gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial (2015)

UK Medical Research Council.
Launching efficiencies of the HE_1m modes in a self-focusing optical fiber waveguide (1975)

The launching efficiencies of the HE(1m) modes and the over-all launching efficiency are calculated for the cases in which a self-focusing optical fiber is excited axially by a TEM(0n) beam mode or by a beam consisting of several beam modes. It is shown that, when the fiber is excited by a TEM(00) mode whose spot size s is very large compared with the characteristic spot size s(0) of the fiber, the HEM(1m) modes are almost equally excited and that, if s is matched to s(0), the over-all launching efficiency is nearly 100%. The over-all launching efficiency as well as the launching efficiencies of the HE(1m) modes decrease considerably when the fiber is excited by a beam containing the TEM(01) mode that is out of phase with the TEM(00) mode. The effect of the off-axis excitation by a TEM(00) mode on the over-all launching efficiency is also examined.
A novel nanobody-heavy chain antibody against Angiopoietin-like protein 3 reduces plasma lipids and relieves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2022)

We discovered a VHH-Fc fusion protein with high affinity to ANGPTL3, strong stability and also alleviated the progression of NAFLD, which might offer a promising therapy for NAFLD.
Exenterative Surgery of the Pelvis (1973)

Few surgeons perform pelvic exenterations ("sweeps") often enough to be thoroughly familiar with the myriad technical details. There is, therefore, a need for a monograph containing all one needs to know about the procedure. Without doubt, Dr. Eugene Bricker and his coauthors, by right of primogeniture, wealth of practice, and careful analysis of results, are the established worldwide experts not only on the operative technique but on its indications and its results. Monographs are sometimes forced —cramming too much, or expanding too little in a slim little volume. This one is a natural. With characteristic modesty, generosity, and thoroughness, Dr. Bricker reviews the history of the pelvic sweep. As befits a now-accepted routine form of extended surgery, little space is wasted defending an admittedly deforming operative procedure. Numbers speak louder than diatribes. Thirty-nine percent to 42% five-year survival in cancer patients with no evidence of disease, with an operative mortality
Recognition Speed Using a Bioptic Telescope (2008)

Evidently, novice users can quickly acquire proficiency in using a spectacle-mounted bioptic telescope. This task could be used to train new bioptic telescope users in a safe environment and to evaluate their progress.
Ultrasonic-spray-assisted synthesis of metal oxide hollow/mesoporous microspheres for catalytic CO oxidation (2015)

Various transition metal oxide hollow or mesoporous microspheres with improved catalytic activities towards CO oxidation were prepared <italic>via</italic> a general ultrasonic-spray-assisted method.
The Role of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Management of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Clinicians′ View (2009)

Although participants showed a manifest interest in CFD, there was a clear lack of awareness concerning the role of hemodynamics in the etiopathogenesis of IAs and the use of CFD in this context. More efforts therefore are required to enhance understanding of the clinicians in the subject.
Occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux in children (2010)

We suggest that vesicoureteral reflux is more common in children even without urinary-tract infection than has been thought previously. The guidelines recommending a search for reflux by means of voiding cystourethrography should be reconsidered.
Nanotextured Shrink Wrap Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Argon Plasma Etching (2016)

We present a rapid, simple, and scalable approach to achieve superhydrophobic (SH) substrates directly in commodity shrink wrap film utilizing Argon (Ar) plasma. Ar plasma treatment creates a stiff skin layer on the surface of the shrink film. When the film shrinks, the mismatch in stiffness between the stiff skin layer and bulk shrink film causes the formation of multiscale hierarchical wrinkles with nano-textured features. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the presence of these biomimetic structures. Contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) measurements, respectively, defined as values greater than 150° and less than 10°, verified the SH nature of the substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to reliably pattern hydrophilic regions onto the SH substrates, allowing precise capture and detection of proteins in urine. Finally, we achieved self-driven microfluidics via patterning contrasting superhydrophilic microchannels on the SH Ar substrates to induce flow for biosensing.
Validity and reliability of combining three methods to determine ventilatory threshold (2001)

The combined method to determine VT is valid and reliable across a wide fitness range in healthy individuals and improves the determination rate and accuracy of VT determination over the use of single methods.
Dynamic Evolutionary Game-based Modeling, Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Blockchain Channels (2022)

