gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The association between HbA1c and time in hypoglycaemia during CGM and self-monitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 1 diabetes and multiple daily insulin injections: A Randomised Clinical Trial (GOLD-study 4) (2020)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day with glucose levels &lt;3.9 mmol/L (&lt;70 mg/dL) and less than 1.0% per day &lt;3.0 mmol/L (&lt;54 mg/dL). &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br&gt; Research methods: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were randomised to Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and evaluated over 16 months. We estimated the association between time spent in hypoglycaemia and various mean glucose and HbA1c levels.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Time spent in hypoglycaemia (&lt;3.9 mmol/L and &lt;3.0 mmol/L) increased significantly with lower mean HbA1c and mean glucose levels during both CGM and conventional therapy. During CGM, 24 (57.1%) individuals with HbA1c &lt;7.5 % (&lt;58 mmol/mol) had &lt;1.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia &lt;3.0 mmol/L and 23 (54.8%) had &lt;4.0% time spent in hypoglycaemia &lt;3.9 mmol/L. During CGM, mean time spent in hypoglycaemia for individuals with mean HbA1c 7.0% (52 mmol/mol) was estimated to be 5.4% for &lt;3.9 mmol/L and 1.5% for &lt;3.0 mmol/L. The corresponding values during SMBG were 9.2% and 3.5%, respectively. Individuals with mean glucose levels of 8 mmol/L spent 4.9% more time with glucose levels &lt;3.9 mmol/L and 2.8% more time &lt;3.0 mmol/L during SMBG compared with CGM.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Reaching current targets for time in hypoglycaemia and at the same time HbA1c targets is challenging for type 1 diabetes patients treated with MDI both with CGM and SMBG monitoring. However, CGM is associated with considerably less time in hypoglycaemia than SMBG at a broad range of HbA1c levels and is crucial for patients with MDI treatment to have a chance to approach hypoglycaemia targets.&lt;/p&gt;
Toxicity and activity of purified trichosanthin (1991)

Trichosanthin was purified from fresh Chinese root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii and evaluated for anti-HIV activity. Trichosanthin inhibited syncytium formation between infected H9 cells and uninfected Sup-T1 cells from 0.5 to 4 micrograms/ml. Trichosanthin also inhibited HIV replication in H9 and CEM-SS cells at 1 microgram/ml, but was toxic for MT-4 cells (HTLV-I-positive), at doses greater than 0.25 microgram/ml. This new purification procedure confirms the anti-HIV activity of trichosanthin on some cell lines in different biological assays.
Color in Image and Video Processing: Most Recent Trends and Future Research Directions (2008)

Abstract\n The motivation of this paper is to provide an overview of the most recent trends and of the future research directions in color image and video processing. Rather than covering all aspects of the domain this survey covers issues related to the most active research areas in the last two years. It presents the most recent trends as well as the state-of-the-art, with a broad survey of the relevant literature, in the main active research areas in color imaging. It also focuses on the most promising research areas in color imaging science. This survey gives an overview about the issues, controversies, and problems of color image science. It focuses on human color vision, perception, and interpretation. It focuses also on acquisition systems, consumer imaging applications, and medical imaging applications. Next it gives a brief overview about the solutions, recommendations, most recent trends, and future trends of color image science. It focuses on color space, appearance models, color difference metrics, and color saliency. It focuses also on color features, color-based object tracking, scene illuminant estimation and color constancy, quality assessment and fidelity assessment, color characterization and calibration of a display device. It focuses on quantization, filtering and enhancement, segmentation, coding and compression, watermarking, and lastly on multispectral color image processing. Lastly, it addresses the research areas which still need addressing and which are the next and future perspectives of color in image and video processing.
Elimination of Phosphorus from Municipal and Industrial Waste Water (1999)

Application of the precipitation process using Fe and Al salts or lime, which is the main process used in Germany for phosphorus removal may lead to problems, such as an increase of the anion concentration of the water and recovering the phosphorus from the precipitation sludge. Therefore two processes for phosphorus removal from waste waters were developed which avoid these disadvantages:A process especially suitable for low phosphorus concentrations (≤1 mg/L P) employing Activated Alumina for the removal of the phosphate by adsorption.Phosphorus removal by means of direct precipitation of calcium phosphate induced by calcite as seeding material for the treatment of higher concentrated waters (≥20 mg/L P).
In vitro stimulation of warfarin metabolism by quinidine: increases in the formation of 4'- and 10-hydroxywarfarin. (2001)

