gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillary electrophoretic analysis of meningococcal polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccines. (2000)

Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are large, complex molecules that present challenges in terms of characterization. Free solution capillary electrophoresis using alkaline (pH 9-10) borate or glycine/NaOH buffers permitted electrophoresis of diphtheria toxoid (Dt) or meningococcal polysaccharide-Dt conjugates as well-formed, relatively broad peaks. Resolution was observed between the conjugate and the Dt peaks for some serotypes; however, overlap between Dt and one or more conjugate peaks was observed with both buffers. Inclusion of SDS in the separation buffer at a level above the critical micelle concentration allowed separation of Dt and Dt-conjugates of meningococcal serotypes A, C, Y and W135. Using borate/SDS, a linear relationship between peak area and Dt concentration was observed between approximately 2 mg/ml and 20 microg/ml. A linear relationship between Dt peak area and injection times from 10 to 50 seconds was also observed. Capillary electrophoresis may therefore be a useful method for quantifying free protein level in meningococcal-Dt conjugate vaccines.
Phenotypic Instability and Rapid Gene Silencing in Newly Formed Arabidopsis Allotetraploids (2000)

Allopolyploid hybridization serves as a major pathway for plant evolution, but in its early stages it is associated with phenotypic and genomic instabilities that are poorly understood. We have investigated allopolyploidization between Arabidopsis thaliana (2n = 2x = 10; n, gametic chromosome number; x, haploid chromosome number) and Cardaminopsis arenosa (2n = 4x = 32). The variable phenotype of the allotetraploids could not be explained by cytological abnormalities. However, we found suppression of 20 of the 700 genes examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism of cDNA. Independent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of 10 of these 20 genes confirmed silencing in three of them, suggesting that approximately 0.4% of the genes in the allotetraploids are silenced. These three silenced genes were characterized. One, called K7, is repeated and similar to transposons. Another is RAP2.1, a member of the large APETALA2 (AP2) gene family, and has a repeated element upstream of its 5' end. The last, L6, is an unknown gene close to ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE on chromosome 1. CNG DNA methylation of K7 was less in the allotetraploids than in the parents, and the element varied in copy number. That K7 could be reactivated suggests epigenetic regulation. L6 was methylated in the C. arenosa genome. The present evidence that gene silencing accompanies allopolyploidization opens new avenues to this area of research.
Experimental evaluation of a fixed collector employing vee-trough concentrator and vacuum tube receivers (1977)

A test bed for experimental evaluation of a fixed solar collector which combines an evacuated glass tube solar receiver with a flat plate/black chrome plated copper absorber and an asymmetric veetrough concentrator was designed and constructed. Earlier predictions of thermal performance were compared with test data acquired for a bare vacuum tube receiver; and receiver tubes with Alzak aluminum, aluminized FEP Teflon film laminated sheet metal and second surface ordinary mirror reflectors. Test results and system economics as well as objectives of an ongoing program to obtain long-term performance data are discussed.
Tuning the magnetodynamic properties of all-perpendicular spin valves using He+ irradiation (2018)

Using He+ ion irradiation, we demonstrate how the magnetodynamic properties of both ferromagnetic layers in all-perpendicular [Co/Pd]/Cu/[Co/Ni] spin valves can be tuned by varying the He+ ion fluence. As the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of both layers is gradually reduced by the irradiation, different magnetic configurations can be achieved from all-perpendicular, through orthogonal, to all in-plane. In addition, both the magnetic damping and the inhomogeneous broadening of the Co/Ni layer improve substantially with increasing fluence. GMR of the spin valve is negatively affected and decreases linearly from an original value of 1.14% to 0.4% at the maximum fluence of 50*10^14 He+/cm^2.
Phase-Based B1 Mapping in a 65 mT Single-Sided Prostate MRI Scanner (2023)

B 1 mapping is important to characterize non-uniform coil geometries and to optimize imaging sequences and image reconstructions in low-field MRI, but is made challenging by point-of-care single-sided imaging geometries with large frequency bandwidths and B 1 ranges. We propose a high-bandwidth phase-based B 1 mapping technique based on a CHORUS pulse sequence with alternated frequency sweep polarities, which has a wide (40 kHz) imaging bandwidth and high B 1 dynamic range. The sequence was implemented and validated on a 65 mT single-sided prostate MRI scanner in phantom scans with butterfly coil transmit and local multichannel receive.
An automatic extraction method based on synonym dictionary for web reptile question and answer (2018)

