gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZnO Nanostructures for Mid‐ IR Plasmonics (2016)

Degenerate metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) are promising systems to expand the significant achievements of plasmonics into the infrared (IR) range 1 . We report on the tunable mid IR Plasmon induced in degenerate Al and Ga doped ZnO (AZO and GZO) nanocrystals. The NCs were obtained by Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition (LECBD). By varying the Al and Ga content from 3 to 9 at.% within the particles we are able to tune the plasmon wavelength from 3 to 4 μm. However, the plasmon resonances are characterized by an unusually large damping, which originates from two mechanisms. The first one is the Oriented Attachment (OA) process (cf. figure 1, B) 3 . When NCs attach by epitaxy, the resulting structure has a lower symmetry, which induces a shift and broadening of the plasmon resonance. Embedding the particles in an Al 2 O 3 matrix has prevented the OA, and hence the damping was reduced along with broadening. The second mechanism is the partial activation of the dopants. We have observed that less than half of the dopants actually participate to the electron gas 2 . The cause of the partial activation is related to the position of the dopants within the particles. It has been proposed that the damping is larger if the dopants are homogeneously distributed 4 . In the present work we investigate the possibility of mapping the spatial distribution of dopants within the nanocrystals usingFEI‐TITAN ETEM equipped with High resolution Gatan GIF (see Figure 2). We subsequently anneal the nanocrystals to let them reach the thermodynamic equilibrium. The distribution of dopants, and its consequences on the plasmon resonances is then investigated [5,6].
Effects of infections on lipidomic profile of bronchial washing (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) after lung transplantation (2016)

Lung transplantation outcomes are challenged by bacterial, viral and fungal infections, noxious triggers that could amplify or promote inflammation and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. We hypothesized the airway lipidome serves as marker of lung infection and related innate immunity. The effects of bacterial, viral and fungal infections on the BW and BAL lipidome from allografts were studied. BW (596) and BAL (199), prospectively collected from 288 pts during surveillance bronchoscopy, were assayed retrospectively by mass-spec for 25 lipid families. Microbiology info was collected. Mann Whitney test used. Bacteria were isolated in 168 BW and 49 BAL, virus in 54 BW and 22 BAL, fungi in 102 BW and 33 BAL. Virus and fungi showed greater BW and BAL total lipid concentration (p&lt;0.05). No difference for bacteria. BW with bacteria had greater (p&lt;0.005): cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), N-acylphosphatidylserine; no difference for BAL. BW with virus had greater (p&lt;0.005): monoacylglicerole, ceramide, SM, DihydroSM (dhSM), monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3), phosphatidylcholine-ether (PCE), phosphatidylethanolamine-p, lysophosphatidylethanolamine-p, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), BisMonoacylglyceroPhosphate (BMP); while BAL had greater (p&lt;0.005): dhSM, Lactosylceramide (LacCer). BW with fungi had greater (p&lt;0.005): CE, SM, dhSM, HexosylCeramide, LacCer, GM3, PCE, LPI; while no difference in BAL. The bronchial and broncho-alveolar lipidome of lung allografts is affected by the microbiologic status. Bacteria, virus and fungi have signature lipidomic profile that we speculate associates within the specific bronchial and broncho-alveolar innate immunity.
Temperature-Resistant, Corrosion-Tolerant Carburizing Bearing Steel for Aero-Engine Applications (2020)

