gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possibility of γδ T cell immunotherapy for HTLV-1-infected individuals (2011)

γδ T cells, a small subset of T lymphocytes, are involved in innate immunity. It has been demonstrated that γδ T cells have cytotoxic activities against cells infected with a variety of viruses. However, there is little evidence suggesting a cytotoxic activity of γδ T cells against HTLV-1-infected cells. Therefore, we investigated whether γδ T cells play a protective role in the defense against HTLV-1.

Using PBMCs from asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and HAM/TSP patients, we assayed the frequency of CD3+Vγ9+ (γδ T) cells and the correlation between its frequency and the HTLV-1 load. The frequency of γδ T cells was significantly decreased in HAM/TSP patients compared with that in ACs. The frequency of γδ T cells was inversely correlated with the proviral load. These results suggest that γδ T cells have a protective effect on HTLV-1-infected individuals. Next, CD3+Vγ9+ cells and CD3+Vγ9- cells were separated from PBMCs of HTLV-1-infected persons by FACS and the proviral load of each population was quantified by real-time PCR. The proviral load in γδ T cells was markedly lower than that in CD3+ lacking γδ T cells. Furthermore, we cultured PBMCs from HTLV-1-infected individuals in the presence of IL-2 and zoledronate. In some cases, the majority of cells contained in these cultures became γδ T cells and the proviral load was markedly decreased. The cultured PBMCs showed strong cytotoxic activities against a HTLV-1-infected cell line as well as an ATL cell line. These results raise the possibility of γδ T cell immunotherapy in HTLV-1-infected individuals.
BROADBAND CPW-FED PLANAR SLOT ANTENNAS WITH VARIOUS TUNING STUBS (2006)

This paper investigates broadband planar antennas that consist of a wide rectangular slot with various tuning stubs. The antennas are fed by coplanar waveguides. Wide slots containing a single tuning stub, V-shaped stubs, as well as inverted F-shaped stubs are investigated. Despite using a high dielectric constant substrate, the proposed antennas exhibit very broad bandwidth. They also have broadside bidirectional radiation. The radiation pattern stability with frequency for the various configurations is presented. One of the proposed configurations, the inverted F stub in a wide rectangular slot, produced very stable radiation patterns over its entire impedance bandwidth of about 40%. Also, an impedance bandwidth of 44% was obtained for the V-shaped stub in a rectangular slot. Simulations as well as experimental results are presented.
Shape, albedo, and illumination from a single image of an unknown object (2012)

We address the problem of recovering shape, albedo, and illumination from a single grayscale image of an object, using shading as our primary cue. Because this problem is fundamentally underconstrained, we construct statistical models of albedo and shape, and define an optimization problem that searches for the most likely explanation of a single image. We present two priors on albedo which encourage local smoothness and global sparsity, and three priors on shape which encourage flatness, outward-facing orientation at the occluding contour, and local smoothness. We present an optimization technique for using these priors to recover shape, albedo, and a spherical harmonic model of illumination. Our model, which we call SAIFS (shape, albedo, and illumination from shading) produces reasonable results on arbitrary grayscale images taken in the real world, and outperforms all previous grayscale “intrinsic image” - style algorithms on the MIT Intrinsic Images dataset.
Identification of a Binding Region for Human Origin Recognition Complex Proteins 1 and 2 That Coincides with an Origin of DNA Replication (2002)

We investigated the binding regions of components of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in the human genome. For this purpose, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with antibodies against human Orc1 and Orc2 proteins. We identified a binding region for human Orc proteins 1 and 2 in a <1-kbp segment between two divergently transcribed human genes. The region is characterized by CpG tracts and a central sequence rich in AT base pairs. Both, Orc1 and Orc2 proteins are found at the intergenic region in the G(1) phase, but S-phase chromatin contains only Orc2 protein, supporting the notion that Orc1p dissociates from its binding site in the S phase. Sequences corresponding to the intergenic region are highly abundant in a fraction of nascent DNA strands, strongly suggesting that this region not only harbors the binding sites for Orc1 protein and Orc2 protein but also serves as an origin of bidirectional DNA replication.
Advanced defect and metrology solutions (2014)

Cost, weight, performance, and lifetime requirements for precision components used throughout the aerospace and defense industries are driving innovative mechanical designs, manufacturing processes and use of new materials. In turn, these advanced components typically require tighter dimensional and surface tolerances to function as designed. Scratch testers, microscope-based systems, and other traditional metrology systems are inadequate for roughness, small-scale geometry, and defect determination on many of these parts. This talk will examine the advantages and disadvantages of some of the new technologies developed to provide more robust, versatile, and sensitive measurements of precision components for advanced manufacturing environments.
Industrial Case Study: Identification of Important Substructures and Exploration of Monomers for the Rapid Design of Novel Network Polymers with Distributed Representation (2020)

