gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the possibility of semiconducting BaSi2for thin-film solar cell applications (2015)

Semiconducting BaSi2 has attractive features for thin-film solar cell applications because both a large absorption coefficient and a long minority-carrier diffusion length can be utilized. In this article, we explore the possibility of semiconducting BaSi2 films for thin-film solar cell applications. Recent experimental results on the optical absorption coefficient, minority-carrier diffusion length, and minority-carrier lifetime in undoped n-BaSi2 films are presented. After that, the photoresponse spectra are calculated for a BaSi2 p+n abrupt homojunction diode based on the one-dimensional carrier continuity equation using previously reported experimental values. The individual contributions of the three layers, that is, the neutral p+-type layer, the depletion region, and the neutral n-type layer, to the total photoresponse are discussed. The photoresponse depends on parameters such as layer thickness, minority-carrier diffusion length, and surface recombination velocity. We further estimate the photocurrent density and the open-circuit voltage under AM 1.5 illumination.
A Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction-based Integrate-and-Fire Neuron (2022)

Event-based neuromorphic systems provide a low-power solution by using artificial neurons and synapses to process data asynchronously in the form of spikes. Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions (FTJs) are ultra low-power memory devices and are well-suited to be integrated in these systems. Here, we present a hybrid FTJ-CMOS Integrate-and-Fire neuron which constitutes a fundamental building block for new-generation neuromorphic networks for edge computing. We demonstrate electrically tunable neural dynamics achievable by tuning the switching of the FTJ device.
Modeling the Dynamic Behavior of Magnetostrictive Actuators (2010)

This paper deals with the modeling and design of magnetostrictive devices in dynamic regime. It starts from an approach which couples a physical model of the magnetostriction with a finite-element electromagnetic field analysis of the entire device. A first study, previously published by the authors and developed under the simplifying hypothesis of steady-state working conditions, is here extended to arbitrary supply conditions, including the mechanical coupling. The proposed time domain model is applied to the analysis of a prototype of magnetostrictive actuator, equipped with sensors for global and local measurements. The model has been validated with experiments and then applied to the analysis of the role of electrical and mechanical parameters.
Temperature dependence of Young’s modulus and degradation of chemical vapor deposited diamond (1999)

Temperature dependent measurements of Young’s modulus were performed for the first time on black and transparent bulk material of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond by a dynamic three point bending method in a temperature range from −150 to 850 °C. The CVD specimens correspond to a room-temperature Young’s modulus of single crystal diamond (1143 GPa). A lower Young’s modulus of polycrystalline diamond is caused by crystal imperfections and impurities. At temperatures between −150 and 600 °C (black type) or −150 and 700 °C (transparent type) the Young’s modulus is only slightly temperature dependent and decreases monotonically with an average temperature coefficient of −1.027×10−4 K−1, which is much higher than theoretically expected. At higher temperatures the bending stiffness and apparent Young’s modulus of the diamond beams are drastically reduced to one third of the initial value before fracture occurs due to oxygen etching effects in air. The onset temperature of this degradation phenomenon and the rate of decline are dependent on grain size, texture and the crystal lattice imperfections of the CVD diamond material.
Experimental studies of the relationship of processing to the crack growth of carbon‐black‐loaded SBR—cis‐polybutadiene compounds (1982)

Abstract The crack growth of a highly carbon‐black‐loaded SBR— cis ‐polybutadiene (BR) blend is investigated as a function of the distribution of carbon black in the individual rubber phases. The blend compound consists of SBR/BR/carbon black/oil = 60/40/85/60 by weight ratio and curatives. A new “old process” is devised to control the carbon black distribution in the individual rubber phases, that is, cross mixing the SBR and BR black master batches with different amounts of carbon black in the SBR and BR patches. The results show that crack growth is very sensitive to the carbon black distribution. A better crack growth resistance compound is seen containing proportionately more carbon black in the major rubber SBR phase. A simple analogy of rubber blends to the rubber‐modified thermoplastics is proposed to interpret these findings. The heat buildup of the blends is also affected by the carbon black distribution. A low heat buildup compound is observed in the system in which more carbon black is in the SBR batch, which is also a better crack growth resistance compound. It is not unexpected that the strength of rubbers decreases with increase of temperature, and so the rate of crack growth becomes faster as heat builds up.
An extended qualitative controller (1991)

The application of qualitative reasoning methods in process control is discussed. The work presented is confined to SISO systems with different experimental processes used as application examples. The work shows that pure qualitative knowledge is insufficient to build an efficient controller. Significant improvements can be obtained by combining the qualitative model with process-related quantitative knowledge. The potential advantages of combining qualitative control with state estimation and conventional quantitative control schemes are demonstrated. >
Integrity for High Accuracy GNSS Correction Services (2019)

