gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical–genetic interaction mapping links carbon metabolism and cell wall structure to tuberculosis drug efficacy (2022)

Current chemotherapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), an important human pathogen, requires a multidrug regimen lasting several months. While efforts have been made to optimize therapy by exploiting drug–drug synergies, testing new drug combinations in relevant host environments remains arduous. In particular, host environments profoundly affect the bacterial metabolic state and drug efficacy, limiting the accuracy of predictions based on in vitro assays alone. In this study, we utilized conditional Mtb knockdown mutants of essential genes as an experimentally tractable surrogate for drug treatment and probe the relationship between Mtb carbon metabolism and chemical–genetic interactions (CGIs). We examined the antitubercular drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, and moxifloxacin and found that CGIs are differentially responsive to the metabolic state, defining both environment-independent and -dependent interactions. Specifically, growth on the in vivo–relevant carbon source, cholesterol, reduced rifampicin efficacy by altering mycobacterial cell surface lipid composition. We report that a variety of perturbations in cell wall synthesis pathways restore rifampicin efficacy during growth on cholesterol, and that both environment-independent and cholesterol-dependent in vitro CGIs could be leveraged to enhance bacterial clearance in the mouse infection model. Our findings present an atlas of chemical–genetic–environmental interactions that can be used to optimize drug–drug interactions, as well as provide a framework for understanding in vitro correlates of in vivo efficacy.
Approach for Increasing the Resource Efficiency for the Production Process of Titanium Structural Components (2015)

Titanium structural components for the aircraft industry are usually manufactured from ingots of primary material. The process chain for the fabrication of these components consists of the production of titanium sponge, the melting process, the forging process and the milling process. High chip removal rates from up to 95% due to the milling process and a high energy demand in producing the titanium sponge of about 85% of the overall energy consumption characterize the process chain. This obviously leads to a high optimization potential under monetary and energetic aspects. Recycling titanium chips for the ingot production could help to dramatically improve the overall production process in terms of ecological aspects. However, process-induced contaminations of the chips prevent the use of high amounts of these in the melting procedure. Macroscopic impurities like residues of cooling lubricant can be removed in a complex cleaning process. Yet, contaminations like oxidization cannot be eliminated, hence only a small amount of titanium chips is usable in the melting process to achieve the required purity of the titanium alloy. This paper describes a novel method to decrease the energy consumption in fabricating titanium products. By reducing process-induced contaminations, the amount of titanium chips usable in the melting process can be significantly increased and consequently the necessary quantity of titanium sponge reduced. The described method contains the investigation of relevant influencing factors like the impact of tool and cooling concept on chip quality or manufacturing costs. The research of cause-effect relationships identifies the trade-off between ecological and economic targets. A mathematical description of this relationship is implemented within a simulation environment to find an optimum between ecological and economic targets. The paper describes this approach with samples of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4 V.
Use of Biodiesel Byproduct Crude Glycerol as the Carbon Source for Fermentation Processes by Recombinant Pichia pastoris (2008)

The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of using crude glycerol, the main byproduct of biodiesel industry, directly in the production media of Pichia pastoris fermentation processes. Different biodiesel synthesis conditions were examined, that is, transesterifications of canola, corn, soybean, and sunflower oils, with pure methanol in a molar ratio of 1:6 or 1:3, using 1% or 0.5% (w/v) NaOH as the catalyst. Among these, canola oil-derived glycerol served as the most favorable carbon source, and at a 1:6 molar ratio of canola oil:methanol and CNaOH = 1% (w/v), the highest recombinant human erythropoietin production (CrEPO = 31 mg L-1), cell concentration (CX = 10.5 g L-1), product yield on substrate (YrEPO/S = 1.48 mg g-1), and cell yield on substrate (YX/S = 0.57 g g-1) were obtained, having values approximately 1.4-fold higher than those attained with pure glycerol. Thus, this study demonstrated a potential use for crude glycerol, without any purification, in the production of additional value-added products.
Conformation of Block Copolymers in Dilute Solution. Monte Carlo Calculations and Light-Scattering Studies on Diblock Copolymer Systems (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation of Block Copolymers in Dilute Solution. Monte Carlo Calculations and Light-Scattering Studies on Diblock Copolymer SystemsTakeshi Tanaka, Tadao Kotaka, and Hiroshi InagakiCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 4, 561–568Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60052a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60052a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
W261005 Team Oriented Cross Border Entrepreneur Cultivating (CBEC) Program in Tokyo Tech (2015)

