gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Footbed shapes for enhanced footwear comfort (2009)

A shoe wearer's comfort is related to the shape of the footbed of a shoe. Even though the footbed shape is important in footwear design, there exists no methodology to evaluate the existing guidelines used in last making. Thirty-two females participated in an experiment where heel seat length, heel seat inclination and heel height were investigated using the profile assessment device. The dependent variables were plantar pressure and perceived feeling of each participant. The results show that perceived feel is best for wedge angles of 4 degrees and 5 degrees at a heel height of 25 mm, 10 degrees and 11 degrees at a heel height of 50 mm and 16 degrees and 18 degrees at a heel height of 75 mm. A regression model was derived and this explained approximately 80% of the variation of perceived feeling with the contact area, peak plantar pressure and percentage of force acting on the forefoot region. Both heel wedge angle and heel seat length play an important role in the perceived feel of high-heeled shoes. This study, in relation to the load-bearing heel part of a shoe, highlights the importance of good footbed design. The findings can be used to design footwear with enhanced comfort.
Convergence measures for contingency screening in continuation power flow (2004)

In continuation power flow (CPF), the power flow equations are reformulated to make the problem well-conditioned at all possible loading conditions including the voltage collapse point. Due to this, CPF has become the computational engine for voltage stability analysis (VSA) studies. In studies for calculating the available transfer capability (ATC) to transfer power across different regions of the power system, VSA is used to analyze base case conditions as well as contingency cases. To improve the computational performance, contingency screening has been proposed by various authors. Due to the nonlinear nature of the voltage stability problem, the performance of a screening method depends on the load level at which the screening is performed. The load level considered needs to be sufficiently close enough to the collapse point that it provides correct ranking as well as far away to ensure solvability of contingency cases. This paper addresses the issue of defining convergence measures that would help in selecting a load level in the base case curve for performing contingency screening.
Antigen-Induced Increase in Migration of Large Cortical Thymocytes (Regulatory Cells?) to the Marginal Zone and Red Pulp of the Spleen (1978)

Abstract Antigen-dependent and antigen-independent thymocyte migrations are described. Rats injected i.v. with a large dose of ovalbumin (100 mg) showed a 3-fold increase in the numbers of large, low density cells in thymus 2 days later. When subpopulations of different density were labeled with 3H-adenosine and transferred to normal recipients, they migrated preferentially to spleen, unlike cells from saline-injected donors, which equilibrated among all lymphoid organs. Data from autoradiographs and dissection of spleens showed that the increased radioactivity in spleen resulted from a 3-fold increase in the number of large cells, predominantly in the marginal zone and, secondarily, in the red pulp. This increased migration to marginal zone with antigen was superimposed upon a normal pathway taken by large, low density thymocytes to this site. When adrenalectomized rats, similarly treated, received intrathymic 125IUdR, radioactivity in spleens of the ovalbumin group after 24 hr was 2- to 3-fold greater than controls and, again, associated only with marginal zone-red pulp. When only cortical thymocytes were labeled by topical application of 125IUdR to the thymus capsule, the same enhanced localization in spleen was seen at 24 hr. Migration of small, dense, medullary thymocytes to the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (classical thymus-dependent area) was unaffected by antigen. Only large, low density thymocytes migrated to Peyer's patches. This migration was unaffected by antigen. Only dense thymocytes localized in the thymus. However, if thymocytes were transferred from antigentreated donors, no subpopulation homed to thymus.
ADAMTS13 protects mice against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and improving endothelial function (2018)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition without efficient therapeutic options. Recent studies have indicated that recombinant human a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs 13 (rhADAMTS13) provides protection against inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that ADAMTS13 might protect against AKI by reducing inflammation. Bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) was used as AKI models in this study. Prophylactic infusion of rhADAMTS13 was employed to investigate potential mechanisms of renal protection. Renal function, inflammation, and microvascular endothelial function were assessed after 24 h of reperfusion. Our results showed that I/R mice increased plasma von Willebrand factor levels but decreased ADAMTS13 expression. Administration of rhADAMTS13 to I/R mice recovered renal function, histological injury, and apoptosis. Renal inflammation was reduced by rhADAMTS13, accompanied with the downregulation of p38/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. rhADAMTS13 restored vasodilation in afferent arterioles in I/R mice. Furthermore, rhADAMTS13 treatment enhanced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser<sup>473</sup> and eNOS at Ser<sup>1177</sup>. Administration of the Akt pathway inhibitor wortmannin reduced the protective effect of rhADAMTS13. Our conclusions are that treatment with rhADAMTS13 ameliorates renal I/R injury by reducing inflammation, tubular cell apoptosis, and improving microvascular endothelial dysfunction. rhADAMTS13 could be a promising strategy to treat AKI in clinical settings.
Mechanism of binding of the new antimitotic drug MDL 27048 to the colchicine site of tubulin: Equilibrium studies (1992)