The recent development of channel technology has promised to reduce the transaction verification time in blockchain operations. When transactions are transmitted through the channels created by nodes, the nodes need to cooperate with each other. If one party refuses to do so, the channel is unstable. A stable channel is thus required. Because nodes may show uncooperative behavior, they may have a negative impact on the stability of such channels. In order to address this issue, this work proposes a dynamic evolutionary game model based on node behavior. This model considers various defense strategies' cost and attack success ratio under them. Nodes can dynamically adjust their strategies according to the behavior of attackers to achieve their effective defense. The equilibrium stability of the proposed model can be achieved. The proposed model can be applied to general channel networks. It is compared with two state-of-the-art blockchain channels: Lightning network and Spirit channels. The experimental results show that the proposed model can be used to improve a channel's stability and keep it in a good cooperative stable state. Thus its use enables a blockchain to enjoy higher transaction success ratio and lower transaction transmission delay than the use of its two peers.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Systems. Part 19. Chromium(0)‐, Molybdenum(0)‐, or Tungsten(0)‐Iron(0) Carbonyl Complexes Containing One or Two Bridging Ph2PCH2PPh2 Ligands: Crystal Structure of ((OC)3Mo(μ‐Ph2PCH2PPh2)2Fe(CO)3). (1987)

Abstract Treatment of the mer‐complexes (I) with the Fe carbonyls (II) or (III) leads to the bimetallics (IV).
Algorithms for advance bandwidth reservation in media production networks (2015)

Media production generally requires many geographically distributed actors (e.g., production houses, broadcasters, advertisers) to exchange huge amounts of raw video and audio data. Traditional distribution techniques, such as dedicated point-to-point optical links, are highly inefficient in terms of installation time and cost. To improve efficiency, shared media production networks that connect all involved actors over a large geographical area, are currently being deployed. The traffic in such networks is often predictable, as the timing and bandwidth requirements of data transfers are generally known hours or even days in advance. As such, the use of advance bandwidth reservation (AR) can greatly increase resource utilization and cost efficiency. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming formulation of the bandwidth scheduling problem, which takes into account the specific characteristics of media production networks, is presented. Two novel optimization algorithms based on this model are thoroughly evaluated and compared by means of in-depth simulation results.
Towards Passive Authentication using Inertia Variations: An Experimental Study on Smartphones (2020)

Passive biometrics and behavioral analytics seek to identify users based on their unique patterns of activities. In this paper, we test the feasibility of using time-varying inertia data as passive biometrics to be used for user identification and authentication. We present a deep learning model for inertia pattern recognition that achieved a high accuracy of 87.17%. A fully-connected sequential deep neural network was trained on 6730 sensor data samples, each having 15 features: triaxial measurements from accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and rotational vector. We further discuss the potential impact of inertia pattern recognition for user identification and authentication.
Model Structure Selection and Training Algorithms for an HMM Gesture Recognition System (2004)

Hidden Markov models using the fully-connected, left-right and left-right banded model structures are applied to the problem of alphabetical letter gesture recognition. We examine the effect of training techniques, in particular the Baum-Welch and Viterbi path counting techniques, on each of the model structures. We show that recognition rates improve when moving from a fully-connected model to a left-right model and a left-right banded 'staircase' model with peak recognition rates of 84.8%, 92.31% and 97.31% respectively. The left-right banded model in conjunction with the Viterbi path counting present the best performance. Direct calculation of model parameters from analysis of the physical system was also tested, yielding a peak recognition rate of 92%, but the simplicity and efficiency of this approach is of interest.
Electronic characteristics of ultrathin SrRuO$_3$ films and their relationship with the metal$-$insulator transition (2017)

SrRuO$_3$ (SRO) films are known to exhibit insulating behavior as their thickness approaches four unit cells. We employ electron energy$-$loss (EEL) spectroscopy to probe the spatially resolved electronic structures of both insulating and conducting SRO to correlate them with the metal$-$insulator transition (MIT). Importantly, the central layer of the ultrathin insulating film exhibits distinct features from the metallic SRO. Moreover, EEL near edge spectra adjacent to the SrTiO$_3$ (STO) substrate or to the capping layer are remarkably similar to those of STO. The site$-$projected density of states based on density functional theory (DFT) partially reflects the characteristics of the spectra of these layers. These results may provide important information on the possible influence of STO on the electronic states of ultrathin SRO.
Comparative evaluation of supplemented peptone broth with sodium polyanetholesulfonate and trypticase soy broth with sodium amylosulfate for detection of septicemia (1982)