It has been demonstrated that the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 in certain cases is stimulated by quinidine (positive heterotropic cooperativity). We report herein that the 4'- and 10-hydroxylation of S- and R-warfarin are enhanced in human liver microsomal incubations containing quinidine. These reactions were catalyzed by CYP3A4, based on data derived from immunoinhibitory studies, with 4'-hydroxylation being preferentially associated with S-warfarin and 10-hydroxylation with R-warfarin. The 4'-hydroxylation of S-warfarin and 10-hydroxylation of R-warfarin increased with increasing quinidine concentrations and maximized at ~3- and 5-fold the values of controls, respectively. Stimulatory effects of quinidine also were observed with recombinant CYP3A4, suggesting that increases in warfarin metabolism were due to quinidine-mediated enhancement of CYP3A4 activity. This positive cooperativity of CYP3A4 was characterized by a 2.5-fold increase in V(max) for the 4'-hydroxylation of S-warfarin and a 5-fold increase in V(max) for the 10-hydroxylation of R-warfarin, with little change in K(m) values. Conversely, V(max) for the 3-hydroxylation of quinidine was not influenced by the presence of warfarin. These results are consistent with previous findings suggesting the existence of more than one binding site in CYP3A4 through which interactions may occur between substrate and effector at the active site of the enzyme. Such interactions were subsequently illustrated by a kinetic model containing two binding domains, and a good regression fit was obtained for the experimental data. Finally, stimulation of warfarin metabolism by quinidine was investigated in suspensions of human hepatocytes, and increases in the formation of 4'- and 10-hydroxywarfarin again were observed in the presence of quinidine, indicating that this type of drug-drug interaction occurs in intact cells.
Frame Relay over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) (2006)

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3, (L2TPv3) defines a protocol
for tunneling a variety of data link protocols over IP networks. This
document describes the specifics of how to tunnel Frame Relay over
L2TPv3, including frame encapsulation, virtual-circuit creation and
deletion, and status change notification. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
All Redox‐Active 2D MXene and 0D Phosphomolybdic Acid Nanoclusters‐Anchored Polypyrrole Nanotubes for High‐Performance Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors (2022)

Abstract Invited for this month's cover picture is the work of a collaboration group led by Professor Tae Jung Park, Dept. of Chemistry, Chung‐Ang University, Republic of Korea. The work depicted in the cover picture is a high‐performance aqueous hybrid supercapacitor based on all redox‐active 2D MXenes and 0D phosphomolybdic acid nanocluster‐anchored polypyrrole nanotubes. The resulting device showed a specific energy of 36.1 Wh kg −1 and a specific power of 6.66 kW kg −1 , with good stability over 5000 charge‐discharge cycles. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202200108 .
Complexation acrylic polyacids with transition metal ions and their properties stimulchuvstvitelnye (2012)

Formation of interpolymer complexes of hydrogels on basis of 2-hydroxyacrylate and methylmethacrylate copolymers with polyacrylic acid and influence of temperature, concentration, molecular weight are investigated. It is established that the complex is formed due to formation of hydrogen bonds.
Synthesis of d- and l-myo-Inositol 1,4,6-Trisphosphate, Regioisomers of a Ubiquitous Second Messenger (1996)

A regioisomer of the second messenger D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [D-Ins(1,4,5)P(3), 1], DL-myo-inositol 1,4,6-trisphosphate [DL-Ins(1,4,6)P(3), 4ab], together with the chiral antipodes D-Ins(1,4,6)P(3)(4a) and L-Ins(1,4,6)P(3)(4b), was synthesized from myo-inositol. The racemic diol 6, after removal of the trans-ketal of fully protected 5 was p-methoxybenzylated to give the 6-O-alkylated derivative 9, as the major product in 52% yield. Gentle acidic hydrolysis of 9, followed by benzylation of the resulting triol, gave the fully protected compound 11ab. Isomerization of the two allyl groups followed by acidic hydrolysis of the resulting cis-prop-1-enyl moieties and the p-methoxybenzyl group gave the triol 13ab. Phosphorylation of 13ab followed by deprotection of the resulting compound, 14ab, with sodium in liquid ammonia and purification by ion exchange chromatography provided 4ab in 60% yield. The intermediate 9 was converted into the cis-diol 16ab in two steps. Selective acylation at the equatorial hydroxyl group using (S)-(+)-O-acetylmandelic acid in the presence of DCC and DMAP provided two diastereoisomers, 18 and 19, which were separated by flash chromatography. Further transformations provided the corresponding D- and L-1,4,6 triols, 13a and 13b, respectively, and phosphorylation, followed by deprotection of the fully blocked products as for the racemic 4ab, gave 4a and 4b, respectively. The absolute configuration of fully protected 11a was determined by transformation to the known compound L-1,2,4,5-tetra-O-benzyl-myo-inositol (22). Compound 4a was a full agonist at the platelet Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptor for Ca(2+) release, but 4b was devoid of activity.
A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Ease of Formation and σ-Bonding Strength of Oxa- and Thia-N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2017)

