gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonreducing End Structures of Chondroitin Sulfate Chains on Aggrecan Isolated from Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma Cultures (1995)

Chondrocyte cultures derived from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma were metabolically labeled with [35S]sulfate or [6-3H]GlcN. Radiolabeled aggrecan was purified from the cell layer and exhaustively digested with chondroitin ABC lyase. Digestion products were resolved into disaccharide and monosaccharide residues using Toyopearl HW40S chromatography. The separated saccharide pools were reduced with NaBH4 and applied onto a CarboPac PA1 column to resolve all of the internal disaccharide alditols (unsaturated) from the nonreducing end disaccharide (saturated) and monosaccharide alditols. Mercuric acetate treatment was used prior to carbohydrate analysis to identify unambiguously the saturated from the unsaturated disaccharides. The chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains from these aggrecan preparations contained: (a) an internal disaccharide composition of unsulfated (3-4 per chain), 4-sulfated (approximately 32 per chain), 6-sulfated (approximately 1 per 14 chains), and 4,6-sulfated disaccharides (approximately 1 per 6 chains) and (b) a nonreducing terminal composition of 4-sulfated GalNAc (approximately 4 out of every 7 chains), 4,6-disulfated GalNAc (approximately 2 out of every 7 chains), and GlcUA adjacent to a 4-sulfated GalNAc residue (approximately 1 out of every 7 chains). Thus, the vast majority of these CS chains terminated with a sulfated GalNAc residue. The presence of 4,6-disulfated GalNAc at nonreducing termini is 60-fold more abundant than 4,6-disulfated GalNAc in interior disaccharides. This observation is consistent with the suggestion that disulfation of terminal GalNAc residues is involved in chain termination.
Synthesis and Structure-property Relationships of Low-dielectric-constant Fluorinated Polyacrylates (2006)

In this work we have demonstrated that a new class of heavily fluorinated acrylic and methacrylic resins can be efficiently synthesized and then cured to solid form with radical initiator at elevated temperatures. These cured resins were found to have low dielectric constants, which are close to the minimum known values for Teflon and Teflon AF. In contrast to tetrafluoroethylene, our monomers are processable owing to the fact that they are liquids or low-melting solids, and moreover are soluble in common organic solvents. Lower dielectric constants are obtained as fluorine contents on the polymer backbone or side chain increase, when acrylate is replaced by methacrylate, when ether linkages are present in the fluorocarbon, and when aromatic structure is symmetrically meta-substituted.
Efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging avian influenza H5N8 virus in Egypt (2018)

The newly emerging, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4 was recently detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in Egypt in the 2016/2017 winter season. Vaccination based on commercial H5 vaccines is used as an essential control strategy in Egyptian poultry. Here, we studied the efficacy of the eight most common commercial H5 poultry vaccines in the Egyptian market and compared them with an experimental vaccine based on the Egyptian LPAI H5N8 virus that was prepared by using reverse genetics. The experimental vaccine and Re-5 commercial vaccine were able to completely protect chickens and significantly reduce virus shedding. Our results indicate that most of the commercial poultry H5 vaccines used in the present study were ineffective because the seed viruses in these vaccines are genetically distinct from the H5N8 viruses currently circulating in Egypt. Although some of the commercial vaccines protected chickens from mortality, they failed to prevent chickens from shedding the virus. Accordingly, we recommend updating and reinforcing the H5N8 prevention and control strategies in Egypt. The vaccination strategy should be reconsidered based on currently circulating viruses.
Experimental Studies of Mixed-Phase Sticking Efficiency for Ice Crystal Accretion in Jet Engines (2014)

