gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle Protein Synthetic Responses After Low-dose Protein Ingestion and Resistance Exercise In Older Women (2018)

Resistance exercise enhances the anabolic sensitivity of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (MPS) to the ingestion of a moderate amount of protein in young and older men. However, the effectiveness of resistance exercise to potentiate postprandial MPS after the ingestion of minimal dose of protein in aging women has not been well characterized. PURPOSE: We compared changes in MPS to ingestion of ~14 g whey protein or water at rest and after resistance exercise in middle-aged and older women. METHODS: 10 women (59±2 y; BMI: 25±1 kg/m2; LBM: 46±2 kg) performed a bout of unilateral leg extension exercise (3 sets × 12 repetitions at 60% estimated 1RM) prior to ingesting whey protein (0.3g/kg LBM; WHEY, n=5) or water (WATER n=5). Primed continuous infusions of L-[ring-13C ]phenylalanine, blood, and skeletal muscle biopsies were used to measure MPS over 4 h postprandial phase in both exercise (EX) and non-exercised (CON) legs. RESULTS: Plasma essential amino acid concentrations were increased from basal (2.5- fold) in WHEY group (P<0.05), but not in WATER group (P>0.05). EX significantly increased MPS above basal in both WHEY (5-fold) and WATER (2.3-fold) groups over the 4-hour postprandial period (P<0.05). MPS were not significantly increased above basal rates in the CON leg throughout the postprandial period in either condition (P=0.104). No group differences in MPS were observed between the WHEY or WATER groups in either the EX or CON legs (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: A moderate volume of resistance exercise significantly increased MPS in aging women. However, the ingestion of a low dose of whey protein immediately after resistance exercise did not potentiate the MPS response when compared to ingesting water. Therefore, more targeted anabolic strategies are warranted to maximize the MPS response to feeding and exercise in older women.
Comparative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Components of Host Cell Invasion and Post-transcriptional Regulation During Francisella Infection (2013)

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes the deadly disease tularemia. Most evidence suggests that Francisella is not well recognized by the innate immune system that normally leads to cytokine expression and cell death. In previous work, we identified new bacterial factors that were hyper-cytotoxic to macrophages. Four of the identified hyper-cytotoxic strains (lpcC, manB, manC, and kdtA) had an impaired lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis and produced an exposed lipid A lacking the O-antigen. These mutants were not only hyper-cytotoxic but also were phagocytosed at much higher rates compared with the wild type parent strain. To elucidate the cellular signaling underlying this enhanced phagocytosis and cell death, we performed a large-scale comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of cells infected with wild-type and delta-lpcC F. novicida. Our data suggest that not only actin but also intermediate filaments and microtubules are important for F. novicida entry into the host cells. In addition, we observed differential phosphorylation of tristetraprolin, a key component of the mRNA-degrading machinery that controls the expression of a variety of genes including many cytokines. Infection with the delta-lpcC mutant induced the hyper-phosphorylation and inhibition of tristetraprolin, leading to the production of cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha that may kill the host cells by triggering apoptosis. Together, our data provide new insights for Francisella invasion and a post-transcriptional mechanism that prevents the expression of host immune response factors that control infection by this pathogen.
Long-term durability of the dual-cure resin cement/silicon oxide ceramic bond. (2002)

The chemical composition of the multicomponent ceramic primer/bonding agent significantly affects the long-term durability of the dual-cure resin cement/silicon oxide ceramic bond. The presence of water in a ceramic primer has a significant detrimental effect on resin-ceramic bond durability. In addition, the thickness of the ceramic restoration influences dual-cure resin cement/ceramic bond durability.
Signal Flow Graphs (2022)

Signal flow graph theory is concerned with the development of a graph theoretic approach to solving a system of linear algebraic equations. Two closely related methods proposed by Coates and Mason have appeared in the literature and have served as elegant aids in gaining insight into the structure and nature of solutions of systems of equations. This chapter develops these two methods. Coates and Mason’s methods may be viewed as generalizations of a basic theorem in graph theory due to Harary, which provides a formula for finding the determinant of the adjacency matrix of a directed graph. The chapter determines the different collections of vertex-disjoint directed circuits of the Mason graph.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Long Myosin Light Chain Kinase Transcription Is Regulated by Differentiation-dependent Signaling Events (2006)

