gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Utilization of the Human Milk Oligosaccharides 2′-Fucosyllactose, 3-Fucosyllactose, and Difucosyllactose by Various Probiotic and Pathogenic Bacteria (2020)

Prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are found in human milk, which are not digested by infants but are metabolized by beneficial gut bacteria. We determined the ability of 57 bacterial strains within the Family Lactobacillaceae and genera <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i> and potentially pathogenic bacteria to ferment the HMOs 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, and difucosyllactose. In addition, prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactose, fucose, and glucose were evaluated as carbon sources for these bacterial strains. Bacterial growth was monitored using the automatic Bioscreen C system. Only certain bifidobacteria, such as <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp<i>. infantis</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i><i>,</i> as well as <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>, <i>Bacteroides vulgatus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> utilized the studied HMOs as their sole carbon source, whereas almost all studied bacterial strains were able to utilize GOS, lactose, and glucose. The selectivity in utilization of HMOs by only certain bacteria can be advantageous by promoting beneficial microbes but not supporting the harmful pathogens in contrast to other less selective prebiotics.
Hydroxyapatite gradient on poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels surface to mimic calcified cartilage zone for cartilage repair (2022)

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels are considered promising artificial articular cartilage. However, the weak attachment between PVA hydrogels and subchondral bone limit its application in the biomedical field. In this article, we present a new method to improve the mineralization of PVA hydrogels, and fabricate PVA hydrogels with continuously graded hydroxyapatite coating. The surface of the hydrogels was modified by dopamine self-polymerization and alendronate conjugation subsequently. Based on these, we used simulated body fluids to mineralize the hydrogels to mimic calcified cartilage zone. The modified surface of the PVA hydrogels showed excellent mineralization ability with continuously graded hydroxyapatite (HA). As the main component of human bones, HA can be chemically bonded body tissue on the interface, showing great biological activity. With the content of HA increasing, the cell adhesion ability of the hydrogels was enhanced, which helped the hydrogels integrate tightly with subchondral bone. These results demonstrate that the modified hydrogels could be promising substitutes for articular cartilage.
A novel 6T-SRAM cell technology designed with rectangular patterns scalable beyond 0.18 μm generation and desirable for ultra high speed operation (2002)

A novel 6T-SRAM cell layout designed with rectangular patterns has been developed. Employing this layout, 4.13 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 5.33 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cells with word transistor width of 0.25 /spl mu/m and 0.75 /spl mu/m are obtained, respectively, based on the 0.20 /spl mu/m rule. Among the various layouts of 6T-SRAM cells, this layout provides minimum cell size and the smallest bit line capacitance with word transistor width over 0.75 /spl mu/m for the ultra high speed operation. It is also demonstrated quantitatively that the optimized SRAM cell layout for high speed use is different from that for low power use. The cell layout proposed also provides the excellent scalability beyond 0.18 /spl mu/m generation due to its highly simplified pattern design.
Utility of diagnostic tests for detection of Helicobacter pylori in children in northeastern Mexico (2007)

This is the first report on prevalence of H. pylori in pediatric patients with RAP from the northeastern region of Mexico. The prevalence of H. pylori was low compared with the adult population in the same geographic region. Serology had the best diagnostic utility.
High-performance narrowband filter for atom-resonant quantum light generation (2012)

Spectral filters are indispensable elements in many quantum optics experiments. We present a Faraday anomalous dispersion filter based on optical properties of atomic vapor, which surpasses conventional interference filters in terms of key figures of merit.
Dynamics of the Central Bottleneck: Dual-Task and Task Uncertainty (2006)

Why is the human brain fundamentally limited when attempting to execute two tasks at the same time or in close succession? Two classical paradigms, psychological refractory period (PRP) and task switching, have independently approached this issue, making significant advances in our understanding of the architecture of cognition. Yet, there is an apparent contradiction between the conclusions derived from these two paradigms. The PRP paradigm, on the one hand, suggests that the simultaneous execution of two tasks is limited solely by a passive structural bottleneck in which the tasks are executed on a first-come, first-served basis. The task-switching paradigm, on the other hand, argues that switching back and forth between task configurations must be actively controlled by a central executive system (the system controlling voluntary, planned, and flexible action). Here we have explicitly designed an experiment mixing the essential ingredients of both paradigms: task uncertainty and task simultaneity. In addition to a central bottleneck, we obtain evidence for active processes of task setting (planning of the appropriate sequence of actions) and task disengaging (suppression of the plan set for the first task in order to proceed with the next one). Our results clarify the chronometric relations between these central components of dual-task processing, and in particular whether they operate serially or in parallel. On this basis, we propose a hierarchical model of cognitive architecture that provides a synthesis of task-switching and PRP paradigms.
Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Add-on Cannabidiol (CBD) for Treatment of Seizures Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) in an Open-Label Extension (OLE) Trial (GWPCARE6) (1127) (2021)

