gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programmable low-power consumption all-optical nonlinear activation functions using a micro-ring resonator with phase-change materials (2022)

A programmable hardware implementation of all-optical nonlinear activation functions for different scenarios and applications in all-optical neural networks is essential. We demonstrate a programmable, low-loss all-optical activation function device based on a silicon micro-ring resonator loaded with phase change materials. Four different nonlinear activation functions of Relu, ELU, Softplus and radial basis functions are implemented for incident signal light of the same wavelength. The maximum power consumption required to switch between the four different nonlinear activation functions in calculation is only 1.748 nJ. The simulation of classification of hand-written digit images also shows that they can perform well as alternative nonlinear activation functions. The device we design can serve as nonlinear units in photonic neural networks, while its nonlinear transfer function can be flexibly programmed to optimize the performance of different neuromorphic tasks.
swarm: SWARM 2.1.5 (2015)

Swarm 2.1.5 fixes minor bugs.
Efficacy of Topical N -Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (2010)

Topical administration of NAC is thought to be effective and well tolerated in patients with MGD.
An architectural approach to minimizing feature interactions in telecommunications (1996)

Feature interaction, in the context of telecommunications, is the phenomenon where a user (end-user or system operator) observes services failing to perform as expected, and where the failures are due to the presence of other services (or multiple instances of a single service) in the network. We propose an architectural approach to minimize the problem of feature interaction while increasing the reusability of software for services. Our approach recognizes that currently many assumptions about service operations and system capabilities are implicitly built into the service software architecture. We claim that many nontrivial feature interactions arise when services or technologies with new capabilities, based on conflicting assumptions, are introduced. We propose an architecture based on software agents and separation of concerns. A processing model for service-independent interaction management within the agent architecture is discussed. This architecture effectively removes many common assumptions about roles and technology from the service software architecture, thus reducing the need to provide ad hoc solutions to particular feature interactions. We demonstrate the power of such an architecture by showing how it deals with examples of interactions among existing services, interactions introduced by Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), and its applicability to emerging broadband and multimedia service requirements. We also consider the architecture in the context of the intelligent network.
A Novel Hybrid Platform for Live/Dead Bacteria Accurate Sorting by On-Chip DEP Device (2023)

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) forecasts, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) will be the leading cause of death worldwide in the next decades. To prevent this phenomenon, rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) techniques are required to drive the selection of the most suitable antibiotic and its dosage. In this context, we propose an on-chip platform, based on a micromixer and a microfluidic channel, combined with a pattern of engineered electrodes to exploit the di-electrophoresis (DEP) effect. The role of the micromixer is to ensure the proper interaction of the antibiotic with the bacteria over a long time (≈1 h), and the DEP-based microfluidic channel enables the efficient sorting of live from dead bacteria. A sorting efficiency of more than 98%, with low power consumption (<i>V<sub>pp</sub></i> = 1 V) and time response of 5 s, within a chip footprint of ≈86 mm<sup>2</sup>, has been calculated, which makes the proposed system very attractive and innovative for efficient and rapid monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility at the single-bacterium level in next-generation medicine.
Short communication A magnetoencephalographic component whose latency reflects lexical (2001)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measured subjects' brain responses during a lexical decision task. The words employed come from six frequency categories, which were defined in terms of a linear decrease in log-frequency. Although frequency effects in reaction-time are well-documented in studies of lexical access, a neural component whose latency predicts reaction time has not been discovered. This study identifies an MEG component (the M350) whose latency mirrors the frequency-effect. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Field Effect Deep Networks for Image Recognition with Incomplete Data (2016)

Image recognition with incomplete data is a well-known hard problem in computer vision and machine learning. This article proposes a novel deep learning technique called Field Effect Bilinear Deep Networks (FEBDN) for this problem. To address the difficulties of recognizing incomplete data, we design a novel second-order deep architecture with the Field Effect Restricted Boltzmann Machine, which models the reliability of the delivered information according to the availability of the features. Based on this new architecture, we propose a new three-stage learning procedure with field effect bilinear initialization, field effect abstraction and estimation, and global fine-tuning with missing features adjustment. By integrating the reliability of features into the new learning procedure, the proposed FEBDN can jointly determine the classification boundary and estimate the missing features. FEBDN has demonstrated impressive performance on recognition and estimation tasks in various standard datasets.
A novel dissolution media for testing drug release from a nanostructured polysaccharide-based colon specific drug delivery system: an approach to alternative colon media (2016)

