gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite Ziehl-Gram Staining Method (1943)

these tumours. The experiments with Carcinoma 63 (12 animals treated) conform exactly to those of Gye and his co-workers, and need not be reported in detail, and only the protocols dealing with the dibenzanthracene sarcomas and benzpyrene skin epitheliomas are given below.
Sublingual immunotherapy (2008)

Increasing data support the safety and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy and its validity as a first-line treatment option for allergic rhinitis; however, acceptance in the United States is hindered by the lack of confirmatory evidence with United States-licensed products and the reluctance of allergists to accept evidence based on European studies and products. The future of sublingual immunotherapy in the United States will require addressing regulatory, economic and medical criteria.
9,10-Dihydro-9-methylacridine (1991)

C 14 H 13 N cristallise dans P1 avec a=10,354, b=10,332, c=10,452 A, α=79,51, β=81,06, γ=81,76 o , Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,036. Les cycles phenyl du compose sont plans. Les angles entre les normales aux plans des moindres carres des cycles phenyl sont de 156 o dans l'une des molecules, de 160 o dans l'autre
Knowledge-independent traffic monitoring: Unsupervised detection of network attacks (2012)

The philosophy of traffic monitoring for detection of network attacks is based on an acquired knowledge perspective: current techniques detect either the well-known attacks on which they are programmed to alert, or those anomalous events that deviate from a known normal operation profile or behavior. In this article we discuss the limitations of current knowledge-based strategy to detect network attacks in an increasingly complex and ever evolving Internet. In a diametrically opposite perspective, we place the emphasis on the development of unsupervised detection methods, capable of detecting network attacks in a changing environment without any previous knowledge of either the characteristics of the attack or the baseline traffic behavior. Based on the observation that a large fraction of network attacks are contained in a small fraction of traffic flows, we demonstrate how to combine simple clustering techniques to accurately identify and characterize malicious flows. To show the feasibility of such a knowledge-independent approach, we develop a robust multiclustering-based detection algorithm, and evaluate its ability to detect and characterize network attacks without any previous knowledge, using packet traces from two real operational networks.
Tip Screenout Fracturing: A Technique for Soft, Unstable Formations (1987)

Summary Several special stimulation techniques have been proposed for soft, unstable formations. One example is a combination of acid and proppant, which leaves the acid channels full of sand. This paper discusses an alternative completion technique that involves only normal sand fracture procedures and is effective where acid is ineffectual or undesirable. Because the procedure is aimed primarily at creating short, high-conductivity fractures in soft formations, its use can be extended to any formation where such a treatment is practical and economically feasible. The fracture design is based on intentionally screening out the tip of the fracture with sand and then continuing to pump slurry to increase the fracture width and to pack the fracture with proppant to obtain high conductivity. Because this involves severe risk of a premature screenout, and because failure to achieve the tip screenout will not yield the desired stimulation, special prefracture tests are required to determine fracture design variables. The implementation and analysis of these tests are discussed, along with the theory behind the fracture design schedule. This theory is then compared with fracture pressure data and production performance from two wells completed in an Upper Cretaceous chalk formation in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea.
Electroencephalography Signal Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Methods and Techniques (2023)

The electroencephalography (EEG) signal is a noninvasive and complex signal that has numerous applications in biomedical fields, including sleep and the brain-computer interface. Given its complexity, researchers have proposed several advanced preprocessing and feature extraction methods to analyze EEG signals. In this study, we analyze a comprehensive review of numerous articles related to EEG signal processing. We searched the major scientific and engineering databases and summarized the results of our findings. Our survey encompassed the entire process of EEG signal processing, from acquisition and pretreatment (denoising) to feature extraction, classification, and application. We present a detailed discussion and comparison of various methods and techniques used for EEG signal processing. Additionally, we identify the current limitations of these techniques and analyze their future development trends. We conclude by offering some suggestions for future research in the field of EEG signal processing.
Bioluminescence of the firefly: key steps in the formation of the electronically excited state for model systems. (1978)

The chemcial mechanism for formatin of electronically excited-state molecules from the thermal reaction of dimethyldioxetanone was studied. Light production in the presence of certain easily oxidized aromatic hydrocarbons was found not to conform to the classical mechanistic schemes for chemiexcitation. Detailed investigation of the dioxetanone system revealed light formation by the recently discovered, chemically initiated electron-exchange process. This result is extrapolated to bioluminescent systems. In particular, the key high-energy molecule involved in firefly luminescence, which has been identified as a dioxetanone, is postulated to form excited states as a result of intramolecular electron transfer from the phenoxythiazole moiety to the dioxetanone. Subsequent rapid decarboxylation results in direct formation of an excited single state of the emitting amide.
Reconstructing Biological and Digital Phylogenetic Trees in Parallel. (2020)

