gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wogonin prevents lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury and inflammation in mice via peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐mediated attenuation of the nuclear factor‐kappaB pathway (2014)

Acute lung injury (ALI) from a variety of clinical disorders, characterized by diffuse inflammation, is a cause of acute respiratory failure that develops in patients of all ages. Previous studies reported that wogonin, a flavonoid-like chemical compound which was found in Scutellaria baicalensis, has anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammation models, but not in ALI. Here, the in vivo protective effect of wogonin in the amelioration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced lung injury and inflammation was assessed. In addition, the in vitro effects and mechanisms of wogonin were studied in the mouse macrophage cell lines Ana-1 and RAW264.7. In vivo results indicated that wogonin attenuated LPS-induced histological alterations. Peripheral blood leucocytes decreased in the LPS-induced group, which was ameliorated by wogonin. In addition, wogonin inhibited the production of several inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues after LPS challenge, while the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 reversed these effects. In vitro results indicated that wogonin significantly decreased the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in Ana-1 and RAW264.7 cells, which was suppressed by transfection of PPARγ small interfering RNA and GW9662 treatment. Moreover, wogonin activated PPARγ, induced PPARγ-mediated attenuation of the nuclear translocation and the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, all of these results showed that wogonin may serve as a promising agent for the attenuation of ALI-associated inflammation and pathology by regulating the PPARγ-involved nuclear factor-κB pathway.
Development of an Experimental Setup for the Measurement of the Coefficient of Restitution under Vacuum Conditions (2016)

The Discrete Element Method is used for the simulation of particulate systems to describe and analyze them, to predict and afterwards optimize their behavior for single stages of a process or even an entire process. For the simulation with occurring particle-particle and particle-wall contacts, the value of the coefficient of restitution is required. It can be determined experimentally. The coefficient of restitution depends on several parameters like the impact velocity. Especially for fine particles the impact velocity depends on the air pressure and under atmospheric pressure high impact velocities cannot be reached. For this, a new experimental setup for free-fall tests under vacuum conditions is developed. The coefficient of restitution is determined with the impact and rebound velocity which are detected by a high-speed camera. To not hinder the view, the vacuum chamber is made of glass. Also a new release mechanism to drop one single particle under vacuum conditions is constructed. Due to that, all properties of the particle can be characterized beforehand.
Natural killer T cells exacerbate liver injury in a transforming growth factor β receptor II dominant-negative mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis (2007)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an organ-specific autoimmune liver disease characterized by the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies and the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts with portal inflammation. In previous studies, we reported that both CD1d expression and the frequency of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells were increased in the livers of patients with PBC. To define a specific role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in the pathogenesis of PBC, particularly early events, we investigated the function of hepatic CD1d-restricted NKT cells in our transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor II dominant-negative (dnTGFβRII) mouse model of PBC. We generated CD1d−/− and CD1d+/− dnTGFβRII mice and performed a comparative study of liver immunopathology. We report herein that these dnTGFβRII mice demonstrate a massive increase of hyperactive CD1d-restricted NKT cells within the hepatic tissues. CD1d−/−dnTGFβRII mice, which lack CD1d-restricted CD1d-restricted NKT cells, exhibit significantly decreased hepatic lymphoid cell infiltrates and milder cholangitis compared with CD1d+/−dnTGFβRII mice. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the production of interferon-γ in hepatic CD1d-restricted NKT cells activated by α-galactosylceramide in young but not older dnTGFβRII mice, suggesting an age-dependent role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that CD1d-restricted NKT cells in dnTGFβRII mice are a critical factor in liver injury. (Hepatology 2008.)
Hint-Based Execution of Workloads in Clouds with Nefeli (2012)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service clouds offer entire virtual infrastructures for distributed processing while concealing all physical underlying machinery. Current cloud interface abstractions restrict users from providing information regarding usage patterns of their requested virtual machines (VMs). In this paper, we propose Nefeli, a virtual infrastructure gateway that lifts this restriction. Through Nefeli, cloud consumers provide deployment hints on the possible mapping of VMs to physical nodes. Such hints include the collocation and anticollocation of VMs, the existence of potential performance bottlenecks, the presence of underlying hardware features (e.g., high availability), the proximity of certain VMs to data repositories, or any other information that would contribute in a more effective placement of VMs to physical hosting nodes. Consumers designate only properties of their virtual infrastructure and remain at all times agnostic to the cloud internal physical characteristics. The set of consumer-provided hints is augmented with high-level placement policies specified by the cloud administration. Placement policies and hints form a constraint satisfaction problem that when solved, yields the final VM-to-host placement. As workloads executed by the cloud may change over time, VM-to-host mappings must follow suit. To this end, Nefeli captures such events, changes VM deployment, helps avoid bottlenecks, and ultimately, improves the quality of the rendered services. Using our prototype, we examine overheads involved and show significant improvements in terms of time needed to execute scientific and real application workloads. We also demonstrate how power-aware policies may reduce the energy consumption of the physical installation. Finally, we compare Nefeli's placement choices with those attained by the open-source cloud middleware, OpenNebula.
Bearingless 300-W PMSM for Bioreactor Mixing (2011)

