gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construção e caracterização de fotodetetores metal-semicondutor-metal (MSM). (2006)

\n Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a fabricação de fotodetetores do tipo Metal-Semicondutor-Metal (MSM) com corrente de escuro da ordem de 1 nA, responsividade da ordem de 0,1 A/W e razão fotocorrente/corrente de escuro de pelo menos 10. Estes valores asseguram que os fotodetetores obtidos tenham sensibilidade suficiente para serem utilizados em sensores ópticos integrados. Todos os materiais utilizados na construção dos fotodetetores MSM são compatíveis com processos convencionais de fabricação em microeletrônica, facilitando a integração com outros dispositivos em estado sólido. O semicondutor utilizado nos fotodetetores foi o silício, na forma monocristalina ou policristalina. Como material de eletrodo, foi utilizado o alumínio, o titânio ou o níquel. No processo de fabricação básico, foram utilizados apenas três etapas: deposição do filme metálico, fotolitografia e corrosão, confirmando a simplicidade de fabricação desse fotodetetor. Através da construção de dispositivos com diferentes geometrias e diferentes combinações dos materiais citados acima, foi possível verificar a influência que a estrutura cristalina do semicondutor, tipo de dopagem do semicondutor, geometria e material de eletrodo tem sobre o desempenho e o comportamento dos MSMs. O comprimento de onda de 632,8 nm foi utilizado na caracterização dos dispositivos, devido a sua disponibilidade e o desenvolvimento de guias ópticos utilizando esse comprimento de onda em trabalhos anteriores do nosso grupo de pesquisa. Os melhores resultados obtidos foram com as amostras de Si monocristalino tipo-p com eletrodos de titânio. Na amostra sinterizada à 250°C foi obtido um valor da corrente de escuro de 4,8 nA e, na amostra de referência, foi obtido um valor de responsividade de 0,28 A/W.\n
Sprint Ability: How Well Does Your Software Exploit Bursts in Processing Capacity? (2016)

Computer systems constrain their processing rates to stay within power, cost and answer quality budgets. Sprinting mechanisms increase processing rates by exceeding budgets for short bursts before reverting back to safe processing rates. Sprinting mechanisms can speed up query processing and reduce queuing delay, but it is challenging to set policies on when and how hard to sprint. This paper discusses sprint ability, i.e., performance under a set sprinting policy divided by the best performance achieved by any competing policy. System managers can use sprint ability to diagnose slowdown caused by poor sprinting policies. As sprinting mechanisms proliferate, system managers will need tools to measure and manage sprint ability, creating new research problems. For example, new techniques to model response time under various sprinting mechanisms and policies will be needed. Approaches to adapt sprinting policies as workloads and underlying systems change will also be needed. For this paper, we provided a first step toward these problems by building a simulator that models response time for Internet services, as an efficient mean to explore the large parameter space of sprinting policies. We set up our simulator to capture key features of sprinting policies, i.e., sprinting frequency and magnitude, studied in recent papers: ApproxHadoop and Adrenaline. In our tests, the policies proposed in those papers achieved only 71% and 75% sprint ability. Further, the difference between best and worst policies varied across sprinting mechanisms. These results confirm the need for research on techniques to efficiently manage sprinting mechanisms.
Spin-on Mesoporous Silica Films with Ultralow Dielectric Constants, Ordered Pore Structures, and Hydrophobic Surfaces (2001)

Smooth mesoporous silica films (see Figure) can now be obtained with very low dielectric constants by spin coating, whereby the thickness and hydrophobicity of the films can also be controlled. This is thanks to a functionalized precursor as is unveiled in this communication. These films are sure to be on the wanted list for semiconductor applications as they combine dielectric stability with a low processing temperature, an excellent thermal stability, and reliable mechanical properties.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Alkyl-1,5-Diaryl-1H-Pyrazoles as Rigid Analogues of Combretastatin A-4 with Potent Antiproliferative Activity (2015)

A series of novel 3-alkyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized as combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogues and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, A549 and HT-1080). Most of the target compounds displayed moderate to potent antiproliferative activity, and 7k was found to be the most potent compound. Structure-activity relationships indicated that compounds with a trimethoxyphenyl A-ring at the N-1 position of the pyrazole skeleton were more potent than those with the A-ring at the C-5 position. Tubulin polymerization and immunostaining experiments revealed that 7k potently inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted tubulin microtubule dynamics in a manner similar to CA-4. Computational modelling demonstrated that the binding of 7k to the colchicine binding site on microtubules may involve a similar mode as CA-4.
Profound Coordinated Alterations of Intratumoral NK Cell Phenotype and Function in Lung Carcinoma (2011)

