gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible virtual capacitance control strategy for a DC microgrid with multiple constraints (2020)

In a DC microgrid, the anti‐interference ability of bus voltage can easily become vulnerable due to low inertia caused by a large number of power electronic converters. This has already challenged the system stability and practicability in DC girds. In this study, a flexible virtual capacitance (FVC) control strategy with multiple constraints (MCs) is proposed to guarantee the security and stability of the DC microgrid, where the system stability, dynamic characteristics, actual operation requirements and realisability are considered as MCs. The FVC controller, which mainly modifies the reference current in voltage source converter by flexibly regulating virtual capacitance value, is given to provide inertial support and improve voltage quality. The stable operating boundary calculation based on small signal model and key control parameters design are further introduced into the control loop. This can ameliorate the dynamic response of the microgrid and obtain the better engineering practicability. Finally, experiment tests on a controller‐level hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation platform are carried out to verify the validity of the proposed strategy.
Vaccination against avian encephalomyelitis with special reference to the spray method. (1976)

Three vaccination methods against avian encephalomyelitis have been tested in different types of housing. The product used was a vaccine improved by Philips-Duphar, having an optimal disseminative and immunogenic capacity, and a high virus titer per bird dose. We have tested: 1) administration per os in 2-5% of the flock, 2) administration via drinking water in the whole flock and 3) spray vaccination. Observations by Schneider (1967), that administration in the beak in part of the animals may only be satisfactory under optimal conditions, have herewith been confirmed. With the actual rearing on batteries, the chance of horizontal spreading of the vaccine virus is minimal. The two other methods of administration eliminate this problem. Already 3 weeks after vaccination more than 50% of the animals show a positive serological reaction. Later this level increases quickly to more than 80%, even in batteries. Under widely varying circumstances (concentaration of animals, ventilation, length of water tubes, etc) a dosage response effect becomes apparent. The practical results obtainable will be dependent on the titer of the vaccine, care while vaccinating and conditions of housing.
Meta Dynamic States for Self Healing Autonomic Computing Systems (2006)

Studying the fundamental behavior of complex systems for emergent systemic properties forms the foundation for designing robust and intelligent systems. Computational systems like autonomic computing systems (ACS) are no different. Researchers working on designing ACS are faced with a challenge trying to identify what it is that bestows autonomic behavior to such systems. Complex systems exhibit complex behavior like homeostasis, robustness etc, but the way they achieve is probably very simple. This paper is an attempt to view ACS as complex dynamical systems exhibiting certain lower order behaviors, which can be used as scaffolding to construct higher order behaviors like homeostasis, robustness and self-healing. The technique discussed here exploits the simple behavior of all dynamical systems organizing their state space into attractors and basins of attractors and uses it to impart homeostatic properties to such systems. This is a classic case of higher level orders emerging out of the lower level order for free.
Cerebral ischemia : molecular and cellular pathophysiology (1999)

Part I. Overview. Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemic Damage, Costantino Iadecola. Part II. Factors in the Brain Microenvironment. Spreading Depression Waves as Mediators of Secondary Injury and of Protective Mechanisms, Anna Irwin and Wolfgang Walz. Cell Swelling in Cerebral Ischemia, Harold K. Kimelberg. Calcium Overload, Paul Morley, Joseph S. Tauskela, and Antoine M. Hakim. Oxygen Radicals, Pak H. Chan. Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Cytokines: Pleiotrophic Effects of TNFa and TGFb on Brain Injury, Annadora J. Bruce-Keller and Mark P. Mattson. Part III. Cellular Changes. Reprogramming of Gene Expression After Ischemia,Thaddeus S. Nowak, Jr. and Marika Kiessling. Neurons: Necrotic vs Apoptotic Changes, Koji Abe. Reactive Astrogliosis in the Injured and Postischemic Brain, Ronald Jabs, Lane K. Bekar, and Wolfgang Walz. Activated and Phagocytic Microglia,Yoichi Kondo. Index.
Evaluation of herpes simplex thymidine kinase mediated gene therapy in experimental pancreatic cancer (2000)

HSV-tk gene transfer followed by GCV treatment is efficient in killing pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, in a transduced subcutaneous tumor model, as well as in in vivo transduced pancreatic tumors using an immunocompetent animal model. These results highlight the potential of gene therapy to treat experimental pancreatic cancer.
Direct Formation of Mesostructured Silica‐Based Hybrids from Novel Siloxane Oligomers with Long Alkyl Chains (2003)

