gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiometric Performance of SMOS Full Polarimetric Imaging (2013)

This work has been conducted in the framework of several projects devoted to assess the performance of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission full-pol measurement mode. Since its launch in November 2009, SMOS is producing dual-polarization brightness temperature synthesized images that are yielding a high scientific return. However, these images are affected by a non-negligible spatial amplitude error, the so-called spatial bias (SB), that degrades geophysical parameter retrieval. This effect is particularly detrimental in SMOS polarimetric images where spatial bias is masking the polarimetric physical signature to a large extend. This paper presents a method to mitigate SMOS spatial bias by taking into account the co- and cross-polar antenna patterns in the image reconstruction algorithm through the, so called, full-pol G-matrix (FPG). The method is validated by producing spatial bias maps out of the comparison between SMOS full-pol images and an accurate polarimetric brightness temperature model of the ocean. This model has been provided to SMOS ESLs (Expert Support Laboratories) by LOCEAN (Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, France) as a test bench to validate and improve SMOS Level 1 (L1) data. Finally, a radiometric performance summary table comparing spatial bias and radiometric sensitivity between this new FPG approach and SMOS current co-polar G-matrix approach (CPG) is provided. This paper presents the best quality SMOS polarimetric images, which may lead a breakthrough in the science returns of the mission.
An investigation of the laser optogalvanic effect for atoms and molecules in recombination-limited plasmas (1984)

In this paper the nature, the characteristics, and the potential applications of the optogalvanic effect are explored in a broad set of experiments. The optogalvanic effect was investigated, for the Ar, Ne, He, Ar+, He+, Cu and Na atoms and N2, H2, CO, CN, NH2, He2, and CuO molecules in recombination-limited hollow cathode plasmas, with the use of dye lasers. Comparative studies of the time dependence of transitions from metastable and non-metastable states of neutrals and non-metastable states of ions were made. Autoionizing transitions in Cu(I) were found to yield very strong OGE signals. An examination of the various processes known to be important in such plasmas indicates that associative ionization is a very effective means for coupling light energy into the plasma. Measurement of Rydberg transitions in the helium dimer suggests that optogalvanic spectroscopy in recombination plasmas may be useful as a way to study such molecules with repulsive ground states by generating them ‘from the top down’ by recombination.
G Proteins in Rat Liver Proliferation During Cholestasis (1994)

Liver proliferation appears to be dually regulated, in part by cyclic AMP levels. Here we studied the alterations in the stimulatory action of cholera toxin and other agents on the adenylyl cyclase system, as well as the status of Gs and Gi protein subunits during the liver proliferation that follows bile duct ligation in rats. The stimulatory effects of glucagon and vasoactive intestinal peptide (which act through membrane receptors) or guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (which interacts with G proteins) and forskolin (which directly activates the adenylyl cyclase catalytic subunit) on liver adenylyl cyclase activity were blunted in cholestasis. The results indicated an impairment in the stimulatory interaction between the alpha s subunit of Gs protein and the adenylyl cyclase catalytic subunit. Indeed, we observed an important decrease in the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by cholera toxin in cholestasis that was accompanied by a reduced extent of [32P]ADP ribosylation of alpha s protein catalyzed by cholera toxin, as revealed by the poor labeling of the 42,000 Da band in liver membranes from cholestatic rats. However, there was no change in the amount of alpha s or beta proteins as measured with immunoblotting techniques. Experiments on [32P]ADP ribosylation of alpha i subunits of Gi proteins indicated an impairment in liver membranes from cholestatic rats, whereas Western blotting for the detection of alpha i subunits showed decreased alpha i3 and increased alpha i2 levels in this condition. Further efforts are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between the observed divergent expression of Gs and Gi proteins and liver cell proliferation in the cholestatic liver.
Circulating microRNAs in young individuals with long-duration type 1 diabetes in comparison with healthy controls (2023)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional control of gene expression and might be used as biomarkers for diabetes-related complications. The aim of this case-control study was to explore potential differences in circulating miRNAs in young individuals with long-duration type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to healthy controls, and how identified miRNAs are expressed across different tissues. Twelve adolescents, age 15.0-17.9 years, with T1D duration of more than 8 years (mean 11.1 years), were enrolled from the Swedish diabetes quality registry. An age-matched control group was recruited. Circulating miRNAs (n = 187) were analyzed by quantitative PCR. We observed that 27 miRNAs were upregulated and one was downregulated in T1D. Six of these miRNAs were tissue-enriched (blood cells, gastrointestinal, nerve, and thyroid tissues). Six miRNAs with the largest difference in plasma, five up-regulated (hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-135a-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p and hsa-miR-410-3p (novel for T1D)) and one down-regulated (hsa-miR-495-3p), with P-values below 0.01, were selected for further in-silico analyses. AKT1, VEGFA and IGF-1 were identified as common targets. In conclusion, 28 of the investigated miRNAs were differently regulated in long-duration T1D in comparison with controls. Several associations with cancer were found for the six miRNAs with the largest difference in plasma.
Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Carbon Nanomaterials (2006)

