gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Function of the Basal Ganglia as Revealed by Cognitive and Motor Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease (1984)

Early Parkinson's disease is taken to be the best human model of disordered basal ganglia function. An experimental study in Parkinsonians with swings in motor response to drug treatment suggests that general cognition is not controlled by dopamine mediated striatal activity. The variety of motor disorders in Parkinson's disease cannot be explained by simple concepts. Although Parkinsonians cannot execute fast ballistic movements, an experimental study shows that they can adopt a predictive motor control strategy. It is argued that simple motor programs are not grossly disturbed in Parkinson's disease. It is concluded that Parkinsonians cannot automatically execute learned motor plans.
To the Editor: (2020)

Pawsey, Steve MBBS; Simon, James A. MD; Anderson, Richard A. MD, PhD; Dhillo, Waljit MB, BS, PhD; Joffe, Hadine MD; Trower, Mike PhDAuthor Information
SCOAL (2010)

For difficult classification or regression problems, practitioners often segment the data into relatively homogeneous groups and then build a predictive model for each group. This two-step procedure usually results in simpler, more interpretable and actionable models without any loss in accuracy. In this work, we consider problems such as predicting customer behavior across products, where the independent variables can be naturally partitioned into two sets, that is, the data is dyadic in nature. A pivoting operation now results in the dependent variable showing up as entries in a “customer by product” data matrix. We present the Simultaneous CO-clustering And Learning (SCOAL) framework, based on the key idea of interleaving co-clustering and construction of prediction models to iteratively improve both cluster assignment and fit of the models. This algorithm provably converges to a local minimum of a suitable cost function. The framework not only generalizes co-clustering and collaborative filtering to model-based co-clustering, but can also be viewed as simultaneous co-segmentation and classification or regression, which is typically better than independently clustering the data first and then building models. Moreover, it applies to a wide range of bi-modal or multimodal data, and can be easily specialized to address classification and regression problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on both these problems through experimentation on a variety of datasets.
Biofabricated 3D in vitro model of fibrosis‐induced abnormal hepatoblast/biliary progenitors' expansion of the developing liver (2020)

Congenital disorders of the biliary tract are the primary reason for pediatric liver failure and ultimately for pediatric liver transplant needs. Not all causes of these disorders are well understood, but it is known that liver fibrosis occurs in many of those afflicted. The goal of this study is to develop a simple yet robust model that recapitulates physico-mechanical and cellular aspects of fibrosis mediated via hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their effects on biliary progenitor cells. Liver organoids were fabricated by embedding various HSCs, with distinctive abilities to generate mild to severe fibrotic environments, together with undifferentiated liver progenitor cell line, HepaRG, within a collagen I hydrogel. The fibrotic state of each organoid was characterized by examination of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through quantitative image analysis, rheometry, and qPCR. In tandem, the phenotype of the liver progenitor cell and cluster formation was assessed through histology. Activated HSCs (aHSCs) created a more severe fibrotic state, exemplified by a more highly contracted and rigid ECM, as well higher relative expression of <i>TGF-β</i>, <i>TIMP-1</i>, <i>LOXL2</i>, and <i>COL1A2</i> as compared to immortalized HSCs (LX-2). Within the more severe fibrotic environment, generated by the aHSCs, higher Notch signaling was associated with an expansion of CK19<sup>+</sup> cells as well as the formation of larger, more densely populated cell biliary like-clusters as compared to mild and non-fibrotic controls. The expansion of CK19<sup>+</sup> cells, coupled with a severely fibrotic environment, are phenomena found within patients suffering from a variety of congenital liver disorders of the biliary tract. Thus, the model presented here can be utilized as a novel in vitro testing platform to test drugs and identify new targets that could benefit pediatric patients that suffer from the biliary dysgenesis associated with a multitude of congenital liver diseases.
Evaluation of power saving in an MPLS/IP network hosting a virtual router layer of a single service provider (2013)

