gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Steel in Multiple Ethanol Environments (2010)

Abstract Significant concerns currently exist regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of steel pipeline and terminal facilities used to handle fuel grade ethanol. Various factors have been associated with ethanol SCC (SCC) of carbon steels and include conditions that promote crack initiation and growth, corrosion potential, dissolved oxygen concentration levels, water content, and the chemical species of the ethanol itself. Recently, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was conducted to investigate and compare the SCC behavior of different fuel grade ethanol feedstock under varying test conditions. The testing methodology included notched slow strain rate (N-SSR) tests for the determination of crack growth rates, and threshold stress intensity for SCC using a fracture-mechanics based approach. The N-SSR tests were further augmented with electrochemical characterizations and pre- and post-test chemical analyses of the ethanol solutions. This paper discusses the testing approach and summarizes the key findings of this program.
Synergistic Effect of CTLA-4 Blockade and Cancer Chemotherapy in the Induction of Anti-Tumor Immunity (2013)

Several chemotherapeutics exert immunomodulatory effects. One of these is the nucleoside analogue gemcitabine, which is widely used in patients with lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma and several other types of cancer, but with limited efficacy. We hypothesized that the immunopotentiating effects of this drug are partly restrained by the inhibitory T cell molecule CTLA-4 and thus could be augmented by combining it with a blocking antibody against CTLA-4, which on its own has recently shown beneficial clinical effects in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Here we show, using two non-immunogenic murine tumor models, that treatment with gemcitabine chemotherapy in combination with CTLA-4 blockade results in the induction of a potent anti-tumor immune response. Depletion experiments demonstrated that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are required for optimal therapeutic effect. Mice treated with the combination exhibited tumor regression and long-term protective immunity. In addition, we show that the efficacy of the combination is moderated by the timing of administration of the two agents. Our results show that immune checkpoint blockade and cytotoxic chemotherapy can have a synergistic effect in the treatment of cancer. These results provide a basis to pursue combination therapies with anti-CTLA-4 and immunopotentiating chemotherapy and have important implications for future studies in cancer patients. Since both drugs are approved for use in patients our data can be immediately translated into clinical trials.
Control of Transcription and Cellular Proliferation by cAMP (1993)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates a striking number of physiological processes, including intermediary metabolism, cellular proliferation, and neuronal signaling, by altering basic patterns of gene expression. In the liver, for example, cAMP stimulates glucose production in part by inducing the transcription of the gene for phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxy-kinase (PEPCK), a rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme, more than 15 fold (Lamers et al., 1982; Sasaki et al., 1984). The transcriptional induction by cAMP is rapid, peaking at 30 min and declining gradually over 24 h. This burst in transcription does not depend on new protein synthesis and suggests, therefore, that transcriptional modulation by cAMP involves the covalent modification of a preexisting nuclear factor. Because all the known cellular effects of cAMP occur via cAMP-dependent protein kinase, it appears that phosphorylation is the most likely mechanism by which cAMP would regulate gene expression.
Binding of iodinated multipotential colony‐stimulating factor (interleukin‐3) to murine bone marrow cells (1986)

