gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of International Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Urticaria (2016)

Both spontaneous and inducible forms of chronic urticaria pose a significant economic burden and have an adverse effect on patients' quality of life. The international guidelines and US practice parameters for the diagnosis and management of chronic urticaria both recommend performing a thorough patient history and physical examination, conducting limited routine laboratory testing, and taking a stepwise approach to treatment. These documents differ in several areas, such as the order of diagnostic procedures and the treatment for patients non-responsive to standard dose H1-antihistamines. Patients with chronic urticaria who visit a specialist have typically been treated with second-generation H1-antihistamines - the recommended first-line treatments. The advantages and disadvantages of each treatment option should be taken into consideration when selecting therapies beyond H1-antihistamines. Greater awareness of the international guidelines and US practice parameters will likely improve the quality of care for patients with chronic urticaria.
Content-based segmentation of patterned wafer for automatic threshold determination (2003)

This paper introduces a segmentation algorithm suitable for semiconductor wafer images generated by optical inspection tools. The primary application of this work is content-based region segmentation for automatic threshold selection during recipe generation in die-to-die wafer inspection. Structures associated with different functional areas lead to different levels of noise in the difference image during the defect detection process. The ability to automatically create a mask to separate the different structures and materials is necessary to determine local thresholds for each area and thus to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A supervised segmentation based on the discrete wavelet transform is used to segment a whole die to create a mask. During the inspection, the mask is applied on the difference image, and the threshold is automatically set as a function of the noise within the region and the thresholding coefficient specific to that region. Preliminary segmentation results are very promising. The use of the segmented region in content-based threshold defect detection improves the number of defects detected, and reduces the number of false detections. This paper will show the performance of the segmentation method on optical microscope wafer images, and the subsequent improvement of the defect detection process.
Automatic Write Strategy Setting (2005)

Recently, various types of recordable optical disc have been distributed worldwide. Despite their popularity, the adjustment of write strategy for optimal recording is still a complex and time-consuming operation. In this study, our group focused on deviation, a parameter of the write strategy setting, and developed a method in which a write strategy calculation can be performed by making the value of this deviation close to 0. As a result, we can set up the optimum write strategy in 10 min.
EXOME SEQUENCING IN THREE FAMILIES WITH CYTOPLASMIC BODY MYOPATHY WITH EARLY RESPIRATORY FAILURE (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cytoplasmic body myopathy with early respiratory failure (CBM) is a rare muscular dystrophy with the clinical presentation of early respiratory failure with distal and/or proximal muscle weakness. The genetic defect has been identified in two families, having the R279W mutation in the sarcomeric protein TTN, although cases without this mutation have already been reported. <h3>Methods</h3> Three pedigrees with CBM were included in this study. Clinical characteristics and diagnostic investigations were summarised. Western blot of C-terminal TTN protein was performed. Genome-wide 1000 microsatellite analysis was performed in one of the families to identify a linkage region and shared haplotype. Exome sequencing was performed on three patients. <h3>Results</h3> Onset was usually in middle-age, and tibialis anterior muscle was earliest and most severely affected. Pulmonary function tests indicated low FEV1 and FVC, worsening when supine. EMG demonstrated necrotising myopathic process. MRI invariably revealed signal abnormalities of semitendinosus muscle. Blot of C-terminal TTN protein was normal. A 20 cM linkage region on chromosome 2 was identified. Exome sequencing detected the disease mutation and identified other candidates excluded with segregation analysis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We report the disease gene, and describe in detail the phenotype and diagnostic investigations from these three pedigrees. Genetic testing for these CBM genes should be performed in patients with myopathy and early respiratory failure if muscle pathology reveals cytoplasmic bodies or is nonspecific.
Alternate Fuels for Medium-Speed Diesel Engines (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Tests were performed on a two-stroke cycle medium-speed diesel engine in an attempt to define the ability of this class of engines to operate on certain alternate fuels, and to define the performance characteristics of the engine under such operation. Two categories of fuels were evaluated in this program, off-specification diesel fuels and non-diesel fuels; the former is the topic of this paper. Off-specification diesel fuels were defined as those fuels with one or more properties which did not lie in the currently accepted range of specifications for Number 2 diesel fuel. Cetane number, viscosity, and distillation range were systematically varied as independently of other properties as was possible by blending various fuel components. Limiting fuel properties were defined and, where possible, the influences of fuel properties on performance and emissions were determined.&lt;/div&gt;
<title>Hierarchical clustering method for the segmentation of medical images</title> (1998)

