gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Root canal irrigants (2010)

Successful root canal therapy relies on the combination of proper instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation of the root canal. Of these three essential steps of root canal therapy, irrigation of the root canal is the most important determinant in the healing of the periapical tissues. The primary endodontic treatment goal must thus be to optimize root canal disinfection and to prevent reinfection. In this review of the literature, various irrigants and the interactions between irrigants are discussed. We performed a Medline search for English-language papers published untill July 2010. The keywords used were 'root canal irrigants' and 'endodontic irrigants.' The reference lists of each article were manually checked for additional articles of relevance.
Computed Tomography-Based Modeling of Water Vapor-Induced Changes in Permittivity During Microwave Ablation (2019)

CT-based model predictions of dielectric properties are feasible in ex vivo liver. The models may facilitate real-time imaging-based permittivity mapping.
Noise and spatial resolution properties of a commercially available deep learning‐based CT reconstruction algorithm (2020)

The deep learning-based CT reconstruction demonstrated a strong noise magnitude reduction compared to FBP while maintaining similar noise texture and high-contrast spatial resolution. However, the algorithm resulted in images with a locally nonstationary noise in lung textured backgrounds and had somewhat degraded low-contrast spatial resolution similar to what has been observed in currently available iterative reconstruction techniques.
Bio‐Inspired Conformable and Helical Soft Fabric Gripper with Variable Stiffness and Touch Sensing (2020)

Abstract There are many instances in nature where continuum, helical manipulators are used to efficiently grasp different objects with various shapes and sizes. Inspired by nature, this paper introduces a continuum, flat, scalable, helical soft‐fabric robotic gripper that is thin and lightweight with stiffness tunability and sensory feedback. The gripper is fabricated by a facile method of simple insertion using a computerized technique from apparel engineering and controlled by a miniature hydraulic source to grasp different objects at different scales and weights. It uses a thermally activated variable stiffness structure (VSS) for high load capacity that can complete a softening‐stiffening cycle within 24 s, which is among the fastest results reported so far. In addition, a highly stretchable liquid metal‐based soft sensor with an enhanced sensing sensitivity (15 times more sensitive compared to conventional designs) is embedded into the gripper to provide real‐time touch sensing. The gripper successfully grasped various objects of different geometries and weights (up to 220 times of its mass) and retrieved them from confined hollow spaces. Its excellent performance and versatility make it an ideal candidate for various domains, including industry, exploration, rescue, and other applications in confined and hazardous environments such as gas/oil or drainage sectors.
Spontaneous Oxidation of Mg Atoms at Defect Sites in an MgO Surface (2011)

Scanning tunnelling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to study the adsorption of Mg on 12 ML thick MgO films grown either on Ag(001) or Mo(001) supports. The initially arriving Mg atoms spontaneously oxidize on the MgO surface, whereas metallic aggregates only form at higher exposure. The total amount of cationic Mg is considerably larger on the Mo- compared to the Ag-supported oxide films. The charge transfer is suggested to be induced by Mg attachment to MgO line defects with high electron-trapping potential. The density of those defect lines and hence the oxidation power of the film is governed by the lattice mismatch with the underlying metal support.
Scheduling, Signaling and Adaptive Usage of CoMP (2011)

In this chapter, we address how CoMP can be applied selectively and adaptively to well-chosen sets of terminals in a mobile communications system. While Section 11.1 focuses on scheduling approaches, where a central scheduling unit performs multi-cell resource allocation in the context of non-cooperative or joint transmission in a cellular downlink, Section 11.2 looks into radio link control and signalling aspects connected to establishing CoMP on-demand. Finally, Section 11.3 ventures into the field of ad-hoc CoMP, where cooperation is established flexibly after uplink transmission has already taken place.
Seismic modeling of critical angle reflections and refractions (1985)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985Seismic modeling of critical angle reflections and refractionsAuthors: C. W. FrasierC. W. FrasierChevron Oil Field Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892766 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1985 Pages: 643 publication data© 1985 Copyright © 1985 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION C. W. Frasier, (1985), "Seismic modeling of critical angle reflections and refractions," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 642-642. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892766 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Canopy Gas Exchange Measurements of Cotton in an Open System (2009)

