gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-noise circuitry for extreme environment detection systems implemented in SiGe BiCMOS technology (2012)

This work evaluates two SiGe BiCMOS technology platforms as candidates for implementing extreme environment capable circuitry, with an emphasis on applications requiring high sensitivity and low noise.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn Chapter 1, applications requiring extreme environment sensing circuitry are briefly reviewed and the motivation for undertaking this study is outlined. A case is then presented for the use of SiGe BiCMOS technology to meet this need, documenting the benefits of operating SiGe HBTs at cryogenic temperatures. Chapter 1 concludes with a brief description of device radiation effects in bipolar and CMOS devices, and a basic overview of noise in semiconductor devices and electronic components.&#13;\n&#13;\nChapter 2 further elaborates on a specific application requiring low-noise circuitry capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures and proposes a number of variants of band-gap reference circuits for use in said system. Detailed simulation and theoretical analysis of the proposed circuits are presented and compared with measurements, validating the techniques used in the proposed designs and emphasizing the need for further understanding of device level low-temperature noise phenomena.&#13;\n&#13;\nChapter 3 evaluates the feasibility of using a SiGe BiCMOS process, whose response to ionizing radiation was previously uncharacterized, for use in unshielded electronic systems needed for exploration of deep space planets or moons, specifically targeting Europa mission requirements. Measured total ionizing dose (TID) responses for both CMOS and bipolar SiGe devices are presented and compared to similar technologies. The mechanisms responsible for device degradation are outlined, and an explanation of unexpected results is proposed.&#13;\n&#13;\nFinally, Chapter 4 summarizes the work presented and understanding provided by this thesis, concluding by outlining future research needed to build upon this study and fully realize SiGe based extreme environment capable precision electronic systems.
Shape Guided Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) Tracking (2010)

Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) are one of the most prominent interest region detectors in computer vision due to their powerful properties and low computational demands. In general MSERs are detected in single images, but given image sequences as input, the repeatability of MSER detection can be improved by exploiting correspondences between subsequent frames by feature based analysis. Such an approach fails during fast movements, in heavily cluttered scenes and in images containing several similar sized regions because of the simple feature based analysis. In this paper we propose an extension of MSER tracking by considering shape similarity as strong cue for defining the frame-to-frame correspondences. Efficient calculation of shape similarity scores ensures that real-time capability is maintained. Experimental evaluation demonstrates improved repeatability and an application for tracking weakly textured, planar objects.
Harvesting a 3D N-Doped Carbon Network from Waste Bean Dregs by Ionothermal Carbonization as an Electrocatalyst for an Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2017)

Three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon (3D-NCN) has been synthesized via the ionothermal carbonization method using waste soybean dregs (SD) as the precursor. N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms show that the as-prepared 3D-NCN formed a hierarchically porous structure with a specific BET surface area of 1093.4 m² g<sup>-1</sup> and a total pore volume of 1.77 cm³ g<sup>-1</sup>. The TEM images clearly show that graphene-like carbon sheets were formed on the edge of the networks. The characterization of the samples collected at different temperature indicated that salt melt plays the key role in the formation of the network structure and rich pores. When 3D-NCN is as electrocatalyst for ORR, it shows an onset potential of 0.945 V with a more positive half-wave potential (0.846 V), which is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. In addition, the long-term cycle results show that the onset potential and half-wave potential only negatively shifted by 6 mV and 8 mV after 10,000 cycles respectively, which are smaller than those values of commercial Pt/C. Due to its high ORR activity, durability, and low-cost, producing 3D-NCN from SD in molten salt medium provides a promising approach to replace the Pt-based catalysts for use in fuel cells.
Reactive Visual Navigation Based on Omnidirectional Sensing-Path Following and Collision Avoidance (2001)

