gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FSO Receiver With High Optical Alignment Robustness Using High-Speed 2D-PDA and Space Diversity Technique (2020)

A free-space optical (FSO) receiver with high optical alignment robustness configured by a single optical lens is presented, in addition to a newly developed 2-D photodetector array (2D-PDA). A 6 × 6 square-shaped aligned arrangement matrix structure in the 2D-PDA provides a large active area for photodetection. In a 1.5-m FSO demonstration, the optical alignment tolerance on the receiver's lens is evaluated to be as large as 12 mm. The multiple-output signals from the 2D-PDA are used for the maximum ratio combining method in space diversity. The system design and alignment tolerance without a mechanical beam-tracking system are presented and the bit error rate contributed by space diversity is discussed.
The Tower, Volume 4, Spring 2012 (2012)

The Tower is an official publication of the Georgia Tech Office of Student Media and is sponsored by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program and the Georgia Tech Library. This is the entire issue of Volume 4.
Isotopic air sampling in a tallgrass prairie to partition net ecosystem CO2exchange (2003)

Stable isotope ratios of various ecosystem components and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) CO 2 fluxes were measured in a C 3 ‐C 4 mixture tallgrass prairie near Manhattan, Kansas. The July 2002 study period was chosen because of contrasting soil moisture contents, which allowed us to address the effects of drought on photosynthetic CO 2 uptake and isotopic discrimination. Significantly higher NEE fluxes were observed for both daytime uptake and nighttime respiration during well‐watered conditions when compared to a drought period. Given these differences, we investigated two carbon‐flux partitioning questions: (1) What proportions of NEE were contributed by C 3 versus C 4 species? (2) What proportions of NEE fluxes resulted from canopy assimilation versus ecosystem respiration? To evaluate these questions, air samples were collected every 2 hours during daytime for 3 consecutive days at the same height as the eddy covariance system. These air samples were analyzed for both carbon isotope ratios and CO 2 concentrations to establish an empirical relationship for isoflux calculations. An automated air sampling system was used to collect nighttime air samples to estimate the carbon isotope ratios of ecosystem respiration (δ R ) at weekly intervals for the entire growing season. Models of C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis were employed to estimate bulk canopy intercellular CO 2 concentration in order to calculate photosynthetic discrimination against 13 C. Our isotope/NEE results showed that for this grassland, C 4 vegetation contributed ∼80% of the NEE fluxes during the drought period and later ∼100% of the NEE fluxes in response to an impulse of intense precipitation. For the entire growing season, the C 4 contribution ranged from ∼68% early in the spring to nearly 100% in the late summer. Using an isotopic approach, the calculated partitioned respiratory fluxes were slightly greater than chamber‐measured estimates during midday under well‐watered conditions. In addition, time series analyses of our δ R measurements revealed that occasionally during periods of high wind speed (increasing the sampling footprint) the C 3 cropland and forests surrounding the C 4 prairie could be detected and had an impact on the carbon isotopic signal. The implication is that isotopic air sampling of CO 2 can be useful as a tracer for evaluating the fetch of upwind airflow in a heterogeneous ecosystem.
Verifying properties from different emotions produces switching costs : Evidence for coarse-grained language statistics and fine-grained perceptual simulation (2013)

We investigated whether emotions are activated during comprehension of emotion words. In the first part of the study, an experiment was conducted in which participants read sentence pairs each describing an emotional state and then engaged in a judgment task. Sentences were paired to either match or mismatch in emotion (happy, sad, or angry). We predicted that the sentences that mismatch in emotion produced longer reaction times than those where the emotion was the same, and that shifts between negative emotions had less of an impact. In the second part of the study, we calculated the frequency of first-order co-occurrences of nouns and adjectives related to happy, sad, and angry emotional states. This analysis demonstrated emotion words are more often accompanied by similar emotion words. Match and mismatch of emotion explained RTs as did statistical linguistic frequencies of the words. The combination of these two studies contributes to a growing body of research that supports the importance of both symbolic and perceptual processing of emotion.
Adaptive Learning: A New Decentralized Reinforcement Learning Approach for Cooperative Multiagent Systems (2020)

