gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPRAY RENDERING: A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR VISUALIZATION (1993)

We propose a new framework for doing scientific visualization that allows the users to freely explore their data set. This framework uses a metaphorical abstraction of a virtual can of spray paint that can be used to render data sets and make them visi-ble. Different cans of spray paint may be used to color the data differently. Different types of spray paint may also be used to highlight different features in the data set. To achieve this, individual paint particles are endowed with intelligent behavior. This idea offers several advantages over existing methods: (1) it generalizes the current techniques of surface, volume and flow visualization under one coherent framework; (2) it works with regular and irregular grids as well as sparse and dense data sets; (3) it allows selective progressive refinement and can be implemented on parallel architectures in a straight forward manner; (4) it is modular, extensible and provides scientists with the flexibility for exploring relationships in their data sets in natural and artistic ways. 1
Electrophilic heteroaromatic substitutions. 2. Mechanism of the side-chain halogenation of polysubstituted .alpha.-methylpyrroles with molecular chlorine (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic heteroaromatic substitutions. 2. Mechanism of the side-chain halogenation of polysubstituted .alpha.-methylpyrroles with molecular chlorineGiancarlo Angelini, Gabriello Illuminati, Anna Monaci, Giancarlo Sleiter, and Maurizio SperanzaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 4, 1377–1382Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00524a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00524a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Quantitative Analysis Method for Evaluation of White Rust Occurrence on Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets with Chemical Conversion Coatings (2011)

In relation to the evaluation of corrosion resistance of zinc-coated steel sheets with chemical conversion coatings, evaluation of white rust occurrence is commonly conducted by visual observation of the specimens. However, because large individual variation exists in evaluation by visual observation and minute white rust is generated on the specimen surface, it is difficult to evaluate corrosion resistance objectively. An evaluation method was developed to appropriately evaluate the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated steel sheets with chemical conversion of coatings. It can visualize minute white rust accurately using low-angle lighting, a line scan camera, and a linear stage. Furthermore, the corrosion area ratio of the white rust can be evaluated quantitatively using image analysis. Good correlation was found between the developed quantitative analysis method and evaluation by visual observation.The developed quantitative analysis method is applicable to various corrosion tests such as the exposure test, the salt spray test (SST), the combined cyclic corrosion test (CCT), and a new accelerated corrosion test (ACTE: Accelerated Corrosion Test for Electrical appliances). Superior correlation was found between the ACTE results and corrosion in actual environments. The ACTE test can estimate the influence of the amount of deposited sea salt on corrosion resistance of materials. The ACTE test and the developed quantitative analysis method enable appropriate evaluation of the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated steel sheets with chromate-free coatings.
Analyzes of Chirps Spread Spectrum of ES920LR LoRa 920 MHz (2022)

One of the essential things in research using LoRa apart from the Internet of Things platform is that specific Chirps signals can be seen using a LoRa signal analyzer. Chirps is a type of signal in the form of Radar generated by LoRa during the communication process between LoRa at a certain frequency; in this research, using types of 920 MHz frequencies using the ES920LR type of LoRa, which is compatible in Japan. This research needs to be carried out in order to know the LoRa performance seen from the resulting Chirps signal, and in this research, the focus is to discuss the LoRa Chirps. In the current study, Chirps can be analyzed with MatLab programming. This research will compare signal chirps using MatLab programming and direct observations with Signal Analyzer; In conducting further studies, observations were made from the results of 2-way or more communication from the LoRa. And the possibility of analyzing the possible Symbol error rate of LoRa communication and the number sample of LoRa with various values of Spreading Factor (SF) and Bandwidth. Chirps Spread Spectrum (CSS) ES920LR LoRa is influenced by two critical parameters, i.e., Spreading Factor (SF) and Bandwidth (BW). The greater the Spreading Factor, the greater the number of samples produced starting from SF 7 with the number of samples generated being 250, SF 8 produces a number of samples 500, SF 9 produces a number of samples 1000, SF 10 produces number samples 2000, SF 11 produces number samples 4000, and SF12 produces a number of samples 8000. With a symbol error rate of 0.9-1
Robust Organogels from Nitrogen-Containing Derivatives of (R)-12-Hydroxystearic Acid as Gelators: Comparisons with Gels from Stearic Acid Derivatives† (2009)

