gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Representation of Linguistic Form and Function in Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

We present novel methods for analyzing the activation patterns of recurrent neural networks from a linguistic point of view and explore the types of linguistic structure they learn. As a case study, we use a standard standalone language model, and a multi-task gated recurrent network architecture consisting of two parallel pathways with shared word embeddings: The Visual pathway is trained on predicting the representations of the visual scene corresponding to an input sentence, and the Textual pathway is trained to predict the next word in the same sentence. We propose a method for estimating the amount of contribution of individual tokens in the input to the final prediction of the networks. Using this method, we show that the Visual pathway pays selective attention to lexical categories and grammatical functions that carry semantic information, and learns to treat word types differently depending on their grammatical function and their position in the sequential structure of the sentence. In contrast, the language models are comparatively more sensitive to words with a syntactic function. Further analysis of the most informative n-gram contexts for each model shows that in comparison with the Visual pathway, the language models react more strongly to abstract contexts that represent syntactic constructions.
Stable CW operation of a MQW laser emitting at 1.54 mu m on a Si substrate at room temperature (1991)

The MQW laser exhibits no degradation during 500 h of CW operation. Employing a hybrid organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy/vapor-phase epitaxy method, high-quality InP films with a full width at half maximum for the X-ray rocking curve of 110 arcsec, a dislocation density of 10/sup 7/ cm/sup -2/, and low residual stress of 2*10/sup 8/ dyn/cm/sup 2/ were obtained. Results of a preliminary CW aging test at room temperature showed no operational degradation over 500 h with a constant output power of 2 mW per facet. This LD appears to be a promising light source candidate for application to OEICs (optoelectronic integrated circuits).
Phenol Hydroxylase fromTrichosporon cutaneum: GeneCloning, Sequence Analysis, andFunctional Expression inEschenichia coli (1992)

A cDNAclone encoding phenol hydroxylase fromthesoil yeast Trichosporon cutaneum wasisolated and characterized. Theclone wasidentified byhybridization screening ofabacteriophage XZAP-based cDNA library withanoligonucleotide probe whichcorresponded totheN-terminal aminoacid sequence ofthepurified enzyme. ThecDNAencodes aprotein consisting of664aminoacids. Aminoacidsequences ofanumberof peptides obtained byEdmandegradation ofvarious cleavage products ofthepurified enzyme wereidentified inthecDNA-derived sequence. Thephenol hydroxylase cDNAwasexpressed inEscherichia coli toyield high levels ofactive enzyme. TheE.coil-derived phenol hydroxylase isverysimilar totheT.cutaneum enzyme with respect totherange ofsubstrates acted upon, inhibition byexcess phenol, andtheorder ofmagnitude ofkinetic parameters intheoverall reaction. Southern blotanalysis revealed thepresence ofphenol hydroxylase gene-related sequences inanumberofT.cutaneum andTrchosporon beigelii strains andinCryptococcus elinovii butnotinTrchosporon puulans, Trichosporon penicillatum, orCandida tropicalis. Phenol hydroxylase (EC1.14.13.7) catalyzes theconversionofsimple phenols totheir o-diol derivatives. The enzymeisadimer consisting oftwoequal monomers(Mr= 76,000 each) containing twononcovalently attached flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)moieties (reviewed inreference 41). Phenol hydroxylase shares overall mechanistic features withflavin-containin g
Self-demodulated receiver at MM-wave range using SiGe technology (2011)

