gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concluding Perspectives of Sequelae and Long-Term Consequences of Infectious Diseases-What's Next? (2014)

There are obstacles in establishing the concept that some infectious diseases may have sequelae with long-term consequences. This chapter overviews the sequelae of infectious agents, presents the economic burdens associated with these infections, and suggests future directions to progress this concept. Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause of death in the United States. Sequelae, of course, are the pathological conditions resulting from a prior disease. There are many chronic syndromes and diseases for which there is a suspicion of an infectious etiology. For example, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and possibly other pathogens could be triggers of inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease. Diarrheal diseases rank third among the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. Infections involving biofilms will likely have sequelae. Biofilms are a common cause of persistent infections. Here, bacteria attach and aggregate in polymeric matrixes on various mucosal surfaces.
Collaborating and Sharing Data in Epilepsy Research (2015)

Technological advances are dramatically advancing translational research in Epilepsy. Neurophysiology, imaging, and metadata are now recorded digitally in most centers, enabling quantitative analysis. Basic and translational research opportunities to use these data are exploding, but academic and funding cultures prevent this potential from being realized. Research on epileptogenic networks, antiepileptic devices, and biomarkers could progress rapidly if collaborative efforts to digest this "big neuro data" could be organized. Higher temporal and spatial resolution data are driving the need for novel multidimensional visualization and analysis tools. Crowd-sourced science, the same that drives innovation in computer science, could easily be mobilized for these tasks, were it not for competition for funding, attribution, and lack of standard data formats and platforms. As these efforts mature, there is a great opportunity to advance Epilepsy research through data sharing and increase collaboration between the international research community.
Thickness Dependence of WO3-xThin Films for Electrochromic Device Application (2014)

The phenomenon of color change in a particular material caused by an electrochemical reaction is called “electrochromism.” Since the discovery of the electrochromic phenomenon in tungsten oxide, amorphous WO3 is the most widely studied electrochromic material. Until now, WO3 remains the most promising candidate for electrochromic devices. Electrochromic devices can switch between two optical states (colored/bleached) by injection/extraction of ions and electrons, based on the modification of transmittance and reflectance that are induced by an applied external voltage. In this study, tungsten oxide (WO3-x) thin films were deposited onto an ITO-coated glass substrate by reactive facing-target sputtering, and their electrochromic properties studied as a function of film thickness. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the amorphous properties of all the WO3-x thin films prepared in this study. Of all the different samples prepared in this study, WO3-x thin film of thickness 500 nm exhibited the maximum coloration efficiency of 37.3 cm2/C.
Rapid Saline Infusion Produces Hyperchloremic Acidosis in Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery (1999)

Infusion of approximately 30 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1) saline during anesthesia and surgery inevitably leads to metabolic acidosis, which is not observed after administration of lactated Ringer's solution. The acidosis is associated with hyperchloremia.
Towards a New Thermal Monitoring Based Framework for Embedded CPS Device Security (2020)

This article introduces a thermal side channel as a proxy for the behavior of embedded processors to detect changes in the behavior in a cyber-physical system. Such changes may be due to software/hardware attacks and altered processors. Since control system processes are periodic computations, the thermal side channels exhibit a temporal pattern. This enables the detection of altered code and changed device characteristics. We present a machine learning approach to estimate the activity of the embedded device from the time sequence of thermal images and show that deviations from expected behavior can be detected. The approach is validated on a multi-core processor running a periodic computational code. The infrared imager collects thermal imagery from the processor, which is cooled from the backside. Instead of an external imager, one can deploy a finite number of on-chip temperature sensors. This article shows that integrating on-chip temperature sensors allows robust real-time monitoring of the processor behavior. Finally, we offer a machine learning approach to optimally place the on-chip sensors to aid detection.
Special issues on reservoir description (1992)

