gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement of the adenovirus E1A transformation domain 1 for inhibition of PC12 cell neuronal differentiation. (1991)

Expression of the adenovirus early gene E1A inhibits the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Expression of the 12S form of E1A, which lacks the transcription activation region, also inhibited PC12 cell differentiation in a manner similar to the wild-type gene. Three cellular proteins--the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product referred to as 105(Rb)-, 107-, and 300-kDa proteins--stably interacted with the different E1A polypeptides. Analysis of the association of these cellular proteins with mutant E1A polypeptides demonstrated that a functional domain 1, which is minimally involved in the association of the 300-kDa protein with E1A, was sufficient to inhibit neuronal differentiation. Deletion of transformation domain 2, which encodes sequences necessary for the binding of the 105(Rb)- and 107-kDa proteins, did not influence the ability of the mutant E1A polypeptide to inhibit PC12 cell differentiation. E1A was also shown to alter the expression of mRNAs for the early response genes c-fos, c-myc, egr-1, and c-jun and their regulation in response to NGF. In clones expressing either 12S or 13S E1A, NGF stimulation of c-fos and c-myc was repressed. In contrast, basal mRNA levels for c-jun and egr-1 were constitutively elevated and not significantly affected further by challenge with NGF. Simply expressing c-jun by gene transfer, however, did not mimic the action of E1A because constitutively expressing c-jun clones differentiated in response to NGF. Thus, expression of the E1A polypeptide disrupts NGF control of early transcription events that have been shown to be critical for PC12 cell neuronal differentiation.
Computer calculations of binary and ternary copolymerization behavior (1968)

Abstract Computer programs in use in our laboratory for the calculation of binary and ternary copolymerization behavior are reviewed. In the case of binary copolymerization an analytical equation is available, allowing rapid and precise calculations of various parameters of interest. In the case of ternary and higher component systems numerical methods of integration are required. The application of the Runge‐Kutta method to ternary copolymerization systems is outlined. Examples and some of the difficulties encountered with both systems are presented.
Musical Typicality: How Many Similar Songs Exist?. (2016)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Dynamic Relationship between IFN-γ and IL-2 Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis -Specific T Cells and Antigen Load (2007)

Distinct IFN-gamma and IL-2 profiles of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells have recently been associated with different clinical disease states and Ag loads in viral infections. We assessed the kinetics and functional profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag-specific T cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-2 in 23 patients with untreated active tuberculosis when bacterial and Ag loads are high and after curative treatment, when Ag load is reduced. The frequencies of M. tuberculosis Ag-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells declined during 28 mo of follow-up with an average percentage decline of 5.8% per year (p = 0.005), while the frequencies of Ag-specific IL-2-secreting T cells increased during treatment (p = 0.02). These contrasting dynamics for the two cytokines led to a progressive convergence of the frequencies of IFN-gamma- and IL-2-secreting cells over 28 mo. Simultaneous measurement of IFN-gamma and IL-2 secretion at the single-cell level revealed a codominance of IFN-gamma-only secreting and IFN-gamma/IL-2 dual secreting CD4(+) T cells in active disease that shifted to dominance of IFN-gamma/IL-2-secreting CD4(+) T cells and newly detectable IL-2-only secreting CD4(+) T cells during and after treatment. These distinct T cell functional signatures before and after treatment suggest a novel immunological marker of mycobacterial load and clinical status in tuberculosis that now requires validation in larger prospective studies.
Structure Determination of Minute Virus of Mice (1997)

