gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of aquaporin 4 and the amiloride-inhibitable sodium channel in perinatal rat lung epithelial cells (1998)

During the perinatal period, a dramatic reversal of lung transepithelial ion and water transport occurs that involves the amiloride-inhibitable Na+ channel (ENaC). Aquaporin (AQP) water channel proteins facilitate cell membrane water transport. We now report that AQP-4, localized to basolateral membranes of airway epithelial cells, increases its mRNA expression in developing lung eightfold during the 2 days before birth to reach a peak on the first postnatal day in the lungs but not in brains or kidneys of neonatal rats. AQP-4 and the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits of ENaC are both expressed by cultured rat fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) cells. AQP-4 and ENaC expression increase in FDLE cells cultured on uncoated permeant filters compared with matched control cells cultured on filters containing extracellular matrix derived from fetal lung epithelial cells. Similarly, AQP-4 expression increases in FDLE cells exposed to 21% O2 compared with cells exposed to 3% O2. These data demonstrate that AQP-4 expression is highest on the first day after birth in neonatal rat lungs. Exposure to ambient 21% O2 may contribute to increases in AQP-4 and ENaC expression to facilitate water transport across neonatal airway epithelia in the immediate postnatal period.
Signal design for transmitter diversity wireless communication systems over Rayleigh fading channels (1999)

Transmitter diversity wireless communication systems over Rayleigh fading channels using pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) are studied. Unlike conventional transmitter diversity systems with PSAM that estimate the superimposed fading process, we are able to estimate each individual fading process corresponding to the multiple transmitters by using appropriately designed pilot symbol sequences. With such sequences, special coded modulation schemes can then be designed to access the diversity provided by the multiple transmitters without having to use an interleaver or expand the signal bandwidth. The code matrix notion is introduced for the coded modulation scheme, and its design criteria are also established. In addition to the reduction in receiver complexity, simulation results are compared to, and shown to be superior to, that of an intentional frequency offset system over a wide range of system parameters.
The Expedient Synthesis of 4,2‘-Difluoro-5‘-(7-trifluoromethyl- imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)biphenyl-2-carbonitrile, a GABA α2/3 Agonist (2006)

An expedient regioselective synthesis of a GABA α2/3 agonist 1 is described. The key step is an efficient regioselective palladium-catalyzed coupling of 7-trifluoromethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (5) to 5‘-chloro-4,2‘-difluorobiphenyl-2-carbonitrile (15). The efficiency of this step was affected by the choice of solvent, ligand, and tetrabutylammonium salt additive.
Anterior Hemi-epiphysiodesis of the Distal Tibia for Residual Equinus Deformity in Children with Clubfeet (2022)

Background: Residual equinus deformity in toddlers with a history of clubfoot can be managed with soft tissue release, provided there is no articular incongruity.&nbsp; Distal tibia osteotomy is a reasonable choice in mature patients with a flattened talus provided the growth plate is closed. Anterior distal tibia hemi-epiphysiodesis is an option for children with articular incongruity who have substantial growth remaining.&nbsp; The aim of this study is to evaluate radiographic and clinical outcomes of this method. Methods: Fourteen clubfoot patients (20 ankles) with residual equinus deformity were treated between 2010-2015 with anterior distal tibial hemi-epiphysiodesis utilizing size appropriate modular plate and screw constructs. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (and caregivers) with supplemental questions were requested at most recent follow-up. Results: There were 12 males and 2 females, mean age 10 years at surgery (50-152 months), with the minimum 18 months of radiographic follow-up (Mean 34 months). Pre-surgical mean radiographic anterior distal tibial angle (ADTA) was 87.8 degrees (79-100) and mean maximum dorsiflexion was -5.7 degrees (-40-7).&nbsp; At follow-up, mean improvement of radiologic ADTA was 18 degrees and mean clinical dorsiflexion improvement was 8.4 degrees. On the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire, children reported a mean functional score of 47% in the “Physical” domain, 71% in “School and Play”, 70% in “Emotional”, and 38% in footwear. Parents reported mean scores of 45% in Physical, 69% in School and Play, 56% in Emotional, and 28% in footwear. Sixty percent of parents reported increased foot flexibility, 80% noted improvement in their child’s walking, and 100% would choose this surgery again. Conclusions: Anterior distal tibial hemi-epiphysiodesis is a viable option for treatment of residual equinus in children with a clubfoot history and open growth plates. Radiographic improvement was at least 2x greater than the clinically measured improvements of dorsiflexion; yet each family would undergo the surgery again as they perceived an improvement in function.
Theory of Molecular Nonlinear Optics (2013)

