gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toe Trajectory Characteristics of the Obstacle Avoidance in Dark (2021)

本研究の目的は，暗所で障害物を跨ぐ際のつま先の軌跡の特徴を明らかにすることと，障害物に光情報提示を施すことによる効果を検証することとした．健常な若年者 8名を対象に暗所及び明所での障害物跨ぎ動作を，モーションキャプチャシステムを用いて記録した．提示した障害物の条件は，光源を障害物上縁全体に貼付したもの，上縁両端に貼付したもの，貼付しないものの 3条件設定した．主成分分析を用いて障害物を跨ぐ際の遊脚期中におけるつま先の軌跡全体を分析した．主成分分析の結果，明所と暗所間において有意差が認められ，光情報の有無による有意差は認められなかった．そこで，明所と暗所におけるつま先の軌跡の特徴を再構築した結果，暗所では障害物に対して遠い位置から跨ぎ始め，近い位置に接地すること，そしてつま先を高く上げる傾向が明らかになった．更にこれらの特徴について離散的なパラメータを統計学的に分析したところ，有意差が認められた．これらのことから，明所と暗所では障害物を跨ぐ際のつま先の軌跡の特徴は異なること，また今回のような光情報提示はつま先の軌跡に効果を与えないことが示された．
Comparative Efficacy of Switching to Natalizumab Versus Switching to Interferon-Beta or Glatiramer Acetate after On-Treatment MS Relapse Using Propensity-Matched Registry Data (P3.175) (2014)

OBJECTIVE:To compare multiple sclerosis (MS) annualized relapse rate (ARR), treatment discontinuation, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores within propensity-matched samples of patients from 2 observational cohorts who switched therapy after a relapse. BACKGROUND:Propensity score matching is a statistical technique that corrects for covariate imbalance in nonrandomly selected cohorts and can be used in the absence of randomized controlled trial data. DESIGN/METHODS:MSBase is a multinational registry including patients treated with interferon (IFN) or glatiramer acetate (GA). The Tysabri Observational Program (TOP) is a multinational study of patients commencing natalizumab (NAT) treatment. Therapy switches after on-treatment relapse were analyzed for 2 subgroups: IFN switching to GA vs NAT (subgroup 1); GA switching to IFN vs NAT (subgroup 2). The subgroups were matched 1:1 using sex, age, disease duration, and EDSS score at study entry (baseline), and prebaseline treatment and relapse activity. A McNemar test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze baseline differences; matching success was assessed via standardized differences. RESULTS:Of 4821 TOP patients and 21,348 MSBase patients, 578 subgroup 1 and 165 subgroup 2 patients from each cohort were matched. Standardized differences for all baseline characteristics were <10%. In the first year, mean ARRs in subgroup 1 were 0.54 vs 0.16 (P<0.001) for patients switching from IFN to GA vs IFN to NAT; in subgroup 2, mean ARRs were 0.60 vs 0.21 (P<0.001) for patients switching from GA to IFN vs GA to NAT. In both subgroups, differences persisted up to 4 years post-switch. Treatment discontinuations were higher in the IFN/GA switches compared with switches to NAT over 蠅4 years. EDSS progression event data will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with on-treatment relapse, switching to NAT was more effective than switching from IFN to GA or from GA to IFN. Propensity matching evaluates treatment algorithms and informs clinical decision making if head-to-head randomized trial evidence is lacking. Study Supported by:Biogen Idec Inc.
A Review of the Modeling of High Pressure Grinding Rolls (2016)

High Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGR) technology is accepted as an energy-efficient and cost-effective alternative for treating specific mineral ore types. HPGR technology has been advancing within manufacturing facilities and research centers since its first installation in 1985. Over the last three decades much of the literature on HPGR have focused on the industrial applications and trade-off studies in comparison with semi-autogenous and ball milling circuits. Literature on fundamental studies of HPGR technology has been very limited. This paper aims to provide a review of the modeling of high pressure grinding rolls.
Bioreaktoren in der Regenerativen Medizin - Vom technischen Apparat zur rekonstruktiven Alternative? (2012)

