gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exo-Enzymatic Cell-Surface Glycan Labeling for Capturing Glycan–Protein Interactions through Photo-Cross-Linking (2022)

Tools to interrogate glycoconjugate-protein interactions in the context of living cells are highly attractive for the identification of critically important functional binding partners of glycan-binding proteins. These interactions are challenging to study due to the low affinity and rapid dissociation rates of glycan-protein binding events. The use of photo-cross-linkers to capture glycan-protein interaction complexes has shown great promise for identifying binding partners involved in these interactions. Current methodologies use metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) to incorporate photo-cross-linking sugars. However, these MOE strategies are not amenable to all cell types and can result in low incorporation and cell-surface display of the photo-cross-linking probe, limiting their utility for studying many types of interactions. We describe here an exo-enzymatic strategy for selectively introducing photo-cross-linking probes into cell-surface glycoconjugates using the recombinant human sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 and a diazirine-linked CMP-Neu5Ac derivative. Probe introduction is highly efficient, amenable to different cell types, and resulted in improved cross-linking when compared to MOE. This exo-enzymatic labeling approach can selectively introduce the photo-cross-linking sugar onto specific glycan epitopes and subclasses by harnessing the specificity of the sialyltransferase employed, underscoring its potential as a tool to interrogate and identify glycoconjugate ligands for diverse glycan-binding proteins.
Central nervous system toxicity of metallic nanoparticles (2015)

Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used for the therapy, diagnosis, and monitoring of disease- or drug-induced mechanisms in the human biological system. In view of their small size, after certain modifications, NMs have the capacity to bypass or cross the blood-brain barrier. Nanotechnology is particularly advantageous in the field of neurology. Examples may include the utilization of nanoparticle (NP)-based drug carriers to readily cross the blood-brain barrier to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, nanoscaffolds for axonal regeneration, nanoelectromechanical systems in neurological operations, and NPs in molecular imaging and CNS imaging. However, NPs can also be potentially hazardous to the CNS in terms of nano-neurotoxicity via several possible mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, autophagy, and lysosome dysfunction, and the activation of certain signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the dual effect of NMs on the CNS and the mechanisms involved. The limitations of the current research are also discussed.
Design and Development of a Novel Compact Soft-Surface Structure for the Front-to-Back Ratio Improvement and Size Reduction of a Microstrip Yagi Array Antenna (2008)

In this letter, a novel antenna structure based on a microstrip Yagi array antenna and a soft surface (SS) ring is proposed, that enables a highly directional gain in addition to an improved front-to-back (F/B) ratio of more than 20 dB. The SS ring is shown to be capable of greatly improving the performance while miniaturizing the design's size by half. The implementation of the SS ring to a microstrip Yagi array antenna is demonstrated to verify its functionality in suppressing surface waves, showing that an improvement of at least 3 dB in the F/B ratio can be obtained. The design is investigated at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz; however, the structure can be easily scaled to other frequency ranges. A design analysis is performed to give insight into the operational mechanism of the SS ring and the critical dimensions that affect the SS structure surrounding the antenna array. In addition, measurements are presented to validate the results obtained via simulation. The principles established in this letter can be applied to other planar antenna designs.
NetSpy: Automatic Generation of Spyware Signatures for NIDS (2006)

We present NetSpy, a tool to automatically generate network-level signatures for spyware. NetSpy determines whether an untrusted program is spyware by correlating user input with network traffic generated by the untrusted program. If classified as spyware, NetSpy also generates a signature characterizing the malicious substrate of the spyware's network behavior. Such a signature can be used by network intrusion detection systems to detect spyware installations in large networks. In our experiments, NetSpy precisely identified each of the 7 spyware programs that we considered and generated network-level signatures for them. Of the 9 supposedly-benign programs that we considered, NetSpy correctly characterized 6 of them as benign. The remaining 3 programs showed network behavior that was highly suggestive of spying activity
Non-line-of-sight error mitigation in mobile location (2004)

The location of mobile terminals has received considerable attention in the recent years. The performance of mobile location systems is limited by errors primarily caused by nonline-of-sight (NLOS) propagation conditions. In this paper, we investigate the NLOS error identification and correction techniques for mobile user location in wireless cellular systems. Based on how much a priori knowledge of the NLOS error is available, two NLOS mitigation algorithms are proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that, with the prior information database, the location estimate can he obtained with good accuracy even in severe NLOS propagation conditions.
Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate versus University of Wisconsin solution in living donor liver transplantation: Results of a prospective study (2003)

