gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation as a Rheology Modifier and a Potential Cause of Explosions in Oiland Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids (2007)

In drilling directional and horizontal wells, the oil and synthetic-based drilling fluids are required to exhibit high viscosity at low shear rates to properly suspend the weighting materials and drilling cuttings and to prevent sag and settling of weighting materials. This can be achieved by employing different rheology modifiers such as dimeric and trimeric fatty acids, imidazolines, amides, and synthetic polymers. Moreover, the safety of the drilling operation has been one of the main concerns of drilling companies.Since oil and synthetic-based drilling muds are widely used in high pressure high temperature wells, a set of drilling fluids commonly used in Western Canada were examined to study the effect of long exposure of the drilling mud with air. They consist of three oil base liquids (Diesel, Drillsol, and Distillate) and one synthetic base liquid (Envirodrill) together with water scavengers, viscosifiers, wetting materials, fluid loss controllers, and weighting materials. The drilling fluids were aged in stationary reactors in the presence of one charge of air for 52 hours at 150°C and 13.5 MPa initial pressure.This paper presents the results related to changes in rheological properties and occurrence of explosion in the drilling fluids employed. The results at different shear rates, ranging from ultra low shear rates to high shear rates, are presented. It is shown that the aged drilling fluid systems exhibited a tremendous increase in viscosity at ultra-low shear rates and relatively low increases at medium and high shear rates. Furthermore, the amounts of solids precipitated in the base liquids were correlated with the mononuclear aromatics content. While rapid heat releases or explosions in the synthetic-based drilling fluids were observed with 0.5 – 1.6 hours induction delay times with gradual increase in liquid phase temperature, oil-based systems were safe under the conditions tested.These experimental results imply that oxidation serves as a rheology modifier and induction delay time can be used as a warning parameter for an impeding explosion. Moreover, the impact of each chemical on the extent of increasing the viscosity and the occurrence of explosion is given.
Structural determination of two new acacic acid-type saponins from the stem barks of Albizia zygia (DC.) J. F. Macbr (2018)

As a continuation of our interest in the study of triterpenoid saponins from Albizia zygia, phytochemical investigation of its stem barks led to the isolation of two new oleanane-type saponins, named zygiaosides C-D (1-2). Their structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR (1H-, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC) experiments, HRESIMS studies, and by chemical evidence as, 3-O-[ β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-[(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-(β-d-quinovopyranosyl) octa-2,7-dienoyl]acacic acid 28-O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3- O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2) -[ β-d-fucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-[(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-(β-D-quinovopyranosyl) octa-2,7-dienoyl]acacic acid 28-O-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (2).
<title>Microwave warming of biological tissue and its control by IR fiber thermometry</title> (1991)

The fiber-optic radiometric thermometry of surfaces with non-uniform temperature distribution was analyzed theoretically and optimization of fibers positioning was considered. An infrared fiber-optic multi-channel radiometer was used to monitor and control the temperature of samples in a microwave (MW) heating system. Several heater control algorithms were investigated and the optimal control mode was obtained. Preliminary results of biological tissue warming by microwave heating were obtained. This novel control system is reliable and precise. Such a system should be very useful for medical and industrial applications.
Construção de um mapa genético referência para o gênero Eucalyptus baseado em marcadores microssatélite. (2008)

Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T13:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1\ntales1999.pdf: 34941745 bytes, checksum: 106e97377036657e4e39d5cde182ad45 (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2008-01-29
How to make theoretically passive reduced-order models passive in practice (2002)

This paper demonstrates that, in general, implementations of circuit reduction methods can produce unstable and nonpassive models even when such outcomes are theoretically proven to be impossible. The reason for this apparent contradiction is the numeric roundoff inherent in any finite-precision computer implementation. This paper introduces a new variant of the symmetric, multiport, Pade via Lanczos algorithm (SyMPVL) that, even in practice, is guaranteed to produce stable and passive models for all the circuits characterized by pairs of symmetric, positive semidefinite matrices. The algorithm is based on a new band Lanczos process with coupled recurrences. A number of circuit examples are used to illustrate the results.
Multi-stage decimation filter design technique for high-resolution sigma-delta A/D converters (1992)

A design technique for a multistage halfband decimation filter structure to enhance the effective resolutions of sigma-delta ( Sigma - Delta ) analog-to-digital (A/D) converters is discussed. In particular, a series of six halfband filters is implemented to obtain more than 18 bits of effective resolution from a digital signal with 12-bit effective resolution. Since this multistage structure is flexible to change the filter design specification, the number of stages in the decimation process can be adjusted to fit the needs for a specific application. By taking advantage of the oversampling methodology and third-order noise shaping by the Sigma -D modulator, more than 120 dB of SNR can be achieved. The theoretical analysis and experimental results with a currently available Sigma - Delta converter are also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Variables That Affect Assays for Plasma Cytokines and Soluble Activation Markers (1999)