Multiagent systems (MASs) have received extensive attention in a variety of domains, such as robotics and distributed control. This paper focuses on how independent learners (ILs, structures used in decentralized reinforcement learning) decide on their individual behaviors to achieve coherent joint behavior. To date, Reinforcement learning(RL) approaches for ILs have not guaranteed convergence to the optimal joint policy in scenarios in which communication is difficult. Especially in a decentralized algorithm, the proportion of credit for a single agent’s action in a multiagent system is not distinguished, which can lead to miscoordination of joint actions. Therefore, it is highly significant to study the mechanisms of coordination between agents in MASs. Most previous coordination mechanisms have been carried out by modeling the communication mechanism and other agent policies. These methods are applicable only to a particular system, so such algorithms do not offer generalizability, especially when there are dozens or more agents. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the MAS contains more than a dozen agents. By combining the method of parallel computation, the experimental environment is closer to the application scene. By studying the paradigm of centralized training and decentralized execution(CTDE), a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm for implicit coordination based on TD error is proposed. The new algorithm can dynamically adjust the learning rate by deeply analyzing the dissonance problem in the matrix game and combining it with a multiagent environment. By adjusting the dynamic learning rate between agents, coordination of the agents’ strategies can be achieved. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the coordination ability of a MAS. Moreover, the variance of the training results is more stable than that of the hysteretic Q learning(HQL) algorithm. Hence, the problem of miscoordination in a MAS can be avoided to some extent without additional communication. Our work provides a new way to solve the miscoordination problem for reinforcement learning algorithms in the scale of dozens or more number of agents. As a new IL structure algorithm, our results should be extended and further studied.
N-(Thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (2008)

The title compound, C(5)H(6)N(2)OS, was synthesized from acetyl chloride and 2-amino-thia-zole in dry acetone. The asymmetric unit contains two mol-ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by N-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal-Induced Formation of 1,N6-Etheno-2‘-deoxyadenosine and 1,N2-Etheno-2‘-deoxyguanosine Adducts (2002)

trans-4,5-Epoxy-2(E)-decenal reacted with 2'-deoxyadenosine to give 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine as well as other 2'-deoxyadenosine adducts. It also reacted with 2'-deoxyguanosine to give 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine and other 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. Synthetic trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal was quite stable under the reaction conditions that were used. It was not contaminated with 2,3-epoxyoctanal, a potential precursor to the formation of unsubstituted etheno adducts. Furthermore, using a sensitive LC/MS assay, it was possible to show that no 2,3-epoxyoctanal was formed during prolonged incubations of trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal. Therefore, trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal, a primary product of lipid peroxidation, is a precursor to the formation of 1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine. There is no need for an additional oxidation step such as would be required if trans,trans-2,4-decadienal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were the lipid hydroperoxide decomposition products that initiated the formation of unsubstituted etheno adducts. These findings provide an important link between a primary product of lipid peroxidation and a mutagenic DNA lesion that has been detected in human tissues.
Supplementary Table 2 from Reactive Oxygen Species, DNA Damage, and Error-Prone Repair: A Model for Genomic Instability with Progression in Myeloid Leukemia? (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Reactive Oxygen Species, DNA Damage, and Error-Prone Repair: A Model for Genomic Instability with Progression in Myeloid Leukemia?
Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial (2013)

Adolescence is a time for rapid growth that represents an opportunity to influence peak bone mass. Prebiotic agents, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), increase Ca absorption in animal models and postmenopausal women. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the dose-response relationship of GOS supplementation on Ca absorption during growth and to assess changes in colonic microbiota to better understand the mechanism by which GOS is acting. A total of thirty-one healthy adolescent girls aged 10-13 years consumed smoothie drinks twice daily with 0, 2·5 or 5 g GOS for three 3-week periods in a random order. Fractional Ca absorption was determined from urinary Ca excretion over 48 h at the end of each 3-week period using a dual stable isotope method. Faecal microbiota and bifidobacteria were assessed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. Fractional Ca absorption after the 48 h treatment with control, 5 and 10 g GOS/d was 0·393 (SD 0·092), 0·444 (SD 0·086) and 0·419 (SD 0·099), respectively. Significant improvements in Ca absorption were seen with both low and high doses of GOS compared with the control (P,0·02), but itwas not a dose-response relationship. The increase in absorption was greatest in the urine collected after 24 h, which is consistent with lower gut absorption. Faecal bifidobacteria increased (control 10·89 (SD 13·86), 5 g GOS 22·80 (SD 15·74) and 10 g GOS 11·54 (SD 14·20)) with the GOS treatment (P,0·03). The results suggest that daily consumption of 5 g GOS increases Ca absorption, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota, specifically bifidobacteria.
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the diagnosis of several malignant tissue samples (2017)