The development of very high bypass ratio (VHBR) aero-engines can contribute to fulfilling the goals of the Sustainable and Green Engines (SAGE) program. The potential environmental benefits of the new aero-engine concept require increased speed and loading capabilities as compared to today's solutions. This paper describes the development of an advanced temperature-resistant, corrosion-tolerant steel for hybrid bearing rings for aero-engine applications. The target was for an increase in the hybrid bearing load capacity by 15% plus an increase of 25% in the rotation speed capability. In order to achieve the load capacity target, the steel rings of the hybrid bearing needed to be improved in terms of hardness, specifically hot hardness. The composition of Pyrowear® 675 was taken as a basis for the development and the alloying philosophy centered around the use of cobalt because of its beneficial effects on hot hardness. A series of small-scale test melts were made with the initial compositions being modeled using Thermo-Calc software. The heat treatment response of the initial melts was used to define further test melts to refine the composition to a final target composition for an industrial 16-ton Vacuum Induction Melting–Vacuum Arc Remelting (VIM/VAR) melt. This patented novel composition was produced by a commercial steelmaker in the first half of 2018. The paper will describe how the final alloy composition was developed by combining modeling with experimentation. The next steps toward implementation of the concept will be outlined.
Natural antioxidants. III. Antioxidative components isolated from rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (1985)

Antioxidative components in the methanol extract of the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. were investigated by using our evaluation method based on the air oxidation of linoleic acid. Curcuminoids such as curcumin, 4-hydroxycinnamoyl (feruloyl) methane and bis (4-hydroxycinnamoyl) methane were found to be active components. Curcumin was the most active component and its 50% inhibitory concentrations for the air oxidation of linoleic acid were 1.83×10-2% (thiobarbituric acid value) and 1.15×10-2% (peroxide value). These values of curcumin are superior to those of dl-α-tocopherol.
The computer for the 21 st century (1999)

Specialized elements of hardware and software, connected by wires, radio waves and infrared, will be so ubiquitous that no one will notice their presence.
Clinical Implications of the Microbial Anti-Adherence Properties of Noxythiolin (1985)

Journal Article Clinical Implications of the Microbial Anti-Adherence Properties of Noxythiolin Get access L Anderson, L Anderson Dept. of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL. (UK) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S P Gorman, S P Gorman Dept. of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL. (UK) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D F McCafferty, D F McCafferty Dept. of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL. (UK) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A D Woolfson A D Woolfson Dept. of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL. (UK) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 37, Issue Supplement_12, December 1985, Page 64P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14136.x Published: 12 April 2011
5-Axis CNC Micromilling for Rapid, Cheap, and Background-Free NMR Microcoils (2020)

The superior mass sensitivity of microcoil technology in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides potential for the analysis of extremely small-mass-limited samples such as eggs, cells, and tiny organisms. For optimal performance and efficiency, the size of the microcoil should be tailored to the size of the mass-limited sample of interest, which can be costly as mass-limited samples come in many shapes and sizes. Therefore, rapid and economic microcoil production methods are needed. One method with great potential is 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) micromilling, commonly used in the jewelry industry. Most CNC milling machines are designed to process larger objects and commonly have a precision of >25 μm (making the machining of common spiral microcoils, for example, impossible). Here, a 5-axis MiRA6 CNC milling machine, specifically designed for the jewelry industry, with a 0.3 μm precision was used to produce working planar microcoils, microstrips, and novel microsensor designs, with some tested on the NMR in less than 24 h after the start of the design process. Sample wells could be built into the microsensor and could be machined at the same time as the sensors themselves, in some cases leaving a sheet of Teflon as thin as 10 μm between the sample and the sensor. This provides the freedom to produce a wide array of designs and demonstrates 5-axis CNC micromilling as a versatile tool for the rapid prototyping of NMR microsensors. This approach allowed the experimental optimization of a prototype microstrip for the analysis of two intact adult <i>Daphnia magna</i> organisms. In addition, a 3D volume slotted-tube resonator was produced that allowed for 2D <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C NMR of <i>D. magna</i> neonates and exhibited <sup>1</sup>H sensitivity (<i>n</i>LOD<sub>ω</sub><sup>600</sup> = 1.49 nmol s<sup>1/2</sup>) close to that of double strip lines, which themselves offer the best compromise between concentration and mass sensitivity published to date.
Mid-IR lasing of Cr:ZnSe/As 2 S 3 :As 2 Se 3 composite materials (2011)

