gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 4-methoxyphenoxyacetic and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxyacetic acid amides and hydrazides as potential neurotropic and cardiovascular agents (1987)

4-Methoxyphenoxyacetyl chloride, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxyacetic acid and its methyl ester were reacted with 2-phenylethylamine, 1-benzylpiperazine, 1-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine, 1-(1-phenyl-2-propyl)piperazine, isopropylhydrazine, 1-aminopiperidine, and 4-aminomorpholine and afforded the amides and hydrazides Iab-IVab and Vb-VIIIb . 1-Amino-4-methylpiperazine and 1-amino-4-phenylpiperazine were transformed to the hydrazones XV and XVI , and to the quaternary salts XVII and XVIII . Pharmacological screening showed indications of thymoleptic activity with compounds Ia-IIIa , anorectic effect with IIa and IIIb , antiarrhythmic activity with IIIa, XVII , and XVIII , and myorelaxant effect with XVII and XVIII . Antimicrobial and anthelmintic effects were also noted.
Acute dasatinib exposure commits Bcr-Abl–dependent cells to apoptosis (2009)

Pioneering work with the Bcr-Abl inhibitor, imatinib, demonstrated a requirement for constant Bcr-Abl inhibition to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), establishing a paradigm that has guided further drug development for this disease. Surprisingly, the second-generation Bcr-Abl inhibitor, dasatinib, was reported to be clinically effective with once-daily dosing, despite a short (3- to 5-hour) plasma half-life. Consistent with this observation, dasatinib treatment of progenitor cells from chronic-phase CML patients for 4 hours, followed by washout, or continuously for 72 hours both resulted in an induction of apoptosis and a reduction in the number of clonogenic cells. Such acute treatments with clinically achievable dasatinib concentrations also irreversibly committed Bcr-Abl+ CML cell lines to apoptotic cell death. Potent transient Bcr-Abl inhibition using the alternative inhibitor, nilotinib, also resulted in cell death. These findings demonstrate that in vitro assays designed to model in vivo pharmacokinetics can predict clinical efficacy. Furthermore, they challenge the widely held notion that continuous target inhibition is required for optimal efficacy of kinase inhibitors.
Asymptotically optimum tests for decentralized sequential testing in continuous time (2008)

We propose an asymptotically optimum test for the problem of decentralized sequential hypothesis testing in continuous time, in the case where the sensors have full local memory and no feedback from the fusion center. According to our scheme, the sensors perform locally repeated SPRTs and communicate, asynchronously, their one-bit decisions to the fusion center. The fusion center in turn uses the received information to perform a centralized SPRT in order to make the final decision. The expected time for a decision of the proposed scheme differs from the optimum continuous-time centralized SPRT only by a constant. This fact suggests order-2 asymptotic optimality of our test as compared to existing schemes that are optimal of order-1. Moreover, simulation experiments reveal that the performance of our scheme is significantly better than that of the discrete-time centralized SPRT.
Collective effects in SPEAR 3 (1999)

SSRL is investigating an upgrade to run SPEAR with a small emittance (18 nm) and with a 200-500 mA current, significantly greater than the present 100 mA value of SPEAR 2. Using experimental measurements, numerical calculations of impedance, and results from tracking code simulations, an impedance model for SPEAR 3 is calculated. Beam quality and instability thresholds for these results are predicted. Based on these calculations, choices made for RF cavities, vacuum chamber material and cross-section, and BPM design are also discussed. The estimated beam lifetime for 500 mA is 22 hours.
Economic Crunch (1997)

Abstract This chapter examines Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai's exposition of the economic burdens of his country at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference. Zhou exposed three major problems, including China's parlous grain-supply situation, the relationship of that problem to the urban population, and the country's external liabilities. His gloomy outline of China's economic condition ensured that the most important immediate result of the conference was to unleash a flurry of activity among senior economic officials.
ELECTRODE DESIGN OF VELOCITY MATCHED PHOTODETECTOR WITH CASCADED RESONANT STRUCTURE OPERATING (1998)

This paper presents an electrode design of a new photodetector operating at millimeter-wave range. By taking the advantages of narrow band operation, the proposed photodetector is designed to have cascaded resonant structure and a reflector to achieve high RF output. Resonators and reflector are realized by using one-fourth wavelength shorted stubs and an open stubs of coplanar waveguide, respectively. Velocity matching between optical waves and detected millimeter wave signals are performed by introducing an S-shaped meandering transmission line for the photocurrents.
Flow‐induced chain fracture of isolated linear macromolecules in solution (1986)

