gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech recognition via phonetically featured syllables (1998)

Speech can be naturally described by phonetic features, such as a set of acoustic phonetic features or a set of articulatory features. This thesis establi shes the effectiveness of using phonetic features in phoneme recognition by comparing a recogniser based on them to a recogniser using an established parametrisation as a baseline. The usefulness of phonetic features serves as the foundation for the subsequent modelling of syllables. Syllables are subject to fewer of the context-sensitivity effects that hamper phone-based speech recognition. I investigate the different questions involved in creating syllable models. After training a feature-based syllable recogniser, I compare the feature based syllables against a baseline. To conclude, the feature based syllable models are compared against the baseline phoneme models in word recognition. With the resultant feature-syllable models performing well in word recognition, the featuresyllables show their future potential for large vocabulary automatic speech recognition.
Adaptive Contour Features in oriented granular space for human detection and segmentation (2009)

In this paper, a novel feature named adaptive contour feature (ACF) is proposed for human detection and segmentation. This feature consists of a chain of a number of granules in oriented granular space (OGS) that is learnt via the AdaBoost algorithm. Three operations are defined on the OGS to mine object contour feature and feature co-occurrences automatically. A heuristic learning algorithm is proposed to generate an ACF that at the same time define a weak classifier for human detection or segmentation. Experiments on two open datasets show that the ACF outperform several well-known existing features due to its stronger discriminative power rooted in the nature of its flexibility and adaptability to describe an object contour element.
Investigating Lignin-Derived Monomers and Oligomers in Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions Separated from Depolymerized Black Liquor Retentate by Membrane Filtration (2021)

Base-catalyzed depolymerization of black liquor retentate (BLR) from the kraft pulping process, followed by ultrafiltration, has been suggested as a means of obtaining low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds. The chemical complexity of BLR, which consists of a mixture of softwood and hardwood lignin that has undergone several kinds of treatment, leads to a complex mixture of LMW compounds, making the separation of components for the formation of value-added chemicals more difficult. Identifying the phenolic compounds in the LMW fractions obtained under different depolymerization conditions is essential for the upgrading process. In this study, a state-of-the-art nontargeted analysis method using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/HRMS<sup>n</sup>) combined with a Kendrick mass defect-based classification model was applied to analyze the monomers and oligomers in the LMW fractions separated from BLR samples depolymerized at 170-210 °C. The most common phenolic compound types were dimers, followed by monomers. A second round of depolymerization yielded low amounts of monomers and dimers, while a high number of trimers were formed, thought to be the result of repolymerization.
Colonic transit after fibre supplementation in patients with haemorrhoids. (1985)

Patients with haemorrhoids often complain of disturbed defaecation which might correspond either to too slow or too fast colonic transit. Colonic transit was determined using a new technique as the distribution of radiopaque markers on a film after a daily intake of 20 markers over 10 days. Nineteen out-patients with a history of haemorrhoids participated in the study. Colonic transit was measured before and after 6 weeks on a bran preparation (Fiberform, 10 g daily) or an ispagula bulk preparation (Lunelax, 10 g daily) in random order. The variation in the distribution of pellets in the colon within the groups was greater than during treatment with fibre preparations. In both cases a 'normalization' of the transit occurred with fibre. No difference was found between the effect of the two fibre preparations on colonic transit. Thus, such changes in transit could be anticipated when the dietary fibre of the diet is increased according to modern recommended dietary allowances.
Development of the alopecia areata scale for clinical use: Results of an academic–industry collaborative effort (2021)

The final AA disease severity scale, anchored in the extent of hair loss, captures key features commonly used by AA experts in clinical practice. This scale will better aid clinicians in appropriately assessing severity in patients with this common disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic Site Discrimination in Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves by Solid‐State NMR: Influence of the Field‐Dependent Isotropic Second‐Order Quadrupolar Shift on High‐Resolution 27Al DOR NMR. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tellurium-based solar cells (2022)

Abstract In this article, we discuss about various Tellurium-based solar cells. Mainly this analysis focuses on the CdTe solar cells. The latest development in this area is incorporated in great detail. Te doping in various other solar cells is also discussed in the last part of the article.
Corrigendum: A Synthetic C34 Trimer of HIV‐1 gp41 Shows Significant Increase in Inhibition Potency (2012)

The structure of C34REG is incorrectly given in Figure 1 B of the manuscript (p. 206). The correct structure is shown below. However, the associated characterization data are correctly reported, and the discussions and conclusions are unaffected by this Corrigendum. 1
Autonomous mobile robot navigation and learning (1989)

