gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small In-Frame Deletion in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Target for ZD6474 (2004)

ZD6474 is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/KDR) tyrosine kinase, with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. ZD6474 inhibits angiogenesis and growth of a wide range of tumor models in vivo. Gefitinib ("Iressa") is a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in cancer cell proliferation. Here, the ability of gefitinib and ZD6474 to inhibit tumor cell proliferation was examined directly in eight cancer cell lines in vitro, and a strong correlation was noted between the IC(50) values of gefitinib and ZD6474 (r = 0.79). No correlation was observed between the sensitivity to ZD6474 and the level of EGFR or VEGFR expression. The NSCLC cell line PC-9 was seen to be hypersensitive to gefitinib and ZD6474, and a small (15-bp) in-frame deletion of an ATP-binding site (exon 19) in the EGFR was detected (delE746-A750-type deletion). To clarify the involvement of the deletional mutation of EGFR in the cellular sensitivity to ZD6474, we examined the effect of this agent on HEK293 stable transfectants expressing deletional EGFR that designed as the same deletion site observed in PC-9 cells (293-pDelta15). These cells exhibited a 60-fold higher sensitivity to ZD6474 compared with transfectants expressing wild-type EGFR. ZD6474 inhibited the phosphorylation of the mutant EGFR by 10-fold compared with cells with wild-type EGFR. In conclusion, the findings suggested that a small in-frame deletion in the EGFR increased the cellular sensitivity to ZD6474.
Simultaneous stimulation of urokinase and tissue‐type plasminogen activators by phorbol esters in human ovarian carcinoma cells (1989)

OVCA 433 human ovarian carcinoma cells secrete both mammalian plasminogen activators (PAs) urokinase (UK) and tissue-type PA (tPA). Treatment of cells with 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a stimulator of protein kinase C (PKC), leads to large increases in the secretion rates of both PA types. PA stimulation by PMA is time- and concentration-dependent, with maximal effects occurring between 12 and 24 h at PMA concentrations of 1-10 ng/ml. The PMA effect is mimicked by mezerein, another known PKC stimulator, but not by 4 alpha-phorbol or 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, two phorbol compounds that do not stimulate PKC. PA activity is virtually unaffected by 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), a synthetic diacylglycerol that stimulates PKC in vitro but has variable effects on whole cells. PMA stimulation of PA activity is blocked by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide, indicating requirements for new RNA and protein synthesis. When analyzed individually, the relative PMA-induced increases in UK and tPA activities are identical. Increased UK activity is fully accounted for by increased UK antigen secretion, whereas increased tPA secretion accounts for only about one-half of the increased tPA activity. Similarly, PMA induces large increases in steady-state UK mRNA levels, while its effects on tPA mRNA levels are only modest. Thus, while increases in secretion rates and mRNA levels can completely account for UK stimulation, other mechanisms augmenting these processes must exist specifically for tPA. Since the relative increases in UK and tPA activities are identical despite the probable existence of multiple mechanisms contributing to tPA regulation, our data suggest the possibility of interrelationships between the two pathways such that equivalent degrees of UK and tPA activity stimulation are ultimately achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐BIS‐(1‐ADAMANTYL)‐THIADIAZIRIDIN‐1,1‐DIOXID (1973)

Abstract 1‐Amino‐adamantan (I) liefert mit Sulfurylchlorid das Sulfamid (IIIa),das mit tert.‐Butylat und tert.‐Butylhypochlorit zum Thiadiaziridindioxid (IVa) führt.
Laser‐Induced Fluorescence for Esophageal Cancer and Dysplasia Diagnosisa (1998)

A method using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for in vivo cancer diagnosis of the esophagus is described. Autofluorescence of normal and malignant tissues was measured directly using a fiberoptic probe inserted through an endoscope. The measurements were performed in vivo during routine endoscopy. Measurement of the fluorescence signal from the tissue was performed using laser excitation at 410 nm. The methodology was applied to differentiate normal and malignant tumors of the esophagus. The results of this LIF approach were compared with histopathology results of the biopsy samples and indicated excellent agreement in the classification of normal and malignant tumors for the samples investigated. The LIF procedure could lead to the development of a rapid and cost-effective technique for cancer diagnosis.
Bronchus‐ and nasal‐associated lymphoid tissues (2005)

