gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence of Sunscreens Adsorbed to Dielectric Nanospheres: Parallels to Optical Behavior on HaCat Cells and Skin (2006)

Sunscreens applied to the skin are retained primarily in the stratum corneum, where they adsorb and act as a barrier preventing UV penetration to deeper layers. Photophysical properties of sunscreens have traditionally been studied either in solvents, which are very different from skin, or in skin or complex artificial skin systems, which are difficult to handle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether polystyrene nanospheres could serve as an improvement over solvents for evaluation of the photophysical properties of sunscreens without the presence of autofluorescence from and interactions with specific skin biomolecules. We used HaCat cells and excised skin for this comparative study with nanospheres. Fluorescence spectral properties of common hydrophobic sunscreens octyl salicylate, padimate O (2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate) and octyl methoxycinnamate adsorbed to 220 nm polystyrene spheres are similar to those of sunscreens adsorbed to HaCat cells and excised skin. Specifically, similarity in the emission peaks and their approximate positions, excitation peak positions and a measurable reduction in scattering upon sunscreen addition suggest that polystyrene nanospheres constitute a useful system to evaluate the photophysical properties of topical sunscreens and may serve as a model system for high-throughput evaluation of potential sunscreens. An unexpected result of this comparative study was the observation of an increase in a specific skin component emission caused by addition of padimate O.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Ki-67 Protein Suitable for Immunohistochemical Analysis (2010)

Detection of cell proliferation index is widely used in experimental and clinical research. Earlier it was shown that nuclear Ki-67 protein expression is strictly related to cell proliferation. It was revealed during all active phases of the cell cycle in mammals but was absent in G0 phase, so Ki-67 presence in cell nuclei reflects a potential growth fraction of whole cell population. The main area of Ki-67 antibody application is in immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. The aim of our work was to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies for Ki-67 antigen detection in mammalian tissues and in cultured cells. His-tagged fragment of Ki-67 expressed in bacteria was used as an antigen. Antibody-producing hybridoma cells were generated by standard procedure by fusing SP2/0 myeloma cells with splenocytes of immunized mice. Monoclonal antibodies were analyzed using paraffin-embedded human melanoma tissue samples and breast cancer cell line MCF-7. It was shown that generated anti-Ki-67 antibodies revealed proliferating cells in MCF-7 culture and after heat-induced epitope retrieval on paraffin sections of human melanoma tissue. In summary, generated antibodies could be useful for detection of proliferating cells in immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies of mammalian cells and tissues.
Combating social isolation in north Somerset (2005)

The North Somerset Education &amp; Training Consortium provides a wide range of education and training courses of varying lengths and intensity, with built‐in, long‐term progression opportunities. Paul Davis and colleagues describe how access to graduated learning has given confidence to people with experience of mental health problems, enabling them to progress both at personal and academic levels.
Separation of Thyroxine(T4)-Binding Proteins of Human Serum in Polyacrylamide Gel at pH 7.4. I. Effect of pH on Distribution of Tracer Quantities of T41 (1970)

A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system buffered with piperazine-N,N′-bis-(2-ethane sulfonic acid) (PIPES) has been shown to be capable of resolving thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), albumin and thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) at physiologic pH. In this system at tracer levels of thyroxine (T4), TBG binds 50% more T4 at pH 7.4 than at pH 9.0 (Tris-borate buffer). Inversely, binding of T4 by TBPA was reduced at physiologic pH but high at alkaline pH. The pH-dependence of TBPA binding confirms previously reported electrophoretic studies in agarose. The pH-dependence of T4 binding by the hormone-specific proteins explains in part disparities in binding data previously reported from various electrophoretic systems. Albumin binding of T4 was not substantially affected by changes of pH. Consistent, highly individualized post-TBG zone migration of T4 (range: 4–15%) was noted and was attributed to binding of hormone by proteins with relatively low affinities for thyroxine. Post-TBG zone binding of T4 was greater at pH 7.4 than at pH 9.0. While large quantities of nonprotein-bound T4 have been reported to accumulate in polyacrylamide gel systems, the presently employed pH 7.4 and pH 9.0 methods showed less than 2% of the tracer in the nonprotein-associated form. The in vivo role for TBG as the major serum reservoir for T4 is supported by the binding data at pH 7.4. The mechanism of pHdependence of binding by the serum proteins is unclear, but may involve structural alterations of the carrier proteins, with corresponding changes in the number of available T4-binding sites.
How Much Data is Enough? A Statistical Approach with Case Study on Longitudinal Driving Behavior (2017)

