gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Fine-Tuning Methods for Cross-lingual Adaptation (2021)

Large scale multilingual pre-trained language models have shown promising results in zeroand few-shot cross-lingual tasks. However, recent studies have shown their lack of generalizability when the languages are structurally dissimilar. In this work, we propose a novel fine-tuning method based on co-training that aims to learn more generalized semantic equivalences as complementary to multilingual language modeling using the unlabeled data in the target language. We also propose an adaption method based on contrastive learning to better capture the semantic relationship in the parallel data, when a few translation pairs are available. To show our method's effectiveness, we conduct extensive experiments on cross-lingual inference and review classification tasks across various languages. We report significant gains compared to directly finetuning multilingual pre-trained models and other semi-supervised alternatives. 1
Polynucleotide kinase 3′ phosphatase variant, dietary variables and risk of adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial (2008)

Polymorphisms in a number of genes encoding for DNA repair enzymes have been associated with altering the function of these enzymes and increasing risk of a number of cancers, including colon cancer. We have investigated the association between a common variant in polynucleotide kinase 3' phosphatase (PNKP), a putative DNA repair enzyme, and risk of adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial participants. We also investigated possible interaction or effect modification between carriage of the variant allele, dietary components and risk of adenoma recurrence. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for an association between the G/T polymorphism, PNKP T5644G and risk of adenoma recurrence. We observed no association between carriage of the variant allele and risk of adenoma recurrence. Furthermore, we found no effect modification between genotype, dietary components and risk of adenoma recurrence. The PNKP T5644G variant does not seem to be involved in adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial.
Impact of the Impurities on the Conductivity of Low-Density Polyethylene (2020)

In this study, the byproduct-driven conduction current in LDPE was investigated. We built an experimental fixture to measure bulk conductivity in LDPE soaked with byproducts. Ohmic conduction was observed below 10 kV/mm. At above 10 kV/mm, space charge limited current (SCLC) predicts observed conduction in LDPE soaked with byproducts. It is found that the addition of byproducts introduces charge traps with discrete energy levels which dominate conduction. Degassed samples, on the other hand, show slopes of greater than 2.5 in a current-voltage log-log plot which was attributed to the charge traps with continuous energy levels. By analyzing the thickness dependence of the current, we observed a transition from electrode- to bulk-limited current at above 20 kV/mm for acetophenone- and α-cumyl alcohol-soaked samples. The α-methylstyrene-soaked samples only show electrode-limited current.
Ultrafast carrier activation in resonantly excited 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs quantum dots at room temperature (2002)

Carrier activation dynamics is measured in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots with a high degree of electronic state symmetry, at room temperature and following resonant excitation in the ground state. Carriers are activated to the first excited state on a 15-ps time scale in the low-excitation regime, and the total activation rate increases quadratically with the fractional dot occupation. Electron-hole interaction is identified as the dominant mechanism of electron scattering within the lowest confined states of a single quantum dot, circumventing the observation of a phonon bottleneck.
SOI: a metamorphosis of silicon (1999)

For the next millennium, SOI offers the opportunity to integrate high-performance and/or innovative devices that can push away the present frontiers of the CMOS down-scaling. SOI will play a significant role in the future of microelectronics if subsisting problems can be rapidly solved. The short-term prospects of SOI-based microelectronics will also closely depend on the penetration rate of LP/LV SOI circuits into the market, A key challenge is associated with the industrial strategy, which must be oriented to overcome the bulk-Si monocultural barrier. Designers, process engineers, and managers are extremely busy loading the bulk-Si machine. When, eventually, they can afford to take a careful look at the assets of SOI technology, they do realize the immediate and long-term benefits offered in terms of performance and scaling extensions. Several companies have already accomplished this step; others will follow soon. SOI should not be regarded as a totally different technology. It is just a metamorphosis of silicon.
Expression and regulation of human pulmonary fibroblast-derived monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (1992)

Monocyte recruitment is essential for maintenance of normal pulmonary macrophage populations. In addition, acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases are associated with sequestration of mononuclear phagocytes in the lung. Although alveolar macrophages (AM phi) can secrete a number of potent inflammatory and chemoattractment mediators, these immune cells do not produce monocyte chemotactic peptide (MCP-1) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). The pulmonary fibroblast (PF) may play a pivotal role in monocyte recruitment. In these studies, we demonstrate a time- and dose-dependent production of PF-derived steady-state MCP-1 mRNA, MCP-1 antigen, and monocyte chemotactic bioactivity attributable to MCP-1. In cellular models examining cytokine networks between AM phi and PF, LSP-stimulated AM phi (conditioned media) induced PF-derived steady-state MCP-1 mRNA expression that was markedly attenuated by the presence of neutralizing TNF and IL-1 beta antibodies. Furthermore, we showed the dose- and time-dependent suppression of IL-1 beta-stimulated PF-derived MCP-1 by dexamethasone and prostaglandin E2. These findings demonstrated that PF are an important cellular source of MCP-1 and this production of MCP-1 may be influenced by immunomodulators.
Rice BiP3 regulates immunity mediated by the PRRs XA3 and XA21 but not immunity mediated by the NB-LRR protein, Pi5 (2014)

