gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nanoscale-modified LaMer model for particle synthesis from inorganic tin–platinum complexes (2013)

The size-tunable structure and properties of Pt nanoparticles at the atomic length scale have attracted significant attention across a wide variety of fields including magnetics, electrocatalysis, optics, and gas-phase synthesis. Mechanisms responsible for the formation Pt nanoparticles remain unclear because of the difficulty generating in situ data for the time-evolution of size, shape, distribution, volume fraction, particle number density, and oxidation state from the starting complexes. We here demonstrate the use of simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering combined with UV-vis spectroscopy to measure these key synthesis metrics for the reduction of Pt(IV) by Sn(II) in aqueous solution. This synthesis approach has been previously shown to permit continuous control over Pt nanoparticle size from 0.9 to 2.6 nm to within 10% standard deviation. Such fine control led to the discovery of densely packed amorphous structures at ca. 1.7 nm with substantially enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction relative to nanocrystals and commercial electrocatalysts. Ex situ UV-vis and in situ X-ray scattering are here shown to reveal four distinct stages during synthesis: (1) autoreduction of a ligand/noble metal complex with a unique structure that depends on the Sn(II)/Pt(II) ratio, (2) generation of Pt primary particles and the formation of Pt nuclei at a rate that depends on the structure of the initial complex, (3) nanoparticle growth via LaMer's diffusion of these primary particles to the nuclei, and (4) growth termination due to capping from a stabilizing, two-layer ligand shell. We derive a set of consecutive rate equations and associated kinetic parameters that describe each step. The kinetics of ligand rearrangement has been previously found to limit the rate of nanoparticle growth. We incorporate this phenomenon into LaMer's classic diffusion-limited growth scheme to extend it to the nanoscale regime. This new model provides detailed understanding of how metal ligands serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents and allow for unprecedented, continuous control over both size and distribution. Systematic variation of temperature permits detailed time resolution at the very onset of Pt primary particle formation, as well as a means to determine temperature sensitivity of nanoparticle growth.
Magnetic semiconductors based on cobalt substituted ZnO (2003)

We have investigated the microstructure and the magnetic properties of cobalt substituted ZnO thin films deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We have optimized the growth condition using in situ monitoring by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We found that ferromagnetic films need to be grown at low oxygen partial pressure (&amp;lt;10−6 Torr). Films with 25% of Co are ferromagnetic at room temperature with clear out-of-plane anisotropy. We have looked for spurious origins of the ferromagnetic signal and found none.
Enhancing the “A-Rule” of Translesion DNA Synthesis:  Promutagenic DNA Synthesis Using Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates (2007)

Abasic sites are mutagenic DNA lesions formed as a consequence of inappropriate modifications to the functional groups present on purines and pyrimidines. In this paper we quantify the ability of the high-fidelity bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase to incorporate various promutagenic alkylated nucleotides opposite and beyond this class of non-instructional DNA lesions. Kinetic analyses reveal that modified nucleotides such as N6-methyl-dATP and O6-methyl-dGTP are incorporated opposite an abasic site far more effectively than their unmodified counterparts. The enhanced incorporation is caused by a 10-fold increase in kpol values that correlates with an increase in hydrophobicity as well as changes in the tautomeric form of the nucleobase to resemble adenine. These biophysical features lead to enhanced base-stacking properties that also contribute toward their ability to be easily extended when paired opposite the non-instructional DNA lesion. Surprisingly, misincorporation opposite templating DNA is not enhanced by the increased base-stacking properties of most modified purines. The dichotomy in promutagenic DNA synthesis catalyzed by a high-fidelity polymerase indicates that the dynamics for misreplicating a miscoding versus a non-instructional DNA lesion are different. The collective data set is used to propose models accounting for synergistic enhancements in mutagenesis and the potential to develop treatment-related malignancies as a consequence of utilizing DNA-damaging agents as chemotherapeutic agents.
Linear Friction Welding for Near Net Shape Manufacturing of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V Aerospace Components (2018)

Titanium alloy aerospace components are typically machined from oversized ingots, forgings and extrusions. This is an expensive process due to the proportionally large amount of material that is purchased compared to the amount that remains after machining. For example, buy-to-fly (BTF) ratios of 20:1 are not uncommon. Linear Friction Welding (LFW), owing to its economic and environmental benefits, has been identified as a disruptive technology for producing these parts. This paper provides an overview of the ground-breaking work on LFW undertaken by TWI Ltd. The microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V welds are analysed; the results show that the weld microstructure is refined and the mechanical properties are often superior to the parent material. Moreover, examples of the types of components that can be produced, along with the achievable cost savings, are presented. The purpose of this paper is to inform the manufacturing and aerospace industries of the benefits of LFW, so that this innovative manufacturing process may be better exploited.
Tailored first-line and second-line CDK4-targeting treatment combinations in mouse models of pancreatic cancer (2017)

