gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of point-of-care ultrasound in breast imaging using deep learning (2023)

Early detection of breast cancer is important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Access to breast imaging is limited in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. This contributes to advance-stage breast cancer presentation with poor survival. Pocket-sized portable ultrasound device, also known as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), aided by decision support using deep learning-based algorithms for lesion classification could be a cost-effective way to enable access to breast imaging in low-resource settings. A previous study, where using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to classify breast cancer in conventional ultrasound (US) images, showed promising results. The aim of the present study is to classify POCUS breast images. A POCUS data set containing 1100 breast images was collected. To increase the size of the data set, a Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) was trained on US images to generate synthetic POCUS images. A CNN was implemented, trained, validated and tested on POCUS images. To improve performance, the CNN was trained with different combinations of data consisting of POCUS images, US images, CycleGAN-generated POCUS images and spatial augmentation. The best result was achieved by a CNN trained on a combination of POCUS images and CycleGAN-generated POCUS images and augmentation. This combination achieved a 95% confidence interval for AUC between 93.5% - 96.6%.
Preparation of Highly Purified TiO2 (Anatase) (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Highly Purified TiO2 (Anatase)A. W. Czanderna, A. F. Clifford, and J. M. HonigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 20, 5407–5409Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01577a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (393 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Surface Analytical Imaging (2017)

The commonest property required is the chemical composition of a particular area but other information such as chemical coordination or local electronic or vibrational data may also be deduced. If microanalysis in the general sense is carried out in such a way that spatially resolved information from different regions of the sample is obtained then imaging microanalysis is being performed. This chapter addresses some of the issues that arise in imaging microanalysis by placing particular emphasis upon scanning beam techniques. These are very widespread in use and are conveniently adaptable to computer controlled equipment. Direct imaging methods of microanalysis are designed so that the sample is illuminated over a large area instead of the incident radiation being focused into a fine probe. The spectrometer is of a type which images the emitting region of the sample onto a detector array.
Monitoring of 2-butanone using a Ag–Cu bimetallic alloy nanoscale electrochemical sensor (2015)

Cu–Ag alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by a novel method and coated over a glassy carbon electrode for the detection of a carcinogen, 2-butanone.
Automatic layout feature extraction for lithography hotspot detection based on deep neural network (2016)

Lithography hotspot detection in the physical verification phase is one of the most important techniques in today's optical lithography based manufacturing process. Although lithography simulation based hotspot detection is widely used, it is also known to be time-consuming. To detect hotspots in a short runtime, several machine learning based methods have been proposed. However, it is difficult to realize highly accurate detection without an increase in false alarms because an appropriate layout feature is undefined. This paper proposes a new method to automatically extract a proper layout feature from a given layout for improvement in detection performance of machine learning based methods. Experimental results show that using a deep neural network can achieve better performance than other frameworks using manually selected layout features and detection algorithms, such as conventional logistic regression or artificial neural network.
g:Profiler—a web server for functional interpretation of gene lists (2016 update) (2016)

Functional enrichment analysis is a key step in interpreting gene lists discovered in diverse high-throughput experiments. g:Profiler studies flat and ranked gene lists and finds statistically significant Gene Ontology terms, pathways and other gene function related terms. Translation of hundreds of gene identifiers is another core feature of g:Profiler. Since its first publication in 2007, our web server has become a popular tool of choice among basic and translational researchers. Timeliness is a major advantage of g:Profiler as genome and pathway information is synchronized with the Ensembl database in quarterly updates. g:Profiler supports 213 species including mammals and other vertebrates, plants, insects and fungi. The 2016 update of g:Profiler introduces several novel features. We have added further functional datasets to interpret gene lists, including transcription factor binding site predictions, Mendelian disease annotations, information about protein expression and complexes and gene mappings of human genetic polymorphisms. Besides the interactive web interface, g:Profiler can be accessed in computational pipelines using our R package, Python interface and BioJS component. g:Profiler is freely available at http://biit.cs.ut.ee/gprofiler/.
Search for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in final states with two or three leptons at $$\sqrt{s}=13\hbox {TeV}$$ s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A search for the electroweak production of charginos, neutralinos and sleptons decaying into final states involving two or three electrons or muons is presented. The analysis is based on 36.1 fb <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Several scenarios based on simplified models are considered. These include the associated production of the next-to-lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino, followed by their decays into final states with leptons and the lightest neutralino via either sleptons or Standard Model gauge bosons; direct production of chargino pairs, which in turn decay into leptons and the lightest neutralino via intermediate sleptons; and slepton pair production, where each slepton decays directly into the lightest neutralino and a lepton. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed and stringent limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the masses of relevant supersymmetric particles in each of these scenarios. For a massless lightest neutralino, masses up to 580 GeV are excluded for the associated production of the next-to-lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino, assuming gauge-boson mediated decays, whereas for slepton-pair production masses up to 500 GeV are excluded assuming three generations of mass-degenerate sleptons.
Pulsed Power from Inertial Storage with Homopolar Machines for Conversion (2016)

