gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simplified 3D urban unit representation for urban microclimate simulations: a case study in China’s ‘Hot Summer and Cold Winter’ climate zone (2015)

Urban and building energy simulations are usually initiated with typical meteorological year weather data. However, the locations where these historical datasets were collected (usually airports) do not represent the local, site specific micro-climates that cities develop. An idealised “urban unit model” (250m radius) has been developed for use with simulation modelling as a method for adapting commonly available weather data files to the local micro-climate. The idealised “urban unit model” presented in this work is based on the main thermal and morphological characteristics of nine sites with residential / institutional (university) use in Hangzhou, China. This newly introduced idealised “urban unit model” was implemented into micro-climatic simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics – Surface Energy Balance analysis tool (ENVI-met, Version 4). Following model validation, two scenarios were developed, one for assessing the impact of vegetated surface’s location on air temperature in relation to the air temperature measurement point (3.5m above ground) and a second one for analysing the effect of the vegetated surface area on the average urban unit (250m radius) air and surface temperature. The performance of the “urban unit model” was deemed satisfactory and the performance evaluation indices were comparable to previously published work (RMSE:1.3; MAPE:3.1%).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;The results of Scenario 1 (spatial distribution of green space in the urban unit) showed that the location of the vegetated surface had only marginal impact on the air temperature at the middle grid cell of the urban unit. As would be expected, the air temperature was lower for the case where the vegetation was at the centre of the model. Scenario 2 (changing the green space percentage in the urban unit) revealed that the increase of green space resulted in an increase in the occurrence frequency of air temperatures towards the cooler end of the temperature distribution. This study concluded that in places with a humid subtropical climate such as Hangzhou, for successive hot, dry summer days, the reduction in soil water content can negate, to a large extent, the cooling benefits of added vegetation. This work presents a methodology that addresses the implications of urban morphology representation for micro-climate modelling.
Prosthetic feet: State-of-the-art review and the importance of mimicking human ankle–foot biomechanics (2009)

Numerous prosthetic feet are currently on the market for individuals with a transtibial amputation, each device aimed at raising the 3C-level (control, comfort and cosmetics) with slightly different characteristics. In general, prosthetic feet can be classified into three categories. These are, following the time line: conventional feet (CF), energy-storing-and-returning (ESR) feet and the recent so-called 'bionic' feet. Researchers have shown enhanced performance properties of ESR feet compared with early CF. However, even with the advanced technology, none of the ESR feet is capable of significantly reducing energy cost of walking or enhancing prosthetic gait (Nielsen et al. J Prosthet Orthotics 1989;1:24-31; Waters et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976;58:42-46; Torburn et al. J Rehabil Res Dev 1990;27:369-384). From the 1990s, gradually more attention has been paid to the incorporation of active elements in prosthetic feet as the passive devices are not capable of providing the individual with sufficient ankle power during gait. Most part of the 'bionic' devices are still on the research level nowadays but one can expect that they will become available on the market soon. In this article, the evolution of prosthetic feet over the last two decades is reflected. The importance of mimicking human ankle-foot biomechanics with prosthetic feet is briefly discussed. Prior work in both objective and subjective evaluation of prosthetic gait is reported.
Persistent association of nailfold capillaroscopy changes and skin involvement over thirty‐six months with duration of untreated disease in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (2008)

Early treatment of juvenile DM may lead to a unicyclic disease course. The non-unicyclic disease course usually involves continuing skin manifestations with persistent nailfold capillaroscopy changes. The correlation of nailfold capillaroscopy results with cutaneous but not with musculoskeletal signs of juvenile DM over a 36-month period suggests that the cutaneous and muscle vasculopathies have different pathophysiologic mechanisms. These findings indicate that efforts to identify the optimal treatment of cutaneous features in juvenile DM require greater attention.
Correction to “Propagation of unducted whistlers from their source lightning: A case study” (2009)

