gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Resilience in Time-based Dependency Analysis: A Large-Scale Case Study for Urban Critical Infrastructures (2021)

As critical systems shall withstand different types of perturbations affecting their functionalities and their service level, resilience is a very important requirement. Especially in an urban critical infrastructures where the occurrence of natural events may influence the state of other dependent infrastructures from various different sectors, the overall resilience of such infrastructures against large scale failures is even more important. When a perturbation occurs in a system, the quality (level) of the service provided by the affected system will be reduced and a recovery phase will be triggered to restore the system to its normal operation level. According to the implemented recovery controls, the restoration phase may follow a different growth model. This paper extends a previous time-based dependency risk analysis methodology by integrating and assessing the effect of recovery controls. The main goal is to dynamically assess the evolution of recovery over time, in order to identify how the expected recovery plans will eventually affect the overall risk of the critical paths. The proposed recovery-aware time-based dependency analysis methodology was integrated into the CIPCast Decision Support System that enables risk forecast due to natural events to identify vulnerable and disrupted assets (e.g., electric substations, telecommunication components) and measure the expected risk paths. Thus, CIPCast can be valuable to Critical Infrastructure Operators and other Emergency Managers involved in a crisis assessment to evaluate the effect of natural and anthropic threats affecting critical assets and plan proper countermeasures to reduce the overall risk of degradation of services. The proposed methodology is evaluated in a real scenario, which utilizes several infrastructures and Points of Interest of the city of Rome.
Automatic data recording of unsaturation by quantitative hydrogenation (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic data recording of unsaturation by quantitative hydrogenationJ. J. SzakasitsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 14, 1708–1711Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50160a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50160a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure and heme-binding properties of HemQ (chlorite dismutase-like protein) from Listeria monocytogenes (2015)

Chlorite dismutase-like proteins are structurally closely related to functional chlorite dismutases which are heme b-dependent oxidoreductases capable of reducing chlorite to chloride with simultaneous production of dioxygen. Chlorite dismutase-like proteins are incapable of performing this reaction and their biological role is still under discussion. Recently, members of this large protein family were shown to be involved in heme biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria, and thus the protein was renamed HemQ in these organisms. In the present work the structural and heme binding properties of the chlorite dismutase-like protein from the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LmCld) were analyzed in order to evaluate its potential role as a regulatory heme sensing protein. The homopentameric crystal structure (2.0Å) shows high similarity to chlorite-degrading chlorite dismutases with an important difference in the structure of the putative substrate and heme entrance channel. In solution LmCld is a stable hexamer able to bind the low-spin ligand cyanide. Heme binding is reversible with KD-values determined to be 7.2μM (circular dichroism spectroscopy) and 16.8μM (isothermal titration calorimetry) at pH 7.0. Both acidic and alkaline conditions promote heme release. Presented biochemical and structural data reveal that the chlorite dismutase-like protein from L. monocytogenes could act as a potential regulatory heme sensing and storage protein within heme biosynthesis.
Stereoselective arylthiolation of dehydroalanine in the NiII coordination environment: the stereoinductor of choice (2021)

Arylthiolation of new dehydroalanine NiII Schiff-base complex containing (S)-2-[N-(N′-2,3-dichlorobenzylprolyl)amino]-5-chlorobenzophenone auxiliary affords (S,R)-cysteine derivatives in high chemical yield (65–88%) and with excellent diastereoselectivity (de up to 91%), which significantly exceeds that for the commonly used analogue depriving of three chlorine atoms.
The Influence of Topology and Glycosylation on the Fate of Heterologous Secretory Proteins Made in Xenopus Oocytes (1981)

Secretory proteins made in Xenopus laevis oocytes under the direction of heterologous messenger RNA are modified, topologically segregated and exported. Thus the oocyte may serve as a useful surrogate secretory system and we have studied some of the factors governing access to the export pathway. Unglycosylated chicken ovalbumin, synthesized and trapped in the cytosol, is not secreted but glycosylated ovalbumin, found sequestered within vesicles, is exported from oocytes. However, ovalbumin, which is transferred across the endoplasmic reticulum in the presence of tunicamycin and which is indistinguishable by immunoprecipitation, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and by concanavalin-A--Sepharose binding from the cytosolic form, is still secreted. Guinea-pig milk proteins and human interferon are also exported from tunicamycin-treated frog cells. These observations demonstrate that access to the endoplasmic reticulum but not glycosylation is a mandatory intermediate step in secretion, and emphasize the advantages of the oocyte as a surrogate system for the study of the later events in the gene expression pathway.
Management Of Heterogeneous Networks [Guest Editorial] (1998)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Comparison of earlobe and promontorium recording sites in electrocochleography (1977)

