gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticles produced by laser ablation of solids in liquid environment (2003)

The review of results on nanoparticles formation is presented under laser ablation of Ti, Ag, Au, CdS, and ZnSe solids targets in liquid environments (H<sub>2</sub>O, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, etc.). The use of a high-repetition-rate Cu vapor laser (wavelengths of 510.5 nm, 20 ns pulse duration, repetition rate of 15 kHz) allows high rate of nanoparticles formation as the suspension in the liquid. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV-Vis optical transmission spectrometry, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) characterize the nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles is studied as the function of both laser fluence and nature of the liquid. A theoretical model is derived for evolution of the distribution function of particles size under laser ablation. The influence of laser parameters as well as the nature on the liquid on the properties of nanoparticles is elucidated.
Thermal conductivity of feldspars (1984)

Thermal conductivity of several alkali and plagioclase feldspars has been measured in the temperature range 0.3-500 K. The conductivity between 10 and 100 K is found to decrease by over one order of magnitude from albite to bytownite. In some of the feldspars, the conductivity above 100 K approaches that of the glass of composition Ab50An50, which indicates very strong phonon scattering. It is tentatively suggested that this scattering occurs at lamellar structures with a spacing of tens of Å, which occur within intergrowths in feldspars.
BIOCHEMICAL DEFECTS IN THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS AND THEIR RELATION TO ENDEMIC GOITER (1973)

Journal Article BIOCHEMICAL DEFECTS IN THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS AND THEIR RELATION TO ENDEMIC GOITER Get access Leslie J DeGroot, MD Leslie J DeGroot, MD Thyroid Study Unit, The University of Chicago, The Division of the Biological Sciences and the Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago - Illinois 60637, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 74, Issue 2_Supplement_a, Dec 1973, Pages S34–S44, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.074S034 Published: 01 December 1973
Stability trends ofMAXphases from first principles (2010)

We have developed a systematic method to investigate the phase stability of ${M}_{n+1}A{X}_{n}$ phases, here applied for $M=\text{Sc}$, Ti, V, Cr, or Mn, $A=\text{Al}$, and $X=\text{C}$ or N. Through a linear optimization procedure including all known competing phases, we identify the set of most competitive phases for $n=1--3$ in each system. Our calculations completely reproduce experimental occurrences of stable $MAX$ phases. We also identify and suggest an explanation for the trend in stability as the transition metal is changed across the $3d$ series for both carbon- and nitrogen-based systems. Based on our results, the method can be used to predict stability of potentially existing undiscovered phases.
Characterization of free endogenous C14 and C16 sphingoid bases from Drosophila melanogaster (2004)

Sphingolipid metabolites function as signaling molecules in mammalian cells, influencing cell proliferation, migration, and death. Recently, sphingolipid signaling has been implicated in the regulation of developmental processes in Drosophila melanogaster. However, biochemical analysis of endogenous Drosophila sphingoid bases has not been reported. In this study, a rapid HPLC-based method was developed for the analysis of free sphingoid bases endogenous to Drosophila. Four molecular species of endogenous free sphingoid bases were observed in adult flies and identified as C14 and C16 sphingosine (Sph) and C14 and C16 dihydrosphingosine (DHS). The C14 molecular species were the most prevalent, accounting for approximately 94% of the total free sphingoid bases in adult wild-type flies. An Sph kinase (SK) mutant demonstrated significant accumulation of all four sphingoid bases, whereas a serine palmitoyltransferase mutant demonstrated low but detectable levels. When endogenous sphingoid bases were evaluated at different stages of development, the observed ratio of Sph to DHS increased significantly from early embryo to adulthood. Throughout development, this ratio was significantly lower in the SK mutant as compared with the wild-type. This is the first report describing analysis of free C14 and C16 sphingoid bases from Drosophila. The biochemical characterization of these lipids from mutant models of sphingolipid metabolism should greatly facilitate the analysis of the biological significance of these signaling molecules.
Immunopharmacodynamic Studies of Cyclosporine in Patients Awaiting Renal Transplantation (1995)

