gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-accuracy 2D digital image correlation measurements using low-cost imaging lenses: implementation of a generalized compensation method (2013)

The ideal pinhole imaging model commonly assumed for an ordinary two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) system is neither perfect nor stable because of the existence of small out-of-plane motion of the test sample surface that occurred after loading, small out-of-plane motion of the sensor target due to temperature variation of a camera and unavoidable geometric distortion of an imaging lens. In certain cases, these disadvantages can lead to significant errors in the measured displacements and strains. Although a high-quality bilateral telecentric lens has been strongly recommended to be used in the 2D-DIC system as an essential optical component to achieve high-accuracy measurement, it is not generally applicable due to its fixed field of view, limited depth of focus and high cost. To minimize the errors associated with the imperfectness and instability of a common 2D-DIC system using a low-cost imaging lens, a generalized compensation method using a non-deformable reference sample is proposed in this work. With the proposed method, the displacement of the reference sample rigidly attached behind the test sample is first measured using 2D-DIC, and then it is fitted using a parametric model. The fitted parametric model is then used to correct the displacements of the deformed sample to remove the influences of these unfavorable factors. The validity of the proposed compensation method is first verified using out-of-plane translation, out-of-plane rotation, in-plane translation tests and their combinations. Uniaxial tensile tests of an aluminum specimen were also performed to quantitatively examine the strain accuracy of the proposed compensation method. Experiments show that the proposed compensation method is an easy-to-implement yet effective technique for achieving high-accuracy deformation measurement using an ordinary 2D-DIC system.
Beta-amyloid deposition around hepatic bile ducts is a novel pathobiological and diagnostic feature of biliary atresia (2020)

Biliary atresia is a poorly understood and devastating obstructive bile duct disease of newborns. It is often diagnosed late, is incurable and frequently requires liver transplantation. Using human and mouse 'liver mini-organs in the dish', we unexpectedly identified beta-amyloid deposition - the main pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy - around bile ducts in livers from patients with biliary atresia. This finding reveals a novel pathogenic mechanism that could have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
A novel strategy for cancer treatment： Targeting cancer stem cells (2008)

癌症茎 cell/tumor-initiating 房间(CSC/TIC ) 是拥有正常干细胞的性质的部分的癌症房间的一个子类。它有增长的一个高能力并且在肿瘤复发和肿瘤抵抗起一个枢轴的作用到放射疗法和化疗。目前，小分子禁止者和熔化蛋白质广泛地在指向 CSC 策略被使用。Gene-virotherapy，它把 oncolytic 侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌用作向量调停治疗学的基因的表示，显示出重要优势到癌症治疗的另外的政体并且在稳固的肿瘤的治疗有好功效。因此，使用 gene-virotherapy 进指向 CSC 治疗是一种有希望的选择。基于位于 CSC 自强下面的分子的机制，为指向 CSC 的一系列有效策略被建立了。这评论将在指向 CSC 治疗上总结最近的研究进步。
Cratering History and Lunar Chronology (2006)

Research Article| January 01, 2006 Cratering History and Lunar Chronology Dieter Stöffler; Dieter Stöffler Institut für Mineralogie, Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10099 Berlin, Germany, e-mail: Dieter.Stoeffler@MUSEUM.HU-Berlin.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Graham Ryder; Graham Ryder Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Boris A. Ivanov; Boris A. Ivanov Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres, Leninsky Prospect, 38, Bldg. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Natalia A. Artemieva; Natalia A. Artemieva Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres, Leninsky Prospect, 38, Bldg. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark J. Cintala; Mark J. Cintala NASA Johnson Space Center, SN2, Houston, Texas, 77058, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Richard A. F. Grieve Richard A. F. Grieve Natural Resources Canada, 588 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0Y7, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2006) 60 (1): 519–596. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.60.05 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Dieter Stöffler, Graham Ryder, Boris A. Ivanov, Natalia A. Artemieva, Mark J. Cintala, Richard A. F. Grieve; Cratering History and Lunar Chronology. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2006;; 60 (1): 519–596. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.60.05 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search The Moon is exceptional and important because it is the only planetary body besides the Earth for which we have both a detailed stratigraphic history and datable rock samples that can be related to specific geomorphologic units (Fig. 5.11). The Moon has preserved much of its magmatic and impact record of at least the last 4 billion years. While its endogenic history is of great interest for the fundamentals of planetary interiors and surfaces, the Moon has become a calibration plate for the cratering record of the Earth-Moon system, and by extrapolation, of the entire inner solar system... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Vision-based control for rigid body stabilization (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of stabilizing to a desired equilibrium point an eye-in-hand system, which consists of a single camera mounted on a rigid body free to move in SE(3). It is assumed that there is a collection of landmarks fixed in the environment and that the image coordinates of those landmarks are provided to the system by an on-board CCD camera. The proposed method addresses not only the problem of stabilization but also that of maintaining feature visibility along the system's trajectory. The resulting solution consists of a feedback control law based on the image coordinates and reconstructed depth information that guarantees: i) almost global asymptotic stability of the desired equilibrium point; ii) positive invariance of a conveniently defined subset of SE(3), to enforce feature visibility; and iii) exponential stability of an error vector directly defined in the image plane.
Studies on Transamination in Microoganisms (1961)

