gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of severe vs mild GBA mutations on Parkinson disease (2015)

These data demonstrate that mild and severe heterozygous GBA mutations differentially affect the risk and the AAO of PD. Our results have important implications for genetic counseling and clinical follow-up.
Characteristics of platelet indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared with C reactive protein in patients with cerebral infarction: a retrospective analysis of comparing haematological parameters and C reactive protein (2014)

MPV, NLR and ESR showed significant correlation with CRP in patients with cerebral infarction. MPV and NLR are cost-effective and simple parameters that can be attainable by using an automatic haematology analyser. Further well-designed and large-scale prospective studies are warranted to evaluate platelet indices or NLR for monitoring patients with cerebral infarction.
AC-DC converter with worldwide range input voltage by series and parallel piezoelectric transformer connection (2005)

Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) have been seen as an attractive solution to reduce size and weight in AC-DC converters. This paper presents a PT AC-DC converter scheme that can operate over a worldwide range of input voltage by series and parallel PT connection with simple control scheme. With the analysis and experiment, it is verified that the scheme is available.
SEMEDS (scanning electron microscope educators) (1994)

SEMEDS is a motivational science program which was initiated in 1989 at the Air Force`s Wright Laboratory, Aeronautical Systems Center. The program utilizes hands-on experience with high power scanning electron microscopes to stimulate students and demonstrate that science is fun. The program is run by employees at the laboratory who volunteer their own time to assist the students on the microscopes, explain the chemistry, physics and materials science involved, provide possible explanations for features observed with the microscopes, and describe their own education and jobs as scientists, engineers, and technical managers. Teachers from area junior and senior high schools bring students after school hours to the laboratory. The students are divided into groups of three to six and assigned a microscope. Each microscope is monitored by an experienced operator who assists the students and provides explanations. Enthusiasm and personal testimony by teachers and students have demonstrated the success of this rapidly growing program.
On Combining Mesh Redistribution With H-Adaptivity. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
HUMAN AND RAT MYOCARDIUM REDUCES NITRITE TO NITRIC OXIDE UNDER ISCHAEMIC CONDITIONS, IN A PROCESS DEPENDENT ON XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE (2004)

Webb, A. J.1,2,3; Bond, R.3; Uppal, R.1; Benjamin, N.1,2,3; Ahluwalia, A.2,3 Author Information
Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration: Technical and Economic Reviews (2003)

Abstract Geological sequestration is a potential technology to reduce large amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are essentially carbon dioxide (CO2) released from stationary industrial sources such as petroleum extractive plants or fossil-fired power plants. Sequestering CO2 from a natural gas development involves separating CO2 from hydrocarbon gases, dehydrating and compressing CO2, transporting it via pipeline to injection site, re-compressing if applicable, injecting it into geological reservoirs and monitoring its movement and behaviour after sequestration. Chemical absorption using amines is the most widely used technology to date for separating CO2 from natural gas. Current researches focus on other technologies, especially membrane technologies. Reservoir and geology studies are to optimize the sequestration process and to predict the movement of the injected CO2 in the reservoirs. Monitoring the injected CO2 after sequestration is to ensure that CO2 is retained in the reservoirs. The costs of sequestration could vary from below US$5 to over US$20 per tonne of CO2, which largely depends on the amount of CO2, distance and reservoir properties. Economic results are in favor of large CO2 flow rate, short distance and high injectivity reservoirs. These costs exclude the separation costs which are considered to be part of the natural gas processing because CO2 must be reduced to a certain level (e.g. 2% by volume) before selling the natural gas even if no sequestration is needed. Cost per tonne of CO2 sequestered could be translated into the incremental costs of producing natural gas if we know the CO2 volume fraction in raw natural gas. For instance, as a rough estimate, sequestering the CO2 from a 25% CO2 by volume raw natural gas field would increase the costs of natural gas production by US¢9/Mcf to US¢35/Mcf of processed natural gas.
Stimulation of Luteal Mitochondrial Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage by Cardiolipin* (1982)

