gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma plume propagation characteristics of pulsed radio frequency plasma jet (2011)

A 4 cm long helium cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet with pulsed radio frequency (rf) excitation was obtained by a copper electrode inside a quartz tube. The plasma bullet propagation characteristics common to the microseconds direct current pulse and kilohertz plasma jet is not observed in this case. The space-, time-, and wavelength-resolved optical emission profiles suggest the pulsed rf plasma channel out of the tube was strengthened by ions and metastables with longer life time than the rf period, and the plasma propagation was actually an illumination of the plasma channel caused by energetic electrons accelerated along the channel.
Engineering nanomolar peptide ligands that differentially modulate EphA2 receptor signaling (2019)

The EPH receptor A2 (EphA2) tyrosine kinase plays an important role in a plethora of biological and disease processes, ranging from angiogenesis and cancer to inflammation and parasitic infections. EphA2 is therefore considered an important drug target. Two short peptides previously identified by phage display, named YSA and SWL, are widely used as EphA2-targeting agents owing to their high specificity for this receptor. However, these peptides have only modest (micromolar) potency. Lack of structural information on the binding interactions of YSA and SWL with the extracellular EphA2 ligand-binding domain (LBD) has for many years precluded structure-guided improvements. We now report the high-resolution (1.53-2.20 Å) crystal structures of the YSA peptide and several of its improved derivatives in complex with the EphA2 LBD, disclosing that YSA targets the ephrin-binding pocket of EphA2 and mimics binding features of the ephrin-A ligands. The structural information obtained enabled iterative peptide modifications conferring low nanomolar potency. Furthermore, contacts observed in the crystal structures shed light on how C-terminal features can convert YSA derivatives from antagonists to agonists that likely bivalently interact with two EphA2 molecules to promote receptor oligomerization, autophosphorylation, and downstream signaling. Consistent with this model, quantitative FRET measurements in live cells revealed that the peptide agonists promote the formation of EphA2 oligomeric assemblies. Our findings now enable rational strategies to differentially modify EphA2 signaling toward desired outcomes by using appropriately engineered peptides. Such peptides could be used as research tools to interrogate EphA2 function and to develop pharmacological leads.
Quantification of triglyceride levels in fresh human blood by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2021)

We conducted a pilot clinical study to investigate ex vivo fresh human blood from 93 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The results indicated that terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) can be used to quantify triglyceride (TG) levels in human blood. Based on the TG concentrations and corresponding THz absorption coefficients, the Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the THz absorption coefficients have a significant negative linear correlation with TG concentration. Comparisons between the THz measurements at 0.2 THz and an automatic biochemical analyzer were performed using an additional 20 blood samples, and the results confirmed that the relative error was less than 15%. Our ex vivo human blood study indicates that the THz technique can be used to assess blood TG levels in clinical diagnostic practice.
Corrosivity of Chlorine Dioxide Used as Sanitizer in Ultrafiltration Systems (1991)

Abstract Chlorine dioxide is a very potent sanitizer in UF systems and other applications in which soil residues are frequent. Two sanitizers containing chlorine dioxide as the active ingredient were examined for their potential of corroding stainless steels used in the construction of UF systems. One sanitizer was an acidified solution of dilute sodium chlorite at pH 2.7; the other sanitizer was dilute chlorine dioxide (about 15ppm) in tap water. Stainless steel types 304 and 316 corroded rapidly when exposed to the acidified chlorite solution. Chlorine dioxide near neutral pH 7.2 was noncorrosive to both type 304 and 316 stainless steels at a concentration of 100ppm during 10 d of continuous exposure. This concentration is well above the typical use Concentration of 15ppm; typical use time span is 15min.
Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Salinosporamide A, (±)-Cinnabaramide A, and Derivatives via a Bis-cyclization Process:  Implications for a Biosynthetic Pathway? (2007)