Abstract Designing polymers experimentally is a time-consuming task. Quantitative structure-property relationship analysis can help speed the development of new polymers. The authors hypothesized the ideal mixture model, with which polymers are represented by composition-weighted descriptors of monomers. In this study, we pursued a new polymer that had the desired properties from an industrial dataset. We first constructed a partial least squares (PLS) model and random forest with five descriptor sets. The PLS model with fragment counts, which was the most appropriate model for prediction, was used to optimize the compositions. Subsequently, the authors identified the important substructures of monomers using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The important substructures were used to select seed structures of monomers for structure generation. Another PLS model with distributed representation, called mol2vec, was constructed, because the ordinary fragment counts are unavailable for extrapolation. The PLS model estimated the polymer target property for screening novel structures. The major novelties of this study are to identify important substructures to the polymer target property and to apply mol2vec to design of network polymers. Eventually, we found a novel desired polymer through the composition optimization and demonstrated that virtual screening of monomers with distributed representation worked.
Multiplex nonresonant pump four-wave mixing (2004)

We propose a scheme of multiplex nonresonant pump four-wave mixing (NRP-FWM) process which is highly immune to saturation problems. The process is accomplished with two high-intensity pump beams detuned far from the resonance of the sample under investigation and a resonant probe beam as weak as possible not to give rise to nonlinear absorption. Only a single-broadband probe beam is used for the multiplex experiment to detect the electronic swan band spectrum of C2 molecules in a premixed acetylene–oxygen flame. Comparing the signal of the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) experiment on the same sample, we found that the signal level at which the NRP-FWM starts to show saturation is about 250 times higher than in the case of the DFWM.
Combined data of intravaginal prasterone against vulvovaginal atrophy of menopause (2017)

The efficacy data demonstrate highly positive effects on all the symptoms and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy with no significant drug-related side effects in line with the physiology of menopause and intracrinology.
A Study of Shear Crack Propagation in Spring-loaded DCB Testing (1978)

The research of shear crack propagation with high velocity by spring-loaded DCB testing has a definite objective of obtaining the fracture criterion as well as the material resistance against fracture propagation, which is inseparably related to the establishment of design philosophy against unstable ductile fracture of highly pressurized gas pipelines.The experiments and analyses were performed by DCB testing with several types of specimen geometry as well as with different spring compliances on wide variety of steels. It has been derived that the critical parameter, δc/t (crack opening displacement/material thickness), is a material resistance which is independent of specimen geometry (including curvature of groove), and of spring compliance.It is also shown that the parameter, δc/t, is closely related to the fracture strain at the tip of running shear crack and that the criterion explains well the measured plastic zone width with a simple supplementary calculation. The comparison between the spring-loaded DCB testing with full-scale burst testing of pipelines has been done, using the available data, by estimating the plastic zone width in full-scale testing or by correlating the Jc value with Charpy energy in both testing. The effects of compliance in the springloaded DCB testing are also discussed.
Energy-Dissipating Composite Members with Progressive Failure: Impulsive Response and Experimental Verification (2010)

An experimental investigation of response for tailored one-dimensional energy-dissipating composite members with progressive failure subject to quasi-static and impulsive tensile loading is presented. The tailoring concept relies upon a progressive failure sequence of redundant load paths of tailored strength and length to induce a yield-type response. In a prior publication the authors presented the concept development and analytical modeling of response under quasi-static loading. In this paper, an experimental verification is provided using a universal testing machine for members under quasi-static uniaxial loading. Furthermore, the model is extended to impulsive loading, and a custom-design drop test setup is developed to provide an experimental validation of analytical response. The results obtained confirm the hypothesized progressive failure sequence of redundant load paths, thereby validating the failure tailoring concept, as well as the accuracy and predictive power of the developed models of response in terms of both the number of partial failures induced for a given loading and the increased energy dissipation capability. Potential aerospace applications include snap-resistant tensile structures, for example space tethers, towing and cargo restraint lines, crashworthy helicopter troop seat stroke control straps, and aircraft emergency arrest gear.
HPLC determination of polyamines in urine. (1991)

