gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Aging on Mechanical Properties of Yttria-Doped Zirconia (2018)

We evaluated the influence of aging on mechanical properties of 8% yttria-doped zirconia (8YSZ) from room temperature to 1200 K. The temperature dependence of the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ with and without the aging treatment was investigated by using a resonance method. The dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ without the aging treatment decreased by 33% below 700 K and gradually increased at higher temperatures with increasing temperature. On the other hand, those with the aging treatments decreased by around 20% below 600 K while did not significantly change above 600 K with increasing temperature. These demonstrated the effect of aging on the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ was most remarkable at intermediate temperatures (600~1000 K). Although it was suggested that the existence ratio of the metastable tetragonal phase was increased during the aging treatment, it is likely that the influence of this phase transition on the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli was not significant. It seemed that the difference in the dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of 8YSZ with and without the aging treatment at intermediate temperatures was due to the local ordering of the oxygen vacancies.
An all-fiber phase locking setup for multicore fiber lasers (2002)

An all-fiber phase locking setup for multicore fiber lasers is presented. A multicore laser fiber section with an input mirror is connected to a fiber mirror (FM) consisting of an output mirror and a multimode step-index fiber. Depending on the phase relation among the individual laser emitters different modes are excited in the step-index fiber.
Antihypertensive effects of amlodipine, a new calcium antagonist. (1991)

The antihypertensive effects of oral administration of amlodipine (AML), a new calcium antagonist, were investigated in hypertensive animals. AML (1-10 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent reduction of blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effect of AML reached a maximum at 4-6 hr and was sustained even at 10 hr post-dose, in contrast to the case of nifedipine that produced a maximum effect at 1 hr with a rapid recovery. Heart rate (HR) was increased slowly and slightly by AML (10mg/kg), but increased rapidly and markedly by nifedipine (3, 10 mg/kg). The dose (ED 30) of AML required to decrease BP by 30 mmHg was 2.3 mg/kg and similar to the case of nifedipine. AML also produced long-lasting reduction of BP in renal and DOCA hypertensive rats. The ED30 values were 2.4 and 2.2 mg/kg and similar to the respective values of nifedipine (ED 30:2.4,2.1 mg/kg). In renal hypertensive dogs (RHD), the effect of AML (0.1,0.3,1.0 mg/kg) was maximum at 4-6 hr and long-lasting, producing similar reductions of both systolic and diastolic BP (ED30: 0.3-0.4 mg/kg respectively). In SHR (1 or 3 mg/kg/day, for 15 days) and RHD (0.2 mg/kg/day for 20 days) chronically receiving AML, there was an enhancement of the antihypertensive effect of AML within a few days after starting chronic dosing, and thereafter a significant reduction of BP at 24 hr after dosing and constant effects of AML during subsequent treatment. BP after cessation of the chronic dosing gradually recovered to the level before the start of the experiments. No significant changes in HR were observed throughout the experiments. These results indicate that AML produces the antihypertensive effect with a similar potency to nifedipine but with a profile of slow onset and long duration, and there was no development of tolerance to the antihypertensive effects and changes of HR during long-term treatment.
Failure detection and isolation methods for redundant gimballed inertial measurement units (1973)

Skewed alignment of two redundant conventional inertial measuring units permits nonambiguous detection and isolation of hard and soft failures in real time by an airborne computer. Accelerometer outputs and gimbal readouts are monitored periodically, and attitude rate and velocity error vectors are computed from these data. Magnitudes of these vectors provide failure detection, and projection of these error vectors onto the coordinate axes of the two clusters permits isolation. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation of one version of the mechanization as applied to Space Shuttle boost trajectories demonstrates effectiveness down to very low levels of inertial instrument performance failures. The results indicate that worst case overall navigation performance occurs when accelerometer failures are of the order of 20 sigma and gyro failures are about 100 sigma for conventional state-of-the-art IMU instruments.
Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications (2021)

Global environmental and energy issues are the two major challenges of the 21st century [...].
Thermoelectric Properties of Electrodeposited BiSbTe Nanowires and Thin Films (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Demonstration of a robust magnonic spin wave interferometer (2016)