The index described previously (carbene relative energy of formation) has been extended to oxygen and sulfur heterocycles. This provides a quantitative overview of factors determining ease of formation of (i) neutral N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) by deprotonation of heterocyclic salts and (ii) anionic NHCs by deprotonation of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines. The influence of the nature and ring position of oxygen and sulfur is discussed for a range of known and unknown systems. Attention is directed to unexplored systems of potential interest.
A Review on the Evolution of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: Small Wind Turbines (2019)

Wind energy witnessed tremendous growth in the past decade and emerged as the most sought renewable energy source after solar energy. Though the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) is preferred for multi-megawatt power generation, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) is as competitive as HAWT. The current study aims to summarize the development of VAWT, in particular, Darrieus turbine from the past to the project that is underway. The reason for the technical challenges and past failures are discussed. Various configurations of VAWT have been assessed in terms of reliability, components and low wind speed performance. Innovative concepts and the feasibility to scale up for megawatt electricity generation, especially in offshore environments are investigated. This paper is a modest attempt to highlight the state-of-the-art information on the ongoing developments focusing on decentralized power generation. This review is envisioned as an information hub for the major developments in VAWT and its technical advancements so far.
Discrete wavelet face graph matching (2002)

We have designed a new face graph model, using the discrete wavelet transform, for fast elastic bunch graph matching. With fiducial points as graph nodes, and local-area power spectrum vectors estimated from a space-frequency tree as node attributes, the DWT graph achieves similar model matching performance to the Gabor graph, but with orders of magnitude faster computation.
Effect of peptides and amino acids on dihydromorphine binding to the opiate receptor (1975)

Journal Article Effect of peptides and amino acids on dihydromorphine binding to the opiate receptor Get access L Terenius L Terenius Department of Medical Pharmacology, Box 573, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1975, Pages 450–452, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1975.tb09480.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 12 December 1975 Published: 12 April 2011
600 V power device technologies for highly efficient power supplies (2021)

Switched mode power supplies (SMPS) for target applications covering a wide range from telecom rectifiers through servers to solar inverters or electric vehicle chargers share the need for high efficiencies in order to minimize the overall energy consumption and the total cost of ownership. With the appearance of wide bandgap semiconductors, designers cannot only choose between different devices but also may benefit from using advanced topologies. This work compares the properties of the latest generations of a CoolMOS&#x2122; Superjunction (SJ) device with integrated fast body diode, of a CoolSiC&#x2122; Silicon-Carbide MOSFET and of a CoolGaN&#x2122; E-mode GaN power transistor in the 600 V class. The device behavior is discussed with a view to its use in the AC-DC conversion power factor correction (PFC) stage of a power supply. It is shown how the technology-specific parameters impact the different aspects of the application performance and the choice of topology. This understanding may also act as a guideline for an adequate selection of the best-suited device technology for a given application beyond the scope of AC-DC conversion in power supplies. However, this comparison does not discuss solutions which can address device limitations with the application of dedicated circuitries as, for example, the solution recently proposed for CoolMOS which enables efficiencies close to that of wide bandgap devices [1].
The synthesis of specifically and selectively deuteriated 4,4′-bisalkoxyazoxybenzene derivatives (1983)

In connection with deuterium n.m.r. studies of molecular motion in liquid crystals we have developed a number of methods for the synthesis of selectively deuteriated 4,4′-bisalkoxyazoxybenzenes. This paper is concerned with (i) the labelling of specific methylene segments of the alkoxy-chains, (ii) the labelling of the aromatic nucleus, and (iii) the selective enrichment of the deuterium content of one alkoxy-chain relative to the other. Our studies of the n.m.r. spectra of these liquid crystals have shown that there is not (as has sometimes been supposed 1) a monotonic decrease in C–D quadrupole splitting in passing from the oxygen to the CD3 end of the alkoxy-chain. In [2H6]-PAA (p-azoxyanisole) we have also shown that the smaller splitting is associated with the CD3O group nearest to the NO end of the azoxy-group. Whereas the photorearrangement of azoxy-compounds is normally regiospecific, the photorearrangement of PAA selectively deuteriated in one methoxy-group is unusual in that it leads to isotopically scrambled products.
A Study of the Mechanical Efficiency of Split-Table Traction (1990)

Institute for Low Back Care; the Rehabilitation Medicine Service, Minneapolis Veterans Administration; and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Regulation of Lithospermic Acid B and Shikonin Production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Cell Suspension Cultures. (2002)

