gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Compressed Sensing for MR Imaging (2018)

Recently, compressed sensing, which allows for rapid MRI scanning using signal sparsity and random sampling, has been introduced as a method for routine clinical examinations. This article presents an overview of the implementation of compressed sensing on clinical scanners. In the first section, the purpose of this article and the motivation behind it are provided. In the second section, the practical implementation, including trajectories, reconstruction schemes, and algorithms, is reviewed. Clinically available applications that use compressed sensing techniques in clinical scanners are introduced in the third section. Finally, challenges and future prospects of the technology are discussed.
AKTUELLE ENTWICKLUNG DER VERKEHRSMOBILITAET IN DER SCHWEIZ - VERGLEICHENDE ANALYSE DER MIKROZENSEN 1984 UND 1989 (1993)

Durch eine Ausweitung des Mikrozensus Verkehr 1989 (MZ 89) ist der aktuelle Zustand der Verkehrsmobilitaet in der Schweiz umfassend und detailliert zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse sind mit den entsprechenden Ergebnissen 1984 (MZ 84) zu vergleichen, um Aufschluss zu erhalten ueber die zeitliche Stabilitaet beziehungsweise Veraenderungen von Verhaltensweisen im Mobilitaetsbereich. Eine direkte Vergleichbarkeit dieser Erhebungsdaten war aber - wie eingehende Abklaerungen ergaben - nicht moeglich, auch unter Beruecksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Erhebungszeitraeume (groesserer Anteil Ferienzeit im MZ 89) und der abweichenden Fragebogengestaltung (1984 7 Wege, 1989 5 Wege pro Bogen). Der Rueckgang der Anzahl Wege pro mobiler Person zwischen 1984 und 1989 konnte nicht schluessig geklaert werden. Der oben dargelegte Befund erforderte eine Modifikation der urspruenglichen Zielsetzung dieser Forschungsarbeit, da ein Vergleich der absoluten Mobilitaetskennziffern unter diesen Umstaenden nicht moeglich war. Die Relationen zwischen Teilgesamtheit beziehungsweise Teilpopulationen und der Gesamtstichprobe werden durch die angefuehrten Unterschiede zwischen den Erhebungen jedoch nicht in gleichem Masse betroffen. Die Analysen nehmen deshalb nur selten bezug auf absolute Werte, sondern zeigen die Veraenderungen anhand von relativen Unterschieden zwischen einzelnen Teilgruppen auf. Aufgrund einer in der Zwischenzeit durchgefuehrten und ausgewerteten Haushaltsbefragung fuer die Kantone Zuerich und Zug bezogen auf den Werktagsverkehr war es nachtraeglich moeglich, durch Vergleiche mit den beiden Mikrozensen 1984 und 1989 gewisse Aussagen zur Mobilitaetsentwicklung, das heisst zur Entwicklung der Aktivitaeten- und Wegehaeufigkeit in der Schweiz zu machen. Diese Erkenntnisse sind vorlaeufig noch recht pauschal, bringen jedoch erste interessante Erkenntnisse ueber die Entwicklung der Mobilitaet bezueglich Aktivitaeten- und Wegeketten. Unter IDS-Nummer 704153 beschriebene Forschungsarbeit. (A)
4D.10 (2015)

