gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Plant Trichome Development by a Cotton Fiber MYB Gene[W] (2004)

Cotton (Gossypium spp) plants produce seed trichomes (cotton fibers) that are an important commodity worldwide; however, genes controlling cotton fiber development have not been characterized. In Arabidopsis thaliana the MYB gene GLABRA1 (GL1) is a central regulator of trichome development. Here, we show that promoter of a cotton fiber gene, RD22-like1 (RDL1), contains a homeodomain binding L1 box and a MYB binding motif that confer trichome-specific expression in Arabidopsis. A cotton MYB protein GaMYB2/Fiber Factor 1 transactivated the RDL1 promoter both in yeast and in planta. Real-time PCR and in situ analysis showed that GaMYB2 is predominantly expressed early in developing cotton fibers. After transferring into Arabidopsis, GL1::GaMYB2 rescued trichome formation of a gl1 mutant, and interestingly, 35S::GaMYB2 induced seed-trichome production. We further demonstrate that the first intron of both GL1 and GaMYB2 plays a role in patterning trichomes: it acts as an enhancer in trichome and a repressor in nontrichome cells, generating a trichome-specific pattern of MYB gene expression. Disruption of a MYB motif conserved in intron 1 of GL1, WEREWOLF, and GaMYB2 genes affected trichome production. These results suggest that cotton and Arabidopsis use similar transcription factors for regulating trichomes and that GaMYB2 may be a key regulator of cotton fiber development.
Presentation of an Intertwined Tumor Chain from Diploid over Tetraploid towards the Aneuploid Tumors (2021)

The role of Tetraploidization (TPZ) in tumor progression is not clearly described as an important link from one
 benign tumor to a more malign tumor. In this report we will intertwine the TPZ in a chain starting with diploid and
 during a lot of replicative stress parameters and hypoxia under increasing genomic instability losing genetic material
 and move down to aneuploids tumors. To arrange this connection between DNA (DI) entities we separated all
 tetraploid tumors in two subgroups (1.8 ≥ DI<2.0) and to (2.0 ≥ DI<2.2), and furthermore, two aneuploid groups
 divided in (1.2 ≥ DI<1.4) and (1.4 ≥ DI<1.8). This rather simple higher level of resolution has opened a new way to
 a deeper understanding of ploidy alterations during tumor progression. In total 1253 breast cancer patients divided
 in five decades were included from age <40 years and up to ≥ 70s. Two connected decades (50 ≥ age<70 years) were
 included in mammography screening interfering with the data and improved the results. The whole data of DNA-
 indices in each of the four DI intervals were included within (1.2 ≥ DI<2.2). Furthermore, the genomic instability
 was analyzed by three increasing levels of Stemline-Scatter Index (SSI): SSI<6, SSI<15 and SSI ≤ 60 rel. units which
 drives the genomic instability towards higher degree of malignancy.
Proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of substituted phosphinito and phosphito complexes of platinum(II). Analysis of the phosphorus-31 spectrum of an AA'BB'-AA'BB'X spin system showing second-order effects in coupling with platinum-195 (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of substituted phosphinito and phosphito complexes of platinum(II). Analysis of the phosphorus-31 spectrum of an AA'BB'-AA'BB'X spin system showing second-order effects in coupling with platinum-195Roger P. Sperline, William B. Beaulieu, and D. Max RoundhillCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 7, 2032–2035Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50185a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50185a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Vitamin C on Glycosylation of Proteins (1992)

Twelve nondiabetic subjects consumed 1 g/day vitamin C for 3 mo. A fasting blood sample was taken at the start of the study and at the end of each month for the measurement of plasma and intraerythrocyte glucose, vitamin C, glycosylated hemoglobin (affinity chromatography and electrophoresis), and glycosylated albumin (affinity chromatography). Although there were no significant changes in fasting glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (affinity chromatography) decreased 18%, from 6.18 +/- 0.48% (mean +/- SD) at the start to 5.05 +/- 0.50% (P less than 0.0001) after 3 mo, whereas, HbA1 measured by electrophoresis increased 16%, from 6.17 +/- 0.61 to 7.16 +/- 0.59% (P less than 0.0001) in this period. Glycosylated albumin decreased 33%, from 1.56 +/- 0.24 to 1.04 +/- 1.01% (P less than 0.0001) after 3 mo. This discrepancy between glycosylated hemoglobin measured by electrophoresis and affinity chromatography was due to methodological differences between the two techniques, with affinity chromatography measuring "true" glycosylated hemoglobin. The greater decrease found with glycosylated albumin was probably due to the different distribution of vitamin C between plasma and within the erythrocyte, levels after 1 mo of supplementation being 109 +/- 19 and 59 +/- 9 microM, respectively (P less than 0.001). This indicates that administration of oral vitamin C may inhibit the glycosylation of proteins in vivo by a competitive mechanism.
Differential Expression of β Amyloid Protein Precursor (APP) and tau mRNA in the Aged Human Brain (1991)

