gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Sorp‐vection”: An unusual membrane‐based separation (2005)

Abstract A nonstandard membrane process is described that involves highly selective sorption of a compound “A” at a large absolute weight fraction ω A , coupled with a significant diffusionally induced flux of a second component “B.” The flux of B convectively moves A from a dilute external mass fraction relative to component B upstream to an enriched mass fraction downstream. The general form of the process has potential applications involving dilute feeds where current membranes processes perform poorly for such removal as a result of excessive solubility of the smaller component B. The most important widespread application is expected to be the separation of small organic solutes from supercritical carbon dioxide to facilitate the recycling and reuse of CO 2 while minimizing costly and energy‐intensive recompression steps. We consider the utility of this concept by modeling the separation efficiency of phenol from supercritical carbon dioxide. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Supported Catalysts (2002)

Abstract Supported catalysts largely based on porous inorganic and organic support materials can be used in a wide range of important organic reactions for the preparation of fine and speciality chemicals. Major areas of research and application, notably solid acids, solid bases, and supported metal complexes, are covered in this article.
Novel device structure for phase change memory toward low-current operation (2015)

We present a novel device architecture for low set and reset currents in phase change random access memory (PCRAM). In this structure, the sidewall of phase-change film is contacted with the vertical heating layer. In particular, to realize a small contact area of under 50 nm2 for low reset current, this structure includes stacked layers consisting of extremely thin phase change material (PCM) and conduction films, the fabrication method of which is proposed. We estimated set and reset currents for the proposed structure by the device simulation method. Here, we confirmed that a contact area of 30 nm2 in this structure, where Ge2Sb2Te5 is used as PCM, provides a reset current of 13.5 µA and a set current of 4 µA, which are promising for the scaling down of PCM. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the thinner PCM in this structure provides less thermal disturbance to the neighboring cell. From the results, we expect this structure to be a promising candidate for a high-density nonvolatile memory architecture with PCM.
Force Directed Design of Laparoscopic Forceps (1998)

Abstract Mechanical design usually applies a kinematic perspective. Desired motion is taken as point of departure for the type and dimension synthesis of a linkage. Next, actuators are added to enforce this motion at the desired velocity. In addition to this movement directed design approach, also desirable force configurations can provide a useful design perspective. Awareness of forces seems to stimulate the design of simple and efficient mechanisms. This paper aims to illustrate a simple form of a force directed design approach with an example from medical technology. A purely mechanical laparoscopic grasping instrument with extraordinary mechanical efficiency is presented, which enables surgeons to clearly perceive several physiological properties, such as stiffness of tissue and the pulse of arteries.
Long-lived Messenger RNA and its Relationship to Protein Synthesis During Germination of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds (1986)

Synthesis of both protein and RNA is initiated very early in germination in the embryo axes of pea seeds. The early RNA synthesis involves all three types, although there is some evidence for preferential synthesis of mRNA in the first few hours after the onset of imbibition. In addition to newly synthesized mRNA, the embryo axis also contains long-lived mRNA. The amount of this long-lived mRNA declines markedly during the first 20 h of germination. Synthesis of both protein and RNA is initiated very early in germination in the embryo axes of pea seeds. The early RNA synthesis involves all three types, although there is some evidence for preferential synthesis of mRNA in the first few hours after the onset of imbibition. In addition to newly synthesized mRNA, the embryo axis also contains long-lived mRNA. The amount of this long-lived mRNA declines markedly during the first 20 h of germination. Results from in vitro and in vivo protein synthesis experiments and from studies of polysome formation suggest that much of the long-lived mRNA present in the embryo axis does not direct protein synthesis. The increase in the rate of protein synthesis during germination is thus dependent on recruitment of newly synthesized mRNA molecules.
Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in breast cancer - relationship with clinical outcome. (2014)

Determination of plasma PAI-1 levels might provide important prognostic information in risk stratification and survival outcomes for patients with breast cancer.
A 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent Adenylate Cyclase and an Adenosine 3′:5′-Cyclic Monophosphate-Dependent Adenosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphohydrolase in Dictyostelium discoideum (1973)

Cell aggregation in Dictyostelium discoideum appears to involve the production and detection of 3':5'-cyclic AMP. Two pertinent catalytic activities have been studied in concentrates from D. discoideum purified 50- to 100-fold. They are (i) adenylate cyclase and (ii) ATP pyrophosphohydrolase. ATP pyrophosphohydrolase activity converts ATP to 5'-AMP and pyrophosphate. The presence of 5'-AMP is an absolute requirement for adenylate cyclase activity. The presence of 3':5'-cyclic AMP is an absolute requirement for ATP pyrophosphohydrolase activity. Both activations, particularly that of ATP pyrophosphohydrolase, show narrow ranges of specificity and display significant cooperativities.
Authorsʼ Reply (1993)

