gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressing Mixed-State Sources by Sending Classical Information (2001)

We consider visible compression for discrete memoryless sources of mixed quantum states when only classical information can be sent from Alice to Bob. We assume that Bob knows the source statistics, and that Alice and Bob have identical random number generators. We put in an information theoretic framework some recent results on visible compression for sources of states with commuting density operators, and remove the commutativity requirement. We derive a general achievable compression rate, which is for the noncommutative case still higher than the known lower bound. We also present several related problems of classical information theory, and show how they can be used to answer some questions of the mixed state compression problem.
Über die Zerkleinerung in Stiftmühlen (1960)

Abstract Unsere Versuche sollten Auskunft darüber geben, wie sich der Zerkleinerungsgrad in Stiftmühlen steigern läßt. Dieser wird nach der bisherigen Auffassung im wesentlichen dadurch begrenzt, daß die Aufprallgeschwindigkeit mit abnehmender MahlgutGröße wegen Zunahme des spezifischen Flugwiderstandes sinkt, und daß die sehr feinen Teilchen die Stifte mit der Luft umströmen. Diese nachteiligen Erscheinungen lassen sich durch Evakuieren des Mahlraumes ausschalten. Aus derartigen Versuchen ergibt sich, daß der Zerkleinerungsgrad jedoch auch mit abnehmendem Druck nicht nennenswert ansteigt. Daraus folgt, daß der Zerkleinerungsgrad in Stiftmühlen noch durch andere als oben erwähnte Einflüsse begrenzt ist, u. a. dadurch, daß die Bruchfestigkeit spröder Stoffe mit abnehmender KornGröße stark zunimmt. Die Abhängigkeit der Zerkleinerung von der Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Stiftreihen, der KornGröße des Aufgabegutes und der Gasart im Mahlraum werden angegeben.
A Computational Approach to Grammatical Coding of English Words (1963)

As a firs l~ step in many computer language processing systems, each word in a natural language sentence must be coded as to its form-class or part of speech. This paper describes a computational grammar coder which has been completely programmed and is oper~tional on Lhe IBM 7090. It is part of a complete syntactic annlysis system for which it accomplishes word-class coding, using a computational approach rather than the usual method of dictionary lookup. The resulting system is completely contained in less than 1~,000 computer words. It processes running English text on the IBM 7090 at a rate of more than 1250 words per minute. Since the system is not dependent on large dictionaries, it operates on any ordinary English text. In preliminary experiments with scientific text, the system correctly and unambiguously coded over 90 percent of the words in two samples of scientific writing. A fair proportion of the remaining ambiguity can be removed at higher levels of synvactic analysis, but the problem of structural ambiguity in natural languages is seen to be a critical one in the development of practical language processing systems.
Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative Logics (2002)

Many systems that exhibit nonmonotonic behavior have been described and studied already in the literature. The general notion of nonmonotonic reasoning, though, has almost always been described only negatively, by the property it does not enjoy, i.e. monotonicity. We study here general patterns of nonmonotonic reasoning and try to isolate properties that could help us map the field of nonmonotonic reasoning by reference to positive properties. We concentrate on a number of families of nonmonotonic consequence relations, defined in the style of Gentzen. Both proof-theoretic and semantic points of view are developed in parallel. The former point of view was pioneered by D. Gabbay, while the latter has been advocated by Y. Shoham in. Five such families are defined and characterized by representation theorems, relating the two points of view. One of the families of interest, that of preferential relations, turns out to have been studied by E. Adams. The "preferential" models proposed here are a much stronger tool than Adams' probabilistic semantics. The basic language used in this paper is that of propositional logic. The extension of our results to first order predicate calculi and the study of the computational complexity of the decision problems described in this paper will be treated in another paper.
Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and suppression of TNF-induced activation of NFkappaB by edible berry juice. (2007)

These results illustrate that berry juices have striking differences in their potential chemopreventive activity and that the inclusion of a variety of berries in the diet might be useful for preventing the development of tumors.
Aproximaciones al marxismo latinoamericano. Teoría, historia y política (2021)

