gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal regulation of the cough motor pattern (2009)

The purpose of this study was to identify the spatiotemporal determinants of the cough motor pattern. We speculated that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the cough motor pattern would be regulated separately. Electromyograms (EMG) of abdominal muscles (ABD, rectus abdominis or transversus abdominis), and parasternal muscles (PS) were recorded in anesthetized cats. Repetitive coughing was produced by mechanical stimulation of the lumen of the intrathoracic trachea. Cough inspiratory (CT(I)) and expiratory (CT(E)) durations were obtained from the PS EMG. The ABD EMG burst was confined to the early part of CT(E )and was followed by a quiescent period of varying duration. As such, CT(E )was divided into two segments with CT(E1 )defined as the duration of the ABD EMG burst and CT(E2 )defined as the period of little or no EMG activity in the ABD EMG. Total cough cycle duration (CT(TOT)) was strongly correlated with CT(E2 )(r(2)>0.8), weakly correlated with CT(I )(r(2)<0.3), and not correlated with CT(E1 )(r(2)<0.2). There was no significant relationship between CT(I )and CT(E1 )or CT(E2). The magnitudes of inspiratory and expiratory motor drive during cough were only weakly correlated with each other (r(2)<0.36) and were not correlated with the duration of any phase of cough. The results support: a) separate regulation of CT(I )and CT(E), b) two distinct subphases of CT(E )(CT(E1 )and CT(E2)), c) the duration of CT(E2 )is a primary determinant of CT(TOT), and d) separate regulation of the magnitude and temporal features of the cough motor pattern.
Development and Implementation of a Real Time Embedded Control System for Machine Tools (2006)

In this paper, the architecture of real time embedded control system for machine tool is briefly introduced. The hardware of the control system is composed of ARM, DSP and FPGA, for these microprocessors provide the control system with high performance, better reliability and low cost. The design of hardware that is divided into motherboard design and IP design is detailed. The control software system is implemented based on the RTAI-Linux that is a real-time operating system. The components of the software system and communication among the components are described. Finally the control system was implemented
Schistosomiasis collection at NHM (SCAN) (2012)

The Natural History Museum (NHM) is developing a repository for schistosomiasis-related material, the Schistosomiasis Collection at NHM (SCAN) as part of its existing Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratory (WWBL). This is timely because a major research and evaluation effort to understand control and move towards elimination of schistosomiasis in Africa has been initiated by the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE), resulting in the collection of many important biological samples, including larval schistosomes and snails. SCAN will collaborate with a number of research groups and control teams and the repository will acquire samples relevant to both immediate and future research interest. The samples collected through ongoing research and field activities, WWBL's existing collections, and other acquisitions will be maintained over the long term and made available to the global research community for approved research purposes. Goals include: ·Consolidation of the existing NHM schistosome and snail collections and transfer of specimens into suitable long-term storage systems for DNA retrieval, ·Long-term and stable storage of specimens collected as part of on going field programmes initially in Africa especially relating to the SCORE research programmes, ·Provision of access to snail and schistosome collections for approved research activities.
Reconstruction of a high-resolution image on a compound-eye image-capturing system (2004)

The authors have proposed an architecture for a compact image-capturing system called TOMBO (thin observation module by bound optics), which uses compound-eye imaging for a compact hardware configuration [Appl. Opt. 40, 1806 (2001)]. The captured compound image is decomposed into a set of unit images, then the pixels in the unit images are processed with digital processing to retrieve the target image. A new method for high-resolution image reconstruction, called a pixel rearrange method, is proposed. The relation between the target object and the captured signals is estimated and utilized to rearrange the original pixel information. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the experimental TOMBO system, the resolution obtained is four times higher than that of the unit image that did not undergo reconstruction processing.
Optical Upconverting Films to Increase the Photocurrent Generation of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

To overcome the transmission loss of conventional single band gap solar cells, modification of the solar spectrum using rare-earth trivalent ion based upconverting materials has been investigated in this paper. The hexagonal NaYF4:Er3+ nanocrystals were prepared by the thermal decomposition of metal trifluoroacetate precursors in an organic solvent using a surfactant. The upconverting films of the as-synthesized nanocrystals were prepared by a spin casting and post-soaking processes. The optical converter was optimized as functions of erbium doping concentration and film thickness. The upconversion emission resulting from various laser power densities has been intensively investigated. Through this investigation, the power and the doping concentration dependent upconversion spectroscopy analysis explains dominant factors that affect the overall upconversion efficiency. The required optimal erbium doping concentration and film thickness have been explained and determined.
Performance optimizations for LTE User-Plane L2 software (2015)