Cytokines and soluble immune activation markers that reflect cytokine activities in vivo are increasingly being measured in plasma, serum, and other body fluids. They provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information as well as insight into disease pathogenesis. Assays of neopterin, beta2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II as well as of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were evaluated by using serum and plasma samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative subjects. Many factors were found to influence the outcomes of these assays. Substantial differences in apparent levels of analytes were frequently found when enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits from different manufacturers were used. In some cases, differences were found in the standards provided by separate manufacturers. Furthermore, the analytic results from different lots of ELISA kits supplied by single manufacturers differed by as much as 50%. The need for uniformity in the standards for quantitative assays was clearly illustrated. International reference standards are available for cytokines but not for soluble cytokine receptors or soluble activation markers. Marker levels in serum or in plasma were similar except those for IFN-gamma. Most of the analytes were stable under several storage conditions. Thus, batch testing of frozen stored samples is feasible. The findings indicate that for longitudinal studies, the levels of cytokines and immune activation markers in plasma or serum should be measured by using preverified reagents from one manufacturer. The quality of laboratory performance can have an impact on clinical relevance. Proficiency testing and external quality assurance programs can help to develop the needed consensus.
A Full Law (2001)

The following article is an extract from Cultural and Spiritual Values of Bio-diversity: A Complementary Contribution to the Global Biodiversity Assessment, edited by Darrell Posey. This edition sets out an encyclopedic range of issues relating to Indigenous and intellectual property law.
Dominance Relationships in Mixedly Infected Bacillus subtilis (1972)

The progeny released from Bacillus subtilis cells mixedly infected with bacteriophages beta22, SP82, and SP02(c1) have been studied at varying multiplicities of infection and orders of addition and with different host strains of the bacterium. In B. subtilis 168, SP02(c1) was subordinate to both SP82 and beta22 and did not yield significant numbers of progeny even when added 5 min before the superior phage. Dominance in mixed infections of beta22 and SP82 was host-dependent. In B. subtilis 168, SP82 was dominant and greatly reduced the yield of beta22 if added simultaneously or before the subordinate partner. However, in the same mixed infection in B. subtilis SB11, beta22 was the dominant phage and totally suppressed the production of SP82 even when added 5 min after the latter.
Isotypes of rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic liver diseases (2002)

Abstract We studied isotype-specific rheumatoid factors (RFs) to clarify their significance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to verify the difference in RF isotypes between RA and chronic liver diseases (CLD). Isotype-specific RFs in RA and in CLD were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Most sera (n = 51, 94.1%) from RA patients contained some kind of RF isotypes (92.1% for IgM RF, 76.4% for IgG RF, and 43.1% for IgA RF), and seronegative RA by ELISA was seen in only 11.8% (n = 6). The most characteristic combination of RF isotypes in active RA was IgG, IgA, and IgM. This combination of RF isotypes changed to IgG plus IgM, according to the diminution of RA activity; then, we found only IgM RF in inactive RA. The titers of each RF isotype also decreased in parallel with the activity of RA. IgA RF seemed to be the most sensitive factor for evaluating the activity of RA. In CLD, almost the same high frequency (n = 49, 89.8% for IgM RF, 59.2% for IgG RF), with the same titer levels seen in RA, was observed. On the other hand, IgA RF was significantly lower in frequency (n = 9, 18.4%) and in titer, compared with the finding in RA. Surprisingly, even in CLD, true seronegativity by ELISA was also found in very few patients (n = 4, 8.1%). In CLD, positive RFs detected by agglutination assay were seen more often in chronic hepatitis than in liver cirrhosis. In RA patients, significant associations of IgA RF and the serum concentration of IgA, and IgG RF and the serum concentration of IgG, were observed. On the other hand, in CLD patients, significant associations of IgG RF and the serum IgG concentration, and of IgM RF and the serum IgM concentration, were observed. These results indicated that IgA RF in active RA is the most characteristic RF isotype distinguishing it from other nonrheumatic diseases, as well as from inactive RA. RF isotypes reflected the background polyclonal B-cell activation in different manners in both diseases. In CLD, RF isotypes seemed to be disease-related immunological disorders reflecting disease progression.
Effects of green tea and black tea on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone bioactivation, DNA methylation, and lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. (1994)

