gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L’information de demain : aux confins de notre compréhension des matériaux et de leur fonctionnalisation (2013)

National audience
Polynomial Theory of Complex Systems (1971)

A complex multidimensional decision hypersurface can be approximated by a set of polynomials in the input signals (properties) which contain information about the hypersurface of interest. The hypersurface is usually described by a number of experimental (vector) points and simple functions of their coordinates. The approach taken in this paper to approximating the decision hypersurface, and hence the input-output relationship of a complex system, is to fit a high-degree multinomial to the input properties using a multilayered perceptronlike network structure. Thresholds are employed at each layer in the network to identify those polynomials which best fit into the desired hypersurface. Only the best combinations of the input properties are allowed to pass to succeeding layers, where more complex combinations are formed. Each element in each layer in the network implements a nonlinear function of two inputs. The coefficients of each element are determined by a regression technique which enables each element to approximate the true outputs with minimum mean-square error. The experimental data base is divided into a training and testing set. The training set is used to obtain the element coefficients, and the testing set is used to determine the utility of a given element in the network and to control overfitting of the experimental data. This latter feature is termed "decision regularization.
Factors in the Reproducibility of Electromyographic Power Spectrum Analysis of Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Fatigue (1999)

These results demonstrate that only initial median frequency and half-width have acceptable reproducibility over time and at different loads, with the potential to be useful in discriminating between individuals. Changes in posture can greatly change an electromyographic result.
A Lithium Superionic Sulfide Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2013)

This work presents a facile synthesis approach for core-shell structured Li2S nanoparticles, which have Li2S as the core and Li3PS4 as the shell. This material functions as lithium superionic sulfide (LSS) cathode for long-lasting, energy-efficient lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The LSS has an ionic conductivity of 10-7 S cm-1 at 25 oC, which is 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk Li2S (~10-13 S cm-1). The high lithium-ion conductivity of LSS imparts an excellent cycling performance to all-solid Li-S batteries, which also promises safe cycling of high-energy batteries with metallic lithium anodes.
Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health (2006)

Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Risk Analysis. 1.2 Risk. 1.3 Contaminants in the Environment. 1.4 Uses of Environmental Risk Assessment. 1.5 Risk Assessment Process. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 2 Fundamental Aspects of Environmental Modeling. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Modeling Process. 2.3 Physical and Mathematical Basis for Risk Assessment Models. 2.4 Contaminant Transport Equation. References. Problems. 3 Release Assessment. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Conceptual Model. 3.3 Contaminant Identification. 3.4 Emission-Rate Quantification. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 4 Environmental Transport Theory. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 One-Dimensional Solutions of the Contaminant Transport Equation. 4.3 Three-Dimensional Contaminant Transport. 4.4 Advanced Solution Methods. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Types of Surface Water Bodies. 5.3 Sorption. 5.4 Transport Modeling. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 6 Groundwater Transport. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Subsurface Characterization. 6.3 Saturated Flow in Porous Media. 6.4 Sorption. 6.5 Subsurface Contaminant Transport Modeling. 6.6 Other Considerations in Groundwater Transport. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 7 Atmospheric Transport. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Atmospheric Dispersion. 7.3 Atmospheric Transport Models. 7.4 Other Considerations. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 8 Food Chain Transport. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Concentration in Soil. 8.3 Concentration in Vegetation. 8.4 Concentration in Animals. References. Problems. 9 Exposure Assessment. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Dose. 9.3 Contaminant Intake. 9.4 Dose Calculations. References. Problems. 10 Basic Human Toxicology. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 10.3 Mechanisms and Effects of Toxicity. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 11 Dose-Response and Risk Characterization. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Biological Basis of Dose-Response Modeling. 11.3 Elements of Quantitative Dose-Response Analysis. 11.4 Dose-Response Modeling. 11.5 Risk Characterization. 11.6 Regulatory Implementation. References. Additional Reading. Problems. 12 Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Types and Sources of Uncertainty. 12.3 Statistical Fundamentals. 12.4 Uncertainty Propagation. References. Problems. 13 Stakeholder Involvement and Risk Communication. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Stakeholder Involvement. 13.3 Risk Communication. References. Problems. 14 Environmental Risk Management. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Risk Management Process. 14.3 Risk Management Methods. References. Problems. 15 Environmental Laws and Regulations. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 General Legal and Regulatory Structure for Environmental Protection. 15.3 Major Federal Environmental Laws and Regulations. 15.4 CERCLA Process. 15.5 Additional Regulations. References. Problems. Appendix A Mathematical Tools. A.1 Special Functions. A.2 Laplace Transforms. References. Additional Reading. Appendix B Degradation and Decay Parameters. Index.
A Gas Turbine Engine Model of Transient Operation Across the Flight Envelope (2011)

