gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feelings: the perception of self (2007)

1. The Problem of Feelings 2. Emotional Expressions 3. Postures, Gaze, and Action 4. Autonomic Arousal and Emotional Feeling 5. Theoretical Summary on Emotion 6. Nonemotional Feelings: Confidence, Pride and Self-Esteem 7. Motivation and Hunger 8. Cognitive Feelings of Knowing, Familiarity, and Tip of the Tongue 9. Attitudes and Cognitive Dissonance 10. Self-Perception Theory in Full 11. Self-Perception, Levels of Organization, and the Mind-Body Relation
Optical Beam Size Measurements Of The RADLAC II Beam Propagating In Air (1991)

Beam parameters of the propagating RAD LAC II beam were measured using both Cherenkov radiation and beam-induced air fluorescence. In this paper we describe the measurement techniques and show representative data, but reserve detailed results relating to electron beam propagation to an accompanying paper. A Thomson streak camera was deployed at z = 1.5 m and a Hamamatsu streak camera was deployed at z = 3.5 m. Micro-channel-plate (MCP) gated cameras were mounted to both streak cameras. Video images from these cameras were digitized and stored, and analyzed after each shot to give beam radius, radius tailoring, and centroid motion. Three MCP gated cameras were also used to give an axial view of the propagating beam. These cameras gave beam radius and centroid versus z for three times in the beam pulse. The video images from these cameras were also digitized, stored and post-analyzed. In addition, several open-shutter cameras showed time-integrated beam trajectories. These were digitized and compared to the gated camera images.
Flow induced by a small fire in an aircraft cargo compartment (2012)

According to Federal Aviation Regulations, fire and smoke detector devices installed in aircraft cargo compartments are required to alarm within the first sixty seconds of fire initiation. Expensive and time consuming in-flight and ground tests are conducted to verify compliance and to grant approval for these detection systems. In an effort to minimize the number of certification tests required, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is evaluating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool to predict fire-induced flow behavior in aircraft cargo compartments. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the predictive abilities of available open-source CFD solvers for the transport of smoke and hot gases due to a small fire source in an enclosure. Numerical simulations are carried out using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) 1 developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The simulation results are compared with an extensive set of data collected from fire tests of the forward cargo compartment of Boeing 707 for three different fire scenarios. The selected metrics for the comparison are the predictions of temperature, light transmission and concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the first three minutes of the test initiation. Furthermore, model estimates for temperature fields are compared with correlations widely-used and relied upon in the fire research community.
Chain Microstructure of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) by 282 MHz19F-NMR Spectroscopy (1989)

Abstract Based on the effects of solvent and temperature on the 282-MHz 19F-NMR spectrum of poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVF2, in perdeuterated dimethylacetamide (DMA-d9) solution at -20°C, nine minor CF2 resonances that are due to structures in the vicinity of reversed monomer enchainments have been identified. 19F-19 F spin-spin decoupling and two-dimensional 19F-correlation spectroscopy (19F-2D COSY) have been used to assign these resonances. In several cases these assignments differ from those made previously.
Investigation of Defects in Copper Alloys Selected for Nuclear Fusion Technology (2004)

Abstract. Positron lifetime measurements using a Pulsed Low Energy Positron System (PLEPS) were applied to the investigation of defects in hydrogen implanted and subsequently thermally treated copper alloys which are designated for the use in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). PLEPS results showed that the changes in the microstructure of selected copper-alloys (CuCrZr, CuAl25) depend strongly on the preparing technology of alloys and on the implantation dose. The full recovery of the structure after isochronal annealing in vacuum in a region of 100-600 ”C was observed in all implanted specimens at a level of about 450 ”C. With the PLEPS technique, for the first time, depth profiling of the near-surface region (20-500 nm) of hydrogen implanted copper alloys was performed and compared with the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Introduction The precipitation hardened alloy (CuCrZr) and the dispersion strengthened alloy (CuAl25) are studied here by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). These Cu-alloys should be applied in the ITER as a cooler and should diffuse the heat [1]. Due to the particle bombardment of ITER first-wall materials (selected copper alloys) various changes in mechanical properties can be induced. Investigation of defects created in this way is an interesting issue for solid-state science as well as for applied research. For the simulation of the radiation damage due to a neutron flux, the ion implantation of protons has been applied. The protons were chosen because they have approximately the same mass as that of neutrons. Although the ballistic influence of protons on the primary-knock-on atom (PKA) production is different from that of D-T fusion reactor conditions, nevertheless it is instructive to investigate fundamental displacement damage effects using proton irradiation.
Diffusion-Time Distribution Analysis Reveals Characteristic Ligand-Dependent Interaction Patterns of Nuclear Receptors in Living Cells (2005)

