gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Determination of Reaction Kinetics with an Automated Microfluidic System (2011)

Kinetic information is used to determine the optimal reaction conditions, to successfully scale up a reaction from the laboratory to the pilot plant, and to improve process control. Obtaining accurate kinetics using conventional benchtop equipment and techniques, however, requires numerous experiments and can be complicated by sluggish mixing and heat-transfer rates. To improve the speed and efficiency in gathering reaction kinetics, we present an automated, silicon microreactor system that uses a sequential experimentation framework driven by model-based optimization feedback for online reaction rate parameter determination. The method, based on Information Theory and Bayesian Statistics, first selects the appropriate global reaction rate expression. After determining the correct rate law, a D-optimal strategy precisely estimates the pre-exponential and activation energy of the rate constant. The approaches are validated experimentally with a model system, the Diels−Alder reaction of isoprene and maleic anhydride in DMF. The benefits of quickly obtaining this information with an automated microreactor system are further demonstrated by successfully scaling the Diels−Alder reaction by a factor of 500 from a microreactor to a Corning flow reactor.
Active Control of Wind-Tunnel Model Aeroelastic Response Using Neural Networks (2000)

Under a joint research and development effort conducted by NASA and The Boeing Company (formerly McDonnell Douglas), three neural-network-based control systems were developed and tested. The control systems were experimentally evaluated using a transonic wind-tunnel model in the NASA Langley Research Center Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. One system used a neural network to schedule flutter suppression control laws, another employed a neural network in a predictive control scheme, and the third employed a neural network in an inverse model control scheme. All three of these control schemes successfully suppressed flutter to or near the limits of the testing apparatus and represent the first experimental applications of neural networks to flutter suppression. The findings of this project are summarized.
Growing Designs with biomakerlab in High School Classrooms (2017)

We report on the development and implementation of biomakerlab, a wetlab starter kit for synthetic biology activities in K-12. In synthetic biology, participants make their own DNA-gene by gene-and then grow their designs into real applications by inserting them into microorganisms to develop different traits and characteristics provided by the genes. High school students worked with biomakerlab to make logo designs using microorganisms they manipulated to produce differently colored pigments. Our analysis focuses on student engagement with production activities and design challenges in biomaking. In the discussion, we address differences and overlaps between traditional maker activities and biomaker activities for education.
HPS Lamps—the Application of Penning Mixture Starting Gases (1975)

Presented here is an abstract of an IES Transaction. Because of the unique approach to HPS lighting systems, the complete presentation will be published in the September issue of Lighting Design and Application.
A Distribution-based Method for Assessing The Differences between Clinical Trial Target Populations and Patient Populations in Electronic Health Records (2014)

We contribute a scalable method to profile and compare aggregated clinical trial target populations with EHR patient populations. We demonstrate that Type 2 diabetes studies are more generalizable with regard to age than they are with regard to HbA1c. We found that the generalizability of age increased from Phase 1 to Phase 3 while the generalizability of HbA1c decreased during those same phases. This method can generalize to other medical conditions and other continuous or binary variables. We envision the potential use of EHR data for examining the generalizability of clinical trials and for defining population-representative clinical trial eligibility criteria.
Bovine mastitis: milk compositional changes and related diagnostic tests (1981)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Synthesis, crystal structure, electrical and thermal transport properties of the skutterudite-derivative RhGe1.5–x Se1.5+x (2010)

Abstract The skutterudite-derivative phase RhGe 1.5- x Se 1.5+ x has been synthesized and structurally characterized by metallography and powder X-ray diffraction data. At x = 0, RhGe 1.5 Se 1.5 displays trigonal sym metry, space group R -3, with unit cell parameters a = 12.0601(8) Å, c = 14.826(1) Å, V = 1867.5(4) Å 3 , and Z = 24. The crystal structure can be viewed as a modification of the cubic structure of the skutterudite CoAs 3 , where Ge and Se anions order in layers perpendicular to the [111] direction of the cubic skutterudite unit cell. Electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity of the phase RhGe 1.5– x Se 1.5+ x ( p -type semiconductor) have been investigated for different x values in the temperature range from 3 to 640 K.
Therapeutic potential of histamine H3 receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus (2006)

Histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) are located on the presynaptic membranes and cell soma of histamine neurons, where they negatively regulate the synthesis and release of histamine. In addition, H3Rs are also located on nonhistaminergic neurons, acting as heteroreceptors to regulate the releases of other amines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. The present study investigated the effects of H3R ligands on appetite and body-weight regulation by using WT and H3R-deficient mice (H3RKO), because brain histamine plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. The results showed that thioperamide, an H3R inverse agonist, increases, whereas imetit, an H3R agonist, decreases appetite and body weight in diet-induced obese (DiO) WT mice. Moreover, in DiO WT mice, but not in DiO H3RKO mice, imetit reduced fat mass, plasma concentrations of leptin and insulin, and hepatic triglyceride content. The anorexigenic effects of imetit were associated with a reduction in histamine release, but a comparable reduction in histamine release with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, an inhibitor of histamine synthesis, increased appetite. Moreover, the anorexigenic effects of imetit were independent of the melanocortin system, because imetit comparably reduced appetite in melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor-deficient mice. The results provide roles of H3Rs in energy homeostasis and suggest a therapeutic potential for H3R agonists in the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Conductive “Smart” Hybrid Hydrogels with PNIPAM and Nanostructured Conductive Polymers (2015)

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels with decent electrical properties are a promising class of polymeric materials for a range of technological applications, such as electrical, electrochemical, and biomedical devices. In this paper, thermally responsive and conductive hybrid hydrogels are synthesized by in situ formation of continuous network of conductive polymer hydrogels crosslinked by phytic acid in poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) matrix. The interpenetrating binary network structure provides the hybrid hydrogels with continuous transporting path for electrons, highly porous microstructure, strong interactions between two hydrogel networks, thus endowing the hybrid hydrogels with a unique combination of high electrical conductivity (up to 0.8 S m −1 ), high thermoresponsive sensitivity (significant volume change within several seconds), and greatly enhanced mechanical properties. This work demonstrates that the architecture of the filling phase in the hydrogel matrix and design of hybrid hydrogel structure play an important role in determining the performance of the resulting hybrid material. The attractive performance of these hybrid hydrogels is further demonstrated by the developed switcher device which suggests potential applications in stimuli‐responsive electronic devices.
Determining the Bulk Lifetime of Unpassivated Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers (2010)

The determination of the bulk lifetime of bare multicrystalline silicon wafers without the need of surface passivation is a desirable goal. The implementation of an in-line carrier lifetime analysis is only of benefit if the measurements can be done on bare unprocessed wafers and if the measured effective lifetime is clearly related to the bulk lifetime of the wafer. In this work we present a detailed experimental study demonstrating the relationship between the effective carrier lifetime of unpassivated wafers and their bulk carrier lifetime. Numerical modelling using the device simulation program PC1D is used to describe this relationship for different surface conditions taking into account the impact of a saw damage layers with poor electronic quality. Our results show that a prediction of the bulk lifetime from quasi- steady state photo conductance (QSSPC) carrier lifetime measurements on bare wafers is possible. Based on these results we suggest a simple procedure to implement the analysis for in-line inspection. Furthermore, we examine the relation between the effective lifetime of the bare, unprocessed wafers and the energy conversion efficiencies of solar cells made from neighboring wafers and find a clear correlation independent of the wafer position in the multicrystalline block.
Effects of cigarette smoking on early medial collateral ligament healing in a mouse model (2006)

Cigarette smoking delays the healing process and increases morbidity associated with many common musculoskeletal disorders such as medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. In the current study, a murine model of MCL healing was used to test the hypothesis that smoking impairs extracellular matrix synthesis after injury. Mice were divided into two groups, a nonsmoking control group and a group exposed to smoke for 2 months prior to surgical MCL injury. Mice were euthanized at 3 and 7 days after surgery. Subsequently, propidium iodine staining was used to quantify cellular density of injured and sham ligaments. Immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization to mRNA were used to detect proliferation, apoptosis, and type I collagen gene expression at the site of injury. Cell density increased significantly from baseline to 7 days after injury in control mice. In mice exposed to cigarette smoke, there was a significantly lower cellular density compared to controls at this time point (p=0.01). There was no difference in proliferation between groups at the site of injury, and the low level of proliferation observed was not sufficient to account for the large increase in cell density by day 7. No evidence of apoptosis was observed in any of the groups at the site of injury. Type I collagen gene expression was higher in controls compared to smokers at day 7. Almost all of the cells in the substance of the injured MCL at day 7 were spindle-shaped and expressed type I collagen, suggesting that increased cell density from day 3 to day 7 represented an increase in ligament cells rather than an increased inflammatory response. We conclude that the decreased cellular density and type I collagen expression in the injured ligament of mice exposed to smoke begin to provide a cellular and molecular basis for delayed or deficient early healing in these animals.
Gabor deconvolution: Estimating reflectivity by nonstationary deconvolution of seismic data (2011)

