gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes (2016)

Used as a bare active material or component in hybrids, graphene has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Indeed, from the first report that appeared in late July 2008, almost 1600 papers were published as of the end 2015 that investigated the properties of graphene as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Although an impressive amount of data has been collected, a real advance in the field still seems to be missing. In this framework, attention is focused on the most prominent research efforts in this field with the aim of identifying the causes of such relentless progression through an insightful and critical evaluation of the lithium-ion storage performances (i.e., 1<sup>st</sup> cycle irreversible capacity, specific gravimetric and volumetric capacities, average delithiation voltage profile, rate capability and stability upon cycling). The "graphene fever" has certainly provided a number of fundamental studies unveiling the electrochemical properties of this "wonder" material. However, analysis of the published literature also highlights a loss of focus from the final application. Hype-driven claims, not fully appropriate metrics, and negligence of key parameters are probably some of the factors still hindering the application of graphene in commercial batteries.
On The Potential of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Diamonds in Solid‐State and Dissolution 13C NMR Spectroscopy (2016)

Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Lucio Frydman from the Weizmann Institute, in collaboration with Dr. Fabien Aussenac and Profs. Amit Ukbey and Hartmut Oschkinat from Bruker Biospin, Aarhus University and the Leibniz Institute, respectively. The image shows aspects of diamond's dynamic nuclear polarization investigated in this study, in particular their use in dissolution MRI and in solid state magic‐angle‐spinning NMR experiments. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600301 .
Separate density and viscosity determination of room temperature ionic liquids using dual Quartz Crystal Microbalances (2009)

The drive towards cleaner industrial processes has led to the development of room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) as environmentally friendly solvents. They comprise solely of ions which are liquid at room temperature and with over one million simple RTIL alone it is important to characterize their physical properties using minimal sample volumes. Here we present a dual quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) which allows separate determination of viscosity and density using a total sample volume of only 240¿L. Liquid traps were fabricated on the sensing area of one QCM using SU-8 10 polymer with a second QCM having a flat surface. Changes in the resonant frequencies were used to extract separate values for viscosity and density. Measurements of a range of pure RTIL with minimal water content have been made on five different trap designs. The best agreement with measurements from the larger volume techniques was obtained for trap widths of around 50 ¿m thus opening up the possibility of integration into lab-on-a-chip systems.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS. PART 1. SOME 5‐FLUOROURACIL SECO‐NUCLEOSIDES AND THEIR HYDROLYSIS BY DILUTE ACID (1983)

Abstract Die Hydrolysegeschwindigkeiten von verschiedenen 5‐ FluoruraciI‐seco‐nucleosiden wie (Ib)‐(Ii), (III), (VIa)‐(VIh) werden gemessen [4 N HCl/Dioxan; Tabelle; Freisetzung von 5‐Fluoruracil].
Preparation and Characterization of Keratin-cellulose Composite Films (2016)

In order to improve keratin film mechanical properties, keratin and cellulose solutions were mixed in various ratios and coated on glass plates. Measurements of these composite films show that their mechanical properties decrease with an increase in keratin content in comparison with pure cellulose film. The thermal stability of composite film (40/60) with glutaraldehyde was significantly larger and had a little corrugated surface.
Mobile based home automation using Internet of Things(IoT) (2015)

Availability of high speed mobile networks like 3G and Long Term Evolution(LTE) coupled with cheaper and accessible smart phones, mobile industry has seen a tremendous growth in terms of providing various services and applications at the finger tips of the citizens. Internet of Things(IoT) is one of the promising technologies which can be used for connecting, controlling and managing intelligent objects which are connected to Internet through an IP address. Applications ranging from smart governance, smart education, smart agriculture, smart health care, smart homes etc can use IoT for effective delivery of services with out manual intervention in a more effective manner. This paper discusses about IoT and how it can be used for realizing smart home automation using a micro-controller based Arduino board and Android mobile app. In this paper, two prototypes namely home automation using Bluetooth in an indoor environment and home automation using Ethernet in an outdoor environment are presented.
On Bayesian transmit signal design using information theory (2014)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of transmit signal design for extended targets using information theory and possible benefits of such a design approach. An M-ary Bayesian decision theoretic context is considered and a signal design problem is set up to find optimal transmit signals which maximize the mutual information (MI) between the received signal and the target impulse response under total power constraint. Since the exact MI-maximizing signal design problem is analytically intractable because of Bayes context, we formulate an approximate problem instead, and present a fixed point signal design equation which solves the problem. To understand the proposed information theoretic signal design better, and to investigate the effect of different energy scheduling strategies on the detection performance of the radar, it is compared to SNR-maximizing signal design. It is shown that while SNR-maximizing signals are optimal in terms of overall detection performance, MI-maximizing signals perform far better if the target belongs to one of the lesser dominant target classes due to their fundamentally different energy scheduling policy.
Safety Assessment of Achillea millefolium as Used in Cosmetics (2016)

