gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW OF THERMAL TRANSIENT INDUCED BUOYANCY PHENOMENA IN PIPE AND HEAT EXCHANGER FLOWS† (1983)

Abstract Studies related to delineating the influence of thermal-buoyancy forces on the thermal-hydraulics of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor piping systems and heat exchangers under low-flow thermal transient conditions have generated unique information which will aid design of these components. Various buoyancy force induced phenomena such as thermal stratification, flow recirculation, stagnation, and channeling are described and the importance to component performance are discussed. Notes †Work fully supported by U.S. Department of Energy Reactor Research and Technology, Engineered Components Division. Additional informationNotes on contributorsK.E. KASZA Principal Investigator Flow and Mixing Processes Program.
Safety pharmacology – a progressive approach (2002)

Although deaths and life-threatening adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Phase I clinical trials are extremely rare, less severe ADRs occur with an incidence of over 13%. Of the candidate drugs (CDs) that fail prior to marketing, it is generally acknowledged that about 1 in 5 do so because of ADRs in the clinic. Once new chemical entities (NCEs) are on the market, ADRs are estimated to be the fourth leading cause of death in the USA. These various statistics indicate that there is room for improvement in preclinical safety assessment, and a smarter approach to safety pharmacology (SP) can contribute to this. Rather than 'bundling' the SP studies together just prior to Phase I trials, a step-wise, streamlined approach can be adopted throughout the drug discovery process. In this way, the SP information can contribute to making informed judgements at each milestone throughout the preclinical drug discovery process: (i) to assist in series and compound selection; (ii) to assess potential risk of failure in the clinic due to ADRs; (iii) to predict potential ADRs that the clinical pharmacologists can focus on; (iv) to define a therapeutic window for acute dosing in humans. To achieve these objectives, the SP tests need to be carefully selected, adequately validated in-house, and be robust and reliable. To achieve (ii) above, outcome criteria have to be set which, for each test (in vitro and in vivo), take into account acceptable safety margins for the particular therapeutic target. Thus, highly sensitive and predictive SP tests positioned strategically and as early as possible should contribute to reducing attrition during clinical development and ultimately to marketing safer medicines more rapidly.
Supplementary Table 1 from Primary T Cells from Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Skin Explants Display an Exhausted Immune Checkpoint Profile (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Numbers and ratios of dendritic cells and T cells migrated from skin explants&lt;/p&gt;
Low-Complexity Polarization Coding for PDL-Resilience (2018)

We propose a new and low-complexity 4D-signaling that ensures polarization-multiplexed systems to be resilient against polarization dependent loss. For 16QAM modulation above 0.85-coding rate, the required SNR for error-free transmission at 6dB-PDL is relaxed by 0.5 dB or more.
Pilot study on 18F‐FDG PET/CT for detection of inflammatory changes in blood‐induced knee arthropathy in a rabbit model (2016)

<sup>18</sup> F-FDG-PET is able to detect the inflammatory changes associated with haemophilic arthropathy in this experimental model.
Selective Area Chemical Vapor Deposition of Si[sub 1−x]Ge[sub x] Thin Film Alloys by the Alternating Cyclic Method: Experimental Data: II. Morphology and Composition as a Function of Deposition Parameters (2000)

Selective area deposition of thin films, with x as large as 0.63, on oxide masked silicon wafers, was carried out in a hotwall, low pressure chemical vapor deposition system, using an alternating cyclic method described in the companion paper. Part I. In order to remove any previously deposited on the walls of the system, an HCl clean of the system was performed prior to every deposition, thereby enabling good control over the composition of the deposited films. The effect of various processing conditions, such as deposition temperature, input gas phase composition, and deposition time on the resulting film composition, morphology, and crystalline perfection were studied. For a particular film composition, there exists a morphological thickness, , at a particular deposition temperature, at which the films make a transition from smooth to rough morphology. The rough films are in a relaxed state and exhibit three‐dimensional growth. Below , the films exhibit a smooth morphology. With lowering of deposition temperature while keeping all other conditions constant, the films become richer in Ge. Thermodynamic calculations were found to be in agreement with this observation. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy using an environmemal scanning electron microscope technique was used for composition determination purpose, and transmission electron microscopy was performed to study the crystalline quality of the selectively deposited films. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Electronic structures and optical properties of Fe2VAl; effect of hybridization (2013)

The electronic structures and optical-conductivity (OC) spectrum of the Fe2VAl Heusler alloy were calculated by using the tight-binding linear-muffin-tin-orbital method within the atomicsphere-approximation to investigate the effects of hybridization among neighboring atoms. When the degree of hybridization is appropriately reduced, the agreement between the experimental and the theoretical OC spectra is markedly improved. The pseudogap size is also reduced by half. Furthermore, the Fermi level (E F) lies on the sharply rising density-of-states edge if the hybridization is partially retained. This new position of the E F and the reduction of the pseudogap can successfully explain the contradictory results between the resistivity and the photoemission measurements. Theses results may indicate that the local-density approximation and/or generalized-gradient approximation cannot adequately treat the localization of 3d-electrons.
Characterization of Mycobacterium chelonae-Like Strains by Comparative Genomics (2017)