Because of its simplicity, an inertial energy storage with a homopolar machine for conversion can provide a relatively inexpensive pulsed-power supply for some important applications. The fundamental principles of operation of homopolar machines are given along with configurations that have been used or proposed and scaling laws for each configuration. Operating characteristics and costs are described as functions of energy level, discharge time and voltage level. The physical limitations on system performance are described to define the ranges of applicability of the concept.
A Mechanical Comparison of the Dynamic Compression Plate, Limited Contact-Dynamic Compression Plate, and Point Contact Fixator (1995)

Cortical bone porosis associated with the dynamic compression plate (DCP) prompted the development of the limited-contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) and the point-contact fixator (PC-Fix) to increase bone vascularity. However, the comparative fixation characteristics of the three designs are unknown. Transverse fractures were physiologically created in paired cadaveric sheep tibiae, which were plated before torsion testing and four-point bending to failure. The tibiae were grouped randomly and compared as follows: DCP versus LC-DCP, DCP versus PC-Fix, and LC-DCP versus PC-Fix. Mean torque to failure demonstrated no significant difference between the three plates (p < 0.33). Mean bending stiffness, gap opening, and moment to failure also demonstrated no significant difference between the three designs with p < 0.29, < 0.13, and < 0.16, respectively. The LC-DCP and PC-Fix have torsion and bending properties comparable with the DCP in the fixation of simple transverse diaphyseal fractures.
Über Ammoniumdoppelchromate (1908)

MAT GROGER
High Dynamic Range Nanowire Resonators (2021)

Dynamic range quantifies the linear operation regime available in nanomechanical resonators. Nonlinearities dominate the response of flexural beams in the limit of very high aspect ratio and very small diameter, which leads to expectation of low dynamic range for nanowire resonators in general. However, the highest achievable dynamic range for nanowire resonators with practical dimensions remains to be determined. We report dynamic range measurements on singly clamped silicon nanowire resonators reaching remarkably high values of up to 90 dB obtained with a simple harmonic actuation scheme. We explain these measurements by a comprehensive theoretical examination of dynamic range in singly clamped flexural beams including the effect of tapering, a usual feature of semiconductor nanowires. Our analysis reveals the nanowire characteristics required for broad linear operation, and given the relationship between dynamic range and mass sensing performance, it also enables analytical determination of mass detection limits, reaching atomic-scale resolution for feasible nanowires.
Azeotrope Formation between Thiols and Hydrocarbons (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzeotrope Formation between Thiols and HydrocarbonsR. L. Denyer, F. A. Fidler, and R. A. LowryCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 12, 2727–2737Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50480a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50480a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Solid-state devices (1985)

Report on 14th European solid-state device research conference (ESSDERC 84), European Physical Society, 10-13 September, Lille, France.
Haptic shared control improves tele-operated task performance towards performance in direct control (2011)

In tele-operation, haptic feedback from the remote environment to the human is often limited, which has been shown to negatively influence the performance and required time of tasks. The conventional research focus is on improving the quality of the haptic feedback (transparency), which may have led to significant improvement, but is still imperfect, with many unresolved issues. The present study presents an alternative approach to improve tele-operated tasks: by offering haptic shared control in which both operator and support system apply the required forces at the input (master) device. It is hypothesized that virtual forces from well-designed shared control will improve required time and accuracy, with less control effort, and that these benefits exist for perfect transparency but even more so for imperfect transparency. In an experimental study haptic shared control was designed to aid operators (n=9) with performing a simple bolt-spanner task using a planar (2D, 3DOF) tele-operator setup. The experimental results provided evidence for the hypotheses, showing that the tested tele-manipulation task benefits from haptic shared control, for three different levels of transparency. Essentially, the presence of haptic shared control allows for a worse transparency without compromising required time, and can even improve required time during perfect transparency.
Oscillating Magnetic Field Analysis of Superconducting Magnet for MRI System (2019)

