gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of pattern recognition receptors in miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps (2014)

Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) frequently occur in miniature dachshunds (MDs) in Japan. MDs with ICRPs develop multiple polyps with severe neutrophil infiltration that respond to immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, ICRPs are thought to constitute a novel, breed-specific form of canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a key role in the distinction of pathogens from commensal bacteria and food antigens. Dysfunction resulting from genetic disorders of PRRs have been linked to human and canine IBD. Therefore, we analyzed the reactivity of PRRs in MDs with ICRPs. Twenty-six MDs with ICRPs and 16 control MDs were recruited. Peripheral blood-derived monocytes were obtained from each dog and then stimulated with PRR ligands for 6 and 24 hr; subsequently, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels and protein secretion of IL-1β were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The levels of IL-1β mRNA and protein secretion after stimulation with a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) ligand were significantly greater in monocytes from ICRP-affected MDs than in those from control MDs. In addition, IL-1β protein secretion induced by toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR2 and TLR2/6 stimulation was also significantly greater in ICRP-affected MDs. These results suggest that reactivity against NOD2, TLR1/2, TLR2 and TLR2/6 signals is enhanced in ICRP-affected MDs and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICRPs in MDs. Additional studies of the genetic background of these PRRs should be performed.
A new approach to obtain cellulose nanocrystals and ethanol from eucalyptus cellulose pulp via the biochemical pathway (2017)

The feasibility of integration of cellulosic ethanol production with the manufacture of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) was evaluated using eucalyptus cellulose pulp as feedstock and employing the biochemical route alone. For the enzymatic hydrolysis step, experimental central composite design (CCD) methodology was used as a tool to evaluate the effects of solids loading (SL) and enzymatic loading (EL) on glucose release and cellulose conversion. Glucose concentrations from 45 to 125 g/L were obtained after 24 h, with cellulose conversions from 35 to 96%. Validation of the statistical model was performed at SL of 20% and EL of 10 mg protein/g, which was defined by the desirability function as the optimum condition. The sugars released were used for the production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in 62.1 g/L ethanol after 8 h (yield of 95.5%). For all the CCD experimental conditions, the residual solids presented CNF characteristics. Moreover, the use of a new strategy with temperature reduction from 50 to 35°C after 24 h of enzymatic hydrolysis enabled CNC to be obtained after 144 h. The CNC showed a crystallinity index of 83%, length of 260 nm, diameter of 15 nm, and aspect ratio (L/D) of 15. These characteristics are suitable for many applications, such as reinforcement in polymeric materials and other lower volume higher value bio-based products. The findings indicate the viability of obtaining ethanol and CNC using the biochemical route exclusively, potentially contributing to the future implementation of forest biorefineries. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1085-1095, 2017.
Recognising the long-term burden of short course oral corticosteroids (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> The high adverse effect (AE) burden with systemic and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use is well known, but many HCPs may be unfamiliar with data supporting risk even from low dose single burst and intermittent short course OCS. <b>Aims:</b> To undertake a literature review to evaluate the evidence for risks associated with intermittent short course OCS use in chronic inflammatory conditions. <b>Methods:</b> A PubMed search was conducted in December 2020, followed by detailed review, to identify key publications reporting on OCS-related AEs and dosing strategies in inflammatory conditions (no limits; year/type). Low dose OCS use (single burst and intermittent) was captured as systematic reviews, meta-analyses and primary data. <b>Results:</b> Of 4599 publications found; 58 were considered key. Risks of AEs are high with short course/intermittent OCS. A systematic review (38 studies; including 22 RCTs) showed OCS use for ≤14 days in children was associated with vomiting, behavioural change and sleep disturbance, and infection in 0.9% of cases (including severe needing ICU support). In 24,117 adult pairs matched for first vs no OCS use, a dose-response relationship for cumulative OCS exposure and AEs was seen, with most effects evident at cumulative exposures as low as 0.5–&lt;1 g (~4 lifetime courses) vs &gt;0–&lt;0.5 g. Short term OCS use was cumulatively associated with osteoporosis, hyperglycaemia and muscle weakness, even when given for &lt;7 days. <b>Conclusions:</b> Short OCS courses carry risk from serious cumulative AEs; the need for an OCS burst to treat, for example, an asthma exacerbation, should trigger review, risk evaluation and consideration of the need to initiate steroid-sparing therapies e.g., biologics. <b>Funding:</b> GSK
Technical Design Report for a Carbon-11 Treatment Facility (2022)

