gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold nanoparticles delivery in mammalian live cells: a critical review (2010)

Functional nanomaterials have recently attracted strong interest from the biology community, not only as potential drug delivery vehicles or diagnostic tools, but also as optical nanomaterials. This is illustrated by the explosion of publications in the field with more than 2,000 publications in the last 2 years (4,000 papers since 2000; from ISI Web of Knowledge, 'nanoparticle and cell' hit). Such a publication boom in this novel interdisciplinary field has resulted in papers of unequal standard, partly because it is challenging to assemble the required expertise in chemistry, physics, and biology in a single team. As an extreme example, several papers published in physical chemistry journals claim intracellular delivery of nanoparticles, but show pictures of cells that are, to the expert biologist, evidently dead (and therefore permeable). To attain proper cellular applications using nanomaterials, it is critical not only to achieve efficient delivery in healthy cells, but also to control the intracellular availability and the fate of the nanomaterial. This is still an open challenge that will only be met by innovative delivery methods combined with rigorous and quantitative characterization of the uptake and the fate of the nanoparticles. This review mainly focuses on gold nanoparticles and discusses the various approaches to nanoparticle delivery, including surface chemical modifications and several methods used to facilitate cellular uptake and endosomal escape. We will also review the main detection methods and how their optimum use can inform about intracellular localization, efficiency of delivery, and integrity of the surface capping.
A high data-rate, software-defined underwater acoustic modem (2010)

Most underwater acoustic modems offer only low data rates. This is largely because they operate at low frequency, which limits the channel bandwidth available, and hence the symbol rate. The low frequency acoustic channel suffers from substantial multipath and doppler effects, which constrain the signal quality at the receiver. As a result only 1 or 2 bits per symbol are achieved, with the effective data rate further reduced by error control coding. High frequency acoustic signals are heavily attenuated in water, severely constraining the range of high frequency links. High frequency signals however offer substantially greater signal bandwidth, and probably improved channel quality which guides our design choice of a high frequency acoustic modem for underwater communication. Contemporary Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can provide good system functionality at low cost and with the flexibility to perform rapid testing and development of communication algorithms. They may also be competitive in production systems. In this paper we describe current progress in development of a high frequency, high data-rate modem which is implemented entirely in FPGA. This differs from most existing modems which are based on DSP processors. Being software defined, the modem is flexible because the parameters can be reconfigured with relative ease, minimising the cost of rework as the design evolves. This modem will not only demonstrate the feasibility of high frequency FPGA based modems, but will also be a valuable tool to provide a better understanding of the high frequency acoustic channel, and demonstrate the utility of absorption to enhance channel re-use rates in underwater acoustic networks. The modulator has been implemented in the FPGA, to produce laboratory and open water tests that conform to modelling. The demodulator has been implemented in Matlab, and recovers the carrier, code synchronisation and data from recordings of both laboratory and open water tests. Coding of the demodulator into the FPGA is currently in progress.
Nonlinear effects in the radiation force generated by amplitude-modulated focused beams (2012)

Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) uses an amplitude-modulated (AM) beam to induce an oscillatory radiation force before, during and after ablation. In this paper, the findings from a numerical analysis of the effects related with the nonlinear propagation of AM focused ultrasonic beams in water on the radiation force and the location of its maxima will be presented. The numerical modeling is performed using the KZK nonlinear parabolic equation. The radiation force is generated by a focused transducer with a gain of 18, a carrier frequency of 1 MHz and a modulation frequency of 25 kHz. The modulated excitation generates a spatially-invariant force proportional to the intensity. Regarding the nonlinear wave propagation, the force is no longer proportional to the intensity, reaching a factor of eight between the nonlinear and linear estimations. Also, a 9 mm shift in the on-axis force peak occurs when the initial pressure increased from 1 to 300 kPa. This spatial shift, due to the nonlinear effects, becomes dynamic in AM focused beams, as the different signal periods have different amplitudes. This study shows that both the value and the spatial position of the force peak are affected by the nonlinear propagation of the ultrasonic waves.
Protection of the reperfused heart by L-propionylcarnitine (1991)

