gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Tracking of Reactive Power Reserve For Wind Farms (2019)

Effective monitoring of VAR capability and reactive power reserve (RPR) of wind farms is an essential approach to assess stability performance of power systems with high wind penetration. However, such information is essentially difficult to obtain because it is not only impacted by many factors like wind conditions and external power grid approximation, but also subject to internal operation constraints of wind farms. An optimal sensitivity based online tracking scheme and its algorithm is proposed in this paper to obtain accurate RPR of wind farms and adapt to impacting factors and internal constraints aforementioned. The simulation results based on an actual wind farm system in China further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
蛋白激酶 CK2 調控受質蛋白 DARPP-32 磷酸化對 PC12 細胞株之抗凋亡機制的探討 (2010)

蛋白激酶 CK2 是一種具有多種功能的絲胺酸/蘇胺酸蛋白質激酶，其作用的受質眾多且普遍存在於哺乳類動物細胞中。從許多的研究結果顯示，蛋白激酶 CK2 參與調節許多的神經系統功能其中包括有神經保護作用，但是其分子層面的機制目前尚未釐清。DARPP-32（Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa）主要表現在紋狀體中型多刺狀 GABA 神經元中的蛋白質，參與調控與藥物成癮相關的多巴胺訊息傳遞路徑，不過，近年來的一些研究報告指出DARPP-32亦參與了細胞的抗凋亡作用。雖然先前已有研究發現DARPP-32 Ser102胺基酸是CK2的磷酸化作用受質，但是並沒有進一步的研究證實，該胺基酸的磷酸化作用是否參與CK2所調控的細胞機制。屬於抗細胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2 家族成員之ㄧ的bcl-x基因會經由pre-mRNA選擇性剪裁機制（alternative splicing）而產生兩種異構蛋白Bcl-xL和Bcl-xS，其中Bcl-xL蛋白被證實會促進細胞存活；而Bcl-xS蛋白則會造成細胞死亡。實驗室先前的研究結果發現，在神經滋養因子BDNF的刺激下，CK2可以促進Bcl-xL基因的表現，因此本論文欲進一步探討CK2對DARPP-32 Ser102的磷酸化作用是否參與CK2的抗細胞凋亡訊息傳遞，進而影響Bcl-xL和Bcl-xS的表現。實驗結果顯示，轉染野生型CK2α DNA質體會增加DARPP-32 Ser102的磷酸化現象、Bcl-xL的蛋白質表現以及Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS mRNA的比例；而處理 CK2 抑制劑 TBB 或轉染 CK2α siRNA則會降低 DARPP-32 Ser102的磷酸化現象、Bcl-xL的蛋白質表現以及Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS mRNA的比例。此外，轉染 DARPP-32 siRNA會降低 Bcl-xL的蛋白質表現。轉染模擬之磷酸化構型的DARPP-32 S102D DNA質體會增加Bcl-xL的蛋白質表現以及Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS mRNA的比例；但是，轉染突變型DARPP-32 S102A DNA質體則會降低Bcl-xL的蛋白質表現以及Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS mRNA的比例。進一步利用野生型CK2α和DARPP-32 S102A DNA質體進行細胞共同轉染的實驗結果則發現，DARPP-32 S102A會拮抗野生型 CK2α對促進Bcl-xL蛋白質表現的作用；另外，利用過氧過氫產生細胞氧化逆境下，CK2α或DARPP-32 siRNA處理可以顯著降低 DARPP-32 Ser102的磷酸化現象、Bcl-xL的蛋白質表現以及Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS mRNA的比例，同時會顯著造成細胞凋亡。綜合本論文的實驗結果，顯示CK2會透過DARPP-32 Ser102的磷酸化作用而調控Bcl-xL以及Bcl-xS的表現，而且在氧化逆境下，此條細胞訊息傳遞路徑應參與了細胞的抗凋亡機制。
Class in America: The Future of Work in America (2019)

