gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IEEE-1588(Trademark) Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems (2002)

This paper discusses the major features and design objectives of the IEEE-1588 standard. Recent performance results of prototype implementations of this standard in an Ethernet environment are presented. Potential areas of application of this standard are outlined.
Passive optical self-limiter using laser-induced axially asymmetric and symmetric transverse self-phase modulations in nematic liquid crystals (1986)

Using low-power cw lasers in conjunction with the symmetric and asymmetric nonlinear transverse self-phase modulation imparted by a nematic liquid-crystal film, we have demonstrated two forms of transverse intensity-switching and power-limiting operations. Applications to high-power nanosecond laser are also feasible.
Identification of CD4+ T Cell Epitopes in C. burnetii Antigens Targeted by Antibody Responses (2011)

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium that causes acute Q fever and chronic infections in humans. A killed, whole cell vaccine is efficacious, but vaccination can result in severe local or systemic adverse reactions. Although T cell responses are considered pivotal for vaccine derived protective immunity, the epitope targets of CD4(+) T cell responses in C. burnetii vaccination have not been elucidated. Since mapping CD4(+) epitopes in a genome with over 2,000 ORFs is resource intensive, we focused on 7 antigens that were known to be targeted by antibody responses. 117 candidate peptides were selected from these antigens based on bioinformatics predictions of binding to the murine MHC class II molecule H-2 IA(b). We screened these peptides for recognition by IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T cell in phase I C. burnetii whole cell vaccine (PI-WCV) vaccinated C57BL/6 mice and identified 8 distinct epitopes from four different proteins. The identified epitope targets account for 8% of the total vaccination induced IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T cells. Given that less than 0.4% of the antigens contained in C. burnetii were screened, this suggests that prioritizing antigens targeted by antibody responses is an efficient strategy to identify at least a subset of CD4(+) targets in large pathogens. Finally, we examined the nature of linkage between CD4(+) T cell and antibody responses in PI-WCV vaccinated mice. We found a surprisingly non-uniform pattern in the help provided by epitope specific CD4(+) T cells for antibody production, which can be specific for the epitope source antigen as well as non-specific. This suggests that a complete map of CD4(+) response targets in PI-WCV vaccinated mice will likely include antigens against which no antibody responses are made.
Phage Genome Diversity in a Biogas-Producing Microbiome Analyzed by Illumina and Nanopore GridION Sequencing (2022)

The microbial biogas network is complex and intertwined, and therefore relatively stable in its overall functionality. However, if key functional groups of microorganisms are affected by biotic or abiotic factors, the entire efficacy may be impaired. Bacteriophages are hypothesized to alter the steering process of the microbial network. In this study, an enriched fraction of virus-like particles was extracted from a mesophilic biogas reactor and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq and Nanopore GridION sequencing platforms. Metagenome data analysis resulted in identifying 375 metagenome-assembled viral genomes (MAVGs). Two-thirds of the classified sequences were only assigned to the superkingdom <i>Viruses</i> and the remaining third to the family <i>Siphoviridae</i>, followed by <i>Myoviridae</i>, <i>Podoviridae</i>, <i>Tectiviridae</i>, and <i>Inoviridae</i>. The metavirome showed a close relationship to the phage genomes that infect members of the classes <i>Clostridia</i> and <i>Bacilli</i>. Using publicly available biogas metagenomic data, a fragment recruitment approach showed the widespread distribution of the MAVGs studied in other biogas microbiomes. In particular, phage sequences from mesophilic microbiomes were highly similar to the phage sequences of this study. Accordingly, the virus particle enrichment approach and metavirome sequencing provided additional genome sequence information for novel virome members, thus expanding the current knowledge of viral genetic diversity in biogas reactors.
Trichloromethyltrimethylsilane, Sodium Formate, and Dimethylformamide: A Mild, Efficient, and General Method for the Preparation of Trimethylsilyl‐Protected 2,2,2‐Trichloromethylcarbinols from Aldehydes and Ketones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Study of the Effect of Kosmotropic and Chaotropic Ions on the Release Characteristics of Lignin Microcapsules under Stimuli-Responsive Conditions (2019)

