gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin film effects in the crystallization of CoFeB and CoFeB-based alloys (2015)

The devitrification of CoFeB thin films, where BCC α-FeCo crystallizes from the amorphous matrix, is critically important to the fabrication of successful CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which in turn are the leading candidates for scalable MRAM. Future perpendicular MRAM requires MTJs with much thinner CoFeB electrodes (~1-2nm), which may yield significant changes to the reaction kinetics and resulting diffusion profiles upon annealing as compared to in-plane devices. In this study, we have analyzed the crystallization processes of sputtered thin films of Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> and Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> -TM alloys (TM = Ta, Hf) using the increase in saturation magnetization (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) that accompanies the formation of α-FeCo. Although annealing with in-situ measurement of M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> is a common method of analysis in the study of bulk amorphous and nanocrys-talline magnetic materials, it is not well studied in thin films. We demonstrate thin film-specific effects on crystallization energetics including changes due to different nucleation surfaces and film thicknesses as well as effects analogous to those seen in bulk materials such as alloying with large transition metal species. M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> measurements represent a high throughput method for the determination of crystallization temperature which can be used to screen potential composite electrodes where a layer is placed adjacent to CoFeB in order to enhance perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) or spin transfer torque (STT). While these properties are necessary to have stable and switchable devices, respectively, CoFeB must still crystallize on the MgO surface in order to produce the large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) required by practical devices. Adjacent layers with lower crystallization temperature than those induced by the MgO interface may therefore need to be avoided.
Site-specific interaction of the murine pre-replicative complex with origin DNA: assembly and disassembly during cell cycle transit and differentiation (2007)

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at origins of replication by the assembly of the highly conserved pre-replicative complex (pre-RC). However, exact sequences for pre-RC binding still remain unknown. By chromatin immunoprecipitation we identified in vivo a pre-RC-binding site within the origin of bidirectional replication in the murine rDNA locus. At this sequence, ORC1, -2, -4 and -5 are bound in G1 phase and at the G1/S transition. During S phase, ORC1 is released. An ATP-dependent and site-specific assembly of the pre-RC at origin DNA was demonstrated in vitro using partially purified murine pre-RC proteins in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. By deletion experiments the sequence required for pre-RC binding was confined to 119 bp. Nucleotide substitutions revealed that two 9 bp sequence elements, CTCGGGAGA, are essential for the binding of pre-RC proteins to origin DNA within the murine rDNA locus. During myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, we demonstrated a reduction of ORC1 and ORC2 by immunoblot analyses. ChIP analyses revealed that ORC1 completely disappears from chromatin of terminally differentiated myotubes, whereas ORC2, -4 and -5 still remain associated.
Electrochemical Removal of NOx on Pt-Ba Impregnated Lscf/GDC Electrode (2016)

The NO x (mainly NO and NO 2 ) pollutions that come from the exhaust of the thermal engines can give rise to a serious threat to the environment and human health. The design of more efficient and stable catalysts to reduce NO x to nitrogen in atmospheres containing excess oxygen (typically, from exhaust gas emitted by diesel and lean-burn gasoline engines) has attracted so much attention in the last years. The two actual technologies are using an additional reducing agent to remove NOx, i.e. Diesel fuel post-injection for the NOx storage reduction process and urea for the selective catalytic reduction. An alternative solution could be the electrochemical reduction of NOx in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) [1,2] that can save the huge reducing agents storage system. This study reports the electrochemical properties for NO x reduction of a Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting (MIEC) porous electrode promoted by Pt nanoparticles, as efficient catalyst for oxidation reactions, and BaO, as sorbents to store NO x . Pt and BaO nanoparticles were finely dispersed in the porosity of a MIEC film, based on a composite between LSCF (La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3-δ ) and GDC (Gd 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 ), which was deposited using screen-printing. This catalytic layer was interfaced on a dense pellet of gadolinium doped ceria (GDC), an O 2- ionic conductor. The Ba and Pt loadings were around and 150 and 5 µg/cm², respectively. The catalytic performances, upon positive and negative polarizations, have been measured as a function of temperature in the range 200°C-500°C, partial pressure of oxygen and in the presence of propene in the feed. The NO x electrochemical conversion into N 2 was found to be driven by the current (Figure 1) and the catalytic activity of the electrode for NO oxidation. In parallel, electrochemical properties have been carried out by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the electrocatalytic mechanism. Finally, the Pt and BaO nanoparticles in the LSCF/GDC film were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy. References T.J. Huang, C.Y. Wu, S.H. Hsu, C.C. Wu, Energy Environ. Sci. , 4 , 4061 (2011). R. M. L. Werchmeister, J. J. Bentzen, K. B. Andersen, and K. Kammer Hansen, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 161(10) H663-H669 (2014) Figure 1
Prone Provocative Testing for Narrow Angle Glaucoma (1972)

