gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avalanche and bit independence characteristics of double random phase encoding in the Fourier and Fresnel domains (2014)

In this work, we evaluate the avalanche effect and bit independence properties of the double random phase encoding (DRPE) algorithm in the Fourier and Fresnel domains. Experimental results show that DRPE has excellent bit independence characteristics in both the Fourier and Fresnel domains. However, DRPE achieves better avalanche effect results in the Fresnel domain than in the Fourier domain. DRPE gives especially poor avalanche effect results in the Fourier domain when only one bit is changed in the plaintext or in the encryption key. Despite this, DRPE shows satisfactory avalanche effect results in the Fresnel domain when any other number of bits changes in the plaintext or in the encryption key. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the avalanche effect and bit independence behaviors of optical encryption approaches for bit units.
Tuning the Release Rate of Acidic Degradation Products through Macromolecular Design of Caprolactone-Based Copolymers (2007)

Macromolecular engineering is presented as a tool to control the degradation rate and release rate of acidic degradation products from biomedical polyester ethers. Three different caprolactone/1,5-dioxepan-2-one (CL/DXO) copolymers were synthesized: DXO/CL/DXO triblock, CL/DXO multiblock, and random cross-linked CL/DXO copolymer. The relation of CL and DXO units in all three copolymers was 60/40 mol %. The polymer discs were immersed in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for up to 364 days. After different time periods degradation products were extracted from the buffer solution and analyzed. In addition mass loss, water absorption, molecular weight changes, and changes in thermal properties were determined. The results show that the release rate of acidic degradation products, a possible cause of acidic microclimates and inflammatory responses, is controllable through macromolecular design, i.e., different distribution of the weak linkages in the copolymers.
Machine Learning-Assisted Device Selection in a Context-Sensitive Ubiquitous Multimodal Multimedia Computing System (2006)

In a computing system where a user moves from one environment to another, and as such the user's context and computing resources also change, a constant user intervention to enable/disable various devices to suit his needs is time-consuming and diminishes user productivity. Instead, a machine could be trained to acquire knowledge so that it would do the work (i.e. calculation and decision making) itself and leaves human do something else that is more important. In a ubiquitous multimodal multimedia (MM) computing system, the selection of appropriate media and modalities (i.e. devices) is based on user's context, user profile, and user's environment (a.k.a. pre-condition scenario). There are numerous possibilities of a pre-condition scenario and the available devices also changes depending on user's computing environment. Indeed, a machine learning (ML) component could be trained to "remember" all pre-condition scenarios, and each one's device selection (a.k.a. post-condition scenario). This ML component could also be trained to find a replacement to every missing or defective selected device. The ML component is integrated into a ubiquitous system making it available anytime, anywhere. This work is an original contribution in ML, one that permits automatic system adaptation based on user's environment
Ultrarelativistic electron beams accelerated by terawatt scalable kHz laser (2023)

We show the laser-driven acceleration of unprecedented, collimated ($ 2 \ \mathrm{mrad} $ divergence), and quasi-monoenergetic ($ 25 \ \% $ energy spread) electron beams with energy up to $ 50 \ \mathrm{MeV} $ at $ 1 \ \mathrm{kHz} $ repetition rate. The laser driver is a multi-cycle ($ 15 \ \mathrm{fs} $) $ 1 \ \mathrm{kHz} $ optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system, operating at $ 26 \ \mathrm{mJ} $ ($ 1.7 \ \mathrm{TW} $). The scalability of the driver laser technology and the electron beams reported in this work pave the way towards developing high-brilliance x-ray sources for medical imaging, innovative devices for brain cancer treatment, and represent a step towards the realization of a kHz GeV electron beamline.
An Optimal Median Calculation Algorithm for Estimating Internet Link Delays from Active Measurements (2007)

Delay estimation in the Internet can improve performance of many applications, e.g., Web browsing, peer-to-peer applications, and distributed games. For this purpose, researchers suggested building an Internet distance service that can efficiently supply applications with delay information based on an Internet delay map. This can be achieved by deploying a large scale measurement infrastructure such as the DIMES project where internal delay information is extracted from end-to-end measurements. We suggest estimating internal Internet link delays by the median of the differences between the measurements to its end points. For this purpose we introduce an efficient median calculation algorithm, which works in linear lime and constant space; prove its correctness; and compare its performance to the much slower intuitive algorithms on real Internet data.
A Deep-Learning Algorithm (ECG12Net) for Detecting Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia by Electrocardiography: Algorithm Development (2020)

A deep-learning model based on a 12-lead ECG may help physicians promptly recognize severe dyskalemias and thereby potentially reduce cardiac events.
Thermally robust solvent-free biofluids of M13 bacteriophage engineered for high compatibility with anhydrous ionic liquids (2019)

