gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) for Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy (2015)

Patients with a dGEMRIC index of ≥323 msec (less than one SD below the cohort mean) demonstrated significantly greater improvement in patient-reported outcome scores and the VAS for pain after hip arthroscopy.
Imaging of Preoperative Liver Transplantation in Adults: What Radiologists Should Know (2011)

Therapeutic strategies for treating patients with liver failure, particularly optimization of liver transplantation, are constantly being refined, with the goal of improving long-term survival with the lowest risk for toxicity in donors and recipients. Optimal planning for liver transplantation requires a multidisciplinary collaboration between the radiologist, hepatologist, clinical oncologist, and transplant surgeon. Radiologists play an essential role in identifying normal and abnormal variant anatomy and other conditions that may be present, a task that is critical for accurate surgical planning. Radiologists also must understand how their findings affect patient preparation. An awareness of the range of indications for liver transplantation, imaging modalities, and current surgical techniques is important to properly evaluate a patient who may undergo liver transplantation. Establishing a pretransplantation definition of the extent of liver disease and thoroughly evaluating the vascular and biliary anatomy are paramount for proper assessment of potential recipients and donors for liver transplantation.
Developing tiled projection display systems (2000)

Tiled displays are an emerging technology for constructing high-resolution semi-immersive visualization environments capable of presenting high-resolution images from scientific simulation [EVL, PowerWall]. In this way, they complement other technologies such as the CAVE [Cruz-Niera92] or ImmersaDesk, [Czernuszenko97], which by design give up pure resolution in favor of width of view and stereo. However, the largest impact may well be in using large-format tiled displays as one of possibly multiple displays in building information or active spaces that surround the user with diverse ways of interacting with data and multimedia information flows [IPSI, Childers00, Raskar98, ROME, Stanford, UNC]. These environments may prove to be the ultimate successor of the desktop metaphor for information technology work.
Searching Databases of Three‐Dimensional Structures (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Why Are Such Methods Needed? Tools for Searching Two-Dimensional Chemical Structures of Small Molecules Similarity of Small Molecules Based on Two-Dimensional Similarity of Small Molecules Based on Three-Dimensional Databases of Three-Dimensional Structures of Molecules Searching Files of Three-Dimensional Structures of Small Molecules Searching Files of Three-Dimensional Protein Structures Conclusions Appendix: Sources of Databases and Programs
Hand-Held Microneedle-Based Diagnostic Device. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Wavefront coding for detection and estimation with a single-lens incoherent optical system (2002)

We present a unique method of designing incoherent optical systems for detection and estimation tasks. Our approach is novel in that it physically consists of a phase mask placed at the lens of a standard incoherent optical system. This phase mask provides the ability to shift the phase of the incoming light at discrete regions at the lens. The use of this phase mask allows control of the optical transfer function (OTF) and impulse response, or point spread function (PSF), of the incoherent optical system. With the combination phase mask/incoherent optical system, and digital processing of resulting intermediate image, the overall detection and estimation performance of the system can be greatly enhanced. We describe three applications of this method. These are single-lens, single-image passive range estimation, high-resolution extended depth of field, and passive range detection.
Quaternary structure of hemoglobin in solution (2003)

Many important proteins perform their physiological functions under allosteric control, whereby the binding of a ligand at a specific site influences the binding affinity at a different site. Allosteric regulation usually involves a switch in protein conformation upon ligand binding. The energies of the corresponding structures are comparable, and, therefore, the possibility that a structure determined by x-ray diffraction in the crystalline state is influenced by its intermolecular contacts, and thus differs from the solution structure, cannot be excluded. Here, we demonstrate that the quaternary structure of tetrameric human normal adult carbonmonoxy-hemoglobin can readily be determined in solution at near-physiological conditions of pH, ionic strength, and temperature by NMR measurement of (15)N-(1)H residual dipolar couplings in weakly oriented samples. The structure is found to be a dynamic intermediate between two previously solved crystal structures, known as the R and R2 states. Exchange broadening at the subunit interface points to a rapid equilibrium between different structures that presumably include the crystallographically observed states.
Targeting granzyme B to tumor cells using a yoked human chorionic gonadotropin (2011)