Objective: Changes in target organ lesions, even beyond reduction of blood pressure, have been shown to have predictive value. Destiffening of arterial damage seems to be possible but the mechanisms are still elusive. We report changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after one year of treatment in new diagnosed previously untreated, hypertensive patients. Design and method: We included in this longitudinal study 356 consecutive, never-treated patients with suspected hypertension. After standard clinical assessment, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), pulse wave analysis and PWV (Sphygmocor®, AtcorMedical), 231 showed elevated office and/or ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and received monotherapy treatment accordingly. 125 patients who showed to be normotensive, served as control group. Clinical assessment was repeated after a median of 1.1 years in the whole cohort. PWV was adjusted to BP. Results: In the whole group, 179 patients were female (50.3%), mean age was 48.8 ± 12years. The hypertensive diagnosed group tended to be older (50 vs. 46 years, p < 0,001) and had higher PWV even after mean BP adjustment (8.6 ± 2.0 vs. 8.0 ± 1.4 m/s, p < 0.001), higher baseline office, ambulatory and central BP (145/86, 136/86 and 138/87 mmHg vs. 125/75, 120/76 and 120/79, respectively, p < 0,001). After 1 year of treatment, BP was significantly improved only in the hypertensive group (follow-up office, ambulatory and central BP 128/75, 124/78, 121/79 mmHg, pintragroup < 0.001) and remained constant in the control group (126/74, 120/76, 120/80, pintragroup = ns). The reduction of central and peripheral systolic BP in the hypertensive group was of the same magnitude (−17 vs −17 mmHg, p = ns). PWV was significantly reduced in both groups even after BP adjustment, at follow-up they were similar between groups (7.8 vs. 7.7, p = ns). The reduction of adjusted PWV was significantly higher in the hypertensive group (Delta = 0.86 vs. 0,20 m/s, p = 0.001). There was no differential effect in PWV reduction depending on antihypertensive class, except for patients treated with nebivolol. Conclusions: Blood pressure reduction in newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertensive patients improves PWV within a year of treatment, confirming that rapid tight control of BP is important even in mild hypertensives. Of note, arterial destiffening seems to go beyond BP reductions.
Influence of Fouling Biofilms on Heat Transfer (1981)

In heat exchange equipment, fouling biofilm formation causes a significant energy loss by increasing heat transfer resistance. This paper describes experiments which quantify the influence of fouling biofilms on heat transfer resistance under controlled laboratory conditions. Experimental results compare well with a rather simple mathematical model employing friction factor, biofilm thickness, wall temperature, bulk temperature, and fluid properties as inputs. Limitations of the experimental apparatus and mathematical model are discussed
Sequences of complete human cytomegalovirus genomes from infected cell cultures and clinical specimens (2009)

We have assessed two approaches to sequencing complete human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genomes (236 kbp) in DNA extracted from infected cell cultures (strains 3157, HAN13, HAN20 and HAN38) or clinical specimens (strains JP and 3301). The first approach involved amplifying genomes from the DNA samples as overlapping PCR products, sequencing these by the Sanger method, acquiring reads from a capillary instrument and assembling these using the Staden programs. The second approach involved generating sequence data from the DNA samples by using an Illumina Genome Analyzer (IGA), processing the filtered reads by reference-independent (de novo) assembly, utilizing the resulting sequence to direct reference-dependent assembly of the same data and finishing by limited PCR sequencing. Both approaches were successful. In particular, the investigation demonstrated the utility of IGA data for efficiently sequencing genomes from clinical samples containing as little as 3 % HCMV DNA. Analysis of the genome sequences obtained showed that each of the strains grown in cell culture was a mutant. Certain of the mutations were shared among strains from independent clinical sources, thus suggesting that they may have arisen in a common ancestor during natural infection. Moreover, one of the strains (JP) sequenced directly from a clinical specimen was mutated in two genes, one of which encodes a proposed immune-evasion function, viral interleukin-10. These observations imply that HCMV mutants exist in human infections.
Nonenhancing Leptomeningeal Metastases (2015)

The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) has increased in frequency, as new therapies have lengthened the survival of patients with cancer. Early diagnosis and intervention help improve quality of life and prevent further neurological deterioration in LM. The detection of LM is often established by magnetic resonance imaging examinations, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or both. We present a series of cases where LM was identified on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery or T2-weighted image but was nonenhancing on the traditionally more sensitive postcontrast T1-weighted sequences. Nonenhancing LM is unusual and not yet fully understood but should be considered in the appropriate clinical context and may become more common with increased utilization of antiangiogenic therapies.
Three new species in the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex: Saccharomyces cariocanus, Saccharomyces kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces mikatae. (2000)