What will careers look like in 2050? Harris winds her way through the past to unravel the economic trends of today to predict the future work infrastructure. The middle class, made possible by the industrial revolution and several wars in the past two centuries, erodes quickly in the face of the technological revolution, globalization, and rise of the gig economy. Generation after generation are increasingly prone to switch jobs and even careers throughout their lives. Retirement is becoming a thing of the past, as the life expectancy in the United States increases. Innovative solutions for future employment, benefits, and careers are being tested as we speak, and training in specific fields, like technology and health, are being made accessible to the downtrodden middle class.
Transdifferentiation of Mature Cortical Cells to Functional Abscission Cells in Bean1 (1998)

Abscission explants of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were treated with ethylene to induce cell separation at the primary abscission zone. After several days of further incubation of the remaining petiole in endogenously produced ethylene, the distal two-thirds of the petiole became senescent, and the remaining (proximal) portion stayed green. Cell-to-cell separation (secondary abscission) takes place precisely at the interface between the senescing yellow and the enlarging green cells. The expression of the abscission-associated isoform of beta-1,4-glucanhydrolase, the activation of the Golgi apparatus, and enhanced vesicle formation occurred only in the enlarging cortical cells on the green side. These changes were indistinguishable from those that occur in normal abscission cells and confirm the conversion of the cortical cells to abscission-type cells. Secondary abscission cells were also induced by applying auxin to the exposed primary abscission surface after the pulvinus was shed, provided ethylene was added. Then, the orientation of development of green and yellow tissue was reversed; the distal tissue remained green and the proximal tissue yellowed. Nevertheless, separation still occurred at the junction between green and yellow cells and, again, it was one to two cell layers of the green side that enlarged and separated from their senescing neighbors. Evaluation of Feulgen-stained tissue establishes that, although nuclear changes occur, the conversion of the cortical cell to an abscission zone cell is a true transdifferentiation event, occurring in the absence of cell division.
Ecological Role of Lactobacilli in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Implications for Fundamental and Biomedical Research (2008)

Bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus are members of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a broadly defined group characterized by the formation of lactic acid as the sole or main end product of carbohydrate metabolism. They can be found in plants or material of plant origin, silage, fermented food (yogurt, cheese, olives, pickles, salami, etc.), as well as in the oral cavities, gastrointestinal tracts (GIT), and vaginas of humans and animals (31). In particular, the Lactobacillus species found in the GIT have received tremendous attention due to their health-promoting properties. They are commonly used as probiotics, which are defined by the FAO/WHO as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. The economic success and exciting prospects of probiotic products have accelerated research on intestinal lactobacilli. Genomics of Lactobacillus species is booming, and the genomes of five strains that belong to species commonly found in human fecal samples have recently been sequenced (50). Several comparative and functional genomic investigations have been conducted to gain information about the functionality of lactobacilli in the GIT (69). Unfortunately, a major misconception regarding the ecological role of lactobacilli in the intestinal tract has been embraced by many scientists working in the field. Specifically, there has been a general and persistent assumption that a large number of Lactobacillus species form stable and numerically significant populations in the human intestinal tract, especially in the small intestine, where they are presumed to form epithelial associations (101). Considering how widespread and accepted this perception is, there is surprisingly little experimental evidence that supports it. Ecological observations for the prevalence and dynamics of fecal Lactobacillus populations and the findings obtained with comparative genomics do indicate now that the ecological role of most types of intestinal lactobacilli, and their relationship with the human host, should be reconsidered. In this review, evidence is summarized that suggests that only a small number of Lactobacillus species are true inhabitants of the mammalian intestinal tract and that most lactobacilli present are allochthonous members derived from fermented food, the oral cavity, or more proximal parts of the GIT. It is further explained why this knowledge provides information valuable for selecting strains for fundamental research of the ecological role of lactobacilli in the GIT, for their use as probiotics in foods and supplements, and for pharmaceutical applications.
Nanoleakage expression and microshear bond strength in the resin cement/dentin interface. (2010)

While the bond strengths of the two materials were comparable, the self-adhesive resin cement may provide better dentin sealing compared to the self-etching primer resin cement.
Modeling of a PSA-TSA Process for Separation of CH4from C2Products of OCM Reaction (2012)

