gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in primary breast cancer patients with circulating tumor cells (2012)

Our data indicate that (1) a subset of primary breast cancer patients shows EMT and stem cell characteristics and (2) the currently used detection methods for CTC are not efficient to identify a subtype of CTC which underwent EMT. (3) The clinical relevance on prognosis and therapy response has to be further evaluated in a prospective trial.
Use of an Optical Trap for Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions for Dynamic Live Cell Imaging (2011)

Dynamic live cell imaging allows direct visualization of real-time interactions between cells of the immune system1, 2; however, the lack of spatial and temporal control between the phagocytic cell and microbe has rendered focused observations into the initial interactions of host response to pathogens difficult. Historically, intercellular contact events such as phagocytosis3 have been imaged by mixing two cell types, and then continuously scanning the field-of-view to find serendipitous intercellular contacts at the appropriate stage of interaction. The stochastic nature of these events renders this process tedious, and it is difficult to observe early or fleeting events in cell-cell contact by this approach. This method requires finding cell pairs that are on the verge of contact, and observing them until they consummate their contact, or do not. To address these limitations, we use optical trapping as a non-invasive, non-destructive, but fast and effective method to position cells in culture. Optical traps, or optical tweezers, are increasingly utilized in biological research to capture and physically manipulate cells and other micron-sized particles in three dimensions4. Radiation pressure was first observed and applied to optical tweezer systems in 19705, 6, and was first used to control biological specimens in 19877. Since then, optical tweezers have matured into a technology to probe a variety of biological phenomena8-13. We describe a method14 that advances live cell imaging by integrating an optical trap with spinning disk confocal microscopy with temperature and humidity control to provide exquisite spatial and temporal control of pathogenic organisms in a physiological environment to facilitate interactions with host cells, as determined by the operator. Live, pathogenic organisms like Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, which can cause potentially lethal, invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals15, 16 (e.g. AIDS, chemotherapy, and organ transplantation patients), were optically trapped using non-destructive laser intensities and moved adjacent to macrophages, which can phagocytose the pathogen. High resolution, transmitted light and fluorescence-based movies established the ability to observe early events of phagocytosis in living cells. To demonstrate the broad applicability in immunology, primary T-cells were also trapped and manipulated to form synapses with anti-CD3 coated microspheres in vivo, and time-lapse imaging of synapse formation was also obtained. By providing a method to exert fine spatial control of live pathogens with respect to immune cells, cellular interactions can be captured by fluorescence microscopy with minimal perturbation to cells and can yield powerful insight into early responses of innate and adaptive immunity.
The proximal balloon occlusion together with direct thrombus aspiration (protect plus) technique: Experience at a tertiary comprehensive stroke center (2023)

The PROTECT Plus technique using a BGC, a distal reperfusion catheter and stent retriever is feasible for recanalization of large vessel occlusions. Successful recanalization, first-pass recanalization and complication rates are similar between PROTECT Plus and non-PROTECT stent retriever techniques. This study adds to an existing body of literature detailing techniques that use both a stent retriever and a distal reperfusion catheter to maximize recanalization for patients with large vessel occlusions.
Suppression of NZB/NZW murine nephritis by administration of a syngeneic monoclonal antibody to DNA. Possible role of anti-idiotypic antibodies. (1983)