Compact solid-state laser systems based on chromium doped II-VI semiconductor materials (ZnS, ZnSe, CdSe) with tunability over 2-3.6 &#956;m, output power exceeding 10W, and efficiency up to 70% were demonstrated recently. A further increase of the output power requires a thorough thermal management of the active element. Fiber geometry of gain element is very promising among other different approaches to control beam quality and thermal lensing. The proposed transition metal doped ZnS:ZnSe/As2S3:As2Se3 composite materials with index matching of II-VI and V-VI components represent a new way for design of mid-infrared laser active fibers. Chalcogenide glasses have wide transparency range in mid-IR, enable fiber geometry, and their refractive index can be varied from n=2.1 to n=2.5 matching refractive index of ZnS (n=2.26) and ZnSe (n=2.44) crystals and eliminating scattering losses. The II-VI compounds provide a tetrahedral coordination of the chromium ions required for mid-IR lasing. We report the first mid-IR laser active Cr:ZnSe/As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>:As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> composites fabrication and room-temperature lasing at 2.4 &mu;m. The Cr:ZnSe/As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>:As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> composites were prepared by annealing of the appropriate compounds under vacuum and by casting and drying of Cr:ZnSe microparticles suspension in As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>:As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> propylamine solution. All samples demonstrated mid-IR photoluminescence typical for Cr<sup>2+</sup> ions in ZnSe host. High optical gain and low passive losses in Cr:ZnSe/As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>:As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> composite material were demonstrated in random lasing experiments.
Defective HNF4alpha-dependent gene expression as a driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis (2019)

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by profound hepatocellular dysfunction for which targeted treatments are urgently needed. Identification of molecular drivers is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. By performing RNA sequencing in livers from patients with different phenotypes of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), we show that development of AH is characterized by defective activity of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs). TGFβ1 is a key upstream transcriptome regulator in AH and induces the use of HNF4α P2 promoter in hepatocytes, which results in defective metabolic and synthetic functions. Gene polymorphisms in LETFs including HNF4α are not associated with the development of AH. In contrast, epigenetic studies show that AH livers have profound changes in DNA methylation state and chromatin remodeling, affecting HNF4α-dependent gene expression. We conclude that targeting TGFβ1 and epigenetic drivers that modulate HNF4α-dependent gene expression could be beneficial to improve hepatocellular function in patients with AH.
Validation of a Genomic Classifier for Predicting Post-Prostatectomy Recurrence in a Community Based Health Care Setting (2015)

Decipher improves our ability to predict clinical recurrence in prostate cancer and adds precision to conventional pathological prognostic measures.
Effects of Inorganic Arsenic, Methylated Arsenicals, and Arsenobetaine on Atherosclerosis in the apoE−/− Mouse Model and the Role of As3mt-Mediated Methylation (2017)

Taken together, our findings indicate that As3MT acts to promote cardiovascular toxicity of arsenic and suggest that human <i>AS3MT</i> SNPs that correlate with enzyme function could predict those most at risk to develop atherosclerosis among the millions that are exposed to arsenic. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP806.
Burden of Cerebral Malaria in Central India (2004–2007) (2008)

A study on the clinicoepidemiology of cerebral malaria (CM) and mild malaria (MM) among adults and children attending NSCB medical college hospital Jabalpur and civil hospital Maihar, Satna, in central India was undertaken. Of 1,633 patients, 401 were Plasmodium falciparum and 18 P. vivax. Of 401, 199 CM patients and 112 MM patients were enrolled. Severe complications among CM patients were jaundice (26%), acute renal failure (22%), respiratory distress (22%), severe malaria anemia (18%), hypotension (17%), hepatic encephalopathy (7.0%), and hematuria (5%). Among CM cases, seizures and severe malaria anemia were significantly higher in children (P < 0.0001) compared with adults, whereas jaundice (P < 0.0025), acute renal failure (P < 0.0001), and hematuria (P <or= 0.05) were significantly higher among adults. Mortality was high among adults with multiple organ failures. Overall case fatality rate was 21%. Neurologic sequelae at discharge from the hospital were 3%, whereas at follow-up, only 1% had persistent neurologic sequelae.
CD40 Mediates Retinal Inflammation and Neurovascular Degeneration (2008)

