gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test generation for iterative logic arrays based on an N-cube of cell states model (1991)

The authors present a novel approach to the test generation problem for a more general class of two-dimensional iterative logic arrays (ILAs) than considered by previous researchers. For certain ILAs it is possible to find a test set whose size remains fixed irrespective of the size of the ILA, while for others it varies with array size. Given an arbitrary ILA cell truth table and a cell interconnection structure, the goal is to determine if a fixed-size test can be found. If not, then a test set whose size grows as slowly as possible with the size of the array should be found. The authors propose a new model, called the n-cube of cell states model, for representing the cell truth table and interconnection structure. The test generation problem is shown to be related to certain properties of cycles in a set of graphs obtained from this model. By careful analysis of these cycles, efficient testing schedules can be obtained. The proposed technique can be applied to unilateral as well as regular bilateral ILAs in which the bilateral direction of signal flow are restricted to lie along the horizontal axis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effect of microstructure on the hydrogen ductilisation process (HyDP) for NdFeB alloys (2021)

Previously, the authors have shown that it is possible to make the normally brittle NdFeB alloys ductile at room temperature utilising the high temperature solid Hydrogenation-Disproportionation (s-HD) reaction, which produces a mixture of α-Fe, NdH2 and Fe2B. This mixture can be deformed at room temperature and recombined, under vacuum at elevated temperatures, to form a submicron Nd2Fe14B grain structure, with a degree of anisotropy relative to the load applied, and this has been termed the “Hydrogen Ductilisation Process HyDP”.<br/><br/>However, in previous works was the degree of ductility was limited by presence of the minority NdFe4B4 phase, and the redistribution of Nd-rich phase during recombination caused cavitation in the final microstructure, reducing the density.<br/><br/>The work presented here investigates the variations in mechanical behaviour in the ductile condition for various different disproportionated microstructures. The investigation showed that there was a significant difference in the ductile behaviour between coarse and finely disproportionated microstructures.
A Plain Language Summary on Ritlecitinib Treatment for Adults and Adolescents with Alopecia Areata (2023)

Ritlecitinib was an effective and well-tolerated treatment over 48 weeks for people with AA. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> NCT03732807 (phase 2b/3 ALLEGRO study).
Content Distribution in VANETs Using Network Coding: The Effect of Disk I/O and Processing O/H (2008)

Besides safe navigation (e.g., warning of approaching vehicles), car to car communications will enable a host of new applications, ranging from offlce-on-the-wheel support to entertainment. One of the most promising applications is content distribution among drivers such as multi-media files and software updates. Content distribution in vehicular networks is a challenge due to network dynamics and high mobility, yet network coding was shown to efficiently handle such dynamics and to considerably enhance performance. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of implementation issues of network coding in vehicular networks. To this end, we consider general resource constraints (e.g., CPU, disk, memory) besides bandwidth, that are likely to impact the encoding and storage management operations required by network coding. We develop an abstract model of the network coding procedures and implement it in the wireless network simulator to evaluate the impact of limited resources. We then propose schemes that considerably improve the use of such resources. Our model and extensive simulation results show that network coding parameters must be carefully configured by taking resource constraints into account.
Counting Shortest Two Disjoint Paths in Cubic Planar Graphs with an NC Algorithm (2018)

Given an undirected graph and two disjoint vertex pairs s_1,t_1 and s_2,t_2, the Shortest two disjoint paths problem (S2DP) asks for the minimum total length of two vertex disjoint paths connecting s_1 with t_1, and s_2 with t_2, respectively. We show that for cubic planar graphs there are NC algorithms, uniform circuits of polynomial size and polylogarithmic depth, that compute the S2DP and moreover also output the number of such minimum length path pairs. Previously, to the best of our knowledge, no deterministic polynomial time algorithm was known for S2DP in cubic planar graphs with arbitrary placement of the terminals. In contrast, the randomized polynomial time algorithm by Björklund and Husfeldt, ICALP 2014, for general graphs is much slower, is serial in nature, and cannot count the solutions. Our results are built on an approach by Hirai and Namba, Algorithmica 2017, for a generalisation of S2DP, and fast algorithms for counting perfect matchings in planar graphs.
Full Two-Dimensional Markov Chain Analysis of Thermal Soft Errors in Subthreshold Nanoscale CMOS Devices (2010)

