gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Methods for Evaluating Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Tie-Tube Designs (2008)

One of the fundamental structural components in a nuclear thermal rocket design is the tie tube. Proper cooling and flow modeling is important both for the structural integrity of the reactor core and for proper design of downstream components that operate on the hydrogen exiting the tie tube. Two models have been developed. The first is a spreadsheet‐based tool designed for sizing tie‐tube components, considering mechanical stress and strain limits, deposited moderator power, thermal expansion along the flow path, and conduction from adjacent fuel blocks. The second is a three‐dimensional SINDA/FLUINT model used as a benchmark, containing a complete finite‐element fuel block and a 1/6th tie‐tube model. This paper discusses the performance of both models, as well as the advantages and limitations of each.
Characterization of human invariant natural killer T subsets in health and disease using a novel invariant natural killer T cell‐clonotypic monoclonal antibody, 6B11 (2007)

Identification of human CD1d-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR)-invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells has been dependent on utilizing combinations of monoclonal antibodies or CD1d tetramers, which do not allow for the most specific analysis of this T-cell subpopulation. A novel monoclonal antibody (clone 6B11), specific for the invariant CDR3 loop of human canonical Valpha24Jalpha18 TCR alpha chain, was developed and used to specifically characterize iNKT cells. In healthy individuals studied for up to 1 year, a wide but stable frequency of circulating iNKT cells (range: 0.01-0.92%) was observed, with no differences in frequency by gender. Four stable iNKT cell subsets were characterized in peripheral blood based on the expression of CD4 and CD8, with CD8(+) iNKT cells being a phenotypic and functionally different subset from CD4(+) and double negative iNKT cells; in particular, LAG-3 was preferentially expressed on CD8(+) iNKT cells. In addition, a strong negative linear correlation between the frequency of total iNKT cells and percentage of the CD4(+) subset was observed. In terms of their potential association with disease, patients at risk for type 1 diabetes had significantly expanded frequencies of double negative iNKT cells when compared to matched controls and first-degree relatives. Moreover, peripheral blood CD4(+) iNKT cells were the highest producers of interleukin-4, while the production of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha was similar amongst all iNKT cell subsets. These differences in iNKT cell subsets suggest that in humans the relative ratio of iNKT cell subsets may influence susceptibility vs. resistance to immune-mediated diseases.
Improved Safety Profile of Novel Adenovirus Based Vectors "Capsid-displaying" Complement Inhibitors: Increased Potential for Cardiovascular Gene Transfer Applications (2009)

Adenovirus (Ad) based vectors continue to be the most commonly utilized vector for gene therapy trials, with cardiovascular diseases being a primary target. Despite this, Ad induced innate immune responses limit enthusiasm towards more widespread utilization of Ad vectors. Many of these innate immune responses are initiated by Ad capsid activation of the complement system. In this study we characterized a new class of Ad vector, genetically engineered to “capsid-display” the natural complement inhibitor decay accelerating factor (DAF), in an effort to mitigate/abrogate complement dependent innate immune responses. We found that several dosages of an Ad5-GFP control virus caused acute thrombocytopenia. In contrast, the Ad vector displaying DAF did not induce thrombocytopenia. In fact, platelet counts in Ad5-dDAF injected WT mice were not significantly different from counts obtained from Ad5-GFP injected complement deficient (C3-KO) mice at any time point or dose tested. Next, utilizing quantitative bead array based assays we determined that intravenous injection of Ad5 vectors induce release of sICAM-1 (1.5 fold) and sE-selectin (6 fold). In contrast, Ad5-dDAF injected mice had sICAM-1 and sE-selectin plasma levels identical to those measured in Ad5-GFP injected C3-KO mice, and significantly reduced as compared to Ad5-GFP injected WT mice. Ad5-GFP injected C3-KO mice, as well as WT mice injected with the Ad5-dDAF vector had significantly reduced activation of pro-inflammatory genes in heart tissues as compared to WT mice treated with a conventional Ad vector. We found that Ad5-dDAF induction of TLR9, MyD88 and NFkB was significantly mitigated, indicating reduced inflammation in the heart. Conclusion: We have developed a viable, highly improved Adenovirus vector that capsid displays the human DAF complement regulator. This novel vector significantly reduced Ad triggered thrombocytopenia, endothelial cells activation and pro-inflammatory gene induction in heart tissues, while preserving transduction efficiency. We believe that DAF displaying Ad vectors may become an important gene transfer platform for a variety of cardiovascular applications. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, Midwest Affiliate (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota & Wisconsin).
The impact of obesity on pulmonary haemodynamic interpretation (2018)