In this 2nd interim analysis of an OLE trial (GWPCARE6/NCT02544763), we report safety (full follow-up) and efficacy (through 72 weeks) of add-on CBD for treatment of TSC-associated seizures.
Variations in CPU Power Consumption (2016)

Experimental analysis of computer systems' power consumption has become an integral part of system performance evaluation, efficiency management, and model-based analysis. As with all measurements, repeatability and reproducibility of power measurements are a major challenge. Nominally identical systems can have different power consumption running the same workload under otherwise identical conditions. This behavior can also be observed for individual system components. Specifically, CPU power consumption can vary amongst different samples of nominally identical CPUs. This in turn has a significant impact on the overall system power, considering that a system's processor is the largest and most dynamic power consumer of the overall system. The concrete impact of CPU sample power variations is unknown, as comprehensive studies about differences in power consumption for nominally identical systems are currently missing. We address this lack of studies by conducting measurements on four different processor types from two different architectures. For each of these types, we compare up to 30 physical processor samples with a total sum of 90 samples over all processor types. We analyze the variations in power consumption for the different samples using six different workloads over five load levels. Additionally, we analyze how these variations change for different processor core counts and architectures. The results of this paper show that selection of a processor sample can have a statistically significant impact on power consumption. With no correlation to performance, power consumption for nominally identical processors can differ as much as 29.6% in idle and 19.5% at full load. We also show that these variations change over different architectures and processor types.
Free carrier distribution profiling of 4H-SiC substrates using a commercial optical scanner (2007)

Presented here is an explanation for the use of a commercial optical scanner for the mapping of doping density (ND) within SiC substrates and as a local probe for ND variations. This method provides a fast and cost effective method for determining ND homogeneity, examining local electrical characteristics, and recognizing defect sites including areas of different polytypes or polycrystallinity. Hall effect and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to calibrate the transmission amplitude, integrated area and scanner red, green, blue (RGB) luminance values with ND. It is shown that features presented in the calculated ND maps strongly correlate to those observed in Lehighton resistivity maps.
Mechanisms of Cardiac Fibrosis in Hypertension (2007)

Changes in the composition of cardiac tissue develop in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (ie, hypertensive heart disease) and lead to structural remodeling of the myocardium. One of these changes is related to the disruption of the equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of collagen types I and III molecules, which results in an excessive accumulation of collagen types I and III fibers within the myocardium. Myocardial fibrosis is the consequence of a number of pathologic processes mediated by mechanical, neurohormonal, and cytokine routes. The clinical relevance of fibrosis is that it may contribute to heart failure and other cardiac complications in patients with hypertensive heart disease. This brief review focuses on the mechanisms of hypertensive myocardial fibrosis.
DC and RF Performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC at High Temperatures (2008)

GaN-based transistors have demonstrated to be the most promising candidates for applications with high power and high frequency requirements, and working in harsh environments. They take advantage of some interesting properties of nitrides such as their thermal stability or high electron velocity, together with a high sheet carrier density (~1013 cm-2) provided by AlGaN/GaN heterostructures thanks to the favorable band offsets and internal piezoelectric fields. In above applications, transistors may work in small signal amplifiers under high ambient temperatures, or in power amplifiers where channel temperatures may increase significantly. Thus, high temperature (HT) operation and related reliability issues have become important research topics in GaN electronics. Although some works have been recently published about DC characterization of HEMTs at HT [1-5], there are few papers studying their behaviour at RF [4,5]. This work aims to understand the small signal performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC at HT, using DC and RF measurements combined with proper modeling and small signal parameters extraction.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations (2008)

