gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cell co-stimulation through OX40 augments and prolongs T cell cytokine synthesis by stabilization of cytokine mRNA (2005)

Human endothelial cells (ECs) constitutively express OX40L and co-stimulate memory CD4(+) T cell proliferation that is dependent upon OX40-OX40L interaction. In vivo, OX40 prolongs T cell survival; however, an unanswered question is whether it can also prolong synthesis of proliferation-sustaining cytokines such as IL-2. Here we show that EC co-stimulation results in the secretion of T cell IL-2, IL-3 and IFN-gamma and that in the absence of OX40 signals synthesis largely ceases by 12-18 h, but is prolonged up to 60 h in the presence of OX40 signaling. Blocking OX40-mediated cytokine expression at later times suppresses T cell proliferation and this can be overcome by addition of exogenous IL-2. We find that OX40 signaling has discrete effects on T cell activation as it does not affect expression of IL-10, CD25, CD69 or soluble IL-2R. Also, OX40 does not appear to alter IL-2 transcription, but rather acts to stabilize a subset of cytokine mRNAs, increasing their half-lives by 3-6-fold. We further show that OX40L induces activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphotidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) in T cells, and using specific inhibitors, we find that increased mRNA half-life is dependent upon both these pathways but is independent of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Thus, EC co-stimulation through OX40 leads to prolonged T cell cytokine synthesis and enhanced proliferation.
The Menstrual Cycle Alters Resting-State Cortical Activity: A Magnetoencephalography Study (2021)

Resting-state neural oscillations are used as biomarkers for functional diseases such as dementia, epilepsy, and stroke. However, accurate interpretation of clinical outcomes requires the identification and minimisation of potential confounding factors. While several studies have indicated that the menstrual cycle also alters brain activity, most of these studies were based on visual inspection rather than objective quantitative measures. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the effect of the menstrual cycle on spontaneous neural oscillations based on quantitative magnetoencephalography (MEG) parameters. Resting-state MEG activity was recorded from 25 healthy women with normal menstrual cycles. For each woman, resting-state brain activity was acquired twice using MEG: once during their menstrual period (MP) and once outside of this period (OP). Our results indicated that the median frequency and peak alpha frequency of the power spectrum were low, whereas Shannon spectral entropy was high, during the MP. Theta intensity within the right temporal cortex and right limbic system was significantly lower during the MP than during the OP. High gamma intensity in the left parietal cortex was also significantly lower during the MP than during the OP. Similar differences were also observed in the parietal and occipital regions between the proliferative (the late part of the follicular phase) and secretory phases (luteal phase). Our findings suggest that the menstrual cycle should be considered to ensure accurate interpretation of functional neuroimaging in clinical practice.
Efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto™ chewable tablets) for the treatment of naturally acquired Linognathus setosus infestations on dogs (2017)

Single oral fluralaner treatment eliminated natural L. setosus infestation on dogs within 28 days and led to complete dermatological recovery that was maintained until the study end on day 84. Single topical permethrin treatment reduced the number of L. setosus by 99.1% at day 28 although two animals required unscheduled re-treatment.
Fragment Optimization of Reversible Binding to the Switch II Pocket on KRAS Leads to a Potent, In Vivo Active KRAS G12C Inhibitor (2022)

Activating mutations in KRAS are the most frequent oncogenic alterations in cancer. The oncogenic hotspot position 12, located at the lip of the switch II pocket, offers a covalent attachment point for KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitors. To date, KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitors have been discovered by first covalently binding to the cysteine at position 12 and then optimizing pocket binding. We report on the discovery of the in vivo active KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitor BI-0474 using a different approach, in which small molecules that bind reversibly to the switch II pocket were identified and then optimized for non-covalent binding using structure-based design. Finally, the Michael acceptor containing warhead was attached. Our approach offers not only an alternative approach to discovering KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitors but also provides a starting point for the discovery of inhibitors against other oncogenic KRAS mutants.
Condensat de Bose-Einstein dans un piège anisotrope. Cohérence en phase et propriétés thermodynamiques (2004)

