gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aβ induces endoplasmic reticulum stress causing possible proteasome impairment via the endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation pathway (2006)

Abstract Background: Accumulation of β‐amyloid is a major pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As in other neurodegenerative diseases, it is also reported that proteasome activity is deteriorated in post‐mortem brains of AD patients. However, the mechanism of proteasomal dysfunction in AD remains unexplained. There is, however, increasing reported evidence that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in AD pathology. Here we show that Aβ causes not only the UPR leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated cell death, but also proteasomal dysfunction in cultured cells. Methods: Mouse primary cultured neurons and other cultured cells such as HEK 293T or SH‐SY5Y were treated with Aβ or other reagents, such as thapsigargin and lactacystin, to study UPR or proteasome activity. The UPR was investigated using proteins or mRNA expression. To ascertain proteasome activity, we also recruited SH‐SY5Y cells stably transfected with GFP u . Results: In vitro study showed that UPR, phosphorylation of eIF‐2α and BiP degradation preceded proteasome dysfunction. It is known that the UPR of ER occurs with the assistance of proteasome as ER‐associated protein degradation (ERAD). Conclusion: This evidence, taken together, suggests that Aβ may induce proteasome dysfunction by preceding the UPR through ER‐associated protein degradation.
Metal Nanoparticle Decorated ZnO Nanostructure Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2018)

This chapter explains the use of plasmonic nanoparticle dressed ZnO nanostructures involving various structural designs (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanowires, less common ZnO structures) used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Various types of metal dressed ZnO nanostructure used as photoanodes in DSSCs. The chapter tabulates the performances of the various metal dressed ZnO nanostructures described in DSSCs. From this table, it can be seen that most of the ZnO nanostructure DSSCs incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles have yet to achieve a high benchmark in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) values. The nanostructured ZnO can significantly enhance solar cell performance due to the large surface area for dye adsorption, direct transport pathways for photoexcited electrons, and efficient scattering centers for enhanced light-harvesting efficiency. The chapter further discusses the limitations of ZnO-based DSSCs and also gives a few suggestions for the conversion efficiency improvement.
Experimental immunization with anti-rheumatic bacterial extract OM-89 induces T cell responses to heat shock protein (hsp)60 and hsp70; modulation of peripheral immunological tolerance as its possible mode of action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1997)

OM-89 is a bacterial (Escherichia coli) extract used for oral administration in the treatment of RA. Given the evidence that immunity to bacterial heat shock antigens plays a critical role in the immunomodulation of arthritis and possibly inflammation in general, the purpose of the present studies was to evaluate the presence and immunogenicity of hsp in OM-89. Furthermore, we studied the effects of OM-89 in an experimental arthritis, where hsp are known to have a critical significance in disease development. In rats immunization with OM-89 was found to lead to proliferative T cell responses to hsp60 and hsp70 of both E. coli and mycobacterial origin. Conversely, immunization with hsp antigens was also found to induce T cell reactivity specific for OM-89. Based on this and the antigen specificity analysis of specific T cell lines, hsp70(DnaK) turned out to be one of the major immunogenic constituents of OM-89. Parenteral immunization with OM-89 was found to reduce resistance to adjuvant arthritis (AA), whereas oral administration was found to protect against AA. Given the arthritis-inhibitory effect of oral OM-89 in AA, it is possible that peripheral tolerance is induced at the level of regulatory T cells with specificity for hsp. This may also constitute a mode of action for OM-89 as an arthritis-suppressive oral drug.
Signal Integrity Characterization Techniques [Book review] (2014)

This book addresses the gap in the college electrical engineering courses between the traditional digital and microwave curricula, with a focus on a practical and intuitive understanding of signal integrity effects within the data transmission channel. Today’s emerging high-speed digital applications require a special kind of design engineer who understands the subtle signal integrity issues at hand. Although a classical electrical and computer engineering education is helpful, it is the high frequency microwave effects that normally cause the most problems within telecommunications and computer systems, channels, and components. Reflections from impedance discontinuities, crosstalk, intra-line skew, and a multitude of other problems can immediately stop a system from working properly. High-speed interconnects such as connectors, printed circuit boards (PCBs), cables, integrated circuit (IC) packages, and backplanes are critical elements of differential channels that must be designed using today’s most powerful analysis and characterization tools. Both measurements and simulation must be done on the device under test, and both activities must yield data that correlates with each other. Most of this book focuses on real-world applications of signal integrity measurements. The book has 783 pages; it is divided into six sections and 23 chapters. This book has many positive aspects. One of them is certainly to trigger in the reader the inspiration to learn more about signal integrity and the high-speed technology around us.
Inferring network characteristics via moment-based estimators (2002)