Computational modeling of C2H6–C2H4 adsorption separation from CH4 onto CaX zeolite is discussed. Dynamic adsorption is studied to derive mass transfer parameters of the components. A two-bed and four-step PSA-TSA is introduced and sensitivity analysis is performed to approach to the higher products’ purity and recovery. CH4-countercurrent pressurization, as the preferred method and optimum purge/ feed of 0.49 are determined for the light (CH4) and heavy products (C2s) recovery of 84% and 96%, with a purity of 95% and 72%, respectively. The effect of desorption temperature and heat transfer coefficient are studied to determine the temperature variation effect on the process performance.
Boron-Containing Enamine and Enamide Linchpins in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles (2014)

The use of α-boryl enamine and enamide linchpins in the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles has been demonstrated. Boryl enamines provide ready access to the corresponding α-halo aldehydes, which undergo regioselective annulation to form borylated thiazoles. A condensation/amidation sequence converts α-boryl aldehydes into stable α-boryl enamides without concomitant C → N migration. We also show that palladium-catalyzed cyclization of α-boryl enamides leads to synthetically versatile isoindolones. These molecules can be subsequently used to access polycyclic scaffolds.
Femtosecond Fiber Laser Enables Reliable Wafer-Level Processing (2008)

IMRA America has demonstrated an ultrashort-pulse fiber-laser system that enables reliable wafer-level processing. The demonstration reveals that the fiber laser system is capable of achieving improved die break strength, in comparison to other methods. The new system has enabled the company, to realize fiber-chirped pulse amplification (FCPA) in a robust compact package. It is observed that the FCPA-based femtosecond laser has improved, providing the reliability and performance, necessary for industrial applications. The large-core amplifier fiber provides single-transverse-mode output, while being insensitive to thermal lensing. The amplifier fiber is insensitive to thermal lensing, as beam propagation is defined by its waveguide nature.
413 XML-based Human-Machine Cooperative Monitoring, Control, and Data Analysis (2001)

The World Wide Web has evolved into a global environment for delivering applications ranging from small-scale to large-scale, enterprise workflow and manufacturing systems distributed over many servers. Its capability to disseminate complex multimedia information to anywhere is unprecedented. This capability could be used effectively in environments where monitoring, control, and data analysis are of primary concern. This paper proposes an XML-based human-machine cooperative monitoring, control, and data analysis. It consists of an event-driven control system using a distributed software environment and an XML document. Monitoring data are captured as an event which is encoded as an XML document, and control data are served as an event which is wrapped in an XML document. The monitoring and control system of distributed applications is independent of the platform and the programming language is an application programmer interface for generating XML wrapped data. As an example, we have construct XML-based distributed air conditioning control system considering the comfort of each person. Our experiments have confirmed that the proposed methods are useful for Web-based monitoring and control system.
Currency Internationalisation: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis and Prospects for the Future in Asia and the Pacific (Full Publication) (2012)

Since its launch in September 2006, the Asian Research Programme has focused on policy-oriented studies for central banks and supervisory authorities in the Asia-Pacific region. Under the programme, the BIS Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific has co-organised a series of conferences, seminars and workshops with central banks and supervisory authorities in Asia and the Pacific. The subjects of interest have included improving monetary policy and operations, developing financial markets, maintaining financial stability and strengthening prudential policy. On 19-20 March 2009, the BIS Asian Office and the Bank of Korea co-hosted a high-level seminar on currency internationalisation in Seoul. Participants from 12 central banks as well as academic scholars and BIS economists attended the seminar. The purpose of the seminar was to review experiences of economies in the Asia-Pacific region with currency internationalisation and to assess the prospects for further internationalisation, emphasising the policy implications facing central banks if current trends continue. Lessons learned about currency internationalisation since the intensification of the strains in global markets in mid-2007 were also discussed. This volume is a collection of the speeches, presentations and papers from the seminar.
Increasing seed oil content in oil‐seed rape (Brassica napus L.) by over‐expression of a yeast glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase under the control of a seed‐specific promoter (2007)