As a consequence of the rapid growth of Internet, the power consumption of the network equipment has increased significantly. This trend will continue in the next years and some strategies to contain the power used in the IP network are needed. Among the green networking strategies the virtualization class and in particular the deployment of virtual routers can lead to a high energy saving. In this paper we propose an heuristic for the migration of virtual routers among physical devices in order to turn off as many nodes as possible and save power according to the compliance with network node and link capacity constraints. We show that the 28% of nodes may be turn off when traffic percentage reduction of 80% occurs.
4-Anilino-5-carboxamido-2-pyridone Derivatives as Noncompetitive Inhibitors of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (2007)

A new series of MEK1 inhibitors, the 4-anilino-5-carboxamido-2-pyridones, were designed and synthesized using a combination of medicinal chemistry, computational chemistry, and structural elucidation. The effect of variation in the carboxamide side chain, substitution on the pyridone nitrogen, and replacement of the 4‘-iodide were all investigated. This study afforded several compounds which were either equipotent or more potent than the clinical candidate CI-1040 (1) in an isolated enzyme assay, as well as murine colon carcinoma (C26) cells, as measured by supression of phosphorylated ERK substrate. Most notably, pyridone 27 was found to be more potent than 1 in vitro and produced a 100% response rate at a lower dose than 1, when tested for in vivo efficacy in animals bearing C26 tumors.
Thermal expansion coefficients for low expansion oxides (1980)

A study to identify low expansion oxides that could have excellent thermal-shock resistance led to several promising materials. This paper ranks the oxides in order of their thermal expansivities: very low ( 2625 K with CTE values ranging from -5.1 x 10/sup -6//K to 8.8 x 10/sup -6/K.
Passive CPHASE Gate via Cross-Kerr Nonlinearities (2016)

A fundamental and open question is whether cross-Kerr nonlinearities can be used to construct a controlled-phase (cphase) gate. Here we propose a gate constructed from a discrete set of atom-mediated cross-Kerr interaction sites with counterpropagating photons. We show that the average gate fidelity F between a cphase and our proposed gate increases as the number of interaction sites increases and the spectral width of the photon decreases; e.g., with 12 sites we find F>99%.
Convergence Behavior Of Two-Dimensional Least-Squares Lattice Algorithm (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
Influence of the Catalyst Support on the Steam Reforming Performance of Toluene as Tar Model Compound (2018)

The large amount of tar produced along with the syngas during biomass gasification is one of the major obstacle for the diffusion of gasifiers at industrial scale. Catalytic cracking and reforming are the most suitable processes for the transformation of tar into lighter gases. The selection of suitable catalysts is a critical step. The catalysts must own high activity and high resistance to deactivation for coke deposition. In this work the effect of two different supports, mayenite and aluminium oxide, on the activity of the nickel was investigated in the steam reforming of toluene that was used as tar model compound. In particular, the performed experimentations aimed to test the mayenite in terms of improvement of resistance to carbon deposition in conditions similar to those of gasification reactors. The obtained results indicate that Ni /mayenite catalyst needs higher temperature to activate and leads to lower value of toluene conversion with respect to Ni / alumina. However, mayenite, which is known from literature to have higher resistance to coke deposition due to the presence of free oxygens in the lattice which oxidize the coke deposited on the catalyst surface showed higher resistance to deactivation especially for low steam to carbon ratios.
Membrane location of the Ti plasmid VirB proteins involved in the biosynthesis of a pilin-like conjugative structure onAgrobacterium tumefaciens (1993)

