gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Envigo's Female Salt‐Sensitive Rapp Rats are now Spontaneously Hypertensive and have Higher Frequencies of CD4 + , CD4 + CD25 + and CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + T cells compared to Normotensive Salt‐resistant Rapp Rats (2018)

Introduction We and others have found female Rapp ( Jr ) salt‐sensitive ( SS ) rats recently purchased from Envigo, formerly Harlan ( Hsd ) and maintained on a low sodium diet are spontaneously hypertensive. To further investigate the role of T cells in the new phenotype of spontaneous hypertension ( SH ) observed in the Envigo's Rapp strain ( SHSS/JrHsd ), we compared the T cell profile in SHSS/JrHsd with that of the Rapp normotensive salt‐resistant rats ( NSR/JrHsd ). Methods Mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) was measured by radio‐telemetry in juvenile ( j ) 1 month old ( mo ) SHSS/JrHsd, and in young ( y ) adult 4 mo SHSS/JrHsd and NSR/JrHsd rats. Helper (CD4 + ) and cytotoxic (CD8 + ) T cells were assessed in the kidney by multicolor flow cytometry in 1 and 4 mo SHSS/JrHsd and NSR/JrHsd rats. Results Radio telemetry confirmed that 1 mo jSHSS/JrHsd rats had normal MAP [(mmHg): 100±1; n=13]. Blood pressure rapidly increased with age and was significantly higher in 4 mo ySHSS/JrHsd rats compared to age matched normotensive yNSR/JrHsd [(mmHg): yNSR/JrHsd, 103±2 vs. ySHSS/JrHsd, 160±11; p&lt;0.007; n=3/group]. The frequencies of CD4 + (1.3 fold; p&lt;0.0001), CD4 + CD25 + (1.5 fold; p=0.002) T cells and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio [(CD4 + /CD8 + ): jNSR/JrHsd, 1.1±0.07 vs. jSHSS/JrHsd, 2.1±0.1; p&lt;0.0001; n=8/group] were significantly higher in jSHSS/JrHsd compared to jNSR/JrHsd. The frequencies of CD4 + (1.4 fold; p&lt;0.0001), CD4 + CD25 + (2.1 fold; p&lt;0.0001) T cells and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio [(CD4 + /CD8 + ): yNSR/JrHsd, 1.6±0.07 vs. ySHSS/JrHsd, 5.6±0.6; p&lt;0.0001; n=7–8/group] were even higher in ySHSS/JrHsd compared to yNSR/JrHsd. Moreover, the ySHSS/JrHsd rats had a higher frequency of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + T cells compared to the yNSR/JrHsd at 4 mo (2 fold; p=0.0009). Conclusions Female Rapp SS rats from Envigo (formerly Harlan; Hsd) are normotensive as juveniles but get spontaneous hypertension by the time they are 4 mo; they should more appropriately be referred to as SHSS/JrHsd Rapp rats. Our T cell findings support previous studies indicating CD4 + T cells and subtypes contribute to hypertension. Support or Funding Information TL1‐TR001431 (AVP), UL1‐TR001409 (KS) and R01‐HL119380 (KS, HJ) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Extremely simple constant-gm technique for low voltage rail-to-rail amplifier input stage (2011)

In this paper we present a novel, extremely simple constant transconductance (gm) technique for a rail-to-rail CMOS amplifier input stage. While the level shifting technique is one of the most popular conventional methods to achieve constant-gm ([1], [6]), in [1], two PMOS source followers, totalling 4 PMOS transistors, are used for level shifting. But in this paper, only one diode connected NMOS transistor is used and similar results to the conventional level shifting method have been achieved. Rail-to-rail input stage with 1.6V supply voltage is proposed and simulated by Cadence SPECTRE with TSMC 0.25-μm CMOS technology.
Genetics of transitional cell carcinoma (1992)

Several models of genetic events which define the origin and progression of human tumors have been elucidated over the last several years. These models suggest that the study of tumors at the level of both the chromosome and the gene can be useful in elucidating molecular events in tumor progression and in determining the biologic behavior of individual tumors. The genetics of transitional cell carcinomas are reviewed with emphasis on potential mechanisms of tumorigenicity and the clinical utility of genetic markers.
Heterogeneity of Human Natural Killer Cells (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1986Heterogeneity of Human Natural Killer Cells D. Zagury, D.A. Morgan, M. Fouchard, J. Bernard, M. Feldman, and R.B. Herberman D. ZaguryD. Zagury More articles by this author , D.A. MorganD.A. Morgan More articles by this author , M. FouchardM. Fouchard More articles by this author , J. BernardJ. Bernard More articles by this author , M. FeldmanM. Feldman More articles by this author , and R.B. HerbermanR.B. Herberman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)45573-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Heterogeneity of Human Natural Killer Cells." The Journal of Urology, 135(1), pp. 200–201 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 135Issue 1January 1986Page: 200-201 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information D. Zagury More articles by this author D.A. Morgan More articles by this author M. Fouchard More articles by this author J. Bernard More articles by this author M. Feldman More articles by this author R.B. Herberman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Learning encoding and decoding filters for data representation with a spiking neuron (2008)

