gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase shifter: a nonlinear circuit for direct measurement of phase margin in feedback control systems (2003)

A nonlinear circuit called phase shifter is introduced. It accurately measures the phase margin of a linear system operating in a feedback control loop. The measurement is made by inserting the phase shifter in the control loop, causing it to undergo self-sustained oscillations (limit cycle) of relatively low amplitude. It is shown that sustained oscillations occur at the gain crossover frequency, and that the phase margin is equal to the phase lag of the inserted circuit. A complete analysis of computing amplitude and frequency of oscillation which employs the classical sinusoidal-input describing function is also given, and the stability of limit cycle and its neighborhood using the theory of integral manifolds is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wavelet-Based Multiscale Analysis of Minimum Toe Clearance Variability in the Young and Elderly during Walking (2007)

As humans age or are influenced by pathology of the neuromuscular system, gait patterns are known to adjust, accommodating for reduced function in the balance control system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a wavelet based multiscale analysis of a gait variable [minimum toe clearance (MTC)] in deriving indexes for understanding age-related declines in gait performance and screening of balance impairments in the elderly. MTC during walking on a treadmill for 30 healthy young, 27 healthy elderly and 10 falls risk elderly subjects with a history of tripping falls were analyzed. The MTC signal from each subject was decomposed to eight detailed signals at different wavelet scales by using the discrete wavelet transform. The variances of detailed signals at scales 8 to 1 were calculated. The multiscale exponent (beta) was then estimated from the slope of the variance progression at successive scales. The variance at scale 5 was significantly (p<0.01) different between young and healthy elderly group. Results also suggest that the Beta between scales 1 to 2 are effective for recognizing falls risk gait patterns. Results have implication for quantifying gait dynamics in normal, ageing and pathological conditions. Early detection of gait pattern changes due to ageing and balance impairments using wavelet-based multiscale analysis might provide the opportunity to initiate preemptive measures to be undertaken to avoid injurious falls.
Predictive model of response to tafamidis in hereditary ATTR polyneuropathy (2019)

BACKGROUNDThe hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses are a group of diseases for which several disease-modifying treatments are now available. Long-term effectiveness of these therapies is not yet fully known. Moreover, the existence of alternative therapies has resulted in an urgent need to identify patient characteristics that predict response to each therapy.METHODSWe carried out a retrospective cohort study of 210 patients with hereditary TTR amyloidosis treated with the kinetic stabilizer tafamidis (20 mg qd). These patients were followed for a period of 18-66 months, after which they were classified by an expert as responders, partial responders, or nonresponders. Correlations between baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as plasma biomarkers and response to therapy, were investigated.RESULTS34% of patients exhibited an almost complete arrest of disease progression (classified by an expert as responders); 36% had a partial to complete arrest in progression of some but not all disease components (partial responders); whereas the remaining 30% continued progressing despite therapy (nonresponders). We determined that disease severity, sex, and native TTR concentration at the outset of treatment were the most relevant predictors of response to tafamidis. Plasma tafamidis concentration after 12 months of therapy was also a predictor of response for male patients. Using these variables, we built a model to predict responsiveness to tafamidis.CONCLUSIONOur study indicates long-term effectiveness for tafamidis, a kinetic stabilizer approved for the treatment of hereditary TTR amyloidosis. Moreover, we created a predictive model that can be potentially used in the clinical setting to inform patients and clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.
Electrochemical synthesis of flat-[Ga13−xInx(μ3-OH)6(μ-OH)18(H2O)24(NO3)15] clusters as aqueous precursors for solution-processed semiconductors (2014)

Electrochemical reduction is used to synthesize indium-gallium-hydroxide-nitrate nanoclusters which are shown to be promising precursors for thin-film transistors.
Thermal scalpel to target cancer (2007)

Nanotechnology is increasingly applied to the field of medicine, particularly for the treatment of cancer. In this regard, gold nanoparticles can mediate hyperthermia induction and kill tumor cells upon laser irradiation, thereby functioning as a 'thermal scalpel'. Recent developments in gold nanoparticle design have resulted in their absorption of energy in the near-infrared wavelength spectrum, which is best suited to tissue penetration and, thus, clinical application. Furthermore, to ensure accumulation of nanoparticles in neoplastic tissue, targeting ligands are being incorporated into the thermal scalpel schema. Examples of targeting ligands include antibodies and targeted gene therapy vectors. Therapeutic efficacy has been established in cell culture models for several developed thermal scalpel systems and a small number have demonstrated a therapeutic effect in animal models of cancer. Future considerations include analysis of the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of thermal scalpels using stringent models of cancer. Furthermore, the immunogenicity and toxicity of thermal scalpels must be established before clinical translation can be achieved.
Roughage Source and Particle Size in Finishing Diets (1996)

