gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodular Penicillin-Binding Proteins: An Enigmatic Family of Orthologs and Paralogs (1998)

The monofunctional penicillin-binding DD-peptidases and penicillin-hydrolyzing serine beta-lactamases diverged from a common ancestor by the acquisition of structural changes in the polypeptide chain while retaining the same folding, three-motif amino acid sequence signature, serine-assisted catalytic mechanism, and active-site topology. Fusion events gave rise to multimodular penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The acyl serine transferase penicillin-binding (PB) module possesses the three active-site defining motifs of the superfamily; it is linked to the carboxy end of a non-penicillin-binding (n-PB) module through a conserved fusion site; the two modules form a single polypeptide chain which folds on the exterior of the plasma membrane and is anchored by a transmembrane spanner; and the full-size PBPs cluster into two classes, A and B. In the class A PBPs, the n-PB modules are a continuum of diverging sequences; they possess a five-motif amino acid sequence signature, and conserved dicarboxylic amino acid residues are probably elements of the glycosyl transferase catalytic center. The PB modules fall into five subclasses: A1 and A2 in gram-negative bacteria and A3, A4, and A5 in gram-positive bacteria. The full-size class A PBPs combine the required enzymatic activities for peptidoglycan assembly from lipid-transported disaccharide-peptide units and almost certainly prescribe different, PB-module specific traits in peptidoglycan cross-linking. In the class B PBPs, the PB and n-PB modules cluster in a concerted manner. A PB module of subclass B2 or B3 is linked to an n-PB module of subclass B2 or B3 in gram-negative bacteria, and a PB module of subclass B1, B4, or B5 is linked to an n-PB module of subclass B1, B4, or B5 in gram-positive bacteria. Class B PBPs are involved in cell morphogenesis. The three motifs borne by the n-PB modules are probably sites for module-module interaction and the polypeptide stretches which extend between motifs 1 and 2 are sites for protein-protein interaction. The full-size class B PBPs are an assortment of orthologs and paralogs, which prescribe traits as complex as wall expansion and septum formation. PBPs of subclass B1 are unique to gram-positive bacteria. They are not essential, but they represent an important mechanism of resistance to penicillin among the enterococci and staphylococci. Natural evolution and PBP- and beta-lactamase-mediated resistance show that the ability of the catalytic centers to adapt their properties to new situations is limitless. Studies of the reaction pathways by using the methods of quantum chemistry suggest that resistance to penicillin is a road of no return.
High-Performance Personalized Heartbeat Classification Model for Long-Term ECG Signal (2016)

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) has become one of the important diagnostic assist methods in clinical cardiovascular domain. Long-term ECG is primarily used for the detection of various cardiovascular diseases that are caused by various cardiac arrhythmia such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. In the past few years, the development of an automatic heartbeat classification method has been a challenge. With the accumulation of medical data, personalized heartbeat classification of a patient has become possible. For the long-term data accumulation method, such as the holter, it is difficult to obtain the analysis results in a short time using the original method of serial design. The pressure to develop a personalized automatic classification model is high. To solve these challenges, this paper implemented a parallel general regression neural network (GRNN) to classify the heartbeat, and achieved a 95% accuracy according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. We designed an online learning program to form a personalized classification model for patients. The achieved accuracy of the model is 88% compared to the specific ECG data of the patients. The efficiency of the parallel GRNN with GTX780Ti can improve by 450 times.
Herbicide safener-inducible gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)

