gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mid‐latitude lidar observations of planetary waves in the middle atmosphere during the winter of 1981–1982 (1983)

A quasi‐continuous survey of the stratospheric and mesospheric temperature was performed, between June 1981 and April 1982, using the lidar station of the Observatory of Haute‐Provence (44°N, 6°E). During the period of easterly winds in the lower stratosphere (i.e., from June to September), the variability of the temperature is observed to be very low. As long as prevailing winds are westerlies, from October to March, temperature profiles are continuously perturbed by planetary waves, with a maximum of amplitude in January 1982, before the ‘strong minor warning’ of the winter. Spectral analysis of the data indicates the presence of a well‐defined 18‐day wave interpreted as a free Rossby wave and the existence of large perturbations with periods of 25 to 40 days which are tentatively explained as a succession of minor upper stratospheric warmings due to the interference of the 18 day traveling Rossby wave and a stationary wave.
Management of hazardous materials generated by environmental analytical laboratories (1994)

All environmental analytical laboratories unavoidably generate some hazardous waste in the performance of their activities. A workable plan to manage this waste is essential to the safe, economical, and legal operation of such a laboratory. Government environmental laboratories have the added responsibility of serving as examples to the industrial community and public under their jurisdiction. Other laboratories engaged in this kind of work may find our Standard Operating Procedure for the management of laboratory generated hazardous waste a helpful resource for developing their own plan appropriate to their specific needs.
Properties of Jets inZBoson Events from 1.8 TeVp¯pCollisions (1996)

We present a study of events with $Z$ bosons and hadronic jets produced in $\overline{p}p$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV. The data consist of 6708 $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays from $106{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected using the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The $Z+\ensuremath{\ge}n$ jet cross sections and jet production properties have been measured for $n\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$ to 4. The data are compared to predictions of leading-order QCD matrix element calculations with added gluon radiation and simulated parton fragmentation.
Leukocyte-specific protein 1 targets the ERK/MAP kinase scaffold protein KSR and MEK1 and ERK2 to the actin cytoskeleton (2004)

The identification and characterization of scaffold and targeting proteins of the ERK/MAP kinase pathway is important to understand the function and intracellular organization of this pathway. The F-actin binding protein leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) binds to PKCbetaI and expression of B-LSP1, an LSP1 truncate containing the PKCbetaI binding residues, inhibits anti-IgM-induced translocation of PKCbetaI to the plasma membrane and anti-IgM-induced activation of ERK2. To understand the role of LSP1 in the regulation of PKCbetaI-dependent ERK2 activation, we investigated whether LSP1 interacts with ERK/MAP kinase pathway components and targets these proteins to the actin cytoskeleton. We show that LSP1 associates with the ERK scaffold protein KSR and with MEK1 and ERK2. LSP1-associated MEK1 is activated by anti-IgM treatment and this activation is inhibited by expression of B-LSP1, suggesting that the activation of LSP1-associated MEK1 is PKCbetaI dependent. Confocal microscopy showed that LSP1 targets KSR, MEK1 and ERK2 to peripheral actin filaments. Thus our data show that LSP1 is a cytoskeletal targeting protein for the ERK/MAP kinase pathway and support a model in which MEK1 and ERK2 are organized in a cytoskeletal signaling complex together with KSR, PKCbetaI and LSP1 and are activated by anti-IgM in a PKCbetaI-dependent manner.
Patterns of Early Lexical and Cognitive Development in Premature and Full-Term Infants (1991)

The linguistic and cognitive development of 26 premature and 27 full-term infants was studied longitudinally over the first 3 years of life. Infants in the premature population included 12 who were below 1500 g in birthweight and an even larger number with "at risk" signs. Language samples were collected in the home approximately every other month, the children were given experimenter-designed tests periodically, and mothers were asked to keep diaries of their children's lexical development. The children were given standardized tests as they exited the study. Cognitive development was also measured periodically. The patterns of lexical and cognitive development of the prematures did not differ markedly from those of full-term infants. There were no significant differences between the prematures as a whole and the full-term infants on standard language test measures as they exited from the study. There were significant differences between the very low birthweight and full-term infants on two of the exit measures. However, the performance of the very low birthweight infants was well within the range of normal on these two measures. The nature of the study and the factors that might have led to lack of differences between the two groups are discussed.
The melanoma tumor glyco-code impacts human dendritic cells’ functionality and dictates clinical outcomes (2023)

