gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Les effets de la quantité et de la qualité des protéines du régime sur la croissance, la composition corporelle et la variation des activités de certaines enzymes du métabolisme du glucose chez le rat en croissance (1978)

quantit et de la qualit
A new, highly-sensitive dosimetric composition based on a solution of rhodamine B lactone in chloroform (1997)

A dosimetric composition based on a solution of rhodamine B lactone in chloroform saturated with water and air has been developed; this allows measurement of absorbed doses within the range 0.04–38 Gy at dose rates up to 6×108 Gy s–1.
Humoral Immune Responses of Type 1 Diabetes Patients to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Lend Support to the Infectious Trigger Hypothesis (2007)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a zoonotic pathogen whose association with Crohn's disease in humans is under scrutiny. The objective of this work was to investigate its association with other chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where the involvement of a persistent pathogen such as M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis could be the trigger. For this purpose, 59 diabetic patients and 59 healthy controls were investigated for the presence of antibodies against two recombinant proteins of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the whole-cell lysate. Extremely significant humoral immune responses to recombinant heparin binding hemagglutinin and glycosyl transferase proteins and the whole-cell lysates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli were observed in T1DM patients and compared to those of healthy controls. Finding evidence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis involvement in T1DM is perhaps a novel finding that might serve as a foundation stone in establishing an infectious etiology for T1DM.
Ginseng and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Control of Stress (1981)

There are a group of so-called tonic remedies in Far Eastern medicine which are traditionally viewed as harmonizing or adjustive. Ginseng and eleutherococcus are the best known, and there is evidence that they increase arousal, stamina and stress resistance. We have attempted to explore the relationship between the behavioral and the stress effects, and to relate this to traditional concepts. In one series of experiments mice were given ginseng throughout their lifespan. At intervals their behavior response to mild stress was examined and found to be exaggerated compared to controls without ginseng. However, normal ambulatory behavior in the absence of stress was unaffected. A second series of experiments indicated that the binding of corticosteroid to certain brain regions was increased in adrenalectomized rats given ginseng saponin, compared to saline treated controls. This can be interpreted as a result of an increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal sensitivity caused by ginseng saponin. This is in accord with traditional concepts of the use of these remedies.
Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after vestibular schwannoma surgery by reconstruction of the drilled porus acusticus with hydroxyapatite bone cement (2007)

The use of HAC in the reconstruction of the drilled posterior wall of the porus acusticus, occluding exposed air cells, greatly reduces the risk of CSF rhinorrhea.
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Alcoholics, Alcoholics with Drug Dependence, and Cocaine Addicts (1994)

The main objective of this investigation was to study the influence of drug dependence on platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the presence and absence of alcoholism. One hundred and thirteen admissions to alcohol and drug treatment facilities participated in the study. Twenty-six met the criteria for alcoholism (group I), seventy-eight subjects were alcohol-/cocaine- and cannabis-dependent (group II), and the remaining nine were patients with DSM-III-R diagnosis of cocaine addiction (group III). MAO activity was assayed radiochemically with [14C]tyramine as a substrate (221 microM). The results of this study showed that platelet MAO activity [nmol of product formed x (mg protein)-1 x hr-1] (mean +/- SE) was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in all of these subjects (group I, 5.50 +/- 0.80; group II, 3.90 +/- 0.50; group III, 4.3 +/- 1.60) as compared with controls (14.85 +/- 1.13). Measurements of platelet MAO activity may provide us with a reliable biochemical marker for alcoholism and perhaps addiction to other substances of abuse (i.e., cocaine).
Whole genome sequencing elucidates the species-wide diversity and evolution of fungicide resistance in the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani (2021)

Abstract Early blight of potato is caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani and is an increasing problem worldwide. The primary strategy to control the disease is applying fungicides such as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI). SDHI-resistant strains, showing reduced sensitivity to treatments, appeared in Germany in 2013, five years after the introduction of SDHIs. Two primary mutations in the Sdh complex (SdhB-H278Y and SdhC-H134R) have been frequently found throughout Europe. How these resistances arose and spread, and whether they are linked to other genomic features, remains unknown. We performed whole-genome sequencing for A. solani isolates from potato fields across Europe (Germany, Sweden, Belgium, and Serbia) to better understand the pathogen’s genetic diversity in general and understand the development and spread of the genetic mutations that lead to SDHI resistance. We used ancestry analysis and phylogenetics to determine the genetic background of 48 isolates. The isolates can be grouped into 7 genotypes. These genotypes do not show a geographical pattern but appear spread throughout Europe. The Sdh mutations appear in different genetic backgrounds, suggesting they arose independently, and the observed admixtures might indicate a higher adaptive potential in the fungus than previously thought. Our research gives insights into the genetic diversity of A. solani on a genome level. The mixed occurrence of different genotypes and apparent admixture in the populations indicate higher genomic complexity than anticipated. The conclusion that SDHI tolerance arose multiple times independently has important implications for future fungicide resistance management strategies. These should not solely focus on preventing the spread of isolates between locations but also on limiting population size and the selective pressure posed by fungicides in a given field to avoid the rise of new mutations in other genetic backgrounds.
Lateral Load-Resisting System Using Mass Timber Panel for High-Rise Buildings (2017)