Both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to tumor immunosurveillance in mice and humans; however, there is a paucity of direct evidence of a role for natural killer (NK) cells in this important process. In this study, we investigated the intratumoral phenotypic profile and functions of NK cells in primary human tumor specimens of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We used in situ methods to quantify and localize NK cells using the NKp46 marker and we characterized their phenotype in blood, tumoral, and nontumoral samples of NSCLC patients. Intratumoral NK cells displayed a profound and coordinated alteration of their phenotype, with a drastic reduction of NK cell receptor expression specifically detected in the tumoral region. According to their altered phenotype, intratumoral NK cells exhibited profound defects in the ability to activate degranulation and IFN-γ production. We found that the presence of NK cells did not impact the clinical outcome of patients with NSCLC. Finally, we showed that tumor cells heterogeneously express ligands for both activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Taken together, our results suggest that the NSCLC tumor microenvironment locally impairs NK cells, rendering them less tumorcidal and thereby supportive to cancer progression.
Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Winchia calophylla (2005)

Three new indole alkaloids, N(4)-demethyl-12-methoxyalstogustine (1), 17-carboxyl-N(4)-methylechitamidine chloride (2), and 17-carboxyl-12-methoxy-N(4)-methylechitamidine chloride (3), along with 15 known alkaloids, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Winchia calophylla. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic means and chemical methods. The determination of relative configurations at C-19 and C-20 for 1-3 was aided by 13C NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of alkaloids 1-3 were determined by direct comparison of their CD spectra with those of known alkaloids. All the alkaloids were tested in cytotoxic assays against P-388 and A-549 tumor cell lines, and only two of them showed weak activity against the A-549 cell line.
Catalytically Competent Non-transforming H-RASG12P Mutant Provides Insight into Molecular Switch Function and GAP-independent GTPase Activity of RAS (2019)

RAS mutants have been extensively studied as they are associated with development of cancer; however, H-RAS<sup>G12P</sup> mutant has remained untouched since it does not lead to transformation in the cell. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where structural/dynamical properties of H-RAS<sup>G12P</sup> have been investigated -in comparison to H-RAS<sup>WT</sup>, H-RAS<sup>G12D</sup>, RAF-RBD-bound and GAP-bound H-RAS<sup>WT</sup>- using molecular dynamics simulations (total of 9 μs). We observed remarkable differences in dynamics of Y32. Specifically, it is located far from the nucleotide binding pocket in the catalytically-active GAP-bound H-RAS<sup>WT</sup>, whereas it makes close interaction with the nucleotide in signaling-active systems (H-RAS<sup>G12D</sup>, KRAS4B<sup>G12D</sup>, RAF-RBD-bound H-RAS<sup>WT</sup>) and H-RAS<sup>WT</sup>. The accessibility of Y32 in wild type protein is achieved upon GAP binding. Interestingly; however, it is intrinsically accessible in H-RAS<sup>G12P</sup>. Considering the fact that incomplete opening of Y32 is associated with cancer, we propose that Y32 can be targeted by means of small therapeutics that can displace it from the nucleotide binding site, thus introducing intrinsic GTPase activity to RAS mutants, which cannot bind to GAP. Therefore, mimicking properties of H-RAS<sup>G12P</sup> in RAS-centered drug discovery studies has the potential of improving success rates since it acts as a molecular switch per se.
Enumeration of selected anaerobic bacterial groups in cecal and colonic contents of growing-finishing pigs (1989)

Selected anaerobic bacterial groups in cecal and colonic contents of clinically healthy pigs fed a corn-soybean meal production diet were determined at sacrifice after 4, 8, and 11 weeks on feed, corresponding to intervals within the growing-finishing growth period. By using ruminal fluid-based media, the densities of the culturable anaerobic population; the cellulolytic, pectin-fermenting, pectin-hydrolyzing, xylan-fermenting; and the xylan-hydrolyzing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic bacterial populations were estimated. An analysis of variance was performed on these bacterial group variables to examine the effects of phase (weeks on feed), site (cecum or colon), or the interaction of phase with site. The population of total anaerobic bacteria was twice as dense in the colon as it was in the cecum (2 x 10(10) versus 1 x 10(10)/g [wet weight]; P = 0.001). The proportion of cellulolytic bacteria was lower at 4 weeks on feed than at 8 or 11 weeks (23 versus 32%; P = 0.026), while the proportion of pectin-fermenting bacteria depended on the interaction of phase with site (P = 0.021). The numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria were significantly higher in the colon than in the cecum (6 x 10(7) versus 3 x 10(7); P = 0.014), as were methanogenic bacteria (19 x 10(7) versus 0.6 x 10(7); P = 0.0002). The remaining bacterial groups were stable with respect to phase and site. The results suggest that except for density differences, the microbial communities of the pig cecum and colon are similar in composition throughout the growing-finishing phase.
cAMP activation of PKA defines an ancient signaling mechanism (2006)

