gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clusterin enhances AKT2‐mediated motility of normal and cancer prostate cells through a PTEN and PHLPP1 circuit (2018)

Clusterin (CLU) is a chaperone-like protein with multiple functions. sCLU is frequently upregulated in prostate tumor cells after chemo- or radiotherapy and after surgical or pharmacological castration. Moreover, CLU has been documented to modulate the cellular homolog of murine thymoma virus akt8 oncogene (AKT) activity. Here, we investigated how CLU overexpression influences phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in human normal and cancer epithelial prostate cells. Human prostate cells stably transfected with CLU were broadly profiled by reverse phase protein array (RPPA), with particular emphasis on the PI3K/AKT pathway. The effect of CLU overexpression on normal and cancer cell motility was also tested. Our results clearly indicate that CLU overexpression enhances phosphorylation of AKT restricted to isoform 2. Mechanistically, this can be explained by the finding that the phosphatase PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), known to dephosphorylate AKT2 at S474, is markedly downregulated by CLU, whereas miR-190, a negative regulator of PHLPP1, is upregulated. Moreover, we found that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was heavily phosphorylated at the inhibitory site S380, contributing to the hyperactivation of AKT signaling. By keeping AKT2 phosphorylation high, CLU dramatically enhances the migratory behavior of prostate epithelial cell lines with different migratory and invasive phenotypes, namely prostate normal epithelial 1A (PNT1A) and prostatic carcinoma 3 (PC3) cells. Altogether, our results unravel for the first time a circuit by which CLU can switch a low migration phenotype toward a high migration phenotype, through miR-190-dependent downmodulation of PHLPP1 expression and, in turn, stabilization of AKT2 phosphorylation.
On Rational State Space Realizations (Conference Version) (1992)

It is investigated when a polynomial inputoutput differential equation can be realized in rational, explicit state space form, i.e. so that all components of the right hand side are rational functions of the states. In the case where there are no inputs the problem is showed to be equivalent to a famous problem in algebraic geometry, which is solved only in various special cases. For systems with inputs the problem is more complicated, as is the discrete time case. An interpretation of the Luroth problem in terms of observability is made.
The role of leadership in eliminating health care-associated infections: A qualitative study of eight hospitals (2013)

We found that the presence of local clinical champions was perceived across organizations and interviewees as a key factor contributing to HAI-prevention efforts, with champions playing important roles as coordinators, cheerleaders, and advocates for the initiatives. Top-level support was also critical, with elements such as visibility, commitment, and clear expectations valued across interviewees. VALUE/ORGINALITY: Results suggest that leadership plays an important role in the successful implementation of HAI-prevention interventions. Improving our understanding of nonclinical differences across health systems may contribute to efforts to eliminate HAIs.
Cellulosic Binder-Assisted Formation of Graphene-Paper Electrode with Flat Surface and Porous Internal Structure (2013)

We have reported the fabrication of flexible graphene-paper electrode (GPE) with a flat surface, whose internal structure has been formed with gradient porous build-up (from the surface to the 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HC)-coated paper). HC solution was used as a binder to form the gradient porous graphene layer, enabling it to create an anchoring force between the porous graphene layer and the filter paper. The morphology of GPE was investigated using a scanning electron microscope, and the surface resistance of the GPE as a function of graphene content was determined using four-probe method. The electrochemical performance of the GPE was evaluated using a three-electrode test cell by cyclic voltammetry. The gravimetric capacitance of GPE was found to be 120 F per gram of graphene, and the capacitance retention was within ca. 96% for over 500 cycles. This could be attributed to both the low surface resistance resulting from the flat surface and the high electrochemical activity caused by the gradient porous structure. This unique structure not only offers an enhanced conductivity and good electrical contact between the electrode and electrolyte but also helps GPE to maintain good cyclic stability, proving its potential for use in various rechargeable and portable energy-storage devices.
Systematic Analysis of High Schmidt Number Turbulent Mass Transfer Across Clean, Contaminated and Solid Interfaces (2007)

