gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis A virus survival on drug paraphernalia (2020)

The ongoing hepatitis A outbreaks in multiple states in the United States have concerned public health authorities since March 2017. The outbreaks have spread throughout 30 states and include primarily persons who use drugs, including persons who inject drugs (PWID) and persons experiencing homelessness. Contaminated drug injection paraphernalia and sharing of these items could potentially aid in transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) among these populations. We examined HAV survival on drug paraphernalia frequently shared among PWIDs. The effect of low pH on HAV survival using citric acid, which is frequently used by PWIDs during dose preparation, was investigated. We compared the plaque assay results with those concurrently obtained by qRT-PCR to establish whether HAV RNA levels could be used as surrogates for plaque assay results. HAV suspended in minimal essential media at room temperature infected FRhK4 cells for more than 17 weeks. HAV remained viable in syringes/needles for up to 10 weeks depending on the gauge of the needles and the syringe dead volumes, and on cookers, tourniquets and cotton balls/filter surfaces for up to 4 weeks. HAV retained its infectivity for more than 10 weeks at pH as low as 2. In conclusion, our findings show that HAV survives and remains infective in or on injection drug use equipment for 1 to 10 weeks depending on the type of paraphernalia examined and environmental conditions. These findings suggest that contaminated drug paraphernalia can potentially facilitate the transmission of HAV within populations who share these items.
Ectopic β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Production by a Human Hepatoma Cell Line (FOCUS): Isolation and Immunochemical Characterization* (1987)

We have established a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line designed FOCUS that produces and secretes the beta-subunit of hCG. In the study of beta hCG production by FOCUS cells, we have developed and employed a series of monoclonal immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) that detect epitopes unique to beta hCG, alpha hCG, hCG, and sequence-specific regions of the carboxyl-terminal peptide of beta hCG. The cells secrete approximately 15 ng beta hCG/10(6) cells and per 24 h; however, we were unable to detect either hCG or the alpha-subunit. The ectopic beta hCG was subsequently affinity purified from the culture medium and partially characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The mol wt of ectopic beta hCG was approximately 35,000 daltons. Immunochemical analysis of ectopic beta hCG by sequence-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed that epitopes corresponding to amino acid sequences 109-115, 121-145, 134-140, and 139-145 of the carboxyl-terminal peptide were present. FOCUS cells also demonstrate an intracytoplasmic localization of beta hCG by immunoperoxidase-staining techniques. Taken together, these findings suggest that FOCUS cells produce and secrete only beta hCG and that thus far, its physical properties appear indistinguishable from those of the native subunit. This unique cell line will be useful to study beta hCG gene(s) regulation as well as the mechanisms of ectopic beta hCG production and secretion.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Antibodies Lacking FcγR against Lethal Dengue Virus Infection Is Due to Neutralizing Potency and Blocking of Enhancing Antibodies (2013)

Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are life-threatening complications following infection with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). At present, no vaccine or antiviral therapies are available against dengue. Here, we characterized a panel of eight human or mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and their modified variants lacking effector function and dissected the mechanism by which some protect against antibody-enhanced lethal DENV infection. We found that neutralizing modified MAbs that recognize the fusion loop or the A strand epitopes on domains II and III of the envelope protein, respectively, act therapeutically by competing with and/or displacing enhancing antibodies. By analyzing these relationships, we developed a novel in vitro suppression-of-enhancement assay that predicts the ability of modified MAbs to act therapeutically against antibody-enhanced disease in vivo. These studies provide new insight into the biology of DENV pathogenesis and the requirements for antibodies to treat lethal DENV disease.
The specification and wiring of mammalian cutaneous low‐threshold mechanoreceptors (2016)

The mammalian cutaneous low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) are a diverse set of primary somatosensory neurons that function to sense external mechanical force. Generally, LTMRs are composed of Aβ-LTMRs, Aδ-LTMRs, and C-LTMRs, which have distinct molecular, physiological, anatomical, and functional features. The specification and wiring of each type of mammalian cutaneous LTMRs is established during development by the interplay of transcription factors with trophic factor signalling. In this review, we summarize the cohort of extrinsic and intrinsic factors generating the complex mammalian cutaneous LTMR circuits that mediate our tactile sensations and behaviors. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Cryptophane-Folate Biosensor for 129Xe NMR (2014)

Folate-conjugated cryptophane was developed for targeting cryptophane to membrane-bound folate receptors that are overexpressed in many human cancers. The cryptophane biosensor was synthesized in 20 nonlinear steps, which included functionalization with folate recognition moiety, solubilizing peptide, and Cy3 fluorophore. Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR studies confirmed xenon binding to the folate-conjugated cryptophane. Cellular internalization of biosensor was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. Competitive blocking studies confirmed cryptophane endocytosis through a folate receptor-mediated pathway. Flow cytometry revealed 10-fold higher cellular internalization in KB cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors compared to HT-1080 cells with normal folate receptor expression. The biosensor was determined to be nontoxic in HT-1080 and KB cells by MTT assay at low micromolar concentrations typically used for hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR experiments.
Propylene/Propane Separation in Fixed‐Bed Adsorber and Membrane Permeation (2013)

