gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of anthracycline therapy on intestinal absorption in patients with advanced breast cancer. (1989)

Although cytotoxic chemotherapy for human cancer has been reported to induce alterations in intestinal permeability, its effects on the absorptive process are still controversial. We have studied mediated and nonmediated absorption in 10 patients with metastatic breast cancer before and after treatment with Adriamycin by the use of specific test sugars given orally and their subsequent urinary recovery, as measured by chromatography. Mediated absorption was investigated by the use of D-xylose and 3-O-methylglucose, while lactulose and L-rhamnose were used to study nonmediated permeation. Lactulose is considered a marker of unmediated paracellular (tight junction) permeation, while L-rhamnose explores passage across cell membranes. The test was performed on patients before and on the second and the eighth days after Adriamycin administration, and only once in 22 age-matched healthy women. Under basal conditions, as well as 2 and 8 days after chemotherapy, D-xylose and 3-O-methylglucose absorption was 35% lower in patients than in controls (P less than 0.001). Lactulose absorption was significantly higher in patients than in controls under basal conditions (P less than 0.001); it reached levels three times higher the second day after chemotherapy, and returned to basal levels by the eighth day. The data suggest an early reversible effect of Adriamycin on cellular tight junctions with resulting increased permeabilization. This effect seems of a toxic nature rather than due to increased cell loss. It is interesting that both nonmediated absorption and mediated absorption were already altered before chemotherapy in cancer patients, suggesting a preexisting functional damage of the intestine. The significance of this alteration as a potential mechanism of cancer cachexia is discussed.
Multispectral imaging and artificial neural network: mimicking the management decision of the clinician facing pigmented skin lesions (2007)

Various instruments based on acquisition and elaboration of images of pigmented skin lesions have been developed in an attempt to in vivo establish whether a lesion is a melanoma or not. Although encouraging, the response of these instruments, e.g. epiluminescence microscopy, reflectance spectrophotometry and fluorescence imaging, cannot currently replace the well-established diagnostic procedures. However, in place of the approach to instrumentally assess the diagnosis of the lesion, recent studies suggest that instruments should rather reproduce the assessment by an expert clinician of whether a lesion has to be excised or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a spectrophotometric system to mimic such a decision. The study involved 1794 consecutively recruited patients with 1966 doubtful cutaneous pigmented lesions excised for histopathological diagnosis and 348 patients with 1940 non-excised lesions because clinically reassuring. Images of all these lesions were acquired in vivo with a multispectral imaging system. The data set was randomly divided into a train (802 reassuring and 1003 excision-needing lesions, including 139 melanomas), a verify (464 reassuring and 439 excision-needing lesions, including 72 melanomas) and a test set (674 reassuring and 524 excision-needing lesions, including 76 melanomas). An artificial neural network (ANN(1)) was set up to perform the classification of the lesions as excision-needing or reassuring, according to the expert clinicians' decision on how to manage each examined lesion. In the independent test set, the system was able to emulate the clinicians with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 80%. Of the 462 correctly classified as excision-needing lesions, 72 (95%) were melanomas. No major variations in receiver operating characteristic curves were found between the test and the train/verify sets. On the same data set, a further artificial neural network (ANN(2)) was then architected to perform classification of the lesions as melanoma or non-melanoma, according to the histological diagnosis. Having set the sensitivity in recognizing melanoma to 95%, ANN(1) resulted to be significantly better in the classification of reassuring lesions than ANN(2). This study suggests that multispectral image analysis and artificial neural networks could be used to support primary care physicians or general practitioners in identifying pigmented skin lesions that require further investigations.
Identification of the active-site serine in human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (1987)

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) from human plasma reacts stoichiometrically with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) resulting in the complete loss of transacylase activity. Purified LCAT was covalently labeled with (TH) DFP and the labeled protein was reduced and carboxymethylated. Cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by gel permeation chromatography yielded a peptide of 4-5 KDa (LCAT CNBr-III) containing most of the radioactive label. Preliminary studies comparing the amino acid composition of the LCAT-CNBr-III with the sequence of LCAT indicate that this peptide corresponds to fragment 168-220. Automated Edman degradation of the radioactive peptide recovered a radioactive PTC-amino acid at cycle 14. Of all predicted CNBr fragments only peptide 168-220 contained a serine at residue 14 from the amino terminus of the peptide. The authors conclude that serine 181 is the active site serine of LCAT.
Systemically and Topically Administered Leptin Both Accelerate Wound Healing in Diabetic ob/ob Mice (2000)

