gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Cryogenic and room-temperature testing of a nanometer-class structural actuator for the Next-Generation Space Telescope</title> (1999)

Alson E. Hatheway Inc. in conjunction with the Schaeffer Magnetics Division of Moog Inc. has developed a dual-stage high precision structural actuator for use in precision spacecraft structures. The actuator is designed to operate equally well anywhere in the range from 20 degrees K to 300 degrees K. A test program has just been completed to evalute the performance of the actuator at the limits of the temperature range and this paper describes the test facilities, the test and the results. The actuator demonstrated a full stroke in excess of 10 millimeters and a resolution of 7.2 nanometers. The performance at cryogenic and room temperature appear to be the same.
Cerebral Oxygen/Glucose Ratio is Low during Sensory Stimulation and Rises above Normal during Recovery: Excess Glucose Consumption during Stimulation is Not Accounted for by Lactate Efflux from or Accumulation in Brain Tissue (1999)

Functional activation stimulates CMRglc more than CMRO2 and raises lactate levels in brain. This has been interpreted as evidence that brain work is supported mainly by energy derived from anaerobic glycolysis. To determine if lactate production accounts for the "excess" glucose consumption, cerebral arteriovenous differences were measured in conscious rats before, during, and 15 minutes after sensory stimulation; the brains were rapidly frozen in situ immediately after completion of blood sampling and assayed for metabolite levels. The molar O2/glucose uptake ratio fell from 6.1+/-1.1 (mean+/-SD) before stimulation to 5.0+/-1.1 during activation (P<0.01); lactate efflux from brain to blood was detectable at rest but not during stimulation. By 15 minutes after activation, O2 and lactate arteriovenous differences normalized, whereas that for glucose fell, causing the O2/glucose ratio to rise above preactivation levels to 7.7+/-2.6 (P<0.01). Brain glucose levels remained stable through all stages of activity. Brain lactate levels nearly doubled during stimulation but normalized within 15 minutes of recovery. Brain glycogen content fell during activation and declined further during recovery. These results indicate that brain glucose metabolism is not in a steady state during and shortly after activation. Furthermore, efflux from and increased content of lactate in the brain tissue accounted for less than 54% of the "excess" glucose used during stimulation, indicating that a shift to anaerobic glycolysis does not fully explain the disproportionately greater increases in CMRglc above that of CMRO2 in functionally activated brain. These results also suggest that the apparent dissociation between glucose utilization and O2 consumption during functional activation reflects only a temporal displacement; during activation, glycolysis increases more than oxidative metabolism, leading to accumulation of products in intermediary metabolic pools that are subsequently consumed and oxidized during recovery.
Adaptive Random Network Coding in WiMAX (2008)

The IEEE 802.16 standard, or WiMAX, has emerged as one of the strongest contenders for broadband wireless access technology. In our previous work, we proposed a protocol using random network coding in WiMAX MAC layer, which has indeed offered important advantages. In this paper, we propose adaptive random network coding in WiMAX by introducing two algorithms in order to further improve the performance. First, we utilize the channel state information feedback to dynamically construct the packets that could be better matched to the fluctuating channel conditions, so as to obtain a higher throughput. Second, we design the algorithm by adapting the number of upstream nodes, which helps to minimize the overhead of sender push of redundant coded blocks to the receiver even after the receiver has completely received the data segment. Coupled with random network coding, both algorithms offer salient performance improvement as evidenced in our simulation evaluation.
Bridged to Fused Ring Interchange. Methodology for the Construction of Fused Cycloheptanes and Cyclooctanes. Total Syntheses of Ledol, Ledene, and Compressanolide (1996)

The type two intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (T2IMDA) is an efficient method for the formation of medium rings. The methodology is particularly effective for the construction of seven- and eight-membered rings. A strategy for the synthesis of functionalized cycloheptanes and cyclooctanes has been developed that involves a bridged to fused ring interchange. The T2IMDA provides a synthesis for rigid bridged bicyclic molecules that can be stereoselectively elaborated before ozonolysis of the bridgehead double bond. Following oxidative cleavage, aldol condensation provides fused bicyclic ring systems that otherwise are difficult to synthesize. This methodology is amenable to the synthesis of terpene natural products. This is demonstrated here through total syntheses of (+/-)-ledol and (+/-)-ledene and a formal synthesis of (+/-)-compressanolide.
Lubricant thickness modulation and recovery for contact and near contact recording conditions (2010)