Multipotential colony-stimulating factor (Multi-CSF or interleukin-3) was radioiodinated to high specific radioactivity (1-4 X 10(5) cpm/ng) with no detectable loss of biological activity and its binding to murine bone marrow cells and factor-dependent cell lines studied. Both the native glycosylated molecule purified from a cloned T-cell line (LB-3) and the purified non-glycosylated recombinant molecule produced by E. coli could be radioiodinated. Comparative binding studies with these derivatives demonstrated equal binding affinities and equal numbers of binding sites on various cell types indicating that carbohydrate moieties are not involved in the binding interactions. Binding of 125I-Multi-CSF to several factor-dependent continuous hemopoietic cell lines showed the presence of specific receptors on all cell lines, the receptor number per cell varying from 700 to 13,000 and the apparent dissociation constant from 400 pM to 1 nM. Specific binding of 125I-Multi-CSF was also observed to normal murine hemopoietic cells and the binding to murine bone marrow cells was studied in detail. Bone marrow cells showed 117-130 receptors per cell on average and an apparent dissociation constant of 126-233 pM. However, quantitative autoradiographic analysis indicated that receptors for 125I-Multi-CSF were not distributed randomly on bone marrow cells--nucleated erythroid and lymphoid cells were not labeled while essentially all neutrophilic granulocyte, eosinophilic granulocyte and monocytic cells were labeled. Moreover, in each of the labeled cell lineages grain counts (reflecting receptor number) decreased with increasing maturation and a small subpopulation of marrow cells (0.4-1.5% and including blast cells, monocytes, promyelocytes, and myelocytes) exhibited very high grain counts. The existence of such a subset of marrow cells raises the possibility of functional heterogeneity among marrow cells in their response to Multi-CSF.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reaction with Furan‐Diene. Comparison of Reactivity and Stereoselectivity Within a Set of Structurally Related Substrates of Potential Use in Gibberellin Total Synthesis. (1988)

Abstract The reactivity and stereoselectivity of the intramolecular cycloaddition of structurally related Diels‐Alder precursors such as (I), (IV) and (VI) is studied.
Missense point mutations of tau to segregate with FTDP-17 exhibit site-specific effects on microtubule structure in COS cells: A novel action of R406W mutation (2000)

Missense and splicing point mutations have been found in the tau gene in families with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Of these mutations, we examined four exonic missense point mutations (G272V, P301L, V337M and R406W) in 3-repeat or 4-repeat tau isoform on the transfection experiment. The effects of two mutations (G272V or P301L) on microtubules were subtle whereas those of two other mutations (V337M or R406W) were dramatically significant when these two mutations were constructed into 3-repeat tau but not into 4-repeat tau. The R406W mutation induced an alternation of microtubules to form dotted or fragmented forms retaining colocalization of tau with tubulin whereas the V337M mutation predominantly disrupted microtubule networks and diminished colocalization of tau and tubulin. The effect of the mutations on microtubules were thus site-dependent and isoform-dependent. Tau with R406W mutation was found to be colocalized with tubulin without filamentous structures on confocal views, suggesting that the carboxyl region of tau played a different role from tubulin-binding domain on microtubule assemble. Another abnormal property was identified in tau with R406W mutation that failed to suffer phosphorylation. Thus, diverse effects of tau mutations on microtubules may explain the various clinicopathologies of FTDP-17 and related tauopathies.
Interface Strain Effects on ZnSe/ (CdSe) based Type I and ZnSe/CdS Type II Core/Shell Quantum Dots (2016)

We present a comparative experimental and theoretical study on the determination of capped core diameter in ZnSe/ZnS, CdSe/Cd(Zn)S type-I and ZnSe/CdS type-II core/shell nanocrystals. The lattice mismatch strain at the interface between core and shell semiconductors is calculated from continuum elastic theory and applied in effective mass approximation to determine the corresponding capped core diameter. Calculated results are compared with bare cores (CdSe and ZnSe) diameter obtaind from the transmission electron microscopy images. It is shown that the core is squeezed in ZnSe/ZnS and CdSe/Cd(Zn)S after compressive strained shell and stretched in ZnSe/CdS after tensile strained shell deposition.
Lateralized ante mortem and post mortem pathology in a case of Lewy body disease with corticobasal syndrome (2022)

This case with overlapping tauopathy and synucleinopathy clinical features had in-depth biomarker characterization and rare bilateral post-mortem sampling showing lateralized tau and α-synuclein pathology suggesting possible synergistic relationships.
Raman correlation spectroscopy: A method for studying chemical composition and dynamics of disperse systems (1998)