Nowadays modern mobile communication networks are expected to be able to compete with wired connections in both latency and speed. This places a lot of pressure on the mobile communication protocols, which are very complex, and much of their implementation depends on the software. The performance of the software directly affects the capacity of the network, which in turn affects the throughput and latency of the network’s users and the number of users the network can support. This thesis concentrates on identifying software components of LTE UserPlane radio interface protocols for improvements, and exploring the solutions for better performance. This study leans on system component tests and the performance profiler tool perf, which enables tracking the effects of software optimizations from function-level to the whole system-level accuracy. In addition to perf, performance counters provided by the processor are manually observed and they provide the verification on why specific optimizations affect the performance. Slow memory accesses or cache misses are identified as the most constraining factor in the software’s performance. Also many good practices are found during the optimization work, such as arranging code common path first. Surprisingly, separating hardly executed code from hotspots also has a positive impact on performance, in addition to shrinking the active binary. The optimization work results in the whole software’s load decreasing from 60% to 50% and in some individual functions load decreases of over 70% are achieved.
Analysis of porous media and objects of cultural heritage by mobile NMR (2012)

Low-field NMR techniques are used to study porous system, from simple to complex structures, and objects of cultural heritage. It is shown that NMR relaxometry can be used to study the fluid dynamics inside a porous system. A simple theoretical model for multi-site relaxation exchange NMR is used to extract exchange kinetic parameters when applied on a model porous systems. It provides a first step towards the study of more complex systems, where continuous relaxation distributions are present, such as soil systems or building materials. Moisture migration is observed in the soil systems with the help of 1D and 2D NMR relaxometry methods. In case of the concrete samples, the difference in composition makes a significant difference in the ability of water uptake. The single-sided NMR sensor proves to be a useful tool for on-site measurements. This is very important also in the case of the cultural heritage objects, as most of the objects can not be moved out of their environment. Mobile NMR turns out to be a simple but reliable and powerful tool to investigate moisture distributions and pore structures in porous media as well as the conservation state and history of objects of cultural heritage.
Phase I Clinical Trial Design in Cancer Drug Development (2000)

The past decade has seen the publication of a number of new proposals for the design of phase I trials of anticancer agents. The purpose of these proposals has been to address ethical concerns about treating excessive numbers of patients at subtherapeutic doses of a new agent and to increase the overall efficiency of the process while enhancing the precision of the recommended phase II dose. In early 1998, a workshop of phase I investigators was held under the sponsorship of Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute (Wallingford, CT) to review the experience to date with novel phase I methodologies, with a particular focus on their efficiency and safety. This report summarizes the material presented. It was concluded that for phase I trials of antineoplastics (cytotoxics), which begin at 0.1 mouse-equivalent LD10 doses, evidence to date suggests that the historic approach of using a modified Fibonacci escalation and three patients per dose level is not necessary and is seldom used. One patient per dose level and more rapid escalation schemes, both empirically based and statistically based, are commonly used with apparent safety. There remain questions, however: Which of the dose escalation schemes is optimal? Are there alternatives to toxicity as a phase I end point, and will these end points be reliable in defining active doses? Answering these questions in a reasonable time frame will be important if new anticancer agents are not to suffer undue delays in phase I evaluation.
SMIS - a real-time stereoscopic medical imaging system (2004)

In this paper, we present an X-ray radiography system which can provide intra-operative stereo imaging of the patient's operational area during a spinal surgery. We use two horizontally separated X-ray tubes and a flat-panel X-ray detector mounted on two ends of a C-arm microcontroller synchronizes the image acquisition, and the left and right images are grabbed into the system alternately. Surgeons can have a 3D perception of the spine's X-ray image in real-time. We further developed a whole image processing language called PPL. PPL takes images as operands instead of dealing with complex pixel operation. To speed up the rendering speed in a network environment, we proposed a level of detail (LOD) with reverse prediction method that can fast transmit images over Internet in real-time.
Evaluation of Atlas-Based Attenuation Correction for Integrated PET/MR in Human Brain: Application of a Head Atlas and Comparison to True CT-Based Attenuation Correction (2015)

When compared with the gold-standard CT-AC, errors introduced using Atlas-AC did not exceed 8% in any brain region investigated. Underestimation of (18)F-FDG uptake was minor (<4%) but significant in regions near the skull base.
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN FOR SOLVENT AND MECHANICAL OIL EXTRACTION (2000)

ABSTRACT Due to inefficient extractability of its low oil content, soybeans are often bypassed in village‐scale processing. Soygrits, flakes, and expanded collets were hydrolyzed by proteases, cellulases, and pectinases before oil extraction by solvent and static mechanical pressure. Driselase with multi‐enzyme activity and two proteases improved solvent extraction rates but only Driselase enhanced mechanical pressing. Up to 58% of seed oil was pressed from enzyme‐hydrolyzed flakes but 88% was pressed from Driselase‐treated collets. Either pretreatment is a feasible adjunct to mechanical pressing in small batch operations.
Preparation of N–H azirdines in high enantiomeric excess by in situ aziridine–azirine–aziridine interconversion (1996)

