gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic nulls in interacting dipolar fields (2021)

The prominence of nulls in reconnection theory is due to the expected singular current density and the indeterminacy of field lines at a magnetic null. Electron inertia changes the implications of both features. Magnetic field lines are distinguishable only when their distance of closest approach exceeds a distance $\varDelta _d$ . Electron inertia ensures $\varDelta _d\gtrsim c/\omega _{pe}$ . The lines that lie within a magnetic flux tube of radius $\varDelta _d$ at the place where the field strength $B$ is strongest are fundamentally indistinguishable. If the tube, somewhere along its length, encloses a point where $B=0$ vanishes, then distinguishable lines come no closer to the null than $\approx (a^2c/\omega _{pe})^{1/3}$ , where $a$ is a characteristic spatial scale of the magnetic field. The behaviour of the magnetic field lines in the presence of nulls is studied for a dipole embedded in a spatially constant magnetic field. In addition to the implications of distinguishability, a constraint on the current density at a null is obtained, and the time required for thin current sheets to arise is derived.
The Future of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Closed Loop (2008)

Improvements in accuracy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring facilitate the development of closed-loop systems consisting of a continuous glucose monitor, a control algorithm, and an insulin pump. Closed-loop systems can be divided according to the way meal delivery is handled as "fully closed-loop" or "closed-loop" with meal announcement systems. Depending on the subcutaneous (sc) or intravenous (iv) body interface, three major types of closed-loop systems are recognised, (i) sc sensing and sc delivery system, (ii) the iv sensing and intraperitoneal delivery system, and (iii) the iv glucose sensing and iv insulin delivery system. Given the current research focus, this review centres on the sc-sc closed-loop approach, which has the greatest potential for a near-future commercial exploitation as recognised by the JDRF Artificial Pancreas Project. Other approaches utilising intraperitoneal or intravenous sensing/delivery are also discussed. Closed-loop systems may revolutionise diabetes management but their introduction is likely to be gradual starting from simpler applications such as hypoglycaemia prevention or overnight glucose control progressing to more complex approaches such as 24/7 glucose control. The most important question is what is achievable with existing technologies and when the first generation of closed-loop systems will find its way into clinical practice.
Multilevel Datenfusion konkurrierender Sensoren in der Fahrzeugumfelderfassung (2013)

Mit der vorliegenden Dissertation soll ein Beitrag zur Steigerung der Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit einer sensorgestützten Objekterkennung im Fahrzeugumfeld geleistet werden. Aufbauend auf einem Erfassungssystem, bestehend aus einer Stereokamera und einem Mehrzeilen-Laserscanner, werden teils neu entwickelte Verfahren für die gesamte Verarbeitungskette vorgestellt. Zusätzlich wird ein neuartiges Framework zur Fusion heterogener Sensordaten eingeführt, welches über eine Zusammenführung der Fusionsergebnisse aus den unterschiedlichen Verarbeitungsebenen in der Lage ist, die Objektbestimmung zu verbessern. Nach einer Beschreibung des verwendeten Sensoraufbaus werden die entwickelten Verfahren zur Kalibrierung des Sensorpaares vorgestellt. Bei der Segmentierung der räumlichen Punktdaten werden bestehende Verfahren durch die Einbeziehung von Messgenauigkeit und Messspezifik des Sensors erweitert. In der anschließenden Objektverfolgung wird neben einem neuartigen berechnungsoptimierten Ansatz zur Objektassoziierung ein Modell zur adaptiven Referenzpunktbestimmung und –Verfolgung beschrieben. Durch das vorgestellte Fusions-Framework ist es möglich, die Sensordaten wahlweise auf drei unterschiedlichen Verarbeitungsebenen (Punkt-, Objekt- und Track-Ebene) zu vereinen. Hierzu wird ein sensorunabhängiger Ansatz zur Fusion der Punktdaten dargelegt, der im Vergleich zu den anderen Fusionsebenen und den Einzelsensoren die genaueste Objektbeschreibung liefert. Für die oberen Fusionsebenen wurden unter Ausnutzung der konkurrierenden Sensorinformationen neuartige Verfahren zur Bestimmung und Reduzierung der Detektions- und Verarbeitungsfehler entwickelt. Abschließend wird beschrieben, wie die fehlerreduzierenden Verfahren der oberen Fusionsebenen mit der optimalen Objektbeschreibung der unteren Fusionsebene für eine optimale Objektbestimmung zusammengeführt werden können. Die Effektivität der entwickelten Verfahren wurde durch Simulation oder in realen Messszenarien überprüft.
State Estimation of Low Voltage Distribution Network With Integrated Customer-Owned PV and Storage Unit (2019)

