gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor Elevates the Blood Platelets in Nonhuman Primates (2001)

Human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was administered to normal nonhuman primates to study its biological activities in vivo. Rhesus monkeys were treated intravenously with HGF (0.6 and 3 mg/kg) twice a day for 14 days. Before and during the treatment, the counts of red blood cells (RBC), platelets and white blood cells (WBC) were analyzed and serum levels of total protein, albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Body weight and temperature were also monitored during the experiment. Platelet counts began increasing on day 7. The maximum platelet increment for each monkey ranged from 18 to 84% of pre-administration levels. The differences were significant between the maximum and pre-administration platelet levels for each HGF treated monkey by paired Z-test (P<0.05). No changes were observed in WBC counts, however there was a small decrease in RBC counts. Serum biochemistry showed that HGF increased total protein levels but did not affect levels of CRP, one of the acute phase proteins. There were no changes in body weight or body temperature of the HGF treated-monkeys during the observation period. These results indicate that HGF is able to increase platelet counts in nonhuman primates without significant side effects.
Arterial Pressure, Cardiac Output and Systemic Resistance before and after Pithing in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1975)

Abstract After complete cardiovascular denervation mean arterial pressure (MAP) falls to almost equally low levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control rats (NCR). This has earlier been suggested to indicate a dominance of neurogenic mechanisms in established SHR hypertension.–In the present study, total peripheral resistance (TPR) remains, however, some 35 per cent higher in adult SHR than in NCR after pithing while cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume, is 35 per cent lower in SHR. These opposite differences in TPR and CO after denervation, resulting in equal MAP levels in SHR and NCR, seem rather to be a consequence of the rapidly established structural adaptation that affects all SHR high‐pressure cardiovascular sections. Thus, the SHR precapillary resistance vessels display thick‐ ened walls and luminal narrowing, which keeps TPR higher than in NCR even during maximal vaso‐ dilatation. Due to hypertrophy, the SHR left ventricle exhibits a reduced myocardial stretch for a given filling pressure and stroke volume is consequently reduced more than in NCR after complete denervation.–Paradoxically, therefore, rather than reflecting any dominance of neurogenic mechanisms in established SHR hypertension the MAP equalization in SHR and NCR after cardiovascular denervation emphasizes the hemodynamic importance of cardiovascular structural changes present in hypertension.
Mechanisms of T-Helper Cell Activation and Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1999)

Current understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis has evolved to include important roles for background genetic susceptibility factors, gender-based mechanisms, and environmental triggers. Although each of these contributors has an important, yet poorly defined, role in determining who gets lupus, all of the factors that predispose to SLE play themselves out at the level of the immune system. The production of high-titer autoantibodies with clearly defined specificities, most of which react with DNA, RNA, or DNA- or RNA-binding proteins that play key roles in basic cellular processes, provides the effectors of tissue damage, as well as important clues to the primary triggers of the disease process. The activation of autoantigen-specific T-helper (Th) cells represents a more upstream point in the series of pathogenic events that result in the clinical spectrum of SLE. Activated Th cells are responsible for driving B cells toward autoantibody production through the actions of cell surface costimulatory molecules, especially CD40 ligand (CD40L), and soluble mediators, and may promote end-organ damage through effects on other target cells, such as endothelial cells. An additional immune system mechanism, accelerated apoptosis of SLE T cells, most likely reflects activation-induced cell death (AICD) and may contribute to the lymphopenia and susceptibility to infection that are important clinical features of SLE.
PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN MYCORRHIZAL AND NONMYCORRHIZAL SHORT ROOTS OF SCOTS PINE, PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. (1985)

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase was characterized in roots of Pinus sylvestris L. The K<sub>m</sub> for the pine root enzyme with phenylalanine as a substrate was l.2 ± 0.4 X 10<sup>-4</sup> M. The enzyme had a pH activity optimum of 9 and the subunit molecular weight was 70 to 72 kD as determined by Western blotting. Enzyme activity could be inhibited by D,L-2-aminooxy 3 phenylpropionic acid at 1 μ. Treatments with zymosan, pectinase, light or kinetin and naphthylacetic acid did not induce higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase or peroxidase activity in pine roots. No significant differences were observed in phenylalanine ammonia lyase or peroxidase activity in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal short roots in the P. sylvestris-L. laccata symbiosis 15 weeks after cultivation.
SPATIAL PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT (2005)

