gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies in Stereochemistry. XI. The Preparation and Complete Resolution of the 3,4-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-3-hexanol System (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Stereochemistry. XI. The Preparation and Complete Resolution of the 3,4-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-3-hexanol SystemDonald J. Cram and Jack D. KnightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 23, 5835–5838Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (514 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Purification and Properties of Two Polygalacturonases from Trichoderma koningii (1978)

Two inducible polygalacturonases (PG-1 and PG-2) from culture filtrates of Trichoderma koningii were purified to homogeneity by CM-cellulose chromatography and isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH range (pH 6 to 8). They were both hydrolytic enzymes classifiable as endopolygalacturonases [poly(1,4-α-d-galacturonide) glycanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.15]. PG-1 and PG-2, focusing at pH 6·41 and 6·57 respectively, each consisted of a single polypeptide chain having an apparent molecular weight of 32000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100; they were both glycoproteins and had carbohydrate contents of 0·033 and 0·062 mg sugar (mg protein)−1 respectively. When the isoenzymes were incubated with different plant tissues, they were not absorbed by any of them.
Standard Operating Procedure - Manufacture of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic Waveguides and Slotted Waveguide Antennas, Version 1.0 (2011)

Abstract : Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure (SWASS) is a type of conformal load-bearing antenna structure where the top-hat cross-section stiffeners used to reinforce thin skins, or blade stiffeners in sandwich panels, serve the dual purpose of acting both as structural stiffeners and radiofrequency waveguides. Slotted waveguide antenna arrays are created by cutting slots through the outer skin and into these waveguide stiffeners. Development of the SWASS concept requires the production and evaluation of representative test specimens, one of which is a rigid rectangular waveguide. This report details Version 1.0 of a Standard Operating Procedure for the production of slotted waveguide antenna arrays manufactured from aerospace grade carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) prepreg.
Intersubband emission from semiconductor superlattices excited by sequential resonant tunneling (1989)

We present the first observation of infrared light emission from a semiconductor superlattice in a resonant-tunneling experiment. Radiation from the three lowest intersubband transitions is observed, proving resonant tunneling an effective means of populating high-lying states of the superlattice. The relative strength of the emission lines enables us to estimate the electron temperature below the optical-phonon energy to reach about 140 K, whereas transitions originating above the optical-phonon energy are strongly quenched.
Dual-Band Dual-Linearly Polarized Transmitarray at Ka-Band (2021)

We present here the design and optimization of a dual-band dual linearly-polarized transmitarray antenna with a 1bit phase resolution (i.e. two phase states with 180° of relative phase-shift). The antenna operates in both downlink and uplink K/Ka-bands (17 - 21 GHz for the lower frequency band, and 27 - 31 GHz for the upper one) and could be used for satellite communication applications. In order to implement dual-band and dual-polarization, the unit-cell consists of four orthogonal superposed U-slotted patch antennas interconnected by a common metallized via hole. A 20×20 transmitarray based on the proposed unit-cell architecture has been optimized by using our in-house tool and validated through full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The 5×5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> unit-cell size allows beam scanning over a large field of view (up to 80 deg.). A maximum gain of 23.4 and 21.4 dBi has been achieved at 29.1 GHz and 19.5 GHz, respectively. The 1-dB gain bandwidth is greater than 19.8% and 12% at the lower and the upper frequency bands, respectively.
Architecture and Function of the Human Endonucleases RNase P and RNase MRP (2000)

In the past decade, important advances have been made in our knowledge of the composition of human RNase MRP and RNase P complexes. Both ribonucleoprotein particles function as endonucleases and contain RNA components that are structurally related. RNase MRP has been suggested to be involved in the processing of precursor rRNA; RNase P, in the maturation of tRNA. Here we give an overview of current data on the structure and function of human RNase MRP and RNase P particles, with emphasis on their molecular composition. At present, seven protein subunits, probably all associated with both ribonucleoprotein particles, have been isolated and their corresponding cDNAs cloned. Although no known structural motifs can be identified in the amino acid sequences of these proteins, the majority is clearly rich in basic residues. For two protein subunits, a cluster of basic amino acids have been shown to be involved in nucleolar accumulation, whereas another protein, which lacks such a region, probably enters the nucleolus by way of a piggyback mechanism. The binding regions for several of the protein subunits on the RNA have been identified, and the data have been used to create a putative structural model for the RNase MRP particle. The rather obscure situation concerning the association of the autoantigenic Th-40 protein and its possible relationship with one of the subunits, Rpp38, is discussed.
Catabolism of lysosome-related organelles in color-changing spiders supports intracellular turnover of pigments (2021)

