gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere – Part 2: A RO x radical cycling perspective (2010)

Abstract. A box model using measurements from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area study in the spring of 2003 (MCMA-2003) is presented to study oxidative capacity (our ability to predict OH radicals) and ROx (ROx=OH+HO2+RO2+RO) radical cycling in a polluted (i.e., very high NOx=NO+NO2) atmosphere. Model simulations were performed using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.1) constrained with 10 min averaged measurements of major radical sources (i.e., HCHO, HONO, O3, CHOCHO, etc.), radical sink precursors (i.e., NO, NO2, SO2, CO, and 102 volatile organic compounds (VOC)), meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, water vapor concentration, dilution), and photolysis frequencies. Modeled HOx (=OH+HO2) concentrations compare favorably with measured concentrations for most of the day; however, the model under-predicts the concentrations of radicals in the early morning. This "missing reactivity" is highest during peak photochemical activity, and is least visible in a direct comparison of HOx radical concentrations. We conclude that the most likely scenario to reconcile model predictions with observations is the existence of a currently unidentified additional source for RO2 radicals, in combination with an additional sink for HO2 radicals that does not form OH. The true uncertainty due to "missing reactivity" is apparent in parameters like chain length. We present a first attempt to calculate chain length rigorously i.e., we define two parameters that account for atmospheric complexity, and are based on (1) radical initiation, n(OH), and (2) radical termination, ω. We find very high values of n(OH) in the early morning are incompatible with our current understanding of ROx termination routes. We also observe missing reactivity in the rate of ozone production (P(O3)). For example, the integral amount of ozone produced could be under-predicted by a factor of two. We argue that this uncertainty is partly accounted for in lumped chemical codes that are optimized to predict ozone concentrations; however, these codes do not reflect the true uncertainty in oxidative capacity that is relevant to other aspects of air quality management, such as the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Our analysis highlights that apart from uncertainties in emissions, and meteorology, there is an additional major uncertainty in chemical mechanisms that affects our ability to predict ozone and SOA formation with confidence.
Twisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Structural studies of protic and deuteriated 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyltriphenylenes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Structural studies of protic and deuteriated 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyltriphenylenesRobert A. Pascal Jr., Donna Van Engen, Bart Kahr, and William D. McMillanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 8, 1687–1689Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00243a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00243a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abstract 4286: TGFβ induced SMAD4 dependent apoptosis proceeded by EMT in colorectal cancer (2019)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cause of cancer-related deaths Worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, CRC is more aggressive and presents at younger age, warranting new treatment strategies. Role of TGFβ/Smad4 signaling pathway in initiation and progression of CRC is well documented. Current study examined the role of TGFβ/Smad4 signaling pathway in a large cohort of Saudi CRC, followed by in vitro analysis to dissect the dual role of TGFβ on inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated Smad4 alterations and their association with clinicopathological outcomes in a large cohort of CRC samples using targeted capture sequencing, Fluorescent in-situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. Our study demonstrated high frequency of Smad4 alterations with low expression of Smad4 protein identifying a sub-group of aggressive CRC to be an independent marker for poor prognosis. Functional studies using CRC cells show that TGFβ induces Smad4 dependent EMT followed by apoptosis. Induction of mesenchymal transcriptional factors, Snail1 and Zeb1 was essential for TGFβ-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that KLF5 acts as an oncogene in CRC cells regardless of Smad4 expression and inhibition of KLF5 is requisite for TGFβ-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TGFβ/Smad4 signal inhibits the transcription of KLF5 that in turn switches Sox4 from tumor promoter to suppressor. A high incidence of Smad4 alterations were found in the Saudi CRC patients. Functional study results indicate that TGFβ induces Smad4 dependent EMT followed by apoptosis in CRC cells.Citation Format: Pratheeshkumar Poyil, Abdul K. Siraj, Divya Sasidharan Padmaja, Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy, Rong Bu, Tariq Masoodi, Yan Kong, Saravanan Thangavel, Saeeda Omer Ahmed, Nasser Al-Sanea, Luai H. Ashari, Alaa Abduljabbar, Samar Alhomoud, Fouad Al-Dayel, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya. TGFβ induced SMAD4 dependent apoptosis proceeded by EMT in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4286.
Better with bubbles (2004)