The adoption of high-precision GNSS positioning technology in autonomous applications such as automotive, rail and marine industries, has brought with it the need for high integrity and reliability in addition to high accuracy. In most cases for the autonomous industries, high integrity and safety in fact takes priority over achieving the highest accuracy possible. Recently, continental and global-scale GNSS augmentation services have extended coverage and flexibility allowing for the diversity of applications to grow dramatically. Up to now, integrity and safety information have not been a priority for these services or the end user algorithms employing the services. Bringing together the traditional high accuracy GNSS services technology used in legacy systems with the safety-critical technologies and processes required for autonomous applications creates a new technology category. Creating synergy between all different aspects involved such as high-end data processing algorithms, real-time data transmission, end-to-end encryption, and finally functional safety assurance is a challenging task and requires multi-disciplinary approach, deep understanding of GNSS error modeling and risk assessment, resulting in a unique solution to serve the overall autonomous industry. This paper focus on aspects of the design, construction, operation and performance of the first safety-critical, highaccuracy augmentation services created for autonomous applications.
MYAMBUTOL (Ethambutol Hydrochloride) (2017)

This chapter provides basic characteristics, FDA-approved indications, side effects/toxicity, dosage information, drug/food interactions and antimicrobial therapy art of MYAMBUTOL (ethambutol hydrochloride). Ethambutol hydrochloride inhibits arabinosyl transferase enzymes involved in biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall. Ethambutol hydrochloride is used for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in combination with other antimycobacterial agents. It is also used for: treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, including Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, M. kansasii, M. bovis, and infection due to BCG. Side effects of ethambutol hydrochloride are optic neuritis, peripheral neuropathy, rash, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, dermatitis, arthralgias, fever, and elevations of serum uric acid with precipitation of acute gout. All patients receiving ethambutol should have evaluation of visual acuity and color vision at initiation of therapy and at least monthly during therapy. Since the visual toxicity is dose-related, serum levels should be assayed in patients with renal impairment.
ADM for grid CRF loss in CNN segmentation (2018)

The simplicity of gradient descent (GD) made it the default method for training ever-deeper and complex neural networks. Both loss functions and architectures are often explicitly tuned to be amenable to this basic local optimization. In the context of weakly-supervised CNN segmentation, we demonstrate a well-motivated loss function where an alternative optimizer (ADM) achieves the state-of-the-art while GD performs poorly. Interestingly, GD obtains its best result for a smoother tuning of the loss function. The results are consistent across different network architectures. Our loss is motivated by well-understood MRF/CRF regularization models in shallow segmentation and their known global solvers. Our work suggests that network design/training should pay more attention to optimization methods.
Mobile application analytics : specification for an online analytics tool (2010)

The purpose of the project was to develop a concept description over an analysis tool for mobile devices. This analytics tool is intended to be used by mobile application developers all over the world. The tool will assist them in their work by providing insight regarding the users’ behaviors along with other interesting information regarding their application(s). This project has foremost strived to find out which information is interesting, but a lot of time has also been spent on creating a user friendly design. The gathering of information began by studying a large amount of already published material which was then supplemented by a questionnaire, interviews, and studies of already existing programs on the market. From this information a concept was developed and later on evaluated through user testing. The user tests resulted in improvements of the original concept. Finally, the project resulted in a concept description of how a mobile analytics tool could work along with suggestions of future studies which could be of interest.
Analysis of nanoscale crystalline structure of In-Ga-Zn-O thin film with nano beam electron diffraction (2013)

In-Ga-Zn-O thin films formed by a sputtering method, in which distinct crystallinity was not observed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED), were analyzed with nano-beam electron diffraction (NBED). As a result, upon analysis on an about 10-nm-thick area of a sample with the use of a beam with an irradiation area of 1 nmφ, we have found that crystals which are not aligned in a certain direction exist in the In-Ga-Zn-O thin film unlike in an amorphous structure. Further, a result of comparison between NBED measurement results and electron-beam diffraction simulation results has suggested that the In-Ga-Zn-O thin film has a structure different from an amorphous structure and is a group of nano-crystals of In-Ga-Zn-O (nc-IGZOs) with a size of 1.0 nm to 3.0 nm not aligned in a certain direction.
Design and Development of a Safety Vacuum Release System (2007)