As global interest in using engineered wood products in tall buildings intensifies due to the ‘green’ credential of wood, it is expected that more tall wood buildings will be designed and constructed in the coming years. This, however, brings new challenges to the designers. One of the major challenges is how to design lateral load resisting systems with sufficient stiffness, strength and ductility to resist strong wind and earthquakes. In this study, a hybrid lateral load resisting system (LLRS) using mass timber on stiff podium was developed for high-rise buildings in accordance with capacity-based design principle. The LLRS consisted of shear walls and a shear core, both made of structural composite lumber, connected with dowel-type connections and heavy-duty HSK (wood-steel-composite) system. The wood-based panel-to-panel interface was designed to be the main energy dissipating mechanism of the system. This proposed system was implemented in the design of a hypothetical 20-storey building. A refined finite element model of the building was developed using general-purpose finite element software, ABAQUS. The wind-induced and seismic response of the building model was investigated by performing linear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses. The analysis results proved that the proposed LLRS using mass timber was suitable for high-rise buildings. This study provides a valuable insight into the structural performance of lateral load resisting system constructed with mass timber panels as a viable option to steel and concrete for high-rise buildings.
Development of low elastic modulus die attach material and clean cure process (2002)

Thermal stress in a large silicon die bonded to a copper lead frame was investigated using the finite-element method and a die-bonding experiment. It was found that even curing at a temperature as low as 100 degrees C is not sufficient to reduce the thermal stress and that decreasing the Young's modulus of the die-bond adhesive to less than 100 MPa is more effective than lowering the cure temperature. Based upon the calculation results, silicon elastomer with a hydrosilylation reaction curing mechanism was selected as a die-bond adhesive, considering both reliability and productivity. Volatile organic species such as cyclic siloxane were intensively removed from the adhesive to minimize contamination on the die surface. Furthermore, a clean curing process was developed to increase the process margin. The newly developed die-bond adhesive, together with the novel curing system, has enabled the bonding of a large die to a copper lead frame with good reliability and productivity. This technology has been applied to the assembly of memory device packages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A new type of composite all-metal electron emitter for valves and electron-optical devices (1967)

Tungsten wires coated with a mixture of tungsten powder, metallic thorium and a small addition of zirconium are found to have emission densities an order of magnitude better than thoriated-tungsten emitters at the same temperatures, and currents up to 30 A cm-2 can be drawn. A further improvement is achieved if the tungsten powder is replaced by tungsten carbide. These cathodes can be operated at temperatures up to 1600°C, where a chemical change occurs. Replacing thorium by metallic lanthanum allows the lowering of the temperatures at equal emission by 200 degC. The safe limiting density is about 10 A cm-2 in either case. Replacing zirconium by hafnium allows emission densities of about 100 A cm-2 to be achieved before a chemical change occurs. The new cathodes make it possible to increase the intrinsic brightness in electron-optical devices by an order of magnitude over pure tungsten cathodes, at comparable lives.
Risk Factors for BK Viruria, Viremia, and Nephropathy After Living Renal Transplantation. (2014)

Introduction: From 2008 to 2013, 214 live donor-recipient pairs were investigated before and after renal transplantation (tx) for risk factors for BK viral (BKV) infection (viruria, viremia) and nephropathy (BKVN). Methods: Urine and blood of donors and recipients were tested by quant. PCR (Cepheid-Affigene Kit) before and of recipients after tx (every 3 mos in all and monthly in viremic patients). Recipients with BKV infection and nephropathy were compared with those without in order to find risk factors. In donors and recipients with pre-tx viral replication, VP1 typing of the BKV subtypes was done and compared with that of post-tx infected recipients. Results: 85 of 214 recipients (40%) had post-tx BKV infection: 10% viruria alone, 29% viruria/viremia, and 10% additionally BKVN. Presumed risk factors were compared between post-tx infected (n=85) and non-infected (n=129) recipients: pre-tx viral replication in urine and/or blood of donor and/or recipient, 48 vs 19% (OR 4.1, p<0.0001); ATG-induction, 7 vs 9% (OR 0.7, ns); ABO incompatible tx, 20 vs 25% (OR 0.8, ns); preceding rejection, 28 vs 23%, (OR 1.3, ns); prior renal tx or PRA>20%, 11 vs 8% (OR 1.4, ns); prior other organ tx, 11 vs 8% (OR 2.3, ns); HLA mismatches >3, 45 vs 42% (OR 1.02, ns); donor age >50 yrs, 64 vs 57% (OR 1.3, ns); recipient age >40 yrs, 60 vs 60% (OR 1.0, ns); preceding dialysis >12 mos, 51 vs 47% (OR 1.2, ns). A multivariable logistic regression revealed that only pre-tx viral replication of donor and/or recipient was a factor separating the groups (OR 4.1, p<0.0001). Among recipients with BKVN (n=22), urine and blood became earlier BKV pos. than in patients with viruria/viremia (n=63) (urine, median 49 vs 75 days, p<0.0001; blood, 57 vs 180 days, p<0.0001). In 27 donor-recipient pairs a comparison of the BKV subtypes of pre-tx replicating donor and/or recipient and post-tx infected recipient was possible and made in 24 of 27 pairs the infection by the donor probable. Conclusion: Among 11 tested presumed risk factors for BKV-infection, pre-tx viral replication was the most important one. In recipients with BKVN, time for positivity of urine and blood was significantly shorter than in recipients with viruria/viremia. BKV-transmission by the donor is an important way of post-tx infection of the recipient.
Evolución de la composición y textura de un queso de oveja en la maduración (1999)