We investigated the relationship between the differential expression of beta amyloid protein precursor (APP) and tau mRNA, and the extent of beta and tau deposition in three regions from each of the 38 aged brains obtained from consecutive autopsied cases. Remarkable variabilities were noted in the ratios of APP-770/-751/-695 and four-repeat tau among elderly individuals. There was no consistent alteration in the APP differential expression among beta plaque (-), (+), and (++(-) ) groups. Also, no differences in the four-repeat tau ratios were noted among tangle (-), (+), and (++) groups. Despite these great individual variabilities, APP-751 was found to be well-correlated with four-repeat tau. It is possible that APP-751 and four-repeat tau are increasing during aging, while APP-695 and three-repeat tau are decreasing.
Multi-task deep neural network with shared hidden layers: Breaking down the wall between emotion representations (2017)

Emotion representations are psychological constructs for modelling, analysing, and recognising emotion, being one essential element of affect. Due to its complexity, the boundaries between different emotion concepts are often fuzzy, which is also reflected in the diversification of emotion databases, and their inconsistent target labels. When facing data scarcity as an ever present issue for acoustic emotion recognition, the straightforward method to jointly use the existing data resources is to map various emotion labels onto one common dimensional space; this, however, comes with considerable information loss. To solve the dilemma of data aggregation whilst efficiently exploiting the emotion labels in terms of their original meaning and interrelations, we advocate the usage of multi-task deep neural networks with shared hidden layers (MT-SHL-DNN), in which the feature transformations are shared across different emotion representations, while the output layers are separately associated with each emotion database. On nine frequently used emotional speech corpora and two different acoustic feature sets, we demonstrate that the MT-SHL-DNN method outperforms the single-task DNNs trained with only one emotion representation.
Defect avoidance for EUV photomask readiness at the 7 nm node (2016)

Several challenges hinder extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) photomask fabrication and its readiness for high volume manufacturing (HVM). The lack in availability of pristine defect-free blanks as well as the absence of a robust mask repair technique mandates defect mitigation through pattern shift for the production of defect-free photomasks. The work presented here provides a comprehensive look at pattern shift implementation to intersect EUV HVM for the 7 nm technology node. An empirical error budget to compensate for measurement variability and errors, based on the latest HVM inspection and write tool capabilities, is first established and then experimentally verified. The validated error budget is applied to 20 representative EUV blanks and pattern shift is performed on fully functional 7 nm node chip designs. The probability of defect-free masks is explored for various layers, including metal, contact, and gate cut layers. From these results, an assessment is made on the current viability of defect-free EUV masks and what is required to construct a complete defect-free EUV mask set.
Losartan in Heart Failure (1995)

This study showed that oral losartan administered to patients with symptomatic heart failure resulted in beneficial hemodynamic effects with short-term administration, with additional beneficial hemodynamic effects seen after 12 weeks of therapy. Clear effects were seen with both 25 and 50 mg, with the greatest effect seen with 50 mg.
Synthesis and Study of Materials for Superconducting Electronics. (1988)

Abstract : Study of high-Tc superconductors in single-crystal and thin film form has begun. Investigation of semiconductor tunnel barriers has led to improvement of their theoretical description. Transport measurements of layered films of transition metal nitrides showed evidence of spin-orbit scattering and dimensional crossover effects. A technique for analyzing tunneling conductances to obtain the amount of Zeeman splitting using Fourier transforms has been developed and applied to V3Ga tunneling data. Spin-orbit scattering rates measured by two independent techniques, spin-polarized tunneling and magnetoresistance, have been shown to be similar. The strength of Fermi-liquid corrections on the effective magnetic moment of conduction electrons in vanadium and gallium has been found using spin-polarized tunneling. The effect of spin-orbit scattering on the density of states of superconducting thin films has been measured. The superconducting properties of ultra-thin niobium films were studied.
The Effects of Program/Erase Cycles on the ONO Stack Layer in SONOS Flash Memory Cell Investigated by a Variable-Amplitude Low-Frequency Charge-Pumping Technique (2009)

In this paper, influences of program/erase (P/E) cycles on the defect generation in a SONOS flash memory cell are studied by using a variable-amplitude low-frequency charge-pumping technique. We observe that P/E cycles would generate new oxide and nitride traps, and degraded cell retention is observed. Besides, the increase of oxide- and nitride-trap densities follows a power-law behavior as a function of P/E cycles. We also observe that these stress-created oxide and nitride traps are unstable and will be eliminated rapidly during high-temperature storage.
Mutations in hemophilia Bm occur at the Arg180-Val activation site or in the catalytic domain of factor IX. (1990)