Big data has shown its uniquely powerful ability to reveal, model, and understand driver behaviors. The amount of data affects the experiment cost and conclusions in the analysis. Insufficient data may lead to inaccurate models, whereas excessive data lead to waste resources. For projects that cost millions of dollars, it is critical to determine the right amount of data needed. However, how to decide the appropriate amount has not been fully studied in the realm of driver behaviors. This paper systematically investigates this issue to estimate how much naturalistic driving data (NDD) is needed for understanding driver behaviors from a statistical point of view. A general assessment method is proposed using a Gaussian kernel density estimation to catch the underlying characteristics of driver behaviors. We then apply the Kullback-Leibler divergence method to measure the similarity between density functions with differing amounts of NDD. A max-minimum approach is used to compute the appropriate amount of NDD. To validate our proposed method, we investigated the car-following case using NDD collected from the University of Michigan Safety Pilot Model Deployment program. We demonstrate that from a statistical perspective, the proposed approach can provide an appropriate amount of NDD capable of capturing most features of the normal car-following behavior, which is consistent with the experiment settings in many literatures.
Neem leaves mediated preparation of NiO nanoparticles and its magnetization, coercivity and antibacterial analysis (2016)

Nickel oxides nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were synthesized by biosynthesis method with the help of phytoconstituents present in the neem leaf. Further the synthesized NiO NPs were subjected for structural, optical, morphological and magnetic properties. The XRD patterns clearly infer the presence of polycrystalline nature of samples (0 1 0), (0 1 1) and (0 1 2) with hexagonal crystal phase. Morphological studies using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) reveals that the biosynthesized NiO NPs were in shape of oblong with 12 nm in size. Elemental analysis (EDAX) confirms the quantity of Ni is present at 51% and remaining O as 49% as well as the mass magnetization values of 61 emu/g are also recorded for NiO NPs and its coercivity values in the range of 0.2–0.4 of nanoparticles respectively. Finally the NiO NPs was studied for bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 1430) and followed by Escherichia coli (MTCC 739) by agar diffusion assay. Keywords: Neem seed, NiO NPs, Coercivity, Magnetic properties, Bacterial activities
Etching Mechanism of Vitreous Silicon Dioxide in HF-Based Solutions (2000)

A reaction mechanism is proposed for the dissolution process of silicon dioxide networks in aqueous HF-based solutions. Etch experiments with thermally grown silicon dioxide were used to create a model for the etch process. Literature data on the etching of other vitreous silicon dioxide materials were used to refine the model. A new method, using a quartz microbalance, is used to monitor the etch rate in situ and to establish the reactive species. The first reaction step determines the rate of the etch process. It is the substitution of a surface SiOH group, which is bonded to three bridging oxygen atoms, by an SiF group. Due to an acid/base equilibrium reaction of the silanol groups on the surface with its protonated and deprotonated forms, the substitution reaction rate is pH dependent. At low pH (<1.5) water is eliminated from the protonated silanol group and an HF2- ion or an H2F2 molecule supplies an F- that binds to the positively charged silicon atom. At higher pH values (>1.5), the elimination of an OH- group from the SiO2 surface becomes the major reaction route. Once the OH- group is eliminated, an HF2- molecule supplies an F- ion. The pKa value of the deprotonation reaction increases due to the buildup of surface charge at pH > 4. Consequently, the SiOH surface concentration and the etch rate are higher than expected from a simple acid/base equilibrium reaction. All subsequent reaction steps to remove the Si−F unit from the SiO2 matrix are fast reaction steps (18−20 times faster) involving HF2- addition reactions on FxSi−O bonds. Using this reaction model, published etch rate data of multicomponent glasses can be understood. Metal ions in glass break up the SiO2 network and create Si atoms bonded to less than four bridging oxygen atoms. The nonbridging oxygen atoms are terminated by a metal ion, and the silicon bonded to these oxygen atoms etches as fast as the Si−F units in vitreous silicon dioxide. Therefore, the etch rates of multicomponent glasses are higher than that of vitreous silicon dioxide.
ADCOMS: a composite clinical outcome for prodromal Alzheimer's disease trials (2016)