Este libro es una excelente contribución al conocimiento del marxismo latinoamericano, como conjunto de reflexiones teóricas comprometidas con las clases subalternas y las luchas populares. Los autores discutidos por Fabián Cabaluz y Tomas Torres son muy distintos, por su origen nacional, sus enfoques temáticos, sus orientaciones políticas: René Zavaleta Mercado, Álvaro García Linera, Aníbal Quijano y Enrique Dussel. Con todo, como lo demuestran estos ensayos, son parte de un marxismo latinoamericano heterodoxo, herético, anti dogmático, que intenta crear conceptos y herramientas intelectuales nuevas para entender América Latina - en oposición a un otro tipo de marxismo, que solo busca aplicar los modelos teóricos y políticos formulados por el Comintern, o por la URSS estalinista (del prólogo de Michel Löwy)
Global sourcing: Zeker geen Haarlemmerolie (2002)

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Tethering Interleukin-22 to Apolipoprotein A-I Ameliorates Mice from Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury (2017)

Increasing evidence indicates that interleukin-22 (IL-22) holds tremendous potential as a protective agent in preventing liver injury, but its pleiotropic effects and pathogenic role in carcinogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis restrict its systemic application. Here, we first developed a nanoparticle (liposIA) as a liver-targeted agent through IL-22 tethered to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in a gene therapy vector. LiposIA was prepared using thin film dispersion method and the complexes exhibited desirable nanoparticle size, fine polydisperse index, highly efficient transfection, and excellent serum and storage stability. Biodistribution and hepatic STAT3 phosphorylation studies revealed that IL-22 tethered to ApoA-I led to highly efficient liver targeting. More importantly, our studies showed that a single-dose of liposIA was able to protect mice against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and did not initiate inflammatory response or systemic toxicity <i>in vivo</i>. During this process, activated STAT3/Erk and Akt/mTOR signaling transductions were observed, as well as inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. These studies demonstrated that IL-22 tethered to apolipoprotein A-I could target and ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, which highlighted that a targeted strategy for IL-22 delivery might have broad utility for the protection of hepatocellular damage.
Critical Factors behind Construction Delay in Petrochemical Projects in Saudi Arabia (2018)

This paper presents a study conducted to identify, assess, rank, and compare the most influencing factors causing schedule delays during the construction phase of petrochemical projects in Saudi Arabia. The methodology followed in this research to achieve the main aims is a combination of the comprehensive review of the literature and the interviewing of a number of local experts, which have resulted in identifying 23 factors. A total of 90 completed responses were gathered from 106 received responses. The study found that the most influencing factors causing schedule delays during the construction of petrochemical projects in Saudi Arabia are “Poor site management and supervision by contractors”; “Conflict between the main contractor and subcontractor”; “Poor planning and scheduling of projects by the contractor”; “Delays in material or equipment delivery”; and followed by “Delays in Handing Over Construction Site to the Contractor”. This paper is original in the sense that the areas of knowledge and practice covered in the identified factors were distributed and not available in one source. The factors are derived from personal interviews with selected project managers, project engineers, construction supervisors, and the others from different positions in the project department and from the relevant literature.
Effects of disruption of xylanase-encoding genes on the xylanolytic system of Streptomyces lividans (1994)

Wild-type Streptomyces lividans produced the three xylanases (XlnA, XlnB, and XlnC) when xylan, xylan hydrolysates obtained by the action of XlnA, XlnB, and XlnC, or purified small xylo-oligosaccharides (xylobiose [X2], xylotriose [X3], xylotetraose [X4], and xylopentaose [X5]) were used as the carbon source. The three xylanase genes of S. lividans (xlnA, xlnB, and xlnC) were disrupted by using vectors that integrate into the respective genes. Disruption of one or more of the xln genes resulted in reduced growth rates and reduced total xylanase activities when the strain was grown in xylan. The greatest effect was observed when xlnA was disrupted. In medium containing xylan, disruption of xlnA did not affect expression of xlnB and xlnC; disruption of xlnB did not affect expression of xlnA but affected expression of xlnC; and disruption of xlnC did not affect expression of xlnA but affected expression of xlnB. A fraction of XlnB or XlnC hydrolytic products (those with a degree of polymerization greater than 11 [X11]) was found to stimulate expression of xlnB and xlnC in strains disrupted in xlnC and xlnB, respectively, whereas lower-molecular-weight fractions as well as purified small xylo-oligosaccharides did not. The stimulating molecule(s) lost its effect when it was hydrolyzed further by XlnA. A mechanism of transglycosylation reactions by the S. lividans xylanases is postulated to be involved in the regulation of xln genes.
Report of two cases of influenza virus A/H1N1v and B co-infection during the 2010/2011 epidemics in the Italian Veneto Region (2011)