The effects of L-propionylcarnitine on mechanical function, creatine phosphate and ATP content, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts exposed to global no-flow ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 20 min. Five and 10 mM L-propionylcarnitine resulted in a 100% recovery of left ventricular-developed pressure, whereas the recovery was only 40% in the hearts perfused without this agent. Ischemia-reperfusion caused a 85% loss of creatine phosphate and a 77% loss of ATP, which was prevented by 10 mM L-propionylcarnitine. Five millimolar L-propionylcarnitine protected the heart from the loss of creatine phosphate but not from the loss of ATP. Ten millimolar L-propionylcarnitine failed to improve the postischemic left ventricular-developed pressure, when it was added to the perfusate only after ischemia. L-propionylcarnitine alleviated the decrease of coronary flow in the reperfused hearts. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage was aggravated in the beginning of the reperfusion period by 10 mM L-propionylcarnitine. This adverse effect was, however, transient. L-Propionylcarnitine provides protection for the postischemic reperfused heart in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal time for administration is before the ischemic insult. High doses of this compound may perturb cell membrane integrity. Moreover, the present data point to an intracellular, metabolic, and perhaps anaplerotic mechanism of action of L-propionylcarnitine in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Polymers for 3D Printed Structures, Precision, Topography and Roughness (2018)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new rapid additive method to make3Dobjectswith exact shapes and structures. 3D printing is being used for a variety of applications, including automotive, medical, dental, aerospace, consumer goods, toys, novelty items, embedded electronics and appliances.The goal of this work was to investigate the smoothness, precision and topography of plastic materials that can be used for three-dimensional printing applications. These three performance characteristics are crucial to performance of any 3D printed product.Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and PolyJet™ technology were used to produce 3D printed shapes for testing these performance measures for the different processes.
Three samples of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were printed utilizing different numbers of layers. That is, one, two and three layers at a 45o (head angle) were printed.The angle is related to the direction of the printing, which is controlled automatically by Maker Ware software of the 3D printer itself, without any external control from the operator or technician. Thickness and roughness for each sample were subsequently measured. One sample of polylactic acid (PLA) was printed with one layer at 45o and its thickness and roughness were also measured. Two other samples of ABS, having one and two layers, were printed at 90o then thickness and smoothness were measured. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was printed with one layer at 45° and 90o. Digital ABS™ was printed at 6 different layer thicknesses. Thickness and roughness of printed 3D samples were measured using a White Light Interferometer.
The results show that the roughness of ABS at 45° and 90° increased with increasing thickness. The samples printed at 90° were smoother than at 45°, which means the orientation had a significant influence on roughness, but little on thickness. We found that the minimum thickness that Maker Bot can reach is 50 µm, while with Flash Forge it is 80 µm. The samples that were printed by Stratasys 500 Objet Connex3 were smoother than those printed by Maker Bot replicator 2X and Flash Forge Creator Pro. Also, Stratasys 500 Objet Connex3 is more precise than either and it can reach thinner levels than either of them. However, the highest performance printer does not produce sufficient precision and smoothness for most 3D printing applications.
Inherited metabolic liver disease (2005)

Given the recent explosion of information on iron and copper metabolism and the cellular processing of alpha one antitrypsin, the highlights reviewed in this article will help the reader keep up to date with the current understanding of these diseases and potential future approaches to their treatment.
Herpes simplex virus 1716, an ICP 34.5 null mutant, is unable to replicate in CV-1 cells due to a translational block that can be overcome by coinfection with SV40. (1997)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) mutants lacking the gene encoding infected cell protein (ICP) 34.5 exhibit an attenuated phenotype in models of pathogenesis and have been used for experimental cancer therapy. Recently it was shown that the HSV ICP 34.5 protein functions to prevent the host cell-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)-dependent translational block that normally occurs during virus infection. We now report that an HSV ICP 34.5 mutant called HSV-1716 is unable to replicate in the simian kidney cell-derived line CV-1, due to a translational block. Moreover, we find that this block can be overcome by simian virus 40 (SV40). This has been shown directly by infecting CV-1 cells with SV40 and HSV-1716 simultaneously, and indirectly via HSV-1716 infection of COS-1 cells (CV-1 cells transformed by an origin-defective mutant of SV40 that codes for wild-type T antigen). The translational block is restored when infections are done in the presence of the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. These results support, but do not directly prove, contentions that HSV ICP 34.5 interacts with the PKR pathway to restore translation in non-permissive cells, and that SV40 large T antigen has a similar functional role, but acts downstream of the site of ICP 34.5 interaction (eIF2alpha) in the pathway. Study of this CV-1/COS-1 system should allow further clarification of the virus-host interactions that underlie the restricted replication of HSV-1 ICP 34.5 gene null mutants.
Enabling fine-grained access control in information sharing with structured data formats (2023)

