gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical application of isolated menthol and combined menthol‐capsaicin creams: Exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation in the heat (2023)

We determined the effects of topically applied (i) isolated menthol cream, (ii) menthol and capsaicin co-application or (iii) placebo cream on exercise tolerance, thermal perception, pain, attentional focus and thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. Ten participants cycled at 70% maximal power output until exhaustion in 35°C and 20% relative humidity after application of (i) 5% isolated menthol, (ii) 5% menthol and 0.025% capsaicin co-application or (iii) placebo cream. Thermo-physiological responses were measured during exercise, with attentional focus and pain determined post-exercise on a 0-to-10 scale. Across the three conditions, time to exhaustion was 13.4 ± 4.8 min, mean ± SD infrared tympanic and skin temperature was 37.2 ± 0.6°C and 35.1 ± 1.2°C, respectively, and heart rate was 152 ± 47 bpm, with no changes between conditions (<i>p </i>> 0.05). Perceived exertion was lower in the isolated menthol <i>vs.</i> all other conditions (<i>p </i>< 0.05, <i>ηp<sup>2 </sup></i>= 0.44). Thermal sensation was higher in menthol-capsaicin co-application <i>vs.</i> isolated menthol (<i>p </i>< 0.05, <i>d = </i>1.1), while sweat rate was higher for capsaicin and menthol co-application compared to menthol (<i>p </i>< 0.05, <i>d </i>= 0.85). The median and interquartile range scores for pain were lower (<i>p </i>< 0.05) in the menthol condition (8, 7-8) compared to both menthol and capsaicin (10, 9-10) and placebo (9, 9-10), which was coupled with a greater distraction (<i>p </i>< 0.05) in the menthol condition (9, 7-10) compared to placebo (6, 5-7). Despite no performance effects for any topical cream application condition, these data reiterate the advantageous perceptual and analgesic role of menthol application and demonstrate no advantage of co-application with capsaicin.<b>Highlights</b>Topical application of isolated menthol cream to cold-sensitive areas of the body during exhaustive exercise in the heat, elicited reduced perception of pain and enhanced sensation of cooling.While this reduction in generally unpleasant feelings (i.e. pain and heat) were coupled with lower RPE scores in the menthol condition and could be considered beneficial, there was no apparent ergogenic effect in an exercise tolerance test.Co-application of capsaicin and menthol appeared to inhibit the positive sensory effects elicited by menthol.Isolated menthol can induce changes in cognitive processes related to pain and exertion, while also reducing thermal sensation; however, the decision to use menthol creams must be balanced with the limited performance or thermoregulatory effects reported herein during exercise in hot environments.
Inclusion body myopathy-associated mutations in p97/VCP impair endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (2005)

Mutations in the AAA+ protein (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities) p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein) cause a dominantly inherited syndrome of inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and fronto-temporal dementia (IBMPFD). p97/VCP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that participates in a number of cellular processes including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). p97/VCP aids in the extraction of ubiquitinated proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates their delivery to the proteasome. This study focuses on the effects of disease-associated p97/VCP mutations on this pathway. We show that p97/VCP containing the most prevalent IBMPFD-associated mutation, R155H, has normal ATPase activity and hexameric structure. However, when expressed in cultured cells, both this and a second IBMPFD-associated p97/VCP mutant increase the overall level of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and specifically impair degradation of mutant DeltaF508-CFTR handled by the ERAD pathway. These effects are similar to those previously described for an ATPase deficient p97/VCP mutant and suggest that IBMPFD mutations impair p97/VCP cellular function. In a subset of cells, IBMPFD mutations also promote formation of aggregates that contain p97/VCP, ubiquitin conjugates and ER-resident proteins. Undegraded mutant DeltaF508-CFTR also accumulates in these aggregates. We conclude that IBMPFD mutations in p97/VCP disrupt ERAD and that this may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBMPFD.
Sedimentation from jets; a depositional model for clastic deposits of all scales and environments (2003)

NOTE: This is the second of six presentations on the general subject of the shapes of siliciclastic sedimentary bodies presented by this group of ExxonMobil researchers under the leadership of John C. Van Wagoner. General Statement Sedimentary geologists typically employ depositional models in order to predict subsurface sand body morphology and distribution. One assumption of these models is that sedimentary processes are environment and scale specific (Walker and James, 1992). However, because the physics of sediment and fluid transport operate independently of environment and scale (e.g., Fischer et al., 1979; Middleton and Southard, 1978), a more logical approach may be to develop depositional models that are based on the properties of the decelerating flows responsible for most clastic deposits (Bates, 1953). Applying a flow-based method significantly reduces the number of unique depositional models, potentially simplifying and improving sand body prediction. It also provides the context for a transition from the current qualitative depositional models to more quantitative models that are based on well-established laws of fluid and sediment
Just add water (2011)