On the basis of genetic analysis, molecular karyotyping and sequence analyses of the 18S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, three new Saccharomyces species are described, Saccharomyces cariocanus (with type strain NCYC 2890T), Saccharomyces kudriavzevii (with type strain NCYC 2889T) and Saccharomyces mikatae (with type strain NCYC 2888T). Genetic and molecular analyses did not confirm the previously observed conspecificity of Saccharomyces paradoxus and S. cariocanus. The latter species exhibits postzygotic isolation from representative strains from all known geographical populations of S. paradoxus: European, Far-East Asian, North American and Hawaiian.
Effects of prostacyclin analogues in in vivo tumor models. (1991)

Much attention has recently focused on the role of tumor cell-platelet interaction in the metastatic cascade. Prostacyclin and stable prostacyclin analogues have been shown to inhibit specifically the formation of metastases in experimental tumor models. This action is based on their ability to reduce the attachment of tumor cells to platelets and to inhibit adhesion of tumor cells-platelet aggregates to the endothelial lining. To investigate the antimetastatic potential of two prostacyclin analogues (Iloprost and Eptaloprost, Schering AG), we have tested these compounds in the spontaneously metastasizing R 3327 MAT Lu prostate carcinoma of the Cop rat in two types of experiments. Treatment was performed for 33 days, starting one day before s.c. implantation of the tumor. The primary s.c.-implanted tumor remained in situ throughout the experiment. In the first test, Iloprost (0.3 micrograms/kg/min) and Eptaloprost (0.1 micrograms/kg/min) were administered via Alzet mini pumps s.c.. There was a considerable reduction of the number of visible lung metastases by Eptaloprost. In the second test, Eptaloprost was administered p.o. in doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg daily. The number of lung metastases was significantly reduced. Both compounds had no effect on the growth of the primary tumor in the first as well as in the second test. These data show that the prostacyclin analogue Eptaloprost has a significant antimetastatic activity in a spontaneously metastasizing tumor model and thus merits further investigation.
[Bone loss induced by GnRHa treatment in women]. (2003)

The hypoestrogenic state induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRHa) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis but to induce bone loss. The BMD significantly decreased from baseline(-4.9 +/- 2.5%, mean +/- SD) after 24 weeks of treatment of leuprolide acetate depot(p < 0.01), and remained significantly below the baseline(-3.4 +/- 2.7%, p < 0.01) at 12 months after the treatment period. To minimize bone loss without compromising efficacy, several investigators have sought to 'add-back' sex-steroid hormones or other bone-sparing agents. Unresolved issues from these studies include ideal regimens and whether the add-back therapy prevents bone loss without compromising efficacy. GnRHa plus oral bisphosphonate therapy prevents bone loss without deteriorating the therapeutic effect of GnRHa.
Characterization of Glyburide-Polyethylene Glycol Solid Dispersions (1996)

Glyburide (GLY) is an oral hypoglycemic agent that is poorly water soluble. Solid dispersions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, PEG 6000, and mixtures of PEG 4000 and 6000, were prepared by the melt-and-solvent method. Phase analysis was performed by x-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the nature of interaction in the solid state. The x-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the dispersion had an amorphous nature as compared to the crystalline drug. The melting endothermal point of GLY was eliminated in the dispersions of DSC thermograms. The results showed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the polymer. Also, formation of solid solution is apparent from the DSC thermograms.
Microscale thioacidolysis method for the rapid analysis of ^|^#946;-O-4 substructures in lignin (2012)

Thioacidolysis is a method to detect the β-O-4 substructures of lignin, and has been employed as a diagnostic test for the presence of lignin. However, the conventional thioacidolysis protocol is low-throughput and is a bottleneck in the characterization of lignins in a large number of samples such as transgenic lines. Recently, a rapid analysis protocol for thioacidolysis was reported. In this study, we modified mainly the work-up process. Our microscale protocol showed higher yields of thioacidolysis products than the conventional protocol.
The Localization and Action of Topoisomerase IV in Escherichia coli Chromosome Segregation Is Coordinated by the SMC Complex, MukBEF (2015)

