gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute renal failure. I. Relative importance of proximal vs. distal tubular injury (1998)

For more than 15 years, there has been an ongoing debate regarding the nephron segment(s) most severely injured in acute renal failure (ARF) induced by an ischemic or toxic insult. Although some investigators have argued that the proximal tubule (and particularly the S3 segment) is the major target of injury in ARF, others have held the view that damage to the distal nephron [particularly the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) segment] plays a more important role in this disease. In this discussion, the first of three on different aspects of ARF that have been hotly debated, we have invited several experts to discuss their opinions on this issue. The goals of this first discussion (and the subsequent two articles in this forum) are to establish areas of consensus in each area of controversy and also to identify unanswered questions that represent important areas for future research.
IP Upgrade-Engineering Exercise or Necessity? (2010)

IPv6 is the next generation Internet Protocol designated by IETF and is a successor of Internet Protocol version 4. It is predicted that Internet Protocol version 4 addresses will get exhausted by end of 2012[1]. The main driving force for the redesign of Internet Protocol - was the foreseeable IPv4 address exhaustion because of its limited address space (which is 2^32 addresses) coupled by the growth of Internet and Internet enabled services. IPv6 provides flexibility in meeting the addressing needs necessitated by the exponential growth of Internet and Internet enabled services. However, migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 is not a trivial task and requires Internet service providers to upgrade their network, systems and services infrastructure which needs time and money. Hence, today majority of the Internet service providers are not able to arrive at a decision on when is the "right time" for them to deploy IPv6 in their network and services. This whitepaper provides a view of typical timelines and high level approach involved in IPv6 migration considering residential broadband service as an example. This coupled with the kind of rolled out services, geography and the availability of IPv4 address space will determine when the Internet service provider needs to migrate to avoid revenue and market share loss.
3D deformable face model for pose determination and face synthesis (2003)

This paper describes a scheme for pose determination and face synthesis using a deformable 3D face model. This model is a composite of three sub-models: edge model, color model and a wire frame model (WFM) which jointly describe the shape of the face and various facial features. The edge and color models are used for image analysis and the WFM is used mainly for face synthesis. We can project this 3D model onto different view planes based on three rotational parameters to generate 2D face templates for matching face images. After matching, the pose can be readily estimated. The composite face model is allowed to undergo complex deformation to handle face shape variations among different people. The WFM is incorporated into the model so that after matching, the WFM can be readily adapted to the image and image synthesis can be carried out. This technique can be used to analyze and synthesize face images over a wide range of poses.
Stereospecific introduction of a C-17 side chain in a 14β-hydroxy-steroid; X-ray crystal structures of two epimeric 17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-14β-hydroxy-steroids (1981)

Stereospecific introduction of a C-17 side chain in a 14β-hydroxy-steroid was carried out using acetylenic lithium or Grignard reagents; unequivocal proof of the structures of the two products was derived from single-crystal X-ray analyses.
Substrate Diameter-Dependent Photovoltaic Performance of Flexible Fiber-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with TiO2 Nanoparticle/TiO2 Nanotube Array Photoanodes (2019)

Fiber-type dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs) are attractive as an energy source of soft electronics due to low-costs, non-toxicity and especially, their indoor-weak-light workable features. The TiO2 nanotube array (TNA) can grow on flexible Ti wires directly using anodization technique, which is convenient and can provide better contact between substrate/TiO2. However, a systematic study of assembling efficient TNA on photoanode of FDSSC is limited. This study investigated the anodization voltage and time effects of growing TNA on Ti wires. TiO2 nanoparticles (TNP) are fabricated on TNA using dip-coating technique to compensate for low dye adsorption of TNA. Dip-coating rate is varied to optimize TNP thicknesses to provide effective dye adsorption and charge-transfer routes. The highest photon-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 3.31% was obtained for FDSSCs with TNA/TNP photoanode prepared using 60 V as the anodization voltage and 40 cm/min as the dip-coating rate. The influence of titanium wire diameter on η of FDSSCs was studied. The bending test was carried out on flexible FDSSC assembled using plastic tube. The photocurrent retention of 84% is achieved for flexible FDSSC bended for 10 times. This work firstly provides facile ways to assemble efficient photoanode with composite TiO2 structures for FDSSC and opens new insights on studying titanium wire natures on FDSSC performance.
Abstract 17557: Programmed Lower Rate Limit in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators: Is There One Best Approach? (2015)

