gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of Some Metallic Glasses in the Hydrogenation of 1-Hexene (1993)

Abstract The catalytic activity and selectivity of twenty one amorphous alloy ribbons were examined in the hydrogenation of 1-hexene. The amorphous alloys are of higher activity but of similar hydrogenation selectivity to the crystalline ones. Pd-based amorphous alloy ribbons, in particular Pd80Si20, are of a relatively high catalytic activity and of low selectivity towards hydrogenation. Fe20Ni60P20 amorphous alloy is a highly hydrogenation selective catalyst. Incorporation of Pd in the Fe–Ni–B alloy doubled its activity and reduced its hydrogenation selectivity by 30%. Alloying P, instead of B, with Fe and Ni significantly increased the hydrogenation selectivity of this Fe–Ni based alloy; the hydrogenation selectivity was increased from 85% for Fe20Ni60B20 to 93% for Fe20Ni60P20.
Aquaporins mediate the chemoresistance of human melanoma cells to arsenite (2011)

The integral membrane channel protein aquaporin (AQP) is aberrantly expressed with oncogenic characteristics in various human cancers. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of all subtypes of AQPs, and found that 8 out of 13 AQPs expressed in melanoma cells. To understand the role of aberrant expression of AQP in this disease, we over-expressed AQP3 and AQP9 in human melanoma WM266.4 cells and found that both AQPs significantly increased the chemoresistance of WM266.4 cells to arsenite. Functional studies showed that AQP3 and AQP9 can inhibit cell apoptosis induced by arsenite through down-regulating p53 and up-regulating Bcl-2 and XIAP. Our data suggest the implication of APQ in melanoma progression and that the over-expression of AQP3 and AQP9 contributes to the chemoresistance of melanoma to arsenite.
Ancient balancing selection maintains incompatible versions of the galactose pathway in yeast (2021)

Metabolic pathways differ across species but are expected to be similar within a species. We discovered two functional, incompatible versions of the galactose pathway in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> We identified a three-locus genetic interaction for growth in galactose, and used precisely engineered alleles to show that it arises from variation in the galactose utilization genes <i>GAL2</i>, <i>GAL1/10/7</i>, and phosphoglucomutase (<i>PGM1</i>), and that the reference allele of <i>PGM1</i> is incompatible with the alternative alleles of the other genes. Multiloci balancing selection has maintained the two incompatible versions of the pathway for millions of years. Strains with alternative alleles are found primarily in galactose-rich dairy environments, and they grow faster in galactose but slower in glucose, revealing a trade-off on which balancing selection may have acted.
Influence of particle properties and working pressures on cake dewatering (2015)

International audience
Excellent combination of compressive strength and strain of AlCrFeNi MPEAs via adding Ti and V (2023)

In the current work, the influences of 12% X (X = Ti, V and Ti+V) on the structure and mechanical properties for AlCrFeNi matrix are compared in parallel. After mixing different component, parent phases (NiAl + Cr-Fe) of (AlCrFeNi)88%X12% multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) can't result in phases separation. Nevertheless, 12 at% Ti- and V-mixed MPEAs lead to extra strengthening through new precipitating phases of L21 (Ni2TiAl) and BCC (Fe-V). For (AlCrFeNi)88%Ti6%V6%, the two precipitating phases promote the synergistic strengthening of the strength and compressive strain. Ti is more effective than V in enhancing grain boundary energy of matrix, because Ti can induce more negative enthalpy of mixing, which makes the aggregation easier. Following identical mixing content, V causes pronounced solid solution strengthening but does not benefit the grain boundary strengthening, triggering an increase in ultimate strength of AlCrFeNi88%V12%. Significantly, the effectiveness of coordination strengthening is boosted by mixing 6%Ti+ 6%V. (AlCrFeNi)88%Ti6%V6% has excellent compressive yield strength and strain, which is 1403.4 MPa and 23.1%, respectively. Our present analysis suggests that strengthening mechanism is applicable to explain the differences in nano interstitial structure, low Ti diffusion and non-equilibrium pinning effect of cooperative reinforcement of BCC (Fe-V) and L21(Ni2TiAl) phases.
Uncooled photodiodes based on InAsSb(P) with long-wavelength cut-off at λ = 5.8 μm (2012)

