gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Kinetics In A 200-m Front Crawl Maximal Swimming Effort (2010)

Oxygen uptake (VO2) assessment is of particular interest in training and performance diagnosis, as well as in swimming bioenergetics. However, studies of VO2 kinetics conducted in real swimming pool conditions are scarce mostly due to environmental and instrumental restrictions. PURPOSE: To describe the VO2 kinetics during a maximal 200m crawl effort, and to establish whether VO2peak is a good predictor of performance. METHODS: Seven crawl elite male swimmers (20.0±1.9 yrs, 76.4±6.0 kg and 185.6±6.2 cm) performed an all-out 200m crawl swim in a 25m pool. VO2 was measured using a telemetric portable gas analyzer connected to the swimmer by a low resistance respiratory snorkel and valve system. Gas exchange parameters were measured breath-by-breath and values averaged every 5 s. VO2 kinetics parameters were determined by nonlinear monoexponential fitting (the cardiodynamic phase was not considered). RESULTS: On-VO2 kinetics started by a sudden and exponential increase in VO2 at the onset of the effort. The mean value of the amplitude of VO2 fast component was 39.7±6.5 mL.kg-1.min-1. No on-VO2 slow component was observed. Figure 1 shows a sample VO2 curve, being observed that the swimmers were not able to maintain the higher values of VO2 till the end of the 200m effort. Off-VO2 kinetics showed the typical two-phase decrease in VO2. Mean VO2peak (70.3±5.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) was related with mean 200m velocity (1.43±0.03 m.s-1, r=0.90, p<0.01).Fig 1: On and off-VO2 kinetics of one swimmer during and after a 200-m maximal swim, being identified the amplitude, time delay and time constant of the fast component.CONCLUSION: Besides characterizing the VO2 on-kinetics of a 200m maximal swim, these results suggest that VO2peak is a good predictor of 200m crawl swimming performance, confirming the relevance of the aerobic contribution to energy demands in middle distance events. Supported by PTDC/DES/101224/2008.
Oxidation Kinetics of Ferrous Sulfate over Active Carbon (1999)

Catalyzed oxidation kinetics of dissolved Fe2+ ions to Fe3+ over active carbon in concentrated H2SO4−FeSO4 solutions was studied with isothermal and isobaric experiments carried out in a laboratory-scale pressurized autoclave. The experiments were performed at temperatures between 60 and 130 °C, and the pressure of oxygen (O2) was varied between 4 and 10 bar. The kinetic results revealed that the oxidation rate was enhanced by increasing the temperature and pressure and that the catalytic and noncatalytic oxidations proceed as parallel processes. A rate equation was obtained for the catalytic oxidation process, based on the assumption that the oxidation of Fe2+ with adsorbed oxygen is rate determining. The rate equation for the catalytic oxidation has the simplified form r = k‘ ‘cFecO0.5/(KO‘‘cO0.5 + 1) where cFe and cO are the concentrations of Fe2+ ions and dissolved oxygen, respectively, and k‘ ‘ and KO‘‘ are experimentally determined kinetic parameters. The total oxidation rate was simulated by including a previously determined rate equation for the noncatalytic oxidation into the global model, from which the kinetic parameters of the catalytic oxidation rate were determined. A comparison of the model fit with the experimental data revealed that the proposed rate equation is applicable for the prediction of the Fe2+ oxidation kinetics in acidic ferrous sulfate solutions.
Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibition upon human lymphocyte blastogenesis. (1976)

