gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error detection for chemical plant automation logic using supervisory control theory (2015)

In this paper a method for detecting errors in the discrete logic of hybrid systems is applied to chemical plant automation systems. The method relies on the application of supervisory control theory to a discrete abstraction of the hybrid system that models the plant and controller. A set of general operability requirements are also presented that can be applied to any automation system to detect common operability problems. A small example is included to demonstrate the method and its application.
Estradiol prevents increased cortical AQP2 expression and urine osmolality in rats subjected to ovariectomy for 7 days (2012)

Female sex hormones are suggested to be involved in the regulation of renal water handling. We hypothesized that changed in renal water handling in response ovariectomy (OVX) is associated with dysregulation of renal AQP2 and can be improved with estradiol or progesterone treatment. Rats were subjected to OVX for 7 and 14 days and treated with estradiol (25 μg/kg/day) or progesterone (10 mg/kg/day) and the expression of AQP2 were examined in the inner medulla (IM) or cortex by semiquantitative immunoblotting. Ovariectomy is associated with decreased serum estradiol and progesterone levels. Rat subjected to 7 and 14 days OVX had increased bodyweight (BW) and food intake which was normalized by estradiol treatment, whereas progesterone had no effect. Decreased urine output and increased urine osmolality after 2 and 7 days OVX were prevented by both estradiol and progesterone treatment. There was no change after 14dOVX. AQP2 and phospho‐Ser256‐AQP2 (pAQP2) protein level were increased in cortex from OVX rats at day 7 and this was prevented by estradiol administration whereas progesterone did not change AQP2. No change in AQP2 and pAQP2 were observed after 14dOVX. In conclusion, estradiol prevents dysregulation of cortical AQP2 and increased urine concentration in rats subjected to OVX for 7 days.
Efficiency of piezoelectric mechanical vibration energy harvesting (2015)

Harvesting efficiency of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting system is investigated to provide design guidelines for harvesting devices with optimal performance. Harvesting power efficiency (η), defined as the ratio of device output power (Pout) to mechanical input power (Pin), is an essential but unexplored metric for comparison of harvesters operating in different power-input environments. Power extracted from piezoelectric harvesters has been of primary interest and proper accounting of mechanical input power and efficiency metrics has not been considered. Here, we present a closed form solution for harvesting efficiency that allows device comparison and furthermore, efficiency-optimized versus power-optimized electrical loading conditions are compared along with a case study. A key finding is that optimal design parameters for efficiency are quite different than optima for output power (e.g., a single optimum versus dual optima at different frequencies), requiring multi-objective design. These new findings provide guidelines on system parameters that can be manipulated for optimized performance in different ambient source conditions.
On asymptotic convergence of the dual filters associated with two families of biorthogonal wavelets (1997)

The asymptotic behavior of the dual filters associated with biorthogonal spline wavelet (BSW) systems and general biorthogonal Coifman wavelet (GBCW) systems are studied. As the order of the wavelet systems approaches infinity, the magnitude responses of the dual filters in the BSW systems either diverge or converge to some nonideal frequency responses. However, the synthesis filters in the GBCW systems converge to an ideal halfband lowpass filter without exhibiting any Gibbs-like phenomenon, and a subclass of the analysis filters also converge to an ideal halfband lowpass filter but with a one-sided Gibbs-like behavior. The two approximations of the ideal lowpass filter by the filter associated with a Daubechies orthonormal wavelet and by the synthesis filter in a GBCW system of the same order are compared. Such a study of the asymptotic behaviors of wavelet systems provides insightful characterization of these systems and systematic assessment and global comparison of different wavelet systems.
Neural caption generation over figures (2019)

Figures are human-friendly but difficult for computers to process automatically. In this work, we investigate the problem of figure captioning. The goal is to automatically generate a natural language description of a given figure. We create a new dataset for figure captioning, FigCAP. To achieve accurate generation of labels in figures, we propose the Label Maps Attention Model. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms the baselines. A successful solution to this task allows figure content to be accessible to those with visual impairment by providing input to a text-to-speech system; and enables automatic parsing of vast repositories of documents where figures are pervasive.
Blood-Group ABH-Specific Macroglycolipids of Human Erythrocytes: Isolation in High Yield from a Crude Membrane Glycoprotein Fraction (1978)

