gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Induced Release of Encapsulated Materials inside Living Cells (2006)

Escape route: The laser-initiated release of fluorescently labeled polymers from polyelectrolyte-multilayer microcapsules is demonstrated inside living cancer cells. A polymer is incorporated in capsules with metal nanoparticles in their walls, which serve as light-absorbing centers. The capsules are internalized by cells and near-infrared light ruptures the walls of the capsules, thus releasing the content into the cells. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z504599_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Power Fibers: Thin-Film Batteries on Fiber Substrates (2003)

Abstract : Under a DARPA contract ITN has developed solid-state thin-film rechargeable batteries on fiber substrates for energy and power storage in novel stand-alone thin-film battery applications, power composites, and electrotextiles. The basic solid-state thin-film rechargeable battery technology was first invented at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA, in the '90s and since 2000 has been taken to next level by ITN with the invention of PowerFibers, which were first demonstrated in early 2001. The basic concept of PowerFibers is to marry power/energy properties with mechanical properties while making the thin-film batteries become a part of and take over some functions of the load-bearing mechanical structure. This novel design reduces the mass and volume fraction of the parasitic, non-power supplying, strictly mechanical parts in applications where those dimensions are critical. In addition to this basic concept, PowerFibers provide a unique form factor, defined by a large length-to-diameter ratio, which permits small bending radii and substantial flexing. Such mechanical properties are prerequisites for potentially using PowerFibers in novel thin-film battery applications. An advantage of PowerFibers over flat flexible thin-film batteries fabricated on foil substrate is the inherently larger surface area of PowerFibers, which in turn is proportional to the power and energy of a given type of thin-film battery. Thus, for example, a thin-film battery fabricated on a 50 micrometer thick foil substrate of 1 cm x 1 cm area has a maximum available battery area of 2 cm2 (double-sided fabrication) compared to 6.28 cm2 of two layers of 25 micrometer thick PowerFibers of 1 cm length.
Development and application of the ocular immune-mediated inflammatory diseases ontology enhanced with synonyms from online patient support forum conversation (2021)

We report the development and validation of a new ontology for inflammatory eye diseases, which includes patient-preferred synonyms, and can be used to explore unstructured patient or physician-reported text data, with many potential applications.
Analysis of loo2D Model and Its Application in Metro ATP System (2011)

In this article,three faults of 1oo2 Diagnostic model in IEC61508 standard are analyzed,which affect the safety of metro trains directly.The safety and availability of ATP system based on loo2D model is calculated,and the application of loo2D model in metro ATP system is studied.
Feasibility of fetal EEG recording (2012)

Fetal electrocardiography is currently used for monitoring of fetus during labor.ST-Analysis is done by monitoring amplitude of T wave to find elevation of ST wave amplitude which is a sign of hypoxia.The ST-Analysis in combination of standard cardiotocography (CTG) helps finding general ischemia due to specific fetal positioning that chokes the umbilical cord.The fetal electrocardiogram signals obtain by placing electrode on fetal scalp during labor (after water breaks) referred to an electrode on the mother's thigh.The STAN S31 is an apparatus which is use for intra-partum fetal monitoring.This method is currently used with great success in majority of Swedish hospitals and in 80 to 90 percent of labor and delivery clinics in Norway, Belgium and Denmark.The purpose of this project is to study feasibility of extracting brain waves from recording signals.The fetal EEG could be used to improve monitoring in cases were the fetus is too exhausted to respond with T amplitude elevation or when monitoring is started too late and hence T amplitude elevation has already occurred and relative measures are useless.During this study, amplifier modifications were done to achieve 1 V resolution.The modified STAN device is used for recording in the delivery department of Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mlndal.Two ECG elimination methods are implemented; ensemble average subtraction and wavelet denoising methods.Comparison of these methods has been done by use of simulated and real signals.The result shows successfully elimination of ECG artifacts.However, by using the ensemble average subtraction method some attenuated QRS are still visible.It is also concluded that ensemble average subtraction behaves like a high-pass filter while wavelet denoising method acts as low-pass filter.The preference of each method depends on the application.The remained signals after eliminating ECG have time and frequency patterns similar to EEG.However, the lack of sufficient eventful recordings and limits in frequency range of high resolution channel makes the final decision about existence of EEG signals impossible.The final judgment needs future investigation to improve the frequency range of the signals and to correlate the potential EEG signals to somatosensory evoked potentials or other events.
Effect of Tendon Stem Cells in Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate/Collagen Hydrogel on Achilles Tendon Healing in a Rat Model (2017)