The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) constitute organized lymphoid aggregates that are capable of T- and B-cell responses to inhaled antigens. BALT, located mostly at bifurcations of the bronchus in animals and humans, is present in the fetus and develops rapidly following birth, especially in the presence of antigens. Humoral immune responses elicited by BALT are primarily immunoglobulin A secretion both locally and by BALT-derived B cells that have trafficked to distant mucosal sites. Similarly located T-cell responses have been noted. On the basis of these findings, the BALT can be thought of as functionally analogous to mucosal lymphoid aggregates in the intestine and is deemed a member of the common mucosal immunologic system. NALT has been described principally in the rodent nasal passage as two separate lymphoid aggregates. It develops after birth, likely in response to antigen, and B- and T-cell responses parallel those that occur in BALT. It is not known whether NALT cells traffic to distant mucosal sites, although mucosal responses have been detected after nasal immunization. NALT appears from many studies to be a functionally distinct lymphoid aggregate when compared with BALT and Peyer's patches. It may exist, however, in humans as a diffuse collection of isolated lymphoid follicles.
Supplementary Figures from Human NKp44<sup>+</sup> Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Associate with Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures S1-7&lt;/p&gt;
Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2014)

Dramatic increase in the number of immunotherapy clinical trials was seen in the past decade with promising results in enhancing antitumor immune response and cancer vaccine efficacy. The future challenge for immunotherapy against ovarian cancer is to use a combinatorial approach to test rational, potentially synergistic immunotherapy combinations that can induce efficient antitumor immunity and prolong patients' survival.
Tumor Vascularity as a Prognostic Factor for Hepatic Tumors (1977)

The prognostic and therapeutic significance of tumor vascularity was studied in 36 patients with hepatoma or metastatic colon cancer in the liver. All patients had nonresectable tumor and were treated by hepatic artery ligation and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of methotrexate, actinomycin-D, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. Hepatic tumors were categorized into Grades I to III in the order of increasing vascularity as determined by preoperative hepatic angiography. Tumor vascularity of 15 patients with hepatoma was Grade III in 11 (73%) and Grade II in 4 (27%). No patient with hepatoma had a Grade I tumor. The median survival of patients was 10 and 6 months for Grade III and II hepatomas, respectively, after hepatic artery ligation, and 18 and 8.5 months for Grade III and II, respectively, from the time of diagnosis of hepatoma. Tumor vascularity of 21 patients with metastatic colon cancer was as follows: Grade III in 3 (14%); Grade II in 10 (48%); and Grade I in 8 (38%). The median survival was 11, 10.5 and 4 months for Grades III, II and I, respectively, after hepatic artery ligation, and 17, 14.5 and 7.2 months for Grades III, II and I, respectively, from the time of diagnosis of hepatic metastases of colon cancer. The results indicate that the more vascular the hepatic tumor on angiogram, the better the prognosis following hepatic artery ligation and infusional chemotherapy.
Synthesis of Ribavirin Analogues Containing Amino‐Acid Residues (2005)

Abstract A convenient procedure for coupling 1,2,3,5‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose and 4‐nitroimidazole was developed to obtain β‐anomer as the major product. A novel category of nucleoside analogues with the introduction of natural L‐amino acids to the base moiety were designed and synthesized to develop selective and effective antiviral agents.
Absence of CD4 or CD8 lymphocytes changes infiltration of inflammatory cells and profiles of cytokine expression in skin wounds, but does not impair healing (2014)

The involvement of lymphocytes in skin wound healing has not been studied extensively. This study shows that CD4 and CD8 cells are present in significant numbers in skin wounds with peak levels at days 5-10 and 7-10, respectively. Both subsets expressed inflammatory and/or regulatory cytokines. To examine the function of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in tissue repair, wound healing was examined in mice deficient for either CD4 or CD8 cells. Wounds in CD4 deficient mice exhibited an initial delayed infiltration of CD8 cells followed by a relative increase in CD8 cells at day 10 and thereafter. Wounds in CD4 deficient mice also displayed up-regulated expression of IL1β, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, CXCL-1 and down-regulated expression of IL-4 as compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, wounds in CD8 deficient mice showed significantly decreased infiltration of CD4+ cells, neutrophils, and macrophages along with down-regulated expression of IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CCL-2 and up-regulated expression of IL-4 as compared to wild-type mice. Despite these significant changes in cytokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltrate, the rate of wound closure, wound breaking strength, collagen content and angiogenesis in either CD4 or CD8 deficiency showed no significant difference from that of wild-type mice. The results suggest that, despite being present and involved in wound inflammation, neither CD4+ nor CD8+ cells play critical roles in the healing process of skin wounds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these cells might play critical roles in wounds that experience stress such as ischemia or infection.
Electrodeposited and Sol-gel Precipitated p-type SrTi1-xFexO3-δ Semiconductors for Gas Sensing (2007)

