gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise properties of semiconductor lasers due to optical feedback (1984)

It has been recognized for some time that reflections back into the cavity of an injection laser from a mechanically unstable external mirror cause noise in the output of the laser (reflection noise). In this paper, noise measurements are presented for index-guided lasers as functions of the output power, the degree of optical isolation and external cavity length (5-15 cm), while current modulation (using 2-4 mA at 50-200 MHz) has been used to reduce the noise levels by as much as 20 dB. It is demonstrated that the mechanism of noise reduction by modulation is the frequency modulation of the laser's spectrum and its interaction with the modes of the external cavity. It is shown that using an optical isolator can give a relative intensity noise of -110 dB while using modulation in addition can reduce this to -125 dB; the bandwidth performance of optical storage systems is discussed in terms of these two schemes.
Novel fabrication process utilizing thermal stress for uniform ultrafine SiO2 gaps with perfectly vertical sidewalls (1995)

A novel fabrication process for uniform ultrafine SiO2 gaps with perfectly vertical sidewalls is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The gaps without undulation were successfully fabricated by splitting the SiO2 layer along the guidelines established beforehand, utilizing thermal stress between the SiO2 layer and the InP substrate. High uniformity of the gap width of less than 5% along 200 μm has been obtained. Minimum gap width of 20 nm has been realized. Moreover, this ‘‘split mask’’ was found to be applicable as a selective regrowth mask and a dry etching mask.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Novel <i>CDC25B</i> Promoter–Based Oncolytic Adenovirus Inhibited Growth of Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Tumors in Different Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. CDC25B gene expression in different cell types&lt;/p&gt;
Involvement of the Streptococcus mutans PgfE and GalE 4-epimerases in protein glycosylation, carbon metabolism, and cell division (2023)

Streptococcus mutans is a key pathogen associated with dental caries and is often implicated in infective endocarditis. This organism forms robust biofilms on tooth surfaces and can use collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) to efficiently colonize collagenous substrates, including dentin and heart valves. One of the best characterized CBPs of S. mutans is Cnm, which contributes to adhesion and invasion of oral epithelial and heart endothelial cells. These virulence properties were subsequently linked to post-translational modification (PTM) of the Cnm threonine-rich repeat region by the Pgf glycosylation machinery, which consists of 4 enzymes: PgfS, PgfM1, PgfE, and PgfM2. Inactivation of the S. mutans pgf genes leads to decreased collagen binding, reduced invasion of human coronary artery endothelial cells, and attenuated virulence in the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model. The present study aimed to better understand Cnm glycosylation and characterize the predicted 4-epimerase, PgfE. Using a truncated Cnm variant containing only 2 threonine-rich repeats, mass spectrometric analysis revealed extensive glycosylation with HexNAc2. Compositional analysis, complemented with lectin blotting, identified the HexNAc2 moieties as GlcNAc and GalNAc. Comparison of PgfE with the other S. mutans 4-epimerase GalE through structural modeling, nuclear magnetic resonance, and capillary electrophoresis demonstrated that GalE is a UDP-Glc-4-epimerase, while PgfE is a GlcNAc-4-epimerase. While PgfE exclusively participates in protein O-glycosylation, we found that GalE affects galactose metabolism and cell division. This study further emphasizes the importance of O-linked protein glycosylation and carbohydrate metabolism in S. mutans and identifies the PTM modifications of the key CBP, Cnm.
[Endoscopic optic nerve decompression in traumatic optic neuropathy: analysis of 72 cases]. (2006)

Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is an appropriate technique for patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Even though the patient has injured in longer time and high-dose steroid treatment has failed, optic nerve decompression may improve visual acuity.
New Insights into the RNA-Based Mechanism of Action of the Anticancer Drug 5′-Fluorouracil in Eukaryotic Cells (2013)

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in treating a range of advanced, solid tumours and, in particular, colorectal cancer. Here, we used high-density tiling DNA microarray technology to obtain the specific transcriptome-wide response induced by 5FU in the eukaryotic model Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This approach combined with real-time quantitative PCR analysis allowed us to detect splicing defects of a significant number of intron-containing mRNA, in addition to identify some rRNA and tRNA processing defects after 5FU treatment. Interestingly, our studies also revealed that 5FU specifically induced the expression of certain genes implicated in the processing of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA precursors, and in the post-transcriptional modification of uracil residues in RNA. The transcription of several tRNA genes was also significantly induced after drug exposure. These transcriptional changes might represent a cellular response mechanism to counteract 5FU damage since deletion strains for some of these up-regulated genes were hypersensitive to 5FU. Moreover, most of these RNA processing genes have human orthologs that participate in conserved pathways, suggesting that they could be novel targets to improve the efficacy of 5FU-based treatments.
<title>Picosecond terawatt CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser system Picasso-2</title> (2003)

