gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gestational nutrition 1: alterations to gestational nutrition can increase indicators of fertility in sheep (2019)

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between gestational nutrition, fetal ovarian development and offspring fertility in female sheep and to highlight the potential mechanisms underlying these relationships. Adult sheep (n = 79) were fed either a maintenance or 0.6 of maintenance plane of nutrition for the first 55 days of gestation and thereafter fed ad libitum. Fetuses were collected for analysis at days 55 and 75 of gestation. Female offspring were monitored from birth until 19 months of age. Effects of restricted nutrition were observed on maternal plasma concentrations of progesterone, creatinine, albumin and Ca2+ at day 55 and creatinine at day 75. Concentrations of metabolic factors and steroid hormones in day 75 fetal plasma were not affected by the restricted maternal plane of nutrition. At day 55 of gestation, fetal ovarian germ cell development was not affected by maternal plane of nutrition. At day 75 of gestation ovaries from fetuses whose dams were exposed to restricted nutrition contained more germ cells but had lower germ cell proliferation rates than controls. For female offspring at 8 months of age, the dams gestational plane of nutrition did not affect the onset of puberty, ovulation rate (OR) and antral follicle counts (AFC). At 19 months of age, ewes from dams exposed to the restricted plane of gestational nutrition had higher OR, AFC and progesterone concentrations while concentrations of FSH were lower. In conclusion, while effects on fertility per se are yet to be determined, a reduced maternal plane of gestational nutrition can improve indicators of fertility in female offspring.
Synthesis of 3-amino- and 3-azidoanalogs of 9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA) (1989)

1-Azidopropane-2,3-diol ( IIb ) reacts with p -toluenesulfonyl chloride to give the tosyl derivative IIIa which, on acid catalyzed condensation with 2,3-dihydropyran, afforded 1-azido-2-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy-3-( p -toluenesulfonyloxy)propane ( IIIb ). Treatment of adenine sodium salt with IIIb resulted in the intermediate IV which was transformed by acid hydrolysis to 9-( RS )-(3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl)adenine ( V ). Catalytic hydrogenation of V led to 9-( RS )-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)adenine ( VI ). 9-( RS )-(3-Azido-2-hydroxypropyl)-N 6 -benzoyladenine ( VII ) was obtained from V by chlorotrimethylsilane/benzoyl chloride treatment. Reaction of the compound VII with dimethyl p -toluenesulfonyloxymethanephosphonate ( VIII ) in the presence of excess sodium hydride, followed by alkaline hydrolysis, afforded methyl 9-(3-azido-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ( IXa ) which was transformed to the parent acid IXb by bromotrimethylsilane treatment. Hydrogenolysis of IXb yielded 9-( RS )-(3-amino-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine ( X ).
Analysis of Turbine Generator Shaft Torsional Vibration Caused by Self‐Commutated Converters (2015)

SUMMARY This paper presents a simple analysis tool for torsional vibration of the rotor shaft of a turbine generator which is interconnected with a power system with self‐commutated converters. The evaluation is based on analysis of measurement data in the field and instantaneous value‐based power system simulation. A number of power converters with large capacity are installed in industrial power systems. Especially, interharmonics originating from self‐commutated converters cause torsional vibration at the rotor shaft of rotating machines. The interaction between rotating machines and converters is known as sub‐synchronous torsional interaction. The resonance between interharmonics from converters and the natural frequency of the rotor shaft causes large torsional vibrations, leading to shaft damage. In this paper, the influence of interharmonics on turbine generators is investigated. If there were air gap torque fluctuations with a frequency near the natural frequency caused by interharmonics, which have frequencies below 100 Hz of the sideband wave caused by asynchronous pulse width modulation, the rotor shaft may be damaged by the torsional vibration. In this paper, the emerging condition of the torsional vibration and the impact on the generator are investigated.
Newcastle disease virus fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins contribute to its macrophage host range (2013)

The fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are multifunctional proteins that play critical roles during infection. Here, we assessed the ability of NDV to replicate in macrophages and investigated the contribution of the F and HN proteins to NDV infection/replication in these cells. Results of our study revealed that, while presenting similar replication kinetics in a fibroblast cell line (DF1) or in primary non-adherent splenocytes, the NDV strain CA02 replicates better in macrophages (HD11 and primary adherent splenocytes) than the NDV strain Anhinga/93. Notably, exchange of the HN or both F and HN genes of NDV Anhinga/93 by the corresponding genes from NDV CA02 markedly improved the ability of the chimeric viruses to replicate in macrophages. These results indicate that the F and HN proteins are determinants of NDV macrophage host range. This represents the first description of productive NDV infection in macrophages.
Multiscale Static Analysis of Notched and Unnotched Laminates Using the Generalized Method of Cells (2015)

Peer Reviewed
EFECTO DEL CONTENIDO EN LA RESOLUCIÓN DE TAREAS PROBABILÍSTICAS DE CONJUNCIÓN COnTenT eFFeCTS in pROBaBiliTY JUDgMenTS (2006)

Conjunction errors were studied in two types of prediction tasks that implied different notions of probability: fictional and realistic (Teigen, Martinussen & Lund, 1996). In the present study, 83 students of Psychology of the University of Buenos Aires were asked to evaluate the probability of Argentina winning the first three matches of the World Soccer Cup 2006 (realistic) and Linda’s problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983). The differences found in the amount of errors between the two tasks were highly significant. Conjunction errors were reduced by judgments that involve realistic contents. Such findings indicate the relevance of considering socio ecological factors in probabilistic reasoning (Hertwig & Gigerenzer, 1999) as well as in didactic strategies.
MP390ASSOCIATION OF DIPSTICK PROTEINURIA WITH ALL CAUSE MORTALITY IN GENERAL POPULATION: RESULTS FROM THE SPECIFIC HEALTH CHECK AND GUIDANCE PROGRAM IN JAPAN (2017)

RESULTS: A first HK event was experienced by 195,178 UK patients over the study period, with a severity of mild, moderate, and severe in 91.2%, 7.2%, and 1.7% of patients, respectively. Only 5.8% of patients were retested for K + within 14 days of the initial event. Retests were less common in patients with mild (3.9%) versus moderate (23.4%) or severe HK (55.3%). Moderate or severe HK was identified at retest in 42% and 25% of patients with severe or moderate HK, respectively, compared to 13% of patients with initial mild HK. Overall incidence of HK recurrence was 8.07 per 100 PYs. HK incidence was highest in patients with a severe initial HK event (12.14 per 100 PYs, compared to 7.82 and 10.68 per 100 PYs in patients with a mild or moderate initial HK event, respectively). Time-to-event analyses suggest that, in addition to age, important risk factors for recurrence include comorbid type 1 or 2 diabetes (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.81-1.91) and concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.64-1.85) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.23, 1.31). Compared to patients with an initial mild HK event, HRs of recurrence for moderate or severe HK were similar (moderate, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.33-1.44]; severe, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.23-1.47]). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than 6% of patients with HK were retested for K + within 14 days, and those tests may not have been due to concern for HK as it is part of a standard chemistry panel. The incidence of recurrent HK was 8.07 per 100 PYs overall and increased with increasing severity of the initial HK event. Patients who experience an initial HK event are at high risk for subsequent events and further research is needed to understand these patients and how best to treat them.
Artificial Intelligence based advanced Signal Integrity prediction (2022)

