gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of motoneuron properties on reflex stability in spastic subjects: a simulation study (2005)

The influence of motoneuron pool properties on the stability of the stretch reflex at the ankle in subjects with spinal cord injury was tested using a comprehensive model of the reflex pathway. This model included the passive and active components of the triceps surae muscles, muscle spindles, neural transport delays, limb mechanical properties, and a lumped parameter model of the motoneuron pool input-output relationship. Simulations show that as the motoneuron firing threshold was reduced (reflecting increased excitability of spinal motoneurons), normal reflex responses became unstable and oscillations developed similar to those observed in spastic patients. In parallel, when reflex delay times typical for triceps surae in man were chosen, and motoneuron excitability increased progressively, oscillatory ankle movements were readily elicited. Conversely, as pathway delays were reduced, reflex stability increased, as :the oscillatory behavior usually damped out. Decreases in motoneuron pool synaptic gain had a stabilizing effect on the reflex response, as low motoneuron gains tended to eliminate oscillatory behavior. Using an Absolute Stability Analysis, we found that reflex pathways containing long neural transport delays and muscles with slow dynamics tended to place the largest stability constraints on the motoneuron pool. These findings support the hypothesis that unstable oscillatory behavior, such as the oscillations observed in clonus, will occur when the motoneuron excitability increases in a reflex pathway containing long delays.
Influence of Propagation Method and Fertilizer Rate on Growth and Development of Liatris pycnostachya (1983)

Abstract Field planting of corms of Liatris pycnostachya Michx. cv. Eureka produced superior plants for cut flower production than seeds, seedlings, or rooted stem cuttings. Corms with diameters of 2.4 to 7.9 cm produced the highest number of tall flowering stems. Transplanted seedlings produced larger corms with more buds than corms harvested from rooted stem cuttings or direct-seeded plants. Fertilizer (10N–8.6P–8.3K) applied at the rate of 3 kg/100 m 2 was sufficient for producing superior quality flowering stems.
Sensor Array Optimization for Mobile Electronic Nose: Wavelet Transform and Filter Based Feature Selection Approach (2016)

Mobile Electronic Nose (MoLen) is a prospective concept for Sensing as a Service (S2aaS) development. Furthermore, gas sensor array is a substantial part of MoLen. This work treats about two issues related with gas sensor array. First, commonly used resistive sensor e.g. MOS (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) gas sensor is highly contaminated with noise. Second, a poor combination of sensor array leads to features redundancy issue. These problems cause significant performance degradation on classifier. It will get worse if the classifier runs on S2aaS environment. To deal with these issues, this study proposes the robust sensor array optimization method based on Wavelet Transform to handle the noise and the modified Fast Correlation-Based Filter (FCBF) to find the best combination of sensor array with minimizing feature redundancy. This study has the following contribution: i) reducing the noise from gas sensor array that generated irrelevant data; ii) finding the best sensor array for beef quality classification to improve the quality of input to classifier. The experimental results show that the proposed method successfully reduces the noise power at maximum 14.41% and it is able to determine the best combination of sensors in sensor array with the 16% of improvement of General Resolution Factor (GRF)that is associated with larger classification rate.
Detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of the surface-activated platelet differs from the suspension-activated platelet cytoskeleton (1992)

This study contrasts the protein composition of the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton of platelets fully spread on glass with the cytoskeletal composition of resting platelets and platelets aggregated in suspension with thrombin. Complete Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeletons were isolated from spread, resting, and suspension-activated platelets in the presence of protease inhibitors, solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate/EDTA and analyzed on reduced, one-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The protein composition of the cytoskeletons differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Most notable were more extensive incorporation of total protein, talin, and vinculin into the cytoskeleton of spread platelets than the cytoskeleton of suspension-activated platelets. Varying the concentration and time of exposure to thrombin during suspension activation did not mimic the cytoskeletal changes of surface activation. Scanning electron microscopy, measurement of lipid phosphorus content, and varying the duration of Triton extraction did not show incomplete solubilization or nonspecific trapping of constituents in the spread platelet cytoskeleton. Proteolysis of talin was minimal in suspension-activated platelets and in platelets spread for 50 minutes. The differences in the detergent-resistant cytoskeletons of surface- and suspension-activated platelets indicate significant divergence in the physiologies of platelet spreading on surfaces and platelet activation in suspension.
Polymorphisms of HLA Class III Genes in Allergic Contact Dermatitis (1992)