Aircraft jet engines operating at high altitudes in ice crystal clouds can experience operational problems and/or damage resulting from accretion of ingested ice crystals within the compressor. It is believed the ice crystals partially melt, allowing them to stick to internal components. A method for modelling such mixedphase accretion is required to de-risk new engine designs, modify existing designs with such icing issues and define critical operating points for scrutiny in proposed ice crystal certification tests. This paper presents preliminary results for a modelling approach which treats the accretion process as strictly a sticking phenomenon, largely ignoring heat transfer, phase change, runback and other location-dependent effects commonly used in the analysis of supercooled water icing. Ice-on-ice growth is described by a sticking efficiency, defined as the fraction of the mixed-phase impinging mass flux which remains on the surface (i.e. sticks). Experimental results are presented for 3 test articles tested in a small mixed-phase icing tunnel located in an altitude chamber (Research Altitude Test Facility or RATFac) at the National Research Council of Canada. These results show that the sticking efficiency is highly correlated with the ratio of liquid water content (LWC) to total water content (TWC) in the freestream, reaching a maximum value of 0.4-0.5 at melt (LWC/TWC) ratios in the approximate range 10-20%, as measured with a multi-element probe. It is shown that sticking efficiencies are largely independent of TWC, Mach number (M) and particle size at normal incidence (i.e. at the stagnation point) at these melt ratios, at least in the limited ranges of these variables investigated, but are strongly dependent on these parameters at oblique impingement angles. It is also shown that accretions can grow to a very large size at an almost constant rate at high levels of TWC. The experimental results are used to develop an erosion-based semi-empirical accretion model which at least partially explains this super-growth phenomenon and predicts most of the experimental results with acceptable fidelity. The model predicts that the almost unlimited growth observed in the experiments is possible at lower Mach numbers (e.g. 0.25) for TWC levels exceeding ~10g/m, when the sticking efficiency remains finite at all particle impingement angles. The model also predicts that such growth is unlikely for higher Mach numbers (e.g. 0.4), at least for the 45μ (MVD) particles to which the model is applied. Smaller particles will likely extend the Mach number range over which the sticking efficiency remains finite.
Lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 stimulate the release but not the oxygenation of arachidonic acid in human neutrophils: Dissociation between lipid remodeling and adhesion (1990)

The profiles of actions of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and lipoxin B4 (LXB4), two lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids, were examined with human neutrophils. At nanomolar concentrations, LXA4 and LXB4 each stimulated the release of [1-14C]arachidonic acid from esterified sources in neutrophils. Lipoxin-induced release of [1-14C]arachidonic acid was both dose- and time-dependent and was comparable to that induced by the chemotactic peptide f-met-leu-phe. Time-course studies revealed that lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 each induced a biphasic release of [1-14C]arachidonic acid, which was evident within seconds (5-15 sec) in its initial phase and minutes (greater than 30 sec) in the second phase. In contrast, the all-trans isomers of LXA4 and LXB4 did not provoke [1-14C]AA release. Lipoxin-induced release of arachidonic acid was inhibited by prior treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin but not by its beta-oligomers, suggesting the involvement of guaninine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in this event. Dual radiolabeling of neutrophil phospholipid classes with [1-14C]arachidonic acid and [3H]palmitic acid showed that phosphatidylcholine was a major source of lipoxin-induced release of [1-14C]arachidonic acid. They also demonstrated that lipoxins rapidly stimulate both formation of phosphatidic acid as well as phospholipid remodeling. Although both LXA4 and LXB4 (10(-8)-10(-6) M) stimulated the release of [1-14C]arachidonic acid, neither compound evoked its oxygenation by either the 5- or 15-lipoxygenase pathways (including the formation of LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4, 5-HETE, or 15-HETE). LXA4 and LXB4 (10(-7) M) each stimulated the elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ as monitored with Fura 2-loaded cells, albeit to a lesser extent than equimolar concentrations of FMLP. Neither lipoxin altered the binding of [3H]LTB4 to its receptor on neutrophils. In addition, they did not stimulate aggregation or induce adhesion of neutrophils to human endothelial cells. Results indicate that both LXA4 and LXB4 stimulate the rapid remodeling of neutrophil phospholipids to release arachidonic acid without provoking either aggregation or the formation of lipoxygenase-derived products within a similar temporal and dose range. Together they indicate that LXA4 and LXB4 display selective actions with human neutrophils and suggest that these eicosanoids possess unique profiles of action which may regulate neutrophil function during inflammation.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CANINE AND FELINE MEDIASTINAL MASSES IN 14 PATIENTS (2004)