Data representation methods related to ICA and sparse coding have successfully been used to model neural representation. However, they are highly abstract methods, and the neural encoding does not correspond to a detailed neuron model. This limits their power to provide deeper insight into the sensory systems on a cellular level. We propose here data representation where the encoding happens with a spiking neuron. The data representation problem is formulated as an optimization problem: Encode the input so that it can be decoded from the spike train, and optionally, so that energy consumption is minimized. The optimization leads to a learning rule for the encoder and decoder which features synergistic interaction: The decoder provides feedback affecting the plasticity of the encoder while the encoder provides optimal learning data for the decoder.
The expression of a functional cDNA encoding the chicken cytochrome P-450arom (aromatase) that catalyzes the formation of estrogen from androgen. (1988)

A complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of the aromatase P-450 has been isolated from a chicken ovary library using as probe a partial cDNA believed to encode the human placental aromatase. The predicted amino acid sequence of the chicken aromatase cDNA possesses regions of homology to that of its human counterpart, but only limited homology to other cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The introduction of the cDNA clone into COS-1 cells results in the production of high levels of aromatase activity. The chicken enzyme is targeted to the appropriate subcellular fraction in the transfected COS cells, and the apparent Km of the chicken aromatase activity, measured in microsomes prepared from the transfected cells, is similar to that of the enzyme prepared from chicken ovary microsomes. These findings establish that the cDNA clone encodes chicken ovarian aromatase and demonstrate that this protein can catalyze the three successive oxidation reactions necessary to form estrogen from androgen.
Optimization of a Hybrid Two-Fingered Micro Hand Using Genetic Algorithms (2008)

The optimization and design process of a two-fingered micro hand that uses a hybrid motion mechanism is presented. The hybrid hand consists of two 3-PRS parallel modules - upper and lower - connected serially back to back in a mirror image style. It is driven by piezo-electric actuators and has two long glass petites as end effectors. The most important part in the development process is the optimization of the design parameters. It is carried out using discretization method and genetics and evolutionary algorithms (GEAs) for the theoretical model. The GEAs has superior behaviour than discretization method but the genetically optimized design parameters are difficult to be practically implemented with high accuracy. Then a complementary optimization for the web thickness of the pin flexure hinge is done to build the final CAD model. The practical implementation for the micro hand prototype and its practical calibration algorithm is presented. As a target application, use of developed micro hand in the setup of micro-injection experiment is briefly described.
Neuartige Kondensationsreaktionen mit Isoxazolen Eine Erweiterung der RITTER‐Reaktion (1963)

Abstract Es werden Methoden zur Bestimmung von 5‐Methylisoxazol neben 3‐Methylisoxazol angegeben.
Design and Synthesis of Imidazopyridine Analogues as Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling and Angiogenesis (2011)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is an important regulator of intracellular signaling pathways, controlling remarkably diverse arrays of physiological processes. Because the PI3K pathway is frequently up-regulated in human cancers, the inhibition of PI3Kα can be a promising approach to cancer therapy. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a new series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as PI3Kα inhibitors through the fragment-growing strategy. By varying groups at the 3- and 6-positions of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, we studied the structure-activity relationships (SAR) profiles and identified a series of potent PI3Kα inhibitors. Representative derivatives showed good activity in cellular proliferation and apoptosis assays. Moreover, these inhibitors exhibited noteworthy antiangiogenic activity.
Trap identification and impurity-induced localization of muons in Nb (1983)

We present new muon-spin-rotation ($\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$) results on extremely purified and very well characterized niobium samples with defined minute amounts of Ta or N. This allows us to separate the influence of substitutional and interstitial impurities on the $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ spectra. The purest sample shows a low but nonzero $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ linewidth from 0.1 to 70 K, while Ta doping gives rise to a high linewidth below 20 K. Pure N doping creates the broad maximum between 30 and 70 K, but also a considerable linewidth below 20 K. The results are interpreted in terms of a model where initial localization is partly catalyzed by impurities and where some muons do not form small-polaron states.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of HSP90 Inhibitors Based on Conformational Analysis of Radicicol and Its Analogues (2005)

