gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Properties of (+)- and (−)-Pyrido-[3,4-b]homotropanes (2006)

(+/-)-Pyrido[3,4-b]homotropane [(+/-)-1] is a conformationally rigid analogue of nicotine (2) or nornicotine (3) that showed high affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Even though the synthesis and potent activity of this highly interesting compound was originally reported in 1986 (Kanne, D. B.; Ashworth, D. J.; Cheng, M. T.; Mutter, L. C.; Abood, L. G. Synthesis of the first highly potent bridged nicotinoid. 9-Azabicylo[4.2.l]nona[2,3-c]pyridine (pyrido[3,4-b]homotropane). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7864-7865), the individual optical isomers have not been prepared and studied. In this study, we report the synthesis of (+)- and (-)-1 and show that (+)-1 has Ki = 1.29 nM at the alpha4beta2* nAChR and has over 260 times higher affinity than (-)-1. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of an intermediate used to prepare the isomers established the absolute stereochemistry as (1S,6S)-(+)-1 and (1R,6R)-(-)-1. Surprisingly, both isomers failed to produce antinociception in the mouse tail-flick and hot-plate assays, engender nicotine-like responding in rat drug discrimination, or alter current amplitude in alpha4beta2- and alpha3beta4-containing cells. However, (-)-1 antagonized nicotine-induced antinociception with an ED50 of 0.07 microg/kg in the tail-flick assay. The reason for this unusual pharmacology is unknown, but it is possible that (-)-1 is acting at a non-epibatidine-sensitive receptor subtype to antagonize nicotine's effects in the tail-flick assay.
Hydrogen passivation of interstitial Zn defects in hetero‐epitaxial InP cell structures and influence on device characteristics (1997)

Hydrogen passivation of heteroepitaxial InP solar cells is of recent interest for deactivation of dislocations and other defects caused by the cell/substrate lattice mismatch that currently limit the photovoltaic performance of these devices. In this paper we present strong evidence that, in addition to direct hydrogen-dislocation interactions, hydrogen forms complexes with the high concentration of interstitial Zn defects present within the p(+) Zn-doped emitter of MOCVD-grown heteroepitaxial InP devices, resulting in a dramatic increase of the forward bias turn-on voltage by as much as 280 mV, from ~680 mV to ~960 mV. This shift is reproducible and thermally reversible and no such effect is observed for either n(+)p structures or homoepitaxial p(+)n structures grown under identical conditions. A combination of photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical C-V dopant profiling, SIMS and I-V measurements were performed on a set of samples having undergone a matrix of hydrogenation and post-hydrogenation annealing conditions to investigate the source of this voltage enhancement and confirm the expected role of interstitial Zn and hydrogen. A precise correlation between all measurements is demonstrated which indicates that Zn interstitials within the p(+) emitter and their interaction with hydrogen are indeed responsible for this device behavior.
SOPHIA in Enterprise Track. (2006)

task). Given a topic our task was to find an ordered list of up to 100 experts (from a predefined list of candidate experts) and for every expert create an ordered list of up to 20 support documents. Support document should prove that given person is indeed an expert in the domain presented by the topic. We implemented 3 algorithms to solve this task which resulted in 3 runs sophiarun1, sophiarun2 and sophiarun3. All runs are based on Contextual Document Clustering (CDC) algorithm [1,2] applied to a part of W3C document corpus. Document clustering W3C collection contains documents of different types. In our experiments we used only two document types: www and lists. Examples of www documents are drafts and final versions of official W3C documents, slides from presentations given by W3C members and so on. Documents of lists type are e-mails. We split www documents into parts, based on 1000 word long segments and considered every part as a separate document. We didn’t split mails (lists type documents).
Improved energy recovery from geothermal reservoirs (1981)

The behavior of a liquid-dominated geothermal reservoir in response to production from different horizons is studied using numerical simulation methods. The Olkaria geothermal field in Kenya is used as an example where a two-phase vapor-dominated zone overlies the main liquid-dominated reservoir. The possibility of improving energy recovery from vapor-dominated reservoirs by tapping deeper horizons is considered.
The impact of first‐aid dressing design on healing of porcine partial thickness wounds (2019)

