gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vesicular Hydride Generation–In Situ Preconcentration–Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Sub-parts-per-billion Levels of Cadmium (1997)

Studies to increase the sensitivity of cadmium determination by atomic absorption spectrometry using continuous hydride generation from a vesicular medium within situ preconcentration in a graphite tube are described. Parameters influencing the efficiency of the continuous generation and transport of cadmium hydride are studied in detail using a Pd-coated graphite platform for in situ preconcentration. Continuous stirring of the sample solutions enhanced, approximately ten-fold, the determination of cadmium. The detection limit (LOD) observed for Cd was 5 ng l–1 when preconcentrating 1.4 ml of sample. Improved LOD can be achieved by preconcentrating larger volumes of sample solution, limited only by a maximum deposition of 0.2 ng Cd on to the platform. The observed relative standard deviation for ten replicate analyses of 0.14 ng of total Cd (1.4 ml of a 100 ng l–1 solution) was excellent (±1.1%). The use of W- and Zr-coated platforms and uncoated graphite tubes for preconcentrating Cd in situ was compared with the Pd-coated platform procedure described. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the determination of ng l–1 levels of this toxic metal in river water and tea infusions.
Caribbean multi-centre study of Klebsiella pneumoniae : whole genome sequencing, antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors (2019)

ABSTRACT The surveillance of antimicrobial resistant isolates has proven to be one of the most valuable tools to understand the global rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. We report the first insights into the current situation in the Caribbean, where a pilot project to monitor antimicrobial resistance through phenotypic resistance measurements combined with whole-genome sequencing was set up in collaboration with the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA). Our first study focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae , a highly relevant organism amongst the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens world-wide today causing hospital, as well as community-acquired, infections. Our results show that not only carbapenem resistance, but also hypervirulent strains, are circulating in patients in the Caribbean. Our current data does not allow us to infer their prevalence in the population. We argue for the urgent need to further support antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship in this almost uncharted territory, which can make a significant impact on the reduction of antimicrobial usage. DATA SUMMARY -Raw sequencing data is deposited at the sequence read archive (SRA), and assemblies are deposited at GenBank, accession numbers for all are given in Dataset S1. -The data of measured resistance phenotypes (Vitek) is also provided in Dataset S1. -The tree file and associated metadata can be investigated and downloaded through the free online platform microreact ( https://microreact.org/project/S1-a7KAkV ). ✓ I/We confirm all supporting data, code and protocols have been provided within the article or through supplementary data files. ⊠ Significance as a BioResource to the community This BioResource contains whole-genome sequence data of 270 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, information about encoded resistance genes and the phylogeny of the isolates, their distribution in the global K. pneumoniae population, and their resistance phenotype data as determined by the VITEK 2 compact system. The isolates are recent (2017 through 2018) and represent clinically relevant patient isolates from 15 different sites in 12 Caribbean states. These data will be of interest for researchers working on K. pneumoniae and other opportunistic pathogens as well as those interested in mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance cassettes. Our data is the only recent survey of antimicrobial resistant opportunistic pathogens from multiple sites within the Caribbean, and is of high significance for the global surveillance of K. pneumoniae and antimicrobial resistance elements. This BioResource is made available through data tables provided with this article, as well deposition of the raw data in the relevant archives, and an interactive platform (microreact) to enquire and download analyses (phylogenetic tree, metadata).
Dependence of ultrasonic scattering on frequency and microarchitecture in trabecular bone: Theory and experiment (2002)

Measurements of ultrasonic properties of calcaneus (heel bone) have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between ultrasound and bone are currently not well understood. A model that predicts backscatter from trabecular bone has been developed. Scattering is assumed to originate from the surfaces of trabeculae, which are modeled as long, thin, elastic cylinders with radii small compared with the ultrasonic wavelength. Experimental measurements of backscatter using broadband ultrasound centered at 500 kHz from 43 trabecular bone samples (from human calcaneus) in vitro have been performed. Microcomputed tomography has been performed on all 43 samples in order to measure microarchitectural features. The theory correctly predicts the measured dependences of backscatter on ultrasonic frequency and trabecular thickness. [Funding from the FDA Office of Womens Health is gratefully acknowledged.]
Solvation of poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate) by CO2 studied via atomistic Monte Carlo simulation techniques (2004)