The three-dimensional crystal structure of the single-stranded DNA-containing ('full') parvovirus, minute virus of mice (MVM), has been determined to 3.5 A resolution. Both full and empty particles of MVM were crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2 with cell dimensions of a = 448.7, b = 416.7, c = 305.3 A and beta = 95.8 degrees. Diffraction data were collected at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source using an oscillation camera. The crystals have a pseudo higher R32 space group in which the particles are situated at two special positions with 32 point symmetry, separated by (1/2)c in the hexagonal setting. The self-rotation function showed that the particles are rotated with respect to each other by 60 degrees around the pseudo threefold axis. Subsequently, a more detailed analysis of the structure amplitudes demonstrated that the correct space-group symmetry is C2 as given above. Only one of the three twofold axes perpendicular to the threefold axis in the pseudo R32 space group is a 'true' crystallographic twofold axis; the other two are only 'local' non-crystallographic symmetry axes. The known canine parvovirus (CPV) structure was used as a phasing model to initiate real-space electron-density averaging phase improvement. The electron density was easily interpretable and clearly showed the amino-acid differences between MVM and CPV, although the final overall correlation coefficient was only 0.63. The structure of MVM has a large amount of icosahedrally ordered DNA, amounting to 22% of the viral genome, which is significantly more than that found in CPV.
Detonation transfer understanding applied to aerospace problems (1974)

Summary of the findings obtained from a two-year investigation aimed at a quantitative understanding of explosive stimulus transfer. It is felt that the improved understanding achieved on detonation transfer mechanisms will make possible better output tests and specifications, and should result in improved detonators and initiation methods.
Analysis of Citizens' Recognition on Photovoltaic System Supply Policies in Domestic Housing Sector (2010)

This study has intended to analyze citizen's recognition on Photovoltaic (PV) System Supply Policy in Korea. To reach this goal, this study has employed a survey method and statistical analysis. We have asked 140 citizens knowing the policy to some degree to answer questionnaires including various contents related to PV supply policy driven by central government of Korea. The contents of questionnaires consist of three parts: 1) supply policies, 2) PV system and 3) expected effect from the policy. To verify any differences among the characteristics of respondents, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was carried out in 95% confidence level. This study has found the following results: 1) most citizens were positive about the 'Photovoltaic System Supply Policies'; 2) most citizens anticipated the policy would be helpful to cope with the environmental problems and energy crisis and 3) there exit subtle differences between residents according to the respondent's characteristics such as sex, age, occupation, and housing type.
Fabrication of ceramic and ceramic composite microcomponents using soft lithography (2011)

Since 1994, health resources in Georgia have became insufficient. The spending for the health care services per person in 1985 were US$95. 5, US$12.2 in 1989, and US$0.9 in 1994. Currently there are 58.5 physicians per 10,000 inhabitants. The birth rate decreased from 16. 7 in 1989 to 11 in 1997. The mortality rate of pregnant women due to extragenital pathologies, iron deficiency anemias (40% of the total pregnant women), iodine deficiency and complicated abortions are also on the increase. The State Parliament of Georgia decided to reorganize the health care system and, in August 1995, State Health Care Programs and the new system of reimbursement of providers were launched. The monthly contribution rate of medical insurance, which was 4% of the payroll (3% paid by the employer and 1% by the employee), is transferred from the Central Budget directly to the State Medical Insurance Company, which implements nine State Curative Programs. State medical insurance system co-exists with municipal and private health care. Municipal health coverage is closest to the universal coverage (over 80% of the population), and municipal health care services are the closest to a basic package of services satisfying most health care needs of the population. The exceptions are pregnant women and mothers and children under 1 year of age, who are covered by the Federal Programs under State Medical Insurance.
ENHANCED RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER AT NANOMETRIC DISTANCES (2002)

International audience
A guide to image processing and picture management (1994)

From the Publisher:
The value of convenient picture management has been appreciated for many years, and many useful books and articles have been written on the subject. However, the advent of an electronic means of managing pictures and 'images' has drastically changed and improved the possibilities for such management. The rapidly falling costs of the technology means that electronic image management is now within the sights of most libraries, art galleries and museums, and is being considered by many organisations new to the field. This book aims to explain the astonishing progress, increasing complexity, and the pervasive jargon of the technology, and is aimed at those with some but not a detailed knowledge of information technology. It is hoped that armed with information on the current state of technology and its implications, the potential buyer and user of picture management equipment will face these decisions with confidence, and therefore manage images more successfully.
Performance of Using Cascade Forward Back Propagation Neural Networks for Estimating Rain Parameters with Rain Drop Size Distribution (2014)

