gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of HDAC Enzymes Contributes to Differential Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Proteins in the TLR-4 Signaling Cascade (2020)

Class I and II histone deacetylases (HDAC) are considered important regulators of immunity and inflammation. Modulation of HDAC expression and activity is associated with altered inflammatory responses but reports are controversial and the specific impact of single HDACs is not clear. We examined class I and II HDACs in TLR-4 signaling pathways in murine macrophages with a focus on IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε) which has not been investigated in this context before. Therefore, we applied the pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) as well as HDAC-specific siRNA. Administration of HDACi reduced HDAC activity and decreased expression of IKKε although its acetylation was increased. Other pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, iNOS, TNFα) also decreased while COX-2 expression increased. HDAC 2, 3 and 4, respectively, might be involved in IKKε and iNOS downregulation with potential participation of NF-κB transcription factor inhibition. Suppression of HDAC 1-3, activation of NF-κB and RNA stabilization mechanisms might contribute to increased COX-2 expression. In conclusion, our results indicate that TSA and SAHA exert a number of histone- and HDAC-independent functions. Furthermore, the data show that different HDAC enzymes fulfill different functions in macrophages and might lead to both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects which have to be considered in therapeutic approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Decarboxylation of α‐Amino Acids with in situ Generated Dimethyl Dioxirane. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two novel strains of Bacillus thuringiensis toxic to coleopterans (1991)

Two novel strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from native habitats by the use of genes coding for proteins toxic to coleopterans (cryIII genes) as hybridization probes. Strain EG2838 (isolated by the use of the cryIIIA probe) contained a cryIIIA-hybridizing plasmid of approximately 100 MDa and synthesized crystal proteins of approximately 200 (doublet), 74, 70, 32, and 28 kDa. Strain EG4961 (isolated by the use of a cryIIIA-related probe) contained a cryIIIA-hybridizing plasmid of approximately 95 MDa and synthesized crystal proteins of 74, 70, and 30 kDa. Structural relationships among the crystal proteins of strains EG2838 and EG4961 were detected; antibodies to the CryIIIA protein toxic to coleopterans reacted with the 74- and 70-kDa proteins of EG2838 and EG4961, antibodies to the 32-kDa plus 28-kDa proteins of EG2838 reacted with the 30-kDa protein of EG4961, and antibodies to the 200-kDa proteins of EG2838 reacted with the 28-kDa protein of EG2838. Experiments with B. thuringiensis flagella antibody reagents demonstrated that EG2838 belongs to H serotype 9 (reference strain B. thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi) and that EG4961 belongs to H serotype 18 (reference strain B. thuringiensis subsp. kumamotoensis). A mixture of spores plus crystal proteins of either EG2838 or EG4961 was toxic to the larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), and significantly, the EG4961 mixture was also toxic to the larvae of southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi). DNA restriction blot analysis suggested that strains EG2838 and EG4961 each contained a unique gene coding for a protein toxic to coleopterans.
Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia: What it Reveals About the Disease and What it Tells us About a Patient (2009)

Neuroimaging in psychiatry, and in schizophrenia in particular, moves ahead at a rapid pace delivering new insights into the nature of the illness and its intriguing symptoms via technologies such as MRI, fMRI, PET, and SPET scanning. How do these impact on understanding the patient in front of us? What do they mean for the busy clinician in clinic? We outline some of the recent findings in neuroimaging research of schizophrenia and consider their potential application in clinical practice.
Methods for removal of residual catalyst from polymers prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization (2010)

Abstract Methods for removing the residual Grubbs' third generation catalyst from polymers prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization are reported. Two strategies were investigated for reduction of the residual catalyst in the final polymer product. The first strategy involved the use of heterogeneous functionalized particles to scavenge the catalyst from the solution. Filtration of the particles followed by precipitation produced polymers with 10–60 ppm residual catalyst, depending on the type of particle used, surface functional groups, and number of equivalents. The second strategy used small organic molecules that could coordinate to the metal species and modify the solubility of the catalyst, facilitating partitioning of the catalyst into the precipitation solvent. Several types of molecules with varied functionality reduced the residual catalyst level to 30–120 ppm, depending on the loading. Hydrogenation of the polymer backbone followed by precipitation lowered the residual Ru content from 195 ppm to 10 ppm, suggesting that the difficulty of completely removing the catalyst could be a result of coordination of the metal species to the double bonds in the polymer backbone. Reducing the amount of trace catalyst significantly improved the oxidative stability of the polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Regulation of MHC Class I Expression in Lung Epithelial Cells during Inflammation (2022)