This paper introduces a method to create engine transient models that retain the fidelity and non-linearity of complex models as well as simplicity and speed of lower fidelity linearized models. The method is based on the design of experiments (DOE) and neural network methodology to create an analytic non-linear model of engine transient operation which has the potential to be used in on-board and off-board applications. The feed forward neural net models were created for a high fidelity model of high bypass turbofan engine (truth model). The performance of the neural net models was verified against the truth model. The verification results showed good agreement between the output of the neural net models and the truth model. Initial investigations also showed a significant reduction in the model execution time.
Laboratory-Based Validation of a Novel Suture Technique for Wound Closure (2002)

Wound closure in open surgery is a fundamental skill acquired early during the surgeon's career. Individual modifications are adopted frequently by the more experienced surgeon in an effort to increase efficiency. To date, there has been no objective measurement regarding whether these modifications significantly impact economy of movement or procedure time. The advent of the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD) allows standardized, objective evaluation of a novel suture technique for wound closure (study group) developed by one of the senior authors (DBH) and compares the technique to the current method taught by the Royal College of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (control group). Ten surgical registrars underwent both tasks in a standardized manner for five repetitions. Mean total movements and duration of procedure were decreased significantly for the study group (analysis of variance: = 0.018 and = 0.033 respectively) with an economy index (total movements/total time) of 0.79 movements per second for the control group vs. 0.67 for the study group. This study demonstrates ICSAD's usefulness in defining a novel suture technique as a more efficient method of cutaneous closure than the currently advocated technique.
Phenotypical changes of osteocytes in osteoarthritis (2014)

This thesis focuses on the role of a bone cell, osteocytes in the progression of osteoarthritis. The biological relevance of this study has opened doors to new possibilities of understanding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Assay Development in High Density MicroWell® Plates: Use of Well Geometries, Format, Surface Modification and Optical Properties to Achieve Optimal Assay Performance (2001)

While high density MicroWell plates, including 384 well and 1536 well plates, offer advantages of low volume reaction or growth vessels in a standardized footprint allowing robotic manipulation, the greatest benefits lie in the increased well surface area to reaction volume ratios. This surface area to volume benefit can be utilized to optimize assay development by utilizing the molecular surface as a reactant. The well geometry and optical properties are also enhanced in high-density plates, allowing microscopic imaging and increased signal detection for fluorescence and luminescence. The molecular characteristics of high density MicroWell plates were examined in regard to base materials and induced surface modification. Various modification methods including injection-molding parameters, exposure to high and low energy sources and exposure to specific physical conditions were studied. The surfaces were molecularly characterized and then utilized as reactants in high throughput and low volume in vitro assays. Polystyrene plates exhibited a natural relatively hydrophobic surface due to the hydrocarbon backbone of the polystyrene along with the repeating benzene ring. Exposure to direct electrical discharge, and several forms of irradiation in the presence of air and oxygenated atmosphere resulted in surfaces exhibiting various levels of oxidation. These levels were measured and the molecular species were calculated. These specific surfaces were utilized as reactants in solid phase, cell based and cell culture assays. Specific surfaces demonstrated specific efficacy in regard to particular applications. For example, a highly charged surface exhibiting hydroxyl, carbonyl, and some carboxyl moieties was best for adherent cell culture. Utilizing passive adsorption procedures, a variant surface exhibiting more hydroxyl and carbonyl groups did not bind IgG well but did bind phospholipids, providing a surface “high-binding” for lipids while maintaining low background due to non-specific adsorption. A surface, commonly referred to as “high binding,” having slightly lower surface energy than the other two studied and characterized by aromatic hydrocarbons, hydroxyl and some few carbonyl groups did not bind hydrophobic antigens, but did bind glycoproteins such as IgG very well under slightly basic, passive conditions. The geometries of wells were also examined. Well geometries contributed significantly by eliminating reagent wicking or creeping, enhancing detection of signals, and increasing the active surface area to reagent volume, allowing the utilization of decreased substrate concentrations along with low reagent volumes without loss of sensitivity.
Privacy Preserving Detection ofPatterns inEventSequences (2005)

