gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microtubule initiating proteins compose rootlet MTOCs ofpolytomella (1978)

Based on electron microscopic studies the control of microtubule assembly was originally postulated to reside with electron dense amorphous material localized at the ends of microtubules. These centers which are now more generally recognized as microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) appear to function in determining the spatial and temporal distribution of microtubules in many developing cell systems. In the alga Polytomella, amorphous material is found coating 8 flagella rootlets to form MTOCs which serve to initiate assembly of a highly patterned cytoskeletal network of microtubules fig. 1. The discovery of conditions for assembly of tubulin in vitro has made possible the reconstitution of an MTOC controlled microtubule assembly system in vitro. We have developed procedures for isolating intact rootlet MTOCs from Polytomella and more recently we have investigated the composition of rootlet MTOCs and the role of these MTOCs in the control of microtubule assembly using phosphocellulose purified tubulin protein.
Repression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A over-expression in glioblastoma cells using engineered zinc-finger transcription factors (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

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Angiogenesis is of critical importance to tumor progression and therefore is an attractive target in the treatment of cancer. The pro-angiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), a potent effector of angiogenesis, is over-expressed in a variety of human cancers including highly invasive brain tumors. In this study, we have applied engineered zinc-finger protein transcription factors (ZFP TFs) to the regulation of VEGF-A expression in human cancer cell lines. We show that ZFP TFs containing either the ligand-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptor or its viral relative vErbA are potent transcriptional repressors of VEGF-A expression. The engineered ZFP chimera specifically binds its target site within the VEGF-A promoter in vitro and in vivo and represses in a HDAC dependant manner via targeted deacetylation of promoter nucleosomes. The therapeutic relevance of ZFP-driven VEGF-A repression was addressed using the highly tumorigenic glioblastoma cell line U87MG. Despite the aberrant over-expression of VEGF-A in this cell line, engineered ZFP TFs were able to repress the expression of this gene by >20-fold. Furthermore, the levels of VEGF-A following ZFP TF-mediated repression were comparable to those of a non-angiogenic cancer line, U251MG, suggesting that this degree of repression would be sufficient to suppress tumor angiogenesis. The use of ZFP-mediated recruitment of alternative repression domains and activities which may confer long term, epigenetic repression; such as DNA methylation, histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and HP1 recruitment in the repression of VEGF-A transcription will also be discussed.
Effect of the Side‐Chain‐Distribution Density on the Single‐Conjugated‐Polymer‐Chain Conformation (2013)

The spatial arrangement of the side chains of conjugated polymer backbones has critical effects on the morphology and electronic and photophysical properties of the corresponding bulk films. The effect of the side-chain-distribution density on the conformation at the isolated single-polymer-chain level was investigated with regiorandom (rra-) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene) (P3HTV). Although pure P3HTV films are known to have low fluorescence quantum efficiencies, we observed a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity by dispersing P3HTV in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which enabled a single-molecule spectroscopy investigation. With single-molecule fluorescence excitation polarization spectroscopy, we found that rra-P3HTV single molecules form highly ordered conformations. In contrast, rra-P3HT single molecules, display a wide variety of different conformations from isotropic to highly ordered, were observed. The experimental results are supported by extensive molecular dynamics simulations, which reveal that the reduced side-chain-distribution density, that is, the spaced-out side-chain substitution pattern, in rra-P3HTV favors more ordered conformations compared to rra-P3HT. Our results demonstrate that the distribution of side chains strongly affects the polymer-chain conformation, even at the single-molecule level, an aspect that has important implications when interpreting the macroscopic interchain packing structure exhibited by bulk polymer films.
Optimization in Medicine and Biology (2008)

Thanks to recent advancements, optimization is now recognized as a crucial component in research and decision-making across a number of fields. Through optimization, scientists have made tremendous advances in cancer treatment planning, disease control, and drug development, as well as in sequencing DNA, and identifying protein structures. Op
Four Steps to Optic Nerve Regeneration (2010)

