gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near Linear-Work Parallel SDD Solvers, Low-Diameter Decomposition, and\n Low-Stretch Subgraphs (2011)

We present the design and analysis of a near linear-work parallel algorithm\nfor solving symmetric diagonally dominant (SDD) linear systems. On input of a\nSDD $n$-by-$n$ matrix $A$ with $m$ non-zero entries and a vector $b$, our\nalgorithm computes a vector $\\tilde{x}$ such that $\\norm[A]{\\tilde{x} - A^+b}\n\\leq \\vareps \\cdot \\norm[A]{A^+b}$ in $O(m\\log^{O(1)}{n}\\log{\\frac1\\epsilon})$\nwork and $O(m^{1/3+\\theta}\\log \\frac1\\epsilon)$ depth for any fixed $\\theta &gt;\n0$.\n The algorithm relies on a parallel algorithm for generating low-stretch\nspanning trees or spanning subgraphs. To this end, we first develop a parallel\ndecomposition algorithm that in polylogarithmic depth and $\\otilde(|E|)$ work,\npartitions a graph into components with polylogarithmic diameter such that only\na small fraction of the original edges are between the components. This can be\nused to generate low-stretch spanning trees with average stretch\n$O(n^{\\alpha})$ in $O(n^{1+\\alpha})$ work and $O(n^{\\alpha})$ depth.\nAlternatively, it can be used to generate spanning subgraphs with\npolylogarithmic average stretch in $\\otilde(|E|)$ work and polylogarithmic\ndepth. We apply this subgraph construction to derive a parallel linear system\nsolver. By using this solver in known applications, our results imply improved\nparallel randomized algorithms for several problems, including single-source\nshortest paths, maximum flow, minimum-cost flow, and approximate maximum flow.\n
On the delay and throughput of digital and analog network coding for wireless broadcast (2008)

We address the problem of exchanging broadcast packets among multiple wireless terminals through a single relay node. The objective is to evaluate the delay and throughput gains of network coding over plain routing. We compare digital network coding at the packet level with analog network coding based on scheduled or random access of terminal transmissions that are forwarded by the relay node. For error-free channels, the performance gain of both types of network coding scales with the number of terminals, if they can overhear each other's transmissions. For channels with noise or packet erasures, we formulate network coding as a multiuser communication problem. The multi-dimensional performance measures involve the packet delay, the throughput rate and the probability of decoding error or decoding failure that are optimized either by plain routing, digital or analog network coding depending on the number of terminals and channel properties. Our results open up new questions regarding the use of wireless network coding and illustrate the delay, throughput and reliability trade-offs.
End-to-end SIP based real time application adaptation during unplanned vertical handovers (2002)

This paper describes practical tests and evaluation of different ways in which the session initiation protocol (SIP) could be used to assist application adaptation for IP applications during a vertical handover (VH), that is one between base stations that are using different wireless link technologies. Such an approach has been implemented on a software testbed based at the Centre for Telecommunication Research (CTR), King's College London as part of a joint project with BTexact Technologies.
Correlation between cerebral hemodynamic and perfusion pressure changes in non-human primates (2017)

The mechanism that maintains a stable blood flow in the brain despite changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and therefore guaranties a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to the neurons, is known as cerebral autoregulation (CA). In a certain range of CPP, blood flow is mediated by a vasomotor adjustment in vascular resistance through dilation of blood vessels. CA is known to be impaired in diseases like traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, stroke, hydrocephalus and others. If CA is impaired, blood flow and pressure changes are coupled and the oxygen supply might be unstable. Lassen's blood flow autoregulation curve describes this mechanism, where a plateau of stable blood flow in a specific range of CPP corresponds to intact autoregulation. Knowing the limits of this plateau and maintaining CPP within these limits can improve patient outcome. Since CPP is influenced by both intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure, long term changes in either can lead to autoregulation impairment. Non-invasive methods for monitoring blood flow autoregulation are therefore needed. We propose to use Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to fill this need. NIRS is an optical technique, which measures microvascular changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. We pe erformed experiments on non-human primates during exsanguination to demonstrate that the limits of blood flow autoregulation can be accessed with NIRS.
Evaluation of post-treatment filter, Part I: Experimental study of DMMP and DIMP filtration at high temperature and high dew point using activated carbon. Final report, November 1994-September 1995 (1996)

