gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serotonin attenuates biotic stress and leads to lesion browning caused by a hypersensitive response to Magnaporthe oryzae penetration in rice (2015)

The hypersensitive response (HR) of plants is one of the earliest responses to prevent pathogen invasion. A brown dot lesion on a leaf is visual evidence of the HR against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in rice, but tracking the browning process has been difficult. In this study, we induced the HR in rice cultivars harboring the blast resistance gene Pit by inoculation of an incompatible M. oryzae strain, which generated a unique resistance lesion with a brown ring (halo) around the brown fungal penetration site. Inoculation analysis using a plant harboring Pit but lacking an enzyme that catalyzes tryptamine to serotonin showed that high accumulation of the oxidized form of serotonin was the cause of the browning at the halo and penetration site. Our analysis of the halo browning process in the rice leaf revealed that abscisic acid enhanced biosynthesis of serotonin under light conditions, and serotonin changed to the oxidized form via hydrogen peroxide produced by light. The dramatic increase in serotonin, which has a high antioxidant activity, suppressed leaf damage outside the halo, blocked expansion of the browning area and attenuated inhibition of plant growth. These results suggest that serotonin helps to reduce biotic stress in the plant by acting as a scavenger of oxygen radicals to protect uninfected tissues from oxidative damage caused by the HR. The deposition of its oxide at the HR lesion is observed as lesion browning.
The permanent electric dipole moment of CaOH (1990)

Theoretical calculations yield electric dipole moments ( μ) of 0.98, 0.49, and 0.11 Debye at the computed equilibrium geometries of the X 2Σ+, A 2Π, and B 2Σ+ states of CaOH. Thus the pure rotational spectra in these electronic states are expected to be weaker than the corresponding alkaline monohalides. This is consistent with our failure to observe the pure rotational spectrum of the X 2Σ+ state by microwave-optical double resonance spectroscopy, and is in agreement with our experimental determination of μ&amp;lt;1 D for the A 2Π3/2 state. However, the vibrational–rotational spectrum is quite strong, since dμ/dr is quite large in these ionic molecules. Using the free-ion polarizabilities, the modified Rittner model predicts a μ value of about −8 D for the X 2Σ+ state, which is in error by about 9 D. The theoretical values for total dipole moment, as well as contributions from Ca+ and OH−, can be reproduced using effective polarizabilities. However, this analysis shows that the effective polarizability of OH− is a much smaller fraction of the free-ion value than for Ca+, because Pauli repulsion restricts the OH− polarization toward the Ca+. Some account of this effect seems to be a prerequisite for the successful application of either Rittner or ligand field models to ionic systems.
Cloning and expression of a cDNA for mouse prostaglandin E receptor EP3 subtype. (1992)

A functional cDNA clone for mouse EP3 subtype of prostaglandin (PG) E receptor was isolated from a mouse cDNA library using polymerase chain reaction based on the sequence of the human thromboxane A2 receptor and cross-hybridization screening.The mouse EP3 receptor consists of 365 amino acid residues with putative seven-transmembrane domains.The sequence revealed significant homology to the human thromboxane A2 receptor.Ligand binding studies using membranes of COS cells transfected with the cDNA revealed specific [3H]PGE2 binding.The binding was displaced with unlabeled PGs in the order of PGE2 = PGEl > iloprost > PGF2, > PGD2.The EP3-selective agonists, M&B 28,767 or GR 6379912, potently competed for the ['H]PGE2 binding, but no competition was found with EP1-or EP2-selective ligands.PGEz and MQB 28,767 decreased forskolin-induced CAMP formation in a concentration-dependent manner in Chinese hamster ovary cells permanently expressing the cDNA.Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the EP3 mRNA is expressed abundantly in kidney, uterus, and mastocytoma P-815 cells and in a lesser amount in brain, thymus, lung, heart, stomach, and spleen.Eicosanoids comprising various oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid such as prostaglandins (PGs)' and leukotrienes exert a variety of biological activities for maintenance of local homeostasis in the body (1, 2).These metabolites act on a cell surface receptor specific for each member to exert their actions.Among them, PGEz in particular, produces a broad range of biological actions in diverse tissues.PGE,
High-resolution passive seismic tomography for 3D velocity, Poisson's ratio ν, and P-wave quality Q P in the Delvina hydrocarbon field, southern Albania (2011)

