gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting the compressive strength of concrete using neural network and kernel ridge regression (2016)

Kernel methods and neural networks (NN) are two of the most powerful tools of machine learning to solve the engineering and science problems. In this paper, we propose kernel ridge regression (KRR) and NN to estimate the compressive strength (CS) of concrete with recycled aggregate based on the values of cement, natural aggregate, recycled aggregate, sand, and water. We collected a dataset of 182 samples and carried out the data analysis for each material used in making concrete. The dataset is used for training, validation, and testing of concrete's CS using KRR and NN. We use both linear and nonlinear kernels in ridge regression, and up to four layers NN with three hidden layers and one output layer for CS prediction. KRR and NN are designed in MATLAB, and we use different NN types and training functions with objective evaluation criterion to obtain the optimum models for CS prediction. We choose gradient descent with momentum weight bias learning and mean square error (MSE) performance functions for model training. Simulation results show that both KRR and NN predict the CS of concrete accurately and efficiently with admissible MSE and correlation coefficient close to one. KRR with nonlinear 4th order polynomial kernel outperforms the NN for CS prediction.
Tropospheric Scatter Communication (2003)

Abstract History, theoretical concepts, and technical features are included in a summary of radio communications by means of the scattering mechanism in the troposphere. Common radio system configurations and methods of predicting radio transmission parameters are discussed. Analog system performance and a method of analysis is included. The implicit diversity effect and reduction of intersymbol interference in digital system implementations are also presented.
Central effects of guanfacine and clonidine during wakefulness and sleep in healthy subjects. (1980)

1. Three double-blind studies in young normotensive male volunteers were carried out: a study in ten awake subjects, comparing guanfacine 2.0 and 4.0 mg with clonidie 0.15 and 0.30 mg and placebo; and two polygraphic sleep studies each with six subjects, comparing guanfacine 1.0 and 2.0 mg with placebo, and clonidine 0.15 and 0.30 mg with placebo, respectively. 2. In awake subjects, both drugs reduced systolic blood pressure without significantly altering diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and objective performance parameters. 'Side-effects' such as tiredness, decreased inclination to work, and dryness of the mouth were somewhat more frequent after the higher clonidine dose than after both doses of guanfacine, and peaked 2 h after clonidine but only 4-6 h after guanfacine. 3. Clonidine 0.15 and 0.30 mg given in the evening was followed by a substantial and dose-dependent reduction in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Guanfacine 1.0 mg did not alter REM sleep and 2.0 mg of guanfacine had less effect than both doses of clonidine in this respect. Clonidine's effect on REM sleep began after about 2 h, whereas guanfacine's action on REM sleep began 5 h after the dose. 4. Guanfacine and clonidine possess a qualitatively similar pattern of activity with regard to the parameters studied; but the central effects are less pronounced and occur later after guanfacine than after clonidine in equiactive doses.
Effect of cleaving interchain disulfide bridges on the radius of gyration and maximum length of anti-poly(D-alanyl) antibodies before and after reaction with tetraalanine hapten. (1980)

The small-angle x-ray scattering of solutions of rabbits IgG antibodies and their derivatives has been investigated. The reduction and alkylation of the native antibody cause a small increase of the molecular parameters, indicating a limited expansion of the molecule. Binding of native antipoly(D-alanyl) antibodies with hapten (80% saturation) causes a significant change of the quaternary structure, expressed by a decrease in the maximum diameter of about 2 nm, of the radius of gyration by 5.5%, and of the volume. The same antibodies, in which the single inter-heavy-chain disulfide bridge was opened by reduction and carboxamidomethylation, do not show any significant decrease in the overall molecular parameters upon reaction with hapten, except for a local structural change in a part of the molecule. These data lend further support to the notion that binding of hapten induces a conformational transition in its specific antibodies and suggest that the opening of the interchain disulfide bridges affects that transition. The dimensions of the intact antibodies calculated from measurements of small-angle x-ray scattering at low concentrations agree closely with those obtained from crystallographic studies.
Formation of High-Density Electron Beams (1957)

