gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Targeting to Exosomes/Microvesicles by Plasma Membrane Anchors (2011)

Animal cells secrete small vesicles, otherwise known as exosomes and microvesicles (EMVs). A short, N-terminal acylation tag can target a highly oligomeric cytoplasmic protein, TyA, into secreted vesicles (Fang, Y., Wu, N., Gan, X., Yan, W., Morell, J. C., and Gould, S. J. (2007) PLoS Biol. 5, 1267-1283). However, it is not clear whether this is true for other membrane anchors or other highly oligomeric, cytoplasmic proteins. We show here that a variety of plasma membrane anchors can target TyA-GFP to sites of vesicle budding and into EMVs, including: (i) a myristoylation tag; (ii) a phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP(2))-binding domain; (iii), a phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate-binding domain; (iv) a prenylation/palmitoylation tag, and (v) a type-1 plasma membrane protein, CD43. However, the relative budding efficiency induced by these plasma membrane anchors varied over a 10-fold range, from 100% of control (AcylTyA-GFP) for the myristoylation tag and PIP(2)-binding domain, to one-third or less for the others, respectively. Targeting TyA-GFP to endosome membranes by fusion to a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding domain induced only a slight budding of TyA-GFP, ∼2% of control, and no budding was observed when TyA-GFP was targeted to Golgi membranes via a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-binding domain. We also found that a plasma membrane anchor can target two other highly oligomeric, cytoplasmic proteins to EMVs. These observations support the hypothesis that plasma membrane anchors can target highly oligomeric, cytoplasmic proteins to EMVs. Our data also provide additional parallels between EMV biogenesis and retrovirus budding, as the anchors that induced the greatest budding of TyA-GFP are the same as those that mediate retrovirus budding.
Influence of Different Pulse Modes on the Plasma Properties in a Dual Magnetron Discharge used for the Deposition of Indium Tin Oxide Films from a Metallic Target (2007)

We have investigated the plasma properties of a dual magnetron system used for the deposition of transparent and conductive ITO films. The process properties of a bipolar and unipolar pulsed discharge were investigated while operating the targets in the transition mode. In general, in the bipolar pulsed discharge lower electron temperatures as well as one order of magnitude higher values of charge carrier density were observed compared to the unipolar pulsed discharge. Moreover, strong lateral variations of the charge carrier density in front of the substrate area were found. The influence of the plasma properties on global process parameters, especially on the p–F curve of the transition mode, is discussed in terms of the dissociation of oxygen in the discharge.
L'exception culturelle, une nouvelle chance pour une Europe audacieuse (2013)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Self-Supervised Predictive Convolutional Attentive Block for Anomaly Detection (2021)

Anomaly detection is commonly pursued as a one-class classification problem, where models can only learn from normal training samples, while being evaluated on both normal and abnormal test samples. Among the successful approaches for anomaly detection, a distinguished category of methods relies on predicting masked information (e.g. patches, future frames, etc.) and leveraging the reconstruction error with respect to the masked information as an abnormality score. Different from related methods, we propose to integrate the reconstruction-based functionality into a novel self-supervised predictive architectural building block. The proposed self-supervised block is generic and can easily be incorporated into various state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods. Our block starts with a convolutional layer with dilated filters, where the center area of the receptive field is masked. The resulting activation maps are passed through a channel attention module. Our block is equipped with a loss that minimizes the reconstruction error with respect to the masked area in the receptive field. We demonstrate the generality of our block by integrating it into several state-of-the-art frameworks for anomaly detection on image and video, providing empirical evidence that shows considerable performance improvements on MVTec AD, Avenue, and ShanghaiTech. We release our code as open source at https://github.com/ristea/sspcab.
Introducción ¿Cómo difundir el aprendizaje servicio? (2018)

El monografico presenta la experiencia de innovacion educativa que ha supuesto el aprendizaje-servicio en Catalunya.
Integration of DNA ligation and rolling circle amplification for the homogeneous, end-point detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (2002)

Association studies using common sequence variants or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may provide a powerful approach to dissect the genetic inheritance of common complex traits. Such studies necessitate the development of cost-effective, high throughput technologies for scoring SNPs. The method described in this paper for the co-detection of both alleles of a SNP in a single homogeneous reaction combines the specificity of a high fidelity DNA ligation step with the power of rolling circle amplification. The incorporation of Amplifluor energy transfer primers enables signal detection in a homogeneous format, making this approach highly amenable to automation. The adaptation of the genotyping method for high throughput screening using conventional liquid handling systems is described.
Electron Probe Microanalysis of Calcite Grains Containing Phosphorus in Soil (1978)