Previous attempts to manipulate oil synthesis in plants have mainly concentrated on the genes involved in the biosynthesis and use of fatty acids, neglecting the possible role of glycerol-3-phosphate supply on the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis. In this study, a yeast gene coding for cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd1) was expressed in transgenic oil-seed rape under the control of the seed-specific napin promoter. It was found that a twofold increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity led to a three- to fourfold increase in the level of glycerol-3-phosphate in developing seeds, resulting in a 40% increase in the final lipid content of the seed, with the protein content remaining substantially unchanged. This was accompanied by a decrease in the glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate, the direct precursor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The levels of sucrose and various metabolites in the pathway from sucrose to fatty acids remained unaltered. The results show that glycerol-3-phosphate supply co-limits oil accumulation in developing seeds. This has important implications for strategies that aim to increase the overall level of oil in commercial oil-seed crops for use as a renewable alternative to petrol.
Studying TLS Usage in Android Apps (2017)

Transport Layer Security (TLS), has become the de-facto standard for secure Internet communication. When used correctly, it provides secure data transfer, but used incorrectly, it can leave users vulnerable to attacks while giving them a false sense of security. Numerous efforts have studied the adoption of TLS (and its predecessor, SSL) and its use in the desktop ecosystem, attacks, and vulnerabilities in both desktop clients and servers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge of how TLS is used in mobile platforms. In this paper we use data collected by Lumen, a mobile measurement platform, to analyze how 7,258 Android apps use TLS in the wild. We analyze and fingerprint handshake messages to characterize the TLS APIs and libraries that apps use, and also evaluate weaknesses. We see that about 84% of apps use default OS APIs for TLS. Many apps use third-party TLS libraries; in some cases they are forced to do so because of restricted Android capabilities. Our analysis shows that both approaches have limitations, and that improving TLS security in mobile is not straightforward. Apps that use their own TLS configurations may have vulnerabilities due to developer inexperience, but apps that use OS defaults are vulnerable to certain attacks if the OS is out of date, even if the apps themselves are up to date. We also study certificate verification, and see low prevalence of security measures such as certificate pinning, even among high-risk apps such as those providing financial services, though we did observe major third-party tracking and advertisement services deploying certificate pinning.
Recognition of cytosolic DNA by cGAS and other STING‐dependent sensors (2013)

The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells is perceived as a danger signal, alerting the host to the presence of microbial infection. In response to the detection of cytoplasmic DNA, the immune system mounts a programed response that involves the transcription of anti-viral genes such as type I interferons and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. The recent discovery of the cGAS-cGAMP second messenger pathway as well as IFI16 and additional sensors collectively provide critical insights into the molecular basis behind the sensing of cytoplasmic DNA. The insights obtained from these important discoveries could unveil new avenues to understand host-immunity, improve vaccine adjuvancy, and allow development of new treatments for inflammatory diseases associated with abberrant sensing of DNA.
Dynamic light scattering by using self-mixing interferometry with a laser diode (2006)

The power spectrum of the laser intensity is studied when optical feedback in a laser diode is used as a sensing configuration for dynamic light-scattering experiments. We present a theory that relates the power spectrum obtained from standard dynamic light-scattering theory to the intensity power spectrum of the laser. This theory provides a concise description of this sensing technique, also known as self-mixing interferometry, when it is applied to Doppler shift and line-broadening measurements of the backscattered field.
Suppression of post-hypoxic and post-encephalitic myoclonus with levetiracetam (2001)

Posthypoxic and postencephalitic myoclonus is often poorly controlled with current treatments. The authors successfully treated three patients with posthypoxic and postencephalitic myoclonus by using levetiracetam, a new antiepileptic drug. Levetiracetam appears to be a promising agent for treating action myoclonus caused by hypoxic and encephalitic brain injury-the degree of functional improvement may depend on the severity of associated motor dysfunction.
Historical perspective of oriented and epitaxial thin films (1994)

Over the years, vacuum techniques for both oriented and epitaxial film growth, and also for device processing, have played a critical role in the evolution of advanced solid-state components. The American Vacuum Society, through its symposia and publishing activities, has contributed greatly to this progress. The history of organizational and technical factors that have impacted on these developments is summarized, and selected examples of unique epitaxial metallic, semiconductor and ferroelectric device structures are discussed.
Obstructive sleep apnea risk is associated with decreased executive processing speed in older women but not in men: A longitudinal analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2022)