Particle therapy relies on the advantageous dose deposition which permits to highly conform the dose to the target and better spare the surrounding healthy tissues and organs at risk with respect to conventional radiotherapy. In the case of treatments with heavier ions (like carbon ions already clinically used), another advantage is the enhanced radiobiological effectiveness due to high linear energy transfer radiation. These particle therapy advantages are unfortunately not thoroughly exploited due to particle range uncertainties. The possibility to monitor the compliance between the ongoing and prescribed dose distribution is a crucial step toward new optimizations in treatment planning and adaptive therapy. The Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an established quantitative 3D imaging technique for particle treatment verification and, among the isotopes used for PET imaging, the <sup>11</sup>C has gained more attention from the scientific and clinical communities for its application as new radioactive projectile for particle therapy. This is an interesting option clinically because of an enhanced imaging potential, without dosimetry drawbacks; technically, because the stable isotope <sup>12</sup>C is successfully already in use in clinics. The MEDICIS-Promed network led an initiative to study the possible technical solutions for the implementation of <sup>11</sup>C radioisotopes in an accelerator-based particle therapy center. We present here the result of this study, consisting in a Technical Design Report for a <sup>11</sup>C Treatment Facility. The clinical usefulness is reviewed based on existing experimental data, complemented by Monte Carlo simulations using the FLUKA code. The technical analysis starts from reviewing the layout and results of the facilities which produced <sup>11</sup>C beams in the past, for testing purposes. It then focuses on the elaboration of the feasible upgrades of an existing <sup>12</sup>C particle therapy center, to accommodate the production of <sup>11</sup>C beams for therapy. The analysis covers the options to produce the <sup>11</sup>C atoms in sufficient amounts (as required for therapy), to ionize them as required by the existing accelerator layouts, to accelerate and transport them to the irradiation rooms. The results of the analysis and the identified challenges define the possible implementation scenario and timeline.
Celiac Plexus Block Does Not Alter Hepatic Injury in Rats (1984)

We previously demonstrated that upper abdominal surgery on rats pretreated with phenobarbital and anesthetized with halothane caused centrilobular necrosis of the liver, which may be secondary to hepatic hypoxia induced by vasoconstriction. This study examined the possibility that celiac plexus blockade might decrease the degree of injury seen in the surgical model. Rats, pretreated with phenobarbital, were anesthetized with halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, or fentanyl with 100% oxygen. At the start of the hepatic artery dissection, the celiac plexus was blocked by injection of bupivacaine. Subsequently, the rat livers were evaluated for presence and degree of centrilobular necrosis. Animals anesthetized with halothane or fentanyl had a significantly greater incidence of centrilobular necrosis than controls (rats pretreated with phenobarbital who received no anesthesia or surgery). Hepatic injury in rats anesthetized with isoflurane or enflurane did not differ from that in controls. We conclude that celiac plexus blockade with bupivacaine provides no protection against hepatic necrosis in this model.
Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract modulates G0/G1 arrest and Fas/CD95-mediated death receptor apoptotic cell death in human lung cancer A549 cells (2013)

The results demonstrated that HCT-induced G0/G1 phase arrest and Fas/CD95-dependent apoptotic cell death in A549 cells.
Advanced arthroscopy (2003)

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 446–450
Effects of Resistance Training Fatigue on Joint Biomechanics (2012)

Resistance training has been found to have a multitude of benefits. However, when performed with short rest, resistance training can result in substantial fatigue, which may have a negative impact on exercise technique. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of fatigue from resistance exercise on joint biomechanics to determine what residual movement effects may exist after the workout. Twelve men with at least 6 months of resistance training experience (age 24 ± 4.2 years, height 173.1 ± 3.6 cm, weight 76.9 ± 7.8 kg) performed 5 body weight squats before (pretest) and after (posttest) a highly fatiguing resistance training workout. Lower extremity biomechanics were assessed using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system during these squats. Peak angle, total displacement, and rate were assessed for knee flexion, trunk flexion, hip flexion, hip rotation, and hip adduction. Results showed a significant decrease in peak angle for knee flexion (Pre: 120.28 ± 11.93°, Post: 104.46 ± 9.85°), hip flexion (Pre: -109.42 ± 12.49°, Post: -95.8 ± 12.30°), and hip adduction (Pre: -23.32 ± 7.04°, Post: -17.30 ± 8.79°). There was a significant reduction in angular displacement for knee flexion (Pre: 115.56 ± 10.55°, Post: 103.35 ± 10.49°), hip flexion (Pre: 97.94 ± 10.69°, Post: 90.51 ± 13.22°), hip adduction (Pre: 17.79 ± 7.36°, Post: 11.89 ± 4.34°), and hip rotation (Pre: 30.72 ± 12.28, Post: 20.48 ± 10.12). There was also a significant reduction in displacement rate for knee flexion (Pre: 2.20 ± 0.20, Post: 1.98 ± 0.20), hip flexion (Pre: 1.92 ± 0.20, Post: 1.76 ± 0.27), hip adduction (Pre: -0.44 ± 0.17, Post: -0.31 ± 0.17), and hip rotation (Pre: 0.59 ± 0.23, Post: 0.38 ± 0.21). This study demonstrated that there are lasting residual effects on movement capabilities after a high-intensity short rest protocol. Thus, strength and conditioning coaches must be careful to monitor movements and exercise techniques after such workouts to prevent injury and optimize subsequent exercise protocols that might be sequenced in order.
A Fuzzy Logic Approach To Increase Quality of Service in Software Defined Networking (2018)