Wepropose tousepattern matching ondatastreams fromsensors inorder tomonitor anddetect events ofinterest. Weconsider aprivacy preserving pattern matching problem where patterns aregiven assequences ofconstraints oninput elements. We describe a newprivacy preserving pattern matching algorithm overan infinite alphabet A wherea pattern P isgivenas a sequence{pil, p'2 ,..., P'mof predicates pijdefined onA. Thealgorithm address the following problem: given apattern P andaninput sequence t, find privately all positions intwhereP matches t.Theprivacy preserving inthecontext ofthis papermeansthatsensor measurements will beevaluated aspredicates pi(ej )privately, thatis,sensors willnotneedtodisclose themeasurements x$j), xj). xj)totheevaluator. i 2 n networks.
Optimal service station design for traffic mitigation via genetic algorithm and neural network (2022)

This paper analyzes how the presence of service stations on highways affects traffic congestion. We focus on the problem of optimally designing a service station to achieve beneficial effects in terms of total traffic congestion and peak traffic reduction. Microsimulators cannot be used for this task due to their computational inefficiency. We propose a genetic algorithm based on the recently proposed CTMs, that efficiently describes the dynamics of a service station. Then, we leverage the algorithm to train a neural network capable of solving the same problem, avoiding implementing the CTMs. Finally, we examine two case studies to validate the capabilities and performance of our algorithms. In these simulations, we use real data extracted from Dutch highways.
Structural Basis for the Metal-Selective Activation of the Manganese Transport Regulator of Bacillus subtilis, (2006)

The manganese transport regulator (MntR) of Bacillus subtilis is activated by Mn(2+) to repress transcription of genes encoding transporters involved in the uptake of manganese. MntR is also strongly activated by cadmium, both in vivo and in vitro, but it is poorly activated by other metal cations, including calcium and zinc. The previously published MntR.Mn(2+) structure revealed a binuclear complex of manganese ions with a metal-metal separation of 3.3 A (herein designated the AB conformer). Analysis of four additional crystal forms of MntR.Mn(2+) reveals that the AB conformer is only observed in monoclinic crystals at 100 K, suggesting that this conformation may be stabilized by crystal packing forces. In contrast, monoclinic crystals analyzed at room temperature (at either pH 6.5 or pH 8.5), and a second hexagonal crystal form (analyzed at 100 K), all reveal the shift of one manganese ion by 2.5 A, thereby leading to a newly identified conformation (the AC conformer) with an internuclear distance of 4.4 A. Significantly, the cadmium and calcium complexes of MntR also contain binuclear complexes with a 4.4 A internuclear separation. In contrast, the zinc complex of MntR contains only one metal ion per subunit, in the A site. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirms the stoichiometry of Mn(2+), Cd(2+), and Zn(2+) binding to MntR. We propose that the specificity of MntR activation is tied to productive binding of metal ions at two sites; the A site appears to act as a selectivity filter, determining whether the B or C site will be occupied and thereby fully activate MntR.
Protective Effect against Neosporosis Induced by Intranasal Immunization with Neospora caninum Membrane Antigens Plus Carbomer-Based Adjuvant (2022)