We compared the yield and speed of detection of clinically important microorganisms from 10,156 paired 5-ml samples of blood cultured in supplemented peptone broth (SPB) with 0.03% sodium polyanetholesulfonate (SPS) or Trypticase soy broth (TSB) with 0.5% sodium amylosulfate (SAS). The atmosphere of incubation (open venting units) and ratio of blood to broth (1:10) were the same for both samples. Only cultures with adequate blood samples (greater than or equal to 80% of stated volume) were compared statistically. Overall, SPB/SPS outperformed TSB/SAS. Bacteroidaceae and Eubacterium were found more often (P less than 0.05) and viridans streptococci were found sooner (P less than 10(-4)) in SPB/SPS than in TSB/SAS. Most importantly, staphylococci were found both more often (P less than 0.03) and sooner (P less than 10(-7)) in SPB/SPS than in TSB/SAS. In a separate experiment, SAS slowed the growth of a clinical strain of Staphylococcus aureus in TSB. Unless important advantages can be confirmed for SAS in controlled clinical trials, SAS cannot be recommended for routine use as an anticoagulant in blood culture media.
Fabrication of slender elastic shells by the coating of curved surfaces (2016)

Various manufacturing techniques exist to produce double-curvature shells, including injection, rotational and blow molding, as well as dip coating. However, these industrial processes are typically geared for mass production and are not directly applicable to laboratory research settings, where adaptable, inexpensive and predictable prototyping tools are desirable. Here, we study the rapid fabrication of hemispherical elastic shells by coating a curved surface with a polymer solution that yields a nearly uniform shell, upon polymerization of the resulting thin film. We experimentally characterize how the curing of the polymer affects its drainage dynamics and eventually selects the shell thickness. The coating process is then rationalized through a theoretical analysis that predicts the final thickness, in quantitative agreement with experiments and numerical simulations of the lubrication flow field. This robust fabrication framework should be invaluable for future studies on the mechanics of thin elastic shells and their intrinsic geometric nonlinearities.
An Adaptive Penalty Formulation for Constrained Evolutionary Optimization (2009)

This paper proposes an adaptive penalty function for solving constrained optimization problems using genetic algorithms. The proposed method aims to exploit infeasible individuals with low objective value and low constraint violation. The number of feasible individuals in the population is used to guide the search process either toward finding more feasible individuals or searching for the optimum solution. The proposed method is simple to implement and does not need any parameter tuning. The performance of the algorithm is tested on 22 benchmark functions in the literature. The results show that the proposed approach is able to find very good solutions comparable to the chosen state-of-the-art designs. Furthermore, it is able to find feasible solutions in every run for all of the benchmark functions tested.
Studies on bi-heterocyclic compounds. I. 6-Substituted dihydro-1,4-thiazinones. (1987)

Reactions of 5-methyl-2H-1, 4-thiazin-3 (4H) -one (4) with various N-acylpyridinium salts (7a-g) led to (N-acyldihydropyridyl) thiazinones (5a-g), oxidation of which yielded a new class of pyridylthiazinones (6a-g). These reactions were applied to the synthesis of other azaarylthiazinones. Some of these azaarylthiazinones, particularly 6- (4-pyridyl) thiazinones (6a, 14a and 14b) showed positive inotropic activity with little chronotropic effect on guinea pig left atria.
A Design Cycle for Echelle Spectrometers (2017)

Echelle spectroscopy is a mature technique that was introduced over 60 years ago. However, the process of determining all of the physical parameters of an echelle spectrometer, especially the main parameters of the echelle grating itself (the groove density, the blaze angle, and the grating’s size), is not easily found in the literature. This paper takes a systematic approach to the problem of designing an echelle spectrometer and develops a design cycle that starts with the main requirements of an echelle spectrometer: the wavelength range, the spectral resolution, and the geometrical optical throughput. It sorts all of the equations that relate the requirements to the physical parameters of the spectrometer, identifies the design parameters (those that are directly selected by the designer), and develops a tool that determines all of the physical parameters of an echelle spectrometer for any given set of requirements.
Advice for Boards of Directors (2021)

The previous chapter laid the groundwork for the habits that one needs to employ to achieve security. In the next two chapters, we are now going to focus on advice for board-level leadership on how to achieve a better state of cybersecurity. In this chapter, we will focus on advice for boards of directors and the types of questions to ask. The following chapter focuses on advice for technology and security professionals that present to boards on the topic of cybersecurity. We encourage both boards and technology/security professionals to read both these chapters so that they know what they should expect of each other.
Assessing Molding Procedure of Compressive Strength Test Specimens for Self-Consolidating Concrete (2010)

Abstract Experimental studies were made by molding the self-consolidating concrete (SCC) with a single layer and comparing strength results with the normal molding procedure. The experiments were conducted to estimate the variation in strength and to provide technique in molding the SCC. The concept was first developed to avoid over-consolidation of concrete and try to simulate the usage of SCC under site conditions. The compressive strength of concrete showed approximately the same results as compared with the compressive strength of concrete that was molded in accordance with the ASTM C31/C31M-06 test method. The degree of concrete control based on standard deviations and coefficient of variations was improved.
Ignition of Nanoscale Titanium/Potassium Perchlorate Pyrotechnic Powder: Reaction Mechanism Study C (2018)