Here, we demonstrate a chemical modification strategy to create biomaterials of the M13 bacteriophage with extraordinary thermal stability, and high compatibility with non-aqueous ionic liquids. The results provide a blueprint for developing soft materials with well-defined architectures that may find broad applicability in the next generation of flexible devices.
Front Cover: Thin Coatings of α‐ and β‐Bi2O3 by Ultrasonic Spray Coating of a Molecular Bismuth Oxido Cluster and their Application for Photocatalytic Water Purification Under Visible Light (ChemistryOpen 3/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows a spray-coated bismuth oxide film (yellow) on a graffiti wall representing the functionalization of surfaces with photocatalytically active coatings. Thin films of α- and β-Bi2O3 can be deposited via ultrasonic spray technique, which is easy scalable and quite flexible with regard to the choice of the substrate. A bismuth oxido cluster is used as molecular precursor. Its ligand shell ensures solubility in organic solvents avoiding acidic conditions. The final non-toxic coatings offer photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. This is demonstrated by degradation experiments on a biocide as well as a medicinal drug. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Max Hofmann et al. on page 277 in Issue 3, 2020 (DOI: 10.1002/open.201900323).
Supplementary Table 3 from Targeting TAZ-Driven Human Breast Cancer by Inhibiting a SKP2-p27 Signaling Axis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GO biological analysis using DAVID.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Preferential Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds versus Ketones with a Palladium Substituted Polyoxometalate as Pre‐catalyst. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neurones in cat parastriate cortex sensitive to the direction of motion in three‐dimensional space (1978)

1. On psychophysical grounds, Beverley & Regan suggested that in man different neural mechanisms mediate the binocular perception of movement in depth and the binocular perception of positional (static) depth. They proposed that the human visual pathway contains several neural mechanisms, each sensitive to a different direction of motion in space. These mechanisms compute the direction of motion from the relative speeds and directions of movement of the left and right retinal images.2. We have recorded from 101 units in area 18 of cat visual cortex, searching for neurones tuned to the direction of motion in three dimensions, with properties that could account for the proposed directionally tuned binocular motion detectors in man. The cat's left eye viewed one bar, while its right eye simultaneously viewed a second bar. Single units were stimulated by independently oscillating the bars from side to side. The apparent direction of movement in three dimensions was altered by varying the relative speeds of the bars and their relative directions of motion. The mean (positional) disparity of the bars could also be varied.3. For one class of neurone (twenty cells), binocular stimulation inhibited firing for trajectories parallel to the frontoparallel plane over a large volume of space. Strong firing was produced by oppositely directed bar movements. Some of these neurones were especially narrowly tuned to the direction of movement in depth, responding only to a range of 2-3 degrees , i.e. to moving bodies that would hit or only narrowly miss the cat. These cells emphasized the direction of movement at the expense of positional information.3. These units occurred in clusters. On the perpendicular penetrations in which they were found, they comprised a substantial majority of all cells encountered.5. For a second class of neurone (nine cells), binocular facilitation produced selective responses to objects moving along trajectories that missed the head.6. The two classes of neurone provide a basis for four proposed directionally tuned binocular motion detectors.7. A third class of neurone (seventeen cells) was selectively sensitive to movements parallel to the frontoparallel plane. There was strong binocular facilitation when the bars moved at the same speeds in the same directions: oppositely directed movements might be more than 100 times less effective. These neurones may signal positional disparity.8. These three classes of neurone cut across established categories. Only when both eyes were stimulated simultaneously with targets moving in different speeds and directions was it possible to demonstrate the binocular interactions described here.
Immune System Effects of Insulin-Like Peptide 5 in a Mouse Model (2021)

We propose that INSL5-RXFP4 play a novel role in both central and peripheral immune cell signaling.
Direct Observation of the Transition Point Between Quasi‐Spherical and Cubic Nanoparticles in a Two‐Step Seed‐Mediated Growth Method (2008)

An aqueous seed-mediated growth method is adapted to explore the shape transformation of quasi-spherical Au seeds to nanocubes in a direct and continuous manner. Quenching the growth process at varied reaction-duration times and exploring the intermediate products by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV/vis spectroscopy shows an abrupt cuboctahedral-to-nanocube transition at 25-27 nm without any change in the nanoparticle size. The size of the obtained nanocubes remains constant (25-27 nm) until most (>90%) of the cuboctahedral nanoparticles are transformed to nanocubes. At this point, the (25-27 nm) nanocubes initiate further continuous and homogeneous growth until they reach 50-nm Au cubes. These observations are ascribed to a scenario in which the kinetically controlled growth mode of the nanoparticle is significantly affected by the surface self-diffusion of metal adatoms, especially when the adatom's self-diffusion distance is comparable with the nanoparticle's size.
Photo–cross-linkable, insulating silk fibroin for bioelectronics with enhanced cell affinity (2020)