Leptin is a 16 kD protein that is produced by adipocytes and induces weight loss in both normal and genetically obese ob/ob mice. ob/ob mice are obese, have multiple metabolic abnormalities, and exhibit impaired wound healing. Exogenous administration of leptin to these animals induces weight loss and corrects their metabolic defects. Leptin's effect on wound repair, however, has not been studied. Systemic administration of leptin at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg/day induced a highly significant acceleration in wound repair in ob/ob mice (p<0.0001), but not in db/db mice, indicating that leptin's effects on wound repair were mediated through the leptin receptor. We then investigated the possibility that leptin was acting directly at the wound site by administering leptin topically, and found that topical leptin also induced a dose dependent acceleration in wound repair (p<0.0001). In addition, we found that all forms of leptin receptor, including the signal transducing long form, were present in skin by RNase protection assay, and that leptin receptor localized to subcutaneous vessels of wounded skin by in situ hybridization. Finally, we investigated the possibility that leptin stimulated angiogenesis in wounds by analyzing wound hemoglobin and wound vessel density. Neither systemic nor topical leptin induced any significant changes in either parameter, suggesting that leptin accelerates wound repair by a mechanism other than stimulation of angiogenesis. In summary, both systemic and topical leptin accelerate wound repair in diabetic ob/ob mice, possibly via the direct interaction of leptin with its receptors in wounded skin, but do not appear to significantly stimulate wound angiogenesis. Further studies to better elucidate the mechanisms of leptin's effects on wound repair are warranted.
Vegetable Peel Waste for the Production of ZnO Nanoparticles and its Toxicological Efficiency, Antifungal, Hemolytic, and Antibacterial Activities (2016)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are important materials when making different products like sun screens, textiles, and paints. In the current study, the photocatalytic effect of prepared ZnO NPs from Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) was evaluated on degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye, which is largely released from textile industries and is harmful to the environment. Preliminarily, ZnO NP formation was confirmed using a double beam ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer; further, the NP size was estimated using XRD analysis and the functional group analysis was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the synthesized NPs was found to be a hexagonal shape using SEM and TEM analysis and elemental screening was analyzed using EDX. ZnO NPs were shown sized 40-45 nm and spherical in shape. The degradation percentage of ZnO NPs was calculated as 94% at 70 min and the rate of the reaction -k = 0.0282. The synthesized ZnO NPs were determined for effectiveness on biological activities such as antifungal, hemolytic, and antibacterial activity. ZnO NPs showed good antifungal activity against Alternaria saloni and Sclerrotium rolfii strains. Further, we have determined the hemolytic and antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs and we got successive results in antibacterial and hemolytic activities.
How much training and feedback are needed in MIMO broadcast channels? (2008)

We consider a MIMO fading broadcast channel where channel state information is acquired at user terminals via downlink training and explicit analog feedback is used to provide transmitter channel state information (CSIT) to the base station. The feedback channel (the corresponding uplink) is modeled as a MIMO multiple access channel. Under the assumption that data transmission, downlink training, and feedback are performed within the same channel coherence interval of length T symbols, the optimization of a lower bound on the achievable ergodic rate sum yields a non-trivial resource allocation tradeoff.We solve this tradeoff and provide the optimal training and feedback resource allocation for the case of zero-forcing beamforming. When the same power level is used during all stages, it is found that the optimal length of the training + feedback phases increases as O(radicT) for large T. On the other hand, when different power levels can be used for different stages, for sufficiently large T it is optimal to use the minimum number of symbols for training + feedback but to use power of order O(radicT).
Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(L‐lactide) biodegradable diblock copolyesters: Effect of the block lengths on their thermal properties (2007)