Research focused on the development and experimental validation of intelligent control techniques for autonomous mobile robots able to plan and perform a variety of assigned tasks in unstructured environments is presented. In particular, an autonomous mobile robot, HERMIES-IIB intelligence experiment series, is described. It is a self-powered, wheel-driven platform containing an onboard 16-node Ncube hypercube parallel processor interfaced to effectors and sensors through a VME-based system containing a Motorola 68020 processor, a phased sonar array, dual manipulator arms, and multiple cameras. Research on navigation and learning is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Learning distinct features helps, provably (2023)

We study the diversity of the features learned by a two-layer neural network trained with the least squares loss. We measure the diversity by the average L2-distance between the hidden-layer features and theoretically investigate how learning non-redundant distinct features affects the performance of the network. To do so, we derive novel generalization bounds depending on feature diversity based on Rademacher complexity for such networks. Our analysis proves that more distinct features at the network’s units within the hidden layer lead to better generalization. We also show how to extend our results to deeper networks and different losses.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Combining Ultrasonic Tumor Imaging and Targeted Chemotherapy (2007)

Multifunctional nanoparticles that are tumor-targeted drug carriers, long-lasting ultrasound contrast agents, and enhancers of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery have been developed and deserve further exploration as cancer therapeutics.
Effects of compression on human subchondral osteoblast metabolism (2009)

Introduction. Recent data showed that subchondral bone plays an important role in osteoarthritis (OA). Metabolic and morphologic modifications in this tissue contribute to the degradation of the overlaying cartilage. It was suggested that abnormal mechanical pressure exerted onto the articulation was responsible to these changes. Here, we evaluated the effects of compression on osteoblasts from subchondral bone. Method. Osteoblasts were isolated from sclerotic (SC) or non-sclerotic (NSC) areas of human OA subchondral bone. After 28 days, osteoblasts were surrounded by their matrix. This osteoblasts-containing membrane was then placed onto a Biopress Flexercell plate and submitted to a 4h 1.67 MPa compression (1 Hz). Expression of IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, VEGF, IGF-1, OPG and RANKL was evaluated by RT-PCR. IL-6, IL-8 and PGE2 were quantified by ELISA. Results. Basal IL-6, VEGF, COX-2, IGF-1 and RANKL mRNA levels were significantly increased in SC osteoblasts as compared to NSC. By contrast, SC osteoblasts expressed less OPG than those from NSC areas. Compressions induced the expression of genes coding for IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, IGF-1, VEGF and RANKL but decreased the expression of OPG in NSC osteoblasts (p<0.01). Interestingly, compressed NSC osteoblasts expressed similar levels of these genes than SC osteoblasts. Conclusions. We show that our model of compression can induce in NSC osteoblasts a phenotype similar to this observed in sclerotic areas. Moreover, SC osteoblasts are less sensitive to mechanical stimuli than NSC osteoblasts. These results clarify the role of compression in the pathogenesis of subchondral bone sclerosis and allow new perspectives of research in this field.
Making the SF5 Group More Accessible: A Gas‐Reagent‐Free Approach to Aryl Tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl Chlorides (2018)

Modern pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub> ) chemistry has an Achilles heel: synthetic accessibility. Herein, we present the first approach to aryl-SF<sub>4</sub> Cl compounds (key intermediates in state-of-the-art aryl-SF<sub>5</sub> synthesis) that overcomes the reliance on hazardous fluorinating reagents and/or gas reagents (e.g. Cl<sub>2</sub> ) by employing easy-to-handle trichloroisocyanuric acid, potassium fluoride, and catalytic amounts of acid. These simple, mild conditions allow direct access to aryl-SF<sub>4</sub> Cl intermediates that either have not been or cannot be demonstrated using previous methods. Furthermore, the same approach provides access to aryl-SF<sub>3</sub> and aryl-SeF<sub>3</sub> compounds, which extend the applications of this chemistry beyond arene SF<sub>5</sub> -functionalization, and demonstrate its ability to address a more general oxidative fluorination problem.
Meteoroids as One of the Sources for Exosphere Formation on Airless Bodies in the Inner Solar System (2021)

Abstract This manuscript represents a review on progress made over the past decade concerning our understanding of meteoroid bombardment on airless solar system bodies as one of the sources of the formation of their exospheres. Specifically, observations at Mercury by MESSENGER and at the Moon by LADEE, together with progress made in dynamical models of the meteoroid environment in the inner solar system, offer new tools to explore in detail the physical phenomena involved in this complex relationship. This progress is timely given the expected results during the next decade that will be provided by new missions such as DESTINY + , BepiColombo, the Artemis program or the Lunar Gateway.
Sensor-aided mobile information management and retrieval (2011)

The number of "smart" mobile devices such as wireless phones and tablet computers has been rapidly growing. These mobile devices are equipped with a variety of sensors such as camera, gyroscope, accelerometer, compass, NFC, WiFi, GPS, etc. These sensors can be used to capture images and voice, detect motion patterns, and predict locations, to name just a few. This keynote depicts techniques in configuration, calibration, computation, and fusion for improving sensor performance and conserving power consumption. We also present novel mobile information management and retrieval applications that can benefit a great deal from enhanced sensor technologies.
Quantum information (2008)