ADCOMS is proposed as new standard outcome for pAD and mild AD dementia trials, and is progressing in a CAMD-sponsored qualification process for use in registration trials of pAD.
Automating regression testing for evolving GUI software: Research Articles (2005)

With the widespread deployment of broadband connections worldwide, software development and maintenance are increasingly being performed by multiple engineers, often working around-the-clock to maximize code churn rates. To ensure rapid quality assurance of such software, techniques such as ‘nightly/daily building and smoke testing’ have become widespread since they often reveal bugs early in the software development process. During these builds, a development version of the software is checked out from the source code repository tree, compiled, linked, and (re)tested with the goal of (re)validating its basic functionality. Although successful for conventional software, smoke tests are difficult to develop and automatically re-run for software that has a graphical user interface (GUI). In this paper, we describe a framework called DART (Daily Automated Regression Tester) that addresses the needs of frequent and automated re-testing of GUI software. The key to our success is automation: DART automates everything from structural GUI analysis, smoke-test-case generation, test-oracle creation, to code instrumentation, test execution, coverage evaluation, regeneration of test cases, and their re-execution. Together with the operating system's task scheduler, DART can execute frequently with little input from the developer/tester to re-test the GUI software. We provide results of experiments showing the time taken and memory required for GUI analysis, test case and test oracle generation, and test execution. We empirically compare the relative costs of employing different levels of detail in the GUI test oracle. We also show the events and statements covered by the smoke test cases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.A preliminary report of this work appeared in the Proceedings International Conference on Software Maintenance [1]
A unity-power-factor AC/DC quantum series resonant converter (2002)

A unity power factor quantum series resonant buck-boost power converter is presented. An averaged model is used to design the multi-input sliding control scheme for the power converter. The proposed control provides both robustness, with regard to external disturbances, and a good dynamic response of the output voltage.
A Super-responsive Tip-Tilt Motion Control of a Mirror Driven by Electromagnetic Force and Supported by an Elastic Rod Made of Super Elastic Alloy (2018)

Fast steering mirrors (FSMs), which are mounted on observation satellites to realize a shake correcting function, are required to have large aperture, high responsivity and multi control axes. This paper presents a tip-tilt motion controlled FSM having an 80 mm diameter mirror driven by four compact voice coil motors and supported by an elastic rod made of super elastic alloy called GUMMETAL®. Four rubber dampers are also attached to the mirror to suppress an unexpected low-frequency vibrational mode. To evaluate the effect of the elastic rod and rubber dampers on the static and dynamic performance, tip-tilt range and open-loop frequency responses of the FSM were measured with or without dampers. Each PID controller for tip-tilt and axial motion was designed based on the FSM dynamic model. The control result showed that the bandwidth of more than 2,500 Hz in the tip-tilt direction was achieved suppressing the low-frequency vibrational mode.
Dihydroxy-Metabolites of Dihomo-γ-linolenic Acid Drive Ferroptosis-Mediated Neurodegeneration (2023)

