gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First-line gefitinib versus first-line chemotherapy by carboplatin (CBDCA) plus paclitaxel (TXL) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) with EGFR mutations: A phase III study (002) by North East Japan Gefitinib Study Group (2009)

8016 Background: Based on our promising results of phase II studies estimating gefitinib in NSCLC pts with sensitive EGFR mutations (JCO 2006, BJC 2006), this multicenter phase III trial compared progression free survival (PFS) of first line gefitinib versus first line chemotherapy in EGFR mutation positive pts with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. Per protocol, an analysis for safety except response, PFS and overall survival were estimated. Methods: PNA-LNA PCR clamp test, which had been developed and validated by us (Cancer Res 2005, Cancer Sci 2007), was employed to detect EGFR mutations using cytological samples or histological samples. Pts having sensitive EGFR mutations, measurable site(s), ECOG PS 0–1, age of 20–75 years, and no prior chemotherapy were randomized (1:1 ratio; balanced for institution, sex, and stage) to receive Arm A: gefitinb (250 mg/ day) orally, or Arms B: CBDCA AUC 6 and TXL 200mg/m2 in 21-day cycles until disease progression. The primary endpoint was PFS, and the sample size was calculated to be 320 in total (alpha=5%, power=80%) to confirm the superiority of Arm A (hazard ratio = 0.69). Results: From April 2006 to July 2008, 155 pts were enrolled (Arm A=80; Arm B=75). Their characteristics were well balanced between arms: median age=65 years; 64% female; 77% Stage IV; 93% adenocarcinoma, 61% non-smoker. There were several differences in toxicities between Arm A and Arm B (grade 4 neutropenia: 1% vs. 29%, grade 3–4 liver dysfunction: 24% vs. 1%, grade 3 neuropathy: 0% vs. 5%, respectively, p&lt;0.01). But these were tolerable in both arms. Furthermore, there were no interstitial lung disease and no toxic deaths in both arms. Analyzing both arms together, preliminary response rate and PFS of the 155 pts were 53.7% and 6.5 mos, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to compare first line gefitinib with first line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC pts harboring EGFR mutations. Due to acceptable toxicities, the independent safety committee decided to continue this study further. At the end of 2008, 200 pts have been entered to this study, and, per protocol, an interim analysis to investigate PFS will be performed in May 2009. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Action of the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist SB 204070A in the rat kindling model of epilepsy (1999)

Although there has been increasing evidence that the serotonin (5-HT) system plays an important role in regulating clinical and experimentally-induced seizures, no studies have examined the direct action of agents modulating 5-HT4 receptors in seizure models. The present study assessed the effects of the potent and selection 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, (1-butyl-4-piperidinylmethyl)-8-amino-7-chloro-1,4-benzodioxan-5-carboxylate hydrochloride (SB 204070A), on kindled seizures and on the kindling development originating from the rat amygdala. A subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg SB 204070A significantly reduced the duration of bilateral forelimb clonus of fully amygdala-kindled seizures. In contrast, daily treatment with SB 204070A at the same dose prior to each electrical stimulation produced no significant effects on behavioral or electrographic seizure development, although the duration of bilateral forelimb clonus of the first generalized seizure was significantly reduced. These results suggest that blockade of 5-HT4 receptors can inhibit the expression of kindled generalized seizures, but not the developmental seizure process of kindling.
Tetraethynylethene molecular scaffolding: Nonlinear optical, redox, and amphiphilic properties of donor functionalized polytriacetylene and expanded radialenes (1997)

Polymers with polytriacetylene (PTA) backbone (see the Figure), and also expanded radialenes (a new class of macrocycles with large conjugated all‐carbon cores), are of interest because of their intrinsic two‐dimensional π‐electron conjugated pathways. The synthesis, electrochemical characteristics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of donor‐functionalized polytriacetylene and donor end‐capped expanded radialenes are reported and discussed. magnified image
Implant damage and diffusion behavior of indium in silicon-on-insulator (2004)