\n \nCet ouvrage s'intéresse aux propriétés d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein atomique dans un piège très \nanisotrope. Après une brève introduction théorique, nous présentons succinctement le dispositif et les techniques expérimentales qui ont permis de réaliser ces travaux, en insistant particulièrement sur l'analyse des images du nuage atomique ultrafroid après temps de vol. Nous nous intéressons ensuite au comportement du nuage thermique à des température proches de la \ntempérature critique. Nous mettons en particulier en évidence \nun décalage de la température critique et une réduction de \nla fraction condensée dus aux interactions, en bon accord avec \nune description de type Hartree-Fock du nuage mixte. Enfin, \nnous consacrons un part importante de cet ouvrage à l'étude \ndes fluctuations de phase dans un condensat très \nallongé (“quasi-1D”), étude basée sur la mesure de la distribution en\nimpulsion par spectroscopie de Bragg. Nous montrons expérimentalement et théoriquement \nqu'en présence de fluctuations de phase importantes, la distribution en impulsion est très proche d'une lorentzienne, et \nnotablement élargie par rapport à la distribution étroite et quasiment gaussienne attendue pour un vrai condensat. \nNos mesures de la largeur en impulsion, et l'observation de fluctuations de \ndensité fortement réduites par rapport à une distribution \nthermique “ordinaire”, confirment ainsi la validité de l'approche\nde Bogoliubov pour décrire les quasi-condensats en \ndimensionnalité réduite.\n\n
Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis ) Catechins (2003)

The trypanocidal action of green tea catechins against two different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi is reported for the first time. This activity was assayed with the nonproliferative bloodstream trypomastigote and with the intracellular replicative amastigote parasite forms. An ethyl acetate fraction from Camellia sinensis green tea leaves, which contains most of the polyphenolic compounds and the maximal trypanocidal activity, was obtained by fractionation of the aqueous extract with organic solvents. The active compounds present in this extract were further purified by LH-20 column chromatography and were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a photo diode array detector and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. The following flavan-3-ols derivatives, known as catechins, were identified: catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate. The purified compounds lysed more than 50% of the parasites present in the blood of infected BALB/c mice at concentrations as low as 0.12 to 85 pM. The most active compounds were gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate, with minimal bactericidal concentrations that inhibited 50% of isolates tested of 0.12 and 0.53 pM, respectively. The number of amastigotes in infected Vero cells decreased by 50% in the presence of each of these compounds at 100 nM. The effects of the catechins on the recombinant T. cruzi arginine kinase, a key enzyme in the energy metabolism of the parasite, were assayed. The activity of this enzyme was inhibited by about 50% by nanomolar concentrations of catechin gallate or gallocatechin gallate, whereas the other members of the group were less effective. On the basis of these results, we suggest that these compounds could be used to sterilize blood and, eventually, as therapeutic agents for Chagas' disease.
Metamaterial waveguides (2005)

Presents an abstract for the session paper for the above titled paper.
Analysis of memory referencing behavior for design of local memories (1988)

Memory referencing behavior is analyzed via the study of traces for the purpose of developing new local memory structures and management techniques. A novel trace processing technique called flattening reduces the dependence of the results on the underlying compiler and architecture on which the trace was generated, and partitions each memory location into its constituent values . The referencing patterns of each value in the resulting trace is described via statistics such as interreference time, lifetime, etc. The referencing patterns of the entire trace are described via histograms showing the distributions of the statistics for the individual values. The results of this analysis indicate the use of a program controlled cache to efficiently reduce the traffic from the cache to main memory. By using program control, the future knowledge of the compiler can be imparted to the cache, allowing the rejection of dead values and early replacement of values with long interreference times.
Synthesis, Purification by HPLC and Characterization of Monoiodoglucagon Labeled with Carrier Free125I: Use as Glucagon Receptor Probe (1983)