In this paper, a new self-demodulated receiver at MM-wave range is proposed. In difference with the conventional local oscillator down-conversion, the OOK modulated data is recovered by mixing two paths of amplified RF signals. Thanks to the simplified architecture, the system is able to work at a significantly wider range with a lower power consumption and faster settling time. Implemented in TowerJazz 180nm SiGe technology, the proposed receiver is able to work from 50GHz-70GHz with a data rate higher than 1Gbps while consuming a current less than 15mA from a standard 1.8V supply voltage.
Thermal Conductivity Measurements in Nanofluids via the Transient Planar Source Method (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The use of nanotechnology to develop advanced heat-transfer materials is a rapidly growing topic of research at facilities around the world. One class of these materials, nanofluids, has shown promise in the laboratory to dramatically improve thermal conductivity. Quantification of the thermophysical properties of these fluids is important for optimizing the design of automotive powertrains and electrical subsystems in order to produce highly efficient and robust vehicle cooling. A new technique for measuring thermal conductivity, the Transient Planar Source (TPS) method, was used for the first time to investigate the thermal conductivity of automotive coolants and their equivalent nanofluid, as a function of temperature. The results of this study indicate that the TPS method allows for rapid and repeatable measurement of thermal conductivity with an error of between 2-4%. The technique also presents several advantages over other methods which we will briefly describe. In addition, complimentary analytical techniques are used to elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms driving the results of the thermal conductivity testing.&lt;/div&gt;
Magnetostriction and anisotropy compensation in TbxDy1−xPr0.3(Fe0.9B0.1)1.93 alloys (2004)

Structure and magnetostriction of Dy0.7−xTbxPr0.3(Fe0.9B0.1)1.93 (0⩽x⩽0.70) alloys have been studied. The easy magnetization direction of the Laves phase in the Dy0.7−xTbxPr0.3(Fe0.9B0.1)1.93 alloys with 0⩽x&amp;lt;0.20 lies along 〈100〉 axis, while that of the Laves phase in those alloys with 0.25⩽x⩽0.70 lies along 〈111〉 axis, as determined by means of x-ray crystallography study. When x is increased from 0.15 to 0.25, the change of the easy magnetization direction from 〈100〉 to 〈111〉 axis is detected also by Mössbauer spectra, in good agreement with the results of x-ray crystallography. The Laves phase Tb0.25Dy0.45Pr0.3(Fe0.9B0.1)1.93 has a large spontaneous magnetostriction (λ111≈1850 ppm) and a low anisotropy at room temperature, which could make it a good candidate material for magnetostriction applications.
A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling—part I: Geometry and contact detection (2001)

Abstract The discrete element method for analysis of the dynamic behaviour of discontinuous media is well established. However, its application to engineering problems is still limited to simplified representations of structural boundaries and their kinematics. In this paper a method is developed for representing three‐dimensional boundaries of arbitrary geometry and for modelling the interaction between boundary objects and particles within the discrete element modelling framework. The approach, which we term the finite wall method, uses planar triangular elements to approximate the boundary surface topology. Any number of wall elements can be used to model the shape of the structure. A contact detection scheme is presented for boundary surfaces and spheres based on a series of vector projections to reduce the problem dimensionally. The algorithm employs spatial sporting to obtain the set of potential contacts between spheres and wall elements prior to contact resolution. In a further stage, all possible contact conditions including contact with surfaces, edges and corners are explicitly determined. Part I of this two‐part series of papers describes the finite wall method for representation of surface geometry and fully elaborates the method for detecting and resolving contact between boundary wall elements and spheres. In Part II the finite wall method is extended to apply kinematics to linearly independent boundary objects using combinations of translational and rotational motion. An approach is developed for coupling the DEM with the FEM for the purpose of optimising the design of structures which are dynamically interacting with particulate media. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Size-Controlled Preparation of Gold Nanoclusters on Hydroxyapatite Through Trans-Deposition Method (2017)

This paper describes a trans-deposition method for the size-controlled preparation of metal oxide-supported gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) varying from 1 to 8 nm in diameter. Colloidal AuNCs of various sizes were successfully deposited on hydroxyapatite (HAP), without undergoing a significant change in size from the initial polymer-supported AuNCs. The resulting AuNCs deposited on HAP (Au:HAP) were characterized by transmission electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Au:HAP thus obtained catalyzed the aerobic oxidation of 1-indanol to give 1-indanone with excellent yield and recyclability.
Clinical and Histologic Spectrum of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated With Normal Alt Values (2003)