Described here is a visual navigation method for navigating a mobile robot along a man-made route such as a corridor or a street. We propose an image sensor, named HyperOmniVision, with a, hyperboloidal mirror for vision based navigation of the mobile robot. This sensing system can acquire an omnidirectional view around the robot in real time. In the case of the man-made route, the road boundary between the ground plane and wall appears as a close-looped curve in the image. By making use of this optical characteristic, the robot can avoid obstacles and move along the corridor by tracking the close-looped curve with an active contour model. Experiments that have been done in a real environment are described.
A Comparative Study of Baby Immature and Adult Shoots of Aloe Vera on UVB‐Induced Skin Photoaging in vitro (2013)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces photo-damage of the skin, which in turn causes depletion of the dermal extracellular matrix and chronic alterations in skin structure. Skin wrinkle formations are associated with collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The production of type I procollagen is regulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression; the activation of MMP is also correlated with an increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Aloe barbadensis M. (Aloe vera) is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. In this study, we examined whether baby aloe shoot extract (BAE, immature aloe extract), which is from the one-month-old shoots of Aloe vera, and adult aloe shoot extract (AE), which is from the four-month-old shoots of Aloe vera, have a protective effect on UVB-induced skin photoaging in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The effects of BAE and AE on UVB-induced photoaging were tested by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species, MMP-1, MMP-3, IL-6, type I procollagen, and TGF-β1 after UVB irradiation. We found that NHDF cells treated with BAE after UVB-irradiation suppressed MMP-1, MMP-3, and IL-6 levels compared to the AE-treated cells. Furthermore, BAE treatment elevated type I procollagen and TGF-β1 levels. Our results suggest that BAE may potentially protect the skin from UVB-induced damage more than AE.
Source of Uniform-Sized Liquid Droplets (1964)

A method useful in the production of streams of uniform-sized liquid droplets, which are uniformly spaced relative to one another, is discussed. An extension of the method which is useful for the production of single droplets of known size is also given. The method is based on the principle that a cylinder of liquid is dynamically unstable under the action of surface tension. A capillary wave is launched onto a cylinder of liquid or jet which selects a particular mode of instability. The process of the disintegration of the jet is thereby regularized to the extent that extremely uniform droplets result. The size of the droplets is controlled by the inside diameter of the capillary tube through which the liquid flows, and therefore, the size can be varied over wide limits. By charging individual droplets and using electrostatic means to deflect them out of the stream, individual droplets can be isolated.
Seismic body and surface wave data integration for near surface characterisation (2010)

Seismic methods are widely used in near surface characterisation and very often different seismic datasets relative to body and surface waves are acquired at the same site. These data are, in the majority of the cases, acquired and interpreted separately to provide different information disregarding the synergies between different methods both in acquisition and inversion. In particular the joint or constrained inversion of different datasets may overcome intrinsic limitations of individual techniques and provide a more reliable and consistent final velocity model. Moreover, different information coming from different datasets provide a comprehensive site characterisation.
원저 : 비만 환자에서 펜터민 (phentermine hydrochloride: Adipex(R))의 유효성과 안전성 평가를 위한 이중맹검 다기관 공동 위약비교 임상시험 (2005)

연구배경: 펜터민 (phentermine)은 식욕억제 작용을 나타내는 중추성 식욕억제제이다. 비만 환자에서 체중 감소를 위한 치료제로서 단기간의 유효성과 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 2월부터 2005년 7월까지 4개의 대학병원에서 임상시험에 동의한 비만 환자 120명을 대상으로 다기관 공동, 무작위 배정, 이중맹검, 위약대조의 비교임상시험을 시행하였다. 비만환자는 체질량지수가 30㎏/㎡ 이상이거나 또는 27~29.9㎏/㎡이면서 고혈압, 당뇨병, 고지혈증 등의 위험 인자를 가지고 있는 성인을 대상으로 하였다. 1차 유효성 평가변수는 시험 시작 시 체중에 비하여 12주 후 체중감소량이 위약군에 비하여 3.0㎏ 이상 차이가 있을 때 유효한 경우로 판정하였고, 2차 유효성 평가변수는 체지방률, 허리둘레, 혈청지질, 혈당수치의 개선으로 판정하였다. 안전성 평가는 시험약제 투여 전과 투여 12주 후에 실험실적 검사, 생명징후 측정, 심전도 검사를 실시하고 연구기간 동안의 이상반응을 평가하였다. 결과: 임상시험 12주 후 체중변화는 펜터민군이 7.94±7.31㎏ (8.97±6.46%) 감소하였고 위약군은 0.91±5.88㎏ (1.03±7.11%) 감소하였으며 (P<0.001), 기존 체중에서 5%이상 체중감소가 일어난 경우는 펜터민군이 73.6%, 위약군은 15.1%였다 (P<0.001). 허리둘레는 펀터민군에서 6.79±4.09㎝ 감소하였고 위약군에서 3.40±4.65㎝ 감소하였다 (P<0.001). 혈청지질, 혈당수치의 변화 및 혈압의 변화는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 맥박은 펜터민군에서 유의한 상승을 보였다 (P<0.001). 탈락률은 각 군에서 11.7%로 동일하였고, 이상반응은 구강건조가 펜터민군에서 22%, 위약군에서 5%로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (P<0.01), 그 외 이상반응은 두 군 간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 비만 환자에서 펜터민을 12주간 복용하면서 위약 대조군과 비교, 분석한 결과 유효한 체중감소 효과를 나타내었으며, 구강건조와 맥박상승을 보였지만 12주 치료시 비교적 양호한 내약성을 가진 것으로 사료된다.
A 23 ps/2.1 mW ECL gate (2003)

