gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelin Dilates Bovine Pulmonary Circulation and Reverses Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction (1992)

To assess the effects of endothelin 1 (ET) on the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds simultaneously, we examined the hemodynamic responses to ET in awake calves implanted with a Jarvik total artificial heart (TAH), a device that maintains constant cardiac output (CO). During basal conditions, successive incremental intravenous (i.v.) injections of 1, 3, and 10 micrograms ET caused a dose-dependent decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), (from 24 +/- 3 to 15 +/- 1 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) while having no effect on systemic arterial (SAP), left atrial (LAP), and right atrial (RAP) pressures. Administration of 30 micrograms ET i.v. also decreased PAP, had no effect on LAP and RAP, but increased SAP from 100 +/- 6 to 118 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). The decrease in PAP was rapid, occurring within seconds and lasting 10 min, whereas the increase in SAP occurred after 2-5 min and was prolonged for greater than or equal to 20 min. As compared with injection in the right atrium, administration of 30 micrograms ET into the left atrium reduced PAP to a similar extent, but induced a greater increase in SAP (+32.5 +/- 4 vs +17.5 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). ET also dose-dependently reversed the acute pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by inhalation of an hypoxic gas mixture. In all cases, pulmonary vasodilation occurred without evidence of short-term tolerance. The results demonstrate that ET is a potent in vivo pulmonary vasodilator. In calves, the predominant hemodynamic response to ET is pulmonary vasodilation, with systemic vasoconstriction apparent only at higher concentrations of the peptide.
Cycloaddition of Diazo Compounds to Ethyleneboronic and Acetyleneboronio Esters1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloaddition of Diazo Compounds to Ethyleneboronic and Acetyleneboronio Esters1Donald S. MattesonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4293–4300Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01059a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01059a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The structure of tetrasulphur tetranitride (1970)

An eight-membered ring consisting of alternating S and N atoms being assumed, the energy of the most likely conformations and configurations have been investigated by use of symmetry arguments and extended Hückel calculations. Theory predicts that the structure of lowest energy contains two transannular S–S bonds and this structure is that found in Nature. The theory also allows a rationalization of the structure of realgar and the reactivity of tetrasulphur tetranitride. The character of the S–N bond in S4N4, and the possible structure of S4N42+ and S4N42– are discussed briefly.
Catecholamine Secretory Vesicle Stimulus-Transcription Coupling in Vivo (2003)

Stimulation of chromaffin cell secretion in vitro triggers not only secretion but also resynthesis of just released catecholamines and chromogranin A, the precursor of the catecholamine release-inhibitory, nicotinic cholinergic antagonist peptide catestatin. Does stimulus-transcription coupling occur in vivo? And does catestatin antagonize secretion and transcription in vivo? To answer these questions, we employed a novel mouse strain harboring a chromogranin A promoter/firefly luciferase reporter transgene. Tissue-specific expression of the reporter was established by both luminescence and reverse transcription-PCR. Secretion and transcription in vivo were triggered by either direct nicotinic stimulation or vesicular transmitter depletion. Nicotinic blockade in vivo was attempted with either the classical antagonist chlorisondamine or the novel antagonist catestatin. Luciferase reporter expression was exquisitely sensitive over a large dynamic range, was specific for the transgenic animals, and paralleled typical neuroendocrine distribution of endogenous chromogranin A. Adrenal ontogeny revealed a rise of embryonic transgene expression until embryonal day 18, with an abrupt postnatal decline. Direct nicotinic stimulation of chromaffin cells caused catecholamine release and transgene transcription, each of which was nearly completely blocked by chlorisondamine. Similar adrenal results were obtained during vesicular catecholamine depletion. Both secretion and transcription were substantially blocked in the adrenal gland by catestatin. In brain and sympathetic nerve, stimulation of transcription was more modest, and reserpine responses were only incompletely blocked by chlorisondamine or catestatin, perhaps because of limited blood-brain barrier penetration by these cationic antagonists. Thus, nicotinic cholinergic stimulus-transcription coupling occurs in vivo and can be provoked either directly or indirectly (by vesicular transmitter depletion). Such coupling triggers the biosynthesis of chromogranin A, the precursor of catestatin. Catestatin itself blocks stimulation of both secretion and transcription in vivo. Thus, chromogranin A and its catestatin fragment may lie at the nexus of nicotinic cholinergic signaling in vivo.
A General Photo-Electro-Thermal Theory for Light Emitting Diode (LED) Systems (2009)

The photometric, electrical, and thermal features of LED systems are highly dependent on one another. By considering all these factors together, it is possible to optimize the design of LED systems. This paper presents a general theory that links the photometric, electrical, and thermal behaviors of an LED system together. The theory shows that the thermal design is an indispensable part of the electrical circuit design and will strongly influence the peak luminous output of LED systems. It can be used to explain why the optimal operating power, at which maximum luminous flux is generated, may not occur at the rated power of the LEDs. This theory can be used to determine the optimal operating point for an LED system so that the maximum luminous flux can be achieved for a given thermal design. The general theory has been verified favorably by experiments using high-brightness LEDs.
Partial scan designs without using a separate scan clock (2002)

