gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binocular Depth Perception without Familiarity Cues (1964)

The reported phenomena were obtained through the use of special techniques. (i) All monocular depth and familiarity cues were removed from the stimuli (through the use of randomdot stereo patterns). (ii) The statistical and topological properties of the stimuli were precisely known (since they were generated according to a specific computer program). (iii) Convergence motions of the eye and proprioceptive cues were eliminated (through the use of tachistoscopic illumination). (iv) The time of presentation was under control (through erasure of the persistent afterimages). Under these conditions stereopsis could be studied in its purest form. It was shown that depth can be perceived in the absence of monocular depth and familiarity cues and of all binocular depth cues except for disparity. These findings have important implications for some existing theories of stereopsis and open up areas for further research. Some phenomena based on stereo erasure are reported here for the first time. It has been demonstrated that the perception of ambiguous depth organizations can be influenced, even subliminally, by a preceding unambiguous stimulus. Perhaps the most interesting result is the finding that the correspondence of objects and patterns in the two retinal projections can be established without actual recognition of the objects and patterns. This pattern matching is based on some relatively simple processes of finding connected clusters formed by adjacent points of similar brightness, and the processes seem to be amenable to rigorous analysis.
Sea Bed Logging (SBL), a remote resistivity sensing technique for in hydrocarbon exploration (2003)

Remote resistivity sensing of buried resistive layers within conductive sediments, a concept called Sea Bed Logging (SBL), has been proven successfully by several surveys. A survey carried out offshore Angola proved to be ideal for the SBL technique due to large water depths, short distances from the sea floor to the reservoirs and high resistivity contrasts between the overburden and the hydrocarbon bearing zones. Another survey over the Ormen Lange gas field, offshore Norway, demonstrated that the technique has high potential also in more adverse areas with rough sea floor topography, rather large distance from the seafloor down to the reservoir and relatively low hydrocarbon saturation (low resistivity).
Fine Mapping of a Major Backfat QTL Reveals a Causal Regulatory Variant Affecting the CCND2 Gene (2022)

Backfat is an important trait in pork production, and it has been included in the breeding objectives of genetic companies for decades. Although adipose tissue is a good energy storage, excessive fat results in reduced efficiency and economical losses. A large QTL for backfat thickness on chromosome 5 is still segregating in different commercial pig breeds. We fine mapped this QTL region using a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) with 133,358 genotyped animals from five commercial populations (Landrace, Pietrain, Large White, Synthetic, and Duroc) imputed to the porcine 660K SNP chip. The lead SNP was located at 5:66103958 (G/A) within the third intron of the <i>CCND2</i> gene, with the G allele associated with more backfat, while the A allele is associated with less backfat. We further phased the QTL region to discover a core haplotype of five SNPs associated with low backfat across three breeds. Linkage disequilibrium analysis using whole-genome sequence data revealed three candidate causal variants within intronic regions and downstream of the <i>CCND2</i> gene, including the lead SNP. We evaluated the association of the lead SNP with the expression of the genes in the QTL region (including <i>CCND2</i>) in a large cohort of 100 crossbred samples, sequenced in four different tissues (lung, spleen, liver, muscle). Results show that the A allele increases the expression of <i>CCND2</i> in an additive way in three out of four tissues. Our findings indicate that the causal variant for this QTL region is a regulatory variant within the third intron of the <i>CCND2</i> gene affecting the expression of <i>CCND2</i>.
Enhanced Internet firewall design using stateful filters final report (1997)

The current state-of-the-art in firewall design provides a lot of security for company networks, but normally at the expense of performance and/or functionality. Sandia researched a new approach to firewall design which incorporates a highly stateful approach, allowing much more flexibility for protocol checking and manipulation while retaining performance. A prototype system was built and multiple protocol policy modules implemented to test the concept. The resulting system, though implemented on a low-power workstation, performed almost at the same performance as Sandia`s current firewall.
A Comparison of Computer-Based Anatomic Registration Techniques in TKA: CAS and Customized Instrumentation (2012)