Modern society is shaped by the ability to transmit, manipulate, and store large amounts of information. Although we tend to think of information as abstract, information is physical, and computing is a physical process. How then should we understand information in a quantum world, in which physical systems may exist in multiple states at once and are altered by the very act of observation? This question has evolved into an exciting new field of research called Quantum Information (QI). QI challenges many accepted rules and practices in computer science. For example, a quantum computer would turn certain "hard" problems into "soft" problems, and would render common computationally-secure encryption methods (such as RSA) insecure. At the same time, quantum communication would provide an unprecedented kind of intrinsic information security at the level of the smallest physical objects used to store or transmit the information.
Sympathetic α3β2‐nAChRs mediate cerebral neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation (2009)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on the sympathetic nerves innervating cerebral arteries of the pig crossbreed between Landrace and Yorkshire (LY) in Illinois is α7‐nAChR. Nicotine‐induced cerebral neurogenic vasodilation in pigs crossbreed among Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc (LYD) in Hualien (Taiwan), however, is not blocked by α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BTGX, a highly selective α7‐nAChR antagonist). The cerebral perivascular sympathetic nAChR subtype of LYD pigs, therefore, was examined. The nicotine‐induced dilatation of isolated basilar arteries was not affected by α‐conotoxin IMI (an α7‐nAChR antagonist) or α‐conotoxin AuIB (an α3β4‐nAChR antagonist). The vasodilation was inhibited by preferential α3‐containing nAChR antagonists (tropinone and tropane) and α‐conotoxin MII (a selective α3β2‐nAChR antagonist). Using reverse transcription PCR, α3‐, α7‐, β2‐ and β4‐subunits of nAChRs were expressed in fresh superior cervical ganglia. The mRNA levels of α3‐, β2‐ and β4‐subunits were significantly higher than that of α7‐subunit. Furthermore, nicotine‐induced inward currents in α3β2‐nAChR‐expresssing oocytes were blocked by α‐conotoxin MII but not by α‐BTGX or α‐conotoxin AuIB. In conclusion, the predominant nAChR on cerebral perivascular sympathetic nerves mediating cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation in LYD pigs is α3β2‐subtype (supported by TCU &amp; NSC).
Supplementary Figure 2 from Gene Profiling of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Reveals Germinal Center and Postgerminal Center Subtypes with Different Survival Times, Modeling Human DLBCL (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 843K, Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of cBCLs.&lt;/p&gt;
Fluorescent light-induced chromatid breaks distinguish Alzheimer disease cells from normal cells in tissue culture. (1996)

The neurodegeneration and amyloid deposition of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) also occur in familial AD and in all trisomy-21 Down syndrome (DS) patients, suggesting a common pathogenetic mechanism. We investigated whether defective processing of damaged DNA might be that mechanism, as postulated for the neurodegeneration in xeroderma pigmentosum, a disease with defective repair not only of UV radiation-induced, but also of some oxygen free radical-induced, DNA lesions. We irradiated AD and DS skin fibroblasts or blood lymphocytes with fluorescent light, which is known to cause free radical-induced DNA damage. The cells were then treated with either beta-cytosine arabinoside (araC) or caffeine, and chromatid breaks were quantified. At least 28 of 31 normal donors and 10 of 11 donors with nonamyloid neurodegenerations gave normal test results. All 12 DS, 11 sporadic AD, and 16 familial AD patients tested had abnormal araC and caffeine tests, as did XP-A cells. In one of our four AD families, an abnormal caffeine test was found in all 10 afflicted individuals (including 3 asymptomatic when their skin biopsies were obtained) and in 8 of 11 offspring at a 50% risk for AD. Our tests could prove useful in predicting inheritance of familial AD and in supporting, or rendering unlikely, the diagnosis of sporadic AD in patients suspected of having the disease.
Oxide thin films containing metal nanoparticles : monitoring the physical properties (2013)

International audience
Breakthrough MEG Technology [Slides] (2021)

LANL technology is a disruptive innovation to change market dynamics. For medical imaging experts who want to rapidly diagnose brain disorders, our LANL breakthrough MEG solution delivers faster and easier brain imaging without having to go to major urban medical centers.
Further Investigations into the Regioselectivity of 6,7-Indole Aryne Cycloadditions with 2-Substituted Furans: Remarkable Contrasteric Preference Depends on Pyrrole and Benzene Ring Substitution (2013)