With the advent of the era of tissue engineering (TE), experimental settings have been developed that allow for a defined environment with optimised cell growth conditions and/or the production of specific substitutes. These isolated systems have been termed "bioreactors". By translating the principles of bioreactors into an in vivo context, advances in biomaterial sciences and cell biology have been merged into an integrative research concept. Even today, in the age of regenerative Medicine (RegMed) the transfer of experimental in vitro findings into a clinical in vivo approach still remains a vast challenge. In order to fulfil these specific requirements bioreactors had to be defined anew. Latest advances in areas like reconstructive medicine (the arteriovenous loop as a means of organogenesis) or modern wound management (topical negative pressure therapy as a perfusion bioreactor) give new impulses towards the translation of Reg-Med concepts into the clinical routine.
Longitudinal analyses of the DNA methylome in deployed military servicemen identify susceptibility loci for post-traumatic stress disorder (2017)

In order to determine the impact of the epigenetic response to traumatic stress on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study examined longitudinal changes of genome-wide blood DNA methylation profiles in relation to the development of PTSD symptoms in two prospective military cohorts (one discovery and one replication data set). In the first cohort consisting of male Dutch military servicemen (n=93), the emergence of PTSD symptoms over a deployment period to a combat zone was significantly associated with alterations in DNA methylation levels at 17 genomic positions and 12 genomic regions. Evidence for mediation of the relation between combat trauma and PTSD symptoms by longitudinal changes in DNA methylation was observed at several positions and regions. Bioinformatic analyses of the reported associations identified significant enrichment in several pathways relevant for symptoms of PTSD. Targeted analyses of the significant findings from the discovery sample in an independent prospective cohort of male US marines (n=98) replicated the observed relation between decreases in DNA methylation levels and PTSD symptoms at genomic regions in ZFP57, RNF39 and HIST1H2APS2. Together, our study pinpoints three novel genomic regions where longitudinal decreases in DNA methylation across the period of exposure to combat trauma marks susceptibility for PTSD.
Formation and Insertion of the Nitrogenase Iron‐Molybdenum Cofactor (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
10.4: High Performance and Innovative OLED Structures and Display (2005)

Abstract High performance small molecules OLED structures based on doped charge injection layers are presented. These structures exhibiting a low operation voltage are implemented in 3.25″ QVGA active matrix display made of laser annealed poly‐silicon. The display exhibits a luminance of 120 cd/m 2 at an overall voltage of less than 7 V and a power consumption of 280 mW.
Modelling Business Ownership in the Netherlands (2000)

Beschrijving van een empirisch model ter verklaring van het aantal zelfstandige ondernemingen in Nederland. Een dergelijk model voorziet in het maken van scenario’s gemaakt voor de toekomstige ontwikkeling van het aantal ondernemingen in Nederland. Het model onderscheidt effecten op lange en korte termijn en besteedt expliciet aandacht aan turbulentie (gemeten als de som van bedrijfstoetredingen en -beëindigingen) van de markt. Hierbij wordt gebruikgemaakt van econometrische tijdserietechnieken. Het aantal ondernemingen en het aantal toe- en uittredingen worden zodoende verklaard uit economische en demografische variabelen. Naast de invloeden van deze variabelen tendeert het aantal ondernemingen naar een evenwichtsniveau, dat geschat is voor de lange termijn.
Assessing Reseller Performance from the Perspective of the Supplier (1992)

The objective of the authors’ study was to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess reseller performance from the perspective of the supplier. To specify the domain of reseller performance, four different conceptualizations of organizational effectiveness were explored, leading to the identification of eight facets of reseller performance. Using data collected on the resellers of two different suppliers, the authors investigated the reliability and validity of three different types of scales—facet, composite, and global. Results indicate that two composite scales, a 5-item global scale, and seven 3-item facet scales have acceptable levels of reliability, construct validity, and generalizability.
Genomic Sequence Analysis of the MHC Class I G/F Segment in Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) (2014)

