gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the unfolding of ribonuclease A in aqueous methanol solvents (1987)

The effect of methanol on the thermal denaturation of ribonuclease A has been investigated over the -40 to 70 degrees C range. The transition was fully reversible to at least 60% (v/v) methanol at an apparent pH of cryosolvent (pH) of 3.0 and was examined at methanol concentrations as high as 80%. The unfolding transition, as monitored by absorbance change at 286 nm, became progressively broader and occurred at increasingly lower temperatures as the alcohol concentration increased. In 50% methanol, increasing the pH from 2 to 6 shifted the transition to higher temperature. A substantial decrease in cooperativity was noted at the more acidic conditions. On the other hand, increasing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride in 50% methanol caused the transition to shift to lower temperatures with little effect on the cooperativity. The observed effects on the cooperativity of the unfolding transition suggest that methanol and lower temperatures may increase the concentration of partially folded intermediate states in the unfolding of ribonuclease. Comparison of the transition in 50% methanol as determined by absorbance or fluorescence, which monitor the degree of exposure of buried tyrosines and hence the tertiary structure, to that determined by far-UV circular dichroism, which monitors secondary structure, indicated that the major unfolding transition occurred at a higher temperature in the latter case. Thus, the tertiary structure is lost at a lower temperature than the secondary structure. This observation is consistent with a model of protein folding in which initially formed regions of secondary structure pack together, predominantly by hydrophobic interactions, to give the tertiary structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assessment of RF human exposure to LTE small-and macro-cells: UL case (2017)

Small cells, novel low-powered base stations with local range, are nowadays investigated in order to improve the radio coverage and capacity in macro cell layer. The radio frequency exposure induced in such cells is unknown. Hence, we assess in this paper, through experimental measurements, the impact of an LTE small cell cluster on the radio frequency exposure induced by a mobile handset. With respect to macro cells, we show that the deployment of small cells provides better radio coverage in terms of throughput while minimizing the radio frequency exposure induced by the mobile handset.
Concept-Based Video Retrieval (2007)

Concept-Based Video Retrieval reviews 300 references on video retrieval, indicating when the text-only solutions of present-day video search engines are unsatisfactory and showing the promising alternatives which are primarily concept-based. Central to the discussion, therefore, is the fundamental notion of a semantic concept: an objective linguistic description of an observable entity. The book aims to motivate and explain how automated detection, selection under uncertainty, and interactive usage might solve the major scientific problems for video retrieval: the semantic gap. In striving to bridge this gap, the authors structured their review by laying down the anatomy of a concept-based video search engine. They present a component-wise decomposition and evaluation of such an interdisciplinary multimedia system, covering influences from information retrieval, computer vision, machine learning, and human-computer interaction. Concept-Based Video Retrieval is aimed primarily at researchers and developers in the broad area of information retrieval. It will also be an invaluable reference for students in computer and information science at the (post)graduate level, as well as industrial practitioners
Silicon sensors with resistive read-out: Machine Learning techniques for ultimate spatial resolution (2022)

Resistive AC-coupled Silicon Detectors (RSDs) are based on the Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, characterized by a continuous gain layer, and by the innovative introduction of resistive read-out. Thanks to a novel electrode design aimed at maximizing signal sharing, RSD2, the second RSD production by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), achieves a position resolution on the whole pixel surface of about 8 $μm$ for 200-$μm$ pitch. RSD2 arrays have been tested using a Transient Current Technique setup equipped with a 16-channel digitizer, and results on spatial resolution have been obtained with machine learning algorithms.
Phase equilibria of Cu-In-Se. I. Stable states and nonequilibrium states of the In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}-Cu{sub 2}Se subsystem (2000)