Determination of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in urine samples of patients was worked out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pre-column derivatization. For HPLC separation, a method of reversed-phase chromatography with gradient elution of water-organic mobile phases, UV and fluorescence detection were applied. Special care was devoted to the preseparation step, the hydrolysis, derivatization and selective extraction of clinical samples. The optimal HPLC conditions were recommended for simultaneous determination of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in a minimal analysis time (about 15 min) and suitable chromatographic resolution values (Rij greater than 1.5). Detection limits for all polyamines were evaluated (40 pmol for putrescine, 25 pmol for spermidine and 20 pmol for spermine) for the analysis of polyamines in the urine. The urine samples of healthy people and the cancer patients were compared and the procedure or the complete analysis has been described.
Laser fluorescence bronchoscope for localization of occult lung tumors (1979)

A system for imaging occult bronchogenic carcinoma by the fluorescence of previously-injected, tumor-specific compound hematoporphyrin-derivative has been assembled and successfully used to locate a tumor 1 mm thick. The violet excitation source is a krypton ion laser coupled to fused quartz fiber light conductor. An electrostatic image intensifier attached to a standard flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope provides a bright image even at relatively low irradiance. A red secondary filter rejects most reflected background and autofluorescence. Sensitivity and contrast capability of the system should permit detection of a tumor less than 0.1 mm thick.
B-ISDN signalling protocol processing for large multiplexed subscriber system (2002)

This paper describes the implementation of a service specific connection oriented protocol (SSCOP) for an B-ISDN signalling protocol. This implementation aims to provide a large multiplexed subscriber system. To handle the many multiplexed signalling links, this paper proposes a buffer management mechanism, a performance protection mechanism, and a redundancy mechanism. We implemented SSCOP and these mechanisms on an LSI and measured the performance. The throughput is 16 Mbps. When the LSI handles 384 signalling links, the data frame processing throughput is 5000 PDU/s. Performance measurement also shows that the polling mechanism of SSCOP for acknowledgement reduces the throughput of large multiplexed signalling systems.
Process for Making Tris(N-methylamino) Methylsilane (1986)

Efficient process aids production of silicon carbide/silicon nitride fibers. Fibers 10 to the sixth power times as electrically resistive as carbon fibers having similar mechanical properties; promising replacements for carbon fibers in composite materials in which high conductivity poses hazard.
Enhanced 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) Production in Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60 by Manipulation of the Key Genes in FDCA Biosynthesis Pathway. (2018)

The compound 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an important bio-based monomer for the production of various polymers, can be obtained from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, efficient production of FDCA from HMF via biocatalysis has not been well studied. In this study, we report the identification of key genes that are involved in FDCA synthesis and then the engineering of <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i> BF60 for biocatalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA using its resting cells. Specifically, previously unknown candidate genes, <i>adhP3</i> and <i>alkR</i>, which were responsible for the reduction of HMF to the undesired product 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (HMF alcohol), were identified by transcriptomic analysis. Combinatorial deletion of these two genes resulted in 85.7% reduction in HMF alcohol formation and 23.7% improvement in FDCA production (242.0 mM). Subsequently, an aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldH, which was responsible for the oxidation of the intermediate 5-formyl-2-furoic acid (FFA) to FDCA, was identified and characterized. Finally, FDCA production was further improved by overexpressing AldH, resulting in a 96.2% yield of 264.7 mM FDCA. Importantly, the identification of these key genes not only contributes to our understanding of the FDCA synthesis pathway in <i>R. ornithinolytica</i> BF60 but also allows for improved FDCA production efficiency. Moreover, this work is likely to provide a valuable reference for producing other furanic chemicals.
A Quantitative Evaluation of Confidence Measures for Stereo Vision (2012)

We present an extensive evaluation of 17 confidence measures for stereo matching that compares the most widely used measures as well as several novel techniques proposed here. We begin by categorizing these methods according to which aspects of stereo cost estimation they take into account and then assess their strengths and weaknesses. The evaluation is conducted using a winner-take-all framework on binocular and multibaseline datasets with ground truth. It measures the capability of each confidence method to rank depth estimates according to their likelihood for being correct, to detect occluded pixels, and to generate low-error depth maps by selecting among multiple hypotheses for each pixel. Our work was motivated by the observation that such an evaluation is missing from the rapidly maturing stereo literature and that our findings would be helpful to researchers in binocular and multiview stereo.
Assessment of possible implications of a neutral beam configuration for CIT (1990)