This study demonstrates the promise of CDK4 inhibition in PDA over standard therapy when applied in a molecular subtype-specific context.
EMC of networks (2006)

This paper argues that proper consideration should be given to the potential electromagnetic leakage from wired data networks that are continuously being enhanced to deliver faster services. Given the present hiatus in European and international network standards development, it may be necessary to revisit national enforcement standards, extending those already in place to meet the new requirements.
100nm bandwidth flat gain Raman amplifiers pumped and gain-equalized by 12-wavelength-channel WDM high power laser diodes (1999)

Overcoming the bandwidth limit of EDFA, one would resort to Raman amplifiers because of the possibility of much broader bandwidth by means of multiwavelength pumping scheme. We demonstrate 100nm bandwidth Raman amplifiers using 12-wavelength-channel WDM pump laser diode unit. The gain flatness is less than ±0.5dB, which is achieved through an asymmetric channel allocation of pump and without any gain equalization filters.
Aqueous Solubilization of Highly Fluorinated Molecules by Semifluorinated Surfactants (2004)

The physical and chemical properties of organic compounds are deeply affected by the introduction of fluorinated substituents. Perfluorinated and highly fluorinated organic molecules are both hydrophobic and lipophobic. This makes the recognition and the binding of fluorinated molecules extremely difficult to achieve through classical elements of molecular recognition. Here we show that semifluorinated water-soluble block copolymers can generate micellar structures having a fluorous phase-based inner core in aqueous solution. Furthermore, we show that these micelles can be used to encapsulate and bind highly fluorinated molecules through association in the internal fluorous phase (fluorophobic effect). We report that semifluorinated block copolymers can be used for the aqueous solubilization of the widely diffused gaseous anesthetic sevoflurane, thereby suggesting the possibility of the intravenous delivery of this commonly used anesthetic.
The use of psycho-acoustical transitional sessions in patients suffering of moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease (2009)

The Psycho-Acoustical Transitional (PAT) session is a completely defined setting from a mathematical-physical point of view that promotes large-scale functional connectivity between neural populations. Phenomenologically this phenomenon can be described as a modulation of the state of consciousness, inducing the unfolding of a clinical ecstatic state in normal subjects, improving for at least 48 hours psycho-physical performances and enhancing the “flow” state. A multi-gradient micro-synchronized fractal sound stimulus (Pink Noise) is used, reproduced following the procedures foreseen for AVS Virtual Audio Standard ®’ s audio reproducing system during a 20 minutes listening session. A study was organized to evaluate if PAT sessions could induce a (positive) change in Alzheimer’s affected subjects, recovered in a nurse (Fondazione Giroldi-Forcella-Ugoni) for their total inability to conduce an autonomous life. Six subjects were selected, three testable and three non testable for their seriously compromised mental abilities. Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), Token and Corsi test have been evaluated before, during and after the exposition to 13 PAT Sessions, once a week, for 4 months. The three non testable subjects didn’t show significant improvement of mental abilities and remained non testable at the end of the evaluation period. The three testable subjects showed a significant score’s increase in Corsi (+ 50–150%) and Token test (+ 50–110%), less evident in MMSE test. It seems that PAT sessions increase the topologic memory, may be “restoring” a primary mental space representation (Finsterle 2007) and opening some new neural paths between subcortical and cortical areas. These data seems to sustain the idea that PAT sessions’ effects are related to an improvement of brain’s “flexibility” and computation abilities, widening the research field concerning methodologies able to increase top-down/bottom-up neural communication and their possible clinical applications.
PDC-Net: Robust point cloud registration using deep cyclic neural network combined with PCA (2021)

It is important to improve the registration precision and speed in the process of registration. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a robust point cloud registration method based on deep learning, called PDC-Net, using a principal component analysis based adjustment network that quickly adjusts the initial position between two slices of the point cloud, then using an iterative neural network based on the inverse compositional algorithm to complete the final registration transformation. We compare it on the ModelNet40 dataset with iterative closest point, which is the traditional point cloud registration method, and the learning-based methods including PointNet-LK and deep closest point. The experimental results show that the registration error is not worse with the increase of the initial phase between point clouds, avoiding the algorithm falling into the local optimal solution and enhancing the robustness of registration.
Pattern accuracy and throughput optimization for an SLM-based 248-nm DUV laser mask pattern generator (2004)