The type II topoisomerase TopoIV, which has an essential role in Escherichia coli chromosome decatenation, interacts with MukBEF, an SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complex that acts in chromosome segregation. We have characterized the intracellular dynamics of individual TopoIV molecules and the consequences of their interaction with MukBEF clusters by using photoactivated-localization microscopy. We show that ~15 TopoIV molecules per cell are associated with MukBEF clusters that are preferentially localized to the replication origin region (ori), close to the long axis of the cell. A replication-dependent increase in the fraction of immobile molecules, together with a proposed catalytic cycle of ~1.8 s, is consistent with the majority of active TopoIV molecules catalyzing decatenation, with a minority maintaining steady-state DNA supercoiling. Finally, we show that the MukB-ParC interaction is crucial for timely decatenation and segregation of newly replicated ori DNA.
Stable haptic feedback generation for mid-air gesture interactions: a hidden Markov model-based motion synthesis approach (2019)

Generation of stable and realistic haptic feedback during mid-air gesture interactions have recently garnered significant research interest. However, the limitations of the sensing technologies such as unstable tracking, range limitations, nonuniform sampling duration, self occlusions, and motion recognition faults significantly distort motion based haptic feedback to a large extent. In this paper, we propose and implement a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based motion synthesis method to generate stable concurrent and terminal vibrotactile feedback. The system tracks human gestures during interaction and recreates smooth, synchronized motion data from detected HMM states. Four gestures—tapping, three-fingered zooming, vertical dragging, and horizontal dragging—were used in the study to evaluate the performance of the motion synthesis methodology. The reference motion curves and corresponding primitive motion elements to be synthesized for each gesture were obtained from multiple subjects at different interaction speeds by using a stable motion tracking sensor. Both objective and subjective evaluations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the motion synthesis model in controlling both concurrent and terminal vibrotactile feedback. Objective evaluation shows that synthesized motion data had a high correlation for shape and end-timings with the reference motion data compared to measured and moving average filtered data. The mean $$R^{2}$$ values for synthesized motion data was always greater than 0.7 even under unstable tracking conditions. The experimental results of subjective evaluation from nine subjects showed significant improvement in perceived synchronization of vibrotactile feedback based on synthesized motion.
Balancing Requirements For Customer Value Of Mobile Services (2004)

Designing business models for mobile services is a complex undertaking because it requires multiple actors to balance different design requirements. A business model can be seen as a blueprint of four interrelated components or domains: service, technology, organization and finance domain. Little attention has been paid to how these different domains are related to each other. This knowledge is needed to enhance our understanding of what constitutes a viable business model. In this paper the connections between two of these domains, namely service and technology domain, are explored by analysing critical design issues in business models for mobile services, i.e. targeting, creating value, branding and customer retention in the service domain, and security, quality of service, management of service profiles, system integration and accessibility in the technology domain. A causal framework is developed, which link these critical design issues to expected customer value and business model viability.
Purification of Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase from Influenza Virus Strain 3QB and Isolation of a Peptide from an Antigenic Region of Haemagglutinin (1980)

Methods were developed for the purification of the surface, membrane-bound glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus strain 3QB, in antigenically active forms. The methods employed in the purification included selective removal of the neuraminidase with the proteinase, bromelain, and subsequent disruption of the residual virus particle with the detergent Sarkosyl to release the haemagglutinin. Using techniques for proteolytic digestion of intact, native proteins an antigenically active peptide was isolated from the purified haemagglutinin, the surface glycoprotein against which the major antigenic response is directed. The amino acid composition of this peptide was determined. This was a 16-residue peptide with amino-terminal isoleucine and composition Ile1 Val1 Asx2 Thr1 Ser2 Glx2 Pro1 Gly3 Ala1 Leu1 Lys1.
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: From Their Discovery to Their Applications (2019)