MDL 27048 [trans-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2- methyl-2-propen-1-one] fluoresces when bound to tubulin but not in solution. This effect has been investigated and found to be mimicked by viscous solvents. Therefore, MDL 27048 appears to be a fluorescent compound whose intramolecular rotational relaxation varies as a function of microenvironment viscosity. The binding parameters of MDL 27048 to tubulin have been firmly established by fluorescence of the ligand, quenching of the protein fluorescence, and gel equilibrium chromatography. The apparent binding equilibrium constant was (2.75 +/- 0.45) x 10(6)M-1, and the binding site number was 0.81 +/- 0.12 (10 mM sodium phosphate-0.1 mM GTP, pH 7.0, at 25 degrees C). The binding is exothermic. The binding of MDL 27048 overlaps the colchicine and podophyllotoxin binding sites. Binding of MDL 27048 to the colchicine site was also measured by competition with MTC [2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one] , a well-characterized reversibly binding probe of the colchicine site [Andreu et al. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1742-1752; Bane et al., (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7391-7398]. In contrast with close analogues of colchicine, MDL 27048 and podophyllotoxin neither affected the far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of tubulin, within experimental error, nor induced tubulin GTPase activity. Like podophyllotoxin, an excess of MDL 27048 over tubulin induced no abnormal cooperative polymerization of tubulin, which is characteristic of colchicine binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurement of Ventricular Size: Reliability of the Frontal and Occipital Horn Ratio Compared to Subjective Assessment (1999)

The FOR demonstrates excellent interobserver reliability (>0.9) and was superior to subjective assessments of hydrocephalus. In this study, excellent reliability was maintained regardless of the blinding status of the observers. This further demonstrates the properties of the FOR as a simple and reproducible measure of ventricular size. It is suitable for use in clinical studies, possibly even in situations in which observer blinding is not possible.
Numerical methods and calculations for droplet flow, heating and ignition (1982)

A numerical method was devised and employed to solve a variety of problems related to liquid droplet combustion. The basic transport equations of mass, momentum and energy were formulated in terms of generalized nonorthogonal coordinates, which allows for adaptive griding and arbitrary particle shape. Example problems are solved for internal droplet heating, droplet ignition and high Reynolds number flow over a droplet.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Approach to Vinigrol. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Selective One-step Introduction of Hydroxylic Functions at the C-5 and C-7 Positions of 20(S)-Camptothecin, an Alkaloid Having Antitumor Activity (1981)

e C-7 p o s i t i o n by a simple process using hydrogen peroxidemethanol i n t h e presence of f e r r o u s i o n a s t h e r a d i c a l source.Formation of diastereomers of 5-hydroxycamptothecin was observed by using ammonium persulfate-bromoacetic acid i n the presence Of f e r r o u s o r s i l v e r ion.The hydroxylic compounds prepared by the processes were converted f u r t h e r i n t o acyloxyl, alkoxyl, and carboxylic a c i d d e r i v a t i v e s .2O(S)-Camptothecin (1).an a l k a l o i d i s o l a t e d f i r s t from Camptotheca acuminata (NYSSACEAE) by Wall and CO-workers i n 1966,') has a t t r a c t e d much a t t e n t i o n because of i t s s i g n i f i c a n t i n h i b i t o r y a c t i v i t y toward leukemia L1210 i n mice and Walker 256 tumor i n r a t s ; ? ) however, i t s high t
Reactivity Studies on FeIII−(O22-)−CuII Compounds:  Influence of the Ligand Architecture and Copper Ligand Denticity (2007)

Heme-Cu/O2 adducts are of interest in the elucidation of the fundamental metal-O2 chemistry occurring in heme-Cu enzymes which effect reductive O-O cleavage of dioxygen to water. In this report, the chemistry of four heme-peroxo-copper [FeIII-(O22-)-CuII]+ complexes (1-4), varying in their ligand architecture, copper-ligand denticity, or both and thus their structures and physical properties are compared in their reactivity toward CO, PPh3, acids, cobaltocene, and phenols. In 1 and 2, the copper(II) ligand is N4-tetradentate, and the peroxo unit is bound side-on to iron(III) and end-on to the copper(II). In contrast, 3 and 4 contain a N3-tridentate copper(II) ligand, and the peroxo unit is bound side-on to both metal ions. CO "displaces" the peroxo ligand from 2-4 to form reduced CO-FeII and CO-CuI species. PPh3 reacts with 3 and 4 displacing the peroxide ligand from copper, forming (porphyrinate)FeIII-superoxide plus CuI-PPh3 species. Complex 2 does not react with PPh3, and surprisingly, 1 reacts neither with PPh3 nor CO, exhibiting remarkable stability toward these reagents. The behavior of 1 and 2 compared to that of 3 and 4 correlates with the different denticity of the copper ligand (tetra vs tridentate). Complexes 1-4 react with HCl releasing H2O2, demonstrating the basic character of the peroxide ligand. Cobaltocene causes the two-electron reduction of 1-4 giving the corresponding micro-oxo [FeIII-(O2-)-CuII]+ complexes, in contrast to the findings for other heme-peroxo-copper species of different design. With t-butyl-substituted phenols, no reaction occurs with 1-4. The results described here emphasize how ligand design and variations influence and control not only the structure and physical properties but also the reactivity patterns for heme-Cu/O2 adducts. Implications for future investigations of protonated heme/Cu-peroxo complexes, low-spin analogues, and ultimately O-O cleavage chemistry are discussed.
Manufacturing of functional microstructured surfaces by grinding with vitrified SiC- and cBN-wheels (2009)

