gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in liquid crystalline optical fiber systems for pressure monitoring (1998)

Progress in practical realizations of liquid crystalline optical fiber system for pressure monitoring is presented. This includes presentation of a compact prototype fiber optic liquid crystalline hydrostatic pressure sensor based on twisted nematic liquid crystalline cells operating in the Mauguin limit and also preliminary characteristics of the all-fiber liquid crystalline pressure sensor utilizing fibers in which liquid crystals are used as the fiber core. Potential areas of applications of the liquid crystalline fiber optic system are specially dedicated to pipe-lines, mining instrumentation, and process-control technologies.
Circadian rhythm in atopic dermatitis—Pathophysiology and implications for chronotherapy (2017)

Circadian rhythm is a biological clock that controls a wide range of physiological functions throughout the body, including various skin functions. A 24-h diurnal cycle, governed by an endogenous clock in the brain, largely controls cutaneous diurnal rhythm, which external factors, including temperature, humidity, diet, and stress, also modulate locally. Circadian rhythm influences cutaneous blood flow and properties of skin barrier function, such as transepidermal water loss and capacitance, and has important implications in atopic dermatitis (AD). This review explores how aberrations in circadian rhythm may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD and proposes implementation of chronotherapy to improve treatment outcomes in patients with AD.
Compact thermal modeling of hot spots in advanced 3D-stacked ICs (2009)

This paper presents a new generic methodology used to determine a parameterized compact thermal model for 3-D stacked integrated circuits (3D-SIC). The method allows to calculate the thermal distribution due to hot spots in the die stack. This approach is applied to different case studies of stacked dies configurations. In order to demonstrate the method, a fully generic non-uniform heat sources ¿grid¿ with grid size of 100 ¿m has been considered. With this approach it is possible to derive an easy-to-use, fast prediction tool that, together with a user friendly graphical interface, allows to obtain the temperature distribution in the dies with good accuracy. Parameters such as the structure geometry, the thermal properties of the materials involved and the effects of the presence of a package resistance are investigated. It is demonstrated that this tool can be used for a fast optimization for the structural parameters, thus helping to design a 3-D die stack when a need for thermal management arises.
Testing of Candidate Batteries for Global Positioning System (1984)

Three lithium batteries proposed as candidates for use in the Global Positioning System are studied. The batteries are discharged at several rates and temperatures both before and after environmental testing. Batteries are heated inside a closed chamber until they vent. Samples of the vented gases are analyzed for components which might be toxic. The test results raise concerns about each of the proposed batteries.
Modélisation numérique des mouvements de flanc de l'Etna (Sicile, Italie) mis en évidence par interférométrie radar (2004)

Recent interferometric studies have evidenced large scale motions affecting the southern and southeastern flank of Mount Etna. These studies are based on ascending interferograms and few ERS scenes. In our study, we analyse more than 600 hundreds SAR interferograms for both ascending and descending satellites passes, recorded between September 1992 and August 2000. Our study reveals that, since March 1996, displacements along several faults located on the eastern and southeastern flank of the edifice have occurred. Displacement rates slowly decreased and motions stopped in august 1998. Assuming that both ascending and descending interferograms are insensitive to the northward component of displacements, we computed vertical and eastward components of displacements. This shows that the Mascalucia-Trecastagni-Tremestieri (MTT) and the Ragalna faults were undergoing horizontal displacement, consistent with a displacement of the eastern flank of the volcano to the east, and that the anticlinal ridge at the southern base of the volcano was being uplifted. Moreover, our study reveals that some segments of the faults were active between January 1999 and November 2000. In both case, the onset of displacements was synchronous with explosive volcanic events in the summit area, showing a link between creep along the faults and volcanic activity. Previously proposed geodynamical models differ mainly on the location of the southern and southwestern boundary of the mobile sector. The proposed boundaries are located in the area where displacements have been evidenced by interferometry. We use a 3D mixed boundary elements method in order to constrain the southern and horizontal boundaries of the eastern and southern sector, as well as the stress field responsible for the observed motions. The measured displacements are consistent with the activation of 2 different decollements, and a stress field varying with depth. The uplift along the anticlinal ridge south of the volcano is consistent with the N-S regional compression acting on a north dipping decollement with a depth varying from 2.5 km to 5 km below sea level. This decollement could be inherited from the Maghrebo-Appenine Chain. The ESE sliding of the Eastern flank is related with a shallower decollement limited by the Pernicana-Provenzana fault to the North and by the MTT faults to the south. This decollement is located in the sedimentary basement a few hundred meters below sea level. The driving force of the eastward instability could be gravitational forces and a regional E-W extension. We have also determined that the magmatic forces related with magma injection in the rift zones are not the driving forces for the eastern flank. Nevertheless, displacements created by magmatic forces are consistent with displacements observed on the western flank of the volcano and it is likely that magmatic forces provided the trigger to flank displacements to the east and southeast.
Reliability comparison of transmit/receive diversity and error control coding in low‐power medium access control protocols (2014)