Abstract We have studied using traveltimes of P- and S-waves and initial seismic-pulse rise-time measurements from natural microearthquakes to derive 3D P-wave velocity VP information (mostly structural) as well as P- and S-wave velocity VP/VS and P-wave quality factor QP information (mostly lithologic) in a known hydrocarbon field in southern Albania. During a 12-month monitoring period, 1860 microearthquakes were located at a 50-station seismic network and were used to obtain the above parameters. The data set included earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from –0.1 to 3.0 R (Richter scale) and focal depths typically occurring between 2 and 10 km. Kohonen neural networks were implemented to facilitate the lithological classification of the passive seismic tomography (PST) results. The obtained results, which agreed with data from nearby wells, helped delineate the structure of the reservoir. Two subregions of the investigated area, one corresponding to an oil field and one to a gas field, were correlated with the PST results. This experiment showed that PST is a powerful new geophysical technique for exploring regions that present seismic penetration problems, difficult topographies, and complicated geologies, such as thrust-belt regions. The method is economical and environmentally friendly, and it can be used to investigate very large regions for the optimal design of planned 2D or 3D conventional geophysical surveys.
CD8+ T cell-independent mechanisms of PD-1-mediated suppression of anti-tumor immunity in mice (2017)

Abstract Over expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 commonly occurs in cancer, and PD-1 signaling suppresses protective anti-tumor immune responses. While early clinical trials with PD-1 inhibitors in cancer have been promising, the majority of patients have not shown durable clinical benefit, and the mechanisms underlying both successes and failures remain poorly defined. CD8+ T cells can directly kill tumor cells, and CD8+T cell infiltration of human tumors positively correlates with responses to PD-1 blockade. CD8+ T cells in tumors (TILs) often show high expression of PD-1; however, PD-1 is also expressed by other cell types, including CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), B cells, and some myeloid cells. Consequently, we hypothesized that loss of PD-1 only on CD8+ T cells may not be sufficient to control tumor burden. To address this question, we compared tumor responses in mice completely deficient for PD-1 (referred to as cKO) or selectively deficient for PD-1 on CD8+ T cells (E8i-cre PD-1f/f mice, referred to as CD8ΔPD-1). Following subcutaneous implantation of MC38 adenocarcinoma tumor cells, 100% of PD-1 cKO mice cleared the tumor. In contrast, only 70% of CD8ΔPD-1 mice controlled the tumor. Moreover, in CD8ΔPD-1 mice that controlled tumor, the average time to clearance was delayed compared to PD-1 cKO mice. In both PD-1 cKO and CD8ΔPD-1 mice, CD8+ TILs showed elevated granzyme B levels and an increased CD8 to Treg ratio, suggesting that CD8+ T cell-independent mechanisms contribute to immunity following loss of PD-1 in MC38 tumors. On-going work examining both tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells is focused on identifying these CD8+T cell-independent mechanisms of PD-1-mediated suppression.
New N3S Donor Ligand Small Peptide Analogues of the N-Mercaptoacetyl-glycylglycylglycine Ligand in the Clinically Used Tc-99m Renal Imaging Agent:  Evidence for Unusual Amide Oxygen Coordination by Two New Ligands (2002)

