gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiation of transcription by T7 RNA polymerase as its natural promoters. (1992)

A kinetic assay has been developed to measure the strength of natural T7 promoters. By determining the rate of appearance of initiation products in the presence of constant concentrations of T7 RNA polymerase, an incomplete mixture of ribonucleoside triphosphates, and increasing promoter concentrations, a maximum rate of product formation (Vmax) and a promoter concentration giving half of the maximal activity ([P]Vmax/2) can be determined for any cloned T7 promoter. On supercoiled plasmids, it was found that the [P]Vmax/2 measured for the six promoters phi 1.1B, phi 1.3, phi 3.8, phi 6.5, phi 10, and phi 13 ranged from 3.4 +/- 1.1 to 12.0 +/- 2.4 nM while the Vmax values showed no significant trends. On plasmids that had been linearized by cleavage at a single site with a restriction endonuclease, the cloned T7 promoters assayed fell into two broad classes that appear to be characterized by the T7 class II and III promoters. Generally, the class II promoters required higher promoter concentrations to produce half of the maximum rates of initiation ([P]Vmax/2 values) than the class III promoters. The [P]Vmax/2 values for the class II promoters ranged from 20 +/- 2.7 to 23 +/- 3.6 nM, while the [P]Vmax/2 values for the class III promoters phi 10 and phi 13 were 13 +/- 1.6 nM and 7.8 +/- 1.4 nM. The one exception is the class III promoter phi 6.5 whose [P] Vmax/2 (17 +/- 5 nM) falls between the [P]Vmax/2 values of the class II promoters and the strong class III promoters. The Vmax values measured on linear templates are variable, but it appears that phi 10 is more active than the other five promoters.
Ewing sarcoma with FEV gene rearrangements is a rare subset with predilection for extraskeletal locations and aggressive behavior (2019)

The molecular hallmark of Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a fusion involving the EWSR1 gene and a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. EWSR1-FLI1 is the most common variant, occurring in 90% of cases, followed by EWSR1-ERG. In a small subset, the FUS gene can substitute for EWSR1 in these fusions. Only rare case reports have been described to date of ES with FEV gene rearrangements. In this study, we investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of 10 ES patients with FEV-rearrangements, either fused to EWSR1 (n = 4) or to FUS (n = 6). The median age at diagnosis was 38 years (range, 5-61 years); occurring in six males and four females. All tumors were located at extraskeletal sites, occurring more often in the axial soft tissues. Tumors had a similar morphologic appearance and immunophenotype as ES with more common EWSR1-ETS fusions. Of six patients with follow-up data, five patients (83%) developed metastasis and two patients (33%) died of their diseases. The diagnosis was confirmed either by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or targeted RNA sequencing. In the five cases tested by targeted sequencing, the fusion transcripts were composed of EWSR1 or FUS fused to either exon 1 or 2 of FEV, retaining the FEV ETS DNA binding domain. This is the largest study to date investigating the ES subset with EWSR1/FUS-FEV fusions showing a predilection for extraskeletal sites and aggressive behavior.
Speculative Debug Insertion for FPGAs (2011)

FPGA prototypes have become an increasingly important part of the overall integrated circuit design and verification flow, providing the ability to test an integrated circuit running at (near) speed with realistic inputs and outputs. When unexpected behaviour is observed in the prototype, it is necessary to determine the source of this behaviour, this usually requires observing signals that are internal to one of the devices in the prototype. Tools currently exist to enable FPGAs to be instrumented, but these are normally used in a reactive manner, that is, instrumentation is only added after incorrect behaviour has been observed. In this paper, we propose speculative debug insertion, in which a tool automatically predicts what signals will be useful during debug, and instruments the design during the first compilation. If done correctly, this can significantly accelerate the debug process, especially for large prototypes containing many FPGAs. However, it is important that this does not negatively affect the performance, capacity, power, or compilation time. We show that speculative debug insertion is possible, and experimentally evaluate the limits to speculative insertion.
ON CALCULATING THE VALUE OF A DIFFERENTIAL GAME IN THE CLASS OF COUNTER STRATEGIES (2016)

For a linear dynamic system with control and disturbance, a feedback control problem is considered, in which the Euclidean norm of a set of deviations of the system’s motion from given targets at given times is optimized. The problem is formalized into a differential game in “strategy-counterstrategy” classes. A game value computing procedure, which reduces the problem to a recursive construction of upper convex hulls of auxiliary functions, is justified. Results of numerical simulations are presented.
An efficient algorithm to locate all locally optimal alignments between two sequences allowing for gaps (1993)

