gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A methodology for detection and classification of some underwater acoustic signals using time-frequency analysis techniques (1990)

Signal detection techniques based on time-frequency signal analysis with the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) and the cross Wigner-Ville distribution (XWVD) are presented. These techniques are shown to provide high-resolution signal characterization in a time-frequency space, and good noise rejection performance. This type of detection is applied to the signaturing, detection, and classification of specific machine sounds: the individual cylinder firings of a marine engine. For this task, a four-step procedure has been devised. The autocorrelation function (ACF) is first used to ascertain the number of engine cylinders and the firing rate of the engine. Further correlation techniques are then used to detect the time at which individual cylinder firing events occur. WVD- and XWVD-based analyses follow to procedure high-resolution time-frequency signatures. Finally, two-dimensional correlations are used for the classification of the individual cylinders. The proposed methodology is tested on real data. XWVD-based detection is also applied to detection of a transient with unknown waveshape (using real data).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis dictates H/sub 2/ purification process (1984)

The selection and optimization of offgas hydrogen purification processes are becoming increasingly important as the demand for hydrogen grows, particularly in refining operations. A number of different industries are using hydrogen today. Large users of hydrogen, 83% of the total consumption, are in refinery operations and ammonia synthesis. Small users of hydrogen, 17% of the total consumption, are in methanol synthesis, production of other chemicals, and other small users. These small user industries include chemical synthesis, metallurgical processing, reducing blanketing, semi-conductor and electric component manufacturing, and vegetable oil hydrogenation. The total hydrogen usage for 1981 is estimated to be 7 billion scfd. Where hydrogen-containing off-gas streams are available, off-gas purification can be an economical method for hydrogen production depending on the processing and subsequent transportation costs. A thorough knowledge of the technology, cost, commercial, and operating aspects of off-gas purification is needed to make the best choice of available processes for a given situation. Selection of an optimal system involves substantial analysis and an understanding of the non-process-related influences.
Solar EUV/FUV line polarimetry: instruments and methods (1991)

In this paper we describe new EUV/FUV (100 A < ) < 1500 A) polarimeter instrument concepts for solar research. These instruments are designed to observe linear polarization in EUV/FUV spectral lines originating in the outer solar atmosphere. Specifically: ( i) a new coronagraph/polarimeter operating at 1215.6 A (neutral hydrogen Lyman a), which could observe this line in the near solar corona and lead to the first direct measurements ofboth strength and direction of coronal magnetic fields; (ii) a new multilayer EUV imaging polarimeter, operating at the wavelengths of strong helium emission lines (e.g., 304 A, 584 A), which could observe impact polarization phenomena and provide information concerning the relative im'portance of thermal and non-thermal processes in solar flares. The emission mechanisms we will address with these instruments include resonance scattering and impact polarization. Resonance scattering of chromospheric radiation anisotropically illuminating the emitting atoms in the corona can produce up to 20% linear polarization in FUV coronal lines. Modifications, via the Hanle effect, of this polarization would result from the presence of a magnetic field. In the EUV, detectable polarization may be produced by impact polarization, which results from anisotropic collisional excitation of the emitting atoms by particles (electrons, protons) with non-Maxwellian velocity distributions produced during flares. These coronagraph/polarimeter instruments employ all-reflective optical systems utilizing ultra-smooth, low-scatter normal incidence mirrors and reflective polarization analyzers comprised of advanced flowpolished substrates with state-of-the-art thin film FUV interference and EUV multilayer coatings. The reflecting polarization analyzers operate at the Brewster angle. We discuss several instrument configurations and provide theoretical calculations and performance predictions for coronagraph/polarimeter instruments utilizing an optical design similar to the Ritchey-Chrétien EUV/FUV telescopes currently being developed for flight on the Stanford/MSFC/LLNL Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA).
Oliceridine, a Novel G Protein–Biased Ligand at the μ‐Opioid Receptor, Demonstrates a Predictable Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations and Pain Relief. II: Simulation of Potential Phase 3 Study Designs Using a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model (2018)

