gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adherence to public institutions that foster cooperation (2021)

Humans typically consider altruism a moral good and condition their social behavior on the moral reputations of others. Indirect reciprocity explains how social norms and reputations support cooperation: individuals cooperate with others who are considered good. Indirect reciprocity works when an institution monitors and publicly broadcasts moral reputations. Here we develop a theory of adherence to public monitoring in societies where individuals are, at first, independently responsible for evaluating the reputations of their peers. Using a mathematical model, we show that adherence to an institution of moral assessment can evolve and promote cooperation under four different social norms, including norms that previous studies found to perform poorly. We determine how an institution's size and its degree of tolerance towards anti-social behavior affect the rate of cooperation. Public monitoring serves to eliminate disagreements about reputations, which increases cooperation and payoffs, so that adherence evolves by social contagion and remains robust against displacement.
The effect of maternal ethanol intoxication on fetal cardiotocography: a report of four cases (1986)

Fetal cardiotocography revealed no or poor variability and no reactivity to fetal movements and or external stimuli in four drunken women. This was taken as a sign of fetal hypoxia in one patient and led to emergency caesarean section although, the infant was not hypoxic. In the other three patients, cardiotocography normalized within 11-14 h when the mothers became sober.
Activation of the Enzymic Activity of Hepatic Lipase by Apolipoprotein A‐II (1983)

Human post‐heparin plasma contains two major lipases, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. Lipoprotein lipase has been investigated extensively and in the presence of a specific activator, apolipoprotein C‐II, is of major importance in modulating the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein particles in plasma. The metabolic function and regulation of hepatic lipase is less well established. We have reported previously that apolipoprotein A‐II(apoA‐II) in vitro increased the activity of hepatic lipase by 3.6‐fold [Jahn et al. (1981) FEBS Lett. 131 , 366–368]. We have extended these studies and report here the effects of normal plasma, very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) and apolipoproteins A‐I, A‐II, C‐I, C‐II and C‐III on hepatic lipase enzymic activity. Normal plasma and HDL activated hepatic lipase by 255 ± 53% (n = 9) and 288 ± 55% (n = 7) respectively, whereas VLDL inhibited hepatic lipase to 25% and LDL did not affect hepatic lipase enzymic activity (n = 7). Isolated apoA‐I, apoC‐I, apoC‐II, and apoC‐III inhibited hepatic lipase enzymic activity to 25 ± 8% (n = 5), 25 ± 15% (n = 5), 23 ± 7% (n = 5) and 13 ± 10% (n = 5) of the basal level. ApoA‐II recombined with HDL lipids activated by 273 ± 42% (n = 5) whereas apoC‐III recombined with HDL lipids inhibited hepatic lipase to 30% of basal activity. Activation of hepatic lipase by apoA‐II was dependent on temperature and pH, with maximal activation (5.75‐fold over basal levels) occurring at pH 7.5 and 37°C. The addition of lipid‐free apoA‐II 10 min after the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol by hepatic lipase had begun resulted in an increase in rate from 1.9 nmol min −1 ml −1 to 7.0 nmol min −1 ml −1 . The rate observed by the addition of apoA‐II before the start of the reaction was 9.5 nmol min −1 ml −1 . These results are consistent with the concept that apoA‐II modulates the enzymic activity of hepatic lipase, and may play a role in vivo in the regulation of hepatic lipase activity and HDL lipoprotein metabolism.
Nanoengineered Catalyst Particles as a Key for Tailor-Made Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Independent control of density and diameter of carbon nanotubes (CNT) is achieved by catalytic growth from iron nanoparticles pre-defined by inert gas condensation. This two-stage process offers the opportunity to investigate the particles prior to the CNT growth, thereby providing deeper insight into the growth mechanisms. The intimate correlation between particle and CNT diameters at particle densities, where interparticle coalescence is unavoidable, points to the nucleation of CNT setting in prior to this coalescence process.
Unbiased Gradient Estimation with Balanced Assignments for Mixtures of\n Experts (2021)