Lubricant distribution and recovery for near contact and contact recording conditions are experimentally investigated using Thermal Fly-height Control (TFC) sliders. Contact between the protruded center pad and the lubricant layer causes a thickness modulation together with lubricant depletion that grows with contact duration. In experiments using Z-dol+A20H and Z-tetraol+A20H with different thicknesses, a larger depletion is observed for the thicker lubricant of each type for a given TFC power. Lubricants with lower bonded fraction recover more quickly after the slider is unloaded. From the current experiments it is extrapolated that Z-dol+A20H (30% bonded) lubricant recovers in a time scale of a few hours to a day, while Z-tetraol+A20H (60% bonded) lubricant of comparable thickness takes a few days to fully recover.
Substrate emitting index coupled quantum cascade lasers using biperiodic top metal grating (2009)

We report on the design and experimental demonstration of a specific metal grating profile that enables a substrate emission of a quantum cascade laser. A low loss, index coupled, and horizontal cavity surface emitting laser (HCSEL) design is proposed, which is very robust against technological spreads. The detailed analysis of the metallic top grating is performed, enabling the laser still to operate as a distributed feedback laser while emitting from the substrate. Following this concept, HCSEL with InP cladding layers and InGaAs/AlInAs active regions have been fabricated. Room temperature HCSEL emitting at 5.65 μm with a low beam divergence is demonstrated.
Impact of Rotational Speed on the Discharge Characteristic of Stepped Labyrinth Seals (2007)

Current and future gas turbine engines are subject to increasing performance requirements and improved fuel efficiencies. The resultant engine cycles increase core flow temperatures requiring additional cooling flow while requiring a reduction in parasitic leakage by more than 25% to meet the performance goals. The achievement of the reduced leakage requires that seal design concepts be tested and improvements validated in engine like conditions before they are introduced into the actual engine. A previous paper [1] described a set of rotating seal designs that have been tested in various combinations of rotating and static design features for low leakage potential. This paper is a continuation of the previous effort and focuses in particular on the effect of rotational speeds on the discharge characteristic of various stepped labyrinth seal designs. Leakage reductions will be characterized in terms of CD/DD,0 (i.e. ratio of leakage rate with rotation over leakage rate without rotation) as a function of circumferential to axial through flow velocity, U/Cax. For large velocity ratios of U/Cax &amp;gt; 5, leakage reductions of more than 20% were observed. Experimental data are compared with literature [2].
Integrative Visuomotor Behavior Is Associated With Interregionally Coherent Oscillations in the Human Brain (1998)

Coherent electrical brain activity has been demonstrated to be associated with perceptual events in mammals. It is unclear whether or not it is also a mechanism instrumental in the performance of sensorimotor tasks requiring the continuous processing of information between primarily executive and receptive brain areas. In particular it is unknown whether or not interregional coherent activity detectable in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings on the scalp reflects interareal functional cooperativity in humans. We studied patterns of changes in EEG-coherence associated with a visuomotor force-tracking task in seven subjects. Interregional coherence of EEG signals recorded from scalp regions overlying the visual and the motor cortex increased in comparison to a resting condition when subjects tracked a visual target by producing an isometric force with their right index finger. Coherence between visual and motor cortex decreased when the subjects produced a similar motor output in the presence of a visual distractor and was unchanged in a purely visual and purely motor task. Increases and decreases of coherence were best differentiated in the low beta frequency range (13-21 Hz). This observation suggests a special functional significance of low frequency oscillations in information processing in large-scale networks. These findings substantiate the view that coherent brain activity underlies integrative sensorimotor behavior.
Fostering Scientific Workflow Preservation through Discovery of Substitute Services (2011)

