gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixing in Large Scale Tanks: Part III — Predicting Slurry Pump Performance (2004)

This third in a series of four papers (Parts I–IV) presents the equations used for the initial evaluation of a pump’s ability to suspend solids and extends those equations to establish the minimum local velocity required to suspend those solids. This minimum velocity was used in a finite difference model in Part I to predict the ability of a pump to suspend, or slurry, solids that had settled on the bottom of a nuclear waste tank. To slurry waste, the Advanced Design Mixer Pump (ADMP) discharges a fluid jet that impinges on, shears, and then suspends the waste. Prior to the pump’s installation in a waste tank, the local velocity at a point in the flow required to suspend solids was found from available equations, material properties, and empirical data for similar pumps. Also, the computational fluids dynamics (CFD) model was validated in Part II by comparing it to flow rates measured in a full scale test facility where the ADMP was operated. The CFD fluid model could then be used to predict flow rates throughout the actual waste tank where the pump was to be installed, and the ability of the pump to adequately slurry the waste could be shown. All that needed to be done was to compare the local velocity of the fluid required to shear the waste into suspension to the velocities modeled throughout the waste tank. In short, this paper validates the theoretical and experimental basis for the derivation of a minimum velocity required for the flow stream to shear the waste into suspension. The final installment to this series of papers (Part IV) validates the application of the CFD model, by concluding that a nuclear waste tank is effectively cleaned to the wall throughout most of tank, using the ADMP.
How common are symptoms? Evidence from a New Zealand national telephone survey (2014)

Objective To assess the frequency of symptoms in a general population sample over the previous week and the associations between symptom reporting and demographic factors, medical visits and medication use. Design A representative general population sample (n=1000) was recruited using random digit dialling. Participants were asked whether they had experienced any of a list of 46 symptoms in the previous 7 days and if so, whether the symptom was mild, moderate or severe. Demographic data and information on medical visits and medication use were also collected. Results Symptom reporting was very common. The median number of symptoms reported by participants in the previous week was 5 with only 10.6% of participants reporting no symptoms. The five most common symptoms in the previous 7 days were: back pain (38%), fatigue (36%), headache (35%), runny or stuffy nose (34%) and joint pain (34%). The five symptoms rated highest in terms of severity were sexual difficulties, vomiting, tremor, suicidal thoughts and sleep problems. Symptom reporting was significantly positively associated with medical visits in the previous year and current medication taking. Women reported a significantly greater number of symptoms. We found no significant association between age or household size and symptom reporting. Conclusions This population-based study found that symptoms are more commonly experienced in the general population than previously estimated and are strongly associated with healthcare visits. Appreciation of the high prevalence of symptoms may help normalise the experience of symptom reports among the general population.
Potentiel zoonotique du virus de l’encéphalomyocardite (2008)

International audience
PHENYLENE-BIS-AMINOMETHANEPHOSPHONIC AND PHOSPHONOUS ACIDS (1995)

Abstract The studies on the synthesis of phenylene-bis-aminomethanephosphonic and phosphonous acids are reported. The title compounds were prepared in the reaction of the phenylene di-imine with dialkyl phosphite or hypophosphorous acid. Addition of the second phosphorus nucleophile to the bisimine appears to be stereospecific.
Molecular imaging of nuclear factor-Y transcriptional activity maps proliferation sites in live animals (2012)

In vivo imaging involving the use of genetically engineered animals is an innovative powerful tool for the noninvasive assessment of the molecular and cellular events that are often targets of therapy. On the basis of the knowledge that the activity of the nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factor is restricted in vitro to proliferating cells, we have generated a transgenic reporter mouse, called MITO-Luc (for mitosis-luciferase), in which an NF-Y-dependent promoter controls luciferase expression. In these mice, bioluminescence imaging of NF-Y activity visualizes areas of physiological cell proliferation and regeneration during response to injury. Using this tool, we highlight for the first time a role of NF-Y activity on hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. MITO-Luc reporter mice should facilitate investigations into the involvement of genes in cell proliferation and provide a useful model for studying aberrant proliferation in disease pathogenesis. They should be also useful in the development of new anti/proproliferative drugs and assessment of their efficacy and side effects on nontarget tissues.
A Summary of the National Radon Measurement Proficiency Program and Associated Test Facilities (1992)