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission collects data on entrapments from suction in suction outlets in swimming pools and Spas. There are currently two national specifications for the testing and marking of manufactured safety vacuum release systems for swimming pools, spas and hot tubs: ASTM designation F2387-04 Standard Specification for Manufactured Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) for Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs, and ASME A112.19.17-2002 Manufactured Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) for Residential and Commercial Swimming Pool, Spa, Hot Tub, and Wading Pool Suction Systems. Over the last two years an electronically controlled system, containing several safety functions, in addition to those specified in the standards, has been developed, tested by an outside laboratory and certified to meet both the applicable standards. This paper includes the results of the testing and changes to the system to meet both the specifications and internal worse case failure analysis. This paper compares and contrasts the two applicable standards, as well as detailing the results of testing both in the laboratory and in the field.
Challenges and New Trends for Piezoelectric Actuators (2008)

BiScO3-PbTiO3 ceramics with TC greater than 400 C has been successfully processed. Despite the increase in TC, excess Pb addition increases both the bulk conductivity and the grain boundary contribution to conductivity at elevated temperatures. Conductivity at elevated temperatures, that limits the operating temperature for actuators, has been greatly reduced by excess Bi additions. Excess Bi doping improves poling conditions resulting in enhanced piezoelectric coefficient (d(sub 33) = 408 pC/N).
Luminescence thermochromism of acrylic materials incorporating copper iodide clusters (2011)

By incorporating molecular copper iodide clusters of formula [Cu4I4L4] (L = PPh2(CH2)2CH3) into an UV-polymerizable acrylic resin, namely BEDA (Bisphenol-a-EthoxylateDiAcrylate), transparent and highly emitting photoluminescent composite materials have been synthesized. In these materials, the original luminescence properties of the copper iodide cluster and the transparency and processability of the acrylic matrix are combined. Study of the photopolymerization kinetics shows that the clusters incorporated in low concentration have limited influence on the polymerization reaction leading to a highly cross-linking polymeric matrix. These composite materials exhibit thermochromic luminescence properties with intense emissions varying with the temperature. A perfectly controlled luminescence thermochromism is observed due to a ‘protecting effect’ of the matrix preventing the non-radiative phenomenon of the cluster luminescence. The patterning of these UV-polymerizable photoluminescent films has been also realized by the UV-NIL technique to optimize the light-emitting properties of these materials. The surface patterning acts as a diffraction grating to extract the light which was previously guided inside the film. Moreover, the nanopatterning allows tuning of the emission color of the film as a function of the viewing angle. These composite materials present potential applications as photoactive systems with emission wavelength sensitive to the temperature and the surface nanostructuration.
Noise analysis for high-fidelity quantum entangling gates in an anharmonic linear Paul trap (2018)

The realization of high-fidelity quantum gates in a multiqubit system, with a typical target set at $99.9%$, is a critical requirement for the implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computation. To reach this level of fidelity, one needs to carefully analyze the noises and imperfections in the experimental system and optimize the gate operations to mitigate their effects. Here, we consider one of the leading experimental systems for the fault-tolerant quantum computation, ions in an anharmonic linear Paul trap, and optimize entangling quantum gates using segmented laser pulses with the assistance of all the collective transverse phonon modes of the ion crystal. We present detailed analyses of the effects of various kinds of intrinsic experimental noises as well as errors from imperfect experimental controls. Through explicit calculations, we find the requirements on these relevant noise levels and control precisions to achieve the targeted high fidelity of $99.9%$ for the entangling quantum gates in a multi-ion crystal.
Presentation Patterns and Surgical Management of the Complications of Thread Rhinoplasty (2022)

