gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Markedly decreased expression of class I histocompatibility antigens, protein, and mRNA in human small-cell lung cancer. (1985)

We have found markedly deficient expression of the class I major histocompatibility antigens HLA-A,B,C and beta 2m on human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) lines and fresh tumor samples. The deficit of HLA-A,B,C and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) antigen expression was demonstrated with both radiobinding assays and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cells with antibodies to class I antigens showed most SCLC lines to have synthesized almost no beta 2m and HLA-A,B,C proteins. Northern blot analysis, using human HLA-A,B, and beta 2m cDNA probes, showed that almost all SCLC lines tested had markedly decreased amounts of HLA and beta 2m mRNA, but both gene products could be induced with interferon treatment of SCLC lines. We conclude that human SCLC, in contrast to other lung cancer types, is characterized by greatly reduced transcription of HLA-A,B,C and beta 2m genes, which suggests the existence of a mechanism for evading the host immune response to the tumor and of an E1a-like product in this type of tumor cell.
[Initial outcome of coronary intervention in elderly patients]. (1996)

The effect of age on the early results of coronary intervention was examined retrospectively using the initial success rate of coronary angioplasty in 60 patients older than 70 years. Patients were selected from those who underwent coronary angioplasty at the Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital from January 1992 to December 1994. There were 267 patients with 350 lesions, 223 men and 44 women, aged from 31 to 79 years (mean age 61.4 +/- 9.8 years). The elderly group consisted of 60 patients (mean age 73.5 +/- 3.0 years) and the control group was 207 patients less than 70 years (mean age 57.9 +/- 8.2 years). Successful coronary dilatation was defined as > 20% reduction of stenosis with residual stenosis < 50%. Body mass index, presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus and the ratio of smokers were not significantly different between the two groups. The elderly group included more women and patients with hyperlipidemia. Both groups had similar baseline extent of coronary artery disease, distribution of coronary artery stenosis type and left ventricular ejection fraction. The initial success rate for all patients was 93.4%. There was no significant difference in the initial success rate between the elderly and control groups (98.8% and 91.9%, respectively). There was no significant difference in major complication rate between the two groups (6.3% and 11.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the type of coronary artery stenosis was significantly associated with initial success rate (p < 0.01). These results suggest that coronary intervention can be successfully performed with a low incidence of major complication in elderly patients.
Assessment of genetic algorithm selection, crossover and mutation techniques in power loss optimization for a hydrocarbon facility (2015)

In this paper, different selection, crossover including deferential evolution and mutation techniques are considered for optimizing the electrical power loss in real hydrocarbon industrial plant using genetic algorithm (GA). The subject plant electrical system consists of 275 buses, two gas turbine generators, two steam turbine generators, large synchronous motors, and other rotational and static loads. The minimization of power losses objective is used to guide the optimization process. Eight GA selection, crossover and mutation techniques combination cases are simulated for optimizing the system real power loss. The potential of power loss optimization for each case versus the base case will be discussed in the results. The results obtained demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of the proposed techniques combination cases in optimizing the power consumption. Also, in this paper a cost appraisal for the potential daily, monthly and annual cost saving associated with the power loss optimization for each case will be addressed.
What makes the sinoatrial node tick? A question not for the faint of heart (2023)

Even before the sinoatrial node (SAN) was discovered, cardiovascular science was engaged in an active investigation of when and why the heart would beat. After the electrochemical theory of bioelectric membrane potentials was formulated and the first action potentials were measured in contracting muscle cells, the field became divided: some investigators studied electrophysiology and ion channels, others studied muscle contraction. It later became known that changes in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> cause contraction. The pacemaking field was reunited by the coupled-clock theory of pacemaker cell function, which integrated intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> cycling and transmembrane voltage into one rhythmogenic system. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries that contextualize the coupled-clock system, first described in isolated SAN cells, into the complex world of SAN tissue: heterogeneous local Ca<sup>2+</sup> releases, generated within SAN pacemaker cells and regulated by the other cell types within the SAN cytoarchitecture, variably co-localize and synchronize to give rise to relatively rhythmic impulses that emanate from the SAN to excite the heart. We will ultimately conceptualize the SAN as a brain-like structure, composed of intercommunicating meshworks of multiple types of pacemaker cells and interstitial cells, intertwined networks of nerves and glial cells and more. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
Synthesis of helically twisted [1 + 1]macrocycles assisted by amidinium–carboxylate salt bridges and control of their chiroptical properties (2012)