Methods are described: a to iodinate glucagon with carrier-free 125I using Iodogen© as the oxidizing agent and, b to purify from the reaction medium a mixture of [125I-Tyr10] monoiodoglucagon and [125I-Tyr13] monoiodoglucagon using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Efficacy of 3-D Reconstructed Time of Flight MRA Follow-up of the Embolized Cerebral Aneurysms (2006)

A follow-up of the embolized cerebral aneurysm with Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC) were performed mainly using craniograms and digital subtraction angiograms (DSA) so far.Recently, several authors have reported about efficacy of the time of flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) as a follow-up for the embolized cerebral aneurysms. In our institution, 3-D reconstructed TOF MRAs have been performed as a follow-up of the embolized cerebral aneurysms.We examined efficacy of 3-D reconstructed TOF MRA. 3-D TOF MRA was performed for a followup of the embolized cerebral aneurysms at our outpatient clinic in 35 patients. Morphological examination of the 3-D images between 3-D TOF MRA and 3-D DSA was performed. Almost similar images of 3-D MRA were obtained after 3-D reconstruction as compared with those of 3-D DSA. In three cases, recanalization was suspected in the 3-D TOF MRA. And recanalization was confirmed in the 3-D DSA actually. A quality of 3-D TOF MRA for a diagnosis of recanalization was good and practical. However, in two cases, arteries were partially disappeared in the 3-D TOF MRA.These were the artifact due to coil mass and this is a current limitation of 3-D TOF MRA. The images of 3-D TOF MRA that were reconstructed in the 3-D workstation were very similar to those of 3-D DSA. 3-D reconstructed TOF MRA was very useful for a less-invasive diagnosis of a recanalization of the embolized cerebral aneurysms.
Viscosity of guar gum and xanthan/guar gum mixture solutions (2000)

The viscosity of diluted guar gum solutions and the viscosity of xanthan and guar gum mixture solutions have been studied. Guar gum solutions showed pseudoplastic behaviour. Apparent viscosity increased with gum concentration and decreased with the temperature at which viscosity was measured. A maximum in the plot of viscosity versus increasing dissolution temperature was observed at 60 °C. This behaviour was related to differences in molecular structure of the polymers solved at different temperatures. Mixtures of xanthan and guar gum showed a higher combined viscosity than that occurring in each separate gum. This synergistic interaction was affected by the gum ratio in the mixture and dissolution temperature of both gums. The effect of polysaccharide concentration (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg m−3), xanthan/guar gum ratio (1/5, 4/2, 3/3, 4/2 and 5/1) and dissolution temperature (25, 40, 60 and 80 °C for both gums) on the viscosity of solutions of mixtures were studied. The highest viscosities were observed when 2.0 kg m−3 gum concentration was used together with a ratio of xanthan/guar gum of 3/3 (w/w) and dissolution temperature of 40 and 80 °C for xanthan and guar gum, respectively. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
A quantitative framework for modeling and analyzing flash memory wear leveling algorithms (2010)

Flash memory is emerging as an enabling technology rapidly changing the landscape of storage systems via its many desirable properties such as low power consumption and high random I/O throughput. However, due to its physical characteristics, flash cells have limited erase (program) cycles. To increase endurance and reliability, flash memory based devices employ certain wear leveling algorithms. But so far there hasn't been a rigorous mathematical tool to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of various wear leveling algorithms. In this paper, a mathematical framework is presented to model whole block wear leveling in flash-based devices using probabilistic models of workloads, strategies and wear level states. Then equations are derived for the distribution of wear levels to enable quantitative analysis and evaluation of wear leveling algorithms for flash memory based devices.
Network confinement and heterogeneity slows nanoparticle diffusion in polymer gels (2017)