Training large-scale mixture of experts models efficiently on modern hardware\nrequires assigning datapoints in a batch to different experts, each with a\nlimited capacity. Recently proposed assignment procedures lack a probabilistic\ninterpretation and use biased estimators for training. As an alternative, we\npropose two unbiased estimators based on principled stochastic assignment\nprocedures: one that skips datapoints which exceed expert capacity, and one\nthat samples perfectly balanced assignments using an extension of the\nGumbel-Matching distribution [29]. Both estimators are unbiased, as they\ncorrect for the used sampling procedure. On a toy experiment, we find the\n`skip'-estimator is more effective than the balanced sampling one, and both are\nmore robust in solving the task than biased alternatives.\n
Xanthine derivatives: comparison between suppression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. (1993)

Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated suppression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis by pentoxifylline. In the present study we compared the effect of pentoxifylline with that of five other xanthine derivatives. We addressed two questions. First, what is the relative potency of those chemically related compounds in suppressing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-alpha in human mononuclear cells? Second, does suppression of TNF-alpha production by these xanthine derivatives correlate with their capacity to inhibit 3',5'-cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity? The experimental drug A 80 2715 [1-(5-hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)-3-methyl-7-propylxanthine] was identified as the most potent agent with an IC50 (concentration exerting 50% suppression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production) of 41 microM (mean of 13 individuals). The IC50 values of the other substances ranged between 106 microM for HWA 138 and 419 microM for theophylline. The LPS-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) production was not influenced by all substances tested at comparable concentrations. Inhibition of PDE activity was determined in a cell-free system using PDE isolated from bovine heart. All xanthine derivatives dose-dependently inhibited PDE activity. Furthermore, with the exception of theophylline, there was a high degree of correlation between the potency to suppress TNF-alpha production in the cell culture system and the potency to inhibit PDE activity in the cell-free enzymatic assay. This argues for a crucial role of PDE inhibition in the suppression of TNF-alpha synthesis by xanthine derivatives.
Apropiación y expropiación de músicas nacionales: Los Samurai del joropo (2018)

The appearance in 2012 of some videos in the Estudiantina Komaba channel on YouTube, where we see students from the University of Tokyo performing Venezuelan popular music, executed proficiently in native instruments such as cuatro, harp, maracas and bandola, caused a deep impression in the country, unleashing a series of comments in the media as well as social networks. In this paper we are interested in examining the discourses and arguments people use to justify the exclusivity of the musical manifestations they consider native to their culture, and their astonishment and perplexity with the ability others show to emulate the music they feel belongs to them. In this specific case, the immediacy offered by social networks allows the possibility of observing the phenomenon practically in real time, documenting how these changes and transformations influence deeply the sensibilities of persons and communities. We will try a discursive analysis of the electronic commentaries and the dialogue that arise in the Estudiantina Kobama Youtube’s website, concentrating specifically on topics such as the identity, the nationalism, the autochthonous, the local and the global culture, and the appropriation of cultural assets.
ChemInform Abstract: The Trifluoroethylamine Function as Peptide Bond Replacement: New Developments and Findings (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An ac bridge readout for bolometric detectors (1988)

The authors have developed a bolometer readout circuit which greatly improves the low-frequency stability of bolometric detectors. The circuit uses an AC bias voltage and two matched bolometers and allows stable DC bolometer operation for integration times >or=10 s. In astronomical applications the readout allows for qualitatively different observation modes (e.g. staring or slow-drift scanning) which are particularly well suited for space observations and for the use of arrays. In many applications the readout can increase sensitivity. The authors present noise spectra for /sup 4/He temperature bolometers with no excess noise at frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz. The measured optical responsivity of a bolometer operated with the present readout is the same as that of a bolometer operated with a conventional readout. >
Stem cell origins of JMML (2021)