The failure of the optic nerve to regenerate after injury or in neurodegenerative disease remains a major clinical and scientific problem. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons course through the optic nerve and carry all the visual information to the brain, but after injury, they fail to regrow through the optic nerve and RGC cell bodies typically die, leading to permanent loss of vision. There are at least 4 hurdles to overcome in preserving RGCs and regenerating their axons: 1) increase RGC survival, 2) overcome the inhibitory environment of the optic nerve, 3) enhance RGC intrinsic axon growth potential, and 4) optimize the mapping of RGC connections back into their targets in the brain.
Characterization of an l-arabinose isomerase from theLactobacillus plantarumNC8 strain showing pronounced stability at acidic pH (2007)

Gene araA encoding the l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Lactobacillus plantarum NC8 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. It encodes a polypeptide of 474 residues having 55% identities with l-AIs from Bacillus stearothermophilus US100 and Thermus sp. IM6501. The active form of the purified recombinant l-AI NC8 enzyme is a hexamer composed of six identical 55-kDa subunits. The purified enzyme was optimally active at 60 degrees C and pH 7.5. It required divalent cations such as Co(2+) and Mn(2+) for maximal activity and thermostability. The l-AI NC8 was exceptionally active and stable at acidic pH. Indeed, it exhibited 68% of its maximal activity at pH 5.5 and retained 89% of activity after a 24-h incubation at pH 5. The apparent K(m) values of the enzyme for l-arabinose and d-galactose were 43.4 and 69.7 mM, respectively, and its catalytic efficiency was c. 10-fold higher for the physiological substrate l-arabinose (15.5 mM(-1) min(-1)) than d-galactose (1.6 mM(-1) min(-1)). The bioconversion yield of d-galactose to d-tagatose by the purified l-AI NC8 after 6 h at 60 degrees C was 30%.
Cleaning of silicon surfaces by argon microwave multipolar plasmas excited by distributed electron cyclotron resonance (1993)

The cleaning of single-crystal silicon with an argon plasma produced by a microwave multipolar reactor has been studied as a function of the ion energy striking the surface (in the range 25–135 eV), the substrate temperature, and the ion dose. Two treatments have been applied. In the first one, the substrate is kept at room temperature, and the effect of the ion energy is studied before and after an anneal at 700 °C under high vacuum conditions. In the second case, the substrate is heated at 700 °C during the plasma treatment. In situ analysis (spectroscopic ellipsometry over the wavelength range 0.2–0.9 μm, low-energy electron diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy) and ex situ analysis (atomic force microscopy) allow us to define the surface state of the substrate and to follow its evolution as a function of the different parameters. We have shown that it is feasible to obtain a silicon surface exempt of contaminants (carbon and oxygen) by plasma treatment, even at low ion energy (&amp;lt;100 eV). However, the treated surface always shows a residual roughness due to the ion bombardment. The surface roughness increases with ion energy and treatment temperature. In the best case, the perturbed layer is still of the order of 30 Å. The temperature plays an important role as it can either increase or reduce the plasma-induced roughness according to the operating mode.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐ION TEMPLATE EFFECTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYDENTATE SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS. PART 1. COMPLEXES OF A POTENTIALLY OCTADENTATE N6O2 LIGAND AND THE CRYSTA AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A TEN‐COORDINATE BARIUM(II) COMPLEX (1980)

Abstract Die Reaktion von 2,6‐Diacetylpyridin mit 1,8‐Diamino‐3,6‐diazaoctan im Verhältnis 1:1 in Gegenwart einer äquimolaren Menge von Ba‐ oder Sr‐perchlorat in MeOH bei Raumtemp. liefert nach 30‐60 min die Komplexe (I).
Monolithically integrated nonlinear interferometers for all-optical switching (2002)