<i>Neospora caninum</i> is an obligate intracellular protozoan responsible for abortion and stillbirths in cattle. We previously developed a mucosal vaccination approach using <i>N. caninum</i> membrane proteins and CpG adjuvant that conferred long-term protection against neosporosis in mice. Here, we have extended this approach by alternatively using the carbomer-based adjuvant Carbigen™ in the immunizing preparation. Immunized mice presented higher proportions and numbers of memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Stimulation of spleen, lungs and liver leukocytes with parasite antigens induced a marked production of IFN-γ and IL-17A and, less markedly, IL-4. This balanced response was also evident in that both parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG2c were raised by immunization, together with specific intestinal IgA. Upon intraperitoneal infection with <i>N. caninum</i>, immunized mice presented lower parasitic burdens than sham-immunized controls. In the infected immunized mice, memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells predominantly expressed T-bet and RORγt, and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing T-bet were found increased. While spleen, lungs and liver leukocytes of both immunized and sham-immunized infected animals produced high amounts of IFN-γ, only the cells from immunized mice responded with high IL-17A production. Since in cattle both IFN-γ and IL-17A have been associated with protective mechanisms against <i>N. caninum</i> infection, the elicited cytokine profile obtained using Carbigen<sup>TM</sup> as adjuvant indicates that it could be worth exploring for bovine neosporosis vaccination.
ChemInform Abstract: SILICIUMORGANISCHE HETEROCYCLISCHE VERBINDUNGEN 15. MITT. SYNTHESE UND UMWANDLUNGEN VON 1,1‐DICHLOR‐1‐SILA‐2,3‐BENZOPHENALEN UND 7,7‐DICHLOR‐7‐SILA‐7,12‐DIHYDROPLEJADEN (1974)

Abstract I34 Aus α‐Naphthylmagnesiumbromid (I) und o‐Chlorphenyltrichlorsilan (II) entsteht o‐Chlorphenyl‐(a‐naphthyl)‐dichlorsilan (III).
“Progress in Corneal Research and Practice in Japan and Abroad,” 22nd Annual Meeting of the Kyoto Cornea Club, November 25 and 26, 2016 (2017)

Nishida, Kohji MD, PhD*; Sotozono, Chie MD, PhD†; Yamagami, Satoru MD, PhD‡; Shiraishi, Atsushi MD, PhD§; Saika, Shizuya MD, PhD¶; Fukushima, Atsuki MD, PhD‖; Hori, Yuichi MD, PhD** Author Information
The Photo-Carnot Cycle: The Preparation Energy for Atomic Coherence (2002)

We consider a Carnot cycle engine in which the working medium is a photon gas inside a cavity with perfectly reflecting walls. The thermal baths responsible for supplying heat to the radiation field is a stream of three‐level atoms. The phase of the atomic coherence provides a new and interesting control parameter. Here we discuss the questions pertaining to the preparation energy of atomic coherence with an explicit calculation of the associated entropy change.
Delivering marketing expertise to the front lines (1994)

The needs of customers and business often coincide, but never so readily as when customer service representatives have knowledge about products and services at their fingertips-and never so effectively as when that knowledge is tailored to the needs of each client. This is the idea behind CSR Advisor, an expert system application we developed at AGT, a Canadian telecommunications company. The program integrates marketing expertise into the order entry process, putting it on the frontlines with customer service representatives. By encoding the knowledge of experienced marketers into CSR Advisor, we make marketing expertise available to CSRs as they create new accounts or make changes in existing ones for residential and small business customers. With CSR advisor integrated into the order entry process, customer service representatives can draw on a store of marketing expertise as they create new accounts or make changes in existing ones for residential and small business customers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Interaction of Phospholipase C-β3 with Shank2 Regulates mGluR-mediated Calcium Signal (2005)

Phospholipase C-beta isozymes that are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and heterotrimeric G proteins carry a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain binding motif at their C terminus. Through interactions with PDZ domains, this motif may endow the PLC-beta isozyme with specific roles in GPCR signaling events that occur in compartmentalized regions of the plasma membrane. In this study, we identified the interaction of PLC-beta3 with Shank2, a PDZ domain-containing multimodular scaffold in the postsynaptic density (PSD). The C terminus of PLC-beta3, but not other PLC-beta isotypes, specifically interacts with the PDZ domain of Shank2. Homer 1b, a Shank-interacting protein that is linked to group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and IP3 receptors, forms a multiple complex with Shank2 and PLC-beta3. Importantly, microinjection of a synthetic peptide specifically mimicking the C terminus of PLC-beta3 markedly reduces the mGluR-mediated intracellular calcium response. These results demonstrate that Shank2 brings PLC-beta3 closer to Homer 1b and constitutes an efficient mGluR-coupled signaling pathway in the PSD region of neuronal synapses.
Microbubbles as Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging: Preparation and Application (2012)