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that is used frequently as a model for various human diseases. However, detailed knowledge about the MHC is still lacking. In this study, we sequenced and annotated a total of 854 kb of the common marmoset MHC region that corresponds to the HLA-A/G/F segment (Caja-G/F) between the Caja-G1 and RNF39 genes. The sequenced region contains 19 MHC class I genes, of which 14 are of the MHC-G (Caja-G) type, and 5 are of the MHC-F (Caja-F) type. Six putatively functional Caja-G and Caja-F genes (Caja-G1, Caja-G3, Caja-G7, Caja-G12, Caja-G13, and Caja-F4), 13 pseudogenes related either to Caja-G or Caja-F, three non-MHC genes (ZNRD1, PPPIR11, and RNF39), two miscRNA genes (ZNRD1-AS1 and HCG8), and one non-MHC pseudogene (ETF1P1) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggests segmental duplications of units consisting of basically five (four Caja-G and one Caja-F) MHC class I genes, with subsequent expansion/deletion of genes. A similar genomic organization of the Caja-G/F segment has not been observed in catarrhine primates, indicating that this genomic segment was formed in New World monkeys after the split of New World and Old World monkeys.
Improving SNI-Based HTTPS Security Monitoring (2016)

Recent surveys show that the proportion of encrypted web traffic is quickly increasing. On one side, it provides users with essential properties of security and privacy, but on the other side, it raises important challenges and issues for organizations, related to the security monitoring of encrypted traffic (filtering, anomaly detection, etc.). This paper proposes to improve a recent technique for HTTPS traffic monitoring that is based on the Server Name Indication (SNI) field of TLS and which has been implemented in many firewall solutions. This method currently has some weaknesses that can be used to bypass firewalls by overwriting the SNI value of new TLS connections. Our investigation shows that 92% of the HTTPS websites surveyed in this paper can be accessed with fake-SNI. Our approach verifies the coherence between the real destination server and the claimed value of SNI by relying on a trusted DNS service. Experimental results show the ability to overcome the shortage of SNI-based monitoring by detecting forged SNI values while having a very small false positive rate (1.7%). The overhead of our solution only adds negligible delays to access HTTPS websites. The proposed method opens the door to improve global HTTPS monitoring and firewall systems.
A Contact Type Linear Photodiode Array Using an Amorphous Thin Film (1978)

A Contact type linearly arrayed imaging sensor not requiring an optical lens system has been successfully developed. This sensor array consists of 40 amorphous Saticon type photodiodes formed on an optical fiber plate, each of which measures 250 µm by 200 µm and the overall sensor length is 10 mm. This device has an advantage of easy fabrication which permits elongation of the total length without deteriorating the high resolution characteristics. Therefore, it may be useful as an imaging sensor for small size facsimile equipment. In this paper, a series of technical data on the proposed structure, the fabrication procedures and also the static and operational performances are described.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2015)

The current evidence suggests that ALC has a moderate effect in reducing pain measured on VAS in PNP patients with acceptable safety. Larger trials with longer follow-up, however, are warranted to establish the effects.
Restoration of Visual Function and Cortical Connectivity After Ischemic Injury Through NeuroD1-Mediated Gene Therapy (2021)

Neural circuits underlying brain functions are vulnerable to damage, including ischemic injury, leading to neuronal loss and gliosis. Recent technology of direct conversion of endogenous astrocytes into neurons <i>in situ</i> can simultaneously replenish the neuronal population and reverse the glial scar. However, whether these newly reprogrammed neurons undergo normal development, integrate into the existing neuronal circuit, and acquire functional properties specific for this circuit is not known. We investigated the effect of NeuroD1-mediated <i>in vivo</i> direct reprogramming on visual cortical circuit integration and functional recovery in a mouse model of ischemic injury. After performing electrophysiological extracellular recordings and two-photon calcium imaging of reprogrammed cells <i>in vivo</i> and mapping the synaptic connections formed onto these cells <i>ex vivo</i>, we discovered that NeuroD1 reprogrammed neurons were integrated into the cortical microcircuit and acquired direct visual responses. Furthermore, following visual experience, the reprogrammed neurons demonstrated maturation of orientation selectivity and functional connectivity. Our results show that NeuroD1-reprogrammed neurons can successfully develop and integrate into the visual cortical circuit leading to vision recovery after ischemic injury.
Molecular weight and architectural dependence of well-defined star-shaped poly(lysine) as a gene delivery vector (2013)

