gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Analysis of High Strength Coke Using X-ray CT (2019)

Development of coke production technology which can maintain high coke strength with use of certain amount of high rank coal is needed. Accordingly, it is important to investigate influence of coke pore structure on coke strength and dominant factors of coke strength. In this study, results of three-dimensional analysis such as components of coke structure and Mises stress of two types of high strength coke will be presented. Three-dimensional composition of coke was successfully visualized and quantified by three-valuation method. Moreover, three-dimensional stress analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between coke structure and coke strength.
Radiation tolerance of diamond detectors (2022)

Diamond is used as detector material in high energy physics experiments due to its inherent radiation tolerance. The RD42 collaboration has measured the radiation tolerance of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond against proton, pion, and neutron irradiation. Results of this study are summarized in this article. The radiation tolerance of diamond detectors can be further enhanced by using a 3D electrode geometry. We present preliminary results of a poly-crystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond detector with a 3D electrode geometry after irradiation and compare to planar devices of roughly the same thickness.
Looking back to the future: the re-emergence of green care (2017)

Green care should be prioritised as a potential solution to the current healthcare context of high demand, cost pressures and community fragmentation. Nature-based interventions do not 'cost the earth', are low carbon and are socially pro gressive, and therefore sustainable People who engage with nature-based groups can gain much wider benefits than merely symptom reduction. It is these wider benefits that move people from the sick role, which can be hard to leave for many reasons, towards a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.
The Learning Curve for Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer (1999)

To ensure accurate staging of patients with breast cancer, all surgeons should perform full ALND while learning SNB techniques. Only after documentation of accuracy of SNB (sensitivity >90%) should full ALND be omitted for women with negative sentinel nodes.
How Intrusion Detection Can Improve Software Decoy Applications (2003)

This research concerns information security and computer-network defense. It addresses how to handle the information of log files and intrusion-detection systems to recognize when a system is under attack. But the goal is not the usual one of denying access to the attacker but providing a justification for deceptive actions to fool the attacker. We implemented a simple demonstration of how two different kinds of open-source intrusion-detection systems can efficiently pool data for this purpose.
Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2014)

Evidence from two large high quality studies suggests that omega 3 fatty acids are probably ineffective for maintenance of remission in CD. Omega 3 fatty acids appear to be safe although they may cause diarrhea and upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms.
Is There Natural Killer Cell Memory and Can It Be Harnessed by Vaccination? (2017)

Studies over the last decade have decisively shown that innate immune natural killer (NK) cells exhibit enhanced long-lasting functional responses following a single activation event. With the increased recognition of memory and memory-like properties of NK cells, questions have arisen with regard to their ability to effectively mediate vaccination responses in humans. Moreover, recently discovered innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) could also potentially exhibit memory-like functions. Here, we review different forms of NK cell memory, and speculate about the ability of these cells and ILCs to meaningfully contribute to vaccination responses.
A Verilog-A Based Vcsel Model For Next Generation High-Speed Interconnects (2019)

Electronic-photonic co-simulation plays an important role in optimization of next-generation optical interconnects. Toward this goal, a Verilog-A model is developed in Cadence to simulate high-speed VCSELs. The simulation is validated experimentally at 10 Gbps.
Talkativeness in Cognitively Normal Women at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease (2000)

Previous research has suggested a correlation between some linguistic patterns and the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is increasing clinical need to identify factors that can be used alone or in combination to predict the onset of AD. The purpose of the present study was to explore the association of language skills and genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Oral and written language samples of cognitively normal women with a susceptibility gene for AD (ApoE e4) were compared to those of noncarriers on measures of grammatical complexity, topic relevance, and talkativeness by observers unaware of participant genotypes. Participants included 29 ApoE e4 carriers 49-73 years of age, and 29 e4 noncarriers 48-76 years of age, most of whom had a first-degree relative with AD. Carriers and noncarriers were group matched for age, educational level, and estimated IQ. Participant groups did not differ significantly in language complexity or topic relevance. However, the ApoE e4 group was significantly more talkative than the noncarrier group (p < .05).
Invited Paper: Low-Cost Telerehabilitation (2004)

