gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical evaluation of six types of reconstruction following 25, 50, and 75% resection of the proximal femur (1994)

The structural stiffness and the stiffness of the osteotomy site after six types of reconstruction of the proximal femur were compared by testing in axial compression, mediolateral bending, and axial torsion in a canine model. An osteotomy was carried out for 25, 50, or 75% of the length of each femur, and the proximal portion was replaced by one of five allograft/endoprosthetic composites or a segmental replacement. The reconstructions included (a) a composite press-fit proximally and cemented distally, (b) a composite cemented proximally and distally, (c) a composite cemented proximally and fixed with two plates at the allograft-host bone interface, (d) a composite cemented proximally and secured distally with bicortical screws, (e) a composite secured proximally and distally with bicortical screws, and (f) a segmental prosthesis cemented into the distal femur. The results showed that the segmental reconstruction and the reconstruction with double-plate fixation and a cemented endoprosthesis were structurally stiffer and had greater stiffness of the osteotomy site than the other reconstructions. In comparison, reconstructions that involved cement alone or cement and press-fit techniques generally were more compliant than the others, both structurally and at the osteotomy site.
Coexisting Large and Small Vessel Disease in Patients with Ischemic Stroke of Undetermined Cause (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background and Purpose:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small vessel disease (SVD) share common risk factors for stroke. We aimed at investigating the association of SVD with cerebral LAA as well as with atherosclerosis in patients with stroke likely to originate from aortic plaques. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We investigated 71 consecutive patients (48 men, mean age 64.2 ± 13 years) with ischemic stroke of undetermined cause according to the ASCO classification, who received ECG-triggered CT angiography for best available atherosclerotic plaque detection in the aorta. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Aortic atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 54 patients (76.1%). The presence of SVD significantly correlated with the presence of aortic plaques (p &lt; 0.001), as well as LAA (p &lt; 0.001) and risk factors such as arterial hypertension (p = 0.032) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.017). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Aortic plaques are common in patients with stroke of undetermined cause. If so, SVD and LAA are often coexisting, which demonstrates the close link of macro- and microangiopathy, at least in cases of severe risk factors of atherosclerosis.
Supplementary material from "An integrated platform to facilitate the calculation, validation and visualization of optical flow velocities in biological images" (2021)

Optical flow algorithms have seen poor adoption in the biological community as compared to particle image velocimetry (PIV) due to the lack of proper validation and an intuitive user interface. To address these challenges, we present OpFlowLab, an integrated platform that integrates our motion estimation workflow. Using routines in our workflow, we demonstrate that optical flow algorithms are more accurate than PIV in synthetic images of nuclei. Qualitative assessment with actual nuclei images further supported this finding. Additionally, we show that refinement of the optical flow velocities is possible with a simple object matching procedure, opening the possibility to obtain reasonable velocity estimates under less ideal imaging conditions. To visualize velocity fields, we employ artificial tracers to allow for the drawing of pathlines. Through the adoption of OpFlowLab, we are confident that optical flow algorithms will allow for the exploration of dynamic biological systems in greater accuracy and detail.
Serious games as a means for holistically supporting Parkinson's Disease patients: The i-PROGNOSIS personalized game suite framework (2017)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a well-known progressive and neurodegenerative disorder, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life. Motivated by the increased adoption of serious games in health care interventions sector in the last years, an unobtrusive approach is explored here, realised via the i-PROGNOSIS interventions platform (www.i-prognosis.eu), consisting of a game-based suite. In this way, targeting intelligent early detection and intervention in PD area, the Personalised Game Suite (PGS) design approach is presented, integrating different serious games in a unified platform. Overall, this comprehensive review gives an overview of studies examining motor and non-motor symptoms for PD along with the PGS design approach, in order to inform researchers and game designers for its consideration in the self-management of PD.
Desarrollo de guía para el diseño de biseles plásticos automotrices moldeados por inyección (2018)

Los plasticos son unos de los materiales ingenieriles mas utilizados en la actualidad. En el ramo automotriz, su versatilidad les ha permitido encontrar aplicaciones diversas, ocupando al dia de hoy aproximadamente el 50% del volumen de un vehiculo. Sin embargo, el diseno de componentes plasticos continua siendo un proceso basado en la experiencia, lo cual en muchos casos resulta en retrasos en la produccion, afectando directamente los costos. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una guia de diseno para una familia de componentes utilizados en el ramo automotriz: los biseles. Para el desarrollo de esta guia se estudiaron los diferentes elementos que componen un bisel y mediante diversas simulaciones en MoldFlow Plastics Insight se determinaron los parametros geometricos optimos para cada elemento. La guia es validada con el diseno de un bisel para una palanca de velocidades. Palabra(s) Clave(s): automotriz, bisel, diseno, inyeccion, plastico.
Procedimiento de síntesis de material MWW en su forma nanocristalina y su uso en aplicaciones catalíticas (2020)

