gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methodology for Numerical Simulation With Cycle-Dependent Relative Permeabilities (1998)

Summary Multiphase flow involving saturation oscillations should be modeled with history-dependent, relative permeability functions. Earlier approaches have been based on two-phase flow. The main assumptions have been that the imbibition process is reversible. Moreover, scanning curves were developed only for saturations between some extreme values. Several tertiary oil recovery processes have shown cycle-dependent hysteresis for relative permeability. When saturation oscillations occur during three-phase flow such as water alternating gas (WAG), the two-phase hysteresis models will generally not be able to describe relative permeabilities obtained from corefloods. For three-phase flow, local hysteresis effects may also be important. New relative permeability representations that account for local hysteresis effects are presented. Hysteresis models for both wetting and nonwetting phase permeabilities have been developed. The new models account for reduced mobility and irreversible hysteresis loops during three-phase flow. The models depend on the initial saturation at the start of the given process. An algorithm is presented for implementing the nonwetting phase hysteresis model in a numerical simulator. The new three-phase models use experimental wetting and nonwetting relative permeabilities as input, and knowledge of relations between maximum nonwetting saturation and trapped nonwetting saturation.
AAV-mediated gene therapy for hemophilia. (2003)

Gene therapy for hemophilia has been contemplated since the coagulation Factor genes responsible for the disease were cloned 20 years ago. Multiple approaches towards the delivery of Factors VIII or IX, the defective genes in the most common forms of hemophilia, have resulted in positive results in animals, and largely equivocal results in human clinical testing. Use of vectors based on adeno-associated virus has led to robust and sustained cures in hemophilic mice and dogs, and intriguing preliminary results in small or ongoing clinical trials. As more clinical experience is gained, solving delivery issues will be of paramount importance and will lead to more clinical success. This success will permit hemophilia to be cured following a single injection of the normal gene.
Hybrid planar-graded heterojunction for organic photovoltaics (2023)

Disclosed herein are organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices comprising at least one hybrid planar-graded heterojunction. In particular, organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices are disclosed having two electrodes (110), (150) in superposed relation, a graded heterojunction layer (130) located between the two electrodes, and at least one photoactive layer (120), (140) adjacent to and interfacing with the graded heterojunction layer.
Investigation of Porosity and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Reinforced AlSi10 Mg by Selective Laser Melting (2017)

Graphene possesses many outstanding properties, such as high strength and light weight, making it an ideal reinforcement for metal matrix composite (MMCs). Meanwhile, fabricating MMCs through laser-assisted additive manufacturing (LAAM) has attracted much attention in recent years due to the advantages of low waste, high precision, short production lead time, and high flexibility. In this study, graphene-reinforced aluminum alloy AlSi10 Mg is fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM), a typical LAAM technique. Composite powders are prepared using high-energy ball milling. Room temperature tensile tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy observations are conducted to investigate the microstructure and fracture surface of obtain composite. It is found that adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) significantly increases porosity, which offsets the enhancement of tensile performance as a result of GNPs addition. Decoupling effort is then made to separate the potential beneficial effects from GNPs addition and the detrimental effect from porosity increase. For this purpose, the quantitative relationship between porosity and material strength is obtained. Taking into consideration the strength reduction caused by the increased porosity, the strengthening effect of GNPs turns out to be significant, which reaches 60.2 MPa.
Impaired migration of NOD mouse thymocytes: a fibronectin receptor‐related defect (2004)