The hardware and software costs of telerehabilitation systems are summarized. Several hardware and software examples are given in order to look at what has been done, and what can be done in the future. At present only a single low-cost telerehabilitation system (developed at the University of California at Irvine) has been identified. The author does not claim this to be a comprehensive review, rather an attempt to motivate the reader to look at ways to overcome cost barriers to widespread telerehabilitation use.
Controlled delivery of taxol from poly(ethylene glycol)‐coated poly(lactic acid) microspheres (2001)

The development of injectable microspheres for sustained drug delivery to the arterial wall is a major challenge. We demonstrated the possibility of entrapping an antiproliferative agent, taxol, in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres with a mean diameter of 2–6 μm. A solution of taxol and PLA dissolved in an acetone/dichloromethane mixture was poured into an aqueous solution of PEG [or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA] with stirring with a high-speed homogenizer for the formation of microspheres. Taxol recovery in PLA–PEG microspheres was higher (61.2 ± 2.3%) than with PVA-based (41.6 ± 1.8%) preparations. An analysis by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy revealed that PEG was incorporated well on the PLA microsphere surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PEG-coated PLA microspheres were spherical in shape and had a smooth surface texture like those of PVA-based preparations. The amount of drug release was much higher initially (25–30%); this was followed by a constant slow-release profile for a 30-day period of study. This PEG-coated PLA microsphere formulation may have potential for the targeted delivery of antiproliferative agents to treat restenosis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 55: 96–103, 2001
Exact and Asymptotic SER of Receive Diversity in Multiple Amplify-And-Forward Relaying (2010)

Multiple amplify-and-forward (AF) relays with receive diversity is analyzed over unbalanced hops with independent but not necessarily identically distributed Rayleigh fading. Exact closed-form expressions are derived for the moment generating function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination. Our analysis apply to arbitrary numbers of relays and arbitrary numbers of antennas at the destination. Based on the derived results, we determine the symbol error rate with M-ary phase-shift keying. In addition, we carry out an asymptotic analysis in the high SNR regime. Our results provide fundamental insights into the impact of the number of antennas on the performance of multiple AF relaying. We explicitly reveal that the diversity order is equal to the sum of the number of relays and the number of antennas. Theoretical analysis is verified by simulation.
Active Seismic Response Controlled Structure: Cybernetic-Active Control Philosophy (2018)

This chapter presents a general view of current research and development into active and hybrid control systems relevant to the seismic response controlled structure conducted in the research institutes of private firms and universities in Japan and the United States. Reports are presented on active and hybrid control devices actually being utilized, focusing on those that have already been installed and that are in the experimental stage with the objective of practical application. The conventional philosophy can result in a decrease in an individual building's function and loss in its financial value, as well as preventing reuse of the building after severe earthquakes. A technology is required that will not only suppress the vibrations of individual buildings, but will preserve the information and communication function that sustains a city's life. A seismic response control system is defined as a system that fortifies the structure by imparting its particular characteristics or a control device that controls the earthquake motions.
Haptic sensitivity in needle insertion: the effects of training and visual aid (2011)

This paper describes an experiment conducted to measure haptic sensitivity and the effects of haptic training with and without visual aid. The protocol for haptic training consisted of a needle insertion task using dual-layer silicon samples. A visual aid was provided as a multimodal cue for the haptic perception task. Results showed that for a group of novices (subjects with no previous experience in needle insertion), training with a visual aid resulted in a longer time to task completion, and a greater applied force, during post-training tests. This suggests that haptic perception is easily overshadowed, and may be completely replaced, by visual feedback. Therefore, haptic skills must be trained differently from visuomotor skills.
The Biology of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1: Its Role as a Selectin Counterreceptor in Leukocyte-Endothelial and Leukocyte-Platelet Interaction (1999)

