gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using timing flexibility of automatic test equipment to complement X-tolerant test compression techniques (2007)

This paper introduces the concept of utilizing the timing flexibility of automatic test equipment (ATE) when designing X-tolerant test compactors. Redundant information is generated by the compactor and transferred to the ATE at a frequency k times higher than the scan shift frequency. This technique is different than current X-tolerant compactors where the necessary redundant information is generated on additional compactor outputs. If the Compactor design can take into account the ATE capabilities, the knowledge of the redundancy can be efficiently used. The ATE will select the relevant information out of the compacted test response, which then leads to a reduction of the ATE compare data by a factor k. In the best case this method can be applied without extra costs related to the higher frequency. The benefit of this approach is a higher parallel test factor due to the reduced number of output pins. This paper explains the capabilities of the employed ATE which need to be taken into account when designing an X-tolerant compactor using a higher output data rate. The method is also demonstrated on a shift register which works at a multiple of the scan shift frequency.
Pull-Out Mechanism in Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (1976)

The bond between steel fibers and portland cement matrices is a critical factor in determining the strength properties of fiber-reinforced concrete structural elements. The influence of the following three major parameters on the pull-out behavior of fibers was studied: the angle of orientation of the fibers with the loading direction, the number of fibers being simultaneously pulled out from the same area, and the efficiency of random orientation. It is shown that: (1)The pull-out load of a randomly oriented fiber is not lower than that of an aligned fiber; (2)the pull-out capacity of a group of randomly oriented fibers decreases drastically when the number of fibers pulling out from the same area increases; and (3)the efficiency of fiber orientation after matrix cracking is substantially higher than efficiency factors derived from the theoretical elastic considerations. These results seem to explain why the addition to a concrete matrix of fibers with highly improved bond properties does not often lead to an equivalent improvement in the composite properties.
Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument: A Psychometric Evaluation (2016)

PANQOLI is the first disease-specific instrument to be developed and validated for the evaluation of quality of life in chronic pancreatitis patients. It has a unique subscale for "self-worth" that differentiates it from other generic instruments. Studies are currently under way to evaluate its use in other populations not included in this study.
Reinforcement Learning for Scalable and Reliable Power Allocation in SDN-based Backscatter Heterogeneous Network (2020)

Backscatter heterogeneous networks are expected to usher a new era of massive connectivity of low-powered devices. With the integration of software-defined networking (SDN), such networks hold the promise to be a key enabling technology for massive Internet-of-things (IoT) due to myriad applications in industrial automation, healthcare, and logistics management. However, there are many aspects of SDN-based backscatter heterogeneous networks that need further development before practical realization. One of the challenging aspects is the high level of interference due to the reuse of spectral resources for backscatter communications. To partly address this issue, this article provides a reinforcement learning-based solution for effective interference management when backscatter tags coexist with other legacy devices in a heterogeneous network. Specifically, using reinforcement learning, the agents are trained to minimize the interference for macro-cell (legacy users) and small-cell (backscatter tags). Novel reward functions for both macro- and small-cells have been designed that help in controlling the transmission power levels of users. The results show that the proposed framework not only improves the performance of macro-cell users but also fulfills the quality of service requirements of backscatter tags by optimizing the long-term rewards.
Toward Development of an Autonomous Network of Bacteria-Based Delivery Systems (BacteriaBots): Spatiotemporally High-Throughput Characterization of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Response (2014)

Characterization of bacterial innate and engineered cooperative behavior, regulated through chemical signaling in a process known as quorum sensing, is critical to development of a myriad of bacteria-enabled systems including biohybrid drug delivery systems and biohybrid mobile sensor networks. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that microfluidic diffusive mixers can be used for spatiotemporally high-throughput characterization of bacterial quorum-sensing response. Using this batch characterization method, the quorum-sensing response in Escherichia coli MG1655, transformed with a truncated lux operon from Vibrio fischeri, in the presence of 1-100 nM exogenous acyl-homoserine lactone molecules has been quantified. This method provides a rapid and facile tool for high-throughput characterization of the quorum-sensing response of genetically modified bacteria in the presence of a wide concentration range of signaling molecules with a precision of ±0.5 nM. Furthermore, the quorum-sensing response of BacteriaBots has been characterized to determine if the results obtained from a large bacterial population can serve as a robust predictive tool for the small bacterial population attached to each BacteriaBot.
Autonomous rotor heat engine (2017)