Introduction Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is a tool developed to allow accurate limb and implant alignment in TKA. The strength of the technology is that it allows the surgeon to assess soft tissue balance and ligament laxity in flexion and extension. The accuracy of this ligament balancing technology depends upon an accurate determination of femoral component size. This size is established with intraoperative surface registration techniques. Customized instrumentation (CI) is a measured resection technique in which component size is established on preoperative 3D MRI reconstructions. The purpose of this study is to determine how these two computer-based technologies compare with regard to the accuracy with which femoral component size is established in TKA. Methods 67 TKA were performed using CI and 30 TKA were performed using CAS by a single surgeon. CI-predicted and CAS-predicted femoral component size were compared to actual component selection. The process by which CI and CAS perform an anatomic registration was evaluated. Results The CI and CAS systems accurately predicted surgeon-selected femoral component size in 89% and 43% of cases, respectively (p Discussion The CI system was both more accurate and more precise than the CAS navigation system in predicting femoral component size in TKA. CI utilizes preoperative MR imaging to generate femoral component sizing based on optimizing medial-lateral fit with a measured posterior femoral bone resection. CAS utilizes surface registration techniques based on anatomic site registration that may be subject to intraoperative measurement error due to difficult visualization (femoral epicondyles), inherent subjectivity (Whiteside9s line) or anatomic variation (hypoplastic posterior condyles). CI bases implant sizing solely on reproducing an anatomical fit and a measured resection technique, whereas CAS attempts to balance an anatomic fit with optimal soft tissue balancing. In this study, the surgeon9s final component selection was more likely to be in accordance with the CI rather than the CAS sizing algorithm. This study suggests that intraoperative surface registration may not be as accurate as preoperative 3D MRI reconstructions for establishing optimal femoral component sizing. Surgeons using intraoperative navigation based surface registration need to be aware of this when they are making femoral component size selection, establishing ligament balance, and determining femoral rotation.
Effects of intramammary arterial infusion of essential amino acids in the lactating goat (1974)

Summary Experiments were performed on 3 lactating goats, in which mammary arterial plasma amino-acid concentrations were elevated by the infusion of a solution of essential amino-acids into the carotid artery supplying a transplanted mammary gland. In 2 experiments there were marked elevations in the arterial concentrations of most essential amino acids, but in one case only did this result in significantly increased uptake of amino acids by the gland, the arterio-venous difference being significantly correlated with arterial concentration for all except one amino acid. In the experiment in which increased amino-acid uptake was observed, infusion also resulted in a significantly increased milk yield and increased milk protein yield. The results are discussed in relation to data from other laboratories and lead to the suggestion that milk protein synthesis may be limited by the availability of either methionine or tryptophan.
Robust Selection of Cancer Survival Signatures from High-Throughput Genomic Data Using Two-Fold Subsampling (2014)

Identifying relevant signatures for clinical patient outcome is a fundamental task in high-throughput studies. Signatures, composed of features such as mRNAs, miRNAs, SNPs or other molecular variables, are often non-overlapping, even though they have been identified from similar experiments considering samples with the same type of disease. The lack of a consensus is mostly due to the fact that sample sizes are far smaller than the numbers of candidate features to be considered, and therefore signature selection suffers from large variation. We propose a robust signature selection method that enhances the selection stability of penalized regression algorithms for predicting survival risk. Our method is based on an aggregation of multiple, possibly unstable, signatures obtained with the preconditioned lasso algorithm applied to random (internal) subsamples of a given cohort data, where the aggregated signature is shrunken by a simple thresholding strategy. The resulting method, RS-PL, is conceptually simple and easy to apply, relying on parameters automatically tuned by cross validation. Robust signature selection using RS-PL operates within an (external) subsampling framework to estimate the selection probabilities of features in multiple trials of RS-PL. These probabilities are used for identifying reliable features to be included in a signature. Our method was evaluated on microarray data sets from neuroblastoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer patients, extracting robust and relevant signatures for predicting survival risk. Signatures obtained by our method achieved high prediction performance and robustness, consistently over the three data sets. Genes with high selection probability in our robust signatures have been reported as cancer-relevant. The ordering of predictor coefficients associated with signatures was well-preserved across multiple trials of RS-PL, demonstrating the capability of our method for identifying a transferable consensus signature. The software is available as an R package rsig at CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org).
Vaginal Lactobacilli for Mucosal Delivery of the Anti-HIV Microbicide, Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) (2005)

