gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress release structures for actuator beams with a stress gradient (2007)

Stress release structures are introduced in fixed–fixed beams or membranes for releasing average stress. The influence of a stress gradient on the initial deformation of a fixed–fixed beam with stress release structures is studied in this paper. The objective is to obtain actuator beams that are insensitive to both the average stress and the stress gradient. The target application for the actuator beam in this study is a surface micromachined variable capacitor with a fixed electrode at the center of the beam. An analytical one-dimensional model is derived which predicts the initial deflection of a fixed–fixed beam with one stress release structure at any location and with two stress release structures, placed symmetrically with respect to the center of the beam at any location. The initial center deflection of the beam with one stress release structure was found from the analytical modeling to be zero for a specific set of parameters, but a negative deflection is always present for this specific configuration, leading to beams that touch the substrate at undesired positions, which implies non-functional devices. The configuration with the two symmetrically placed stress release structures can have zero initial center deflection, according to the analytical model, when the stress release structures are placed at a distance of a quarter of the beam length from the anchor points. Finite-element simulations are performed for both configurations and validate the theory. Deviations from the assumed model result in small initial center deflections, but can be compensated for by a little shift of the stress release structures. Experiments are performed for less ideal configurations with two stress release structures where they are shaped as round meanders. These structures do not fully release the stress and the center deflection therefore depends on the average stress to some extent, as demonstrated by finite element simulations. However, the location can be chosen such that there is an initial center deflection that is close to zero. These experiments are, therefore, in qualitative agreement with the analytical model.
Polysaccharides of Algae. 48. Polysaccharide Composition of Several Calcareous Red Algae: Isolation of Alginate from Corallina pilulifera P. et R. (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) (1995)

Article Polysaccharides of Algae. 48. Polysaccharide Composition of Several Calcareous Red Algae: Isolation of Alginate from Corallina pilulifera P. et R. (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Botanica Marina (volume 38, issue 1-6).
Repurposing Oxiconazole against Colorectal Cancer via PRDX2-mediated Autophagy Arrest (2022)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet successful treatment still remains a challenge. In this study, we found that oxiconazole (OXI), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, exhibits certain anti-tumor effect against CRC. Autophagy arrest and subsequent apoptosis are characterized as pivotal events involving OXI-induced growth suppression of CRC cells. Mechanistically, OXI downregulates the protein levels of peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), an antioxidant enzyme, for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxication, to initiate autophagy by inactivating the Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibiting RAB7A-mediated fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, which lead to extreme accumulation of autophagosomes and subsequent growth suppression of CRC cells. Consistently, interfering with autophagy or overexpressing PRDX2 significantly impedes OXI-induced growth suppression of CRC cells. Moreover, OXI plus oxaliplatin, a mainstay drug for CRC treatment, achieves an improved anti-tumor effect. Taken together, our findings bring novel mechanistic insights into OXI-induced autophagy arrest and the growth inhibitory effect on CRC cells, and suggest a promisingly therapeutic role of OXI for CRC treatment.
Measurement of the top quark mass using proton-proton data at(s)=7and 8 TeV (2016)

p s 7 and 8 TeV V. Khachatryan et al.
An Indexing Network: Model and Applications (2014)

Internet data are heterogeneous, redundant, disordered, and exponentially growing. Finding the right information from them becomes an ever-challenging issue. Existing technologies such as inverted index and keyword matching can list user webpage matching with given search keywords. They cannot recognize potential relations among webpages to meet some rising user needs, e.g., exploratory search and personalized search. We propose an indexing network model that organizes information in webpages at three levels: words, webpages, and categories, thereby leading to a semantic association graph. Words are used as the description of webpages and categories. Webpage classification is used to gather similar webpages together. Hyperlinks imply the wisdom of the webpage creator, which can help us generate semantic relations among categories. With a clear organizational structure, an indexing network can provide support for many important applications including intelligent information retrieval, recommendation and decision support. In order to provide access to interfaces for the proposed indexing network, an indexing network algebra is defined. Finally, to validate the proposed model, an indexing network is generated based on 30 million webpages and its structure is analyzed. We also give methods to achieve “browsing navigation” and “personalized search” based on the generated network. Results reveal that the use of an indexing network can greatly facilitate exploratory information retrieval and personalized search.
DRIVER WORKSPACE STATE-OF-THE-ART ANALYSIS (1975)