Introduction: Recent remote follow-up data analysis suggests that Lower Rate Limit (LRL) programming at 40 beats per minute (bpm) is associated with lower mortality than higher LRL in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization defibrillators (CRT-d) devices. Purpose: We evaluated: 1. if LRL programming in CRT-d devices is based on implanting center or if it varies from patient-to-patient within centers and 2. if LRL programming is associated with survival. Method: The ALTITUDE remote follow-up database was analyzed for dual-chamber CRT-d devices implanted 2006-2011. LRL programming near implant was assessed. Patients were included if LRL remained constant during follow-up. Centers were included with &gt;25 implants. Mortality was determined from the Social Security Death Index. Results: Of 64,482 patients receiving CRT-d devices (not in chronic atrial fibrillation), 56,501 were from centers implanting &gt;25 devices. Of these, 4,683 were implanted in centers where most patients (&gt;75%) received the same LRL (homogeneous); 51,818 were implanted in centers with variable LRL programming (heterogeneous). No difference in overall survival existed between the two approaches to LRL programming. However, in centers that varied LRL programming, LRL&lt;60 bpm was associated with better 5-year survival (p&lt;0.001) (figure). Conclusion: Most patients in the ALTITUDE database received CRT-D devices from centers that vary LRL programming. At these centers, LRL &lt;60 bpm programming is associated with better survival but the mechanism of benefit is unknown. Alternatively, LRL &lt;60 bpm programming for all patients does not confer survival benefit.
Suppl Table 2 from Neuromedin U: A Candidate Biomarker and Therapeutic Target to Predict and Overcome Resistance to HER-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Table 2&lt;/p&gt;
Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-y Large Washer SQUID (1993)

For practical purposes of SQUIDs, the magnetic field sensitivity should be enhanced. Since the flux capture area of SQUIDs is proportional to the product of the hole size and the outer dimension of the washer, higher magnetic field sensitivity is expected when the hole sizes or the washer sizes are enlarged. We have fabricated YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- y SQUIDs with large washers (11 mm×11 mm) and investigated these properties. As a result the magnetic field sensitivity was improved by a focussing effect and was 0.34 pT/Hz 1/2 at a white noise level.
Long term effects of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy on quality of life in breast cancer patients (2015)

Breast cancer patients on extended adjuvant endocrine therapy have significantly and clinically relevant better global QoL compared with other stage I-II breast cancer patients and the general population, 6-8.5 years after diagnosis.
Coordinated Online Learning for Multiagent Systems With Coupled Constraints and Perturbed Utility Observations (2020)

Competitive noncooperative online decision-making agents whose actions increase congestion of scarce resources constitute a model for widespread modern large-scale applications. To ensure sustainable resource behavior, we introduce a novel method to steer the agents toward a stable population state, fulfilling the given coupled resource constraints. The proposed method is a decentralized resource pricing method based on the resource loads resulting from the augmentation of the game's Lagrangian. Assuming that the online learning agents have only noisy first-order utility feedback, we show that for a polynomially decaying agents step size/learning rate, the population's dynamic will almost surely converge to generalized Nash equilibrium. A particular consequence of the latter is the fulfillment of resource constraints in the asymptotic limit. Moreover, we investigate the finite-time quality of the proposed algorithm by giving a nonasymptotic time decaying bound for the expected amount of resource constraint violation.
Supplementary Methods and Tables 1-4 from Genetic Variation at the <i>CYP19A1</i> Locus Predicts Circulating Estrogen Levels but not Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Tables 1-4 from Genetic Variation at the &lt;i&gt;CYP19A1&lt;/i&gt; Locus Predicts Circulating Estrogen Levels but not Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women
ChemInform Abstract: THIOCARBONYL‐YLIDE, ANWENDUNG AUF DIE SYNTHESE STERISCH GEHINDERTER THIIRANE (1971)

Abstract Propionaldehyd (I) liefert mit Hydrazin (II) und Schwefelwasserstoff die beiden isomeren Thiadiazolidine (IIIa) und (IIIb); in gleicher Weise führt das Azin des Pivalaldehyds (IV) mit Schwefelwasserstoff zu (IIIc).
An analytical procedure for determining residues of the quaternary ammonium plant regulator AMCHEM Z-2088 (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn analytical procedure for determining residues of the quaternary ammonium plant regulator AMCHEM Z-2088William F. Newhall and Bela S. BusligCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 1, 198–200Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60209a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60209a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of imagery in poor visibility conditions (2005)

Current still image and video systems are typically of limited use in poor visibility conditions such as in rain, fog, smoke, and haze. These conditions severely limit the range and effectiveness of imaging systems because of the severe reduction in contrast. The NASA Langley Research Center’s Visual Information Processing Group has developed an image enhancement technology based on the concept of a visual servo that has direct applications to the problem of poor visibility conditions. This technology has been used in cases of severe image turbidity in air as well as underwater with dramatic results. Use of this technology could result in greatly improved performance of perimeter surveillance systems, military, security, and law enforcement operations, port security, both on land and below water, and air and sea rescue services, resulting in improved public safety.
Binding of a fluorescence reporter and a ligand to an odorant-binding protein of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (2015)