With each new technology generation, photomask manufacturing faces increasing complexity due to shrinking designs and accelerating use of reticle enhancement techniques. Denser and more complex patterns on the mask result in lower yields and long write and turn-around times, important factors for the rapidly increasing mask related costs in IC manufacturing. Laser pattern generators operating at DUV wavelengths were recently introduced to provide cost effective alternatives to electron-beam systems for printing of high-end photomasks. DUV wavelengths provide the required resolution and pattern fidelity. Optical tools that use raster writing principles and massively parallel printing ensure short and predictable write times for photomasks almost independent of pattern complexity. One such high-volume production system, the Sigma7300, uses spatial light modulator (SLM) technology and a 248 nm excimer laser for printing. Partially coherent imaging and multi-pass printing as in a lithography scanner further increases resolution and pattern accuracy. With four-pass printing the system provides resolution and pattern accuracy meeting mask requirements for critical layers at the 90-nm node and sub-critical layers at the 65-nm node and beyond. The paper discusses how mask layout can be optimized to take full advantage of the speed potential provided by the SLM-based writer. It shows how flexible use of the writing principle can provide cost effective writing solutions for many layers in high-end mask sets. Resolution and pattern accuracy results from the Sigma7300 will be presented together with write times for different types of designs.
High performance control of the series–parallelresonant converter (1997)

The authors describe the operation, characteristics and design of a two-loop control technique for a MHz-switching series–parallel resonant converter. A resonant current feedback loop is used to determine the transistor switching instants resulting in the fourth-order converter characteristics becoming third order and, furthermore, being insensitive to operating conditions. The technique exploits the inherent delays in MHz-switching converter systems to provide well-damped dynamics. An output voltage control loop bandwidth of 100 kHz is achieved.
Suspension-drive secondary actuator for wide bandwidth dual-stage servo (2004)

Dual-stage actuators sometimes have a serious problem that the driving force of microactuators excites VCM vibration. To avoid the problem, we designed a suspension-drive piezoelectric micro-actuator to have high resonant frequency and small mass. We installed the microactuator in one of Fujitsu's 3.5-inch commercial drives for evaluation of the dual-stage servo system. The dual-stage actuator system achieved the openloop crossover frequency of 4 kHz.
Automated Design Life Evaluation for a Gas Turbine HRSG (2005)

Many combined cycle plants operate only during peak demand hours and start/stop at least once a day, Exposure of the HRSG to the repeated thermal gradients experienced during start-up has raised questions about fatigue durability. Additionally, portions of the superheater and reheater sections operate in the creep range and owners want assurance that these parts will provide 25–30 years of life. This paper illustrates the development of an automated process to evaluate the effects of creep and cycling induced fatigue. The process employs a dynamic thermal analysis computer program, spreadsheets, and finite element analysis to complete a comprehensive fatigue/creep evaluation of every significant pressure part in the HRSG. An automated life evaluation process offers many advantages to the owner. During the design stage of the project, the analysis allows designers to provide for correct materials and adequate strength. Once the plant is in operation, changed operating conditions can be easily evaluated to determine their effect on HRSG life.
Akt and MAPK signaling mediate pregnancy-induced cardiac adaptation (2012)

Although the signaling pathways underlying exercise-induced cardiac adaptation have been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that result in the response of the heart to pregnancy. The objective of this study was to define the morphological, functional, and gene expression patterns that define the hearts of pregnant mice, and to identify the signaling pathways that mediate this response. Mice were divided into three groups: nonpregnant diestrus control, midpregnancy, and late pregnancy. Both time points of pregnancy were associated with significant cardiac hypertrophy. The prosurvival signaling cascades of Akt and ERK1/2 were activated in the hearts of pregnant mice, while the stress kinase, p38, was decreased. Given the activation of Akt in pregnancy and its known role in cardiac hypertrophy, the hypertrophic response to pregnancy was tested in mice expressing a cardiac-specific activated (myristoylated) form of Akt (myrAkt) or a cardiac-specific constitutively active (antipathologic hypertrophic) form of its downstream target, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (caGSK3β). The pregnancy-induced hypertrophic responses of hearts from these mice were significantly attenuated. Finally, we tested whether pregnancy-associated sex hormones could induce hypertrophy and alter signaling pathways in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). In fact, progesterone, but not estradiol treatment increased NRVM cell size via phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Inhibition of MEK1 effectively blocked progesterone-induced cellular hypertrophy. Taken together, our study demonstrates that pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways.
Joint analysis of convective structure from the APR-2 precipitation radar and the DAWN Doppler wind lidar during the 2017 Convective Processes Experiment (CPEX) (2020)

