gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Downstream Passage on the Flow Within an Annular S-Shaped Duct (1997)

Experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to gain a better understanding or the flow characteristics within an annular S-shaped duct, including the influence of the shape of the downstream passage located at the exit of the duct on the flow. A duct with six struts and the same geometry as that used to connect the compressor spools on our new experimental small two-spool turbofan engine was investigated. Two types of downstream passage were used. One type had a straight annular passage and the other a curved annular passage with a similar meridional flow path geometry to that of the centrifugal compressor. Results showed that the total pressure loss near the hub is large due to instability of the flow, as compared with that near the casing. Also, a vortex related to the horseshoe vortex was observed near the casing, in the case of the curved annular passage, the total pressure loss near the hub was greatly increased compared with the case of the straight annular passage, and the spatial position of the above vortex depends on the passage core pressure gradient. Furthermore, results of calculation using an in-house-developed three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code with a low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model were in good qualitative agreement with experimental results. According to the simulation results, a region of very high pressure loss is observed near the hub at the duct exit with the increase of inlet boundary layer thickness. Such regions of high pressure loss may act on the downstream compressor as a large inlet distortion, and strongly affect downstream compressor performance.
Regiochemical Control and Suppression of Double Bond Isomerization in the Heck Arylation of 1-(Methoxycarbonyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrole (1996)

Arylation of 1-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrole under standard Heck reaction conditions produces a mixture of compounds. The olefin undergoes two types of palladium-catalyzed reactions: (a) arylation to provide C-3 arylated derivatives and (b) competing double bond isomerization. Addition of silver carbonate and thallium acetate fully suppressed the isomerization, and good yields of C-3 substituted compounds were achieved after arylation with aryl halides. With regard to aryl triflates as arylating agents, addition of lithium chloride was necessary to promote the Heck reaction. This additive excluded the use of silver and thallium salts, but high regioselectivity and good yields could be obtained by employing tri-2-furylphosphine as ligand. Arylation was rendered both regioselective and enantioselective (58% ee) with 1-naphthyl triflate as substrate utilizing a (R)-BINAP/thallium acetate combination. The C-3 arylated enamides were converted further into the corresponding 3-arylpyrrolidines.
Comprehensive analysis of the α-fetoprotein-specific CD8+ T cell responses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

In patients with HCC, a high frequency of AFP-specific CD8(+) T cells directed against different epitopes suggest that AFP has a strong and broad immunogenicity. Further, CD8(+) T cells specific for the self-antigen AFP are present in the normal T cell repertoire and are not centrally or peripherally deleted. Our results provide support for strategies to boost AFP-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in patients with HCC but also demonstrate a diversity of immune responses that may be needed for protection.
Revealing Exciton Dynamics in a Small-Molecule Organic Semiconducting Film with Subdomain Transient Absorption Microscopy (2013)

The ultrafast spectroscopy of single domains of polycrystalline films of TIPS-pentacene, a small-molecule organic semiconductor of interest in electronic and photovoltaic applications, is investigated using transient absorption microscopy. Individual domains are distinguished by their different polarization-dependent linear and nonlinear optical responses. As compared to bulk measurements, we show that the nonlinear response within a given domain can be tied more concretely to specific physical processes that transfer exciton populations between specified electronic states. By use of this approach and a simple kinetic model, the signatures of singlet fission as well as vibrational relaxation of the initially excited singlet state are identified. As such, observing exciton dynamics within and comparing exciton dynamics between different TIPS-pentacene domains reveal the relationship between photophysics and film morphology needed to improve device performance.
Management of Ineffective Esophageal Hypomotility (2021)

Esophageal hypomotility in general and especially ineffective esophageal motility according to the Chicago criteria of primary motility disorders of the esophagus, is one of the most frequently diagnosed motility disorders on high resolution manometry and results in a large number of patients visiting gastroenterologists. Most patients with esophageal hypomotility present with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms or dysphagia. The clinical relevance of the motility pattern, however, is not well established but seems to be correlated with disease severity in reflux patients. The correlation with dysphagia is less clear. Prokinetic agents are commonly prescribed as first line pharmacologic intervention to target esophageal smooth muscle contractility and improve esophageal motor functions. However, the beneficial effects of these medications are limited and only confined to some specific drugs. Serotonergic agents, including buspirone, mosapride and prucalopride have been shown to improve parameters of esophageal motility although the effect on symptoms is less clear. Understanding on the complex correlation between esophageal hypomotility and esophageal symptoms as well as the limited evidence of prokinetic agents is necessary for physicians to appropriately manage patients with Ineffective Esophageal Motility (IEM).
Observations of a New Chatbot: Drawing Conclusions from Early Interactions with Users (2018)