Thermally induced fluctuations in the logic state of a simple flip-flop occur on a timescale that renders them impossible to simulate through Monte Carlo methods. In a previous work, an analytical framework based on Markov chains and queue theory was introduced along with a symbolic solution for a truncated 1-D queue, diagonally connecting the two stable logic states in a two-dimensional (2-D) queue. In this paper, a complete solution for a full 2-D queue is presented, which maps all the possible thermal noise fluctuations of electron populations in flip-flop inverters. The results for the mean time to thermally induced error confirm the estimates given by truncated approximations. This formalism is also capable of computing arbitrary probability moments as well as steady-state distributions and transient behavior of the system. The full 2-D queue can also capture the statistics of other noise sources, like radiation-induced charge generation where the flip-flop can transiently reside in a queue state far from the diagonal connecting the two stable logic states of a flip-flop.
Polymer gel light-emitting devices (1999)

Polymers can be processed into several forms such as solid films, solutions, and gels. Traditional conjugated polymer electroluminescent devices are thin film, solid-state devices consisting of a thin polymer film sandwiched between two electrodes. Recently, a light-emitting device based on polymer solutions has been demonstrated. In this letter, we report the generation of luminescence from a polymer gel in a compact cell configuration. This unique polymer gel light-emitting device (GLED) consists of a thin layer of a polymer gel sandwiched between two electrode/glass substrates. The emission spectrum is consistent with the photoluminescence spectrum obtained from the polymer gel. The device shows an operating mechanism similar to the electrogenerated chemiluminescence.
RAPD typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a 7-year experience in a Polish hospital. (2007)

It was confirmed that MRSA infections may be easily spread throughout a hospital and that the introduction of a surveillance program implemented with control procedures is sufficient to restrict serious problems such as an MRSA epidemic.
Conceptual Design and Characteristic Analysis of a Superconducting Motor using Iron Cores in the Field (2008)

This paper deals with the conceptual design and characteristic analysis of core type superconducting motor using iron cores in the field. As the objective function of conceptual design, the flux quantity per pole is selected. In order to reduce the quantity of superconductors, the variations of flux quantity per pole by changing the design variables and area are investigated. Finally, the quantity of superconductors between air-cored and core type superconducting motor is compared under the same motor capacity. In addition, the dimensions and volumes of motors are compared.
The Impact of Abstract vs. Concrete Feedback Design on Behavior Insights from a Large Eco-Driving Field Experiment (2018)

About 17% of the worldwide CO2-emissions can be ascribed to road transportation. Using information systems (IS)-enabled feedback has shown to be very efficient in promoting a less fuel-consuming driving style. Today, in-car IS that provide feedback on driving behavior are in the midst of a fundamental change. Increasing digitalization of in-car IS enables virtually any kind of feedback. Still, we see a gap in the empirical evidence on how to leverage this potential, raising questions on future HCI-based feedback design. To address this knowledge gap, we designed an eco-driving feedback IS and, building upon construal level theory, hypothesize that abstract feedback is more effective in reducing fuel consumption than concrete feedback. Deployed in a large field experiment with 56 participants covering over 297,000km, we provide first empirical evidence that supports this hypothesis. Despite its limitations, this research may have general implications for the design of real-time feedback.
A RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF ANTI-TAC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY IN HUMAN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (1991)