We report on the development of monolithically integrated InGaAsP active/passive waveguide interferometers for all-optical switching including both Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder configurations.
Surgical Approach Impacts Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Outcomes After Proximal Hamstring Repair (2017)

The current study provides data that can be used in discussing the risks and benefits of surgical repair with patients and when weighing the pros and cons of using a gluteal crease versus longitudinal incision.
The Electrophoretic Forming of Beta‐Alumina Ceramic (1975)

The forming or shaping of beta‐alumina ceramic is usually difficult with conventional ceramic processing. In this paper, electrophoretic deposition is shown to be an operationally simple, rapid, and reliable technique for forming a wide range of beta‐alumina shapes required in electrochemical devices. The following topics are discussed in detail: the basis for selection of a suitable vehicle for holding beta‐alumina particles in suspension, the control of electric charge on the particles, the milling of starting powder to provide a small particle size with minimum contamination by wear of the grinding media, the deposition procedure, and the removal of electrophoretic deposits from forming mandrels. Finally, some properties are given for sintered ware formed by electrophoretic deposition.
Specific Amyloid β Clearance by a Catalytic Antibody Construct (2015)

Classical immunization methods do not generate catalytic antibodies (catabodies), but recent findings suggest that the innate antibody repertoire is a rich catabody source. We describe the specificity and amyloid β (Aβ)-clearing effect of a catabody construct engineered from innate immunity principles. The catabody recognized the Aβ C terminus noncovalently and hydrolyzed Aβ rapidly, with no reactivity to the Aβ precursor protein, transthyretin amyloid aggregates, or irrelevant proteins containing the catabody-sensitive Aβ dipeptide unit. The catabody dissolved preformed Aβ aggregates and inhibited Aβ aggregation more potently than an Aβ-binding IgG. Intravenous catabody treatment reduced brain Aβ deposits in a mouse Alzheimer disease model without inducing microgliosis or microhemorrhages. Specific Aβ hydrolysis appears to be an innate immune function that could be applied for therapeutic Aβ removal.
PO-491 Frequent mTORC1 activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas correlates with favourable clinical outcome (2018)

Introduction The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway has emerged as one of the most frequently deregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), making it very attractive for molecular-targeted therapies. Numerous alterations of various upstream and downstream components have been described; however, their prognostic significance and impact on HNSCC patient survival remains to be established. Material and methods We performed a comprehensive study to investigate the prognostic significance of multiple genetic and biochemical alterations in key players of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (i.e. PIK3CA and AKT1 mutations and immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, PDK1, p-AKT, PTEN and p-S6) using an unbiased cohort of 93 consecutive and homogeneous surgically treated HNSCC patients. Results were validated in an independent cohort of 432 HNSCC patients. Results and discussions Our findings reveal the high prevalence of S6 phosphorylation, a surrogate marker of mTORC1 activation, in HNSCC specimens (>70%) and, more importantly, demonstrate its relevance on clinical outcome. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on either Ser235/236 or Ser240/244 was consistently and significantly correlated with favourable prognosis, although with differences depending on the tumour site. Thus, p-S6 expression was significantly correlated with better disease-specific survival specifically in the subgroup of laryngeal carcinoma patients (p Conclusion Taken together, this study unveils an unprecedented correlation of mTOR activation with improved clinical outcome in patients with laryngeal carcinomas and uncovers the potential of p-S6 expression as a good prognostic biomarker and an inverse predictor of lymph node and distant metastases. These results should be of broad interest as immunohistochemical detection of p-S6 may help to stratify patients and guide treatment decisions.
Quantum chemical calculation studies on interface charge transfer between electrode and polyethylene under electrical stress (2014)

