gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antitumor activity of fluorine-substituted 4-amino-2(1H)-pyridinones and their nucleosides. 3-Deazacytosines (1987)

Novel fluorine-substituted deaza analogues of 5-azacytidine (AZC) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (dAZC) (3-deazacytosines) have been synthesized and tested for antitumor activity. Thus, 4-amino-3,5-difluoro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (16), 4-amino-3-fluoro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (17), 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (18), 4-amino-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,5-difluoro-2 (1H)-pyridinone (25), 4-amino-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3-fluoro-2(1H)-pyridin one (26) 4-amino-1-(2-deoxy-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,5-difluoro-2(1H)-++ +pyridinon e (27), and 4-amino-1-(2-deoxy-alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3-fluoro-2 (1H)-pyridinone (28) were prepared by standard glycosylation procedures. Requisite heterocycle 4-amino-3,5-difluoro-2(1H)-pyridinone (6) was prepared in five steps from pentafluoropyridine (1). Other requisite fluoro heterocycles, 4-amino-3-fluoro-2(1H)-pyridinone (7) and 4-amino-5-fluoro-2(1H)-pyridinone (8), were obtained from a bis-defluorination of 4-amino-3,5,6-trifluoro-2(1H)-pyridinone (3) with hydrazine. Acetylation of 17 provided 4-amino-3-fluoro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyrid inone (29). Structure proof of target nucleosides and heterocyclic compounds was provided by X-ray diffraction, 19F and 1H NMR, and UV. The ID50 values of fluorine-substituted 3-deazacytosines and 3-deazacytidines were greater than 1 X 10(-5) M in L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells in culture. Nucleoside 17 and its tri- and tetraacetates were the most active compounds with ID50 values of 1.07 X 10(-5), 1.23 X 10(-5), and 1.25 X 10(-5) M, respectively. The target nucleosides and intermediate heterocycles were inactive against P388 and L1210 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, except nucleoside 17 (NSC-378066) and its triacetate 29 (NSC-382021). Nucleoside 17 exhibited confirmed DN2 activity (% T/C 169-230) at five dose levels (25-300 mg/kg). Prodrug 29 exhibited similarly confirmed L1210 in vivo activity.
Gene Expression and Tibial Dyschondroplasia (2000)

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal deformity associated with rapid growth in a number of avian species. The disease is the result of a disruption in the cascade of events that occur in the epiphyseal growth plate. Whereas the incidence of TD is susceptible to genetic selection, no specific genetic defect has been identified. Although there are extensive data describing the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the lesion, the mechanism of lesion formation is unknown. However, naturally occurring or induced genetic mutations in other species can provide important clues to possible mechanisms responsible for lesion development. Disruption of normal chondrocyte differentiation by constitutive activation of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) receptor, inactivation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) receptor, and blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling all result in lesions that resemble TD. Impairment of vascular penetration due to the ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity also results in similar cartilage abnormalities. We have integrated these observations with our current knowledge of TD to describe a hypothesis for the sequence of events responsible for the development of tibial dyschondroplastic lesions.
Federated Learning With Soft Clustering (2021)

In this article, we consider the problem of federated learning (FL) with training data that are non independent and identically distributed (non-IID) across the clients. To cope with data heterogeneity, an iterative federated clustering algorithm (IFCA) has been proposed. IFCA partitions the clients into a number of clusters and lets the clients in the same cluster optimize a shared model. However, in IFCA, the clusters are nonoverlapping, which leads to an inefficient utilization of the local information since the knowledge of a client is used by only one cluster during each round. To capture the complex nature of real-world data, soft clustering methods with overlapping clusters have been proposed that attain superior performance over the hard ones. Motivated by this, we propose a new algorithm named FL with soft clustering (FLSC) by combining the strengths of soft clustering and IFCA, where the clients are partitioned into overlapping clusters and the information of each participating client is used by multiple clusters simultaneously during each round. The experimental results show that FLSC achieves better learning performance on the classification tasks on the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST data sets, compared with the state-of-the-art baseline methods, i.e., the global model method and IFCA.
An Automatic Detection Method for the Manual Correction of Speech Recognition Errors in Real-Time Captioning of News Reports (2003)

A speech recognition system with a manual error correction has been developed to produce closed captions in live broadcasting programs such as news programs. Speech recognition errors, however, are not corrected completely because the correctors often miss errors due to lack of care or successive erroneous words. In this paper, we propose a method that detects errors automatically to assist manual correction. A coustic parameters were extracted from both correct and erroneous results of all morphemes produced by speech recognition systems. Templates which can precisely distinguish between errors and correct results, were then constructed by genetic algorithms (GA) and discriminative training. Consequently, theerrors are detected by comparing the acoustic parameters of an unknown recognition result with the templates. Experiments have confirmed that presenting erroneous words by using the proposed method is effective for improving corrector error detection.
Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission (2000)

