gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel designs for the DECADE coaxial plasma gun (2002)

New designs for the coaxial plasma injector (cablegun) used in the plasma opening switch (POS) of the DECADE pulsed-power facility were tested experimentally. A two-beam Mach-Zehnder interferometer operating in heterodyne mode was used to acquire, in addition to time-varying path-integrated electron number density and effective injection velocity, transverse radial scans for the ejected plasma. Abel inversion of this projected data yielded electron number density at a given downstream position as a function of radial position and time. Modifications to the baseline DECADE cablegun (a copper-core copper-sheath coaxial arrangement, with a Teflon insulator and a 60-degree muzzle cone) were investigated. Replacement of the copper center conductor with tungsten reduced radiative ablation of copper into the plasma and produced higher effective injection velocity with somewhat lower number density and similar radial divergence properties to that of the baseline cablegun. Substitution of the Teflon insulator with polyethylene continued that trend. The effect of cone angle was investigated by means of a simple flat-face arrangement whose plasma exhibited similar divergence to that of the baseline cablegun, although with lower number density, higher velocity, and more pronounced modulation in response to the driver current. The addition of a boron-nitride auxiliary nozzle proved effective at controlling the plasma divergence and concentrating the free electrons on axis while reducing the effects of driver current modulation.
Cell polarity and the mechanism of asymmetric cell division (1994)

During development, one mechanism for generating different cell types is asymmetric cell division, by which a cell divides and contributes different factors to each of its daughter cells. Asymmetric cell division occurs throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, from yeast to humans. Many asymmetric cell divisions occur in a defined orientation. This implies a cellular mechanism for sensing direction, which must ultimately lead to differences in gene expression between two daughter cells. In this review, we describe two classes of molecules: regulatory factors that are differentially expressed upon asymmetric cell division, and components of a signal transduction pathway that may define cell polarity. The lin-11 and mec-3 genes of C. elegans, the Isl-1 gene of mammals and the HO gene of yeast, encode regulatory factors that determine cell type of one daughter after asymmetric cell division. The CDC24 and CDC42 genes of yeast affect both bud positioning and orientation of mating projections, and thus may define a general cellular polarity. We speculate that molecules such as Cdc24 and Cdc42 may regulate expression of genes such as lin-11, mec-3, Isl-1 and HO upon asymmetric cell division.
Structure-Based Design of Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives Inhibiting Human Histone Deacetylase 8 (2021)

We have designed new human histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) inhibitors using structure-based molecular design. 3D models of HDAC8–inhibitor complexes were prepared by in situ modification of the crystal structure of HDAC8 co-crystallized with the hydroxamic acid suberoylanilide (SAHA) and a training set (TS) of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based hydroxamic acid derivatives (DAHTs) with known inhibitory potencies. A QSAR model was elaborated for the TS yielding a linear correlation between the computed Gibbs free energies (GFE) of HDAC8–DAHTs complexation (∆∆Gcom) and observed half-maximal enzyme inhibitory concentrations (IC50exp). From this QSAR model a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore (PH4) was generated. Structural information derived from the 3D model and breakdown of computed HDAC8–DAHTs interaction energies up to individual active site residue contributions helped us to design new more potent HDAC8 inhibitors. We obtained a reasonable agreement ∆∆Gcom and values: (pIC50exp = – 0.0376 × ∆∆Gcom + 7.4605, R2 = 0.89). Similar agreement was established for the PH4 model (pIC50exp = 0.8769 × + 0.7854, R2 = 0.87). A comparative analysis of the contributions of active site residues guided the choice of fragments used in designing a virtual combinatorial library (VCL) of DAHT analogs. The VCL of more than 17 thousand DAHTs was screened by the PH4 and furnished 229 new DAHTs. The best-designed analog displayed predicted inhibitory potency up to 110 times higher than that of DAHT1 (IC50exp = 0.047 µM). Predicted pharmacokinetic profiles of the new analogs were compared to current per oral anticancer compounds. This computational approach, which combines molecular modelling, pharmacophore generation, analysis of HDAC8–DAHTs interaction energies and virtual screening of a combinatorial library of DAHTs resulted in a set of proposed new HDAC8 inhibitors. It can thus direct medicinal chemists in their search for new anticancer agents.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Triplet CH2 (1970)

