gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applicability of adtomic fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy for on-line analysis of mercury in coal combustion and gasification effluents (1995)

With the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the on-line monitoring of mercury in effluents from coal combustors and gasifiers is receiving considerable interest. In this study, the applicability of using atomic fluorescence and atomic absorption techniques for on-line monitoring applications is discussed. Laboratory data obtained with two sensitive commercial mercury detectors (one fluorescence and one absorption unit) are presented to demonstrate general instrumental and analytical capabilities. Differences in instrument sensitivity, detection limits, dynamic range, quenching effects, and interferences are discussed.
Sar And Isar Signal Processing (1986)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) are enhanced resolution imaging radar systems. These systems receive coherent radar signal returns from an illuminated scene and use the signal modulation related to terrain reflectivity and relative motion between the scene and the observation platform to form an image of the scene. The extraction, storage, and coherent processing of these modulation terms represent an enormous signal processing task which classically has been performed by optical techniques. The flexibility and reduced cost of modern high performance, high bandwidth digital signal processing systems is the motivation for full DSP based imaging radar systems. In this paper we review the common DSP tasks performed by basic SAR and ISAR imaging radars.
Missed pills (2005)

LETTERSa review of the evidence and an extensive consultation process, the WHO recommendations were endorsed by the FFPRHC. 1 Different rules for pills containing 20 µg or 30 µg ethinylestradiol are appropriate to minimise intervention for the majority of women without risking contraceptive efficacy.The risk of pregnancy is greatest when pills are missed either side of the pill-free interval (PFI) and the recommendations in our statement 1 provide precautionary measures when the PFI is extended to 9 days or more.We believe that the CEU statement is evidence-based and should facilitate the management of women who miss pills.
Repetition detection and rapid auditory learning for stochastic tone clouds (2021)

Stochastic sounds are useful to probe auditory memory, as they require listeners to learn unpredictable and novel patterns under controlled experimental conditions. Previous studies using white noise or random click trains have demonstrated rapid auditory learning. Here, we explored perceptual learning with a more parametrically variable stimulus. These "tone clouds" were defined as broadband combinations of tone pips at randomized frequencies and onset times. Varying the number of tones covered a perceptual range from individually audible pips to noise-like stimuli. Results showed that listeners could detect and learn repeating patterns in tone clouds. Task difficulty varied depending on the density of tone pips, with sparse tone clouds the easiest. Rapid learning of individual tone clouds was observed for all densities, with a roughly constant benefit of learning irrespective of baseline performance. Variations in task difficulty were correlated to amplitude modulations in an auditory model. Tone clouds thus provide a tool to probe auditory learning in a variety of task-difficulty settings, which could be useful for clinical or neurophysiological studies. They also show that rapid auditory learning operates over a wide range of spectrotemporal complexity, essentially from melodies to noise.
The PSI-K subunit of photosystem I from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Evidence for a gene duplication of an ancestral PSI-G/K gene. (1993)

Photosystem I of barley contains a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 7 kDa when isolated using the detergent n-decyl-beta-D-maltopyranoside. The 7-kDa polypeptide is lost from the PS I complex isolated using Triton X-100. The 7-kDa polypeptide and a corresponding full-length cDNA clone have been isolated. Based on high sequence similarity to an N-terminal sequence of PSI-K from spinach and to the deduced amino acid sequence of Psak from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the 7-kDa barley polypeptide is identified as PSI-K. The cDNA clone encodes a precursor polypeptide of 131 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 13,726 Da. The transit peptide shows characteristics of polypeptides imported into the chloroplast. PSI-K has two hydrophobic regions predicted to be membrane-spanning alpha-helices. In vitro expressed prePSI-K polypeptide was imported into intact chloroplasts, whereas an in vitro expressed prePSI-K lacking 7 amino acid residues (Met-Ala-Ser-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala) at the N-terminal end of the transit peptide failed to be imported. The mRNA encoding PSI-K increases during illumination. PsaK is located in a single locus in the genome. PSI-K has significant similarity to PSI-G. When comparing the barley PSI-K and PSI-G with the reported PSI-K sequence from Synechococcus vulcanus, the degree of similarity is equal, suggesting that an ancestral gene has been duplicated in a chloroplast progenitor but not in a cyanobacterial.
Hydrothermal Sulfidation of Carbonate‐Hosted Zinc‐Lead Ore with Elemental Sulfur (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experiment Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments
Estimation of the lifetime of a trapped vortex in a circular cavern on a semicircular airfoil streamlined at a zero angle of attack after switching off slot suction (2017)

