gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of High Temperature Silicon Nitride Microturbine Rotors (2008)

Development and testing of gas turbine quality high temperature silicon nitride (NT154) components will be described. An advanced CNC green (using pressed powder blanks prior to densification) machining based complex shape forming methodology has been developed and successfully deployed to fabricate gas turbine quality rotor, vane ring and shroud components to net shape with high yield and required dimensional tolerances. Utilizing a systems approach involving green blank properties, type of cutting tools and machining parameters, the process has been optimized to achieve required as machined surface finish, dimensional control and part integrity. Integral bladed micro turbine rotors (IBR) and vane rings have been fabricated with dimensional control within 100 microns, surface finish within 1–2 microns. IBRs so formed have been successfully spin tested at room temperature at 40% above designed speed approaching maximum stress in the vicinity of 400 MPa.
Electrochromism and Solvatochromism (1969)

Abstract The position and the intensity of electronic bands are influenced by an electric field. Pronounced changes in the position of absorption bands are mainly due to the dipole moment of the molecule in the ground state and the change in the dipole moment during the excitation process, and pronounced changes in intensity are due to the field dependence of the transition moment, which can be described by the transition polarizability. The effect of an external electric field on the optical absorption (electrochromism) of suitable molecules can be used to determine the dipole moment in the ground state, the change in dipole moment during the excitation process, the direction of the transition moment of the electronic band, and certain components of the transition polarizability tensor. These data largely determine the strong solvatochromism (solvent‐dependence of the position and intensity of electronic bands), which is observed in particular with molecules having large dipole moments. Smaller contributions to solvatochromism result from dispersion interactions, which predominate in the case of nonpolar molecules. The models developed have been experimentally checked and verified by a combination of electro‐optical absorption measurements (influence of an external electric field on absorption) and investigation of the solvent‐dependence of the electronic bands.
Graphene Antiadhesion Layer for the Effective Peel-and-Pick Transfer of Metallic Electrodes toward Flexible Electronics (2021)

Owing to its exceptional physicochemical properties, graphene has demonstrated unprecedented potential in a wide array of scientific and industrial applications. By exploiting its chemically inert surface endowed with unique barrier functionalities, we herein demonstrate antiadhesive monolayer graphene films for realizing a peel-and-pick transfer process of target materials from the donor substrate. When the graphene antiadhesion layer (AAL) is inserted at the interface between the metal and the arbitrary donor substrate, the interfacial interactions can be effectively weakened by the weak interplanar van der Waals forces of graphene, enabling the effective release of the metallic electrode from the donor substrate. The flexible embedded metallic electrode with graphene AAL exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical durability, and chemical resistance, as well as excellent performance in flexible heater applications. This study afforded an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance and ultraflexible embedded metallic electrodes for applications in the field of highly functional flexible electronics.
Integrity of the minor spliceosome in the developing mouse hypothalamus determines neuronal subtype composition regulating energy balance (2022)

Abstract While gene regulatory networks underlying hypothalamic development are being characterized, minor intron splicing remains unexplored. Here, we used Nkx2 . 1-Cre to ablate Rnu11 , encoding the minor spliceosome-specific U11 snRNA, in the progenitors of the ventral diencephalon (VD), to study minor intron splicing in hypothalamic development and control of energy balance in mice. Loss of U11 resulted in aberrant minor intron splicing, mitotic stalling, apoptosis, and altered neurogenesis. Mutant mice exhibited gross dysgenesis of hypothalamic architecture, while single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) revealed aberrant composition of neuronal subtypes implicated in feeding and energy balance. Mutant weanlings failed to thrive, followed by rapid weight gain, resulting in obesity. Assessment of energy imbalance and pair-feeding demonstrated that hyperphagia in adult mutants initiates weight gain, and is compounded by metabolic dysfunction, ultimately resulting in obesity. Our findings suggest a key role of minor intron splicing in the developmental patterning of hypothalamic neuronal subtypes underlying energy balance.
Field Study of the Anodic Overvoltage in Prebaked Anode Cells (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
AN INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURE FOR RECOGNITION OF TOTALLY UNCONSTRAINED HANDWRITTEN NUMERALS (1993)

A multi-staged system for off-line handwritten numeral recognition is presented here. After scanning, the digitized binary bitmap image of the source document is passed through a preprocessing stage which performs segmentation, thinning and rethickening, normalization, and slant correction. The recognizer is a three-layered neural net trained with back-propagation algorithm. While a few systems that use three-layered nets for recognition have been presented in the literature, the contribution of our system is based on two aspects: elaborate preprocessing based on structural pattern recognition methods combined with a neural net based recognizer; and integration of neural net based and structural pattern recognition methods to produce high accuracies.
Measurement-while-drilling surveying of highly inclined and horizontal well sections utilizing single-axis gyro sensing system (2004)