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is expressed as long and short isoforms from unique transcriptional start sites within a single gene. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) augments intestinal epithelial long MLCK expression, which is critical to cytoskeletal regulation. We found that TNF increases long MLCK mRNA transcription, both in human enterocytes in vitro and murine enterocytes in vivo.5'-RACE identified two novel exons, 1A and 1B, which encode alternative long MLCK transcriptional start sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and site-directed mutagenesis identified two essential Sp1 sites upstream of the exon 1A long MLCK transcriptional start site. Analysis of deletion and truncation mutants showed that a 102-bp region including these Sp1 sites was necessary for basal transcription. A promoter construct including 4-kb upstream of exon 1A was responsive to TNF, AP-1, or NFkappaB, but all except NFkappaB responses were absent in a shorter 2-kb construct, and all responses were absent in a 1-kb construct. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, ChIP, and site-directed mutagenesis explained these data by identifying three functional AP-1 sites between 2- and 4-kb upstream of exon 1A and two NFkappaB sites between 1- and 2-kb upstream of exon 1A. Analysis of differentiating epithelia showed that only well differentiated enterocytes activated the 4-kb long MLCK promoter in response to TNF, and consensus promoter reporters demonstrated that TNF-induced NFkappaB activation decreased during differentiation while TNF-induced AP-1 activation increased. Thus either AP-1 or NFkappaB can up-regulate long MLCK transcription, but the mechanisms by which TNF up-regulates intestinal epithelial long MLCK transcription from exon 1A are differentiation-dependent.
Characterization and quality control of semiconductor wafers using time-correlated single photon counting (2012)

Depending on the semiconductor material, the luminescence lifetime of semiconductor wafers can vary over a broad range from microseconds for Si-wafers down to sub-nanoseconds for III/V and II/VI based thin film or organic materials. The lifetime of a given wafer sample depends on the free charge carrier dynamics and can therefore be affected by several parameters. An important example is the influence of bulk or surface defects [1], thus the lifetime is a possible indicator for wafer quality. On dye-sensitized solar cells, lifetime measurements are also useful to characterize the energy transfer process from the sensitizer to the conduction band [2]. We have developed a setup for time-resolved photoluminescence measurements (TRPL) based on pulsed diode lasers and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) with highly sensitive single photon detectors. Depending on the detector type, the instrument response function (IRF) can be as short as 100 ps and the laser pulse rate can be adapted to the luminescence lifetime of the material. The resolvable lifetimes extend from approx. 50 ps up to several hundred microseconds. The electronics can also be integrated into a microscope based setup for imaging with a lateral resolution down to the sub-μm range [3] as well as testing the lifetime behaviour at different injection levels. We will show measurement results of the system on an GaAsP-based Quantum Well.
Laserfarbstoffe, IV. Synthese planar fixierter Nonamethin‐Cyaninfarbstoffe (1986)

Abstract Es wird ein Eintopf‐Verfahren zur Darstellung von symmetrischen und unsymmetrischen Nonamethin‐Cyaninfarbstoffen 2 mit planar fixierter Methinkette beschrieben.
Jet Initiation Thresholds of Nitromethane (1993)

The initiation criterion for nitromethane and diethylenetriamine- sensitized solutions has been established over a confined range of jet diameters, velocities, and failure diameters. The data were normalized with the failure diameter that was chemically modified, and they support the hypothesis that the failure diameter should be made part of the critical initiation function. The difference between physically- and chemically sensitized NM in promptness of initiation, as measured by corner turning distance, was not statistically significant. The diameter of the Viper jet has been characterized over a wide range of velocities.
Blockade of the Kinin B1 Receptor Ameloriates Glomerulonephritis (2010)