The mechanism of charge injection, the interface charge transfer between LDPE and SC (semi-conductive) or Al electrode, was investigated by using the density function theory (DFT) of Gaussian 09. The electric dipole layer between electrode (Al or SC) and LDPE is created after contact because Fermi levels between the LDPE and electrodes are difference. As the barrier height of hole injection (φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Bh</sub> =1.29 eV) is low at the interface between SC electrode and LDPE, it can explain the experimental result of the positive charge injection from anode into the LDPE under the electric stress of 100 kV/mm. On the other hand, though the barrier height of electron injection (φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Be</sub> =5.40 eV) is high at the interface between Al electrode and LDPE, the barrier height for electron was decreased by forming the reversal of electric double layers under higher electric stress. It can also explain the experimental result of the negative charge injection from Al cathode into the LDPE under above the electric stress of 150 kV/mm.
Selenoprotein N‐related myopathy: a retrospective natural history study to guide clinical trials (2020)

This comprehensive analysis of patients with Selenoprotein N-related myopathy further describes the clinical course of this rare condition. The observed functional motor and respiratory data provide evidence of the slow decline patients experience over time which is useful when considering therapeutic intervention.
Noise characterization uncertainty of microwave devices under low current operation (2003)

An automated source reflection coefficient synthesizer combined with a mechanical output tuner was used in conjunction with gage capability studies for the characterization of the noise parameters of GaAs MESFETs and planar-doped pseudomorphic MODFETS operating at low currents (I/sub ds/<1 mA). The net repeatability and reproducibility (99% confidence interval for the test) of the measurement system were established at +or-0.2 dB and +or-1.4 DB for the minimum noise figure and associated gain, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of 2′-Spiro Ribo- and Arabinonucleosides (2003)

Four conformationally restricted bicyclic 2'-spiro nucleosides were synthesised and incorporated into oligonucleotides. These spiro nucleotides induced decreased duplex thermostabilities.
Coupled-cavity erbium fiber lasers incorporating fiber grating reflectors (1993)

Narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber lasers of monolithic multiple linear cavity configurations that use intracore fiber grating reflectors are demonstrated. Robust single-frequency operation of a miniature coupled-cavity fiber laser with a linewidth of 30 kHz is reported. A novel multiple-cavity erbium fiber laser with simultaneous dual single-frequency lasing is also demonstrated. A 16-kHz linewidth and a frequency separation of 59 GHz with a stability of better than 3 MHz were achieved in this dual-frequency laser.
Resurgence of Nutritional Rickets Associated with Breast-Feeding and Special Dietary Practices (1980)

Ten cases of nutritional rickets seen over a 10-month period are reviewed. The salient clinical features are summarized, and the striking association with unsupplemented breast-feeding, fad diets, and lack of immunizations is discussed. The importance of recognizing such associated practices for purposes of early diagnosis and intervention is stressed.
Structural Effects in the Indanedione Skeleton for the Design of Low Intensity 300–500 nm Light Sensitive Initiators. (2013)

Newly synthesized indanedione derivatives combined with an iodonium salt, N-vinylcarbazole, amine, phenacyl bromide, or 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine have been used as photoinitiating systems upon very low visible light intensities: blue lights (e.g., household blue LED bulb at 462 nm) or even a halogen lamp exposure. One of them (ID2) is particularly efficient for cationic, radical and thiol–ene photopolymerizations as well as for the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs). It can be useful to overcome the oxygen inhibition. ID2 based photoinitiating systems can also be selected for the reduction of Ag+ and the in situ formation of Ag(0) nanoparticles in the synthesized polymers. The (photo)chemical mechanisms are studied by electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, laser flash photolysis, and steady state photolysis techniques.
Sleep disturbances associated with cigarette smoking (2013)

Sleep disturbances resulting in insufficient sleep have been linked to negative physical, cognitive, and public health outcomes. Despite this, there has yet a study that examines the impact of smoking on sleep in a US based national sample. The current study sought to observe sleep disturbances associated with smoking status. Sleep disturbances in adults aged 20 years and above, from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were measured among current, former, and never smokers (NS). Current smokers (CS) reported significantly less total sleep time, longer sleep onset latency, increased difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep, and waking up earlier than desired when compared to NS. Former smokers reported disturbances similar to NS and CS experienced poorer sleep than nonsmokers. Our study is the first to observe sleep difficulty by smoking status in a large, population-based, nationally representative sample. Recommendations for smoking cessation programs are discussed.
Dynamical resonance can account for seasonality of influenza epidemics (2004)

