gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full‐scale evaluation of factors affecting the performance of anoxic selectors (1997)

Five full‐scale nitrifying activated‐sludge systems incorporating anoxic selectors were evaluated. Operating records were reviewed to determine selector performance (filament control) and to identify operating conditions that affected selector performance. Key operating parameters found to influence anoxic selector performance were selector loading, expressed in terms of the selector food‐to‐microorganism (F:M) ratio, wastewater temperature, and activated‐sludge system aerobic solids retention time (SRT). A target selector F:M ratio of 0.7 to 1.2 kg CBOD 5 (carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand)/kg MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) · d (lower values at cooler temperatures, higher values at warmer temperatures) and an aerobic SRT of 8 to 12 days were found to produce excellent selector performance. Increasing selector F:M or system aerobic SRT to greater than these ranges was found to result in persistent filamentous bulking.
3GPP RAN standards for small cells (2015)

The so-called Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolved version, LTE-Advanced, is currently the most prominent and advanced mobile communication system. When it was designed and standardized, starting in 2004 and first released in 2008 as Release 8, it was targeted mainly for macro base station networks with uniform, well-planned and deployed high-power nodes where coverage, mobility, and the provision of high throughput across large areas are at the heart of its requirements. As a consequence, small cell (or low-power node) deployments together with high-power macro base stations were not considered for the original designs. The specific issues with the introduction of small cells in the system therefore cannot be addressed sufficiently without additional features to deal with interference, mobility, traffic load management, etc., related to such deployments.
ChemInform Abstract: APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF STEFFIMYCINS. PREPARATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF (.+‐.)‐8‐DEMETHOXY‐7‐EPI(?)STEFFIMYCINONE (1983)

Abstract Aus dem Chornaphthochinon (I) und dem Dien (II) erhält man ein Addukt (III), das über die Zwischenstufen (IV) bis (VI) in die im Titel genannte Verbindung (VII) übergeführt wird.
Stability of a threshold-recall control self-organizing recurrent neural network (2003)

The stability of a recurrent neural network that is made up of neurons that show the activation recall dependent excitation threshold is studied. The activation function of every neuron in the network is adjusted based on the neuron activation recall. The activation threshold of the neuron is considered to be a function of the neuron activation response. Bias-adjusting neurons and activation-threshold-adjusting neurons are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conductometric sensor based on nanostructured titanium oxide thin film deposited on polyimide substrate with dissimilar metallic electrodes (2008)

A conductometric sensor was fabricated on flexible polyimide substrate with using interdigital transducer (IDT) formed by periodic Au and Cr tracks and coated with a TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanostructured sensitive layer. Thin films of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> were deposited using the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were employed for the characterization of thin films. The sensor was tested towards humidity changes at room temperature.
Quench Characteristics in Superconducting Coils Fabricated by Various FRP Bobbins (2005)

In coils using low temperature superconductor, a wire motion due to an electromagnetic force observably reduces stability. It is quite important to prevent the wire motion under a DC operation. We aim to improve stability by means of an intensification of a winding tension at cryogenic temperature. The technique is the use of the bobbins whose thermal expansion coefficients are negative. For experiments, superconducting coils were fabricated with various conditions; materials of bobbins, thermal expansion properties, and winding tensions at room temperature. And quench characteristics were measured under the DC operation. Applying a standard deviation of quench currents, we discussed about the relation between fluctuation and the amplitude of the quench currents. In the results, stable quench characteristics were obtained in the coils which were not extremely contracted in the direction of the circumference.
Optimization of LC–NMR. III—Increased signal‐to‐noise ratio through column trapping (1998)

Significant gains in LC–NMR signal-to-noise ratio are obtained by selective concentration of chromatographic peaks on a chromatographic column using D2O to fix the sample on the solid phase. A deuterated organic solvent is used to remove the sample from the column and into the NMR flow cell, which removes the need for presaturation of solvent resonances. Deuterated solvents unrelated to the original eluent are used in order to minimize spectral overlap between solvent and solute. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Androgen (Testosterone, 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, 19-Nortestosterone) Administration on Growth in Turkeys (1992)