Nuclear receptors initiate transcription, interact with regulatory proteins, and are influenced by hormones, drugs, and pollutants. Herein, we discover ligand-specific mobility patterns of human estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) in living cells using diffusion-time distribution analysis (DDA). This novel method, based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), is especially suited to unraveling multiple protein interactions in vivo at native expression levels. We found that ER forms a limited number of distinct complexes with a varying population by dynamic interaction with other nuclear components. Dose-response curves of different ligands could be obtained for each receptor interaction. The potential to identify interacting proteins was demonstrated by comparing DDA of the ER cofactor SRC-3 attached to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) with those of YFP-ER. Our findings open up new routes to elucidating transcription regulation and to detecting and distinguishing pharmacologically and toxicologically active compounds in vivo. Moreover, DDA provides a general approach to monitoring biochemical networks in individual living cells.
Transforming RNA-Seq Data to Improve the Performance of Prognostic Gene Signatures (2014)

Gene expression measurements have successfully been used for building prognostic signatures, i.e for identifying a short list of important genes that can predict patient outcome. Mostly microarray measurements have been considered, and there is little advice available for building multivariable risk prediction models from RNA-Seq data. We specifically consider penalized regression techniques, such as the lasso and componentwise boosting, which can simultaneously consider all measurements and provide both, multivariable regression models for prediction and automated variable selection. However, they might be affected by the typical skewness, mean-variance-dependency or extreme values of RNA-Seq covariates and therefore could benefit from transformations of the latter. In an analytical part, we highlight preferential selection of covariates with large variances, which is problematic due to the mean-variance dependency of RNA-Seq data. In a simulation study, we compare different transformations of RNA-Seq data for potentially improving detection of important genes. Specifically, we consider standardization, the log transformation, a variance-stabilizing transformation, the Box-Cox transformation, and rank-based transformations. In addition, the prediction performance for real data from patients with kidney cancer and acute myeloid leukemia is considered. We show that signature size, identification performance, and prediction performance critically depend on the choice of a suitable transformation. Rank-based transformations perform well in all scenarios and can even outperform complex variance-stabilizing approaches. Generally, the results illustrate that the distribution and potential transformations of RNA-Seq data need to be considered as a critical step when building risk prediction models by penalized regression techniques.
Random linear multihop relaying in a general field of interferers using spatial Aloha (2012)

In our basic model, we study a stationary Poisson pattern of nodes on a line embedded in an independent planar Poisson field of interfering nodes. Assuming slotted Aloha and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio capture condition, with the usual power-law path loss model and Rayleigh fading, we explicitly evaluate several local and end-to-end performance characteristics related to the nearest-neighbor packet relaying on this line, and study their dependence on the model parameters (the density of relaying and interfering nodes, Aloha tuning and the external noise power). Our model can be applied in two cases: the first use is for vehicular ad-hoc networks, where vehicles are randomly located on a straight road. The second use is to study a typical route traced in a (general) planar ad-hoc network by some routing mechanism. The approach we have chosen allows us to quantify the non-efficiency of long-distance routing in pure ad-hoc networks and evaluate a possible remedy for it in the form of additional fixed relaying nodes, called road-side units in a vehicular network. It also allows us to consider a more general field of interfering nodes and study the impact of the clustering of its nodes the routing performance. As a special case of a field with more clustering than the Poison field, we consider a Poisson-line field of interfering nodes, in which all the nodes are randomly located on random straight lines. The comparison to our basic model reveals a paradox: clustering of interfering nodes decreases the outage probability of a single (typical) transmission on the route, but increases the mean end-to-end delay.
Artemisia annua (1993)

In the early 1970's, a potent and essentially non-toxic antimalarial agent was isolated from qing hao (Artemisia annua), a plant used in Chinese folk medicine for some 20 centuries. The active compound, artemisinin (qinghaosu), is a sesquiterpene lactone bearing an unusual endoperoxide group that is essential for its activity. Artemisinin is effective against drug-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Oil-soluble derivatives of artemisinin, such as artemether and arteether, and water-soluble derivatives, such as sodium artesunate and sodium artelinate, have increased potency and allow fewer recrudescences. The latter two have special application for the treatment of potentially fatal cerebral malaria. Recent animal studies suggest that the artemisinin class of compounds may be effective when administered transdermally.
Priolog: Mining Important Logs via Temporal Analysis and Prioritization (2019)

Log analytics are a critical part of the operational management in today’s IT services. However, the growing software complexity and volume of logs make it increasingly challenging to mine useful insights from logs for problem diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, Priolog, that can narrow down the volume of logs into a small set of important and most relevant logs. Priolog uses a combination of log template temporal analysis, log template frequency analysis, and word frequency analysis, which complement each other to generate an accurately ranked list of important logs. We have implemented this technique and applied to the problem diagnosis task of the popular OpenStack platform. Our evaluation indicates that Priolog can effectively find the important logs that hold direct hints to the failure cause in several scenarios. We demonstrate the concepts, design, and evaluation results using actual logs.
VisR ultrasound evaluation of dystrophic muscle degeneration in a dog cross-section and comparison to histology and MRI (2015)