From October 2010 to April 2011, in the Italian Veneto Region, 1403 hospitalized patients were tested for influenza virus infection by specific real time RT-PCR. Overall, 327 samples were positive for either influenza A (75%) or B (25%) viruses. Among these positive patients two resulted co-infected by A/H1N1v and B viruses. Even though co-infection with both influenza A and B viruses appears to be a rare event, it occurs naturally and may play a role in epidemiology and pathogenicity. In the present study the two co-infected patients were a transplant recipient immunocompromised adult and a child displaying a severe respiratory illness. The co-infection was confirmed by inoculation of the nasopharyngeal swabs in MDCK.2 cells, followed by immunofluorescence and real time RT-PCR assays. Moreover, in the case of the adult patient, the immune system response against both viruses was assayed by hemoagglutination inhibition test against reference influenza virus strains. Both patients fully recovered from infection, without significant differences with mono-infected patients.
Frequency domain down-conversion of HDTV using adaptive motion compensation (2002)

The paper investigates the possible means of down converting an incoming HDTV signal into one which is suitable for display onto an NTSC monitor. We present a novel frequency synthesis algorithm which constructs a set of 8/spl times/8 DCT coefficients from four original 8/spl times/8 DCT blocks. Also, a down-conversion decoder employing a unique adaptive motion compensation algorithm is presented. Using this fixed motion compensation algorithm, the proposed down-conversion technique is compared to the conventional method. Both yield acceptable image sequences with different trade-offs in complexity and quality.
Novel electronic readout systems for photon-counting imagers (2000)

Previously we have described several types of charge division electronic image readouts for microchannel plate based imaging detectors developed at MSSL, primarily for space astronomy applications. These have included the wedge and strip anode<SUP>1</SUP> (WSA), the Vernier anode<SUP>2</SUP> - a high resolution readout, capable of exploiting the limiting spatial resolution offered by the microchannel plate, and FIRE<SUP>3</SUP> - an imaging device operating at event rates in excess of 10 MHz. MSSL and Photek have now joined in collaboration to develop an intensifier based imaging system designed to employ this range of readout systems for general laboratory use. The image intensifier uses the image charge technique<SUP>4,5</SUP> whereby the event charge is used to induce electrical signals on the capacitively coupled readout pattern, obviating the requirement for the readout to be inside the vacuum enclosure. The image readout is manufactured as a separate component, and can be interchanged to suit the specific application requirements. The intensifier tube design can be generic enabling it to be used with a variety if image readouts designs. We describe the image intensifier and electronic design, including the common charge amplifier, event timing and computer interface. We discuss the anticipated performance of the various readout systems - Wedge and Strip, Vernier and FIRE in terms of spatial resolution, maximum count rate, and timing resolution.
Effects of Adenosine on Local Stimulus‐Response Latency and Induction of Atrial Fibrillation by Premature Stimuli (1999)

