gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of high pressure machine decocting process for Dachengqi Tang using HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design (2014)

Using Dachengqi Tang (DCQT) as a model, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box-Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box-Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 °C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa; then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box-Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
KBi(IO3)3(OH) and NaBi(IO3)4: from the centrosymmetric chain to a noncentrosymmetric double layer (2019)

Two new alkali-metal bismuth iodates KBi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH) (1) and NaBi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (2) have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method via tuning of alkali-metal ions. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P1[combining macron] and features a [Bi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)]<sub>n</sub> chain with eight-membered Bi-O-I-O-Bi-O-I-O rings. The [Bi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)]<sub>n</sub> chain consists of paddlewheel-like dimeric Bi<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> units linked by IO<sub>3</sub> pairs. Compound 2 in the polar space group Cc features a [Bi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> double layer with Bi<sub>4</sub>I<sub>4</sub> eight-membered rings (8-MRs). NaBi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> exhibits a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response of ∼5.0 × KDP (KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) and a wide transmittance window (0.4-12 μm), and structure analyses and theoretical calculations reveal that polarization results mainly from the proper alignment of the IO<sub>3</sub> groups. The calculated electronic structure based on the DFT method indicates that the BiO<sub>n</sub> and IO<sub>3</sub> groups dominate their optical properties.
Development and Application of Functional Polyimide Particles (2008)

ポリイミド微粒子は優れた耐熱性,機械的性質,耐薬品性を有する。そのため長期的に安定した性能を維持する。また,微粒子表面への官能基の導入や機能性材料による修飾が可能である。今後,ポリイミド微粒子は各種先端分野のキーマテリアルになると期待できる。本稿では,ポリイミド微粒子の調製方法と応用技術について紹介する。
β-Glucan-Mediated Tumor Immunotherapy - Mechanism of Action and Perspectives (2011)

The beneficial properties of &amp;#946;-glucan in cancer therapy have been recognized for centuries. Their proposed mechanism of action occurs mainly via stimulation of macrophages and priming of neutrophil complement receptor 3 (CR3) for eliciting CR3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized tumor cells. Recent studies revealed that &amp;#946;-glucans may also promote anti-tumor T cell responses. Thus, &amp;#946;-glucan-mediated tumor immunotherapy may engage both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune reponses to restrain tumor progression. In this Chapter, we will describe the mechanism of action of &amp;#946;-glucan in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the available data from current &amp;#946;-glucan clinical trials. The potential challenges for this therapy will be also discussed. It is proposed that a biological response modifer &amp;#946;-glucan can serve as a potent adjuvant to specifically modulate both the innate and adaptive immune cells.
Crosstalk based Fine-Grained Reconfiguration Techniques for Polymorphic Circuits (2018)

Truly polymorphic circuits, whose functionality/circuit behavior can be altered using a control variable, can provide tremendous benefits in multi-functional system design and resource sharing. For secure and fault tolerant hardware designs these can be crucial as well. Polymorphic circuits work in literature so far either rely on environmental parameters such as temperature, variation etc. or on special devices such as ambipolar FET, configurable magnetic devices, etc., that often result in inefficiencies in performance and/or realization. In this paper, we introduce a novel polymorphic circuit design approach where deterministic interference between nano-metal lines is leveraged for logic computing and configuration. For computing, the proposed approach relies on nano-metal lines, their interference and commonly used FETs. For polymorphism, it requires only an extra metal line that carries the control signal. In this paper, we show a wide range of crosstalk polymorphic logic gates and their evaluation results. We also show an example of a large circuit that performs both the functionalities of multiplier and sorter depending on the configuration signal. A comparison is made with respect to other existing approaches in literature, and transistor count is benchmarked. For crosstalk-polymorphic circuits, the transistor count reduction range from 25% to 83% with respect to various other approaches. For example, polymorphic AOI21-OA21 cell show 83%, 85% and 50% transistor count reduction, and Multiplier-Sorter circuit show 40%, 36% and 28% transistor count reduction with respect to CMOS, genetically evolved, and ambipolar transistor based polymorphic circuits, respectively.
Defending against redirect attacks in mobile IP (2002)

