gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A joint appearance-spatial distance for kernel-based image categorization (2008)

The goal of image categorization is to classify a collection of unlabeled images into a set of predefined classes to support semantic-level image retrieval. The distance measures used in most existing approaches either ignored the spatial structures or used them in a separate step. As a result, these distance measures achieved only limited success. To address these difficulties, in this paper, we propose a new distance measure that integrates joint appearance-spatial image features. Such a distance measure is computed as an upper bound of an information-theoretic discrimination, and can be computed efficiently in a recursive formulation that scales well to image size. In addition, the upper bound approximation can be further tightened via adaption learning from a universal reference model. Extensive experiments on two widely-used data sets show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
PrivateFS (2012)

PrivateFS is an oblivious file system that enables access to remote storage, while keeping both the file contents and client access patterns secret. PrivateFS is based on a new parallel Oblivious RAM mechanism (PD-ORAM)---instead of waiting for the completion of all ongoing client-server transactions, client threads can now engage a server in parallel without loss of privacy.
Fungal type III polyketide synthases (2014)

This article covers the literature on fungal type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) published from 2005 to 2014. Since the first discovery of fungal type III PKS genes in Aspergillus oryzae, reported in 2005, putative genes for type III PKSs have been discovered in fungal genomes. Compared with type I PKSs, type III PKSs are much less abundant in fungi. However, type III PKSs could have some critical roles in fungi. This article summarizes the studies on fungal type III PKS functional analysis, including Neurospora crassa ORAS, Aspergillus niger AnPKS, Botrytis cinerea BPKS and Aspergillus oryzae CsyA and CsyB. It is mostly in vitro analysis using their recombinant enzymes that has revealed their starter and product specificities. Of these, CsyB was found to be a new kind of type III PKS that catalyses the coupling of two β-keto fatty acyl CoAs. Homology modelling reported in this article supports the importance of the capacity of the acyl binding tunnel and active site cavity in fungal type III PKSs.
Discovering Useful Parts for Pose Estimation in Sparsely Annotated\n Datasets (2016)

Our work introduces a novel way to increase pose estimation accuracy by\ndiscovering parts from unannotated regions of training images. Discovered parts\nare used to generate more accurate appearance likelihoods for traditional\npart-based models like Pictorial Structures [13] and its derivatives. Our\nexperiments on images of a hawkmoth in flight show that our proposed approach\nsignificantly improves over existing work [27] for this application, while also\nbeing more generally applicable. Our proposed approach localizes landmarks at\nleast twice as accurately as a baseline based on a Mixture of Pictorial\nStructures (MPS) model. Our unique High-Resolution Moth Flight (HRMF) dataset\nis made publicly available with annotations.\n
Landslides triggered by an earthquake and heavy rainfalls at Aso volcano, Japan, detected by UAS and SfM-MVS photogrammetry (2018)

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and structure-from-motion multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry have attracted a tremendous amount of interest for use in the creation of high-definition topographic data for geoscientific studies. By using these techniques, this study examined the topographic characteristics of coseismic landslides triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.1) in the Sensuikyo area (1.0 km2) at Aso volcano, Japan. The study area has frequently experienced rainfall-induced landslide events, such as those in 1990, 2001, and 2012. We obtained orthorectified images and digital surface models (DSMs) with a spatial resolution of 0.06 m before and after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. By using these high-definition images and DSMs, we detected a total of 54 coseismic landslides with volumes of 9.1–3994.6 m3. These landslides, many of which initiated near topographic ridges, were typically located on upside hillslopes of previous rainfall-induced landslide scars that formed in 2012. This result suggests that the topographic effect on seismic waves, i.e., amplification of ground acceleration, was important for coseismic landslide initiation in the study area. The average depth of the coseismic landslides was 1.5 m, which is deeper than the depth of the rainfall-induced landslides prior to these. The total sediment production of the coseismic landslides reached 2.5 × 104 m3/km2, which is of the same order as the sediment production triggered by the previous single heavy rainfall event. This result indicates that the effects of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in terms of sediment production and topographic changes were similar to those of the rainfall-induced landslide event in the study area.
Discrete/continuous modelling of speaking style in hmm-based speech synthesis: Design and evaluation (2011)