Literature describes that a well-maintained moist wound healing environment leads to faster healing by preventing scabbing and drying of the wound. A moist wound speeds healing by allowing for unimpeded movement of newly dividing epidermal cells in the wound. Contrary to what is described in literature and practiced by clinicians, first-aid dressings used at home by consumers advertise breathability and absorptivity as benefits. This manuscript examines the effects of dressing breathability and highly absorptive pads on healing and wound appearance in a porcine dermatome wound model, designed to mimic an abrasion injury. Partial thickness wounds were covered with an experimental silicone-polymer film dressing and various over-the-counter bandages for time frames ranging from 4 to 11 days. The progression of healing was quantified by histology and wound-size reduction measurements. The thickness and persistence of a scab or serocellular crust (SCC) over the injury was measured using both pixel density and optical coherence tomography to supplement visual observations, demonstrating new tools for quantification of SCC over wounds. The results of the experiments illustrate the impact of dressing features on the rate of wound reepithelialization and the formation of SCC. Both a low moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and the absence of an absorptive layer were important in speeding wound healing. Surprisingly, use of a dressing with a low MVTR and a highly absorptive pad healed significantly more slowly than a comparative dressing with a low MVTR and no absorptive pad, even though both dressings had very little scab formation over the wound. This study shows that breathability and absorbency of dressings play independent roles in providing an optimal healing environment, and that these properties can vary widely among commercially available dressings.
Long-Term Toxicity of Oral 8-Methoxypsoralen Plus Ultraviolet Radiation in Mice (1990)

The combined effects of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in a photosensitizing protocol (psoralen-UVA, PUVA) were studied in hairless albino mice. The psoralen was administered orally by a pulse-feeding technique in which fasted mice were provided access to psoralen-containing feed. The mice were then exposed to radiation sources consisting of flurorescent “blacklight” lamps (F74T12 PUVA, Sylvania) either with or without an intervening filter designed to eliminate shortwave (UVB, λ < 320 nm) radiation. Exposure intervals were selected so that the total amount of ultraviolet A (UVA, λ 320–400 nm) delivered by the two configurations was equal (2 J/cm2). A series of dietary levels of 8-MOP provided mice with 0, 100, 250, and 625 mg/kg of diet. Neither radiation source, nor any tested 8-MOP level, produced grossly evident cutaneous damage, produced carcinogenesis, or reduced survival. In combination with either source, there was a consistent dosage-dependent enhancement of carcinogenesis by 8-MOP. This response was statistically significant at the middle and high dosage levels in female mice. In male mice the same trend was observed, but enhancement was significant only at the highest 8-MOP level in combination with filtered radiation, and at the two 8-MOP levels in combination with unfiltered radiation. In both sexes, survival time was significantly decreased by combinations of the highest 8-MOP level and either radiation source. Early deaths accompanied relatively severe chronic phototoxicity. Accelerated mortality and chronic phototoxicity were first observed after several months, were progressive, and were more severe in female mice and in mice exposed to the unfiltered (UVB-containing) source. Although explicit causes of death were not established, mortality appeared to result from the cutaneous damage rather than from processes analogous to UVB-induced life shortening. The combination of orally administered 8-methoxypsoralen (not carcinogenic to skin) and UVA radiation (noncarcinogenic at the levels tested) is carcinogenic in male and female hairless mice. Exclusion of UVB from the radiation source slightly reduces but does not eliminate the carcinogenic efficacy of the combination.
Pilot symbol driven monitoring of electrical degradation in RF transmitter systems using model anomaly diagnosis (2012)