4-Alkylidene-beta-lactones (hetero ketene dimers) and alpha-amino acids are useful precursors for total syntheses of the beta-lactone-containing proteasome inhibitors salinosporamide A, cinnabaramide A, and derivatives. A key step is a nucleophile-promoted, bis-cyclization of keto acids that simultaneously generates the gamma-lactam and beta-lactone of these natural products. This reaction sequence may have implications for the biosynthesis of these natural products.
Multi-axial mechanical properties of hydrogel-based materials upon finite strains: towards the design of tailored vocal-fold composite replicas (2020)

International audience
Six members of the mouse forkhead gene family are developmentally regulated. (1993)

The 110-aa forkhead domain defines a class of transcription factors that have been shown to be developmentally regulated in Drosophila melanogaster and Xenopus laevis. The forkhead domain is necessary and sufficient for target DNA binding as shown for the rat hepatic nuclear factor 3 (HNF3) gene family. We have cloned six forkhead gene family members from a mouse genomic library in addition to the mouse equivalents of the genes for HNF3 alpha, -beta, and -gamma. The six genes, termed fkh-1 to fkh-6, share a high degree of similarity with the Drosophila forkhead gene, having 57-67% amino acid identity within the forkhead domain. fkh-1 seems to be the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila FD1 gene, as the sequences are 86% identical. fkh-1 to fkh-6 show distinct spatial patterns of expression in adult tissues and are expressed during embryogenesis.
Synthesis of Phosphatidyl Glycerol Containing Unsymmetric Acyl Chains Using H-Phosphonate Methodology (2022)

Naturally occurring phospholipids, such as phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), are gaining interest due to the roles they play in disease mechanisms. To elucidate the metabolism of PG, an optically pure material is required, but this is unfortunately not commercially available. Our previous PG synthesis route utilized phosphoramidite methodology that addressed issues surrounding fatty acid substrate scope and glycerol backbone modifications prior to headgroup phosphorylation, but faltered in the reproducibility of the overall pathway due to purification challenges. Herein, we present a robust pathway to optically pure PG in fewer steps, utilizing H-phosphonates that features a chromatographically friendly and stable triethyl ammonium H-phosphonate salt. Our route is also amendable to the simultaneous installation of different acyl chains, either saturated or unsaturated, on the glycerol backbone.
Fatty acid synthesis and accumulation rates in daphniids (1990)

Abstract Fatty acid accumulation and synthesis rates were measured in two species of daphniid Cladocera, Daphnia magna and D. pulex , to determine what fraction of deposited fatty acids accumulated by these zooplankton species are dietary and what fraction are synthesized de novo. Fatty acid accumulation rates were measured as the increment in lipid weight during the adult third instar. Lipids were extracted, separated on chromarods, and quantified by flame‐ionization detection. Fatty acid synthesis rates were measured by exposing adult third‐instar females to [ 3 H] 2 O and [U‐ 14 C]‐acetate. Synthetic rate estimates using [U‐ 14 C]‐acetate were consistently less than estimates obtained by using [ 3 H] 2 O. Lipid content (percent of dry weight) from D. magna cultures supplied with high algal food (100,000 cells/ml) increased from 16.6% at the beginning of the third instar (eggs removed from brood pouch) to 22% at the beginning of the fourth instar (with eggs). The increase in lipid of D. pulex under identical conditions ranged from 19.8% to 30.6% total lipid and under low food conditions (4,000 cells/ml) ranged from 37% to 40% lipid. Accumulated fatty acids were associated largely with triacylglycerol (60–80% of accumulated lipid) or phospholipid (10–20% of accumulated lipid). Fatty acid accumulation for high‐food animals was 1,043 ng/hr/individual and 364 ng/hr/individual for D. magna and D. pulex , respectively. The corresponding fatty acid synthesis rates were 17 ng/hr/individual and 6 ng/hr/individual, respectively. Low‐food adults of D. pulex accumulated fatty acids at a rate of 192 ng/hr/individual and only synthesized fatty acids at a rate of 0.3 ng/hr/individual. Incorporated label was present in a slow turnover pool of complex polar lipids. Fatty acid synthesis contributes less than 2% of the accumulated total fatty acids in these daphniids.
Hemoglobin potentiates oxidant injury in isolated rat lungs (1991)

