gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of network clusterizations (2005)

Many complex networks have an underlying modular structure, i.e., structural subunits (communities or clusters) characterized by highly interconnected nodes. The modularity $Q$ has been introduced as a measure to assess the quality of clusterizations. $Q$ has a global view, while in many real-world networks clusters are linked mainly \emph{locally} among each other (\emph{local cluster-connectivity}). Here, we introduce a new measure, localized modularity $LQ$, which reflects local cluster structure. Optimization of $Q$ and $LQ$ on the clusterization of two biological networks shows that the localized modularity identifies more cohesive clusters, yielding a complementary view of higher granularity.
S052026 Characteristics of Swirling Flow in a Vortex Cup (2012)

In semiconductor manufacturing, a new pneumatic non-contact handling device is developed. This device named Vortex Cup makes use of a negative pressure at a central area of swirling flow in order to hold the wafer and to prevent significant wafer damage and foreign material contamination. The Cup provides lower-cost, higher-performance than other pneumatic type devices, but has a problem that periodic pressure fluctuation is caused when the gap height between the work and the Cup becomes large. This problem causes the work falling or the work collision against the cup. In this report, we proposed simple method for suppression of the pressure fluctuation by using cylinders set into the cup. As a result, it was revealed that the cylinder diameter has great effect on the fluctuation suppression, but the height has little influence on it. PIV measurement clarified that the meandering motion of swirling flow in a cup was disappeared when the pressure fluctuation was suppressed.
Consistent modeling of the electrical and elastic properties of sedimentary rocks (1991)

Abstract An effective medium theory is formulated which reproduces many of the observed electrical and elastic characteristics of sedimentary rocks within a unified framework. The effective medium consists of fluid, solid, and cement components, with the component material properties related to those of the composite through a differential effective medium (DEM) scheme. The resulting microstructure of the composite both conducts electricity through the fluid phase and supports shear. Besides deriving Archie's law, the theory gives an excellent account of the shear-wave and compressional-wave velocity correlations, and predicts corrections to the Wyllie equation that are consistent with observed deviations. The three-component DEM also accommodates clay conductivity and finite-frequency dielectric behavior.
Puberty advice for year 6 and 7 boys and girls. (2003)

Two nurses who are clinical leaders in school health explain why education about puberty and adolescence is so much needed by 10 and 11-year-old pupils in Years 6 and 7. The transition from primary to secondary school coincides with the transition from childhood to puberty and adolescence. With such major physical, emotional and psychological development at this stage in their lives, boys and girls need support and information which the school nurse is well placed to provide. Based on extensive experience of giving talks and working with pupils of this age group, the authors provide some practical tips for school nurses and others giving sex and relationship education to Years 6 and 7.
Potassium Transport across the Distal Colon in Man (1976)

1. The mechanism of potassium transport across human distal colon was investigated in twenty-two individuals without evidence of bowel disease, by using a dialysis method in conjunction with measurements of the transepithelial potential difference (p.d.). 2. Whether potassium was absorbed or secreted depended on its initial concentration in the lumen. The potassium net flux was approximately zero when the luminal potassium concentration was between 30 and 50 mmol/l. 3. Potassium secretion rate was little affected by sodium absorption rate, or by the luminal sodium concentration or by the osmolality of the luminal solution. 4. Potassium secretion rate was increased by partial substitution of other cations for sodium, in the descending order Li greater than NH4 greater than Rb greater than Na. Potassium concentration increased on average to over 80 mmol/l when lithium was in the lumen. 5. The observed transepithelial p.d. was inadequate to account for the intraluminal potassium concentrations attained, the discrepancy being most marked when ammonium or lithium was in the lumen. It is suggested that some potassium is secreted by the epithelial cells and this component of the total potassium flux into the lumen is increased when rubidium, ammonium or lithium is substituted for sodium.
Fetoscopy (1987)

Harris-Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, England Br. Med. Bull. 42: 296, 1986
Effiziente Aufgaben-Allokation in Roboter-Teams (2018)

With the advent of Industry 4.0 era, employing a team of robots within a factory floor or a warehouse is pretty prevalent today as robots can perform a known task with higher accuracy and efficiency if its capability permits. Efficiency and throughput of such a setup depend on careful task assignment and scheduling, which further depend on utility calculation. Though there exists a number of techniques to perform efficient task allocation, they assume the utility values are available and static. They neither consider all the relevant parameters nor the dynamic changes that may occur during task execution. Moreover, methods of automating such dynamic utility calculation (both at the start and at runtime) based on knowledge and semantics are not present and this is a hindrance to building a fully automated robotic workforce. In this article, we explore an avenue of semantic-based dynamic utility calculation and showcase its application for a use-case.
Multirobot Routing Algorithms for Robots Operating in Vineyards (2020)