A series of numerical simulation is carried out of high Schmidt number turbulent mass transfer across interfaces of different dynamical conditions, i.e., a clean or contaminated free surface and also a solid surface. With increasing the Marangoni number representing the surface tension effect, low-frequency fluctuations of surface divergence, which play a critical role in the interfacial mass transfer, are drastically decreased. Various statistics of the turbulent concentration fluctuation reveal that the transport mechanism at a contaminated interface becomes dynamically equivalent to that at a solid surface beyond a critical Marangoni number. Consequently, the interfacial gas transfer rate falls down to that on a solid surface, so that the Schmidt number exponent switches from −0.5 to −0.7. Based on a one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation, a criterion for the transition of the turbulent mass transfer mode is discussed.
Roto-translated Local Coordinate Frames For Interacting Dynamical\n Systems (2021)

Modelling interactions is critical in learning complex dynamical systems,\nnamely systems of interacting objects with highly non-linear and time-dependent\nbehaviour. A large class of such systems can be formalized as\n$\\textit{geometric graphs}$, $\\textit{i.e.}$, graphs with nodes positioned in\nthe Euclidean space given an $\\textit{arbitrarily}$ chosen global coordinate\nsystem, for instance vehicles in a traffic scene. Notwithstanding the arbitrary\nglobal coordinate system, the governing dynamics of the respective dynamical\nsystems are invariant to rotations and translations, also known as\n$\\textit{Galilean invariance}$. As ignoring these invariances leads to worse\ngeneralization, in this work we propose local coordinate frames per node-object\nto induce roto-translation invariance to the geometric graph of the interacting\ndynamical system. Further, the local coordinate frames allow for a natural\ndefinition of anisotropic filtering in graph neural networks. Experiments in\ntraffic scenes, 3D motion capture, and colliding particles demonstrate that the\nproposed approach comfortably outperforms the recent state-of-the-art.\n
Bragg gratings in a new photosensitive material – photo-thermo-refractive glass (2003)

A new material for optics is being developed that promises to be far more robust than alternative materials. It is a photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass in which Bragg gratings can be written in the interior of the glass. The gratings are permanent as they are not removed by illuminating them with light at other wavelengths or by heating unless the temperature exceeds 400 C. This technology can be used to make diffractive elements such as spatial filters, attenuators, switches, modulators, beam splitters, beam samplers, beam deflectors, selectors of particular wavelengths (notch filters, add/drop elements), spectral shape formers (gain equalizers), spectral sensors, angular sensors, Bragg spectrometers, and transverse and longitudinal mode selectors in a laser resonator. The useful spectral range of this glass is from 350 nm to 2.8 microns.
Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and the Caspase Inhibitor “Ac-LETD-CHO” Protect Neuronal ND7/23 Cells of Gluocotoxicity (2019)

It well known that long-lasting hyperglycaemia disrupts neuronal function and leads to neuropathy and other neurodegenerative diseases. The α-ketoglutarate analogue (DMOG) and the caspase-inhibitor "Ac-LETD-CHO are potential neuroprotective molecules. Whether their protections may also extend glucotoxicity-induced neuropathy is not known. Herein, we evaluated the possible cell-protective effects of DMOG and Ac-LETD-CHO against hyperglycaemia-induced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in ND7/23 neuronal cells. The impact of glucotoxicity on the expression of HIF-1α and a panel of micro-RNAs of significance in hyperglycaemia and apoptosis was also investigated.ND7/23 cells cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions showed decreased cell viability and elevated levels of ROS production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, presence DMOG (500 µM) and/or Ac-LETD-CHO (50 µM) counteracted this effect and increase cell viability concomitant with reduction in ROS production, DNA damage and apoptosis. AcLETD-CHO suppressed hyperglycaemia-induced caspase 3 activation in ND7/23 cells. Both DMOG and Ac-LETD-CHO increased HIF-1α expression paralleled with the suppression of miR-126-5p, miR-128-3p and miR-181 expression and upregulation of miR-26b, 106a-5p, 106b-5p, 135a-5p, 135b-5p, 138-5p, 199a-5p, 200a-3p and 200c-3p expression.We demonstrate a mechanistic link for the DMOG and Ac-LETD-CHO protection against hyperglycaemia-induced neuronal dysfunction, DNA damage and apoptosis and thereby propose that pharmacological agents mimicking these effects may represent a promising novel therapy for the hyperglycaemia-induced neuropathy.
Informatics in Radiology: Efficiency Metrics for Imaging Device Productivity (2011)