Isolated perfused rat lungs were subjected to oxidant injury induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-buOOH), which caused a significant increase in capillary permeability as assessed by the change in the capillary filtration coefficient. t-buOOH caused an increase in the change in the capillary filtration coefficient (delta Kfc) of 0.27 +/- 0.05 ml.min.cmH2O-1.100 g lung tissue-1 (mean +/- SE) that was accompanied by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive products of lipid peroxidation in the lung perfusate. The addition of hemoglobin to the perfusate potentiated t-buOOH-induced lung injury as evidenced by a significantly greater (P = 0.007) delta Kfc of 0.43 +/- 0.05. t-buOOH also caused hemoglobin to release large quantities of free iron in vitro. The potentiation of t-buOOH-induced lung injury by hemoglobin was prevented by apotransferrin as evidenced by a significant reduction (P = 0.001) in delta Kfc to 0.13 +/- 0.02. No statistically significant (P greater than 0.05) changes in segmental resistances or pulmonary vascular pressures occurred in any of the lungs injured with t-buOOH when compared with time controls. These results demonstrate that t-buOOH causes an oxidant injury in isolated rat lungs that can be potentiated by free iron released from hemoglobin.
First-principles determination of crystal structures, phase stability, and reaction thermodynamics in the Li-Mg-Al-H hydrogen storage system (2009)

First-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the crystal structures, thermodynamic stability, and decomposition pathways of Li-Mg-Al-H hydrogen storage compounds. We find that the recently discovered $\text{LiMg}{({\text{AlH}}_{4})}_{3}$ compound is stable with respect to solid-state decomposition into ${\text{LiAlH}}_{4}$ and $\text{Mg}{({\text{AlH}}_{4})}_{2}$; however, we also find that $\text{LiMg}{({\text{AlH}}_{4})}_{3}$ is unstable with respect to hydrogen release and decomposes exothermically into ${\text{LiMgAlH}}_{6}$, Al, and ${\text{H}}_{2}$ with a calculated $T=300\text{ }\text{K}$ enthalpy of $\ensuremath{-}7.3\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$, in excellent agreement with the weakly exothermic value of $\ensuremath{-}5\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$ obtained from differential scanning calorimetry measurements [M. Mamatha et al., J. Alloys Compd. 407, 78 (2006)]. ${\text{LiMgAlH}}_{6}$ is a stable intermediate, which has two competing endothermic decomposition pathways for ${\text{H}}_{2}$ release: one going directly into the binary hydrides of Li and Mg and the other proceeding via the formation of an intermediate ${\text{Li}}_{3}{\text{AlH}}_{6}$ phase, with room-temperature enthalpies of $+18.6$ and $+16.6\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$, respectively. Using database searching based on known crystal structures from the inorganic crystal structure database, we predict that the hypothetical ${\text{MgAlH}}_{5}$ compound should assume the orthorhombic ${\text{BaGaF}}_{5}$ prototype structure, in contrast to a previous DFT study of ${\text{MgAlH}}_{5}$, [A. Klaveness et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 094122 (2006)]. However, the decomposition enthalpy of ${\text{MgAlH}}_{5}$ is only weakly endothermic, $+1.1\text{ }\text{kJ}/(\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2})$, and therefore this compound is not expected to occur in the high-temperature decomposition sequence of Mg alanate. We also present a comprehensive investigation of the phonon spectra and vibrational thermodynamics of Li-Mg-Al-H compounds, finding that vibrations typically decrease reaction enthalpies by up to $10\text{ }\text{kJ}/\text{mol}\text{ }{\text{H}}_{2}$ at ambient temperatures and significantly lower reaction entropies.
Cutaneous Regeneration Mechanism of β-Sheet Silk Fibroin in a Rat Burn Wound Healing Model (2021)

