gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nicotine Safety and Toxicity (1998)

Abstract Nicotine has been developed as a medication to assist smoking cessation, and is being considered as a possible drug for long-term maintenance of non-smoking. It is also undergoing evaluation as a possible treatment for several medical disorders, including ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, spasticity, and sleep apnea. Understanding its safety and toxitity is essential for drug developers, drug regulators, and clinicians making risk/benefit decisions about long-term nicotine therapy. Research on nicotine toxicity is also relevant to ongoing research on tobacco and health aimed at understanding the role of nicotine in contributing to tobacco-induced diseases. This book reviews the current scientific understanding of the safety and toxicity of nicotine. The discussion ranges from chemistry, studies in animals and human experimental research to the results of large clinical trials. Among the topics covered are cardiovascular disease, cancer, reproductive toxicity (including fetal toxicity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), behavioral toxicity (including abuse liability and addiction to nicotine medication), and gastrointestinal disease. Finally, contributions explore the risks and benefits of nicotine as a medication. The authors are world-renowned experts on their respective topics. No other book addresses nicotine toxicity in the depth or breadth of this volume. A book on the cutting edge of contemporary public health discourse, Nicotine Safety is an up-to-date and lucid overview of current knowledge on the subject. It will be a necessary addition to the bookshelves of clinicians with an interest in tobacco and health, drug developers and researchers, pharmacologists and toxicologists, public health researchers and policy-makers.
MULTIPLE ORGAN SYSTEM FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH SEPSIS IN PICU PATIENTS (1986)

Wilkinson, James D.; Pollack, Murray M.; Glass, Nancy L.; Steinhart, Curt; Kanter, Robert; Katz, Robert Author Information
Scintigraphic assessment of the effects of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell transplantation combined with off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with ischemic heart disease. (2005)

The present study demonstrates the feasibility of BMCT combined with OPCAB. This therapy improves myocardial perfusion possibly via CD34-related development of coronary microvessels.
Material property measurement in hostile environments using laser acoustics (2005)

Well known acoustic methods have been used to measure various intrinsic and extrinsic material properties. Laser acoustics, employing optical generation and detection of elastic waves, has a unique advantage over other acoustic methods, it is noncontacting. In addition, optical generation and detection probe beams can be focused to the micron scale and/or shaped to alter the transduction process with a degree of control not possible using contact transduction methods. Laser methods are amenable to both continuous wave and pulse-echo measurements and have been used from Hz to 100s of GHz (time scales from sec to psec) and with amplitudes sufficient to fracture materials. The paper reviews recent applications of laser acoustic methods for determining material properties in hostile environments that preclude the use of contacting transduction techniques. Recent technological advances in solid-state lasers and telecommunications have greatly aided the development and implementation of laser acoustic methods, particularly at ultra high frequencies. Consequently, laser acoustic material property measurements exhibit high precision and reproducibility. Optical acoustic imaging is both quantitative and rapid.
The tertiary survey: how to avoid missed injuries (2013)

Abstract In the trauma setting, evaluation of possible injuries must proceed simultaneously withongoing resuscitation the patient. The patient should be fully evaluated expeditiously sothat all injuries are recognized and managed optimally. This complete evaluationof the trauma patient in the ICU or hospital ward has been called the tertiary survey, as first described by Enderson, et al (1990). A complete tertiary survey is critical to fully assess the patient and avoidmissing important injuries, which can have a significant impact on morbidity aswell as mortality.The tertiary survey is not a one-time evaluation, but a process that includesserial physical examinations and assessments.
Pharmacological Intervention through Dietary Nutraceuticals in Gastrointestinal Neoplasia (2014)