This study was conducted to determine the merits of using a fixed-seat, adjustable controls concept to provide adequate driver accomodation in production-type automobiles. It was concluded that the concept not only is feasible but that it offers certain crashworthiness and probable cost advantages compared with current adjustable seat concepts. Although either concept could provide adequate driver accomodation, certain constraints on styling are needed in order that each realize its maximum benefit. While complete adjustment flexibility of both seat and controls may provide maximum optimization of the driver workplace, such an arrangement would not be cost-effective and there is no assurance that drivers might not mis-use the capability to their own detriment. A completely fixed seat plus an adjustable pedal assembly appears to offer maximum cost/operability benefits. However this approach requires considerable control over other vehicle characteristics and therefore should be studied in greater detail using mockups and live subjects to determine interaction with various vehicle models and styling. /NHTSA/
Parabolic Flights (2022)

Aircraft parabolic flights are useful for performing short-duration scientific and technological experiments in reduced gravity. Their principal value is in the verification tests that can be conducted prior to space experiments in order to improve their quality and success rate, and after a space mission to confirm (or invalidate) results obtained from space experiments. Parabolic flight experiments might also be sufficient as stand-alone, addressing a specific issue.
Stability and control of compressible flows over a surface with concave-conves curvature (1986)

The active control of spatially unstable disturbances in a laminar, two-dimensional, compressible boundary layer over a curved surface is numerically simulated. The control is effected by localized time-periodic surface heating. We consider two similar surfaces of different heights with concave-convex curvature. In one, the height is sufficiently large so that the favorable pressure gradient is sufficient to stabilize a particular disturbance. In the other case the pressure gradient induced by the curvature is destabilizing. It is shown that by using active control that the disturbance can be stabilized. The results demonstrate that the curvature induced mean pressure gradient significantly enhances the receptivity of the flow localized time-periodic surface heating and that this is a potentially viable mechanism in air.
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 affects both trophoblast and non-trophoblast lineage-associated gene expression in human embryonic stem cells (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can be induced to differentiate to trophoblast by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and by aggregation to form embryoid bodies (EB), but there are many differences and controversies regarding the nature of the differentiated cells. Our goals herein were to determine if BG02 cells form trophoblast-like cells (a) in the presence of BMP4-plus-basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and (b) upon EB formation, and (c) whether the BMP4 antagonist noggin elicits direct effects on gene expression and hormone production in the cells. Transcriptome profiling of hESC incubated with BMP4/FGF-2 showed a down-regulation of pluripotency-associated genes, an up-regulation of trophoblast-associated genes, and either a down-regulation or no change in gene expression for many markers of the three embryonic germ layers. Yet, there was up-regulation of several genes associated with mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm, strongly suggesting that differentiation to trophoblast-like cells under the conditions used does not yield a homogeneous cell type. Several genes, heretofore unreported, were identified that are altered in hESC in response to BMP4-mediated differentiation. The production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estradiol in the differentiated cells confirmed that trophoblast-like cells were obtained. Gene expression by EB was characterized by an up-regulation of a number of genes associated with trophoblast, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, and the production of hCG and progesterone confirmed that trophoblast-like cells were formed. These results suggest that, in the presence of FGF-2, BG02 cells respond to BMP4 to yield trophoblast-like cells, which are also obtained upon EB formation. Thus, BMP4-mediated differentiation of hESC represents a viable cell system for studying early developmental events post-implantation; however, up-regulation of non-trophoblast genes suggests a somewhat diverse response to BMP4/FGF-2. Noggin altered the transcription of a limited number of genes but, not surprisingly, did not lead to secretion of hormones.
Evolution and Sequence Diversity of FhuA in Salmonella and Escherichia (2018)

The <i>fhuACDB</i> operon, present in a number of <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, encodes components essential for the uptake of ferric hydroxamate type siderophores. FhuA acts not only as a transporter for physiologically important chelated ferric iron but also as a receptor for various bacteriophages, toxins, and antibiotics, which are pathogenic to bacterial cells. In this research, <i>fhuA</i> gene distribution and sequence diversity were investigated in <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, especially <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia</i> Comparative sequence analysis resulted in a <i>fhuA</i> phylogenetic tree that did not match the expected phylogeny of species or trees of the <i>fhuCDB</i> genes. The <i>fhuA</i> sequences showed a unique mosaic clustering pattern. On the other hand, the gene sequences showed high conservation for strains from the same serovar or serotype. In total, six clusters were identified from FhuA proteins in <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia</i>, among which typical peptide fragment variations could be defined. Six fragmental insertions/deletions and two substitution fragments were discovered, for which the combination of polymorphism patterns could well classify the different clusters. Structural modeling demonstrated that all the six featured insertions/deletions and one substitution fragment are located at the apexes of the long loops present as part of the FhuA external pocket. These frequently mutated regions are likely under high selection pressure, with bacterial strains balancing escape from phage infection or toxin/antibiotics attack via <i>fhuA</i> gene mutations while maintaining the siderophore uptake activity essential for bacterial survival. The unusual <i>fhuA</i> clustering suggests that high-frequency exchange of <i>fhuA</i> genes has occurred between enterobacterial strains after distinctive species were established.
β-Catenin Activation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Pterygium (2007)

