gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Übertragung von Darmflora („Stuhltransplantation“): wann und für wen? (2014)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Computer simulations of enzyme catalysis: Finding out what has been optimized by evolution (1998)

The origin of the catalytic power of enzymes is discussed, paying attention to evolutionary constraints. It is pointed out that enzyme catalysis reflects energy contributions that cannot be determined uniquely by current experimental approaches without augmenting the analysis by computer simulation studies. The use of energy considerations and computer simulations allows one to exclude many of the popular proposals for the way enzymes work. It appears that the standard approaches used by organic chemists to catalyze reactions in solutions are not used by enzymes. This point is illustrated by considering the desolvation hypothesis and showing that it cannot account for a large increase in kcat relative to the corresponding kcage for the reference reaction in a solvent cage. The problems associated with other frequently invoked mechanisms also are outlined. Furthermore, it is pointed out that mutation studies are inconsistent with ground state destabilization mechanisms. After considering factors that were not optimized by evolution, we review computer simulation studies that reproduced the overall catalytic effect of different enzymes. These studies pointed toward electrostatic effects as the most important catalytic contributions. The nature of this electrostatic stabilization mechanism is far from being obvious because the electrostatic interaction between the reacting system and the surrounding area is similar in enzymes and in solution. However, the difference is that enzymes have a preorganized dipolar environment that does not have to pay the reorganization energy for stabilizing the relevant transition states. Apparently, the catalytic power of enzymes is stored in their folding energy in the form of the preorganized polar environment.
Effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant on transport and retention of iron oxide nanoparticles in water-saturated quartz sand (2020)

Column experiments and mathematical modeling results demonstrated that rhamnolipid biosurfactant can enhance the stability and mobility of iron oxide nanoparticles in water-saturated quartz sand.
Model-reference adaptive steering control of a farm tractor with varying hitch forces (2008)

This paper presents a model-reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for steering a farm tractor with varying hitch forces. Hitch forces play an important role in the yaw dynamics of the tractor, and these forces change with respect to different implements and soil conditions. It is desired that the tractor has the same dynamic response no matter what the hitch forces may be. A good dynamic yaw model has been developed for a tractor with hitch forces, and one parameter in this model changes with hitch loading. A MRAC algorithm is consequently proposed to directly adapt one controller parameter to changing hitch loading. A set of cascaded controllers will be used to regulate the tractor's lateral position, although only the controller that directly regulates the yaw rate will be adapted. The adaptation algorithm is then augmented to account for inner-loop steering actuator dynamics and saturations. Simulated and experimental results are presented.
Effect of yoga based lifestyle intervention on state and trait anxiety. (2006)

Considerable evidence exists for the place of mind body medicine in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Excessive anxiety is maladaptive. It is often considered to be the major component of unhealthy lifestyle that contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of not only psychiatric but also many other systemic disorders. Among the approaches to reduce the level of anxiety has been the search for healthy lifestyles. The aim of the study was to study the short-term impact of a comprehensive but brief lifestyle intervention, based on yoga, on anxiety levels in normal and diseased subjects. The study was the result of operational research carried out in the Integral Health Clinic (IHC) at the Department of Physiology of All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The subjects had history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, 'stress'), gastrointestinal problems (non ulcer dyspepsia, duodenal ulcers, irritable bowel disease, Crohn's disease, chronic constipation) and thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism). The intervention consisted of asanas, pranayama, relaxation techniques, group support, individualized advice, and lectures and films on philosophy of yoga, the place of yoga in daily life, meditation, stress management, nutrition, and knowledge about the illness. The outcome measures were anxiety scores, taken on the first and last day of the course. Anxiety scores, both state and trait anxiety were significantly reduced. Among the diseased subjects significant improvement was seen in the anxiety levels of patients of hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, cervical spondylitis and those with psychiatric disorders. The observations suggest that a short educational programme for lifestyle modification and stress management leads to remarkable reduction in the anxiety scores within a period of 10 days.
Desempenho produtivo, estimativa de parâmetros genéticos e seleção de sacha inchi na Amazônia central (2017)