A retrospective study was performed to (1) characterize the clinical and histologic features of those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, (2) compare the spectrum of NAFLD associated with normal versus elevated ALT levels, and (3) determine whether there were differences in the clinical or histologic spectrum of NAFLD between those with a low normal versus high normal ALT value. A total of 51 subjects with NAFLD and normal ALT were identified and compared with 50 consecutive subjects with NAFLD and elevated ALT. The major indications for liver biopsy in those with normal ALT were unexplained hepatomegaly (n = 21) and evaluation as a potential donor for living donor liver transplantation (n = 16). The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, gender distribution, and ethnicity. Approximately 80% of cases in both groups had at least 1 feature of the metabolic syndrome, the major risk factor for NAFLD. The 2 groups were also comparable with respect to the grade of the individual histologic parameters of NAFLD. A total of 12 subjects with normal ALT levels had bridging fibrosis, whereas 6 had cirrhosis. Diabetes was the only factor independently associated with an increased risk of advanced fibrosis (bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis) by multivariate analysis (relative risk: 2.3, P <.01). The mean steatosis (1.6 vs. 2.16, P <.04) and perisinusoidal fibrosis scores (0.35 vs. 0.9, P <.049) were lower in those with low normal (<30 IU/L) ALT versus high normal ALT. However, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was similar (5 of 15 vs. 13 of 36, respectively). In conclusion, (1) the entire histologic spectrum of NAFLD can be seen in individuals with normal ALT values, (2) the histologic spectrum in these individuals is not significantly different from those with elevated ALT levels, and (3) a low normal ALT value does not guarantee freedom from underlying steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis.
MicroRNA-10b promotes migration and invasion through KLF4 and HOXD10 in human bladder cancer (2014)

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) on cell migration and invasion in human bladder cancer (BC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-10b in BC cell lines. miR-10b mimics, the negative control for mimics, miR-10b inhibitor and the negative control for inhibitor were transfected into BC cell lines and the effects of miR-10b on the migration and invasion of cells were investigated through Transwell assay. Meanwhile, protein levels of KLF4, HOXD10, E-cadherin and MMP14 were measured. Luciferase assays were also performed to validate KLF4 and HOXD10 as miR-10b targets. In vivo metastasis assay was performed to validate if miR-10b can promote BC cell line metastasis in vivo. miR-10b is significantly upregulated in BC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Increased miR-10b expression significantly enhanced BC cell migration and invasion, while decreased miR-10b expression reduced cell migration and invasion. In vivo metastasis assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR-10b markedly promoted BC metastasis. Moreover, KLF4 and HOXD10 were identified as direct targets of miR-10b in BC cells. Silencing of KLF4 or HOXD10 recapitulated the pro-metastatic function. Furthermore, we found that E-cadherin and MMP14 may be the downstream factors of KLF4 and HOXD10 in the suppression of BC metastasis by miR-10b. These data suggest that miR-10b may function as oncogenes in BC cells. Targeting these novel strategies, inhibition of miR-10b/KLF4/E-cadherin axis and miR-10b/HOXD10/MMP14 axis may be helpful as a therapeutic approach to block BC cell metastasis.
Generation and Reactivity of 2-Amido-1,3-diaminoallyl Cations: Cyclic Guanidine Annulations via Net (3 + 2) and (4 + 3) Cycloadditions (2020)

Toward a method for direct conversion of alkenes to cyclic guanidines, we report that 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 2-amido-1,3-diamino allylic cations with alkenes provide a new method for direct cyclic guanidine annulation. Generated under oxidative conditions, the 2-amido-1,3-diaminoallyl cations react as 1,3-dipoles providing rapid access to 2-amino imidazolines through net (3 + 2) cycloadditions. The utility is demonstrated through a concise synthesis of the oroidin alkaloid, phakellin. The described 1,3-dipole also participates in net (4 + 3) cycloadditions with dienes.
Vector control of a synchronous reluctance motor including saturation and iron loss (1991)

The application of vector control to a conventional synchronous reluctance motor (VCSynRM) is presented with emphasis on the effects of saturation and iron losses. It is shown experimentally that these parasitic effects can significantly influence the performance of a VCSynRM. A synchronous reference frame steady state model of SynRM including saturation and iron losses is developed. The behavior of a vector-controlled SynRM is analyzed based on the model. It is observed that saturation and iron losses can have a significant effect on the performance of a VCSynRM. To verify the validity of the model for vector control, a digital signal processor (DSP) based vector controller was built for a 7.5 hp SynRM to experimentally evaluate performance. Experimental results concerning optimal torque/ampere and optimal efficiency operation are shown to be in general agreement with the predictions of the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries: Evolving Structures Measured In situ by Neutron Reflectometry (2012)