The past few years have seen a dramatic increase, supplementing the traditional role in exploration, in the use of geophysics in production and development applications. The 1990 Geophysical Activity Report (November 1991 TLE) estimates that development now accounts for about a fourth of total petroleum geophysical expenditures. Driving the increased emphasis on production and development geophysics is the trend towards improved recovery from existing fields which, as described in the recent paper by W.L. Fisher (December 1991 TLE), are estimated to account for more than half the future growth of reserves in the US. The improved recovery is a direct result of more accurate reservoir description.
Mn8Cluster with Ferrocene-1,1′-Dicarboxylate Ligation: Single-Molecule Magnetism with Multiple External Redox Centers (2013)

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties are reported of a new Mn8 cluster obtained from the reaction of ferrocene-1,1'-dicarboxylic acid (fdcH2) with [Mn12O12(O2CMe)16(H2O)4] and mononuclear Mn salts under different conditions and limited light exposure. The product was obtained in two forms: [Mn8O4(fdc)6(DMF)2(H2O)2] (1) and [Mn8O4(fdc)6(DMF)4] (2), differing in the bound solvent ligands. The structures are otherwise almost identical, comprising very similar cores that both contain 4Mn(III) and 4Mn(II) atoms bridged by four O(2-) ions and six fdc(2-) groups. The [Mn(III)4Mn(II)4(μ4-O)4] cores have virtual Td symmetry and can be described as a central [Mn(III)4(μ4-O)4](4+) cubane unit whose four O(2-) ions are μ4, because they each attach to an external Mn(II) atom. Peripheral ligation about the core is provided by six bridging fdc(2-) groups and the terminal solvent ligands, one each on the Mn(II) atoms. The differences in solvent ligands between 1 and 2, and different packing from the different crystal space groups, lead to significant differences in metric parameters within the core, which are reflected in significantly different magnetic properties. Variable-temperature, solid-state dc and ac susceptibility measurements reveal the clusters to be predominantly antiferromagnetically coupled, and to possess ground state spin values of S = 5 and S = 2 for 1 and 2, respectively. The difference in ground states is assigned to the small but distinct structural differences seen in the central cubane. Alternating current (AC) susceptibility data indicate 1 and 2 to be new single-molecule magnet, and this was confirmed by magnetization versus direct current (DC) field scans on a single crystal of 1·4DMF·4H2O, which exhibited hysteresis.
A comparative study of polyaniline films using thermal analyses and IR spectroscopy (1993)

The authors used dynamic mechanical and dielectric thermal analyses together with infrared spectroscopy to identify molecular motions in polyaniline films cast from emeraldine base powder dissolved in the solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). These relaxations include a librational ring motion at around -80 degrees C and a glass transition (Tg) centred at 100 degrees C. They have also observed a permanent film hardening process at around 180 degrees C which is ascribed to polymer chain crosslinking, both physical (associated with chain entanglements) and more importantly chemical (chain-chain chemical bonding). Chemical crosslinking can be further identified with chain defects and residual impurities in the polymeric material. The importance of precise control of polyaniline synthesis and processing is therefore strongly emphasised. These results have clear implications for the thermal orientation process in polyaniline.
Hybrid laser ablation-single point diamond turning machining process for CVD-silicon carbide ceramics (2013)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an advanced engineered ceramic material appropriate for operation in extreme environments. Manufacture of components from this material is extremely challenging due to its high hardness, brittle characteristics and poor machinability. Severe fracture can result when machining SiC due to its low fracture toughness. However, prior research has shown that ductile regime machining of silicon carbide is possible. This paper reports improvement of the surface quality of a chemically vapour deposited (CVD) polycrystalline SiC (3-C) material by using a hybrid laser ablation – single point diamond turning (SPDT) machining process. This work also emphasised increasing the material removal rate (MRR) and minimising the diamond tool wear. Besides the surface finish analysis, subsurface damage analysis was also done on the laser ablated and single point diamond turned surfaces to compare the nature of these processes in terms of subsurface damage.
A mechanism of grain nucleation during relaxation of the latent energy of junction disclinations in the course of plastic deformation (2005)