Previous studies in our laboratory showed that decaffeinated green tea and black tea extracts inhibited 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced tumorigenicity in A/J female mice. In order to understand the mechanism of the inhibitory action, we examined the effects of decaffeinated green tea, black tea, and tea components on the metabolic activation of NNK in vitro and in vivo in this animal model. When added to incubation mixtures containing mouse lung microsomes, decaffeinated green tea and black tea extracts and their fractions, at concentrations up to 0.4 mg/ml, inhibited NNK oxidation and NNK-induced DNA methylation. Among the tea components examined, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate was the most potent inhibitor with 50% inhibitory concentrations of about 0.12 mM for both NNK oxidation and DNA methylation. At these concentrations, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited the catalytic activities of several P450 enzymes and was more potent against P450 1A and 2B1 than 2E1. When decaffeinated green or black tea extracts were given to female A/J mice as the sole source of drinking fluid before an i.p. injection of NNK (100 mg/kg body weight), a statistically significant inhibition of lung DNA methylation, however, was not observed, although a significant reduction in lung tumor multiplicity was observed. The results suggest that, although inhibition of the metabolic activation of NNK and the subsequent DNA alkylation by tea extracts can be demonstrated in vitro, this mechanism may not be important for the inhibitory action of tea against lung tumorigenesis.
Convergence, error analysis and longtime behavior of the Scalar\n Auxiliary Variable method for the nonlinear Schr\\"odinger equation (2020)

We carry out the convergence analysis of the Scalar Auxiliary Variable (SAV)\nmethod applied to the nonlinear Schr\\"odinger equation which preserves a\nmodified Hamiltonian on the discrete level. We derive a weak and strong\nconvergence result, establish second-order global error bounds and present long\ntime error estimates on the modified Hamiltonian. In addition, we illustrate\nthe favorable energy conservation of the SAV method compared to classical\nsplitting schemes in certain applications.\n
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Diazapyrenes via Bischler–Napieralski Reaction (2019)

Via Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of amide precursors as the key step, a series of diazapyrene derivatives were designed and successfully synthesized. Their crystal structures, optoelectronic properties, and acid-responsive feature were investigated, which demonstrated that the doping of nitrogen atoms to the pyrene framework remarkably modulates their physical and chemical properties.
Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources: From Electron Beams to Energy Conversion and Optophononics (2014)

Carbon nanotubes have a host of properties that make them excellent candidates for electron emitters. A significant amount of research has been conducted on nanotube-based field-emitters over the past two decades, and they have been investigated for devices ranging from flat-panel displays to vacuum tubes and electron microscopes. Other electron emission mechanisms from carbon nanotubes, such as photoemission, secondary emission, and thermionic emission, have also been studied, although to a lesser degree than field-emission. This paper presents an overview of the topic, with emphasis on these less-explored mechanisms, although field-emission is also discussed. We will see that not only is electron emission from nanotubes promising for electron-source applications, but also its study could reveal unusual phenomena and open the door to new devices that are not directly related to electron beams.
Performance Measurement of Mining Equipments by Utilizing OEE (2011)

Over the past century, open pit mines have steadily increased their production rate by using larger equipments which require intensive capital investment. Low commodity prices have forced companies to decrease their unit cost by improving productivity. One way to improve productivity is to utilize equipment as effectively as possible. Therefore, the accurate estimation of equipment effectiveness is very important so that it can be increased. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a well-known measurement method, which combines availability, performance and quality, for the evaluation of equipment effectiveness in manufacturing industry. However, there isn’t any study in literature about how to use this metric for mining equipments such as shovel, truck, drilling machine etc. This paper will discuss the application of OEE to measure effectiveness of mining equipment. It identifies causes of time losses for shovel and truck operations and introduces procedure to record time losses. The procedure to estimate OEE of shovels and trucks has also been presented via numerical example.
Precise marker excision system using an animal‐derived piggyBac transposon in plants (2013)

Accurate and effective positive marker excision is indispensable for the introduction of desired mutations into the plant genome via gene targeting (GT) using a positive/negative counter selection system. In mammals, the moth-derived piggyBac transposon system has been exploited successfully to eliminate a selectable marker from a GT locus without leaving a footprint. Here, we present evidence that the piggyBac transposon also functions in plant cells. To demonstrate the use of the piggyBac transposon for effective marker excision in plants, we designed a transposition assay system that allows the piggyBac transposition to be visualized as emerald luciferase (Eluc) luminescence in rice cells. The Eluc signal derived from piggyBac excision was observed in hyperactive piggyBac transposase-expressing rice calli. Polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot analyses and sequencing revealed the efficient and precise transposition of piggyBac in these calli. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the excision of a selection marker from a reporter locus in T0 plants without concomitant re-integration of the transposon and at a high frequency (44.0% of excision events), even in the absence of negative selection.
Characterization of new psychoactive substances by integrating benchtop NMR to multi‐technique databases (2022)

