gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from lake water (1976)

The question of the importance of aquatic borne Klebsiella pneumoniae to public health has been argued as the organism has appeared often in both polluted effluents and oligotrophic systems. Using a selective medium, double violet agar, which also differentiates K. pneumoniae from other organisms found in aquatic systems, we sampled water from three ponds and a large man-made lake, over a 3-month period. Results indicate that K. pneumoniae can be isolated consistently and in high numbers from eutrophic waters even when environmental stress reduces total numbers, but that isolations from cleaner waters are erratic. We conclude that mere isolation of the organism as an occasional contaminant probably does not present a hazard to public health.
Hydrocarbons from kraft pulp pre-hydrolysis liquors in two steps using heterogeneous catalysis (2023)

Valorizing industrial side streams that are currently burnt to a low value is important to make biorefining more sustainable.
Dislocation Networks Formed by Silicon Wafer Direct Bonding (2008)

The paper reviews methods of hydrophobic wafer bonding. Hydrophobic surfaces are obtained by removing the oxide layer from the surfaces of crystalline silicon substrates. Bonding such surfaces causes the formation of a dislocation network in the interface. The structure of the dislocation network depends only on the misalignment (twist and tilt components). The different dislocation structures are discussed. Because wafer bonding offers a method to the reproducible formation of such networks, different applications are possible
Multilevel data hiding for embedding reversibility upon improving histogram shifting (2010)

This paper presents a multilevel reversible data hiding method based on histogram shifting which can recover the original image in lossless way after the hidden data has been extracted from the stego image. The method generates a residual image using the prediction method to explore the similarity of neighboring and residual image, which comes from the difference between central pixel and its neighboring pixels, is used to hide the information. We also apply an improved histogram shifting method to select two peak points for achieving high embedding capacity. Our experimental results and analytical reasoning shows that the proposed scheme has higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and high data embedding capacity than that of other reversible data hiding methods presented in the literature. Even in the case of multiple levels embedding the PSNR remains in the perceptible range of human vision.
The Nucleotide-Binding Domain and Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein–3 Inflammasome Is Not Activated in Airway Smooth Muscle Upon Toll-Like Receptor–2 Ligation (2013)

Inflammasomes have emerged as playing key roles in inflammation and innate immunity. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is important in chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflammasome activation results, in part, in pro-IL-1β processing and the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Because asthma exacerbations are associated with elevated concentrations of secreted IL-1β, we addressed whether the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated under in vitro conditions that mimic infectious exacerbations in asthma. Primary cultures of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells were treated with infectious stimuli (mimicked using the Toll-like receptor-2 agonist Pam3CSK4, a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide). Whereas Pam3CSK4 robustly up-regulated ASM cytokine expression in response to TNF-α and significantly enhanced IL-1β mRNA expression, we were unable to detect IL-1β in the cell supernatants. Thus, IL-1β was not secreted and therefore was unable to act in an autocrine manner to promote the amplification of ASM inflammatory responses. Moreover, Toll-like receptor-2 ligation did not enhance NLRP3 or caspase-1 expression in ASM cells, and NLRP3 and caspase-1 protein were not present in the ASM layer of tracheal sections from human donors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the enhanced synthetic function of ASM cells, induced by infectious exacerbations of airway inflammation, is NLRP3 inflammasome-independent and IL-1β-independent. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by invading pathogens may prove cell type-specific in exacerbations of airway inflammation in asthma.
Genetic Mapping of Fixed Phenotypes: Disease Frequency as a Breed Characteristic (2009)

Traits that have been stringently selected to conform to specific criteria in a closed population are phenotypic stereotypes. In dogs, Canis familiaris, such stereotypes have been produced by breeding for conformation, performance (behaviors), etc. We measured phenotypes on a representative sample to establish breed stereotypes. DNA samples from 147 dog breeds were used to characterize single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequencies for association mapping of breed stereotypes. We identified significant size loci (quantitative trait loci [QTLs]), implicating candidate genes appropriate to regulation of size (e.g., IGF1, IGF2BP2 SMAD2, etc.). Analysis of other morphological stereotypes, also under extreme selection, identified many additional significant loci. Behavioral loci for herding, pointing, and boldness implicated candidate genes appropriate to behavior (e.g., MC2R, DRD1, and PCDH9). Significant loci for longevity, a breed characteristic inversely correlated with breed size, were identified. The power of this approach to identify loci regulating the incidence of specific polygenic diseases is demonstrated by the association of a specific IGF1 haplotype with hip dysplasia, patella luxation, and pancreatitis.
A fast and scalable FPGA damage diagnostic service for R3TOS using BIST cloning technique (2014)

