gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crosslinked Polymeric Gels as Loss Circulation Materials: An Experimental Study (2016)

Abstract In an oil/gas well drilling operation, loss circulation of the drilling fluid in a thief zone is a major problem without a unique solution. This problem is mitigated by using Loss Circulation Materials (LCM). One method to counter this problem could be the use of gel forming polymer systems; that would gel and seal the undesired zones and prevent losses. In this work interaction of a commercial grade hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and a HPAM derivative with polyethleneimine (PEI) was studied, for the possible use of these polymeric systems as a loss preventive and sealing agent. These studies involved the identification of the optimum polymer/crosslinker concentration followed by their thermal stability testing. Dynamic rheology tests were conducted on the systems in order to examine their pre and post-gelation behavior. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the gelation kinetics of the systems. Selected systems were then tested on a see through flow system to observe their performance in a porous media. It was observed that attaining an optimum polymer/crosslinker identification is an essential first step towards attaining a rigid and stable gel. At optimum concentrations stable gels were obtained. Gel strengths were greatly enhanced by increasing temperature and aging time. This was reflected in both the rheology and the DSC tests. The DSC experiments provided great insight into the gelation mechanics of the polymeric LCM systems. For the best two systems, 100% solution to gel conversion was attained in nearly three and a half hours of total ageing time at 100°C isothermal condition. The same gelants when tested on the see-through flow setup were able to successfully prevent mud loss in a zone having 36% porosity and 300 D permeability at room temperature and moderately high pressure conditions. This paper will build on and substantiate the idea of utilizing cross-linked polymer gels as LCM. It will introduce the findings of a self-fabricated see through experimental setup that related the cross-linked polymeric LCM's behavior with differential pressure, in a porous media.
Evoked potential elicited by periaqueductal grey stimulation in the pressor sites of dorsal and ventrolateral medulla in cats. (1995)

Evoked potential methods were used to compare the patterns of responses to periaqueductal grey (PAG) stimulation in two major medullary sympathoexcitatory areas, namely, ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and dorsal medulla (DM). Adult cats were anesthestized with chloralose and urethane, paralyzed, ventilated and bilaterally vagotomized. Pressor points in the PAG were identified with rectangular pulses in 80 Hz, 200 microA, 0.1 ms and used as stimulation points. Pressor points in VLM and DM were identified by injection of 100 nl of 0.25 M glutamate solution. Adjacent points 1 mm away from these pressor points where injected the same amount of glutamate solution elicited very little blood pressure changes were used as control recording points. Stimulation of the PAG pressor points with rectangular pulse in 1 Hz, 0.1 ms, 200 microA elicited complex evoked field potentials in both VLM and DM. In 9 of the 13 pressor-control pairs tested, distinctive evoked potential of long latency were seen in the pressor point only. These evoked potentials, averaged 3.5 ms in the DM, and 5.6 ms in the VLM. Therefore, it was postulated that pressor points of PAG had separate and independent connections with DM and VLM.
Memory Improvement by Yokukansankachimpihange and Atractylenolide III in the Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice (2016)

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) shows cognitive dysfunction as core symptoms and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Since acetylcholine nerve system derived from septum is collapsed in the AD patients, we have used Olfactory Bulbectomized (OBX) mice whose cholinergic system is largely impaired in the septum. Recently, Yokukansankachimpihange (YKH), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine has used for BPSD in addition to improve cognitive dysfunction in AD patients. However the essential components for cognition and BPSD improvement and their mechanism are largely unknown. In present study, we found that Atractylenolide III (Aen-III), one of the components of YKH, improved cognitive deficits and depression in the OBX mice. OBX mice were orally administered with Aen-III (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and YKH extracts daily for 18 days. Like YKH extracts, the Aen-III treatments ameliorated cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior observed in OBX mice. Importantly, Aen-III administration significantly restored the decreases in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). The restoration of CaMKII and CaMKIV signaling is closely related to the increased BDNF levels. Furthermore, ATP reduction in OBX mice was rescued by Aen-III (3.0 mg/kg) and YKH (1000 mg/kg) treatment. In summary, Aen-III as a component of YKH ameliorates cognitive dysfunctions and depression via restoring CaMKII and CaMKIV signaling.
The GTPase Activity of Murine Guanylate-binding Protein 2 (mGBP2) Controls the Intracellular Localization and Recruitment to the Parasitophorous Vacuole of Toxoplasma gondii (2012)