The route optimization operation in Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6) allows direct routing from any correspondent node to any mobile node and thus eliminates the problem of "triangle routing" present in the base Mobile IP Version 4 (MIPv4) protocol. Route optimization, however, requires that a mobile node constantly inform its correspondent nodes about its new care-of addresses by sending them binding update messages. Unauthenticated or malicious binding updates open the door for intruders to perform redirect attacks, i.e., malicious acts which redirect traffic from correspondent nodes to locations chosen by intruders. How to protect binding update messages to defend against redirect attacks is a challenging problem given the open environment in which MIPv6 operates. In this paper, we first look at two solutions proposed by the IETF Mobile IP Working Group and point out their weaknesses. We then present a new protocol for securing binding update messages. We also show that our protocol achieves strong security and at the same time is highly scalable to wide spread deployment.
Effect of hypoxia on fluid filtration rate during forward and reverse perfusion of isolated rabbit lungs (1982)

Fluid filtration rate (FFR) was measured under predominantly zone 3 conditions in isolated rabbit lungs perfused at constant flow. During forward perfusion, alveolar hypoxia produced a significant increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and a significant decrease in FFR. During reverse perfusion, alveolar hypoxia produced a similar increase in the pressure gradient across the lung, but a significant increase in FFR. It is concluded that the pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by alveolar hypoxia occurs predominantly on the arterial side of the pulmonary circulation.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled crotamiton (1982)

Abstract The synthesis of 14 C‐labelled crotamiton, which is a fungicide, an insecticide as well as a scabicide is described. Starting from 2‐bromonitrobenzene and Cu 14 CN, o ‐toluidine, labelled with 14 C at the methyl group was prepared by the following sequence of reactions: NO 2 ‐C 6 H 4 ‐Br → NO 2 ‐C 6 H 4 ‐ 14 CN → NO 2 ‐C 6 H 4 ‐ 14 COOH → NO 2 ‐C 6 H 4 ‐ 14 CH 2 OH → NO 2 ‐C 6 H 4 ‐ 14 CH 2 Br → NH 2 ‐C 6 H 4 ‐ 14 CH 3 . Labelled o ‐toluidine was then heated with crotonic anhydride to give crotonic acid o ‐toluidide which was then ethylated by treatment with sodium hydride and ethyl iodide to obtain labelled crotamiton.
The Up‐Regulation of Endosomal‐Lysosomal Components in Amyloid β‐Resistant Cells (1999)

The abundance of amyloid beta peptide (A beta) and the selective loss of neurons are characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. However, subpopulations of brain cells survive, including neurons near A beta-rich plaques. The surviving neurons may have gene expression profiles that allow them to be resistant to A beta toxicity. Here we use the differential display technique to compare the profiles of gene expression in an A beta-resistant cell line with its parental cells. Prominent among the changes are two components of the endosomal-lysosomal system, insulin growth factor II receptor/mannose-6-phosphate receptor and arylsulfatase B. Both are more highly expressed in the A beta-resistant clone, and arylsulfatase is inducible by A beta and hydrogen peroxide. Another lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, is also up-regulated in A beta-resistant cells. These results are consistent with the observation that the endosomal-lysosomal system is highly activated in Alzheimer's disease brains, and they raise the possibility that the high expression of endosomal-lysosomal components is important for neuronal survival in the presence of A beta.
Segmentation par coupes de graphe avec a priori de forme Application à l'IRM cardiaque (2014)