Modern RF circuits suffer from increased electrical degradation induced by electrical stress and thermal effects due to the high speeds of operation and the effects of technology scaling. Detection of such degradation is important, particularly in wireless basestations which must operate round-the-clock with high dependability. In this paper, a new approach for detecting degradation in RF transmitter systems using pilot symbols is proposed and is superior to prior algorithms because degradation can be monitored on a frame-to-frame basis independent of the data being transmitted. The response of the RF transmitter to known pilot symbols is captured at the output of the RF power amplifier using an envelope detector and is fitted to a third order transmitter model using a model-parameter solving algorithm. It is shown that the computed model parameters deviate away from their nominal values, exhibiting model anomalies once nonidealities due to electrical degradation start affecting transmitter behavior. The amount of the degradation is proportional to the magnitude of this deviation as measured by a distance metric and is easily computed using simple algorithms running on the baseband processor. Preliminary results indicate the feasibility and low cost of the proposed approach.
Correlation between blood, physiological and behavioral parameters in beef calves under heat stress (2017)

Based on these results, it can be concluded that HR, RT, blood parameters (Cortisol, HSP70, Hp) and standing position are closely associated with heat stress. These parameters can be consolidated to develop THI chart for Korean native beef calves.
Therapy of shock based on pathophysiology, monitoring, and outcome prediction (1990)

High-risk patients who survived general (noncardiac) surgery were observed to have cardiac index (CI) values averaging 4.5 L/min.m2, oxygen delivery (DO2) greater than 600 ml/min.m2, and oxygen consumption (VO2) 170 ml/min.m2 during the first 2 or three days postoperatively. Patients who subsequently died maintained relatively normal CI, DO2, and VO2 values in this period. Values of other variables in survivors and nonsurvivors were not appreciably different. An index based on these observations correctly predicted outcome in 94% in a subsequent prospective study. Two hypotheses: a) that increased flow and oxygen transport represent compensatory physiologic responses to an earlier tissue oxygen debt, and b) that these survivors' values were appropriate therapeutic goals, were tested in prospective randomized clinical trials. The protocol group attained those therapeutic goals. This resulted in significantly reduced mortality and morbidity. Optimal goals were more easily attained with colloids, red cells, and an inotropic agent, dobutamine. Dobutamine was used because, in a prospective crossover clinical trial with dopamine at various doses, dobutamine produced greater increases in flow and flow-related variables. More importantly, it improved tissue perfusion as reflected by greater increases in VO2 and greater reductions in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance.
Localization and separation of acoustic sources by using a 2.5-dimensional circular microphone array (2016)

Circular microphone arrays (CMA) are preferred over more complex spherical microphone arrays (CMA) in the context of some audio applications because azimuth angles of spatial sound are considered more important than the elevation angles in those scenarios. However, CMA treats only two-dimensional sound fields without considering elevation angles, which can be a limitation in spatial audio rendering. This paper proposes a 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) CMA that consists of a baffled CMA and a vertical linear array on the top. In the localization stage, two minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) beamformers are applied to the circular array and the linear array, respectively. The product of the identified angular patterns yields the direction of arrival (DOA). In the separation stage, Tikhonov Regularization (TIKR) and Compressive Sensing (CS) are employed to extract the source signal amplitudes from the output signals from two arrays. The extracted signals are further processed by using an adaptive correlator to produce the source signal with improved quality. To validate the 2.5D CMA experimentally, a three-dimensionally printed circular array comprised of a 24-micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone circular array and an 8-MEMS microphone linear array is constructed for localization and separation for sound sources.
Palladium Nanocatalysts Immobilized on Functionalized Resin for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen (2012)

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (DSHP) from H2 and O2 is conceptually the most ideal and straightforward reaction for producing H2O2 in industry. However, precisely tailored catalysts are still in progress for large scale production. Here, we report highly efficient and industrially relevant catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2 prepared by the immobilization of Pd nanocatalysts onto a functionalized resin. The continuous production of 8.9 wt % H2O2 and high productivity (180 g of H2O2 (g of Pd)−1 h–1) is achieved under intrinsically safe and less-corrosive conditions without any loss of activity. We expect this approach is a substantial improvement of nanocatalysts for direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen and will greatly accelerate the industrially relevant process of on site production of hydrogen peroxide soon.
Both interleukin‐8 receptors independently mediate chemotaxis (1994)