Manufacturing of microstructured functional surfaces on components has become the focus of many research works in recent years. Based on traditional machining technologies, micromachining technologies have been further developed to produce microstructures. In this paper, the grinding process was investigated for the surface microstructuring at the example of riblet structures. The in streamwise direction aligned micro ribs (riblets) can reduce the near-wall turbulent surface friction up to 10% compared with smooth surfaces. The accomplished experiments show that by applying vitrified grinding wheels with micro profile tips generated by form dressing, microgroove structures with a width of 60 µm and depth of 20 µm can be manufactured for large area surfaces sufficiently. Both conventional SiC and superhard cBN grinding wheels were investigated concerning the profile accuracy during dressing and holding behaviour at grinding. The fabricated microstructures have been analysed concerning material removal and profile formation mechanisms.
Production of tetra-methylpyrazine using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum (2019)

<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> ATCC 13032 is an established and industrially-relevant microbial host that has been utilized for the expression of many desirable bioproducts. Tetra-methylpyrazine (TMP) is a naturally occurring alkylpyrazine with broad applications spanning fragrances to resins. We identified an engineered strain of <i>C. glutamicum</i> which produces 5 ​g/L TMP and separately, a strain which can co-produce both TMP and the biofuel compound isopentenol. Ionic liquids also stimulate TMP production in engineered strains. Using a fed batch-mode feeding strategy, ionic liquid stimulated strains produced 2.2 ​g/L of tetra-methylpyrazine. We show that feedback from a specific heterologous gene pathway on host physiology leads to acetoin accumulation and the production of TMP.
Fatigue monitoring of glass fiber reinforced composite using fiber Bragg grating (2011)

Glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) are widely used in all load bearing industrial applications. It is therefore critical to understand the fatigue characteristic of GFRC to improve the material characteristics of these composites and to prevent any untoward accidents. In this paper we describe the preliminary results of fatigue test on GFRC fabricated using an in-house laboratory scale resin transfer molding system. The fatigue tests are done for different load conditions – tension compression and reverse bending. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is embedded into the composite at the manufacturing step for monitoring the strain. The preliminary results of these experiments are presented.
Expression of human papillomavirus and prognosis of juvenile laryngeal papilloma. (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical behavior and expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis, in an attempt to develop an effective molecular biological method to predict prognosis. We included 37 patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis in the study group and 10 cases each of juvenile vocal cord polyps and juvenile normal laryngeal mucosa as the control group. We detected HPV by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, identified the virus type, and measured HPV-DNA content using a computer-assisted, color pathological image-analysis system. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective study with regard to the patients' clinical history to evaluate the prognosis. The data of the 2 groups were compared and statistically analyzed, including a correlation with prognosis. In the study group, 67.3% (25/37) were positive for HPV-Ag by immunocytochemistry; whereas 53.2%, 45.8%, and 25.4% were positive for HPV6b-DNA, HPV11-DNA, and HPV6b+11-DNA, respectively, by in situ hybridization. HPV was not detected in the control group. There was a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Compared to HPV11-DNA-positive cases, those that were positive for HPV6b-DNA and HPV6b+11-DNA showed lower results on average, for age at first diagnosis and self-relief, number of surgeries, and interval between surgeries. Our findings suggest that immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization are useful methods to evaluate the prognosis of juvenile laryngeal papilloma (JLP) and that HPV6b-positivity can be used as an index to predict the development and outcome of JLP.
Construction of whole genomes from scaffolds using single cell strand-seq data (2018)