Existing flip-flop selection and test generation methods for partial scan designs assume the use of a separate scan clock. With a separate clock for the scan operation, the states of the non-scan flip-flops can be frozen during the scan operation and any state can be scanned into the scan register without affecting the states of the non-scan flip-flops. Under this assumption, test vectors can be efficiently generated by a sequential circuit test generator. However, this requirement results in the need for multiple clock trees and poses problems in the routing of clock signals that, in general, are subject to a tight constraint on clock skew. In this paper, we lift this assumption and address the problems of test generation, scan flip-flop selection and ordering of scan registers for partial scan designs that use the system clock for the scan operation. An existing test generation algorithm is modified to incorporate the scan-shifting concept for such designs. This modified test generation scheme also implicitly compacts the test vectors and results in significantly reduction in the length of test vectors as shown by our experimental results on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits. The test vectors generated by this method can be applied at speed and thus can also detect delay faults. We show that cycle breaking remains to be an effective heuristic for scan flip-flop selection for our test generation method. The ordering of scan flip-flops in the scan chain affects the final fault coverage for the new test generation method. We formulate the ordering problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. Experimental results on test generation and ordering of scan flip-flops are presented to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Accessing the inaccessible: Stereotactic radioablation of premature ventricular complexes originating in the right ventricle in a patient with a mechanical tricuspid valve (2021)

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for ventricular tachycardia is a treatment option for selected patients with substrate not amenable to classic approaches. We present a case of successful SBRT in a patient with premature ventricular complex (PVC)-induced cardiomyopathy originating in the right ventricle (RV) in whom access to the RV was limited by a mechanical tricuspid valve.
A single-crystalline diamond X-ray detector based on direct sp3-to-sp2 conversed graphene electrodes (2022)

Diamond is an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor with excellent electronic and photonic properties, which has great potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. As an allotrope of diamond, graphene also has many fantastic properties like diamond, which caught much attention in combing them together. In this work, a direct sp3-to-sp2 conversion method was proposed to fabricate graphene layers on single crystal diamond by thermal treatment with Ni film catalyst. By optimizing the conversing conditions, a thin graphene layer with low sheet resistance was obtained on diamond. Based on this, an all-carbon sandwich structural graphene-diamond-graphene (GDG) detector was fabricated, which shows low dark current of 0.45 nA at 0.5 V μm−1 applied electric field. The maximum sensitivity of this detector is obtained when the incident X-ray is 12 keV, with the value of 2.88 × 10−8 C Gy−1. Moreover, the rise time and delay time of the GDG detector is about 1.2 and 22.8 ns, respectively, which are very close to that of diamond detector with Ti/Au electrode. The realization of the direct in-situ sp3-to-sp2 conversion on diamond shows a promising approach for fabricating diamond-based all-carbon electronic devices.
Frameshift mutations in coding repeats of protein tyrosine phosphatase genes in colorectal tumors with microsatellite instability (2008)

Although about 32% of MSI-H tumors showed at least one affected PTP gene, and cMNR mutation rates in PTPN21, PTPRS, and PTPN5 are higher than the mean mutation frequency of MNRs of the same length, mutations within PTP genes do not seem to play a common role in MSI tumorigenesis, since no cMNR mutation frequency reached statistical significance and therefore, failed prediction as a Positive Selective Target Gene.
Pure Cannabidiol versus Cannabidiol-Containing Extracts: Distinctly Different Multi-Target Modulators (2018)

Cannabis saliva L. strains can be divided into a number of groups according to their content of the psychotropic phytoCannabinoid delta-9-TetrahydroCannabinol (THC) and of the non-psychotropic Cannabinoid Cannabidiol (CBD).
Allowing for mandatory covariates in boosting estimation of sparse high-dimensional survival models (2008)

It is demonstrated that it can be highly beneficial in terms of prediction performance to use an estimation procedure that incorporates mandatory covariates into high-dimensional survival models. The new approach also allows to answer the question whether improved predictions are obtained by including microarray features in addition to classical clinical criteria.
Complementary independent molecular, radioisotopic and fluorogenic techniques to assess biofilm communities in two wastewater wetlands (1999)

