gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Male sex may not be associated with worse outcomes in primary all-posterior adult spinal deformity surgery: a multicenter analysis (2017)

OBJECTIVE Adolescent spine deformity studies have shown that male patients require longer surgery and have greater estimated blood loss (EBL) and complications compared with female patients. No studies exist to support this relationship in adult spinal deformity (ASD). The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between sex and complications, deformity correction, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with ASD. It was hypothesized that male ASD patients would have greater EBL, longer surgery, and more complications than female ASD patients. METHODS A multicenter ASD cohort was retrospectively queried for patients who underwent primary posterior-only instrumented fusions with a minimum of 5 levels fused. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Primary outcomes were EBL, operative time, intra-, peri-, and postoperative complications, radiographic correction, and HRQOL outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index, SF-36, and Scoliosis Research Society-22r Questionnaire). Poisson multivariate regression was used to control for age, comorbidities, and levels fused. RESULTS Ninety male and 319 female patients met the inclusion criteria. Male patients had significantly greater mean EBL (2373 ml vs 1829 ml, p = 0.01). The mean operative time, transfusion requirements, and final radiographic measurements did not differ between sexes. Similarly, changes in HRQOL showed no significant differences. Finally, there were no sex differences in the incidence of complications (total, major, or minor) at any time point after controlling for age, body mass index, comorbidities, and levels fused. CONCLUSIONS Despite higher EBL, male ASD patients did not experience more complications or require less deformity correction at the 2-year follow-up. HRQOL scores similarly showed no sex differences. These findings differ from adolescent deformity studies, and surgeons can counsel patients that sex is unlikely to influence the outcomes and complication rates of primary all-posterior ASD surgery.
Control Technology off Minimal Slip-Type Torque Converter Clutch (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;If a torque converter clutch is allowed to slip to a minimal amount, engine torque can be transmitted through a transmission without torque variation problem, and also low fuel consumption is realized by putting the clutch in operation even at low engine revolution. Oil pressure applied to clutch is electronically feedback-controlled to keep clutch slip to a minimal amount. But this feedback system tends to become unstable by impairment of various factors of the system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper relates to the stability analysis of feedback system, and especially to the control method by which feedback system can be made stable even when µ-v characteristic of clutch facing material is impaired.&lt;/div&gt;
Tunable Photoluminescence Wavelength of Chalcopyrite CuInS2-Based Semiconductor Nanocrystals Synthesized in a Colloidal System (2006)

Chalcopyrite-type CuInS2-based alloyed fluorescent nanocrystals (NCs), which contain no regulated heavy metal ions, were synthesized by heating an organometallic solution to demonstrate optical property tunability. Introduction of Zn into the CuInS2 system enhanced their photoluminescence (PL) intensity. The resultant particles were 3−6 nm; they varied with experimental conditions and were discrete and colloidally stable. The band-gap energy and PL wavelength of Zn-Cu-In-S (ZCIS) NCs varied with Zn content and particle size. Their PL was controllable within 570−800 nm by altering the band-gap energy. Furthermore, indium substitution with gallium was shown to control band-gap energy toward ∼3.1 eV, 500 nm of PL wavelength. In addition, ZnS coating of this nanocrystal can approximately double the PL strength. Finally, surface treatment with mercaptoundecanoic acid dispersed hydrophilic ZCIS NCs into water.
Prednisolone induces apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells through the intrinsic pathway (2017)