Abstract The differences in solubility of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) were addressed by applying atomistic Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Polymer segments consisting of nine monomer units serve as model compounds for polymer chains. As a measure of intermolecular interactions with the solvent environment, cohesion energies of the polymer segments embedded in either the corresponding monomer or in CO 2 were calculated. Only in case of PMA segments in CO 2 environment, specific interactions between polymer segments were identified. This finding is in agreement with experimental results on phase behaviour and propagation kinetics.
Cleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond in [Nb(SCH2CH2S)3]-leading to formation of a sulfide and tpdt ligand in [NbS(SCH2CH2S)(SCH2CH2SCH2CH2S)]- (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of a carbon-sulfur bond in [Nb(SCH2CH2S)3]-leading to formation of a sulfide and tpdt ligand in [NbS(SCH2CH2S)(SCH2CH2SCH2CH2S)]-Kazuyuki. Tatsumi, Yoitsu. Sekiguchi, Akira. Nakamura, Roger E. Cramer, and John J. RuppCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 6, 1358–1359Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00266a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00266a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dynamic performance of self-sensing epoxy resin for aerospace structures (2018)

To meet the demand, especially of the aerospace field, of more and more advanced materials, more intense studies are being carried out on carbon-fiber reinforced composite materials. CNTs reinforcements allow for modulating the characteristics of a polymer matrix composite making it also suitable for more extreme operating conditions and resistant to environmental damage. The advantages of carbon nanotube reinforcement are many. They allow to improve the mechanical characteristics of the composite. The most relevant aspect, however, lies in the electrical properties that make these composites suitable for the design of self-sensing materials. In other words, composite materials reinforced with CNTs are used as sensors as well as structural materials and this is a highly sought after goal in recent times. Electrical techniques are the non-destructive way to monitor damage in composites subjected to static and dynamic loads. However, this approach is not applicable to composites where the fibers are non-conductive, such as glass and aramid fibers. Damage detection through conductivity measurements offers many advantages when compared to traditional glass fiber optic sensors. In fact, because of their high cost, it is not possible to create a dense network of these fibers to inspect large parts of the composite and especially if the damage spreads in the material without crossing the fiber could also not be detected. Therefore, the reinforcement with carbon nanotubes is the best way to go under the many aspects described. As part of an intensive research activity aimed at studying the performance of innovative smart resins, the authors will show in this article the outcomes related to some of their dynamic properties.
Nitric oxide-endothelin-1 interactions after surgically induced acute increases in pulmonary blood flow in intact lambs (2005)

Several congenital heart defects require surgery that acutely increases pulmonary blood flow (PBF). This can lead to dynamic alterations in postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and can contribute to morbidity and mortality. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET)-1, and their interactions in the alterations of PVR after surgically induced increases in PBF. Twenty lambs underwent placement of an aortopulmonary vascular graft. Lambs were instrumented to measure vascular pressures and PBF and studied for 4 h. Before and after shunt opening, lambs received an infusion of saline (n = 9), tezosentan, an ETA- and ETB -receptor antagonist (n = 6), or Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (n = 5). In control lambs, shunt opening increased PBF by 117.8% and decreased PVR by 40.7% (P < 0.05) by 15 min, without further changes thereafter. Plasma ET-1 levels increased 17.6% (P < 0.05), and total NOS activity decreased 61.1% (P < 0.05) at 4 h. ET-receptor blockade (tezosentan) prevented the plateau of PBF and PVR, such that PBF was increased and PVR was decreased compared with controls at 3 and 4 h (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with an increase in total NOS activity (+61.4%; P < 0.05) at 4 h. NOS inhibition (L-NNA) after shunt placement prevented the sustained decrease in PVR seen in control lambs. In these lambs, PVR decreased by 15 min (P < 0.05) but returned to baseline by 2 h. Together, these data suggest that surgically induced increases in PBF are limited by vasoconstriction, at least in part by an ET-receptor-mediated decrease in lung NOS activity. Thus NO appears to be important in maintaining a reduction in PVR after acutely increased PBF.
Selected Design and Analysis Techniques for Contemporary Symmetric Encryption (2021)