Analyzing medical images, which have been stored in digital information system day by day, is expected to make it possible to formulate knowledge useful for image diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a method for unsupervised medical image segmentation as the pre-processing of the analysis aiming to clear the relation between the image features and the possible outcome of a medical condition. In the proposed method, a square region around the every pixel is considered as a pattern vector, and a set of pattern vectors acquired from whole image are classified by using the technique of hierarchical clustering. In the hierarchical clustering, the set of pattern vectors is divided into two clusters at each node, according to the statistical criterion based on the entropy in thermodynamics. Results on the test image generated by the Markov Random Field model and the real medical images, photomicrographs of intestine, are shown.
Factors Influencing Rates and Products in the Transformation of Trichloroethylene by Iron Sulfide and Iron Metal (2001)

Batch experiments were performed to assess (i) the influence of pH, solution amendments, and mineral aging on the rates and products of trichloroethylene (TCE) transformation by iron sulfide (FeS) and (ii) the influence of pretreatment of iron metal with NaHS on TCE transformation rates. The relative rates of FeS-mediated transformation of TCE to different products were quantified by branching ratios. Both pseudo-first-order rate constants and branching ratios for TCE transformation by FeS were significantly influenced by pH, possibly due to a decrease in the reduction potential of reactive surface species with increasing pH. Neither Mn2+, expected to adsorb to FeS surface S atoms, nor 2,2'-bipyridine, expected to adsorb to surface Fe atoms, significantly influenced rate constants or branching ratios. FeS that had been aged at 76 degrees C for 3 days was completely unreactive with respect to TCE over 6.5 months, yet this aged FeS transformed hexachloroethane to tetrachloroethylene with a rate constant only slightly lower than that for nonaged FeS. This finding suggests that the oxidation state of iron sulfide minerals in the environment will strongly influence the potential for intrinsic remediation of pollutants such as TCE. Treatment of iron metal with bisulfide significantly increased the pseudo-first-order rate constant for TCE transformation at pH 8.3. This effect was attributed to formation of a reactive FeS coating or precipitate on the iron surface.
Epitaxial graphene as an electrode material: a transistor testbed for organic and all-carbon semiconductors (2014)

We present a transistor testbed for novel organic and all-carbon electronic materials. Epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) is used as source and drain electrodes. The gate is implemented as a bottom gate. Due to Fermi level pinning at the graphene/SiC interface, the gate is effective in the channel area only. The semiconductor above source and drain contacts and the graphene itself are unaffected by the bottom gate. This leads to a clear distinction of electronic properties in the sharply separated channel and contact areas. As an example, we investigate P3HT and fullerene films, representing standard p-type and n-type semiconducting materials. In particular, for P3HT an ohmic contact to graphene was observed, and an accurate and consistent determination of transistor parameters was achieved. The fullerene transistor showed a high on/off ratio of 3 × 103. The testbed offers the opportunity to determine semiconductor parameters of novel materials under very well-defined conditions.
Mining machine control in virtual working kinematics (2013)

Mining machinery in loading and digging tasks requires well-trained operators. The nature of the loading task is repetitive, yet tedious due to changing digging and loading points, material weight, grade and digging resistance. There exists an optimum digging and loading kinematics, i.e. the family of motion trajectories for each task in which the control of the bucket tool is the easiest to execute. A given mining machine may not match this most convenient kinematics for a given job and working conditions. To help, a new, software-controlled virtual kinematics is developed to assist the operator and ease the task as well as increase energy efficiency and save cost. The paper describes this new technique and its implementation on an experimental excavator, as well as laboratory and benchmarking results. The potential benefits of the new hybrid machine control are discussed regarding reduced loading cycle time, fuel savings and ease of operation.
Agonistic anti-ICOS antibodies promote unexpected elimination of tumor infiltrating effector T cells in a FcγR-independent manner (2020)

Abstract Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on tumor infiltrating regulatory and effector T cells. ICOS potential role in cancer control is supported by the correlation between ipilimumab’s efficacy and the presence of CD4+ICOShi T cells in PBMC, as well as loss of tumor control in ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− mice treated with anti CTLA-4. 37A10 is an anti ICOS agonistic mAb reactive to mouse and human ICOS, with a human IgG1 Fc region to promote depletion of regulatory T cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We hypothesized a pure agonistic, non-depleting anti ICOS would promote co-stimulatory signals on activated T cells while avoiding depletion of activated ICOS+ T cells. Hence, we aimed to compare the efficacy in tumor control of two isotypes of 37A10. Both mIgG1 (non-depleting) and mIgG2a (depleting) isotypes failed to promote survival, as a monotherapy or in combination with anti PD-1 or anti CTLA-4. This was consistent with both isotypes promoting the elimination of activated T cells in an Fc-independent manner. Ablation of activated effector T cells with anti ICOS replicated loss of activated effector T cells upon in vivo blockade of ICOSL reflecting their ligand blocking activity. Moreover, both isotypes impaired the activity of anti CTLA-4, associated to effector T cell depletion, raising concerns regarding the use of anti ICOS mAbs as combination substrates in tumor immunotherapy. The data suggest that agonistic antibodies that block the natural ligand binding site and have weak in vivo agonism could result in unwanted negative responses in cancer. Future work should aim to identify antibodies with robust agonistic activity in vivo while allowing signaling induced by the natural ligand.
Supplementary Table SIII from Hyperthermia Selectively Targets Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Tumors via p53-Dependent Apoptosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Values of the linear quadratic parameters, Î± and Î², of both cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa after radiation alone and after radiation + hyperthermia.&lt;/p&gt;
Associations between Mental Health and COVID-19 Status among 18- and 19-Year-Old Adolescents: A Multi-Country Study (2023)