Low‐power medium access control (MAC) protocols used for communication of energy constraint wireless embedded devices do not cope well with situations where transmission channels are highly erroneous. Existing MAC protocols discard corrupted messages which lead to costly retransmissions. To improve transmission performance, it is possible to include an error correction scheme and transmit/receive diversity. It is possible to add redundant information to transmitted packets in order to recover data from corrupted packets. It is also possible to make use of transmit/receive diversity via multiple antennas to improve error resiliency of transmissions. Both schemes may be used in conjunction to further improve the performance. In this study, the authors show how an error correction scheme and transmit/receive diversity can be integrated in low‐power MAC protocols. Furthermore, the authors investigate the achievable performance gains of both methods. This is important as both methods have associated costs (processing requirements; additional antennas and power) and for a given communication situation it must be decided which methods should be employed. The authors’ results show that, in many practical situations, error control coding outperforms transmission diversity; however, if very high reliability is required, it is useful to employ both schemes together.
156 A Live Microbicide Shows Efficacy in a Repeated Low Dose Challenge Model (2011)

Women worldwide are at significant risk for HIV infection, with the mucosa of the cervix and vagina serving as a major portal for HIV entry. There is a critical need for effective female-controlled methods to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV that are applicable to the developing world. The genetic engineering of commensal bacteria to secrete anti-viral proteins at the mucosal surface presents one possible solution; however, the ability of such potential live microbicides to block infection in a relevant animal model has not been tested. We examined the ability of a recombinant human vaginal strain of Lactobacillus jensenii secreting the potent HIV-1 inhibitor cyanovirin-N to protect Chinese rhesus macaques against repeated low-dose vaginal challenges with SHIV (SF162P3). We challenged 24 hr after the last administration of the L. jensenii microbicide, to provide a stringent test of the durability (coital-independence) of the microbicide. The challenge dose of SHIV was 300 TCID50, which results in a 30% infection rate per exposure. We performed six challenges in a total of 20 macaques; 12 were colonized with the microbicide, with 8 uncolonized controls. In the 12 colonized animals, we found that inoculated L. jensenii (microbicide) bacterial loads were consistently high, >105 CFU/swab. Importantly, when exposed repeatedly to a low dose of SHIV, L. jensenii microbicide-inoculated animals showed a 57% reduction in infection rate (p = 0.037). In addition, we found that the plasma viral loads were modestly reduced in animals that had been colonized with L. jensenii microbicide (P < 0.02). These data demonstrate the feasibility of a live microbicide as a potent a durable approach to block heterosexual transmission of HIV in humans.
Synthesis and characterization of new soluble multisite phase transfer catalysts and their catalysis in free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate aided by ultrasound—A kinetic study (2011)