Oliceridine is a novel G protein-biased ligand at the μ-opioid receptor that differentially activates G protein coupling while mitigating β-arrestin recruitment. Unlike morphine, oliceridine has no known active metabolites; therefore, analgesic efficacy is predictably linked to its concentration in the plasma. Oliceridine is primarily hepatically metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model relating oliceridine plasma concentrations to its effect on pain intensity as measured by numeric pain-rating scale (NPRS) scores, we have simulated potential dosing regimens using both fixed-dose regimens and as-needed (prn) dosing regimens in which various doses of oliceridine were administered if NPRS scores indicated moderate to severe pain (≥4 on a 0-10 scale). In addition, regimens in which oliceridine was self-administered via a patient-controlled analgesia device were also simulated. The simulated population included 10% CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PM). The simulation results suggest that oliceridine doses of 1-3 mg prn should be effective in reducing NPRS scores relative to placebo. The simulations also revealed that a 1-mg "supplemental dose" given 0.25 hour after the loading dose would decrease NPRS scores further in almost one-third of patients. In addition, if oliceridine is administered prn, a longer interval between doses is observed in simulated PM patients, consistent with their reduced oliceridine clearance. Because this longer average dosing interval is predicted to decrease oliceridine exposure in PM patients, the need to know the patient's CYP2D6 genotype for dosing is effectively obviated.
[Comparison of methods of storing lactic acid bacteria]. (2000)

The study was undertaken to elucidate how different methods of storage (immersing in mineral oil, lyophilization, and subculturing) of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus affect their viability, antibiotic activity, and ability to accumulate organic acids. Storage of the lactic acid bacterium L. lactis subsp. lactis by immersion in mineral oil proved to be ineffective. Lyophilization allowed the survival of a sufficiently large number of cells, although their antibiotic activity somewhat decreased. The resuscitation of lyophilized bacteria by subculturing them in rich nutrient media, such as skim milk, led to the restoration of their physiological activity, including the effective antimicrobial spectrum.
Chromatic Dispersion Effects on Infrared Single-mode All-fibre Optic Double Fourier Interferometric Imaging (1994)

Abstract In an infrared (IR) single-mode fibre-linked optical telescope array, not only the spatial but also the spectral resolution of a star can be simultaneously obtained as long as the fibre arms are stretched to generate the optical path difference (OPD) modulation. This imaging technique is called IR single-mode (SM) all-fibre optic (AFO) double Fourier interferometry (DFI). The fibre-stretching operation will inevitably introduce a chromatic dispersion problem and make the OPD wavelength dependent. In this paper, a point source response expression for the IR SM AFO DFI is first established. Accordingly, the recovered mutual spectral density (MSD) is deduced. One of the dispersion effects on MSD is a wavenumber shift; this and other effects on MSD are discussed. Then, we establish the final map expression for a point source and discuss the dispersion effects on it. One of these effects is a shift of the image position. Finally, we discuss the effects of the first-order approximation of the OPD. To reduce these effects, a method of dividing the whole spectral band into subbands is pointed out and discussed.
An alternative design for multichannel and multiple listener room acoustic equalization (2005)

Room acoustic equalization in a multichannel and multiple listener environments, has been studied extensively and involves designing an equalization filter, separate or independent for each channel, by analyzing the speaker-room responses at multiple positions for each specific channel. Existing approaches do not consider the combined effects of the sound field generated by multiple speakers in the multichannel setup, despite the signals being simultaneously transmitted from individual channels (e.g., stereo or multichannel 5.1 signals). In this paper, we present an alternative approach for designing multichannel and multiple listener equalization filters through a joint-optimization process that involves analysis of the combined sound fields from a multichannel system. We consider two cases, one where the number of listeners are equal to the number of channels and another where the numbers of listeners are more than the number of channels. We also compare the results from the proposed approach to the industry standard root-mean-square (RMS) averaging approach that generates a filter that is independent for each channel.
R. Bruce Merrifield and Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Historical Assessment (2007)

Bruce Merrifield, trained as a biochemist, had to address three major challenges related to the development and acceptance of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The challenges were (1) to reduce the concept of peptide synthesis on a insoluble support to practice, (2) overcome the resistance of synthetic chemists to this novel approach, and (3) establish that a biochemist had the scientific credentials to effect the proposed revolutionary change in chemical synthesis. How these challenges were met is discussed in this article.
Special Edition Using Macromedia Flash MX (2002)