The aim of this study was to describe the mental health status of 18- and 19-year-old adolescents who were infected or affected by COVID-19 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a secondary analysis of a dataset collected from 152 countries between July and December 2020. Dependent variables were anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The independent variable was COVID-19 status (tested positive for COVID-19, had COVID-19 symptoms but did not test, had a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19, knew someone who died from COVID-19). Three multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables while adjusting for confounding variables (sex—male, female, and country income level). Data of 547 participants were extracted, and 98 (17.9%) had experienced depression, 130 (23.8%) had experienced anxiety, and 219 (40.0%) had experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms. Knowing someone who died from COVID-19 was associated with significantly lower odds of having post-traumatic stress symptoms (AOR: 0.608). Having COVID-19 symptoms but not getting tested was associated with significantly higher odds of having anxiety symptoms (AOR: 2.473). Results indicate diverse mental health responses among adolescents aged 18–19-years old as a sequela of COVID-19. This needs to be studied further.
Design Principles and Performance Evaluation of mSCTP-CMT for Transport-Layer Based Handover (2009)

Handling mobility at the transport layer is a promising approach to achieve seamless handover in the context of heterogeneous wireless access networks. In particular, features such as multihoming and dynamic address reconfiguration provided by mobile SCTP (mSCTP) protocol are among the key enablers for handover support at the transport layer. This paper investigates the applicability of Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) to distribute data among two end-to-end paths of a mSCTP association during handover transition process. To that end, the principles of the mSCTP-CMT design are given, emphasizing the consequences of such a sender-introduced reordering and its congestion control implications in a handover scenario. The proposed mSCTP-CMT handover scheme is benchmarked with a pure mSCTP handover scheme. Provided analysis indicates the possible application area of mSCTP-CMT, taking into account not only handover scenario parameters (dwelling time, available bandwidth ratio and round-trip time), but also the most important constraint of such a design: receiver buffer (rbuf) size. Rbuf size proves to be the major limiting factor shrinking significantly possible mSCTP-CMT application scope, yet not excluding definitively the proposed idea.
Boundary stitching algorithm for parallel implementation of error diffusion (2003)

Error diffusion1{3 is a popular halftoning algorithm extensively used in digital printing. It renders di erent tone levels by adaptively modulating local dot density. Moreover, because of its random dot placement nature, error di usion is free of Moir e artifacts when rendering an image with strong periodic components. This makes it very attractive to render scanned images which often have strong embedded periodic screen frequencies. However, one potential drawback of error di usion for high speed printing applications is its computation load. Unlike screening algorithms4, 5 which only require one threshold operation per pixel, error di usion also must compute and di use the ltered pixel errors to the neighboring pixels. In practice, it may be desirable to implement error di usion in parallel to speed up the computation. One scenario is shown in Figure 1. The input image is rst equally split into four stripes. Each image stripe is then fed to a DSP chip programmed to run error di usion. Each DSP chip runs error di usion independently without synchronization or communication between processors. The halftone outputs from four DSP chips are nally merged to form the whole halftone image. While this can speed up the algorithm by a factor of four, one potential problem with this parallel implementation is that dot clusters or holes can be very visible along the stripe boundaries in the merged halftone image. This is because the pixel error can not be di used across the stripe boundary, so the \blue noise" characteristics of the halftone texture are destroyed near the stripe boundaries. These artifacts are most visible in midtone areas, and somewhat less visible in the shadow areas. In highlight areas the dots are sparse, so these boundary artifacts are much less visible.
Physicochemical and sensory optimisation of a low glycemic index ice cream formulation (2008)

