gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of switching mobile sources to natural gas on the ozone in the great smoky mountains national park (2012)

Mobile sources are among the largest contributors of NOx in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park region (GSMNP). In 2001, these sources contributed 45% of NOx emissions. From 1990 to 2001, the growth of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) increased 60% and 55% in neighboring Sevier and Blount counties respectively. These emissions combined with the high volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions in the Southeast area have caused the ozone ground level concentration to be as high as some major metropolitan areas in the summer season. In 2001, the maximum 8-hr ozone concentration inside the park was 103 parts per billion. In response to high ozone levels in other areas, federal, state, and local governments are promoting the use of alternative, clean, and reformulated fuel vehicles as a means to improve local air pollution. One of these fuels is compressed natural gas (CNG). The purpose of this project was to use USEPA's CMAQ system in order to model the air quality and compare the ozone ground level formation in the GSMNP from light duty vehicles (LDVs) operating with 100% CNG within 100 miles around GSMNP. A severe southeast ozone episode between August and September 1999 was used as a reference and 2004 was used as a future case. Results showed that LDVs fueled with 100% CNG in the domain could reduce ozone level by 10% and 8% for 1-hr and 8-hr ozone formation respectively in the GSMNP on the modeled time period. Scavenging occurred around the GSMNP in the morning time during the selected episode.
Back to the Future: Studying Cholera Pathogenesis Using Infant Rabbits (2010)

Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease, caused by Vibrio cholerae, for which there has been no reproducible, nonsurgical animal model. Here, we report that orogastric inoculation of V. cholerae into 3-day-old rabbits pretreated with cimetidine led to lethal, watery diarrhea in virtually all rabbits. The appearance and chemical composition of the rabbit diarrheal fluid were comparable to those of the "rice-water stool" produced by cholera patients. As in humans, V. cholerae mutants that do not produce cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) did not induce cholera-like disease in rabbits. CT induced extensive exocytosis of mucin from intestinal goblet cells, and wild-type V. cholerae was predominantly found in close association with mucin. Large aggregates of mucin-embedded V. cholerae were observed, both attached to the epithelium and floating within the diarrheal fluid. These findings suggest that CT-dependent mucin secretion significantly influences V. cholerae's association with the host intestine and its exit from the intestinal tract. Our model should facilitate identification and analyses of factors that may govern V. cholerae infection, survival, and transmission, such as mucin. In addition, our results using nontoxigenic V. cholerae suggest that infant rabbits will be useful for study of the reactogenicity of live attenuated-V. cholerae vaccines.
Evaluation of adult equine bone marrow‐ and adipose‐derived progenitor cell chondrogenesis in hydrogel cultures (2007)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived progenitor cells (ADPCs) are potential alternatives to autologous chondrocytes for cartilage resurfacing strategies. In this study, the chondrogenic potentials of these cell types were compared by quantifying neo-tissue synthesis and assaying gene expression and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components of cartilage. Adult equine progenitor cells encapsulated in agarose or self-assembling peptide hydrogels were cultured in the presence or absence of TGFbeta1 for 3 weeks. In BM-MSCs-seeded hydrogels, TGFbeta1 stimulated ECM synthesis and accumulation 3-41-fold relative to TGFbeta1-free culture. In ADPC cultures, TGFbeta1 stimulated a significant increase in ECM synthesis and accumulation in peptide (18-29-fold) but not agarose hydrogels. Chromatographic analysis of BM-MSC-seeded agarose and peptide hydrogels cultured in TGFbeta1 medium showed extensive synthesis of aggrecan-like proteoglycan monomers. ADPCs seeded in peptide hydrogel also synthesized aggrecan-like proteoglycans, although to a lesser extent than seen in BM-MSC hydrogels, whereas aggrecan-like proteoglycan synthesis in ADPC-seeded agarose was minimal. RT-PCR analysis of TGFbeta1 cultures showed detectable levels of type II collagen gene expression in BM-MSC but not ADPC cultures. Histological analysis of TGFbeta1-cultured peptide hydrogels showed the deposition of a continuous proteoglycan- and type II collagen rich ECM for BM-MSCs but not ADPCs. Therefore, this study showed both protein and gene expression evidence of superior chondrogenesis of BM-MSCs relative to ADPCs.
MP12-19 CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS INDUCE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND HEME OXYGENASE-1 EXPRESSION IN A HUMAN MONOCYTE DERIVED CELL LINE (2017)