Carbon nanomaterials are novel manufactured materials, having widespread potential applications. Adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) by carbon nanomaterials may enhance their toxicity and affect the fate, transformation, and transport of HOCs in the environment. In this research, adsorption of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene onto six carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated, which is the first systematic study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorption by various carbon nanomaterials. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were fitted well by the Polanyi-Manes model (PMM). Through both isotherm modeling and constructing "characteristic curve", Polanyi theory was useful to describe the adsorption process of PAHs by the carbon nanomaterials. The three fitted parameters (Q0, a, and b) of PMM depended on both PAH properties and the nature of carbon nanomaterials. For different PAHs, adsorption seems to relate with their molecular size, i.e., the larger the molecular size, the lower the adsorbed volume capacity (Q0), but higher a and b values. For different carbon nanomaterials, adsorption seems to relate with their surface area, micropore volume, and the volume ratios of mesopore to micropore. Quantitative relationships between these sorbent properties and the estimated parameters of PMM were obtained. These relationships may represent a first fundamental step toward establishing empirical equations for quantitative prediction of PAH adsorption by carbon nanomaterials and possibly other forms of carbonaceous (geo-) sorbents, and for evaluating their environmental impact. In addition, high adsorption capacity of PAHs by carbon nanotubes may add to their high environmental risks once released to the environment, and result in potential alteration of PAHs fate and bioavailability in the environment.
On Wide Area Network Optimization (2011)

Applications, deployed over a wide area network (WAN) which may connect across metropolitan, regional or national boundaries, suffer performance degradation owing to unavoidable natural characteristics of WANs such as high latency and high packet loss rate. WAN optimization, also known as WAN acceleration, aims to accelerate a broad range of applications and protocols over a WAN. In this paper, we provide a survey on the state of the art of WAN optimization or WAN acceleration techniques, and illustrate how these acceleration techniques can improve application performance, mitigate the impact of latency and loss, and minimize bandwidth consumption. We begin by reviewing the obstacles in efficiently delivering applications over a WAN. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive survey of the most recent content delivery acceleration techniques in WANs from the networking and optimization point of view. Finally, we discuss major WAN optimization techniques which have been incorporated in widely deployed WAN acceleration products - multiple optimization techniques are leveraged by a single WAN accelerator to improve application performance in general.
The Social Cost of Sharing (2003)