Abstract Die metallorganische Gerüstverbindung Mg 2 (dhtp) mit dem Linker Dihydroxyterephthalat ist als MOF‐74 oder CPO‐27 bekannt. Mg 2 (dhtp) wurde in Pulverform für die Messung von Durchbruchskurven im Festbettadsorber und Adsorptionsisothermen sowie als geträgerte dünne Membranschicht für Permeationsmessungen synthetisiert. Die Messung der Durchbruchskurven des binären Propylen/Propan‐Gemisches zeigt, dass eine Trennung im Festbettadsorber möglich ist. Es zeigt sich hier eine höhere Affinität des Propylens zum Adsorbens Mg 2 (dhtp). Obwohl der Einzelgasfluss von Propan höher als der von Propylen ist, weist die Mg 2 (dhtp)‐Membran für das binäre Gemisch kein Trennverhalten auf.
Essential oils in active food packaging (2019)

The current way of life, environmental care policies, search and use of biodegradable materials and the interest of consumers on natural food additives are reasons to make use of essential oils (EOs), they are an interesting ingredient to produce eco-friendly food packaging and they can confer functional properties to package like as antioxidant and antimicrobial, these properties can extend shelf life of foods and in this way increase the value of the products. In this document shows the most recent reports on essential oils used in active food packaging, methods of adding oils, impact on several properties during formation of active package, antimicrobial and antioxidant action of EOs reported under different conditions.
Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization by Two Collinear Subthreshold Laser Pulses (1997)

Two nitrogen laser pulses of subthreshold irradiance were used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in a collinear configuration. Optimum laser pulse delay times yielding maximum guest ion intensities were determined for four different matrices between 4.2 ns for sinapinic acid (SA) and 12.5 ns for 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB). The signal decay times followed an opposite trend to the position of maxima, DHB being the fastest decaying (1.1 ns) and SA the slowest (9.8 ns). Collinear subthreshold experiments allow for a two orders of magnitude improvement in spatial and time resolution over post-ionization experiments. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum state control interference lithography and trim double patterning for 32-16 nm lithography (2007)

Double patterning has been proposed as a method to extend DUV lithography to 32nm and below. Here, a new form of double, or higher, multiple exposure technique is proposed. This new form of lithography uses a combination of Quantum State Control (QuSC) chemistry, Amplitude Modulation Optical Lithography (AMOL), and multiple micro-stepped exposures, without development between exposures. Further it is proposed to use this form of lithography (called QuSC-litho), to pattern a perfect grating grid, and to trim this grid with an earlier generation lithography tool. QuSC lithography uses short optical pulses to modulate a photochemical pathway while an intermediate is still in a defined vibrational excited state. This is a variation of Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED) developed for fluorescence microscopy. With this approach immersion tools that produce 90 nm pitch and 45 nm features should be able to pattern levels with 22 nm features with a 1:1 line-space ratio. This approach is much less sensitive to misalignment than present double patterning approaches. Key to successful deployment of QuSC lithography is defining a resist photochemistry consistent with the QuSC process. There are several approaches to Photo Acid Generator (PAG) - matrix interaction that may be consistent with this approach.
Structure of amorphous films containing tri-p-tolylamine and bisphenol-A polycarbonate as determined by high-resolution carbon-13 NMR of partially deuterated samples in the solid state (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of amorphous films containing tri-p-tolylamine and bisphenol-A polycarbonate as determined by high-resolution carbon-13 NMR of partially deuterated samples in the solid stateJ. Michael Hewitt, Paul M. Henrichs, M. Scozzafava, R. P. Scaringe, M. Linder, and L. J. SorrieroCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 12, 2566–2572Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00142a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00142a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunohistochemical localization of type IV collagen in normal human skin. (1986)

ヒト胎盤より抽出したIV型コラーゲンを家兎に免疫して得た抗ヒトIV型コラーゲン抗体を用い, 2才から85才までの16人の計36ヵ所より採取した健常皮膚の凍結切片について間接蛍光抗体法による検索を行つた。その結果, 表皮真皮境界部, 血管および付属器周囲の基底膜のみならず, 表皮真皮境界部では基底膜直下に, 血管および付属器では基底膜周辺に顆粒状および細線維状の蛍光が認められた。すなわち, IV型コラーゲンの基底膜外における分布が明らかとなつた。この所見は, IV型コラーゲンの真皮における働きや正常および病的状態における基底膜の動態, 代謝を考える上で重要であると考えられる。
Impaired wound healing in type 1 diabetes is dependent on 5-lipoxygenase products (2018)