In Brazil, sacha inchi oil is produced by hand from plant materials with no breeding or detailed information about the chemical composition of seeds. In addition, most of the current information on the agronomic traits of this species originates from research carried out in the Peruvian Amazon. In order to promote the research and cultivation of sacha inchi in the Brazilian territory, this study aimed to analyze, in the central Amazon region, different accessions of this oilseed for characteristics of production and quality of fruits and seeds, as well as to estimate genetic parameters, through mixed models, with identification of superior accessions, for breeding purposes. A total of 37 non-domesticated accessions were evaluated in a randomized block design, with five replications and two plants per plot. The average oil content in seeds was 29.07 % and unsaturated fatty acids amounted to 91.5 % of the total fat content. For the yield traits, the estimates of individual broad-sense heritability were moderate (~0.33), while the heritability based on the average of progenies resulted in a selective accuracy of approximately 0.85. The use of the selection index provided simultaneous gains for yield traits (&gt; 40 %) and oil yield. A high genetic variability was observed for the main traits of commercial interest for the species, as well as promising perspectives for the development of superior varieties for agro-industrial use.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Mixed N-(Salicylidene)-O-Mercaptoaniline Dialkyldithiophosphato Derivatives of Antimony(III) (1998)

(1998). Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Mixed N-(Salicylidene)-O-Mercaptoaniline Dialkyldithiophosphato Derivatives of Antimony(III) Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements: Vol. 134, No. 1, pp. 87-97.
Positively Charged Nanosheets Derived via Total Delamination of Layered Double Hydroxides (2005)

Positively charged nanosheets with a lateral dimension of micrometers have been synthesized by directly delaminating a well-crystallized Mg−Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the nitrate form. The action of formamide on LDH crystals 10 μm in size led to a transparent solution. X-ray diffraction measurement on a glue-like colloid centrifuged from the solution detected a broad feature at small angular range, while completely losing the sharp reflections for the precursor crystalline compound. The broad profile was very similar to the square of the structure factor calculated based on the LDH structure, which provides strong evidence for the total exfoliation of the LDH crystals into their single sheets. Upon in situ aging in a stream of nitrogen gas, the broad pattern was gradually converted into a sharp basal diffraction pattern, indicating the restacking of molecular LDH nanosheets to restore the original stacked form. Observations by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed delaminated nanosheets with a lateral size of several micrometers and a thickness of 0.8 nm. The electron diffraction data and elemental microanalysis results as well as these morphological features supported the formation of unilamellar LDH sheets. The LDH nanosheets could be assembled layer-by-layer with an anionic polymer, poly(sodium styrene 4-sulfonate) (PSS), onto the solid surface to produce ultrathin nanocomposite films, demonstrating their usefulness as a positively charged lamellar nanoblock. The formation of nanostructured multilayer assemblies was confirmed by the progressive enhancement of UV absorbance due to PSS and the evolution of X-ray diffraction peaks showing a repeating distance of ∼2.0 nm.
Validation of an Improved ‘Diffeomorphic Demons’ Algorithm for Deformable Image Registration in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (2014)

Deformable image registration (DIR) was widely used in radiation therapy, such as in automatic contour generation, dose accumulation, tumor growth or regression analysis. To achieve higher registration accuracy and faster convergence, an improved 'diffeomorphic demons' registration algorithm was proposed and validated. Based on Brox et al.'s gradient constancy assumption and Malis's efficient second-order minimization (ESM) algorithm, a grey value gradient similarity term and a transformation error term were added into the demons energy function, and a formula was derived to calculate the update of transformation field. The limited Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm was used to optimize the energy function so that the iteration number could be determined automatically. The proposed algorithm was validated using mathematically deformed images and physically deformed phantom images. Compared with the original 'diffeomorphic demons' algorithm, the registration method proposed achieve a higher precision and a faster convergence speed. Due to the influence of different scanning conditions in fractionated radiation, the density range of the treatment image and the planning image may be different. In such a case, the improved demons algorithm can achieve faster and more accurate radiotherapy.
Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Delays the Onset of Alzhiemer's Disease-Associated Pathology in Male and Female 3xTg Mice (2022)

