gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Chronic Pulmonary Embolism (1985)

Recurrent pulmonary emboli ultimately may produce respiratory insufficiency, severe hypoxemia, and progressive pulmonary hypertension. In many patients this syndrome is silent in its initial phases, and when thrombophlebitis is present it is often unresponsive to anticoagulant therapy. Unless pulmonary embolectomy is undertaken, most of these patients characteristically succumb with severe respiratory insufficiency. Twenty-five patients with this syndrome have been evaluated at the Duke University Medical Center, and 14 were selected for elective pulmonary embolectomy for relief of severe and incapacitating pulmonary insufficiency. In each patient preoperative pulmonary scans and arteriography demonstrated a high degree of vascular occlusion. The obstructing lesions affectedbothlungs in the majority of patients.Bronchial arteriographywas found to be a very valuable method for demonstrating patency of the pulmonary arteries distal to occluding lesions by retrograde filling through collateral vessels joining the bronchial and pulmonary circulations. Preoperatively radionuclide angiocardiography revealed severe right ventricular dysfunction with significantly depressed ejection fractions at rest and during exercise. Retrograde pulmonary arterial flow as shown by selective bronchial arteriography was excellent in ten patients, fair in three, and absent in one. Long term follow-up indicated a clear relationship between the magnitude of arterial backflow at the time of embolectomy and the degree of clinical improvement. There were two perioperative deaths, one from massive reperfusion pulmonary hemorrhage and another from intractable right ventricular failure. Eleven patients with this syndrome were unsuitable candidates for embolectomy and of these, nine had severe distal emboli diffusely spread in the small pulmonary arteries and not amenable to direct removal. One patient had severe right ventricular failure with extreme pulmonary hypertension (145/45 mmHg) and another was massively obese with severe congestive heart failure and expired in the hospital a week later. In this group of 11 patients, three succumbed and most of the others are currently totally debilitated at rest (NYHA Class IV). Long-term follow-up of the surgically managed patients (1 to 15 years) shows that ten patients improved from NYHA functional Class IV to either I or II, another patient from Class III to Class I, and a final patient was only minimally improved. On the basis of these data, patients with severe respiratory insufficiency, hypoxemia, and chronic pulmonary hypertension from organized emboli should be considered candidates for pulmonary embolectomy with the expectation of considerable symptomatic and physiologic improvement as well as an increased life expectancy.
Discrimination of Ontario Ginseng Landraces using NMR Spectroscopy (2013)

Ginseng cultivation in Ontario began over 100 years ago when seed was cultivated from wild ginseng plants. Today Ontario ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) comprises several unimproved landraces, which are farmer selected populations that have likely diverged significantly from wild populations, developing separately for several decades. NMR spectroscopy was used to examine the metabolic profile of crude extracts of Ontario ginseng to evaluate the potential of NMR to identify a unique fingerprint for each landrace. This has important quality control and standardization implications along with the possibility that distinctive landrace characteristics may be correlated to unique activities. Statistical methods and pattern matching against NMR spectral bases were used in the analysis of the NMR spectra.
Review of surface-modification programs in the DOE-OTM Tribology Program (1991)

The use of surface-modification treatments is a widely accepted practice to reduce the wear and modify the friction behavior of surface regions while maintaining desirable bulk properties (e.g., strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, etc.) of the underlying substrate. These treatments range from conventional diffusion processes such as carburizing steels for case-hardening gears, to advanced non-equilibrium processes such as ion implantation or ion plating. The objective of this task area is to develop and investigate new or emerging surface-modification processes that show a potential for improving and controlling the tribological behavior of surfaces and thus permit engineers to design components for advanced heat engines based on desired bulk properties and near-surface tribological properties.
Overview (2003)

Nature dictates that biological material will decay and die. The structure and function of organisms will change and be lost with time, as surely in laboratory cultures as in the biologists who study and manipulate them. Attempts to stop the biological clock have been conjured by minds ancient and modern; at the heart of many such schemes have been experiments with temperature and water content. Whereas refrigeration technology provides a means of slowing the rate of deterioration of perishable goods, the use of much lower temperatures has proved a means of storing living organisms in a state of suspended animation for extended periods. The removal of water from viable biological material in the frozen state (freeze-drying) provides another means of arresting the biological clock by withholding water, and commencing again by its addition.
A visual approach to authoring XPath expressions (2001)

