gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Absorption of Braided Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Tubes (2000)

Abstract Results from an experimental and analytical study on the behavior of braided glass fiber composite tubes under quasi-static crush conditions are presented. The composite tubes have an initiator plug introduced at one open end (chamfered) while the other end is clamped. This procedure causes the tube to ‘flare’ outwards into fronds and results in the progressive failure of the tube in the axial and hoop direction without global tube buckling. Axial force and axial displacements are measured during these tests in order to assess energy absorption. In addition, readings from strain gages that are placed at critical locations on the tube walls are used to assess the state of strain on the tube walls away from the crush end. During a crush test, the axial load ascended to a maximum value and subsequently settled to a plateau value about which the load oscillated during the progressive crushing of the tube. The oscillations exhibited distinct periodicity. Results from an analytical model that best simulates the failure of these tubes are presented. The model is based on an axisymmetric formulation of the cylindrical shell equations in conjunction with ideas from classical fracture mechanics and continuum damage mechanics.
Pinched inlet gravitational split‐flow thin fractionation of airborne particles and analysis of size dependent level of PCDD/Fs (2005)

Fine particles in air have a direct influence on human health because they carry toxic chemicals that can be deposited in the human lung when inhaled. Thus, particle size distribution and size dependent level of contamination of the airborne particles are important parameters for the study and assessment of environmental pollution. In this study, gravitational split-flow thin (SPLITT) fractionation (or GSF), a semi-preparative scale separation technique for particles, was applied for the continuous size sorting of airborne particles collected in urban area. About 2.0 g of airborne particles was fractionated into four different size intervals (<1.5, 1.5-2.5, 2.5-5.0, and >5.0 microm), and the collected fractions were examined by electron microscopy for particle size distribution and analyzed for the size dependent levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). It was found that more than 60% of particles including dissolved matters in weight were smaller than 5.0 microm and they contained more than 86% of the total PCDD/Fs amount in airborne particles.
<title>Microstrip-based Rotman lens for millimeter-wave sensing operations</title> (2001)

Rotman lenses offer a compact, rugged and reliable means of forming multi-beam staring array sensing arrangements. The successful implementation of Rotman devices, that operate at mm-wave frequencies, is important to a wide range of applications ranging from covert military operations and collision avoidance in cars and boats in poor weather, to landing aids for aircraft. This paper discusses the development of a Ka-band microstrip-based Rotman lens that is to be used in collision avoidance and other military related roles.
Erythrocyte Aggregation and Erythrocyte Membrane Properties in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and in Vascular Atherosclerotic Disease (2000)

Erythrocyte Aggregation and Erythrocyte Membrane Properties in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and in Vascular Atherosclerotic Disease -
Über das Ansprechen der Emaniermethode nach OTTO HAHN auf die Packungsdichte der Präparate (1937)

Article Über das Ansprechen der Emaniermethode nach OTTO HAHN auf die Packungsdichte der Präparate was published on May 1, 1937 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 36B, issue 1).
Evaluation of a warm-mix asphalt additive (2008)

Although several warm-mix asphalt projects have been explored in the USA, Europe, and some countries in Asia, there is a need for the research to evaluate the applicability of warm-mix asphalt in Thailand. In this study, the fundamental properties of bitumen modified with one of the commonly used additives (Sasobit, a long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon (LCAH)) were evaluated. The properties evaluated included the viscosity, rheological properties, rutting, and fatigue resistance. In addition, the compactability of the mixtures was also investigated to determine whether they could reach the desired density at lower temperatures. It was found that the LCAH modification improved the workability and the fundamental properties of bitumen as shown in better rutting and fatigue resistance, and also in higher complex shear modulus. The measurement of the compactability showed that less energy was required to compact the LCAH-modified asphalt mixtures to the desired density even at 20–40°C below compaction temperature. The mixtures modified with the LCAH had greater resistance to densification under traffic or higher potential to resist permanent deformation. The LCAH had no effect, however, on the resistance of asphalt mixtures to moisture damage, but the reduction of mixing and compaction temperatures could have a detrimental effect on the moisture sensitivity.
Effects of UV Irradiation on the Particle Growth in Low Pressure Silane Plasmas (2007)