The physical principles underlying the design and performance of electron guns suitable for the generation of high-density electron beams (beam current density of the order of 200 amp/cm2) are discussed. Initiation of the flow of a cylindrical electron beam focused by a uniform magnetic field is described, with emphasis on the design of the electron gun. The principles underlying the Pierce design procedure for space-charge limited electron guns is treated, including the limitations and the modifications necessary when used for very high-density beams. Means are suggested for partial compensation of the electric field distortion due to the anode aperture of the gun. The effects on the beam and resulting limitations in gun design due to thermal velocities of emission are described. The experimental techniques for study of gun and beam performance are described, together with some results of these studies. These techniques include detailed measurement of beam characteristics, such as current density and transverse velocity distributions, both with and without a magnetic field. These measurements illustrate a number of deviations of actual electron flow from that usually considered in the simple theories.
An adaptive FEC algorithm using hidden Markov chains (2003)

article Share on An adaptive FEC algorithm using hidden Markov chains Authors: Flávio P. Duarte Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/PESC Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/PESCView Profile , Edmundo de Souza e Silva Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/PESC Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/PESCView Profile , Don Towsley University of Massachusetts, Amherst University of Massachusetts, AmherstView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation ReviewVolume 31Issue 2September 2003 pp 11–13https://doi.org/10.1145/959143.959150Published:01 September 2003Publication History 2citation519DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads519Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Direct Synthesis of Well-Defined Poly[{2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl}trimethylammonium chloride] Brush via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Fluoroalcohol (2010)

A well-defined cationic polymer and polymer brush were simultaneously prepared by copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-(methacryloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MTAC) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) at 60 °C initiated with ethyl 2-bromoisobutylate and the corresponding alkylbromide immobilized on silicon wafer. ATRP of MTAC in TFE as well as aqueous solution proceeded quickly but in a poorly controlled manner, leading to a relatively higher molecular weight distribution (MWD) than Mw/Mn = 1.3, where Mw and Mn are weight-average and number-average molecular weights, respectively. Addition of a small amount of isopropyl alcohol to the TFE-based reaction mixture reduced the polymerization rate and produced a poly(MTAC) with predictable molecular weight and narrower MWD than 1.19. The Mn of poly(MTAC) was controllable in the range 104−105 g mol−1 based on the molar ratio of monomer and initiator in the feed. The Mn of the brush on a flat silicon wafer matched that of the free poly(MTAC). The graft density of poly(MTAC) was 0.20 chains nm−2. The ATRP of MTAC in TFE/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl) also proceeded in a controlled manner at 60 °C, yielding polymers with narrow MWDs (Mw/Mn = 1.12−1.13). Analysis of the 13C NMR spectra of the carbonyl region of the resulting poly(MTAC)s revealed that syndiotactic-rich configurations were produced by ATRP of MTAC in aqueous solution, TFE/isopropyl alcohol, and TFE/EMImCl. The solvent effect of TFE and ionic liquid on the tacticity of polymer was negligible.
A computational model of visual perception of surfaces (2004)

Models of processes underlying human perception of geometric forms are helpful in addressing the nature of computations performed by the brain in understanding images from environment. Perceptual geometry is an emerging field of interdisciplinary research whose objectives focus on study of geometry from the perspective of visual perception, and in turn, apply such geometric findings to the ecological study of vision. Perceptual geometry attempts to answer fundamental questions in perception of form and representation of space through synthesis of cognitive and biological theories of visual perception with geometric theories of the physical world. The following model appeals to perceptual geometry as a framework that takes advantage of "almost regularity" of 2-dimensional images of surfaces, in order to estimate of their shape, orientation and other geometric features.
Ageing of chloroplasts in vitro I. Quantitative analysis of the degradation of pigments, proteins and nucleic acids (1979)