Bioelectronic scaffolds that support devices while promoting tissue integration could enable tissue hybrids with augmented electronic capabilities. Here, we demonstrate a photo-cross-linkable silk fibroin (PSF) derivative and investigate its structural, electrical, and chemical properties. Lithographically defined PSF films offered tunable thickness and <1-µm spatial resolution and could be released from a relief layer yielding freestanding scaffolds with centimeter-scale uniformity. These constructs were electrically insulating; multielectrode arrays with PSF-passivated interconnects provided stable electrophysiological readouts from HL-1 cardiac model cells, brain slices, and hearts. Compared to SU8, a ubiquitous biomaterial, PSF exhibited superior affinity toward neurons which we attribute to its favorable surface charge and enhanced attachment of poly-d-lysine adhesion factors. This finding is of significant importance in bioelectronics, where tight junctions between devices and cell membranes are necessary for electronic communication. Collectively, our findings are generalizable to a variety of geometries, devices, and tissues, establishing PSF as a promising bioelectronic platform.
100W EUV light-source key component technology update for HVM (2016)

Gigaphoton Inc. develops a high-power laser produced plasma extreme ultraviolet (LPP EUV) light source for high volume manufacturing which enables sub-10nm critical layer patterning for semiconductor device fabrication. A technology update of key components of a 100 W LPP-EUV light source is given in this paper. The key components efficiently produce a stable plasma and evacuate the tin debris from the EUV vessel with a magnetic debris mitigation system. The chosen technology guarantees therefore a high-power and long-life EUV light source system. Each component is described with updated data. The latest system performance results are also presented. They were obtained from our proto LPP-EUV light systems which support 100 W output power.
Sleep and Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination (2012)

Short sleep duration in the natural environment may negatively affect in vivo antibody responses to novel antigens, providing a possible explanation for observed associations of poor sleep with increased susceptibility to infectious disease.
Design and Experimental Results of Small-Scale Rotary Engines (2001)

Abstract A research project is currently underway to develop small-scale internal combustion engines fueled by liquid hydrocarbons. The ultimate goal of the MEMS Rotary Internal Combustion Engine Project is to develop a liquid hydrocarbon fueled MEMS-size rotary internal combustion micro-engine capable of delivering power on the order of milli-watts. This research is part of a larger effort to develop a portable, autonomous power generation system with an order of magnitude improvement in energy density over alkaline or lithium-ion batteries. The rotary (Wankel-type) engine is well suited for the fabrication techniques developed in the integrated chip (IC) community and refined by the MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) field. Features of the rotary engine that lend itself to MEMS fabrication are its planar construction, high specific power, and self-valving operation. The project aims at developing a “micro-rotary” engine with an epitrochoidal-shaped housing under 1 mm3 in size and with a rotor swept volume of 0.08 mm3. To investigate engine behavior and design issues, larger-scale “mini-rotary” engines have been fabricated from steel. Mini-rotary engine chambers are approximately 1000 mm3 to 1700 mm3 in size and their displacements range from 78 mm3 to 348 mm3. A test bench for the mini-rotary engine has been developed and experiments have been conducted with gaseous-fueled mini-rotary engines to examine the effects of sealing, ignition, design, and thermal management on efficiency. Preliminary testing has shown net power output of up to 2.7 W at 9300 RPM. Testing has been performed using hydrogen-air mixtures and a range of spark and glow plug designs as the ignition source. Iterative design and testing of the mini-engine has lead to improved sealing designs. These particular designs are such that they can be incorporated into the fabrication of the micro-engine. Design and fabrication of a first generation meso-scale rotary engine has been completed using a SiC molding process developed at Case Western Reserve University. The fabrication of the micro-rotary engine is being conducted in U.C. Berkeley’s Microfabrication Laboratory. Testing of the mini-engine has lead to the conclusion that there are no fundamental phenomena that would prevent the operation of the micro-engine. However, heat loss and sealing issues are key for efficient operation of the micro-engine, and they must be taken into account in the design and fabrication of the micro-rotary engine. The mini-rotary engine design, testing, results and applications will be discussed in this paper.
3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxC Inhibitors (2017)