This paper presents a novel exterior rotor topology of a bearingless brushless synchronous motor with rated power of 300 W. Owing to the large possible magnetic gap and the absence of mechanical bearings, this motor is especially qualified for high-purity and low-shear applications (e.g., bioreactor mixing). Both torque and magnetic bearing forces are created inside this disk-shaped motor using a sophisticated control (proportional-integral-differential vector control) with superimposed drive and bearing currents fed to the concentrated combined stator coils. Optimal design is derived based on an electromagnetic analysis using the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM), and the simulation results are verified with a prototype mixer setup.
Regulation of Myogenic Differentiation by Androgens: Cross Talk between Androgen Receptor/ β-Catenin and Follistatin/Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathways (2008)

Androgens are important regulators of body composition and promote myogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis of mesenchymal, multipotent cells. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which androgens induce myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal multipotent cells. Incubation of mesenchymal multipotent C3H 10T1/2 cells with testosterone and dihydrotestosterone promoted nuclear translocation of androgen receptor (AR)/beta-catenin complex and physical interaction of AR, beta-catenin, and T-cell factor-4 (TCF-4). Inhibition of beta-catenin by small inhibitory RNAs significantly decreased testosterone-induced stimulation of myogenic differentiation. Overexpression of TCF-4, a molecule downstream of beta-catenin in Wnt signaling cascade, in C3H 10T1/2 cells significantly up-regulated expression of myoD and myosin heavy chain II proteins and of follistatin (Fst), which binds and antagonizes native ligands of the TGF-beta/Smad pathway. Gene array analysis of C3H 10T1/2 cells treated with testosterone revealed that testosterone up-regulated the expression of Fst and modified the expression of several signaling molecules involved in the TGF-beta/Smad pathway, including Smad7. Lowering of testosterone levels in mice by orchidectomy led to a significant decrease in Fst and Smad7 expression; conversely, testosterone supplementation in castrated mice up-regulated Fst and Smad7 mRNA expression in androgen-responsive levator ani muscle. Testosterone-induced up-regulation of MyoD and myosin heavy chain II proteins in C3H 10T1/2 cells was abolished in cells simultaneously treated with anti-Fst antibody, suggesting an essential role of Fst during testosterone regulation of myogenic differentiation. In conclusion, our data suggest the involvement of AR, beta-catenin, and TCF-4 pathway during androgen action to activate a number of Wnt target genes, including Fst, and cross communication with the Smad signaling pathway.
Synthesis and Hole-Transporting Properties of Phenyl-Carbazyl Derivatives (2008)