The triumph of heat engines is their ability to convert the disordered energy of thermal sources into useful mechanical motion. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to generalizing thermodynamic notions to the quantum regime, partly motivated by the promise of surpassing classical heat engines. Here, we instead adopt a bottom-up approach: we propose a realistic autonomous heat engine that can serve as a test bed for quantum effects in the context of thermodynamics. Our model draws inspiration from actual piston engines and is built from closed-system Hamiltonians and weak bath coupling terms. We analytically derive the performance of the engine in the classical regime via a set of nonlinear Langevin equations. In the quantum case, we perform numerical simulations of the master equation. Finally, we perform a dynamic and thermodynamic analysis of the engine's behavior for several parameter regimes in both the classical and quantum case and find that the latter exhibits a consistently lower efficiency due to additional noise.
A Prospective Study of Passive Smoking and Risk of Diabetes in a Cohort of Workers (2008)

In this cohort, exposure to passive smoke in the workplace was associated with an increased risk of diabetes after adjustment for a large number of possible confounders.
Cobalt(III)‐katalysierte C‐H‐Aminocarbonylierung von Arenen und Alkenen mit Isocyanaten und Acylaziden (2015)

Abstract Nützliche C‐H‐Aminocarbonylierungen von nichtaktivierten (Hetero)Arenen und Alkenen mit hoher Toleranz für funktionelle Gruppen konnten mit einem Cobalt(III)‐Katalysator realisiert werden. Die C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen zeigten exzellente Chemo‐, Regio‐ und Diastereoselektivitäten und ermöglichten eine stufenökonomische Umsetzung von Isocyanaten oder Acylaziden.
Neuralgia del trigémino. Opciones del tratamiento neuroquirúrgicas. (1997)

El dolor facial lancinante de la neuralgia del trigemino responde habitualmente al tratamiento medico. No obstante, en algunos pacientes, la neuralgia del trigemino es refractaria al tratamiento con farmacos. Ademas, algunos pacientes son incapaces de tolerar los efectos adversos de la mediacion. En estos casos, se dispone de varios procedimientos quirurgicos seguros y efectivos para el tratamiento de este comun sindrome de dolor facial.
Genome-wide promoter methylation analysis in neuroblastoma identifies prognostic methylation biomarkers (2012)

This study combines two genome-wide methylation discovery methodologies and is the most extensive validation study in neuroblastoma performed thus far. We identified several novel prognostic DNA methylation markers and provide a basis for the development of a DNA methylation-based prognostic classifier in neuroblastoma.
Different polypeptides form the intermediate filaments in bovine hoof and esophageal epithelium and in aortic endothelium. (1981)

Polypeptides that form 10-nm filaments in vitro were isolated from three different bovine tissues: the viable portion of the hoof epithelium, the epithelium of the esophagus, and cultured endothelial cells derived from aorta. The seven polypeptides from hoof, the two from esophagus, and the one from endothelial cells were different with respect to mobility in SDS polyacrylamide gels and/or limited proteolytic digestion. Peptide maps of the different filament-forming polypeptides (FFP's) showed that none of the smaller FFP's was a fragment of any of the larger FFP's. Several isomobile fragments were found in the peptide maps of different FFP's, suggesting that they might contain regions of amino acid sequence homology. We present a hypothesis that suggests how the different 10-nm filament-forming proteins may be related.
Nanoengineering of fibre surface for carbon fibre-carbon nanotube hierarchical composites (2019)

An alumina coating of carbon fiber provides protection in the harsh conditions of direct carbon nanotube growth. We enhanced the alumina-fibre adhesion by surface treatment that promotes covalent bonding.
Development of an Aequorin Luminescence Calcium Assay for High-Throughput Screening Using a Plate Reader, the LumiLux (2008)

