gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G to A hypermutation of hepatitis B virus† (2005)

G to A hypermutation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is induced by a deaminase APOBEC3G and is related to host antiviral defense. APOBEC3G has also been found to reduce the replication of HIV-1 by an unknown mechanism. This enzyme also reduces the production of hepatitis B virus, although the mechanism for this action has not been clearly elucidated. The hypermutated hepatitis B virus (HBV) is rarely found in usual sequencing analyses. Using peptide nucleic acid mediated by polymerase chain reaction clamping, we detected the hypermutated HBV DNA in 1 of 8 patients with acute HBV infection and 4 of 10 with chronic HBV infection. In the latter group, hypermutated genomes were found only in eAb-positive patients. As much as 72.5% of G residues were mutated in the hypermutated clones. G to A substitutions were predominant in almost all clones sequenced compared with other substitutions. G to A mutated viral genomes also were found in HepG2-derived cell lines that continuously produced HBV into the supernatant. Both alpha and gamma interferon reduced virus production in these cell lines, but they did not alter the frequency of the hypermutation. Transcripts of APOBEC3G, as well as some other deaminases, were found in these cell lines. In conclusion, our results show that part of the minus strand DNA of HBV is hypermutated both in vitro (HepG2 cell lines) and in vivo. The role and mechanism of hypermutation in reducing HBV replication should be further investigated to understand the anti-HBV defense system.
Direct radioimmunoassay for melatonin in plasma. (1983)

Journal Article Direct radioimmunoassay for melatonin in plasma. Get access S Fraser, S Fraser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P Cowen, P Cowen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Franklin, M Franklin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C Franey, C Franey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Arendt J Arendt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 29, Issue 2, 1 February 1983, Pages 396–397, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.2.396 Published: 01 February 1983
Scheduling over non-stationary wireless channels with finite rate sets (2004)

We consider a wireless basestation transmitting high-speed data to multiple mobile users in a cell. The channel conditions between the basestation and the users are time-varying and user-dependent. We wish to define which user to schedule at each time step. Previous work on this problem has typically assumed that the channel conditions are governed by a stationary stochastic process. In this setting a popular algorithm known as Max-Weight has been shown to have good performance. However, the stationarity assumption is not always reasonable. In this paper we study a more general worst-case model in which the channel conditions are governed by an adversary and are not necessarily stationary. In this model, we show that the nonstationarities can cause Max-Weight to have extremely poor performance. In particular, even if the set of possible transmission rates is finite, as in the CDMA 1timesEV-DO system, Max-Weight can produce queues size that are exponential in the number of users. On the positive side, we describe a set of tracking algorithms that aim to track the performance of a schedule maintained by the adversary. For one of these tracking algorithms the queue sizes are only quadratic. We discuss a number of practical issues associated with the tracking algorithms. We also illustrate the performance of Max-Weight and the tracking algorithms using simulation
Spin-Polarized Photon Emission by Resonant Multipolar Nanoantennas (2014)

We demonstrate nanoscale spin control of photons emitted by an atomic system coupled to a compact plasmonic nanoantenna supporting phase-locked interference of different multipolar moments within a single resonance. Experimentally we observe chiral light emission from quantum dots over split-ring resonant nanoantennas, where the spin of the emitted photons is locked to their transverse momentum. We demonstrate that the polarization can vary from linear to elliptical with ellipticity reaching ±0.5 for emission into opposite halves of the symmetry plane of the nanoantenna.
Towards repository preservation services. Final report from the JISC Preserv 2 project (2009)