The purpose of this review is to describe trends in microbubble application in molecular imaging.Microbubbles are used for contrast ultrasound imaging as blood-pool agents in cardiology and radiology. Their promise as targeted agents for molecular imaging is now being recognized. Microbubbles can be functionalized with ligand molecules that bind to molecular markers of disease. Potential clinical applications of molecular imaging with microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents are in the monitoring of the biomarker status of vascular endothelium, visualizing tumor vasculature, and imaging inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury zones and thrombi.
Glycoprotein 120 Binding to CXCR4 Causes p38-Dependent Primary T Cell Death That Is Facilitated by, but Does Not Require Cell-Associated CD4 (2007)

HIV-1 infection causes the depletion of host CD4 T cells through direct and indirect (bystander) mechanisms. Although HIV Env has been implicated in apoptosis of uninfected CD4 T cells via gp120 binding to either CD4 and/or the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), conflicting data exist concerning the molecular mechanisms involved. Using primary human CD4 T cells, we demonstrate that gp120 binding to CD4 T cells activates proapoptotic p38, but does not activate antiapoptotic Akt. Because ligation of the CD4 receptor alone or the CXCR4 receptor alone causes p38 activation and apoptosis, we used the soluble inhibitors, soluble CD4 (sCD4) or AMD3100, to delineate the role of CD4 and CXCR4 receptors, respectively, in gp120-induced p38 activation and death. sCD4 alone augments gp120-induced death, suggesting that CXCR4 signaling is principally responsible. Supporting that model, AMD3100 reduces death caused by gp120 or by gp120/sCD4. Finally, prevention of gp120-CXCR4 interaction with 12G5 Abs blocks p38 activation and apoptosis, whereas inhibition of CD4-gp120 interaction with Leu-3a has no effect. Consequently, we conclude that gp120 interaction with CXCR4 is required for gp120 apoptotic effects in primary human T cells.
Use of Radioactive Iodinated Human Serum Albumin as Tracer Agent in Study of Cerebral Disorders. (1952)

1. The use of RIHSA in studies of cerebral disorders is presented. With a 200 μc dose of RIHSA wide individual variations in uptake at each position were observed. The patterns and the levels of uptake in normal individuals were similar to the patterns and levels of uptake observed in patients with general paresis. 2. The percentage differences in uptake at symmetrical positions in normal individuals and in patients with general paresis were similar. This percentage difference rarely exceeded 10%. In contrast with this patients with cerebral neoplasms, who showed an increased uptake at the site of the tumory showed differences in uptake from 12 to 50%.
The Effect of Thin Oxide Layers on Shallow Junction Formation (1999)

&lt;p&gt;This paper studies the influence of thin oxide screening, layers on the, formation of shallow junctions by low-energy B. implantation and rapid thermal annealing. F011 screening oxides, in the range ftom 0 to 10 nm, it is f found! that the trade-off between junction depth and\\ shet resistance ps is not affected! as long, as the implanted dose is adjusted. to compensate. for B trapping in the. oxide. F011 a fixed: implant: dose and enengy, however, minute variations in the oxide, thickness have, a. large influence on pI'ho which limits the reproducibility of. the junctionformation process.&lt;/p&gt;
Measuring Health Information Dissemination and Identifying Target Interest Communities on Twitter: Methods Development and Case Study of the @SafetyMD Network (2016)

This study is one of the first to develop methods for use by stakeholders to evaluate and optimize their use of Twitter to disseminate health information. Our new methods provide preliminary evidence that individual stakeholders can evaluate the effectiveness of health information dissemination and create content-specific clusters for more specific targeted messaging.