Transaminase reaction between L-lysine and α-ketoglutaric acid was found in the cell-free extracts of Flavobacterium fuscum, Fl. flavescens and Achromobacter liquidum. The transaminase in the extract of Fl. fuscum was partially purified and some properties were investigated. The formation of glutamic acid proceeded stoichiometrically with disappearance of the substrates by transamination. D-Lysine and pyruvic acid, phenylpyruvic acid or oxaloacetic acid could not participate in this reaction as an amino donor and an amino acceptor, respectively. The activity of the transaminase was inhibited by addition of penicillamine. As the keto analogue of L-lysine did not react with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form a hydrazone, but reacted with o-aminobenzaldehyde and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to produce respectively unique color, it was suggested that the keto analogue was present in a form of a cyclic compound containing a piperidine ring.
The preparation of kits for labelling macromolecules of biological interest with technetium-99m (1987)

A method has been developed for producing 'kits' for labelling porphyrins, dextrans, myoglobin and cytochromes with technetium-99m. The kits have a shelf life of at least 3 months and can be reconstituted by the simple addition of 99TcmO4 from a commercial generator diluted in a buffer. The most suitable buffer was found to be isotonic citrate/saline at pH 9.0 to 9.5. When the kits are prepared as described and reconstituted with the above buffer, labelling yields of more than 95% are routinely achieved and polymerization or stacking of the labelled compounds is prevented.
Modulation instability of plasma waves excited by relativistic beams (1978)

Relativistic beams can excite intense plasma waves, which are susceptible to modulation instability and lead to strong Langmuir turbulence. It is shown that in cases of practical interest the influence of relativistic beams on the modulation instability is the decisive factor. The growth rates for the modulation instability are found for one-dimensional and ''anisotropic'' beams.
Effect of Reaction Temperature on Adhesive Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Acrylic Hybrids Synthesized by Semicontinuous Miniemulsion Polymerization (2013)

Abstract Hybrid polyurethane/acrylic particles have been synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization at various temperatures to determine the effect of the reaction temperature on the polymer microstructure and the adhesive properties of films prepared from latexes. Simultaneous free radical polymerization of a mixture of (meth)acrylic monomers in the presence of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and addition polymerization of an isocyanate terminated prepolymer and chain extending diol have been performed and the resulting polymers are characterized in terms of their gel content, sol molecular weight, swelling degree, and microgel size. The changes in the polymer microstructure are related to bulk effects in the adhesive films resulting from differences in the polymerization kinetics at different temperatures.
Asymmetric Membrane Fiber-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal Devices for Ion Chromatography (2004)

The application of hollow and filament-filled single asymmetric membrane fibers, consisting of a thin silicone layer on a tubular microporous support, for removing CO(2) in suppressed ion chromatography effluents is described. With appropriate choice of the removal device and operating conditions, the CO(2) can be essentially quantitatively (99+%) removed. For carbonate-based eluents, the use of such devices greatly reduces or eliminates the water dip, permitting better quantitation of poorly retained anions that elute close to the dip, allows practical gradient chromatography, and improves noise levels and attainable detection limits. In hydroxide eluent chromatography, the device largely removes the response from CO(2) present in the samples; this greatly aids atmospheric trace gas analysis by IC. Device dimensions are such that the dispersion introduced by the device is small.
Effect of altering the daily herbage allowance to cows in mid lactation on the composition, ripening and functionality of low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese (1998)

Milk was collected from three spring-calving herds, on different daily herbage allowances (DHA) of perennial rye-grass (16, 20 or 24 kg dry matter (DM)/cow for a 17 week period. On five occasions, at weekly intervals in the middle of the period, the three different milks were converted into low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella cheese. Increasing the DHA resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of protein in the cheesemilk (P < 0.05) and cheese whey (P < 0.02). The moisture-adjusted cheese yield increased significantly (P < 0.01) on raising the DHA from 16 to 24 kg grass DM/cow. DHA had no significant effects on any of the gross compositional values of the cheese (although moisture and fat-in-DM levels tended to decrease and increase respectively with increasing DHA). The hardness of the uncooked cheese and functionality of cooked cheese (i.e. melt time, flowability, stretch and viscosity) were not significantly influenced by DHA over the 115 d ripening period at 4 degrees C.
ARP3β, the gene encoding a new human actin‐related protein, is alternatively spliced and predominantly expressed in brain neuronal cells (2000)