Retinopathies are major causes of visual impairment. We used a model of ischemic retinopathy to examine the role of CD40 in the pathogenesis of retinal injury. Retinal inflammation, loss of ganglion cells, and capillary degeneration were markedly attenuated in ischemic retinas of CD40(-/-) mice. Up-regulation of NOS2 and COX2 after retinal ischemia were blunted in CD40(-/-) mice. NOS2-COX-2 up-regulation in ischemic retinas from wild-type mice was at least in part explained by recruitment of NOS2(+)COX-2(+) leukocytes. Up-regulation of KC/CXCL1 and ICAM-1 also required CD40. Retinal endothelial and Muller cells expressed CD40. Stimulation of these cells through CD40 caused ICAM-1 up-regulation and KC/CXCL1 production. Bone marrow transplant experiments revealed that leukocyte infiltration, ganglion cell loss, and up-regulation of proinflammatory molecules after retinal ischemia were dependent on CD40 expression in the retina and not peripheral blood leukocytes. These studies identified CD40 as a regulator of retinal inflammation and neurovascular degeneration. They support a model in which CD40 stimulation of endothelial and Muller cells triggers adhesion molecule up-regulation and chemokine production, promoting the recruitment of leukocytes that express NOS2/COX-2, molecules linked to neurovascular degeneration.
Glycine Betaine-assisted Protein Folding in a lysAMutant of Escherichia coli (2000)

Osmoprotectants exogenously supplied to a hyperosmotic culture medium are efficiently imported and amassed by stressed cells of Escherichia coli. In addition to their evident role in the recovery and maintenance of osmotic balance, these solutes should play an important role on the behavior of cellular macromolecules, for example in the process of protein folding. Using a random chemical mutagenesis approach, a conditional lysine auxotrophic mutant was obtained. The growth of this mutant was restored by addition of either lysine or osmoprotectants including glycine betaine (GB) in the minimal medium. The growth rate increased proportionally with the augmentation of the intracellular GB concentration. The mutation was located in the lysA gene and resulted in the substitution of the Ser at position 384 by Phe of the diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC), which catalyzes the conversion of meso-diaminopimelate to L-lysine. We purified both the wild type DAPDC and the mutated DAPDC-sf and demonstrated that GB was capable of activating DAPDC-sf in vitro, thus confirming the in vivo results. Most importantly, we showed that the activation was correlated with a conformational change of DAPDC-sf. Taken together, these results show, for the first time, that GB may actively assist in vivo protein folding in a chaperone-like manner.
Collision dynamics of methyl radicals and highly vibrationally excited molecules using crossed molecular beams (1991)

The vibrational to translational (V{yields}T) energy transfer in collisions between large highly vibrationally excited polyatomics and rare gases was investigated by time-of-flight techniques. Two different methods, UV excitation followed by intemal conversion and infrared multiphoton excitation (IRMPE), were used to form vibrationally excited molecular beams of hexafluorobenzene and sulfur hexafluoride, respectively. The product translational energy was found to be independent of the vibrational excitation. These results indicate that the probability distribution function for V{yields}T energy transfer is peaked at zero. The collisional relaxation of large polyatomic molecules with rare gases most likely occurs through a rotationally mediated process. Photodissociation of nitrobenzene in a molecular beam was studied at 266 nm. Two primary dissociation channels were identified including simple bond rupture to produce nitrogen dioxide and phenyl radical and isomerization to form nitric oxide and phenoxy radical. The time-of-flight spectra indicate that simple bond rupture and isomerization occurs via two different mechanisms. Secondary dissociation of the phenoxy radicals to carbon monoxide and cyclopentadienyl radicals was observed as well as secondary photodissociation of phenyl radical to give H atom and benzyne. A supersonic methyl radical beam source is developed. The beam source configuration and conditions were optimized for CH{sub 3} production from the thermal decomposition of azomethane. Elastic scattering of methyl radical and neon was used to differentiate between the methyl radicals and the residual azomethane in the molecular beam.
Psychological and practical difficulties among parents and healthy siblings of children with Duchenne vs. Becker muscular dystrophy: an Italian comparative study. (2014)