The immunopharmacodynamics of cyclosporine were investigated in eight hemodialysis patients awaiting renal transplantation. Cyclosporine was administered orally (10 mg/kg) and intravenously (4 mg/kg), with both administrations separated by at least one week. Plasma samples were processed at 37 degrees C and analyzed for specific cyclosporine and its four major metabolites (AM1, AM1c, AM9, and AM4N) using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the in vitro immunosuppressive activity of these serial plasma samples was estimated as a relative percentage inhibition of third party mitogenic lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. The relationships between concentration and effect of cyclosporine versus time were noted. These results suggest that unchanged cyclosporine concentrations in plasma correlate with mitogen-induced lymphocyte suppression yielding significant immunosuppressant activity of cyclosporine. Control studies with plasma from healthy volunteers spiked with cyclosporine in the concentration range of 0-10,000 ng/mL were developed. A sigmoidal Emax model was fitted to the effect versus plasma concentration data. The ratio of effect versus predicted effect were calculated for intravenous cyclosporine dosing. There was a good correlation between the observed and predicted inhibitory effect.
Genetic deletion of the Nogo receptor does not reduce neurite inhibition in vitro or promote corticospinal tract regeneration in vivo (2005)

Axon regeneration failure in the adult mammalian CNS is attributed in part to the inhibitory nature of CNS myelin. Three myelin-associated, structurally distinct proteins, Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, have been implicated in this inhibition. Neuronal Nogo receptor (NgR) binds to each of the three inhibitors and has been proposed to mediate their inhibitory signals by complexing with a signal-transducing coreceptor, the neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR). To assess the contribution of NgR to mediating myelin inhibitory signals and regeneration failure in vivo, we generated and characterized NgR-deficient mice. Nogo transcripts are up-regulated in NgR mutants, indicating that NgR regulates Nogo in vivo. However, neurite outgrowth from NgR-deficient postnatal dorsal root ganglion or cerebellar granule neurons is inhibited by myelin and by a Nogo-66 substrate to the same extent as is from wild-type neurons, whereas p75(NTR)-deficient neurons are less inhibited. The NgR ligand-binding domain promotes neurite outgrowth on Nogo-66, regardless of the genotype of the neurons, indicating that the NgR ligand-binding domain can act independent of NgR. Thus, NgR is not essential for mediating inhibitory signals from CNS myelin, at least in the neurons tested, whereas p75(NTR) plays a central role in this response. Neither NgR-nor p75(NTR)-deficient mice showed enhanced regeneration of corticospinal tract axons in comparison with wild-type controls after spinal dorsal hemisection. Our results thus fail to support a central role for NgR in axonal growth inhibition in vitro or in corticospinal tract regeneration block in vivo.
Optimization-Based Highway Traffic State Estimation With Bound Guarantees (2018)

Uncertainty about the system behaviour and the sensor measurements hinders reliable traffic state estimation, affecting various transportation operations, especially traffic control and incident detection. This work proposes a systematic, model-based, network-wide and online optimization methodology to achieve traffic state estimation with bound guarantees in the presence of measurement and modelling uncertainties. In other words, the developed methodology yields upper and lower bounds on each system state at the present time-step, which are guaranteed to contain the true state. The proposed methodology solves two optimization problems for each state (minimization/maximization problem yields lower/upper state bounds) over a moving time horizon, with the unknown terms varying freely in the uncertainty set. The methodology is exploited for highway traffic density estimation with bound guarantees, using the Asymmetric Cell Transmission Model. In this context, three novel algorithms of different characteristics are proposed. The first is a Mixed Integer Linear Programming algorithm that accurately implements the proposed methodology. The second derives the convex hull of the model's nonlinear functions, yielding a Linear Programming formulation. The third is a low-complexity heuristic algorithm that finds density bounds for each cell by only considering currently available density bounds on neighbouring cells. Simulation results examine the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and demonstrate that each algorithm provides a different level of tradeoff between solution quality and execution time. <br>
Maximum likelihood inverse reinforcement learning (2014)