Abstract We have extended the method of stationary spiking deconvolution of seismic data to the context of nonstationary signals in which the nonstationarity is due to attenuation processes. As in the stationary case, we have assumed a statistically white reflectivity and a minimum-phase source and attenuation process. This extension is based on a nonstationary convolutional model, which we have developed and related to the stationary convolutional model. To facilitate our method, we have devised a simple numerical approach to calculate the discrete Gabor transform, or complex-valued time-frequency decomposition, of any signal. Although the Fourier transform renders stationary convolution into exact, multiplicative factors, the Gabor transform, or windowed Fourier transform, induces only an approximate factorization of the nonstationary convolutional model. This factorization serves as a guide to develop a smoothing process that, when applied to the Gabor transform of the nonstationary seismic trace, estimates the magnitude of the time-frequency attenuation function and the source wavelet. By assuming that both are minimum-phase processes, their phases can be determined. Gabor deconvolution is accomplished by spectral division in the time-frequency domain. The complex-valued Gabor transform of the seismic trace is divided by the complex-valued estimates of attenuation and source wavelet to estimate the Gabor transform of the reflectivity. An inverse Gabor transform recovers the time-domain reflectivity. The technique has applications to synthetic data and real data.
Resistance-related proteinin rectal cancer tissue expression and significanee of combi-nation chemotherapy withLigustrazine (2010)

：Objective To investigateresistance-related protein in tumor tissue expression and significance of combinationchemotherapy with Liguslrazine.Methods In this paper, drug-resistant cancer patientsresected tumor tissue was isolated preparation of cell suspension. Study of P-170, MRP andLRP by using flow cytometry and Western-Blotting to elucidate the mechanism of drugresistance, and use traditional Chinese medicine Ligustrazine reversal of multidrugresistance experiments.Results LOVO/5-FU resistance in the mechanism of drug-resistantmainly by increasing P-170, MRP protein expression. Chinese medicine Ligustrazine can beadopted to reduce P-170, MRP protein expression to sensitize drug-resistant rectal cancercells.Conclusions Ligustrazine can increase the resistance of cancer cells tochemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, then the Ligustrazine can effectively increase the ORRin patients with short-term effect, worthy to be popularized.
Altered retinal metabolism in diabetes. I. Microanalysis of lipid, glucose, sorbitol, and myo-inositol in the choroid and in the individual layers of the rabbit retina. (1986)

Total lipid, sucrose, glucose, sorbitol and myo-inositol contents in individual layers from normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbit retinas were measured using gravimetric and enzymatic microtechniques. Pure samples of nine retinal layers were microdissected from freeze-dried retinal cryosections. The lipid content was measured by loss of weight after ethanol and hexane extraction. Retinal lipid varied 3-fold across the retina and was not influenced by diabetes. Sucrose, glucose, sorbitol, and myo-inositol were measured with fluorimetric microassays. Sucrose infused intravenously prior to sampling the tissue did not traverse the outer blood retinal barrier of the normal or the diabetic retina. In both normals and diabetics, glucose followed a diffusional curve, with outer and inner retinal concentrations, respectively, equal to choroidal blood and vitreal glucose concentrations. Sorbitol was elevated in all retinal layers of diabetic animals. The peak sorbitol concentrations, of 2 mmol/kg defatted dry weight in diabetics, were not high enough to be osmotically significant. Retinal myo-inositol, of the order found in brain tissue (10-30 mmol/kg defatted dry tissue), was decreased by 22-40% in all retinal layers of the diabetics. The results indicate that diabetes affects the metabolism of retinal structures independently of the small blood vessel disease that is the hallmark of diabetes of long duration. It is conceivable that primary intraretinal metabolic alterations cause, aggravate, or perpetuate the well known degenerative processes that occur in retinal blood vessels in diabetes.
Soft X-Ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy Station with Polarized Radiation (2004)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. H. Wei, Y. J. Hsu, G. C. Yin, Y. S. Wu, S. C. Chuang, K. L. Tsang, J. Y. Ou, J. C. Wu; Soft X‐Ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy Station with Polarized Radiation. AIP Conf. Proc. 12 May 2004; 705 (1): 905–908. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1757942 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
tuf Gene Dosage Effects on the Intracellular Concentration of EF‐TuB (1983)

