gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zum Hydratationsverhalten von synthetischen Magnesiowüstiten (1987)

Eine ausreichende Raumbeständigkeit ist die notwendige Voraussetzung für die Verwendung von Stahlwerksschlacken als Baustoff mit höheren qualitativen Anforderungen im Straßenbau. Die Raumbeständigkeit kann durch Mineralphasen gefährdet werden, die mit Feuchtigkeit unter Volumenzunahme hydratisieren. Zu den hydratisierbaren Mineralphasen zählen Freikalk und in MgO‐reichen Schlacken auch bestimmte MgO‐Phasen. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen an MgO‐reichen LD‐Schlacken zeigen, daß das MgO größtenteils in Form von Magnesiowüstiten – Mischkristallen zwischen MgO und FeO/MnO – gebunden vorliegt. Während reines MgO hydratisierbar ist, verhalten sich FeO und MnO inert gegenüber Feuchtigkeit. Anhand von synthetisch hergestellten Magnesiowüstiten unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung wurde geprüft, welche Mischkri‐stalle als hydratisierbar einzustufen sind. Dazu wurden Hydratationsversuche bei unterschiedlichen Temperatur‐/Druck‐Bedin‐gungen durchgeführt. Bei 84°C/0,53 bar war zur Stabilisierung der Magnesiowüstite ein (FeO + MnO)‐Gehalt von 30% notwendig, bei 215°C/21 bar lag dieser Gehalt bei 60%. Da sich die Bedingungen bei der Prüfung im Labor von denen in der Straße deutlich unterscheiden, ist die Festlegung eines (FeO + MnO)‐Grenzgehalts, durch den Magnesiowüstite unter den in einer Straße herrschenden Bedingungen stabilisiert werden, zur Zeit noch nicht möglich. Solange die Übertragbarkeit der Laborergebnisse auf die Praxis noch nicht nachgewiesen ist, wird der unter den sehr scharfen Autoklavbedingungen ermittelte MgO‐Grenzgehalt von 40% zugrunde gelegt. Als hydratisierbares MgO – oder auch MgO frei in Analogie zu CaO frei – werden somit ungebundenes MgO und Magnesiowüstite mit &gt; 40% MgO bezeichnet.
Acoustic and optical characterization of ultrasound contrast agents via flow cytometry (2012)

Characterizing ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) involve measuring the size and population distribution. However, these instruments do not allow for characterization of shell properties, which are important for (1) stability to administration and circulation throughout the vasculature; (2) UCA response to ultrasound; and (3) conjugating ligands for molecular imaging. Thus it is critical to understand the physical and rheological properties of shells. We previously developed a light scattering technique to characterize the shell properties of UCAs [Guan and Matula, JASA, Vol 116(5), 2004; Tu, et al., IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelec., and Freq. Control, vol. 58(5), 2011]. The most recent manifestation involves a flow cytometer modified with a custom square quartz flow cell in place of the standard nozzle and fluid jet. Acoustic coupling to the carrier sheath fluid and UCA samples occurred through a PZT bonded to one side of the flow cell. The PZT-driven UCA oscillations were processed and fitted to the Marmottant UCA model. Shell properties for UCAs (including Definity, Optison, SonoVue, and even homemade bubbles) were determined. The focus of this talk will be on pressure calibration and additional measurements of unpublished data from Optison and homemade bubbles. (Funded in part by the Life Sciences Discovery Fund #3292512)
A critical examination of the assumptions underlying macroscopic transport equations for silicon devices (1993)

Assumptions used to derive macroscopic transport equations for silicon devices are critically examined. The position- and momentum-dependent distribution function for a silicon n-i-n diode is obtained from a rigorous solution to the Boltzmann equation, and various macroscopic quantities, such as the electron temperature tensor, energy and heat fluxes, and mobility, are rigorously evaluated and compared with widely used approximations. The common approximation of the heat flux by Fourier's law is shown to differ substantially from the actual heat flux. The results also show that at a given energy, the mobility within a submicrometer device can be much different than that for electrons at the same energy in bulk silicon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of Backscatter Radiation on Cranial Bone Fixation Devices (2018)