Abstract Calcite, comprising both clastic sand‐sized grains and fossil foraminifera inherited from a marine Cretaceous (“Gault”) clay, has been isolated from a haplaquept (“gleyic brown calcareous earth”) in the United Kingdom and shown by wet chemical analysis to contain an average of 0.3% phosphorus. Electron probe microanalysis indicates that this phosphorus is uniformly distributed within the calcite rather than concentrated as discrete calcium phosphates, and it is concluded that it was biogenic/diagenic rather than pedogenic in origin. Such sources constitute 50–80% of the total soil phosphorus and would be relatively available in the upper horizons of the profile.
Inhibition of Nigrostriatal Dopamine Release by Striatal GABAAand GABABReceptors (2018)

Nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) is critical to action selection and learning. Axonal DA release is locally influenced by striatal neurotransmitters. Striatal neurons are principally GABAergic projection neurons and interneurons, and a small minority of other neurons are cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). ChIs strongly gate striatal DA release via nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) identified on DA axons. Striatal GABA is thought to modulate DA, but GABA receptors have not been documented conclusively on DA axons. However, ChIs express GABA receptors and are therefore candidates for potential mediators of GABA regulation of DA. We addressed whether striatal GABA and its receptors can modulate DA release directly, independently from ChI regulation, by detecting DA in striatal slices from male mice using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the absence of nAChR activation. DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in the presence of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine was reduced by GABA or agonists of GABA<sub>A</sub> or GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors, with effects prevented by selective GABA receptor antagonists. GABA agonists slightly modified the frequency sensitivity of DA release during short stimulus trains. GABA agonists also suppressed DA release evoked by optogenetic stimulation of DA axons. Furthermore, antagonists of GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors together, or GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors alone, significantly enhanced DA release evoked by either optogenetic or electrical stimuli. These results indicate that striatal GABA can inhibit DA release through GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors and that these actions are not mediated by cholinergic circuits. Furthermore, these data reveal that there is a tonic inhibition of DA release by striatal GABA operating through predominantly GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The principal inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian striatum, GABA, is thought to modulate striatal dopamine (DA) release, but definitive evidence for GABA receptors on DA axons is lacking. Striatal cholinergic interneurons regulate DA release via axonal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) and also express GABA receptors, but they have not been eliminated as potentially critical mediators of DA regulation by GABA. Here, we found that GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors inhibit DA release without requiring cholinergic interneurons. Furthermore, ambient levels of GABA inhibited DA release predominantly through GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors. These findings provide further support for direct inhibition of DA release by GABA receptors and reveal that striatal GABA operates a tonic inhibition on DA output that could critically influence striatal output.
Similar Predictions of Etravirine Sensitivity Regardless of Genotypic Testing Method Used: Comparison of Available Scoring Systems (2012)

In general, the etravirine genotypic scoring systems produced similar results, and genotype-phenotype concordance was high. As such, phenotypic interpretations, and in their absence all genotypic scoring systems investigated, may be used to reliably predict the activity of etravirine.
Nanosized Coordination Cages Incorporating Multiple Cu(I) Reactive Sites: Host–Guest Modulated Catalytic Activity (2012)

The intermolecular catalysis toward the oxidation of hydrocarbons has been studied with a series of nanoscale coordination cages [CuI4L4]4+, which are characteristic of the inherent catalytic activity by installing multiple Cu+ redox active ions on the cage vertices. The catalytic reactions take place out-cage on the surface active Cu+ sites, while the catalytic activity can be modulated in-cage by the guest anions, establishing an unprecedented host–guest regulable catalysis structural model for coordination cages in the sense of supramolecular catalysis. The catalytic behavior and mechanism, reactivity-structure relationship, and recyclable use of the cage catalysts have been thoroughly explored, in an effort to find the way to achieving robust catalysis through careful tuning of the solution stability and redox activity of cage structures by changing size and shape of guest anions.
Analyte flux through chronically implanted subcutaneous polyamide membranes differs in humans and rats (2002)

The rat is commonly used to evaluate physiological responses of subcutaneous tissue to implanted devices. In vivo longevity of various devices and the biocompatibility of biomaterials depend on how adjacent tissue interacts. How closely the rat model predicts the human response has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to compare rat and human subcutaneous foreign body responses by monitoring the biochemical environment at a polymer-tissue interface over 8 days using microdialysis. Polyamide microdialysis probes were implanted subcutaneously in humans and rats (n = 12). Daily microdialysis samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and urea. Blood glucose was also monitored. Analyte concentrations differed significantly between rats and humans at the implant-tissue interface. There were also qualitative differences in the 8-day trends. For example, over 8 days, microdialysate glucose increased two- to fourfold in humans but decreased in rats (P < 0.001). This study reveals profound physiological differences at material-tissue interfaces in rats and humans and highlights the need for caution when extrapolating subcutaneous rat biocompatibility data to humans.
The effects of device geometry on the negative bias temperature instability of Hf-In-Zn-O thin film transistors under light illumination (2011)

