gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-Shift Acceleration Control for Anti-Islanding of a Distributed-Generation Inverter (2009)

This paper proposes frequency-shift acceleration control for anti-islanding of an inverter-based distributed generator. The proposed control is based on frequency positive feedback in the synchronous <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> frame. Overall, the scheme of the proposed control is described. The design methodology of the frequency-shift acceleration gain is presented based on small-signal stability and step input response. The proposed control is intended for zero nondetection zone, noncompromised power quality, and easy implementation without additional devices required. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed anti-islanding scheme and the gain design approach are effective and useful in real applications.
Hoard: A Fast, Scalable, and Memory-Efficient Allocator for Shared-MemoryMultiprocessors (1999)

In this paper, we present Hoard, a memory allocator for shared-memory multiprocessors. We prove that its worst-case memory fragmentation is asymptotically equivalent to that of an optimal uniprocessor allocator. We present experiments that demonstrate its speed and scalability.
Primary Cell Culture of Human Type II Pneumonocytes: Maintenance of a Differentiated Phenotype and Transfection with Recombinant Adenoviruses (1997)

Studies of the regulation of surfactant lipoprotein metabolism and secretion and surfactant protein gene expression have been hampered by the lack of a cell culture system in which the phenotypic properties of type II cells are maintained. We have developed a primary culture system that facilitates the maintenance of a number of morphologic and biochemical properties of type II pneumonocytes for up to 2 wk. Cells were isolated by collagenase digestion of midgestation human fetal lung tissue that had been maintained in organ culture in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) for 5 days. The isolated cells were enriched for epithelial components by treatment with DEAE-dextran, plated on an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and incubated at an air/liquid interface in a minimal amount of culture medium containing Bt2cAMP. The cell cultures were comprised of islands of round epithelial-like cells containing numerous dense osmiophilic granules, surrounded by sparse spindle-shaped cells with the appearance of fibroblasts. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the osmiophilic granules had the appearance of lamellar bodies, the distinguishing feature of type II pneumonocytes. Additionally, the cultures maintained elevated levels of SP-A gene expression for up to 2 wk. The expression of mRNAs encoding SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C were regulated in the cultured cells by glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP in a manner similar to that observed in fetal lung tissue in organ culture. The differentiated phenotype was most apparent when the cells were cultured at an air/liquid interface. In order to utilize the cultured type II cells for study of the effects of overexpression of various proteins and for promoter analysis, it is of essence to transfect DNA constructs into these cells with high efficiency. Unfortunately, we found the cells to be refractory to efficient transfer of DNA using conventional methods (i.e., lipofection, electroporation, or calcium phosphate-mediated transfection). However, replication-defective recombinant human adenoviruses were found to provide a highly efficient means of introducing DNA into the type II pneumonocytes. Furthermore, we observed in type II cell-enriched cultures infected with recombinant adenoviruses containing the lacZ gene under control of a cytomegalovirus promoter, that beta-galactosidase was expressed uniformly in the islands of type II cells and surrounding fibroblasts. By contrast, in cultures infected with recombinant adenoviruses containing the human growth hormone (hGH) gene under control of the SP-A gene promoter and 5'-flanking region, hGH was expressed only in the type II cells. Thus, this culture system provides an excellent means for identifying genomic elements that mediate type II cell-specific gene expression.
Particle Sizing by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Part II: Average values (1991)

Abstract The average values of the diameters and the diffusion coefficients of non‐interacting homogeneous spherical particles as obtained with photon correlation spectroscopy are reviewed. In general, the average diffusion coefficients calculated from the first cumulant can be identified as intensity averages, while the average particle diameters are harmonic intensity averages. For particles with linear dimensions that are small compared to the wavelength of light, the intensity averages can be identified as z‐averages for the diffusion coefficient and as harmonic z‐averages for the diameter. For larger particles the intensity averages are, however, different from the z‐averages and are dependent on the material examined (relative refractive index) and on the experimental equipment used (laser wavelength and state of polarization and scattering angle).
The making of a university, the breakdown of a movement: Reading University Extension College to The University of Reading, 1892‐1925 (1994)

Reading University Extension College was opened on 29 September 1892. It was the first and only college to be opened by the Oxford University Extension Delegacy, and was specifically seen as a blueprint for the future of the University Extension movement. Yet gradually the social ideology which gave birth to the college was eroded as the college progressively assumed the outlook of a conventional university. From 1911 the college actively pressed for university status, and was finally granted its charter in 1926. The title of this essay is taken from the account of the man who had most influence in the development of the college, W. H. Childs, Principal of the College from 1903 and the first Vice‐Chancellor of the university. His book Making a University remains the only detailed narrative of the process that turned an extension college into a university. However, this essay attempts to look at the changing nature of the college from the opposite direction and focuses instead on the eclipsing of the University Extension movement. Reading College's gradual withdrawal from its original social ideology is put into context with the problems the University Extension movement faced nation‐wide, and the broad conclusion is reached that university extension failed both at Reading and as a national movement because it lost touch with the very people that it was primarily supposed to be catering for, the working classes.
Highly Microcrystalline Phosphorous‐Doped Si:H Very Thin Films Deposited by RF‐PECVD (2022)