Neutrophil leukocytes, the target cells for interleukin-8 and related CXC chemokines, bear high numbers of two types of IL-8 receptors (IL-8R1 and IL-8R2). By cDNA transfection Jurkat cell lines were generated that stably express either IL-8R1 or IL-8R2 (J-IL8R1 and J-IL8R2). J-IL8R1 expressed 4,000 +/- 1,000 copies of IL-8R1, and bound IL-8 with high affinity (Kd 1-4 nM) and GRO alpha and NAP-2 with low affinity (Kd 200-500 nM). J-IL8R2 expressed 17,000 +/- 3,000 copies of IL-8R2, and bound all three chemokines with high affinity. Both transfectants showed a similar degree of chemotactic migration after stimulation with IL-8, GRO alpha and NAP-2. All three chemokines were equally potent as attractants of J-IL8R2, whereas IL-8 was 300 to 1,000-fold more potent than GRO alpha or NAP-2 as attractant of J-IL8R1. The potencies, therefore, agree with the affinities of the ligands to IL-8R1 and IL-8R2. Our results demonstrate that both IL-8 receptors function independently, and mediate chemotaxis in response to IL-8 and other CXC chemokines.
Cotton Fiber Tenacity: Some Structural Relationships (1971)

A theoretical approach, relating cotton fiber tenacity to macromolecular geometrical parameters, follows. Assumptions as to the changes in fibril orientation within the secondary wall of the fiber and as to radial stress distributions resulting from axial strains are based on convolutions induced. Effects of tenacity are calculated on the basis of these assumptions and compared with experimental values.
CORRECTIONS: Generation of Functional Hepatocytes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions that Recapitulate Liver Development (2010)

In the May 2010 issue of HEPATOLOGY, regarding the article titled “Generation of Functional Hepatocytes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions that Recapitulate Liver Development” (HEPATOLOGY 2010;51:1754-1765), the author's affiliations were ordered incorrectly. The correct affiliations are: Thomas Touboul,1,2 Nicholas R. F. Hannan,3* Sébastien Corbineau,1,2* Amélie Martinez,1,2 Clémence Martinet,1,2 Sophie Branchereau,1,4 Sylvie Mainot,1,2 Hélène Strick-Marchand,5 Roger Pedersen,3 James P. Di Santo,5 Anne Weber,1,2* and Ludovic Vallier3* From the 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unite 972, IFR 93, Bicêtre Hospital, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; 2Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France; 3Department of Surgery, The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Cambridge, UK; 4Department of Surgery, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; 5INSERM Unite 668, Cytokines and Lymphoid Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. The following funding was omitted: EC MUGEN Network of Excellence grant LSHG-CT-2005-005203 (to J.P.D.) The following sentence was omitted: L.V. and A.W. share last authorship.
Second-order error correction of a calibrated two-port vector network analyzer (2009)

A technique for second-order correction of the system error parameters of a calibrated two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) is described. The method is based on the determination of the complex-valued residual directivity, source match, and reflection tracking by one single reflection measurement at both ports employing a high precision airline terminated by a short. From one additional measurement of the through connection applying partly corrected system error parameters, the second-order corrected transmission tracking and the load match in both directions are calculated. Thus, a complete set of second-order corrected error model parameters is determined resulting in an accuracy enhancement. Furthermore, the differences between first- and second-order error parameters give a measure for the quality of the VNA calibration performed beforehand. Measurement results for a 10-dB attenuator are given and compared with data resulting from reference attenuation measurements.
Practice type & race influence enrollment onto clinical oncology trials: A Patterns of Care Study analysis (2004)