First Page
FLOW CYTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN LEVELS IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES: UTILITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT (1998)

Metallothioneins (MT) are ubiquitous, low-molecular-weight proteins that exhibit high binding affinities for heavy metal ions. The expression of these cysteine-rich proteins is induced in response to various types of chemical and physical stresses and therefore can be used to assess human exposure to cytotoxic environmental agents. In the current study, MT levels of human peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined using an MT-specific antibody and flow cytometry. Treatment of human whole blood ex vivo with CdCl2 was found to induce a concentration- and time-dependent increase in lymphocyte MT levels at concentrations as low as 0.3 microM and within a 12-h period. Interestingly, differences were observed in the magnitude of cadmium-induced MT levels in the lymphocytes of six human test subjects. Two members of the study population exhibited CdCl2-induced cellular MT levels that were up to twofold greater than the lymphocytes of other human subjects. While the lymphocytes of most test subjects exhibited a symmetric (unimodal) distribution of cadmium-induced MT-specific fluorescence, the cells of two individuals displayed a heterogeneous (nonuniform) distribution of MT levels. Dual-parameter flow cytometric analysis using phenotype-specific antibodies indicated that variations in the responsiveness of subpopulations of lymphocytes to CdCl2 were responsible for the heterogeneous distribution of MT-specific cellular fluorescence. T-helper (CD4-positive) and T-suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8-positive) lymphocytes expressed higher cellular levels of MT than other lymphocyte subpopulations (i.e., B lymphocytes, natural killer cells). Our results suggest that MT protein levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes, as determined by this flow cytometric method, may be used to assess human exposure to toxic metals and to characterize various quantitative/qualitative aspects of the response of individuals to cadmium and possibly to other types of environmental stresses.
Genomic cloning and localization to chromosome 11p15.5 of the human achaete-scute homolog 2 (ASCL2) (1996)

The mouse achaete-scute homolog-2 gene (Mash2), a member of the achaete-scute gene family, encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in the development of the trophoblast. It has recently been reported that Mash2 is genomically imprinted and mapped to the distal region of mouse chromosome 7, where other imprinted genes, Ins2, Igf2 and H19 are located. We isolated a clone carrying the partial human homolog, ASCL2, from a human genomic phage library using a PCR product for the rat Ascl2-cDNA as a probe. By fluorescence in situ hybridization using a phage clone as a probe whose insert contained the partial human ASCL2, we assigned ASCL2 to human chromosome 11p15.5. Sequence comparisons of the human ASCL2 clone and the rat Ascl2-cDNA showed 86.9% identity spanning 206 nucleotides and 85.3% deduced polypeptide-sequence identity over 68 residues.
Data Integrity in Multi Cloud Storage (2013)

Data integrity in cloud is became an acceptable challenge in the research community because of its vast application and usability in common people. This paper given an idea and ensure the secure and less loss in data during sharing with different user residing worldwide. We have introduced a new scheme called PDP (Provable Data Possession) scheme for distributed cloud storage to support the scalability of service and data migration. Here we have the existence of multiple cloud service providers to cooperatively store and maintain the clients’ data. We also introduce an another scheme called  (CPDP) i.e. cooperative PDP which is based on homomorphic veriﬁable response and hash index hierarchy. We prove that the proposed scheme is minimizing the computational error as well as decrease the communication overhead as compare with existing methods.
Superstructure fiber Bragg gratings with coated polyaniline film for ammonia detecting (2007)