[1] In the paper “Propagation of unducted whistlers from their source lightning: A case study” by O. Santolík et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A03212, doi:10.1029/2008JA013776, 2009), the affiliation and mailing address for J. Chum were incorrect. [2] The correct affiliation is as follows: [3] J. Chum, Department of Upper Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Prague, Czech Republic. [4] The correct mailing address is as follows: [5] J. Chum, Department of Upper Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Boční II 1401, 141 31 Praha 4, Czech Republic. ([email protected])
Function of Filaggrin and Caspase-14 in Formation and Maintenance of the Epithelial Barrier (2009)

Stratifi ed epithelia line all external and internal body surfaces of mammals and function to protect us from water loss, environmental insults, chemical damage, and infection. This protective barrier is composed of a complex mixture of structural proteins and specialized lipids that together form the anuclear squames of the stratum corneum. Filaggrin and caspase-14 are two genes expressed in the granular layer of epidermis and other stratified keratinizing epithelia. Filaggrin is a keratin-binding protein present in the lower layers of the stratum corneum which plays a key role in barrier function. Filaggrin is synthesized as a large precursor, profi laggrin, that undergoes specific processing during keratinocyte differentiation to produce filaggrin. In the middle and upper layers of the stratum corneum, fi laggrin is degraded to free amino acids which have several functions including water adsorption. Recent work has shown that loss-offunction mutations in the fi laggrin (FLG) gene cause the dry skin disease ichthyosis vulgaris. Similar FLG variants are strongly associated with the common infl ammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis (eczema). Current studies suggest that~50% of European patients with moderate to severe eczema carry one or more FLG null alleles. Caspase-14 is a member of the caspase family of aspartate-specifi c proteases that is co-expressed with fiwithin the epidermis. Recent work has shown that it functions both as a profi laggrin protease and protects against UV irradiation. These studies emphasize the importance of proteases in regulating profi laggrin/fi laggrin and caspase-14 function, and their common and overlapping roles in epithelial barrier homeostasis. (Dermatol Sinica 27: 1-14, 2009)
Transplantable Immunoglobulin-Secreting Tumors in Rats (1975)

Abstract Most of the spontaneous ileocecal immunocytomas of LOU/C/Wsl strain rats secrete large amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Amino acid sequence studies were undertaken on the heavy chains of 13 of these proteins and on pooled heavy chains from LOU rats to define the structural variability in the amino terminal region of the rat heavy chain. Characteristic VHIII sequences were found in both the myeloma proteins and the heavy chains from the pool. The data confirm previous conclusions concerning the rat VHIII subgroup that had been derived from studies of pooled heavy chains from Sprague-Dawley rats. In particular phylogenetically associated residues, identical to those previously determined in the Sprague-Dawley pool, were found in the LOU/C/Wsl rat myeloma proteins. There were two unexpected findings: 1) hypervariability at position 16 of the rat VHIII myelomas as contrasted with more than 90% glycine in the pool, and 2) a striking homology of one rat myeloma heavy chain with the variable region of the MOPC 315 mouse α-chain. The findings show that the rat myeloma system provides useful proteins for sequence analysis but indicate that some sequence pattern differences can be detected between the myeloma proteins and pooled immunoglobulins from this species.
Defect modes in one-dimensional granular crystals (2012)

We study the vibrational spectra of one-dimensional statically compressed granular crystals (arrays of elastic particles in contact) containing light-mass defects. We focus on the prototypical settings of one or two spherical defects (particles of smaller radii) interspersed in a chain of larger uniform spherical particles. We present a systematic measurement, using continuous noise, of the near-linear frequency spectrum within the spatial vicinity of the defect(s). Using this technique, we identify the frequencies of the localized defect modes as a function of the defect size and the position of the defects relative to each other. We also compare the experimentally determined frequencies with those obtained by numerical eigenanalysis and by analytical expressions based on few-site considerations. These approximate analytical expressions, based on normal-mode analysis, are found to be in excellent agreement with numerics for a wide range of mass ratios. We also observe that the experimentally measured frequencies of the localized defect modes are uniformly upshifted, compared to the numerically and theoretically predicted values.
Low-Cost and Compact Disposable Extracorporeal Centrifugal Blood Pump Utilizing a Homopolar Bearingless Switched Reluctance Slice Motor (2023)

