gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed γ‐Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters from Silyl Ketene Acetals (2010)

Smarty cat: A method for the palladium-catalyzed γ-arylation of α,β-unsaturated esters via silyl ketene acetals in the absence of fluoride has been developed. The coupling proceeds with electron-rich and electron-poor aryl bromides and vinyl bromides in high yields with a high tolerance for other functional groups. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Structural Characterization of Amyloidotic Antifreeze Protein Fibrils and Intermediates (2009)

The propagation and detrimental effects of prion disease are thought to be associated with the amyloid-like prion fibrils or with other misfolded structures known as beta-oligomers. The freezing and thawing of high concentrations of an antifreeze protein result in fibrils that have morphological and structural properties similar to those of amyloid. The method to produce these amyloid-like fibrils is expanded upon in this study. Data showed that the C-terminal end of the protein retains its alpha-helical character even in the amyloid state, and that changing the pH of the protein solution from 4 to 8 resulted in gels that resemble the beta-oligomeric form. These interim results provide the conditions for further elucidating the structure of these fibrils and their intermediate states.
Fair division by auctions (1996)

What do auctions have to do with fair division? In this chapter we will show that bidding for items, and awarding them to the highest bidder – or, possibly, splitting the award among two or more of the highest bidders – may provide a compelling means to allocate them.
Flux pinning by grain boundaries in niobium bicrystals (1978)

Abstract Bicrystals of niobium with symmetric tilt boundaries grown directly from the melt with bicrystal seeds have been used as a model system to measure the resistive critical current Ic as a function of the applied transverse magnetic field H and angle φ, between H and the grain boundary plane. The specimens were investigated in the as-received, chemically-polished and surface-oxidized states. Of these, the last state brought out the true grain boundary contribution to Ic by suppressing the surface IC. Extremely narrow peaks in Ic(φ) with half-intensity width ≤ 1° and heights up to eight times the off-peak values were found for φ = 0. The present results provide direct evidence of the efficacy of grain boundary pinning. The simplicity of the pinning system allows the elementary pinning force ƒpL to be evaluated without the complications of statistical summation. Typically, ƒpL ∼ 7 × 10−6 Nm−1 at b=0.67. From a consideration of the orientations of the grains, the possibility of grain boundary pinning occurring through the anisotropy of H c2 is ruled out in our bicrystals. A calculation of the parelastic interaction between the grain boundary dislocations and the flux line lattice, shows no pinning. Our results suggest the presence of an inhomogeneous layer at the grain boundary as the cause of the grain boundary flux pinning.
Complexity-Constrained Video Bitstream Shaping (2007)

In scalable or layered video coding, bitstreams that fulfil specific rate or distortion profiles can be derived (shaped) postencoding, i.e., at transmission time. This can also be a very effective method for real-time adjustment of the decoding complexity to bounds specified by the decoding processor or operating system. In this paper, a new type of bitstream shaping is discussed, which is able to fulfil various instantaneous complexity profiles/constraints imposed by the decoder. Complexity is estimated by modeling generic metrics that can be translated into receiver-specific execution-time or energy-consumption estimates. For various bitstream-shaping alternatives, we associate their corresponding complexity estimates with the decoder modules via a decomposition into complexity coefficients and complexity functions. This process drives bitstream shaping according to joint distortion and complexity constraints, while the proposed model incurs limited online computational and storage overhead. In addition, our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method that is based on offline training can outperform various online training methods commonly used for resource prediction in the literature. For each group of pictures, our bitstream-shaping experiments indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method permits adaptation to real-time imposed constraints on the complexity metrics within a 10% error margin
Supplementary Data from CD47-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Human Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods and figures&lt;/p&gt;
Towards Optically Pure Mono- and Difluorinated Amino Acids: Common Methodology Based on (R)-2,3-O-Isopropylideneglyceraldehyde (2002)

The stereocontrolled synthesis of N-protected (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-fluoroundecanoic and (3R)-3-amino-2,2-difluoroundecanoic acids, as representative examples, from commercially available optically pure (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde is described. Key steps involve the Mitsunobu reaction for the introduction of amino function, and incorporation of fluorine atom(s) by the fluorinating agent, morpholinotrifluorosulfurane.
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of False Positive Cases of Lymph Node Metastasis from Primary Lung Cancer. (1999)

