gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An energy consumption framework for distributed java-based systems (2007)

In this paper we define and evaluate a framework for estimating the energy consumption of Java-based software systems. Our primary objective in devising the framework is to enable an engineer to make informed decisions when adapting a system's architecture, such that the energy consumption on hardware devices with a finite battery life is reduced, and the lifetime of the system's key software services increases. Our framework explicitly takes a component-based perspective, which renders it well suited for a large class of today's distributed, embedded, and pervasive applications. The framework allows the engineer to estimate the software system's energy consumption at system construction-time and refine it at runtime. In a large number of distributed application scenarios, the framework showed very good precision on the whole, giving results that were within 5% (and often less) of the actually measured power losses incurred by executing the software. Our work to date has also highlighted a number of possible enhancements
1119-P: Persistent and Heterogeneous Long-Term Effects of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Intensive Lifestyle (ILS) Intervention on Diabetes Incidence (2022)

During the three years of the DPP, ILS reduced incidence of diabetes compared with placebo in high-risk adults. Diabetes was defined using ADA criteria based on 1) annual OGTT or semi-annual fasting glucose (the primary DPP outcome, diab-G, hazard ratio (HR) =0.42 and rate difference (RD) = -6.2 cases/100 person-years) or 2) annual HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (diab‑A1C, HR=0.51 and RD = -4.2) . After DPP ended, participants were unmasked, placebo was discontinued, and all participants were offered group-based ILS and followed in the DPP Outcomes Study. We now compare the original ILS and placebo groups over a mean of 21 years since randomization. We test heterogeneity across subgroups defined by demographics and baseline glucose, HbA1c, BMI, and history of gestational diabetes and express it by interaction p-values (P-het) . During the total follow-up, ILS, compared with placebo, significantly reduced incidence of diab‑G: HR=0.76 (95% CI=0.68, 0.85) , RD= -1.62 (-2.28, -0.97) and of diab-A1C: HR=0.80 (0.70, 0.92) , RD= -1.67 (‑2.24, -1.10) . Effects on diab-G were homogenous across subgroups except for fasting glucose (P-het &amp;lt;0.01) and HbA1c (P-het &amp;lt;0.02) with greater effects at higher baseline values. By contrast, ILS reduced incidence of diab-A1C more in older than younger persons (P-het &amp;lt;0.02) , and more in men than women (P-het &amp;lt;0.03) . Notably, ILS was highly effective in reducing incidence of diab‑A1C if baseline HbA1c was already elevated (HbA1c=6.0-6.4%: HR=0.62, RD= -3.27) but ineffective if baseline HbA1c was normal by ADA criteria (HbA1c &amp;lt;5.7%: HR=1.09, RD= +0.19; P-het &amp;lt;0.001) . In sum, ILS effects on reducing incidence of diab-G and diab-A1C persisted but decreased during total follow-up from that observed during DPP (i.e., HRs and RDs closer to 1 and 0) . ILS effects on diab-G were greater in those with higher baseline fasting glucose or HbA1c. Effects on diab-A1C were greater in men, older participants, and those with higher baseline HbA1c. Disclosure W.C. Knowler: None. S. Edelstein: None. P.H. Bennett: Stock/Shareholder; Baxter INTERNTN Health Care, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., UnitedHealth Group. D. Dabelea: None. M.A. Hoskin: None. S.E. Kahn: Advisory Panel; Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc. R. Kalyani: None. C. Kim: None. S. Raghavan: None. M. Temprosa: None. E.M. Venditti: Advisory Panel; PeopleOne Health. D.M. Nathan: None. D. Research Group: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (UDK048489, UDK048339, UDK048377, UDK048349, UDK048381, UDK048468, UDK048434, UDK048485, UDK048375, UDK048514, UDK048437, UDK048413, UDK048411, UDK048406, UDK048380, UDK048397, UDK048412, UDK048404, UDK048387, UDK048407, UDK048443, and UDK048400)
Generación de vórtices ópticos en espiral en un interferómetro de Mach-Zehnder (2013)