Aziridine 6 is produced highly diastereoselectively by treatment of enantiopure 3-acetoxyaminoquinazolinone 4(Q*NHOAc) with β-trimethylsilylstyren:desilylative elemination of Q* and in situ addition fo cyanide to the intermediate azirine gives the NH-aziridine 8 of 83% ee.
The comparison of ZFNs, TALENs, and SpCas9 by GUIDE-seq in HPV-targeted gene therapy (2021)

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-associated Cas9 endonucleases are three major generations of genome editing tools. However, no parallel comparison about the efficiencies and off-target activity of the three nucleases has been reported, which is critical for the final clinical decision. We for the first time developed the genome-wide unbiased identification of double-stranded breaks enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq) method in ZFNs and TALENs with novel bioinformatics algorithms to evaluate the off-targets. By targeting human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16), we compared the performance of ZFNs, TALENs, and SpCas9 <i>in vivo</i>. Our data showed that ZFNs with similar targets could generate distinct massive off-targets (287-1,856), and the specificity could be reversely correlated with the counts of middle "G" in zinc finger proteins (ZFPs). We also compared the TALENs with different N-terminal domains (wild-type [WT]/αN/βN) and G recognition modules (NN/NH) and found the design (αN or NN) to improve the efficiency of TALEN inevitably increased off-targets. Finally, our results showed that SpCas9 was more efficient and specific than ZFNs and TALENs. Specifically, SpCas9 had fewer off-target counts in URR (SpCas9, n = 0; TALEN, n = 1; ZFN, n = 287), E6 (SpCas9, n = 0; TALEN, n = 7), and E7 (SpCas9, n = 4; TALEN, n = 36). Taken together, we suggest that for HPV gene therapies, SpCas9 is a more efficient and safer genome editing tool. Our off-target data could be used to improve the design of ZFNs and TALENs, and the universal <i>in vivo</i> off-target detection pipeline for three generations of artificial nucleases provided useful tools for genome engineering-based gene therapy.
Developing circular concrete: Acid treatment of waste concrete fines (2022)

The development of circular concrete, to enable key components to be extracted and reused, is a key requirement to achieve sustainability in the built environment. Current industry practice for end-of-life concrete is best described as down-cycling because recycled concrete aggregate has limited use, with disposal of the associated crushed concrete fines. Acid treatment of waste concrete is being investigated to allow key concrete components to become circular and, in this work, the effect of acetic acid concentration, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, reaction time and temperature on the leaching of waste concrete fines is reported. An acid concentration of 0.6 mol/L, an L/S ratio of 7 ml/g, and a reaction time of 6 h at ambient temperature allows clean sand to be extracted from concrete fines. This performs identically to new sand in mortar samples. We show for the first time that the dried and ground silica-rich residue produced by acid leaching has pozzolanic properties comparable to commercially available supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) such as blast furnace slag and coal fly ash. The potential for CO2 sequestration using the Ca2+-rich leached solution to form CaCO3 is calculated. The research shows that acid leaching of concrete fines can produce clean reusable sand, generates a viable SCM and sequester significant amounts of CO2 by forming precipitated calcium carbonate.
Robotic First Aid : Using a mobile robot to localise and visualise points of interest for first aid (2016)

Domestic robots developed to support human beings by performing daily tasks such as cleaning should also be able to help in emergencies by finding, analysing, and assisting persons in need of first aid. Here such a robot capable of performing some useful task related to first aid is referred to as a First Aid Mobile Robot (FAMR). One challenge which to the author's knowledge has not been solved is how such a FAMR can find a fallen person's pose within an environment, recognising locations of points of interest for first aid such as the mouth, nose, chin, chest and hands on a map. To overcome the challenge, a new approach is introduced based on leveraging a robot's capabilities (multiple sensors and mobility), called AHBL. AHBL comprises four steps: Anomaly detection, Human detection, Body part recognition, and Localisation on a map. It was broken down into four steps for modularity (e.g., a different way of detecting anomalies can be slipped in without changing the other modules) and because it was not clear which step is hardest to implement. As a result of evaluating AHBL, a FAMR developed for this work was able to find the pose of a fallen person (a mannequin) in a known environment with an average success rate of 83%, and an average localisation discrepancy of 1.47cm between estimated body part locations and ground truth. The presented approach can be adapted for use in other robots and contexts, and can act as a starting point toward designing systems for autonomous robotic first aid.
Nitrogen-15- and carbon-13-labeled media from Anabaena sp. for universal isotopic labeling of bacteriocins: NMR resonance assignments of leucocin A from Leuconostoc gelidum and nisin A from Lactococcus lactis (1993)