Type 1 diabetes is associated with systemic low grade inflammation (LGI). We have previously shown that LGI in diabetic mice depends on systemic circulation of leukotriene (LTB<sub>4</sub>) which potentiates the toll-like/IL1β receptors response in macrophages. Impaired wound healing is an important co-morbidity in diabetes, and macrophages play a key role in this process. Here, we investigated the role of leukotrienes on monocytes and macrophages phenotype and in the impaired wound healing in diabetic mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in 129SvE wild-type (WT) and leukotrienes-deficient 5LO<sup>-/-</sup> (5-lipoxygenase knockout) mice. In diabetics, the systemic levels of LTB4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IFNγ were increased as well as the frequency of pro-inflammatory monocytes (CD11b<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>high</sup>Ly6G<sup>-</sup>) compared to healthy mice. In diabetic 5LO<sup>-/-</sup> mice, these parameters were similar to those in healthy mice. Resident peritoneal macrophages from diabetic WT mice showed a classically activated M1-like phenotype (high Nos2, Stat and Il12 expression, and nitrite levels). Macrophages from diabetic 5LO<sup>-/-</sup> mice presented alternatively activated M2-macrophages markers (high Arg1 and Chi3l3 expression and arginase activity) and when stimulated with IL4, enhanced phosphorylated-STAT6. Cutaneous wound healing in diabetic WT mice was impaired, which correlated with the decreased frequency of M2-macrophages (CD45<sup>+</sup>F4/80<sup>+</sup>CD206<sup>+</sup>) in the lesions. In diabetic 5LO<sup>-/-</sup> mice, the frequency of M2-macrophages in the wound was similar to that in healthy mice, suggesting that the impaired healing of diabetic mice depends on 5LO products. The inhibition of leukotrienes or antagonism of its receptors could be a therapeutic alternative for diabetic patients with impaired healing.
Molybdenum Oxide/Tungsten Oxide Nano-heterojunction with Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance (2021)

By virtue of their high uniformity and stability, metal oxide-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates have attracted enormous attention for molecular trace detection. However, strategies for further enhancing the SERS sensitivity are still desired. Herein, MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nano-heterojunctions are constructed by mixing MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> together (MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> hybrid) with diverse weight ratios. Using a 532 nm laser as the excitation source and R6G as the Raman reporter, it is shown that the Raman signal intensity (for the peak @ 1360 cm<sup>-1</sup>) obtained on the optimal MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> hybrid (MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> = 1:1/3) is twice that observed on a pure MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> or WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> substrate. Moreover, a limit of detection of 10<sup>-8</sup> M and an enhancement factor of 10<sup>8</sup> are achieved. In the SERS enhancement mechanism investigation, it is revealed that MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> form a staggered band structure. During the SERS measurement, electron-hole pairs are generated in the nano-heterojunction using the incident laser. They are then separated by the built-in potential with the electrons moving toward WO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. The accumulated electrons on WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> are further transferred to the R6G molecules through the coupling of orbitals. Consequently, the molecular polarizability is amplified, and SERS performance is enhanced. The abovementioned explanation is supported by the evidence that the contribution of the chemical enhancement mechanism in the optimal MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> hybrid substrate is about 2.5 times or 5.9 times that in the pure WO<sub><i>x</i></sub> or MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> substrate.
Molecular Dipole Function Inversion from Time Dependent Probability Density and Electric Field Data (1999)

A noniterative quantum mechanical algorithm is presented to extract the dipole function from time dependent probability density and external electric field data. The algorithm determines the dipole function as the solution of an exact linear integral equation without the need to solve the Schrödinger equation. The inversion in regular regions of the dipole is accurate and stable under perturbations from noisy data. The regular regions of the dipole are automatically identified by the algorithm, and Tikhonov regularization is employed. There is much freedom in the external electric field with the best choices generally producing broad excitations of many eigenstates. Field designs may be estimated from the Hamiltonian or through closed loop learning techniques in the laboratory. The inversion algorithm is tested in a simulation for O−H, which shows that the algorithm is very reliable. Since the inversion algorithm is fast, it is argued that closed loop laboratory learning techniques may be applied to optimally attain the dipole function in a desired region, whether local or as broad as possible, within the scope of the dynamics and control field capabilities.
SecA protein is directly involved in protein secretion in Escherichia coli (1989)

A high-expression plasmid for the secA gene was constructed. The SecA protein was then overproduced in E. coli and purified. The purified SecA stimulated the in vitro translocation of a model secretory protein into inverted membrane vesicles pretreated with 4 M urea. Membrane vesicles from a secAts mutant exhibited lower translocation activity, which was enhanced by SecA. These results indicate that SecA is directly involved in protein secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane.
Crack Repair of Single Crystal Turbine Blades Using Laser Cladding Technology (2014)