Abstract The recently developed elongational flow technique is applied to the examination of flow‐induced chain rupture of macromolecules in solution. For both closely monodisperse atactic polystyrene (a‐PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), the critical strain rate for extension ( \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon _c $\end{document} ) is found to depend upon molecular weight M as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon _c \simeq M^{ - 1.5} $\end{document} , consistent with ideal Zimm dynamics. When the chains are subjected to strain rates beyond \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon _f $\end{document} the scission products correspond closely to one‐half of the initial molecular weight. The critical fracture stress depends upon molecular weight as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon _f \simeq M^{ - 2} $\end{document} , enabling the prediction of the ultimate chain length which can be extended without fracture ( \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon _c = \dot \varepsilon _f $\end{document} ). For a‐PS this corresponds to M = 3 × 10 7 . These findings are well accounted for by Stokes' Law applied to an extended bead–rod model. The calculated flow‐induced force in the chain corresponds closely to the rupture force of a covalent backbone bond calculated from a modified Arrhenius rate equation. During the prefracture stage ( \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \varepsilon _f &gt; \dot \varepsilon &gt; \dot \varepsilon _c $\end{document} ) a‐PS shows anomalies in the flow‐induced birefringence, which suggest that the Phenyl side groups are becoming reoriented due to the progressive increase in free volume as the chemical backbone bonds stretch and the bond angles open.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cefepime in Patients with Various Degrees of Renal Function (2003)

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in 36 patients with different levels of renal function. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using samples obtained at steady state. Patients with creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) of >100 ml/min had more rapid clearance (CL) and a lower minimum concentration in serum (C(min)). C(min) in this group was found to be 3.3 +/- 3.6 mg/liter (mean and standard deviation), compared to 19.5 +/- 21.5 mg/liter in patients with a CL(CR) of between 60 and 100 ml/min (P = 0.025) and 14.0 +/- 11.5 mg/liter in patients with a CL(CR) of <60 ml/min (P = 0.009). Patient data were also analyzed by the nonparametric expectation maximization method and Bayesian forecasting. The median volume of distribution in the central compartment was 27.08 liters. CL and CL(CR) were highly correlated (P = 0.00033) according to the equation CL= 0.324 liters/h + (0.0551 x CL(CR)). The median rate constants from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment and from the peripheral compartment to the central compartment were 12.58 and 41.09 h(-1), respectively. The time-concentration profiles for 1,000 patients (CL(CR)s, 120, 60, and 30 ml/min) each receiving various dosing regimens were simulated by using Monte Carlo simulations. Standard dosing resulted in a C(min) that was greater than or equal to the MIC in more than 80% of the simulated profiles with MICs < or = 2 mg/liter. Current dosing recommendations may be suboptimal for monotherapy of infections due to less susceptible pathogens (e.g., those for which MICs are > or = 4 mg/liter), particularly when CL(CR) exceeds 120 ml/min.
Genetics of Human Female Infertility (2022)

Infertility is a genetically heterogeneous condition affecting about 10% of women of reproductive age. Genetic studies on animal models have identified thousands of candidate genes that are essential for gonadal development, germline cell differentiation, complex oocyte–granulosa intercellular signaling, gametogenesis, fertilization, and fetal development. A subset of these candidate genes derived from animal models has been found to cause ovarian dysfunction and infertility in humans.
Optimal stimulus parameters for minimum pain in the chronic stimulation of innervated muscle. (1975)

The degree of pain reported by ten volunteers upon electrical stimulation of their peroneal nerves was measured while stimulus parameters were varied. The responses were compared for stimulations, all of which produced the same amount of ankle torque. The stimulation parameters examined were pulse duration, 0.3 and 1.0 msec; repetition frequence, 20, 50 and 100 hertz; pulse shape, square wave and exponential wave; impedance of stimulator output, constant voltage and constant current; direct current bias, positive or negative to the stimulus; and wave phase, uniphasic and biphasic. Pulse duration of 0.3 msec and constant voltage output were the only two parameters significantly associated with minimum pain response. Analysis of voltage and current wave forms for the different stimulus parameters indicated that the sensation of pain was dependent upon the total amount of electrical charge delivered to the tissue with the pulse.
Adaptive context for generic pattern matching in ad hoc social networks (2008)

Efficient pattern matching algorithms in ad hoc networks can have significant benefits in generating real-time context and eliminate the need for a centralized arbiter. In our paper we demonstrate a generic and customizable architecture for achieving efficient pattern matching in mobile ad hoc networks. A major limitation of current ad hoc matching algorithms is that they are tailored for a specific design scenario and are unable to adapt to new scenarios. In this paper we present a novel architecture for the development of an ad hoc generic matching engine which is customizable to varying scenarios through a web service. We show how customizable semantics can play an important role in decision making, selection of a desired attribute and notifying a message in a volatile network. We also show how our system is adaptable to various scenarios, and focus on social interaction to verify our results.
Synthesis and Properties of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method to Removal Procion Dye (2013)