EMT of basal epithelial cells may play a key role in the pathogenesis of pterygium.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Brain Abnormalities in Fetuses with Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate (2010)

The possibility of brain anomalies should be assessed in a fetus found to have CL/P or CP by sonography and/or MRI. Central nervous system imaging and careful neurodevelopmental follow-up is indicated in these infants.
Exploiting Social Navigation (2014)

We present an effective Sybil attack against social location based services. Our attack is based on creating a large number of reputed "bot drivers", and controlling their reported locations using fake GPS reports. We show how this attack can be used to influence social navigation systems by applying it to Waze - a prominent social navigation application used by over 50 million drivers. We show that our attack can fake traffic jams and dramatically influence routing decisions. We present several techniques for preventing the attack, and show that effective mitigation likely requires the use of additional carrier information.
Chromatin structure, epigenetic mechanisms and long‐range interactions in the human insulin locus (2012)

Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is largely dependent on variations in chromatin structure. More recently, it has become clear that this may involve not only local chromatin organization but also distant regulatory elements that participate in large-scale chromatin architecture within the nucleus. We describe recent methods that make possible the detection of such structures and apply them to analysis of the human insulin (INS) locus in pancreatic islets. We show that the INS gene is part of an extended 'open' chromatin domain that includes adjacent genes as well. We also find that in islets, the INS promoter is in physical contact with distant sites on the same human chromosome and notably, with the SYT8 gene, located nearly 300 kb away. The strength of the contact between INS and SYT8 is increased by glucose, and this results in stimulation of SYT8 expression. Inhibition of INS transcription decreases SYT8 expression. Furthermore, downregulation of SYT8 results in decreased secretion of insulin. Our results thus establish the existence of a regulatory network between the INS gene and other distant genes through long-range physical interactions, and suggest that such networks may have general importance for insulin biology and diabetes.
Development of circuit integrated monolithic SOI-SiPM for radiation detection (2020)

A prototype of the 250-μm pitch 8 × 8 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array was designed and fabricated by the 0.2 μm 5-metal Silicon on Insulator (SOI)-CMOS technology aiming at the monolithic integration of sensors and front-end electronics. The SOI technology enables the 3D integration of electronics without a mechanical bonding that allows the pixel size refinement, the backside illumination, and the improved electronics performance. The signal of SiPM is processed by the front-end electronics, which consists of a preamplifier, a shaper, and four discriminators. The design modification to sensors and the performance evaluations of the sensors and front-end electronics are reported in this paper.
Devil is in the detail—how to critically analyze studies designed to assess effectiveness of topical antibiotics in preventing sternal wound infections? (2019)

Sternal wound infections (SWIs), however rare, pose as important predictor of mortality and reduced long-term life expectancy after heart surgery and in particular coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ( Figure 1 ) (1).
Influence of grain source on ruminal characteristics and rate, site, and extent of digestion in beef steers. (1999)

Six cannulated Salers steers (305 +/- 17 kg initial BW) were used in a double 3 x 3 Latin square design to compare the effects of the nature of the cereal (wheat vs corn) and the corn genotype (dent vs flint) on rate, site, and extent of digestion of high-concentrate diets. The cereals were coarsely cracked, and the diets were balanced to have the same percentage of starch (47.7 +/- 2.3%) and CP (14.6 +/- .7%). Differences in ruminal starch digestion were observed between wheat- and corn-based diets (86.6 vs 47.8%; P < .001) and between corn genotypes (60.8 vs 34.8% for dent and flint corns; P < .001). For flint corn, more than half the starch was digested in the hindgut. Total tract digestion of starch was greater (P < .001) by steers fed wheat than by those fed corn and did not differ (P > .1) between the two corn genotypes. Ruminal mean pH (P < .01) was lower and total VFA concentration (P < .1) was higher for wheat- than for corn-based diets. Ruminal acetate:propionate tended to increase with the decrease in the amount of starch degraded in the rumen, but differences were not significant (P > .1). When wheat replaced corn, nonammonia, nonmicrobial N duodenal flow decreased (P < .01), and microbial duodenal flow increased (P < .05), so there were no differences in the duodenal flow of nonammonia N duodenal flow (P > .1). The lower nonammonia N duodenal flow for the dent corn- than for the flint corn-based diet (P < .05) was related to a lower passage of nonammonia, nonmicrobial N into the duodenum. Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was inversely correlated with the amount of starch degraded in the rumen. Nature of the cereal, wheat vs corn, and genotype of the corn, dent vs flint, alter the site and extent of starch digestion.
Juvenile polyposis diagnosed with an integrated histological, immunohistochemical and molecular approach identifying new SMAD4 pathogenic variants (2022)