Glucocorticoid eye drops are one of the most widely used medications in ophthalmology. However, little is known about the effects of glucocorticoids on corneal epithelial cells that are directly exposed to topically-administered glucocorticoids. Here we investigated the effects of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid analogue frequently used in the clinic, on corneal epithelial cells. Results showed that prednisolone decreased survival of corneal epithelial cells by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), cleaved caspase-3, and -9 were increased by prednisolone. The effects of prednisolone on apoptosis and mtROS were blocked 1) by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU-38486, 2) in cells with GR siRNA knockdown, and 3) by treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Transcript levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in corneal epithelial cells upon hyperosmolar stress, but repressed by prednisolone. In NOD.B10.H2<sup>b</sup> mice, topical administration of 1% prednisolone increased apoptotic cells in the corneal epithelium. Together, data indicate that prednisolone induces apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells through GR and the intrinsic pathway involving mtROS, caspase-9, and -3. The pro-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids along with their anti-inflammatory effects should be considered when glucocorticoid eye drops are used in patients with ocular surface disease.
Transvenous coil embolization of a Cognard V transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (2023)

Dural arteriovenous fistulas with drainage into the spinal veins, classified as Cognard type 5, can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Brainstem and cervical spinal cord signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging result from venous congestion, and can mimic tumor, infection, or inflammation.<sup>1-3</sup> Transarterial and transvenous embolization techniques can be used to treat dural arteriovenous fistulas endovascularly. Efficacious transvenous treatment relies on the ability to safely catheterize the draining vein at the dural arteriovenous fistula site. Transvenous access options may seem limited in the setting of occluded venous sinuses. This case highlights the technical aspects of the transvenous approach to embolization of a transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula within an isolated sinus,<sup>4,5</sup> demonstrating traversal of the occluded venous sinus from a contralateral approach.<sup>6,7</sup>[Media: see text].
A deep sub-V, single power-supply SRAM cell with multi-V/sub T/, boosted storage node and dynamic load (2002)

The key issues in ultralow voltage SRAM design are a reduction in power supply voltage to a solar-cell voltage of 0.5V or less, single supply operation, and an increase in the cell voltage-margin. However, these problems remain largely unsolved. Even in most advanced cells an unavoidably high FET threshold voltage (V/sub T/) of the cell compared with the low stored node-voltage of supply restricts the supply to around 1V, although 0.5 V operation has been reported with no cell margin. Moreover, the negative pull down of the cell source line prevents single supply operation, since an on-chip negative voltage generator comprising charge pumping circuits never manages a heavy data-line capacitance. This paper describes an innovative circuit for overcoming these problems, demonstrating the feasibility of a single 0.3 V, 50 MHz, 0.25 /spl mu/m 8Kb SRAM. A multi-V/sub T/ cell, a boosted cell storage-node and a dynamic cell load contribute to the outstanding performance.
Identification of the glucagon receptor in rat liver membranes by photoaffinity crosslinking (1981)

The photoaffinity crosslinker hydroxysuccinimidyl-p-azidobenzoate was used to attach (125)I-labeled glucagon covalently to a rat liver membrane protein of M(r) approximately 53,000. Membranes that had been incubated with (125)I-labeled glucagon were treated in the dark with hydroxysuccinimidyl-p-azidobenzoate, and a covalent complex was then formed by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Characteristics of (125)I-labeled glucagon binding and covalent attachment to the M(r) 53,000 peptide were consistent with this peptide being a component of the glucagon receptor involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1]. Binding and covalent attachment of (125)I-labeled glucagon to the M(r) 53,000 peptide were inhibited by glucagon concentrations that were within the dose-response curve for adenylate cyclase activation, and GTP specifically decreased the photoaffinity crosslinking of (125)I-labeled glucagon to the M(r) 53,000 peptides. Insulin did not compete for the photoaffinity crosslinking of (125)I-labeled glucagon. The same technique of photoaffinity crosslinking that covalently attached (125)I-labeled glucagon to the M(r) 53,000 peptide with an efficiency of 1-2% can be used to attach (125)I-labeled insulin covalently to a M(r) 125,000 peptide with an efficiency of approximately 10%. This peptide has been shown to be a subunit of the high-affinity insulin-binding site in rat liver membranes. The technique of photoaffinity crosslinking with agents like hydroxysuccinimidyl-p-azidobenzoate provides a rapid, simple method of covalently attaching ligands to their putative receptors. Photoaffinity crosslinking does not require chemical modification of the labeled ligand and has a less stringent requirement for specific reactive groups than the commonly used bifunctional crosslinking reagents.
Type-II ZnO nanorod–SnO2 nanoparticle heterostructures: characterization of structural, optical and photocatalytic properties (2013)

