gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Selected Hypolipidemic Agents for the Induction of Peroxisomal Enzymes and Peroxisome Proliferation in the Rat Liver (1983)

There is a considerable interest in developing potent and safe hypolipidemic drugs for the prevention and management of coronary heart disease in man. In rodents, many of these hypolipidemic compounds induce hepatomegaly, proliferation of peroxisomes and a polypeptide with an approximate mol. wt. of 80000 in liver cells. In the present study, we have examined 10 hypolipidemic compounds for the induction of peroxisome proliferation associated 80000 mol. wt. polypeptide (polypeptide PPA-80), peroxisomal enzymes and peroxisome proliferation in rat liver, in view of the emerging evidence that hepatic peroxisome proliferators as a class are carcinogenic in rats and mice. All ten compounds, fenofibrate (isopropyl-[4-(p-chlorobenzoyl)2-phenoxy-2-methyl] propionate; LS 2265 (taurine derivative of fenofibrate); bezafibrate (2-(4-(2-[4-chlorobenzamido)ethyl] phenoxy)-methyl propionic acid; gemfibrozil (5-2[2,5-dimethylphenoxy]2-2-dimethylpentanoic acid); methyl clofenapate (methyl-2-[4-(p-chlorophenyl)phenoxy]-2-methyl propionate); DG 5685 (5-[4-phenoxybenzyl]trans-2-(3-pyridyl)1,3-dioxane); DH 6463 (5-[4-phenoxybenzyl] trans-2-(3-pyrimidinyl)-1,3-dioxane); tiadenol(bis[hydroxyethylthio]-7, 10-decane); ciprofibrate (2,-[4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)-phenoxy]2-methyl propionic acid) and RMI-14,514 ( [5-tetradecycloxy]-2-furancarboxylic acid), produced a marked but variable increase in the activities of peroxisomal enzymes catalase, carnitine acetyltransferase, heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase and the fatty acid beta-oxidation system and in the amount of polypeptide PPA-80 as demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peptide map patterns of polypeptide PPA-80 in liver induced by these compounds were strikingly similar. The ultrastructural studies demonstrate that fenofibrate, ciprofibrate, LS 2265, DG 5685 and DH 6463 can induce proliferation of peroxisomes in liver cells of rats, and further confirm the previous reports of hepatic peroxisome proliferative activity of methyl clofenapate, tiadenol, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil and RMI-14514, as shown morphologically. Whether these structurally unrelated chemicals or their metabolite(s) directly activate the peroxisome specific genes to induce this multi-enzyme system or they exert their action on peroxisomes indirectly by causing fatty acid overload in hepatocytes remains to be elucidated. These chemicals offer a simple and reproducible means of stimulating peroxisomal enzymes in liver and should serve as useful tools, for evaluating the implications of hepatic peroxisome proliferation and in elucidating the mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-induced carcinogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acidity, Basicity, H‐Bonding and Complexing of Organic Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Compounds (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Therapeutic effectiveness of vitamin D3 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders]. (1989)

We tried to treat 13 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders, with alfacalcidol for their hematological improvement. Eight of them had MDS, 2 acute leukemia (M3, M4), 1 chronic myelogenous leukemia and 2 primary myelofibrosis. All patients were untreated except for 3 patients (PASA, RAEB, AML-M4) who had been treated with mepitiostane, prednisolone and BH.AC-AMP regimen, respectively, prior to alfacalcidol therapy. All patients received alfacalcidol orally for at least one month. The dosage of alfacalcidol ranged from 0.25 to 10 micrograms/day, and the medicine was administrated intermittently when the dosage exceeded 6 micrograms/day to prevent hypercalcemia. The therapeutic effectiveness of alfacalcidol was evaluated according to a criteria by Koeffler (Cancer Treat Rep 69: 1399, 1985) with minor modifications. Three patients (PASA, RAEB, CMML) showed partial response, 3 (RAEB, RAEB in T, AML-M4) minor response and rest of the patients did not respond. The hematological improvement of 6 responders was transient (from 1 to 2 months), however, one patient (PASA) is still responding to alfacalcidol therapy (0.25 microgram/day) for over 12 months. The dysplastic features of hemopoietic cells in the bone marrow showed no noticeable change during the hematological improvement in these responders, suggesting the improvement was obtained as a result of alteration in the proliferation or differentiation of neoplastic clone. None of 13 patients developed hypercalcemia. One patient (AML-M4) became excitable on high dose alfacalcidol (10 micrograms/day). In conclusion, alfacalcidol therapy is effective in some patients with MDS or leukemias and appears worthy especially in the clinical state in which chemotherapy is not indicated.
Ranbow: A fast and accurate method for polyploid haplotype reconstruction (2020)