A model describing the nucleation of a new grain at the boundary of an existing grain during relaxation of the latent energy of junction disclinations formed in the course of plastic deformation is considered. This nucleation mechanism is shown to be energetically favorable. The dependence of the equilibrium size and misorientation of a nucleus on its shape is analyzed.
Extremely wideband multipath propagation channel from 285 to 325 GHz for a typical desk-top environment (2010)

Propagation study over 285 GHz to 325 GHz for extremely wideband channels in high speed wireless communication will be presented. The Thz channel is measured in clutter conditions typical in office desktop environment. Measurements and path loss models for the multipath channel will be discussed.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Next-Generation Sequencing of 487 Esophageal Adenocarcinomas Reveals Independently Prognostic Genomic Driver Alterations and Pathways (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Alterations in esophageal adenocarcinoma in the TCGA dataset, and mapping of alterations onto the RTK-RAS and Cell Cycle pathways.&lt;/p&gt;
A nonstructural protein of feline panleukopenia virus: expression in Escherichia coli and detection of multiple forms in infected cells (1987)

Sequences coding for the nonstructural protein NS1 of the autonomous parvovirus feline panleukopenia virus were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins. The fusion proteins were specifically bound by antisera from canine parvovirus-infected dogs. Antisera against one of the fusion proteins bound to several proteins found only in feline panleukopenia virus-infected feline cells.
The importance of age in survival of patients treated with chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1988)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a malignancy that occurs frequently in the elderly with a median age greater than 60 years. However, most chemotherapy trials have included predominantly patients less than 60 years of age. We treated 157 patients with diffuse aggressive NHL between September 1982 and May 1986 with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), procarbazine, bleomycin, vincristine, and prednisone (CAP/BOP). There were no treatment exclusions for age. Patients in this study ranged in age from 15 to 91 years (median, 63) with 112 patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 65% with no significant difference for age less than 60 (76%) v age greater than or equal to 60 (61%) (P = .18). With a median 36-month follow-up (range, 22 to 65 months), the overall 5-year survival was 42%. The patients less than 60 years old had a 62% 5-year survival in contrast to a 34% 5-year survival in those patients greater than or equal to age 60 (P = .01). The deaths attributed to tumor or treatment-related toxicity were similar above and below age 60. The difference in survival was due to other causes of death not obviously related to the lymphoma or its therapy-occurring in 22% of patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age but only 2% of patients less than 60 years (P = .005). Our data supports the position that aggressive NHL in elderly patients is not significantly less responsive than in younger patients; however, the inclusion of older patients in clinical trials will decrease the overall survival secondary to deaths due to apparently unrelated causes.
Intrinsic ductility of glassy solids (2014)

Glasses are usually brittle, seriously limiting their practical usage. Recently, the intrinsic ductility of glass was found to increase with the Poisson's ratio (v), with a sharp brittle-to-ductile (BTD) transition at vBTD = 0.31-0.32. Such a correlation between far-from-equilibrium fracture and near-equilibrium elasticity is unexpected and not understood. Molecular dynamics simulations, on three families of glasses (metallic glasses, amorphous silicon, and silica) with controlled bonding, processing, and testing conditions, show that glasses with low covalency and high structural disorder have high v and ductility, and vice versa. The BTD transitions triggered by the aforementioned causes in each system correspond to a unified vBTD value, which increases with its average coordination number (CN). The vBTD-CN relation can be comprehended by recognizing v as a measure of covalency and disorder, and the BTD transition as a competition between shear and cleavage. Our results provide guidelines for developing new recipes and processes for tough glasses.
Antineoplastic activity and toxicity of some alkylating cytostatics (Cyclophosphamide, CCNU, Cytostasan) encapsulated in liposomes in different murine tumour models (1986)