Web metadata is crucial for providing machine-understandable descriptions of Web resources, and has a number of applications such as discovery, qualification, and adaptation of Web contents. While metadata is often embedded into a target document, metadata can also be associated externally by means of an addressing scheme such as the XPath language. However, creation and modification of external metadata solely with a conventional editor is not easy because metadata authoring involves the maintenance and elaboration of addressing expressions as well as editing individual documents. The objective of this study is to advance extensibility in the design of annotation editors with particular emphasis on a visual approach to authoring XPath expressions. The key idea behind the XPath authoring process is to facilitate flexibility in the creation of XPath expressions as a result of the seamless integration of three authoring methods: instantaneous creation, context-constrained creation, and manual creation. In this paper, we briefly introduce a framework for external annotation first, and give a high-level overview of our annotation editor. The three XPath creation methods are then explained, showing examples of XPath expressions and the graphical user interface for visual authoring process. Finally, we present our annotation editor developed with the visual XPath authoring capability, and show how the annotation editor is customized for an annotation vocabulary at hand.
Cross-Domain Learning from Multiple Sources: A Consensus Regularization Perspective (2009)

Classification across different domains studies how to adapt a learning model from one domain to another domain which shares similar data characteristics. While there are a number of existing works along this line, many of them are only focused on learning from a single source domain to a target domain. In particular, a remaining challenge is how to apply the knowledge learned from multiple source domains to a target domain. Indeed, data from multiple source domains can be semantically related, but have different data distributions. It is not clear how to exploit the distribution differences among multiple source domains to boost the learning performance in a target domain. To that end, in this paper, we propose a consensus regularization framework for learning from multiple source domains to a target domain. In this framework, a local classifier is trained by considering both local data available in one source domain and the prediction consensus with the classifiers learned from other source domains. Moreover, we provide a theoretical analysis as well as an empirical study of the proposed consensus regularization framework. The experimental results on text categorization and image classification problems show the effectiveness of this consensus regularization learning method. Finally, to deal with the situation that the multiple source domains are geographically distributed, we also develop the distributed version of the proposed algorithm, which avoids the need to upload all the data to a centralized location and helps to mitigate privacy concerns.
Carbonates and oxalates in sediments and landfill: monitors of death and decay in natural and artificial systems (2000)

Subaqueous sediments and landfill waste disposal sites are both natural locations for anaerobic microbiological metabolism, where sulphates are reduced to sulphide, and organic matter (particularly acetate) is oxidized and degraded to produce ultimately CO 2 and CH 4 . The microbiologically mediated geochemical processes in each case are similar. However, natural sedimentary porewaters can be difficult to sample and monitor, whereas landfill sites are relatively easily accessible, yielding leachate samples that are routinely monitored over periods of time. In both environments, carbonate precipitation is predicted to be a normal consequence of anaerobic microbiological activity, consistent with changes in leachate composition and the predictions of geochemical modelling. Initial investigation of scale from a landfill drainage system confirms the presence of calcite, together with gypsum and iron minerals. Calcium oxalate minerals (whewellite and weddelite) are widespread in their occurrence within septarian concretions from a number of geological formations; whewellite is reportedly stable up to 160°C. The solubility of calcium oxalate is very low, and precipitation readily takes place when oxalate (oxalic acid) is present (derived from fungal processes in sediments and soils). Calcium oxalate minerals should be expected wherever vegetable matter is decomposing; this link can be demonstrated for natural sediments, but has yet to be proven for landfill.
Multi-Attention Based Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolution Networks for Traffic Flow Forecasting (2021)

Traffic forecasting is a great challenge to effectively extract complex spatio-temporal patterns due to the dynamic and nonlinear spatio-temporal relationships of traffic flow as well as many other constantly changing factors. A spatial-temporal graph convolution network (MASTGCN) based on multi-attention mechanism is proposed to predict long-term traffic conditions of different locations on the road network in this paper. MASTGCN consists of several independent spatial-temporal blocks and a fully-connected layer. More specifically, each block consists of two major parts: 1) Two gate-fused attention mechanisms to model spatio-temporal relationships in traffic data; 2) The spatial-temporal convolution that applies graph convolutions and customary commonplace convolutions to describe spatial and temporal features simultaneously. Our experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our MASTGCN is superior to the existing state-of-the-art baselines by a significant margin.
Workflow and decision support for the design of distributed automation systems (2012)