Further analysis of the Nnt gene may facilitate elucidation of the pathogenesis of kidney stones.
Strength of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Carotid Artery (2009)

Atherosclerotic disease in the carotid artery is a high risk factor for stroke. Stroke is the third-leading cause of death, constituting approximately 700,000 cases each year in the United States [1]. The susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque to rupture during the carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) procedure [2] makes it necessary to determine the force the plaque can withstand without the risk of embolisation.
Laser-based ultrasound detection using photorefractive quantum wells (1998)

We demonstrate a laser-based adaptive ultrasonic homodyne receiver using dynamic holography in AlGaAs/GaAs photorefractive multiple quantum wells. The dynamic hologram acts as an adaptive beamsplitter that compensates wavefront distortions in the presence of speckle and requires no path-length stabilization. The photorefractive quantum wells have the unique ability to achieve maximum linear homodyne detection regardless of the value of the photorefractive phase shift by tuning the excitonic spectral phase. We achieve a root mean square noise-equivalent surface displacement of 6.7×10−7 Å(W/Hz)1/2.
Minimizing the Effects of Urban Mobility-on-Demand Pick-Up and Drop-Off Stops: A Microscopic Simulation Approach (2022)

Short-term disruptions can have a long-lasting negative effect on traffic flow exceeding the duration of the disruption itself. This is especially the case when traffic demand approaches the network’s capacity. On-demand ride-sourcing services like ride-hailing and ride-pooling do not only have an impact on the overall kilometers driven in a network, but also conduct frequent stopping maneuvers to let passengers board and alight. As further growth of such services is expected, municipalities will need to find ways to organize and, if needed, regulate such activities. This paper proposes, evaluates, and discusses two possible methods that can be part of a holistic strategy to mitigate the impacts of frequent mobility-on-demand curbside stops in an urban environment. The first method adapts the positions of stops at an intersection according to real-time signal timings without adding another variable to the already quite complex traffic signal optimization. The second method discusses a temporary reduction of the number of allowed stopping maneuvers on saturated street sections or in other sensitive areas. Both methods are evaluated using microscopic traffic simulation and result in significant reductions of average vehicle delay as well as standard deviation thereof in all investigated traffic demand scenarios. These results indicate that the proposed methods can help to preserve a stable traffic state in situations close to the capacity limit, which is to the benefit of all stakeholders involved.
Crystal Engineering of Nanomorphology for Complex Oxide Materials via Thermal Decomposition of Metal−Organic Frameworks. Case Study of Sodium Tantalate (2011)

Application of different solvating ligands drastically changes the composition and geometry of bimetallic sodium−tantalum pinacolates, forming insoluble and stable organic−inorganic hybrid materials through Van der Waals interactions. The loss of these neutral ligands on heating leads to contraction and densification of the structures, with formation of covalent metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) as intermediates, and resulting in direction-specific cracking and formation, on further thermal decomposition, of low-dimensional nanomorphologies—wires or plates of the same oxide material, containing well-crystalline monoclinic NaTaO3 as its major component. The crystallographic features of the precursor structures permitting us to control further morphological differentiation on the transformation to oxide material are identified.
Perinatal famine is associated with excess risk of proliferative retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes (2021)

In conclusion, type 2 diabetes patients, exposed to perinatal famine, have increased risk of PDR compared to those without perinatal famine exposure. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to extend this finding to other diabetes complications.
Simulating and predicting crystal structures (1993)