Learning desirable behavior from a limited number of demonstrations, also known as inverse reinforcement learning, is a challenging task in machine learning. I apply maximum likelihood estimation to the problem of inverse reinforcement learning, and show that it quickly and successfully identifies the unknown reward function from traces of optimal or near-optimal behavior, under the assumption that the reward function is a linear function of a known set of features. I extend this approach to cover reward functions that are a generalized function of the features, and show that the generalized inverse reinforcement learning approach is a competitive alternative to existing approaches covering the same class of functions, while at the same time, being able to learn the right rewards in cases that have not been covered before. I then apply these tools to the problem of learning from (unlabeled) demonstration trajectories of behavior generated by varying ``intentions'' or objectives. I derive an EM approach that clusters observed trajectories by inferring the objectives for each cluster using any of several possible IRL methods, and then uses the constructed clusters to quickly identify the intent of a trajectory. I present an application of maximum likelihood inverse reinforcement learning to the problem of training an artificial agent to follow verbal instructions representing high-level tasks using a set of instructions paired with demonstration traces of appropriate behavior.
Visualization of Gas-Liquid Interfacial Structure in a Narrow Channel Using Electrical Conductance (2011)

Three-dimensional reconstruction of two-phase interfacial structure in a narrow channel was conducted by using the liquid film thickness and void fraction distributions measured by liquid film sensors. This sensor based on the electrical conductance measurement between the electrodes. A pair of liquid film sensors is installed on the opposing walls of the rectangular flow channel, and the electrical conductance between the electrodes on a sensor and between the sensors was measured. Then, the liquid film thickness on the walls and the void fraction in the narrow gap are obtained in two-dimensional area. The liquid film sensor with a spatial resolution of 2×2 mm2 was applied to measure the air-water two-phase flow in the narrow rectangular channel with a gap of 1.5mm and a width of 32mm. The measured distributions of the liquid film thickness and the void fraction were used to estimate the thickness of the gaseous phase, and the gas-liquid interfacial structure was visualized in bubbly, slug and churn flows.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on 5A Molecular Sieve for Helium Purification of High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (2013)

The adsorption capability of carbon dioxide on 5A molecular sieve (5AMS) was investigated in a fixed-bed apparatus with two-road gas mixing system by dynamic column breakthrough method with helium as the carrier gas for helium purification system of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor(HTGR). Experiments were performed at temperatures of 5 °C∼35 °C and low carbon dioxide partial pressure range of 10∼150 Pa. The carbon dioxide isotherms on 5AMS were well fitted by Dubinin-Radushkevich model and Toth model, and the isosteric heat was determined. Based on mass- transfer zone model, the experimental breakthrough curves for different operating conditions were analyzed.
Catalytic Detoxication of Coal Combustion Gases (1985)

A catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide has been studied in a coal combustion system. Three different catalysts were prepared by impregnating 0.2% platinum on three different types of supports, pellets, ceramic foam and honeycomb. These catalysts have shown an excellent initial activities in the coal combustion system, but they were rapidly deactivated in repeated uses. Among these catalysts ceramic foam has shown to be better than others both in activities and durabilities. The main cause of deactivation seems to be ascribed to poisoning by zinc metal and sulfur compounds and to decrease in platinum surface area by sintering.
GaN-based light emitting devices and crystal growth (2006)