Acute awareness of the costs associated with medical imaging equipment is an ever-present aspect of the current healthcare debate. However, the monitoring of productivity associated with expensive imaging devices is likely to be labor intensive, relies on summary statistics, and lacks accepted and standardized benchmarks of efficiency. In the context of the general Six Sigma DMAIC (design, measure, analyze, improve, and control) process, a World Wide Web-based productivity tool called the Imaging Exam Time Monitor was developed to accurately and remotely monitor imaging efficiency with use of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) combined with a picture archiving and communication system. Five device efficiency metrics-examination duration, table utilization, interpatient time, appointment interval time, and interseries time-were derived from DICOM values. These metrics allow the standardized measurement of productivity, to facilitate the comparative evaluation of imaging equipment use and ongoing efforts to improve efficiency. A relational database was constructed to store patient imaging data, along with device- and examination-related data. The database provides full access to ad hoc queries and can automatically generate detailed reports for administrative and business use, thereby allowing staff to monitor data for trends and to better identify possible changes that could lead to improved productivity and reduced costs in association with imaging services. © RSNA, 2011.
The Effect of Initial pH on Morphology of Biomimetic Apatite Coating (2007)

Bone-like apatite coatings were prepared using a biomimetic method in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The effect of initial pH values on the surface morphology of biomimetic apatite coating was studied. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscope. It was revealed that the morphology of the biomimetic apatite coating could be tailored by manipulating the initial pH of the SBF solution.
Abstract LB-058: ABIraterone (ABI) and ENZalutamide (ENZ) induce changes in immunologic profile of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) (2017)

Abstract Background: ABIraterone (ABI) is a CYP17-lyase inhibitor, while ENZalutimide (ENZ) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that inhibits nuclear translocation. Changes in serum cytokines have been noted in patients (pts) receiving docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCPRC) therapy (Mahon KL et al Br J Cancer 2015). We postulate that ABI and ENZ may also have a complex effect on cytokine profile. Methods: In a prospective trial in mCPRC pts, ABI or ENZ was given according to physician preference. Blood was drawn at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and at the time of progressive disease (PD). Plasma was separated from patients’ blood using Vacutainer CPT tubes (BD) within 2 hours after collection by centrifuging at 1800×g for 20 min at room temperature and stored in -80°c. Plasma samples were analyzed for 30 human cytokines and chemokines using Luminex FLEXMAP 3D system. Trends in serum cytokine profile were analyzed by supervised clustering, with segregation based on radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) criteria. Results: From May 2013 to June 2016, 33 pts were enrolled with a median age of 67. 13 and 20 pts received ABI and ENZ, respectively. Of these, 13 pts had received prior treatment with the opposing agent (e.g., ABI→ENZ, or ENZ→ABI). Prior docetaxel was rendered in 4 pts. 16 pts had rPFS &amp;lt; 6 mos, while 17 pts had rPFS ≥ 6 mos. Using supervised clustering, higher levels of GM-CSF (P=0.008) and IL-10 (P=0.008) were noted at 8 weeks in pts with rPFS ≥ 6 mos, while lower levels of IL-17 (P=0.008) and VEGF (P=0.001) were observed in this cohort. Across the entire cohort, a trend was noted with sequential decline in HGF from baseline to 4 and 8 weeks, but a pronounced rise was observed at the time of progression (P&amp;lt;0.05 for comparison of progression to baseline and 4 weeks). Conclusions: Our study suggests HGF as a mediator of ABI/ENZ resistance, supporting the well-established role of the HGF/MET signaling axis in prostate cancer pathogenesis. After initiation of therapy, lower levels of proinflammatory and proangiogenic mediators such as IL-17 and VEGF, respectively, are associated with protracted response to ABI and ENZ. These results may inform combination trials in mCRPC incorporating checkpoint inhibitors or other immune modulators. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Meghan Salgia, Marc L. Perez, Jeremy Jones, Hae Jung Won, Valeriy Poroyko, Przemyslaw Twardowski, Marcin Kortylewski, Sumanta K. Pal. ABIraterone (ABI) and ENZalutamide (ENZ) induce changes in immunologic profile of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-058. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-058
Scientific Opinion on the setting of health‐based reference values for metabolites of the active substance terbuthylazine (2019)

The EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues was requested to establish health-based reference values for groundwater metabolites (LM2, LM3, LM4, LM5 and LM6) of the active substance terbuthylazine based on the available evidence, unless the evidence was considered insufficient to do so. The request was accepted under the explicit circumstance that the reassessment would be made according to a different methodology than the routine methodology currently applied for the assessment of metabolites in groundwater. While for metabolites LM2, LM4 and LM5, it was concluded that the reference values for terbuthylazine are applicable, substance-specific reference values could not be derived for metabolites LM3 and LM6. The applied threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach has shown that metabolites LM3 and LM6 are of potential concern for consumer health, since at least one representative groundwater leaching scenario results in exposure above the relevant threshold. Moreover, other sources of exposure to LM3 and LM6 could not be excluded with certainty. It is therefore recommended to address the specific toxicities of metabolites LM3 and LM6.
Chronic inflammation, C-reactive protein, and breast health: future directions to predict, prevent, personalize and inspire consumerism in the mitigation of breast cancer (2009)

Breast cancer incidence has dropped dramatically with further reductions predictably linked to lifestyle/behavioral and environmental changes. About 98% of malignant breast conditions emanate within the epithelial cell compartment in the breast ductal system. Premalignant cell damage in this lining signals a biochemical cascade that deliver inflammatory proteins to the site. One protein, CRP, is associated with carcinogenic risk. An inflammation cell milieu amendable to efficient, low cost, preventive interventions that impede biochemical/molecular conversion to cancer would offer a 'disruptive innovation' with public health implications. Nipple aspirate (NAF), a non-invasively obtained tissue sample, is a rich source of protein markers manufactured by the ductal system. First, Lithgow's dissertation determined if CRP relates to reproductive, nutrition, and body composition and activity factors. Results were that age at first pregnancy, gravidity, wean time from breast-feeding last baby, %fat, and BMI, with p < .05, and serum triglycerides (p = .01), were related significantly to CRP levels in NAF. A model derived from selective factors significantly (p = .05) accounted for the variance in CRP in NAF. Second, Lithgow evaluated if risk factors, as identified by the Gail model, were associated with NAF CRP levels. CRP in NAF significantly (p = .04) and positively related to breast cancer risk as predicted by the Gail model. A third bio-cultural study offers a perspective breast microenvironment that challenges western views of the female breast. Proteins prevalent in grandmother age (35 – 70 years of age)breast fluids collected in an investigation of the use of re-lactation in response to a goal to reduce infant exposure to HIV transferred in mother's breast milk found that these grandmothers could re-establish a nutritious/adequate milk supply equivalent with the cell and protein components of human milk. The inflammatory hypothesis, as a potential preventive base to support breast-feeding support for maternal health, systematic testing of NAF, serial expression of NAF, dietary supplements and other innovations taken together promise further reductions of breast cancer incidence. The western view of female breast pathophysiology may benefit from a 'disruptive innovation' philosophy applied to the translational model of knowledge development that is predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory in the mitigation of breast cancer.
A low power programmable band gap reference circuit with subthreshold MOSFETs (2008)