The ongoing need for societal and industrial digital transformation requires rapidly expanding networks of interconnected organizations and dictates an increasing role for cybersecurity in information sharing. A typical setup consists of multiple stakeholders working closely together and needing efficient channels for sharing relevant information in a secure manner. This is especially prevalent with complex modern supply chains and critical information infrastructures. They often comprise of numerous co-operating organizations, people and in some cases smart devices having different levels of access to a variety of information. Granular access control plays a vital role when distributing information efficiently between stakeholders without revealing sensitive pieces of data to unwanted third parties. This article presents a novel framework for enabling fine-grained access control to share information efficiently and securely in these situations. Our motivation and use case for the framework originates from the secure sharing of cyber incident information in the maritime logistics industry. We present a novel solution to this problem by developing an information sharing platform and a meta-model, demonstrated using an implementation with structured JSON data formats, while supporting previously researched attribute-based encryption schemes. The proposed framework provides a broader context to the fine-grained data access control challenge in addition to the technical implementation.
Development of a rapid antimicrobial screening method for natural products using genetic programming (2014)

The importance of natural products in modern drug discovery is undisputed [1], not least thanks to the enormous structural diversity of plant secondary metabolites. However, the identification of compounds with a desired activity within this vast abundance remains a challenge. High-throughput screening is a successful approach, where simple tests gauge in a short time a compound's potential for further development. Our group employs screening techniques to search for novel antimicrobial agents from natural sources. In its simplest (and most straightforward) way, antimicrobial activity is detected by measuring the absorbance of a bacterial suspension after 24h incubation at a single wavelength. While this method is well-known and standardized [2], it is unspecific and fairly prone to assay interferences. With the goal to facilitate the screening process and thus increase its throughput, we have developed an assay that allows the antimicrobial activity screening of natural products against three microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans) simultaneously, as opposed to one at a time. In an attempt to get more comprehensive information, we mined the VIS and IR spectra of the bacterial/fungal suspension using genetic programming. Genetic programming is a machine learning algorithm, which follows the principal of biological evolution to develop (or evolve) a mathematical formula that, when applied to the spectra, yields a conjecture about present bacteria or fungi. This method has previously been used to successfully type single bacterial strains with the aid of IR spectroscopy [3]. Here, we present the development of this assay, with focus on the underlying mechanism, optimization process, the potential and pitfalls of genetic programming in bioactivity screening of natural products.
An Innovative Educational Change: Massive Open Online Courses in Robotics and Robotic Vision (2016)

In this article, we discuss our experience in developing and implementing two massive open online courses (MOOCs) at Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia. The MOOCs, titled Introduction to Robotics and Robotic Vision, each ran for six weeks and comprised online lectures, assessments, programming exercises, and an optional robot-making or vision-system-creating project, respectively. As well as being among the first MOOCs in the world on these topics at the undergraduate level, the QUT MOOCs were innovative in two particular areas: first in the integration of automatically graded MATLAB programming assignments and second in the use of an automated process for student-peer review of project outcomes.
A Validated HPLC Method for Estimation of Cordifolioside A in Tinospora cordifolia, Miers and Marketed Formulations (2009)

A simple, economic, robust, reproducible, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for estimation of cordifolioside A in both 60% methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia and marketed formulation is developed and validated in the present study. The mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-water (25:75%, v/v) give a sharp and well-defined peak of cordifolioside A at the retention time of 9.52 +/- 1.03 min. HPLC estimation of cordifolioside A is carried out at wavelength of 210 nm with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve shows good linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.997 in the concentration range of 0.5-50 microg/mL. The linear regression equation is y = 29716x - 4417.4. The limit of detection and limit of quantification are 0.18 and 0.55 microg/mL, respectively. The developed method is validated for accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method with high degree of precision and accuracy is employed for the estimation of cordifolioside A in methanolic extract and in formulation. Statistical analysis proved that the method is precise, reproducible, selective, and accurate for the estimation of cordifolioside A.
The use of India ink in tissue-simulating phantoms (2010)

The optical properties of India ink, an absorber often used in preparation of tissue simulating phantoms, have been investigated at visible and near infrared wavelengths. The extinction coefficient has been obtained from measurements of collimated transmittance and from spectrophotometric measurements, the absorption coefficient from multidistance measurements of fluence rate in a diffusive infinite medium with small concentrations of added ink. Measurements have been carried out on samples of India ink from five different brands, and for some brands also from different batches. As also reported in previously published papers the results we have obtained showed large inter-brand and inter-batch variations for both the absorption and the extinction coefficient. On the contrary, our results showed small variations for the ratio between the absorption and the extinction coefficient. The albedo is therefore similar for all samples: The values averaged over all samples investigated were 0.161, 0.115, and 0.115 at λ = 632.8, 751, and 833 nm respectively, with maximum deviations of 0.044, 0.019, and 0.035. These results indicate that, using the values we have obtained for the albedo, it should be possible to obtain with uncertainty smaller than about 4% the absorption coefficient of a sample of unknown ink from simple measurements of extinction coefficient. A similar accuracy is not easily obtained with the complicated procedures necessary for measurements of absorption coefficient.
Factors Affecting Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Atmospheres of Table Grapes (1982)