Distribution of automation functions onto several controllers has become a widely applied answer to the demands of huge and complex automated systems. Distributed networked automation systems offer advantages regarding various nonfunctional requirements, such as flexibility, availability and maintainability. On the other hand, they impose additional challenges, e.g. for fulfilling the real-time requirements. Control engineers face difficulties in coping with all non-functional requirements when designing distributed networked automation systems, as there are trade-offs between them. A complete and detailed model of the automation system, including all computation and network effects, is usually not available. Therefore, control engineers have a demand for support when making design decisions for distributed networked automation systems. In this contribution, the authors propose an engineering workflow which allows dealing with the design decisions and the non-functional requirements in an appropriate order, and underpins the need for additional support regarding design alternatives.
Food Plant Operation and Management (FPOM): A Proposed New Program Option (2008)

The objective of this paper is to propose a program option in terms of Food Plant Operation and Management. The option can effectively produce professionals loaded with interdisciplinary knowledge and skills that includes food science, automation and control, quality and environment, and plant management. This paper comprehensively presents the course structure while looking at the modern global food industry needs. California is one of the most productive agricultural areas. Its economy significantly depends on the agriculture and hence the food industries. Since, about 25% of the US agricultural production comes from this state food processing industry is considered as important dynamic sector. The central San Joaquin valley is heading to accommodate more than 3,000 industries thereby claiming to be the worlds largest single factory site. This is the reason why we have taken steps to propose this program option at CSU, Fresno. In recent years, such pressures as operational flexibility, advanced automation, modernization, regulations, quality control and management, and the environmental issues have motivated the food processing industry to search for interdisciplinary technical manpower. Moreover, as new and more complex technologies are created, the role of the technical professionals along with management skills has become important. However, the traditional form of education intended to provide manpower to such industries seems to be stand-alone in nature in the sense that a student usually chooses an option either in food science, plant automation and control, or food business management. What is necessary for them (food industries) is that the availability of well-educated, well-trained, and ready-to-work manpower so that additional in-house, on-the-job training after the hiring would not be required. In order to accommodate the needed attributes there is a pressing need to address a new curriculum structure for the University level undergraduate program.
Chronic Toxicity Study of Dietary Stevia Extracts in F344 Rats (1985)

We fed 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3 and 1% stevia extracts (95.2% purity) to 480 F344 rats for 22 months in the case of males and 24 months in the case of females. At 6 and 12 months, 10 animals of each sex from each group were sacrificed for clinical and pathological tests. The middle dose induced a slight growth retardation in both sexes, but at the high-dose the growth was reduced only transiently. General appearance and behavior were the same in all groups, including the control. Mortality at the end of the study in rats given stevia extracts was not significantly different from that in the controls. At 6 months, a variety of changes were found in the results of urinary, hematological and blood biochemical examinations and in organ weights, but there were no such differences at 12 months or at the end of the experiment. The incidence and severity of non-neoplastic and neoplastic changes were unrelated to the level of stevia extracts in the diet. The highest level of stevia extracts that causes no effects in rats was 550mg/kg, under the conditions of our experiments.
Multiscale simulation of pollution gases adsorption in porous organic cage CC3 (2013)

A general multiscale simulation procedure is proposed to accurately predict the uptakes of pollution gases such as CO2, SO2, H2S, and CO in one of the most investigated porous organic cages CC3 by using a sophisticated force field vdW3 fitted by double hybrid functional (B2PLYP) with a dispersion correction (D3) separately for gas-gas and CC3-gas interactions. The fitted vdW3 was used in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Good comparison with the coupled cluster single and double excitation and the perturbative triples (CCSD(T))/complete basis set (CBS) limit interaction energies make the B2PLYP-D3 results reliable for our purpose. The good agreement of simulated CO2 loading with experimental one and the low deviation in the fitting procedure for H2S and CO make our approach available in predicting gases in novel porous materials.
11.2: Distinguished Paper : VCMaster3D: A New Fourier Optics Viewing Angle Instrument for Characterization of Autostereoscopic 3D Displays. (2009)

Abstract We introduce a new way to characterize auto‐stereoscopic 3D displays using multi‐location viewing angle measurements and calculation of 3D properties in the observer space. We show that a measurement with a very high angular resolution and low parasitic light is needed. A new Fourier optics instrument dedicated to this application is introduced that exhibits a practical angular resolution better than 0.03° for an aperture angle of 50° and a very low level of parasitic light. The specific problem of geometric compensation of 3D displays is examined using multi‐locations measurements from different displays.
Basic Protocols for Drosophila S2 Cell Line (2007)

Cells in culture have been increasingly employed in the dissection of intracellular processes. They are generally easier to handle than the organism of study and certainly less complex, which facilitates testing for specific functions and protein-protein interactions. This chapter will describe the extremely simple steps required to keep a healthy S2 cell culture going.
From Green to Red: Horizontal Gene Transfer of the Phycoerythrin Gene Cluster between Planktothrix Strains (2013)

