gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the management procedures in farms infected with the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus using PDP models (2019)

Pig meat production need to be built up in the future due to the increase of the human population worldwide. To address this challenge, there is plenty of room for improvement in terms of pig production efficiency that could be severely hampered by the presence of diseases. In this sense, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is one of the most costly disease present in industrial pork production in Europe and North America. We have developed a model to analyze the effect of different management procedures to control this important virus in different epidemiological scenarios. Our results clearly suggest that no cross-fostering during lactation and the maintaining of litter integrity significantly decrease the number of sick and dead animals during the rearing period compared to scenarios where cross-fostering and no litter integrity are practiced. These results highlight the relevance of different management strategies to control PRRSV and quantify the effect of limiting cross-fostering and avoiding mixing animals from different litters in PRRSV positive farms to optimize animal production. Our findings will allow pig farmers to apply these management procedures to control this disease under field conditions in a very cost-effective way.
ChemInform Abstract: Allyl Sulfone in Free Radical Reaction. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The role of microscope-integrated near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography in the surgical treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (2015)

Microscope-based ICG videoangiography provides real-time information about the intraoperative anatomy of dAVFs. In addition, it can confirm complete obliteration of a fistula. This technique may be useful during dAVF surgery as an independent form of angiography or as an adjunct to intraoperative or postoperative DSA.
Investigating the Effects of Magnesium Doping in Various Ni-Rich Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (2019)

This work studies the effect of Mg doping in LiMO2 (M = Ni, Ni+Al, Ni+Co+Al, Ni content >0.8) at a dopant level of less than 5%. Synthesized materials were all single phase and contained no appreciable amount of surface or bulk impurities. Structural and electrochemical characterization of the materials was carried out to understand how Mg affects the materials and whether the presence of Al or Co influences the dopant effects of Mg. All synthesized materials, even those without Co, were found to contain a small amount of Ni in the Li layer. Increases in the Mg content of the material reduced the initial capacity of the materials but improved the capacity retention. The capacity reduction was related to the amount of Li trapped by electrochemically inactive Al and Mg. The capacity retention was related either to the number of Ni ions substituted by electrochemically inactive dopants or to the amount of Li trapped by those dopants. Mg helped improve capacity retention by reducing the growth of polarization during cycling. No synergistic effects were found to exist from co-doping materials containing Co and/or Al with Mg.
Identification of Serum Protein Biomarkers in Biliary Atresia by Mass Spectrometry and Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (2012)

Apo C-II and Apo C-III may be potential protein biomarkers of BA and may be useful in distinguishing infants with BA from healthy and NC infants. Further studies with additional populations or using prediagnostic serum are needed to confirm the importance of these findings as diagnostic markers of infants with BA.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Failure and Risk of Death Within Comorbidity Subgroups Among Men With Unfavorable-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated in a Randomized Trial (2016)

Purpose Physicians sometimes make management recommendations on the basis of early results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relating to reduced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure, yet whether this early end point is associated with all-cause mortality (ACM), particularly in men with competing risks, is unknown. Using a validated metric in men treated within the context of an RCT, we aimed to determine whether PSA failure is associated with the risk of ACM stratified by comorbidity score. Patients and Methods Between 1995 and 2001, 206 men with localized (T1b to 2b) intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) were randomly assigned to receive radiation therapy or radiation therapy and 6 months of ADT. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate whether PSA failure modeled as a time-dependent covariate was associated with an increased risk of ACM among men with Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27-defined no or minimal versus moderate-to-severe comorbidity adjusting for age, PC prognostic factors, and treatment. Results After a median follow-up of 16.62 years, 156 men (76%) died, 29 of whom (19%) died as a result of PC. PSA failure was associated with an increased ACM risk among men with no or minimal (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.46; P = .04), but not moderate or severe comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.76 to 3.99; P = .19). Conclusion Recommending treatment on the basis of reduced PSA failure observed from early results of RCTs is unlikely to prolong survival in men with moderate-to-severe comorbidity but may prolong survival in men with no or minimal comorbidity, providing evidence to support discussing the early results with these men.
Kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl sulfide by hydrogen peroxide in acidic and alkaline medium (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of oxidation of dimethyl sulfide by hydrogen peroxide in acidic and alkaline mediumYusuf Gbadebo. Adewuyi and Gregory R. CarmichaelCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 10, 1017–1022Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00152a009https://doi.org/10.1021/es00152a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1032Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A review of modern particle sizing methods (2009)

