gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of drug confinement into silica mesoporous matrices by STEM spherical aberration corrected microscopy (2010)

For the first time it has been possible to detect drug molecules confined into the inner part of pore channels of ordered mesoporous materials. This has been possible using spherical aberration correctors incorporated to a STEM microscope, which allows illuminating an individual atom with the electron beam to identify an unknown substance.
A convolutional neural network for fast upsampling of undersampled tomograms in X-ray CT time-series using a representative highly sampled tomogram (2019)

X-ray computed tomography and, specifically, time-resolved volumetric tomography data collections (4D datasets) routinely produce terabytes of data, which need to be effectively processed after capture. This is often complicated due to the high rate of data collection required to capture at sufficient time-resolution events of interest in a time-series, compelling the researchers to perform data collection with a low number of projections for each tomogram in order to achieve the desired `frame rate'. It is common practice to collect a representative tomogram with many projections, after or before the time-critical portion of the experiment without detrimentally affecting the time-series to aid the analysis process. For this paper these highly sampled data are used to aid feature detection in the rapidly collected tomograms by assisting with the upsampling of their projections, which is equivalent to upscaling the θ-axis of the sinograms. In this paper, a super-resolution approach is proposed based on deep learning (termed an upscaling Deep Neural Network, or UDNN) that aims to upscale the sinogram space of individual tomograms in a 4D dataset of a sample. This is done using learned behaviour from a dataset containing a high number of projections, taken of the same sample and occurring at the beginning or the end of the data collection. The prior provided by the highly sampled tomogram allows the application of an upscaling process with better accuracy than existing interpolation techniques. This upscaling process subsequently permits an increase in the quality of the tomogram's reconstruction, especially in situations that require capture of only a limited number of projections, as is the case in high-frequency time-series capture. The increase in quality can prove very helpful for researchers, as downstream it enables easier segmentation of the tomograms in areas of interest, for example. The method itself comprises a convolutional neural network which through training learns an end-to-end mapping between sinograms with a low and a high number of projections. Since datasets can differ greatly between experiments, this approach specifically develops a lightweight network that can easily and quickly be retrained for different types of samples. As part of the evaluation of our technique, results with different hyperparameter settings are presented, and the method has been tested on both synthetic and real-world data. In addition, accompanying real-world experimental datasets have been released in the form of two 80 GB tomograms depicting a metallic pin that undergoes corruption from a droplet of salt water. Also a new engineering-based phantom dataset has been produced and released, inspired by the experimental datasets.
Capacitive Sensing for a Gripper With Gecko-Inspired Adhesive Film (2019)

We present a capacitive sensor suitable for a gripper that uses thin films of gecko-inspired adhesives. The sensor is fabricated directly on the films and measures the area over which the adhesive makes intimate contact. In experiments, a new underactuated gripper uses adhesive films to acquire and hold objects having a variety of shapes and textures. Using the adhesive films, the gripper achieves 2.6 × greater pullout force on rough surfaces as compared to using soft rubber. For a good grip, as the applied load increases, the films adhere more tightly to object surfaces and the local capacitance increases at contact regions. With six taxels per finger, the sensor can also detect whether the contact pattern of a grasp matches the expectations.
Comparison of tunnel junctions for cascaded InAs/GaSb superlattice light emitting diodes (2012)

Tunnel junctions in cascaded structures must provide adequate barriers to prevent carriers from leaking from one emission region to the next without first recombining radiatively, while at the same time remain low in tunneling resistance for current recycling. In this study, a variety of tunnel junction designs are compared in otherwise identical four stage InAs/GaSb superlattice light emitting diodes, which past studies have found hole confinement to be problematic. Here we used GaSb on the p-side of the junction, while varying materials on the n-side. The authors find Al0.20In0.80As0.73Sb0.27 tunnel junctions function best due to the low set of the conduction band; Ga0.75In0.25As0.23Sb0.77 also works well, though is more resistive due to a reduced set of the conduction band; and GaSb, while giving good hole confinement, results in a very resistive junction. Graded superlattice junctions can also work well, though they show sensitivity to doping levels, and present some challenges in growing strain-free.
Cryptcoding : encryption and error-correction coding in a single step (2006)