Highly glycosylated, water-soluble ABH-specific sphingolipids, designated macroglycolipids, were isolated in high yield, up to 5 mg per unit of blood, from the crude human-erythrocyte-membrane glycoprotein fraction which is obtained by extraction of the membranes with chloroform/methanol/water. Both serological tests and radioactive labelling experiments indicated that these substances, rather than the glycoproteins, are the principal ABH-components in this fraction. The activities of A-specific, B-specific and H-specific macroglycolipids were very high, approximately 0.1 microgram inhibiting four hemagglutinating doses of the respective agglutinating reagents, and were thus comparable to those of secreted blood-group ABH-specific glycoproteins. The substances were stable to mild alkaline conditions. They contained fucose, galactose, glucosamine, glucose, sialic acid, sphingosine and fatty acids; blood-group-A-specific substances contained, in addition, galactosamine. No amino acids were detected. Assuming one glycosyl residue per molecule, the average number of sugars in A and B macroglycolipids was 31, and their molecular weights approximately 6100. The presence of beta-D-galactosidase-labile and sialic acid residues indicated that these substances contain nonreducing termini additional to the ABH immunodeterminants. In the B macroglycolipid, the ratio between nonreducing terminal alpha-D-galactopyranosyl and beta-D-galactopyranosyl residues was 1.7:1.0. The macroglycolipids formed clear aqueous solutions at concentrations as high as 30 mg/ml, were insoluble in 60--70% aqueous ethanol, and did not migrate on thin-layer chromatography unless they were acetylated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate showed the macroglycolipids to be a heterogeneous mixture migrating throughout most of the region in which the periodic acid/Schiff-positive membrane glycoproteins are found. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is concluded that macroglycolipids are the predominant ABH-specific component in human erythrocyte membranes, and that they most likely account for previous observations of ABH activity in membrane glycoprotein fractions.
Single-cell genome-wide concurrent haplotyping and copy-number profiling through genotyping-by-sequencing (2022)

Single-cell whole-genome haplotyping allows simultaneous detection of haplotypes associated with monogenic diseases, chromosome copy-numbering and subsequently, has revealed mosaicism in embryos and embryonic stem cells. Methods, such as karyomapping and haplarithmisis, were deployed as a generic and genome-wide approach for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and are replacing traditional PGT methods. While current methods primarily rely on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we envision sequencing-based methods to become more accessible and cost-efficient. Here, we developed a novel sequencing-based methodology to haplotype and copy-number profile single cells. Following DNA amplification, genomic size and complexity is reduced through restriction enzyme digestion and DNA is genotyped through sequencing. This single-cell genotyping-by-sequencing (scGBS) is the input for haplarithmisis, an algorithm we previously developed for SNP array-based single-cell haplotyping. We established technical parameters and developed an analysis pipeline enabling accurate concurrent haplotyping and copy-number profiling of single cells. We demonstrate its value in human blastomere and trophectoderm samples as application for PGT for monogenic disorders. Furthermore, we demonstrate the method to work in other species through analyzing blastomeres of bovine embryos. Our scGBS method opens up the path for single-cell haplotyping of any species with diploid genomes and could make its way into the clinic as a PGT application.
QS33. Long-term Prospective Safety and Efficacy of Vascularized Lymph Node Transplant (VLNT) (2022)

Purpose: Despite the increasing popularity of vascularized lymph node transplant (VLNT), there is a lack of prospective long-term outcomes data and standardized outcome metrics, specifically following Vascularized Omentum Lymphatic Transplant (VOLT). The purpose of this IRB-approved prospective study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of VLNT using a comprehensive set of outcome measures. Methods: All patients underwent VLNT at our institution between November 2014 and July 2020. Demographic data, volume measurements, bio-impedance scores, Quality of Life scores, and cellulitis episodes were recorded. Results: A total of 89 patients with a mean follow-up time of 23.7±12 months were included. Donor sites consisted of the omentum (73%), axilla (13%), supraclavicular (7%), groin (3.5%), and others. 20% decrease (p=0.0239) in volume differential, and 27.5% decrease (p=0.0398) in L-DEX scores were recorded 2 years after VLNT. A significant improvement in Lymphedema Life Impact Scale (LLIS) scores manifested as a 28.4% decrease (p=0.0398) was recorded 2 years after treatment. In addition, VLNT dramatically decreased the total number of cellulitis episodes by 93% (p=0.0008) 1 year after treatment as well as the average number of episodes per year (84.5% decrease, p=0.0002). No cases of donor site lymphedema were recorded (0%). Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated a satisfactory reduction in limb volume, bioimpedance, and improved quality of life. This is the largest long-term prospective study of VOLTs in comparison to most studies evaluating peripheral VLNT. VOLT is a reliable alternative to peripheral VLNT with no risk of donor site lymphedema and a particularly significant impact in reducing the incidence of cellulitis.
On the Frequency Limits of SiGe HBTs for TeraHertz Applications (2007)

We report record <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f<sub>max</sub></i> for a silicon-based transistor, and the first combined set of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f<sub>T</sub></i> + <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f<sub>max</sub></i> above one-terahertz for silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs). Peak <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f<sub>max</sub></i> of 618 GHz and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f<sub>T</sub></i> of 463 GHz at 4.5 K (chuck temperature) were measured for a scaled 0.12 times 2.5 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μm<sup>2</sup>2</i> SiGe HBT (343 / 309 GHz at 300 K), at a breakdown voltage BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> of 1.62 V (1.70 at 300 K), yielding a record <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f<sub>T</sub></i> × BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</sub> product of 750GHz-V (510 GHz-V at 300 K). An examination of base transport in these devices at low temperatures suggests non-equilibrium effects are operative.
Computer Aided Manufacturability Analysis Closing the CAD-CAM Knowledge Gap (2008)