Cell-cell interactions mediating leukocyte trafficking, thrombogenesis and inflammation are crucial for the host defense mechanism. The selectin family of integral membrane proteins includes E-selectin, L-selectin and P-selectin. Selectins mediate tethering and rolling of leukocytes to the vessel wall at the site of inflammation. The counter-receptor for P-selectin and possibly the other selectins is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). This review focuses on the properties and biology of PSGL- 1.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC REDUCTION OF PROCHIRAL CYCLIC KETONES WITH LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE PARTIALLY DECOMPOSED BY (1R,2S)‐(‐)‐N‐METHYLEPHEDRINE AND 2‐(ALKYLAMINO)PYRIDINE (1984)

Abstract Lithiumaluminiumhydrid, das mit (‐)‐N‐Methylephedrin (I) und Alkylaminopyridinen wie (II) modifiziert ist, reduziert Cyclohexenon (III) mit hoher optischer Ausbeute zum (R)‐Cyclohexenol (IV).
Empirical Design of a Multi-Classifier Thresholding/Control Strategy for Recognition of Handwritten Street Names (1997)

A central task in the interpretation of handwritten US postal addresses is the off-line recognition of the street name. A lexicon of candidate street names may be extracted from a database of postal delivery points (DPF) by first locating and recognizing numeric fields such as the ZIP code and strewet number. The off-line handwritten word recognition (HWR) task is made difficult by the unconstrained, omni-scriptor nature of the input, and incomplete lexicons resulting from errors in processing numeric fields and intrinsic deficiencies in the DPF. In this paper, we describe an empirical approach to the design of a multi-classifier HWR Thresholding/Control module which forms part of a real-time handwritten address interpretation (HWAI) system. The decisions of two word classifiers are combined in a hierarchical manner to improve recognition and error-rejection performance, while meeting real-time requirements. The design employs logistic regression and agreement for evidence combination, and lexicon reduction for improved throughput as well as performance. The paper concludes with experimental results and directions for future research.
EVIDENCE OF A MAJOR QTL FOR FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN THE APPLE WILD SPECIES MALUS FUSCA (2014)

Fire blight is a common and very destructive disease affecting apple (Malus ×domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) productions. Caused by enterobacterium Erwinia amylovora, its devastating economic effects ranges from losses in yield to severe damage or death of trees in the orchard, and in extreme cases loss of a whole orchard. The most effective management measure available to producers is the use of antibiotics. However, dependence on antibiotics treatment is not sustainable given risks such as the rapid selection of antibiotic-resistant Erwinia populations and environmental hazards, which have led to their application being forbidden in many countries. Therefore the planting of fire blight-resistant cultivars seems to be the most promising alternative strategy. However until now, there is no fire blight-resistant apple cultivar produced for the global market. Host resistance to fire blight in Malus is thought to be quantitatively controlled. Thus, several quantitative trait loci for resistance have been identified in some accessions of Malus spp. In this study, we explored a segregating population derived from a cross between the apple wild species Malus fusca and the Malus ×domestica cultivar ‘Idared’. F1 progenies used for mapping were artificially inoculated with E. amylovora strain Ea222 at a concentration of 109 CFU/ml in two different years. The averages of percentage lesion length (PLL) of all replicates of each genotype were used as numerical traits for statistical analysis. A Kruskal-Wallis analysis, used to determine marker-phenotype association, revealed two DArT markers (971000 and 970840) with the highest significance. QTL mapping revealed a strong QTL explaining above 60% of the phenotypic variation. This is the first report of a fire blight resistance QTL in M. fusca.
Strategies for High Grafting Efficiency of Functional Ligands to Lipid Nanoemulsions for RGD-Mediated Targeting of Tumor Cells In Vitro (2020)