Abstract. In this paper we re-open a 25 years old question of joint encryption and error-correction coding, named here as Cryptcoding. Cryptcoding is a procedure in which encryption/decryption and error-correction coding/decoding are performed in a single step. We discuss the advantages of this approach over the traditional First-Encrypt-Then-Encode approach. To our knowledge only three different realizations of cryptcoding can be found in literature: the McEliece’s public key encryption system using Goppa codes, the Kak’s joint encryption and error-correction coding using D-sequences and the recently developed quasigroup random error-correcting codes. We briefly discuss the first two and mainly focus on the last one. We give two examples in which cryptcoding is efficiently employed for secure document management. 3 Key words: cryptography, error-correction, secure document management. 1
Genome Plasticity a Key Factor in the Success of Polyploid Wheat Under Domestication (2007)

Wheat was domesticated about 10,000 years ago and has since spread worldwide to become one of the major crops. Its adaptability to diverse environments and end uses is surprising given the diversity bottlenecks expected from recent domestication and polyploid speciation events. Wheat compensates for these bottlenecks by capturing part of the genetic diversity of its progenitors and by generating new diversity at a relatively fast pace. Frequent gene deletions and disruptions generated by a fast replacement rate of repetitive sequences are buffered by the polyploid nature of wheat, resulting in subtle dosage effects on which selection can operate.
Drift from Field Crop Sprayers using an Integrated Approach: Results of a 5 Year Study (2010)

Spray drift continues to be a major problem in applying agricultural pesticides. This paper summarizes the results of a 5 year study about drift from field crop sprayers using a unique integrated approach.
Immersive Virtual Custom-made Model House (2008)

Putting a high value on individual preferences is a modern trend that more and more companies are considering for their product design and development and the apartment design is not an exception. Most apartments today are built using similar design with no room for customization. People in general want their tastes to be reflected in the design of their apartment. However, delivering what customers like to the construction company may not be an easy task in practice. For this reason, an intuitive and effective medium between the company and customers for effective communication is needed to ameliorate such a difficulty and in response to this necessity, we developed a test platform for the virtual model house which provides a user with the customization of the apartment using haptic interactions. In our virtual environment, a user can explore an apartment and change the interior based on their taste and feel through intuitive haptic interactions.
Improving throughput and maintaining fairness using parallel TCP (2005)

Applications that require good network performance often use parallel TCP streams and TCP modifications to improve the effectiveness of TCP. If the network bottleneck is fully utilized, this approach boosts throughput by unfairly stealing bandwidth from competing TCP streams. Improving the effectiveness of TCP is easy, but improving effectiveness while maintaining fairness is difficult. In this paper, we describe an approach we implemented that uses a long virtual round trip time in combination with parallel TCP streams to improve effectiveness on underutilized networks. Our approach prioritizes fairness at the expense of effectiveness when the network is fully utilized. We compared our approach with standard parallel TCP over a wide-area network, and found that our approach preserves effectiveness and is fairer to competing traffic than standard parallel TCP.
Direct Ink Writing of Touch Sensors and Displays (2023)

The recent advent of additive manufacturing methods opens up new possibilities for flexible optoelectronics manufacture. Among these methods direct ink writing (DIW), which was patented as a deposition/patterning approach at Sandia Labs in 1996, has gained increased interest for utilization in display and touchscreen manufacturing. This chapter discusses some notable, recent, examples of ink formulation and post-processing approaches as well as DIW of display and touch sensor components/devices. It presents current opportunities while pointing at future directions for further utilizing this versatile direct-write assembly approach. DIW of flexible displays and touchscreens is in its infancy but the lithography-free alternative has already exhibited potential for further exploration and utilization. Further developments may focus on ink-development studies, DIW equipment design and development, and quantification of printability.
In-Situ Gas Analysis of Sodium Nickel Manganese Oxide Cathodes Synthesized By Eutectic Method (2022)

