gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric relationship between the nicotinamide and isoalloxazine rings in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase: implications for the classification of evolutionarily and functionally related flavoproteins (1992)

The stereospecificity of hydride abstraction from NADPH and the conformation of the nicotinamide ring around the glycosidic bond have been determined for the flavoprotein NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase (P-450R). The A-side (pro-R) hydrogen is abstracted from NADPH, and the nicotinamide ring is in the anti conformation. These results are consistent with the apparently strong correlation between A-side stereospecificity and anti conformation and between B-side stereospecificity and syn conformation [You, K. (1985) CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 17, 313]. This correlation reveals how the flavin and nicotinamide rings are oriented relative to each other. In P-450R, the flavin is then "on top of" (on the exo side of) the nicotinamide ring. In another flavoprotein dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, which is a B-side/anti enzyme [Pai, E. F., & Schulz, G. E. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 1752], the flavin is "underneath" (on the endo side of) the nicotinamide ring. We argue that all enzymes that are evolutionarily related to these two flavoproteins should have their respective overall configurations. The overall configuration is defined by the following five properties: (1) relative orientation of the isoalloxazine and nicotinamide rings, (2) stereospecificity of hydride transfer to/from the nicotinamide ring, (3) conformation of the nicotinamide ring around the glycosidic bond, (4) stereospecificity of hydride transfer to/from the flavin, and (5) conformation of the flavin around its N5-N10 axis. There are only eight possible overall configurations, and a knowledge of only three of the five properties is needed to determine which one is present (as long as the combination of properties is not 1, 2, 3 or 1, 4, 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sequence diversity in S1 genes and S1 translation products of 11 serotype 3 reovirus strains (1990)

The S1 gene nucleotide sequences of 10 type 3 (T3) reovirus strains were determined and compared with the T3 prototype Dearing strain in order to study sequence diversity in strains of a single reovirus serotype and to learn more about structure-function relationships of the two S1 translation products, sigma 1 and sigma 1s. Analysis of phylogenetic trees constructed from variation in the sigma 1-encoding S1 nucleotide sequences indicated that there is no pattern of S1 gene relatedness in these strains based on host species, geographic site, or date of isolation. This suggests that reovirus strains are transmitted rapidly between host species and that T3 strains with markedly different S1 sequences circulate simultaneously. Comparison of the deduced sigma 1 amino acid sequences of the 11 T3 strains was notable for the identification of conserved and variable regions of sequence that correlate with the proposed domain organization of sigma 1 (M.L. Nibert, T.S. Dermody, and B. N. Fields, J. Virol. 64:2976-2989, 1990). Repeat patterns of apolar residues thought to be important for sigma 1 structure were conserved in all strains examined. The deduced sigma 1s amino acid sequences of the strains were more heterogeneous than the sigma 1 sequences; however, a cluster of basic residues near the amino terminus of sigma 1s was conserved. This analysis has allowed us to investigate molecular epidemiology of T3 reovirus strains and to identify conserved and variable sequence motifs in the S1 translation products, sigma 1 or sigma 1s.
On the Accuracy of Asymptotic Solutions for TM Waves Diffracting on an Impedance Wedge (2014)

The contribution focuses on the accuracy of two asymptotic solutions aimed at representing the electromagnetic field scattered by penetrable wedges. One is a heuristic manipulation of the solution for the perfect electrical conductor, and the other one is a more rigorous coefficient based on approximate boundary conditions. The results presented here extend those proposed by other authors by illustrating the accuracy of such solutions at the edge of validity of the uniform theory of diffraction. In particular, they show that the heuristic formulation can be freely applied in similar conditions, while the other might not always lead to accurate predictions.
Involvement of the σ1 receptor in the cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (2000)