Abstract Pigment organelles of vertebrates belong to the lysosome-related organelle (LRO) family, of which melanin-producing melanosomes are the prototypes. While their anabolism has been extensively unraveled through the study of melanosomes in skin melanocytes, their catabolism remains poorly known. Here, we tap into the unique ability of crab spiders to reversibly change body coloration to examine the catabolism of their pigment organelles. By combining ultrastructural and metal analyses on high-pressure frozen integuments, we first assess whether pigment organelles of crab spiders belong to the LRO family and, second, how their catabolism is intracellularly processed. Using scanning-transmission electron microscopy, electron tomography and nanoscale Synchrotron-based scanning X-ray fluorescence, we show that pigment organelles possess ultrastructural and chemical hallmarks of LROs, including intraluminal vesicles and metal deposits, similar to melanosomes. Monitoring ultrastructural changes during bleaching suggests that the catabolism of pigment organelles involves the degradation and removal of their intraluminal content, possibly through lysosomal mechanisms. In contrast to skin melanosomes, anabolism and catabolism of pigments proceed within the same cell without requiring either cell death or secretion/phagocytosis. Our work hence provides support for the hypothesis that the endolysosomal system is fully functionalized for within-cell turnover of pigments, leading to functional maintenance under adverse conditions and phenotypic plasticity. First formulated for eye melanosomes in the context of human vision, the hypothesis of intracellular turnover of pigments gets unprecedented strong support from pigment organelles of spiders.
An Alternate View of Dimensional Homogeneity, and Its Impact on Engineering Science (2018)

Aims: This article proposes an alternate view of dimensional homogeneity that greatly simplifies the solution of nonlinear engineering problems. Background: The conventional view of dimensional homogeneity is generally credited to Fourier (1822). Objectives: The objectives of this article are to describe the alternate view of dimensional homogeneity and to demonstrate its application to practical engineering problems. Methods: By presenting the solution of several nonlinear engineering problems, this article compares solutions based on the alternate view of dimensional homogeneity with solutions based on the conventional view. Results: Example problems demonstrate that nonlinear engineering problems are much easier to solve if the solutions are based on the alternate view of dimensional homogeneity rather than the conventional view. The relative simplicity results because the alternate view of dimensional homogeneity reduces the number of variables in nonlinear problems. Conclusion: The widely accepted view of dimensional homogeneity should be replaced by the alternate view because the solution of nonlinear engineering problems is greatly simplified.
Comparison of Wearable Trackers’ Ability to Estimate Sleep (2018)

Tracking physical activity and sleep patterns using wearable trackers has become a current trend. However, little information exists about the comparability of wearable trackers measuring sleep. This study examined the comparability of wearable trackers for estimating sleep measurement with a sleep diary (SD) for three full nights. A convenience sample of 78 adults were recruited in this research with a mean age of 27.6 ± 11.0 years. Comparisons between wearable trackers and sleep outcomes were analyzed using the mean absolute percentage errors, Pearson correlations, Bland⁻Altman Plots, and equivalent testing. Trackers that showed the greatest equivalence with the SD for total sleep time were the Jawbone UP3 and Fitbit Charge Heart Rate (effect size = 0.09 and 0.23, respectively). The greatest equivalence with the SD for time in bed was seen with the SenseWear Armband, Garmin Vivosmart, and Jawbone UP3 (effect size = 0.09, 0.16, and 0.07, respectively). Some of the wearable trackers resulted in closer approximations to self-reported sleep outcomes than a previously sleep research-grade device, these trackers offer a lower-cost alternative to tracking sleep in healthy populations.
Systematic Evaluation of Whole-Genome Sequencing Based Prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli (2021)

