gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
R-bar guidance strategy design for the final translation of space rendezvous and docking (2013)

Aimed at the problem of forced motion along Line of sight of final translation phase of space rendezvous and docking, straight line guidance algorithms of R-bar based on Clohessy-Wiltshire equation are investigated. The guidance laws using impulsive propulsion and finite thrust are designed, and the guidance conditions for optimal-fuel are obtained. Numerical simulation is done to illustrate and analyze the guidance algorithms, and simulation results show that the proposed approaches are simple and efficient, and the guidance law using impulsive thrust costs less fuel and time than that using finite thrust.
Anionic iodotyrosine residues are required for iodothyronine synthesis (1998)

Biosynthesis of iodothyronines in thyroglobulin occurs by oxidative coupling of two iodotyrosine residues catalyzed by thyroperoxidase. To study the mechanism of iodothyronine formation, iodine-free thyroglobulin was non-enzymatically iodinated and after removal of non-incorporated iodide, incubated with lactoperoxidase and glucose oxidase between pH 4 and 9. The amount of thyroxine (T4). 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine (rT3) and 3,3'-di-iodothyronine (T2) formed was measured by radioimmunoassays after hydrolysis of thyroglobulin. T4 is synthesized out of two di-iodotyrosine (DIT) residues in thyroglobulin. The pH dependence of T4 formation fits the dissociation curve of the DIT phenoxy group (pKa 6.5). The formation of T2, synthesized out of two mono-iodotyrosine (MIT) residues, shows a quite different pH dependence. Below pH 6, T2 synthesis could not be observed, while above pH 7.4 a relatively large increase occurred. The values up to pH 8 fitted the dissociation curve of the MIT-phenoxy group with a pKa of 8.7. The gradual loss in enzymatic activity of peroxidase and oxidase in the reaction made the values obtained above pH 8 unreliable. The importance of the ionization of the phenoxy group for the coupling reaction was further consolidated by showing that the pH-dependent oxidation of 2-methoxy-phenol (guaiacol) had 50% maximal product formation at pH 7, a value concordant with pKa 7.0 for the ionization of the phenoxy group of this agent. T3 and rT3 synthesis followed mainly the ionization curve of the inner-ring hydroxyl group, indicating that this ring has the greatest influence on hormonogenesis. Since anion formation facilitates the removal of an electron under oxidative conditions, the pH dependence agrees with the involvement of phenoxy radicals in iodothyronine synthesis, a process that most likely also occurs in vivo since it is mainly T4 that is formed in thyroglobulin.
Slow morphology evolution of block copolymer–quantum dot hybrid networks in solution (2013)

When 2-propanol is added to a chloroform solution containing a mixture of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) plus a polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer (PS404-b-P4VP76, the subscripts refer to the degree of polymerization), the block copolymer assembles into uniform 40 nm diameter spherical micelles with a PS core and a thin P4VP corona to which the QDs are attached. As we reported in Macromolecules, 2010, 43, 5066–5074, vigorous magnetic stirring of this mixture over two days leads to a change in morphology to finite (1 to 2 μm) networks consisting of interconnected cylindrical PS struts surrounded by a P4VP corona in which the QDs are embedded. Here we find that these networks settle but do not lose their structure if allowed to age without stirring. Continued vigorous stirring over one month leads to a complete change in morphology, to form clusters of oval-shaped vesicles similar in size to the networks, in which individual vesicles are a few hundred nm long. Some of the vesicles appear to have popped open to form pairs of bowl-like structures. These bowls are single-walled structures, with walls similar in thickness (35 to 40 nm) to the core of the micelles formed in the initial step. We believe the walls consist of a PS core with P4VP chains protruding from the inner and out surfaces. The QDs are attached to both surfaces of both the vesicles and the bowls, presumably still embedded in the P4VP corona. These colloidal nanocomposites provide a striking example of kinetically controlled self-assembly in which the system evolves from small spheres of high curvature to cylinders of lower curvature, to larger vesicles, and each step takes place on its own characteristic time scale.
Evaluation of the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Children With Achalasia (2000)

Botulinum toxin effectively initiates the resolution of symptoms associated with achalasia in children. However, one half of patients are expected to need an additional procedure approximately 7 months after one injection session. The authors recommend that botulinum toxin be used only for children with achalasia who are poor candidates for either pneumatic dilatation or surgery.
Stable, self-ballasting field emission from zinc oxide nanowires grown on an array of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (2010)