Cell suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon produced a large amount of lithospermic acid B, a caffeic acid tetramer, as well as shikonin derivatives (each ca. 10% of dry wt.) when cultured in shikonin production medium M-9. Various culture factors for increasing the production of lithospermic acid B were investigated. Lithospermic acid B production was inhibited by 2, 4-D or NH4+, whereas it was stimulated by Cu2+. These regulatory patterns were similar to those for the production of shikonin derivatives in these cell cultures, suggestive of close relations and similar metabolic regulation between the production of these compounds. Cultivation under light illumination, however, showed that these metabolisms were independently regulated. In particular, blue light showed a stimulatory effect on lithospermic acid B production, while shikonin production was strongly inhibited, indicative of an effective condition for lithospermic acid B production.
On solving boundary value problems associated with generalised LQ control of 2-D systems (2009)

This paper considers the bounded-frame linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control problem for Roesser models with double-ended constraints on the horizontal and vertical semistates. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality are presented for this problem. We also identify and discuss situations in which it is possible to compute the optimal control law from these conditions.
Cross Metathesis Route in Sphingomyelin Synthesis. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Well-hole electromagnetic exploration techniques and its research progress (2015)

Summary All well-casing-related electromagnetic (EM) detections are called well-hole EM exploration, which has a wide application in residual oil and oil water contact detection in oilfield development. Here we first introduce the well-hole EM acquisition method and its present development situation focusing on the surface-to-borehole EM acquisition method, test results and improvement measures. Then we present a study on the 3D inversion of field data from the borehole-to-surface EM. Finally, we discuss what to do in the future on the basis of present well-hole EM research.
Fluorescence Quenching of Graphene Oxide Integrating with the Site-Specific Cleavage of the Endonuclease for Sensitive and Selective MicroRNA Detection (2013)

A considerable effort is currently focused on identifying microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers because they could serve for early disease diagnosis as well as for assessing the prognosis and monitoring the response to treatment. The efficient use of the biomarkers requires precise analysis of miRNAs. This work reports a rapid, sensitive, and selective miRNA assay by coupling the fluorescence quenching of graphene oxide (GO) with site-specific cleavage of an endonuclease. The method is developed by designing a single-stranded probe that carries both a binding region responsible for facilitating the interaction with GO, which induces fluorescence quenching of the 5'-terminus-labeled fluorophore (FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein), and a sensing region for specifically recognizing the target and hybridizing with it to form a duplex. The duplex is released from the GO surface through cleavage of RsaI endonuclease, resulting in fluorescence recovery, which shows a trend in the target concentration. The assay can detect down to ∼3.0 fM miR-126 with a linear range of 4 orders of magnitude and has an ability to discriminate the target sequence from even single-base mismatched sequence or other miRNA sequences. Moreover, it can also be used for estimating the miR-126 expressions in cells. The advantage of this assay is that it operates via the detection of the recovered fluorescence signal, which is a combined result of the specific hybridization and the site-specific cleavage, and thus should be impervious to false signals arising due to the nonspecific adsorption of interferants. It could be a great potential tool for selective analysis of miRNAs in cells.
The Combinatorial Power of Experience. (2016)

Recent research in the artificial grammar literature has found\nthat a simple exemplar model of memory can account for a\nwide variety of artificial grammar results (Jamieson &amp;amp;\nMewhort, 2009, 2010, 2011). This classic type of model has\nalso been extended to account for natural language sentence\nprocessing effects (Johns &amp;amp; Jones, 2015). The current article\nextends this work to account for sentence production, and\ndemonstrates that the structure of language itself provides\nsufficient power to generate syntactically correct sentences,\neven with no higher-level information about language provided\nto the model.
Modified Hazen-Dupuit-Darcy Model for Forced Convection of a Fluid With Temperature-Dependent Viscosity (2000)

We investigate numerically the global pressure-drop of fluids with temperature dependent viscosity, flowing through a porous medium channel bounded by two parallel isoflux surfaces. By reviewing the development of the Hazen-Dupuit-Darcy (HDD) equation we bring to light the inappropriateness of the model in estimating the global pressure-drop of fluids with temperature dependent viscosity. Albeit this observation, we tested the accuracy of the HDD model in comparison with numerical results by using three alternatives, namely (1) fluid viscosity determined at the average bulk temperature, (2) fluid viscosity determined at the log-mean bulk temperature and (3) fluid viscosity replaced by a channel-length averaged fluid viscosity. The HDD model is inadequate because the temperature dependent fluid viscosity surprisingly affects both, viscous and form, global drag terms. We propose and validate a new global model, which accounts for the effects of temperature dependent viscosity in both drag terms of the original HDD model. Based on our new model, two regimes are discovered as the surface heat flux increases. In the first regime both drag terms are affected, while in the second regime only the form drag term is affected, prior to the model reaching an inviscid limit. Predictive empirical relations correcting the viscous and form drag terms, complementing the new model, are obtained as functions of the surface heat flux.