Charge separation due to spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization inherent to the wurtzite structure has deleterious effects on the performance of most C-axis oriented devices. To overcome this problem, nonpolar GaN, such as A-plain and M-plain GaN substrates have been grown by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) at UCSB. Lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) has been demonstrated to be an effective means of eliminating threading dislocations, basal plain stacking faults, and surface pits in A-plain GaN films. Blue LEDs were grown on nonpolar A-plain and M-plain GaN. The blue-shift of the peak emission wavelength with increasing the forward current was decreased dramatically. The turn-on voltage of the LEDs was relatively small. Roughened surface (RS) LEDs have been developed using photo enhanced chemical (PEC) etching. The sapphire substrate was removed by laser lift off
Red clover polyphenol oxidase and lipid metabolism (2010)

Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of milk is acknowledged to be of benefit to consumer health. Despite the high PUFA content of forages, milk fat contains only about 3% of PUFA and only about 0.5% of n-3 fatty acids. This is mainly due to intensive lipid metabolism in the rumen (lipolysis and biohydrogenation) and during conservation (lipolysis and oxidation) such as drying (hay) and ensiling (silage). In red clover, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been suggested to protect lipids against degradation, both in the silage as well as in the rumen, leading to a higher output of PUFA in ruminant products (meat and milk). PPO mediates the oxidation of phenols and diphenols to quinones, which will readily react with nucleophilic binding sites. Such binding sites can be found on proteins, resulting in the formation of protein-bound phenols. This review summarizes the different methods that have been used to assess PPO activity in red clover, and an overview on the current understanding of PPO activity and activation in red clover. Knowledge on these aspects is of major importance to fully harness PPO's lipid-protecting role. Furthermore, we review the studies that evidence PPO-mediated lipid protection and discuss its possible importance in lab-scale silages and further in an in vitro rumen system. It is demonstrated that high (induction of) PPO activity can lead to lower lipolysis in the silage and lower biohydrogenation in the rumen. There are three hypotheses on its working mechanism: (i) protein-bound phenols could directly bind to enzymes (e.g. lipases) as such inhibiting them; (ii) binding of quinones in and between proteins embedded in a lipid membrane (e.g. in the chloroplast) could lead to encapsulation of the lipids; (iii) direct binding of quinones to nucleophilic sites in polar lipids also could lead to protection. There is no exclusive evidence on which mechanism is most important, although there are strong indications that only lipid encapsulation in protein-phenol complexes would lead to an effective protection of lipids against ruminal biohydrogenation. From several studies it has also become apparent that the degree of PPO activation could influence the mode and degree of protection. In conclusion, this review demonstrates that protein-bound phenols and encapsulation in protein-phenol complexes, induced by PPO-mediated diphenol oxidation, could be of interest when aiming to protect lipids against pre-ruminal and ruminal degradation.
Further Investigations With Japanese Beetle Repellents (1939)

Journal Article Further Investigations With Japanese Beetle Repellents Get access H. G. Guy, H. G. Guy Grasselli Pest Control Research Section, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. F. Dietz H. F. Dietz Grasselli Pest Control Research Section, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 32, Issue 2, 1 April 1939, Pages 248–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/32.2.248 Published: 01 April 1939
Flexible High Power GaN Amplifiers (2011)

This paper describes a fast envelope-trackin g circuit capable of 10 MHz (up to 17.5 MHz) bandwidth based on RF GaN switching devices and 50 MHz switching frequency. The efficiency of the VHF converter is 84% to 90% which is comparable to a conventional DCIDC converter for spaceborne application. A demonstrator has been built and mated with a RF GaN HEMT output stage. The CII measurement for lO-12W RF output power close to saturation show a linearity improvement by 5-8d8 and an efficiency improvement of up to 8 points when compared to the case of no tracking circuit. Index Terms - SSPA, HPA, envelope-trackin g, HPA, GaN technology, DCIDC converter.
Modelling and simulation of gas turbines (2013)