HLA class III polymorphisms (BF, C4A, C4B) were studied in 55 patients of different age and sex suffering from allergic contact dermatitis, with sensitization to different substances. In the overall group of patients no significant correlation between the disease and HLA markers was found. BF F allele was present in 34% and BS S in 64% of patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis to nickel only versus 16.45% (relative risk, RR = 2.61) and 80.76% (RR = 0.42), respectively, of the control population. The BF FB subtype frequency was 23.91% versus 7.57% in the control samples (RR = 3.88). We thus hypothesize that this polymorphic serum protein might be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis to nickel.
Capture region for a realistic TPN guidance law (1993)

This work obtains the capture region for a realistic true proportional navigation (RTPN) guidance law against a nonmaneuvering target where the assumption of constant closing velocity used in the guidance law is relaxed. This is a realistic departure from earlier treatments of TPN. A capture equation is obtained and a qualitative study carried out for both zero and non-zero miss distances. The results are shown to be significantly different from those of earlier studies, showing a degradation in the performance of the guidance law in the form of reduced capture region. An example problem is computationally solved to obtain the exact capture region for various values of miss distances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Augmented Reality and Its Future in Orthopaedics (1998)

Augmented reality is a display technique that combines supplemental information with the real world environment. Augmented reality systems are on the verge of being used everyday in medical training, preoperative planning, preoperative and intraoperative data visualization, and intraoperative tool guidance. The basic technologies of augmented reality are discussed, augmented reality systems currently being used in the medical domain are examined, and some future uses of these systems in orthopaedic applications are explored.
A photoswitchable methylene-spaced fluorinated aryl azobenzene monolayer grafted on silicon (2010)

Aryldiazonium-terminated methylene-spaced trifluoromethylazobenzene derivatives have been synthesized. Their self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a silicon surface allow for a stable and reversible molecular photoswitch.
Spectral lineshapes (1993)

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MO‐D‐BRB‐01: Study of Systemic and Random Errors On VMAT and IMRT Plan Quality and Deliver Accuracy (2009)

Purpose: During the delivery of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), random errors exist in both the MLC leaf positions and the gantry angle. In this work, we investigated the impact of such random errors on VMAT plan quality and delivery accuracy. The impact of system calibration errors was also examined. For comparison purposes, we performed a similar study on step‐and‐shoot IMRT plans. Material and Method: VMAT plans for three treatment sites (prostate, pancreas and head‐&amp;‐neck) were created using a home‐grown arc sequencer. Next, random and systematic leaf position errors were introduced into these plans with the random errors sampled from Gaussian distributions of varying widths ranging from 1 to 3mm. Two types of systematic errors, including MLC bank shifts in the same direction (Type I: leaf gap unchanged) and MLC bank shifts in opposite directions (Type II: leaf gap increase/decrease). The plan quality variations were compared in the Pinnacle 3 planning system. Plans with systematic errors were verified using the MatriXX ion chamber array with gamma evaluation criteria of 3%/3mm. Results: The plan degradation observed for VMAT plans was slightly less as compared to that for fixed‐field IMRT plans when random errors up to 3mm to the leaf positions were introduced. With type I systematic errors of 3mm on leaf positions, the average standard deviation of PTV dose increased by 10.2%. This value increased to 18.4% for the corresponding fixed‐field IMRT plans. A larger impact on the IMRT plans was also observed when type II systematic errors were introduced. The above results were confirmed by plan verification measurements with higher gamma passing rates for VMAT plans when systematic errors were applied. Conclusion: The VMAT delivery technique has better tolerance to random and systematic errors in gantry angle and MLC leaf position errors as compared with step‐and‐shoot IMRT. Research supported by Elekta.
Responses to directional stimuli in retinal preganglionic units (1970)

1. Extracellular recordings were made from directionally selective ganglion cell units in the isolated frog retina and decapitated Necturus preparation.2. Intracellular recordings were made from individual photoreceptor cells in the frog and Necturus retinae while stimuli which had evoked directionally selective responses at the ganglion cell level were presented. No evidence for inhibition of photoreceptors for any direction of movement of the light stimulus was found. This appeared to rule out a mechanism for directional selectivity involving inhibition of photoreceptor potentials.3. Intracellular recordings were made from the nuclear layer between photoreceptors and ganglion cells in Necturus. The responses were of two types: either transitory or sustained.4. The sustained type responses could be divided into two classes depending on their receptive field organization. One type of sustained potential had a large receptive field without any evidence for a centre-surround antagonism and corresponded to the luminosity type S-potential recorded in fish. The other type had a smaller receptive field and showed a difference in sign of response between centre and surround if the centre was flooded with a steady light. This is very similar to what has been described for a type of on-centre, off-surround ganglion cell.5. The transitory type of responses showed some centre-surround antagonistic organization. Some of these transitory units also appeared to show some discrimination in response as a function of the distribution of light on the retina.6. No specific directional selectivity was found from units at the inner nuclear layer. This further excluded any mechanism of directional sensitivity which involves selectivity at the photoreceptor level.7. It was concluded that although inner nuclear layer units may play a role in the mechanism of directional selectivity, no specific directionality was found at the first synaptic level of the retina.
On the optical band gap of zinc oxide (1998)

