gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Low-Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (2011)

The biomedical application of low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (LTAPP) is a collaborative interest for engineering, medical, dental, and biological researchers. This laboratory study tested whether LTAPP can limit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen strongly associated with periodontal disease, disease progression, and refractory periodontitis. This proof of principle laboratory study of LTAPP's effects on P. gingivalis is an initial step in the development of a new nonsurgical periodontal therapy that could be used by dentists and dental hygienists. After pilot trials, the study consisted of 24 agar plate samples of P. gingivalis; 20 samples were exposed to LTAPP at 5, 7, 9, and 11 minutes and 4 control samples were exposed to helium gas only. Immediately after exposures, the samples were incubated anaerobically for 72 hours at 37C. After 72 hours, zones of inhibition were measured. After 5, 7, 9, and 11 minutes of exposure times, results revealed a statistically significant difference in the inactivation effect of the LTAPP on P. gingivalis compared with control bacteria that was not exposed, as measured by zone of inhibition (cm) (P < 0.0001). Differences in the inactivation effects were significant for each pair of consecutive time points: 5 minutes versus 7 minutes, 7 minutes versus 9 minutes, and 9 minutes versus 11 minutes (P = 0.0360, 0.0009, and <0.0001, respectively). LTAPP has a significant dose-related inactivation effect on P. gingivalis, as measured by zone of inhibition. These findings advance the national dental hygiene research agenda by validating emerging strategies and technologies that might improve the effectiveness of the dental hygienist in periodontal disease management and by applying emerging science to the nonsurgical treatment and control of periodontal disease.
Towards smart prosthetic hand: Adaptive probability based skeletan muscle fatigue model (2010)

Skeletal muscle force can be estimated using surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals. Usually, the surface location for the sensors is near the respective muscle motor unit points. Skeletal muscles generate a spatial EMG signal, which causes cross talk between different sEMG signal sensors. In this study, an array of three sEMG sensors is used to capture the information of muscle dynamics in terms of sEMG signals. The recorded sEMG signals are filtered utilizing optimized nonlinear Half-Gaussian Bayesian filters parameters, and the muscle force signal using a Chebyshev type-II filter. The filter optimization is accomplished using Genetic Algorithms. Three discrete time state-space muscle fatigue models are obtained using system identification and modal transformation for three sets of sensors for single motor unit. The outputs of these three muscle fatigue models are fused with a probabilistic Kullback Information Criterion (KIC) for model selection. The final fused output is estimated with an adaptive probability of KIC, which provides improved force estimates.
Uncertain Future for Kyrgyzstan's Drug Control Agency (2006)

Kyrgyzstan’s Drug Control Agency is a key entity in counter-narcotics in Central Asia. The DCA has the status of a law enforcement agency in its own right. It is nevertheless affected both by international and domestic politics. It is entirely funded by the United States, and continued uncertainty regarding Kyrgyz-U.S. relations makes continued funding for the DCA uncertain, just as it the contract is coming up for renewal. Domestically, the DCA suffers from the weakness of its operations in the South, the main locus of drug trafficking. Rumors over imminent changes in leadership further contribute to the DCA’s uncertainty
The platelet function defect of cardiopulmonary bypass [see comments] (1993)

