gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consumer engagement in health care policy, research and services: A systematic review and meta-analysis of methods and effects (2022)

To assess the effects of consumer engagement in health care policy, research and services. We updated a review published in 2006 and 2009 and revised the previous search strategies for key databases (The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; EMBASE; PsycINFO; CINAHL; Web of Science) up to February 2020. Selection criteria included randomised controlled trials assessing consumer engagement in developing health care policy, research, or health services. The International Association for Public Participation, Spectrum of Public Participation was used to identify, describe, compare and analyse consumer engagement. Outcome measures were effects on people; effects on the policy/research/health care services; or process outcomes. We included 23 randomised controlled trials with a moderate or high risk of bias, involving 136,265 participants. Most consumer engagement strategies adopted a consultative approach during the development phase of interventions, targeted to health services. Based on four large cluster-randomised controlled trials, there is evidence that consumer engagement in the development and delivery of health services to enhance the care of pregnant women results in a reduction in neonatal, but not maternal, mortality. From other trials, there is evidence that involving consumers in developing patient information material results in material that is more relevant, readable and understandable for patients, and can improve knowledge. Mixed effects are reported of consumer-engagement on the development and/or implementation of health professional training. There is some evidence that using consumer interviewers instead of staff in satisfaction surveys can have a small influence on the results. There is some evidence that consumers may have a role in identifying a broader range of health care priorities that are complementary to those from professionals. There is some evidence that consumer engagement in monitoring and evaluating health services may impact perceptions of patient safety or quality of life. There is growing evidence from randomised controlled trials of the effects of consumer engagement on the relevance and positive outcomes of health policy, research and services. Health care consumers, providers, researchers and funders should continue to employ evidence-informed consumer engagement in their jurisdictions, with embedded evaluation. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018102595.
Voluntary sterilization. (1973)

Voluntary sterilization is discussed in the light of new legal and medical developments and the guidelines of the American Public Health Association. Voluntary sterilization is legal in all 50 states, and a Presidential commission has recommended elimination of all barriers preventing access to sterilization. The Association of Voluntary Sterilization estimates that 550,000 vasectomies were performed in the United States in 1970, and new techniques of female sterilization are making the procedure increasingly safe. The position of the APHA is that sterilization is safe and effective, does not interfere with sexual pleasure, is generally irreversible, and should always be voluntary. The viability of frozen sperm later thawed for artificial insemination has been challenged by several researchers, with one study finding a successful fertilization rate of 42.6% in artificial insemination cases using frozen semen, compared with 69% for fresh semen. Various methods are being investigated to achieve a reversible vasectomy by plugging and unplugging the vas deferens. Laparoscopic tubal division for female sterilization is a new development that appears to be relatively simple and quite safe. The hospital stay is significantly decreased with this procedure. The pregnancy failure rate is about 1%, and the complication rate is about 4-5%.
Réduction de modèle et simplification de l'intégration de loi de comportement pour la prévision de la durée de vie (2013)

The fied of the numerical computation is widely spread in the industrial process for complex systems. From the preliminary design to the manufacturing and the maintenance and overhaul, numerical simulations are many. Instead of intensive computations, reduced order modeling offers efficient alternative methods which aim at reducing the numerical cost of nonlinear problems by projecting the partial differential equations on a reduced basis. Moreover, as the exact description of underlying phenomena leads to complex constitutive laws, a simplification is considered by exploiting a truncated spatial domain over which the problem is considered. The studies carried out aim at providing some developments to the incremental and adaptative A Priori Hyper Reduction method in the field of heterogeneous materials for parametrized analysis. Those theoretical developements were implemented in the finite element code Z-set and used for a set of numerical examples on composite structures.
Temperature effect on gold nanoparticle growth and plasmonic properties. (2013)

The plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles (NPs) have very promising prospects to enhance theefficiency in several branches of science and technology, such as in environmental, energy, biomedicaland information technology. The plasmonic properties are strongly related to the shape, size anddistribution of the NPs and to their surrounding media. Therefore, suitable techniques for optimizedNP manufacturing, as well as improved understanding of the optical characteristics of the NPs, arenecessary for progress.In this work, gold was deposited on heated substrates using DC magnetron sputtering, which is amethod with great reproducibility and suitability for large area coatings. The method is also simple touse and gives NPs at considerably lower temperatures than other heat treating manufacturingtechniques. The depositions were performed at three different substrate temperatures, and a series ofgold NP samples were manufactured at each temperature. The localized surface plasmon resonance ofthe NPs was investigated by optical measurements, and the results were related to the shape, size anddistribution of the NPs, as observed from scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. Basic physics regarding plasmonics and metal NP growth processes are also presented.The optical results show effects of particle-particle interaction, aspect ratio and size of the NPs,which are in full agreement with results on NP structure and distribution.
Histological severity and clinical outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese patients (2016)