A portable, open transparent chamber system for measuring canopy gas exchanges was developed and tested. Differentials between incoming and outgoing atmospheric H 2 O and CO 2 concentrations were used to calculate canopy transpiration (E) and net assimilation (A) at 10‐s intervals using solenoid valve actuated sample lines connected to an infrared gas analyzer. A programmable data logger controlled fan speed and air flow rate to control daytime chamber air temperature to within 0.5°C of ambient air temperature. To validate the mass balance equations used to calculate E, the chamber was positioned over sealed soil potted cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants which were placed on a weighing scale. A second scale was used to measure E of cotton plants outside the chamber to quantify potential chamber effects. A wide range of crop canopy leaf areas and soil water contents were created with greenhouse‐grown plants for these comparisons. Data analysis indicated agreement between chamber E measurements and the internal weighing scale ( R 2 = 0.93), as well as comparison between the internal and external scales ( R 2 = 0.88) across wide ranges of soil water contents and canopy leaf area. Transpiration ranged from near zero at night to 900 g (H 2 O) h −1 during the day. Bias estimates of E for chamber vs. internal scale and the internal vs. external scale were −6.0 and 4.6 g (H 2 O) h −1 . With minor chamber effect, the chamber accurately estimates E for many field applications such as comparison of canopy gas exchanges and water use efficiencies among irrigation treatments.
A robust parameterization approach for impedance control (2015)

We present an actuator system and an advanced impedance control strategy, designed for the interaction with human limbs. Relying on the inherent stiffness, the connection between actuator and joint is considered to improve safety and guarantee performance. The control approach consists of a cascaded structure. In an outer loop, impedance control provides limb motion support with variable stiffness. The inner linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) pressure control allows for separate control over chamber pressures and mean pressure. A new method has been applied to prove stability for the three-dimensional range of impedance parameters with Kharitonov's stability criterion for robust positive polynomials. Furthermore robust stability for the perturbed control system has been shown with structured singular value µ. The impedance of the setup is studied in simulation as well as on a test bench. Effects of different mean pressures lead to results for energy efficiency and compressed air energy storage.
Crystal and molecular structures of tetrakis(catecholato)hafnate(IV) and -cerate(IV). Further evidence for a ligand field effect in the structure of tetrakis(catecholato)uranate(IV) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structures of tetrakis(catecholato)hafnate(IV) and -cerate(IV). Further evidence for a ligand field effect in the structure of tetrakis(catecholato)uranate(IV)Stephen R. Sofen, Stephen R. Cooper, and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 6, 1611–1616Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50196a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50196a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views615Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An Analysis of Voltage-Driven Spintronic Device Concatenation Through Spin Pumping (2018)

A prominent issue with spintronic architectures is the requirement to use charge current in order to realize magnetic state transduction, and thus, device concatenation, which is far less efficient than voltage-based devices, such as CMOS. With the advent and implementation of new spintronic technologies such as topological insulators and magnetoelectric materials, great improvements in energy efficiency have been achieved and are expected to improve. One may surmise that such technologies could provide an avenue to voltage-driven spintronic device concatenation. In this work, we explore the possibility of utilizing the magnetoelectric effect to induce ferromagnetic resonance, injecting pure spin current into an adjacent topological insulator through Spin Pumping, which then induces a potential difference depending upon the state of the ferromagnet that can then be used to switch cascaded devices. Thus, implementing voltage-based spintronic concatenation. By using a purely energy-based perspective of a sandbox device model to explore the constraints and boundaries of such behaviors, the potential and challenges of such a scheme are identified and discussed.
Repairing large cracks and reversing fatigue damage in structural metals (2018)

Self-healing materials represent a paradigm shift from traditional materials development, enabling intrinsic repair of functionality (such as strength) after a catastrophic failure as opposed to part replacement. Several healing mechanisms have been demonstrated in polymeric and ceramic materials, but few in metallic systems. This study demonstrates a novel liquid-assisted self-healing metal-matrix composite (MMC) designed to be capable of over 90% strength recovery after a healing cycle. The aluminum (Al)-based matrix is reinforced with continuous nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape-memory alloy (SMA) reinforcements. Using a tailored heat treatment for healing, a paired effect of crack closure from the SMA reinforcement and partial liquefaction of the matrix occurs. These effects result in a compressive force across the crack surface, and, coupled with increased diffusion rates from the liquefied matrix, produces consolidation and healing in the composite structure. This work provides experimental and computational evidence for the healing mechanism under both tensile and fatigue conditions.
Effective mapping of biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus: the MetaMap program. (2001)

