gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot-Scale Silicone Process for Low-Cost Carbon Dioxide Capture Preliminary Techno-Economic Analysis (2014)

This report presents system and economic analysis for a carbon-capture unit which uses an aminosilicone-based solvent for CO{sub 2} capture in a pulverized coal (PC) boiler. The aminosilicone solvent is a 60/40 wt/wt mixture of 3-aminopropyl end-capped polydimethylsiloxane (GAP-1m) with tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) as a co-solvent. For comparison purposes, the report also shows results for a carbon-capture unit based on a conventional approach using mono-ethanol amine (MEA). The first year removal cost of CO{sub 2} for the aminosilicone-based carbon-capture process is $46.04/ton of CO2 as compared to $60.25/ton of CO{sub 2} when MEA is used. The aminosilicone-based process has <77% of the CAPEX of a system using MEA solvent. The lower CAPEX is due to several factors, including the higher working capacity of the aminosilicone solvent compared the MEA, which reduces the solvent flow rate required, reducing equipment sizes. If it is determined that carbon steel can be used in the rich-lean heat exchanger in the carbon capture unit, the first year removal cost of CO{sub 2} decreases to $44.12/ton. The aminosilicone-based solvent has a higher thermal stability than MEA, allowing desorption to be conducted at higher temperatures and pressures, decreasing the number of compressor stages needed. The aminosilicone-based solvent also has a lower vapor pressure, allowing the desorption to be conducted in a continuous-stirred tank reactor versus a more expensive packed column. The aminosilicone-based solvent has a lower heat capacity, which decreases the heat load on the desorber. In summary, the amino-silicone solvent has significant advantages over conventional systems using MEA.
Accurate asymptotic analysis for John's test in multichannel signal detection (2016)

John's test, which is also known as the locally most invariant test for sphericity of Gaussian variables, is one of the most frequently used methods in multichannel signal detection. The application of John's test requires closed-form and accurate formula to set threshold according to a prescribed false alarm rate. Asymptotic expansion is a powerful method in deriving the threshold expressions of detectors for large samples. However, the existing asymptotic analysis of John's test in the real-valued Gaussian case is not accurate, causing the obtained false alarm rate to deviate from the preset value. This work first corrects a miscalculation in the existing results. Then this accurate approach is extended to the complex-valued case. In this scenario our result is as accurate as the state-of-the-art scheme but enjoys higher computational efficiency.
Nonlinear Mechano-Optical Behavior and Strain-Induced Structural Changes of l-Valine-Based Poly(ester urea)s (2018)

The uniaxial mechano-optical behavior of a series of amorphous l-valine-based poly(ester urea) (VAL-PEU) with varying diol lengths was studied to elucidate the molecular mechanism associated with their thermal shape memory properties. A custom, real-time measurement system was used to capture the true stress, true strain, and birefringence during the temporary shape programming at stretching temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg). The mechano-optical response of VAL-PEUs exhibits an initial photoelastic behavior related to enhanced segmental correlation at low temperatures above the Tg. A characteristic temperature, defined as the liquid–liquid (Tll) transition (rubbery–viscous transition), was found at about 1.05 Tg (K) (at Tg + 15 °C) at strain rate of 0.017 s–1, above which the segmental contacts largely “melt” and the initial slope of the stress-optical curves becomes temperature independent. This temperature corresponds to the temperature where mean relaxation time for the polymer is maximized. Real-time infrared spectroscopy (IR) and in situ wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed a strain-induced intersegmental structural change during stretching. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the urea–urea and/or urea–carbonyl groups was found to adopt different bonding modes at the onset of strain hardening with a concurrent increased separation distance between adjacent segments. The hydrogen bonding strengthened supramolecular packing. The compromised shape recovery is a result of the disruption of the rigid segmental correlation, induced either by large extension at T < Tll or by progressive thermal effects at T > Tll, both of which may be minimized at Tll.
Additivity and repair of actinic retinal lesions. (1981)