Hemophilia Bm is characterized by a strikingly prolonged plasma ox brain prothrombin time. In an attempt to find an explanation for this phenomenon we have analyzed various aspects of the Bm variants factor IX Deventer, factor IX Milano, factor IX Novara, and factor IX Bergamo. Proteolytic cleavage by factor XIa was normal in two Bm variants, but absent at the Arg180-Val bond in the other two. In the latter variants Arg180 was replaced by either Trp or Gln, whereas Val181----Phe and Pro368----Thr replacements have occurred in the variants that were normally cleaved by factor XIa. In all four variants the Bm effect could be neutralized with a single monoclonal antibody against factor IX. Also, after treatment with factor XIa, none of the Bm variants reacted with antithrombin III (in contrast to normal factor IXa). Purified factor IX Deventer (one of the variants with a replacement of Arg181), either with or without pretreatment with factor XIa, was found to be a more effective competitive inhibitor of the factor VIIa-tissue factor-induced factor X activation than similarly treated normal factor IX. In addition, this inhibitory effect was much more pronounced when bovine tissue factor was used instead of human tissue factor. We propose that the normal activation of factor IX not only produces a conformational change around the active site serine that allows efficient substrate binding and catalysis, but that the same conformational change is instrumental in effectively dissociating factor IXa from the activating factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. Amino acid replacements that disrupt this conformational transition directly (e.g. Pro368----Thr near the catalytic center) or indirectly (mutations at the Arg180-Val activation site) therefore lead to a combination of 1) the loss of coagulant activity and 2) an inhibitory effect in the ox brain prothrombin time assay.
Conditions and mutations affecting Staphylococcus aureus L-form formation (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen and is known to form L-forms in vitro and in vivo during infection. However, the conditions of L-form formation are not optimal and the mechanisms of L-form formation in this organism are unknown. Here, we optimized the conditions of S. aureus unstable L-form formation, constructed a transposon mutant library and screened for mutants defective in unstable L-form formation. Our results revealed that 20 % sucrose, 3.5 % sodium chloride, 750-1000 U penicillin and 33 °C were optimal conditions for L-form formation. Stationary phase cultures of S. aureus formed L-forms better than exponential phase cultures. The S. aureus L-form colonies showed typical 'fried-egg' morphology and the cells had deficient cell wall, showed morphological diversity, and stained Gram-negative. The mutant library screens identified 15 mutants deficient in L-form formation and sequencing analysis identified mutations in eight genes and three intergenic regions. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that, with the exception of gntK, seven genes including glpF, glpK, NWMN_0623, NWMN_0843, NWMN_0333, NWMN_0872 and NWMN_1269 were preferentially expressed in L-forms as compared with normal cell-walled form (P<0.05). The identified genes involved in L-form growth mapped in the pathways for energy production, iron homeostasis, transporters, DNA repair, membrane biogenesis, and biosynthesis. Our findings shed new insight into the molecular basis of S. aureus unstable L-form formation and may have implications for development of novel drugs targeting S. aureus L-forms for improved treatment.
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene in the presence of a novel trinitroxide (2010)

Abstract The bulk polymerizations of styrene were performed in the presence of a novel trinitroxide, 2,4,6-tri(4’-oxy-2’,2’,6’,6’-tetramethyl-1’-piperidinyloxy)-1,3,5- triazine (TTPT). Typical features of controlled polymerization were observed, such as the first-order kinetics, the molecular weights ( M n) linearly increased with the conversion, and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions ( M w / M n ). The 1H NMR was used to characterize the obtained polystyrene. The most of obtained polymers at 110 °C were the polymer with two-arm linear structure, not the expected three-arm structure, which was confirmed by the analysis of degradation of obtained polymer by ascorbic acid. A proposed polymerization route of styrene mediated by TTPT was also discussed.
Hair Straightening (2015)

Hair is straightened to improve manageability and provide style versatility. To straighten hair, an alteration of the cortex must occur. To achieve temporary straightening – a lower energy process – hydrogen bonds and salt linkages are altered while permanent straightening is achieved through the modification of covalent bonds, which requires more energy. Permanent hair straightening can be accomplished with ammonium thioglycolate, sulfites, and hydroxide. Hair straightening treatments are popular and can be used to achieve individually desired styles. However, care must be taken to decrease the chances of overprocessing that may occur when processes and chemical treatments are performed improperly. The future of straightening processes and treatments is only limited by science and technology. History shows that even though there have been major scientific advancements, the technology to straighten hair either temporarily or permanently still involves the use of heat with mechanical stress or chemical products. Over time, incremental improvements in thermal appliances and formulations for chemical treatments will continue to occur. Despite the advances, it will remain important to understand the advantages and disadvantages and proper techniques of each method based on personal style preference, hair type, and quality to reduce adverse effects.
In search of mutants for gene discovery and functional genomics for multiple stress tolerance in rice. (2021)