espanolDentro de la interferometria, una de las propiedades relacionadas con los vortices y de interes en este trabajo consiste en la posibilidad de obtener patrones de interferencia que porten informacion del signo de la fase. Esta informacion es reconocible en el sentido de giro de franjas espirales en la vecindad de un vortice. Las franjas espirales surgen de la superposicion de un frente de onda con vortices y una onda esferica. En este trabajo se muestran resultados experimentales y numericos de la generacion de vortices opticos con un SLM (modulador de luz espacial) en un interferometro de Mach-Zehnder. EnglishIn interferometry, one of the interesting properties related to vortices and of interest in this work is the possibility of creating interference patterns that carry information on the sign of the phase. This information is recognizable in the direction of rotation of the spiral strips in the vicinity of a vortex. The spiral fringes arise from the superposition of a wavefront with vortices and a spherical wavefront. In this paper, experimental and numerical results show the generation of optical vortices with a SLM (spatial light modulator) in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Elevated Plasma CXCL12α Is Associated with a Poorer Prognosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2015)

Our data show that elevated concentrations of circulating CXCL12α in PAH predicted poorer survival. Furthermore, elevated circulating CXCL12α was an independent risk factor for death that could potentially be included in a prognostic model and guide therapy.
Role of Arginine 180 and Glutamic Acid 177 of Ricin Toxin A Chain in Enzymatic Inactivation of Ribosomes (1990)

The gene for ricin toxin A chain was modified by site-specific mutagenesis to change arginine 180 to alanine, glutamine, methionine, lysine, or histidine. Separately, glutamic acid 177 was changed to alanine and glutamic acid 208 was changed to aspartic acid. Both the wild-type and mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and, when soluble, purified and tested quantitatively for enzyme activity. A positive charge at position 180 was found necessary for solubility of the protein and for enzyme activity. Similarly, a negative charge with a proper geometry in the vicinity of position 177 was critical for ricin toxin A chain catalysis. When glutamic acid 177 was converted to alanine, nearby glutamic acid 208 could largely substitute for it. This observation provided valuable structural information concerning the nature of second-site mutations.
Synthesis and properties of some new polyimidosulfides with highly mobile backbones (1984)

Abstract Various alkanedithiols [HSRSH; R = (CH 2 ) 3–6 orCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 ] add to the carbon‐carbon double bonds of N , N ′‐bismaleimido‐1,8‐octane ( 1 ) at room temperature in m ‐cresol that contains triethylamine as a catalyst to produce the corresponding polyimidosulfides ( 3 ) in yields of 75–86% and with inherent viscosities (ηinh) of 0.30–1.05 dL/g. In general ( 3 ) are amorphous, elastomeric materials that undergo glass transitions ( T g ) within the range of 6.5–13°C but product ( 3a ) [R = (CH 2 ) 6 ] is a tough, leatherlike polymer that exhibits T g = 35°C and a melting transition at 77°C. X‐ray analysis indicates that ( 3a ) is ca. 37% crystalline. In addition to further details of the synthesis and properties of polyimidosulfides ( 3 ), comparisons are made between crystalline ( 3a ) and a structurally analogous but morphologically dissimilar, elastomeric polyaspartimide synthesized earlier J. E. White, M. D. Scaia, and D. A. Snider, J. Appl. Polym. Sci ., in press. from ( 1 ) and N , N ′‐dimethyl‐1,6‐hexanediamine.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dichloroacetate in children with lactic acidosis due to severe malaria (1995)