One of the most abundantly IFN-γ-induced protein families in different cell types is the 65-kDa guanylate-binding protein family that is recruited to the parasitophorous vacuole of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Here, we elucidate the relationship between biochemistry and cellular host defense functions of mGBP2 in response to Toxoplasma gondii. The wild type protein exhibits low affinities to guanine nucleotides, self-assembles upon GTP binding, forming tetramers in the activated state, and stimulates the GTPase activity in a cooperative manner. The products of the two consecutive hydrolysis reactions are both GDP and GMP. The biochemical characterization of point mutants in the GTP-binding motifs of mGBP2 revealed amino acid residues that decrease the GTPase activity by orders of magnitude and strongly impair nucleotide binding and multimerization ability. Live cell imaging employing multiparameter fluorescence image spectroscopy (MFIS) using a Homo-FRET assay shows that the inducible multimerization of mGBP2 is dependent on a functional GTPase domain. The consistent results indicate that GTP binding, self-assembly, and stimulated hydrolysis activity are required for physiological localization of the protein in infected and uninfected cells. Ultimately, we show that the GTPase domain regulates efficient recruitment to T. gondii in response to IFN-γ.
The acute phase response in gout. (1987)

We studied the acute phase response in gout. Oral temperature, white blood cell count and differential, platelet count, Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum levels of the acute phase reactants serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all elevated. The number of involved joints correlated with levels of ESR, SAA and CRP. CRP correlated with temperature, differential count, ESR and SAA. The acute phase response resolved rapidly with treatment.
Inhibitory Effects of Human and Bovine Milk Constituents on Rotavirus Infections (2004)

Among etiologic agents, rotavirus is the major cause of severe dehydration diarrhea in infant mammals. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that the human milk-fat globule protein lactadherin inhibits rotavirus binding and protects breast-fed children against symptomatic rotavirus infection. The present work was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactadherin, along with some other milk proteins and fractions, on rotavirus infections in MA104 and Caco-2 cell lines. It is shown that human, and not bovine, lactadherin inhibits Wa rotavirus infection in vitro. Human lactadherin seems to act through a mechanism involving protein-virus interactions. The reason for the activity of human lactadherin is not clear, but it might lie within differences in the protein structure or the attached oligosaccharides. Likewise, in our hands, bovine lactoferrin did not show any suppressive activity against rotavirus. In contrast, MUC1 from bovine milk inhibits the neuraminidase-sensitive rotavirus RRV strain efficiently, whereas it has no effect on the neuraminidase-resistant Wa strain. Finally, a bovine macromolecular whey protein fraction turned out to have an efficient and versatile inhibitory activity against rotavirus.
Scheduling algorithms and operating systems support for real-time systems (1994)

This paper summarizes the state of the real-time field in the areas of scheduling and operating system kernels. Given the vast amount of work that has been done by both the operations research and computer science communities in the scheduling area, we discuss four paradigms underlying the scheduling approaches and present several exemplars of each. The four paradigms are: static table-driven scheduling, static priority preemptive scheduling, dynamic planning-based scheduling, and dynamic best effort scheduling. In the operating system context, we argue that most of the proprietary commercial kernels as well as real-time extensions to time-sharing operating system kernels do not fit the needs of predictable realtime systems. We discuss several research kernels that are currently being built to explicitly meet the needs of real-time applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Penetrator Case Fracture Predictive Technology: Volume 2-Numerical Algorithms and Computations (1999)