Isolates of the <i>Mycobacterium chelonae</i>-<i>M. abscessus</i> complex are subdivided into four clusters (CHI to CHIV) in the INNO-LiPA® <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp DNA strip assay. A considerable phenotypic variability was observed among isolates of the CHII cluster. In this study, we examined the diversity of 26 CHII cluster isolates by phenotypic analysis, drug susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing and single-gene analysis. Pairwise genome comparisons were performed using several approaches, including average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-to-genome distance (GGD) among others. Based on ANI and GGD the isolates were identified as <i>M. chelonae</i> (14 isolates), <i>M. franklinii</i> (2 isolates) and <i>M. salmoniphium</i> (1 isolate). The remaining 9 isolates were subdivided into three novel putative genomospecies. Phenotypic analyses including drug susceptibility testing, as well as whole genome comparison by TETRA and delta differences, were not helpful in separating the groups revealed by ANI and GGD. The analysis of standard four conserved genomic regions showed that <i>rpoB</i> alone and the concatenated sequences clearly distinguished the taxonomic groups delimited by whole genome analyses. In conclusion, the CHII INNO-LiPa is not a homogeneous cluster; on the contrary, it is composed of closely related different species belonging to the <i>M. chelonae-M. abscessus</i> complex and also several unidentified isolates. The detection of these isolates, putatively novel species, indicates a wider inner variability than the presently known in this complex.
Face detection using correlation filters (2013)

Cameras are ubiquitous and available all around us. As a result, images and videos are posted online in huge numbers. These images often need to be stored and analyzed. This requires the use of various computer vision applications that includes detection of human faces in these images and videos. The emphasis on face detection is evident from the applications found in everyday point and shoot cameras for a better focus, on social networking sites for tagging friends and family and for security situations which subsequently require face recognition or verification. 
This thesis focuses on detecting human faces in still images and video frames using correlation filters. These correlation filters are trained using a recent technique called Minimum Output Sum of Squared Error (MOSSE) developed by Bolme et al. Since correlation filters identify only a peak location, it only helps in localizing a single target point. In this thesis, I develop techniques to use this localization for detection of human faces of different scales and poses in uncontrolled background, location and lighting conditions. 
The goal of this research is to extend correlation filters for face detection and identify the scenarios where its potential is the most. The specific contributions of this work are the development of a novel face detector using correlation filters and the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. 
This approach is applied to an easy dataset and a hard dataset to emphasize the efficacy of correlations filters for face detection. This technique shows 95.6% accuracy in finding the exact location of the faces in images with controlled background and lighting. Although, the results on a hard dataset were not better than the OpenCV Viola and Jones face detector, it showed much better results, 81.5% detection rate compared to 69.43% detection rate by the Viola and Jones face detector, when tested on a customized dataset that was controlled for location change between training and test datasets. This result signifies the strength of a correlation based face detector in a specific scenario with uniform setting, such as a building entrance or an airport security gate.
Longterm prospective study of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: conclusion after 132 months of therapy. (1998)

MTX was an effective treatment for RA in this 132 month prospective study.
Small area optical inputs for high speed CMOS circuits (2002)

Compact and fast photoreceivers with on-chip photodiodes in standard CMOS technology have been developed as optical inputs for digital circuits. The time performance of different photodiodes and current/voltage converters has been investigated and optimized by simulations and experiments. The best performance with periodic signals of more than 250 MHz was found for a current comparator circuit with a statically supplied reference photodiode. The total chip area required for the complete optical receiver was less than 70/spl times/70 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Effect of body mass index on survival outcome among women with early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. (2011)