The molecular chaperone HSP90 is an attractive target for chemotherapy because its activity is required for the functional maturation of a number of oncogenes. Among the known inhibitors, radicicol, a 14-member macrolide, stands out as the most potent. A molecular dynamics/minimization of radicicol showed that there were three low energy conformers of the macrocycle. The lowest of these is the bioactive conformation observed in the cocrystal structure of radicicol with HSP90. Corresponding conformational analyses of several known analogues gave a good correlation between the bioactivity and the energy of the bioactive conformer, relative to other conformers. Based on this observation, a number of proposed analogues were analyzed for their propensity to adopt the bioactive conformation prior to synthesis. This led to the identification of pochonin D, a recently isolated secondary metabolite of Pochonia chlamydosporia, as a potential inhibitor of HSP90. Pochonin D was synthesized using polymer-bound reagents and shown to be nearly as potent an HSP90 inhibitor as radicicol.
Localization of a constitutively active, phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rabbit aortic adventitia: Enhancement by angiotensin II (1997)

Superoxide anion (O2-) plays a key role in the endogenous suppression of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and has been implicated in the development of hypertension. In previous studies, we found that O2- is produced predominantly in the adventitia of isolated rabbit aorta and acts as a barrier to NO. In the present studies, we characterize the enzyme responsible for O2- production in the adventitia and show that this enzyme is a constitutively active NADPH oxidase with similar composition as the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Constitutive O2--generating activity was localized to aortic adventitial fibroblasts and was enhanced by the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Immunohistochemistry of aortic sections demonstrated the presence of p22(phox), gp91(phox), p47(phox), and p67(phox) localized exclusively in rabbit aortic adventitia, coincident with the site of staining for O2- production. Furthermore, immunodepletion of p67(phox) from adventitial fibroblast particulates resulted in the loss of NADPH oxidase activity, which could be restored by the addition of recombinant p67(phox). Further study into the regulation of this adventitial source of O2- is important in elucidating the mechanisms regulating the bioactivity of NO and may contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Genetic algorithms with applications in wireless communications (2004)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are known to locate the global optimal solution provided sufficient population and/or generation is used. Practically, a near-optimal satisfactory result can be found by Gas with a limited number of generations. In wireless communications, the exhaustive searching approach is widely applied to many techniques, such as maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) and distance spectrum (DS) techniques. The complexity of the exhaustive searching approach in the MLD or the DS technique is exponential in the number of transmit antennas and the size of the signal constellation for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. If a large number of antennas and a large size of signal constellations, e.g. PSK and QAM, are employed in the MIMO systems, the exhaustive searching approach becomes impractical and time consuming. In this paper, the GAs are applied to the MLD and DS techniques to provide a near-optimal performance with a reduced computational complexity for the MIMO systems. Two different GA-based efficient searching approaches are proposed for the MLD and DS techniques, respectively. The first proposed approach is based on a GA with sharing function method, which is employed to locate the multiple solutions of the distance spectrum for the Space-time Trellis Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (STTC-OFDM) systems. The second approach is the GA-based MLD that attempts to find the closest point to the transmitted signal. The proposed approach can return a satisfactory result with a good initial signal vector provided to the GA. Through simulation results, it is shown that the proposed GA-based efficient searching approaches can achieve near-optimal performance, but with a lower searching complexity comparing with the original MLD and DS techniques for the MIMO systems.
Redifferentiation of bacteria isolated from Lotus japonicus root nodules colonized by Rhizobium sp. NGR234 (2001)

In most studies concerning legume root nodules, the question to what extent the nodule-borne bacteroids survive nodule senescence has not been properly addressed. At present, there is no "model system" to study these aspects in detail. Such a system with Lotus japonicus and the broad host range Rhizobium sp. NGR234 has been developed. L. japonicus L. cv. Gifu was inoculated with Rhizobium sp. NGR234 and grown over a 12 week time period. The first nodules could be harvested after 3 weeks. Nodulation reached a plateau after 11 weeks with a mean of 64 nodules having a biomass of nearly 100 mg FW per plant. Nodules were harvested and homogenized at different stages of plant development. Microscopic inspection of the extracts revealed that, typically, nodules contained c. 15x10(9) bacteroids g(-1) FW, and that about 60% of the bacteroids were viable as judged by vital staining. When aliquots of the extracts were plated on selective media, a substantial number of "colony-forming units" was observed in all cases, indicating that a considerable fraction of the bacteroids had the potential to redifferentiate into growing bacteria. In nodules from the early developmental stages, the fraction of total bacteroids yielding CFUs amounted to about 20%, or one-third of the bacteroids judged to be viable after extraction, and it increased slightly when the plants started to flower. In order to see how nodule senescence affected the survival and redifferentiation potential of bacteroids, some plants were placed in the dark for 1 week. This led to typical symptoms of senescence in the nodules such as an almost complete loss of nitrogenase activity and a considerable decrease in soluble proteins. However, surprisingly, the number of total and viable bacteroids g(-1) nodule FW remained virtually constant, and the fraction of total bacteroids yielding CFUs did not decrease but significantly increased up to 75% of the bacteroids judged to be viable after extraction. This result indicates that during nodule senescence bacteroids might be induced to redifferentiate into the state of free-living, growing bacteria.
Modeling of products sale velocity and products recommended structure on the basis of a data reduction method (2002)

