gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in Fitness among Geographically Isolated Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations (2014)

Abstract Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is a major pest of potatoes in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. It adapts quickly to adverse environments, thereby limiting the longevity of control strategies. Better understanding of variability among geographically isolated populations of this insect might create an opportunity to customize control techniques for local conditions. We investigated insecticide resistance, heat tolerance, and growth potential in six beetle populations collected from different locations in the United States. Significant differences were detected in insecticide resistance, egg mass size, and egg hatchability among the tested populations. Large egg mass size appeared to be offset by lower egg hatchability. We also observed a female-biased sex ratio at least in one of the strains. Population growth rates were different among the strains, but this parameter was not correlated to insecticide resistance. This suggests that using allopatric populations in comparative studies of insecticide resistance might result in confusing effects of geographic isolation with the effects of selection toward resistance.
The effects of low calcium and background light on the sensitivity of toad rods (1982)

1. We have examined the effects of decreases in extracellular Ca(2+) concentration on the intracellularly recorded light responses of rods from the toad, Bufo marinus. In agreement with previous results (Brown & Pinto, 1974; Lipton, Ostroy & Dowling, 1977), Ca(2+) concentrations below 10(-6) M produced a depolarization of rod resting membrane potential of approximately 30-40 mV and a corresponding increase in the maximum amplitude of the rod's light responses, so that saturating flashes in normal and low Ca(2+) Ringer produced hyperpolarizations to approximately the same membrane potential.2. The rod's sensitivity was reduced in low Ca(2+) Ringer by an amount dependent upon the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. At 10(-6) M-Ca(2+), sensitivity was approximately 0.6 log units below normal. Thereafter, it dropped nearly linearly with [Ca(2+)](o) to a value approximately 4.0 log units below normal at 10(-9) M-Ca(2+). Most of the decline occurred within 1-2 min after the solution change as the membrane potential depolarized, but sensitivity continued to fall slowly with time at the lowest Ca(2+) concentrations. Exposure to low Ca(2+) solutions altered the kinetics of the receptor response to brief flashes, delaying response onset and time-to-peak but affecting the time course of decay very little.3. The sensitivity of the rod to maintained steps of light was also reduced in low Ca(2+). Furthermore, the changes in sensitivity produced by background illumination were very much smaller in low Ca(2+) than in normal Ringer. In some cases backgrounds actually increased sensitivity.4. In 10(-8) M-Ca(2+), backgrounds which themselves produced no response in the rod and no changes in rod sensitivity produced large decreases in response latency for responses of all amplitudes, and pronounced changes in time-to-peak and time-to-decay for moderate and large amplitude responses.5. Since the effects of background light and low Ca(2+) on the wave form of the rod are distinct and in some cases antagonistic, and since the changes in receptor sensitivity produced by backgrounds and low Ca(2+) are not additive, the decreases in sensitivity produced by exposure to low Ca(2+) appear to be caused by a mechanism distinct from normal light adaptation. We suggest that they are caused by an increase in the buffering capacity of the receptor cytosol for Ca(2+) and that Ca(2+) is the excitatory messenger or ;internal transmitter', as originally suggested by Yoshikami & Hagins (1971).
Die Attach in Hi-Rel P-Dips: Polyimides or low chloride Epoxies? (1984)

Advancements in the speed and input/output (I/O) density of integrated circuits (IC's) used in computers and other high performance systems are creating a need for new designs, materials, and processes capable of providing high density multilayer interconnections with controlled electrical characteristics. To meet these needs, we selected an interconnect materials system consisting of multiple layers of thin film copper conductor patterns separated by polyimide (PI) dielectric layers, fabricated on a ceramic substrate. We developed processes for depositing films and patterning high resolution features in both conductor and dielectric films, and established a process sequence for filling vias and building up multilayer structures. We investigated the stability of the Cu/ PI materials system by determining the effects of cure conditions and humidity aging on the dielectric properties, internal stress, mechanical properties, and adhesion of PI. We then fabricated multilayer test structures, including a functional multichip ring oscillator circuit, to demonstrate process feasibility and the electrical performance of Cu/PI interconnections.
Direct evidence of M2 phase during the monoclinic-tetragonal (rutile) phase transition of W-doped VO2 nanowires (2017)