AbstractNeoplastic conditions associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract are common worldwide with colorectal cancer alone accounting for the third leading rate of cancer incidence. Other GI malignancies such as esophageal carcinoma have shown an increasing trend in the last few years. The poor survival statistics of these fatal cancer diseases highlight the need for multiple alternative treatment options along with effective prophylactic strategies. Worldwide geographical variation in cancer incidence indicates a correlation between dietary habits and cancer risk. Epidemiological studies have suggested that populations with high intake of certain dietary agents in their regular meals have lower cancer rates. Thus, an impressive embodiment of evidence supports the concept that dietary factors are key modulators of cancer including those of GI origin. Preclinical studies on animal models of carcinogenesis have reflected the pharmacological significance of certain dietary agents called as nutraceuticals in the chemoprevention of GI neoplasia. These include stilbenes (from red grapes and red wine), isoflavones (from soy), carotenoids (from tomatoes), curcuminoids (from spice turmeric), catechins (from green tea), and various other small plant metabolites (from fruits, vegetables, and cereals). Pleiotropic action mechanisms have been reported for these diet-derived chemopreventive agents to retard, block, or reverse carcinogenesis. This review presents a prophylactic approach to primary prevention of GI cancers by highlighting the translational potential of plant-derived nutraceuticals from epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical studies, for the better management of these cancers through consumption of nutraceutical rich diets and their intervention in cancer therapeutics.Keywords: Gastric neoplasmcolon canceraberrant cryptic focichemopreventionpharmacological interventionnutraceuticalclinical trialscurcuminresveratrolgamma-amino butyric acidlycopeneepigallocatechin-3-gallate ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors thankfully acknowledge the authors and the publishers of the articles from where the Figure 3 & Figure 4 have been reproduced. Further, the authors want to admittedly mention that although the authors tried to provide a comprehensive overview on the subject the authors might have inadvertently missed few good studies and relevant observations related to the field of study.CONFLICT OF INTERESTThe authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this manuscript.
Improving Model Robustness with Bootstrapping (2005)

Simulated test cases showed that bootstrapping can help construct more robust models in difficult classification situations and small training samples which are particularly frequent.
Particle-inspired motion updates for grid-based Bayesian trackers (2011)

The computational cost of the motion update has limited the application of grid-based Bayesian trackers. Drawing inspiration from particle filters, an algorithm for efficient grid-based motion updates is developed. The algorithm's complexity is linear in the number of grid cells and independent of the time increment for the motion update. It has the flexibility to model any Markov motion process. The accuracy of the algorithm and its sensitivity to implementation parameters is assessed, and trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost are explored.
Simulating a stack using queues (2022)

It is well known that a queue can be simulated by two stacks using a constant number of stack operations per queue operation. In this paper we consider the forgotten converse problem of simulating a stack using several queues. We consider several variants of this problem. For the offline variant, we obtain a tight upper and lower bounds for the worst-case number of queue operations needed to simulate a sequence of n stack operations using k queues. For the online variant, when the number of queues k is constant, and n is the maximum number of items in the stack at any given time, we obtain tight Θ(n1/k) upper and lower bounds on the worst-case and amortized number of queue operations needed to simulate one stack operation. When k is allowed to grow with n, we prove an upper bound of O(n1/k + logk n) and a lower bound of on the amortized number of queue operations per stack operation. We also prove an upper bound of O(kn1/k) and a lower bound of Ω(n1/k + logk n) on the worst-case number of queue operations per stack operation. We also show that the specific but interesting sequence of n pushes followed by n pops can be implemented much faster using a total number of only Θ(n logk n) queue operations, for every k ≥ 2, an amortized number of Θ(logk n) queue operations per stack operation, and this bound is tight. On the other hand, we show that the same sequence requires at least Ω(n1/k) queue operations per stack operation in the worst case.
Macroporous Ceramics from Particle‐Stabilized Wet Foams (2006)