A series of well-defined star-shaped polypeptides were successfully synthesised by the ring opening polymerisation (ROP) of the N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) of ε-carbobenzyloxy-l-lysine (ZLL) using a range of generations of polypropylene imine (PPI) dendrimers as multifunctional initiators. The monomer feed ratio and dendrimer generation were varied to afford a series of polypeptide dendrimer hybrids with superior structural versatility and functionality. Subsequent protecting group removal yielded star-shaped poly(lysine) of controlled variation in polypeptide chain length and arm multiplicity. Star-shaped PLL polymers were used to prepare pDNA and siRNA to form "polyplexes" to determine their ability to complex different nucleic acid cargoes and were compared with linear PLL polyplex controls. Significant differences in size and surface charge were seen between star-shaped PLL polyplexes and linear PLL polyplexes for both cargoes. The star-shaped polypeptides were capable of more effective complexation of both nucleic acids at low N/P ratios compared to linear PLL as evidenced by zeta potential and electrophoretic data. This was particularly evident in siRNA polyplexes as linear PLL failed to completely complex siRNA into nanocomplexes of appropriate size for cell transfection i.e. <200 nm in size, while star poly(lysine) formed siRNA polyplexes <100 nm at certain N/P ratios, albeit strongly dependent on the particular molecular weight and architecture, as analysed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) identified discrete spherically shaped polyplexes for all star-shaped polypeptide-based polyplexes while linear PLL formed elongated irregular shaped complexes. This difference in morphology may go some way towards explaining the 300-fold increase in luciferase expression seen for star-shaped PLL polyplexes G5(64)-PLL<sub>40</sub> compared to linear PLL pGLuc polyplexes in epithelial cells. Each of the PPI-PLL polymers appeared to be capable of protecting the nucleic acid cargoes from degradation by the relevant nuclease enzyme as effectively as the positive control polyethyleneimine (PEI) polyplexes. Overall the promising nucleic acid complexation, sizing, morphology and protection capacity of two different genetic "cargoes" highlight the potential of polypeptide dendrimer hybrids as gene delivery vectors.
Can bottom-up ocean CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes be reconciled with atmospheric <sup>13</sup>C observations? (2010)

The rare stable carbon isotope, 13C, has been used previously to partition CO2 fluxes into land and ocean components. Net ocean and land fluxes impose distinctive and predictable fractionation patterns upon the stable isotope ratio, making it an excellent tool for distinguishing between them. Historically, isotope constrained inverse methods for calculating CO2 surface fluxes—the ‘double deconvolution’—have disagreed with bottom-up ocean flux estimates. In this study, we use the double deconvolution framework, but add, as a constraint, independent estimates of time histories of ocean fluxes to the atmospheric observations of CO2 and 13CO2. We calculate timeseries of net land flux, total disequilibrium flux and terrestrial disequilibrium flux from 1991 to 2008 that are consistent with bottom-up net ocean fluxes.We investigate possible drivers of interannual variability in terrestrial disequilibrium flux, including terrestrial discrimination, and test the sensitivity of our results to those mechanisms. We find that C3 plant discrimination and shifts in the global composition of C3 and C4 vegetation are likely drivers of interannual variability in terrestrial disequilibrium flux, while contributions from heterotrophic respiration and disturbance anomalies are also possible.
Deep Level Sets for Salient Object Detection (2017)