When compared to an all concentrate diet, roughage addition (5 to 15% of diet DM) stimulates intake, chewing, rumination and possibly particulate and liquid outflow from the rumen. Roughage addition. therefore. reduces acidosis by diluting concentrate intake and/ or increasing salivation and buffering capacity of the rumen. Alfalfa hay is a commonly fed roughage source. If the use of the fiber fraction within alfalfa roughage is to simply dilute concentrate intake and help prevent acidosis, then any fiber source fed at a similar NDF level should respond similarly to alfalfa hay. Particle size plays a major role in determining ruminal retention time. The smaller the particle size the faster the passage rate from the rumen. If roughage added to a finishing diet consists of small particles, then the dilution effect desired from roughage addition to finishing diets may be negligible. However, if roughage particle size is too large, total intake and energy consumed may decrease due to an increase in ruminal retention. Objectives of our research were to evaluate the effect of alfalfa hay and wheat straw with differing particle sizes on performance of steers fed a high-concentrate finishing diet.
Evaluation of the Vocal Performance of Children Using a Voice Range Profile Index (1998)

Voice range profiles (VRPs) were analyzed according to 11 frequency, intensity, and morphological characteristics for 94 normal children and 136 children with vocal fold pathologies (ages 6-11 years). Normative data are presented showing marked differences between the groups. Using a specific combination of the child's age, the highest vocal fundamental frequency, the lowest intensity, and the slope of the upper VRP contour, a Voice Range Profile Index for Children (VRPIc) may be constructed using discriminant analysis. It is shown how the VRPIc can be used to screen children for vocal disorder or to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of voice treatment. Since the group means of the VRPIc for healthy and dysphonic children are scaled to +10 and -10, respectively, the VRPIc enables the clinician to rate a child's vocal performance with reference to healthy and dysphonic children in general. The sensitivity and specificity of this method was found to be 90% and 83%, respectively.
Serotonergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors: prediction of clinical effects from in vitro potencies. (2001)

This article reviews the pharmacology of antidepressants, particularly focusing on those that act acutely by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine (NE) and/or serotonin (5-HT). Such drugs have a very wide range of potencies, measured in vitro, to inhibit the reuptake of these biogenic amines. As a group, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most potent at inhibiting the reuptake of 5-HT. Some tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as desipramine and nortriptyline, are much more potent at blocking NE reuptake than 5-HT reuptake, as is the new non-TCA drug reboxetine. Among SSRIs, paroxetine is most potent at blocking the reuptake of NE. When considering whether such potencies measured in vitro translate into pharmacologic effects clinically, it is necessary to know how much drug gets to its site of therapeutic action, presumably the brain. Most, but not all, antidepressants are extensively bound to plasma proteins, and this binding limits considerably the penetration of these drugs across the blood-brain barrier. The amount of drug present in the extracellular fluid (ECF) of brain approximates the non-protein-bound drug concentration in plasma. Comparison of the concentration of antidepressants in ECF with their potencies to inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT and/or NE reveals why some drugs block the reuptake of these biogenic amines in either a selective or nonselective manner. This analysis reveals that venlafaxine may be unique among antidepressants in having a dose-dependent nonselectivity; at low doses it acts primarily as an SSRI, but at higher doses it inhibits the reuptake of NE as well.
A hi-density C4/CBGA interconnect technology for a CMOS microprocessor (1996)

The application of a controlled-collapse chip connection (C4), ceramic-ball-grid array (CBGA) single-chip package to the Motorola 88110 RISC CMOS microprocessor is presented. Also presented are the zero-level to second-level interconnection technologies and the various design considerations: from the on-chip redistribution metal to the printed-circuit board definition. In addition to an overview of the interconnect technology, we discuss the: (1) printed-circuit board design, (2) first-level and second-level assembly, (3) electrical modeling and characterization, (4) thermal management, and (5) controlled-collapse chip connection (C4) and ceramic-ball-grid array (CBGA) interconnection reliability and solder-fatigue life estimates. For this study four discipline-specific technology test vehicles were used to evaluate the assembly, electrical, thermal, and reliability aspects of this C4/CBGA interconnect technology. The design and use of each test vehicle is presented. In contrast to a 51 mm, wirebond pin-grid array package (PGA), the C4/CBGA package offers several technological improvements for high-performance RISC microprocessors, which are: (1) a much smaller use of printed-circuit board area, for example, the 361 I/O 25 mm package reduces the original package footprint by approximately 75%, (2) a surface mountable package, (3) the package-to-board assembly is possible with industry-standard surface-mount equipment, (4) the use of C4 and CBGA technology reduce the electrical parasitics, (5) the junction-to-cap thermal resistance was less than 1.5/spl deg/C/W, and (6) the CBGA solder joints are predicted to exceed 3,500 on/off cycles, of 25/spl deg/C to 55/spl deg/C cycling, with a failure rate of 100 parts per million (ppm) per package.
Determination of Aroclor 1260 in soil samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and solid‐phase microextraction (2014)

