gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the measurement range of an optical surface profiler. (1988)

This dissertation investigates a method for extending the measurement range of an optical surface profiling instrument. The instrument examined in these experiments is a computer-controlled phase-modulated interference microscope. Because of its ability to measure surfaces with a high degree of vertical resolution as well as excellent lateral resolution, this instrument is one of the most favorable candidates for determining the microtopography of optical surfaces. However, the data acquired by the instrument are restricted to a finite lateral and vertical range. To overcome this restriction, the feasibility of a new testing technique is explored. By overlapping a series of collinear profiles the limited field of view of this instrument can be increased and profiles that contain longer surface wavelengths can be examined. This dissertation also presents a method to augment both the vertical and horizontal dynamic range of the surface profiler by combining multiple subapertures and two-wavelength techniques. The theory, algorithms, error sources, and limitations encountered when concatenating a number of profiles are presented. In particular, the effects of accumulated piston and tilt errors on a measurement are explored. Some practical considerations for implementation and integration into an existing system are presented. Experimental findings and results of Monte Carlo simulations are also studied to explain the effects of random noise, lateral position errors, and defocus across the CCD array on measurement results. These results indicate the extent to which the field of view of the profiler may be augmented. A review of current methods of measuring surface topography is included, to provide for a more coherent text, along with a summary of pertinent measurement parameters for surface characterization. This work concludes with recommendations for future work that would make subaperture-testing techniques more reliable for measuring the microsurface structure of a material over an extended region.
Multi-agent framework for distributed systems (2005)

With the development of Internet, the environment of distributed systems is very different from that of traditional ones. Due to the diversity and heterogeneity in terms of the types of client devices and network connections that people use to access the systems as well the special needs and preferences that end users might have, system adaptability, interoperability, reusability and reliability, etc., are very complex and difficult to solve. Agent and agent-based computing provide the natural and valid means for building complex distributed applications and are becoming a powerful paradigm for designing and developing complex software systems. We address some of fundamental challenges in supporting large-scale distributed system: adaptability, interoperability, reusability and reliability, and a multi-agent framework is proposed for constructing those systems.
Location Privacy-Preserving Channel Allocation Scheme in Cognitive Radio Networks (2016)

As participants of intelligent networks, secondary users should first act as sensors to detect wireless environment to get available spectrum. However, to get more accurate sensing data and access idle spectrum with higher probability in cognitive radio networks, secondary users have to share positions with other entities such as fusion centers, which may raise serious privacy concerns if these positions are not protected adequately. In this paper, to make full use of idle spectrum with low probability of location leakage, we propose a Location Privacy-Preserving Channel Allocation (LP-p CA) scheme. The scheme can conceal identities of secondary users and cut off the relationship between secondary users' location and register data in database (DB) while using random sequence and self-coexistence mechanism of agents. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can satisfy users' personal location privacy concerns and maximize spectrum utility synchronously.
Synthesis of [1,3]Thiazolo[5,4‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxamides. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mortality Risk in Selenium-Deficient HIV-Positive Children (1999)

Objective: To determine the independent contribution of specific nutritional factors on disease progression and survival in HIV-1-infected children. Population: HIV-infected children (N = 24), who were perinatally exposed to the virus and symptomatic, were recruited between October and December of 1990 from the Jackson Memorial Pediatric Immunology Clinic, Miami, Florida, and observed for 5 years. Methods: Immune status was measured by CD4 cell count; nutritional status was determined using serum albumin and plasma trace elements including iron, zinc, and selenium. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship of these parameters to survival. Use of antiretroviral treatment was considered in the statistical model, and age at death was considered a parameter of disease progression. Results: Over the course of the study, 12 children died of HIV-related causes. The final Cox multivariate analysis indicated that, of the variables evaluated, only CD4 cell count below 200 (risk ratio [RR] = 7.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-26.5); p = .004], and low levels of plasma selenium (RR = 5.96; 95% CI, 1.32-26.81; p = .02) were significantly and independently related to mortality. Among the children who died, those with low selenium levels (≤85 μg/L), died at a younger age, suggesting more rapid disease progression. Conclusions: In pediatric HIV-infection, low plasma level of selenium is an independent predictor of mortality, and appears to be associated with faster disease progression.
Mitochondrial oxygen affinity predicts basal metabolic rate in humans (2011)

