gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Major Gene for Field Stem Rust Resistance Co-Locates with Resistance Gene Sr12 in ‘Thatcher’ Wheat (2016)

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis (Pgt), is a damaging disease of wheat that can be controlled by utilizing effective stem rust resistance genes. 'Thatcher' wheat carries complex resistance to stem rust that is enhanced in the presence of the resistance gene Lr34. The purpose of this study was to examine APR in 'Thatcher' and look for genetic interactions with Lr34. A RIL population was tested for stem rust resistance in field nurseries in Canada, USA, and Kenya. BSA was used to find SNP markers associated with reduced stem rust severity. A major QTL was identified on chromosome 3BL near the centromere in all environments. Seedling testing showed that Sr12 mapped to the same region as the QTL for APR. The SNP markers were physically mapped and the region carrying the resistance was searched for sequences with homology to members of the NB-LRR resistance gene family. SNP marker from one NB-LRR-like sequence, NB-LRR3 co-segregated with Sr12. Two additional populations, including one that lacked Lr34, were tested in field nurseries. NB-LRR3 mapped near the maximum LOD for reduction in stem rust severity in both populations. Lines from a population that segregated for Sr12 and Lr34 were tested for seedling Pgt biomass and infection type, as well as APR to field stem rust which showed an interaction between the genes. We concluded that Sr12, or a gene closely linked to Sr12, was responsible for 'Thatcher'-derived APR in several environments and this resistance was enhanced in the presence of Lr34.
L'arbre à palabres et à récits : de l'Afrique au Brésil en passant par la Bretagne / Christian Leray, Fatimata Hamey-Warou ; préface, Jean-Marc Vanhoutte (2016)

International audience
Digestive diversity and kinetic intrigue among heated and unheated β-lactoglobulin species (2014)

Food processing often alters the structure of proteins, and proteins are deliberately denatured and aggregated to improve technological functionality in many cases. However, the digestive consequences of processing-induced alterations to protein structure have only recently been studied. Here we explored the process-structure-digestibility relationship in the context of heat-processing effects on the structure and gastric digestibility of the bovine whey protein β-lactoglobulin (β-lg). Heating β-lg produces an array of non-native monomers, dimers and aggregates, and we have characterised these with reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) as a complement to our earlier work using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) techniques. Using a combination of SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC we have identified pepsin-resistant dimers and peptides that appear early in digestion. In an unexpected finding, native β-lg underwent complete hydrolysis during prolonged incubation (48 h) with pepsin. Two phases of hydrolysis were identified, and the transition between phases appears to result from alterations to the secondary structure of β-lg at 3-4 h, as measured with circular dichroism spectroscopy, and/or the binding and release of a pepsin inhibitor peptide. This work has unpacked some of the complexities of the processing-structure-digestibility relationship in a highly simplified system; further work is needed to explore the implications of these findings for food processors, regulatory authorities and consumers.
An Introduction to Rule-Based Feature and Object Perception for Middle School Students (2023)

The Feature Detection tool is a web-based activity that allows students to detect features in images and build their own rule-based classification algorithms. In this paper, we introduce the tool and share how it is incorporated into two, 45-minute lessons. The objective of the first lesson is to introduce students to the concept of feature detection, or how a computer can break down visual input into lower-level features. The second lesson aims to show students how these lower-level features can be incorporated into rule-based models to classify higher-order objects. We discuss how this tool can be used as a "first step" to the more complex concept ideas of data representation and neural networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Vapor‐Phase Nitration of Aromatic Compounds with NO2 on Zeolites. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The use of resonant circuits in power conditioning equipment (1971)

Four different power conditioning circuits are described showing how the series resonant circuit can be used instead of the saturating transformer to determine opeating frequency. These circuits are a dc-to-squarewave inverter and an ac-to-ac frequency sextupler, both fully qualified for aerospace, a dc-to-dc converter and a dc-to-sinewave inverter, both in the successful prototype stage. Attention is given to the relation betwen damping constants and rejection ratios, and it is shown graphically how to take advantage of these features of the resonant circuit by suitable choice of isolating transformer turns ratios as related to load constants. The four circuits show how the careful use of these principles reult in superior frequency stability and, especially in the sinewave inverter, vitual elimination of high power switching transients, with resultant low generation of electromagnetic interference and extremely low electrical stresses in switching power transistors.
Temporary Botulinum Immobilization of Residuum Muscles for Facilitation of the Initial Ingrowth of Skin to the Porous Skin and Bone Integrated Pylon in the Technology of Direct Skeletal Attachment: Large Animal Model (2022)