We present a novel direct‐foaming method to produce macroporous ceramics using particles instead of surfactants as stabilizers of the wet foams. This method allows for the fabrication of ultra‐stable wet foams that resist coarsening upon drying and sintering. Macroporous ceramics of various chemical compositions with open or closed cells, average cell sizes ranging from 10 to 300 μm and porosities within 45% and 95%, can be easily prepared using this new approach. The sintered foams show high compressive strengths of up to 16 MPa in alumina foams with porosities of 88%.
Mechanism of Hydrogen Abstraction by O- Species in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Early Al kanes: Propane, Ethane and Methane. Model Theoretical DFT Study (2008)

In this work we present simple mechanistic study on the effect of the interaction between early alkanes (methane, ethane and propane) with an O - species, postulated as reactive defect site on surfaces of many catalysts. The subject is focused on mechanisms of preliminary hydrogen abstraction by O - ion radical and prospective succeeding processes. The model for DFT calculations built of an alkane molecule and O - species is used for minimum energy pathway calculations along distinct reaction coordinate defined as a distance between oxygen and attacked atom. Our results show that O - and alkanes form stable preliminary complexes but only for methane the first hydrogen abstraction has meaningful energy barrier. Stability of the complex between formed hydroxyl and alkyl radical is also substantial but only for ethane and propane it determines different routes to stable intermediate products of ODH: alcohol precursors or appropriate alkenes. Formation of negatively charged precursors of corresponding alcohols is energetically or kinetically unfavourable and is of minor importance. The number and character of ODH products for propane may strongly vary depending on reaction conditions, what makes the catalysis for its oxidation highly sensitive to surface properties.
Massive MIMO : turning concept into reality by exploiting the channel reciprocity (2017)

Entrées multiples, sorties multiples (MIMO) massif est considéré comme l'une des technologies clés de la prochaine génération de communications sans fil. Afin d'effectuer des algorithmes de formation de faisceau en liaison descendante (DL) avec un grand réseau d'antennes, le plus grand défi est l'acquisition d'informations précises d'état de canal à l'émetteur (CSIT). Pour relever ce défi, le duplex à division temporelle (TDD) est favorable aux systèmes MIMO massif grâce à sa réciprocité de canal de la DL et la liaison montante (UL). Cependant, alors que le canal physique dans l'air est réciproque, les front-ends de radiofréquence (RF) dans les émetteurs-récepteurs ne le sont pas ; par conséquent, la calibration devrait être utilisée dans des systèmes pratiques pour compenser l'asymétrie matérielle RF. Dans cette thèse, nous nous efforçons de transformer le concept MIMO massif en réalité en utilisant la calibration de la réciprocité TDD. Les contributions peuvent être résumées comme suit. Tout d'abord, nous proposons un cadre unifié pour la calibration de la réciprocité, qui généralise diverses méthodes de calibration existant dans la littérature, offrant une vue supérieure sur le problème de calibration ainsi que l'ouverture de nombreuses innovations sur les méthodes de calibration. Deuxièmement, sur la base de cette représentation générale, nous proposons trois nouveaux schémas de calibration : une méthode de calibration rapide basée sur le groupement d'antennes, un schéma de calibration pour l'architecture hybride de formation de faisceau, ainsi qu'un mécanisme de suivi des paramètres de calibration et de surveillance de la santé du système qui permet une détection rapide du changement de paramètre. Troisièmement, nous avons effectué des mesures des paramètres de calibration sur une plate-forme réelle afin de révéler les propriétés matérielles. Quatrièmement, nous étudions, du point de vue du système, avec quelle précision un système MIMO massif TDD devrait être calibré. Enfin, grâce à la calibration de réciprocité TDD, nous avons construit un banc d’essai pour MIMO massif, qui est compatible avec l'évolution à long terme (LTE) basé sur la plate-forme « open source » OpenAirInterface, et peut directement fournir un service Internet à un appareil commercial. Le banc d'essai démontre la faisabilité d'intégrer le MIMO massif dans les normes actuelles du projet de partenariat de troisième génération (3GPP) et son utilisation dans le 5G peut être une évolution à partir des systèmes 4G actuels.
Situation Awareness in Hri with Collaborating Remotely Piloted Vehicles (2005)