Raman correlation spectroscopy---intensity fluctuation spectroscopy of Raman-scattered light from a small sample volume---has been demonstrated. A modified confocal Raman microscope is used to observe number fluctuations of colloidal particles caused by Brownian motion. Correlation analysis of the fluctuations yields mobility and number density of the particles. In mixed systems, particles are differentiated according to their chemistry by selecting characteristic Raman bands for detection. Cross correlation of the signals from different Raman bands has been demonstrated. This method extends the domain of optical fluctuation spectroscopies to Raman scattered light, combining the chemical identification obtained by Raman scattering with the structural and dynamical information obtained by correlation spectroscopy.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling and FoxO transcription factors in rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Although the mechanisms leading to the induction of RA (rheumatoid arthritis) are poorly understood, improper activation, proliferation, survival and retention of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and other leucocytes contribute to perpetuation of inflammation and eventual joint destruction through activation of stromal fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Fundamental studies in developmental biology, cellular biology and immunology have established critical roles for PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signal transduction pathways in cellular chemotactic responses, proliferation, apoptosis and survival. Despite profound alteration of these cellular processes in RA, involvement of PI3K signalling pathways in this chronic inflammatory disease, and their assessment as potential therapeutic targets, has until recently received scant attention. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of PI3K signalling pathways, in particular regulation of FoxO (forkhead box O) transcription factors, and their relevance to RA.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Modified Forms of Histone H4 As New Biomarkers of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinomas (2013)

These results demonstrate the potential of MALDI IMS for uncovering new relevant biomarkers of MiVI in HCC, and highlight the role of epigenetic modifications in the prognosis of HCC. Preoperative detection of modified forms of histone H4 expression in tumor biopsies would be helpful in management of patients with HCC.
Applications of Optical Symbolic Substitution to Image Processing: Median Filters (1989)

Symbolic substitution (SS) based architectures [1] are actively sought for designing optical computing systems capable of processing binary data in parallel. The symbolic substitution is a two-dimensional parallel processing technique which maps a given pattern (referred to as search pattern) into a new pattern (referred to as scribe pattern).
High energy-density 0.72Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)O3-0.28Pb[(Zn0.45Ni0.55)1/3Nb2/3]O3 thick films fabricated by tape casting for energy-harvesting-device applications (2013)

0.72Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)O3-0.28Pb[(Zn0.45Ni0.55)1/3Nb2/3]O3 (0.72PZT-0.28PZNN) thick films were prepared by using a tape casting method to develop new materials with high energy-density applicable to energy-harvesting devices. The piezoelectric strain constant (d 33), dielectric constant (ɛ 33 /ɛ 0), piezoelectric voltage constant (g 33) and transduction coefficient (d 33·g 33) of the films were affected by the sintering temperature. These results could be attributed to the crystal structure, microstructures and secondary phases. However, the dielectric loss (tanδ) of the films was not changed remarkably with increasing sintering temperature. Typically, a d 33 of 452 pC/N, ɛ 33 /ɛ 0 of 1444, d 33·g 33 of 20,340 × 10−15 m2/N and tanδ of 0.15% were obtained for the films sintered at 1050 °C for 1 h. The power generation performance of the piezoelectric unimorph cantilever was assessed to demonstrate the feasibility of the 0.72PZT-0.28PZNN piezoelectric thick film. Also, theoretical models were employed to predict the resonance frequency of the unimorph cantilever generator, and the predicted values were compared with experimental data.
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM FUNCTION OF CADAVERIC KIDNEYS FROM PEDIATRIC DONORS IN RECIPIENTS TREATED WITH CYCLOSPORINE (1988)

Short and long-term renal function of 67 cyclosporine-prednisone (CsA-Pred)-treated recipients of pediatric cadaveric donor kidneys followed for up to 68 months (mean 16 months) were compared with 67 recipients of adult kidneys (group 3), who were demographically matched for recipient age, sex, race, cause of disease, HLA compatibility, ABO blood type, and retransplant status. Thirty-seven of the pediatric kidneys came from donors less than or equal to 10 years old (group 1) and 30 from donors 11-16 years old (group 2). Group 1 displayed impaired short-term graft function: a significantly higher mean value of the nadir serum creatinine (SCr; 2.35 versus 1.63 mg/dl), a lower maximal creatinine clearance during the first 30 days (50.3 versus 65.7 ng/dl/1.73 m2), and a longer time to achieve the nadir creatinine (22.1 versus 17.2 days). Group 1 transplants also had a higher mean nadir creatinine at 3 months and a lower mean creatinine clearance (CCl) at 3 and 6 months. By 12 months the values in the group 1 pediatric kidneys were similar to those using the group 3 adult grafts. Therefore, CsA therapy did not preclude compensatory graft function. Group 2 grafts showed intermediate short-term function relative to groups 1 and 3. Mean SCr and CCl showed progressive improvement over time, significantly better than adult kidneys at two years. Graft loss was significantly greater at two years in pediatric compared with adult grafts, but significantly better than our historical controls using azathioprine-prednisone immunosuppression.
Melting behavior of ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes (1970)