The theory of molecular nonlinear optics based on the sum-over-states (SOS) model is reviewed. The interaction of radiation with a single wtpisolated molecule is treated by first-order perturbation theory, and expressions are derived for the linear (&#x3B1;ij) polarizability and nonlinear (&#x3B2;ijk, &#x3B3;ijkl) molecular hyperpolarizabilities in terms of the properties of the molecular states and the electric dipole transition moments for light-induced transitions between them. Scale invariance is used to estimate fundamental limits for these polarizabilities. The crucial role of the spatial symmetry of both the single molecules and their ordering in dense media, and the transition from the single molecule to the dense medium case (susceptibilities &#x3C7;ij(1), &#x3C7;ijk(2), &#x3C7;ijkl(3)), is discussed. For example, for &#x3B2;ijk, symmetry determines whether a molecule can support second-order nonlinear processes or not. For asymmetric molecules, examples of the frequency dispersion based on a two-level model (ground state and one excited state) are the simplest possible for &#x3B2;ijk and examples of the resulting frequency dispersion are given. The third-order susceptibility is too complicated to yield simple results in terms of symmetry properties. It will be shown that whereas a two-level model suffices for asymmetric molecules, symmetric molecules require a minimum of three levels in order to describe effects such as two-photon absorption. The frequency dispersion of the third-order susceptibility will be shown and the importance of one and two-photon transitions will be discussed.
Low-lying excitation spectrum of quantum many-body systems (1996)

We present a numerical method for calculating the ground state correlations and low-lying excitations in a discrete and finite many-body system. The method combines the advantages of real space and momentum space renormalization group ideas and is similar in many respects to the correlated basis functions perturbation theory, but is nonperturbative in nature. To illustrate the method, we apply it to the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin-\textonehalf{} chain.
A visual tour of carbon export by sinking particles (2021)

Abstract To better quantify the ocean’s biological carbon pump, we resolved the diversity of sinking particles that transport carbon into the ocean’s interior, their contribution to carbon export, and their attenuation with depth. Sinking particles collected in sediment trap gel layers from 4 distinct ocean ecosystems were imaged, measured, and classified. The size and identity of particles was used to model their contribution to particulate organic carbon (POC) flux. Measured POC fluxes were reasonably predicted by particle images. Nine particle types were identified, and most of the compositional variability was driven by the relative contribution of aggregates, long cylindrical fecal pellets, and salp fecal pellets. While particle composition varied across locations and seasons, the entire range of compositions was measured at a single well-observed location in the subarctic North Pacific over 1 month, across 500 m of depth. The magnitude of POC flux was not consistently associated with a dominant particle class, but particle classes did influence flux attenuation. Long fecal pellets attenuated most rapidly with depth whereas certain other classes attenuated little or not at all with depth. Small particles (&lt;100 μ m) consistently contributed ∼5% to total POC flux in samples with higher magnitude fluxes. The relative importance of these small particle classes (spherical mini pellets, short oval fecal pellets, and dense detritus) increased in low flux environments (up to 46% of total POC flux). Imaging approaches that resolve large variations in particle composition across ocean basins, depth, and time will help to better parameterize biological carbon pump models.
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia (2020)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Colombia from a traveler arriving from Italy on February 26, 2020. To date, available data on the origins and number or introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the country are limited. Here, we sequenced SARS-CoV-2 from 43 clinical samples and—together with other 73 genomes sequences available from the country—we investigated the emergence and the routes of importation of COVID-19 into Colombia using epidemiological, historical air travel and phylogenetic observations. Our study provided evidence of multiple introductions, mostly from Europe, with at least 12 lineages being documented. Phylogenetic findings validated the lineage diversity, supported multiple importation events and the evolutionary relationship of epidemiologically-linked transmission chains. Our results reconstruct the early evolutionary history of SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia and highlight the advantages of genome sequencing to complement COVID-19 outbreak investigation.
MORTALITY RATES IN KERMANSHAH PROVINCE - 2000 (2003)

Background & Objective: Mortality data can be the starting point for many epidemiological surveys. This study was conducted to determine the mortality rates of Kermanshah Province in 1379.   Materials and methods: Mortality rate of rural and urban areas were obtained from Kermanshah Health Center and BaghFerdows Cemetery's archives,  respectively. The data of other cities of the province were gathered through health  centers through  a standard national  chart.   The chart, which has been delivery by University's Machine – readable Services (UMS) consists of  17 etiologies of death. Statistical data related to the cemetery of Sonies and other religious minorities were not obtained. The completed forms were checked and coded.  The repetitive items were omitted. The needed population size were obtained form the Health Affairs Organization of Kermanshah Province. Results: A total of   9234 dead persons were reported in Kermanshah Province (%41.3 female and %58.5 male). The crude death rate was 5.06 per thousand; median age was 50 +30 year, %67.8 were from  urban and %32.2 from   rural areas. The five common causes of death were cardiac disease (1.8 per 1000), suicide, poisoning and accidents (0.76 per1000), poorly defined causes (0.72 per 1000),  cancer (0.45 per1000), and prepartum illnesses (0.41 per 1000). Discussion : Mortality rates in Kermanshah province are  higher than the national norms. The mortality rate from five common causes of death is  also higher when compared to the  national norms. There is a need  to study the causes of high  mortality rate in kermanshah, especially those due to  cardiac disease
Review. One Drug for Multiple Targets: A Computational Perspective (2016)