In this work we develop simple inference models based on finite capacity single server queues for estimating the buffer size and the intensity of cross traffic at the bottleneck link of a path between two hosts. Several pairs of moment-based estimators are proposed to estimate these two quantities. The best scheme is then identified through simulation.
Multilevel MoS2 Optical Memory with Photoresponsive Top Floating Gates (2019)

Optoelectronic memory devices, whose states can be controlled using electrical optical signals, are receiving much attention for their potential applications in image sensing and parallel data transmission and processes. Here, we report MoS<sub>2</sub>-based devices with top floating gates of Au, graphene, and MoS<sub>2</sub>. Unlike conventional floating gate memory devices, our devices have the photoresponsive floating gate at the top, acting as a charge trapping layer. Stable and reliable switching with an on/off ratio of ∼10<sup>6</sup> and a retention time of >10<sup>4</sup> s is achieved by illumination with 405 nm light pulses as well as application of gate voltage pulses. However, upon illumination with 532 or 635 nm light pulses, multilevel optical memory effects are observed, which are dependent on the wavelength and the optical exposure dosage. In addition, compared to the device employing a graphene floating gate, the device with an MoS<sub>2</sub> floating gate is more sensitive to light, suggesting that the multilevel optical memory properties originate from photoexcited carriers in the top floating gate and can be modulated by adjusting the top floating gate materials. The structure of the top floating gate may open up a new way to novel optoelectronic memory devices.
Physioxia-induced downregulation of Tet2 in hematopoietic stem cells contributes to enhanced self-renewal (2022)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) manifest impaired recovery and self-renewal with a concomitant increase in differentiation when exposed to ambient air as opposed to physioxia. Mechanism(s) behind this distinction are poorly understood but have the potential to improve stem cell transplantation. Single-cell RNA sequencing of HSCs in physioxia revealed upregulation of HSC self-renewal genes and downregulation of genes involved in inflammatory pathways and HSC differentiation. HSCs under physioxia also exhibited downregulation of the epigenetic modifier Tet2. Tet2 is α-ketoglutarate, iron- and oxygen-dependent dioxygenase that converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, thereby promoting active transcription. We evaluated whether loss of Tet2 affects the number and function of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) under physioxia and ambient air. In contrast to wild-type HSCs (WT HSCs), a complete nonresponsiveness of Tet2-/- HSCs and HPCs to changes in oxygen tension was observed. Unlike WT HSCs, Tet2-/- HSCs and HPCs exhibited similar numbers and function in either physioxia or ambient air. The lack of response to changes in oxygen tension in Tet2-/- HSCs was associated with similar changes in self-renewal and quiescence genes among WT HSC-physioxia, Tet2-/- HSC-physioxia and Tet2-/- HSC-air. We define a novel molecular program involving Tet2 in regulating HSCs under physioxia.
Exploratory Analysis of Early Toxicity of Sunitinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Kinetics and Potential Biomarker Value (2010)

The adverse effects of sunitinib, particularly on the hematopoietic system, may be rapid and appear directly related to its activity in HCC. This exploratory study suggests that early hematopoietic toxicities may potentially predict outcome in advanced HCC after sunitinib treatment.
A survey of COTS wireless transceiver solutions for unmanned/unattended homeland defense systems (2004)

As the war on terrorism continues abroad, the need to maintain security at home remains a major concern. Every aspect of the security effort can benefit from rapid information transfer. Advances in Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) radios make them valuable in applications ranging from deployed sensors on unsecured borders, to organizing an emergency response team. Additionally, the reduced cost and availability of these transceivers make them a viable alternative to custom developments. As an example, COTS radios can serve as the communication element in Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) and munitions systems. Other applications include networked sonobuoys and networked RFID tracking. An additional advantage of COTS solutions is that they are available in a small form factor. They have extremely small mechanical outlines and are easily installed in systems requiring miniature designs and light payloads such as man-pack emplaced radios for the Army’s Future Combat System (FCS), as well as missions carried out by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The availability of the COTS radios result in a low-cost alternative for communication links that are applicable to military and Homeland Defense projects. They provide an easily obtainable, low-cost radio alternative enabling quick design cycles to meet mission timeliness. COTS solutions eliminate months from a typical design cycle and have many features already implemented such as ad-hoc routing and encryption. This enables robust hardware to be fielded quickly when a new need arises. The focus of this paper is to identify different COTS modules that can efficiently and cost effectively be applied to these and other various applications.
High-quality single-shot capture of facial geometry (2010)