The encapsulation of Cyclophosphamide in MLV (PC:CH 1:1) revealed a total loss of antineoplastic activity in the P 388 tumour model compared to an equal dose of the free drug, though a moderate toxicity, registered as decrease of leukocyte and platelet counts, was still present. CCNU in liposomes of different size and composition showed in lower doses a diminished therapeutic effectiveness in the P388 or L 1210 leukaemia and the B 16 melanoma, while in higher doses toxic deaths occurring with the free drug could be prevented totally by using liposomes. Liposomal encapsulation also influenced body weight change and leukocyte counts, causing them to be less drastically reduced than with use of the free drug. The entrapment of Cytostasan, an N-lost derivative, had the same effect on the increase of lifespan of tumour-bearing animals (mammary carcinoma 1142 A) as equal doses of the free drug and caused only a slight improvement of toxicity. In general, liposomal encapsulation of alkylating cytostatics seems advantageous only for certain lipophilic drugs.
Frequency tunable antenna for LTE (4G) handsets operating in the 2.3&#x2013;2.7GHz global roaming band (2015)

A frequency tunable antenna for 4G global roaming devices operating in the 2.3–2.7GHz band is presented. Both the design and manufacturing methods are described and measured data are provided. Antenna is a half-patch with a reconfigurable aperture realized by a collection of shorting pins that are controlled by DC signals. The design follows the teachings of the patented self-structuring antenna technology and can be operated either in open or closed loop fashion. The frequency tunable feature of the antenna also makes it immune to detuning when used in a closed loop control system. Though the design is compatible with a multitude of manufacturing and embedding methods, the particular prototype was built by wire-bonding bare-die SPST switches onto the antenna board.
Targeting the short form of cFLIP by RNA interference is sufficient to enhance TRAIL sensitivity in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells (2006)

The pro-apoptotic death receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has received significant attention as a novel cancer therapeutic, since it selectively induces apoptosis in malignant and not normal cells. Unfortunately, prostate cancer cells display little if any susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. However, sensitivity to TRAIL is enhanced by doxorubicin, which correlated with a decrease in expression of the caspase-8 inhibitor cFLIP (Kelly et al., Cancer Biol Ther 1:520). In this study we show that doxorubicin induces a time- and dose-dependent loss of cFLIP protein, but does not affect steady-state mRNA levels. Proteasome inhibition stabilized cFLIPL in the presence of doxorubicin. Although proteasome inhibitors increased basal levels of short cFLIP isoforms, cFLIPS declined at a similar rate in the absence or presence of proteasome inhibition during doxorubicin treatment. Ectopic expression of a cFLIPSGFP fusion protein protected PC3 cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the absence or presence of doxorubicin, whereas downregulation of cFLIPS by RNA interference resulted in sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We conclude that doxorubicin-mediated downregulation of cFLIPS, which occurs at the post-transcriptional level independent of proteasome-mediated pathways, is sufficient to enhance TRAIL sensitivity in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells.
Highly Oriented Gold/Nanoclay–Polymer Nanocomposites for Flexible Gas Barrier Films (2015)

Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, which uses electronic and ionic intermolecular bonding under nonvacuum conditions, is a promising technology for fabricating gas barrier films owing to its simple processing and easy formation of a multilayer structure. In this research, nanoclay-polymer multilayers of Na(+)-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) were fabricated. Particularly, the addition of AuCl3 on fabricated MMT layers caused a reaction with the surface silanol functional groups (Si-O-H) of the MMT platelets, resulting in the formation of Au2O3 on the MMT-polymer multilayers. The Au2O3 filled the vacancies between the MMT platelets and linked the MMT platelets together, thus forming a gas barrier film that reduced the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) to 3.2 × 10(-3) g m(-2) day(-1). AuCl3-treated MMT-polymer multilayers thus have the potential to be utilized for manufacturing gas barrier films for flexible electronics on a large scale.
PERIPHERIN: A Novel Marker for the Immunohistochemical Study of Malformations of the Enteric Nervous System (1996)