The effects of exogenous phospholipids upon steroid hormone synthesis by rat luteal mitochondria and mitochondrial acetone powders were studied. Cardiolipin, added as a dispersion, to intact mitochondria prepared from ovaries of PMS gonadotropin-hCG-primed immature rats produced a significant (up to 4-fold) stimulation of net steroid synthesis. A number of other phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol-4'-phosphate, either had no striking effect upon steroid synthesis or inhibited it. The stimulatory effects of cardiolipin were dose dependent, with maximal stimulation observed at 100-200 microM. Whether mitochondria were prepared from the ovaries of rats acutely treated with cycloheximide, hCG, or vehicle, cardiolipin stimulated steroid production to the same absolute value. Exogenous cardiolipin caused a pronounced increase (6-fold) in steroid synthesis by mitochondrial acetone powders, while phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol-4'-phosphate produced a much smaller increase. Although exogenous cardiolipin was clearly shown to stimulate mitochondrial steroidogenesis, treatments that acutely altered the capacity of rat luteal mitochondria to produce steroids in vitro, such as hCG (stimulation) or cycloheximide (inhibition) administration, did not affect the phospholipid composition of the mitochondrial fractions or the in vivo incorporation of 32PO4 into mitochondrial cardiolipin. We conclude that exogenous cardiolipin can be a potent stimulator of luteal mitochondrial steroidogenesis. While this polar lipid may be an endogenous activator of cholesterol side-chain cleavage, the acute effects of tropic hormones and protein synthesis inhibitors on steroidogenesis do not appear to be mediated by major changes in the mitochondrial content of cardiolipin.
Airborne laser (1996)

The Airborne Laser (ABL) under development by the United States Air Force is described. The ABL consists of a multi-megawatt Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser and multimeter beam director installed on a widebody aircraft. The ABL Demonstrator will demonstrate the ability to integrate scalable/traceable technologies into a useable weapon system shortly after the turn of the century. The legacy of the ABL from the earlier Airborne Laser Laboratory (ALL) is discussed as well as the advances in technology which have occurred since which enable the ABL to achieve much larger effective ranges than were achieved using the ALL. The integration of the ABL into the theater battle is also discussed.
Compact Shaped Dual-Reflector System For Military Ka-band SATCOM on the move (2011)

Abstract — A compact, on the move, SATCOM terminal for the military Ka-band has been successfully designed, implemented and tested. It allows two-way communications at Ka-band while the vehicle is in motion over rough terrains. A compact, complex, tracking system ensures that the antenna keeps pointing at the satellite while the vehicle is on the move. I.
Sequence requirements for incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus Gag‐β‐galactosidase fusion proteins into virus‐like particles (1999)

The incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-β-galactosidase (Gag-β-gal; GBG) fusion proteins into HIV virus-like particles in the presence of HIV Gag proteins was studied. HIV Gag-β-gal fusion constructs were cotransfected individually into COS7 cells with or without an HIV Gag protein expression plasmid. Release of HIV GBG fusion proteins from the cells were measured by assay of the medium versus intracellular β-gal activities. Analysis indicates that fusion proteins (constructs HIVGBG, GBG 1919 and 1877) retaining the C-terminal portion of the CA and the adjacent NC domains were efficiently assembled into virus-like particles. Fusion proteins with deleted sequences covering the N-terminal portions of the gag sequences (GBG 831, 1147, 1419, 1447, 1511, 1552, 1600, 1630, 1684, 1715, and 1752) were impaired in entry into virus-like particles. The presence of CA major homology region (MHR) in the fusion proteins had no significant effects on inducing fusion protein incorporation when the C-terminal CA sequences in the fusion proteins were truncated (GBG 1841 and 1801). Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that most fusion proteins including the nonmyristylated one were enriched in the crude membrane fraction. Exceptions to this rule were fusion proteins with intact MHR but truncated C-terminal CA sequences, which possessed low levels of membrane association. However, assembly of fusion proteins into HIV Gag particles did not correlate with their subcellular fractionation or immunofluorescence localization patterns. Overall, the studies suggest that the very C-terminal CA and adjacent NC sequences are the primary determinants for incorporation of HIV Gag-β-gal fusion proteins into virus particles. J. Med. Virol. 59:180–188, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A detailed gene map of pig chromosome 4, where the first quantitative trait locus in livestock was mapped (2004)

