gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-throughput screening in heterogeneous catalysis (2004)

Foreword. Preface. 1. Impact of High-Throughput Screening Technologies on Chemical Catalysis (W. Weinberg & H. Turner). 2. Mastering the Challenges of Catalyst Screening in High-Throughput Experimentation for Heterogeneously Catalyzed Gas-Phase Reactions (S. Schunk, et al.). 3. High-Throughput Workflow Development: Strategies and Examples in Heterogeneous Catalysis (H. Bergh). 4. Integrated Microreactor Set-ups for High-Throughput Screening and Methods for the Evaluations of Low-Density Screening Data (A. Muller & K. Drese). 5. Two Exemplied Combinatorial Approaches for Catalytic Liquid-Solid and Gas-Solid Processes in Oil Refining and Fine Chemicals (J. Serra & A. Corma). 6. Present Trends in the Application of Genetic Algorithms to Heterogeneous Catalysis (M. Holena). 7. Relative Quantification of Catalytic Activity in Combinatorial Libraries by Emissivity-Corrected Infrared Thermography (G. Kirsten & W. Maier). 8. Gas Sensor Technology for the High-Throughput Screening in Catalysis (Y. Yamada & T. Kobayashi). 9. Parallel approaches to the Synthesis and Testing of Catalysts for Liquid Phase Reactions (P. Pescarmona, et al.). 10. Combinatorial Strategies for Speeding up Discovery and Optimization of Heterogeneous Catalysts on the Academic Laboratory Scale: A Case Study of Hydrogeneous Purification for Feeding PEM Fuel Cells (D. Farrusseng & C. Mirodatos). 11. Combinatorial Synthesis and High-Throughput Screening of Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts (P. Strasser, et al.). 12. High-Throughput Approaches in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis (V. Murphy). Subject Index.
Predictors of change in asthma-related quality of life: a longitudinal real-life study in adult asthmatics (2023)

Asthma control and BMI are key predictors of asthma quality of life acting in an opposite direction. AQLQ may improve without step-up in the pharmacological treatment.
Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts (2016)

Emerging smart contract systems over decentralized cryptocurrencies allow mutually distrustful parties to transact safely without trusted third parties. In the event of contractual breaches or aborts, the decentralized blockchain ensures that honest parties obtain commensurate compensation. Existing systems, however, lack transactional privacy. All transactions, including flow of money between pseudonyms and amount transacted, are exposed on the blockchain. We present Hawk, a decentralized smart contract system that does not store financial transactions in the clear on the blockchain, thus retaining transactional privacy from the public's view. A Hawk programmer can write a private smart contract in an intuitive manner without having to implement cryptography, and our compiler automatically generates an efficient cryptographic protocol where contractual parties interact with the blockchain, using cryptographic primitives such as zero-knowledge proofs. To formally define and reason about the security of our protocols, we are the first to formalize the blockchain model of cryptography. The formal modeling is of independent interest. We advocate the community to adopt such a formal model when designing applications atop decentralized blockchains.
Data Management: The Data Life Cycle (2012)

The scientific site of Kiel provides support for projects with data management requirements due to project size or interdisciplinarity. This infrastructure is the Kiel Data Management Infrastructure (KDMI) and was initially created by SFB574, SFB754, Excellence Cluster ‘The Future Ocean‘ and the GEOMAR | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel.&#13;\nTo achieve public data availability from publicly funded projects by the end of the funding period it is necessary to initiate the data acquisition during the data creation process. Accordingly the KDMI uses a three level approach to achieve this goal in SOPRAN III. Data management is al- ready involvedin the planning of expeditions or experiments. The resulting schedule for data files can be used by the project coordinationto increase the efficeny of data sharing within SOPRAN III. The scientists provide files with basic metainformation, which are available within the virtual research environment as soon as possible to all project members. Final data will be transferred to PANGAEA for long term availability when the data are analysed and interpreted in a scientific publication or by the end of SOPRAN III.&#13;\nThe Kiel Data Management Team offers a portal for all GEOMAR and University Kiel marine projects. This portal will be used in SOPRAN III in combination with PANGAEA to fulfill the project’s data management requirements and to enhance the data sharing within SOPRAN III by a file sharing environment for preliminary data not yet suitable for PANGAEA.
Single Transverse Mode Selectively Oxidized Vertical Cavity Lasers (2000)