In future Army operations, soldiers may be required to remotely operate multiple robotic vehicles and participate in collaborative tasks with these systems. The ability to acquire and maintain situation awareness in tasking and controlling robots will be critical to human-robot interaction. Understanding the critical information requirements for robotics tasks will be important, particularly when operators must work with multiple systems across aerial and ground platforms, and must perform under what will likely be varying levels of system autonomy. Here, we examine SA needs in the context of a collaborative military task involving deployment of a single UAV that is coordinating with multiple UGVs to identify “safe lanes” for advancing troops. Cognitive task analysis was conducted for the task, along with an examination of potential function allocations that may require operator multi-tasking and frequent task switching. Issues in developing and maintaining situation awareness are discussed.
Imaging Features of Nonmalignant and Malignant Architectural Distortion Detected by Tomosynthesis (2018)

Malignant AD and nonmalignant AD are more readily detected by 3D mammography than 2D mammography. Three-dimensional imaging features of AD can help to distinguish nonmalignant types in which symmetric or spoke-wheel spiculation with central lucency are more often seen and are more often occult on ultrasound.
1×16 optical packet switch sub-system with a monolithically integrated InP optical switch (2010)

&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate a 1×16 optical packet switch sub-system for 160 Gbps RZ-OOK and 12 × 10 Gbps multi-wavelength DPSK packets. We show error-free operation with maximum penalties of 0.7 dB for 160 Gbps RZ-OOK and 0.6 dB for multi-wavelength DPSK packets.&lt;/p&gt;
Compressing Deep CNNs Using Basis Representation and Spectral Fine-Tuning (2021)

We propose an efficient and straightforward method for compressing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that uses basis filters to represent the convolutional layers, and optimizes the performance of the compressed network directly in the basis space. Specifically, any spatial convolution layer of the CNN can be replaced by two successive convolution layers: the first is a set of three-dimensional orthonormal basis filters, followed by a layer of one-dimensional filters that represents the original spatial filters in the basis space. We jointly fine-tune both the basis and the filter representation to directly mitigate any performance loss due to the truncation. Generality of the proposed approach is demonstrated by applying it to several well known deep CNN architectures and data sets for image classification and object detection. We also present the execution time and power usage at different compression levels on the Xavier Jetson AGX processor.
Double-clad Yb-free Er-doped fibers for high average and peak power lasers (2016)

An overview of recent progress in development of highly efficient, high average and peak power lasers based on Yb-free Er-doped double clad fibers is presented. The most promising applications of such devices are discussed.
Sensitivity and specificity of hypopnoea detection using nasal pressure in the presence of a nasal expiratory resistive device (Provent®) (2014)

Nasal expiratory resistive valves (Provent(®)) have been proposed as novel therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. We compared pressure measurements from a standard nasal pressure catheter used to assess nasal airflow during sleep with those from nasal expiratory resistive device with attached proprietary nasal pressure cannula. Nasal pressure cannula or Provent(®) + proprietary nasal pressure cannula were attached to a bench model of human anterior nares and nasal passages, and pressure measured (P). Respiratory airflows generated by a subject breathing were applied to rear of model and airflow (V) measured via pneumotachograph. Airflow amplitude (ΔV) was plotted against pressure amplitude (ΔP). Hypopnoea detection (<50% ΔV) sensitivity and specificity was tested by expressing ΔP in terms of two reference breaths: reference breath 1, ΔV 0.55 L s(-1) = 100%; and reference breath 2, ΔV 0.45 L s(-1) = 100%. ΔP/ΔV relationships were linear for ΔV ≤ 0.55 L s(-1); ΔP = 0.37ΔV + 0.16 (nasal pressure cannula), ΔP = 2.7ΔV + 0.12 (Provent(®) + proprietary nasal pressure cannula); both R(2) > 0.65, p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001 for between slope difference). For nasal pressure cannula, specificity of hypopnoea detection differed between reference breaths one and two (80.2% and 40.0%, respectively), and Provent(®) + proprietary nasal pressure cannula (30.3% and 74.2%, respectively). Quantification of airflow obstruction in the presence of Provent(®) + proprietary nasal pressure cannula is greatly influenced by the reference breath chosen to determine a reduction in nasal airflow. Reported variability in therapeutic response to nasal expiratory resistive devices may relate to differences in measurement technique specificity used to quantify the severity of sleep disordered breathing.
An active noise canceling microphone (1988)