Stimuli-responsive behavior of lignin microcapsules (LMCs) has been investigated along with the detailed characterization of their stability profiles. The disassembly of LMCs was found to be salt species-dependent, indicating the specific relevance of inherent kosmotropic and chaotropic characteristics. For the first time, a connection between the Hofmeister series and the stability profile of lignin microscale materials is established. LMCs showed excellent stability in water and under high temperature and pressure (autoclaving conditions). Active release is efficiently triggered by pH changes and balancing chaotropic and kosmotropic effects via salinity tuning.
The new development in genetic studies of type 1 diabetes mellitus (2010)

Type 1 diabetes, a complex genetic disease, is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. After excluding the five susceptibility loci discovered by genetic linkage studies and candidate-gene association studies, more than 30 new susceptibility loci have been found to be related with type 1 diabetes as a result of genome-wide association study.

Key words: 
Diabetes mellitus, type 1;  Susceptibility loci;  Genome-wide association study;  Polymorphism,single nucleotide
Enhanced Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Adhesion and Growth on Segmented Poly(ether ester)s Based on Poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(butylene terephthalate) (2002)

In previous studies in rats and goats, hydrophilic compositions of the PEOT/PBT block copolymer family have shown in vivo calcification and bone bonding. These copolymers are therefore interesting candidates as scaffolding materials in bone tissue engineering applications. Model studies using goat bone marrow stromal cells, however, showed that it was not possible to culture bone marrow stromal cells in vitro on these hydrophilic copolymers. In this paper two ways of surface modifying these materials to improve in vitro bone marrow stromal cell attachment and growth are discussed. Two different approaches are described: (1) blending of hydroxyapatite (HA) followed by CO(2) gas plasma etching; (2) surface modification using CO(2) gas plasma treatments. It was observed that not only HA but also the CO(2) plasma treatment by itself has a positive effect on bone marrow stromal cell attachment and growth. Gas plasma treatment appeared to be the most successful approach, resulting in a large increase in the amount of bone marrow stromal cells present on the surface (determined by a DNA assay). The amount of DNA present on the plasma-treated copolymer 1000/70/30 PEOT/PBT, based on poly(ethylene oxide, M(w) = 1000, 70 m% soft segment), was comparable to the amount present on PDLLA and significantly higher than the amount present on PCL after 7 days of cell culturing. The fact that after gas plasma treatment bone marrow stromal cells do attach to PEOT/PBT copolymers, enables in vitro bone marrow stromal cell culturing, making bone tissue engineering applications of these materials possible.
Supplementary Methods from p21-Activated Kinase 1 Is Required for Efficient Tumor Formation and Progression in a Ras-Mediated Skin Cancer Model (2023)

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Antimicrobial activity of cotton and silk fabric with herbal extract by micro encapsulation (2010)

To explore the antimicrobial activity of microcapsules encapsulated with mixture of herbs like neem, tulsi and turmeric, and its application on cellulosic fabric in the form of microcapsules. The microcapsules were prepared from the mixture of herbs by plain diffusion method, a natural encapsulation technique with yeast and applied on cotton and silk fabric by pad-dry-cure method. The microcapsules were fixed on cotton and silk fabric using the binder UF Silpure FBR-5(PA)B at 120 °C. The antimicrobial activities of the finished fabric were assessed by using three types of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas. The results of antimicrobial activity from the tests including parallel streak method and disc diffusion method showed that activity of the mixture of herbs was very effective among the three types of bacteria selected, and the antimicrobial activity of prepared microcapsule against Pseudomonas was very good. The herbal microcapsule treated fabric could be applied in the field of medicine. The scanning electron microscope photographs ensure the fixing of the microcapsules firmly in the yarn structure of plain woven cotton and silk fabric.
EXPLAIN-IT (2019)

