gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphologic evidence that neurokinin B modulates gonadotropin‐releasing hormone secretion via neurokinin 3 receptors in the rat median eminence (2005)

Recent studies suggest that arcuate neurokinin B (NKB) neurons play a role in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion, but there is little information on the relationship between these neurons and the hypothalamic reproductive axis. In the present study, dual-label fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to visualize the relationship between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and either proNKB or NK3 receptor (NK3R) immunoreactivity. Immunocytochemistry was also combined with i.p. injections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer aminostilbamidine to determine whether arcuate neuroendocrine neurons expressed either proNKB or NK3R. A dense interweaving and close apposition of GnRH and proNKB-immunoreactive (ir) fibers was observed within the rat median eminence, where GnRH axons expressed NK3R immunoreactivity. These data provide morphological evidence that NKB neurons could influence GnRH secretion via interaction with NK3R in the rat median eminence. Colocalization of GnRH and NK3R was also identified in fiber tracts converging within the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. In contrast, only a small number (16%) of GnRH-ir somata exhibited NK3R staining. ProNKB and NK3R-ir somata were identified within the arcuate nucleus, but none of these neurons were labeled by aminostilbamidine. Thus, we found no evidence that arcuate NKB neurons project to the primary capillary plexus of the portal system. Arcuate neuroendocrine neurons, however, were surrounded and closely apposed by proNKB-ir puncta and fibers. These data suggest that NKB neurons could indirectly influence anterior pituitary function by inputs to arcuate neuroendocrine neurons, but through a receptor other than NK3R. Our results provide an anatomic framework for putative interactions between NKB neurons and the hypothalamic reproductive axis.
YAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 : a novel NLO crystal for frequency conversion to UV wavelengths (2008)

A new family of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals is presented for the generation of ultraviolet (UV) light by frequency conversion. Included in this family are REAl<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> with RE = Y, Lu and other rare earths. Phase matching properties of YAl<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (i.e., YAB) are described in detail.
Carbohydrates for training and competition (2011)

An athlete's carbohydrate intake can be judged by whether total daily intake and the timing of consumption in relation to exercise maintain adequate carbohydrate substrate for the muscle and central nervous system ("high carbohydrate availability") or whether carbohydrate fuel sources are limiting for the daily exercise programme ("low carbohydrate availability"). Carbohydrate availability is increased by consuming carbohydrate in the hours or days prior to the session, intake during exercise, and refuelling during recovery between sessions. This is important for the competition setting or for high-intensity training where optimal performance is desired. Carbohydrate intake during exercise should be scaled according to the characteristics of the event. During sustained high-intensity sports lasting ~1 h, small amounts of carbohydrate, including even mouth-rinsing, enhance performance via central nervous system effects. While 30-60 g · h(-1) is an appropriate target for sports of longer duration, events >2.5 h may benefit from higher intakes of up to 90 g · h(-1). Products containing special blends of different carbohydrates may maximize absorption of carbohydrate at such high rates. In real life, athletes undertake training sessions with varying carbohydrate availability. Whether implementing additional "train-low" strategies to increase the training adaptation leads to enhanced performance in well-trained individuals is unclear.
Dependability enhancement for IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN with redundancy techniques (2004)

The presence of physical obstacles and radio interference results in the so called “shadow regions” in wireless networks. When a mobile station roams into a shadow region, it loses its network connectivity. In cellular networks, in order to minimize the connection unreliability, careful cell planning is required to prevent the occurrance of the shadow regions in the first place. In 802.11b/g wireless LANs, however, due to the limited frequency spectrum, it is not always possible to prevent a shadow region by adding another cell at a different frequency. Our contribution in this paper is to propose the alternate approach of tolerating the existence of “shadow regions” as opposed to prevention in order to enhance the connection dependability. A redundant access point (AP) is placed in the shadow region to serve the mobile stations which roam into that region. Since the redundant AP operates on the same frequency as the primary AP, it does not constitute a separate cell. In fact, the primary and the secondary AP communicate to grant medium access to stations within the shadow region. We consider two configurations, which differ in how the two APs communicate with each other. In the first, the secondary AP is connected to the same distribution system as the primary AP. In the second, the secondary AP acts as a wireless forwarding bridge for traffic to/from the mobile stations in the shadow region to the primary AP. The paper outlines the details of how redundancy may be implemented by making enhancements to the basic 802.11 channel access protocol. To evaluate the dependability of the network under study, we present the reliability, availability and survivability analysis of the two configurations and compare them with the scheme with no redundancy. With numerical examples, we show that the redundancy schemes demonstrate significant improvement in connection dependability over Mobile terminal
Synthesis and super-swelling behavior of a novel low salt-sensitive protein-based superabsorbent hydrogel: collagen-g-poly(AMPS) (2010)