Ion implant damage and diffusion behavior of indium implanted into the separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates at different energies and doses are studied. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling mode (RBS/C) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are used to characterize our samples. After relatively high-dose implantation (1/spl times/10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/ at 200 kV), a completely amorphized layer is formed which can be almost entirely repaired by subsequent annealing. At low energy and low dose implantation, the indium diffusion profiles are similar with those in bulk silicon substrates. However, under the highest-dose implantation condition (1/spl times/10/sup 14/ cm/sup -2/), the buried interface of SOI, which acts as an recombination center of point defects, can notably affect the indium diffusion profile by trapping indium atoms at the point defects to the interface and thus leaving a steep profile of indium in the top silicon layer.
Flash Memories (1999)

From the Publisher:
This book is devoted entirely to flash memories and has been designed to provide comprehensive information on basic memory cell structures, device physics and technology, simulation circuit architecture, system issues, testing and reliability. It also provides data on advanced subjects related on multi-level storage cells, embedded memories and system applications of flash memories.
Extending the virtual trackball metaphor to rear touch input (2010)

Interaction with 3D objects and scenes is becoming increasingly important on mobile devices. We explore 3D object rotation as a fundamental interaction task. We propose an extension of the virtual trackball metaphor, which is typically restricted to a half sphere and single-sided interaction, to actually use a full sphere. The extension is enabled by a hardware setup called the ¿iPhone Sandwich,¿ which allows for simultaneous front-and-back touch input. This setup makes the rear part of the virtual trackball accessible for direct interaction and thus achieves the realization of the virtual trackball metaphor to its full extent. We conducted a user study that shows that a back-of-device virtual trackball is as effective as a front-of-device virtual trackball and that both outperform an implementation of tilt-based input.
Temporal quantitative profiling of sialyllactoses and sialic acids after oral administration of sialyllactose to mini-pigs with osteoarthritis (2023)

Sialyllactose (SL) is the most abundant acidic oligosaccharide in human breast milk and plays a primary role in various biological processes. Recently, SL has attracted attention as an excellent dietary supplement for arthritis because it is effective in cartilage protection and treatment. Despite the superior function of SL, there are few pharmacological studies of SL according to blood concentrations in arthritis models. In this study, we investigated quantitative changes in SL and sialic acids in the plasma obtained from mini-pigs with osteoarthritis throughout exogenous administration of SL using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of SL and sialic acids in the SL-fed group showed a significant difference compared to the control group. Mini pigs were fed only Neu5Ac bound to SL, but the concentration patterns of the two types of sialic acid, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, were similar. In addition, the relative mRNA expression level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is known as a critical factor in cartilage matrix degradation, was remarkably decreased in the synovial membrane of the SL-fed group. Consequently, the temporal quantitative profiling suggests that dietary SL can be metabolized and utilized in the body and may protect against cartilage degradation by suppressing MMP expression during osteoarthritis progression.
Scalar costa scheme for information embedding (2003)

Research on information embedding, particularly information hiding techniques, has received considerable attention within the last years due to its potential application in multimedia security. Digital watermarking, which is an information hiding technique where the embedded information is robust against malicious or accidental attacks, might offer new possibilities to enforce the copyrights of multimedia data. In this paper, the specific case of information embedding into independent identically distributed (IID) data and attacks by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is considered. The original data is not available to the decoder. For Gaussian data, in 1983, Costa proposed a scheme that theoretically achieves the capacity of this communication scenario. However, Costa's scheme is not practical. Thus, several research groups have proposed suboptimal practical communication schemes based on Costa's idea. The goal of this paper is to give a complete performance analysis of the scalar Costa scheme (SCS), which is a suboptimal technique using scalar embedding and reception functions. Information theoretic bounds and simulation results with state-of-the-art coding techniques are compared. Further, reception after amplitude scaling attacks and the invertibility of SCS embedding are investigated.
Clonality Analysis Using X-Chromosome Inactivation at the Human Androgen Receptor Gene (HUMARA): Evaluation of Large Cohorts of Patients With Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases, Secondary Neutrophilia, and Reactive Thrombocytosis (1999)