Procedimiento de síntesis del material MWW en su forma nanocristalina y su uso en aplicaciones catalíticas. Procedimiento de síntesis de un material con estructura zeolítica MVWV en su forma nanocristalina, que comprende los siguientes pasos: i) Preparación de una mezcla que comprenda una fuente de agua, al menos una fuente de un elemento tetravalente Y, al menos una fuente de un elemento trivalente X, al menos una fuente de un catión alcalino o alcalinotérreo (A), y al menos dos moléculas orgánicas (ADEO1 y ADEO2), donde ADEO1 es un amonio cuaternario monocíclico en que uno de los sustituyentes es una cadena alquílica de 3-6 átomos de carbono, y ADEO2 está seleccionado entre cualquier amina o amonio capaz de dirigir la formación de MWW. ii) Cristalización de la mezcla obtenida en i) en un reactor. iii) Recuperación del material cristalino obtenido en ii).
DETERMINANTS OF RECURRENT ACUTE REJECTION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (1999)

312 Recipients with recurrent (>1) acute rejection (AR) episodes have significantly lower graft survival rates versus those with no AR or only 1 treated episode (Graph 1). However, less than 50% of recipients treated for 1 AR episode will have another episode. We studied recipients with at least 1 AR episode to determine if any clinical features could identify risk factors for recurrent AR. Between 1/01/84 and 6/30/97, 1793 recipients underwent kidney transplant; of these, 354 were treated for 1 AR episode, 307 for greater than 1. By multivariate analysis, recipients at highest risk for recurrent AR were those with initial delayed or slow graft function (RR = 1.5, p=0.05), those with initially severe AR (as judged by vascular involvement or steroid resistance), and those with an initial early AR episode (<6 months posttransplant). The remaining variables tested were not significant (Table). Graft survival in recipients with greater than 1 AR episode was significantly lower versus those with only 1 AR episode (Graph, p=0.0001). (Figure)TableFigureConclusion: Clinical features may be used to identify recipients at higher risk for recurrent AR episodes. They can then be targeted with more aggressive or novel immunosuppression regimens in an attempt to reduce the likelihood of another AR episode.
VeGen: a vectorizer generator for SIMD and beyond (2021)

Vector instructions are ubiquitous in modern processors. Traditional compiler auto-vectorization techniques have focused on targeting single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions. However, these auto-vectorization techniques are not sufficiently powerful to model non-SIMD vector instructions, which can accelerate applications in domains such as image processing, digital signal processing, and machine learning. To target non-SIMD instruction, compiler developers have resorted to complicated, ad hoc peephole optimizations, expending significant development time while still coming up short. As vector instruction sets continue to rapidly evolve, compilers cannot keep up with these new hardware capabilities.
Level of dietary energy and 2,4-thiazolidinedione alter molecular and systemic biomarkers of inflammation and liver function in Holstein cows (2017)

Based on molecular and blood data, administration of TZD enhanced some aspects of insulin sensitivity while causing contradictory results in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress. The bovine liver is TZD-responsive and level of dietary energy can modify the effects of TZD. Because insulin sensitizers have been proposed as useful tools to manage dairy cows during the transition period, further studies are required to investigate the potential hepatotoxicity effect of TZD (or similar compounds) in dairy cattle.
The Effect of Triterpenoid Compounds on Uninfected and Herpes Simplex Virus-infected Cells in Culture. III. Ultrastructural Study of Virion Maturation (1988)

Electron microscope studies been made of mock-infected or herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (strain 17)- or HSV-2(strain HG52)-infected Flow 2002 cells grown in the absence or presence of various concentrations of cicloxolone sodium (CCX). Fifty non-serial, thin sections of mock-infected or HSV-infected cells, which contained a portion of the nucleus, were examined by transmission electron microscopy. With increasing drug concentration, counts of capsid structures both in the nucleus and cytoplasm showed a decrease in the number of virions per cell section, an increase in the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic virus, a relative reduction in the percentage of cytoplasmic enveloped virus particles, but no effect on the ratio of empty to core-containing capsid structures. The high particle to p.f.u. ratio induced by CCX treatment is thus not explained through failure to assemble morphologically mature core-containing capsids. In part it can be explained by non-envelopment, but in addition, specific effects on other virion proteins (tegument and envelope) must be involved. The extracellular virus particle yield was unaffected, indicating that CCX treatment enhances the egress of HSV. In the presence of CCX the encapsidation of HSV DNA into DNase-resistant structures was unaffected.
PKC and the Control of Apoptosis (2010)

