gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sealing and bisection of blood vessels using a 1470 nm laser: optical, thermal, and tissue damage simulations (2021)

A 1470-nm laser previously demonstrated faster sealing and cutting of blood vessels with lower thermal spread than radiofrequency and ultrasonic surgical devices. This study simulates laser sealing and cutting of vessels in a sequential two-step process, for low (< 25 W), medium (~ 100 W), and high (200 W) power lasers. Optical transport, heat transfer, and tissue damage simulations were conducted. The blood vessel was assumed to be compressed to 400 μm thickness, matching previous experimental studies. A wide range of linear beam profiles (1-5 mm widths and 8-9.5 mm lengths), incident powers (20-200 W) and irradiation times (0.5-5.0 s), were simulated. Peak seal and cut temperatures and bifurcated thermal seal zones were also simulated and compared with experimental results for model validation. Optimal low power laser parameters were: 24W/5s/8×2mm for sealing and 24W/5s/8×1mm for cutting, yielding thermal spread of 0.4 mm and corresponding to experimental vessel burst pressures (BP) of ~450 mmHg. Optimal medium-power laser parameters were: 90 W/1s/9.5×3mm for sealing and 90W/1s/9.5×1mm for cutting, yielding thermal spread of 0.9 mm for BP of ~1300 mmHg. Optimal high-power laser parameters were: 200W/0.5s/9×3mm for sealing and 200W/0.5s/9×1mm for cutting, yielding thermal spread of 0.9 mm and extrapolated to have BP of ~1300 mmHg. All lasers produced seal zones between 0.4-1.5 mm, correlating to high BP of 300-1300 mmHg. Higher laser powers enable shorter sealing and cutting times and higher vessel seal strengths.
The Mathematics of Artificial Intelligence (2022)

We currently witness the spectacular success of artificial intelligence in both science and public life. However, the development of a rigorous mathematical foundation is still at an early stage. In this survey article, which is based on an invited lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians 2022, we will in particular focus on the current "workhorse" of artificial intelligence, namely deep neural networks. We will present the main theoretical directions along with several exemplary results and discuss key open problems.
Optimizing experimental procedures for quantitative evaluation of crop plant performance in high throughput phenotyping systems (2015)

Detailed and standardized protocols for plant cultivation in environmentally controlled conditions are an essential prerequisite to conduct reproducible experiments with precisely defined treatments. Setting up appropriate and well defined experimental procedures is thus crucial for the generation of solid evidence and indispensable for successful plant research. Non-invasive and high throughput (HT) phenotyping technologies offer the opportunity to monitor and quantify performance dynamics of several hundreds of plants at a time. Compared to small scale plant cultivations, HT systems have much higher demands, from a conceptual and a logistic point of view, on experimental design, as well as the actual plant cultivation conditions, and the image analysis and statistical methods for data evaluation. Furthermore, cultivation conditions need to be designed that elicit plant performance characteristics corresponding to those under natural conditions. This manuscript describes critical steps in the optimization of procedures for HT plant phenotyping systems. Starting with the model plant Arabidopsis, HT-compatible methods were tested, and optimized with regard to growth substrate, soil coverage, watering regime, experimental design (considering environmental inhomogeneities) in automated plant cultivation and imaging systems. As revealed by metabolite profiling, plant movement did not affect the plants' physiological status. Based on these results, procedures for maize HT cultivation and monitoring were established. Variation of maize vegetative growth in the HT phenotyping system did match well with that observed in the field. The presented results outline important issues to be considered in the design of HT phenotyping experiments for model and crop plants. It thereby provides guidelines for the setup of HT experimental procedures, which are required for the generation of reliable and reproducible data of phenotypic variation for a broad range of applications.
Immunostimulation: Synthetic and Biological Modulators of Immunity (1984)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Evolution of multiple-access networks — cellular and non-cellular — in historical perspective. Part 4 (2019)