Focused Ultrasound (FUS) is capable of opening the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBBO) in a reversible and targeted manner for the purposes of drug delivery and neuroimmune modulation. FUS-BBBO has been used to reduce Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-associated pathologies in murine models of progressed AD, however new discoveries about the role of AD pathology in disease onset and progression motivates an investigation into factors upstream of pathology accumulation. Here we investigate the ability of monthly FUS-BBBO sessions for preventing the onset and progression of AD pathology in male and female 3xTg mice. Four monthly sessions of FUS-BBBO effectively prevent the accumulation of Amyloid- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">${\beta}(\mathbf{A}{\beta})$</tex> and tau pathologies compared to age-matched., untreated controls.
Decomposition of a visual scene into three-dimensional bodies (1968)

We consider visual scenes composed by the optical image of a group of bodies. When such a scene is "seen" by a computer through a film spot scanner, image dissector, or similar device, it can be treated as a two-dimensional array of numbers, or as a function of two variables.
Argyria following the use of silver-coated megaprostheses (2013)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of local argyria in patients with silver-coated megaprostheses and to identify a possible association between argyria and elevated levels of silver both locally and in the blood. Between 2004 and 2011, 32 megaprostheses with silver coatings were implanted in 20 female and 12 male patients following revision arthroplasty for infection or resection of a malignant tumour, and the levels of silver locally in drains and seromas and in the blood were determined. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (10 to 81); one patient died in the immediate post-operative period and was excluded. Seven patients (23%) developed local argyria after a median of 25.7 months (interquartile range 2 to 44.5). Patients with and without local argyria had comparable levels of silver in the blood and aspiration fluids. The length of the implant did not influence the development of local argyria. Patients with clinical evidence of local argyria had no neurological symptoms and no evidence of renal or hepatic failure. Thus, we conclude that the short-term surveillance of blood silver levels in these patients is not required.
Large volume 60 minute hyperthermia sonication with hilips Sonalleve V2 MR-HIFU System – animal in-vivo experiment (2014)

Background Mild hyperthermia (41.5-44°C) has been shown to enhance the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, currently available heating methods are often inefficient in inducing conformal hyperthermia for deep seated targets. Here, the software of Philips Sonalleve V2 MR-HIFU system was modified to enable performing a long duration large volume hyperthermia sonication in in-vivo porcine thigh muscle.
Limit cycle phenomena in computational transonic aeroelasticity (1994)

Limit cycle behavior has been observed in past transonic flutter calculations by the authors, using a two degree of freedom typical section model coupled to an unsteady Euler equation solver. In this article, the structural nonlinearity of freeplay has been added to the typical section model, and its effects on the dynamic stability problem are assessed. In addition, limit cycle behavior in the swept wing model of Isogai is demonstrated and related to the observed presence of multiple flutter points in the transonic dip region
The IE2 gene products of human cytomegalovirus specifically down-regulate expression from the major immediate-early promoter through a target sequence located near the cap site (1990)