During 1986, the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Radiation Programs initiated the National Radon Measurement Proficiency Program (RMPP). Through this programme, participants can voluntarily demonstrate their ability to measure radon and/or radon decay products (RDP) by testing their detection devices in an EPA radon chamber. This article summarises the administrative structure of the RMPP, describes the typical test chambers used to expose the participant detectors and discusses results for test rounds three to six.
Free radicals, oxidative stress and importance of antioxidants in human health (2011)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a collective term used for oxygen containing free radicals, depending on their reactivity and oxidizing ability. ROS participate in a variety of chemical reactions with biomolecules leading to a pathological condition known as oxidative stress. Antioxidants are employed to protect biomolecules from the damaging effects of such ROS. In the beginning, antioxidant research was mainly aimed at understanding free radical reactions of ROS with antioxidants employing biochemical assays and kinetic methods. Later on, studies began to be directed to monitor the ability of anti-oxidants to modulate cellular signaling proteins like receptors, secondary messengers, transcription factors, etc. Of late several studies have indicated that antioxidants can also have deleterious effects on human health depending on dosage and bio-availability. It is therefore, necessary to validate the utility of antioxidants in improvement of human health in order to take full advantage of their therapeutic potential.
Interception of quorum sensing in Staphylococcus aureus: a new niche for peptidomimetics (2006)

Pathogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus is dependent on local cell density and is regulated in part by small macrocyclic peptides. Natural and artificial peptide inhibitors of this quorum sensing response have been synthesized and evaluated in structure-activity relationship studies. These investigations have illuminated the quorum sensing mechanism and set the stage for the design of biostable, peptidomimetic inhibitors that could be developed ultimately as therapeutics.
Color control of the multi-color printing device (2006)

Conventional color-printing systems often use inks of three hues, such as CMY, CMYK and CMYKLeLm, but in order to obtain more realistic color reproductions, the ink set of more than three hues has been adopted by some color-printing systems. It is difficult, however, to model the composed color with the multiple inks when the number of the output ink hues exceeds three due to the none-unique mapping between the color spaces of the CIE Lab and the multi-color printing device. In this paper, we propose a fine color-printing method for multi-color printing device with the ink set of more than three hues. The proposed approach has good color expression ability and provides fine control of the printed color. By dividing the output color space into several subspaces, our method allows one-to-one mapping between the standard color space and the multi-color output color space. It has been proved effective when applied to the digital inkjet printer—Mutoh8000.
Phase 1/2a study of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2020)

For patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma who fail initial anti-CD20-based immunochemotherapy or develop relapsed or refractory disease, there remains a significant unmet clinical need for new therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes and quality of life. 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan is a next-generation single-dose CD37-directed radioimmunotherapy (RIT) which was investigated in a phase 1/2a study in 74 patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, including 57 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). To improve targeting of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan to tumor tissue and decrease hematologic toxicity, its administration was preceded by the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab and the "cold" anti-CD37 antibody lilotomab. The most common adverse events (AEs) were reversible grade 3/4 neutropenia (31.6%) and thrombocytopenia (26.3%) with neutrophil and platelet count nadirs 5 to 7 weeks after RIT. The most frequent nonhematologic AE was grade 1/2 nausea (15.8%). With a single administration, the overall response rate was 61% (65% in patients with FL), including 30% complete responses. For FL with ≥2 prior therapies (n = 37), the overall response rate was 70%, including 32% complete responses. For patients with rituximab-refractory FL ≥2 prior therapies (n = 21), the overall response rate was 67%, and the complete response rate was 24%. The overall median duration of response was 13.6 months (32.0 months for patients with a complete response). 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan may provide a valuable alternative treatment approach in relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in patients with comorbidities unsuitable for more intensive approaches. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01796171.
Continuous Adaptation via Meta-Learning in Nonstationary and Competitive\n Environments (2017)

Ability to continuously learn and adapt from limited experience in\nnonstationary environments is an important milestone on the path towards\ngeneral intelligence. In this paper, we cast the problem of continuous\nadaptation into the learning-to-learn framework. We develop a simple\ngradient-based meta-learning algorithm suitable for adaptation in dynamically\nchanging and adversarial scenarios. Additionally, we design a new multi-agent\ncompetitive environment, RoboSumo, and define iterated adaptation games for\ntesting various aspects of continuous adaptation strategies. We demonstrate\nthat meta-learning enables significantly more efficient adaptation than\nreactive baselines in the few-shot regime. Our experiments with a population of\nagents that learn and compete suggest that meta-learners are the fittest.\n
Fabry-Perot cavity resonance enabling highly polarization-sensitive double-layer gold grating (2018)

Abstract We present experimental and theoretical investigations on the polarization properties of a single- and a double-layer gold (Au) grating, serving as a wire grid polarizer. Two layers of Au gratings form a cavity that effectively modulates the transmission and reflection of linearly polarized light. Theoretical calculations based on a transfer matrix method reveals that the double-layer Au grating structure creates an optical cavity exhibiting Fabry-Perot (FP) resonance modes. As compared to a single-layer grating, the FP cavity resonance modes of the double-layer grating significantly enhance the transmission of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode, while suppressing the transmission of the transverse electric (TE) mode. As a result, the extinction ratio of TM to TE transmission for the double-layer grating structure is improved by a factor of approximately 8 in the mid-wave infrared region of 3.4–6 μm. Furthermore, excellent infrared imagery is obtained with over a 600% increase in the ratio of the TM-output voltage ( V θ = 0° ) to TE-output voltage ( V θ = 90° ). This double-layer Au grating structure has great potential for use in polarimetric imaging applications due to its superior ability to resolve linear polarization signatures.
Isometric Training Lowers Resting Blood Pressure and Modulates Autonomic Control (2003)