Therapeutic dressings to enhance burn wound repair and regeneration are required. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein, induces cell migration and serves as a biomaterial in various dressings. SF dressings usually contain α-helices and β-sheets. The former has been confirmed to improve cell proliferation and migration, but the wound healing effect and related mechanisms of β-sheet SF remain unclear. We investigated the effects of β-sheet SF in vivo and in vitro. Alcohol-treated α-helix SF transformed into the β-sheet form, which promoted granulation formation and re-epithelialization when applied as lyophilized SF dressing (LSFD) in a rat burn model. Our in vitro results showed that β-sheet SF increased human dermal fibroblast (HDF) migration and promoted the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (fibronectin and type III collagen), matrix metalloproteinase-12, and the cell adhesion molecule, integrin β1, in rat granulation tissue and HDFs. This confirms the role of crosstalk between integrin β1 and ECM proteins in cell migration. In summary, we demonstrated that β-sheet SF facilitates tissue regeneration by modulating cell adhesion molecules in dermal fibroblasts. LSFD could find clinical application for burn wound regeneration. Moreover, β-sheet SF could be combined with anti-inflammatory materials, growth factors, or antibiotics to develop novel dressings.
Enhanced Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells by Functionalized 2D Boron Nitride Nanoflakes (2014)

We report boron nitride nanoflakes (BNNFs), for the first time, as a nanofiller for polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells. Utilizing the intrinsic mechanical strength of two-dimensional (2D) BN, addition of BNNFs even at a marginal content (0.3 wt %) significantly improves mechanical stability of the most representative hydrocarbon-type (HC-type) polymer electrolyte membrane, namely sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK), during substantial water uptake through repeated wet/dry cycles. For facile processing with BNNFs that frequently suffer from poor dispersion in most organic solvents, we non-covalently functionalized BNNFs with 1-pyrenesulfonic acid (PSA). Besides good dispersion, PSA supports efficient proton transport through its sulfonic functional groups. Compared to bare sPEEK, the composite membrane containing BNNF nanofiller exhibited far improved long-term durability originating from enhanced dimensional stability and diminished chronic edge failure. This study suggests that introduction of properly functionalized 2D BNNFs is an effective strategy in making various HC-type membranes sustainable without sacrificing their original adventurous properties in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Sorting Out the Sources in Scripture (2014)

To date, LDS scholars have largely ignored the important but rather complex questions about how primary sources may have been authored and combined to form the Bible as we have it today. David Bokovoy’s book, one of a projected series of volumes on the authorship of the Old Testament, is intended to rectify this deficiency, bringing the results of scholarship in Higher Criticism into greater visibility within the LDS community. Though readers may not agree in every respect with the book’s analysis and results, particularly with its characterization of the Books of Moses and Abraham as “inspired pseudepigrapha,” Bokovoy has rendered an important service by applying his considerable expertise in a sincere quest to understand how those who accept Joseph Smith as a prophet of God can derive valuable interpretive lessons from modern scholarship.
Optimized Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) E2 Glycoproteins and their Immunogenicity in Combination with MVA-HCV (2020)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major global health challenge and an efficient vaccine is urgently needed. Many HCV vaccination strategies employ recombinant versions of the viral E2 glycoprotein. However, recombinant E2 readily forms disulfide-bonded aggregates that might not be optimally suited for vaccines. Therefore, we have designed an E2 protein in which we strategically changed eight cysteines to alanines (E2.C8A). E2.C8A formed predominantly monomers and virtually no aggregates. Furthermore, E2.C8A also interacted more efficiently with broadly neutralizing antibodies than conventional E2. We used mice to evaluate different prime/boost immunization strategies involving a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the nearly full-length genome of HCV (MVA-HCV) in combination with either the E2 aggregates or the E2.C8A monomers. The combined MVA-HCV/E2 aggregates prime/boost strategy markedly enhanced HCV-specific effector memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses and antibody levels compared to MVA-HCV/MVA-HCV. Moreover, the aggregated form of E2 induced higher levels of anti-E2 antibodies in vaccinated mice than E2.C8A monomers. These antibodies were cross-reactive and mainly of the IgG1 isotype. Our findings revealed how two E2 viral proteins that differ in their capacity to form aggregates are able to enhance to different extent the HCV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, either alone or in combination with MVA-HCV. These combined protocols of MVA-HCV/E2 could serve as a basis for the development of a more effective HCV vaccine.
The Importance of Synchrony and Temporal Order of Visual and Tactile Input for Illusory Limb Ownership Experiences – An fMRI Study Applying Virtual Reality (2014)

