gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Acute Posterolateral Complex Injuries of the Knee (1997)

Clinical evaluation of posterolateral complex injuries of the knee can be difficult. To determine if magnetic resonance imaging can assist in decision-making in the treatment of posterolateral complex injuries, six consecutive patients with acute posterolateral knee trauma were imaged preoperatively with standard magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were then correlated with results of examination under anesthesia or open lateral reconstruction. There were five complete lateral complex injuries (grade III) and one partial tear. Magnetic resonance imaging was able to accurately depict the extent of injury preoperatively in each case. All patients had concomitant anterior cruciate ligament tears. There was one partial posterior cruciate ligament tear. Visualization of the arcuate complex, biceps femoris tendon, lateral capsule, iliotibial band, popliteal tendon, and lateral collateral ligament was possible. A characteristic bone contusion on the anteromedial femoral condyle was present in all patients with complete posterolateral disruptions. Lateral complex injuries of the knee can be very accurately demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging, and this imaging technique can be used to clarify the exact nature of the injury to allow better surgical planning.
Using the multi-object adaptive optics demonstrator RAVEN to observe metal-poor stars in and towards the Galactic Centre (2016)

The chemical abundances for five metal-poor stars in and towards the Galactic bulge have been determined from the H-band infrared spectroscopy taken with the RAVEN multi-object adaptive optics science demonstrator and the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph at the Subaru 8.2-m telescope. Three of these stars are in the Galactic bulge and have metallicities between -2.1&lt;[Fe/H] &lt; -1.5, and high [α/Fe]~+0.3, typical of Galactic disc and bulge stars in this metallicity range; [Al/Fe] and [N/Fe] are also high, whereas [C/Fe] &lt; +0.3. An examination of their orbits suggests that two of these stars may be confined to the Galactic bulge and one is a halo trespasser, though proper motion values used to calculate orbits are quite uncertain. An additional two stars in the globular cluster M22 show [Fe/H] values consistent to within 1σ, although one of these two stars has [Fe/H] = -2.01 ± 0.09, which is on the low end for this cluster. The [α/Fe] and [Ni/Fe] values differ by 2σ, with the most metal-poor star showing significantly higher values for these elements. M22 is known to show element abundance variations, consistent with a multipopulation scenario though our results cannot discriminate this clearly given our abundance uncertainties. This is the first science demonstration of multiobject adaptive optics with high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, and we also discuss the feasibility of this technique for use in the upcoming era of 30-m class telescope facilities
Signal Selection Based on Stochastic Resonance (2000)

Noise aids the encoding of continuous signals into pulse sequences by way of stochastic resonance and endows the encoding device with a preferred frequency. We study encoding by a threshold device based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, equivalent to the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model. Preferred frequency, optimum noise intensity, and optimum signal-to-noise ratio are shown to be linearly related to the AC amplitude of the input signal. The DC component of the input tunes the device either into transmission (preferred frequency nearly independent of signal amplitude) or selection mode (frequency rising with amplitude). We argue that this behavior may facilitate selective signal processing in neurons.
Thermal analysis of Yb-doped high-power fiber amplifiers with Al:P co-doped cores (2018)

It has been recently shown that photodarkening can significantly reduce the mode instability threshold in high power Yb-doped fiber amplifiers, thus resulting in an even more severe limitation to the scaling of the output average power of these systems. Therefore, an efficient reduction of photodarkening in an Yb-doped active fiber will lead to very significant gains in the output average power delivered by such systems. In this context, it has been reported that photodarkening can be significantly mitigated when co-doping a fiber core with Al and P, which makes this approach potentially appealing to increase the TMI threshold. Unfortunately co-doping the fiber core with Al and P also alters the effective cross-sections of the fiber, which has repercussion in the amplification efficiency. Thus, a fiber with a higher P concentration will exhibit lower cross-sections, therefore requiring a higher Yb-ion concentration to reach a certain desired amplification efficiency. However, increasing the Yb-ion concentration leads to higher photodarkening losses, which might potentially counteract the benefits of using P co-doping. In this paper we present a comparative analysis of the expected performance of different fiber amplifiers for a given constant average heat-load and amplification efficiency as a function of the ratio of Al:P concentration in the fiber core. This study indicates which core compositions are more beneficial for increasing the mode instability threshold in Yb-doped high-power fiber amplifier systems.
FFLV polytopes for odd symplectic Lie algebras (2021)