The first quantitative trait locus (QTL) in pigs, FAT1, was found on chromosome 4 using a wild-boar intercross. Further mapping has refined the FAT1 QTL to a region conserved on both human chromosome 1 and 8. We have now improved the comparative map of the entire SSC4 by mapping 105 loci to pig chromosome 4 (SSC4) and defined the specific human chromosome region with conservation to FAT1, using a combination of physical and linkage mapping. These types of analysis have resulted in maps with very good agreement. Comparative analysis revealed that the gene order is very well conserved across SSC4 compared to both human chromosome 1 (HSA1) and to HSA8. This refined SSC4 map and the comparative analysis will be a great aid in the search for the candidate genes for the FAT1 locus.
Synthesis of Silica Coatings on Bismuth (III) Telluride Sheets. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Kinetically controlled E -selective catalytic olefin metathesis (2016)

A major shortcoming in olefin metathesis, a chemical process that is central to research in several branches of chemistry, is the lack of efficient methods that kinetically favor E isomers in the product distribution. Here we show that kinetically E-selective cross-metathesis reactions may be designed to generate thermodynamically disfavored alkenyl chlorides and fluorides in high yield and with exceptional stereoselectivity. With 1.0 to 5.0 mole % of a molybdenum-based catalyst, which may be delivered in the form of air- and moisture-stable paraffin pellets, reactions typically proceed to completion within 4 hours at ambient temperature. Many isomerically pure E-alkenyl chlorides, applicable to catalytic cross-coupling transformations and found in biologically active entities, thus become easily and directly accessible. Similarly, E-alkenyl fluorides can be synthesized from simpler compounds or more complex molecules.
Radioimmunotherapy with engineered antibodies (2004)

Although the advent of monoclonal antibody technology in the 1970s provided the means to specifically target radioisotopes to tumours, the initial clinical evaluations of radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) were largely unsuccessful. Over the past few decades, molecular biology techniques have advanced sufficiently to allow scientists to re-engineer antibodies to address the factors that were believed to be responsible for the failures of the early radioimmunotherapy trials. This review addresses the recent advances in antibody engineering and in RAIT strategies that have brought this field to the brink of success.
Democratizing data science through data science training (2017)

The biomedical sciences have experienced an explosion of data which promises to overwhelm many current practitioners. Without easy access to data science training resources, biomedical researchers may find themselves unable to wrangle their own datasets. In 2014, to address the challenges posed such a data onslaught, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) initiative. To this end, the BD2K Training Coordinating Center (TCC; bigdatau.org) was funded to facilitate both in-person and online learning, and open up the concepts of data science to the widest possible audience. Here, we describe the activities of the BD2K TCC and its focus on the construction of the Educational Resource Discovery Index (ERuDIte), which identifies, collects, describes, and organizes online data science materials from BD2K awardees, open online courses, and videos from scientific lectures and tutorials. ERuDIte now indexes over 9,500 resources. Given the richness of online training materials and the constant evolution of biomedical data science, computational methods applying information retrieval, natural language processing, and machine learning techniques are required - in effect, using data science to inform training in data science. In so doing, the TCC seeks to democratize novel insights and discoveries brought forth via large-scale data science training.
Supplementary Methods and References from TG2 and NF-κB Signaling Coordinates the Survival of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells via IL6-Mediated Autophagy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study. Also includes Supplementary References.&lt;/p&gt;
Graph Theory Based Shipboard Power System Expansion Strategy for Enhanced Resilience (2018)

The next-generation ships are geared to more electrification than ever before. In an all-electric ship, the design and planning of a shipboard power system (SPS) is critical for ensuring survivability against any physical attacks on the power lines. Therefore, enhancing the system resilience against malicious physical attacks is a pressing problem of the SPS. This paper proposes a graph theory based power line expansion strategy. The proposed method simultaneously maximizes the algebraic connectivity and weighted max-flow from generator nodes to load nodes in the graphical representation of the SPS. Furthermore, the proposed strategy is compared against a baseline strategy for reducing the operational cost. Several tests are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategy on a shipboard direct current power system.
Formation and dissolution of hen egg white lysozyme amyloid fibrils in protic ionic liquids (2009)