Abstract : The objective of this work was to develop the capability to perform 3D crack propagation computations for penetrator cases during impact and penetration into hard concrete targets. The first step was to develop a new 2D algorithm that did not require rezoning (as rezoning would be very complex in 3D geometry), the second step was to extend the new technique to 3D geometry, and the third step was to apply the 3D algorithm to actual hard target penetrator impact events. The numerical algorithms described in this report have been incorporated into the 1999 version of the EPIC code. A finite element algorithm is presented for dynamic crack calculations in general directions. The algorithm avoids node splitting and the associated remeshing and redefinition of contact surfaces. and does not rely on failure mechanisms embedded in the constitutive model. The T* energy integral is employed as the dynamic fracture parameter, guiding the crack tip through the mesh. Elements through which the crack tip passes lose the ability to sustain deviatoric and tensile volumetric Stresses, and their interfaces with the nest of the mesh model fractured surfaces that can sustain only compressive normal tractions (when the crack is closed). This technique is therefore referred to as the element failure algorithm.
Accelerating urea hydrolysis in fresh urine by modifying operating conditions of a sequencing batch reactor (2022)

A number of existing and emerging technologies can recover nitrogen from urine. A preliminary step in many nitrogen recovery processes is hydrolyzing urea to ammonium, a biologically-mediated process that can take days to weeks without intervention. The ability to achieve urea hydrolysis quickly and reliably would increase the feasibility of decentralized nitrogen recovery, especially where space and treatment time are constrained. The goal of this research was to determine whether urea hydrolysis could be accelerated by providing an inoculum containing microorganisms likely to have urease activity (feces or soil), providing a carrier to support attached growth (plastic carriers, granular activated carbon, or no carrier), and modifying the hydraulic retention time (HRT; 1.3, 2, and 4 days) and feeding frequency (Δ<i>t </i>= 4, 24 h). Inoculated reactors achieved significantly more urea hydrolysis, and reactors inoculated with soil were able to sustain higher urea hydrolysis rates over time than those inoculated with feces. The mean zero-order rate constants (mM/hr) for reactors with a soil inoculum (15.1) were about three times higher than that of reactors with an inoculum of feces (4.9). A reactor with GAC and an inoculum of soil fed daily with fresh urine achieved greater than 90% hydrolysis with an HRT of 2 days; results suggest the HRT could be reduced to 16 h without reducing performance. No significant benefit was provided by increasing the frequency of feedings for the same HRT, likely because urease enzymes were saturated and operating at maximum hydrolysis rates during most of the reaction period.
On the Importance of Stereo for Accurate Depth Estimation: An Efficient Semi-Supervised Deep Neural Network Approach (2018)

We revisit the problem of visual depth estimation in the context of autonomous vehicles. Despite the progress on monocular depth estimation in recent years, we show that the gap between monocular and stereo depth accuracy remains large$-$a particularly relevant result due to the prevalent reliance upon monocular cameras by vehicles that are expected to be self-driving. We argue that the challenges of removing this gap are significant, owing to fundamental limitations of monocular vision. As a result, we focus our efforts on depth estimation by stereo. We propose a novel semi-supervised learning approach to training a deep stereo neural network, along with a novel architecture containing a machine-learned argmax layer and a custom runtime (that will be shared publicly) that enables a smaller version of our stereo DNN to run on an embedded GPU. Competitive results are shown on the KITTI 2015 stereo dataset. We also evaluate the recent progress of stereo algorithms by measuring the impact upon accuracy of various design criteria.
Studies of plasma production at hypervelocity microparticle impact (1973)