Cosmetic ingredients derived from Achillea millefolium function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous, skin-conditioning agents-humectants, and fragrance ingredients. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed relevant animal and human data to determine their safety in cosmetics and raised concerns about cosmetics containing linalool, thujone, quercetin, hydroquinone, or α-peroxyachifolid. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing similar constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these components and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Additionally, industry was advised to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities. The Panel concluded that achillea millefolium extract, achillea millefolium flower extract, and achillea millefolium flower/leaf/stem extract are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics when formulated to be nonsensitizing.
Assessment of Residual Bulky Tumor Using FDG-PET In Patients with Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma After Completion of Chemotherapy: Final Report of the GHSG HD15 Trial (2010)

Abstract Abstract 764 Introduction The role of additional radiotherapy after chemotherapy for advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma is unclear. The German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) thus performed the HD15 trial in which advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma patients having residual disease after 6–8 cycles of BEACOPP were evaluated by 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) following chemotherapy. Methods Entry criteria for the PET question in HD15 were partial remission (PR) after the end of chemotherapy with at least one involved nodal site measuring more than 2.5 cm in diameter by computed tomography (CT). Exclusion criteria included diabetes, elevated blood sugar levels and skeletal involvement with risk of instability. Calculations were restricted to those cases with either progressive disease (PD) or relapse within 12 months after PET or at least 12 months of follow-up. A total of 2,137 patients with de novo HL were included in HD15 of whom 728 had a tumor bulk ≥ 2.5 cm after BEACOPP chemotherapy and were qualified for the PET question. An expert panel performed the assessment of response and PET. Only PET-positive patients were scheduled for radiotherapy of residual disease. The negative prognostic value (NPV) of PET was defined as the proportion of PET-negative patients without progression, relapse or radiotherapy despite being PET-negative within 12 months. Results The full analysis set included 728 patients of whom 699 had at least 12 months of follow-up. Median age was 30 years, 57% were males and 66% had NS histology. Of the 728 qualified patients with residual disease ≥ 2.5 cm after BEACOPP, 74.2% were PET-negative and 25.8% PET-positive. In the PET-negative group, a total of 28 patients relapsed or had radiotherapy despite being PET-negative (8 patients including 1 relapsing patient) resulting in a negative prognostic value of 94.6% (95% CI 92.7% to 96.6%). With a median follow-up of 38 months, the time-to-progression after PET at 3 years was 92.1% for PET-negative patients counting radiotherapy as failure and 86.1% for PET-positive patients (95%-CI for difference -11.9% to -0.1%). Overall, only 11% of patients had additional radiotherapy as compared to 71% after BEACOPPescalated in our prior HD9 trial. In addition, there was no difference in PFS or overall survival as compared to our earlier trials in advanced-stage HL. Discussion The NPV of PET of 0.95 suggests that indeed only patients with residual disease after chemotherapy who are PET-positive need additional radiotherapy. PET-negative patients at least after BEACOPP can be spared from additional radiotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
High-power broadband GaN HEMT SPST/SPDT switches based on resonance inductors and shunt-stacked transistors (2012)

Novel X-band high-power monolithic SPST/SPDT switches in coplanar GaN technology are presented. The SPDT switch exhibits 1:6dB on-state insertion loss and better than 20dB isolation. Power handling measurements have shown that the 1dB compression point occurs with an input power equal to 38dBm at 10GHz. A combination of techniques were used to yield higher power handling while preserving low loss and high isolation. These circuit techniques include the use of stacked HEMTs to improve power handling and to minimize the loss and maintain high isolation, and also the use of a resonance inductor in parallel with the series HEMTs to improve the isolation of the switch. Simulated and experimental results are presented in support of the novel switches.
Analysis, Design, and 3-D Simulation of a High-Efficiency Overmoded Nonuniform Relativistic Backward-Wave Oscillator (2018)

