gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMDA Receptor‐Mediated Neurotoxicity: A Paradoxical Requirement for Extracellular Mg2+ in Na+/Ca2+‐Free Solutions in Rat Cortical Neurons In Vitro (1997)

Accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ is known to be critically important for the expression of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate neurotoxicity. We have observed, however, that glutamate can also increase the neuronal intracellular Mg2+ concentration on activation of NMDA receptors. Here, we used conditions that elevate intracellular Mg2+ content independently of Ca2+ to investigate the potential role of Mg2+ in excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons in vitro. In Ca2+-free solutions in which the Na+ was replaced by N-methyl-D-glucamine or Tris (but not choline), which also contained 9 mM Mg2+, exposure to 100 microM glutamate or 200 microM NMDA for 20 min produced delayed neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicity was correlated to the extracellular Mg2+ concentration and could be blocked by addition of NMDA receptor antagonists during, but not immediately following, agonist exposure. Finally, we observed that rat cortical neurons grown under different serum conditions develop an altered sensitivity to Mg2+-dependent NMDA receptor-mediated toxicity. Thus, the increase in intracellular Mg2+ concentration following NMDA receptor stimulation may be an underestimated component critical for the expression of certain forms of excitotoxic injury.
Covert underwater acoustic communication using whale noise masking on DSSS signal (2013)

A biological mimicry method for covert underwater acoustic communication (UAC) is presented. This is useful in clandestine communication where the contents of transmission and/or location of transmitter are required to be concealed. In this scheme, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal which carries information is masked underneath a relatively louder whale sound in time and frequency domain. Instead of reducing signal level to a minimum, the masked communication signal is allowed to be detected but it could easily be excluded in the process of recognition/classification by an adversary. This is because the received signal resembles sounds emitted by whales and the information signal is masked by the loud whale noise. The designed communication frame structure for this scheme and coherent interference cancelation method for separation of whale sound and DSSS signal is also given. A virtual time reversal mirror (VTRM) equalization method is adopted for focusing energy of DSSS signal while accurate channel estimation is realized by the high SNR whale sound using matching pursuit (MP) technique. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been presented by the results of simulations.
Nanoscale programmable sequence-specific patterning of DNA scaffolds using RecA protein (2012)

Molecular self-assembly inherent to many biological molecules, in conjunction with suitable molecular scaffolds to facilitate programmable positioning of nanoscale objects, offers a promising approach for the integration of functional nanoscale complexes into macroscopic host devices. Here, we report the use of the protein RecA as a means of highly efficient programmable patterning of double-stranded (ds)DNA molecules with molecular-scale precision at specific locations along the DNA strand. RecA proteins form nucleoprotein filaments with single-stranded (ss)DNA molecules, which are chosen to be of sequence homologous to the desired binding region on the dsDNA scaffold. We show that the patterning yield can be in excess of 85% and we demonstrate that concurrent patterning of multiple locations on the same dsDNA scaffold can be achieved with separation between the assembled nucleoprotein filaments of less than 4 nm. This is an important prerequisite for this programmable and flexible DNA scaffold patterning technique to be employed in molecular- and nanoscale assembly applications.
A young woman with multiple kidney lesions. (2010)

The patient is a 26-year-old woman with a complex oncologic history. At 1 year of age, she was diagnosed with a stage III abdominal neuroblastoma, which was treated, and again at age 9, she had a recurrence of neuroblastoma in the left axilla. She was in her usual state of good health until 18 months ago, when she presented with hematuria and was found to have a right-sided kidney mass.
KLF4 as a Mediator of Quiescence in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. (2004)