Objectives. Nonsurgical rhinoplasty using threads has gained popularity in recent years. While the benefits of this procedure have been emphasized, possible complications and their management are not well-known. This study aimed to present the surgical management and results of the complications of thread rhinoplasty.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of seven patients who underwent revision rhinoplasty due to the complications of thread rhinoplasty from January 2018 to May 2021. The presentation of complications, detailed surgical procedures, and outcomes of revision rhinoplasty were reviewed.Results. Visible or extruded threads at the tip were the most common complication, followed by dorsum irregularity. All the threads were unabsorbed and intact in shape, even several years after insertion. Thread removal necessitated careful tissue dissection, resulting in the loss of tip support and dorsal irregularity. To restore the tip support and camouflage the dorsum shape, an autologous tissue graft was needed.Conclusion. Removal of threads at the tip and dorsum was accompanied by structural weakening and partial tissue loss, which required tip support restoration and dorsum camouflage.
Xanthoangelol and 4-Hydroxyderricin Are the Major Active Principles of the Inhibitory Activities against Monoamine Oxidases on Angelica keiskei K (2013)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) have been widely used as antidepressants. Recently, there has been renewed interest in MAO inhibitors. The activity-guided fractionation of extracts from Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (A. keiskei K.) led to the isolation of two prenylated chalcones, xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin and a flavonoid, cynaroside. These three isolated compounds are the major active ingredients of A. keiskei K. to inhibit the MAOs and DBH activities. Xanthoangelol is a nonselective MAO inhibitor, and a potent dopamine <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor. <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> values of xanthoangelol to MAO-A and MAO-B were calculated to be 43.4 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>, and 43.9 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>. These values were very similar to iproniazid, which is a nonselective MAO inhibitor used as a drug against depression. The <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> values of iproniazid were 37 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>, and 42.5 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> in our parallel examination. Moreover, <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of xanthoangelol to DBH was calculated 0.52 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>. 4-Hydroxyderricin is a potent selective MAO-B inhibitor and also mildly inhibits DBH activity. The <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of 4-hydroxyderricin to MAO-B was calculated to be 3.43 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> and this value was higher than that of deprenyl (0.046 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>) used as a positive control for selective MAO-B inhibitor in our test. Cynaroside is a most potent DBH inhibitor. The <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of cynaroside to DBH was calculated at 0.0410 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX>. Results of this study suggest that the two prenylated chalcones, xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin isolated from A. keiskei K., are expected for potent candidates for development of combined antidepressant drug. A. keiskei K. will be an excellent new bio-functional food material that has the combined antidepressant effect.
Interaction between the electromagnetic fields and the plasma in a microwave plasma reactor (2004)

We investigate the interaction between electromagnetic (EM) fields and a hydrogen plasma in a resonance-type microwave plasma reactor, by combining an elementary theoretical analysis and a self-consistent two-dimensional numerical model. We show that the EM fields in the reactor are strongly modified by the presence of plasma; due to absorption the standing wave patterns of the field intensity are less pronounced. In turn, the electric field controls the electron temperature and the plasma formation. For typical conditions (field frequency 2.45GHz, gas pressure 10–200mbar, gas temperature 2000–3000K) it is not just the electric field that controls the plasma, but rather the reduced electric field, i.e., the ratio of electric field strength to gas particle density. We show that the dependence of the reduced field on the gas temperature has a reinforcing effect on plasma formation and may cause jumps in the spatial plasma configuration as a function of power or pressure. We also show that the plasma size is limited by the skin effect.
Validation of Finite Element Image Registration‐based Cardiac Strain Estimation from Magnetic Resonance Images (2019)

Abstract Accurate assessment of regional and global function of the heart is an important readout for the diagnosis and routine evaluation of cardiac patients. Indeed, recent clinical and experimental studies suggest that compared to global metrics, regional measures of function could allow for more accurate diagnosis and early intervention for many cardiac diseases. Although global strain measures derived from tagged magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have been shown to be reproducible for the majority of image registration techniques, the measurement of regional heterogeneity of strain is less robust. Moreover, radial strain is underestimated with the current techniques even globally. Finite element (FE)‐based techniques offer a mechanistic approach for the regularization of the ill‐posed registration problem. This paper presents the validation of a recently proposed FE‐based image registration method with mechanical regularization named equilibrated warping. For this purpose, synthetic 3D‐tagged MR images are generated from a reference biomechanical model of the left ventricle (LV). The performance of the registration algorithm is consequently tested on the images with different signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs), revealing the robustness of the method.
Electroluminescence from erbium and oxygen coimplanted GaN (1996)

Room temperature operation of erbium and oxygen coimplanted GaN m-i-n (metal–insulator–n-type) diodes is demonstrated. Erbium related electroluminescence at λ=1.54 μm was detected under reverse bias after a postimplant anneal at 800°C for 45 min in flowing NH3. The integrated light emission intensity showed a linear dependence on applied reverse drive current.
The Penguin concise dictionary of computing (2004)

This is a compact but up-to-date guide to the world of computers and PCs. It explains computing concepts and also offers definitions of jargon, abbreviations and the language of particular software packages. It is designed to be accessible to anyone who owns a PC or Mac, but should also help programmers and software engineers.
Copper( II ) Triflate as Additive in Low Loading Au(I) ‐Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes (2016)

Abstract The use of copper salts as additives in Au(I)‐catalyzed reactions allows the gradual delivery of [LAu] + from a reservoir of stable LAuX. With the Au/Cu catalytic system, it becomes possible to carry out gram‐scale reactions in a small amount of solvent, even at elevated temperature, without observing the formation of Au(0). Since then, we have worked on the scope of this Au/Cu catalytic system. The practical features of this method, including its operational simplicity, make it an expedient alternative to traditional methods.