The sigma1 (sigma1) receptor constitutes a particular target of cocaine believed to be involved in some of its behavioral effects. In the present study, its involvement in the rewarding effect of cocaine was examined using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. CPP was induced in C57Bl/6 mice injected repeatedly with cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The selective sigma1 receptor antagonists NE-100 and BD1047 (1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated or blocked the cocaine-induced CPP. Animals treated centrally with a sigma1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide failed to develop cocaine-induced CPP, unlike mismatch controls. The sigma1 receptor thus appears to be critically involved in the development of the cocaine-induced CPP and, in consequence, may constitute a promising approach to blocking cocaine reward.
Projecting future drug expenditures—2004 (2004)

Drug expenditure growth should continue to outpace the growth in overall health care expenditures and the growth in the U.S. economy.
Electrical Properties of Tellurium under Hydrostatic Pressure. I. Effects on Its Effective Mass and Energy Gap (1974)

Abstract Conductivity and Hall coefficient have been measured in undoped and Sb‐doped tellurium at 77 and 273 K under hydrostatic pressure up to 7000 bar. It is found that the hole mobility increases with pressure and that the sample with its c‐axis perpendicular to the current direction shows a more rapid mobility increase than the parallel one. The mobility increase under pressure in undoped tellurium is interpreted as resulting from the decrease in the hole effective mass under pressure, and the pressure coefficients of the hole effective mass are derived from the experimental results. The pressure coefficients of the energy gap including the second order one are also obtained from the precise measurement of the pressure dependence of the Hall coefficient of undoped tellurium at 273 K, where it is intrinsic.
Francis turbine draft tube modelling for prediction of pressure fluctuations on prototype (2015)

The prediction of pressure fluctuations amplitudes on Francis turbine prototype is a challenge for hydro-equipment industry since it is subjected to guarantees to ensure smooth and reliable operation of the hydro units. The European FP7 research project Hyperbole aims to setup a methodology to transpose the pressure fluctuations measured on the reduced scale model to the prototype generating units. This paper presents this methodology which relies on an advanced modelling of the draft tube cavitation flow, and focuses on the transposition to the prototype of the draft tube model parameters identified on the reduced scale model. Different modelling assumptions of the draft tube are considered and their influence on the eigenmodes and the forced response of the system are presented.
Integrated high-quality rectifier-regulators (1999)

A new family of AC-DC converters is derived which integrate the functions of low-harmonic rectification, low-frequency energy storage, and wide-bandwidth output voltage control into a single converter containing one, two, or four active switches. These converters utilize a discontinuous conduction mode input inductor, an internal energy storage capacitor, and transformer secondary circuits which resemble the bridge, forward, flyback, or Cuk DC-DC converters. A large-signal equivalent circuit model for this family is presented, which uses the "loss-free resistor" concept. Design strategies and experimental results are given. High-performance regulation with satisfactory line-current harmonics is demonstrated with conventional duty-ratio control. Further improvements in line current are possible by simultaneous duty-ratio and switching-frequency control.
Real-Time, Transmission-Mode, Terahertz Imaging Over a 25-meter Distance (2007)

We demonstrate transmission-mode imaging over a 25 meter distance using a ~4.9-THz quantum-cascade laser, frequency-optimized for a low-loss (~0.5 dB/m) atmospheric window. The ~17-mW peak power allows real-time imaging with a 320×240 element microbolometer camera.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Through Insertion of Alkynes into the Pd‐C Bond of Activated Cyclopalladated Benzyl Methyl Sulphide. (1987)

Abstract Benzyl methyl sulfide (I) reacts with Pd(II) acetate (II) to produce the Pd complex (III) which is transformed into the chloride complex (IV) by LiCl.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding From Gastric Submucosal Arterial Collaterals Secondary To Splenic Artery Occlusion: Treatment by Splenectomy and Partial Gastric Devascularization (2000)

Baron, Pedro W MD1; Sindram, David MSc1; Suhocki, Paul MD2; Webb, Duane D MD, FACG3; Clavien, Pierre-Alain MD, PhD, FACS1 Author Information
Dry anaerobic fermentation (1980)