The present studies examined the effect of three androgens, testosterone, a reduced form 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT), and the readily aromatizable anabolic androgen, 19-nortestosterone, on growth in male and female turkeys. Growth (body weight, average daily gain, and right breast muscle weight) was increased by testosterone (females), 5 alpha-DHT (males and females), and 19-nortestosterone (males and females). Moreover, both feed:gain ratio and the weight of abdominal adipose tissue was reduced in turkeys treated with testosterone (females), 5 alpha-DHT (males and females), and 19-nortestosterone (females and males). Bursa of Fabricius weights were reduced in androgen-treated male or female turkeys with the decrease following 19-nortestosterone being greater than those observed with either testosterone or 5 alpha-DHT. Androgen treatment had no effect on skeletal growth (as indicated by shank-toe length) or weights of the liver, spleen, or testes. In female turkeys, plasma concentrations of hormones were determined following androgen treatment. No effects were observed on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I or luteinizing hormone after any androgen treatment. Testosterone administration was followed by a physiological increase in the plasma concentrations of testosterone. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone were unaffected by either 5 alpha-DHT or 19-nortestosterone but reduced by the high dose of testosterone. The effect of castration on growth in the presence or absence of 19-nortestosterone was also examined. Castration did not depress growth compared with sham-operated controls, but increased adiposity. 19-Nortestosterone increased growth of castrated turkeys, increased muscle weight, and reduced abdominal adipose tissue weight.
Automated Laboratory Infiltrometer to Estimate Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Using an Arduino Microcontroller Board (2018)

This paper describes the design, calibration and testing processes of a new device named Automated Laboratory Infiltrometer (ALI). It allows to determinate in laboratory, under controlled conditions the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of altered or unaltered soil samples which is a key parameter to understand the movement of water through a porous medium. The ALI combines the advantages of three different approaches: measures vertical infiltration rates in a soil column, measures the actual volumes of vertically drained water through the soil column, and finally, uses heat as a natural tracer to determinate water flux rates through the porous medium; all those parameters are used to determinate Ks. The ALI was developed using the popular Arduino microcontroller board and commercially available sensors that give the whole system a low cost. Data from the ALI are recorded in a microSD memory so they can be easily read from any spreadsheet software helping to reduce time consuming and avoiding reading errors. The performance of this device was evaluated by comparing the water flow rates determined by the three approaches for which is designed; an excellent correlation among them was observed (worst correlation: R2 = 0.9826 and r-RSME = 0.94%).
vuv emissions from mixtures of F2 and the noble gases—A molecular F2 laser at 1575 Å (1977)

We have observed two new emission features in electron-beam-excited mixtures of molecular fluorine with either neon or helium. One feature is a continuum centered at 1080 Å which we attribute to NeF*. The other emission feature is a band system extending from 1500–1600 Å which we attribute to a transition of molecular fluorine. This transition lased near 1575 Å.
Brillouin-Loss Enabled Noise Figure Improvement for Chip-Based Tunable Microwave Photonic Filters (2019)

We compare the noise figure (NF) of chip-based tunable microwave photonic bandpass filters using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) gain and loss responses, respectively. The filter using SBS loss scheme exhibits 10-dB lower NF than that using SBS gain scheme.
Integrated Frequency-Tunable Microwave Photonic Bandpass Filter on a Silicon Photonic Chip (2018)

A photonic integrated frequency-tunable microwave photonic bandpass filter consisting of a high-speed phase modulator, a thermally-tunable high-Q microdisk resonator, and a high-speed photodetector, fully integrated on a silicon platform, is designed, fabricated and characterized.
Foam injection molding of magneto sensitive polymer composites (2019)

The purpose of this work is obtaining magneto sensitive foamed parts made by iron microparticles distributed in a flexible polymer matrix. The material adopted is a compound of a thermoplastic elastomer with 20% by weight of iron microparticles. In particular, a masterbatch containing 50% by weight of iron microparticles was obtained by melt compounding in a twin screw extruder and was then diluted with the pure polymer directly in the hopper of the injection molding machine. A conventional injection molding machine was adapted to carry out the microcellular injection molding process. The cylinder of the injection molding machine was modified to host a system for controlling the quantity of gas injected during the batching step. The screw was modified introducing a mixing section in order to improve the dissolution of the gas inside the melt. An aluminum mold was designed and built in order to host an electro-magnet able to apply a magnetic field (up to 0.2 Tesla) during the injection and foaming steps. The samples obtained by foam injection molding achieved a density reduction up to 40% when compared with the corresponding non-foamed samples. In the case of samples obtained in the presence of magnetic field, the iron particles aligned in the direction of the field and organize into fibrillar structures of variable length. The mechanical tests have shown that the samples in which the iron particles are aligned in the direction of the magnetic field have a higher modulus compared to samples in which the particles are randomly dispersed. Furthermore, it was verified that the magnetic field aligned particles induces an anisotropic structural reinforcement. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to obtain an alignment of filler particles by a magnetic field applied during foam injection molding
Extracellular immune checkpoint molecules released from HTLV-1-infected cells mount immune suppression in the context of neuroinflammation (2023)