Extensive exposures to light of intensities insufficient to produce thermal damage can still result in retinal damage via nonthermal mechanisms. In this work, the additivity and the repair rate for this actinic damage were measured. Rhesus monkey retinas were exposed to 458 nm light from an argon-ion laser at a dose equivalent to half the threshold retinal irradiance. After prescribed time intervals, the retinal sites were re-exposed to determine the split-dose threshold. This threshold is related to the single-dose threshold through the additivity, which in turn is dependent on the time between exposures. The observed recovery of tissue could be fitted by a single exponential with a time constant of 4 days. This result is incorporated in an analytic expression for the cumulative effect of repeated doses.
The 14-3-3σ Tumor Suppressor Has Multiple Functions in ErbB2-Induced Breast Cancer (2012)

Ling and colleagues demonstrated that loss of the conditional 14-3-3σ allele results in accelerated HER2/ERBB2-driven mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. This study underscores the role of 14-3-3σ as a potent tumor suppressor in ERBB2-driven tumor initiation and progression.
Taxonomic Status of Scolytus opacus and Scolytus abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) : A Comparative Study (2009)

Abstract Anatomical features of male and female Scolytus opacus Blackman, infesting Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.), and Scolytus abietis Blackman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), infesting Abies grandis (Douglas) and Abies concolor (Gord. &amp; Glend.), were compared by light and scanning electron microscopy. Diagnostic features involve body size; striations on the underside of the head, which have a stridulatory function; shape of the submentum; and several characters on abdominal sternites 1 and 2. Because of differences in these features of the two taxa, and because the two populations infest different tree species and are sympatric in Idaho, we reinstate S. abietis as a valid species.
Facile Fabrication and Wettability of Nestlike Microstructure Maintained Mixed Metal Oxides Films from Layered Double Hydroxide Films Precursors (2008)

Mixed metal oxide (MMO) films containing Ni2+ and Al3+ have been fabricated by a simple process involving calcination of layered double hydroxide (LDH) film precursors at 300−600 °C for 4 h in air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that the resulting Ni/Al−O thin films maintain the original nestlike morphology of the precursor films without any deformation of the microstructure during the thermal decomposition process. After surface treatment with an aqueous solution of sodium laurate, the wettability of the NiAl-LDH and Ni/Al−O thin film surfaces changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Moreover, whereas the NiAl-LDH film exhibits a low adhesion for water (Cassie−Baxter behavior) after surface modification, the Ni/Al−O films exhibit a high adhesion for water (Wenzel behavior). A possible explanation for this phenomenon has been suggested.
An Efficient Construction of 4-Oxo-1, 3-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octanesviaThiohydantoins (1995)

Abstract New stereoisomeric N-bridged heterocycles, 4-oxo-1, 3-diazabicyclo-[3.3.0]octanes(4) were synthesized from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(1). Thiohydantoins 3 as the key intermediates were prepared by nucleophilic addition of 1 to isothiocyanates, and subsequent cyclization. These thiohydantoins 3 were readily desulfurized to provide 4.
Turn Back the TIMe: Targeting Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells to Revert Cancer Progression (2018)

Tumor cells frequently produce soluble factors that favor myelopoiesis and recruitment of myeloid cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, the TME of many cancer types is characterized by high infiltration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes. Experimental and clinical studies show that most myeloid cells are kept in an immature state in the TME. These studies further show that tumor-derived factors mold these myeloid cells into cells that support cancer initiation and progression, amongst others by enabling immune evasion, tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration and metastasis. The key role of myeloid cells in cancer is further evidenced by the fact that they negatively impact on virtually all types of cancer therapy. Therefore, tumor-associated myeloid cells have been designated as the culprits in cancer. We review myeloid cells in the TME with a focus on the mechanisms they exploit to support cancer cells. In addition, we provide an overview of approaches that are under investigation to deplete myeloid cells or redirect their function, as these hold promise to overcome resistance to current cancer therapies.
The mycobacterial cell-wall as target for antimycobacterial drugs. I--Synthesis and activity of some diphenylalkylanalogues of mycolic acids. (1987)