Chan, John K.C. M.B., B.S., M.R.C.PATH.; Tsang, William Y.W. M.B., B.S.; Hollingsworth, Helen C. M.D.; Jaffe, Elaine S. M.D. Author Information
Photo-optical liquid crystal cells driven by molecular rotors (1993)

Photochemical regulation of in-plane alignment of a nematic liquid crystal is presented. A quartz plate surface was modified with 4-hexyl-4′-hexyloxyazobenzene substituted with triethoxysilyl group through a spacer at the 2′ position to introduce the side-on type azobenzene unit of the surface. A liquid crystal hybrid cell fabricated with the azo-modified plate was irradiated with linearly polarized visible light for the n-π* transition. This resulted in the in-plane reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules to afford homogeneous alignment. Discussion is made on the mechanism of the in-plane alignment regulation, and the concept of a molecular rotor is proposed.
Low-latency graph streaming using compressed purely-functional trees (2019)

There has been a growing interest in the graph-streaming setting where a continuous stream of graph updates is mixed with graph queries. In principle, purely-functional trees are an ideal fit for this setting as they enable safe parallelism, lightweight snapshots, and strict serializability for queries. However, directly using them for graph processing leads to significant space overhead and poor cache locality.
Crystal structure of 2-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-6-phenylpentafulvene, C19H14O2 (2009)

C 19 H 14 O 2 ,monoclinic, P2 1 /n (no. 14), a =10.5756(4) , b =15.5721(4) , c =17.4233(5) , b =97.692(2), V =2843.5 3 , Z =8,R gt (F) =0.039, wR ref (F 2 ) =0.101, T =233 K.
Barrier-free tunneling in a carbon heterojunction transistor (2010)

Recently it has been experimentally shown that a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) can be obtained by unzipping a carbon nanotube (CNT). This makes it possible to fabricate all-carbon heterostructures that have a unique interface between a CNT and a GNR. Here we demonstrate that such a heterojunction may be utilized to obtain a unique transistor operation. By performing a self-consistent nonequilibrium Green’s function based calculation on an atomistically defined structure, we show that such a transistor may reduce energy dissipation below the classical limit while not compromising speed—thus providing an alternate route toward ultralow-power, high-performance carbon-heterostructure electronics.
CONTROLLED FERMENTATION OF SLICED CUCUMBERS (1978)

ABSTRACT A process is described for the controlled fermentation of sliced, large cucumbers which results in improved firmness of the tissue. The cucumbers are sliced, blanched in water, cooled, brined in a solution of NaCl and calcium acetate at pH 4.3–4.6 and inoculated with a Lactobacillus plantarum starter culture. The fermentation is essentially complete within 1 wk at 27°C. Buffering of the brines with calcium acetate had the dual advantage of insuring complete fermentation, and firming of the cucumber tissue. Heated slices, when brined at 0–6.5% NaCl according to this process, were firm after 3 months’ storage; whereas, unheated slices became soft at lower levels of NaCl. The process offers a possible means of reducing or eliminating the problem of soft centers in large cucumbers. The process also improved the firmness of small, whole cucumbers.
Structures of Preferred Human IgV Genes–Based Protective Antibodies Identify How Conserved Residues Contact Diverse Antigens and Assign Source of Specificity to CDR3 Loop Variation (2016)

The human Ab response to certain pathogens is oligoclonal, with preferred IgV genes being used more frequently than others. A pair of such preferred genes, IGVK3-11 and IGVH3-30, contributes to the generation of protective Abs directed against the 23F serotype of the pneumonococcal capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and against the AD-2S1 peptide of the gB membrane protein of human CMV. Structural analyses of Fab fragments of mAbs 023.102 and pn132p2C05 in complex with portions of the 23F polysaccharide revealed five germline-encoded residues in contact with the key component, l-rhamnose. In the case of the AD-2S1 peptide, the KE5 Fab fragment complex identified nine germline-encoded contact residues. Two of these germline-encoded residues, Arg91L and Trp94L, contact both the l-rhamnose and the AD-2S1 peptide. Comparison of the respective paratopes that bind to carbohydrate and protein reveals that stochastic diversity in both CDR3 loops alone almost exclusively accounts for their divergent specificity. Combined evolutionary pressure by human CMV and the 23F serotype of S. pneumoniae acted on the IGVK3-11 and IGVH3-30 genes as demonstrated by the multiple germline-encoded amino acids that contact both l-rhamnose and AD-2S1 peptide.
A study on driver training on advanced driver assistance systems by using a driving simulator (2015)