Abstract At any given time, only a very small fraction of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in an organism are actively dividing; the vast majority of these cells remain in a quiescent state. HSCs can escape this quiescent state to self-renew and give rise to progenitor cells (HPCs), which expand rapidly to form all of the mature progeny cells of the lympho-hematopoietic system. Despite the centrality of quiescence in hematopoiesis, the mechanisms by which quiescence is regulated are largely unknown. Several studies have shown that p21CIP/WAF1 is required for cell cycle arrest of HSCs, and deletion of p21 results in an increase in HSC pool size. However, little is known about the pathways upstream of p21. Recently, we identified 81 genes that were highly over-expressed by normal HSC-enriched CD34+/CD38− cells compared to HPC-enriched CD34+/CD38+ cells. One of the HSC-over-expressed genes was Krupple-Like Factor 4 (KLF4), a member of the Kruppel-like transcription factor family. KLF4 has been associated with a quiescent phenotype in T and B lymphocytes, and exogenous expression of KLF4 induces growth arrest in a colon cancer cell line. It has been shown that KLF4 is an important mediator of p21 in the G1/S cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. Thus, we hypothesized that KLF4 is an important upstream regulator of HSPC quiescence via p21. To begin to test this, we designed a dual promoter self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector that expressed KLF4 under the control of the EF1α promoter and GFP under the CMV promoter. We transduced primary mouse bone marrow (BM) Lin− or human cord blood (CB) CD34+ HSPCs, and purified the resulting successfully transduced GFP+ cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. KLF4-transduced human or mouse HPCs displayed a major reduction in colony forming capacity, as compared to either GFP− HPCs transduced with the vector containing KLF4 and GFP or HPCs transduced with the parental control vector expressing only GFP (Fig 1 shows representative experiments). In suspension cultures, KLF4-transduced cell populations generated fewer total cells, accompanied by an increase in apoptic/necrotic cells. In the KLF4-transduced cells, a higher percent were CD34+. These results are consistent with KLF4 inhibiting HPC differentiation and inducing a p21-like pathway with cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Further investigation of KLF4 cellular and molecular actions may not only lead to enhanced understanding of the molecular basis of HSPC quiescence, but also to novel methods for expansion of normal HSPCs. Figure Figure
Evidence for thermalization of surface-desorbed molecules at heating rates of 108 K/s (1996)

Laser desorption of aniline-d7 from a single-crystal surface (0001) of sapphire (Al2O3) at a heating rate on the order of 108 K/s was studied using pulsed infrared laser radiation for desorption and resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) for detection of the desorbed aniline molecules. On the basis of single-vibronic-level fluorescence (SVLF) spectra we unambigiously assign the 10b transition. REMPI spectroscopy provides vibrational temperatures and therefore describes the internal energy distribution, whereas the time-of-flight (TOF) profiles provide translational temperatures. All results are consistent with a thermal mechanism for desorption, i.e., pulsed heating of the sapphire surface on the nanosecond time scale leads to thermal desorption and rapid thermalization of the escaping molecules.
The Effect of Powertrain Sound on Perceived Vehicle Performance (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One factor believed to influence a customer's perception of vehicle performance is the powertrain sound. However, its influence relative to other factors, such as vehicle acceleration or transmission shift characteristics, remains largely unknown. Past studies of performance perception have either neglected the effect of powertrain sound, studied its effect independent of other factors (e.g., listening to powertrain sounds over headphones), or have confounded its effect with other factors. In this paper, we describe an in-vehicle system for methodically studying the influence of powertrain sound on a customer's perception of performance. The system is beneficial in that it allows the experimenter to electronically modify the sound associated with the powertrain while not affecting other possible performance factors. Results from a corresponding experiment are also presented, in which customers rated their perceived performance of the powertrain sounds. These results suggest that the synthesized powertrain sounds affect performance impressions, and can be used in a planned in-vehicle experiment.&lt;/div&gt;
MoMo: Momentum Models for Adaptive Learning Rates (2023)