In this paper, we proposed a chemical-gas fiber sensor based on the poly-aniline film coated on the surface of an etched fiber grating and experimentally demonstrated for detecting ammonia gas. This sensing mechanism is based on the testing gas to interact with the poly-aniline coating film on the surface of the fiber grating to cause the thin-film index change and then to create the Bragg wavelength shift or grating reflectivity variation. The sensitivity and response time of this sensor for measuring ammonia gas are around 0.73 nm per percent concentration and tens of mini-seconds respectively, which depend on the optical characteristics of fiber grating, the diameter of fiber cladding, and the constituents of chemical sensing film. This sensor may provide a simple, reliable, repeatable and non-destructive fiber sensing technique.
Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Joint Brazed with Ni-Cu Based Filler Metals. (1999)

In brazement with nickel filler metal, the formation of brittle phase degrades the reliability and the strength of the joint. This phase is composed of melting temperature depressants in the filler metal, such as silicon, boron or phosphorus. In particular, this phase tends to form in brazed joint with a wide clearance. In order to avoid the formation of the brittle phase, a strict control of brazing clearance is required, which is kept as narrow as possible during the brazing process. In some cases, however, such a strict control may be difficult.The purpose of this study is to develop the filler metals free of or less in silicon, boron and phosphorus, thereby suppressing the formation of the brittle phase. The nickel-copper alloy was chosen as the bass alloy of the filler metal, and two kinds of Ni-Cu-Sn-Si and Ni-Cu-Mn-Si filler metals were developed. The experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of the joints brazed with these filler metals.The tensile test of butt joints of SUS316 stainless steel brazed with developed filler metals was conducted, whose clearance were in the range of 10 to 100 micrometers. Hardness distributions of the brazed joints were also measured. Same experiments were carried out on the brazed joints with BNi-2 and BNi-5.The tensile strength of the Ni-Cu-Sn-Si filler brazed joints was about 500 MPa for the clearance of 10μm and was about 300 MPa for 100μm. In the joins with the Ni-Cu-Mn-Si filler metal, the tensile strength was about 600 MPa for 10μm and 350 MPa for 100 μm. In the joints of clearance more than 50 μm, tensile strength of the developed filler metals were superior to those of BNi-2 and BNi-5, in which the hardness of the joints increased obviously.
Isolation and characterization of six microsatellites in the Mexican beaded lizard Heloderma horridum (2006)

Abstract Six polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in the threatened Mexican beaded lizard, Heloderma horridum . The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 12, with observed heterozygosity estimates ranging from 0.00 to 0.77, and expected heterozygosity estimates ranging from 0.00 to 0.73. These microsatellites will provide a valuable tool for the investigation of the genetic variation and structure of both wild and captive H. horridum populations.
Cautionary Observations Concerning the Introduction of Psychophysiological Biomarkers into Neuropsychiatric Practice (2022)

The combination of statistical learning technologies with large databases of psychophysiological data has appropriately generated enthusiastic interest in future clinical applicability. It is argued here that this enthusiasm should be tempered with the understanding that significant obstacles must be overcome before the systematic introduction of psychophysiological measures into neuropsychiatric practice becomes possible. The objective of this study is to identify challenges to this effort. The nonspecificity of psychophysiological measures complicates their use in diagnosis. Low test-retest reliability complicates use in longitudinal assessment, and quantitative psychophysiological measures can normalize in response to placebo intervention. Ten cautionary observations are introduced and, in some instances, possible directions for remediation are suggested.
Honokiol inhibits gastric tumourigenesis by activation of 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 and consequent inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ and COX‐2‐dependent signals (2010)

These findings suggest that induction of 15-LOX-1-mediated down-regulation of a PPAR-gamma and COX-2 pathway by honokiol may be a promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
Electrical impedance modeling of ionic polymer transducers (2005)

