gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF NEEDLE-BASED MICROENDOSCOPY FOR FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR IMAGING OF BREAST TUMOR MODELS (2009)

Fluorescence molecular imaging enables the visualization of basic molecular processes such as gene expression, enzyme activity, and disease-specific molecular interactions in vivo using targeted contrast agents, and therefore, is being developed for early detection and in situ characterization of breast cancers. Recent advances in developing near-infrared fluorescent imaging contrast agents have enabled the specific labeling of human breast cancer cells in mouse model systems. In synergy with contrast agent development, this paper describes a needle-based fluorescence molecular imaging device that has the strong potential to be translated into clinical breast biopsy procedures. This microendoscopy probe is based on a gradient-index (GRIN) lens interfaced with a laser scanning microscope. Specifications of the imaging performance, including the field-of-view, transverse resolution, and focus tracking characteristics were calibrated. Orthotopic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts stably expressing the tdTomato red fluorescent protein (RFP) were used to detect the tumor cells in this tumor model as a proof of principle study. With further development, this technology, in conjunction with the development of clinically applicable, injectable fluorescent molecular imaging agents, promises to perform fluorescence molecular imaging of breast cancers in vivo for breast biopsy guidance.
Rodent models of pulmonary hypertension: harmonisation with the world health organisation’s categorisation of human PH (2011)

The WHO classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) recognises five distinct groups, all sharing a mean, resting, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) > 25 mmHg. The aetiology of PH varies by group (1-pulmonary vascular disease, 2-high left heart filling pressures, 3-hypoxia, 4-unresolved pulmonary embolism and 5-miscellaneous). Inclusion in a group reflects shared histological, haemodynamic and pathophysiological features and has therapeutic implications. Advantages of using rodent models to understand the pathophysiology of human PH and to test experimental therapies include the economy, safety and mechanistic certainty they provide. As rodent models are meant to reflect human PH, they should be categorised by a parallel PH classification and limitations in achieving this ideal recognised. Challenges with rodent models include: accurate phenotypic characterisation (haemodynamics, histology and imaging), species and strain variations in the natural history of PH, and poor fidelity to the relevant human PH group. Rat models of group 1 PH include: monocrotaline (± pneumonectomy), chronic hypoxia + SU-5416 (a VEGF receptor inhibitor) and the fawn-hooded rat (FHR). Mouse models of group 1 PH include: transgenic mice overexpressing the serotonin transporter or dominant-negative mutants of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2. Group 1 PH is also created by infecting S100A4/Mts1 mice with γ-herpesvirus. The histological features of group 1 PH, but not PH itself, are induced by exposure to Schistosoma mansoni or Stachybotrys chartarum. Group 3 PH is modelled by exposure of rats or mice to chronic hypoxia. Rodent models of groups 2, 4 and 5 PH are needed. Comprehensive haemodynamic, histological and molecular phenotyping, coupled with categorisation into WHO PH groups, enhances the utility of rodent models.
Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of an Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging Station in a Weak Distribution Feeder (2021)

This work investigates and evaluates the performance and impact of a dc fast charging station (DCFCS) in a rural distribution feeder under various grid conditions. The station includes three dc fast chargers, each of which is rated at 360 kW and 900 V. The studies are conducted in time-domain using the off-line PLECS software platform. The studies show that the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage drop limits the lowest short-circuit ratio (SCR) that the DCFCS can satisfactorily operate with. An enhancement method, utilizing both a load curtailment strategy and a battery energy storage system, is consequently proposed to maintain the PCC voltage above its lower limit under low SCR conditions, thereby extending the charging station’s range of operation. RTDS-based real-time simulation results i) verify that the enhanced DCFCS is able to operate under the extended grid condition and ii) demonstrate the hardware implementation feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Native-oxide-defined low-loss AlGaAs-GaAs planar waveguide bends (1993)

Data are presented on planar waveguide S-bends fabricated from AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs p-n quantum well heterostructure (QWH) laser material by a wet native oxidation process. The oxide’s low refractive index (n∼1.55) is used to define ∼3.5-μm-wide single mode guides exhibiting low excess losses for raised-cosine S-bends with 100 μm offsets. The waveguide’s routing properties are determined by the lateral effective index profile which is controlled by the native oxide thickness. Guides with two different oxidation depths are investigated. For the deepest oxidation, excess bend losses of 3 dB are measured for transition distances of ∼180 μm and ≲120 μm for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations, respectively. Theoretical loss calculations for the guides show good agreement with measured data. Guides with a shallow oxidation exhibit 3 dB transition lengths of ∼260 μm and ∼220 μm for the TE and TM polarizations.
Acetoacetate and Glucose as Lipid Precursors and Energy Substrates in Primary Cultures of Astrocytes and Neurons from Mouse Cerebral Cortex (1986)

Primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons derived from neonatal and embryonic mouse cerebral cortex, respectively, were incubated with [3-14C]acetoacetate or [2-14C]glucose. The utilization of glucose and acetoacetate, the production of lactate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, and 14CO2, and the incorporation of 14C and of 3H from 3H2O into lipids and lipid fractions were measured. Both cell types used acetoacetate as an energy substrate and as a lipid precursor; lactate was the major product of glucose metabolism. About 60% of the acetoacetate that was utilized by neurons was oxidized to CO2, whereas this was only approximately 20% in the case of cultured astrocytes. This indicates that the rate at which 14C-labeled Krebs cycle intermediates exchange with pools of unlabeled intermediates is much higher in astrocytes than in neurons. Acetoacetate is a better precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol than glucose, presumably because it can be used directly in the cytosol for these processes; preferential incorporation into cholesterol was not observed in these in vitro systems. We conclude that ketone bodies can be metabolized both by the glial cells and by the neuronal cells of developing mouse brain.
Online experimental medicine study of emotional bias training in healthy participants (2021)

This was an experimental study delivered online of emotional bias training (EBT) in a sample of healthy volunteers (n = 522), recruited via Prolific (prolific.co). The study aimed to investigate the effect of active EBT on a range of mental health and functional outcomes. The study protocol was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) (osf.io/6xcu7).
Non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: technical possibilities and problems. (1990)

Non-invasive automatic 24-h indirect ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure and the heart rate was performed in 2010 subjects at the Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Steglitz, Free University of Berlin, Germany, from 1983 to 1990. Blood pressure profiles were obtained using seven different monitors, Pressurometer III (Del Mar Avionics), Physioport (Natic), Accutracker (Oxford), Blutdrucksystem (Medizintechnik), SL 5200, SL 90202 and SL 90207 (SpaceLabs). The monitors were equipped with auscultatory and/or oscillometric devices, provided accurate readings and were repeatedly used up to eight times in some patients. Up to 100 data points per 24 h provided diurnal blood pressure profiles for over 91% of the patients in clinical and non-clinical situations. Early identification of borderline hypertensives at risk of cardiovascular disease and detailed information on the efficacy of different antihypertensive regimens may in part justify the high costs of the monitors. Although disturbance to sleep remained a problem in more than 20% of the patients investigated, the new, lighter, quieter monitors (e.g. SpaceLabs 90207 at 380 g) were well received by patients and nurses. In the future, simultaneous registration with 24-h ECG may help in identifying the effects of different antihypertensive therapies on blood pressure variability and the periodicity of the heart rate.
An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between the Financial Expenditure and Agriculture Economy Growth in Gansu Province (2009)

Applying cointegration theory and Granger causality test,this paper analyzed the relationship between financial expenditure and agriculture economy growth based on the related data of Gansu Province.The results showed that the growth of agricultural production caused the growth of productive expenditures,while the growth of financial expenditure for agriculture didn't cause obvious growth of the agricultural economy.
Truncated Hemoglobin O Carries an Autokinase Activity and Facilitates Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Under Hypoxia (2019)

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> Although the human pathogen, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), is strictly aerobic and requires efficient supply of oxygen, it can survive long stretches of severe hypoxia. The mechanism responsible for this metabolic flexibility is unknown. We have investigated a novel mechanism by which hemoglobin O (HbO), operates and supports its host under oxygen stress. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We discovered that the HbO exists in a phospho-bound state in <i>Mtb</i> and remains associated with the cell membrane under hypoxia. Deoxy-HbO carries an autokinase activity that disrupts its dimeric assembly into monomer and facilitates its association with the cell membrane, supporting survival and adaptation of <i>Mtb</i> under low oxygen conditions. Consistent with these observations, deletion of the <i>glb</i>O gene in <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> bacillus Calmette-Guerin, which is identical to the <i>glb</i>O gene of <i>Mtb</i>, attenuated its survival under hypoxia and complementation of the <i>glb</i>O gene of <i>Mtb</i> rescued this inhibition, but phosphorylation-deficient mutant did not. These results demonstrated that autokinase activity of the HbO modulates its physiological function and plays a vital role in supporting the survival of its host under hypoxia. <b><i>Innovation and Conclusion:</i></b> Our study demonstrates that the redox-dependent autokinase activity regulates oligomeric state and membrane association of HbO that generates a reservoir of oxygen in the proximity of respiratory membranes to sustain viability of <i>Mtb</i> under hypoxia. These results thus provide a novel insight into the physiological function of the HbO and demonstrate its pivotal role in supporting the survival and adaptation of <i>Mtb</i> under hypoxia.
Astavarga plants - threatened medicinal herbs of the North-West Himalaya (2012)