The virB operon of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid encodes 11 proteins. Specific antisera to VirB2, VirB3 and VirB9 were used to locate these virulence proteins in the A. tumefaciens cell. Immunoblot analysis located VirB2 protein to the inner and outer membranes; VirB3 and VirB9 were likewise associated with both membranes, but mainly in the outer membrane. VirB2 is processed from a 12.3-kDa protein into a 7.2-kDa polypeptide. Such sized protein results from cleavage at residue Ala47, upstream of which two additional alanine residues Ala45-Ala46 are contained and bearing resemblance to a signal peptide peptidase-I cleavage sequence. VirB2 and VirB3 sequences are strikingly similar to the pilin biosynthetic proteins TraA and TraL encoded by the tra operon of F and R1-19 plasmids. Since traA encodes a propilin that is cleaved into a 7.2-kDa conjugative pilin product and since this cleavage site is present in both TraA and VirB2, we propose that virB2 encodes a pilin-like protein which together with VirB3 and VirB9 as well as other VirB proteins may be used for interkingdom T-DNA transfer between bacteria and plants.
Association of night-time home blood pressure with night-time ambulatory blood pressure and target-organ damage (2016)

The available evidence suggests that nHBP and nABP present similar values and comparable relationship with target-organ damage. Studies on the prognostic value of nHBP are needed.
Nanoparticle electrostriction acoustic resonance enhanced nonlinearity (2016)

Four-wave mixing can be used for all-optical wavelength conversion to manipulate communication channels in wavelength division multiplexing. Most wavelength conversion techniques rely on small intrinsic optical nonlinearities, leading to the low conversion efficiency and high energy usage while requiring a long light-matter interaction lengths. Here, we demonstrate a resonantly enhanced nonlinear process by introducing the vibrational excitation, where the electrostrictive force excites the acoustic modes of nanoparticles and induces a travelling periodic variation in refractive index of the sample. We show experimentally and theoretically strong nanoparticle resonances ranging from tens of GHz to THz, which can be utilized to achieve higher frequency conversion for fast all-optical data processing.
Nanobiotechnology Solutions againstAedes aegypti (2016)

WHO) implemented the Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) program with excellent results; however, due to current challenges, this active program requires new and innovative solutions. Nowadays, Aedes aegyptis-borne diseases can be added among neglected diseases. Surveillance and control must be considered owing to a great risk of infection with dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. Although investigations on several vaccines are in progress, new insights in term of development of drugs that evade from resistance are of paramount importance. Nanobiotechnology appears as one of the most innovative strategy in the search of new uses for old pharmaceuticals or in the development of innovative and intelligent nanomedicines for neglected diseases. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon dots and carbon nanotubes were the focus of the current advances. In this direction, we have focused this overview on new advances in diagnostic assays as nanobiosensors, antivirus and nanoinsecticides on Aedes aegyptis control.
AN ENERGETIC COMPARISON BETWEEN VALVELESS AND VALVE CONTROLLED ACTIVE VIBRATION DAMPING FOR OFF-ROAD VEHICLES (2005)

This paper presents a comparison of the energetic consumption of a valveless and a valve controlled active oscillation damping system for off-road machinery. Today only passive oscillation damping systems are subject to off-road machine series production. These systems offer the advantage of no additional primary energy use for damping. However, the disadvantages are the high costs and no adaptation possibility to the operating parameters. The recent developments where valve controlled linear actuators have been used for active damping had to face several problems with too low dynamics of today's implemented control valves and the high additional energy need. These disadvantages can be avoided by using valveless linear actuators for working functions and for active damping. In fact, throttling losses are omitted and, energy recovery is possible. It will be shown based on measurement and simulation results that a suitable damping quality can be achieved with valveless linear actuators. Therefore, some aspects of the controller design will be given. Hereby, a simple acceleration sensor and standard control hardware are used. The main part will describe the energetic modelling, whereby especially precise pump loss models have been developed. The energy consumption of both systems performing active damping is compared in detail.
Modulatable orthogonal sequences and their application to SSMA systems (1988)