The "team -oriented Cross-Border Entrepreneur Cultivating" program (hereafter, CBEC program), is the educational program in Tokyo Tech adopted as one of EDGE program projects by MEXT in 2014. This educational program is a one-year program for master and Ph.D candidates and currently it is operated by the Steering Committee consisting of 27 full-time faculty members and eight contract based staffs. In this article, we will introduce an overview of CBEC program focusing on PBL (Project Based Learning) and describe some issues to be considered.
Design and Implementation of Traffic Generation Model and Spectrum Requirement Calculator for Private 5G Network (2022)

This paper proposes a neural 5G traffic generation model and a methodology for calculating the spectrum requirements of private 5G networks to provide various industrial communication services. To accurately calculate the spectral requirements, it is necessary to analyze the actual data volume and traffic type of industrial cases. However, because there is currently no suitable traffic model to test loads in private 5G networks, we have developed a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based traffic generator that can generate realistic traffic by learning actual traffic traces collected by mobile network operators. In addition, in the case of industrial applications, probability-based traffic models were used in parallel as there were not enough real data to be learned. The proposed 5G traffic generation model is combined with the proposed 5G spectrum calculation methodology, enabling more accurate spectrum requirements calculation through traffic simulation similar to a real-life environment. In this paper, the spectrum requirements are calculated differently according to two types of duplexing, namely frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD). As a guide for companies aiming to provide advanced wireless connectivity for a wide variety of vertical industries using 5G networks, eight use cases defined in the 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation (ACIA) white paper were simulated. The spectrum requirements were calculated under various simulation conditions considering varying traffic loads, deployment scenarios, and duplexing types. Various simulation results confirmed that a bandwidth of at least 22.0 MHz to a maximum of 397.8 MHz is required depending on the deployment scenario.
Giant Osteofibrous Dysplasia (Ossifying Fibroma) of the Tibia: Case Report and Review of Treatment Modalities (2004)

We present a case of giant osteofibrous dysplasia (OFB) of the proximal tibia with 15 years of follow-up. The tumor recurred after first biopsy and curettage done at the age of 6 years and, again, 4 years later. Following recurrence, the option of amputation was suggested. Staged treatment of curettage, cryosurgery, bone cement as a temporary spacer with internal fixation at age 12 years, followed by bone grafting at age 14 years, led to complete healing. The staged protocol for treatment is proposed as an alternative to more radical solutions. It is suggested to postpone surgical treatment towards skeletal maturity.
Pediatric and adolescent injury in motocross (2018)

Motocross is a competitive outdoor extreme sport in which motorcyclists race across vast courses of jumps, berms and long straightaways of unpredictable terrain. While the sport has gained notoriety in adult popular culture through contests like the X Games, motocross is also increasingly popular among youth in the Unites States and beyond. In the setting of contemporary discussions on traumatic brain injury, this poses an obvious challenge to those advising children and parents on the risks of motocross to the developing brain and spine. The available literature demonstrates that even when practiced with appropriate protective equipment, motocross poses an increased risk for acquiring major trauma to the brain, spine and limbs for which the long-term consequences have been poorly studied. Riders and parents should be counseled about the risks of these injuries prior to participation and in accordance with state laws. Furthermore, formal return-to-play guidelines following concussions should be developed.
Systematic in vitro biocompatibility studies of multimodal cellulose nanocrystal and lignin nanoparticles (2019)

Natural biopolymer nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) and lignin, have shown potential as scaffolds for targeted drug delivery systems due to their wide availability, cost-efficient preparation, and anticipated biocompatibility. As both CNC and lignin can potentially cause complications in cell viability assays because of their ability to scatter the emitted light and absorb the assay reagents, we investigated the response of bioluminescent (CellTiter-Glo®), colorimetric (MTT® and AlamarBlue®), and fluorometric (LIVE/DEAD®) assays for the determination of the biocompatibility of the multimodal CNC and lignin constructs in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we have developed multimodal CNC and lignin NPs harboring the radiometal chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid and the fluorescent dye cyanine 5 for the investigation of nanomaterial biodistribution in vivo with nuclear and optical imaging, which were then used as the model CNC and lignin nanosystems in the cell viability assay comparison. CellTiter-Glo® based on the detection of ATP-dependent luminescence in viable cells revealed to be the best assay for both nanoconstructs for its robust linear response to increasing NP concentration and lack of interference from either of the NP types. Both multimodal CNC and lignin NPs displayed low cytotoxicity and favorable interactions with the cell lines, suggesting that they are good candidates for nanosystem development for targeted drug delivery in breast cancer and for theranostic applications. Our results provide useful guidance for cell viability assay compatibility for CNC and lignin NPs and facilitate the future translation of the materials for in vivo applications.
Glycomic Analyses of Glycoproteins in Bile and Serum during Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis (2010)

Fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the increase in fucosylated AFP in serum of patients with HCC are largely unknown. Recently, we reported that fucosylation is a possible signal for the secretion of glycoproteins into bile in the liver. This finding might lead to the selective secretion of fucosylated AFP into bile and the selective secretion might be disrupted in hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, therefore, we analyzed the oligosaccharide structures of glycoproteins in bile and serum of LEC rats, which are a rat model of spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis. Lectin microarraying showed enhanced binding of 13 lectins to bile, compared with in serum from normal LEC rats, and the binding of these lectins to serum of LEC rats bearing HCC was higher than in normal rats. Structural analyses involving HPLC and mass spectrometry showed that the fucosylation levels of serum glycoproteins were not increased in CH rats but were in HCC rats, although the fucosylation levels of biliary glycoproteins were increased in both CH and HCC rats. These results suggested that the sorting machinery through fucosylation might be disrupted in the liver with HCC.
Was sagen Sie, nachdem Sie sich begrüßt haben? Eine kommunikations- psychologische Untersuchung zu Kommunikationsstörungen in interkulturellen Erst-Kontakt-Situationen (2003)

Wir leben in einer Zeit, in der soziale Interaktionen zwischen Menschen, die in unterschiedlichen kulturellen Kontexten sozialisiert wurden, immer häufiger und bedeutsamer werden. Dieser Artikel will einen Beitrag zum Verstehen interkultureller Interaktionsprozesse leisten und untersucht im Rahmen der interkulturellen Psychologie grundlegende Muster des Erlebens von Kommunikationsstörungen in interkulturellen Erst-Kontakt-Situationen. Unter Berücksichtigung von unterschiedlichen Graden interkultureller Erfahrenheit wird analysiert, wie Kommunikationsstörungen attribuiert werden, wie mit Störungen umgegangen wird und ob es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Attributionen und Strategien des Umgangs mit Störungen gibt. Der Artikel basiert auf dem Buch: Kommunikationsstörungen in interkulturellen Erstkontakt-Situationen, zu dem Sie eine Rezension schreiben können.
Editor's Corner: More Changes: Some Happy and Some Sad (2000)

"Editor's Corner: More Changes: Some Happy and Some Sad" Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(3), p. 365
Label free detection of optogenetically stimulated cellular activity by low coherence interferometry(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Detecting cellular activity in sub-millisecond timescale and micrometer resolution without using invasive means has been a long standing goal in the study of cellular networks. Here, we have employed phase sensitive low coherence interferometry for detecting optogenetically stimulated activity of cells. Nanoscale changes in optical path length (due to change in refractive index and changes in cell thickness) occur when cells are activated, which we aim to detect by phase sensitive low coherence interferometry. A low coherence interferometry and patch-clamp electrophysiology systems were integrated with an inverted fluorescence microscope. Blue laser beam was coupled to the electrophysiology-interferometric detection system for optogenetic stimulation. The phase-sensitive measurements were carried out on Channelrhodopsin-2 sensitized cells (identified by YFP fluorescence) as well as control cells in reflection mode for different intensities and exposures of optogenetic stimulation beam. This method offers good temporal and spatial resolution without using exogenous labeling. Results of studies on all optical stimulation and detection of cellular activity will be presented. Interpretation of the optical activity signals will be discussed in context with changes in cell physiology during stimulation. We will also discuss the potential sources of various artifacts in optical/electrical detection of cellular activity during optical stimulation.
A single unit digital flexor tendon prosthesis (1975)