1130 Background: Recent studies indicate that obesity among women with breast cancer predicts for the development of distant metastases and is an indicator for increased risk of breast cancer related death. The aim of this retrospective study was to look at the prognostic impact of obesity among women with early stage triple receptor negative breast cancer (TN), a subtype of breast cancer known to be associated with poor prognosis. Methods: Women with stageI-III TN breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 were identified. The cohort was divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal/underweight (BMI <25kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 – 30kg/m2) and obese (BMI >30kg/m2). Distant disease free survival (DDFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit methods and compared across groups using log rank statistic. Cox proportional hazards models were then used to determine the association of DDFS and BMI after adjusting for patient/tumor characteristics. Results: 2311 patients were identified of whom 794 (34.3%), 692 (30%), and 825 (35.7%) had BMI of <25kg/m2, 25 -30kg/m2 and >30kg/m2 respectively. Median follow up was 39 months (range 1 – 233 months). 5-year DDFS was 61%, 62% and 62% among patients with BMI of <25kg/m2, 25 -30kg/m2 and >30kg/m2 respectively. On multivariate analysis compared to patients with BMI < 25kg/m2 patients with BMI 25-30kg/m2 (HR=1.03; 95% CI 0.86-1.24, p=0.75) and those with BMI >30kg/m2 (HR=1.05;95% CI 0.88-1.26, p=0.58) did not have a significant increase in risk of distant metastases. When the models were stratified by menopausal status similar results were obtained. Conclusions: Patients with TN disease have significant rates of disease recurrence associated with poor prognostic outcome. The results of this study indicate that disease recurrence rates are similar across BMI categories and as such obesity does not function as a prognostic indicator among patients with TN disease.
Introduction: Baveno I to Baveno V … and Beyond (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Baveno I to IV Beyond Baveno V Acknowledgements References
13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the stereochemical configurations of 2,4‐dimethoxypentane and poly(alkyl vinyl ethers) (1973)

Abstract 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (CMR) spectra were obtained for 2,4‐dimethoxypentane, which is a model compound of poly(methyl vinyl ether), and the effects of the solvent and temperature on the chemical shifts were investigated. CMR spectra of poly‐(alkyl vinyl ethers) were also determined and analyzed. The diad tacticities were obtained from β‐methylene carbon resonances of poly(methyl vinyl ether), poly(ethyl vinyl ether), and poly(isobutyl vinyl ether), but not from those of poly(isopropyl vinyl ether) and poly( tert ‐butyl vinyl ether). The methoxyl carbon resonance of poly(methyl vinyl ether) and the ethoxyl methylene carbon resonance of poly(ethyl vinyl ether) showed splittings corresponding to pentad and triad sequences, respectively. The α‐methine and quaternary carbon resonances of poly( tert ‐butyl vinyl ether) showed splittings corresponding to pentad and triad sequences, respectively.
A Practical Approach to QoS Routing for Wireless Networks (2005)

We study QoS routing in wireless networks. We impose a structure on the network to combat the far-reaching effects of interference. We observe that there is little difference between routes through shared interference domains; instead the choices exist between routes through different domains. Based on this observation, we suggest partitioning the network into non-overlapping clusters where each cluster represents an interference domain. Routing algorithms operate over the cluster-level topology and use shortest paths within the clusters. Clustering decouples the constraints allowing for estimates of the available capacity within a cluster via local measurements. We present a routing algorithm that chooses amongst cluster-level paths to accommodate a flow with certain QoS requirements. An admission control policy checks the feasibility of the suggested route and refines our estimates of available capacity.
Effect of Different Irrigation Levels on Some Growth Parameters of Ayvalik and Gemlik Olive Saplings (2012)

Although Turkey ranks 5th in olive production following Spain, Italy, Greece and Tunusia, it has not yet been reached the intended level in terms of yield and quality with an asset of 160 million trees. There are many factors that cause this result. One of them is not to install the orchards with the saplings of high yielded, qualified and true to its name. Besides, the degree of resistance of the varieties to the biotic and abiotic stress conditions has not been known. Effective irrigation programs should be established for a steady cultivation and a high yield/quality production in olive growing. In this study, the effect of different irrigation applications on the morphological changes of Ayvalik and Gemlik olive saplings was investigated. At the end of the study, it was determined that Ayvalik variety was more tolerant to water stress, while decreasing the amount of irrigation caused an increasing susceptibility in Gemlik variety
Regional features with adaptable global mappings for recognition systems (2012)

This paper proposes an adaptive recognition system that integrates local and global features while jointly classifying and learning from unlabeled data. Dictionaries based on local descriptors serve as the basis for the recognition system and at the same time provide spatial-mappings derived from the location of the selected features during classification, via l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization techniques. The mappings provide a global object representation that is utilized to discriminate among classes with candidate descriptors. Additionally updating or learning new local descriptors (via non-parametric Bayes) from unlabeled data within a dictionary framework, provides the flexibility needed when training data is limited.
Association of biometric factors with anterior chamber angle widening and intraocular pressure reduction after uneventful phacoemulsification for cataract (2011)

Surgically induced AOD widening was significantly correlated with anterior chamber biometric factors. Preoperative LV appears to be a significant factor in angle widening and IOP reduction after phacoemulsification.
Radiation-induced toxicity in rectal epithelial stem cell contributes to acute radiation injury in rectum (2021)

Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells are radiosensitive and contribute to radiation-induced rectal epithelial toxicity. Transplantation of Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells mitigates radiation-induced rectal injury and promotes repair and regeneration process in rectum.
MDA04-111: Innovative Manufacturing Process Improvement (2005)