A 15-year retrospective analysis of histologically proven canine and feline mediastinal malignancies at the University of Minnesota was conducted to identify patients imaged by computed tomography (CT). The goal of the study was to characterize the CT appearance, to determine if there were any tumor type-specific appearances, and to clarify the role of CT in patients with mediastinal masses. Fourteen patients meeting these criteria were available for evaluation. The masses were characterized based on the presence or absence of contrast enhancement, internal architecture, size, extent of local invasion, the presence of pleural fluid, and the presence of regional vascular invasion. Within the limits of this study and the histopathologic information available, there appeared to be no clinically exploitable relationship between the CT appearance and the histologic characterization of the mass. However, CT does provide reasonably accurate local staging information.
Data from Preclinical and Clinical Trial Results Using Talazoparib and Low-Dose Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;On the basis of preclinical data, we hypothesized that low doses of chemotherapy (10% of therapeutic doses) with full dose of a PARP inhibitor could have improved efficacy and tolerability.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;In this phase I dose-escalation study, patients with BRCA-normal advanced malignancies were assigned to either talazoparib/temozolomide or talazoparib/irinotecan. Talazoparib was dose-escalated from 500 mcg to 1 mg daily before dose escalation of temozolomide/irinotecan. The starting dose of temozolomide was 25 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/day orally on days 1 to 5 and irinotecan was 25 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/day intravenously on days 1 and 15. The primary objectives of this trial were safety and tolerability, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and maximum tolerated dose (MTD).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Of 40 patients enrolled, 18 (mean: 7 prior therapies) were enrolled in talazoparib + temozolomide and 22 in talazoparib + irinotecan. DLTs were hematologic in both arms, but all hematologic adverse events resolved with either treatment interruption and/or dose reductions of talazoparib. The MTDs were talazoparib 1 mg + temozolomide 37.5 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and talazoparib 1 mg + irinotecan 37.5 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. There were four partial responses in the talazoparib + temozolomide arm and five in the talazoparib + irinotecan arm for a response rate of 23% (9/40). The pharmacokinetic profiles of talazoparib + temozolomide/irinotecan were similar to that of talazoparib monotherapy. Responses were seen independent of homologous recombination (HR) status and HR deficiency score.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These results show that talazoparib with low-dose temozolomide or irinotecan is reasonably well tolerated and demonstrates clinical activity in a wide range of cancers. Randomized trials of talazoparib with or without low-dose chemotherapy are ongoing in small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photopolymer Material for Holography (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. L. Booth, "Photopolymer Material for Holography," Appl. Opt. 11, 2994-2995 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Biomarkers Expression in Human Seminiferous Epithelium (2012)

Spermatogenesis is a complex process of cell proliferation, meiosis and differentiation. In order to determine the genetic mechanisms that control this process we need to develop adequate methodologies for the purification of stage-specific germ cells. In this study we aim to evaluate four markers (c-kit, oct-4, Integrin α 6 and Integrin β 1 ), used to isolate spermatogonial stem cells in mammals, as possible markers to isolate/sort testicular adult stem and progenitor cells in humans.
Implications of Metal-Site Vacancies on Li-Ni-Mn-Co Based Positive Electrode Materials (2015)