We have experimentally studied the parameters of room-temperature photodiodes based on gradient solid solutions of the InAsSb(P) system, having a long-wavelength cut-off at λ = 5.8 μm and various geometries of non-transparent contacts on the exposed p-InAsSb(P) surface. It is established that the sensitivity (photocurrent collection efficiency) strongly depends on the perimeter of this contact: photodiodes with net structure of this contact (increased perimeter and area) are characterized by increased sensitivity even despite greater degree of shadowing of the exposed surface by the contact.
Abstract 3595: Perfusion imaging predicts Outcome in TIA and Minor Stroke. A Prospective Derivation-Validation Study (2012)

Background: Patients presenting with transient or minor ischemic symptoms (TIA/MIS) are at risk for early deterioration. Identification of those at highest risk for progression may justify more aggressive acute reperfusion treatments. We tested the hypothesis that baseline perfusion (PWI)- diffusion (DWI) mismatch predicts clinical deterioration and infarct growth on follow-up imaging in this population. Methods: Patients with TIA/MIS (NIH Stroke Scale ≤ 3) were prospectively enrolled and imaged within 24 hours of symptom onset as part of two sequential prospective imaging studies. All patients had clinical follow-up. Baseline DWI and PWI (tmax+4s delay) and follow-up FLAIR infarct volumes (day 30 (derivation), day 90 (validation) cohort) were measured. Mismatch volumes were calculated as (Tmax+4s delay) - DWI lesion volume. Primary outcome was infarct growth on FLAIR imaging which was defined a priori as growth of at least 2.5 ml. Secondary outcome was clinical progression. Results: 137 patients were included in the derivation and 281 patients in the validation cohorts. The rates of DWI (54% vs 56%, p= 0.67) and PWI lesions (42% vs 34.5%, p=0.16) at baseline were similar between the cohorts. The median time between symptom onset and baseline imaging was significantly shorter in the derivation (9.2 h, IQR=9.4) relative to the validation sets (15.1h, IQR=12.5 p&lt;0.001). More patients had follow-up imaging in the derivation (87%) compared to the validation (76%) cohort (p=0.021). Primary and secondary outcome occurred in 18.5% and 9.5% in the derivation and 5.5% and 4.6% in the validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, baseline mismatch volumes adjusting for age, sex and time from symptom onset to MRI significantly predicted radiographic progression (OR=1.06 [1.03-1.09], p&lt;0.001). The optimal threshold for maximizing sensitivity (Sen) and specificity (Spec) in predicting infarct growth occurred at a mismatch volume of 10ml; which correctly predicted infarct expansion with 82% (Sen) and 91%(Spec) (Area under the curve (AUC)= 0.89 [0.80-0.98]). In the validation cohort, this threshold was highly predictive of radiological progression (p=0.011, McNemars test). Linear regression showed that for every 10ml of mismatch, there would be 2.5ml infarct growth on day 30 FLAIR [R=0.80, p&lt;0.001] (derivation set) and 1.1 ml of growth on day 90 FLAIR (R=0.22, p&lt;0.001) (validation set). Baseline mismatch showed a high discriminative value in predicting clinical deterioration in the derivation (AUC =0.81 [0.67-0.96]) and moderate value in the validation cohort (AUC=0.66 [0.46, 0.85]). Conclusion: In a population of patients with minor stroke and TIA, early MR perfusion-diffusion mismatch predicts infarct growth and clinical progression. These findings suggest that there may be a group of patients with minor symptoms in whom reperfusion strategies may be beneficial.
Tratamiento de la meningitis bacteriana (1998)