For pt.II see ibid., vol.91, p.635-50, 2000. In three subsequent publications we report new results on the phase equilibria of Cu-In-Se, obtained by analysing more than 250 alloys with a variety of experimental methods. This part, part I, deals with the isopleth In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}-Cu{sub 2}Se obtained by analysing more than 70 alloys. The experimental results, including an isothermal section at 500 C that ranges from 0 to 45 at.% Cu and from 40 to 70 at.% Se, support the hypothesis that the In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}-Cu{sub 2}Se isopleth constitutes a ''quasibinary'' section. It includes 10 critical tie lines. Depending on the processing conditions, not only stable phases but also nonequilibrium phases were observed to form in this section. In particular, this holds true for the {alpha} phase (CuInSe{sub 2}), a semiconductor with promising properties for application in thin-film solar cells: By adequate heat treatment one can substantially broaden the compositional range of this technologically important phase. (orig.)
Electromagnetic films as lightweight actuators for active noise reduction (2006)

The increasing industrialization and markets across the globe do result in noise pollution that affects humans. In order to reduce the sound pressure level (SPL) of disturbing noise active noise control (also known as noise cancellation, active noise reduction (ANR) or anti-noise) is a good option. Herewith unwanted noise from a primary sound source can be reduced significantly by anti-noise generated from a secondary source: At present commercial active noise reduction systems are using moving-coil loudspeakers as actuators. These actuators need a quite large built-in volume and they are not lightweight. Therefore the industrial application of ANR in vehicles is limited. To reduce these difficulties the use of flat loudspeakers made of electromagnetic films seems to be a promising approach. It is a precondition for the use of such new technologies within an ANR- system to have a basic understanding of the dynamic systems behaviour and the sound transmission behaviour of such a lightweight active component: This paper describes the investigation of a flat panel speaker which is based on electrostatic loudspeaker technology. First of all the passive transmission properties have been measured in a test bed. The passive acoustic insulation has been analyzed and weak spots in the frequency response were discovered. Afterwards the flat panel speaker has been used as actuator in an ANR-System to support insulation at those frequencies. An adaptive filter (FxLMS) was adjusted to the panel and the reduction capabilities of a single-output system have been determined.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. XXX. NORRISH I TYPE CLEAVAGE OF 3‐DEHYDROGIBBERELLIN N A1, CONTRIBUTION OF THE RETROALDOL MECHANISM OF THE ALKALI CATALYZED GA1 EPIMERIZATION (1978)

Abstract Die Photolyse von Dehydro‐GA, (II) ‐ erhältlich durch Hydrierung des GA3‐ Derivates (I) [daneben das Keton (III)] ‐ liefert in einem Norrish ‐ I ‐ Prozeß den Secoaldehyd (IV); in Dioxan entsteht außerdem das Lösungsmitteladdukt (V).
‘High frequency’ quasiplanar GaInP/GaAs HBT with CBE selective collector contact regrowth (1993)

Quasiplanar GalnP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with selective regrowth of the collector contact are reported. Such devices have a planar surface topology which should allow large scale integration. The multilayer HBT structure and the selective regrown collector contact are realised by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). Cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of 30 and 25 GHz, respectively, have been obtained for devices with 2 × I5μm2 emitter-base junction area.
Plasmonic Enhancement or Energy Transfer? On the Luminescence of Gold‐, Silver‐, and Lanthanide‐Doped Silicate Glasses and Its Potential for Light‐Emitting Devices (2009)

Abstract With the technique of synchrotron X‐ray activation, molecule‐like, non‐plasmonic gold and silver particles in soda‐lime silicate glasses can be generated. The luminescence energy transfer between these species and lanthanide(III) ions is studied. As a result, a significant lanthanide luminescence enhancement by a factor of up to 250 under non‐resonant UV excitation is observed. The absence of a distinct gold and silver plasmon resonance absorption, respectively, the missing nanoparticle signals in previous SAXS and TEM experiments, the unaltered luminescence lifetime of the lanthanide ions compared to the non‐enhanced case, and an excitation maximum at 300–350 nm (equivalent to the absorption range of small noble metal particles) indicate unambiguously that the observed enhancement is due to a classical energy transfer between small noble metal particles and lanthanide ions, and not to a plasmonic field enhancement effect. It is proposed that very small, molecule‐like noble metal particles (such as dimers, trimers, and tetramers) first absorb the excitation light, undergo a singlet‐triplet intersystem crossing, and finally transfer the energy to an excited multiplet state of adjacent lanthanide(III) ions. X‐ray lithographic microstructuring and excitation with a commercial UV LED show the potential of the activated glass samples as bright light‐emitting devices with tunable emission colors.
Multi-Body Modelling and Simulation of Animal Locomotion (1993)