The negative bias illumination temperature stress instability of amorphous Hf-In-Zn-O thin film transistors with different dimensions was evaluated. The threshold voltage (Vth) shift increased in devices with shorter channel lengths but showed almost no association with the channel width. This behavior was attributed to the diffusion and drift of the photogenerated holes at the channel/dielectric interface from regions near the drain to those near the source, which were due to the simultaneous presence of gate and drain biases. The Vth near the source, which shows the largest shift and hence has the highest local value, governs the overall Vth.
MN-Core - A Highly Efficient and Scalable Approach to Deep Learning (2021)

MN-Core is a highly efficient deep learning training accelerator reaching in excess of 1 TFLOPS/W (half-precision) at board level in real-world mixed-precision workloads. To reach and sustain this level of performance, the design is partitioned and packaged as four-die MCM package exceeding 3000mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of die area.
THE s-f INTERACTION OF RARE-EARTH METALS (1963)

Using the algebraic method of the theory of angular momentum in quantum mechanics a detailed study is made for the model of s-f interaction of rare-earth metals. A general form of Hamiltonian of s-f interaction is derived. Utilizing the method of the theory of perturbation in operator form we have obtained the general expression for the effective Hamiltonian of f-f interaction through s-f interaction. Retaining terms to the second order of smallness, besides the isotropic exchange interaction the pseudo-dipole interaction is also obtained. On the basis of the results obtained, we have discussed preliminarily the magnetic crystalline anisotropy of the ferromagnetic phase of rare-earth metals. Some experimental facts which might be explained by the above results are indicated.
A Convenient Method of Generation of Nitrile Oxides by Iodosylbenzene and Its Reaction. (2002)

A mild and convenient method for generation of nitrile oxide is established by iodosylbenzene oxidation of aldehyde oximes. Aldehyde oximes were converted to furoxans in almost quantitative yields via dimerization of corresponding nitrile oxides upon oxidation. When the oxidation was carried out in the presence of alkene and alkyne dipolarophiles, isoxazolines or isoxazoles were obtained in good yields.
High-Power Experiments with 140 GHz Series Gyrotrons for W7-X (2007)

Electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH) is an important heating system for the stellarator W7-X. For this system a total power of 10 MW at 140 GHz is needed in 30 min operation. In a collaboration with European research laboratories and European tube industry (Thales Electron Devices (TED) in France), cylindrical cavity gyrotrons designed for an output power of 1 MW, CW at 140 GHz have been developed. They are equipped with a single-stage depressed collector for increasing the efficiency and reducing the power loading at the collector wall, an advanced quasi-optical (q.o.) mode converter system with minimized stray radiation, and a single-disk diamond window made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD diamond). Details of the design can be found in Ref. (Dammertz et al, 2002). The first series gyrotron (SN1) has been tested successfully in long pulse operation with full power (30 min, 920 kW, efficiency close to 45 %) and meets the specifications (Dammertz et al., 2006). In this contribution we discuss experimental results of the second and third series gyrotron (SN2, SN3).
Effect of aramid‐CTBN block copolymer on phase structure and toughness of cured epoxy resins modified with carboxy‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) (1996)

Abstract An Aramid‐CTBN block copolymer was added to a Bisphenol‐A type epoxy resins modified with CTBN. With the addition of the copolymer, the impact strength of the CTBN‐modified systems was about twelve times higher than that of the unmodified system. Transmission electron micrographs of the block copolymer‐epoxy system showed that the diameter of CTBN‐dispersed phase decreased and a number of fine CTBN phases were dispersed in the matrix. The deformability of matrix in these systems increased with a dispersion of the fine CTBN phase. It is concluded that the improvement of toughness of the cured resins is due to the increases in the ductility of epoxy matrix by the incorporating of the dispersion of the fine CTBN phase in the matrix.
The structured core domain of αB-crystallin can prevent amyloid fibrillation and associated toxicity (2014)