In this issue of JEM, Louka et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180853) report that leukemia stem cells lie within the phenotypic hematopoietic stem cell and progenitor cell compartments in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Furthermore, they identify several candidate biomarker/therapeutic targets, such as CD96 and SLC2A1, that are of translational significance in JMML.
Production Data Analysis in Eagle Ford Shale Gas Reservoir (2012)

Abstract Eagle Ford shale in South Texas is one of the recent shale play in US which the development began in late 2008. So far many horizontal wells have been drilled and put into production using hydraulic fracturing. Production behaviour in shale gas reservoirs unlike conventional reservoirs is different in various plays and there are no published reports for production data analysis in Eagle Ford shale. We have used the linear dual porosity type curve analysis technology to analyse the production behaviour and to estimate the essential parameters for this reservoir. This type curve was constructed based on transient production rate with constant well pressure in a closed boundary of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) with double porosity approach. In order to analyse the early production data we used Bello’s and Nobakht’s approach to account for apparent skin. In this study, three flow regimes were identified consisting of 1-bilinear flow; 2-matrix linear flow; and 3-boundary dominated flow. For the analysis of early flow regime, two possibilities of transition flow and apparent skin have been considered. First, the fracture permeability was estimated to be around 820 nano Darcy based on transition flow analysis. Second, the matrix permeability was estimated to be either 181 or 255 nano Darcy based on two different approaches in matrix linear flow regime. Furthermore, original gas in place (OGIP) and SRV were estimated from the boundary dominated flow regime. To validate the estimated matrix permeability, a single porosity numerical model with high permeability transverse fractures was built to match the production history. The permeability from simulation was in a good agreement with type curve analysis. Production forecasting has also been carried out using different adsorption isotherms. The results showed that the effect of desorption depends on the reservoir pressure and the shape of adsorption isotherm curve. In early time of production, desorption is usually not effective, however, for long-term production forecasting, it is necessary to account for this phenomenon by providing an accurate isotherm.
An anti-jamming algorithm using wavelet packet modulated spread spectrum (2003)

In this paper, a novel wavelet packet modulated direct sequence spread spectrum system is introduced, and an anti-jamming algorithm is also developed to suppress narrow band jamming signals. According to the time series theory, Fisher's test can detect the hidden sinusoids in an AWGN environment, which give us a clue to detect the jamming signal. We generalize this algorithm so that we can detect the hidden wavelet packet components in an AWGN environment. The normalized energy distribution of the wavelet packet transformed signal is derived, a threshold is determined and the jamming signal is excised. Jamming signals with different strength and different bandwidth are investigated. Based on the simulation results, the generalized Fisher's test can effectively suppress interference in wide ranges.
Sodium-Facilitated Hypervolemia, Endurance Performance, and Thermoregulation (2005)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an immediate pre-exercise, orally ingested, sodium load (164 mEq Na+) (IPOSL), equivalent to 10 ml per kilogram of body weight, on plasma volume, endurance performance, and thermoregulation. Fourteen male participants consumed a nearly isotonic (255 mOsm . kg (-1)) IPOSL and a hypotonic (94 mOsm . kg (-1)), no-sodium, placebo beverage (Pl) equivalent to 10 ml . kg (-1) body weight in a randomized design. Subjects cycled at 70 % of maximal work rate, in a 21.0 - 23.3 degrees C lab, for 45 min while cardiovascular and thermoregulatory variables were measured. This was followed by a 15-min performance time trial. IPOSL and Pl ingestion lead to a 3.1 % expansion and a 4.7 % reduction in resting baseline plasma volume, respectively. IPOSL maintained plasma volume during exercise to a greater extent than the Pl at 15 and 30, but not 45 min. There was a significant improvement ( approximately 7.8 %; p < 0.05) in time trial performance following IPOSL. No significant differences were observed for heart rate, core temperature, rate of perceived exertion or total body sweat rate (p > 0.05). In conclusion, IPOSL ingestion increased pre-exercise plasma volumes, maintained 15- and 30-min exercise plasma volumes, and improved an endurance performance time trial better than the Pl with no apparent compromise in thermoregulation.
On Web user tracking: How third-party http requests track users' browsing patterns for personalised advertising (2016)

