gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep and Ensemble Learning to Win the Army RCO AI Signal Classification Challenge (2019)

Automatic modulation classification is a challenging problem with multiple applications including cognitive radio and signals intelligence. Most of the existing efforts to solve this problem are only applicable when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is high and/or long observations of the signal are available. Recent work has focused on applying shallow and deep machine learning (ML) to this problem. In this paper, we present an exploration of such deep learning and ensemble learning techniques that was used to win the Army Rapid Capability Office (RCO) 2018 Signal Classification Challenge. An expert feature extraction and shallow learning approach is discussed in a simultaneous publication. We evaluated multiple state-of-the-art deep learning network architectures and adapted them to work in the RF signal domain instead of the image/computer-vision domain. The best deep learning methods were merged with the best expert feature extraction and shallow learning methods using ensemble learning. Finally, the ensemble classifier was calibrated to obtain marginal gains. The methods discussed are capable of correctly classifying waveforms at -10 dB SNR with over 63% accuracy and signals at +10 dB SNR with over 95% accuracy from an Army RCO provided training set.
Hand-generated piezoelectric mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion plasma (2020)

A transient spark discharge is an atmospheric pressure plasma that has applications in pollutant removal, medicine, water treatment, agriculture, bactericides, and nanomaterial synthesis. Conventional methods of generating transient sparks at atmospheric pressure usually require a high voltage input at nanosecond pulses. Piezoelectric crystals offer a path to creating plasma devices that do not require a high voltage power supply to generate high voltage outputs; they directly transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. This work examines a manually-operated piezoelectric mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion plasma device. Electrical characterization of the plasma discharge generated by this device shows that it behaves as a transient spark, discharging 0.96 mJ over approximately 30 ns, with consistent behavior across multiple consecutive discharges. Although this specific device had a low mechanical-to-plasma energy conversion efficiency of 1.54%, the piezoelectric crystal resets to an equilibrium condition after approximately 8 μs, which suggests that it could be operated with a mechanical input of up to nearly 125 kHz. This work shows the potential of generating plasma in off-the-grid situations using piezoelectric crystals. One particular application of a piezoelectric plasma device is for in situ pollution mitigation or plasma-enhanced combustion, embedding such a device on the high-frequency oscillating or rotating components of internal combustion engines and turbomachinery.
Functionally and Structurally Integrated Computational Modeling of Ventricular Physiology (2004)

Computational biology is integrative in several ways. Functionally, computational models are valuable for integrating the many interacting processes within biochemical networks and the many interacting physiological subsystems within the cell. Structurally detailed models provide a way of integrating across scales of biological organization from molecule to organism. Data integration across diverse laboratory and clinical measurements is another unique strength of computational biology. We describe examples of all three categories of integration by using recent advances in modeling cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and whole-heart electromechanics in health and disease.
Lung colonization by Aspergillus fumigatus is controlled by ZNF77 (2018)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a critical pathogen of humans. Exposure to A. fumigatus conidia occurs frequently but is normally cleared from the respiratory airways. In contrast, individuals with respiratory diseases are often highly colonized by fungi. Here, we use genome-edited epithelial cells to show that the genetic variant rs35699176 in ZNF77 causes loss of integrity of the bronchial epithelium and increases levels of extracellular matrix proteins. These changes promote A. fumigatus conidial adhesion, germination and growth. RNA-seq and LC/MS-MS analysis reveal rs35699176 upregulates vesicle trafficking leading to an increment of adhesion proteins. These changes make cells carrying rs35699176 more receptive to A. fumigatus in the early stages of infection. Moreover, patients with fungal asthma carrying rs35699176<sup>+/-</sup> have higher A. fumigatus loads in their respiratory airway. Our results indicate ZNF77 as a key controller of Aspergillus colonization and suggest its utility as a risk-marker for patient stratification.
ent-12-Oxolabda-8,13(16)-dien-15-oic acid and ent-8β,12α-epidioxy-12β-hydroxylabda-9(11),13-dien-15-oic acid γ-lactone: two new diterpenes from the aerial parts of Premna oligotricha. (1991)

Two novel ent-labdane diterpenes have been isolated from the aerial parts of Premna oligotricha(Verbenaceae). Primarily through NMR studies one was identified as ent-12-oxolabda-8,3(16)dien-15-oic acid. Similar analysis of the second diterpene was unable to distinguish between two possible structures, ent-8β,12α-epidioxy-12β-hydroxylabda-9(11),13-dien-15-oic acid γ-lactone and ent-8β,12α-epoxy-12β-hydroperoxylabda-9(11),13-dien-15-oic acid δ-lactone. The structure of the second diterpene was established as the γ-lactone by an X-ray diffraction study
Gas source silicon molecular beam epitaxy using disilane (1988)