Identifying different phases of VO2 during the metal−insulator phase transition is critical for device application due to the difference of electrical, mechanical and magnetic properties of phases. However, most studies so far were carried out using microprobe analyses, which lack the spatial resolution needed to identify nanoscale phases and changes. Taking advantage of in situ low temperature aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we observed the existence of M2 phase alongside M1 and R phase in the W-doped nanowires close to transition temperature. The localized stress caused by adding W in the structure results in the stabilization of nanosize grains of M2 phase in structure along with M1 and R phases. The observation of the metastable M2 phase even for unclamped nanowires suggests the possibility of finely modulating the phase diagram of VO2 through a combination of finite size and doping.
Early Clinical Results: SOUNDTEC Implantable Hearing Device Phase II Study (2001)

Analysis of data on the first 10 subjects using the SOUNDTEC DDHS indicates positive outcomes regarding safety and efficacy, although the small sample size is not sufficient to permit valid statistical inferences to be drawn from our preliminary data. Results also demonstrate improvement in performance compared with the subjects' optimally fit hearing aids and an improvement in quality of life as demonstrated by objective and subjective tests and measures.
Fluorescent Non-peptidic RGD Mimetics with High Selectivity for αVβ3vs αIIbβ3Integrin Receptor: Novel Probes for in Vivo Optical Imaging (2014)

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane protein receptors consisting of different α and β subunits. α(v)β(3) integrins are overexpressed on many tumor cells and tumor-associated angiogenic vessels, whereas α(IIb)β(3) is a receptor for, e.g., fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation. In this study, a near-infrared fluorescent imaging probe has been designed and synthesized by conjugating fluorescent dyes to a non-peptidic, pharmacophore-based ligand, based on a molecular modeling design approach. Affinity values were determined, and in vitro cell binding assays and preliminary in vivo xenograft studies in nude mice were performed to evaluate target binding. Competition assays revealed excellent binding and selectivity to α(v)β(3) compared to that for α(IIb)β(3). In vitro, the probe showed high target binding on α(v)β(3)-positive M-21 cells and negligible binding to α(v)β(3)-negative MCF-7 cells. In vivo, the tracer is able to image target expression in U-87 xenografts with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 2.5:1 at 24 h after injection.
Synchronous duodenal neuroendocrine tumours in von Recklinghausen's disease—a case report of co‐existing gangliocytic paraganglioma and somatostatin‐rich glandular carcinoid (1987)

The co-existence of a gangliocytic paraganglioma and a glandular psammomatous carcinoid in the duodenum of a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease and bilateral phaeochromocytomas is reported. The two lesions were considered to be distinctive by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. The cells of the glandular carcinoid showed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for somatostatin and contained only scanty intracytoplasmic microfilaments on electron microscopy. In contrast, the endocrine cells of the gangliocytic paraganglioma were positive for pancreatic polypeptide and serotonin, were negative for somatostatin, and contained conspicuous intracytoplasmic aggregates of filaments. The histogenic relationship between the two tumours is discussed. This case strengthens the known association of glandular duodenal somatostatinoma with von Recklinghausen's disease and phaeochromocytoma and, in the light of a previous case report, suggests that von Recklinghausen's disease and gangliocytic paraganglioma may co-exist more commonly than expected.
OP16.01: Reproducibility of 3D‐transvaginal sonography by VCI analysis to differentiate endometrial polyp and hyperplasia in pre‐menopausal women (2014)

To analyze the reproducibility of 3D-transvaginal sonography (3D-TVS) by Volume Contrast Imaging (VCI) analysis in the differential diagnosis of endometrial polyp and hyperplasia in pre-menopausal women among examiners with different level of expertise. 50 pre-menopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding and/or infertility scheduled for hysteroscopy were consecutively recruited. 3D-TVS was performed during the early (day 5–9 - Group A) and late (day 10-14 - Group B) proliferative phase of the cycle and 3D volumes of the uterus were acquired and stored. Directed office hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy was considered the gold standard. Four examiners, with different levels of experience, evaluated the 3D stored volumes by multiplanar display and VCI analysis (by two millimeters slices). The presence of hyperechoic areas within hypoechoic proliferative endometrium was considered suspicious for endometrial hyperplasia; the presence of a hyperechoic lesion with the bright edge was considered suspicious for endometrial polyp. To analyze intra-observer agreement each examiner performed the assessment twice with a two weeks interval between the first and the second assessment. To analyze the inter-observer agreement, the second assessment from each examiner was used. Reproducibility was assessed calculating the weighted Kappa index. Histological reports were endometrial polyp, hyperplasia and functional endometrium in 18, 15 and 17 cases, respectively. In two cases with coexisting endometrial polyp and hyperplasia, endometrial polyp was considered for data analysis. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was good to excellent. Inter-observer variability was not significantly different among examiners with different level of experience. 3D-TVS by VCI analysis can adequately permit to differentiate endometrial polyp and hyperplasia, with an acceptable reproducibility among examiners with different level of expertise.
A new reduced clock-swing flip-flop: NAND-type keeper flip-flop (NDKFF) (2003)

