gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Anisatin: A Neurotoxic Sesquiterpenoid Possessing a Novel Spiro β‐Lactone. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Facile Synthesis of 3,4-Dialkoxythiophenes (1996)

Abstract Dialkylation of diethyl 3,4-dihydroxythiophenedicarboxylate followed by ester hydrolysis and acid decarboxylation provides a general route to 3,4-dialkoxythiophenes.
A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SINGLE-WELL STEAM ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE PROCESS (SW-SAGD) (2001)

Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an effective method to produce heavy oil and bitumen which are important energy resources. In a typical SAGD approach, steam is injected into a horizontal well located directly above a horizontal producer helping to displace heated oil. Single-well (SW) SAGD attempts to create a similar process using only one horizontal well. To improve early-time response of SW-SAGD, it is necessary to heat the near-wellbore area to reduce oil viscosity and allow gravity drainage to begin. Ideally heating should occur with minimal circulation or bypassing of steam. We have investigated early-time processes to improve reservoir heating. A numerical simulation study was performed to gauge combinations of cyclic steam injection and steam circulation prior to SAGD in an effort to better understand and improve early-time performance. Results from this study, include cumulative recoveries, temperature distributions, and production rates. It is found that cyclic steaming of the reservoi...
Rutin is a potent senomorphic agent to target senescent cells and can improve chemotherapeutic efficacy (2023)

Aging is a major risk factor for most chronic disorders, for which cellular senescence is one of the central hallmarks. Senescent cells develop the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which significantly contributes to organismal aging and age-related disorders. Development of senotherapeutics, an emerging class of therapeutic agents to target senescent cells, allows to effectively delay aging and alleviate chronic pathologies. Here we report preliminary outputs from screening of a natural medicinal agent (NMA) library for senotherapeutic candidates and validated several agents with prominent potential as senomorphics. Rutin, a phytochemical constituent found in a number of plants, showed remarkable capacity in targeting senescent cells by dampening expression of the full spectrum SASP. Further analysis indicated that rutin restrains the acute stress-associated phenotype (ASAP) by specifically interfering with the interactions of ATM with HIF1α, a master regulator of cellular and systemic homeostasis activated during senescence, and of ATM with TRAF6, part of a key signaling axis supporting the ASAP development toward the SASP. Conditioned media produced by senescent stromal cells enhanced the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells, including in vitro proliferation, migration, invasion, and more importantly, chemoresistance, while rutin remarkably downregulated these gain-of-functions. Although classic chemotherapy reduced tumor progression, the treatment outcome was substantially improved upon combination of a chemotherapeutic agent with rutin. Our study provides a proof of concept for rutin as an emerging natural senomorphic agent, and presents an effective therapeutic avenue for alleviating age-related pathologies including cancer.
Increased Excitability of Acidified Skeletal Muscle (2005)

Generation of the action potentials (AP) necessary to activate skeletal muscle fibers requires that inward membrane currents exceed outward currents and thereby depolarize the fibers to the voltage threshold for AP generation. Excitability therefore depends on both excitatory Na+ currents and inhibitory K+ and Cl- currents. During intensive exercise, active muscle loses K+ and extracellular K+ ([K+]o) increases. Since high [K+]o leads to depolarization and ensuing inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and loss of excitability in isolated muscles, exercise-induced loss of K+ is likely to reduce muscle excitability and thereby contribute to muscle fatigue in vivo. Intensive exercise, however, also leads to muscle acidification, which recently was shown to recover excitability in isolated K(+)-depressed muscles of the rat. Here we show that in rat soleus muscles at 11 mM K+, the almost complete recovery of compound action potentials and force with muscle acidification (CO2 changed from 5 to 24%) was associated with reduced chloride conductance (1731 +/- 151 to 938 +/- 64 microS/cm2, P < 0.01) but not with changes in potassium conductance (405 +/- 20 to 455 +/- 30 microS/cm2, P < 0.16). Furthermore, acidification reduced the rheobase current by 26% at 4 mM K+ and increased the number of excitable fibers at elevated [K+]o. At 11 mM K+ and normal pH, a recovery of excitability and force similar to the observations with muscle acidification could be induced by reducing extracellular Cl- or by blocking the major muscle Cl- channel, ClC-1, with 30 microM 9-AC. It is concluded that recovery of excitability in K(+)-depressed muscles induced by muscle acidification is related to reduction in the inhibitory Cl- currents, possibly through inhibition of ClC-1 channels, and acidosis thereby reduces the Na+ current needed to generate and propagate an AP. Thus short term regulation of Cl- channels is important for maintenance of excitability in working muscle.
One-Head Near-Field Writing/Erasing on a Rewritable Dual-Layer Optical Disk Having High-Index Cover and Separation Layers (2011)