We consider "odd symplectic Lie algebras" defined in terms of maximal rank skew-symmetric forms. We provide FFLV polytopes for these algebras and prove their standard properties. In particular, we obtain a new graded character formula and PBW bases for an analogue of irreducible representations in terms of lattice points of FFLV polytopes.
Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with heart failure. (1994)

Losartan is a specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist with no agonist properties. This agent permits evaluation of the response to selective angiotensin II antagonism in patients with congestive heart failure.A study was designed to assess the acute hemodynamic and neurohumoral response to losartan in a controlled, blinded fashion.Sixty-six patients in New York Heart Association functional class II, III or IV with a radionuclide ejection fraction of < 40% were randomly allocated to treatment with placebo and then sequentially to 5, 10, 25, 75 and 150 mg losartan. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral measurements were obtained at selected times for 24 h following ingestion of a single dose of losartan.Treatment with losartan led to dose-dependent vasodilation. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased progressively up to a dose of 25 mg. The higher doses of 75 and 150 mg did not produce additional vasodilation. Similarly, the decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was not greater with doses exceeding 25 mg. The increase in the cardiac index was modest and similar for all doses. No variation in the heart rate was observed at any dose. The hemodynamic changes were accompanied by marked neurohumoral changes. Large dose-related increases in plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels were observed, especially following the 150-mg dose. Moderate reductions occurred in serum aldosterone and plasma noradrenaline. The peak effect for these parameters occurred 4-6 h after the dose, with persistent changes still evident 24 h after the dose.These data demonstrate that selective blockade of the angiotensin II receptor with losartan causes a favorable vasodilatory and neurohumoral response in patients with heart failure. Further studies are needed to determine the most effective dose in these patients. Nevertheless, losartan should be of substantial clinical use in the management of this large population.
Value of FDG-PET/CT and LDH level in detecting extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma (2011)

1866 Objectives Determine FDG-PET/CT and LDH level value in detecting EMD in MM pts Methods We previously reported FDG-PET/CT detected EMD in 6%(19/303) of MM pts enrolled in tandem transplant therapy 3A at our institution. We now include TT2/TT3B pts with EMD where images and LDH were retrospectively reviewed. EMD was confirmed with biopsy, labs, and clinical follow-up of 2+ yrs. LDH levels at imaging time were evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Results PET/CT detected EMD in 4.3%(51/1178), at 75 sites, not seen by MBS. MRI noted EMD in only 0.06%(8/1178). The most common site was in lymph nodes (see table). ROC curve analysis: an LDH cutoff of 228 had 90.6% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity (AUC 0.952; P=0.0001; PPV=75%; NPV=97%) in detecting EMD as seen on PET/CT images. 3 EMD pts had levels below 228. Conclusions FDG-PET/CT (whole-body approach) identifies and localizes EMD, not routinely in the field-of-view on MBS/MRI, and allows identification of a subset of higher risk pts. EMD presence in these pts on imaging was strongly associated with elevated LDH. Correlating images with LDH levels is helpful in difficult cases to differentiate between soft tissue inflammation, infection, and EMD, and is particularly useful when biopsy is not performed
Exercise Capacity Is Limited In Diabetic Mice Due To The Impairment Of Skeletal Muscle Function (2007)

PURPOSE: Exercise capacity has been reported to be limited in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon remains unknown. We thus examined whether exercise capacity and skeletal muscle function are limited in animal model of DM. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into two groups and were fed on either high fat diet (56% kcal fat, HFD; n = 6) or normal diet (ND; n =3) for 20 weeks. Mice were treadmill-tested within an enclosed mixing chamber which air flow passes at a constant speed. Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas fractions were monitored at both the inlet and output ports of the chamber during rest and exercise with an incremental increase in load. O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER; VCO2/VO2) were calculated. Run distance and work (vertical running distance X body weight X g) to exhaustion were used as indices defining exercise capacity. In mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle, ADP-dependent (state 3) and -independent (state 4) respiration through NADH substrate were determined using an O2 electrode. RESULTS: HFD feeding significantly increased body weight (41 ± 3 vs 26 ± 1 g), fasting blood glucose (197 ± 28 vs 110 ± 10 mg/dl) and insulin level (0.94 ± 0.20 vs 0.21 ± 0.02 ng/ml) compared to ND feeding, which suggests that DM was induced by HFD feeding. HFD feeding did not affect hemodynamics, cardiac function or cardiac structure evaluated by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Run distance and work to exhaustion were significantly decreased in HFD mice compared to ND mice (146 ± 10 vs 3 86 ± 22 m and 12 ± 1 vs 19 ± 2 J), which was accompanied by a decrease in maximal oxygen uptake (76 ± 1 vs 111 ± 3 ml/min/kg). There was no difference in RER at exhaustion between HFD and ND (1.07 ± 0.02 vs 1.02 ± 0.06). State 3, but not state 4, was decreased in HFD compared to ND, indicative of the impairment of aerobic oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise capacity was limited without changes in blood pressure and cardiac function in HFD feeding mice, which was partly due to the impairment of aerobic oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. Therapies designed to improve skeletal muscle function might be also needed to manage DM.
3D Scaffolds with Different Stiffness but the Same Microstructure for Bone Tissue Engineering (2015)