Suppression of circulating antibodies to double-stranded DNA was achieved in NZB/NZW f1 female mice by repeated administration of an IgG2a monoclonal antibody to DNA. Deaths from nephritis were delayed; glomerular deposition of IgG and of the cationic IgG DNA antibodies characteristic of murine lupus nephritis were diminished. Quantities of circulating antibodies to single-stranded DNA were not reduced compared with untreated or IgG myeloma-treated control mice. Antibodies directed against the monoclonal anti-DNA appeared in the circulation of treated mice after three inoculations of the idiotype. Those antibodies did not react with another monoclonal anti-DNA of the same allotype. One monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody was obtained in hybridoma cultures derived from a spleen of a treated mouse. Cross-reactive or common idiotypes were found in 30-50% of NZB/NZW f1 sera and monoclonal DNA antibodies. Deletions of portions of the spectrotype of antibodies to DNA were found in sera containing anti-idiotypic antibodies, suggesting suppression of clones producing antibodies with isoelectric points similar to that of the immunizing idiotype. Deletions of some of the anti-idiotypic antibodies also occurred as the mice aged. Rheumatoid factors were not detectable in any sera. Therefore, administration of an antibody to DNA bearing an idiotype occurring with high frequency in NZB/NZW f1 females resulted in relatively specific suppression of the antibody response to double-stranded DNA, as well as suppression of nephritis. Reduction of anti-DNA synthesis by anti-idiotypic antibodies may have been an important suppressive mechanism. Experiments are in progress to test this hypothesis.
Analysis of HOM interaction between cavities by multimodal S-parameter measurements (2002)

Accelerating cavities exchange HOM power through interconnecting beam pipes in case of signal frequencies above the cut-off of their propagating waveguide modes. This may lead either to improved HOM damping or-in the case most severe-to unwanted phase coherence of fields to the beam. Therefore the knowledge of the scattering properties of a cavity as a line element is needed to analyse all kinds of RF cavity-cavity interaction. Since there is a lack of measurement tools capable to provide a multidimensional scattering matrix at a given frequency point, we have been developing a method for this purpose. It uses a set of 2-port S-parameters of the device under test, embedded in a number of geometrically different RF environments. The application of the method is demonstrated with copper models of TESLA cavities.
Trawling Traffic under Attack, Overcoming DDoS Attacks by Target-Controlled Traffic Filtering (2009)

As more and more services are provided by servers via the Internet, Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks pose an increasing threat to the Internet community. A DoS attack overloads the target server with a large volume of adverse requests, thereby rendering the server unavailable to ¿well-behaved¿ users. Recently, the novel paradigm of traffic ownership that enables the clients of Internet service providers (ISP) to configure their own traffic processing policies has gained popularity. In this paper, we propose two algorithms belonging to this paradigm that allow attack targets to dynamically filter their incoming traffic based on a distributed policy. The proposed algorithms defend the target against DoS and distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks and simultaneously ensure that it continues to receive valuable users' traffic. In a nutshell, a target can define a filtering policy which consists of a set of traffic classification rules and the corresponding amounts of traffic, measured in bandwidth units, which match each rule. The filtering algorithm is enforced by the ISP's or the Network Service Provider's (NSP) routers when a target is being overloaded with traffic. The goal is to maximize the amount of filtered traffic forwarded to the target, according to the filtering policy, from the ISP's or the NSP's network. The first algorithm we propose relies on complete collaboration among the ISP/NSP routers. It computes the filtering policy in polynomial time and delivers the best possible traffic mix to the target. The second algorithm is a distributed algorithm which assumes no collaboration among the ISP/NSP routers, each router only uses local information about its incoming traffic. We show the intuition behind the proof of lower bound on the second algorithm's worst-case performance.
Personal privacy vs population privacy (2011)

Over the last decade great strides have been made in developing techniques to compute functions privately. In particular, Differential Privacy gives strong promises about conclusions that can be drawn about an individual. In contrast, various syntactic methods for providing privacy (criteria such as k-anonymity and l-diversity) have been criticized for still allowing private information of an individual to be inferred. In this paper, we consider the ability of an attacker to use data meeting privacy definitions to build an accurate classifier. We demonstrate that even under Differential Privacy, such classifiers can be used to infer "private" attributes accurately in realistic data. We compare this to similar approaches for inference-based attacks on other forms of anonymized data. We show how the efficacy of all these attacks can be measured on the same scale, based on the probability of successfully inferring a private attribute. We observe that the accuracy of inference of private attributes for differentially private data and $l$-diverse data can be quite similar.
Validation for equation of state in wide regime: Copper as prototype (2016)