A structure composed of zinc oxide nanowires (ZNWs) grown hydrothermally on an array of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was fabricated and its field emission properties determined and compared with bare CNF arrays. The combination produced a macroscopic turn-on field of 1.2 V/μm which was found to be the lowest reported from ZNWs deposited on a two-dimensional substrate and much less than the equivalent CNFs array (5.2 V/μm). Crucially, field emission was found to be much more stable at higher pressures of 5×10−6 mbar without exhibiting current degradation for a fixed external field, while emitting with a current density of 1 mA/cm2, the current density typically required for backlighting and field emission displays. We propose a self-ballasting mechanism, in which the low carrier density in the zinc oxide prevents current runaway in the presence of adsorbed species.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Homoleptic Tellurium Cyanides Te(CN)x: Crystal Structure of Te(CN)2 (2004)

Abstract The labile tellurium cyanide species Te(CN) 2 and Te(CN) 4 have been prepared by treatment of tellurium( IV ) tetrahalides with cyanide. Both are thermosensitive solids and, in addition, the tetracyanide was found to be pyrophoric. The crystal structure of Te(CN) 2 has been determined. The structures of Te(CN) 2 , Te(CN) 4 , and Te(CN) 6 have been calculated at various levels of theory. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Physical-aware gating element insertion for thermal-safe scan shift operation (2017)

Additional gating elements are inserted at the outputs of scan flip-flop to freeze unnecessary transitions from scan flip-flops to combinational logic such that the hot temperature is avoided during scan shift. This paper presents a new physical-aware gating element insertion method performed after initial cell placement while satisfying timing and placement density constraints, thus it avoids hotspots during scan shift operation.
Student reactions to "friend" requests from unlikely sources (2009)

This study examined student reactions to Facebook “friend” requests from their professor, boss and mother. We found students were most likely to accept a “friend” request and to have positive reactions (amused, pleased, honored) to such requests from their boss or mother. The more positive the students’ opinion of the “friend” request source, the more likely they were to have positive reactions and the less likely they were to have negative reactions. Significant gender differences were also found. These findings and implications for management educators are discussed.
Improved Aluminized Multilayer Insulation (1988)

In blanket of insulating material, layers of aluminized Mylar polyethylene terephthalate separated by spacers cause mutliple reflections of thermal radiation and impede passage of radiation through blanket. Insulating quality of blanket proportional to number of functional aluminized radiation-shield surfaces in assembly.
Concurrent magnetic resonance and diffuse luminescence imaging for hypoxic tumor characterization (2011)

In this paper we present the details of a Diffuse Optical Tomographic (DOT) prototype instrument developed and characterized at RMD for concurrent operation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to obtain high resolution spatial and functional images of hypoxic tumor tissue. We have developed a new system designed for in-vivo imaging of luminescent agents that respond to tissue oxygenation to improve the contrast and spatial resolution of functional optical images in deep tissue. High-resolution spatial and anatomical information obtained from MRI images is used to improve the accuracy of the reconstructed optical images. The time domain lifetime imaging module has parallel acquisition across a cooled 16-element avalanche photodiode (APD) array for high resolution and high throughput imaging. The low-cost, compact lifetime imager is compatible with high magnetic and RF fields associated with MR units in hybrid imaging systems. Using this APD module in a dual-modality imaging setup, phantom imaging was performed to obtain oxygenation images with high resolution and contrast. Optical image reconstruction is aided by spatial guidance obtained from the actual phantom dimensions to improve the accuracy of these images.
Virology in Peril and the Greater Risk To Science (2022)

Late in 2019, a new zoonotic viral pathogen entered the human population: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It spread rapidly and relentlessly, inflicting great harm. Governments were unprepared to deal with it. Health care workers had to learn how to treat patients on the fly, devoting countless hours to care and putting themselves at risk. Schools and businesses closed, and most of the world found itself under lockdowns and other types of restrictions. Uncertainty loomed. How many people would get sick and die? What would the effects be on the economy? How far behind would our children fall in their education and social skill development? How long would it take to find a cure or a vaccine?
Lebetimonas acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, acidophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph within the ‘Epsilonproteobacteria’, isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal fumarole in the Mariana Arc (2005)