In the oil industry, when developing a plan for drilling horizontal wells, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) surveying becomes one of the important prerequisites for the successful completion of the drilling process. MWD surveying of horizontal wells determines the position and the orientation of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) in real-time during the drilling operation. The BHA orientation is determined by its inclination from the vertical direction as well as its azimuth. The present MWD surveying system incorporates three-axis accelerometers and three-axis magnetometers mounted in three mutually orthogonal directions. This magnetic surveying system suffers from the deviation of the magnetic field measurements due to the massive amount of steel around the drilling rig. A new method utilizing the fibre optic gyroscopes (FOG) technology was suggested to replace the magnetic surveying system. It was reported that a single FOG mounted inside the bearing assembly with its sensitive axis along the tool spin axis could be incorporated with three-axis accelerometers to continuously survey the near-vertical well section. This study aims at suggesting a surveying methodology for highly inclined and horizontal well sections utilizing FOG sensors. At each surveying station, the intrinsic uncertainties of the surveying sensors and the other vibration-induced noise are reduced using a transversal finite impulse response filter. The inclination is then computed by processing the accelerometer measurements, while the gyro measurement is utilized to determine the azimuth. In addition, optimal estimation techniques based on Kalman filtering are used to improve the azimuth accuracy and to limit the effect of the drift of the surveying sensors over time. This study indicates that gyroscopic surveying utilizing the FOG technology can be a reliable solution for MWD surveying of horizontal wells.
A review of the role of antibiotic policies in the control of antibiotic resistance (1999)

The optimal antibiotic control measures remain to be described and probably vary between institutions. Nevertheless, various control measures have been shown to be useful in reducing costs of therapy and total amounts of prescribing, while maintaining quality of care. More recently, interest has turned to whether antibiotic policies can reduce the spread of resistance and even reverse current high levels. Early studies indicated this was feasible, but mathematical models and the recent discovery of the role of transposons and integrons in multi-drug resistance have both cast doubt on likely future success in this area. Nevertheless, there have been some major successes in recent studies, both in the community and hospital. While cross-infection is a major impediment to control of resistance, there is little doubt that careful antibiotic prescribing can curtail the emergence and reduce the prevalence of resistance.
The Impact of Prior TURP on Radical Prostatectomy Surgical Margins: A Multicenter Analysis (2013)

Men treated with TURP before RP presented an overall incidence of PSM similar to those without previous TURP, but with a higher risk of PSM at the bladder neck and a lower risk of PSM at the prostatic apex.
Oxygen consumption calorimetry, William Parker: 2016 DiNenno Prize (2017)

The 2016 DiNenno Prize recognizes oxygen consumption calorimetry as a significant technical achievement that has had a major impact on public safety. Oxygen consumption calorimetry has made the measurement of heat release rate of a fire a routine part of fire testing for both research and for regulatory compliance. Heat release rate is a primary metric of fire size which is foundational in modern fire protection engineering. The 2016 Philip J. DiNenno Prize is awarded to Dr. William Parker, with ample commendation to his deceased collaborator, Dr. Clayton Huggett. Others who made contributions to the early development and application of oxygen consumption calorimetry include Peter Hinkley, William Christian, Thomas Waterman, Darryl Sensenig, Ralph Krause, Richard Gann, Vyto Babrauskas, Gunnar Heskestad, Norm Alvares, Donald Beason, and Brady Williamson. This review presents an overview of the background to the technological development and its impact on public safety.
In Situ Synthesis of Polypyrrole-γ-Fe2O3-Fly Ash Nanocomposites for Protection against EMI Pollution (2014)

The present paper reports utilization of an industrial byproduct fly ash for potential application by designing nanostick shaped polypyrrole composites decorated with γ-Fe2O3 and fly ash particles via in situ emulsion polymerization. The structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites with varying loading of γ-Fe2O3 and fly ash particles have been investigated. The result indicates that these properties can be optimized by modulating the concentration of the constituents in a polymer matrix. Polypyrrole-γ-Fe2O3-fly ash nanocomposites have a superparamagnetic nature with an Ms value of 13.55 emu/g, electrical conductivity of the order of 10–2 S/cm, and a maximum SE due to absorption (SEA(max)) being ca. 17.4 dB. The overall shielding effectiveness (SE = SEA + SER) up to 25.5 dB (∼99.7% attenuation) has been recorded for polypyrrole nanocomposites having pyrrole, γ-Fe2O3, and fly ash in a 1:1:0.5 wt. ratio in the frequency range of 12.4–18 GHz (Ku-band).
An Evidence-Based Model Comparing the Cost-effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel to Alternative Therapies for Patients with Nonhealing Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2008)