A novel fast screening method was developed for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls that are constituents of the commercial mixture, Aroclor 1260, in soil matrices by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase microextraction. Nonequilibrium headspace solid-phase microextraction with a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber was used to extract polychlorinated biphenyls from 0.5 g of soil matrix. The use of 2 mL of saturated potassium dichromate in 6 M sulfuric acid solution improved the reproducibility of the extractions and the mass transfer of the polychlorinated biphenyls from the soil matrix to the microextraction fiber via the headspace. The extraction time was 30 min at 100°C. The percent recoveries, which were evaluated using an Aroclor 1260 standard and liquid injection, were within the range of 54.9-65.7%. Two-way extracted ion chromatogram data were used to construct calibration curves. The relative error was <±15% and the relative standard deviation was <15%, which are respective measures of the accuracy and precision. The method was validated with certified soil samples and the predicted concentrations for Aroclor 1260 agreed with the certified values. The method was demonstrated to be linear from 10 to 1000 ng/g for Aroclor 1260 in dry soil.
Regulation of the Gene Expression of Glucose Transporter in Liver and Kidney of Lactating Cows by Bovine Growth Hormone and Bovine Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (1996)

Our objective was to study the effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone and bovine growth hormone-releasing factor on gene expression of glucose transporters in the liver and kidney of lactating cows. Primiparous cows received 29 mg/d of bovine growth hormone or 12 mg/d of bovine growth hormone-releasing factor by continuous intravenous infusion or no treatment (control) from 118 to 181 d postpartum. Growth hormone or growth hormone-releasing factor did not influence the mRNA abundance of the liver-type glucose transporter in the liver or kidney. Similarly, neither growth hormone-releasing factor nor growth hormone altered the mRNA abundance of the erythrocyte-type or the intestinal-type glucose transporter in the kidney, but large individual differences were observed in the mRNA abundance of the intestinal-type glucose transporter in liver.
Nonlinearity in the high-electric-field piezoelectricity of epitaxial BiFeO3 on SrTiO3 (2012)

The piezoelectricity of a multiferroic BiFeO3 thin film deviates from its low-field linear response in electric fields higher than 150 MV/m. Time-resolved synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction reveals a low-field piezoelectric coefficient of 55 pm/V and a steeper increase in strain at higher fields, with an effective piezoelectric coefficient of 86 pm/V. The strain reaches 2% at 281 MV/m, a factor of 1.3 higher than expected based on an extrapolation from low fields. The peak intensity of the BiFeO3 (002) Bragg reflection decreases throughout the high-electric-field regime, accompanied by increased diffuse scattering, consistent with lattice softening lattice near a field-induced phase transition.
Adrenomedullin Gene Is Abundantly Expressed and Directly Regulated by Androgen in the Rat Ventral Prostate (1999)

A gene-expression screen, looking for androgen response genes in the rat ventral prostate, has identified adrenomedullin (AM), a 52-amino acid pluripotent peptide hormone, first isolated from pheochromocytoma. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that the level of expression in the prostate is reduced at least 25-fold by castration, with the majority of the decrease occurring in the first day, and that androgen replacement in seven-day castrated rats stimulates expression to supernormal levels, with the majority of the increase occurring within 14 h. The level of expression in the prostate is at least 50-fold higher than in the adrenal gland and cardiac atria, tissues previously reported to have the highest level of expression in the rat. In prostate organ culture, androgen was able to induce AM expression; and this induction resists protein synthesis inhibition, indicating that AM is a direct androgen response gene in the prostate. In situ hybridization of normal rat prostate tissue showed that AM expression is localized in the epithelial cells. Our analysis demonstrates that AM, a multifunctional peptide hormone, is abundantly expressed and directly regulated by androgen in the prostate epithelial cells. Thus, AM has the potential to play a crucial function in androgen action in the prostate.
Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated-nanobody-based blocking ELISA for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of African swine fever virus antibodies (2021)