Groups of patients with suspiciously narrow angles, open angle glaucoma, and normal subjects were subjected to a variety of provocative tests for angle closure. The prone provocative test, which apparently involves nonmydriatic mechanisms, was found to yield an approximately 50% incidence of positive provocative tests in the narrow angle group. The incidence of false positives in open angle glaucomatous and normal patients was negligible. When prone testing was combined with dark room provocative tests, the incidence of positives was approximately 90% in narrow angle patients. Prone provocative testing would appear to be a useful addition to the diagnostic armamentarium for narrow angle glaucoma.
Post-operative wireless implants for monitoring, detection and treatment (2011)

The result of the surgery can be seen after a couple of days when complications may occur. Doctors would like to have a tool to monitor and treat the patient during those days, while nowadays for many type of surgeries they can only wait. The authors of this paper are developing the wireless platform which will provide the monitoring and treatment in post-operative cases/patients. The implant includes wireless communication, battery free powering and readout data from the implant to the external system and is mounted on a flexible substrate for the implantation. This generic wireless platform has been applied to few medical applications, namely, Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT), the measurement of Oxygen (pO2), Carbon dioxide (pCO2) and temperature in tissue after an operation.
Human brain fluoxetine concentrations (1993)

Data on 22 subjects treated with fluoxetine suggest that magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of fluorine-19 can measure brain concentrations of fluoxetine/norfluoxetine in vivo. Fluoxetine accumulates in the human brain relative to plasma, with brain concentrations of fluoxetine/norfluoxetine ranging up to 10.7 micrograms/ml. Brain concentrations may reach a plateau between 6 and 8 months of treatment. The apparent concentration in brain relative to plasma is 20:1, roughly parallel to brain antidepressant concentration ratios in animal studies.
Rib Design for Kirchhoff's Plate Inspired by Venation Configuration (2012)

A new reinforcement distribution design method inspired by venation configuration is discussed in the paper. Learned from dicotyledonous venation, venation growing algorithm is proposed, minimization of strain energy and shear stress determine growth direction of the mainveins and subveins respectively. Vectorial equilibrium equation is used to calculate vein widths and adjust the orientation of vein cells slightly. Sensitivity number is used to measure the change in strain energy and shear stress when a vein cell grows, necessary equations are derived for bending Kirchhoffs plate. Several examples are design for venation-like rib distribution. The resultant rib layout by VGA is applicable and effective.
Cell surface expression of the 70-kD component of Ku, a DNA-binding nuclear autoantigen. (1990)

The Ku complex, a heterodimer of 86- and 70-kD proteins, is a nuclear DNA-binding autoantigen. However, hydrophobicity analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 70-kD protein had strongly suggested that this might also be a membrane protein. In the present study, using antibodies to synthetic peptides and a polyclonal antiserum to the purified protein, we show that the 70-kD protein of the Ku complex is present in isolated plasma membranes of human cells. By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescein-activated cell sorting, we demonstrate that this autoantigen is exposed on the cell surface. In addition, we have identified several domains of the protein that are exposed. Our study provides one of the first demonstrations of a eukaryotic, nuclear DNA-binding protein that is also on the cell membrane. Moreover, our results might help explain how autoantibodies to the Ku autoantigen could target cells for an autoimmune attack.
Effect of anesthesia on cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in neonates with critical congenital heart disease (2016)

We quantified the effect of anesthesia on cerebral oxygen saturation and blood flow in infants with congenital heart disease. We find that both ScO2 and CBF decrease after induction of anesthesia independent of cardiac diagnosis.
Fisiología de la Cognición y su Relación con el Síndrome de la Disritmia Tálamocortical (2003)

&lt;p&gt;Uno de los aspectos esenciales de la organización neuronal en la función global del cerebro es la rica interconectividad tálamocortical y muy particularmente la naturaleza recíproca de este circuito. Además, la interacción entre los sistemas talámicos específicos e inespecíficos a nivel cortical sugiere que el tálamo, más que una simple compuerta para el cerebro, representa un epicentro mediante el cual todas las áreas corticales pueden comunicarse entre sí de modo isocrónico con independencia de la distancia transcortical.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Los objetivos de este artículo son explorar:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1) la propuesta de que la coincidencia temporal, a gran escala, de la actividad talámica específica e inespecífica genera los estados funcionales que caracterizan la cognición humana; y&lt;br /&gt;2) la posible relación entre la disritmia tálamocortical y algunas enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Characterization of Bimetallic Single‐Source Precursors (Ph3P)2M(µ‐SEt)2E(SEt)2for MES2Chalcopyrite Materials (M = Cu, Ag and E = In, Ga, Al) (2017)