Postoperative radiation can cause ulcer formation, leading to the denudation of skin over alloplastic materials. The influence of backscatter radiation from fixation devices has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate backscatter dose variations for different cranial bone fixation devices in an experimental model designed to simulate postoperative radiotherapy. The authors assessed the radiation backscatter doses associated with resorbable (PLLA-PGA) and titanium plates. The samples were irradiated with 6 and 10 MV photon beams from a linear accelerator. Measurements were obtained using an ionization chamber and radiochromic films cut from the same batch. As a result, the backscatter radiation of water and PLLA-PGA proportionally decreased as the depth increased. However, the backscatter radiation of the titanium plate increased just above the plate. This depth lies in the region of the scalp. Each material showed a dose of radioactivity that was higher at 10 MV than that at 6 MV. These devices showed a significant difference, which suggested that these materials amplified the dose compared with water at 6 MV. In conclusion, it is supposed that PLLA-PGA should be used to fix the cranium to decrease the potential for radiation ulcers.
Modeling of Asphaltene Precipitation Due to Changes in Composition Using the Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Equation of State (2007)

Asphaltene precipitation and deposition adversely affect production assurance and are key risk factors in assessing difficult environments such as deepwater. Deposition in the near well bore regions and production tubulars implies high intervention and remediation costs. Prediction of asphaltene precipitation onset represents a challenge for the flow assurance area. The applicability of the PC-SAFT equation of state model to predict asphaltene onset of the precipitation in live oils is demonstrated by studying representative examples from field experiences with asphaltene problems during production. These examples not only validate the proposed model but also confirm the theory that asphaltene phase behavior can be explained based only on molecular size and van der Waals interactions. The PC-SAFT equation of state estimates also properties such as densities and bubble points of live oil systems using a minimum number of real components and “realistic” pseudocomponents. The amount and composition of the asphaltene precipitated phase is also determined as part of the equilibrium calculations. This paper presents experimental observations and simulation results at reservoir conditions using the PC-SAFT equation of state on the effect of compositional changes in live oils caused by two common processes in the oil industry: oil-based-mud (OBM) contamination and reinjection of associated gas. In the first case, the downhole oil samples can be contaminated with OBM, causing laboratory measurements of the bubble point and asphaltene precipitation to be different from the reservoir fluid. In the second case, the reinjection of gas into the field increases the gas−oil-ratio (GOR) of the oil. The addition of gas into the oil can cause asphaltene precipitation and deposition due to the increase of light components that reduces asphaltene solubility. Asphaltenes in this example are treated as both monodisperse and polydisperse pseudocomponents. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the live oil modeled using the PC-SAFT equation of state properly predicts the asphaltene phase behavior under these compositional changes. The PC-SAFT equation of state model is a commercially available, proven tool.
Assessment of myocardial viability in rats: Evaluation of a new method using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and Gd‐DOTA at high magnetic field (2004)

The aim of this study was to detect salvageable peri-infarction myocardium by MRI in rats after infarction, using with a double contrast agent (CA) protocol at 7 Tesla. Intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and an extracellular paramagnetic CA (Gd-DOTA) were used to characterize the peri-infarction zone, which may recover function after reperfusion occurs. Infarcted areas measured from T1-weighted (T1-w) images post Gd-DOTA administration were overestimated compared to histological TTC staining (52% +/- 3% of LV surface area vs. 40% +/- 3%, P=0.03) or to T2-w images post SPIO administration (41% +/- 4%, P=0.04), whereas areas measured from T2-w images post SPIO administration were not significantly different from those measured histologically (P=0.7). Viable and nonviable myocardium portions of ischemically injured myocardium were enhanced after diffusive Gd-DOTA injection. The subsequent injection of vascular SPIO nanoparticles enables the discrimination of viable peri-infarction regions by specifically altering the signal of the still-vascularized myocardium.
Venous thromboembolism in Jamaican women: experience in a university hospital in Kingston. (2009)