Patient entry is now complete in a prospective trial of anti-Tac, a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody directed against the p55 chain of the human IL-2 receptor, for the prevention of renal allograft rejection. Recipients of primary cadaver allografts were randomized to receive either anti-Tac (20 mg q.d. ± 10 days beginning POD 1) plus low-dose CsA (4 mg/kg/day), azathioprine (2 mg/ kg/day), and prednisone (30 mg q.d.), or conventional triple therapy with CsA (8 mg/kg/day), azathioprine, and prednisone. Forty patients were entered in each group, with current followup from 6 to 26 months. The results show a significant reduction in early rejection episodes in the anti-Tac–treated patients. During the 10-day treatment, 5 of 40 anti-Tac patients had rejection episodes, compared with 21 of 40 control patients (P<0.001). Anti-Tac significantly delayed the time to the first rejection (12.5±6.3 vs. 7.6±6.7 days) (P<0.05). Despite these effects, there were no differences in either actual or actuarial graft or patient survival between the two groups. Pneumonia, primarily CMV, developed in 5 treated and 4 control patients. In patients with functioning grafts mean serum creatinine at 3 months was 1.8±0.7 in the anti-Tac group and 2.0±0.8 in the control group (P=NS); at 12 months the values were 2.3±1.5 and 1.8±0.5, respectively (P=NS). The peak expression of IL-2 receptors on circulating T-cells was significantly lower in anti-Tac patients (15.1±3.6%) than in controls (21.9±4.5%) (P<0.05). Seven of 10 patients tested to date developed antimouse immunoglobulin antibodies, with antiidiotype shown in 6. These antibodies do not preclude subsequent treatment with OKT3. Five patients in this and previous anti-Tac protocols have received OKT3 for acute rejection despite known pretreatment antimouse antibodies, with resolution of rejection in all cases.
Maintenance of broadband detection in photonic time-stretched coherent radar employing phase diversity (2019)

Frequency response fluctuation in a radar system distorts the envelope of the output signal after matched filtering, thereby impairing its broadband detection performance. Simulations are made under various types and degrees of fluctuation. The results prove that the peak power and range resolution of broadband detection suffer different levels of deterioration. Moreover, simulation results also show that two outputs with orthogonal phase diversity have complementary variation trends and their combination can effectively enhance the broadband detection performance. Based on theoretical analysis, we employ the combination of two orthogonal phase diversity to achieve broadband detection in the photonic time-stretched coherent radar. Compared with using an ordinary modulator, a dual-output-Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based system makes the dispersion-penalty-induced frequency response fluctuation decrease by 9.7 dB. For single target detection, the peak power is increased by 6.7 dB and the range resolution is improved from 8.4 cm to 4.8 cm. For two-target detection, a 6-cm spatial interval is distinguished reliably.
Developmental abnormalities in mouse embryos lacking the HDL receptor SR-BI (2012)

The srbi gene encodes a lipoprotein receptor with high affinity for high density lipoprotein that is mainly expressed in the liver and in steroidogenic tissues. Disruption of this gene in mice and mutations in humans lead to alterations in lipoprotein metabolism and/or fertility. During murine development, scavenger receptor class B member I (SR-BI) is present in the yolk sac and the placenta and is only expressed in the embryo itself late in gestation. In humans, it has been detected in trophoblast cells and placenta. Although the proportion of mice carrying a null mutation in SR-BI obtained from heterozygous intercrosses is lower than the expected by the Mendelian ratio, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in intrauterine development, the cause of this demise has remained unknown. In this work, we show that embryos lacking SR-BI exhibit a high prevalence of exencephaly with a sex bias toward females. Immunolocalization studies confirmed that SR-BI is not expressed in the embryo at early stages of development and allowed a more detailed description of its localization in the cells that mediate maternal-fetal transport of nutrients. SR-BI-null embryos contain less cholesterol than their wild-type littermates, suggesting the involvement of SR-BI in materno-fetal cholesterol transport. Newborn SR-BI-deficient pups exhibit intrauterine growth restriction, suggesting that this receptor is also important for fetal growth. Altogether, the results of our work suggest that the presence of SR-BI in extraembryonic tissues is involved in the maternal-fetal transport of cholesterol and/or other lipids with a role during neural tube closure and fetal growth.
Hyperthermia and Tumor Immunity (2021)