Hybride auf Kieselgelbasis mit lamellaren oder hexagonalen Strukturen entstehen direkt aus neuartigen Alkylsiloxan-Oligomeren 1. Diese Selbstorganisations-Strategie öffnet einen Zugang zu geordnetem mikroporösem Kieselgel und mesostrukturierten kieselgelbasierten Hybridmaterialien (siehe Schema: 1. Hydrolyse und Polykondensation, 2. Selbstorganisation).
A Compact and Continuous Reformulation of the Strachan TaOx Memristor Model With Improved Numerical Stability (2021)

We present a compact, continuous, and numerically stable version of a tantalum oxide (TaOx) memristor model which can be employed for robust and reliable simulations of large scale memristor based circuits. The original model contains a piecewise differentiable function in the memductance expression and discontinuous step functions in the state equation. Additionally, the original model does not set a proper upper bound for the state variable and may admit blowing up solutions due to an exponential power term, preventing the use of it for numerically reliable simulations. Considering these drawbacks, we modify the original model so as to i) simplify the memductance function while removing its piecewise differentiable nonlinearity, ii) include a proper window function for the ON state dynamics, which is missing in the original model, iii) modify and bound the exponential power term to prevent an uncontrollable blow-up of the solutions, and iv) apply a process called unification, allowing us to remove the step functions inherent in the model, which is a novelty in state-limited memristor models. We validate the accuracy of the proposed model via DC and transient simulations, dynamic route map analysis and a Spice implementation of an anti-series configuration, showing the applicability of the model.
Ground penetrating radar applied to rebar corrosion inspection (2013)

In this paper we investigate the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) to detect corrosion-induced thinning of rebar in concrete bridge structures. We consider a simple pulse/echo amplitude-based inspection, positing that the backscattered response from a thinned rebar will be smaller than the similar response from a fully-intact rebar. Using a commercial 1600-MHz GPR system we demonstrate that, for laboratory specimens, backscattered amplitude measurements can detect a thinning loss of 50% in rebar diameter over a short length. GPR inspections on a highway bridge then identify several rebar with unexpectedly low amplitudes, possibly signaling thinning. To field a practical amplitude-based system for detecting thinned rebar, one must be able to quantify and assess the many factors that can potentially contribute to GPR signal amplitude variations. These include variability arising from the rebar itself (e.g., thinning) and from other factors (concrete properties, antenna orientation and liftoff, etc.). We report on early efforts to model the GPR instrument and the inspection process so as to assess such variability and to optimize inspections. This includes efforts to map the antenna radiation pattern, to predict how backscattered responses will vary with rebar size and location, and to assess detectability improvements via synthetic aperture focusing techniques (SAFT).
Variable Property Piston Effect (2001)

The use of the van der Waals equation of state for numerical simulation of the piston effect results in underpredicting the magnitude of the pressure wave by 38% while overpredicting the acoustic heating by 13% compared to using a real gas equation of state from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. When evaluating the piston effect at conditions typical of cryogenic storage systems, the pressure response of the fluid was observed to be tens of kilopascals. This pressure response was six orders of magnitude larger than had been reported in previous research. The extent of the acoustic heating resulted in temperature increases in the bulk fluid that was measured in tens of milliKelvins. Previous researchers reported temperature increases in microKelvins, four orders of magnitude smaller than observed in this research effort.
Topics in Computational Number Theory Inspired by Peter L. Montgomery (2017)

Book summary page views Book summary page views help Close Book summary page views help Book summary views reflect the number of visits to the book and chapter landing pages. Total views: 0 * Loading metrics...
High-temperature protonic conduction in LaBO<sub>3</sub> substituted with alkaline earth elements (2015)

Electrical conduction properties of the aragonite-type LaBO3-based materials, in which La was substituted partially by Ca, Sr and Ba, were investigated at 500–925°C with conductivity and transport-number measurements. From X-ray diffraction measurements, it was confirmed that a solubility limit of Sr to the La site is between 1 and 2 mol %. When the substitution content exceeded the solubility limit, the conductivities decreased with increasing the concentration. Such a deterioration in the conductivity was considered to be resulted from an impurity-phase formation. Regardless of substitution species, the LaBO3 exhibited predominant protonic conduction by the partial substitution of the alkaline earth elements for La, and the Sr-substituted sample showed the highest conductivities. The proton transport numbers were estimated as 0.7–0.9 from electromotive forces of water-vapor and oxygen concentration cells.
pH‐Triggered Dispersion of Nanoparticle Clusters (2006)

The suspense of dispersion! Nanoparticle clusters with a hydrolyzable interparticle barrier have been synthesized. These clusters are able to disperse into a stable colloid at a rate dependent upon the pH of the surrounding solution (see figure). This method could enable novel applications for colloidal clusters paired with environmentally responsive materials. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0610_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Strongly Enhanced Pinning of Magnetic Vortices in Type-II Superconductors by Conformal Crystal Arrays (2013)