Mutation breeding is a commanding tool, which has been adapted to generate altered genetic material to study functional genomics, including understanding the molecular basis of stress tolerance. Hitherto, several rice lines have been generated through mutagenesis and the mutated genes responsible for the 'gain of function' in terms of plant architecture, stress tolerance, disease resistance and grain quality have been characterized. Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64 is a high-yielding rice cultivar but sensitive to abiotic stresses such as acute temperatures, salinity and drought. In this study, a population of rice IR64 mutants was generated using gamma irradiation. The population was then subjected to a preliminary phenotypic screening under abiotic stresses such as heat and salinity at the seedling stage. On the basis of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll measurements, we identified eight 'gain-of-function' mutant lines and used them for further biochemical and molecular characterization. Phenotyping results demonstrated that the identified mutant plants have gained the potential to thrive under heat and salinity conditions. This information would be of wide scientific interest and helpful for developing novel cultivars able to maintain yield in saline, hot and dry areas.
Configurationally locked retinoids: 13-cis-.delta.-lactones of 12-carboxyretinol and 12-(hydroxymethyl)retinoic acid (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConfigurationally locked retinoids: 13-cis-.delta.-lactones of 12-carboxyretinol and 12-(hydroxymethyl)retinoic acidAnita H. Lewin, Douglas H. Rector, Steven R. Parker, Mansukh C. Wani, and F. Ivy CarrollCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2, 222–227Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00150a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00150a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Darstellung und Reaktionen von 2‐Thio‐hexopyranosiden (1977)

Abstract Das allo ‐Epoxid 1 reagiert mit Natriumthiobenzoat oder Natriumbenzylmercaptid zu 2‐Benzoylthio‐ oder 2‐Benzylthio‐Verbindungen ( 5 bzw. 18 ) der altro ‐Konfiguration. Saure Hydrolysen der 2‐Thio‐altropyranoside führen bevorzugt zu 1,6‐Anhydro‐2‐thio‐altropyranosen ( 7, 22 ). Umsetzung der 2‐Thio‐altropyranoside mit Bromwasserstoff/Eisessig und anschließende Glycosidierung mit Alkoholen liefert 3‐Brom‐2‐thio‐glucopyranoside 11 . Die Reaktion verläuft über ein 2‐Thio‐glycal 8 , das einer Allylumlagerung zu 16 und Bromwasserstoffaddition zu 17 unterliegt. 3‐ O ‐Methylierte Verbindungen wie 33 sind zur Glycosidsynthese geeignet, da keine Allylumlagerung stattfinden kann.
Selective binding of phorbol esters and diacylglycerol by individual C1 domains of the PKD family (2008)

The PKD (protein kinase D) family are novel DAG (diacylglycerol) receptors. The twin C1 domains of PKD, designated C1a and C1b, have been shown to bind DAG or phorbol esters. However, their ligand-binding activities and selectivities have not been fully characterized. Here, binding activities of isolated C1a, C1b and intact C1a-C1b domains to DAG and phorbol esters were analysed. The isolated C1b domains of PKD isoforms bind [(3)H]PDBu ([20-(3)H]phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate) with similar high affinities, while they exhibit weaker affinities towards a synthetic DAG analogue, DOG (1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol), as compared to the control. Mutating a conserved lysine residue at position 22 to tryptophan in C1b of PKD3 fully restores its affinity to DOG, indicating that this residue accounts for its weaker affinity to DOG. In contrast, the non-consensus residues in the isolated C1a domain of PKD mainly contribute to maintaining the protein's structural fold, since converting these residues in C1a of PKD3 to those in PKD1 or PKD2 drastically reduces the maximal number of active receptors, while only minimally impacting ligand-binding activities. Moreover, ligand-binding activities of C1a and C1b are sensitive to the structural context in an intact C1a-C1b domain and exhibit unique patterns of ligand selectivity. C1a and C1b in the intact C1a-C1b of PKD1 are opposite in selectivity for PDBu and DOG. In contrast, C1a of PKD3 exhibits 48-fold higher affinity to DOG as compared to C1b, although both domains bind PDBu with equivalent affinities. Accordingly, mutating C1a of a full-length PKD3-GFP greatly reduces DOG-induced plasma membrane translocation, but does not affect that induced by PMA. In summary, individual C1 domains of PKD isoforms differ in ligand-binding activity and selectivity, implying isoform-selective regulation of PKD by phorbol esters and DAG.