Juvenile polyposis (JP) is a rare familial syndrome characterized by the development of numerous hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract and by an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers. It follows a pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance and is associated with germline variants of SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes. Differential diagnosis may be difficult based on histology alone, due to morphological similarities to other familial syndromes. Here we report a case of familial JP diagnosed in a 50-years woman with a familial history positive for gastrointestinal cancers and other tumor types. The patient presented with severe iron deficiency anemia and showed numerous polyps in the stomach and jejunum according to endoscopy and imaging. She underwent an intra-gastric laparoscopic removal of the major gastric polyp, followed by jejunal exploration and resection of a segment with multiple neoformations. Histological examination revealed the presence of hamartomatous polyposis. Gastric and intestinal samples were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. Molecular analysis showed that the patient harbored a germline splicing site variant of SMAD4, c.1139 + 3A > G, which was complemented by different somatic variants of the same gene in the different polyps. Immunohistochemistry for SMAD4 confirmed loss of protein expression in the polyps, with regular expression in normal cells. cDNA sequencing further confirmed the findings. We thus definitively diagnosed the woman as having JP thanks to an integrated approach based on histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. The identified variants, all previously reported as variants of unknown significance, were classified as pathogenic as they complemented each other leading to SMAD4 loss.
Characterization of antibodies to the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchors of mammalian proteins (1991)

Two polyclonal antisera were raised in rabbits to the phospholipase C-solubilized forms of pig renal dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11) and pig aminopeptidase P (EC 3.4.11.9). These antisera were purified and shown to cross-react with other glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (G-PI)-anchored proteins isolated from pig, human and trypanosomes. The epitopes involved in this cross-reactivity were characterized by Western-blot analysis after mild acid or nitrous acid treatment of the G-PI-anchored proteins and by a competitive e.l.i.s.a. with other G-PI-anchored proteins and individual components of the anchor structure. These studies revealed that the primary epitope for both antisera is the inositol 1.2-(cyclic)monophosphate that is formed on phospholipase C cleavage of the intact G-PI anchor. Other minor epitopes, such as phosphoethanolamine, probably involve side-chain modifications to the core anchor structure that may be species-specific.
Levels of Surfactant-Associated Protein Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Rabbit Lung during Perinatal Development and after Hormonal Treatment* (1991)

The levels of messenger RNAs for the surfactant-associated proteins, SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C, have been examined in the developing rabbit lung in vivo. Northern blot analysis detected SP-C mRNA by day 22 of gestation (term 31 days) and SP-A mRNA and SP-B mRNA on day 26, while solution hybridization assays detected all three mRNAs on day 22 of gestation. Both techniques revealed that the mRNA levels increased rapidly during the last quarter of gestation. The mRNA levels determined by solution hybridization were highly correlated during development, with average molar ratios of 1.0:1.1:2.1 for SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C, respectively. We also examined the effect of accelerating fetal pulmonary maturation by maternal administration of either 17 beta-estradiol or betamethasone (9 alpha-fluoro-16 beta-methylprednisolone) on day 26 of gestation. These treatments increased SP-A mRNA levels 8- to 12-fold, resulting in levels 3- to 4-fold greater than in the adult. SP-B mRNA levels increased by approximately 2-fold to near adult levels, while SP-C mRNA was lowered somewhat by 17 beta-estradiol and significantly to less than half by betamethasone. No differences in the levels of surfactant apoprotein mRNAs or in choline incorporation into total or disaturated phosphatidylcholine were noted between male and female fetuses. These observations are consistent with the accepted view that the genes for the surfactant-associated proteins are independently regulated. However, the various factors affecting these mRNAs result in a coordination of mRNA levels during normal perinatal development.
FIBRONECTIN: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE IN WOUND HEALING (1990)

Several recent reports suggest a therapeutic role for topical application of autologous fibronectin in promoting healing of chronic skin and corneal ulcers. Fibronectin assists in wound healing by contributing to haemostasis, assisting in control of infection and debridement of wounds, and promoting re-epithelialisation, granulation tissue and ultimately a connective tissue of adequate tensile strength to repair the skin defect. The potential for fibronectin to be a therapeutic adjunct demands a close understanding of its structural and functional properties, and such knowledge, particularly emerging from research reported in the last five years, is reviewed.
Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of β-Amino Alcohols (2002)

[reaction: see text] Methods for synthesizing N-aryl beta-amino alcohols and O-aryl beta-amino alcohols are described. The presence of a neighboring hydroxyl or amino group, respectively, is thought to activate beta-amino alcohols toward these transformations. These protocols significantly increase access to a variety of arylated beta-amino alcohols.