We report the synthesis and characterization of I–III bimetallic complexes (Ph 3 P) 2 M(µ‐SEt) 2 E(SEt) 2 (M = Cu, Ag and E = In, Ga, Al), as well as (Ph 3 P) 2 M(µ‐Cl) 2 ECl 2 complexes isolated during their syntheses. The thiolate complexes can be used as single‐source precursors (SSPs) to prepare various I–III chalcogenide semiconductor materials. The preparation of some SSPs of the series required minor variation in the reaction conditions. The organometallic complexes were structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The SSPs are compared in terms of their solid‐state structures, basic reactivity, and potential suitability as precursors for chalcopyrite materials.
Delayed Phenotypic Expression of Growth Hormone Transgenesis during Early Ontogeny in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)? (2014)

Should growth hormone (GH) transgenic Atlantic salmon escape, there may be the potential for ecological and genetic impacts on wild populations. This study compared the developmental rate and respiratory metabolism of GH transgenic and non-transgenic full sibling Atlantic salmon during early ontogeny; a life history period of intense selection that may provide critical insight into the fitness consequences of escaped transgenics. Transgenesis did not affect the routine oxygen consumption of eyed embryos, newly hatched larvae or first-feeding juveniles. Moreover, the timing of early life history events was similar, with transgenic fish hatching less than one day earlier, on average, than their non-transgenic siblings. As the start of exogenous feeding neared, however, transgenic fish were somewhat developmentally behind, having more unused yolk and being slightly smaller than their non-transgenic siblings. Although such differences were found between transgenic and non-transgenic siblings, family differences were more important in explaining phenotypic variation. These findings suggest that biologically significant differences in fitness-related traits between GH transgenic and non-transgenic Atlantic salmon were less than family differences during the earliest life stages. The implications of these results are discussed in light of the ecological risk assessment of genetically modified animals.
Semen Parameters Before and After Transurethral Surgery for Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction (1996)

Significant and durable semen quality improvement can be achieved after transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts for all surgical indications. In most unsuccessful cases the reason for failure is unclear.
Analysis of wire antennas mounted on large perfectly conducting platforms using MLFMA (2007)

The electric field integral equation (EFIE) combined with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is applied to analyze the radiation and impedance properties of wire antennas mounted on complex conducting platforms to realize fast, accurate solutions. Wire, surface and junction basis functions are used to model the current distribution on the object. Application of MLFMA reduces memory requirement and computing time compared to conventional methods, such as method of moment (MOM), especially for the antenna on a large-sized platform. Generalized minimal residual (GMRES) solver with incomplete LU factorization preconditioner using a dual dropping strategy (ILUT) is applied to reduce the iterative number. Several typical numerical examples are presented to validate this algorithm and show the accuracy and computational efficiency.
Unraveling intractable water conflicts: the entanglement of science and politics in decision-making on large hydraulic infrastructure (2020)

Abstract. The development of large infrastructure to address the water challenges of cities around the world can be a financial and social burden for many cities because of the hidden costs these works entail and social conflicts they often trigger. When conflicts erupt, science is often expected to play a key role in informing policymakers and social actors to clarify controversies surrounding policy responses to water scarcity. However, managing conflicts is a sociopolitical process, and often quantitative models are used as an attempt to depoliticize such processes, conveying the idea that optimal solutions can be objectively identified despite the many perspectives and interests at play. This raises the question as to whether science depoliticizes water conflicts or whether instead conflicts politicize science–policy processes. We use the Zapotillo dam and water transfer project in Mexico to analyze the role of science–policy processes in water conflicts. The Zapotillo project aims at augmenting urban water supply to Guadalajara and León, two large cities in western Mexico, but a social and legal conflict has stalled the project until today. To analyze the conflict and how stakeholders make sense of it, we interviewed the most relevant actors and studied the negotiations between different interest groups through participant observation. To examine the role of science–policy processes in the conflict, we mobilized concepts of epistemic uncertainty and ambiguity and analyzed the design and use of water resources models produced by key actors aiming to resolve the conflict. While the use of models is a proven method to construct future scenarios and test different strategies, the parameterization of scenarios and their results are influenced by the knowledge and/or interests of actors behind the model. We found that in the Zapotillo case, scenarios reflected the interests and strategies of actors on one side of the conflict, resulting in increased distrust of the opposing actors. We conclude that the dilemma of achieving urban water security through investing in either large infrastructure (supply augmentation) or alternative strategies (demand-side management) cannot be resolved if some key interested parties have not been involved in the scientific processes framing the problem and solution space.
Tribological and Thermal Effects of Cutting Fluid Application in Machining With Coated and Grooved Cutting Tools (2005)