Near-field writing and erasing on a rewritable dual-layer optical disk with a single solid immersion lens (SIL) optical head is demonstrated for the first time. A novel beam expander enabled access to both information layers of the disk without exchanging two individual optical heads. A rewritable dual-layer disk having high-index ( n =1.8) cover and separation layers was newly developed. By using the SIL optical system and the disk, an effective numerical aperture (NA) of 1.42 is achieved and a recording capacity of 180 Gbyte for the dual-layer rewritable disk is expected.
A Lego- Brick Approach to Lossy Source Coding (2022)

Coding schemes for the lossy source coding problem are developed starting from point-to-point channel codes that are designed for symmetric channels. Bounds on the attained average distortion of the coding schemes are derived in terms of the parameters of the point-to-point channel codes. Assuming that the constituent channel codes satisfy some properties on the rate, the error probability and the input-output distribution of the decoding functions, the performance guarantees hold irrespective of other properties of the codes. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed coding schemes achieve the rate-distortion bound, provided that the constituent codes are rate-optimal. This would allow one to leverage commercial off-the-shelf codes for point-to-point symmetric channels in the practical implementation of lossy source codes.
WI‐PHI: A weighted yeast interactome enriched for direct physical interactions (2007)

How is the yeast proteome wired? This important question, central in yeast systems biology, remains unanswered in spite of the abundance of protein interaction data from high-throughput experiments. Unfortunately, these large-scale studies show striking discrepancies in their results and coverage such that biologists scrutinizing the "interactome" are often confounded by a mix of established physical interactions, functional associations, and experimental artifacts. This stimulated early attempts to integrate the available information and produce a list of protein interactions ranked according to an estimated functional reliability. The recent publication of the results of two large protein interaction experiments and the completion of a comprehensive literature curation effort has more than doubled the available information on the wiring of the yeast proteome. This motivates a fresh approach to the compilation of a yeast interactome based purely on evidence of physical interaction. We present a procedure exploiting both heuristic and probabilistic strategies to draft the yeast interactome taking advantage of various heterogeneous data sources: application of tandem affinity purification coupled to MS (TAP-MS), large-scale yeast two-hybrid studies, and results of small-scale experiments stored in dedicated databases. The end result is WI-PHI, a weighted network encompassing a large majority of yeast proteins.
Oxygen carrying capacity of completely artificial red blood cell substitute : Liposome-embedded-heme (1990)

oxygen carrier
Schwann cells genetically modified to secrete human BDNF promote enhanced axonal regrowth across transected adult rat spinal cord (1998)