The present plans for the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) call for the auxiliary heating to be done by RF techniques. However, Goldston has proposed that an alternative scenario might involve running TFTR type ‘‘supershot’’ plasmas with peaked density profiles. This would require central fuelling by deuterium and tritium beams. We have performed a conceptual study of a system to inject negative ion based 300 keV beams of D and T using the available port geometry. We report on the resulting conceptual design, the tritium usage during operation, and the implications for the test cell configuration. Work supported by U.S. DOE Contract Numbers DE‐AC02‐76CHO3073 and DE‐ACO3‐76SF00098.
Practical synthesis of indoles and benzofurans in water using a heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst (2013)

This paper describes the preparation of indoles, azaindoles and benzofurans in pure water by using a new heterogeneous Pd-Cu/C catalyst through a cascade Sonogashira alkynylation-cyclization sequence. Details of the optimization studies and the substrate scope are discussed. This procedure allows the preparation of heterocycles with good yields and is tolerant to a wide variety of functional groups.
MEMS for distributed wireless sensor networks (2003)

MEMS technology is enabling the development of inexpensive, autonomous wireless sensor nodes with volumes ranging from cubic mm to several cubic cm. These tiny sensor nodes can form rapidly deployed, massive distributed networks to allow unobtrusive, spatially dense, sensing and communication. MEMS enable these devices by reducing both the volume and energy consumption of various components. This paper reviews some of the wireless sensor nodes under development and applicable MEMS devices for small and efficient optical communication, micropower generation, and sensing. In addition, CMOS post-process micromachining is discussed as a method of achieving low cost and high integration.
Evaluation of periodate/lysine/paraformaldehyde fixation as a method for cross-linking plasma membrane glycoproteins. (1981)

Fixation by periodate/lysine/paraformaldehyde, a method purported to cross-link specifically plasma membrane glycoproteins, was evaluated using Novikoff rat ascites hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cells were treated with periodate/lysine, periodate/glycine, and periodate/lysine/paraformaldehyde and subsequently reduced with NaB3H4. The glycoproteins labeled with 3H were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and visualized by fluorography. The effects of reactant concentrations on 3H-labeling of cellular components, cell viability, and cross-linkage of 3H-labeled proteins were examined. The effect of increasing the localized density of plasma membrane glycoproteins on the extent of cross-linkage by periodate and lysine was investigated using cells in which patching of the plasma membrane glycoproteins had been induced by ferritin-conjugated concanavalin A/rabbit antiferritin antiserum. Also investigated was the periodate-independent to mixtures of periodate and lysine or glycine. Results of these studies did not support a mechanism of cross-linking involving reaction between the free base lysin and aldehyde groups on periodate oxidized carbohydrate residues but suggested a complex interaction between periodate oxidized plasma membrane glycoproteins and polymeric complexes of lysine and formaldehyde.U
Sentinel Lymph Node Evaluation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2001)

SLN evaluation in N0 neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is accurately feasible and seems to adequately predict the presence of occult metastasis.
Evaluation of the accuracy of complex illuminator designs (2011)

Complex illuminators used for optical lithography or lithographic simulators typically have a slight loss of fidelity when compared to the original illuminator design. It is usually not obvious what the lithographic effects of this loss of fidelity will be. A series of computer-designed illuminators with multiple intensity levels was designed and built for use in an Aerial Image Measurement System<sup>1,2</sup> (AIMS<sup>TM</sup>)<sup>+</sup>. Images of the various illuminators were recorded and correlated with the original designs. Images of photomasks with programmed defects were captured using these illuminators and the results were compared with simulations using the physical illumination pattern and the ideal illumination design. The results showed that small deviations between the illuminator design and the physically constructed illuminator had very little effect on the aerial images or defect sensitivity. Larger deviations from the illuminator design have increasingly significant effects on defect sensitivity.
Multiview, multimodal fusion of acoustic and optical data for classifying marine animals (2011)

Multiview, multimodal acoustic and optical sensor data can be used to improve our ability to remotely classify marine fish and zooplankton. A key advantage of these data is that by capturing more views of a subject, they are more robust to unknown orientation or pose. In this regard, these data offer significant advantages over singleview, unimodal sources. However, they require additional processing to combine data sources together to render a final classification. Here, a fusion algorithm based on combining data sources at the classification probability level (decision fusion) using confidence-weighting with feedback is investigated. This algorithm uses support vector machines as the underlying classifiers can incorporate any number of views or modalities on the fly and is in general independent of the underlying data source. In addition, the algorithm is able to favor views or modalities that are more discriminant without any a priori knowledge. The algorithm is tested on an array of problems related to classifying fish from broadband acoustic scattering and classifying zooplankton from broadband acoustic scattering and optical images. In all cases, the algorithm yields significant (more than 50%) reductions in error by fusing multiview, multimodal data.