gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software testing of the behavioral aspects of objects (2003)

Considerable work has previously been done on testing the static aspects of object-oriented systems. This includes both unit testing of individual objects as well as integration testing, which tests whether the static relationships between objects (such as inheritance and aggregation) have been properly implemented. Little work has been done on testing the dynamic aspects beyond testing individual methods. Important issues such as message sequencing, the execution order of methods and inter-object dynamics have not been adequately addressed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a method of software testing the dynamics of these object-oriented systems.
Evolution of alpha-lactalbumins. The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha-lactalbumin from a marsupial (Macropus rufogriseus) and corrections to regions of sequence in bovine and goat alpha-lactalbumins. (1984)

alpha-Lactalbumin was purified from a whey protein fraction of the milk of the red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus). The complete amino acid sequence was determined from the results of automatic sequenator analyses of the intact protein, the three cyanogen bromide fragments, and of peptides generated from the larger, COOH-terminal CNBr fragment by digestion with trypsin or staphylococcal protease. This is the first sequence to be determined of an alpha-lactalbumin from a marsupial and differs from known eutherian alpha-lactalbumins in size and locations of deletions in alignments with the homologous type c lysozymes, as well as in having amino acid substitutions at 8 sites that are invariant in known eutherian proteins. Some corrections are also reported for two regions of sequence in both bovine and goat alpha-lactalbumins. The new and previously published information on alpha-lactalbumin sequences is analyzed in relation to the evolutionary history of the alpha-lactalbumin line as well as the relationship of structure to function in these proteins.
Angular dependence of 2H NMR relaxation rates in lipid bilayers (1988)

The angular dependences of 2H Zeeman (T1Z) and quadrupolar (T1Q) relaxation times have been used to assess the relative contribution of order director fluctuations (ODF) to the spin-lattice relaxation rate of saturated phospholipid acyl chains. In order to circumvent orientational averaging due to the effects of rapid lateral diffusion [Brown and Davis, Chem. Phys. Lett. 79, 431 (1981)], relaxation measurements were performed on macroscopically oriented multibilayers of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). 2H T−11Z values of both DMPC abd DPPC in the liquid crystalline (Lα) phase are relatively insensitive to the orientation of the bilayer normals with respect to the magnetic field. From a comparison of the observed angular dependences of both spin-lattice relaxation rates with those predicted if ODF were the only relaxation mechanism, we conclude that although ODF cannot be ruled out as a relaxation mechanism, they do not provide the dominant relaxation pathway in the MHz regime, as previously suggested [Brown, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 1576 (1982)]. While the frequency dispersion of relaxation rates may in principle provide a critical test for models of molecular dynamics in these systems, the angular dependence of 2H spin-lattice relaxation rates can provide a useful alternative test, particularly when the 2H relaxation time data cover less than a decade of Larmor frequencies.
[Homocysteine, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk: pathomechanisms and therapeutic options]. (2001)

Elevated homocyst(e)ine plasma concentrations are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia is common in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, carotid artery stenosis and venous thromboembolism. Endothelial dysfunction may be one underlying cause leading to proatherogenic effects associated with hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia. However, the mechanisms which lead to impaired endothelial function in hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that homocyst(e)ine may interact with physiological mediators of the endothelial matrix. Oxidative mechanisms and decreased biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) may also contribute to homocyst(e)ine-associated endothelial dysfunction. B vitamins are essential cofactors in the metabolism of homocyst(e)ine to methionine via the remethylation-pathway (vitamin B12, folic acid) and to cystathionine via the transsulphuration-pathway (vitamin B6). Dietary deficiencies of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 appear to be common among elderly people in the western world and represent one pathogenic factor related to the incidence of hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia. Several studies have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with folic acid and the vitamins B12 and B6 is an efficient means to decrease plasma homocyst(e)ine. No clinical studies are available to date to prove whether reducing homocyst(e)ine levels to the normal range by supplementary B vitamins will also beneficially affect vascular function or cardiovascular risk. Furthermore it is unknown whether moderately elevated homocyst(e)ine concentrations per se may predispose to development of vascular disease, or whether homocyst(e)ine is an indirect marker of cardiovascular disease. Further investigations will be necessary to elucidate the causal relationship between elevated homocyst(e)ine plasma concentrations and the incidence of cardiovascular events, especially since the therapeutic strategies in hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia would differ depending on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Electronic commerce universal access device-the knowledge-acquiring layered infrastructure (KALI) project (2000)

article Electronic commerce universal access device-the knowledge-acquiring layered infrastructure (KALI) project Share on Authors: Theodore Chiasson View Profile , Carrie Gates View Profile Authors Info & Claims XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for StudentsVolume 7Issue 1September 2000 pp 28–32https://doi.org/10.1145/351092.351100Online:01 September 2000Publication History 2citation153DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads153Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Accelerating spatial range queries (2013)