We previously showed intrathymic alterations in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, including the appearance of giant perivascular spaces, filled with mature thymocytes, intermingled with an extracellular matrix network. This raised the hypothesis of a defect in thymocyte migration with partial arrest of exiting thymocytes in the perivascular spaces. Herein, we investigated the expression of receptors for fibronectin [very late antigen (VLA)-4 and VLA-5] and laminin (VLA-6), known to play a role in thymocyte migration. When compared with two normal and one other autoimmune mouse strains, a decrease of VLA-5 expression in NOD thymocytes was noticed, being firstly observed in late CD4/CD8 double-negative cells, and more pronounced in mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) thymocytes. Functionally, thymocyte exit from the lymphoepithelial complexes, the thymic nurse cells, was reduced. Moreover, NOD thymocyte adhesion to thymic epithelial cells as well as to fibronectin was diminished, and so was the migration of NOD thymocytes through fibronectin-containing transwell chambers. In situ, intra-perivascular space thymocytes were VLA-5-negative, suggesting a correlation between the thymocyte arrest within these structures and loss of VLA-5 expression. Overall, our data reveal impairment in NOD thymocyte migration, and correspond to the first demonstration of a functional fibronectin receptor defect in the immune system.
Zwitterionic Polyurethane Hydrogels Derived from Carboxybetaine-Functionalized Diols (2012)

The synthesis of novel zwitterionic polyurethane hydrogels with tunable water uptake via the polymerization of protected carboxybetaine-functionalized diols with polyisocyanate oligomers is presented. Post-polymerization hydrolysis of a diol-segment side chain establishes zwitterionic carboxybetaine functionalities that facilitate water uptake via the enhanced hydration capacities surrounding the opposing charges of the diol component. Tunable hydration of these materials, ranging from 24 to 250% solution uptake (based on the dry polymer weight), is achieved by controlling the structural characteristics of the diol precursor, such as ammonium/carboxylate spacing and ethyl ester hydrolysis conditions (i.e., exposure time to an aqueous base).
Electrostatic enhancement of coalescence of water drops in oil. (2002)

Dispersed water drops in oils can cause detrimental effects. For example in refining and cracking of crude oil, poisoning of catalysts and equipment corrosion can be major problems due to the presence of water. Therefore there is a need to develop more efficient and cost-effective separators. The work in this thesis covers an investigation of the underlying electrostatic phenomena (i.e. drop-drop and drop-interface coalescence and drop deformation and break-up) leading to the development of compact electrocoalescer-separators. Using novel two-dimensional electrode systems, it is shown here that coalescence readily occurs when the electric field is applied in the same direction as the line joining the centres of the two drops, in line with the previous theoretical prediction of the maximum attractive force induced in this way. An adaptive Finite Element Method, incorporating automatic error and mesh generator programmes, has been used to quantify the electric-induced forces of charged spheres in an insulating medium, for short distances that are much smaller than the drop radius, where analytical solutions are no longer reliable. Moreover, drop-drop attraction can also occur when the angle is 125.3&amp;deg; from the electric field direction. Previous work suggests that pulsed d.c. fields are effective for low-aqueous-content systems, and this has been further investigated here. The applied electric field and pulse frequency can be optimised to achieve the highest coalescence rate. High electric fields (&gt; 3.5 kV/cm) are shown to deform and break up aqueous drops when the electric field-induced stresses overcome the interfacial tension. A critical electrostatic Weber number, corresponding to the onset of drop break-up, has been evaluated to be about 0.49 for several aqueous-oil systems. For the separation of dispersed aqueous drops from an oil phase, it is advantageous to incorporate an aqueous layer to induce drop-interface coalescence. A suitably applied electric field is shown to give efficient drop-interface coalescence. The above investigations have led to the design and development of two compact electrocoalescer-separators. The first separator combines the effects of electrocoalescence and gravitational settling. The second separator, which utilises the electrocoalescence and centrifugal effects, can handle larger throughputs with reasonable separation efficiency. Both devices significantly enhance the separation and are good examples of how the fundamental understanding gained in this studies can be applied to realistic practical situations.
Localization in wireless sensor networks under non line-of-sight propagation (2005)