The biochemical mechanisms by which a genetically determined deficiency of adenosine deaminase leads to immunodeficiency are still poorly understood and prompted this study. We have examined the effects of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) upon the response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). Cells isolated from normal volunteers were incubated in microtiter plates in the presence of various inhibitors, and the incorporation of tritrated thymidine or leucine into macromolecular material was measured after 64 h. EHNA at a concentration of 0.3 muM, which inhibited 90% of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in a mononuclear preparation, impaired the incorporation of tritrated leucine into protein; 100 muM EHNA was the minimal concentration that inhibited thymidine uptake. The addition of 15 muM adenosine or 10 muM cyclic AMP to Con A-stimulated lymphocytes inhibited leucine uptake, while millimolar concentrations were required to inhibit thymidine uptake. Lower doses of adenosine and cyclic AMP stimulated thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of thymidine uptake observed with millimolar concentrations of adenosine was independent of the type of mitogen (pokeweed or Con A), the concentration of mitogen, or the medium used, but could be increased if the cells were cultured in a serum with reduced levels of adenosine deaminase. Washout experiments failed to demonstrate a critical period early in immune induction during which adenosine exerted its inhibitory effects. Noninhibitory doses of EHNA potentiated the effects of adenosine and cyclic AMP on leucine and thymidine uptake. EHNA at a concentration of 50 muM also potentiated the inhibitory effects on thymidine uptake of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, butyric acid, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol, but not theophylline. When mitogenesis was assayed by leucine incorporations, no synergy between EHNA and these compounds was apparent. Uridine relieved to some extent the inhibition of blastogenesis produced by adenosine and cyclic AMP, but not by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, norepinephreine, isoproterenol, or theophylline. Neither uridine alone nor uridine plus adenosine protected lymphocytes from the inhibitory effects of EHNA.
An Efficient Amphiphilic‐Type Triphenylamine‐Based Organic Hole Transport Material for High‐Performance and Ambient‐Stable Dopant‐Free Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells (2018)

A new set of simply structured triphenylamine-based small molecules are synthesized and evaluated as dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and bulk heterojunction inverted organic solar cells (BHJ IOSCs). Surprisingly, the new amphiphilic-type HTM-1 (with internal hydrophilic groups and peripheral hydrophobic alkyl tails) showed better compatibility and performance than the actual target molecule, that is, HTM-2 in PSCs and BHJ IOSCs. Importantly, the HTM-1-based dopant-free PSCs and BHJ IOSCs exhibited high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.45 % and 8.34 %, respectively. These performances are superior and comparable to those of standard HTMs Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene) and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate) in PSCs and BHJ IOSCs, respectively. The enhanced device performance of the HTM-1-based PSCs is ascribed to its strong affinity towards the perovskite, properly aligned energy levels with respect to the perovskite valence band, and excellent hole transporting behavior. In addition, the well-organized energy levels of the HTMs showed excellent compatibility in BHJ IOSCs. The new amphiphilic-type HTM-based photovoltaic devices also showed long-term air stability over 700 h. These promising results offer new and unexpected prospects for engineering the interface between the photoactive material and HTMs in PSCs and BHJ IOSCs.
Reported Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Food Animal Practice (1990)

A cross-sectional study was designed to determine 1) the extent to which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in the treatment of food animals, 2) demographic and practice factors that may influence their use, and 3) if withdrawal times for milk and slaughter are recommended.
Array index allocation under register constraints in DSP programs (1999)

Code optimization for digital signal processors (DSPs) has been identified as an important new topic in system-level design of embedded systems. Both DSP processors and algorithms show special characteristics usually not found in general-purpose computing. Since real-time constraints imposed on DSP algorithms demand for very high quality machine code, high-level language compilers for DSPs should take these characteristics into account. One important characteristic of DSP algorithms is the iterative pattern of references to array elements within loops. DSPs support efficient address computations for such array accesses by means of dedicated address generation units (AGUs). In this paper, we present a heuristic code optimization technique which, given an AGU with a fixed number of address registers, minimizes the number of instructions needed for address computations in loops.
A method to obtain crossing rate distribution from equispace-sampled signal (2003)