A series of experimental results are reported for breakthrough of the agent simulants DMMP and DIMP on coconut carbon. This adsorbent is used in filters for the Chemical Demiliterization program. The conditions were appropriate for a post treatment stack gas filter. Results indicate that high capacity and long filtration times are achievable under moderate humidity conditions up to 180 degrees F.
IVET experiments in Pseudomonas fluorescens reveal cryptic promoters at loci associated with recognizable overlapping genes (2004)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Analysis of loss of receiving transformer caused by harmonic current and voltage for loss reduction (2010)

Recently, harmonic current flowing into power system is increasing due to power electronics equipments. In addition, harmonic voltage is also increasing according to the increase of harmonic current. Harmonic current and voltage may cause increase of loss in receiving power transformers. However, systematic analysis of the loss of receiving power transformers has not been studied. The authors has been tried to analyze the relationship between loss in receiving transformers and harmonics. A 20kVA power system simulator was developed in order to achieve this study. There are however several problems to be solved to get enough date to establish the equation between loss and harmonics. In this paper, experimental results of loss of receiving transformer after some improvements will be reported. The obtained data is accurate enough to analyze loss caused by harmonics. In addition, the reduction effect of the losses using a power-factor improving capacitor at low-voltage side will be discussed through theoretical analysis and experiments.
Mixed Zn and O substitution of Co and Mn in ZnO (2011)

The physical properties of an impurity atom in a semiconductor are primarily determined by the lattice site it occupies. In general, this occupancy can be correctly predicted based on chemical intuition, but not always. We report on one such exception in the dilute magnetic semiconductors Co- and Mn-doped ZnO, experimentally determining the lattice location of Co and Mn using ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-emission channeling from the decay of radioactive ${}^{61}$Co and ${}^{56}$Mn implanted at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. Surprisingly, in addition to the majority substituting for Zn, we find up to 18% (27%) of the Co (Mn) atoms in O sites, which is virtually unaffected by thermal annealing up to 900${\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$C. We discuss how this anion site configuration, which had never been considered before for any transition metal in any metal oxide material, may in fact have a low formation energy. This suggests a change in paradigm regarding transition-metal incorporation in ZnO and possibly other oxides and wide-gap semiconductors.
The position and frequency of fluorine atoms changes the electron donor/acceptor properties of fluorophenoxy silicon phthalocyanines within organic photovoltaic devices (2015)

Novel silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) were characterized and applied within organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices as electron acceptor or electron donor layers.
Effect of hydromechanical stress on cellular antigens ofBordetella pertussis (1996)

Cells of Bordetella pertussis grown in a bioreactor under stirring conditions were studied to investigate the effect of shear stress on cellular-bound filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA). FHA attached to the bacterial surface, unlike extracellular FHA, was not affected at the shear levels tested. Moreover, no other cellular immunogen involved in the whole-cell protective activity seemed to be affected by hydromechanical forces.
Community support for basic education in Sub-Saharan Africa (2001)

While Africa has some of the world's strongest communities, service delivery tends to take place through functionality, and physically remote government structures. Despite important reforms that have taken place in many African countries in recent years, this remains especially true of education, where communities often continue to be neglected as partners in development. In the meantime, evidence is growing from a wide range of interventions, including those supported by the World Bank, that community involvement in schooling can have dramatic impacts on education access, retention, and quality. This paper summarizes the benefits, and risks involved in expanding the role of Africa's communities in education, and explores what communities ca, and cannot be expected to do, including what support would be needed to play an enhanced role in education. If community support is to contribute to access, quality, and equity in education, then clear, contextual strategies must be developed in a systematic manner. Communities must also be placed at the center of education change - as partners to governments, civil society and donor organizations, and as sources of knowledge, and educators. Only then will Africa's communities (and parents) be rightfully be placed as stakeholders in their education systems, able to ensure their children's basic education.
How financial liberalization in Indonesia affected firms' capital structure and investment decisions (1992)