This article shares insights gathered from the design and implementation of an SMS chatbot-based virtual assistant to hotel guests in London. The author discusses challenges and first outcomes, and makes recommendations based on this experience toward best practices for approaching the design of chatbots in the customer service domain.
Entire solutions of certain class of differential-difference equations (2015)

As a continuation of our previous studies Liu et al. (J. Inequal. Appl. 2014:63, 2014), we will discuss the transcendental entire solutions of the following type of differential-difference equation: $f^{3}(z)+P_{1}(z, \Delta f ,\ldots, f',\ldots, f^{(k)} ) =\lambda_{1}e^{\alpha_{1} z}+\lambda_{2}e^{\alpha_{2} z}$
 , where $P_{1}$
 is a linear polynomial in $f, \Delta f,\ldots, f^{(k)} $
 , with polynomials as its coefficients, and $\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2},\alpha_{1},\alpha_{2}\in\mathbb{C}$
 are nonzero constants such that $\alpha_{1}\neq\alpha_{2}$
 .
Non-Orthogonal Pilot Designs for Joint Channel Estimation and Collision Detection in Grant-Free Access Systems (2018)

In this paper, we consider a densely deployed phantom cell system providing a low latency network for massive connectivity. Non-orthogonal pilot designs serve as a promising solution to support a large number of users, but fast collision detection at the receiver is needed for low latency networks. Recently, a nice solution based on an on-off type non-orthogonal pilot design with collision detection capability has been proposed. It can serve more users than the orthogonal pilot design but at the cost of degraded channel estimation performance compared to the orthogonal optimum pilot design. We propose a new non-orthogonal pilot design with collision detection capability and improved channel estimation performance. An optimum threshold-based detection criterion is developed. We further show that a dynamically calculated optimum threshold-based detection outperforms a fixed threshold-based detection. Next, we investigate non-orthogonal pilot designs for fractional bandwidth allocation. We propose two new non-orthogonal pilot designs for physical resource block based resource allocation. Both of the new designs support fast collision detection at the receiver. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed schemes provide equivalent or better channel estimation performance and support much more users than the orthogonal pilots defined in the current 4G standards. Finally, we explore sparse channel estimation with compressed sensing technique. We prove several propositions regarding compressed sensing based estimation performance. Using these propositions, two novel orthogonal pilot designs are developed for sparse channel estimation with optimized performances. Finally, utilizing these orthogonal pilot sets, we propose a non-orthogonal pilot design with collision detection capability for sparse channel estimation.
Cyperus scariosus Chloroform Fraction Inhibits T cell Responses in Balb/C Mice (2009)

Purpose: To investigate the T cell inhibition potential of 50% ethanol extract of Cyperus scariosus (CS)and its bioactive chloroform fraction (CSC).Methods: The preliminary screening of the extract was carried out by humoral antibody response anddelayed-type hypersensitivity models employing sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as the antigen. Further,the extract was studied by skin allograft rejection test, and phagocytosis - in vitro and ex vivo - by C.albicans method and carbon clearance test, respectively. The extract was fractionated with chloroform,n-butanol and water, and then used to investigate the T-cell specific immunosuppressive potential ofthese fractions by flow cytometry.Results: On p.o. administration, CS inhibited both humoral and cell-mediated immune responsessignificantly (p < 0.01) by suppressing primary (26.8 %) and secondary (29.7 %) antibody titres, andalso inhibited cell-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune response (45.9 %) at 600mg/kg dose, phagocytosis - both in vitro (37.4 %) and ex vivo (37.8 %) - and delayed the graft rejectiontime (45.8%), thus confirming marked immunosuppression. Out of the three isolated fractions, only thechloroform fraction significantly (p < 0.01) suppressed CD8+/ CD4+ T cell surface markers (14.0/25.3%) and intra-cellular Th1 cytokines, viz, IL-2 (34.4 %), and IFN-&gamma; (34.7 %), compared to cyclosporine-A(5), a standard T cell inhibitor (53.6 %) which was given to Balb/C mice at 200 mg/kg dose. CSC did notsignificantly (p < 0.01) suppress Th2 (IL-4) system.Conclusion: The findings from this investigation reveal that C. scariosus causes immunosuppressionby inhibiting Th1 cytokines.
Ncf1 affects osteoclast formation but is not critical for postmenopausal bone loss (2016)

Ncf1*/*-mice develop fewer osteoclasts after ovx than WT mice. However, irrespective of genotype, bone mineral density decreases after ovx, indicating that a compensatory mechanism retains bone degradation after ovx.
Please hold on: Unobtrusive user authentication using smartphone's built-in sensors (2017)

