gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SKILL (1993)

This paper describes an experience with Lisp as an extension language for a large electronics CAD environment and the role it plays in software design automation. This paper is not about extension languages in general, for an analysis of extension languages in CAD, see, [HNS90] and [Bar89]. Cadence is a full range supplier of software based Electronics CAD tools.
PneuMum: Impact from a randomised controlled trial of maternal 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on middle ear disease amongst Indigenous infants, Northern Territory, Australia (2015)

In a high risk population, our study was unable to demonstrate efficacy of 23vPPV in pregnancy against the co-primary outcomes of either all-cause infant ear disease or 23vPPV-type nasopharyngeal carriage at age 7 months. Efficacy against ear disease concurrent with carriage of vaccine-related serotypes (a more specific outcome) suggests 23vPPV in pregnancy may complement childhood pneumococcal vaccination programs.
Isolation and characterisation of wheat flour proteins. III.—Amino‐acid composition of Sephadex‐gel fractionated wheat flour proteins (1966)

Abstract Wheat flour proteins were extracted with 0·05 M ‐acetic acid, 0·01 M ‐sodium pyrophosphate buffer, pH 7·0, and 0.05 M ‐acetic acid after pyrophosphate buffer, and were fractionated by Sephadex‐gel filtration. Seventeen amino‐acids were determined by ion‐exchange Chromatography in hydrolysates of 19 protein extracts and fractions. Concentrations of amino‐acids with ionisable cationic chains and with hydroxylic groups, and of cystine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and methionine were higher, and of dicarboxylic acids, and their amides, and of proline were lower, in the pyrophosphate‐ than in the acetic acid‐extracted proteins. The distribution of amino‐acids in Sephadex‐gel separated fractions depended on the elution volume of the fraction. It was affected also by the system used in extracting the proteins from the flour and by the presence of salt‐dispersible proteins in the acetic acid‐extractable proteins.
Störungen des Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalts (2011)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
<title>IR interferometers using modern cameras</title> (1997)

Laser interferometers have been used widely in the optics and disk drive industries. Often the surface of the sample is either too curved to resolve the fringes or too rough to reflect the incident beam back into the interferometer. Illuminating at a graze incident angle effectively increases the equivalent wavelength, and hence the reflectivity, but the image of a circular aperture becomes elliptical. Lasers with a long IR wavelength seem to be the solution. However,the spatial resolution of the vidicon cameras is usually poor, and the image lag is often too long. These limit the accuracy of an IR phase-shifting interferometer. Recently, we have designed tow types of interferometers for 3.39 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers using an InSb array and a micro- bolometer array, respectively. These modern cameras have a high resolution and hence greatly extend the range of measurable material from a blank to a finished optics. Because the refractive index of the optical material at the IR wavelength is usually very high, the anti-reflection coating of the optics at IR is more critical than that at a visible wavelength. The interferometer's design, the resolution, the dependence of the fringe contrast on the sample roughness, and the measurement results of various samples are presented.
Fully Integrated Advanced Bulk FinFETs Architecture Featuring Partially-Insulating Technique for DRAM Cell Application of 40nm Generation and Beyond (2006)

For the first time, we have successfully fabricated fully integrated advanced bulk FinFETs featuring partially insulating oxide layers under source/drain (S/D), named Partially-Insulated- FinFETs (PI-FinFETs), to control sub-channel on the bottom part of the gate in bulk FinFETs and suppress punchthrough and junction leakage currents. We observed that the junction leakage is improved about 50%, Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) about 25%, and lifetime of Hot Carrier Effect (HCE) about 1 order in comparison with normal bulk FinFETs. Furthermore, we propose a novel PI-FinFET structure with pad-Polysilicon Side Contact (PSC) in bulk-Si to reduce Gate Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL) and increase Ion with improved SCE immunity. The simulation of novel structure shows that Ion, DIBL and GIDL is improved dramatically with the same Ioff in comparison with bulk FinFETs. This advanced structure is suitable for the miniaturization of GIDL of bulk FinFETs with improved Ion, Ioff and DIBL characteristics.
State and Disturbance Observers in Mechanical Sensorless Control of PMSM (2004)

Linear and nonlinear observers have found wide interest in mechanical sensorless control of PMSM. In this paper, we study the application of nonlinear state observers and linear disturbance observers to the sensorless control of PMSM modeled in a particular Park d-g reference frame. We prefer this frame because of its non-alternative variables. The stability of the augmented system is analyzed and the stability conditions are given. In order to improve the robustness of the system with respect to the parameter variations, an on-line parameter identification method may be added to presented observers. The simulation and experimental results illustrate the validity of the analytical approach and the efficiency of the proposed methods
A Flexible, Tendon-Controlled Device for Endoscopy (1993)