An efficient algorithm is described to locate locally optimal alignments between two sequences allowing for insertions and deletions. The algorithm is based on that of Smith and Waterman which returns the single best local alignment. However, the algorithm described here permits all non-intersecting locally optimal alignments to be determined in a single pass through the comparison matrix. The algorithm simplifies the location of repeats, multiple domains and shuffled motifs, and is fast enough to be used on a conventional workstation to scan large sequence databanks.
Die spontane Subarachnoidalblutung (2008)

Zusammenfassung Häufigste Ursache einer nicht traumatischen Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) ist mit etwa 85% die Ruptur eines Aneurysmas der Hirnbasisarterien. Der plötzlich einsetzende heftige Kopfschmerz (,,Vernichtungskopfschmerz“) ist das Leitsymptom der spontanen SAB. Bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine SAB wird meist eine zerebrale Computertomografie (CCT) veranlasst, in der das subarachnoidale Blut hyperdens in den Liquorräumen zur Darstellung kommt. Nach wie vor gilt die digitale Subtraktionsangiografie (DSA) als Goldstandard beim Nachweis zerebraler Aneurysmen. Sie liefert neben der Aneurysmalokalisation wichtige Informationen bezüglich der Aneurysmakonfiguration und der Lagebeziehung zu angrenzenden Gefäßen, welche die Auswahl des therapeutischen Verfahrens (Coiling oder OP) entscheidend beeinflussen. In der subakuten Phase ist der Patient durch ein verzögert einsetzendes neurologisches Defizit (Vasospasmus), eine Nachblutung oder einen Hydrozephalus gefährdet. Zur Versorgung der Blutungsquelle stehen operative wie auch endovaskuläre Verfahren zur Verfügung. Trotz der Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Therapie ist die Prognose einer aneurysmatischen Subarachnoidalblutung ernst.
Readout Strategies for Biomolecular Analyses (2008)

This thesis describes three readout formats for molecular analyses. A common feature in all works is probing techniques that upon specific target recognition ideally results in equimolar amounts of DNA circles. These are then specifically amplified and detected using any of the techniques presented herein. The first paper presents a method that enables homogeneous digital detection and enumeration of biomolecules, represented as fluorescence-labelled DNA macromolecules. This method offers precise measurements to be performed with a wide linear dynamic range. As an application, two closely related bacterial species were selectively detected. The second paper further investigates and optimizes the properties of the technique presented in paper one. The third paper demonstrates a platform that enables simultaneous quantitative analysis of large numbers of biomolecules. The array format and decoding scheme together propose a digital strategy for decoding of biomolecules. The array and the decoding procedure were characterized and evaluated for gene copy-number measurements. The fourth paper examines a new strategy for non-optical measurements of biomolecules. Characteristics of this technique are investigated, and compared to its optical equivalent, fluorescence polarization.
A facile microemulsion template route for producing hollow silica nanospheres as imaging agents and drug nanocarriers (2015)

Hollow silica nanospheres with uniform size distribution and tuneable shell thickness were synthesized through a one-step reverse microemulsion method at room temperature within 24 h. These hollow nanospheres demonstrated effective encapsulation ability for FITC, Eu<sup>3+</sup>-complexes, iron oxide nanoparticles and chemotherapy drugs for potential imaging and drug delivery applications.
[Percutaneous transluminal aortic valvuloplasty using a balloon catheter. A new therapeutic option in aortic stenosis in the elderly]. (1986)