Subversion of immunity is a hallmark of cancer development. Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategic immune cells triggering anti-tumor immune responses, but tumor cells exploit their versatility to subvert their functions. Tumor cells harbor unusual glycosylation patterns, which can be sensed through glycan-binding receptors (lectins) expressed by immune cells that are crucial for DCs to shape and orientate antitumor immunity. Yet, the global tumor glyco-code and its impact on immunity has not been explored in melanoma. To decrypt the potential link between aberrant glycosylation patterns and immune evasion in melanoma, we investigated the melanoma tumor glyco-code through the GLYcoPROFILE™ methodology (lectin arrays), and depicted its impact on patients' clinical outcome and DC subsets' functionality. Specific glycan patterns correlated with clinical outcome of melanoma patients, GlcNAc, NeuAc, TF-Ag and Fuc motifs being associated with poor outcome, whereas Man and Glc residues elicited better survival. Strikingly, tumor cells differentially impacting cytokine production by DCs harbored distinct glyco-profiles. GlcNAc exhibited a negative influence on cDC2s, whereas Fuc and Gal displayed inhibitory impacts on cDC1s and pDCs. We further identified potential booster glycans for cDC1s and pDCs. Targeting specific glycans on melanoma tumor cells restored DCs' functionality. The tumor glyco-code was also linked to the nature of the immune infiltrate. This study unveils the impact of melanoma glycan patterns on immunity, and paves the way for innovative therapeutic options. Glycans/lectins interactions arise as promising immune checkpoints to rescue DCs from tumor' hijacking to reshape antitumor immunity and inhibit immunosuppressive circuits triggered by aberrant tumor glycosylation.
Using Ultradeep Pyrosequencing to Study HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage in Primary and Dual Infection (2013)

HIV-1 dual infection (DI) and CXCR4 (X4) coreceptor usage are associated with accelerated disease progression but frequency and dynamics of coreceptor usage during DI is unknown. Ultradeep sequencing was used to interrogate for DI and infer coreceptor usage in longitudinal blood samples of 102 subjects. At baseline, X4 usage was high (23 subjects harbored X4 variants) and was not associated with infection duration or DI. Coreceptor usage changed over time in 12 of 47 participants, and X4 usage emerged in 4 of 41 monoinfections vs 2 of 5 superinfections (P = .12), suggesting a weak statistical trend toward occurrence of superinfection and acquiring X4 usage.
Security Aspects of Piecewise Hashing in Computer Forensics (2011)

Although hash functions are a well-known method in computer science to map arbitrary large data to bit strings of a fixed length, their use in computer forensics is currently very limited. As of today, in a pre-step process hash values of files are generated and stored in a database, typically a cryptographic hash function like MD5 or SHA-1 is used. Later the investigator computes hash values of files, which he finds on a storage medium, and performs look ups in his database. This approach has several drawbacks, which have been sketched in the community, and some alternative approaches have been proposed. The most popular one is due to Jesse Kornblum, who transferred ideas from spam detection to computer forensics in order to identify similar files. However, his proposal lacks a thorough security analysis. It is therefore one aim of the paper at hand to present some possible attack vectors of an active adversary to bypass Kornblum's approach. Furthermore, we present a pseudo random number generator being both more efficient and more random compared to Kornblum's pseudo random number generator.
Observations of the Soft X-Ray Background (1972)

Observations of the diffuse X-ray background over a hemisphere of the sky in the galactic anticenter direction provide clear evidence for an excess intensity below 1 keV in all directions. The correlation of this low-energy flux with galactic latitude and with hydrogen column density implies that the radiation originates partially within and partially outside the absorbing layers of the Galaxy. The data are consistent with a model combining an isotropic extragalactic flux with a component due to emitters distributed in the same way as the galactic hydrogen. The mean absorption coefficient of the interstellar medium for photons near 0.28 keV agrees with the theoretically expected value for a uniform absorbing medium and a normal Heill abundance ratio. If discrete sources are responsible for the intensity observed near the galactic plane, then a high density of low4uminosity objects is consistent with our data.
On designing and evaluating speech event detectors (2005)

We study issues related to designing speech event detectors for automatic speech recognition. Event detection is a critical component of a recently proposed automatic speech attribute transcription (ASAT) paradigm for speech research. Similar to keyword spotting and non-keyword rejection, a good detector needs to effectively detect speech attributes of interest while rejecting extraneous events. We compare frame and segment based detectors, study their properties in detecting manners of articulation, and propose new performance measures. We test these detectors on the TIMIT database with several evaluation criteria. Our results indicate that segment based detectors outperform frame based detectors in several key aspects of speech detector design. We also show that the performance can be significantly enhanced by incorporating discriminative training into designing speech event detectors.
Translational Efficiency of cMyc mRNA in Burkitt Lymphoma Cells (1984)