This article presents an algorithm for the selection of the most informative product parameters, so that the product sale velocity can be predicted. The method is based on statistical information about sales with the help of data mining procedures. The constructed decision tree allows one to refer an analyzable product according to its attribute values to a cluster of sale velocities. A decision tree structure gives developments of new product information about what attributes of products influence sales most essentially. It provides direct search to the designers.
Formation of a Quaternary Complex of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with a Nucleotide-competing Inhibitor and Its (2013)

Nucleotide-competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors were shown to bind reversibly to the nucleotide-binding site of the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we show that the presence of ATP can enhance the inhibitory effects of the prototype compound INDOPY-1. We employed a combination of cell-free and cell- based assays to shed light on the underlying molecular mecha- nism. Binding studies and site-specific footprinting experi- ments demonstrate the existence of a stable quaternary complex with HIV-1 RT, its nucleic acid substrate, INDOPY-1, and ATP. The complex is frozen in the post-translocational state that usu- ally accommodates the incoming nucleotide substrate. Struc- ture-activity relationship studies show that both the base and the phosphate moieties of ATP are elements that play important roles in enhancing the inhibitory effects of INDOPY-1. In vitro susceptibility measurements with mutant viruses containing amino acid substitutions K70G, V75T, L228R, and K219R in the putative ATP binding pocket revealed unexpectedly a hypersus- ceptible phenotype with respect to INDOPY-1. The same muta- tional cluster was previously shown to reduce susceptibility to the pyrophosphate analog phosphonoformic acid. However, in the absence of INDOPY-1, ATP can bind and act as a pyrophos- phate donor under conditions that favor formation of the pre- translocated RT complex. We therefore conclude that the mutant enzyme facilitates simultaneous binding of INDOPY-1
Measurement of x-ray free-electron-laser pulse energies by photoluminescence in nitrogen gas (2008)

We discuss the physics of a photoluminescence-based pulse-energy detector that will be used to characterize hard x-ray free-electron-laser pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We tested the detector in a quasi-steady-state mode of operation at the conventional synchrotron light source Stanford positron electron assymetric ring 3 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. We also developed a Monte-Carlo model for the x-ray interaction with the nitrogen gas and the resulting ultraviolet signal and found good agreement with the experimental data. Remaining discrepancies can, to a large extent, be attributed to the varying luminescence behavior of different chamber wall materials.
Altering peritoneal membrane function: removing the GAG? (2009)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a highly effective and convenient mode of renal replacement therapy. The success of PD depends on maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneal membrane. The outer (serosal) part of the peritoneal membrane consists of a monolayer of mesothelial cells, which provide a low-friction surface, allowing internal organs to move relative to one another. The membrane acts as a selective permeability barrier, regulating the passage of water and solutes between the intravascular compartment and the peritoneal cavity. Duration of PD is often limited by peritoneal membrane failure, associated with increased solute transport, ultrafiltration dysfunction and with characteristic degenerative changes in the peritoneal membrane, including mesothelial cell loss, accumulation of sub-mesothelial extracellular matrix and vasculopathy
High-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/-based thin-film solar cells: 16.8% total-area 1-sun and 17.2% total-area 22-sun device performance (2002)

We report here on a confirmed world-record MgF/sub 2//ZnO/Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2//Mo/soda-lime solar cell with a total-area (active-area) efficiency of 16.8% (17.5%) under air mass (AM)1.5 test conditions. Improvements relative to previous record devices are in the short-circuit current (J/sub SC/). We additionally report on a 15.3% efficient, 4.85-cm/sup 2/ cell that confirms good area uniformity. This structure was also utilized in a device fabricated for operation under concentration. The 1-sun, direct spectrum measurement yielded a 15.1% efficient cell. Under 5- and 22-sun concentration, the cell improved to 16.5% and 17.2%, respectively. This achievement is significant in that it proves a compatibility of polycrystalline thin-film and concentrator technologies. Further optimization could yield 1-sun performance in excess of 17% and concentrator performance in excess of 20%. A path to this goal is outlined.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Mechanisms of Polyketide Synthases (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Formation of a metastable ferromagnetic tau phase during containerless melt processing in Mn-Al-C alloys (1993)

This paper reports the production of a metastable ferromagnetic tau phase directly from the melt in Mn(0.55)Al(0.433)C(0.017), using a containerless processing method involving levitation melting followed by quenching. Using the results from differential thermal analysis measurements and an analysis of the phase equilibria, it was found that the minimum amount of undercooling level required for ferromagnetic metastable tau phase formation in this alloy was Delta T = 87 K. The attainment of this undercooling may be facilitated by the application of containerless melt processing.