The high level of skill required to maneuver present-day, flexible endoscopes that are utilized in esophagoscopy and colonoscopy has prompted us to propose a new class of safer, more easily controlled devices. These devices are mechanical teleoperators with few degrees of freedom based on the famil iar bead chain with internal control cables. The study of the physics associated with the flexible control devices is carried out with respect to the design parameters of both the practical system and its envaronment. The suitable geometries for lock ing such a mechanism are presented herein. We introduce the "slide motion" scheme, which provides a smooth movement of the endoscope stem with only three continuously controlled degrees of freedom. Such movement is accomplished by imple menting a series of relative motions between an outer tube and intermittently stiff spines inside. The strength and stability of the locking mechanism, which exhibits intermittent stiffness, is also discussed.
Field-emission enhancement from change of printed carbon nanotube morphology by an elastomer (2006)

The surface morphology of screen-printed carbon nanotube films was modified by using the poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. The entangled carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles were broken up into individual free standing nanotubes to remarkably improve the field-emission characteristics over the as-deposited CNT film. In addition, the cathode film morphology of top-gated triode structures can be treated by using the proposed surface treatment technique, which is a low-cost process.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Casuarine Analogues: Effects of Structural Modifications at Ring B on Inhibitory Activity Towards Glucoamylase (2010)

Abstract We report the total synthesis of a series of pyrrolizidine analogues of casuarine ( 1 ) and their 6‐ O ‐α‐glucoside derivatives. The synthetic strategy is based on a totally regio‐ and stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of suitably substitutedalkenes and a carbohydrate‐based nitrone. We also report the evaluation of the biological activity of casuarine and its derivatives towards a wide range of glycosidases and a molecular modeling study focused on glucoamylase (GA) in which the binding modes of the newly synthesized compounds within the enzyme cavity are investigated. The results highlight the prominent structural features of casuarine and its derivatives that make them selective glucoamylase inhibitors.
In Vivo Isolation of a Metastatic Tumor Cell Variant Involving Selective and Nonadaptive Processes<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref>, <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref> (1981)

An investigation was done to determine whether spontaneous metastases that develop in a C3H mouse bearing the syngeneic UV-2237 fibrosarcoma are derived from specialized subpopulations of cells or represent an adaptation process to a local (organ) environment. Inbred C3H mice received sc injections of parent tumor and, 9 weeks later, 5 individual pulmonary metastases were harvested and established in culture. Cells from each of these metastases colonized in the lungs of normal recipient mice with significantly greater efficiency than did cells from the parent tumor. Mice received injections iv of cells from a cloned line of UV-2237 that produced few lung metastases. Cells from these metastases did not colonize in the lungs at a dramatically higher rate than did the parent clone. The growth per se of tumor cells into colonies in the lung is not sufficient by itself to endow cells with metastatic properties. The selection in vivo of cells with enhanced lung colonization does not require that the lung be used as a selective organ. A cell variant was selected for enhanced capacity to grow in the peritoneal cavity of normal recipients. This cell line was also found to have a high capacity to colonize in the lungs following introduction into the circulation. It was concluded that the growth of metastases in this murine tumor system was not due to adaptive processes but rather to selection by intrinsic properties of tumor cells.
An inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase, stress‐induced p21Waf‐1/Cip‐1, mediates hepatocyte mito‐inhibition during the evolution of cirrhosis† (2005)

During the evolution of cirrhosis, there is a relative decrease in volume percentage of hepatocytes and a relative increase in biliary epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. This is recognized histopathologically as a ductular reaction and leads to gradual distortion of the normal hepatic architecture. The final or decompensated stage of cirrhosis is characterized by a further decline in hepatocyte proliferation and loss of functional liver mass that manifests clinically as ascites, encephalopathy, and other signs of liver failure. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that p21-mediated hepatocyte mito-inhibition accelerates the evolution of cirrhosis using an established mouse model of decompensated biliary cirrhosis, p21-deficient mice, and liver tissue from humans awaiting liver replacement. Despite the same insult of long-term (12-week) bile duct ligation, mice prone to decompensation showed significantly more oxidative stress and hepatocyte nuclear p21 expression, which resulted in less hepatocyte proliferation, an exaggerated ductular reaction, and more advanced disease compared with compensation-prone controls. Mice deficient in p21 were better able than wild-type controls to compensate for long-term bile duct ligation because of significantly greater hepatocyte proliferation, which led to a larger liver mass and less architectural distortion. Mito-inhibitory hepatocyte nuclear p21 expression in humans awaiting liver replacement directly correlated with pathological disease stage and model of end-stage liver disease scoring. In conclusion, stress-induced upregulation of hepatocyte p21 inhibits hepatocyte proliferation during the evolution of cirrhosis. These findings have implications for understanding the evolution of cirrhosis and associated carcinogenesis. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS INVOLVED IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND APOPTOSIS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF PATIENTS WITH KETOSIS-PRONE TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. (2007)