Mammalian small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that form polydisperse and dynamic complexes with target proteins, serving as a first line of defense in preventing their aggregation into either amorphous deposits or amyloid fibrils. Their apparently broad target specificity makes sHSPs attractive for investigating ways to tackle disorders of protein aggregation. The two most abundant sHSPs in human tissue are αB-crystallin (ABC) and HSP27; here we present high-resolution structures of their core domains (cABC, cHSP27), each in complex with a segment of their respective C-terminal regions. We find that both truncated proteins dimerize, and although this interface is labile in the case of cABC, in cHSP27 the dimer can be cross-linked by an intermonomer disulfide linkage. Using cHSP27 as a template, we have designed an equivalently locked cABC to enable us to investigate the functional role played by oligomerization, disordered N and C termini, subunit exchange, and variable dimer interfaces in ABC. We have assayed the ability of the different forms of ABC to prevent protein aggregation in vitro. Remarkably, we find that cABC has chaperone activity comparable to that of the full-length protein, even when monomer dissociation is restricted through disulfide linkage. Furthermore, cABC is a potent inhibitor of amyloid fibril formation and, by slowing the rate of its aggregation, effectively reduces the toxicity of amyloid-β peptide to cells. Overall we present a small chaperone unit together with its atomic coordinates that potentially enables the rational design of more effective chaperones and amyloid inhibitors.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Paper-Based rGO Composites for Solar-Driven Clean Water Generation (2016)

Reusing polluted water through various decontamination techniques has appeared as one of the most practical approaches to address the global shortage of clean water. Rather than relying on single decontamination mechanism, herein we report the preparation and utilization of paper-based composites for multifunctional solar-driven clean water generation that is inspired by the multiple water purification approaches in biological systems. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets within such composites can efficiently remove organic contaminants through physical adsorption mechanism. Under solar irradiation, the floating rGO composites can instantly generate localized heating, which not only can directly generate clean water through distillation mechanism but also significantly enhance adsorption removal performance with the assistance of upward vapor flow. Such porous-structured paper-based composites allow for facile incorporation of photocatalysts to regenerate clean water out of contaminated water with combined adsorption, photodegradation, and interfacial heat-assisted distillation mechanisms. Within a homemade all-in-one water treatment device, the practical applicability of the composites for multifunctional clean water generation has been demonstrated.
Direct medical costs associated with the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection in France (2017)

Background: The economic impact of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unknown for France. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations of HCV and the direct medical costs associated with them. Methods: Estimates of 13 extrahepatic manifestations prevalence were obtained from (1) a retrospective data analysis of HCV-infected patients in a specialised centre and the baseline prevalence in the general French population and (2) an international systematic review. Per-patient-per-year costs to treat these manifestations were obtained from the literature, national databases or expert opinion. The impact of achieving HCV cure after anti-viral therapy was applied to the French healthcare costs. Results: Using approach (1), increased prevalence rates in HCV patients compared to the general population were observed for most extrahepatic manifestations. The mean per-patient-per-year cost of these manifestations in the tertiary centre was 3296 € [95% CI 1829; 5540]. In France, HCV-extrahepatic manifestations amounted to a total cost of 215 million (M) € per year [144; 299]. Using approach (2), the mean per-patient-per-year cost was estimated to be 1117 €. The estimated total cost reduction in France associated with HCV cure was 13.9 M€ for diabetes, 8.6 M€ for cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, 6.7 M€ for myocardial infarction, 2.4 M€ for end-stage renal disease and 1.4 M€ for stroke. Conclusion: Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection substantially add to the overall economic burden of the disease in France. HCV cure after anti-viral therapy is expected to significantly reduce the total costs of managing these manifestations in France.
Thoracolumbar Realignment Surgery Results in Simultaneous Reciprocal Changes in Lower Extremities and Cervical Spine (2016)

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Electrical stimulation of human muscle studied using 31P‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1986)

This study used phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to examine the metabolic demand resulting from electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) applied to human skeletal muscle. For each of six subjects, the forearm flexor muscle group was monitored with 31P-NMR during both maximum voluntary and 6-s EMS-induced contractions. A simple protocol using a tourniquet was added in one subject to assess the role of blood flow in this model. Eight hertz (nontetanic) EMS showed less (p less than 0.025) depletion of phosphocreatine (36%) than did tetanic 70-Hz EMS (60%), voluntary isometric (66%), and voluntary isokinetic (68%). The results of the tourniquet studies suggested that the nontetanic EMS allowed relatively increased muscle blood flow and oxygen supply during contraction. Tetanic EMS provided a similar metabolic demand to that of conventional resistive exercise, as measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy.
An estimation of wheelchair user's muscle fatigue by accelerometers on smart devices (2015)

This paper introduces an automatic road accessibility information collecting system inspired by human action sensing technologies of wheelchair users. The system aims to estimate a road accessibility caused by environmental factors, e.g. curbs and gaps, which directly influence wheelchair bodies, and also physiological factors, e.g. the wheelchair user's fatigue resulted by the environmental factors. We report that wheelchair user's fatigue influences wheelchair's action data sensed by accelerometer mounted on iPod touch. This paper contributes to discovering patterns of accelerations each of wheelchair user's fatigue and non-fatigue by clustering pushing wheel action data.