These results validate LHR as a therapeutic target and indicate that delivery of the human pro-apoptotic enzyme GrB to tumor cells by yoked hCG has substantial selectivity and therapeutic potential for human tumors that express high levels of LHR such as ovarian carcinomas.
Optimal Carrier Frequency of Non-contact Vital Sign Detectors (2007)

Simulations were performed based on a model developed in ADS to demonstrate the effects of non-linear cosine transfer function in non-contact vital sign detection. Harmonics and intermodulation effects have been analyzed theoretically and demonstrated by simulation. It is shown that in contrast to the observation from simple linear approximation that detection sensitivity always increases with carrier frequency, there is an optimum carrier frequency for non-contact Doppler radar vital sign detection. For typical values of human chest wall movement, the simulation shows that the upper bound of the carrier frequency should be limited to the lower region of the Ka-band to improve detection accuracy
RANC: Reconfigurable Architecture for Neuromorphic Computing (2020)

Neuromorphic architectures have been introduced as platforms for energy-efficient spiking neural network execution. The massive parallelism offered by these architectures has also triggered interest from nonmachine learning application domains. In order to lift the barriers to entry for hardware designers and application developers, we present RANC: a reconfigurable architecture for neuromorphic computing, an opensource highly flexible ecosystem that enables rapid experimentation with neuromorphic architectures in both software via C++ simulation and hardware via FPGA emulation. We present the utility of the RANC ecosystem by showing its ability to recreate behavior of IBM’s TrueNorth and validate with a direct comparison to IBM’s Compass simulation environment and published literature. RANC allows optimizing architectures based on application insights as well as prototyping future neuromorphic architectures that can support new classes of applications entirely. We demonstrate the highly parameterized and configurable nature of RANC by studying the impact of architectural changes on improving application mapping efficiency with quantitative analysis based on Alveo U250 FPGA. We present post routing resource usage and throughput analysis across implementations of synthetic aperture radar classification and vector matrix multiplication applications, and demonstrate a neuromorphic architecture that scales to emulating 259K distinct neurons and 73.3M distinct synapses.
Time evolution of Foams made from Emulsions (2011)

Mixtures of foams and emulsions are found in many industrial products, where either they are purposefully created for reasons of function and texture or they are an unwanted side product due to the foaming of an emulsion during preparation or use. Interestingly, depending on the volume fractions of the components, type of surfactant and oil used emulsions can strongly increase the stability of foams or can act as anti-foams. Although some research has been conducted on emulsions as anti-foams[1], their use as stabilising agents for foaming has so far been much less explored[2]. In either case both the foam and the emulsion evolve with time, the bubble (drop) size increases and the fluids eventually phase separate. In mixtures the ageing of the emulsion will have an effect on the ageing of the foam and vice versa. We have studied a model foam-emulsion system using a single surfactant to stabilise both phases, thus changing from very unstable to long-lived foams. The time evolution of the systems has been followed using light scattering techniques, with particular emphasis on the highly stable foams. In such stable foams the emulsion droplets can get jammed inside the porous structure of the foam, thus making them interesting systems with which to study the effects of confinement on complex fluids.
Dosing Oncology Therapeutics in Combination Therapy for Renal Dysfunction: The University of California San Diego Study of Personalized Cancer Therapy to Determine Response and Toxicity (UCSD-PREDICT) Experience (2018)