Consumers often share intellectual property. Sometimes sharing is facilitated by intermediaries such as libraries, license servers, used-book shops or video rental stores. Sometimes sharing is illicit, such as with pirated software or Napster. Sometimes sellers of intellectual property welcome sharing, as with site licenses or special prices for libraries, and sometimes they discourage it. Intellectual property that is intended to be shared normally sells for a higher price than intellectual property that is meant to be consumed by individuals. Think, for example, of the differential pricing of journal subscriptions for libraries and individual users. In other cases, such as books, sellers cannot easily discriminate between shared and individual users, so pricing tends to reflect the dominant use. I have examined the pricing behavior of profit-maximizing sellers of intellectual property when sharing is possible in Varian [2000]. Here I examine a related question: what kinds of products are not produced due to sharing? That is, what is the social cost of sharing? 1. THE BASELINE CASE Suppose that there are n consumers, all of whom value a potential product at v. The product costs D to develop, and can be produced a marginal cost of zero. Let p be the price at which the product is sold to the consumers. Then apricep is viable if it (1) leaves the consumers with nonnegative surplus (v − p ≥ 0) and (2) leaves the sellers with non-negative surplus (pn − D ≥ 0). Letting d = D/n be the average development costs, we can write these conditions as
Furan in coffee: pilot studies on formation during roasting and losses during production steps and consumer handling (2010)

The occurrence of furan in some food products has already been known for a few decades, and it has been reconfirmed in more recent investigations that furan is present in a variety of foodstuffs. This list of products includes roasted coffee, which has been shown to generate furan as a result of the heat treatment at roasting which is applied to achieve the desired aroma and flavour profile of a roasted coffee. The objective of this study is to provide data to allow a better understanding of the available data of furan in coffee, the kinetics of furan generated during roasting, and to estimate the reduction of furan levels afterwards due to subsequent processing steps and consumer handling. Finally, the study is meant as a contribution to establish exposure data on the basis of scientific data at the stage of coffee consumption. This paper shows that the formation of furan during roasting is dependent on roasting conditions and is, therefore, directly linked to achieving targeted flavour profiles. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that modifications in process conditions potentially to reduce furan levels may have the opposite effect on other undesired reaction products of the roasting chemistry such as, for example, acrylamide. Due to the high volatility of furan, any subsequent processing step or consumer handling has an impact on the level of furan. As a guidance from this study and in consideration of the identified losses of each process and handling step on the basis of the trial conditions, it is estimated that only approximately 10% of the initially generated furan during roasting gets into the cup of coffee for consumption.
Severe Asthma and Biological Therapy: When, Which, and for Whom (2019)

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. About 5-10% of all asthmatics suffer from severe or uncontrolled asthma, associated with increased mortality and hospitalization, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs. In recent years, new treatments have become available, and different asthma phenotypes characterized by specific biomarkers have been identified. Biological drugs are currently indicated for patients with severe asthma that is not controlled with recommended treatments. They are mostly directed against inflammatory molecules of the type 2 inflammatory pathway and are effective at reducing exacerbations, maintaining control over asthma symptoms, and reducing systemic steroid use, which is associated with well-known adverse events. Although biological drugs for severe asthma have had a major impact on the management of the disease, there is still a need for head-to-head comparison studies of biologics and to identify new biomarkers for asthma diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. Identifying novel biomarkers could facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that are precisely tailored to each patient's requirements.
Anti‐rasburicase antibodies induce clinical refractoriness by inhibiting the enzyme catalytic activity (2020)

Appendix Supplementary Material Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Influence of daily environmental temperature cycles on composition of cows' milk (1959)

This bulletin reports on Department of Dairy Husbandry Research Project 55, Diet and Growth--P. [2].
Chemistry of Germanium-Characteristics and Similarity as a Group 14 Element. Interesting Properties of Germanium-Based Compounds and Radical Cations. A Theoretical Study. (1994)

ゲルマニウムを骨格にもつ芳香族化合物,多面体化合物,ラジカルカチオンの特性をab initio分子軌道計算を用いて理論的に研究した.具体的には,(1)ベンゼンと多環式芳香族化合物のナフタレン,アントラセン,ナフタセンおよびペンタセンの骨格炭素をすべてゲルマニウムで置換したときの構造と電子的特性,(2)ゲルマニウムを骨格にもつテトラヘドラン,[n]プリズマン(n=3-10),ドデカヘドランなどの多面体化合物の歪みエネルギー(3)シクロトリゲルマン,ビシクロ[1.1.0]テトラゲルマン,ペンタゲルマ[1.1.1]プロペランおよびヘテロ原子置換体のイオン化による興味深い構造変化を明らかにした.ゲルマニウム骨格の特性を系統的に明らかにするために,対応する炭素,ケイ素,スズおよび鉛化合物とそのラジカルカチオンの同様な計算結果とも比較した.これらより,ゲルマニウムに特有な興味深い物性と新規な構造をいくつか予測した.
Synthesis of [3-D3]-, [3-13C]-, and [1,2-13C2]Propynes and Their Use for the Synthesis of [5-D3-Methyl]-, [5-13C-Methyl]-, and [5,6-13C2-2,5-Cyclohexadienyl]ubiquinones 3 (2000)