In this paper, we study the parallel query complexity of reconstructing biological and digital phylogenetic trees from simple queries involving their nodes. This is motivated from computational biology, data protection, and computer security settings, which can be abstracted in terms of two parties, a responder, Alice, who must correctly answer queries of a given type regarding a degree-d tree, T, and a querier, Bob, who issues batches of queries, with each query in a batch being independent of the others, so as to eventually infer the structure of T. We show that a querier can efficiently reconstruct an n-node degree-d tree, T, with a logarithmic number of rounds and quasilinear number of queries, with high probability, for various types of queries, including relative-distance queries and path queries. Our results are all asymptotically optimal and improve the asymptotic (sequential) query complexity for one of the problems we study. Moreover, through an experimental analysis using both real-world and synthetic data, we provide empirical evidence that our algorithms provide significant parallel speedups while also improving the total query complexities for the problems we study.
Environmental Cleaning Intervention and Risk of Acquiring Multidrug-Resistant Organisms From Prior Room Occupants (2011)

Enhanced intensive care unit cleaning using the intervention methods may reduce MRSA and VRE transmission. It may also eliminate the risk of MRSA acquisition due to an MRSA-positive prior room occupant.
Wearable Textile Battery Rechargeable by Solar Energy (2013)

Wearable electronics represent a significant paradigm shift in consumer electronics since they eliminate the necessity for separate carriage of devices. In particular, integration of flexible electronic devices with clothes, glasses, watches, and skin will bring new opportunities beyond what can be imagined by current inflexible counterparts. Although considerable progresses have been seen for wearable electronics, lithium rechargeable batteries, the power sources of the devices, do not keep pace with such progresses due to tenuous mechanical stabilities, causing them to remain as the limiting elements in the entire technology. Herein, we revisit the key components of the battery (current collector, binder, and separator) and replace them with the materials that support robust mechanical endurance of the battery. The final full-cells in the forms of clothes and watchstraps exhibited comparable electrochemical performance to those of conventional metal foil-based cells even under severe folding-unfolding motions simulating actual wearing conditions. Furthermore, the wearable textile battery was integrated with flexible and lightweight solar cells on the battery pouch to enable convenient solar-charging capabilities.
Automatic 3-D face model adaptation for model-based coding of videophone sequences (2002)

For model-based coding of videophone sequences at very low bit rates, an algorithm for the automatic adaptation of a generic 3-D face model to individual faces in videophone sequences is presented. The face model is adapted to the individual facial features of the person-namely, to the eye centers, the eye corners, the eyelids, the irises, the mouth center, the mouth corners, the lips, the eyebrows, the nose, and the chin and cheek contours. First, these facial features are estimated from the videophone sequence. Then, using these estimated facial features, the 3-D face model is adapted to the individual face. Applying the presented algorithm to the videophone sequences Akiyo, Claire, and Miss America, all required facial features are successfully estimated, and face models are adapted. The distance between manually determined facial feature points in the image and projections of the corresponding vertices of the adapted 3-D face model onto the image plane is between 1.5 and 3.5 pels.
Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review (2022)

Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
Group Velocity (1965)

This paper gives a survey of the theory of group velocity for one-dimensional and three-dimensional, isotropic and anisotropic, homogeneous and inhomogeneous, conservative and dissipative, linear and non-linear, classical and relativistic systems exhibiting wave propagation under free and forced-motion conditions.
Extreme Raman Spectral Broadening in Hollow-Core Fibers (2020)

Stimulated Raman Scattering over ~6-m-long nitrogen-filled hollow-core fibers enables the efficient generation of high-energy (mJ), few-cycle (~20-fs), shortwave-IR (1-1.73 µm) pulses. Full three-dimensional model is also required to predict the observed extremely asymmetric spectral broadening.
Iridoids and phenylethanoids of Verbena bipinnatifida nutt. (2000)

Iridoids and phenylethanoids were separated from Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. (Verbenaceae). The compounds identified are pulchelloside I and II--iridoids and martynoside, verbascoside-phenylethanoids. The structures of all the compounds isolated were elucidated by classical and spectroscopic methods.
You never surf alone. Ubiquitous tracking of users' browsing habits (2016)

In the early age of the internet users enjoyed a large level of anonymity. At the time web pages were just hypertext documents; almost no personalisation of the user experience was o ered. The Web today has evolved as a world wide distributed system following specific architectural paradigms. On the web now, an enormous quantity of user generated data is shared and consumed by a network of applications and services, reasoning upon users expressed preferences and their social and physical connections. Advertising networks follow users' browsing habits while they surf the web, continuously collecting their traces and surfing patterns. We analyse how users tracking happens on the web by measuring their online footprint and estimating how quickly advertising networks are able to pro le users by their browsing habits.
A BIOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS TO ASSESS X-RAY SENSITIVITY OF HEALTHY AND TUMOUR CELLS (2018)