Fine‐tuning the crystallinity and doping of the hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films are the key points in obtaining high‐quality devices for above‐integrated circuit (above‐IC) image sensors. This study focuses on the structural and electrical properties of radio‐frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF‐PECVD) deposited microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H) contact layers. Herein, phosphorus‐doped μc‐Si:H is deposited by capacitively coupled plasma RF‐PECVD (13,56 MHz) from a SiH 4 + H 2 + PH 3 gas mixture with varying phosphine concentrations. The influence of phosphine concentration on dopant concentration, active dopant concentration, and crystallinity is studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry, Hall effect measurement, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. A high doping level is attained, reaching up to 1.7 × 10 20 cm −3 . Furthermore, “low‐power” and “high‐power” deposition conditions are studied which lead to incubation layers of different nature.
Total Synthesis of a Thymidine 2-Deoxypolyoxin C Analogue (1998)

The synthesis of the thymidine 2-deoxypolyoxin C analogue 10 from a noncarbohydrate precursor was achieved in 10 steps and 9% yield starting from a chiral gamma,delta-epoxy-beta-hydroxy ester 11 readily available from cis-2-butene-1,4-diol. The main steps concern the stereo- and regioselective opening of the epoxide ring by an azide anion, the stereoselective introduction of the thymine base, and the transformation of the primary alcohol to the acid functionality of the final product. Two other approaches have also been investigated.
Dynamic Modeling of Hydraulic Shovel Excavators for Geomaterials (2008)

The hydraulic shovel excavator has found significant applications in surface mining, construction, and geotechnical operations due to its flexibility and mobility. The key to high availability and utilization of this shovel is adequate understanding of machine dynamics and machine-formation interactions among other technical, operating, safety, and economic factors. These shovels are capital intensive, complex in design and operation within severely constrained environments. Detailed dynamic modeling and analysis are required to understand their effective utilization for achieving efficient operating performance and economic useful lives. Previous attempts at solving these problems are limited because they do not provide knowledge on the resistive forces and moments for efficient excavation. In this paper, the Newton-Euler techniques are used to develop hydraulic shovel dynamic models with numerical examples. Detailed analysis of the results shows that: (1) the kinematics of the stick-bucket joint (joint 3) is the most critical and effective control of this joint and is important input into efficient excavation design and execution; and (2) the highest resistive moments occur between the duration of 1.5 and 2.0s after the start of formation excavation and the highest magnitudes are 1,500Nm (for stick), 900Nm (for bucket), and 600Nm (for boom). Based on these results, the path trajectories, dynamic velocity and acceleration profiles, and dimensioned parameters for optimum feed force, torques, and momentum of shovel boom-bucket assembly can be modeled and used for efficient excavation. The optimum digging forces and resistances for the hydraulic shovel excavator can also be modeled and used to predict optimum excavation performance.
XML-Based Modeling of Corporate Memory (2005)

Analytical knowledge is distributed among domain experts, analysts, and data-storage systems. Extracting such knowledge from databases is of interest to corporations. The traditional top-down development of corporate memory is not appropriate for modern organizations because of the distributed nature of information. This paper proposes models of analytical knowledge and new ways of developing corporate memory by using an extensible markup language (XML). It aims at efficient exploration of useful knowledge by mining the Web. The proposed approach of modeling analytical knowledge is explicit and sharable. The concepts introduced in the paper have been demonstrated with a manufacturing case study.
Quantitative study of the thermal transpiration effect in vacuum gauges (1987)

Pressure measurements in the range of low and medium vacuum are conveniently and accurately performed by mechanical instruments which detect pressure-induced deformations. The stability of both calibration and zero setting are considerably improved by operating the transducers at a stabilized elevated temperature. Due to thermal transpiration the temperature difference between transducer and vacuum vessel may cause a pressure difference which depends on the pressure itself, the geometry and surface properties of the interconnection, and also the gas species. In order to determine the vessel pressure, the empirical correction formula of Takaishi and Sensui has proved to be successful. Our accurate measurements reveal for the first time a minor, but systematic failure of this correction procedure. This failure is attributed to an improper application of the formula, i.e., the disregard of the specific surface properties of the interconnection. To overcome this deficiency, we suggest using fitted values for the temperature and diameter which appear in the formula, instead of actual values. By this procedure the systematic deviations are removed, and the Takaishi and Sensui formula allows description of our vessel pressures better than 0.1%.
Gene Tagging Strategies To Assess Protein Expression, Localization, and Function in Drosophila. (2017)