Results A human vaginal isolate of Lactobacillus jensenii was engineered, by stable integration of an optimized expression cassette into the bacterial genome, to secrete high levels of the highly potent HIV inhibitor, CV-N. The L. jenseniiexpressed CV-N dramatically decreases infectivity of CCR5-tropic HIVBaL and CXCR4-tropic HIVIIIB in vitro. We further demonstrate that this strain is genetically stable and can transiently colonize animal vaginal mucosa, while retaining important characteristics of the native bacterial phenotype.
Unique calibration of passive air sampling for field monitoring of PAHs with polyethylene thin films across seasons and locations (2021)

For better insight into passive air sampling, we monitored PAHs with PE sheets during 8 seasons at 3 locations. A numerical model was applied to fit the limiting air-side boundary layer, which was surprisingly stable around 1 mm in all locations.
Development of a testbed for multisensor distributed decision algorithms. (1985)

Distributed decision problems arise when two or more sensors viewing the same phenomenon must work cooperatively to draw inferences about the observed situation. Typical examples are in target detection and target classification. Such problems are characterized by distributed processing of information and communication between processors over a limited bandwidth data link. This thesis presents some statistical distributed decision algorithms and describes the implementation of one of them on a set of loosely coupled multiprocessor clusters which simulate the distributed environment characterizing multisensor decision problems. Keywords include: Distributed Decision Processing; Computer Network; Microcomputer Clusters; Process Synchronization; and Network Communication. (Theses)
The Mac-2 antigen is a galactose-specific lectin that binds IgE. (1989)

A cDNA encoding the Mac-2 antigen, a surface marker highly expressed by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, has been cloned by immunoscreening of a lambda gt11-P388D1 expression library. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA is identical to that of carbohydrate-binding protein 35, a galactose-specific lectin found in fibroblasts and highly homologous to a rat IgE-binding protein from basophilic leukemia cells. The in vitro synthesized Mac-2 protein displayed the expected carbohydrate- and IgE-binding properties. By pulse-chase analysis and subcellular fractionation studies, the Mac-2 protein was found in the cytosol but was also seen to accumulate in the extracellular medium. The latter finding was surprising in view of the fact that the cDNA did not encode a signal peptide or transmembrane domain. An alternatively spliced cDNA with the potential to encode a NH2 terminally extended Mac-2 protein with a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at its NH2 terminus was also found, but it is not clear whether it is the source of the extracellular Mac-2. Possible functions for the Mac-2 protein based on its lectin- and IgE-binding properties are discussed.
Effect of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles on the Susceptibility of the Lung to Infection (2001)

Vincent Castranova, Jane Y. C. Ma, Hui-Min Yang, Jim M. Antonini, Leon Butterworth, Mark W. Barger, Jenny Roberts, Joseph K. H. Ma, Effect of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles on the Susceptibility of the Lung to Infection, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, Supplement 4: Inhaled Irritants and Allergens (Aug., 2001), pp. 609-612
Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes (2016)

Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that a number of mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogens are vertically transmitted in their insect vectors, providing a mechanism for these arboviruses to persist during adverse climatic conditions or in the absence of a susceptible vertebrate host. In this study, designed to test whether Zika virus (ZIKV) could be vertically transmitted, female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were injected with ZIKV, and their F<sub>1</sub> adult progeny were tested for ZIKV infection. Six of 69 Ae. aegypti pools, comprised of a total of 1,738 F<sub>1</sub> adults, yielded ZIKV upon culture, giving a minimum filial infection rate of 1:290. In contrast, none of 803 F<sub>1</sub> Ae. albopictus adults (32 pools) yielded ZIKV. The MFIR for Ae. aegypti was comparable to MFIRs reported for other flaviviruses in mosquitoes, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. The results suggest that vertical transmission may provide a potential mechanism for the virus to survive during adverse conditions.
Prevalence and Neurobehavioral Correlates of Pathological Laughing and Crying in Multiple Sclerosis (1997)

Pathological laughing and crying as distinct from emotional lability affects 1 in 10 patients with MS. It occurs in severely physically disabled patients, generally with long-standing disease. The presence of cognitive deficits relative to controls implies more extensive brain involvement.
Optimal filtering for patterned displays (2000)

Displays with repeating patterns of colored subpixels gain spatial resolution by setting individual subpixels rather than by setting entire pixels. This paper describes optimal filtering that produces subpixel values from a high-resolution input image. The optimal filtering is based on an error metric inspired by psychophysical experiments. Minimizing the error metric yields a linear system of equations, which can be expressed as a set of filters. These filters provide the same quality of font display as standard anti-aliasing at a point size 25% smaller. This optimization forms the filter design framework for Microsoft's ClearType.
Precision magnetic field sensing using a cavity optomechanical system (2019)

A broad band and sensitive magnetometry has been demonstrated by integrating a magnetostrictive material with a high Q optical microcavity. We have developed a scalable fabrication method and demonstrated quantum light enhanced optomechanical magnetometry.
Band Structures of Transition-Metal-Dichalcogenide Layer Compounds (1973)

The nonrelativistic augmented-plane-wave (APW) method is applied to calculate the electronic band structures of several transition-metal-dichalcogenide ($T{X}_{2}$) layer compounds, including materials with the $C6(1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Hf}{\mathrm{S}}_{2},1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{S}}_{2})$, $C27(2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{S}}_{2},2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2})$, and $C7(2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2})$ structure types. These calculations involve crystal potentials that are derived from neutral-atom charge densities. The results of these calculations confirm that the group-$\mathrm{IV}B$ ($1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Hf}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$) and group-$\mathrm{VI}B$ ($2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$) compounds are semiconductors; the calculated indirect band gaps of 2.7 and 1.2 eV are in reasonable agreement with the observed values of 2.0 and 1.4 eV, respectively. Metallic behavior is predicted for the intermediate group-$\mathrm{V}B$ compounds $1T\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, and $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$. A novel feature of the metal $d$ bands in the $2H\ensuremath{-}T{X}_{2}$ compounds is the occurence of a 1-eV hybridization gap within the ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ and ${d}_{xy}$, ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ manifolds. This splits off a pair of hybridized $d$ bands which are half-filled in $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ and $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ and completely filled in $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$. As a result of this hybridization gap, the valence or conduction bandwidths in each of these $2H\ensuremath{-}T{X}_{2}$ compounds are reduced to about 1 eV.
SugarBindDB, a resource of glycan-mediated host–pathogen interactions (2015)

The SugarBind Database (SugarBindDB) covers knowledge of glycan binding of human pathogen lectins and adhesins. It is a curated database; each glycan-protein binding pair is associated with at least one published reference. The core data element of SugarBindDB is a set of three inseparable components: the pathogenic agent, a lectin/adhesin and a glycan ligand. Each entity (agent, lectin or ligand) is described by a range of properties that are summarized in an entity-dedicated page. Several search, navigation and visualisation tools are implemented to investigate the functional role of glycans in pathogen binding. The database is cross-linked to protein and glycan-relaled resources such as UniProtKB and UniCarbKB. It is tightly bound to the latter via a substructure search tool that maps each ligand to full structures where it occurs. Thus, a glycan-lectin binding pair of SugarBindDB can lead to the identification of a glycan-mediated protein-protein interaction, that is, a lectin-glycoprotein interaction, via substructure search and the knowledge of site-specific glycosylation stored in UniCarbKB. SugarBindDB is accessible at: http://sugarbind.expasy.org.
A novel illuminator design in a rapid thermal processor (2001)