We present a method for including the visual effect of bubbles in a computer graphics fluid simulation, thus enhancing the illusion of realism for a splashing fluid. Previous fluid simulation methods have not included bubbles. Bubble creation is integrated into the particle level-set fluid simulation algorithm. Individual bubbles are approximated by spheres, which form more complex shapes where they intersect. The rendering of bubbles and fluid are integrated to create the appearance of one continuous surface. At the fluid-air boundary, we integrate bubbles whenever level-set marker particles pass from from the outside to the inside of the fluid. Thus, these particles represent air that has become trapped within the fluid surface. In addition, we detect empty pockets within the fluid, that are often formed due to turbulence, and create bubbles within this space. This is an inexpensive way of giving the impression that the air trapped in air pockets has become bubbles. Photo-realistic images of simulation results are rendered with a raytracer that has been enhanced to include caustics, and to handle bubble-bubble interfaces. Comparison of these images with images rendered without bubbles supports our position that the simple addition of bubbles to a fluid simulation greatly enhances visual realism.
Faithfulness-Aware Decoding Strategies for Abstractive Summarization (2023)

Despite significant progress in understanding and improving faithfulness in abstractive summarization, the question of how decoding strategies affect faithfulness is less studied. We present a systematic study of the effect of generation techniques such as beam search and nucleus sampling on faithfulness in abstractive summarization. We find a consistent trend where beam search with large beam sizes produces the most faithful summaries while nucleus sampling generates the least faithful ones. We propose two faithfulness-aware generation methods to further improve faithfulness over current generation techniques: (1) ranking candidates generated by beam search using automatic faithfulness metrics and (2) incorporating lookahead heuristics that produce a faithfulness score on the future summary. We show that both generation methods significantly improve faithfulness across two datasets as evaluated by four automatic faithfulness metrics and human evaluation. To reduce computational cost, we demonstrate a simple distillation approach that allows the model to generate faithful summaries with just greedy decoding. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/amazon-science/faithful-summarization-generation
Marriage of Aggregation-Induced Emission and Intramolecular Charge Transfer toward High Performance Film-Based Sensing of Phenolic Compounds in the Air (2019)

Film-based fluorescence sensing is recognized as one of the most optimized techniques for trace analysis of chemicals in the air after the invention of ion mobility spectrometry. The performance of the technique is highly dependent on the design of the film. This paper reports a new fluorescent film which shows unprecedented and discriminative sensing performance to the presence of phenol, <i>o</i>-cresol, <i>m</i>-cresol, and <i>p</i>-cresol in the air with an ultralow detection limit as low as 0.4, 0.3, 10, and 0.8 ppt, respectively. The film was designed via combination of the advantages of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and those of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), where the former provides the opportunity to avoid the widely encountered aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect and the latter allows sensitive sensing of the microenvironment change of the film. The biggest challenge of the design is to find a fluorophore possessing both AIE and ICT effects. Fortunately, a newly synthesized biphenyl derivative of <i>o</i>-carborane capped with azetidine moiety (BZPCarb) shows the properties as expected. Importantly, the fluorophore is photochemically stable, a prerequirement for multiple uses of a film device. In addition, the nonplanar structure of the fluorophore is also favorable for film sensing as it could form porous films owing to screening of dense stacking of the molecules. It is the merits that make BZPCarb-based film show outstanding sensing and discriminative performances. Based on the fluorophore and the design, a conceptual high-performance fluorescent vapor sensor for phenolic compounds was developed.
Inverse spinel NiFeAlO4 as a highly active oxygen evolution electrocatalyst: promotion of activity by a redox-inert metal ion (2014)

Ni:Fe:Al mixed oxides were identified as highly active water oxidation electrocatalysts. A systematic investigation of these materials has led to the characterization of a well-defined NiFeAlO4 inverse spinel catalyst. Electrochemical characterization of NiFeAlO4 shows activity exceeding previously reported catalysts of similar composition and/or structure, including NiO, NiFe (9 : 1), and NiFe2O4.
[Pulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis: CT findings at diagnosis and their changes at follow-up in cases without corticosteroid treatment]. (2002)

To review the pulmonary CT findings in sarcoidosis at diagnosis, and to analyze the change in each finding at follow-up in cases without corticosteroid treatment. The study included 21 cases of pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis. We analyzed the presence or absence and grade of each HRCT finding: bronchial wall thickening, enlargement of vascular shadows, pleural involvement, septal thickening, small nodules, ground-glass opacities, centrilobular opacities, consolidation, nodules, and volume loss. Afterwards, we compared the initial CT with the follow-up CT, and described the change of each finding as "improved" or "not improved". Furthermore, we decided if each case as a whole was improved or not after considering all of the pulmonary CT findings. Twelve of the 21 cases were improved. Small nodules, ground-glass opacities, centrilobular opacities, and nodules had improved in more than 50% of the cases since the initial CT. However, pleural involvement (10/11) and volume loss (6/9) were not improved. Pleural involvement and volume loss correlated the radiological irreversibility (p < 0.05). Of the several pulmonary CT findings in sarcoidosis, pleural involvement and volume loss show the highest rates of irreversible pulmonary changes.
REACTION OF GROUP V IODIDES WITH IODOMETHANE AND TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE IN THE PRESENCE OF MERCURY (1962)

not available
942. The formation and photochemical oxidation of uranium(IV) citrate complexes (1960)