This paper is concerned with an investigation of the plasma generated during the impact of hypervelocity microparticles with a metal target. A laboratory source of hypervelocity micron-sized iron particles is first described which utilizes a 2 MV Van de Graaff generator, followed by a discussion of the techniques used to determine the mass and velocity of the particles. On impact of the iron projectiles on a slatted molybdenum target, charge is generated, extracted from the region of impact by suitably biasing a gridded electrode, and subsequently detected using a conventional wideband electronic amplifier or an electron multiplier. It is shown statistically that during impact equal numbers of electrons and positive ions are produced - indicating plasma generation - and that the total charge released ( Q ) may be described empirically in terms of the mass ( m ) and velocity ( v ) of the particle by a simple power law relationship of the kind Q α m α v β , with β = 3·2 ± 0·1 over the complete velocity range investigated (0·05 to 10 km s −1 ) and with α = 0·85 for v &gt;1 km s −1 and 1·33 for v &lt;1 km s −1 . It is also shown that the charge extracted from the plasma reaches a maximum a few microseconds after impact and subsequently decays exponentially with a time constant of several micro-seconds. A crude mass analysis of the positive ions generated during the impact using a simple time-of-flight mass spectrometer has indicated that, over the velocity range investigated, the dominant ions in the spectrum are characteristic of the projectile and not the target material. From considerations of the relative abundance of the metal ions in the spectra, together with the known relative metal atom concentrations in the iron projectiles, the temperatures of the plasmas have been estimated (from Saha equilibrium considerations) to be of the order of several thousands of degrees Kelvin. In a detailed discussion, attempts are made to consider how the kinetic energy of the projectile is dissipated - eventually producing plasma - in terms of available theoretical models of hypervelocity impact. It is shown that the most satisfactory model of this very complex interaction appears to be one in which the relative importance of shock-wave propagation into the projectile and target materials is considered. Finally, a discussion of the properties and the temporal behaviour of the impact-produced plasma is presented in order to assess the relative importance of diffusion and recombination processes, thus to assist in the interpretation of the experimental results obtained in this study.
Presentation of the DING project (1998)

We report on two patients with granulomatous rosacea and another patient with granulomatous perioral dermatitis who responded well to dapsone. Dapsone has a pharmacological double function as both an antibiotic and an antiphlogistic drug. Before the introduction of isotretinoin, dapsone had its place in the treatment of severe acne. To date, its use in granulomatous rosacea has not been described. When hematologic parameters are monitored, dapsone is considered a safe and cost-effective drug, especially in countries where isotretinoin is not readily available. However, the definite value of dapsone in granulomatous rosacea should be established by a controlled study.
Yunnan orbivirus, a new orbivirus species isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in China (2005)

An orbivirus designated Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV) was isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected in the Yunnan province of China. Electron microscopy showed particles with typical orbivirus morphology. The YUOV genome was sequenced completely and compared with previously characterized orbivirus genomes. Significant identity scores were detected between proteins encoded by the segments (Seg-1 to Seg-10) of YUOV and those encoded by their homologues in insect-borne and tick-borne orbiviruses. Analysis of VP1 (Pol) and VP2 (T2, which correlates with the virus serogroup) indicated that YUOV is a new species of the genus Orbivirus that is unrelated to the other insect-borne orbiviruses. The replication of YUOV in mosquito cell lines was restricted to Aedes albopictus cells and the virus failed to replicate in mammalian cell lines. However, intraperitoneal injection of virus into naïve mice resulted in productive, non-lethal virus replication and viraemia. Infected mice developed serum neutralizing antibodies and were protected against a new infection challenge. Sequence analysis of clones from the segments encoding outer coat proteins (Seg-3 and Seg-6) of YUOV recovered from mouse blood did not show significant changes in the sequences. The availability of the complete genome sequence will facilitate the development of sequence-specific PCR assays for the study of YUOV epidemiology in the field.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazolyl, Oxazolyl, and Thiazolylpropionic Acid Derivatives as Potent α4β1 Integrin Antagonists. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Postharvest Behavior of Watermelon Fruit Blotch (1997)