6106 Background: The purpose of this study was to identify key factors influencing accrual to clinical oncology trials.Methods: Patterns of Care Study (PCS) surveys from sites studied between 1992–94 and 1996–99 (prostate cancer [1149 patients], breast cancer [1080 patients], esophageal cancer [818 patients]) were analyzed. PCS is an NCI-funded national survey of randomly selected radiation (RT) institutions in the U.S. Patients with non-metastatic disease, who received RT as definitive or adjuvant therapy, were randomly selected. To determine national estimates, the sample size was weighted by the relative contribution of each institution and patients within each institution. Accordingly, 3,047 patient records were reviewed by trained research associates; the weighted sample size was 132,890. The following factors (age, gender, race, type of insurance and practice type of treating institution [academic or not]) were studied by univariate and multivariate (MVA) analyses.Results: Only 2.7% of all patients were accrued to clinical oncology protocols, consistent with national estimates. On MVA, practice type (p=0.009) and race (p=0.012) were significant predictors of accrual. On univariate analysis, 9.4% of patients treated with RT at an academic practice were accrued vs. 1.7% at non-academic sites (p=0.011). Yet, the vast majority (87%) of all patients were seen at non-academic sites. White patients enrolled onto studies more than African Americans (2.8% vs. 0.8%, p=0.024). Younger age demonstrated a trend towards increased enrollment (3.5% for <70 yrs vs. 1.5% for ≥70 yrs, p=0.058). However, gender and type of insurance were not predictive. A trend towards increased accrual over time was observed (1.5% from '92-'94 vs. 4.2% from '96-'99, p=0.058).Conclusions: Practice type and race significantly influence accrual onto clinical oncology trials. To enhance enrollment, increased communication & education regarding protocols is essential, particularly focused on physicians in non-academic settings and minority patients. Supported by NCI grant CA 65435. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Genetic Differences Between <I>Culex pipiens</I> f. molestus and <I>Culex pipiens pipiens</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) in New York (2007)

The definition and phylogenetic placement of the autogenous molestus form of Culex pipiens has puzzled entomologists for decades. We identified genetic differences between Cx. p. pipiens (L.) and Cx. pipiens f. molestus Forskål in the SH60 fragment described previously. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, cloning, and sequencing of this fragment demonstrated high polymorphism within and among individual Cx. p. pipiens, with common SH60 variants shared among individuals from distant locations. In contrast, Cx. pipiens f. molestus from New York City each contained a single SH60 variant, which was not identified in any other Cx. p. pipiens specimens analyzed. Supporting microsatellite analysis demonstrated significant but reduced gene flow between Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. pipiens f. molestus in New York relative to Cx. p. pipiens populations in New York and California. Results are discussed in the context of two contrasting hypotheses regarding the origin of Cx. pipiens f. molestus populations.
Electrochemically Programmed Release of Biomolecules and Nanoparticles (2006)

The controlled release of molecules or nanoparticle conjugates is an important tool for a wide range of applications in science and engineering. Here we demonstrate electrochemically programmed release of biomolecules and nanoparticles immobilized on patterned gold electrodes using the thiol-gold linkage. This technique exploits the reductive desorption of self-assembled monolayers and allows both spatially controlled release and regeneration of small molecules (e.g., drugs), biopolymers (e.g., peptides, proteins, DNA), protein assemblies (e.g., viruses), and nanoparticles (e.g., particle-DNA conjugates). Fluorescence microscopy is used to image the release of avidin and nanoparticles in phosphate-buffered saline and to determine the kinetics of desorption. We also demonstrate that the electrodes can be regenerated using the same conjugation scheme.
Pathophysiology of the Behçet's Disease (2011)

Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic relapsing oral-genital ulcers and uveitis. Multiple systemic associations including articular, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, neurologic, and vascular involvement are also observed in BD. Although the etiopathogenesis of the disease remains unknown, increased neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, which may be responsible for oxidative tissue damage seen in BD, and also immunological alterations, T lymphocyte abnormalities in both subpopulation and function have been considered to be correlated with the etiopathogenesis of BD. There is some clinical evidence suggesting that emotional stress and hormonal alterations can influence the course and disease activity of BD.