Training a modern machine learning architecture on a new task requires extensive learning-rate tuning, which comes at a high computational cost. Here we develop new Polyak-type adaptive learning rates that can be used on top of any momentum method, and require less tuning to perform well. We first develop MoMo, a Momentum Model based adaptive learning rate for SGD-M (stochastic gradient descent with momentum). MoMo uses momentum estimates of the losses and gradients sampled at each iteration to build a model of the loss function. Our model makes use of any known lower bound of the loss function by using truncation, e.g. most losses are lower-bounded by zero. The model is then approximately minimized at each iteration to compute the next step. We show how MoMo can be used in combination with any momentum-based method, and showcase this by developing MoMo-Adam, which is Adam with our new model-based adaptive learning rate. We show that MoMo attains a $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{K})$ convergence rate for convex problems with interpolation, needing knowledge of no problem-specific quantities other than the optimal value. Additionally, for losses with unknown lower bounds, we develop on-the-fly estimates of a lower bound, that are incorporated in our model. We show that MoMo and MoMo-Adam improve over SGD-M and Adam in terms of robustness to hyperparameter tuning for training image classifiers on MNIST, CIFAR, and Imagenet, for recommender systems on Criteo, for a transformer model on the translation task IWSLT14, and for a diffusion model.
Novel Adsorption Behavior of Nestled C14AsF6 (2000)

Abstract Stage-1 nestled C14AsF6 and un-nestled CxAsF6 (x=10) were prepared by the reaction of graphite with O2AsF6 or AsF5/F2, and novel adsorption behavior of nestled C14AsF16 are discussed.
Sports, exercise, and fitness: a guide to reference and information sources (2005)

Acknowledgments Introduction General Sports Sources The Olympic Games Aquatic Sports Nautical Sports Precision and Accuracy Sports Ice and Snow Sports Racquet Sports Small Ball Sports Large Ball Sports Combat Sports Track and Field, Multidisciplinary Sports, and Gymnastics Cycling and Equestrian Sports Extreme Sports and Motor Sports Mountaineering, Fishing, Camping, Hiking Health and Wellness Specific Exercise and Fitness Activities
Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles Decorated with Au Quantum Dots as Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of Copper(II) Ions (2016)

Anomalous ingestion of copper has significant adverse effects and shows acute toxicity in living organisms. Recently, photoelectrochemical (PEC) method has attracted much attention as a platform for a Cu2+ ion sensor because of its high sensitivity, selectivity, low-cost, and accurate selection compared to other conventional methods. In this work, stepwise hydrothermal and in situ chemical approaches for synthesizing cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) for decorating gold quantum dots (Au QDs) are presented, along with notable PEC performance. The amount of Au QDs loaded on the CdS NPs had a significant influence on the PEC performance. CdS NPs-Au QDs-2 with 1.0 mmol % Au QDs demonstrated an exceptional photocurrent density of 350.6 μA cm–2, which was 3.7-, 2.2-, and 2.0-fold higher than those of CdS NPs, CdS NPs-Au QDs-1 (0.75 mmol %), and CdS NPs-Au QDs-3 (1.25 mmol %), respectively. Femtosecond transient absorption dynamics of the ground state recovery showed a buildup time of 243 fs for Au and 268 fs for CdS, which were assigned to cooling of the photoexcited electrons. For CdS NPs-Au QDs, the transient spectrum was dominated by a signal from CdS with no contribution from Au. The fast buildup dynamic was absent in CdS-Au, indicating a rapid transfer of the photoexcited electrons from CdS to Au before cooling down. Unquestionably, the CdS NPs-Au QDs-2 photoelectrode response upon Cu2+ detection showed the lowest limit of detection of 6.73 nM in a linear range of 0.5–120 nM. The selectivity of CdS NPs-Au QDs-2 toward Cu2+ ions in lake and tap water was also studied, which suggested that CdS NPs-Au QDs-2 is promising as a photoactive material for PEC-based environmental monitoring and analysis.
Stable Porous Organic Polymers Used for Reversible Adsorption and Efficient Separation of Trace SO2 (2022)