Preserv 2 investigated the preservation of data in digital institutional repositories, focussing in particular on managing storage, data and file formats. Preserv 2 developed the first repository storage controller, which will be a feature of EPrints version 3.2 software (due 2009). Plugin applications that use the controller have been written for Amazon S3 and Sun cloud services among others, as well as for local disk storage. In a breakthrough application Preserv 2 used OAI-ORE to show how data can be moved between two repository softwares with quite distinct data models, from an EPrints repository to a Fedora repository. The largest area of work in Preserv 2 was on file format management and an 'active' preservation approach. This involves identifying file formats, assessing the risks posed by those formats and taking action to obviate the risks where that could be justified. These processes were implemented with reference to a technical registry, PRONOM from The National Archives (TNA), and DROID (digital record object identification service), also produced by TNA. Preserv 2 showed we can invoke a current registry to classify the digital objects and present a hierarchy of risk scores for a repository. Classification was performed using the Preserv2 EPrints preservation toolkit. This 'wraps' DROID in an EPrints repository environment. This toolkit will be another feature available for EPrints v3.2 software. The result of file format identification can indicate a file is at risk of becoming inaccessible or corrupted. Preserv 2 developed a repository interface to present formats by risk category. Providing risk scores through the live PRONOM service was shown to be feasible. Spin-off work is ongoing to develop format risk scores by compiling data from multiple sources in a new linked data registry.
Asymmetric Construction of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters: High Stereoselection in Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions of 2‐Siloxyindoles with Chiral Aldehydes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Balance del régimen subsidiado de salud en Antioquia (2003)

El acceso a los servicios de salud está determinado por factores como la capacidad de pago, la distancia al sitio de atención, el estado de salud y la cultura. En ese contexto, el seguro facilita el acceso al remover las barreras financieras que impiden la búsqueda y utilización de servicios. El régimen subsidiado de salud colombiano (ley 100 de 1993) está inspirado en este propósito y cubre con un seguro de salud a la población de escasos recursos. De acuerdo con el esquema propuesto por Aday y Andersen de 1974 se estudian los resultados que ofrece el régimen en el departamento de Antioquia, en cuanto a condiciones de acceso y sostenibilidad financiera. Se encuentra que si bien la afiliación a la seguridad social muestra facilidades en el acceso, aún se presentan problemas referidos especialmente a pagos de bolsillo, distancia y organización de la oferta de servicios; además, existen dificultades para ampliar cobertura y sostener el plan de beneficios.
MULTILEVEL DISCRETE TIME HAZARDS MODELS OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE DUE TO AIRCRAFT NOISE AT NIGHT (2000)

A major study of sleep disturbance due to aircraft noise at night was conducted in 1991 in the UK and a report published in 1992. The study used actimetry and measured, on 400 subjects at eight sites around four airports, whether or not an individual was disturbed in each 30 second epoch across 14 nights. This paper extends earlier work on random effects model to develop a multilevel model of disturbance. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107776.
Recent developments in low temperature infrared detectors (1994)

this paper indicates the state of progress of advanced infrared detection arrays in the world. This presentation is focused on high-performance cooled detectors i.e. CdHgTe photovoltaic arrays (which are more particularly emphasized), InSb detectors, PtSi Schottky barrier diode arrays, extrinsic silicon photoconductors and III-V multi-quantum well detectors. It is shown that interest may be focused on parameters other than the intrinsic detector performance alone. Future trends concerning the technologies are briefly presented. A more detailed description of the CEA-LETI-Laboratoire Infrarouge (LIR) and SOFRADIR technology is given.
An Investigation into Initial Ranging Method for Mobile OFDMA Systems (2008)

This paper addresses initial ranging, which includes multiuser ranging code detection, multiuser timing offset estimation and multiuser power estimation at the base station for TDD OFDMA systems. By means of ranging signal design, our proposed ranging method overcomes the existing ranging method's drawbacks namely high complexity, high sensitivity to channel frequency selectivity and time selectivity. Comparisons with the existing methods [1] [2] corroborate the advantages of our method in time-varying mobile environment.
Microcomputer Aided Analysis Of Respiratory Muscle Activity In Premature Newborns (2005)

