gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A clinical investigation of the efficacy of two dentifrices for controlling oral malodor and plaque microflora overnight. (2008)

The overall results of this double-blind clinical study support the conclusion that a single evening's use of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan/2.0% PVM/MA copolymer/0.243% sodium fluoride in a 17% dual silica base provides statistically significantly lower levels of overnight (12-hour) oral malodor and plaque microflora when compared to a commercially available dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base.
An analytical technique for the determination of spectral components of multilevel carrier-based PWM methods (2002)

This paper presents an analytical approach for determining the spectral components of multilevel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies, which avoids the problems of spectral leakage, roundoff, and subtle programming errors associated with the more usual approach of using discrete Fourier transforms of simulated switched waveforms. The approach uses a double Fourier integral formulation to analyze the inverter switched output, establishing the inner and outer integral limits of this formulation under conditions of natural sampling, regular sampling, and overmodulation. Closed-form and numerical integration solutions are presented for phase disposition PWM of a diode-clamped inverter to illustrate the technique, together with a comparison of theoretical and experimental spectral results for the naturally and asymmetric regularly sampled cases to confirm the validity of the approach.
Battery Operated 16m Dram With Post Package Programmable And Variable Self Refresh (2005)

with wide operating voltage range of 1.8~ to 3.6~ for battery based portable applications. Low power during data retention is obtained with Vcc and temperature variable self refresh which is programmable after packaging using electrical fuses. High performance is achieved at low voltage with dual VPPs for well bias and on-chip high voltage power supply, dual threshold voltages for NMOS and voltage variable sensing control. The 16M has a measured RAS access time of 58ns at 1.8~ and 83°C. This paper describes a I6M DRAM
Identification of the Histidine Ligands to the Binuclear Metal Center of Phosphotriesterase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis (1994)

In order to identify which of the seven histidines in phosphotriesterase participate at the active site/binuclear metal center of the enzyme, site-directed mutagenesis has been employed to change, individually, each of the seven histidine residues to asparagine. In addition, the gene for the wild-type enzyme has been subcloned without its leader sequence behind a modified ribosomal binding site, leading to a 5-fold increase in protein expression. The seven mutants, H55N, H57N, H123N, H201N, H230N, H254N, and H257N, exhibit varying degrees of activity compared to the wild-type enzyme. The H123N and H257N mutants are as active as the wild-type enzyme, but all of the other mutant enzymes have 10% or less activity. The metal content of the cobalt-purified mutant enzymes has been determined to be less than that of the wild-type enzyme in all cases. Each of the mutant enzymes has been converted to apoenzyme and reconstituted with 2 equiv of zinc(II), cadmium(II), or cobalt(II). The kinetic parameters, Vmax and V/Km, and apparent pKa's have been determined for each of the reconstituted enzyme derivatives. In almost all cases, the apparent pKa's have shifted toward higher values. The pH-rate profiles for some of the reconstituted mutant enzymes are significantly different from those for the wild-type enzyme, indicating that other groups may become involved in the reaction mechanism upon mutation of the histidine residue to asparagine. His-123 is the only histidine residue that appears to have no involvement in the catalytic activity of phosphotriesterase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling Framework and Software Tools for Walking Robots (2005)

In research on passive dynamic walking, the aim is to study and design robots that walk naturally, i.e., with little or no control effort. McGeer [1] and others (e.g. [2, 3]) have shown that, indeed, robots can walk down a shallow slope with no actuation, only powered by gravity. In this work, we derive mathematical models of walking ro- bots to better understand the dynamics that determine the walking behavior, and to design controllers that e.g. in- crease robustness against changing environments. We use the port-Hamiltonian framework, as it has the advantage of explicitly showing energy-flows inside and into the system. Thus, it allows a direct efficiency study as well as the possi- bility to connect external elements in a ‘physical’ way using ports, instead of using just torque/force signals.
P3–397: Functional analysis of the protease active site domain of presenilin: Implications for γ–secretase substrate identification (2006)