The 82-kDa IE2 protein of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) acts as both a powerful nonspecific trans activator of heterologous promoters and a negative autoregulator of HCMV immediate-early gene expression in transient assays. We show here that the highly specific down-regulation effect occurs in permissive diploid human fibroblast cells as well as in nonpermissive Vero cells and that the target sequences are conserved within the major immediate-early promoters of both HCMV and simian cytomegalovirus. The response sequences were localized between -67 and +30 in the simian cytomegalovirus IE94 promoter and upstream of position +9 in the HCMV IE68 promoter. Deletion of sequences downstream of -14 in a target IE68-CAT gene abolished the negative phenotype and resulted in a reporter gene that was stimulated instead of inhibited by cotransfection with IE2 effector DNA. Insertion of an oligonucleotide containing sequences from between -17 and +9 into the IE68-CAT deletion construction restored autoregulation in either orientation. Furthermore, this same oligonucleotide transferred the full down-regulation phenotype when inserted at +10 into the nonresponsive IE175 promoter from herpes simplex virus. Therefore, a specific response signal that acts at the DNA level must lie within these boundaries. Additional analysis with inserted oligonucleotides containing deletions or point mutations revealed that essential components of the signal lie between positions -12 and +5. Therefore, negative autoregulation by HCMV IE2 in DNA cotransfection systems resembles that for simian virus 40 large T antigen and herpes simplex virus IE175 by acting through a signal located near the cap site, but the target sequence itself bears no resemblance to those utilized in these other viral systems.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The importance of p53 pathway genetics in inherited and somatic cancer genomes. (2017)

Decades of research has proven that mutations in the p53 stress response pathway affect the incidence of diverse cancers more than mutations in other pathways.However, most evidence is limited to somatic mutations and rare inherited mutations.Using newly abundant genomic data, we demonstrate that commonly inherited genetic variants in the p53 pathway also affect the incidence of a broad range of cancers more than variants in other pathways.The p53 pathway
HIV Gag-specific immune responses predict the rate of CD4 decline (2008)

In the present study, we assessed whether Gag-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma secreting responses correlate with the rate of disease progression as defined by the annual rate of CD4 decline. Although neither the breadth nor the magnitude of the proteome-wide HIV-specific IFN-gamma response correlated with viral load or rate of CD4 decline, the preferential targeting of Gag is associated with slower annual CD4 T cell decline.
Back Door Modulation of the Farnesoid X Receptor:  Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Side Chain Modified Chenodeoxycholic Acid Derivatives (2006)

Carbamate derivatives of bile acids were synthesized with the aim of systematically exploring the potential for farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulation endowed with occupancy of the receptor's back door, localized between loops H1-H2 and H4-H5. Since it was previously shown that bile acids bind to FXR by projecting the carboxylic tail opposite the transactivation function 2 (AF-2, helix 12), functionalization of the side chain is not expected to interfere directly with the orientation of H12 but can result in a more indirect way of receptor modulation. The newly synthesized compounds were extensively characterized for their ability to modulate FXR function in a variety of assays, including the cell-free fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay and the cell-based luciferase transactivation assay, and displayed a broad range of activity from full agonism to partial antagonism. Docking studies clearly indicate that the side chain of the new derivatives fits in a so far unexploited receptor cavity localized near the "back door" of FXR. We thus demonstrate the possibility of achieving a broad FXR modulation without directly affecting the H12 orientation.
Nonnegative tensor decomposition with custom clustering for microphase separation of block copolymers (2019)

High‐dimensional datasets are becoming ubiquitous in many applications and therefore unsupervised tensor methods to interrogate them are needed. Here, we report a new unsupervised machine learning (ML) approach (NTFk) based on nonnegative tensor factorization integrated with a custom k‐means clustering. We demonstrate the ability of NTFk to extracting temporal and spatial features of phase separation of copolymers as they are modeled by self‐consistent field theory. Microphase separation of block copolymers has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. However, the interpretation of computer simulations and/or experimental data, representing temporal and spatial changes of molecular species concentration is still a challenging task. Thus, extracting the phase diagram from simulations or experimental data as well as the interpretation of data requires discernment of the model/experimental parameters (such as, temperature, concentrations, the number of molecular species and the interaction between species) impact on the microphase separation process. An attractive and unique aspect of the introduced ML method is that it ensures the nonnegativity of the extracted latent features. Nonnegativity is an essential constraint needed to obtain interpretable and sparse latent features that are parts‐based representation of the data. The custom clustering in NTFk serves to estimate the number of latent features in the data.
The Endoscopic Approach to Forehead and Brow Lifting (1998)

Nicanor G. Isse, MD, Burbank, CA , is a board-certified plastic surgeon and an ASAPS member.