A growing body of evidence has shown that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness can modulate stem cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and signaling. Stem cells can feel and respond sensitively to the mechanical microenvironment of the ECM. However, most studies have focused on classical two-dimensional (2D) or quasi-three-dimensional environments, which cannot represent the real situation in vivo. Furthermore, most of the current methods used to generate different mechanical properties invariably change the fundamental structural properties of the scaffolds (such as morphology, porosity, pore size, and pore interconnectivity). In this study, we have developed novel three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with different degrees of stiffness but the same 3D microstructure that was maintained by using decellularized cancellous bone. Mixtures of collagen and hydroxyapatite [HA: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] with different proportions were coated on decellularized cancellous bone to vary the stiffness (local stiffness, 13.00 ± 5.55 kPa, 13.87 ± 1.51 kPa, and 37.7 ± 19.6 kPa; bulk stiffness, 6.74 ± 1.16 kPa, 8.82 ± 2.12 kPa, and 23.61 ± 8.06 kPa). Microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) assay proved that there was no statistically significant difference in the architecture of the scaffolds before or after coating. Cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, cell recruitment, and angiogenesis were determined to characterize the scaffolds and evaluate their biological responses in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro results indicate that the scaffolds developed in this study could sustain adhesion and growth of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promote their osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo results further demonstrated that these scaffolds could help to recruit MSCs from subcutaneous tissue, induce them to differentiate into osteoblasts, and provide the 3D environment for angiogenesis. These findings showed that the method we developed can build scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties almost without variation in 3D microstructure. These preparations not only can provide a cell-free scaffold with optimal matrix stiffness to enhance osteogenic differentiation, cell recruitment, and angiogenesis in bone tissue engineering but also have significant implications for studies on the effects of matrix stiffness on stem cell differentiation in 3D environments.
Reaction of 1-(Halomethyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes with Strong Bases: Evidence for a Carbene-Bridgehead Olefin-Carbene Rearrangement (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 1-(Halomethyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes with Strong Bases: Evidence for a Carbene-Bridgehead Olefin-Carbene RearrangementUwe Bunz, Walter Herpich, Joachim Podlech, Kurt Polborn, Angelika Pratzel, David S. Stephenson, and Guenter SzeimiesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7637–7641Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00096a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Copper‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Carbenoid Insertion into SiH Bonds (2008)

Complete control: A highly efficient, copper-catalyzed, asymmetric carbenoid insertion into SiH bonds, using chiral spiro diimine (SIDIM) ligands (see scheme, Ar=2,6-Cl2C6H3, OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate), produces a wide range of α-silylesters, in high yields with excellent enantiomeric excesses. This catalytic system offers unprecedented levels of enantiocontrol for the SiH bond insertion reaction.
Lossy Transmission Line Modeling and Simulation Using Special Functions (2006)

A new algorithm for modeling and simulation of lossy interconnect structures modeled by transmission lines with Frequency Independent Line Parameters (FILP) or Frequency Dependent Line Parameters (FDLP) is developed in this research. Since frequency-dependent RLGC parameters must be employed to correctly model skin effects and dielectric losses for high-performance interconnects, we first study the behaviors of various lossy interconnects that are characterized by FILP and FDLP. Current general macromodeling methods and Model Order Reduction (MOR) algorithms are discussed. Next, some canonical integrals that are associated with transient responses of lossy transmission lines with FILP are presented. By using contour integration techniques, these integrals can be represented as closed-form expressions involving special functions, i.e., Incomplete Lipshitz-Hankel Integrals (ILHIs) and Complementary Incomplete Lipshitz-Hankel Integrals (CILHIs). Various input signals, such as ramp signals and the exponentially decaying sine signals, are used to test the expressions involving ILHIs and CILHIs. Excellent agreements are observed between the closed-form expressions involving ILHIs and CILHIs and simulation results from commercial simulation tools. We then developed a frequency-domain Dispersive Hybrid Phase-Pole Macromodel (DHPPM) for lossy transmission lines with FDLP, which consists of a constant RLGC propagation function multiplied by a residue series. The basic idea is to first extract the dominant physical phenomenology by using a propagation function in the frequency domain that is modeled by FILP. A rational function approximation is then used to account for the remaining effects of FDLP lines. By using a partial fraction expansion and analytically evaluating the required inverse Fourier transform integrals, the time-domain DHPPM can be decomposed as a sum of canonical transient responses for lines with FILP for various excitations (e.g., trapezoidal and unit-step). These canonical transient responses are then expressed analytically as closed-form expressions involving ILHIs, CILHIs, and Bessel functions. The DHPPM simulator can simulate transient results for various input waveforms on both single and coupled interconnect structures. Comparisons between the DHPPM results and the results produced by commercial simulation tools like HSPICE and a numerical Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) show that the DHPPM results are very accurate.
Spectral Engineering in π-Conjugated Polymers with Intramolecular Donor−Acceptor Interactions (2010)

