gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sterols Are Mainly in the Cytoplasmic Leaflet of the Plasma Membrane and the Endocytic Recycling Compartment in CHO Cells (2008)

The transbilayer distribution of many lipids in the plasma membrane and in endocytic compartments is asymmetric, and this has important consequences for signaling and membrane physical properties. The transbilayer distribution of cholesterol in these membranes is not properly established. Using the fluorescent sterols, dehydroergosterol and cholestatrienol, and a variety of fluorescence quenchers, we studied the transbilayer distribution of sterols in the plasma membrane (PM) and the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) of a CHO cell line. A membrane impermeant quencher, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, or lipid-based quenchers that are restricted to the exofacial leaflet of the plasma membrane only reduce the fluorescence intensity of these sterols in the plasma membrane by 15-32%. When the same quenchers have access to both leaflets, they quench 70-80% of the sterol fluorescence. Sterol fluorescence in the ERC is also quenched efficiently in the permeabilized cells. In microinjection experiments, delivery of quenchers into the cytosol efficiently quenched the fluorescent sterols associated with the PM and with the ERC. Quantitative analysis indicates that 60-70% of the PM sterol is in the cytoplasmic leaflet. This means that cholesterol constitutes approximately 40 mol% of cytoplasmic leaflet lipids, which may have important implications for intracellular cholesterol transport and membrane domain formation.
Chemical Composition of Native and Ammonia Fiber Expansion Pretreated Rice Straw-Unextracted versus Extractives-free Material (2015)

Characterization of chemical composition for lignocellulosic biomasss (LCB) is essential in the conversion process of LCB to bioenergy and biochemicals. Accurate quantification of chemical composition allows for better determination of the LCB conversion and product yield in LCB processing. However, the presence of the extractable material is stated to strongly influence the compositional analysis of the LCB. This study was conducted to analyze and compare the chemical composition of (A) native-whole unextracted rice straw of (1) untreated rice straw (URS) and (2) AFEX pretreated rice straw (AC1RS and AC2RS) as well as (B) the extractives-free rice straw of (1) URS and (2) AFEX pretreated rice straw (AC1RS and AC2RS). The effect of the AFEX pretreatment on the composition of rice straw was determined using the extractives-free material of URS, AC1RS and AC2RS. The actual reported composition of native-whole rice straw of URS and AFEX pretreated rice straw were made based on the corrected values of the extractives-free rice straw of URS and AFEX pretreated rice straw. The rice straw was analyzed for structural constituents such as glucan, xylan, arabinan and Klason lignin as well as non-structural constituents. The results demonstrated that the extractives in native-whole unextracted rice straw significantly interfere with the analysis of Klason lignin. The lignin content of the rice straw was overestimated if the extractives were not removed prior to the compositional analysis. The extractives in rice straw statistically did not affect the carbohydrate analyses. However, some soluble sugars were removed from the rice straw during the extraction process.
Monte Carlo molecular simulation of the hydration of Na–montmorillonite at reservoir conditions (2003)

The hydration of Na-saturated Wyoming-type montmorillonite is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations at constant stress in the NP(zz)T ensemble and at constant chemical potential in the microVT ensemble, at the sedimentary basin temperature of 353 K and pressure of 625 bar, equivalent to 2-4 km depth. The simulations use procedures established in Chavez-Paez et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 114, 1405 (2001)]. At these conditions, simulations predict a single stable form of 1,2-water layer Na-montmorillonite, containing 164.38 mg/g or 53.37 molecules/layer of adsorbed water and having a spacing of 12.72 A. The corresponding density is 0.32 g/ml. Sodium ions are coordinated with six molecules of water separated 2.30-2.33 A. Water molecules are closer to the central interlayer plane and the spacing is larger than that at 300 K and 1 bar. The interlayer configuration consists of two symmetrical layers of oriented water molecules 1.038 A from the central plane, with the hydrogen atoms in two outermost layers, 3.826 A apart, and the sodium ions on the central plane located between the water layers. The interlayer configuration can be considered to be a stable two-layer intermediate between the one- and two-layer hydrates. Our simulations do not predict formation of other hydrates of Na-montmorillonite at 353 K and 615 bar.
Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli pyrG encoding CTP synthetase. (1986)

The amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli CTP synthetase was derived from the nucleotide sequence of pyrG. The derived amino acid sequence, confirmed at the N terminus by protein sequencing, predicts a subunit of 544 amino acids having a calculated Mr of 60,300 after removal of the initiator methionine. A glutamine amide transfer domain was identified which extends from approximately amino acid residue 300 to the C terminus of the molecule. The CTP synthetase glutamine amide transfer domain contains three conserved regions similar to those in GMP synthetase, anthranilate synthase, p-aminobenzoate synthase, and carbamoyl-P synthetase. The CTP synthetase structure supports a model for gene fusion of a trpG-related glutamine amide transfer domain to a primitive NH3-dependent CTP synthetase. The major 5' end of pyrG mRNA was localized to a position approximately 48 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation codon. Translation of the gene eno, encoding enolase, is initiated 89 base pairs downstream of pyrG. The pyrG-eno junction is characterized by multiple mRNA species which are ascribed to monocistronic pyrG and/or eno mRNAs and a pyrG eno polycistronic mRNA.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Enantiocontrol in Conjugate Additions of Organocuprates. Highly Selective 1,5‐Chiral Induction in the Conjugate Additions of Cuprates to α,β‐Unsaturated Amide Derivatives of 2,2‐ Dimethyloxazolidine Chiral Auxiliaries. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A module area estimator for VLSI layout (1988)

An efficient module area estimator for VLSI chip layout has been developed to reduce the number of design iterations required to develop a chip floor plan. Module area is estimated for standard-cell and full-custom layout methodologies. The structure of the estimator and its algorithms are discussed. The authors' layout area estimates are very close to those of manually laid out modules. >
Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. 1, Part 2. Edited by SirGeorge Grierson. O.M. 14 + 10 1/4, pp. viii + 30 + 337 + 2. Calcutta. (1929)

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Defining the regulatory mechanisms of sigma factor RpoS degradation in Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2023)

In several Gram-negative bacteria, the general stress response is mediated by the alternative sigma factor RpoS, a subunit of RNA polymerase that confers promoter specificity. In Escherichia coli, regulation of protein levels of RpoS involves the adaptor protein RssB, which binds RpoS for presenting it to the ClpXP protease for its degradation. However, in species from the Pseudomonadaceae family, RpoS is also degraded by ClpXP, but an adaptor has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here, we investigated the role of an E. coli RssB-like protein in two representative Pseudomonadaceae species such as Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In these bacteria, inactivation of the rssB gene increased the levels and stability of RpoS during exponential growth. Downstream of rssB lies a gene that encodes a protein annotated as an anti-sigma factor antagonist (rssC). However, inactivation of rssC in both A. vinelandii and P. aeruginosa also increased the RpoS protein levels, suggesting that RssB and RssC work together to control RpoS degradation. Furthermore, we identified an in vivo interaction between RssB and RpoS only in the presence of RssC using a bacterial three-hybrid system. We propose that both RssB and RssC are necessary for the ClpXP-dependent RpoS degradation during exponential growth in two species of the Pseudomonadaceae family.
An Effective Bismuth‐Catalyzed Benzylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Experiências em Musicoterapia sob a Perspectiva da Música Ubíqua (2023)

Relatamos as estratégias e os procedimentos adotados no desenvolvimento do Programa de musicoterapia para profissionais da saúde (PROMUS). A proposta insere-se no contexto das iniciativas ubimus que visam o incentivo ao bem-estar através da disponibilização e o estudo do impacto do suporte tecnológico em contextos cotidianos. Em particular, atentamos para a utilização de ambientes que previamente não eram considerados como espaços com potencialidade de aplicação musicoterapêutica. Outro aspecto inovador da presente proposta é o reaproveitamento de tecnologia já disponível nas atividades do dia a dia do público-alvo. Essa utilização de tecnologia leve, de baixo custo operativo e compatível com um perfil diverso de potenciais participantes está fortemente alinhada às práticas estabelecidas dentro da comunidade ubimus. Discutimos as implicações desta proposta para a ampliação do vínculo entre ubimus e os usos terapêuticos dos recursos musicais.
Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide from type I, but not type II strains, stimulates apoptosis of cultured gastric mucosal cells. (2001)

The cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI) genes are a major determinant of virulence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from the cag PAI-positive (type I) strains induced apoptosis of primary cultures of guinea pig gastric mucosal cells. Lipid A catalyzed this apoptosis. These cells expressed the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and its protein, and type I Hp LPS phosphorylated transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and TAK1-binding protein 1 (TAB1) in association with up-regulation of the TLR4 expressions, suggesting that type I Hp LPS evoked distinct TLR4 signaling. In contrast, Hp LPS from type II strains with complete or partial deletion of the cag PAI genes did not phosphorylate TAK1 and TAB1 and failed to induce apoptosis. Accelerated apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells is one of the important events relevant to chronic, atrophic gastritis caused by Hp infection. The difference in proapoptotic action of LPS between the type I and II strains may support an important role of the cag PAI genes in the pathogenesis of gastric lesions caused by Hp infection.
Metallorganische Verbindungen, XLVIII. Erdalkali‐bis‐tetraalkylalanate und ‐bis‐tetraäthylboranate (1967)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Erdalkalialkoholaten mit Triäthylaluminium oder von Erdalkalimetallen mit Diäthylquecksilber und Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 wurden Ca‐, Sr‐ und Ba‐bis‐tetraäthylalanat ( 3a – c ) dargestellt. 3a wird auch aus CaCl 2 und Natrium‐tetraäthylalanat erhalten. BaH 2 und Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 reagieren zu Ba‐bis‐triäthylalanat ( 5 ). – Die den Komplexen 3 analogen Erdalkali‐bis‐tetraäthyl‐boranate ( 4 ) gewinnt man aus den Erdalkalimetallen, Hg(C 2 H 5 ) 2 und Triäthylbor. – Die Komplexe M II [Al(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] 2 (M = Ca, Sr) und Ca[B(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] 2 haben keinen Salzcharakter: Sie lösen sich in Kohlenwasserstoffen, sind i. Vak. destillierbar und besitzen nur eine geringe elektrolytische Leitfähigkeit. Die entsprechenden Barium‐Komplexe ( 3c, 4c ) sind dagegen nur schwer flüchtig und ähneln in ihren Eigenschaften dem Na[Al(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] bzw. Na[B(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ]. – Erdalkaliamalgame tauschen mit Na[Al(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ] das Metall bis zu einem Gleichgewicht aus, dessen jeweilige Konstante ermittelt wird. In den Erdalkali‐Komplexen 3 wird mit Trimethylaluminium C 2 H 5 durch CH 3 verdrängt.
A Comparison of Frequency-Shift Anti-Multipath Signaling Techniques for Digital Communication Systems (1961)

An important result of multipath propagation is the lengthening of the received signal due to a single transmitted pulse. The received pulse duration may be increased by the difference in propagation times between the longest and shortest of the active paths. This time difference represents the minimum pulse repetition period which can be used if errors due to inter-symbol interference are to be avoided. This minimum pulse repetition period places a limit on the available data rate per channel. The total data rate can be increased by frequency division multiplexing. Several recent papers have described a technique for synchronous frequency-division multiplexing for use under the multipath conditions described above. This synchronous system is analyzed to show its bandwidth, data rate, and signal-to-noise properties, and these parameters are compared with those of a conventional FSK system. A second refinement of conventional FSK is the use of more than two possible frequencies for each pulse. The bandwidth, data rate, and signal-to-noise properties of multilevel synchronous FSK are presented, and some circumstances under which it may be used to advantage are described.
Coordination Copolymerization Mediated by Zn4O(CO2R)6 Metal Clusters: a Balancing Act between Statistics and Geometry (2010)

Isolated successes of coordination copolymerization for the production of microporous coordination polymers (MCPs) have been reported recently; the logic for this synthetic approach has not been established nor have the key features of the synthetic conditions needed to generalize the method. Here, we establish guidelines for application of the copolymerization technique by exploring coordination modes and report, in addition to details on two previous coordination copolymers with exceptional properties, three new MCPs: UMCM-3 (Zn(4)O(2,5-thiophenedicaboxylate)(1.2)(1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene)(1.2)), UMCM-4 (Zn(4)O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)((3)/(2))(4,4',4''-tricarboxytriphenylamine)), and UMCM-5 (Zn(4)O(1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate)(1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene)((4)/(3))). The MCPs prepared by the copolymerization technique demonstrate Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas between 3500-5200 m(2)/g and high pore volumes (1.64-2.37 cm(3)/g). In addition, the alignment of poly(3-hexylthiophene) within mesoporous channels of UMCM-1 is reported as a demonstration of the unique properties of these hosts.
New graft-implanting method for thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection with a stented graft. (1996)

These preliminary results indicate that this new graft-implanting method with the stented graft should be considered one of the less-invasive surgical treatments for thoracic aneurysm and dissection involving the distal arch.
CAD For Microelectromechanical Systems (2005)

CAD Systems for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) require the three-dimensional and multi-energy- domain modeling of mechanical engineering and the planar mask layout and circuit simulation of integrated circuits. Several CAD systems for MEMS are now under development. Challenges include geometric construction from mask and process data, three-dimensional coupled- energy-domain simulation, construction of lumped macro-models, and computer-aided insertion of those macro-models into dynamical simulators. Examples are given based on the MIT MEMCAD system.
Iron status is inversely associated with dietary iron intakes in patients with inactive or mildly active inflammatory bowel disease (2013)