Aortic valvular dilatation with a balloon catheter was performed in 44 patients, 20 men and 24 women, most of whom were very elderly (average age 77 years). The indication for valvular replacement had not been retained in these cases because of surgical contra-indications or a very high operative risk and in 3 cases because of patient refusal. Twenty-nine patients were in functional classes III or IV of the NYHA classification; 12 had syncopal episodes and 18 had invalidating angina. The dilatation was performed by a femoral arterial approach in 34 cases, and by a brachial arterial approach in 10 cases. MEDI-TECH catheters with 15, 18 or 20 mm diameters when inflated were used in the majority of cases. Several inflations lasting 10 to 240 seconds were performed in each case with balloons of increasing size. This was well tolerated in all but one patients who had a sharp syncope. The immediate results confirmed valvular dilatation. The average transvalvular pressure gradient fell from 76 +/- 25 mmHg to 30 +/- 13 mmHg (p less than 0.001). The aortic valve surface area calculated by the Gorlin formula increased from 0.5 +/- 0.18 cm2 to 1 +/- 0.42 cm2 (p less than 0.01). After dilatation the gradient was less than or equal to 40 mmHg in 37 cases; aortic valve surface area was greater than or equal to 1 cm2 in 14 cases and less than or equal to 0.7 cm2 in only 5 cases. The left ventricular ejection fraction increased immediately after valvuloplasty from 44 +/- 16 p. 100 to 49 +/- 15 p. 100 (p less than 0.01). In the 18 cases in which it was less than 40 p. 100 before valvuloplasty, it increased from 30 +/- 6 p. 100 to 36 +/- 9 p. 100 (p less than 0.02). Residual aortic regurgitation was only observed in one case. Two patients died in the hospital period (4.6 p. 100). There were no other serious complications. During an average follow-up period of 60 days (3 weeks to 6 months) there was a big improvement in symptoms in the great majority of cases and, in particular, syncopal and anginal attacks disappeared. Only 4 patients remained in functional classes III or IV after valvuloplasty. Percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty is a new, relatively simple, low risk, economic and very effective therapeutic procedure in all cases in which aortic valve replacement is contra-indicated or refused by the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
CMOS 3-axis accelerometers with integrated amplifier (2002)

Design, fabrication, and testing of multi-axis CMOS piezoresistive accelerometers is described. Vertical axis accelerometers have been fabricated in multiple processes using a production tested maskless bulk etch step. Horizontal axis accelerometers have also been fabricated and require an additional assembly step. Acceleration sensing in based on the piezoresistive behavior of the gate polysilicon in standard CMOS. Integrated amplifiers were designed and built on chip and have been characterized. Characterization is also presented for sensitivity, angular response, frequency response, axis of maximum sensitivity, temperature coefficient of offset, and temperature coefficient of sensitivity. Results are presented for a single chip with integrated full three axis acceleration sensing.
Non-traditional microwave electronics based on electron beam transverse grouping (2003)

Russian experience in the field of non-traditional microwave electronics based on electron beam transverse waves use is discussed in this short review. Devices studied include the cyclotron wave protector and parametric amplifier, the cyclotron wave electrostatic amplifier, the circularly polarized TWT, and a cyclotron wave converter of microwaves in DC.
Is Anesthesia Caused by Potentiation of Synaptic or Intrinsic Inhibition? Recent Insights into the Mechanisms of Volatile Anesthetics (2000)

Volatile anesthetics modulate synaptic (GABAA receptor-mediated) and intrinsic (K+ channel-controlled) neuronal inhibition. GABAA receptor activity is enhanced, leading to increased charge transfer and prolonged synaptic inhibition, and members of the two pore domain family of potassium channels are activated, leading to neuronal hyperpolarization and reduced excitability. These effects may underlie different components of the complex anesthetic state.
Non-invasive methods for assessing embryos (1987)

Non-invasive methods offer considerable potential in assessing the viability of human embryos conceived by IVF. Their use in diagnosing genetic defects appears to be more limited at the present time, but it would be premature to rule out this possibility.
Postnatal distribution ofcpp32/caspase 3 mRNA in the mouse central nervous system: An in situ hybridization study (1999)

Apoptotic cell death is a major feature of the developing nervous system and of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Various gene effectors and repressors of this type of cell death have been identified. Among them, bcl-xl and bax, which encode for antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins, respectively, play major roles during development. The gene cpp32 encodes for the caspase 3 cysteine protease and is a critical mediator of cell death during embryonic development in the mammalian brain. To gain insight into the possible implications of these cell death genes during the postnatal development, we investigated the expression of bax, bcl-xl, and cpp32 mRNAs by in situ hybridization in the mouse brain from birth to adulthood. Whereas bax and bcl-xl mRNAs were expressed widely in neonates and adult mice, our results showed that cpp32 mRNA levels were decreased strongly from 12 postnatal days. From 1 postnatal day to 12 postnatal days, cpp32 mRNA was expressed ubiquitously in all brain nuclei, including areas where neurogenesis occurred. A positive correlation between areas displaying high levels of mRNA and apoptotic nuclei also was shown. In the adult, cpp32 mRNA was restricted to the piriform and entorhinal cortices, the neocortex, and to areas where neurogenesis is observed (e.g., olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus). The same pattern of expression was observed in adult mice over-expressing the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results demonstrate that the expression of cpp32 mRNA is highly regulated during the mouse postnatal period, leading to a specific distribution in the adult central nervous system. Moreover, the prevention of cell death by Bcl-2 likely is not linked to the regulation of caspase mRNA levels.
Two-Dimensional Algal Collection and Assembly by Combining AC-Dielectrophoresis with Fluorescence Detection for Contaminant-Induced Oxidative Stress Sensing (2015)