Magnonics is an emerging field dealing with ultralow power consumption logic circuits, in which the flow of spin waves, rather than electric charges, transmits and processes information. Waves, including spin waves, excel at encoding information via their phase using interference. This enables a number of inputs to be processed in one device, which offers the promise of multi-input multi-output logic gates. To realize such an integrated device, it is essential to demonstrate spin wave interferometers using spatially isotropic spin waves with high operational stability. However, spin wave reflection at the waveguide edge has previously limited the stability of interfering waves, precluding the use of isotropic spin waves, i.e., forward volume waves. Here, a spin wave absorber is demonstrated comprising a yttrium iron garnet waveguide partially covered by gold. This device is shown experimentally to be a robust spin wave interferometer using the forward volume mode, with a large ON/OFF isolation value of 13.7 dB even in magnetic fields over 30 Oe.
Structural study of CoSi2 grown on (001) and (111) Si (2020)

Nucleation and growth of C0SÍ2 films obtained by thermal reaction of Co layers deposited onto (001)- and (111)-Si substrates are examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), including High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM). On (001)-Si first a layer of CoSi is formed between Co and Si. Only thereafter the formation of COSi2 is initiated at the CoSi/Si interface. Apart from an aligned (a)-orientation, COSi2 occurs in a number of orientations close to and including a (110) CoSi2(b)- orientation. On (111)-Si the 180°-rotated -(B-orientation) is dominant. It is shown that these effects can be largely attributed to the geometrical lattice match between COSi2 and Si.
Bovine Milk Formula Based on Partial Hydrolysis of Caseins by Bromelain Enzyme: Better Digestibility and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Properties (2013)

A new methodology was developed using bromelain as a proteolytic enzyme for the production of a partially hydrolyzed bovine milk formula, without changing the milk's organoleptic and nutritional properties. This study also revealed that the in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increased in the modified milk as compared with the control sample, showing the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity for fractions with molecular weights between 3 and 10 kg mol−1. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the produced milk formula acted as a non-competitive inhibitor, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
Apparatus for rapid degassing of liquids. III (1971)

Degassing of liquids is important for many procedures
Minimum current for detachment of electrolytic bubbles (2023)

The efficiency of water electrolysis is significantly impacted by the generation of micro- and nanobubbles on the electrodes. Here molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the dynamics of single electrolytic nanobubbles on nanoelectrodes. The simulations reveal that, depending on the value of current, nucleated nanobubbles either grow to an equilibrium state or grow unlimitedly and then detach. To account for these findings, the stability theory for surface nanobubbles is generalized by incorporating the electrolytic gas influx at the nanobubble's contact line and adopting a real gas law, leading to accurate predictions for the numerically observed transient growth and stationary states of the nanobubbles. With this theory, the minimum current for bubble detachment can also be analytically derived. In the detachment regime, the radius of the nanobubble first increases as $R\propto t^{1/2}$ and then as $R\propto t^{1/3}$, up to bubble detachment.
Multicentre clinical evaluation of the safety and performance of a simple transperineal access system for prostate biopsies for suspected prostate cancer: The CAMbridge PROstate Biopsy DevicE (CamPROBE) study (2020)

Level III.
Critical IGBT Design Regarding EMI and Switching Losses (2008)

Critical N-base layer design in IGBT is discussed regarding electro-magnetic interference (EMI) and switching losses during turn-off. The newly proposed criteria for oscillation and avalanche induced loss were given by a simple equation model and the validity of the model has been confirmed with experimental results. This paper shows an efficient design method of N-base for EMI-free IGBT with considering the turn-off loss. In addition, EMI reduction structure with partly buried N layer in N-base was proposed for break through the design limit of N-base.
Blood Sugar Studies on the White Rat Infected with Plasmodium Berghei (1952)