Abstract In this chapter we provide an overview of selected methods for the design and analysis of symmetric encryption algorithms that have recently been published. We start by discussing the practical advantages, limitations and security of the keystream generators with keyed update functions which were proposed for reducing the area cost of stream ciphers. Then we present an approach to enhancing the security of certain encryption schemes by employing a universal homophonic coding and randomized encryption paradigm.
Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects in Silicon (2011)

We derive a spin-dependent Hamiltonian that captures the symmetry of the zone edge states in silicon. We present analytical expressions of the spin-dependent states and of spin relaxation due to electron-phonon interactions in the multivalley conduction band. We find excellent agreement with experimental results. Similar to the usage of the Kane Hamiltonian in direct band-gap semiconductors, the new Hamiltonian can be used to study spin properties of electrons in silicon.
Microbial De-emulsification:  A Highly Efficient Procedure for the Extractive Workup of Whole-Cell Biotransformations (2006)

Formation of stable emulsions with the organic solvent is a general complication in the extractive workup of aqueous whole-cell biotransformations. This hold-up has been overcome by biocatalytic lysis of emulsifying agents present in the medium through addition of living microorganisms. Of these, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus erythropolis exhibited the most powerful de-emulsifying activity. As exemplified by microbial treatment of cell-free biotransformation media of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus kefiri, phase separation time (tp) was drastically reduced from one week to 20 s without significantly affecting product integrity. This practicable ready-to-use method is appropriate to both fungal and bacterial biocatalysts. The highly efficient de-emulsification power and the considerably short phase separation time of this technique allow for cost-effective continuous extractions on a large-scale, for example with mixer−settler units.
Ultrasonic sensor system for CaF2 interface monitoring with rods permanently embedded in crystal (2005)

The interface position of a CaF2 crystal was successfully monitored during growth using an innovative ultrasonic sensor system. The sensor system utilizes a top entry approach consisting of probe rods permanently positioned at the bottom of the crucible. Ultrasonic time of flight data (TOF) is used to determine interface position. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethanethiol (2004)

[18143-30-1] C5H14SSi (MW 134.32) InChI = 1S/C5H14SSi/c1-7(2,3)5-4-6/h6H,4-5H2,1-3H3 InChIKey = BCOLNMGFOWHFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a monoprotected sulfide dianion equivalent for the two-step installation of a divalent sulfur atom into organic molecules) Physical Data: bp 144–146 °C [52–54 °C (25 Torr)]; d 0.850. Solubility: soluble in MeOH, CH2Cl2, THF, and most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: liquid from major research chemical suppliers at a cost of ca. US$60/g (7.4 mmol) of 97% pure material. Analysis of Reagent Purity: GC. Preparative Methods: the high commercial cost of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanethiol necessitates methods for its lab scale synthesis. The radical addition of thiolacetic acid to vinyltrimethylsilane occurs thermally to afford a 9:1 ratio of regioisomers, the 1- and 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl thiolesters of acetic acid (eq 1).2, 3 Photochemical initiation may improve the ratio of regioisomers obtained.4 Purification of the thiolacetate by careful fractional distillation should be performed prior to conversion to the thiol in order to ensure high purity. The conversion to thiol is best performed with LAH3 or methanolic K2CO3,2 but ammonolysis may also be suitable.5 Saponification with KOH in water/ethanol is slightly less efficient.4 Direct radical addition of liquid H2S to vinyl trimethylsilane has been demonstrated, but the procedure is low-yielding and inconvenient.4 (1) Purification: distillation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the thiol possesses a strong unpleasant aroma that combines the characteristic olfactory features of thiol and low molecular weight silane. As a thiol, the reagent is incompatible with oxygen, base, and common oxidants. Distillation should be carried out with care since uncontrollable frothing may occur under reduced pressure, even with vigorous stirring.
Du Couplage Ultra-Fort Lumière-Matière : nouvelle Ingénierie de Métamatériaux Térahertz (2015)