Severe inflammation characterizes rapidly progressive glomerulonephritides, and expression of the kinin B1 receptor (B1R) associates with inflammation. Delayed B1R blockade reduces renal inflammation in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction, but whether B1R modulates the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritides is unknown. Here, we observed an association of B1R protein expression and inflammation, in both glomeruli and the renal interstitium, in biopsies of patients with glomerulonephritides, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephropathy, and ANCA-associated vasculitis. In the nephrotoxic serum-induced glomerulonephritis model, we observed upregulation of the B1R receptor; treatment with a B1R antagonist beginning 2 weeks after the onset of disease reduced both glomerular and tubular lesions and improved renal function. B1R blockade reduced renal chemokine expression and macrophage accumulation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that blockade of the kinin B1R has significant potential for the treatment of glomerulonephritis.
The Effect of Head Tilt on Perception of Self-Orientation While in a Greater than One G Environment (1995)

The effect of head tilt on the perception of self-orientation while in a greater than one G environment was studied in nine subjects using the Armstrong Laboratory Dynamic Environment Simulator. After a 12-s stabilization period at a constant head tilt and G level, subjects reported their perception of the horizon by placing their right hand in a position they believed to be horizontal. Head tilt conditions ranged from -30 degrees to +45 degrees pitch over each of three head yaw positions. G levels ranged from one to four and were in the longitudinal axis of the body (Gz). Hand position was recorded in both the pitch and roll body axes. A function of head tilt did improve the fit of a multiple regression model to the collected data in both the pitch and roll axes (P < .05). The best fit was accomplished with a nonlinear function of G and head pitch. When the head remained level but the environment tilted with respect to the G vector (at angles similar to those perceived during head tilt), subjects accurately reported the environmental tilt. Head tilt under G can result in vestibular-based illusionary perception of environmental tilt. Actual environmental tilt is accurately perceived due to added channels of haptic information.
Immobilization of Highly Concentrated Cell Suspensions Using the Laminar Jet Breakup Technique (1999)

The controlled breakup of a disturbed jet is a well-known technique for monodisperse particle production and has been well-investigated for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. For the immobilization of cells in beads of a hydrogel it has been observed that there is a maximum cell concentration beyond which a monodisperse bead distribution cannot be reached. Higher concentrations lead to irregular jet breakup and thus to droplet coalescence forming beads with double or triple volume. This maximum cell concentration has been investigated for different operating conditions using latex beads of different diameters as a model substance for cells and baker's yeast as a comparison. The maximum cell concentration where a monodisperse size distribution could still be achieved was increased using an electrostatic droplet dispersion system.
Range of Pulmonary Autograft Responses to Systemic Pressure Immediately After Ross Procedure. (2019)

We quantified normal human autograft biomechanical responses to systemic pressure based on patient-specific material properties. Regions of peak stresses were observed in autograft sinuses and STJ regions, which corresponded clinically to locations of autograft dilation. Our results provide valuable information on predicting variations in patient-specific <i>ex vivo</i> FE models when population-based material properties are used in settings where patient-specific properties are unknown.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of trans‐2,3‐Disubstituted 2,3‐Dihydropyran‐4‐one Derivatives (2006)

Abstract trans ‐Diastereoselective hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions took place in the presence of SiCl 4 /activator systems. The reactions of aldehydes with a derivative of Danishefsky’s diene afforded the corresponding pyrones with high yields and diastereoselectivity upon activating SiCl 4 with suitable neutral Lewis bases. Aldol intermediates deriving from a Mukaiyama‐type pathway were isolated in many cases. The employment of a chiral activator allowed us to convert Danishefsky’s diene (or its disubstituted derivative) into both aldols and pyrones in good to high enantiomeric excesses.
On solving systems of equations using interval arithmetic (1968)