Summary 1. The blood sugar level of white rats infected with Plasmodium berghei decreased to 68 ± 6.5 mg. per cent from a normal value of 96 ± 3.7 mg. per cent when the parasitemia was 51 per cent and higher. 2. The glucose content of the packed cells remained fairly constant during the course of the infection although the values obtained were higher when compared with the normal content of 60 ± 3.5 mg. per cent. The level ranged from 72 ± 7.4 to 103 ± 7.7 mg. per cent. 3. The normal serum glucose showed a marked drop to 55 ± 4.9 mg. per cent from the normal level of 155 ± 4.9 mg. per cent when the parasitemia was 51 per cent and higher.
Acquired immunity to amyloodiniosis is associated with an antibody response (1998)

The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum, which causes amyloodiniosis or 'marine velvet disease', is one of the most serious ectoparasitic diseases plaguing warmwater marine fish culture worldwide. We report that tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus develop strong immunity to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection following repeated nonlethal challenges and that specific antibodies are associated with this response. Reaction of immune fish antisera against dinospore and trophont-derived antigens in Western blots indicated both shared and stage-specific antibody-antigen reactions. A mannan-binding-protein affinity column was used to isolate IgM-like antibody from A. frenatus serum. The reduced Ig consisted of one 70 kD heavy chain and one 32 kD light chain with an estimated molecular weight of 816 kD for the native molecule. Immunoglobulin (Ig) isolated from immune but not non-immune fish serum significantly inhibited parasite infectivity in vitro. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using polyclonal rabbit antibody produced against affinity-purified A. frenatus Ig. Anti-Amyloodinium serum antibody was not always detectable in immune fish, although serum antibody titers in immune fish increased after repeated exposure to the parasite. These results suggest that there may be a localized antibody response in skin/gill epithelial tissue, although antibody was rarely detected in skin mucus.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (Richter syndrome) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients (2013)

Nearly all information about patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who develop diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Richter syndrome (RS)] is derived from retrospective case series or patients treated on clinical trials. We used the Mayo Clinic CLL Database to identify patients with newly diagnosed CLL between January 2000 and July 2011. Individuals who developed biopsy-proven RS during follow-up were identified. After a median follow-up of 4 years, 37/1641 (2·3%) CLL patients developed RS. The rate of RS was approximately 0·5%/year. Risk of RS was associated with advanced Rai stage at diagnosis (P < 0·001), high-risk genetic abnormalitites on fluorescence in situ hybridization (P < 0·0001), unmutated IGHV (P = 0·003), and expression of ZAP70 (P = 0·02) and CD38 (P = 0·001). The rate of RS doubled in patients after treatment for CLL (1%/year). Stereotyped B-cell receptors (odds-ratio = 4·2; P = 0·01) but not IGHV4-39 family usage was associated with increased risk of RS. Treatment with combination of purine analogues and alkylating agents increased the risk of RS three-fold (odds-ratio = 3·26, P = 0·0003). Median survival after RS diagnosis was 2·1 years. The RS prognosis score stratified patients into three risk groups with median survivals of 0·5 years, 2·1 years and not reached. Both underlying characteristics of the CLL clone and subsequent CLL therapy influence the risk of RS. Survival after RS remains poor and new therapies are needed.
A frequency acquisition scheme for OFDM systems (2002)

This paper derives a frequency acquisition algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This frequency acquisition algorithm is a modification of the frequency tracking algorithm introduced by Moose (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.42, no.10, p.2908-14, 1994), which uses a repeated data symbol and a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm to estimate the frequency offset. The estimate is extremely accurate but the acquisition range is limited to /spl plusmn/1/2 of the intercarrier spacing. With some modifications of the frequency tracking scheme and an assumption of a multipath channel, the frequency acquisition can be converted to an analogous PN sequence acquisition problem. Therefore, a partial-sum correlator with an appropriate threshold can be used to acquire the frequency offset.
Genetic Elements Carrying Macrolide Efflux Genes in Streptococci (2004)