One of the key issues with Li-excess positive electrode materials is their high irreversible capacity loss (IRC), which is usually ~ 20 % of their first charge capacity. Li-excess materials with IRC as low as 4% have been recently reported by us 1 . Those materials were intentionally synthesized with less Li than the stoichiometric amount, based on oxidation state rules, and as a result, metal-site vacancies were found in their single-phase, layered, pristine structures. With metal-site vacancies, the structure can be written as Li[Δ q M (1-q) ]O 2 , where Δ is a metal site vacancy and the transition metal layer has no Li atoms. An elemental analysis of metals only on such materials would conclude they were Li rich because when q &gt; 0, the number of moles of Li is greater than the number of moles of transition metal atoms, even though there are no Li atoms in the transition metal layer. The small IRC was found to be related to the presence of metal site vacancies. Following that work, a comprehensive search for materials that contain metal-site vacancies was performed in the Li-Ni-Mn-Co pseudo-ternary system. An array of materials with deliberate Li-deficiency and a wide-range of Ni, Mn, and Co compositions was synthesized and their properties were investigated. It was found that, in the Li-Ni-Mn-Co pseudo-ternary system, materials with metal-site vacancies can be synthesized at many Ni-Mn-Co combinations by forcing Li deficiency. Most of the materials were layered single-phase materials but increasing Li deficiency eventually caused the evolution of a spinel phase. The presence of metal-site vacancies were verified by density measurements made with a He-pycnometer. Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of several single-phase materials (a to f), which have considerable amount of metal-site vacancies, in the range of 20° to 34° representing superlattice ordering between TM ions and vacancies in the TM layer similar to that reported by McCalla et al 2 . The relative intensity of superlattice peaks varied with overall metal composition (not shown here) suggesting different degrees of ordering. For example, the absence of superlattice peaks in samples e and f suggests that only a negligible amount of vacancies reside in the TM layer whereas the prominent superlattice peaks in samples a and b suggests a significant amount of vacancies in the TM layer. Thus the nature and the relative intensity of the superlattice peaks can be used as a first approximation to predict the location and distribution of vacancies between TM and Li layers. Detailed results on the implications of metal-site vacancies on the properties of Li-Ni-Mn-Co based positive electrode materials will be presented. References: Shunmugasundaram, R.; Senthil Arumugam, R.; Dahn, J. R. Chem. Mater. 2015 , 27 , 757–767 McCalla, E.; Rowe, A. W.; Camardese, J.; Dahn, J. R. Chem. Mater. 2013 , 25 , 2716–2721 Figure 1
Characterization of a site-specific restriction endonuclease from Streptomyces aureofaciens (1981)

A new type II sequence-specific restriction endonuclease, SauI, was isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens IKA18/4. The purified enzyme was free of contaminating exonuclease and phosphatase activities. SauI cleaved lambda DNA at two sites, but did not cleave pBR322, simian virus 40, or phi X174 DNA. SauI recognized the septanucleotide sequence 5'-CCTNAGG-3' and cleaved at the position indicated by the arrow, producing a trinucleotide 5'-terminal extension.
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐or silicone‐modified hyaluronan for contact lens wetting agent applications (2014)

Hyaluronan (HA) is a hydrophilic biopolymer that has been explored as a wetting agent in contact lens applications. In this study, HA was modified with siloxy or polyethylene glycol moieties using click chemistry to make it more soluble in monomer solutions used to synthesize model contact lens materials; unmodified HA was not soluble in the same monomer solutions. The water contents of the silicone hydrogels were not increased by the presence of modified HA, nor was there a decrease in the surface contact angle. However, modified HA did lead to a reduction in lysozyme adsorption in some cases. The leaching rate of HA modified with polyethylene glycol from a 78:22 DMA:TRIS(OH) hydrogel was significantly slower than for unmodified HA.
Identification, purification and immunohistochemical detection of the inhibitor from porcine ovarian follicular fluid to compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in mice (1978)

An inhibitor to compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in mice was detected in porcine follicular fluid. Compensatory hypertrophy was inhibited by treatment with 0.6 ml whole follicular fluid, 0.2 ml of the non-dialysable fraction, or a fraction of the fluid salted out by ammonium sulphate at a saturation of 14.5--18.5%. The salted-out fraction was separable into two peaks by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and the second peak, detectable as a single band by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, contained all the inhibitory activity. Specific fluorescence of an antiserum to the second peak was demonstrated at the granulosa cells.
Development of a biocompatible nanodelivery system for tuberculosis drugs based on isoniazid-Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (2014)