ABSTRACT Plant innate immunity is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular NB-LRR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat) proteins. Overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, luminal-binding protein 3 (BiP3) compromises resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ) mediated by the rice PRR XA21 (Park et al., PLoS ONE 5(2): e9262). Here we show that BiP3 overexpression also compromises resistance mediated by rice XA3, a PRR that provides broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo . In contrast, BiP3 overexpression has no effect on resistance mediated by rice Pi5, an NB-LRR protein that confers resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae ( M. oryzae ). Our results suggest that rice BiP3 regulates membrane-resident PRR-mediated immunity.
Sensorless Position Control of Linear Electromagnetic Actuator for Gear Shift Unit (2022)

Conventional manual transmissions suffer from deterioration due to wear and reduced responsiveness. Therefore, a linear electromagnetic actuator (LEA) for gear shifting has been developed. Since the LEA is a direct drive, it prevents deterioration due to wear and has high responsiveness. In addition, this LEA has a high holding force by detent force at three points. In this paper, sensorless position estimation is performed to simplify the system. Since one coil is not energized during driving in this LEA, so the back-EMF of the unenergized phase can be measured. We propose a sensorless position estimation method that focuses on the variation of the magnetic flux linkage characteristics in the position change. The simulation results show that the sensorless position control is possible.
A system for MRI‐guided transperineal delivery of needles to the prostate for focal therapy (2013)

A system for delivering needles to a patient's prostate for focal therapy within the bore of an MRI scanner has been developed. Results from needle insertion tests in phantoms suggest that the system has the potential to provide accurate delivery of focal therapy to prostate tumors of the smallest clinically significant size. Initial tests in two patients showed that needle deflection was larger than in phantoms, but methods of manually compensating for this effect were employed and needles were delivered to treatment sites with sufficient accuracy to deliver effective treatment. In addition, the treatment was delivered in less time than with a fixed grid template or freehand insertions. Despite this success, methods of reducing needle deflection are needed in order to fully utilize the potential of this system, and further reduce total procedure time.
Multisensor fusion for simultaneous localization and map building (2001)

This paper describes how multisensor fusion increases both reliability and precision of the environmental observations used for the simultaneous localization and map-building problem for mobile robots. Multisensor fusion is performed at the level of landmarks, which represent sets of related and possibly correlated sensor observations. The work emphasizes the idea of partial redundancy due to the different nature of the information provided by different sensors. Experimentation with a mobile robot equipped with a multisensor system composed of a 2D laser rangefinder and a charge coupled device camera is reported.
Chronic nicotine in hearts with healed ventricular myocardial infarction promotes atrial flutter that resembles typical human atrial flutter (2005)

The potential of chronic nicotine exposure for atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) in hearts with and without chronic myocardial infarction (MI) remains poorly explored. MI was created in dogs by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and dogs were administered nicotine (5 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) sc) for 1 mo using osmotic minipumps. High-resolution epicardial (1,792 bipolar electrodes) and endocardial Halo catheters were used to map activation during induced atrial rhythms. Nicotine promoted inducible sustained AFL at a mean cycle length of 134 +/- 10 ms in all MI dogs (n = 6) requiring pacing and electrical shocks for termination. No AFL could be induced in MI dogs (n = 6), control (non-MI) dogs (n = 3) not exposed to nicotine, and dogs with no MI and exposed to nicotine (n = 3). Activation maps during AFL showed a single reentrant wavefront in the right atrium that rotated either clockwise (60%) or counterclockwise (40%) around the crista terminalis and through the isthmus. Ablation of the isthmus prevented the induction of AFL. Nicotine caused a significant (P < 0.01) but highly heterogeneous increase in atrial interstitial fibrosis (2- to 10-fold increase in left and right atria, respectively) in the MI group but only a 2-fold increase in the right atrium in the non-MI group. Nicotine also flattened (P < 0.05) the slope of the epicardial monophasic action potential duration (electrical restitution) curve of both atria in the MI but not in non-MI dogs. Two-dimensional simulation in an excitable matrix containing an isthmus and nicotine's restitutional and reduced gap junctional coupling (fibrosis) parameters replicated the experiments. Chronic nicotine in hearts with MI promotes AFL that closely resembles typical human AFL. Increased atrial interstitial fibrosis and flattened electrical restitution are important substrates for the AFL.
Properties of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase from barley1 (1978)