Multi-body models of musculoskeletal systems can be used to determine internal forces from measured external forces and movements ('inverse dynamics') and to perform simulations of movements using muscle forces or activations as input ('direct dynamics'). Examples of 'direct' simulations of movements in the horse are presented. With a model of the equine hindlimb, the function of the 'passive stay apparatus' could be explained. A model of the forelimb was used to determine force distributions in the digital flexor tendons, and to experiment with various methods to change the force distribution. Simulations of this type are valuable tools in basic research on functional anatomy and aetiology of injuries. An application with much future potential is the optimization of sports performances using simulation methods.
Use of reversing agents of P-glycoprotein to increase the systematic availability of macrocyclic lactones : a promising tool (2003)

International audience
Painting with Bob (2014)

Current digital painting tools are primarily targeted at professionals and are often overwhelmingly complex for use by novices. At the same time, simpler tools may not invoke the user creatively, or are limited to plain styles that lack visual sophistication. There are many people who are not art professionals, yet would like to partake in digital creative expression. Challenges and rewards for novices differ greatly from those for professionals. In this paper, we leverage existing works in Creativity and Creativity Support Tools (CST) to formulate design goals specifically for digital art creation tools for novices. We implemented these goals within a digital painting system, called Painting with Bob. We evaluate the efficacy of the design and our prototype with a user study, and we find that users are highly satisfied with the user experience, as well as the paintings created with our system.
An abrupt avalanche breakdown in GaAs/Ge heterojunctions (1975)

This paper reports the observation of hard reverse V-I characteristics and abrupt avalanche breakdown in nGaAs/pGe and pGaAs/Ge heterojunctions.
Iterative algorithm for subaperture stitching test with spherical interferometers (2006)

Recently we have proposed an iterative algorithm for subaperture stitching interferometry. It was referred to as the subaperture stitching and localization (SASL) algorithm. The limitation of the algorithm is that three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates are required, whereas the standard spherical interferometer can read out only the phase differences on the pixels. On the basis of the SASL algorithm, we propose an iterative algorithm for a spherical subaperture stitching test. It deals with data directly from the spherical interferometer. Unknown radii of best-fit spheres for a null test of subapertures are included in the optimization variables. The developed algorithm inherits the advantages of the SASL algorithm.
Neuraminidase A-Exposed Galactose Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm Formation during Colonization (2016)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nasopharynx. Herein we show that carbon availability is distinct between the nasopharynx and bloodstream of adult humans: glucose is absent from the nasopharynx, whereas galactose is abundant. We demonstrate that pneumococcal neuraminidase A (NanA), which cleaves terminal sialic acid residues from host glycoproteins, exposed galactose on the surface of septal epithelial cells, thereby increasing its availability during colonization. We observed that S. pneumoniae mutants deficient in NanA and β-galactosidase A (BgaA) failed to form biofilms in vivo despite normal biofilm-forming abilities in vitro Subsequently, we observed that glucose, sucrose, and fructose were inhibitory for biofilm formation, whereas galactose, lactose, and low concentrations of sialic acid were permissive. Together these findings suggested that the genes involved in biofilm formation were under some form of carbon catabolite repression (CCR), a regulatory network in which genes involved in the uptake and metabolism of less-preferred sugars are silenced during growth with preferred sugars. Supporting this notion, we observed that a mutant deficient in pyruvate oxidase, which converts pyruvate to acetyl-phosphate under non-CCR-inducing growth conditions, was unable to form biofilms. Subsequent comparative transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of planktonic and biofilm-grown pneumococci showed that metabolic pathways involving the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-phosphate and subsequently leading to fatty acid biosynthesis were consistently upregulated during diverse biofilm growth conditions. We conclude that carbon availability in the nasopharynx impacts pneumococcal biofilm formation in vivo Additionally, biofilm formation involves metabolic pathways not previously appreciated to play an important role.
Presacral retroperitoneal approach to axial lumbar interbody fusion: a new, minimally invasive technique at L5-S1: Clinical outcomes, complications, and fusion rates in 50 patients at 1-year follow-up (2010)