The aim of this study was to develop a novel microbially triggered and animal-sparing dissolution method for testing of nanorough polysaccharide-based micron granules for colonic drug delivery. In this method, probiotic cultures of bacteria present in the colonic region were prepared and added to the dissolution media and compared with the performance of conventional dissolution methodologies (such as media with rat cecal and human fecal media). In this study, the predominant species (such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus species, Eubacterium and Streptococcus) were cultured in 12% w/v skimmed milk powder and 5% w/v grade "A" honey. Approximately 10(10)-10(11) colony forming units m/L of probiotic culture was added to the dissolution media to test the drug release of polysaccharide-based formulations. A USP dissolution apparatus I/II using a gradient pH dissolution method was used to evaluate drug release from formulations meant for colonic drug delivery. Drug release of guar gum/Eudragit FS30D coated 5-fluorouracil granules was assessed under gastric and small intestine conditions within a simulated colonic environment involving fermentation testing with the probiotic culture. The results with the probiotic system were comparable to those obtained from the rat cecal and human fecal-based fermentation model, thereby suggesting that a probiotic dissolution method can be successfully applied for drug release testing of any polysaccharide-based oral formulation meant for colonic delivery. As such, this study significantly adds to the nanostructured biomaterials' community by elucidating an easier assay for colonic drug delivery.
1.8-MHz, 48-V Resonant VRM: Analysis, Design, and Performance Evaluation (2006)

A detailed analysis of operation and a basic design procedure for a new high-frequency (HF) resonant-converter technology with phase-shifted regulation is presented. The new HF resonant technology has a good potential to be a cost-effective solution for the voltage regulation modules (VRMs) for the next generations of microprocessor systems. The new HF resonant technology is employed in the development of a 1.8-MHz, 48-V, 130-W (0.95–1.7 V, 100A) VRM. Experimental results are provided.
Online Caching and Cooperative Forwarding in Information Centric Networking (2018)

Information centric networking is one of the most promising future Internet architectures to tackle the increasing network traffic by enabling in-network caching to cache popular contents. Although in-network caching reduces the network traffic by providing requested content locally to the users, several challenging issues are still unsolved. For example, identical contents are replicated in all routers along each request's forwarding path, which incurs faster cache replacement and degrades cache utilization, and temporally cached content's locations are not easy to track or search in the network. Besides, it is tough to correctly predict future popularity of contents and decide which contents to store. Hence, in this paper, an online caching and cooperative forwarding scheme is proposed to enhance cache utilization and to reduce network delay, as well as reduce the workload on each router. The caching problem is formulated as a Ski-Rental problem, which is a classical method for online decision making, in combination with consistent-hashing to obtain an online coordinated caching solution. The proposed request forwarding scheme is based on consistent-hashing, where every router knows the potential location of the cached copy of the requested content and thereby avoiding the unnecessary forwarding. Finally, the proposed request forwarding and caching schemes were validated by a chunk-level simulator. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of content hit rate, server load, the processing load on routers, and access delay.
PREDICTING CHLORIDE LEVELS IN MARINE CONCRETE (1999)

The durability of reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment is primarily dependent on chloride ingress through th cover concrete protecting the reinforcement. Predictions of durability can be made by defining the material, assessing the environmental conditions, and monitoring the durability performan of the material in that environment. Reliable predictions of chlo ingress into concrete therefore require early-age chloride-resist testing, a rational system of classifying the marine environment long-term monitoring of durability performance. The development o empirical chloride prediction model is discussed and long-term validations with results from structures considered. The model ha the advantage that it makes allowance for construction effects, concrete types and different marine exposure conditions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E117314.
Network Functional Compression (2021)

In this paper, we consider different aspects of the network functional compression problem where computation of a function (or, some functions) of sources located at certain nodes in a network is desired at receiver(s). The rate region of this problem has been considered in the literature under certain restrictive assumptions, particularly in terms of the network topology, the functions and the characteristics of the sources. In this paper, we present results that significantly relax these assumptions. Firstly, we consider this problem for an arbitrary tree network and asymptotically lossless computation. We show that, for depth one trees with correlated sources, or for general trees with independent sources, a modularized coding scheme based on graph colorings and Slepian-Wolf compression performs arbitrarily closely to rate lower bounds. For a general tree network with independent sources, optimal computation to be performed at intermediate nodes is derived. We introduce a necessary and sufficient condition on graph colorings of any achievable coding scheme, called coloring connectivity condition (C.C.C.). Secondly, we investigate the effect of having several functions at the receiver. In this problem, we derive a rate region and propose a coding scheme based on graph colorings. Thirdly, we consider the functional compression problem with feedback. We show that, in this problem, unlike Slepian-Wolf compression, by having feedback, one may outperform rate bounds of the case without feedback. Fourthly, we investigate functional computation problem with distortion. We compute a rate-distortion region for this problem. Then, we propose a simple suboptimal coding scheme with a non-trivial performance guarantee. Finally, we introduce cases where finding minimum entropy colorings and therefore, optimal coding schemes can be performed in polynomial time.
Assessment of temperature dependence of the low frequency noise in unstrained and strained FinFETs (2011)