γ–Secretase is a multisubunit complex that catalyzes intramembrane cleavage of APP, a substrate key to Alzheimer‘s disease pathogenesis, and of Notch, a substrate crucial for cell differentiation. How γ–secretase recognizes and selects substrates is currently barely understood. Recent data suggest that its subunit nicastrin (NCT) serves as an initial substrate receptor, which might subsequently forward substrates to the active site domain located in its catalytic subunit presenilin (PS), where an additional substrate binding site has been proposed. To identify sequence determinants in the PS active site domain possibly involved in γ–secretase substrate identification. To further characterize the PS active site domain, in particular the role of the conserved GxGD protease active site motif. Mutants of the PS active site domain were generated. The constructs were assessed for γ–secretase activity towards APP and Notch substrates in embryonic fibroblast cells derived from PS1/2–/– knockout mice cells or in HEK293 cells. In addition, the mutants were tested for their rescuing activity of a Notch–signaling deficient C. elegans sel–12 mutant. When the active site domain of PS1 located in transmembrane domains 6 and 7 was exchanged with that of the C. elegans sperm protein SPE–4, the most distant PS homologue, the chimeric protein, PS1/SPE–46/7, supported APP but not Notch processing. In addition, PS1/SPE–46/7 was strongly impaired in C. elegans Notch signaling in vivo. Mapping experiments identified a single amino acid at position × (amino acid 383 in PS1) of the GxGD active site motif in transmembrane domain 7 of PS to be responsible for the observed defect in Notch processing and signaling. Our data thus implicate a role of the PS active site domain in APP/Notch substrate selectivity of γ–secretase. We have also generated mutants of G382 of PS1 to further assess the functional role of the GxGD motif. The progress on these studies will be presented.
Association of Fibrosis With Mortality and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2013)

Assessment of midwall fibrosis with LGE-CMR imaging provided independent prognostic information beyond LVEF in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The role of LGE-CMR in the risk stratification of dilated cardiomyopathy requires further investigation.
XTream (2009)

Personal information processing is an important and difficult challenge due to the many constraints involved and the need for open, easy to use systems. In the XTream project, we envision an extensible runtime platform and programming model that support users in easily defining complex data stream processing chains that can be arbitrarily connected to the streams of other users. The platform is based on modularization and service orientation to provide extensibility and handle the dynamism immanent in personal information processing applications. In this short paper we outline the most important aspects of the project.
Diagnostics and Signals Pointing to a Change (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Signals and measurements Defects Analysis of signals Some considerations regarding broken bar defects Evaluation of the severity of broken bars
Diaryl Sulfoxides from Aryl Benzyl Sulfoxides: A Single Palladium‐Catalyzed Triple Relay Process (2013)

Abstract A novel approach to produce diaryl sulfoxides from aryl benzyl sulfoxides is reported. Optimization of the reaction conditions was performed using high‐throughput experimentation techniques. The [Pd(dba) 2 ]/NiXantPhos catalyst system successfully promotes a triple relay process involving sulfoxide α‐arylation, CS bond cleavage, and CS bond formation. The byproduct benzophenone is formed by an additional palladium‐catalyzed process. It is noteworthy that palladium‐catalyzed benzylative CS bond cleavage of sulfoxides is unprecedented. A wide range of aryl benzyl sulfoxides, as well as alkyl benzyl sulfoxides with various (hetero)aryl bromides were employed in the triple relay process in good to excellent yields (85–99 %). Moreover, aryl methyl sulfoxides, dibenzyl sulfoxides, and dimethylsulfoxide could be utilized to generate diaryl sulfoxides involving multiple catalytic cycles by a single catalyst.
Compound‐specific bromine isotope ratio analysis using gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry (2016)

The GC/qMS method for bromine isotope analysis shows a good performance and can be applied routinely for studying transformations of BOCs. Due to the observed dependence of the measured isotope ratios on the amount of the analyte and the calculation scheme applied, normalization of the results versus appropriate standards is required for source attribution applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of cooperative genes for NUP98-HOXA9 in myeloid leukemogenesis using a mouse model (2004)

The chromosomal translocation t(7; 11)(p15;p15), observed in human myeloid leukemia, results in a NUP98 and HOXA9 gene fusion. We generated a transgenic mouse line that specifically expressed the chimeric NUP98-HOXA9 gene in the myeloid lineage. While only 20% of the transgenic mice progressed to leukemia after a latency period, myeloid progenitor cells from nonleukemic transgenic mice still exhibited increased proliferative potential. This suggested that the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion induced a preleukemic phase, and other factors were required for complete leukemogenesis. NUP98-HOXA9 expression promoted the onset of retrovirus-induced BXH2 myeloid leukemia. This phenomenon was used to identify cooperative disease genes as common integration sites (CISs). Meis1, a known HOX cofactor, was identified as a CIS with a higher integration frequency in transgenic than in wild-type BXH2 mice. By the same means we identified further 4 candidate cooperative genes, Dnalc4, Fcgr2b, Fcrl, and Con1. These genes cooperated with NUP98-HOXA9 in transforming NIH 3T3 cells. The system described here is a powerful tool to identify cooperative oncogenes and will assist in the clarification of the multistep process of carcinogenesis.
Evaluation of Magneto-optic Pixels in Spatial Light Modulators Composed of Magnetophotonic Crystals by means of a Magneto-optical Microscope with OPO Wavelength Variable Laser System (2010)