Due to rising demands in efficiency of design and manufacturing of industrial products, collaboration and exchange between designers and process planners is a permanent challenge. In an industrial survey carried out as part of this research, all participants emphasized the lack of collaboration and cooperation between designers and process planners. Although evolving CAD, CAM, CAPP and PLM tools provide the backbone for such cooperation and collaboration, additional structured supporting tools and processes are still required. This paper presents a holistic approach and supporting software tools for closing the knowledge gap and capitalizing on available manufacturability knowledge. Two complementary tools have been developed and implemented to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of product and process design. The first is CAMA (Computer Aided Manufacturability Analysis), a system for capturing available “know how” and providing designers easy and effective insight regarding the manufacturability of their design. The system has been designed to facilitate upstream manufacturability validation and identification of areas of a design that are difficult, expensive or impossible to machine. The second tool is a process plan evaluator expert system tool capable of evaluating alternative process plans. The insight enabled by the evaluation is then also fed back to the designer and to CAMA, thus further initiating organizational learning.
ChemInform Abstract: New Classes of Fluorinated L‐Nucleosides; Synthesis and Antiviral Activity (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐HYDRAZINO‐ UND 7‐AZIDO‐3‐PHENYL‐PYRIDAZINO(6,1‐C)TRIAZIN (1970)

Abstract Beim Erhitzen von (I) mit Hydrazinhydrat in Äthanol entsteht nicht wie bisher beschrieben die Verbindung (III), sondern wie die Untersuchung der NMR‐Spektren zeigte, die Verbindung (II).
Substituent Effects on Crosslike Packing of 2′,7′‐Diaryl‐ spiro(cyclopropane‐1,9′‐fluorene) Derivatives: Synthesis and Crystallographic, Optical, and Thermal Properties (2007)

Abstract A series of 2′,7′‐diarylspiro(cyclopropane‐1,9′‐fluorene) derivatives are efficiently synthesized and characterized to determine the reason for the “green‐light” emission of these compounds. These compounds exhibit bright‐violet to blue photoluminescence (PL) (λ PL max = 353–419 nm) with excellent PL quantum efficiencies (Φ PL = 83–100 %) in solution and show high thermal stabilities ( T d = 267–474 °C). The variation of the optical properties of these molecules in the solid state depends on the different stacking modes of these compounds containing different substituents, which are revealed by crystallographic analysis. CH…π hydrogen bonds instead of intermolecular π–π interactions act as the driving force between adjacent fluorenes, even though a very small dialkyl group (cyclopropane) is introduced at the C‐9 position of fluorene. The crosslike molecular stacking efficiently reduces the energy transfer between the herring‐like aggregates and therefore results in the absence of a “green‐light” emission tail. In order to determine the cause of the “green‐light” emission tails, the fluorescence spectra of the films annealed in N 2 or in air are recorded. Broad green‐light emission tails were observed for the films annealed in air, which might be caused by fluorenone defects generated during processing or during the course of the photophysical analysis by reaction with residual oxygen.
Ginsenosides Inhibit HMGB1-induced Inflammatory Responses in HUVECs and in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis (2014)

Asian ginseng is used as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases, ischemia, and cancers. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acts as a late mediator of severe vascular inflammatory conditions. However, the effect of ginsenosides from Asian ginseng on HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses has not been studied. We addressed this question by monitoring the effects of ginsenoside treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1, and HMGB1-mediated regulation of proinflammatory responses. Ginsenoside treatment suppressed LPS-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements. Ginsenosides also inhibited HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, ginsenosides inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and activation of protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor-B (NF-B), and extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 by HMGB1. Ginsenosides also decreased CLP-induced release of HMGB1, production of interleukin (IL) 1/6, and mortality. These results suggested that ginsenosides may be potential therapeutic agents for treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases through inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.
A novel species of double stranded RNA in mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)

A double stranded RNA species has been detected in guanidine hydrochloride extracts of mitochondria from respiratory competent cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This novel mitochondrial RNA, termed mtdsRNA, has been purified in a Cs2SO4 density gradient where it bands at a density of 1.58 g/ml. The mtdsRNA runs as a single slow moving band on agarose gels. Its double stranded RNA character was evidenced by its sensitivity to digestion by RNase III, but not by RNase H, or DNase I. Moreover the mtdsRNA hybridized to each separated strand of a petite mtDNA. It is concluded that mtdsRNA contains long transcripts derived from most regions of yeast mtDNA, because 1) its weight-average length as determined by electron microscopy was 4.5 micrometer (about 14 kb, or 20% of the wild type mtDNA genome), and 2) it hybridized to each of a series of eight petite mtDNA probes carrying sequences derived from widely different segments of mtDNA. It is proposed that prolonged transcription of both strands of yeast mtDNA can occur and that mtdsRNA arises from hybridization of these long complementary transcripts.
The Survival of Limit Dextrinase during Fermentation in the Production of Scotch Whisky (2001)