As the signaling speeds continue to increase, maintaining Signal Integrity (SI) for the complete customer design space is a huge challenge. These constraints, along with the limitations of traditional methods of design space inclusion and channel behavior prediction pose significant risk to system design. Specific focus is needed on design space utilization techniques used for factoring in platform variability. Interfaces like PCIe Gen5/Gen6/Gen4 etc. exhibit higher order behaviors that can’t be modelled by current prediction algorithm like Response Surface Method (RSM). This leads to inaccurate system behavior understanding and results in unreliable platform design recommendations. To minimize design risk and achieve highly reliable scaling of Platform Design Guide (PDG) solution, this paper discusses the implementation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based methodology to cover complete design space and predict higher order system behaviors with high accuracy. Current SI method involves RSM type Design of Experiments (DOE) creation and results prediction using second order RSM as shown in Fig. 2(a). It has limitations since RSM uses only three variable levels therefore doesn’t cover the entire design space. It can only model up to second order system behavior. These issues can be addressed using proposed AI based methodology shown in Fig. 2(b). These AI techniques have been encapsulated into an AI based tool called Fitpro which fully automates space filled DOE creation and SI results prediction. Fitpro significantly reduces manual interventions and positively impacts efficiency.
Combined therapy of perifosine and ABT-737 results in higher cytotoxic effect but also induces expression of EMT markers in colon cancer cell lines (2019)

Colon cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer with almost 2 million new cases in Western countries in 2018. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in tumorigenesis. One of the most common aberrations during carcinogenesis is the activating mutation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway which also modulates tumor resistance to therapy. Therefore, PI3K/Akt pathway was suggested as promising target for anticancer therapy. Perifosine is a synthetic alkyl phospholipid which inhibits Akt recruitment to the cell membrane. Despite promising results in many types of tumors, perifosine failed during clinical studies. In this study, we tested combined therapy of perifosine with ABT-737 (BCL-2 protein family inhibitor) in conditions of specific tumor-like microenvironment, such as hypoxia and acidosis. We found a synergistic cytotoxic effect of perifosine and ABT-737 in colon cancer cells. In 3D models, ABT-737 helps perifosine penetrate deeper into the spheroid and increases its cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, we also observed increased expression of EMT markers Slug/Snail and enhanced cell migration into collagen matrix after simultaneous treatment with perifosine and ABT 737 suggesting that some cells may undergo EMT and became resistant to this combined therapy.
Dose monitoring and output correction for the effects of scanning field changes with uniform scanning proton beam (2011)

This study proposes a correction model for accurate USPB output calculation, which takes account of scanning field settings and the PDM stem effects. This model may be used to extend the existing output calculation model from one snout size to other snout sizes with customized scanning field settings. The study is especially useful for calculating field output for treatment without individualized patient specific measurements.
Five Cases ofDe NovoInflammatory Bowel Disease After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (2006)

Immunosuppression is currently the treatment of choice for severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, it was anticipated that the course of preexisting IBD should improve after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Despite sufficient allograft immunosuppressive therapy, however, exacerbation of IBD or the development of de novo IBD after OLT were described in some cases, primarily in patients transplanted for end-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). In addition, the development of de novo IBD in patients undergoing OLT for indications other than PSC was described. Evaluating our collective of 314 liver transplanted patients we found five patients transplanted for various indications other than PSC (autoimmune hepatitis [AIH], acute-on-chronic hepatitis B, Wilson's disease, and cryptogenic cirrhosis) who developed de novo IBD after OLT despite sufficient immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus or cyclosporine. PSC was widely excluded in these patients by clinical and histological examinations and there was no sign of an enteric infection. It was remarkable that all patients were suspected to have an autoimmune background. Four of our patients were women and almost all patients showed histologically typical signs of an ulcerative colitis (UC). To prevent allograft rejection, three of five patients were treated with cyclosporine and the other two with tacrolimus. After diagnosis, treatment with aminosalicylates and corticosteroids led to complete clinical and histological remission. However, relapses occurred frequently after termination of specific therapy. In combination with previous reports, our cases indicate an immune dysregulation leading to the development of de novo IBD after OLT under immunosuppressive therapy. Reviewing the literature, it should be considered that apart from the autoimmune background, immunosuppressive therapy may itself play a major role in the development of de novo IBD. From the clinical point of view, it is of critical importance to detect this phenomenon, since diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in transplanted patients and therapy for this disorder completely differs from the treatment for other causes of diarrhea. Aminosalicylates and courses of corticosteroids offer an effective treatment.
Results of bacteriophage treatment of suppurative bacterial infections. III. Detailed evaluation of the results obtained in further 150 cases. (1984)