This paper describes a passive stereo system for capturing the 3D geometry of a face in a single-shot under standard light sources. The system is low-cost and easy to deploy. Results are submillimeter accurate and commensurate with those from state-of-the-art systems based on active lighting, and the models meet the quality requirements of a demanding domain like the movie industry. Recovered models are shown for captures from both high-end cameras in a studio setting and from a consumer binocular-stereo camera, demonstrating scalability across a spectrum of camera deployments, and showing the potential for 3D face modeling to move beyond the professional arena and into the emerging consumer market in stereoscopic photography.
New Insights into Mechanisms of Neuronal Damage in the Developing Brain (1985)

Hypoxia-ischemia, hypoglycemia, and status epilepticus damage specific regions in the developing brain. The factors which determine selective neuronal vulnerability have remained obscure but recent research suggests that the patterns may be related to dysfunction of specific sets of synapses. An important current hypothesis suggests that hyperactivity of excitatory synapses, which use neurotransmitters such as glutamate, may cause excessive transmitter release and lead to damage of adjacent neurons. Excessive stimulation of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions and potentially lethal ionic shifts. Recent observations suggest that drugs acting at these receptors could be used to reduce brain injury caused by a variety of insults to the developing brain.
Über Glutamal‐5, Aspartal‐4 und einige hiervon Abgeleitete Peptide: Untersuchungen in Beziehung zu Eiweiss‐Problemen VII (1956)

Abstract Der γ‐Halbaldehyd von DL ‐Glutaminsäure und der β‐Halbaldehyd von DL ‐Asparaginsäure wurden durch Zerlegung der entsprechenden Mercaptale dargestellt. Letztere dienten weiterhin zur Synthese der Aldehydopeptide Glycyl‐ DL ‐glutamal‐5, Glycyl‐ DL ‐glutamal‐5‐yl‐glycin und Glycyl‐ DL ‐aspartal‐4. Aus dem Verhalten dieser Peptide bei der Hydrolyse mit Salzsäure ist zu folgern, dass die genannten Aldehyde ‐ falls sie als Baustein von Proteinen auftreten würden ‐ in den entsprechenden Hydrolysaten nicht ohne weiteres nachweisbar sind.
The impact of fruit texture and human saliva on the release of aroma compounds using fresh and dried mango samples (2016)

Flavour is one of the main factors affecting consumer's food preference. Our aromatic perception is greatly influenced by the release of aroma compounds during consumption itself influenced by the food matrix[1], the human oral physiology and oral processing[2]. In vivo or in vitro techniques were conducted on simple or model matrices to understand impact factors on the release of aroma compounds. However, very few studies were performed on real food matrices as fruits to understand the effect of food matrix and the oral physiology on the release of aroma compounds during oral processing. The present study investigated the impact of fruit texture and human saliva on the release of aroma compounds using in vivo and in vitro tests respectively. Mango was chosen as model fruit because of its richness in aroma compounds and its ability to process it into various products. To obtain different textures, two fresh mango products (puree, cubic pieces) and two dried mango products (powder, cubic pieces) were prepared from a homogenous fruit batch. The aroma compounds of mango samples were extracted by a convenient technique SAFE[3] (Solvent assisted flavour evaporation) and characterized by GC-MS analysis. Among volatile compounds detected, nineteen are considered as potential key flavour compounds from in mango samples. Aroma released during in vivo consumption of mango samples by trained panellists (n=8) was studied using RATD[4] technique (retronasal aroma-trapping device) mounted with Tenax. Volatile compounds trapped on Tenax were further analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty terpenes and one ester were identified in the exhaled nostril breath of panellists. They were amongst major volatile compounds of mango samples. Ten of which were reported as potential key flavour compounds in mango. The in vivo release of volatile compounds was affected by the matrix texture. The intact samples (fresh and dried cubic pieces) released more aroma compounds than disintegrated samples (fresh puree, dried powder). To understand the effect of saliva on aroma release, in vivo experiments with P&amp;T[5] technique (purge and trap, Tenax as adsorbent) were carried out in the presence of saliva collected from the panellists and mango samples in the conditions as closely as possible to those in vivo consumption. The presence of human saliva didn't have a significant effect on the release of aroma compounds. In conclusion, the fruit texture but not saliva seemed to be the main factor in the release of volatile compounds during mango fruit consumption.
Semi-analytical framework for synchronous reluctance motor analysis including finite soft-magnetic material permeability (2015)