This paper assesses the ability of a HMM-based speech synthe-sis systems to model the speech characteristics of various speak-ing styles1. A discrete/continuous HMM is presented to model the symbolic and acoustic speech characteristics of a speak-ing style. The proposed model is used to model the average characteristics of a speaking style that is shared among various speakers, depending on specific situations of speech communi-cation. The evaluation consists of an identification experiment of 4 speaking styles based on delexicalized speech, and com-pared to a similar experiment on natural speech. The compari-son is discussed and reveals that discrete/continuous HMM con-sistently models the speech characteristics of a speaking style. Index Terms: speaking style, speech synthesis, speech prosody, average modelling.
S=1/2Degrees of Freedom in Haldane System Y2BaNiO5Observed by Submillimeter Wave ESR (1998)

We have performed submillimeter wave ESR measurement of Haldane system Y 2 BaNiO 5 in the frequency region from 50 to 383 GHz using the pulsed magnetic field up to 16 T. Due to the excess oxygens, a few percent of Ni 2+ ions of Y 2 BaNiO 5 , which we used, are substituted by the Ni 3+ ion of which spin is S =1/2. The ESR signals coming from the S =1/2 degrees of freedom originated by the Ni 3+ ion at the end of the finite chain, are observed at 4.2 K. The frequency-field relations of these ESR signals are analyzed by the model based on the VBS model, which is used in the case of Cu 2+ doped NENP. The signs of the single ion anisotropies D and E are determined from the analysis.
The Effect of Standard versus Longer Intestinal Bypass on GLP-1 Regulation and Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. The Long-Limb study (2020)

Objective &lt;p&gt;Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) characteristically enhances post-prandial levels of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a mechanism that contributes to its profound glucose-lowering effects. This enhancement is thought to be triggered by bypass of food to the distal small intestine with higher densities of neuroendocrine L-cells. We hypothesised that if this is the predominant mechanism behind the enhanced secretion of GLP-1, a longer intestinal bypass would potentiate the post-prandial peak in GLP-1, translating into higher insulin secretion and thus additional improvements in glucose tolerance. To investigate this, we conducted a mechanistic study comparing two variants of RYGB that differ in the length of intestinal bypass.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Research Design and Methods&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity were randomised to either ‘standard limb’ RYGB (50cm biliopancreatic limb) or ‘long limb’ RYGB (150cm biliopancreatic limb). They underwent measurements of GLP-1 and insulin secretion following a mixed meal and insulin sensitivity using euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps at baseline, 2 weeks and at 20% weight loss after surgery.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Both groups exhibited enhancement in post-prandial GLP-1 secretion and improvements in glycaemia compared to baseline. There were no significant differences in post-prandial peak concentrations of GLP-1, time to peak, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt; The findings of this study demonstrate that lengthening of the intestinal bypass in RYGB does not affect GLP-1 secretion. Thus, the characteristic enhancement of GLP-1 response after RYGB might not depend on delivery of nutrients to more distal intestinal segments.
Improved performance ladar receiver (2010)

Optical LADARs require high sensitivity near 1 nanowatt while also having fast recovery to overloads as high as 100W. Fast recovery is required in order to detect a secondary target from behind a bright target. In the current work, we have created a new family of LADAR receivers having a higher gain bandwidth product than most commercially available receivers. While maintaining the receiver bandwidth, a 4.8 &times; increase in responsivity can now be achieved. With cooling of the APD, these new receivers are offering more than a twofold time reduction of the NEP, allowing longer range coverage of the LADAR system. In addition, a new feature is the improvement of the overload recovery to 93ns from an laser pulse of 56mW, allowing close secondary target detection.
Evolution of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Vietnam between 2001 and 2007 (2008)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses have caused dramatic economic losses to the poultry industry of Vietnam and continue to pose a serious threat to public health. As of June 2008, Vietnam had reported nearly one third of worldwide laboratory confirmed human H5N1 infections. To better understand the emergence, spread and evolution of H5N1 in Vietnam we studied over 300 H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from Vietnam since their first detection in 2001. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that six genetically distinct H5N1 viruses were introduced into Vietnam during the past seven years. The H5N1 lineage that evolved following the introduction in 2003 of the A/duck/Hong Kong/821/2002-like viruses, with clade 1 hemagglutinin (HA), continued to predominate in southern Vietnam as of May 2007. A virus with a clade 2.3.4 HA newly introduced into northern Vietnam in 2007, reassorted with pre-existing clade 1 viruses, resulting in the emergence of novel genotypes with neuraminidase (NA) and/or internal gene segments from clade 1 viruses. A total of nine distinct genotypes have been present in Vietnam since 2001, including five that were circulating in 2007. At least four of these genotypes appear to have originated in Vietnam and represent novel H5N1 viruses not reported elsewhere. Geographic and temporal analyses of H5N1 infection dynamics in poultry suggest that the majority of viruses containing new genes were first detected in northern Vietnam and subsequently spread to southern Vietnam after reassorting with pre-existing local viruses in northern Vietnam. Although the routes of entry and spread of H5N1 in Vietnam remain speculative, enhanced poultry import controls and virologic surveillance efforts may help curb the entry and spread of new HPAI viral genes.
Negative Pressure Suction During Blood Sampling May Reduce the Difference in Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Results Between Fingertip Pricking and Forearm Pricking (2004)