This document presents a computerized method for the analysis of the electrical activity of the respiratory muscles of premature infants. The measurement of electrical activity in the muscles of respiration provides a mean for studying muscular activity in relation to the ventilatory process.
Direct labelling of ipratropium bromide aerosol and its deposition pattern in normal subjects and patients with chronic bronchitis. (1984)

A technique for the direct labelling of ipratropium bromide with bromine-77, with reconstitution of the drug in a metered dose inhaler so as to be identical to the commercial product, was used to study drug deposition patterns in seven normal subjects and seven patients with chronic bronchitis (mean FEV1 32% (SD 12.2%) predicted normal). The gamma camera image of the thorax was divided into a middle zone--the mediastinal zone--and the lung itself into a central zone comprising its medial third and a peripheal zone, the lateral two thirds. Measurements after 10 inhalations of labelled ipratropium bromide showed similar results for the two groups of subjects. The total lung dose inhaled was 11.2% of 203 micrograms and 11.7% of 186 micrograms in the normal subjects and the patients respectively. In contrast to the deposition patterns seen in aerosol studies using steady state inhalation methods, there was no difference in deposition pattern--that is, the distribution between the central and the peripheral lung zones--between the normal subjects and the patients with airways obstruction.
Real time on-chip implementation of dynamical systems with spiking neurons (2012)

Simulation of large-scale networks of spiking neurons has become appealing for understanding the computational principles of the nervous system by producing models based on biological evidence. In particular, networks that can assume a variety of (dynamically) stable states have been proposed as the basis for different behavioural and cognitive functions. This work focuses on implementing the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF), a formal method for mapping attractor networks and control-theoretic algorithms to biologically plausible networks of spiking neurons, on the SpiNNaker system, a massive programmable parallel architecture oriented to the simulation of networks of spiking neurons. We describe how to encode and decode analog values to patterns of neural spikes directly on chip. These methods take advantage of the full programmability of the ARM968 cores constituting the processing base of a SpiNNaker node, and exploit the fast Network-on-chip for spike communication. In this paper we focus on the fundamentals of representing, transforming and implementing dynamics in spiking networks. We show real time simulation results demonstrating the NEF principles and discuss advantages, precision and scalability. More generally, the present approach can be used to state and test hypotheses with large-scale spiking neural network models for a range of different cognitive functions and behaviours.
In Pursuit of Error: A Survey of Uncertainty Visualization Evaluation (2018)

Understanding and accounting for uncertainty is critical to effectively reasoning about visualized data. However, evaluating the impact of an uncertainty visualization is complex due to the difficulties that people have interpreting uncertainty and the challenge of defining correct behavior with uncertainty information. Currently, evaluators of uncertainty visualization must rely on general purpose visualization evaluation frameworks which can be ill-equipped to provide guidance with the unique difficulties of assessing judgments under uncertainty. To help evaluators navigate these complexities, we present a taxonomy for characterizing decisions made in designing an evaluation of an uncertainty visualization. Our taxonomy differentiates six levels of decisions that comprise an uncertainty visualization evaluation: the behavioral targets of the study, expected effects from an uncertainty visualization, evaluation goals, measures, elicitation techniques, and analysis approaches. Applying our taxonomy to 86 user studies of uncertainty visualizations, we find that existing evaluation practice, particularly in visualization research, focuses on Performance and Satisfaction-based measures that assume more predictable and statistically-driven judgment behavior than is suggested by research on human judgment and decision making. We reflect on common themes in evaluation practice concerning the interpretation and semantics of uncertainty, the use of confidence reporting, and a bias toward evaluating performance as accuracy rather than decision quality. We conclude with a concrete set of recommendations for evaluators designed to reduce the mismatch between the conceptualization of uncertainty in visualization versus other fields.
No Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (2016)