Spatial planning is a valuable tool to support sustainable development by basing the plans, measures and interventions on key sustainability principles. The development of a spatial plan runs through three main processes; baseline data analysis of the existing situation and problems and potentials; formulation of objectives and strategies; and integration across sectors and synthesis of all aspects into a coherent balanced spatial framework. The technical part of planning was based on development of a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) and database system and also included mathematical models to predict outcomes of certain measures. The planning maps of the relevant issues are constructed in order to plan for watershed management. As an example, the initial analysis determined that reforestation was a high priority issue for many reasons, both related to preservation and enhancement of nature and environment and people′s living conditions. GIS was applied to define potential zones for reforestation and mathematical models calculated the result in terms of runoff, sedimentation and water quality. The potential zones for reforestation were then used as a framework for integrated planning. This paper will demonstrate the planning maps used for integrated water shed management on the basis of spatial planning concept.
Analysis of threshold voltage instability in AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs by forward gate voltage stress pulses (2016)

We report on the investigation of the V th drift behaviour of AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs upon forward gate voltage stress in dependence of stress bias and stress time. The pulsed measurements allow for the evaluation of the operational regime for optimum device efficiency. We compared the effect of two different high‐ κ gate dielectric materials with similar equivalent oxide thickness ϵ 0 ϵ r / t high‐κ on the V th instability in order to separate the influence of the heterojunction design and the high‐ κ /GaN‐cap interface from the bulk high‐ κ . The matched gate capacitance coupling of the studied Al 2 O 3 and HfO 2 gate dielectric results in an nearly identical critical forward gate voltage, where the AlGaN barrier potential is lowered and severe threshold voltage shift (Δ V th ) into the positive voltage direction is induced. Beyond this critical forward voltage, detailed time‐dependent stress pulse measurements from 1 µs to 1000 s revealed an immediate electron injection and trapping at the oxide/GaN interface for stress pulses with t stress ≥ 1 µs. The presented results of V th drift analysis demonstrate the limits of the maximum tolerable forward gate voltage of the investigated Al 2 O 3 and HfO 2 MISHEMTs, although the excellent low‐leakage currents of the insulated gate would imply a potentially higher gate‐overdrive.
Opioid Kappa Receptor Selective Agonist TRK-820 (Nalfurafine Hydrochloride) (2012)

TRK-820 (nalfurafine hydrochloride) is a selective opioid receptor agonist (Fig. In general, clinically used opioids, such as morphine, exhibit potent antinociceptive effects and simultaneous severe adverse effects, including drug dependence, derived from the opioid receptor. To develop analgesics without drug dependence, receptor agonists are investigated. However, conventional agonists, arylacetamide derivatives, showed aversive effects like psychotomimetic effects, and have not yet been used clinically. On the other hand, the novel agonist TRK-820 has no dependent or aversive properties. TRK-820, which has a structure different from arylacetamides, was first developed as an analgesic for postoperative pain, but the indication was changed to pruritus (Nakao & Mochizuki, 2009; The rational drug design and synthesis of the compound have been reported Fig. 1. Structure of nalfurafine hydrochloride (TRK-820)
Comparing the Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus S Gene Variants By DNA Immunization (2001)

DNA immunization was used to compare the immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus S gene variants. Four recombinant plasmid DNAs containing the full-length virus genome with different S gene inserts were used to immunize BALB/c and C57/BL/6 mice. These inserts were cloned from 129L (residue 129, glutamine to leucine), 129H (residue 129, glutamine to histidine) 145R (residue 145, glycine to arginine) variants and the wild-type virus. The titer of hepatitis B virus core antibodies (anti-HBc) in immunized mice was used as the control for the efficiency of DNA immunization. Serum hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titer and cytokines induced in splenocytes stimulated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were monitored as specific immune responses induced by different plasmid DNAs. 129L DNA induced significantly lower anti-HBs antibodies (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and less interferon-gamma, compared to those in mice immunized with the 129H variant and the wild-type HBV DNA (p < 0.05). Computer modeling showed that a change from glutamine to leucine at 129 residue led to higher hydrophobicity and could result in decreased immunogenicity. Results indicate that DNA immunization can be used to compare the humoral and cellular immunogenicity among different HBV S variants.
Increased Levels of Plasma p3-Alcα35, a Major Fragment of Alcadeinα by γ-Secretase Cleavage, in Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

p3-Alcα is a metabolic fragment of Alcadeinα (Alcα). Similar to the generation of the p3 fragment from amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) processing, Alcα is cleaved by α- and γ-secretases, leading to the secretion of p3-Alcα peptides into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). p3-Alcα is also detected in the plasma, similar to amyloid-β (Aβ), which is a metabolic fragment of AβPP cleaved by amyloidogenic β- and γ-secretases. Because p3-Alcα is a non-aggregatable and stable peptide, unlike aggregatable Aβ and metabolically labile p3 of AβPP, the changes of p3-Alcα in quality and/or quantity in CSF and plasma are expected to be a marker for assessing alteration of substrate cleavage by γ-secretase, such as Aβ generation from AβPP. The present study describes a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantifying levels of p3-Alcα35, the major form of the p3-Alcα species, and examines levels of p3-Alcα35 in the plasma of three independent Japanese cohorts. In two of the three cohorts, the p3-Alcα35 levels were significantly increased with a concomitant decrease in the Mini-Mental State Examination score, or in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, when compared with age-matched non-demented subjects. The values were significantly lower in AD subjects who were administered donepezil, when compared to AD subjects without donepezil treatment. The increase in plasma p3-Alcα35 levels may indicate an endophenotype in subjects in whom AD is due to a progressing cognitive impairment in subjects with a γ-secretase malfunction, or a disorder of the clearance of peptides.
Effect of Delayed Maturity and Carcass Fat on Reproductive Performance of Broiler Breeder Pullets (1969)