In IBD, iron status is more closely related to the quality and quantity of dietary iron intake than in the general healthy population.
Defeating Cancel Culture in Surgical Site Infection Research: A Plea to Include Microbial Cultures and Antibiotic Sensitivity Data (2022)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite advances in infection control measures, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a real and present danger to patients. In most studies addressing SSI prevention measures, recommendations are often made in the absence of information such as culture results, the antibiotic agents used for prophylaxis, and antibiotic sensitivity data. The aim of this study is to document this latter claim by reviewing studies published in the last five years in highly read and cited surgical journals. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic review evaluating SSIs from four highly cited surgical journals, <i>Annals of Surgery</i>, the <i>British Journal of Surgery</i>, <i>JAMA Surgery</i>, and the <i>Journal of the American College of Surgeons</i> was conducted for articles published between 2016 and 2021. We focused our analysis on the following key features: how SSI is defined; bacterial culture information; antibiotic sensitivity data; and identification of the antibiotic chosen for prophylaxis. We hypothesized that, in most cases among the journals queried, this information would be unavailable. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 71 studies included, 32 diagnosed SSIs based on criteria developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention while five provided no definition of SSI. Of the 27 articles recommending increasing antibiotic usage, only one study performed antibiotic sensitivity testing to guide the antibiotic choice. Of 71 studies reviewed, only one reported all key features we considered to be important for SSI antibiotic decision-making; 46 reported none of the key features. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Among publications addressing SSIs in four highly cited surgical journals, key information regarding diagnosis and with which to base antibiotic recommendations, is routinely unavailable.
Reciprocation of Renin Dependency with Sodium Volume Dependency in Renal Hypertension (1975)

An angiotensin II inhibitor was administered to rats with two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension. The inhibitor produced a marked drop in blood pressure after 5 weeks but no significant change after 15 weeks of hypertension. However, even after 15 weeks of hypertension, following sodium depletion by either diuretics or a low sodium diet, the animals again became renin dependent as readministration of the inhibitor induced a significant fall in blood pressure. The data indicate that two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension is initially renin dependent but subsequently becomes sodium volume dependent in a way similar, although more protracted, to that already described for one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension.
Dynamic Behavior and Stability of a Rotor Under Base Excitation (2006)

The dynamic behavior of flexible rotor systems subjected to base excitation (support movements) is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The study focuses on behavior in bending near the critical speeds of rotation. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the kinetic energy and the strain energy. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange equations and the Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to study the basic phenomena on simple systems. Also, the method of multiple scales is applied to study stability when the system mounting is subjected to a sinusoidal rotation. An experimental setup is used to validate the presented results.
Nonlinear Optical Activity in Second-Harmonic Generation from a Chiral Surface (1993)

We have observed that the efficiency of second-harmonic generation from a monolayer of chiral molecules depends on the handedness of the incoming fundamental beam. This circular-difference effect is observed both in reflection and transmission of the second-harmonic radiation. Analogous to linear optical activity, we show that these effects can be explained by including contributions of magnetic-dipole transitions to the second-order nonlinear susceptibility.
Supercrystals from Crystallization of Octahedral MnO Nanocrystals (2009)

Guided by the concept of regarding nanoparticles as superatoms or supermolecules in colloidal solution, we design a facile crystallization approach for preparation of 3D supercrystals (SCs). Dispersive states of as-prepared MnO nanocrystals (NCs) in solvents of cyclohexane and ethanol were studied to illuminate the effects of solvents. Ethanol was demonstrated to be the most appropriate solvent, and a large amount of microscale cubic SCs built by octahedral MnO NCs was created via direct crystallization. Although two types of packing structures are well-defined, the MnO SCs prefer the one with the higher packing efficiency of 88.89% for minimizing system energy. The crystallization process undergoes a dynamic attachment and exchange mechanism.
Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Salmonella Enteritidis Protect against the Virulent Wild-Type Strain Infection in a Mouse Model (2017)

Foodborne contamination and salmonellosis caused by <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis (<i>S</i>. Enteritidis) are a significant threat to human health and poultry enterprises. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are naturally secreted by gram-negative bacteria, could be a good vaccine option because they have many biologically active substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and phospholipids, as well as periplasmic components. In the present study, we purified OMVs derived from <i>S</i>. Enteritidis and analyzed their characteristics through silver staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In total, 108 proteins were identified in <i>S</i>. Enteritidis OMVs through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and OMPs, periplasmic proteins, and extracellular proteins (49.9% of total proteins) were found to be enriched in the OMVs compared with bacterial cells. Furthermore, native OMVs used in immunizations by either the intranasal route or the intraperitoneal route could elicit significant humoral and mucosal immune responses and provide strong protective efficiency against a lethal dose (~100-fold LD<sub>50</sub>) of the wild-type <i>S</i>. Enteritidis infection. These results indicated that <i>S</i>. Enteritidis OMVs might be an ideal vaccine strategy for preventing <i>S</i>. Enteritidis diseases.