The grafts obtained from a living donor hepatectomy are perfused on the back table with either University of Wisconsin solution (UW) or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (HTK). The efficacy and safety of these solutions have been studied in cadaveric liver transplantation, however, there is no study comparing the two solutions in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. In this study, UW and HTK were used in the perfusion of right living donor grafts. The grafts were perfused with a predetermined sequence and volume of one of the solutions. Liver biochemistries, complications, and graft and patient survival were analyzed. From January 2001 to September 2002, 30 grafts were alternately perfused with either UW (UW group) or HTK (HTK group). The perfusion was performed first via the artery and then via the portal vein with a predetermined volume. At a mean follow-up of 13 +/- 7 months, no significant statistical difference between groups UW and HTK in posttransplantation liver biochemistries, complications, or patient and graft survival (84% and 80%, respectively) was observed. In conclusion, UW and HTK are equally effective and safe in the perfusion of the living donor liver grafts. HTK has a slight practical advantage over UW because it does not need to be flushed away before reperfusion of the graft and is less expensive.
A field-ion microscopy study of ion damage to tungsten (1983)

The effects of low energy in-situ ion bombardment of tungsten field ion emission surfaces are studied using various ion energies and plasmas produced from pure hydrogen, deuterium, neon, and argon gases. The results show that the average void size and depth of damage increase with ion energy, atomic weight, and ion dosage (the total number of ions to strike the tip per unit area). Sputtering occurs in most samples. In general the highest sputtering damage is observed along the close packed 〈111〉 directions. Die Einflüsse eines niederenergetischen in-situ-Ionen-Bombardments von Wolfram-Feldionenemissions Oberflächen werden bei verschiedenen Ionenenergien und Plasmen aus reinem Wasserstoff-, Deuterium, Neon- und Argongasen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß mittlere Hohlraumgröße und die Tiefe der Strahlenschädigung mit der Ionenenergie, dem Atomgewicht und Ionendosis (Gesamtzahl der Ionen, die pro Einheitsfläche die Spitze treffen) zunehmen. In den meisten Proben tritt Sputtering auf. Im allgemeinen wird die höchste Sputtering-Strahlenschädigung entlang der dichtgepackten 〈111〉-Richtungen beobachtet.
Reclustering of scattered Golgi elements occurs along microtubules. (1989)

Depolymerization of the interphase microtubules by nocodazole results in the scattering and apparent fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in Vero fibroblast cells. Upon removal of the drug, the interphase microtubules repolymerize, and the scattered Golgi elements move back to the region around the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) within 40 to 60 min. Using a fluorescent lipid analogue (C6-NBD-ceramide) as a vital stain for the scattered Golgi elements, their relocation was visualized by video-enhanced fluorescence microscopy in Vero cells maintained at 20 degrees C. The NBD-labeled structures were identified as Golgi elements by their colocalization with galactosyltransferase in the fixed cells. During reclustering, NBD-labeled Golgi elements were observed to move by discontinuous saltations towards the MTOC with velocities of 0.1 to 0.4 micron/s. Paths along which Golgi elements moved were super-imposable on microtubules visualized by indirect immunofluorescence. Neither the collapse of intermediate filaments caused by microinjection of antibodies to vimentin nor the disruption of microfilaments by cytochalasin D had an effect on the reclustering of Golgi elements or the positioning of the Golgi apparatus. These data show that scattered Golgi elements move along microtubules back to the region around the MTOC, while neither intact intermediate filaments nor microfilaments are involved.
Osthole sensitizes with radiotherapy to suppress tumorigenesis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo (2018)

Osthole increases the effect of radiotherapy on anti-human nasopharyngeal cancer.
Thresholds for tissue ablation by focused ultrasound (2002)

Thresholds are reported for the production of in vivo focal ultrasonic tissue ablation, in rat kidneys, for single-shot irradiation at 1 MHz and 2.25 MHz with time durations ranging from 10 ms to 1 s. Several investigators have studied ultrasonic dosages for tissue damage, whereas here thresholds are given to produce total tissue ablation. It is shown that with short bursts, at the thresholds for tissue ablation, lesions as well as cavities surrounded by a small ring of coagulating necrosis which always appears at the focus of the sound wave are produced. However, when the intensity is increased, the lesions are more diffuse and do not necessarily appear at the focus, but at random positions. Sometimes for the highest intensities no lesion is present, suggesting that cavities form in the coupling medium.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oral glucose intake inhibits hypothalamic neuronal activity more effectively than glucose infusion (2007)

We previously showed that hypothalamic neuronal activity, as measured by the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI signal, declines in response to oral glucose intake. To further explore the mechanism driving changes in hypothalamic neuronal activity in response to an oral glucose load, we here compare hypothalamic BOLD signal changes subsequent to an oral vs. an intravenous (iv) glucose challenge in healthy humans. Seven healthy, normal-weight men received four interventions in random order after an overnight fast: 1) ingestion of glucose solution (75 g in 300 ml) or 2) water (300 ml), and 3) iv infusion of 40% glucose solution (0.5 g/kg body wt, maximum 35 g) or 4) infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl, equal volume). The BOLD signal was recorded as of 8 min prior to intervention (baseline) until 30 min after. Glucose infusion was associated with a modest and transient signal decline in the hypothalamus. In contrast, glucose ingestion was followed by a profound and persistent signal decrease despite the fact that plasma glucose levels were almost threefold lower than in response to iv administration. Accordingly, glucose ingestion tended to suppress hunger more than iv infusion (P < 0.1). We infer that neural and endocrine signals emanating from the gastrointestinal tract are critical for the hypothalamic response to nutrient ingestion.
Channel access scheduling in Ad Hoc networks with unidirectional links (2001)