This study explored the burden in parents and healthy siblings of 4-17 year-old patients with Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies, and whether the burden varied according to clinical aspects and social resources. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, patient's clinical history, parent and healthy children burden, and on parent's social resources were collected using self-reported questionnaires administered to 336 parents of patients with DMD (246) and BMD (90). Parents of patients with DMD reported higher burden than those of patients with BMD, especially concerning feeling of loss (84.3% DMD vs. 57.4% BMD), stigma (44.2% DMD vs. 5.5% BMD) and neglect of hobbies (69.0% DMD vs. 32.5% BMD). Despite the burden, 66% DMD and 62.4% BMD parents stated the caregiving experience had a positive impact on their lives. A minority of parents believed MD has a negative influence on the psychological well-being (31.0% DMD vs. 12.8% BMD), and social life of unaffected children (25.7% vs. 18.4%). In the DMD group, burden correlated with duration of illness and parent age, and burden was higher among parents with lower social contacts and support in emergencies. In DMD, difficulties among healthy children were reported as higher by parents who were older, had higher burden and lower social contacts. In both groups, burden increased in relation to patient disability. These findings underline that the psychological support to be provided to parents of patients with MD, should take into account clinical features of the disease.
Paleomagnetism of Young New Zealand Basalts and Longitudinal Distribution of Paleosecular Variation. (1995)

A paleosecular variation (PSV) study was carried out on monogenic basalt volcanoes of the northern part of North Island, New Zealand. A new method of calculating angular standard deviation (ASD) by fitting a combination of two Fisher distributions to the cumulative histogram of VGP data is presented, which avoids the necessity of applying an arbitrary cut-off angle to exclude intermediate magnetic directions. The resultant ASD of 11.5° for northern New Zealand is smaller than that predicted by previous PSV models. Using this new method, recalculation of published data from elsewhere spanning the last 10Ma suggests that the ASD commonly has been over-estimated and that the global distribution of ASD exhibits a significant longitudinal variation. This relatively long-term non-axisymmetric distribution of ASD implies that the core dynamo process may be strongly influenced by the thermal and/or mechanical regime of the solid mantle.
Structure-activity relationships among benextramine-related tetraamine disulfides. Chain length effect on .alpha.-adrenoreceptor blocking activity (1988)

Several N'-substituted N,N''-(dithiodi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis(1, omega-alkanediamines) were prepared and evaluated for their blocking activity on alpha-adrenoreceptors in the isolated rat vas deferens and human blood platelets. The results were compared with those obtained for benextramine (N,N''-(dithiodi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[N'-[(2-methoxyphenyl)-methyl]- 1 ,6- hexanediamine], 10). Bendotramine (N,N''-(dithiodi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[N'-[(2-methoxyphenyl)- methyl]-1,12-dodecanediamine], 16) proved to be as active as 10 on alpha 1-adrenoreceptors, showing that optimum activity is associated with two carbon chain lengths separating inner from outer nitrogens of tetraamine disulfides. On the other hand, 16 had no activity up to 20 microM at alpha 2-adrenoreceptors. The optimum activity at this receptor subtype was associated with a six to eight carbon chain (10-12). Furthermore, 10 proved to be more selective toward alpha 2-adrenoreceptors whereas 16 was a selective alpha 1-antagonist. The tetraamine disulfides were shown also to be potent inhibitors of human platelet aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The potency increased with the carbon chain length. However, the results on platelets did not parallel those found in the rat vas deferens, indicating that differences exist between the alpha-adrenoreceptor subtypes investigated. In conclusion, 10 may be a useful tool in characterizing alpha 2-adrenoreceptors whereas 16 might help in investigating alpha 1-adrenoreceptors.