gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary potency of a novel delta opioid receptor agonist is due in part to increased efficacy (1997)

A new cyclic opioid peptide of sequence Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-Cys-Phe (HBP2) was examined in the mouse isolated vas deferens (MVD) bioassay. Studies with receptor-selective opioid antagonists showed the peptide to be highly selective for delta opioid receptors. HBP2 and the standard delta agonist DPDPE were simultaneously compared using the technique of partial irreversible receptor blockade; data were analyzed using the operational model of pharmacologic agonism. HBP2 was approximately 160 times as potent as DPDPE; estimation of the affinity and efficacy of the two peptides revealed that the potency increase was due to a 5.3-fold increase in efficacy, as well as a 37-fold increase affinity. This contrasts with our previous findings with other cyclic enkephalin analogs, in which increased affinity was achieved without a change in apparent efficacy. Analysis of concentration-response curve shape suggested in addition the possibility of heterogeneity in transduction mechanisms for MVD delta receptors.
Probing the acoustic losses of graphene with a low-loss quartz bulk-acoustic-wave resonator at cryogenic temperatures (2020)

We observe mechanical effects of an exfoliated graphene monolayer deposited on a quartz crystal substrate designed to operate as an extremely low-loss bulk-acoustic-wave cavity at liquid-helium temperature.This is achieved by sensing overtones of the three thickness eigen-modes of the so-called SC-cut, since all three modes, two shear mode and one extensional mode, can be electrically probed with such a crystal cut. From quality-factor measurements, the mechanical losses of the adhesive graphene monolayer are assessed to be about 8 x 10-4 at 4 K in the best case. They are therefore significantly greater than those already reported for suspended membranes but also for adherent layers on SiO2/Si substrates operating in torsional modes. In fact, results reveal that surface scattering occurs due to a roughness degradation of a factor 7. In addition, the mechanical losses presented here are also placed in the context of a device submitted to thermomechanical stresses, but which are not the only ones existing. Some of them could be intrinsic ones related to the deposition process of the graphene layer. Based on a force-frequency theory applied to the three thickness modes which react differently to stresses, it is demonstrated that this stress effect actually entangled with that of mass loading reconciles the experimental results.
Determination of glutamate requirement in growing rats by indicator amino acid oxidation (2012)

Although many studies have investigated requirements for essential amino acids both in animals and human, few have done for non‐essential amino acids (NEAAs). This study aimed to determine requirement for glutamate (Glu), the most abundant NEAA in food proteins, in growing rats by the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Wistar strain male rats (6wks old) were given fixed amount of diets containing varied doses of amino acid (AA) mixture with NRC 1995 composition (56–214 g/kg) hourly. Dietary labeling with an indicator AA ([1‐ 13 C]leucine) started at 3h of feeding period and 13 C‐enrichments of breath CO 2 were monitored. Relation between dietary AA contents and IAAO (= average 13 C‐enrichments from 4 to 7h) was analyzed to determine a breakpoint as its requirement. Similarly, relation between dietary Glu content and IAAO was analyzed in rats fed diets containing graded doses of Glu (0–100 g/kg). In both experiments, increase of AA or Glu contents at lower doses reduced IAAO, but did not further at higher doses. Apparent breakpoints were determined in their biphasic relations, indicating 173 and 45 g/kg diet of requirements for AA and Glu, respectively. Glu requirement estimated in this study was almost identical with the value determined by nitrogen‐balance study. These results indicated the existence of Glu requirement and suggested importance of dietary Glu as one of components of protein nutrition.
Effects of pH and Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants on the Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals to a Natural Aquifer Material (2005)

A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and their presence is a topic of growing concern, both for human and ecological health. Adsorption to aquifer materials and sediments is an important factor influencing the fate and transport of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment. Surfactants and other amphiphiles are known to influence the adsorption of many compounds and may be present in the environment from wastewaters or other sources. The work described here examines the adsorption of four pharmaceutical compounds, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, nalidixic acid, and norfloxacin, in the presence of a natural aquifer material. Adsorption was studied as a function of pH and in the presence and absence of two surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a cationic surfactant, and Tergitol NP9, an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant. In the absence of surfactants, results indicate a 1-2 orders of magnitude variation in adsorption affinity with changing pH for each of the two quinolone pharmaceuticals (nalidixic acid and norfloxacin) but no measurable adsorption for carbamazepine or acetaminophen. In the presence of surfactants, adsorption of acetaminophen and carbamazepine was enhanced to extents consistent with compound hydrophobicity, while adsorption of nalidixic acid and norfloxacin was not. At high pH values, the anionic species of nalidixic acid exhibited enhanced adsorption in the presence of the cationic surfactant, CPC.
Vitamin E Inhibits Low-Density Lipoprotein–Induced Adhesion of Monocytes to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells In Vitro (1997)

Monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) is one of the early events in the development of atherogenesis. ECs were used to investigate the role of vitamin E in human monocyte adhesion to ECs in vitro. ECs incubated with 40 to 193 mg/dL of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) for 22 hours exhibited increasing dose-dependent adherence for untreated, isolated human monocytes (P < .05). ECs exposed to the highest dose of LDL (193 mg/dL) but pretreated with 19 mumol/L alpha-tocopherol for 24 hours showed a trend to lower adherence for monocytes compared with non-treated ECs (4.4 +/- 1.2% versus 7.6 +/- 1.9%; P = .09). This effect of vitamin E became more significant (P < .05) when ECs were exposed to a lower level of LDL (40 mg/dL) or were pretreated with a higher level of alpha-tocopherol (42 mumol/L) and then exposed to 80 mg/dL LDL. Presupplementation of ECs with 15, 19, and 37 mumol/L alpha-tocopherol significantly (P < .05) reduced monocyte adhesion by 6 +/- 1%, 37 +/- 6%, and 69 +/- 17%, respectively. Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), one of the adhesion molecules for monocytes, increased after incubation of ECs with LDL 80 mg/dL (4.7 +/- 0.7 versus 6.4 +/- 1.2 ng/mL, respectively; P < .05). Treatment of ECs with alpha-tocopherol (42 mumol/L) significantly reduced induction of sICAM-1 by LDL to 2.2 +/- 2.3 ng/mL. After exposure to LDL, prostaglandin I2 production by ECs was diminished, whereas presupplementation of ECs with alpha-tocopherol partially reversed the LDL effect. Production of interleukin-1 beta was not detectable when ECs were treated with alpha-tocopherol, LDL, or alpha-tocopherol followed by LDL. Our findings indicate that vitamin E has an inhibitory effect on LDL-induced production of adhesion molecules and adhesion of monocytes to ECs via its antioxidant function and/or its direct regulatory effect on sICAM-1 expression.
Physical Processes in Hollow Cathodes (1977)

Hollow cathodes with cavity diameters of 1.9 cm have been operated in an MPD arc configuration at discharge currents from 0.25 kA to 30 kA. Current and potential distributions, measured with probes in the cathode cavity, show that a spontaneous mode of hollow cathode operation, wherein the current distribution penetrates upstream into the cavity, has been achieved for particular combinations of discharge current and mass flows. These measured distributions are consistent with a conduction model which suggests that maximum current penetration, and the more efficient cathode emission which accompanies it, occurs when the dominant mean free path for electron energy exchange is comparable to the cavity diameter.
Androgens and Androgen Responsiveness in the Feminizing Testis Syndrome. Comparison of Complete and “Incomplete” Forms1 (1971)

The metabolic response to androgens was studied in a patient with the complete syndrome of testicular feminization in whom the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by skin homogenates was below normal. The subject not only failed to manifest an anabolic response to chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone propionate, but also failed to respond to dihydrotestosterone and dihydrotestosterone acetate. Steroid dosages were those sufficient to induce maximal anabolism in normal men or women. The anticipated anabolic effect of estradiol benzoate was readily demonstrated. It is accordingly proposed that the resistance to androgen resulted from an abnormality of specific androgen retention by target cell nuclei or in the subsequent chain of intracellular events initiated by androgen. It is suggested that the remarkable degree of breast development in the complete syndrome is the result of the unopposed action of estrogen of testicular origin, acting upon mammary primordia not subjected to antenatal inhibition by androgen. The diagnosis of “incomplete testicular feminization” was presumed in a pubertal male pseudohermaphrodite on the basis of absent miillerian derivatives, early breast development, and evidence compatible with androgen insensitivity. Two experimental observations supported the concept of end organ resistance to the effects of androgen. The degree of development of secondary sex characteristics was seemingly poor considering the nearly adult male level of plasma testosterone. Delayed, if any, anabolic response resulted from chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in spite of a rise in plasma testosterone from 233 to 770 ng/100 ml. That no more than partial androgen resistance existed was indicated by the observation that an anabolic response was induced by both dihydrotestosterone acetate and testosterone propionate at plasma levels of unconjugated steroid over 1000–2000 ng/100 ml. Intracellular formation of dihydrotestosterone from testosterone was normal. No abnormality in the plasma concentration of androgenic intermediary metabolites was demonstrated in either patient. The comparative studies suggest that complete and incomplete forms of the feminizing testes syndrome exist which may differ in the degree or nature of androgen resistance.
THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF MICROORGANISMS: V. EXTRACELLULAR PEPTIDASES PRODUCED BY FUNGI GROWN IN SUBMERGED CULTURE (1953)