In recent years, with the continuous emergence of online Q & A (Question and Answer) system, industry-based Q & A system can use an accurate and concise answer to answer questions raised by users in natural language. One of the important factors that affect the performance of Q & A systems is the accuracy and quality of Q & A. Recently, there have been a lot of methods of automatic extraction Q & A, have saved the time of establish Q&A, but the accuracy and quality of the Q & A is still not perfect. This paper realizes the use of self-made web crawler system to crawl online user questions and comments to build Q & A, and based on the synonym dictionary to calculate the similarity of questions and comments, thus improving the accuracy and quality of Q & A.
H/sub infinity / controller design for the SISO case using a Wiener approach (1991)

A solution to the H/sub infinity / mixed sensitivity problem for the SISO (single-input single-output) case is obtained using a Wiener approach to parameterize all equalizing and stabilizing controllers. The controller which incorporates the LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) solution has a structure similar to that of D.C. Youla et al. (1976). The system of equations thus obtained is square and has some degree of advantage over previous solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conductive versus capacitive coupling for cell electroporation with nanosecond pulses (2009)

Experiments and simulations were performed to determine the difference between capacitive coupling and conductive connection for the electroporation of cells. The pulses used in the experiments have a peak voltage of 24 kV, 0.6 ns rise time, and 1.6 ns full width at half maximum. Experiments performed compare the conductive connection of the cell suspension versus a capacitively coupled cell suspension. The magnitude of the electric field was 16 kV/cm in both cases; however, the pulse shape is different. For the conductively connected case the cells located between the electrodes experienced an electric field in one direction only, whereas cells located between the electrodes in the capacitive coupling case were subject to an electric field that reverses direction. For the capacitively coupled case the bipolar pulse leads to no net cell charging. The conductive connection case is different, in that cells are left with a net polarization after the pulse is applied. Experimentally, only cells subject to the pulse with conductive connection demonstrated electroporation with the drug Bleomycin.
Ondansetron and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Interfere With the Establishment of Lithium-Induced Conditioned Taste Avoidance in the House Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus). (2005)

Considerable evidence suggests that rats can learn to avoid a taste in the absence of nausea. The current experiments evaluated the potential of the antiemetic agents, ondansetron (OND) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), to interfere with lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced taste avoidance in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, an insectivore that, unlike rats, is capable of vomiting. At a dose that did not modify saccharin (Experiment 1) or sucrose (Experiment 2) intake, OND prevented the establishment of LiCl-induced taste avoidance in the shrew. A low dose of THC (1 mg/kg), which did not modify sucrose intake during conditioning, also prevented the establishment of LiCl-induced taste avoidance in the shrew. Higher doses of THC were also effective, but they also suppressed sucrose consumption during conditioning. These results suggest that nausea is a necessary component of the unconditioned stimulus for the establishment of conditioned taste avoidance in the shrew, unlike the rat, which does not vomit when injected with a toxin.
EatWell (2008)

Low-income African American communities face a disproportionate amount of diet-related health problems in the United States. To address this issue, we developed EatWell, a system that allows people to use their cell phones to create voice memories describing how they have tried to eat healthfully in their neighborhoods (e.g., at local restaurants) and listen to the memories that others have created. In this paper, we describe the results of our field trial of EatWell, specifically characterizing how our participants were able to craft stories that were both emotive and culturally-relevant, the challenges that arose in creating these memories and finally how sharing these stories facilitated a sense of community empowerment. We conclude by presenting implications for the design of future applications that facilitate the sharing of health-related experiences.
Surface potential and roughness controlled cell adhesion and collagen formation in electrospun PCL fibers for bone regeneration (2020)

Surface potential of biomaterials is a key factor regulating cell responses, driving their adhesion and signaling in tissue regeneration. In this study we compared the surface and zeta potential of smooth and porous electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers, as well as PCL films, to evaluate their significance in bone regeneration. The ’ surface potential of the fibers was controlled by applying positive and negative voltage polarities during the electrospinning. The surface properties of the different PCL fibers and films were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and the zeta potential was measured using the electrokinetic technique. The effect of surface potential on the morphology of bone cells was examined using advanced microcopy, including 3D reconstruction based on a scanning electron microscope with a focused ion beam (FIB-SEM). Initial cell adhesion and collagen formation were studied using fluorescence microscopy and Sirius Red assay respectively, while calcium mineralization was confirmed with energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Alzarin Red staining. These studies revealed that cell adhesion is driven by both the surface potential and morphology of PCL fibers. Furthermore, the ability to tune the surface potential of electrospun PCL scaffolds provides an essential electrostatic handle to enhance cell-material interaction and cellular activity, leading to controllable morphological changes.
Electrical transport properties of thin Ni films subjected to an array of nanomagnets (2005)

We report on magnetoresistance measurements in thin nickel films modulated by a periodic magnetic field emanating from micromagnetic arrays fabricated at the film surface. By increasing the strength of the magnetic potential using nickel and dysprosium micromagnets, we are able to quench the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). We also observe mesoscopic magnetoresistance fluctuations, which possibly are related to the magnetic potential and size effects.
Evaluating the Sensitivity of Various Measures of Operator Workload Using Random Digits as a Secondary Task (1978)