Chronic myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs) are not associated with consistent cytogenetic or molecular abnormalities. Demonstration of clonal cell growth by analysis of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns in females provides a promising tool for diagnosis. However, this technique can be complicated by excessive lyonization of normal cells mimicking clonal cell growth: We analyzed XCI patterns at the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) locus in 146 healthy females, 65 women with secondary neutrophilia, 31 women with reactive thrombocytosis, and 86 women with chronic MPDs. A skewed XCI pattern with greater than 75% amplification of 1 allele (allele ratio > 3:1) was found in 22 (9.1%) of 242 control subjects. The incidence of skewing was statistically significantly lower in women younger than 30 years (2/73) compared with women older than 60 years (10/53). Of 86 patients with a chronic MPD, 71 (82%) exhibited an allele ratio greater than 3:1, whereas only 10 (12%) of 86 age-matched control subjects showed a skewed XCI pattern. Although statistical evaluation of the data showed a significant difference between patients with a chronic MPD and control subjects, proof of clonality in individual, especially elderly, patients is difficult.
In vivo molecular sensing for image-guided surgery (2016)

Today image-guided surgery has undergone a great expansion as recent advances of imaging have allowed surgeons to perform more complex procedures with increased safety. A set of preoperative or intraoperative images such as CT or MRI are acquired to build the patient-specific 3D models of anatomy. Unfortunately, however, these instruments are not adequate for molecular imaging. Recent developments in optical and fluorophore technologies have enabled us to visualize functional molecules not only in animals but also in human. In spite of the limitations, such as poor light penetration into the deeper area, laser toxicity, and undesirable staining, the in vivo optical imaging technique appears to be an extremely valuable tool for the precise detection of malignant and ischemic lesions. Here, I will demonstrate novel two optical techniques using 5-ALA fluorescence and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy for biomedical applications.
Early serum TARC reduction predicts prognosis in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with a PET-adapted strategy. (2020)

Among patients with advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) receiving ABVD chemotherapy, PET performed after the first two treatment cycles (PET-2) has prognostic value. However, 15% of patients with a negative PET-2 will experience treatment failure. Here we prospectively evaluated serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels, to improve risk assessment in patients treated according to HD0607 PET-driven trial (#NCT00795613). In 266 patients with available serum samples, who have agreed to participate in a sub-study for assessment of the role of TARC monitoring, serum TARC levels were measured at baseline and at time of PET-2 by commercially available ELISA test kits. The primary end-point was to evaluate the association between TARC after 2 ABVD cycles and PFS. Median TARC-2 values were significantly higher in PET-2-positive patients compared to PET-2-negative patients (P = .001), and in patients with treatment failure compared to those in continuous CR (P = .01). The 4-year PFS significantly differed between patients with TARC-2 >800 pg/mL vs ≤800 pg/mL (64% vs 86%, P = .0001). Moreover, among PET-2-negative patients, elevated TARC-2 identified those with a worse prognosis (74% vs 89%; P = .01). In multivariable analysis, TARC-2 >800 pg/mL was a significant independent predictor of PFS in the whole study population (HR 2.39, P = .004) and among the PET-2-negative patients (HR 2.49, P = .02). In conclusion, our results indicate that TARC-2 serum levels above 800 pg/mL suggest the need for a stringent follow-up in PET-2-negative patients, and the evaluation of new drugs in PET-2-positive, who will likely fail to respond to intensification with escalated BEACOPP.
A Complementary Biodiesel Blend from Soapnut Oil and Free Fatty Acids (2012)