Conformal crystals are nonuniform structures created by a conformal transformation of regular two-dimensional lattices. We show that gradient-driven vortices interacting with a conformal pinning array exhibit substantially stronger pinning effects over a much larger range of field than found for random or periodic pinning arrangements. The pinning enhancement is partially due to matching of the critical flux gradient with the pinning gradient, but the preservation of local ordering in the conformally transformed hexagonal lattice and the arching arrangement of the pinning also play crucial roles. Our results can be generalized to a wide class of gradient-driven interacting particle systems such as colloids on optical trap arrays.
What am I doing?: automatic construction of an agent's state-transition diagram through introspection (2012)

Infrastructures for implementing agent architectures are currently unaware of what tasks the implemented agent is performing. Such knowledge would allow the infrastructure to improve the agent's autonomy and reliability. For example, the infrastructure could detect abnormal system states, predict likely faults and take preventive measures ahead of time, or balance system load based on predicted computational needs. In this paper we introduce a learning algorithm to automatically discover a state-transition model of the agent's behavior. The algorithm monitors the communication between architectural components, in the form of function calls, and finds the frequencies at which various functions are polled. It then determines the states according to what polling frequencies are active at any time. The two main novel features of the algorithm are that it is completely unsupervised (it requires no human input) and task-agnostic (it can be applied to any new task or architecture with minimal effort).
3.5-Inch QCIF AMOLED Panels with Ultra-low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor on Plastic Substrate (2008)

In this paper, we describe the fabrication of 3.5-inch QCIF active matrix organic light emitting display (AMOLED) panels driven by thin film transistors, which are produced by an ultra-low-temperature polycrystalline silicon process on plastic substrates. The over all processing scheme and technical details are discussed from the viewpoint of mechanical stability and display performance. New ideas, such as a new triple-layered metal gate structure to lower leakage current and organic layers for electrical passivation and stress reduction are highlighted. The operation of a 3.5-inch QCIF AMOLED is also demonstrated.
A New Gender-Based Model for Women's Recovery From Substance Abuse: Results of a Pilot Outcome Study (2007)

Despite repeated calls for gender-based recovery models for women, there has been a lack of empirical research on this topic. We thus sought to evaluate a women's manual-based substance use disorder recovery model in a pilot study. Participants were opioid-dependent women in a methadone maintenance treatment program who received 12 sessions of the gender-based model in group format over two months. Assessment was conducted before and after the intervention, with results indicating significant improvements in drug use (verified by urinalysis), impulsive-addictive behavior, global improvement, and knowledge of the treatment concepts. Patients' high attendance rate (87% of available sessions) and strong treatment satisfaction additionally support the potential use of this treatment model. Future research would benefit from larger samples and enhanced scientific methodology.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the New Layered Fluorogallophosphate Mu-23 (2002)

Mu-23, [(C(6)H(15)N(2))(C(6)H(16)N(2))Ga(5)F(6)(H(2)O)(2)(PO(4))(4)] x 4 H(2)O, the first layered fluorinated gallophosphate with a Ga/P molar ratio of 5:4, was obtained in the presence of fluoride ions with 1,4-dimethylpiperazine as an organic template. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (no. 2) with unit cell parameters a=8.735(11), b=8.864(5), c=12.636(10) A, alpha=98.36(5), beta=100.18(8), gamma=115.84(7) degrees. The layers consist of GaO(2)F(3)(H(2)O), GaO(4)F(2) octahedra, and GaO(4) and PO(4) tetrahedra; these moieties share their oxygen and some of their fluorine atoms. The connectivity scheme of these different polyhedra leads to the formation of eight-membered rings.
Optical resonance and two-level atoms (1987)

"Coherent and lucid…a valuable summary of a subject to which [the authors] have made significant contributions by their own research." - Contemporary PhysicsOffering an admirably clear account of the basic principles behind all quantum optical resonance phenomena, and hailed as a valuable contribution to the literature of nonlinear optics, this distinguished work provides graduate students and research physicists probing fields such as laser physics, quantum optics, nonlinear optics, quantum electronics, and resonance optics an ideal introduction to the study of the interaction of electroma
Can phase masks extend depth-of-field in localization microscopy? (2020)