It is increasingly common for domain scientists to use computational tools to build and simulate spatial models of the phenomena they are studying. The spatial models they build are more and more detailed as well as dense and are consequently difficult to manage with today's tools. A crucial problem when analyzing spatial models of increasing detail is the scalable execution of range queries. State-of-the-art approaches like the R-Tree perform suboptimally on today's models and do not scale for more dense, future models. The problem is that the amount of overlap in the tree structure increases as a function of the level of detail/density in the model.
Bridging the gap: Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants (1999)

Two new seismic amplitude with offset (AVO) equations have been derived. These equations express the change in AVO in terms of the fundamental elastic rock properties of either Bulk Modulus or Lame's Modulus with Sheaz Modulus and Density. The AVO results derived from these equations are found to compare well to the results of existing equations in theory and for synthetic and real data.
Fission fragment irradiation of single crystal monoclinic ZrO2 (1978)

Abstract The monoclinic → cubic transformation in ZrO2, induced by fission-fragment irradiation, has been studied in single crystals. The transformed regions are partly coherent with the monoclinic matrix, as revealed by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The transformation would seem to be due to stabilization of cubic zirconia with anion vacancies, produced by atomic collisions at the end of the fission fragment trajectory, rather than a “thermal spike” mechanism.
Partial purification and characterization of low molecular weight antigens of Salmonella enteritidis 11RX (1990)

Sephadex G100 chromatography and preparative sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using 16% polyacrylamide gels were used for the partial purification of 16-18 kDa proteins able to stimulate Salmonella enteritidis 11RX-primed T cells of (BALB/c x C57BL/6J)F1 mice. A soluble antigen (Ag) extract of S. enteritidis 11RX (s11RX) was used as the starting material for purification for two reasons. First, s11RX had been previously shown to induce in vitro proliferation of Salmonella-primed T cells; second, initial analysis of SDS-PAGE fractionated s11RX Ag using the 'T cell western blot' technique indicated that T cell stimulatory activity was located only in the 16-18 kDa region. The partially purified antigens were able to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in vivo, and stimulated in vitro proliferation and interleukin-2 release from 11RX-primed T cells and T cell lines and clones derived from these cells, indicating that they are major antigenic determinants of S. enteritidis 11RX. Testing of 16-18 kDa proteins of several other bacteria indicated that these antigens may be 'common' and expressed by a number of organisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae.
Aqueous synthesized near-infrared-emitting quantum dots for RGD-basedin vivoactive tumour targeting (2013)

Over the past two decades, fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been highly attractive for a myriad of bioapplications due to their unique optical properties. For bioimaging applications, QD-based in vivo specific tumour targeting is vitally important in the biological and biomedical fields. Aqueous synthesized QDs (aqQDs) exhibit excellent aqueous dispersibility without requiring any post-treatment and have small hydrodynamic diameters (generally <5 nm), which are highly useful for bioimaging applications. We herein present the first example of in vivo active tumour targeting using water-dispersed near-infrared-emitting aqQDs modified with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides. In vitro and in vivo studies (e.g., tumour cell labelling, histological analysis, and active tumour targeting) demonstrate that the prepared RGD-decorated aqQDs exhibit highly bio-specific properties, enabling sensitive and specific targeting of tumour sites in both cells and living animals. Our results suggest that the new class of RGD-decorated aqQDs are highly promising as fluorescent bioprobes for a wide range of biological applications.
Relationships, Sexuality, and Intimacy in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2013)

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and sexuality, as there is a paucity of this information in the literature. Specific attention is giv‐ en to sexuality involving the self, others, and interpersonal relationships. Problematic sexual behaviors, legal concerns, and sexual abuse (including victimization and perpetration) are also discussed. Finally, intervention strategies for ASD children, adults, and families are addressed. The overall aim of this chapter is to highlight major themes regarding Autism Spectrum Disor‐ ders and sexuality while contributing to the existing literature.
Effect of thione primers on adhesive bonding between an indirect composite material and Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy (2014)