Enhancing the technology of bone-anchored limb prosthetics, we present a modified porcine model for developing an infection-free integration between the skin and a percutaneous bone implant. The deeply porous Skin and Bone Integrated Pylon (SBIP) presented an infection-free skin-implant interface both after implantation into the dorsum and after implantation into the residuum after below-knee amputation. However, deep ingrowth of skin into the porous cladding of the SBIP was achieved better in the dorsal procedure, while implantation to the residuum sometimes developed a stoma, probably due to the high mobility of the skin and soft tissues in the pig's thigh. Uncontrolled high skin mobility during the first week after implantation constituted a limitation for the porcine animal model, which we tried to address in the current study. As our previous studies showed that casting of the leg residuum did not sufficiently limit the skin's movement around the implant, we tested a modified protocol of the implantation, which included injection of botulinum toxin into the thigh muscles. During the course of the study, we identified proper botulinum toxin componentry, dosage, and the period after injections to achieve a maximal effect of immobilization of the muscles affecting skin movements. To verify the immobilization, we used kinetic data on the asymmetry of loading during gait with the Strideway System, Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA, USA. We found that injections in the four muscles of the distal thigh of the left hind leg with MYOBLOC® (rimabotulinumtoxinB; 5,000 units/muscle) were sufficient to provide noticeable immobilization by the fourth week after the procedure. This conclusion was made based on the analysis of the dynamics of asymmetry in vertical ground reactions on the injected (left hind) and uninvolved (right hind) legs during gait over an instrumented walkway.
Total and specific IgG4 antibody levels in atopic eczema. (1984)

Total IgG4 and IgG4 antibody levels specific for 10 allergens (three inhaled and seven ingested) were measured by radioimmunoassay of sera taken from three groups of adult patients: (1) 32 cases of atopic eczema, (2) 28 cases of respiratory allergy and (3) 156 normal volunteers. In all three groups IgG4 antibody activity was mainly directed against common foods, and generally the group with atopic eczema had higher total and specific IgG4 levels than the cases of respiratory allergy, who in turn had higher titres than the normal group. There was within each group a tendency for men to have more total IgG4 than women and the difference was statistically significant among the normals. There was evidence of an IgG4 restricted response in atopic eczema because despite the group's elevated total IgG4 its total IgG4 remained within normal limits. Furthermore specific IgG4 was correlated with the corresponding specific IgE level in five of the 10 allergens examined. These results are generally consistent with the view that IgG4 levels are raised in cases of atopic eczema due to prolonged exposure to an allergen which initiated an IgE response.
Prolactin receptor expression in mouse dorsal root ganglia neuronal subtypes is sex‐dependent (2019)

Sensory neurones exhibit sex-dependent responsiveness to prolactin (PRL). This could contribute to sexual dimorphism in pathological pain conditions. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying sex-dependent PRL sensitivity in sensory neurones. A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction shows that prolactin receptor (Prlr) long and short isoform mRNAs are expressed at comparable levels in female and male mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In Prlr<sup>cre/+</sup> ;Rosa26<sup>LSL-tDTomato/+</sup> reporter mice, percentages of Prlr<sup>+</sup> sensory neurones in female and male DRG are also similar. Characterisation of Prlr<sup>+</sup> DRG neurones using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology revealed that Prlr<sup>+</sup> DRG neurones are mainly peptidergic nociceptors in females and males. However, sensory neurone type-dependent expression of Prlr is sex dimorphic. Thus, Prlr<sup>+</sup> populations fell into three small- and two medium-large-sized sensory neuronal groups. Prlr<sup>+</sup> DRG neurones are predominantly medium-large sized in males and are proportionally more comprised of small-sized sensory neurones in females. Specifically, Prlr<sup>+</sup> /IB4<sup>+</sup> /CGRP<sup>+</sup> neurones are four- to five-fold higher in numbers in female DRG. By contrast, Prlr<sup>+</sup> /IB4<sup>-</sup> /CGRP<sup>+</sup> /5HT3a<sup>+</sup> /NPYR2<sup>-</sup> are predominant in male DRG. Prlr<sup>+</sup> /IB4<sup>-</sup> /CGRP<sup>-</sup> , Prlr<sup>+</sup> /IB4<sup>-</sup> /CGRP<sup>+</sup> and Prlr<sup>+</sup> /IB4<sup>-</sup> /CGRP<sup>+</sup> /NPYR2<sup>+</sup> neurones are evenly encountered in female and male DRG. These differences were confirmed using an independently generated single-cell sequencing dataset. Overall, we propose a novel mechanism by which sensory neurone type-dependent expression of Prlr could explain the unique sex dimorphism in responsiveness of nociceptors to PRL.
Finding similar files in large document repositories (2005)