Introduction: The goal of this issue is the analysis of evolution of the current and novel wireless networks, from second generation (2G) to fifth generation (5G), as well as changes in technologies and their corresponding theoretical background and protocols — from Bluetooth, WLAN, WiFi and WiMAX to LTE, OFDM/OFDMA, MIMO and LTE/MIMO advanced technologies with new hierarchy of cellular maps design — femto/pico/micro/macro. Methods: We use new theoretical frameworks for description of the advanced technologies, such as multicarrier diversity technique, OFDM and OFDM novel approach, MIMO aspects description based on multi-beam antennas approach, various cellular maps design based on a new algorithms of femto/pico/micro/macrocell deployment, and a new methodology of a new MIMO/LTE system integration based on multi-beam antennas. Results: We have created a new methodology of multi-carrier diversity description for novel multiple-access networks, of usage of OFDM/OFDMA modulation to obey inter-user and inter-symbol interference in multiple-access networks, of how to obey the multiplicative noises occurring in the multiple-access wireless networks, caused by multi-ray phenomena, and finally, of how to overcome propagation effects occurring in the terrestrial communication links by use combination of MIMO and LTE technologies based on multi-beam antennas. For these purposes we present new stochastic approach that accounts for the terrain features, such as buildings’ overlay profile, buildings’ density around the base station and each user antennas, and so forth. These parameters allow us to estimate for each situation occurs at the built-up terrain area the effects of fading, as a source of multiplicative noise. Practical relevance: New methodology of how to estimate effects of multiplicative noise, inter-user and inter-symbol interference, occurring in the terrestrial wireless networks, allows us to predict a-priory practical aspects of the current and new multiple-access wireless communication networks, such as: the users’ capacity and user’s links spectral efficiency for various configurations of cells deployment — femto, pico, micro, and macro, as well as the novel MIMO/LTE system configuration for future networks of 4th and 5th generation deployment.
Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Response of Host–Guest Recognition Based on Ternary Nanocomposites: Reduced Graphene Oxide-Amphiphilic Pillar[5]arene-Gold Nanoparticles (2013)

An amphiphilic pillar[5]arene (AP5) was modified onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to form the water-dispersive RGO-AP5 nanocomposite. And then, as-prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) self-assembled onto the surface of RGO-AP5 through amido groups of AP5 to achieve RGO-AP5-AuNPs nanocomposites. It was verified that a large amount of AP5 molecules had been effectively loaded onto the surface of RGO and lots of AuNPs could be uniformly dispersed on RGO-AP5. Electrochemical results showed that the RGO-AP5 could exhibit selective supramolecular recognition and enrichment capability toward guest molecules. More significantly, in electrochemical sensing the guest molecules, ternary nanocomposites RGO-AP5-AuNPs performed the synergetic action of multifunctional properties, which were excellent performances of RGO, selective supramolecular recognition, and enrichment capability of AP5 and catalytic property of AuNPs for guest molecules. Therefore, RGO-AP5-AuNPs showed an outstanding analyzing performance for DA with broad linear range (1.5 × 10(-8) to 1.9×10(-5) M) and low detection limit (1.2 × 10(-8) M) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
Accelerated CarbonCarbon Bond‐Forming Reactions in Preparative Electrospray (2012)

Von der Analyse zur Synthese: Geladene Mikrotröpfchen wurden als Mikroreaktoren verwendet und erweitern den Anwendungsbereich der Elektrospray-Massenspektrometrie von der chemischen Analyse zur Synthese. Diese einzigartigen Reaktionsbedingungen machen es möglich, Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Verknüpfungen im Mikromaßstab schnell und in hohen Ausbeuten durchzuführen (siehe Bild).
Les linéaments d'une théorie sociologique de l'administration (2015)

International audience
Author Correction: Non-Invasive Photoacoustic Imaging of In Vivo Mice with Erythrocyte Derived Optical Nanoparticles to Detect CAD/MI (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Limited sampling models for amonafide (NSC 308847) pharmacokinetics. (1988)