A luminescence assay using a new plate reader, the LumiLux (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA), has been validated for high-throughput screening (HTS). In this study, we compared the aequorin luminescence-based calcium mobilization assay to the fluorescence-based calcium assay. A cell line stably co-expressing apo-aequorin, a chimeric G-protein, and a G-protein-coupled dopamine receptor was used to screen a collection of 8,106 compounds using the Hamamatsu Photonics (Bridgewater, NJ) FDSS6000 and LumiLux as the plate readers. The assay parameters evaluated included hit rate correlation, signal-to-noise ratio, and overall assay performance calculated by Z and standard deviation. The average Z values and hit rates were comparable between assay platforms;however, the standard deviation for the agonist aequorin assay was significantly smaller. There was also a significant decrease in the number of false-positives with the aequorin assay. These results suggest that the aequorin assay in combination with the new plate reader, LumiLux, provides a simple, cost-effective, robust, and sensitive assay for HTS
A Sesquiterpene Lactone, Costunolide, from Magnolia grandiflora Inhibits NF-κB by Targeting IκB Phosphorylation (2001)

A sesquiterpene lactone, costunolide (CTN), was identified from Magnolia grandiflora together with parthenolide (PTN) by its strong inhibition of LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation. CTN, which showed more potent inhibition than PTN in the NF-kappa B activation, strongly suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that CTN suppressed the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. CTN also significantly inhibited LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-kappa B as well as the LPS-induced degradation of I kappa B-alpha and -beta. Furthermore, CTN inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha. These findings support that CTN inhibits NO production by down-regulating iNOS expression, at least, in part through the inhibition of I kappa Bs' phosphorylation and degradation, which are essential for the activation of NF-kappa B.
Effects of Introgression and Recombination on Haplotype Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium Surrounding a Locus EncodingBymovirusResistance in Barley (2006)

We present a detailed analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the physical and genetic context of the barley gene Hv-eIF4E, which confers resistance to the barley yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) complex. Eighty-three SNPs distributed over 132 kb of Hv-eIF4E and six additional fragments genetically mapped to its flanking region were used to derive haplotypes from 131 accessions. Three haplogroups were recognized, discriminating between the alleles rym4 and rym5, which each encode for a spectrum of resistance to BYMV. With increasing map distance, haplotypes of susceptible genotypes displayed diverse patterns driven mainly by recombination, whereas haplotype diversity within the subgroups of resistant genotypes was limited. We conclude that the breakdown of LD within 1 cM of the resistance gene was generated mainly by susceptible genotypes. Despite the LD decay, a significant association between haplotype and resistance to BYMV was detected up to a distance of 5.5 cM from the resistance gene. The LD pattern and the haplotype structure of the target chromosomal region are the result of interplay between low recombination and recent breeding history.
Surface modification using RF oxygen plasma in tissue engineering (2008)

Scaffolds intended for use in tissue engineering applications often invoke a foreign body response upon implantation leading to undesirable effects, such as encapsulation or rejection of the scaffold. Therefore to develop their full potential, biodegradable tissue engineering scaffold surfaces must be modified to overcome this foreign body response. Current research has suggested that negatively charged and hydrophilic surfaces avoid this response by inducing apoptosis in the responsible immune cells. One approach which has shown potential in functionalising biodegradable polymer surfaces with a negatively charged surface is oxygen plasma treatment. It has the advantages of controllability, versatility, and simultaneous sterilisation of the implant. Examples from our studies into the use of oxygen plasma treatment of the commonly used polymer poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) will illustrate a number of important issues. In these studies PLGA was thinly and uniformly coated on glass coverslips to mimic the internal pore surfaces of tissue engineering scaffolds produced by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). It was found that oxygen plasma, at pressures within the limits of current testing (4x10-4 to 10-4 mbar; 10-60 s), significantly reduces the advancing and receding water contact angle. Contact angles obtained from samples washed once in ethanol after treatment consistently yielded contact angle values up to 10° higher than unwashed samples, supporting theories that oxygen plasma treatment cleaves PLGA chains, liberating soluble oligomeric products. XPS data indicates an increase in atomic oxygen content after plasma treatment by 1% in washed samples and by 2% in unwashed samples. AFM was used to visualise the extent of etching resulting from the oxygen plasma treatment, and surface roughness was found to change from &lt; 1 nm (untreated sample) to 14 ± 3 nm (10 s oxygen plasma treatment at 150 mTorr). The findings of this study highlight the dual effect of oxygen plasma treatment and cautions the use of materials subjected to oxygen plasma in biological assays that have not been washed prior to their use.
2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidinium trifluoroacetate (2003)