Abstract. The mechanisms linking convection and cloud dynamical processes are major factors in much of the uncertainty in both weather and climate prediction. Further constraining the uncertainty in convective cloud processes linking 3-D air motion and cloud structure through models and observations is vital for improvements in weather forecasting and understanding limits on atmospheric predictability. To date, there have been relatively few airborne observations specifically targeted for linking the 3-D air motion surrounding developing clouds to the subsequent development (or nondevelopment) of convective precipitation. During the May–June 2017 Convective Processes Experiment (CPEX), NASA DC-8-based airborne observations were collected from the JPL Ku- and Ka-band Airborne Precipitation Radar (APR-2) and the 2 µm Doppler Aerosol Wind (DAWN) lidar during approximately 100 h of flight. For CPEX, the APR-2 provided the vertical air motion and structure of the cloud systems in nearby precipitating regions where DAWN is unable to sense. Conversely, DAWN sampled vertical wind profiles in aerosol-rich regions surrounding the convection but is unable to sense the wind field structure within most clouds. In this paper, the complementary nature of these data are presented from the 10–11 June flight dates, including the APR-2 precipitation structure and Doppler wind fields as well as adjacent wind profiles from the DAWN data.
Nanovesicles From Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 Reduce Apoptosis in Human Beta Cells by Promoting AHR Translocation and IL10 Secretion (2022)

<i>L. johnsonii</i> N6.2 releases nano-sized vesicles (NVs) with distinct protein and lipid contents. We hypothesized that these NVs play a central role in the delivery of bioactive molecules that may act as mechanistic effectors in immune modulation. In this report, we observed that addition of NVs to the human pancreatic cell line βlox5 reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis. Through RNAseq analyses, increased expression of <i>CYP1A1, CYP1B1, AHRR</i>, and <i>TIPARP</i> genes in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathways were found to be significantly induced in presence of NVs. AHR nuclear translocation was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The role of NVs on beta cell function was further evaluated using primary human pancreatic islets. It was found that NVs significantly increased insulin secretion in presence of high glucose concentrations. These increases positively correlated with increased <i>GLUT6</i> and <i>SREBF1 mRNA</i> and coincided with reduced oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, incubation of NVs with THP-1 macrophages promoted the M2 tolerogenic phenotype through STAT3 activation, expression of AHR-dependent genes and secretion of IL10. Altogether, our findings indicate that bacterial NVs have the potential to modulate glucose homeostasis in the host by directly affecting insulin secretion by islets and through the induction of a tolerogenic immune phenotype.
The Smad4 Activation Domain (SAD) Is a Proline-rich, p300-dependent Transcriptional Activation Domain (2000)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members signal through a unique set of intracellular proteins called Smads. Smad4, previously identified as the tumor suppressor DPC4, is functionally distinct among the Smad family, and is required for the assembly and transcriptional activation of diverse, Smad-DNA complexes. We previously identified a 48-amino acid proline-rich regulatory element within the middle linker domain of this molecule, the Smad4 activation domain (SAD), which is essential for mediating these signaling activities. We now characterize the functional activity of the SAD. Mutants lacking the SAD are still able to form complexes with other Smad family members and associated transcription factors, but cannot activate transcription in these complexes. Furthermore, the SAD itself is able to activate transcription in heterologous reporter assays, identifying it as a proline-rich transcriptional activation domain, and indicating that the SAD is both necessary and sufficient to activate Smad-dependent transcriptional responses. We show that transcriptional activation by the SAD is p300-dependent, and demonstrate that this activity is associated with a physical interaction of the SAD with the amino terminus of p300. These data identify a novel function of the middle linker region of Smad4, and define the role of the SAD as an important locus determining the transcriptional activation of the Smad complex.
Hierarchical Recruitment of Polycomb Group Silencing Complexes (2021)

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain the transcriptional silence of target genes through many cycles of cell division. Here, we provide evidence for the sequential binding of PcG proteins at a Polycomb response element (PRE) in proliferating cells in which the sequence-specific DNA binding Pho and Phol proteins directly recruit E(z)-containing complexes, which in turn methylate histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3mK27). This provides a tag that facilitates binding by a Pc-containing complex. In wing imaginal discs, these PcG proteins also are present at discrete locations at or downstream of the promoter of a silenced target gene, Ubx. E(z)-dependent H3mK27 is also present near the Ubx promoter and is needed for Pc binding. The location of E(z)- and Pc-containing complexes downstream of the Ubx transcription start site suggests that they may inhibit transcription by interfering with assembly of the preinitiation complex or by blocking transcription initiation or elongation.