A. Adams and T. D. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 4846 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600004846
Microwave Amplification by MASER Techniques (1957)

A new amplification principle, that of Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (MASER), has already demonstrated its potentialities for low-noise, narrow-band amplification. The present note presents an elementary analysis of MASER operation, including its potentiality for broadband, short-transit-time amplification.
Síndrome de feminización total (1977)

ORIGINALES Sindrome de feminizacion totalEl sindrome dc testiculo feminizante o feminizacion total es una variedad de pseudohermafroditismo masculino con fenotipo femenino.Se trata de individuos portadores de testiculos con genitales extemos de tipo femenino en la mayoria de los casos, con una vagina que termina en forma ciega y generalmente ausencia de utero y anexos.Los testiculos se encuentran localizados ya sea en posici6n intraabdominal, inguinal o en los labios mayores.Tanto la orientation psicologica como el aspecto somatico son femeninos, llamando, eso si, la atencion una talla generalmente elevada con proporciones eunucoides en las que destacan pies y manos grandes.El desarrollo puberal es incompleto, presentan desarrollo mamario, pero con areolas poco pigmentadas y pezones pequenos y, en general , ausencia o muy escaso vello sexual,
Influence of different stimulation frequencies on power output and fatigue during FES-cycling in recently injured SCI people (2003)

This study investigated whether power output during 30 min sessions of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-cycling can be increased by using stimulation frequencies higher than 30 Hz. The stimulation frequencies of FES-cycling training sessions of 19 recently injured para- and tetraplegics were randomly set at 30, 50, or 60 Hz and power output (PO) was measured continually. The mean PO of the 30 min, the PO of the last minute of each session, and the minimum PO were significantly greater at 60 and 50 Hz than at 30 Hz (ANOVA without cross-product). A 19% and 25% higher mean PO was reached at 50 and 60 Hz, respectively, compared to 30 Hz. The PO of the last minute of each session was almost always higher than the mean PO of the whole session and also higher at higher frequencies, which indicates that no muscle fatigue could be detected in 30 min FES-cycling at any of the tested frequencies.
Analysis and Design of an In-Pipe System for Water Leak Detection (2011)

In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious problems and therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. The problem of leakage becomes even more serious when it is concerned with the vital supply of fresh water to the community. In addition to waste of resources, contaminants may infiltrate into the water supply. The possibility of environmental health disasters due to delay in detection of water pipeline leaks has spurred research into the development of methods for pipeline leak and contamination detection. Leaking in water networks has been a very significant problem worldwide, especially in developing countries, where water is sparse. Many different techniques have been developed to detect leaks, either from the inside or from the outside of the pipe; each one of them with their advantages, complexities but also limitations. To overcome those limitations we focus our work on the development of an in-pipe-floating sensor. The present paper discusses the design considerations of a novel autonomous system for in-pipe water leak detection. The system is carefully designed to be minimally invasive to the flow within the pipe and thus not to affect the delicate leak signal. One of its characteristics is the controllable motion inside the pipe. The system is capable of pinpointing leaks in pipes while operating in real network conditions, i.e. pressurized pipes and high water flow rates, which are major challenges.
Abstract 3834: Establishment and characterization of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids as preclinical in vitro models of human colorectal cancer. (2013)