A cDNA encoding a new human actin-related protein (ARP) was cloned. The corresponding protein is highly conserved with the previously described ARP3 protein, suggesting that it represents a second isoform of the human ARP3 subfamily. This new actin-related protein was subsequently named ARP3beta and represents the second example of multiple isoforms of an actin-related protein in a single organism. The ARP3beta gene was mapped to chromosome band 7q34, centromeric to Sonic Hedgehog. Gene structure analysis revealed that at least part of the observed ARP3beta mRNA heterogeneity is caused by alternative splicing resulting in exon skipping. Transcripts produced after exon 2 skipping are predicted to encode truncated products, whose functionality is still unclear. An ARP3beta pseudogene was detected on chromosome 2p11 by database searching. Several ARP3beta mRNA species were detected by Northern blotting and their abundance varied importantly among tissues: the highest expression levels were detected in fetal and adult brain, whereas lower levels were observed in liver, muscle and pancreas. In contrast, ARP3 mRNAs were detected in all tissues tested. Using in situ hybridization, the expression of ARP3beta in brain was shown to be restricted to neurons and epithelial cells from choroid plexus. This suggests a specific function for ARP3beta in the physiology of the development and/or maintenance of distinct subsets of nerve cells.
The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator-Prey Systems (1979)

In this study of arthropod predador-prey systems Michael Hassell shows how many of the components of predation may be simply modeled in order to reveal their effects on the overall dynamics of the interacting populations. Arthropods, particularly insects, make ideal subjects for such a study because their generation times are characteristically short and many have relatively discrete generations, inviting the use of difference equation models to describe population changes. Using analytical models framed in difference equations, Dr. Hassell is able to show how the detailed biological processes of insect predator-prey (including host-parasitoid) interactions may be understood. Emphasizing the development and subsequent stability analysis of general models, the author considers in detail several crucial components of predator-prey models: the prey's rate of increase as a function of density, non-random search, mutual interference, and the predator's rate of increase as a function of predator survival and fecundity. Drawing on the correspondence between the models and field and laboratory data, Dr. Hassell then discusses the practical implications for biological pest control and suggests how such models may help to formulate a theoretical basis for biological control practices.
Improving in vivo human cerebral cortical surface reconstruction using data-driven super-resolution (2020)

Accurate and automated reconstruction of the in vivo human cerebral cortical surface from anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images facilitates the quantitative analysis of cortical structure. Anatomical MR images with sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution improve the accuracy of cortical surface and thickness estimation compared to the standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution. Nonetheless, sub-millimeter resolution acquisitions require averaging multiple repetitions to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and are therefore long and potentially vulnerable to subject motion. We address this challenge by synthesizing sub-millimeter resolution images from standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution images using a data-driven supervised machine learning-based super-resolution approach achieved via a deep convolutional neural network. We systematically characterize our approach using a large-scale simulated dataset and demonstrate its efficacy in empirical data. The super-resolution data provide improved cortical surfaces similar to those obtained from native sub-millimeter resolution data. The whole-brain mean absolute discrepancy in cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation is below 100 μm at the single-subject level and below 50 μm at the group level for the simulated data, and below 200 μm at the single-subject level and below 100 μm at the group level for the empirical data, making the accuracy of cortical surfaces derived from super-resolution sufficient for most applications.
Ceria Maintains Smaller Metal Catalyst Particles by Strong Metal-Support Bonding (2010)

The energies of silver (Ag) atoms in Ag nanoparticles supported on different cerium and magnesium oxide surfaces, determined from previous calorimetric measurements of metal adsorption energies, were analyzed with respect to particle size. Their stability was found to increase with particle size below 5000 atoms per particle. Silver nanoparticles of any given size below 1000 atoms had much higher stability (30 to 70 kilojoules per mole of silver atoms) on reduced CeO2(111) than on MgO(100). This effect is the result of the very large adhesion energy (approximately 2.3 joules per square meter) of Ag nanoparticles to reduced CeO2(111), which we found to be a result of strong bonding to both defects and CeO2(111) terraces, apparently localized by lattice strain. These results explain the unusual sinter resistance of late transition metal catalysts when supported on ceria.
Influence of Methacrylic-Acrylic Copolymer Composition on Plasticiser-free Optode Films for pH Sensors (2003)