Summary form only given. The effects of UV irradiation on the particle growth were studied in low pressure capacitively-coupled silane plasmas. The growing speed of the particles increased when UV was irradiated on the plasmas. The particle growth was monitored two dimensionally by the laser light scattering method. The particles grew about 100 nm in diameter and dragged out toward the chamber wall by the ion drag force. The growth and disappearance process of the particles were faster in the discharge with the UV irradiation than that without the UV irradiation. The experiments were performed with various discharge conditions; the operating RF power range of 50 -100 W and the pressure range of 30 -100 m-Torr. For example, at 80 mTorr and 70 W, the particles grew up to approximately 70 nm in time about 3 seconds faster with the UV irradiation than the case without the UV irradiation. This result is attributed to the particle coagulation mechanism. The particle growth speed increases when the positive ion density increases in the silane plasmas. The photoemission from the initially-formed several nm size particles is responsible for particles having positive charges, which results in the increase of the particle growth speed. These results were also confirmed by the SEM photographs.
The Importance of the Measurement of the Unsteady Wake of the Aeroassist Flight Experiment Vehicle: A White Paper (1990)

The High Frequency Radiometer (HFR) is the only instrument on the Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE) with sufficient temporal resolution to discern the frequency of unsteady wake oscillations. Determining both the frequency and amplitude of wake unsteadiness during AFE atmospheric entry is essential for reliably predicting the geometry and motion of the wake of future Aeroassisted Space Transfer Vehicles (ASTV). These parameters directly affect the location and size of the pay- load and the weight of the required afterbody heat protection. The purpose of the AFE is to validate the technologies required for the design of ASTVs, which will be used to exploit Earth-lunar space. This validation will be conducted at a combination of vehicle size, altitude, and velocity not obtainable in ground-based facilities. The AFE will provide the experimental flight data needed to improve our understanding of hypersonic-wake physics and to validate computational predictions of the aerodynamic and heating loads, including afterbody radiative heating loads, on an ASTV. Reliable prediction of ASTV wake flows will ensure that payloads are located within the shear-layer envelope and will determine the amount of thermal protection the payloads require. Specifically, understanding the temporal nature of the wake unsteadiness is important for two reasons. Most importantly, analysis of ground-based experiments suggests that wake unsteadiness results in a variation of as much as +/- 5 deg in the shear-flow turning angle. This angle must be reliably predicted to avoid shear-layer impingement on the vehicle afterbody, which would result in heating rates of about 10 W/sq cm, of the same order as on the forebody stagnation point. Secondly, the energy associated with wake unsteadiness will reduce the static enthalpy of the wake fluid and cause an error of as much as 30% in the amount of predicted wake radiative heating. Therefore, the HFR flight data, which will quantify the frequency and amplitude of the wake unsteadiness, are required for the verification of computational models of ASTV flowfields. Measurement of wake unsteadiness has been endorsed by the Peer Science Steering Group and the AFE Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Working Group. The Peer Science Steering Group has stressed that a reliable measurement of the wake unsteadiness is fundamental because incorporating unsteadiness represents a substantial challenge to the CFD community, and a reliable measurement will raise confidence in the computer simulation. The AFE CFD Working Group has stated that 44 any data which would prove the existence and effects of unsteady flow would be extremely valuable.
Chemical Speciation Influences Comparative Activity of Selenium-Enriched Garlic and Yeast in Mammary Cancer Prevention (2000)