The aim of our study is to estimate the parameters M (water content), R (rain rate) and Z (radar reflectivity) with raindrop size distribution by using the neural network method. Our investigations have been conducted in five African localities: Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire), Boyele (Congo-Brazzaville), Debuncha (Cameroon), Dakar (Senegal) and Niamey (Niger). For the first time, we have predicted the values of the various parameters in each locality after using neural models (LANN) which have been developed with locally obtained disdrometer data. We have shown that each LANN can be used under other latitudes to get satisfactory results. Secondly, we have also constructed a model, using as train-data, a combination of data issued from all five localities. With this last model called PANN, we could obtain satisfactory estimates forall localities. Lastly, we have distinguished between stratiform and convective rain while building the neural networks. In fact, using simulation data from stratiform rain situations, we have obtained smaller root mean square errors (RMSE) between neural values and disdrometer values than using data issued from convective situations.
Pricing Mortgage-Backed Securities. A Model Describing the Heterogeneity of a Mortgage Pool (2001)

Using a discrete time approach, this paper presents a no-arbitrage pricing formula for MBSs (mortgage-backed securities), and taking into the heterogeneity of a mortgage pool, proposes a specific model for MBS prices that describes the so-called burnout phenomenon of prepayments due to refinance, sale of houses for mortgage, and default. This is a generalized version of Kariya and Kobayashi (2000) in which only refinance is considered for prepayment. The heterogeneity of the mortgage pool is expressed by different response functions of mortgage borrowers to the changes of interest rates and the price changes of equities or houses. Numerical examples for pricing MBSs are demonstrated together with certain specifications of interest model and price model. An estimation procedure is provided based on a recursive least squares method. The discrete time no arbitrage theory is discussed in Appendix.
Ligand Recognition by Anti-DNA Autoantibodies. Affinity, Specificity, and Mode of Binding (1996)

Understanding the molecular basis of DNA recognition by anti-DNA autoantibodies is a key element in defining the role of antibody.DNA complexes in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disorder systemic lupus erythematosus. As part of our efforts to relate anti-DNA affinity and specificity to antibody structure, and ultimately to disease pathogenesis, we have generated a panel of eight anti-DNA mAbs from an autoimmune MRL MpJ-lpr/lpr mouse and have assessed the binding properties of these antibodies. We find that none of our anti-DNA mAbs bind to RNA and only one low-affinity mAb cross-reacts with non-DNA antigens, albeit weakly. None of the mAbs in our panel bind double-stranded DNA exclusively. Antibodies that recognize single-stranded DNA can be categorized into two groups based on their affinity and apparent mode of binding. One group possesses relatively high affinity for oligo(dT) and may recognize single-stranded DNA ligands by accommodating thymine bases in hydrophobic pockets on the antigen binding site. The second group binds more weakly, apparently recognizes single-stranded DNA nonspecifically, and in some cases also binds double-stranded DNA. Although different mechanisms are used for binding single- and double-stranded ligands, the mode of DNA recognition appears conserved within groups of antibodies.
Initial characterization of a lymphokine pathway for the immunologic induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1988)

