gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unveiling membrane thermoregulation strategies in marine picocyanobacteria (2019)

The wide latitudinal distribution of marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria partly relies on the differentiation of lineages adapted to distinct thermal environments. Membranes are highly thermosensitive cell components, and the ability to modulate their fluidity can be critical for the fitness of an ecotype in a particular thermal niche. We compared the thermophysiology of Synechococcus strains representative of major temperature ecotypes in the field. We measured growth, photosynthetic capacities and membrane lipidome variations. We carried out a metagenomic analysis of stations of the Tara Oceans expedition to describe the latitudinal distribution of the lipid desaturase genes in the oceans. All strains maintained efficient photosynthetic capacities over their different temperature growth ranges. Subpolar and cold temperate strains showed enhanced capacities for lipid monodesaturation at low temperature thanks to an additional, poorly regiospecific Δ9-desaturase. By contrast, tropical and warm temperate strains displayed moderate monodesaturation capacities but high proportions of double unsaturations in response to cold, thanks to regiospecific Δ12-desaturases. The desaturase genes displayed specific distributions directly related to latitudinal variations in ocean surface temperature. This study highlights the critical importance of membrane fluidity modulation by desaturases in the adaptive strategies of Synechococcus cyanobacteria during the colonization of novel thermal niches.
Chemical transformation of 4-thiouracil nucleosides to uracil and cytosine counterparts (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical transformation of 4-thiouracil nucleosides to uracil and cytosine counterpartsEdward B. Ziff and Jacques R. FrescoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 26, 7338–7342Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01028a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01028a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid high level production and purification of recombinant murine and human interferons alpha from Escherichia coli. (1993)

The availability of large quantities of pure interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) subtypes for in vivo studies has often proved difficult. This paper presents details on the use of the commercially available pGEX expression system for the production and purification of milligram (mg) quantities of recombinant Murine (Mu) and Human (Hu) IFNs-alpha-1 in Escherichia coli. Initially a fusion product is made which can be rapidly purified on a glutathione-sepharose 4B affinity matrix. Biologically active IFN-alpha can then be released from the matrix by cleavage with the restriction protease activated factor X (FXa+7,++). Routine yields of the final products were in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/l of original culture.
71.12 Estimating the standard deviation of a normal distribution (1987)

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Management of sudden cardiac death risk in the very early postmyocardial infarction period (2010)

Other than LVEF measured more than 40 days post-MI (consistent with current ICD guidelines), there is no noninvasive or invasive test that reliably predicts the risk for SCD or that can guide empiric ICD implantation soon after a MI. In the early post-MI period, therefore, the goal is to maximize medical therapy and revascularization. The LVEF should then be measured no sooner than 40 days post-MI and, if the LVEF is 35% or less, the patient should be considered for ICD implantation.
Formation of friable embryogenic callus in cassava is enhanced under conditions of reduced nitrate, potassium and phosphate (2017)

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is an important research tool for the genetic improvement of cassava. The induction of friable embryogenic callus (FEC) is considered as a key step in cassava transformation. In the present study, the media composition was optimized for enhancing the FEC induction, and the effect of the optimized medium on gene expression was evaluated. In relative comparison to MS medium, results demonstrated that using a medium with reducing nutrition (a 10-fold less concentration of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphate), the increased amount of vitamin B1 (10 mg/L) and the use of picrolam led to reprogram non-FEC to FEC. Gene expression analyses revealed that FEC on modified media increased the expression of genes related to the regulation of polysaccharide biosynthesis and breakdown of cell wall components in comparison to FEC on normal CIM media, whereas the gene expression associated with energy flux was not dramatically altered. It is hypothesized that we reprogram non-FEC to FEC under low nitrogen, potassium and phosphate and high vitamin B1. These findings were more effective in inducing FEC formation than the previous protocol. It might contribute to development of an efficient transformation strategy in cassava.
Participation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in taste cell responses to MSG (2001)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Fast-Settling Two-Stage Automatic Gain Control for Multi-Service Fibre-Wireless Fronthaul Systems (2020)