We synthesized new hole-transporting material, 9,9′-diphenyl-9H,9′H-3,3′-bicarbazole(P-Cvz-2), 9,9′-diphenyl-6-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H,9′H-3,3′-bicarbazole(P-Cvz-3), 6-(9,9′-diphenyl-9H,9′H-3,3′-bicarbazol-6-yl)-9,9′-diphenyl-9H,9′H-3,3′-bicarbazole(P-Cvz-4A) and 9-phenyl-6-(9-phenyl-9H-3,9′-bicarbazol-6-yl)-9H-3,9′-bicarbazole(P-Cvz-4B). EL luminance efficiencies of P-Cvz-2, P-Cvz-3, P-Cvz-4A and P-Cvz-4B devices were found to be 5.24, 5.64, 4.86 and 4.94 cd/A at 50 mA/cm2, respectively, when synthesized materials are using as a HTL material. The luminance efficiency of P-Cvz-3 is 20% higher than that of NPB, a commercialized HTL material used as a reference in this study.
Pentagonal prism spherical hohlraums for OMEGA (2021)

A new configuration is proposed for spherical hohlraums on OMEGA in which seven laser entrance holes (LEHs) are used—five around the equator and one at each pole [Farmer et al., Phys. Plasmas 26, 032701 (2019)]. This is known as the PEPR (pentagonal prism) hohlraum. A new view-factor code LORE is used to model the PEPR hohlraum and compare its performance with tetrahedral hohlraums shot on OMEGA. With optimization of beam pointings, the PEPR hohlraum produces a nonuniformity ranging from 1.1% (rms) at low albedos to 0.6% at high albedos. The tradeoffs between hohlraum-to-capsule ratio, uniformity, and background radiation temperature have been explored, and it has been shown that larger LEH radii on the poles can result in a modest improvement in uniformity. The seven-hole PEPR hohlraum is well matched to the OMEGA symmetry and promises to provide insight into the performance of spherical hohlraums including octahedral (six-LEH) hohlraums.
Junctional adhesion molecules in angiogenesis (2007)

The process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels is known as angiogenesis. This process is important, both during physiological processes such as development and during wound healing, as well as during pathological processes, such as cancer and arthritis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the regulation of angiogenesis and the identification of the key players involved in this process may help identify new therapeutic targets to combat and control angiogenesis and hence arthritis and cancer. This review focuses on a recently identified novel cell adhesion molecule, Junctional Adhesion Molecule A, and its role in the process of regulating angiogenesis.
Development of breast cancer tissue phantoms for terahertz imaging (2016)

The goal of this work was to develop phantoms that match the refractive indices and absorption coefficients between 0.15 and 2.0 THz of the freshly excised tissues commonly found in breast tumors. Since a breast cancer tumor can contain fibrous and fatty tissues alongside the cancerous tissues, a phantom had to be developed for each. In order to match the desired properties of the tissues, oil in water emulsions were solidified using the proven phantom component TX151. The properties of each potential phantom were verified through THz time-domain spectroscopy on a TPS Spectra 3000. Using this method, phantoms for fibrous and cancerous tissue were successfully developed while a commercially available material was found which matched the optical properties of fatty tissue.
Observation of Anderson localization in disordered nanophotonic structures (2017)

Anderson localization is an interference effect crucial to the understanding of waves in disordered media. However, localization is expected to become negligible when the features of the disordered structure are much smaller than the wavelength. Here we experimentally demonstrate the localization of light in a disordered dielectric multilayer with an average layer thickness of 15 nanometers, deep into the subwavelength regime. We observe strong disorder-induced reflections that show that the interplay of localization and evanescence can lead to a substantial decrease in transmission, or the opposite feature of enhanced transmission. This deep-subwavelength Anderson localization exhibits extreme sensitivity: Varying the thickness of a single layer by 2 nanometers changes the reflection appreciably. This sensitivity, approaching the atomic scale, holds the promise of extreme subwavelength sensing.
Regulation of Pancreatic Tumor Cell Proliferation and Chemoresistance by the Histone Methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (2008)