Nonobese NAFLD patients tend to have less-severe disease and may have a better prognosis than obese patients. Hypertriglyceridemia and higher creatinine are the key factors associated with advanced liver disease in nonobese patients. (Hepatology 2017;65:54-64).
Combustion of Interacting Two Droplets in an Electric Filed under Microgravity (2004)

Effects of DC electric fields on combustion of droplet pairs were investigated experimentally under Microgravity condition. Fiber-supported n-octane droplets with initial diameters of about 0.7 mm were studied in air at normal atmospheric conditions, with electric field intensities up to 55kV/m. Flames around single droplets are elongated mainly towards the negative electrode, and soot particles are emitted towards both electrodes but mostly towards the negative electrode. Droplet pairs with merged flames were found to behave similarly, but with separated flames the droplet nearest the negative electrode appears to experience electric wind, while the droplet nearest the positive electrode does not. The electric wind appears to increase the burning rate of the droplet.
Polymorphisms associated with human Dectin-1 result in disrupted protein folding and loss of function (135.47) (2009)

Abstract Recognition of fungal pathogens is primarily mediated by a combination of TLRs and Dectin-1, the C-type lectin receptor for fungal β-glucans. While fungal infections in U.S. hospitals primarily arise among immune compromised patients, there has been an increased incidence in fungal infections that has been complicated by the emergence of drug resistance among fungal pathogens. Even though Dectin-1 functions as one of the primary phagocytic receptors in macrophages for fungal pathogens, the importance of Dectin-1 for controlling fungal pathogens is still unclear and may be pathogen dependent. Therefore we set out to analyze the functional consequences of single nucleotide polymophisms (SNPs) in human Dectin-1. When we mutated the full length form of the A isoform of human Dectin-1, two SNPs in the coding region resulted in a loss of phagocytic function. While both mutant forms of the protein were detectable they no longer supported phagocytosis of yeast zymosan particles in non-phagocytic cells. Analysis of alternate amino acid substitutions demonstrated an essential structural role for amino acid 223. Consequently, individuals possessing either of these mutations are potentially at a higher risk for certain fungal pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchrotron Radiation‐Excited Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Nitride Films from a SiH4 + NH3 Gas Mixture. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Athermal Azobenzene‐Based Nanoimprint Lithography (2016)

A novel nanoimprint lithography technique based on the photofluidization effect of azobenzene materials is presented. The tunable process allows for imprinting under ambient conditions without crosslinking reactions, so that shrinkage of the resist is avoided. Patterning of surfaces in the regime from micrometers down to 100 nm is demonstrated.
Studies of Reaction Mechanisms in Nano-Structured Conversion Electrodes Using Magnetic Properties (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Towards a Semantic Web of Community, Content and Interactions (2005)

The Web plays a critical role in hosting Web communities, their content and interactions. A prime example is the open source software (OSS) community, whose members, including software developers and users, interact almost exclusively over the Web. The OSS community constantly generates, shares and refines content in the form of software code through active interaction over the Web on code design and bug resolution processes. The knowledge and implementation experiences around the software content are implicit in the interactions in the community discussion forums on the Web. The Semantic Web is an envisaged extension of the current Web, in which content is given a well-defined meaning, through the specification of metadata and ontologies, that can be understood by software agents. This increases the utility of the content and enables information from heterogeneous sources to be integrated. Although the individual components of a Semantic Web are fairly well-understood, there is a research gap in the application of Semantic Web to a specific domain.
Operational and Denotational Semantics with Explicit Concurrency (1992)

The semantics of a simple language for describing tightly coupled “synchronous” systems is defined in terms of action structures representing histories of computations with explicit concurrency. An operational semantics is defined by term rewriting rules labelled by action structures. A consistent denotational semantics in terms of action structures is defined based on the concept of observable behaviour and on fixpoint theory. A fully abstract denotational semantics is given. In particular, the issue of interleaving semantics versus semantics including explicit concurrency is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: JM‐PHOS Ligands: Second‐Generation Phosphine Oxazolines for Asymmetric Catalysis. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spin-polarized tunneling in a half-metallic ferromagnet (1999)