The infusion of BDNF and NT-3 into Schwann cell (SC) grafts promotes regeneration of brainstem neurones into the grafts placed in adult rat spinal cord transected at T8 (Xu et al., 1995b). Here, we compared normal SCs with SCs genetically modified to secrete human BDNF, grafted as trails 5 mm long in the cord distal to a transection site and also deposited in the transection site, for their ability to stimulate supraspinal axonal regeneration beyond the injury. SCs were infected with the replication-deficient retroviral vector pL(hBDNF)RNL encoding the human preproBDNF cDNA. The amounts of BDNF secreted (as detected by ELISA) were 23 and 5 ng/24 h per 106 cells for infected and normal SCs, respectively. Biological activity of the secreted BDNF was confirmed by retinal ganglion cell bioassay. The adult rat spinal cord was transected at T8. The use of Hoechst prelabelled SCs demonstrated that trails were maintained for a month. In controls, no SCs were grafted. One month after grafting, axons were present in SC trails. More 5-HT-positive and some DbetaH-positive fibres were observed in the infected vs. normal SC trails. When Fast Blue was injected 5 mm below the transection site (at the end of the trail), as many as 135 retrogradely labelled neurones could be found in the brainstem, mostly in the reticular and raphe nuclei (normal SCs, up to 22, mostly in vestibular nuclei). Numerous neurones were labelled in the ventral hypothalamus (normal SCs, 0). Also, following Fast Blue injection, a mean of 138 labelled cells was present in dorsal root ganglia (normal SCs, 46) and spinal cord (39 vs. 32) rostral to the transection. No labelled spinal neurones rostral to the transection were seen when SCs were not transplanted. Thus, the transplantation of SCs secreting increased amounts of BDNF improved the regenerative response across a transection site in the thoracic cord. Moreover, the enhanced regeneration observed with infected SCs may be specific as the largest response was from neurones known to express trkB.
Effect of inter‐swallow interval on striated esophagus peristalsis; a comparative study with smooth muscleesophagus (2023)

Striated esophagus peristalsis is subject to manometrically observed inhibition during swallows with ultra-short intervals. Inter-swallow intervals as short as 5 s that inhibit smooth muscle esophagus peristalsis do not inhibit striated muscle peristalsis. The mechanisms of these observations are unknown but may relate to central or myenteric nervous system influences or the effects of pharyngeal biomechanics.
Preclinical Assessment of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transduction in Long-Term Marrow Cultures (1996)

Long-term marrow cultures (LTMCs) were established from 27 human marrows. Hematopoietic cells were subjected to multiple rounds of exposure to retroviral vectors during 3 weeks of culture. Seven different retroviral vectors were evaluated. LTMCs were assessed for viability, replication-competent retrovirus, progenitors capable of proliferating in immune-deficient mice, and gene transfer. The average number of adherent cells and committed granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) recovered from LTMCs was 28% and 11% of the input totals, respectively. There was no evidence by marker rescue assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of replication-competent virus production during LTMC. No toxicity to cellular proliferation due to the transduction procedure was observed. The adherent layers of LTMCs exposed to retroviral vectors were positive for proviral DNA by PCR and by Southern blot analysis. Fifty-three percent of 1,427 individual CFU-GM from transduced LTMC adherent layers were positive for vector-derived DNA. For neocontaining vectors, the average G418 resistance was 28% of 1,393 LTMC-derived CFU-GM. Forty percent of 187 tissues from 30 immune-deficient mice injected with human LTMC cells were positive for human DNA 4-5 weeks after adoptive transfer. These studies indicate that multiple exposures of human LTMCs to retroviral vectors result in consistent and reproducible LTMC viability and gene transfer into committed progenitors. Our results further support the use of transduced LTMC cells in clinical trials of hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer.
Formulation of protein–polyphenol particles for applications in food systems (2020)