A new family of collision-free channel access protocols for ad hoc networks with unidirectional links is introduced. These protocols are based on a distributed contention resolution algorithm that operates at each node based on the list of direct contenders (one-hop neighbors or incident links) and indirect interferences (two-hop neighbors and related links). Depending on the activation scheme (node activation or link activation), a network node uses the identifiers of its neighbors one and two hops away to elect deterministically one or multiple winners for channel access in each contention context (e.g., a time slot or a frequency band). The protocols are shown to be fair and capable of achieving maximum utilization of the channel bandwidth. The delay and throughput characteristics of the channel access protocols is studied by simulations.
Relationship between muscle mass and muscle strength, and the impact of comorbidities: a population-based, cross-sectional study of older adults in the United States (2013)

Among individuals aged 50 and older in the US, muscle mass and muscle strength are positively correlated, independent of the associations of age and gender with muscle mass and strength. A variety of comorbid medical conditions serve as independent predictors of lower muscle strength (e.g., diabetes, CHD/CHF, vision problems) and/or modify the relationship between muscle mass and muscle strength (e.g., obesity).
Robust control for independently rotating wheelsets on a railway vehicle using practical sensors (2001)

This paper presents the development of H/sub /spl infin// control strategy for the active steering of railway vehicles with independently rotating wheelsets. The primary objective of the active steering is to stabilize the wheelset and to provide a guidance control. Some fundamental problems for active steering are addressed in the study. The developed controller is able to maintain stability and good performance when parameter variations occur, in particular at the wheel-rail interface. The control is also robust against structured uncertainties that are not included in the model such as actuator dynamics. Furthermore the control design is formulated to use only practical sensors of inertial and speed measurements, as some basic measurements required for active steering such as wheel-rail lateral displacement cannot be easily and economically measured in practice.
Third harmonic generation in exposed-core microstructured optical fibers (2016)

Inter-modal phase-matched third harmonic generation has been demonstrated in an exposed-core microstructured optical fiber. Our fiber, with a partially open core having a diameter of just 1.85 µm, shows efficient multi-peak third-harmonic generation between 500 nm and 530 nm, with a maximum visible-wavelength output of 0.96 μW. Mode images and simulations show strong agreement, confirming the phase-matching process and polarization dependence. We anticipate this work will lead to tailorable and tunable visible light sources by exploiting the open access to the optical fiber core, such as depositing thin-film coatings in order to shift the phase matching conditions.
Factors associated with the quality of care at the end of life in children with cancer (2004)

8529 Background: Factors associated with parents' and physicians' assessments of the quality of care for children at the end of life have not been previously described. Methods: Between 1997 and 2001 we interviewed 144 parents of children who died of cancer while receiving care at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Children's Hospital Boston and Children's Hospital and Clinics, St Paul and Minneapolis (overall response rate 63%). Parent assessment of the primary oncologist's overall care as “excellent” or “very good” was used as the outcome variable in a multivariable logistic regression model. A second logistic regression model used the oncologist's assessment of the child's care having gone “as well as could be expected” as the outcome. Covariates used to build both models included parent-rated aspects of communication with the oncologist and the parent's assessment of the child's symptoms and suffering. Results: Higher parent ratings of overall care were associated with providers giving clear information about what to expect in the end of life period (OR 19.90, p=0.0169), communicating in a sensitive and caring manner (OR 7.67, p=0.0095), communicating directly with the child when appropriate (OR 11.18, p=0.0011), and preparing the parent for the circumstances surrounding the child's death (OR 4.84, p=0.0339). Parent report of the child's pain and suffering were not significant correlates of parental ratings of care (p=1.0 and 0.41, respectively). Higher oncologists' ratings of care were inversely associated with the parent's report of the child's experience of pain (OR=0.15, p=0.0148) and a long period of hospitalization in the last month of life (OR 0.24, p=0.0007, for greater than 10 hospital days). Parent-rated communication factors and parent ratings of overall care were not significant correlates of oncologist-rated care. Conclusions: While physicians focus on pain and length of hospitalization as indicators of quality of care for children at the end of life, optimal communication is highly valued by parents. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Proper statistical methods required to compare clinical measurements (2005)