This year SA Water, the Art Gallery of South Australia and the State Library of South Australia partnered to deliver a program called The Wacky Sticky Soaky Flowy Thing. The program was designed to engage students ranging in age from four to 16, in water literacy by encouraging them to research one of five key areas and then challenging them to produce a creative piece to demonstrate their learning.
Hydrogen Production on Demand by a Pump Controlled Hydrolysis of Granulated Sodium Borohydride (2021)

We present a new type of hydrogen generator for “on-demand” use with hydrogen-based fuel cells. Hydrogen is produced in a catalytic hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride with ruthenium powder as a catalyst. The proposed generator is portable and lightweight; has high energy density; is easy to use, refill, and clean; and is designed for long working periods with the capability for restart after prolonged rests. The system consists of two main chambers: the upper chamber with granulated sodium borohydride powder and the lower reaction chamber with a solution of water and catalyst. A peristaltic pump regulates the flow of solution through a spiral channel which is situated in the solids chamber. The powder is separated from the channel by a mesh which prevents its clogging. The solution becomes saturated while flowing through the channel and drips into the reaction chamber. This system is significantly lighter and requires much less operating energy than other similar generators. To maintain constant H2 flow rate levels, the solution temperature and H2 pressure in the reaction chamber are constantly controlled. Experiments were carried out to prove system reliability and efficiency, demonstrating multiple stop-and-run breaks at different solution concentrations. During 6.3 h of the experiment, 110 L of hydrogen was generated with an average flow rate of 290 mL/min and 98% conversion efficiency. The achieved energy density is 1300 Wh/kg for the fuel, 540 Wh/kg for the generator, and 377 Wh/kg with the attached 30 W fuel cell. This hydrogen generation has a great potential for a variety of military, vehicle, and portable device applications.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay and bisexual men (2022)

Our study adds to the growing awareness that PrEP use among GBM may be associated with bacterial STIs because PrEP users have more anal sex partners and are more likely to engage in CAS. The results underscore the importance of providing effective STI counselling and regular testing to PrEP users, adapting PrEP care and related STI testing to individual needs, and the need for effective prevention strategies for bacterial STIs.
New Cyclams and Their Copper(II) and Iron(III) Complexes: Synthesis and Potential Application as Anticancer Agents (2019)

New cyclam derivatives (HOCH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> (PhCH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> Cyclam and (HOCH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mi>CF</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> PhCH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> Cyclam, as well as their Cu<sup>II</sup> and Fe<sup>III</sup> complexes, were synthesized and characterized and their stability in cellular media was assessed. The cytotoxic effect of all compounds was examined on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, revealing strong anticancer activity. After 24 h, only complexes with the (HOCH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mi>CF</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> PhCH<sub>2</sub> )<sub>2</sub> Cyclam ligand are cytotoxic, whereas after incubation for 72 h all compounds show significant antiproliferative effects. Notably, compounds containing <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mtext>-</mml:mtext><mml:mi>CF</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> PhCH<sub>2</sub> pendant arms on the cyclam ring revealed the most activity, with cytotoxicity values up to 12 times higher than those of cisplatin. All metal complexes seem to induce cell death through the formation of reactive oxygen species.
Metabolism of L-tyrosine in Aspergillus sojae. (1978)

Studies on microbial metabolic pathway of or meta bolites of tyrosine with Aspergillus oryzae,l) a sake yeast,2) Psudomonas sp.,3) Bacterium coli acidilactici4) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae5) have so far been re ported.
Photoconductivity in Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2001)

We have observed the photoconductive response of film samples of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the first time. Two peaks in the photoconductivity excitation spectra around 0.7 and 1.2 eV are observed at room temperature, which can be interpreted as a photocurrent in semiconducting nanotubes. At a low temperature, we found a marked change in the intensity of the spectrum. In this paper, we discuss this temperature dependence and the mechanism of photoconductivity.
Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Health Effects of Testosterone Enanthate (2000)

Hart, Lawrence E. MBBCh, MSc; Tarnopolsky, Mark MD, PhD; Lotter, Ann; Shrier, Ian MD, PhD Author Information
[Closure of anterior and middle skull base defects using pedicled buccal fad pad flap]. (2011)

BFP is characterized by absolute advantages--proximity of donor site and defect, simplicity of surgical technique, minimal postoperative discomfort and very low risk of benign complications. This paper is the first description of the suggested technique.
Subduing surface recombination for continuous-wave operation of photonic crystal nanolasers integrated on Silicon waveguides (2015)