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is referred to as the minimal rate of metabolism required to support basic body functions. It is well known that individual BMR varies greatly, even when correcting for body weight, fat content, and thyroid hormone levels, but the mechanistic determinants of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we show in humans that mass-related BMR correlates strongly to the mitochondrial oxygen affinity (p50(mito); R(2)=0.66, P=0.0004) measured in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria. A similar relationship was found for oxygen affinity and efficiency during constant-load submaximal exercise (R(2)=0.46, P=0.007). In contrast, BMR did not correlate to overall mitochondrial density or to proton leak. Mechanistically, part of the p50(mito) seems to be controlled by the excess of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) protein and activity relative to other mitochondrial proteins. This is illustrated by the 5-fold increase in p50(mito) after partial cyanide inhibition of COX at doses that do not affect maximal mitochondrial electron flux through the ETS. These data suggest that the interindividual variation in BMR in humans is primarily explained by differences in mitochondrial oxygen affinity. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of a trade-off between aerobic efficiency and power.
Real-time life logging via a depth silhouette-based human activity recognition system for smart home services (2014)

A real-time life logging system that provide monitoring, recording and recognition of daily human activities using video cameras offers life-care or health-care services at smart homes. Such a vision-based life logging system can provide continuous monitoring and recording of a resident's daily activities from which one can obtain behavior patterns of daily life events and improve the quality of life especially for the elderly. This paper presents a real-time life logging system via depth imaging-based human activity recognition. A depth imaging device is utilized to obtain depth silhouettes of human activities. Then from the silhouettes, human body points information gets extracted and used in activity recognition, producing life logs. The system is composed of two key processes; one is training of the life logging system, and the other is running the trained life-logging system to record life logs. In the training process, the system includes the data collection from a depth camera, extraction of body points features from each depth silhouette and finally training of the activity recognizer (i.e., Hidden Markov Models). Then, after training, one can run the trained system which recognizes learned activities and store life logs in real-time. The proposed approach is evaluated against the life logging system that uses the conventional principal components (PC) and Radon transform features of depth silhouettes and achieves superior recognition rate. Real-time experimental results show the feasibility and functionality of the implemented system which could be used to generate life logs of human activities at smart homes.
Spectral Geometry Processing (2009)

ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA Course Notes
Financial markets’ deterministic aspects modeled by a low-dimensional equation (2022)

We ask whether empirical finance market data (Financial Stress Index, swap and equity, emerging and developed, corporate and government, short and long maturity), with their recently observed alternations between calm periods and financial turmoil, could be described by a low-dimensional deterministic model, or whether this requests a stochastic approach. We find that a deterministic model performs at least as well as one of the best stochastic models, but may offer additional insight into the essential mechanisms that drive financial markets.
The perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ future careers (2023)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold> : The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted medical education on multiple levels, and medical students have been forced to adjust to distance learning, altered clinical opportunities, and standardized testing inconsistencies. We sought to identify the effects of these dramatic deviations on medical students’ career plans. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold> : We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of medical students between July 13, 2020, and September 9, 2020 in order to assess the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ career decisions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results</ns4:bold> : Of the 585 eligible medical students, we had a final sample of 76 responses (n=76) (13% response rate). Students felt neutral regarding having more time to explore research projects (Mean ± SD; 3.06 ± 1.18) and hobbies (3.43 ± 1.28). Most survey respondents somewhat disagreed that they considered quitting medical school during the pandemic (1.55 ± 1.10). Students somewhat agreed that they view the field of medicine more positively since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (3.60 ± 1.09). Respondents somewhat agreed that they would be unable to explore other specialties and find their best fit (3.55 ± 1.32). We found that the minority (4/66, 6%) of students had considered changing their specialty. Students felt neutral in terms of their Step 1 (3.25 ± 1.05) or Step 2 (2.81 ± 1.02) score deterring them from future career opportunities. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions</ns4:bold> : Most medical students have experienced barriers in their career pathway as a direct cause of COVID-19 restrictions on medical education, including the ability to explore different specialties to discover their best fit or find a chance to network with mentors. However, despite these obstacles, most students remain committed to medicine. </ns4:p>
Short Notices (1957)