Summary The development of a low glycemic index ice cream with as close as possible physicochemical properties and sensory quality compared with a sucrose‐sweetened ice cream was investigated. Three relatively new novel commercial sweeteners – tagatose, erythritol and trehalose – were studied, along with maltitol and polydextrose. Once the freezing curves were matched, other physicochemical properties also were found to match. Sweetness and sweet taste could then be adjusted for sensory optimisation with a combination of these sugars and supplementation with sucralose to boost the sweetness as necessary.
Waveform inversion for fracture-induced anisotropy (2013)

Recently, the petroleum industry has shown an increasinginterest in fractured reservoirs. Aligned fractures in theform of fracture swarms or fracture corridors can induceazimuthal anisotropy in rocks. The aim of this paper is toinvestigate the seismic signature of the fracture-inducedanisotropy and invert for the fracture parameters from thesecharacteristics. Firstly, we study fracture-induced HTIanisotropy based on elastic synthetic data where a periodicvariation of the events in an azimuthal gather is observed.Then, we quantify the strength of fracture-induced HTIanisotropy using the velocity ratio R of NMO velocity tovertical velocity. (Under the assumption of ellipticalanisotropy, the NMO velocity equals the horizontalvelocity along the symmetry axis of a HTI medium).Further, based on the theory of waveform inversion, wepropose an efficient method to invert the velocity ratio.Also, according to the equivalent medium theory, we buildthe connection between the velocity ratio R and fracturedensity in terms of gas-saturated cracks and fluid-saturatedcracks, which allows us to estimate the fracture density.Finally, this method is verified by applying it to three data sets: two elastic synthetic datasets with fracture-induced HTI anisotropy for gas-saturated cracks and fluid-saturated cracks respectively, and real data from a physical model with aligned fractures.
Pyrimidinylpyrroloquinolones as Highly Potent and Selective PDE5 Inhibitors for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (2002)

A series of N-pyrimidinylpyrroloquinolones were discovered as extremely potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors. Representative compounds demonstrated in vivo efficacy in dog erectile dysfunction models and are orally bioavailable.
SGXElide: enabling enclave code secrecy via self-modification (2018)

Intel SGX provides a secure enclave in which code and data are hidden from the outside world, including privileged code such as the OS or hypervisor. However, by default, enclave code prior to initialization can be disassembled and therefore no secrets can be embedded in the binary. This is a problem for developers wishing to protect code secrets. This paper introduces SGXElide, a nearly-transparent framework that enables enclave code confidentiality. The key idea is to treat program code as data and dynamically restore secrets after an enclave is initialized. SGXElide can be integrated into any enclave, providing a mechanism to securely decrypt or deliver the secret code with the assistance of a developer-controlled trusted remote party. We have implemented SGXElide atop a recently released version of the Linux SGX SDK, and our evaluation with a number of programs shows that SGXElide can be used to protect the code secrecy of practical applications with no overhead after enclave initialization.
Release Behavior of High Molecular Weight Solutes from Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Degradable Networks (2000)

Water-soluble PEG-based macromers containing oligomeric blocks of a hydrolyzable α-hydroxy acid were synthesized and photopolymerized to form degradable hydrogels to control the release of high molecular weight, hydrophilic solutes. First, network mesh size and volume swelling ratio during the degradation process were characterized to understand fundamentally the effect of hydrogel degradation kinetics and subsequent changes in network structure on solute release. Second, the release behavior was examined and related to the swelling and structural properties of the hydrogels; experimental results show that solute transport can be diffusion controlled or degradation controlled depending on the relative size of the hydrogel mesh size to the solute. Finally, the ability to tailor the release from multilaminated biodegradable hydrogels to obtain an approximate zero-order release profile was studied theoretically.
Diseño de un sistema biométrico de identificación usando sensores capacitivos para huellas dactilares (2007)

A fingerprint, biometric recognition system was designed. The system is based on the digital processing of fingerprints of 256 x 300 pixels, which are recorded by a capacitive sensor and then transmitted to a PC by means of a communication
Impact of mobility on convergence rate in a wireless sensor network (2017)

Consensus building in wireless sensor networks (WSN's) has been studied extensively over a number of years. However, the role of mobile nodes in a network has not been fully explored. This paper shows that introducing mobility increases the rate of convergence in partially connected and disconnected WSN. It also shows that selection of mobile nodes influences the rate of convergence. The mobile node selection scheme presented here takes advantage of the fact that some nodes are more “central” and “critical” than others and selecting them as mobile nodes can help reach consensus faster. By representing WSN as an undirected graph and analyzing various properties of the nodes, including centrality and position, a simple and effective strategy to select mobile nodes has been presented. Simulation results verify that introducing mobility coupled with an appropriate selection of mobile nodes leads to faster convergence.