The potential use of a new chemical-inducible gene expression system in Arabidopsis thaliana has been examined. The system is based on the maize In2-2 promoter which is activated by benzenesulfonamide herbicide safeners. Plants transformed with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene under the control of the In2-2 promoter were grown in the presence of different safeners and the induced GUS activity pattern was studied histochemically. In the absence of safeners, the In2-2 promoter was not active. Application of different safeners induced distinct gus expression patterns, including expression in the root, hydathodes, and the shoot apical meristem. Plants maintained continuously on inducing concentrations of the safeners were retarded in growth. The growth inhibition effects of the Sa5 safener could be overcome in a sulfonylurea-resistant background. In2-2 promoter activity could also be induced by the sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron. In the sulfonylurea-resistant background, which derives from herbicide-resistant acetolactate synthase activity, induction of the In2-2 promoter by chlorsulfuron was lower. Furthermore, branched-chain amino acids, known to inhibit acetolactate synthase activity, also induced In2-2 promoter activity. Our data suggest a strong correlation between In2-2 expression and inhibition of the acetolactate synthase activity.
MATERIALS FOR THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS. Final Report (1961)

The solidification and electronic characteristics of CdSb, ZnSb, and alloys of the system Zn/sub x/,Cd/(sub 1-x)/Sb were studied for application to thermoelectric devices. Complex phase relations limited the study of ZnSb which could not readily be prepared in single phase form. CdSb single crystals were prepared and pertinent electronic data were obtained. Infrared absorption in the direction of single crystal samples of CdSb gave a value for the energy gap at room temperature for indirect transitions of 0.45 ev with a temperature variation of -6 x 10/sup -4/ev/ deg K. From resistivity, Hall coefficient, and Seebeck coefficient data, the energy gap at 0 deg K was calculated to be 0.57 ev the mobility ratio 0.9, and the hole effective mass was found to increase with temperature from 0.2 to 0.38 between 100 deg K and 300 deg K. The conductivity was found to be anisotropic, the three principal conductivities being the ratio sigma /sub 010/: sigma /sub 100/: sigma /sub 001/ = 1.45: 1.00. The phase relations between ZnSb and CdSb also showed metastable-stable reactions. In the metastable system the section Zn/sub x/Cd/sub(1-x)/ Sb showed a eutectic at about Zn/sub 0.1/:Cd/sub 0.9/Sb. No eutectic was observed in the stablemore » but complete miscibility of ZnSb and CdSb was not definitely observed. (auth)« less
Final Session (2019)

Abstract In this final session, the patient reviews the skills learned in the treatment program and looks at his or her overall progress. The patient is encouraged to very deliberately keep practicing the skills learned in therapy over the next several months (or as long as necessary), and, if they run into problems, they are advised to call the therapist for a booster session. There may be times in the future when it feels as though the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are coming back or seem to be worsening. This might happen at times of stress or maybe during times of change. Moving, getting a new job, getting married, having babies, children moving out, and children getting married are all generally happy times, but they can be stressful. The patient’s body has learned to react to extreme stress with PTSD symptoms, and he or she may notice some of these symptoms in the future. It does not mean that they are relapsing, but does mean that they need to pay attention.
The WMD Coverage of Blogs and Mainstream Media:A comparison of two Media Types (2007)

This study analyzes coverage of Iranian and North Korean weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by blogs and mainstream media, examining how the two types of media deal with international news, based on the theoretical framework of second-level intermedia agenda-setting. Attribute agendas of blogs are found to be positively correlated with the mainstream attribute agendas with regard to the issue of WMD coverage. The results indicate that despite many distinct characteristics, blogs cover international news in ways very similar to mainstream media.
Activation of the Dunaliella acidophila Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase by Trypsin Cleavage of a Fragment That Contains a Phosphorylation Site (1994)