The advantages of using high total-solids concentrations for anaerobic fermentations of manures and crop residues are discussed. Studies conducted on dry anaerobic fermentation of organic residues to methane are described. Moisture content, NH/sub 3/-N concentration, and chloride concentration were tested. Anaerobic fermentations occurred in solids concentrations in excess of 20%. At initial concentrations of 40% or less, the reaction will be as complete as for liquid reactors given sufficient time. Above 30% total-solids concentration of manures, methane formation decreased. Acid formation was affected at total-solids levels that were higher than methane formation. A pilot scale batch reactor filled with 25% total-solids substrate of wheat straw, seeded with effluent from a daily manure anaerobic digester, produced methane for over 6 months. (DMC)
Optical Excitation of Carbon Nanotubes Drives Localized Diazonium Reactions (2016)

Covalent chemistries have been widely used to modify carbon nanomaterials; however, they typically lack the precision and efficiency required to directly engineer their optical and electronic properties. Here, we show, for the first time, that visible light which is tuned into resonance with carbon nanotubes can be used to drive their functionalization by aryldiazonium salts. The optical excitation accelerates the reaction rate 154-fold (±13) and makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of covalent bonding to the sp(2) carbon lattice. Control experiments suggest that the reaction is dominated by a localized photothermal effect. This light-driven reaction paves the way for precise nanochemistry that can directly tailor carbon nanomaterials at the optical and electronic levels.
Oxygen pressure dependence of the grain size and surface morphology in YBa2Cu3O7−x a-axis films (1995)

The granularity and surface roughness of a-axis YBa2Cu3O7−x films grown on (100) LaAlO3, (100) SrTiO3, and (100) LaSrGaO4 by pulsed laser deposition has been studied. For fixed deposition conditions, the size and the shape of the grains varied from substrate to substrate, while the mean roughness remained the same. We were able to systematically control the grain size and smoothness of films on LaSrGaO4 and LaAlO3. By gradually reducing the oxygen pressure during the deposition we obtained films with increased grain size and much reduced surface roughness (mean ∼40 Å over 5 ×5 μm2). Cracks observed in the films deposited on LaSrGaO4 at very low O2 pressures (∼20 mTorr) were successfully eliminated for deposition pressures above 40 mTorr.
Chitin-based poly(urea-urethane)s (1995)

Chitins of various origins in DMA-LiCl solution have been reacted with excess 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (three or twelve equivalents per repeating unit) for 4-20 h. The resulting solutions were exposed to water vapor for 2 days and flexible and opaque materials were produced, which upon drying yielded powders whose main characteristics were insolubility in aqueous and organic solvents, remarkable crystallinity, typical infrared spectrum, high N/C ratio (0.287), and a high degree of substitution (0.29). Under the SEM structural features reminiscent of chitin were absent but no thermoplastic behavior was found by differential scanning calorimetry. Chitosan was similarly treated under heterogeneous conditions in anhydrous pyridine, and yielded reaction products with a lower degree of substitution (0.17). With partially hydrolysed chitosan, highly crystalline products were obtained.
An Efficient Double 1,2-Addition Reaction of 2,3-Allenoates with Allyl Magnesium Chloride (2008)

In this paper, it was reported that double 1,2-addition reaction of 2,3-allenoates with allyl magnesium chloride at room temperature in the absence of any transition metal catalyst provides an efficient method for the synthesis of tertiary alpha-allenols. The optically active allenol could be prepared from the reaction of the optically active 2,3-allenoate without obvious racemization of the axial chirality. Under different reaction conditions, cyclization reactions of alpha-allenol 2i prepared have been studied for the synthesis of different 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives.
Early atherogenesis: new insights from new approaches (2022)

A new perspective on the complex cellular landscape of the aorta, specifically the atherosclerosis-prone regions, confirm that intimal accumulation of lipid, monocyte recruitment, and macrophage accumulation are key events in atherogenesis triggered by hypercholesterolemia. Targeting these early events may prove to be a promising strategy for the attenuation of lesion development; however, the specific details of how hypercholesterolemia acts to initiate early inflammatory events remain to be fully elucidated.
A CASE OF CHOLESTATIC JAUNDICE DUE TO TETRACYCLINE-TRLACETYLOLEANDOMYCIN (1965)