<title>Abstract</title> The first edition of this book was published in 1992 (see <italic>Helminthological Abstracts</italic> (1993) <italic>62</italic>, abstract 1457). This new enlarged edition includes additional relevant information from some 450 articles published between 1989 and 1998 (with a few from 1999), and some articles overlooked or unavailable for the first edition. The number of species covered has been increased by 34 (total now 595). As before, the book is in 2 parts, the Secernentea and Adenophorea, which are now regarded as classes rather than subclasses. The Secernentea covers the orders Rhabditida, Strongylida, Oxyurida, Ascaridida and Spirurida (suborders Camallanina and Spirurina), and the Adenophorea covers the order Enoplida, with the Dioctophymina and Trichinellina now treated as separate suborders. The aim of the book remains "to summarize and synthesize knowledge of the basic features of the development and transmission of parasitic nematodes of vertebrates, and to place this information in the context of the modern classification as found in the <italic>CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates</italic>" [but see the 2 departures from these keys as noted above]. Nematode parasites of humans, domestic animals and wildlife (including fish) are covered. Each chapter or part begins with an overview of the mode of feeding, habitat and life cycles of the group. This is followed by descriptions and illustrations of larval stages of named specific examples. The number of illustrations has been increased from 33 to 43. Comprehensive bibliographies appear at the end of the sections on each order or suborder.
Evaluation of preoperative criteria used to predict lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer (2010)

The six combined preoperative tests are useful in selecting patients without LN metastasis in endometrial cancer. Lymphadenectomy could be avoided in about 29% of patients with endometrial cancer who have no LN metastasis by using six combined preoperative tests.
Micellization behavior of π-shaped copolymers in a selective solvent: A Brownian dynamics simulation approach (2003)

Micellization for various types of π-shaped copolymers in a selective solvent (poor for backbone chain and good for graft chain) is investigated by using Brownian dynamics simulation. The architecture of starblock, regular π-shaped, and triblock copolymers are described in terms of the distance between junction points made by two branches and their micellization behaviors are compared with each other. It is observed that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of π-shaped copolymers increases in the order of starblock&amp;lt;triblock&amp;lt;regular π-shaped copolymer. The micellar properties reveal that micelle formation of regular π-shaped copolymer is more difficult than that of other π architectures. These simulation results qualitatively agree with the theoretical prediction formulated by the simple mean field theory.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropyranothiazoles via Azolium Enolate Intermediates (2017)

A highly diastereo- and enantiostereoselective synthesis of bicyclic dihydropyranothiazoles combining a thiazole and δ-lactone skeleton via NHC-catalyzed [4+2] annulation of 5-alkenylthiazolones and α-chloroaldehydes has been developed. The heterocyclic products are formed via azolium enolate intermediates in good yields with high diastereo- and enantistereoselectivities.
Optimizing magnetomotive contrast of SPIO-labeled platelets for thrombosis imaging in optical coherence tomography (2012)

Rehydratable, lyophilized platelets loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) has the potential to provide magnetomotive imaging contrast to sites of vascular damage, including thrombosis complicating atherosclerosis and hemorrhage. Magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MMOCT) contrasts SPIO-platelets based on their nanoscale, magnetically-induced motion. We report improvements in MMOCT imaging contrast and sensitivity by optimizing the magnetic properties and SPIO loading of the platelets. SPIO-platelets have been shown to specifically adhere to sites of vascular damage in porcine arteries ex vivo. This may lead to new methods for detecting internal bleeding and monitoring the formation of blood clots using infused SPIO-platelets.
Quaternion-Valued Echo State Networks (2014)

Quaternion-valued echo state networks (QESNs) are introduced to cater for 3-D and 4-D processes, such as those observed in the context of renewable energy (3-D wind modeling) and human centered computing (3-D inertial body sensors). The introduction of QESNs is made possible by the recent emergence of quaternion nonlinear activation functions with local analytic properties, required by nonlinear gradient descent training algorithms. To make QENSs second-order optimal for the generality of quaternion signals (both circular and noncircular), we employ augmented quaternion statistics to introduce widely linear QESNs. To that end, the standard widely linear model is modified so as to suit the properties of dynamical reservoir, typically realized by recurrent neural networks. This allows for a full exploitation of second-order information in the data, contained both in the covariance and pseudocovariances, and a rigorous account of second-order noncircularity (improperness), and the corresponding power mismatch and coupling between the data components. Simulations in the prediction setting on both benchmark circular and noncircular signals and on noncircular real-world 3-D body motion data support the analysis.
Solvent-dependent supramolecular assemblies of π-conjugated anion-responsive acyclic oligopyrroles (2011)