Pocas enfermedades han sido mas afectadas por la aparicion del tratamiento antimicrobiano como la meningitis bacteriana. Desde que se reconocio en 1805 hasta principios del siglo XX, era una enfermedad fatal. Aunque la introduccion de los antibioticos hizo posible que la enfermedad fuese curable,1-4 la morbilidad y la mortalidad de esta enfermedad continuan siendo inaceptablemente altas. En un informe reciente, el 61 % de ninos que sobrevivieron a una meningitis producida por bacilos gramnegativos tuvieron incapacidades en el desarrollo y secuelas neurologicas.5 De forma similar, en una revision realizada recientemente, de 493 episodios de meningitis bacteriana en adultos, la tasa de mortalidad general fue del 25 %.6 En este articulo se destacan las tendencias epidemiologicas, se revisan los principios de la farmacocinetica de los antibioticos y se ofrecen directrices practicas para decidir acerca del tratamiento adecuado de los pacientes con meningitis bacteriana.
Interior Noise Prediction of Subway Cab Caused by Track Irregularities (2010)

In order to predict the interior noises of subway cab caused by track irregularities, the vehicle-track coupling dynamics analysis was applied to compute the excited loads, which play a role as the cab noise sources. The acoustical boundary element method was employed to estimate interior cab noise, and the distribution characters of the interior cab noise were ascertained and reached the following conclusion. When the train runs with 60km/h, the noises in cab change in the range of 79.28-84.95 dB. At the frequency of 30Hz, 120Hz, 190Hz, the sound pressure level (SPL) in cab is greater. To reduce the biggest noise in cab, measures must be adopted at 30Hz, 120Hz, 190Hz.
A Simple and Improved Procedure for Selective Ring Bromination of Alkyl-Substituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the Surface of Alumina (1992)

Abstract Highly selective ring bromination of alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons has been achieved using molecular bromine adsorbed on the surface of alumina without any solvent.
Addendum to "Synthesis of robust delay-fault testable circuits: Theory" (1996)

For original paper see ibid., vol. 11, pp. 87-101 (Jan. 1992). The robust nature of the gate delay fault tests corresponding to Theorems 7 and 8 in the original paper is clarified and described in greater detail. There are two types of robust tests for gate delay faults: a hazard-free robust test for a gate delay fault on a gate g is a robust test where only paths that pass through g are event sensitized; a general robust test for a gate delay fault on a gate g is a robust test where paths that do not pass through g can be event sensitized. The two types of robust tests are illustrated.
Effect of commercially available rhizobacteria strains on growth and production of lettuce, tomato and pepper (2004)

Seven microbial products of the genus Bacillus were evaluated under greenhouse and shadehouse conditions for efficacy on lettuce, tomato and pepper as plant growth promoters. Treatments were applied as a drench (106 cfu ml1) directly onto seedlings in composted pine bark growth medium. Variation in activity was observed between Bacillus preparations, and from one host to another. Three of the Bacillus preparations, Bacillus chitinosporus, B. uniflagellatus and B. subtilis significantly increased lettuce growth when seedlings were not supplemented with a nutrient source, NutriStart-AC (P < 0.001). Biostart® 2000 (a combination of B. chitinosporus, B. laterosporus and B. licheniformis) was the only microbial preparation to significantly increase seedling growth on tomato (P < 0.01) whereas B. uniflagellates and B. licheniformis were the only organisms to significantly increase fruit yield on pepper (P < 0.04 and P < 0.01 respectively). When seedlings were inoculated with bacteria and subsequently treated with a bacterial nutrient supplement, NutriStart-AC, B. chitinosporus (P < 0.001), B. uniflagellates (P < 0.02), B. laterosporus (P < 0.03), B. pumilus (P < 0.05) and Biostart® 2000 (P < 0.001) preparations all significantly promoted lettuce seedling growth. On tomato, all Bacillus preparations, with the exception of B. laterosporus, significantly increased seedling growth when NutriStart-AC was added as a supplement. However, only one preparation, Bacillus subtilis (P < 0.02) significantly increased pepper fruit yield when seedlings were supplemented with NutriStart-AC.
Text-to-speech inspired duration modeling for improved whole-word acoustic models (2013)