Blends of biodiesels produced from soapnut oil and high-oleic free fatty acids (FFAs), which are potential non-edible oil feedstocks, were investigated with respect to their fuel properties. The soapnut oil methyl esters (SNME) had satisfactory fuel properties with the exception of its high cold filter plugging point. In contrast, the biodiesel from the FFAs had favorable fuel properties such as a low cold filter plugging point of −6 °C; however, it exhibits poor oxidation stability with an induction period (IP) of 0.2 h. The complementary blend of the SNME and the FFA-based biodiesel at various weight ratios was studied to improve the fuel properties. As a result, the biodiesel blend at a weight ratio of 70:30 can successfully meet all the biodiesel specifications, except the marginal oxidation stability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of N,N’-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine at the concentration between 100 and 500 ppm on the improvement in the oxidation stability of the biodiesel blend was examined. The relationship between the IP values associated with the consumption of antioxidants in the biodiesel blends was described by first-order reaction rate kinetics. In addition, the natural logarithm of IP (ln IP) at various concentrations of antioxidant presented a linear relation with the test temperature. The IP at ambient temperature can be predicted based on the extrapolation of the temperature dependence relation.
Multidisciplinary design optimization using multiobjective formulation techniques (1995)

This report addresses the development of a multidisciplinary optimization procedure using an efficient semi-analytical sensitivity analysis technique and multilevel decomposition for the design of aerospace vehicles. A semi-analytical sensitivity analysis procedure is developed for calculating computational grid sensitivities and aerodynamic design sensitivities. Accuracy and efficiency of the sensitivity analysis procedure is established through comparison of the results with those obtained using a finite difference technique. The developed sensitivity analysis technique are then used within a multidisciplinary optimization procedure for designing aerospace vehicles. The optimization problem, with the integration of aerodynamics and structures, is decomposed into two levels. Optimization is performed for improved aerodynamic performance at the first level and improved structural performance at the second level. Aerodynamic analysis is performed by solving the three-dimensional parabolized Navier Stokes equations. A nonlinear programming technique and an approximate analysis procedure are used for optimization. The proceduredeveloped is applied to design the wing of a high speed aircraft. Results obtained show significant improvements in the aircraft aerodynamic and structural performance when compared to a reference or baseline configuration. The use of the semi-analytical sensitivity technique provides significant computational savings.
Content-Based Spam Filtering on Video Sharing Social Networks (2011)

In this work we are concerned with the detection of spam in video sharing social networks. Specifically, we investigate how much visual content-based analysis can aid in detecting spam in videos. This is a very challenging task, because of the high-level semantic concepts involved; of the assorted nature of social networks, preventing the use of constrained a priori information; and, what is paramount, of the context dependent nature of spam. Content filtering for social networks is an increasingly demanded task: due to their popularity, the number of abuses also tends to increase, annoying the user base and disrupting their services. We systematically evaluate several approaches for processing the visual information: using static and dynamic (motionaware) features, with and without considering the context, and with or without latent semantic analysis (LSA). Our experiments show that LSA is helpful, but taking the context into consideration is paramount. The whole scheme shows good results, showing the feasibility of the concept.
Metal ions as antibacterial agents (2018)

Metals like mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years. The use of metals in treatment was mentioned in Ebers Papyrus (1500BC); i.e, copper to decrease inflammation &amp; iron to overcome anemia. Copper has been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the earliest solid antimicrobial material. Copper is used for the treatment of different E. coli, MRSA, Pseudomonas infections. Advantage of use of silver is it has low toxicity to human’s cells than bacteria.It is less susceptible to gram +ve bacteria than gram –bacteria due to its thicker cell wall. Zinc is found to be active against Streptococcus pneumonia, Campylobacter jejuni. Silver &amp; zinc act against vibrio cholera &amp; enterotoxic E. coli. The use of metals as antibacterial got reduce with discovery of antibiotics in twentieth century, immediately after that antibiotic resistance was seen due to transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by plasmids also known as Resistance Transfer Factors or R-factors. Metal complexes are used to show synergistic activity against bacteria’s like copper &amp; chlorhexidine on dental plaque bacteria, silver nanoparticles &amp; cephalexin against E. coli &amp; S. aureus. Keywords: Metals, Oligodynamic effect, Copper, Silver
A highly reliable and tamper-resistant RRAM PUF: Design and experimental validation (2016)