Amide-attached pyrrole-based π-conjugated anion receptors showed solvent-dependent assembled modes such as H-aggregates that were soluble in octane and highly organized structures that provided supramolecular gels in CH(2)Cl(2) and 1,4-dioxane in the absence of π-π stacking.
Reduced risk of breast cancer associated with recreational physical activity varies by HER2 status (2015)

Convincing epidemiologic evidence indicates that physical activity is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Whether this association varies by the tumor protein expression status of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), or p53 is unclear. We evaluated the effects of recreational physical activity on risk of invasive breast cancer classified by the four biomarkers, fitting multivariable unconditional logistic regression models to data from 1195 case and 2012 control participants in the population-based Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Self-reported recreational physical activity at different life periods was measured as average annual metabolic equivalents of energy expenditure [MET]-hours per week. Our biomarker-specific analyses showed that lifetime recreational physical activity was negatively associated with the risks of ER-positive (ER+) and of HER2-negative (HER2-) subtypes (both Ptrend ≤ 0.04), but not with other subtypes (all Ptrend > 0.10). Analyses using combinations of biomarkers indicated that risk of invasive breast cancer varied only by HER2 status. Risk of HER2-breast cancer decreased with increasing number of MET-hours of recreational physical activity in each specific life period examined, although some trend tests were only marginally statistically significant (all Ptrend ≤ 0.06). The test for homogeneity of trends (HER2- vs. HER2+ ) reached statistical significance only when evaluating physical activity during the first 10 years after menarche (Phomogeneity = 0.03). Our data suggest that physical activity reduces risk of invasive breast cancers that lack HER2 overexpression, increasing our understanding of the biological mechanisms by which physical activity acts.
Zinc and Iron Agronomic Biofortification of Brassicaceae Microgreens (2019)

Insufficient or suboptimal dietary intake of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) represent a latent health issue affecting a large proportion of the global population, particularly among young children and women living in poor regions at high risk of malnutrition. Agronomic crop biofortification, which consists of increasing the accumulation of target nutrients in edible plant tissues through fertilization or other eliciting factors, has been proposed as a short-term approach to develop functional staple crops and vegetables to address micronutrient deficiency. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the potential for biofortification of Brassicaceae microgreens through Zn and Fe enrichment. The effect of nutrient solutions supplemented with zinc sulfate (Exp-1; 0, 5, 10, 20 mg L−1) and iron sulfate (Exp-2; 0, 10, 20, 40 mg L−1) was tested on the growth, yield, and mineral concentration of arugula, red cabbage, and red mustard microgreens. Zn and Fe accumulation in all three species increased according to a quadratic model. However, significant interactions were observed between Zn or Fe level and the species examined, suggesting that the response to Zn and Fe enrichment was genotype specific. The application of Zn at 5 and 10 mg L−1 resulted in an increase in Zn concentration compared to the untreated control ranging from 75% to 281%, while solutions enriched with Fe at 10 and 20 mg L−1 increased Fe shoot concentration from 64% in arugula up to 278% in red cabbage. In conclusion, the tested Brassicaceae species grown in soilless systems are good targets to produce high quality Zn and Fe biofortified microgreens through the simple manipulation of nutrient solution composition.
Pruritic Scalp (2018)

ABSTRACT Teledermatology is a term to describe the provision of dermatologic medical services through telecommunication technology. This is a case of a pruritic scalp in a child.
Study on the Deferrization and Desalting for Crude Oils (2004)

Three high-iron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. Observations showed that ∼48%−75% of the iron in crude oil exists as organacid salts, and ∼6%−40% exists as an iron complex. Four deferric agents were synthesized for the testing. Deferric agents TE-3 and TE-4 of the polyamine carboxylate types had a better deferrization effect than TE-1 and TE-2 of the organophosphate types. In regard to the polyamine carboxylate type, TE-4 that was synthesized with polyamine yielded a better result than TE-3 that was synthesized with monoamine. The deferric agent TE-4 can remove most of the iron from crude oil, which decalcifying agents cannot do, and also can effectively remove calcium, sodium, and magnesium, as well as some of the nickel and vanadium. The addition of deferric agents did not affect the salt content of the oils in the desalting process. The dosage of deferric agent TE-4 had an optimal value, at which inorganic and organacid iron in high-iron crude oils could effectively be removed. The mechanism of deferrization also was discussed.
Phased subarray processing for underwater 3D acoustic imaging (2005)