Nanoparticle (NP) diffusion was measured in polyacrylamide gels (PAGs) with a mesh size comparable to the NP size, 21 nm. The confinement ratio (CR), NP diameter/mesh size, increased from 0.4 to 3.8 by increasing crosslinker density and from 0.4 to 2.1 by adding acetone, which collapsed the PAGs. In all gels, NPs either became localized, moving less than 200 nm, diffused microns, or exhibited a combination of these behaviors, as measured by single particle tracking. Mean squared displacements (MSDs) of mobile NPs decreased as CR increased. In collapsed gels, the localized NP population increased and MSD of mobile NPs decreased compared to crosslinked PAGs. For all CRs, van Hove distributions exhibited non-Gaussian displacements, consistent with intermittent localization of NPs. The non-Gaussian parameter increased from a maximum of 1.5 for crosslinked PAG to 5 for collapsed PAG, consistent with greater network heterogeneity in these gels. Diffusion coefficients decreased exponentially as CR increased for crosslinked gels; however, in collapsed gels, the diffusion coefficients decreased more strongly, which was attributed to network heterogeneity. Collapsing the gel resulted in an increasingly tortuous pathway for NPs, slowing diffusion at a given CR. Understanding how gel structure affects NP mobility will allow the design and enhanced performance of gels that separate and release molecules in membranes and drug delivery platforms.
Inference on High-dimensional Single-index Models with Streaming Data (2022)

Traditional statistical methods are faced with new challenges due to streaming data. The major challenge is the rapidly growing volume and velocity of data, which makes storing such huge datasets in memory impossible. The paper presents an online inference framework for regression parameters in high-dimensional semiparametric single-index models with unknown link functions. The proposed online procedure updates only the current data batch and summary statistics of historical data instead of re-accessing the entire raw data set. At the same time, we do not need to estimate the unknown link function, which is a highly challenging task. In addition, a generalized convex loss function is used in the proposed inference procedure. To illustrate the proposed method, we use the Huber loss function and the logistic regression model's negative log-likelihood. In this study, the asymptotic normality of the proposed online debiased Lasso estimators and the bounds of the proposed online Lasso estimators are investigated. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, extensive simulation studies have been conducted. We provide applications to Nasdaq stock prices and financial distress datasets.
S05.2 Challenges and Opportunities: Potentials in Research on AMR Gonococci (2013)

Although gonorrhoea has afflicted humans for centuries and the causative bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , was identified over a century ago, gonorrhoea remains a global public health problem. Stepwise acquisition of genetic mutations has conferred gradually increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics, thus limiting their usage for presumptive therapy. Until recently cephalosporins have remained the foundation of treatment, but growing evidence suggests that resistance is emerging. Even as researchers work to understanding the genetic mutations required for cephalosporin resistance, it is clear that new treatment options are needed. This presents a challenge as the number of new systemic antimicrobials evaluated and approved each year by regulatory agencies has steadily fallen over the past 30 years. Currently one new antimicrobial is undergoing clinical study as a potential treatment of gonorrhoea. An alternative strategy is to repurpose older antibiotics by studying the efficacy of dual therapy combinations of existing antimicrobials. Ultimately new antimicrobial development is needed now, since the development process can take more than a decade. Detecting and responding to emergence of multidrug resistant gonorrhoea remains a challenge. Rapid detection of resistant infections is facilitated by local antimicrobial susceptibility testing, which requires live organisms isolated by culture. However, as the use of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have expanded, the number of N. gonorrhoeae cultures performed by public health laboratories decreased rapidly and the capacity of laboratories to perform culture has declined. An alternative strategy is to develop molecular assays for detecting genetic mutations associated with resistance or susceptibility to specific antimicrobials to guide antibiotic selection by the clinician at the point of care. Even with this potential, molecular assays may not be able to supplant culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing for surveillance to detect novel resistance phenotypes and genotypes. Ultimately a gonococcal vaccine may be the most effective public health strategy.
Rapid Fluorescence Assessment of the Viability of Stressed Lactococcus lactis (1999)