Abstract HTLV associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic, progressive neuroinflammatory demyelinating condition of the spinal cord. We have previously shown that aberrant expression and activity of immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules – PD-1/PD-L1, negatively associates with the cytolytic potential of T cells in individuals with HAM/TSP. Interestingly, ICPs can exist in soluble cell-free form and can be carried on extracellular vesicles (EV) and exosomes (small EVs, &amp;lt;200nm) while maintaining their immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, we investigated the role of soluble/EV membrane-bound ICPs in HTLV-1 associated neuroinflammation. We first profiled a range of ICP mediators in sera of HAM/TSP patients, and in purified exosomes from HAM/TSP-derived HTLV-1-producing (OSP2) cells. ICPs, such as BTLA, LAG-3, and PD-L2, were elevated in the plasma samples of patients at the levels comparable to their presence in EVs from OSP2 cells, primarily in exosomal fractions. These exosomal ICPs were found to be functional and adversely affected healthy CD8 T-cell functions. Viral proteins and cytokines (IFNγ) were also found to be present in purified exosomes. IFNγ exposure boosted release of ICP molecules while antiretroviral drugs significantly inhibited this process. HTLV-1 b-Zip protein (HBZ) has been linked to factors that enhance EV release and its knockdown here led to reduced expression of several endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) associated genes as well as abrogated release of ICP molecules, suggesting a transcriptional control. Collectively, these findings highlight potential new immunotherapeutic avenues to be explored that may slow or reverse the risk or progression of HAM/TSP. NIH/NINDS: R01 NS097147 to P.J.
Identifying directional connections in brain networks via multi-kernel granger models (2017)

Granger causality based approaches are popular in unveiling directed interactions among brain regions. The present work advocates a multi-kernel based nonlinear model for obtaining the effective connectivity between brain regions, by wedding the merits of partial correlation in undirected topology identification with the ability of partial Granger causality (PGC) to estimate edge directionality. The premise is that existing linear PGC approaches may be inadequate for capturing certain dependencies, whereas available nonlinear connectivity models lack data adaptability that multi-kernel learning methods can offer. The proposed approach is tested on both synthetic and real resting-state fMRI data, with the former illustrating the gains in directed edge presence detection performance, as compared to existing PGC methods, and with the latter highlighting differences in the estimated test statistics.
Variational Approach Based Image Pre- Processing Techniques for Virtual Colonoscopy (2011)

Colorectal cancer includes cancer of the colon, rectum, anus and appendix. Since it is largely preventable, it is extremely important to detect and treat the colorectal cancer in the earliest stage. Virtual colonoscopy is an emerging screening technique for colon cancer. One component of virtual colonoscopy, image preprocessing, is important for colonic polyp detection/diagnosis, feature extraction and classification. This chapter aims at an accurate and fast colon segmentation algorithm and a general variational-approach based framework for image pre-processing techniques, which include 3D colon isosurface generation and 3D centerline extraction for navigation. The proposed framework has been validated on 20 real CT Colonography (CTC) datasets. The average segmentation accuracy has achieved 96.06%, and it just takes about 5 minutes for a single CT scan of 512*512*440. All the 12 colonic polyps with sizes of 6 mm and above in the 20 clinical CTC datasets are found by this work.
Phasing a segmented telescope (2015)

A crucial part of segmented or multiple-aperture systems is control of the optical path difference between the segments or subapertures. In order to achieve optimal performance we have to phase subapertures to within a fraction of the wavelength, and this requires high accuracy of positioning for each subaperture. We present simulations and hardware realization of a simulated annealing algorithm in an active optical system with sparse segments. In order to align the optical system we applied the optimization algorithm to the image itself. The main advantage of this method over traditional correction methods is that wave-front-sensing hardware and software are no longer required, making the optical and mechanical system much simpler. The results of simulations and laboratory experiments demonstrate the ability of this optimization algorithm to correct both piston and tip-tilt errors.
Artificial Tear Composition and Promotion of Recovery of the Damaged Corneal Epithelium (1993)

In severe dry eye syndromes the corneal epithelium is compromised with development of punctate erosions and increased permeability. In the present study the ability of artificial tear solutions to promote recovery of the corneal epithelial barrier was determined by measurement of corneal uptake of 5,6 carboxyfluorescein (CF). Corneas of anesthetized rabbits were exposed to 0.01% benzalkonium for 5 min to increase epithelial permeability. The cornea was then exposed to an artificial tear solution for 1.5 h followed by measurement of CF uptake. During exposure to three commercial isotonic, nonpreserved solutions and a solution preserved with polyquaternium-1, CF uptake decreased significantly but did not return to control. No recovery of the epithelial barrier occurred during exposure of corneas to nonpreserved hypotonic solutions. During exposure to an experimental tear solution with an electrolyte composition similar to human tears, buffered with bicarbonate, CF uptake returned to control levels. Bicarbonate is an essential component of this solution because the same formula buffered with borate or without buffer was ineffective in promoting recovery of the damaged corneal epithelium.
Chronic Postoperative Breast Pain: Danger Zones for Nerve Injuries (2011)