The application of unsupervised learning approaches, and in particular of clustering techniques, represents a powerful exploration means for the analysis of network measurements. Discovering underlying data characteristics, grouping similar measurements together, and identifying eventual patterns of interest are some of the applications which can be tackled through clustering. Being unsupervised, clustering does not always provide precise and clear insight into the produced output, especially when the input data structure and distribution are complex and difficult to grasp. In this paper we introduce EXPLAIN-IT, a methodology which deals with unlabeled data, creates meaningful clusters, and suggests an explanation to the clustering results for the end-user. EXPLAIN-IT relies on a novel explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach, which allows to understand the reasons leading to a particular decision of a supervised learning-based model, additionally extending its application to the unsupervised learning domain. We apply EXPLAIN-IT to the problem of YouTube video quality classification under encrypted traffic scenarios, showing promising results.
Knowledge-Driven Resource Allocation for D2D Networks: A WMMSE Unrolled Graph Neural Network Approach (2023)

This paper proposes an novel knowledge-driven approach for resource allocation in device-to-device (D2D) networks using a graph neural network (GNN) architecture. To meet the millisecond-level timeliness and scalability required for the dynamic network environment, our proposed approach incorporates the deep unrolling of the weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) algorithm, referred to as domain knowledge, into GNN, thereby reducing computational delay and sample complexity while adapting to various data distributions. Specifically, the aggregation and update functions in the GNN architecture are designed by utilizing the summation and power calculation components of the WMMSE algorithm, which leads to improved model generalization and interpretabiliy. Theoretical analysis of the proposed approach reveals its capability to simplify intricate end-to-end mappings and diminish the model exploration space, resulting in increased network expressiveness and enhanced optimization performance. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness, scalability, and strong performance of the proposed knowledge-driven resource allocation approach across diverse communication topologies without retraining. Our findings contribute to the development of efficient and scalable wireless resource management solutions for distributed and dynamic networks with strict latency requirements.
An irreducible dislocation of the great toe. Report of two cases and review of the literature. (1988)

Irreducible dislocation of an interphalangeal (IP) joint of the great toe is a rare condition. Twenty-two cases including the present two cases are reported in available literature. Two different types are identifiable. In one type, where the ruptured volar plate is displaced into the joint space between two phalanges, the toe is slightly elongated, but the deformity of the toe is not so marked. In the other type, where the volar plate is completely displaced over the proximal phalangeal neck, the deformity of the toe is extreme as the IP joint is locked in hyperextension. In the former type, the dislocation is often misinterpreted to have been repositioned manually because of relatively slight deformity. In either type of dislocation, the volar plate is detached from both the distal and proximal phalanges, and so displaced into the joint, as to form a barrier to manual repositioning. Open reduction is mandatory.
An improved model for predicting fatigue-crack propagation behaviors in multiple solder bumps on a BGA package (2013)

A previously developed model for predicting the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in a solder bump on a BGA package has now been improved by switching to the use of a commercial structural analysis code, ADVENTURECluster, which supports large-scale nonlinear finite-element analysis based on parallel processing and the implicit method. The improved model can predict fatigue-crack-propagation behavior in dozens of solder joints in one analysis. The results of testing this improved “modified accumulated damage model” were in good agreement with experimental results, indicating that the improved model can accurately predict the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in multiple solder bumps and predict the fatigue life of each solder bump on a BGA package.
Serotonergic Innervations of the Orbitofrontal and Medial-prefrontal Cortices are Differentially Involved in Visual Discrimination and Reversal Learning in Rats (2020)