In localization microscopy, the position of isolated fluorescent emitters are estimated with a resolution better than the diffraction limit. In order to image thick samples, which are common in biological applications, there is considerable interest in extending the depth-of-field of such microscopes in order to make their accuracy as invariant as possible to defocus. For that purpose, we propose to optimize annular binary phase masks placed in the pupil of the microscope in order to generate a point spread function for which the localization accuracy is almost invariant along the optical axis. The optimization criterion is defined as the localization accuracy in the plane expressed in terms of the Cram´er-Rao bound. We show that the optimal masks significantly increase the depth-of-field of single-molecule imaging techniques relatively to an usual microscope objective.
Roles of multipolar resonances and dual plasmonic modes for SERS hot spots (2020)

The hexagonal silver-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) array grown in self-assembled anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannels have been successfully demonstrated to show reliable enhanced Raman-scattering signal. In this work, we systematically explored the roles of multipolar resonances for Ag-NP/AAO substrates in affecting the signal amplification, the background noise, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio at three typical wavelengths for Raman spectroscopy (532 nm, 633nm, and 785 nm). In addition, a duel-resonant system consisting of Ag-NPs embedded in a sinusoidal-shaped AAO/Al substrate was also investigated. The grating structure enables the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to further couple with the generated hots spots between adjacent Ag-NPs and meanwhile provides a diffraction dispersion which is beneficial for spectral detection.
Autophagy in Podocytes (2014)

Background: Podocyte injury and loss, caused by a variety of insults, is a common and determining factor for the progression of glomerular diseases. Being postmitotic and highly differentiated, podocytes have no or a very limited ability to proliferate or regenerate. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that help maintain and defend podocytes is of great importance. Autophagy is a cellular process by which cytoplasmic cargos are sequestered within autophagosomes and then delivered to lysosomes for degradation and turnover. Recent research has highlighted an important role of autophagy in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Summary: A high basal level of autophagy is a characteristic hallmark of differentiated podocytes, which may contribute critically to the structural and functional integrity of the cells. Autophagy is also essential for long-term podocyte homeostasis in aging, protecting podocytes against cellular degeneration and age-related kidney diseases. In glomerular diseases, alteration of autophagic activity may be an adaptive and protective mechanism against podocyte injury and disease progression. Recent studies have further suggested an intriguing and unique interplay between mTOR signaling and autophagy in podocytes. Key Messages: Altogether, these findings unveil an emerging role of autophagy in the physiology and pathology of podocytes. Further work should elucidate the regulatory mechanism of autophagy in podocytes, determine its pathophysiological role in various kidney diseases, and test autophagy-targeting therapies.
Near infrared electrochromism of doped colloidal nanocrystals (2011)

Electronically doped metal oxide nanocrystals, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) exhibit surface plasmon absorption in the near IR (NIR). In addn., chem. strategies have been developed for achieving conducting networks of nanocrystals that were initially passivated by insulating hydrocarbon ligands. Starting with well-controlled colloidal synthesis, we achieve nanoporous films with variable feature size and doping level. We are investigating these films' potential as electrochromic coatings that selectively modulate NIR transmittance while maintaining near unity transparency for visible light, which is of keen interest for energy efficient windows. Positioning a nanocrystal film as the working electrode in an electrochem. cell, the carrier population - and thus the NIR transmittance - responds dynamically to an applied bias. Work is underway to correlate the dynamic spectral response with doping and nanocrystal size variations and, eventually, to optimize the dynamic range of transmittance for solar NIR radiation.
Global Synchronization Protection for Packet Queues (2016)

The congestion avoidance processes of transmission capacity sharing
TCP flows tend to be synchronized among each other, so that the rate
variations of the individual flows do not compensate. In contrary,
they accumulate into large variations of the whole aggregate. The
effect is known as global synchronization. Large queuing buffer demand
and large latency and jitter are the consequences. Global
Synchronization Protection (GSP) is an extension of regular tail drop
packet queuing schemes that prevents global synchronization. For large
traffic aggregates the de-correlation between the individual flow
variations reduces buffer demand and packet sojourn time by an order
of magnitude and more. Even though quite simple, the solution has a
theoretical background and is not heuristic. It has been tested with a
Linux kernel implementation and shows equivalent performance as other
relevant AQM schemes.
The premelting of ice and its environmental consequences (1995)

Several mechanisms can extend the equilibrium domain of a liquid phase into the solid region of the normal phase diagram. The causes of premelting, which include surface melting, interface curvature and substrate disorder, occur in all types of substances, including H2O. In the case of H2O, premelting can have important environmental consequences, among which are the heaving of frozen ground, breakdown of rock and concrete, sintering of snow, flow of glaciers, scavenging of atmospheric trace gases by snow and ice, and the electrification of thunderclouds. The article reviews the basic mechanisms of premelting and discusses their roles in the environmental phenomena. The principal results of numerous studies are reviewed, and trends in current research are outlined.