The results of phage therapy applied in further 150 cases of suppurative bacterial infections were analyzed. Positive therapeutic results were obtained in 137 cases (91.3%). The results obtained confirmed the previous findings on great effectiveness of bacteriophages in the treatment of septic infections, spontaneous or postoperative, caused by pyo genic Staphylococci, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Proteus and Pseudomonas.
Energy enhancement of dispersion-managedsolitons and WDM (1998)

It is shown that for very strong dispersion management, the energy enhancement depends not only on the dispersion map strength, but also on the ratio between the dispersion difference and the average dispersion. In WDM systems operating near zero average dispersion, this dependence can be exploited to almost equalise the energy per channel.
Estimation of object location from wideband scattering data (1999)

We present a time domain algorithm for computation of the maximum likelihood estimate of the location of a known scattering object from wide-band scattering data acquired in a suite of scattering experiments. The algorithm consists of a three-step procedure: (1) data filtering, (2) time-domain backpropagation, and (3) coherent summation and is implemented via a number of forward and inverse Radon transforms integrated into a tomographic scheme. A computer simulation is included for illustration purposes.
Calculation of dynamic stresses in viscoelastic sandwich beams using oma (2017)

The mechanical response of sandwich elements with viscoelastic core is time and temperature dependent. Laminated glass is a sandwich element where the mechanical behavior of the glass layers is usually considered linear-elastic material whereas the core is made of an amorphous thermoplastic which is modelled as linear-viscoelastic. Dynamic displacements and stresses can be estimated in structural elements combining the experimental responses measured in a reduced set of DOF's with standard sensors and the mode shapes of a finite element model which has to be correlated and updated using experimental data. In simple structures, analytical mode shapes can be used alternatively to the numerical ones. In this paper, the dynamic stresses on the glass layers of a laminated glass beam have estimated using the experimental acceleration responses measured at 7 points of the beam, and the experimental mode shapes estimated with operational modal analysis which were expanded using an analytical model. The predicted stresses are validated with the experimental strains provided by two strain gages attached to the beam.
Integrating Content Detail and Critical Reasoning by Peer Review (2008)

Classroom lectures by experts in combination with journal clubs and Web-based discussion forums help graduate students develop critical reasoning skills.
Effect of temperature and illumination on pyrite oxidation between pH�2 and 6 (2000)

The effect of heat and illumination with visible light on the oxidation of pyrite with dissolved molecular oxygen in solutions between pH 2 and 6 has been investigated using a combination of surface science experiments and batch oxidation experiments. The rate of the oxidation of pyrite is strongly dependent on temperature. It is, however, not possible to cast the temperature dependence in a simple Arrhenius equation because the magnitude of the activation energy depends on the progress variable chosen. Activation energies based on proton release rate, sulfate release rate, and total iron release rate vary by as much as 40 kJ mol-1, suggesting that the oxidation mechanism of the sulfur and iron component of pyrite are largely independent of each other. This difference in mechanism can also explain why the reaction rates on the basis of these three different progress variables do not show the same pH dependence. Exposed to visible light, the rate of pyrite oxidation is under most conditions accelerated by less than a factor of two. Some of this acceleration may be accounted for by a light-induced heating of the pyrite surface. Surface science experiments employing photoelectron spectroscopy show no evidence for significant changes in the chemical composition of the surface as a function of exposure to visible light. The batch sorption experiments show, however, that the reaction stoichiometry changes somewhat, which indicates that there might be a change in reaction mechanism as a result of exposure to visible light.
Effect of Propylthiouracil Upon Thyroidal I131Release in the Methimazole-Thyroxine Treated Rat1 (1963)