Type M resistance to macrolides in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated to the presence of macrolide efflux genes (mef). These genes are carried by 3 very conserved chromosomal genetic elements: (i) "mega", 5.5 kb, typical of S. pneumoniae, carries mef(E), can insert at different sites in the bacterial chromosome and in other genetic elements, does not have genes encoding putative recombinases or transposases, and it is not conjugative; (ii) Tn1207.3, 54, 52 kb, typical of S. pyogenes, carries mef(A), it integrates at a single specific site in the bacterial chromosome, carries 3 ORFs encoding for putative recombinases, it is transferred by conjugation among different streptococcal species, and its genome resembles that of a bacteriophage; (iii) Tn1207.1, 7.2 kb, is a defective form of Tn1207.3 found in a clonal population of S. pneumoniae, it carries mef(A), it integrates at a single specific site in the bacterial chromosome (the same of Tn1207.3), and it is not conjugative.
Antiangiogenic therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma (2010)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), arises from the mesothelial cells, is difficult to be diagnosed at an early stage, and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the establishment of novel effective therapies is necessary to improve the prognosis for many patients with this disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that angiogenesis plays a significant role in MPM progression, suggesting the importance of tumor vessels as therapeutic targets. To explore molecular pathogenesis and evaluate the efficacy of vascular targeting therapy in MPM, we developed orthotopic implantation SCID mouse models of MPM. We found that selective VEGF inhibitors were effective only in the treatment of high-VEGF-producing MPM models. On the other hand, multiple kinase inhibitor E7080, with inhibitory activity against various angiogenic cytokine receptors, suppressed the progression and prolonged survival of both high-VEGF-producing and low-VEGF-producing MPM models. Further understanding of the functional characteristics of tumor angiogenesis may be essential to improve targeting therapies in MPM. In this review, we introduce current status of clinical strategies and novel therapeutic approaches against angiogenesis in MPM.
CherryPicker: Semantic Skeletonization and Topological Reconstruction of Cherry Trees (2023)

In plant phenotyping, accurate trait extraction from 3D point clouds of trees is still an open problem. For automatic modeling and trait extraction of tree organs such as blossoms and fruits, the semantically segmented point cloud of a tree and the tree skeleton are necessary. Therefore, we present CherryPicker, an automatic pipeline that reconstructs photo-metric point clouds of trees, performs semantic segmentation and extracts their topological structure in form of a skeleton. Our system combines several state-of-the-art algorithms to enable automatic processing for further usage in 3D-plant phenotyping applications. Within this pipeline, we present a method to automatically estimate the scale factor of a monocular reconstruction to overcome scale ambiguity and obtain metrically correct point clouds. Furthermore, we propose a semantic skeletonization algorithm build up on Laplacian-based contraction. We also show by weighting different tree organs semantically, our approach can effectively remove artifacts induced by occlusion and structural size variations. CherryPicker obtains high-quality topology reconstructions of cherry trees with precise details.
Generation of time-reversed wave fronts using a resonantly enhanced electronic nonlinearity (1978)

Time-reversed optical wave fronts were generated by degenerate four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor. An extremely large and resonantly enhanced electronic nonlinearity, described by the adiabatic following (AF) model, was responsible for the mixing. The intensity dependence of the AF nonlinear susceptibility was shown to explain the observed reduction in conversion efficiency at high pumping intensities.
Modifying Keyboard Layout to Reduce Finger-Travel Distance (2016)

Ample evidence shows that the Qwerty layout is inefficient for one-finger typing on virtual keyboards: letters in common digrams are placed on opposite sides of the keyboard, resulting in an unnecessarily long finger-travel distance. In this paper, we report on using simulated annealing for modifying keyboard layout to reduce finger-travel distance for entering letters of the English alphabet. Our investigation led to improved 3 X 10, 4 X 7, and 5 X 6 layouts, all of which reduced the weighted sum of finger-travel distances for all digrams (denoted by d) by about 40% over Qwerty. The most improved layout is the 5 X 6 layout, which reduces d from 3.31 key widths (the value of d for Qwerty) to 1.78 key widths. These layouts also outperform the best layout reported in the literature.
Abstract 15012: Role of Titin Gene Variants in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2013)