The limited sampling model (LSM) offers a means of estimating the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from only two timed plasma concentrations. In this study, pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated for 23 patients treated with amonafide, using each patient's individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Data were simulated for a dose of 250 mg/m2 administered over 1 h. The initial 15 patients formed the training data set. Based on the training data set, five different LSMs were generated, with the multiple r ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. A single model was selected as optimal: AUC (micrograms min/ml) = 292.9 (min) C45 (micrograms/ml) + 3262 (min) C1440 (micrograms/ml) + 21.8 (micrograms min/ml) dose (mg/m2)/250 mg/m2 where C45 = 45-min plasma concentration and C1440 = 24-h plasma concentration. This model was revalidated on a second test data set of seven patients actually treated with a 1-h infusion. The relative root mean square predictive error was 15.8%, acceptable for most clinical uses. We conclude that the LSM is a powerful tool for estimation of the AUC in a large patient population. The LSM may facilitate population pharmacodynamic studies in conjunction with Phase II trials.
Printing Technologies as an Emerging Approach in Gas Sensors: Survey of Literature (2022)

Herein, we review printing technologies which are commonly approbated at recent time in the course of fabricating gas sensors and multisensor arrays, mainly of chemiresistive type. The most important characteristics of the receptor materials, which need to be addressed in order to achieve a high efficiency of chemisensor devices, are considered. The printing technologies are comparatively analyzed with regard to, (i) the rheological properties of the employed inks representing both reagent solutions or organometallic precursors and disperse systems, (ii) the printing speed and resolution, and (iii) the thickness of the formed coatings to highlight benefits and drawbacks of the methods. Particular attention is given to protocols suitable for manufacturing single miniature devices with unique characteristics under a large-scale production of gas sensors where the receptor materials could be rather quickly tuned to modify their geometry and morphology. We address the most convenient approaches to the rapid printing single-crystal multisensor arrays at lab-on-chip paradigm with sufficiently high resolution, employing receptor layers with various chemical composition which could replace in nearest future the single-sensor units for advancing a selectivity.
Spectrum analysis of structures with uncertain damping by stochastic finite element method. (1985)

本論文の目的は減衰の不確かな任意連続体の不規則振動応答のスペクトル解析手法を構成することである.まず著者らの提案する二次摂動法に基づく確率有限要素法による一般的な定式化が行われ,手法の妥当性が単一あるいは複数励振入力を受ける簡単な構造について検討された.次にBWR MK-II型原子炉建屋モデルの応答倍率,床応答スペクトル(応答倍率曲線)の期待値,分散評価への応用例が示された.
Protective effects of idebenone against alterations in dynamic microstructure induced by lipid peroxidation in rat cardiac mitochondria. (1991)

The antioxidative effect of idebenone was studied in isolated mitochondria from the rat heart. Variables for dynamic microstructure, membrane viscosity and wobbling angle of phospholipids, were measured by means of a nanosecond time-resolved fluorometer. Exposure of isolated cardiac mitochondria to oxidative conditions in vitro caused significant alterations in lipid peroxidation, wobbling angle of phospholipids and membrane viscosity. Exposure of mitochondria to oxidative conditions after idebenone pretreatment resulted in no significant alterations in membrane viscosity and wobbling angle of phospholipids. Alterations in these variables seemed to be related to the amount of peroxidized lipid. Protection of phospholipids against peroxidation by antioxidative substances is effective in maintaining nearly normal physical properties in the dynamic microstructure of cardiac mitochondrial membranes.
Orienting of Attention to Gaze Direction Cues in Rhesus Macaques: Species-Specificity, and Effects of Cue Motion and Reward Predictiveness (2012)