Use of PRP gel resulted in improved quality of life and lower cost of care over a 5-year period than other treatment modalities for nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers. Although actual treatment outcomes may differ from those modeled, PRP gel represents a potentially attractive treatment alternative for insurers and health care providers to address the cost burden and health effects of nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers.
Adenosinergic mechanisms underlying recovery of diaphragm motor function following upper cervical spinal cord injury: potential therapeutic implications (2005)

Objectives: In adult rats, a latent respiratory motor pathway can be pharmacologically activated with 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline) to restore respiratory-related activity to a hemidiaphragm paralysed by an ipsilateral upper cervical (C2) spinal cord hemisection. The purpose of this review is to describe mechanisms that underlie theophylline-induced recovery of respiratoryrelated function following C2 hemisection and to underscore the therapeutic potential of theophylline therapy in spinal cord injured patients with respiratory deficits. Methods: Theophylline mediates recovery of respiratory-related activity via antagonism of central adenosine A1 receptors. When administered chronically, the drug restores and maintains recovered function. Since theophylline is an adenosine receptor antagonist with affinity for both the adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, we assessed the relative contributions of each receptor to functional recovery. While A1 receptor antagonism plays a predominant role, activation of the A2 receptors by specific agonists subserves the A1 receptor-mediated actions. That is, when an adenosine A2 receptor agonist is administered first, it primes the system such that subsequent administration of the A1 antagonist induces a greater degree of recovered respiratory activity than when the antagonist alone is administered. Results: Chronic oral administration of theophylline in C2 hemisected animals demonstrates that even when animals have been weaned from the drug, theophylline-induced recovered respiratory actions persist. This suggests that in clinical application, it may not be necessary to maintain patients on long-term theophylline. We have shown that recovery of respiratory-related activity in the ipsilateral phrenic nerve can occur spontaneously 3–4 months after C2 hemisection. Theophylline administration after this post-injury period obliterates/negates the recovery function. This indicates strongly that there is therapeutic window (more acutely after injury) for the initiation of theophylline therapy. We have also demonstrated that peripheral (carotid bodies) adenosine A1 receptors can be selectively activated to modulate theophyllineinduced CNS actions. Blocking central adenosine receptors while simultaneously activating peripheral adenosine receptors minimizes the potential of respiratory muscle fatigue with theophylline. Discussion: The significance of the current findings lies in the potential clinical application of theophylline therapy in spinal cord injured patients with respiratory deficits. The ultimate goal of theophylline therapy is to wean ventilator-dependent patients off ventilatory support. Thus far, our animal studies suggest that the onset of theophylline therapy must be soon after injury.
A Target Oriented Common Image Gather Generation for Continuous Seismic Reservoir Monitoring (2018)

Summary We demonstrate a 3D operator-based method for target-oriented imaging for continuous reservoir monitoring. We extend the CFP technology to generate target oriented prestack angle domain common image gathers (ADCIG) for AVA analysis to detect the time lapse signals. To preserve the amplitude, we introduce an amplitude balancing technology to make the ADCIGs AVA response correct and independent of the acquisition geometry. Compared to the traditional data processing workflow, the target-oriented process is much cheaper and the images show similar anomalies as the conventional 4D processing. Combined with time-lapse seismic acquisition, the targeted-oriented imaging can provide images of reservoir changes which are consistent with the CO2 injection history.
X-ray Thomson scattering for partially ionized plasmas including the effect of bound levels (2013)

X-ray Thomson scattering is being developed as a method to measure the temperature, electron density, and ionization state of high energy density plasmas such as those used in inertial confinement fusion. Most experiments are currently done at large laser facilities that can create bright X-ray sources, however the advent of the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) provides a new bright source to use in these experiments.One challenge with X-ray Thomson scattering experiments is understanding how to model the scattering for partially ionized plasmas in order to include the contributions of the bound electrons in the scattered intensity. In this work we take the existing models of Thomson scattering that include elastic ion-ion scattering and the electron-electron plasmon scattering and add the contribution of the bound electrons in the partially ionized plasmas. We validated our model by analyzing existing beryllium experimental data. We then consider several higher Z materials such as Cr and predict the existence of additional peaks in the scattering spectrum that requires new computational tools to understand. We also show examples of experiments in CH and Al that have bound contributions that change the shape of the scattered spectra.
Introducing Viewpoints in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/B/C (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroducing Viewpoints in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/B/CGeorge C. SchatzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119, 37, 9569Publication Date (Web):September 17, 2015Publication History Published online17 September 2015Published inissue 17 September 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08405https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08405editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views692Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (109 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Physical chemistry Get e-Alerts
Adaptive multiscale extended finite element method (MS-XFEM) for the simulation of multiple fractures propagation in geological formations (2023)

