gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naturalistic Decision Making for Power System Operators (2010)

Investigations of large-scale outages in the North American interconnected electric system often attribute the causes to three t's: trees, training, and tools. To document and understand the mental processes used by expert operators when making critical decisions, a naturalistic decision making (ndm) model was developed. Transcripts of conversations were analyzed to reveal and assess ndm-based performance criteria. An item analysis indicated that the operators' situation awareness levels, mental models, and mental simulations can be mapped at different points in the training scenario. This may identify improved training methods or analytical/visualization tools. This study applies for the first time the concepts of recognition primed decision making, situation awareness levels, and cognitive task analysis to training of electric power system operators. The ndm approach provides a viable framework for systematic training management to accelerate learning in simulator-based training scenarios for power system operators and teams.
The Cross-Association of Polyisoprenyllithium with Ethyllithium (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cross-Association of Polyisoprenyllithium with EthyllithiumMaurice Morton, Robert A. Pett, and L. J. FettersCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 3, 333–337Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60015a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60015a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quality assurance for the EORTC 22071–26071 study: dummy run prospective analysis (2014)

The observed wide variations in treatment planning, despite strict guidelines, confirms the complexity of development and quality assurance of IMRT-based multicentre studies for head and neck cancer.
Design of a Catheter-Based Device for Performing Percutaneous Chordal-Cutting Procedures (2009)

In this paper we detail the rapid design, fabrication and testing of a percutaneous catheterbased device that is envisioned to enable externally controlled manipulation and cutting of specific chordae tendinae within the heart. The importance of this work is that it (a) provides a means that surgeons may use to alleviate problems associated with some forms of mitral valve regurgitation and (b) demonstrates how a deterministic design process may be used to drive design innovation in medical devices while lowering development cost/time/resources. In the United States alone, approximately 500,000 people develop ischemic or functional MR per year. A chordal cutting procedure and device could allow many patients, who would otherwise be unable to survive open-heart surgery, to undergo a potentially life-saving operation at reduced risk. The design process has enabled us to generate a solution to this problem in a relatively short time. A deterministic design process was used to generate several design concepts and then evaluate and compare each concept based on a set of functional requirements. A final concept to be alpha prototyped was then chosen, optimized, and fabricated. The design process made it possible to make rapid progress during the project and to achieve a device design that worked the first time. This approach is important to medical device design as it reduces engineering effort, cost, and the amount of time spent in iterative design cycles. An overview of the design process will be presented and discussed within the context of a specific case study–the rapid design/fabrication of a chordal cutting device. Experimental results will be used to assess: (i) The performance of the catheter in maneuvering into the heart and grasping various structures. (ii) The effectiveness of the catheter's RF ablation tip at cutting chordae inside of a heart. In the first experiment, the catheter was guided to the basal chordae under direct visualization, which showed that the catheter is capable of successfully grasping a chord. During the second experiment, ultrasound was shown to be a viable method of visualizing the catheter within the heart. During this experiment, once contact between the chord and RF ablator tip was confirmed, the chord was successfully ablated. We will also discuss experiments that are currently underway to visualize the catheter utilizing a Trans-Esophageal Echo probe, as well as imaging the mitral valve from the apex of the heart with a laparoscope so that video of the basal chord being grasped and cut can be acquired on a heart whose anatomical structures are intact. A brief synopsis will then be given of how the design process has been used in research and educational collaborations between MIT and local hospitals.
Measurement and modeling of millimeter‐wave scattering from tree foliage (1990)

Because the constituent elements of a tree canopy, namely the leaves, needles, branches, and trunks, have complex geometries with curvatures and surface roughness scales that are comparable to or larger than the wavelength at millimeter wavelengths, the traditional approach used to compute the phase function of the vegetation volume is totally impractical. In this paper we propose a relatively simple model for characterizing the phase function on the basis of direct experimental data. The model is used in conjunction with a solution of the radiative transfer equation to predict the backscattering behavior of tree canopies. The model is found to provide very good agreement with radar observations made at 35, 94, and 140 GHz.
Using bio- and neurofeedback to enhance psychological recuperation in Afghanistan veterans (2012)