Premature atrial stimuli delivered during the relative refractory or "vulnerable" period exhibit increased local stimulus-response latency and may occasionally induce atrial arrhythmias. The use of adenosine to treat supraventricular tachycardias may also provoke atrial arrhythmias. In this study we investigated the effects of adenosine on the latency of premature complexes in relation to repolarization and induction of atrial arrhythmias in 14 patients without structural heart disease. A monophasic action potential catheter was used for recording in the right atrium and introducing premature stimuli (S2) at twice diastolic threshold after eight paced (S1) complexes. At short coupling intervals, S2 latency increased relative to S1 latency. S2 was delivered repeatedly at a fixed coupling interval (producing maximal local response latency) and adenosine (6 mg) was given intravenously. Adenosine decreased S2 latency significantly (23+/-5 to 11+/-3 ms, P<0.01), to values similar to S, latency. However, despite the decrease in S2 latency, the combination of adenosine and S2 more often resulted in transient atrial arrhythmias (11 of 14 patients vs 2 of 14 patients without adenosine, P<0.05). Adenosine had no effect on S, latency (9+/-2 vs. 9+/-2 ms) but decreased monophasic action potential duration from 202+/-37 to 158+/-38 ms (P<0.01). Adenosine was also given to 10 patients with S2 introduced at a coupling interval 40-50 ms less than the baseline effective refractory period. This resulted in a decrease in atrial refractoriness and capture of S2 in all cases. Latency for S2 was significantly greater than Si latency (21+/-12 vs. 9+/-2 ms, P<0.01) and transient atrial arrhythmias were induced in 9 of 10 patients. We conclude that for a given S2 coupling interval, adenosine decreases local stimulus-response latency but increases atrial vulnerability to transient atrial arrhythmias. Decreased latency may be related to a shift in the zone of relative refractoriness associated with an adenosine-mediated decrease in monophasic action potential duration. Induction of atrial arrhythmias in the presence of adenosine occurs independently of increased latency and is therefore not dependent on S2 falling within the relative refractory period at the site of stimulation.
Comparison of relative energies and powers (2003)

Many times, you can evaluate a statement or theory just looking to see if the energy and power involved are reasonable. In this article I have included some discussions of notorious, and inaccurate, comparisons. These are designed to show that mere comparisons of energy aren't necessarily significant and that a little qualitative analysis helps to separate the marketing hype from reasonable facts.
Retinal Oximetry (2013)

Dual wavelength oximetry can be used to non-invasively measure retinal vessel oxygen saturation in health and disease. The results indicate that retinal vessel oxygen saturation is (1) increased in the dark, (2) lower in venules affected by central retinal vein occlusions, (3) variable in branch retinal vein occlusion, (4) lower in retinal arterioles in central retinal artery occlusion, (5) increased in diabetic retinopathy, (6-7) mildly affected by glaucoma surgery or dorzolamide.
Analysis and Treatment of Hemifacial Microsomia (1984)

Our experience over the past 25 years leads us to conclude that hemifacial microsomia is a progressive skeletal and soft-tissue deformity with the earliest skeletal manifestations in the mandible. We find that not only does the mandibular asymmetry become worse with time, but as the contralateral side grows, the deformed mandible also increases ipsilateral secondary deformation of the maxilla, nose, and orbit. We also find that there is virtually no "catch up" growth on the affected side of the face and that these patients always become more deformed with age. The psychological problems also increase with time and progression of the facial deformity. Based on our experience with correction of end-stage deformities, we now treat these patients at the earliest possible age, as determined by the patient's skeletal classification. We treat the mandible first in the hope that this repositioning in a more physiologic position will unlock the growth potential of the adjacent structures, minimize secondary deformity, and improve function and appearance to the greater benefit of the skeletal and psychological growth of the patient.
Barriers to rotation in acylguanidines and acylguanidinium ions (1980)

Using both 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy, the free energies of activation (ΔGc‡) values for barriers to rotation in 2-dimethylamino-2-imidazolin-4-one (1a), an acylguanidine, and its hydrochloride salt (1b), an acylguanidinium ion, have been determined to be 15.6 ± 0.1 and 17.6 ± 0.2 kcal mol–1, respectively. In both cases, the rotational barrier about the exocyclic carbon–nitrogen bond was involved. Resonance arguments are used to rationalize these experimental results, and ab initio theoretical calculations are presented that successfully reproduce the relative order of experimentally determined barriers to rotation in guanidinium ions, acylguanidines, and acylguanidinium ions.
Influence of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy and CT/MRI on the Clinical Management of Patients with Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Analysis in 188 Patients (2003)

Though the patients studied mainly suffered from already advanced stages of the disease, all imaging techniques change the therapeutic management to a comparable extent. Our results support the importance of combined imaging in the management of patients with GNT.
Biomolecular Principles: Proteins (2009)