汗疱状白癬および膿皮症のため, griseofulvin, tetracycline-triacetyloleandomycin (Sigmamycin)(以下TC-TAOと略す)およびtriamcinoloneの三薬を投与中に高度の黄疸を来たし,形態学的に胆細管性肝炎II型を示した1例を経験し, “cha11enge dose”を投与したところ, griseofulvinに反応なく, TC-TAOによつて入院時と同様,黄疸を再現し,肝生検も併用して原因薬物を確認した.
Making grandma's data secure: a security architecture for home telemedicine. (2001)

Home telemedicine presents special challenges for data security and privacy. Experience in the Informatics for Diabetes Education And Telemedicine (IDEATel) project has demonstrated that data security is not a one-size-fits-all problem. The IDEATel users include elderly patients in their homes, nurse case managers, physicians, and researchers. The project supports multiple computer systems that require a variety of user interactions, including: data entry, data review, patient education, videoconferencing, and electronic monitoring. To meet these various needs, a number of different of security solutions were utilized, including: UserID/Password, PKI certificates, time-based tokens, IP filtering, VPNs, symmetric and asymmetric encryption schemes, firewalls and dedicated connections. These were combined in different ways to meet the needs of each user groups.
Towards a performance- and energy-efficient data filter cache (2013)

As CPU data requests to the level-one (L1) data cache (DC) can represent as much as 25% of an embedded processor's total power dissipation, techniques that decrease L1 DC accesses can significantly enhance processor energy efficiency. Filter caches are known to efficiently decrease the number of accesses to instruction caches. However, due to the irregular access pattern of data accesses, a conventional data filter cache (DFC) has a high miss rate, which degrades processor performance. We propose to integrate a DFC with a fast address calculation technique to significantly reduce the impact of misses and to improve performance by enabling one-cycle loads. Furthermore, we show that DFC stalls can be eliminated even after unsuccessful fast address calculations, by simultaneously accessing the DFC and L1 DC on the following cycle. We quantitatively evaluate different DFC configurations, with and without the fast address calculation technique, using different write allocation policies, and qualitatively describe their impact on energy efficiency. The proposed design provides an efficient DFC that yields both energy and performance improvements.
In vivo B1-based SAR Determination in a Multi-transmit System with DREAM (2012)

A central issue of parallel RF transmission is the SAR management toensure patient safety. The additional degrees of freedom availablein parallel transmission hamper straight-forward SAR estimations asapplied for single channel transmission. As an alternative to the usually applied model-based SAR estimation, a new method has been proposed to estimate SAR from the acquired B1 maps. This B1-based SAR determination has been successfully tested for quadrature (single channel) excitation in vivo and non-quadrature (multi-channel) excitation in a phantom study. This study adapts B1-based SAR determination for non-quadrature excitation in vivo. To this goal, the local SAR inthighs and pelvis of a volunteer is investigated and compared withresults of corresponding FDTD simulations based on the same volunteer.
Simplified External Fixation for Primary Management of Severe Musculoskeletal Injuries Under War and Peace Time Conditions (1996)

This study was undertaken to document whether a basic set of a new unilateral external fixation device could provide sufficient stability in complex musculoskeletal injuries involving upper and lower extremities and in patients with unstable pelvic ring disruptions. The initial clinical evaluation was performed in Sweden (stage 1) followed by field evaluation at the Swedish Field Hospital during the Mogadishu conflict in Somalia (stage 2). In stage 1, there were 90 patients with 116 acute limb injuries and six patients with an unstable pelvic ring disruption. Ninety limb injuries and all six pelvic fractures were primarily stabilized by the external fixation device. The other 26 fractures were managed at the index operation with intramedullary nailing, open reduction, and internal fixation or cast immobilization. Twelve patients had a local pedicle or free vascularized flap for soft tissue coverage. One multiply injured with an open Gustilo IIIB tibial shaft fracture had an early amputation. The basic set provided adequate stabilization for soft tissue recovery in 89 limb injuries (89 of 90), thereby providing optimal conditions for continued management to skeletal consolidation in 88 patients. Hemodynamic stabilization was achieved in all six patients with unstable pelvic fractures. In stage 2, there were 63 patients with war injuries and 33 patients injured in traffic accidents. All were managed under field conditions. The basic set was sufficient for soft tissue recovery in all 96 cases. It is concluded that the rigidity of this device is adequate for stabilization of severe musculoskeletal injuries requiring major surgical procedures. In addition, the simplicity of this device, which allows for only a limited number of possible configurations makes it suitable for inexperienced surgeons working under war or mass-casualty conditions to manage these complex musculoskeletal injuries.
Determination of the Lumped Constant for the α‐Methyltryptophan Method of Estimating the Rate of Serotonin Synthesis (1995)