A set of N-1 orthogonal sequences of period N/sup 2/ is proposed, where N is a natural number. Each orthogonal sequence proposed can be modulated by N complex numbers of absolute value 1, so the modulated sequence is also orthogonal. When N is an odd prime number, the absolute value of the cross-correlation function between any two of the N-1 orthogonal sequences is constant and satisfies the mathematical lower bound. This property of the cross-correlation function is not changed when each of the two orthogonal sequences is modulated by N complex numbers of absolute value 1. Two spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) systems using these sequences are proposed. One system is an asynchronous SSMA system, using the proposed sequences unmodulated. The cochannel interference peak between any two channels in this system realizes the mathematical lower bound for an asynchronous SSMA system using a set of orthogonal sequences. The other system is a synchronous SSMA system without cochannel interference which uses the modulated form of the proposed sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Traumatic brain injury causes a long‐lasting calcium (Ca2+)‐plateau of elevated intracellular Ca levels and altered Ca2+ homeostatic mechanisms in hippocampal neurons surviving brain injury (2008)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often suffer chronically from significant morbidity associated with cognitive deficits, behavioral difficulties and a post-traumatic syndrome and thus it is important to understand the pathophysiology of these long-term plasticity changes after TBI. Calcium (Ca2+) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of TBI-induced neuronal death and other forms of brain injury including stroke and status epilepticus. However, the potential role of long-term changes in neuronal Ca2+ dynamics after TBI has not been evaluated. In the present study, we measured basal free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in acutely isolated CA3 hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley rats at 1, 7 and 30 days after moderate central fluid percussion injury. Basal [Ca2+](i) was significantly elevated when measured 1 and 7 days post-TBI without evidence of neuronal death. Basal [Ca2+](i) returned to normal when measured 30 days post-TBI. In contrast, abnormalities in Ca2+ homeostasis were found for as long as 30 days after TBI. Studies evaluating the mechanisms underlying the altered Ca2+ homeostasis in TBI neurons indicated that necrotic or apoptotic cell death and abnormalities in Ca2+ influx and efflux mechanisms could not account for these changes and suggested that long-term changes in Ca2+ buffering or Ca2+ sequestration/release mechanisms underlie these changes in Ca2+ homeostasis after TBI. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of altered Ca2+ homeostasis in traumatized, surviving neurons in TBI may offer novel therapeutic interventions that may contribute to the treatment and relief of some of the morbidity associated with TBI.
Absorption and Fluorescence of Sandwich Dimers. Theory of the Excimer State (1966)

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Blood Vessel Contributions to Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Profiles Measured With Optical Coherence Tomography (2008)

The variation in the local peaks of the RNFL profiles of controls correlates well with the location of the main temporal branches of the superior and inferior veins and arteries. This correspondence is, in part, due to a direct BV contribution to the shape of the OCT RNFL and, in part, due to the fact that BVs develop along the densest regions of axons. Although the overall BV contribution was estimated to be relatively modest, roughly 13% of the total peripapillary RNFL thickness in controls, their contribution represents a substantial portion locally and increases in importance with disease progression.
FGF signalling generates ventral telencephalic cells independently of SHH (2006)

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is required to generate ventral cell types throughout the central nervous system. Its role in directly specifying ventral cells, however, has recently been questioned because loss of the Shh gene has little effect on ventral development if the Gli3 gene is also mutant. Consequently, another ventral determinant must exist. Here, genetic evidence establishes that FGFs are required for ventral telencephalon development. First, simultaneous deletion of Fgfr1 and Fgfr3 specifically in the telencephalon results in the loss of differentiated ventromedial cells; and second, in the Fgfr1;Fgfr2 double mutant, ventral precursor cells are lost, mimicking the phenotype obtained previously with a loss of SHH signalling. Yet, in the Fgfr1;Fgfr2 mutant, Shh remains expressed, as does Gli1, the transcription of which depends on SHH activity, suggesting that FGF signalling acts independently of SHH to generate ventral precursors. Moreover, the Fgfr1;Fgfr2 phenotype, unlike the Shh phenotype, is not rescued by loss of Gli3, further indicating that FGFs act downstream of Shh and Gli3 to generate ventral telencephalic cell types.
Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV-infected, treatment-naive adults (2010)