Three different values (3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 eV) have been reported for the optical band gap of zinc oxide single crystals at room temperature. By comparing the optical properties of ZnO crystals using a variety of optical techniques it is concluded that the room temperature band gap is 3.3 eV and that the other values are attributable to a valence band-donor transition at ∼3.15 eV that can dominate the optical absorption when the bulk of a single crystal is probed.
Depletion Of Neutrophils From Induced Sputum Using A Novel Bead And Sieve-Separation System (2012)

The proportion of lymphocytes was not reduced. Using flow cytometry we observed that CD3 positive cells could not be detected in homogenized sputum, which is compatible with the observed lack in binding of these catcher beads. The filtration does not reduce the amount of epithelia cells. However, these are not vital and therefore do not interfere in in-vitro experiments with isolated sputum macrophages. The median (IQR) percentage of neutrophils before separation was 69 (60; 74) %. After depletion with Pluribeads, neutrophils were reduced to 8 (1; 16) %. The relationship between amount of antibody and the cellnumber is important. In our hands a maximum of 2 Mio total cells with 200 μL of CD15 Pluribeads resulted in optimal depletion of sputum neutrophils. Results Fig.2: Depletion of Pluribead bound cells by sieving
Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of a human T lymphocyte serine protease gene. (1990)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 4508 base pairs of human genomic DNA which contain the human serine esterase gene from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (SECT) (equivalent to the 1-3E cDNA clone) and include 879 bp of 5' flanking DNA and 393 bp of 3' flanking DNA. The gene consists of five exons of 88, 148, 136, 261, and 257 nucleotides separated by four introns of 1043, 455, 205, and 643 nucleotides. The location of introns with respect to protein coding sequences in the SECT gene is identical to that of the human cathepsin G and murine granzyme B genes. Comparison of SECT gene exonic sequences to murine granzyme B-F cDNA sequences indicates similarities of 75 and 72% for granzymes B and C and 61, 59, and 61% for granzymes D, E, and F, respectively. The 5' flanking sequence of the SECT gene showed similarity only to the 5' flanking sequence of the murine granzyme B gene, indicating that these genes are homologous. Comparison of the SECT gene sequence to the human cathepsin G sequence indicated no similarity in the 5' flanking DNA although the exonic sequences show 64% sequence similarity overall and 45% sequence similarity in the respective 3' untranslated regions. These similarities suggest that the SECT and cathepsin G genes are members of the same family of serine protease genes. Evidence from high and low stringency Southern transfer analysis of human genomic DNA indicates the presence of another gene of at least 85% sequence similarity to the SECT gene.
Sparsity promoting dimensionality reduction for classification of high dimensional hyperspectral images (2013)

Sparse representation is an active research area in the signal processing and machine learning community in recent years. Recently, sparse representation classifier was proposed for challenging classification tasks - it entails representing a testing sample as a linear combination of all training samples which form an over-complete dictionary. In this paper, we demonstrate that for challenging high-dimensional classification tasks, appropriate dimensionality reduction is beneficial for sparse representation classifiers and it's variants - especially when some features are redundant and/or lack discriminatory power. We propose a new dimensionality reduction algorithm to optimize the performance of greedy pursuit algorithms (required in sparse representation classifiers) by projecting the data into a space where the ratio of intra-class to inter class inner products are maximized. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method with standard hyperspectral imagery datasets - both in terms of improved classification accuracy and a speed-up in the run-time.
Clinical Application of Stereolithographic Surgical Guides for Implant Placement: Preliminary Results (2005)

Clinical data suggest that computer-aided rapid prototyping of surgical guides may be useful in implant placement. However, the technique requires improvement to provide better stability of the guide during the surgery, in cases of unilateral bone-supported and non-tooth-supported guides. Further clinical studies, using greater number of patients, are necessary to evaluate the real impact of the stereolithographic surgical guide on implant therapy.
A global flow analysis algorithm (1972)

A global algorithm which uses interval analysis techniques to recognize live variables is presented.
Molecular Engineering of Torsional Potentials in Fluorogenic Dyes via Electronic Substituent Effects (2008)