A novel thermophilic, acidophilic bacterium, designated strain Pd55T, was isolated from a self-temperature-recording in situ colonization system deployed in a hydrothermal diffusing flow (maximum temperature of 78 degrees C) at the TOTO caldera in the Mariana Arc. Cells of strain Pd55T were motile, short rods with a single polar flagellum. Growth was observed between 30 and 68 degrees C (optimum growth at 50 degrees C; 120 min doubling time) and between (initial) pH 4.2 and 7.0 (optimum at pH 5.2). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic chemolithoautotroph capable of using molecular hydrogen as sole energy source and carbon dioxide as sole carbon source. Elemental sulfur served as the sole electron acceptor to support growth. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was related to members of the genera Nautilia and Caminibacter, although it appeared to be a novel lineage prior to the divergence between Nautilia and Caminibacter. Strain Pd55T could also be differentiated from Nautilia and Caminibacter species on the basis of its physiological properties. It is, therefore, proposed that strain Pd55T (=JCM 12420T=DSM 16356T) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus, Lebetimonas acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov.
The tax code at the bedside. (1996)

Last June, Washington's Heritage Foundation sponsored a symposium called ¿Restoring the Doctor-Patient Relationship: The Challenge of Third-Party Payment and Government Regulation.¿ This article, adapted from those proceedings, argues that tax fairness and choice are critical underpinnings of ethical medicine in the managed care era.
Alternatives for Efficient and Sustainable Production of Surimi: A Review (2009)

ABSTRACT: The links between fish processing and negative environmental impact need to be minimized. The overexploitation of white fish stocks has compromised supply, the use of energy contributes to a high‐carbon footprint, and the water resources required are also high. An option is to resort to the use of alternative species and fisheries by‐catch, together with the maximum utilization of fish. In addition, edible proteins from a range of sources could be converted into added‐value products using surimi‐like processes. The surimi industry requires large amounts of freshwater and discharges wastewater with a high organic load. By exploring available options on processing technologies and management of the environmental impact, this review discusses the potential role of surimi and opportunities for sustainable fish processing.
Type II Collagen-Induced Autoimmune Otospongiosis (1983)

Otospongiosis-like lesions were induced in rats by immunizing them with native type II collagen. Immunized rats had antibody responses specific for native type II collagen and developed otospongiosis-like lesions. The spongiotic lesion was characterized by numerous osteocytes and osteoblasts in the vascular spaces and by dark staining probably due to the chemical alteration of ground substances. Bone resorption and new bone formation were clearly visible. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated deposition of immunoglobulin and complement on the bone matrix and wall within the area of spongiosis. An antibody-mediated etiopathogenesis was suspected.
GVHD Followed By Full Myeloid And Lymphoid Donor Chimerism After Cadaveric Liver Transplantation (2010)

Using hematopoietic donor engraftment as a way to establish immune tolerance in solid organ transplantation remains an attractive but elusive goal. We report a case of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)-related aGVHD followed by full chimerism of highly HLA-mismatched myeloid and lymphoid donor cells.
Laserstrahlungsquellen (2013)

No AccessLasermaterialbearbeitungJul 2013LaserstrahlungsquellenJens Bliedtner, Hartmut Müller, Andrea BarzJens BliedtnerSearch for more papers by this author, Hartmut MüllerSearch for more papers by this author, Andrea BarzSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446429291.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2011Pages: 46-79Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42168-4eISBN: 978-3-446-42929-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2013 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
DNA base changes and RNA levels in N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-induced dihydrofolate reductase mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells (1989)

Formerly, we isolated a series of dihydrofolate reductase-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants that were induced by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Deletions and complex gene rearrangements were detected in 28% of these mutants; 72% contained putative point mutations. In the present study, we have localized the putative point mutations in the 25,000 base dhfr gene by RNase heteroduplex mapping. Assignment of a position for each mutation was successful in 16 of 19 mutants studied. We cloned DNA fragments containing the mapped mutations from nine mutants into a bacteriophage lambda vector. In the case of 11 other mutants, DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction procedure. Sequence analysis of cloned and amplified DNA confirmed the presence of point mutations. Most mutants (90%) carried base substitutions; the rest contained frameshift mutations. Of the point mutations, 75% were G.C to T.A transversions in either the dhfr coding sequence or at splice sites; transition G.C to A.T mutations were found in two mutants (10%). In one of these transition mutants, the base substitution occurred at the fifth base of the third intron. Of the frameshift mutations, one was a deletion of G.C pair and the other was an insertion of an A.T pair. Of the mapped mutants, 38% exhibited greatly reduced (approximately 10-fold) steady-state levels of dhfr mRNA. All eight sequenced mutants displaying this phenotype contained premature chain termination codons. Normal levels of dhfr mRNA were observed in five missense mutants and in five mutants carrying nonsense codons in the translated portion of exon VI. Taken together with the results of other mutagens at this locus, we conclude that the low dhfr mRNA phenotype is correlated with the presence of nonsense codons in exons II to V but not in the last exon of the dhfr gene.
ChemInform Abstract: The Trifulvathiane System. (1989)