The UMLS Metathesaurus, the largest thesaurus in the biomedical domain, provides a representation of biomedical knowledge consisting of concepts classified by semantic type and both hierarchical and non-hierarchical relationships among the concepts. This knowledge has proved useful for many applications including decision support systems, management of patient records, information retrieval (IR) and data mining. Gaining effective access to the knowledge is critical to the success of these applications. This paper describes MetaMap, a program developed at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to map biomedical text to the Metathesaurus or, equivalently, to discover Metathesaurus concepts referred to in text. MetaMap uses a knowledge intensive approach based on symbolic, natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistic techniques. Besides being applied for both IR and data mining applications, MetaMap is one of the foundations of NLM's Indexing Initiative System which is being applied to both semi-automatic and fully automatic indexing of the biomedical literature at the library.
Traffic modeling and simulation: a devs library (2019)

The Cell-DEVS methodology is formal modeling technique that permits defining each cell in a cell space as individual independent entity. We used Cell-DEVS to build a library that allows defining different models of traffic. We show how to model cell spaces with emerging behavior using this methodology. We present basic models and visualization tools based on 3D models in Maya.
Halogen Chemistry on Catalytic Surfaces (2016)

Halogens are key building blocks for the manufacture of high-value products such as chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. The catalytic oxidation of HCl and HBr is an attractive route to recover chlorine and bromine in order to ensure the sustainability of the production processes. Very few materials withstand the high corrosiveness and the strong exothermicity of the reactions and among them RuO2 and CeO2-based catalysts have been successfully applied in HCl oxidation. The search for efficient systems for HBr oxidation was initiated by extrapolating the results of HCl oxidation based on the chemical similarity of these reactions. Interestingly, despite its inactivity in HCl oxidation, TiO2 was found to be an outstanding HBr oxidation catalyst, which highlighted that the latter reaction is more complex than previously assumed. Herein, we discuss the results of recent comparative studies of HCl and HBr oxidation on both rutile-type (RuO2, IrO2, and TiO2) and ceria-based catalysts using a combination of advanced experimental and theoretical methods to provide deeper molecular-level understanding of the reactions. This knowledge aids the design of the next-generation catalysts for halogen recycling.
Influence of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Human Neurochemistry and Functional Connectivity: A Pilot MRI/MRS Study at 7 T (2019)

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method commonly used in the disciplines of neuroscience, neurology, and neuropsychiatry to examine or modulate brain function. Low frequency rTMS (e.g., 1 Hz) is associated with a net suppression of cortical excitability, whereas higher frequencies (e.g., 5 Hz) purportedly increase excitability. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) allow investigation of neurochemistry and functional connectivity, respectively, and can assess the influence of rTMS in these domains. This pilot study investigated the effects of rTMS on the primary motor cortex using pre and post MRS and rsfMRI assessments at 7 T. Seven right-handed males (age 27 ± 7 y.o.) underwent single-voxel MRS and rsfMRI before and about 30-min after rTMS was administered outside the scanner for 20-min over the primary motor cortex of the left (dominant) hemisphere. All participants received 1-Hz rTMS; one participant additionally received 5-Hz rTMS in a separate session. Concentrations of 17 neurochemicals were quantified in left and right motor cortices. Connectivity metrics included fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of both motor cortices, strength of related brain networks, and inter-hemispheric connectivity. The group-analysis revealed few trends (i.e., uncorrected for multiple comparisons), including a mean increase in the concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) after the inhibitory rTMS protocol as compared to baseline in the stimulated (left) motor cortex (+8%, <i>p</i> = 0.043), along with a slight increase of total creatine (+2%, <i>p</i> = 0.018), and decrease of aspartate (-18%, <i>p</i> = 0.016). Additionally, GABA tended to decrease in the contralateral hemisphere (-6%, <i>p</i> = 0.033). No other changes of metabolite concentrations were found. Whereas functional connectivity outcomes did not exhibit trends of significant changes induced by rTMS, the percent changes of few connectivity metrics in both hemispheres were negatively correlated with GABA changes in the contralateral hemisphere. While studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm these preliminary findings, our results indicate the safety and feasibility of detecting changes in key metabolites associated with neurotransmission after a single 1-Hz rTMS session, establishing the construct for future exploration of the neurochemical, and connectivity mechanisms of cortical responses to neuromodulation.
Flavonoids Activation of Nrf2 and Osteoporosis (2023)