A new reduced clock-swing flip-flop, named NAND-type Keeper Flip-Flop (NDKFF) is proposed. Compared with other conventional reduced clock-swing flip-flops such as HSFF and RCSFF, NDKFF features a simple configuration, which does not have additional clock drivers or does not have additional nand/or p-wells. Compared with the hybrid-latch flip-flop, 52% of the flip-flop power and 64% of the clocking power are saved in the case of 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Moreover CLK-to-Q delay is comparable to that of conventional C2MOS-type master-slave flip-flop.
Impact of Thermal Effects on the Performance of the Power Gating Circuits Using NEMS, FinFETs, and NWFETs (2021)

In this article, the power gating (PG) technique is analyzed using nano-electro-mechanical switches (NEMS), FinFETs, and nanowire field-effect transistors (NWFETs). We have used detailed circuit level simulations using well-calibrated models to obtain the conditions for net energy saving with thermal effects. We demonstrate that for a benchmark 17-stage buffer chain circuit, the NEMS PG will be superior to sub-10-nm FinFETs and NWFETs-based gating when the T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> on</sub> / T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> off</sub> ratio is less than 0.1 at room temperature. The ratio increases as temperature increases. Circuit simulations show that the energy gain ( T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> / T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> off</sub> = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> ) due to NEMS gating increases by 3.6 times with reference to NWFETs and 7.3 times as compared to FinFETs-based gating when the temperature increases from 30 °C to 80 °C. NWFETs require a longer breakeven cycle for PG to become more energy-efficient than FinFETs due to its better gate control over the channel.
Towards large-scale data discovery (2016)

With thousands of data sources spread across multiple databases and data lakes, modern organizations face a data discovery challenge. Analysts spend more time finding relevant data to answer the questions at hand than analyzing it.
Machine learning prediction of incidence of Alzheimer’s disease using large-scale administrative health data (2020)

Nationwide population-based cohort provides a new opportunity to build an automated risk prediction model based on individuals' history of health and healthcare beyond existing risk prediction models. We tested the possibility of machine learning models to predict future incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using large-scale administrative health data. From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2002 and 2010, we obtained de-identified health data in elders above 65 years (<i>N</i> = 40,736) containing 4,894 unique clinical features including ICD-10 codes, medication codes, laboratory values, history of personal and family illness and socio-demographics. To define incident AD we considered two operational definitions: "definite AD" with diagnostic codes and dementia medication (<i>n</i> = 614) and "probable AD" with only diagnosis (<i>n</i> = 2026). We trained and validated random forest, support vector machine and logistic regression to predict incident AD in 1, 2, 3, and 4 subsequent years. For predicting future incidence of AD in balanced samples (bootstrapping), the machine learning models showed reasonable performance in 1-year prediction with AUC of 0.775 and 0.759, based on "definite AD" and "probable AD" outcomes, respectively; in 2-year, 0.730 and 0.693; in 3-year, 0.677 and 0.644; in 4-year, 0.725 and 0.683. The results were similar when the entire (unbalanced) samples were used. Important clinical features selected in logistic regression included hemoglobin level, age and urine protein level. This study may shed a light on the utility of the data-driven machine learning model based on large-scale administrative health data in AD risk prediction, which may enable better selection of individuals at risk for AD in clinical trials or early detection in clinical settings.
Sensor networks in challenged environments (2011)

Oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation and tactical surveillance are typical applications for wireless underwater sensor networks. In this talk wireless underwater channel is explored, novel medium access control and routing protocols will be presented. On the other hand, sensor applications in soil media and tunnels have unique communication problems. In particular, the wireless channel pecularities in the underground make communication problems interesting which will be discussed in this tutorial. Future research challenges will be highlighted in both areas.
The Organization of Computations for Uniform Recurrence Equations (1967)

