gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Characterization of Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxin Genes (1992)

A total of 4 structural genes (bot) encoding botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) have been cloned and their entire nucleotide sequences determined. These are the genes of the proteolytic Clostridium botulinum strains Danish (type B), NCTC 11219 (type E) Langeland (type F), and 89G (type G). The encoded toxins comprise 1291, 1252, 1278 and 1297 amino acids (aa), respectively. The determined BoNT/F sequence exhibits considerable divergence from that of a BoNT/ F derived from a non-proteolytic strain of C botulinum (ATCC 23387), and the BoNT/F produced by a strain of Clostridium baratii (ATCC 43756). Similar levels of divergence appear to exist between proteolytic and non-proteolytic type B neurotoxins. One consequence is that a vaccine based on the H sub c polypeptide of a single representative of a particular serotype (notably types B and F) may not give protection against all members of that serotype. Attempts to impose control on a Clacetobutylicum expression system were unsuccessful. Gene fusions were constructed between a glutathione-S-transferase gene and botA DNA encoding various portions of the BoNT/A H-chain. No direct evidence for the production of recombinant protein in C acetobutylicum was obtained. Foreign, BD, Clostridium, Cloning, Vaccines, BL3, Biotechnology, Gene expression, Gene cloning, DNA transfer, Neurotoxin genes, Clostridium botulinum.
Effect of carbon content in CrMoV hot working tool steel (1986)

The aim of this work was to find out whether a reduction of carbon content would reduce the amount of segregated eutectic carbides and improve ductility and toughness. Quenched and temperted specimens of steel X 40 CrMoV 5 1 (∼AISI H 13) were tested at carbon contents of 0.42 and 0.27%. Tensile and short time creep tests were carried out at elevated temperatures. Toughness was derived from unnotched, notched and precracked specimens over a temperature range. Stable fatigue crack growth was measured in CT specimens at room temperature and in thermal fatigue specimens. As expected, ductility and toughness are raised by reducing the carbon content. At the same time a favourable improvement of hot strength and creep resistance appears, causing a lower thermal fatigue crack velocity. These beneficial effects are due to the higher alloy content in solution after hardening. It is proposed to test a steel X 28 CrMoV 5 1 for intricate tools in practical application and learn more about its wear behaviour.
Space vector modulation strategy for a direct matrix converter (2013)

Direct matrix converter is an efficient dc-link capacitor less direct AC/ AC conversion scheme. It consists of bidirectional switches arranged such that any input phase can be connected to any output phase at any point in time. This paper presents a Space Vector Modulation (SVM) control technique applied to direct Matrix converter. The model of the direct matrix converter and the principle of the SVM modulation are detailed. The viability of the space vector modulation scheme for the direct matrix is demonstrated using analytical and simulation approaches. An input and output LC filters are designed and used to compensate harmonics and reactive power of the output/input voltages/currents. The simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the designed filters. It is shown that the direct matrix converter operates with sinusoidal output/input voltages/currents and unity input power factor without added passive components nor energy storage devices.
A neural network-based shape prediction model for membrane mirrors in space telescopes (2021)

Thermo-plastic membrane mirrors could be used to realize very large reflective apertures needed for imaging distant objects at high spatial resolution. The dynamics of deployment of membrane mirrors in space is complex and hard to predict with physics based numerical simulations. Several factors such as local thermal gradient, solar radiation pressure, undamped vibration modes and membrane wrinkling effects need to be accounted for. An integrated architecture is required for multi-disciplinary design and optimization of such membrane structures. This paper investigates data driven methods and their ability to accurately learn and predict patterns that may lead to greater efficiency than conventional physical models. Of particular interest are understanding geometric and boundary factors that may lead to a desired inflated membrane shape. Our present work attempts build and train a deep neural network model with accurate predictions of inflated membrane shape with initial and boundary conditions. Numerical simulations are used to train and optimize the network. Membrane shape measurement data in the form of W-curves is used to train a deep neural network that has been used as a universal function approximator. For the present work, we focus on structural design factors determining the final shape of the inflated membranes. As an on-going effort, an experimental apparatus has been developed to make membrane shape measurements using photogrammetry. Experimental data shall be used to further refine the predictive model ad to verify its outputs. Predictions for expected inflated shapes for varying boundary conditions will be used to develop optimal boundary configurations and alternate feasible membrane geometries. This work aims to provide an alternate data driven approach leading to a multi-objective design and optimization of membrane structures for high frequency optical applications.
Radiating subdispersive fractional optical solitons (2014)

