gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of spatial proximity patterns by concept generalization (1996)

We study the spatial data mining problem of how to extract a special type of proximity relationship---namely that of distinguishing two clusters of points based on the types of their neighbouring features. The points in the clusters may represent houses on a map, and the features may represent spatial entities such as schools, parks, golf courses, etc. Classes of features are organized into concept hierarchies. We develop algorithm GenDis which uses concept generalization to identify the distinguishing features or concepts which serve as discriminators. Furthermore, we study the issue of which discriminators are &amp;quot;better&amp;quot; than others by introducing the notion of maximal discriminators, and by using a ranking system to quantitatively weigh maximal discriminators from different concept hierarchies. Introduction In recent years, there has been considerable research in detecting patterns hidden in data (Agrawal et al. 1992; Agrawal, Imielinski, &amp;amp; Swami 1993; Borgida &amp;amp; Brachman 1993). A re...
Millimeter-Wave and Submillimeter-Wave Imaging for Security and Surveillance (2007)

Passive equipments operating in the 30-300 GHz (millimeter wave) band are compared to those in the 300 GHz-3 THz (submillimeter band). Equipments operating in the submillimeter band can measure distance and also spectral information and have been used to address new opportunities in security. Solid state spectral information is available in the submillimeter region making it possible to identify materials, whereas in millimeter region bulk optical properties determine the image contrast. The optical properties in the region from 30 GHz to 3 THz are discussed for some typical inorganic and organic solids. In the millimeter-wave region of the spectrum, obscurants such as poor weather, dust, and smoke can be penetrated and useful imagery generated for surveillance. In the 30 GHz-3 THz region dielectrics such as plastic and cloth are also transparent and the detection of contraband hidden under clothing is possible. A passive millimeter-wave imaging concept based on a folded Schmidt camera has been developed and applied to poor weather navigation and security. The optical design uses a rotating mirror and is folded using polarization techniques. The design is very well corrected over a wide field of view making it ideal for surveillance and security. This produces a relatively compact imager which minimizes the receiver count.
Lattice Array Receiver and Sender for Spatially OrthoNormal MIMO Communication (2005)

In this paper, line-of-sight (LoS) oriented multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication is examined. It is shown that two opposing rectangular (as well as square and linear) lattice antenna arrays achieve the maximum attainable channel capacity, when a certain distance-wavelength condition is fulfilled. A relationship for a large number of antenna elements is derived that connects LoS MIMO with LoS SISO channel capacity, through array aperture, wavelength and number of array antenna elements. Furthermore, a sensitivity study is performed for the proposed MIMO array arrangement that reveals high robustness against various array and antenna element position errors. Sensitivity against reflections is also examined, with the conclusion that the studied MIMO scheme appears less sensitive to reflections than a SISO system.
Importance of Shared Decision-Making for Vulnerable Populations: Examples from Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction (2018)

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process through which patients and providers collaborate to select a treatment option that aligns with patients' preferences and clinical context. SDM can improve patients' decision quality and satisfaction. However, vulnerable populations face barriers to participation in SDM, which exacerbates disparities in decision quality. This perspective article discusses SDM with vulnerable patients, using examples from patients who made decisions about postmastectomy breast reconstruction. We offer several strategies for clinical practice, medical education, and research to ensure that movements to engage patients in SDM do not exclude already marginalized groups.
Reaction of pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris with its carbohydrate substrates (2015)

Monomeric Agaricus meleagris pyranose dehydrogenase (AmPDH) belongs to the glucose-methanol-choline family of oxidoreductases. An FAD cofactor is covalently tethered to His103 of the enzyme. AmPDH can double oxidize various mono- and oligosaccharides at different positions (C1 to C4). To study the structure/function relationship of selected active-site residues of AmPDH pertaining to substrate (carbohydrate) turnover in more detail, several active-site variants were generated, heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, and characterized by biochemical, biophysical and computational means. The crystal structure of AmPDH shows two active-site histidines, both of which could take on the role as the catalytic base in the reductive half-reaction. Steady-state kinetics revealed that His512 is the only catalytic base because H512A showed a reduction in (kcat /KM )glucose by a factor of 10(5) , whereas this catalytic efficiency was reduced by two or three orders of magnitude for His556 variants (H556A, H556N). This was further corroborated by transient-state kinetics, where a comparable decrease in the reductive rate constant was observed for H556A, whereas the rate constant for the oxidative half-reaction (using benzoquinone as substrate) was increased for H556A compared to recombinant wild-type AmPDH. Steady-state kinetics furthermore indicated that Gln392, Tyr510, Val511 and His556 are important for the catalytic efficiency of PDH. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were used to predict d-glucose oxidation sites, which were validated by GC-MS measurements. These simulations also suggest that van der Waals interactions are the main driving force for substrate recognition and binding.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase is a key regulator of the endocannabinoid‐induced myocardial tissue injury (2011)