1988年から1996年まで当センターで外科的切除された原発性肺癌731症例について, N因子診断の正診率は66. 3%であった. このうち, 術前CTにおいて縦隔リンパ節に短径10mm以上の腫大を認め, 転移陽性と判断した原発性肺癌症例のうち, 術後診断で転移を認めなかった, いわゆるcN2pNO67症例中, 当センターで術前CTを施行した48症例について検討を行った. false positiveのリンパ節の組織学的所見はリンパ濾胞の発達したものが殆どであったが, サルコイド様反応を呈した症例も認めた. 組織型や腫大リンパ節の部位, 原発巣の部位などでの有意な傾向は認めなかったが, 48例中29例に何らかの他病変が指摘可能であった. 正しいN因子の診断は, 適切な治療や正確な予後判定に不可欠であり, 特に手術適応症例においてはMRIや超音波気管支内視鏡, 縦隔鏡を用いた生検などを含めた正確な診断が必要と考えられた.
Data from Impact of Prior Treatment on the Efficacy of Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. This retrospective analysis provides long-term follow-up and describes the effect of prior therapy on outcomes after ACT-TIL.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with metastatic melanoma underwent surgical resection of a tumor for generation of TILs and were treated with a lymphodepleting preparative regimen followed by adoptive transfer of TILs and intravenous IL2. Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients and treatment characteristics of TIL infusion products over two decades of ACT were analyzed to identify predictors of objective response.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Adoptive transfer of TILs mediated an objective response rate of 56% (108/192) and median melanoma-specific survival of 28.5 months in patients naïve to anti–programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) therapy compared with 24% (8/34) and 11.6 months in patients refractory to anti–PD-1 (aPD-1). Among patients with &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; V600E/K–mutated disease, prior treatment with targeted molecular therapy was also associated with a decreased response rate (21% vs. 60%) and decreased survival (9.3 vs. 50.7 months) when compared with those patients naïve to targeted therapy. With a median potential follow-up of 89 months, 46 of 48 complete responders in the aPD-1–naïve cohort have ongoing responses after a single treatment and 10-year melanoma-specific survival of 96%.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Patients previously treated with PD-1 or MAPK inhibition are significantly less likely to develop durable objective responses to ACT-TIL. While ACT-TIL is currently being investigated for treatment-refractory patients, it should also be considered as an initial treatment option for eligible patients with metastatic melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Sznol, p. 5156&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 contributes to adipose tissue inflammation in obesity through suppression of Treg differentiation (HUM7P.288) (2014)

Abstract Homeostatic imbalance of regulatory and conventional T cells is linked with obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. A decline in the number of both circulating and locally residing T regulatory (Treg) cells in adipose tissues is hallmark of adiposity, inflammation, and glucose intolerance. Recently, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) has been implicated as a critical mediator in this process; however, the factors that initiate this inflammatory cascade remain largely unclear. We recently reported a previously unknown function for Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in T cells, a kinase renowned otherwise for its role in regulating the development and function of cells in the neuronal lineage. Here we report for the first time that the mice lacking Cdk5 in T cells (Cdk5TKO-mice) are lean compared to their wild type littermates as confirmed by their body mass index, histopathological analysis of adipose tissue as well as complete body MRI scans measuring adiposity index. Moreover we observed a significant increase in circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells along with a marked decrease in Ser-727 phosphorylation of Stat3. Finally, both pharmacologic and genetic deletion of Cdk5 abrogates the IL6-mediated suppression of TGF-β-induced Treg differentiation. These results further solidify the role of Cdk5 as an essential regulator of T cell function and implicate Cdk5 as a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of obesity.
Mapping of interface traps in high-performance Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-heterostructures using frequency- and temperature-dependent C-V techniques (2013)

With an in situ low-damage NH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> -Ar-N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> plasma pre-gate treatment, a high-quality Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /GaN-cap interface has been obtained in the Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /GaN/AlGaN/GaN MIS-structures. Frequency- and temperature-dependent C-V characterization techniques were developed to map the interface trap density (D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</inf> ) at the dielectric/III-nitride interface, whereby a low D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</inf> of ∼10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> –10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> in the Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /GaN/AlGaN/GaN MIS-structures was extracted. The mechanism for the high-quality interface was validated to be effective removal of native oxide and the subsequent formation of a monocrystal-like nitridation inter-layer on the GaN surface. Both D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</inf> mapping and the pre-gate treatment techniques are of significance for the improvement of III-nitride MIS-HEMTs.
Nanoporous Organic Polymer/Cage Composite Membranes (2012)