With the development of fast digitiser and digital signal processing techniques, wide-band digital radio-over-fiber (DRoF) based wireless fronthaul systems have been extensively studied as a way of offering multi-service wireless coverage. With data compression, the high digital data rate caused by digitisation can be reduced so as to minimise the infrastructure cost for last-mile cellular coverage. However, data compression always comes with the cost of a lower input power dynamic range. To overcome the issue, this paper proposes a novel fast-settling two-stage automatic gain control (FSS-AGC) algorithm, in which gain adjustment is carried out by a multi-threshold decision mechanism with a fast-settling time (within $2~\mu $ s), high stability and great accuracy. By introducing a novel gain control mechanism which simultaneously adjusts the gain in the digital and RF domains, the loss of dynamic range after compression is compensated. This algorithm is applied and demonstrated in a DRoF based digital distributed antenna system (DDAS) which supports all current cellular services from 3 Chinese mobile network operators (MNOs). The demonstration shows over 73dB dynamic range, with 40dB improvement compared with conventional links. Its promising properties and excellent performance enable its potential application in next-generation converged networks for Internet of things (IoT) and 5G services.
Synthesis of 9,9′‐Spirobifluorenes and 4,5‐Diaza‐9,9′‐spirobifluorenes and Their Application as Affinity Materials for Quartz Crystal Microbalances (2017)

Two different classes of aza analogues of 9,9'-spirobifluorenes have been synthesized. These were obtained by either furnishing the spirobifluorene with additional pyridyl moieties or by installing the aza function directly into the spirobifluorene core. These structurally rigid compounds were then evaluated as affinity materials for quartz crystal microbalances and proved to be highly potent for the detection of volatile organic compounds.
A Framework for Spectral Artifact Corrections in X-Ray CT (1981)

The spectral artifact problem in X-ray computed tomography (CI) is well known. Many techniques have been suggested to correct for this problem, including linearization methods, iterative methods, and dual spectrum methods.
Determination of 5-ASA in Whole or Partial Mesalamine Delayed-Release Tablets Recovered from Fecal Samples of Healthy Volunteers (2005)

Purpose: Mesalamine delayed-release tablets (Asacol®, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals) have a coating of methacrylic acid polymer B (EUDRAGIT-S) that allows release of mesalamine to the proximal colon with low systemic absorption (approx. 28%). This coating is pH sensitive and is released at a sustained pH level above 7. Fragments of Asacol tablets have been observed in fecal specimens, but the fragments were believed to be shells left after the 5-ASA had been released. The current study was to determine the amount of 5-ASA in whole and partial mesalamine tablets recovered from the fecal samples of healthy volunteers who received mesalamine therapy. Methods: 30 healthy volunteers received two 400mg mesalamine tablets po bid for 4 days. After observing the presence of whole and partial mesalamine tablets in fecal specimens, the investigators recovered the tablets and fragments for further analysis. The tablets and fragments recovered from fecal specimens were photographed, crushed and added to 20mL 0.1M NaPO4 (pH 6.0) and 80mL absolute methanol. After resting at room temperature for 4 hours, 40mL of the solution was placed in a centrifuge for 10 minutes. Three 10mL aliquots of supernatant were removed, frozen and sent to a laboratory to be assayed for 5-ASA with a lower limit of quantification of 2000ng/mL. Results: Of 30 volunteers, 27(90%) provided fecal samples. Of these, 15 volunteers (55%) presented with at least 1 mesalamine tablet or fragment in at least 1 fecal sample. All tablets and fragments recovered had detectable 5-ASA. Mean recovery was 97.2 ± 47.1 mg per tablet/fragment-approximately 24% of an intact tablet. Conclusions: 55% of healthy volunteers who received oral mesalamine delayed-release tablets over 4 days of treatment excreted whole or partial tablets in at least 1 fecal specimen. Because all tablets and fragments recovered had detectable 5-ASA, the recovered tablets were not just physical matrices, inert shells or other excipients. Mean recovery was 97.2 ± 47.1 mg per tablet/fragment-approximately 24% of an intact mesalamine tablet. Only visually detectable fragments were measured in this study; additional undetectable fragments could have been present. The actual percentage of unreleased mesalamine may be higher than reported here and represents an important fraction of the daily mesalamine dose.Table 1: No Caption available.
Impact of Data Placement on Parallel I/O Systems (1993)

The I/O performance of several concurrent external merge jobs sharing a parallel I/O system is studied. The placement of the runs is found to have a significant impact on performance. Placements leading to serialization among jobs were identified and analyzed, and solutions discussed. Contrary to the behavior of a single merge, increasing the buffer size in this situation may actually degrade performance.
Interferon induction by mismatched analogues of polyinosinic add . polycytidylic acid [(Ix.U)n.(C)nJ (1979)