In this paper we introduce the wide regime equation of state (WEOS) developed in Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM). A semi-empirical model of the WEOS is given by a thermodynamically complete potential of the Helmholtz free energy which combines several theoretical models and has some adjustable parameters calibrated via some experimental and theoretical data. The validation methods of the equation of state in wide regime are presented using copper as a prototype. The results of the WEOS are well consistent with the available theoretical and experimental data, including ab initio cold curve under compression, isotherm, Hugoniot, off-Hugoniot and sound velocity data. It enhances our confidence in the accuracy of the WEOS, which is very important for the validation and verification of equation of state in high temperature and pressure technology.
Deoxyribonuclease I sensitivity of the T-DNA ipt gene is associated with gene expression (1988)

We have analyzed the chromatin structure of the T-DNA isopentenyl transferase gene, ipt, in four Nicotiana tabacum crown gall tumor lines. These four transformed lines contain identical T-DNA inserts and are derivatives of a single clone that did not exhibit any tumorous properties and contained a highly methylated, nonexpressed copy of T-DNA. One of the derivatives also does not exhibit tumorous properties, and the T-DNA of this line is not expressed. The other three lines have reverted to tumorous growth either spontaneously or after treatment with the inhibitor of DNA methylation, 5-azacytidine. Concomitant with this reversion to tumorous growth, expression of the ipt gene of these lines has reinitiated. In the lines that express the ipt gene, the chromatin structure of this gene exists in a conformation that is more accessible to DNase I than in the line in which this gene is not expressed. The level of ipt expression and DNase I sensitivity was independent of the process by which the transformed cell lines reverted to tumorous growth. The relationship of chromatin structure to gene expression and DNA methylation in these lines is discussed.
Heat exchange between strands and guide rollers in the secondary cooling zone of a slab continuous casting machine (1982)

Measuring of temperatures at different distances from the surface of the guide rollers without inside cooling in the secondary cooling zone of slab caster. Computation of the temperature field of the rollers and the flows of heat into and out of the rollers by using mathematical models. Discussion about the influence of the length of the strand and the cooling conditions. Comparison with the heat transfer by spray cooling. Temperaturmessungen in verschiedenen Abständen von der Oberfläche der Führungsrollen ohne Innenkühlung in der Sekundärkühlzone einer Brammen-Stranggießmaschine. Berechnung des Temperaturfeldes der Rollen und des Wärmeflusses in die Rollen und aus den Rollen unter Verwendung mathematischer Modelle. Besprechung des Einflusses von Warmstranglänge und Kühlbedingungen. Vergleich mit dem durch Sprühkühlung bewirkten Wärmeübergang. Des mesurages de température dans des distances différentes à partir de la surface des rouleaux-guide sans refroidissement intérieur dans la zone secondaire de refroidissement d'une machine à coulée continue à brames. Détermination par le calcul du champ de températures des rouleaux et du flux thermique vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur en se servant de modèles mathématiques. Discussion concernant l'influence de la longueur de la barre chaude et les conditions de refroidissement. Comparaison avec le transfert de chaleur causé par du refroidissement par aspersion.
Pooled analysis of osilodrostat dosing across LINC 2, LINC 3 and LINC 4 in Cushing's disease (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
An Ionic Liquid Surface Treatment for Corrosion Protection of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 (2006)

We describe here the development of protective surface films on a Mg alloy in ionic liquids (ILs) based on the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA) anion. The film is shown to provide improved corrosion resistance to the alloy against humid environments as well as in the presence of chloride. Film formation is the result of the extreme reactivity of the metal in the IL, which provides a unique, concentrated medium of the desired reactive species, in this case the TFSA anion. The duration of the treatment is shown to influence the thickness and morphology of the resulting film and hence its protectiveness.
The Role of Type VI Collagen in Alveolar Bone (2022)

Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the role of Type VI collagen in muscle and tendon, however, its role in oral tissues remains unclear. In this study, an α2(VI) deficient mouse (<i>Col6α2</i>-KO) model was used to examine the role of Type VI collagen in oral tissues. Tissue volume and mineral density were measured in oral tissues by µCT. Proteome analysis was performed using protein extracted from alveolar bone. In addition, alveolar bone was evaluated with a periodontitis induced model. µCT analysis showed the <i>Col6α2</i>-KO mice had less volume of alveolar bone, dentin and dental pulp, while the width of periodontal ligament (PDL) was greater than WT. The mineral density in alveolar bone and dentin were elevated in <i>Col6α2</i>-KO mice compared with WT. Our proteome analysis showed significant changes in proteins related to ECM organization and elevation of proteins associated with biomineralization in the <i>Col6α2</i>-KO mice. In induced periodontitis, <i>Col6α2</i>-KO mice had greater alveolar bone loss compared with WT. In conclusion, Type VI collagen has a role in controlling biomineralization in alveolar bone and that changes in the ECM of alveolar bone could be associated with greater bone loss due to periodontitis.
Hybrid Electrodes by In-Situ Integration of Graphene and Carbon-Nanotubes in Polypyrrole for Supercapacitors (2015)

Supercapacitors also known as electrochemical capacitors, that store energy via either Faradaic or non-Faradaic processes, have recently grown popularity mainly because they complement, and can even replace, conventional energy storage systems in variety of applications. Supercapacitor performance can be improved significantly by developing new nanocomposite electrodes which utilizes both the energy storage processes simultaneously. Here we report, fabrication of the freestanding hybrid electrodes, by incorporating graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in pyrrole monomer via its in-situ polymerization. At the scan rate of 5 mV s(-1), the specific capacitance of the polypyrrole-CNT-graphene (PCG) electrode film was 453 F g(-1) with ultrahigh energy and power density of 62.96 W h kg(-1) and 566.66 W kg(-1) respectively, as shown in the Ragone plot. A nanofibrous membrane was electrospun and effectively used as a separator in the supercapacitor. Four supercapacitors were assembled in series to demonstrate the device performance by lighting a 2.2 V LED.
Response of Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms to Land Use Change in the Amazon Rainforest (2013)

The Amazon rainforest, the largest equatorial forest in the world, is being cleared for pasture and agricultural use at alarming rates. Tropical deforestation is known to cause alterations in microbial communities at taxonomic and phylogenetic levels, but it is unclear whether microbial functional groups are altered. We asked whether free-living nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) respond to deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, using analysis of the marker gene nifH. Clone libraries were generated from soil samples collected from a primary forest, a 5-year-old pasture originally converted from primary forest, and a secondary forest established after pasture abandonment. Although diazotroph richness did not significantly change among the three plots, diazotroph community composition was altered with forest-to-pasture conversion, and phylogenetic similarity was higher among pasture communities than among those in forests. There was also 10-fold increase in nifH gene abundance following conversion from primary forest to pasture. Three environmental factors were associated with the observed changes: soil acidity, total N concentration, and C/N ratio. Our results suggest a partial restoration to initial levels of abundance and community structure of diazotrophs following pasture abandonment, with primary and secondary forests sharing similar communities. We postulate that the response of diazotrophs to land use change is a direct consequence of changes in plant communities, particularly the higher N demand of pasture plant communities for supporting aboveground plant growth.
NI (PT) SI Thermal Stability Improvement by Carbon Implantation (2008)

The thermal stability of Ni(Pt)-silicides by carbon implantation was evaluated. The Ni(Pt)-silicide morphology and phase formation were studied by means of sheet resistance (Rs) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) inspection, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The substrate crystallinity, carbon implantation dose and energy and the anneal conditions determine the stability of the silicide. Platinum and carbon increase the phase stability of Ni-silicide at high temperatures by increasing the disilicide nucleation temperature. The dominant degradation mechanism is morphological degradation for the NiPtSi:C films whereas transition to the NiSi2 phase is the dominant degradation mechanism for NiSi:C films. As compared to carbon incorporation by epitaxial growth of Si:C, the carbon implant has the advantage of being a simple technique that can also be applied to pMOS devices.
The Dual Role of AQP4 in Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Edema Following Spinal Cord Contusion and Its Possible Association With Energy Metabolism via COX5A (2019)