Horizontal gene transfer is common in cyanobacteria, and transfer of large gene clusters may lead to acquisition of new functions and conceivably niche adaption. In the present study, we demonstrate that horizontal gene transfer between closely related Planktothrix strains can explain the production of the same oligopeptide isoforms by strains of different colors. Comparison of the genomes of eight Planktothrix strains revealed that strains producing the same oligopeptide isoforms are closely related, regardless of color. We have investigated genes involved in the synthesis of the photosynthetic pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, which are responsible for green and red appearance, respectively. Sequence comparisons suggest the transfer of a functional phycoerythrin gene cluster generating a red phenotype in a strain that is otherwise more closely related to green strains. Our data show that the insertion of a DNA fragment containing the 19.7-kb phycoerythrin gene cluster has been facilitated by homologous recombination, also replacing a region of the phycocyanin operon. These findings demonstrate that large DNA fragments spanning entire functional gene clusters can be effectively transferred between closely related cyanobacterial strains and result in a changed phenotype. Further, the results shed new light on the discussion of the role of horizontal gene transfer in the sporadic distribution of large gene clusters in cyanobacteria, as well as the appearance of red and green strains.
Vehicle recognition and tracking using a generic multisensor and multialgorithm fusion approach (2008)

This paper tackles the problem of improving the robustness of vehicle detection for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) applications. Our approach is based on a multisensor and a multialgorithms data fusion for vehicle detection and recognition. Our architecture combines two sensors: a frontal camera and a laser scanner. The improvement of the robustness stems from two aspects. First, we addressed the vision-based detection by developing an original approach based on fine gradient analysis, enhanced with a genetic AdaBoost-based algorithm for vehicle recognition. Then, we use the theory of evidence as a fusion framework to combine confidence levels delivered by the algorithms in order to improve the classification 'vehicle versus non-vehicle'. The final architecture of the system is very modular, generic and flexible in that it could be used for other detection applications or using other sensors or algorithms providing the same outputs. The system was successfully implemented on a prototype vehicle and was evaluated under real conditions and over various multisensor databases and various test scenarios, illustrating very good performances.
Dual-coil vs single-coil active pectoral implantable defibrillator lead systems: defibrillation energy requirements and probability of defibrillation success at multiples of the defibrillation energy requirements (2001)

Dual- and single-coil active pectoral defibrillator systems show no difference in defibrillation energy requirements and no difference in the probability of successful defibrillation at multiples of the minimum defibrillation energy requirement. The use of more simplified defibrillator lead systems may contribute to a future lead design focusing on improvement in lead durability.
Mononuclear and Dinuclear Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes of p-tert-Butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene and p-tert-Butyltetrasulfonylcalix[4]arene: Facile Cleavage of the Calixarene Ligand Framework by Nickel (2008)

The reactivity of p-tert-butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene, [S4CalixBut(OH)4], and p-tert-butyltetrasulfonylcalix[4]arene, [(SO2)4CalixBut(OH)4], toward Mo(PMe3)5H2, Mo(PMe3)6, and W(PMe3)4(eta2-CH2PMe2)H has been used to synthesize a series of mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten calixarene compounds that feature both coordinatively saturated and unsaturated metal centers, such as [S4CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]M(PMe3)3H2 (M = Mo, W), [(SO2)4CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]M(PMe3)3H2, [S4CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]Mo(PMe3)3, [(SO2)4CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]Mo(PMe3)3, and [(SO2)4CalixBut(OH)(O)3]M(PMe3)3H. Comparison with the related {[CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]M} complexes indicates that the chemistry of the system is strongly influenced by the nature of the calixarene linker, that is, CH2, S, and SO2. For example, in contrast to the methylene-bridged calixarene system, the thiacalixarene and sulfonylcalixarene systems readily coordinate a second metal center to form homo- and heterodinuclear complexes, namely {[S4CalixBut(O)4]}[M(PMe3)3H2]2, {[(SO2)4CalixBut(O)4]}[Mo(PMe3)3H2]2 and {[S4CalixBut(O)4]}[Mo(PMe3)3H2][W(PMe3)3H2]. Of most interest, incorporation of nickel into [S4CalixBut(OH)2(O)2]M(PMe3)3H2 using Ni(PMe3)4 results in cleavage of a C- bond to give [(SArButOH)(SArButO)3][M(PMe3)3H2][Ni(PMe3)2], an observation that is of relevance to the role that nickel plays in hydrodesulfurization catalysis.