The culture media from selected fungi grown in submerged culture have been shown to contain enzymes capable of hydrolyzing some synthetic dipeptides and their derivatives. Readily measurable amounts of aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, and dipeptidase activity were found, and differences between the systems elaborated by different organisms were observed. The most rapid hydrolysis of N-cbzo-α-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid (I) and of N-cbzo-α-L-glutamyl-DL-alanine (II) by Gliocladium roseum PRL 86 occurred at pH 4.8 to 4.9. I was hydrolyzed most rapidly by Alternariatenuis PRL 369 at pH 4.7. The activation energies for the hydrolysis of I by PRL 369 and of II by PRL 86 were found to be 11,000 and 15,000 calories per mole, respectively. The activation energy for the hydrolysis of I by PRL 86 was estimated as being between 10,000 and 13,000 calories per mole.
Effects of Oligodeoxynucleotides on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Cellular Uptake of Liposomes (1997)

We studied the effects of a phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), which is antisense to the site in the neighborhood of the AUG initiation codon of the mouse tumor necrosis factor alpha gene (TNF-alpha), on the physicochemical characteristics and the cellular association of three types of liposomes with different surface charges. The physicochemical characteristics of the liposomes changed after adding ODN. When the ODN/lipid molar ratio was approximately 0.15 in cationic (TMAG) liposomes [consisting of N-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)didodecyl-D-glutamate chloride (TMAG), dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and dioleolylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) in a 1:2:2 ratio], but not in neutral and negatively charged liposomes, then the liposomes aggregated and fused. At higher molar ratios, these changes in TMA liposomes were not evident. In addition, ODN inverted the zeta-potential of TMAG liposomes from positive to negative at an ODN/lipid molar ratio of approximately 0.15. Therefore, the aggregation and fusion induced by ODN could be explained by a lower surface charge repulsion between TMAG liposomes. On the other hand, the association of ODN with RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage-like cell line, was very slight. The cellular association of ODN was significantly enhanced compared with neutral and negatively charged liposomes by encapsulation in TMAG liposomes. The ODN added to liposome suspensions did not affect the rate and extent of TMAG liposome cellular association, even at an ODN/lipid molar ratio of approximately 0.15. These results indicate that the lipid composition and ODN/lipid molar ratio are critical for the physicochemical characteristics of cationic liposomes. However, the changes had less influence on the cellular uptake properties of cationic liposomes.
Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus Abscess Drainage EPSiAD. (2017)

Introduction: Pilonidal Sinus abscess drainage with Storz Fistuloscope has been a boon to early healing, minimal morbidity and time off from work. Patients can resume work early. The procedure can be done under local anesthesia.
Methods: Requirements: Storz Fistuloscope, laparoscopic camera, light source & cable, glycine 3 liter with manitol 100 ml 20%w/v, mono-polar underwater cautery. Position: left lateral or prone. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia or spinal. Procedure: incision as lateral as possible or through draining site in case of ruptured pilonidal abscess. Clean, wash, curettage, cauterize walls. Inject methylene blue to look for secondary sinus tracks. Keep fenestrated tube drain for post op wash for first 2 days.
Results: Post op results: Drainage stops in 48 hours. Cavity shrinks in 5-7 days. No need for a dressing after 10 days.
Conclusion: Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus abscess drainage is a simplified technique of draining effectively the abscess. Patient has minimal pain, early recovery and return to work. The wound size is 5mm diameter, and heals from base upwards. Recurrence seen in one patient, repeat endoscopic drainage procedure was acceptable to the patient. As the procedure allows a thorough visualization of the abscess cavity, the surgeon can manage the problem more efficiently.
Analysis of DSP-Based Longitudinal Feedback System: Trials at SPEAR and ALS (1994)

Recently a single-channel prototype of the proposed PEP-II longitudinal feedback system was successfully demonstrated at SPEAR and ALS on single-bunch beams. The phase oscillations are detected via a wide-band pick up. The feedback signal is then computed using a digital signal processor (DSP) and applied to the beam by phase modulating the rf. We analyze results in the frequency- and the time-domain and show how the closed-loop transfer functions can be obtained rigorously by proper modeling of the various components of this hybrid continuous/digital system. The technique of downsampling was used in the experiments to reduce the number of computations and allowed the use of the same digital hardware on both machines.
MMSE based fully distributed power control algorithm (2003)

In this paper, a fully distributed power control algorithm (PCA) based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receiver is introduced. We study the performance of a synchronous MMSE based DS-CDMA system in which the proposed PCA is implemented. The receiver filter coefficients are obtained using the Wiener solution or an adaptive algorithm. We also study the convergence of the SINR and the total transmitted power and we compare, in terms of the capacity, the performance of a system in which the proposed power control has been implemented with a system without power control.
A new approach to non-invasive quantitative study of hepatic haemodynamics using radiocolloids in vivo (1985)