Current status of CO<sub>2</sub> laser system “Picasso-2” intended to generate 10 &#956;m pulse train with tunable pulses duration 2÷100 ps, interpulse separation &#8776; 10 ns and train’s peak power over 1 TW is reported.
Inverse-Designed Metastructures Together with Reconfigurable Couplers to Compute Forward Scattering (2022)

Wave-based analog computing in the forms of inverse-designed metastructures and the meshes of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI) have recently received considerable attention due to their capability in emulating linear operators, performing vector-matrix multiplication, inverting matrices, and solving integral and differential equations via electromagnetic wave interaction and manipulation in such structures. Here, we combine these two platforms to propose a wave-based metadevice that can compute scattered fields in electromagnetic forward scattering problems. The proposed device consists of two subsystems: a set of reconfigurable couplers with a proper feedback system and an inverse-designed inhomogeneous material block. The first subsystem computes the magnitude and phase of the dipole polarization induced in the scatterers when illuminated with a given incident wave (matrix inversion). The second subsystem computes the magnitude and phase of the scattered fields at given detection points (vector-matrix multiplication). We discuss the functionality of this metadevice, and through several examples, we theoretically evaluate its performance by comparing the simulation results of this device with full-wave numerical simulations and numerically evaluated matrix inversion. We also highlight that since the first section is reconfigurable, the proposed device can be used for different permittivity distributions of the scatterer and incident excitations without changing the inverse-designed section. Our proposed device may provide a versatile platform for rapid computation in various scattering scenarios.
Regioselective Ring-opening Reactions of 2,3-Epoxy Alcohols with Sodium Azide Supported on Zeolite CaY (1986)

Abstract Sodium azide supported on zeolite CaY induces C-3 ring-opening of 2,3-epoxy alcohols to afford 3-azido-1,2-diols in much higher regioselectivity than a conventional reagent system of Na3–NH4Cl in MeOH–H2O. The cation in zeolite greatly influences the regioselectivity of the reaction.
A speech codec for cellular radio at a gross bit rate of 11.4 kb/s (1991)

A speech codec, called TRPE-HLTP (transformed binary regular pulse excitation, high-resolution long-term prediction) has been developed. It has been submitted as a candidate for the half-rate codec in the GSM (Group Special Mobile) system and its gross bit rate is 11.4 kb/s. The speech coding algorithm is of the type often called analysis-by-synthesis linear prediction. Its key elements are LSF (line spectral frequency)-coded spectral parameters, a high resolution closed-loop adaptive codebook, and a speech-trained low-complexity transformed binary regular pulse innovation generator, resulting in a net bit rate of 6.9 kb/s. The channel coding scheme consists of forward error correction with convolutional encoding, interleaving, and error detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data from Positive Cross-Regulatory Loop Ties GATA-3 to Estrogen Receptor α Expression in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The transcription factor GATA-3 is required for normal mammary gland development, and its expression is highly correlated with estrogen receptor α (ERα) in human breast tumors. However, the functional role of GATA-3 in ERα-positive breast cancers is yet to be established. Here, we show that GATA-3 is required for estradiol stimulation of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. The role of GATA-3 in estradiol signaling requires the direct positive regulation of the expression of the &lt;i&gt;ERα&lt;/i&gt; gene itself by GATA-3. GATA-3 binds to two cis-regulatory elements located within the &lt;i&gt;ERα&lt;/i&gt; gene, and this is required for RNA polymerase II recruitment to &lt;i&gt;ERα&lt;/i&gt; promoters. Reciprocally, ERα directly stimulates the transcription of the &lt;i&gt;GATA-3&lt;/i&gt; gene, indicating that these two factors are involved in a positive cross-regulatory loop. Moreover, GATA-3 and ERα regulate their own expression in breast cancer cells. Hence, this transcriptional coregulatory mechanism accounts for the robust coexpression of GATA-3 and ERα in human breast cancers. In addition, these results highlight the crucial role of GATA-3 for the response of ERα-positive breast cancers to estradiol. Moreover, they identify GATA-3 as a critical component of the master cell-type–specific transcriptional network including ERα and FoxA1 that dictates the phenotype of hormone-dependent breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6477–83]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 6 from GSK-3 Inhibition Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to 1,25D-Mediated Differentiation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blot control for JNK inhibition&lt;/p&gt;
Development of Consumer Acceptable Products using CUB Analysis: An Example with burgers from Dairy Cattle (2015)