To evaluate magnetization process of pixels in magneto-optic spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) with one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs), a magneto-optic microscope composed of optical parametric oscillator (OPO) wavelength variable laser system was developed. The observation results show that the microscope is effective for accurate determination of magneto-optic rotation angle of samples exhibiting strong wavelength dependence, such as the case of MPCs, because of the very narrow wavelength width of the OPO laser system. The magnetization process of the MPC pixels was found to be unique, where tiny magnetic clusters change their direction almost irrespectively to each other, and the resultant pixel exhibit gray-scale color depending on the number of magnetic clusters whose magnetization switched its direction.
Visceral analgesia induced by acute and repeated water avoidance stress in rats: sex difference in opioid involvement (2012)

When monitored non-invasively, psychological stress induces an immediate poststress visceral analgesia mediated by an opiate signaling system in females while naloxone-independent in males, and hyperalgesia at 24 h after repeated stress only in females. These data highlight the importance of sex-specific interventions to modulate visceral pain response to stress.
Going beyond auto‐ID: a service‐oriented smart items infrastructure (2007)

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to show that smart item technologies, like RFID and sensor networks, are considered the next big step in business process automation. Through automatic real‐time data acquisition, these technologies can provide benefits to a variety of industries by improving the efficiency of their operations. A service‐oriented infrastructure is proposed that enables the integration of RFID, wireless sensor networks and embedded systems technologies with existing business processes. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the system requirements of a smart items infrastructure in detail. Based on these requirements, the overall infrastructure and the constituting components are introduced. Also, using two real‐world scenarios, it is shown how the proposed infrastructure can be used. Findings The paper found a set of technical requirements for a smart items infrastructure. The research resulted in the architectural design presented. Originality/value To the best of one's knowledge, this paper is the first to identify and explain the technical requirements for a holistic smart items infrastructure. The service‐oriented system architecture provides a new approach to a flexible/adaptable infrastructure for ubiquitous computing. By pointing out requirements and open issues, the paper identifies interesting topics for future research in this area.
Diacetylenic phosphatides: a new class of biomaterials (2003)

Studies on polymerizable phospholipids, are reported with an emphasis on diacetylenic lipids. By incorporating a diacetylenic moiety two specific goals are achieved; (1) modification of membrane morphologies, and (2) stabilization of the resultant microstructures. To explore the properties of diacetylenic phosphatides, the authors have synthesized and characterized a number of phospholipids. This report deals with the properties of aqueous dispersion of these diacetylenic lipids.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Formation of a Mixed Organolithium Aggregate Li4R2nBu2 during the Heteroatom‐Assisted Lithiation of 1,3‐Bis(dimethylaminomethyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene (R = 2,6‐(CH2NMe2)2‐3,5‐Me2C6HCH2) (1995)

Lithiated 1 and unreacted n-butyllithium in a 2:2 ratio make up the title aggregate 2, which is formed in the reaction of 1 with two equivalents of n-butyllithium (shown below). Species such as 2 can be regarded as intermediates in heteroatom-facilitated lithiation reactions.
Dynamic mechanical properties of films of copolyimides based on semi-flexible and rigid rod segments. (1990)

半屈曲性のポリ [N, N'- (オキシジ-p-フェニレン) ピロメリトイミド] (PIOD) と剛直鎖棒状のポリ [N, N'- (p-フエニレン) ピロメリトイミド] (PIPD) からなるランダム及びブロック共重合体フィルムについて, 動的粘弾性の測定を行った. 貯蔵弾性率E'と損失弾性率E''の温度分散を調べた結果, いずれの共重合体もPIPD成分が増すにつれて, E'の値が単調に大きくなること, また, E''曲線の395℃付近の主分散ピーク温度 (PIODのガラス転移点に相当) が単調に上昇することが明らかとなった.
Modeling Traveling Waves Using Mode Superposition (2010)

Analysis of the data from two Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) experiments conducted in the Gulf Stream on a 500-foot-long, 1.43 inches diameter, flexible, tension dominated riser model revealed that the response is predominantly characterized by the presence of traveling waves. It was also observed that the location of the VIV excitation region (power-in) affects the characteristics of the response. The conventional method of modeling the excitation force as a standing wave was found inadequate to predict the location of the peak measured response accurately, especially in the cases where the excitation region is close to a boundary (the ends of the riser model). A modified excitation force model consisting of a combination of standing and traveling wave excitation regions is demonstrated to predict the location of the peak response more accurately. This work presents the idea of modifying the VIV excitation model to include traveling wave characteristics and using mode superposition method for computing the response to this modified force. Examples of the implementation of this method are shown for the two distinct cases of the location of the power-in region — the power-in region adjacent to the boundary and the power-in region away from the boundary. Depending on the location of the power-in region, different proportions of standing and traveling wave excitations are used to yield predicted responses that match the measured response characteristics.
Quantifying the estimation of 3-D bistatic RCS from TE mode 2-D RCS for metallic scatterers (2013)