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) are making continuous progress in order to solve issues in vehicle traffic. However, drivers cannot adjust to these advances, because ADAS can assist even complicated driving behaviors that require higher skills. The more advanced the driving interactions ADAS can perform, the more risk the system may have when used by drivers who have insufficient knowledge of the system. Thus, it is important to establish teaching or training methods, which enable drivers to become educated about ADAS. In this study, we developed a driving simulator for teaching or training drivers. Using the driving simulator, the drivers can make the most of ADAS, the use of which will become more widespread and advanced. In this paper, the importance of teaching and training for driver is explained first. Details of the driving simulator developed in this study are then described. Finally, the results of the simulation development are summarized.
Development of gas microstrip detectors for digital X-ray imaging and radiation dosimetry (1998)

Our recent work in the application of gas microstrip detector (GMD) technology to the fields of digital X-ray imaging and radiation dosimetry is described. The GMD can measure the position and the energy of individual photons at the high counting rates encountered in X-ray imaging. GMD-based imaging systems have high detective quantum efficiency and permit improvement of image quality and contrast using display windowing and measured energy information. Results are presented on the performance of a prototype GMD imaging system operated with a xenon/methane 90/10 gas mixture at 1 atm. Results are also presented on the performance of a GMD filled with tissue equivalent gases for applications in the field of radiation dosimetry in mixed neutron and /spl gamma/ fields. The results show that the GMD can be used for dosimetric discrimination between different types of radiation in mixed-field environments.
This is how we do it: Answer Reranking for Open-domain How Questions with Paragraph Vectors and Minimal Feature Engineering (2016)

We present a simple yet powerful approach to non-factoid answer reranking whereby question-answer pairs are represented by concatenated distributed representation vectors and a multilayer perceptron is used to compute the score for an answer. Despite its simplicity, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on a public dataset of How questions, outperforming systems which employ sophisticated feature sets. We attribute this good performance to the use of paragraph instead of word vector representations and to the use of suitable data for training these representations.
Linac Design for the LCLS Project at SLAC (1997)

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC is being designed to produce intense, coherent 0.15-nm x-rays. These x-rays will be produced by a single pass of a 15-GeV bunched electron beam through a long undulator. Nominally, the bunches have a charge of 1 nC, normalized transverse emittances of less than 1.5π mm-mr and an rms bunch length of 20 µm. The electron beam will be produced using the last third of the SLAC 3-km linac in a manner compatible with simultaneous operation of the remainder of the linac for PEP-II. The linac design necessary to produce an electron beam with the required brightness for LCLS is discussed, and the specific linac modifications are described.
Primary instabilities and bicriticality in flow between counter-rotating cylinders (1988)

The primary instabilities and bicritical curves for flow between counter-rotating cylinders have been computed numerically from the Navier–Stokes equations assuming axial periodicity. The computations provide values of the Reynolds numbers, wavenumbers, and wave speeds at the primary transition from Couette flow for radius ratios from 0.40–0.98. Particular attention has been focused on the bicritical curves that separate (as the magnitude of counter-rotation is increased) the transitions from Couette flow to flows with different azimuthal wavenumbers m and m+1. This lays the foundation for further analysis of nonlinear mode interactions and pattern formation occurring along the bicritical curves and serves as a benchmark for experimental studies. Preliminary experimental measurements of transition Reynolds numbers and wave speeds presented here agree well with the computations from the mathematical model.
Syntheses of vinyl silane phosphates: novel synthetic intermediates (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of vinyl silane phosphates: novel synthetic intermediatesFrederick L. Koerwitz, Gerald B. Hammond, and David F. WiemerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 4, 738–743Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00265a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00265a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using a Streak Camera to Resolve the Motion of Molecular Excited States with Picosecond Time Resolution and 150 nm Spatial Resolution (2007)