The restructuring of the periodic structure of a turbulent streamline for a semicircular airfoil at a zero angle of attack with a system of slot suction from the circular cavern switched off is calculated. Multiblock numerical methods are applied for solution of Reynolds-averaged nonstationary Navier–Stokes equations closed using the modified shear-stress transfer model taking into account flow line curvature. The lifetime of a trapped vortex in a circular cavern is estimated.
Membrane Lipids in Migrating Cells Illuminated by Molecular Sensors and Chemical Actuators (2015)

Cell motility plays a vital role in both normal physiology and the pathogenesis of many diseases. We have recently shown that cell motility requires the signal transduction network serving as a pacemaker to drive cytoskeletal activities. This network features spontaneous firing that promotes the formation of sustained protrusions which govern random cell migration. However, a molecular identity of the signal excitability remains unknown. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) is one of the eight phosphoinositide species consisting of the cellular membrane structures, and well characterized as a substrate of PI3K that produces phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP 3 ). PIP 2 has long been viewed as a general source of negative charges, offering docking sites for cytosolic proteins through electrostatic interactions. Here, we examine the roles of PIP 2 in this signal transduction network using a Dictyostelium cell as a model. To specifically manipulate PIP 2 levels with high spatiotemporal precision, we rapidly recruited a yeast‐derived PIP 2 ‐specific 5‐phosphotase, Inp54p, to the plasma membrane using the chemically‐induced dimerization (CID) system. Following the Inp54p recruitment, the cells went into a heterogeneous oscillation between a spreading and a crunching morphology. While a PIP 3 phosphatase PTEN fell off the membrane when cells spread, it rebounded to the membrane as cells crunched. Other signaling events such as Ras activation, PIP 3 production, and actin polymerization are largely induced along the periphery as cells spread. Together with a series of pharmacological experiments, our results indicate that PIP 2 impedes protrusion events through multiple redundant pathways, providing a driving force for the excitable signaling network.
Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder (2009)

Abstract In a world obsessed with appearance, it is not surprising that body dysmorphic disorder, or BDD — an emotionally painful obsession with perceived flaws in one's appearance — has manifested itself as a troubling and relatively common problem for many individuals. In The Broken Mirror, the first and most definitive book on BDD, Dr. Katharine A. Phillips provided a comprehensive manual for patients and their physicians by drawing on years of clinical practice, scientific research, and professional evaluations of over 1,000 patients. Now, in Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Essential Guide , the world's leading authority on BDD reaches out to patients, their friends, and their families with this concise and updated handbook. BDD causes sufferers to be obsessed by perceived flaws in their appearance and may afflict as much as two percent of the population, or nearly five million people. Many sufferers are able to function well in society, but remain secretly obsessed by their “hideous acne” or “horrible nose,” sneaking constant peeks at a pocket mirror, or spending hours at a time redoing makeup. Others find their lives disintegrate because of their appearance obsessions. It is not an uncommon disorder, simply a hidden one, since sufferers are often embarrassed to tell even their closest friends about their concerns. Using stories and interviews to show the many different behaviors and symptoms of BDD, and a quick self-assessment questionnaire, Dr. Phillips guides readers through the basics of the disorder and through the many treatment options that work and don't work. With Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Essential Guide, sufferers will find both helpful advice and much needed reassurance in a compact, down-to-earth indispensable book.
Thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer composites filled with ceramic particles for electronic packaging (1999)

The effective thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion of epoxy resins filled with ceramic fillers like silica, alumina, and aluminum nitride were determined. The data obtained was compared with theoretical and semitheoretical equations in the literature that are used to predict the properties of two phase mixtures. It was found that Agari's model provided a good estimate of the composite thermal conductivity. The Hashin-Shtrikman lower bound for composite modulus fits the modulus data fairly well at low concentrations of the filler. Also, it was found that the coefficients of thermal expansion of the filled composites lie in between Schapery's upper and lower bounds. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3396–3403, 1999
A new method for sequence analysis of glycosaminoglycans from heavily substituted proteoglycans reveals non-random positioning of 4- and 6-O-sulphated N-acetylgalactosamine in aggrecan-derived chondroitin sulphate (1992)