Cells respond to a wide range of cellular toxins by inducing a suicide pathway known as apoptosis. Apoptosis plays a critical role in development, tissue remodeling, and in the removal of damaged and genetically altered cells. Activation of cell death pathways must be tightly regulated as too much or too little apoptosis can have drastic consequences for tissue homeostasis and for disease initiation and progression. While the mechanism of how apoptosis is executed has been extensively studied, little is known about how other signaling pathways influence the decision to die. In this regard, members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases are emerging as important modulators of the apoptotic response. Here we will discuss the role of specific PKC isoforms in regulating cell death, and address how alterations in the expression or activity of some of these kinases contribute to human diseases.
A Functional Role for Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Spatial Pattern Separation (2009)

The dentate gyrus (DG) of the mammalian hippocampus is hypothesized to mediate pattern separation-the formation of distinct and orthogonal representations of mnemonic information-and also undergoes neurogenesis throughout life. How neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal function is largely unknown. Using adult mice in which hippocampal neurogenesis was ablated, we found specific impairments in spatial discrimination with two behavioral assays: (i) a spatial navigation radial arm maze task and (ii) a spatial, but non-navigable, task in the mouse touch screen. Mice with ablated neurogenesis were impaired when stimuli were presented with little spatial separation, but not when stimuli were more widely separated in space. Thus, newborn neurons may be necessary for normal pattern separation function in the DG of adult mice.
Single-Image HDR Reconstruction by Learning to Reverse the Camera Pipeline (2020)

Recovering a high dynamic range (HDR) image from a single low dynamic range (LDR) input image is challenging due to missing details in under-/over-exposed regions caused by quantization and saturation of camera sensors. In contrast to existing learning-based methods, our core idea is to incorporate the domain knowledge of the LDR image formation pipeline into our model. We model the HDRto-LDR image formation pipeline as the (1) dynamic range clipping, (2) non-linear mapping from a camera response function, and (3) quantization. We then propose to learn three specialized CNNs to reverse these steps. By decomposing the problem into specific sub-tasks, we impose effective physical constraints to facilitate the training of individual sub-networks. Finally, we jointly fine-tune the entire model end-to-end to reduce error accumulation. With extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on diverse image datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against state-of-the-art single-image HDR reconstruction algorithms.
Interaction of human factor H with PspC of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (2004)

FH binding is specific to PspC on the pneumococcal cell surface. The binding region on PspC mapped to the non-conserved N-terminal region of the alpha-helical domain. The binding site on FH to PspC is different from the active site that functions in degradation of C3b. A haemolysis assay provided evidence that the functional activity of FH was maintained upon binding to PspC. Thus, binding of FH to PspC might be an important mechanism by which S. pneumoniae resist complement activation and opsonophagocytosis.
Drying of Biomass Particles: Experimental Study and Comparison of the Performance of a Conventional Fluidized Bed and a Rotating Fluidized Bed in a Static Geometry (2013)

The performance of a conventional fluidized bed and a rotating fluidized bed in a static geometry (RFB-SG) for the drying of woody biomass is experimentally studied. The performance with respect to the specific biomass drying rate, product uniformity, and air utilization is evaluated. RFB-SGs are shown to intensify the drying process by easily one order of magnitude, due to a combination of increased gas–solid slip velocities and improved particle bed density and uniformity. The cost in terms of increased and less efficient air utilization can be minimized by optimizing the RFB-SG drying chamber design.
Image inpainting using cubic hermit spline (2011)

Image inpainting is a technique used to automatically recover the damaged or missing regions in digital images and is used to remove the unwanted objects from images. This paper presents a novel approach for recovering the damaged regions of digital images using splines. The proposed technique is divided into two steps. In the first step structure of the object in the damaged region is recovered using splines. The animator marks a reasonable number of points on the structure of the object around the damaged region. Using these points a spline is constructed and the isophote lines arriving at the contours of the damaged region are interpolated into the damaged regions using that spline. After recovering the structure of the object in the damaged or missing region, in the second step, a fill in process is done to fill in the color information in the damaged region. Any interpolation technique can be used in the second step to flow the color information into the damaged region. The proposed algorithm is tested over a large variety of images and has sown excellent results to restore the small damaged regions and satisfactory results for large damaged regions
Problems and paradigms: Multifunctional proteins suggest connections between transcriptional and post‐transcriptional processes (1997)