Venous thromboembolism was common in this cohort of women and avoidance of risk factors and institution of prophylaxis in high risk women is important to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Cathodoluminescence of near-surface centres in Cr-doped MgO(001) thin films probed by scanning tunnelling microscopy (2012)

Crystalline MgO films with a defined level of Cr dopants (MgOCr) are prepared by either subsequent or simultaneous deposition of Cr and Mg atoms in an oxygen ambience onto a Mo(001) support. The structural and morphological parameters of the doped films are investigated using low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Whereas at low Cr concentration the doped oxide has similar properties to pristine MgO(001), a new Cr/Mg mixed oxide develops at higher Cr load. The nature of the Cr impurities in the MgO matrix is deduced from cathodoluminescence spectroscopy performed by electron injection from the STM tip into the oxide film. In agreement with earlier studies on MgOCr bulk crystals, the majority of Cr adopts a 3 + charge state and occupies Mg substitutional sites. The dopants give rise to sharp emission lines at about 700 nm, arising from radiative electron transitions between the Cr 3d levels split in the MgO crystal field. From the spectral evolution upon annealing the MgOCr films, we deduce a strong tendency of the dopants to accumulate in a near-surface region. Our experiments demonstrate that high-quality MgOCr films with similar optical properties as bulk samples can be prepared on conductive supports, being a first step to make doped oxide materials accessible to surface science studies.
Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and t(X;5): Are There Upstream Regulatory Elements of the Androgen Receptor Gene? (2004)

Genetic defects of the AR gene are collectively called androgen insensitivity syndrome and include a range of phenotypes from normal males, often with associated sterility, to XY females. The phenotype seen in the males with the t(X;5) is consistent with this syndrome. The analysis of the chromosomal abnormality suggests that this translocation may remove one or more upstream regulatory elements of the AR gene that are essential for its normal expression and its role in typical external masculinization.
Relation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury history to abnormalities on a preliminary Neuroendocrine screen; A multicenter LIMBIC-CENC analysis (2022)

This study shows no evidence that remote mTBI(s) or implicated post-concussiveclinical features are linked to GHD, hypothyroidism or male hypogonadism. Large case-controlstudies incorporating more definitive neuroendocrine disorder NED testing (TSH plus thyroxine, early morning testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin and GH provocative testing) are needed to determine whether mTBI(s) alone elevate one's risk for chronic NED and how best to select patients for comprehensive testing.
Mechanistic insight into the effects of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor activation on osteogenic differentiation (2017)

While inhibition of bone healing and increased rates of pseudarthrosis are known adverse outcomes associated with cigarette smoking, the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. Recent work has implicated the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (Ahr) as one mediator of the anti-osteogenic effects of cigarette smoke (CS), which contains numerous toxic ligands for the Ahr. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) is a high-affinity Ahr ligand frequently used to evaluate Ahr pathway activation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the downstream mechanisms of dioxin action on bone regeneration and investigate Ahr antagonism as a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate the effects of dioxin on bone. Markers of osteogenic activity and differentiation were assessed in primary rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) after exposure to dioxin, Ahr antagonists, or antagonist + dioxin. Four Ahr antagonists were evaluated: α-Naphthoflavone (ANF), resveratrol (Res), 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), and luteolin (Lut). Our results demonstrate that dioxin inhibited ALP activity, migratory capacity, and matrix mineralization, whereas co-treatment with each of the antagonists mitigated these effects. Dioxin also inhibited BMSC chemotaxis, while co-treatment with several antagonists partially rescued this effect. RNA and protein expression studies found that dioxin down-regulated numerous pro-osteogenic targets, whereas co-treatment with Ahr antagonists prevented these dioxin-induced expression changes to varying degrees. Our results suggest that dioxin adversely affects bone regeneration in a myriad of ways, many of which appear to be mediated by the Ahr. Our work suggests that the Ahr should be investigated as a therapeutic target to combat the adverse effects of CS on bone healing.
Identification of a novel dual angiotensin II/vasopressin receptor. (1998)