Lactic acidosis frequently complicates severe malaria in African children, and is a strong independent predictor of mortality. We tested the hypothesis that sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase, rapidly reduces hyperlactataemia in this patient population. Eighteen children with severe malaria and capillary plasma lactate > or = 5 mM were randomized to receive either intramuscular quinine plus a single 50 mg/kg intravenous infusion of DCA in saline, or quinine plus intravenous saline alone. Two patients in each treatment group died following randomization. Thirty minutes after treatment, the mean plasma lactate was 28% below pretreatment baseline values in the DCA group, but was unchanged in the placebo group. Throughout the first 4 h after treatment, mean plasma lactate in the DCA-treated patients was significantly less than that in controls (p = 0.003). Thereafter, mean plasma lactate declined in both groups and was < 2 mM 10 h after treatment. DCA was well tolerated and did not alter quinine pharmacokinetics. A single intravenous dose of DCA rapidly improved lactic acidosis in African children with severe malaria, suggesting that DCA may be a useful adjunct in the initial treatment of these patients, and may increase their chance of survival by improving a major complication of their illness.
Selecting Fully‐Modified XNA Aptamers Using Synthetic Genetics (2018)

This unit describes the application of "synthetic genetics," i.e., the replication of xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), artificial analogs of DNA and RNA bearing alternative backbone or sugar congeners, to the directed evolution of synthetic oligonucleotide ligands (XNA aptamers) specific for target proteins or nucleic acid motifs, using a cross-chemistry selective exponential enrichment (X-SELEX) approach. Protocols are described for synthesis of diverse-sequence XNA repertoires (typically 10<sup>14</sup> molecules) using DNA templates, isolation and panning for functional XNA sequences using targets immobilized on solid phase or gel shift induced by target binding in solution, and XNA reverse transcription to allow cDNA amplification or sequencing. The method may be generally applied to select fully-modified XNA aptamers specific for a wide range of target molecules. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Novel methods for improvement of a Penning ion source for neutron generator applications (2012)

Penning ion source performance for neutron generator applications is characterized by the atomic ion fraction and beam current density, providing two paths by which source performance can be improved for increased neutron yields. We have fabricated a Penning ion source to investigate novel methods for improving source performance, including optimization of wall materials and electrode geometry, advanced magnetic confinement, and integration of field emitter arrays for electron injection. Effects of several electrode geometries on discharge characteristics and extracted ion current were studied. Additional magnetic confinement resulted in a factor of two increase in beam current density. First results indicate unchanged proton fraction and increased beam current density due to electron injection from carbon nanofiber arrays.
A low frequency supercapacitor circulation technique to improve the efficiency of linear regulators based on LDO ICs (2011)

Linear regulators have output specifications far superior to switch-mode techniques, except for the overall efficiency. This efficiency limitation can be overcome by applying a very low frequency supercapacitor circulation technique at the input side of a low dropout regulator IC. The technique was proven in 12V to 5 V versions, and, can be easily applied to other power supplies such as 5 to 3.3V or 5 to 1.5V versions required by various processors. The paper outlines the concepts and experimental results related to this technique. With the commercial LDO chips available with output current ratings up to 10A, and, thin profile supercapacitors available are with DC voltage ratings from 2.3V to 5.5V, the technique assists developing medium current linear regulators which could compete with present day switch-mode power supplies in efficiency and compactness, maintaining the superior output specifications of a linear regulator.
Changes in Microvascular Reactivity After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients With Poorly Controlled Versus Controlled Diabetes (2012)

Poorly controlled diabetes results in impaired arteriolar function before and after CPB. These alterations are associated with the increased expression/activation of PKC-α and PKC-β and enhanced oxidative and nitrosative stress.
A General Route to Optically Transparent Highly Filled Polymer Nanocomposites (2015)