Li-ion batteries are made possible by the solid electrolyte interphase, SEI, a self-forming passivation layer, generated because of electrolyte instability with respect to the anode chemical potential. Ideally it offers sufficient electronic resistance to limit electrolyte decomposition to the amount needed for its formation. However, slow continued SEI growth leads to capacity fade and increased cell resistance. Despite the SEI’s critical significance, currently structural characterization is incomplete because of the reactive and delicate nature of the SEI and the electrolyte system in which it is formed. Here we present, for the first time, in situ neutron reflectometry measurements of the SEI layer as function of potential in a working lithium half-cell. The SEI layer after 10 and 20 CV cycles is 4.0 and 4.5 nm, respectively, growing to 8.9 nm after a series of potentiostatic holds that approximates a charge/discharge cycle. Specified data sets show uniform mixing of SEI components.
Audio‐visual aids (1962)

PORTRAIT OF ADLAI STEVENSON. RPM. 12 inch record. Produced by Spoken Arts, under the direction of Dr. Arthur Luce Klein. Cost: $5.95. Available through Spoken Arts, Inc., 95 Valley Road, New Rochelle, New York. SOUNDS OF THE THIRD REICH: THE RISE AND COLLAPSE OF NAZI GERMANY, 1933–1945 (actual recorded voices, music, and sounds). 33 1/3 RPM. Two 12 inch records. Monaural or stereophonic. Cost: $7.00. Available through Sonic Workshop, Box 45, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. THE MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS. 16 RPM. Six 7‐inch records. 5 hours total listening time. Read by Marvin Miller. Translation by George Long. Produced by Audio Book Company, St. Joseph, Michigan. Cost: $6.95. Available through Spencer International Press, Inc., 155 North Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, Illinois. SOPHOCLES’ ELECTRA. One 35 mm film‐strip. 30 frames with captions. Color. Prepared by James H. Butler. Produced by Communication Materials Exchange. Cost: $5.50. Available through Comma, 1535 Ivar Avenue, Hollywood 28, California. DRAMAS. 16 mm films of “Camera Three” television programs presented in 1961. Available for loan to schools for return postage. Contact Division of Educational Communications, State Education Department, Albany, New York. ORAL AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION. Set of four filmstrips and three records. Color. Average length about 48 frames. Records are 16 inch, 33 1/3 RPM. Produced by the Los Angeles Board of Education. Cost: $28.00 per set; may be purchased by individual film‐strip and record for $8.50. Available through the Jam Handy Organization, 2821 East Grand Boulevard, Detroit 11, Michigan. OLD TALES FOR YOUNG FOLKS—VISUALIZED. Six filmstrips, average length 36 frames. Color. Art work by Marjii Cavillo. Cost: series, $31.50; individual filmstrips, $.5.75. Available through the Jam Handy Organization, 2821 East Grand Boulevard, Detroit 11, Michigan. THE AUDIO BOOK OF FAMOUS POEMS. 74 GREAT POEMS BY 38 GREAT AUTHORS. 16 RPM. 4 seven inch ultra‐microgroove records. Produced by Audio Book Company. Read by Marvin Miller. Cost: $4.95. Available through Spencer International Press, Inc., 155 North Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, Illinois. LYRIC POETRY AND NARRATIVE POETRY, SHAKESPEARE DRAMATIC POETRY. 33 1/3 RPM. 4 12‐inch records. Produced by The London Library of Recorded English. Cost: $28.00 plus $2.80 Excise Tax. Exemption from Excise Tax Certificate must accompany order from tax supported schools. Available from Britam Agency, 245 Fifth Avenue, New York 16, N. Y., and from Spoken Records, Scarecrow Press Inc., 257 Park Avenue South, New York 10, N. Y. THE GEORGICS OF VIRGIL. 33 1/3 RPM. 12 inch record. Translation and reading by C. Day Lewis. Produced by Spoken Arts under the direction of Dr. Arthur Luce Klein. Cost: $5.95. Available through Spoken Arts, Inc., 95 Valley Road, New Rochelle, N. Y. A DISCOGRAPHY OF EDUCATIONAL PHONOGRAPH RECORDS AND TAPES. 200+pp., copyright, 1962. Cost: $6.25. Available through The Bureau of Auditory Education, 1612 Lyman Place, Hollywood 27, California.
Photoresponsive Structural Color in Liquid Crystalline Materials (2019)