Optimisation of nutrient removal processes requires a detailed understanding of the microbial physiologies actually occurring within the biomass of different treatment zones, and also knowledge of how these communities respond to environmental factors. This paper describes a suite of four independent and complementary, microbiological techniques, utilised to obtain detailed assessments of wastewater bacterial biomass. Examples of these techniques are shown as applied to biofilms from two surface-flow wetlands used for treating sewage effluent. Intact biofilms were prepared via freezing, followed by cryosectioning and direct microscopic observation. This approach was combined with prior, in situ incubation of biofilm with radiolabelled thymidine to assess in situ bacterial growth rates. Individual bacterial cells were assessed microscopically for in situ respiratory activity and phylogenetic identity, respectively through use of an inducibly-fluorescent redox stain (CTC), and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These complementary techniques enabled assessment of individual biofilm clusters according to their in situ status (growth, respiration, spatial location and phylogenetic affiliation). This approach detected significant spatial variations in biofilm; limited the bias inherent in data obtained using any one technique, and provided greater detail of subpopulations within the microbial community.
Strategies for Artificial Insemination of Cattle at Synchronized Ovulation or Synchronized Estrus (1999)

Two synchronization protocols in lactating dairy and beef cows and in dairy heifers were tested for efficacy of breeding by artificial insemination (AI) with or without estrus detection. Controls received three prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) injections 14 days apart before AI at observed estrus. Pregnancy rates were compared with animals on the Ovsynch protocol that combined gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and PGF2a treatments with a timed AI 16 to 20 hours after the second GnRH injection. The pregnancy rates were similar at synchronized ovulation to fixed-time AI in lactating cows, but not effective in heifers because of the lack of synchronization.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6 from Constitutive HER2 Signaling Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis through Cellular Senescence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 76K&lt;/p&gt;
Josephson junction microwave amplifier in self-organized noise compression mode (2012)

The fundamental noise limit of a phase-preserving amplifier at frequency [Formula: see text] is the standard quantum limit [Formula: see text]. In the microwave range, the best candidates have been amplifiers based on superconducting quantum interference devices (reaching the noise temperature [Formula: see text] at 700 MHz), and non-degenerate parametric amplifiers (reaching noise levels close to the quantum limit [Formula: see text] at 8 GHz). We introduce a new type of an amplifier based on the negative resistance of a selectively damped Josephson junction. Noise performance of our amplifier is limited by mixing of quantum noise from Josephson oscillation regime down to the signal frequency. Measurements yield nearly quantum-limited operation, [Formula: see text] at 2.8 GHz, owing to self-organization of the working point. Simulations describe the characteristics of our device well and indicate potential for wide bandwidth operation.
Micro heat spreader enhanced heat transfer in MCMs (1994)

The peak thermal power generated in microelectronics assemblies has risen from less than 1 W/cm{sup 2} in 1980 to greater than 40 W/cm{sup 2} today, due primarily to increasing densities at both the IC and packaging levels. The authors have demonstrated enhanced heat transfer in a prototype Si substrate with a backside micro heat channel structure. Unlike conventional micro heat pipes, these channels are biaxial with a greater capacity for fluid transfer. Thermal modeling and preliminary experiments have shown an equivalent increase in substrate thermal conductivity to over 500 W/m{center_dot}K, or a four times improvement. Optimization of the structure and alternative liquids will further increase the thermal conductivity of the micro heat channel substrate with the objective being polycrystalline diamond, or about 1,200 W/m{center_dot}K. The crucial design parameters for the micro heat channel system and the thermal characteristics of the system will be covered.
Melt spinning of syndiotactic 1, 2‐polybutadiene for preparation of carbon fibers (1983)

Abstract The thermal crosslinking and loss of vinyl unsaturation of syndiotactic 1, 2‐polybutadiene( s ‐PB) at 180–230°C were prevented by stabilizers with 3, 5‐di‐ t ‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyloxy group. The s ‐PB samples (mp 140–198°C and MW 20,000–70,000) that contained the stabilizers could be melt‐spun at a temperature below 220°C into 1‐denier fibers to be used for the preparation of carbon fibers. The s ‐PB fibers with higher mp and/or higher MW could be obtained by the addition of a high boiling solvent such as tetralin. The relationship between the molecular structures of s ‐PB and the properties of resulting s ‐PB fibers, including the degree of molecular orientation measured by birefringence and x‐ray diffraction, is presented. Spun fibers showed small swellings here and there along the fiber axis, which would have resulted from the inhomogeneity of the melt of s ‐PB spun at a temperature slightly above the melting point. The gelation was unlikely to occur.
Model-Based Predictive Control Applied to a Dual Regenerative and Hydraulic Brake System (2015)

A cooperative control strategy can improve the efficiency of the dual regenerative and hydraulic brake system of an electric vehicle. Considering delays and constraints for both actuators, model- based predictive control (MPC) is an attractive approach. Its prediction capability is used to adjust the optimal input sequence according to the future system variations predicted. Therefore, this asset can improve the control performances compared to common closed loop control methods (e.g., LQR optimal control, PID). Thus, this paper proposes a simulation framework to evaluate the implementation's feasibility of a blended MPC strategy applied to a vehicle dual brake system.
Using Corticomuscular and Intermuscular Coherence to Assess Cortical Contribution to Ankle Plantar Flexor Activity During Gait (2019)