The development of porous solid adsorbents for selective adsorption and separation of SO<sub>2</sub> has attracted much attention recently. Herein, we design porous organic polymers (POPs) decorated with pyridine ligands as building units (POP-Py) through a radical polymerization of the 2,5-divinylpyridine (v-Py) monomer. Due to its high BET surface area, nanoporosity, and excellent stability, the prepared POP-Py can be used for reversible adsorption and efficient separation of SO<sub>2</sub>. The POP-Py possesses a SO<sub>2</sub> capacity of 10.8 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 298 K and 1.0 bar, which can be well retained after 6 recycles, showing an excellent reversible adsorption capacity. The POP-Py also shows superior separation performance for SO<sub>2</sub> from a ternary SO<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> mixture (0.17/15/84.83v%), giving a breakthrough time and a saturated SO<sub>2</sub> capacity at 178 min g<sup>-1</sup> and 0.4 mmol g<sup>-1</sup>. The retention time was well maintained even under high moisture conditions, confirming its superior water resistance. Furthermore, when other vinyl-functionalized organic ligand monomers (bipyridine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine) were employed for radical polymerization, all of the resultant porous organic ligand polymers (POP-BPy, POP-PyI, and POP-PyA) exhibited superior performance for reversible adsorption and efficient separation of SO<sub>2</sub>. The combined features of reversible adsorption, efficient separation, and water resistance are important for the industrial applications of these materials as SO<sub>2</sub> adsorbents.
The effect of a high dose of 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in growing lambs (1997)

The effect of a high dose of 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB, a leucine catabolite) on protein metabolism was investigated in growing male lambs fed on hay and concentrate. Concentrate was supplemented with either Ca(HMB)2 (4 g/kg) or Ca(CO3)2 in experimental (HMB) and control groups respectively. Both groups consisted of six 2-month old lambs. Three complementary methods to study protein metabolism were carried out consecutively 2.5 months after beginning the dietary treatment: whole body phenylalanine fluxes, postprandial plasma free amino acid time course and fractional rates of protein synthesis in skeletal muscles. Feeding a high dose of HMB led to a significant increase in some plasma free amino acids compared with controls. Total, oxidative and non-oxidative phenylalanine fluxes were not modified by dietary HMB supplementation. Similarly, an acute infusion of HMB, in the control group, did not change these fluxes. In skeletal muscles, fractional rates of protein synthesis were not affected by long-term dietary supplementation with HMB. Taken together our results showed that administration of a high dose of HMB to lambs was able to modify plasma free amino acid pattern without any effect on whole-body protein turnover and skeletal muscle protein synthesis.
Synergy between 5‐HT4 receptor activation and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in human colon and rat forestomach (2008)

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT4) receptor agonists increase gastrointestinal (GI) motility by enhancing enteric acetylcholine release which is then metabolized by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to inactive metabolites. As both AChE inhibitors and, more usually, 5-HT4 receptor agonists are used to increase GI motility, an understanding of how these two different types of drugs might interact becomes of great importance. Our aim was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of AChE inhibition will synergise with the ability of 5-HT4 receptor agonism to increase cholinergic activity, leading to an effect greater than that evoked by each action alone. We tested the activity of the 5-HT4 receptor agonist, prucalopride (10 nmol L(-1)-30 micromol L(-1)) and an AChE inhibitor, neostigmine (1 nmol L(-1)-10 micromol L(-1)) on cholinergically mediated contractions elicited by electrical field stimulation of human isolated colon circular muscle and rat isolated forestomach longitudinal strips. The experiments with human colon were performed in the presence of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, 300 micromol L(-1)). Prucalopride and neostigmine both enhanced cholinergic contractions in both tissues. The effect of prucalopride was inhibited in both tissues by SB-204070, a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist. In the presence of a minimum effective concentration of neostigmine (30 nmol L(-1)) and a submaximum concentration of prucalopride (3 micromol L(-1)) the enhancement of contractions was greater than either compound alone in both tissues. These data demonstrate that the combination of prucalopride and neostigmine potentiate cholinergic contractions more than their arithmetic sum of their individual values. The results suggest that a synergy between 5-HT4 receptor agonism and AChE inhibition could be established pharmacologically which could be utilized as a novel prokinetic approach to functional GI disorders.
Collisions of room-temperature helium with ultracold lithium and the van der Waals bound state of HeLi (2020)