An alternative current (AC) dielectrophoretic lab-on-chip setup was evaluated as a rapid tool of capture and assembly of microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in two-dimensional (2D) close-packed arrays. An electric field of 100 V·cm⁻¹, 100 Hz applied for 30 min was found optimal to collect and assemble the algae into single-layer structures of closely packed cells without inducing cellular oxidative stress. Combined with oxidative stress specific staining and fluorescence microscopy detection, the capability of using the 2D whole-cell assembly on-chip to follow the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress during short-term exposure to several environmental contaminants, including mercury, methylmercury, copper, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), and diuron was explored. The results showed significant increase of the cellular ROS when C. reinhardtii was exposed to high concentrations of methylmercury, CuO-NPs, and 10⁻⁵ M Cu. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of combining AC-dielectrophoretically assembled two-dimensional algal structures with cell metabolic analysis using fluorescence staining, as a rapid analytical tool for probing the effect of contaminants in highly impacted environment.
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Prognostic Immune Markers in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2011)

Tumor-associated immune responses have polarized effects in regulating tumor growth. Although a clear association has been shown between the tumor immune response and clinical outcome in colorectal and ovarian cancers, the role of immune markers for stratifying prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is less defined. Herein, we review the prognostic significance of published immune markers in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood of NSCLC patients. To identify prognostic immune genes, we reviewed all published gene-profiling studies in NSCLC and delineated the significance of immune genes by doing subanalysis on the microarray database of the NIH Director's Challenge study. This first comprehensive review of prognostic immune markers provides a foundation for further investigating immune responses in NSCLC.
9.3 A 40kHz-BW 90dB-SNDR Noise-Shaping SAR with 4× Passive Gain and 2nd-Order Mismatch Error Shaping (2020)

Noise-shaping (NS) SAR ADCs using passive loop filters have drawn increasing attention due to their simplicity, low power, zero static current, and PVT robustness. However, prior works show limited resolution (ENOB≤13b) due to two main challenges. The 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> one is thermal noise. Passive loop filters cannot provide gain [1]. Hence, their suppression of the comparator noise is limited. In addition, every capacitor switching introduces extra kT/C noise. To reduce noise, a passive gain of 2 is realized in [2]. It also realizes passive voltage summation, which obviates the need for a multipath comparator, further reducing the comparator noise. Nevertheless, it uses small capacitors for residue sampling to minimize signal attenuation, leading to a large total kT/C noise of 20kT/C (C is the DAC size). Also, its NTF is mild (zero at 0.5), leading to limited SQNR benefit. The 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> challenge is DAC mismatch. Classic DEM is unsuitable for SARs with a high-resolution DAC due to excessive hardware cost. To reduce circuit complexity, Ref. [3] applies DEM only to the MSB part of the DAC, but the LSB part still produces considerable errors. The mismatch error shaping (MES) technique of [4] is well suited for high-resolution binary DACs due to low hardware complexity, but it has its own limitations. First, it can only achieve 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> -order shaping with limited error suppression capability. Also, being 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> -order, it has strong signal dependence and can produce considerable tones, especially at low input amplitudes. In addition, it suffers from signal range loss.
Diastereotopically distinct secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on the thermal isomerization of cyclobutene to butadiene (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereotopically distinct secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects on the thermal isomerization of cyclobutene to butadieneJohn E. Baldwin, V. Prakash. Reddy, L. J. Schaad, and B. A. HessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 25, 8555–8556Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00233a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rejection by syngeneic mice of cell variants obtained by mutagenesis of a malignant teratocarcinoma cell line. (1977)

Cells from the malignant teratocarcinoma line PCC4.azal were treated with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Fifty-five clones were isolated from the surviving cells. Twelve clones are unable to form tumors in the syngeneic 129/Sv mice. However, these "tum-" clones form tumors as readily as the original cells when they are injected into irradiated mice. Moreover, they stimulate the production of immune memory cells, which protect the injected animals and confer resistance by adoptive transfer. The tum- clones are therefore unable to generate tumors in syngeneic mice because they elicit an immune rejection response.