The high biocompatibility and high durability of disposable extracorporeal centrifugal blood pumps (CBPs) utilizing magnetic bearing or bearingless motor technology make them perfect for supporting cardiopulmonary circulation for patients. However, the rotor incorporated in the disposable unit typically uses high-cost and environmentally-unfriendly rare-earth permanent magnets (PMs), leading to economic and environmental issues. This paper proposes a centrifugal blood pump with a PM-free impeller/rotor in the disposable pump head utilizing a 12/8 bearingless switched reluctance slice motor (BELSRM). Two axial-magnetized PM rings and two iron rings are mounted symmetrically above and below the tips of the stator poles. The biased magnetic flux generated by the PM rings forms a closed vertical magnetic circuit (homopolar flux circuit) with a PM-free rotor, providing high passive stiffness and large positioning forces independent of the rotor angle. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) model was used to evaluate the rotor support stiffness, the current-force coefficient, and the rotational torque. A prototype bearingless slice motor (BELSM) and a disposable pump head with a diameter of 50 mm PM-free impeller/rotor were fabricated. The radial magnetic levitation and the rotation were actively controlled by displacement and speed feedback control systems, respectively. A mock circulatory loop filled with 40wt% aqueous glycerol solution was set to evaluate the performance of the proposed CBP. The CBP provided a maximum flow rate of 4.59 L/min and a maximum head pressure of 214.5 mmHg at 2300 rpm and 2400 rpm, respectively.
High-PSRR all-digital delay locked loop with burst update mode and power noise damping scheme (2011)

The proposed all-digital delay locked loop (DLL) eliminates power noise jitter over all frequency range by combining two methods: Burst update mode and power noise damping filter. The design is fabricated in Hynix's late 30nm DRAM process and tested with DRAM full-chip operations. The jitter of the proposed DLL was measured in a single-para ATE (Automatic Test Equipment). In 1333Mbps, the measured jitter is 34ps at VDD of 1.5V with the operation current of 1.5mA.
Characterization and Analysis of Phoca Vitulina, Zalophus Californianus and Mirounga Angustirostris Vibrissae (2018)

Vibrissae of Phoca Vitulina (harbor seal) and Mirounga Angustirostris (elephant seal) possess undulations along their length. Harbor seal vibrissae have shown potential to reduce vortex induced vibrations and reduce drag compared to cylinders and ellipses. The exact geometry of the whiskers has not been well documented and the parameters that are responsible for the reduction in drag and vortex induced vibrations have not been characterized. Samples of six harbor seal vibrissae, six elephant seal vibrissae and six California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) vibrissae were collected from the Marine Mammal Center in California. The objectives of this study were to (1) Compare measurement techniques for digitizing and extracting parameters of the seal whiskers for the PeTaL (Periodic Table of Life) database. CT scanning, microscopy and 3D scanning techniques were compared. (2) Compare aerodynamic characteristics of a representative harbor seal whisker, elephant seal whisker, California sea lion whisker and ellipse at Re = 12000 and Re = 23000 based on major axis and free stream velocity. The data (in appendices) is available to compare CFD models or for further experimental validation, (3) Show close up images of whiskers and look for surface roughness effects. Variations in the seven parameters of the seal whisker were observed that may either be a feature of the vibration reduction mechanism or a result of natural variation. It is hypothesized that six parameters are sufficient to characterize seal whiskers based on analytic fitting. The drag coefficient of harbor seal whiskers examined in this study were found to be 25 percent lower than that of an ellipse with comparable major and minor axis lengths at Reynolds number of 12000. The dissipation length scale was found to be larger for seal whiskers. Potential applications of seal whisker morphology for aerospace are discussed. Roughness is not thought to play a factor in seal hydrodynamics.
Preparation and characterization of regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin fiber containing recombinant cell‐adhesive proteins; Nonwoven fiber and monofilament (2008)