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system is a diagnostic imaging device using magnetic field. In the MRI system, pulse current is energized to gradient coils in a strong static magnetic field generated by a superconducting magnet. Since electromagnetic force (i.e. Lorentz force) is generated in the gradient coils and the superconducting magnet, the MRI magnet system vibrates. Especially, the vibration of MRI system disturbs a homogeneity and stability of the magnetic field. As the magnetic field disturbances causes error magnetic field and affect image quality, it is important to evaluate them in a design process. We are evaluating them by an oscillating magnetic field analysis technology that combines structural analysis and magnetic field analysis. In this study, using excitation forces taking into account operation conditions, the difference of the error magnetic field by the structures of the superconducting magnet was evaluated.
Isotope Effects on Hydrogen Getter Rate (2017)

Abstract Tritium Producing Burnable Absorber Rods (TPBARs) use nickel plated, zirconium tubing for gettering tritium. However, during the development phase of the getter design only protium gas was used to determine getter rate. The verification phase of getter performance (product acceptance testing) also used only protium gas. Thus, isotope mass effects on getter rate were not evaluated. A modified getter rate test using both protium and deuterium gas was performed to determine isotope mass effects. Test procedures were developed to measure isotope effect on getter rate versus temperature while minimizing experimental uncertainties with respect to surface cleanliness and variability of test results between different specimens.
Magnetic properties of inter-rare-earth alloys at low temperatures in high magnetic fields (1979)

The effects of low concentrations of the weakly magnetic rare earths Sm(0–16.23 at.%) and Eu(0–1.08 at.%) on the strongly ferromagnetic rare-earth metals Ho, Dy, and Gd have been studied through measurements of magnetization at temperatures from 4.2 to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 50 kOe in polycrystalline samples. Samples of Ho-Sm alloys with concentrations of 1–6 at.% Sm show a definite increase in magnetic induction over the value for pure Ho metal under identical conditions, the magnetic induction of the alloy decreasing linearly with increasing Sm concentration. In contrast, the addition of 1.0 at.% Eu to Ho, Dy, or Gd does not change the magnetic properties of the host metal. The magnetic moment per atom and the temperature dependance of the magnetization were determined.
Variable geometry capacitive probes for multipurpose sensing (1989)

Abstract A capacitive array for robotic proximity and feature sensing has been designed, modeled, and tested. The basic probe consists of alternating metallic strip electrodes. One set of strips makes up the drive plate. The other set consists of tiny receivers. Both sum and differential modes of operations are used to allow one to detect proximity and features, respectively. Modeling has encompassed calculation of admittance changes (Δ Y) due to the introduction of materials with simple geometric configurations. The theory is developed in detail using the Lorentz reciprocity theorem. The relationship between the spatial frequency of the probe electrodes and the interrogation field penetration is also discussed. Testing has involved scanning a two-port configured probe system over a test piece with known features and flaws. Four capabilities of the probe have been examined: distance ranging, edge detection, field optimization (changing the electric field pattern of the probe to enhance output signal), and complex pattern recognition (filtering). Both dielectric and metal objects have been investigated.
A Technique for Quantitative Assessment of Three-Dimensional Motion with Applications to Human Joints (1989)

A technique is developed for quantitative measurement of general three-dimensional motion, and this technique is applied to the kinematics of anatomical joints. The spatial locations of three orthogonal points representing coordinate frames on each member of the joint are measured during motion of the joint by photo encoders of a three-dimensional mechanical pointer. Kinematic calculations are used to derive, from the experimentally collected data, the six orthogonal components of the motion of one member relative to the other. The accuracy of this technique is presented. Applications to the knee and ankle are discussed.
Polymorphism and protein expression of MUTYH gene for risk of rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

Our study showed that RA is associated with rs3219463 SNP in EGFR gene and an increased serum level of the MUTYH protein. These findings suggest MUTYH is worthy of further investigation as a therapeutic target for RA.
Source code for the article Taxonomic Signatures of Long-Term Mortality Risk in Human Gut Microbiota (2020)