How did financial liberalization affect Indonesian firms? The authors analyzed real and financial indicators for the establishments in their panel of Indonesian manufacturing establishments for 1981-88. Their sample was not representative, but their evidence shows that economic reform had favorable effect on the performance of smaller firms. Liberalization helped reallocate domestic credit toward smaller firms to a level roughly proportionate to their contribution to value-added. Moreover, other firms were successful in replacing expensive domestic credit with cheaper foreign credit, releasing some domestic credit to establishments that lacked access to it. Nominal and real interest rates rose to very high levels, but real returns to capital assets remain high and have increased substantially for small and medium-size exporting establishments. For all groups, higher rates of financial leverage gave rise to extremely high returns on owned equity. Medium-size firms - both conglomerate and non-conglomerate - have had the highest rates of return to capital, financial leverage, and returns to equity. Financial reform has had a significant impact on firm's real and financial choices. Shifting from administrative allocations of credit to market-based allocations has increased borrowing costs, particularly for smaller firms, but it has also widened access to finance. The net effect appears to have been a decrease in the degree of market segmentation and a relaxation of financial constraints to the benefit of investment activity.
Adapting Texas Instruments DLP technology to demonstrate a phase spatial light modulator (2019)

A prototype of a Phase Spatial Light Modulator (PLM) device has been developed and demonstrated using DLP Micro-ElectroMechanical System (MEMS) based technology. Designed for a visible (405nm to 632nm) laser, this device uses an array of individually-addressable, digitally-controlled PLM micromirrors that can be addressed to multiple discrete vertical positions. The MEMS superstructure process flow used for DMD micromirrors was adapted to enable manufacturing this device on top of an existing DLP technology CMOS device. The prototype has demonstrated good uniformity across the array and the ability to steer light using phase light modulation. A discussion of some initial performance metrics as well as potential applications will be presented.
Y-Box Protein 1 Stimulates Mesangial Cell Proliferation via Activation of ERK1/2 (2009)

YB-1 has an apparent stimulatory effect on c-Raf, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and cell-cycle progression in MCs, after which activated ERK1/2 goes on to upregulate YB-1 expression and augment the proliferative effect of YB-1.
Illumination invariant intensity-based image registration using chaos theory (2013)

Accurate and robust registration of image pairs is of interest in many fields that use computer vision such as surveillance and medical diagnostics. In each of these fields the area-based (or voxel-based) approach to image registration is popular, however it is known that these methods are sensitive to illumination change where incorrect results are common. Past work in applying chaos theory to computer vision has demonstrated that the underlying physics of illumination change versus contextual change result in very different behavior when analyzed in phase space. Illumination is deterministic and results in non-fractal phase space behavior, while contextual change is chaos-like and results in complex fractal regions in phase space. A chaos-theoretic approach to image registration is presented with favorable results compared to the traditional and very popular Mutual Information measure.
DNA Methylation--A Regulatory Signal in Eukaryotic Gene Expression (1981)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
The quest for the central players governing pollen tube growth and guidance (2020)

Recent insights into the mechanism of pollen tube growth and guidance point to the importance of H+ dynamics, which are regulated by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase.
Effects of Placental Protein 13 on the Cardiovascular System in Gravid and Non-Gravid Rodents (2013)

This is the first study describing effects of PP13 on vasodilatation and uterine artery remodeling. The results imply that PP13 may have a physiological role in improving uteroplacental blood flow. The findings of this study make it tempting to speculate that keeping PP13 levels within a certain 'therapeutic window' during pregnancy may facilitate proper adaptation of the maternal vasculature to pregnancy.
Examples of Mesh and NURBS modelling for in vivo lung counting studies (2010)

Realistic calibration coefficients for in vivo counting installations are assessed using voxel phantoms and Monte Carlo calculations. However, voxel phantoms construction is time consuming and their flexibility extremely limited. This paper involves Mesh and non-uniform rational B-splines graphical formats, of greater flexibility, to optimise the calibration of in vivo counting installations. Two studies validating the use of such phantoms and involving geometry deformation and modelling were carried out to study the morphologic effect on lung counting efficiency. The created 3D models fitted with the reference ones, with volumetric differences of <5 %. Moreover, it was found that counting efficiency varies with the inverse of lungs' volume and that the latter primes when compared with chest wall thickness. Finally, a series of different thoracic female phantoms of various cup sizes, chest girths and internal organs' volumes were created starting from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) adult female reference computational phantom to give correction factors for the lung monitoring of female workers.
What do we mean when we write “senescence,”“apoptosis,”“necrosis,” or “clearance of dying cells”? (2010)

The clearance of dying cells has become an important field of research. Apart from a significant increase in our understanding of the mechanisms for uptake, cell clearance is a basic mechanism in tissue homeostasis, cancer, resolution of inflammation, induction of tolerance, and autoimmunity. Phagocytosis of dying cells is a complex process, involving many interacting molecules on the dying cell and the phagocyte, and in the microenvironment. Although much is known on the subject, there are many questions and unknown variables that remain under investigation. Naturally, different terms were developed, among which some are misused, leading sometimes to pseudoconflicts of understanding. Several receptors were described as "phosphatidylserine receptor: are they all equal?" We will revise terms such as apoptosis, primary and secondary necrosis, lysed cells, senescent cells, clearance of apoptotic cells, efferocytosis, and more. We will try to point out misnomers, misunderstandings, and contradictions, and to define a consensual vocabulary.
Access to higher education (1997)