Thermal ablation is a cornerstone in the management of cancer patients. Typically, ablation procedures are performed for patients with a solitary or oligometastatic disease with the intention of eradicating all sites of the disease. Ablation has traditionally played a less prominent role for patients with a widely metastatic disease. For such patients, attempting to treat numerous sites of disease compounds potential risks without a clear clinical benefit and, as such, a compelling justification for performing an intervention that is unlikely to alter a patient's clinical trajectory is uncommon. However, the discovery of immune checkpoints and the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors have brought a new perspective to the relevance of local cancer therapies such as ablation for patients with a metastatic disease. It is becoming increasingly apparent that local cancer therapies can have systemic immune effects. Thus, in the new perspective of cancer care centered upon immunologic principles, there is a strong interest in exploring the utility of ablation for patients with a metastatic disease for its immunologic implications. In this review, we summarize the unmet clinical need for adjuvant interventions such as ablation to broaden the impact of systemic immunotherapies. We additionally highlight the extant preclinical and clinical data for the immunogenicity of common thermal ablation modalities.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Metastatic Disease: Transpedicular Access and Treatment of Lysed Pedicles—Initial Experience (2003)

For the treatment of lytic disease involving the pedicles of vertebrae in patients with metastatic disease, the authors performed percutaneous vertebroplasty by using an access route via the lysed pedicle. Fifty-one pedicles were treated in 32 consecutive patients. In all cases, a radiologically satisfactory filling of both the affected pedicle and the vertebral body was achieved. Clinically effective pain relief was obtained in 24 (75%) of 32 patients, and no clinical complications were observed.
Design and realization of magnetic actuators for optical matrix micro-switches (2003)

The research presented here deals with the design and the realization of matrix of copper microcoils as flat magnetic actuators for the actuation of optical matrix micro-switches. The matrix of micro-switches is composed by an array of vertical mirror supported by a silicon base. The bases are supported by springs connected to the frame of the matrix. The fixed optical fibers are inserted on the outer frame inside V-grooves. Due to the diameter of the light beam from optic fibers, large out-of-plane vertical displacements of the mirrors (more than 100 /spl mu/m) are to be achieved. This is compatible with large range electromagnetic actuation rather than electrostatic actuation. Earlier calculations performed under ANSYS/sup TM/ 5.6 showed that a magnetic force of about one milinewton is able to move the mirrors with such displacement range. Magnetic simulations have been performed under FLUX2D/sup TM/ in order to appraise some parameters in a real actuation configuration where the matrix of micro-coils is located below the matrix of micro-switches.
Aspergillus Polymerase Chain Reaction—An Update on Technical Recommendations, Clinical Applications, and Justification for Inclusion in the Second Revision of the EORTC/MSGERC Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease (2021)

Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction testing of blood and respiratory samples has recently been included in the second revision of the EORTC/MSGERC definitions for classifying invasive fungal disease. This is a result of considerable efforts to standardize methodology, the availability of commercial assays and external quality control programs, and additional clinical validation. This supporting article provides both clinical and technical justifications for its inclusion while also summarizing recent advances and likely future developments in the molecular diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis.
Recent Developments in Environmental Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants: The Case of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles—A Review (2015)

The presence of both organic and inorganic pollutants in water due to industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities has led to the global need for the development of new, improved, and advanced but effective technologies to effectively address the challenges of water quality. It is therefore necessary to develop a technology which would completely remove contaminants from contaminated waters. TiO 2 (titania) nanocatalysts have a proven potential to treat “difficult‐to‐remove” contaminants and thus are expected to play an important role in the remediation of environmental and pollution challenges. Titania nanoparticles are intended to be both supplementary and complementary to the present water‐treatment technologies through the destruction or transformation of hazardous chemical wastes to innocuous end‐products, that is, CO 2 and H 2 O. This paper therefore explores and summarizes recent efforts in the area of titania nanoparticle synthesis, modifications, and application of titania nanoparticles for water treatment purposes.
Tracking Revisited Using RGBD Camera: Unified Benchmark and Baselines (2013)