The formation of amyloid fibrils from non-disease-related proteins demonstrates that any protein can adopt this "rogue" form; we show that it is possible to use protic ionic liquids to fibrilize hen egg white lysozyme, and then subsequently to dissolve the fibrils with up to 72% restoration of enzymatic activity.
Forced-Response Verification of the Inherent Damping in Additive Manufactured Specimens (2018)

The laser powder bed fusion AM process has been used to manufacture beams with unique internal geometries that are capable of increasing inherent damping in a part. The concept of the internal design is to have densely packed, unfused powder pockets that dissipate energy via particle interaction. Four Inconel (IN) 718 beams have been tested and all demonstrated the capability to suppress vibration 10X more effectively than a fully fused beam. The mechanism presumed to dissipate energy and thus suppress vibration is the sliding of unfused particles. This mechanism has been associated with a crack opening under Mode II fracture. Based on this assumption, a proportional expression has been developed as a criterion for optimizing unfused powder locations for vibration suppression effectiveness and was validated with 3.175 mm thick beams. This study investigates five uniquely designed IN-718 beams created via the optimizing criterion to assess accuracy of the expression. The intent of this study is to investigate the predictability of the unfused pocket optimization criterion. The results of this study will lead to a more robust design criterion for more complex 3D structures with improved damping capability.
Catenary nanostructures as compact Bessel beam generators (2016)

Non-diffracting Bessel beams, including zero-order and high-order Bessel Beams which carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), enable a variety of important applications in optical micromanipulation, sub-diffraction imaging, high speed photonics/quantum communication, etc. The commonly used ways to create Bessel beams, including an axicon or a digital hologram written to a spatial light modulator (SLM), have great challenges to operate at the nanoscale. Here we theoretically design and experimentally demonstrate one kind of planar Bessel beam generators based on metasurfaces with analytical structures perforated in ultra-thin metallic screens. Continuous phase modulation between 0 to 2π is realized with a single element. In addition, due to the dispersionless phase shift stemming from spin-orbit interaction, the proposed device can work in a wide wavelength range. The results may find applications in future optical communication, nanofabrication and super-resolution imaging, etc.
Photochromism of fulgides and stereoelectronic factors: Synthesis of (E)‐4(3)‐adamantyhdene‐(5)‐dicyanomethylene‐3(4)‐[1‐(2,5‐dimethylfuryl)ethylidene]tetrahydrofuran‐2‐one 4 and 4a and (E)‐4‐adamantylidene‐3‐[2,6‐dimethyl‐3,5‐bis(p‐diethyl‐aminostyryl)benzylidene]tetrahydrofuran‐2,5‐dione 10 (1995)

Abstract In the search for fulgides with potential semiconductor laser compatibility, 4‐adamantylidene‐5‐dicyanomemylene‐3‐[1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐furyl)ethylidene]tetrahydrofuran‐2‐one ( 4 ), along with its regioisomer 4a , have been synthesized from the corresponding fulgide 6 containing a succinic anhydride ring by reaction with malononitrile in the presence of diethylamine. Upon irradiation with a uv light at λ max 350 run, a mixture of 4 and 4a revealed a considerably enhanced bathochromic shift to the visible region, λ max 605 nm as compared with the starting fulgide 6 which, upon analogous uv irradiation, absorbed at λ max 515 nm. In the search for semiconductor‐laser‐compatible fulgides with increased efficiency for the reverse bleaching reaction, another fulgide ( E )–adamantylidene‐3‐[2,6‐dimethyl‐3,5‐bis( p ‐diethylaminostyryl)‐benzylidene]tetrahydrofuran‐2,5‐dione ( 10 ) was synthesized in seven steps starting from 2‐bromo‐ m ‐xylene. However, 10 failed to undergo electrocyclic ring‐closure upon irradiation with a uv light at λ max 350 nm. The analogous fulgide 8 , which contains an isopropylidene functionality in place of the adamantyl group of 10 , was resynthesized for comparison, and showed two absorption maxima, one at 545 nm and the other at 620 nm. The missing physico‐chemical data for 8 have also been provided.
Active immunization against virus infections due to antigenic drift by induction of crossreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1989)