A high-efficiency X-band overmoded relativistic backward-wave oscillator (RBWO) using a nonuniform slow-wave structure (SWS) and cavity resonant reflector (RR) is designed in order to increase the beam- wave interaction efficiency. The electrodynamic SWS is a sinusoidally corrugated and moderately overmoded (D/λ > 1) structure that decreases the strength of electric field per unit area at its surface and RR. This reduces the probability of occurrence of RF breakdown, hence the pulse shortening. The nonuniform SWS enhances the beam-wave interaction efficiency by providing variable coupling impedance between -1st harmonic of backward fundamental mode and slow space-charge wave associated with the electron beam. The 3-D particle-in-cell simulation of the designed RBWO generated an RF output power of ~700 MW at 9.24 GHz, while driving by a trapezoidal voltage pulse of 600 kV. The axial guiding magnetic field is 2.5 T that restricts the velocity of electron beam in the axial direction only. The output signal has a high mode purity because the higher order modes are cutoff by the structure. The frequency tuning is obtained by varying the distance between RR and SWS.
Neurotransmitters and synaptic components in the Merkel cell–neurite complex, a gentle‐touch receptor (2013)

Merkel cells are an enigmatic group of rare cells found in the skin of vertebrates. Most make contacts with somatosensory afferents to form Merkel cell-neurite complexes, which are gentle-touch receptors that initiate slowly adapting type I responses. The function of Merkel cells within the complex remains debated despite decades of research. Numerous anatomical studies demonstrate that Merkel cells form synaptic-like contacts with sensory afferent terminals. Moreover, recent molecular analysis reveals that Merkel cells express dozens of presynaptic molecules that are essential for synaptic vesicle release in neurons. Merkel cells also produce a host of neuroactive substances that can act as fast excitatory neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. Here, we review the major neurotransmitters found in Merkel cells and discuss these findings in relation to the potential function of Merkel cells in touch reception.
Statistical learning for sensor localization in wireless networks (2020)

Indoor localization has become an important issue for wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a zoning-based localization technique that uses WiFi signals and works efficiently in indoor environments. The targeted area is composed of several zones, the objective being to determine the zone of the sensor using an observation model based on statistical learning.
Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Ovarian hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, are involved in numerous neurophysiological and neurochemical processes, including those subserving cognitive function. Estradiol plays a key role in the neurobiology of aging, in part due to extensive interconnectivity of the neural and endocrine system. This aspect of aging is fundamental for women's brains as all women experience a drop in circulating estradiol levels in midlife, after menopause. Given the importance of estradiol for brain function, it is not surprising that up to 80% of peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women report neurological symptoms including changes in thermoregulation (vasomotor symptoms), mood, sleep, and cognitive performance. Preclinical evidence for neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol also indicate associations between menopause, cognitive aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia affecting nearly twice more women than men. Brain imaging studies demonstrated that middle-aged women exhibit increased indicators of AD endophenotype as compared to men of the same age, with onset in perimenopause. Herein, we take a translational approach to illustrate the contribution of ovarian hormones in maintaining cognition in women, with evidence implicating menopause-related declines in 17β-estradiol in cognitive aging and AD risk. We will review research focused on the role of endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure as a key underlying mechanism to neuropathological aging in women, with a focus on whether brain structure, function and neurochemistry respond to hormone treatment. While still in development, this research area offers a new sex-based perspective on brain aging and risk of AD, while also highlighting an urgent need for better integration between neurology, psychiatry, and women's health practices.
Nonlinear distortion reduction by complementary distortion (1959)

Nonlinear distortion produced in a given circuit can be reduced by pre- or postdistorting the signal applied to or from the circuit. Such complementary distortion cannot reduce the original distortion to zero in practice because of distortion of distortion, but it can result in greatly reduced output distortion over a limited amplitude range. General results for the design of pre- or postdistortion circuits are given, and the mathematical results are illustrated by comparing the total harmonic distortions obtained with pre- and postdistortion corrections of increasing complexity applied to a simple nonlinear circuit.
High Mobility Group Box 1 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Activation of Toll-like Receptor 4 (2012)

Survival rates for patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain low, and our understanding of the mechanisms involved are incomplete. Here we show in a mouse model of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced PH that the nuclear protein and damage-associate molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) contributes to PH via a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanism. We demonstrate extranuclear HMGB1 in pulmonary vascular lesions and increased serum HMGB1 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. The increase in circulating HMGB1 correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure. In mice, we similarly detected the translocation and release of HMGB1 after exposure to CH. HMGB1-neutralizing antibody attenuated the development of CH-induced PH, as assessed by measurement of right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodeling and endothelial activation and inflammation. Genetic deletion of the pattern recognition receptor TLR4, but not the receptor for advanced glycation end products, likewise attenuated CH-induced PH. Finally, daily treatment of mice with recombinant human HMGB1 exacerbated CH-induced PH in wild-type (WT) but not Tlr4(-/-) mice. These data demonstrate that HMGB1-mediated activation of TLR4 promotes experimental PH and identify HMGB1 and/or TLR4 as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PH.
Heteromeric RNP Assembly at LINEs Controls Lineage-Specific RNA Processing (2018)