Cross-species studies have identified an evolutionarily conserved role for serotonin in flexible behavior including reversal learning. The aim of the current study was to investigate the contribution of serotonin within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to visual discrimination and reversal learning. Male Lister Hooded rats were trained to discriminate between a rewarded (A+) and a nonrewarded (B-) visual stimulus to receive sucrose rewards in touchscreen operant chambers. Serotonin was depleted using surgical infusions of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), either globally by intracebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions or locally by microinfusions into the OFC or mPFC. Rats that received i.c.v. infusions of 5,7-DHT before initial training were significantly impaired during both visual discrimination and subsequent reversal learning during which the stimulus-reward contingencies were changed (A- vs. B+). Local serotonin depletion from the OFC impaired reversal learning without affecting initial discrimination. After mPFC depletion, rats were unimpaired during reversal learning but slower to respond at the stimuli during all the stages; the mPFC group was also slower to learn during discrimination than the OFC group. These findings extend our understanding of serotonin in cognitive flexibility by revealing differential effects within two subregions of the prefrontal cortex in visual discrimination and reversal learning.
Audiological outcomes after cochlear implantation in a patient with Melnick-Needles syndrome (2008)

This is the first report on a successful cochlear implantation in a patient suffering from the Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS). This case study presents an MNS patient with peri-lingual profound hearing loss, implanted at the age of 38. MNS is a rare X-linked genetic bony dysplasia characterized by skeletal and facial abnormalities. Various soft tissue defects and hearing loss have also been described in MNS; however, this is the first report on bilateral inner ear malformation as a phenotypic feature of MNS. At 15 months after cochlear implantation there was 91% speech identification in open-set monosyllabic CVC test. In noise, the results obtained with the CVC lists were the following: 67% for SNR +15 dB, 52% for SNR +10 dB and 36% for SNR +5 dB. The patient is able to discriminate the differences in all 22 phoneme pairs in the APE phoneme discrimination test. This allows the patient to obtain significant communication ability through the telephone. Conclusions are as follows. 1) Bilateral inner ear malformations and bilateral profound perceptive hearing loss possibly belong to the phenotypic features of MNS. 2) Cochlear implant is potentially a good functional solution for patients suffering from MNS and profound hearing loss. 3) Exceptionally good results on auditory performance have been obtained in this MNS patient with peri-lingual profound hearing loss and almost 36 years duration of deafness.
An Embedded Wireless Temperature Sensor for Orthopedic Implants (2017)

A wireless and passive (battery free) temperature sensor that can be embedded inside an orthopedic implant, such as an interference screw, was developed. The sensor is based on an inductive-capacitive-resistive resonant circuit that is inductively powered so the temperature at the implant can be measured wirelessly. A potential application of this sensor is to monitor internal wound temperature for the diagnosis of local infection at the implant site. Infections pose a significant risk to patients, who receive orthopedic implants, often lead to adverse conditions including implant failure, tissue necrosis, and amputation. Current approaches for diagnosing orthopedic implant-associated infections, such as blood tests, radiographic imaging, and histological study are slow, tedious, and nonspecific. In recent years, thermographic imaging has been used to monitor local temperature at the external surgical site as a means to detect infection, but its applications are limited to surface or near-surface wounds. The described sensor will serve as an useful research tool to investigate using temperature as an indication of deep-tissue orthopedic implant infection. When fully developed, this sensor may also improve orthopedic care by allowing simple, early detection of infection at an implant site. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the sensor, as well as characterizes its performance. Experimental results indicate the temperature response of the sensor is reproducible within the tested range of 30-42 °C.
A Basis for Evidence Accumulation in the Field of Dentures and Occlusions (2006)