We consider the problem of multirobot routing in vineyards, a task motivated by our ongoing project aiming at creating a corobotic system to implement precision irrigation on large-scale commercial vineyards. The problem is related to a combinatorial optimization problem on graphs called “team orienteering.” Team orienteering is known to be NP-hard, thus motivating the development of heuristic solutions that can scale to large problem instances. We propose three different parameter-free approaches informed by the domain we consider and compare them against a general purpose heuristic developed previously. In numerous benchmarks derived from data gathered in a commercial vineyard, we demonstrate that our solutions outperform the general purpose heuristic and are scalable, thus allowing us to solve instances with tens of thousands of vertices in the graphs. Note to Practitioners-Routing problems with budget and motion constraints are pervasive to many applications. In particular, the structural constraints considered in this problem are found not only in agricultural environments but also in warehouse logistics and other domains where goods are arranged along regular linear structures. This article proposes and analyzes algorithms that can be applied when multiple agents must be coordinated in these environments. In particular, by utilizing domain-specific knowledge, the solutions proposed in this article outperform general purpose approaches that poorly scale with the size of the environment. The algorithms we present also ensure that no collisions occur between robots-an aspect normally neglected in algorithms previously proposed to solve the team orienteering problem.
Bipartite Formation Tracking for Multi-Agent Systems Using Fully Distributed Dynamic Edge-Event-Triggered Protocol (2022)

In this study, the bipartite time-varying output formation tracking problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) with multiple leaders and switching communication networks is considered. Note that the switching communication networks may be connected or disconnected. To address this problem, a novel reduced-dimensional observer-based fully distributed asynchronous dynamic edge-event-triggered output feedback control protocol is developed, and the Zeno behavior is ruled out. The theoretical analysis gives the admissible switching frequency and switching width under the proposed control protocol. Different from the existing works, the control protocol reduces the dimension of information to be transmitted between neighboring agents. Moreover, since an additional positive internal dynamic variable is introduced into the triggering functions, the control protocol can guarantee a larger inter-event time interval compared with previous results. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness and performance of the theoretical result.
The size of sonoporation pores on the cell membrane (2008)

Sonoporation generates transient pores on the cell membrane and has been exploited as a promising intracellular drug and gene delivery strategy. The size of the pores in the membrane resulting from sonoporation determines the size of molecules or agents that can be delivered using the technique. However, size information has not been readily available due to the challenges in measuring dynamic, submicron-sized pores. Post ultrasound assays such as AFM or SEM, often time consuming and labor intensive, have been used to gauge pore size but are intrinsically limited to static measurements that may not accurately represent the relevant size. We have previously demonstrated the utility of voltage clamp techniques for monitoring sonoporation in real time via the trans-membrane current (TMC) change of a single cell under voltage clamp. Using Xenopus oocytes as the model system in this study, the TMC change during sonoporation (0.2 s, 0.3 MPa, 1 MHz) of single cells in solution with Definity microbubbles was recorded in a whole cell voltage clamp configuration. As the changes of the TMC are related to the diffusion of ions through the pores on the membrane, they can potentially provide relevant information of the pore size generated in sonoporation. By controlling the microbubble concentration, experiments were designed to allow measurement of the TMC corresponding to a single pore on the membrane. An electro-diffusion model was developed to relate the TMC with pore size from the ion flow through the pores on the membrane.
Abstract 18307: T-tubules and Dyad Formation in Engrafted iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes With Stable APEX2 Expression (2016)

Background: Although studies have shown the potential of in vivo cardiac transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to treat cardiac diseases in animal...
Modeling an integrated photoelectrolysis system sustained by water vapor (2013)

Two designs for an integrated photoelectrolysis system sustained by water vapor have been investigated using a multi-physics numerical model that accounts for charge and species conservation, electron and ion transport, and electrochemical processes. Both designs leverage the use of a proton-exchange membrane that provides conductive pathways for reactant/product transport and prevents product crossover. The resistive losses, product gas transport, and gas crossovers as a function of the geometric parameters of the two designs have been evaluated systematically. In these designs, minimization of pathways in the membrane that can support the diffusive transport of product gases from the catalyst to the gas-collecting chamber was required to prevent supersaturation of hydrogen or oxygen gases at the Nafion/catalyst interface. Due to the small, thin membrane layer that was required, a small electrode width (<300 μm) was also required to produce low resistive losses in the system. Alternatively, incorporation of a structured membrane that balances the gas transport and ionic transport allows the maximum electrode width to be increased to dimensions as large as a few millimeters. Diffusive gas transport between the cathode and anode was the dominant source for crossover of the product gases under such circumstances. The critical dimension of the electrode required to produce acceptably low rates of product crossover was also investigated through the numerical modeling and device simulations.
Analysis of a Permselective Membrane-Free Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (2013)