Scientific workflows are increasingly gaining momentum as the new paradigm for modeling and enacting scientific experiments. The value of a workflow specification does not end once it is enacted. Indeed, workflow specifications encapsulate knowledge that documents scientific experiments, and are, therefore, worth preserving. Our experience suggests that workflow preservation is frequently hampered by the volatility of the constituent service operations when these operations are supplied by third-party providers. To deal with this issue, we propose a heuristic for locating substitutes that are able to replace unavailable service operations within workflows. The proposed method uses the data links connecting inputs and outputs of service operations in existing workflow specifications to locate operations with parameters compatible with those of the missing operations. Furthermore, it exploits provenance traces collected from past executions of workflows to ensure that candidate substitutes perform tasks similar to those of the missing operations. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been empirically assessed.
A two-layered forward model of tissue for electrical impedance tomography (2009)

Electrical impedance tomography is being explored as a technique to detect breast cancer, exploiting the differences in admittivity between normal tissue and tumors. In this paper, the geometry is modeled as an infinite half space under a hand-held probe. A forward solution and a reconstruction algorithm for this geometry were developed previously by Mueller et al (1999 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 46 1379). In this paper, we present a different approach which uses the decomposition of the forward solution into its Fourier components to obtain the forward solution and the reconstructions. The two approaches are compared in terms of the forward solutions and the reconstructions of experimental tank data. We also introduce a two-layered model to incorporate the presence of the skin that surrounds the body area being imaged. We demonstrate an improvement in the reconstruction of a target in a layered medium using this layered model with finite difference simulated data. We then extend the application of our layered model to human subject data and estimate the skin and the tissue admittivities for data collected on the human abdomen using an ultrasound-like hand-held EIT probe. Lastly, we show that for this set of human subject data, the layered model yields an improvement in predicting the measured voltages of around 81% for the lowest temporal frequency (3 kHz) and around 61% for the highest temporal frequency (1 MHz) applied when compared to the homogeneous model.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin determines the contractile phenotype of Dupuytren's nodular cells (2010)

The objective was to study Dupuytren's myofibroblast cells in constrained collagen matrices in order to more closely emulate their in vivo environment and, to correlate their contractility with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and determine if dermal fibroblasts regulate Dupuytren's myofibroblast phenotype. Isotonic and isometric force contraction by cells isolated from Dupuytren's nodules, palmar and non-palmar skin fibroblasts was measured in collagen matrices. The effect of co-culturing nodule cells with dermal fibroblasts on isometric contraction was examined. Isometric contraction was correlated with levels of alpha-SMA mRNA by pcr and protein by Western blotting, and alpha-SMA distribution assessed by immunofluorescence. Dupuytren's nodule cells exhibited similar levels of isotonic contraction to both palmar and non-palmar dermal fibroblasts. However, nodule cells generated high levels of isometric force (mean: 3.5 dynes/h), which continued to increase over 24 h to a maximum of 173 dynes. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts initially exhibited low levels of contraction (mean: 0.5 dynes/h) and reached tensional homeostasis on average after 15 h (range: 4-20 h), with a maximum force of 52 dynes. Although all three cell types had similar alpha-SMA mRNA levels, increased levels of alpha-SMA protein were observed in nodule cells compared to dermal fibroblasts. alpha-SMA localised to stress fibres in 35% (range: 26-50%) of nodule cells compared to only 3% (range:0-6%) of dermal fibroblasts. Co-cultures of Dupuytren's cells and dermal fibroblasts showed no contractile differences. The contractile phenotype of Dupuytren's myofibroblasts is determined by increased alpha-SMA protein distributed in stress fibres, not by cellular mRNA levels. Dupuytren's cell contractility is not influenced by dermal fibroblasts.
Clinical Testing for Tumor Cell-Free DNA: College of American Pathologists Proficiency Programs Reveal Practice Trends (2022)

These results highlight emerging practice trends and serve as a foundation to initiate future practice recommendations.
Feasibility of a heterodyne all-fibre optical gyroscope (1985)