In the present contribution, three methods for the preparation of nanoscaledSrTi<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> sensor films for hydrocarbon sensing were investigated. Besides screen-printed thick films based on sol-precipitated nanopowders, two novel synthesis methods,electrospinning and electrospraying, were tested successfully. All of these sensor devicesshowed improved sensor functionality in comparison to conventional microscaled thickfilms. In order to explain the impact of the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio on sensorproperties in a quantitative way, a mechanistic model was applied to micro- and nanoscaleddevices. In contrast to the conventional diffusion-reaction model that has been proposed forn-type semiconducting sensors, it contained novel approaches with respect to themicroscopic mechanism. With very few fit variables, the present model was found torepresent well sensor functionality of p-type conducting SrTi<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> films. In additionto the temperature dependency of the sensor response, the effect of the specific surface areaon the sensor response was predicted.
Abstract 4874: CXCR2 signaling axis- a helping hand to KRAS(G12D) mutation in pancreatic cancer initiation (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The high mortality can be accredited to late clinical presentation and early metastasis. Somatic mutations in oncogene KRAS(G12D) are the most common and earliest events during development of PC, suggesting their crucial role in tumor initiation; however, the precise functional molecular mechanism(s) of action remains unclear. CXCR2, a CXC chemokine receptor, and its ligands have also been found to be important in regulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis in various cancers. The purpose of the current study was to test the functional role of CXCR2 signaling in KRAS(G12D)-induced PC development. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors derived from PDX-cre-LSL-kras(G12D) mice demonstrated significantly higher expression of Cxcr2 and its ligands Cxcl1 and -3. Expression of Cxcr2 and its ligands Cxcl1 and -3 was observed as early as 10 weeks and increased consistently as the lesions advanced. We demonstrated the direct link between KRAS(G12D) mutation and CXCR2 signaling using cell line models hTERT-HPNE and hTERT-HPNE -E6-E7-st with or without exogenously expressed KRAS(G12D). Real time PCR, ELISA and western blot analysis of these cells revealed that KRAS (G12D) up-regulates the expression of CXCR2 and its ligands at both the transcriptional and protein levels. In order to delineate the significance of CXCR2 in KRAS(G12D) induced autocrine growth, we treated the cell line models with various concentrations of SCH-527123 (CXCR2 antagonist) or CXCR2 neutralizing antibody. Our data shows that KRAS(G12D) bearing cells show significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater percent inhibition in cell growth in comparison to their control counterparts. Next to evaluate the role of CXCR2 autocrine signaling in KRAS(G12D) induced cell migration, we performed a scratch assay by treating the hTERT-HPNE -E6/E7-st- KRAS(G12D) cells with SCH-527123 for 24 hours. Our data demonstrated a significant inhibition of cell migration in CXCR2 antagonist treated cultures. Together, our data demonstrate that KRAS(G12D) mutation up regulates CXCR2 and its ligands, which, in turn, play key roles in the autocrine regulation of cellular growth and migration in PC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Abhilasha Purohit, Michelle Varney, Satya Rachagani, Michel Ouellette, Surinder K. Batra, Rakesh K. Singh. CXCR2 signaling axis- a helping hand to KRAS(G12D) mutation in pancreatic cancer initiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4874. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4874
Adversarial Optimization for Dictionary Attacks on Speaker Verification (2019)

In this paper, we assess vulnerability of speaker verification systems to dictionary attacks. We seek master voices, i.e., adversarial utterances optimized to match against a large number of users by pure chance. First, we perform menagerie analysis to identify utterances which intrinsically hold this property. Then, we propose an adversarial optimization approach for generating master voices synthetically. Our experiments show that, even in the most secure configuration, on average, a master voice can match approx. 20% of females and 10% of males without any knowledge about the population. We demonstrate that dictionary attacks should be considered as a feasible threat model for sensitive and high-stakes deployments of speaker verification.
The evaluation of the mechanical properties of glass, kenaf, and honeycomb fiber-reinforced composite (2023)

Abstract The development of hybrid composite materials using honeycomb structure, typically a lightweight material, is commonly used in aircraft structures. However, the use of honeycomb with natural or synthetic composite remains unexplored in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to partially replace synthetic fiber, woven glass with a natural fiber of woven kenaf and honeycomb core. An experimental analysis investigated the mechanical strength of three different compositions using glass, kenaf, and honeycomb materials for structural application purposes. The properties of the sample were evaluated through the tensile, flexural, and impact strength, and the morphological damage was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the composition of GKGKG laminate composite is the highest in tensile strength (147.64 MPa) and modulus (3.9 GPa), while the GKHKG composite was good in flexural strength (219.03 MPa) and modulus (11.47 GPa). In terms of impact properties, there was a slight difference in energy level (20–30 J) by GKGKG and GKHKG, showing the optimal hybrid configuration of composite for the newly developed material. In conclusion, the application of the new hybrid of GKHKG composite is promising in semi-structural and structural light-weight applications.
Analysis of Human Locomotion based on Partial Measurements (2005)

