gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation of Maintenance Strategies for Steam Generator Tubes Using Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics and Financial Method (2004)

As an application of probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) and a financial method, risk-benefit analyses were performed for the purpose of optimizing maintenance activities of steam generator (SG) tubes used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Parameters such as in-service inspection (ISI) detection accuracy, ISI interval, sampling inspection, replacement of SGs and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) allowance operation were selected for sensitivity analyses. In the analysis of the operation introducing maintenance criteria, the effect of quantitative accuracy of the inspection was also taken into account. Although the analyses were mainly conducted for SG tubes made of Inconel 600 mill anneal (MA) materials, the analyses were also performed for SCC-resistant materials with making assumptions on their crack initiation probabilities and crack propagation laws. To justify whether or not it is worth while implementing the selected maintenance strategies in terms of an economic point of view, net present value (NPV) was calculated as an index which is one of the most fundamental financial indices for decision-making based on the discounted cash flow (DCF) method.
Treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting with ondansetron: a randomized, double-blind comparison with placebo. (1991)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common after recovery from general anesthesia. The antiemetic effect and safety of ondansetron, a selective serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, was determined in 36 patients suffering from nausea or vomiting during recovery from intravenous anesthesia by giving either a single intravenous dose of ondansetron (8 mg, n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) over 2-5 min in a randomized, double-blind manner. A "rescue" antiemetic was provided in case of continued vomiting or at the patient's request. Antiemetic efficacy was defined as no request for rescue antiemetic and/or no vomiting episode during the next 4 h. There was no significant difference in the demographic data between the groups. Administration of ondansetron or placebo had no significant effect on vital signs. Ondansetron was an effective antiemetic in 78% (14/18) and placebo was effective in 28% (5/18) of the patients. Laboratory studies 24 h later showed no signs of hematologic, hepatic, or renal alterations. Ondansetron at a dose of 8 mg administered intravenously over 2-5 min appears to be a safe and effective antiemetic for the treatment of nausea and/or vomiting after intravenous anesthesia.
Immune Suppressive Effects of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Mouse Bone-Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered valuable sources for cell therapy because of their immune regulatory function. Here, we investigated the effects of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) on the differentiation, maturation, and function of dendritic cells (DCs). We examined the effect of T-MSCs on differentiation and maturation of bone-marrow- (BM-) derived monocytes into DCs and we found suppressive effect of T-MSCs on DCs via direct contact as well as soluble mediators. Moreover, T cell proliferation, normally increased in the presence of DCs, was inhibited by T-MSCs. Differentiation of CD4(+) T cell subsets by the DC-T cell interaction also was inhibited by T-MSCs. The soluble mediators suppressed by T-MSCs were granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), RANTES, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Taken together, T-MSCs exert immune modulatory function via suppression of the differentiation, maturation, and function of BM-derived DCs. Our data suggests that T-MSCs could be used as a novel source of stem cell therapy as immune modulators.
A 1.2-GS/s 8-b silicon bipolar track & hold IC (1996)

An Si bipolar all-NPN track & hold (T&H) IC is presented for operation up to 2 GS/s. It is based on a switched emitter-follower design. The total harmonic distortion is less than -52.4 dB, corresponding to 8.4 b, up to 1.2 GS/s over the full Nyquist band. Fabricated in a 25 GHz f/sub T/ 0.4 /spl mu/m emitter width production technology, the IC consumes 460 mW, excluding the test buffer. The transistor count is 67. The T&H lends itself as a building block for multistage high-speed 8-b A/D-converters.
Summary Statistics for LC_HT01_130808: Micro-CT Data Acquired at LLNL, Specimen 1 of 3 (2013)