Thirteen members of a new class of low molecular-mass organogelators (LMOGs), amides, and amines based on (R)-12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA; i.e., (R)-12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid) and the properties of their gels have been investigated by a variety of structural and thermal techniques. The abilities of these LMOGs, molecules with primary and secondary amide and amine groups and the ammonium carbamate salt of 1-aminooctadecan-12-ol, to gelate a wide range of organic liquids have been ascertained. Their gelating efficiencies are compared with those of HSA and the corresponding nitrogen-containing molecules derived from stearic acid (i.e., HSA that lacks a 12-hydroxyl group). Several of the HSA-derived molecules are exceedingly efficient LMOGs, with much less than 1 wt % being necessary to gelate several organic liquids at room temperature. Generally, the self-assembled fibrillar networks of the gels consist of spherulitic objects whose dimensions depend on the protocol employed to cool the precursor sol phases. X-ray studies indicate that the LMOG molecules are packed in lamellae within the fibers that constitute the spherulites. In addition, some of the organogels exhibit unusual thixotropic properties: they recover a large part of their viscoelasticity within seconds of being destroyed by excessive strain shearing. This recovery is at least an order of magnitude faster than for any other organogel with a crystalline fibrillar network reported to date. Correlations of these LMOG structures (as well as with those that lack a hydroxyl group along the n-alkyl chain, a headgroup at its end, or both) with the properties of their gels, coupled with the unusual theological properties of these systems, point to new directions for designing LMOGs and organogels.
~115 GeV and ~143 GeV Higgs mass considerations within the Composite Particles Model (2011)

The radiatively generated Higgs mass is obtained by requiring that leading "divergences" are cancelled in both 2D and 4D. This predicts one or more viable modes; the k=1 mode mass is m_H\cong2/3 m_t\cong115GeV whereas the k=2 mode is m_H\cong143GeV. These findings are interpreted within the Composite Particles Model (CPM), [Popovic 2002, 2010], with the massive top quark being a composite structure composed of 3 fundamental O quarks (O\bar{O}O) and the massive Higgs scalar being a color-neutral meson like structure composed of 2 fundamental O quarks (\bar{O}O). The CPM predicts that the Z mass generation is mediated primarily by a top - anti top whereas the Higgs mass is generated primarily by a O - anti O interactions. The relationship [Popovic 2010] between top Yukawa coupling and strong QCD coupling, obtained by requiring that top - anti top channel is neither attractive or repulsive at tree level at \surd s\congM_Z, defines the Z mass. In addition, this relationship indirectly defines the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) vacuum expectation value (VEV), the CPM Higgs mass and potentially the EWSB scale.
Regeneration of Commercial Nucleic Acid Extraction Columns without the Risk of Carryover Contamination (2007)

Nucleic acid extraction is a basic requirement in a molecular biology laboratory. In terms of purity and yield, commercial nucleic acid extraction columns are superior; however they are expensive. We report here an efficient strategy to regenerate diverse commercial columns for several rounds without altering the binding capacity of the columns or changing the properties of the nucleic acids purified. Plasmids purified with regenerated columns were functionally identical in super-coiled nature, restriction analysis, expression of the encoded reporter genes, or amplification of the viral RNA in real-time PCR. To ensure that the regenerated columns were free of the residual DNA, we used two different plasmids with different drug-resistance markers. By colony plating and PCR amplification of the encoded genes, we show that the regeneration process is absolute. Using radiolabeled DNA, we demonstrate that DNA exposed to the regeneration reagent is fragmented to molecular weight below 36 bp. Our data collectively prove regeneration of the commercial columns without the concern of carryover contamination. A procedure to permit safe and efficient regeneration of the commercial columns is not only of great advantage to extend the lifetime of these columns but also makes them commercially more affordable, especially in a resource-poor setting.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Cytotoxin-Producing and Non-Cytotoxin Producing Helicobacter pylori Strains (1995)

Analysis of 32 Helicobacter pylori strains indicated a strong association between the presence of the cagA gene and a specific type of vacA allele found predominantly in cytotoxin-producing strains (P < .001). To determine whether tox+/CagA+ and tox-/CagA- strains constituted two separate noncombining lineages, sequences of the H. pylori ureC gene, cysS homologue, and the intergenic region between cysS and vacA were determined for multiple strains. The mean levels of nucleotide identity in the three regions were 96.7% +/- 0.5%, 95.0% +/- 1.0%, and 89.0% +/- 2.9%, respectively. Multiple sequence alignments and dendrograms based on these three regions failed to identify two clonal populations of organisms for which cagA and vacA genotypes were markers. The presence of a 63- to 64-bp insertion in the cysS-vacA intergenic region was unrelated to the vacA genotype of the strains. These data suggest that recombination between Helicobacter genomes may occur in vivo.
Thermolyse von Oxazolin‐5‐onen, XI1)N‐Acylimine und Enamide durch Gasphasenpyrolyse von 4‐Alkyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐onen (1981)

Abstract 4‐Alkyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐one 1 liefern bei der Gasphasenpyrolyse unter CO‐Verlust N ‐Acylimine 2 , die sich beim Vorhandensein α‐ständiger H‐Atome in die stabileren Enamide 3 umlagern. Ist diese Umlagerung durch ein quartäres C‐Atom verhindert, so lassen sich die N ‐Acylimine (z.B. 2a ) isolieren. Im Falle des 4,4‐dialkylsubstituierten Oxazolinons 1 o entstehen Gemische von N ‐Acylimin 2 o und Enamid 3 o , wobei der Anteil des letzteren bei Erhöhung der Pyrolysetemperatur zunimmt.
Development of GPR183 Antagonists to Treat Neuropathic Pain (2020)

Chronic neuropathic pain affects millions of people in the United States today. Opioids are currently the frontline agent for the treatment of neuropathic pain; however, as their use continues to grow, serious side effects can arise including addiction and death. The need for a safer alternative to opioids is becoming increasingly more urgent. GPR183 (Ebstein‐Barr induced gene 2, EBI2) is a G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds to 7a,25‐dihydroxycholesterol (7a,25‐OHC). A homology model for GPR183 was constructed and a pharmacophore hypothesis was built around the binding of other known ligands to the receptor. Over 5 million compounds were screened in silico for their similarity to our pharmacophore hypothesis and the top 20k hits were funneled into a high‐throughput docking protocol. Several compounds showed strong inhibition of 7a,25‐OHC calcium mobilization with nanomolar potency. Intrathecal injections of these GPR183 antagonists reversed CCI‐induced mechano‐allodynia in mice when given at peak neuropathic pain. These results identify a prominent and functional role for GPR183 in the spinal cord in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. A preliminary structure‐activity relationship study of one of these compounds is being performed to study the pharmacology and medicinal properties of this new class of compounds. Support or Funding Information We would like to acknowledge Dr. Dale Dorsett and the Saint Louis University Genomics Core Facility for their assistance with the RNA‐Sequencing. This research was supported by funds from Dr. Salvemini and Dr. Arnatt and T32 GM008306‐01 training grant (KB). Dr. Salvemini and Dr. Arnatt have filed a patent describing the intellectual property generated at SLU. All other authors claim no conflict of interest.
The antiviral activity of compounds isolated from Kenyan Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl (2009)

1 Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. 2 Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. 3 Jomo Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. 4 The East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. 5 Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), P. O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. 6 Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
A Domain Wall Model for Hysteresis in Piezoelectric Materials (2000)

This paper addresses the modeling of hysteresis and nonlinear constitutive relations in piezoelectric materials at moderate to high drive levels. Hysteresis and nonlinearities are due to the domain structure inherent to the materials and both aspects must be addressed to attain the full potential of the materials as sensors and actuators in high performance applications. The model employed here is based on previously developed theory for hysteresis in general ferroelectric materials. This theory is based on the quantification of the reversible and irreversible motion of domain walls pinned at inclusions in the material. This yields an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model having five parameters. The relationship of the parameters to physical attributes of the materials is detailed and algorithms for determining estimates of the parameters using measured values of the coercive field, differential susceptibility and saturation properties of the materials are detailed. The accuracy of the model and its capability for the prediction of measured polarization at various drive levels is illustrated through a comparison with experimental data from PZT5A, PZT5H and PZT4 compounds. Finally, the ODE model formulation is amenable to inversion which facilitates the construction of an inverse compensator for linear control design.
Scope of VHF plasma deposition for thin-film silicon solar cells (1996)

The world-wide attempts in obtaining thin-film crystalline silicon are reviewed. Based on literature published so far, it appears that high-temperature manufacturing steps seem to be unavoidable for obtaining high conversion efficiencies of crystalline silicon based solar cells. High process temperatures are in contradiction for the use of low-cost substrates like e.g. glass or aluminium. Such substrates, however, are essential for obtaining low module manufacturing costs. The very high frequency glow discharge process (VHF-GD) could have the potential to overcome the temperature-efficiency contradiction.
Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, and Overlapping Syndromes (2005)

The current understanding of IAST mechanisms is incomplete and management approach is not adequate. Significant effort needed in clinical research to improve therapeutic outcome.
Linkage analysis of X linked retinitis pigmentosa in the Irish population. (1988)

There is significant evidence for genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in X linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). We have studied the linkage of XLRP in four Irish families to a number of polymorphic DNA markers. We report linkage between the DXS7 (L1.28) locus and the XLRP locus (Z = 3.445, theta = 0.00). Combined with the previously published data on British and Danish families, the genetic distance between the DXS7 and XLRP loci is now estimated at 5 cM with a maximum lod score of 13.026 and a 1-lod confidence interval of 0.75 to 9.5 cM. Linkage was also observed between 754 and XLRP (Z = 3.41, theta = 0.00) and between pERT87 and XLRP (Z = 1.37, theta = 0.1). The heterogeneity of XLRP is discussed in relation to these observations.
Dual Role for Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Plasma Volume and Albumin Escape During Endotoxin Shock in Conscious Rats (1997)

To assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the constitutive (cNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of vascular functions, we compared the effects of aminoguanidine, a relatively selective inhibitor of iNOS, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective NOS inhibitor on blood pressure, plasma volume, and albumin escape during the early and delayed phases of endotoxin shock in conscious, chronically catheterized rats. Red blood cell volume and plasma volume were determined by using chromium-51-tagged erythrocytes and iodine-125-labeled albumin, respectively. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg i.v. resulted in a fall in blood pressure, hemoconcentration, and increased total-body albumin escape, which is reflected by a 25% reduction in plasma volume. When LPS was injected into animals pretreated with L-NAME (7.4 mumol/kg i.v. 15 minutes before LPS), losses in plasma volume and albumin escape were significantly greater than in rats that received LPS alone, despite that L-NAME attenuated the hypotensive action of LPS. Aminoguanidine pretreatment (162 mumol/kg) had no effect on the early responses to LPS, whereas it was as potent as L-NAME in reversing hypotension when injected 70 minutes after LPS. Aminoguanidine treatment also prevented further losses in plasma volume and markedly attenuated total-body and organ albumin escape rates elicited by LPS. L-NAME produced only a slight attenuation of LPS-induced losses in plasma volume and albumin escape in most organs studied, whereas it potentiated albumin extravasation in the lung. These results demonstrate that inhibition of cNOS potentiates, whereas inhibition of iNOS markedly attenuates, losses in plasma volume and albumin escape elicited by LPS, and suggest that selective inhibitors of iNOS may be more effective than nonselective inhibitors of all forms of NOS in the therapy of septic shock.
A novel Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system exhibits antitumor activity in a rat model of bladder cancer (2009)

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Successful clinical management remains a challenge. In order To search for novel targeted and efficacious treatment, we sought to investigate anti-tumor activity of BI-TK suicide gene therapy system in a rat model of bladder tumors. We first constructed and tested an anaerobic Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated thymidine kinase (BI-TK) suicide gene therapy system. To test the in vivo efficacy of this system, we established a rat model of bladder tumors, which was induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea perfusion. Bifidobacterium infantis containing the HSV-TK (i.e., BI-TK) were constructed by transformation of recombinant plasmid pGEX - TK. The engineered BI-TK was injected into tumor-bearing rats via tail vein, followed by intraperitoneal injection of ganciclovir (GCV). Using the rat model of bladder tumors, we found that bladder tumor burdens were significantly lower in the rats treated with BI-TK/GCV group than that treated with normal saline control group (p <0.05). While various degrees of apoptosis of the tumor cells were detected in all groups using in situ TUNEL assay, apoptosis was mostly notable in the BI-TK/GCV treatment group. Immunohistochemical staining further demonstrated that the BI-TK/GCV treatment group had the highest level of caspase3 protein expression than that of the empty plasmid group and normal saline group (p < 0.05). Thus, our results demonstrate that the Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system can effectively inhibit rat bladder tumor growth, possibly through increasing caspase 3 expression and inducing apoptosis.
Using “Exposure Prediction Rules” for Exposure Assessment (2004)

The predictive and construct validity of our prediction rule suggests that this general statistical approach can be useful in other occupational settings to improve the quality of exposure assessment.
On the Acoustic Nonlinearity of Solid-Solid Contact With Pressure-Dependent Interface Stiffness (2004)

Nonlinear interaction between elastic wave and contact interface, known to result in the so-called contact acoustic nonlinearity, is examined in a one-dimensional theoretical framework. The present analysis is based on a nonlinear interface stiffness model where the stiffness property of the contact interface is described as a function of the nominal contact pressure. The transmission/reflection coefficients for a normally incident harmonic wave, and the amplitudes of second harmonics as well as DC components arising at the contact interface are derived in terms of the interface stiffness properties and other relevant acoustic parameters. Implications of power-law relations between the linear interface stiffness and the contact pressure are examined in detail regarding the linear and nonlinear acoustic responses of the contact interface. Also, a plausible range of the relevant power-law exponent is provided from considerations based on the rough-surface contact mechanics. The analysis clarifies the qualitative contact-pressure dependence of various nonlinearity parameters based on different definitions. A particular power law is identified from existing experimental data for aluminum-aluminum contact, for which some explicit nonlinear characteristics are demonstrated. The theoretical contact-pressure dependence of the second harmonic generation at the contact interface is found to be in qualitative agreement with previous measurements.