In the construction of whole-word acoustic models, we have previously demonstrated substantial gains by using MAP estimation to introduce a simple prior model of phonetic timing. Based solely on the word’s phonetic (dictionary) pronunciation, this simple model included no information about the individual durations of constituent phones. However, the problem of modeling segmental duration has long been studied in the textto-speech (TTS) community. We draw upon this work to develop a classification and regression tree (CART) approach for constructing prior models of phonetic timing which considers factors such as syllable stress, syllable position, adjacent phone class and voicing. This improved prior model closes 33% of the gap in keyword spotting performance between highly supervised whole-word models and those estimated without any examples.
Abstract WP37: Evidence of Late Hemorrhage in Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Intravenous Alteplase: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Multicenter MR WITNESS Trial (NCT01282242) (2017)

Introduction: Although early hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke has been studied, less is known about patients who develop hemorrhage after the acute phase. We hypothesized that patients with late hemorrhage (LH) would have more severe strokes than those without, and tested this hypothesis in a cohort of thrombolysed patients from the MR WITNESS trial. Methods: Subjects were recruited from 10 sites between Jan 2011-Oct 2015. MR WITNESS enrolled subjects if they were last seen between 4.5 and 24 hours prior to evaluation, but otherwise qualified for IV tPA in the 3-4.5 hr window per AHA guidelines, and if their brain MRI findings indicated very early infarction: either no FLAIR hyperintensity or subtle hyperintensity, ie signal increase &lt;15% compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Patients with early (≤48 hours) HT (defined per ECASS criteria) were excluded from analysis. Late hemorrhage was defined as imaging manifestation of hemorrhage on 30 days MRI in patient without manifestation of HT at 48h. Good outcome was pre-specified as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1 at 90 d. Univariate comparisons utilized Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon Rank Sums 2-sample exact test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: Among the 80 patients included in the MR WITNESS cohort, 53 met our inclusion criteria and were analysed. When compared to those with no HT, patients with LH had larger baseline infarct volumes and perfusion defects, as well as more frequent proximal vessel occlusion at baseline (all p &lt;0.01, See Table). Patients with LH also demonstrated worse functional outcome at 90 days (mRS, Median [IQR], 3 [1.75-4] vs 1 [0-2], p=0.006, Table). Conclusion: Patients with LH demonstrate a more severe imaging profile at baseline and a worse functional outcome at 90 days when compared to patients without hemorrhage. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of LH may shed light on to the mechanisms of acute and subacute brain injury.
Online Vehicle Routing: The Edge of Optimization in Large-Scale Applications (2019)

With the emergence of ride-sharing companies that offer transportation on demand at a large scale and the increasing availability of corresponding demand data sets, new challenges arise to develop routing optimization algorithms that can solve massive problems in real time. In “Online Vehicle Routing: The Edge of Optimization in Large-Scale Applications,” D. Bertsimas, P. Jaillet, and S. Martin present a novel and generalizable backbone algorithm that uses integer optimization to find high-quality solutions to large routing optimization problems. The algorithm, together with the real-time routing optimization software framework developed and shared by the authors, can dispatch thousands of taxis serving more than 25,000 customers per hour. An extensive study with historical simulations of Yellow Cabs in New York City is used to both show that the algorithm improves on the performance of existing heuristics and to provide insights on the optimization opportunities of a large ride-sharing fleet.
HPLC monitoring of the microsomal stability of rutin and quercetin (2009)

Summary Reversed-phase HPLC has been used to monitor the concentration of the two major Chamomile components rutin and quercetin during rat liver microsomal treatment. The possibility of microsomal oxidative metabolism or stability of these two components was examined using a guard-column without any clean-up. The concentration of quercetin decreased when exposed to rat liver microsomal media whereas the rutin concentration did not change significantly over one hour of treatment.
A Study of 4H-SiC Semi-Superjunction Rectifiers for Practical Realisation (2022)

This paper discusses the design and simulation of 4H-SiC semi-SJ structures producing results that are below the unipolar limit, whilst also ensuring practical and cost-effective realisation. The results demonstrate that a semi-SJ structure with a 10° sidewall angle increases the implantation window of the device by 45%, relative to the full-SJ, whilst maintaining a high V BD of ~2 kV and a low R ON,SP . This design facilitates a wide implantation window with a reduced trench aspect ratio, significantly improving the practical realisation of the device. It also offers softer reverse recovery characteristics as a result of both the angled trench sidewall and the n-bottom assist layer (n‑BAL) which allows for the structure to be depleted gradually.
Biomimetic super durable and stable surfaces with superhydrophobicity (2018)