Simulated output waveforms at 0.1, 0.3 and, 0.6-pF loading of a design optimized for a 0.3-pF nominal load are shown. An AC-coupled APD ECL (active-pull-down emitter-coupled-logic) gate with significantly improved gate delay in the low-power (1-2 mW) regime is described. Unloaded gate delays of 23 and 35 ps at 2.1 and 1.1-mW/gate power, respectively, were demonstrated in a bipolar technology using a double-poly, self-aligned process with emitter width of 0.8 mu m (mask). The device cross-section is presented along with an SEM (scanning electron microscopy) micrograph of the basic gate used in the ring oscillator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanical properties of bi- and poly-crystalline ice (2018)

A sound knowledge of fundamental mechanical properties of water ice is of crucial importance to address a wide range of applications in earth science, engineering, as well as ice sculpture and winter sports, such as ice skating, ice fishing, ice climbing, bobsleighs, and so on. Here, we report large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of mechanical properties of bi- and poly-crystalline hexagonal ice (Ih) under mechanical loads. Results show that bicrystals, upon tension, exhibit either brittle or ductile fracture, depending on the microstructure of grain boundaries (GBs), whereas they show ductile fracture by amorphization and crystallographic slips emitted from GBs under compression. Under shearing, the strength of bicrystals exhibits a characteristic plateau or sawtooth behavior drawn out the initial elastic strains. Nanograined polycrystals are destabilized by strain-induced amorphization and collective GB sliding. Their mechanical responses depend on the grain size. Both tensile and compressive strengths decrease as grain size decreases, showing inverse Hall-Petch weakening behavior. Large fraction of amorphous water structure in polycrystals with small grain size is mainly responsible for the inverse Hall-Petch softening. Dislocation nucleation and propagation are also identified in nanograined ice, which is in good agreement with experimental measurements. Beyond the elastic strain, a combination of GB sliding, grain rotation, amorphization and recrystallization, phase transformation, and dislocation nucleation dominate the plastic deformation in both bicrystals and polycrystals.
Novel Highly Stereoselective Approach toward (Z)-1,2-Bis(silyl)ethenes (2006)

A new flexible and stereoselective protocol for the synthesis of the compounds of the general formula, (Z)-Ph2RSiCH=CHSiRPh2 (where R is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy substituent) has been developed. The title compounds have been efficiently obtained by ruthenium hydride complex [RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2]-catalyzed (Z)-selective silylative coupling cyclization of 1,2-bis(diphenylvinylsiloxy)ethane or N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-di(diphenylvinylsilyl)ethane-1,2-diamine to generate respective disilacyclic platforms, followed by their reaction with Grignard reagents or alcohols. (Z)-Bis(silyl)ethenes could not be synthesized by a metathesis procedure.
Low incidence of MDR1 expression in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (1995)