Most obese African Americans with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) exhibit clinical and metabolic features of type 2 diabetes and are able to discontinue insulin therapy during follow-up. These patients are characterized as having ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus (KPDM). To examine the underlying mechanisms, we examined changes in phoshorylation and expression of apoptotic and signaling proteins in skeletal muscle in patients with KPDM. Methods Six obese normoglycemic subjects (control group) and seven patients presenting with blood glucose (BG) > 400 mg/dL and/or DKA underwent percutaneous needle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle. Muscle biopsies were homogenized in protein lysis buffer and samples from each group were analyzed in duplicate using a commercial antibody microarray. The microarray slides contained antibodies against 350 proteins involved in cell signaling and apoptosis. Changes in phosphorylation or expression by at least 40% were considered significant. Results KPDM subjects (age 37 years, BMI 39.6 kg/m2) had an admission blood glucose 564 mg/dL and HbA1c 11.4%, whereas age- and BMI-matched controls had a BG 84 mg/dL. In KPDM patients, hyperglycemia was associated with increased phosphorylation of six isoforms of PKC and with elevated muscle expression of four isoforms of protein phosphatases, signaling through Src, Shc1, MEK1/2, MEK3/6, RSK1/2, and activation of inhibitors of apoptosis STAT 1, 3, and 5. In patients with KPDM, we observed a decrease in phosphorylation and expression of antiapoptotic and proinflammatory proteins IKKalpha and NFkappaB p65, associated with reduced p53 expression. The abundance of heat shock proteins Hsp70, 47, 40, 20, 27 and GRP 57, 94 also decreased. In addition, there was reduced phosphorylation and expression of proapoptotic JAK2, JNK MAPK, jun, and STE20-like proteins. Conclusion Compared with nondiabetic subjects, skeletal muscle from patients with KPDM at presentation were characterized by alterations in phosphorylation and expression of proteins involved in intracellular signaling, trafficking, regulation of apoptosis, and stress response. Preliminary analysis of the data indicates that hyperglycemia is associated with predominant activation of antiapoptotic mechanisms, which contrasts previously described effects of hyperglycemia in other cell types. Supported by grants from the ADA (7-03-CR-35) and NIH: R03 DK073190-01, K12-RR017643, and GCRC M01 RR-00039.
Positional Cloning of the Gene for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-Type 1 (1997)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome characterized by tumors in parathyroids, enteropancreatic endocrine tissues, and the anterior pituitary. DNA sequencing from a previously identified minimal interval on chromosome 11q13 identified several candidate genes, one of which contained 12 different frameshift, nonsense, missense, and in-frame deletion mutations in 14 probands from 15 families. The MEN1 gene contains 10 exons and encodes a ubiquitously expressed 2.8-kilobase transcript. The predicted 610-amino acid protein product, termed menin, exhibits no apparent similarities to any previously known proteins. The identification of MEN1 will enable improved understanding of the mechanism of endocrine tumorigenesis and should facilitate early diagnosis.
Safety Assessment of Plant-Derived Fatty Acid Oils (2017)

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 244 plant-derived fatty acid oils as used in cosmetics. Oils are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products for their skin conditioning, occlusive, emollient, and moisturizing properties. Since many of these oils are edible, and their systemic toxicity potential is low, the review focused on potential dermal effects. The Panel concluded that the 244 plant-derived fatty acid oils are safe as used in cosmetics.
Hypervisor design considering network performance for multi-core CE devices (2010)

Recently, system virtualization has been applied to consumer electronics such as smart mobile phones. Although multi-core processors have become a viable solution for complex applications on consumer electronics, how to utilize the multi-core resources in virtualization layer is not researched sufficiently. In this paper, we present the hypervisor design and implementation for multi-core CE devices; the hypervisor targets to improve network performance by fully utilizing the multi-core processor.
Peptides (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Substrate Mimetics in Protease Catalysis: Characteristics, Kinetics, and Synthetic Utility (2002)

This article reviews the latest developments in protease-catalyzed peptide synthesis focusing on the use of substrate mimetics. The substrate mimetics approach takes advantage of the characteristic of this novel type of substrates to direct the enzyme to recognize an alternative site on the acyl donor, i.e. the site-specific ester leaving group, mediating the acceptance of originally poorly reactive acyl moieties. At first the kinetics and catalytic mechanism of substrate mimetics-mediated reactions are discussed on the basis of hydrolysis, peptide synthesis, protein-ligand docking, and molecular dynamics studies. By the example of the Glu-specific V8 protease and the aromatic amino acid-specific chymotrypsin both the empirical and computer-aided design of specific substrate mimetics is described. The influence of the leaving group specifically recognized by the enzyme is also considered. The benefits of these artificial substrates over common acyl donor components are illustrated by selected synthesis reactions of small peptides, peptide isosteres, non-peptidic carboxylic acid amides, and the coupling of peptide fragments at non-specific ligation sites resulting in biologically active peptide products. Finally, this review focuses on critical syntheses that uses specific-amino acid-containing peptides as the reactants of ligation. Based on these, the restrictions of the substrate mimetics approach is critically discussed and techniques to their overcoming are presented.
Magnetic‐Field‐Induced Modulation of Charge‐Recombination Dynamics in a Rosarin‐Fullerene Complex (2021)