Introduction. In this paper, we consider the problem of applying interval arithmetic to bound a solution of a system of nonlinear equations. Moore [1, Section 7.3] has discussed the same problem. His approach, as well as ours, is to extend the multidimensional Newton method and implement it in interval arithmetic. In Section 2, it is shown that a particular detail of Moore's method can be modified to improve convergence and yield sharper bounds. In extreme cases, the modification can yield convergence where the original method fails. To illustrate this procedure, we consider (in Section 3) the problem of bounding complex roots of polynomials. Previous literature on the use of interval arithmetic to bound polynomial roots was restricted to the case of real polynomials with real roots. We use the obvious expedient of separating a polynomial equation into real and imaginary parts. This yields two real equations in two real variables to be solved by the method of Section 2. In Section 4, we consider the matrix eigenvalue-vector problem. Bounds for the solution of this problem are obtained by a method which is essentially that of Section 2. We show that our method is directly related to Wielandt inverse iteration.
TRAVTEK GLOBAL EVALUATION AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (1995)

TravTek was an operational field test of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) technologies. This paper summarizes the findings from the series of studies that constituted the TravTek evaluation. Two field studies, three field experiments, and four analytical studies are summarized. The Rental User Study and Local User Study were naturalistic field studies of the use of the TravTek system by rental drivers and high-mileage local area residents respectively. The Yoked Driver Study, Orlando Test Network Study, and Camera Car Study were field experiments that empirically assessed the in-vehicle TravTek subsystem with respect to measures of performance that included trip planning time, travel time, subjective workload, wrong turns, glance location, and glance duration. The Modeling Study extrapolated expected system performance from field studies and experiments for various levels of market penetration, traffic conditions not observed in the field, and measures of performance not directly measured in the field. The Modeling Study projected effects on fuel consumption, vehicle emissions, accident risk, and other measures for market penetration levels of 1 to 100 percent. The Safety Study reviewed and integrated safety-related statistics across all TravTek studies and expanded on Modeling Study methods to project safety benefits. The Architecture Study thoroughly documented the TravTek system and evaluated system components that included: communications, data bases, hardware, software, and system staffing. Study results showed that the TravTek system was reliable. The distributed information processing system was found to be viable. The system helped drivers save substantial trip planning and travel time. It also was effective in helping drivers avoid congestion. Both visitors and local users used the system frequently, and provided a median estimate of the value of the system in a new car of about $1000. The turn-by-turn Guidance Display and Voice Guide were very well received. Visitors and local users used these features for the majority of their trips, and results of field experiments suggest that the Guidance Display and Voice Guide yielded improved driving and navigation performance over navigating to unfamiliar destinations by conventional means. The Safety Study showed that the system was safe, and suggested a small safety benefit for a fully deployed system. The Modeling Study findings suggest that a TravTek system would benefit not only system users, but also non-equipped vehicles that share the road with system users. The TravTek operational test was a success. The TravTek evaluation demonstrated that users found the system useful easy to use, and safe. Field experiments showed that the system reduced trip planning and travel time, and improved driving and navigation performance. System users indicated that they were willing to pay for a system such as the one they drove during the operational test.
Effects of Intraoperative Neural Tunnel in Protecting Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Experiences in Open, Trans Breast, and Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy (2022)

This was the first instance of the INTP strategy being introduced and was found to be an effective method for protecting the RLN in open, trans breast, and transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy. Additionally, INTP helped protect other important tissues such as the parathyroid glands in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy as well as in reducing postoperative inflammatory responses.
Evidence for avalanche generation in reverse-biased InGaN LEDs (2019)