The instantaneous insertion of an opaque shutter between the lamp arrays and the wafer in a rapid thermal processor can significantly increase the ramp-down rate from 90 to 400/spl deg/C/s during the cooling period. This shutter can prevent the residual heating of lamp filament as well as the self-heating from the reflector due to the mirror image of the wafer. To compensate for the weak irradiation intensity close to the edge of the linear lamps, a multiplane reflector design is used to increase the uniformity of irradiation intensity in the direction along the linear lamps. The distance between the reflector plane and the linear lamp is designed to be smaller at the edge, as compared to the center, of the linear lamp. Together with two oblique reflectors at the ends of the linear lamps, a typical three-plane reflector design can increase the uniformity by 60% in a typical lamp configuration.
Selective cleavage of an azaGly peptide bond by copper(II). Long‐range effect of histidine residue (2010)

Several reports have highlighted the interest of replacing Gly, a frequent amino acid within bioactive peptides, by azaGly (Agly) to improve their stability, activity or for the design of prodrugs. Because metal catalysis is increasingly used for tailoring peptide molecules, we have studied the stability of Agly peptides in the presence of metal ions. In this study, we show that Cu(II), unlike other metal ions such as Fe(II), Fe(III), Pd(II), or Pt(II), induces the cleavage of Agly peptides at room temperature and pH 7.3. The cleavage occurred in the absence of an anchoring His residue within the peptide but it was accelerated when this amino acid was present in the sequence. The influence of His residue on the cleavage rate was minimal when His and Agly were adjacent, whereas large effects were observed for distant His residues. The reaction between Cu(II) and Agly peptides induced the formation of Cu(I) species, which could be detected using bicinchoninic acid as a probe. The nature of products formed in this reaction allowed suggesting a mechanism for the Cu(II)-induced cleavage of Agly peptides.
Causality quantification and its applications (2009)

Time series prediction is an important issue in a wide range of areas. There are various real world processes whose states vary continuously, and those processes may have influences on each other. If the past information of one process X improves the predictability of another process Y, X is said to have a causal influence on Y. In order to make good predictions, it is necessary to identify the appropriate causal relationships. In addition, the processes to be modeled may include symbolic data as well as numerical data. Therefore, it is important to deal with symbolic and numerical time series seamlessly when attempting to detect causality.
The effect of radiofrequency on sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid cancer cell (2010)

Objective To investigate the effect of radiofrequency on sodium/iodide symporter expression in thyroid cancer cell. Methods 29 thyroid cancer patients with low or no expression of sodium/iodide symporter underwent radiofrequency ablation combining 131I radiotherapy. Whole-body nuclide imaging and serum Ig were examined before and after radiofrequency ablation. Results Whole-body nuclide imaging showed that there were 4 cases (4/29) positive before radiofrequency ablation, 19 cases (19/29) positive two weeks after radiofrequency ablation and 12 cases (12/29) positive four weeks after radiofrequency ablation. Four weeks after radiofrequency ablation, 4 cases showed an increased serum Ig level, 17 cases with a decreased serum Ig level and 17 cases without any change in serum Ig level. The total effective cases were 25 (25/29) and 15 cases (15/29) were completely cured. Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation induces thyroid cancer cells without sodium/iodide symporter expression to resume iodine intake and thus increased clinical effect of 131I on undifferentiated thyroid cancer.

Key words: 
Thyroid carcinoma; Radiofrequency ablation; Sodium/iodide symporter