It is generally thought that all enzyme-mediated reactions in biosynthetic pathways in living organisms occur in a medium that is basically composed of water or, eventually, lipids. However, an obvious question arises: how can organisms, which produce a broad range of primary and secondary metabolites, control the biosynthetic process and substrate transport in an aqueous or lipid medium, considering the often poor water and/or lipid solubility of these metabolites? Recently, it was found that mixtures of certain compounds in solid state that are abundant in all organisms, such as sugars, organic bases, and amino- and organic acids, can liquefy when coming in contact. This phenomenon occurs at specific molar ratios of the constituents, and the so-formed liquids have been named natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). They were shown to be highly selective solvents for all kinds of medium polar compounds that are poorly soluble in water and lipids. NADES are nontoxic, are environment-friendly, have a virtually zero vapor pressure, and are not flammable, making them powerful green solvents. At present, NADES are being extensively investigated as extraction solvents for various applications. However, considering the hypothetical roles of NADES in cellular systems, they should also have a potential as media for the preservation of biopolymers such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as a medium for enzymatic reactions. This paper describes some historical features of NADES and their predecessors, and some applications of NADES associated to small molecules, macromolecules, and enzymatic reactions.
Predicting Multicomponent Adsorption Isotherms in Open‐Metal Site Materials Using Force Field Calculations Based on Energy Decomposed Density Functional Theory (2016)

For the design of adsorptive-separation units, knowledge is required of the multicomponent adsorption behavior. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) breaks down for olefin adsorption in open-metal site (OMS) materials due to non-ideal donor-acceptor interactions. Using a density-function-theory-based energy decomposition scheme, we develop a physically justifiable classical force field that incorporates the missing orbital interactions using an appropriate functional form. Our first-principles derived force field shows greatly improved quantitative agreement with the inflection points, initial uptake, saturation capacity, and enthalpies of adsorption obtained from our in-house adsorption experiments. While IAST fails to make accurate predictions, our improved force field model is able to correctly predict the multicomponent behavior. Our approach is also transferable to other OMS structures, allowing the accurate study of their separation performances for olefins/paraffins and further mixtures involving complex donor-acceptor interactions.
PineSAP—sequence alignment and SNP identification pipeline (2009)

All code used for this pipeline is freely available at the Dendrome project website (http://dendrome.ucdavis.edu/adept2/resequencing.html)
Measurement of Friction Force in a High Vacuum. (2000)

Vacuum friction measurement system was developed in order to evaluate the sliding friction coefficient by changing load from 1.5 N to 0.98 mN, and changing pressure from 1×105 Pa to 1×10-8 Pa. The measurement was carried out on typical vacuum materials such as type 304 austenitic stainless steel which had been surface treated by chemical polishing, mechanical polishing, or electrochemical buffing. The measurement at the condition of the load less than 1 mN shows that surface adosrbate on the steels affects the friction force. However, the measurement at the condition of the pressure less 10-5 Pa shows that surface adosrbate does not affect the friction. The friction behavior in a vacuum seems to be affected by the vacuum environment.
Data Supplement from Adenosine Inhibits Tumor Cell Invasion via Receptor-Independent Mechanisms (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Apoptotic Activities of Wild-Type and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Mutant Presenilins in Drosophila melanogaster (1999)

Mutant human presenilins cause early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease and render cells susceptible to apoptosis in cultured cell models. We show that loss of presenilin function in Drosophila melanogaster increases levels of apoptosis in developing tissues. Moreover, overexpression of presenilin causes apoptotic and neurogenic phenotypes resembling those of Presenilin loss-of-function mutants, suggesting that presenilin exerts a dominant negative effect when expressed at high levels. In Drosophila S2 cells, Psn overexpression leads to reduced Notch receptor synthesis affecting levels of the intact approximately 300-kD precursor and its approximately 120-kD processed COOH-terminal derivatives. Presenilin-induced apoptosis is cell autonomous and can be blocked by constitutive Notch activation, suggesting that the increased cell death is due to a developmental mechanism that eliminates improperly specified cell types. We describe a genetic model in which the apoptotic activities of wild-type and mutant presenilins can be assessed, and we find that Alzheimer's disease-linked mutant presenilins are less effective at inducing apoptosis than wild-type presenilin.