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) sources have been adopted into Gigabit Ethernet applications in a remarkably short time period. VCSELs are particularly suitable for multimode optical fiber local area networks (LANs), due to their reduced threshold current, circular output beam, and inexpensive and high volume manufacture. Moreover, selectively oxidized VCSELs are nearly ideal LAN sources since the oxide aperture within the laser cavity produces strong electrical and optical confinement which enables high electrical to optical conversion efficiency and minimal modal discrimination allowing emission into multiple transverse optical modes. In addition to the large demand for multimode lasers, VCSELs which emit into a single optical mode are also increasingly sought for emerging applications, which include data communication with single mode optical fiber, bar code scanning, laser printing, optical read/write heads, and modulation spectroscopy. To achieve single mode selectively oxidized VCSELs is a challenging task, since the inherent index confinement within these high performance lasers is very large.
Venous capacity and compliance in hypertensive adults: influence of hypoxia and hyperoxia (2023)

In hypertension, the cardiorespiratory responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation (hypoxia) and inactivation (hyperoxia) are reportedly augmented, but the impact on peripheral venous function is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that in hypertensives, both hypoxia and hyperoxia evoke more pronounced changes in lower limb venous capacity and compliance, than in age-matched normotensives. In 10 hypertensive [HTN: 7 women; age: 71.7 ± 3.7 yr, mean blood pressure (BP): 101 ± 10 mmHg, mean ± SD] and 11 normotensive (NT: 6 women; age: 67.7 ± 8.0 yr, mean BP 89 ± 11 mmHg) participants, great saphenous vein cross-sectional area (GSV CSA; Doppler ultrasound) was measured during a standard 60 mmHg thigh cuff inflation-deflation protocol. Separate conditions of room air, hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen ([Formula: see text]): 0.10] and hyperoxia ([Formula: see text]: 0.50) were tested. In HTN, GSV CSA was decreased in hypoxia (5.6 ± 3.7 mm<sup>2</sup>, <i>P</i> = 0.041) compared with room air (7.3 ± 6.9 mm<sup>2</sup>), whereas no change was observed with hyperoxia (8.0 ± 9.1 mm<sup>2</sup>, <i>P</i> = 0.988). In NT, no differences in GSV CSA were observed between any condition (<i>P</i> = 0.299). Hypoxia enhanced GSV compliance in HTN (-0.0125 ± 0.0129 vs. -0.0288 ± 0.0090 mm<sup>2</sup>·100 mm<sup>2</sup>·mmHg<sup>-1</sup>, room air vs. hypoxia, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.004), but it was unchanged in NT (-0.0139 ± 0.0121 vs. -0.0093 ± 0.0066 mm<sup>2</sup>·100 mm<sup>2</sup>·mmHg<sup>-1</sup>, room air vs. hypoxia, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.541). Venous compliance was unaltered with hyperoxia in both groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In summary, compared with NT, hypoxia elicits a decrease in GSV CSA and enhanced GSV compliance in HTN, indicating enhanced venomotor responsiveness to hypoxia.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Hypertension remains a significant global health problem. Although hypertension research and therapies are keenly focused on the heart and arterial circulation, the venous circulation has been neglected comparatively. We determined whether hypoxia, known to cause peripheral chemoreflex activation, evoked more pronounced changes in lower limb venous capacity and compliance in hypertensives (HTN) than in age-matched normotensives (NT). We found that hypoxia reduced venous capacity in the great saphenous vein in HTN and increased its compliance twofold. However, hypoxia did not affect venous function in NT. Our data indicate the venomotor response to hypoxia is enhanced in hypertension, and this may contribute to the hypertensive state.
Human mesenchymal stem cells ectopically expressing full-length dystrophin can complement Duchenne muscular dystrophy myotubes by cell fusion (2005)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent inheritable muscle disease. It is caused by mutations in the approximately 2.5-megabase dystrophin (Dys) encoding gene. Therapeutic attempts at DMD have relied on injection of allogeneic Dys-positive myoblasts. The immune rejection of these cells and their limited availability have prompted the search for alternative therapies and sources of myogenic cells. Stem cell-based gene therapy aims to restore tissue function by the transplantation of gene-corrected autologous cells. It depends on (i) the capacity of stem cells to participate in tissue regeneration and (ii) the efficient genetic correction of defective autologous stem cells. We explored the potential of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) genetically modified with the full-length Dys-coding sequence to engage in myogenesis. By tagging hMSCs with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or the membrane dye PKH26, we demonstrated that they could participate in myotube formation when cultured together with differentiating human myoblasts. Experiments performed with EGFP-marked hMSCs and DsRed-labeled DMD myoblasts revealed that the EGFP-positive DMD myotubes were also DsRed-positive indicating that hMSCs participate in human myogenesis through cellular fusion. Finally, we showed that hMSCs transduced with a tropism-modified high-capacity hybrid viral vector encoding full-length Dys could complement the genetic defect of DMD myotubes.
Antifreeze and ice-nucleator proteins (2010)