Here, the authors have utilized laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to distinguish cancerous tissues from normal ones. For this purpose, the plasma emission spectra of the normal and cancerous tissues taken from four different organs of interest, i.e, breast, colon, larynx, and tongue are analyzed via the excitation of a pulsed Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (ND: YAG) laser at 1064 nm. Results show that the abundance of the trace elements such as Ca, Mg, and Na trace elements are elevated in the cancerous tissues with respect to normal ones. In addition, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and quadrupole-mass spectroscopy are employed to support the findings given by LIBS. Furthermore, the plasma characteristics such as temperature and electron density are probed by data processing of the plasma spectra at local thermal equilibrium condition as an alternative technique to discriminate between the normal and malignant tissues. It is shown that more energetic plasma is created on the neoplastic specimens resulting in higher electron density and plasma temperature due to the corresponding intense atomic/ionic characteristic emissions of species. The simplicity and low cost of processes benefits the physicians to encourage the clinical application of LIBS in near future.
The Bacteriological Screening of Platelet Concentrates Stored at 22 C (1973)

Platelet concentrate prepared under routine British blood bank conditions in a closed‐bag‐system was examined for bacteriological contamination. None was found. Platelet concentrate was shown to support free multiplication from minimal inocula of several pathogenic and commensal bacterial species especially at 37 C. It is the authors' opinion that if any platelet concentrate is stored at 22 C and not used immediately after preparation, then it should be screened for bacterial growth by holding a heat sealed segment of tubing containing a representative sample of fluid overnight at 37 C and then preparing a Gram‐stained film for examination before issue of the parent bag.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vitamin D (Calciferol) (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robot-assisted aortic valve replacement using a novel sutureless bovine pericardial prosthesis: proof of concept as an alternative to percutaneous implantation. (2010)

: Complete excision of diseased native aortic valve cusps with robot assistance facilitates accurate and reproducible aortic valve replacement using a novel self-expanding sutureless version of a proven bovine pericardial prosthesis. This approach is comparable to the current surgical gold standard and is ready for clinical use as an alternative to percutaneous aortic valve implantation.
Confronting herbicide resistance with cooperative management (2018)

Our findings highlight the importance of landscape-scale cooperative management for confronting common-pool-resource resistance problems in weeds and other analogous systems. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
cBN particle filled SiCN precursor coatings (2009)

AbstractA polymer derived ceramic composite coating consisting of the polycarbosilazane ABSE (matrix) and cBN (filler) is developed. The final coating thickness is varied by adjusting the withdrawal speed, the viscosity of the solution and the pyrolysis temperature. The coatings exhibit excellent adhesion to the substrate confirmed by cross-cut and bending tests. The environmental barrier properties of the coatings were investigated with static, isothermal oxidation experiments testing coated and uncoated steel substrates. It was revealed that the weight gain during oxidation was strongly reduced by coating the substrates and hence the coatings offer the possibility to enhance the lifetime and performance of steel substrates under rough conditions.Keywords: PRECURSORSICNCOATINGOXIDATIONCERAMIC FILLER
Evaluation of a sensor-based system of motion analysis for detection and quantification of forelimb and hind limb lameness in horses (2004)

The A-G system detected and quantified forelimb and hind limb lameness in horses trotting on the treadmill. Because the data are collected wirelessly, this system might be used to objectively evaluate lameness in the field.
Age and geographic patterns of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in a representative sample of children living in Burkitt lymphoma-endemic areas of northern Uganda (2017)

The study observed high but geographically and demographically heterogenous patterns of asymptomatic malaria prevalence among children living in northern Uganda. These results provide important baseline data that will enable precise evaluation of associations between malaria and BL.
An Asymmetric, Bifunctional Catalytic Approach to Non-Natural α-Amino Acid Derivatives (2007)

A catalytic, asymmetric process for the synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazinones from o-benzoquinone imides and ketene enolates is reported. Addition of Lewis acids (Zn(OTf)2, In(OTf)3, and in particular Sc(OTf)3) creates a bifunctional catalytic system that dramatically increases the reaction rate and the yield of these non-natural amino acid precursors while preserving the remarkable enantioselectivity inherent to the reaction. Cocatalyst Sc(OTf)3 increases the yield by up to 42% while producing products in >99% ee.
Mediators and modulators of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2006)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as a mean pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure of >25 mmHg at rest or >30 mmHg during exercise, is characterized by a progressive and sustained increase in pulmonary vascular resistance that eventually leads to right ventricular failure. Clinically, PH may result from a variety of underlying diseases (Table 1 and Refs. 50, 113, 124). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may be familial (FPAH) or sporadic (idiopathic, IPAH), formerly known as primary pulmonary hypertension, i.e., for which there is no demonstrable cause. More often, PAH is due to a variety of identifiable diseases including scleroderma and other collagen disorders, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and the intake of appetite-suppressant drugs such as phentermine and fenfluramine (72). Other, more common, causes of PAH include left ventricular failure (perhaps the most common cause), valvular lesions, chronic pulmonary diseases, sleep-disordered breathing, and prolonged residence at high altitude. This classification, now widely accepted, was first proposed at a meeting in Evian, France, in 1998, and modified in Venice, Italy, in 2003 (124).
Magnetron‐Sputtered Silicon Films for Gate Electrodes in MOS Devices (1987)