Reconstructing haplotypes from sequencing data is one of the major challenges in genetics. Haplotypes play a crucial role in many analyses, including genome-wide association studies and population genetics. Haplotype reconstruction becomes more difficult for higher numbers of homologous chromosomes, as it is often the case for polyploid plants. This complexity is compounded further by higher heterozygosity, which denotes the frequent presence of variants between haplotypes. We have designed Ranbow, a new tool for haplotype reconstruction of polyploid genome from short read sequencing data. Ranbow integrates all types of small variants in bi- and multi-allelic sites to reconstruct haplotypes. To evaluate Ranbow and currently available competing methods on real data, we have created and released a real gold standard dataset from sweet potato sequencing data. Our evaluations on real and simulated data clearly show Ranbow's superior performance in terms of accuracy, haplotype length, memory usage, and running time. Specifically, Ranbow is one order of magnitude faster than the next best method. The efficiency and accuracy of Ranbow makes whole genome haplotype reconstruction of complex genome with higher ploidy feasible.
The Crystal Structures of EAP Domains from Staphylococcus aureus Reveal an Unexpected Homology to Bacterial Superantigens (2005)

The Eap (extracellular adherence protein) of Staphylococcus aureus functions as a secreted virulence factor by mediating interactions between the bacterial cell surface and several extracellular host proteins. Eap proteins from different Staphylococcal strains consist of four to six tandem repeats of a structurally uncharacterized domain (EAP domain). We have determined the three-dimensional structures of three different EAP domains to 1.8, 2.2, and 1.35 A resolution, respectively. These structures reveal a core fold that is comprised of an alpha-helix lying diagonally across a five-stranded, mixed beta-sheet. Comparison of EAP domains with known structures reveals an unexpected homology with the C-terminal domain of bacterial superantigens. Examination of the structure of the superantigen SEC2 bound to the beta-chain of a T-cell receptor suggests a possible ligand-binding site within the EAP domain (Fields, B. A., Malchiodi, E. L., Li, H., Ysern, X., Stauffacher, C. V., Schlievert, P. M., Karjalainen, K., and Mariuzza, R. (1996) Nature 384, 188-192). These results provide the first structural characterization of EAP domains, relate EAP domains to a large class of bacterial toxins, and will guide the design of future experiments to analyze EAP domain structure/function relationships.
Supplementary Fig. S3 from Bacterial Prostatitis Enhances 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-<i>b</i>]Pyridine (PhIP)–Induced Cancer at Multiple Sites (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Body weight and food intake data.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimization of Blanching for Crispness of Banana Chips Using Response Surface Methodology (1996)

ABSTRACT Whole green bananas were blanched in water at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C for 2, 15, and 30 min using a factorial design then peeled, sliced and fried in oil to make chips. Crispness was measured using a bending‐snapping test in the TA.XT2 Texture Analyzer. Significant interactions were found between blanch time and temperature and crispness of chips. A second experiment was then performed using a central composite design and blanch temperatures from 41.7 to 98.3°C. Response surface analysis predicted that crispiest chips should be produced at blanching conditions of 69°C and 22 min.
MIMO Optical Wireless Communications Using ACO-OFDM and a Prism-Array Receiver (2015)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a prism-array receiver in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) intensity-modulated direct-detection optical wireless communication system. The elements of the MIMO channel matrix depend on the geometry of each prism and the orientation of the prism relative to the optical transmitter. An expression is derived for each channel gain as a function of the angle of the prism, the aspect ratio and area of the receiving surface of the prism, and the orientation and distance between the transmitter and receiver. Results are presented for the directionality and overall field of view (FOV) of a receiver comprising six prisms, showing that compact receivers can be designed, which combine well-conditioned channel matrices with wide FOVs. Simulation results are presented for a typical indoor visible light communication system where four light-emitting diode lights transmit information using asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and linear equalizers are used in the receiver. It is shown that the overall bit error rate depends very strongly on the angle of the prisms and on the position of the receiver, but that a simple six-prism receiver can successfully decouple the four transmitted signals at typical receiver positions within the room.
Flat Panel Detectors for Digital Radiography (2010)

X-ray images are formed as shadows of the interior of the body. In an x-ray department, radiologists still examine and diagnose x-ray images on illuminated view boxes, much like a century ago. Recent technological developments are revolutionizing these procedures. Because it is not yet practical to focus x rays, an x-ray detector has to be larger than the body part to be imaged. Thus a practical difficulty in making an x-ray detector is the need to image a large area. The key digital technology permitting an advance in medical x-ray applications is the flat-panel active matrix array, originally developed for laptop-computer displays.