Lung infections are a perennial leading cause of death worldwide. The lung epithelium comprises three main cell types: alveolar type I (AT1), alveolar type II (AT2), and bronchiolar cells. Constitutively, these three cell types express extremely low amounts of surface MHC class I (MHC I) molecules, that is, <1% of levels found on medullary thymic epithelial cells (ECs). We report that inhalation of the TLR4 ligand LPS upregulates cell surface MHC I by ∼25-fold on the three subtypes of mouse lung ECs. This upregulation is dependent on <i>Nlrc5</i>, <i>Stat1</i>, and <i>Stat2</i> and caused by a concerted production of the three IFN families. It is nevertheless hampered, particularly in AT1 cells, by the limited expression of genes instrumental in the peptide loading of MHC I molecules. Genes involved in production and response to cytokines and chemokines were selectively induced in AT1 cells. However, discrete gene subsets were selectively downregulated in AT2 or bronchiolar cells following LPS inhalation. Genes downregulated in AT2 cells were linked to cell differentiation and cell proliferation, and those repressed in bronchiolar cells were primarily involved in cilium function. Our study shows a delicate balance between the expression of transcripts maintaining lung epithelium integrity and transcripts involved in Ag presentation in primary lung ECs.
A focused air-pulse system for optical-coherence-tomography-based measurements of tissue elasticity (2013)

Accurate non-invasive assessment of tissue elasticity <i>in vivo</i> is required for early diagnostics of many tissue abnormalities. We have developed a focused air-pulse system that produces a low-pressure and short-duration air stream, which can be used to excite transient surface waves (SWs) in soft tissues. System characteristics were studied using a high-resolution analog pressure transducer to describe the excitation pressure. Results indicate that the excitation pressure provided by the air-pulse system can be easily controlled by the air source pressure, the angle of delivery, and the distance between the tissue surface and the port of the air-pulse system. Furthermore, we integrated this focused air-pulse system with phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) to make non-contact measurements of tissue elasticity. The PhS-OCT system is used to assess the group velocity of SW propagation, which can be used to determine Young's modulus. Pilot experiments were performed on gelatin phantoms with different concentrations (10%, 12% and 14% w/w). The results demonstrate the feasibility of using this focused air-pulse system combined with PhS-OCT to estimate tissue elasticity. This easily controlled non-contact technique is potentially useful to study the biomechanical properties of ocular and other tissues <i>in vivo</i>.
A hybrid method for more efficient channel‐by‐channel reconstruction with many channels (2011)

In MRI, imaging using receiving coil arrays with a large number of elements is an area of growing interest. With increasing channel numbers for parallel acquisition, longer reconstruction times have become a significant concern. Channel reduction techniques have been proposed to reduce the processing time of channel-by-channel reconstruction algorithms. In this article, two schemes are combined to enable faster and more accurate reconstruction than existing channel reduction techniques. One scheme use two stages of channel reduction instead of one. The other scheme is to incorporate all acquired data into the final reconstruction. The combination of these two schemes is called flexible virtual coil. Applications of flexible virtual coil for partially parallel imaging, motion compensation, and compressed sensing are presented as specific examples. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a major impact in reducing computation cost in reconstruction with high-channel count coil elements.
From Image to Text Classification: A Novel Approach based on Clustering\n Word Embeddings (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for text classification based on\nclustering word embeddings, inspired by the bag of visual words model, which is\nwidely used in computer vision. After each word in a collection of documents is\nrepresented as word vector using a pre-trained word embeddings model, a k-means\nalgorithm is applied on the word vectors in order to obtain a fixed-size set of\nclusters. The centroid of each cluster is interpreted as a super word embedding\nthat embodies all the semantically related word vectors in a certain region of\nthe embedding space. Every embedded word in the collection of documents is then\nassigned to the nearest cluster centroid. In the end, each document is\nrepresented as a bag of super word embeddings by computing the frequency of\neach super word embedding in the respective document. We also diverge from the\nidea of building a single vocabulary for the entire collection of documents,\nand propose to build class-specific vocabularies for better performance. Using\nthis kind of representation, we report results on two text mining tasks, namely\ntext categorization by topic and polarity classification. On both tasks, our\nmodel yields better performance than the standard bag of words.\n
A facile and fast method for the functionalization of polymersomes by photoinduced cycloaddition chemistry (2011)

Polymersomes are promising platforms for use in biosensing, where their stability may be crucial over that of liposomes. For the introduction of the desired functionality multiple strategies have been reported for functionalization of polymersomes. However, none of them have combined readily available starting materials, facility and in situ quantification. We show a simple 4-step method for functionalization of polymersomes starting from commercially available materials. For the key conjugation step a recently explored light induced cycloaddition was used which is relatively fast (15 min) and allows in situ quantification by the intrinsic fluorescence of the conjugate. The facility of the protocol, the ease of preparation and quantification make this ‘click’-type conjugation method a promising alternative to the established strained cycloadditions.
A Basic Study on Profile Grinding with Elid (2005)