It was recently found [Fujioka et al., Phys. Lett. A 374, 1126 (2010)] that the propagation of solitary waves can be described by a fractional extension of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation which involves a temporal fractional derivative (TFD) of order α > 2. In the present paper, we show that there is also another fractional extension of the NLS equation which contains a TFD with α < 2, and in this case, the new equation describes the propagation of radiating solitons. We show that the emission of the radiation (when α < 2) is explained by resonances at various frequencies between the pulses and the linear modes of the system. It is found that the new fractional NLS equation can be derived from a suitable Lagrangian density, and a fractional Noether's theorem can be applied to it, thus predicting the conservation of the Hamiltonian, momentum and energy.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Properties of LiErF4. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prevention of polyurethane valve cusp calcification with covalently attached bisphosphonate diethylamino moieties (2003)

DBP polyurethane possesses physical (water absorption) and biomechanical properties comparable to unmodified polyurethane and can resist intrinsic heart-valve leaflet calcification in blood-stream implants.
Acquisition of a Micro Scale Photographic Survey Using an Autonomous Submersible (1986)

The feasibility of using EAVE-East, an autonomous, unmanned submersible, as a new tool for use by the marine science community in an undersea survey is explored. The project will provide researchers with a stereo photographic mosaic of an area of 900 square meters, resolved to within two millimeters. Accurate determination of camera height and camera separation will allow for quantitative measurements in all three dimensions. The juxtaposition of this information, along with accurate location data for each separate stereo pair and the total video coverage of the survey area will provide a unique quantitative and visual summary of the survey area.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Antitumor Mechanisms of Targeting the PDK1 Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF File, 77KB.&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental evaluation of a tellurium-123m transmission source to determine attenuation maps for SPECT (1995)

We propose to use a tellurium-123m line source to determine attenuation maps reconstruction of technetium-99m images. To experimentally evaluate the performance of the transmission line source for the fast sequential approach for emission and transmission data acquisition, a prototype tellurium-123m line source was designed and manufactured. The line source has a length of 8 cm with total activity of 36-39 mCi at the time of the studies. Phantom and patient studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the line source. The results of this study demonstrate that the tellurium-123m line source can be used to accurately determine attenuation maps for transmission studies with Tc-99m activity in the patient's myocardium.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Figure S1 from PET Reporter Gene Imaging and Ganciclovir-Mediated Ablation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 shows Surface B7H3 CAR, PD-1, and LAG-3 expression of T-cells transduced with CAR retroviral supernatant&lt;/p&gt;
Innate Immune Zonation in the Liver: NF-κB (p50) Activation and C-Reactive Protein Expression in Response to Endotoxemia Are Zone Specific (2023)

Hepatic innate immune function plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Importantly, a growing body of literature has firmly established the spatial heterogeneity of hepatocyte metabolic function; however, whether innate immune function is zonated remains unknown. To test this question, we exposed adult C57BL/6 mice to endotoxemia, and hepatic tissue was assessed for the acute phase response (APR). The zone-specific APR was evaluated in periportal and pericentral/centrilobular hepatocytes isolated using digitonin perfusion and on hepatic tissue using RNAscope and immunohistochemistry. Western blot, EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in mediating hepatic C-reactive protein (CRP) expression. Finally, the ability of mice lacking the NF-κB subunit p50 (p50-/-) to raise a hepatic APR was evaluated. We found that endotoxemia induces a hepatocyte transcriptional APR in both male and female mice, with Crp, Apcs, Fga, Hp, and Lbp expression being enriched in pericentral/centrilobular hepatocytes. Focusing our work on CRP expression, we determined that NF-κB transcription factor subunit p50 binds to consensus sequence elements present in the murine CRP promoter. Furthermore, pericentral/centrilobular hepatocyte p50 nuclear translocation is temporally associated with zone-specific APR during endotoxemia. Lastly, the APR and CRP expression is blunted in endotoxemic p50-/- mice. These results demonstrate that the murine hepatocyte innate immune response to endotoxemia includes zone-specific activation of transcription factors and target gene expression. These results support further study of zone-specific hepatocyte innate immunity and its role in the development of various disease states.
Mandibular asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients using cone-beam computed tomography (2011)

Contrary to UCG, CG and BCG were found to have side-specific asymmetry. Skeletal components of the mandible have significant asymmetry among the crossbite groups and the CG.
Interim Results from a Study of the Impacts of Tin(II) Based Mercury Treatment in a Small Stream Ecosystem: Tims Branch, Savannah River Site (2012)