A portable scrubbing unit equipped with water sprays or a packed column over which water is dripped can be effective in reducing the sulfur dioxide content of fumigation atmospheres. Efficiency of the scrubber in in SO<sub>2</sub> removal is influenced by: 1) amount of water surface exposed to the gas laden air, 2) temperature of the water, 3) use of NaOH in the water as a neutralizing agent, 4) volume of water circulated in a closed system, and 5) use of a flow-through system to provide fresh water during scrubbing. The time required to remove the SO<sub>2</sub> from the room is influenced by: 1) ratio of the volume of air handled by the scrubber to that of the room, 2) efficiency of the scrubber in removing SO<sub>2</sub> on the water surface, and 3) the difference in concentration of SO<sub>2</sub> between the initial concentration and that to which the concentration is to be lowered. Discussed is the application of the "half-scrubbing time" concept of evaluating the significance of the factors affecting time of SO<sub>2</sub> removal and efficiency of the scrubbing unit.
Efficient calculation of spatial Green's functions by singularity subtraction for a half-space medium (2010)

A new technique is presented to evaluate efficiently the Sommerfeld integrals arising from the problem of a current element radiating over a half-space. The annihilation of the asymptote and the branch-point singular behavior of a spectral Green's function is used in this technique. The contributions of the subtracted asymptotic and singularity terms are calculated analytically. The annihilation results in a remaining integral that is very smooth and can be calculated adaptively by using Gaussian quadratures. The numerical results show that the new method can accurately and efficiently calculate spatial Green's functions.
Valfrihet och välfärd. En diskussion och analys av det liberala valfrihetsbegreppet (1993)

Freedom of choice and welfare. A discussion and analysis of the neo-liberal concept of freedom of choiceSweden is today witnessing large changes within its welfare sector which has been driven through by the present government. In this paper the ideological basis for the present politics is regarded as constituting two apparent contradictory demands. On the one hand there is the demand for “more family” and on the other, the demand for “more market". This paradox by the government can be solved by the use of the vague concept “freedom of choice”. This paper is an attempt to formulate and understand the concept, that is, to analyse its meaning and social consequences. The government’s key strategy is to make the “welfare-consumer” vote with his/her feet and to leave one service for another, so in this way they can express preferences on a market. By doing so they will not only become more satisfied themselves, but they can also exercise influence over the whole institution. Subsequently the “invisible hand” will automatically create efficency and quality. This paper argues that to properly understand the possibilities of and obstacles to a more substantial freedom of choice within social welfare, it is necessary to proceed from the characterstic distinguishing qualities of different services. This is illustrated by a comparison between the dental service and child care. It is less complicated to replace one dentist for another, than to break down the interwoven ties between a child, a parent and an institution because the choice in the second case is more socially embedded and restricted. It is the governments intention to reduce political influence over welfare production and increase the power of markets and economic steering, i.e . to encourage influence and steering by “exit” instead of “voice” (Hirschman 1972) which they believe will increase the individuals freedom of choice. This is a much more complicated matter than is generally agreed by the government, and implies social consequences which it has not taken into account.
CRH and SRIF Have Opposite Effects on the Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Pathway Through PKA/GSK-3β in Corticotroph Pituitary Cells (2010)

The Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway is involved in tumorigenesis including endocrine tumors. We investigated the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway's modulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and somatostatin or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF) in mouse pituitary AtT-20 corticotroph cells. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway was activated by CRH and inhibited by SRIF. We provide evidence that cAMP/PKA signalling is involved affecting the GSK-3β phosphorylation status at phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), thereby altering β-catenin degradation downstream. Furthermore, CRH and SRIF showed concordant effects on cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate an important role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the proliferative control of pituitary corticotroph cells and describe a mechanism for its regulation by CRH and SRIF.
Simultaneous transcription of duplicated var2csa gene copies in individual Plasmodium falciparum parasites (2009)

Allelic discrimination assays have traditionally been applied to study zygosity in diploid genomes. The assays presented here are instead successfully applied to the identification and evaluation of transcriptional activity of duplicated genes in the haploid genome of the P. falciparum parasite. Allelic discrimination and gene or transcript localization by FISH not only provide insights into transcriptional regulation of genes such as the virulence associated var genes, but also suggest that this sensitive and precise approach could be used for further investigation of genome dynamics and gene regulation.