The lumped constant (LC) for the alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan method to convert the brain's uptake of labeled alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan into the regional rate of serotonin synthesis was estimated. The method involved independently estimating the unidirectional uptake constant of the tracer (alpha-[14C]methyl-L-tryptophan) to the tissue and the tracee (tryptophan) (with the addition of a radioactive compound) and calculating their ratio. The LC was estimated from logarithmically transformed data. Similar experiments were performed using rats treated with the drug probenecid, which blocks the efflux of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (a metabolite of serotonin) from the brain. The experiments using probenecid, corrected for the difference in the levels of plasma free tryptophan (increased in probenecid-treated rats) relative to control experiments, gave an average LC for the rat brain of 0.46 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- SD). This value was not significantly different from the one obtained in controls (0.43 +/- 0.13). In addition, the LC was also calculated using unidirectional uptake constants in the probenecid-treated rats for alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan and L-tryptophan. This LC value was 0.39 +/- 0.10. There was no significant difference between these three LC values. Thus, an average +/- SD LC of 0.42 +/- 0.07 for 28 brain structures investigated in this study was obtained. Statistically the LC obtained in different structures had a variability that could be accounted for by errors in measurements alone. In other words, dispersion in the LC values could be fully accounted for by chance alone. Data confirmed that the LC value did not change when the rate of serotonin synthesis was increased by probenecid treatment. We also showed that the rate of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid accumulation in probenecid-treated rats was 58 pmol g-1 min-1 (rat brain), which is about twice as much as reported by others for a normal rat. This difference could also be accounted for by the increase in the plasma level of free tryptophan in probenecid-treated rats.
Preparation of Hard Mesoporous Silica Spheres (1997)

Large, hard, transparent, mesoporous silica spheres are synthesized in one step by using oil-in-water emulsion chemistry under basic conditions with cationic surfactants and (n-BuO)4Si. The pores are shown by TEM and nitrogen absorption studies to be monodispersed in size, with total surface area over 1000 m2/g.
[Neural basis of spatial orientation and memory of routes: topokinetic memory or topokinesthesic memory]. (2001)

The neural basis of spatial orientation and the memory of routes have been explored by brain imaging (PET SCAN and fMRI) in human. Several cognitive strategies and several types of reference frames can be used by the brain to establish relations between our body and the environment. Four categories of brain areas have been considered: the areas involved in egocentric and allocentric coding on one hand and on the other hand the areas involved in the "route" like and the "survey or map" like strategies used during tasks in which subjects had to mentally remember a path by mental navigation or mental scanning of a map. The results have confirmed that parietal and frontal structures involved in "spatial neglect" are also found to be involved in the egocentric orientation tasks of subjective midline detection. More generally we have been able to identify parieto-frontal areas involved in visuo-spatial memory. In addition we have identified the areas involved in the cortical processing of vestibular information and lastly we have shown that in addition to the parieto-frontal areas a parieto temporal lobe network is involved in allocentric tasks and also during mental navigation by route or survey strategies. These results contribute to the identification of the neural basis of topographic memory but they also suggest that we have to define a particular type of spatial memory which is involved in the memory of routes and movements which we suggest to call "topo-kinetic" or "topo-kinesthetic" memory.