We quantify the discrepancy between radar cross section (RCS) of long cylindrical scatterers and RCS of infinite structure with the same cross-section. The scatterers are made of perfect electric conductor and are excited so that vector of electric field is perpendicular to the cylinder axis. We use method of moments (MoM) for numerical analysis. The results show that if the cylinder is longer than 10 wavelengths, the 3-D RCS can be predicted with mean squared discrepancy less than 1 dB using 2-D analysis.
Development of a multi-modal, flexible tactile sensing skin using polymer micromachining (2004)

Inspired by the superior functionality of biological skin, we report a first multi-modal, flexible, and robust tactile sensing skin based on polymer substrates. The demonstrated device successfully incorporates multiple sensor modalities into a compact "node" for evaluating contact forces and film curvature, as well as the relative hardness, thermal conductivity, and temperature of the contacted object. Sensing is accomplished via thin film metal gold heaters, nickel RTDs (Resistance Temperature Device), and NiCr (nichrome) strain gauges. Built on a micromachined polyimide (DuPont Kapton HN200) film, the sensors provide qualitative measurements of contact object properties. Experimental characterization of the sensors' performance presented.
Metabolic Engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> KO11 with the NADH Regeneration System for Enhancing Ethanol Production (2018)

Cofactor regulation for the production of reduced metabolites, such as ethanol, plays an important role in the metabolic pathways of microorganisms. In this study, the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in the ethanologenic strain Escherichia coli KO11 was increased by the overexpression of formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae. To avoid the generation of pyruvate-derived byproducts, genes coding for the lactate- and acetate-producing pathways were successfully deleted using genome editing based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In the culture of the constructed strain, the NADH regeneration system increased the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in the presence of formate, leading to enhanced ethanol production; the amount of ethanol produced was 36% more than that produced by the original KO11 strain in culture for 24 h. A detailed investigation revealed that the transient pyruvate accumulation plays a key role in the enhanced ethanol production using the NADH regeneration system.
Multivariate Curve Resolution Methods in Imaging Spectroscopy:  Influence of Extraction Methods and Instrumental Perturbations (2003)

Imaging spectroscopy is becoming a key field of analytical chemistry. In the face of more and more complex samples, we actually need accurate microscopic insight. Nowadays, the methods used to produce concentration maps of the pure compounds from spectral data sets are based on the classical univariate approach although multivariate approaches are sometimes investigated. But in any case, the analytical quality of the chemical images thus provided cannot be discussed since no reference methods are at our disposal. Thus the proposed research focuses on the application of multivariate methods such as Orthogonal Projection Approach (OPA), SIMPLE-to-use Self-modeling Mixture Analysis (SIMPLISMA), Multivariate Curve Resolution - Alterning Least Squares (MCR-ALS), and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) for imaging spectroscopy. A systematic and quantitative characterization of the accuracy of spectra and images extraction is investigated on mid-infrared spectral data sets. Of special interest is the influence of instrumental perturbations such as noise and spectral shift on the extraction ability to access the algorithm's robustness.
Optical communication with invisible photons (2013)

It has long been assumed physical particles have to travel between two parties in empty space for exchanging information. However, by using the “chained” quantum Zeno effect, we show, in the ideal asymptotic limit, information can be transferred without any physical carriers.
Safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (2018)

Our study suggests that laparoscopic colorectal surgeries in patients with VPS without any manipulations may be safe. Future studies should aim to better standardize the perioperative management of VPS during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Surface ionization wave in a plasma focus-like model device (2008)

A numerical particle in cell-Monte Carlo model of the breakdown in the plasma focus device simulates the development of an ionization wave sliding along the insulator. In order to validate this model a planar model device is created. The pictures of the discharges taken by a fast optical camera show that we have qualitative agreement between the model and the experimental observations.
Multidimensional Scaling: Approximation and Complexity (2021)

Metric Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a classical method for generating meaningful (non-linear) low-dimensional embeddings of high-dimensional data. MDS has a long history in the statistics, machine learning, and graph drawing communities. In particular, the Kamada-Kawai force-directed graph drawing method is equivalent to MDS and is one of the most popular ways in practice to embed graphs into low dimensions. Despite its ubiquity, our theoretical understanding of MDS remains limited as its objective function is highly non-convex. In this paper, we prove that minimizing the Kamada-Kawai objective is NP-hard and give a provable approximation algorithm for optimizing it, which in particular is a PTAS on low-diameter graphs. We supplement this result with experiments suggesting possible connections between our greedy approximation algorithm and gradient-based methods.