A recent human intervention trial showed that daily supplementation with selenized yeast (Se-yeast) led to a decrease in the overall cancer morbidity and mortality by nearly 50%; past research has also demonstrated that selenized garlic (Se-garlic) is very effective in mammary cancer chemoprevention in the rat model. The goal of this study was to compare certain biological activities of Se-garlic and Se-yeast and to elucidate the differences based on the chemical forms of selenium found in these two natural products. Characterization of organic selenium compounds in yeast (1922 microg/g Se) and garlic (296 microg/g Se) was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or with electrospray mass spectrometry. Analytical speciation studies showed that the bulk of the selenium in Se-garlic and Se-yeast is in the form of gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine (73%) and selenomethionine (85%), respectively. The above methodology has the sensitivity and capability to account for >90% of total selenium. In the rat feeding studies, supplementation of Se-garlic in the diet at different levels consistently caused a lower total tissue selenium accumulation when compared to Se-yeast. On the other hand, Se-garlic was significantly more effective in suppressing the development of premalignant lesions and the formation of adenocarcinomas in the mammary gland of carcinogen-treated rats. Given the present finding on the identity of selenomethionine and gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine as the major form of selenium in Se-yeast and Se-garlic, respectively, the metabolism of these two compounds is discussed in an attempt to elucidate how their disposition in tissues might account for the differences in cancer chemopreventive activity.
Prevalence of Autoantibodies to Cardiac Troponin T in Healthy Blood Donors (2009)

Recently, human IgG reactive with cardiac troponin (cTn) I has received attention as a potential cause of false-negative results in some immunoassays for that antigen (1) and was further suggested as a possible contributor to idiopathic cardiomyopathy (2)(3) and poor outcome after myocardial infarction (4). The incidence of autoantibodies to cTnI is high in apparently healthy blood donors (12.7%) as well as in sample cohorts characterized on the basis of clinical biomarkers associated with cardiac, infectious, and autoimmune diseases (5). We report that autoantibodies reactive with the cTn T isoform have a similar prevalence to that seen for the I isoform.

Briefly, frozen plasma and serum samples from apparently healthy blood donors (n = 467), all of which had been approved for research use by the institutional review board, were obtained from the Abbott Laboratories specimen bank and thawed at 2–8 °C before use. The average age of the individuals donating these samples was 39.7 years (range 18–72 years), and the sex distribution …
Combatting fibre nonlinearity in symmetrical compensation schemes using RZ-modulation format at 120 km amplifier spacing over standard fibre (1997)

It is shown, that in standard fibre transmissions operating at 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s at high amplifier spacings of 120 km the impact of fibre nonlinearity is diminished by symmetrical ordering of dispersion compensating fibres allowing 1200 km RZ-transmission for 1 dB penalty.
Iterative feedback bio-printing-derived cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds with optimal geometrical fidelity and cellular controllability (2018)

For three-dimensional bio-printed cell-laden hydrogel tissue constructs, the well-designed internal porous geometry is tailored to obtain the desired structural and cellular properties. However, significant differences often exist between the designed and as-printed scaffolds because of the inherent characteristics of hydrogels and cells. In this study, an iterative feedback bio-printing (IFBP) approach based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the fabrication of cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds with optimal geometrical fidelity and cellular controllability was proposed. A custom-made swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) system was applied to characterize the printed scaffolds quantitatively. Based on the obtained empirical linear formula from the first experimental feedback loop, we defined the most appropriate design constraints and optimized the printing process to improve the geometrical fidelity. The effectiveness of IFBP was verified from the second run using gelatin/alginate hydrogel scaffolds laden with C3A cells. The mismatch of the morphological parameters greatly decreased from 40% to within 7%, which significantly optimized the cell viability, proliferation, and morphology, as well as the representative expression of hepatocyte markers, including CYP3A4 and albumin, of the printed cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds. The demonstrated protocol paves the way for the mass fabrication of cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds, engineered tissues, and scaled-up applications of the 3D bio-printing technique.
Bifacial Base‐Pairing Behaviors of 5‐Hydroxyuracil DNA Bases through Hydrogen Bonding and Metal Coordination (2015)