The endoscopic approach to forehead and brow lifts results in fewer sequelae, can be offered to a wide variety of patients, and enables the plastic surgeon to decide more easily whether to perform a foreheadplasty. I have been using this approach since it was devised in 1992. Through small incisions, using an endoscope, I am able to make various tissue modifications and to achieve results on the forehead and brow area and periorbital area that are similar or equal to the open approach. All the procedures that can be done through an open approach—canthopexy, corrugator removal, osteoma, frontal bossing, and so forth—can be done with the endoscopic approach as well. In addition, I am able to differentiate the musculature in the glabellar area more clearly from one another to make the necessary modifications (the endoscope magnifies the tissues by a factor of 10). When I was using the open approach, the emphasis was on the …
MMA Training: Direct Input Space Margin Maximization through Adversarial\n Training (2018)

We study adversarial robustness of neural networks from a margin maximization\nperspective, where margins are defined as the distances from inputs to a\nclassifier's decision boundary. Our study shows that maximizing margins can be\nachieved by minimizing the adversarial loss on the decision boundary at the\n"shortest successful perturbation", demonstrating a close connection between\nadversarial losses and the margins. We propose Max-Margin Adversarial (MMA)\ntraining to directly maximize the margins to achieve adversarial robustness.\nInstead of adversarial training with a fixed $\\epsilon$, MMA offers an\nimprovement by enabling adaptive selection of the "correct" $\\epsilon$ as the\nmargin individually for each datapoint. In addition, we rigorously analyze\nadversarial training with the perspective of margin maximization, and provide\nan alternative interpretation for adversarial training, maximizing either a\nlower or an upper bound of the margins. Our experiments empirically confirm our\ntheory and demonstrate MMA training's efficacy on the MNIST and CIFAR10\ndatasets w.r.t. $\\ell_\\infty$ and $\\ell_2$ robustness. Code and models are\navailable at https://github.com/BorealisAI/mma_training.\n
N° 26. — Nature des précipités d'oxydes hydratés des métaux du groupe IV A (1970)

L’emploi conjugué de l’Analyse Thermique et de la Spectroscopie Infrarouge a permis de montrer qu’on doit considérer les oxydes précipités amorphes de titane, zirconium, hafnium et thorium séchés par lyophilisation, comme des oxyhydroxydes hydratés MO2-x(OH)2x, yH20. Ils contiennent à la fois des molécules d’eau plus ou moins liées au solide, et des groupes — OH liés à l’atome métallique.
Orientation Direction Control in Liquid Crystalline Photoalignable Polymeric Films by Adjusting the Free-Surface Condition (2016)

Adjusting the free-surface condition facilely controls the in-plane and out-of-plane orientations in liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) films. Top coating with aromatic molecules onto LC polymethacrylate films with <i>N</i>-benzylideneaniline (NBA) or 4-methoxybiphenyl (MB) side groups (PNBAM or PMBM) and subsequent annealing generate a random planar orientation while simultaneously removing the coated aromatic molecules, whereas annealing noncoated films induces a homeotropic orientation of the mesogenic side groups. Additionally, irradiating a top-coated PNBAM film with linearly polarized (LP) 365 nm light induces an in-plane molecular reorientation of the NBA side groups without changing the orientation in the homeotropically oriented region. Changes in the surface topology of the LCP films due to the reorientation processes are investigated in detail. Inkjet coating with aromatic molecules and LP 365 nm light exposure precisely controls the in-plane and out-of-plane alignment pattern in a PNBAM film.