New psychoactive substances (NPS) have become a serious threat for public health due to their ability to be sold in the street or on internet. NPS are either derived from commercial drugs which are misused (recreational rather than medical use) or whose structure is slightly modified. To regulate NPS, it is essential to accurately characterize them, either to recognize molecules that were previously identified or to quickly elucidate the structure of unknown ones. Most approaches rely on the determination of the exact mass obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry requiring expensive equipment. This motivated us to develop a workflow in which the elucidation is assisted with databases and does not need the exact mass. This workflow combines 1D and 2D NMR measurements performed on a benchtop spectrometer with IR spectroscopy, for creating a multi-technique database to characterize pure and mixed NPS. The experimental database was created with 57 entries mostly coming from seizures, mainly cathinones, cannabinoids, amphetamines, arylcyclohexylamines, and fentanyl. A blind validation of the workflow was carried out on a set of six unknown seizures. In the first three cases, AF, AB-FUBINACA, and a mixture of 2C-I and 2C-E could be straightforwardly identified with the help of their reference spectra in the database. The two next samples were elucidated for the first time with the help of the database to reveal NEK and MPHP substances. Finally, a precise quantification of each characterized NPS was obtained in order to track NPS trafficking networks.
Two-Dimensional Localization in Thin Copper Films (1981)

Resistance measurements have been made on low-resistivity thin Cu films (50-500 \AA{}) between 1 and 20 K. A logarithmic temperature dependence of the resistance is observed. For a resistance per square of $R&lt;20$ \ensuremath{\Omega}/\ensuremath{\square}, good agreement is obtained with the localization theory. The amplitude of the resistance variation and its large magnetic-field dependence exclude possible Coulomb-interaction effects predicted by Altshuler et al. as the main source of the observed behavior.
The Mobility Concept of Care-O-bot 3 (2008)

Next generation service robots impose high requirements on the employed mobility concepts. Usage in and manipulation of man-made environments requires high flexibility. The aspect of commercialization puts a limit to available computational performance and acceptable power consumption. Finally, aspects as the robustness on different, changing grounds and uneven terrain have to be considered. This work gives an in-depth view on the omnidirectional, non-holonomic, mobile base of Care-Obot 3. The mechanical structure and the resulting kinematic constraints of the mobile base are addressed. The problem of wheel coordination - intrinsic to the employed kind of mobile base with four steerable standard wheels - and its implications on the applied control method are highlighted. A control scheme - based on a spherical ICM representation - is outlined and the resulting control structure is particularized for the Care-O-bot 3 system.
The House Dust Mite Major Allergen Der p 23 Displays O-Glycan-Independent IgE Reactivities but No Chitin-Binding Activity (2015)

Our findings highlighted important levels of Der p 23 sensitizations in Thailand. Our study clearly suggested that rDer p 23 is likely more appropriate for HDM allergy component-resolved diagnosis than HDM extracts.
The effect of prenatal androgen exposure on sexual differentiation and postnatal growth in beef cattle (1984)

Masculinization of the female fetus by administration of androgens has been studied in domestic and many laboratory species. Research concerned with cattle has been based solely on neonatal examination of the genital structures; no studies have reported on postnatal growth and development of androgenized offspring. In the present study, pregnant cows were treated with l 7α-methyl-testosterone (MET, 250 mg/d, sq) from day 40 through 60 of gestation to induce virilization of female fetuses. Control cows received no treatment. At parturition, the phenotypic characteristics of each calf were recorded, including birth weight, ano-genital distance and the appearance of the external genitalia. Calves were weighed every 28 days, and the effects of sex and age on body weight were determined. Blood serum was obtained twice weekly from female calves beginning at ≃230 days of age. Serum was analyzed for progesterone (P₄) concentration by radioimmunoassay and the P₄ profiles were used to estimate the age at puberty and estrous cycle lengths. At 4, 8 and 12 months of age blood samples were collected every 15 min for 12 h from three male, female and androgenized female calves. Serum was analyzed for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyroxine (T₄) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Visual examination of female calves born after MET exposure revealed that no external vulval opening was present; a penis, prepuce and scrotum had developed and gonads were not palpable in the scrotum. Mean birth weights were similar among male, untreated female and androgenized female calves, whereas weanling and yearling weights were greater (P < .07) in males and androgenized females than in untreated females. Androgen exposure did not affect the initiation or length of estrous cycles in female calves, however, puberty occurred at an earlier age (P < .05) compared with untreated heifers. Concentrations of GH in serum from androgenized female calves were generally lower than both males and untreated females, whereas concentrations of PRL and T₄ were similar to those of control female calves.