The present study used coherence and directionality analyses to explore whether the motor cortex contributes to plantar flexor muscle activity during the stance phase and push-off phase during gait. Subjects walked on a treadmill, while EEG over the leg motorcortex area and EMG from the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles was recorded. Corticomuscular and intermuscular coherence were calculated from pair-wise recordings. Significant EEG-EMG and EMG-EMG coherence in the beta and gamma frequency bands was found throughout the stance phase with the largest coherence towards push-off. Analysis of directionality revealed that EEG activity preceded EMG activity throughout the stance phase until the time of push-off. These findings suggest that the motor cortex contributes to ankle plantar flexor muscle activity and forward propulsion during gait.
Fate of Nanoplastics in Marine Larvae: A Case Study Using Barnacles, Amphibalanus amphitrite (2018)

The exposure of nanoplastics was investigated by observing their interaction with Amphibalanus amphitrite (commonly known as acorn barnacles). Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and fluorescent perylene tetraester (PTE) dye were used to prepare highly fluorescent nanoplastic particles. At concentrations of 25 ppm, the PMMA particles showed no detrimental impact on barnacle larvae and their microalgae feed, Tetraselmis suecica and Chaetoceros muelleri. PMMA nanoplastics were ingested and translocated inside the body of the barnacle nauplii within the first 3 h of incubation. The fluorescent PMMA particles inside the transparent nauplius were tracked using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Subsequently, the nanoplastics were fed to the barnacle nauplii under two conditions—acute and chronic exposure. The results from acute exposure show that nanoplastics persist in the body throughout stages of growth and development—from nauplius to cyprid and juvenile barnacle. Some egestion of nanoplastics was observed through moulting and fecal excrement. In comparison, chronic exposure demonstrates bioaccumulation of the nanoplastics even at low concentrations of the plastics. The impacts of our study using PMMA nanoparticles exceeds current knowledge, where most studies stop at uptake and ingestion. Here we demonstrate that uptake of nanoparticles during planktonic larval stages may persist to the adult stages, indicating potential for the long-term impacts of nanoplastics on sessile invertebrate communities.
Sexueller Missbrauch von Kindern: Die Position von Lehrern in Bezug auf das Problem, mit dem ihre Schüler konfrontiert sind (2021)

Sexueller Missbrauch ist ein soziales Phanomen, das verfeinerte Aufmerksamkeit erfordert, weil es ein komplexes Thema ist, das bei vielen...
Self‐Organizing Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Hepatocyte 3D Organoids Inform the Biology of the Pleiotropic TRIB1 Gene (2020)

Establishment of a physiologically relevant human hepatocyte-like cell system for <i>in vitro</i> translational research has been hampered by the limited availability of cell models that accurately reflect human biology and the pathophysiology of human disease. Here we report a robust, reproducible, and scalable protocol for the generation of hepatic organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using short exposure to nonengineered matrices. These hepatic organoids follow defined stages of hepatic development and express higher levels of early (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A [HNF4A], prospero-related homeobox 1 [PROX1]) and mature hepatic and metabolic markers (albumin, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 [ASGR1], CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α [C/EBPα]) than two-dimensional (2D) hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) at day 20 of differentiation. We used this model to explore the biology of the pleiotropic <i>TRIB1</i> (Tribbles-1) gene associated with a number of metabolic traits, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and plasma lipids. We used genome editing to delete the <i>TRIB1</i> gene in hiPSCs and compared <i>TRIB1</i>-deleted iPSC-HLCs to isogenic iPSC-HLCs under both 2D culture and three-dimensional (3D) organoid conditions. Under conventional 2D culture conditions, <i>TRIB1</i>-deficient HLCs showed maturation defects, with decreased expression of late-stage hepatic and lipogenesis markers. In contrast, when cultured as 3D hepatic organoids, the differentiation defects were rescued, and a clear lipid-related phenotype was noted in the <i>TRIB1</i>-deficient induced pluripotent stem cell HLCs. <i>Conclusion:</i> This work supports the potential of genome-edited hiPSC-derived hepatic 3D organoids in exploring human hepatocyte biology, including the functional interrogation of genes identified through human genetic investigation.
Novel germline variant in the histone demethylase and transcription regulator KDM4C induces a multi-cancer phenotype (2021)

The apparent dysregulation of H3K9 trimethylation and KDM4C-associated genes in lymphoblastoid cells supports the hypothesis that the <i>KDM4C</i> variant is causative of the multi-cancer susceptibility in the family. As the variant is ultrarare, located in the conserved catalytic JmjC domain and predicted pathogenic by the majority of available in silico tools, further studies on the role of <i>KDM4C</i> in cancer predisposition are warranted.