Abstract Poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐ε‐caprolactone)‐ b ‐poly( L ‐lactide) [P(LL‐ co ‐CL)‐ b ‐PLL] diblock copolyesters were synthesized in a two‐step process with 1‐dodecanol (DDC) and stannous octoate as the initiating system. In the first‐step reaction, a 50:50 mol % amorphous poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐ε‐caprolactone) [P(LL‐ co ‐CL)] copolyester was synthesized via the bulk copolymerization of L ‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone, which was followed by the polymerization of the PLL crystalline block at the end chain in the second‐step reaction. The yielded copolyesters were characterized with dilute‐solution viscometry, gel permeation chromatography, 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The molecular weights of the P(LL‐ co ‐CL) copolyesters from the first‐step reaction were controlled by the DDC concentrations, whereas in the second‐step reaction, the molecular weights of the P(LL‐ co ‐CL)‐ b ‐PLL diblock copolyesters depended on the starting P(LL‐ co ‐CL) copolyester molecular weights and L ‐lactide/prepolymer molar ratios. The starting P(LL‐ co ‐CL) copolyester molecular weights and PLL block lengths seemed to be the main factors affecting specific thermal properties, including the melting temperature ( T m ), heat of melting (Δ H m ), crystallizing temperature ( T c ), and heat of crystallizing (Δ H c ), of the final P(LL‐ co ‐CL)‐ b ‐PLL diblock copolyester products. T m , Δ H m , T c , and Δ H c increased when the PLL block lengths increased. However, these thermal properties of the diblock copolyesters also decreased when the P(LL‐ co ‐CL) block lengths increased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
A novel approach to optically active trans-benzoperhydroindan (2,3,3a,3b,4,5-hexahydro-1 H-benz[e]indene) (1991)

H. Nemoto, N. Matsuhashi and K. Fukumoto, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 705 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000705
Semi-regular remeshing with reduced remeshing error (2010)

In this paper we present a remeshing algorithm which drastically reduces the aliasing artifacts inherent in regularly-sampled remeshed objects. Starting from a semi-regular mesh, the proposed algorithm reduces the remeshing error and avoids aliasing by displacing vertices such that most samples of the original mesh are present in the remeshed model as well. Computational efficiency is provided by using a search-tree, which efficiently gathers vertices near a given point in a 3D space. Compared to the state-of-the-art semi-regular remesher, the proposed remesher drastically improves the visual quality of the high-frequency regions in remeshed objects. Additionally, the proposed algorithm yields a lower remeshing error, which is reflected by a significantly increased PSNR upper-bound in wavelet-based compression of such meshes.
Statistical Properties of Phase Variation in Shearing Speckle Interferometry and Its Effect on Fringe Visibility (1992)

Abstract The statistical properties of two interfering speckle fields indicate a reduction in phase variation as the coherent correlation between them increases. In this paper, the impact of this phenomenon on fringe visibility in shearing speckle interferometry, where two laterally shifted speckle fields are super-imposed, is studied. Work is also done to correlate fringe visibility with the amount of lateral shear based on the limitations imposed by phase variance statistics.
Platelet factor 4 efficiently reverses heparin anticoagulation in the rat without adverse effects of heparin-protamine complexes. (1992)

These results suggest that PF4 efficiently reverses heparin anticoagulation in the rat without the adverse effects of heparin-protamine complexes. Therefore, rPF4 may be an appropriate substitute for PS in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and other procedures that require heparin anticoagulation.
Role of trehalose phosphate synthase and trehalose during hypoxia: from flies to mammals (2004)

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an alpha,alpha-1,1-glycosidic linkage. The best known and most widely distributed pathway of trehalose synthesis involves the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to glucose 6-phosphate to form trehalose-6-phosphate and UDP via the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1). Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) then converts trehalose-6-phosphate to free trehalose. This sugar is present in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, insects, invertebrates and plants, and because of its particular physical features, trehalose is able to protect the integrity of cells against a variety of environmental stresses such as desiccation, dehydration, heat, cold and oxidation. Our current studies described here indicate that trehalose protects Drosophila and mammalian cells from hypoxic and anoxic injury. The mechanism of this protection is probably related to a decrease in protein denaturation through protein-trehalose interactions.
Efficiency and Equilibria in Games of Optimal Derivative Design (2010)

In this paper the problem of optimal derivative design, profit maximization and risk minimization under adverse selection when multiple agencies compete for the business of a continuum of heterogenous agents is studied. In contrast with the principal-agent models that are extended within, here the presence of ties in the agents' best-response correspondences yields discontinuous payoff functions for the agencies. These discontinuities are dealt with via efficient tie-breaking rules. The main results of this paper are a proof of existence of (mixed-strategies) Nash equilibria in the case of profit-maximizing agencies, and of socially efficient allocations when the firms are risk minimizers. It is also shown that in the particular case of the entropic risk measure, there exists an efficient "fix-mix" tie-breaking rule, in which case firms share the whole market over given proportions.
Parliament (2007)