Source code for the article Taxonomic Signatures of Long-Term Mortality Risk in Human Gut Microbiota, Aaro Salosensaari, Ville Laitinen, Aki Havulinna, Guillaume Meric, Susan Cheng, MarkusPerola, Liisa Valsta, Georg Alfthan, Michael Inouye, Jeramie D. Watrous, Tao Long, Rodolfo Salido, Karenina Sanders, Caitriona Brennan, Gregory C. Humphrey, Jon G.Sanders, Mohit Jain, Pekka Jousilahti, Veikko Salomaa, Rob Knight, Leo Lahti, TeemuNiiranen, medRxiv 2019.12.30.19015842; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.30.19015842 Further versions of the code can be found in the online repository Contact: Leo Lahti, leo.lahti@utu.fi; Ville Laitinen, velait@utu.fi
Polyadenylation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase beta 1-subunit during early development of Xenopus laevis (1994)

In fully grown Xenopus oocytes, the synthesis of beta-subunits is limiting for the formation of functional Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase alpha/beta-complexes (Geering, K. FEBS Lett. 285: 189-193, 1991). In the present study, we show that during oocyte growth (from stage I to stage VI) alpha 1-, but not beta 1- or beta 3-isoform, mRNAs accumulate. In addition, beta-mRNAs are apparently sequestered in an untranslated pool in fully grown oocytes (stage VI). From fertilization to morulation, the total pools of alpha 1-, beta 1-, or beta 3-mRNAs vary little. Whereas polyadenylated [poly(A)+] alpha 1- and beta 3-isoform mRNAs did not change significantly, poly(A)+ beta 1-mRNA abundance increased three- to fourfold at morulation, accompanied by a parallel increase in beta 1-protein synthesis. After midblastula transition (i.e., at early gastrula) and during neurulation, poly(A)+ alpha 1- and beta 3-mRNAs accumulated rapidly, whereas poly(A)+ beta 1-mRNA accumulation was delayed by approximately 2 h, beginning only at early neurula. Our results indicate that 1) the abundance of poly(A)+ beta 1-mRNA is rate limiting during embryonic development for the assembly of alpha 1/beta 1-heterodimers, shown to be involved in the vectorial transport of sodium in kidney cells, and 2) the polyadenylation of beta 1-mRNA is a rate-limiting factor during morulation for the synthesis and assembly of new sodium pumps at the time of blastocoel fluid formation. The 3'-untranslated region of beta 1-mRNA (but not of alpha 1-mRNA) expresses cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) with the consensus sequence AXX-AUUUU(A/U)(A/U)(A/U). A role of CPE in the differential polyadenylation of alpha 1- and beta 1-mRNA is proposed.
Mutations récurrentes des gènesRHOAetFYNdans les lymphomes T périphériques (2014)

1. Zlokovic BV. The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Neuron 2008 ; 57 : 178-201. 2. Armulik A, Genove G, Mae M, et al. Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier. Nature 2010 ; 468 : 557-561. 3. Pardridge WM. Drug transport across the bloodbrain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012 ; 32 : 1959-72. 4. Banks WA, Terrell B, Farr SA, et al. Passage of amyloid beta protein antibody across the blood-brain barrier in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Peptides 2002 ; 23 : 2223-6. 5. Niewoehner J, Bohrmann B, Collin L, et al. Increased brain penetration and potency of a therapeutic antibody using a monovalent molecular shuttle. Neuron 2014 ; 81 : 49-60. 6. Bohrmann B, Baumann K, Benz J, et al. Gantenerumab: a novel human anti-Abeta antibody demonstrates sustained cerebral amyloid-beta binding and elicits cell-mediated removal of human amyloid-beta. J Alzheimers Dis 2012 ; 28 : 49-69. 7. Gosselet F, Candela P, Cecchelli R, Fenart L. La barriere hemato-encephalique. Med Sci (Paris) 2011 ; 27 : 987-92. existant. Cette technologie pourrait offrir de nombreuses perspectives therapeutiques pour le traitement de maladies neurologiques en permettant le passage de grosses molecules telles que des anticorps, des peptides, des enzymes ou autres facteurs de croissance dans le parenchyme cerebral. L’etude effectuee chez la souris devra maintenant etre reproduite chez l’homme afin d’ouvrir les portes du cerveau a une nouvelle generation de molecules therapeutiques. ‡