The growing integration of rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) and energy storage units (ESUs) in customer households has resulted in changes in the customer load profiles. This is likely to influence the accuracy of state estimation (SE) carried out based on previously assumed load profiles. In this paper, a statistical model for modern low voltage (LV) customers was developed using Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The resulting model was subsequently applied to SE using weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm. LV network with high penetration of customer-owned PV and ESUs have been simulated. Different scenarios which include load profiles: with PVs integrated but without ESUs, ESUs alone, and with hybrid systems (combination of PVs and ESUs) have been considered. The results are presented and discussed.
Spatial frequency spectrum of the x‐ray scatter distribution in CBCT projections (2013)

The spatial frequency content of the scatter distribution in CBCT is found to be contained within the low frequency domain. The frequency content is modulated both by object and imaging parameters (ADD and compensator). The low-frequency nature of the scatter distribution allows for a limited set of sine and cosine basis functions to be used to accurately represent the scatter signal in the presence of noise and reduced data sampling decreasing MC based scatter estimation time. Compensator induced modulation of the scatter distribution reduces the frequency content and improves the fitting results.
Synthesis, structural characterization and cytotoxic activity of organotin derivatives of indomethacin (2008)

Abstract The synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic properties in vitro of tri‐ n ‐butyltin 1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate ( 1 ), tri‐phenyltin 1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate ( 2 ), tetra‐ n ‐butyltin[bis‐1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetato]distannoxane ( 3 ) and di‐ n ‐butyltin bis‐1‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetate ( 4 ) are described. These compounds have been characterized by 1 H, 13 C and 119 Sn NMR spectroscopy in solution and 119 Sn NMR in the solid state, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction for compound 1 . The growth inhibition effects of compounds 1–4 against the lung adenocarcinoma cell line SK‐LU‐1 as well as the cervical cancer cell line HeLa were determined. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit cytotoxic activity, whereas compounds 3 and 4 are inactive. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Machine Learning Algorithms Provide Greater Prediction of Response to SCS Than Lead Screening Trial: A Predictive AI-Based Multicenter Study (2021)

Persistent pain after spinal surgery can be successfully addressed by spinal cord stimulation (SCS). International guidelines strongly recommend that a lead trial be performed before any permanent implantation. Recent clinical data highlight some major limitations of this approach. First, it appears that patient outco mes, with or without lead trial, are similar. In contrast, during trialing, infection rate drops drastically within time and can compromise the therapy. Using composite pain assessment experience and previous research, we hypothesized that machine learning models could be robust screening tools and reliable predictors of long-term SCS efficacy. We developed several algorithms including logistic regression, regularized logistic regression (RLR), naive Bayes classifier, artificial neural networks, random forest and gradient-boosted trees to test this hypothesis and to perform internal and external validations, the objective being to confront model predictions with lead trial results using a 1-year composite outcome from 103 patients. While almost all models have demonstrated superiority on lead trialing, the RLR model appears to represent the best compromise between complexity and interpretability in the prediction of SCS efficacy. These results underscore the need to use AI-based predictive medicine, as a synergistic mathematical approach, aimed at helping implanters to optimize their clinical choices on daily practice.
3D synchrotron X-ray microtomography for paper structure characterization of z-structured paper by introducing micro nanofibrillated cellulose (2016)

International audience
Dissipation Pattern of Profenophos on Dolichos Bean (2017)