A series of optically active, helically twisted [1 + 1]macrocycles connected via o-, m-, and p-linkages (o-, m-, and p-) was prepared from the corresponding linear duplexes stabilized by complementary amidinium-carboxylate salt bridges bearing two arms with terminal vinyl groups at both ends through the ring-closing metathesis reaction in the good yields of 67, 92, and 96%, respectively. The chiroptical properties of the macrocycles were dependent on the linker geometries and could be controlled by acid-base interactions and zinc coordination, the changes in which were detected by their CD and absorption spectral changes and fluorescence colors.
Waveguide bandstop filter based on irises and double corrugations for use in industrial microwave ovens (2012)

In this reported work it is shown that one of the most employed filtering systems for use in continuous-flow industrial microwave ovens, namely doubly corrugated filters, does not work properly for many values of the electric permittivity of the processed material when it is partially filled. Thus, a novel bandstop filter which solves these inconveniences, based on a combination of metallic irises and double corrugations, is designed by means of CST Microwave Studio® and experimentally validated.
Deterministic Method for Automatic Visual Grading of Seed Food Products (2015)

International audience
Structural Evolution in Sol–Gel‐Derived Yttrium Aluminum Garnet–Alumina Precursor Fibers (2002)

A sol leading to a eutectic Al 2 O 3 –Y 3 Al 5 O 12 composition was spun into fibers. These fibers were dried and pyrolyzed between 200° and 850°C in a nitrogen or water‐vapor atmosphere. Pyrolysis in nitrogen resulted in dense, amorphous fibers with considerable residual carbon content. In water vapor, fibers also remained amorphous, but organics were almost completely removed. The loss of organics created micropores that grew as the pyrolysis temperature increased. The amorphous fiber structures were examined by nitrogen adsorption, helium pycnometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Young's moduli of the pyrolyzed fibers were measured, and porosities of the fibers were calculated from both nitrogen‐adsorption data and elastic behavior. Sintering tests showed the best sinterability for fibers pyrolyzed in water vapor to 385°–500°C.
Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing Using Non-Abelian Groups (2012)

In his paper <bold>[9]</bold> , Stadler develops techniques for improving the security of existing secret sharing protocols by allowing to check whether the secret shares given out by the dealer are valid. In particular, the secret sharing is executed over abelian groups. In this paper we develop similar methods over non-abelian groups.
An Autonomous Roving Vehicle for the Planet Mars (1984)

The early efforts were directed chiefly toward deployment, structural, and suspension problems, and resulted in a storage-battery-powered vehicle that served as a test bed for later developments. The next phase involved the development of a primitive vision system for detecting obstacles. This consisted of a pulsed laser source and single photodetector both mounted on the same mast. As the mast is rotated, they scan the terrain ahead at fixed elevation angles such that a ground reflection should be received for relatively flat terrain. Azimuth angles for which no ground reflection is received are presumed to contain boulders or craters. This information is processed and used to guide the vehicle by means of telemetry and a remote computer. Results of extensive testing of this vehicle are summarized. A more sophisticated vision system was subsequently developed that continues to use triangulation as a basic feature, but scans the terrain ahead in two dimensions. The improved telemetry system and other hardware and software improvements are discussed, along with some fixed-position test results for this vision system. Some suggestions for the direction of future efforts are included. Problems that were not addressed in this work are obstacle avoidance and navigation for distances over three meters, and autonomous power sources suitable for extended travel.
Physical and technological challenges of nanoelectronics devices for the end of the roadmap and beyond (2007)

The microelectronics industry is facing historical challenges to down scale CMOS devices through the demand for low voltage, low power and high performance. The implementation of new materials and devices architectures will be necessary. HiK gate dielectric and metal gate are among the most strategic options to implement for power consumption and low supply voltage management. Multigate architectures increase MOSFETs drivability, reduce power, and allow new memory devices opportunities to develop future applications. By introducing new materials (HiK, Ge, III-V, carbon based materials like diamond, graphene and CNTs, molecules,...), Si based CMOS will be scaled beyond the ITRS as the system-on- chip platform.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions (2019)

Powered by renewable electricity, the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia is proposed as a promising alternative to the energy- and capital-intensive Haber-Bosch process, and has thus attracted much attention from the scientific community. However, this process suffers from low NH<sub>3</sub> yields and Faradaic efficiency. The development of more effective electrocatalysts is of vital importance for the practical applications of this reaction. Of the reported catalysts, single-atom catalysts (SACs) show the significant advantages of efficient atom utilization and unsaturated coordination configurations, which offer great scope for optimizing their catalytic performance. Herein, progress in state-of-the-art SACs applied in the electrocatalytic N<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (NRR) is discussed, and the main advantages and challenges for developing more efficient electrocatalysts are also highlighted.
Polarity-Dependent Electrochemically Controlled Transport of Water through Carbon Nanotube Membranes (2007)