3D sonar imaging using a fully-populated rectangular 2D array has many promising applications for underwater imaging. A primary limitation of such systems is the large number of parallel front-end hardware channels needed to process the signals in transmit and receive when using conventional full phased array imaging. A subaperture beam acquisition and image formation process is presented that significantly reduces the number of front-end hardware channels while achieving image quality approaching that of full phased array imaging. Rather than transmitting and receiving on all N/spl times/N transducer elements to form each beam, an M/spl times/M subset of elements - called a subarray - is used for each firing. The limited number of front-end processing channels are used to acquire data from each subarray. Switching hardware allows the subarray to be multiplexed across the full array. Due to the Nyquist sampling criteria in beamspace, the number of beams acquired by each subarray can be significantly reduced compared to the number required for the full array. The phased subarray processing includes beam upsampling, lateral interpolation with a subarray-dependent filter, and coherent weighting and summation of all subarray images to form a high resolution image. The phased array method achieves an image quality nearing that of full phased array imaging with significantly fewer processing channels, slightly reduced SNR, and roughly three times the number of firings for reasonable configurations.
Pulmonary function in sickle cell disease with or without acute chest syndrome (1998)

Recurrent acute chest syndrome (ACS) has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic lung dysfunction in sickle cell disease. To investigate this hypothesis, lung function tests were performed in 49 sickle cell disease outpatients whose condition was stable, including 23 patients with a history of two to four episodes of ACS (ACS+) and 26 with no history of ACS (ACS-). The two groups were comparable regarding the sex ratio, body mass index, smoking history, physical characteristics, clinical history and usual lung function tests. Respiratory resistance (Rrs), measured using the forced oscillation technique, increased with the number of ACS episodes (r=0.55, p<0.0001) and a significant relationship was observed between Rrs as an independent variable and the expiratory flow rates at 25, 50 and 25-75% of the forced vital capacity as explanatory variables (r= 0.36, p<0.02; r=0.35, p<0.02; and r=0.4, p<0.006, respectively), with higher Rrs being associated with lower expiratory flow rates. The transfer factor (TL,CO) and transfer coefficient (KCO) for CO were significantly higher in the ACS+ group than in the ACS-group (TL,CO=84+/-4 versus 71+/-3%, p<0.004 and KCO=102+/-5 versus 90+/-3%, p<0.05, respectively). The data demonstrate that obstructive lung dysfunction is fairly common in sickle cell disease and suggest that recurrent acute chest syndrome may contribute specific obstructive defects. The increase in respiratory resistance associated with acute chest syndrome was accompanied by an increase in diffusion capacity, suggesting that it may have been related to an increase in lung blood volume.
Novel Photovoltaic Hot-Spotting Fault Detection Algorithm (2019)

In this paper, a novel photovoltaic (PV) hot-spotting fault detection algorithm is presented. The algorithm is implemented using the analysis of 2580 polycrystalline silicon PV modules distributed across the U.K. The evaluation of the hot-spots is analyzed based on the cumulative density function (CDF) modeling technique, whereas the percentage of power loss (PPL) and PV degradation rate are used to categorize the hot-spots into eight different categories. Next, the implemented CDF models are used to predict possible PV hot-spots affecting the PV modules. The developed algorithm is evaluated using three different PV modules affected by three different hot-spots. Remarkably, the proposed CDF models precisely categorize the PV hot-spots with a high rate of accuracy of almost above 80%.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIIa (rFVIIa) ON TRANSFUSION REDUCTION IN ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLT) – A RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL. (2004)

O237 Aims: OLT patients are susceptible to massive blood loss during surgery. A correlation between blood transfusion and postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing OLT has been suggested. We studied the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa, administered immediately prior to and throughout surgery, on transfusion reduction in patients with Child-Pugh score B or C liver disease scheduled for primary OLT. Methods: In a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, eligible patients were randomly assigned on the day of surgery to receive rFVIIa (either 60 μg/kg or 120 μg/kg within 10 minutes prior to first skin cut with repeated dosing every 2 hours until 30 minutes prior to expected start of reperfusion of the transplanted liver, and an additional single dose at completion of surgery), or placebo. During surgery and the 24-hour postoperative period, the volume of blood products administered and blood loss were assessed. Results: 182 patients were analysed for efficacy and 183 for safety; there was no significant effect of rFVIIa on the amount of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused or intraoperative blood loss compared with the placebo group. However, of the 179 patients who completed the study, a significantly higher number of patients in the rFVIIa groups avoided RBC transfusion (placebo: 0/61 (0%); 60 μg/kg rFVIIa: 6/62 (10%); 120 μg/kg rFVIIa: 4/56 (7%); p<0.03). The number of thromboembolic events did not differ significantly between the placebo and rFVIIa groups. Conclusions: Use of rFVIIa during OLT reduced the number of patients requiring RBC transfusion. No increase in the incidence of thromboembolic complications was observed for the rFVIIa groups compared with placebo. These observations need further investigation.