With the development of light-harvesting organic materials for solar cell applications and molecular systems with fine-tuned colors for nonemissive electrochromic devices (e.g., smart windows, e-papers), a number of technical challenges remain to be overcome. Over the years, the concept of "spectral engineering" (tailoring the complex interplay between molecular physics and the various optical phenomena occurring across the electromagnetic spectrum) has become increasingly relevant in the field of π-conjugated organic polymers. Within the spectral engineering toolbox, the "donor-acceptor" approach uses alternating electron-rich and electron-deficient moieties along a π-conjugated backbone. This approach has proved especially valuable in the synthesis of dual-band and broadly absorbing chromophores with useful photovoltaic and electrochromic properties. In this Account, we highlight and provide insight into a present controversy surrounding the origin of the dual band of absorption sometimes encountered in semiconducting polymers structured using the "donor-acceptor" approach. Based on empirical evidence, we provide some schematic representations to describe the possible mechanisms governing the evolution of the two-band spectral absorption observed on varying the relative composition of electron-rich and electron-deficient substituents along the π-conjugated backbone. In parallel, we draw attention to the choice of the method employed to estimate and compare the absorption coefficients of polymer chromophores exhibiting distinct repeat unit lengths, and containing various extents of solubilizing side-chains along their backbone. Finally, we discuss the common assumption that "donor-acceptor" systems should have systematically lower absorption coefficients than their "all-donor" counterparts. The proposed models point toward important theoretical parameters which could be further explored at the macromolecular level to help researchers take full advantage of the complex interactions taking place in π-conjugated polymers with intramolecular "donor-acceptor" characteristics.
Zur Struktur von Hypercratin, einem weiteren Alkaloid ausRuspolia hypercrateriformis* (1983)

Besides the known pyrrolidine alkaloids ruspolinone ( 1), norruspolinone ( 2), and norruspoline ( 3) the "bispyrrolidine" alkaloid hypercratine was isolated from the roots of RUSPOLIA HYPERCRATERIFORMIS M. R. (Acanthaceae). After chemical and spectroscopic analysis of the new compound, structure 4 is suggested.
Mathematical modeling of endovenous laser treatment (ELT) (2006)

The parameters determined by mathematical modeling are in agreement with those used in clinical practice. They confirm that thermal damage of the inner vein wall (tunica intima) is required to achieve the tissue alterations necessary in order to lead the vein to permanent occlusion. However, in order to obtain a high rate of success without adverse events, the knowledge of the vein diameter after tumescent anesthesia is recommended in order to use the optimal energy. As clearly demonstrated by our calculations, both pulsed and continuous mode operations of the laser can be efficient. An interesting observation in our model is that less amount of energy is required in pulsed mode than in continuous mode. Damaging the vein sequentially along its entire length may lead to permanent occlusion. However, the pulsed mode requires a very precise positioning of the fiber after each pullback and the duration of the treatment is much longer. For these reasons, continuous irradiation seems to be preferred by most clinicians. This model should serve as a useful tool to simulate and better understand the mechanism of action of the ELT.
Comparison of techniques for measuring the acoustic properties of porous materials (2000)

There is a large variety of methods for measuring the acoustic properties of porous materials. Of particular interest to many acoustics researchers are the characteristic impedance and propagating wave number of the porous materials. The standing wave impedance tube and two-microphone method of measuring those properties have both become standards. A number of extensions of the two-microphone method have been developed. Song and Bolton recently published a transfer matrix method utilizing four microphones [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 1131–1152]. Comparisons of the tradeoffs and errors inherent in the major methods for the measurement of the acoustical properties of porous materials are presented. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]