Direct measurement of the conduction electron spin polarization (P) in epitaxial NiMnSb was performed to test the prediction of half metallicity in this material. Spin-polarized tunneling in NiMnSb/Al2O3/Al junctions showed P of 28%, contrary to the predicted value of 100%. Magnetoresistance measurements in NiMnSb/Al2O3/Ni80Fe20 junctions concurred with this result. The discrepancy between theory and experiment is discussed. Also, the latter junctions show four nonvolatile remanent states due to the NiMnSb magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which has potential as four-level logic elements.
MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES: RESPONDERS TO AND PRODUCERS OF INTERFERON* (1980)

We have provided evidence that in vivo-induced type I IF enhanced Fc-mediated particle uptake by mouse macrophages. Fc-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes by unelicited fresh or cultivated macrophages was stimulated by 4-8 hours of cultivation with 100 ohms/ml IF. A 1-hour pulse was sufficient when followed by incubation in If-free medium. Pactamycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, and camptothecin, and RNA synthesis inhibitor, blocked the stimulation of phagocytosis, indicating a requirement for macromolecular synthesis. Binding by the macrophages of a radioiodinated monoclonal antibody with anti-Fc receptor II specificity indicated that the stimulation of phagocytosis did not result from an increase in the numbers of available Fc receptors. Inflammatory macrophages, while more phagocytic than resting cells, could be further stimulated by IF in vitro, as could macrophages stimulated with LPS. In contrast, macrophages obtained from animals treated with IF inducers could not be further stimulated by IF. LPS-prestimulated and normal macrophages showed similar time-course and dose-response curves to IF, indicating that the probable mechanism of stimulation is similar in both types of cells. Cultivated bone marrow-derived macrophages found to be sensitive to IF induction by LPS, poly I.C., or NDV. The induction of IF by either LPS or poly I.C. was greater at 26 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, while no such difference was found using NDV. A 2-hour pulse of LPS was sufficient to induce IF in marrow-derived macrophages. The induced IF activity was shown to be type I IF.
Humoral and cellular aspects of immunoglobulin allotype suppression in the rabbit. I. Kinetics of neutralization of suppression. (1973)

Rabbits suppressed for paternal allotypic immunoglobulin production were obtained by the mating of homozygous b4 does, producing anti-paternal b6 antibody, with homozygous b6 bucks. This suppression was `neutralized' completely if the neonatal offspring from such matings were injected with paternal b6 immunoglobulin before day 13 of life. If injection was delayed until day 20 only partial neutralization of suppression was obtained.
Er-doped ZnO thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition (2005)

Crystalline erbium(Er)-doped zinc oxide thin films have been grown by pulsed-laser deposition and were analyzed by the complementary use of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence. The composition, structure, and surface morphology of films were studied, as a function of the growth conditions (temperature from 300 °C to 750 °C and oxygen pressure from 10−6 to 0.5 mbar) and Er-doping rate, and were correlated to the emission spectroscopy of Er in the infrared domain. While these studies lead to the determination of optimal conditions for the growth of high crystalline quality films, results of photoluminescence experiments show that the insertion of Er ions in the ZnO matrix does not follow a simple pattern. The Er ions are incorporated from two pathways, one population is found inside the crystallites and another one at the grain boundaries, as a consequence of the differences in valence and ionic radius of Zn and Er.
Dual-target Inhibitors Based on BRD4: Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer (2020)

Developing new anti-cancer agents with new scaffolds and high efficiency is a big challenge for researchers. Dual-target inhibitors based on BRD4 are a class of important bioactive compounds. Making structural modifications on the active dual-target inhibitors according to the corresponding structure-activity relationships is of benefit to obtain more potent anti-cancer leads or clinical drugs. This review will be useful for further development of new dual-target inhibitors based on BRD4 as anti-cancer agents.
An approximate rate equation analysis for bleaching and excitation of thermoluminescence (1991)