On today's Web, users trade access to their private data for content and services. Advertising sustains the business model of many websites and applications. Efficient and successful advertising relies on predicting users' actions and tastes to suggest a range of products to buy. It follows that, while surfing the Web users leave traces regarding their identity in the form of activity patterns and unstructured data. We analyse how advertising networks build user footprints and how the suggested advertising reacts to changes in the user behaviour.
Time-dependent density functional theory molecular dynamics simulation of doubly charged uracil in gas phase (2014)

Abstract We use time-dependent density functional theory and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics methods to investigate the fragmentation of doubly ionized uracil in gas phase. Different initial electronic excited states of the dication are obtained by removing electrons from different inner-shell orbitals of the neutral species. We show that shape-equivalent orbitals lead to very different fragmentation patterns revealing the importance of the intramolecular chemical environment. The results are in good agreement with ionion coincidence measurements of uracil collision with 100 keV protons.
AUV Path Planning for Target Search Using Bioinspired Neural Network (2020)

The bio-inspired neural network is utilized and improved to solve the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) path planning problem for target search mission in ocean environment. First, the standard model of Glasius bio-inspired neural network (GBNN) is constructed to reflect the characteristics of the searching region. The activity value of each neuron is updated by the value propagation among neighbors, as well as the stimulus of itself from the detection reward and the constraint of obstacle avoidance. On the basis of activity distribution, the AUV' s next waypoint is chosen greedily. Second, the standard GBNN is modified to further enhance the searching efficiency. The connection weight between neighbor neurons is modified by the voyage time considering ocean current. The future reward attracted from all the areas with peak probability is introduced into the neuron activity. In addition, when multiple AUVs perform the search mission, the whole region can be divided into parts with the same size by the Voronoi diagrams. The simulation results demonstrate the high efficiency and strong robustness of our method.
Genomic and proteomic analysis of the myeloid differentiation program (2001)

Although the mature neutrophil is one of the better characterized mammalian cell types, the mechanisms of myeloid differentiation are incompletely understood at the molecular level. A mouse promyelocytic cell line (MPRO), derived from murine bone marrow cells and arrested developmentally by a dominant-negative retinoic acid receptor, morphologically differentiates to mature neutrophils in the presence of 10 microM retinoic acid. An extensive catalog was prepared of the gene expression changes that occur during morphologic maturation. To do this, 3'-end differential display, oligonucleotide chip array hybridization, and 2-dimensional protein electrophoresis were used. A large number of genes whose mRNA levels are modulated during differentiation of MPRO cells were identified. The results suggest the involvement of several transcription regulatory factors not previously implicated in this process, but they also emphasize the importance of events other than the production of new transcription factors. Furthermore, gene expression patterns were compared at the level of mRNA and protein, and the correlation between 2 parameters was studied. (Blood. 2001;98:513-524)
Uncatalyzed Reaction of Silyl Ketene Acetals with Oxalyl Chloride:  A Straightforward Preparation of Symmetrical Pulvinic Acids (2005)

[reaction: see text] Several natural pulvinic acids were synthesized. Silyl ketene acetals derived from methyl arylacetates (4 equiv) reacted with oxalyl chloride at -78 degrees C, without the need of adding a catalyst. After treatment of the crude diketones with DBU and acidification with hydrochloric acid, symmetrical pulvinic acids methyl esters were obtained. Saponification of the methyl esters afforded the corresponding pulvinic acids in 60-70% overall yields from oxalyl chloride.
Quasiparticle scattering in type-II Weyl semimetal MoTe2 (2018)