Consumers are demanding healthy nutritious foods rich in protein (both plant and animal) and biologically-active phytochemicals from plants, which can help the body to sustain a stronger immune system and fight against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the conditions required to enhance the concentration of bioactive phenolics and protein in aggregate particles formed with whey or rice protein isolates and polyphenol-rich berry juices (cranberry and blueberry), and to evaluate properties associated with food structural functionality and stability. Different protein concentrations (10, 15 and 20% w/w) and mixing durations were tested in order to study their effects on particle formation. Addition of juices significantly increased the aggregation of whey proteins in suspensions at pH 4.5, resulting in a trimodal distribution of protein-polyphenol particles: sizes at 5 μm, 30 μm, and above 100 μm. However, the addition of polyphenol-rich juices did not markedly alter aggregation or particle size distribution for rice proteins, as compared to rice protein particles formed with imitation juice. The particles formed with 10% w/w whey protein and blueberry juice yielded the highest total phenolic (27 mg g-1 particle) and protein content (805 mg g-1 particle); therefore, only 25 g of protein-polyphenol particles delivered simultaneously 20 g of protein, and the equivalent blueberry polyphenols (∼0.64 g total polyphenolics) in two servings (150 g) of blueberries. Particles formed with whey protein and blueberry juice significantly improved foam stability and drainage half-life. Protein-polyphenol particles can be designed as ingredients to stabilize food structures and to increase delivery of health protective polyphenols and proteins in the diet.
Dissolution of arterial platelet thrombi in vivo with a bifunctional platelet GPIIIa49-66 ligand which specifically targets the platelet thrombus (2010)

Patients with HIV-1 immune-related thrombocytopenia have a unique antibody (Ab) against integrin GPIIIa49-66 capable of inducing oxidative platelet fragmentation via Ab activation of platelet nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and 12-lipoxygenase releasing reactive oxygen species. Using a phage display single-chain antibody (scFv) library, we developed a novel human monoclonal scFv Ab against GPIIIa49-66 (named A11) capable of inducing fragmentation of activated platelets. In this study, we investigated the in vivo use of A11. We show that A11 does not induce significant thrombocytopenia or inhibit platelet function. A11 can prevent the cessation of carotid artery flow produced by induced artery injury and dissolve the induced thrombus 2 hours after cessation of blood flow. In addition, A11 can prevent, as well as ameliorate, murine middle cerebral artery stroke, without thrombocytopenia or brain hemorrhage. To further optimize the antithrombotic activity of A11, we produced a bifunctional A11-plasminogen first kringle agent (SLK), which homes to newly deposited fibrin strands within and surrounding the platelet thrombus, reducing effects on nonactivated circulating platelets. Indeed, SLK is able to completely reopen occluded carotid vessels 4 hours after cessation of blood flow, whereas A11 had no effect at 4 hours. Thus, a new antithrombotic agent was developed for platelet thrombus clearance.
Introduction (2012)

This group of critical, historical, and technical assessments of digital discourse and culture is assembled to commemorate the creation of Virginia Tech’s Center for Digital Discourse and Culture (CDDC) a decade ago. Organized in the College of Arts and Sciences, two college faculty members-Len Hatfield in the Department of English and Timothy W. Luke in the Department of Political Science-began operating the CDDC with Jeremy Hunsinger, who later pursued and completed his Doctorate in the Science and Technology Studies (STS) program. Hatfield was a co-founder of the Department of English’s Center for Applied Technology in the Humanities (CATH), and Luke was the author of a 1994 white paper for the College of Arts and Sciences calling for the creation of a new entity, namely, “Cyberschool,” at Virginia Tech to design, manage, organize, and then teach wholly online undergraduate and graduate courses by 1995.
Gut microbiota and sirtuins in obesity-related inflammation and bowel dysfunction (2011)

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation with alterations in gut motility. Motor abnormalities suggest that obesity has effects on the enteric nervous system (ENS), which controls virtually all gut functions. Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota can affect obesity and increase inflammatory tone by modulating mucosal barrier function. Furthermore, the observation that inflammatory conditions influence the excitability of enteric neurons may add to the gut dysfunction in obesity. In this article, we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of gut microbiota and inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related gastrointestinal dysfunction. The potential contribution of sirtuins in protecting or regulating the circuitry of the ENS under inflamed states is also considered.
Functional Linear and Nonlinear Brain–Heart Interplay during Emotional Video Elicitation: A Maximum Information Coefficient Study (2019)