It has been a crucial task to provide and maintain an acceptable level of Quality of Service (QoS) for delivering multimedia services over Internet. Different media types are being impacted by resource limitation and various management policies in different ways. For instance, while audio services ask for a path with minimum communication latency, video streams should be routed over network links with high capacity. However, in today's networks, communication flows that are directed towards the same destination follow the same network link which may result in inefficient resource utilisation and effectively degrading the overall QoS in the network. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic approach in which path's QoS measurements (e.g. packet loss rate or link delay) are received as input parameters and path weights are determined for all communication paths between a source and destination. Such an approach can be beneficial for Software Defined Networking (SDN) in which a control plane orchestrates setting up the communication paths between end-users. In our proposed Fuzzy Logic Enabled-SDN (FLE-SDN) approach, the SDN controller periodically collects the QoS measurements and dynamically routes service flows (e.g. audio, video and data) to the most suitable paths in order to fulfill the QoS requirements of specific service flows. We have used MATLAB to analyse the performance of the proposed (FLE-SDN) approach. Our preliminary obtained results show that our proposed fuzzy logic control system can assist SDN controllers to better determine a communication path for a specific service flow and thus, offering better QoS.
Is Fatigue Response to tDCS Mediated by Change in Affect? An Open-label tDCS-MRI Study (S27.010) (2023)

To evaluate a real-time brain metabolic biomarker of fatigue by measuring neuronal response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the corresponding link to negative and positive affect changes.
Cultural Considerations in Promoting Wellness (1997)

This article discusses culture as it relates to the cardiovascular health promotion needs of various cultural groups. The promotion of cardiovascular wellness among cultural groups can be facilitated by the use of culturally appropriate models, interventions, and strategies. Those major characteristics that extend across cultures that may guide cardiovascular nurses in providing culturally appropriate care include communication, family and kinship models, and access to and acceptance of medical involvement in health care matters.
Synthesis of Glycophostones:  Cyclic Phosphonate Analogues of Biologically Relevant Sugars (2000)

Analogues of L-fucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, and N-acetyl neuraminic acid in which the anomeric carbon atom was replaced by a phosphonyl group (phostones or cyclic phosphonates) were synthesized by stereocontrolled methods relying on the Abramov reaction.
Effect of micronutrient supplementation on linear growth of children (2001)

This review summarizes the results of published, randomized clinical trials that have examined the impact of administration of micronutrients, singly or in combination to infants, preschool and school children on linear growth. Supplementation of single micronutrients resulted in small or no benefits on linear growth. A meta-analysis of zinc supplementation trials confirmed that zinc has a significant but small impact (0.22 sd units) on length gain in children 0-13 years of age. However, a recent study reported a substantially greater benefit (>1 sd) in stunted and non-stunted breast-fed infants 6-12 months of age. With iron supplementation, a beneficial effect was found only in anemic children. Vitamin A supplementation trials have reported little or no benefit on linear growth. Data currently available suggest some impact in children with clinical or biochemical vitamin A deficiency, but this issue needs confirmation. Few studies could be identified where a combination of micronutrients was given as a supplement or as fortified food; in the latter set of studies energy availability was assured. The impact on length without multiple micronutrient supplementation was no greater than that observed with single micronutrients. In conclusion, zinc and iron seem to have a modest effect on linear growth in deficient populations. Vitamin A is unlikely to have an important effect on linear growth. Limited available evidence does not allow us to conclude whether a combination of micronutrients, with or without additional food, would have a greater impact than that seen with zinc alone.
A real time distance headway measurement method using stereo and optical flow (2003)

The authors have been studying various technologies to measure distance values using image processing, especially binocular stereo images, for Advanced Safety Vehicle projects. A problem concerning the stereo images is a high computational cost. It is possible to extract optical flow with a low computational cost under some constraint condition in time varying images. The authors present a video rate distance headway measurement method using stereo image processing combined with optical flow. They describe the structures and algorithms of the distance headway measurement method and show the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Synthesis of Homopiperazine and Its Monomethyl Derivatives (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Synthesis of Homopiperazine and Its Monomethyl DerivativesF. POPPELSDORF and R. C. MYERLYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 1, 131–134Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01060a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (434 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Epigenetics and T helper 1 differentiation (2008)