Spinal cord edema, mainly including vasogenic and cytotoxic edema, influences neurological outcome after spinal cord contusion (SCC). Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the most ubiquitous water channel in the central nervous system (CNS), which is a rate-limiting factor in vasogenic edema expressing in brain injury, and it contributes to the formation of cytotoxic edema locating in astrocytes. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of AQP4 within vasogenic and cytotoxic edema in SCC, and whether the regulation mechanism of AQP4 is related to Cytochrome coxidase (COX5A) affecting energy metabolism. Therefore, the SCC model is established by Allen's method, and the degree of edema and neuronal area is measured. The motor function of rats is evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system. Meanwhile, AQP4 and COX5A are detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB). The localization of targeted protein is exhibited by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Additionally, the methodology of AQP4 lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (AQP4-RNAi) is used to reveal the effect on edema of SCC and the regulating molecular mechanism. Firstly, we observe that the tissue water content increases after SCC and decreases after the peak value of tissue water content at 3 days (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with abundant expression of AQP4 protein locating around vascular endothelial cells (VECs), which suggests that the increasing AQP4 promotes water reabsorption and improves vasogenic edema in the early stage of SCC. However, the neuronal area is larger than in the sham group in the 7 days (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with the total water content of spinal cord decrease. Meanwhile, AQP4 migrates from VECs to neuronal cytomembrane, which indicates that AQP4 plays a crucial role in aggravating the formation and development of cytotoxic edema in the middle stages of SCC. Secondly, AQP4-RNAi is used to elucidate the mechanism of AQP4 to edema of SCC. The neuronal area shrinks and the area of cytotoxic edema reduces after AQP4 downregulation. The BBB scores are significantly higher than in the vector group after AQP4-RNAi at 5, 7, and 14 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There is a relationship between AQP4 and COX5A shown by bioinformatics analysis. After AQP4 inhibition, the expression of COX5A is significantly upregulated in the swelling astrocytes. Therefore, the inhibition of AQP4 expression reduces cytotoxic edema in SCC and improves motor function, which may be associated with upregulation of COX5A via affecting energy metabolism. Moreover, it is not clear how the inhibition of AQP4 directly causes the upregulation of COX5A.
Proactive Handover in Heterogeneous Networks Using SIPs (2008)

In some areas, overlapping networks provide alternative wireless links like WLAN, GSM, 3G etc. Ideally, the user should be connected to the most attractive network any time according to predefined priorities. This is accomplished with automatic handover. The most likely commercial application of this type is designed for speech, and is using SIP to set up VoIP calls through WLAN networks or mobile networks. To make the handover time as short as possible is essential to make it attractive. This is best done by preparing the alternative networks before the handover is needed. This is called proactive handover. This paper suggests changes to some of the basic SIP messages that open for proactive handover in SIP and help reduce the delays when roaming.
Radiation hardening of gated x-ray imagers for the National Ignition Facility (invited) (2010)

The National Ignition Facility will soon be producing x-ray flux and neutron yields higher than any produced in laser driven implosion experiments in the past. Even a non-igniting capsule will require x-ray imaging of near burning plasmas at 10(17) neutrons, requiring x-ray recording systems to work in more hostile conditions than we have encountered in past laser facilities. We will present modeling, experimental data and design concepts for x-ray imaging with electronic recording systems for this environment (ARIANE). A novel instrument, active readout in a nuclear environment, is described which uses the time-of-flight difference between the gated x-ray signal and the neutron which induces a background signal to increase the yield at which gated cameras can be used.