Under endotoxin-free conditions, unstimulated human PBMC do not release TNF-alpha, as measured in a sensitive assay with 51Cr release in 6 h from actinomycin D-treated WEHI 164 cells. IFN-gamma alone at less than or equal to 10,000 U/ml is insufficient to elicit TNF-alpha release. Similarly, the lymphokine-rich supernatant of PBMC stimulated by allogeneic cells is also insufficient to induce TNF-alpha release in a short term assay. However, when PBMC are first primed with IFN-gamma for 48 h and then exposed to lymphokine supernatant for 6 h, effector cells within the PBMC population are triggered to express TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. All of the measured cytotoxicity is attributable to TNF-alpha because it could be abolished by a specific anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing mAb. Although IFN-gamma serves to prime PBMC in this assay system, it fails to trigger the release of TNF-alpha. Instead, a second lymphokine (provisionally termed "cytotoxicity triggering factor" (CTF) is required to induce TNF-alpha release from IFN-gamma-primed human PBMC. In kinetic studies, IFN-gamma priming was optimal when PBMC were exposed to IFN-gamma (150 U/ml) for 48 h. In contrast to the prolonged interval for priming, CTF need be present for 6 h or less for maximal induction of TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. In dose-response studies, IFN-gamma priming (48 h) required at least 4 U/ml and was complete with 20 to 100 U/ml. By using fully primed PBMC, the response to CTF followed a sigmoidal dose-response curve, which allowed the quantitation of CTF in half-maximal units. Activated Th lymphocytes constitute one cellular source for CTF. CTF is produced by cloned allorective T3+T4+T8-M1- Th cells after alloantigen stimulation, and also by nylon wool-purified T cells after stimulation with PMA and A23187 calcium ionophore. Unstimulated T cells do not release CTF. In physicochemical studies, CTF activity elutes from Sephadex G-100 as a major discrete peak of Mr 55 kDa and minor peaks of 14 kDa and greater than 150 kDa. On the basis of multiple criteria, CTF is distinguishable from several other cytokines: IFN-gamma, IL-1, IL-2, GM-CSF, MIF, CSF-1, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta). We conclude that, by acting together, IFN-gamma and CTF provide a lymphokine pathway whereby Ag-responsive human Th cells induce the immunologic release of TNF-alpha from effector cells present in PBMC.
Homoleptic silver(I) complexes with dithio-, diseleno- and ditelluro-ethers: synthesis, structures and multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance studies (1995)

Homoleptic silver(I) complexes [Ag(L–L)2]BF4{L–L = RE(CH2)nER [R = Ph or Me, n= 2 or 3 (E = S or Se), n= 3 (E = Te)]} have been prepared and characterised by analysis, FAB mass spectrometry, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 77Se, 125Te and 109Ag). Variable-temperature NMR studies have been used to probe various exchange processes occurring in solution. The crystal structure of the tetrafluoroborate salt of [Ag(MeSeCH2CH2SeMe)2]+ shows the diselenoether ligands coordinated in a bidentate manner to the AgI ion forming distorted tetrahedral 1+ cations. In contrast, in the crystal structure of the tetrafluoroborate salt of [Agn(PhSeCH2CH2CH2SePh)2n]n+ the cation is an infinite network comprising Ag atoms linked tetrahedrally via one of the Se atoms of four different diselenoether ligands, which are in turn linked to adjacent Ag atoms.
Gene-Based Association Analysis for Censored Traits Via Fixed Effect Functional Regressions (2016)

Genetic studies of survival outcomes have been proposed and conducted recently, but statistical methods for identifying genetic variants that affect disease progression are rarely developed. Motivated by our ongoing real studies, here we develop Cox proportional hazard models using functional regression (FR) to perform gene-based association analysis of survival traits while adjusting for covariates. The proposed Cox models are fixed effect models where the genetic effects of multiple genetic variants are assumed to be fixed. We introduce likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistics to test for associations between the survival traits and multiple genetic variants in a genetic region. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed Cox RF LRT statistics have well-controlled type I error rates. To evaluate power, we compare the Cox FR LRT with the previously developed burden test (BT) in a Cox model and sequence kernel association test (SKAT), which is based on mixed effect Cox models. The Cox FR LRT statistics have higher power than or similar power as Cox SKAT LRT except when 50%/50% causal variants had negative/positive effects and all causal variants are rare. In addition, the Cox FR LRT statistics have higher power than Cox BT LRT. The models and related test statistics can be useful in the whole genome and whole exome association studies. An age-related macular degeneration dataset was analyzed as an example.
Au–Pd Core–Shell Nanoparticles Catalyze Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions in Water through Pd Leaching (2011)