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) at alternate puncture sites, such as the forearm, gives users an alternative to fingertip puncture, which can be painful. However, it has been reported that blood glucose values obtained at alternate sites are different from those obtained at the fingertip. We aimed to examine whether SMBG results obtained at the forearm are clinically identical to those at the fingertip and whether blood sampling technique by negative pressure suction could reduce the fingertip-to-forearm differences.

Five male volunteers were recruited. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) identified four individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and one with diabetes. Subject age, HbA1c, fasting venous plasma glucose, and BMI were 50.4 ± 2.1 years, 5.2 ± 0.3%, 95 ± 10 mg/dl, and 23.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2, respectively (means ± SE). Each participant was fully informed about the experiment and signed the consent form before the study began.

OGTT and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were continuously performed in the fasting state. OGTT was performed using the usual methods; blood glucose levels were monitored at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the ingestion of a 75-g glucose solution. After the blood collection at 120 min of the OGTT, ITT was started by intravenous administration of insulin at 0.1 unit/1 kg body wt. The …
Thin-film deposition: principles and practice (1996)

Thin Film Technology. Gas Kinetics. Vacuum Technology. Evaporation. Deposition. Epitaxy. Chemical Vapor Deposition. High-Energy Techniques. Plasma Processes. Film Characterization.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Crystalline Imidazo(2,1‐b)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles. Part 3. Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Imidazo(2,1‐b)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles with Polar Substituents. (1988)

Abstract The dielectric properties of the title compounds (IV), (VI) and (VII) in a liquid‐crystalline matrix are investigated.
Stereocontrolled approach to 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-dienes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled approach to 1,4-disubstituted 1,3-dienesBarry M. Trost, Stephen A. Godleski, and Joachim IppenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 24, 4559–4564Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00418a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00418a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stimulation biologique de la régénération axonale (2011)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Global Gene Expression Changes During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Human Breast Cancer (2002)

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze global gene expression changes in serial tumor core biopsy specimens taken during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Core biopsy specimens from tumors were obtained before treatment and 24 and/or 48 hours after treatment from 21 women who were beginning chemotherapy for breast cancer. RNA was extracted, and radiolabeled complementary DNA was synthesized. The complementary DNA probes were hybridized to high-density microarray membranes that contained more than 25,000 human sequence clones. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to compare the degree of similarity between expression profiles. RESULTS Twenty-five (45%) of the 56 available core specimens yielded sufficient quantity and quality RNA for microarray analysis. Microarray profiles were performed only on samples from patients with pretreatment and posttreatment specimens, resulting in serial data sets for five patients (14 specimens). The serial samples from individual patients clustered more closely than the samples taken from different patients. Analyses of the variance of individual gene expression showed that there were significantly fewer genes with fivefold differences in expression in an individual tumor at different times (average, 359 genes) versus pre-treatment samples of different tumors (average, 732 genes). Patients with a good pathological response to treatment had gene patterns that clustered distinctly from those of poor responders. Significant transcriptional response occurred in all patients during therapy. Surprisingly, all patients had different genes change after chemotherapy, with no single gene having a significant expression change in all five patients. DISCUSSION This is the first report to show global gene expression changes during chemotherapy in a human solid tumor. Comprehensive gene expression profiles of more than 25,000 genes can be obtained from core biopsy specimens. A remarkable diversity in transcriptional response was observed for individual cases. Further data are needed to determine whether gene profiling can predict response to chemotherapy.
Marked Decline in Serum Concentrations of Adrenal C19 Sex Steroid Precursors and Conjugated Androgen Metabolites During Aging (1997)