A procedure for universal 13C and/or 15N labeling of microbial peptides which are produced by fermentation in complex media and its application to two food-preserving bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are described. Isotopic enrichment of nisin A (from Lactococcus lactis) and of leucocin A (from Leuconostoc gelidum) is readily achieved using a soluble peptone derived from enzymatic hydrolysis (pepsin and chymopapain) of Anabaena sp. ATCC 27899 cells grown on sodium [13C]bicarbonate and/or sodium [15N]nitrate as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Combustion of this peptone followed by mass spectrometric analysis indicates that 45% of the labeled carbon and 65% of the labeled nitrogen added to the Anabaena culture are utilized in the amino acids of the peptone and that the isotopic purity for both 13C and 15N remains essentially unchanged provided that the cells are grown under argon atmosphere to avoid nitrogen fixation. NMR analyses of [13C,15N]nisin A using H[13C]MQC, H[13C]MBC, 2D INADEQUATE, and H[15N]MQC techniques confirmed 1H spectral assignments previously reported for unlabeled material and readily provided carbon and nitrogen assignments. The results show that universal but not uniform 13C labeling occurs unless the nutrient source is completely isotopically enriched at high level (> or = 98%) because of differential levels of de novo amino acid synthesis. Application of NMR techniques such as TOCSY, DQF-COSY, NOESY, and H[13C]MQC to unlabeled and [13C]leucocin A afforded the complete 1H and 13C assignment. Leucocin A does not possess clearly defined conformational structure in DMSO or aqueous solutions.
3D revision control framework (2012)

The maintenance of assets in a large 3D scene can involve many authors with potentially different skills and different modeling tools. The standard paradigm of collaborative editing is sharing of files between various instances of applications. This presents problems, not limited to maintaining consistency of the models and dealing with concurrent edits in the same part of a scene. In this paper, we present a novel framework for non-linear revision control and online distribution of 3D assets. This framework supports concurrent asynchronous 3D editing of models and tracking of multiple revisions so that they can be integrated at a later date. It thus provides similar functionality to file-based revision control systems, but is built around a NoSQL database, hence avoids the constraints of file based storage. The framework supports distributed editing over the Internet and additional lightweight clients in web-browsers with WebGL support.
A Low Power/Low Noise MMIC Amplifier for Phased-Array Applications using InAs/AlSb HEMT (2006)

In this paper, we present a two-stage low-power/low-noise MMIC amplifier. At 10-GHz, the amplifier demonstrates high gain (~18-dB) and moderate noise figure (<1.8-dB) at a total DC power consumption of only 1.38-mW. The ultra-low power MMIC amplifier utilizes InAs/AlSb metamorphic HEMT technology, which enables a low-power/low-noise operating point of 0.15-V and 40-mA/mm for each gain stage, considerably lower than either InP or GaAs low- power bias points. The compact design (1.6×2.6-mm2) is realized in coplanar waveguide architecture (CPW), including CPW spiral inductors.
Study of Coronagraphic Techniques (2005)

SAO has set up a testbed to study coronagraphic techniques, starting with Labeyrie's multi-step speckle reduction technique. This technique expands the general concept of a coronagraph by incorporating a speckle corrector (phase and/or amplitude) in combination with a second occulter for speckle light suppression. The correction function is derived applying the phase diversity method on images taken in focus and slightly out-of-focus. The occulter masks for the testbed will initially be produced lithographically. However, in a parallel program we are studying a new manufacturing method. This method utilizes focussed ion beams and will directly mill the mask shape into absorbing material deposited on a transparent substrate.
The effect of methyl lidocaine on lysophospholipid metabolism in hamster heart (1990)

An important feature in the remodelling of fatty acyl chains in cellular phospholipids is the acylation of lysophospholipids. Since lysophospholipids are cytolytic at high concentrations, the acylation reaction may provide an alternate pathway for the removal of cellular lysophospholipids. However, the physiological role of the acylation process in the maintenance of lysophospholipid levels in mammalian tissues has not been clearly defined. In this study, methyl lidocaine was found to inhibit both lysophosphatidylcholine:acyl-CoA and lysophosphatidylethanolamine:acyl-CoA acyltransferase activities in the hamster heart, but the drug had no effect on the other lysophospholipid metabolic enzymes. When the heart was perfused with 0.5 mg methyl lidocaine/mL, acyltransferase activities were attenuated, but there was no change in the activities of phospholipase A or lysophospholipase. The levels of the major lysophospholipids in the heart were not altered by methyl lidocaine perfusion. When the hearts were perfused with labelled lysophospholipid in the presence of methyl lidocaine, there was a reduction in the formation of the phospholipid and an increase in the release of the free fatty acid. However, the labelling of lysophospholipid in the heart was not altered by methyl lidocaine. We postulate that the acylation reaction has no direct contribution to the maintenance of the lysophospholipid levels in the heart.