"This review discusses the concept of polypharmacology in drug discovery and development. The relationship between polyphar - macology and polypharmacy, drug repurposing, combination of drugs and in vivo testing are discussed. Modern applications of polypharma - cology and polypharmacy in epigenetic and antiviral drug develop- ment are described as examples. A survey of modern methodologies to design and develop multiple-target ligands is presented with a special focus on computational-based methods. These approaches include, but are not limited to, target fishing, proteochemometric modeling, data mining of side effects of drugs, and computer-aided drug repurposing."
Computer synthesized diffraction patterns (1987)

An efficient algorithm for the computation of monochromatic and polychromatic diffraction in the region of the focus of a converging wavefront has been devised for the Perkin-Elmer RAY-GODE optical design computer program. The algorithm generates a digitized map of intensity over an area defined by the user. With this map energy distribution can be integrated in different ways. Also, the program plots an analog map which closely resembles photographs of so-called aerial images of artificial stars observed under a microscope.
SET7/9 regulates cancer cell proliferation by influencing β‐catenin stability (2015)

β-Catenin, which is a key mediator of the wingless-integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays an important role in cell proliferation, cell fate determination, and tumorigenesis, by regulating the expression of a wide range of target genes. Although a variety of posttranslational modifications are involved in β-catenin activity, the role of lysine methylation in β-catenin activity is largely unknown. In this study, su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax (SET) domain-containing protein 7 (SET7/9), a lysine methyltransferase, interacted with and methylated β-catenin, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction and methylation were significantly enhanced in response to H2O2 stimulation. A mutagenesis assay and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that β-catenin was monomethylated by SET7/9 at lysine residue 180. Methylated β-catenin was easily recognized by phosphokinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β for degradation. Consistent with this finding, the mutated β-catenin (K180R) that cannot be methylated exhibited a longer half-life than did the methylated β-catenin. The consequent depletion of SET7/9 by shRNA or the mutation of the β-catenin (K180R) significantly enhanced the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes such as c-myc and cyclin D1 and promoted the growth of cancer cells. Together, these results provide a novel mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated in response to oxidative stress.
A review of sensor sensitivity and stability (2002)

Acoustic sensor sensitivity is often reported in units of Hz per unit of measurand. It has been frequently stated or implied in the sensor literature that higher-frequency sensors are preferable to lower frequency sensors because the frequency change per unit of measurand is higher, i.e., the higher-frequency sensors are more "sensitive". This paper reviews the resonator instabilities that lead to the conclusions that: 1) sensitivity expressed as Hz per unit of measurand is not a good measure of sensor quality, and 2) when compared on the bases of accuracy, reproducibility and resolution capability, "good" low frequency sensors are often superior to "good" high frequency ones.
Toward Foundation Models for Earth Monitoring: Generalizable Deep Learning Models for Natural Hazard Segmentation (2023)

Climate change results in an increased probability of extreme weather events that put societies and businesses at risk on a global scale. Therefore, near real-time mapping of natural hazards is an emerging priority for the support of natural disaster relief, risk management, and informing governmental policy decisions. Recent methods to achieve near real-time mapping increasingly leverage deep learning (DL). However, DL-based approaches are designed for one specific task in a single geographic region based on specific frequency bands of satellite data. Therefore, DL models used to map specific natural hazards struggle with their generalization to other types of natural hazards in unseen regions. In this work, we propose a methodology to significantly improve the generalizability of DL natural hazards mappers based on pre-training on a suitable pre-task. Without access to any data from the target domain, we demonstrate this improved generalizability across four U-Net architectures for the segmentation of unseen natural hazards. Importantly, our method is invariant to geographic differences and differences in the type of frequency bands of satellite data. By leveraging characteristics of unlabeled images from the target domain that are publicly available, our approach is able to further improve the generalization behavior without fine-tuning. Thereby, our approach supports the development of foundation models for earth monitoring with the objective of directly segmenting unseen natural hazards across novel geographic regions given different sources of satellite imagery.
An intravascular ultrasound anisotropic elasticity-palpography technique for in vivo coronary atherosclerotic plaque detection and characterization (2017)

International audience
Control of Synchronization Patterns in Neural-like Boolean Networks (2013)