A physical model is developed to study the coupled mass and charge transport in a permselective membrane-free alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell. This type of fuel cell is not only free of expensive ion exchange membranes and platinum based catalysts, but also features a facile oxygen reduction reaction due to the presence of alkaline electrolyte. The proposed model is first validated by comparing its predictions to the experimental results from literature and then used to predict the overall performance of the cell and reveal the details of ion transport, distribution of electrolyte potential and current density. It is found that: (1) KOH concentration lower than 1 M notably impairs cell performance due to low electrolyte conductivity; (2) the concentration gradient and electrical field are equally important in driving ion transport in the electrolyte; (3) the current density distributions in the anode and cathode catalyst layers keep nonuniform due to different reasons. In the anode, it is caused by the ethanol concentration gradient, while in the cathode it is because of the electrolyte potential gradient; and (4) at low cell voltage, current density distribution in the catalyst layer shows stronger nonlinearity in the anode than in the cathode.
HLA-G expression in gastric cancer. (2006)

Our results suggest a high frequency of HLA-G expression in early gastric cancer. However, this may not be directly related to aggressive tumor behavior via escape from the host antitumor immune defense. Further investigation is required.
UTILIZATION AND RESEARCH ON COAL ASH GROUND (2009)

Considering regeneration and utilization of resources,coal ash is extensively used as foundation backfill material in projects.This paper systematically researches engineering property of coal ash according to conditions of coal ash deposit ground of Zhengzhou Power Plant,and tests of side skin friction in coal ash lay-er and single pile horizontal static load are carried out on test piles,providing reliable basis for engineering structural design.
High-throughput cancer hypothesis testing with an integrated PhysiCell-EMEWS workflow (2017)

Abstract Background Cancer is a complex, multiscale dynamical system, with interactions between tumor cells and non-cancerous host systems. Therapies act on this combined cancer-host system, sometimes with unexpected results. Systematic investigation of mechanistic computational models can augment traditional laboratory and clinical studies, helping identify the factors driving a treatment’s success or failure. However, given the uncertainties regarding the underlying biology, these multiscale computational models can take many potential forms, in addition to encompassing high-dimensional parameter spaces. Therefore, the exploration of these models is computationally challenging. We propose that integrating two existing technologies—one to aid the construction of multiscale agent-based models, the other developed to enhance model exploration and optimization—can provide a computational means for high-throughput hypothesis testing, and eventually, optimization. Results In this paper, we introduce a high throughput computing (HTC) framework that integrates a mechanistic 3-D multicellular simulator (PhysiCell) with an extreme-scale model exploration platform (EMEWS) to investigate high-dimensional parameter spaces. We show early results in applying PhysiCell-EMEWS to 3-D cancer immunotherapy and show insights on therapeutic failure. We describe a generalized PhysiCell-EMEWS workflow for high-throughput cancer hypothesis testing, where hundreds or thousands of mechanistic simulations are compared against data-driven error metrics to perform hypothesis optimization. Conclusions While key notational and computational challenges remain, mechanistic agent-based models and high-throughput model exploration environments can be combined to systematically and rapidly explore key problems in cancer. These high-throughput computational experiments can improve our understanding of the underlying biology, drive future experiments, and ultimately inform clinical practice.
Performance and Safety Testing of Cylindrical Moli Lithium-Ion Cells (2002)

The Moli lithium-ion cells were tested under normal and abuse conditions. The cells exhibit only 50% of their original capacity at about -10 C. The optimum charge/discharge rate with the least percentage loss in capacity is C/2 charge and C/4 discharge. The cells did not explode or go into a thermal runaway during venting at very high temperatures. They exhibited good tolerance under the vibration conditions tested and could potentially be used in the build up of large batteries that have high current pulse (up to 3C) applications.
High frequency rectenna (2023)

The invention provides an inexpensive array of rectifying antennas which employ field emission diodes for rectifying electromagnetic waves of microwave frequencies and higher frequencies.
Direct Generation of Cylindrical Vector Beam from Nd:YAG Laser Cavity (2006)

We developed a new Brewster optical element that can select only radial polarization. By simply inserting this element into a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser cavity, a radially polarized laser beam was directly generated.
Stiffness Monitoring during Vibratory Compaction of Foundation Soil for Venice Lagoon Restoration Project (2012)