A profile grinding system by the Electrolytic In-Process Dressing (ELID) technique was developed for precision tool. In order to obtain precise surface for complicated shapes of workpieces, straight and v-face cast iron bond diamond grinding wheels were mounted on the machine along with an optical projection system. Using this system, basic experiment was made for processing stamping tools. To obtain higher surface roughness in the finish grinding, the rough and medium finish grinding conditions need to be further studied. This paper has reported on the results of the investigation into rough and medium finish grinding conditions.
Regeneration of Tooth Enamel by Flexible Hydroxyapatite Sheet (2011)

Before a tooth erupts, the ameloblasts are lost, which means that the tooth enamel does not regenerate itself after tooth eruption. In the present study, we attempt to regenerate the tooth enamel artificially using a flexible hydroxyapatite (HAp) sheet. First, a HAp film was deposited on a soluble substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using an ArF excimer laser. Next, the HAp film was collected as a freestanding sheet by dissolving the substrate using a solvent. The HAp sheet was adhered to the extracted human teeth using a calcium phosphate solution. The variation of the crystal structure of the HAp sheet with time was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the variation in the mechanical characteristics with time between the HAp sheet and dental enamel were evaluated using tensile and scratch tests. The results suggest that the HAp sheet became fused to the tooth enamel within approximately one week.
Conclusion and future thoughts (2019)

Data quality is one of the most important problems in data management, since dirty data often leads to inaccurate data analytics results and incorrect business decisions. Poor data across businesses and the U.S. government are reported to cost trillions of dollars a year. Multiple surveys show that dirty data is the most common barrier faced by data scientists. Not surprisingly, developing effective and efficient data cleaning solutions is challenging and is rife with deep theoretical and engineering problems. This book is about data cleaning, which is used to refer to all kinds of tasks and activities to detect and repair errors in the data. Rather than focus on a particular data cleaning task, we give an overview of the endto- end data cleaning process, describing various error detection and repair methods, and attempt to anchor these proposals with multiple taxonomies and views. Specifically, we cover four of the most common and important data cleaning tasks, namely, outlier detection, data transformation, error repair (including imputing missing values), and data deduplication. Furthermore, due to the increasing popularity and applicability of machine learning techniques, we include a chapter that specifically explores how machine learning techniques are used for data cleaning, and how data cleaning is used to improve machine learning models. This book is intended to serve as a useful reference for researchers and practitioners who are interested in the area of data quality and data cleaning. It can also be used as a textbook for a graduate course. Although we aim at covering state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques, we recognize that data cleaning is still an active field of research and therefore provide future directions of research whenever appropriate.
Propofol anaesthesia for ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval: accumulation of the anaesthetic agent in follicular fluid (1992)

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol, Diprivan, ICI-Pharmaceuticals, Manchester, UK) is widely used either as an adjunct in general anaesthesia or as sole anaesthetic agent by the continuous intravenous route and intermittent bolus injections for minor surgical interventions. For several years, we have been using this kind of anaesthesia in transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in-vitro fertilization (IVF), allowing a completely painless puncture on an out-patient basis. From in-vitro studies on mouse oocytes, it appeared that propofol could be deleterious for fertilization in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We therefore investigated the concentrations of propofol in follicular fluid during oocyte retrieval in women. We measured propofol levels in serum and follicular fluid of nine patients at fixed intervals during ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval. Serum levels fluctuated randomly, due to interference from top-off doses of propofol. In follicular fluid, however, we found a steady increase of propofol levels, which was proportional to the total dose of propofol administered. These data indicate that propofol accumulates in follicular fluid. Although it seems unlikely that propofol as used in the present protocol exerts a clinically significant unfavourable effect on IVF, we suggest that the oocyte retrieval procedure should be kept as short as possible, in order to limit the accumulation of the anaesthetic in follicular fluid.
Principles of hash-based text retrieval (2007)

Hash-based similarity search reduces a continuous similarity relation to the binary concept "similar or not similar": two feature vectors are considered as similar if they are mapped on the same hash key. From its runtime performance this principle is unequaled--while being unaffected by dimensionality concerns at the same time. Similarity hashing is applied with great success for near similarity search in large document collections, and it is considered as a key technology for near-duplicate detection and plagiarism analysis. This papers reveals the design principles behind hash-based search methods and presents them in a unified way. We introduce new stress statistics that are suited to analyze the performance of hash-based search methods, and we explain the rationale of their effectiveness. Based on these insights, we show how optimum hash functions for similarity search can be derived. We also present new results of a comparative study between different hash-based search methods.
Non-parametric Nature of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Dependence on Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): A Viewpoint of Vehicular Emissions (2011)