ABSTRACT In this work, Combination of Uniform and shifted Binomial random variables (CUB) models were used to understand the role played by liking/disliking toward the sensory meat characteristics and the uncertainty of the respondents. The detection of significant similarities and differences among sensory evaluations was proposed by comparing the parameters estimated by CUB models with the aid of multidimensional scaling (MDS). The MDS approach was also proposed to confirm the presence of the two latent variables – feeling and uncertainty – estimated by CUB models. In particular, the sensory characteristics of a conventional hamburger and a new one produced from dairy cattle at the end of their milk production, properly mixed with chicken and turkey meat were evaluated and compared. This approach resulted useful to understand which hamburger was preferred and why. In particular, the results showed a good level of acceptance for both hamburgers, with a slight preference toward the new product in terms of feeling and uncertainty. The outcomes of the analysis also provided indications to meat producers oriented to exploiting dairy cattle for slaughter and could give suggestions for bottom‐up sustainable food policy implications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study, an integrated approach based on CUB models is proposed to evaluate and compare the sensory characteristics of a conventional hamburger and a new one produced from dairy cattle. The conclusions achieved suggested that this approach can be seen as a successful attempt to evaluate consumer acceptability toward a new food product. The results also confirm the importance of consumer‐insight in the innovation process. In particular, the proposed approach allowed integrating the sensory evaluation with marketing processes and efficiently targeting product development activities. Finally, the experimental findings of the current study can be considered an opportunity to valorize livestock production and reduce the environmental impact.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Interleukin 12B Gene is Associated with Risk for Breast Cancer Development (2012)

We analysed the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding the IL-12 subunit p40 (IL12B, rs3212227, A>C) with breast cancer. The SNPs allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between patients (n = 191) and healthy (n = 194) women in a case-control study from Croatia. The major allele (A) was associated with susceptibility to breast cancer (P = 0.003; OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.17-2.38). Likewise, the minor allele (C) was significantly correlated with protection (P = 0.003; OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.42-0.86). At the genotype level, AA homozygosity was significantly associated with predisposition to disease (P = 0.013; OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09-2.59), whereas the minor allele homozygosity (CC) was correlated with protection to disease (P = 0.020, OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.91). The heterozygous genotype showed no significant correlation with disease. The product of the IL12B gene (IL-12 p40) can either form a homodimeric cytokine or be part of two pro-inflammatory (IL-12 and IL-23) cytokines. It is presently unclear whether the major allele is associated with higher or lower protein levels of IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p70, which are critical in inflammation and adaptive immune responses. However, as the A allele is high producer of IL12B (p40) mRNA, these results might imply that higher levels of IL-12 p40 (either as homodimers or joined with one or both of the other two subunits) predispose to breast cancer.
Multisource data classification with dependence trees (2002)

In order to apply a statistical approach to the classification of multisource remote-sensing data, one of the main problems to face lies in the estimation of probability distribution functions. This problem arises out of the difficulty of defining a common statistical model for such heterogeneous data. A possible solution is to adopt nonparametric approaches, which rely on the availability of training samples without any assumption about the related statistical distributions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the suitability of the concept of dependence trees for the integration of multisource information through estimation of probability distributions. First, this concept, introduced by Chow and Liu (1968), is used to provide an approximation of a probability distribution defined in an N-dimensional space by a product of N-1 probability distributions defined in two-dimensional (2-D) spaces; this approximation corresponds, in terms of graph theoretical interpretation, to a tree of dependence. For each land cover class, a dependence tree is generated by minimizing an appropriate closeness measure. Then, a nonparametric estimation of the second-order probability distributions is carried out through the Parzen window approach, based on the implementation of 2-D Gaussian kernels. In this way, it is possible to reduce the complexity of the estimation, while capturing a significant part of the interdependence among variables. A comparison with other multisource data fusion methods, namely, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) method, the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method, and a Bayesian hierarchical classifier (BHC), is made. Experimental results obtained on multisensor [airborne thematic mapper (ATM) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR)] and multisource (experimental synthetic aperture radar (E-SAR) and a textural feature) data sets show that the proposed fusion method based on dependence trees is able to provide a classification accuracy similar to those of the other methods considered, but with the advantage of a reduced computational load.
Changes in sperm antibody test results when spermatozoa are subjected to capacitating conditions (1991)

Cytotoxic and immunobead-binding antibody assays were used to document possible changes in antigenicity after the spermatozoa were subjected in vitro to capacitating conditions. Serum and seminal plasma immunobead-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)A, sperm surface IgG, and IgA, and seminal plasma cytotoxic antibody titers in 26 autoimmune infertile men were decreased against autologous spermatozoa under capacitating conditions. Cytotoxic antibodies and immunobead-binding IgG, IgA, and IgM against husbands' sperm undergoing capacitation, in the cervical mucus of these women, were less than those against uncapacitated sperm. Conversely, sperm antibody levels were increased against the capacitated husbands' sperm in the husbands' serum and wives' cervical mucus, originally testing negative for cytotoxic antibodies against uncapacitated sperm. Antibody levels were unaltered against donors' sperm undergoing capacitation, except for a reduction in titers in the serum of isoimmune wives. The differences in sperm antibody assay results, depending on whether or not spermatozoa are incubated under conditions favoring capacitation, are specific to the husbands' and not to the donors' spermatozoal antigens.
Variation in humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song length in relation to low-frequency sound broadcasts (2003)