Three new X-ray structurally characterized Re(V)O complexes, ReO(MEG(3)H(2)) (10), ReClO(MAEG(2)H(3)) (11), and [ReO(MECG(2)H(2))](2) (12), were prepared from protected forms of three new ligands, mercaptoethyl-glycylglycylglycine (MEG(3)H(5)), mercaptoacetamide-ethyl-glycylglycine (MAEG(2)H(5)), and mercaptoethyl-carbamoylmethyl-glycylglycine (MECG(2)H(5)). (Subscript on H indicates the number of dissociable protons.) Mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG(3)H(5)) is the ligand precursor for the clinically used Tc-99m renal imaging agent. The new potentially N(3)S donor ligands have a glycylglycine carboxyl end as in MAG(3)H(5), but a secondary amine (sp(3) N) replaces one amide (sp(2) N) of MAG(3)H(5). ReO(MEG(3)H(2)) (10) is a typical five-coordinate pseudo-square-pyramidal complex with the oxo ligand at the apex and the trianionic form of MEG(3)H(5) coordinated in the basal plane via N(3)S. In the other complexes, the quadridentate ligand has N(2)OS ligation, with the carbonyl oxygen of the glycyl amide group coordinated trans to the oxo ligand. This unusual ligation mode, which is facilitated by the preferred endo configuration of the ligated glycyl sp(3) N, leaves a vacant basal coordination site. In 11, the chloro ligand completes the equatorial plane, whereas, in 12, a glycine carboxylate oxygen of the ligand on the partner Re completes the equatorial plane. Both complexes thus possess an unexpected pseudo-octahedral geometry. For 10, 11, and 12, the (1)H NMR spectra, monitored from high to low pH, exhibited changes only when the pH was lowered below 6. This finding indicates that at physiological pH these complexes possess the desirable characteristic of existing as one monomeric species having only one ionization state, with the coordinated sp(3) N deprotonated. Below pH 6 and above pH approximately 4, changes in the (1)H NMR shifts indicate that this sp(3) N has become protonated. Thus, the N(3)S ligands in all three complexes exhibit normal coordination above pH approximately 4. However, X-ray data for 11 and 12 and some NMR evidence for 11 indicate that the ligands of the two complexes rearrange at low pH (<3). The striking differences between the solution- and solid-state structures reinforce the caveat that solution structural studies conducted at physiological pH are necessary in order to gain insight into the nature of radiopharmaceuticals.
Rilpivirine in HIV-1-positive women initiating pregnancy: to switch or not to switch? (2020)

In virologically suppressed women initiating pregnancy, continuing rilpivirine was associated with better virological outcome than changing regimen. We did not observe a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Pharmacokinetics of intranasal amiloride in healthy volunteers (2023)

Anxiety and panic disorders are the most common mental illnesses in the United States and lack effective treatment options. Acid-sending ion channels (ASICs) in the brain were shown to be associated with fear conditioning and anxiety responses and therefore are potential targets for treating panic disorder. Amiloride is an inhibitor of the ASICs in the brain and was shown to reduce panic symptoms in preclinical animal models. An intranasal formulation of amiloride will be highly beneficial to treat acute panic attacks due to advantages such as the rapid onset of action and patient compliance. The aim of this single-center, open-label trial was to evaluate the basic pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of amiloride after intranasal administration in healthy human volunteers at three doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg). Amiloride was detected in plasma within 10 min of intranasal administration and showed a biphasic PK profile with an initial peak within 10 min of administration followed by a second peak between 4 and 8 h of administration. The biphasic PKs indicate an initial rapid absorption via the nasal pathway and later slower absorption by non-nasal pathways. Intranasal amiloride exhibited a dose-proportional increase in the area under the curve and did not exhibit any systemic toxicity. These data indicate that intranasal amiloride is rapidly absorbed and safe at the doses evaluated and can be further considered for clinical development as a portable, rapid, noninvasive, and nonaddictive anxiolytic agent to treat acute panic attacks.
An instantaneous slip frequency control strategy for the dual stator-winding induction generator variable frequency AC power system (2012)

This paper presents an instantaneous slip frequency control (ISFC) strategy for the dual stator-winding induction generator (DWIG) variable frequency AC (VFAC) power system. In this ISFC scheme, the information of both the output voltage and the output power is employed to guarantee the system has a desirable static and dynamic performance. The experimental results on a 15 kW prototype verify the principle and performance of the proposed control method.
ChemInform Abstract: RING‐OPENING REACTIONS OF 2‐BENZOYLCYCLOPROPANE ISOCYANATE (1975)

Abstract Aus den stereoisomeren Anhydriden (Ia) und (IIa) erhält manüber die Azide (Ib) bzw. (IIb) bei der Umlagerung die isomeren 2‐Benzoylcyclopropanisocyanate (Ic) bzw. (IIc).
Extending the Representational Power of Model- Based Systems using Generalized Timelines (2001)