This study assesses tropospheric ozone distribution at six locations in the United Kingdom (UK) and characterizes the correlation of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and ozone at a roadside location. Distribution of ozone is investigated, applying Shapiro-Wilk test and graphical presentations. The histograms are right skewed and show maximum frequency at ozone mixing ratios from 0 to 5 ppb (particularly at urban centers and roadsides locations), which is probably caused by high levels of freshly produced NOx by road traffic. NOx is a dominant sinks for ozone at urban and roadside sites due to its ozone scavenging effects. The study concludes that there is evidence that tropospheric ozone is not normally distributed (p-values < 0.05) and therefore non-parametric statistics should be used for ozone data analysis or prediction; and consistent with literature ozone is negatively correlated with NOx. The negative correlation between ozone and NOx is stronger in winter months and night time hours when the interference from meteorological variables (particularly solar radiation) is minimum; the correlation is weaker in summer months and day time hours. Moreover the negative correlation is stronger at low NOx levels (up to 80 ppb hourly mean, Spearman correlation coefficient R is ‘-0.72’) and becomes weaker as NOx levels increase (over 80 ppb R value is ‘-0.53’). When NOx mixing ratios reach as high as 200 ppb or over the correlations become positive.
The Immunology of Lyme Borreliosis (1990)

Journal Article The Immunology of Lyme Borreliosis Get access Albert F. Finn, Albert F. Finn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raymond J. Dattwyler Raymond J. Dattwyler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 21, Issue 5, 1 May 1990, Pages 305–309, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/21.5.305 Published: 01 May 1990
Andrew Myllar, a short study of Scotland's first printer (1958)

Andrew Myllar, a short study of Scotland's first printer Get access Charles H. Morris Charles H. Morris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CCIII, Issue nov, 1 November 1958, Page 491, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CCIII.nov.491 Published: 01 November 1958
Proposal of Novel Methodology on Microscopic Colorimetry for Slide Fastener Produced by Different Dyeing Process (2017)

Recently, novel dyeing technology for slide fastener made of a synthetic resin have been developed in order to meet the advanced demands of the market. As the dyeing technology advances, the quality management such as the colorimetry is quite important. This study proposed the novel methodology on microscopic colorimetry, and applied it to slide fasteners produced by different dyeing process. Firstly, the own colorimetric equipment was experimentally constructed for obtaining the distribution of the light reflection from slide fasteners. Secondly, the deriving procedure of colors appearing at the area of monofilament which is consisted of a slide fastener was investigated. In other word, the technique of image processing with masking was applied in order to identify the area of the monofilament. And the histogram concerned with colors measured at the monofilament was obtained. Furthermore, the characterization of color information contained in histogram was investigated. Finally, proposed methodology of colorimetry was applied to slide fasteners produced by different dying process (i.e., the normal dyeing process, the metallic layered process and the thin-layered process). And, parameters (i.e., dominant color, dominant color ratio and variation of the color, appearing at monofilament) was compared among the specimens. As the result, it was found that the dominant color was agreed with every dying process. However the variation of the color of the slide fastener produced by the metallic layered process and by the thin-layered process were larger than that of the slide fastener produced by the normal dyeing. From these results, microscopic colorimetry become one of the quality management of slide fasteners.
Efficacious Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Produced by High Yield Bacterial Expression: A Solution to Global Pandemic and Seasonal Needs (2008)

It is known that physical linkage of TLR ligands and vaccine antigens significantly enhances the immunopotency of the linked antigens. We have used this approach to generate novel influenza vaccines that fuse the globular head domain of the protective hemagglutinin (HA) antigen with the potent TLR5 ligand, flagellin. These fusion proteins are efficiently expressed in standard E. coli fermentation systems and the HA moiety can be faithfully refolded to take on the native conformation of the globular head. In mouse models of influenza infection, the vaccines elicit robust antibody responses that mitigate disease and protect mice from lethal challenge. These immunologically potent vaccines can be efficiently manufactured to support pandemic response, pre-pandemic and seasonal vaccines.
Point stabilization of mobile robots via state space exact feedback linearization (2003)

In this paper, the point stabilization of mobile robots via state space exact feedback linearization is presented. The state space exact feedback linearization has not been possible for the point stabilization of mobile robots due to the restricted mobility caused by nonholonomic constraints. Under our proposed coordinates, however, the point stabilization problem can be exactly transformed into the problem of controlling a linear time invariant system. Thus, using well-established linear control theory, the point stabilization of robots can be easily formulated.