Trypsin treatment of purified H(+)-ATPase from plasma membranes of the extreme acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila enhances ATP hydrolysis and H+ pumping activities. The activation is associated with an alkaline pH shift, an increase in Vmax, and a decrease in Km(ATP). The activation is correlated with cleavage of the 100-kD ATPase polypeptide to a fragment of approximately 85 kD and the appearance of three minor hydrophobic fragments of 7 to 8 kD, which remain associated with the major 85-kD polypeptide. The N-terminal sequence of the small fragments has partial homology to residues 713 to 741 of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases. Incubation of cells with 32P-labeled orthophosphate (32Pi) results in incorporation of 32P into the ATPase 100-kD polypeptide. Trypsin treatment of the 32Pi-labeled ATPase leads to complete elimination of label from the approximately 85-kD polypeptide. Cleavage of the phosphorylated enzyme with endoproteinase Glu-C (V-8) yields a phosphorylated 12-kD fragment. Peptide mapping comparison between the 100-kD and the trypsinized 85-kD polypeptides shows that the 12-kD fragment is derived from the trypsin-cleaved part of the enzyme. The N-terminal sequence of the 12-kD fragment closely resembles a C-terminal stretch of an ATPase from another Dunaliella species. It is suggested that trypsin activation of the D. acidophila plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase results from elimination of an autoinhibitory domain at the C-terminal end of the enzyme that carries a vicinal phosphorylation site.
MNGO-21GENOTYPING OF MENINGIOMA BY TARGETED AMPLICON SEQUENCING USING MiSeq (2015)

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors, accounting for about 27% of all intracranial tumors. Loss of Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) is found in about half of sporadic meningiomas, and recently, mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO are reported in non-NF2 meningioma. To establish practical genotyping methods, we performed targeted amplicon sequencing with 45 meningioma specimens and evaluated the association with clinicopathological features. METHODS: Frozen samples of 45 meningiomas were fixed with PAXgene Tissue System (QIAGEN) and embedded in paraffin (PFPE). Amplicon sequencing panel targeted NF2, TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1 and SMO were designed by GeneRead Mix-n-Match panel and Custom panel (QIAGEN). Genomic DNA was extracted from PFPE tissues and libraries were prepared using GeneRead DNAseq Targeted Panels V2 (QIAGEN). The libraries were sequenced by the MiSeq (Illumina). The raw read data obtained from amplicon sequencing were processed by GeneRead Panel Variant Calling service for analysis of mutations and copy number alterations (CNA). RESULTS: Thirty three cases (73%) harbored NF2 loss, in which 20 cases (61%) simultaneously carried NF2 mutation. Mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO were observed in 6 (13 %), 4 (9 %), 2 (4 %) and 0 (0%) cases, respectively. Altogether, 40 of 45 case (89 %) carried at least one or more gene alteration including mutations in 5 genes listed above and NF2 loss. Result of genotyping was correlated with histological subtypes as follows. All of nine fibrous meningiomas carried NF2 loss, while all of 4 meningiomas with secretory component carried both TRAF7 and KLF4 mutations. A case of chordoid meningioma harbored only AKT1-E17K mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Here we established the clinical sequence system for meningioma by targeted amplicon sequencing with desktop sequencer in which we demonstrated favorable results for CNAs as well as mutations.
Distinct Physiologic and Inflammatory Responses Elicited in Baboons after Challenge with Shiga Toxin Type 1 or 2 from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (2010)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a principal source of regional outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the United States and worldwide. Primary bacterial virulence factors are Shiga toxin types 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2), and we performed parallel analyses of the pathophysiologies elicited by the toxins in nonhuman primate models to identify shared and unique consequences of the toxemias. After a single intravenous challenge with purified Stx1 or Stx2, baboons (Papio) developed thrombocytopenia, anemia, and acute renal failure with loss of glomerular function, in a dose-dependent manner. Differences in the timing and magnitude of physiologic responses were observed between the toxins. The animals were more sensitive to Stx2, with mortality at lower doses, but Stx2-induced renal injury and mortality were delayed 2 to 3 days compared to those after Stx1 challenge. Multiplex analyses of plasma inflammatory cytokines revealed similarities (macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) and differences (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) elicited by the toxins with respect to the mediator induced and timing of the responses. Neither toxin induced detectable levels of plasma TNF-alpha. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the in vivo consequences of the toxins have been compared in a parallel and reproducible manner in nonhuman primates, and the data show similarities to patient observations. The availability of experimental nonhuman primate models for Stx toxemias provides a reproducible platform for testing antitoxin compounds and immunotherapeutics with outcome criteria that have clinical meaning.
Effect of the Degree of Phosphate Substitution in Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant on the Adsorption of Phosphorylated Proteins (2003)

Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was pretreated with six concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to produce a series of adjuvants with various degrees of phosphate substitution for surface hydroxyl. The adsorption of three phosphorylated proteins (alpha casein, dephosphorylated alpha casein, and ovalbumin) by the phosphate-treated aluminum hydroxide adjuvants was studied. The phosphorylated proteins were adsorbed by ligand exchange of phosphate for hydroxyl even when an electrostatic repulsive force was present. However, the extent (adsorptive capacity) and strength (adsorptive coefficient) of adsorption was inversely related to the degree of phosphate substitution of the aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Exposure of vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and phosphorylated antigens to phosphate ion in the formulation or during manufacture should be minimized to produce maximum adsorption of the antigen.
The Austrian States (2011)

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Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Insecticides Used on Citrus, on the Ectoparasitoid Tamarixia radiata (2015)

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a disease associated with the bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter spp." and has been devastating citrus orchards around the world. Its management involves control of the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. However, the indiscriminate use of chemicals has caused pest outbreaks and eliminated the natural enemies of the vector, such as the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston), the main agent for biological control of D. citri. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides recommended for integrated production of citrus on the parasitoid T. radiata. When adult parasitoids were exposed to residues of 25 insecticides, 20% of them, i.e., gamma-cyhalothrin, etofenprox, azadirachtin, tebufenozide and pyriproxyfen, were considered as harmless (Class 1), 12% as slightly harmful (Class 2), 12% as moderately harmful (Class 3) and 56% as harmful (Class 4), according to the classification proposed by the IOBC/WPRS. Afterward, 14 insecticides (5 harmless and 9 harmful) were sprayed on the parasitoid pupae. Of the 14 insecticides tested, only the organophosphates dimethoate and chlorpyrifos affected the parasitoid emergence. The effects of insecticides on the parasitism capacity of adults exposed to residues of azadirachtin, etofenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen and tebufenozide (harmless) were also evaluated. Tebufenozide and gamma-cyhalothrin affected the parasitism of the F0 generation, but did not affect the emergence of the F1 and F2 generations. Therefore, for an effective IPM program, selective insecticides or harmful pesticides to adult parasitoids could be used in the field, provided that the adults do not occur naturally and the chemical applications do not coincide with parasitoid releases.
Numerical simulations of composite supernova remnants for smallσpulsar wind nebulae (2013)

Context. Composite supernova remnants consist of a pulsar wind nebula located inside a shell-type remnant. The presence of a shell has implications on the evolution of the nebula, although the converse is generally not true.
Supplementary Table 2 from Phosphoprotein Pathway Mapping: Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activation Is Negatively Associated with Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Survival (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Phosphoprotein Pathway Mapping: Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activation Is Negatively Associated with Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Survival
FabT, a Bacterial Transcriptional Repressor That Limits Futile Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (2022)

Phospholipids are vital membrane constituents that determine cell functions and interactions with the environment. For bacterial pathogens, rapid adjustment of phospholipid composition to changing conditions during infection can be crucial for growth and survival. Fatty acid synthesis (FASII) regulators are central to this process. This review puts the spotlight on FabT, a MarR-family regulator of FASII characterized in streptococci, enterococci, and lactococci. Roles of FabT in virulence, as reported in mouse and nonhuman primate infection models, will be discussed. We present FabT structure, the FabT regulon, and changes in FabT regulation according to growth conditions. A unique feature of FabT concerns its modulation by an unconventional corepressor, acyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP). Some bacteria express two ACP proteins, which are distinguished by their interactions with endogenous or exogenous fatty acid sources, one of which causes strong FabT repression. This system seems to allow preferred use of environmental fatty acids, thereby saving energy by limiting futile FASII activity. Control of <i>fabT</i> expression and FabT activity link various metabolic pathways to FASII. The various physiological consequences of FabT loss summarized here suggest that FabT has potential as a narrow range therapeutic target.
Design of an In-situ microscope for selective laser sintering (2022)