Weg von der Oberfläche: Nanopartikel (NPs) aus 16 nm großen Au-Kernen und Pd-Schalen unterschiedlicher Dicke katalysieren Suzuki-Miyaura-Kreuzkupplungen in Wasser bei Raumtemperatur. NPs mit einer Schalendicke von 2–5 Pd-Monoschichten sind katalytisch am aktivsten. Die Katalyse resultiert wohl aus dem Austritt von Pd-Spezies aus den NPs durch die synergistische Wirkung der Carbonatbase und der Arylboronsäure. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cocoa to Improve Walking Performance in Older People With Peripheral Artery Disease (2020)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02876887. Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
Laminins protect from inflammation. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;A–B&lt;/b&gt;) Histological views of colon tissue (stained with PAS) and expression of LMα5 and LMα1 on cryosections of colon from parental, Tg-&lt;i&gt;lama5&lt;/i&gt; or Tg-&lt;i&gt;lama1&lt;/i&gt; mice untreated or treated with DSS. This showed that both chains were ectopically expressed in the glandular crypt region in the transgenic animals (arrows) and that LMα1 expression was further extended by DSS treatment. (&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;) Inflammatory scores (mean +/− SEM; n = 5) assessed on the Swiss-roll of the colon and rectum of transgenic &lt;i&gt;lama5&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;lama1&lt;/i&gt; animals (black columns) as compared to controls (grey columns), all treated with DSS. (&lt;b&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;) Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (mean +/− SEM; n = 6) measured by ELISA in protein extracts from distal colon of DSS-treated parental (grey columns) and DSS-Tg-&lt;i&gt;lama1&lt;/i&gt; or DSS-Tg-&lt;i&gt;lama5&lt;/i&gt; (black columns) mice. Data were normalized to the mean of parental values as levels of cytokines turned out to be mouse strain-dependent. Statistical differences were compared to parental mice. e: epithelial cells; lp: &lt;i&gt;lamina propria&lt;/i&gt;; mm: &lt;i&gt;muscularis mucosae&lt;/i&gt;. Nuclei are visualized with DAPI. *&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05, **&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01. Scale bars: 50 µm.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimized performance III-nitride-perovskite-based heterojunction photodetector via asymmetric electrode configuration (2020)

Organometal halide perovskite photodetectors have recently drawn significant attention due to their excellent potential to perform as broadband photodetectors. However, the photoresponse in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum can be improved by introducing wide bandgap semiconductors. In this work, we report on a methylammonium lead iodide/p-type gallium nitride (MAPI/p-GaN) heterojunction photodetector. We demonstrate that the device is capable of detecting in the UV region by p-GaN being hybridized with MAPI. We further investigate different symmetric and asymmetric metal-electrode contacts to enhance the device performance including the response time. The asymmetric electrode configuration is found to be the most optimal configuration which results in high photoresponse (photo-responsivity is 55 mA W<sup>-1</sup> and fall time < 80 ms). As the light illumination occurs through the GaN side, its presence ultimately reduces MAPI degradation due to efficient absorption of the UV photons by GaN film.
Muscleblind-like 1 interacts with RNA hairpins in splicing target and pathogenic RNAs (2020)

The MBNL and CELF proteins act antagonistically to control the alternative splicing of specific exons during mammalian postnatal development. This process is dysregulated in myotonic dystrophy because MBNL proteins are sequestered by (CUG)n and (CCUG)n RNAs expressed from mutant DMPK and ZNF9 genes, respectively. While these observations predict that MBNL proteins have a higher affinity for these pathogenic RNAs versus their normal splicing targets, we demonstrate that MBNL1 possesses comparably high affinities for (CUG)n and (CAG)n RNAs as well as a splicing target, Tnnt3. Mapping of a MBNL1-binding site upstream of the Tnnt3 fetal exon indicates that a preferred binding site for this protein is a GC-rich RNA hairpin containing a pyrimidine mismatch. To investigate how pathogenic RNAs sequester MBNL1 in DM1 cells, we used a combination of chemical/enzymatic structure probing and electron microscopy to determine that MBNL1 forms a ring-like structure which binds to the dsCUG helix. While the MBNL1 N-terminal region is required for RNA binding, the C-terminal region mediates homotypic interactions which may stabilize intra- and/or inter-ring interactions. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for dsCUG-induced MBNL1 sequestration and highlight a striking similarity in the binding sites for MBNL proteins on splicing precursor and pathogenic RNAs.