Deep learning has been applied to saliency detection in recent years. The superior performance has proved that deep networks can model the semantic properties of salient objects. Yet it is difficult for a deep network to discriminate pixels belonging to similar receptive fields around the object boundaries, thus deep networks may output maps with blurred saliency and inaccurate boundaries. To tackle such an issue, in this work, we propose a deep Level Set network to produce compact and uniform saliency maps. Our method drives the network to learn a Level Set function for salient objects so it can output more accurate boundaries and compact saliency. Besides, to propagate saliency information among pixels and recover full resolution saliency map, we extend a superpixel-based guided filter to be a layer in the network. The proposed network has a simple structure and is trained end-to-end. During testing, the network can produce saliency maps by efficiently feedforwarding testing images at a speed over 12FPS on GPUs. Evaluations on benchmark datasets show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Calcium phosphate coatings for medical implants. (1998)

In surgical disciplines where bone has to be repaired, augmented or improved, bone substitutes are essential. Although bone banks, such as Eurotransplant, are founded to supply such substitutes, natural bone is not always adequate. For example, frequently these so-called bone grafts resorb after implantation (1). Further, they cannot be used for joint and tooth replacement, and recently worries have been raised about the transfer of infectious diseases. Therefore, interest has dramatically increased in the use of synthetic materials for replacement of lost or damaged bone tissue. The generic name of these tissue alternatives is biomaterials. A special class of these biomaterials is composed of metallic devices with coatings to improve bone bonding. These specialized coatings used to improve the metallic implant are the topic of this paper.
Tunable Filters? Reality Check Foreseeable Trends in System Architecture for Tunable RF Filters (2015)

The perpetual challenge of multiband/multistandard RF solutions for smartphones is to pack additional bands into the same footprint while also improving performance from one generation to the next. Are tunable filters the answer? No, not anytime soon. This article reviews leading trends in the RF front end of smartphones and provides a summary of realistic requirements for a hypothetical tunable RF filter to cover multiple bands and thus displace both switches and regular filters/duplexers. It also reviews the changes in system architecture required to address long-term evolution (LTE) carrier aggregation (CA). Multiple bands in simultaneous operation on a single antenna result in a large number of additional requirements for filters and duplexers. Isolation loss and linearity are among the hardest to meet. With RF front ends about to become more complex than ever, are tunable filters in our future? Maybe, but it depends on how you define “tunable”.
Evolution of a Robotic Excavator (1986)

This paper considers the opportunities for general robotic excavation based on available experience with utility pipe excavation, and on the broader base of robotic technology .
Integrated bias removal in passive radar systems (2008)

A passive coherent location (PCL) system exploits the ambient FM radio or television signals from powerful local transmitters, which makes it ideal for covert tracking. In a passive radar system, also known as PCL system, a variety of measurements can be used to estimate target states such as direction of arrival (DOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA) or Doppler shift. Noise and the precision of DOA estimation are main issues in a PCL system and methods such as conventional beam forming (CBF) algorithm, algebraic constant modulus algorithm (ACMA) are widely analyzed in literature to address them. In practical systems, although it is necessary to reduce the directional ambiguities, the placement of receivers closed to each other results in larger bias in the estimation of DOA of signals, especially when the targets move off bore-sight. This phenomenon leads to degradation in the performance of the tracking algorithm. In this paper, we present a method for removing the bias in DOA to alleviate the aforementioned problem. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with an example of tracking airborne targets.
Phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (2015)

This report introduces the first results obtained using phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (P-STEM). A carbon-film phase plate (PP) with a small center hole is placed in the condenser aperture plane so that a phase shift is introduced in the incident electron waves except those passing through the center hole. A cosine-type phase-contrast transfer function emerges when the phase-shifted scattered waves interfere with the non-phase-shifted unscattered waves, which passed through the center hole before incidence onto the specimen. The phase contrast resulting in P-STEM is optically identical to that in phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy that is used to provide high contrast for weak phase objects. Therefore, the use of PPs can enhance the phase contrast of the STEM images of specimens in principle. The phase shift resulting from the PP, whose thickness corresponds to a phase shift of π, has been confirmed using interference fringes displayed in the Ronchigram of a silicon single crystal specimen. The interference fringes were found to abruptly shift at the edge of the PP hole by π.