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether the local application of tendon stem cells (TSCs) with chitosan/β-glycerophosphate/collagen(C/GP/Co) hydrogel promotes healing after an acute Achilles tendon injury in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to make an Achilles tendon defect model, then the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting of 8 rats each: control group, hydrogel group, TSCs group, and TSCs with hydrogel group. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment, tendon samples were harvested, and the quality of tendon repair was evaluated based on histology, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical properties. RESULTS Combining TSCs with C/GP/Co hydrogel significantly enhances tendon healing compared with the control, hydrogel, and TSCs groups. The improved healing was indicated by the improvement in histological and immunohistochemistry outcomes and the increase in the biomechanical properties of the regenerated tissue at both 4 and 6 weeks post-injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the transplantation of TSCs combined with C/GP/Co hydrogel significantly improved the histological, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical outcomes of the regenerated tissue at 4 and 6 weeks after implantation. TSCs with C/GP/Co hydrogel is a potentially effective treatment for tendon injury.
Engineering Lactococcus lactis for Production of Mannitol: High Yields from Food-Grade Strains Deficient in Lactate Dehydrogenase and the Mannitol Transport System (2004)

Mannitol is a sugar polyol claimed to have health-promoting properties. A mannitol-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis was obtained by disruption of two genes of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-mannitol phosphotransferase system (PTS(Mtl)). Genes mtlA and mtlF were independently deleted by double-crossover recombination in strain L. lactis FI9630 (a food-grade lactate dehydrogenase-deficient strain derived from MG1363), yielding two mutant (Delta ldh Delta mtlA and Delta ldh Delta mtlF) strains. The new strains, FI10091 and FI10089, respectively, do not possess any selection marker and are suitable for use in the food industry. The metabolism of glucose in nongrowing cell suspensions of the mutant strains was characterized by in vivo (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The intermediate metabolite, mannitol-1-phosphate, accumulated intracellularly to high levels (up to 76 mM). Mannitol was a major end product, one-third of glucose being converted to this hexitol. The double mutants, in contrast to the parent strain, were unable to utilize mannitol even after glucose depletion, showing that mannitol was taken up exclusively by PEP-PTS(Mtl). Disruption of this system completely blocked mannitol transport in L. lactis, as intended. In addition to mannitol, approximately equimolar amounts of ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, and lactate were produced. A mixed-acid fermentation (formate, ethanol, and acetate) was also observed during growth under controlled conditions of pH and temperature, but mannitol production was low. The reasons for the alteration in the pattern of end products under nongrowing and growing conditions are discussed, and strategies to improve mannitol production during growth are proposed.
Carbon Footprint of Alternative Grocery Shopping and Transportation Options from Retail Distribution Centers to Customer (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of e-commerce and automated warehouses, vehicles, and robots and has created new options for grocery supply chains. We report and compare the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for a 36-item grocery basket transported along 72 unique paths from a centralized warehouse to the customer, including impacts of micro-fulfillment centers, refrigeration, vehicle automation, and last-mile transportation. Our base case is in-store shopping with last-mile transportation using an internal combustion engine (ICE) SUV (6.0 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e). The results indicate that emissions reductions could be achieved by e-commerce with micro-fulfillment centers (16-54%), customer vehicle electrification (18-42%), or grocery delivery (22-65%) compared to the base case. In-store shopping with an ICE pick-up truck has the highest emissions of all paths investigated (6.9 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e) while delivery using a sidewalk automated robot has the least (1.0 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e). Shopping frequency is an important factor for households to consider, e.g. halving shopping frequency can reduce GHG emissions by 44%. Trip chaining also offers an opportunity to reduce emissions with approximately 50% savings compared to the base case. Opportunities for grocers and households to reduce grocery supply chain carbon footprints are identified and discussed.
Flanged coaxial microwave probes for measuring thin moisture layers (1992)

We obtain an analytical, closed-form expression for the input admittance of a flanged, open-ended coaxial line radiating into a layered lossy material. The effect of higher modes as well as the dominant mode have been taken into consideration. The results obtained in the experimental measurement of the microwave reflection coefficient of the probe radiating into very thin water layers are described and compared with the results obtained from numerical calculations based on a theoretical model. The measurements were made in the 5.0-7.0 GHz range. The results demonstrate, for example, the usefulness of this type of device in measuring thin moisture layers in the outer layer of the human skin.
Urodynamic and Histological Correlates of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1988)