The current study evaluated the effect of primers on the shear bond strength of an indirect composite material joined to a silverpalladium-copper-gold (Ag-Pd-Cu-Au) alloy (Castwell). Disk specimens were cast from the alloy and were air-abraded with alumina. Eight metal primers were applied to the alloy surface. A light-polymerized indirect composite material (Solidex) was bonded to the alloy. Shear bond strength was determined both before and after the application of thermocycling. Two groups primed with Metaltite (thione) and M. L. Primer (sulfide) showed the greatest post-thermocycling bond strength (8.8 and 6.5 MPa). The results of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis suggested that the thione monomer (MTU-6) in the Metaltite primer was strongly adsorbed onto the Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy surface even after repeated cleaning with acetone. The application of either the thione (MTU-6) or sulfide primer is effective for enhancing the bonding between a composite material and Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy.
Protoglobin‐Catalyzed Formation of cis‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Carbene Transfer (2022)

Abstract Trifluoromethyl‐substituted cyclopropanes (CF 3 ‐CPAs) constitute an important class of compounds for drug discovery. While several methods have been developed for synthesis of trans ‐CF 3 ‐CPAs, stereoselective production of corresponding cis ‐diastereomers remains a formidable challenge. We report a biocatalyst for diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective synthesis of cis ‐CF 3 ‐CPAs with activity on a variety of alkenes. We found that an engineered protoglobin from Aeropyrnum pernix ( Ape Pgb) can catalyze this unusual reaction at preparative scale with low‐to‐excellent yield (6–55 %) and enantioselectivity (17–99 % ee), depending on the substrate. Computational studies revealed that the steric environment in the active site of the protoglobin forced iron‐carbenoid and substrates to adopt a pro‐ cis near‐attack conformation. This work demonstrates the capability of enzyme catalysts to tackle challenging chemistry problems and provides a powerful means to expand the structural diversity of CF 3 ‐CPAs for drug discovery.
Abstract: Standard 3-D Salt and Overthrust Seismic Models&nbsp; (1997)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Two-step random phase retrieval approach based on Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization and Lissajous ellipse fitting method (2019)

To overcome the phase shift error in phase shifting interferometry, a two-step random phase retrieval approach based on Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthonormalization and Lissajous ellipse fitting (LEF) method (GS&LEF) is proposed. It doesn't need pre-filtering, and can obtain relatively accurate phase distribution with only two phase shifted interferograms and less computational time. It is suitable for different background intensity, modulation amplitude distributions and noises. Last but not least, this method is effective for circular, straight or complex fringes. The simulations and experiments verify the correctness and feasibility of GS&LEF.
Determination of cable parameters in skeletal muscle fibres during repetitive firing of action potentials (2014)

Recent studies in rat muscle fibres show that repetitive firing of action potentials causes changes in fibre resting membrane conductance (Gm) that reflect regulation of ClC-1 Cl(-) and KATP K(+) ion channels. Methodologically, these findings were obtained by inserting two microelectrodes at close proximity in the same fibres enabling measurements of fibre input resistance (Rin) in between action potential trains. Since the fibre length constant (λ) could not be determined, however, the calculation of Gm relied on the assumptions that the specific cytosolic resistivity (Ri) and muscle fibre volume remained constant during the repeated action potential firing. Here we present a three-microelectrode technique that enables determinations of multiple cable parameters in action potential-firing fibres including Rin and λ as well as waveform and conduction velocities of fully propagating action potentials. It is shown that in both rat and mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) fibres, action potential firing leads to substantial changes in both muscle fibre volume and Ri. The analysis also showed, however, that regardless of these changes, rat and mouse EDL fibres both exhibited initial decreases in Gm that were eventually followed by a ∼3-fold, fully reversible increase in Gm after the firing of 1450-1800 action potentials. Using this three-electrode method we further show that the latter rise in Gm was closely associated with excitation failures and loss of action potential signal above -20 mV.
Modeling Acoustic Fields Induced by the Flow Noise in the Near-Wellbore Zone (2020)

We consider modeling wellbore acoustic fields induced by the flow noise in the zone of the formation inflow. The influence of the reservoir’s properties, geometry, and phase composition of the fluid on the acoustic field in the wellbore is investigated. Using numerical modeling, we showed that these factors significantly influence the spatial-frequency pattern of the spectrum, and certain frequencies of the spectrum are strongly amplified. We present the modelling results for various examples of reservoirs with oil and gas wells.
<title>Precision tracking based on segmentation with optimal layering for imaging sensors</title> (1993)