Historically, the surgical repair of serious injuries to the flexor tendons of the hand have met with less than satisfactory clinical results. In an attempt to solve this problem, studies have been made on the design and testing of a Dacron polyester tendon prosthesis for complete replacement of the digital flexor tendon. The prosthesis attaches proximally at the anatomical musculotendon junction via collagen ingrowth into a fabric structure and in similar manner distally via bone ingrowth at the anatomical insertion site. These fabrics are continuous with the tendon body of the prosthesis consisting of an inextensible braided cord which is silicone rubber coated to prevent tissue adherence in the glide zone of the tendon bed. An added benefit of the prosthesis is a simple means of length adjustment which can easily be carried out on the operating table. Studies have been performed in both dogs and chickens which indicate that sufficient tissue ingrowth occurs at both the distal and proximal anastomoses for retention of full load bearing capability in these animals and that postoperative adhesions are negligible, if present at all. Full prostheses have been implanted in dogs for periods of over 1 year and chickens for 2 months. The chicken is the preferred animal model as a tendency for extensive scar tissue generation was shown in the dog. Both in vivo mechanical testing and histological characterization have been made on sacrificed animals which have received the full prostheses.
Intelligent Tumor Microenvironment-Activated Multifunctional Nanoplatform Coupled with Turn-on and Always-on Fluorescence Probes for Imaging-Guided Cancer Treatment (2021)

Intrinsic tumor microenvironment (TME)-related therapeutic resistance and nontumor-specific imaging have limited the application of imaging-guided cancer therapy. Herein, a TME-responsive MnO<sub>2</sub>-based nanoplatform coupled with turn-on and always-on fluorescence probes was designed through a facile biomineralization method for imaging-guided photodynamic/chemodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/CDT/PTT). After the tumor-targeting delivery of the AuNCs@MnO<sub>2</sub>-ICG@AS1411 (AMIT) nanoplatform via aptamer AS1411, the TME-responsive dissociation of MnO<sub>2</sub> generated sufficient O<sub>2</sub> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> with the consumption of GSH for improving PDT efficacy and Fenton-like reaction-mediated CDT. Simultaneously, the released small-sized ICG and AuNCs facilitated PDT and PTT efficacy via the deep tumor penetration. Moreover, the turn-on fluorescence of AuNCs revealed the real-time TME-responsive MnO<sub>2</sub> degradation process, and the always-on ICG fluorescence enabled the <i>in situ</i> monitoring of the payload distribution <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The AMIT NPs also provided magnetic resonance and thermal imaging guidance for the enhanced PDT, CDT, and PTT. Therefore, this all-in-one nanosystem provides a simple and versatile strategy for multiple imaging-guided theranostic applications.
An Automatic Flow Balancing Device for Boiling Water Reactors (1966)

A prototype device to control the exit steam quality in the individual fuel element assemblies of a boiling water reactor was designed, constructed and tested at simulated reactor operating conditions. The device consists of two venturis and a mechanism for comparing the pressure signals from the venturis and controlling the flow by means of a hydraulically operated valve. The device, which is completely self-contained within one channel of a boiling water reactor, held the discharge volume quality to ± 6% of the design value during transients in the heat transfer rate of up to 25%.The addition of the device to the high heat flux channels of a boiling water reactor would permit designing reactors at a higher heat flux for the same departure from nucleate boiling. The pressure across the core (header to header) is increased by ≍ 20% for a reactor of the Dresden type. Overall economic effects on reactor operations, including reactivity effects, were not evaluated.
Data Channel Monitoring by Correlation Techniques (1968)

The technique of analyzing a set of channel parameters is discussed. Pseudorandom probing (for low-level noncorrelative interference with a typical user) and cross-correlation analysis are employed in the system described. The transfer function of this communications channel is convolved with the autocorrelation function of the probe signal; hence, analysis of the cross-correlation function at the receiver yields channel phase and amplitude parameters on a discrete basis. Implementation of these concepts with a demonstrable engineering model has been accomplished, and laboratory test results are presented.
A study on the door seal structure of a microwave oven using the finite-difference time-domain method (1998)

In this paper, the shielding effects for various door seals of a microwave oven are discussed. The FDTD method is adopted in the numerical calculations. It is shown here that there are optimum combinations of part sizes and structures by which the high shielding effect is obtained. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 19: 333–335, 1998.
Superconducting quantum interference device with very low magnetic flux noise energy (1982)

We have fabricated dc superconducting quantum interference devices incorporating Josephson tunnel junctions with an inductance of about 2 pH and a capacitance per junction of about 0.3 pF. The lowest measured flux noise energy was 3.2 h/ at 1.4 K at a frequency of 202 kHz. When the 1/f noise was subtracted, the white noise energy decreased from around 3h/ at 4.2 K to below 2h/ at 1.4 K.