A measuring method for the crossing rate distribution characteristics of band-limited signal that is sampled at equal time spaces and coded to n/sub c/ bits is described. The measuring principle is to detect the time segment that a measured signal increases or decreases monotonously and to count independently the events that each measuring reference level becomes the lowest and highest levels in the segment, during a measuring time, and is to calculate the difference of occurrence number of two kinds of event at each reference level and to obtain the cumulative distribution of the difference. In the method, to obtain high accuracy, it is necessary that the measured signal is sampled over the several times of the maximum frequency component.
Gelation Characteristics of Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) Surimi Under Different Heating Conditions (2000)

ABSTRACT: Gelation properties of paddlefish surimi were investigated with different heating procedures. Without pre‐incubation, gel strength of paddlefish surimi increased as temperature increased from 40 to 60 °C. Pre‐incubation at 40 °C caused myosin degradation and reduced gel strength by 55% compared to the control. Pre‐incubation at 70 °C followed by cooking at 90 °C produced gels with maximum strength. Isothermal heating between 40 and 50 °C produced rheological transitions between 0 and 15 min. Beef plasma powder reduced myosin degradation and enhanced gelation of surimi incubated around 40 °C. These results indicated that the gel‐weakening phenomenon in paddlefish surimi was due to the degradation of myosin by some endogenous protease(s).
Transmission electron microscopy study of multiferroic (Bi1−xLax)FeO3–PbTiO3 with x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 (2007)

Microstructural features of the solid solution series of 0.45(Bi1−xLax) FeO3–0.55PbTiO3 with x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that substituting La for Bi leads to a rich variety of structural phenomena: the typical crystal structure changes gradually from tetragonal (T) to rhombohedral (R) with the increase of La content, all three samples have notable features of coexistence of T and R phases, and two remarkable superstructures, (1∕21∕20) and (1∕21∕21∕2), often appear in x=0.2 and 0.3 samples. The (1∕21∕20) superstructure is likely to be an intermediate state bridging the T-R phase transition. Typical twin domains and ferroelectric polarization in these materials have been extensively discussed.
Feature sensitive mesh segmentation with mean shift (2006)

Feature sensitive mesh segmentation is important for many computer graphics and geometric modeling applications. In this paper, we develop a mesh segmentation method, which is capable of producing high-quality shape partitioning. It respects fine shape features and works well on various types of shapes, including natural shapes and mechanical parts. The method combines a procedure for clustering mesh normals with a modification of the mesh clarification technique. For clustering of mesh normals, we adopt Mean Shift, a powerful general purpose technique for clustering scattered data. We demonstrate advantages of our method by comparing it with two state-of-the-art mesh segmentation techniques.
A new configuration of CCD imager with a very low smear level&#8212;FIT-CCD imager (1984)

A new configuration of CCD imager has been developed to improve smearing. This new sensor introduces a storage region, which consists of pairs of vertical BCCD registers, between an interline transfer CCD imaging region and a readout horizontal CCD register. The configuration and operation of the new device (FIT-CCD imaging device) are described, together with the experimental results for 402 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(H) \times 500</tex> (V) element imaging devices. The smear level observed is low as ∼0.45 percent at 50 times the saturation exposure, being the lowest level so far obtained in solid-state imagers. Degradation in the contrast transfer function due to introduction of the storage region is very little because of the minimized vertical transfer loss by the storage region configuration with pairs of half-long BCCD registers.
Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects of kappa-opioid receptor antagonists in Wistar Kyoto rats (2009)