Segmenting the cardiac ventricles on MR Images is required for cardiac function assessment. This task is difficult, especially for the right ventricle (RV), due to the fuzziness of the boundaries of the cavities, intensity irregularities and its complex and variable shape. This is probably one of the reasons why RV functional assessment has long been considered secondary compared to that of the left ventricle (LV), leaving the problem of RV segmentation wide open. For this purpose, we proposed and developed two segmentation methods based on graphcuts (GC), in which we have incorporated a shape prior. The first method, semi-automatic, is based on a statistical prior map build from a Principal Component Analysis, integrated in the GC. The second, automatic, enables multi-object segmentation from a probabilistic shape model based on the registration and the fusion of atlases. These methods have been evaluated on a large database of cardiac MRI, consisting of 48 patients. We have compared our methods with the state of the art methods for this application through the RV segmentation challenge MICCAI'12 we organized and have shown the effectiveness of our methods.
A novel knock out strategy to enhance recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli (2020)

Abstract Background The expression of recombinant proteins triggers a stress response which downregulates key metabolic pathway genes leading to a decline in cellular health and feedback inhibition of both growth and protein expression. Instead of individually upregulating these downregulated genes or improving transcription rates by better vector design, an innovative strategy would be to block this stress response thereby ensuring a sustained level of protein expression. Results We postulated that the genes which are commonly up-regulated post induction may play the role of signalling messengers in mounting the cellular stress response. We identified those genes which have no known downstream regulatees and created knock outs which were then tested for GFP expression. Many of these knock outs showed significantly higher expression levels which was also sustained for longer periods. The highest product yield (Y p/x ) was observed in a BW25113Δ cysJ knock out (Y p/x 0.57) and BW25113Δ elaA (Y p/x 0.49), whereas the Y p/x of the control W3110 strain was 0.08 and BW25113 was 0.16. Double knock out combinations were then created from the ten best performing single knock outs leading to a further enhancement in expression levels. Out of 45 double knock outs created, BW25113Δ elaA Δ yhbC (Y p/x 0.7) and BW25113Δ cysJ Δ yhbC (Y p/x 0.64) showed the highest increase in product yield compared to the single gene mutant strains. We confirmed the improved performance of these knock outs by testing and obtaining higher levels of recombinant asparaginase expression, a system better suited for analysing sustained expression since it gets exported to the extracellular medium. Conclusion Creating key knock outs to block the CSR and enhance expression is a radically different strategy that can be synergistically combined with traditional methods of improving protein yields thus helping in the design of superior host platforms for protein expression.
Capture-division packet access for wireless personal communications (1996)

This paper presents a new architecture for the third-generation mobile systems, capture-division packetized access (CDPA), that overcomes most of the limitations of present cellular systems. It addresses the three main issues of radio access, namely the channel reuse, the multiple access, and the handover problems, in complete adherence to packet-switching principles. The CDPA channel reuse mechanism is a completely new alternative with respect to time-division, frequency-division, or code-division multiple-access (TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA, respectively), which achieve communication parallelism by subdividing the bandwidth a priori among cells. In CDPA, a single frequency channel is used and parallel transmissions are achieved through the "capture" capability of receivers. The hybrid reservation-polling multiple access mechanism used in CDPA is able to integrate any kind of traffic and guarantees almost immediate retransmission of packets that are not captured, thus assuring their correct reception. Finally, the packet-switching approach allows connectionless communications with any base station (BS), and eliminates the need for extra radio traffic in managing handovers. This turns out to be very effective in local area systems where the required high bandwidth is obtained by using a pico-cell structure. We present the CDPA architecture, discuss some implementation issues, and evaluate its performance under a variety of system parameters and operating conditions, using analytical and simulation methods.
What’s in This Book and Why? (2022)

Abstract Multimedia forensics is a societally important and technically challenging research area that will need significant effort for the foreseeable future. While the research community is growing and work like that in this book demonstrates significant progress, many challenges remain.
Slaughtering process in different countries (2014)