We have computed the thermally averaged total, elastic rate coefficient for the collision of a room-temperature helium atom with an ultracold lithium atom. This rate coefficient has been computed as part of the characterization of a cold-atom vacuum sensor based on laser-cooled <sup>6</sup>Li or <sup>7</sup>Li atoms that will operate in the ultrahigh-vacuum (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>-6</sup> Pa) and extreme-high-vacuum (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>-10</sup> Pa) regimes. The analysis involves computing the <i>X</i> <sup>2</sup> Σ<sup>+</sup> HeLi Born-Oppenheimer potential followed by the numerical solution of the relevant radial Schrodinger equation. The potential is computed using a single-reference-coupled-cluster electronic-structure method with basis sets of different completeness in order to characterize our uncertainty budget. We predict that the rate coefficient for a 300 K helium gas and a 1 <i>μ</i>K Li gas is 1.467(13) × 10<sup>-9</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/s for <sup>4</sup>He + <sup>6</sup>Li and 1.471(13) × 10<sup>-9</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/s for <sup>4</sup>He + <sup>7</sup>Li, where the numbers in parentheses are the one-standard-deviation uncertainties in the last two significant digits. We quantify the temperature dependence as well. Finally, we evaluate the <i>s</i>-wave scattering length and binding of the single van der Waals bound state of HeLi. We predict that this weakly bound level has a binding energy of -0.0064(43) × <i>hc</i> cm<sup>-1</sup> and -0.0122(67) × <i>hc</i> cm<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>4</sup>He<sup>6</sup>Li and <sup>4</sup>He<sup>7</sup>Li, respectively. The calculated binding energy of <sup>4</sup>He<sup>7</sup>Li is consistent with the sole experimental determination.
HEPATIC TRANSPLANTATION (1980)

This report reviews experience with 97 patients given liver transplants. We regard out survival statistics as unsatisfactory, but fell they should encourage further work since 22 patients have survived at least one year with a maximum survival of 5 13 YEARS. The Achilles' heel of liver transplantation os bile duct reconstruction. We presently rely upon Roux-en-Y reconstruction, or alternatively, duct-to-duct anastomosis with a T-tube stent. The prime indication for liver replacement is non-neoplastic liver disease, but a favourable malignancy for treatment may prove to be small intrahepatic duct cell carcinomas.
Electronic, Magnetic, and Structural Properties of Sr 2 MnRuO 6 and LaSrMnRuO 6 Double Perovskites (2008)

The perovskites Sr 2 MnRuO 6 and LaSrMnRuO 6 have been investigated and their properties compared with those of the broader family of A 2 MRuO 6 double perovskites (A=Sr, La; M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Neutron powder diffraction shows that both phases lack long‐range Mn/Ru order. Sr 2 MnRuO 6 exhibits a cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion, conductivity that proceeds via variable‐range hopping, and antiferromagnetic (AFM) order (C‐type structure, T N ≅200K, 2.05(1) μ B per transition metal). LaSrMnRuO 6 exhibits nearly undistorted octahedra, conductivity that proceeds via diffusion‐assisted small‐polaron hopping, and ferromagnetic (FM) order ( T C ≅220K, 1.60(4) μ B transition metal). Band structure calculations show that AFM Mn–O–Ru coupling optimizes polarization of the Ru t 2 g orbitals, while FM coupling favors delocalization of the Ru t 2 g electrons. The transition from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism is linked to a loss of orbital order and stabilized over competing glassy states by delocalization of Ru t 2 g electrons.
Evaluation of a Direct Contact Downhole Steam Generator in a Field Environment—Final Results (1983)

ABSTRACT A test program to demonstrate the operation of downhole steam generators (DSG) in an oil field environment was conducted in the Wilmington Field at Long Beach, CA. Two DSG design variations were used. One burned diesel fuel in air and was placed downhole; the other burned diesel in oxygen and was located on the surface. Gas communication was established with all wells in the production patterns. Relative rates of movement of nitrogen, CO2 and CO were inferred and the wells were monitored for any production changes. Operating lifetimes of both prototype units were limited by the corrosion of various system components. Metallurgical analyses of degraded components of the generator and support systems have been completed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photolysis of a Series of Substituted Aroyl Nitrogen Ylides: Development of Photo‐Cross‐Linking and Photolabeling Reagents. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.