Fe 3 O 4 (magnetite) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of as-prepared were characterized by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The result of XRD characterization was indicated Fe 3 O 4 as the product. SEM and TEM image of the Fe 3 O 4 showed nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 have the mean diameter 5-20 nm. The EDS spectra showed strong peaks of Fe and O. Magnetic characteristic of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was indicated super paramagnetic properties. The saturation magnetic was 89.46 emu g -1 . Therefore, the nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 is suitable to remove dye in the water by a simple magnetic separation process. The optimum adsorption occurred at initial concentration of procion dye 100 mg L -1 , pH solution 6, dosage of Fe 3 O 4 0.8 g L -1 and contact time 30 minutes under room temperature with color removal 24.40 % and adsorption capacity was 30.503 mg g -1 .
Design of Parabolic Cylinder Reflector Systems with Low Sidelobes (1977)

We have determined and synthesized the feed distribution which must be used to illuminate an Offset Parabolic Cylinder in order to obtain a secondary radiation pattern with -50 dB sidelobes. (Author)
Mechanics of morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling in soft materials: a review (2012)

Morphological instabilities and surface wrinkling of soft materials such as gels and biological tissues are of growing interest to a number of academic disciplines including soft lithography, metrology, flexible electronics, and biomedical engineering. In this paper, we review some of the recent progresses in experimental and theoretical investigations of instabilities that lead to the emergence and evolution of surface wrinkling, folding and creasing under various geometrical constraints (e.g., thin films, sheets, fibers, particles, tubes, cavities, vesicles and capsules) and loading stimuli (e.g., mechanical forces, growth, atrophy, swelling, shrinkage, van der Waals interactions). Some representative theoretical and numerical approaches aimed at modelling the onset of instabilities as well as the postbuckling evolution involving multiple bifurcations and symmetry-breakings are discussed along with the main characteristics and some possible applications of this rich phenomenon.
Responsiveness of a simple RAPID-3-like index compared to disease-specific BASDAI and ASDAS indices in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (2016)

International audience
A Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex with Adeninate Bridge Ligands and Prominent DNA Cleavage Activity. Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization and Magnetic Properties (2007)

A new dinuclear copper(II) complex has been synthesized and structurally characterized: [Cu(mu-ade)(tolSO3)(phen)]2.2H2O (Hade = adenine, tolSO3- = toluenesulfonate anion). Its magnetic properties and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra have been studied in detail. The compound has two metal centers bridged by two adeninate NCN groups. The coordination geometry of the copper(II) ions in the dinuclear entity is distorted square pyramidal, with the four equatorial positions occupied by two phenanthroline N atoms and two N atoms from different adenine molecules. The axial position is occupied by one sulfonate O atom. Magnetic susceptibility data show antiferromagnetic behavior with an estimated exchange constant of -2J = 65 cm-1. The EPR spectrum has been obtained at both X- and Q-band frequencies; a study at different temperatures has been carried out at the latter. Above 20 K, the Q-band spectra are characteristic of S = 1 species with a small zero-field splitting parameter (D = 0.0970 cm-1). A detailed study of the DNA-complex interaction has been performed. The title complex efficiently cleaves the pUC18 plasmid in the presence of reducing agents. Both the kinetics and the mechanism of the cleavage reaction are examined and described herein.
Efficient and Selective Pt/C-Catalyzed H–D Exchange Reaction of Aromatic Rings (2008)

Abstract An effective and applicable deuteration method for aromatic rings using Pt/C–D2O–H2 system was established. Especially, phenol was fully deuterated even at room temperature, and other electron-rich aromatic nuclei were efficiently deuterated under mild conditions. The scope and limitations of the presence method and its application to the synthesis of deuterium-labeled biologically active compounds and deuterium-labeled building blocks for practical multi-gram scale syntheses are reported.
SURGICAL BIOCOMPOSITES WITH CHITOSAN (2009)

Reported are investigations in the formulation and preparation method of hydroxyapatite composites in form of glue, sponge and shaped products. Osteosynthesis ability, mechanical properties susceptiblity to biodegradation and biocompatibility of the prepared materials were assessed. It was found that, based on chitosan and hydroxyapatite, a material can be prepared with good gluing properties. Crucial is the useful form of chitosan and its physical- chemical properties like pH, polymer content and viscosity. 3 days from the application of the glue are required to complete osteosynthesiss both for porous and smooth bones which, a time acceptable in surgery for the fusion of bones. The glue joints in form of a film undergo enzymatic degradation in the presence of lysozyme. After 28 days action of the enzyme at a concentration of 200 mg/ cm3, the mass loss of the glue was about. 21%. From the compressed chitosan hydrroxyapatite sponge, elastic shaped products can be prepared presenting the potential use as defect fillers in maxillofacial surgery.
Flipperons for Improved Aerodynamic Performance (2008)