Peripherin is a 5 7-kD type III intermediate filament that is a specific marker for peripheral neurons, including enteric ganglion cells (GCs). Hence antibodies to peripherin may be used to demonstrate abnormalities of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Serial longitudinal histologic sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colons from 15 patients were immunostained for peripherin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilaments, S-100, and synaptophysin. Ten patients had variable degrees of colonic aganglionosis (Hirschsprung's disease), three were premature infants, and two were controls. Peripherin labeling yielded the highest number of recognizable GCs. Overall, 56%, 78%, and 80% of the peripherin-positive GCs in the myenteric plexus and 55%, 75%, and 73% of the peripherin-positive GCs in the submucosal plexus were identified by staining for neurofilaments, NSE, and S-100, respectively. Intramucosal GCs were detected in 4 of 10 cases of Hirschsprung's disease (HD), none of which had been evident by routine histology. The other neuronal markers were less specific for intramucosal GCs than peripherin, because they also labeled enterochromaffin cells. Peripherin immunohistochemistry also allowed exact quantification of GC density expressed as GCs/mm colon, which is important for the diagnosis of HD-related disorders. In three cases of HD the GC density of the transition zone was markedly elevated compared with more proximal ganglionic bowel segments, consistent with neuronal intestinal dysplasia type B, and two cases of HD showed low GC density within the transition zone. Hence peripherin immunolabeling may prove to be a valuable aid in the diagnosis and classification of congenital malformations of the ENS.
Prediction of flooding in an absorption column using neural networks (2003)

Presents the results of a project aimed at predicting the occurrence of flooding in the absorption column of the Rectisol process at Sasol Synthetic Fuels. The flooding predictor was used as a controlled variable in a multivariable controller with an objective function that maximizes the gas throughput. Thus the prediction of flooding was critical to the success of the project. The technical problem was first to identify a measured variable or a set of variables as a good precursor to flooding. Once suitable precursors had been identified, a statistical flooding predictor was developed. Data from the Rectisol process corresponding to several different flooding scenarios was analyzed. The pressure drop across a section of the column was determined to be a good indicator of flooding. In addition, several other variables were identified as possible precursors. Linear and nonlinear models (neural network models) were developed to predict the pressure drop across the section of the column using the variables identified to be good precursors to flooding. These models were implemented online in the distributed control system. Special flooding tests showed that the neural network differential pressure predictor was accurate. The linear differential pressure predictor, on the other hand, performed quite poorly. This indicated that there were sufficient nonlinear dynamical effects in the Rectisol process to warrant the use of a nonlinear model such as a neural network.
H2S donating corticosteroids: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation in a murine model of asthma (2021)

The protective effect on airway remodeling makes the hybrid Prednisone-TBZ (compound <b>7</b>) as a promising therapeutic option in reducing allergic asthma symptoms and exacerbations.
Modelling of the Kinetic Transition in Zirconium Based Alloys: Application to the Oxidation of Zircaloy-4 by Water Vapour (2004)

The kinetic curves of oxidation of Zircaloy-4 exhibit a transition, which is a sharp increase in the oxidation rate when the oxide thickness reaches a critical value. The pre-transition stage is controlled by the diffusion of oxygen vacancies in the oxide layer. In the post-transition stage, oxygen or water vapour have an accelerating effect on the oxidation (whereas they have no influence during the pre-transition) and the oxide layer is damaged, with large cracks parallel to the metal/oxide interface and connected to the gaseous atmosphere by pores. Consequently, it is clear that the post-transition stage cannot be accounted for by the same mechanism as in pre-transition. In this paper, we propose a geometrical modelling allowing to describe the progressive transformation of the oxide layer during the transition. This model is based on a random appearance of pores (connected to the external surface) which leads to the transformation, from a pre-transition stage to the post-transition stage, of small sections s0 of the oxide layer (analogy with the models of thermal transformations of powders, involving the processes of nucleation and growth of a new phase). The model allows to describe the kinetic curves obtained for the oxidation by water vapour of Zircaloy-4.