It is concluded that isometric training at a moderate intensity elicits a hypotensive response and a simultaneous increase in vagal modulation in older adults with hypertension.
Control of oxyurids in mice using thiabendazole (1978)

Mice with a natural infection of Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera were continuously medicated with 0.1% thiabendazole in the diet. No oxyurids were found in test animals after 24 days of treatment though control animals remained infected. Growth rates in treated animals increased. 2 generations of mice were studied and, although overall production fell by 1.45%, the use of this drug in total eradication of the worms is suggested.
Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Decisions: EDSS Independent Disease Impact/Reserve and the Use of Additional Milestones that Matter (P4.392) (2018)

Explore objective computerized cognitive outcome measures to identify MS disability trajectory as it relates to impact not always apparent by relapse, EDSS or MRI.
Simultaneous Near-IR Spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Cerebral Oxygenation and Brain Water during Hypoxia-Ischemia in 2-week-old Rats (2001)

Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy can potentially probe several parameters related to the onset of stroke and the ensuing tissue damage. One obvious marker of ischemia is cerebral oxygenation, which can be lowered sharply in stroke-affected tissue. Also commonly assessed, though less straightforward to recover, is the redox state of the cytochrome aa3 copper center. Finally, parameters that are in principle available but seldom recovered from in vivo near-IR spectra are changes in water concentration and scattering properties of the tissue. We have evaluated the potential for near-IR spectroscopy to detect relevant changes in cerebral oxygenation, blood volume, water content, and scattering properties in an infant rat stroke model that is well characterized by magnetic resonance imaging methods. The specific aim was to acquire near-IR spectra simultaneously with MR images and to correlate stroke-associated changes detected via these two modalities prior to, during and after a hypoxia-ischemia episode within this stroke model. Presented here are results from the design and testing of a near-IR illumination/detection system that is compatible with an MR imaging system, and the recovery of trends in the near-IR spectra that complement the hypoxic-ischemic changes observed in the MR images. Unexpectedly large intensity changes observed for the in vivo near-IR water absorptions are ascribed to hypoxia-induced variations in effective optical pathlength, suggesting that the water absorptions may prove generally useful as a means to track such changes.
Analytic and Immunologic Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Protein Hydrolysates Obtained by Bromelain and α-Chymotrypsin (1997)

A water soluble concentrate of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) proteins was hydrolyzed by bromelain and α-chymotrypsin. Hydrolysis was verified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The use of ELISA in an inhibition system, conducted with chickpea protein antiserum raised in rabbits, showed that enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in a considerable reduction in the antigenic character of the proteins. Thus, the percentage inhibition by the α-chymotrypsin of hydrolysate was 58 ± 2.3% and that by the bromelain hydrolysate was 45 ± 4.5%. The peptides were measured by size exclusion chromatography. Peptides with molar mass lower than 1000 Da could be fractionated into fraction F1 containing peptides with molar mass higher than 500 Da, fraction F2 containing peptides with molar mass included between 200 and 500 Da, essentially small peptides containing 2, 3, or 4 amino acids, and fraction F3 containing free amino acids. The purified fractions were quantified with the TNBS method (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid). The small peptides in fraction F2 were separated by reverse phase HPLC and were sequenced. Keywords: Chickpea; hydrolysates; bromelain; α-chymotrypsin; antigenicity; ELISA; HP SEC
Lecture Course of Soft Matter Physics for Rubber Engineers (2020)

Rubber industries utilize many kinds of soft matter, polymer, colloids, surfactants etc. They are complex materials, but they all obey the law of physics, and their complex behaviors can be understood in terms of physics. In this series of lectures, I will try to explain the principles of physics which governs the complex behavior of these materials. In this first chapter, I will discuss the elasticity of rubbers: where does the unique elasticity of rubber come from, and how to understand the strange behaviors of rubber balloons.
Tensile properties of helical auxetic structures: A numerical study (2010)

This paper discusses a helical auxetic structure which has a diverse range of practical applications. The mechanical properties of the system can be determined by particular combinations of geometry and component material properties; finite element analysis is used to investigate the static behavior of these structures under tension. Modeling criteria are determined and design issues are discussed. A description of the different strain-dependent mechanical phases is provided. It is shown that the stiffnesses of the component fibers and the initial helical wrap angle are critical design parameters, and that strain-dependent changes in cross-section must be taken into consideration: we observe that the structures exhibit nonlinear behavior due to nonzero component Poisson’s ratios. Negative Poisson’s ratios for the helical structures as low as −5 are shown. While we focus here on the structure as a yarn our findings are, in principle, scaleable.
Protein–Polymer Delivery: Chemistry from the Cold Chain to the Clinic (2018)