Ostrin and Glasser1 compare 4 techniques of the standard clinical “push-up” method for measuring the amplitude of accommodation. The assessment of their data is based on the statistical method of regression analysis. The inappropriate selection and use of this analysis can and does result in misleading conclusions.2 The appropriate statistical method for comparing clinical measurement techniques was well described in the classic paper by Bland and Altman2 in 1986. We are unable to correctly reanalyze their data since the authors do not provide sufficient data for our independent evaluation by the Bland-Altman method. However, a comparison of the precision of the authors' techniques can be evaluated from their data. This is achieved by determining the coefficient of variation expressed as a percentage (%CV):3 The smaller the %CV, the better the precision. Calculation of the %CV of each of the techniques by using the mean and standard deviation of the measurements provided by Ostrin and Glasser1 demonstrates that, contrary to the authors' conclusions, the Hartinger measurements are the least precise (Table 1).Table 1: The coefficient of variation of the amplitude of accommodation for each method used by Ostrin and Glasser1 (calculated using the data given in Table 1).In brief, inadequate sample size within each subgroup and inappropriate selection and application of statistical methods can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ostrin and Glasser have not addressed these issues in their methodology and analysis, leaving their conclusions without scientific merit. Ronald A. Schachar MD, PhD Dallas, Texas, USA
Combined Surface Activated Bonding Technique for Low-Temperature Cu/Dielectric Hybrid Bonding (2016)

Cu/dielectric hybrid bonding at low temperatures of no more than 200°C remains challenging because of the different features of Cu-Cu and dielectric-dielectric (such as SiO2-SiO2) bonding. This paper reports a combined surface activated bonding (SAB) technique for low-temperature Cu-Cu, SiO2-SiO2, and SiO2-SiNx bonding. This technique involves a combination of surface irradiation using a Si-containing Ar beam and prebonding attach-detach process prior to bonding in vacuum. Wafer bonding experiments were conducted at either room temperature or 200°C. Results of bonding strength measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) observations, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were reported and discussed to understand the present combined SAB technique.
Addressing Challenges in the Stereospecific Lithiation-Borylation of Carbamates (2010)

The enantioselective synthesis of chiral tertiary alcohols remains a challenge in organic synthesis. The authors have previously developed an approach based on the lithiation of chiral secondary carbamates and their subsequent reaction with organoboron reagents (V. K. Aggarwal and co-workers Nature 2008, 456, 778). In the present report the authors address factors which are important to the enantio­selectivity of the process and provide solutions to overcome the poor selectivity observed with challenging substrates.
MODELLING OF CRYOGENIC COOLING IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND TEMPERATURE PLASMA SPRAYING PROCESS (2023)

Ceramics coating by plasma spraying on thermally sensitive substrates needs a hard cooling unto the substrate immedialty behind the plasma and particles jet moving. That needs a cryogenic cooling spray. The two presented softwares simulate the formation of the droplets and their trajectories between the nozzle and the substrate. Flux measurements show the different cooling mechanisms with the spray parameters.
Applications of the Dose-Response for Muscular Strength Development: A Review of Meta-Analytic Efficacy and Reliability for Designing Training Prescription (2005)

There has been a proliferation in recent scholarly discussion regarding the scientific validity of single vs. multiple sets of resistance training (dose) to optimize muscular strength development (response). Recent meta-analytical research indicates that there exist distinct muscular adaptations, and dose-response relationships, that correspond to certain populations. It seems that training status influences the requisite doses as well as the potential magnitude of response. Specifically, for individuals seeking to experience muscular strength development beyond that of general health, an increase in resistance-training dosage must accompany increases in training experience. The purpose of this document is to analyze and apply the findings of 2 meta-analytical investigations that identified dose-response relationships for 3 populations: previously untrained, recreationally trained, and athlete; and thereby reveal distinct, quantified, dose-response trends for each population segment. Two meta-analytical investigations, consisting of 177 studies and 1,803 effect sizes (ES) were examined to extract the dose-response continuums for intensity, frequency, volume of training, and the resultant strength increases, specific to each population. ES data demonstrate unique dose-response relationships per population. For untrained individuals, maximal strength gains are elicited at a mean training intensity of 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 3 days per week, and with a mean training volume of 4 sets per muscle group. Recreationally trained nonathletes exhibit maximal strength gains with a mean training intensity of 80% of 1RM, 2 days per week, and a mean volume of 4 sets. For athlete populations, maximal strength gains are elicited at a mean training intensity of 85% of 1RM, 2 days per week, and with a mean training volume of 8 sets per muscle group. These meta-analyses demonstrate that the effort-to-benefit ratio is different for untrained, recreationally trained, and athlete populations; thus, emphasizing the necessity of appropriate exercise prescription to optimize training effect. Exercise professionals may apply these dose-response trends to prescribe appropriate, goal-oriented training programs.