The methods routinely used for the determination of particle-size distribution of soils were introduced about a century ago and have changed little in the intervening period. In other areas, such as chemical and process engineering and sedimentology, there has been considerable development of automated apparatus. This paper presents a critical review of the available methods of determining particle-size distribution. The authors then assess the potential for the replacement of current methods with new technology by applying these methods to a range of synthetic and natural soils, and draw conclusions.
ISOQUINO[2,1-c][1,3,2] BENZODIAZAPHOSPHORINE DERIVATIVES: NEW POTENTIAL AGENTS FOR CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY (2000)

Abstract Three derivatives of 2-chloro-5,8,9,13b-tetrahydro-5-methyl-6H-Isoquino[2,1 -GI[1,3,2]benzodiazaphosphorine 6-oxides as well as its sulphides were synthesized with the aim of evaluating their antitumor properties. Three of the twenty one compounds were found to be significantly active (inhibition of tumor growth > 80%) in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma screen. Several structure-activity relationships were indicated for antitumor activity in this screen. An aziridinyl substituted derivative, bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino substitution (3) also exhibited significant activity against the growth of P-388 lymphocytic Leukemia cells in male BDF, mice (% T/C = 147; % T/C > 125 is considered significant). The reference for activity comparison is cyclophosphamide or cytoxan i.e. [bis(2-chloroethyl)aino]-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane 2-oxide [having TIC × 100 = 339 at a dose of 65 mg/kg]
Serum antibodies in epilepsy and seizure-associated disorders (2005)

The presence of autoantibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels and glutamic acid decarboxylase suggests that the immune system may contribute to certain forms of epilepsy or seizure-associated disorders. Further studies are needed to determine whether the antibodies are pathogenic.
Water Adsorption and Coadsorption with Potassium on Graphite(0001) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater Adsorption and Coadsorption with Potassium on Graphite(0001)D. V. Chakarov, L. Oesterlund, and B. KasemoCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 4, 1201–1214Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00004a028https://doi.org/10.1021/la00004a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impaired adrenocorticotropic hormone response to bacterial endotoxin in mice deficient in prostaglandin E receptor EP1 and EP3 subtypes (2003)

Sickness evokes various neural responses, one of which is activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This response can be induced experimentally by injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1. Although prostaglandins (PGs) long have been implicated in LPS-induced HPA axis activation, the mechanism downstream of PGs remained unsettled. By using mice lacking each of the four PGE receptors (EP1-EP4) and an EP1-selective antagonist, ONO-8713, we showed that both EP1 and EP3 are required for adrenocorticotropic hormone release in response to LPS. Analysis of c-Fos expression as a marker for neuronal activity indicated that both EP1 and EP3 contribute to activation of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). This analysis also revealed that EP1, but not EP3, is involved in LPS-induced activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. EP1 immunostaining in the PVN revealed its localization at synapses on corticotropin-releasing hormone-containing neurons. These findings suggest that EP1- and EP3-mediated neuronal pathways converge at corticotropin-releasing hormone-containing neurons in the PVN to induce HPA axis activation upon sickness.
Social Influence as Intrinsic Motivation for Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