This paper describes a novel approach developed to monitor soil stiffness in real time during seabed floor vibratory compaction for the Venice lagoon restoration project. The instrumented plate - soil system was modeled to estimate system natural frequencies and explore the sensitivity of the plate vibration to soil stiffness changes during compaction. The modeling effort included the characterization of plate - soil dislocation (loss of contact) during vibration and its influence on performance and measurement. Comprehensive data from the instrumented plate was collected during pilot field testing. This paper presents the results of plate - soil modeling and of field testing - particularly the evolution of soil stiffness determined by on board instrumentation during compaction of gravel beds. The analysis demonstrated the instrumentation system's ability to capture soil stiffness development in real time.
Multicontinental Epidemic of H5N1 HPAI Virus (1996–2007) (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Genetic Studies and Nomenclature of the H5N1 History of the H5N1 Panzootic Sources of Infection and Reasons for Spread Pathology of H5N1 HPAI Diagnostic Aspects Disease Control The Future Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Primary hepatic low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. (1998)

We describe a case of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) arising in the liver of a patient with early-stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The patient, a 62-year old woman, presented with abnormal liver function tests, a positive antimitochondrial antibody titer (1:160), and a liver mass. The resected mass, 6.0 x 5.0 x 4.0 cm, had the features of MALT-type lymphoma. The neoplastic cells were small lymphoid cells of B-cell lineage that surrounded reactive lymphoid follicles and infiltrated bile ductules to form lymphoepithelial lesions. The uninvolved liver had histologic evidence of early stage PBC, characterized by segmental duct destruction with granulomata and an inflammatory infiltrate in the portal triads composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasional eosinophils. A periportal lymph node showed histologic features of the hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease, without evidence of malignant lymphoma. Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of the MALT type rarely arise in the liver and, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously in association with PBC. The association in this case suggests that chronic antigenic stimulation as a result of PBC induced the accumulation of acquired MALT, which subsequently transformed to low-grade B-cell lymphoma.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Aminoalkylboronic Acids from Amphoteric α‐Boryl Aldehydes (2021)

Our ongoing search for underdeveloped functional group combinations has brought to light α-fluorinated aminoalkylboronic acids, a new class of molecules featuring the B-CF linkage. These compounds can now be generated from secondary amines and α-boryl aldehydes through electrophilic fluorination of boryl enamines or enamides. Fluorinated β-aminoalkylboronic acids show no signs of degradation under ambient conditions. We present evidence for the involvement of chair-like motifs, favored over the acyclic forms by up to 1.7±0.1 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup> in water and held together by an amine-boronate hydrogen bond. Fluorinated β-aminoalkylboronic acids are stable over a wide pH range and are characterized by a pK<sub>a</sub> of 3.4, which is the lowest of any alkylboronic acid.
Robust Waterfilling for Approximately Gaussian Inputs (2019)

This paper investigates the power allocation problem for parallel Gaussian channels from an information-theoretic perspective with the aim of maximizing the sum of mutual informations (i.e., an achievable data rate). If all the inputs are Gaussian, it is well-known that the waterfilling policy provides an optimal solution. For arbitrary input distributions, a generalization of waterfilling, so-called mercury/waterfilling, provides an optimal power allocation in terms of the minimum mean square errors (MMSEs). However, the difficulty of obtaining closed-form analytical expression of the MMSE often makes the computation of mercury/waterfilling solution challenging. This paper proposes a robust waterfilling power allocation (RPA) policy for parallel Gaussian channels when the input distributions are close to Gaussian distributions in the Kullback-Leibler divergence (relative entropy). First, it is shown that the proposed policy results in water levels that are close to the optimum in a well-defined sense. Second, tight bounds for the loss in achievable rate are given. This bounded loss property makes the proposed power allocation policy robust and approximately optimal. Both aspects are illustrated by means of different simulation setups. Finally, the RPA is argued to be scalable with the number of users on the account of the fact that it inherently uses the classical low complexity waterfilling.
Charakterisierung von T Zellerschöpfung auf Einzelzellebene ermöglicht die Identifikation einer funktionellen Rolle von CD39-exprimierenden Zellpopulationen, die mit klinischen Outcomes bei Morbus Crohn assoziiert sind (2021)

Einleitung T Zellerschöpfungssignaturen sind in der Vergangenheit mit dem Krankheitsverlauf bei Morbus Crohn (MC) assoziiert worden, aber eine genauere Untersuchung der erschöpften T Zellen auf Einzelzellebene fehlt bisher.