From the Publisher:
Que crafted this book to grow with you, providing the reference material you need as you move toward Flash proficiency and use of more advanced features. If you only buy one book on Flash MX, Special Edition Using Flash MX is the only book you need!
ETV5 transcription factor is upregulated in ovarian cancer and contributes to ovarian tumor progression and dissemination (2011)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the Western world. ETS transcription factors are known to act as positive or negative regulators of the expression of genes that are involved in various biological processes, including those that control cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and transformation. ETV5 belongs to the PEA3 subfamily. PEA3 subfamily members are able to activate the transcription of proteases, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases, which is central to both tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Here, we examined the role of the ETV5 transcription factor in epithelial ovarian cancer and we found ETV5 was upregulated in ovarian tumor samples compared to ovarian tissue controls. The in vitro inhibition of ETV5 decreased cell proliferation in serum-deprived conditions, induced EMT and cell migration and decreased cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. ETV5 inhibition also decreased cell–cell adhesion and induced apoptosis in anchorage-independent conditions. Accordingly, upregulation of ETV5 induced the expression of cell adhesion molecules and enhanced cell survival in a spheroid model. Our findings suggest that the overexpression of ETV5 detected in ovarian cancer cells may contribute to ovarian tumor progression through the ability of ETV5 to enhance proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, upregulation of ETV5 would play a role in ovarian cancer cell dissemination and metastasis into the peritoneal cavity by protecting ovarian cancer cells from apoptosis and by increasing the adhesion of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneal wall through the regulation of cell adhesion molecules.
Bioinspired polydopamine-sheathed carbon nanotubes as environmentally safe, efficient, and durable adsorbents for organic pollutant capturing via hydrogen bonding (2023)

While the potential nanotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials likely renders them unsafe for environmental purification applications, it is still a daunting challenge to clarify the specific driving force for water pollutant capturing. We here employ the well-documented, mussel-inspired, environmentally safe, and biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) to modify the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are typical carbon nanomaterials with potential toxicity. The PDA modification extents are finely tuned by adjusting the dopamine-to-CNT ratio, and the optimized modification is achieved in terms of the homogenous formation of the PDA sheath on the CNT surface (corresponding to the 0.4 PC sample). While a limited modification likely causes the surface of bare CNTs to be insufficiently covered by PDA, the excessive modification lowers the adsorption capacity per unit mass of adsorbent. The homogenous modification with PDA bearing different kinds of adsorption sites at the atomic scale makes the isothermal adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) suitable to be described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity estimated to be 266.7 mg/g. Besides, the 0.4 PC-based adsorption of RhB is dictated by chemisorption and verified to be a spontaneous, endothermic, entropy-gaining, anti-interference (against common metal cations in tap water), and repeatable process. Importantly, we disclose that hydrogen bonding is the pivotal driving force in the 0.4 PC-based adsorption process, thus enabling 0.4 PC to capture methyl orange (MO) bearing a charge state opposite to RhB, with equilibrium adsorption capacities calculated to be 135 and 159 mg/g for MO and RhB, respectively.
Combination of Antioxidant Enzyme Overexpression and N‐Acetylcysteine Treatment Enhances the Survival of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Ischemic Limb in Mice With Type 2 Diabetes (2021)

Background Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells remains a promising but challenging approach to critical limb ischemia in diabetes because of the dismal cell survival. Methods and Results Critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetes mouse model was used to explore the impact of diabetic limb ischemia on the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bMSCs). Inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species was achieved with concomitant overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and glutathione peroxidase-1 in the transplanted bMSCs, and extracellular reactive oxygen species was attenuated using SOD-3 overexpression and N-acetylcysteine treatment. In vivo optical fluorescence imaging and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were used to track cell retention and determine blood flow in diabetic ischemic limb, respectively. Survival of the transplanted bMSCs was significantly decreased in diabetic ischemic limb compared with the control. In vitro study indicated that advanced glycation end products, not high glucose, significantly decreased the proliferation of bMSCs and increased their apoptosis associated with increased reactive oxygen species production and selective reduction of SOD-1 and SOD-3. In vivo study demonstrated that concomitant overexpression of SOD-1, SOD-3, and glutathione peroxidase-1, or host treatment with N-acetylcysteine, significantly enhanced in vivo survival of transplanted bMSCs, and improved critical limb ischemia in diabetic mice. Combination of triple antioxidant enzyme overexpression in bMSCs with host N-acetylcysteine treatment further improved bMSC survival with enhanced circulatory and functional recovery from diabetic critical limb ischemia. Conclusions Simultaneous suppression of reactive oxygen species from transplanted bMSCs and host tissue could additively enhance bMSC survival in diabetic ischemic limb with increased therapeutic efficacy in diabetes.
Superconductivity in Thin Films of the Dirac Semimetal Cd3As2 (2020)