The use of Cutting Fluids (CFs) in machining operations is being increasingly questioned in recent years for environmental and economic reasons, leading to efforts in promoting dry, as well as minimal quantity of lubricant (MQL), machining. However, the tribological effectiveness and thermal aspects of CF action at modern cutting conditions, which not only involve relatively high cutting speeds but also advanced tool coatings and chip-breaking geometric features, need better understanding. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the effects of different CF application methods on various machining performance measures while cutting with commercially available flat-faced, as well as grooved, uncoated and coated cemented tungsten carbide tools. CF effects under dry, flood, and MQL conditions, were gauged through their influence on cutting forces, tool temperatures, tool-chip interfacial contact, and chip morphology during machining of AISI 1045 steel. The results show new trends on the individual cooling and lubricating effects of CF application methods, and the effects of their interactions with the tool coatings and the presence/absence of chip-breaking grooves.
Automatic selection of transaxial axis for reorientation of myocardial SPECT tomograms (2002)

Reorientation of transaxial SPECT myocardial tomograms into short and vertical long axis tomograms currently requires manual selection of the transaxial reference plane and manual determination of the left ventricle's long axis orientation in that plane. To reduce the time required for this procedure and promote objectivity, an algorithm was developed to automatically determine these parameters, using an approach that models the transaxial section of the myocardium as an ellipse. Automatically determined values for the reference plane and the long axis orientation in 14 normal and 11 abnormal patients in dual isotope, Tl-201 rest and Tc-Sestamibi stress, were compared with those obtained manually, with good correlation (r=0.91, p<0.001 for the axis orientation). The algorithm may eventually allow completely automatic reorientation of myocardial SPECT studies, thereby reducing operator labor and subjectivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Trade-Offs in Highly Dynamical Transient Simulation on Engine Test Benches (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The trend to reduced development times represents a strong motivation for an extended use of dynamical engine test benches, which are used to reproduce driving conditions typically measured in the vehicle. To reproduce the engine load conditions a complex control system is used, which has an inherently different nature in comparison with the vehicle driving conditions and consequently also limitations. As a consequence, the set of possible transients is limited by the actuator limitations and the bandwidth of the control loops. Outside the admissible transients it is necessary to do a trade-off between goals, mainly between the precision of the reproduction of the engine speed and the precision of the load torque tracking. In this paper we discuss how to calculate the admissible set and how to do a trade off. Based on these cognitions we present a feedforward control algorithm which allows best performance transients simulation along the performance limits. Measurement results of the control of dynamical engine test bench with a BMW M47D diesel engine verify the method.&lt;/div&gt;
Client profiling for QoS-based Web service recommendation (2005)

Quality of service (QoS) is one of the important factors when choosing a Web service (WS) provided by a particular WS provider. In this paper we focus on performance, which is one of the important QoS attributes. Performance can be evaluated from the client-side as well as the server-side. As clients are connected through heterogeneous network environments, different clients can experience different performance although they are connected to the same WS provider. Through client grouping and profiling, performance experienced by prospective clients can be estimated based on other clients' historical performance. In this paper we present the common factors for client grouping and profiling, and present the results of the experiments we carried out to understand the effect of these factors on the performance experienced by WS clients. The experimental results show the importance of client grouping and profiling for WS recommendation and composition.
Inversion of the Neugebauer equations (1996)

The Neugebauer equations are considered as the basic physical model for printing systems and, hence, they have often been used either in their original form or in any adapted version to model color printers. The main problem with printer models is that they relate color as a function of colorant values. In practice, however, the inverse relation is needed and, hence, the printer model needs to be inverted. This is done by making use of iterative techniques and, as a result, only one colorant combination will be obtained to achieve a given color. However, in this publication it is shown that, in the case of the Neugebauer model for three colorants, there are up to six solutions with which a given color can be reached. Between these solutions there may be a number of pairs that are complex conjugated. Mathematical formulas to find all these solutions are given. The extension of this inversion technique for more than three inks and for the localized Neugebauer equations is presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.