Using x-ray micro computed tomography (MicroCT), we have characterized the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), μ, of a sample of a dry powder material, lithium carbonate (LC). The specimen was prepared at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), loaded into a 60mL low density polyethylene (LDPE) bottle. After completed packing, the specimen was scanned following the protocol for MicroCT measurements under Test Plan 79. This particular specimen, LC_HT01_130808, recorded the bulk packing density (mass of sample divided by volume of sample) shown above. Two additional preparations were made and analyzed. We used the computer program IMGREC to reconstruct the CT images. The values of the key parameters used in the x-ray data capture and image reconstruction are given in this report. Additional experimental details may be found in the SOP and a separate document. To characterize the statistical distribution of LAC values in each CT image, we first isolated an ~80% region or segment of volume elements (“voxels”) lying completely within the sample, away from the walls of the container. We then calculated the mean value, standard deviation and entropy for (a) the high and low energy image segments and for (b) their digital gradient images. The statistics of the initial image of LAC values are called “first order statistics;” those of the gradient image, “second order statistics.” See Seetho for details of the analysis used to obtain the numbers reported in this document.
CTNNB1 mutation associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) phenotype (2016)

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare genetic disorder of retinal vascular development that can result in retinal detachment and blindness.1 A pathologic hallmark of FEVR is periphe...
Agent based coordination of distributed energy storage devices in future distribution grids (2015)

Due to the increasing share of distributed energy resources, which will be integrated into the electrical grid within the next decades, innovative grid structures and management concepts are required to ensure a reliable supply of electrical energy in the future. The integration of energy storage devices will become more and more important in this context to ensure the stability of the electrical system. Within this paper, an energy storage management system will be presented, which uses the multi agent system approach to coordinate distributed energy storage devices in future distributions grids. Thereby, the storage devices operate in a virtual energy storage. The agent based realization of the virtual energy storage, as well as its application will be presented in this paper. Thereby, a case study is used to demonstrate the suitability of the agent based management of several energy storage devices in future distribution grids.
Effect of Morphine in Combination with Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol on Operant Behavior (1980)

Using a discrete-trial avoidance-escape schedule in rats the interactions of morphine (M), chlorpromazine (C) and Haloperidol (H) were studied. All three drugs given alone or in combination disrupted operant behavior. At low doses C and H potentiated each other's effect, while at high doses antagonism could be observed. When combinations of M with C or H were tested, no antagonism or synergism was detected. Based on the statistical considerations used, it seems to be confirmed that the reflex inhibitory action of neuroleptics and M are mediated by independent receptor populations.
Loss of Elongation Factor P Disrupts Bacterial Outer Membrane Integrity (2011)

Elongation factor P (EF-P) is posttranslationally modified at a conserved lysyl residue by the coordinated action of two enzymes, PoxA and YjeK. We have previously established the importance of this modification in Salmonella stress resistance. Here we report that, like poxA and yjeK mutants, Salmonella strains lacking EF-P display increased susceptibility to hypoosmotic conditions, antibiotics, and detergents and enhanced resistance to the compound S-nitrosoglutathione. The susceptibility phenotypes are largely explained by the enhanced membrane permeability of the efp mutant, which exhibits increased uptake of the hydrophobic dye 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). Analysis of the membrane proteomes of wild-type and efp mutant Salmonella strains reveals few changes, including the prominent overexpression of a single porin, KdgM, in the efp mutant outer membrane. Removal of KdgM in the efp mutant background ameliorates the detergent, antibiotic, and osmosensitivity phenotypes and restores wild-type permeability to NPN. Our data support a role for EF-P in the translational regulation of a limited number of proteins that, when perturbed, renders the cell susceptible to stress by the adventitious overexpression of an outer membrane porin.
Health‐related quality of life and health status in adolescent and adult people with haemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors—A non‐interventional study (2021)

Adult and adolescent PwHA without FVIII inhibitors had HRQoL impairments regardless of whether they were treated with episodic or prophylactic standard care with FVIII.
CHCHD2 accumulates in distressed mitochondria and facilitates oligomerization of CHCHD10 (2018)