As an important target for the development of novel antibiotics, UDP-3-<i>O</i>-(<i>R</i>-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) has been widely studied. Pyridone methylsulfone hydroxamate (PMH) compounds can effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of LpxC. In this work, the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships of PMH inhibitors were explored and models with good predictive ability were established using comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis methods. The effect of PMH inhibitors' electrostatic potential on the inhibitory ability of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> LpxC (PaLpxC) is revealed at the molecular level via molecular electrostatic potential analyses. Then, two molecular dynamics simulations for the PaLpxC and PaLpxC-inhibitor systems were also performed respectively to investigate the key residues of PaLpxC hydrolase binding to water molecules. The results indicate that orderly alternative water molecules can form stable hydrogen bonds with M62, E77, T190, and H264 in the catalytic center, and tetracoordinate to zinc ion along with H78, H237, and D241. It was found that the conformational transition space of PaLpxC changes after association with PMH inhibitors through free energy landscape and cluster analyses. Finally, a possible inhibitory mechanism of PMH inhibitors was proposed, based on our molecular simulation. This paper will provide a theoretical basis for the molecular design of LpxC-targeting antibiotics.
Synthesis of 9H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐b][1,3,6]benzothiadiazocin‐10(11H)‐one 4,4‐dioxide, a potential anti‐HIV‐1 agent (1995)

Abstract Starting from 2‐(2‐aminophenylthio)‐1‐ethoxycarbonylmethyl‐1 H ‐pyrrole a four‐step synthesis of 9 H ‐pyrrolo[2,1‐ b ][1,3,6]benzothiadiazocin‐10(11 H )‐one 4,4‐dioxide, a new heterocycle related to anti‐HIV‐1 tricyclic non‐nucleoside agents, is described.
Photomodulated Supramolecular Chirality in Achiral Photoresponsive Rodlike Compounds Nanosegregated from the Helical Nanofilaments of Achiral Bent-Core Molecules (2015)

We prepared a nonchiral mixture of achiral bent-core molecules and photoresponsive rodlike liquid crystalline (LC) molecules. With the help of the isothermal photochemical nematic (N)-isotropic (Iso) phase transition of the photoresponsive rodlike LC molecules, the corresponding phase transition from a dark conglomerate BX phase to another distinguishable dark conglomerate B4 phase took place in the mixture. A large circular dichroism (CD) signal originating from supramolecular chirality was detected in the initial BX phase. On the other hand, the detected CD signal was decreased in the B4 phase after UV irradiation. Interestingly, the decreased CD signal could be reverted to the initial CD signal with visible irradiation. This chiroptical process revealed in this work was stable and reversible and thus opens up the possibility of practical applications such as rewritable optical storage.
On the vortical structure in a plane impinging jet (2001)

The vortical structure of a plane impinging jet is considered. The jet was locked both in phase and laterally in space, and time series digital particle image velocimetry measurements were made both of the jet exiting the nozzle and as it impinged on a perpendicular wall. Iso-vorticity and iso-λ 2 surfaces coupled with critical point theory were used to identify and clarify structure. The flow near the nozzle was much as observed in mixing layers, where the shear layer evolves into spanwise rollers, only here the rollers occurred symmetrically about the jet midplane. Accordingly the rollers were seen to depict spanwise perturbations with the wavelength of flutes at the nozzle edge and were connected, on the same side of the jet, with streamwise ‘successive ribs’ of the same wavelength. This wavelength was 0.71 of the distance between rollers and, contrary to some experiments in mixing layers, did not double when the rollers paired. Structures not reported previously but evident here with iso-vorticity, λ 2 and critical point theory are ‘cross ribs’, which extend from the downstream side of each roller to its counterpart across the symmetry plane; their spanwise periodic spacing exceeds that of successive ribs by a factor of three. Cross ribs stretch because of the diverging flow as the rollers approach the wall and move apart, causing the vorticity within them to intensify. This process continues until the cross ribs reach the wall and merge with ‘wall ribs’. Wall ribs remain near the wall throughout the cycle and are composed of vorticity of the same sign as the cross ribs, but the intensity level of the vorticity within them is cyclic. Details of the expansion of fluid elements, evaluated from the rate of strain tensor, revealed that both cross and successive ribs align with the principal axis and that the vorticity comprising them is continuously amplified by stretching. It is further shown, by appeal to the production terms of the phase-averaged vorticity equation, that wall ribs are sustained by merging and stretching rather than reorientation of vorticity. Moreover production of vorticity is a maximum when cross and wall ribs merge and is greatest near the symmetry plane of the jet. The demise of successive ribs on the other hand occurs away from the symmetry plane and would appear to be less important dynamically than cross ribs merging with wall ribs.
An eigendecomposition approach to weighted graph matching problems (1988)

An approximate solution to the weighted-graph-matching problem is discussed for both undirected and directed graphs. The weighted-graph-matching problem is that of finding the optimum matching between two weighted graphs, which are graphs with weights at each arc. The proposed method uses an analytic instead of a combinatorial or iterative approach to the optimum matching problem. Using the eigendecompositions of the adjacency matrices (in the case of the undirected-graph-matching problem) or Hermitian matrices derived from the adjacency matrices (in the case of the directed-graph-matching problem), a matching close to the optimum can be found efficiently when the graphs are sufficiently close to each other. Simulation results are given to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>