Abstract We summarize the computational techniques used in modelling crystal structures. Special attention is paid to energy minimization methodologies and more sophisticated simulated annealing techniques. We describe recent applications to the refinement of the structures of novel microporous catalysts and to the generation of the structures of the polymorphs of TiO2.
Optimizing cross layer coding redundancy in slow fading channels (2010)

We analyze a wireless communication system in which channel coding is applied to both physical and upper layer. In this scenario, we study the splitting of redundancy between the coding schemes applied to the two layers. Considering a frequency-flat, slowly varying fading channel, we derive the optimum splitting value for a given signalling format. The theoretical analysis is validated by means of numerical simulation.
The Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex (2004)

The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a specialization of cardiac and skeletal muscle membrane. This large multicomponent complex has both mechanical stabilizing and signaling roles in mediating interactions between the cytoskeleton, membrane, and extracellular matrix. Dystrophin, the protein product of the Duchenne and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy locus, links cytoskeletal and membrane elements. Mutations in additional DGC genes, the sarcoglycans, also lead to cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. Animal models of DGC mutants have shown that destabilization of the DGC leads to membrane fragility and loss of membrane integrity, resulting in degeneration of skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes. Vascular reactivity is altered in response to primary degeneration in striated myocytes and arises from a vascular smooth muscle cell-extrinsic mechanism.
Effect of Stretching on Thoracolumbar Fascia Injury and Movement Restriction in a Porcine Model (2017)

Reduced fascia mobility in response to injury and movement restriction worsens over time and persists even when movement is restored. Reversing fascia abnormalities may require either longer than 1 mo or a different treatment "dose" or modality.
A natural ZVS medium-power bidirectional DC-DC converter with minimum number of devices (2003)

This paper introduces a new bidirectional, isolated DC-DC converter. A typical application for this converter can be found in the auxiliary power supply of hybrid electric vehicles. A dual half-bridge topology has been developed to implement the required power rating using the minimum number of devices. Unified zero-voltage switching was achieved in either direction of power flow with neither a voltage-clamping circuit nor extra switching devices and resonant components. All these new features allow high power density, efficient power conversion, and compact packaging. Complete descriptions of operating principle and design guidelines are provided in this paper. An extended state-space averaged model is developed to predict large- and small-signal characteristics of the converter in either direction of power flow. A 1.6-kW prototype has been built and successfully tested under full power. The experimental results of the converter's steady-state operation confirm the soft-switching operation, simulation analysis, and the developed averaged model. The proposed converter is a good alternative to full-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter in medium-power applications.
Optoelectronic Applications Using Hybrids of Quantum Dots and Organic Semiconductors (2015)

Light-emitting quantum dots (QDs) have been used for various optoelectronic devices and bio-sensors [1] due to tunable band gap and bright light emission. Nanoscale organic semiconductors have been utilized for heterojunction photovoltaic devices and light-emitting diodes. The hybridization of the QDs with p-type organic semiconducting nanostructures induces energy and charge transfer effects, resulting in control of efficiency of optoelectronic and photonic devices [2]. For easy hybridization, QDs can be functionalized with various chemical ligands. Depending on the hybridization types between QDs and organic semi-conductors, the energy and/or charge transfer effect can be optimized and applied to various devices. This study presents the results of multicolor optical waveguide and molecular optoelectronics using hybrids of QDs and organic semiconductors.
A case of jejunal GIST diagnosed by double balloon endoscopy but missed by capsule endoscopy (2011)

We often use capsule endoscopy for examination of OGIB. Vascular lesion, neoplastic lesion, ulcerative lesion are cause of OGIB. Capsule endoscopy is less invasive than double balloon endoscopy. But its′weak point is diagnostic performance about neoplastic lesions, especially submucosal tumor. GIST is the most common cause of submucosal tumor in small intestine. And GIST often occurs in proximal jejunum. We experienced a cese of jejunal GIST, which diagnose by double balloon endoscopy but missed by capsule endoscopy. In this paper, we show our facility and reporting policies of the literature on diagnostic strategies for patients with negative capsule endoscopy for OGIB.
Clinically apparent adverse reactions to intra-wound vancomycin powder in early onset scoliosis are rare (2017)