cAMP and the cAMP binding domain (CBD) constitute a ubiquitous regulatory switch that translates an extracellular signal into a biological response. The CBD contains α- and β-subdomains with cAMP binding to a phosphate binding cassette (PBC) in the β-sandwich. The major receptors for cAMP in mammalian cells are the regulatory subunits (R-subunits) of PKA where cAMP and the catalytic subunit compete for the same CBD. The R-subunits inhibit kinase activity, whereas cAMP releases that inhibition. Here, we use NMR to map at residue resolution the cAMP-dependent interaction network of the CBD-A domain of isoform Iα of the R-subunit of PKA. Based on H/D, H/H, and N z exchange data, we propose a molecular model for the allosteric regulation of PKA by cAMP. According to our model, cAMP binding causes long-range perturbations that propagate well beyond the immediate surroundings of the PBC and involve two key relay sites located at the C terminus of β 2 (I163) and N terminus of β 3 (D170). The I163 site functions as one of the key triggers of global unfolding, whereas the D170 locus acts as an electrostatic switch that mediates the communication between the PBC and the B-helix. Removal of cAMP not only disrupts the cap for the B′ helix within the PBC, but also breaks the circuitry of cooperative interactions stemming from the PBC, thereby uncoupling the α- and β-subdomains. The proposed model defines a signaling mechanism, conserved in every genome, where allosteric binding of a small ligand disrupts a large protein–protein interface.
Polyol Electroless and Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Ni-Co Films and Powders (2002)

10.1149/1.1447223
Phenotypic Variation in Leaf Morphology of the USDA, ARS Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) Germplasm Collection (2020)

During 2012–14, 737 sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae), plant introduction (PI) accessions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA, ARS) sweetpotato germplasm collection were evaluated for several phenotypic leaf and plant characteristics, and a photographic record of each accession was made. Data were prepared for placement in the USDA, ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database and the sweetpotato ontology. The parameters recorded for each genotype were canopy coverage, vine length, general leaf outline, leaf lobing, shape of the central leaf lobe, number of leaf points, leaf petiole length, leaf width, leaf length, leaf width × length, and leaf width/length (aspect ratio). The data indicate that there is wide genetic diversity for vegetative phenotypic characteristics within the USDA, ARS sweetpotato germplasm collection. This study provides important phenotype information for the USDA, ARS sweetpotato collection that has been lacking and can be used for curation of the collection and by researchers and breeders working with this important global food crop.
The effects of laser annealing ambient and the number of laser shots on the morphology of poly‐si films (2003)

Abstract We have examined the effects of the laser annealing ambient and the number of laser shots on the morphology and the grain size of excimer laser‐annealed poly‐Si films. In the case of a high oxygen partial pressure (&gt; 10e −3 Torr), the surface roughness increases with the number of laser shots. However, the surface roughness decreases as the number of laser shots increases at a low oxygen partial pressure (&lt; 10e −3 Torr). The grain size of poly‐Si decreases as the oxygen partial pressure decreases. A thin surface oxide film formed by laser irradiation is the cause of these phenomena. There is no saturation point regarding the surface roughness, even at an oxygen partial pressure of 10e −5 Torr, so that it is important to control the oxygen in the laser annealing ambient and on silicon film surfaces in order to control poly‐Si TFT performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(7): 42–50, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10098
X-ray backscatter imaging: Photography through barriers (2006)

X-ray imaging techniques based on Compton backscatter permit inspection and screening of sea containers, a wide variety of vehicles, luggage, and even people. In contrast to more commonly used transmission images, backscatter imaging involves positioning both source and detection apparatus on only one side of a target object. This presents the user with inspection opportunities in situations that may be extremely difficult, if not impossible, for transmission systems that require access by the detector subsystem to the opposing side of the target. The backscatter image is somewhat akin to a photograph of the contents of a closed container, taken through the container walls. Techniques for producing X-ray images based on Compton scattering will be discussed, along with wide-ranging examples of how systems based on these principles are used to perform inspections for both security applications and for the detection of contraband materials at ports and borders. Potential applications in the area of nondestructive evaluation will also be considered. Differences in the type of information displayed by transmission and backscatter images will be highlighted, and tradeoffs between backscatter image quality and interpretability, scan speed, effective penetration, and X-ray tube voltage will also be discussed. The method used in scanning the target object results in an extremely low radiation dose, a result that significantly broadens the application spectrum for this imaging technique.
MP38-05 NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME MEDIATED INFLAMMATION AND DENERVATION ARE CRITICAL PROCESSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION (2018)