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.11) is present in greening barley seedlings associated with the particulate fraction. This enzyme was purified 20 fold using protamine and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The enzyme was active over a wide pH range with highest activity at pH 7.5. The Km values for Mg-protoporphyrin IX and S-adenosylmethionine were 48 and 39 μM, respectively; S-adenosylethionine and S-adenosyihomocysteine were competitive inhibitors with respect to S-adenosylmethionine; hemin inhibition was non-competitive with respect to Mg-protoporphyrin IX; thiol compounds exhibited a stimulatory effect on enzyme activity. The properties of the enzyme are discussed and compared with the enzyme from other organisms.
Hxt encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates trophoblast cell development (1995)

Trophoblast cells are the first lineage to form in the mammalian conceptus and mediate the process of implantation. We report the cloning of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor gene, Hxt, that is expressed in early trophoblast and in differentiated giant cells. A separate gene, Hed, encodes a related protein that is expressed in maternal deciduum surrounding the implantation site. Overexpression of Hxt in mouse blastomeres directed their development into trophoblast cells in blastocysts. In addition, overexpression of Hxt induced the differentiation of rat trophoblast (Rcho-1) stem cells as assayed by changes in cell adhesion and by activation of the placental lactogen-I gene promoter, a trophoblast giant cell-specific gene. In contrast, the negative HLH regulator, Id-1, inhibited Rcho-1 differentiation and placental lactogen-I transcription. These data demonstrate a role for HLH factors in regulating trophoblast development and indicate a positive role for Hxt in promoting the formation of trophoblast giant cells.
Abstract 2017: A liquid biopsy approach to gastric cancer reveals a signature reflective of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (2023)

Abstract Comprehensive proteomic profiling of plasmas collected before and after neo-adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer (GC) yielded 522 proteins exhibiting higher pre-treatment levels compared to healthy controls and among them, 345 proteins decreased after the treatment. Increased levels of cytoskeleton-related proteins were manifest in the plasmas of GC patients. Cytoskeletal proteins are known to play integral roles in modulating epithelial plasticity by altering mechanical strength and structural design that is critical for cancer cell motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and invasion. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of highly expressed circulating proteins identified key oncogenic upstream transcriptional regulators and proteins that promote EMT, including KRAS, MYC and TGFB. Additionally, pathways involved in remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions, actin cytoskeleton signaling and VEGF signaling that also play a key role in EMT were upregulated. Additional datasets from proteomic profiling of multiple (N=6) GC cell lines were intersected with GC patient plasma profiles provided supporting evidence of a cancer cell origin of circulating cytoskeletal features. ACTC1, ACTN1, ACTR3, MYH9, TUBA1A, TUBA4A and TLN1 were highly expressed in both conditioned media released from GC cell lines and plasma samples of GC patients. Our findings are indicative of a blood-based signature of cytoskeletal proteins that is reflective of EMT in the context of gastric cancer. Citation Format: Ali H. Abdel Sater, Yihui Chen, Johannes F. Fahrmann, Ehsan Irajizad, Yining Cai, Fuchung Hsiao, Jody V. Vykoukal, Hiroyuki Katayama, Ricardo A. Léon-Letelier, Rongzhang Dou, Edwin J. Ostrin, Melissa Pizzi, Kohei Yamashita, Matheus Sewastjanow Da Silva, Shumei Song, Jaffer Ajani, Samir Hanash. A liquid biopsy approach to gastric cancer reveals a signature reflective of epithelial to mesenchymal transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2017.
Radiation Therapy in the Management of Malignant Melanoma. (2015)

The initial treatment for primary and locoregional melanoma is surgery. Systemic therapy, and more recently immune therapy, has been the mainstay in the adjuvant and particularly the metastatic setting. Aside from palliation, there is a limited role for definitive radiation therapy for melanoma. However, in the adjuvant setting, postoperative radiation can improve locoregional disease control, albeit with potential toxicity and limited survival benefit. Stereotactic radiosurgery plays a vital role in the treatment of limited brain and extracranial metastasis.
Emotion disrupts neural activity during selective attention in psychopathy (2011)