Primates live in complex social groups and rely on social cues to direct their attention. For example, primates react faster to an unpredictable stimulus after seeing a conspecific looking in the direction of that stimulus. In the current study we tested the specificity of facial cues (gaze direction) for orienting attention and their interaction with other cues that are known to guide attention. In particular, we tested whether macaque monkeys only respond to gaze cues from conspecifics or if the effect generalizes across species. We found an attentional advantage of conspecific faces over human and cartoon faces. Because gaze cues are often conveyed by gesture, we also explored the effect of image motion (a simulated glance) on the orienting of attention in monkeys. We found that the simulated glance did not significantly enhance the speed of orienting for monkey-face stimuli, but had a significant effect for images of human faces. Finally, because gaze cues presumably guide attention toward relevant or rewarding stimuli, we explored whether orienting of attention was modulated by reward predictiveness. When the cue predicted reward location, face, and non-face cues were effective in speeding responses toward the cued location. This effect was strongest for conspecific faces. In sum, our results suggest that while conspecific gaze cues activate an intrinsic process that reflexively directs spatial attention, its effect is relatively small in comparison to other features including motion and reward predictiveness. It is possible that gaze cues are more important for decision-making and voluntary orienting than for reflexive orienting.
Simultaneous Visualization of Protumorigenic Src and MT1-MMP Activities with Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (2010)

Both Src kinase and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) play critical roles in cancer invasion and metastasis. It is not clear, however, how the spatiotemporal activation of these two critical enzymes is coordinated in response to an oncogenic epithelial growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Here, we have visualized the activities of Src and MT1-MMP concurrently in a single live cell by combining two fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with distinct spectra: (a) cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow FP (YFP), and (b) orange FP (mOrange2) and red FP (mCherry). The new FRET pair, mOrange2 and mCherry, was first characterized in vitro and in cultured mammalian cells. When integrated with the CFP/YFP pair, this new pair allowed the revelation of an immediate, rapid, and relatively dispersed Src activity. In contrast, the MT1-MMP activity displayed a slow increase at the cell periphery, although Src was shown to play a role upstream to MT1-MMP globally. This difference in the activation patterns of MT1-MMP and Src in response to EGF is further confirmed using an optimized MT1-MMP biosensor capable of being rapidly cleaved by MT1-MMP. The results indicate that although Src and MT1-MMP act globally in the same signaling pathway, their activations differ in space and time upon EGF stimulation, possibly mediated by different sets of intermediates at different subcellular locations. Our results also showed the potential of mOrange2/mCherry as a new FRET pair, together with the popular variants of CFP and YFP, for the simultaneous visualization of multiple molecular activities in a single live cell.
The Contribution of Immune and Glial Cell Types in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis (2014)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterised by widespread areas of focal demyelination. Its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear despite substantial insights gained through studies of animal models, most notably experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is widely believed to be immune-mediated and pathologically attributable to myelin-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells. In recent years, MS research has expanded beyond its focus on CD4+ T cells to recognise the contributions of multiple immune and glial cell types to the development, progression, and amelioration of the disease. This review summarises evidence of T and B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, macrophage/microglial, astrocytic, and oligodendroglial involvement in both EAE and MS and the intercommunication and influence of each cell subset in the inflammatory process. Despite important advances in the understanding of the involvement of these cell types in MS, many questions still remain regarding the various subsets within each cell population and their exact contribution to different stages of the disease.
Dietary supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum during the transition period improves the metabolic status of dairy cows (2021)