There are many slaughter methods prevalent throughout the world are administered either by religions or cultures. This paper reviews the relevant aspects of ritual and traditional slaughter methods in different countries around the world. Ritualistic or religious slaughter often requires the animal to be in a state of consciousness at the time it is bled. According to the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) halal slaughtering process of an animal involves restraining, stunning (if used) and severing of trachea, esophagus and both the carotid arteries and jugular veins. In Shariah law, slaughtering is not a normal matter in which humans act independently as they wish,but it is rather a matter of worship which Muslims must adhere by in its provisions. It is important for scientists to understand that the main reason for the observance of the Islamic faith is to follow the Divine Orders. “Kosher” is the term applied to the procedures and techniques of slaughter as well as the products derived therefrom under the Jewish faith, if done according to the laws of the religion. In the Hebrew language, Kosher means fit to be used as food. The regulations governing Kosher slaughter are derived from Hebrew traditions. Under these the animals are to be fully conscious, killed and blend thoroughly by one clean stroke of the knife. Sikh Slaughter (Jhakta) process is practised mainly under Sikhism, a religious faith which is an offshoot of Hinduism centred in the Punjab, India. The method is limited only to sheep and goats (Cattle are regarded as sacred by Sikhs and Hindus and are therefore not eaten). In the process, the head of the animal is tied to a pole, the hind legs are stretched out and tied by hand to another pole on the opposite side. The head is chopped off with a single stroke of a heavy sharp blade. After this, the animal body is dressed for use. Slaughter process practicing in USA, Europe and China is that the stunned animals must be hanging by shackling below the hock of one hind leg and hoisting the animal (head down) before bleeding. The actual bleeding operation is made by sticking or inserting the sticking knife through the neck behind the jaw bone and below the first neck bone to let out blood. The noticeable feature of African traditional slaughter is that the sheep or goat is first securely held on its back on the ground by two or three men while the mouth is grabbed tight and drawn backwards to stretch the neck. The slaughterer then cuts the throat with a series of strokes half-way deep into the neck. Blood is allowed to drain off until the animal (still tightly held) is motionless or dies. Ritualistic slaughter procedure cannot change but may be modified, yet the other procedures mostly which is practiced in the developed countries can changed.
Condition Assessment of a Historic Trout Rearing Station in Upper Michigan (2017)

School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science maintains a log cabin on the north branch of the Otter River in southern Houghton County (Portage Township), Michigan. The cabin was built in 1934-1935 and measures 150 m 2 . The cabin's location is less than 10 m from the river, and when combined with the region's high snowfall (5+ m per year) and subsequent spring melting, is highly susceptible to occasional flooding and subsequent water damage and decay.
Phase-Morphology Map of Polymer-Blend Thin Films Confined to Narrow Strips (2001)

Upon lateral confinement, a critical polymer-blend film at 200 degrees C has been directed to form tube, capsule, confined domain, and multiple domain configurations. A phase-morphology map is produced by varying the confinement width ( W) and film thickness ( h(0)), and interpreted using a single pore model. Using the known correlation length, capsule length, and W, the boundary, in terms of W/h(0), between configurations is predicted and found to be in good agreement with experiment. This morphology map has potential applications for microencapsulating drugs and self-assembled conducting wires.
Spray Additive Deposition Study 1985 (1986)

Abstract Tests were conducted in Northeast LA to determine the influence of Triton CS-7 on spray coverage with aerial application. Droplet density per cm2 was used to evaluate coverage. Deposition in the cotton canopy was evaluated by placing fifteen 48-inch high deposit card holders in each of two 20-acre test plots in cotton 50-60 inches tall, planted on 40-inch rows. The holders were placed in the drill, arranged in a straight line on every 3rd row, making a 140-ft perpendicular collection area to the direction of the aircraft. Krome kote cards were attached at ground level, 20 inches mid-canopy, and 48 inches above ground. A 0.33% Agmark P2 dye was added to the treatments for a droplet marker. Deposition analysis for a clear open area, was made at the airport. Cards were placed at ground level, 2 ft on center from 80 ft right and left of the flight line for swath testing. Swath tests were made with and without Triton CS-7. The test airplane was an Ag Cat A (39 ft 1 inch Wingspan, 600HP) equipped with 22 D6-46 and 23 D-46 disc and core nozzles that were turned straight down and operated at 20 psi. Computed finished spray rate was 2.25 gal/acre, airspeed 115 mph. The swath tests and canopy tests were made 8 Aug. Insecticide performance data were collected from the test field during regular season applications made on 12 Jul, 17 Jul, 20 Jul, and 8 Aug.
Using High Precision Tracer Test to Identify the Concentrated Runoff Channel in Mine Areas with Karst Water – Example of Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine, China (2013)