Supercooling ability is a critical component among the suite of adaptations contributing to subzero temperature-tolerance of insects, whether they follow freeze-tolerance or freeze-avoidance strategies. Supercooling points (SCP, nucleation temperature, or crystallization temperature) of insects and other terrestrial arthropods range tremendously, from −2 °C to −100 °C or lower. Supercooling is affected by a number of factors, including the volume and water content of the organism, and the ability of the body surface to prevent inoculative freezing by external ice. However, the topics of this review, ice nucleators and antifreeze proteins, are often of critical importance. Antifreezes can be both small-molecular-mass solutes, such as polyhydroxyl alcohols that depress the freezing point of water on a strictly colligative basis, and high-molecular-mass molecules such as antifreeze proteins that suppress freezing by a non-colligative mechanism. Freeze-tolerant species often exhibit high SCPs (above −10 °C) and have selected for extracellular ice nucleators, while freeze-avoiding insects generally have selected against ice nucleators and for antifreezes, allowing them to supercool below ambient temperatures to which they are exposed over the winter. This review will attempt to provide a broad update on ice nucleators, antifreeze proteins and related adaptations in insects and other arthropods, primarily from the standpoint of how they function in organisms to promote winter survival.
Self‐Assembly and Self‐Organization: Important Processes, But Can We Predict Them? (2004)

Abstract Two aggregation processes of amphiphilic molecules, i.e., molecules consisting of a hydrophilic head group and a hydrophobic tail, are presented. Self‐assembly of these amphiphiles is based on non‐directed and non‐selective intermolecular interactions such as van der Waals attraction between hydrocarbon chains and repulsion between charged or hydrated head groups. Self‐organization, on the other hand, is based on directed and selective interactions such as hydrogen bonds. The aggregation behavior of amphiphiles and surfactants is often explained using the molecule‐specific packing parameter P = v/a 0 l c, with a 0 being the optimal head group area, v the volume of the hydrocarbon chain, and l c the critical chain length. The reliability of the packing parameter concept in predicting mesophases and molecular aggregates based on these geometrical considerations is evaluated, and shortcomings of this concept are illustrated with many examples. More reliable model simulations are presented, which provide reasonable to good agreement between calculated phase behavior and experimental results. A hands‐on approach in predicting and tailoring self‐assembly and self‐organization is proposed using the monomer solubility as a measure, and its feasibility is demonstrated.
Characterization of the distal promoter element of halobacteria in vivo using saturation mutagenesis and selection (1996)