Dimensions of psychopathy are theorized to be associated with distinct cognitive and emotional abnormalities that may represent unique neurobiological risk factors for the disorder. This hypothesis was investigated by examining whether the psychopathic personality dimensions of fearless-dominance and impulsive-antisociality moderated neural activity and behavioral responses associated with selective attention and emotional processing during an emotion-word Stroop task in 49 adults. As predicted, the dimensions evidenced divergent selective-attention deficits and sensitivity to emotional distraction. Fearless-dominance was associated with disrupted attentional control to positive words, and activation in right superior frontal gyrus mediated the relationship between fearless-dominance and errors to positive words. In contrast, impulsive-antisociality evidenced increased behavioral interference to both positive and negative words and correlated positively with recruitment of regions associated with motivational salience (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula), emotion regulation (temporal cortex, superior frontal gyrus) and attentional control (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). Individuals high on both dimensions had increased recruitment of regions related to attentional control (temporal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex), response preparation (pre-/post-central gyri) and motivational value (orbitofrontal cortex) in response to negative words. These findings provide evidence that the psychopathy dimensions represent dual sets of risk factors characterized by divergent dysfunction in cognitive and affective processes.
Genetic analysis of growth curves using the SAEM algorithm (2006)

The analysis of nonlinear function-valued characters is very important in genetic studies, especially for growth traits of agricultural and laboratory species. Inference in nonlinear mixed effects models is, however, quite complex and is usually based on likelihood approximations or Bayesian methods. The aim of this paper was to present an efficient stochastic EM procedure, namely the SAEM algorithm, which is much faster to converge than the classical Monte Carlo EM algorithm and Bayesian estimation procedures, does not require specification of prior distributions and is quite robust to the choice of starting values. The key idea is to recycle the simulated values from one iteration to the next in the EM algorithm, which considerably accelerates the convergence. A simulation study is presented which confirms the advantages of this estimation procedure in the case of a genetic analysis. The SAEM algorithm was applied to real data sets on growth measurements in beef cattle and in chickens. The proposed estimation procedure, as the classical Monte Carlo EM algorithm, provides significance tests on the parameters and likelihood based model comparison criteria to compare the nonlinear models with other longitudinal methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Substituted Allyl‐ and Homoallylstannanes by Selenoxide Elimination. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visualization of spatial data via heuristic search and surface fitting (2002)

The paper discusses the surfaces of 3D objects given a collection of points taken from the boundary of the objects. By combining heuristic search with surface fitting, surfaces can be constructed from a collection of points even when spacing of the points is too large to be handled by the popular volume-based approaches. The goal of the heuristic is to produce a polyhedron which determines the rough shape of the smooth simple surface to be constructed. More specifically, the heuristic search identifies, among the simple polyhedra whose vertices are exactly the given data points, the most natural simple polyhedron. Surface fitting generates a smooth piecewise quadric surface in a constructed neighbourhood Sigma of the polyhedron produced by the heuristic search. A simple smooth surface that can be constructed within Sigma is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 2D to 3D ultrasound image registration algorithm for robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (2011)

Robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) is an effective approach to resect the diseased organ, with stereoscopic views of the targeted tissue improving the dexterity of the surgeons. However, since the laparoscopic view acquires only the surface image of the tissue, the underlying distribution of the cancer within the organ is not observed, making it difficult to make informed decisions on surgical margins and sparing of neurovascular bundles. One option to address this problem is to exploit registration to integrate the laparoscopic view with images of pre-operatively acquired dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI that can demonstrate the regions of malignant tissue within the prostate. Such a view potentially allows the surgeon to visualize the location of the malignancy with respect to the surrounding neurovascular structures, permitting a tissue-sparing strategy to be formulated directly based on the observed tumour distribution. If the tumour is close to the capsule, it may be determined that the adjacent neurovascular bundle (NVB) needs to be sacrificed within the surgical margin to ensure that any erupted tumour was resected. On the other hand, if the cancer is sufficiently far from the capsule, one or both NVBs may be spared. However, in order to realize such image integration, the pre-operative image needs to be fused with the laparoscopic view of the prostate. During the initial stages of the operation, the prostate must be tracked in real time so that the pre-operative MR image remains aligned with patient coordinate system. In this study, we propose and investigate a novel 2D to 3D ultrasound image registration algorithm to track the prostate motion with an accuracy of 2.68±1.31mm.
Shape-encoded particle for DNA analysis (2004)

This paper reports the use of a shape-encoded particle (SEP) as a substrate for biochemical probe (such as DNA or protein) attachment and identification. Its application involves large-scale genomic/proteomic analysis of multiple data based on shape-recognizable microparticles. Many samples from different sources (e.g. DNA/RNA from multiple subjects) can be assayed in parallel on the microparticles with known probes immobilized onto the surface in a way similar to DNA analysis. The information obtained (i.e. hybridization data) can then be sorted out and re-associated back to the specific probe based on encoded shape on the microparticles. Our goal is to provide a simple tool to greatly simplify the DNA microarray procedure, and allow more flexibility and better quality control in experimental design. Compared to other barcoding techniques, SEPs are easy to fabricate, low cost, unlimited supply of distinguishable particles, and non-interfering with the reporter signals.