Mutations in paralogous mitochondrial proteins CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 cause autosomal dominant Parkinson Disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS/FTD), respectively. Using newly generated CHCHD2, CHCHD10 and CHCHD2/10 double knockout cell lines, we find that the proteins are partially functionally redundant, similarly distributed throughout the mitochondrial cristae, and form heterodimers. Unexpectedly, we also find that CHCHD2/CHCHD10 heterodimerization increases in response to mitochondrial stress. This increase is driven by differences in the proteins' stability and mutual affinity: CHCHD2 is preferentially stabilized by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and CHCHD10 oligomerization depends on CHCHD2 expression. Exploiting the dependence of CHCHD10 oligomerization on CHCHD2, we developed a heterodimer incorporation assay and demonstrate that CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 with disease-causing mutations readily form heterodimers. As we also find that both proteins are highly expressed in human Substantia nigra and cortical pyramidal neurons, mutant CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 may directly interact with their wild-type paralogs in the context of PD and ALS/FTD pathogenesis. Together, these findings demonstrate that differences in the stability and mutual affinity of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 regulate their heterodimerization in response to mitochondrial distress, revealing an unanticipated link between PD and ALS/FTD pathogenesis.
Introduction to ATM Networking (1995)

Part 1 Networking and ATM networking: older transfer mode networks the capabilities of ATM. Part 2 The ATM protocol stack: ATM network concepts and architecture ATM technology components lower layers ATM layer and ATM building ATM networks ATM network performance and considerations ATM and the future ATM and network service providers appendix.
Synthesis of Carbocyclic Spiro Compounds via Cycloaddition Routes (1978)

Cycloaddition reactions which lead to the formation of compounds with a free carbocyclic spiro linkage are reviewed. The reactions are classified by the type of Cycloaddition process which is formally occurring in the spiroannelation stage. This article complements two previous reviews on the formation of carbocyclic spiro compounds via intramolecular alkylation1 and rearrangement2 routes. 1. α-Elimination Routes 1.1. Dihalo- and Halocarbene Cycloaddition Reactions 1.2. Alkoxy- and Ethoxycarbonylcarbenes 1.3. 2-Cyclohexenylidene 1.4. Cycloalkylidenes from Halogen-Metal Exchange Reactions of 1,1-Dihalides 1.5. Bis[trimethylstannyl]dihalomethanes Thermolysis in Cyclohexene 1.6. Diphenylcyclopropenylidene from O-Cyclopropenyl Carbamate 2. 1,3- and 1,5-Elimination Reactions of HX 2.1. Dimethylvinylidenecarbene 2.2. 3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene (1,5-Elimination) 3. Photolytic Decarboxylation to a Carbene 4. Simmons-Smith Type Cyclopropanation Reactions 4.1. Unsaturated Alcohols and Ethers 4.2. α-Allenic Alcohols 4.3. Allenes 4.4. Olefins 4.5. Ketones 4.6. α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic Ketones 5. Bis[bromomethyl]mercury Methylene Transfer Reactions 6. Atomic Carbon Reactions 7. Carbenes from Diazo Compounds 7.1. Diazomethane and Substituted Diazoalkanes 7.2. Alkoxycarbonylcarbene Cycloaddition Reactions 7.3. Cyclic Diazo Compounds 8. [2π+2π] Cycloaddition Reactions 8.1. Thermal Cyclodimerization Reactions 8.2. Thermal Crossed Cycloaddition Reactions 8.3. Allene Oligomerization Reactions 8.4. o-Quinonoid-Allene Cyclization Reactions 8.5. Metal-Catalyzed Reactions 8.6. Photocycloaddition Reactions 9. [4π+2π] Cycloaddition Reactions 9.1. Olefin to Diene 9.2. Diene to Substituted Exocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones 9.3. Diene to α-Methylenecycloalkanones 9.4. Cyclodimerization Reactions of o-Quinonodimethane Intermediates 9.5. Cyclodimerization Reactions of 10-Methyleneanthrone 9.6. p-Quinone-Methide to Diene Adducts 9.7. Miscellaneous 6 Electron Cycloaddition Reactions 10. 8, 10, and 14π Electron Cycloaddition Reactions 10.1. [6π+2π] Cycloaddition Reactions 10.2. [8π+2π] Cycloaddition Reactions 10.3. [12π+2π] Cycloaddition Reactions
Printer optimization for Lenticular screening (2008)