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. is a global concern. This study evaluated the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to predict AMR in <i>Campylobact</i>er <i>jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i>. A panel of 271 isolates recovered from Canadian poultry was used to compare AMR genotype to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, florfenicol, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and clindamycin). The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was determined for each isolate using five computational approaches to evaluate the effect of: ARG screening software, input data (i.e., raw reads, draft genome assemblies), genome coverage and genome assembly software. Overall, concordance between the genotype and phenotype was influenced by the computational pipelines, level of genome coverage and the type of ARG but not by input data. For example, three of the pipelines showed a 99% agreement between detection of a <i>tet(O)</i> gene and tetracycline resistance, whereas agreement between the detection of <i>tet(O)</i> and TET resistance was 98 and 93% for two pipelines. Overall, higher levels of genome coverage were needed to reliably detect some ARGs; for example, at 15X coverage a <i>tet(O</i>) gene was detected in >70% of the genomes, compared to <60% of the genomes for <i>bla(OXA)</i>. No genes associated with florfenicol or gentamicin resistance were found in the set of strains included in this study, consistent with AST results. Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance was associated 100% with mutations in the 23S rRNA (A2075G) and gyrA (T86I) genes, respectively. A lower association between a A2075G 23S rRNA gene mutation and resistance to clindamycin and telithromycin (92.8 and 78.6%, respectively) was found. While WGS is an effective approach to predicting AMR in <i>Campylobacter</i>, this study demonstrated the impact that computational pipelines, genome coverage and the genes can have on the reliable identification of an AMR genotype.
Emergency Laparotomy in Denmark: A Nationwide Descriptive Study (2020)

Open abdominal surgery is a common, high-risk procedure with a high incidence rate and mortality risk, especially for elderly patients. The incidence rate and mortality risk fell during the period studied. In Denmark, there is no standard post-discharge care program for patients who undergo emergency laparotomies. Our results support the need to investigate standardized post-operative follow-up and rehabilitation plans to reduce mortality.
Glycine N‐methyltransferase is a favorable prognostic marker for human cholangiocarcinoma (2008)

GNMT expression is a favorable prognosis predictor for cholangiocarcinoma.
AMOCO'S LINE PIPE SPECS EXCEED INDUSTRY STANDARDS (1990)

Recent pipeline failures in the U.S. and Canada have prompted increased attention from Congress, regulatory agencies, the media, and the population at large. Causes of such failures include splitting along the longitudinal electric resistance weld seam, cracking of full encirclement repair sleeve welds, corrosion, mechanical damage, etc. In light of these concerns about petroleum transportation operations, Amoco Corporation has issued specifications for line pipe which exceed minimum standards as set forth in API 5L. These specifications are outlined in this article. They cover pipe manufacturing, chemical requirements to improve pipe toughness, additional testing for mechanical properties, hydrostatic and additional nondestructive testing, and dimension requirements.
Sliding mode control of electric power system comprised of fuel cells, DC-DC boost converters and ultracapacitors (2013)

The paper deals with controlling an autonomous electric power system that comprises Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) that is considered as a primary source of electrical energy, the DC-DC boost power converter, and the ultracapacitor. System's PEMFC/ultracapacitor/DC-DC boost power converter zero dynamics are analyzed and appeared to be stable. Relative degree approach is applied for direct control of the output load voltage as well as the fuel cell and ultracapacitor current in the presence of the model uncertainties. The adaptive gain super-twisting sliding mode controller controls the current in PEMFC. The decoupled SMCs are designed for controlling the output voltage and the fast component of the load current that is commanded to the ultracapacitor. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed three-fold SMC and 2-SM adaptive-gain controllers are confirmed via computer simulations.
Mechanisms and Models of Immune Tolerance Breakdown in the Ovary (2011)