The tissue obtained from transurethral prostatectomies was evaluated histologically and correlated to the clinical findings in 81 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. A median of 9 hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue slides per patient were examined, each containing from 1 to 15 curettings. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the following histology: predominantly stromal hyperplasia (39 patients), predominantly glandular hyperplasia (29 patients), and equal proportions of stromal and glandular hyperplasia (mixed group, 19 patients). There was no significant difference among the groups in patient age and duration of symptoms. The weight of resected tissue was significantly lower in the stromal group (median 16 mg.), compared to the glandular group (median 20 gm.) and the mixed group (median 25 gm.). Additionally, 29 of the 81 patients had chronic inflammation characterized by multifocal infiltrates of lymphocytes. These patients had significantly larger prostates (median 25 gm.) compared to those without lymphocytic infiltration (median 15 gm.). Sixty-five patients had a 3-month followup examination. Preoperatively there was no difference among the groups in maximum flow at uroflowmetry but at 3-month followup the stromal group had a median maximum flow of 13 ml. per second compared to 16.8 ml. per second in the glandular group and 21.5 ml. per second in the mixed group. These findings document histologically what has been reported from a clinical perspective: the clinical prostatism/benign prostatic hyperplasia complex is a spectrum of histological entities, and the small prostate with predominantly stromal hyperplasia responds less favorably to transurethral resection as determined by urodynamic evaluation.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF BACTERIAL BIOFILMS IN CONDITIONS OF SPACE FLIGHT (2016)

Data on comparative electron-microscopic analysis obtained in space experiments are important for scientific justification of the effect of icrogravitation on bacterial communities developig as biofilms - the most natural form of existence of microorganisms. The results obtained could be taken into consideration during creation of novel antibacterial means and disinfectants as well as methods of treatment of surfaces of modules of piloted space complexes that could allow to clarify methods of effective prophylaxis of biofilm spread which pose a risk of health of the crew and normal functioning of equipment in the International Space Station.
<title>Adaptive resonance theory 2 neural network approach to star field recognition</title> (1996)

Automatic recognition of star fields viewed by an imaging camera has numerous applications ranging from spacecraft navigation to pointing spaceborne instruments. The usual approach is to develop an efficient algorithm for matching stars in the imager's field of view with star data recorded in an on-board catalog. The matching process requires finding a subset of the stars in the catalog that have positions and magnitudes corresponding to those of the stars in the field of view. This paper presents an Adaptive Resonance Theory 2 (ART 2) approach to the problem of star field recognition. An ART 2 neural network is used to find a subset of stars in the catalog that provides a good match to stars in the imager's field of view. A method is presented which makes training the network unnecessary because the connection weights between the neurons are prescribed.
Arylindoles. III. Mannich reaction of 1‐arylindoles (1979)

Abstract 1‐Phenyl‐, and 1‐nitrophenylindoles when subjected to Mannich reaction conditions gave the corresponding 3‐dialkylaminomethyl derivatives ( IIc‐IIk ) in good yields.
NATURE OF POLLUTANTS IN ROAD PAVEMENT DRAINAGE (1979)

This paper is concerned with that part of urban runoff that derives from pavement surface drainage. Materials present on the pavement surface represent the majority of the pollutional load in its surface drainage. There are three sources of these surface materials, those directly attributable to the presence of motor vehicles, those attributable to the presence of humans in these vehicles, and materials which have been transported from the surrounding area. Methods of analysis for pollution load are described. The nature of petroleum based products likely to act as contaminants in surface drainage is described. The interaction between oil and water is discussed and the difficulties in encouraging biodegradation of hydrocarbons for treatment of pavement runoff are explained. The origin of lead contamination is outlined. The paper states that little study of the changes which occur to hydrocarbons while they remain on the pavement has been undertaken. Under Australian weather conditions such changes are considered more likely to occur than in Britain, for instance. Several groups of the compounds associated with fuels and lubricants can be very dangerous. /Author/TRR
Comparison of bubble detectors and size distribution estimators (2017)

Detection, counting and characterization of bubbles, that is, transparent objects in a liquid, is important in many industrial applications. These applications include monitoring of pulp delignification and multiphase dispersion processes common in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Typically the aim is to measure the bubble size distribution. In this paper, we present a comprehensive comparison of bubble detection methods for challenging industrial image data. Moreover, we compare the detection-based methods to a direct bubble size distribution estimation method that does not require the detection of individual bubbles. The experiments showed that the approach based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) outperforms the other methods in detection accuracy. However, the boosting-based approaches were remarkably faster to compute. The power spectrum approach for direct bubble size distribution estimation produced accurate distributions and it is fast to compute, but it does not provide the spatial locations of the bubbles. Selecting the most suitable method depends on the specific application.
Expression of foreign LpxA acyltransferases in Neisseria meningitidis results in modified lipid A with reduced toxicity and retained adjuvant activity (2002)