In ruminants, it has been observed that capsicum oleoresin can alter insulin responses and that high-intensity artificial sweetener can increase glucose absorption from the small intestine. Because glucose metabolism and insulin responses are critical during early lactation, these supplements might have an effect on the metabolic status of dairy cows during the transition period. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected capsicum oleoresin fed alone or in combination with artificial sweetener during the transition period on lactational performance and susceptibility to subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Fifteen primiparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows (a total of 39 cows finished the study) were arranged in a randomized complete block design during d -21 to 60 relative to parturition. Cows within block were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: no supplement (CON), supplementation with 100 mg of rumen-protected capsicum/cow per day (RPCap), or RPCap plus 2 g of high-intensity artificial sweetener/cow per day (RPCapS). For both the RPCap and RPCapS treatments, only rumen-protected capsicum was fed during the dry period. From d 8 to 11 of lactation, intake was limited to 70% of predicted dry matter intake to induce subclinical ketosis. Production variables were recorded daily, samples for milk composition were collected on wk 2, 4, 6, and 8, and blood samples were collected on wk -2, 1, 2, and 4 of the experiment for analysis of metabolic hormones and blood cell counts. Supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum increased serum insulin and decreased β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations precalving, indicating a decrease in lipolysis. During the lactation period, RPCap was associated with a trend for increased milk production and feed efficiency following the ketosis challenge. Supplementation with RPCapS appeared to negate the response to rumen-protected capsicum. All cows developed subclinical ketosis during the challenge, and this was not affected by treatment. We conclude that treatments did not decrease susceptibility to subclinical ketosis; however, dietary supplementation with rumen-protected capsicum was effective at improving energy status precalving and tended to increased milk production and feed efficiency. The mechanism underlying these responses is unclear.
Trapping of Photochemical Intermediates as a Tool in Organic Synthesis. Preparation of Spiroaziridinopyridones (VIII), a New Heterocyclic System. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mailing Lists and Non-ASCII Addresses (2012)

This document describes considerations for mailing lists with the introduction of non-ASCII UTF-8 email addresses. It outlines some possible scenarios for handling lists with mixtures of non-ASCII and traditional addresses but does not specify protocol changes or offer implementation or deployment advice.
Metallic marking clips used after stereotactic breast biopsy: ex vivo testing of ferromagnetism, heating, and artifacts associated with MR imaging. (1999)

Metallic marking clips used after stereotactic breast biopsy: ex vivo testing of ferromagnetism, heating, and artifacts associated with MR imaging.F G ShellockAudio Available | Share
Notice to the Association Membership (1929)

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Redox Behaviors of Ni and Cr with Different Counter Cations in Spinel Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2010)

The electrochemical performances of the spinels , , and with vs Ti(IV) as cathodes for Li-ion batteries are compared. With , reversible access to the valence states Ni(IV) to Ni(II) and Cr(IV) to Cr(III) is possible at a voltage and 4.85 V (vs ), respectively. The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed with at voltages are Li-permeable. The disproportionation reaction contributes to the loss of capacity in . With , reversible charge/discharge curves were not obtained between 3.5 and 4.9 V (vs ). The cathode Fermi energy is lowered by about 0.2 eV on charging from to , but this lowering is not sufficient to cause evolution from the spinel on charge with . Whereas Li-permeable SEI layers are formed with , we conclude that the SEI layers formed with are Li-blocking. The SEI layer may be a Li-poor, Ti-rich phase formed at the surface of the cathode particle during charge rather than an SEI layer formed by a reaction with the electrolyte.
Chitosan-alginate microcapsules of amoxicillin for gastric stability and mucoadhesion (2012)

Amoxicillin-loaded microcapsules were prepared by ionotropic gelation of sodium alginate (ALG) with chitosan (CS) in presence of calcium chloride as gastroretentive delivery system. The effect of pH, concentration of ALG, CS and calcium chloride, and drug : ALG ratio were optimized in this study for minimizing the degradation of drug in acidic environment and increasing the loading efficacy and mucoadhesive efficiency of microcapsules. The optimum condition for prepared CS-ALG microcapsules was 2%w/v ALG, 0.75%w/v CS (pH5.0), and 1.0% w/v calcium chloride. The resulting microcapsules had drug entrapment efficiency of 84% and average size of 840 mm. CS concentration significantly influenced particle size and encapsulation efficiency of CS-ALG microcapsules (P<0.05). Decrease in the drug: ALG ratio resulted in an increased release of amoxicillin in acidic media. The relative decomposition of drug after encapsulation in CS-ALG microcapsules was decreased to 20.7%, 41.9%, and 83.3% in 2, 4, and 8 hours, respectively.