There is evidence of moderate quality that initiating ART at CD4 levels higher than 200 or 250 cells/microL reduces mortality rates in asymptomatic, ART-naive, HIV-infected people. Practitioners and policy-makers may consider initiating ART at levels </= 350 cells/microL for patients who present to health services and are diagnosed with HIV early in the infection.
Version history, similar report, and structure: putting them together for improved bug localization (2014)

During the evolution of a software system, a large number of bug reports are submitted. Locating the source code files that need to be fixed to resolve the bugs is a challenging problem. Thus, there is a need for a technique that can automatically figure out these buggy files. A number of bug localization solutions that take in a bug report and output a ranked list of files sorted based on their likelihood to be buggy have been proposed in the literature. However, the accuracy of these tools still need to be improved.
Syntheses of Recyclized Macrolide Antibiotics and Related Derivatives from Mycaminosyltylonolide (1981)

Abstract Mycaminosyltylonolide diethyl acetal was, after reduction of the 9-keto group, hydrolyzed, and the seco-acids obtained were recyclized to give new 16-membered (9R)- and (9S)-hydroxy macrolide derivatives, in which the 23-hydroxyl group of the starting substance was incorporated into the macrolactone ring. Selective oxidation of the (9S)-hydroxy derivative (15) with DDQ gave the keto compound (18). Removal of the acetal-protecting groups gave a new macrolide (19), which is antibacterial. Several other O-acetyl derivatives were also prepared and their antibacterial activities were measured. By the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies of 3,23-di-O-acetylmycaminosyltylonolide diethyl acetal by varying the temperature, the presence of two rotamers was clarified.
Theoretical predictions of the optimal monophasic and biphasic defibrillation waveshapes (2000)

The truncated decaying exponential waveshape has become the de facto standard for implantable cardiac defibrillators. However, the optimal defibrillation waveshape with respect to delivered energy remains unknown. To this end, this study has derived the theoretically optimal waveshapes for monophasic and biphasic defibrillation shocks as predicted from a lumped-component model of cardiac tissue in conjunction with the "charge-banking" and "charge-burping" hypotheses of defibrillation. These derivations predict that a truncated ascending exponential waveshape--with a shock time constant, tau s, always equal to the underlying tissue time constant, tau m--minimizes the delivered energy required for defibrillation. These predictions are qualitatively consistent with available experimental data. Thus, to the extent that "charge-banking" and "charge-burping" are assumed to be valid and accurate models of defibrillation, these derivations identify the theoretical "gold standards" of defibrillation waveshapes requiring minimum delivered energy.
[Vasodilator agents in chronic heart failure: which is the best option?]. (1993)

Vasodilator therapy has been utilized for the treatment of congestive heart failure in the last 20 years. These drugs contribute to increase cardiac output, decrease peripheral vascular resistance and favour venous dilatation. Recent multicenter trials have addressed the issue of the impact of vasodilator therapy upon survival. Thus, the VHEFT-I and Consensus studies have shown that both the combination of nitrates and hydralazine and ACF inhibitors improve life expectancy in patients with moderate and severe heart failure. Moreover, the SOLVD study showed that ACE inhibitors improve survival and reduce cardiac events in patients with mild heart failure and depressed myocardial function at the end of 2 years of follow-up. The VHEFT II trial compared the effects of the nitrate-hydralazine combination versus ACE inhibitors upon the clinical course of patients with moderate heart failure. This last trial showed that although nitrates and hydralazine exerted a slightly better benefit upon exercise tolerance and left ventricular ejection fraction, patients that were treated with ACE inhibitors had a significantly reduced mortality. Differences in mortality when both groups of vasodilators drugs were compared were due to reduction of arrhythmias and sudden death. It is likely that this greater benefit obtained with ACE inhibitors when compared to nitrates and hydralazine in heart failure might be due to their favourable effects upon the abnormal neurohormonal activation observed in this syndrome. Thus ACE inhibitors have turned out to be one of the cornerstones in the treatment of congestive heart failure.