Humpback whale song lengths were measured from recordings made off the west coast of the island of Hawai'i in March 1998 in relation to acoustic broadcasts ("pings") from the U.S. Navy SURTASS Low Frequency Active sonar system. Generalized additive models were used to investigate the relationships between song length and time of year, time of day, and broadcast factors. There were significant seasonal and diurnal effects. The seasonal factor was associated with changes in the density of whales sighted near shore. The diurnal factor was associated with changes in surface social activity. Songs that ended within a few minutes of the most recent ping tended to be longer than songs sung during control periods. Many songs that were overlapped by pings, and songs that ended several minutes after the most recent ping, did not differ from songs sung in control periods. The longest songs were sung between 1 and 2 h after the last ping. Humpbacks responded to louder broadcasts with longer songs. The fraction of variation in song length that could be attributed to broadcast factors was low. Much of the variation in humpback song length remains unexplained.
Palm-size and Real-time Uncooled THz camera, and THz imageries (2012)

Performance of palm-size uncooled THz camera is described, which contains 320×240 THz focal plane array. The THz camera operates at 30 Hz and has a lock-in function which can improve signal-to-noise ratio by controlling on/off of THz radiation source. THz imageries are presented, using this lock-in function.
Development of a real-time lumbar ultrasound image processing system for epidural needle entry site localization (2016)

A fully-automatic ultrasound image processing system that can determine the needle entry site for epidural anesthesia (EA) in real time is presented in this paper. Neither the knowledge of anesthetists nor additional hardware is required to operate the system, which firstly directs the anesthetists to reach the desired insertion region in the longitudinal view, i.e., lumbar level L3-L4, and then locates the ideal puncture site by instructing the anesthetists to rotate and slightly adjust the position of ultrasound probe. In order to implement these functions, modules including image processing, panorama stitching, feature extraction/selection, template matching and support vector machine (SVM) classification are incorporated in this system. Additionally, a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI), which displays the processing results and guides anesthetists intuitively, is further designed to conceal the intricacy of algorithms. Feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system has been evaluated through a set of realtime tests on 53 volunteers from a local hospital.
Expression of Heat Shock Protein‐70 and Limbic Seizure‐induced Neuronal Death in the Rat Brain (1996)

The effect of MK-801, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, on the kainic acid-induced expression of the inducible heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) and on neuronal death in the rat hippocampus was investigated. HSP70 is expressed in approximately 80% of the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field 1 day after kainic acid injection. The majority of these HSP70-immunopositive neurons exhibited swelling and a hollow appearance in the perikaryon, indicating that they had been injured following kainic acid-elicited limbic seizures. Four days after administration of kainic acid, 87% of the pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field were dead. When a single dose of MK-801 was administered 1 h before kainic acid injection, the number of rats suffering with seizures was reduced, the severity of limbic seizures was attenuated and seizure onset was delayed. Neither HSP70 expression on day 1 nor neuronal loss on day 4 in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer was observed in these animals. A considerable number of HSP70-immunopositive neurons was detected in the dentate hilus, however, and somewhat fewer in the CA3a and CA3c subfields on day 1. Severe neuronal damage in these regions followed on day 4. Interestingly, little HSP70 expression or neuronal loss was observed in the CA3b subfield in these same animals. When a single dose of MK-801 was given 4 h after kainic acid treatment, HSP70 expression was partially blocked; 18% of neurons expressed HSP70 on day 1 and 37% on day 4 in CA1 pyramidal neurons in comparison to the kainic acid controls. About 50% neuronal death was detected in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer 4 days after kainic acid treatment followed by MK-801. When the animals were treated with MK-801 4 h after kainic acid treatment followed by additional daily administration for 3 days, a negligible number of pyramidal neurons expressed HSP70, and the survival of pyramidal cells was significantly increased in the CA1 field. Limbic seizure-induced HSP70 expression not only indicates neuronal injury in the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus but also predicts delayed neuronal death, at least in the case of the CA1 field of animals that suffered stage IV-V seizures.
Animal Models in Peritoneal Dialysis Research: A Need for Consensus (2005)

The development of an adequate animal model for peritoneal research remains an object of concern. In vivo peritoneal dialysis (PD) research is hampered by the large variety of available models that make interpretation of results and comparison of studies very difficult. Species and strain of experimental animals, method of peritoneal access, study duration, measures of solute transport and ultrafiltration, and sampling for histology differ substantially among the various research groups. A collective effort to discuss the shortcomings and merits of the different experimental models may lead to a consensus on a standardized animal model of PD.