Both bio- and neurofeedback (training) protocols are hypothesized to be beneficial in the management of arousal states and psychological recuperation after aversive and potentially traumatic experiences. As military deployments in theatres like Iraq or Afghanistan imply an significant risk for potentially traumatic experiences and stress related outcomes, the present research explored the potency of both bio- and neurofeedback protocols during the recuperation period after the deployment of Dutch soldiers in Afghanistan.
Longitudinal Follow-up and Outcomes Among a Population With Chronic Kidney Disease in a Large Managed Care Organization (2004)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic kidney disease is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. The purpose of this study was to understand the natural history of chronic kidney disease with regard to progression to renal replacement therapy (transplant or dialysis) and death in a representative patient population. <h3>Methods</h3> In 1996 we identified 27 998 patients in our health plan who had estimated glomerular filtration rates of less than 90 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>on 2 separate measurements at least 90 days apart. We followed up patients from the index date of the first glomerular filtration rates of less than 90 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>until renal replacement therapy, death, disenrollment from the health plan, or June 30, 2001. We extracted from the computerized medical records the prevalence of the following comorbidities at the index date and end point: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidemia, and renal anemia. <h3>Results</h3> Our data showed that the rate of renal replacement therapy over the 5-year observation period was 1.1%, 1.3%, and 19.9%, respectively, for the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) stages 2, 3, and 4, but that the mortality rate was 19.5%, 24.3%, and 45.7%. Thus, death was far more common than dialysis at all stages. In addition, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and anemia were more prevalent in the patients who died but hypertension prevalence was similar across all stages. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data suggest that efforts to reduce mortality in this population should be focused on treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and anemia.
Food additive carrageenan: Part II: A critical review of carrageenanin vivosafety studies (2014)

Carrageenan (CGN) is a seaweed-derived high molecular weight (Mw) hydrocolloid, primarily used as a stabilizer and thickener in food. The safety of CGN regarding its use in food is reviewed. Based on experimental studies in animals, ingested CGN is excreted quantitatively in the feces. Studies have shown that CGN is not significantly degraded by low gastric pH or microflora in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Due to its Mw, structure and its stability when bound to protein, CGN is not significantly absorbed or metabolized. CGN also does not significantly affect the absorption of nutrients. Subchronic and chronic feeding studies in rodents indicate that CGN at doses up to 5% in the diet does not induce any toxicological effects other than soft stools or diarrhea, which are a common effect for non-digestible high molecular weight compounds. Review of several studies from numerous species indicates that food grade CGN does not produce intestinal ulceration at doses up to 5% in the diet. Effects of CGN on the immune system following parenteral administration are well known, but not relevant to food additive uses. The majority of the studies evaluating the immunotoxicity potential were conducted with CGN administered in drinking water or by oral gavage where CGN exists in a random, open structured molecular conformation, particularly the lambda form; hence, it has more exposure to the intestinal mucosa than when bound to protein in food. Based on the many animal subchronic and chronic toxicity studies, CGN has not been found to affect the immune system, as judged by lack of effects on organ histopathology, clinical chemistry, hematology, normal health, and the lack of target organ toxicities. In these studies, animals consumed CGN at orders of magnitude above levels of CGN in the human diet: ≥1000 mg/kg/d in animals compared to 18-40 mg/kg/d estimated in the human diet. Dietary CGN has been shown to lack carcinogenic, tumor promoter, genotoxic, developmental, and reproductive effects in animal studies. CGN in infant formula has been shown to be safe in infant baboons and in an epidemiology study on human infants at current use levels.
Annealing Effects on Cathodoluminescence Properties of SiOxFilms Deposited by Radio Frequency Sputtering (2011)

The effects of high-temperature thermal annealing on cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra in SiOx (0.9 ≤x ≤1.87) films prepared by radio-frequency sputtering are investigated. The CL intensities for the as-deposited films are weak but they increase after thermal annealing at 900 and 1100 °C. One of features in the CL spectra for the films annealed at 1100 °C is a peak at a photon energy of ∼2.7 eV with an asymmetric tail on the lower energy side. In order to analyze the spectral features, optical transition energies are calculated for Sin clusters with n = 2–5, embedded in a SiOx matrix, by ab initio molecular orbital calculation. In addition, the probabilities of formation are statistically estimated for those Si clusters under the assumption of a chemically ordered random network for the SiOx network. The comparison of the experimental results with the calculated transition energies and the statistics of the Si clusters suggests that a contribution of the Si2 clusters to the CL spectra are dominant, whereas those of the Sin clusters with n > 3 are considerably small.
A method to visualize orientation-independent forces in real-time during cochlear implant electrode array insertion (2022)