PART I INTRODUCTION Definitions and severity of COPD exacerbations: Stephen Rennard and Nancy Kline Leidy Epidemiology of COPD exacerbations: David Mannino Differential diagnosis of COPD exacerbations: Peter Calverley PART II MECHANISMS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Symptom changes at exacerbations: Terry Seemungal Airway pathology at exacerbations: Marina Saetta Airway and systemic inflammatory markers at exacerbation: John Hurst Physiological changes at exacerbations: Dennis O'Donnell and Chris Parker Systemic consequences of COPD exacerbations: Emiel Wouters Mechanisms of respiratory failure at exacerbation: Roberto Rodriguez Roisin Role of respiratory viral infection at exacerbation: Wisia Wedzicha and Jennie Quint Do airway bacteria cause COPD exacerbations: Sanjay Sethi Interactions of airway pathogens and inflammatory processes: Alberto Papi Role of co-morbidity at COPD exacerbations: Bill MacNee, John Maclay and David McAllister Environmental causes of exacerbations: David Hui and Fanny Ko Mechanisms and pathophysiological changes in alpha-1 AT deficiency exacerbations: Rob Stockley Experimental models of COPD exacerbations: Jeff Curtis Comparison of asthma and COPD exacerbations: Sebastian Johnston PART III IMPACT OF EXACERBATIONS Exacerbations and health status: Paul Jones Risk factors for hospital admission: Judith Garcia Aymerich Effect of exacerbations on disease progression and mortality: Gavin Donaldson Health economic consequences of COPD exacerbations: Marc Miravitlles PART IV MANAGEMENT OF THE ACUTE EXACERBATION Use of bronchodilators and mucolytics at COPD exacerbations: Marc Decramer Corticosteroids in the management of acute exacerbations: Denis Niewoehner Antibiotic therapy at COPD exacerbations: Rob Wilson Non invasive ventilatory support: Mark Elliott and Stanley Miller Invasive ventilation and weaning at COPD exacerbation: Antonio Anzueto Oxygen therapy at exacerbations: Tony Davison and Luke Wilson End of life issues and COPD exacerbations: Anita Simonds Novel models of care for COPD exacerbations: Martyn Partridge Physiotherapy airway clearance at exacerbation: Christine Mikelsons and Rachel Garrod COPD exacerbation and pulmonary rehabilitation: Mike Polkey and William Mann PART V PREVENTION OF COPD EXACERBATION Pharmacological prevention of COPD exacerbations: Leo Fabbri Early intervention and self-management in exacerbation prevention: Jean Bourbeau Immunological interventions: Phillip Poole Home mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy: Gerry Criner and Nat Marchetti PART VI ISSUES FOR STUDIES OF COPD EXACERBATIONS Design of trials for COPD exacerbations: Fernando Martinez Statistical considerations for COPD exacerbation trials: Shawn Aaron Future development in COPD exacerbations: Peter Barnes
A Cloud Service Cache System Based on Memory Template of Virtual Machine (2011)

In data centers and cloud computing environments, the number of virtual machines (VMs) increases when the number of service requests increases. Since services are invoked on demand, the corresponding virtual machines will be created and shut down frequently. This makes the time of starting a virtual machine a crucial performance bottleneck for services in data centers. Besides, if virtual machines read image files from disks to start themselves, additional overhead to access disk will be generated. In this paper, we present a cloud service cache system based on memory template of virtual machines - VCache to improve the response time of cloud computing services, and to reduce the disk access overhead. This system can create and maintain service cache VMs through memory templates, which are snapshots of running virtual machines. By creating virtual machines from cached image files, the service running in these VMs can be deployed rapidly, which greatly reduces the launching time of the service and disk I/O load. We evaluate our system with experiments, and the experimental results show that the average time for creating a VM is reduced about 80% and the amount of data through disk access decreases more than 50%.
Production of antioxidant vitamins, β‐carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, by two‐step culture of Euglena gracilis Z (1997)

Euglena gracilis Z is one of the few microorganisms which simultaneously produces antioxidant vitamins such as β-carotene and vitamins C and E. Photoheterotrophically cultured E. gracilis Z produced larger levels of biomass but with a lower content of antioxidant vitamins than photoautotrophically grown cultures. For efficient production of these vitamins, a two-step culture was performed. Cells were grown photoheterotrophically and then transferred to photoautotrophic conditions. When E. gracilis Z cells were grown in fed-batch culture under photoheterotrophic conditions, their density reached 19 g/L after 145 h. Subsequent transfer of these cells to photoautotrophic conditions increased vitamin content, enhancing the total vitamin yields, which were 71.0 mg/L of β-carotene, 30.1 mg/L of vitamin E, and 86.5 mg/L of vitamin C. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Importance Of Donor Chondrocyte Viability in Osteochondral Allografting (2015)