We have examined whether active immunization with c13 protein, a hybrid protein of the first 81 amino acids of the viral NS1 nonstructural protein and the HA2 subunit of A/PR/8 (H1N1) hemagglutinin, could protect BALB/c mice from challenge with A/PR/8 H1 subtype virus. Mice immunized with the c13 protein had a significant reduction of pulmonary virus titers with A/PR/8 (H1) virus, but failed to limit the replication of A/PC (H3) virus, which reflects the in vitro CTL activity of c13 immune spleen cells. We observed that the epitope recognized by HA2 specific CTL, which are induced by a derivative of c13 protein, is highly conserved among H1 and H2 subtype virus strains. This led us to test whether active immunization with c13 protein would also limit pulmonary virus replication in mice infected with the A/TW virus, a virus of the H1 subtype, which was isolated in 1986, and with a virus of the H2 subtype, A/Japan/305/57. Immunized mice had significantly lower lung virus titers than did control mice, and did not possess any neutralizing antibodies to the challenger viruses. These results indicate that active immunization with a fusion protein containing the cross-reactive CTL epitope protects mice from influenza infection by inducing CTL against influenza A H1 and H2 subtype virus strains, which markedly vary in their antibody binding sites on the HA1. The ability to induce active cross-reactive immunization with a fusion protein which contains a highly conserved CTL epitope offers a model for vaccine approaches against viruses which undergo significant variations in their antibody binding sites.
ENGINEERING AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF MICROTUBULES (2011)

Living organisms are fascinating systems. The macromolecules that make up a living cell possess equally astounding structural and functional characteristics. By taking simple cues from how these biopolymers organize and work inside the cell, one can draw inspiration to utilize them outside their natural environment for several purposes. Microtubules are example of biopolymers that demonstrate extraordinary properties of hierarchical self-organization, dynamic remodeling and mechanical rigidity. Mimicking the principles and properties of microtubules and improving them have opened novel engineering avenues. In addition, due to the functions that microtubules perform during cell division, they are excellent therapeutic drug targets for anticancer agents. In this work, we describe the biological properties and functions of microtubules, and discuss their engineering and therapeutic applications.
Analysis of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage Produced Water using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2011)

The recycling of water coproduced during in situ bitumen production is one of the primary operating challenges for steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations in oil sand reserves. Produced water that is either recycled for steam production or disposed of may be subject to different water quality requirements for the purposes of plant operations or environmental regulations. The organic components dissolved and suspended in the produced water are a fingerprint of the bitumen-in-place, the processing conditions utilized during production, and the chemicals used by operators during operations. Analysis of SAGD produced water using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with electron ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2DGC-TOFMS) showed a wide variety of organic constituents within the water sample. Compounds ranging from C6 to C18 straight chain and branched aliphatics to more polar, water-soluble, oxygen- and sulfur- heteroatomic species were tentatively identified. Methyl- and ethyl-phenols were prevalent constituents eluting in the heteroatomic region of the chromatographic contour plot. Sample extraction conditions that enhanced partitioning of polar organic species resulted in a significantly larger amount of compounds being detected by this approach. These results show how this method is complementary to more widely used analytical techniques, which cannot provide a comprehensive view of the broad range of compounds within oilfield produced water using a single method.
Miniature silicon resonant pressure sensor (1988)

An absolute barometric pressure sensor which has shown exceptional performance is described in the paper. It consists of a mechanical resonator whose resonant frequency is changed by strain induced by applied pressure. The active element is formed in one piece, from single-crystal silicon, by microengineering techniques. It has a range from vacuum to a pressure of over 1 bar (105 Pa) and can resolve less than 1 part in 105 of full scale.