Detrimental surface recombination of carriers in InP-based photonic crystal nanobeams containing quantum wells is reduced by employing chemical treatment followed by silica encapsulation. Carrier lifetime is shown to recover to 2.63ns close to the bulk value. This enables us to obtain optically pumped room-temperature continuous-wave nanolasers at 1.55µm integrated onto Silicon on insulator waveguide platform with a threshold of 8µW.
A Platinum‐Free Zero‐Carbon‐Emission Easy Fuelling Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cell for Vehicles (2007)

Move over, platinum: A Pt-free direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHFC), which uses an anion-exchange polymer electrolyte, shows a maximum power-generation performance of 0.5 W cm−2 (1250 mA cm−2 at 0.4 V). Its performance is comparable to that of the hydrogen polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and far exceeds that of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701334_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fraud Detection System Model Using Generative Adversarial Networks and Deep Learning (2020)

인공지능이 다루기 어려운 개념에서 아주 익숙한 도구로 자리매김 하고 있다. 이와 더불어 금융권 에서도 인공지능 기술을 도입하여 기존 시스템의 문제점을 개선하고자 하는 추세이며, 그 대표적인 예가 이상거래탐지 시스템(Fraud Detection System, FDS)이다. 결제 수단의 다양화 및 전자금융거래의 증가에 따라 치밀해져 가는 사이버 금융사기(Fraud)를 기존의 규칙기반 FDS로는 탐지하기 어려워지고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 딥러닝 기술을 적용하여 이상거래 탐지율을 향상시키고, 이상행위에 즉각 대응하며, 탐지 결과의 반영을 자동화하고자 하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 딥러닝 FDS 구축에서 핵심 문제는 데이터 불균형과 이상거래 패턴의 변동이다. 본 논문에서는 생성적 적대 신경망(Generative Adversarial Network, GAN)을 활용한 오버샘플링 기법을 통해 데이터 불균형 문제를 개선하고, 이상거래 분류기로써 심층 신경망(Deep Neural Network, DNN)과 합성곱 신경망(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)을 적용하여 이러한 문제를 개선하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, GAN 오버샘플링이 이상거래 데이터의 불균형 문제를 개선하는데 효과를 보였으며, WGAN이 가장 높은 개선 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 제안 FDS 모형의 AUC가 0.9857로 랜덤포레스트 FDS 모형에 비해 약 6.5% 향상되어, 딥러닝이 이상거래 탐지에 뛰어난 성능을 가짐을 입증하였다. 더불어 딥러닝 모형 중 DNN은 CNN에 비해 오버샘플링의 효과를 더 잘 반영함을 확인하였다.
A high-output impedance, wide swing bulk-driven current source with dynamic biasing (2012)

In this paper, a high-output impedance, wide output swing bulk-driven current source with dynamic biasing is proposed. To increase the output impedance, a bulk-driven gain-boosted cascode feedback amplifier is used. Two dynamic biasing circuits are introduced: one is used to adaptively bias the gate of the current source output transistor while the other is used to supplement current into the output node when the output voltage is low. In addition, the dynamic biasing circuits help to boost the output impedance further. Simulation results show that under 0.6 V supply voltage, the minimum output voltage is below 100 mV and the output impedance is over 200 MΩ.
SNP2Vec: Scalable Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Genome-Wide Association Study (2022)

Self-supervised pre-training methods have brought remarkable breakthroughs in the understanding of text, image, and speech. Recent developments in genomics has also adopted these pre-training methods for genome understanding. However, they focus only on understanding haploid sequences, which hinders their applicability towards understanding genetic variations, also known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which is crucial for genome-wide association study. In this paper, we introduce SNP2Vec, a scalable self-supervised pre-training approach for understanding SNP. We apply SNP2Vec to perform long-sequence genomics modeling, and we evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on predicting Alzheimer's disease risk in a Chinese cohort. Our approach significantly outperforms existing polygenic risk score methods and all other baselines, including the model that is trained entirely with haploid sequences. We release our code and dataset on https://github.com/HLTCHKUST/snp2vec.
Feedback control of organometallic vapor-phase epitaxial growth of aluminum gallium arsenide devices (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.
Tissue specific regulation of CB1/CB2 gene receptors in salt sensitive hypertension of SHR (2013)