In fractured geological formations, as a result of the in-situ stress changes, fractures can propagate or slide. This phenomenon can be efficiently modeled by the extended finite element method (XFEM) when there are only a few fractures present. However, geological reservoirs contain many fractures which can also cross and are densely populated. Therefore, the classical XFEM is too expensive to be applied for the simulation of propagating fractures in geological formations. To reduce the costs, typically, homogenization or upscaling is used. However, they result in inaccurate solutions, since no separation of scales exists in this process. To resolve this challenge, in this work, a multiscale XFEM (MS-XFEM) for propagating fractures is developed and presented. In each time step, given the current geometries of the fractures, local XFEM-based basis functions are constructed or adaptively updated. The adaptive update takes place in certain regions where fracture geometries are changed due to propagation. Using these basis functions, a very efficient FEM-based coarse-scale system is developed since it has no extra degrees of freedom (DOFs). Once the coarse-scale system is solved, its solution is prolonged to the fine-scale original resolution using the basis functions. This approximate fine-scale solution is then used to estimate the group of growing fractures tips and their growing angles. This allows for exploiting the locality of the propagation process fully while solving a global system. To control the error, an iterative procedure is also developed. Proof-of-concept test cases are presented to study the developed MS-XFEM algorithm. It is shown that MS-XFEM results are capable of predicting the propagating paths for complicated fracture patterns. As such, MS-XFEM casts a promising method for field-scale applications.
Unlike p53, p27 failed to exhibit an anti-tumor genetic interaction with Ku80 (2009)

Ku80 is often referred to as a tumor suppressor since it maintains the genome by repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Even though Ku80 deletion causes hypersensitivity to gamma-radiation, DNA damage and chromosomal rearrangements, Ku80-mutant mice exhibit very low cancer levels. We previously hypothesized these low cancer levels were caused by enhanced cell cycle checkpoints that responded to inefficiently repaired DNA damage because Ku80-mutant fibroblasts exhibit premature cellular senescence that was dependent on a p53-mediated DNA damage response. In addition, Ku80 and p53 show a genetic interaction to suppress pro-B cell lymphoma and medulloblastoma. Here we tested for a similar anti-tumor genetic interaction between Ku80 and the cyclin kinase inhibitor, p27(Kip1) (p27) since p27 mutant mice showed elevated levels of pituitary adenoma that were exacerbated by gamma-radiation-induced DNA damage (damage repaired by Ku80). We found that deleting both Ku80 and p27 did not exacerbate cancer as compared to either single mutant. In addition, fibroblasts deleted for both exhibited premature cellular senescence similar to Ku80-mutant fibroblasts. Thus, p27 did not exhibit an obvious genetic interaction with Ku80 to suppress tumors. This observation suggests that DNA damage (or DNA damage responses) induced by either gamma-radiation or Ku80 deletion are not equivalent since gamma-radiation exacerbates oncogenesis in mice deleted for either p53 or p27 while Ku80 deletion exacerbates oncogenesis for only the former genotype.
Effects of GLP-1 and GIP on Islet Function in Glucose-Intolerant, Pancreatic-Insufficient Cystic Fibrosis (2022)

Impaired insulin and incretin secretion underlie abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis (PI-CF). Whether the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) can enhance pancreatic islet function in cystic fibrosis (CF) is not known. We studied 32 adults with PI-CF and AGT randomized to receive either GLP-1 (n = 16) or GIP (n = 16) during glucose-potentiated arginine (GPA) testing of islet function on two occasions, with either incretin or placebo infused, in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over fashion. Another four adults with PI-CF and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and four matched control participants without CF underwent similar assessment with GIP. In PI-CF with AGT, GLP-1 substantially augmented second-phase insulin secretion but without effect on the acute insulin response to GPA or the proinsulin secretory ratio (PISR), while GIP infusion did not enhance second-phase or GPA-induced insulin secretion but increased the PISR. GIP also did not enhance second-phase insulin in PI-CF with NGT but did so markedly in control participants without CF controls. These data indicate that GLP-1, but not GIP, augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion in PI-CF, supporting the likelihood that GLP-1 agonists could have therapeutic benefit in this population. Understanding loss of GIP's insulinotropic action in PI-CF may lead to novel insights into diabetes pathogenesis.