Influenza incidence exhibits strong seasonal fluctuations in temperate regions throughout the world, concentrating the mortality and morbidity burden of the disease into a few months each year. The cause of influenza's seasonality has remained elusive. Here we show that the large oscillations in incidence may be caused by undetectably small seasonal changes in the influenza transmission rate that are amplified by dynamical resonance.
Compact pulse generator for nanosecond electroperturbation of biological cells (2004)

The design of a compact, 8 kV pulse generator with subnanosecond rise time is presented. The pulse generator is used for the study of biological systems. The load is a cuvette with 1 mm electrode gap, having an impedance of about 10 ohms. The design is based on a capacitive PFN (pulse forming network) with distributed capacitance and printed circuit trace inductance. A small atmospheric pressure air spark gap is used as the switching device, and is overvolted to achieve subnanosecond switch rise time. The resonant charging circuit employs four parallel 100 A MOSFET switches and is capable of repetitively delivering 8 kV to the PFN within 350 ns. Proper balancing of the primary transformer currents in the four MOSFETs is essential for reliable operation and will be discussed.
Current Evidence about Neem Extracts, the Molecules and Physiological Mechanisms Their Nutritional Components Interact with (2019)

Plant-based alternative medicine is normally grounded on empiric cultural perception, as the main objective, these practices intent to either maintain good health or to provide a route to turn-the-tide on a specific disease or ailment. Amongst the thousands of plants that have been used and studied, Neem (Azadirachta indica) seems to have a very interesting tale to tell, since its properties to ward-off certain diseases have overtime, and in a rigorous way, been proven. The preceding concise review is a collection of some of the most relevant studies today, not only focusing on the health benefits obtained by its use, but digging into the molecular mechanisms of how the properties come about. In particular, we take a look over antioxidant properties and how these mediate and mitigate important molecules such as IL-6 and TNF-, leading the way in reducing systematic damage by oxidative stress. Further, we relate this oxidative reduction to other systemic diseases such as cancer and diabetes, as these are currently becoming the most rampant killers. As of yet not all is known about the different ways of extracting or the total composition of an extract, as these may be from different parts of the plant. Therefore, we also allude to an important cautionary view where toxicological effects and conflicting outcomes arise. Overall, presented results show a great potential for the different extracts of Neem as their antioxidant activity can be taken advantage off, and potentially used in modern medicine.
68.1: Novel Light‐Scattering Glass Substrate for the Enhancement of OLED Lighting Out‐coupling Efficiency (2012)

Abstract Out‐coupling efficiency of 2.1 times higher than reference was obtained by using novel light‐scattering substrate with white OLED. The substrate utilizes a scattering layer made of high refractive index glass matrix and ceramic particles for the enhancement of out‐coupling efficiency combined with a surface coating layer for the leakage suppression. This structure enables high performance OLED lighting devices without losing reliability.
Oscillatory Transpiration and CO2 Exchange of Citrus Leaves at the CO2 Compensation Concentration (1977)

Abstract CO 2 and H 2 O vapor exchange were measured by enclosing citrus ( Citrus sinensis cv. Sour Orange) leaves in a temperature controlled transparent leaf chamber. Introduction of dry air into the closed circuit gas flow caused cyclic oscillation in CO 2 and H 2 O vapor exchange. It is suggested that oscillation in the CO 2 exchange at the CO 2 compensation concentration is due to oscillation in non‐stomatal resistance to CO 2 . Three types of oscillation were observed: 3–6 min (peak to peak) in young leaves, 30 min in mature leaves, and 160 min in old leaves.