A series of related 6,7-dibromoindole compounds were prepared to study the effects of pyrrole and benzene ring substitution patterns on the regioselectivity of 6,7-indole aryne cycloadditions with 2-<i>tert</i>-butylfuran. The arynes were generated by our metal–halogen exchange/elimination protocol. The results of this investigation reveal that substitution at the 3-position on the indole ring in particular results in remarkable regiocontrol that favored the contrasteric products. Aromatic conjugation at this site significantly enhanced this effect. However, the presence of most 4- or 5-substituents generally resulted in markedly reduced selectivity. Exceptions in this latter series included the 4-ethyl and 4-iodo cases both of which also gave predominantly contrasteric products even in the absence of a beneficial C-3 substituent.
A Spatially Robust Least Squares Crosstalk Canceller (2007)

Crosstalk cancellation is a well-known technique to generate virtual 3D sound via loudspeakers. Usually, headphones are used to playback audio material, which has been filtered with HRTFs. Audio playback in a reverberant room using loudspeakers and crosstalk cancellation is our intended application. This raises the need for a robust design, since listeners might slightly move their heads during a listening session. The novel design is based on a known least squares crosstalk canceller design technique, but with added robustness. The robustness is achieved with the help of assumed stochastic perturbation systems, which lie in parallel to the actual propagation impulse responses, during the design process.
Fabrication and Characterization of RF Magnetron Sputtered Silicon Oxide Films (2014)

In this work, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) films were fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition technique. The deposition rate of the magnetron sputtered SiO 2 films was investigated. The SiO 2 films were characterized with the atomic force microscopy (AFM) for their surface topology. In addition, the electrical insulating strength of the magnetron sputtered SiO 2 was examined.
Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation: Approaches, successes, and challenges (2014)

Current challenges exist to widespread clinical implementation of genomic medicine and pharmacogenetics. The University of Florida (UF) Health Personalized Medicine Program (PMP) is a pharmacist‐led, multidisciplinary initiative created in 2011 within the UF Clinical Translational Science Institute. Initial efforts focused on pharmacogenetics, with long‐term goals to include expansion to disease‐risk prediction and disease stratification. Herein we describe the processes for development of the program, the challenges that were encountered and the clinical acceptance by clinicians of the genomic medicine implementation. The initial clinical implementation of the UF PMP began in June 2012 and targeted clopidogrel use and the CYP2C19 genotype in patients undergoing left heart catheterization and percutaneous‐coronary intervention (PCI). After 1 year, 1,097 patients undergoing left heart catheterization were genotyped preemptively, and 291 of those underwent subsequent PCI. Genotype results were reported to the medical record for 100% of genotyped patients. Eighty patients who underwent PCI had an actionable genotype, with drug therapy changes implemented in 56 individuals. Average turnaround time from blood draw to genotype result entry in the medical record was 3.5 business days. Seven different third party payors, including Medicare, reimbursed for the test during the first month of billing, with an 85% reimbursement rate for outpatient claims that were submitted in the first month. These data highlight multiple levels of success in clinical implementation of genomic medicine. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Movable tool kit for keyhole surgery (2005)

A major problem in keyhole surgery, which involves surgeons performing operations through small incisions, is the complex manoeuvring of small instruments. Researchers at TU Delft have built an entirely new tool tip control system, based on the tentacles of squid that will enable surgeons to manoeuvre a camera or instrument in any direction during keyhole surgery. The concept uses nothing but standard parts like cables, springs, washers and tubes, so the cost is less than one percent of the cost of the currently available tool tip systems. The mechanism is easy to miniaturise. A worldwide patent has already been applied for, and the design is now ready for commercial application. Surgeons cant wait to start using the new invention, in particular because it will enable them to use minute instruments during keyhole surgery.
Helically corrugated waveguides for compression of frequency swept microwave pulses (2006)

Short pulse high power microwave radiation can be used for time of flight diagnostic measurements in plasmas, e.g. density profiles by reflectometry. A three-fold helical corrugation of the inner surface of a waveguide synthesises eigenwaves having useful dispersive properties by combining two distinct counter-rotating modes of a corresponding circular waveguide. The dispersion may be tailored to the requirements of an application by adjusting the amplitude and period of the corrugations. Such dispersive properties have proven useful in broadband radiation amplifiers, or to achieve passive compression of smoothly frequency modulated microwave pulses. The paper presents results of experiments using a solid state source to produce an optimised frequency-chirped input pulse and amplified by a high power Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA). The waveforms of the input and output microwave signals were captured on a UHF Digital Storage Oscilloscope. The results demonstrated at 5.7kW input power levels that X-band radiation pulses of 67ns duration with 5% frequency modulation can be compressed into a 2.8ns pulse having 12 times higher peak power, whilst retaining 50% of the energy in the input signal. The technique offers great potential for scaling to higher frequencies and power levels.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Small-Molecule ONC201/TIC10 Targets Chemotherapy-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Stem–like Cells in an Akt/Foxo3a/TRAIL–Dependent Manner (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TRAIL-dependent anti-CSC effects of ONC201/TIC10.&lt;/p&gt;