Understand how post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and myristoylation contribute to protein structure and function.
Structural studies of mitomycins. V. Structure of mitomycin H (1991)

C 15 H 16 N 2 O 4 cristallise dans P2 1 2 1 2 1 avec a=10,929, b=13,446, c=9,686 A, Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,039. Dans ce compose, le groupe carbamate, l'un des groupes fonctionnels caracteristiques de la mitomycine, est remplace par une liaison exocyclique −C=C−. Bien que l'ensemble de la conformation excepte pour cette partie, est semblable a celle de la nitromycine A, des influences significatives sur la geometrie, dues a la double liaison, s'etendent a toute la molecule
Anti-parasite activity of nucleoside analogues in Leishmania tropica promastigotes. (1984)

Many nucleoside analogs were screened for anti-protozoa activity on Leishmania tropica in an in vitro culture system. 3'-Deoxyinosine and several tubercidin derivatives were found to be potent inhibitors for growth of the promastigote form of L. tropica. EC50 value of 3'-deoxyinosine was 4.43 X 10(-7)M. This compound was remarkably less toxic towards mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells (EC50, 1.25 X 10(-4) M). 3'-Deoxyinosine is metabolized by Leishmania promastigote to give 3'-deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate, 3'-deoxy-adenosine(cordycepin)-5'-mono, di-, and triphosphates. This means that Leishmania can aminate the 6-position of 3'-deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate, thereby converting it into a highly toxic compound.
Regression Discontinuity and Randomized Controlled Trial Estimates: An Application to The Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trials (2018)

The RD and RCT estimates were similar, although the RD design overestimated effects compared to the RCT.
High-precision optical systems with inexpensive hardware: a unified alignment and structural design approach (2011)

High-precision opto-mechanical structures have historically been plagued by high costs for both hardware and the associated alignment and assembly process. This problem is especially true for space applications where only a few production units are produced. A methodology for optical alignment and optical structure design is presented which shifts the mechanism of maintaining precision from tightly toleranced, machined flight hardware to reusable, modular tooling. Using the proposed methodology, optical alignment error sources are reduced by the direct alignment of optics through their surface retroreflections (pips) as seen through a theodolite. Optical alignment adjustments are actualized through motorized, sub-micron precision actuators in 5 degrees of freedom. Optical structure hardware costs are reduced through the use of simple shapes (tubes, plates) and repeated components. This approach produces significantly cheaper hardware and more efficient assembly without sacrificing alignment precision or optical structure stability. The design, alignment plan and assembly of a 4" aperture, carbon fiber composite, Schmidt-Cassegrain concept telescope is presented.
EXPLORATORY INVESTIGATION OF MULTIPLE MAPPING CLOSURE AS A MIXING MODEL IN LES-CMC (2011)

The scalar dissipation rate is a key quantity in turbulent co mbustion modelling, in particular for Conditional Moment Closure (CMC). Within the CMC framework, its conditional average at a particular value of mixture fraction is of special inter est. The present study examines the deterministic version of Multiple Mapping Closure (MMC) to evaluate the conditionally filtered scalar dissipation rate in the filtered CMC equations in the c ontext of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The objectives of the present investigation are (i) to use MMC to model the conditionally filtered scalar dissipation rate needed in LES-CMC and (ii) to determine if MMC is a viable option in the proposed framework. The paper presents our first results and focuses on the MMC equation, the role of each term in the MMC governing equation and the submodels needed. One major scalar is selected, mixture fraction. The MMC transport equation is implemented in a LES code coupled with CMC to simulate a lifted jet flame in a vi tiated coflow. At this initial stage of the present MMC study, it is useful to separate the MMC results and investigate the MMC operation and modelling alone before solving LES, CMC and MMC together. Thus, the MMC equation is solved starting from frozen flow, mixing and t emperature fields. Discussion is focused on the models of the MMC unclosed terms and their impact on the prediction of the mapping function and the conditionally filtered scalar diss ipation rate. The issue related to low levels of predicted subgrid variance in MMC compared to what is predicted in the LES solver is investigated.