A novel bifacial ligand-bearing nucleobase, 5-hydroxyuracil (U(OH) ), which forms both a hydrogen-bonded base pair (U(OH) -A) and a metal-mediated base pair (U(OH) -M-U(OH) ) has been developed. The U(OH) -M-U(OH) base pairs were quantitatively formed in the presence of lanthanide ions such as Gd(III) when U(OH) -U(OH) pairs were consecutively incorporated into DNA duplexes. This result established metal-assisted duplex stabilization as well as DNA-templated assembly of lanthanide ions. Notably, a duplex possessing U(OH) -A base pairs was destabilized by addition of Gd(III) ions. This observation suggests that the hybridization behaviors of the U(OH) -containing DNA strands are altered by metal complexation. Thus, the U(OH) nucleobase with a bifacial base-pairing property holds great promise as a component for metal-responsive DNA materials.
Enantiospecific Solid Solution Formation Triggers the Propagation of Homochirality (2020)

Abstract Propagation of homochirality plays a crucial role in the discussion on the origin of life. We investigated the role of structurally related enantiopure additives in chiral symmetry breaking during reactive crystallizations. We demonstrate that symmetry breaking can be driven towards the same absolute configuration as the additive if this additive forms an enantiospecific solid solution with the racemate. We observe two antagonistic processes: enantiospecific growth inhibition directs symmetry breaking to the opposite enantiomer following “the rule of reversal”, and enantiospecific solid solution formation that favors homochiral outcome. During continuous grinding, contributions of solid solution formation override contributions of enantiospecific growth inhibition, directing the process towards the absolute configuration of the additive. Collectively, our findings offer a potential mechanism for the propagation of homochirality.
Création de l'espace des expressions faciales à partir de modèles bilinéaires asymétriques (2013)

National audience
A finite element model for simulating second generation high temperature superconducting coils/stacks with large number of turns (2017)

An efficient two dimensional T-A formulation based approach is proposed to calculate the electromagnetic characteristics of tape stacks and coils made of second generation high temperature superconductors. In the approach, a thin strip approximation of the superconductor is used in which the superconducting layer is modeled as a 1-dimensional domain. The formulation is mainly based on the calculation of the current vector potential T in the superconductor layer and the calculation of the magnetic vector potential A in the whole space, which are coupled together in the model. Compared with previous T-based models, the proposed model is innovative in terms of magnetic vector potential A solving, which is achieved by using the differential method, instead of the integral method. To validate the T-A formulation model, it is used to simulate racetrack coils made of second generation high temperature superconducting (2G HTS) tape, and the results are compared with the experimentally obtained data on the AC loss. The results show that the T-A formulation is accurate and efficient in calculating 2G HTS coils, including magnetic field distribution, current density distribution, and AC loss. Finally, the proposed model is used for simulating a 2000 turn coil to demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency in simulating large-scale 2G HTS coils.
INNER HELIOSPHERIC FLUX ROPE EVOLUTION VIA IMAGING OF CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS (2012)

Understanding the evolution of flux ropes in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is of importance both to the scientific and technological communities. Scientifically their presence is critical to models describing CME launch and they likely play a role in CME evolution. Technologically they are the major contributor to severe geomagnetic storms. Using a new processing technique on the STEREO/SECCHI heliospheric imaging data, we have tracked a magnetic flux rope observed by the Wind spacecraft in December 2008 to its origins observed by coronagraphs. We thereby establish that the cavity in the classic three-part coronagraph CME is the feature that becomes the magnetic cloud. This implies that the bright material ahead of the cavity is piled-up coronal or solar wind material. We track the evolution of the cavity en-route and find that its structure transforms from concave inward (curving away from the Sun) to concave outward (toward the Sun) around 0.065 AU from the Sun. The pileup was tracked and its leading edge remained concave inward throughout its journey. Two other CMEs in January 2009 are also inspected and a similar cavity is observed in each, suggesting that they too each contained a flux rope. The results presented here are the first direct observation, through continuous tracking, associating a particular flux rope observed in situ with the same flux rope before ejection from the corona. We speculate that detailed heliospheric imagery of CMEs may lead to a means by which flux ropes can be identified remotely in the heliosphere.
Aberrant phenotypic expression of MUC17 is associated with aggressive behavior of colorectal adenocarcinomas (2008)