Abstract Objective: Multicellular tumor spheroid is a well-known method for three-dimensional in-vitro culture that better represent in-vivo condition. We exploited this system to culture human established colorectal cell lines to investigate how the presence or absence of hypoxic and/or necrotic area, due to oxygen and nutrient gradients, can influence the gene expression profile and the responsiveness to drugs compared to 2D culture and in vivo xenografted cells. Methods: HT29 cell line was cultured as MCTS by hanging drop method. At size-defined time point spheroids were collected and analyzed for the presence of hypoxic and necrotic areas. The expression of a panel of genes related to tumor progression, metastatic behavior, and drug resistance was evaluated by real time PCR on MCTS at different growth stages in comparison to conventional 2D cultures and xenografts generated upon injection of HT29 cells in immunodeficient mice. Results: Based on the absence or presence of hypoxic and/or necrotic core, we identified three different MCTS growth stages: stage 1 (MCTS diameter size &amp;lt;200μm) defined by the absence of hypoxia/necrosis, stage 2 (300-350μm) characterized by the presence of hypoxic, but not apoptotic or necrotic areas, and stage 3 (&amp;gt;500μm) identified by the presence of both hypoxic and necrotic areas. The expression of a panel of genes, including KRAS, p53, and putative cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, CD24 was found to be upregulated in stage 1 MCTS, as compared to 2D cultures. Most interestingly a further upregulation of these genes was detected in stage 2 and especially in stage 3. Importantly expression levels in stage 3 were the most similar to those detected in xenografts. Conclusion: Our results showed that culture of established CRC cell lines offer the opportunity to investigate in standardized condition different MCTS stages possibly proving an improved model of in-vivo tumor growth. The drug-responsiveness of tumor cells cultured in 2D and 3D at different spheroid maturation stages is currently being assessed. Citation Format: Silvio Daester, Nunzia Amatruda, Diego Calabrese, Paul Zajac, Giulio Cesare Spagnoli, Giandomenica Iezzi, Valentina Mele, Manuele Giuseppe Muraro. Establishment and characterization of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids as preclinical in vitro models of human colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3834. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3834
Exponential asymptotic stability of time-varying inverse prediction error filters (2000)

It is a classical result of linear prediction theory that as long as the minimum prediction error variance is nonzero, the transfer function of the optimum linear prediction error filter for a stationary process is minimum phase, and therefore, its inverse is exponentially stable. Here, extensions of this result to the case of nonstationary processes are investigated. In that context, the filter becomes time-varying, and the concept of "transfer function" ceases to make sense. Nevertheless, we prove that under mild condition on the input process, the inverse system remains exponentially stable. We also consider filters obtained in a deterministic framework and show that if the time-varying coefficients of the predictor are computed by means of the recursive weighted least squares algorithm, then its inverse remains exponentially stable under a similar set of conditions.
Acute Phase Vascular Endothelial Injury (1994)

We compared the degree of acute endothelial injury after temporary vessel occlusion using two different occlusion modalities--external clipping and endovascular balloon occlusion. The common carotid and subclavian arteries in eight weanling pigs were temporarily occluded with either a 5 Fr occlusion balloon catheter or a temporary microvascular clip for 0 (control), 5, 10, and 30 minutes. Two animals (eight vessels; four clip and four balloon occluded) were used at each time interval. Segments of each experimental vessel were harvested and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Each vessel specimen was graded on the following scale: Grade 1 showed no evidence of injury; Grade 2 showed minimal evidence of endothelial cell injury; Grade 3 showed moderate evidence of endothelial cell injury; Grade 4 showed marked evidence of endothelial cell injury; Grade 5 showed severe endothelial and subendothelial injury. Control vessels showed no evidence of injury. Grade 2 injuries were seen in both clip- and balloon-occluded vessels at 5 minutes. At 10 minutes, focal Grade 2 and 3 injuries were appreciated in the clip group, with diffuse Grade 2 and 3 injuries in the balloon group. After the 30-minute occlusion, the balloon group showed Grade 2, 3, and 4 injuries, whereas the clip group showed entirely Grade 2 injuries. The degree of injury with either occlusion modality was equivalent and worsened with time. However, clip-occluded vessels displayed injury that was confined to an area closely adjacent to the clip site, whereas balloon-occluded vessels demonstrated a more widespread injury centered around the balloon site.
Importance of Host Factors in Human Salmonellosis Caused by Multiresistant Strains of Salmonella (1984)

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from persons in randomly selected urban and rural counties in the United States were examined along with clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the host. Multiresistant strains, isolated from 66 (12.2%) of 542 persons evaluated, were associated with five of 20 variables in univariate analyses: serotype heidelberg, host of Hispanic origin, host exposure to penicillins within four weeks before stool culture, age greater than or equal to 60 years, and regular antacid use. By multiple linear regression, the first three variables were each significantly associated with infections due to multiresistant Salmonella. One or more of the last three variables, thought to be host factors that may promote disease, were present for persons yielding 38% of multiresistant strains but only 12% of sensitive strains (P less than .001). The relatively large proportion of multiresistant Salmonella among isolates from persons with these risk factors suggests that to cause disease, resistant organisms are more dependent than are sensitive organisms on host characteristics.
Altered resting-state functional connectivity patterns in late middle-aged and older adults with obstructive sleep apnea (2023)

OSA severity was associated with patterns of lower FC in regions relevant to memory processes and Alzheimer's disease. Since no associations were found with cognitive performance, these FC changes could precede detectable cognitive deficits. Whether these FC patterns predict future cognitive decline over the long-term needs to be investigated.