The electronic structure of type-II Weyl semimetal molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe<sub>2</sub>) is studied by using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. Through measuring energy-dependent quasiparticle interference (QPI) patterns with a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope, several characteristic features are found in the QPI patterns. Two of them arise from the Weyl semimetal nature; one is the topological Fermi arc surface state and the other can be assigned to be a Weyl point. The remaining structures are derived from the scatterings relevant to the bulk electronic states. The findings lead to further understanding of the topological electronic structure of type-II Weyl semimetal MoTe<sub>2</sub>.
Further study on dammarane-type saponins of roots, leaves, flower-buds, and fruits of Panax giinseng C.A. Meyer. (1979)

New saponins, named ginsenosides-Rh1 (11) and -M7cd (17) were isolated from roots and flower-buds of Ginseng, repectively. Structures of 11 and 17 were established as 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of 20 (S) -protopanaxatriol and 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of dammar-25-ene-3β, 6α, 12β, 20 (S), 24ξ-pentaol, respectively by means of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as their preparations from the known saponins. Further isolation and identification of the following dammarane-type saponins from the aerial parts of Ginseng were also reported : ginsenosides-Rb1 (1), -Rb2 (2), -Rc (4) from the leaves ; 1, 2, 4, and ginsenoside-F3 (15) from the flower-buds, and 2, 4, ginsenosides-Rd (5), -Re (6), and -Rg1 (8) from the fruits. As shown in Table II, isolation of these biologically active saponins in relatively high yields indicated the significance of the aerial parts of Ginseng as the good medicinal sources.
Polyglot speech prosody control (2009)

Within a polyglot text-to-speech synthesis system, the generation of an adequate prosody for mixed-lingual texts, sentences, or even words, requires a polyglot prosody model that is able to seamlessly switch between languages and that applies the same voice for all languages. This paper presents the first polyglot prosody model that fulfills these requirements and that is constructed from independent monolingual prosody models. A perceptual evaluation showed that the synthetic polyglot prosody of about 82% of German and French mixed-lingual test sentences cannot be distinguished from natural polyglot prosody. Index Terms: mixed-lingual, polyglot, speech synthesis, prosody control, neural networks, ensemble models
Recessive Twinkle mutations in early onset encephalopathy with mtDNA depletion (2007)

Twinkle is a mitochondrial replicative helicase, the mutations of which have been associated with autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO), and recessively inherited infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia (IOSCA). We report here a new phenotype in two siblings with compound heterozygous Twinkle mutations (A318T and Y508C), characterized by severe early onset encephalopathy and signs of liver involvement. The clinical manifestations included hypotonia, athetosis, sensory neuropathy, ataxia, hearing deficit, ophthalmoplegia, intractable epilepsy and elevation of serum transaminases. The liver showed mtDNA depletion, whereas the muscle mtDNA was only slightly affected. Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome has previously been associated with mutations of polymerase gamma, a replicative polymerase of mtDNA. We show here that recessive mutations of the close functional partner of the polymerase, the Twinkle helicase, can also manifest as early encephalopathy with liver involvement, a phenotype reminiscent of Alpers syndrome, and are a new genetic cause underlying tissue-specific mtDNA depletion.
Automatic extraction of physiological features from vibro-acoustic heart signals: correlation with echo-doppler (2005)

The mechanical processes within the cardiovascular system produce low-frequency vibrations and sounds. These vibro-acoustic signals carry valuable physiological information that can be potentially used for cardiac monitoring. In this work, heart sounds, apical pulse, and arterial pulse signals were simultaneously acquired, along with electrocardiogram and echo-Doppler audio signals. Processing algorithms were developed to extract temporal and morphological feature from the signals. Spectral analysis was used to reconstruct the Doppler sonograms and estimate reference values. A good agreement was observed between systolic and diastolic time intervals estimated by both methods. Strong beat-to-beat correlations were shown both in rest and during pharmacological stress test. The results demonstrate the technological and medical feasibility of using automatic analysis of vibro-acoustic heart signals for continuous non-invasive monitoring of cardiac functionality