The translational efficiency of cMyc mRNAs was assessed in a variety of cell lines: HeLa cells and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes, both of which contain only the germ line cMyc allele; Daudi, a Burkitt cell line containing a translocated cMyc gene with no apparent alteration; and P3HR-1, a Burkitt line in which the 5' end of the translocated cMyc gene has been altered by the chromosomal translocation. Translational efficiency was inferred by measuring the number of ribosomes associated with the cMyc mRNA, using a procedure by which individual polysomal fractions were analyzed by blot hybridization. Since polysome size is a function of the length of the translated sequence as well as the rate of initiation of protein synthesis, we also determined the number of ribosomes associated with a control mRNA (alpha tubulin) which codes for a protein of similar size to cMyc. We found that the cMyc mRNA was associated with a number of ribosomes comparable to that associated with alpha tubulin mRNA in all the cell lines tested.
Nonlinear filter design (1987)

A technique for identifying nonlinear systems was introduced, beginning with a single input-single output system. Assuming the system is initially at rest, the first kernel (first convolution integral in the continuous case or first convolution sum in the discrete case) was calculated. A controllable and observable linear realization was then obtained in a particular canonical form. The actual nonlinear system was probed with an appropriate input (or inputs) and the output (or outputs) determined. For the linear system, the input was computed that produces the same output. In the difference between the inputs to the nonlinear and linear systems, basic information was found about the nonlinear system. There is an interesting class of nonlinear systems for which this type of identification scheme should prove to be accurate.
Efficient Catalysis of Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation (2006)

In the presence of an iridium pincer complex, dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (H3NBH3) occurs rapidly at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran to generate 1.0 equivalent of H2 and [NH2BH2]5. A metal borohydride complex has been isolated as a dormant form of the catalyst which can be reactivated by reaction with H2.
Front Cover: Photo‐Initiated Reduction of CO2 by H2 on Silica Surface (ChemSusChem 7/2018) (2018)

The Front Cover illustrates a strategy to convert CO2 to CO selectively by vacuum UV photolysis via a chain radical mechanism. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Liu et al. on page 1163 in Issue 7, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702341).
Time‐resolved fluorescence imaging of europium chelate label in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (1992)

Fluorescent lanthanide chelates with long decay times allow the suppression of the fast decaying autofluorescence in biological specimens. This property makes lanthanide chelates attractive as labels for fluorescence microscopy. As a consequence of the suppression of the background fluorescence the sensitivity can be increased. We modified a standard epifluorescence microscope for time-resolved fluorescence imaging by adding a pulsed light source and a chopper in the narrow aperture plane. A cooled CCD-camera was used for detection and the images were digitally processed. A fluorescent europium chelate was conjugated to antisera and to streptavidin. These conjugates were used for the localization of tumor associated antigen C242 in the malignant mucosa of human colon, for the localization of type II collagen mRNA in developing human cartilaginary growth plates, and for the detection of HPV type specific gene sequences in the squamous epithelium of human cervix. The specific slowly decaying fluorescence of the europium label could be effectively separated from the fast decaying background fluorescence. It was possible to use the europium label at the cell and tissue level and the autofluorescence was effectively suppressed in in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical reactions in both frozen and formaldehyde-fixed, wax-embedded specimens.
Performance of Ag/Al2O3catalysts in the liquid phase oxidation of glycerol – effect of preparation method and reaction conditions (2015)

A series of silver supported catalysts have been developed and proposed for mild oxidation of glycerol in the liquid phase. High selectivity to glycolic acid, stability in both continuous-flow and periodic mode of reaction, and good resistance to crude glycerol impurities have been achieved.
Recipes for Organic Phantoms and Characterization by Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (2012)

Three recipes for tissue constituent-equivalent phantoms of water and lipids are presented. The phantom optical characterization showed good homogeneity and reproducibility. Estimates of composition by time-resolved spectroscopy were also performed.
How β-Lactam Antibiotics Enter Bacteria: A Dialogue with the Porins (2009)

We propose the idea of a molecular "passport" that allows rapid transport of substrates through porins. Deciphering antibiotic translocation provides new insights for the design of novel drugs that may be highly effective at passing through the porin constriction zone. Such data may hold the key for the next generation of antibiotics capable of rapid intracellular accumulation to circumvent the further development MDR infections.
The P harmacologic and C linical E ffects of M edical C annabis (2013)