987 Background: Mucins are the major secreted glycoprotein of gastrointestinal tract including the colon and the rectum. Aberrant expression of mucins has been known to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Increased expression of MUC17, a recently identified membrane tethered mucin, was reported in pancreatic tumor tissues and in cancer cell lines of pancreas and colon. Nevertheless, the staining patterns of MUC17 and their clinical significance in colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs) have not been studied.  Methods: One hundred and thirty six patients, who underwent surgical resection for CRC and had not received any pre- or -post surgery therapy, were selected for this study. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens from these patients were evaluated for phenotypic expression of MUC17 using rabbit polyclonal antibody and horse-radish peroxidase detection method. The expression levels and patterns were correlated with different clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes.  Results: In our study, MUC17 was localized to the cytoplasm, specifically in supra-nuclear position (punctate pattern), in all benign colonic epithelial tissues. In contrast, we observed two distinct patterns either punctate (60 of 136, 44%) or diffuse cytoplasmic (76 of 136, 56%) staining in tumor tissues. The cases in which the tumors exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic pattern were considered to be aberrant expressors of MUC17. The aberrant expression of MUC17 was significantly correlated with poor tumor differentiation (χ2, P=0.021) and with larger tumor size (χ2, P=0.011). Also, patients whose tumors demonstrated loss of punctate staining (diffuse cytoplasmic) patterns of MUC17 had a trend towards poor overall patient survival (logrank, P=0.072).Conclusion:These preliminary results suggest that the loss of punctate immunostaining pattern of MUC17 is associated with an aggressive behavior of colorectal adenocarcinomas and poor patient survival. This work is supported by funds from the National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (RO1-CA98932-01, 2U54-CA118948-03, U01CA111294, and the Early Detection Research Network, U24-CA086359).
Conversational tagging in twitter (2010)

Users on Twitter, a microblogging service, started the phenomenon of adding tags to their messages sometime around February 2008. These tags are distinct from those in other Web 2.0 systems because users are less likely to index messages for later retrieval. We compare tagging patterns in Twitter with those in Delicious to show that tagging behavior in Twitter is different because of its conversational, rather than organizational nature. We use a mixed method of statistical analysis and an interpretive approach to study the phenomenon. We find that tagging in Twitter is more about filtering and directing content so that it appears in certain streams. The most illustrative example of how tagging in Twitter differs is the phenomenon of the Twitter micro-meme: emergent topics for which a tag is created, used widely for a few days, then disappears. We describe the micro-meme phenomenon and discuss the importance of this new tagging practice for the larger real-time search context.
Neural Relational Inference with Fast Modular Meta-learning (2023)

\textit{Graph neural networks} (GNNs) are effective models for many dynamical systems consisting of entities and relations. Although most GNN applications assume a single type of entity and relation, many situations involve multiple types of interactions. \textit{Relational inference} is the problem of inferring these interactions and learning the dynamics from observational data. We frame relational inference as a \textit{modular meta-learning} problem, where neural modules are trained to be composed in different ways to solve many tasks. This meta-learning framework allows us to implicitly encode time invariance and infer relations in context of one another rather than independently, which increases inference capacity. Framing inference as the inner-loop optimization of meta-learning leads to a model-based approach that is more data-efficient and capable of estimating the state of entities that we do not observe directly, but whose existence can be inferred from their effect on observed entities. To address the large search space of graph neural network compositions, we meta-learn a \textit{proposal function} that speeds up the inner-loop simulated annealing search within the modular meta-learning algorithm, providing two orders of magnitude increase in the size of problems that can be addressed.