Mycolic acids are 2-alkyl-3-hydroxyfatty acids and are essential parts of the peptidoglycan of mycobacteria. Potential antimetabolites were prepared by substituting a longchain alkylgroup by a diphenylmethylfunction. 3-Oxo esters and 3-hydroxy esters and acids were prepared. The 3-oxo esters showed a slight activity against M. tuberculosis and some atypical mycobacteria.
Polarized spectroscopy and laser operation of Tm3+:YAlO3 crystal on the 3H4 → 3H5 transition (2020)

Yttrium orthoaluminate (YAlO<sub>3</sub>) is an attractive laser host crystal for doping with thulium (Tm<sup>3+</sup>) ions. We report on the absorption and stimulated-emission (SE) cross-sections of this orthorhombic (sp. gr. <i>Pnma</i>) Tm:YAlO<sub>3</sub> crystal for the principal light polarizations, <strong><i>E</i></strong> || <strong><i>a</i></strong>, <strong><i>b</i></strong> and <strong><i>c</i></strong>. Polarized absorption data lead to the Judd-Ofelt parameters &Omega;<sub>2</sub> = 1.46, &Omega;<sub>4</sub> = 2.82 and &Omega;<sub>6</sub> = 1.09 [10<sup>-20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>]. In particular, for the <sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub> &rarr; <sup>3</sup>H<sub>5</sub> transition, it is found a stimulated emission cross section of 0.86×10<sup>-20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> at 2278 nm corresponding to an emission bandwidth of ~12 nm (for <strong><i>E</i></strong> || <strong><i>b</i></strong>). Continuous-wave laser operation on this <sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub> &rarr; <sup>3</sup>H<sub>5</sub> transition is achieved with an 1.8 at.% Tm:YAlO<sub>3</sub> crystal under laser-pumping at 776 nm. The mid-infrared Tm:YAlO<sub>3</sub> laser generated 0.96 W at ~2274 nm with a slope efficiency of 61.8% and a linear laser polarization (<strong><i>E</i></strong> || <strong><i>b</i></strong>). Tm:YAlO<sub>3</sub> is promising for mode-locked lasers at ~2.3 &mu;m.
Can nitrogen-based cobalt pnictides exist? (2013)

Using density functional theory in the local density approximation with a Hubbard correction U, we explore theoretically the possibility of synthesizing nitrogen-based 122 pnictides. By way of example, we consider SrCo2N2, isoelectronically analogues to BaFe2As2, the parent compound of the 122 FeAs superconductors. We analyze the chemical and lattice stability of SrCo2N2, investigate the nature of its bonding, and compare SrCo2N2 to BaFe2As2 and 122 rare-earth cobalt phosphides. Our results strongly suggest that it may indeed be possible to synthesize SrCo2N2 as it is dynamically stable with a ferromagnetic ground state exhibiting a magnetic moment 0.72 μB per cobalt.
Stem cell-derived synthetic embryos self-assemble by exploiting cadherin codes and cortical tension (2022)

Mammalian embryos sequentially differentiate into trophectoderm and an inner cell mass, the latter of which differentiates into primitive endoderm and epiblast. Trophoblast stem (TS), extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) and embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from these three lineages can self-assemble into synthetic embryos, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that a stem cell-specific cadherin code drives synthetic embryogenesis. The XEN cell cadherin code enables XEN cell sorting into a layer below ES cells, recapitulating the sorting of epiblast and primitive endoderm before implantation. The TS cell cadherin code enables TS cell sorting above ES cells, resembling extraembryonic ectoderm clustering above epiblast following implantation. Whereas differential cadherin expression drives initial cell sorting, cortical tension consolidates tissue organization. By optimizing cadherin code expression in different stem cell lines, we tripled the frequency of correctly formed synthetic embryos. Thus, by exploiting cadherin codes from different stages of development, lineage-specific stem cells bypass the preimplantation structure to directly assemble a postimplantation embryo.
Engineering and Design: Use of Petroleum Contaminated Soil in Cold-Mix Asphalt Stabilized Base Course (1998)