The aim of this study was to establish the use of the fluorescent probes carboxyfluorescein (cF) and propidium iodide (PI) for rapid assessment of viability, using Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ML3 exposed to different stress treatments. The cF labeling indicated the reproductive capacity of mixtures of nontreated cells and cells killed at 70 degrees C very well. However, after treatment up to 60 degrees C the fraction of cF-labeled cells remained high, whereas the survival decreased for cells treated at above 50 degrees C and was completely lost for those treated at 60 degrees C. In an extended series of experiments, cell suspensions were exposed to heating, freezing, low pH, or bile salts, after which the colony counts, acidification capacity, glycolytic activity, PI exclusion, cF labeling, and cF efflux were measured and compared. The acidification capacity corresponded with the number of CFU. The glycolytic activity, which is an indicator of vitality, was more sensitive to the stress conditions than the reproduction, acidification, and fluorescence parameters. The cF labeling depended on membrane integrity, as was confirmed by PI exclusion. The fraction of cF-labeled cells was not a general indicator of reproduction or acidification, nor was PI exclusion or cF labeling capacity (the internal cF concentration). When the cells were labeled by cF, a subsequent lactose-energized efflux assay was needed for decisive viability assessment. This novel assay proved to be a good and rapid indicator of the reproduction and acidification capacities of stressed L. lactis and has potential for physiological research and dairy applications related to lactic acid bacteria.
On optimal input design and model selection for communication channels (2013)

In this paper, the optimal model (structure) selection and input design that minimize the worst case identification error for communication systems are provided. The problem is formulated using metric complexity theory in a Hilbert space setting. It is pointed out that model selection and input design can be handled independently. Kolmogorov n-width is used to characterize the representation error introduced by model selection, while Gel'fand and Time n-widths are used to represent the inherent error introduced by input design. After the model is selected, an optimal input which minimizes the worst case identification error is shown to exist. In particular, it is proven that the optimal model for reducing the representation error is a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) model, and the optimal input is an impulse at the start of the observation interval. Numerical results are presented to show the verification and determine the accuracy of the FIR filter model and impulse pilot signal.
Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2005)

Iron supplementation improves mental development score modestly. This effect is particularly apparent for intelligence tests above 7 years of age and in initially anaemic or iron-deficient anaemic subjects. There is no convincing evidence that iron treatment has an effect on mental development in children below 27 months of age or on motor development.
Enlargement of the WHO international repository for platelet transfusion‐relevant bacteria reference strains (2017)

The WHO ECBS approved all bacterial strains (except M. morganiiPEI-B-P-74 and S. choleraesuisPEI-B-P-78) for repository enlargement. The strains were stable, suitable for spiking with low CFU numbers, and proliferation was independent of the PC donor.
Simulations of the mechanical properties of crystalline, nanocrystalline, and amorphous SiC and Si (2007)

Molecular-dynamics simulations of crystalline (c), nanocrystalline (nc), and amorphous (a) silicon carbides and silicon were carried out to investigate their vibrational and mechanical properties. The atomic configurations, vibrational spectra, and stress-strain curves were calculated at room temperature. In the case of the nanocrystalline structures, these characteristics were analyzed as functions of grain size. Young's and bulk modul and yield and flow stresses were determined from uniaxial deformation of samples under periodic boundary constraints and from experiments on rod extension. For silicon carbides, Young's modulus and flow stress decrease in the sequence ``c-nc-a,'' and with decreasing grain size, which is attributed to a weakening of the Si--C bonds in the amorphous matrix. The enhancement of the strength properties of the homopolar nc--Si structures is attributed to their deformation anisotropy. The calculated vibrational spectra and Young's moduli are in rather good agreement with the corresponding experimental characteristics.
[Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: improved dental care and oral health rather than systematic antibiotic prophylaxis?]. (2008)

Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis has been recommended on the basis of the supposed pathophysiology of the disease, although no randomised clinical trial has confirmed its efficacy. Bacteraemia resulting from daily activities is much more likely to cause infective endocarditis than bacteraemia associated with invasive medical procedures. As a result, recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis tend now to be severely restricted.