International audience
A comparison of combined classifier architectures for Arabic Speech Recognition (2008)

Combined classifiers offer solution to the pattern classification problems which arise from variation of the data acquisition conditions, the signal representing the pattern to be recognized and classifier architecture itself. This paper studies the effect of classifier architecture on the overall performance of the Arabic Speech Recognition System. Five different proposed combined classifier architectures are studied and a comparison of their performance is conducted. Boosting is another type of combined classifier to improve the performance of almost any learning algorithm. We investigate the effect of combining Neural Networks by AdaBoost.M1 and propose an enhancement for AdaBoost.M1 algorithm. It is found that the proposed enhanced AdaBoost.M1 outperforms either the architectures based on ensemble approaches or the modular approaches.
Data from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Selective kinase inhibitors have had a substantial impact on the field of medical oncology. Whereas these agents can elicit dramatic clinical responses in some settings, their activity is generally limited to a subset of treated patients whose tumor cells harbor a specific genetic lesion. We have established an automated platform for examining the sensitivity to various molecularly targeted inhibitors across a large panel of human tumor-derived cell lines to identify additional genotype-correlated responses that may be clinically relevant. Among the inhibitors tested in a panel of 602 cell lines derived from a variety of human cancers, we found that a selective inhibitor of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) potently suppressed growth of a small subset of tumor cells. This subset included lines derived from anaplastic large cell lymphomas, non–small-cell lung cancers, and neuroblastomas. ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase that was first identified as part of a protein fusion derived from a chromosomal translocation detected in the majority of anaplastic large cell lymphoma patients, and has recently been implicated as an oncogene in a small fraction of non–small-cell lung cancers and neuroblastomas. Significantly, sensitivity in these cell lines was well correlated with specific &lt;i&gt;ALK&lt;/i&gt; genomic rearrangements, including chromosomal translocations and gene amplification. Moreover, in such cell lines, ALK kinase inhibition can lead to potent suppression of downstream survival signaling and an apoptotic response. These findings suggest that a subset of lung cancers, lymphomas, and neuroblastomas that harbor genomic &lt;i&gt;ALK&lt;/i&gt; alterations may be clinically responsive to pharmacologic ALK inhibition. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3389–95]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning (2021)

In this work, we explore "prompt tuning," a simple yet effective mechanism for learning "soft prompts" to condition frozen language models to perform specific downstream tasks. Unlike the discrete text prompts used by GPT-3, soft prompts are learned through backpropagation and can be tuned to incorporate signals from any number of labeled examples. Our end-to-end learned approach outperforms GPT-3's few-shot learning by a large margin. More remarkably, through ablations on model size using T5, we show that prompt tuning becomes more competitive with scale: as models exceed billions of parameters, our method "closes the gap" and matches the strong performance of model tuning (where all model weights are tuned). This finding is especially relevant because large models are costly to share and serve and the ability to reuse one frozen model for multiple downstream tasks can ease this burden. Our method can be seen as a simplification of the recently proposed "prefix tuning" of Li and Liang (2021) and we provide a comparison to this and other similar approaches. Finally, we show that conditioning a frozen model with soft prompts confers benefits in robustness to domain transfer and enables efficient "prompt ensembling." We release code and model checkpoints to reproduce our experiments. 1
Endothelial superoxide production in buffer perfused rat lungs, demonstrated by a new histochemical technique. (1991)

This paper describes a new approach to the histochemical demonstration of superoxide generation by pulmonary vascular endothelial cells using a supravital high manganese/diamine technique, in which nascent superoxide radicals induce formation of amber, osmiophilic polymers of diaminobenzidine (DAB), detectable by light or electron microscopy. Superoxide oxidizes Mn2+ ions to the Mn3+ valence state. In turn trivalent manganese readily initiates formation of the polymerized DAB reaction product. Isolated rat lungs were perfused in situ with bloodless, buffered high manganese/DAB salt solution via the pulmonary artery. The aortic root was ligated to minimize outflow from the left heart, so that perfusate shunted across pulmonary capillary endothelium, to fill the alveolar spaces and drain via the trachea. Lungs were perfused for 3 min with oxygen equilibrated buffer, with or without 60 min prior warm anoxia, induced by initial perfusion with argon sparged buffer. After aldehyde fixation and tissue processing DAB reaction product was detected on the inner, luminal surface of the vascular endothelium by both light and electron microscopy. Bronchi and epithelial cells never stained positively. The histochemical reaction was absent or markedly reduced in non-manganese treated or superoxide dismutase treated lungs, as well as in lungs perfused with calcium free buffer. The histochemical reaction was not prevented by the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol or methylene blue. The high manganese/diamine technique provides direct visual evidence of a calcium dependent mechanism by which pulmonary vascular endothelial cells can generate superoxide radicals.
Cardio-Oncology (2015)