Introduction Dose reductions are often required to avoid toxicity in combination therapy for advanced cancers, but information on appropriate dose reductions in renal dysfunction is lacking. This study assessed dose reductions of renally cleared oncology agents given in combination therapy in the setting of renal dysfunction. Methods A database of 1,072 patients was screened to identify patients with renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min) receiving oncology combination therapy with at least one agent requiring dose reduction for renal insufficiency. The dose of the renal agent was compared to the single-agent renal dosing recommendations to calculate a dose percentage. Tolerability was determined from electronic medical records review. Results Thirty-three regimens (n = 25 patients) were identified: 11 included at least one targeted agent (n = 8 patients) and 22 had only cytotoxic chemotherapy (n = 18 patients). The renal agent was given at the recommended single-agent renal dose in ~50% of combinations; ~50% of all regimens were tolerated, and only six combinations had dose reductions for toxicity. The median final dose percentage was 100% of the recommended renal dose (range: 25% - 333%); no significant differences were seen between groups (cytotoxic - tolerated, cytotoxic - not tolerated, targeted - tolerated, targeted - not tolerated; p = 0.38). No significant differences were observed between tolerated vs. non-tolerated (p = 0.97) or targeted vs. cytotoxic (p = 0.80) regimens. Conclusions Dose reductions of renally cleared agents are highly variable in oncology patients with renal dysfunction. Additional studies are needed to determine appropriate dosing adjustments in this population.
Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Dendritic Macromolecules (1996)

The fundamental requirements for the synthesis of dendrimers and hyperbranched macromolecules is examined. Examples of the divergent and convergent approaches are presented and a comparison of both methods with respect to each other and also the one-step procedure for hyperbranched macromolecules is made. The structural similarities and differences between dendrimers and hyperbranched macromolecules are described and the effect of this on the physical properties of these novel three-dimensional materials is discussed. Finally, a comparison of these materials with linear polymers is examined.
A micromechanical focusing device for artificial vision (2002)

The design, fabrication and measured characteristics of a bulk-micromachined focusing device are presented. A micro-bench is formed by 2 V-grooves which support an optical fiber and a micro-lens. A thermal actuator is integrated in the optical bench, and allows a micro-lens to be moved along the optical axis in order to adjust longitudinally its focusing spot. This device can be used for vision systems such as robotic vision or confocal microscopy. The focusing range can be adjusted between 50 mm and infinity with a 15 mA supply current.
Design and test strategy underlying a low-voltage analog-baseband IC for 802.11a/b/g WLAN SiP receivers (2006)

The proliferation of multiple WLANs and the continuous scaling of CMOS have created the need for low-voltage multistandard WLAN receivers. Instead of approaching a complicated SoC, a 3D-stack SiP appears as a promising alternative to meet those requirements in conjunction with the obvious goals of low power and low cost. This paper, focused on the SiP implementation of a WLAN receiver, presents the design and test strategies underlying its analog-baseband portion to accomplish: low-voltage operation; 802.11a/b/g compliance; high routability in 3D stacking; and net-response testability of the functional blocks.
Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy (1984)

Comprehensive information for the American aluminium industry Collective effort of 53 recognized experts on aluminium and aluminium alloys Joint venture by world renowned authorities-the Aluminium Association Inc. and American Society for Metals. The completely updated source of information on aluminium industry as a whole rather than its individual contributors. this book is an opportunity to gain from The knowledge of the experts working for prestigious companies such as Alcoa, Reynolds Metals Co., Alcan International Ltd., Kaiser Aluminium & Chemical Corp., Martin Marietta Laboratories and Anaconda Aluminium Co. It took four years of diligent work to complete this comprehensive successor to the classic volume, Aluminium, published by ASM in 1967. Contents: Properties of Pure Aluminum Constitution of Alloys Microstructure of Alloys Work Hardening Recovery, Recrystalization and Growth Metallurgy of Heat Treatment and General Principles of Precipitation Hardening Effects of Alloying Elements and Impurities on Properties Corrosion Behaviour Properties of Commercial Casting Alloys Properties of Commercial Wrought Alloys Aluminum Powder and Powder Metallurgy Products.
Image-Based 3D Face Modeling System (2005)