As cochlear implants are increasingly used for patients with residual hearing, atraumatic insertion of the electrode array (EA) is essential. Insertion forces are considered a risk factor for intracochlear trauma, but their evaluation is limited by the surgeon’s abilities of force perception at the fingertips. We recently developed a hand-held tool to enable measurement of insertion forces. Herein, we describe a solution how to process and visualize the measured data to the surgeon in real-time.
First Genome Sequence of Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VIIi from Jordan (2018)

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) from total RNA isolated from a chicken spleen of a backyard flock in Jordan. The complete coding genome sequence of NDV/chicken/Jordan/J11-spleen/2018 was obtained with MiSeq (Illumina) sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated coding sequences classified the virus as class II subgenotype VIIi.
One-Step Conversion from Core–Shell Metal–Organic Framework Materials to Cobalt and Nitrogen Codoped Carbon Nanopolyhedra with Hierarchically Porous Structure for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction (2017)

Rational design of porous structure is an effective way to fabricate the nonprecious metal electrocatalysts (NPMCs) toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high activity comparable or even superior to Pt-based electrocatalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a facile synthetic route to fabricate cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon nanopolyhedra with hierarchically porous structure (Co,N-HCNP) by one-step carbonization of core-shell structured ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystals. The resultant Co,N-HCNP electrocatalyst possesses a unique hierarchically micro/mesoporous structure with internal micropores and external mesopores, of which sufficient exposure and accessibility of ORR active sites can be achieved due to the large specific surface area and efficient transport pathway. More importantly, the existence of ZIF-8 core in the core-shell structured ZIF-8@ZIF-67 can promote the homogeneous pyrolysis of ZIF-67 shell, leading to a uniform distribution of Co-N<sub>x</sub> active sites for Co,N-HCNP. As a result, the well-designed Co,N-HCNP electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable ORR activity with a high onset potential comparable to the commercial Pt/C, a half-wave potential of 0.855 V (9 mV more positive than that of Pt/C), and a kinetic current density of 63.84 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 0.8 V (2.3-fold enhancement compared with that of Pt/C) in alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, the Co,N-HCNP electrocatalyst also presents outstanding electrochemical durability and methanol tolerance in comparison with Pt/C. The unique hierarchically porous structure of Co,N-HCNP achieved in this work provides a new insight into the design and synthesis of nanoarchitecture with targeted pore structure and opens a new avenue for the synthesis of highly efficient NPMCs for ORR.
A phase I, randomized study of combined IL-2 and therapeutic immunisation with antiretroviral therapy (2007)

Induction of HIV-1-specific cell-mediated responses is a major challenge in chronically HIV-1-infected patients even when combining immunisation with IL-2 therapy. An antigen-specific IL-4-associated suppressive response may play a role in attenuating HIV-specific responses.
Automated cerebral data acquisition during cardiopulmonary bypass (2002)

The authors are engaged in a study to identify those factors that predict patients at increased risk of cerebral dysfunction following cardiac surgery. In order to evaluate predictors of potential cerebral injury, the physiological data from different monitors must first be collected and integrated into a format suitable for formal analysis. The authors' approach is to combine data from standard patient monitors with data from special monitors into a single record and display it using a personal computer running a data acquisition program written in a graphical development system; LabVIEW for Windows. The authors show both their data acquisition system and its application during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance improvement in silicon arrayed waveguide grating by suppression of scattering near the boundary of a star coupler (2015)

We investigate the reduction of transition loss across the star coupler boundary in a silicon arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) by suppressing multimode generation and scattering near the boundary of a star coupler. Eight-channel silicon AWGs were designed with optimal conditions based on enhanced field matching in combination with ultrashallow etched structures. The fabricated AWG demonstrates an insertion loss down to 0.63 dB with a cross talk of -23 to -25.3 dB, exhibiting ~0.8 dB improvement of insertion loss and ~4 dB improvement of cross talk compared to the Si AWG fabricated with a conventional double-etch technique.
Ionic liquid-decorated COF and its covalent composite aerogel for selective CO2 adsorption and catalytic conversion (2019)