The reaction mechanism and ignition characteristics of the pyrotechnic composite of titanium nanoparticles and micron-sized potassium perchlorate was investigated under rapid heating conditions (∼5 × 10⁵ K/s) by temperature jump (T-Jump) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of titanium nanoparticles show a reactive oxide layer (∼6 nm) composed of amorphous TiO₂ and roughly 20% crystalline TiN and titanium oxynitride. The T-Jump and thermogravimetric analysis reveals the oxide layer to be responsible for catalysis of oxygen release from KClO₄, resulting in ignition temperatures as low as 720 K in atmospheric pressure argon. Fast and slow in situ heating TEM corroborate the findings of oxygen atmosphere ignition characteristics, which illustrate KClO₄ melting and coating of titanium nanoparticles immediately before oxidizer decomposition and titanium oxidation. Unlike aluminum, which has been shown to have a rapid loss of surface area before combustion as a result of sintering, Ti retained its high surface area. A combination of a reactive shell and the preservation of titanium nanostructure under rapid heating may lead to enhanced oxygen diffusion and increased potential for transient energy release.
Daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma (2017)

Proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs have contributed to the dramatic improvement in survival for patients with myeloma over the past decades. However, the disease typically relapses and new classes of drugs are needed. In 2015, two monoclonal antibodies were approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, and immunotherapy has rapidly become indispensable in the management of myeloma patients. Areas covered: Here, the authors discuss the published data regarding the mechanism of action, safety and clinical efficacy of the CD38-targeted monoclonal antibody daratumumab for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Expert opinion: Daratumumab is indicated for myeloma patients who have received at least 3 prior therapies, including bortezomib, lenalidomide and pomalidomide. In 2016, daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone was approved for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. Daratumumab displays an excellent safety profile. Moderate-grade infusion-related reactions occurring mostly during the first infusion are the main treatment-emergent adverse event. In the context of daratumumab therapy, attention should be paid to interference with blood compatibility testing and response assessment. Daratumumab-based combination therapies are currently under evaluation in relapsed and newly diagnosed patients.
Photodynamic therapy to control fibrosis in human glaucomatous eyes after trabeculectomy: a clinical pilot study. (2002)

We report our findings about the first 10 consecutive human glaucomatous eyes treated with a single dose of 80 microg of 2'7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester during trabeculectomy. In contrast to chemotherapeutic agents, cellular photoablation acts only on cells having incorporated 2'7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester and having been exposed to light of an appropriate wavelength. Though safety and efficacy demand a controlled randomized study, our method seems to be an effective therapeutic approach to control postoperative fibrosis in human glaucomatous eyes with a poor surgical prognosis. Multiple factors such as dose of light, means of application, wavelength, irradiation area, total dose of the dye, and multiple dosing may be altered in the future to improve the antifibrotic effect of photodynamic therapy during surgery for glaucoma.
Bidirectional Flow Shop Scheduling with Multi-Machine Capacity and Critical Operation Sequencing (2007)

We study a special bidirectional flow shop problem with multi-machine capacity and sequencing constraints on critical operations. A formulation is proposed in continuous time domain and compared with a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation in discrete time domain. Of particular interest to us is the formulation of the machine utilization function -both in continuous time and in discrete time domain. Fast heuristics are proposed with the relaxation of the machine capacity. The performance of the heuristic and Lagrangian relaxation are compared with optimal solutions experimentally.
Afzeliixanthones A and B, Two New Prenylated Xanthones from Garcinia afzelii Engl. (Guttiferae). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Involvement of cavitation in the appearance of hyperechoic regions in ultrasound image visualization of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy: in-vivo results (2005)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of soft tissues has been shown to result in a hyperechoic region in B-mode ultrasound (US) images. This is believed to result from bubble activity at the HIFU focus. Here, we report our in vivo results of detecting inertial and stable cavitation in correlation with the appearance of a hyperechoic region. The ultrasound system consisted of an HIFU transducer (3.3 MHz), a broadband A-mode transducer for active and passive cavitation detection (ACID and PCD), and US-imaging probe that were all co-focal and synchronized. HIFU, at in situ intensities of 220-1,710 W/cm/sup 2/, was applied for 10 s to pig muscles in vivo at it focal depth of 2 cm. ACD and PCD results showed a strong correlation between the onset of cavitation and the appearance of a hyperechoic region. PCD results showed that inertial cavitation typically occurred prior (within 0.5 s) to the appearance of a hyperchoic region. The observed cavitation activity suggests that bubbles are present during the formation of a hyperechoic region at the HIFU focus.