Lipid nanoemulsions (LNEs) are promising nanocarriers for delivering high payloads of lipophilic molecules. Nonetheless, the dynamic nature at their aqueous interfaces results in poor surface chemistry and thus ligand functionalization can be challenging. Herein, two independent strategies, postconjugation and preconjugation, were explored to prepare LNEs grafted covalently with model ligands, fluorescein dye and RGD peptide, respectively. Fluorescein was successfully conjugated with high grafting efficiency to an amine-functionalized lipid nanoemulsion (NH<sub>2</sub>-LNE) as determined by spectrophotometric analysis. First, we formulated NH<sub>2</sub>-LNEs by a low-energy spontaneous emulsification technique in the presence of oleylamine (OA) within the oily core of the nanodroplets, thus creating primary amine-reactive sites at the oil/water interface. These amines were used to incorporate fluorescein, yielding fluorescent LNEs with grafting efficiencies of 33, 69, and 69% at NH<sub>2</sub>-LNEs with [OA]<sub>oil</sub> = 0.18, 0.34, and 0.49 M, respectively. We also developed RGD-labeled LNEs (RGD-LNEs) and evaluated the nanomaterial with model cell lines that overexpress α<sub>V</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrins on their surfaces. To this end, we initially synthesized an RGD-Oleate fatty acid-peptide conjugate by solid-phase synthesis. The lipophilic segment of this conjugate readily embedded into the oily core of the LNE, and the hydrophilic head (RGD moiety) was oriented toward the LNE interface. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were undertaken on different cancer cell lines including HaCaT human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), MCF-7, and U-87 MG and compared to uptake experiments with RAW 264.7 macrophages. Confocal imaging and flow cytometry showed that RGD-LNEs were preferentially taken up by all of the tumor cell lines but showed very slight accumulation in RAW macrophages. Unmodified LNE controls did not show any appreciable cellular uptake. This work provides a simple and reliable methodology for the incorporation of multiple ligands on a single surface to facilitate active tumor targeting with LNE-based drug/imaging carriers for theranostic applications.
Pseudomonas putida Capsule (2009)

Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the protobacterial lineage. While this species is not pathogenic, it can make a capsule like many of its pathogenic cousins. Made of complex polysaccharides, this capsule plays a role in helping the bacterium attach to surfaces, and may provide the cell with protection from desiccation (and phagocytosis). Together, these images provide good examples of the capsule structure and of two common types of microscopy: phase-contrast and fluorescent.
Figure 1 shows a single dividing cell of P. putida viewed with a bright-field microscope under phase-contrast. The phase-contrast provides a natural contrast between the cellular and capsular material.
Figure 2 shows the field stained with a fluorescently tagged polyclonal antibody made against the capsular material and viewed under fluorescent light. The antibody binds specifically to the capsule, providing more of a contrast between the cell and its capsule.
How conceptual system architecture leads to business process (2000)

While designing a global bank's Money-Link, the clustering of non-functional properties suggested two "lobes": (1) transactional (enabling payments among affiliate banks), which required highavailability, high-security, and geographical distribution; and (2) analytic, with traditional database requirements. These purely architectural components coincided with business processes separately identified by business analysts. Architecture provided problem domain insight.
Removal of bentonite causing turbidity by electro‐coagulation (1998)

Abstract The efficiency of electro‐coagulation as a turbidity removal process has been investigated using bentonite as a turbidity source. The influence of certain operational parameters such as current input, contact time, electrolyte concentration, and initial turbidity on the coagulation efficiency were studied. The process was found to achieve excellent turbidity removals. The lowest residual turbidities were 0.5 and 0.75 NTU for the samples with initial turbidities of 112 and 52 NTU, respectively. This was obtained at a current of 0.5 A, a contact time of 5 minutes, and a calculated dissolved iron concentration of 10.8 mg/l. At a constant current of 0.5 A, a reduction in the contact time from 5 to 2 minutes in the case of turbidity level 1 (52 NTU) and from 5 to 1 minute in the case of turbidity level 2 (112 NTU) resulted in better turbidity removals. The optimal operational parameters for turbidity level 1 are a current of 0.5 A, a contact time of 2 minutes and an NaCl concentration of 2 g/l resulting in a calculated amount of iron generated of 4.3 mg/1. However, for the case of turbidity level 2, the optimal values are a current of 0.5 A, a contact time of 1 minute and an NaCl concentration of 5 g/l with a calculated iron amount generated of 2.2 mg/l.
High sheet resistance, low temperature coefficient of resistance resistor films for integrated circuits (2010)