Astavarga eight medicinal plants viz., Kakoli (Roscoea purpurea Smith), Kshirkakoli (Lilium polyphyllum D. Don), Jeevak (Crepidium acuminatum (D. Don) Szlach), Rishbhak (Malaxis muscifera (Lindl.) Kuntze), Meda (Polygonatum verticillatum(Linn.) Allioni), Mahameda(P. cirhifolium (Wall.) Royle), Riddhi (Habenaria intermediaD. Don) and Vriddhi (H. edgeworthii Hook. f. ex Collett). All of these plants have their natural habitats in Himalaya partic u- larly the North-West Himalaya in Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh between elevations of 1500 and 4000 m asl. Their natural habitats are sp ecific in ecological environment and hence these occur only in small pockets . Astavarga is important ingredient of various Ayurvedic formulations such as Chavyanprasha. Although some work has been done on identification of medicinal plants mentioned under Astavarga, but still there is need to identify the true re p- resentatives of this Astavarga group. The present communication deals with the taxonomical and medicinal properties of these eight medicinal plants.
Ultra-dense LEO: Integrating Terrestrial-Satellite Networks into 5G and Beyond for Data Offloading (2018)

In this paper, we propose a terrestrial-satellite network (TSN) architecture to integrate the ultra-dense low earth orbit (LEO) networks and the terrestrial networks to achieve efficient data offloading. In TSN, each ground user can access the network over C-band via a macro cell, a traditional small cell, or a LEO-backhauled small cell (LSC). Each LSC is then scheduled to upload the received data via multiple satellites over Ka-band. We aim to maximize the sum data rate and the number of accessed users while satisfying the varying backhaul capacity constraints jointly determined by the LEO satellite based backhaul links. The optimization problem is then decomposed into two closely connected subproblems and solved by our proposed matching algorithms. Simulation results show that the integrated network significantly outperforms the non-integrated ones in terms of the sum data rate. The influence of the traffic load and LEO constellation on the system performance is also discussed.
SQL-SA for big data discovery polymorphic and parallelizable SQL user-defined scalar and aggregate infrastructure in Teradata Aster 6.20 (2016)

There is increasing demand to integrate big data analytic systems using SQL. Given the vast ecosystem of SQL applications, enabling SQL capabilities allows big data platforms to expose their analytic potential to a wide variety of end users, accelerating discovery processes and providing significant business value. Most existing big data frameworks are based on one particular programming model such as MapReduce or Graph. However, data scientists are often forced to manually create adhoc data pipelines to connect various big data tools and platforms to serve their analytic needs. When the analytic tasks change, these data pipelines may be costly to modify and maintain. In this paper we present SQL-SA, a polymorphic and parallelizable SQL scalar and aggregate infrastructure in Aster 6.20. This infrastructure extends Aster 6's MapReduce and Graph capabilities to support polymorphic user-defined scalar and aggregate functions using flexible SQL syntax. The implementation enhances main Aster components including query syntax, API, planning and execution extensively. Integrating these new user-defined scalar and aggregate functions with Aster MapReduce and Graph functions, Aster 6.20 enables data scientists to integrate diverse programming models in a single SQL statement. The statement is automatically converted to an optimal data pipeline and executed in parallel. Using a real world business problem and data, Aster 6.20 demonstrates a significant performance advantage (25%+) over Hadoop Pig and Hive.
Corrigendum: Lymphocytes in Cellular Therapy: Functional Regulation of CAR T Cells (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03180.].
Image restoration using a neural network (1988)

An approach for restoration of gray level images degraded by a known shift invariant blur function and additive noise is presented using a neural computational network. A neural network model is used to represent a possibly nonstationary image whose gray level function is the simple sum of the neuron state variables. The restoration procedure consists of two stages: estimation of the parameters of the neural network model and reconstruction of images. Owing to the model's fault-tolerant nature and computation capability, a high-quality image is obtained using this approach. A practical algorithm with reduced computational complexity is also presented. A procedure for learning the blur parameters from prototypes of original and degraded images is outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Geometric group key-sharing scheme using euclidean distance (2017)

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of sensor nodes and a base station. In WSNs, constructing an efficient key-sharing scheme to ensure a secure communication is important. In this paper, we propose a new key-sharing scheme for groups, which shares a group key in a single broadcast without being dependent on the number of nodes. This scheme is based on geometric characteristics and has information-theoretic security in the analysis of transmitted data. We compared our scheme with conventional schemes in terms of communication traffic, computational complexity, flexibility, and security, and the results showed that our scheme is suitable for an Internet-of-Things (IoT) network.
The Growing Threat of Biological Weapons The terrorist threat is very real, and it's about to get worse. Scientists should concern themselves before it's too late (2006)