The MDR1 gene product, P-glycoprotein, functions as a transmembrane efflux pump for certain cytotoxic agents including anthracyclines. Based upon the clinical observation that patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) respond favourably to anthracyclines, we hypothesized that APL cells may have low levels of MDR1 expression. We therefore investigated MDR1 expression in 10 patients with APL and compared results with those obtained in 18 patients with other subtypes of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Prior to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with MDR1 specific primers, leukaemic cells were purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting to exclude normal haemopoietic cells, in particular lymphocytes, from the MDR1 analysis. In sorted APL cells, MDR1 expression was detected in only two of 10 patients, which was significantly different from findings in other AML subtypes (MDR1 expression in 14/18 patients; P < 0.01). When unsorted specimens from APL patients were studied, five of six cases were MDR1 positive, whereas sorted APL cells were shown to express MDR1 mRNA in only one of these cases. MDR1 mRNA levels expressed as MDR1/beta-2 microglobulin ratios were significantly lower in APL (0.24 +/- 0.2, mean +/- SD) than in AML (0.75 +/- 0.48; P < 0.01). We conclude that low or absent expression of MDR1 in APL cells may contribute to the efficacy of anthracyclines in the treatment of APL.
Two-terminal edge-coupled InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistor optoelectronic mixer (1997)

We report the first experimental results for optoelectronic mixing using a two-terminal edge-coupled InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistor (HPT). The HPT optoelectronic mixer (OEM) exhibits a maximum of 7-dB conversion gain relative to a 100% quantum efficient photodetector operated at the optical modulation frequency. We give a qualitative explanation for the observed conversion gain variation with the HPT bias voltage.
DRDC Starfish Acoustic Sentinel and Phase Gradient Histogram Tracking (2015)

Abstract : DRDC - Atlantic Research Centre, an agency of the Canadian Department of National Defence, has developed a prototype multi-influence underwater surveillance sensor called the Starfish. The Starfish has acoustic, electric, and magnetic field sensors, and onboard signal processing for target detection and tracking. The acoustic sensors are in the form of a seven-element cross-dipole hydrophone array, with two hydrophones along each orthogonal axis direction and one at the array centre. Acoustic target detection is performed using both time-domain and frequency-domain Sentinel algorithms. The Sentinel algorithms use parallel exponential filters, with the frequency-domain algorithm using parallel filters in each frequency bin. A Phase Gradient bearing estimation algorithm is used to perform the acoustic target tracking. This is a frequency-domain algorithm that estimates the gradient of the spatial phase of the incoming acoustic signal, and directly computes the wavevector of the acoustic arrival in each frequency bin. A Histogram Tracking procedure is used to display and determine the track angles for a broad-band acoustic target. This paper will discuss the details of the frequency-domain Acoustic Sentinel algorithm and the Phase Gradient bearing estimation algorithm with Histogram Tracking.
Image repairing: robust image synthesis by adaptive ND tensor voting (2003)

We present a robust image synthesis method to automatically infer missing information from a damaged 2D image by tensor voting. Our method translates image color and texture information into an adaptive ND tensor, followed by a voting process that infers non-iteratively the optimal color values in the ND texture space for each defective pixel. ND tensor voting can be applied to images consisting of roughly homogeneous and periodic textures (e.g. a brick wall), as well as difficult images of natural scenes, which contain complex color and texture information. To effectively tackle the latter type of difficult images, a two-step method is proposed. First, we perform texture-based segmentation in the input image, and extrapolate partitioning curves to generate a complete segmentation for the image. Then, missing colors are synthesized using ND tensor voting. Automatic tensor scale analysis is used to adapt to different feature scales inherent in the input. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using a difficult set of real images.
A Variance Reduction Framework for Stable Feature Selection (2010)

Besides high accuracy, stability of feature selection has recently attracted strong interest in knowledge discovery from high-dimensional data. In this study, we present a theoretical framework about the relationship between the stability and accuracy of feature selection based on a formal bias-variance decomposition of feature selection error. The framework also suggests a variance reduction approach for improving the stability of feature selection algorithms. Furthermore, we propose an empirical variance reduction framework, margin based instance weighting, which weights training instances according to their influence to the estimation of feature relevance. We also develop an efficient algorithm under this framework. Experiments based on synthetic data and real-world micro array data verify both the theoretical framework and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on variance reduction. The proposed algorithm is also shown to be effective at improving subset stability, while maintaining comparable classification accuracy based on selected features.
A COMBINED BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLIP TURN TECHNIQUE (2008)