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), also named pheromone-binding proteins when the odorant is a pheromone, are essential for insect olfaction. They solubilize odorants that reach the port of entry of the olfactory system, the pore tubules in antennae and other olfactory appendages. Then, OBPs transport these hydrophobic compounds through an aqueous sensillar lymph to receptors embedded on dendritic membranes of olfactory receptor neurons. Structures of OBPs from mosquito species have shed new light on the mechanism of transport, although there is considerable debate on how they deliver odorant to receptors. An OBP from the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, binds the hydrophobic moiety of a mosquito oviposition pheromone (MOP) on the edge of its binding cavity. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that the orthologous protein from the malaria mosquito binds the insect repellent DEET on a similar edge of its binding pocket. A high school research project was aimed at testing whether the orthologous protein from the yellow fever mosquito, AaegOBP1, binds DEET and other insect repellents, and MOP was used as a positive control. Binding assays using the fluorescence reporter N-phenyl-1-naphtylamine (NPN) were inconclusive. However, titration of NPN fluorescence emission in AaegOBP1 solution with MOP led to unexpected and intriguing results. Quenching was observed in the initial phase of titration, but addition of higher doses of MOP led to a stepwise increase in fluorescence emission coupled with a blue shift, which can be explained at least in part by formation of MOP micelles to house stray NPN molecules.
Thermal Manikin Evaluation of Passive and Active Cooling Garments to Improve Comfort of Military Body Armor (2007)

This study evaluated two different garments designed to increase ventilation and evaporative cooling under Interceptor Body Armor: a passive, Interceptor Ventilation Vest (IVV); and an active, battery-powered, Body Ventilation System (BVS). Both were tested for thermal (Rt, sq m x C/W) and evaporative resistance (Re, sq m x kPa/W) on a thermal manikin (TM), according to ASTM standards. TM results showed Rt and Re increased (16% and 26%, respectively) when IBA was worn. However, increases were lower (9% and 14%) with IVV under IBA. These lowered resistances increased TM evaporative cooling potential approximately 15%. With the BVS blower unit ON, TM measurements of Rt and Re were lower (17% and 20%), when compared to OFF values. This increased TM evaporative cooling potential approximately 18%. Military use of these garments could allow for increases in sweat evaporation and overall thermal comfort during operational heat exposure.
Bernstein-Sato-Polynome und Faltungsgruppen zu Differentialoperatoren (1989)

This work relies on Bernstein’s method of analytic continuation of the distribution-valued function P^1 ( P a polynomial) with respect to the complex exponent 2. In the case of a homogeneous, elliptic partial differential operator P(\mathrm i \partial / 2 \pi) , the convolvability and the validity of the relation T_{\lambda} \cdot T_{\mu} = T_{\lambda + \mu} in the “convolution group” \{T_{\lambda}\} , which corresponds to P^1 through Fourier transform, is characterized by a condition on the indices \lambda, \mu . In this way, we generalize the known convolution properties of the elliptic Riesz kernels R_{\lambda} , which represent the convolution group of the Laplacean operator. In a second part, Bernstein’s process of analytic continuation is carried out in a constructive manner in the special case of the polynomial P being of the form x_1^m + \cdots + {x'}_n^m . The importance of this process for the computation of fundamental solutions of the powers of the corresponding differential operator P(\mathrm i \partial / 2 \pi) is illustrated in working out the example \partial _1^4 + \partial _2^4 .
Commentary: The Effect of T1-Slope in Spinal Parameters After Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (2020)

Correspondence: Domagoj Coric, MD, Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Atrium Musculoskeletal Institute, 225 Baldwin Avenue, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA. Email: [email protected]
EarVR: Using Ear Haptics in Virtual Reality for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing People (2020)

Virtual Reality (VR) has a great potential to improve skills of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) people. Most VR applications and devices are designed for persons without hearing problems. Therefore, DHH persons have many limitations when using VR. Adding special features in a VR environment, such as subtitles, or haptic devices will help them. Previously, it was necessary to design a special VR environment for DHH persons. We introduce and evaluate a new prototype called "EarVR" that can be mounted on any desktop or mobile VR Head-Mounted Display (HMD). EarVR analyzes 3D sounds in a VR environment and locates the direction of the sound source that is closest to a user. It notifies the user about the sound direction using two vibro-motors placed on the user's ears. EarVR helps DHH persons to complete sound-based VR tasks in any VR application with 3D audio and a mute option for background music. Therefore, DHH persons can use all VR applications with 3D audio, not only those applications designed for them. Our user study shows that DHH participants were able to complete a simple VR task significantly faster with EarVR than without. The completion time of DHH participants was very close to participants without hearing problems. Also, it shows that DHH participants were able to finish a complex VR task with EarVR, while without it, they could not finish the task even once. Finally, our qualitative and quantitative evaluation among DHH participants indicates that they preferred to use EarVR and it encouraged them to use VR technology more.
Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Low-Cost LED and Conventional Phototherapy for Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (2011)