Today, gas turbines (GTs) are one of the major parts of modern industry. They have played a key role in aeronautical industry, power generation, and main mechanical drivers for large pumps and compressors. Modelling and simulation of GTs has always been a powerful tool for performance optimisation of this kind of equipment. Remarkable research activities have been carried out in this field and a variety of analytical and experimental models have been built so far to get in-depth understanding of the non-linear behaviour and complex dynamics of these systems. However, the need to develop accurate and reliable models of gas turbines for different objectives and applications has been a strong motivation for researchers to continue to work in this area. This paper focuses on major research activities which have been carried out so far in the field of modelling and simulation of gas turbines. It covers main white-box and black-box models and their applications in control systems. This study can be a good reference for current and prospective researchers who are working or planning to work in this fascinating area of research.
Multiple Roles of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy (2012)

We believe that the present data support a possible role for CDK4/6 inhibitors in a majority of patients with advanced cancer: to either inhibit tumor growth in CDK4/6-dependent tumors or ameliorate the dose-limiting toxicities of chemotherapy in CDK4/6-indepdendent tumors. Our data also suggest CDK4/6 inhibitors should not be combined with DNA-damaging therapies, such as carboplatin, to treat tumors that require CDK4/6 activity for proliferation.
Metagenomic chromosome conformation capture (meta3C) unveils the diversity of chromosome organization in microorganisms (2014)

Genomic analyses of microbial populations in their natural environment remain limited by the difficulty to assemble full genomes of individual species. Consequently, the chromosome organization of microorganisms has been investigated in a few model species, but the extent to which the features described can be generalized to other taxa remains unknown. Using controlled mixes of bacterial and yeast species, we developed meta3C, a metagenomic chromosome conformation capture approach that allows characterizing individual genomes and their average organization within a mix of organisms. Not only can meta3C be applied to species already sequenced, but a single meta3C library can be used for assembling, scaffolding and characterizing the tridimensional organization of unknown genomes. By applying meta3C to a semi-complex environmental sample, we confirmed its promising potential. Overall, this first meta3C study highlights the remarkable diversity of microorganisms chromosome organization, while providing an elegant and integrated approach to metagenomic analysis.
Study of effective transport properties of fresh and aged gas diffusion layers (2015)

Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) play an important role in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for the diffusion of reactant and the removal of product water. In the current study fresh and aged GDLs (Sigracet® GDL34BC) were investigated by X-ray computed tomography to obtain a representative 3D image of the real GDL structure. The examined GDL samples are taken from areas located under the flow channel and under the land. Additionally, a brand new Sigracet® GDL34BC was taken as a reference sample in order to find out the impact of fuel cell assembly on GDL. The produced 3D image data were used to calculate effective transport properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity, diffusivity, permeability and capillary pressure curves of the dry and partially saturated GDL. The simulation indicates flooding by product water occurs at contact angles lower than 125° depending on sample porosity. In addition, GDL anisotropy significantly affects the permeability as well as thermal and electrical conductivities. The calculated material bulk properties could be next used as input for CFD modelling of PEM fuel cells where GDL is usually assumed layer-like and homogeneous. Tensor material parameters allow to consider GDL anisotropy and lead to more realistic results.
MXene Ti3C2: An Effective 2D Light-to-Heat Conversion Material (2017)

MXene, a new series of 2D material, has been steadily advancing its applications to a variety of fields, such as catalysis, supercapacitor, molecular separation, electromagnetic wave interference shielding. This work reports a carefully designed aqueous droplet light heating system along with a thorough mathematical procedure, which combined leads to a precise determination of internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of a variety of nanomaterials. The internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of MXene, more specifically Ti3C2, was measured to be 100%, indicating a perfect energy conversion. Furthermore, a self-floating MXene thin membrane was prepared by simple vacuum filtration and the membrane, in the presence of a rationally chosen heat barrier, produced a light-to-water-evaporation efficiency of 84% under one sun irradiation, which is among the state of art energy efficiency for similar photothermal evaporation system. The outstanding internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency and great light-to-water evaporation efficiency reported in this work suggest that MXene is a very promising light-to-heat conversion material and thus deserves more research attention toward practical applications.