Propylthiouracil (PTU) in doses of 0.05, .15, 1 or 10 mg/day quickly accelerated the rate of thyroidal I131 release in 15 of 21 adult rats whose recycling of I131 was prevented by methimazole and whose initial thyroidal I131 release was slowed by exogenous thyroxine. The magnitude of the response was independent of PTU dose. One or 2 rats failed to respond to each dose of PTU administered. Rats whose thyroidal I131 release rates were accelerated by PTU had significantly higher plasma levels of radioactivity than rats whose thyroidal I131 release slopes were unaffected by PTU. The percentages of protein-bound I131 and inorganic I131 in the plasma, however, were unchanged. These data confirm the thesis that PTU administration promptly causes an increased thyrotrophin secretion by the pituitary.
The Complex Relationship Between Empathy, Engagement and Boredom (2016)

In human computer interactions --- especially gaming --- the role of empathy has been mooted as a necessary prerequisite for higher levels of engagement and immersion. More recently other forms of engagement, including intellectual/cognitive engagement, have been proposed. In this study we present a carefully controlled dataset of human-computer interactions with a wide range of stimuli that ranged from highly engaging to boring to test these two theories. Analyzing 844 response sets to visual analogue scales (VAS) for empathy, interest, boredom, and engagement, we found that high empathy was sufficient for high engagement but is not necessary, whilst the converse was not true. We also found that empathy and boredom were incompatible with each other, but low levels of either were permissive rather than causal to the other. We conclude that there is no monotonic relationship between increasing empathy and engagement; either empathy is a sufficient (but not necessary) cause of engagement, or engagement is a necessary precursor to high empathy.
Optimal Insulin Pump Dosing and Postprandial Glycemia Following a Pizza Meal Using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (2005)

Use of a dual-wave bolus extended over an 8-h period following a pizza meal provided significantly less postprandial hyperglycemia in the late postprandial period (8-12 h) with no increased risk of hypoglycemia.
Graphs and Maps (2013)

Graphs and maps help you reason with data. They also help you communicate results. A good graph gives you the most information in the shortest time, with the least ink in the smallest space (Tufte, 1997). In this chapter, we show you how to make graphs and maps using R. A good strategy is to follow along with an open session, typing (or copying) the code as you read. Before you begin make sure you have the following data sets available in your workspace. Do this by typing . . . &gt; SOI = read.table("SOI.txt", header=TRUE) &gt; NAO = read.table("NAO.txt", header=TRUE) &gt; SST = read.table("SST.txt", header=TRUE) &gt; A = read.table("ATL.txt", header=TRUE) &gt; US = read.table("H.txt", header=TRUE) . . . Not all the code is shown but all is available on our Web site. It is easy to make a graph. Here we provide guidance to help you make informative graphs. It is a tutorial on how to create publishable figures from your data. In R you have several choices. With the standard (base) graphics environment, you can produce a variety of plots with fine details. Most of the figures in this book use the standard graphics environment. The grid graphics environment is even more flexible. It allows you to design complex layouts with nested graphs where scaling is maintained upon resizing. The lattice and ggplot2 packages use grid graphics to create more specialized graphing functions and methods. The spplot function for example is plot method built with grid graphics that you will use to create maps. The ggplot2 package is an implementation of the grammar of graphics combining advantages from the standard and lattice graphic environments. It is worth the effort to learn. We begin with the standard graphics environment. A box plot is a graph of the five-number summary. The summary function applied to data produces the sample mean along with five other statistics including the minimum, the first quartile value, the median, the third quartile value, and the maximum. The box plot graphs these numbers. This is done using the boxplot function.
Components and Antioxidant Activity ofHypericum tomentosumL. (Clusiaceae) (2012)

Abstract Thirteen compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids and sterols) were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum tomentosum L. Their structures were established on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis, and by comparison with the literature data. In vivo and in vitro protective effect of the butanolic extract of H. tomentosum (BEHT) against acute oxidative stress induced by a single dose of 20 mg/kg epirubicin (an anticancer drug) was evaluated in female Wistar rat using kidney and heart cytosolic fraction. Scavenging effect of BEHT, lipid peroxidation (MDA), glutathione (GSH) concentration and Catalase activity were measured. BEHT extract restored the renal and heart functions and clearly shows a protective effect against epirubicin-induced oxidative stress.