Accurate reference genome sequences provide the foundation for modern molecular biology and genomics as the interpretation of sequence data to study evolution, gene expression and epigenetics depends heavily on the quality of the genome assembly used for its alignment. Correctly organising sequenced fragments such as contigs and scaffolds in relation to each other is a critical and often challenging step in the construction of robust genome references. We previously identified misoriented regions in the mouse and human reference assemblies using Strand-seq, a single cell sequencing technique that preserves DNA directionality 1, 2 . Here we demonstrate the ability of Strand-seq to build and correct full-length chromosomes, by identifying which scaffolds belong to the same chromosome and determining their correct order and orientation, without the need for overlapping sequences. We demonstrate that Strand-seq exquisitely maps assembly fragments into large related groups and chromosome-sized clusters without using new assembly data. Using template strand inheritance as a bi-allelic marker, we employ genetic mapping principles to cluster scaffolds that are derived from the same chromosome and order them within the chromosome based solely on directionality of DNA strand inheritance. We prove the utility of our approach by generating improved genome assemblies for several model organisms including the ferret, pig, Xenopus, zebrafish, Tasmanian devil and the Guinea pig.
Synthesis and expression of a gene from kringle-2 domain of tissue plasminogen activator in E. coli. (1994)

The DNA fragment corresponding to the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) sequence 174-262 (Kringle-2 domain) has been synthesized by using the solid phase phosphotriester method. The Kringle-2 domain of human tPA was expressed in Escherichia coli by secretion into the periplasmic space using the Lpp-Lac promoter and PIN-III OmpA2 signal sequence. About two thirds of the expression product was secreted into the periplasmic space, and purified with ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography on Lysine-Sepharose, and FPLC-Mono Q exchange chromatography. The amino acid composition observed from the Kringle-2 purified from E. coli is identical with that expected for the 174-262 fragment of human tPA. Radio binding assay shows that the recombinant Kringle-2 domain possesses the activity of fibrin binding.
Description et validation d'un micro test de prédiction de la valeur meunière du blé tendre (2001)

*INRA Unité de Technologie des céréales et des agropolymères 34060 Montpellier (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA Unité de Technologie des céréales et des agropolymères 34060 Montpellier (FRA)
Predicting sound-localization performance with hearing-protection devices using computational auditory models (2017)

Evaluation of the effect of hearing-protection devices (HPDs) on auditory tasks such as detection, localization, and speech intelligibility typically is done with human-subject testing. However, such data collections can be impractical due to the time-consuming processes of subject recruitment and the testing itself, particularly when multiple tasks and HPDs are included. An alternative, objective testing protocol involves the use of a binaural mannequin (a.k.a an acoustic test fixture) and computational models of the auditory system. For example, data collected at the eardrums of such a mannequin outfitted with an HPD can be fed into a binaural localization model. If the performance of the model with such input can be shown to be similar to that of human subjects, the model-based assessment may be sufficient to characterize the hearing protector and inform further design decisions. In this presentation we will describe the preliminary results of an effort to replicate human-subject localization performance for 5 HPDs and the open ear using an acoustic test fixture and three auditory localization models. The task involved localizing the direction of a gun-cocking sound from the center of a 24-loudspeaker ring. Variations among the models, as well as a comparison to the human-subject data will be discussed. [Work sponsored by US Army NSRDEC.]
Direct evidence of Cd diffusion into Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films during chemical-bath deposition process of CdS films (1999)

The diffusion behavior at the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS)/CdS interface of high efficiency CIGS thin film solar cells has been investigated using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy. CdS layers were deposited on CIGS thin films using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process. EDX analysis revealed that Cd was present in the CIGS layer approximately 100 Å from the interface boundary. In contrast to the diffusion of Cd, the Cu concentration decreased near the surface of the CIGS film, suggesting substitution of Cd for Cu atoms. These results are direct evidence of Cd diffusion into CIGS thin films during the CBD process.
Purification of ornithine decarboxylase from kidneys of androgen-treated mice (1982)

Ornithine decarboxylase has been purified to homogeneity from kidneys of androgen-treated mice. Such kidneys have an enzyme content 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of other mammalian tissues such as induced rat liver, and only a 10350-fold purification was needed for purification. The enzyme preparation gave a single band on isoelectric focusing and on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions. These bands corresponded to the enzyme activity and to the migration of ornithine decarboxylase labeled by reaction with alpha-(difluoromethyl) [5-14C]ornithine, a specific inhibitor. The enzyme has a Mr of about 100 000 and is a dimer of subunit Mr 53 000. The Km for L-ornithine was 75 micron and for pyridoxal phosphate, 0.3 micron. The preparation had a specific activity of 50 mumol of CO2 produced min-1 mg-1 and bound a stoichiometric amount of the irreversible inhibitor, alpha-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (one molecule per subunit). The purified enzyme was unstable even in the presence of 2.5 mM dithiothreitol and 40 micron pyridoxal phosphate unless 0.02% Brij 35 was added. In the presence of this detergent, the enzyme could be stored with little loss of activity.