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery is associated with a hemostatic defect, the hallmark of which is a markedly prolonged bleeding time. However, the nature of the putative platelet function defect is controversial. In this study, blood was analyzed at 10 time points before, during, and after CPB. We used a whole-blood flow cytometric assay to study platelet surface glycoproteins in (1) peripheral blood, (2) peripheral blood activated in vitro by either phorbol myristate acetate, the thromboxane (TX)A2 analog U46619, or a combination of adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine, and (3) the blood emerging from a bleeding-time wound (shed blood). Activation-dependent changes were detected by monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoprotein (GP)Ib-IX and GPIIb-IIIa complexes and P-selectin. In addition, we measured plasma glycocalicin (a proteolytic fragment of GPIb) and shed-blood TXB2 (a stable breakdown product of TXA2). In shed blood emerging from a bleeding-time wound, the usual time-dependent increase in platelet surface P-selectin was absent during CPB, but returned to normal within 2 hours. This abnormality paralleled both the CPB-induced prolongation of the bleeding time and a CPB-induced marked reduction in shed-blood TXB2 generation. In contrast, there was no loss of platelet reactivity to in vitro agonists during or after CPB. In peripheral blood, platelet surface P-selectin was negligible at every time point, demonstrating that CPB resulted in a minimal number of circulating degranulated platelets. CPB did not change the platelet surface expression of GPIb in peripheral blood, as determined by the platelet binding of a panel of monoclonal antibodies, ristocetin-induced binding of von Willebrand factor, and a lack of increase in plasma glycocalicin. CPB did not change the platelet surface expression of the GPIIb-IIIa complex in peripheral blood, as determined by the platelet binding of fibrinogen and a panel of monoclonal antibodies. In summary, CPB resulted in (1) markedly deficient platelet reactivity in response to an in vivo wound, (2) normal platelet reactivity in vitro, (3) no loss of the platelet surface GPIb-IX and GPIIb-IIIa complexes, and (4) a minimal number of circulating degranulated platelets. These data suggest that the "platelet function defect" of CPB is not a defect intrinsic to the platelet, but is an extrinsic defect such as an in vivo lack of availability of platelet agonists. The near universal use of heparin during CPB is likely to contribute substantially to this defect via its inhibition of thrombin, the preeminent platelet activator.
Max-Information, Differential Privacy, and Post-selection Hypothesis Testing (2016)

In this paper, we initiate a principled study of how the generalization properties of approximate differential privacy can be used to perform adaptive hypothesis testing, while giving statistically valid p-value corrections. We do this by observing that the guarantees of algorithms with bounded approximate max-information are sufficient to correct the p-values of adaptively chosen hypotheses, and then by proving that algorithms that satisfy (∈,δ)-differential privacy have bounded approximate max information when their inputs are drawn from a product distribution. This substantially extends the known connection between differential privacy and max-information, which previously was only known to hold for (pure) (∈,0)-differential privacy. It also extends our understanding of max-information as a partially unifying measure controlling the generalization properties of adaptive data analyses. We also show a lower bound, proving that (despite the strong composition properties of max-information), when data is drawn from a product distribution, (∈,δ)-differentially private algorithms can come first in a composition with other algorithms satisfying max-information bounds, but not necessarily second if the composition is required to itself satisfy a nontrivial max-information bound. This, in particular, implies that the connection between (∈,δ)-differential privacy and max-information holds only for inputs drawn from product distributions, unlike the connection between (∈,0)-differential privacy and max-information.
The relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in CheckMate (CM) 214. (2022)