Digital Halftoning refers to any process used to convert continuous-tone images into an arrangement of black and white pixels, creating the illusion of a continuous-tone image. Lenticular screening is the process of multiplexing multiple images together column-wise into a single image which is then printed onto the flat side of a lenticular lens array such that from a given angle only one of the component images is visible. Lenticular screening presents a unique challenge to digital halftoning as a new generation of halftoning algorithms are needed in order to reduce the errors in lenticular prints caused by both lack of correlation between neighboring pixels and printer distortion. In this paper, we have addressed the issue of printer distortion, attempting to reduce error in lenticular prints by achieving a higher level of control over the printer being used for the print. We took into account the influence of a printed pixel on the resulting gray-level of surrounding pixels, adjusting printer resolution to account for dot overlap from various channels in order to reduce blurring within prints.
In situ c-myc expression and genomic status of the c-myc locus in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. (1988)

We have studied the expression of the c-myc protooncogene and the cycle-dependent histone 4 gene at the cellular level by RNA:RNA in situ hybridization in 18 primary breast ductal adenocarcinomas. These tumors have previously been examined by Southern and Northern blot analysis for the genomic status of c-myc and its expression, respectively (Escot et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83: 4834-4838, 1986). Positive c-myc hybridization signals were associated with carcinoma cells in all cases, including tumors which had no apparent alterations of the c-myc locus. Steady-state levels of c-myc mRNA appeared heterogeneous in carcinomas with similar histology. High levels of hybridization were found in four of seven tumors with strong amplification of the c-myc locus. Similarly high levels of c-myc hybridization were detected in two of nine cases which had an apparently normal c-myc locus but comparatively low cellularity. In addition to carcinoma cells, dense clusters of infiltrating lymphocytes, present in three tumors, exhibited c-myc hybridization. The expression of the histone 4 gene failed to correlate with levels of c-myc expression. We conclude that in infiltrating ductal carcinomas: (a) the c-myc protooncogene is transcriptionally activated; (b) c-myc amplification is probably underestimated due to heterogeneous cellularity; (c) high-level c-myc amplification is related to high-level expression, but other unknown factors also may play a role; (d) differences in levels of c-myc expression may not only be attributed to differences in the growth fractions; and (e) c-myc mRNA in total RNA from biopsy samples may be contributed by infiltrating lymphocytes.
Heterodyne Method for Time Resolved Spectral Analysis of Fast Laser Wavelength Switching (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a highly sensitive heterodyne method for time resolved optical spectrum analysis of fast laser wavelength switching. The method achieves signal-to-noise ratios in excess of 50 dB and allows, for the first time, the direct measurement of the dynamic sidemode suppression ratio during fast laser channel transitions. Wavelength range and accuracy are determined by the reference external cavity laser, while temporal and wavelength resolution are set by electronic filtering. </para>
File migration and file replication: a symbiotic relationship (1996)

Much of the past research on file migration and file replication has examined these two resource management strategies in isolation or in an environment where they do not work together. We establish through simulation that these two strategies can be utilized simultaneously to potentially provide significant performance benefits over a system without file migration or replication. File replication can be viewed as a natural extension to file migration, and thus, we derive a dynamic file replication policy based on an established file migration heuristic: a file is migrated (or replicated) whenever a reduction in total mean response time of the file requests currently in the affected storage sites can be achieved. Through our performance model, we use simulation to establish the conditions under which our file migration/replication policies are beneficial in a distributed file system.
Linking Bisphosphonates to the Free Amino Groups in Fluoroquinolones: Preparation of Osteotropic Prodrugs for the Prevention of Osteomyelitis (2008)