This paper presents a new technique to be used in the context of reconfigurable computing to accelerate the online diagnosis of permanent damage on Xilinx FPGAs using Built-In Self Tests (BISTs). Detecting and locating permanently damaged resources with precision is central to keep the system implemented on the FPGA flawless at all times; i.e. upcoming hardware tasks are mapped to available functional resources, circumventing the use of the damaged ones. The proposed diagnostic technique exploits the Multiple Frame Write (MFW) feature available in Xilinx FPGAs to “clone” (i.e. replicate) a single basic BIST circuit along arbitrarily sized and shaped areas on the FPGA without incurring large time overheads. Hence, the proposed technique allows for creating at runtime on-demand tailored BIST circuits to satisfy any diagnosis requirements that may rise up. Moreover, the proposed solution allows for saving memory in the system as it only requires storing basic BIST circuits. Finally, the paper presents a diagnostic service for a Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System (R3TOS) that is based on the BIST cloning technique and works in cooperation with the R3TOS fault-handling and recovery mechanisms.
Distributed amplifiers as duplexer/low crosstalk bidirectional elements in S-band (1988)

Research into a novel class of distributed amplifiers which have a high isolation bandstop response in the reverse gain direction is described. These devices may be used as duplexer/circulator or bidirectional amplifier elements which, for many applications, can perform the function of ferrite isolator and circulator elements. The paper details the design of such an amplifier, working in the S-band, and gives measured test data.
Dimethyl fumarate stimulates cyclic AMP production and suppresses production of pro-inflammatory mediators in immune cells (P5143) (2013)

Abstract Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage and loss of oligodendrocytes. Current FDA approved therapies are only partially effective, have side-effects and are costly. Thus, there is a need for development of novel treatment alternatives for MS. Of interest is the investigational drug BG-12, also known as dimethyl fumarate (DMF). A phase III clinical trial showed that treatment with BG-12 reduced the annual relapse rate by 53% and decreased disability by 38%. Additionally, BG-12 reduced the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions by 90%. However, the mechanisms of action of BG-12 are not fully understood. BG-12 is an activator of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) transcriptional pathway. To determine if BG-12 is able to activate other signaling cascades, we treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with DMF. We discovered that DMF stimulates cAMP production by approximately 3.5 after 1 minute treatment in vitro. DMF also suppresses the production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-17, regulated and normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in these cells. Furthermore, inhibitor studies indicate that adenylyl cyclases mediate DMF induced cAMP production. These novel findings suggest that DMF may inhibit immune cell function via the cAMP signaling pathway and has implications for MS therapy.
Signing a Linear Subspace: Signature Schemes for Network Coding. (2008)

Abstract. Network coding offers increased throughput and improved robustness to random faults in completely decentralized networks. In contrast to traditional routing schemes, however, network coding requires intermediate nodes to modify data packets en route; for this reason, standard signature schemes are inapplicable and it is a challenge to provide resilience to tampering by malicious nodes. Here, we propose two signature schemes that can be used in conjunction with network coding to prevent malicious modification of data. In particular, our schemes can be viewed as signing linear subspaces in the sense that a signature σ on V authenticates exactly those vectors in V. Our first scheme is homomorphic and has better performance, with both public key size and per-packet overhead being constant. Our second scheme does not rely on random oracles and uses weaker assumptions. We also prove a lower bound on the length of signatures for linear subspaces showing that both of our schemes are essentially optimal in this regard. 1
Figure S4 from <i>CDKN2A/p16</i> Deletion in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Is Associated with CDK2 Activation, Replication Stress, and Vulnerability to CHK1 Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains data showing relationship between cdk2 activity and Chk1 inhibition in hypersensitive UMSCC1-mVenus and least sensitive HN31-mVenus cells. This file is linked to main figure 5.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Citicoline on Functional and Cognitive Status Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00545662.
Circulating non‑coding RNA‑biomarker potential in neoadjuvant chemotherapy of triple negative breast cancer? (2019)