This letter provides information and guidance for design and construction of mixtures using petroleum contaminated soil and similar hydrocarbon waste for cold-mix asphalt stabilized base course (ASB) construction.
The Collinearity Problem in Linear Regression. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Generalized Inverses (1984)

The use of partial least squares (PLS) for handling collinearities among the independent variables X in multiple regression is discussed. Consecutive estimates $({\text{rank }}1,2,\cdots )$ are obtained using the residuals from previous rank as a new dependent variable y. The PLS method is equivalent to the conjugate gradient method used in Numerical Analysis for related problems. To estimate the “optimal” rank, cross validation is used. Jackknife estimates of the standard errors are thereby obtained with no extra computation. The PLS method is compared with ridge regression and principal components regression on a chemical example of modelling the relation between the measured biological activity and variables describing the chemical structure of a set of substituted phenethylamines.
Patents of Methods to Prepare Intermetallic Matrix Composites: A Review (2008)

This paper reviews research on patents of intermetallic matrix composites synthesized methods, such as casting, powder metallurgy, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, spark plasma sintering, directional solidification and chemical reacting. The present status and applications in various fields as well as the prospects of intermetallic compounds are presented too. Its indicated that in order to enlarge the applications areas, people should intensify not only the investigation of theories but also the research on preparation methods and processes which influence the structure and performance of materials. At the same time, a further study for optimizing the processing parameters is required to improve the property of materials. Future directions in this field have been suggested. Keywords: Intermetallic matrix composites, powder metallurgy, casting, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, spark plasma sintering, directional solidification, patent, review
Broadly Neutralizing Immune Responses against Hepatitis C Virus Induced by Vectored Measles Viruses and a Recombinant Envelope Protein Booster (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Treatments are limited, and no preventive vaccine is available. Toward developing an HCV vaccine, we engineered two recombinant measles viruses (MVs) expressing structural proteins from the prototypic HCV subtype 1a strain H77. One virus directs the synthesis of the HCV capsid (C) protein and envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2), which fold properly and form a heterodimer. The other virus expresses the E1 and E2 glycoproteins separately, with each one fused to the cytoplasmic tail of the MV fusion protein. Although these hybrid glycoproteins were transported to the plasma membrane, they were not incorporated into MV particles. Immunization of MV-susceptible, genetically modified mice with either vector induced neutralizing antibodies to MV and HCV. A boost with soluble E2 protein enhanced titers of neutralizing antibody against the homologous HCV envelope. In animals primed with MV expressing properly folded HCV C-E1-E2, boosting also induced cross-neutralizating antibodies against two heterologous HCV strains. These results show that recombinant MVs retain the ability to induce MV-specific humoral immunity while also eliciting HCV neutralizing antibodies, and that anti-HCV immunity can be boosted with a single dose of purified E2 protein. The use of MV vectors could have advantages for pediatric HCV vaccination.
Ni-catalyzed growth of silicon wire arrays for a Schottky diode (2010)

Vertically grown Si wire arrays were fabricated on a large scale by the Ni-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid method. A single Si wire has a length of several tens of micrometers with a pure Si stem and a NiSi2 tip. The NiSi2 tip was spontaneously formed on a Si wire due to a slight lattice mismatch relative to Si. Further, this system provides a Schottky contact having a rectifying ratio of ∼102 with a low leakage current of about 2.88×10−10 A. The growth mechanism of vertical Si wires and the performance of a Schottky diode are discussed.
Pinstripe: a suite of programs for integrating transcriptomic and proteomic datasets identifies novel proteins and improves differentiation of protein-coding and non-coding genes (2012)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The sheddase ADAM10 is a potent modulator of prion disease (2015)