This paper addresses ranging in indoor quasi-static sensor environments and presents a time-of-arrival (TOA) based ranging algorithm. A statistical model of the multipath channel in the form of the signal return and noise characterization is derived, and utilized to distinguish signal components from noise. The algorithm then uses multiple signal receptions at each base station, to differentiate between line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS components, and to accurately estimate the position of the LOS component in the received multipath signal. The location is estimated through a mathematical programming problem formulation. Using a synthesized bandwidth of 2 GHz, a 4-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and with 5-10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), range estimation with sub-meter accuracy is achieved. Furthermore, the associated range estimation error does not increase with increase in the transmitter-receiver range
Regulation of androgen receptor gene expression by steroids and retinoic acid in human breast‐cancer cells (1992)

Although the androgen receptor (AR) has been detected by ligand-binding assays, there is little known about the expression and regulation of the AR gene in human breast-cancer cells. AR mRNA, measured by Northern analysis in 18 cell lines, was found to be expressed predominantly in oestrogen- and progesterone-receptor-positive (ER+, PR+) lines as a single species of approximately 10.5 kb but was also comparatively abundant in I ER- and PR-negative cell line, MDA-MB-453. Dexamethasone (Dex), Organon 2058 (Org 2058), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) down-regulated AR mRNA levels in T-47D (ER+, PR+) cells 6 hr after treatment, whereas oestradiol (E2) had no effect. In MDA-MB-453 (ER-, PR-) cells, regulation of AR mRNA by RA differed from the other cell lines: RA increased the level of AR mRNA. DHT-binding assays indicated a corresponding increase in AR protein. Transfection of the androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumour virus long-terminal repeat (MMTV LTR) linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene was used to examine the effect of altered AR levels on androgen action. The increased level of AR following RA pre-treatment in MDA-MB-453 cells resulted in enhanced induction of CAT activity by DHT and, conversely, a decrease in the level of AR following RA pretreatment in T-47D cells resulted in reduced induction of CAT activity by DHT. These data demonstrate that AR is expressed predominantly in ER+ and PR+ cell lines and its expression is regulated by ligands also known to regulate ER or PR, including progestins and retinoids. Androgen responsiveness measured by a transfected reporter gene was altered according to the extent of up- or down-regulation of AR expression, demonstrating that responsiveness is dependent on receptor concentration.
Producción y purificación de anticuerpos aviares (IgYs) a partir de cuerpos de inclusión de una proteína recombinante central en el metabolismo del NAD (2013)

"El uso de gallinas para la producción de anticuerpos policlonales, reduce la intervención animal, obteniendo además una gran cantidad de anticuerpos. Las aves presentan mayor distancia filogenética entre sus antígenos y los de mamíferos ofreciendo altos porcentajes de anticuerpos específicos. La producción de anticuerpos requiere antígenos en cantidades considerables, por ello es creciente el uso de proteínas recombinantes para tales fines. No obstante, la obtención de proteínas en sistemas heterólogos conduce frecuentemente a la precipitación en agregados insolubles de limitada utilidad (cuerpos de inclusión). Este trabajo presenta una metodología para la producción de anticuerpos policlonales (IgYs) empleando cuerpos de inclusión (CI) como antígeno . Los CI purificados e inoculados corresponden a la Nicotinamida / Nicotinato Mononucleotido Adenililtranferasa (His - Gi NMNAT) de Giardia intestinalis expresada en Escherichia coli . La purificación del antígeno se llevó a cabo mediante solubilización y renaturalización. Los anticuerpos se purificaron de la yema de huevo de gallinas imunizadas mediante dilución en agua, seguida de precipitación con sulfato de amonio al 60% y afinidad tiofilica. Los anticuerpos fueron evaluados mediante inmunoblot empleando la proteína His - Gi NMNAT. De una yema de huevo se obtuvieron 14,4 mg de IgYs, con alta pureza y con un reconocimiento de hasta 15ng de His - Gi NMNAT. Se mejoró la especificidad de los IgYs mediante una purificación adicional por afinidad al antígeno, lo cual permitiría su empleo para el reconocimiento de la proteína del parásito."
Suboptimal medical care of patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Renal Insufficiency: results from the Korea acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (2012)