Four cheese batches have been analysed throughout a three months ripening period. Composition of cheese [pH, moisture, protein, fat and water soluble nitrogen (SN)] and texture characteristics (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and adhesiveness) have been determined. The study of these parameters was performed in two cheese areas, the medium and the internal area. Composition and texture parameters evolution was significantly affected by ripening stage and cheese area. Springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness presented a similar behaviour, decreasing throughout the three months of ripening and being higher in the internal than in the medium cheese area. On the other hand, adhesiveness progresively increased during ageing and did not differ depending on cheese area. Finally, hardness decreased from day 1 to day 30, increasing from then on. The medium area presented a higher hardness value than the internal one at the end of ripening.
Long-term stability in the frequency characteristics of a highly-frequency-stabilized light source in the 1.55-µm band (1995)

Light sources with stable and reliable frequencies are required as frequency references in optical-fiber communications, for example, in a wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) system. Research to achieve such technology is now being enthusiastically promoted. However, there is no conventional stable laser source in the 1.55-µm wavelength band. We have stabilized the frequency of a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) with the lasing frequency locked to the bottom of the HCN absorption line.1 In this paper we present the long-term stability of this frequency-stabilized light source.
A Data‐Driven Approach to Realistic Shape Morphing (2013)

Abstract Morphing between 3D objects is a fundamental technique in computer graphics. Traditional methods of shape morphing focus on establishing meaningful correspondences and finding smooth interpolation between shapes. Such methods however only take geometric information as input and thus cannot in general avoid producing unnatural interpolation, in particular for large‐scale deformations. This paper proposes a novel data‐driven approach for shape morphing. Given a database with various models belonging to the same category, we treat them as data samples in the plausible deformation space. These models are then clustered to form local shape spaces of plausible deformations. We use a simple metric to reasonably represent the closeness between pairs of models. Given source and target models, the morphing problem is casted as a global optimization problem of finding a minimal distance path within the local shape spaces connecting these models. Under the guidance of intermediate models in the path, an extended as‐rigid‐as‐possible interpolation is used to produce the final morphing. By exploiting the knowledge of plausible models, our approach produces realistic morphing for challenging cases as demonstrated by various examples in the paper.
Optimum condition of second-harmonic generation in a medium with the second- and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities (1990)

Second-harmonic generation is investigated for a medium with second-and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities. All possible solutions assuming zero initial value for the second harmonic are obtained. Based on the analysis, the optimal condition for second-harmonic generation is deduced. A theoretical 100% conversion from the fundamental to the second harmonic is expected when the condition for phase optimization is met. Even when the condition is not satisfied, a possible best efficiency can be sought by estimating a figure of merit Δ T = (½| P|)| Δ k/R –QR|, where R is the field intensity of input beam, Δ k is the phase mismatch, and B and Q are combinations of the second- and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities, which depend on the angles between the optic axis and the input beam. Generally, as Δ T is reduced, a higher efficiency can be obtained. Hence, the concept of phase matching should be modified to that of phase optimization when the term QR is comparable with Δ k/R. A higher efficiency will be obtained if the medium has higher B (i.e., the second-order nonlinearity) or if | Δ k/R–QR | is minimized.
Scattering Induced Spin Separation at Zero Bias (2007)

We show that in gyrotropic semiconductor structures spin‐dependent asymmetry of electron scattering induces a spin separation which, in contrast to the spin Hall effect, does not require an electric current to flow. The effect is observed in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structures at free‐carrier absorption of terahertz (THz) radiation. Microscopic theory based on asymmetry of photoexcitation and relaxation is developed being in a good agreement with experiment.
<title>Diffraction strain sensor for micromeasurements</title> (2001)