The present data show a dramatic decline in the circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (5-diol), 5-diol-sulfate, 5-diol-fatty acid esters, and androstenedione in both men and women between the ages of 20–80 yr. In the 50- to 60-yr-old group, serum DHEA decreased by 74% and 70% from its peak values in 20- to 30-yr-old men and women, respectively. The serum concentrations of the conjugated metabolites of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), namely androsterone (ADT)-G, androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol-G), androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol-G), and ADT-sulfate are the most reliable parameters of the total androgen pool in both men and women, whereas serum testosterone and DHT can be used as markers of testicular secretion in men and interstitial ovarian secretion in women. The serum concentration of these various conjugated androgen metabolites decreased by 40.8% to 72.8% between the 20- to 30-yr-old and 70- to 80-yr-old age groups in men and women, respectively, thus suggesting a parallel decrease in the total androgen pool with age. As estimated by measurement of the circulating levels of these conjugated metabolites of DHT, it is noteworthy that women produce approximately 66% of the total androgens found in men. In women, most of these androgens originate from the transformation of DHEA and DHEA-S into testosterone and DHT in peripheral intracrine tissues, whereas in men the testes and DHEA and DHEA-S provide approximately equal amounts of androgens at the age of 50–60 yr. An additional potentially highly significant observation is that the majority of the marked decline in circulating adrenal C19 steroids and their resulting androgen metabolites takes place between the age groups of 20- to 30-yr olds and 50- to 60-yr-olds, with smaller changes are observed after the age of 60 yr.
Weighted-Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme using Clustering in Cognitive Radio Systems (2008)

Cognitive radio is an advanced technology for efficient utilization of under-utilized spectrum since it is able to sense the available spectrum and use empty frequency bands if there is no use of primary user. These sensing observations are forwarded a cognitive radio base-station through fading channels, the sensing performance will be severely degraded. In order to mitigate this effect, weighted-cooperative sensing was considered to be a promising way in our previous work, which combines the sensing result of each CR user to improve the performance. However, in practical, the probability of detection is unavailable to calculate in each user. In this paper, we propose a weighted-cooperative sensing scheme using clustering to improve the performance and to overcome the critical problem. Numerical results show that the sensing performance is improved obviously as opposed to conventional spectrum scheme.
αB-Crystallin Suppresses Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy (2008)

AlphaB-crystallin (CryAB) is the most abundant small heat shock protein (HSP) constitutively expressed in cardiomyocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that CryAB can protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the role of CryAB or any HSPs in cardiac responses to mechanical overload is unknown. This study addresses this issue. Nontransgenic mice and mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted transgenic overexpression of CryAB or with germ-line ablation of the CryAB/HSPB2 genes were subjected to transverse aortic constriction or sham surgery. Two weeks later, cardiac responses were analyzed by fetal gene expression profiling, cardiac function analyses, and morphometry. Comparison among the 3 sham surgery groups reveals that CryAB overexpression is benign, whereas the knockout is detrimental to the heart as reflected by cardiac hypertrophy and malfunction at 10 weeks of age. Compared to nontransgenic mice, transgenic mouse hearts showed significantly reduced NFAT transactivation and attenuated cardiac hypertrophic responses to transverse aortic constriction but unchanged cardiac function, whereas NFAT transactivation was significantly increased in cardiac and skeletal muscle of the knockout mice at baseline, and they developed cardiac insufficiency at 2 weeks after transverse aortic constriction. CryAB overexpression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes significantly attenuated adrenergic stimulation-induced NFAT transactivation and hypertrophic growth. We conclude that CryAB suppresses cardiac hypertrophic responses likely through attenuating NFAT signaling and that CryAB and/or HSPB2 are essential for normal cardiac function.
ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in cultured hepatocytes. Interactions with DNA repair. (1982)

A rapid increase in ADP-ribosyltransferase activity was observed when freshly isolated hepatocytes derived from adult rats were established in primary monolayer culture. (ADP-ribose)n-degrading activity remained constant over a period of 48 h of culture. Inhibition of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity with pyridine derivatives, 3-aminobenzamide, theophylline, or thymidine, was accompanied by an enhanced DNA repair synthesis in response to the direct-acting carcinogen, methyl methanesulfonate, or UV irradiation. Three aminobenzamides differing only in the position of the amino group exhibited the same structure-activity relationship in regard to their action on DNA repair synthesis and ADP-ribosyltransferase. Spermine treatment of hepatocytes apparently had an inverse effect on both these cellular functions. The removal of DNA strand breaks following methyl methanesulfonate treatment was accelerated by inhibitors of ADP-ribosyltransferase. The results suggest that ADP-ribosylation interacts with late stages in the process of DNA repair. This interaction apparently is dependent on the nature of damage imposed on chromatin since repair synthesis in response to a number of carcinogens is unaffected by inhibitors of ADP-ribosyltransferase.