Due to the positive association between neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and the promising early response rates of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), including probabilities of pathological complete response, NACT is increasingly used in TNBC management. Liquid biopsy‑based biomarkers with the power to diagnose the early response to NACT may support established monitoring tools, which are to a certain extent imprecise and costly. Simple serum‑ or urine‑based analyses of non‑coding RNA (ncRNA) expression may allow for fast, minimally‑invasive testing and timely adjustment of the therapy regimen. The present study investigated breast cancer‑related ncRNAs [microRNA (miR)‑7, ‑9, ‑15a, ‑17, ‑18a, ‑19b, ‑21, ‑30b, ‑222 and ‑320c, PIWI‑interacting RNA‑36743 and GlyCCC2] in triple positive BT‑474 cells and three TNBC cell lines (BT‑20, HS‑578T and MDA‑MB‑231) treated with various chemotherapeutic agents using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Intracellular and secreted microvesicular ncRNA expression levels were analysed using a multivariable statistical regression analysis. Chemotherapy‑driven effects were investigated by analysing cell cycle determinants at the mRNA and protein levels. Serum and urine specimens from 8 patients with TNBC were compared with 10 healthy females using two‑sample t‑tests. Samples from the patients with TNBC were compared at two time points. Chemotherapeutic treatments induced distinct changes in ncRNA expression in TNBC cell lines and the BT‑474 cell line in intra‑ and extracellular compartments. Serum and urine‑based ncRNA expression analysis was able to discriminate between patients with TNBC and controls. Time point comparisons in the urine samples of patients with TNBC revealed a general rise in the level of ncRNA. Serum data suggested a potential association between piR‑36743, miR‑17, ‑19b and ‑30b expression levels and an NACT‑driven complete clinical response. The present study highlighted the potential of ncRNAs as liquid biopsy‑based biomarkers in TNBC chemotherapy treatment. The ncRNAs tested in the present study have been previously investigated for their involvement in BC or TNBC chemotherapy responses; however, these previous studies were restricted to patient tissue or in vitro models. The data from the present study offer novel insight into ncRNA expression in liquid samples from patients with TNBC, and the study serves as an initial step in the evaluation of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in the monitoring of TNBC therapy.
High-Power Pulse Semiconductor Laser-Thyristor Emitting at 900-nm Wavelength (2013)

High-power pulse semiconductor lasers based on epitaxially integrated thyristor heterostructures were developed. The possibility of generating high-power laser light pulses with duration on the order of 100 ns at control signal amplitude on the order of 40–100 mA at extremely low turn-on thyristor voltage of 10 V was demonstrated. The values reached for the peak pulse optical power and peak pulse current were 28 W and 37 A, respectively.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Children (1997)

Splenectomy is often indicated for a variety of hematologic disorders. We sought to assess the feasibility of a laparoscopic approach to splenectomy in children and to compare this technique to the standard open approach. Twelve patients, ages 3 to 11 years, underwent an attempted laparoscopic splenectomy during the past 2 years. The indications for splenectomy included sickle cell anemia (6), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (4), and B-thalassemia (BT) (2). Ten (83%) splenectomies were completed laparoscopically. Data were also collected for nine open splenectomies performed during the previous year. The mean operative time for the laparoscopic procedures was 150 min as compared to 91 min for the open procedures. The last five laparoscopic procedures were performed in a mean time of 122 min, however. The length of postoperative stay ranged from 2 to 9 days (mean = 4.6 days) for the laparoscopic procedures and from 4 to 9 days (mean = 6.2 days) for the open procedures. Patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy for BT or ITP had a mean postoperative stay of 3.5 days. No significant intra- or postoperative complications occurred with either approach. From this experience we conclude that although an advanced procedure, laparoscopic splenectomy can be successfully accomplished in children. The benefits of the laparoscopic approach include improved cosmesis and a shorter length of stay, although patients with certain underlying diseases may be more amenable to early discharge than others.
Applications of Vinylogous Mannich Reactions. Asymmetric Synthesis of the Heteroyohimboid Alkaloids (-)-Ajmalicine, (+)-19-epi-Ajmalicine, and (-)-Tetrahydroalstonine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of Vinylogous Mannich Reactions. Asymmetric Synthesis of the Heteroyohimboid Alkaloids (-)-Ajmalicine, (+)-19-epi-Ajmalicine, and (-)-TetrahydroalstonineStephen F. Martin, Cameron W. Clark, and Jeffrey W. CorbettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 10, 3236–3242Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00115a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00115a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1049Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Improving Academic Performance Through Blended Learning: The Case of Afghan Higher Education (2021)