A lot of computer vision applications have to deal with occlusions. In such settings only a subset of the features of interest can be observed, i.e. only incomplete or partial measurements are available. In this article we show how a learned statistical model can be used to make a prediction of the unknown (occluded) features. The probabilistic nature of the framework also allows to compute the remaining uncertainty given an incomplete observation. The resulting posterior probability distribution can then be used for inference. Additional unknowns such as alignment or scale are easily incorporated into the framework. Instead of computing the alignment in a preprocessing step, it is left as an additional uncertainty, similar to the uncertainty introduced by the missing values of the measurement. It is shown how the technique can be applied to the analysis of human loco-motion, when body parts are occluded. Experiments show how the unobserved body locations are predicted and how it can be inferred whether the measurements come from a running or walking sequence.
Role of k-w closure coefficients for free jet turbulence modelling (2006)

The present work is focused on the prediction of the fluid dynamics behaviour for natural gas burners characterized by low NOX emissions by using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. One of the major critics addressed to CFD simulations for such complex physics is linked to the accuracy of turbulence models not able to properly predict the behaviour of the jet entering the chamber. For this reason some well known turbulence models are examined in this work in order to validate the CFD approach for both high and low Reynolds jet. The authors want to show that a case by case understanding of the flow regime and the physics may help in extending the range of validity of RANS turbulence models based on the eddy viscosity concept and, in particular, of the k-two-equations turbulence models given by Wilcox in 1988 and 1998. The experimental data used as reference, come from two set of tests related to different isothermal flow behaviour: high Reynolds number (Re= 68000) and low Reynolds number (Re= 5400). Based on the evidence that at low Reynolds number the hypothesis of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence eddies for the dissipative scale is no longer valid, a modification of k-turbulence model’s closure coefficients has been proposed for the low Reynolds case, accordingly to the hypothesis of free-shear mixing (hereafter referred to as “Briggs’s approach”). This leads to a better agreement with the experimental data.
Critical spin dynamics in the antiferromagnetLa4Ni3O8fromLa139nuclear magnetic resonance (2011)

We report $^{139}\mathrm{La}$ nuclear magnetic resonance data in ${\mathrm{La}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ that reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic order below ${T}_{N}~105$ K. This remarkable compound contains two-dimensional (2D) layers of ${\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ with unusual Ni valences. ${\mathrm{La}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, with antiferromagnetic order of $S=1/2 {\mathrm{Ni}}^{1+}$ spins, is analogous to the parent compounds of the cuprate superconductors. Our data clearly reveal dramatic spectral changes and low-energy antiferromagnetic correlations associated with the onset of long-range order below ${T}_{N}$. These critical spin fluctuations, however, do not diverge at the second-order phase transition but rather appear to be associated with a $T=0$ transition characteristic of 2D spin fluctuations.
NaBH4/H2O2 Fuel Cells for Lunar and Mars Exploration (2006)

The properties of direct hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fuel cells are studied in this research. Different catalysts and diffusion electrodes are tested to optimize the cell performance. Initial results indicate: 1) conversion efficiency over 60% at a practical current density of 250mA/cm2; 2) power density over 0.6 W/cm2, at room temperature and ambient pressure, better than that of any traditional fuel cell. Further, the unique combination of NaBH4 and H2O2, both of which are in an aqueous form, paves the way for a convenient unitized regeneration, which is inherently compact compared to other cells that use gas phase reactants, such as the conventional H2 and O2. These excellent properties make the NaBH4/H2O2 fuel cell a very promising candidate for future space power systems. A conceptual design to power Lunar and Mars missions is discussed.
Organic Infrared Upconversion Device (2010)

Novel infrared-to-visible light upconversion devices are demonstrated by fabricating an organic light-emitting diode with an infrared-sensitizing layer. With a SnPc:C60 mixed layer as an infrared absorber and fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato) iridium (III) (Irppy3) as an emitter, an infrared-to-green up-conversion device is demonstrated under 830-nm irradiation (see figure, ITO=indium tin oxide). The maximum photon-to-photon conversion efficiency is 2.7% at 15V.
Commissioning of NASA’s 3rdGeneration Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS-KLM) (2018)

In the summer of 2017, the third and final spacecraft of the 3rd generation of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS) launched aboard an Atlas V rocket from Complex 41 on the Eastern Test Range. Finishing final testing and integration in the first quarter of 2018, the TDRS-M communication and navigation satellite completes a constellation that began service in the early 1980s. The 3rd generation of spacecraft, TDRS-K, L, and M, not only provided beneficial systems engineering lessons in handling anomalous Radio Frequency and Doppler interference as well as integrating new spacecraft into an aging ground support infrastructure, but also supplies NASA with a valuable test bed for new operational concepts and technologies useful in defining the future architecture of the NASA Space Network. This paper presents an overview of the TDRS-K, L, and M missions, including transfer orbit, Level 5 bus and payload testing, and finally NASA-led Level 6 testing, which includes active TDRS System (TDRSS) users. Highlights include relevant testing results, commissioning challenges, and lessons learned. The final discussion includes a brief overview of future NASA communication and navigation technologies and network architectures.