A growing body of evidence suggests that endogenous cannabinoids participate in the regulation of blood pressure in salt‐sensitive hypertension. However, there is limited information on the role of cannabinoids in the development of cardiac and renal abnormalities associated with high dietary salt intake. Therefore, the present study evaluated gene expression of the two major cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) in the heart and kidneys of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) fed a high salt diet. Male SHRs were given an 8% salt diet (HS; n=7), while their age‐matched controls (C; n=7) received standard chow for 5 weeks. CB1 and CB2 mRNA was measured using reverse transcriptase, real‐time polymerase chain reaction. After 5 weeks, the HS exacerbated hypertension (C: 208 ± 13; HS: 260 ± 11 mmHg, p&lt;0.05) and increased left ventricular weight (C: 980 ± 12; HS: 1163 ± 38 mg, p&lt;0.05), cardiac fibrosis [C: 3.41 ± 0.48; HS: 13.58 ± 3.29 %; p&lt;0.05] and urinary protein excretion (C: 20 ± 2; HS: 160 ± 38 mg/day; p&lt;0.05). CB1 receptor mRNA was 2.4‐fold (p&lt;0.05) and 1.4‐fold (p&lt;0.05) reduced in the heart and kidneys of salt‐loaded SHR, respectively. In contrast, CB2 mRNA was increased 1.8‐fold in kidney (p&lt;0.05), but not in the heart. These results suggest that CB1/CB2 gene receptors are regulated in a tissue‐specific manner in salt‐loaded SHRs and may play a role in the development of end organ damage due to high dietary salt intake.
The Effect of Insertion Species on Nanostructured Open Framework Hexacyanoferrate Battery Electrodes (2011)

Recent battery research has focused on the high power and energy density needed for portable electronics and vehicles, but the requirements for grid-scale energy storage are different, with emphasis on low cost, long cycle life, and safety. Open framework materials with the Prussian Blue crystal structure offer the high power capability, ultra-long cycle life, and scalable, low cost synthesis and operation that are necessary for storage systems to integrate transient energy sources, such as wind and solar, with the electrical grid. We have demonstrated that two open framework materials, copper hexacyanoferrate and nickel hexacyanoferrate, can reversibly intercalate lithium, sodium, potassium, and ammonium ions at high rates. These materials can achieve capacities of up to 60 mAhg. The porous, nanoparticulate morphology of these materials, synthesized by the use of simple and inexpensive methods, results in remarkable rate capabilities: e.g. copper hexacyanoferrate retains 84 of its maximum capacity during potassium cycling at a very high (41.7C) rate, while nickel hexacyanoferrate retains 66 of its maximum capacity while cycling either sodium or potassium at this same rate. These materials show excellent stability during the cycling of sodium and potassium, with minimal capacity loss after 500 cycles. © 2011 The Electrochemical Society.
Influence of a polymer sunscreen additive on the transport and retention of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in water-saturated porous media (2015)

This study coupled experimental work with mathematical modeling to investigate the influence of a polymeric sunscreen additive on the transport and deposition behavior of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in porous media.
Caching and Recommendation Decisions at Transcoding-Enabled Base Stations (2022)

In the context of on-demand video streaming services, both the caching and the recommendation decisions have an impact on the user satisfaction, and thus, financial implications for the Content Provider (CP). The idea of co-designing these decisions has been recently proposed in the literature as a way to minimize delivery costs and traffic at the backbone Internet. However, related work does not take into account that every content exists in multiple versions/streaming qualities, or at best treats each version as a separate content, when it comes to caching. In this paper, we explore how transcoding a content at the edge could avoid placing multiple related versions of this content in the same cache, thus better utilizing capacity (leading to an increase of the CP's profit). To this end, we formulate the problem of jointly deciding on caching, recommendations, and user-transcoder assignments with the goal of increasing the profit (revenue minus the incurred costs). We propose an iterative algorithm that is based on a decomposition of the formulated problem into two subproblems. We show that both subproblems, although NP-hard, are equivalent to problems in the literature for which algorithms with approximation guarantees exist. Our numerical evaluations in realistic scenarios show that the proposed policy leads to important financial gains of up to 29% when compared to the scenario where edge transcoding is not exploited.
Electrostatic interactions of rodlike polyelectrolytes with repulsive, charged surfaces (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrostatic interactions of rodlike polyelectrolytes with repulsive, charged surfacesDavid A. HoaglandCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 10, 2781–2789Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00212a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00212a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peptidyl Fluoro-Ketones as Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitors (2006)

Proteolytic enzymes are involved in many important physiological processes. Because of the critical roles played by these enzymes, aberrations in regulation of their activities can lead to pathological conditions. For this reason, finding inhibitors selective for a proteolytic enzyme that is contributing to a medical problem can be an effective therapeutic strategy. The introduction of fluorine in the backbone of proteolytic enzyme substrates can lead to active and selective inhibitors belonging to the peptidyl fluorinated ketone family. Fluorine not only can influence the mechanism of substrate/enzyme recognition events but also can modify the in vivo profile of the substrate. Although prediction of the total effects of fluorine on the pharmacokinetic parameters can be difficult, the pharmaceutical interest in the synthesis and biological evaluation of peptidyl fluorinated ketones highlights the potential of this family of molecules as therapeutically useful inhibitors.