Short Notices Get access E. F. JACOB E. F. JACOB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXII, Issue CLXXXIV, July 1957, Pages 533–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXII.CLXXXIV.533 Published: 01 July 1957
Glutathione Deficiency in HIV-1-Infected Children with Short Stature (2021)

Abstract Objective This study was aimed to determine if glutathione (GSH) deficiency occurs in children with HIV infection and whether GSH deficiency is associated with HIV-related short stature. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with two age-matched comparison groups in an inner city hospital-based pediatric AIDS/HIV outpatient clinic. Ten perinatally HIV-infected children aged 6 to 49 months with short stature (height–age percentile ≤5) were studied together with age-matched 10 HIV-infected children with normal height and 10 HIV-seronegative children with normal height. Total erythrocyte GSH (GSH and GSH disulfide) levels were determined by a modification of the 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid glutathione disulfide reductase method. Other measures included complete blood counts, lymphocyte subset analysis, plasma albumin, cholesterol, vitamins A and E, and determination of HIV disease stage. Discussion Erythrocyte GSH levels were lower in HIV-infected children with short stature (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 0.639 µmol/mL ± 0.189) compared with HIV-infected children with normal height (mean ± SD: 0.860 µmol/mL ± 0.358; p &lt; 0.05) and HIV-negative controls (mean ± SD: 0.990 µmol/mL ± 0.343; p &lt; 0.05). Plasma levels of cholesterol, albumin, and vitamins A and E did not differ between the short-stature group and either the HIV-infected normal-height group or HIV-negative controls. Conclusion These results demonstrate a GSH deficiency in HIV-infected children with short stature and support the hypothesis that GSH balance is important in growth among HIV-infected children.
Online analysis of respiratory parameters in fed-batch fermentation process for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. (2013)

A method for online analysis of respiratory parameters in fermentation process for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp.was developed by detecting the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas online using exhaust gas analyzer.Online analysis of the respiratory parameters in fed-batch fermentation process and two-stage oxygen supply fed-batch process was accomplished.The theoretical explanation for the improvement of biomass,lipids and DHA content was made by using respiratory parameter online analysis,providing theoretical guidance for the two-stage oxygen supply process.In addition,according to the change of respiratory parameters in different growth periods of fermentation process,the online automatic feeding control method based on changes in respiratory quotient was built and a RQ-Stat feeding process was designed.The fermentation results of lipids and DHA content and DHA productivity were increased by 11.58%,12.19%,and 11.40%,higher than that of the pulse feeding process.
TACI deficiency enhances antibody avidity and clearance of an intestinal pathogen (2014)

The transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) controls differentiation of long-lived plasma cells, and almost 10% of individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) express either the C104R or A181E variants of TACI. These variants impair TACI function, and TACI-deficient mice exhibit a CVID-like disease. However, 1%-2% of normal individuals harbor the C140R or A181E TACI variants and have no outward signs of CVID, and it is not clear why TACI deficiency in this group does not cause disease. Here, we determined that TACI-deficient mice have low baseline levels of Ig in the blood but retain the ability to mutate Ig-associated genes that encode antigen-specific antibodies. The antigen-specific antibodies in TACI-deficient mice were produced in bursts and had higher avidity than those of WT animals. Moreover, mice lacking TACI were able to clear Citrobacter rodentium, a model pathogen for severe human enteritis, more rapidly than did WT mice. These findings suggest that the high prevalence of TACI deficiency in humans might reflect enhanced host defense against enteritis, which is more severe in those with acquired or inherited immunodeficiencies.
Zur Rolle von EDA‐Komplexen bei kationischen Polymerisationen. IX. Zum Lösungsmitteleinfluß auf Die Komplexbildung des kationischen Kettenendes mit Monomeren (1982)