An experiment was conducted during kharif, 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of eight insecticides viz., fipronil 5% SC, flubendamide 480% SC, chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, bifenthrin 10% EC, profenophos 50% EC, lambda cyhalothrin 5% SC, imidacloprid 17.8 % SL and beta cyfluthrin + imidacloprid 300 OD were studied byspraying thrice replicated thrice in randomized block design on field bean @ 500 g a.i ha-1, 60 g a.i ha-1, 30 g a.i ha-1, 812 g a.i ha-1, 400 g a.i ha-1, 15.63g a.i ha-1, 25 g a.i ha-1and 30 g a.i ha-1, respectively. Against major insect pests of field bean. The dissipation pattern of profenophos 50 EC (400 g a.i.ha-1) was studied collecting samples at regular intervals i.e. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15days after last spray and analyzed. The initial deposits of 3.23 mg kg-1profenophos recorded at 2 hours after last spray dissipated to 1.68, 0.94, 0.58 and 0.19 mg kg-1 at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, after last spray respectively and below determination level (BDL) by 10th day.
Canary Pox in Sparrows and Canaries (Fringillidae) and in Weavers (Ploceidae); Pathology and Host Specificity of the Virus (1971)

An epornitie of canary pox occurred in white-crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli), golden-crowned sparrows ( Zonotrichia atricapilla), and house sparrows ( Passer domesticus), which had been caught in the wild and were being studied in laboratories. Of 900 exposed birds, 100 died naturally with the disease and 200 with clinical signs, and their 600 cage mates were killed. The earliest lesion was proliferative dermatitis around the eyes and beak. Next, severe ulcerative dermatitis, often with secondary bacterial and mycotic infections, developed under the wing; rhinitis, pneumonia, pleuritis, and peritonitis occurred in advanced cases. Histologically, there were eosinophilic, sudanophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells and in subepidermal lymphoreticular cells. The isolated virus produced 100% mortality when inoculated into white-crowned sparrows, house sparrows, and canaries but only local cutaneous reactions in pigeons, turkeys, and chickens.
The yield enhancement of field-programmable gate arrays (1994)

The fine granularity and reconfigurable nature of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA's) suggest that defect-tolerant methods can be readily applied to these devices in order to increase their maximum economic sizes, through increased yield. This paper identifies the inability to contain faults within single cells and the need for fast reconfiguration as the key obstacles to obtaining a significant increase in yield. Monte Carlo defect modeling of the photolithographic layers of VLSI FPGA's is used as a foundation for the yield modeling of various defect-tolerant architectures. Results suggest that a medium-grain architecture is the best solution, offering a substantial increase in size without significant side effects. This architecture is shown to produce greater gate densities than the alternative approach of realizing ultralarge scale FPGA's-multichip modules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Organoids to Study Primary Ciliogenesis During <em>ex vivo</em> Organogenesis (2021)

Organoids are stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures that reproduce ex vivo the complex architecture and physiology of organs. Thus, organoids represent useful models to study the mechanisms that control stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in mammals, including primary ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling. Primary ciliogenesis is the dynamic process of assembling the primary cilium, a key cell signaling center that controls stem cell self-renewal and/or differentiation in various tissues. Here we present a comprehensive protocol for the immunofluorescence staining of cell lineage and primary cilia markers, in whole-mount mouse mammary organoids, for light sheet microscopy. We describe the microscopy imaging method and an image processing technique for the quantitative analysis of primary cilium assembly and length in organoids. This protocol enables a precise analysis of primary cilia in complex three-dimensional structures at the single cell level. This method is applicable for immunofluorescence staining and imaging of primary cilia and ciliary signaling in mammary organoids derived from normal and genetically modified stem cells, from healthy and pathological tissues, to study the biology of the primary cilium in health and disease.
<p>Reduction of Cerebral Emboli: In vitro Study with a Novel Cerebral Embolic Protection Device</p> (2020)

This in vitro study used simulated physiologic flow conditions in an aortic arch model to demonstrate >97% efficacy of the TriGUARD <i>3</i> CEP device, in reducing cerebral embolization of particulate and air bubbles of 200 µm to 300 µm in size.
Cell Voltage vs. Current Density Curves During Electrolysis of NaCl Solution (1973)

will be discussed in the subsequent papeL 4 Summary (1) The kinetic equation of the anode reaction derived in the preding paper was solved under the potentiostatic and galvanostic conditions (2) Under the potentiostatic conditionthe current density decreases to a value determined by eq(7) with the lapse of time(downwards convex curve) (3) Under the galvanostatic condition the coveragetime relationship was classified into three types 275 dependingntherelalinfD61 (4) In the case of o61good qu11itative agreement is obtained between the experimental data and the theorywhich is in accord with the result Qbtained under potentiodynamic conditions
Real time trajectory prediction for collision risk estimation between vehicles (2009)