Patients with STEMI and renal insufficiency had less chance of receiving optimal medical care throughout the entire process of MI management, which may contribute to worse outcomes in these patients.
Movement-Related Cortical Stimulation Can Induce Human Motor Plasticity (2010)

Repeated paired associative stimulation combining peripheral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) can produce human motor plasticity. However, previous studies used paired artificial stimuli, so that it is not known whether repetitive natural M1 activity associated with TMS can induce plasticity or not. To test this hypothesis, we developed a movement-related cortical stimulation (MRCS) protocol, in which the left M1 was stimulated by TMS at specific timing with respect to the mean expected reaction time (RT) of voluntary movement during a simple reaction time task using the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle. Seventeen normal volunteers were subjected to repeated MRCS intervention (0.2 Hz, 240 pairs). Motor function was assessed before and after MRCS. When TMS was given 50 ms before the RT of movement [MRCS(-50)], motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the right APB, but not other muscles, increased for up to 15 min post-MRCS. The RT of the right APB was also shortened. However, spinal excitability measured by F-wave did not change. When TMS was given 100 ms after the RT [MRCS(+100)], MEP amplitude was decreased. These findings show that this new MRCS protocol can produce timing-dependent motor associative plasticity, which may be clinically useful.
Trichlorosilane mediated asymmetric reductions of the CN bond (2011)

Chiral amines are key components in numerous bioactive molecules. The development of efficient and economical ways to access molecules containing this functional group still remains a challenge at the forefront of synthetic chemistry. Of the methods that do exist, the trichlorosilane mediated organocatalytic reduction of ketimines offers significant potential as an alternative strategy. In this perspective, we wish to highlight the progress made in the past decade in this field and offer a direct quantitative comparison to transition-metal mediated process.
Use of a dye binding method for the determination of the protein content of dairy products. (1990)

Utilisation de la coloration par le bleue de coomassie, comparaison avec les resultats obtenus par la methode de Kjeldhal
B121 Optical design of photonic devise for solar/thermal radiation control by using evolutionally algorithm (2010)

This paper describes the result of photonic structure design to control solar/thermal radiation by using evolutionally algorithm (EA) which is powerful method to find optimal solution for complex systems. We used EA-FDTD method to design photonic structure which can concentrate solar/thermal radiation according to photosensitivity of PV/TPV cells. In the EA-FDTD, a combination of genetic algorithm and immunity algorithm was incorporated with FDTD method. The results show that the EA-FDTD method can automatically generate possible optimal geometry of the photonic structure which can work as a wavelength selective concentrator.
Fasting acylation-stimulating protein is predictive of postprandial triglyceride clearance (2004)

Postprandial plasma triglyceride (ppTG) and NEFA clearance were stratified by plasma acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) and gender to determine the contribution of fasting ASP in a normal population (70 men; 71 women). In the highest ASP tertile only, ASP decreased over 8 h (90 +/- 9.7 nM to 70 +/- 5.9 nM, P<0.05 males; 61.9 +/- 4.0 nM to 45.6 +/- 6.2 nM, P<0.01 females). Fasting ASP correlated positively with ppTG response. ppTG (P<0.0001, 2-way ANOVA, both genders) and NEFA levels progressively increased from lowest to highest ASP tertile, with the greatest differences in males. By stepwise multiple regression, the best prediction of ppTG was: (fasting ASP + apolipoprotein B + insulin + TG; r=0.806) for men and (fasting ASP + total cholesterol; r=0.574) for women. Leptin, body mass index, and other fasting variables did not improve the prediction. Thus, in men and women, ASP significantly predicted ppTG and NEFA clearance and, based on lower ASP, women may be more ASP sensitive than men. Plasma ASP may be useful as a fasting variable that will provide additional information regarding ppTG and NEFA clearance.
Temperature control during diode laser welding in a human cornea (2007)