Patterns of the degradation of various photosynthetic pigments, proteins and nucleic acids have been studied during the ageing of isolated chloroplasts in the light and dark. Ageing causes degradation of chlorophylls and carotenoids, but the rate of degradation of both pigments was faster during light than during dark ageing. Carotenoids are degraded much faster than chlorophylls both in the light and dark. The relatively greater degradation of carotenoids than chlorophylls in the dark suggests the involvement of some mechanism other than the photodestruction of carotenoids during ageing. The rate of decline for the DNA content is appreciably slower than that of RNA and chloroplast-protein, but the degradation of latter two macromolecules is less than that of the chlorophylls and carotenoids.
Effect of AlN spacer in the layer structure on high Rf performance GaN-Based HEMTs on low resistivity silicon at K-Band application (2015)

AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) grown on Si substrate are emerging as an attractive devices for many RF applications. This is due to lower circuits realization cost and multifunction chips integration. In this study we investigate the effect of AlN spacer between AlGaN and GaN of a sub-micron gate (0.3 μm) AlGaN/GaN and AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs on a Low Resistivity LR Si substrates on RF performance. We have observed an enhancement in RF performance fT and fMAX in the HEMT with of AlN spacer; (fT) was increased from 47 GHz to 55 GHz and (fMAX) was increased from 79 GHz to 121 GHz. This enhancement in performance is mainly due to the increase in the mobility in the channel and confinement of the carriers reducing Cgs, and delay τ under the gate. We believe this is the first RF study of this type as previous studies were based on the effects of the DC characteristic of the devices
Porosity of core–shell nanoparticles (2004)

The porosity of titania and zirconia covered Ag and Au nanoparticles has been investigated using the metal core reactivity as a probe. The presence of pores was confirmed by a newly discovered reaction between halocarbons and core–shell nanoparticles, in which the core gets converted into ions, which are leached out through the shell. Halocarbons having different alkyl chain lengths react with metal cores at different rates due to the differences in the accessibility of the core. It is also observed that the electrochemical accessibility of the core can be reduced by blocking the pores by adsorbates such as cis-dithiocyanato-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) dye (popularly called N3 dye). With the adsorbed dye molecules on the oxide shell, metal cores are stable for extended periods of time even after the addition of halocarbons. The porosity of the Au@SiO2 system, in which a silica shell is formed over the metal clusters through monolayers, has also been studied. Our studies show that the porosity of different kinds of shells is largely similar, allowing molecular and ion penetration.
ChemInform Abstract: SUGAR ENOLONES. 10. NEW, HIGHLY STEREOSELECTIVE REARRANGEMENTS OF CHIRAL DIHYDROPYRANONES (1980)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Dihydropyrane (Ia) (aus (II) über (III)), (Ib) (aus (IV) (bekannt)), (Ic) bzw. (Id) (aus (V) über (VII)) und (Ie) (aus (VII über (IX)) wird beschrieben.
Plaque-forming cells in human cord blood: studies on T and B cell function. (1980)

Fewer plaque-forming cells (PFC) were found in the cord blood than in adult blood. B cells of newborns seem to be functionally mature. T cells of newborns provide enough help but exert increased suppressor activity.
Synthesis of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) rich in syndiotacticity by Rh-catalysed stereoselective cross-dehydrocoupling polymerization of optically active 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenyldisiloxane derivatives (2001)

Cross-dehydrocoupling reactions of (R)-methyl(1-naphthyl)phenylsilane (>99%ee) with (S)-methyl(1-naphthyl)phenylsilanol (>99% ee) proceeded with 82–99% retention of configuration of chiral silicon centres in the presence of various Rh-catalysts. Cross-dehydrocoupling polymerization of 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-disiloxanediol with 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-disiloxane gave poly(methylphenylsiloxane) of moderate molecular weight in toluene at 60 °C in the presence of [RhCl(cod)]2 (5.0 mol%) and triethylamine (1.0 equivalent). Assignment of the triad signals of the resulting polymer was made by 1H NMR spectroscopy of the methyl proton (I = 0.04, H = 0.09 and S = 0.14 ppm) and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the ipso carbon of the phenyl group (S = 136.7, H = 136.9, and I = 137.1 ppm). Although the reaction of optically pure (S,S)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-disiloxanediol with 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-disiloxane [(S,S):(S,R):(R,R)] = 84:16:0] gave a poly(methylphenylsiloxane) of rather low molecular weight, its triad tacticity was found to be rich in syndiotacticity (S:H:I = 60:32:8) by 13C NMR spectroscopy. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined measurement of LIF and ILIDS for vapor concentration and droplet size and velocity in a spray (2002)