Currently, in taking an x-ray image, a radiological technologist must load a film into a film/screen cassette; carry the cassette to the examination room; insert the cassette into the x-ray table; position the patient; make the x-ray exposure; carry the cassette back to the processor to develop the film; and check the processed film for any obvious problems to ensure that the film is suitable for making a medical diagnosis. This laborious process can take several minutes during which time the patient has to remain undressed and the x-ray room is engaged. In contrast, the ideal x-ray imaging system would, immediately after the patient's x-ray exposure, provide a high-quality radiograph on a video monitor. If the physical form of the detector could be similar to a film/screen cassette, it could be used with little modification of the x-ray room. Digital x-ray images would provide several advantages: less handling; more convenient patient management; immediate image viewing; computer-aided diagnosis [1, 2]; and more convenient storage on computer disks rather than in archaic film stacks. Such improvements are important, but must not reduce image quality or increase radiation exposure.

Piecemeal approaches to digital x-ray imaging have been pursued for a number of years and have highlighted an interest in the general concept of the fully digital radiology department. In this context, flat-panel imagers are of great interest as they have the potential to solve most of the problems associated with the acquisition of high-quality digital radiographs. Despite the technical issues still surrounding their implementation, they remain the only approach so far identified that has the potential to be all things to all radiologists. The rest of this chapter will describe some of the history behind their development as well as their fabrication, design, evaluation, and configuration into digital x-ray imaging systems for specific clinical tasks.
The Orticochea Pharyngoplasty and Primary Palatoplasty: An Evaluation (1987)

A primary Orticochea pharyngoplasty with a primary palatoplasty was studied in 15 children with cleft palates. Although all children demonstrated velopharyngeal competence, radiographic, endoscopic, and oral examinations suggested that 54% of the children studied would not have needed a pharyngoplasty. In addition, 27% of the children demonstrated aberrant speech patterns associated with velopharyngeal incompetence. Emphasis is placed on the difficulty in identifying which cleft palate patients will have residual velopharyngeal incompetence and the need for continued study and development of techniques for more accurate prediction of which patients would benefit from a primary pharyngoplasty.
No many-scallop theorem: Collective locomotion of reciprocal swimmers (2008)

To achieve propulsion at low Reynolds number, a swimmer must deform in a way that is not invariant under time-reversal symmetry; this result is known as the scallop theorem. However, there is no many-scallop theorem. We demonstrate here that two active particles undergoing reciprocal deformations can swim collectively; moreover, polar particles also experience effective long-range interactions. These results are derived for a minimal dimers model, and generalized to more complex geometries on the basis of symmetry and scaling arguments. We explain how such cooperative locomotion can be realized experimentally by shaking a collection of soft particles with a homogeneous external field.
Improving microbial fuel cells (2012)

Microbial fuel cell technology has the potential to help address two of society's biggest environmental challenges – how to deal with the vast quantities of organic waste that is produced and where to find clean, renewable energy. However, if microbial fuel cells are to find practical application, this technology needs to become more efficient and overcome obstacles such as cathode limitations.
Ni^2+ doped glass ceramic fiber fabricated by melt-in-tube method and successive heat treatment (2015)

Glass ceramic fibers containing Ni(2+) doped LiGa(5)O(8) nanocrystals were fabricated by a melt-in-tube method and successive heat treatment. Fiber precursors were prepared by drawing at high temperature where fiber core glass was melted while fiber clad glass was softened. After heat treatment, LiGa(5)O(8) nanocrystals were precipitated in the fiber core. Excited by 980 nm laser, efficient broadband near-infrared emission was observed in the glass ceramic fiber compared to that of precursor fiber. The melt-in-tube method can realize controllable crystallization and is suitable for fabrication of novel glass ceramic fibers. The Ni(2+)-doped glass ceramic fiber is promising for broadband optical amplification.
Some Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and Engineers (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTSome Items of Interest to Process R&D Chemists and EngineersTrevor Laird, Mark McLaughlin, Silvina García Rubio, Octavio Augusto Ceva Antunes, Ulf Tilstam, Andrei Zlota, and Ganapati D. YadavView Author Information Editor Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Albany Molecular Research Inc., Syracuse Research Center, 7001 Performance Drive, North Syracuse, New York 13212, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Instituto de Quimica, UFRJ, CT Bloco A, Lab. 641, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Development Centre S.A., Parc Scientifique de Louvain-la-Neuve, Rue Granbonpre 11, B-1348 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium E-mail: [email protected] Chemical R&D, Sepracor Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Department of Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, India E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2006, 10, 5, 853–865Publication Date (Web):September 15, 2006Publication History Published online15 September 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op060169ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/op060169ieditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2367Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (285 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Ketones,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Continuously Tuned Ku-Band Cavity Filter Based on Dielectric Perturbers Made by Ceramic Additive Manufacturing for Space Applications (2017)