<b>Introduction:</b> Significant obesity is an increasing co-morbidity in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We note many patients with echo features of pre-capillary PH (PrePH) who were being classified as post-capillary PH (PostPH), due to elevated pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP). We wished to assess the impact of intrathoracic pressure (ITP) measurements on haemodynamics during artificial alterations of ITP in obese patients and on classification. <b>Methods:</b> Obese individuals underwent invasive cardiac cath and intra-oesophageal pressure (IOP) measurements. Haemodynamics were measured during end-expiration, Valsalva and external compression of the abdomen. Fluid challenge was administered in selected patients. <b>Results:</b> 17 patients underwent investigation between Jan ‘13 and Dec ’16. There was a direct 1:1 linear relationship between ITP, as assessed by IOP, and wedge pressure (PWP) (Fig 1A). There was a tight relationship between IOB and PWP during manoeuvres (Valsalva, 1B; external compression, 1C). Following fluid, PWP rose by 4 mmHg. 14/17 patients were classified as PostPH, but following correction for expected ITP (4mmHg), only 3/17 were classified as PostPH (1D). <b>Conclusions:</b> ITP has a 1:1 relationship on PWP. We show that this may frequently result in misclassification of patients as PostPH who have echo features of PrePH and whose PWP does not change significant with fluid challenge.
Dynamic relationship analysis of us gasoline and crude oil prices (1991)

Abstract This paper studies the dynamic relationships between US gasoline prices, crude oil prices, and the stock of gasoline. Using monthly data between January 1973 and December 1987, we find that the US gasoline price is mainly influenced by the price of crude oil. The stock of gasoline has little or no influence on the price of gasoline during the period before the second energy crisis, and seems to have some influence during the period after. We also find that the dynamic relationship between the prices of gasoline and crude oil changes over time, shifting from a longer lag response to a shorter lag response. Box‐Jenkins ARIMA and transfer function models are employed in this study. These models are estimated using estimation procedure with and without outlier adjustment. For model estimation with outlier adjustment, an iterative procedure for the joint estimation of model parameters and outlier effects is employed. The forecasting performance of these models is carefully examined. For the purpose of illustration, we also analyze these time series using classical white‐noise regression models. The results show the importance of using appropriate time‐series methods in modeling and forecasting when the data are serially correlated. This paper also demonstrates the problems of time‐series modeling when outliers are present.
Clinical outcomes of high-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy in the management of clinically localized prostate cancer (2012)

HDR prostate brachytherapy in conjunction with supplemental EBRT results in excellent biochemical relapse-free survival rates with a low incidence of severe late genitourinary or gastrointestinal toxicities. The use of short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation did not influence long-term biochemical tumor control in this cohort.
Preventing UV-light damage of light sensitive materials using a highly protective UV-absorbing coating (2007)

One of the most important drawbacks of classical and new advanced functional materials for applications outdoors, or in environments with high UV irradiation, is the light induced damage that reduces drastically their effective operation lifetime or durability. This makes protecting light sensitive materials against UV irradiation a nowadays important technological demand in almost every industrial field. This tutorial review incorporates the main aspects of UV damage to materials and describes the recently developed highly effective thin UV-protective coatings, based on UV-absorber molecules entrapped in a Sol-Gel derived ormosil matrix.
Benign liver tumors. (1997)

This article focuses on the main clinicopathologic and MR findings in the more frequent benign liver lesions (excluding hemangiomas) such as cysts, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, and fatty tumors. These entities raise several questions concerning their pathogenesis, differential diagnosis from various malignant tumors or pseudotumoral hepatic lesions, and management that remain frequently controversial.
Identification and characterization of latency-associated peptide-expressing γδ T cells (2015)

γδ T cells are a subset of lymphocytes specialized in protecting the host against pathogens and tumours. Here we describe a subset of regulatory γδ T cells that express the latency-associated peptide (LAP), a membrane-bound TGF-β1. Thymic CD27+IFN-γ+CCR9+α4β7+TCRγδ+ cells migrate to the periphery, particularly to Peyer's patches and small intestine lamina propria, where they upregulate LAP, downregulate IFN-γ via ATF-3 expression and acquire a regulatory phenotype. TCRγδ+LAP+ cells express antigen presentation molecules and function as antigen presenting cells that induce CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, although TCRγδ+LAP+ cells do not themselves express Foxp3. Identification of TCRγδ+LAP+ regulatory cells provides an avenue for understanding immune regulation and biologic processes linked to intestinal function and disease.
G100053 Comparing Investigation of In-plane and Out-of-plane Squeal in Automotive Disc Brake (2012)