Superabsorbent polymers are obtained by the graft copolymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesul- fonic acid (AMPS) monomer onto collagen, using ammonium persulfate as a free radical initiator in the presence of methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker. Infrared spectroscopy and TGA thermal analysis were carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the hydrogel. Moreover, morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of reaction variables on swelling capacity was investigated to achieve a hydrogel with improved water absorbency. Under the optimized conditions concluded, maximum capacity of swelling in distilled water was found to be 268 g/g. The swelling ratio in various salt solutions was investigated in detail. Since this hydrogel exhibited a very high absorptivity in saline, it may be referred to as a low salt-sensitive superabsorbent. The collagen-g-AMPS hydrogel also showed cation exchange properties. The swelling kinetics of the synthesized hydrogels with various particle sizes was also preliminarily investigated.
A renotropic system in rats. (1976)

While plasma or sera obtained from rats 20 h after removal of one kidney (uninephrectomy) stimulated [3H] thyrmidine incorporation into the DNA of kidney tissue incubating in vitro, azotemic plasma or sera obtained from rats 20 h after removal of both kidneys had no apparent effect. Dialysis of this azotemic sera resulted in its ability to stimulate isotope incorporation into renal DNA to the same degree as sera from uninephrectomized rats. This stimulatory factor (renotropin) was found to rise significantly within the first 26 h after uninephrectomy. Renotropin worked only on renal tissue, and we found that a factor could be extracted in large amounts from the remaining kidney 20 h after uninephrectomy that would stimulate renal DNA synthesis in the presence of sera. Based on these findings and others, we postulate that after uninephrectomy there is an elevation in circulating renotropin as well as a tissue factor in the remaining kidney. Both factors together probably produce an excitor which enhances [3H] thymidine into DNA. The latter is tightly bound to renal tissue, and its production and/or activity is modified by circulating inhibitors that are especially prominent in azotemia.
Wide-field three-photon excitation in biological samples (2016)

Three-photon wide-field depth-resolved excitation is used to overcome some of the limitations in conventional point-scanning two- and three-photon microscopy. Excitation of chromophores as diverse as channelrhodopsins and quantum dots is shown, and a penetration depth of more than 700 μm into fixed scattering brain tissue is achieved, approximately twice as deep as that achieved using two-photon wide-field excitation. Compatibility with live animal experiments is confirmed by imaging the cerebral vasculature of an anesthetized mouse; a complete focal stack was obtained without any evidence of photodamage. As an additional validation of the utility of wide-field three-photon excitation, functional excitation is demonstrated by performing three-photon optogenetic stimulation of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons expressing a channelrhodopsin; action potentials could reliably be excited without causing photodamage.
Cell Motility, Adhesion, Homing, and Migration Assays in the Studies of Tyrosine Kinases (2003)

The malignant potential of many cancers is characterized by the rate of metastsis. Metastasis is a multistep process that in general requires detachment from the original tissue, migration through the vascular endothelium, circulation in the blood, attachment to the inner blood vessel wall and penetration into surrounding tissue (1). For example, lung cancer cells have a very high rate of metastasis with cells invading virtually every organ in the body with a predilection to brain, bone, bone marrow, liver and adrenal glands. There are intrinsic abnormalities of cell motility of these lung cancer cells with increased propensity to invade and metastasize to the other organs (2). Most of the cell motility processes are tightly regulated by tyrosine kinases (3) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (4). In malignant cells, these crucial pathways can be brought out of balance through constitutive activation of growth factor receptors and their associated kinases or through formation of tyrosine kinase oncogenes. Overexpression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has been found in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2/neu, c-Met, and in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, including c-Kit and c-Met receptors (5). The downstream targets of these kinases can involve cytoskeletal proteins which are important in cell motility, cell migration and invasion. It is also known that the tyrosine kinase oncogene BCR/ABL, the transforming protein in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is a potent kinase for inducing increased cell motility (membrane ruffling, filipodia formation, lamellopodia formation, and formation of uropod) and migration over extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin (6).
Are Metallocene−Acetylene (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) Complexes Aromatic Metallacyclopropenes? (2009)