A compound cochlear action potential can be recorded in man from the promontorium, after perforation of the tympanic membrane. This same cochlear action potential (along with the responses of the brain stem auditory nuclei) can also be recorded by means of earlobe-vertex electrodes. Recordings were made in patients with chronic perforations of the tympanic membrane from the promontorium and simultaneously from the earlobe (-vertex) in order to see if there is a difference in response threshold. As click intensity was decreased, the responses disappeared in both recordings at about the same stimulus intensity (threshold). At near-threshold click intensities, the response seen in the promontorium recording was the compound cochlear action potential while in the earlobe vertex recording, the response often seen was seen was that from the inferior colliculus. Thus, in most cases, there is no real advantage to be gained by perforating the tympanic membrane in order to record from the promontorium since an identical response threshold can be obtained using surface electrodes.
Entanglement on mixed stabilizer states: normal forms and reduction procedures (2005)

The stabiliser formalism allows the efficient description of a sizeable class of pure as well as mixed quantum states of N-qubit systems. That same formalism has important applications in the field of quantum error correcting codes, where mixed stabiliser states correspond to projectors on subspaces associated with stabiliser codes. Here, we derive efficient reduction procedures to obtain various useful normal forms for stabiliser states. We explicitly prove that these procedures will always converge to the correct result and that these procedures are efficient in that they only require a polynomial number of operations on the generators of the stabilisers. We obtain two single-party normal forms. The simplest, the row-reduced echelon form, is useful to calculate partial traces of stabiliser states. The second is the fully reduced form and allows for the efficient calculation of the overlap between two stabiliser states, as well as of the Uhlmann fidelity between them, and their Bures distance. We also find a reduction procedure of bipartite stabiliser states, where the operations involved are restricted to be local ones. Using this two-party normal form, we prove that every bipartite mixed stabiliser state is locally equivalent to a direct product of a number of maximally entangled states and a separable state. Using this normal form we can efficiently calculate every reasonable bipartite entanglement measure of mixed stabiliser states.
High efficient 156 μm laser operation of Czochralski grown Er:Yb:Sr_3Y_2(BO_3)_4 crystal (2008)

An Er:Yb:Sr(3)Y(2)(BO(3))(4) crystal doped with 0.9 at.% Er(3+) and 18.6 at.% Yb(3+) ions was grown by the Czochralski method. End-pumped by diode laser at 970 nm in a hemispherical cavity, 1.3 W quasi-cw laser output around 1.56 microm was achieved in a 1.1-mm-thick Z-cut Er:Yb:Sr(3)Y(2)(BO(3))(4) crystal when the transmission of output coupler is 1.5%. The absorbed pump threshold and slop efficiency of the laser are 4.26 W and 20%, respectively. This crystal has flat and broad gain curve peaked around 1.56 microm, which shows that it is also a potential gain medium for tunable and short pulse lasers.
74‐1: Application of Transfer Technology to Manufacturing of Transmissive OLED and Reflective LC Hybrid (TR‐Hybrid) Display (2016)

Our previously established transfer technology using an inorganic separation layer was applied to enable a novel through electrode structure including a conductive material exposed after separation. Using this structure, we succeeded in fabricating a transmissive OLED and reflective LC hybrid display.
Supplementary Figure from Clinico-genomic Characterization of <i>ATM</i> and HRD in Pancreas Cancer: Application for Practice (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Clinico-genomic Characterization of &lt;i&gt;ATM&lt;/i&gt; and HRD in Pancreas Cancer: Application for Practice
Radiation Safety in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Is Our Responsibility (2020)

Heart Association.
Network modeling of the evolution of permeability and dilatancy in compact rock (1999)

Rock deformation and fluid transport are coupled together in many crustal settings. Nonhydrostatic stress can greatly affect pore structure and transport properties of a rock. When a compact rock is stressed to failure, dilatancy and permeability enhancement are generally observed whether the failure mode is brittle faulting or cataclastic flow. Laboratory data for the brittle faulting regime (in Westerly granite) and for the cataclastic flow regime (in Carrara marble and synthetic halite) are modeled. Dilatancy is simulated by incorporating an increasing number of stress‐induced microcracks with similar geometric attributes in a random network model, thus enhancing permeability. The microcracks are represented by sheet‐like conduits, with crack length and aspect ratio distributions constrained by microstructural data. Before the onset of dilatancy, a rock under overall compression has very low density of open cracks that occur in isolated clusters with relatively low connectivity. Nonhydrostatic loading induces damage in the form of extensile microcracks that gradually form a fully connected percolation network. Significant permeability increase of up to several orders of magnitude may occur in this percolative regime. Once the crack network is fully connected, the accumulation of additional cracks is not as effective in enhancing permeability, and our model predicts permeability and porosity changes to be linearly related in this fully connected regime. After accounting for the existence of fine cracks that are below the microscope resolution, our simulation results agree reasonably well with laboratory data.
Anatase TiO2 Nanorods as Cathode Materials for Aluminum-Ion Batteries (2019)