Current declarative systems are limited to a small number of types of states and resources that they can represent. Thus software is usually hand-crafted to meet the needs of the state validation-estimation-projection for real domains where estimation is not sufficient.
Real-Time, Multiple, Pan/Tilt/Zoom, Computer Vision Tracking, and 3D Position Estimating System for Unmanned Aerial System Metrology (2013)

Abstract : The study of structural characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) continues to be an important field of research for developing state of the art nano/micro systems. Development of a metrology system using computer vision (CV) tracking and 3D point extraction would provide an avenue for making these theoretical developments. This work provides a portable, scalable system capable of real-time tracking, zooming, and 3D position estimation of a UAS using multiple cameras. Current state-of-the-art photogrammetry systems use retro-reflective markers or single point lasers to obtain object poses and/or positions over time. Using a CV pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) system has the potential to circumvent their limitations. The system developed in this paper exploits parallel-processing and the GPU for CV-tracking, using optical flow and known camera motion, in order to capture a moving object using two PTU cameras. The parallel-processing technique developed in this work is versatile, allowing the ability to test other CV methods with a PTZ system using known camera motion. Utilizing known camera poses, the object's 3D position is estimated and focal lengths are estimated for filling the image to a desired amount. This system is tested against truth data obtained using an industrial system.
On‐Chip Neo‐Glycopeptide Synthesis for Multivalent Glycan Presentation (2020)

Single glycan-protein interactions are often weak, such that glycan binding partners commonly utilize multiple, spatially defined binding sites to enhance binding avidity and specificity. Current array technologies usually neglect defined multivalent display. Laser-based array synthesis technology allows for flexible and rapid on-surface synthesis of different peptides. By combining this technique with click chemistry, neo-glycopeptides were produced directly on a functionalized glass slide in the microarray format. Density and spatial distribution of carbohydrates can be tuned, resulting in well-defined glycan structures for multivalent display. The two lectins concanavalin A and langerin were probed with different glycans on multivalent scaffolds, revealing strong spacing-, density-, and ligand-dependent binding. In addition, we could also measure the surface dissociation constant. This approach allows for a rapid generation, screening, and optimization of a multitude of multivalent scaffolds for glycan binding.
Mutation Screening of the Neurogenin-3 Gene in Autosomal Dominant Diabetes1 (2001)

We investigated whether genetic variability in neurogenin-3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is expressed in the developing pancreas, contributes to the etiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young or other forms of autosomal dominant diabetes. Ninety-one probands of families with autosomal dominant diabetes were screened for neurogenin-3 mutations by dideoxy fingerprinting. Three sequence differences were identified: a polymorphism not affecting the amino acid sequence (L75L), a CA insertion/deletion in intron 1 (-44ins/del), and a C to T transition causing a serine to phenylalanine substitution (S199F). None of these sequence differences were more frequent in the family probands than in 179 nondiabetic controls. In contrast, allele 199F was weakly, but significantly, associated with common type 2 diabetes (199F frequencies = 0.436 in 132 cases with type 2 diabetes vs. 0.346 in the family probands and 0.346 in controls; P = 0.05). The relative risk of type 2 diabetes for 199F carriers was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.7). We conclude that sequence differences in the neurogenin-3 gene do not play a major role in the development of autosomal dominant diabetes. Rather, they might contribute to common type 2 diabetes, although this finding must be replicated in other populations.
Superconducting State and Phase Transitions (2017)

From the days when superconductivity was discovered its science was entangled by the unresolved problem of the relationship between superconducting state, its crystal structure and its phase transitions. The problem was exacerbated by the division of phase transition into first and second order. Adding to that the irroneous idea of the structural identity of the superconducting and normal phases, the whole issue was uncertain and confusing. This article shows that the phase transitions attested previously as a second order are first order by (a) demonstrating that the “heat capacity λ-anomaly” in liquid He was actually latent heat, (b) confirming the Justy and Laue thermodynamic consideration that the second-order type cannot exist, and (c) revealing that not a single well-proven second-order phase transition in solid state was ever found. Thermodynamic arguments are presented that being a first-order phase transition means crystal rearrangement, and that the universal nucleation-and-growth mechanism of phase transitions is the way it to materialize. In particular case of normal – superconducting phase transitions we have shown that (1) the normal and superconducting crystal structures are not identical, (2) the phase transition between them proceeds by a structural rearrangement, (3) the epitaxial version of the nucleation-and-growth is its molecular mechanism, (4) because the mechanism is universal toward all kinds of solid-state phase transitions, there was no basis to assume that it leads to description of superconductivity. Elimination of the identified wrong concepts and misinterpretations will accelerate the advancement of the science of superconductivity toward creation of efficient inexpensive high-temperature superconductors.
Ferrite Film Loaded Frequency Selective Metamaterials for Sub-GHz Applications (2016)

