gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New Quinoxaline Derivatives by Reductive Cyclization of Various 1-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-cyanoamines (2001)

The electrochemical cyanation of various six-membered N-(2-nitrophenyl) heterocyclic amines, including piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, and N-Boc-protected piperazine derivatives, was investigated. The expected cyanoamines 5 were obtained in good yields and subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to afford the corresponding cyclic amidine N-oxides 6. The reductive cyclization proceeded through the formation of a hydroxylamine, which cyclized onto the cyano moiety. The stereoselectivity of the cyclization reaction was studied for the cases both of trans-5f, in which the 2-cyano substituent was axial and the 4-methyl substituent equatorial, and of cis-5f, in which both the 2-cyano and the 4-methyl substituents were equatorial. The expected tetrahydroquinoxalines 3 were conveniently prepared in a following step by the catalytic hydrogenation of cyclic amidines 6 in the presence of Pearlman’s catalyst at five atmospheres of hydrogen pressure.
Hand Movement Direction Decoded from MEG and EEG (2008)

Brain activity can be used as a control signal for brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). A powerful and widely acknowledged BMI approach, so far only applied in invasive recording techniques, uses neuronal signals related to limb movements for equivalent, multidimensional control of an external effector. Here, we investigated whether this approach is also applicable for noninvasive recording techniques. To this end, we recorded whole-head MEG during center-out movements with the hand and found significant power modulation of MEG activity between rest and movement in three frequency bands: an increase for < or = 7 Hz (low-frequency band) and 62-87 Hz (high-gamma band) and a decrease for 10-30 Hz (beta band) during movement. Movement directions could be inferred on a single-trial basis from the low-pass filtered MEG activity as well as from power modulations in the low-frequency band, but not from the beta and high-gamma bands. Using sensors above the motor area, we obtained a surprisingly high decoding accuracy of 67% on average across subjects. Decoding accuracy started to rise significantly above chance level before movement onset. Based on simultaneous MEG and EEG recordings, we show that the inference of movement direction works equally well for both recording techniques. In summary, our results show that neuronal activity associated with different movements of the same effector can be distinguished by means of noninvasive recordings and might, thus, be used to drive a noninvasive BMI.
1SA2-07 Avian, swine, and pandemic influenza(1SA2 BSJ&ABA Joint Symposium, "Prion and Virus Infections",The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

protLins a"d the transfer of pathogens betxNeen cells
Functional Architecture and Implementation of an Autonomous Emergency Steering System (2022)

Autonomous emergency steering (AES) systems have the promising potential to further reduce traffic fatalities with other (potentially vulnerable) traffic participants by using relatively small lateral deviations to realize collision-free behavior. In this work, a complete and tractable software architecture is presented for such an AES system, comprising of the estimation of the vehicles capabilities, planning a set of paths which exploit these capabilities, checking the feasibility and risk of these paths and eventually triggering the decision to drive along one of these paths, i.e., initiating an AES manoeuvre. A novel methodology is provided to trigger such an AES system, which is based on a time-to-evade (TTE) notion. In the presence of time-varying uncertainties or measurement inaccuracies, the system is able to replan the path from the previously chosen path to ensure collision-free behavior. The proposed architecture and control approach is validated using a simulation study and field tests, showing the effectiveness of the architecture and its sub-components.
A Uniform Beam Selection Algorithm for Beamspace Mimo-Noma in Millimeter-Wave Communication System (2018)

The concept of beamspace multiple-input multiple-out non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA)is able not only to reduce the number of radio frequency (RF)chains but also to increase the spectrum efficiency in the millimeter-wave (mmWave)massive MIMO communication system. However, it is difficulty to realize the existing beam selection scheme in the system since the user side will spend too much time and computation in decoding messages by performing successive interference canceller (SIC). To solve this problem, we propose a Uniform beam selection algorithm. Specifically, according to the sparsity of the beamspace channel, the users are classified into two sets firstly. Then the beams are selected uniformly by the users with the cross-correlation of the beamspace channels. The simulation results verify that not only the spectrum and energy efficiency but also the computation of the user side in the system can be improved quite a lot with the Uniform beam selection algorithm.
Interleukin-6 and its receptor are expressed by human megakaryocytes: in vitro effects on proliferation and endoreplication (1991)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in the megakaryocytic differentiation. Recently, we have observed that IL-6 is synthesized by several human cell lines with megakaryocytic features. In this study, we have investigated whether a similar phenomenon occurs during normal megakaryocytic differentiation. Human megakaryocytes (MK) were obtained by culturing normal marrow in liquid culture with aplastic plasma (AP). First, an IL-6 secretion in bone marrow culture enriched in MK as well as in purified MK populations was demonstrated by a biologic assay. Second, IL-6 mRNA was detected in a purified population of MK by the polymerase chain reaction and dot blot analysis. IL-6 mRNA and protein were undetectable in platelets. Third, in situ hybridization procedure demonstrated the presence of IL-6 mRNA in individual immature MK. Fourth, IL-6 protein was detected in MK at the unicellular level by an immunoalkaline phosphatase technique using a monoclonal antibody against IL-6. Furthermore, the presence of IL-6 receptor (IL-6-R) on MK was demonstrated by in situ hybridization using an IL-6-R probe and in situ autoradiography after binding with [125I]-labeled recombinant IL-6. The IL-6 endogenously produced in liquid cultures containing normal human plasma or AP was subsequently neutralized. This resulted in a 50% decrease of the MK growth with a minor shift in the ploidy distribution toward lower values. In semisolid cultures the addition of anti-IL-6 antibodies led to a 42% decrease in colony number in cultures stimulated by IL-3 but not in other conditions of culture. These results suggest that normal human megakaryocytopoiesis might be regulated in part by an IL-6 autocrine loop.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Asynchronous Circuits (1990)