Increased levels of endocannabinoids in various cardiovascular disorders (e.g. shock, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis) through the activation of CB 1 cannabinoid receptors may promote cardiovascular dysfunction and tissue injury. We have investigated the role of the main endocannabinoid anandamide metabolizing enzyme (the fatty acid amide hydrolase; FAAH) in the myocardial injury induced by an important chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX; known for its cardiotoxicity mediated by increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation) using well‐established acute and chronic cardiomyopathy models in mice. The DOX‐induced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress correlated with multiple cell death markers, which were enhanced in FAAH knockout mice exhibiting significantly increased DOX‐induced mortality and cardiac dysfunction compared to their wild type littermates. The effects of DOX in FAAH knockout mice were attenuated by CB 1 receptor antagonists. Furthermore, anandamide induced enhanced cell death in human cardiomyocytes pretreated by FAAH antagonist, and enhanced ROS generation in inflammatory cells of FAAH knockouts. These results suggest that in pathological conditions associated with acute oxidative/nitrative stress FAAH plays a key role in controlling the tissue injury, which is, at least in part, mediated by the activation of CB 1 receptors by endocannabinoids. This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIH/NIAAA (P.P.) and OTKA MB08‐A 80238 (B.H.)
Fabrication of Highly Microstructure Controlled Ceramics by Novel Colloidal Processing (2006)

Highly microstructure controlled ceramics are required for improving their properties. Colloidal processing using fine particles provides this required control mechanism through a well-dispersed suspension or hetero-coagulate suspension. As a merit of colloidal processing, the preparation of superplastic zirconia is demonstrated using sub-micronsized powders. Highly microstructure controlled ceramics fabricated by a novel colloidal processing were demonstrated as follows: (i) dense nano-sized zirconia without pressure sintering, (ii) porous ceramics with controlled pore size by hetero-coagulated suspension of ceramics and polymer, and (iii) textured ceramics with feeble magnetic susceptibility by colloidal processing in a high magnetic field.
Papillary meningioma with pleural metastasis: case report and literature review (2000)

Papillary meningiomas are rare meningeal tumors which are associated with a grim prognosis. These tumors usually recur locally and in some cases they metastasize. The clinical, radiological and histopathological features of a case of a papillary meningioma with a pleural metastasis in a 13-year-old boy are presented. The literature on metastasizing papillary meningiomas is reviewed. Up to now, 131 cases of papillary meningioma have been reported in the literature. Only 8 cases gave rise to metastases outside the central nervous system. The preferential site of metastasis appeared to be the lung. This is the first report of a papillary meningioma giving rise to a metastasis in the pleura.
Individual Carbon Nanotube Probes And Field Emitters Fabrication And T (2004)

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in 1999, they have attracted much attention due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties and potential applications. Yet their nanosize makes the study of individual CNTs easier said than done. In our laboratory, carbon fibers with nanotube cores have been synthesized with conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The single multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) sticks out as a tip of the carbon fiber. In order to pick up the individual CNT tips, focused ion beam (FIB) technique is applied to cut and adhere the samples. The carbon fiber with nanotube tip was first adhered on a micro-manipulator with the FIB welding function. Afterwards, by applying the FIB milling function, the fiber was cut from the base. This enables us to handle the individual CNT tips conveniently. By the same method, we can attach the nanotube tip on any geometry of solid samples such as conventional atomic force microscopy (AFM) silicon tips. The procedures developed for the FIB assisted individual CNT tip fabrication will be described in detail. Because of their excellent electrical and stable chemical properties, individual CNTs are potential candidates as electron guns for electron based microscopes to produce highly coherent electron beams. Due to the flexibility of the FIB fabrication, the individual CNT tips can be easily fabricated on a sharpened clean tungsten wire for field emission (FE) experimentation. Another promising application for individual CNT tips is as AFM probes. The high aspect ratio and mechanical resilience make individual CNTs ideal for scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tips. Atomic force microscopy with nanotube tips allows us to image relatively deep features of the sample surface at near nanometer resolution. Characterization of AFM with individual CNT tips and field emission properties of single CNT emitters will be studied and presented.
ChemInform Abstract: UNSATURATED SIGMA‐HYDROCARBYL TRANSITION‐METAL COMPLEXES PART 1, TRIMETHYLTIN ACETYLIDES AS SOURCES OF LATE TRANSITION‐METAL DERIVATIVES, METATHESIS, OXIDATIVE ADDITION, AND OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE (1973)