Lightweight, piezoelectrically actuated bending flight-control surfaces have shown promise as means of actively controlling airflows to improve the performances of transport airplanes. These bending flight-control surfaces are called flipperons because they look somewhat like small ailerons, but, unlike ailerons, are operated in an oscillatory mode reminiscent of the actions of biological flippers. The underlying concept of using flipperons and other flipperlike actuators to impart desired characteristics to flows is not new. Moreover, elements of flipperon-based active flow-control (AFC) systems for aircraft had been developed previously, but it was not until the development reported here that the elements have been integrated into a complete, controllable prototype AFC system for wind-tunnel testing to enable evaluation of the benefits of AFC for aircraft. The piezoelectric actuator materials chosen for use in the flipperons are single- crystal solid solutions of lead zinc niobate and lead titanate, denoted generically by the empirical formula (1-x)[Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O3]:x[PbTiO3] (where x&lt;1) and popularly denoted by the abbreviation PZN-PT. These are relatively newly recognized piezoelectric materials that are capable of strain levels exceeding 1 percent and strain-energy densities 5 times greater than those of previously commercially available piezoelectric materials. Despite their high performance levels, (1-x)[Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O3]:x[PbTiO3] materials have found limited use until now because, relative to previously commercially available piezoelectric materials, they tend to be much more fragile.
Clonally expanded γδ T cells protect against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfection (2018)

The mechanisms that mediate durable protection against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfections are unclear, as recurrences are common despite high antibody titers and memory T cells. Here, we developed a mouse model of S. aureus skin reinfection to investigate protective memory responses. In contrast with WT mice, IL-1β-deficient mice exhibited poor neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance during primary infection that was rescued during secondary S. aureus challenge. The γδ T cells from skin-draining LNs utilized compensatory T cell-intrinsic TLR2/MyD88 signaling to mediate rescue by trafficking and producing TNF and IFN-γ, which restored neutrophil recruitment and promoted bacterial clearance. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the LNs revealed a clonotypic S. aureus-induced γδ T cell expansion with a complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) aa sequence identical to that of invariant Vγ5+ dendritic epidermal T cells. However, this T cell receptor γ (TRG) aa sequence of the dominant CDR3 sequence was generated from multiple gene rearrangements of TRGV5 and TRGV6, indicating clonotypic expansion. TNF- and IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells were also expanded in peripheral blood of IRAK4-deficient humans no longer predisposed to S. aureus skin infections. Thus, clonally expanded γδ T cells represent a mechanism for long-lasting immunity against recurrent S. aureus skin infections.
DIETARY FIBER GUAR GUM EXACERBATES COLONIC INFLAMMATION IN MULTIPLE EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (2021)

Abstract The role of fermentable dietary fibers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not understood. Herein, we elucidated the effect of dietary fiber guar gum, commonly added to a wide range of processed foods, on colonic inflammation. The use of three different IBD models allowed us to examine the effect of guar gum on various aspects of human IBD, such as immune hyperactivity [IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) neutralization], epithelial injury [dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)], and infection [Citrobacter rodentium (CR)]-mediated inflammation. Wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) mice fed either control cellulose (insoluble fiber, aka non-fermentable fiber) or guar gum (soluble fiber, aka fermentable fiber, 7.5% w/w) were administered four weekly injections of IL-10R neutralizing antibody (α-IL-10R) to induce immune-hyperactivation mediated chronic colitis. Guar gum treated mice developed robust α-IL-10R mediated colitis. Guar gum fed mice had splenomegaly, colomegaly, elevated systemic proinflammatory markers [serum amyloid A (SAA), lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)] and elevated colonic Lcn2 and interleukin (IL)-1β, and histopathology scores compared to control, cellulose-fed, mice. Similar results were observed in Toll-like receptor 5 deficient mice, which are prone to develop microbiota-dependent colitis. Next, to examine the effect of guar gum on the epithelial injury model, mice were treated with DSS (1.4% w/v in drinking water) for seven days. The guar gum fed group developed severe colitis, including reduced body weight, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, shortening of colon length, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers (Lcn2, KC, and SAA)compared to the control group. The last model to be tested was infection-induced colitis. Since inflammation is required to clear the infection, we hypothesized that guar gum fed mice might clear CR infection better than controls. To our surprise, guar gum fed WT mice shed higher numbers of CR in the feces than the cellulose group. The guar gum fed mice had lower body weights, colomegaly, an elevated level of colonic and serum Lcn2, and higher serum SAA than the control group. Collectively, guar gum failed to protect against CR-induced colonic pathology. Altogether, the work demonstrates that guar gum feeding may exacerbate colonic inflammation following immune-hyperactivation, chemical, and infectious injury. Cautioning IBD patients to monitor their consumption of guar gum fiber might be a way to reduce the severity of intestinal inflammation.