Naïve T helper cells differentiate into two subsets, T helper 1 and 2, which either transcribe the Ifng gene and silence the Il4 gene or transcribe the Il4 gene and silence the Ifng gene, respectively. This process is an essential feature of the adaptive immune response to a pathogen and the development of long-lasting immunity. The 'histone code' hypothesis proposes that formation of stable epigenetic histone marks at a gene locus that activate or repress transcription is essential for cell fate determinations, such as T helper 1/T helper 2 cell fate decisions. Activation and silencing of the Ifng gene are achieved through the creation of stable epigenetic histone marks spanning a region of genomic DNA over 20 times greater than the gene itself. Key transcription factors that drive the T helper 1 lineage decision, signal transducer and activator 4 (STAT4) and T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), play direct roles in the formation of activating histone marks at the Ifng locus. Conversely, STAT6 and GATA binding protein 3, transcription factors essential for the T helper 2 cell lineage decision, establish repressive histone marks at the Ifng locus. Functional studies demonstrate that multiple genomic elements up to 50 kilobases from Ifng play critical roles in its proper transcriptional regulation. Studies of three-dimensional chromatin conformation indicate that these distal regulatory elements may loop towards Ifng to regulate its transcription. We speculate that these complex mechanisms have evolved to tightly control levels of interferon-gamma production, given that too little or too much production would be very deleterious to the host.
An Investigation of Likelihoods and Priors for Bayesian Endmember Estimation (2011)

A Gibbs sampler for piece‐wise convex hyperspectral unmixing and endmember detection is presented. The standard linear mixing model used for hyperspectral unmixing assumes that hyperspectral data reside in a single convex region. However, hyperspectral data is often non‐convex. Furthermore, in standard unmixing methods, endmembers are generally represented as a single point in the high dimensional space. However, the spectral signature for a material varies as a function of the inherent variability of the material or environmental conditions. Therefore, it is more appropriate to represent each endmember as a full distribution to incorporate the variability and utilize this information during spectral unmixing. A Gibbs sampler that searches for several sets of endmember distributions, i.e. a piece‐wise convex representation, is presented. The hyperspectral data is partitioned among the sets of endmember distributions using a Dirichlet process prior that also estimates the number of needed sets. The proposed likelihood follows from a convex combination of normal endmember distributions with a Dirichlet prior on the abundance values. A normal distribution is also applied as a prior for the mean values of the endmember distributions.The Gibbs sampler that is presented partitions the data into convex regions, determines the number of convex regions required and determines endmember distributions and abundance values for all convex regions. Results are presented on hyperspectral data that indicate the ability of the method to effectively estimate endmember distributions and the number of sets of endmember distributions.
Quality control, analysis and secure sharing of Luminex® immunoassay data using the open source LabKey Server platform (2013)

Unlike other tools tailored for Luminex immunoassays, LabKey Server allows labs to customize their Luminex analyses using scripting while still presenting users with a single, graphical interface for processing and analyzing data. The LabKey Server system also stands out among Luminex tools for enabling smooth, secure transfer of data, quality control information, and analyses between collaborators. LabKey Server and its Luminex features are freely available as open source software at http://www.labkey.com under the Apache 2.0 license.
The cell cycle inhibitor RB is diluted in G1 and contributes to controlling cell size in the mouse liver (2022)

Every type of cell in an animal maintains a specific size, which likely contributes to its ability to perform its physiological functions. While some cell size control mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated through studies of cultured cells, it is unclear if and how such mechanisms control cell size in an animal. For example, it was recently shown that RB, the retinoblastoma protein, was diluted by cell growth in G1 to promote size-dependence of the G1/S transition. However, it remains unclear to what extent the RB-dilution mechanism controls cell size in an animal. We therefore examined the contribution of RB-dilution to cell size control in the mouse liver. Consistent with the RB-dilution model, genetic perturbations decreasing RB protein concentrations through inducible shRNA expression or through liver-specific <i>Rb1</i> knockout reduced hepatocyte size, while perturbations increasing RB protein concentrations in an <i>Fah</i> <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mouse model increased hepatocyte size. Moreover, RB concentration reflects cell size in G1 as it is lower in larger G1 hepatocytes. In contrast, concentrations of the cell cycle activators Cyclin D1 and E2f1 were relatively constant. Lastly, loss of <i>Rb1</i> weakened cell size control, <i>i.e.</i>, reduced the inverse correlation between how much cells grew in G1 and how large they were at birth. Taken together, our results show that an RB-dilution mechanism contributes to cell size control in the mouse liver by linking cell growth to the G1/S transition.