In view of the practical deployment of Al-ion batteries for &lt;em&gt;stationary&lt;/em&gt; energy &lt;em&gt;storage&lt;/em&gt;, novel and cost-efficient cathodes consisting of earth-abundant chemical elements are imperative. Titanium dioxide TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is an appealing candidate as a cathode material due to high natural reserves of the constituent elements as well as its nontoxicity and high chemical robustness. In this work, we assessed the potential of anatase TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanorods as a cathode material for Al-ion storage. This material delivers high capacities of 112-165 mAh g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at a current density of 50 mA g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in AlCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid electrolyte of various acidity. The mechanism of aluminum intercalation into anatase TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanorods and the related crystal structure changes were assessed by density functional theory, ex situ X-ray photoelectron and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies.
Determination of absolute configuration of ketamine enantiomers by HPLC-CD-UV technique (1999)

Recognizing that the stereochemical structure of NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine provides valuable data about the relationship between its conformation and absolute configuration by CD-UV analysis, a method for the identification of ketamine enantiomers is proposed which avoids the need for authentic samples of the enantiomers. The ketamine enantiomers were separated by HPLC using Chiralcel OJ stationary phase. The in situ registration of CD and UV spectra, together with the application of the octant rule for cyclohexanone derivatives, makes possible the direct assignment of the eluted ketamine enantiomers.
Gold(III)-induced oxidation of glycine† (1999)

NMR investigations of isotopically-labelled glycine show that AuIII induces deamination and subsequent decarboxylation of the amino acid with formation of glyoxylic acid, NH4+, formic acid, CO2 and metallic gold.
Gate-tunable resistance drops related to local superconducting gaps in thin TaS2 layers on SrTiO3 substrates (2023)

Strontium titanate [SrTiO3 (STO)], a perovskite oxide with an extremely high gate-tunable dielectric constant (ε) due to quantum paraelectric phases, is attracting considerable attention for yielding various physical phenomena when two-dimensional (2D) layers are integrated. Superconductivity is such a typical phenomenon. However, the influence of the STO substrates on enhancing transition temperatures (Tc) for (atomically) thin 2D flakes attached to them has been rarely investigated. Here, we report gate-tunable and gradual four-terminal resistance drops with critical onset T (TCR) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) spectra in devices comprising thin TaS2 flakes attached on monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) spacer/STO substrates. Observation of STS spectra confirms the presence of local superconducting gaps Δ (∼1.5 meV) with transition T (TΔC) three-times higher than previous reports of Tc under absent pressure and strong position dependence of Δ. Depending on Δ on back gate voltages (Vbg) and magnetic fields, there is a strong correlation between TCR and the onset Tc of superconductivity, implying an enhancement of approximately five times compared with the previous highest-onset Tc values without pressure as the applied Vbg increases. The high onset Tc and Δ are discussed based on screening of the long-range Coulomb interaction (CI) due to the high-ε of SrTiO3, while the short-ranged CI remains strong in the 2D limit, causing the superconductivity. Using a monolayer hBN/SrTiO3 substrate with Vbg opens doors to Tc enhancement in thin superconducting layers integrated on it and wide application due to the solid-state high-ε substrates.
Expert and crowdsourced annotation of pronunciation errors for automatic scoring systems (2015)

This paper evaluates and compares different approaches to collecting judgments about pronunciation accuracy of nonnative speech. We compare the common approach, which requires expert linguists to provide a detailed phonetic transcription of non-native English speech, with word-level judgments collected from multiple naive listeners using a crowdsourcing platform. In both cases we found low agreement between annotators on what words should be marked as errors. We compare the error detection task to a simple transcription task in which the annotators were asked to transcribe the same fragments using standard English spelling. We argue that the transcription task is a simpler and more practical way of collecting annotations which also leads to more valid data for training an automatic scoring system.
Toxic Effect of Cysteine Against Salmonella typhimurium (1980)

Cysteine was shown to be toxic to Salmonella typhimurium. The mechanism of this toxicity may be due, at least in part, to cysteine's ability to cause deoxyribonucleic acid strand scissions.
Transgenic expression of an immunologically privileged retinal antigen extraocularly enhances self tolerance and abrogates susceptibility to autoimmune uveitis (2000)