Background: The Titin gene (TTN) is the second largest human gene and encodes the largest known human protein, titin, that plays a central role in sarcomere organization. Because of its large size, mutations in TTN have been difficult to study. Recent data have shown that truncation mutations in TTN can lead to a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. Titan’s large size means that almost all individuals carry missense TTN variants, the majority of which are presumably benign, and this raises challenges in the evaluation of TTN in patients with overt dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: Our group sequenced 313 exons covering the N2B and N2BA cardiac isoforms of TTN in 135 subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy. ‘Severe’ missense variants were identified by bioinformatic filtering based on SIFT score, GERP, Polyphen2 HDVAR, low frequency in the 1000 Genome Project, and NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project. Results and Conclusions: Ultimately, 45 TTN ‘severe’ missense variants were noted in 38 probands. We were able to demon...
Asymmetric Synthesis of ES‐285, an Anticancer Agent Isolated from Marine Sources (2009)

Abstract The asymmetric synthesis of (2 S ,3 R )‐2‐amino‐3‐octanedecanol hydrochloride (ES‐285 · HCl) was achieved in eight steps in ca. 38 % overall yield from the N ‐benzylimine‐derived from ( R )‐2,3‐ O ‐isopropylidene glyceraldehyde, which is easily available on gram scale from the inexpensive precursor D ‐mannitol. Highly diastereoselective addition of methylmagnesium bromide to the N ‐benzylimine was the key step to create the vic ‐amino alcohol moiety with the appropriate configuration. Regioselective ring opening of an intermediate aminoepoxide enabled the introduction of the long hydrocarbon chain at C4.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Nano‐reactors for controlling the selectivity of the free radical grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene in the melt (2006)

Abstract This paper reports on a successful application of the concept of nanoreactors to effectively controlling the selectivity of the free radical grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto polypropylene (PP) in the melt, an industrially relevant process. More specifically, a free radical initiator of type ROOR was first confined into (or encapsulated by) the galleries of an organically modified montmorillonite (o‐MMT) whose interdistance was 2.4 nm. Primary free radicals (RO ·) formed inside the o‐MMT galleries had to diffuse out before they could react with the PP backbone. The controlled release of the primary free radicals significantly increased the grafting degree of MAH onto PP and greatly reduced the level of the chain scission of the latter. Those results were better understood by electron spin resonance studies on model systems and by Monte Carlo simulations. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1443–1454, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Efficiency of a multilayer-coated, ion-etched laminar holographic grating in the 145–160-nm wavelength region (1997)

The efficiency of an ion-etched laminar holographic grating was measured at near-normal incidence in the 14.5-16.0-nm wavelength range. The grating had an electron-beam-evaporated Mo/Si multilayer coating matched to the grating groove depth. The efficiency peaked at 16.3% in the first inside order at 15.12 nm and 15.0% in the first outside order at 14.94 nm. These are believed to be the highest efficiencies obtained to date from a multilayer-coated laminar grating at near-normal incidence in the EUV (lambda<30.0nm) . Zero and even orders were almost completely suppressed. The grating groove efficiency in the first order approached the theoretical limit of 40.5%.
Contribution à l'étude de la distribution de contraintes autour d'un puits pétrolier : application au calcul de la pression d'initiation de fracture hydraulique (1988)

Presentation de diverses methodes de resolutions analytiques et numeriques pour le calcul de la distribution des contraintes autour d'un forage petrolier dans des materiaux peu resistants. Le critere de plasticite de Mohr-Coulomb a ete choisi pour la resolution analytique. Trois schemas types de distribution de contraintes, au moment de la fracturation sont etablis pour un regime d'ecoulement permanent. La loi de comportement du materiau est deduite du critere de plasticite de Drucker. Le modele elasto-plastique a deux surfaces de charge de LADE-SHAO a ete retenu pour decrire l'ecrouissage du materiau. La comparaison des resultats des differentes methodes de calcul s'effectue sur la base de l'influence respective du coefficient de poussee au repos, du coefficient de Poisson et de la resistance a la compression du materiau.