Cardio-oncology (the cardiovascular care of cancer patients) has developed as a new translational and clinical field based on the expanding repertoire of mechanism-based cancer therapies. Although these therapies have changed the natural course of many cancers, several may also lead to cardiovascular complications. Many new anticancer drugs approved over the past decade are "targeted" kinase inhibitors that interfere with intracellular signaling contributing to tumor progression. Unexpected cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects of patient treatment with these inhibitors have provided unique insights into the role of kinases in human cardiovascular biology. Today, an ever-expanding number of cancer therapies targeting novel kinases and other specific cellular and metabolic pathways are being developed and tested in oncology clinical trials. Some of these drugs may affect the cardiovascular system in detrimental ways and others perhaps in beneficial ways. We propose that the numerous ongoing oncology clinical trials are an opportunity for closer collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists to study the cardiovascular and cardiometabolic changes caused by the modulation of these pathways in patients. In this regard, cardio-oncology represents an opportunity and a novel platform for basic and translational investigation and can serve as a potential avenue for optimization of anticancer therapies and for cardiovascular research and drug discovery.
Long-Range Reserve Crew Manpower Planning (2004)

Airlines are continually faced with the challenge of efficient utilization of their cockpit crew resources. In addition to regular flying crews, airlines maintain significant reserve staffing levels to meet contractual obligations and provide smooth daily operations. Most airlines also depend on voluntary and involuntary flying by regular crews to cover trips that fall out of work schedules due to conflicts and disruptions (open time trips). These open time trips, combined with expected levels of voluntary and involuntary flying, affect reserve staffing levels; airlines must plan crew staffing in advance to meet resulting training and new-hire requirements. Inefficient operational reserve utilization can further affect long-range crew staffing, resulting in higher training and new-hire costs. The proposed optimization strategy to estimate long-range crew staffing combines operational reserve utilization and premium operational costs due to voluntary and involuntary flying with long-range business needs.
A new broadly tunable room-temperature continuous-wave Cr^2+:ZnS_xSe_1-x laser (2005)

We report the first room temperature continuous-wave ceramic Cr:ZnSo.42Seo,58 laser, tunable over 560 nm around 2.4 μm, at 50 mW output power and 24 % slope efficiency, pumped by Co:MgF2 laser at 1.67 μm.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Fibroblasts Isolated from Common Sites of Breast Cancer Metastasis Enhance Cancer Cell Growth Rates and Invasiveness in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Fibroblasts Isolated from Common Sites of Breast Cancer Metastasis Enhance Cancer Cell Growth Rates and Invasiveness in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner
Abstract 413: Different Effects Of Organic Nitrates On Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilisation And Endothelial Function In Patients With Established Coronary Artery Disease (2008)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) contribute to vascular homeostasis and are in part regulated by nitric oxide (NO). Reduced levels and impaired function of EPC contribute to vascular dysfunction ...
Host lattices and superionic properties inβ- and β’’-alumina. II. Homogeneity ranges and conductivities (1986)

From structural results previously reported the equilibrium conditions for ion-ion correlations in \ensuremath{\beta}-alumina are obtained. This provides a theoretical confirmation of the Beevers-Ross--mid-oxygen (BR-mO) model stability which whatever is the composition (1(5/3)) reveals itself to correspond to a lower energy than the BR--anti-BR (BR-aBR) model as indicated by experimental results. Under these conditions \ensuremath{\beta}''-alumina appears as a further lowering of energy by a polarization of the host lattice by the conducting ions. This model is used to calculate the respective homogeneity range of \ensuremath{\beta}-alumina 1.00--1.56 ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ formula unit (fu) and of \ensuremath{\beta}''-alumina 1.56--1.66 ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$/fu in agreement again with experimental results. Ion-rich \ensuremath{\beta}-alumina (\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.60 ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$/fu) appears to be a quenched metastable phase. The model also establishes that concentrations \ensuremath{\rho}&gt;(5/3) cannot be reached because they should require much too high energies. Path probability method is used as a basis for the interpretation of the conductivity equation which solves in a simple model for \ensuremath{\beta}-alumina in agreement with published results. For \ensuremath{\beta}''-alumina the structural change observed in the temperature range 300--600 K is driven by the progressive destruction of a two-dimensional antiferroelectric order. This results in a two terms activation energy: a temperature-independent hopping term and a dissociation term whose temperature dependence is parametrized by the coherence-length variation.