Thin films of Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 about 100 nm thick made of single crystals of cadmium arsenide, prepared by direct fusion of the elements by vacuum–ampoule method, by vacuum–thermal sputtering/depostion have been studied. Temperature and magnetic field dependences of electrical resistance have been measured, which indicate the presence of a superconducting transition at a temperature from 0.2 to 0.6 K.
Conformational Equilibria of Multimodal Chromatography Ligands in Water and Bound to Protein Surfaces (2019)

Multimodal chromatography uses small ligands with multiple modes of interaction, e.g., charged, hydrophobic or hydrogen bonding, to separate proteins from complex mixtures. The mechanism by which multimodal ligands interact with proteins is expected to be affected by ligand conformations, among other factors. Here, we study conformational equilibria of two commercially used multimodal cation exchange ligands, Capto MMC and Nuvia cPrime, in a range of solvents, a Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquid, ethanol, and water, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. By mapping ligand conformations onto two key torsion angles, ω and φ, in these solvents and in low and high dielectric media, we quantify the relative importance of intramolecular and solvent-mediated interactions. In a high dielectric medium, Capto MMC preferentially samples three conformations, which are stabilized by a combination of an intramolecular torsion potential (on ω) and LJ interactions. In an LJ liquid, solvent molecules compete with intramolecular interactions while simultaneously providing an osmotic force, stabilizing both closer and farther distances between ligand sites. This has the overall effect of "flattening out" the conformational landscape. Interestingly, in ethanol and water, hydrogen bonding between the amide hydrogen and solvent molecules stabilizes two additional conformations of Capto MMC in which ω takes on less favorable cis-like configurations. MD simulations of ligands in free solution with three therapeutic antibody fragments show that ligand conformational equilibria remain effectively unchanged upon binding to proteins. Although, there is 20-30% dehydration of the overall ligand upon binding, the hydrogen-bonding sites are dehydrated to a much smaller extent, particularly in cis-like configurations. Conformational preferences of Nuvia cPrime are similar to that of Capto MMC, except for the effect of symmetry arising from the absence of an alkyl thiol tail. Characterizing the conformational equilibria of these two ligands in free solution and bound to a protein provides a foundation for developing a mechanistic understanding of protein-multimodal ligand interactions.
The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (N‐CAM) Modulates K+ Channels in Cultured Glial Precursor Cells (1991)

Application of antibodies against the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) to O4-positive murine glial precursor cells in vitro results in a reduction of two distinct K+ currents measured using the whole cell patch clamp technique. Both the A-type and delayed rectifier K+ currents are reduced in amplitude within a few minutes of the application of poly- or monoclonal antibodies against N-CAM. This effect is not due to the binding of any antibody to the surface of the glial precursor cells because monoclonal antibody directed against the O4 surface antigen, or polyclonal antibodies directed against liver cell membranes (which also bind to the surface of glial precursor cells), do not affect membrane currents. Activators of protein kinase C, such as phorbol esters or diacylglycerol, also induce changes in potassium currents that appear, both in magnitude and kinetics, to be similar to those induced by antibodies against N-CAM. In contrast, activation of G proteins upregulates K+ currents. Glial precursor cells thus respond to triggering of N-CAM by altering channel properties. These observations suggest that adhesive events between neural cells can influence the intracellular ionic milieu.
An Engineered Monolignol 4-O-Methyltransferase Depresses Lignin Biosynthesis and Confers Novel Metabolic Capability in Arabidopsis (2012)

Although the practice of protein engineering is industrially fruitful in creating biocatalysts and therapeutic proteins, applications of analogous techniques in the field of plant metabolic engineering are still in their infancy. Lignins are aromatic natural polymers derived from the oxidative polymerization of primarily three different hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, the monolignols. Polymerization of lignin starts with the oxidation of monolignols, followed by endwise cross-coupling of (radicals of) a monolignol and the growing oligomer/polymer. The para-hydroxyl of each monolignol is crucial for radical generation and subsequent coupling. Here, we describe the structure-function analysis and catalytic improvement of an artificial monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase created by iterative saturation mutagenesis and its use in modulating lignin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We show that expressing the created enzyme in planta, thus etherifying the para-hydroxyls of lignin monomeric precursors, denies the derived monolignols any participation in the subsequent coupling process, substantially reducing lignification and, ultimately, lignin content. Concomitantly, the transgenic plants accumulated de novo synthesized 4-O-methylated soluble phenolics and wall-bound esters. The lower lignin levels of transgenic plants resulted in higher saccharification yields. Our study, through a structure-based protein engineering approach, offers a novel strategy for modulating phenylpropanoid/lignin biosynthesis to improve cell wall digestibility and diversify the repertories of biologically active compounds.