This paper presents a concept of a tunable cavity resonator composed of a resonating cavity and a dielectric perturber. This tunable resonator is designed and measured to prove the tuning mechanism obtained by varying the angle of rotation of the perturber. A rotation from 0 to 90 produces a tuning ratio of 1:1.25, i.e., a tuning range of 22.2% around 11.5 GHz while maintaining an unloaded Q factor between 1500 and 2300. After this first experimental validation, a third-order bandpass filter is then designed and measured using the same base principle. Using a single mechanical movement, all three resonators' perturbers are synchronously rotated to create a third-order Chebyshev bandpass filter maintaining a 516±38-MHz bandwidth (for a return loss better than 10 dB) from 9.915 to 12.189 GHz. A 20.6% tuning range is then obtained at approximately 11 GHz with an estimated Q factor from 1400 to 2150. These performances have been obtained by using specifically shaped dielectric perturbers, which have been made by a ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) process (stereolithography). This technology has enabled the perturbers' specific geometries and embedded supporting elements to be feasible. A sixth-order Chebyshev bandpass filter has also been theoretically proposed using full wave simulations.
Luminescence effects in reactive powder sintered silica glasses for radiation sensing (2018)

Abstract Silica glasses doped with rare‐earth ions are potential materials for optical fiber radiation detection and dosimetry applications. High sensitivity to radiation requires fibers with large cores that can be reliably fabricated using glass made in a novel process from the reactive powder sintering of silica. The luminescence and dosimetric properties of a range of rare earth‐doped silica materials produced using this novel technique are reported here. Radioluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) are the fundamental mechanisms enabling radiation detection in optical fibers. It was found that thermoluminescence, radioluminescence, and OSL are observed if the glass contains luminescent transitions in the detection wavelength range. Cerium‐ and thulium‐doped silica glasses were found to be promising candidates for optical fiber dosimetry. Samples showed intense luminescence signals in response to both photo‐stimulation and irradiation from alpha and beta sources. OSL results for cerium are three times larger than results for irradiated fluoride phosphate glasses previously tested for dosimetry use. Spectroscopic measurements indicate emission in the 300‐500 nm region, suitable for detection with photomultiplier tubes.
The Genome of the Self-Fertilizing Mangrove Rivulus Fish,Kryptolebias marmoratus: A Model for Studying Phenotypic Plasticity and Adaptations to Extreme Environments (2016)

The mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of two preferentially self-fertilizing hermaphroditic vertebrates. This mode of reproduction makes mangrove rivulus an important model for evolutionary and biomedical studies because long periods of self-fertilization result in naturally homozygous genotypes that can produce isogenic lineages without significant limitations associated with inbreeding depression. Over 400 isogenic lineages currently held in laboratories across the globe show considerable among-lineage variation in physiology, behavior, and life history traits that is maintained under common garden conditions. Temperature mediates the development of primary males and also sex change between hermaphrodites and secondary males, which makes the system ideal for the study of sex determination and sexual plasticity. Mangrove rivulus also exhibit remarkable adaptations to living in extreme environments, and the system has great promise to shed light on the evolution of terrestrial locomotion, aerial respiration, and broad tolerances to hypoxia, salinity, temperature, and environmental pollutants. Genome assembly of the mangrove rivulus allows the study of genes and gene families associated with the traits described above. Here we present a de novo assembled reference genome for the mangrove rivulus, with an approximately 900 Mb genome, including 27,328 annotated, predicted, protein-coding genes. Moreover, we are able to place more than 50% of the assembled genome onto a recently published linkage map. The genome provides an important addition to the linkage map and transcriptomic tools recently developed for this species that together provide critical resources for epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. Moreover, the genome will serve as the foundation for addressing key questions in behavior, physiology, toxicology, and evolutionary biology.