Polymer nanocomposites for optical applications require high optical transparency at high filling ratios of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles provide optical functionality but unfortunately have a strong tendency to aggregate in polymer matrices leading to strong turbidity and reduced optical transmission, particularly at high filling ratios. We report a general route to nonaggregated highly filled, optically transparent polymer nanocomposites. It is based on using nanoparticles that have been coated with polymers forming spherical brushlike layers providing thermodynamic miscibility with the polymer matrix over the complete range of nanoparticle volume fractions. The polymers are attached via a versatile ligand exchange procedure which enables to prepare a wide range of optically transparent polymer nanocomposites up to weight fractions of 45%. This is demonstrated for a broad range of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles in optically transparent polymer matrices relevant for selective light/UV absorption, photoluminescence, and high/low refractive index polymer materials.
Perceptual Evaluation of Model- and Signal-Based Predictors of the Mixing Time in Binaural Room Impulse Responses (2012)

When creating virtual acoustic environments, the computational demands can be reduced by using generic late reverberation. Beyond the “mixing time,” the diffuse reverberation no longer contains details of the specific location. Therefore, a perceptually validated model for predicting the mixing time of different spaces will be helpful. This study evaluates various predictors of the perceptual mixing time using 9 different spaces. Both model- and signal-based estimators of mixing time were examined for their ability to predict the results of a group of expert listeners. For a shoebox-shaped room, the average perceptual mixing time can be predicted by the enclosure’s ratio of volume over surface area V/S and by vV, which serve as indicators of the mean free path length and the reflection density, respectively. Moreover, the “echo density profile” by Abel and Huang (AES paper 6985) can be used to predict the perceptual mixing time from measured data.
Supervised ActorCritic Reinforcement Learning (2009)

Chapter 7 introduced policy gradients as a way to improve on stochastic search of the policy space when learning. This chapter presents supervised actor-critic reinforcement learning as another method for improving the effectiveness of learning. With this approach, a supervisor adds structure to a learning problem and supervised learning makes that structure part of an actor-critic framework for reinforcement learning. Theoretical background and a detailed algorithm description are provided, along with several examples that contain enough detail to make them easy to understand and possible to duplicate. These examples also illustrate the use of two kinds of supervisors: a feedback controller that is easily designed yet suboptimal, and a human operator providing intermittent control of a simulated robotic arm.
Laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy of dental caries. (1998)

We studied spectral autofluorescence characteristics of dental caries. A wide range of carious lesions revealed characteristic emission of endogenous fluorophores with strong fluorescence bands in the red spectral region when excited with 407 nm line radiation of a krypton ion laser. Healthy hard dental tissue exhibited no emission bands in the red. The fluorescence spectra, fluorescence excitation spectra as well as the reflectance spectra of carious lesions were found to be typical for fluorescent porphyrins, mainly protoporphyrin IX. A possible source of these porphyrins within carious tissues is bacterial biosynthesis. Non-invasive sensitive in vivo caries detection by means of appropriate excitation sources and porphyrin fluorescence detectors should be possible.
Cloning Mr. Hill (2020)

Editorial| July 2020 Cloning Mr. Hill Steven L. Shafer, MD Steven L. Shafer, MD Editor-in-Chief, ASA Monitor Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor July 2020, Vol. 84, 8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.M99.0000688652.71354.f9 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Steven L. Shafer; Cloning Mr. Hill. ASA Monitor 2020; 84:8 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.M99.0000688652.71354.f9 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: cloning At the tender age of 10, I learned one of those transformative lessons in life regarding stereotypes and biases. While stereotypes can be helpful in acute, life-threatening scenarios (think large bear charging at you while you are on a hike), I consider both to be barriers to my development as a physician, scientist, and human being. In today's call-out culture, writing on this topic can be challenging. I share my personal story with the hopes that you will read with an open mind, realizing that I continue to learn lessons and develop greater insight into the societal issues of diversity, inclusion, equity, and how personal stereotypes and biases act as barriers to enriching our lives and perspectives and hence make me a better doctor. I was born in an upper middle-class, white neighborhood in Pasadena, California. My blank slate was filled in with stereotypes and biases about race and gender.... You do not currently have access to this content.
Latency compensation by horizontal scanline selection for head- mounted displays (2007)