Hewlett-Packard has many millions of technical support documents in a variety of collections. As part of content management, such collections are periodically merged and groomed. In the process, it becomes important to identify and weed out support documents that are largely duplicates of newer versions. Doing so improves the quality of the collection, eliminates chaff from search results, and improves customer satisfaction.The technical challenge is that through workflow and human processes, the knowledge of which documents are related is often lost. We required a method that could identify similar documents based on their content alone, without relying on metadata, which may be corrupt or missing.We present an approach for finding similar files that scales up to large document repositories. It is based on chunking the byte stream to find unique signatures that may be shared in multiple files. An analysis of the file-chunk graph yields clusters of related files. An optional bipartite graph partitioning algorithm can be applied to greatly increase scalability.
Building a photo-realistic virtual world using view-dependent images and models (2003)

Describes a new approach for building a photorealistic virtual world based on the real world. Using an image capturing system mounted on a vehicle, we have assembled a vast image database with global position and orientation information. However, if we store all the images taken from various users' viewpoints, we might exhaust the resources. Thus, it is important to generate novel images from finite image data sets. For this purpose, we believe that a view-dependent "subjective" virtual space is sufficient, and an "objective" virtual space is not imperative. Based on this concept, we propose a view-dependent image projection method and a 3D layer presumption method to generate a subjective virtual space. By using these methods, we succeeded in constructing a photorealistic virtual world. Both methods yield only a local model of the entire virtual world. However, by changing the local models according to the user's viewpoint, the user can move around a wider area. In this paper, we demonstrate that this kind of subjective model is practical and sufficient to construct a wide photorealistic virtual world.
Block-Based Parallel Intra Prediction Scheme for HEVC (2012)

Advanced video coding standards have become widely deployed in numerous products, such as multimedia service, broadcasting, mobile television, video conferences, surveillance systems and so on. New compression techniques are gradually included in video coding standards so that a 50% compression rate reduction is achievable every ten years. However, dramatically increased computational complexity is one of the many problems brought by the trend. With recent advancement of VLSI (the Very Large Scale Integration) semiconductor technology contributing to the emerging digital multimedia word, this paper intends to investigate efficient parallel architecture for the emerging high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard to speed up the intra coding process, without any prediction modes ignored. Parallelism is achieved by limiting the reference pixels of the 4 × 4 subblocks, allowing the subblocks to use different direction modes to predict the residuals. Experimental implementations of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by using a set of video test sequences that are widely used and freely available. The results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a satisfying intra parallelism without any significant performance lose.
New Western Spiders (1919)

Most of the new forms of spiders described below were found in collections made by the writer in Utah in the latter part of August and the early part of September, 1917. The collections were made on Chalk Creek in the Uintah Mts., at elevations of from 7,300 to 10,000 ft. and at and near Fillmore, Millard Co. In addition to the spiders from Utah, a number of new forms from other localities noted while identifying the collections mentioned are here described.
A novel, open access, elliptical cross-section magnet for paediatric MRI (1998)

Almost all clinical magnetic resonance imaging systems are based on circular cross-section magnets. Recent advances in elliptical cross-section RF probe and gradient coil hardware raise the question of the possibility of using elliptical cross-section magnet systems. This paper presents a methodology for calculating rapidly the magnetic fields generated by a multi-turn coil of elliptical cross-section and incorporates this in a stochastic optimization method for magnet design. An open magnet system of elliptical cross-section is designed that both reduces the claustrophobia for the patients and allows ready access by attending physicians. The magnet system is optimized for paediatric use. The coil geometry produced by the optimization method has several novel features.
NeuroNER: an easy-to-use program for named-entity recognition based on neural networks (2017)

Named-entity recognition (NER) aims at identifying entities of interest in a text. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently been shown to outperform existing NER systems. However, ANNs remain challenging to use for non-expert users. In this paper, we present NeuroNER, an easyto-use named-entity recognition tool based on ANNs. Users can annotate entities using a graphical web-based user interface (BRAT): the annotations are then used to train an ANN, which in turn predict entities' locations and categories in new texts. NeuroNER makes this annotationtraining-prediction flow smooth and accessible to anyone.
An NADH-linked spectrophotometric assay for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in crude tissue homogenates. (1981)