Abstract Four different soluble phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) containing single, di, tri, and tetra active sites have been prepared and proved by FT‐IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass, elemental analysis, and conductivity measurement. The presence of the number of active sites in each catalyst was also been confirmed by determining their rate of polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using potassium peroxydisulfate (PDS) as a water soluble initiator in biphase medium. The comparative study reveals that the R p of MMA determined in the presence of PTC combined with ultrasound has shown twofold enhancement in the activity than PTC alone. The observed order of activity was found to be of single‐site &lt; di‐site &lt; tri‐site &lt; tetra‐site. Further, the thorough kinetic study of free radical polymerization of MMA has been investigated using superior tetra site viz., HBTAMPDTC and by varying the experimental parameters such as [MMA], [K 2 S 2 O 8 ], [MPTC], and the temperature. Based on the observed kinetic results and activation parameters, a suitable mechanism was proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
An ACACB Variant Implicated in Diabetic Nephropathy Associates with Body Mass Index and Gene Expression in Obese Subjects (2013)

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase B gene (ACACB) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2268388 is reproducibly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)-associated nephropathy (DN). ACACB knock-out mice are also protected from obesity. This study assessed relationships between rs2268388, body mass index (BMI) and gene expression in multiple populations, with and without T2DM. Among subjects without T2DM, rs2268388 DN risk allele (T) associated with higher BMI in Pima Indian children (n = 2021; p-additive = 0.029) and African Americans (AAs) (n = 177; p-additive = 0.05), with a trend in European Americans (EAs) (n = 512; p-additive = 0.09), but not Germans (n = 858; p-additive = 0.765). Association with BMI was seen in a meta-analysis including all non-T2DM subjects (n = 3568; p-additive = 0.02). Among subjects with T2DM, rs2268388 was not associated with BMI in Japanese (n = 2912) or EAs (n = 1149); however, the T allele associated with higher BMI in the subset with BMI≥30 kg/m(2) (n = 568 EAs; p-additive = 0.049, n = 196 Japanese; p-additive = 0.049). Association with BMI was strengthened in a T2DM meta-analysis that included an additional 756 AAs (p-additive = 0.080) and 48 Hong Kong Chinese (p-additive = 0.81) with BMI≥30 kg/m(2) (n = 1575; p-additive = 0.0033). The effect of rs2268388 on gene expression revealed that the T risk allele associated with higher ACACB messenger levels in adipose tissue (41 EAs and 20 AAs with BMI>30 kg/m(2); p-additive = 0.018) and ACACB protein levels in the liver tissue (mixed model p-additive = 0.03, in 25 EA bariatric surgery patients with BMI>30 kg/m(2) for 75 exams). The T allele also associated with higher hepatic triglyceride levels. These data support a role for ACACB in obesity and potential roles for altered lipid metabolism in susceptibility to DN.
High‐efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials via a shamrock‐shaped design strategy to enable OLEDs with external quantum efficiency over 38% (2023)

Abstract To achieve highly‐efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), great efforts have been devoted into constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with high horizontal dipole ratios (Θ // ). Here, we proposed a design strategy by integrating a rigid electron‐accepting oxygen‐bridged boron core with triple electron‐donating groups, which exhibited a “shamrock‐shape”, namely BO‐3DMAC and BO‐3DPAC. Benefiting from the rigid and large‐planar skeletons brought by shamrock‐shaped design, BO‐3DMAC and BO‐3DPAC exhibit high Θ // of 84%/70% and 93%/94% in neat/doped films, respectively, and finally furnish excellent external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 28.3% and 38.7% in 20 wt% doped OLEDs with sky‐blue emission, as well as adequate EQEs of up to 21.0% and 16.7% in nondoped OLEDs. This work unveils a promising strategy to establish high‐Θ // TADF emitters by constructing large‐planar molecular structures using shamrock‐shaped design.
CТРУКТУРА МОНО- И БИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ГЕТЕРОГЕННЫХ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ БЛАГОРОДНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ФЛЮИДНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И МЕТАЛЛО-ПАРОВОГО СИНТЕЗА (2012)