MOST experiments involving restricted feeding of pullets show an increased productivity and egg size when sexual maturity is delayed sufficiently (Fuller and Dunahoo, 1962; Bletner, 1963; Strain et al., 1965). The increase is usually manifested by a shortening of time required to achieve peak production and maximum egg size and a sustained higher rate of production. Since restricted feeding results in both delayed maturity and a leaner carcass, it is logical to question which of these phenomena exerts the greatest influence on the productivity of pullets. There may also be a confounding seasonal effect. Bruins (1958) was able to increase the productive life of hens by various methods of restriction during the growing period even though there was little delay in sexual maturity. In his experiments extremely high temperatures were encountered shortly after housing the pullets and this was accompanied by increased mortality among the full-fed groups. He attributed this…
Cycleptz: The Learning-Based Control Method For Master-Slave Camera Systems (2020)

A master-slave setup consists of fixed and PTZ cameras monitoring a scenario to provide high-resolution images of target regions. Most of the works in literature focus on the unrealistic setting with a single person and single ground plane. Differently, in this work we proposed the CyclePTZ, a learning-based method that learns the mappings between master-slave and slave-master using a cycle-consistent neural network. While the master-slave mapping is used to control the PTZ cameras, the slave-master works as a supplementary supervisor for network training and to perform hard sample mining. More importantly, as both functions are learned simultaneously using the cycle loss, the CyclePTZ is able to learn a better mapping between fixed and PTZ cameras. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CyclePTZ is able to follow targets in multiple ground planes and to record corresponding points with multiple people in the scene. We compare the proposed method with the current literature in real-time experiments that demonstrate favorable performance of CyclePTZ (i.e., reducing the target center error in 10.92 percentage points).
Algoriphagus lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment (2009)

A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, S1-3(T), was isolated from a tidal flat sediment on the west coast of Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated. Strain S1-3(T) grew optimally at 30 degrees C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain S1-3(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and C(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and iso-C(15 : 0) as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 41.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain S1-3(T) fell within the clade comprising Algoriphagus species, clustering with Algoriphagus halophilus IMSNU 14013(T), with which it exhibited 99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain S1-3(T) and the type strains of other Algoriphagus species was 94.0-97.1 %. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness of strain S1-3(T) demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from the other Algoriphagus species as well as A. halophilus. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strain S1-3(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-3(T) (=KCTC 22630(T) =CCUG 57608(T)).
A logic prover for text processing (2003)

This paper demonstrates the applicability of automated reasoning to text processing, specifically to Question Answering. It is shown that the approach is feasible, effective, and scalable. A Logic Prover has been implemented and integrated into a state-of-the-art Question Answering System.
A 250 W high density point-of-load converter (1989)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.
<title>Uniform and simultaneous fabrication of high-precision and high-density orifice, channel, and reservoirs for ink-jet printheads</title> (1998)

We have fabricated a unified Orifice Plate Assembly (OPA) for high-resolution inkjet printheads, which has orifices, ink flow channels, and reservoirs three-dimensionally in a single body, using single-step 3D photolithography followed by single-step electroplating. These three components are the core in inkjet printheads because they determine almost all of ink fluidics, especially the size and trajectory of an ink drop. Therefore, for high-resolution beyond 600 dpi, a unified and high-precision orifice plate assembly is strongly needed. By newly devised 3D patterning technique, namely Multi- Exposure and Single Development (MESD), we form the 3D photoresist mold for the unified OPA. Once the 3D unified OPA mold is fabricated, nickel electroplating is performed on it until the roof of the channel molds is fully covered by the overplated Ni, and until all the plating fronts around orifices in the entire wafer converge to their salient orifice molds. This converging margin in the electroplating step, which is originated from the salient orifice mold, excellently enhanced the wafer-level uniformity of the orifice size and shape. We neatly demonstrated both the unified OPA of various orifice size and shape, and one corresponding to a 2400 dpi- inkjet printhead, using MESD method with a single-coated 41 micrometer-thick photoresist of Hoechst AZ9262.
Influence of nature of precursors of aluminum-nickel-molybdenum catalysts on their performance in hydrodesulfurization (2006)