Abstract Background Studies investigating the possible links between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive dysfunction have yet led to heterogenous results. Individual characteristics, such as sex and age, could moderate this association and explain part of this heterogeneity. Here, we characterized the sex‐ and age‐specific association between OSA risk and cognitive performance using longitudinal data from the community‐based Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) comprehensive cohort. Method Our sample included 25,393 participants aged 45 to 85 years at baseline (mean = 63 years; 51% women; 78% with post‐secondary degree), recruited between 2011 and 2015 across Canada. Participants with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diagnosis or with history of stroke and of traumatic brain injury were excluded. Participants’ risk for OSA was measured at baseline using the STOP‐B questionnaire, based on risk factors and symptoms of OSA. Participants scoring ³ 3/5 were classified as being at high‐risk for OSA. Neuropsychological tests assessed memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), executive functioning (Mental Alternation, Animal Fluency, Controlled Oral Word Association and Stroop tests) and psychomotor speed (Choice Reaction Time) at baseline and at 3‐year follow‐up. We calculated changes (follow‐up – baseline) in each cognitive continuous score and conducted sex‐specific age‐stratified (45‐59; 60–69; 70–85 years) analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) to estimate the predictive role of baseline OSA risk, adjusting for socio‐demographic, lifestyle and medical comorbidities. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05, after false‐discovery rate correction. Results In the whole sample, results show a decline over time only for executive functioning (Mental Alternation, Animal Fluency and Stroop) at 3‐year follow‐up. When analyses were performed according to age and sex, being at high‐risk for OSA was associated with increased reaction times only in women aged 70–85 years (Stroop word: [F = 12.486; 95%CI ‐5.440 to ‐1.554]; Stroop color: [F = 7,870; 95%CI ‐9.843 to ‐1.738]). Conclusion Although changes in executive functioning were noted over time in the whole sample, being at high‐risk for OSA only increased the risk of slower processing speed for older women. These findings suggest that the possible detrimental effects of OSA on cognitive health depend on participants’ age and sex.
Effect of belimumab treatment on renal outcomes: results from the phase 3 belimumab clinical trials in patients with SLE (2012)

A pooled post-hoc analysis of the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled BLISS trials (1684 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)) was performed to evaluate the effect of belimumab on renal parameters in patients with renal involvement at baseline, and to explore whether belimumab offered additional renal benefit to patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil at baseline. In addition to belimumab or placebo, all patients received standard SLE therapy. Patients with severe active lupus nephritis were excluded from the trials. Over 52 weeks, rates of renal flare, renal remission, renal organ disease improvement (assessed by Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group), proteinuria reduction, grade 3/4 proteinuria, and serologic activity favored belimumab, although the between-group differences in most renal outcomes were not significant. Among the 267 patients with renal involvement at baseline, those receiving mycophenolate mofetil or with serologic activity at baseline had greater renal organ disease improvement with belimumab than with placebo. Limitations of this analysis included the small patient numbers and the post-hoc nature of this pooled analysis. The results suggest that belimumab may offer renal benefit in patients with SLE. Further study is warranted in patients with severe active lupus nephritis.
T5224, RSPO2 and AZD5363 are novel drugs against functional pituitary adenoma (2019)

We tested whether the drugs T5224, RSPO2, and AZD5363 exert therapeutic effects against functioning pituitary adenoma (FPA). We analysed the gene expression profiles of four FPA mRNA microarray datasets (GSE2175, GSE26966, GSE36314, and GSE37153) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified genes differentially expressed in FPA vs control tissues. We then carried out Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction network analyses. We also measured the difference in expression of hub genes between human normal pituitary cells and FPA cells using qRT-PCR. Our <i>in vitro</i> colony-formation and MTT assays showed that cell viability, number, and the size of clonogenicities were all lower in the presence of T5224, RSPO2, or AZD536 than in controls. Moreover, flow cytometry experiments showed that the incidence of apoptosis was higher in the presence of T5224, RSPO2, or AZD5363 than among controls, and was increased by increasing the doses of the drugs. This suggests these drugs could be used as therapeutic agents to treat FPA. Finally, we found that cFos, WNT5A, NCAM1, JUP, AKT3, and ADCY1 are abnormally expressed in FPA cells compared to controls, which highlights these genes as potential prognostic and/or therapeutic targets.