С помощью сверхкритического диоксида углерода (флюидный метод) и металло-парового синтеза (МПС) получены монометаллические нанокомпозиты, а сочетанием этих двух методов синтезированы биметаллические нанокомпозиты благородных металлов Pt, Au и оксидной матрицы -Al2O3. Методами малоуглового рентгеновского рассеяния (МУРР), просвечивающей электронной микроскопии (ПЭМ), рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа (РФА) и рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии (РФЭС) исследованы структура, концентрация и химическое состояние атома металла в композитах. Методом РФЭС показано нейтральное состояние атомов металлов в кластерах, а с помощью МУРР найдено их распределение по размерам, которое, как показано, диктуется размерами пор оксидных матриц и находится в пределах 150 нм. Полученные композиты показали себя эффективными катализаторами в реакции окисления СО в СО2.
A Mathematical Model for Fibroblast Growth Factor Competition Based on Enzyme (2005)

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for the competition of two species of fibroblast growth factor, FGF-1 and FGF-2, for the same cell surface receptor. We provide pathways for this interaction using experimental data obtained by Neufeld and Gospodarowicz reported in 1986 [9]. These pathways demonstrate how the interaction of two fibroblast growth factors affects cell proliferation. Upon development of these pathways, we use simulations in MATLAB and optimization to extrapolate the values of a variety of biochemical parameters imbedded within the model. Furthermore, it should be possible to use the model as the basis for a testable hypothesis. We explore this predictive ability with further simulations in MATLAB.
Yellow Fever Virus, but Not Zika Virus or Dengue Virus, Inhibits T-Cell Receptor–Mediated T-Cell Function by an RNA-Based Mechanism (2017)

The Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family is comprised of many important human pathogens including yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZKV), all of which are global public health concerns. Although the related flaviviruses hepatitis C virus and human pegivirus (formerly named GBV-C) interfere with T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by novel RNA and protein-based mechanisms, the effect of other flaviviruses on TCR signaling is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of YFV, DENV, and ZKV on TCR signaling. Both YFV and ZKV replicated in human T cells in vitro; however, only YFV inhibited TCR signaling. This effect was mediated at least in part by the YFV envelope (env) protein coding RNA. Deletion mutagenesis studies demonstrated that expression of a short, YFV env RNA motif (vsRNA) was required and sufficient to inhibit TCR signaling. Expression of this vsRNA and YFV infection of T cells reduced the expression of a Src-kinase regulatory phosphatase (PTPRE), while ZKV infection did not. YFV infection in mice resulted in impaired TCR signaling and PTPRE expression, with associated reduction in murine response to experimental ovalbumin vaccination. Together, these data suggest that viruses within the flavivirus genus inhibit TCR signaling in a species-dependent manner.
Power system damping enhancement via coordinated design of PSS &amp; TCSC in multimachine power system (2006)

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the enhancement of power system stability via coordinated design of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) and Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) in multimachine power system. The design problem of the proposed controllers is formulated as an optimization problem. Using the developed linearized power system model, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to search for optimal controllers' parameters settings that maximize the minimum damping ratio of all system eigenvalues. The proposed controller is evaluated on a multimachine power system. The nonlinear simulation results and eigenvalue analysis show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in damping power system oscillations.
Exploration of the close chemical space of tryptophan and tyrosinereveals importance of hydrophobicity in photo-CIDNP performances (2021)

Abstract. Sensitivity being one of the main hurdles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) can be gained by polarization techniques including Chemical Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (CIDNP). Kaptein demonstrated that in CIDNP the polarization arises from the formation and the recombination of a radical pair in a magnetic field. In photo-CIDNP of interest here the radical pair is between a dye and the molecule to be polarized. The polarization obtained is thereby dependent on a complex interplay between the two molecules and their physico chemical properties. Here, we explore photo-CIDNP with a set of ten tryptophan and tyrosine analogs and observe not only signal enhancement of two orders of magnitude for 1H at 600 MHz (corresponding to 10'000 times in measurement time), but also reveal that the hydrophobicity of the molecule appears to be an important factor in the polarisation extend. Furthermore, the small chemical library established indicate the existence of many photo-CIDNP active molecules.
Fate of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine in soil: Persistence and binding (1984)