The influence of the structure of active-phase precursors on the activity of hydrodesulfurization catalysts was studied using an Anderson molybdonickelic heteropoly compound as an example in comparison to conventional ammonium paramolybdate. The effect of stabilizers of mixed ammonium paramolybdate and nickel nitrate solutions on the final properties of catalysts was revealed. The catalysts were synthesized and tested in pulse microcatalytic and flow reactor units. The benefit of the ammonium salt of molybdonickelic heteropoly acid as an active-phase precursor and the effectiveness of stabilization of ammonium paramolybdate and nickel nitrate aqueous solution by tartaric acid—a procedure that considerably enhances the catalytic activity of the test samples—were shown.
Molecular Relatedness of Mammalian RNA Tumor Viruses as Determined by DNA ⋅ RNA Hybridization (1973)

Each of six mammalian C-type viruses-including two feline leukemia viruses, three murine leukemia viruses, and the human "candidate" virus RD-114-can be distinguished from each other by hybridizing DNA synthesized by viral reverse transcriptase with viral RNA. Characterization of the DNA . RNA hybrids by hydroxylapatite chromatography revealed nucleotide sequence diversity among the viruses, detectable both by the amount of cross-hybridization and by the decreased thermal stability of heterologous hybrids.
Degradation recoverable DFB lasers based on P597:PDMS/PTFEMA (2011)

We demonstrated a solid-state polymer DFB laser with self dye-circulatory function by PDMS waveguide. We achieved to recover the laser output intensity by dye diffusion in PDMS waveguide. To the best of knowledge, this is the novel solid-state polymer laser, which is possible to circulate laser dye.
Proteome‐Wide Fragment‐Based Ligand and Target Discovery (2023)

Chemical probes are invaluable tools to investigate biological processes and can serve as lead molecules for the development of new therapies. However, despite their utility, only a fraction of human proteins have selective chemical probes, and more generally, our knowledge of the "chemically-tractable" proteome is limited, leaving many potential therapeutic targets unexploited. To help address these challenges, powerful chemical proteomic approaches have recently been developed to globally survey the ability of proteins to bind small molecules (i. e., ligandability) directly in native systems. In this review, we discuss the utility of such approaches, with a focus on the integration of chemoproteomic methods with fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD), to facilitate the broad mapping of the ligandable proteome while also providing starting points for progression into lead chemical probes.
Reflections: Towards a Normative and Actionable Theory of Planned Organizational Change and Development (2021)

A normative and actionable theory of planned organizational change and development is proposed based on fifty years of engagement by the author as a scholar- consultant. Five principles are central features of the theory and practice proposed: (1) Organizations are systems and successful transformations require senior teams to lead a strategic organizational learning process to change the whole system; (2) Six publicly undiscussable and potentially inconvenient truths about organizational and leadership barriers to an effective and human centric organization must be made discussible and changed if the transformation is to be sustained; (3) A five-step process for an honest, collective and public conversation about the six silent barriers and senior team’s plans for change in them is essential for successful and sustained change; (4) Successful change in a large and complex system is a unit-by-unit process with each unit’s leadership team employing the normative five step process proposed; and (5) Successful change requires collaboration with consultants acting as both facilitators of and expert resources to the honest conversation. The relative success of the planned change process proposed is moderated by leaders’ motivation to lead change, openness to constructive conflict, and their possession of human centric values.
Chatbot Interaction with Artificial Intelligence: human data augmentation with T5 and language transformer ensemble for text classification (2021)

Abstract In this work we present the Chatbot Interaction with Artificial Intelligence (CI-AI) framework as an approach to the training of a transformer based chatbot-like architecture for task classification with a focus on natural human interaction with a machine as opposed to interfaces, code, or formal commands. The intelligent system augments human-sourced data via artificial paraphrasing in order to generate a large set of training data for further classical, attention, and language transformation-based learning approaches for Natural Language Processing (NLP). Human beings are asked to paraphrase commands and questions for task identification for further execution of algorithms as skills. The commands and questions are split into training and validation sets. A total of 483 responses were recorded. Secondly, the training set is paraphrased by the T5 model in order to augment it with further data. Seven state-of-the-art transformer-based text classification algorithms (BERT, DistilBERT, RoBERTa, DistilRoBERTa, XLM, XLM-RoBERTa, and XLNet) are benchmarked for both sets after fine-tuning on the training data for two epochs. We find that all models are improved when training data is augmented by the T5 model, with an average increase of classification accuracy by 4.01%. The best result was the RoBERTa model trained on T5 augmented data which achieved 98.96% classification accuracy. Finally, we found that an ensemble of the five best-performing transformer models via Logistic Regression of output label predictions led to an accuracy of 99.59% on the dataset of human responses. A highly-performing model allows the intelligent system to interpret human commands at the social-interaction level through a chatbot-like interface (e.g. “Robot, can we have a conversation?”) and allows for better accessibility to AI by non-technical users.