Stress affects memory, yet no study has inves- tigated the effects of stress on memory inhibition: Re- membering not only facilitates later recall, but also inhibits retrieval of related material, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting. We investigated the effects of stress on this mechanum, which is thought to adaptively guide memory selection. Participants learned categorized lists and were then exposed to either a psychosocial labo- ratory Stressor or a cognitively challenging control treat- ment. They then actively retrieved parts of the previously learned material. Finally, memory for all initially learned items was tested. In the stress group, unlike in the control group, intervening retrieval practice did not impair final recall. Moreover, salivary cortisol levels increased and psychoL·gίcal well-being decreased in the stress group only. Thus, psychosocial stress abolishes retrieval-induced forgetting. This effect may result from stress-induced hormone release from the hypothalamic-pituitar -y -adrenal (HPA) axis and may have implications for educational, legal, and clinical hsues.
Symbolic Segmentation Using Algorithm Selection (2015)

In this paper we present an alternative approach to symbolic segmentation; instead of implementing a new method we approach symbolic segmentation as an algorithm selection problem. That is, let there be $n$ available algorithms for symbolic segmentation, a selection mechanism forms a set of input features and image attributes and selects on a case by case basis the best algorithm. The selection mechanism is demonstrated from within an algorithm framework where the selection is done in a set of various algorithm networks. Two sets of experiments are performed and in both cases we demonstrate that the algorithm selection allows to increase the result of the symbolic segmentation by a considerable amount.
Artificial neural network for herbal ingredient discoveries (2010)

A novel approach, which is based on artificial neural network (ANN) by backpropagation, for fast and trusted herbal ingredient discoveries, is proposed. It is fast, because different ANN modules can be executed in parallel, and the ANN results are trustworthy, because they can be verified by TCM domain experts in real clinical environments. The ANN is able to learn the relationship between herbal ingredients and the set of information given (e.g. symptoms and illnesses). The ANN output is called the relevance index (RI), which conceptually associates two TCM entities (e.g. U and V) in a 2-D or 3-D manner (D for dimension). RI is the quantified P(U∩V) part of P(U ∪ V) = P(U) + P(V) - P(U ∩ V), an IT (information technology) formalism in which P stands for probability. The interpretation of P(U ∩ V) adheres to TCM formalism(s).
Clinical Significance of Mitral Regurgitation After Acute Myocardial Infarction (1997)

Mild MR is an independent predictor of post-MI mortality. As such, it adds important information for risk stratification of post-MI patients.
A Valveless Pulse Combustor With Wide Operation Range and Low Noise Level (1989)

The possibility of a valveless pulse combustor with wide range and low noise level was experimentally examined by introducing two practical approaches simultaneously: one is the rich mixture supply outside the flammability limit, instead of the ordinary fuel supply without any primary air; the other is forced secondary air ventilation. An overall evaluation of pulsation limits was also made in terms of the volumetric efficiency of the pulse combustor. Fuel used was a commercial grade gaseous propane. The results showed that, under a constant total of equivalence ratios of 0.9, a large turn-down ratio of 9.4–11.5 and a high combustion intensity of 55–67MW/m3 could be obtained by setting the rich mixture equivalence ratio equal to 3.0. Also, the proposed valveless pulse combustor could operate more silently than the flapper-valved one by 3-8dB (A), being indicative of noise radiation due to valve flapping.
Cumulative Small Effect Genetic Markers and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia (2015)

The continued identification of new low-penetrance genetic variants for colorectal cancer (CRC) raises the question of their potential cumulative effect among compound carriers. We focused on 6 SNPs (rs380284, rs4464148, rs4779584, rs4939827, rs6983267, and rs10795668), already described as risk markers, and tested their possible independent and combined contribution to CRC predisposition. Material and Methods. DNA was collected and genotyped from 2330 unselected consecutive CRC cases and controls from Estonia (166 cases and controls), Latvia (81 cases and controls), Lithuania (123 cases and controls), and Poland (795 cases and controls). Results. Beyond individual effects, the analysis revealed statistically significant linear cumulative effects for these 6 markers for all samples except of the Latvian one (corrected P value = 0.018 for the Estonian, corrected P value = 0.0034 for the Lithuanian, and corrected P value = 0.0076 for the Polish sample). Conclusions. The significant linear cumulative effects demonstrated here support the idea of using sets of low-risk markers for delimiting new groups with high-risk of CRC in clinical practice that are not carriers of the usual CRC high-risk markers.
Prostaglandins, Fatty Acids, and Arthritis (2020)