Analytical techniques are developed to determine the performance of asynchronous digital circuits. These techniques can be used to guide the designer during the synthesis of such a circuit, leading to a high-performance, efficient implementation. Optimization techniques are also developed that further improve this implementation by determining the optimal sizes of the low-level devices (CMOS transistors) that compose the circuit.
Discriminating language and talker using non-linguistic measures of rhythm, spectral energy and f0 (2011)

Recent studies have shown that rhythm metrics calculated from amplitude envelopes extracted from octave bands across the spectrum (the envelope modulation spectrum or EMS) can reliably discriminate between spoken Spanish and English even when produced by the same speakers [Carbonell et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 2680]. Additionally, bilingual speakers could be discriminated fairly seven females and five males well on EMS variables even across sentences spoken in the different languages. In the current study, EMS, a general acoustic measure with no reference to phoneme/linguistic entities, was supplemented with measures of the mean and variance of spectral energy in each octave band as well as the mean and variance of fundamental frequency. Using stepwise discriminant analysis and the set of bilingual productions of Spanish and English, it was determined that language discrimination was excellent using both EMS and spectral measures, whereas spectral and f0 measures were most informative for speaker discrimination. The results demonstrate that this suite of easily-calculated acoustic measures provides abundant information about differences between languages as well as inherent differences in speakers that are independent of language spoken. [Work supported by NIH-NIDCD.]
Novel fiber-optic torsional vibrometers (1992)

Two configurations for a fiber-optic torsional vibrometer are described, which can be classified as (i) differential and (ii) reference. Common features of both techniques are noncontact measurement, immunity to nontorsional vibration, large dynamic range coupled with passive, miniature, remote sensor heads. Measurements of rotation speed and torsional jitter were made with a total illuminating laser power of 130 μW (reference mode) and 1.5 mW (differential mode). Rotation speeds in the range of 270–19 000 RPM were measured.
Institucionalizando a inovação (2008)

"As empresas que têm sucesso merecem respeito e admiração. Contudo, mesmo recorrendo à inovação, o desafio permanece. Criar uma matriz ganhadora exige que os gestores articulem o que a organização «quer ser» e consigam alocar os recursos para concretizar essa visão. Se a gestão não criar um ambiente favorável e não souber liderar pelo exemplo, os esforços para inovar falharão."
Force-free swimming of a model helical flagellum in viscoelastic fluids (2011)