Sub-wavelength patterning of one or several materials can give rise to “metamaterials”, with artificial electromagnetic properties. This work is focused on the design and realization of THz metamaterials, exploiting plasmonic cavity engineering and many-body effects in a dense electron gas. In the first part of this manuscript, many-body effects are investigated through the optical response of an electron gas in a semiconductor layer. The electron gas displays a cooperative response to an incident electromagnetic field: its absorption spectrum shows a unique sharp resonance, centred at an energy that depends on the electronic density and on the confinement. A model is presented that describes infrared absorption of thin doped semiconductor layers as well as intersubband absorption in a quantum well. When a highly doped semiconductor layer is inserted in a metallic microcavity, the so called “ultra-strong” coupling regime is achieved between the electronic many-body excitation and the cavity fundamental optical mode. Through an optimization of the cavity geometry, I demonstrate a record value of the relative coupling strength at room temperature. The ultra-strong coupling regime is then used for two different applications: a metamaterial with an artificial photonic reflectivity band and a cavity with an extremely high effective index. Those cavities are then used to realize an incandescent THz source, operating at room temperature.
Text recognition of low-resolution document images (2005)

Cheap and versatile cameras make it possible to easily and quickly capture a wide variety of documents. However, low resolution cameras present a challenge to OCR because it is virtually impossible to do character segmentation independently from recognition. In this paper we solve these problems simultaneously by applying methods borrowed from cursive handwriting recognition. To achieve maximum robustness, we use a machine learning approach based on a convolutional neural network. When our system is combined with a language model using dynamic programming, the overall performance is in the vicinity of 80-95% word accuracy on pages captured with a 1024/spl times/768 webcam and 10-point text.
Microstructural and Process Characterization of Conductive Traces Printed from Ag Particulate Inks (2011)

Conductive inks are key enablers for the use of printing techniques in the fabrication of electronic systems. Focus on the understanding of aspects controlling the electrical performance of conductive ink is paramount. A comparison was made between microparticle Ag inks and an Ag nanoparticle ink. The microstructures resulting from thermal cure processes were characterized morphologically and also in terms of their effect on the resistivity of printed traces. For microparticle inks, the variability of resistivity measurements between samples as defined by coefficient of variation (CV) was greater than 0.1 when the resistivity was 10 to 50 times that of bulk Ag. When the resistivity was lower (~1.4 times that of bulk Ag) the CV of sample sets was less than 0.1. In the case of the nanoparticle ink, resistivity was found to decrease by a factor ranging from 1.2 to 1.5 after doubling the amount of layers printed prior to curing though it was expected to remain the same. Increasing the amount of layers printed also enhanced the sintering process.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxilla in a Patient With Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (2014)

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. This syndrome is characterized by developmental anomalies, such as odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws, multiple basal cell carcinomas, and skeletal abnormalities. Various neoplasms or hamartomas were observed in association with BCNS.We report on a 45-year-old female patient who presented with a tumefaction of the right maxillary region. After correlating clinical, radiographic, and histological features, diagnosis of BCNS associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the right maxillary sinus was made. A surgical treatment was performed. Because of poor compliance and delayed healing, the postoperative radiotherapy was postponed. Three months after the procedure, the patient has developed symptoms of tumoral activity.This clinical report highlights the importance of early diagnosis of BCNS and strict follow-up to prevent severe complications such as squamous cell carcinoma.
Reviewing hybrid coronary revascularization: challenges, controversies and opportunities (2016)

Two main approaches to myocardial revascularization currently exist, coronary artery bypass and percutaneous coronary intervention. In patients with advanced coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass surgery is associated with improved long term outcomes while percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with lower periprocedural complications. A new approach has emerged in the last decade that attempts to reap the benefits of bypass surgery and stenting while minimizing the shortcomings of each approach. This new approach, hybrid coronary revascularization, has shown encouraging early results. Minimally invasive techniques for bypass surgery have played a large part of bringing this approach into contemporary practice.
Continuum of care and longitudinal recovery in a 17-year-old athlete with second impact syndrome (2022)

Second impact syndrome (SIS) is an uncommon, but devastating sports-related structural brain injury that results from a second head injury before complete recovery from an initial concussion. The pathophysiology of second impact syndrome is poorly understood, but is hypothesized to involve loss of autoregulation, diffuse cerebral edema, with progression to rapid brain herniation syndromes. Here, we present a case of second impact syndrome in an adolescent high school football player who experienced acute brain herniation and coma. Following stabilization, the patient underwent comprehensive, multidisciplinary rehabilitation in order to achieve significant recovery. A narrative detailing the patient's recovery from one-year post-injury is reviewed.