A detailed introduction to superhydrophobic surfaces with superior durability characteristics and comprehensive discussion about fabrication approaches to prolong surface lifetimes are presented in this review, which is expected to inspire a number of scholars to fabricate more durable superhydrophobic materials.
Deactivation Kinetics of Toluene Alkylation with Methanol over Magnesium-Modified ZSM-5 (1996)

The deactivation kinetics of toluene alkylation with methanol over a Mg-modified ZSM-5 catalyst has been studied. A kinetic model taking into account both the deactivation of the main and the secondary reactions and the influence of the intracrystalline diffusion has been developed. The best fit of the experimental data has been obtained assuming that gaseous hydrocarbons, formed mainly by ethylene, are the coke precursors. The secondary reactions of p-xylene dealkylation, toluene disproportionation, and external p-xylene isomerization deactivate faster than the main reaction, probably due to differences in the strength of the acid sites over which they take place. The paraselectivity corresponding to the primary product decreases with the time on stream as a consequence of the pore blockage by coke, which attenuates the diffusional control of the internal xylene isomerization. Methanol dehydration is the reaction least affected by coke.
ECharts: balancing design and implementation (2002)

In this paper we argue that the semantics of UML Statecharts, while adequate for design, is inappropriate for implementation. To address the issues raised, we propose a language, ECharts, that incorporates modifications to UML Statecharts. We argue that the ECharts semantics strike the right balance between supporting design and supporting implementation. We compare ECharts language features with comparable features in UML Statecharts and ROOMcharts. We draw motivating examples from an IP-based telecom services platform which uses our implementation of ECharts on a daily basis for design and implementation.
Human prion diseases: Molecular, cellular and population biology (2013)

The past 20 years have witnessed a dramatic resurgence of interest in a hitherto obscure neurodegenerative disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This was driven partly by the novelty of the prion hypothesis, which sought to provide an explanation for the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, involving a unique epigenetic mechanism, and partly by events in the UK, where an outbreak of a new prion disease in cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE) potentially exposed a large section of the UK population to prion infectivity through a dietary route. The numbers of cases of the resultant novel disease variant CJD (vCJD), have so far been limited and peaked in the UK in the year 2000 and have subsequently declined. However, the effects of BSE and vCJD have been far-reaching. The estimated prevalence of vCJD infection in the UK is substantially higher than the numbers of clinical cases would suggest, posing a difficult dilemma for those involved in blood transfusion, tissue transplantation and cellular therapies. The clinico-pathological phenotype of human prion diseases has come under close scrutiny and molecular classification systems have been developed to account for the different diseases and their phenotypic spectra. Moreover, enhanced human and animal surveillance and better diagnostic tools have identified new human and animal prion diseases. Lastly, as the prion hypothesis has gained widespread acceptance, the concepts involved have been applied to other areas, including extra-chromosomal inheritance in fungi, long-term potentiation in memory formation and the spread of molecular pathology in diverse conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Studies at the molecular and cellular level have helped to provide a better understanding of human prion diseases, aided pathological diagnosis and helped inform public health decision-making.
Design and Characterization of Optical Waveguides for Gyro Applications (1987)

Polarization retaining single-mode fibers are being developed using the stress-rod approach. Design parameter values have been varied to optimize birefringence, polarization holding, and low attenuation rates. Test configurations have been developed to characterize the fibers under simulated deployment bending conditions. The results show that good polarization and attenuation properties can be maintained for long lengths of fibers wound into compact sensor configurations.
Do Hernias Contribute to Increased Severity of Aneurysmal Disease among Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients? (2021)

Our study confirms previous observations that patients with AAA have a high prevalence of hernias. Our results suggest that hernias do not contribute to increased severity of the aneurysmal disease.