In this paper, we present our approach for collision risk estimation between vehicles. The vehicles are equipped with GPS receivers and communication devices. Our approach consists on using the knowledge given trough communication tool to predict the trajectories of the surrounding vehicles. Based on these trajectories, we identify the configurations of the collisions between vehicles. The risk is calculated using several indicators that are reflecting not only the possible collisions but also the dangerousness of these collisions. Our algorithm is tested on crossroads using scenarios involving real prototypes producing realistic scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereochemistry of Alkylation of Benzoate Anion with 5‐Phenyl‐2‐cyclohexenyl Sulfonium Salts: Influence of Copper(I). (1988)

Abstract The uncatalyzed reaction of the sulfonium salts (I) with the title anion leads to the products (II) and (III).
Injection Effects in Hybrid Rocket Engines (2012)

There exists a growing interest in Hybrid rocket engines over the last years. Lots of research has been done on hybrids in general and on topics like combustion efficiency and stability in detail. But only minor work has been done on the design and performance of the injector type. This is especially important since combustion stability can be closely linked to the type of injector and configuration of &#13;\nthe pre-combustion chamber. In the present paper a detailed review on earlier work regarding combustion stability has been done. Hot flow experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of different injector types including impingement, showerhead and swirl injectors. Characteristic velocity, ISP efficiency and regression rates during hot fire tests are evaluated and &#13;\ncompared. Combustion stability is evaluated by means of Fast-Fourier Transformations and spectrograms of the pressure signals. Impingement injectors with high impingement angles produce unstable flow fields which excite vortex shedding and the Helmholtz acoustic mode of the combustion chamber.
S0201-1-1 Computer Simulation of Red Thrombus Formation Process Using Particle Method (2009)

This study attempted modeling of fibrin network formation process in red thrombus with a two-dimensional particle method simulation of blood flow between parallel plates. Blood flow simulations were carried out based on the two different models of fibrin formation. The first model assumed fibrin formation according to the elapsed time with respect to platelet aggregation. A simulation result on this model demonstrated that fibrin began to form near the injured blood vessel wall where the platelet aggregation was assumed to occur, and that this led to formation of firm thrombus by platelets and fibrin. The second model assumed fibrin formation according to the blood flow. In this case, fibrin began to form near the surface of already aggregated platelets. Because stiffer fibrin formed on softer platelet thrombus, the platelet thrombus that formed at an initial stage of simulation collapsed. After the collapse fibrin adhered to the injured vessel wall, leading to formation of firm thrombus as well as in the first model.
Normalization of hindbrain morphology after decompression of Chiari malformation Type I (2012)

The cerebellar tonsils and brainstem assumed a normal appearance within 6 months after craniocervical decompression. These findings support the concept that the CM-I is not a congenital malformation of the neural elements but rather an acquired malformation that arises from pulsatile impaction of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00001327.
EXPOSICION DE DISEÑO INDUSTRIAL (1972)

EL PROFESOR HORACIO DURAN NAVARRO, DIRECTOR DE LA CARRERA DE DISENO INDUSTRIAL EN LA ESCUELA NACIONAL DE ARQUITECTURA DE LA UNAM, INFORMO QUE LA PRIMERA GENERACION DE DISENO, PRESENTARA EL RESULTADO DE SUS CUATRO ANOS DE TRABAJO, EN UNA EXHIBICION QUE SE LLEVARA A CABO EN EL MUSEO UNIVERSITARIO DE CIENCIAS Y ARTE; ASIMISMO, EXPLICO QUE LA MUESTRA ESTA FORMADA POR MODELOS Y PROTOTIPOS QUE REPRESENTAN DISTINTOS ASPECTOS DEL DISENO, TALES COMO HERRAMIENTA, MOBILIARIO, MAQUINARIA, OBJETOS DECORATIVOS, ETCETERA.
ELECTRICALLY STIMULATED SPINAL FUSION DEVICES IN PRIMATES (2003)