The paper discusses the feasibility of a novel heterodyne approach to the design of an all-fibre optical gyroscope. The IF is produced by source frequency modulation which also serves to reduce the effective source coherence. Such a technique offers distinct advantages in that the optical medium is completely passive, making it ideal for an all-fibre approach.
An interest-driven approach to integrated unicast and multicast routing in MANETs (2008)

This paper introduces an integrated framework for multicast and unicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) based on interest-defined mesh enclaves. Such meshes are connected components of a MANET that span the sources and receivers of unicast and multicast flows. We present the Protocol for Routing in Interest-defined Mesh Enclaves (PRIME), which establishes meshes that are activated and deactivated by the presence or absence of interest in destinations and groups, and which confines most of the signaling overhead within regions of interest (enclaves) in such meshes. Experimental results based on simulations show that PRIME attains similar or better data delivery and end-to-end delays than traditional unicast and multicast routing schemes for MANETs (AODV, OLSR, ODMRP), and that PRIME incurs only a fraction of the signaling overhead of traditional routing schemes.
Prognostic value of Sjögren’s syndrome autoantibodies (2018)

Sjögren's syndrome is in part considered an autoimmune disease because patient sera contain antibodies binding self-structures. In fact, in addition to anti-Ro (or SSA) and anti-La (or SSB), which are included in the classification criteria, there are a wide variety of autoantibodies found among these patients. We reviewed English-language MEDLINE sources. Anti-Ro and anti-La found among healthy individuals, including mothers giving birth to infants with neonatal lupus, predicts future connective tissue disease. Those with Sjögren's syndrome can be divided into two groups; patients with only exocrine gland involvement and those with systemic disease. The presence of anti-Ro/La is associated with systemic, extraglandular disease. Rheumatoid factor is also associated with extraglandular disease while anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) is likely associated with inflammatory arthritis and progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are uncommon but predict progression to primary biliary cirrhosis. Cryoglobulinemia is found in excess among those with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Determination of autoantibodies on the sera of Sjögren's syndrome patients has prognostic implications for Sjögren's syndrome itself as well as associated diseases.
Postoperative radiation therapy for rectal cancer: An interim analysis of a prospective, randomized multicenter trial in the netherlands (1992)

peer reviewed
Effects of finite beam width and wind field divergence on Doppler radar measurements: Simulations (1997)

This paper describes the effects of wind field divergence on Doppler radar measurements. Incompressible fluids inherently have a horizontal divergence component in the presence of vertical gradients in the vertical motion. We present simulation studies which show that the radial velocity, measured from a vertically directed beam, can show a bias due to divergence created by the finite beam width effect. The bias can be of the order of a few centimeters per second, depending on beam width, divergence, and altitude. Furthermore, an indirect effect on the cross spectrum, which is typically used in multiple‐receiver wind profiling algorithms, will be presented. Divergence causes a deformation of the isodops, thus distorting the Doppler sorting process implicit in the interferometric crossspectrum calculation.
ChemInform Abstract: ANWENDUNG DER ESR‐SPEKTROSKOPIE AUF PROBLEME DER STRUKTUR UND KONFORMATION 20. MITT. ALIPHATISCHE SEMIDIONE 15. MITT. VON BICYCLO(N,1,0)ALKANEN ABGELEITETE 2,3‐SEMIDIONE (1971)

Abstract Der durch Acyloinkondensation des Diesters(I) in Gegenwart von Trimethylchlorsilan entstandene Bis‐silyläther (II) gibt bei Behandlung mit K‐tert.‐butoxid in DMSO Bicyclo[3,l,0]hexan‐2,3‐semidion (III), das auch bei Oxidation der Ketone (IV) oder (V) in basischer Lösung erhalten wird.
Reduced expression of APC-1B but not APC-1A by the deletion of promoter 1B is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (2016)

Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here we applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to the DNA of a sporadic FAP patient in which we did not find any pathological APC mutations by direct sequencing. WGS identified a promoter deletion of approximately 10 kb encompassing promoter 1B and exon1B of APC. Additional allele-specific expression analysis by deep cDNA sequencing revealed that the deletion reduced the expression of the mutated APC allele to as low as 11.2% in the total APC transcripts, suggesting that the residual mutant transcripts were driven by other promoter(s). Furthermore, cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) demonstrated that the deleted promoter 1B region is responsible for the great majority of APC transcription in many tissues except the brain. The deletion decreased the transcripts of APC-1B to 39-45% in the patient compared to the healthy controls, but it did not decrease those of APC-1A. Different deletions including promoter 1B have been reported in FAP patients. Taken together, our results strengthen the evidence that analysis of structural variations in promoter 1B should be considered for the FAP patients whose pathological mutations are not identified by conventional direct sequencing.
How Does CD47-SIRPα ‘Don’t Eat Me Signal’ Physically Signal Self (2013)

Abstract Resident macrophages in spleen and liver are particularly adept at recognizing foreign pathogens through recognition of ‘non-self’ proteins on the pathogen surface but also through the absence of ‘self’ proteins that are highly displayed on circulating blood cells. Red blood cells display a ‘marker of self’ protein CD47 which increases the in vivo half-life and decreases red-pulp splenic macrophage uptake of mouse RBC (Oldenborg et al, Science 2000) and also of particles displaying human-CD47 in recent studies by our group (Rodriguez et al, Science 2013). CD47 signals self through its counter receptor SIRPa, which is highly expressed on the surfaces of myeloid cells but also highly polymorphic. The CD47 protein functions in vitro as a marker of self toward human SIRPa on human macrophages and monocytes, inhibiting accumulation of myosin II motor protein to the phagocytic synapse (Tsai 2008). The work here aims to clarify when and how CD47-SIRPa inhibition physically signals ‘self’ during macrophage phagocytosis uptake. While it is clear that CD47 reduces the number of uptake events, here we use time-lapse and confocal microscopy to examine the forces of distortion imparted by phagocytes on opsonized red blood cell targets during uptake. Glutaraldehyde-fixed RBC are also used as a model to assess the affects of cell rigidity in this self-recognition process, since rigidity is relevant to processes as diverse as RBC aging and sickle RBC to malaria but also because adhesion (by macrophages) is expected to activate the myosin-II contractility system and oppose CD47 signaling. Through blocking and pharmacological approaches, we parse the pathways between foreign, self, and rigidity sensing. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Pain (2010)

Abstract The International Association for the Study of Pain classifies pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.1 However, the perception of pain for an individual remains very subjective and is related to nociceptive input in a very complex and poorly understood manner.2 Nonetheless, advances in our understanding of the neuropharmacology and neurophysiology of pain and nociception have provided a more rational basis for therapy of acute and chronic pain in people.3 This chapter will review current concepts of the mechanisms of pain and nociception and its pharmacological management.
Novel growth rate control of dam gene expression in Escherichia coli (1994)

Transcription of the dam gene in Escherichia coli is growth rate regulated by a mechanism distinct from that used for ribosomal RNA gene promoters. Single-copy operon fusions to lacZ indicated that the major promoter, P2, is responsible for most or all of the growth rate dependence. Promoter P2 is a typical sigma 70 promoter with 18 bp spacing between the -10 and -35 hexamers. Primer extension analysis was used to show that there was no inhibition of transcription from promoter P2 in cells induced for the stringent response. Beta-galactosidase specific activity from a single-copy dam::lacZ fusion was unaffected by either excess rrnB RNA or the level of Fis protein. Thus growth rate control of dam gene expression differs from that of the rRNA and tRNA genes by its lack of response to stringent control, ribosomal feedback and enhanced transcription by Fis protein. We devised a procedure for selection of mutant cells in which dam gene expression was unregulated. One such mutant (cde-4), obtained by miniTn10 insertion, showed the same level of beta-galactosidase activity at all growth rates tested. In contrast, growth rate-dependent expression of the rrnB gene was unaffected by cde-4 confirming the different modes of regulation. The cde-4::miniTn10 insertion is located close to kilobase 670 on the physical map in or near the lipB gene.