Drug delivery is commonly thought of as the performance of a drug in vivo. Rather, the process of drug delivery can comprise of the journey of the drug from manufacturer to clinic, clinic to patient, and patient to disease. Each step of the journey includes hurdles that must be overcome for the therapeutic to be successful. Recent developments in proteinaceous therapeutics have made the successful completion of this journey even more important because of the relatively fragile nature of proteins in a drug delivery context. Polymers have been demonstrated to be an effective complement to proteinaceous therapeutics throughout this journey owing to their flexibility in design and function. During transit from manufacturer to clinic, the proteinaceous drug is threatened by denaturation at elevated temperatures. Polymers can help improve the thermal stability of the drug at ambient shipping conditions, thereby reducing the need for an expensive cold chain to preserve its bioactivity. Upon arrival at the clinic, the drug must be reconstituted into a suitable formulation that can be introduced into the patient. Unfortunately, traditional drug formulations relying on oral administration are generally not suitable for proteinaceous drugs owing to the hostile environment of the stomach. Other traditional methods of drug administration-like hypodermic injections-frequently suffer from low patient compliance. Polymers have been explored to design drug formulations suitable for alternative methods of administration. Upon entry into the body, proteinaceous drugs are at risk for identification, destruction, and excretion by the immune system. Polymers can help drugs reprogram immune system response and, in some cases, elicit a synergistic immune response. The next phase of research on protein-polymer-based therapeutics encourages a holistic effort to design systems that can survive each stage of the drug delivery journey.
Trabecular Bone Deficit and Enhanced Anabolic Response to Re-Ambulation after Disuse in Perlecan-Deficient Skeleton (2020)

Perlecan/Hspg2, a large monomeric heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is found in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, where it acts as a matrix scaffold, growth factor depot, and tissue barrier. Perlecan deficiency leads to skeletal dysplasia in Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome (SJS) and is a risk factor for osteoporosis. In the SJS-mimicking murine model (Hypo), inferior cortical bone quality and impaired mechanotransduction in osteocytes were reported. This study focused on trabecular bone, where perlecan deficiency was hypothesized to result in structural deficit and altered response to disuse and re-loading. We compared the Hypo versus WT trabecular bone in both axial and appendicular skeletons of 8-38-week-old male mice, and observed severe trabecular deficit in Hypo mice, approximately 50% reduction of Tb.BV/TV regardless of skeletal site and animal age. Defects in endochondral ossification (e.g., accelerated mineralization), increases in osteoclast activity, and altered differentiation of bone progenitor cells in marrow contributed to the Hypo phenotype. The Hypo trabecular bone deteriorated further under three-week hindlimb suspension as did the WT. Re-ambulation partially recovered the lost trabecular bone in Hypo, but not in WT mice. The novel finding that low-impact loading could counter detrimental disuse effects in the perlecan-deficient skeleton suggests a strategy to maintain skeletal health in SJS patients.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONALIZATION OF STEROID SIDE CHAINS: CONVERSION OF CHOLESTEROL TO CHOL‐5‐ENE‐3β,24‐DIOL (1980)

Abstract Cholesterol (I) wird in Gegenwart von Acetanhydrid zu (II) nitriert und dann zu (III) reduziert und hydriert.
<title>Polarization encoding for optical security systems</title> (1999)

An idea for security verification of identification such as passports, credit cards, and others in terms of difficulty of reproduction is proposed. The polarization information is used for security verification. As the state of the polarization encoded cannot be seen by an ordinary intensity sensitive device such as a CCD camera, it cannot be copied. For optical validation system, a joint transform correlator is used. Computer simulations and optical experimental results are shown to confirm our proposed method.
456. A new chromatographic procedure and its application to high polymers (1956)

C. A. Baker and R. J. P. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 2352 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560002352
Koordinationspolymere aus Silber(I)‐ und Kupfer(I)‐Ionen und einem anionischen Acetonyl‐Derivat von Tetracyanethylen (1996)

Völlig unerwartet reagiert Tetracyanethylen mit Aceton zu einem Tetracyanpentanonid, das mit Ag I ‐und Cu I ‐Ionen interessante Koordinationspolymere bildet. Die Silberverbindung weist eine Schichtstruktur auf, die aus zweifach ineinander verwobenen Netzen mit hexagonalen Maschen besteht. Die Kupferverbindung hat ein zeolithähnliches 3D‐Netzwerk, in dessen Kanälen Acetonmoleküle Platz haben, wie im Bild gezeigt ist. magnified image