Limit dextrinase, is an important enzyme in the hydrolysis of starch from cereals to fermentable sugars. Work is described which demonstrates the importance of this enzyme in the production of Scotch whisky. The study considers the occurrence, survival and action of limit dextrinase (total and free) during fermentation in malt and grain distilleries. The results of both laboratory and distillery studies revealed that limit dextrinase can survive the conditions encountered during mashing and is not only present in the fermenter but its activity can increase during fermentation. This observation has important implications for the production of Scotch whisky, since the fermentation substrate (wash) is not boiled, the enzyme is therefore available to degrade dextrins into fermentable sugars, and can potentially increase the yield of alcohol.
The dissolution of metals in amorphous chalcogenides and the effects of electron and ultraviolet radiation (1987)

The modification to the structure and microstructure of chalcogenide films in contact with metals has been determined by electron microscopy and diffraction and the distribution of metal through these films has been determined by Auger electron spectroscopy. Chemical changes that occur when metal films are in contact with chalcogenides have been examined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy. Diffusion of metals into chalcogenides upon ultraviolet and electron irradiation has been examined using electron optical techniques. Extensive diffusion occurs when copper or silver is in contact with chalcogenides. Silver and copper chalcogenides are formed. The resulting concentration profile of these metals through chalcogenide films can be qualitatively explained by the existence of two diffusion mechanisms, a fast interstitial mechanism and a slow substitutional mechanism. A study of the sensitivity of amorphous chalcogenide films and amorphous chalcogenide/silver films to electron beams of varying intensity has shown that the structural and composition changes that occur in the irradiated area depend on the particular chalcogenide, whether the film is supported by a substrate and the thermal conductivity of the substrate. These studies have demonstrated the high resolution attained in patterns written by electron beams and possible electron lithographic applications. The sensitivity of chalcogenide/silver films to ultraviolet radiation has also been demonstrated. This phenomenon is associated with breaking of the silver-chalcogen bond in the silver chalcogenide surface film.
On the Convergence of A Class of Adam-Type Algorithms for Non-Convex Optimization (2018)

This paper studies a class of adaptive gradient based momentum algorithms that update the search directions and learning rates simultaneously using past gradients. This class, which we refer to as the "Adam-type", includes the popular algorithms such as the Adam, AMSGrad and AdaGrad. Despite their popularity in training deep neural networks, the convergence of these algorithms for solving nonconvex problems remains an open question. This paper provides a set of mild sufficient conditions that guarantee the convergence for the Adam-type methods. We prove that under our derived conditions, these methods can achieve the convergence rate of order $O(\log{T}/\sqrt{T})$ for nonconvex stochastic optimization. We show the conditions are essential in the sense that violating them may make the algorithm diverge. Moreover, we propose and analyze a class of (deterministic) incremental adaptive gradient algorithms, which has the same $O(\log{T}/\sqrt{T})$ convergence rate. Our study could also be extended to a broader class of adaptive gradient methods in machine learning and optimization.
Genetic analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that NF1 limits myeloid cell growth through p21ras (1994)

Children with neurofibromatosis, type 1 (NF-1) are at increased risk of developing malignant myeloid disorders and their bone marrows frequently show loss of the normal allele of the NF1 tumor-suppressor gene. NF1 encodes a protein called neurofibromin, which accelerates guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis on the p21ras (Ras) family of signaling proteins. We used a genetic approach to test the hypothesis that NF1 negatively regulates myeloid cell growth through its effect on Ras. This model predicts that, if RAS mutations and loss of NF1 function deregulate myeloid growth by the same biomechanical mechanism, then activating RAS mutations will be restricted to children with malignant myeloid disorders who do not have NF-1. We studied 71 children, including 28 with bone marrow monosomy 7 syndrome (Mo7), 35with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML), three with other forms of preleukemia, and five with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), for activating mutations of KRAS and NRAS. The incidence of RAS mutations was 21% (12 of 55) in patients without NF-1 and 0% (zero of 16) in children with NF-1 (P = .04). Among the 55 patients who did not have NF-1, we found RAS mutations in four of 27 with Mo 7, in five of 24 with JCML, in two of 3 with AML, and in a patient with myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS). These data from primary human cancer cells provide strong genetic evidence that NF1 limits the growth of myeloid cells by regulating Ras.