High resistance, low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) thin-film resistors have been produced by rf sputtering from compound targets using the Cr–Si–B–SiO2/Al2O3 material system. After postdeposition annealing at 450–550 °C sheet resistances of 20 kΩ/sq and TCR&amp;lt;200 ppm/°C were obtained for films of 40 nm thickness. The effect of changes to the proportions of each component in the mixture was investigated and it was found possible to control resistance and TCR. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed a good correlation between the target and film compositions. X-ray diffraction investigation did not show any crystalline structure in the film either before or after thermal treatment.
Wavelet-based linear system modeling and adaptive filtering (1996)

It is shown how linear time-varying systems can be modeled in several different ways by discrete-time wavelets or, more generally, by some set of functions. Interpretation of physical meanings, possible efficiency, and other characteristics of the modeling are considered. System identification minimizing the mean square output error is studied. Optimal coefficients and the corresponding minimum mean square error are found, and they are, in general, time varying. Least-mean-square adaptive filtering algorithms are derived for on-line filtering and system Identification. Theoretically and by simulations, the advantages of using wavelet-based filtering are shown: separation of adaptation effects from unknown time-varying system behavior and fast convergence. Adaptive coefficients estimated by a recursive-least-square algorithm can tend toward constants, even in the case of time-varying systems. Time-invariant system identification and adaptive filtering is given as a special case of the general time-varying setting.
Nitric oxide prevents neutrophil-mediated acute renal failure (1997)

The contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to ischemic acute renal failure is unclear. Because polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) accentuate injury in kidneys subjected to ischemia-reperfusion and because NO has potent vascular and PMN effects, we examined the contribution of NO to PMN-mediated injury in isolated perfused rat kidneys. Nonischemic and ischemic kidneys were perfused by the isolated kidney technique in the presence or absence of PMN and NO agonists [sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-arginine (L-Arg)] or a NO synthase inhibitor [N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA)]. In nonischemic kidneys, the NOS antagonist decreased perfusion flow rate by 25% without affecting glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or tubular sodium reabsorption (TNa), whereas NOS agonist treatment had no effects. After 20 min of ischemia/60 min reperfusion in the absence of PMN NO agonist treatment potentiated ischemia-reperfusion-induced loss of GFR and TNa, whereas adding the NO antagonist lessened glomerular and tubular injury. Reperfusion of ischemic kidneys with PMN resulted in PMN retention and potentiated ischemic injury. However, increases in PMN retention as well as decreases in GFR and TNa caused by PMN were prevented by SNP and worsened by L-NNA. Moreover, in nonischemic kidneys, activated PMN caused renal injury and PMN retention, which were prevented by SNP and worsened by L-NNA. In conclusion, 1) NO worsens ischemic injury in the absence of PMN, and 2) NO prevents the PMN component of ischemic renal injury by blocking PMN retention and the deleterious effects of activated PMN on glomerular and tubular function.
CRYSTALLINE FIELD SPLITTINGS IN HOLMIUM AND DYSPROSIUM ETHYLSULFATES (1963)

From report : "It has become apparent that pragmatic resonance data alone are insufficient to correctly evaluate crystal field parameters for rare-earth ethylsulfates, and that heat capacity data above 20°K are a useful aid in determining whether low lying levels obtained by absorption spectroscopy have been correctly identified."