Many people with comorbid depression and anxiety do not achieve full remission through treatment with currently available options. Treatment resistance in patients with both depression and anxiety highlights the need for novel antidepressant and anxiolytic treatments that could better address the specific therapeutic needs of this population. Rodents are widely used in depression and anxiety drug discovery programs. The rodent strains used often lack face validity for the disorders of interest. The experiments in this thesis utilized the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, a strain that exhibits multiple behaviors similar to the core symptoms of depression and anxiety, in experiments designed to assess the effects of kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists in tests of depression-like and anxiety-like behavior. WKY rats were compared to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, a commonly used strain in depression and anxiety research, in all experiments. Depression-like behavior was assessed in the modified forced swim test (FST) and anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) and defensive burying (DB) tests. WKY rats displayed more depression-like behavior in the FST compared to SD rats. Systemic administration of KOR antagonists produced antidepressant-like effects in WKY rats, but did not significantly alter the behavior of SD rats. C-fos immunohistochemistry identified the nucleus accumbens shell and piriform cortex as potential neural substrates for the antidepressant-like effects of the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) in WKY rats. Additional experiments demonstrated that WKY rats had higher KOR tissue content levels in the piriform cortex and higher dynorphin A tissue content levels in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, local injection of nor-BNI into the piriform cortex of WKY rats produced antidepressant-like effects in the FST. WKY rats also display more anxiety-like behavior in the NIH and DB tests. In the NIH and DB tests, the KOR antagonist DIPPA produced clear anxiolytic-like effects in WKY rats, and partial anxiolytic-like effects in SD rat. These experiments highlight the WKY rat strain as a unique model of aspects of comorbid depression and anxiety characterized by increased dynorphin-KOR tone. These experiments also support the continued development of KOR antagonists as novel treatments for depression and anxiety.
Properties of Low-Temperature Melting Electrolytes for the Aluminum Electrolysis Process: A Review (2010)

The traditional electrolyte for aluminum electrolysis is composed of molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) and alumina (Al2O3). One of the objectives of the industry is to lower the operating temperature of the electrolytic process, which is currently around 960 °C. The benefits commonly evoked of a temperature decrease in the aluminum plotlines are multiple: reduction of the energetic consumption and thus of the global environmental footprint, increase of the cell life due to limited corrosion, reduction of production costs, etc. In this work, an overview of some properties of molten fluoride systems (Na−cryolite-based electrolytes (NaF−AlF3) and K−cryolite-based electrolytes (KF−AlF3)) is presented. To a lesser extent, the case of all-chloride and mixed chloro-fluoride salts is also discussed. Many physicochemical properties of salt mixtures are of major importance to evaluate the potential of a given electrolyte. When available, the following properties are reported and compared: the liquidus temperature, the electrical conductivity, the density, the vapor pressure, the solubility of alumina, and the solubility of liquid aluminum.
Sublytic Membrane-Attack-Complex (MAC) Activation Alters Regulated Rather than Constitutive Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Secretion in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Monolayers (2011)

Uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are thought to be associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Previously, we have shown that in RPE monolayers, oxidative-stress reduced complement inhibition on the cell surface. The resulting increased level of sublytic complement activation resulted in VEGF release, which disrupted the barrier facility of these cells as determined by transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements. Induced rather than basal VEGF release in RPE is thought to be controlled by different mechanisms, including voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Here we examined the potential intracellular links between sublytic complement activation and VEGF release in RPE cells challenged with H(2)O(2) and complement-sufficient normal human serum (NHS). Disruption of barrier function by H(2)O(2) + NHS rapidly increased Ras expression and Erk and Src phosphorylation, but had no effect on P38 phosphorylation. Either treatment alone had little effect. TER reduction could be attenuated by inhibiting Ras, Erk and Src activation, or blocking VDCC or VEGF-R2 activation, but not by inhibiting P38. Combinatorial analysis of inhibitor effects demonstrated that sublytic complement activation triggers VEGF secretion via two pathways, Src and Ras-Erk, with the latter being amplified by VEGF-R2 activation, but has no effect on constitutive VEGF secretion mediated via P38. Finally, effects on TER were directly correlated with release of VEGF; and sublytic MAC activation decreased levels of zfp36, a negative modulator of VEGF transcription, resulting in increased VEGF expression. Taken together, identifying how sublytic MAC induces VEGF expression and secretion might offer opportunities to selectively inhibit pathological VEGF release only.
Enhancing Nrf2 Pathway by Disruption of Keap1 in Myeloid Leukocytes Protects against Sepsis (2011)