We demonstrate here that water can be efficiently wet and pumped through superhydrophobic aligned multiwalled nanotube membranes by application of a small positive dc bias. At a critical bias ( approximately 1.7 V), with the membrane acting as anode, there is an abrupt transition from a superhydrophobic to hydrophilic state. Interestingly, this phenomenon is strongly polarity dependent; for a negative bias applied to the membrane, 2 orders of magnitude higher bias is required for the transition. The polarity and voltage-dependent wetting that we report could be used to controllably wick fluids through nanotube membranes and could find various applications.
Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages revealed by genome-resolved metagenomics (2020)

Abstract Marine planktonic eukaryotes play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years. Cover Navigating on the map of plankton genomics with Tara Oceans and anvi’o: a comprehensive genome-resolved metagenomic survey dedicated to eukaryotic plankton.
DNA damage response clamp loader Rad24(Rad17) and Mec1(ATR) kinase have distinct functions in regulating meiotic crossovers (2019)

Abstract Crossover (CO) recombination is essential for chromosome segregation during meiosis I. The number and distribution of COs are tightly regulated during meiosis. CO control includes CO assurance and CO interference, which guarantee at least one CO per a bivalent and evenly-spaced CO distribution, respectively. Previous studies showed the role of DNA damage response (DDR) clamp and its loader in efficient formation of meiotic COs by promoting the recruitment of a pro-CO protein Zip3 and interhomolog recombination, and also by suppressing ectopic recombination. In this study, by classical tetrad analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , we showed that a mutant defective in the RAD24 gene ( RAD17 in other organisms), which encodes the DDR clamp loader, displayed reduced CO frequencies on two shorter chromosomes ( III and V ) but not on a long chromosome (chromosome VII ). The residual COs in the rad24 mutant do not show interference. In contrast to the rad24 mutant, mutants defective in the ATR kinase homolog Mec1/Esr1, including a mec1 null and a mec1 kinase-dead mutant, show little or no defect in CO frequency. On the other hand, mec1 COs show defects in interference, similar to the rad24 mutant. Moreover, CO formation and its control are implemented in a chromosome-specific manner, which may reflect a role for chromosome size in regulation.
Pulse compression with very low sidelobes in an airborne rain mapping radar (1994)

Pulse compression allows a substantial reduction in the peak transmitted power of a radar and is attractive for spaceborne remote sensing applications. In the case of a downward looking rain measuring radar, however, the range sidelobes associated with surface return can mask return from rain and must be kept to a minimum. The authors describe the pulse compression system for the NASA/JPL Airborne Rain Mapping Radar. This system uses time-domain weighting of the transmitted pulse and is able to achieve a range sidelobe level of -55 dB or better in flight tests. This is significantly lower than other values reported in the open literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exploring the Limits of System Integration With Smart Dust (2002)

The Smart Dust project aims to explore the limits of system integration by packing an autonomous sensing, computing, and communication node into a cubic millimeter mote that will form the basis of massive distributed sensor networks, thus demonstrating that a complete system can be integrated into 1 mm3. Effectively exploring this space requires new approaches to design that emphasize energy and volume constraints over all others. To this end a 16 mm3 autonomous solar-powered sensor node with bi-directional optical communication has been demonstrated, with smaller nodes forthcoming. System integration limits will shrink even further as carbon nanotube technology matures.
Low temperature fabrication of high mobility poly-Si TFTs for large area LCDs (2003)

A low-temperature process for fabricating high-mobility poly-Si TFTs (thin-film transistors) is presented. Its main feature is its use of sputter-deposited Si film followed by laser irradiation and sputter-deposited gate SiO/sub 2/ film. The resulting TFTs have excellent characteristics and have been successfully applied to peripheral circuits for large-area liquid-crystal displays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On using a priori segmentation of the speech signal in an N-best solutions post-processing (2002)

This paper proposes a new approach to the incorporation of automatic a-priori segmentation into an HMM based speech recognizer. The approach used for the post-processing of N-best solutions is based on stochastic modelling of the number of speech signal stationarity changes which occur within the phonetic segments of each solution. The objective of this post-processing is to validate the presence of stationarity zones in the speech signal. This particular validation cannot be exploited using a centisecond approach. The signal stationarity changes are detected using an "a priori" segmentation algorithm. Two phonetic models are calculated for each phonetic segment. One corresponds to correct solutions and the other one corresponds to incorrect solutions. These two models are used simultaneously in order to compute a post-processing score for each solution. In the initial set of experiments, which was conducted on telephone databases, the use of this method resulted in a 9% error rate reduction on the "Number" database, and a 15% error rate reduction on the "Digit" database.
Dose—Response Effects of Intermittent PTH on Cancellous Bone in Hindlimb Unloaded Rats (2006)