A spectrophotometric assay for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex has been developed, which measures NADH production by coupling it to the reduction of a tetrazolium dye via an intermediate electron carrier. The procedure uses only commercial reagents. Dependence on pyruvate, coenzyme A, and NAD is complete, and activities are comparable to those obtained by other procedures with both purified (rat kidney mitochondria) and crude (mouse brain homogenate) preparations. These dye-coupled procedures are potentially applicable to assays of other NADH-producing dehydrogenases in crude preparations.
Polysilicon TFT active matrix organic EL displays (1997)

Organic light emitting diodes are a new flat panel display technology that offers high luminescent efficiencies. In this paper, with aspects of this new technology are reviewed and the limitations of the currently used passive matrix addressing are identified. New active matrix addressed organic light emitting diode displays are proposed that are based on the polysilicon TFT technology. Different polysilicon TFT active matrix pixel structures for OLED applications are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The characteristics of fabricated polysilicon TFT arrays for driving OLED are presented.
Cloning of a Gene Cluster Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Diterpene Aphidicolin, a Specific Inhibitor of DNA Polymerase α (2004)

The fungal diterpene, aphidicolin, is a well-known specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. Terpenoids are an important class of natural products. However, identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster in terpenoids is relatively rare compared with another important class of natural products, polyketides. To explore a reliable identification method for the biosynthetic gene cluster in fungal diterpenoids, cloning of the biosynthetic gene cluster of aphidicolin was employed. The application of a simple PCR method for genome walking based on the sequence of cDNA encoding aphidicolan-16beta-ol synthase (ACS) allowed us to analyze a 15.6-kb region of the Phoma betae genomic DNA. Six ORFs, PbGGS, ACS, PbP450-1, PbP450-2, PbTP, and PbTF were found in this region, and respectively expected to encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, diterpene synthase, two cytochrome P-450s, the transporter and transcription factor. Their amino acid sequences and introns were deduced by a corresponding cDNA analysis. This study shows that simple PCR-based genome walking without constructing a genomic DNA library is useful for identification of a small gene cluster. We propose a general strategy for the cloning the biosynthetic genes of fungal diterpenoids by using fungal GGS.
Uptake and release of 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine by platelets in affective illness (1971)

In the search for paradigms of postulated abnormalities in indolamine function in the brain in affective disorders, 5-HT uptake and release was estimated in platelets from patients suffering from severe depressive illness. Neither of these measures was altered by the illness and the most likely explanation for the negative findings was that in this setting platelets are not a suitable model.
Mechanism-Based Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Branched-Chain Aminotransferase by d- and l-Cycloserine (2017)

The branched-chain aminotransferase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of all three branched-chain amino acids, l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine, in bacteria. We have investigated the mechanism of inactivation of the branched-chain aminotransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtIlvE) by d- and l-cycloserine. d-Cycloserine is currently used only in the treatment of multidrug-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Our results show a time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of MtIlvE by both isomers, with l-cycloserine being a 40-fold better inhibitor of the enzyme. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies revealed that l-cycloserine is a 10-fold better inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth than d-cycloserine. In addition, we have crystallized the MtIlvE-d-cycloserine inhibited enzyme, determining the structure to 1.7 Å. The structure of the covalent d-cycloserine-PMP adduct bound to MtIlvE reveals that the d-cycloserine ring is planar and aromatic, as previously observed for other enzyme systems. Mass spectrometry reveals that both the d-cycloserine- and l-cycloserine-PMP complexes have the same mass, and are likely to be the same aromatized, isoxazole product. However, the kinetics of formation of the MtIlvE d-cycloserine-PMP and MtIlvE l-cycloserine-PMP adducts are quite different. While the kinetics of the formation of the MtIlvE d-cycloserine-PMP complex can be fit to a single exponential, the formation of the MtIlvE l-cycloserine-PMP complex occurs in two steps. We propose a chemical mechanism for the inactivation of d- and l-cycloserine which suggests a stereochemically determined structural role for the differing kinetics of inactivation. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of d-cycloserine's activity against M. tuberculosis may be more complicated than previously thought and that d-cycloserine may compromise the in vivo activity of multiple PLP-dependent enzymes, including MtIlvE.