Introduction: The use of adjunctive techniques such as electrical stimulation may improve the rate of successful anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The purpose of this study was to determine if supplemental direct current electrical stimulation of a titanium anterior spinal fusion device increases the incidence and extent of bony fusion in a nonhuman primate model. Methods: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion was performed at the L5–L6 level in 35 adult pigtail macaque monkeys with iliac crest graft and either a titanium fusion device or a femoral allograft ring. The fusion devices of some animals received either high current (100μA) or low current (28μA) electrical stimulation using an implanted generator for the duration of the 12- or 26- week evaluation period. All animals were studied using AP and lateral radiographs, CT imaging, nondestructive mechanical testing, and qualitative and quantitative histology. Specimens were scored for presence of fusion according to a semi-quantitative scale (0 = No healing, 1 = Minimal consolidation, 2 = Consolidation, 3 = Bridging callus, 4 = Bridging callus with trabeculations, 5= Evidence of bony remodeling of callus). A similar scale was used to score the extent of fusion. Results: As shown in Table 1, both low and high current stimulation groups had generally increased incidence of bony fusion compared to the non-stimulated and femoral allograft ring groups. At 26 weeks, the extent of bony fusion increased with the devices from 43% to 75% in a dose-dependent fashion, compared to 25% with the femoral rings. Mechanical testing also demonstrated similar increases in mechanical stiffness in a dose-dependent fashion. Discussion: Adjunctive electrical stimulation of an anterior titanium spinal fusion device improved success rate and overall fusion quality compared to non-stimulated devices and femoral allograft rings. Stimulated devices may be particularly beneficial in patients with known risk factors for nonunion.
Studying particulate adsorption by drying droplets on a microfabricated electro-acoustic resonator (2014)

Microfabricated in-plane bulk acoustic resonators can be configured as gravimetric sensors wherein the mass of surface-bound species is transduced as a shift in the resonant frequency. Using this principle, we examine the adsorption of spherical polystyrene latex particles on the resonator surface by drying particulate laden droplets. Distribution of particles on the surface is governed by the coffee-ring effect which is correlated to the observed frequency response of the resonators. We also present an analytical approach to describe the spatial dependence of adsorbed mass on the induced frequency shift for square plate resonators which can be extended to model other resonator geometries.
Air/undersea communication at ultra-low-frequencies using airborne loop antennas (1977)

In this report we investigate the possibility of using ultra-low- frequency (ULF) signals from airborne loop antennas (i.e., magnetic dipoles) for air/undersea communication. Because of the low data rate at ULF, communication is here understood to mean the transfer of short messages of high information content. We use numerical integration to calculate the 1 Hz total magnetic field amplitudes in the sea at depths from 0 m to 200 m due to airborne unit moment vertical and horizontal magnetic dipoles at altitudes from 100 m to 10 km. Considering the magnetic moments m attainable with present aircraft power and payload capability (m = 10 to the 7th A sqm - 10 to the 9th A sq m and the minimum detectable amplitude for a 1 Hz signal beneath the sea (approx. 1 m sub gamma, we conclude that air/undersea communication at 1 Hz is possible under the following illustrative conditions: for a horizontal plane loop antenna at 3000 m altitude and a ULF receiver at a 100 m depth, communication is possible for horizontal distances to 10 km for m = 10 to the 7th a sq m and to 33 km for m = 10 to the 9th A sq m. The corresponding limits for a vertical plane loop antenna are 13 km to 64 km. It is also possible, if desired, to limit communication to a comparatively small circular area circular area directly beneath the aircraft. Sea floor effects can alter these values significantly, particularly if the receiver is near the floor.
Multi-purposes radar for remote sensing and navigation by mini and micro unmanned aerial vehicles (2016)

This paper investigates the capability of a miniaturized radar sensor developed for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) to cope with complex mission scenarios that involve integrating and satisfying either Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) or Interferometric SAR and navigation and Sense-and-Avoid (SAA) requirements. A radar sensor based on Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) technology developed by IMST GmbH is exploited both for SAR and SAA acquisitions. The set of tests helps with understanding main issues and problems related with integration of different requirements and demonstrate that valuable data for each envisaged application can be saved with a single acquisition, thus paving the road for further and more detailed investigations.