A research team is assessing the impacts of an innovative mercury treatment system in Tims Branch, a small southeastern stream. The treatment system, installed in 2007, reduces and removes inorganic mercury from water using tin(II) (stannous) chloride addition followed by air stripping. The system results in discharge of inorganic tin to the ecosystem. This screening study is based on historical information combined with measurements of contaminant concentrations in water, fish, sediment, biofilms and invertebrates. Initial mercury data indicate that first few years of mercury treatment resulted in a significant decrease in mercury concentration in an upper trophic level fish, redfin pickerel, at all sampling locations in the impacted reach. For example, the whole body mercury concentration in redfin pickerel collected from the most impacted pond decreased approximately 72% between 2006 (pre-treatment) and 2010 (post-treatment). Over this same period, mercury concentrations in the fillet of redfin pickerel in this pond were estimated to have decreased from approximately 1.45 {micro}g/g (wet weight basis) to 0.45 {micro}g/g - a decrease from 4.8x to 1.5x the current EPA guideline concentration for mercury in fillet (0.3 {micro}g/g). Thermodynamic modeling, scanning electron microscopy, and other sampling data for tin suggest that particulate tin (IV) oxides are a significant geochemical species entering the ecosystem with elevated levels of tin measured in surficial sediments and biofilms. Detectable increases in tin in sediments and biofilms extended approximately 3km from the discharge location. Tin oxides are recalcitrant solids that are relatively non-toxic and resistant to dissolution. Work continues to develop and validate methods to analyze total tin in the collected biota samples. In general, the interim results of this screening study suggest that the treatment process has performed as predicted and that the concentration of mercury in upper trophic level fish, as a surrogate for all of the underlying transport and transformation processes in a complex ecosystem, has declined as a direct result of the elimination of inorganic mercury inputs. Inorganic tin released to the ecosystem has been found in compartments where particles accumulate with notable levels measured in biofilms.
Transactivation of Krox-20 and Krox-24 promoters by the HTLV-1 Tax protein through common regulatory elements. (1991)

The HTLV-1 Tax protein has been shown to induce the expression of host cellular genes, some of which play crucial roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. We have examined the effect of Tax on the expression of two immediate-early genes, Krox-20 and Krox-24, which encode transcription factors. Several HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines and a HeLa cell line that constitutively expresses the Tax protein have a high level of expression of the Krox-20 and Krox-24 genes. In addition, Tax transactivates the promoters of both Krox-20 and Knox-24 in a co-transfection assay. Tax-responsive elements in Krox-20 and Krox-24 include the serum response elements (SREs) and the putative cAMP-responsive element (CRE). A correlation exists between the ability of these elements to mediate Tax transactivation and their affinity for their cognate factors, the serum response factor (SRF) or the CRE-binding protein (CREB) respectively. Since Tax is also able to transactivate the human c-fos promoter through the SRE and the CRE-60, our findings support the idea that the HTLV-1 Tax protein uses common mechanisms for transactivation of these three immediate-early genes. Deregulation of their expression may contribute to malignant transformation associated with HTLV-1 infection.
A Linear-Centric Simulation Framework for Parametric Fluctuations (2002)

The relative tolerances for interconnect and device parameter variations have not scaled with feature sizes which have brought about significant performance variability. As we scale toward 10 nm technologies, this problem will only worsen. New circuit families and design methodologies will emerge to facilitate construction of reliable systems from unreliable nanometer scale components. Such methodologies require new models of performance which accurately capture the manufacturing realities. Recently, one step toward this goal was made via a new variational reduced order interconnect model that efficiently captures large scale fluctuations in global parameter values. Using variational calculus the linear interconnect systems are represented by analytical models that include the global variational parameters explicitly. In this work we present a framework which extends the previous work to a linear-centric simulation methodology with accurate nonlinear device models and their fluctuations. The framework is applied to generate path delay distributions under nonlinear and linear parameter fluctuations.
A Cluster of Three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 3′-Untranslated Region of Human Glycoprotein PC-1 Gene Stabilizes PC-1 mRNA and Is Associated With Increased PC-1 Protein Content and Insulin Resistance–Related Abnormalities (2001)

Glycoprotein PC-1 inhibits insulin signaling and, when overexpressed, plays a role in human insulin resistance. Mechanisms of PC-1 overexpression are unknown. We have identified a haplotype in the 3'-untranslated region of the PC-1 gene that may modulate PC-1 expression and confer an increased risk for insulin resistance. Individuals from Sicily, Italy, carrying the "P" haplotype (i.e., a cluster of three single nucleotide polymorphisms: G2897A, G2906C, and C2948T) were at higher risk (P < 0.01) for insulin resistance and had higher (P < 0.05) levels of plasma glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test and higher levels of cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. They also had higher (P < 0.05-0.01) PC-1 protein content in both skeletal muscle and cultured skin fibroblasts. In CHO cells transfected with either P or wild-type cDNA, specific PC-1 mRNA half-life was increased for those transfected with P (t/2 = 3.73 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.57 +/- 0.2 h; P < 0.01). In a population of different ethnicity (Gargano, East Coast Italy), patients with type 2 diabetes (the most likely clinical outcome of insulin resistance) had a higher P haplotype frequency than healthy control subjects (7.8 vs. 1.5%, P < 0.01), thus replicating the association between the P allele and the insulin resistance-related abnormalities observed among Sicilians. In conclusion, we have identified a possible molecular mechanism for PC-1 overexpression that confers an increased risk for insulin resistance-related abnormalities.
Comparative Structure and Optical Properties of Ga-, In-, and Sn-Doped ZnO Nanowires Synthesized via Thermal Evaporation (2005)