The case for the prosecution goes something like this. Tony Blair himself was not a 'House of Commons man'. He was rarely seen there during his premiership, participating in just 8% of parliamentary votes between 1997 and 2007, a record low for any Prime Minister. He also had little understanding of, or respect for, the traditions of parliament – and would blithely demolish those practices he found inconvenient. One of his first acts as Prime Minister was to change, without any consultation, Prime Minister's Questions from two sessions a week to just a single session, thus reducing the ability of the Commons to hold him to account.
Creep Damage Evaluation of High-Temperature Pipeline Material for Fossil Power Plant by Frequency Spectrum Analysis Method (2000)

In boiler high-temperature pipelines such as main steam pipe, header and steam drum in fossil power plants, conventional measurement techniques(replica method, electric resistance method, and hardness test method) for measuring creep damage have such disadvantages as complex preparation and measurement procedures, too many control parameters. And also, these techniques have low practicality and applied only to component surfaces with good accessibility. It needs to apply a reliable and quantitative ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation method that can be replaced for these equipment. In this study, both artificial creep degradation test using life prediction formula and frequency analysis by ultrasonic tests for crept specimens were carried out for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation for creep damage. As a result of ultrasonic tests for crept specimens, we conformed that the high frequency side spectra decrease and central frequency components shift to low frequency band, and also their bandwidth decreases as increasing creep damage in backwall echos.
Synthetic Arterial Grafts (1977)

A retrospective study of 91 patients with synthetic arterial grafts was made. The investigation showed that infection of synthetic arterial grafts is a serious and life-threatening complication. Of our 14 infected cases, 5 patients were amputated and 4 patients died. The incidence of infection is significantly increased when the anastomosis is performed through a groin incision. In addition the management of patients with infected graft is discussed and two cases are reported.
Bridging the Gap between Social Animal and Unsocial Machine: A Survey of Social Signal Processing (2011)

Social Signal Processing is the research domain aimed at bridging the social intelligence gap between humans and machines. This paper is the first survey of the domain that jointly considers its three major aspects, namely, modeling, analysis, and synthesis of social behavior. Modeling investigates laws and principles underlying social interaction, analysis explores approaches for automatic understanding of social exchanges recorded with different sensors, and synthesis studies techniques for the generation of social behavior via various forms of embodiment. For each of the above aspects, the paper includes an extensive survey of the literature, points to the most important publicly available resources, and outlines the most fundamental challenges ahead.
Cell cycle regulation by the NEK family of protein kinases (2012)

Genetic screens for cell division cycle mutants in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans led to the discovery of never-in-mitosis A (NIMA), a serine/threonine kinase that is required for mitotic entry. Since that discovery, NIMA-related kinases, or NEKs, have been identified in most eukaryotes, including humans where eleven genetically distinct proteins named NEK1 to NEK11 are expressed. Although there is no evidence that human NEKs are essential for mitotic entry, it is clear that several NEK family members have important roles in cell cycle control. In particular, NEK2, NEK6, NEK7 and NEK9 contribute to the establishment of the microtubule-based mitotic spindle, whereas NEK1, NEK10 and NEK11 have been implicated in the DNA damage response. Roles for NEKs in other aspects of mitotic progression, such as chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and cytokinesis have also been proposed. Interestingly, NEK1 and NEK8 also function within cilia, the microtubule-based structures that are nucleated from basal bodies. This has led to the current hypothesis that NEKs have evolved to coordinate microtubule-dependent processes in both dividing and non-dividing cells. Here, we review the functions of the human NEKs, with particular emphasis on those family members that are involved in cell cycle control, and consider their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: (Alkylthio)alkynes as Addends in the Co(0)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction. Substituent Driven Enhancements of Annulation Efficiency and Stereoselectivity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of Urea in Undiluted Blood Samples by Flow Injection Analysis Using Optosensin (1987)

Abstract A miniaturized Flow Injection system for the assay of urea in undiluted whole blood is described. Based on the optical determination of ammonia, the system incorporates a flow cell combining gas diffusion and optosensing, the separating barrier between the donor and accepting streams consisting of a sandwich of a hydrophobic gas permeable membrane and a hydrophilic membrane between which is contained a gel of covalently immobilized urease. The sample urea content is quantified by the colour change of an acid-base indicator contained within the acceptor stream. Within the physiological range the measurement is not affected by variations in the pH value, the buffering capacity or the hematocrit level of the sample solution, nor is it, due to the geometric construction of the flow cell, prone to interferences owing to the colour of the sample solution itself. The system is stable for a t least one week of continuous use.