This work presents a highly reliable and tamper-resistant design of Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) exploiting Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM). The RRAM PUF properties such as uniqueness and reliability are experimentally measured on 1 kb HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based RRAM arrays. Firstly, our experimental results show that selection of the split reference and offset of the split sense amplifier (S/A) significantly affect the uniqueness. More dummy cells are able to generate a more accurate split reference, and relaxing transistor's sizes of the split S/A can reduce the offset, thus achieving better uniqueness. The average inter-Hamming distance (HD) of 40 RRAM PUF instances is ~42%. Secondly, we propose using the sum of the read-out currents of multiple RRAM cells for generating one response bit, which statistically minimizes the risk of early retention failure of a single cell. The measurement results show that with 8 cells per bit, 0% intra-HD can maintain more than 50 hours at 150 °C or equivalently 10 years at 69 °C by 1/kT extrapolation. Finally, we propose a layout obfuscation scheme where all the S/A are randomly embedded into the RRAM array to improve the RRAM PUF's resistance against invasive tampering. The RRAM cells are uniformly placed between M4 and M5 across the array. If the adversary attempts to invasively probe the output of the S/A, he has to remove the top-level interconnect and destroy the RRAM cells between the interconnect layers. Therefore, the RRAM PUF has the “self-destructive” feature. The hardware overhead of the proposed design strategies is benchmarked in 64 × 128 RRAM PUF array at 65 nm, while these proposed optimization strategies increase latency, energy and area over a naive implementation, they significantly improve the performance and security.
4‐Acetoxystyrene nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization: Comparison with styrene (2010)

Abstract The nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization (NM‐CRP) of 4‐acetoxystyrene with an alkoxyamine was analyzed by a combined experimental and modeling approach. At low nitroxide concentrations, thermal initiation was significant, and control of the polydispersity was poor, as was observed previously for styrene. A continuum model based on the method of moments was used to regress the parameters for the reversible nitroxide uncoupling/coupling reactions (activation energy of uncoupling), thermal initiation (activation energy of initiation), and termination (frequency factor of recombination). The model was able to capture the molecular weight averages and the polydispersity index as a function of time and the nitroxide concentration qualitatively and quantitatively. Using this mechanistic framework, we developed kinetic Monte Carlo models that allowed the molecular weight distributions to be predicted explicitly in good agreement with experimental data. A comparison of the NM‐CRP of 4‐acetoxystyrene and styrene is provided to illustrate the effect of the acetoxy substituent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Isomer Structural Transformation in Au–Cu Alloy Nanoclusters: Water Ripple‐Like Transfer of Thiol Ligands (2019)

Abstract Structure isomerism is observed in noble metal nanoclusters; however, the mechanism study of this process is rarely reported. Herein, by using the biphosphine ligands instead of phosphine ligands, the high symmetry of the Au 2 Cu 6 (PPh 3 ) 2 (SAdm) 6 nanocluster is successfully broken and [Au 4 Cu 4 (L 1 ) 2 (SAdm) 5 ]Br (where, L 1 is bis(diphenylphosphine)methane, DPPM) nanocluster is obtained with chiral arrangement. This newly obtained nanocluster contains a total of four isomers in crystal unit cell. Interestingly, these isomers undergo rapid isomorphism in solution, which is confirmed by 1 H‐ 1 H COSY spectrum. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the water ripple–like transfer of the thiol ligands results from the isomorphism of nanoclusters.