Our objective was to carry out a prospective, randomized, single-blind study to evaluate whether light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy using a low-cost set of lights is as effective as conventional phototherapy in treating hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. The study included 45 pre-term neonates requiring phototherapy as per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines; participants were randomized to receive phototherapy using LED-based lights, conventional fluorescent blue lights or conventional halogen lights. There were no statistically significant differences in the average bilirubin levels at the onset, at the maximum and at the end of treatment, nor in the duration of phototherapy treatment and the rate of decrease in bilirubin levels in the neonates receiving conventional fluorescent blue light, conventional halogen light and LED phototherapy. (Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05). The average rate of decrease of bilirubin levels was 0.047 ± 0.037 mg dl(-1) h(-1), 0.055 ± 0.056 mg dl(-1) h(-1) and 0.057 ± 0.045 mg dl(-1) h(-1) in the groups receiving conventional fluorescent blue light, conventional halogen light and LED phototherapy, respectively. The average duration of phototherapy treatment in the three groups was 108.8 ± 85.9 h, 92.8 ± 38.1 h, 110.4 ± 42.6 h, respectively. In this pilot study, LED phototherapy using a simple, low-cost set of lights was as effective as conventional phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. LED phototherapy lights that deliver 30-40 µW cm(-2 )nm(-1) can be assembled in small quantities for <US$ 100 each using off-the-shelf parts; such lights may enable phototherapy to be safely and reliably delivered in low-resource settings.
Compact atomic clock based on coherent populationtrapping (2001)

A simple, compact, low-power physics package for a vapour-cell atomic clock is described. The device measures 6.6 × 1.6 × 1.3 cm and dissipates less than 30 mW of electrical power without thermal control. The instability is 1.3 × 10-10/√[τ/(s)] for integration times τ below 100 s. Applications for this device include distributed telecommunications systems, advanced global positioning system (GPS) receivers and laboratory instrumentation.
Clinical outcomes in post-epikeratophakic eyes after removal of epikeratoplasty lenticule (2021)

The surgeon should expect the corneal refractive power to steepen or flatten in some cases with abnormal astigmatism and irregularity. Epikeratophakic eyes may exhibit serious ectatic changes, and abnormal epithelial cell ingrowth after removal of epikeratophakic lenticules.
Application of ESI-FAIMS-MS to the analysis of tryptic peptides (2002)

High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) separates gas-phase analyte ions from chemical background, offering substantial improvements in the detection of peptides from complex protein digests. For a digest of enolase 1 (baker's yeast), the focusing and separation offered by FAIMS produced an average intensity gain of 3.5 for the tryptic ions and reductions in background intensity of 5- to 10-fold when compared with ESI-MS. The increased signal-to-background in the ESI-FAIMS-MS experiment resulted in a greater number of identifiable peptides and therefore greater sequence coverage. Compensation voltage (CV) maps for a total of 282 tryptic peptides from thirteen proteins, generated according to charge-state, mass-to-charge ratios, and chain length, show that a majority of tryptic peptides can be detected by operating FAIMS at a few discrete values of CV rather than scanning CV across a wide range. The ability to reduce scanning requirements has potential benefits for coupling FAIMS with LC-MS. In select cases, FAIMS can be used to eliminate isobaric MS overlap between tryptic peptides; however, the primary advantage of FAIMS in an LC-FAIMS-MS analysis is foreseen to be the attenuation of chemical background noise rather than the separation of individual peptides. Using FAIMS to reduce mass spectral noise will offer improved detection of peptides from low abundance proteins in complex biological samples.
High volume 850nm oxide VCSEL development for high bandwidth optical data link applications (2009)

Directly modulated 850nm oxide VCSEL is a key enabling technology for short reach, high speed data-communication applications. Current commercially available optical transceiver products operate at data rate up to 10Gb/s per channel, for aggregate data rate of 70Gb/s and beyond, in the case of parallel optical data link. High volume, low cost, over temperature optical modulation speed, spectral width, output power, thermal power budget, large signal electrical interaction with the IC driver, and reliability are some of the key requirements driving the 850nm oxide VCSEL development. In this paper, we discuss some of the engineering issues investigated for developing a viable oxide VCSEL product operating at 10Gb/s per channel and higher data rate.