Osteomyelitis is an infection located in bone and a notoriously difficult disease to manage, requiring frequent and heavy doses of systemically administered antibiotics. Targeting antibiotics to the bone after systemic administration may provide both greater efficacy of treatment and less frequent administration. By taking advantage of the affinity of the bisphosphonate group for bone mineral, we have prepared a set of 13 bisphosphonated antibacterial prodrugs based on eight different linkers tethered to the free amino functionality on fluoroquinolone antibiotics. While all but one of the prodrugs were shown in vitro to be effective and rapid bone binders (over 90% in 1 h), only eight of them demonstrated the capacity to significantly regenerate the parent drug. In a rat model of the disease, a selected group of agents demonstrated their ability to prevent osteomyelitis when used in circumstances under which the parent drug had already been cleared and is thus inactive.
Preliminary evaluation of a highly automated instrument for the selection of CD34+ cells from mobilized peripheral blood stem cell concentrates (2015)

CD34+ cells can be effectively selected from mobilized PBSC concentrates with the CliniMAC Prodigy, but the recovery of CD34+ cells and depletion of CD3+ cells was lower than with the semiautomated CliniMACS Plus Instrument.
Incidence of antiretinal antibodies in melanoma: screening of 77 serum samples from 51 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I-IV (2005)

The presence of antiretinal antibodies in patients with melanoma without ocular symptoms appears to be more common than previously suspected. Antibody activity similar to that ascribed to the MAR syndrome appears in some patients with melanoma who have no MAR-like retinopathy. Follow-up studies will determine if patients with antiretinal antibodies go on to develop MAR and if staining intensity and staining patterns change over the course of the disease.
Severe influenza A (H1N1)v in patients without any known risk factor (2009)

A proportion of pandemic flu cases requires critical care. Several risk factors are associated with progressive illness. The World Health Organization recommends prompt antiviral treatment when risk factors are present [1]. Nevertheless, in Rello and colleagues' work, 15 out of 32 critical pandemic flu patients did not have any risk factor [2].

In our hospital, 25 pandemic flu cases have been diagnosed by RT-PCR thus far. Three of these cases required critical care. Noteworthy, those patients had been visited in emergency services 2 to 3 days before. The clinical picture did not prompt the physician to prescribe any antiviral, and oseltamivir treatment was delayed 5 days or more. In contrast, in the group of patients who did not require critical care (22 patients), only three patients had a prior emergency visit (Fisher's exact test P = 0.009) and 18 patients received antiviral treatment in the first 48 hours of symptoms (Fisher's exact test P = 0.009).

In Rello and colleagues' study, the median number of days from illness onset to initiation of antiviral treatment was 4 days. Patients with risk factors were probably treated immediately, however, and patients without any risk factors were probably treated later. Some evidence suggests that early antiviral treatment is associated with a good prognosis [3]. Rello and colleagues may provide the mean of treatment delay days in patients without any risk factor and any putative differences with the rest of patients. Early antiviral treatment with active antiviral drugs may prevent severe cases in patients without any risk factor. The authors may also inform about any other difference in this group of patients.
Variation in Polyphenol Oxidase Activity and Quality Characteristics Among Hard White Wheat and Hard Red Winter Wheat Samples (1997)

ABSTRACT Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been related to an undesirable brown discoloration of wheat‐based end products. Consumer acceptance and product quality are generally decreased by the darkening phenomena. Two sets of wheat samples ( Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for variation in grain and flour PPO levels. Samples included 40 advanced experimental hard white winter wheat lines grown at two Kansas locations and 10 hard red winter wheat genotypes grown at three Nebraska locations. The variability in grain and flour PPO activities was influenced by growing location and population for the hard white wheat samples. There also was a significant influence of population by growing location interactions on PPO activity in both grain and flour. Genotype and growing location both contributed to variability in flour PPO activity among the hard red wheat samples. The variation in flour PPO activities among growing locations appeared larger than variation produced by genotypes tested for the hard red wheat samples. Quality parameters, such as wheat physical properties, flour protein and ash contents, grain color, and milling yield significantly correlated with grain and flour PPO activities. Among red wheat samples, flour PPO activity was related to 100 kernel weight, first reduction flour yield, and flour ash content. Grain PPO activity was related to variation in grain color observed among hard white samples. The relationship of quality characteristics with grain and flour PPO activities varied among white and red wheat samples.