In gas source silicon molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using disilane, good crystal quality silicon epitaxial films were obtained at a temperature as low as 630 °C. In comparison with gas source Si-MBE using silane, a growth rate several times higher was attained. Boron doping in the gas source Si-MBE was also studied. Using HBO2 as the B-doping source, the doping level was controlled in the range of 1016–1018 cm−3 by the cell temperature. Because of the low growth temperature and the high growth rate, an abrupt doping profile was obtained.
Mini-RPV Lateral Autopilot Design (1976)

In this paper the design of a lateral autopilot for a miniature remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) is described. The structure of the autopilot is predetermined , as well as the measured variables. It is shown that, even though aileron alone is used to control the RPV, the system is completely controllable. By use of several indices of performance, the best autopilot gains are determined by minimizing these indices. The minimization is carried out in the complex plane, and comparison is made with state space methods. It is concluded that, when a single error, such as heading error, is considered, the complex plane minimization procedure is superior. It is seen that the RPV poles due to the Dutch-Roll mode stay close to the imaginary axis, although heavy penalty is imposed by the performance index on a persisting error. It is shown that the pole placement is restricted by the fact that the trace of the system matrix is constant. Although no rudder is used, the vehicle executes coordinated turns due to its natural coordination quality. Following the design, an autopilot has been built and tested on a flight table hooked to an analog computer, which simulates the RPV dynamics. The performance of the tested system matched the analog and the digital simulation of the system.
The thermo-optic effect of Si nanocrystals in silicon-rich silicon oxidethin films (2004)

The thermo-optic effect of Si nanocrystals in silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO) thin films at 1530nm is investigated. SRSO thin films, which consist of nanocrystal Si (nc-Si) embedded inside the SiO2 matrix, were prepared by electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiH4 and O2 followed by a 30min anneal at 1150°C. The refractive indices of all SRSO films increased with increasing temperature, with the thermo-optic coefficient increasing from 1.0to6.6×10−5K−1 as the Si content is increased from 37to45at.%. The thermo-optic coeffecients of nc-Si, obtained by correcting for the volume fraction of nc-Si, also increased with increasing Si content from 1to2.5×10−4K−1. The results indicate that the thermo-optic effect of nc-Si is size-dependent, and that it must be taken into account when interpreting the luminescence data from SRSO films with high density of nc-Si.
Exploring the doping effects of Ag in p-type PbSe compounds with enhanced thermoelectric performance (2011)

In this study, we prepared a series of Ag-doped PbSe bulk materials by a melting–quenching process combined with a subsequent spark plasma sintering process, and systematically investigated the doping effects of Ag on the thermoelectric properties. Ag substitution in the Pb site does not introduce resonant levels near the valence band edge or detectable change in the density of state in the vicinity of the Fermi level, but moves the Fermi level down and increases the carrier concentration to a maximum value of ∼4.7 × 10 19 cm −3 which is still insufficient for heavily doped PbSe compounds. Nonetheless, the non-monotonic variation in carrier concentration with increasing Ag content indicates that Ag doping reaches the solution limit at ∼1.0% and the excessive Ag presumably acts as donors in the materials. Moreover, the large energy gap of the PbSe-based material wipes off significant ‘roll-over’ in the Seebeck coefficient at elevated temperatures which gives rise to high power factors, being comparable to p-type Te analogues. Consequently, the maximum ZT reaches ∼1.0 for the 1.5% Ag-doped samples with optimized carrier density, which is ∼70% improvement in comparison with an undoped sample and also superior to the commercialized p-type PbTe materials.
Corn Stover Harvest Strategy Effects on Grain Yield and Soil Quality Indicators (2013)

Developing strategies to collect and use cellulosic biomass for bioenergy production is important because those materials are not used as human food sources. This study compared corn (Zea mays L.) stover harvest strategies on a 50 ha ClarionNicollet-Webster soil Association site near Emmetsburg, Iowa, USA. Surface soil samples (0 to 15 cm) were analyzed after each harvest to monitor soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) changes. Grain yields in 2008, before the stover harvest treatments were imposed, averaged 11.4 Mg ha-1. In 2009, 2010, and 2011 grain yields averaged 10.1, 9.7, and 9.5 Mg ha-1, respectively. Although grain yields after stover harvest strategies imposed were lower than in 2008, there were no significant differences among the treatments. Four-year average stover collection rates ranged 1.0 to 5.2 Mg ha-1 which was 12 to 60% of the above-ground biomass. SOC showed a slight decrease during the study, but the change was not related to any specific stover harvest treatment. Instead, we attribute the SOC decline to the tillage intensity and lower than expected crop yields. Overall, these results are consistent with other Midwestern USA studies that indicate corn stover should not be harvested if average grain yields are less than 11 Mg ha-1.
Second Harmonic Generation of a High Power Coherent Laser Diode (1993)