Silicon film approximately 0.5 μm thick for gate electrodes in MOS devices was deposited at low temperatures (<100°C) by RF planar magnetron sputtering. The target was 99.9995% pure silicon, and the sputtering gas was argon (0.2–5.3 Pa). The deposited film was phosphorus implanted and thermally annealed in nitrogen atmosphere. Film properties were measured for as‐deposited film and annealed film. Film properties depend remarkably on argon pressure. As‐deposited film is amorphous at any argon pressure. At low argon pressure, the film consists of closely packed fine dense amorphous regions. As argon pressure increases, dense and porous regions become more pronounced and both regions increase in size. The resistivity of annealed film reaches a minimum at 2.0 Pa, the pressure at which as‐deposited film structure begins to change. The grain size also reaches a maximum at 2.0 Pa. At this pressure, it is possible to achieve low resistivity of less than , which is suitable for gate electrode in MOS devices. Moreover, MOS devices having excellent characteristics are successfully obtained using low temperature magnetron‐sputtered silicon films as gate electrodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Kdo: A Critical Monosaccharide for Bacteria Viability (2011)

Abstract Review: ca. 150 refs.
Serological Diagnosis of Tropical Canine Pancytopenia by Indirect Immunofluorescence (1972)

An indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detection and titration of antibodies to Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of tropical canine pancytopenia, has been described. The organism propagated by an in vitro technique in canine blood monocytes served as an antigen in the test. The specificity of the test was revealed by absence of cross-reactivity between the antigen and sera from dogs infected with various common pathogens and specific sera against eight rickettsial species. The accuracy of the test was ascertained by isolation of the organism from reactor dogs located in and outside the United States. Histopathological examination of nine reactor dogs revealed plasmacytosis of meninges and kidneys in eight of them.
Preparation and reaction of allylamine-rhodium(III) chloride complexes (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reaction of allylamine-rhodium(III) chloride complexesHiroaki Sawai and Hidefumi HiraiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 9, 2068–2070Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50103a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50103a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reporter Gene Imaging with PET/SPECT (2010)

Molecular imaging (MI) allows in vivo visualization of normal and abnormal cellular processes at the molecular and genomic levels, rather than at the anatomical level. MI is a relatively new biomedical discipline that enables cellular and subcellular biologic processes within living subjects to be visualized, characterized, and quantified. MI combines molecular biology and medical imaging and is increasingly attracting research attention in the molecular cell biology, chemistry, genetics, biomedical physics, engineering, and medical fields. It can be used to study genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, various intracellular processes, and cell–cell interactions. A major focus of MI is genetic imaging, that is, “molecular–genetic imaging,” and imaging reporter genes are set to play a leading role in molecular–genetic imaging.
Combination of complex‐based and magnitude‐based multiecho water‐fat separation for accurate quantification of fat‐fraction (2011)

Multipoint water-fat separation techniques rely on different water-fat phase shifts generated at multiple echo times to decompose water and fat. Therefore, these methods require complex source images and allow unambiguous separation of water and fat signals. However, complex-based water-fat separation methods are sensitive to phase errors in the source images, which may lead to clinically important errors. An alternative approach to quantify fat is through "magnitude-based" methods that acquire multiecho magnitude images. Magnitude-based methods are insensitive to phase errors, but cannot estimate fat-fraction greater than 50%. In this work, we introduce a water-fat separation approach that combines the strengths of both complex and magnitude reconstruction algorithms. A magnitude-based reconstruction is applied after complex-based water-fat separation to removes the effect of phase errors. The results from the two reconstructions are then combined. We demonstrate that using this hybrid method, 0-100% fat-fraction can be estimated with improved accuracy at low fat-fractions.
Impact of Carrier Heating on SOA Transmission Dynamics for Wavelength Conversion (2007)

Complex-valued time-resolved transmission characteristics of a semiconductor optical amplifier are measured using a spectrogram technique. A relatively simple traveling-wave density matrix model is implemented that accurately captures the evolution of complex index due to stimulated emission and carrier heating. The model shows good agreement with experimental spectrogram data.