Our results show nuclear accumulation of EZH2 as a hallmark of poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma; identify the tumor suppressor p27(Kip1) as a new target gene of EZH2; show that EZH2 nuclear overexpression contributes to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation; and suggest EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Lasing of Yb/sup 3+/ in a new stoichiometric double tungstate (2003)

Summary from only given. We demonstrate here lasing with a 100%-doped KYb(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ (hereafter KYbW), the first stoichiometric laser based on Yb in monoclinic double tungstates. Quasi-CW laser operation has been achieved for pump wavelength /spl lambda//sub p/ between 917 and 974 nm, and between 1004 and 1012 nm.
Elaboration and characterisation of some silver-sheathed YBa2Cu3O7-δsuperconducting wires (1989)

The preparation of some silver-sheathed YBa2Cu3O7- delta wires and their electrical and microstructural characterisation are reported. For a current density of 20 A cm-2, the conducting-superconducting transition occurs, within a kelvin, at about 87 K. With the criterion of 1 mu V cm-1 the apparent critical current density is about 500 A cm-2 at 77 K and 800 A cm-2 at 63 K. But the true values of the ceramic which constitutes these wires are significantly higher, since the ceramic exhibits numerous defects of compacity. Problems that need to be solved to obtain improved performances of such wires are discussed.
High Speed Data Buffering Using a NxM SAW Random-Access-Memory (1981)

cessing is required at rates exceeding the capabilities o f available digital processors. At the interface between high and low data rate units, however, some critical requirements do exist for analog multiplexing and sample and hold. A SAW random-access-memory (RAM) is described, based on a new spectral compression technique, arranged in a NxM configuration and capable of directly interfacing high data rate, F, to F1 parallel channels, in form of t ime expanded segments. As all the buffering process is performed at rates F/N or F/M, while the output rate is F/M, any critical interfacing requirement related to the input rate F is avoided, thus resulting in a configuration a llowing for high speed data buffering. Sampling rate as high as 27 MHz are demonstrated to be processed requiring only 2.7 MHz clock s witching frequency. Paralleling is a standard approach when data pro
Review of the Relationship Between Internal Shear Resistance and Arching in Plastic Pipe Installations (1990)

A soil mass shifts load from its weaker components to its stronger components such that the load is distributed in proportion to the stiffness of the components. This characteristic often results in the shifting of load around weak zones or cavities in the soil. Such redistribution of stresses in a soil mass is called arching. Arching is usually thought of in regard to pipe and tunnels. However, arching is a consequence of a more general property of soil known as internal shearing resistance. Slope stability, the bearing capacity of shallow footings, and the pressure distribution on retaining walls depend on the internal shear resistance. This paper discusses internal shearing resistance, the movement required to mobilize it, its measurement, typical values for common trench soils, and how it relates to the load applied to a buried pipe.
CellDynaMo–stochastic reaction-diffusion-dynamics model: Application to search-and-capture process of mitotic spindle assembly (2022)