Frequency doubling of laser diodes has been demonstrated in bulk crystals, bulk crystals in a resonant cavities as well as in periodically poled waveguides. The output power available from the frequency doubling schemes however, has been limited by the relatively low output powers available from laser diodes. Frequency doubling of laser light requires a high brightness diffraction limited input beam with single spectral mode. Coherent output power from a semiconductor laser has been limited for many years to 100-200 mW, However, recently over 1 Watt cw diffraction limited output power has been obtained from a monolithically integrated flared master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) 1 .
Incorporation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm TiO}_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Nanoparticles Into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">${\rm SnO}_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Nanofibers for Higher Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

Incorporation of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles into SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanofibers as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells improved the cell efficiency from 4.63% to 6.17%. The addition of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles increased the surface area of the photoanode that led to the enhancement in the dye attachment. In addition, the incorporation of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles helped in the reduction of the recombination of electrons in the photoanode with the electrolyte resulting in the increase in the open circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) and fill factor.
Low Flow Liquid Calibration Setup (2015)

This article describes a primary calibration setup, and its uncertainty, for low flow liquid calibrations at Bronkhorst High-Tech. It will be used to calibrate reference flow meters from 1 to 200 g/h. By setting up an uncertainty budget for this setup, the calibration of the instruments can be compared to that of NMI’s (National Metrology Institutes). The uncertainty budget consists of mass, time and mass flow uncertainties/corrections that need to be taken in to account for determining the traceable mass flow. Tests results of different flow meters/actuators measured on the setup support the calculated uncertainty. By participating in an intercomparison with NMI’s the measurement and uncertainty of this setup is traceable to European NMI’s.
HowTo100M: Learning a Text-Video Embedding by Watching Hundred Million Narrated Video Clips (2019)

Learning text-video embeddings usually requires a dataset of video clips with manually provided captions. However, such datasets are expensive and time consuming to create and therefore difficult to obtain on a large scale. In this work, we propose instead to learn such embeddings from video data with readily available natural language annotations in the form of automatically transcribed narrations. The contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we introduce HowTo100M: a large-scale dataset of 136 million video clips sourced from 1.22M narrated instructional web videos depicting humans performing and describing over 23k different visual tasks. Our data collection procedure is fast, scalable and does not require any additional manual annotation. Second, we demonstrate that a text-video embedding trained on this data leads to state-of-the-art results for text-to-video retrieval and action localization on instructional video datasets such as YouCook2 or CrossTask. Finally, we show that this embedding transfers well to other domains: fine-tuning on generic Youtube videos (MSR-VTT dataset) and movies (LSMDC dataset) outperforms models trained on these datasets alone. Our dataset, code and models are publicly available.
A lightweight authentication protocol with local security association control in mobile networks (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new lightweight authentication protocol with local security association (SA) control to locally authenticate an inter-domain roaming user based on its mobility and traffic patterns. We first design a protocol to establish a local SA for authenticating the roaming user securely. Then, in order to determine the life time for the local SA, an authentication cost function is proposed to evaluate the authentication efficiency with the concern of risk, mobility and traffic patterns. The optimal life time of the local SA is determined by minimizing the authentication cost function. The performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed with respect to authentication cost under different mobility and traffic patterns. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms DIAMETER for macro-mobility users with high volume of authentication requests.
Improvement of Intestinal Absorption of Forsythoside A and Chlorogenic Acid by Different Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Chito-oligosaccharide, Application to Flos Lonicerae - Fructus Forsythiae Herb Couple Preparations (2013)

The current study aims to investigate the effect of chitosan derivatives on the intestinal absorption and bioavailabilities of forsythoside A (FTA) and Chlorogenic acid (CHA), the major active components in Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics properties of the two compounds have been characterized in vitro, in situ as well as in rats. Based on the identified biopharmaceutics characteristics of the two compounds, the effect of chitosan derivatives as an absorption enhancer on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of FTA and CHA in pure compound form as well as extract form were investigated in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Both FTA and CHA demonstrated very limited intestinal permeabilities, leading to oral bioavailabilities being only 0.50% and 0.13% in rats, respectively. Results from both in vitro, in situ as well as in vivo studies consistently indicated that Chito-oligosaccharide (COS) at dosage of 25 mg/kg could enhance intestinal permeabilities significantly as well as the in vivo bioavailabilities of both FTA and CHA than CMCs in Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple preparations, and was safe for gastrointestine from morphological observation. Besides, treatment with Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple preparations with COS at the dosage of 25 mg/kg prevented MDCK damage after influenza virus propagation, which was significantly better than control. The current findings not only identified the usefulness of COS for the improved delivery of Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae preparations but also demonstrated the importance of biopharmaceutical characterization in the dosage form development of traditional Chinese medicine.
Cutaneous Tumors in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm Type 1 (MEN1) and Gastrinomas: Prospective Study of Frequency and Development of Criteria with High Sensitivity and Specificity for MEN1 (2004)