Even after decades of research, the mechanism of neurodegeneration remains understudied, hindering the discovery of effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Recent reports suggest that ferroptosis could be a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. While polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) plays an important role in neurodegeneration and ferroptosis, how PUFAs may trigger these processes remains largely unknown. PUFA metabolites from cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase metabolic pathways may modulate neurodegeneration. Here, we test the hypothesis that specific PUFAs regulate neurodegeneration through the action of their downstream metabolites by affecting ferroptosis. We find that the PUFA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) specifically induces ferroptosis-mediated neurodegeneration in dopaminergic neurons. Using synthetic chemical probes, targeted metabolomics, and genetic mutants, we show that DGLA triggers neurodegeneration upon conversion to dihydroxyeicosadienoic acid through the action of CYP-EH (CYP, cytochrome P450; EH, epoxide hydrolase), representing a new class of lipid metabolites that induce neurodegeneration via ferroptosis.
Ion-bombardment induced light emission from Si(100) surfaces under continuous silane exposures (2004)

The intensities of the optical spectral lines emitted from a Si(100) surface under Ar+ ion bombardment are studied as a function of the ion kinetic energy (1–5keV) and the partial pressure of silane. In these experiments, the ion flux is held constant while either the bombardment energy or the partial pressure of silane is varied. The intensities of the spectral lines are normalized with respect to the intensity of the excited neutral silicon (SiI,288nm) optical line emitted from the clean Si surface. The intensities of excited neutral Si (SiI,288nm), molecular SiH (A2Δ–X2Π,414nm), H Balmer beta (486nm) and H Balmer gamma (434nm) optical lines emitted from silane exposed Si surfaces follow a similar increasing trend with respect to increasing partial pressures of silane. During continuous silane exposures, the intensity of these four lines also increases with increasing ion kinetic energy. A qualitative explanation based on the adsorption and decomposition of silane on the Si surfaces can account for this behavior. In contrast to the monotonic increase of the above emission lines with greater incident kinetic energies and higher silane partial pressures, the normalized H Balmer alpha (656nm) optical line exhibits unique behavior. The intensity of the Balmer alpha transition decreases with increasing incident ion kinetic energy at all measured partial pressures of silane.
YOLOPose: Transformer-based Multi-Object 6D Pose Estimation using Keypoint Regression (2022)

6D object pose estimation is a crucial prerequisite for autonomous robot manipulation applications. The state-of-the-art models for pose estimation are convolutional neural network (CNN)-based. Lately, Transformers, an architecture originally proposed for natural language processing, is achieving state-of-the-art results in many computer vision tasks as well. Equipped with the multi-head self-attention mechanism, Transformers enable simple single-stage end-to-end architectures for learning object detection and 6D object pose estimation jointly. In this work, we propose YOLOPose (short form for You Only Look Once Pose estimation), a Transformer-based multi-object 6D pose estimation method based on keypoint regression. In contrast to the standard heatmaps for predicting keypoints in an image, we directly regress the keypoints. Additionally, we employ a learnable orientation estimation module to predict the orientation from the keypoints. Along with a separate translation estimation module, our model is end-to-end differentiable. Our method is suitable for real-time applications and achieves results comparable to state-of-the-art methods.
A Case of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury in Rhode Island. (2020)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is currently investigating a nationwide outbreak of e- cigarette, or vaping, associated lung injury (EVALI). The objective of this case report is to review a suspected case of EVALI in Rhode Island and discuss how to identify and manage this condition.
Influence of Geometry, Edges and Roughness on Liquid Penetration and Removal during Wet Cleaning (2014)

In this study, we examined how edges and roughness influence the penetration and removal of wet cleaning liquids from model vias. First, we demonstrated the influence of edges on the pinning of liquids. Next, we used this knowledge to construct models for estimating the influence of roughness on the inception of liquid movement. Our findings suggest that roughening of via walls reduces the ability of liquids to penetrate and impedes removal.
Aging in the United Kingdom and Europe—A Snapshot of the Future? (2005)