For half a century, America has participated with the world's nuclear powers in an uneasy standoff of mutually assured destruction. Despite the seemingly relentless proliferation of nuclear arms, there's reason to hope that some version of the current stalemate will continue to hold. Against this backdrop, terrorist factions and nations of concern (the current government euphemism for rogue states) have sought ways to leverage their chances. In the jargon of the day, they seek a means to wage against a more powerful, nuclear-capable adversary. Asymmetric warfare concentrates on the use of unconventional (and affordable) and tactics, ranging from traditional guerrilla fighting to the deployment of new of mass destruction. Ironically, the supremacy in conventional weaponry established by the U.S.—and demonstrated to lethal effect during the 1991 Gulf War—has made asymmetric warfare all the more attractive. Figuring prominently in the arsenal of asymmetric warfare are both biological and chemical weapons. Although it may be something of a misnomer to label most current forms of these agents as weapons of mass destruction, their power is nevertheless considerable. Worse still, it is now increasing, and these are emerging as a serious threat to peace in the 21st century. Here I explore the historical development and use of biological weapons, as well as some recent trends in their evolution and the prospects for containing their proliferation. The Plague and Anthrax Biological warfare is not a new phenomenon. The ancient Romans, and others before them, threw carrion into wells to poison their adversaries' drinking water. In the 14th century the Tatars catapulted the bodies of bubonic-plague victims over the city walls of Kaffa, a Black Sea port that served as a gateway to the Silk Road trade route. People inside the city soon came down with the disease, suggesting that the maneuver may have worked—but the tactic may have exceeded the Tatars' operational goals. Some of the city's inhabitants escaped in sailing ships, which happened to be infested with rats, carrying fleas infected with the causative agent of plague, the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The escaping ships entered various Italian ports that subsequently served as foci for the spread of the disease. Over the next three years, the bubonic plague—the Black Death— raged northward, wiping out nearly a third of Western Europe.
Interest Estimation for Images Based on Eye Gaze-based Visual and Text Features (2019)

This paper presents an estimation method of user-specific interests for images. The proposed method computes a projection which maximizes the correlation between “eye gaze data which are collected while watching images” and “visual and text features” by utilizing Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Since eye gaze data reflect user's interests, new visual and text features calculated by using obtained projections can be also expected to reflect user's interests. Then accurate estimation of user-specific interests for images via Support Vector Machine (SVM) becomes feasible from these features. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
Automatically Extracting Fields from Unknown Network Protocols (2006)

There are thousands of network protocols in active use on the internet. System administrators often need to extract information from particular fields in such protocols without having sufficient information or time to programatically parse the packets. We propose an active learning framework to perform this extraction in an unknown protocol, in which the user presents the system with a small number of labeled instances. Our system then automatically generates an abundance of features and negative examples; we then use a boosting approach for feature selection and classifier combination. The system then displays its results for the user to correct and/or add new examples and iterate. In our preliminary experiments on DNS queries and responses, we achieve less than 0.1% generalization error using only a handful of labeled examples and thus a minimum of user effort. This translates to perfect retrieval from 86% of unlabeled packets.
The New Intensive Supervision Movement (1990)

In the face of severe institutional crowding across the United States, the 1980s has seen a revitalization of probation and parole through reliance on intensive supervision programs (ISPs). The ISPs of the 1980s are different from their predecessors of two decades earlier. Experiences with the new ISP movement identifies four areas of concern: stated goals may be difficult to achieve, confusion exists in the identification of appropriate target groups, supervision methods may be inappropriate to some clients, and the operating contexts are sometimes hostile to the ISP movement.
Cuticle development and underlying transcriptome-metabolome associations during early seedling establishment (2022)

ABSTRACT The plant cuticle is a complex extracellular lipid barrier that provides protection from numerous environmental stressors and is critical for normal organ development. In this study, we investigated cuticle deposition by integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics data gathered from six different maize seedling organs of four genotypes, the inbred lines B73 and Mo17, and their reciprocal hybrids. These datasets captured the developmental transition of the seedling from heterotrophic skotomorphogenic growth to autotrophic photomorphogenic growth, which is a transition that is highly vulnerable to environmental stresses. Statistical interrogation of these data reveals that the predominant determinant of cuticle composition is seedling organ type, whereas the seedling genotype has a smaller effect on this phenotype. Gene-to-metabolite associations assessed by joint statistical analyses of transcriptome and metabolome datasets identified three gene networks connected with the deposition of different fractions of the cuticle: a) cuticular waxes; b) cutin of aerial organs and suberin of roots; and c) both of these fractions. These networks consist of genes that encode known components of the machinery that supports cuticle deposition, demonstrating the utility of this integrated omics approach. Moreover, these gene networks reveal three additional metabolic programs that appear to support cuticle deposition, including processes of a) chloroplast biogenesis, b) lipid metabolism, and c) molecular regulation (e.g., transcription factors, post-translational regulators and phytohormones). This study demonstrates the wider physiological metabolic context that can determine cuticle deposition and lays the groundwork for new targets for modulating properties of this protective barrier.