Interruption of the (I)n strand of (I)n.(C)n by unpaired bases [(U)] yielded mismatched analogues, (Ix,U)n.(C)n which were still effective as inducers of interferon, provided the I:U ratio (x) was equal or greater than 10. In highly sensitive interferon-induction systems such as primary rabbit kidney cells and human skin fibroblasts superinduced with cycloheximide and actinomycin D, (I10,U)n.(C)n and (I50,U)n.(C)n proved nearly as active as (I)n.(C)n. By virtue of their increased susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, (Ix,U)n.(C)n complexes with 10 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 50 may be expected not to persist as long in biological fluids as (I)n.(C)n, hence to induce fewer side effects.
Autonomous Task Dropping Mechanism to Achieve Robustness in Heterogeneous Computing Systems (2020)

Robustness of a distributed computing system is defined as the ability to maintain its performance in the presence of uncertain parameters. Uncertainty is a key problem in heterogeneous (and even homogeneous) distributed computing systems that perturbs system robustness. Notably, the performance of these systems is perturbed by uncertainty in both task execution time and arrival. Accordingly, our goal is to make the system robust against these uncertainties. Considering task execution time as a random variable, we use probabilistic analysis to develop an autonomous proactive task dropping mechanism to attain our robustness goal. Specifically, we provide a mathematical model that identifies the optimality of a task dropping decision, so that the system robustness is maximized. Then, we leverage the mathematical model to develop a task dropping heuristic that achieves the system robustness within a feasible time complexity. Although the proposed model is generic and can be applied to any distributed system, we concentrate on heterogeneous computing (HC) systems that have a higher degree of exposure to uncertainty than homogeneous systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the autonomous proactive dropping mechanism can improve the system robustness by up to 20%.
WAVE PROPAGATION AND DISPERSION OF LAMB WAVES IN ADHESIVELY-BONDED STRUCTURES (2004)

With an increasing use of adhesively bonded joints in the industry, there is a correspondingly growing need for the inspection of adhered joints. It is necessary to detect defects in the adhesively bonded materials such as voids inclusions, chemical miscure of the adhesive, or delaminations of the bonded layers. In order to use an ultrasonic technique to detect these defects, a thorough understanding of the wave propagation and wave interaction with the adhesive layer must exist. The paper presents the testing and modeling of guided Lamb waves for disbond detection in adhesively bonded layered media using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). The interaction of the Lamb waves with the bonded layer was studied. An aluminum lap joint specimen was created and artificial disbonds were introduced in the structure. The guided Lamb waves were generated and introduced in the specimen using PWAS. The dispersion and attenuation of the traveling waves was studied for two cases, across the bond-line and along the bond-line. The focus was on the A0 and S0 modes of the guided Lamb waves. The two methods used in the experiment are pitch-catch (across the bond-line), and the pulse echo (along the bond-line).
Metastable Radicals and Intrinsic Chemiluminescence from Soy Proteins (2011)

Levels of metastable radicals in powdered soy proteins typically range from to 10 to 100 times greater than free radicals from other food protein sources. This research focuses on the types of reactions these radicals catalyze when soy proteins are hydrated, and the radicals suddenly become reactive. The findings suggest that a portion of the energy released from metastable radicals when powdered soy proteins are hydrated is involved in the generation of chemically-induced light.
Multiple Ehrlichia chaffeensis Genes Critical for Its Persistent Infection in a Vertebrate Host Are Identified by Random Mutagenesis Coupled with In Vivo Infection Assessment (2020)

<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>, a tick-transmitted obligate intracellular rickettsial agent, causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. In recent reports, we described substantial advances in developing random and targeted gene disruption methods to investigate the functions of <i>E. chaffeensis</i> genes. We reported earlier that the Himar1 transposon-based random mutagenesis is a valuable tool in defining <i>E. chaffeensis</i> genes critical for its persistent growth <i>in vivo</i> in reservoir and incidental hosts. The method also aided in extending studies focused on vaccine development and immunity. Here, we describe the generation and mapping of 55 new mutations. To define the critical nature of the bacterial genes, infection experiments were carried out in the canine host with pools of mutant organisms. Infection evaluation in the physiologically relevant host by molecular assays and by xenodiagnoses allowed the identification of many proteins critical for the pathogen's persistent <i>in vivo</i> growth. Genes encoding proteins involved in biotin biosynthesis, protein synthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis, DNA repair, electron transfer, and a component of a multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pump were concluded to be essential for the pathogen's <i>in vivo</i> growth. Three known immunodominant membrane proteins, i.e., two 28-kDa outer membrane proteins (P28/OMP) and a 120-kDa surface protein, were also recognized as necessary for the pathogen's obligate intracellular life cycle. The discovery of many <i>E. chaffeensis</i> proteins crucial for its continuous <i>in vivo</i> growth will serve as a major resource for investigations aimed at defining pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutics for this and related pathogens of the rickettsial family <i>Anaplasmataceae</i>.
Abstract 14: Drug sensitivity of vascularized tumor tissue in vitro (2014)