Three selectively labeled propynes were prepared either with deuterium or carbon-13 at position 3 and doubly labeled with carbon-13 at positions 1 and 2 by an alkylation reaction from the corresponding labeled or unlabeled monolithio acetylides and dimethylsulfates. Their lithiation with nBuLi gave the corresponding propynyllithium derivatives which reacted with dimethyl squarate to afford the corresponding propargylic alcohols. These were thermolysed in p-xylene to furnish [5-D3-methyl]-, [5-13C-methyl]-, and [5,6-13C2-2,5-cyclohexadienyl]ubiquinone. The farnesyl side chain was introduced onto the labeled quinones with farnesyl trimethyltin under BF3 catalysis to provide [5-D3-methyl]-, [5-13C-methyl]-, and [5,6-13C2-2,5-cyclohexadienyl]ubiquinone 3 (6c, 6b, 6a, respectively).
Efecto del uso perinatal de antibióticos sobre la microbiota del niño prematuro (2015)

Trabajo presentado en la 9ª Reunión de la Red Española de Bacterias Lácticas, celebrado en Madrid el 29 y 30 de Junio de 2015
Surface and Bulk-Silicon-Micromachined Optical Displacement Sensor Fabricated With the SwIFT-Lite™ Process (2006)

For many micromachined sensors such as microphones and accelerometers, optical displacement sensing may have advantages over capacitive sensing-offering potentially high-displacement sensitivity independent of sensor area and gap height. A particular diffraction-based optical displacement sensor design consisting of a sensing diaphragm suspended over a rigid grated electrode has demonstrated advantages in terms of sensitivity, integration and stability. When illuminated from the backside, this structure generates a zeroth and complementary higher order diffracted beams whose intensities are modulated by the diaphragm displacement with the sensitivity of a regular Michelson interferometer. In previous work, acoustic devices surface micromachined on quartz substrates using aluminum for the diaphragm and grating were presented and characterized. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of a surface- and bulk-silicon micromachined diffraction-based optical microphone structure fabricated with Sandia National Laboratories' SwIFT-Litetrade process, which uses silicon nitride and polysilicon structural materials that have been employed extensively in MEMS and form a more thermally matched material set robust against corrosion and fatigue. The process introduces a new design space to microscale optical displacement sensing, enabling large, soft structures with perforated back-plates ideal for microphone and inertial-sensor designs
Supplemental Data In Vivo-Restricted and Reversible Malignancy Induced by Human Herpesvirus-8/KSHV: A Cell and Animal Model of Virally Induced Kaposi’s Sarcoma (2007)

LANA, K8, and Kaposin Immunofluorescence The cell monolayers and frozen sections or paraffin embedded sections from tumors were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, washed with PBS and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton-X in PBS 30 min. After blocking in PBS containing 10% FBS for 20 min, samples were incubated 1 h at 37°C with anti-LANA 1:1000, or anti-K8.1 1: 3000 (Advanced Biotechnologies, Columbia, MD), and anti-Kaposin 1:500 (Chemicon, Temecula, CA). After PBS washing, samples were incubated another hour with secondary antibodies, anti-rat IgG or antimouse IgG, respectively, conjugated to Cy3 or Cy5 1: 100 (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA), washed again and incubated with DAPI 0.5 ug/ml in water for 5 min. Samples were mounted in glycerol 50% in PBS. Pictures were taken using an Olympus fluorescent microscope equipped with a digital camera and a Zeiss LSM-510 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope.
Adaptogenic activity of a complex biomedication based on a northern renewable raw material. (2016)