In this work we have examined the use of plasticiser-free polymeric films incorporating a proton selective chromoionophore for optical pH sensor. Four types of methacrylic-acrylic copolymers containing different compositions of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were synthesised for use as optical sensor films. The copolymers were mixed with appropriate amounts of chromoionophore (ETH5294) and a lipophilic salt before spin coated on glass slides to form films for the evaluation of pH response using spectrophotometry. Co-polymer films with high nBA content gave good response and the response time depended on the film thickness. A preliminary evaluation of the optical films of high nBA content with pHs from 2 - 14 showed distinguishable responses from pH 5 - 9. However, the adhesion of the pH sensitive film was good for copolymers with higher content of MMA but not for films with high nBA.
Microwave interferometer radar-based vital sign detection for driver monitoring syst (2015)

Autonomous driving is a topic of great importance for our society and is expected to be introduced in the automotive market in a couple of decades. Today, vehicles can already autonomously brake and accelerate in order to avoid crashes with obstacles detected by camera and radar technology. The next step towards autonomous driving is the introduction of driver health monitoring systems. Intensive research is being conducted in this field with the goal of developing a ”biometric driver seat”. In this paper, an interferometric radar-based vital sign detection is presented. The aim is to investigate the applicability of radar technology for vital sign monitoring such as heartbeat and breath rate of the driver with sensors embedded in the seat. The proposed interferometric radar is based on the Six-Port receiver technique and shows excellent performance for the addressed application.
Optimal threshold control in discrete failure-prone manufacturing systems (2002)

Bielecki and Kumar (1988) show that the threshold or hedging-point production policies are optimal in a continuous manufacturing system, even if production ability is uncertain. Their analysis assumes constant demand and processing time. In this paper, we consider a discrete manufacturing system in which production capacity, demand, and processing time are all nondeterministic. We formulate the problem into a discrete Markovian production model, and explore the most cost-effective control policy for such a system. With two more sources of uncertainty, we find that the threshold control policies are optimal among all feasible policies when the long run average cost is to be minimized. This extends Bielecki and Kumar's result which shows that the threshold policies are optimal among a subset of feasible policies.
Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Recipients of Single Lung Transplants From the Same Donor (1996)

Recipients of organ transplants are at increased risk for infection both because of immunosuppression and because of the transfer of microbes through the donor organs. We report two cases of M. tuberculosis disease in recipients of single lung transplants who shared a common donor. Both recipients developed pulmonary tuberculosis, one having fever and pulmonary infiltrates and the other having subclinical disease with M. tuberculosis organisms being recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on both isolates of M. tuberculosis revealed a common source. The donor of both lungs had a normal chest radiograph and no known prior history of M. tuberculosis infection of disease. These cases are the first report of two single lung recipients developing pulmonary tuberculosis from a common donor.
Dielectric Breakdown and Post-Breakdown Dissolution of Si/SiO2 Cathodes in Acidic Aqueous Electrochemical Environment (2018)

Understanding the conducting mechanisms of dielectric materials under various conditions is of increasing importance. Here, we report the dielectric breakdown (DB) and post-breakdown mechanism of Si/SiO<sub>2</sub>, a widely used semiconductor and dielectric, in an acidic aqueous electrochemical environment. Cathodic breakdown was found to generate conduction spots on the Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> surface. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), the size and number of conduction spots are confirmed to increase from nanometer to micrometer scale during the application of negative voltage. The morphologies of these conduction spots reveal locally recessed inverted-pyramidal structures with exposed Si{111} sidewalls. The pits generation preceded by DB is considered to occur via cathodic dissolution of Si and exfoliation of SiO<sub>2</sub> that are induced by local pH increases due to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the conduction spots. The HER at the conduction spots is more sluggish due to strongly hydrogen-terminated Si{111} surfaces.
Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Side-by-Side Hybrid Concept Vehicle Powertrain Dynamic Model (2021)

Abstract The side-by-side (SBS) hybrid is one of several Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) concept aircraft identified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to investigate Urban Air Mobility (UAM) requirements. This paper presents a dynamic model of the SBS hybrid powertrain built using the toolboxforthemodelingandanalysisofthermodynamicsystems (t-mats) and the electricalmodelingandthermalanalysistoolbox (emtat). The model consists of the rotors, electrical power system, and turboshaft engines connected through freewheeling clutches, gearboxes, and multiple shafts. This research effort models the complex behavior of the powertrain, including the operation of the freewheeling clutches and electrical power system at the simulation time scale of the shaft dynamics. Several simulations highlight the key features present in the model and demonstrate its operation.