We precisely measure the force-free swimming speed of a rotating helix in viscous and viscoelastic fluids. The fluids are highly viscous to replicate the low Reynolds number environment of microorganisms. The helix, a macroscopic scale model for the bacterial flagellar filament, is rigid and rotated at a constant rate while simultaneously translated along its axis. By adjusting the translation speed to make the net hydrodynamic force vanish, we measure the force-free swimming speed as a function of helix rotation rate, helix geometry, and fluid properties. We compare our measurements of the force-free swimming speed of a helix in a high-molecular weight silicone oil with predictions for the swimming speed in a Newtonian fluid, calculated using slender-body theories and a boundary-element method. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment in the Newtonian case verifies the high accuracy of our experiments. For the viscoelastic fluid, we use a polymer solution of polyisobutylene dissolved in polybutene. This solution is a Boger fluid, a viscoselastic fluid with a shear-rate-independent viscosity. The elasticity is dominated by a single relaxation time. When the relaxation time is short compared to the rotation period, the viscoelastic swimming speed is close to the viscous swimming speed. As the relaxation time increases, the viscoelastic swimming speed increases relative to the viscous speed, reaching a peak when the relaxation time is comparable to the rotation period. As the relaxation time is further increased, the viscoelastic swimming speed decreases and eventually falls below the viscous swimming speed.
Abstract 609: Potential Role Of Adipose Derived Stem Cells In Attenuating Pulmonary Hypertension (2013)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating cardiopulmonary disorder, which often results in right heart failure. In spite of recent advancements in the pharmacotherapy of pulmonary hypertension, the mortality rate has not been significantly reduced. Recently stem cell therapy has gained more attention for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases. Despite the promising results shown by bone marrow derived stem cells in attenuating right heart failure in PH, it remains a highly invasive and laborious procedure. On the contrary, adipose derived stem cell (ADSC) presents a less complicated option. Therefore, we proposed to use ADSC in attenuating the progression of PH. Monocrotaline (MCT) at a 50 mg/kg dose was injected to eight-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce PH. Four weeks post MCT injection; animals developed PH with elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP, Control: 28.65±0.40; MCT: 78.06±6.4 mmHg; n=6-8), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH, Control; 0.22±0.005; MCT: 0.48±0.054 [ratio, AU]; n=6-8). ADSC (isolated from inguinal fat of healthy male rat) were characterized using flow cytometry (CD44 + , CD90 + , CD34 - and CD45 - ) and their differentiation to adipocyte was confirmed by Oil Red O staining. ADSCs (1x10 6 ; passage 2-4) were injected through the jugular vein, 14 days post MCT injection. After 2 weeks following ADSC therapy, RVSP (MCT+ADSC: 55.67±8.99 mmHg; n=6-8) and RVH (MCT+ADSC: 0.32±0.062 [AU]; n=6-8) was significantly reduced. Moreover, the elevated right ventricular end diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and ±dP/dT associated with PH were attenuated significantly in ADSC treated MCT animals. An additional group of animals received only the ADSC conditioned media (CM) from 1x10 6 cells. After 2 weeks of CM administration, RVSP (MCT+CM: 42.11±4.66 mmHg; n=5) and RVH (MCT+CM: 0.29±0.020 [AU]; n=5) was significantly reduced. Further, the RVEDP and ± dP/dT were also significantly reduced in CM treated MCT animals. Collectively, either ADSC or conditioned media alone can attenuate the progression of PH, which suggest that paracrine-like substances may be responsible for the beneficial effects observed and may be considered as a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of right heart failure.
Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients with Lung Cancer (2020)

There is currently a lack of pathologic data on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, or COVID-19, from autopsy or biopsy. Two patients who recently underwent lung lobectomies for adenocarcinoma were retrospectively found to have had COVID-19 at the time of surgery. These two cases thus provide important first opportunities to study the pathology of COVID-19. Pathologic examinations revealed that, apart from the tumors, the lungs of both patients exhibited edema, proteinaceous exudate, focal reactive hyperplasia of pneumocytes with patchy inflammatory cellular infiltration, and multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes were not prominent. Since both patients did not exhibit symptoms of pneumonia at the time of surgery, these changes likely represent an early phase of the lung pathology of COVID-19 pneumonia.
An efficient computational method and a VLSI architecture for digital filtering of CP-OFDM signals (2005)

This paper introduces an efficient computational technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based modem design with digital filters and discusses the corresponding VLSI architecture issues. General conditions are introduced, under which the proposed technique is applicable. The proposed technique is demonstrated by detailing the implementation of a 64-point, radix-4 pipelined FFT in combination with a parallel digital filter architecture. By exploiting the redundancy into the cyclic prefix part of the OFDM symbol, the computational load of the transmitter is reduced by 20% for cases of practical interest. The radix-r N-point FFT case is examined.
Heating techniques in hyperthermia (1981)

During the last decade there has been great interest in the use of hyperthermia in cancer therapy. The reasons why elevated temperatures, either alone or together with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, may prove useful have been the subjects of several recent reviews (Connor et al., 1977; Field and Bleehen, 1979).* Clinical applications of hyperthermia fall into two broad categories—whole-body and localized hyperthermia. During whole-body hyperthermia, which has been used on patients with advanced and widespread malignancies, core temperature is maintained at 41.8–42°C for a few hours. This appears to be the range of maximum tolerated temperatures; the organs which limit such treatment are the liver, which may be relatively sensitive to thermal damage, and the heart. Methods of inducing whole-body hyperthermia include the use of wax baths (Pettigrew et al., 1974), hot air cabinets (Pomp, 1978), water blankets (Barlogie et al., 1979) and space suits (Bull et al., 1979). Common features of these methods are the reduction of heat losses from the patient and the introduction of thermal energy into the body to enable the desired level of hyperthermia to be reached rapidly. The heating techniques and associated monitoring of temperature are relatively simple and no further comment on them will be made here. Local hyperthermia offers a wider range of therapeutic possibilities, especially if the temperature in a tumour can be maintained above that of surrounding normal tissue.
New Concepts in FFAG Design for Secondary Beam Facilities and Other Applications (2006)

Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerators offer much higher acceptances and repetition rates - and therefore higher beam intensities – than synchrotrons, at the cost of more complicated magnet and rf cavity designs. Perhaps because of the difficulty and expense anticipated, early studies never progressed beyond the stage of successful electron models, but in recent years, with improvements in magnet and rf design technology, FFAGs have become the focus of renewed attention. Two proton machines have now been built, and three more, plus a muon phase rotator, are under construction. In addition, more than 20 designs are under study for the acceleration of protons, heavy ions, electrons and muons, with applications as diverse as treating cancer, irradiating materials, driving subcritical reactors, boosting high-energy proton intensity, and producing neutrinos. Moreover, it has become apparent that FFAG designs need not be restricted to the traditional ' scaling' approach, in which the orbit shape, optics and tunes are kept fixed. Dropping this restriction has revealed a range of interesting new design possibilities. This paper will review the various approaches being taken.
EGFR and AKT1 overexpression are mutually exclusive and associated with a poor survival in resected gastric adenocarcinomas (2017)

EGFR is confirmed a poor prognostic factor in resected gastric cancers. We firstly describe a mutually exclusive overexpression of EGFR and AKT1 with potential prognostic implications, suggesting the relevance of this pathway for the growth of gastric cancers.
Audio reminders in the home environment (2007)

In this paper we report an experimental comparison between three different types of audio reminders in the home setting: speech, earcons, and a simple pager sound. We examine how quickly and accurately participants were able to interpret the reminders, and to what extent presentation of the reminders interfered with a digit span background task. In addition, a questionnaire was used to gather user preferences and attitudes towards the different types of reminders. Although participants perform best with speech reminders, there are large inter-subject differences in performance, and over 50% prefer non-speech audio reminders. The implications for the design and application of auditory interfaces for home-based reminder systems are discussed.
Parallel Text Identification Using Lexical and Corpus Features for the English-Maori Language Pair (2016)

Comparable corpora contain significant quantities of useful data for Natural Language Processing tasks, especially in the area of Machine Translation. They are mainly the source of parallel text fragments. This paper investigates how to effectively extract bilingual texts from comparable corpora relying on a small-size parallel training corpus. We propose a new technique to filter non parallel articles in Wikipedia based on Zipfian frequency distribution. We also use the SVM approach to find parallel chunks of text in a candidate comparable document. In our approach we use a parallel corpus to generate the required features for the training step. The evaluations of generated bilingual texts are promising.
Wavelength and spatial selectivity of volume holographic optical elements (2005)

We proposed a new model to analyze Bragg selectivity of volume holograms in spatial domain as well as in temporal domain. The applications of volume holographic filters to surface variation detection and high dense wavelength filtering are presented.
Dual circularly-polarized stacked patch antenna for GPS/SDMB (2008)

This paper proposes stacked dual-patch CP antenna for GPS and SDMB services. The characteristic of CP at dual-frequency bands is achieved with a circular patch truncated corners with ears at diagonal direction. According to the dimensions of the truncated corners as well as spacing between centers of the two via-holes, the axial ratio of the CP antenna can be controlled. The good return loss results were obtained both at GPS and SDMB bands. The measured gains of the antenna system are 2.3 dBi and 2.4 dBi in GPS and SDMB bands, respectively. The measured axial ratio is slightly shifted frequencies due to diameter variation of via-holes and the spacing between lower patch and upper patch. The proposed low profile, low-cost fabrication, dual circularly polarization, and separated excitation ports make the proposed stacked antenna an applicable solution as a multi-functional antenna for GPS and SDMB operation on vehicle.
Power-aware automatic constraint generation for FPGA based real-time video processing systems (2007)

The introduction of embedded DSP blocks and embedded memory has made FPGAs an attractive architecture for implementation of real-time video processing systems. The big bottle neck of the FPGA compared to other programmable architectures is the complex programming model. This paper presents an automatic generation of placement and routing constraints for FPGA implementation of real-time video processing systems as one step to automate the programming model. The constraint generator targets lower power consumption, better resource utilization and reduced development time. Results show that a 28% reduction in dynamic power can be achieved using the proposed approach over traditional logic to memory mapping.