On the Role of EDA‐Complexes in Cationic Polymerization. IX. The Solvent Influence on the Complex Formation of Monomeres with Cationic Chain End The influence of solvents on CT‐interaction of carbenium ions with aromatic bπ‐donors (substituted stilbenes, benzenes and naphthalenes), using stable carbenium ions salts as model compounds (triphenyl methyl hexachlorantimonate and tropylium tetrafluoroborate), has been investigated by spectroscopic, calorimetric and conductometric methods. These data as well as conclusions from thermodynamic measurements indicate that the complex formation to be a competetion of the bπ‐donor with the counterion and/or the solvent, depending on the degree of dissociation.
Optical Burst Switching Router With 40-,10-Gb/s Bit-Rate Transparent Contention Resolution (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report a bit-rate transparent optical burst switching (OBS) router prototype using a fast 5 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex> </formula> 5 PLZT [(Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O<formula><tex>$_3$</tex></formula>] optical matrix switch. Dynamic switching in a two-wavelength, 2 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\times$</tex></formula> 2 OBS switch is demonstrated. Contention resolution using a tunable Mach–Zehnder interferometer wavelength converter for both 40- and 10-Gb/s bursts is demonstrated for the first time. Error-free operation was achieved for both bit rates under the same settings, as required in autonomous networks. </para>
Bone marrow-derived immature dendritic cells prime in vivo alloreactive T cells for interleukin-4-dependent rejection of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen-disparate cardiac allograft (2003)

Allogeneic immature DC generated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are potent stimulators of primary alloreactive response in vivo and prime for transplant rejection. Our results indicate that strategies based on immature DC for the induction of transplantation tolerance should be considered with caution.
Tuning N,N-Diarylanilinosquaraine Crystal Packing: n-Hexylaryl and Fluoroaryl Substitution (2019)

X-ray diffraction results for single crystals of N,N-diarylanilinosquaraines (SQ-TAAs) 2,4-bis(4-bis(p-R-phenyl)amino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)cyclobuta-1,3-diene-1,3-bis(olate) for R = F (SQ-TAA-F) and R = n-hexyl (SQ-TAA-C6) are reported. SQ-TAA-F (an ambipolar charge transporter) forms π-stacked dyads intercolated by cross-stacked molecules, a unique motif among the systems studied. Its [C]–H···F contacts induce this intermolecular packing and may account for its ambipolar charge transport behavior. SQ-TAA-C6 (a hole charge transporter) forms strongly slip-stacked 1-D chains aligned along molecular long axes. SQ-TAA-C6 exhibits packing of its conjugated core structure that is similar to those for SQ-TAAs with R = H and R = OH, which also exhibit qualitative hole transport properties. SQ-TAA-C6 has one n-hexyl group that is not fully extended, but all of its alkyl groups pack into alkyl rich planes that alternate with SQ-TAA core rich planes to form the overall lattice.
Vibrationally excited cyanoacetylene in the Orion molecular cloud (1982)

Three rotational transitions from the v7 vibrationally excited state of HC3N have been detected in the Orion molecular cloud, where v7 lies about 320 K above the ground state. It is suggested that the vibrationally excited lines are produced in the same region responsible for the prominent low velocity shoulder on the ground vibrational state HC3N emission lines. Upon mapping this ground state feature, its peak is found to be located near the IR source IRc2. The small source size and close proximity to strong IR radiation sources in the KL region make IR absorption an important mechanism in the excitation of HC3N's vibrational levels, and statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer calculations indicate that IR absorption provides a satisfactory explanation of the v7 observations for IR source color temperatures greater than 150 K and effective filling factors of 0.2-0.5.
The acid-active hemolysin of Trypanosoma cruzi (1990)