The purpose of this study was to biomechanically describe the front crawl flip turn technique of an elite male swimmer using and integrating dynamometric, kinematical and electromyographic (EMG) data. Surface active bipolar electrodes, two underwater and four surface fixed cameras, and an underwater force plate were used to evaluate the several phases of this turn. It was observed that the turn rotation phase was performed very close to the wall, imposing excessive lower limb joint flexions, and determining a too long contact phase. Those findings presented probable consequences upon the force curve, the pattern of muscular recruitment, and the velocity of the take-off the wall. However the trunk angle at the take-off the wall allowed a good position during the impulse phase. Therefore, this high level swimmer should improve these aspects in order to improve his performance.
Teunia siamensis f.a., sp. nov., a novel tremellaceous yeast species isolated from soil in a secondary peat swamp forest area (2020)

The strain DMKU-XD44, representing an anamorphic novel yeast species, was isolated from soil collected in a peat swamp forest (PSF) area in Rayong Botanical Garden in eastern Thailand. On the basis of sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, Teunia cuniculi CBS 10309 T was the most closely related species. The novel species differed from the T. cuniculi type by 2.5 % (14 nucleotide substitutions) in the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene and by 8.0 % (40 nucleotide substitutions) in the ITS region. The results of a phylogenetic analysis, based on the combined sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region, indicated that DMKU-XD44 represents a member of the Teunia clade in the Cryptococcaceae ( Tremellales , Tremellomycetes , Agaricomycotina and Basidiomycota ) and is phylogenetically distinct from other species of the genus Teunia in the clade. Therefore, DMKU-XD44 represents a novel species of the genus Teunia . The name Teunia siamensis f.a., sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype is DMKU-XD44, while the MycoBank number is MB 832816.
ALLOANTIGEN-UNRESPONSIVENESS RESULTS IN DEFECTS IN INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF THE IL-2 PROMOTER. (1999)

886 Intracellular signaling events that result in T cell unresponsiveness have been described in vitro, but the biochemical analysis of in vivo tolerance has been limited by a requirement for large numbers of clonally specific T cells. To clarify changes in intracellular signaling that characterize tolerance in vivo, we utilized mutant mice that express the alloantigen-specific TCR, 2C, as a transgene in >95% of peripheral T cells. The 2C TCR is restricted to Ld, a class I MHC molecule expressed in BALB/c (H-2d) mice. We have shown that 2C mice can be rendered unresponsive to BALB/c by injection of live lymphocytes. The unresponsive state is functionally characterized by diminished mixed lymphocyte responsiveness, diminished IL-2 and IFNγ production and prolonged vascularized BALB/c cardiac allograft survival. Biochemically, the unresponsive state is characterized by an alteration in tyrosine phosphorylation of critical TCR-mediated intracellular signals. Two early TCR-mediated intracellular signaling events, Lck activity and Zap-70 phosphorylation appeared to be affected. We now demonstrate additional biochemical features of the anergic state. A predominant finding of the unresponsive state is deficient activation of the ZAP-70 substrate LAT (linker for activation of T cells). Diminished LAT activity may provide the link between our observations on a biochemical level (deficient early TCR-mediated signals) and the absence of proliferation and the prolonged cardiac allograft survival. Further, we now demonstrate distinct in vivo phenotypic characteristics of the unresponsive T cells suggesting that the induced unresponsive is associated with T cell anergy, rather than peripheral or central deletion. The predominant cell surface findings are early expression of the activation antigens CD69 and CD25 and late, sustained CD44 expression. To further characterize the intracellular signaling pathways associated with T cell anergy in vivo, we are now analyzing IL-2 DNA enhancer elements. Preliminary data suggests that there may be differential DNA binding activity of several transcription factors. We are now confirming this data and further delineating the specificity of the induced TCR-mediated signaling defects in anergic T cells in vivo. A detailed understanding of induced intracellular signaling defects associated with T cell anergy is clearly crucial for the future development of selective interventions modulating T cell activation in organ transplantation.