Recent findings indicate that substantial cross-talk may exist between transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Firstly, there are suggestions that specific promoters influence the post-transcriptional fate of transcripts, pointing to communication between protein complexes assembled on DNA and nascent pre-mRNA. Secondly, an increasing number of proteins appear to be multifunctional, participating in transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. The classic example is TFIIIA, required for both the transcription of 5S rRNA genes and the packaging of 5S rRNA. TFIIIA is now joined by the Y-box proteins, which bind DNA (transcription activation and repression) and RNA (mRNA packaging). Furthermore, the tumour suppressor WT1, at first thought to be a typical transcription factor, may also be involved in splicing; conversely, hnRNP K, a bona fide pre-mRNA-binding protein, appears to be a transcription factor. Other examples of multifunctional proteins are mentioned: notably PTB, Sxl, La and PU.1. It is now reasonable to assert that some proteins, which were first identified as transcription factors, could just as easily have been identified as splicing factors, hnRNP, mRNP proteins and vice versa. It is no longer appropriate to view gene expression as a series of compartmentalised processes; instead, multifunctional proteins are likely to co-ordinate different steps of gene expression.
Optical Fiber Sensors to Detect Volatile Organic Compound in Sick Building Syndrome Applications (2010)

Health issues, such as Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), are being taken into account in new constructions, houses and several non industrial environments. SBS produces several manifestations, for example, respiratory irritative symptoms, headache and fatigue. It is caused by several factors. Most of them are related with the air quality, and the presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), among other parameters. It is obvious that is very important to keep these parameters under control, and so, the development of new devices to achieve this is more and more interesting during last few years. Some important features using sensors for this application are robustness, easy installation, on line and real time use. Although there are electronic devices already available, optical fiber sensors offer all the performances mentioned before, as well as other ones exclusive of this technology: sensors networking and electromagnetic immunity mainly. In this work, we will show a review about the SBS aim, the sensing architectures of optical fiber technology, and the opportunities that it has in this increasing market niche.
Positive identification of the puberty-accelerating pheromone of the house mouse: the volatile ligands associating with the major urinary protein (1999)

Five structurally diverse small ligands, all binding to the major urinary protein (MUP) of the male house mouse, show individually puberty-accelerating pheromonal activity in the recipient females. A recombinant MUP (identical structurally to the natural protein) has shown no biological activity. While four of these ligands were previously implicated in oestrus synchronization (Whitten effect), the same chemosignals now appear responsible for both sexual maturation and cycling in adult females.
Activation of Human B Lymphocytes (1978)

Abstract Selective effects of in vitro azathioprine (AZ) on subpopulations of human lymphocytes involved in the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced plaque forming cell (PFC) response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) have been described. First, it was found that the responding B cell itself was very sensitive to AZ as concentrations as low as 0.01 µg/ml markedly suppressed the PWM-induced PFC responses of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear (MN) cell suspensions. The fact that AZ suppresses the PFC response of B cells only when added at the beginning of the cultures suggests that the drug interferes with some early events involved in B cell triggering by PWM. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that higher concentrations of AZ, i.e., 1 and 10 µg/ml selectively eliminated certain regulatory subsets of cells known to act as suppressors of this polyclonally induced PFC response. Preincubation of a) T cell-enriched (TCE) suspensions of cells, b) concanavalin A (Con A)-generated suppressor cells, and c) naturally occurring suppressor cells from nonresponder individuals with 1 and 10 µg/ml of AZ before co-culturing them with fresh MN cells in the presence of PWM caused a differential suppression of suppressor cell function and a selection for a pure helper effect with a resulting increase in B cell responses. Finally, regulatory helper cells were quite resistant to the in vitro effects of this drug as they still expressed their helper activity after pretreatment with 10 µg/ml AZ. Thus, this study demonstrated that B cells are highly sensitive, suppressor cells are less sensitive, and helper T cells are quite resistant to the in vitro effects of AZ.
Patterned growth on GaAs (311)A substrates: Engineering of growth selectivity for lateral semiconductor nanostructures (1999)

The growth selectivity on patterned GaAs (311)A substrates differs qualitatively from that on low-index (100) and (111) substrates. During molecular beam epitaxy of (Al,Ga)As, [01-1] oriented mesa stripes develop a fast growing convex sidewall. A continuous transition occurs towards the slow growing concave sidewall upon turning the mesa along the perpendicular [-233] direction without breaking up the growth front into microfacets. This allows their systematic combination at the corner or edge of intersecting mesa stripes appropriately inclined from [01-1] among which we highlight those involving fast growing sidewalls. The scenario, which is unique for patterned GaAs (311)A substrates, offers a novel degree of flexibility for the design of lateral functional semiconductor nanostructures.
Eight piece quadrupole magnet, method for aligning quadrupole magent pole tips (2023)

The invention provides an alternative to the standard 2-piece or 4-piece quadrupole. For example, an 8-piece and a 10-piece quadrupole are provided whereby the tips of each pole may be adjustable. Also provided is a method for producing a quadrupole using standard machining techniques but which results in a final tolerance accuracy of the resulting construct which is better than that obtained using standard machining techniques.