Ovarian autoimmunity is increasingly implicated in the etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), previously termed PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE or PREMATURE MENOPAUSE. Links to autoimmunity in human POI have long been noted due to the close association of POI with several autoimmune diseases and syndromes such as Addison's disease and Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome 1. However, diagnosis of autoimmune-mediated POI (aPOI) remains challenging because of the lack of sensitive or specific markers of disease. Autoimmunity can arise from the breakdown of immunological tolerance in several ways. How then may we discern what constitutes a relevant target and what represents a downstream phenomenon? The answer lies in the study of pathogenic mechanisms in translational models of disease. From examples in humans and mice, we see that ovarian autoimmunity likely arises from a limited number of antigens targeted in the ovary that are organ specific. These antigens may be conserved but not limited to those seen in animal models of autoimmune ovarian disease. Recent advances in these areas have begun to define the relevant antigens and mechanisms of immune tolerance breakdown in the ovary. Work in translational models continues to provide insight into mechanisms of disease pathogenesis that will allow more accurate diagnosis and, ultimately, improved interventions for women with aPOI.
Machine learning suggests polygenic risk for cognitive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2020)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multi-system disease characterized primarily by progressive muscle weakness. Cognitive dysfunction is commonly observed in patients; however, factors influencing risk for cognitive dysfunction remain elusive. Using sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA), an unsupervised machine-learning technique, we observed that single nucleotide polymorphisms collectively associate with baseline cognitive performance in a large ALS patient cohort (N = 327) from the multicenter Clinical Research in ALS and Related Disorders for Therapeutic Development (CReATe) Consortium. We demonstrate that a polygenic risk score derived using sCCA relates to longitudinal cognitive decline in the same cohort and also to in vivo cortical thinning in the orbital frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, lateral temporal cortex, premotor cortex, and hippocampus (N = 90) as well as post-mortem motor cortical neuronal loss (N = 87) in independent ALS cohorts from the University of Pennsylvania Integrated Neurodegenerative Disease Biobank. Our findings suggest that common genetic polymorphisms may exert a polygenic contribution to the risk of cortical disease vulnerability and cognitive dysfunction in ALS.
Arc voltage measurements of the hyperbaric MIG process (1996)

As a vital part of the MIG process, the arc controls the stability of the process, the melting of the filler wire and the base material. In order to control and describe the arc behavior, it is necessary to know the voltage- current- arc length relations, or the arc characteristics. Knowledge of arc characteristics is necessary for control of the MIG process and further automation of welding systems, in particular, at hyperbaric welding. In literature, information on arc characteristics for hyperbaric open arc pulsed process is not available so far. Therefore, in the present work, arc characteristics were measured for a pressure range of 1 to 16 bar. In measuring arc voltages and arc lengths of MIG arcs, specific problems are encountered as compared to TIG arcs where the distance between the electrode and work piece can be taken as the arc length and the ohmic voltage drop in the tungsten electrode is low. The movement of the electrode in the MIG process and the deformation of the molten wire end together with weld pool fluctuations are providing a complex system. For determining the arc characteristics certain simplifications are thus required which have been applied in this work. This paper more » presents a new concept on measuring arc lengths and voltages in the open MIG arc. « less
2P1-Q10 Development of a System of Analyzing Dynamic Characteristic of Skin for Understanding Lacerating Mechanism(Digital Human) (2012)

Laceration caused by collision of the ridge and the corner of a consumer product has not yet been clarified, although laceration occurs very frequently in daily life. This paper describes a system for analyzing the dynamic characteristic of skin in order to understand lacerate mechanism. The developed system consists of the impact tester which can give an impact to a skin, and the simulation system based on finite element method. This paper reports experiments using the developed system.
High-speed optical response of pseudomorphic InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (1992)

The optical responses of very high-frequency pseudomorphic InGaAs HEMTs with f/sub T/ of 140 GHz were obtained. These measurements were done using the picosecond time domain optoelectronic technique at room and low temperatures. The optical photovoltaic responses of these HEMTs show FWHM values of 8.4 and 7.5 ps at room temperature and 20 K, respectively. Photoconductive responsivity as high as 4 A/W with an external quantum efficiency of >600% is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Simple Method for Measuring the Vertically of Small‐Diameter Driven Wells (1994)

Abstract The presence of stones, solid waste, and other obstructions can deflect small‐diameter driven wells during installation, leading to deviations of the well from its intended position. This could lead to erroneous results, especially for measurements of ground water levels by water level meters. A simple method was developed to measure deviations from the intended positions of well screens and determine correction factors required for proper measurement of ground water levels in nonvertical wells. The method is based upon measurement of the hydrostatic pressure in the bottom of a water column, which is established in the well lube. The method was used to correct water level measurement in wells driven through a landfill site. Errors of up to 27 cm in water level were observed at the landfill site. The correction of the water level measurements had a significant effect on estimated local ground water flow directions.