These findings reveal that administration of a therapeutic dose of PTH to HLU rats prevents the decrease in bone formation and trabecular thinning, whereas high dose rates of the hormone increase bone formation and trabecular thickness to values that exceed normal values.
Group B Streptococcal Meningitis in Children and Adults: A Report of Three Cases and Detection of Antibodies with Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis (1976)

AbstractThree cases of non-neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis are described. All cases occurred in 1974 suggesting an increased incidence of the disease, which has been reported rarely in the past. The etiologic significance of the isolated group B streptococci was confirmed by demonstration of precipitating antibodies by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.View correction statement:Erratum
Cost of HIV Testing in the U.S. Army (1995)

To the Editor: We summarize the costs per test incurred by the U.S. Army since the establishment of programs to test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1985. These costs are now less tha...
Increased oxidation of UO2in molten alkali-metal carbonate based mixtures by increasing oxygen solubility and by controlled generation of superoxide ions, and evidence for a new sodium uranate (1997)

The oxidation of uranium dioxide to uranates in the ternary alkali-metal carbonate melt (Li–Na–K)2CO3 containing added chlorides or sulfates has been studied in the range 723–1023 K and a variety of uranium(VI) species was obtained. Increased oxygen solubility in fused carbonates was achieved by adding alkali-metal chloride or sulfate. The yield of uranates in chloride-containing melts decreased with increasing radius of the alkali-metal chloride cation, Li Na > K > Cs. When UO2 was oxidised in alkali chloride containing carbonate melts no intermediate uranium chloride complexes were observed. The temperature required for complete oxidation of UO2 can be lowered by 100–150 K by the addition of alkali-metal chlorides to carbonate melts. The addition of chloride and aluminium ions to form AlCl4− effected UO2 oxidation by a different mechanism, through intermediate formation of uranyl complexes, but the yield of uranates was not significantly altered. Attempts at oxidation by direct addition of potassium superoxide at 723 K were inefficient owing to thermal instability of the reagent, but UO2 oxidation was enhanced, by more than 10%, by superoxide formed insitu by the reaction of peroxide and nitrate, compared with oxidation by peroxide or nitrate individually. Optimum conditions for complete oxidation at 723 K required a peroxide:nitrate mole ratio of ca. 3. The major reaction pathway in melts containing nitrate and peroxide, at various concentrations of these reactants, was determined. At a mole ratio of oxidiser to UO2 of 0.3, the percentage of UO2 oxidised and the yield of uranates, increased in the order Na2O2 ≈ KO2 < KNO2 < KNO3 < KNO3 + Na2O2. Evidence has been obtained for a new sodium uranate, Na2O(UO3−y)x (1 < x <2 ; y < 0.02).
A Systems-Level Analysis of the Effects of Light Quality on the Metabolism of a Cyanobacterium (2009)

Photosynthetic organisms experience changes in light quantity and light quality in their natural habitat. In response to changes in light quality, these organisms redistribute excitation energy and adjust photosystem stoichiometry to maximize the utilization of available light energy. However, the response of other cellular processes to changes in light quality is mostly unknown. Here, we report a systematic investigation into the adaptation of cellular processes in Synechocystis species PCC 6803 to light that preferentially excites either photosystem II or photosystem I. We find that preferential excitation of photosystem II and photosystem I induces massive reprogramming of the Synechocystis transcriptome. The rewiring of cellular processes begins as soon as Synechocystis senses the imbalance in the excitation of reaction centers. We find that Synechocystis utilizes the cyclic photosynthetic electron transport chain for ATP generation and a major part of the respiratory pathway to generate reducing equivalents and carbon skeletons during preferential excitation of photosystem I. In contrast, cytochrome c oxidase and photosystem I act as terminal components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain to produce sufficient ATP and limited amounts of NADPH and reduced ferredoxin during preferential excitation of photosystem II. To overcome the shortage of NADPH and reduced ferredoxin, Synechocystis preferentially activates transporters and acquisition pathways to assimilate ammonia, urea, and arginine over nitrate as a nitrogen source. This study provides a systematic analysis of cellular processes in cyanobacteria in response to preferential excitation and shows that the cyanobacterial cell undergoes significant adjustment of cellular processes, many of which were previously unknown.