Fluorogenic dyes such as thiazole orange (TO) and malachite green have been used in live cellular imaging due to their low quantum yield in solution but large fluorescence enhancements when bound to cellular nucleic acids or to a specific surface-expressed protein partner. Better understanding of the structure-property relationships that establish this fluorogenic behavior could benefit the design of improved dyes. In TO the fluorogenic properties are related to twisting of the dye, following electronic excitation in solution, from an emissive planar structure to a nonemissive twisted structure. Herein we develop a computational approach to identify electron acceptor/donor substitution patterns that impart desirable properties to the dye, such as inducing spectral shifts while maintaining an excited-state torsional surface that will lead to fluorogenic behavior. Additivity of substituent effects, on properties such as spectral shifts and excited-state torsional barriers, is tested and found to be sufficiently accurate that it can be used to identify promising dye candidates. Although additivity suggests an underlying linearity in the substituent effects, additional simplifications stemming from linearity could not be identified. The approach is tested on TO, considering seven different substituents at seven substitution positions, to identify fluorogenic dyes that will span a range of wavelengths. Additivity allows quantum chemical calculations on singly substituted molecules (49 molecules) to be used to make estimates for all substitution patterns (nearly 10(6) molecules).
Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of rare-earth transition-metal alloys containing Gd, Tb, Fe, Co (1989)

Binary and ternary amorphous rare-earth transition-metal alloys of general composition RE1−x(Fe1−yCoy)x with RE=Gd, Tb and 0&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;1, 0≤y≤1 were prepared by evaporation. The saturation magnetization, uniaxial anisotropy, and Faraday rotation were investigated as a function of composition and temperature. Also, from the temperature-dependent measurements the compositional variation of the Curie temperature and the compensation temperature were determined. The experimental data have been analyzed in terms of the mean-field theory yielding spin values and effective exchange interaction energies. The compositional variation of the spin value was described by the environment model. The anisotropy data were fitted with a dipolar equation using the sublattice magnetizations inferred from the mean-field analysis. The magneto-optical effects are primarily caused by the transition metals. For the binaries GdFe and GdCo the compositional variation of the Kerr rotation typically peaks between 1000 and 1500 nm. The lowest magneto-optical effects for binary RE-Th alloys with respect to composition are reached at about x≊0.5 for T=4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the Faraday rotation can be well described in terms of the sublattice magnetizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of a New Type of Electron‐Deficient Olefins: β‐Phenylthio Nitro Olefins, β‐Sulfinyl Nitro Olefins, and β‐Sulfonyl Nitro Olefins. (1986)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Nitroalkylacetaten (I) werden die Phenylthio‐nitroolefine (IV) hergestellt, die zu den Sulfonen (V) bzw. Sulfoxiden (VI) oxidiert werden.
An Information-Theoretic Definition of Similarity (1998)

Similarity is an important and widely used con-cept. Previous definitions of similarity are tied to a particular application or a form of knowl-edge representation. We present an information-theoretic definition of similarity that is applica-ble as long as there is a probabilistic model. We demonstrate how our definition can be used to measure the similarity in a number of different domains. 1
FRP Stay-in-Place Structural Forms for Concrete Bridge Decks: A State-of-the-Art Review (2014)

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Regulation of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Expression in Cultured Human Granulosa Cells: Roles of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, 8-Bromo-3′,5′-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, and Protein Synthesis* (1987)

Treatment of human granulosa cells with human CG (hCG) or an analog of its second messenger, cAMP, promotes a rapid increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA content. After 1 h of treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP, an appreciable increase in hybridizable LDL receptor mRNA was found which increased to apparently maximal levels within 4-6 h. Treatment of the granulosa cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol, in the presence of aminoglutethimide, resulted in a reduction in LDL receptor mRNA content within 6 h of treatment. However, hCG or 8-bromo-cAMP were able to stimulate an increase in LDL receptor mRNA content in the presence of this inhibitory signal. We further investigated the mechanism by which tropic agents increased mRNA content. While inhibition of RNA synthesis with actinomycin D blocked the hCG or cAMP-induced rise in LDL receptor mRNA content, inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide augmented basal or hCG- or cAMP-stimulated LDL receptor mRNA levels. We conclude that human steroidogenic cells possess a cAMP-mediated mechanism for rapid upregulation of LDL receptor mRNA which is distinct from, and supercedes, cholesterol negative feedback of LDL receptor gene expression. The actions of hCG and 8-bromo-cAMP do not require ongoing protein synthesis. Indeed, a cycloheximide-sensitive mechanism modulates receptor mRNA levels in these cells such that the effects of hCG and 8-bromo-cAMP are enhanced when cells are pretreated with this drug.