The isolation and molecular characterization of the Ang II/AVP receptor elucidates the structure of a novel dual receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase and responding with equal sensitivity to Ang II and AVP. The cloning strategy in conjunction with site directed mutagenesis have permitted the delineation of the Ang II and AVP binding domains within the receptor polypeptide. Pharmacological characterization of the receptor defines the AngII/AVP receptor as a novel AT1/V2 type of receptor. The renal immunocytochemical distribution of the Ang II/AVP receptor to the outer medullary thick ascending limb tubules and inner medullary collecting ducts suggests a prominent role in renal tubular sodium and fluid reabsorption.
Modified Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimating Equation for Chinese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2006)

The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations provide a rapid method of assessing GFR in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, previous research indicated that modification of these equations is necessary for application in Chinese patients with CKD. The objective of this study was to modify MDRD equations on the basis of the data from the Chinese CKD population and compare the diagnostic performance of the modified MDRD equations with that of the original MDRD equations across CKD stages in a multicenter, cross-sectional study of GFR estimation from plasma creatinine, demographic data, and clinical characteristics. A total of 684 adult patients with CKD, from nine geographic regions of China were selected. A random sample of 454 of these patients were included in the training sample set, and the remaining 230 patients were included in the testing sample set. With the use of the dual plasma sampling (99m)Tc-DTPA plasma clearance method as a reference for GFR measurement, the original MDRD equations were modified by two methods: First, by adding a racial factor for Chinese in the original MDRD equations, and, second, by applying multiple linear regression to the training sample and modifying the coefficient that is associated with each variable in the original MDRD equations and then validating in the testing sample and comparing it with the original MDRD equations. All modified MDRD equations showed significant performance improvement in bias, precision, and accuracy compared with the original MDRD equations, and the percentage of estimated GFR that did not deviate >30% from the reference GFR was >75%. The modified MDRD equations that were based on the Chinese patients with CKD offered significant advantages in different CKD stages and could be applied in clinical practice, at least in Chinese patients with CKD.
Development of an Automated Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer for the Determination of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds (2007)

Volatile organic compounds released from the biosphere are known to have a large impact on atmospheric chemistry. Field instruments for the detection of these trace gases are often limited by the lack of instrument portability and the inability to distinguish compounds of interest from background or other interfering compounds. We have developed an automated sampling and preconcentration system, coupled to a lightweight, low-power cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer. The instrument was evaluated by measuring isoprene concentrations during a field campaign at the University of Michigan Biological Station PROPHET lab. Isoprene was preconcentrated by sampling directly into a short capillary column precooled without the aid of cryogens. The capillary column was then rapidly heated by moving the column to a preheated region to obtain fast separation of isoprene from other components, followed by detection with a cylindrical ion trap. This combination yielded a detection limit of approximately 80 ppt (parts per trillion) for isoprene with a measurement frequency of one sample every 11 min. The data obtained by the automated sampling and preconcentration system during the PROPHET 2005 campaign were compared to those of other field instruments measuring isoprene at this site in an intercomparison exercise. The intercomparisons suggest the new inlet system, when coupled with this ion trap detector, provides a viable field instrument for the fast, precise, and quantitative determination of isoprene and other trace gases over a variety of atmospheric conditions.
The Influence of Four Types of Symbol Synchronizers on the Error Probability of a PAM Receiver (1984)

In this paper we derive a tight upper bound on the symbol error probability of a PAM receiver, consisting of a matched filter, a sampler which is subject to symbol timing errors resulting from a synchronizer, and a Viterbi detector. Our results pertain to four types of symbol synchronizers which have recently been treated in literature, and whose influence on the error probability has not been examined before. For both cases of NRZ-PAM and a cosine rolloff spectrum, we present graphs of the upper bound versus the receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with the synchronizer bandwidths as a parameter. From these graphs the design engineer directly reads the synchronizer bandwidth that is needed to achieve the desired error probability at the specific receiver SNR. Finally, we point out when an infinite SNR yields either a zero or a nonzero error probability.
Etoposide as an in vitro purging agent for the treatment of acute leukemias and lymphomas in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation. (1986)