Organic–organic composite membranes are prepared by in situ crystallization of cage molecules in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity. This allows a direct one-step route to mixed-matrix membranes, starting with a homogeneous molecular solution. Extremely high gas permeabilities are achieved, even after ageing for more than a year, coupled with good selectivity for applications such as CO2 recovery.
Development of a New Gradient Based Strain-Criterion for Prediction of Bendability in Quality Assurance and FEA (2011)

Numerical simulation systems are more and more used in process development of car bodies. Nowadays, also the hemming process is optimised in FEA. Thus, the analysing of process robustness calls for a failure criterion for the specific bending and hemming load condition. For that purpose the experimental determination of bendability under various pre‐load conditions that occur in real production, e.g. during deep drawing in press shop, is content of this contribution. Using these experimental results, a new approach for a strain‐gradient based failure criterion for bending operations is presented to optimise bendability prediction. The bending‐strain‐gradient approach can be used both in production related departments of quality assurance as well as for simulative process design or process validation for vehicle manufacturing planning.
A Hybrid Computational and Analytical Model of Inline Drip Emitters (2019)

This paper details a hybrid computational and analytical model to predict the performance of inline pressure compensating drip irrigation emitters. Pressure compensating emitters deliver a constant flow rate over a range of applied pressures to accurately meter water to crops. Flow rate is controlled within the emitter via a fixed resistance tortuous path, and a variable flow resistance composed of a flexible membrane that deflects under changes in pressure, restricting the flow path. A pressure resistance parameter was derived using an experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to describe the flow behavior in tortuous paths. The bending mechanics of the membrane were modeled analytically and refined by deriving a correction factor using finite element analysis (FEA). A matrix formulation that calculates the force applied by a line or a patch load of any shape on a rectangular membrane, along which there is a prescribed deflection, was derived and was found to be accurate to be 1%. The combined hybrid computational–analytical model reduces the computational time of modeling emitters from hours to less than 30 min, dramatically lowering the time required to iterate and select optimal designs. The model was validated experimentally using three commercially available drip emitters and was accurate to within 12% of the experimental results.
전자기 초음파를 이용한 CFRP 복합적층판의 적층배향 특성평가에 관한 연구 (2005)

An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is a unique probe that does not require a couplant or gel and also can usually generate or detect an ultrasonic wave into specimens across a small gap. It, therefore can be applied in a noncontact mode with a high degree of reproducibility. Especially stiffness of composites depends on layup sequence of CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics) laminates. It is very important to evaluate the layup errors in prepreg laminates. A nondestructive technique can therefore serve as a useful measurement for detecting layup errors. This shear wave for detecting the presence of the errors is very sensitive. A decomposition model has been used in the interpretation and prediction of test results. Test results have been compared with model data. It is found that the high probability shows between tests and the model utilized in characterizing cured layups of the laminates, Also a C-scan method was used for detecting layup of the laminates because of extracting fiber orientation information from the ultrasonic reflection caused by structural imperfections in the laminates, Therefore, it was found that interface C-scan images show the fiber orientation information by using two-dimensional fast Fourier transform(2-D FFT).
ALPHA-DEFENSIN TEST FOR EVALUATION OF PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION (2016)

Aim Quantitative assessment of alpha-Defensin offers a promising approach for diagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 97% to 100% and 95% to 100%, respectively. However, to the best of our knowledge and after due inquiry little information exists concerning qualitative measurements of alpha-Defensin. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the alpha-Defensin test, a lateral flow test for the qualitative detection of alpha-Defensin. Method In this study, 50 patient with indicated revision surgery met the inclusion criteria due to septic or aseptic loosening. In addition to clinical standard diagnostics of PJI, the alpha-Defensin test* for the assessment of the qualitative alpha-Defensin in the synovial fluid was performed. The results were compared with the sensitivity and specificity of currently available clinical tests, specifically C-reactive protein (CRP), frozen section, definitive histology, bacteriology and sonication. Results Based on the Musculoskeletal Infection Society9s (MSIS) definition of PJI, 36 cases were categorized as aseptic and 13 as septic revisions. Due to the lack of an indicated control line (“C”), one alpha-Defensin test* was inconclusive. Qualitative alpha-Defensin had an area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 0.82, 69%, 94%, 12.46, and 0.33, respectively. Adjusted p-values using the method of Hochberg showed that the alpha-Defensin test* is significantly at least as good when diagnosing PJI as histology (p=0,0042) and bacteriology with at least one positive culture (p=0,0327). Conclusions Qualitative alpha-Defensin tests could be an effective supplement in diagnosing PJI with a diagnostic accuracy comparable to histology and bacteriology (≥ 1 positive culture).
The Large Scale Production of Biopharmaceuticals (2003)