The implications for society of increasing life span to 120 years can only be guessed, but comparing the diversity of responses to aging in different countries may give insights into the possible effect. A European Union-funded study of the recipients of community care services in 11 European countries illustrates how such studies can help identify some of the issues. The study, made possible by the availability of a multidimensional standardized assessment for community care, illustrates how diversity of social and political history and culture results in widely different patterns of dependency in those cared for at home, different levels of formal care, and informal caregiver burden. There is wide variation in living arrangements, marital status, and dependency between countries. The average age of recipients of community care is approximately 82, regardless of the average age of the national population. In Italy, which has the oldest population in Europe, dependency in people supported at home in extended families is high, with little formal care and significant levels of informal caregiver burden. In contrast the Nordic countries have lower levels of dependency and greater proportions of people with no informal caregiver. In Germany, informal caregiver burden may be related to the regulatory mechanisms rather than dependency and levels of formal care. With a life expectancy of 120, it will be these 80-year-olds who will be caring for their parents. Although humankind is resourceful, it will require a unified approach to aging to overcome the challenging diversity in our societies.
Probability distribution and noise factor of solid state photomultiplier signals with cross-talk and afterpulsing (2009)

Operating principles of Solid State Photomultipliers are based on Geiger mode avalanche breakdown limited by strong negative feedback. This operating mode provides both high gain and ultra-low excess noise of avalanche multiplication resulting in ability to detect single photons. On the other hand high gain is accompanied with cross-talk and afterpulsing processes changing the probability distribution function of output signals and arising specific excess noise. There are many reports regarding its influence on signal distribution and noise, and we suggest that some analytical expressions would be useful. We therefore are presenting a simple model of probability distribution of output signals in the presence of cross-talk and afterpulsing (namely compound Poisson distribution). The model results allow us to calculate excess noise factor of cross-talk and afterpulsing as well as to find simple way to measure its probabilities.
Efficient driving-capability programmable frequency divider with a wide division ratio range (2007)

A programmable frequency divider with close-to-50% output duty-cycle, with a wide division ratio range, is presented. The proposed divider has also provisions for binary division ratio controls, and has demonstrated operation at frequencies as high as 3.5 GHz. With the above features, the proposed divider can be used in phase-locked loops, and is capable of driving various clocked circuits, which need different clock frequencies. The proposed divider has division ratios from 8 to 510, but it can easily be extended to higher ranges by simply adding more divider stages. The divider circuit has been realised in a 0.18-μm RF CMOS process. Test results show that the output duty-cycle is 50% when the division ratio is an even number. For odd division ratios the worst-case duty-cycle is 44.4% when the division ratio is 9. The output duty-cycle becomes closer to 50% when the division ratio is an increasing odd number. For each division ratio, the output duty-cycle remains constant for different chips, with different input frequencies from gigahertz down to kilohertz ranges, and with different power supply voltages.
Sodratszerkezet vizsgálata végeselemes módszerrel (2006)

Some finite element models of the simple 7-wire rope strand are presented in this work. We examined, how to use the symmetry property for the model simplification, and the length of the clamping effect. The models were created in MSC. MARC software package. Three-dimensional solid elements were used for the model generation. We examined the wire rope strand under axial load (only tensile) and the contact, friction and plastic yielding were taken into account.
Random access point period optimization for viewport adaptive tile based streaming of 360° video (2017)

360° video streaming introduces stricter requirements to the established transmission chain than in traditional streaming services. Transmission of the complete 360° video in desirable quality can lead to multiple times UHD resolution which would waste a large fraction of network resources as the larger fraction of the video is not presented on the end device. Adaptivity to the user viewport promises substantial benefits and contrary to per-user or per-orientation encoding, tiled based streaming provides a scalable solution. We consider tiled streaming of 360° video using the cubic projection, where tiled content resides on the server at 2 different resolutions. User traces have been collected for a range of content and based on consumption patterns, tiles at the server have been optimized. More concretely, the paper optimizes the Random Access Point period that leads to the minimum transmitted bitrate, while ensuring that users watch most of the time high resolution content.