A fundamental task of a virtual-environment system is to present images that change appropriately as the user's head
moves. Latency produces registration error causing the scene to appear spatially unstable. To improve the spatial
stability of the scene, we built a system that, immediately before scanout to a head-mounted raster display, selects a
portion of each scanline from an image rendered at a wider display width. The pixel selection corrects for yaw head
rotations and effectively reduces latency for yaw to the millisecond range. In informal evaluations, users consistently
judged visual scenes more stable and reported no additional visual artifacts with horizontal scanline selection than the
same system without. Scanline-selection hardware can be added to existing virtual-reality systems as an external device
between the graphics card and the raster display.
Peas Can Replace Soybean Meal and Corn Grain in Dairy Cow Diets (2008)

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of a partial substitution of soybean meal and corn grain with field peas in dairy cow diets on intake, milk yield and composition, nutrient digestibility, and urinary and fecal N losses. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows were blocked into 2 groups based on parity, days in milk, and milk yield at the end of a 2-wk covariate period. Cows within group were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control and pea diets. Approximately 45% of the corn grain and 78% of the soybean meal in the control diet were replaced with 15% (dry matter basis) field peas in the experimental diet. The peas used in the trial contained 25% crude protein and an estimated 1.98 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg. The experiment continued for 70 d. Dry matter intake (25.9 and 26.3 kg/d; control and pea diets, respectively), milk yield (35.4 and 35.6 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected milk yield (33.0 and 34.6 kg/d), milk fat (3.54 and 3.76%) and protein (3.00 and 2.99%) content and yields, and milk N efficiency (26 and 24%) were not affected by diet. Concentration of milk urea nitrogen was also not affected by treatment (14.3 and 15.0 mg/dL, respectively). Intake of organic matter and N were not affected by diet, but intake of neutral detergent fiber was lower and that of starch greater with the control diet. Total tract apparent digestibility of starch was lower (92.1 vs. 88.3%, respectively) and that of dry matter and organic matter tended to be lower with the pea compared with the control diet. Urinary and fecal N losses were not different between the 2 diets. Panel evaluation of milk from the 2 diets indicated no differences in the organoleptic characteristics of milk. This experiment demonstrated that field peas could be safely fed to high-producing dairy cows at a 15% inclusion rate, replacing soybean meal and corn grain. At this inclusion rate, no effects on milk yield or milk composition were observed.
Inverted files for text search engines (2006)

The technology underlying text search engines has advanced dramatically in the past decade. The development of a family of new index representations has led to a wide range of innovations in index storage, index construction, and query evaluation. While some of these developments have been consolidated in textbooks, many specific techniques are not widely known or the textbook descriptions are out of date. In this tutorial, we introduce the key techniques in the area, describing both a core implementation and how the core can be enhanced through a range of extensions. We conclude with a comprehensive bibliography of text indexing literature.
Lie to Me: Deceit detection via online behavioral learning (2011)

Inspired by the the behavioral scientific discoveries of Dr. Paul Ekman in relation to deceit detection, along with the television drama series Lie to Me, also based on Dr. Ekman's work, we use machine learning techniques to study the underlying phenomena expressed when a person tells a lie. We build an automated framework which detects deceit by measuring the deviation from normal behavior, at a critical point in the course of an investigative interrogation. Behavioral psychologists have shown that the eyes (via either gaze aversion or gaze extension) can be good “reflectors” of the inner emotions, when a person tells a high-stake lie. Hence we develop our deceit detection framework around eye movement changes. A dynamic bayesian model of eye movements is trained during a normal course of conversation for each subject, to represent normal behavior. The remaining conversation is broken into sequences and each sequence is tested against the parameters of the model of normal behavior. At the critical points in the interrogations, the deviations from normalcy are observed and used to deduce verity/deceit. An analysis on 40 subjects gave an accuracy of 82.5% which strongly suggests that the latent parameters of eye movements successfully capture behavioral changes and could be viable for use in automated deceit detection.