In the so-called rubber hand illusion, synchronous visuotactile stimulation of a visible rubber hand together with one's own hidden hand elicits ownership experiences for the artificial limb. Recently, advanced virtual reality setups were developed to induce a virtual hand illusion (VHI). Here, we present functional imaging data from a sample of 25 healthy participants using a new device to induce the VHI in the environment of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. In order to evaluate the neuronal robustness of the illusion, we varied the degree of synchrony between visual and tactile events in five steps: in two conditions, the tactile stimulation was applied prior to visual stimulation (asynchrony of -300 ms or -600 ms), whereas in another two conditions, the tactile stimulation was applied after visual stimulation (asynchrony of +300 ms or +600 ms). In the fifth condition, tactile and visual stimulation was applied synchronously. On a subjective level, the VHI was successfully induced by synchronous visuotactile stimulation. Asynchronies between visual and tactile input of ±300 ms did not significantly diminish the vividness of illusion, whereas asynchronies of ±600 ms did. The temporal order of visual and tactile stimulation had no effect on VHI vividness. Conjunction analyses of functional MRI data across all conditions revealed significant activation in bilateral ventral premotor cortex (PMv). Further characteristic activation patterns included bilateral activity in the motion-sensitive medial superior temporal area as well as in the bilateral Rolandic operculum, suggesting their involvement in the processing of bodily awareness through the integration of visual and tactile events. A comparison of the VHI-inducing conditions with asynchronous control conditions of ±600 ms yielded significant PMv activity only contralateral to the stimulation site. These results underline the temporal limits of the induction of limb ownership related to multisensory body-related input.
Combining Ability for Yield, Percent Oil and Related Components in Safflower (1983)

General and specific combining ability variances and effects for nine characters related to yield and adaptability in safflower were studied in a diallel cross based on 8 parents in 1978 and 11 parents in 1979. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were present for all variables examined. However, additive genetic variancea were preponderent for plant height, flowering time, branch number, seed size and oil percent while non-additive variance was larger for yield and its principal components. The influence of environment were more pronounced on the additive than on non-additive component of genetic variation for all characters. Maternal influences were nearly non-existent for seed weight, oil percent and significant but less important for others. None of the parental lines proved best combiners for all the important attributes. Irrespective of the characters, parental performance servedas agood measure of their relative combining ability. Crosses between genetically diverse parents manifested substantial heterosis associated with large positive specific effects for yield and its components. The most productive and heterotic hybrid in the material outyielded the best standard check by as much as 42% in experiment 1 and 70% in experiment 2. The studies highlighted the utility of population breeding approaches and development of hybrids for attaining rapid and sustained genetic improvement in the yield potential of safflower.
Effect of polymorphism of uncoupling protein 3 gene -55 (C>T) on the resting energy expenditure, total body fat and regional body fat in Chinese. (2005)

The level of difference in REE caused by the polymorphism of promoter region of UCP3 -55(C>T) may play a role in energy metabolism in Chinese.