The bonding nature of metallocene acetylene complexes Cp2M(η2-H3SiC2SiH3) 1M and Cp2M(η2-HC2H) 1M′ (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) was studied by density functional theory method. It is found that this acetylene complex has indeed a metallacyclopropene moiety with two in-plane M−C σ-bonds and one out-of-plane π-bond interacting with the metal center, resulting in the formation of a delocalized three-center and two-electron (3c-2e) system. Along with its delocalized out-of-plane bonding, this complex has been characterized as aromatic on the basis of the computed stabilizing energy and negative nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS). The aromatic stabilization increases from Ti to Zr and Hf, and this is because of the increased charge separation between the Cp2M fragment and the H3SiC2SiH3 (also HC2H) unit. The decrease of the M−C bond length from Zr to Hf is attributed to the increased s character of both M and C hybridization of the M−C σ-bonds.
Extraction of rare-earth elements by crown ethers from acid solutions into 1,1,7-trihydrododecafluoroheptanol (2009)

Extraction of rare-earth elements from acid solutions in the 1,1,7-trihydrododecafluoroheptanol-water system was studied using crown ethers: dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6; isomer A) and di-tert-butyldicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DTBDCH18C6). All other conditions being equal, the extractability of rareearth elements by DTBDCH18C6 is far higher than for DCH18C6 itself. Trifluoroacetic and trichloroacetic acids increase metal distribution ratios. The distribution ratios for the cerium rare earths considerably exceed those for the yttrium rare earths. The stoichiometry of the rare-earth complexes of crown ethers was determined. The component ratio in the extracted complexes, M: crown ether, is 1: 1 in all cases. Rare-earth separation factors are due to different stability constants of extracted complexes.
Elevated frequencies of leukemic myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in acute myeloid leukemia with the FLT3 internal tandem duplication (2011)

Some 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients display an internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene. FLT3-ITDs are known to drive hematopoietic stem cells towards FLT3 ligand independent growth, but the effects on dendritic cell (DC) differentiation during leukemogenesis are not clear. We compared the frequency of cells with immunophenotype of myeloid DC (mDC: Lin(-), HLA-DR(+), CD11c(+), CD86(+)) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC: Lin(-), HLA-DR(+), CD123(+), CD86(+)) in diagnostic samples of 47 FLT3-ITD(-) and 40 FLT3-ITD(+) AML patients. The majority of ITD(+) AML samples showed high frequencies of mDCs or pDCs, with significantly decreased HLA-DR expression compared with DCs detectable in ITD(-) AML samples. Interestingly, mDCs and pDCs sorted out from ITD(+) AML samples contained the ITD insert revealing their leukemic origin and, upon ex vivo culture with cytokines, they acquired DC morphology. Notably, mDC/pDCs were detectable concurrently with single lineage mDCs and pDCs in all ITD(+) AML (n = 11) and ITD(-) AML (n = 12) samples analyzed for mixed lineage DCs (Lin(-), HLA-DR(+), CD11c(+), CD123(+)). ITD(+) AML mDCs/pDCs could be only partially activated with CD40L and CpG for production of IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-1α, which may affect the anti-leukemia immune surveillance in the course of disease progression.
A non-fragmenting non-moving, garbage collector (1998)

One of the biggest disadvantages of non-moving collectors compared to moving collectors has been their limited ability to deal with memory fragmentation. In this paper, we describe two techniques to reduce fragmentation without the need for moving live data. The first technique reduces internal fragmentation in BiBoP (Big-Bag-of-Pages) like allocators. The second technique reduces external fragmentation using virtual memory culls available in most modern operating systems. It can also reduce the size of the heap after periods of great activity in long lived applications. These techniques have been successfully used in Geodesic Systems' Great Circle, a commercially-available conservative garbage collector. This paper describes these techniques, their implementation, and some experimental results.
Influência de diferentes tipos de alimentos na suscetibilidade de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) aos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. e Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (1990)

Influence of different types of dieta on the susceptibility of Diat,-aea sacchara/is (Fabr., 1794) te the fungu Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.)Sorok.and Beauveria bessiaria (Bais.)VuiliDiotroeo saccharolis (FABRICIUS, 1794) larvae obtained froin the field an those reared in the laboratory on 4 different t pes of diet were sprayed with fungal suspensions of Metc,rhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorok and Beauveria bassjana (Bais.)Vuill with 108 conidja/mi.Field collected larvae showed a mean mortality of 35% for those sprayed with M. anisopliae and 60% for those sprayed with B. bassiana.Also, 56% of the larvae in laboratory on corn diet were killed by M. anisoplice and approximately 28% by B. bassiano.The mean mortalities of D. soccharalis larvae reared on dieta of bran, bean and casein were reapectively 65, 65 and 76% for M. anisoplioe and 71, 66 and 69% for B. bassiana.
ChemInform Abstract: SESQUIFULVALENE AUS PENTAFULVALENEN (1974)

Abstract 1,2,3,4‐Tetraphenyl‐fulvalen (I) und Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II) führen zum Tetraphenyldicarbonsäureester (III) (78 %).
Introducing the IEEE Virtual Reality 2017 Special Issue (2017)