Abstract Prior research on the melting behavior of ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes could not be effectively evaluated since there were large differences in the levels of comonomer contents. The present research was undertaken to determine additional data so that an overall evaluation could be made. A consideration of the experimental data of the present work and earlier research data showed that methyl side groups caused less diffuse melting and less melting point depression than either ethyl groups or polyethylene branches. In addition, it was found that the Flory equation can be used to describe the relation of melting point depression to foreign group concentration for propylene copolymers. The equation did not hold for 1‐butene‐ethylene copolymers or branched polyethylenes. For these materials the Wunderlich modification of the Flory equation applied. Activity values for both 1‐butene‐ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes gave a common correlation with foreign groups. Enthalpy and entropy fusion data for ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes were also determined. It was also shown that good agreement was found between crystallinities for these materials determined independently by differential thermal analysis and x‐ray analysis.
Exploring Roughness Effect on Laminar Internal Flow–Are We Ready for Change? (2008)

Abstract Laminar flow is often encountered in the channels of microdevices as a result of the small hydraulic diameters. The roughness introduced on the walls of these channels through various fabrication techniques, such as etching, micromachining, laser drilling, etc., results in a high value of relative roughness (defined as the wall surface roughness to channel hydraulic diameter ratio). Laminar flow in rough tubes, therefore, is an important topic in the study of transport processes in microdevices. This article begins with a review of the applications where roughness or wall surface features are present, such as mixing, enhanced mass transfer, and heat transfer. Next, the effect of roughness on fluid flow is reviewed in terms of eddy generation and transition to turbulence. The competing effects of destabilization of flow and relaminarization processes are considered. Drawing from the available literature, the criteria for transition to turbulence based on roughness Reynolds number are evaluated and some of the recent experimental data on repeated 2-D roughness structures are compared. The present article addresses these issues and provides a framework for quantifying the roughness effect at microscale. KEY WORDS: roughnesslaminar flowtransition flowmicromixers Notes 3. L. Schiller, Rohrwinderstand bei hohlen Reynoldsschen Zahlen. Vortrage aus dem Gebiete der Aerodynamik und verwandterGebiete, Aachen 1920, Herausgegeben von A. Gilles, L. Hopf und Th. v. Karman, Berlin, J. Springer, 1930. 4. J. Nikuradse, Laws of Flow in Rough Pipes [Stromungsgesetze in Rauen Rohren], NACA Tech. Mem. 1292, 1937, 1933.
Cross-Training Hospital Nurses to Reduce Staffing Costs (2005)

There are advantages and disadvantages of cross-training hospital nurses. The financial benefit of reducing reliance on supplemental agency staff can be quantified. Cross-training policies can be compared. Simulation shows that the strategic cross-training principle of chaining performs particularly well. Practical formulas (that can be solved in a spreadsheet) are provided for quickly evaluating the economic performance of staffing and cross-training scenarios.
Lymphokine activated killer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endometriosis of patients improve cytotoxicity to endometriosis cell culture (2011)