Abstract To improve the cell‐adhesive character of Bombyx mori silk fibroin fiber, the regenerated B. mori silk fibroin fibers with recombinant cell‐adhesive proteins were prepared. The recombinant proteins were originally designed in our laboratory and expressed in Eschericchia coli ; one is the protein with the primary structure of (TGRGDSPAS) 8 which was designed based on the cell adhesive sequence in fibronectin and the other is (GERGDLGPQGIAGQRGVVGERGERGERGAS) 8 GPPGPCC GGG originated from the cell adhesive sequences in collagen. The nonwoven silk fibroin nano‐fibers including these recombinant proteins were prepared by electrospinning method from the hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solutions of mixture of B. mori silk fibroin and the recombinant proteins. The cell‐adhesive characters of such nonwoven silk fibers were much improved compared with that of the nonwoven silk fibroin fibers without the recombinant proteins. In addition, the degradation rates of the nonwoven fibers were accelerated by mixing of the recombinant proteins into silk fibroin. Here, we also prepared the regenerated silk fibroin monofilaments including the recombinant proteins by wet spinning from the HFIP dope solution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Generalized Constructal Framework for Two-Dimensional Colloidal Particle Systems (2022)

The natural evolution of various physical phenomena can be described by the constructal law. Here, we develop a generalized constructal model for colloidal particle assembly in 2D systems. Ultimately, this general framework can be applied to evaluate particle behavior in response to any pairwise interaction.
Electrochemical Device with Interdigitated Ring Array Electrodes for Investigating the Relationship between Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (2013)

A local redox cycling-based electrochemical (LRC-EC) chip device was used to investigate the relationship between cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. In the LRC-EC chip device, ring-type interdigitated array electrodes were incorporated at n × n measurement points with only 2n bonding pads for external connection. Microwells were also fabricated at each measurement point to trap cell aggregates. To differentiate ES cells into cardiomyocytes, ES cells were three-dimensionally cultured to form simple and cystic embryoid bodies (EBs). ALP activity of these EBs was then detected using the LRC-EC chip device. The electrochemical responses for ALP activity decreased concurrently with the differentiation of ES cells into cardiomyocytes, indicating that an LRC-EC chip device is useful for evaluating cell differentiation.
Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy in Community Acquired Pneumonia: Less Is More (2014)

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) represents the most common cause of infection-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Appropriate treatment of CAP is challenging and sometimes limited by the availability to obtain rapid and timely identification of the etiologic agent in order to initiate or deescalate the correct antimicrobial therapy. As a consequence, prescribers frequently select empiric antimicrobial therapy using clinical judgment, local patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and, sometimes, individual patient expectations. These issues may contribute to prolonged courses of inappropriate therapy. In this review, we discuss the evidence and recommendations from international guidelines for the management of CAP and the clinical trials that specifically addressed duration of antimicrobial therapy for CAP in adults. In randomized controlled trials comparing the clinical efficacy of a short-course antimicrobial regimen versus an extended-course regimen, no differences in terms of clinical success, bacterial eradication, adverse events, and mortality were observed. The use of biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, to guide the initiation and duration of antimicrobial therapy may reduce total antibiotic exposure and treatment duration, healthcare costs, and the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance. In clinical practice, antimicrobial stewardship interventions may improve the management of CAP and may help in reducing treatment duration. Sometimes "less is more" in CAP.
Smectic A Formation by Twin Dimers Assuming U-shaped Conformation (2008)