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that affects pigs and has the potential to cause mortality in almost 100% of domestic pigs and wild boars. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of ASF must depend on early, efficient, cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. Traditional molecular and serological testing methods are generally associated with high testing costs, complex operations and high technical requirements. As a promising alternative diagnostic tool to traditional antibodies, nanobodies (Nb) have the advantages of simpler and faster generation, good stability and solubility, and high affinity and specificity. The application of Nbs in the detection of ASFV antibodies in the serum has not yet been reported, to the best of our knowledge. Results Using a phage display technology, one specific Nb against the ASFV p54 protein that exhibited high specificity and affinity to the protein, Nb83, was successfully screened. Nb83 was labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to create an Nb83-HRP fusion protein in 293T cells. Following the optimization of the reaction conditions, the Nb83-HRP fusion protein was successfully used to establish a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect ASFV-specific antibodies in pig serum, for the first time. The cutoff value for the blocking ELISA was 39.16%. A total of 210 serum samples were tested using the developed blocking ELISA and a commercial ELISA kit. The specificity of the blocking ELISA was 100%, and the limit of detection was 1:5,120 in inactivated ASFV antibody-positive reference serum samples, with the coincidence rate between the two methods being 98.57%. Conclusions A specific, sensitive and repeatable blocking ELISA was successfully developed based on the unique Nb as a probe, providing a promising method for the detection of anti-ASFV antibodies in clinical pig serum.
Motor Learning (2019)

Motor learning encompasses a wide range of phenomena, ranging from relatively low-level mechanisms for maintaining calibration of our movements, to making high-level cognitive decisions about how to act in a novel situation. We survey the major existing approaches to characterizing motor learning at both the behavioral and neural level. In particular, we critically review two long-standing paradigms used in motor learning research-adaptation and sequence learning. We discuss the extent to which these paradigms can be considered models of motor skill acquisition, defined as the incremental improvement in our ability to rapidly select and then precisely execute appropriate actions, and conclude that they fall short of doing so. We then discuss two classes of emerging research paradigms-learning of arbitrary visuomotor mappings de novo and learning to execute movements with improved acuity-that more effectively address the acquisition of motor skill. Future work will be needed to determine the degree to which laboratory-based studies of skill, as described in this review, will relate to true expertise, which is likely dependent on the effects of practice on multiple cognitive processes that go beyond traditional sensorimotor neural architecture. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:613-663, 2019.
Dynamic Indicated Torque Estimation for Turbocharged Diesel Engines Based on Back Propagation Neural Network (2018)

An indicated torque estimation model is presented for turbocharged diesel engines considering both steady-state and transient operating conditions. The proposed model consists of two submodels: a steady-state indicated torque model and a transient torque coefficient model. By combining the steady-state torque with the transient torque coefficient from the two proposed submodels, dynamic indicated torque is obtained. The transient torque coefficient is calculated by training a designed back-propagation neural network (BPNN) using transient test data obtained from the designed experiments based on a DEUTZ BF6M1015 turbocharged diesel engine bench. Only the engine speed, the cycle fuel quantity and the intake air pressure are needed for dynamic torque estimation. The generalization capacity and dynamic torque estimation accuracy of the torque estimation model are validated. The maximum error of the estimated torque is within 8% while the average error is within 2% in both fuel step change and slow change conditions.
An Evaluation of Barriers to Accrual in the Era of Legislation Requiring Insurance Coverage of Cancer Clinical Trial Costs in California (2004)

Physicians considered clinical trials for 55% (118/216) of patients, but trials were available for only 53% (62/118). Eligibility criteria were met by 82% (51/62). Of these, 69% (35/51) agreed to participate (vs 51% previously). No patient declined to participate because of insurance limitations (vs 8% previously). Furthermore, insurance type was no longer a significant factor in determining whether patients would enroll. This suggests that although the overall rate of accrual is only slightly increased after passage of SB37, patients may be more willing to enroll. Efforts to increase participation must include enhancing physician and patient awareness of SB37.
The interrelation of phosphatidylethanolamine and glycosyl diglycerides in bacterial membranes (1971)

Research Article| September 01 1971 The interrelation of phosphatidylethanolamine and glycosyl diglycerides in bacterial membranes D E Minnikin; D E Minnikin 1Microbiological Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H Abdolrahimzadeh; H Abdolrahimzadeh 1Microbiological Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J Baddiley J Baddiley 1Microbiological Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1971 The Biochemical Society1971 Biochem J (1971) 124 (2): 447–448. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1240447 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D E Minnikin, H Abdolrahimzadeh, J Baddiley; The interrelation of phosphatidylethanolamine and glycosyl diglycerides in bacterial membranes. Biochem J 1 September 1971; 124 (2): 447–448. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1240447 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.