Ionic polymer transducers are a class of active material that exhibit interesting chemoelectromechanical coupling capabilities. Initially recognized for their chemoelectric properties, these materials have begun to receive notice as electromechanical transducers. This electromechanical coupling provides the fundamental mechanism for both actuator and sensor applications. Under relatively low electric stimuli (1-10kV/m) these materials are capable of achieving large bending strains (1-5%). Similarly these transducers provide effective sensing capabilities when subject to an applied external load or deformation. Recent studies indicate that the transducer's performance can be directly related to changes in the polymer's electrical impedance. An analytical model is proposed based upon these findings. The basic tenet of this model is that ion motion is induced as an electric field is applied across the polymer membrane. Transport theory is employed to model this ion motion through an electrostatics approach. This method yields a series of analytical expressions for charge density, electric field and electric potential across the polymer's thickness. The solution of the charge density profile is then used to calculate the isothermal transient ionic current (ITIC). Corresponding to the measured current, this ITIC expression is related to the applied voltage to yield a relationship between the applied voltage and the resultant current.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Patellofemoral Arthritis (2003)

To The Editor: 

After reading “Total Knee Arthroplasty for Patellofemoral Arthritis” (2002;84:1977-81), by Mont et al., I was reminded of the aphorism attributed to Mr. D.L. Evans many years ago: “That a major operation may be successful is not itself an indication to perform it.”1 The authors reported excellent results (the mean Knee Society score was 93 points, with an average follow-up of eighty-one months) in an older population of patients (fifty-nine to eighty-eight years old), but the question remains: Are less destructive and risky operations than total knee arthroplasty available to treat isolated patellofemoral arthritis in this age-group?

For many years, I have used an arthroscopic lateral release and then, if necessary, a patellofemoral arthroplasty to treat these patients successfully. However, because patellofemoral arthritis is relatively rare (<3% in the series described by Mont et al.), the number of patients generated in my practice has been too few for publication. Nontheless, the successful use of a lateral release as a surgical option for the older patient has been confirmed in the literature. Jackson et al.2 reported excellent or good results for eight of eleven older patients with patellofemoral arthritis. Aderinto and Cobb3 found that nine of sixteen patients who were fifty-nine to seventy-four years old were very satisfied or satisfied after a lateral release for patellofemoral arthritis. Thus, in those two studies, seventeen (63%) of twenty-seven patients avoided a total knee arthroplasty, while leaving the option of patellofemoral arthroplasty open to those who did not have a satisfactory result.

I was puzzled by the authors' statement in the introduction: “Patellofemoral arthroplasties have not had optimal results....” My clinical experience has been the opposite, yet the authors supported their statement with reference to the study by Ackroyd and Polyzoides4. That study concerned patellectomy, not patellofemoral …
Classification of Electromagnetic Resonances in Finite Inhomogeneous Three-Dimensional Structures (2006)

We present a simple and unified classification of macroscopic electromagnetic resonances in finite arbitrarily inhomogeneous isotropic dielectric 3D structures situated in free space. By observing the complex-plane dynamics of the spatial spectrum of the volume integral operator as a function of angular frequency and constitutive parameters, we identify and generalize all the usual resonances, including complex plasmons, real laser resonances in media with gain, and real quasistatic resonances in media with negative permittivity and gain.
A Simplified Model of Corona Discharge on Overhead Wire for FDTD Computations (2011)

A simplified model of corona discharge on overhead wire has been proposed for propagating surge computations using the finite-difference time-domain method. The radial progression of corona streamers from the wire is represented as the radial expansion of cylindrical conducting region whose conductivity is several tens of microsiemens per meter. Two wire radii are considered: 5 and 2 mm, in order to simulate two experimental con- figurations by Noda. The critical electric field on the surface of a 5-mm radius wire for corona initiation is set to E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 1.8 or 2.9 MV/m. For a 2-mm radius wire, it is set to E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 2.2 MV/m. The critical background electric field necessary for streamer propagation is set to E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cp</sub> = 0.5 MV/m for positive voltage application, and E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cn</sub> = 1.5 MV/m for negative voltage application. The computed waveform of radial current (including both conduction and displacement currents) agrees well with the corresponding measured waveform. Also, the computed relation between the total charge (charge residing on the wire and emanated corona charge) and applied voltage (qV curve) agrees well with the corresponding measured one, except for relatively low applied voltages. Additionally, the increase of coupling between the energized wire and another one nearby due to corona discharge is well reproduced.
Computerized detection of pulmonary embolism in 3D computed tomographic (CT) images: vessel tracking and segmentation techniques (2003)