In this work we report, for the first time, on the preparation of ZnO nanorod-SnO2 nanoparticle (ZnO NR-SnO2 NP) heterostructures by a simple two-step thermal evaporation approach. Systematical characterization of the product reveals that the rutile SnO2 NPs, with a diameter of about 20 nm, are uniformly and tightly decorated on the entire ZnO NRs. Photoluminescence (PL) investigation on the ZnO NR-SnO2 NP heterostructures shows that they exhibit a significantly decreased UV emission compared with the bare ZnO NRs, revealing an efficient charge separation arising from the type-II band alignment. Enlightened by this merit, photocatalytic behavior of the synthesized heterostructures is studied, which shows a remarkably enhanced photodegradation performance of rhodamine B (RhB) in contrast to the pure ZnO NRs. We also carry out the stability test of the ZnO NR-SnO2 NP heterostructures and the result indicates an extremely high adhesion nature between the ZnO NR and the coated SnO2 NPs. This advantage endowed with the thermal evaporation approach can lead to an efficient spatial charge separation between the ZnO NR and the SnO2 NPs and thus effectively minimize the charge recombination along three-dimensional heterointerfaces, which makes such ZnO NR-SnO2 NP architectures highly promising for a wide range of photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
Thermotolerance of pulp cells and phagocytosis of apoptotic pulp cells by surviving pulp cells following heat stress (2004)

Apoptosis is known to be associated with wound healing and regeneration of dental pulp. We examined the effects of heat stress on clonal dental pulp cell line (RPC-C2A cells) to clarify the pulp wound healing process. RPC-C2A cells were exposed to heat stress at 43 degrees C for 45 min. After several time intervals, the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis induction were analyzed by cell viability assay, DNA gel electrophoresis, nuclear staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated labeling assay. RPC-C2A cells showed the thermotolerance following heat stress. We found that apoptosis was induced in some RPC-C2A cells, whereas others remained alive, and observed the engulfment of apoptotic cells by scavenger-like RPC-C2A cells following heat stress. We also analyzed the phagocytotic activity of RPC-C2A cells and found that they had an ability to engulf apoptotic RPC-C2A cells, which was stimulated by heat stress. These results suggest that heat stress induces apoptosis of RPC-C2A cells, which are phagocytosed by the surviving RPC-C2A cells.
An integrated micro-optical system for laser-to-fiber active alignment (2003)

We report a new micro-optical system for laser-to-fiber active alignment. An integrated microsystem platform, which has a thermally-actuated micromirror, a silicon etched v-groove and flip-chip bonding pads, is successfully fabricated and actuated for beam adjustment from a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) to a fiber. The micromirror has 4.0 degree maximum beam steering angle with the resolution of 0.08 degree/mA. With the steering angle reaching 2.5 degrees, the coupling efficiency improves to 80 % from 9% initial efficiency.
Metastatic Tumor Cell Behavior In Situ (1997)

Abstract : Metastasis is the leading cause of the death in cancer patients. Cell motility is believed to be a necessary step in the metastatic process. Currently, most methods available to study the behavior of metastatic tumor cells are indirect, e.g., cell motility is examined in vitro and the results are correlated with metastatic capability. We have developed a model that directly examines the motility of metastatic primary tumor cells in situ. A metastatic rat breast cancer cell line was established that constitutively expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Upon subcutaneous injection of these cells into the mammary fat pad of female Fischer 344 rats, primary tumors and subsequent metastases form that fluoresce when excited with light passed through an FITC filter set. Animations of metastatic tumor cells moving in live rats were generated by intravital imaging of the primary tumor, in situ, on a laser scanning confocal microscope. With this model, the behavioral phenotype of tumor cells can be described and the effects of genetic manipulations or therapeutic treatments on this phenotype can be determined. This is the first report of visualization of cells in a primary tumor in live animals in a clinically relevant model.
Interaction of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans outer membrane vesicles with HL60 cells does not require leukotoxin (2003)