Objectives: Osteochondral allografting (OCA) provides a biologic treatment option for functional restoration of large articular cartilage defects in multiple joints. While successful outcomes after OCA have been linked to viable donor chondrocytes, the importance of donor cell viability has not been comprehensively validated. The purpose of this study was to use a canine model to determine the importance of donor chondrocyte viability at the time of implantation with respect to functional success of femoral condylar OCAs based on gross, cell viability, histologic, biochemical, and biomechanical outcome measures. Methods: With IACUC approval, adult female dogs (n = 16) were implanted with 8-mm cylindrical osteochondral allografts from male dogs in the lateral and medial femoral condyles of one knee. Osteochondral allografts were preserved for 28 or 60 days after procurement and chondrocyte viability was quantified prior to implantation. Two different storage media, temperatures and time points were used in order to obtain a spectrum of %chondrocyte viability at the time of implantation. A successful outcome was defined as an osteochondral allograft that was associated with graft integration, maintenance of hyaline cartilage, lack of associated cartilage disorder, and lack of fibrillation, fissuring, or fibrous tissue infiltration of the allograft based on subjective radiographic, arthroscopic, gross, and histologic assessments at 6 months after implantation. Results: Chondrocyte viability ranged from 23% to 99% at the time of implantation. All successful grafts had greater than 70% chondrocyte viability at the time of implantation and no graft with chondrocyte viability &lt;70% was associated with a successful outcome. Live-dead stained sections and histologic findings with respect to cell morphology suggested that successful grafts were consistently comprised of viable chondrocytes in lacunae, while grafts that were not successful were comprised of non-viable chondrocytes with infiltration of fibroblasts from the surrounding recipient tissues. In situ PCR (FISH) assays were performed in an attempt to distinguish donor (male) cells from recipient (female) cells. Unfortunately, this technique was exceptionally difficult to perform on intact articular cartilage sections, and consistent, repeatable data could not be obtained from this testing. However, the data did support histologic and live-dead data, which strongly suggested that successful grafts retained viable donor (male) chondrocytes and unsuccessful grafts degraded and were replaced by fibrous tissue populated with recipient (female) fibroblasts. Conclusion: Viable chondrocytes in osteochondral allografts at the time of transplantation are primarily responsible for maintenance of donor articular cartilage health long term. Optimizing chondrocyte viability in all aspects of osteochondral allografting - including procurement, processing, storage, transportation, and surgical implantation - needs to be a primary focus for clinical use of OCA.
Bandpass Filtering Power Divider With High Selectivity And Wide Stopband Based On Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (2021)

A bandpass filtering power divider (FPD) using integrated substrate gap waveguide (ISGW) technology is proposed, which has high selectivity and wide stopband. The filtering power divider includes three-layer substrates. The top layer substrate realizes a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) using periodic plated vias and metallic patches. It is applied for packaging filter power divider composed of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip to avoid interference and losses induced by external radiation emission and internal radiation leakage. The middle layer substrate generates a gap layer. and the bottom layer substrate etch the slots on the metal plane and place a metal through hole in the middle of the metal layer to generate resonance and transmission zeros, and connect the microstrip to form a filter power divider circuit. The results show that FPD has multiple transmission zeros, the passband is 13.2 to 15.5 GHz, and an insertion loss of -4 dB. The return loss in the passband is less than -15 dB, and the isolation below is -16.5 dB.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of a Thioaldehyde S‐Oxide (Sulfine) by Retro‐Diels‐Alder Reactions. (1987)

Abstract Oxidation of the cycloadduct (I), prepared from anthracene and ethyl thioxoacetate, with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid yields a mixture of the sulfoxides (II) which undergo thermal decomposition, producing ethyl thioxoacetate oxide.
Defining the spatial distribution of extracellular adenosine revealed a myeloid-dependent immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2023)

The formation of eAdo promotes the development of the immunosuppressive TME in PDAC, contributing to its resistance to conventional and novel therapies. Therefore, inhibition of the adenosine pathway may represent a strategy to modulate the PDAC immune milieu and improve therapy response in patients with PDAC.
Optimization of a Benzoylpiperidine Class Identifies a Highly Potent and Selective Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitor (2019)

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme degrading the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and it is involved in several physiological and pathological processes. The therapeutic potential of MAGL is linked to several diseases, including cancer. The development of MAGL inhibitors has been greatly limited by the side effects associated with the prolonged MAGL inactivation. Importantly, it could be preferable to use reversible MAGL inhibitors in vivo, but nowadays only few reversible compounds have been developed. In the present study, structural optimization of a previously developed class of MAGL inhibitors led to the identification of compound 23, which proved to be a very potent reversible MAGL inhibitor (IC<sub>50</sub> = 80 nM), selective for MAGL over the other main components of the endocannabinoid system, endowed of a promising antiproliferative activity in a series of cancer cell lines and able to block MAGL both in cell-based as well as in vivo assays.
Gradient algorithm applied to laboratory quantum control (2009)

The exploration of a quantum control landscape, which is the physical observable as a function of the control variables, is fundamental for understanding the ability to perform observable optimization in the laboratory. For high control variable dimensions, trajectory-based methods provide a means for performing such systematic explorations by exploiting the measured gradient of the observable with respect to the control variables. This paper presents a practical, robust, easily implemented statistical method for obtaining the gradient on a general quantum control landscape in the presence of noise. In order to demonstrate the method's utility, the experimentally measured gradient is utilized as input in steepest-ascent trajectories on the landscapes of three model quantum control problems: spectrally filtered and integrated second harmonic generation as well as excitation of atomic rubidium. The gradient algorithm achieves efficiency gains of up to approximately three times that of the standard genetic algorithm and, as such, is a promising tool for meeting quantum control optimization goals as well as landscape analyses. The landscape trajectories directed by the gradient should aid in the continued investigation and understanding of controlled quantum phenomena.