Abstract Charge‐recombination processes are critical for photovoltaic applications and should be suppressed for efficient charge transport. Here, we report that an applied magnetic field (0–1 T) can be used control the charge‐recombination dynamics in an expanded rosarin‐C 60 complex. In the low magnetic field regime (&lt;100 mT), the charge‐recombination rate slows down due to hyperfine coupling, as inferred from transient absorption spectroscopic analyses. In contrast, in the high field regime, i.e., over 500 mT, the charge‐recombination rate recovers and increases because the Δg mechanism facilitates spin conversion to a triplet charge‐separated state (S to T 0 ) that undergoes rapid charge‐recombination to a localized rosarin triplet state. Therefore, we highlight the charge‐recombination rate and the localized triplet state population can be modulated by the magnetic field in charge donor/acceptor non‐covalent complexes.
Purification and properties of an extracellular lipase fromPythium ultimum (1993)

Abstract An extracellular triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Pythium ultimum strain No. 144 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and by diethylaminoethyl Sepharose CL‐6B and Sephacryl S−200 chromatography. The purified enzyme preparation showed a prominent polypeptide band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, associated with esterase activity according to activity staining. Molecular weight of the protein was estimated at 270 kD using gel filtration on Sephacryl S−200, and 68 kD by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicating that the enzyme may be a tetramer. The optimum pH and temperature for activity of the enzyme were 8.0 and 30°C, respectively. Activity was reduced by Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Sn 2+ and Mn 2+ and stimulated by Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + and surfactants such as taurocholic acid, Triton X−100, n ‐octyl glucoside, n ‐dodecyl‐β‐D‐maltoside, 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]‐1‐propanesulfonate(CHAPS), and 3‐[‐cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propanesulfonate. The apparent maximum specific activity was 42 μmole/min/mg in the absence of CHAPS and 77 μmole/min/mg in its presence. The reaction rate was progressively higher with increasing number of double bonds in the substrate, and the enzyme showed a preference for triacylglycerols containing fatty acids having the cis double bond configuration.
Symposium on financial structure and development : financial structure and economic development - a reassessment (2013)

While the literature on the effects of financial development is large, relatively few studies have examined whether and how financial structure - the mix of financial institutions and the services that they offer - matters for economic growth and inequality. Moreover, the literature has been largely silent about whether the relationships between financial structure and firm outcomes (performance and access to finance) change as a country develops. The group of papers published in this section helps to fill those gaps in the literature. The four that appear here were part of a larger conference on financial structure and economic development that took place at the World Bank on June 16, 2011. The authors use quantile regressions to assess the relationship between economic and financial development at each percentile of the distribution of economic development. Thus, the quantile regressions provide information on how the associations between economic development and both bank and securities market development change as countries grow richer.
Targeting the cancer cell cycle by cold atmospheric plasma (2012)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a technology based on quasi-neutral ionized gas at low temperatures, is currently being evaluated as a new highly selective alternative addition to existing cancer therapies. Here, we present a first attempt to identify the mechanism of CAP action. CAP induced a robust ~2-fold G2/M increase in two different types of cancer cells with different degrees of tumorigenicity. We hypothesize that the increased sensitivity of cancer cells to CAP treatment is caused by differences in the distribution of cancer cells and normal cells within the cell cycle. The expression of γH2A.X (pSer139), an oxidative stress reporter indicating S-phase damage, is enhanced specifically within CAP treated cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Together with a significant decrease in EdU-incorporation after CAP, these data suggest that tumorigenic cancer cells are more susceptible to CAP treatment.
Perturbation Analysis: A Complex Systems Pattern (2005)

Patterns are a tool that enables the collective knowledge of a particular community to be recorded and transmitted in an efficient manner. Initially developed in the field of architecture and later developed by software engineers [6], they have now been adopted by the complex systems modelling community [15]. It can be argued that, while most complex systems models are idiosyncratic and highly specify to the task for which they are constructed, certain tools and methodologies may be abstracted to a level at which they are more generally applicable. This paper presents one such pattern, Perturbation Analysis, which describes the underlying framework used by several analytical and visualisation tools to quantify and explore the stability of dynamic systems. The format of this paper follows the outline specified in [15].