The primary challenge in finding a treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is patient non-compliance to treatment due to long treatment duration, high dosing frequency, and adverse effects of anti-TB drugs. This study reports on the development of a nanodelivery system that intercalates the anti-TB drug isoniazid into Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Isoniazid was found to be released in a sustained manner from the novel nanodelivery system in humans in simulated phosphate buffer solutions at pH 4.8 and pH 7.4. The nanodelivery formulation was highly biocompatible compared to free isoniazid against human normal lung and 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The formulation was active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Thus results show significant promise for the further study of these nanocomposites for the treatment of TB.
The role of additional chemotherapy prior to autologous HCT in patients with relapse/refractory DLBCL in partial remission—A retrospective multicenter study (2022)

Referring patients with chemotherapy-sensitive disease in PR directly to HCT is associated with better OS compared to those receiving additional lines of treatment.
A simple, cost efficient fiber amplifier wavelength extension unit for broadly tunable, femtosecond pulse Ti-sapphire lasers for CARS microscopy (2012)

An inherently synchronized Yb-fiber amplifier based extension unit for femtosecond pulse, broadly tunable Ti-sapphire lasers is introduced, which is well suited for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.
Synthesis of Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Composites for EMI Shielding Applications (2022)

This chapter gives a brief oversight of the preparation, characterization, and electromagnetic interference shielding studies of conducting polymer and MWCNT composites. The different approaches have been implemented to fabricate composites, which are used as EMI shielding materials. The key emphasis has been given to PEDOT conducting polymer, which is synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The topographical and chemical analyses of polymer composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric and electromagnetic shielding measurements of the polymer composites were conducted by a vector network analyzer. In addition, PEDOT/MWCNT coated polyurethane foam usage as an antistatic material has also been discussed in this chapter.
Immunotherapy in cervical cancer: historic breakthroughs beating checkpoints (2018)

Who benefits from immunotherapy? What constitutes a breakthrough? Where do the blockbuster pharmaceutical come from? When are clinical and scientific dreams realized? Why does getting a drug to market require such a huge, long and costly investment? How do we pick the winners?
Corrections in spoken dialogue systems (2000)

This study analyzes user corrections of system errors in the TOOT spoken dialogue system. We find that corrections differ from noncorrections prosodically, in ways consistent with hyperarticulated speech, although many corrections are not hyperarticulated. Yet both are misrecognized more frequently than non-corrections — though no more likely to be rejected by the system. Corrections more distant from the error they correct tend to exhibit greater prosodic differences, and also to be recognized more poorly. System dialogue strategy affects users’ choice of correction type, suggesting that strategy-specific methods of detecting or coaching users on corrections may be useful. Strategies that produce longer tasks but fewer misrecognitions and subsequent corrections are preferred by users.
Automatic measurement of scanned human body in fixed posture (2010)

Clothing customization needs dimensional data of human body. The 3D scanner can only get the surface data, which usually consists of a great many points and triangles. Measurement of the scanned human body automatically is a very complicated problem in practical applications. This paper proposed a simple but rapid method for automatic measurement of scanned human body in fixed posture. We slice the body surface into many paralleled intersections from which we can detect the landmarks that segmentation needs. In every subsection, we continue to extract more detail landmarks for the circumference and the length measurement. We present experimental results to verify our methods are efficient in processing different body data.
Eotaxin contributes to renal interstitial eosinophilia (1999)

We hypothesize that in situ expression of eotaxin may provide a new mechanism to explain the renal interstitial eosinophil infiltration.
Two Stage to Orbit Airbreathing and Rocket System for Low Risk, Affordable Access to Space (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The US space program is facing the dilemma of the federal government reducing in size, the Congress asking for lowered costs, and the US market share of commercial launches declining. While several new launch vehicle options have been studied and advocated, a national plan has yet to be adopted. Despite this, there may be compelling solutions that await discovery. This paper suggests a particular TSTO launch system may solve the dilemma, but only if some of the past presumptions and guidelines are viewed as impediments to be overcome instead of “realities”.&lt;/div&gt;