We examined the effects of various concentrations of etoposide (20-125 microM, 2-h incubation) on normal bone marrow and seven malignant cell lines: HL-60, K562, Namalva, MOLT-3, CEM-7, and the Hodgkin's cell lines L428KS and L428KSA. Tumor cell log-kill was dose dependent and greater than 4 for all cell lines but L428KSA (log-kill, 3.73). Median recovery of CFU-GM after purging with 75, 100, and 125 microM etoposide was 3.6%, 1.3%, and 1% of the controls, respectively. After one week of long-term marrow culture (LTMC), recovery increased 10-20 times/10(5) cells plated, reaching median values of 33.6%, 23.5%, and 20.7% of the controls in samples purged with 75, 100, and 125 microM etoposide, respectively. Flow cytometry for cell-cycle analysis and RNA content, and chromosomal studies of one-week-old LTMC from healthy donors detected no significant abnormalities in purged as compared to control cultures. After 3-4 weeks of LTMC, both control and etoposide-treated cells formed confluent monolayers. Using a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies (S3.13, S16.144, S4.7, S8.6, RIB-19, anti-HLA-DR, and VIL-A1), we investigated the expression of early and late differentiation antigens on LTMC after various culture times (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks). None of the early antigens S3.13, S16.144, and S8.6 was significantly reduced following etoposide treatment, either in nonadherent cells collected from the supernatant or in the adherent cell population obtained from trypsinized monolayers. Etoposide treatment dose dependently delayed the expression of RIB-19 (a late myeloid antigen) and, to a lesser extent, of S4.7 (an "intermediate" myelomonocytic marker). VIL-A1 expression was not affected by etoposide treatment. We conclude that etoposide purging of bone marrow in the 75-125 microM range spares a sufficient number of functionally intact stem cells to allow adequate in vivo reconstitution following autologous transplantation.
Reduced cadherin expression associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Better understanding of the molecular basis of resistance is needed to improve management of pest resistance to transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Here we analyzed resistance of the pink bollworm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ) to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, which is used widely in transgenic Bt cotton. Field‐evolved practical resistance of pink bollworm to Cry1Ac is widespread in India, but not in China or the United States. Previous work with laboratory‐ and field‐selected pink bollworm indicated that resistance to Cry1Ac is caused by changes in the amino acid sequence of a midgut cadherin protein (PgCad1) that binds Cry1Ac in susceptible larvae. RESULTS Relative to a susceptible strain, the laboratory‐selected APHIS‐R strain had 530‐fold resistance to Cry1Ac with autosomal recessive inheritance. Unlike previous results, resistance in this strain was not consistently associated with insertions or deletions in the expected amino acid sequence of PgCad1. However, this resistance was associated with 79‐ to 190‐fold reduced transcription of the PgCad1 gene and markedly lower abundance of PgCad1 protein. CONCLUSION The ability of pink bollworm and other major pests to evolve resistance to Bt toxins via both qualitative and quantitative changes in receptor proteins demonstrates their remarkable adaptability and presents challenges for monitoring and managing resistance to Bt crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Vibrational energy dynamics of large molecules in condensed phases (1989)

An objective that is important to chemistry is the determination of the T1, relaxation pathway. in recent time-resolved Raman experiments we have discovered that large—nonstatistical-—fractions of the N-H vibrational excitation of pyrrole are found later In the C–C stretch excitation. It was also shown that the relaxation pathway is intermolecular so that collisions induce the transfer of vibrational energy between neighboring molecules of pyrrole. By using benzene as a solvent we also showed that the N-H excitation energy flows quite efficiently into the benzene ring mode at 992 cm-1. The energy flow in this case is critically dependant on the preferred geometric structures In solution in which the N-H group is weakly bonding with the II-electron system of a neighboring molecule. Studies in glasses show that the vibrational dynamics are heterogeneous.