The phenomena responsible particle fusion during selective laser sintering (SLS) have been modeled, but attempts at experimental validation have been limited to unrealistic conditions compared to those used in commercial SLS processes. We have designed, implemented, and tested an instrument that is capable of performing in situ microscopy to image particle-scale dynamics of the SLS process at realistic scan speeds, temperatures, and gas environments. The instrument uses a combination of purchased and manufactured components to capture video at length scales of ∼1 µm and timescales of ∼1 ms. Spatial and temporal calibration is performed so that the laser position can be mapped onto the recorded video. Results show that laser melting of polymer is accompanied by particle rearrangement that occurs over an extended time (∼10 ms) after the laser scans a particular location. The findings highlight the importance of performing in situ microscopy under realistic conditions for SLS.
Digitale Regelung (1983)

Der Analogregler ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß seine Ein- und Ausgangssignale analoge Größen sind. Der Regelalgorithmus wird durch physikalische Maßnahmen wie Bimetallschalter oder analoge elektronische Schaltungen realisiert. Die i. a. variablen Eingangsgrößen liegen ständig am Reglereingang an; ebenso stehen die Ausgangsgrößen ständig am Reglerausgang zur Verfügung. Ferner reagiert der Regler sofort auf die Eingangssignale gemäß seinem Regelalgorithmus; Verzögerungen treten nur insoweit auf, als sie durch den Algorithmus bedingt sind.
An experimental study on the noise properties of x-ray CT sinogram data in Radon space (2008)

Computed tomography (CT) has been well established as a diagnostic tool through hardware optimization and sophisticated data calibration. For screening purposes, the associated x-ray exposure risk must be minimized. An effective way to minimize the risk is to deliver fewer x-rays to the subject or lower the mAs parameter in data acquisition. This will increase the data noise. This work aims to study the noise property of the calibrated or preprocessed sinogram data in Radon space as the mAs level decreases. An anthropomorphic torso phantom was scanned repeatedly by a commercial CT imager at five different mAs levels from 100 down to 17 (the lowest value provided by the scanner). The preprocessed sinogram datasets were extracted from the CT scanner to a laboratory computer for noise analysis. The repeated measurements at each mAs level were used to test the normality of the repeatedly measured samples for each data channel using the Shapiro-Wilk statistical test merit. We further studied the probability distribution of the repeated measures. Most importantly, we validated a theoretical relationship between the sample mean and variance at each channel. It is our intention that the statistical test and particularly the relationship between the first and second statistical moments will improve low-dose CT image reconstruction for screening applications.
Advanced shallow trench isolation to suppress the inverse narrow channel effects for 0.24 μm pitch isolation and beyond (2002)

A novel shallow trench isolation (STI) technique named Poly-Si-Buffered-mask STI (PB-STI) using the SiN/poly-Si/SiO/sub 2/ stacked mask has been proposed. The poly-Si is oxidized at the step of liner oxidation and then a "small bird's beak" is grown. With small bird's beak formation the oxide recess at the trench edge is prevented and the fringing of electric-field from the gate electrode can be effectively avoided. PB-STI can completely suppress the inverse narrow channel effect with quite simple process sequence which includes no corner implantation.
High Density Optical Recording on Dye Material Discs: An Approach for Achieving 4.7 GB Density (1997)

High density optical media is proposed together with a recording method for achieving a density of 4.7 GB per single 12 cm diameter disc at a recording speed of 3.5 m/s.
RELIABILITY OF Pt/Co MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK WITH A SIMPLE STRUCTURE (1993)

The reliability of a Pt/Co Magneto-Optical disk with a simplified structure (poly-carbonate/ZnO/PtCo/UV resin) was examined with accelerated tests. After aging for 2000 hours at 80°C with 85% RH, Carrier to noise ratio was scarcely lowered, while the value of block error rate increased because of extra noise which was produced by local defects. The defects did not seem to be pin-holes as seen in the case of rare earth-transition metal alloy films. According to the Arrhenius plots of accelerated tests, the life time of the disk is estimated to be more than 10 years at room temperature.