Long mammalian introns make it challenging for the RNA processing machinery to identify exons accurately. We find that LINE-derived sequences (LINEs) contribute to this selection by recruiting dozens of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to introns. This includes MATR3, which promotes binding of PTBP1 to multivalent binding sites within LINEs. Both RBPs repress splicing and 3' end processing within and around LINEs. Notably, repressive RBPs preferentially bind to evolutionarily young LINEs, which are located far from exons. These RBPs insulate the LINEs and the surrounding intronic regions from RNA processing. Upon evolutionary divergence, changes in RNA motifs within LINEs lead to gradual loss of their insulation. Hence, older LINEs are located closer to exons, are a common source of tissue-specific exons, and increasingly bind to RBPs that enhance RNA processing. Thus, LINEs are hubs for the assembly of repressive RBPs and also contribute to the evolution of new, lineage-specific transcripts in mammals. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Comparative analysis of features based machine learning approaches for phishing detection (2016)

Machine learning based anti-phishing techniques are based on various features extracted from different sources. These features differentiate a phishing website from a legitimate one. Features are taken from various sources like URL, page content, search engine, digital certificate, website traffic, etc, of a website to detect it as a phishing or non-phishing. The websites are declared as phishing sites if the heuristic design of the websites matches with the predefined rules. The accuracy of the anti-phishing solution depends on features set, training data and machine learning algorithm. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Phishing attacks, their exploitation, some of the recent machine learning based approaches for phishing detection and their comparative study. It provides a better understanding of the phishing problem, current solution space in machine learning domain, and scope of future research to deal with Phishing attacks efficiently using machine learning based approaches.
Micropile Design and Construction in a Limited Access Wetland Habitat (2015)

This paper will discuss the use of micropiles as a specialty deep foundation solution to limited construction access challenges within the Troy Meadows wetland portion of PSE&G’s 500 kV Susquehanna to Roseland Electric Reliability Project. Micropile foundations were constructed utilizing primarily helicopter access for seven 500 kV double-circuit tubular steel pole structures within the protected habitat. The successful implementation of a design-build strategy between the overhead design team and the contractor led to significant refinements in the foundation design. Value engineering efforts focused on refinement of tower loading geometry and load cases, assessment of geotechnical conditions, and reduction of foundation footprints within the wetlands environment. The paper will detail design and routing of the overhead alignment, as well as permitting restrictions and area of impact limitations. It will then provide an in-depth analysis of concrete cap micropile design and detailed construction methodologies.
First hohlraum drive studies on the National Ignition Facility (2006)

The first hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Nucl. Fusion 44, 228 (2004)] using the first four laser beams have activated the indirect-drive experimental capabilities and tested radiation temperature limits imposed by hohlraum plasma filling. Vacuum hohlraums have been irradiated with laser powers up to 9 TW, 1 to 9ns long square pulses and energies of up to 17kJ to study the hohlraum radiation temperature scaling with the laser power and hohlraum size, and to make contact with hohlraum experiments performed previously at other laser facilities. Furthermore, for a variety of hohlraum sizes and pulse lengths, the measured x-ray flux shows signatures of plasma filling that coincide with hard x-ray emission from plasma streaming out of the hohlraum. These observations agree with hydrodynamic simulations and with analytical modeling that includes hydrodynamic and coronal radiative losses. The modeling predicts radiation temperature limits on full NIF (1.8MJ) that are significantly greater than required for ignition hohlraums.
Off‐Stoichiometric Thiol‐Ene Chemistry to Dendritic Nanogel Therapeutics (2019)

A novel platform of dendritic nanogels is herein presented, capitalizing on the self-assembly of allyl-functional polyesters based on dendritic-linear-dendritic amphiphiles followed by simple cross-linking with complementary monomeric thiols via UV initiated off-stoichiometric thiol-ene chemistry. The facile approach enabled multigram creation of allyl reactive nanogel precursors, in the size range of 190-295 nm, being readily available for further modifications to display a number of core functionalities while maintaining the size distribution and characteristics of the master batch. The nanogels are evaluated as carriers of a spread of chemotherapeutics by customizing the core to accommodate each individual cargo. The resulting nanogels are biocompatible, displaying diffusion controlled release of cargo, maintained therapeutic efficacy, and decreased cargo toxic side effects. Finally, the nanogels are found to successfully deliver pharmaceuticals into a 3D pancreatic spheroids tumor model.