Herein, we report an allyl-imidazolium ionic liquid decorated COF and its covalent composite <bold>COF@chitosan</bold> aerogel, which were shown to be excellent selective CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbents and chemical conversion catalysts.
Chemical synthesis of venom peptides using directed-disulfide bond formation (2018)

We herein describe a method to direct disulfide bond formation of peptides containing up to three disulfide bridges. This method is based on the use of several protecting groups of cysteine. The selective and sequential formation of two disulfide bridges was first developed and optimized on the conotoxin analogue NMB-1, allowing formation of disulfide bonds in a one-pot fashion. We finally successfully applied this strategy to the synthesis of the spider toxin SGTx1 that contains 3 disulfide bridges.
An emissivity-invariant condition of silicon wafers and its application to radiation thermometry (2009)

The emissivity behavior of a silicon wafer is simulated using a simple modeling of the spectral, directional and polarization characteristics of thermal radiation. This study reveals that the p-polarized spectral emissivity of the silicon wafer at a specified direction remains constant. Then, subsequent experiments confirmed the simulated results that the p-polarized emissivity of silicon wafers is maintained to be 0.83 at an angle of 55.4° and a wavelength of 0.9 µm in spite of wide variations in oxide film thickness from 0 to 950 nm, temperature over 900 K as well as resistivity from 0.01 to 2000 Ωcm relevant to impurity concentrations doped into the silicon wafer. The overall extended uncertainty (k =2) of the temperature measurement is estimated to be 3.82 K over 900 K at the moment. This result is expected to enable significantly more accurate in situ radiation thermometry of silicon wafers in real manufacturing processes.
Quantitative structural geology - a graphical approach (1985)

People living with HIV (PLHIV) frequently travel, including to the tropics, with a variable risk of infection by one of the species of Plasmodium, the hemoprotozoan parasite responsible for malaria. The HIV-malaria co-infection increases the risk of severe malaria, in proportion to the degree of immunosuppression. Protective measures against mosquito bites and antimalarial drug prophylaxis are recommended for PLHIV travelling to malaria highly endemic areas. PLHIV, as compared to the general population, are less likely to attend a pre-travel consultation prior to departure. Among returning travelers with malaria, early diagnosis and artemisinin-based treatments are the main determinants of successful treatment outcome.
Adaptive transaction scheduling for transactional memory systems (2008)

Transactional memory systems are expected to enable parallel programming at lower programming complexity, while delivering improved performance over traditional lock-based systems. Nonetheless, there are certain situations where transactional memory systems could actually perform worse. Transactional memory systems can outperform locks only when the executing workloads contain sufficient parallelism. When the workload lacks inherent parallelism, launching excessive transactions can adversely degrade performance. These situations are likely to become dominant in future workloads when large-scale transactions are frequently executed. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm called adaptive transaction scheduling to address this issue. Based on the parallelism feedback from applications, our adaptive transaction scheduler dynamically dispatches and controls the number of concurrently executing transactions. In our case study, we show that our low-cost mechanism not only guarantees that hardware transactional memory systems perform no worse than a single global lock, but also significantly improves performance for both hardware and software transactional memory systems.
Vision-based Lane-Vehicle Detection and Tracking (2009)

This chapter presents a vision‐based lane‐vehicle detection and tracking system comprising of (i) enhanced lane boundary detection, (ii) linear‐parabolic lane region tracking, and (iii) vehicle detection with a proposed possible vehicle region verification. First, a road image is partitioned into sky and road region. Lane boundaries are then extracted from the road region using line model estimation without applying Hough Transform. These detected boundaries are tracked in consecutive video frames with possible edges scanning and linear‐parabolic modeling. An approximate lane region is subsequently constructed with the predicted model parameters. By integrating the knowledge of lane region with vehicle detection, vehicle searching region is restricted to the road area so as to detect the shadow underneath a vehicle continuously with less interference to the road environment and non‐vehicle structures. A self‐adjusting bounding box is used to extract likely vehicle region for further verification. Besides horizontal symmetry detection, a vertical asymmetry measurement is presented to validate the extracted region and to obtain the center of frontal vehicle. Simulation results have revealed good performance of lane‐vehicle detection and tracking system.