We propose a unified mechanism for achieving coordination and communication in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), through rewarding agents for having causal influence over other agents' actions. Causal influence is assessed using counterfactual reasoning. At each timestep, an agent simulates alternate actions that it could have taken, and computes their effect on the behavior of other agents. Actions that lead to bigger changes in other agents' behavior are considered influential and are rewarded. We show that this is equivalent to rewarding agents for having high mutual information between their actions. Empirical results demonstrate that influence leads to enhanced coordination and communication in challenging social dilemma environments, dramatically increasing the learning curves of the deep RL agents, and leading to more meaningful learned communication protocols. The influence rewards for all agents can be computed in a decentralized way by enabling agents to learn a model of other agents using deep neural networks. In contrast, key previous works on emergent communication in the MARL setting were unable to learn diverse policies in a decentralized manner and had to resort to centralized training. Consequently, the influence reward opens up a window of new opportunities for research in this area.
The Zircus Concept Sketch for a Learning Environment and Online Community (1997)

This paper describes premises of a video, Zircus, presenting a design for a virtual environment. The video is a basis for discussion—a sketch, rather than a specification, of a virtual playspace and interactions that can happen there. The playspace is conceived as a learning environment in which constructive activities can focus thinking on certain sets of ideas. Conversations within the multiuser environment can also be conducive to learning, as well as to developing an online community. These actions and conversations would depend on a future system combining technologies in networked graphics, speech, AI, various input devices, and high-level software for constructing animations and audio/video sequences. Taking the ideas in Zircus from sketch to implementation will require contributions from researchers in a range of disciplines, including architectural design, film media, learning theory, and computer science.
The effect of the environment on the electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2016)

We present optical absorption spectra of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films obtained after 1-year-long film storage in air and upon heating up to 250°C. The results of the investigation show that long-term storage of the SWNTs in normal atmosphere leads to a substantial drop in intensity of optical absorption caused by electronic excitation, which recovers after film heating. The mechanism of changes in the electronic properties of the SWNTs under the influence of environment is discussed.
Mitogenic agents induce redistribution of transferrin receptors from internal pools to the cell surface (1986)

Incubation of serum-growth HeLa cells in serum-free medium causes a rapid (t1/2 3 min) 30-60% decrease in the binding of 125I-diferric transferrin to the cell surface. Addition of fetal bovine serum to cells in serum-free medium results in a rapid (t1/2 3 min) and concentration-dependent increase in binding activity. The loss or gain in ligand binding is a result of changes in surface receptor number rather than an alteration in ligand-receptor affinity. A variety of hormones (insulin, insulin-like growth factor, interleukin 1 and platelet-derived factor) were found to mimic the effect of serum on receptor number. The alteration in surface receptor number was found to be calcium-dependent. Changes in surface receptor number were independent of either receptor biosynthetic rate or the absolute cellular content of receptors. The effect of insulin or serum on Hela cell transferrin receptor distribution was unaffected by the presence of transferrin, demonstrating that receptor distribution in this cell type is ligand-independent. The ability of serum or insulin to modify surface transferrin receptor number was also observed in mouse L-cells, human skin fibroblasts, and J774 macrophage tumour cells. However, transferrin receptors on K562 and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblasts were unaltered by these agents. The quantities of receptors whose distribution is predominantly on the surface (i.e. epidermal growth factor or low density lipoprotein receptor) were unaltered by addition of the mitogenic agents. These results extend our previous studies [H.S. Wiley & J. Kaplan (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 7456-7460] demonstrating that mitogenic agents can induce redistribution of receptor pools in selected cell types.
Triple heart image: one heart beats as three (2011)

A 69-year-old patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe mitral regurgitation due to annulus dilatation was evaluated for mitral valve reconstruction. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a surprising finding with a triplication of all cardiac structures, demonstrating well-separated ghost images, most evident at the level of the aortic valve ( Panel A ; Loops 1 and 2 ) and mitral valve ( Panel B ; Loops 3 and 4 ). The triplication was …
Physical separation, mechanical enrichment and recycling-oriented characterization of spent NiMH batteries (2018)

Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) batteries contain high amount of industrial metals, especially iron, nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements. Although the battery waste is a considerable secondary source for metal and chemical industries, a recycling process requires a suitable pretreatment method before proceeding with recovery step to reclaim all valuable elements. In this study, AA- and AAA-type spent NiMH batteries were ground and then sieved for size measurement and classification. Chemical composition of the ground battery black mass and sorted six different size fractions were determined by an analytical technique. Crystal structures of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Results show that after mechanical treatment, almost 87 wt% of the spent NiMH batteries are suitable for further recycling steps. Size classification by sieving enriched the iron content of the samples in the coarse fraction which is bigger than 0.25 mm. On the other hand, the amounts of nickel and rare earth elements increased by decreasing sample size, and concentrated in the finer fractions. Anode and cathode active materials that are hydrogen storage alloy and nickel hydroxide were mainly collected in finer size fraction of the battery black mass.
Conventional and No-Tillage Effects on the Distribution of Crop Residues and Light Fraction Organic Matter (2014)

Tillage management on agricultural soils is important because of its effect on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. The decomposition of fresh crop residues to stabilized organic matter by soil microbes results in a continuum of intermediary SOM fractions or pools. The light fraction organic matter (LFOM) represents one of the SOM pools formed in the early stages of decomposition and is distinguished as a potential labile SOM pool which is sensitive to changes in management practices. The objective of this study was to measure the quantity, distribution, and δ13C signature of the LFOM pool in farmland soils managed under a conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) system. The study uses the δ13C natural abundance technique which involved a crop rotation of C3 and C4 species on a calcareous Typic Hapludalf soil. The LFOM was obtained using density fractionation, while the organic C, N, and δ13C of whole soil and light fraction were measured using high-temperature combustion coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Our findings showed that there was a significant increase in the light fraction C and N pools in the NT soils compared with the CT soils after 6 yr of NT. There was a higher proportion of corn-derived C in the light fraction in the 0- to 10- and 10- to 20-cm depth of NT soils. The differences in the isotopic signature of the whole soil and SOM fractions also show a preservation of newly derived C in the NT soils compared with the CT soils.
Faithful Representations and Topographic Maps: From Distortion- to Information-Based Self-Organization (2000)

From the Publisher:
Topographic map formation is an important component of both artificial and biological networks, and is emerging as a key topic in the theory of Neural Networks, a popular area of artificial intelligence research. This book discusses in detail, the science behind a computer's ability to self-organize, an area which has important practical applications in data mining and pattern recognition. Written by a well-known researcher in the field and providing an introductory chapter to bring newcomers to the topic up-to-speed, this title provides complete coverage of self-organizing maps.
Effect of Thermal Changes on Expansion Caused by Alkali Aggregate Reaction in a Concrete Retaining Wall (2003)

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Is AlN/Sapphire bilayer structure an alternative to langasite for ultra-high-temperature SAW applications? (2011)

This paper explores the potentiality to use AlN/sapphire structure as alternative piezoelectric material to langasite (LGS) for high-temperature SAW applications. In situ SAW measurements performed in vacuum up to 1050°C attest that AlN/Sapphire is more stable than LGS in such conditions. While in the case of LGS, the signal is completely lost after 8 hours at 1050°C, the device based on AlN/sapphire stays alive for 60 hours at this extreme temperature. Moreover, the degradation is attributed not to AlN but to the agglomeration phenomena undergone by the Iridium IDTs. The AlN/Sapphire structure shows also, between room temperature and at least 1050°C, a great sensitivity to temperature as well as a good linearity, which is very suitable for temperature sensor applications.
III. Malignant melanoma and levodopa (1985)

Manstein, George; Willett, W. C.; Krishnan, M. M.S.; Canaganayagam, A. Author Information
Summary Abstract: Effect of ion sputtering on the surface composition of binary alloys of tin, lead, and indium (1982)

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