義歯に関する咬合については種々の咬合理論が提示されており,同一の欠損状態に対しても画一的な咬合を附与するための基盤は完成しているとは言い難い.また顎関節症との関連で,咬合の改変によって良好な経過を示す症例が報告される一方で,咬合調整を何度行っても不調を訴え続ける症例,あるいは歯冠補綴を行った後に咬合の不安定感が消失せず何度歯冠補綴を再製しても治癒に至らない症例も報告される.これらについての論理的な結論を得るためにエビデンスは非常に重要である.しかし,これまでに行われてきたEBMについてのreviewを見ても,多くは,咬合に関する臨床術式ならびに症状の多様性等によって評価の統一が困難であるという結論に帰着しているのみであり,解決的・結論的な論を得るに至ってはおらず,咬合と顎関節症についての議論も結論をみるに至っているとは考えがたい.また,このことの原因の一つとしては,咬合に関する治療の技術依存性の高さが影響を及ぼしている可能性もあると考えられる.例えば,臼歯部の偏心運動時の咬合接触,咬頭嵌合位における咬合接触の厳密な再現,アンテリアガイダンスの厳密な再現など,顎関節症患者あるいは一般患者においても,歯冠修復に求められる高度な要求を満たすためにはそれに適したロジックを持つ修復法を実施する事が必要である.このような要求に適応する歯冠修復方法として2回鋳造法がある.2回鋳造法は,従来の鋳造歯冠修復法(クラウン・ブリッジ)の精度的な欠点を補う有効な方法であり,この方法についても紹介する.
Return to play guidelines after anterior cruciate ligament surgery (2005)

Doctors should question whether return to high level pivoting sports is in the athlete’s best interest after ACL reconstruction

“When can I play again, Doc?” is the emotionally charged, quintessential question asked by nearly every athlete after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Invariably, the same question is one of the first asked by parents, team mates, coaches, and—in the case of the high profile athlete—the media. This implies that, to meet the expectations of the athlete and his/her surroundings, swift surgical intervention and accelerated rehabilitation becomes a priority. Therefore it is not surprising if the time to return to play is the standard by which orthopaedic surgeons measure themselves and are measured in sports circles.

Measured by this standard, sports medicine has made giant advances in ACL treatment programmes during the previous decades. We have progressed from open surgery to arthroscopic surgery, from extended casting to short term bracing, from conservative to accelerated rehabilitation programmes, and from long hospital stays to outpatient surgery. When an athlete is injured today, it is expected that arthroscopic surgery will take place a few weeks after injury, that rehabilitation is started immediately, and that the patient is able to return to sport in four to nine months. The “best” surgeons and physiotherapists are rumoured to return players even sooner.

“Are there other criteria whereby we should measure treatment outcome than the time to return to sport?” 

Lost in the need to succeed and with the fear of defeat deeply embedded in our decision making processes, it is no wonder that we rarely ask: “Is it time to quit? Is it safe to return patients to pivoting sports? What are the long term results of our treatment programmes? Are there other criteria whereby we should measure treatment outcome than the time to return to sport?” …
Nearly optimal sparse fourier transform (2012)

We consider the problem of computing the k-sparse approximation to the discrete Fourier transform of an n-dimensional signal. We show: An O(k log n)-time randomized algorithm for the case where the input signal has at most k non-zero Fourier coefficients, and An O(k log n log(n/k))-time randomized algorithm for general input signals.
Pathogenesis, Experimental Models and Contemporary Pharmacotherapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Story About the Brain-Gut Axis (2016)

Target-oriented therapies that provide symptomatic, psychological and physiological benefits could surely help to improve the quality of life of IBS patients.
Characteristics of sheet windings in transformers (1963)

Sheet and foil windings are finding increasing use in apparatus ranging in size from small automotive components to medium-sized power transformers. The growing popularity of such windings lies in certain electrical and mechanical advantages over conventional helically wound coils. In addition, sheet conductor material can now be economically produced with a high degree of dimensional accuracy, with smooth and burr-free edges, and free to a high degree from dirt and metallic dust particles
Ingestion and inflammation (2007)

President of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices The reports described in Medication Errors were received through the USP-ISMP Medication Errors Reporting Program. Report errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) at http://www.ismp.org or the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) at http://www.usp.org. You can also call ISMP at 1-800-FAIL SAFE or send an e-mail message to [email protected]. You can also call ISMP at 1-800-FAIL SAFE or send an e-mail message to [email protected]. Michael R. Cohen is a member of the Nursing2007 editorial advisory board.