Transmission of watermelon fruit blotch was not observed during the first week of postharvest storage at either 11 °C or 20 °C when the diseased surface of an affected watermelon was placed in direct contact with the surface of a healthy fruit. Abrasion of either the diseased fruit, the healthy fruit, or both fruit did not facilitate transmission of the disease compared to unabraded controls. After 3 weeks' storage, disease transmission was significantly greater at 20 °C than at 11 °C, illustrating the importance of appropriate temperature management during postharvest handling. Harvesting appears to arrest the development of watermelon fruit blotch if the disease symptoms cover less than approximately 5% of the fruit surface at harvest.
Novel Two-Phase PWM Scheme for Three-Phase Voltage-Fed Converter (2012)

A three-phase voltage-fed converter operated by a two-phase PWM scheme offers relatively high ac voltage, low switching times, and low switching losses in comparison to that operated by a three-phase PWM scheme. However, the harmonics involved in the ac-side voltages and currents produced in the two-phase PWM scheme are distributed over a wide frequency range, which can be a significant drawback depending on its applications. To overcome this problem, the authors propose a novel two-phase PWM scheme in which the harmonics appear in a frequency range as narrow as that in a conventional three-phase PWM scheme.
Foetal antigen 2 (FA2) in the stromal reaction induced by breast carcinoma (1992)

An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was used to examine the distribution of foetal antigen 2 (FA2), a recently described basement membrane (BM)-associated antigen, in invasive breast carcinoma (n = 34), fibroadenoma (n = 5) and normal breast tissue (n = 5), and to compare its distribution with that of laminin and collagen type IV. In normal breast tissue, FA2 was detected in the intralobular stroma as a broad band around acini and ducts, but was not present in the interlobular stroma. In areas of carcinoma in situ, FA2 was present diffusely around and in close contact with the glandular elements, the staining being more intense than that found around normal glandular structures. Two distinct patterns of FA2 distribution were found in adenocarcinomas of the breast. In the fibroblast reaction type, fibroblast staining dominated, whilst in the stromal reaction type, intense and extensive staining of the surrounding stroma dominated. Significant correlation was found between the degree of fibroblast activity and the degree of anaplasia (p = 0.005). FA2 extracted from breast carcinoma tissue was shown to be immunologically identical to FA2 fractions extracted from second trimester amniotic fluid (AF). The Mr of FA2 isolated from AF was estimated to be 26 kD, whereas the Mr of FA2 extracted from breast carcinoma tissue was slightly higher. The apparent Mr under reducing conditions were higher and three bands ranging from 26 to 29 kD were seen. FA2 was found to be immunologically distinct from collagen types I, III and IV, laminin, fibronectin and fibrinogen. The increased production and widespread distribution of FA2 in breast carcinomas suggest that FA2 is involved in the stromal changes which occur in response to tumour growth and/or invasion.
The influence of dovetailed cross beams on the dimensional stability of a panel painting from the Middle Ages (2014)

This paper describes experiments carried out to determine the influence of dovetailed cross beams on the&#13;\ndimensional stability of a panel painting from the Middle Ages. Besides a serious cup (transverse distortion),&#13;\nthe panel featured an unusual longitudinal distortion, a bow, mostly originating from bending in the proximity&#13;\nof the middle cross beam. Because of its localized occurrence, bending appeared to be caused by the&#13;\ncrossbeam somehow pushing on the walls of its channel. Thanks to the cooperation offered by the curator&#13;\nand the restorer, some non-damaging tests were performed to measure the distortions of the panel, with&#13;\nand without the cross beams, after conditioning it in different climates. Processing and analysis of the&#13;\nmeasurement results demonstrated that the bow of the panel increases as the wood moisture content&#13;\ndecreases. This led to the conclusion that the bow is actually produced by forces exerted by the cross&#13;\nbeam along the panel’s length, according to a mechanism named thrust transformation. By this&#13;\nmechanism the cross beam partly transforms the panel’s tendency towards cupping, into a bow distortion.