Abstract The fate of the carcinogen 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) in soil was evaluated with regard to persistence and binding. A Brookston clay loam soil was amended with 4 or 40 ppm 14C-DCB and incubated under aerobic conditions for 32 weeks or under anaerobic conditions for 1 year. Mineralization occurred very slowly in aerobic soil and did not occur in anaerobic soil. Total 14C radioactivity in soil remained essentially constant during the incubations, demonstrating that volatile losses of DCB or DCB decomposition products did not occur in our incubation system. DCB was shown to bind strongly to soil. After 32 weeks of incubation, approximately 90% of the applied radioactivity remained in soil after extraction with ethyl acetate and methanol. The loss of solvent-extractable DCB occurred mostly in the first several weeks of incubation and was accompanied by an increase in alkali-extractable DCB. These data strongly suggest the formation of covalent linkages between DCB and soil humic components as the primary fate of DCB in the Brookston soil. The significance of humus-bound DCB residues as potential sources of future contamination is essentially unknown.
Reactivity of 1,3-Di-tert-butylaziri-dinones with Phenyl Substituents. A New Fragmentation of a-Lactams (1997)

Several isolable aziridinones with bulky substituents were prepared and their reactions with nucleophiles, i.e., methanol, sodium methoxide and benzylamine, were investigated.A novel fragmentation of aziridinones having a phenyl group on the C3 moiety was found. 1Aziridinone is one of the smallest heterocycles, and has been postulated as an intermediate in numerous 2 processes.Since the isolation of the first aziridinone, N-terr-butyl-3-phenylaziridinone, attempts have been made to find more stable aziridinones.So far, less than twenty aziridinones have been isolated and fully characterized.The fundamental reactivities of aziridinones are self-fragmentations and ring-opening by 3 nucleophilic reagents.Two pathways of decomposition have been reported for thermolysis of aziridinones.1-rert-Butyl-3.3-dimethylaziridinone(1) which possesses P-hydrogen for elimination undergoes slow decomposition even at room temperature to give N-rert-butylmethacrylamide (2) as the major product.Acetone (3) and [err-butyl isocyanide (4) are obtained as the minor products.It is assumed that the aziridinone rearranges to an iminolactone, which fragments further to give the ketone and the isocyanide.In aziridinones having no P-hydrogen, the isomerization to 2 cannot take place.The relative stability of 4 1,3-di-rerr-butyl-aziridinone (5) among the synthesized compounds is noteworthy.Aziridinones smoothly 4 react with various nucleophiles and the r a ~x i o n has k e n investigated in the case of relatively stable 5. 4Depending on the nucleophile, a strong selectivity is observed in the type of ring opening.Reactions with proton-containing nucleophiles such as water, alcohols and thiols, lead exclusively to the amides (6)
Acute effects of hypouricemia on endothelium, oxidative stress, and arterial stiffness: A randomized, double‐blind, crossover study (2021)

We hypothesized acute moderate and drastic reductions in uric acid concentration exert different effects on arterial function in healthy normotensive and hypertensive adults. Thirty-six adults (aged 58 [55;63] years) with or without primary hypertension participated in a three-way, randomized, double-blind, crossover study in which [placebo] and [febuxostat] and [febuxostat and rasburicase] were administered. Febuxostat and rasburicase reduce the uric acid concentration by xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition and uric acid degradation into allantoin, respectively. Endothelial function was assessed in response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, heating (with and without nitric oxide synthase inhibition) using a laser Doppler imager. Arterial stiffness was determined by applanation tonometry, together with blood pressure, renin-angiotensin system activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Uric acid concentration was 5.1 [4.1;5.9], 1.9 [1.2;2.2] and 0.2 [0.2;0.3] mg/dL with [placebo], [febuxostat] and [febuxostat-rasburicase] treatments, respectively (p < 0.0001). Febuxostat improved endothelial response to heat particularly when nitric oxide synthase was inhibited (p < 0.05) and reduced diastolic and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.008 and 0.02, respectively). The augmentation index decreased with febuxostat (ANOVA p < 0.04). Myeloperoxidase activity profoundly decreased with febuxostat combined with rasburicase (p < 0.0001). When uric acid dropped, plasmatic antioxidant capacity markedly decreased, while superoxide dismutase activity increased (p < 0.0001). Other inflammatory and oxidant markers did not differ. Acute moderate hypouricemia encompasses minor improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03395977, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03395977.