This present experiment developed a method for simultaneously measuring vapor concentration, droplet size and velocity in a spray by simultaneous application of LIF and ILIDS. To combine these two measurement techniques, we employed a Nd : YAG laser with a special optical arrangement in order to emit the laser beam at two wavelengths : one at 266nm to excite the fluorescence marker of acetone for LIF and a second at 532nm to illuminate the droplets for ILIDS. As the wavelengths of fluorescence differ from the scattered light at 532nm, the use of optical filters enables one to distinguish fluorescence from scattered ligh. The experimental results showed the diffusion of a vapor concentration and the difference of droplet motions classified by the droplet diameter.
A wide-band RF front-end with linear active notch filter for mobile TV applications (2010)

This paper presents a wide-band RF front-end with linear active notch filter covering both T-DMB and DVB-H. A single to differential converter with the low amplitude/phase error and 6dB step RF VGA using the capacitor are implemented. Also, highly linear and Q-enhanced tunable active inductor is proposed. The linear active notch filter rejects GSM band up to 23dB and achieves 20dB linearity improvement. The RF front-end is fabricated on 90nm CMOS technology and consumes 29.7mW.
PGMAP: A Privacy Guaranteed Mutual Authentication Protocol Conforming to EPC Class 1 Gen 2 Standards (2008)

To resolve the security vulnerabilities and comply with EPC class 1 Gen 2 UHF RFID (EPC C1G2) Standard at the same time, we present a privacy guaranteed mutual authentication protocol (PGMAP). By utilizing the existing functions and memory bank of tag, we amend the processing sequence based on current EPC architecture. An auto-updating index number IDS is enrolled to provide privacy protection to EPC code and a set of light weight algorithms utilizing tagpsilas PRNG are added for authentication. Several attacks to the existing security solutions can be effectively resolved in our protocol.
Performance Evaluation of Various Storage Formats for Clinical Data Repositories (2011)

Fast access to clinical data is necessary when performing real-time predictions of medical events. A clinical data repository (CDR) therefore requires an efficient format for storing data so it can meet the access demands of prediction algorithms for clinical decision support. We have developed a new hybrid entity-attribute-value (EAV) storage format for CDRs that is compared with the common simple and multidata-type EAV formats. Their performance is evaluated with regard to querying millions of data points from clinical sources to assess the amount of storage space the data use, the speed with which the data can be obtained, and the complexity of the queries required to retrieve the data. Performance results showed that our hybrid EAV approach provides a nice balance of the simple and multidata-type formats that scales well as the amount of data in the CDR increases. The hybrid format is faster, uses less complex queries, and allows the data to remain in its original data type while using the same amount of storage space as the simple and multidata-type formats.
A Method to Generate Freeform Curves from a Hand-drawn Sketch (2007)

When designers begin a product design, they create their ideas and expand them. This process is performed on paper, and designers' hand-drawn lines are called sketches. If the designers' hand-drawn sketches can be realized as real curves, it would be effective in shortening the design period. We have developed a method to extract five degree Bezier curves based on a hand-drawn sketch. The basic techniques to detect curves based on a hand-drawn sketch are described. First, light intensity transformation, binarization of the hand-drawn sketch, and feature based erosion and dilation to smooth the edges of the binary sketch image are described. Then, line segment determination using the detected edges is described. Using the determined line segments a five degree Bezier curve generation is described. A curve shape modification algorithm is described to reconstruct a five degree Bezier curve. Examples of five degree fair curvature Bezier curves based on a sketch are given.
Performance Evaluation of the Write Operation In Flash-Based Solid-State Drives (2009)