It is considered statistically significant that a bicomponent plant mechanocomplex based on this filler - lichen β-oligosaccharides and small amounts of Rhodiola rosea has a wide spectrum of adaptogenic action, increasing the resistance of laboratory animals to the effects of physical exercise and a variety of extreme factors.
[Rhomboid flap in radical surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal fistulas: technical notes]. (2007)

The Authors report their experience in surgical management of sacrococcygeal fistulas treated by radical excision and subcutaneous/cutaneous rhomboid flap. This is a simple, safe surgical technique and the patients can be treated in day surgery by spinal anesthesia.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Optically Active 13β‐Methyl 14β‐Hydroxy Steroid via Base‐Catalyzed Reactions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Context‐Dependent Enhancement of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming by Silencing Puma (2012)

Reprogramming of the somatic state to pluripotency can be induced by a defined set of transcription factors including Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc [Cell 2006;126:663-676]. These induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise in human therapy and disease modeling. However, tumor suppressive activities of p53, which are necessary to prevent persistence of DNA damage in mammalian cells, have proven a serious impediment to formation of iPSCs [Nat Methods 2011;8:409-412]. We examined the requirement for downstream p53 activities in suppressing efficiency of reprogramming as well as preventing persistence of DNA damage into the early iPSCs. We discovered that the majority of the p53 activation occurred through early reprogramming-induced DNA damage with the activated expression of the apoptotic inducer Puma and the cell cycle inhibitor p21. While Puma deficiency increases reprogramming efficiency only in the absence of c-Myc, double deficiency of Puma and p21 has achieved a level of efficiency that exceeded that of p53 deficiency alone. We further demonstrated that, in both the presence and absence of p21, Puma deficiency was able to prevent any increase in persistent DNA damage in early iPSCs. This may be due to a compensatory cellular senescent response to reprogramming-induced DNA damage in pre-iPSCs. Therefore, our findings provide a potentially safe approach to enhance iPSC derivation by transiently silencing Puma and p21 without compromising genomic integrity.
Polymer blends for directed self-assembly (2013)

The advantage of blend DSA (Directed Self Assembly) is milder anneal condition than PS-b-PMMA BCP DSA materials and availability of conventional instruments. In this paper, blend type DSA was applied for hole patterning. Target patterns were contact hole and oval hole. Polymer phase separation behavior has been studied from the point of &chi;N. In the case of polymer blend, χN needs to be more than 2 to give phase separation. At first the effect of polymer size was studied. When the polymer weight was low, the shrunk hole was not clean because of low &chi;N. Furthermore, the correlation of shrink amount and &chi;N was studied. Higher &chi;N polymer blend system gave higher shrink amount. High &chi;N polymer systems give clear interface, then the intermixing area would be reduced, then the attached polymer blend part became larger. The polymer blend ratio effect was also investigated. The blend ratio was varied for polymer A/ polymer B=70/30-50/50. The shrink amount of oval hole was reduced with increasing the ratio of polymer B. However, the shrink amount ratio of CDY/CDX was almost constant (~3).
Why seek fusion from cavitation: Molecular dynamic simulations and a detector capable of time correlated single neutron counting (2003)

The blackbody spectra, and similar sonoluminescence intensities of He and Xe bubbles suggest that the interior of a sonoluminescing bubble is highly stressed and dense. Molecular dynamic simulations indicate interior temperatures which are enhanced by thermal conduction and can approach 1 MK. Furthermore the gas passes through states where the mean free path is larger than the distance over which temperature varies and so calls into question the value of theories based on hydrodynamics. To search for rare fusion events a neutron detector with 25% total discriminated quantum efficiency has been built. It can time stamp neutron arrival and sonoluminescence to better than 1 ns and record tracks on the fly. [Work supported by DARPA.]