Squeal is often generated in car disk brakes. It has been found in previous studies that two types of squeal exist in disc brakes. One is called out-of-plane squeal, and the other is called in-plane squeal. There are many reports that treat the out-of-plane vibration modes among the disc and caliper due to Coulomb friction. Previously, the authors have experimentally and analytically confirmed the out-of-plane squeal generation mechanism and countermeasures in rigid and floating types of car disc brakes. Recently, the occurrence of in-plane squeal has been increasing. This paper deals with two types of disc brakes that generate both out-of-plane squeal and in-plane squeal. The vibration modes of the brake units during squealing are also investigated. Additionally, the relationship between the rate of squeal occurrence and both the direction of disc rotation, the disc rotation speed and the pad pressure are in investigated. And the effect of the rubber installation to the pads on squeal is also investigated. From these experiments, it was clarified that in-plane squeal have four characteristics as follows. The squeal frequency is 10195 Hz, vibration modes of the brake units during squealing are 2nd in-plane mode, the area which is squeal occurs, varies with the rotational speed and the brake hydraulic pressure, it is because having a negative slope coefficient of friction, the squeal occurs when the disc rotates positive, when the disc rotates negative, squeal does not occur. On in-plane squeal, even though installs the rubber to either in-plane and out-of-plane direction, the effect of resonance can be obtained to in-plane squeal. Thus, for the in-plane squeal, pad is an important factor.
Label-free Isolation and Enrichment of Cells Through Contactless Dielectrophoresis (2013)

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the phenomenon by which polarized particles in a non-uniform electric field undergo translational motion, and can be used to direct the motion of microparticles in a surface marker-independent manner. Traditionally, DEP devices include planar metallic electrodes patterned in the sample channel. This approach can be expensive and requires a specialized cleanroom environment. Recently, a contact-free approach called contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP) has been developed. This method utilizes the classic principle of DEP while avoiding direct contact between electrodes and sample by patterning fluidic electrodes and a sample channel from a single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, and has application as a rapid microfluidic strategy designed to sort and enrich microparticles. Unique to this method is that the electric field is generated via fluidic electrode channels containing a highly conductive fluid, which are separated from the sample channel by a thin insulating barrier. Because metal electrodes do not directly contact the sample, electrolysis, electrode delamination, and sample contamination are avoided. Additionally, this enables an inexpensive and simple fabrication process. cDEP is thus well-suited for manipulating sensitive biological particles. The dielectrophoretic force acting upon the particles depends not only upon spatial gradients of the electric field generated by customizable design of the device geometry, but the intrinsic biophysical properties of the cell. As such, cDEP is a label-free technique that avoids depending upon surface-expressed molecular biomarkers that may be variably expressed within a population, while still allowing characterization, enrichment, and sorting of bioparticles. Here, we demonstrate the basics of fabrication and experimentation using cDEP. We explain the simple preparation of a cDEP chip using soft lithography techniques. We discuss the experimental procedure for characterizing crossover frequency of a particle or cell, the frequency at which the dielectrophoretic force is zero. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this technique for sorting a mixture of ovarian cancer cells and fluorescing microspheres (beads).
Anxiety disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: co-morbidity and chronology of appearance (2000)

The objectives of the study were to assess lifetime prevalence of specific anxiety disorders, and their age of onset relative to that of eating disorders (ED), in a French sample of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). We assessed frequencies of seven anxiety disorders and childhood histories of separation anxiety disorder among 63 subjects with a current DSM-IV diagnosis of an ED, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Eighty-three percent of subjects with AN and 71% of those with BN had at least one lifetime diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. By far, the most frequent was social phobia (55% of the anorexics and 59% of the bulimics). When present, the co-morbid anxiety disorder had predated the onset of the ED in 75% of subjects with AN, and 88% of subjects with BN. Our results are consistent with those of studies conducted in other countries, and show that an anxiety disorder frequently exists before an ED. This has to be taken in consideration for successful treatment of patients with AN or BN.
Optical wireless communication through random media (2011)

The growing need for high data-rate communication both through the atmosphere and the ocean (sub-sea) has stimulated considerable interest in optical wireless communication (OWC) technologies. The main advantages of OWC as compared with RF communication in the atmosphere and with acoustic communication in sub-sea applications are a) high achievable data-rate, b) small size of equipment and c) low power-consumption. On the other hand the characteristics of the communication channel in both scenarios are stochastic with high values of variance, which severely degrades OWC communication system performance. In this paper we present a tutorial discussing the effects of random media on OWC and expand on two examples: Monte-Carlo simulation for sub-sea communication and mathematical synthesis using Meijer G-function for OWC through atmospheric turbulence. These two examples demonstrate that it is possible to gain significant insights on the effects of the random channel on system performance. The results of the different analysis methods could also indicate solutions for the improvement of performance using adaptive solutions or for extending the communication range by applying a multi-hop concept. We summarize the paper with a brief review of two emerging research fields that could, surprisingly, benefit from the characteristics of light propagation through random media and its effect on the communication system performance. The first research field is trans-cutaneous OWC and the second is an unguided optical communication bus for next-generation computers.
Photoionization of aromatic amino acids in aqueous solutions. A spin-trapping, and electron spin resonance study (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoionization of aromatic amino acids in aqueous solutions. A spin-trapping, and electron spin resonance studyMagdi M. Mossoba, Keisuke Makino, and Peter RieszCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 17, 3478–3483Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100214a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j100214a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Pulsed Techniques in EPR (2012)