4502 Background: In CM 214, when compared to sunitinib (S), nivolumab plus ipilimumab (N+I) was associated with both clinical benefit and improved HRQoL as first-line treatment for intermediate/poor (I/P)-risk patients (pts). This analysis investigates the direct association between HRQoL and clinical outcomes in aRCC pts. Methods: I/P-risk population included 425 and 422 pts in the N+I and S arms, respectively. HRQoL was assessed using the FKSI-19 (Total Score and Disease Related Symptoms [DRS]). Three separate analyses (A, B, and C) were conducted. A: Changes in individual item scores from baseline to last assessment prior to progression were descriptively assessed. B: For each FKSI-19 score, multivariable Cox regression, adjusted for treatment and stratification factors, was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of baseline and time-dependent HRQoL scores in separate models. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated based on the risk of death per improvement in HRQoL scores, defined using the clinically meaningful change threshold (5 points for FKSI-19 Total and 3 points for DRS). Pts with overall survival (OS) events were censored if their survival event was not within 12 weeks of the last available HRQoL assessment. C: The association between HRQoL change status (ie, improvement or maintenance vs. worsening from baseline in the FKSI-19 Total Score), irrespective of treatment arm, and OS was further assessed using a landmark analysis at the month 6 (mo-6) landmark. Additional landmark time points were explored in sensitivity analysis. Results: Items related to fatigue and perceived bother of the side-effects of treatment had the largest percentage of pts worsening prior to progression. In both baseline and time-dependent HRQoL analyses, OS was independently associated with both HRQoL measures. Higher (better) baseline scores were associated with significantly reduced risk of death (HR [95% CI] for FKSI-19 Total Score and DRS was 0.83 [0.80-0.87] and 0.80 [0.76-0.84], respectively). Every 5-point increase (improvement) in FKSI-19 Total Score and 3-point increase in DRS was associated with a 31% decreased risk of death ( P &lt; 0.01). At mo-6, 301 pts showed improvement or maintenance in HRQoL. Pts with improved/stable HRQoL had a 52% reduction in risk of death compared to pts who had worsened (HR 0.48 [95% CI: 0.39-0.59]). Conclusions: Results demonstrate there is an association between HRQoL and clinical outcomes in CM 214. Baseline HRQoL scores are a potential predictor for survival in aRCC, and HRQoL changes are informative for pts’ expected survival. HRQoL change status at mo-6 was significantly and positively associated with subsequent survival. Thus, patient-reported outcomes may be useful for both describing pt experience in clinical trials and providing valuable clinical insights during routine practice. Clinical trial information: NCT02231749.
Prader-Willi Syndrome and Schaaf-Yang Syndrome: Neurodevelopmental Diseases Intersecting at the MAGEL2 Gene (2016)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and characteristic feeding behaviors with failure to thrive during infancy; followed by hyperphagia and excessive weight gain later in childhood. Individuals with PWS also manifest complex behavioral phenotypes. Approximately 25% meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PWS is caused by the absence of paternally expressed, maternally silenced genes at chromosome 15q11-q13. <i>MAGEL2</i> is one of five protein-coding genes in the PWS-critical domain. Truncating point mutations of the paternal allele of <i>MAGEL2</i> cause Schaaf-Yang syndrome, which has significant phenotypic overlap with PWS, but is also clinically distinct; based on the presence of joint contractures, and a particularly high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (up to 75% of affected individuals). The clinical and molecular overlap between PWS and Schaaf-Yang syndrome, but also their distinguishing features provide insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying both disorders.
Comparison of Different Dry Binders for Roll Compaction/Dry Granulation (2007)

The suitability of different dry binders for roll compaction/ dry granulation was evaluated. Two copovidones and two crospovidones of different particle size beside three celluloses well suited for roll compaction/ dry granulation were included in the study. To classify the binders, they were compared in a binary mixture of binder and dicalciumphosphate and another formulation including a drug. Tensile strength and dissolution properties of tablets compressed from powders or granules were the focus of this study. Tablets containing the small copovidone and the small crospovidone showed the best binder properties in terms of large granule size, low fine particle fraction, and high tensile strength values. Dissolution behavior revealed a significant difference between these two binders. The dissolution of tablets containing small copovidone was significantly slower than the tablets compressed with the small crospovidone. The two copovidones showed comparable dissolution behavior, although tensile strength was higher for the type with small particles. In general, the small crospovidone was most appropriate for uncoated tablets, because it combines superior dry binding properties with fast disintegration and dissolution.
Highly Stable Porous Polymer Networks with Exceptionally High Gas‐Uptake Capacities (2011)

Highly stable porous polymer networks (PPNs) are synthesized through Yamamoto homocoupling reaction between tetrahedral monomers. Among those polymers, PPN-4 shows exceptionally high Langmuir surface area of 10063 m2 g−1 (SABET: 6461 m2 g−1). It also exhibits ultra-high hydrogen (158 mg g−1), methane (389 mg g−1), and carbon dioxide (2121 mg g−1) storage capacities. These properties make it a perfect adsorbent for clean energy applications.
30.3: Invited Paper : Improvement of 3D Image Quality by Using High Frame Rate from 3D Camera to 3D Display (2012)

Abstract The 3D motion image shot and displayed using 240fps allows finer discrimination of depth for the viewer compared to systems using 120fps or 60fps. High frame rate provides rich information of depth for motion images, and the resulting perception of depth brings more realistic visual image quality.
Transient Expression of NMDA Receptor Subunit NR2B in the Developing Rat Heart (2000)