Obesity is one of the most apparent yet neglected public-health issues affecting many people in both resource-rich and -developing countries. Obesity is characterized by increased amounts of free fatty acids, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen in the bloodstream. Apart from driving a heightened pro-inflammatory response, the expansion of adipose tissue during obesity can cause an increase in free radical species, eventually leading to increased oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) controls the expression of genes involved in preventing oxidative damage. The activation of Nrf2 has been found to boost the body's defenses against oxidative stress, eventually aiding in redox balance. Since obesity is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, the Nrf2 pathway is relevant in obesity prevention and/or treatment. In both health and diseased situations, there is evidence that flavonoids in dietary and herbal plants offer potential benefits in preventing and treating obesity and other metabolic disorders and can also activate the Nrf2 pathway directly.
Pho$: A Case for Shared Optical Cache Hierarchies (2021)

Conventional electronic memory hierarchies are intrinsically limited in their ability to overcome the memory wall due to scaling constraints. Optical caches and interconnects can mitigate these constraints, and enable processors to reach performance and energy efficiency unattainable by purely electronic means. However, the promised benefits cannot be realized through a simple replacement process; to reach its full potential, the architecture needs to be holistically redesigned. This paper proposes $\text { Pho\$ }$, an opto-electronic memory hierarchy architecture for multicores. $\text { Pho\$ }$ replaces conventional coreprivate electronic caches with a large shared optical L1 built with optical SRAMs. A novel optical NoC provides low-latency and high-bandwidth communication between the electronic cores and the shared optical L1 at low optical loss. Our results show that $\text { Pho\$ }$ achieves on average $1.41\times$ performance speedup $(3.89 \times \max)$ and 31% lower energy-delay product (90% max) against conventional designs. Moreover, the optical NoC for core-cache communication consumes 70% less power compared to directly applying previously-proposed optical NoC architectures.
Characterization of Serine 916 as an in Vivo Autophosphorylation Site for Protein Kinase D/Protein Kinase Cμ (1999)

Activation of the serine kinase protein kinase D (PKD)/PKCmicro is controlled by the phosphorylation of two serine residues within its activation loop via a PKC-dependent signaling cascade. In this study we have identified the C-terminal serine 916 residue as an in vivo phosphorylation site within active PKD/PKCmu. An antibody that recognized PKD/PKCmu proteins specifically phosphorylated on the serine 916 residue was generated and used to show that phosphorylation of Ser-916 is induced by phorbol ester treatment of cells. Thus, the pS916 antibody is a useful tool to study the regulation of PKD/PKCmu activity in vivo. Antigen receptor ligation of T and B lymphocytes also induced phosphorylation of the serine 916 residue of PKD/PKCmu. Furthermore the regulatory FcgammaRIIB receptor, which mediates vital negative feedback signals to the B cell antigen receptor complex, inhibited the antigen receptor-induced activation and serine 916 phosphorylation of PKD/PKCmu. The degree of serine 916 phosphorylation during lymphocyte activation and inhibition exactly correlated with the activation status of PKD/PKCmu. Moreover, using different mutants of PKD/PKCmu, we show that serine 916 is not trans-phosphorylated by an upstream kinase but is rather an autophosphorylation event that occurs following activation of PKD/PKCmu.
How large should a phase II trial of a new drug be? (1987)

A number of statistical designs for phase II trials have been published. These designs are critically reviewed. A new design is also introduced. Data are presented on the response rates observed for new chemotherapeutic agents introduced by the National Cancer Institute since 1975. Based upon this material, it is recommended that two-stage designs with a target sample size of 35-50 patients and substantial probability of early termination are usually appropriate. It is also recommended that for active drugs, two to three such trials are necessary to estimate the response rate with reasonable precision. Precise estimation of phase II response rates is not always important, however. For very rare diseases or situations where several dose levels of a biologic are to be evaluated, selection designs may be most appropriate. Such designs are described. Tables are presented to facilitate the design of new agent phase II clinical trials.