The mechanobiology is providing novel perspectives in the study of cancer and is contributing to evaluate the cancer responses, from a biophysical point of view, to classical therapeutic approaches- radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Here we have explored the effects of two doses (4 and 8 Gy) of 6 MeV photons on spreading, focal adhesions, migration and mechanical properties of BALB/c 3T3 and their SV40 transformed equivalent, SVT2. Cell biophysical responses to 4 and 8 Gy were analysed and compared with those reported in previous published work when lower doses (1 and 2 Gy) were administered Panzetta et al. (Effects of high energy X-rays on cell morphology and functions. Proc. Book 2017;16:116). We observed that the range of sensitivity to ionising radiations profoundly changes depending on the patho-physiological state of cells. In particular, we found that X-rays induce morphological and functional variations in both cell lines (decreased motility, increased adhesion and increased cytoskeleton stiffness). These changes were slightly dependent on doses in the case of SVT2 cells and may indicate a possible mechanical normalisation in their phenotype. Nevertheless, the responses of BALB/c 3T3 were negligible only for the low dose of 1 Gy and increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner with higher doses. We believe that the characterisation of X-rays effects on the cell mechanobiology could shed new light in the design and customisation of radiotherapy treatments.
A PhoA-STII Based Method for Efficient Extracellular Secretion and Purification of Fab from Escherichia coli (2019)

In comparison with full-length IgGs, antigen binding fragments (Fabs) are smaller in size and do not require the complexed post-translational modification. Therefore, Fab can be cost-effectively produced using an <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli</i>) expression system. However, the disulfide-bonds containing exogenous protein, including Fab, tend to form insoluble inclusion bodies in <i>E. coli</i>, which has been the bottleneck for exogenous protein expressions using this system. The secretory expression of proteins in periplasm or extracellular medium are promising strategies to prevent the formation of inclusion bodies to improve the efficiency to produce Fabs from <i>E. coli</i>. The extracellular expression is of particularly interest since it releases the product into the medium, while periplasmic expression yield is limited to the periplasm space. In addition, the extracellular expression allows for the direct harvesting of proteins from the culture supernatant, sparing the procedures of cell lysis and reducing contamination of host cell protein or DNA. Using anti-VEGF Fab as an example, here we provide a protocol based on the alkaline phosphatase (phoA) promoter and the heat-stable enterotoxin II (STII) leader sequence. Using phosphate starvation to induce the secretory expression, the protocol could be generally used for the efficient production of Fabs.
A bone marrow niche-derived molecular switch between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis (2018)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside and are maintained in specialized microenvironments within the bone marrow known as niches, which are comprised of various cell types. Among them, leptin receptor (LepR)-expressing CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-abundant reticular (CAR) cells are known to create a niche for HSCs and at the same time to give rise to osteoblasts. These two functions of CAR/LepR<sup>+</sup> cells appear to be tightly but inversely regulated to ensure adequate physical space for HSCs. However, how osteogenesis is prevented in CAR cells to maintain spaces available for HSCs and hematopoiesis remains unclear. In this issue of <i>Genes & Development</i>, Seike and colleagues (pp. 359-372) report that the transcription factor early B-cell factor (<i>Ebf3</i>) is preferentially expressed by CAR/LepR<sup>+</sup> cells and inhibits CAR cell differentiation into osteoblasts while at the same time maintaining self-renewal of CAR/LepR<sup>+</sup> cells. Using conditional knockout and retroviral systems, the investigators show that loss of <i>Ebf3</i> in CAR cells impairs HSC numbers and leads to osteosclerosis. This study provides novel insights into transcriptional requirements for CAR cell bone formation by identifying Ebf3 as a niche factor secreted from CAR/Lepr<sup>+</sup> cells that regulates the interplay between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis.
Three-color organic light-emitting diodes patterned by masked dye diffusion (1999)

A method of masked dye diffusion to locally pattern the emissive color of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) over a large area is introduced. By using a large-area diffusion source, which may be a spin-coated doped polymer film, the entire process of masked diffusion of dye into a polymer film of an OLED to create an integrated three-color device has been demonstrated at atmospheric pressure. The materials used to demonstrate this method are the polymer poly(9-vinylcarbazole) combined with electron transport molecules, and the dyes bimane, coumarin 6, and Nile red.
Impact of postoperative radiation therapy for deeply invasive oral cavity cancer upstaged to stage III (2019)

PORT is associated with improved survival for patients with OCSCC upstaged to stage III for >10 mm depth.
1-norm Support Vector Machines (2003)