A non-invasive radioisotopic method for the study of liver haemodynamics is described. Data collected by means of a computerised gamma camera for about 4 min after intravenous administration of 99Tcm human serum albumin colloids were analysed using a new mathematical model formulated on a physiopathological basis. Several quantities of possible clinical interest were determined, namely parameters related to liver blood flows, intrahepatic shunts, the intrahepatic space of distribution of the tracer, transit times and extraction efficiency. Results are not affected, within certain limits, by the shape of the radioactive bolus and, with the exception of extraction efficiency, they appear to be independent of the size of the radiocolloidal particle. The dose employed (3-4 mCi) is comparable with that used in liver scintigraphy. Results in 19 subjects with normal liver function, 45 patients with liver cirrhosis and 7 patients with focal liver lesions were in good agreement, from a quantitative viewpoint, with known physiopathological data, thus validating this method in comparison with other more traumatic and/or less practical techniques, which provide less complete information on liver haemodynamics. The method proposed appears to be sufficiently accurate, reproducible, safe and practical, and may thus be considered suitable for routine use in the assessment of functional aspects of liver perfusion for clinical purposes.
Trinocular Depth Acquisition (2007)

This contribution presents a new concept for depth acquisition in post-production and visual effects (vfx) creation. The main idea is to mount two satellite cameras to the left and the right of an electronic D-cinema camera such that the whole rig forms a trinocular camera setup. Based on this system, depth is estimated by robust stereo matching and the trifocal constraint is exploited to determine the accuracy of the depth values. The information is calculated almost in realtime and can be directly previewed at the set. This paper explains the concept in more detail and describes the basic image processing algorithms. Finally, the theoretically achievable depth accuracy is discussed and results of the first experiments based on computer simulations are presented.
Properties of neutrinos in a class of gauge theories (1978)

We discuss the properties of neutrinos in a class of gauge theories characterized by manifest left-right symmetry and spontaneous genesis of parity nonconservation. Topics discussed in detail include: currents with anomalous Lorentz structure (herein called class III currents), electromagnetic properties of neutrinos, and rare processes involving neutrinos which are forbidden in the two-component theory. Calculations of the relevant coupling parameters and reaction rates are presented and compared to the best limits available from terrestrial experiments and astrophysical considerations. Some cosmological implications are also discussed, and it is suggested that all long-lived low-mass neutrinos have been discovered.
Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Pharmacokinetics during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Lung Transplant Recipient (2019)

Ceftolozane-tazobactam pharmacokinetics during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not been previously studied. In this work we report on the ceftolozane and tazobactam plasmatic levels in a lung transplant recipient during ECMO, treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (2g/1g, intravenously every 8 h, 1 h infusion) for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. Ceftolozane Cmax and Cmin, monitored during 96 hrs, remained above 60 and 20 {micro}g/mL, respectively, with optimal drug exposure (100% % TMIC). Tazobactam levels were above 1.9 {micro}g/mL
Utilization of Recycled Crumb Rubber as a Compounding Tool (1998)

Abstract The disposal of used automobile tires has become a major environmental problem, and although there are obvious environmental reasons for recycling waste tires, to date it has not taken place because it is not cost-effective. The aim of this study was to find a more effective method of recycling used automobile tires. This was done by comparing the methods of using vulcanized crumb rubber as a filler, and investigation of the effect of surface treatment with microscopic examination of the fracture morphology of the filled crumb rubber elastomers. The experimental results indicate that crumb rubber filler end-product properties were enhanced by the chlorination of crumb rubber, and by developing a crumb rubber incorporation method. We found that much improvement of the mechanical performance of the crumb rubber filled elastomer compounds could be achieved by developing a better crumb rubber incorporation technique.
Scaling of temperature sensors for smart power MOSFETs (2008)

Smart power MOSFETs used in automotive power applications are exposed to very high power dissipation when operated in short circuit or overload conditions. Therefore for optimum protection circuit design and reliability the knowledge of the maximum temperature on the power MOSFET and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor are required. In this work the performance of temperature sensors with different dimensions embedded in the power MOSFET is investigated experimentally and by simulation.
Contributions to the study of optimal biphasic pulse shapes for functional electric stimulation: An analytical approach using the excitation functional (2007)

An analytical approach to threshold problems in functional electric stimulation and pacing is proposed, framed in the concept of excitation functional. This functional can be applied to nerve, muscle and myocardium stimulation by external electrodes. An optimal shape for a biphasic pulse is found, using the criteria of minimum energy dissipated in biological tissues and total charge compensation between the excitatory cathodic and the compensatory anodic phases. The method can be further developed and applied to other threshold problems in functional electric stimulation and pacing.