This paper aims at the studying the low frequency noise from 100 K up to room temperature in n- and p-channel triple-gate FinFET transistors with 25 nm fin-width, 65 nm fin-height, a high-k dielectric / metal gate stack, strained and unstrained substrates. These investigations allow evaluating the quality of the gate oxide interface, to identify defects in the silicon film and to make a correlation between the observed defects and some technological steps.
A Flexible Telecommunication Architecture for Human Planetary Exploration Based on the BASALT Science-Driven Mars Analog (2019)

There is a synergistic relationship between analog field testing and the deep space telecommunication capabilities necessary for future human exploration. The BASALT (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) research project developed and implemented a telecommunications architecture that serves as a high-fidelity analog of future telecommunication capabilities for Mars. This paper presents the architecture and its constituent elements. The rationale for the various protocols and radio frequency (RF) link types required to enable an interdisciplinary field mission are discussed, and the performance results from the BASALT field tests are provided. Extravehicular Informatics Backpacks (EVIB) designed for BASALT and tested by human subjects are also discussed, and the proceeding sections show how these prototype extravehicular activity (EVA) information systems can augment future human exploration. The paper concludes with an aggregate analysis of the data product types and data volumes generated, transferred, and utilized by the ground team and explorers over the course of the field deployments.
Donor and ligand effects on acetylene reduction with cobalt(II)–thiol complex catalysts (1977)

Donor and ligand effects on acetylene reduction with thiol–CoII complex catalysts have been investigated and compared with results for the corresponding Mo catalysts, which show a different product distribution; sulphydryl- and imidazole-containing peptide ligands show high catalytic activity.
Feature Extraction Techniques of Non-Stationary Signals for Fault Diagnosis in Machinery Systems (2012)

Previously, fault diagnosis of fixed or steady state mechanical failures (e.g., pumps in nuclear power plant turbines, engines or other key equipment) applied spectrum analysis (e.g., fast Fourier transform, FFT) to extract the frequency features as the basis for identifying the causes of failure types. However, mechanical equipment for increasingly instant speed variations (e.g., wind turbine transmissions or the mechanical arms used in 3C assemblies, etc.) mostly generate non-stationary signals, and the signal features must be averaged with analysis time which makes it difficult to identify the causes of failures. This study proposes a time frequency order spectrum method combining the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and speed frequency order method to capture the order features of non-stationary signals. Such signal features do not change with speed, and are thus effective in identifying faults in mechanical components under non-stationary conditions. In this study, back propagation neural networks (BPNN) and time frequency order spectrum methods were used to verify faults diagnosis and obtained superior diagnosis results in non-stationary signals of gear-rotor systems.
Combined Effects of γ-Irradiation and Ascorbic Acid on the Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Stability and Aroma Profile of Onion Puree During Storage (2014)

The onion was first pureed and then added with 0.5% ascorbic acid before it was γ-irradiated at 2 kGy. The puree was then stored at 4, 10 and 27C for up to 28 days. Changes monitored included pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, color, total bacteria and yeast counts, organic acids and sensory property of the puree. Results show that the combined treatments reduced the contamination levels of the total bacteria and yeasts, and it helped to stabilize the color, and other physicochemical properties, such as pH, acidity, organic acid composition and contents of cold-stored onion puree. This study has shown that onion puree kept the initial color of fresh onion puree after 2 kGy γ-irradiation if it contained 0.5% ascorbic acid and storage at 4C for 28 days. Practical Applications Thermal treatment is a common method to reduce microbiological contamination. However, thermal treatment can diminish nutrient value of food and reduce the foods flavor and aroma. Nonthermal processing, such as additives and irradiation, that reduce microbial content without effects on flavor, color and nutrient value of the foods is developing. The present study investigated the combined effect of γ-irradiation and added ascorbic acid on yellow onion (Allium cepa Linnaeus, Lilliaceae).
Quality of experience-based routing in multi-service wireless mesh networks (2012)