Outer membrane derived vesicles (MVs) secreted by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans JP2 contain a membranolytic leukotoxin and are toxic to human HL60 cells. To determine how MVs interact with human target cells, HL60 cells were incubated with vesicles, reacted with anti-vesicle antibodies and a FITC-labelled reporter, and visualized by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Target cells rapidly became reactive with anti-vesicle antibodies upon exposure to vesicles. Confocal microscopy showed that labelling occurred primarily in the cytoplasmic membrane and that very little internal fluorescence was observed. The cytoplasmic membrane of HL60 cells was also strongly labelled after exposure to MVs that contained the fluorescent phospholipid, SP-DiOC18. In contrast, incubation of cells with free SP-DiOC18 resulted primarily in the labelling of internal structures of HL60 cells. These results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans MVs associate with, or are incorporated into the cytoplasmic membrane of HL60 cells. The leukotoxin is a membranolytic cytotoxin and cells exposed to MVs were lysed by vesicle-associated toxin in a time and dose-dependent manner. However, cells became reactive with anti-vesicle antibodies when MVs were added in the presence of inhibitors of leukotoxin-mediated lysis or when sublytic doses of MVs were analysed. In addition, MVs produced by an isogenic leukotoxin-deficient strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 were non-toxic but rapidly interacted with HL60 cells. These results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans MVs can deliver leukotoxin to HL60 cells but that the association of vesicles with the cytoplasmic membrane occurs independently of the leukotoxin polypeptide.
Cr3+Fluorescence in Garnets and Other Crystals (1965)

The results of a study of the sharp-line fluorescence of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ in a number of crystals is presented. The host crystals were several diamagnetic garnets, a spinel, and emerald. The results are used to discuss two aspects of the sharp-line energy levels. First, some of the dynamical aspects are considered. The measurements of the temperature dependence of the sharp no-phonon $R$-line positions, linewidths, and efficiencies are in reasonable agreement with the existing theory. The theory assumes a simple form for the interaction of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ energy levels with the phonons and uses a Debye density of states. The phonon-assisted radiation is also discussed. Second, some of the static aspects of the energy levels are considered. The splittings between the no-phonon $R$ lines along with splittings of the ground states of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ in the same crystals are compared with the predictions of existing theories. Here the agreement is very poor. The experimental data show the difference between the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ energy levels, when odd terms in addition to usual even crystal-field terms exist. The data also indicate some large nonlinearities between the energy-level splittings and the crystal field.
Collecting up to 115% of Singlet-Fission Products by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2020)

In this contribution, we focused on integrating a phenylene-bridged dibenzodiazahexacene dimer (<i>o</i>-DAD), which is singlet fission (SF) active, onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a low-energy sink for energetically low lying excited states that stem from SF. Spectroscopic and microscopic assays assisted in documenting that SWCNT/<i>o</i>-DAD feature high stability in THF as a result of electronic interactions between the individual constituents. For example, statistical Raman analysis underlined n-doping of SWCNTs in the presence of <i>o</i>-DAD. Fluorescence spectroscopy prompted an energy transfer between the individual constituents, a conclusion that was exclusively derived from the quenching of the <i>o</i>-DAD-centered fluorescence. Excitation spectroscopy with a focus on the SWCNT fluorescence confirmed independently this conclusion by showing <i>o</i>-DAD-centered features. Our work was rounded off by time-resolved transient absorption measurements with SWCNT/<i>o</i>-DAD, in which evidence was gathered for the sequential <i>o</i>-DAD-centered SF with an efficiency of 112% followed by a unidirectional energy transfer from <i>o</i>-DAD to SWCNT and a rapid deactivation. The energy transfer efficiency from SF products such as (S<sub>1</sub>S<sub>0</sub>)<sub>CT</sub> and <sup>1</sup>(T<sub>1</sub>T<sub>1</sub>) exceeded the 100% threshold with values of 115%, which is conventionally found in energy transfer schemes.
A faster digitizer system for the Hadron Blind Detector in PHENIX (2007)

A Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) has been installed in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). A 2300 channel compact 12-bit 60 MHz digitizer system has been built to read the HBD system. The raw signals are shaped with 70 ns rise time and are directly digitized. The time and charge of the raw signals can be calculated from the multiple samples. The system is designed to handle Level 1 (L1) trigger rates up to 25 KHz with 5 L1 event buffers. Large amounts of data are generated after the ADC. Issues regarding clock distribution, data handling, event buffers, and L1 trigger primitive generations have been addressed. The overall system performance will also be discussed.
Phase-insensitive, single wavelength, all-opticaltransistor based on second order nonlinearities (1996)

The authors describe how the phase-sensitivity problem of optical transistors based on second order nonlinearities may be avoided using two type II SHG crystals. The first crystal couples the mutually incoherent signal and pump, and the second crystal amplifies this signal. All inputs and outputs may be at the same wavelength.
Adaptive stabilization forQ-compensated reverse time migration (2017)

Reverse time migration (RTM) for attenuating media should take amplitude compensation and phase correction into consideration. However, attenuation compensation during seismic propagation suffers from numerical instability because of the boosted high-frequency ambient noise. We have developed a novel adaptive stabilization method for [Formula: see text]-compensated RTM ([Formula: see text]-RTM), which exhibits superior properties of time variance and [Formula: see text] dependence over conventional low-pass filtering-based method. We derive the stabilization operator by first analytically deriving [Formula: see text]-space Green’s functions for a constant-[Formula: see text] wave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacians and its compensated equation. The time propagator of Green’s function for the viscoacoustic wave equation decreases exponentially, whereas that of the compensated equation is exponentially divergent at a high wavenumber, and it is not stable after the wave is extrapolated for a long time. Therefore, the Green’s functions theoretically explain how the numerical instability existing in [Formula: see text]-RTM arises and shed light on how to overcome this problem pertinently. The stabilization factor required in the proposed method can be explicitly identified by the specified gain limit according to an empirical formula. The [Formula: see text]-RTM results for noise-free data using low-pass filtering and adaptive stabilization are compared over a simple five-layer model and the BP gas chimney model to verify the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of fidelity and stability. The [Formula: see text]-RTM result for noisy data from the BP gas chimney model further demonstrates that our method enjoys a better antinoise performance and helps significantly to enhance the resolution of seismic images.
Unstructured Biology of Proteins from Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: Roles in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2020)

The 26S proteasome is a large (~2.5 MDa) protein complex consisting of at least 33 different subunits and many other components, which form the ubiquitin proteasomal system (UPS), an ATP-dependent protein degradation system in the cell. UPS serves as an essential component of the cellular protein surveillance machinery, and its dysfunction leads to cancer, neurodegenerative and immunological disorders. Importantly, the functions and regulations of proteins are governed by the combination of ordered regions, intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) and molecular recognition features (MoRFs). The structure-function relationships of UPS components have not been identified completely; therefore, in this study, we have carried out the functional intrinsic disorder and MoRF analysis for potential neurodegenerative disease and anti-cancer targets of this pathway. Our report represents the presence of significant intrinsic disorder and disorder-based binding regions in several UPS proteins, such as extraproteasomal polyubiquitin receptors (UBQLN1 and UBQLN2), proteasome-associated polyubiquitin receptors (ADRM1 and PSMD4), deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) (ATXN3 and USP14), and ubiquitinating enzymes (E2 (UBE2R2) and E3 (STUB1) enzyme). We believe this study will have implications for the conformation-specific roles of different regions of these proteins. This will lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of UPS-associated diseases.