Viscoelastic Response (VisR) ultrasound is a new Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF)-based imaging method that uses two successive ARF excitations, delivered to the same region of excitation, to approximate a creep response in tissue and thereby estimate viscoelastic property. The viscoelasticity of dystrophic muscle is altered over time by ongoing necrotic, fatty, and fibrous degenerative changes. Evaluating such changes by VisR in the Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) canine model, with comparison to matched MRI and histology, is the purpose of this work. In a cross-sectional study, in vivo VisR imaging was performed on the vastus lateralis (VL) and cranial sartorius (CS) muscles in 20 dogs (n=10 control and GRMD age-matched pairs) aged 3, 6, 12, 24, or 60 months. Following VisR, T2-weighted MRI imaging was performed, and run percentage (RP) was calculated to reflect heterogeneity. Finally, muscle tissue samples were acquired by open surgical biopsy, sectioned, and stained, and percent collagen and fat were calculated from digital microscopy. In the VL, SD of VisR τ was consistently larger in GRMD versus age-matched control dogs (p=0.001, Wilcoxon two-sample test). This VisR result was consistent with higher MRI RP measures and higher histology percent collagen. Similarly in the CS, SD of VisR τ was larger in GRMD than control (p=0.001), consistent with higher MRI RP and with histology percent collagen. These results suggest that VisR measures of τ SD reflect heterogeneity due to collagen deposition in dystrophic muscles.
An optimal technique for ECG noise reduction in real time applications (2006)

This paper presents a novel and efficient algorithm of ECG compression in real time monitoring systems, updated with each new input signal sample. This algorithm tries to improve the compression ratio of the captured signal by means of an optimal noise threshold in terms of hardware complexity and memory requirements. Threshold estimation is computed, using the instantaneous standard deviation, in order to decrease data sorting and storing resources, and allowing low-cost implementation in portable electronic systems. This method produces the highest number of null samples (more than 88.7%) using a low threshold and signal errors with very acceptable merit figures (99.876 % of EPE, and 0.193 % of MSE). The quality of the recovered signal is good for the clinical diagnosis, obtaining a superior compression rate in spite of using instantaneously captured ECG signals. 1.
Microwave-Assisted Oxalic Acid Pretreatment for the Enhancing of Enzyme Hydrolysis in the Production of Xylose and Arabinose from Bagasse (2018)

In this study, highly-efficient hydrolysis of bagasse into xylose and arabinose sugars (C5 sugars) was developed by microwave-assisted oxalic acid pretreatment under mild reaction conditions. The effects of acid and hydrolysis conditions on the C5 sugar yields were discussed. The results showed that oxalic acid performed better than hydrochloric acid and maleic acid, and was a promising alternative to sulfuric acid for xylose production at the same acid concentration. The maximum yields of xylose (95.7%) and arabinose (91.5%) were achieved via the microwave-assisted oxalic acid pretreatment (120 °C, 10 min, 0.4 mol/L, solid-liquid ratio of 1:50 g/mL), indicating that almost all xylan-type hemicelluloses were released from the cell wall and hydrolyzed into C5 sugars. After pretreatment, more than 90% of the cellulose in the residual bagasse was converted to glucose (92.2%) by enzymatic hydrolysis. This approach could realize the highly-efficient hydrolysis of xylan from bagasse into C5 sugars, which would enhance the enzyme hydrolysis of treated bagasse into glucose.
Protein thiols in normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix (1985)

Protein-thiol groups that react with dihydroxydinaphthyl disulphide during a 7 h incubation (so-called reactive protein thiols, PSHr) have been quantitatively measured on sections of human uterine cervix by microcytospectrophotometry. Measurements were made on areas (1 micron 2) of epithelium and adjoining stroma in samples of normal cervix, and in samples obtained from patients with dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and invasive cancer. The ratio of PSHr in epithelium to stroma is substantially reduced in the pathological conditions compared with normal and in apparently normal adjacent areas. Such changes in PSHr are discussed in relation to the redox balance of the tissue, and free radical disturbances previously described.
A Condition Monitoring System for Low Vacuum Plasma Spray using Computer Vision (2018)