Smartphones provide anytime-anywhere communications and are being increasingly used for a variety of purposes, e.g, sending email, performing online transactions, connecting with friends and acquaintances over social networks. As a result, a considerable amount of sensitive personal information is often generated and stored on smartphones. Thus, smartphone users may face financial as well as sentimental consequences if such information fall in the wrong hands. To address this problem all smartphones provide some form of user authentication, that is the process of verifying the user's identity. Existing authentication mechanisms, such as using 4-digit passcodes or graphical patterns, suffer from multiple limitations - they are neither highly secure nor easy to input. As a results, recent studies found that most smartphone's users do not use any authentication mechanism at all. In this paper, we present a fully unobtrusive user authentication scheme based on micro-movements of the user's hand(s) after the user unlocks her smartphone. The proposed scheme collects data from multiple 3-dimensional smartphone sensors in the background for a specific period of time and profiles a user based on the collected hand(s) movement patterns. Subsequently, the system matches the query pattern with the pre-stored patterns to authenticate the smartphone owner. Our system achieved a True Acceptance Rate (TAR) of 96% at an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 4%, on a dataset of 31 qualified volunteers (53, in total), using Random Forest (RF) classifier. Our scheme can be used as a primary authentication mechanism or can be used as a secondary authentication scheme in conjunction with any of the existing authentication schemes, e.g., passcodes, to improve their security.
A simple and rapid pre‐confirmation method to distinguish endogenous human haemoglobin from synthetic haemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers in doping control (2011)

A specific, sensitive and rapid analytical procedure based on capillary electrophoresis with UV/Vis detection at 405 and 415 nm was developed and validated to detect human haemoglobin and haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (Hemopure®, Oxyglobin® and Polyheme®) in blood samples collected for doping control. The electrophoretic separation, based on capillary dynamic coating, was achieved in less than 10 min. The effects of capillary temperature, injection conditions and initial ramping were investigated. The optimum separation voltage was 25 kV with a capillary temperature of 20 °C, initial ramping of 1 kV/s and an injection pressure of 0.5 psi for 10 s. The removal of haptoglobin using anti-human haptoglobin antibody prior to the analysis was mandatory to increase the specificity of the analysis. Sufficient resolution between endogenous haemoglobin variants and the three haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers here investigated was obtained, thus allowing discrimination between a normal haemolysed sample and a sample in which Oxyglobin®, Hemopure® or Polyheme® is present. Good repeatability of migration times (CV% less than 1), peak resolution and adequate sensitivity (limit of detection: 2.5 mg/mL) was obtained.
Kronecker Product Factorization of the FFT Matrix (1971)

A method is presented which utilizes the results of the Glassman paper [1] to factor the FFT matrix in terms of Kronecker product expansions [2], [3]. The method clarifies the Glassman results and presents them in an elegant and compact format.
Efficient Copper-Promoted N-Arylations of Aryl Halides with Amines (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTEfficient Copper-Promoted N-Arylations of Aryl Halides with AminesHe Huang, Xiuhua Yan, Weiliang Zhu, Hong Liu*, Hualiang Jiang, and Kaixian ChenView Author Information Drug Discovery and Design Centre, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +86-21-50807042. Fax: +86-21-50807088. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2008, 10, 5, 617–619Publication Date (Web):July 3, 2008Publication History Received21 March 2008Published online3 July 2008Published inissue 8 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc800048phttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc800048pbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4809Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Anions,Aromatic compounds,Imidazoles,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
The LIM Domain-Containing Dbm1 GTPase-Activating Protein Is Required for Normal Cellular Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Normal cell growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the selection of genetically determined bud sites where most growth is localized. Previous studies have shown that BEM2, which encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that is specific for the Rho-type GTPase Rho1p in vitro, is required for proper bud site selection and bud emergence. We show here that DBM1, which encodes another putative Rho-type GAP with two tandemly arranged cysteine-rich LIM domains, also is needed for proper bud site selection, as haploid cells lacking Dbm1p bud predominantly in a bipolar, rather than the normal axial, manner. Furthermore, yeast cells lacking both Bem2p and Dbm1p are inviable. The nonaxial budding defect of dbm1 mutants can be rescued partially by overproduction of Bem3p and is exacerbated by its absence. Since Bem3p has previously been shown to function as a GAP for Cdc42p, and also less efficiently for Rho1p, our results suggest that Dbm1p, like Bem2p and Bem3p, may function in vivo as a GAP for Cdc42p and/or Rho1p. Both LIM domains of Dbm1p are essential for its normal function. Point mutations that alter single conserved cysteine residues within either LIM domain result in mutant forms of Dbm1p that can no longer function in bud site selection but instead are capable of rescuing the inviability of bem2 mutants at 35 degrees C.
Genome-wide association study in 404,302 individuals identifies 7 significant loci for reaction time variability (2023)