Our study shows that Nrf2 acts as a critical immunomodulator in leukocytes, controls host inflammatory response to bacterial infection, and protects against sepsis.
The Association Between Visual Field Defect Severity and Fear of Falling in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (2013)

Among patients with POAG, the severity of visual field defects is associated with fear of falling. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm number, UMIN000005574.).
EV charging station integrating renewable energy and second-life battery (2013)

This paper investigates the integration of wind power, Photovoltaic (PV) solar power, and Li-Ion battery energy storage into a DC microgrid-based charging station for Electric Vehicles (EVs). The goal is for the Renewable Energy (RE) sources to provide as much of the charging energy as possible. The facility will be grid connected so that charging can occur during cloudy, windless days. The grid connection also permits exporting power when generation exceeds demand within the microgrid. It is proposed that second-life lithium-ion batteries be integrated into the proposed system to serve as an energy buffer and provide emergency energy upon loss of the grid connection. The Simulink modeling and simulation components of the charging station includes the solar PV, wind, EV batteries, and second-life batteries with their associated controls. The battery model is based on laboratory tests conducted during the project. Control functions and algorithms enabling the system to operate in various modes are developed, and simulation results are presented.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles: Jitter analysis of a mixed PLL-DLL architecture (2008)

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles<br><br>"Jitter Analysis of a Mixed PLL-DLL Architecture,"<br>by M. Sayfullah, B. Roland, A.L. Scholtz,<br>in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. ICECE 2008, pp. 750-754<br><br>After careful and considered review of the content and authorship of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.<br><br>This paper contains significant portions of original text from the paper cited below. The original text was copied without attribution (including appropriate references to the original author(s) and/or paper title) and without permission.<br><br>Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper, and future references should be made to the following article:<br><br>"Design of Noise-Robust Clock and Data Recovery Using an Adaptive-Bandwidth Mixed PLL/DLL"<br>by Han-Yuan Tan<br>in his PhD thesis, Harvard University, November 2006<br><br> <br/> This paper presents the jitter analysis of a mixed mode phase locked loop (PLL) - delay locked loop (DLL) architecture. According to the jitter type, this model can be used as pure PLL or pure DLL or a mixed PLL-DLL. It is observed that mixed mode PLL-DLL architecture can combine the advantage from both PLL and DLL to reduce jitter.
Can the integration of field and classroom-based learning enhance writing? The life on our shore case study (2011)

There is a need to evaluate the benefits to children of integrated classroom and field-based learning. In this article, we describe a case study that involves children in the production of a field guide: an authentic task which integrates learner autonomy and open enquiry with field work, information and communication technologies (ICT) and classroom-based activities. We consider the impact that this task has had upon aspects of the children's factual writing. Although we found no improvement in the ability of the children to write sentences and only a marginal improvement in their ability to write for composition and effect, we did find a significant improvement in their ability to write about the ecology of an animal that they had encountered firsthand when compared to an animal that they had not encountered in life.
CO2 REACTIVITY AND PRESSURE AUTOREGULATION OF BRAIN TISSUE OXYGEN (1999)

Society Of Critical Care Medicine 29Th Educational And Scientific Symposium; Orlando, Florida, Usa; February 11-15, 2000: Poster Presentations
Transient thermal performance of high-temperature particle storage bins (2022)

The design, modeling, and integration of high-temperature particle storage bins is a critical component of Gen. 3 concentrated solar power (CSP). Particle storage bins control the temperature and flow rates throughout the particle circulatory system, so having a fundamental understanding of their transient thermal behavior is highly advantageous for the design and multi-level control of future CSP systems. This paper provides contributions to this understanding by presenting a semi-analytic method for modeling the transient thermal behavior of bulk particle bins. The model is verified with experiments and a baseline CFD model and then used to make conclusions about the dominant heat transfer modes in bulk particle bins and the general transient thermal performance of related systems.