We introduce a Stochastic Reaction-Diffusion-Dynamics Model (SRDDM) for simulations of cellular mechanochemical processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The SRDDM is mapped into the CellDynaMo package, which couples the spatially inhomogeneous reaction-diffusion master equation to account for biochemical reactions and molecular transport within the Langevin Dynamics (LD) framework to describe dynamic mechanical processes. This computational infrastructure allows the simulation of hours of molecular machine dynamics in reasonable wall-clock time. We apply SRDDM to test performance of the Search-and-Capture of mitotic spindle assembly by simulating, in three spatial dimensions, dynamic instability of elastic microtubules anchored in two centrosomes, movement and deformations of geometrically realistic centromeres with flexible kinetochores and chromosome arms. Furthermore, the SRDDM describes the mechanics and kinetics of Ndc80 linkers mediating transient attachments of microtubules to the chromosomal kinetochores. The rates of these attachments and detachments depend upon phosphorylation states of the Ndc80 linkers, which are regulated in the model by explicitly accounting for the reactions of Aurora A and B kinase enzymes undergoing restricted diffusion. We find that there is an optimal rate of microtubule-kinetochore detachments which maximizes the accuracy of the chromosome connections, that adding chromosome arms to kinetochores improve the accuracy by slowing down chromosome movements, that Aurora A and kinetochore deformations have a small positive effect on the attachment accuracy, and that thermal fluctuations of the microtubules increase the rates of kinetochore capture and also improve the accuracy of spindle assembly.
LDPC Decoders Prefer More Reliable Parity Bits: Unequal Data Protection Over BSC (2023)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are specified by graphs, and are the error correction technique of choice in many communications and data storage contexts. Message passing decoders diffuse information carried by parity bits into the payload, and this paper measures the value of engineering parity bits to be more reliable than message bits. We consider the binary symmetric channel (BSC) and measure the impact of unequal data protection on the threshold of a regular LDPC code. Our analysis also includes doping where the parity bits are known to the decoder. We investigate BSC with Gallager-A decoder, with a $3$-level-alphabet decoder, and with a full belief propagation decoder. We demonstrate through theoretical analysis and simulation that non-equiprobable inputs lead to significant improvements both in the threshold and in the speed with which the decoder converges. We also show that all these improvements are possible even with a simple $3$-level-alphabet decoder.
High-selectivity single-chip spectrometer in silicon for operation in visible part of the spectrum (2000)

A microspectrometer has been realized based on an array of Fabry-Perot optical thin-film filters. The 16-channel microspectrometer is compatible with IC fabrication methods and operates in the visible spectral range with an interchannel shift of 6 nm. Each of the channels is sensitive in a single peak with full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm. Also a FWHM below 2 nm and finesse of 40 for narrow band operation is demonstrated. The device can easily be tuned during fabrication to cover a different spectral band only by adjusting the etching times without affecting the device layout. Such a device is extremely suitable for applications in microsystems because of its small size, high spectral selectivity, and low cost. Microspectrometers for the UV and IR regions are also feasible using this technique.
Subband Parallel Cascade Volterra Filter For Linearization Of Loudspeaker Systems (2008)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008
Single-longitudinal mode Nd:YVO_4 microchip laser with orthogonal-polarization bidirectional traveling-waves mode (2008)

We present a single longitudinal mode, diode pumped Nd:YVO(4) microchip laser where a pair of quarter-wave plates (QWPs) sandwich Nd:YVO(4) and the principle axes of QWPs are oriented at 45 degrees to the c-axis of Nd:YVO(4). Three pieces of crystals were optically bonded together as a microchip without adhesive. Owing to large birefringence of Nd:YVO(4), two standing waves with orthogonal polarizations compensate their hole-burning effects with each other, which diminish total spatial hole-burning effects in Nd:YVO(4). The maximum pump power of greater than 25 times the threshold for single longitudinal mode operation has been theoretically shown and experimentally demonstrated. The power of output, slope efficiencies and temperature range of single longitudinal mode operation are greater than 730 mw (at 1.25 W pump), 60% and 30 degrees C, respectively.
Boolean minimization and algebraic factorization procedures for fully testable sequential machines (2003)

The authors present a novel Boolean minimization procedure of prime-implicant generation and constrained covering based on the Quine-McCluskey algorithm. On completion, it guarantees a prime and irredundant, fully testable Moore or Mealy finite state machine. Given a two-level circuit with these properties, constrained algebraic factorization techniques are used that retain the invariant that no single fault can both produce an invalid state and corrupt the distinguishing sequence by which that invalid state is detected. Besides offering a more detailed understanding of the sources of untestability in sequential circuits than previous approaches, this approach offers significant practical advantages as well. It is applicable to a wider range of circuits than optimal synthesis procedures whose utility is often limited by prohibitively high CPU requirements, and its less restrictive synthesis constraints result in lower area overhead than other constrained synthesis approaches. These observations are supported by experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>