In our previous work we presented a method for precision tracking of a low observable target based on data obtained from imaging sensors. The image was divided into several layers of gray level intensities and thresholded. A binary image was obtained and grouped into clusters using image segmentation techniques. Using the centroid measurements of the clusters, the Probabilistic Data Association Filter (PDAF) was employed for tracking the centroid of the target. In this paper, the division of the image into several layers of gray level intensities is optimized by minimizing the Bayes risk. This optimal layering of the image has the following properties: (a) following the segmentation, a closed-form analytical expression is obtained for the single frame based centroid measurement noise variance; (b) in comparison to the measurement noise variance is smaller by at least a factor of 2, thus improving the performance of the tracker. The simulation results presented validate both the expression for the measurement noise variance as well as the performance predictions of the proposed tracking method.
Optimisation of rebetatising time and temperature for lowering martensitic transformation temperature in Cu- Zn-4% A1 shape memory alloy (1997)

Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy (SMA) is a new class of smart engineering materials which can be incorporated in varieties of heat sensitive devices. Its martensitic transformation temperature is very sensitive to alloy composition which can be raised to some extent by incorporating a bias spring or by dezincification. However, lowering this temperature, once obtained, poses problems. The present paper reports that martensitic transformation temperature could also be lowered to some extent (∼ 20°C) without much adverse effect on the shape memory response in Cu-Zn-Al (4 wt% Al) shape memory alloys, by rebetatising the material at lower temperature.
Intraarticular bupivacaine (Marcaine) after arthroscopic meniscectomy: A randomized double‐blind controlled study (1989)

In this study, 79 patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy were entered into a randomized double-blind controlled trial in which intraarticular bupivacaine (Marcaine), was compared with a saline placebo. Intraarticular bupivacaine was shown to be an effective and safe method of achieving analgesia after arthroscopic meniscectomy.
Structure, Receptor Binding, and Antigenicity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins from the 1957 H2N2 Pandemic (2009)

The hemagglutinin (HA) envelope protein of influenza viruses mediates essential viral functions, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, and is the major viral antigen for antibody neutralization. The 1957 H2N2 subtype (Asian flu) was one of the three great influenza pandemics of the last century and caused 1 million deaths globally from 1957 to 1968. Three crystal structures of 1957 H2 HAs have been determined at 1.60 to 1.75 A resolutions to investigate the structural basis for their antigenicity and evolution from avian to human binding specificity that contributed to its introduction into the human population. These structures, which represent the highest resolutions yet recorded for a complete ectodomain of a glycosylated viral surface antigen, along with the results of glycan microarray binding analysis, suggest that a hydrophobicity switch at residue 226 and elongation of receptor-binding sites were both critical for avian H2 HA to acquire human receptor specificity. H2 influenza viruses continue to circulate in birds and pigs and, therefore, remain a substantial threat for transmission to humans. The H2 HA structure also reveals a highly conserved epitope that could be harnessed in the design of a broader and more universal influenza A virus vaccine.
Coupled-wave model for triangular-lattice photonic crystal with transverse electric polarization (2008)

We present a coupled-wave model for a triangular-lattice two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) with a transverse electric (TE) polarization and derive a set of coupled-wave equations. We use these equations to obtain analytic expressions that describe the relations between the resonant mode frequencies and the coupling constants. We calculate the resonant mode frequencies for a PC composed of circular holes. These agree well with the frequencies calculated using the 2D plane wave expansion method. We also evaluate the coupling constants of fabricated samples using their measured resonant mode frequencies. Our analytic expressions allow the design and evaluation of feedback strength in triangular-lattice 2D PC cavities.
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Are Leading the Way to Combat Oropathogenic Infections (2021)

Oral dental infections are one of the most common diseases affecting humans, with caries and periodontal disease having the highest incidence. Caries and periodontal disease arise from infections caused by oral bacterial pathogens. Current misuse and overuse of antibiotic treatments have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, recent studies have shown that cationic antimicrobial peptides are a promising family of antibacterial agents that are active against oral pathogenic bacteria and also possess less propensity for development of antimicrobial resistance. This timely Review has a focus on two primary subjects: (i) the oral bacterial pathogens associated with dental infections and (ii) the current development of antimicrobial peptides targeting oral pathogens.