By shifting the approach to chronic breast pain from "global chronic breast pain" to defined danger zones of nerve injury, the practitioner can identify the type of nerve injury and associate the most common nerve injury to a given breast procedure. This approach should assist in diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately improve patient morbidity.
Sex-specific vagal and spinal modulation of swallow and its coordination with breathing (2020)

Swallow-breathing coordination is influenced by changes in lung volume, which is modulated by feedback from both vagal and spinal sensory afferents. The purpose of this study was to manipulate feedback from these afferents, with and without a simultaneous mechanical challenge (chest compression), in order to assess the influence of each sensory pathway on swallow in rats. We hypothesized that manipulation of afferent feedback would shift the occurrence of swallow toward the inspiratory phase of breathing. Afferent feedback was perturbed by lidocaine nebulization, extra-thoracic vagotomy, or lidocaine administration to the pleural space in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized rats (N = 43). These different afferent perturbations were performed both in control conditions (no chest compression), and with chest compression. Manipulating pulmonary stretch receptor-mediated volume feedback in male animals decreased swallow occurrence. Female rats appear to rely more on spinal afferent feedback, as swallow occurrence shifted to late expiration with chest compression and vagotomy or lidocaine injections. Results suggest that sex-specific mechanisms modulate swallow-breathing coordination, and that vagal feedback is inhibitory to swallow-related muscles, while spinal feedback from pleural afferents has excitatory effects. This study supports the theory that a balance of vagal and spinal afferent feedback is necessary to maintain an optimal swallow pattern and swallow-breathing coordination.
La durée de la prescription est déterminée par la nature de la créance (2006)

International audience
DNA methyltransferase inhibition promotes recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment through induction of tumor cell-intrinsic interleukin-1 (2022)

DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are used for treatment of certain hematological malignancies and exert anti-cancer activity through diverse mechanisms, including reexpression of tumor suppressor genes and anti-viral responses triggered by expression of endogenous retroviruses. Despite advances in the pharmacokinetic properties of DNMT inhibitors, the efficacy of these drugs in solid cancers remains low. Here, we show in cell lines and clinical and experimental tumors across multiple cancer types that DNMT inhibition induces the expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine with proinflammatory and protumorigenic properties. Specifically, this tumor-intrinsic IL-1 expression modulates the chemokine landscape of tumors and leads to the recruitment of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment, processes that can be blocked by IL-1 antagonists. Molecular analysis demonstrates complex patterns of IL-1 and interferon activation and crosstalk in response to DNMT inhibition, which depend on the integrity of IRF- and NF-κB-mediated antiviral pathways and may determine the outcome of DNMT-inhibitor treatment. Together, our results show that DNMT inhibitors may negatively affect the microenvironment of a large subset of tumors and suggest that co-treatment with IL-1 antagonists may be a favorable combination for these patients.
An improved secondary path modeling method for active noise control systems (2000)

A method to improve the performance of the secondary path modeling for active noise control systems is proposed in this letter. The proposed method can further reduce the distortion introduced by the primary noise and the canceling signal to the secondary path modeling. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method can provide faster convergence and higher modeling accuracy.
Leuconostoc oenos and malolactic fermentation in wine: a review (1999)

This review article summarizes the state of the art on Leuconostoc oenos, the bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine. Both basic and practical aspects related to the metabolism of this microorganism and malolactic fermentation in general are critically reviewed. The former examines the role of genetics for the identification and classification of L. oenos and energetic mechanisms on solute transport (malic and lactic acid). The latter includes practical information on biomass production, optimal growth conditions and stress factors, which are important in growth optimization of malolactic starter cultures. Extensive data and references on the effect of malolactic fermentation on wine composition and sensory analysis are also included.
Electronic properties of the metallic pyrochlore ruthenatesPb2Ru2O6.5andBi2Ru2O7 (2006)

We report the temperature dependence of the resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity of single crystalline ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6.5}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, the metallic members of the pyrochlore ruthenates. The analysis of the ${T}^{2}$ coefficient of the resistivity, Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility, and linear heat-capacity coefficient indicates that ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{6.5}$ is a well-defined Fermi liquid with strong electron correlation. For ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, thermodynamic data suggest moderately correlated behavior, while the resistivity shows unusual behavior that can be attributed to the structural disorder in this compound. A comparison with the insulating pyrochlore ruthenates underlines the critical role of easily polarizable $\mathrm{Pb}∕\mathrm{Bi}$ ions in inducing the metallic properties and structural modifications observed in these compounds.