The prion protein (PrP(C)) is highly expressed in the nervous system and critically involved in prion diseases where it misfolds into pathogenic PrP(Sc). Moreover, it has been suggested as a receptor mediating neurotoxicity in common neurodegenerative proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's disease. PrP(C) is shed at the plasma membrane by the metalloprotease ADAM10, yet the impact of this on prion disease remains enigmatic. Employing conditional knockout mice, we show that depletion of ADAM10 in forebrain neurons leads to posttranslational increase of PrP(C) levels. Upon prion infection of these mice, clinical, biochemical, and morphological data reveal that lack of ADAM10 significantly reduces incubation times and increases PrP(Sc) formation. In contrast, spatiotemporal analysis indicates that absence of shedding impairs spread of prion pathology. Our data support a dual role for ADAM10-mediated shedding and highlight the role of proteolytic processing in prion disease.
Quartz frequency standards (1967)

This paper reviews progress made over the past few years in the field of quartz crystal frequency standards. Several accomplishments which are thought to be of special importance are discussed in detail. These subjects include, among others, quartz vibrator enclosures, modes of motion including the "trapped energy" concept, and studies of quartz material. It has been demonstrated that the Q of synthetic quartz can be improved to a value equivalent to natural quartz. Progress made in the field of long-term stability of precision crystal units is described and the various reasons for aging of such units is discussed. The characteristics of precision crystal oscillators are reviewed, including temperature compensation and the influences of severe environment. The properties of high-precision crystal frequency standards are described with specific emphasis on aging, and the problem of short-term stability of such standards is discussed. Precision crystal standards are available today with a daily drift rate as low as a few parts in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> and a short-term stability better than a few parts in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> for a period of one millisecond.
Fast Layout Generation of RF Embedded Passive Circuits Using Mathematical Programming (2011)

In this paper, we present a methodology for the automatic generation of layout for radio frequency (RF) designs using embedded passives. Our methodology is divided into three steps: 1) pre-layout optimization; 2) placement and routing; and 3) post-layout optimization. We show that our methodology generates layouts with small area and good performance response within a fraction of design time compared with fully manual design effort. We make use of circuit models to represent and optimize the physical layout of the resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) components as well as the entire RF circuit that uses them. We perform non-linear mathematical programming-based optimization at various stages of the methodology to achieve high quality layouts. Full wave electromagnetic simulations are kept completely out of the design loop, so our methodology significantly reduces design time. We have used our methodology to successfully generate layouts for large-scale filter circuits.
A review on Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling (2010)

Traditionally, process planning and scheduling for parts were carried out in a sequential way, where scheduling was done after process plans had been generated. Considering the fact that the two functions are usually complementary, it is necessary to integrate them more tightly so that performance of a manufacturing system can be improved greatly. In this paper, we present a review of the reported research in Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling (IPPS), discuss the extent of applicability of various approaches and suggest some future research trends.
THE PHARMACOLOGY OF CENTRALLY ACTING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS (1983)

Aspects of centrally acting antihypertensive agents are reviewed with an emphasis on compounds acting on central α‐adrenoceptors, in the ponto‐medullary region of the brain. Central α‐adrenoceptors are stimulated by clonidine, guanfacine and also α‐methyldopa, which is presumed to act via α‐methylnoradrenaline, generated in vivo after biotransformation of α‐methyldopa in the brain. Stimulation of the central α‐adrenoceptors decreases peripheral sympathetic tone and thus a fall in blood pressure and bradycardia. The central α‐adrenoceptors involved in the antihypertensive effect of clonidine, guanfacine and α‐methyldopa appear to be located at postsynaptic sites and of the α 2 subtype. The pharmacological basis of side effects, including withdrawal phenomena and drug interactions of the centrally acting antihypertensives is reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlyst‐15 Catalyzed Povarov Reaction of N‐Arylidene‐1H‐indazol‐6‐amines and Indoles: A Greener Approach to the Synthesis of exo‐1,6,7,7a,12,12a‐Hexahydroindolo[3,2‐c]pyrazolo[3,4‐f]quinolines as Potential Sirtuin Inhibitors. (2015)

Abstract Interestingly, compounds (IV) derived from 5‐bromoindole (II) exhibit a higher degree of Sir‐2 inhibition as compared to their counterparts, derived from indole.