The standard 2-norm SVM is known for its good performance in two-class classification. In this paper, we consider the 1-norm SVM. We argue that the 1-norm SVM may have some advantage over the standard 2-norm SVM, especially when there are redundant noise features. We also propose an efficient algorithm that computes the whole solution path of the 1-norm SVM, hence facilitates adaptive selection of the tuning parameter for the 1-norm SVM.
Optimizing the DRAM refresh count for merged DRAM/logic LSIs (1998)

In merged DRAM/logic LSIs, the DRAM portion could suffer from shorter data retention time because of heat and noise caused by the logic portion. Frequent refreshes increase power consumption. Also, they disturb normal DRAM accesses leading to performance degradation. In order to overcome this problem, we propose several DRAM refresh architectures. The basic idea is to eliminate unnecessary DRAM refreshes. We have estimated the DRAM refresh count in executing benchmark programs under several architecture models. As a result, in the most effective combination of the architectures, we have obtained more than 80% reduction against a conventional DRAM refresh architecture for most benchmark programs. In addition to it, even when we have taken normal DRAM access into account, we have obtained more than 50% reduction for several benchmarks.
MRT letter: Nanoscopy of protein colocalization in living cells by STED and GSDIM (2011)

We report the use of superresolution fluorescence microscopy for studying the nanoscale distribution of protein colocalization in living mammalian cells. Nanoscale imaging is attained both by a targeted and a stochastic fluorescence on-off switching superresolution method, namely by stimulated emission depletion (STED) and ground state depletion microscopy followed by individual molecular return (GSDIM), respectively. Analysis of protein colocalization is performed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Specifically, a nonfluorescent fragment of the yellow fluorescent protein Citrine is fused to tubulin while a counterpart nonfluorescent fragment is fused to the microtubulin-associated protein MAP2 such that fluorescence is reconstituted on contact of the fragment-carrying proteins. Images with resolution down to 65 nm prove a powerful new way for studying protein colocalization in living cells at the nanoscale.
Contact-free Crater Depth Monitoring Using Measured Acoustic Shock Waves for Smart Laser Surgery Applications: Preliminary Result (2019)

The use of lasers for bone cutting holds many advantages over mechanical tools, such as more functional cuts and faster wound healing. To avoid undesirable tissue damage, a method to classify the tissue and measured the depth incision is desired. Measurement of crater depth during laser tissue ablation for laser surgery application is still an issue. We monitored crater depth based on Time-of-Flight (ToF) of the measured acoustic shock wave (ASW) during laser tissue ablation. ASW was simultaneously measured by an air-coupled transducer/microphone and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We also investigated the impact of crater depth to the amplitude/pressure of ASW. The noncontact monitoring features will be used as feedback for smart laser surgery.
Syntheses and characterisation of rhenium-(III) and -(V) complexes containing aminophosphine ligands. Crystal structures of [ReVOCl2(OMe)L] and [ReIIICl3L(PPh3)], L = o-(diphenylphosphino)-N ,N′-dimethylaniline (1997)

Substitution reactions of labile rhenium(V) precursors with o-(diphenylphosphino)-N,N′ -dimethylaniline, L, gave a series of monooxorhenium(V) complexes of general formula [ReOX 2 Y(L)] (X = Y = Cl 1; X = Cl, Y = OMe 2) and [ReOX 2 (OEt)L] (X = Cl 3, Br 4 or I 5). These complexes, which contain only one aminophosphine chelate, have a distorted-octahedral geometry, as evidenced by a crystal structure determination of 2. Reactions conducted in basic media, or treatment of 2 in the presence of the weakly co-ordinating trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, gave the bis(chelate) cationic complexes [ReO 2 L 2 ] + 6 and [ReCl 2 L 2 ] + 7, respectively. Similar ligand-exchange reactions between the lower-oxidation-state precursor [Re III Cl 3 (MeCN)(PPh 3 ) 2 ] and L or L′ [o-(diphenylphosphino)aniline] still produced mono-substituted aminophosphine complexes, i.e. [Re III Cl 3 L(PPh 3 )] 8 or [Re III Cl 3 L′(PPh 3 )] 9 in which there is a meridional arrangement of chloride ligands along with a cis-phosphorus co-ordination. The crystal structure of 8 was determined. On the contrary, treatment of [Re III X 3 (MeCN)(PPh 3 ) 2 ] (X = Cl or Br) with L′ in the presence of co-ordinating hydrohalogenic acid gave bis-substituted cationic complexes [ReX 2 L′ 2 ] + (X = Cl 10 or Br 11). In spite of the paramagnetism of the low-spin d 4 ion, all of the rhenium(III) complexes can be conveniently characterised in solution by proton NMR spectroscopy.