We have developed a new procedure for the sequence analysis of glycosaminoglycans, which is particularly suitable for the analysis of chains from heavily substituted proteoglycans. The procedure has been applied to various aggrecan-derived chondroitin sulphates. The glycans are released from the core protein by alkaline scission of the xylose-serine bond, subjected to reductive amination using p-aminobenzoic acid and finally radioiodinated at an acidic pH. Sequence analysis is performed by using various enzymic degradations, partial or complete, followed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotting and autoradiography to identify segments extending from the labelled reducing end to the point of cleavage. By using chondroitin C lyase to identify the location of 6-O-sulphated hexosamines, we find that chondroitin sulphate from tracheal cartilage has its 6-O-sulphated repeats concentrated to the extreme non-reducing terminal portion of the chain. In chondroitin sulphates derived from intervertebral discs (nucleus pulposus), the 6-O-sulphated repeats have a biphasic distribution; they occur mostly near the linkage region (i.e. the reducing end), but also in the non-reducing portion of the chain. Chondroitin sulphate from nasal cartilage, which is mostly 4-O-sulphated, displays considerable heterogeneity in the linkage region. Three or possibly more charge variants are observed.
Highly efficient power extraction in terahertz quantum cascade laser via a grating coupler (2018)

We demonstrate the highly efficient power extraction from terahertz quantum cascade laser (THz-QCL) via a grating coupler (GC). The GC, formed in the top metallization of a Fabry-Perot (FP) THz-QCL with a metal-metal (MM) waveguide, diffracts the THz wave into the free space when it oscillates between the two cleaved facets. The radiation loss can be tailored in a wide range by changing the structure of the GC. The asymmetric positioning of the GC enables near-unidirectional emission, the enlarged emission surface reduces the beam divergence, and the MM waveguide keeps the optical confinement factor near unity. Experimental results confirm that, when the operating frequency is near 2.7 THz, the laser with a GC shows superior performances than the conventional FP lasers in terms of output power and operation temperature.
Genomic Classification of HER2-Positive Patients With 80-Gene and 70-Gene Signatures Identifies Diversity in Clinical Outcomes With HER2-Targeted Neoadjuvant Therapy (2022)

The 80-gene assay identified meaningful genomic diversity in patients with cHER2 disease. Patients with cHER2/gHER2 tumors, who benefitted most from dual HER2-targeted therapy, accounted for approximately half of the cHER2 cohort. Genomically Luminal tumors had low pCR rates but good 5-year outcomes. cHER2/gBasal tumors derived no benefit from dual therapy and had significantly worse 5-year prognosis; these patients merit special consideration in future trials.
The Effects of Mutation on the Composition and Properties of the A Protein of Escherichia coli Tryptophan Synthetase (1961)

Only a little more than ten years ago the first case was described in which the mutationally induced loss of ability to catalyze a specific biochemical reaction was associated with the absence of the enzyme normally required for the reaction (Mitchell and Lein, 1948). More recently, it has been shown that mutational changes lead to many different types of enzyme alterations and that mutant proteins resembling the normal enzyme are often formed (Fincham, 1959; Yanofsky and St. Lawrence, 1960). With the development of techniques that can distinguish a mutant protein from the normal where the mutant protein differs by a single amino acid substitution (Ingram, 1958), it has become possible to study the effects of mutation in terms of alterations in the primary structure of specific proteins. Ingram and subsequent workers (Ingram, 1961) have, in fact, shown that several inherited abnormal forms of human hemoglobin differ from normal adult...
Machine-learning-based device-independent certification of quantum networks (2023)

Witnessing nonclassical behavior is a crucial ingredient in quantum information processing. For that, one has to optimize the quantum features a given physical setup can give rise to, which is a hard computational task currently tackled with semidefinite programming, a method limited to linear objective functions and that becomes prohibitive as the complexity of the system grows. Here, we propose an alternative strategy, which exploits a feedforward artificial neural network to optimize the correlations compatible with arbitrary quantum networks. A remarkable step forward with respect to existing methods is that it deals with nonlinear optimization constraints and objective functions, being applicable to scenarios featuring independent sources and nonlinear entanglement witnesses. Furthermore, it offers a significant speedup in comparison with other approaches, thus allowing to explore previously inaccessible regimes. We also extend the use of the neural network to the experimental realm, a situation in which the statistics are unavoidably affected by imperfections, retrieving device-independent uncertainty estimates on Bell-like violations obtained with independent sources of entangled photon states. In this way, this work paves the way for the certification of quantum resources in networks of growing size and complexity.
Fluid Movement in the SAGD Process A Review of the Dover Project (2006)