Abstract Reaktionen von Trimethylzinnacetylid (II) oder Li‐acetylid mit Komplexen von Metallen in niedriger Oxidationsstufe liefern durch metathetischen Austausch wie die Umsetzung der Rh(I)‐ bzw. Ir(I)‐Komplexe (III) bzw. (VI) mit den Acetyliden zeigen die Komplexe (IV) bzw. (VII).
CAD Architectures for DFM/DFA/DTC (1995)

An outline of the evolutionary development of a series of modelling systems is presented. These range from knowledge based enhancements of conventional geometric modellers to fully integrated systems incorporating design for manufacture (DFM), design for assembly (DFA), design to cost (DTC), design of materials (DFMat) and design for inspection (DFI). A limited level of behavioural and functional analysis is carried out through parametric optimization.
Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing (2020)

Drug absorption via the intestinal tissue is modulated by membrane permeability and metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In drug discovery research, using human IECs to evaluate membrane permeability and metabolic stability can offer very useful information when exploring for drug candidate compounds that have good bioavailability and when trying to predict the fraction absorbed and intestinal availability in humans. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic functions of human IECs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 3D cultures. As human IECs differentiated in 3D cultures form intestinal organoids and spheroids (herein termed organoids), their morphology makes it difficult to evaluate their pharmacokinetic functions. Therefore, we dissociated intestinal organoids into single cells and attempted to purify human IECs. We found that hiPSC-derived IECs (hiPSC-IECs) expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and could be highly purified by sorting EpCAM+ cells. The hiPSC-IEC monolayer showed a high TEER value (approximately 350 Ω × cm<sup>2</sup>). In addition, hiPSC-IECs oxidatively metabolized terfenadine (CYP3A and CYP2J2 substrate) and midazolam (CYP3A substrate). These results indicated that hiPSC-IECs form tight-junction and have cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities. In conclusion, we developed a novel application of hiPSC-derived intestinal organoids for drug testing.
Novel Gas Concentration Measurements based on Harmonic Detection and a Broadband Light Source (2014)

The determination of gas concentration based on harmonic detection was studied theoretically and experimentally. The principle of second harmonic detection technology based on a broadband light source and the impact of modulation parameters on the harmonic signals were analyzed theoretically. The principles of multiple modulation were analyzed in order to improve the detection resolution. A fiber Bragg grating bonded to a carbon fiber cantilever was designed to achieve wavelength modulation. The impact of the modulation frequency and voltage amplitude on the second harmonic signals were studied experimentally. The output of the detector and the impact of the random noise were analyzed at different modulation frequencies and amplitudes. The optimum frequency and amplitude were determined to be 40 Hz and 2 V. The measurement of acetylene was carried out using this system. The results show that the gas measurement limit was 500 ppm, the stability was 3.92%, and the system sensitivity was 1 µV/ppm.
Influence of alumina on physical properties of an industrial zinc–copper smelting slag Part 3 – melting behaviour (2013)

A combination of different experimental techniques and thermodynamic calculations has been used to investigate the melting behaviour of an industrial iron silicate slag and mixtures of this slag with 5, 10 and 15 wt-% alumina addition. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-optical observation were applied to monitor the solidus temperature and softening behaviour of the samples respectively. Estimation of the liquidus temperature was made using the second derivative of activation energies for viscous flow, with respect to temperature. All experimentally detected values were compared to predictions made using the FactSageTM6·2 thermodynamic package. Results show that as the slag lies in the fayalite primary phase field, the liquidus temperature decreases due to the increased alumina concentration. In the hercynite primary crystallisation phase field, however, alumina addition to the system increases the liquidus temperature. The solidus temperature does not vary significantly due to the current changes in the total alumina content of the slag.
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Frog Adrenocortical Cells by Neurotensin (2005)

We previously characterized the primary structure of neurotensin (NT) from an extract of the intestine of the frog Rana esculenta. In this study, we provide evidence for the involvement of NT in the neurocrine regulation of the secretory activity of frog adrenocortical cells. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the adrenal gland of R. esculenta is innervated by a dense network of NT-immunoreactive fibers. Graded concentrations of frog NT induced a dose-dependent stimulation of corticosterone and aldosterone secretion by frog adrenocortical explants through activation of two receptors with pEC(50) of 9.8 and 6.9. These data support the view that NT, released by nerve fibers within the frog adrenal gland, acts locally to control corticosteroid secretion.
Supplementary movie S1. B 20 μM TFP from Trifluoperazine, a Well-Known Antipsychotic, Inhibits Glioblastoma Invasion by Binding to Calmodulin and Disinhibiting Calcium Release Channel IP<sub>3</sub>R (2023)

&lt;p&gt;20 μM TFP-treated group. The cell were recorded in 2 h after seeding on 6-well plate equipped with x10 objective lens. The video were recorded by Cell Observer (Carl Zeiss, Germany).&lt;/p&gt;
Numerical solution of partial differential equations : an introduction (1994)