The last two decades have witnessed a global revolution in educational information that has led to the development and promotion of e-learning. Blended Learning (BL) is an increasingly growing e-learning model with a background in pedagogical and psychological theory that combines both online and traditional activities. In recent years, it has been an emerging trend and has impacted the growth, revenue, learner retention, and academic accreditation in higher education. With current improvements, extensive research, and successful implementation of blended and fully online learning, little research has been done to report the success of transitioning from face-to-face to blended learning or evaluations of e-learning data regarding learners from developing nations, particularly Afghanistan. This study aims to investigate and analyze the effectiveness of educational types (blended vs. traditional) regarding learners’ academic performance, in-class engagement, and satisfaction from the data in six BL courses and four traditional learning (TL) courses. To measure the success, this study used descriptive statistics. Additionally, Welch’s t-test was used to compare BL with TL courses and assess the differences between success and failure levels for both courses. Likewise, the Pearson correlation coefficient, along with an ordinary least square regression, was used to indicate the relationship between the final score and the BL and TL activities, respectively. The study outcome will be used for reporting and feedback for educational parties to value the quality of teaching and learning, enhance learners’ performances, and for the institutionalization of BL in the country.
Genetics of multidrug resistance. (1988)

Despite major advances in the treatment of cancer, resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents remains a major cause of treatment failure. Some tumors are initially resistant to many of the most active antineoplastic agents. Other tumors that are initially sensitive to cytotoxic agents often recur and fre- quently develop resistance to a broad range ofchemotherapeutic agents including those used during the initial therapy. Both the intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents have been inherently difficult to study in the clinical setting. However, drug-resistant cell lines have provided a tool for studying the mechanisms underlying resistance to the drugs used in chemotherapy. Although drug-resistant cell lines are usually derived by selection for resistance to a single cyto- toxic agent, they often develop cross-resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated com- pounds. This phenomenon has been termed multidrug resis- tance. Recently, an understanding of the biological basis of multidrug resistance has begun to emerge through the applica- tion of molecular genetics. This approach has led to the iden- tification, isolation, and characterization of a gene family whose members include genes with the capacity to confer multidrug resistance on otherwise drug-sensitive cells. Molecu- lar probes and antibodies developed as a consequence of genetic analysis promise a new and precise level of understand- ing of the role of this gene family in human physiology and tumor biology. This knowledge will in turn be crucial for the development of strategies for circumventing multidrug resis- tance in the clinical setting.
Receptor tyrosine phosphatase R-PTP-κ mediates homophilic binding (1994)

Receptor tyrosine phosphatases (R-PTPases) feature PTPase domains in the context of a receptor-like transmembrane topology. The R-PTPase R-PTP-kappa displays an extracellular domain composed of fibronectin type III motifs, a single immunoglobulin domain, as well as a recently defined MAM domain (Y.-P. Jiang, H. Wang, P. D'Eustachio, J.M. Musacchio, J. Schlessinger, and J. Sap, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2942-2951, 1993). We report here that R-PTP-kappa can mediate homophilic intercellular interaction. Inducible expression of the R-PTP-kappa protein in heterologous cells results in formation of stable cellular aggregates strictly consisting of R-PTP-kappa-expressing cells. Moreover, the purified extracellular domain of R-PTP-kappa functions as a substrate for adhesion by cells expressing R-PTP-kappa and induces aggregation of coated synthetic beads. R-PTP-kappa-mediated intercellular adhesion does not require PTPase activity or posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of the R-PTP-kappa protein and is calcium independent. The results suggest that R-PTPases may provide a link between cell-cell contact and cellular signaling events involving tyrosine phosphorylation.
Defeating Antibiotic- and Phage-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Using a Phage Cocktail in Vitro and in a Clot Model (2018)

The deteriorating effectiveness of antibiotics is propelling researchers worldwide towards alternative techniques such as phage therapy: curing infectious diseases using viruses of bacteria called bacteriophages. In a previous paper, we isolated phage EFDG1, highly effective against both planktonic and biofilm cultures of one of the most challenging pathogenic species, the vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> (VRE). Thus, it is a promising phage to be used in phage therapy. Further experimentation revealed the emergence of a mutant resistant to EFDG1 phage: EFDG1<sup>r</sup>. This kind of spontaneous resistance to antibiotics would be disastrous occurrence, however for phage-therapy it is only a minor hindrance. We quickly and successfully isolated a new phage, EFLK1, which proved effective against both the resistant mutant EFDG1<sup>r</sup> and its parental VRE, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> V583. Furthermore, combining both phages in a cocktail produced an additive effect against <i>E. faecalis</i> V583 strains regardless of their antibiotic or phage-resistance profile. An analysis of the differences in genome sequence, genes, mutations, and <i>tRNA</i> content of both phages is presented. This work is a proof-of-concept of one of the most significant advantages of phage therapy, namely the ability to easily overcome emerging resistant bacteria.