This paper describes a noise canceling microphone that uses the principles of active noise control. Both physical (acoustic) cancellation, by means of a loudspeaker, and electronic cancellation have been applied to the problem. The results show that a high level of performance may be obtained while removing the requirement to have the microphone extremely close to the lips. Excellent cancellation was achieved at a distance of 24 in. from the signal source using tones, harmonic noise, pink noise, and a variety of cockpit noises from a helicopter, a turbo-prop, and a jet fighter. Conventional microphones may be used to implement the active noise canceling microphone, or a conventional noise canceling microphone may also be used as a basis for implementation of this concept. The active noise control microphone is superior to conventional noise-canceling microphones in rejecting background noise.
Identification of glutamate-169 as the third zinc-binding residue in proteinase III, a member of the family of insulin-degrading enzymes (1993)

A novel active site has been identified in a family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that includes bacterial proteinase III, the human and Drosophila insulin-degrading enzymes, and the processing-enhancing protein subunit of the mitochondrial processing proteinase. None of these enzymes contains the conserved active site described in most other metalloendopeptidases, HEXXH; instead, all four contain an inversion of this motif, HXXEH. Prior mutagenesis studies of proteinase III indicate that the two histidines are essential for co-ordinating the zinc atom, while all three residues are required for enzyme activity. To identify the third zinc-binding residue in this protein family, three glutamates downstream from the active site were mutated to glutamine in proteinase III. The mutant proteins were expressed and their ability to degrade insulin was compared with the wild-type enzyme. The glutamate-204 mutant was as active as the wild-type protein, the glutamate-162 mutant retained 20% of the activity of the wild-type enzyme and the glutamate-169 mutant was completely devoid of insulin-degrading activity. The purified wild-type and glutamate-204 mutant enzymes were found to contain nearly stoichiometric levels of zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas the glutamate-162 mutant had a slight reduction in the level of zinc, and the glutamate-169 mutant retained less than 0.3 mol of zinc/mol of enzyme. These findings are consistent with glutamate-169 being the third zinc-binding residue in proteinase III.
Prediction and Communication Co-design for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (2019)

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) are considered as one of three new application scenarios in the fifth generation cellular networks. In this work, we aim to reduce the user experienced delay through prediction and communication co-design, where each mobile device predicts its future states and sends them to a data center in advance. Since predictions are not error-free, we consider prediction errors and packet losses in communications when evaluating the reliability of the system. Then, we formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the number of URLLC services supported by the system by optimizing time and frequency resources and the prediction horizon. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and show that the tradeoff between user experienced delay and reliability can be improved significantly via prediction and communication co-design. Furthermore, we carried out an experiment on the remote control in a virtual factory, and validated our concept on prediction and communication co-design with the practical mobility data generated by a real tactile device.
Iron-containing proteins augment responses of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen in serum-free medium. (1982)

The effects of various iron-containing compounds on the responses of human peripheral lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were studied in serum-free medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin. Hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin enhanced the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA after PHA-stimulation of lymphocytes, while hemin, iron metal powder, ferrous sulfate, chromium powder, and zinc sulfate have little effect. The response to PWM, measured by plaque formation, was enhanced only by transferrin. Desferrioxamine, a chelating agent specific for ferric iron, completely removed these augmentative effects. The results indicate that iron-containing proteins influenced the responses of lymphocytes to stimulation by PHA and PWM in serum-free medium.