Diode laser welding is a technique proposed in ophthalmic surgery to induce immediate sealing of clear corneal wounds. The welding effect is achieved irradiating the area, previously treated with a chromophore, by the use of a low power diode laser: the resulting thermal effect induces structural modifications in the stromal collagen, that welds upon cooling. We present a study on the temperature dynamics developing during welding in a human eye. An infrared thermocamera was used to measure the temperature variations on the surface of the cornea during clinical penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplant). The experimental data were used as a starting point for a theoretical investigation of the temperature rising inside the ocular structures: we developed a mathematical model based on the bio-heat equation and solved by the use of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The predictive accuracy was verified by comparing the temperature postprocessing description with the results obtained from the thermographic data. The model was then used to study the temperature rise and heat propagation inside the eye. Experimental results and model analysis indicated the occurrence of heat confinement during the treatment procedure and a modest enhancement of the temperature (reaching about 55°C inside the laser treated wound), thus evidencing the safety of the procedure in clinical applications.
Molecular Imprinting with Ruthenium Porphyrin Catalysts (2006)

A ruthenium meso-tetra[4-(vinylbenzoxy)benzyl]porphyrin catalyst with four polymerizable side chains was synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials. The polymerizable side chains allowed the incorporation of this complex in highly cross-linked mesoporous co-polymers. A block polymer and a molecularly imprinted polymer were prepared by co-polymerization with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate using chloroform as the porogen. The imprinted polymer was prepared in the presence of aminodiphenylmethane as a template. Subsequent removal of the template created a substrate pocket next to the catalytically active center. Both polymers displayed a high catalytic activity for the oxidation of alcohols and alkanes with 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide as the oxidant while the homogeneous catalyst was completely inactive. Furthermore, the imprinted polymer displayed a significant increase in activity compared to the block co-polymer.
Genome-wide association analysis and fine mapping of NT-proBNP level provide novel insight into the role of the MTHFR-CLCN6-NPPA-NPPB gene cluster (2011)

High blood concentration of the N-terminal cleavage product of the B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is strongly associated with cardiac dysfunction and is increasingly used for heart failure diagnosis. To identify genetic variants associated with NT-proBNP level, we performed a genome-wide association analysis in 1325 individuals from South Tyrol, Italy, and followed up the most significant results in 1746 individuals from two German population-based studies. A genome-wide significant signal in the MTHFR-CLCN6-NPPA-NPPB gene cluster was replicated, after correction for multiple testing (replication one-sided P-value = 8.4 × 10(-10)). A conditional regression analysis of 128 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the region of interest identified novel variants in the CLCN6 gene as independently associated with NT-proBNP. In this locus, four haplotypes were associated with increased NT-proBNP levels (haplotype-specific combined P-values from 8.3 × 10(-03) to 9.3 × 10(-11)). The observed increase in the NT-proBNP level was proportional to the number of haplotype copies present (i.e. dosage effect), with an increase associated with two copies that varied between 20 and 100 pg/ml across populations. The identification of novel variants in the MTHFR-CLCN6-NPPA-NPPB cluster provides new insights into the biological mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction.
Mean-Field Games for Resource Sharing in Cloud-Based Networks (2015)

In this paper, we consider last level cache (LLC) sharing problems in large-scale cloud networks with a fair payoff function. We formulate the problem as a strategic decision-making problem (i.e., a game). We examine the resource-sharing game with finite and infinite number of players. Exploiting the aggregate structure of the payoff functions, we show that the resource-sharing game has a Nash equilibrium in a wide range of return index. We show that the Nash equilibrium is not an evolutionarily stable strategy in the finite regime. Then, we introduce a myopic mean-field response where each player implements a mean-field-taking strategy. We show that such a mean-field-taking strategy is an evolutionarily stable strategy in both finite and infinite regime. We provide closed-form expression of the optimal pricing that gives an efficient resource-sharing policy. As the number of active players grows without bound, we show that the equilibrium strategy converges to a mean-field equilibrium, and the optimal prices for resources converge to the optimal price of the mean-field game. Then, we address the demand satisfaction problem for which a necessary and sufficient condition for satisfactory solutions is provided. In addition, a very fast mean-field learning algorithm is provided.