METHODS: Primary rat bladder cell culture was used to evaluate the effect of bAR agonist and mAchR antagonist on extracellular matrix (ECM) production, oxidative stress and EMT markers in hypoxic environment. In the animal study, we used the well-established partial pelvic ischemia rat model by ligation of the common iliac artery. Rats were divided into five groups, including control group, ischemic bladder (IB) group, bAR agonist treated IB group, mAchR non-selective antagonist treated IB group, and mAchR selective antagonist treated IB group. Bladders were later be retrieved for evaluation of oxidative stress, along with ECM deposition and EMT markers RESULTS: In cell line study, response to hypoxia of bladder mucosa cells would be modified by both bAR agonist and mAchR antagonist. Decreased HIF-1a was found in treated cells, even after hypoxia. However, cells would demonstrate prominent EMT with collagen deposition, especially when treated with bAR agonist. In animal study, total glutathione can be a good indicator of ischemic severity. Both bAR agonist and mAchR antagonist can help improve urodynamic parameters from IB. This correlates with EMT after ischemic change but not with collagen and TGF-b expression. Bladder remodeling seemed to be associated more with selective mAchR antagonist treatment. Pathological evidence of ECM deposition can also be found in immunohistochemical stain of bladder.
Synthesis of .alpha.-heterosubstituted nitrosamines. Novel test substances for cancer and mutagenesis research (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.-heterosubstituted nitrosamines. Novel test substances for cancer and mutagenesis researchDieter Seebach and Dieter EndersCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 11, 1225–1227Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00257a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00257a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Hybrid Optimized Algorithm Based on Simplex Method and Genetic Algorithm (2006)

Based on the simplex method and real-code genetic algorithm, a hybrid computational algorithm has been presented in this paper. In this hybrid genetic algorithm some improved genetic mechanisms, for example non-linear ranking selection, improved crossover operation combining the differential computation with arithmetic crossover and non-uniform mutation operation, are also adopted to overcome the slow convergence and premature problem in the simple genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the new algorithm not only improves the global optimization performance, but also quickens the convergence speed and obtains robust results with good quality, which indicates this new algorithm is a promising approach for solving global optimization problems.
Incidence, prevalence, and gene frequency studies of chronic childhood spinal muscular atrophy. (1978)

A total population study of chronic childhood spinal muscular atrophy (arrested Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Kugelberg-Welander disease, SMA type II and III) was undertaken in north-east England to establish gene and carrier frequencies, incidence, and prevalence. The incidence of this disease was 1 in 24 100 live births. Prevalence was 1.20 per 100,000 of the general population. A technique for estimating an autosomal recessive gene frequency in the known presence of dominant new mutations (or phenocopies), using data from a segregation analysis, is described. Gene frequency was in the range (0.00451 to 0.00659 (95% confidence limits), with a working estimate of 0.0055. Carrier rates for the autosomal recessive gene concerned were 1 in 76 to 1 in 111 (95%) confidence limits), with a working estimate of 1 in 90 for genetic counselling purposes.
Abstract 2975: Collagen type XI alpha 1 confers cisplatin chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) (2017)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, which affects one in 70 females in the United States during their lifetime. While cisplatin is the frontline treatment for ovarian cancer, chemoresistance severely limits the treatment success. The goal of this study is to identify novel therapeutic targets to overcome cisplatin resistance. We recently identified Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) as a novel biomarker associated with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. COL11A1 is a component of the tumor stroma and its expression is restricted to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) adjacent to tumor cells. We further showed that COL11A1 protects ovarian cancer cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, yet the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. To understand the molecular mechanism by which COL11A1 protects cancer cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, we overexpressed COL11A1 in ovarian cancer cells and performed RNA-Seq. Our RNA-Seq data revealed that COL11A1 did not change the levels of genes involved in cisplatin transport, inactivation, and DNA repair pathways in cancer cells, which are well-established mechanisms to confer cisplatin resistance. Rather, COL11A1 enhances the expression of the Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), including XIAP, BIRC2 (c-IAP1) and BIRC3 (c-IAP2). Using a full-length COL11A1 protein, genetic manipulation, and co-culture method, we confirmed that COL11A1 significantly increases the expression of IAPs upon cisplatin treatment. The inhibition of XIAP, BIRC2 and BIRC3 with an IAP antagonist BV6 attenuated the ability of COL11A1 to inhibit cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. Our data indicates that COL11A1 activates Akt, and Akt is known to phosphorylate XIAP at serine-87, which protects it from ubiquitination and degradation in response to cisplatin. Collectively, our data identify IAP as a mediator of COL11A1’s action in blocking cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Miran Rada, Jennifer Cha, Jessica Sage, Sandra Orsulic, Dong-Joo Cheon. Collagen type XI alpha 1 confers cisplatin chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2975. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2975