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for the design of low power CMOS programmable band gap reference circuit. In the literature, an inversion technique is proposed to make the voltage reference to be independent of temperature by using parasitic bipolar transistors. In the above technique, this paper proposes the use of MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region for generating a voltage with negative temperature coefficient. Programmability is proposed for the first time by changing the aspect ratio, the current flowing through diode connected MOSFETs and gain introduced through the inversion technique. To study the performance of the proposed programmable scheme, the band gap reference is implemented in tsmc035 CMOS process with 3.7 V power supply. The simulation carried out in Eldo spice indicates that temperature coefficients are 7 ppm/ldrc, 23 ppm/ldrc and 30 ppm/ldrc respectively over the temperature range of -10ldrc to 120ldrc for output voltages 0.9 V, 1.2 V and 1.5 V. It dissipates 53 muW, 134 muW and 302 muW for output voltages 0.9 V, 1.2 V and 1.5 V respectively. The estimated silicon area is 0.023 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
System qualification and optimization for imaging performance on the 0.80-NA 248-nm step-and-scan systems (2002)

This paper shows the improvements in imaging performance on the ASML PAS5500/800<SUP>TM</SUP>, the PAS5500/850B<SUP>TM</SUP> and the TWINSCAN<SUP>TM</SUP> AT:850B<SUP>TM</SUP> Step &amp; Scan systems. During setup, the lens aberrations are measured by the TAMIS technique and optimized. This gives excellent imaging performance for aberration sensitive features such as 'two bar,' the DRAM isolation pattern and isolated lines printed with alternating PSM. Lithographic tests based on these features were developed and tested on a number of 800 and 850 systems and gave results well within specification limits. Consequently, the imaging performance has been improved for a wide range of applications.
Polygamy based Genetic Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) power optimization: A proposal (2014)

One of the challenges in the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is power optimization under different operation mode. In solving the aforementioned problem, polygamy based selection Genetic Algorithm technique has been proposed in this work. The proposed technique involves parameter initialization, problem coding and optimization. The power requirement is coded as a bit of strings subject to power limit constraint. The initial solutions are evaluated based on the UAV power system objective function. The evaluated solutions are clustered into two different classes using K-Means algorithm. Chromosomes in the cluster with minimal centroid are then made to undergo polygamy mating subject to population control mechanism. Resulting solution were then mutated and the whole process continue till number of generation is reached or other termination criteria met. Application of the proposed technique shows that the average efficiency of UAV can be improved using the proposed algorithm.
Robotics as a Support Tool for Experimental Optimisation of Surgical Strategies in Orthopaedic Surgery (2010)

Robotics has shown its potential not only in assisting the surgeon during an intervention but also as a tool for training and for surgical procedure's evaluation. Thus, robotics can constitute an extension of simulators that are based on the high capabilities of computer graphics. In addition, haptics has taken a first step in increasing the performance of current virtual reality systems based uniquely on computer simulation and their corresponding interface devices. As a further step in the field of training and learning in surgery, this work describes a robotic experimental workstation composed of robots and specific measuring devices, together with their corresponding control and monitoring strategies for orthopaedic surgery. Through a case study, humerus arthroplasty, experimental evaluation shows the possibilities of having a test bed available for repetitive and quantifiable trials, which make a reliable scientific comparison between different surgical strategies possible.
Shadowed management of free disk pages with a linked list (1983)

We describe and prove correct a programming technique using a linked list of pages for managing the free disk pages of a file system where shadowing is the recovery technique. Our technique requires a window of only two pages of main memory for accessing and maintaining the free list, and avoids wholesale copying of free-list pages during a checkpoint or recover operation.