Our initial 50 patients who underwent presacral ALIF showed clinical improvement and fusion rates comparable with other interbody fusion techniques; its safety was reflected by low complication rates. Its efficacy in future patients will continue to be monitored, and will be reported in a 2-year follow-up study of fusion.
Understanding and Utilizing Deep Neural Networks Trained with Noisy Labels (2019)

Noisy labels are ubiquitous in real-world datasets, which poses a challenge for robustly training deep neural networks (DNNs) as DNNs usually have the high capacity to memorize the noisy labels. In this paper, we find that the test accuracy can be quantitatively characterized in terms of the noise ratio in datasets. In particular, the test accuracy is a quadratic function of the noise ratio in the case of symmetric noise, which explains the experimental findings previously published. Based on our analysis, we apply cross-validation to randomly split noisy datasets, which identifies most samples that have correct labels. Then we adopt the Co-teaching strategy which takes full advantage of the identified samples to train DNNs robustly against noisy labels. Compared with extensive state-of-the-art methods, our strategy consistently improves the generalization performance of DNNs under both synthetic and real-world training noise.
Selective Topochemical Photoreaction of Crystallized 2,3-Bis(2-phenylethenyl)-4,5-dicyanopyrazines (1999)

Abstract Topochemical photocycloaddition of morphologically isomeric yellow and orange crystals of bis(2-phenylethenyl)dicyanopyrazine 1 were conducted in solution, in the vapor deposited thin film and in the single crystals. Photoreaction of the yellow crystal gave syn head-to-tail dimer and its polymer, but the orange crystal did not react at all. The selective topochemical photocycloaddition of 1 was discussed based upon the lattice contraction and the dynamic movement of the molecular packing arrangements.
Mass Spectrometric Investigation of the Reaction Velocities of BCl3 and BBr3 with Oxygen and Water Vapor in a Diffusion Furnace (1976)

The velocities of the reactions of and with and were measured in a diffusion tube. The conditions (gas composition, gas velocity, temperature) were those commonly used in the open tube diffusion process. For the analysis the gaseous reaction products were sampled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer at different locations in the tube. The measurements indicate that with the reaction proceeds rapidly, but with very slowly. Therefore, with present in the gas mixture, large variations of the gas composition occur along the length of the tube. The time behavior of this reaction is described by its half‐life and its dependence on temperature and partial pressure.
Causes of Death in U.S. Special Operations Forces in the Global War on Terrorism (2007)

The majority of deaths on the modern battlefield are nonsurvivable. Improved methods of intravenous or intracavitary, noncompressible hemostasis combined with rapid evacuation to surgery may increase survival.
938. The reaction of sulphinyl chlorides with zinc (1957)

D. Barnard, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 4673 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570004673
Correlation between change in pulmonary function and suppression of reactive nitrogen species production following steroid treatment in COPD (2003)

These results suggest that RNS may be involved in the reversible component of inflammation in COPD that is suppressed by steroids. Further studies using specific inhibitors for RNS are needed to clarify their effects on the long term progression of COPD.
Comparison between protein repulsions by diblock PLA-PEO and albumin nanocoatings using OWLS (2016)