Partial differential equations are the chief means of providing mathematical models in physics, engineering and other fields. Generally these models must be solved numerically. This book provides a concise introduction to standard numerical techniques, ones chosen on the basis of their general utility for practical problems. The authors emphasize finite difference methods for simple examples of parabolic, hyperbolic and elliptic equations; finite element, finite volume and spectral methods are discussed briefly to see how they relate to the main theme. Stability is treated clearly and rigorously using maximum principles, energy methods, and discrete Fourier analysis. Methods are described in detail for simple problems, accompanied by typical graphical results. A key feature is the thorough analysis of the properties of these methods. Plenty of examples and exercises of varying difficulty are supplied.The book will be an excellent choice for students and teachers in mathematics, engineering and computer science departments seeking a concise introduction to the subject.
Beyond the Story-Book Ending: Literature for Young Children About Parental Estrangement and Loss (2016)

Transitions were difficult for four-year-old Aliyah.* Requests to put toys away, come in from outdoor play, and sit for meals were often met with refusals, shouting, and even violence. At naptime she would begin by playfully testing us (three teachers and, occasionally, a social worker) to see how many toys she could sneak onto her cot without us "seeing," gradually becoming louder and more disruptive until we finally approached. At this point, usually in tears, her body rigid, she would back away, sometimes hit or kick, and scream. No matter what words of comfort we offered or physical attempts to soothe her we made, she would scream at us in a powerful, grating voice, "Leave me!" At this time, Aliyah was living with an older cousin in kinship foster care, but had just recently been in the custody of her mother. Such trading off had already occurred over three times for her. In a Manhattan preschool class of fourteen three-to five-yearolds from low-income households, I would soon learn that this particular four-year-old was not alone in facing estrangement from parents and other caregivers. One boy had a father who was barred by court order from contacting him or his mother. Another had only known his grandmother as a caregiver from infancy and never saw or heard from his mother or father. Two girls had known their fathers when they were young but now barely saw them.
Purification, morphology, and genetics of a new fimbrial putative colonization factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O159:H4 (1987)

The ability to colonize the small intestine is essential for the pathogenesis of diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Colonization is mediated by fimbriae (pili), of which there are several antigenically distinct types, including colonization factor antigen I, colonization factor antigen II (CS1, CS2, and CS3), and PCF8775 (CS4, CS5, and CS6). These fimbriae are associated with certain ETEC O serogroups. Serogroup O159 has had no known colonization factor. We found a distinct plasmid-encoded fimbria composed of 19-kilodalton protein subunits associated with ETEC serotype O159:H4. Rabbit antibody against this purified fimbria reacted with a single 19-kilodalton protein band as seen by Western immunoblot of sheared-cell preparations. The rabbit antibody, treated with colloidal-gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G, bound specifically to fimbriae when cells were examined with an electron microscope. Of 10 available ETEC O159:H4 strains from Europe, Bangladesh, and Kenya, 6 expressed this type of fimbria; its true prevalence among ETEC strains is unknown. This putative colonization factor of O159:H4 joins other ETEC fimbriae as potentially useful immunogens against human diarrhea.
Collagen Fibrils Mechanically Contribute to Tissue Contraction in an In Vitro Wound Healing Scenario (2019)

Wound contraction is an ancient survival mechanism of vertebrates that results from tensile forces supporting wound closure. So far, tissue tension was attributed to cellular forces produced by tissue-resident (myo-)fibroblasts alone. However, difficulties in explaining pathological deviations from a successful healing path motivate the exploration of additional modulatory factors. Here, it is shown in a biomaterial-based in vitro wound healing model that the storage of tensile forces in the extracellular matrix has a significant, so-far neglected contribution to macroscopic tissue tension. In situ monitoring of tissue forces together with second harmonic imaging reveal that the appearance of collagen fibrils correlates with tissue contraction, indicating a mechanical contribution of tensioned collagen fibrils in the contraction process. As the re-establishment of tissue tension is key to successful wound healing, the findings are expected to advance the understanding of tissue healing but also underlying principles of misregulation and impaired functionality in scars and tissue contractures.
Optimizing the Crystal Habit of Glycine by Using an Additive for Impinging Jet Crystallization (2017)

Abstract Additives selectively inhibit or enhance the growth of crystal faces and effectively change the crystal morphology. For the first time, potassium chloride was used as additive during impinging jet crystallization of glycine. The structure of the powder particles was evaluated by X‐ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, headspace gas chromatography, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Even a minor amount of KCl had a significant effect on the crystal roundness and reduced the particle size significantly, despite of the extremely rapid nature of the crystallization process. This method resulted in the α ‐polymorph of glycine with an appropriate low residual additive content and a minimal residual organic solvent content. The arrangement and the optimal concentration of the additive were determined.