Abstract The fundamentals of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) steam chamber development are now well understood through Butler's analytical models, and extensive field and laboratory testing. However as industry continues to extend SAGD to new reservoirs and looks towards SAGD wind down at the end life of the projects, it is important that we recognize the value of not only understanding the steam chamber but also of the movement of fluid in the reservoir. The Dover SAGD Pilot is the most mature pilot of its kind in the world. A study of this Pilot has been undertaken in an attempt to understand the behavior of the fluid within and in front of the steam chamber. The economics of SAGD are significantly impacted by the cost of generating steam. At roughly 1mcf/bbl of bitumen produced for an SOR in the range of 2.3–2.5 m3/m3, natural gas is the single largest operating cost in a SAGD project. Water movement within the reservoir can impact the natural gas consumption wherein warm steam condensate not recovered must be replaced in the process by colder make-up water, decreasing the heat efficiency of the steam generation. Further, where water loss to the reservoir is high, the steam-oil ratio (SOR) may be negatively impacted. As we approach the 20th anniversary of the initiation of the Dover Pilot, the cold water injection test performed prior to any thermal operations taking place is revisited here. Understanding the transmissibility of water in the reservoir is key to choosing the optimal operating pressures and maximizing the value of a project. It has been widely published1,2 that the injection of non-condensable gas (NCG) into SAGD chambers will result in the accumulation of the NCG at the top of the chamber, cooling the chamber. The lower temperatures within the chamber cause the viscosity of the bitumen to increase thereby reducing the bitumen production rate. This has been suggested as a method of winding down steam chambers as they reach their economic producing limits3,4,5. From April 1998 to May 2002 NGC was injected with steam at the Dover Pilot. The gas volume injected at reservoir conditions was triple the volume of the produced bitumen over that time. The SAGD chambers did not behave as predicted. The bitumen production rate did not fall off any more than would be expected from a mature steam chamber and live steam was still detectable through the thermocouples within the steam chamber. Further, an increased overall recovery was observed, most likely from the gas assistance in the production of previously inaccessible reserves. The simulation model developed to describe, as well as further observations regarding the behavior of NCG in the reservoir, are discussed. Introduction Geographically located in northeast Alberta, the Athabasca Oil Sands deposit forms part of the western Canadian oil sands. With an estimated 1.7 trillion barrels of oil in place, it is arguably the single largest oil deposit in the world. SAGD, developed by Butler6 in the early 1980's, is to date, the most successful in-situ method of exploiting this resource.
Mechanical and permeability properties of dynamically compacted crushed salt (2020)

Thorough scientific and engineering characterization of crushed salt assures that access shafts will not become avenues for hazardous material migration from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Essential work to characterize engineering properties, construction methods, and constitutive modeling underpins the shaft seal design, construction, and analysis. A comprehensive shaft seal system design and analysis, independent technical review, and critical acceptance were milestones along the path to regulatory compliance. After approximately a decade of regulatory interactions, the WIPP began underground disposal operations in March 1999. This historic achievement is due in part to a rigorous, unassailable shaft seal system. The WIPP itself is a full-scale geologic repository located in the bedded salt of the Salado Formation at a depth of 655 meters. Four shafts connect the underground facility to the surface. Compacted crushed salt placed near the bottom of each shaft provides a primary seal element. The technical basis for crushed salt use as a seal component was established by extensive research undertaken by Sandia National Laboratories and RESPEC.
Congruency-Based Hysteresis Models for Transient Simulation (2004)

We describe a history-dependent (non-Preisach) hysteresis model based on direct use of experimental first-order reversal curves. We propose that any second or higher order reversal curve can be constructed by using internal segments of the first-order reversal curves, and show that particular transplants (segments with required overall dimensions /spl Delta/H,/spl Delta/B) can always be found in both the B and H directions from a current turning point. This makes it possible to obtain the reversal curve originating from this point as a weighted sum of the transplants found in those directions. The effectiveness of the proposed model is illustrated by its use in simulation of the complex transients in a conducting ferromagnetic sheet subjected to a pulsewidth-modulation voltage supply.
A baseline correction algorithm for Raman spectroscopy by adaptive knots B-spline (2015)

The Raman spectroscopy technique is a powerful and non-invasive technique for molecular fingerprint detection which has been widely used in many areas, such as food safety, drug safety, and environmental testing. But Raman signals can be easily corrupted by a fluorescent background, therefore we presented a baseline correction algorithm to suppress the fluorescent background in this paper. In this algorithm, the background of the Raman signal was suppressed by fitting a curve called a baseline using a cyclic approximation method. Instead of the traditional polynomial fitting, we used the B-spline as the fitting algorithm due to its advantages of low-order and smoothness, which can avoid under-fitting and over-fitting effectively. In addition, we also presented an automatic adaptive knot generation method to replace traditional uniform knots. This algorithm can obtain the desired performance for most Raman spectra with varying baselines without any user input or preprocessing step. In the simulation, three kinds of fluorescent background lines were introduced to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. We showed that two real Raman spectra (parathion-methyl and colza oil) can be detected and their baselines were also corrected by the proposed method.