The papers in this special issue were presented at the IEEE Virtual Reality (VR) Conference that was held in Los Angeles, CA, from March 18-22, 2017.
Study on least squares support vector machines algorithm and its application (2005)

Support vector machines (SVM) is a novel machine learning method based on small-sample statistical learning theory (SLT), and is powerful for the problem with small sample, nonlinearity, high dimension, and local minima.SVM have been very successful in pattern recognition ,fault diagnoses and function estimation problems. Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) is an SVM version which involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least squares cost function. This paper discusses least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) estimation algorithm and introduces applications of the novel method for the nonlinear control systems. Then identification of MIMO models and soft-sensor modeling based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides a powerful tool for identification and soft-sensor modeling and has promising application in industrial process applications
Validation of biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy for preventing and predictive medicine in diabetic complications (2014)

Scientific object The epidemic diffusion of diabetes mellitus has raised serious concerns about the deleterious effects of its complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe progressive ocular pathology and the leading cause of blindness in adults. There is a significant limitation in specific biomarkers for DR, thus, implying that DR diagnosis occur when vision is already compromised. Poor glycemic control, with elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and hypertension are recognized risk factors, however the implication of inflammatory processes in DR pathogenesis has prompt interest in the identification of biomarkers of disease within the immune system.
Fiber-Optic Array Splicing with Etched Silicon Chips (1978)

The two-dimensional array splicing concept using aluminum chips was reported earlier as a technique that is potentially suitable for field-splicing an optical cable containing linear arrays of optical fibers. Two arrays are stacked, epoxied, polished, and positioned to form a butt-joint splice. This paper reports the use of preferentially etched silicon chips to fabricate higher precision arrays which deviate from perfect uniformity by only 2.5 μm (0.0001 inch) on the average. Average losses for splices assembled with these arrays have been in the range 0.16 dB to 0.32 dB with a yield of 98.8 percent. These average losses are close to the anticipated values based on the measured mean offset between corresponding fiber axes in the spliced arrays. After several combinations of arrays were assembled and loss measurements made, the original array configuration was measured to test for array deterioration, loss measurement repeatability and final alignment repeatability. Only one fiber position showed evidence of contamination, and the mean splice loss was repeatable to within 0.02 dB.
Efficient location management for hybrid wireless ATM networks: architecture and performance analysis (2003)

Location management is one of the most important aspects in the realization of mobility in wireless networks. Following developments of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) technology, more core networks are becoming ATM-based. Therefore research into location management schemes for wireless networks with ATM cores is attracting more attention. Several location management schemes have been previously proposed for classical wireless ATM networks, which have end-to-end native ATM connections. Most of these proposals assume that a wireless ATM network is built using end-user mobile ATM switches (EMAS). However, current ATM networks only consist of normal ATM switches that are not mobility enabled. We present a location management scheme for hybrid wireless ATM networks, which have an ATM based core and IP based wireless tails. From a performance analysis, we show that the proposed scheme has a better cost performance than the conventional GSM/IS-41 based location management scheme.
Radiation test for electric parts of EUSO Photo Detector Module (2005)

Y. Uchihori, F. Kajino, T. Sawabe, Y. Kawasaki, Y. Takizawa, M.Sato, T.Ebisuzaki and EUSO collaboration (a) National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan (b) Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashi-nada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501 , Japan (c) RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Presenter: Y. Uchihori (uchihori@nirs.go.jp), jap-uchihori-Y-abs1-he15-poster
Comparative Hematologic Analysis of Uncomplicated Malaria in Uniquely Different Regions of Unstable Transmission in Brazil and Colombia (2009)

Information on malaria-associated anemia in adult patients is scarce in South American populations. From 2004 to 2006, malaria patients 18 to 45 years of age were recruited in a descriptive cross-sectional study from two different towns: Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon (120 patients) where Plasmodium falciparum incidence is lower ( approximately 20%), and in Tumaco on the Colombian Pacific Coast (126 patients) where P. falciparum incidence is higher ( approximately 90%). Relationships between hematologic parameters and independent variables were explored using cross-tabulations and multiple linear regression analyses. We found an inverse relationship of hemoglobin (Hb) levels with days of illness in both sites. In Manaus but not in Tumaco, red cell distribution width (RDW) was related to asexual parasitemia. Reticulocytes were higher in Plasmodium vivax infection in Tumaco. Only in Tumaco, two patients with P. falciparum infection presented with severe anemia (Hb < 7 g/dL). Etiologic factors associated with hematologic changes in malaria seem to be multifactorial. More studies are needed to clarify the anemia determinants in uncomplicated malaria in South America, where malaria transmission is mostly unstable.