This chapter contains section titled: Overview The generation of monoclonal antibodies The large scale culture of microorganisms The large scale culture of animal cells Expression systems Downstream processing Using gene manipulation to facilitate downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals The quality of biopharmaceuticals glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals Good manufacturing practice Alternative production systems
Molecular forms of adrenomedullin in pericardial fluid and plasma in patients with ischaemic heart disease (2002)

Experimental studies have demonstrated that adrenomedullin (AM) has a positive inotropic action and exerts inhibitory effects against ventricular remodelling as an autocrine and paracrine factor. However, there is no clinical evidence for AM acting as a local regulator in the human heart. We measured the levels of various molecular forms of AM, i.e. an active form of mature AM (AM-m), an intermediate inactive form of glycine-extended AM (AM-Gly) and total AM (AM-T=AM-m+AM-Gly), in plasma and pericardial fluid using our newly developed immunoradiometric assay in consecutive 67 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Pericardial fluid and plasma cAMP, atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels were also measured. The relationships between pericardial fluid AM levels and ventricular functions and other hormone levels were analysed. The level of each molecular form of AM in pericardial fluid was closely correlated with that of the other molecular forms of AM in the fluid. However, levels were not correlated with those in plasma. AM-T levels were slightly higher in pericardial fluid than in plasma (+72%; P<0.05), whereas AM-m levels and AM-m/AM-T ratios were markedly higher in pericardial fluid than in plasma (AM-m, +994%; AM-m/AM-T ratio, +443%; both P<0.01). AM-m, AM-Gly and AM-T levels in pericardial fluid were correlated with indices of left ventricular function, and with atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels. Interestingly, AM and cAMP levels were positively correlated in plasma, but negatively correlated in pericardial fluid. In addition, AM-m, AM-Gly and AM-T levels in pericardial fluid were higher in patients with acute coronary syndrome than in those with stable ischaemic heart disease (AM-m, +80%; AM-Gly, +96%; AM-T, +83%; all P<0.01). These results suggest that AM in pericardial fluid reflects cardiac synthesis, and that enhanced cardiac secretion of AM is associated with left ventricular dysfunction, ventricular overload and myocardial ischaemia. Considering that AM has positive inotropic, coronary vasodilatory and anti-remodelling actions, increased cardiac AM may play a compensatory role in the ischaemic and failing myocardium.
Solubility and Dissolution Improvement of Aceclofenac using Different Nanocarriers (2009)

The aim of the present investigation was to improve solubility and dissolution of the lipophilic drug aceclofenac using three nanocarriers namely nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanosuspension and polymeric nanosuspension. The solubility of aceclofenac in distilled water and different nanocarriers was determined using the UV spectrophotometer method at the wavelength of 274 nm. Dissolution studies of pure aceclofenac suspension and its nanocarriers were performed using USP dissolution apparatus in distilled water. The highest solubility (198.53 mg/ml) as well as % dissolution (99.5) of aceclofenac was obtained with nanoemulsion formulation as compared to lipid and polymeric nanosuspension. The results of solubility and dissolution were highly significant in nanoemulsion as compared to lipid and polymeric nanosuspension (P<0.01). Dissolution profile of aceclofenac in lipid and polymeric nanosuspension was significant as compared to pure aceclofenac suspension (P<0.05). These results indicated that nanoemulsion is a promising nanocarrier as compared to lipid and polymeric nanosuspension for solubility and dissolution enhancement of aceclofenac.
Consistency of learning algorithms using Attouch–Wets convergence (2010)

In this article, we show that the notion of Tikhonov well-posedness is suitable for studying supervised learning for a wide range of loss functions. We show that supervised learning can be studied from the perspective of variational systems, where one deals with the stability properties of a family of optimization problems. In particular, we prove that the problem of consistency is related to the Attouch–Wets convergence of a sequence of perturbed functionals. Our aim is understanding the potential benefits of applying variational convergence methods to learning theory.