The sequence and spacing requirements of the archaeal "distal promoter element' (DPE) were examined by randomizing positions -19 to -32 upstream of the transcriptional start site of the ferredoxin (fdx) promoter of Halobacterium salinarium. This randomized promoter library containing 4(14) entries was cloned in front of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) reporter gene and transformed into Haloferax volcanii. Two approaches were used to characterize these synthetic promoters. First, 1040 independent clones were randomly chosen and their degrees of trimethoprim resistance were determined. The sequences of 20 clones that were either sensitive, partially resistant or very resistant, respectively, were determined. Secondly, the transformed library was screened by direct selection for high-activity promoters by growing transformants in the presence of trimethoprim. Both approaches produced the following consensus sequence for a halobacterial promoter: (Formula: see text) (where R = A or G; Y = C or T; W = A or T; S = G or C; N = A, C, G or T). Further characterization of two sensitive, two partially resistant, and two very resistant clones verified that DHFR activity and cell phenotype are directly correlated. Sensitive clones did not contain detectable dhfr mRNA, whereas partially resistant clones contained a 700 nucleotide (nt)-long transcript, and very resistant clones contained both the 700nt-long transcript and a second, more abundant, 500nt-long truncated transcript. Quantification of the dhfr mRNA and DHFR enzyme activity suggests that the 3'-untranslated region of the dhfr transcript, missing from the shorter transcript, functions as a negative regulator of translation.
Direct activation of STAT5 by ETV6‐LYN fusion protein promotes induction of myeloproliferative neoplasm with myelofibrosis (2011)

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), a group of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders, are often accompanied by myelofibrosis. We previously identified the fusion of the ETV6 gene to the LYN gene (ETV6-LYN) in idiopathic myelofibrosis with ins(12;8)(p13;q11q21). The introduction of ETV6-LYN into HSCs resulted in fatal MPN with massive myelofibrosis in mice, implicating the rearranged LYN kinase in the pathogenesis of MPN with myelofibrosis. However, the signalling molecules directly downstream from and activated by ETV6-LYN remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the direct activation of STAT5 by ETV6-LYN is crucial for the development of MPN. ETV6-LYN was constitutively active as a kinase through autophosphorylation. ETV6-LYN, but not its kinase-dead mutant, supported cytokine-free proliferation of haematopoietic cells. STAT5 was activated in a JAK2-independent manner in ETV6-LYN-expressing cells. ETV6-LYN interacted with STAT5 and directly activated STAT5 both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, ETV6-LYN did not support the formation of colonies by Stat5-deficient HSCs under cytokine-free conditions and the capacity of ETV6-LYN to induce MPN with myelofibrosis was profoundly attenuated in a Stat5-null background. These findings define STAT5 as a direct target of ETV6-LYN and unveil the LYN-STAT5 axis as a novel pathway to augment proliferative signals in MPN and leukaemia.
Uniform diamond coatings on WC-Co hard alloy cutting inserts deposited by a microwave plasma CVD (2017)

Polycrystalline diamond coatings have been grown on cemented carbide substrates with different aspect ratios by a microwave plasma CVD in methane-hydrogen gas mixtures. To protect the edges of the substrates from non-uniform heating due to the plasma edge effect, a special plateholder with pockets for group growth has been used. The difference in heights of the substrates and plateholder, and its influence on the diamond film mean grain size, growth rate, phase composition and stress was investigated. The substrate temperature range, within which uniform diamond films are produced with good adhesion, is determined. The diamond-coated cutting inserts produced at optimized process exhibited a reduction of cutting force and wear resistance by a factor of two, and cutting efficiency increase by 4.3 times upon turning A390 Al-Si alloy as compared to performance of uncoated tools.
Discovery of Lung Cancer Biomarkers by Profiling the Plasma Proteome with Monoclonal Antibody Libraries (2011)