Both ions of the title compound, C9H18NO+·CF3CO2−, are located on a crystallographic mirror plane. The piperidone ring adopts an almost ideal chair conformation. The different ions form hydrogen-bonded chains, extending parallel to the crystallographic a axis.
Wireless technology designed to provide true binaural amplification (2005)

In Brief A new hearing system is described in which the two hearing aids communicate with each other, creating, say the authors, not just bilateral, but truly binaural, amplification.
Side-by-Side "Lean" Process Mapping of Fingerstick i-STAT PT-INR Versus Venipuncture Stago PT-INR (2008)

s: Critical and Point-of-Care Testing: Managing Technology for the Benefit of All Populations: 22nd International Symposium: September 17-20, 2008: Catalonia Barcelona Plaza Hotel|Barcelona, Spain
Plant viral nanoparticles for packaging and in vivo delivery of bioactive cargos (2020)

Nanoparticles have unique capabilities and considerable promise for many different biological uses. One capability is delivering bioactive cargos to specific cells, tissues, or organisms. Depending on the task, there are multiple variables to consider including nanoparticle selection, targeting strategies, and incorporating cargo so it can be delivered in a biologically active form. One nanoparticle option, genetically controlled plant viral nanoparticles (PVNPs), is highly uniform within a given virus but quite variable between viruses with a broad range of useful properties. PVNPs are flexible and versatile tools for incorporating and delivering a wide range of small or large molecule cargos. Furthermore, PVNPs can be modified to create nanostructures that can solve problems in medical, environmental, and basic research. This review discusses the currently available techniques for delivering bioactive cargos with PVNPs and potential cargos that can be delivered with these strategies. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
Green algal cyt~hrome bd complexes: isolation and chara.oterization from Duttaliella saline, Chlamyd Jmonas rem~rdsii and Scenedesmus obliquus (1988)

Cytochrome be- / complexes have been isolated from CMamydomoMs teiakud6i, Dmmliella ~ and SceMdesmus obUq~s. Each complex is essentially free of cMomikyll and camtetteids and contains cytoehrome b e and cytochrome / heroes in a 2:1 molar ratio. C. rek/mm~ and S. ~ complexes contain the Rieske iron-sullur protein (present in aPWox I:1 me~ ratio to cyt~ ~f) and each catalyzes a DBMIB- and DNP-INT.sensitive electron transfer from dmequi~ to spinach plaslecyantn. Immunological assays using antibodies to the peptides from the spinach eytoctmm~ complex show v~ying cress-reactivity patterns except for the cemldete absence of binding to the Rieske Wotela in aay d the three complexes, suggesting little structural similarity between the Rieske pt'otehts of algae with those from higher plants. One cot,qdex (D. sa/bta) has been uniformly labeled by growth in Nalit4co3 to determiae stoichiometries of constituent polypaptide sabunits. Results from these studies indicate that all functimmay active cytochrome be/complexes contain four subtmits which occur in equimdar amounts.
Anti-angiogenic activity of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) (2004)