Abstract With 1, 2, or 3 equiv. of BuLi/(Ia) the mono‐, di‐, and trifulvathianes (II), (IV) and (V), resp., are obtained.
Prevalence of silver resistance in bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and efficacy of silver-containing wound dressings. (2008)

Silver dressings are used to manage wounds at risk of infection or locally infected. This in vitro study was conducted to assess the prevalence of silver resistance genes in 112 bacterial isolates obtained from the diabetic foot ulcers of patients attending the Diabetic Foot Clinic at Tameside General Hospital, UK. Using polymerase chain reaction to screen for three silver-resistance transcriptional units--silE, silS and silP--two silver-resistant bacteria were identified; both are strains of Enterobacter cloacae, an organism rarely implicated as a primary pathogen in chronic wounds. No recognized wound pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus-24 isolates and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-nine isolates) were found to contain silver-resistant genes. Analysis of the efficacy of silver-containing dressings on the silver-resistant strains of Enterobacter cloacae using confocal laser microscopy showed that, despite evidence of genetic resistance to silver, all strains were killed following a maximum of 48 hours of exposure to the dressings. Results suggest that presence of silver resistance genes is rare and that genetic resistance does not necessarily translate to phenotypic resistance to silver. While silver resistance in wound care should be monitored, the threat of widespread resistance is low and silver-containing dressings remain an extremely important tool in managing wound infection.
Charge carrier mobility in an organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite (2003)

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials are media for electronic and optoelectronic applications. We present a study of the electronic transport in such a model nanoparticle-sensitized hybrid organic-inorganic photorefractive host system, consisting of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) doped with quantum dots of cadmium sulfide, using standard time-of-flight techniques. The photocurrent transients exhibit features typical of dispersive transport in an amorphous semiconductor. The hole mobility depends strongly on the electric field and temperature indicating Poole–Frenkel-like activated hopping transport; a thickness dependence of the mobility is observed. The presence of nanoparticles does not lead to increased trapping of holes. Conversely, a surprising result is observed: the mobility actually increases with the increase of nanoparticle concentration even though it is well below the percolation limit.
A finite element analysis of board level temperature cycling reliability of embedded wafer level BGA (eWLB) package (2012)

Three dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to assess the board level temperature cycling reliability for lead-free solder Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">96.5</sub> Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> (SAC305) used in eWLB packages. With Anand viscoplastic constitutive model used for the solder material, the chosen damage parameters, i.e. accumulated creep strain or accumulated creep strain energy density, can be derived from the finite element analysis (FEA) models and then can be correlated with the solder fatigue life obtained from the temperature cycling tests. In this study, a surface-based tie constraint technique is employed in the FEA models to facilitate mesh transition requirements at various interfaces of incompatible meshes. It is particularly the case arising from the die edges overlie the circular solder pads in the models. To deal with such situations, the FEA model for the entire package-to-board assembly can be strategically split into two parts and then connected to each other with tie constraints for the ease of meshing effort. It is found that this technique can help in managing a more uniform mesh distribution over the regions of interest, such as solder joints and dielectric layers with refine meshes, and yet allow a relatively coarse mesh to be assigned elsewhere for model size reduction. Thus, the computational efficiency for these tie-constraint models can be improved significantly as compared with their corresponding single part models with fine meshes and yet the model accuracy for the critical solder joint fatigue life estimation can be preserved. A model validation and numerical case study will be provided to illustrate the application of this modeling technique.
Isolation and partial characterization of a 700 kilodalton human colon carcinoma associated antigen. (1983)

An antigen of high molecular weight (CA-3) was isolated from the cytosol fraction of GW-39 human colon tumor cells by antibody affinity chromatography. CA-3 was characterized by an acidic pI value of 4.5-4.9, a molecular weight of 700 kilodaltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 13S. It contained all of the commonly occurring amino acids and had an acidic to basic amino acid ratio of 1.4. CA-3 was resistant to dissociation by reducing agents as well as by sodium dodecylsulfate. Quantitation of CA-3 by a radioimmunoassay employing rabbit anti-CA-3 antiserum revealed a marked elevation of CA-3 in the cytosol extracts of human primary colon carcinoma in comparison to normal colon. The molecular properties of CA-3 are compared to those of carcinoembryonic antigen, high molecular weight colon specific antigen CSAp and two other high molecular weight proteins, fibronectin and conglutinin. Colon antigen CA-3 appears to be different from these other molecules in terms of its molecular weight, sedimentation value, isoelectric point and amino acid composition.