ZnO nanowires doped with a high concentration Ga, In, and Sn were synthesized via thermal evaporation. The doping content defined as X/(Zn + X) atomic ratio, where X is the doped element, is about 15% for all nanowires. The nanowires consist of single-crystalline wurtzite ZnO crystal, and the average diameter is 80 nm. The growth direction of vertically aligned Ga-doped nanowires is [001], while that of randomly tilted In- and Sn-doped nanowires is [010]. A correlation between the growth direction and the vertical alignment has been suggested. The broaden X-ray diffraction peaks indicate the lattice distortion caused by the doping, and the broadening is most significant in the case of Sn doping. The absorption and photoluminescence of Sn-doped ZnO nanowires shift to the lower energy region than those of In- and Ga-doped nanowires, probably due to the larger charge density of Sn.
Schema extraction for tabular data on the web (2013)

Tabular data is an abundant source of information on the Web, but remains mostly isolated from the latter's interconnections since tables lack links and computer-accessible descriptions of their structure. In other words, the schemas of these tables -- attribute names, values, data types, etc. -- are not explicitly stored as table metadata. Consequently, the structure that these tables contain is not accessible to the crawlers that power search engines and thus not accessible to user search queries. We address this lack of structure with a new method for leveraging the principles of table construction in order to extract table schemas. Discovering the schema by which a table is constructed is achieved by harnessing the similarities and differences of nearby table rows through the use of a novel set of features and a feature processing scheme. The schemas of these data tables are determined using a classification technique based on conditional random fields in combination with a novel feature encoding method called logarithmic binning, which is specifically designed for the data table extraction task. Our method provides considerable improvement over the well-known WebTables schema extraction method. In contrast with previous work that focuses on extracting individual relations, our method excels at correctly interpreting full tables, thereby being capable of handling general tables such as those found in spreadsheets, instead of being restricted to HTML tables as is the case with the WebTables method. We also extract additional schema characteristics, such as row groupings, which are important for supporting information retrieval tasks on tabular data.
Improved rate of convergence in Kohonen neural network (2002)

The neighborhood interaction function selection in the Kohonen self-organizing feature map neural network is analyzed for improving the rate of convergence. The definition of the neighborhood interaction function is motivated by anatomical evidence as opposed to what is currently used, which is a uniform neighborhood interaction set. By selecting a neighborhood interaction function with a neighborhood amplitude of interaction which is decreasing in the spatial domain the topological order is always enforced and the rate of self-organization to final equilibrium state is improved. A simulation is carried out to show the convergence rate improvement achieved using a neighborhood interaction function vs. using a neighborhood interaction set. An error measure functional is further defined to compare the two approaches quantitatively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cephalosporanic acids. Part V. The action of bidentate nucleophiles on cephalosporanic acids (1967)

Certain thioamides convert cephalosporanic acids into 3-spirocephamoic acids. A two-stage process is suggested, exemplifying the reversible polarisability of the 3,4-double bond in the cephalosporanic acids. The first stage probably occurs in the anion, the second in the undissociated acid.
A Survey of Acid Catalysts for Use in Two-Step, One-Flask Syntheses of Meso-Substituted Porphyrinic Macrocycles (2000)

[reaction: see text] Diverse Lewis acids and Bronsted acids were examined in the two-step, one-flask synthesis of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin, and tetraphenylsapphyrin. The scope of acid catalysis was found to be very broad, with 35 of 45 acids providing TPP in yields ranging from 5% to 58%. NC-TPP was also widely observed in yields of 1-40%, and TPS was infrequently observed in yields of <1%. Additionally, conditions were found for direct preparation of magnesium TPP and copper TPP.
WRIST FLEXOR TENOSYNOVITIS: NONTRAUMATIC "ACUTE" CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (1998)

College Affairs: Abstracts Of Papers Presented At The American College Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine State-Of-The-Art Conference: Bridging Canyons To The 21St Century