This paper describes an automatic system for 3D face modeling using frontal and profile images taken by an ordinary digital camera. The system consists of four subsystems including frontal feature detection, profile feature detection, shape deformation, and texture generation modules. The frontal and profile feature detection modules automatically extract the facial parts such as the eye, nose, mouth, and ear. The shape deformation module utilizes the detected features to deform the generic head mesh model such that the deformed model coincides with the detected features. A texture is created by combining the facial textures augmented from the input images and the synthesized texture and mapped onto the deformed generic head model. This paper provides a practical system for 3D face modeling, which is highly automated by aggregating, customizing, and optimizing a bunch of individual computer vision algorithms. The experimental results show a highly automated process of modeling, which is sufficiently robust to various imaging conditions. The whole model creation including all the optional manual corrections takes only 2 3 minutes.
(CsX)Cu5O2(PO4)2 (X = Cl, Br, I): A Family of Cu2+ S = 1/2 Compounds with Capped-Kagomé Networks Composed of OCu4 Units (2019)

Three new salt inclusion compounds (Cs X)Cu<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> ( X = Cl, Br, I), phosphate analogues of the kagomé mineral averievite, are reported. Their crystal structures are composed of trigonal networks of corner-sharing OCu<sub>4</sub> anion-centered tetrahedra, forming capped-kagomé planes, which can also be regarded as two-dimensional slices along the [111] direction of a pyrochlore lattice. Magnetization and heat capacity measurements reveal strong geometric frustration of this network and complex magnetic behavior. X-ray and neutron diffraction studies show that all three compounds undergo a trigonal-to-monoclinic phase transition upon cooling, with a first-order phase transition seen in CsBr and CsI analogues. Along with the previously reported (CsCl)Cu<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, these three new compounds belong to a large family of OCu<sub>4</sub>-based networks, which are a playground for studying frustrated quantum magnetism.
In vivo confocal microscopy of multiple myeloma associated crystalline keratopathy (2017)

An 81-year-old Japanese woman, who had been diagnosed 5 years previously with smoldering multiple myeloma, was referred to the ophthalmology department for blurry vision. She reported the visual change when new clinical symptoms associated with anemia and light chain deposition disease of the kidney were being evaluated. Serum IgG protein was 40.6 g/L. Bone-marrow biopsy demonstrated 21.8% involvement of myeloma cells. She had stage II disease according to the International Staging System. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/16 in both eyes. Examination with slit-lamp (Figure 1, upper left image) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Figure 1, upper right image) revealed small, white, crystalline deposits in both eyes throughout all layers of the cornea including the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. In vivo confocal microscopy (Figure 1, bottom image) showed intracellular hyperreflective deposits in the epithelium, rod-like hyperreflective deposits in the stroma and hyperreflective deposits in the endothelium of both eyes. Crystalline keratopathy is reported to be observed in <1% of patients with multiple myeloma.1 It is thought that the crystals form due to immunoglobulin light chain deposition within the cornea, and originate from the tear film.2 Deposits can have various manifestations in the corneal epithelium and anterior stroma, but are rarely seen as deep as the endothelial layer.3 Our case highlights the possible formation of corneal crystalline deposits in the endothelial layer secondary to multiple myeloma and is consistent with recent findings which have also used in vivo confocal microscopy to demonstrate hyperreflective endothelial cells in a patient with multiple myeloma.4 In vivo confocal microscopy is capable of showing the nature and depth of corneal crystalline deposits in each corneal layer at the cellular level. Pathologic evaluation of corneal tissue using in vivo confocal microscopy can be invaluable in documenting immunoglobulin light chain deposits and in guiding systemic evaluation. Further investigation of endothelial involvement using in vivo confocal microscopy in a greater number of patients will contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma associated crystalline deposits. Slit-lamp examination showing corneal crystalline deposits (Upper left). Optical coherence tomography of the cornea shows small, white deposits throughout all layers of the cornea (Upper right). In vivo confocal microscopy is able to visualize crystalline deposits in each layer of the cornea: Intracellular hyperreflecctive deposits in the epithelium, rod-like hyperreflective deposits in the stroma and hyperreflective deposits in the endothelium were observed (Bottom). All authors contributed to patient management and writing of the report. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Substrate and Inhibitor Specificity of Interleukin-1β-converting Enzyme and Related Caspases (1997)

Interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) is a novel cysteine protease responsible for the cleavage of pre-interleukin-1beta (pre-IL-1beta) to the mature cytokine and a member of a family of related proteases (the caspases) that includes the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene product, CED-3. In addition to their sequence homology, these cysteine proteases display an unusual substrate specificity for peptidyl sequences with a P1 aspartate residue. We have examined the kinetics of processing pre-IL-1beta to the mature form by ICE and three of its homologs, TX, CPP-32, and CMH-1. Of the ICE homologs, only TX processes pre-IL-1beta, albeit with a catalytic efficiency 250-fold less than ICE itself. We also investigated the ability of these four proteases to process poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a DNA repair enzyme that is cleaved within minutes of the onset of apoptosis. Every caspase examined cleaves PARP, with catalytic efficiencies ranging from 2.3 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 for CPP32 to 1.0 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 for TX. In addition, we report kinetic constants for several reversible inhibitors and irreversible inactivators, which have been used to implicate one or more caspases in the apoptotic proteolysis cascade. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp aldehyde (DEVD-CHO) is a potent inhibitor of CPP-32 with a Ki value of 0.5 nM, but is also potent as inhibitor of CMH-1 (Ki = 35 nM) and ICE (Ki = 15 nM). The x-ray crystal structure of DEVD-CHO complexed to ICE presented here reveals electrostatic interactions not present in the Ac-YVAD-CHO co-complex structure (Wilson, K. P., Black, J.-A. F., Thomson, J. A., Kim, E. E., Griffith, J. P., Navia, M. A., Murcko, M. A., Chambers, S. P., Aldape, R. A., Raybuck, S. A., and Livingston, D. J. (1994) Nature 370, 270-275), accounting for the surprising potency of this inhibitor against ICE.
Leukotriene B/sub 4/ modulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phospholipid (PL) methylation (1986)

Formation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is required for transduction of chemotactic factor messages in phagocytic cells, including the development of a motile configuration and release of arachidonic acid (AA) from PL. The authors examined PL methylation in human peripheral blood PMN following stimulation by leukotriene B/sub 4/ (LTB/sub 4/), a potent chemotactic lipid metabolite of AA that is produced by human PMN. (/sup 3/H)-methionine, in the presence or absence of LTB/sub 4/, was added directly to the cells without a preloading period. (/sup 3/H)-methyl mono- and di-methylated PE, PC and lyso PC were separated by thin layer chromatography. PL methylation in human PMN is dependent on time of incubation, LTB/sub 4/ concentration and methionine concentration. The optimal LTB/sub 4/ concentration is 10/sup -7/ M, the same concentration that induces a maximal chemotactic response in PMN. At early time points (2-10 min), formation of methylated PL is enhanced following LTB/sub 4/ stimulation. In contrast, at later time points (20-60 min), methylated PL synthesis in LTB/sub 4/ treated cells is depressed or the same as control cells. Synthesis of PC by the choline transferase pathway is not affected by LTB/sub 4/ stimulation. This data shows that, at earlymore » time points following LTB/sub 4/ stimulation, PL methylation is enhanced. This correlates with other reports of calcium mobilization and chemotaxis in PMN at early time points following LTB/sub 4/ stimulation.« less
Ruthenium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl mesitylene dimer: a sublimable n-dopant and electron buffer layer for efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells (2019)

We report the use of a sublimable ruthenium dimer as a n-dopant or interlayer to ensure efficient electron extraction in vacuum-deposited perovskite solar cells.