Abstract Photoresponsive liquid crystalline photonic materials are a medium in which the self‐regulation of light can occur. Liquid crystals are macroscopically self‐assembling, optically anisotropic materials capable of amplifying photochemical changes and thus are well suited to demonstrate complex light‐driven behavior. This review presents recent progress in liquid crystalline systems exhibiting photoresponsive structural color. More specifically, it surveys progress on liquid crystalline materials and structures with coloration that is the result of the constituents' spatial arrangement (not of presence of dyes or pigments) and for which this arrangement can be externally controlled by light. In cholesteric and blue‐phase liquid crystals, the structural color results from the natural self‐assembly of liquid crystal molecules in periodic structures. Several photochemically driven mechanisms can be exploited to impart color changes to these structures. Photonic liquid crystalline materials can also be generated with directed self‐assembly techniques and subsequent processes can be exploited to create photoinduced changes to their optical properties. After reviewing the recent progress in materials based on natural and directed self‐assembly, these approaches are compared and contrasted. A few interesting examples of more complex behavior are noted, including true autonomous self‐regulation of light flow in liquid crystal systems.
Gender-related Differences in the Inhibitory Effect on Liver Regeneration in Alcohol-Treated Rats: Study of Polyamine (1993)

We studied gender-related differences in the effect of a single dose of ethanol (EtOH) on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy in male and female rats by determining polyamines and their related enzymes. When rats were orally treated with EtOH at 3 g/kg 1 hr before partial hepatectomy, liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity at 4 hr post-hepatectomy was found to be lower in EtOH-treated female than male rats (51% vs. 42%, P < 0.01). Although no EtOH effect was observed on spermidine acetyltransferase (SAT) activity, female rats showed significantly higher values than male rats. Among intra-hepatic polyamines, putrescine was strongly affected by EtOH and significantly reduced in both male and female rats, but the effect was more marked in female than in male rats (88% vs. 51%, P < 0.01). With respect to spermidine and spermine, male rats were unaffected by EtOH, whereas EtOH-treated female rats had lower levels. The gender-related differences became more distinct in terms of total polyamine; the decrease in total polyamine due to EtOH was observed in female rats only. These results suggested that there was a gender-related difference in the effect of EtOH on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, with the variations in polyamines probably affecting the subsequent process of liver regeneration.
Veterinary Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (VetCAST) (2015)

National audience
A Novel Pulmonary Nodule Detection Model Based on Multi-Step Cascaded Networks (2020)

Pulmonary nodule detection in chest computed tomography (CT) is of great significance for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Therefore, it has attracted more and more researchers to propose various computer-assisted pulmonary nodule detection methods. However, these methods still could not provide convincing results because the nodules are easily confused with calcifications, vessels, or other benign lumps. In this paper, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) framework for detecting pulmonary nodules in the chest CT image. The framework consists of three cascaded networks: First, a U-net network integrating inception structure and dense skip connection is proposed to segment the region of lung parenchyma from the chest CT image. The inception structure is used to replace the first convolution layer for better feature extraction with respect to multiple receptive fields, while the dense skip connection could reuse these features and transfer them through the network. Secondly, a modified U-net network where all the convolution layers are replaced by dilated convolution is proposed to detect the "suspicious nodules" in the image. The dilated convolution can increase the receptive fields to improve the ability of the network in learning global information of the image. Thirdly, a modified U-net adapting multi-scale pooling and multi-resolution convolution connection is proposed to find the true pulmonary nodule in the image with multiple candidate regions. During the detection, the result of the former step is used as the input of the latter step to follow the "coarse-to-fine" detection process. Moreover, the focal loss, perceptual loss and dice loss were used together to replace the cross-entropy loss to solve the problem of imbalance distribution of positive and negative samples. We apply our method on two public datasets to evaluate its ability in pulmonary nodule detection. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method outperform the state-of-the-art methods with respect to accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.