Brain and heart continuously interact through anatomical and biochemical connections. Although several brain regions are known to be involved in the autonomic control, the functional brain–heart interplay (BHI) during emotional processing is not fully characterized yet. To this aim, we investigate BHI during emotional elicitation in healthy subjects. The functional linear and nonlinear couplings are quantified using the maximum information coefficient calculated between time-varying electroencephalography (EEG) power spectra within the canonical bands ( δ , θ , α , β and γ ), and time-varying low-frequency and high-frequency powers from heartbeat dynamics. Experimental data were gathered from 30 healthy volunteers whose emotions were elicited through pleasant and unpleasant high-arousing videos. Results demonstrate that functional BHI increases during videos with respect to a resting state through EEG oscillations not including the γ band (&gt;30 Hz). Functional linear coupling seems associated with a high-arousing positive elicitation, with preferred EEG oscillations in the θ band ( [ 4 , 8 ) Hz) especially over the left-temporal and parietal cortices. Differential functional nonlinear coupling between emotional valence seems to mainly occur through EEG oscillations in the δ , θ , α bands and sympathovagal dynamics, as well as through δ , α , β oscillations and parasympathetic activity mainly over the right hemisphere. Functional BHI through δ and α oscillations over the prefrontal region seems primarily nonlinear. This study provides novel insights on synchronous heartbeat and cortical dynamics during emotional video elicitation, also suggesting that a nonlinear analysis is needed to fully characterize functional BHI.
Reduced size cross-coupled resonator bandpass filters for wireless communication systems (2004)

This paper presents a class of single-plane microstrip filters that are suitable to achieve high performance and high miniaturization level. A new miniature capacitively loaded resonator is designed and integrated in a compact design, resulting in a filter whose dimensions are less than 30 % of that of conventional parallel coupled-line filters. To analyze the performance of the proposed filter, numerical simulations based on a commercial full wave EM software package (ADS-Momentum) were performed. Experiments were also carried out and a good agreement between measured and simulated results was obtained.
A Study of the Reeving Efficiency and Inertia of Drawworks (2020)

Abstract The reeving efficiency is a measure of how effectively the drill line and sheaves transfer the drawworks power to the moving external load. The drill line is a steel wire rope having an inherent bending resistance. The internal bending friction is the dominating component of the single sheave efficiency, which is a function of line to sheave diameter ratio, the line tension force, the rope construction type, and the lubricator. The model used here is an empirical two parameter model validated by measurements. Experimental evidence found in the literature strongly suggests that the single sheave efficiency for typical sheaves and loads is around 99.8%. This is much higher than the 96% efficiency suggested by the American Petroleum Institute (2015) in their Recommended Practice 9B. The paper also discusses the inertia of the drill line and sheaves and presents general models for reeving efficiency and reeving inertia valid for both single and dual drawworks. It also discusses some of the implications of both the friction losses and the inertia effects. One is that systematic errors in the deadline-based hookload can be minimized by applying simple speed and acceleration dependent corrections. Another implication is that the downwards acceleration (or upwards retardation) of the external load must be limited to avoid hazardous situations with fast-line slack.
The roles of atomic hydrogen played in "the chemical annealing" for fabrication of a-Si:H (2002)

A systematic study has been performed to reveal the role of atomic hydrogens in "chemical annealing", where the deposition of thin layer and treatment with atomic hydrogen are repeated alternately for fabrication of a stable structure. Relaxation resulting from impingement of atomic hydrogen on the growing surface are distinguished into two pieces, viz., relaxation on the surface and the sub-surface depending on the conditions for deposition of thin layer and the flux of atomic hydrogen. The structural changes within the sub-surface resulted in either formation of wider gap films or crystallization at rather low substrate temperature (Ts:100-150 C). At high Ts, on the other hand, the structural relaxations are mainly promoted on the growing surface, resulting in formation of the narrower optical gap a-Si:H and stimulating the grain growth.