Due to the increasing demand for high-efficiency electric motors and the maturity of vector-controlled motor drives, the Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) has received an increasing amount of attention over the past few years. Classically, SynRMs are analysed using analytical models which require little computation time and provide the designer with significant insight into the behavior of the machine, which can be very helpful in making initial design choices. For accurate analysis of the motor performance, however, numerical methods such as Finite Element Analysis are often used, although this significantly increases the computation time per design iteration. To limit the number of FEA simulations, a systematic design procedure for SynRMs, based on a combination of analytical models and FEA simulations, was proposed by Moghaddam et al. As an alternative to FEA, Harmonic Modeling Technique (HMT) can be used to obtain an accurate prediction of the magnetic field distribution inside an electric motor. In this paper, a frame-work is proposed for the analysis of SynRMs, based on the HMT method. The model is implemented for the benchmark topology and validated against FEA predictions. It is shown that the results are in relatively good agreement.
2-Substituted Cyclopropylamines. II. Effect of Structure upon Monoamine Oxidase-Inhibitory Activity as Measured in Vivo by Potentiation of Tryptamine Convulsions (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Substituted Cyclopropylamines. II. Effect of Structure upon Monoamine Oxidase-Inhibitory Activity as Measured in Vivo by Potentiation of Tryptamine ConvulsionsCharles L. Zirkle, Carl. Kaiser, David H. Tedeschi, Ralph E. Tedeschi, and Alfred. BurgerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1962, 5, 6, 1265–1284Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm01241a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jm01241a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Focused Ga Ion Beam Etching of Si in Chlorine Gas (1990)

Etch yield (the number of removed atoms per ion) of Si by showered Ga ion-beam-assisted etching with Cl 2 has been measured as functions of gas molecule flux impinged on the sample surface and incident ion flux. It is shown that these results are in good agreement with a theoretical model in which a volatile compound of SiCl 4 is created proportionally to the coverage of adsorbed chlorine molecules during ion irradiation. The maximum etch yield reaches 47 and 36 Si atoms/ion for 20 and 5 keV Ga ion, which are nearly proportional to the energy transferred from the incident ion to a lattice system of Si. This etching model is extended to the case of engraving by raster scanning of a focused Ga beam and compared with the experiment. The trends of both results coincide with each other, though the higher ion flux produces a Ga condensation layer which decreases the etch yield.
Anisotropic charge carrier transport in free-standing hexagonal boron nitride thin films (2016)

Abstract The in-plane and out-of-plane mobility–lifetime products of electrons and holes in free-standing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) films are extracted from current–voltage characteristics of metal–hBN–metal structures measured under external excitations. The in-plane mobility–lifetime products for electrons and holes are ∼2.8 × 10 −5 and ∼4.85 × 10 −6 cm 2 /V, measured from lateral carrier collection, whereas the out-of-plane mobility–lifetime products for electrons and holes are ∼5.8 × 10 −8 and ∼6.1 × 10 −9 cm 2 /V, measured from vertical carrier collection, respectively. The mobility–lifetime product is a few orders of magnitude higher along the plane than along the out of plane in hBN films.
Capsaicin induces browning of white adipose tissue and counters obesity by activating TRPV1 channel‐dependent mechanisms (2016)

Our results show for the first time that activation of TRPV1 channels by dietary capsaicin triggers browning of WAT to counteract obesity. Our results suggest that activation of TRPV1 channels is a promising strategy to counter obesity.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Oxide Anode-Side Support (2008)

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anode-side supports, along with -stabilized (YSZ) anode, YSZ electrolyte, and LSM-YSZ cathode, were prepared. Button cells yielded a power density up to in humidified and air at . The cells showed much-improved stability against coking in methane compared with conventional Ni–YSZ anode-supported SOFCs. A detailed model was used to fit the SOFC electrical results and to show that the good stability in methane was a result of the high O-to-C ratio in the Ni-YSZ anode due to the support.