Problems have been encountered in previous research in developing a secondary task measure of mental workload that is both sensitive and stable. Ordinarily a single measure of secondary task is analyzed as an indicator of difference in workload. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to determine whether alternate measures taken from a single secondary task might prove more sensitive. Twelve subjects participated in the experiment involving a primary task (meter pointer nulling) and a secondary task (reading random digits aloud). The independent variable (primary task difficulty level) was adjusted by changing the number of meters that had to be monitored (two, three, or four meters). Dependent measures were taken on the (1) number of random digits spoken (usual workload formula), (2) longest interval between spoken responses, (3) longest consecutive string of spoken digits, and (4) the number of “triplets” spoken. Results show that the dependent measures (1), (3), and (4) were significant with (1) being the most sensitive.
A differential difference amplifier for neural recording system with tunable low-frequency cutoff (2008)

This paper describes a low-noise and low-power architecture of the differential difference amplifier (DDA) for neural recording system. The proposed neural amplifier combines DC offset rejection and low-frequency cutoff tuning without off-chip components. DC offset rejection is carried out by ac coupling which is realized by series connection of a capacitor and a MOS-bipolar pseudoresistor. Low-frequency cutoff tuning permits recording local field potential or neural action potential. Frequency tuning mechanism depends on the feedback capacitor and floating tunable resistor which constructs a low frequency pole nearby 100 Hz. The proposed design is in TSMC 0.18 mum 1P6M CMOS process, which achieves gain of 40.8 dB, passband from 107 Hz to 10.3 kHz, input-referred noise of 4.83 muVrms, power consumption of 25.9 muW, and 0.084 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area.
High Quality Ge Virtual Substrates on Si Wafers with Standard STI Patterning (2009)

Further improving complementary metal oxide semiconductor performance beyond the 22 nm generation likely requires the use of high mobility channel materials, such as Ge for p-type metal oxide semiconductor (pMOS) and III/V for n-type metal oxide semiconductor devices. The complementary integration of both materials on Si substrates can be realized with selective epitaxial growth. We present two fabrication schemes for Ge virtual substrates using Si wafers with standard shallow trench isolation (STI). This reduces the fabrication cost of these virtual substrates as the complicated isolation scheme in blanket Ge can be omitted. The low topography enables integration of ultrathin high-k gate dielectrics. The fabrication schemes are also compatible with uniaxial stress techniques. Both modules include an annealing step at 850 degrees C to reduce the threading dislocation densities down to 4 x 10(8) and 1 x 10(7) cm(-2), respectively. We are able to fabricate high quality Ge virtual substrates for pMOS devices as well as suitable starting surfaces for selective epitaxial III/V growth. The latter are illustrated by preliminary results of selective epitaxial InGaAs growth on virtual Ge substrates. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3244564] All rights reserved.
Jamming Massive MIMO using Massive MIMO: Asymptotic separability results (2017)

Consider the uplink transmission of a single-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with K single-antenna users and a base station (BS) equipped with a very large number of antennas denoted by M. Consider a jamming device with N > M distributed antennas attempting to deteriorate the communication between the users and the BS. We propose an asymptotic condition on the jamming power under which the jamming-plus-noise subspace overlaps with the signal subspace. Under this condition, existing blind jamming rejection methods, such as the one in [1], fail. The proposed results are based on the application of results from large-dimensional random matrix theory.
Excessive centrosome abnormalities without ongoing numerical chromosome instability in a Burkitt's lymphoma. (2003)

Numerical and structural centrosome abnormalities are detected in various human malignancies and have been implicated in the formation of multipolar mitoses, chromosome missegregation, and chromosomal instability. Despite this association between centrosome abnormalities and cancerous growth, a causative role of centrosome aberrations in generating chromosomal instability and aneuploidy has not been universally established. We report here excessive numerical and structural centrosome abnormalities in a malignant Burkitt's lymphoma harboring the characteristic t(8;14) chromosomal translocation. Using conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we detected no signs of ongoing numerical chromosome instability, although the tumor displayed sporadic multipolar metaphases. These findings demonstrate that centrosome abnormalities are not a universal surrogate marker for chromosomal instability in malignant tumors. Moreover, our results suggest a model in which additional cellular alterations may be required to promote centrosome-related mitotic defects in tumor cells.
A Role of thecspAGene Encoding a Mycolyltransferase in the Growth under Alkaline Conditions ofCorynebacterium glutamicum (2010)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used in the industrial production of amino acids. Producer strains are generated by classical random mutagenesis, and therefore have detrimental characteristics caused by unnecessary mutations. Increased alkali sensitivity is one of those undesired characteristics. We found that one of the laboratory strains, AJ12036DeltacspADeltacspB, showed decreased growth under alkaline conditions. To clarify which mutation is responsible for alkali sensitivity, we constructed mutant strains carrying the DeltacspA and/or DeltacspB mutations from wild-type strain ATCC13869. We found that disruption of cspA encoding a mycolyltransferase alone caused increased alkali sensitivity. The DeltacspA mutant also showed increased susceptibility to ethambutol, penicillin, and rifampicin. Disruption of cspB had no effect on alkali sensitivity or drug sensitivity. These results indicate that the mycolate layer is important for alkali sensitivity as well as drug susceptibility in this bacterium.
Evidence Report: Risk of Radiation Carcinogenesis (2016)