In this paper we have studied the effect of raising the intracellular EF-Tu concentration on the expression of tufB. To this aim cells were transformed with multicopy plasmids carrying either tufA or tufB. The intracellular EF-Tu concentrations were determined by the specific immunoelectrophoresis assay described in the preceding paper in this journal. We have cloned the tufA gene in a plasmid, containing the powerful major leftward promoter (PL) of phage lambda. Transcription from PL can be repressed at low temperature by a temperature-sensitive repressor and activated by heat induction. Cloning occurred in two orientations in a single EcoRI site about 150 base pairs downstream of PL. Cells carrying either plasmid were shown to contain an almost doubled amount of EF-Tu at temperatures from 28 degrees C to 37 degrees C. This indicates that transcription of tufA can proceed from a possible binding site for RNA polymerase on these cloned fragments. The EF-Tu level was further increased to about 30% of total cellular protein after a temperature shift from 37 degrees C to 43 degrees C. The multicopy plasmid pTuB1 described by Miyajima et al. [FEBS Lett. 102, 207-210 (1979)] and a derivative (pTuBo, compare preceding paper in this journal) were used to study the expression of both chromosomal and plasmid-borne tufB. Transformation with either plasmid raised the intracellular EF-Tu concentration by 30-60% depending on the nutritional conditions. Suppression of tufB expression was observed when the intracellular level of EF-Tu increased after transformation with all plasmids mentioned above. The results are in accord with the concept that EF-Tu acts as an autogenous feedback inhibitor involved in the regulation of tufB.
Rapid Genomic Characterization and Global Surveillance of Klebsiella Using Pathogenwatch (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Klebsiella species, including the notable pathogen K. pneumoniae , are increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Genome-based surveillance can inform interventions aimed at controlling AMR. However, its widespread implementation requires tools to streamline bioinformatic analyses and public health reporting. Methods We developed the web application Pathogenwatch, which implements analytics tailored to Klebsiella species for integration and visualization of genomic and epidemiological data. We populated Pathogenwatch with 16,537 public Klebsiella genomes to enable contextualization of user genomes. We demonstrated its features with 1,636 genomes from four low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) participating in the NIHR Global Health Research Unit (GHRU) on AMR. Results Using Pathogenwatch, we found that GHRU genomes were dominated by a small number of epidemic drug-resistant clones of K. pneumoniae . However, differences in their distribution were observed (e.g. ST258/512 dominated in Colombia, ST231 in India, ST307 in Nigeria, ST147 in the Philippines). Phylogenetic analyses including public genomes for contextualization enabled retrospective monitoring of their spread. In particular, we identified hospital outbreaks, detected introductions from abroad, and uncovered clonal expansions associated with resistance and virulence genes. Assessment of loci encoding O-antigens and capsule in K. pneumoniae , which represent possible vaccine candidates, showed that three O-types (O1-O3) represented 88.9% of all genomes, whereas capsule types were much more diverse. Conclusions Pathogenwatch provides a free, accessible platform for real-time analysis of Klebsiella genomes to aid surveillance at local, national and global levels. We have improved representation of genomes from GHRU participant countries, further facilitating ongoing surveillance. 40-word summary Pathogenwatch is a free web-application for analysis of Klebsiella genomes to aid surveillance at local, national and global levels. We improved the representation of genomes from middle-income countries through the Global Health Research Unit on AMR, further facilitating ongoing surveillance. FUNDING This work was supported by Official Development Assistance (ODA) funding from the National Institute of Health Research [grant number 16_136_111]. This research was commissioned by the National Institute of Health Research using Official Development Assistance (ODA) funding. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors: No reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.
<title>Doubling the lateral resolution of wide-field fluorescence microscopy using structured illumination</title> (2000)

Spatial information that exceeds the classical resolution limit by a factor of two can be made visible in the widefield fluorescence microscope by illuminating the sample with spatially structured (patterned) excitation light. By computationally restoring this information to its proper location in reciprocal space, an image with twice the normal lateral resolution can be produced. The method can be applied in three dimensions, and yields an axial sectioning power equal to that of confocal microscopes. Unlike the case in confocal microscopy, however, both the lateral and axial resolution enhancements are achieved without any loss of emission light, resulting in uncompromised sensitivity. The method has been experimentally verified on both test objects and complex biological structures and performs in complete agreement with theoretical predictions. The resulting images possess a visual clarity that dramatically exceeds that of both conventional and confocal microscopes.