A significant anticancer activity of the naturally occurring carbohydrate inositol hexaphosphate (IP(6)) has been reported against numerous cancer models. Since tumors require angiogenesis for growth and metastasis, we hypothesize that IP(6) reduces tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. Because angiogenesis depends on the interaction between endothelial and tumor cells, we investigated the effect of IP(6) on both. IP(6) inhibited the proliferation and induced the differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro; the growth of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) evaluated by MTT proliferation assay was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50) = 0.74 mM). The combination of IP(6) and vasostatin, a calreticulin fragment with anti-angiogenic activity, was synergistically superior in growth inhibition than either compound. IP(6) inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation (in vitro capillary differentiation) on a reconstituted extracellular matrix, Matrigel, and disrupted pre-formed tubes. IP(6) significantly reduced basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced vessel formation (P < 0.01) in vivo in Matrigel plug assay. Exposure of HepG2, a human hepatoma cell line, to IP(6) for 8 h, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as assessed by RT-PCR. IP(6) treatment of HepG2 cells for 24 h also significantly reduced the VEGF protein levels in conditioned medium, in a concentration-dependent manner (P = 0.012). Thus, IP(6) has an inhibitory effect on induced angiogenesis.
Myc-mediated transactivation of HSP70 expression following exposure to magnetic fields (1998)

We investigated c-myc protein-binding sites on the HSP70 promoter as modulators of the induction of HSP70 gene expression in response to magnetic field stimulation (8microT at 60Hz) and whether the presence of c-myc protein potentiates transactivation of HSP70 expression. A 320 base pair region in the HSP70 promoter (+1 to -320) was analyzed. This region contains two c-myc-protein binding sites with consensus sequences located at -230 and -160 nucleotide positions (relative to the transcription initiation site) and overlapping with the region reported for the regulation of HSP70 gene expression by c-myc protein. This promoter region is upstream of other regulatory sequences, including the heat shock element (HSE), AP-2, and serum response element (SRE). Transfectants containing both c-myc protein-binding sites, HSP-MYC A and HSP-MYC B, and exposed to magnetic fields showed a 3.0-fold increase in expression of CAT activity as compared with sham-exposed control transfectants. Transfectants containing one c-myc binding site, HSP-MYC A, and exposed to magnetic fields showed a 2.3-fold increase in CAT expression. Transfectants in which both HSP-MYC A and HSP-MYC B binding sites were deleted showed no magnetic field sensitivity; values were virtually identical with sham-exposed controls. If the c-myc expression vector was not co-transfected with the constructs containing myc-binding sites, there was no difference in the expression of CAT activity between magnetically stimulated and sham-exposed controls, although both responded to heat shock. These data suggest that endogenous elevated levels of myc protein contribute to the induction of HSP70 in response to magnetic field stimulation.
A Case of Facial Asymmetry due to Condylar Hyperplasia- A Treatment Strategy for Active Condylar Hyperplasia- (2012)

Unilateral condylar hyperplasia of the mandible is relatively rare. Condy- lar hyperplasia (CH) is classified into two types, active and inactive CH, using histo- pathological criteria. Treatment plans should be drawn up according to the type of CH present. In cases involving high CH activity, high condylectomy is recommended. In addition, the extent of the expected deformity should be considered in order to improve facial symmetry and occlusion. Thus, simultaneous orthognathic surgery is also necessary in such cases.
100-Gb/s PAM4 link modeling incorporating MPI (2015)

100-Gb/s PAM4 optical links based on cascaded silicon modulators and DSP-based receivers are comprehensively modeled. Simulation results highlight the impact of key impairments such as MPI, RIN, passive loss, and receiver noise.
Protein‐Based Delivery Systems for the Nanoencapsulation of Food Ingredients (2018)

Many proteins possess functional attributes that make them suitable for the encapsulation of bioactive agents, such as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This article reviews the state of the art of protein-based nanoencapsulation approaches. The physicochemical principles underlying the major techniques for the fabrication of nanoparticles, nanogels, and nanofibers from animal, botanical, and recombinant proteins are described. Protein modification approaches that can be used to extend their functionality in these nanocarrier systems are also described, including chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments. The encapsulation, retention, protection, and release of bioactive agents in different protein-based nanocarriers are discussed. Finally, some of the major challenges in the design and fabrication of protein-based delivery systems are highlighted.