Despite significant progress, tracking is still considered to be a very challenging task. Recently, the increasing popularity of depth sensors has made it possible to obtain reliable depth easily. This may be a game changer for tracking, since depth can be used to prevent model drift and handle occlusion. We also observe that current tracking algorithms are mostly evaluated on a very small number of videos collected and annotated by different groups. The lack of a reasonable size and consistently constructed benchmark has prevented a persuasive comparison among different algorithms. In this paper, we construct a unified benchmark dataset of 100 RGBD videos with high diversity, propose different kinds of RGBD tracking algorithms using 2D or 3D model, and present a quantitative comparison of various algorithms with RGB or RGBD input. We aim to lay the foundation for further research in both RGB and RGBD tracking, and our benchmark is available at http://tracking.cs.princeton.edu.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Small interfering RNA library screen of human kinases and phosphatases identifies polo-like kinase 1 as a promising new target for the treatment of pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Small interfering RNA library screen of human kinases and phosphatases identifies polo-like kinase 1 as a promising new target for the treatment of pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas
Lead contact lens for crystalline lens shielding in electron therapy for eyelid tumors. (1996)

In radiotherapy for eyelid tumors, a sufficient dose is required in the target tissue while preserving the crystalline lens. A I-mm thick, 20-mm diameter lead contact lens was prepared for crystalline lens protection. The lens was coated with an acrylic polymer and weighted 5.5 g. Six MeV electron therapy was scheduled using a 10 mm bolus on the eyelid. A simulation experiment proved that 0.78 +/- 0.04 percent of the maximal eyelid dose was given at the crystalline lens portion. A total of 14 eyelids in eight patients with cutaneous lymphoma, angiosarcoma, or basal cell carcinoma were treated with the contact lens. No cataract was found after irradiation over an average period of 24.3 months. The combination of the lead contact lens, bolus, and 6 MeV electron beam was a simple procedure and provided adequate dose distribution in the treatment of various eyelid tumors.
Impact and efficiency of treatment across two PTSD clinical trials comparing in-person and telehealth service delivery formats. (2023)

The intent of this study is to examine treatment impact and efficiency observed when cognitive behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are delivered in-person or using telehealth. This study pooled data from 268 veterans enrolled in two PTSD clinical trials. In both trials, treatment was delivered using in-home telehealth (<i>telehealth</i> arm), in-home in-person (<i>in-home</i> arm), and in-office care, where patients traveled to the Department of Veterans Affairs for either office-based telehealth or office-based in-person care (<i>office</i> arm). Average age was 44 (<i>SD</i> = 12.57); 80.9% were males. The PTSD Checklist for <i>DSM-5</i> (PCL-5) was used to assess symptom severity. Treatment impact was measured by (a) the proportion of participants who completed at least eight treatment sessions and (b) the proportion with a reliable change of ≥ 10 points on the PCL-5. Treatment efficiency was measured by the number of days required to reach the end point. The proportion of participants who attended at least eight sessions and achieved reliable change on the PCL-5 differed across treatment formats (<i>p</i>s < .05). Participants in the in-home (75.4%) format were most likely to attend at least eight treatment sessions, followed by those in the telehealth (58.3%) and office (44.0%) formats, the latter of which required patients to travel. Participants in the in-home (68.3%, <i>p</i> < .001) format were also more likely to achieve reliable change, followed by those in the telehealth (50.9%) and office (44.2%) formats. There were no significant differences in the amount of time to complete at least eight sessions. Delivery of therapy in-home results in a significantly greater likelihood of achieving both an adequate dose of therapy and a reliable decrease in PTSD symptoms compared to telehealth and office formats. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).