The formation of cracks in single crystal (SX) turbine blades is a common problem for aero-engines. To repair cracks, which are located under the tip-area, a new method is to clad with single-crystal-technology. This technology use multi-layer cladding to replace the single crystal material. To regenerate cracked material it is necessary to remove the crack affected material. The used notch geometries to remove the crack-affected area must be weldable and also permit the material solidification in the same oriented plane as the original microstructure. To solidify in the original structure a thermal gradient has to be introduced in order to guide the grain growth. This required gradient can be established by inductive heating. To reduce the thermal effected zone, a laser source is used. In addition, it is also an efficient process to fill the notch. Also the small local heat input and controlled material supply support the epitaxial growth. However, there are requirements to achieve a SX structure without cracks and pores. Current achievements and further challenges are presented in this paper.
Role of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate in propranolol binding to phospholipid membranes under acidic conditions as measured by high‐performance frontal analysis/capillary electrophoresis (2012)

Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is localized in acidic organelles such as late endosomes or lysosomes. It has been reported that BMP levels increase under phospholipidosis induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs. In the present study, the effect of BMP on the binding of propranolol (PRO) to phospholipid liposomes under acidic conditions was investigated. Binding experiments were conducted by high-performance frontal analysis/capillary electrophoresis. PRO showed nonspecific binding to BMP-containing liposomes (BMP:phosphatidylcholine = 1:4), when numbers of bound drug molecules per lipid molecule (r) ranged 0.01-0.06. Total binding affinity increased depending on the BMP content. Binding affinity was decreased by low ionic strength, or by substitution of BMP with diacylglycerol, suggesting that electrostatic interactions were involved. The binding-enhancement effect of BMP was almost equivalent to that of phosphatidylglycerol, and slightly larger than that of phosphatidylserine. An acidic environment (pH 5.0) decreased total binding affinity to BMP-containing liposomes. This could be explained by the pH-partition theory (i.e., the loss in affinity was caused by a decrease in the neutral form of the drug accessible to the membrane core). These results suggest that PRO binding is enhanced by BMP in late endosomes or lysosomes, whereas an acidic environment weakens such binding.
Present and Future of Laser Accelerator 4.Monoenergetic Electron Beam Generation in Laser-Driven Plasma Acceleration (2005)

The realization of an advanced compact accelerator based on laser-driven plasma acceleration is expected. Although energetic electron beams have been obtained, the energy spreads of the accelerated electrons have so far been large. The key issue in realizing a laser-driven plasma accelerator is the monoenergetic beam generation. Recently, monoenergetic electron beam generation has been reported. This is a breakthrough for the realization of a laser-driven plasma accelerator. Recent results related to the monoenergetic electron beam generation are introduced.
Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO in the Presence of Cauchy Noise (2022)

In this paper, we work on channel estimation techniques for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with Cauchy noise. In the standard massive MIMO setup, the users transmit orthonormal pilots during the training phase and the received signal in the base station is projected onto each orthonormal pilot signal. This process is optimum when the noise is Gaussian. In other words, the obtained signal after this process is the sufficient statistic and we do not lose any information. We show that this process is not optimum when the noise is Cauchy. Hence, we propose a channel estimation technique for the unprocessed received signal. The proposed channel estimation technique is compared with the channel estimates that are obtained from the projected signal.
Negative Poisson's Ratio Behavior Induced by an Elastic Instability (2009)

Negative Poisson's ratio behavior has been uncovered in cellular solids that comprise a solid matrix with a square array of circular voids. The simplicity of the fabrication implies robust behavior, which is relevant over a range of scales. The behavior results from an elastic instability, which induces a pattern transformation and excellent quantitative agreement is found between calculation and experiment.
Estradiol effects on the dopamine transporter – protein levels, subcellular location, and function (2006)

Our results suggest that physiological levels of E2 may act to sequester DAT in intracellular compartments where the transporter's second extramembrane loop is inaccessible (inside vesicles) and that rapid estrogenic actions on this differentiated neuronal cell type may be regulated via membrane ERs of several types.
DNA virus maturation (1969)

Maturation of bacterial viruses requires the formation of mature viral nucleic acid in the form found in progeny virus particles, the “packaging” of this viral nucleic acid within a capsule, and the assembly of “packaged” nucleic acid with the accessory structures necessary for infectivity. Recognition that the replicating viral nucleic acid is frequently in a form distinct from that found in mature particles has, in some instances, led to the postulation and formal description of presently unknown processes that must participate in the synthesis of the mature form. In at least some instances, packaging of the mature nucleic acid is clearly integrated with its synthesis. Examples involving the DNA bacteriophages T4, λ, and ϕ X174 and the RNA bacteriophages are presented to illustrate these points.