Avalanche generation is a physical mechanism responsible for the breakdown at extremely high field, such as in the reverse bias conditions typical of ESD discharges. In this work, for the first time we provide experimental evidence that avalanche generation can take place in state-of-the-art InGaN-based blue LEDs. We measured the current-voltage and electroluminescence curves of the devices while pulsing them with increasing reverse voltages. We investigated a wide span of temperatures (from cryogenic to room temperature) in order to verify that the increase in leakage current detected below -80 V is related to avalanche generation (positive temperature-coefficient). Numerical simulations show that in this bias condition the band-to-band tunneling barrier thickness is low, leading to the possible injection of highly-energetic electrons from the p-side to the n-side that can start the avalanche process. The spectral shape shows a broad emission, covering the spectral range between 1.25 and 3.5 eV; the low energy side slowly decreases below 2.2 eV, and two sharp edges are seen at the high-energy side. Since an avalanche generation process is present, we can interpret the spectrum as follows: (i) hole and electron pairs generated by the avalanche process recombine, emitting photons; (ii) high-energy side: reabsorption of the emitted photons in the In-containing layers and nGaN side, confirmed by the red-shift at higher temperature; (iii) low-energy side: internal photoluminescence of the defects in the n-GaN layer, confirmed by PL measurements with external excitation. A theoretical computation based on this model is able to reproduce the experimental data.
An unexpected aminolysis in the synthesis of 5‐substituted 3‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyrazolo[1, 5‐a]quinazolines (1989)

Abstract A synthetic route to 5‐substituted 3‐(1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyrazolo[1, 5‐ a ]quinazolines is described. An unexpected displacement of a 4‐morpholinyl group from the 5‐position of this system occurred during tetrazole formation by the ammonia produced by in situ generation of hydrazoic acid from ammonium chloride and sodium azide.
Oxyhemoglobin (oxyhb) induces R‐type calcium channel expression in cerebral arteries (2006)

Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a major cause of mortality and morbidity following aneurysm rupture. Our laboratory has recently shown the emergence of R-type Ca2+ channels is associated with increased cerebral artery constriction in a rabbit SAH model (Ishiguro et al., Cir. Res. 2005). Here, we have examined whether the blood component, oxyhb, can mimic the ability of SAH to induce expression of R-type Ca2+ channels in the cerebral vasculature. Rabbit cerebral arteries were organ cultured for 1–5 days in the presence or absence of oxyhb. In the absence of oxyhb, constriction to 60 mM K+ is completely abolished by diltiazem, a L-type VDCC antagonist. However, following 5days of oxyhb treatment, K+-induced constriction became partially resistant to diltiazem. Further, the combination of SNX-482 (R-type VDCC antagonist) and diltiazem fully dilated oxyhb-exposed arteries. RT-PCR revealed that after 5 days of oxyhb, arteries expressed R-type Ca2+ channels (Cav2.3) in addition to L-type Ca2+ channels (Cav1.2). In contrast, arteries cultured in the absence of oxyhb expressed only L-type Ca2+ channels. These results demonstrate that oxyhb exposure for 5 days induces the expression of Cav2.3 in cerebral arteries. We propose that oxyhb contributes to SAH-induced vasospasm via the emergence of R-type Ca2+ channels in cerebral arteries. Expression of R-type Ca2+ channels may help to explain why L-type antagonists are relatively ineffective at reversing SAH-induced vasospasm. The work was supported by NIH (P20 RR16435, R01 HL078983) and Totman Medical Research Trust.
Supplementary Fig. 12 from Disruption of the MYC Superenhancer Complex by Dual Targeting of FLT3 and LSD1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Dual FLT3/LSD1 inhibition disrupts LSC clonogenicity.&lt;/p&gt;
Research on Remote Meter Automatic Reading Based on Computer Vision (2005)

A novel method is put forward, which the power meter can be read based on compute vision, and the architecture of remote meter auto reading system is designed. Different with the normal automatic meter reading system that must obtain the value from digital communication interface, the new method recognizes the meter reading utilizing the computer vision technique, it is a kind of non-contact measurement. In the meter automatic reading, the computer vision discrimination, incorporate human’s ability of visual and apprehensive models. Not only the digital display power meter can be read, but also the direct-reading instrument can be fetched In this paper, the scheme of remote automatic reading is introduced, the local meter reading information of distributed substation can be transmitted to center using computer net work. And then the pretreatment, segmentation and pattern matching, are detailed description in the meter image recognition process. Via energy meter automatic recognition experiment, the results based computer vision is accurate enough to monitor the remote substation running parameters.