Electromagnetic metamaterials are constructed with sub-wavelength structures that exhibit particular electromagnetic properties under a certain frequency range. Because the form-factor of the substructures has to be comparable to the wavelength of the operating frequency, few papers have discussed the metamaterials under GHz frequency. In this paper, we developed an innovative method to reduce the resonant frequency of metamaterals. By integrating the meta-structures with ferrite materials of higher permeability, the cell size of the meta-structure can be scaled down. This paper describes the methodology, design, and development of low-profile GHz ferrite loaded metamaterials. A ferrite film with a permeability of 20 could reduce the resonant frequency of metamaterials by up to 50%. A prototype has been fabricated and the measurement data align well with the simulation results. Because of the lowered operational frequency, the proposed ferrite loaded metamaterials offer more flexibility for various sub-GHz microwave applications, such as cloaks, absorbers, and frequency selective surfaces.
SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED NAVIGABLE DATABASES FOR INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS (1994)

Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) are placing formidable challenges before the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) community regarding the issues of dynamic data collection and sharing. This paper outlines the problem and reviews the requirements that are driving the need for a distributed spatial database in meeting the needs of IVHS. A set of contemporary GIS architectures is described and evaluated regarding these requirements.
Endotoxin testing of proteins for parenteral administration using the Mono Mac 6 assay (2000)

The Mono Mac 6 assay is a reliable method for quantitative detection of endotoxin in proteins.
A Case of Primary Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Peritoneum in a Man (2008)

Purpose: Immunohistological and electron microscopic examinations at autopsy were performed to confirm a diagnosis of a patient, who was clinically diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma by percutaneous biopsy of thickening part of peritoneum. Methods: Enhanced CT scan showed distended stomach and rectum, broad intestinal wall thickening, thickening peritoneum, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, small amount of ascites, mild hydronephrosis and thrombosis of innominate and jugular vein. The echo-guided biopsy of the thickening part in the peritoneum was performed, and the lesion was diagnosed as poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, immunohistological analysis and additional imaging studies could not determine a primary lesion. At autopsy, immunohistochemical studies were performed using primary antibodies for pancytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125, neuron-specific enolase, calretinin, D2-40, WT1, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, BerEP4, LeuM1, CA19-9, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and thyroglobulin. Electron microscopic examination was further performed. Results: Histological examination revealed invasive growth of neoplastic cuboidal or columnar cells with eccentric nuclei forming papillary and glandular structures. Psammoma bodies were found. These microscopic features were highly reminiscent of ovarian/peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma of women. Tumor invasion was observed in subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall. The tumor also invaded the right ureter, resulting in hydronephrosis of the right kidney. No tumor was found in paratesticular regions. Metastasis of the tumor was found in lymph nodes (mesenteric, paraaortic, and paratracheal), left adrenal gland, and bilateral lungs. The lungs showed marked lymphangitis carcinomatosa and tumor emboli in the pulmonary artery branches. Venous thrombi containing metastatic tumor cells filled the lumina of the left jugular vein and left renal vein. No primary tumor was found in the visceral organs. The tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratin, EMA, monoclonal CEA, CA125, and NSE. They were negative for calretinin, D2–40, WT1, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, BerEP4, LeuM1 (CD15), CA19-9, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and thyroglobulin. In electron microscopic examination of the tumor cells, no apparent microvillus was found, although a small number of irregular short cytoplasmic processes were observed. Bundles of intermediate filaments were not seen in these cells. These findings indicated that the tumor was papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum in a man. The diagnosis of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma was unlikely. Conclusion: This report is the third case of PSCP in male.