Low vacuum plasma spray is used to apply an oxidation resistant metallic coating to jet turbine engine parts. This coating environmentally protects the part from the high temperatures in the engine. Under the current operational protocol, a test spray pattern is evaluated by human workers to ensure that the plasma spray gun nozzle is correctly aligned. We investigate the ability for computer vision and machine learning to replace the human in this evaluation process. We split the computer vision system into two parts. The first processes images of the test spray plates and extracts features. We use an active contouring algorithm to find the edges of the spray pattern and moment-based shape analysis to extract features. The second uses a binary classifier to estimate if the nozzle is correctly aligned. The data set provided by our industrial partner is composed of a small number of labeled images and a larger number of unlabeled images. Several supervised and semi-supervised classifiers are tested on the data set. We can achieve accuracy above 90% using either supervised or semi-supervised learning, however, semi-supervised learning does not outperform the supervised classifiers. Therefore, we cannot conclude if using the unlabeled images improves the quality of the classifier without further investigation.
Wireline equalization using pulse-width modulation (2006)

High-speed data links over copper cables can be effectively equalized using pulse-width modulation (PWM) pre-emphasis. This provides an alternative to the usual 2-tap FIR filters. The use of PWM pre-emphasis allows a channel loss at the Nyquist frequency of ~30dB, compared to ~20dB for a 2-tap symbol-spaced FIR filter. The use of PWM fits well with future high-speed low-voltage CMOS processes. The filter has only one `knob', which is the duty-cycle. This makes convergence of an algorithm for automatic adaptation straightforward. Spectral analysis illustrates that, compared to a 2-tap FIR filter, the steeper PWM filter transfer function fits better to the copper channel. This applies to both half-symbol-spaced and symbol-spaced 2-tap FIR filters. Circuits for implementation are as straightforward as for FIR pre-emphasis. In this paper new measurements are presented for a previous transmitter chip, and a new high-swing transmitter chip is presented. Both coaxial and differential cables are used for the tests. A bit rate of 5 Gb/s (2-PAM) was achieved with all cable assemblies, over a cable length of up to 130 m. Measured BER at this speed is <10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup>
Application of solvent modified PEDOT:PSS to graphene electrodes in organic solar cells (2013)

Graphene has been proposed as a promising transparent conducting electrode material in organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells to substitute the widely used indium tin oxide (ITO). Various studies have reported OPV devices with graphene electrodes showing comparable performances to ITO-based OPV cells. However, the fabrication reliability or device yield has not been widely discussed. In our investigation it was found that graphene-based OPVs tend to have much lower device yield than the ITO-based ones if similar fabrication processes are used. One possible reason could be due to the challenge faced in obtaining a uniform coating of PEDOT:PSS hole injection layer (HIL) on graphene. In fact, several attempts have been made to overcome this challenge. In this work, we report a facile method of solvent modification of PEDOT:PSS to achieve a homogeneous coating on graphene. A significant enhancement in the device yield was observed as compared to devices using normal aqueous solution based PEDOT:PSS; nevertheless, it was still only ∼50%. Further improvement was made by adding an additional electron blocking layer (EBL), molybdenum trioxide, after the coating of PEDOT:PSS. The observation in this work calls for further investigation to understand the role played by the HIL or EBL in graphene-based OPV devices.
Bar code recovery via the EM algorithm (1998)

The ubiquitous supermarket checkout scanner is indeed a well engineered and effective device. There is, nevertheless, demand for better devices. Existing scanners rely on simple and indeed low-cost signal processing to interpret bar code signals. These methods, nevertheless, fundamentally limit label reading and cannot be extended. A new method based on the deterministic EM algorithm is described. First results show a substantial improvement in label reading depth of field, which is an important performance parameter for bar code readers.
Pre-clinical assay of the tissue integration and mechanical adhesion of several types of cyanoacrylate adhesives in the fixation of lightweight polypropylene meshes for abdominal hernia repair (2018)

All the cyanoacrylates, despite inducing a significantly increased macrophage response versus sutures, showed optimal host tissue integration and long-term mechanical behavior; thus, they might be good choices for LW-PP mesh hernia repairs.
New Developments in the Field of Luminescent Materials for Lighting and Displays (1998)

Owing to their use in fluorescent lamps and many display applications, luminescent materials affect our daily life. Improvement of already very mature as well as development of new materials demanded by a variety of new applications are the focus of research today. The latest advances in the field of electroluminescence enable new displays and light generation concepts that challenge the classical areas of application of luminescent materials.
An Optical Machine Vision System for Applications in Cytopathology. (2010)

This paper discusses a new approach to the processes of object detection, recognition and classification in a digital image focusing on problem in Cytopathology. A unique self learning procedure is presented in order to incorporate expert knowledge. The classification method is based on the application of a set of features which includes fractal parameters such as the Lacunarity and Fourier dimension. Thus, the approach includes the characterisation of an object in terms of its fractal properties and texture characteristics. The principal issues associated with object recognition are presented which include the basic model and segmentation algorithms. The self-learning procedure for designing a decision making engine using fuzzy logic and membership function theory is also presented and a novel technique for the creation and extraction of information from a membership function considered. The methods discussed and the algorithms developed have a range of applications and in this work, we focus the engineering of a system for automating a Papanicolaou screening test.