Abstract While there have been significant advances in using 3D culture systems to recapitulate physiological aspects of the tumor microenvironment, few systems are able to capture the full range of authentic, complex in vivo processes such as neovascularization and metastasis. Furthermore, these systems generally utilize established cell lines which compromise the clinical relevance. The goal of this study was to create a 3D in vitro model of patient-specific vascularized tumor tissue that could be used to evaluate the sensitivity to F-fluoruracil (5-FU). Colon cancer cells isolated directly from patient biopsies and endothelial colony forming cell-derived endothelial cells (EC) from cord blood were combined to form multicellular spheroids, and then embedded in a fibrin gel containing normal stromal cells (primary human lung fibroblasts). After 7 days in culture, these “prevascularized tumors” (PVTs) exhibited robust sprouting angiogenesis into the surrounding matrix, and also formed a distinct and contiguous vessel network within the spheroid itself. Network formation and branching of the sprouting vessels was comparable to those generated by co-culture spheroids of EC and cells from the colon cancer cell line SW620. These spheroids in particular demonstrated intravasation of single cells within the lumens of the vessel networks. This phenomenon was enhanced in low oxygen, and abrogated by silencing the transcription factor Slug. Thus, this phenomena is consistent with endothelial-mesenchymal transition. The PVTs have furthermore been used to distinguish the effects of EC on SW620 viability in response to 5-FU. Spheroids composed of EC and SW620 cells demonstrated decreased sensitivity to low dosage 5-FU treatment compared to spheroids composed of SW620 cells only, implicating potential EC-induced drug resistance. Our results demonstrate the utility of a 3D model system of the tumor microenvironment that may be used to study intravasation, microvessel formation, and sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. Citation Format: Seema M. Ehsan, Masahiro Inoue, Marian L. Waterman, Christopher CW Hughes, Steven C. George. Drug sensitivity of vascularized tumor tissue in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 14. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-14
Interleukin-18 Regulates Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Enhancing Fas-mediated Donor T Cell Apoptosis (2001)

Interleukin (IL)-18 is a recently discovered cytokine that modulates both T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses. IL-18 is elevated during acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We investigated the role of IL-18 in this disorder using a well characterized murine bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model (B6 --> B6D2F1). Surprisingly, blockade of IL-18 accelerated acute GVHD-related mortality. In contrast, administration of IL-18 reduced serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, decreased intestinal histopathology, and resulted in significantly improved survival (75 vs. 15%, P < 0.001). Administration of IL-18 attenuated early donor T cell expansion and was associated with increased Fas expression and greater apoptosis of donor T cells. The administration of IL-18 no longer protected BMT recipients from GVHD when Fas deficient (lpr) mice were used as donors. IL-18 also lost its ability to protect against acute GVHD when interferon (IFN)-gamma knockout mice were used as donors. Together, these results demonstrate that IL-18 regulates acute GVHD by inducing enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis of donor T cells early after BMT, and donor IFN-gamma is critical for this protective effect.
DC Bias Elimination and Integrated Magnetic Technology in Power Transformer (2015)

This paper studies the dc bias phenomenon and integrated magnetic technology in a single-phase transformer. A new transformer with the function of dc bias elimination based on the nano-composite magnetic material is designed, and a controllable reactor is integrated into the transformer by integrated magnetic technology. The mathematical model of hysteresis is established, and the correspondence relationship between coercivity and remanence of this material is determined; dc bias magnetic potential in the transformer core can directionally be eliminated using the conversion of coercivity and remanence of the nano-composite magnetic material. The integrated controllable reactor has the notable characteristics of decoupling with other windings, high linearity, less extra covering area, and energy saving. The prototype experimental results verify the correctness of the design.
Axial localization of luminophores by partial coherence interferometry (2004)

We propose a solution for increasing the axial resolution of confocal microscopes. In the experimental set-up described in this paper an interference phenomenon between two counterpropagating beams is used to determine the axial position of a luminophore. The optical path difference between the two waves, which is related to the position of the luminophore, is recovered thanks to a second interferometer by using partial coherence interferometry demodulation technique. The proposed solution can find applications in biology for localizing with nanometric resolution a small number of tagged species.
A framework for multiple, concurrent graphical representation (1989)

An object-oriented framework is presented that supports multiple concurrent representations of objects, including their semantics and their interrelationships with other objects. The framework is based primarily on two object classes, the building-level object class (BLOC) and the representation object class (ROC). The two classes, BLOC and ROC, along with a method for defining relationships between these classes, provide support for multiple concurrent representations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>