NMDA receptors represent a subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, comprising three classes of subunits (NR1, NR2A-D, NR3), which exhibit distinct patterns of regional and developmental expression in the CNS. Recently, some NMDA receptor subunits have also been described in adult extraneuronal tissues and keratinocytes. However, their developmental expression patterns are currently unknown. With use of RT-PCR and western blot analysis, the expression of NMDA receptor subunit NR2B was investigated in the developing rat heart. NR2B mRNA and protein were detected in heart tissue of rats from embryonic day 14 until postnatal day 21 but disappeared 10 weeks after birth. In contrast, no NMDA receptor subunit NR1, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor subunit GluR2, or anchoring postsynaptic density protein-95 could be detected in rat heart at any developmental stage. Confocal microscopy of cultured cardiac myocytes (CMs) from neonatal rats revealed distinct NR2B staining mainly of intracellular structures. However, no functional NMDA receptor could be detected on CMs by whole-cell recordings. In conclusion, high concentrations of NR2B protein can be detected in early rat heart development, but its function still remains elusive.
Selective inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by targeting a substrate-specific secondary binding site (2011)

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4/CD26 (DP4) is a multifunctional serine protease liberating dipeptide from the N-terminus of (oligo)peptides which can modulate the activity of these peptides. The enzyme is involved in physiological processes such as blood glucose homeostasis and immune response. DP4 substrate specificity is characterized in detail using synthetic dipeptide derivatives. The specificity constant k(cat)/K(m) strongly depends on the amino acid in P₁-position for proline, alanine, glycine and serine with 5.0 x 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, 1.8 x 10⁴ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, 3.6 x 10² M⁻¹ s⁻¹, 1.1 x 10² M⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively. By contrast, kinetic investigation of larger peptide substrates yields a different pattern. The specific activity of DP4 for neuropeptide Y (NPY) cleavage comprising a proline in P₁-position is the same range as the k(cat)/K(m) values of NPY derivatives containing alanine or serine in P₁-position with 4 x 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, 9.5 x 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ and 2.1 x 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively. The proposed existence of an additional binding region outside the catalytic center is supported by measurements of peptide substrates with extended chain length. This 'secondary' binding site interaction depends on the amino acid sequence in P₄'-P₈'-position. Interactions with this binding site could be specifically blocked for substrates of the GRF/glucagon peptide family. By contrast, substrates not belonging to this peptide family and dipeptide derivative substrates that only bind to the catalytic center of DP4 were not inhibited. This more selective inhibition approach allows, for the first time, to distinguish between substrate families by substrate-discriminating inhibitors.
Evaluation of a new generation synthetic peptide combination assay for detection of antibodies to HIV‐1, HIV‐2, HTLV‐I, and HTLV‐II simultaneously (1992)

A new generation combination test (Detect-Plus, IAF BioChem, Montreal, Canada) based on synthetic peptides for HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-I, and HTLV-II was compared with three routine commercial screening assays and confirmatory assays to determine its sensitivity and specificity and to evaluate it as a substitute screening method. Samples from 356 sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients were tested by the four screening tests. All initially reactive samples were retested in duplicate by the corresponding EIA and repeatedly reactive samples were confirmed by Western blots for HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I/II. The confirmed positives detected by each screening assay were HIV-1 (23/356, 6.46%), HIV-2 (11/356, 3.09%), and HTLV-I/II (5/356, 1.4%). The new generation Detect-Plus test produced only two results (2/356, 0.56%) that were presumed to be false-positives in comparison to the screening tests, but the OD/CO values were just slightly high (1.5 and 1.9). There were no false-negative results, indicating that the sensitivity of the new combination test was excellent (100%). Compared with routine retroviral EIA assays, the test is easy to perform--the total time requirement is only 2 hr and there is no need for incubation equipment. The OD/CO values were very high when samples were positive, making even visual interpretation possible. We conclude that this new combination assay is an excellent screening method for detection of antibodies to the human retroviruses, and may be particularly useful for screening blood for transfusion and in epidemiological investigations.
Standard Versus High Resolution Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography in Imaging of Retinal Pathologies (2005)