IN this paper, a novel compact strain sensor using grating diffraction method this method is presented. The grating generally with a frequency of 1200 lines/mm attached on the surface of a specimen is illuminated by a focused laser beam. The centroids of diffracted beam spots from the gratin is automatically determined with two position-sensitive detector (PSD) sensors connected to a personal computer. The shift of diffracted beam spots due to the specimen deformation is then detected. The influences of noise sources and system geometry on system performances, such as sensitivity, spatial resolution, strain range and measurement linearity are discussed. Strain sensitivity of 1 micro-strain can be achieved. The spatial resolution, for strain measurement of 0.4 mm is attainable. The system can be used for continuous measurement and for both static and dynamic test.
Testing the Pairwise Additive Potential Approximation Using DFT: Coadsorption of CO and N on Rh(100) (2005)

The interaction between adsorbates is a key issue in surface science, because these interactions can influence strongly the properties of chemisorbed species with consequences for the thermodynamics and kinetics of surface processes. The simplest representation of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions is based on the assumption that all interactions are pairwise additive. This approach has been satisfactorily used in the modeling of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra using both continuum and Monte Carlo methods. However, the energies estimated within the pairwise approximation have never been compared to the energies calculated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. We demonstrate that the pairwise additive potential approximation is indeed a good representation of the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, and that we do not need to include three-body interactions or higher-order terms to estimate the perturbation of the adsorption energy of an adsorbate by the presence of other coadsorbates. Moreover, we show for the first time how DFT can be used to explain the desorption features that one finds in TPD experiments, thus linking the TPD desorption features with actual microscopic configurations.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW β‐LACTAM SYNTHESIS (1982)

Abstract Entsprechende Acylsul?imate (V), die z.B, durch Allwholyse der zius den Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen N‐(′hlorstilfonylarnide (III) zugänglich sind.
Psychometric functions for rough voice quality. (2010)

Dysphonic voices arising from laryngeal lesions are generally believed to vary across three perceptual dimensions—breathiness, roughness, and strain. This experiment sought to evaluate the psychometric functions for roughness and to determine the acoustic cues for its perception. Ten normal-hearing listeners, all native speakers of American English, were recruited for this experiment. The perception of roughness in dysphonic voices was evaluated for 34 voices from the Kay Elemetrics Disordered Voice Database (Kay-Pentax, Inc., Lincoln, NJ). Listeners compared the roughness of these test stimuli against that for a sawtooth wave with a 40-Hz squared-cosine amplitude modulation (AM). The modulation depth of the sawtooth wave was varied from low to high in a paired comparison task. Psychometric functions for roughness were derived by plotting the listener response for each stimulus pair against the modulation depth of AM sawtooth wave. The data for each stimulus were fitted with a logistic function, and various parameters (threshold, slope, and saturation point) were computed. These parameters were then compared to various acoustic measures obtained from each voice to determine candidate acoustic cues for roughness.
Integrative statistical methods for exposure mixtures and health (2020)

Humans are concurrently exposed to chemically, structurally and toxicologically diverse chemicals. A critical challenge for environmental epidemiology is to quantify the risk of adverse health outcomes resulting from exposures to such chemical mixtures and to identify which mixture constituents may be driving etiologic associations. A variety of statistical methods have been proposed to address these critical research questions. However, they generally rely solely on measured exposure and health data available within a specific study. Advancements in understanding of the role of mixtures on human health impacts may be better achieved through the utilization of external data and knowledge from multiple disciplines with innovative statistical tools. In this paper we develop new methods for health analyses that incorporate auxiliary information about the chemicals in a mixture, such as physicochemical, structural and/or toxicological data. We expect that the constituents identified using auxiliary information will be more biologically meaningful than those identified by methods that solely utilize observed correlations between measured exposure. We develop flexible Bayesian models by specifying prior distributions for the exposures and their effects that include auxiliary information and examine this idea over a spectrum of analyses from regression to factor analysis. The methods are applied to study the effects of volatile organic compounds on emergency room visits in Atlanta. We find that including cheminformatic information about the exposure variables improves prediction and provides a more interpretable model for emergency room visits for respiratory diseases.
Development of a gas-promoted oil agglomeration process. Technical progress report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 (1995)

Several scale model mixing systems have been built and are being utilized to study the gas-promoted, oil agglomeration process for cleaning coal. Numerous batch agglomeration tests have been conducted with these systems. During an individual test the progress of agglomeration has been monitored by observing either changes in agitator torque in the case of concentrated particle suspensions or changes in turbidity in the case of dilute suspensions. A mathematical model has been developed for relating the rate of agglomeration of coal particles to the rate of change of turbidity of a dilute particle suspension undergoing agglomeration. The model has been utilized for analyzing and interpreting the results of a number of oil agglomeration tests in which several different system parameters were varied.