Pharmacological adverse reactions to TVP are rare. Future work may establish evidence-based guidelines for TVP dosing based on patient weight and other variables.
Structured Classification for Inverse Reinforcement Learning (2013)

This paper addresses the Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) problem which is a particular case of learning from demonstrations. The IRL framework assumes that an expert, demonstrating a task, is acting optimally with respect to an unknown reward function to be discovered. Unlike most of existing IRL algorithms, the proposed approach doesn’t require any of the following: complete trajectories from the expert, a generative model of the environment, the knowledge of the transition probabilities, the ability to repeatedly solve the forward Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem, the expert’s policy anywhere in the state space. Using a classification approach in which the structure of the underlying Markov Decision Process (MDP) is implicitly injected, we end-up with an efficient subgradient descent-based algorithm. In addition, only a small amount of expert demonstrations (not even in the form of trajectories but simple transitions) is required.
Targeting nucleic acid secondary structures by antisense oligonucleotides designed through in vitro selection. (1996)

Using an in vitro selection approach, we have isolated oligonucleotides that can bind to a DNA hairpin structure. Complex formation of these oligonucleotides with the target hairpin involves some type of triple-stranded structure with noncanonical interaction, as indicated by bandshift assays and footprinting studies. The selected oligomers can block restriction endonuclease cleavage of the target hairpin in a sequence-specific manner. We demonstrate that in vitro selection can extend the antisense approach to functional targeting of secondary structure motifs. This could provide a basis for interfering with regulatory processes mediated by a variety of nucleic acid structures.
Digitization and Digitalization – Where we come from (2021)

Article Digitization and Digitalization – Where we come from was published on July 1, 2021 in the journal Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy / Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement und Kulturpolitik (volume 7, issue 1).
Timing the tides: Genetic control of diurnal and lunar emergence times is correlated in the marine midge Clunio marinus (2011)

The correlation implies that the unlinked genes affecting lunar timing and the two unlinked genes affecting diurnal timing could be the same, providing an unexpectedly close interaction of the two clocks. Alternatively, the genes could be genetically linked in a two-by-two fashion, suggesting that evolution has shaped the genetic architecture to stabilize adaptive combinations of lunar and diurnal emergence times by tightening linkage. Our results, the first on genetic control of lunar rhythms, offer a new perspective to explore their molecular clockwork.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME IMIDAZO(1,2‐C)(1,2,3)TRIAZOLO(4,5‐E)PYRIMIDINES (1977)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Aminotriazolopyrimidine (Ia) bis (Ic) mit Chloracetaldehyd in Gegenwart von Na‐acetat lieferte die fluoreszierenden Imidazoderivate (II).
Plant Immunity Directly or Indirectly Restricts the Injection of Type III Effectors by the Pseudomonas syringae Type III Secretion System (2010)

Plants perceive microorganisms by recognizing microbial molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or by recognizing pathogen effectors inducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The hypersensitive response (HR), a programmed cell death response associated with ETI, is known to be inhibited by PTI. Here, we show that PTI-induced HR inhibition is due to direct or indirect restriction of the type III protein secretion system's (T3SS) ability to inject type III effectors (T3Es). We found that the Pseudomonas syringae T3SS was restricted in its ability to inject a T3E-adenylate cyclase (CyaA) injection reporter into PTI-induced tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells. We confirmed this restriction with a direct injection assay that monitored the in planta processing of the AvrRpt2 T3E. Virulent P. syringae strains were able to overcome a PAMP pretreatment in tobacco or Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and continue to inject a T3E-CyaA reporter into host cells. In contrast, ETI-inducing P. syringae strains were unable to overcome PTI-induced injection restriction. A P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 mutant lacking about one-third of its T3E inventory was less capable of injecting into PTI-induced Arabidopsis plant cells, grew poorly in planta, and did not cause disease symptoms. PTI-induced transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the T3E HopAO1 or HopF2 allowed higher amounts of the T3E-CyaA reporter to be injected into plant cells compared to wild-type plants. Our results show that PTI-induced HR inhibition is due to direct or indirect restriction of T3E injection and that T3Es can relieve this restriction by suppressing PTI.
RF Filters with Periodic Passbands for Sparse Fourier Transform-Based Spectrum Sensing (2018)