Abundant experimental evidence supports the view that prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, collectively termed eicosanoids, participate in the development and regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses. Arachidonic acid is the major fatty acid substrate for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in cells from individuals on standard Western diets. An approach to the modulation of the generation and activities of eicosanoids is to provide substrates alternative to arachidonate for oxidative metabolism. Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by abnormal immune responses, persistent inflammation, and tissue injury, may therefore be amenable to control by dietary means. Immune complex-induced vasculitis appears to be an early event at sites of inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and in subsynovial vessels in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Systemic prostacyclin treatment prolongs survival and inhibits pulmonary vascular changes associated with the intravenous infusion of endotoxin. Supplementation of diet with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the likelihood of lipid peroxidation with its associated toxic effects on cells.
Deep crustal seismic reflection images from the Dharwar craton, Southern India—evidence for the Neoarchean subduction (2017)

Major part of the Earth's continental crust is evolved during the Archean, however, the mechanism for its formation is controversial. It could have formed either through horizontal accretion similar to the modern plate tectonic processes or by vertical accretion by plume activity. Here, we present the results of a new deep crustal seismic reflection Profiling, the DHARSEIS experiment conducted along a 200 km long Perur-Chikmagalur profile across the Archean Dharwar craton, to understand the crustal evolutionary processes during the Neoarchean. The data were processed using the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) stack method. Seismic images show distinctly different reflectivity patterns in the Mesoarchean Western and Neoarchean Eastern Dharwar Cratons (WDC and EDC), the two crustal blocks of the composite Dharwar craton. The WDC consists of a simple structure with a major part of the crust from 6 to 28 km displaying a gently dipping reflection fabric and a subhorizontal reflection fabric from 28 to 40 km except beneath the Chitradurga schist belt. On the other hand the EDC displays a complex reflectivity pattern, contrary to the simple crustal structure suggested by various other studies. A dipping Moho, oppositely dipping reflection fabric and a thrust fault are the major crustal features in the EDC. The present seismic study imaged a west-dipping reflection fabric extending from 34 to 43 km in the EDC, which is interpreted to represent an upper-mantle subduction zone. During this process the EDC was thrusted obliquely against the pre-existing proto-continent WDC and accreted to it. Oppositely dipping reflection fabrics with a crustal root at the convergence boundary suggest accretion of WDC and EDC during the Neoarchean orogeny. The collisional boundary coincides with the location of ∼2.5 Ga Closepet granite. Seismic images suggest the Moho as a detachment boundary. The present study reveals a likely two-stage subduction-accretion process for the evolution of continental crust during the Neoarchean. Plate tectonic processes were responsible for the Neoarchean crustal growth in the region.
Cross-Phase Modulation Induced by OOK Channels on Higher-Rate DQPSK and Coherent QPSK Channels (2009)

In this paper we show that, in hybrid wavelength division multiplexed systems, the performance of high datatrate QPSK channels impaired by cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by the lower rate OOK channels can be simply estimated by an extension of a well-known linear model for XPM, and novel analytical expressions of the sensitivity penalty are provided. From such a model we prove that the reported QPSK penalty decrease with QPSK baud rate increase should be attributed to the action of the phase estimation process rather than to the walkoff effect. The model also simply shows how coherent QPSK is more affected by XPM than incoherent DQPSK, and allows to infer that even more impact is expected when the baudrate is further reduced through polarization multiplexing.