Background: To assess the increased cellular immunity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) derived LAK cells from endometriosis patients towards endometriosis cell cultures after stimulation with IL-2. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study of pre and post treatment using controls. Phenotype evaluation ofÂ&nbsp;CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD56+ effector cells of PBMC from endometriosis patients and controls was performed. Cytotoxicity test of PBMC from endometriosis patients and control towards Daudi, K562 cell line and endometriosisÂ cell cultures using 51Chromium release assay was also carried out. Results: Phenotype evaluation of PBMC from endometriosis patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 6) were done prior to and after IL-2 stimulation. Before IL-2 stimulation, CD3+CD4+, CD56+ from endometriosis group (n = 10) tend to be lower than control (n=6) whereas CD3+CD8+ were higher in endometriosis group than controls. After IL-2 stimulation, CD3+ CD8+, CD56+ of PBMC from endometriosis group were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). Cytotoxicity test revealed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in both PBMC's effector cells from endometriosis and control group towards target cells, Daudi, and K562 cell lines after IL-2 stimulation. PBMC's effector cells cytotoxicity from both endometriosisÂ and control towards target endometriosis cell cultures were also elevated after IL-2 stimulation. Conclusion: LAK cells derived IL-2 stimulated PBMC from endometriosis patients increased cellular immunity towards endometriosis cell cultures. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:87-93)
Molecular orientation and structure in ultrathin films of amphiphilic microgel copolymer with the branching of octadecyl groups studied by infrared spectroscopy (2007)

Molecular orientation and structure in five-monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of an amphiphilic polymer consisting of a flexible hydrophilic epichlorohydrinethylene diamine cross-linking microgels and a number of hydrophobic chains have been studied by infrared (IR) transmission and reflection-absorption (RA) spectroscopy. The downward shifts of the NH and C=O stretching bands show that the amide groups are involved in medium hydrogen bonds. A comparison of the band intensities between the transmission and RA spectra indicates that the hydrocarbon chains are nearly perpendicular to the substrate surface while the C-N bond of the amide group is nearly parallel to the surface. The vibrational frequencies of the two CH2 stretching bands suggest that the LB films have highly ordered alkyl chains.
Unspeakably Absurd (A is for, well, apple...) (2004)

The use of "the_-word" in place of the unspeakable or unprintable crashed through a threshold during the 1988 presidential race. Candidate Bush - not W, but G.H.W. - famously leveled and fired both barrels at opponent Mike Dukakis, accusing him of a willingness to raise the T-word (taxes), as well as labeling him with the graded L-word (liberal). The press corps gushed oceans of ink documenting the usage, decoding the former CIA chief's meanings and speculating on how these jibed with his political V-word, vision.
Pathophysiological mechanisms for the respiratory syncytial virus-reactive airway disease link (2002)

There is substantial epidemiological evidence supporting the concept that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection in infancy may be linked to the development of reactive airway disease (RAD) in childhood. However, much less is known concerning the mechanisms by which this self-limiting infection leads to airway dysfunction that persists long after the virus is cleared from the lungs. A better understanding of the RSV-RAD link may have important clinical implications, particularly because prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract infection may reduce the occurrence of RAD later in life. Among the mechanisms proposed to explain the chronic sequelae of RSV infection is the interaction between the subepithelial neural network of the airway mucosa and the cellular effectors of inflammatory and immune responses to the virus. The body of clinical literature linking RSV and RAD is reviewed herein, as are the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions and neural remodeling that may underlie this link, and the possibility that preventing the infection may result in a decreased incidence of its chronic sequelae.
Supplementary Data from Characterization of Stromal Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes and Genomic Alterations in Metastatic Lobular Breast Cancer (2023)

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Evaluation of the Mental Health Status of the Aged by Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (1984)

The authors studied on anxiety, using Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), on the subjects of 329 men and 522 women of 60 years old and older. This study was carried out for 8 months from November 1983 to June 1984 in the area of Seoul, Taegu and Kyungsan Gun, Kyungpook province. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the means of total anxiety scores between the two groups of men and women. The anxiety scores in items of sweating, apprehension, dyspnea, restlessness and insomnia were relatively high in both groups. The scores of faintness, panic, fear, tremor and facial flushing were low in both groups. Among 329 men, 48(14.6%) showed rather serious anxiety level of score 50 or higher, while 153 of 522 women (29.4%) showed the same score. Among these psychosocial factors, suppoter, living place, religion and security system are significantly related with anxiety scores in both groups (p