This paper demonstrates a passive low-insertionloss (IL) RF filter with periodic passbands and capable of sparsifying the spectrum from 238 to 526 MHz for sparse Fourier transform (SFT)-based spectrum sensing. The demonstrated periodic filter employs LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> lateral overtone bulk acoustic resonators (LOBARs) with high-quality factors (Qs), large electromechanical coupling (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), and multiple equally spaced resonances in a ladder topology. To demonstrate the periodic filter, the LOBARs is first modeled to predict k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of various tones accurately. The fabricated LOBARs show k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> larger than 1.5% and figure of merits (Q · k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) more than 30 for over 10 tones simultaneously, which agree with our modeled response, and are both among the highest demonstrated in overmoded resonators. The multi-band filter centered at 370 MHz has then been obtained with a passband span of 291 MHz, a spectral spacing of 22 MHz, an IL of 2 dB, FBWs around 0.6% and a sparsification ratio between 7 and 15. An out-of-band rejection around 25 dB has also been achieved for more than 14 bands. The great performance demonstrated by the RF filter with 14 useable periodic passbands will serve to enable future SFT-based spectrum sensing.
Millimeter-wave FMCW/monopulse radar front-end for automotive applications (2003)

This paper reports on the development of an FMCW/monopulse radar front-end design capable of acquiring the range and angular information of all obstacles in its field-of-view simultaneously without using a scanning or switching antenna. Design tradeoffs are discussed and radar front-end test results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: AZOLE CHEMISTRY PART 10, SILAAZOLES (1975)

Abstract Durch Kondensation der beiden 2‐Mercapto‐,imidazole (Ia) und (Ib) mit Dimethylbrommethyl‐chlorsilan (II) entstehen die Kondensate (III), die bei der Behandlung mit der starken, nicht‐nucleophilen Base L1,8‐Bis‐dimethylamino‐naphthalin zu den Imidazo‐Heterocyclen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
Advances in Well Completion Design: A New 3D Finite-Element Wellbore Inflow Model for Optimizing Performance of Perforated Completions (2002)

Overall productivity of perforated wells is influenced by a complex interaction of diverse factors, which include the length of the individual perforations, casing entrance hole diameter, perforation shot density, phase angle between the perforations, and the degree of damage inside and around the perforations. This paper presents a new wellbore inflow model that provides a more accurate means of quantifying the effects of these individual parameters on productivity and skin factor associated with perforated completions.With the introduction of API RP43 Section IV testing, in-situ perforating geometry is more accurately determined. To take advantage of this more complete perforation description, a new wellbore inflow model is developed. This model incorporates the cone-shaped perforation geometry with a tapered tip that has been observed in the laboratory for years. For the first time, the asymmetric, spiral distribution of perforations around a wellbore is modeled using a full 3- dimensional finite element model with over 30,000 elements in each perforation layer instead of the 2-dimensional and quasi 3-dimensional models used in the past.Productivity results from the new 3D model are compared with previous models to demonstrate the improvements to the inflow predictions. The effect of reservoir anisotropy on perforation design is also studied over a wide range of shot densities and phasing. Results that highlight the effect of reservoir anisotropy are presented in this work.The new results from a parametric study are used to build a database, which is used for optimizing perforation completion design.