A set of kinetic differential equations relevant to the bleaching and excitation of thermoluminescence for the case of a single trapping state for electrons and a single variety of hole-recombination centre has recently been described and solved numerically. An approximate analytical solution to these equations is presented and the result compared with numerical solutions; good agreement between the analytical and numerical results is obtained. A simple analytical expression is given for the final equilibrium density of electrons at e-traps and the occupation number density of holes at r-centres, in terms of the initial densities of these carriers, and the recombination and trapping probabilities. These equilibrium values are found to be the same for both types of carrier. Furthermore, these equilibrium values do not have a very strong dependence on the incident irradiation intensity. The analysis also allows one, by a simple extension, to account for the wavelength dependence of the incident radiation. Other results that cannot be easily formulated with a purely numerical approach are also obtained. For instance, the conditions under which increases (excitation) and decreases (bleaching) in the electron density occur are given.
Osteoblast response to disordered nanotopography (2018)

The ability to influence stem cell differentiation is highly desirable as it would help us improve clinical outcomes for patients in various aspects. Many different techniques to achieve this have previously been investigated. This concise study, however, has focused on the topography on which cells grow. Current uncemented orthopaedic implants can fail if the implant fails to bind to the surrounding bone and, typically, forms a soft tissue interface which reduces direct bone contact. Here, we look at the effect of a previously reported nanotopography that utilises nanodisorder to influence mesenchymal stromal cell (as may be found in the bone marrow) differentiation towards bone and to also exert this effect on mature osteoblasts (as may be found in the bone). As topography is a physical technique, it can be envisaged for use in a range of materials such as polymers and metals used in the manufacture of orthopaedic implants.
Image representation by zero and sine-wave crossings (1987)

Signal representation by its points of crossing of a reference signal is considered with emphasis on applications to images. Some results that are elaborated for the representation of one-dimensional signals by their sine-wave crossings are extended and applied to images. The issue of the stability of the reconstruction algorithms is examined through derivation of bounds on the mean-square error caused by inaccuracies in the determination of crossing locations and by the effect of out-of-band energy. These bounds highlight the dependence of the reconstruction error on major parameters of the underlying signal and the reference sine Wave. Computational results on images reconstructed from their sine-wave crossings support the theoretical results and indicate that the bounds are tight. The representation of signals by their crossings of a reference signal is further examined in the context of a general framework of unique representation wherein the signal is modeled as a sample path of an ergodic band-limited random process. The idea of a scheme for signal representation that is almost stable in a probabilistic sense is introduced and discussed.
Oligomeric bisphenol A‐based PEEK‐like phthalonitrile‐cure and polymer properties (2016)

ABSTRACT The cure behavior and properties of oligomeric bisphenol A‐based PEEK‐like phthalonitrile (PN) are thoroughly examined in this article. The resin is easily processed from the melt at a relatively low temperature (150–200 °C) and the monomer cure occurs in a controlled manner as a function of the amine content and processing thermal conditions. Dynamic mechanical measurements and thermogravimetric analysis show that the polymer properties improve as the maximum PN postcure temperature is increased to 415 °C. The effects of the amine and polymer postcure conditions on the flexural and tensile properties of the PN polymer are investigated. The mechanical properties of the polymer are maximized after postcuring to moderate temperatures (330–350 °C). The polymer exhibits an average flexural strength and tensile strength at break of 117 and 71 MPa, respectively. After oxidative aging at 302 °C for 100 h, the polymer retains excellent mechanical properties. The average flexural and tensile strength retention of the polymers are 81 and 75%, respectively. Microscale calorimetric measurements reveal that the flammability parameters of the oligomeric PN are low compared to other thermosets. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 3769–3777
Plant Associated Rhizobacteria for Biocontrol and Plant Growth Enhancement (2021)

Crop disease remains a major problem to global food production. Excess use of pesticides through chemical disease control measures is a serious problem for sustainable agriculture as we struggle for higher crop productivity. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a proven environment friendly way of controlling plant disease and increasing crop yield. PGPR suppress diseases by directly synthesizing pathogen-antagonizing compounds, as well as by triggering plant immune responses. It is possible to identify and develop PGPR that both suppress plant disease and more directly stimulate plant growth, bringing dual benefit. A number of PGPR have been registered for commercial use under greenhouse and field conditions and a large number of strains have been identified and proved as effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) under environmentally controlled conditions. However, there are still a number of challenges before registration, large-scale application, and adoption of PGPR for the pest and disease management. Successful BCAs provide strong theoretical and practical support for application of PGPR in greenhouse production, which ensures the feasibility and efficacy of PGPR for commercial horticulture production. This could be pave the way for widespread use of BCAs in agriculture, including under field conditions, to assist with both disease management and climate change conditions.