We develop an optimization framework for Quality of Experience (QoE)-based routing in multi-service Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). The framework takes into account the heterogeneous requirements of different services delivered over a WMN, such that the overall end-user QoE is maximized under given resource constraints. We propose a novel QoE-aware double reinforcement learning strategy for dynamically computing the most efficient routes to deliver the flows of each service type. Comprehensive NS-2-based simulations demonstrate the substantial performance gains that our approach enables over conventional routing techniques such as AODV, with significant improvement over video quality.
Development and Use of a Computer Simulation of the Turbocompounded Diesel System for Engine Performance and Component Heat Transfer Studies (1986)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A computer simulation of the turbocharged turbocompounded direct-injection diesel engine system has been developed in order to study the performance characteristics of the total system as major design parameters and materials are varied. Quasi-steady flow models of the compressor, turbines, manifolds, intercooler, and ducting are coupled with a multi-cylinder reciprocator diesel model where each cylinder undergoes the same thermodynamic cycle. Appropriate thermal loading models relate the heat flow through critical system components to material properties and design details. This paper describes the basic system models and their calibration and validation against available experimental engine test data. The use of the model is illustrated by predicting the performance gains and the component design trade-offs associated with a partially insulated engine achieving a 40 percent reduction in heat loss over a baseline cooled engine.&lt;/div&gt;
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Minor Capsid Protein L2 N-Terminal Region Containing a Common Neutralization Epitope Binds to the Cell Surface and Enters the Cytoplasm (2001)

The first step of papillomavirus infection is believed to be binding of major capsid protein L1 to the cell surface without involvement of minor capsid protein L2, but the viral infectivity can be neutralized either by anti-L1 or anti-L2 antibody. To understand the role of L2 in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, we examined a segment of HPV type 16 (HPV16) L2, which contains a neutralization epitope common to HPV6, for its involvement in adsorption and penetration of the capsids. Preincubation of monkey COS-1 cells with a synthetic peptide having amino acids (aa) 108 to 120 of HPV16 L2 reduced the susceptibility of COS-1 cells to infection with HPV16 pseudovirions. Confocal microscopy showed that the green fluorescence protein (GFP) fused with the L2 peptide was found to bind to the surface of a HeLa cell, an HPV18-positive human cancer cell line, at 4 degrees C and to enter the cytoplasm after subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C. Flow cytometry showed that fused GFP did not bind to HeLa cells that had been treated with trypsin. Besides COS-1 and HeLa cells, some human and rodent cell lines were detected by flow cytometry to be susceptible to binding with fused GFP, showing a tendency of epithelial cells toward higher susceptibility. Substitutions at aa 108 to 111 inhibited fused GFP from binding to HeLa cells and reduced the infectivity in COS-1 cells of the in vitro-constructed pseudovirions. The results suggest that L2 plays an important role in enhancing HPV infection through interaction between the N-terminal region and a cellular surface protein, facilitating penetration of the virions and determining part of the tropism of HPVs.
Effects of intravitreal insulin and insulin signaling cascade inhibitors on emmetropization in the chick. (2012)

Intravitreal insulin promoted axial eye growth and stimulated both signaling pathways. The PI3K/Akt pathway was activated in control and plus and minus lens-treated eyes, but the MEK/ERK pathway was activated only with positive lenses or no lenses. With negative lenses, insulin did not stimulate the MEK/ERK signaling cascade. Independent of the pathway stimulated after insulin binding, the effect on insulin was always the same: an increase in eye growth.
1,2- vs 1,4-Regioselectivity of Lithiated Phenylacetonitrile toward α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. 2. Relation between the Regioselectivity and the Structure of the Species in Solution (1998)

In THF and THF−toluene media, the reaction of lithiated phenylacetonitrile (1) with benzylideneacetone (5), at low temperature, led to the same ratio of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts after 5 or 30 min of reaction time. The concentrations of the monomeric bridged ion pair 2 preferentially formed in THF and of the dimer of ion pairs 4 predominating in media that favor association such as THF−toluene solvent mixtures were measured from the IR-integrated intensities of the ν (C⋮N) bands. These concentrations were quantitatively related to the concentrations of the 1,2- and 1,4-adducts, respectively. All these results evidence the kinetic control of this reaction. Intermediate complexes that take into account the peculiar geometries of the monomer 2 and the dimer 4 are proposed to interpret the different regioselectivities observed with 5. This study is extended to cyclic α-enones and cinnamaldehyde. Similar trends hold for the former, while cinnamaldehyde always leads to 1,2-addition. The formation of intermediate complexes allows us to rationalize the cinnamaldehyde behavior but is insufficient to explain the 1,4-addition with cyclic α-enones lying in an s-trans conformation.
Response to correspondence to Hale et al. atypical phenotypes associated with pathogenic CHD7 variants and a proposal for broadening CHARGE syndrome clinical diagnostic criteria (2016)

Peer Reviewed