A set equations in the quantities a i ( p ), where i = 1, 2, · · ·, m and p ranges over a set R of lattice points in n -space, is called a system of uniform recurrence equations if the following property holds: If p and q are in R and w is an integer n -vector, then a i ( p ) depends directly on a j ( p - w ) if and only if a i ( q ) depends directly on a j ( q - w ). Finite-difference approximations to systems of partial differential equations typically lead to such recurrence equations. The structure of such a system is specified by a dependence graph G having m vertices, in which the directed edges are labeled with integer n -vectors. For certain choices of the set R , necessary and sufficient conditions on G are given for the existence of a schedule to compute all the quantities a i ( p ) explicitly from their defining equations. Properties of such schedules, such as the degree to which computation can proceed “in parallel,” are characterized. These characterizations depend on a certain iterative decomposition of a dependence graph into subgraphs. Analogous results concerning implicit schedules are also given.
Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in routine clinics in Cotonou, Benin (2011)

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2008 to examine virological outcome and emergence of drug resistance in HIV-infected patients treated according to the national guidelines in an AIDS clinic in Cotonou, Benin. Median time on (antiretroviral therapy) ART of the 122 enrolled patients was 35 months. Viral load above 1,000 copies/ml was observed in 33 patients (27%) and 22.1% (27/122) harbored resistant strains: viruses from four, fifteen and eight patients were resistant to one, two and three drugs in their treatment regimen. The most frequent mutations were M184V and K103N in the reverse transcriptase gene. The proportion of patients with drug resistant mutations did not increase with time on ART. There seems to be a trend towards a lower prevalence of drug resistance mutations in patients who started with protease inhibitors-based regimens as compared to (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor) NNRTI-based regimens. Further studies are necessary to evaluate if in the absence of laboratory monitoring, the use of PIs for the first-line ART should be reconsidered to minimize the risk of emergence of HIV drug resistance.

	 

	Key words: HIV, resistance, protease inhibitors, African countries, public health approach.
An Adaptive Recovery Method in Compressed Sensing of Extracellular Neural Recording (2015)

A novel adaptive recovery method in the emerging compressed sensing theory is described and applied to extracellular neural recordings in order to reduce data rate in wireless neural recording systems. To strike a balance between high compression ratio and high spike reconstruction quality, a novel method that employs a group-sparsity recovery algorithm, prior information about the input neural signal, learning prior supports of spikes, and a matched wavelet technique is introduced. Our simulation results, using four different sets of real extracellular recordings from four distinct neural sources, show that our proposed method is effective, viable, and outperforms the state-of-the-art compressed sensing-based methods, in particular, when the number of the measurement is two times of the sparsity.
[Three ways for protein aggregation and the control strategies]. (2023)

Protein aggregation is a critical issue in the production of biopharmaceuticals. During protein production, transport and storage, various factors can lead to protein aggregation. With the in-depth study, different ways of protein aggregation and various influencing factors were identified. This includes physical and chemical factors, translation modifications and protein structure. Since protein aggregation exerts major impact on the activity and homogeneity of proteins, it is of great importance to study the ways of protein aggregation and how to control it to obtain high-quality proteins. The review focuses on three ways of protein aggregation, namely 3D domain swapping, salt bridge formation, and oxidative stress, as well as methods to control protein aggregation during protein production, transport and storage. This may facilitate reducing the loss caused by the formation of protein aggregation and improving the purity and homogeneity of protein in research and commercial production.
Physical and Functional Interactions between Zic and Gli Proteins (2001)

Zic and Gli family proteins are transcription factors that share similar zinc finger domains. Recent studies indicate that Zic and Gli collaborate in neural and skeletal development. We provide evidence that the Zic and Gli proteins physically and functionally interact through their zinc finger domains. Moreover, Gli proteins were translocated to cell nuclei by coexpressed Zic proteins, and both proteins regulated each other's transcriptional activity. Our result suggests that the physical interaction between Zic and Gli is the molecular basis of their antagonistic or synergistic features in developmental contexts and that Zic proteins are potential modulators of the hedgehog-mediated signaling pathway.
Cryocompressed hydrogen storage and liquid delivery (2014)

This presentation was created for the DOE H2 Transmission and Delivery Workshop on February 26, 2014.
A survey on various image enhancement techniques for underwater acoustic images (2016)

Image enhancement techniques serve as a preprocessing step in segmentation, object detection and recognition in computer vision applications. These techniques may not be suitable for enhancing the acoustic images as the scene of the sea-floor is captured by using special instruments such as Sonar which uses sound as a source to capture image. The acoustic images contain speckle noise which is caused by the interference of the sea-floor sediment and multi-path reverberation. This paper presents a survey on various image enhancement techniques applied on acoustic images. It is recently proved that transformation techniques such as wavelet, curvelet and contourlet are more suitable for removing speckle noises in acoustic images. This paper also provides a framework for understanding the way by which different types of noises in an acoustic image can be removed by filtering techniques.