The results of comparison between three Spectral OCT instruments with different axial resolution and detecting spectrographs used for imaging of various retinal lesions are presented. Analysis of the optimal clinical Spectral OCT system is shown.
Is Epilepsy a Preventable Disorder? New Evidence from Animal Models (2010)

Epilepsy accounts for 0.5% of the global burden of disease, and primary prevention of epilepsy represents one of the three 2007 NINDS Epilepsy Research Benchmarks. In the past decade, efforts to understand and intervene in the process of epileptogenesis have yielded fruitful preventative strategies in animal models.This article reviews the current understanding of epileptogenesis, introduces the concept of a "critical period" for epileptogenesis, and examines strategies for epilepsy prevention in animal models of both acquired and genetic epilepsies. We discuss specific animal models, which may yield important insights into epilepsy prevention including kindling, poststatus epilepticus, prolonged febrile seizures, traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, the tuberous sclerosis mouse model, and the WAG/Rij rat model of primary generalized epilepsy. Hopefully, further investigation of antiepileptogenesis in animal models will soon enable human therapeutic trials to be initiated, leading to long-term epilepsy prevention and improved patient quality of life.
Wireless underwater-to-air communications via water surface modulation and radar detection (2020)

This paper explores a concept recently proposed for underwater-to-air communications using a combination of acoustic and electromagnetics modalities. The transmitter is an underwater acoustic projector that is used to vibrate the surface of the water whose vibrations are modulated by the communications message. The airborne sensor is a millimeter-wave radar hovering over the surface of the water which senses the water surface vibrations. The phase of the coherent radar signal is used to determine the displacement of the water surface to the sub-millimeter level. From this information, the communications message can be demodulated. Prior research and our calculations suggest that acoustic frequencies in the range 100–300 Hz are ideal in terms of throughput and signal-to-noise ratio. In our measurements, a loudspeaker covered in copper tape is used as a surrogate water surface responding to the acoustic stimulus. A W-band Doppler radar operating in the 94-GHz frequency range using analog in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulation is used as the radar sensor. Early results are quite promising; while playing sinusoids at 100 and 300 Hz, the signal can clearly be observed in the radar output.
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to ipilimumab (2013)

The first report of an ipilimumab-induced lung injury presenting as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome http://ow.ly/mxgC6
Spectroscopic Determination of Chromium(VI) during the Reduction of Chromium(VI) to Chromium(III) (1991)

Reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by thiourea between pH 3.0 and 5.5 is a key aspect of the chromium(VI)/thiourea/polyacrylamide gel polymer system used in enhanced oil recovery processes. A method has been developed to determine chromium(VI) concentration during the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) in this pH range. The reduction reaction is run in the presence of an acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer which reacts with the chromium(III) produced and prevents the formation of a brown precipitate which forms in the absence of the buffer. With interference from the precipitate eliminated, chromium(VI) concentration is determined from the visible absorbance of the reaction mixture and the unique molar absorptivity spectra of the five chromium species present in the reaction mixture. An average error of approximately 1% between known and measured chromium(VI) concentrations was demonstrated over a chromium(VI) concentration range from 0.0005 to 0.0025 M.
Highly (Z)-Selective Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Diphosphinidenecyclobutene-Coordinated Ruthenium Complex:  Application to the Synthesis of (Z,Z)-Bis(2-bromoethenyl)arenes (2005)

[reaction: see text] Complex 1 bearing a diphosphinidenecyclobutene ligand (DPCB-OMe) catalyzes highly stereoselective hydrosilylation of diethynylarenes with HSiMe2Ph to afford (Z,Z)-bis(2-silylethenyl)arenes. Treatment of the hydrosilylation products with N-bromosuccinimide causes bromodesilylation in a stereospecific manner, giving (Z,Z)-bis(2-bromoethenyl)arenes in high geometrical purity (>98%).