We are developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detection of pulmonary embolism in computed tomographic (CT) images. An adaptive 3D pixel clustering method was developed based on Bayesian estimation and Expectation-Maximization (EM) analysis to segment vessels from their surrounding tissues. After a “connected component analysis”, the vessel tree was reconstructed by tracking the vessel and its branches in 3D space based on their geometric characteristics such as the tracked vessel direction and skeleton. The node location of splitting and merging of vessel branches were identified based on “bifurcation analysis”. 2D and 3D features of the tracked vessels and the surrounding tissues were used in a multi-dimensional feature space to identify PE from normal vessels. In this preliminary study, about 95% of the vessels could -be segmented and tracked even when the vessels were partially obstructed by PE ranging from 5% to 90%. Our method could detect 58% of all the PEs with an average 10.5 (ranging from 8 to 15) of false positives per case. 100% of the PEs could be detected if the average radius of vessels were larger than 2 mm and the vessels were partially obstructed by PE ranging from 20% to 80%.
The Effects of Topical Transforming Growth Factor-β2 and Anti-Transforming Growth Factor-β2,3 on Scarring in Pigs (2000)

Treating wounds with an antibody directed against TGF-b2 might be a useful clinical approach to reduce fibrosis.
Random facet Fresnel lenses and mirrors (2001)

Fresnel-type lenses and mirrors are designed and their performance is simulated. These lenses and mirrors employ random spac- ings between elements to minimize intense higher order diffraction terms while maintaining good overall light concentration.
Radical Reactions of Vinyl Triflates and its Derivatives (2022)

Vinyl triflates are valuable precursors for vinyl cations, vinyl carbenes, and electrophiles for transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, in these reactions, the trifluoromethyl group is not installed in the final products. The radical reactions of vinyl triflates were limited until our beginning. We initially achieved the synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated ketones from vinyl triflates using triethyl borane as a radical initiator. Since the reaction proceeds chemoselectivity toward the conjugated vinyl triflates, we achieved the chemo- and regio-selective trifluoromethylation of 1,3-bis(vinyl triflates). We developed one-pot trifluoromethylation from aryl alkynes with perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids in the presence of AIBN as a radical initiator. In addition, a crossover experiment and DFT calculations support that the reaction proceeds through an intermolecular pathway. The radical reaction of vinyl triflates in the presence of alkenes afforded γ-trifluoromethylated ketones. We also developed a one-pot triflation-trifluoromethylation-triflation of imines leading trifluoromethyl-substituted vinyl trifluoromethanesulfonic amides.
Interactions Between Sleep and Epilepsy (2001)

Sleep is one of the best-documented factors influencing the expression of seizures and interictal discharges. Janz studied the relation between seizures and the sleep/wake cycle and divided the epilepsies into three categories: nocturnal, awakening, and diffuse. Since then, the effect of sleep on the ictal and interictal manifestations of epilepsy has been studied extensively. Many seizures are activated by sleep or arousal from sleep. Interictal discharges are also seen more commonly during sleep, with the greatest activation seen during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Sleep not only increases the frequency of epileptiform abnormalities, but also may alter their morphology and distribution. Sleep deprivation also facilitates both epileptiform abnormalities and seizures. Seizures, on the other hand, also impact sleep. Epileptic patients demonstrate multiple sleep abnormalities, including an increased sleep latency, fragmented sleep, increased awakenings and stage shifts, and an increase in stages 1 and 2 of nonrapid eye movement sleep. These disturbances may in turn be modulated by antiepileptic treatment. This review summarizes the interactions between sleep and epilepsy, including the timing of seizures during the sleep/wake cycle, the influence of sleep on various seizure disorders, the effects of sleep deprivation, and the changes in sleep patterns caused by seizures and their treatment.