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is an immunologically privileged retinal antigen that can elicit experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). The nature and extent of tolerance to immunologically privileged self antigens is poorly understood. To investigate whether transgenic expression of IRBP extraocularly enhances tolerance and protects from EAU we prepared mice that express half of the mouse IRBP gene, containing a potent uveitogenic epitope (residues 161 - 180), under control of MHC class II promoter. Transgene mRNA was detectable in many tissues. Transgenic protein was undetectable by conventional assays, but was detected in thymic tissue by lymphocyte proliferation assay after induction of the promoter. Transgenic mice challenged with p161 - 180 did not develop EAU and had reduced immunological responses, but remained susceptible to EAU induced by whole IRBP, that contains additional uveitogenic epitopes. Disease was also induced by wild type T cells specific to p161 - 180. Thus, extraocular expression of a privileged retinal antigen enhances self tolerance, supporting the notion that sequestration contributes to immune privilege. Exceedingly low levels of transgene expression result in tolerance that is both profound and epitope specific, implying anergy or deletion of the endogenous uveitogenic repertoire. The same level of expression is, however, insufficient to tolerize wild-type effector T cells in the periphery.
P3‐222: In vitro and in vivo study of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/fluorescent contrast agent for detection in Alzheimer's disease (2010)

A new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/fluorescent contrast agent, DOTA-CAT, has been designed to detect a biological target. DOTA-CAT consists of a DOTA-caged metal ion, coupled to a cell-penetrating-peptide sequence and a Cathepsin-D (CatD) recognition site. CatD is a lysosomal protease found in elevated levels in amyloid plaques and neuronal cells of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A fluorescent probe, Oregon Green, was also attached to DOTA-CAT to monitor its uptake optically. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate detection of DOTA-CAT in the MRI environment using the on-resonance paramagnetic chemical exchange effect (OPARACHEE) and optically in AD mouse models. The OPARACHEE contrast of the agent was studied in 5% cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA), which simulates tissue. OPARACHEE contrast was defined as the difference between the bulk water signal intensity change with and without agent present. Images were acquired on a 9.4 Tesla MRI using a fast spin echo pulse sequence (Field of view = 25.6x25.6 mm2, data matrix: 256x256, repetition time = 4 s, echo time = 10 ms, echo train length = 4 and 2 averages), preceded by a 0.24 second 6.0 microtesla WALTZ-16 pulse train at 23C. A reference image was also acquired without the WALTZ-16 preparation pulse. Cranial openings were produced in 12-month old Alzheimer's Precursor Protein (APP) mice (n = 5) to expose the brain cortex. To verify agent uptake in-vivo, tail vein injections of 1 mM DOTA-CAT were performed to monitor agent uptake and washout in the brain cortex using in-vivo confocal microscopy. The OPARACHEE contrast generated as a function of DOTA-CAT concentration in 5% BSA is shown in Figure 1. A 1% OPARACHEE contrast required ˜1.5 mM DOTA-CAT. In optical experiments, DOTA-CAT was observed on the surface of the brain within 5 seconds of injection and signal remained for at least 30 minutes (Figure 1).
Performance of belief propagation coded modulation with iterative decoding (2004)

We consider bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding for bandwidth-efficient transmission over Rayleigh fading channel. A serially concatenated iterative scheme (BPCM-ID) combining low-density parity-check codes (LDPC) with multilevel modulation is proposed. Differing from other serially concatenated iterative decoding schemes, the whole iterative process of BPCM-ID is divided into outer iteration and inner iteration to avoid too much error feedback to the demapper which may cause severe degradation of decoding performance. It helps to improve the robustness of the system. Another advantage, in contrast to using convolutional codes or turbo codes, is its low complexity while maintaining high BER performance because the check equations are used to terminate the both iterations. We also study the different mapping constellations for 16-QAM. Simulations show that BPCM-ID can achieve not only large coded gains but also diversity with robust convergence performance and low complexity.
Understanding Environmental Leachability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (2000)

Dust from production of steel in an electric arc furnace (EAF) contains a mixture of elements that pose a challenge for both recovery and disposal. This paper relates the leachability of six Canadian EAF dusts in four leaching tests [distilled water, Ontario Regulation 347 Leachate Extraction Procedure, Amount Available for Leaching (AALT), and pH 5 Stat] to their mineralogy. Chromium and nickel contaminants in EAF dust are largely unleachable (<5% available in AALT and pH 5 Stat), as they are found with the predominant spinel ferrite phase in EAF dust. However, even a small proportion of oxidized chromium can result in significant leachate concentrations of highly toxic chromate. The leachability of zinc (7–50% available), lead (2–17% available), and cadmium (9–55% available) can be significant, as large fractions of these contaminants are found as chlorides and oxides. The leaching of these metals is largely controlled by pH. The acid neutralization capacity of the EAF dusts appeared to be controlled by dissolution of lime and zincite, and results from regulatory leaching tests can be misleading because the variable acid neutralization capacity of EAF dusts can lead to very different final leachate pHs (5–12.4). A more informative approach would be to evaluate the total amounts of contaminants available in the long term, and the acid neutralization capacity.