Identifying the concentrated runoff channel is critical to prevent groundwater in mining area with karst water. In Fankou mining area, seven groups of high precision tracer tests were carried out using GGUN-FL30 and GGUN-FL20 field fluorescence, to identify concentrated runoff channels. The results indicated that the largest concentrated runoff channel of karst water distributed along the f1 and f2 faults; the second largest concentrated runoff channel of karst water distributed among the E-F curtain; the third concentrated runoff channel of karst water distributed among the H-I curtain; and the F-G-H curtain has good water plugging effect.
Suppression of dynamic laser speckle signals in multimode fibers of various lengths (2004)

The effects of fiber coupling and fiber length on photocurrent fluctuations are studied when the light of a laser diode transmitted to and from a dynamic turbid medium by a step-index multimode fiber is studied. When the laser light is coupled asymmetrically, filling only the higher-order modes, the photocurrent fluctuations are suppressed significantly when fiber lengths of as much as 16 m are added between the laser and the medium. Addition of as much as 16 m of detection fiber, or any fiber in the case of symmetric light coupling, leads to much less or no suppression of the photocurrent fluctuations.
Enantioselective Arylation of Oxindoles Using Modified BI-DIME Ligands (2018)

The Pd-catalyzed 3-arylation of 2-oxindoles with aryl bromides, chlorides and triflates is found to proceed using i-Pr-BI-DIME and Me2-BI-DIME ligands. The mono-arylation of 3-unsubstituted oxindoles is accomplished using a Pd2(dba)3/i-Pr-BI-DIME catalyst system, and gives good yields of 3-aryloxindoles from aryl bromides and chlorides. The arylation of 3-substituted oxindoles is also possible using this catalyst/ligand system. The asymmetric arylation of 3-substituted oxindoles is accomplished using Me2-BI-DIME to furnish oxindoles bearing a quaternary C-3 stereocenter in enantiomeric ratios of up to 93:7.
A SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR PATHOLOGICAL VOICE ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS (2016)

A software system for pathological voice analysis using only the resources of a personal computer with a sound card is proposed. The system is written on the basis of specific methods and algorithms for pathological voice analysis and allows evaluation of: 1) Pitch period (To); 2) Degree of unvoiceness; 3) Pitch perturbation and amplitude perturbation quotients; 4) Dissimilarity of surfaces of the pitch pulses; 5) Ratio aperiodic/periodic components in cepstra; 6) Ratio {energy in the cepstral pitch pulse}-to-{total cepstral energy}; 7) Harmonics-to-noise ratio; 8) Degree of hoarseness; 9) Ratio low-to-high frequency
Applications of Miniature Coil, Pulsed-Field Techniques to Studies of Magnetic Phase Transitions (1963)

A miniature coil, pulsed-field technique is described in which magnetic fields above 100 kOe can be easily obtained in 20- to 40-μsec pulse lengths. Detailed description is given of the apparatus. The use of such pulsed fields in study of antiferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic transitions in Mn1.90Cr0.10Sb is described. The transition latent heat in Mn1.90Cr0.10Sb is found to be 0.35 cal/mole°C from these measurements. Critical fields for ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transitions in holmium and dysprosium are determined with this technique. The transition entropy change in dysprosium is found to be 2.59×104 ergs/g°C. Spin flopping is observed in Mn1.84Cr0.16Sb between 20° and 85°C. The anisotropy field of the canted spin state in Mn1.84Cr0.16Sb is found to be of the order of 103 Oe. Pulsed field measurements of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions are discussed. It is shown how this technique can be used to determine Curie temperatures of such transitions. Curie temperatures of 16° and 118°C are found, respectively, for gadolinium and CrO2.