A challenge in the treatment of lung cancer is the lack of early diagnostics. Here, we describe the application of monoclonal antibody proteomics for discovery of a panel of biomarkers for early detection (stage I) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We produced large monoclonal antibody libraries directed against the natural form of protein antigens present in the plasma of NSCLC patients. Plasma biomarkers associated with the presence of lung cancer were detected via high throughput ELISA. Differential profiling of plasma proteomes of four clinical cohorts, totaling 301 patients with lung cancer and 235 healthy controls, identified 13 lung cancer-associated (p < 0.05) monoclonal antibodies. The monoclonal antibodies recognize five different cognate proteins identified using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. Four of the five antigens were present in non-small cell lung cancer cells in situ. The approach is capable of generating independent antibodies against different epitopes of the same proteins, allowing fast translation to multiplexed sandwich assays. Based on these results, we have verified in two independent clinical collections a panel of five biomarkers for classifying patient disease status with a diagnostics performance of 77% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Combining CYFRA, an established cancer marker, with the panel resulted in a performance of 83% sensitivity at 95% specificity for stage I NSCLC.
explorase: Multivariate Exploratory Analysis and Visualization for Systems Biology (2008)

The datasets being produced by high-throughput biological experiments, such as microarrays, have forced biologists to turn to sophisticated statistical analysis and visualization tools in order to understand their data. We address the particular need for an open-source exploratory data analysis tool that applies numerical methods in coordination with interactive graphics to the analysis of experimental data. The software package, known as explorase, provides a graphical user interface (GUI) on top of the R platform for statistical computing and the GGobi software for multivariate interactive graphics. The GUI is designed for use by biologists, many of whom are unfamiliar with the R language. It displays metadata about experimental design and biological entities in tables that are sortable and filterable. There are menu shortcuts to the analysis methods implemented in R, including graphical interfaces to linear modeling tools. The GUI is linked to data plots in GGobi through a brush tool that simultaneously colors rows in the entity information table and points in the GGobi plots.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Procedure for the Preparation of Highly Functionalized Di‐ and Tetrahydropyridines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multimodal therapy of epithelioid pleural mesothelioma: improved survival by changing the surgical treatment approach (2022)

EPD/HITOC is feasible and safe for localized epithelioid pleural mesothelioma. Changing the surgical approach to a less radical lung-sparing technique may improve overall survival compared to trimodal EPP.
Nitroaldol condensation catalyzed by topologically modulable cooperative acid–base chitosan–TiO2hybrid materials (2014)

Chitosan–TiO2 shaped as macroporous aerogels, lamellar cryogels or electrospun films act synergistically as acid–base bifunctional catalysts. Depending on the topology of the material, a marked difference in the selectivity for nitroaldol condensation is observed.
Co-designing Patient-centered Health Communication Tools for Cancer Care (2013)

When oncologists meet their newly diagnosed cancer patients for the first time, they discuss five key topics: diagnosis, prognosis, metastasis, and treatment options and their associated side effects. Studies have shown, however, that while oncologists may feel they have met the informational needs
Modelling of coupled phenomena in electromagnetic levitation (1985)

The process of levitation melting of metals has some important advantages like cleanliness and superheating. In order to optimize this fusion process we present here a model of the coupled aspects of the magnetic field and of the equilibrium geometry of the liquid metal. In a rather simple configuration of a levitated charge in a conic wire we determine the equilibrium form of the charge by minimizing the energy of the system with an iterative variational method. In each step the crucial point is the calculation of magnetic values which is facilitated by simple discretization of the free surface. The resolution of the linear system with no discretization of all space reduces computer memory requirement.
Micromechanics of the Deformation and Failure Kinetics of Semicrystalline Polymers (2013)

An elasto-viscoplastic two-phase composite inclusion-based model for the mechanical performance of semicrystalline materials has previously been developed. This research focuses on adding quantitative abilities to the model, in particular for the stress-dependence of the rate of plastic deformation, referred to as the yield kinetics. A key issue in achieving that goal is the description of the rate-dependence of slip along crystallographic planes. The model is used to predict time-to-failure for a range of static loads and temperatures. Application to oriented materials shows a distinct influence of individual slip systems.