A previous investigation suggested that a surface bearing a rinsing-resistant depot (nanocoating) of albumin is more protein-repulsive than the same surface physically pegylated by a poly(D,L-lactic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer. To complement the study, Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy was used to compare the mass and the thickness of protein depots from different systems, namely albumin alone at different concentrations, a mixture of albumin + fibrinogen + γ-globulin at their physiological concentrations, and sheep serum. The same standard OWLS protocol was applied to compare data for bare sensor chips, for chips covered by an albumin nanocoating, and for chips physically pegylated using poly(D,L-lactic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers with different compositions and block lengths. The strategy and the conditions being rather different from those generally used to study pegylation-related antifouling properties; the literature was first reviewed critically. Then full coverage of sensor chips by albumin was demonstrated. The comparative study confirmed that albumin was more protein-repulsive than any of the diblock copolymers, irrespective of the protein system. Furthermore, it was found that pegylated surfaces were albumin-repulsive only when the concentration of the protein solution flowing over the surface was very low (0.1 g/L). It was not possible to correlate the copolymer data to PEO chain density, chain length and existence of brush. The in vitro repulsive activity of albumin was not affected by drying and rehydration, a feature of interest for storage of albumin-coated surfaces. All these observations confirmed our preliminary findings and showed that considering model proteins individually or in mixtures at concentrations far from physiological concentrations are not suitable to reflect the reality of full blood-surface interactions.
Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Interferon Beta-1b (1997)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of autoimmune thyroid disease associated with IFN-beta-1b treatment in patients with MS. Psoriasis has also been reported during interferon therapy for MS, and similar phenomena occur during interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Since some symptoms of thyroid dysfunction may be difficult to distinguish from typical MS-related symptoms, thyroid hormone levels should be checked when unexplained constitutional symptoms occur during IFN-beta-1b therapy.
Abstract 4974: Development of novel pyrimido-pyrazolo-quinolone derivative, IND-2 as multi-targeted inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer (2023)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. In PC, multiple molecular signaling networks are perturbed, so monotherapies are less effective, creating an urgent need to discover chemotherapeutic agents that target multiple tumor-promoting proteins simultaneously. Drug discovery research is increasingly embracing poly-pharmacology, in which one drug targets multiple oncogenic targets concurrently. We have identified a novel quinoline derivative, IND-2 (4-chloro-2-methylpyrimido[1″,2″:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolone), that has been shown to significantly inhibit the expression of several oncogenic and epigenetic targets in PC cells. It was observed that IND-2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of PC-3 and DU-145 with IC50 values of 3 µM and 3.5 µM, respectively. Furthermore, 5 and 10 µM of IND-2 produced morphological changes in PC-3 cells characteristic of apoptosis. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly after IND-2 was added to PC cells. Additionally, 5 and 10 µM of IND-2 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, IND-2 increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The PC-3 cells incubated with 5 µM of IND-2 showed a significant reduction in expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). These data convincingly show that IND-2 inhibits PC cells through apoptosis induction. It is interesting to note that IND-2 (2.5, 5 and 10 µM) also induces mitotic catastrophe in PC-3 cells. Wound healing assay and expression of several EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal) markers indicated significant anti-metastatic activity of IND-2. Target identification studies have demonstrated that IND-2 mimics etoposide (VP-16) and binds more specifically to Topoisomerase IIβ. In our preliminary studies, we found that IND-2 inhibits several oncogenic and epigenetic targets including Topoisomerase II-Hsp90 complex and LSD1/HDAC1 of the transcriptional corepressor CoREST complex. However, these targets need to be validated to understand IND-2's mechanism. Overall, IND-2 may lead to the development of more effective poly-targeted compounds for PC treatment. Citation Format: Swapnaa Balaji, Rabin Neupane, Chandrabose Karthikeyan, Jayachandra Babu Ramapuram, Amit K. Tiwari. Development of novel pyrimido-pyrazolo-quinolone derivative, IND-2 as multi-targeted inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4974.