A one-dimensional streak camera imaging (1D-SCI) experiment to visualize the spatial motion of luminescent excited-state species in condensed phase systems is presented. A femtosecond pulse is focused through an objective lens to create a localized excited-state population, using either one-photon or two-photon excitation conditions. The time-dependent emission from this spot is then imaged onto the horizontal entrance slit of a streak camera. The resulting one-dimensional projection of the emission spot is detected with picosecond time resolution. Using this setup, the ability to resolve broadening of the excitation spot due to diffusive motion on the order of 150 nm is demonstrated. The 1D-SCI technique is successfully employed to image the translational diffusion of excited-state platinum octaethylporphyrin molecules in a toluene solution at various concentrations. In addition, the absence of long-range (>1 μm) electronic energy transfer in the polymer polyvinylcarbazole is confirmed. In both of these samples, the absorption and emission spectra are well-separated, and the luminescence can escape the sample without reabsorption playing a role. Preliminary experiments on disodium fluorescein, a molecule with a small fluorescence Stokes shift, exhibit anomalously rapid broadening. This is most likely due to fluorescence reabsorption and re-emission, although the simplest model of nonradiative transport fails to capture the observed behavior. In principle, changes in the optical arrangement could improve the spatial resolution of this experiment to approximately 60 nm, given the current experimental signal-to-noise ratio. Other potential improvements and limitations of the technique are also discussed.
K-1802 CA Simulation of Solidification process in a Stirred Tank (2001)

The solidification process in a stirred tank is investigated by the use of the two-component cellular automaton method. It is shown that the two-component cellular automaton method is efficient for numerical simulation of the solidification with a moving interface interacting by both velocity and concentration fields. The growth rate is calculated by varying the position of the seed, the number of seeds, the strength of the stirrer, and the solidification coefficient. It is shown that the stirrer has the important effect on both growth pattern and rate.
l-carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and carcinine (β-alanylhistamine) act as natural antioxidants with hydroxyl-radical-scavenging and lipid-peroxidase activities (1994)

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and carcinine (beta-alanylhistamine) are natural imidazole-containing compounds found in the non-protein fraction of mammalian tissues. Carcinine was synthesized by an original procedure and characterized. Both carnosine and carcinine (10-25 mM) are capable of inhibiting the catalysis of linoleic acid and phosphatidylcholine liposomal peroxidation (LPO) by the O2(-.)-dependent iron-ascorbate and lipid-peroxyl-radical-generating linoleic acid 13-monohydroperoxide (LOOH)-activated haemoglobin systems, as measured by thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance. Carcinine and carnosine are good scavengers of OH. radicals, as detected by iron-dependent radical damage to the sugar deoxyribose. This suggests that carnosine and carcinine are able to scavenge free radicals or donate hydrogen ions. The iodometric, conjugated diene and t.l.c. assessments of lipid hydroperoxides (13-monohydroperoxide linoleic acid and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide) showed their efficient reduction and deactivation by carnosine and carcinine (10-25 mM) in the liberated and bound-to-artificial-bilayer states. This suggests that the peroxidase activity exceeded that susceptible to direct reduction with glutathione peroxidase. Imidazole, solutions of beta-alanine, or their mixtures with peptide moieties did not show antioxidant potential. Free L-histidine and especially histamine stimulated iron (II) salt-dependent LPO. Due to the combination of weak metal chelating (abolished by EDTA), OH. and lipid peroxyl radicals scavenging, reducing activities to liberated fatty acid and phospholipid hydroperoxides, carnosine and carcinine appear to be physiological antioxidants able to efficiently protect the lipid phase of biological membranes and aqueous environments.
Single and Multi-Carrier CDMA: Multi-User Detection, Space-Time Spreading, Synchronisation and Standards (2003)

From the Publisher:
This volume is dedicated to a range of CDMA and MC-CDMA transmission aspects of systems designed for communicating over fading wireless channels.
Currently, a technical in-depth book on this subject, which has a similar detailed exposure of the recent advances in CDMA, M-ary CDMA and MC-CDMA, is unavailable. A further attraction of the joint treatment of these topics is that it allows the reader to view their design trade-offs in a comparative context.
Divided into five main parts:
Part I  provides a detailed introduction to the subject of CDMA systems designed for employment in various application
Part II  deals with the currently hot topic of genetic algorithm assisted multiuser detection
Part III  gives a detailed account of new, reduced-complexity M-ary CDMA schemes
Part IV  considers a range of novel MC-CDMA schemes which have the potential of supporting numerous design objectives
Part V  provides an overview of the 3G wireless system proposals and characterises the expected network capacity gains attained with the aid of adaptive CDMA systems
By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment this groundbreaking volume will have appeal to researchers, postgraduate students, academics practising research and development engineers working for wireless communications and computer networking companies, as well as senior undergraduate students and technical managers in the field.
The bandwidth benefits of close-to-chip lumped element matching of microwave high power amplifiers (2002)

The bandwidth benefits of Close-to-Chip matching using lumped elements within the transistor encapsulation compared with Off-Chip matching using distributed elements outside the transistor encapsulation for high power microwave transistors have been simulated at 2 GHz. Simulation results indicate that Close-to-Chip matching using lumped elements gives a wider bandwidth compared with conventional Off-Chip matching using distributed elements.