Sodium-ion batteries are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems because of their abundant and low-cost component materials. However, the lower energy density of sodium-ion batteries compared with lithium-ion batteries diminishes their practical value proposition. Among the many sodium-based cathodes, layered transition metal oxides with high sodium content can achieve energy densities comparable with the lithium-ion battery technology. For some layered transition metal oxide cathodes, when they are charged to above 4 V, a long plateau is often observed before they reach to fully charged state, which involves structural transformations that lead to irreversible reactions. Apart from structural transformations, lattice oxygen anion redox has also been proposed as a mechanism from both experimental results such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering studies and simulation efforts. Reversible lattice oxygen anion redox is often accompanied by the generation of peroxo (O 2 2- ) or superoxo (O 2- ) related species. Irreversible lattice oxygen anion redox is often accompanied by the generation of molecular O 2 , along with transition metal ion migration, lattice distortion, and rapid capacity decay. In this work, in-situ gas analysis was performed to evaluate the gas generation in Na x Ni y Mn 1-y O 2 cathodes synthesized by eutectic method in sodium half-cell configuration. Operando x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction were performed to assess the structural changes related to the high voltage plateau and transition metal ion migration in Na x Ni y Mn 1-y O 2 cathodes. The results unveil that in-plane honeycomb cationic ordering can help reduce the activity of irreversible oxygen anion redox which is critical for future design of layered transition metal oxide cathode that are prone to achieve high-energy for durable sodium-ion batteries.
Behavioral model of a self-mixing laser diode sensor (2005)

The spectral properties of a laser diode are modified when the optical beam is back-scattered into the active cavity of the laser. Based on the use of this optical feedback, the self-mixing effect has been demonstrated to be suitable for sensing applications. This is an emerging technique enabling notably displacement, distance and/or velocity measurements to be performed. However, the self-mixing signal shape is strongly modified by the strength of the back-scattering and by nonlinear phenomena governing the global behavior of the laser diode. This makes signal processing rather challenging. In this paper, a new high-level model is proposed to represent the self-mixing phenomenon and to simplify the solution of nonlinear equations involved in this problem. This model is represented by schematic block diagrams commonly used for the description of complex systems in the domains of nonlinear mechanics, telecommunications, sensors, actuators, etc. This approach will allow the use of powerful and standard simulation tools such as Spice, VHDL-AMS or MATLAB/Simulink to develop new methods for signal processing of optical feedback interferometers, notably in the case of displacements measurements.
Design and Analysis of Super-Wide Bandpass Filters Using a Novel Compact Meta-Structure (2007)

This paper presents a novel compact meta-structure, which is characterized by left-handed properties. In the novel structure, two linear arrays of metallic vias and short-stub inductors are used to generate shunt inductors besides the series interdigital capacitors. Compared with conventional composite right/left-handed transmission-line structures, the new structure has weaker coupling to other components and is easily controlled by adjusting the shunt inductance and series capacitance to produce different left-handed properties. Due to the isolation of two via arrays, the proposed structure can also be transplanted directly from the microstrip system to the coplanar-waveguide system. We have proposed an efficient procedure to retrieve the equivalent propagating modes for both forward and backward waves based on the matrix pencil method, which provides an easy way to study the propagation characteristics. Using such a meta-structure, a series of super-wide bandpass filters are designed and fabricated at different frequency bands. Good agreements between simulation and experiment results have been achieved, and good performance in passbands and stopbands has been observed with a relative 3-dB bandwidth larger than 70%. For easy design of such super-wide bandpass filters, an experienced formula is given between the physical size and the center frequency of the 3-dB passband, which can be used to redesign any filters at other frequency bands
High Spatial Resolution Analytical Investigation of InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots (2000)

Abstract The improvement of growth techniques in the characterization of semiconductor nanostructures, has recently resulted in the realization of quasi-zero dimensional semi-conducting devices (quantum dots) of excellent performances and of reproducible quality (1,2). The design and fabrication of these devices strongly depends on the ability to control parameters that influence the quantum confinement namely the shape, dimension and size distribution of the dots. High spatial resolution structural and analytical techniques are crucial to obtain nanoscale information about the shape of the dots, the structural and chemical abruptness of the interfaces, and the composition of the dots (3). In this paper we show the results of a structural and chemical characterization of In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum dots grown by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) on a (100) GaAs substrate. The growth was performed in a horizontal LP-MOCVD system (AIXTRON 200 AIX).
Intrinsic Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrinsic Viscosity and Kinematic ViscosityCharles TanfordCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1955, 59, 8, 798–799Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150530a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j150530a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views916Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Treatment of B-Lymphocyte Malignancies with 131|-Lym-1 and 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 and Opportunities for Improvement (2018)