Abstract Review: 124 refs.
EVALUATION OF METHYL ALCOHOL AS A VEHICLE FUEL EXTENDER (1975)

Methyl alcohol (methanol) can be made from coal and waste products with reasonable thermal efficiency. Strong interest in blending this liquid fuel with gasoline for automotive use has developed. This research was a characterization program for the behavior of methanol-gasoline blends in spark ignition engines, particularly those used in automobiles. The program included: characterizing octane ratings of methanol-gasoline blends, a single cylinder engine study of the effects of engine parameter variations on emissions and fuel economy of methanol-gasoline blends, and a simulated vehicle program to determine the behavior of the blends for the federal emissions test procedure. Results indicated that no substantial changes in emissions or fuel economy should be expected from operating blends of 10% or less in existing vehicles. Performance, vapor lock, phase separation, and corrosion problems are pointed out.
Prone Positioning in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2013)

In patients with severe ARDS, early application of prolonged prone-positioning sessions significantly decreased 28-day and 90-day mortality. (Funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National 2006 and 2010 of the French Ministry of Health; PROSEVA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00527813.).
Regulation of Actin Polymerization in Cell-free Systems by GTPγS and Cdc42 (1997)

We have established a cell-free system to investigate pathways that regulate actin polymerization. Addition of GTPgammaS to lysates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba induced formation of filamentous actin. The GTPgammaS appeared to act via a small G-protein, since it was active in lysates ofD. discoideum mutants missing either the alpha2- or beta-subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein required for chemoattractant-induced actin polymerization in living cells. Furthermore, recombinant Cdc42, but not Rho or Rac, induced polymerization in the cell-free system. The Cdc42-induced increase in filamentous actin required GTPgammaS binding and was inhibited by a fragment of the enzyme PAK1 that binds Cdc42. In a high speed supernatant, GTPgammaS alone was ineffective, but GTPgammaS-loaded Cdc42 induced actin polymerization, suggesting that the response was limited by guanine nucleotide exchange. Stimulating exchange by chelating magnesium, by adding acidic phospholipids, or by adding the exchange factors Cdc24 or Dbl restored the ability of GTPgammaS to induce polymerization. The stimulation of actin polymerization did not correlate with PIP2 synthesis.
Effectiveness of Gastric Levodopa Infusion on Motor Fluctuations in a Series of Advanced Parkinson's Disease Cases (2015)

Background Enteral (duodenal or jejunal) levodopa-carbidopa gel infusion is increasingly used for the treatment of patients with fluctuating advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has been argued that delayed and inconsistent gastric emptying cause erratic absorption of oral levodopa and may play a role in the loss of efficacy of oral therapy. However, the experience with therapeutic strategies in the advanced phase of the disease is still limited. Methods Three patients with technical problems and transient gastric levodopa infusions were retrospectively evaluated. A motor examination (on status) and gastric motility studies (off status) were performed. Gastrointestinal motility was assessed by scintigraphy with (99m) Tc-DTPA-labeled meal. Results Two women aged 74 years and one man aged 66 years with advanced PD were treated with transient continuous levodopa infusion into the stomach due to technical problems. No changes in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, Hoehn and Yahr stage, or global score of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale were documented. Adverse effects were not observed. Two of the patients had a lower gastric emptying on scintigraphy. Conclusion Gastric levodopa infusion could be as effective as enteral levodopa infusion without significant adverse outcomes in certain cases. Impairment of gastrointestinal motility appears to be unrelated to the effectiveness of infusion levodopa therapy in some patients with fluctuating advanced PD. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Crystal Structure of a Macrocyclic Copper Chelate Stable Enough for Use in Living Systems: Copper(II) Dihydrogen 6‐(p‐Nitrobenzyl)‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane‐1,4,8,11‐tetraacetate. (1988)

Abstract With the goal of radioimmunotherapy using 67Cu attached to monoclonal antibodies, the title complex (I) is shown to retain the copper ion for days under physiological conditions.