As noted by Durante and Cucinotta (2008), cancer risk caused by exposure to space radiation is now generally considered a main hindrance to interplanetary travel for the following reasons: large uncertainties are associated with the projected cancer risk estimates; no simple and effective countermeasures are available, and significant uncertainties prevent scientists from determining the effectiveness of countermeasures. Optimizing operational parameters such as the length of space missions, crew selection for age and sex, or applying mitigation measures such as radiation shielding or use of biological countermeasures can be used to reduce risk, but these procedures have inherent limitations and are clouded by uncertainties. Space radiation is comprised of high energy protons, neutrons and high charge (Z) and energy (E) nuclei (HZE). The ionization patterns and resulting biological insults of these particles in molecules, cells, and tissues are distinct from typical terrestrial radiation, which is largely X-rays and gamma-rays, and generally characterized as low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are comprised mostly of highly energetic protons with a small component of high charge and energy (HZE) nuclei. Prominent HZE nuclei include He, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe. GCR ions have median energies near 1 GeV/n, and energies as high as 10 GeV/n make important contributions to the total exposure. Ionizing radiation is a well known carcinogen on Earth (BEIR 2006). The risks of cancer from X-rays and gamma-rays have been established at doses above 50 mSv (5 rem), although there are important uncertainties and on-going scientific debate about cancer risk at lower doses and at low dose rates (<50 mSv/h). The relationship between the early biological effects of HZE nuclei and the probability of cancer in humans is poorly understood, and it is this missing knowledge that leads to significant uncertainties in projecting cancer risks during space exploration (Cucinotta and Durante 2006; Durante and Cucinotta 2008).
Analysis of Molecular Motion around Chain Ends of Multibranched Polymers (2017)

We focused on molecular motion around side chain ends of multibranched polystyrene (Mb-PSt) by a spin label method of electron spin resonance (ESR). The Mb-PSt was synthesized via living anionic polymerization with macroinitiator technique and the chain ends were modified with TEMPO. Effect of the side chain length on the mobility of the chain ends was studied by the ESR method. The results indicate that shorter side chains have higher mobility at the chain end. We focused on molecular motion around side chain ends of multibranched polystyrene (Mb-PSt). Mb-PSt was synthesized via living anionic polymerization with macroinitiator technique and modified with TEMPO at the chain ends. Effect of the side chain length on the mobility of the chain ends was studied by ESR spectra. Shorter side chain has higher mobility at the chain end.
Effects of solvent addition to acetylation medium on cellulose triacetate prepared from low-grade hardwood dissolving pulp (1998)

As cellulose triacetate was prepared from low-grade hardwood-dissolving pulp, a considerable amount of the insoluble residue was present in the acetylation medium of the acetic acid/acetic anhydride/sulfuric acid system, and it consisted mainly of cellulose triacetate (CTA) and xylan diacetate (XDA). As one of the remedies for reducing the insoluble residue, a solvent was added to the acetylation medium and the effects of the solvent addition on the amount of insoluble residue formed were studied. To do so, 17 different solvents were selected so as to cover a wide range of solubility parameters. The obtained results clearly indicated that the addition of the solvent affects the amount of insoluble residue and that, excluding dichloroacetic acid, nitromethane was effective for its reduction, but that neither methylene chloride nor nitroethane were in spite of their effectiveness for softwood-dissolving pulp, which would be due to the intrinsic properties of XDA on the solubility in the acetylation medium. A new acetylation system with such an appropriate solvent would, therefore, provide a clue as to an industrial usage of the low-grade hardwood-dissolving pulps for cellulose acetate production. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1445–1449, 1998
Measurement Error in the Prototypal Job-Search Model (1994)

Statistical analysis of the job-search model has isolated the role played by the minimum observed wage in identifying and estimating behavioral parameters. Estimators based on order statistics, however, are influenced by measurement error in ways that estimators based on averages are not, and there is ample evidence that wage data contain measurement errors. We propose a model in which worker behavior is captured by the prototypal search model but wages are observed with error.