A major problem in the development of vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria is the endotoxic -activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is determined by its lipid A moiety. Nevertheless, LPS would be an interesting vaccine component because of its immune-stimulating properties. In the present study, we have changed the fatty acid composition of Neisseria meningitidis LPS by replacing the lpxA gene of strain H44/76 with the Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa homologue. The majority of the O-linked 3-OH C12 in N. meningitidis lipid A was replaced by 3-OH C14 (strain HA01E) and 3-OH C10 (strain HA25P) respectively. Both strains, but most notably strain HA01E, had reduced amounts of LPS compared with the wild-type strain. In addition, growth was severely impaired for HA01E. The major outer membrane proteins were expressed normally. Outer membrane complexes of both strains normalized on their LPS content showed a 10-fold reduction in their ability to induce tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Immunogenicity studies in BALB/c mice revealed that the adjuvant activity of the LPS was not affected. Thus, the replacement of the O-linked fatty acids in meningococcal lipid A results in immunogenic outer membranes with reduced endotoxic activity, more suitable for use in outer membrane vesicle vaccines.
Improving accuracy of myasthenia gravis autoantibody testing by reflex algorithm (2020)

Accuracy of MG serologic testing is improved by reflexing AChR-Bi-positive cases to AChR-Mo. STR and other reflexed cancer evaluation autoantibodies did not provide value beyond standard CT chest imaging at the time of MG diagnosis. Diagnostic certainty is informed by AChR-Bi and AChR-Mo with higher values increasing specificity.
High resolution infrared spectroscopy of single SF6 molecules in helium droplets. I. Size effects in He4 droplets (1999)

Single SF6 molecules have been embedded in large He4 droplets (N̄4≈103–104 atoms) in a molecular beam and studied via infrared laser depletion spectroscopy. The rotational fine structure of the ν3 transition is analyzed with an effective third order gas phase Hamiltonian of SF6 yielding seven spectroscopic parameters as a function of the measured mean droplet size. From the intensities of the rotational lines the rotational temperature in droplets with N̄4&amp;gt;103 atoms is determined to be Trot=0.38(1) K consistent with theoretical estimates. Quantitative information on the efficiency of evaporative cooling of the droplets could be obtained by increasing the droplet temperature up to Trot=0.55 K by many successive inelastic collisions with He4 atoms from the background gas. For small droplets the absorption maximum shows an increasing redshift with respect to the gas phase and only small downward shift with droplet sizes N̄4&amp;gt;2×103. This could not be explained quantitatively with the excluded volume model assuming a liquid drop nor by the expected decrease in the internal pressure with increasing droplet radius. The much smaller decrease in the redshift observed is shown to provide evidence that the nearest neighbor shell of He4 next to the molecule is almost incompressible providing direct experimental evidence for the existence of a dense snowball-like shell structure of He4 atoms around the molecule as predicted theoretically.
Balloons, Boats and Ponies: Interface manipulation style and learning in a constraint-based planning task (1997)

The role of the interface in structuring student learning and in directing the learner’s cognitive effort toward relevant material has become increasingly centralised in recent years. Specifically, interface designers have been called on to design interfaces which keep the learner focused on or “engaged” in the domain material, with the view that such engagement will have learning benefits. In this paper we operationalise the notion of cognitive engagement in terms of familiar cognitive psychological principles: planning and learning. Following laboratory studies, we have taken the view that cognitive planning can be induced by increasing the “cost” of selecting and executing actions by designing less direct interfaces. A study is reported which contrasts direct and indirect manipulation interfaces for a constraint-based planning task. Results from the study suggest that manipulation style can indeed affect users’ information search and task solution strategies.
Range Images (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are History Applications Methods for Acquiring Range Images Range Image Quality Point Ordering Issues Application Algorithms Continuing Problems Future Directions
Design of Efficient Human Head Statistics System in the Large-Angle Overlooking Scene (2021)

Human head statistics is widely used in the construction of smart cities and has great market value. In order to solve the problem of missing pedestrian features and poor statistics results in a large-angle overlooking scene, in this paper we propose a human head statistics system that consists of head detection, head tracking and head counting, where the proposed You-Only-Look-Once-Head (YOLOv5-H) network, improved from YOLOv5, is taken as the head detection benchmark, the DeepSORT algorithm with the Fusion-Hash algorithm for feature extraction (DeepSORT-FH) is proposed to track heads, and heads are counted by the proposed cross-boundary counting algorithm based on scene segmentation. Specifically, Complete-Intersection-over-Union (CIoU) is taken as the loss function of YOLOv5-H to make the predicted boxes more in line with the real boxes. The results demonstrate that the recall rate and mAP@.5 of the proposed YOLOv5-H can reach up to 94.3% and 93.1%, respectively, on the SCUT_HEAD dataset. The statistics system has an extremely low error rate of 3.5% on the TownCentreXVID dataset while maintaining a frame rate of 18FPS, which can meet the needs of human head statistics in monitoring scenarios and has a good application prospect.