Cannabis, or marijuana, has been used for medicinal purposes for many years. Several types of cannabinoid medicines are available in the United States and Canada. Dronabinol (schedule III), nabilone (schedule II), and nabiximols (not U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved) are cannabis-derived pharmaceuticals. Medical cannabis or medical marijuana, a leafy plant cultivated for the production of its leaves and flowering tops, is a schedule I drug, but patients obtain it through cannabis dispensaries and statewide programs. The effect that cannabinoid compounds have on the cannabinoid receptors (CB(1) and CB(2) ) found in the brain can create varying pharmacologic responses based on formulation and patient characteristics. The cannabinoid Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol has been determined to have the primary psychoactive effects; the effects of several other key cannabinoid compounds have yet to be fully elucidated. Dronabinol and nabilone are indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy and of anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, pain and muscle spasms are the most common reasons that medical cannabis is being recommended. Studies of medical cannabis show significant improvement in various types of pain and muscle spasticity. Reported adverse effects are typically not serious, with the most common being dizziness. Safety concerns regarding cannabis include the increased risk of developing schizophrenia with adolescent use, impairments in memory and cognition, accidental pediatric ingestions, and lack of safety packaging for medical cannabis formulations. This article will describe the pharmacology of cannabis, effects of various dosage formulations, therapeutics benefits and risks of cannabis for pain and muscle spasm, and safety concerns of medical cannabis use.
Translation Drag Coefficient of a Self-Similar Assembly of Spheres Immersed in an Incompressible Fluid (2001)

On the basis of deterministic fractals and the Rotne-Prager hydrodynamic interaction tensor, we confirm the asymptotic as well as the finite size scaling of the friction coefficient lambda of a self-similar structure. The fractal assembly is made of N spheres with its dimension varying from D < 1 to D = 3. The number of spheres can be as high as N approximately O(10(4)). The asymptotic scaling behavior of the friction coefficient per sphere is lambda approximately N(1/D-1) for D > 1, lambda approximately (lnN)(-1) for D = 1, and lambda approximately N(0) for D < 1. The crossover behavior indicates that while in the regime of D > 1 the hydrodynamic screening effect grows with the size, for D<1 it is limited in a finite range, which decays with decreasing D.
Enhancement and suppression of transmission in 3D nanoslits arrays with 1- and 2D periodicities (2011)

We investigate the transmission properties of arrays of three-dimensional (3-D) gold patches having one- and two-dimensional (1- and 2-D) periodicities, and describe the interaction of cavity and surface plasmon modes. We vary the main geometrical parameters to assess similarities and emphasize differences between 1-D and 2-D periodic patterns. We analyze the spectral response as a function of incident angle and polarization to corroborate our findings. We will also consider form and air filling factors of the grating to assess our ability to control the transmission spectrum. In particular, we observe strong inhibition of the transmission when the impinging wave-vector parallel to the surface of the metal matches the surface plasmon wave-vector of the unperturbed air-gold interface when added to the grating lattice wave-vector. This phenomenon favors the opening of a plasmonic band gap, featuring the suppression of transmission and simultaneous coupling to back-radiation (reflections) of the unperturbed surface plasmon. High-Q, resonating modes occur at the edges of the forbidden band, boosting the energy transfer across the grating thus providing enhanced transmission and broadside directivity at the exit side of the grating.
Intrinsic concentration, effective densities of states, and effective mass in silicon (1990)

An inconsistency between commonly used values of the silicon intrinsic carrier concentration, the effective densities of states in the conduction and valence bands, and the silicon band gap is resolved by critically assessing the relevant literature. As a result of this assessment, experimentally based values for the valence-band ‘‘densities-of-states’’ effective mass are determined in the 300–500 K range and are shown to be in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations. At 300 K, experimentally based values of 3.1×1019 cm−3 for the valence-band effective densities of states and 1.08×1010 cm−3 for the intrinsic carrier concentration are determined. Although in good agreement with theoretical calculations, these are significantly higher and lower, respectively, than commonly used values in the past. These results have important implications in the calculation of other silicon material and device parameters.
Modification of hemopoietic stem cells of BALB/c mice by Rauscher leukemia virus. (1976)

The increasing number of decentralized renewable energy sources together with the grow in overall electricity consumption introduce many new challenges related to dimensioning of grid assets and supply-demand balancing. Approximately 40% of the total energy consumption is used to cover the needs of commercial and office buildings. To improve the design of the energy infrastructure and the efficient deployment of resources, new paradigms have to be thought up. Such new paradigms need automated methods to dynamically predict the energy consumption in buildings. At the same time these methods should be easily expandable to higher levels of aggregation such as neighbourhoods and the power distribution grid. Predicting energy consumption for a building is complex due to many influencing factors, such as weather conditions, performance and settings of heating and cooling systems, and the number of people present. In this paper, we investigate a newly developed stochastic model for time series prediction of energy consumption, namely the Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (CRBM), and evaluate its performance in the context of building automation systems. The assessment is made on a real dataset consisting of 7 weeks of hourly resolution electricity consumption collected from a Dutch office building. The results showed that for the energy prediction problem solved here, CRBMs outperform Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs).
Heterogeneity of the 5′-end in plant mRNA may be involved in mitochondrial translation (2013)

OPINION article Front. Plant Sci., 17 December 2013Sec. Plant Physiology https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00517