Abstract : The overall objective is to demonstrate both the technical and economic feasibility of using a fluidized bed system, initially developed for heat treatment, quenching, and aging of premium aluminum sand castings, to separate castings from sand molds, to de-core internal passageways in the castings, to reclaim the sand for re-use, and to use the binder resins from the molds and waste sand from mold building as a partial source of energy supply for the operation. This system will replace the mechanical shaker tables and hot air convective ovens currently used to remove sand and de-core premium aluminum castings from resin-bonded sand molds.
Design and Optimisation of Dielectric Laser Deflecting Structures (2015)

Recent experimental demonstrations of dielectric laser-driven accelerator structures offer a path to the miniaturisation of accelerators. In order to accelerate particles to higher energies using a staged sequence of accelerating structures, integrating compatible micrometre-scale transverse deflecting structures into these accelerators is necessary. Using simulations, the present work outlines the design and optimisation of a fused-silica laser-driven grating deflecting structure for relativistic electron beams. Implications for device fabrication and experiments are outlined.
<title>Tellurium antisites in CdZnTe</title> (2001)

The n-type conduction of CdTe and Cd<SUB>0.96</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.04</SUB>Te crystals grown from melts with excess tellurium indicates that the origin of the donors with an energy level at 0.01 eV below the conduction band are most likely singly ionized tellurium antisites instead of cadmium interstitials. Based on this model, the deep level at 0.75 eV below the conduction band is therefore doubly ionized tellurium antisites. After increasing the zinc content over 7%, CdZnTe turns to p-type. The conduction type variation of CdZnTe crystals as a function of zinc contents is explained by the compensation between the donors of Te-antisites and the acceptors of Cd vacancies. High resitivity Cd<SUB>0.9</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.1</SUB>Te crystals are produced by compensating the p-type crystals with indium at a low doping level of 1- 5x10<SUP>15</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. At room temperature, the high yield CdZnTe radiation detectors can resolve the six low energy peaks from the Am<SUP>241</SUP> source, a performance comparable to the best reported CdZnTe detectors.
Characterization of biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium (2003)

Mycobacterium avium is an environmental organism encountered in natural and urban water sources as well as soil. M. avium biofilm has recently been identified on sauna walls and in city water pipes and might have a role in the survival of virulent strains in the environment and in the host. To characterize the M. avium biofilm, an in vitro model was adapted wherein biofilm develops on a PVC surface. Biofilm was detected by staining with crystal violet and visualization by optical microscopy and quantified by A(570). M. avium strains MAC 101, MAC 100, MAC 104, MAC 109, MAC A5 and MAC 5501 (all isolated from the blood of AIDS patients) were used in the assays. Biofilm formation was dependent on the presence of Ca(2+), Mg(2+) or Zn(2+) ions in the water, with the maximal effect seen at a concentration of 1 micro M. The presence of 2 % glucose and peptone as sources of carbon increased the formation of biofilm, while this was partially inhibited by humic acid. Since sliding motility has been associated with the amount of glycopeptidolipid (GPL), TLC was used to determine the presence of GPL. The supernatant of a biofilm-forming culture induced formation of a stable biofilm and amikacin blocked the establishment of biofilm by M. avium strains at subinhibitory concentrations. Bacteria in the biofilm were more resistant to chlorine as well as to exposure to potassium monopersulfate and chloroheximide acetate than were planktonic bacteria. Identification of M. avium genes involved in biofilm formation and further studies of the effect of antimicrobials on the establishment of biofilm may identify approaches for inhibiting M. avium biofilm formation and colonization.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in pleural effusions of different origin (2005)

This study aimed to determine the diagnostic relevance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pleural fluid and serum of patients with pleural effusions of different aetiology. VEGF was quantified in the pleural effusion fluid and serum of 96 patients with malignancies (58 lung cancers (CA) and 38 tumours with secondaries to the lung (TM)), 45 with congestive heart failure (CHF), 28 with tuberculosis (TB), 45 with acute infections (INF), and in the serum of 20 healthy controls. VEGF pleural effusion concentrations were significantly different in the main diagnostic groups. VEGF was higher in effusions of patients with malignancies (CA as well as TM) in comparison with INF, TB or CHF. In serum, however, high VEGF concentrations indicated CA, TM or INF, but not TB or CHF. Despite significant differences of VEGF levels in different patient groups, receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed insufficient diagnostic value of VEGF for differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. In conclusion, vascular endothelial growth factor serum concentration is highly suggestive of the presence of lung disease in general, except for tuberculosis. In effusion fluid, the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor clearly indicates inflammatory or malignant origin. However, for diagnostic use, additional parameters besides vascular endothelial growth factor are mandatory.
A Cross‐Linked Reverse Micelle‐Encapsulated Palladium Catalyst. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.