Abstract Twin dimers with 3-methylpentane spacers behave as U-shaped (folding) molecules if the carbon number of alkyl tail group is longer than 12 and form an SA phase. This behavior is in contrast to that in dimers with linear pentane spacers which assume extended conformation and form the antiferroelectric SCAb. Folding of twin molecules, hence, is another way to accommodate tail groups fairly longer than the spacers, suggesting new potentiality in spontaneous molecular organization.
Actively Q-Switched Multisegmented Nd:YAG Laser Pumped at 885 nm for Remote Sensing (2014)

An end-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser using a multisegmented crystal rod as laser active material, directly pumped to the upper laser level by an 885-nm emitting diode is demonstrated. The Nd:YAG crystal was pumped both in CW and quasi-CW mode. The maximum energy per pulse obtained was 2.57 mJ at 1 kHz, with an overall efficiency of ~ 7.5\) %. The pulse duration was 22-ns full-width at half-maximum while the spatial beam profile was excellent (M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <;1.3) .
Dual piezoelecttic actuators for the traveling wave ultrasonic linear motor (2009)

The effect of a dual piezoelectric actuators ultrasonic linear motor is studied in this research. The two piezoelectric actuators are bonded with a linear elastic stator. The stator generates the traveling wave when the actuators are subjected to the harmonic excitations. Vibration characteristics of the linear stator are determined by using the finite element analysis, i.e., modal, harmonic and transient responses. In the experiment, the motor characteristics are tested, i.e., the maximum velocity, operating frequency and applied voltage. In addition, the relationship between the pre-load and velocity of the motor is reported. The result shows that the maximum velocity of the motor occurs at a specific per-load. The comparison of the operating frequency and harmonic response shows well agreement between the finite element and experimental results.
Immunological detection of glutamate receptor subtypes in human central nervous system (1992)

Abstract Glutamate receptors are the principal excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system and are involved in a number of normal and pathological neuronal processes. Using subunit‐specific antipeptide antibodies developed against the predicted amino acid sequences of several rat glutamate receptor cDNAs, we have identified these proteins in post‐mortem human central nervous system tissue. Immunoblotting of dissected brain regions demonstrates that these receptor proteins are differentially distributed. The ability to identify these proteins in post‐mortem human tissues should allow examination of the changes in levels of receptor subtypes that occur in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Investigation of an Innovative Combustion Process for High-Performance Engines and Its Impact on Emissions (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Over the past years, the question as to what may be the powertrain of the future has become ever more apparent. Aiming to improve upon a given technology, the internal combustion engine still offers a number of development paths in order to maintain its position in public and private mobility. In this study, an innovative combustion process is investigated with the goal to further approximate the ideal Otto cycle. Thus far, similar approaches such as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) shared the same objective yet were unable to be operated under high load conditions. Highly increased control efforts and excessive mechanical stress on the components are but a few examples of the drawbacks associated with HCCI. The approach employed in this work is the so-called Spark Assisted Compression Ignition (SACI) in combination with a pre-chamber spark plug, enabling short combustion durations even at high dilution levels. This operation mode leads to substantial improvements in terms of fuel consumption up to highest load conditions. Developed in close collaboration with Volkswagen Motorsport and the FKFS, the experimental investigations are carried out on a single cylinder test bench at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). The test bench is directly derived from the Volkswagen WRC 1.6l DI-SI race engine. In a numerical approach, the 3D-CFD engine development tool &lt;i&gt;QuickSim&lt;/i&gt; is used to gain a detailed understanding of charge motion, mixture formation, and combustion. As a first step, we want to assess the effects of engine operating parameters such as engine load and engine speed on both boosted conventional and SACI operation. Secondly, we want to give an overview on the magnitude of the formulation of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and particle emissions in the presence of different ignition modes. The latter is aimed at addressing one of the many remaining questions in order to apply SACI operation to series production engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Forced Entry--or Does HTLV-I Have the Key? (2003)

Hijacking Host Immunity by the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1: Implications for Therapeutic and Preventive Vaccines,