Multiple endocrine neoplasm type 1 (MEN1) is associated with parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors. Although most patients present with hyperparathyroidism, the diagnosis can be difficult, because a significant proportion present with other endocrinopathies or may lack a family history, and other MEN1 manifestations may be mild. Recently, multiple cutaneous lesions (angiofibromas and collagenomas) were reported to be frequent in MEN1 patients, and it was proposed that their discovery suggested the diagnosis of MEN1. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the frequency and sensitivity/specificity of various cutaneous criteria for MEN1 in 110 consecutive patients with gastrinomas with or without MEN1. All patients had hormonal and functional studies to determine MEN1 status (48 with MEN1, 62 without MEN1), dermatological evaluation, and tumor imaging studies. Angiofibromas and collagenomas were more frequent in MEN1 patients (64% vs. 8% and 62% vs. 5%; P < 0.00001) and were multiple in 77-81% of the MEN1 patients. Lipomas occurred in 17%. The presence of these skin lesions did not correlate with age, disease duration, or other MEN1 features. Angiofibromas or collagenomas (single or multiple) had 50-65% sensitivity for MEN1 and 92-100% specificity. The combination criterion of multiple angiofibromas (more than three) and any collagenomas had the highest sensitivity (75%) and specificity (95%). This criterion has greater sensitivity than pituitary or adrenal disease and is comparable to hyperparathyroidism in some studies of patients with MEN1 with gastrinoma. This criterion should have sufficient sensitivity/specificity to be clinically useful.
Modulation of oxidative damage by nitroxide free radicals (2006)

Piperidine nitroxides like 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) are persistent free radicals in non-acidic aqueous solutions and organic solvents that may have value as therapeutic agents in medicine. In biological environments, they undergo mostly reduction to stable hydroxylamines but can also undergo oxidation to reactive oxoammonium compounds. Reactions of the oxoammonium derivatives could have adverse consequences including chemical modification of vital macromolecules and deleterious effects on cell signaling. An examination of their reactivity in aqueous solution has shown that oxoammonium compounds can oxidize almost any organic as well as many inorganic molecules found in biological systems. Many of these reactions appear to be one-electron transfers that reduce the oxoammonium to the corresponding nitroxide species, in contrast to a prevalence of two-electron reductions of oxoammonium in organic solvents. Amino acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phospholipids, hydrogen peroxide, other nitroxides, hydroxylamines, phenols and certain transition metal ions and their complexes are among reductants of oxoammonium, causing conversion of this species to the paramagnetic nitroxide. On the other hand, thiols and oxoammonium yield products that cannot be detected by ESR even under conditions that would oxidize hydroxylamines to nitroxides. These products may include hindered secondary amines, sulfoxamides and sulfonamides. Thiol oxidation products other than disulfides cannot be restored to thiols by common enzymatic reduction pathways. Such products may also play a role in cell signaling events related to oxidative stress. Adverse consequences of the reactions of oxoammonium compounds may partially offset the putative beneficial effects of nitroxides in some therapeutic settings.
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurement reproducibility improved with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2009)

SD-OCT 3D cube data generally showed better RNFL measurement reproducibility than TD-OCT. The choice of ONH centring methods did not affect RNFL measurement reproducibility.
Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Type 1 Prophylaxis Failure Revealed by Single-Genome Sequencing (2013)

Trials of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) pre- and postexposure prophylaxis show promise. Here, we describe a novel strategy for deciphering mechanisms of prophylaxis failure that could improve therapeutic outcomes. A healthcare worker began antiretroviral prophylaxis immediately after a high-risk needlestick injury but nonetheless became viremic 11 weeks later. Single-genome sequencing of plasma viral RNA identified 15 drug susceptible transmitted/founder HIV genomes responsible for productive infection. Sequences emanating from these genomes exhibited extremely low diversity, suggesting virus sequestration as opposed to low-level replication as the cause of breakthrough infection. Identification of transmitted/founder viruses allows for genome-wide assessment of molecular mechanisms of prophylaxis failure.