Reaction time variability (RTV), reflecting fluctuations in response time on cognitive tasks, has been proposed as an endophenotype for many neuropsychiatric disorders. There have been no large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) of RTV and little is known about its genetic underpinnings. Here, we used data from the UK Biobank to conduct a GWAS of RTV in participants of white British ancestry (<i>n</i> = 404,302) as well as a trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis (<i>n</i> = 44,873) to assess replication. We found 161 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across 7 genomic loci in our discovery GWAS. Functional annotation of the variants implicated genes involved in synaptic function and neural development. The SNP-based heritability (<i>h</i><sup>2</sup><sub>SNP</sub>) estimate for RTV was 3%. We investigated genetic correlations between RTV and selected neuropsychological traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression, and found significant correlations with several traits, including a positive correlation with schizophrenia. We assessed the predictive ability of a polygenic score (PGS) for RTV, calculated using PRSice and PRS-CS, and found that the RTV-PGS significantly predicted RTV in independent cohorts, but that the generalizability to other ancestry groups was poor. These results identify genetic underpinnings of RTV, and support the use of RTV as an endophenotype for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Onychomycosis therapy: past, present, future. (2010)

Methods to treat onychomycosis are varied, using therapies that can be categorized as topical, oral or device-related. Since their development, oral therapies have represented the gold standard for treatment over other methods. However, efficacy with oral therapies remains limited, and safety may be an issue, leaving many patients requiring alternative treatments. With research advances, topical therapies as alternatives for onychomycosis are being investigated with greater interest as new technologies are overcoming previous limitations of topical treatments, such as lack of nail penetration. New device-related topical therapy methods are particularly noteworthy, as they may allow for shorter, more convenient treatments for patients, reducing issues with topical compliance, and, in cases of non-drug light-based therapies, they will avoid potential for drug reactions. Research in these fields is preliminary, and the impact these methods may have on the future of onychomycosis remains to be seen.
Hardware development for the “Weak ionization lead lepton interaction for air-shower investigations in Romania”- WILLI-AIR experiment (2017)

WILLI-AIR experiment is designed to study the muon charge ratio in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) produced by primary cosmic particles with energy lower than 1015 eV. It consists in two parts represented by two existing experiments, WILLI detector and AIR mini-array. The WILLI calorimeter has been built with the aim to measure the atmospheric muons and to discriminate between µ+ and µ−. The experimental method is based on different behavior of negative and positive muons after stopping in the matter. The EAS are measured by the AIR array, composed of 24 stations, each with a detection surface of 1m2 read out by two photomultipliers. In order to use as best as we can the properties of both capabilities, the array configuration was previously established through CORSIKA simulations, being placed at about 50 m from WILLI electromagnetic calorimeter. Fast and integrated electronics have been developed in order to process the signals from PMT’s. An MBS system was chosen as a fast DAQ. This document is presenting the evolution of the work on hardware and the current results regarding the electronics capability.
Evaluation of the Potential to Produce Biogas and Other Energetic Coproducts Using Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater Generated at Shrimp Processing Operations (2019)

Shrimp processors in the United States each year operate via a staggered schedule of harvest runs that usually encompass about two to four months per run staggered between two to three month intervals. They typically use aerobic biotreatment for their wastewater management which yields no coproducts. This study considered a scenario where intermittent use of an anaerobic digester to produce methane (via biogas) during treatment of the wastewater was evaluated as if the digester was restarted multiple times per year. The overall study goal was to determine if an anaerobic digester could meet treatment goals (set at 60% removal of the chemical oxygen demand or COD) while producing a biogas containing >60% CH4 (v/v). The results indicated that nitrogen amending coupled with adding a microbial seed collected at the digester from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant provides good performance in terms of both biogas production and COD removal. Digestion of the shrimp processing wastewater yielded high levels of methane in the biogas at over 70% (v/v). About 3.5 ft3 CH4 per pound of input COD was produced in the nutrient amended and seeded digester system. Anaerobic digestion can produce other valuable products other than biogas such as volatile organic acids (VOAs), including acetic, proprionic, and lactic acids. Approximately 2 g/L of VOAs could be produced via a 10 day hydraulic residence time using a similar system that was pretreated via conditions reported by others to enhance the production of VOAs, but the level of VOA production obtained was not considered economically attractive. An assessment of the economics of a centralized digestion system that could service multiple processors indicated that the centralized unit would produce a slightly higher return on investment than that typically observed with digestion systems at animal raising and food processing facilities.