Determination du role membranolytique et du mecanisme d'action d'une proteine secretee par T. cruzi, active a pH acide
Picturing the future of food (2021)

Abstract High‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) has emerged as one of the most exciting and rapidly evolving spaces within plant science. The successful application of phenotyping technologies will facilitate increases in agricultural productivity. High‐throughput phenotyping research is interdisciplinary and may involve biologists, engineers, mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists. Here we describe the need for additional interest in HTP and offer a primer for those looking to engage with the HTP community. This is a high‐level overview of HTP technologies and analysis methodologies, which highlights recent progress in applying HTP to foundational research, identification of biotic and abiotic stress, breeding and crop improvement, and commercial and production processes. We also point to the opportunities and challenges associated with incorporating HTP across food production to sustainably meet the current and future global food supply requirements.
The sensitization of cough sensitivity through activation of C-and/or Aδ fibers (2008)

咳は痰を喀出するための反射である．咳のメカニズムは明らかにされていないことが多い．そのためにピンポイントに作用する薬剤がないのが現状である．現在までに明らかにされているメカニズムは複雑である．咳が出る現象について概略を説明すると，気道に炎症があったり，また分泌物が溜まったりすると排出させようとする反射が起きる，それが咳と考えられる．咳反射の中枢への伝達経路はAδという有髄線維によると考えられている．臨床的に鎮咳薬は，咳の末梢あるいは中枢内経路のどの部位を遮断することによって咳を抑制するかが問題となる．例えば，コデインのような中枢作用性の薬剤は咳のメカニズムの中で共通経路を遮断することより効果は大きい．しかし，本来止めてはならない咳も止めてしまう危険性がある．また，中枢抑制の薬剤であるため咳以外の中枢作用，眠気なども低下させる可能性を持つ．これらを考慮すると，中枢性の薬剤で咳を遮断することは好ましくなく，より選択的な手段で鎮咳をもたらすべきである．日本において，鎮咳剤と称されているものは中枢性の鎮咳剤しかない．薬理学的には末梢性鎮咳剤と呼ばれるものがあってしかるべきであるが，実際には認可されていない．その大きな理由としては，咳のメカニズムが明確に示されていなかったことが大きな理由であろう．本稿ではこれらの問題を解決する基礎的知見となるべき咳の咳反射の求心路であるAδ線維の興奮性調節機序，特にC線維を介した咳感受性亢進機序について概説したい．
Overvoltage analysis on submarine cables of atmospheric origin and due to switching operations (1997)

This paper presents the calculation results of internal overvoltages on the 35 kV submarine cables and an outlook to expected atmospheric overvoltages. Calculation results show that overvoltage factors do not exceed the following maximum values: overvoltages due to single-pole faults=2.53; overvoltages due to the connection of load=1.76; overvoltages due to the interruption of single-pole faults=1.63; and overvoltages due to load disconnection=1.00. By far the highest internal overvoltages are obtained in case of single-pole short-circuits. It should be noted that in that case, overvoltages are higher at lower load and at maximum faulted phase voltage. (5 pages)
Update in Asthma 2005 (2006)

Asthma, an enormously common illness, has been a focus of research studies, many published in the journals of the American Thoracic Society and/or American Lung Association for more than 100 yr (1). In 2005, ongoing research focused on several emerging areas, including studies on the use of biomarkers to understand the clinical phenotypes and activity of the asthma, a renewed interest in the role infections play in both acute and chronic phases of asthma, an increased appreciation of the role that structural cells play in the pathogenesis of asthma, as well as studies focusing on treatment of both pediatric and adult patients.