Aims to explore the various factors that influenced the outcomes of an orientation course for nurses and midwives entering higher education for the first time. Data were gathered by questionnaire and findings analysed to determine potential enabling and inhibiting factors affecting individual academic performance. Evidence suggests that there are a number of interrelating influences which affect success or failure and quality issues related to courses of this type must take a wider view than just the initial academic profile of the individual.
A more accurate reconstruction system matrix for quantitative proton computed tomography (2009)

An accurate system matrix is required for quantitative proton CT (pCT) image reconstruction with iterative projection algorithms. The system matrix is composed of chord lengths of individual proton path intersections with reconstruction pixels. In previous work, reconstructions were performed assuming constant intersection chord lengths, which led to systematic errors of the reconstructed proton stopping powers. The purpose of the present work was to introduce a computationally efficient variable intersection chord length in order to improve the accuracy of the system matrix. An analytical expression that takes into account the discrete stepping nature of the pCT most likely path (MLP) reconstruction procedure was created to describe an angle-dependent effective mean chord length function. A pCT dataset was simulated with GEANT4 using a parallel beam of 200 MeV protons intersecting a computerized head phantom consisting of tissue-equivalent materials with known relative stopping power. The phantom stopping powers were reconstructed with the constant chord length, exact chord length, and effective mean chord length approaches, in combination with the algebraic reconstruction technique. Relative stopping power errors were calculated for each anatomical phantom region and compared for the various methods. It was found that the error of approximately 10% in the mean reconstructed stopping power value for a given anatomical region, resulting from a system matrix with a constant chord length, could be reduced to less than 0.5% with either the effective mean chord length or exact chord length approaches. Reconstructions with the effective mean chord length were found to be approximately 20% faster than reconstructions with an exact chord length. The effective mean chord length method provides the possibility for more accurate, computationally efficient quantitative pCT reconstructions.
Enhanced electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction by restacking of N-doped single graphene layers (2013)

Graphene, which is a two-dimensional layer structure of sp2-hybridized carbon, has been highlighted recently as a promising material for energy conversion. Herein, graphene-derived catalysts are developed for application in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in acidic media via heat-treatment with dicyandiamide and a small amount (<1 wt.%) of transition metal. In ORRs, bare graphene exhibits 0.58 V (vs. RHE) of the onset potential; however, it increases to ∼0.9 V through modification steps and records a mass activity of 1.28 mA mg−1 at 0.75 V. Through the correlation curve between the ORR activities and the number of restacked graphene layers, it is proposed that the stacking of a few layers is desirable in the ORRs rather than a single layer catalyst. The graphene-derived catalysts exhibit graphite properties of facile electron transfer as the restacking of graphene layers increases, without degradation of the pyridinic-N on the graphene edge.
Vinylation of Aryl Bromides Using an Inexpensive Vinylpolysiloxane (2005)

[reaction: see text] A mild and general method for the palladium-catalyzed vinylation of aryl bromides has been developed. The use of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as the activator and an inexpensive and nontoxic vinyl donor, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (D(4)(V), 1), allows for a general and high-yielding preparation of substituted styrenes.
Influence of furnish moisture content and press cycle on briquette integrity. (1990)

On etudie l'influence de l'humidite des residus de bois, du temps de sejour dans la presse et de la charge de compression sur l'integrite des briquettes combustibles mesuree par la resistance au cisaillement au centre et par la distribution de densite
Utility of Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine for Disease Treatment (2021)

Nanomaterials have many applications including in medicine and pharmaceutical sciences. Nanomaterials have been used as an integrated part of the nanomedicine development for diverse applications in drug delivery, protein and peptide delivery, controlled release of drug/gene, vaccine delivery, and diagnosis. A variety of biomaterials/inorganic materials have been used for designing suitable drug delivery systems capable of drug targeting, improved drug distribution, and minimizing the dose-associated side effects/toxicity. This chapter outlines the various nanomaterials that have been utilized in the disease treatment. The salient features of these nanocarriers have been described with recent research progress in the field.