We study experimentally the synchronization patterns in time-delayed directed Boolean networks of excitable systems. We observe a transition in the network dynamics when the refractory time of the individual systems is adjusted. When the refractory time is on the same order of magnitude as the mean link time delays or the heterogeneities of the link time delays, cluster synchronization patterns change, or are suppressed entirely, respectively. We also show that these transitions occur when we change the properties of only a small number of driver nodes identified by their larger in degree; hence, the synchronization patterns can be controlled locally by these nodes. Our findings have implications for synchronization in biological neural networks.
Cytokine profile associated with human chronic schistosomiasis mansoni (2004)

This study objective was to evaluate the cytokines associated with early events of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni. Hepatic fibrosis was classified by ultrasonography in 94 patients. Immunological evaluation was performed by measurement of secreted cytokines (interleukin IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factors-beta) in peripherl blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Schistosoma mansoni antigens. Significantly, higher levels of IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 were found in supernatants of SEA-stimulated PBMC from subjects with degree III hepatic fibrosis as compared to patients with degree I or II fibrosis, Significant increases in IL-5 and IL-13 levels were also observed in some of the subjects who remained untreated for one year following initial assessment and developed more serious fibrosis during this period. The data suggests a role for type 2 cytokines in early stages of hepatic fibrosis in human schistosomiasis mansoni.
Disseminated Toxoplasmosis After Liver Transplantation: Case Report and Review (1998)

extensive necrosis.Swollen ghost
Results of hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma of the extremities. (1975)

Our studies show that the malignant melanoma cell in human beings is more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat than its normal counterpart, the melanocyte. Malignant melanoma of the extremities presents unique problems; at times, local control can be extremely difficult. The addition of heat to regional perfusion with melphalan has dramatically improved the objective response of melanoma. Complications rise as the tempreature and duration of perfusion increase. These risks must be weighed carefully against the volume and extent of tumor. One hundred and eighty-five hyperthermic perfusions have been perfomed on 165 patients. When done with meticulous attention to details, this procedure is accompanied by minimal morbidity and mortality. Hyperthermic perfusion is currently the best treatment for recurrent melanoma of the extremities and has almost eliminated the necessity for amputation. Perfusion is recommended as a prophylactic measure for the more deeply invasive primary lesions. It reduces the incidence of regional recurrence. A retrospective statistical analysis of survival rates of patients treated with nonheated and heated perfusion for recurrent melanoma, State IIIA, was conducted. If the experience of the heated group continues, which from a clinical standpoint appears likely, then a striking advantage of heated perfusion over nonheated perfusion will be demonstrated. This superiority in survival rates for the heated group is now three to one or 300 per cent. The most reasonable explanation for the improvement in survival time of patients in State IIIA is stimulation of the immune response. As a result of our experience with heated perfusion of limbs, we are investigating the possibility that systemic hyperthermia may enhance the antitumor effects of various chemotherapeutic agents on melanoma.
The contribution of lipids to coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus. (1994)

Cardiovascular disease is two to three times more common in diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic population. Although risk factors that affect the general population such as age, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolaemia also affect diabetic subjects, the increased prevalence of hypertension and obesity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) only partially explains the increased morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD). Other factors must therefore be considered in this group of patients. Triglyceride concentrations, particularly post-prandial levels, may be important. Diabetic subjects have increased very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL), increased intermediate-density-lipoprotein (IDL) and low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, and differences in lipoprotein composition may partly explain increased atherogenesis. Although LDL levels of diabetic patients are not different from those of control subjects. LDL particles are potentially atherogenic as they are smaller, more dense and prone to oxidative modification. NIDDM subjects also have altered apolipoprotein concentrations, including increased apoB, apoC-III, and decreased apoA-I; in addition, apoE-2 may be over-represented in diabetic populations. Thus, apart from the traditional risk factors, there are several lipoprotein compositional abnormalities that may contribute to the increased prevalence of CHD in diabetes.
In Situ Wrapping SiO with Carbon Nanotubes as Anode Material for High‐Performance Li–Ion Batteries (2019)

Abstract Silicon‐based material as lithium‐ion anodes has attracted huge attention owing to their ultrahigh capacity. However, they usually undergo severe volume expansion over the repeated lithiation/delithiation processes and have low electronic conductivity, leading to the inferior cycling stability and the poor rate capability. Here, an in‐situ growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of SiO composite was prepared and then encapsulated by the amorphous carbon derived from high softening point pitch. SEM and TEM studies show that SiO was firmly wrapped with CNTs and well coated with the amorphous carbon. Meanwhile, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption measurement indicated the prepared composite SiO@CNTs/C was hierarchical pore structure, which can shorten the lithium‐ion transport pathway and enhance the structural stability. The prepared SiO@CNTs/C exhibited an excellent long‐term cycling stability (a high reversible specific capacity of 821.7 mAh g −1 , and a high capacity retention of 95.9% to the 3rd cycle after 200 cycles), and prominent rate capacity, indicating the great potential of SiO@CNTs/C anode for practical application.