We develop an analytical model to describe an important aspect of the operation of a flash-based solid-state drive (SSD), namely, the overhead caused by its outof-place write and block-erase operation. Depending on the system parameters, in particular the total memory space, the fraction of the memory available for storing user data, and the number of pages per block, the additional write operations performed by the garbage-collection process may significantly reduce the lifetime of a device. We develop a Markov chain model of the SSD operation and use it to explore the performance characteristics of different system designs.
Navigiert implantierte Knietotalendoprothesen - Eine Vergleichsstudie zum konventionellen Instrumentarium (2001)

The used navigation system allows a significant improvement of the quality of implantation of a knee total prosthesis in comparison to a classical, surgeon-controlled instrumentation. Long-term outcome could be consequently improved.
Metabolic modelling of the human gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes patients in response to metformin treatment (2022)

Abstract The human gut microbiome has been associated with several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. Understanding metabolic changes in the gut microbiome is important to elucidate the role of gut bacteria in regulating host metabolism. Here, we used available metagenomics data from a metformin study, together with genome-scale metabolic modelling of the key bacteria in individual and community-level to investigate the mechanistic role of the gut microbiome in response to metformin. Individual modelling predicted that species that are increased after metformin treatment have higher growth rates in comparison to species that are decreased after metformin treatment. Gut microbial enrichment analysis showed prior to metformin treatment pathways related to the hypoglycemic effect were enriched. Our observations highlight how the key bacterial species after metformin treatment have commensal and competing behavior, and how their cellular metabolism changes due to different nutritional environment. Integrating different diets showed there were specific microbial alterations between different diets. These results show the importance of the nutritional environment and how the dietary guidelines may improve drug efficiency through the gut microbiota.
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds/Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LIGHT Laboratories, Clarendon Way (2020)

The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Bright spots, physical activity investments that work: Vitality Active Rewards—a smartphone app that incentivises programme members to be physically active (2018)

PROGRAMME CARD.&#13;\nCOUNTRY/LOCALITY/COVERAGE : A smartphone app-based programme that has been activated by more than 415 000 people in South Africa.&#13;\n&#13;\nTARGET POPULATION : Adult members of Vitality, a health promotion and disease prevention programme linked to medical and life insurance plans.&#13;\n&#13;\nWHAT MODES/TYPES/DOMAINS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DOES THE PROGRAMME PROMOTE? The Vitality Active Rewards (VAR) programme promotes, facilitates and incentivises all modes of physical activity, including walking, gym-based activities such as yoga, aerobics, aqua-aerobics; social walking and running programmes; and endurance events such as marathons, cycle races and triathlons.&#13;\n&#13;\nWHICH OF THE SEVEN BEST INVESTMENTS THE PROGRAMME ADDRESSES?&#13;\nThe VAR programme encourages active transport (investment 3), community-wide programmes involving multiple settings and sectors and that mobilise and integrate community engagement and resources (investment 6) and sports systems and programmes that promote ‘sport for all’ and encourage participation across the life span (investment 7).&#13;\n&#13;\nWHAT SECTORS DOES IT INVOLVE? The programme is offered to members who subscribe to a private life insurance or health insurance policy offered by Discovery.&#13;\n Estimated programme reach. the VAR app has been downloaded by approximately 415 000 adult members of Vitality in South Africa who have an Apple or Android smartphone. Vitality (and VAR) is also offered by various insurers in numerous countries across the world.&#13;\n&#13;\nWHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT THIS PROGRAMME? Drawing on insights from behavioural economics, sports science and social marketing, the programme integrates the latest advances in digital and wearable technology with a range of distinctive options to encourage physical activity. Using rewards from a range of partner companies as incentives, the programme has potential for successful physical activity behaviour change.