The malignant cells should also be highly radiosensitive. B-Lymphocyte malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemias, seemed to satisfy these criteria. Lym-1 is an IgG2a immunoglobulin originally induced in mice by immunization with cells that originated from a patient with African Burkitt's lymphoma. This antibody reacts with malignant tissues from almost all patients with B-lymphocyte non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and with slightly less than half of malignant tissues from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Radioiodination of Lym-1 was accomplished using chloramine T and high specific radioactivity sodium-iodide I. Cu-2IT-BAT was prepared using iminothiolane to conjugate TETA, a macrocycle, to Lym-1 to provide Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1. Using 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1, imaging studies in patients were superb because the photons of 67Cu are similar to those of 99mTc. Blood clearance of 67Cu-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 was similar to that of mI-Lym-1. There are opportunities for improving upon these promising results.
Activation of the respiratory burst enzyme from human neutrophils in a cell-free system. Evidence for a soluble cofactor. (1985)

Activation of the respiratory burst in phagocytic cells, an important host defense process, is not yet well understood. We now report the development of a cell-free system for activation of NADPH oxidase, the respiratory burst enzyme, in human neutrophils. Activation was achieved by the addition of arachidonic acid to a postnuclear supernatant (500 g) from disrupted unstimulated cells (no arachidonate, 0.2; with arachidonate, 3.4 nmol superoxide anion/min per mg) and was dependent on both the concentration of arachidonate and on the amount of cellular material present. Activity stimulated by arachidonate appeared to be NADPH oxidase based on a Michaelis constant for NADPH of 32 microM and a pH optimum of 7.0-7.5. Separation of the 500-g supernatant by high speed centrifugation revealed a requirement for both soluble and particulate cofactors. Activation of NADPH oxidase by arachidonate did not occur in the high speed pellet fraction from unstimulated cells but could be restored by the addition of the high speed supernatant. In addition, priming of intact neutrophils with low concentrations of the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate replaced the soluble factor requirement for NADPH oxidase activation by arachidonate in the high speed pellet. This cell-free system can now be used to provide further insight into the biochemical basis of priming and the terminal mechanisms involved in the activation of NADPH oxidase.
Complete sequence, recombinant analysis and binding to laminins and sulphated ligands of the N-terminal domains of laminin α3B and α5 chains (2002)

The N-terminal sequences of mouse laminin α3B and α5 chains have been completed and demonstrate the presence of a signal peptide followed by a complete laminin N-terminal (LN) module (domain VI). These signal peptides were released after recombinant production of larger fragments comprising domains VI/V (45–65kDa) from this region yielding properly folded proteins, which were secreted from HEK-293—EBNA cells. Pepsin digestion of these fragments yielded products of 25–35kDa, which consisted only of domain V. The αVI/V fragments were able to inhibit self-assembly of laminin-1, with those from the α3B and α5 chains being more active than those from α1 and α2 chains. Domain V fragments, however, showed a reduced activity, indicating the major contribution of the LN module in inhibition. These interactions were confirmed by surface-plasmon-resonance assays demonstrating moderate affinities (Kd = 0.02 to &amp;gt; 6μM) for the binding to laminin-1. This indicated that laminins containing α3B or α5 chains should also be able to form non-covalent networks by polymerization. The LN modules also showed heparin binding in affinity chromatography, which was strongest for α1/α2, moderate for α3B, whereas no binding was observed for α5. They all bound to heparan sulphate chains of perlecan and to sulphatides, with a lower variability in binding activity. Specific antibodies were raised against α3BVI/V and α5VI/V and were shown to stain basement membrane zones in various mouse tissues. These antibodies also allowed the identification of a new laminin assembly form 5B consisting of α3B, β3 and γ2 chains.
Homunculus Warping: Conveying importance using self‐intersection‐free non‐homogeneous mesh deformation (2012)

Abstract Size matters . Human perception most naturally relates relative extent, area or volume to importance, nearness and weight. Reversely, conveying importance of something by depicting it at a different size is a classic artistic principle, in particular when importance varies across a domain. One striking example is the neuronal homunculus; a human figure where the size of each body part is proportional to the neural density on that part. In this work we propose an approach which changes local size of a 2D image or 3D surface and, at the same time, minimizes distortion, prevails smoothness, and, most importantly, avoids fold‐overs (collisions). We employ a parallel, two‐stage optimization process, that scales the shape non‐uniformly according to an interactively‐defined importance map and then solves for a nearby, self‐intersection‐free configuration. The results include an interactive 3D‐rendered version of the classic sensorical homunculus but also a range of images and surfaces with different importance maps.