gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natures Carbohydrate Chemists The Enzymatic Glycosylation of Bioactive Bacterial Metabolites (2001)

A recent estimate suggests roughly 70percent of current lead compounds in modern drug discovery derive directly from the natural products, many of which are glycosylated bacterial metabolites. Thus, bacterial glycosyltransferases and their corresponding sugar substrates contribute significantly to the diversity of pharmaceutically important metabolites. This review summarizes (i) the role that carbohydrates contribute to biologically active bacterial metabolites, (ii ) a sequence homology classification of known glycosyltransferases from these systems and (iii) the potential impact pathway engineering and combinatorial biocatalysis may have on increasing carbohydrate-ligand diversity. While the number of glycosylated bacterial metabolites is vast, this review limits itself to glycosides with considerable published information pertaining to biological activity and biosynthesis.
Surgical Therapy for Coronary Disease: Randomized and Observational Studies-Reply (1990)

In Reply.— Dr Mark's letter recalled Gehan's 1 quotation of Dr Emil Frei: People who insist that all studies must be randomized, on the one hand, and those who insist that all studies should be historical control on the other, share one thing in common—they are both equally wrong. form of inductive reasoning can deliver a demonstratively certain conclusion. All inductive evidence has limitations, as well as subjectivity, and produces an inference supporting a conclusion at a given probability. Both randomized and observational studies are useful, or even complementary, and the key to either is understanding advantages and limitations for a given question, performing meticulous analysis, and properly interpreting results. To quote Gehan 1 : No clinical trial—whether randomized or not—is an entity unto itself. It should instead be considered as one stage in an evolving research programme. Randomized trials minimize selection bias and differences between treatment groups. They are
All-Surface Induction Heating With High Efficiency and Space Invariance Enabled by Arraying Squircle Coils in Square Lattice (2018)

This paper reports an all-surface induction heating system that enables efficient heating at a constant speed all over the surface independent of the specific location on the surface. In the proposed induction system, squircle coils are placed tangentially in a two-dimensional square lattice as opposed to commonly used hexagonal packing. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a simple model setup was constructed using a 3×3 coil array along with a steel plate to be inductively heated. To model surface heating, a set of six locations for the plate was designated considering symmetry points. For all of these cases, power dissipated by the system and the plate's transient heating were recorded. Independent from the specific plate position, almost equal heating speeds were measured for the similar levels of dissipated energies in the system. Using full three-dimensional electromagnetic solutions, the experimental results were also verified. The findings indicate that the proposed system is proved to enable energy efficient space-invariant heating in all-surface induction hobs.
Inhibition of STAT5 by IL-1β or the Inhibitor of Janus Kinases Stimulates Dormant Human Leukemia Stem Cells and Sensitizes Them to Anti-Leukemia Agents. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 1597 Poster Board I-623 Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are in a quiescent state, which maybe contributes to their drug-resistant character. It is essential to eradicate LSCs to develop curative therapy for leukemia. To verify molecular mechanisms by which LSCs maintain a dormant state, we examined the activity of the major pro-survival signal pathways in LSCs (CD34+/CD38- compartment) and non-LSCs (CD34+/CD38+ compartment) counterparts from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, n=3) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n=1) by FACS. Interestingly, LSCs compartment expressed a greater amount of the phosphorylated forms of STAT5 (p-STAT5) than non-LSCs counterparts in all patients. Further studies found that levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) were significantly down-regulated in LSCs compared with non-LSCs (p&lt;0.05) and normal hematopoietic stem cells (p&lt;0.01), as measured by real-time RT-PCR. Importantly, exposure of LSCs to IL-1b (50 ng/ml) dephosphorylated STAT5 and decreased the population of cells in a dormant state, as assessed by cell cycle analysis. In addition, blockade of JAK2/STAT5 signaling by the specific JAK2 inhibitor AZ960 stimulated cell-cycling in LSCs in conjunction with down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1. As expected, IL-1b and AZ960 sensitized LSCs to cytarabine and the inhibitor of the FLT3 kinase, as assessed by clonogenic assay. Moreover, this study found that LSCs expressed a greater amount of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL than non-LSCs counterparts. Exposure of LSCs to AZ960 potently induced apoptosis in parallel with down-regulation of Bcl-xL, as assessed by induction of the cleaved forms of PARP. Taken together, JAK2/STAT5 signaling may be a promising molecular target to eradicate LSCs in individuals with AML and ALL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Genetic Variability of Human Respiratory Coronavirus OC43 (2005)

A recent paper by J. R. St-Jean and colleagues reported the complete genome sequences of the human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) laboratory strain from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and an HCoV-OC43 clinical isolate, designated Paris (7). The ATCC HCoV-OC43 (VR759) strain originated in 1967 and was passaged several times in suckling mouse brain and in cell culture. The contemporary HCoV-OC43 Paris strain was isolated in 2001 and was subsequently cultured in an HRT-18 cell line by the authors. A high degree of genetic stability was stated for HCoV-OC43 since only six nucleotide variations in the whole genome could be observed between both HCoV-OC43 strains, with isolation dates 34 years apart. There are, however, some arguments to suggest that the HCoV-OC43 genome is not as stable as suggested by the authors and that the HCoV-OC43 Paris strain might not be a contemporary strain but might be a result of cross-contamination with the ATCC HCoV-OC43 strain.
Giant resonance frequency tunable magnetoelectric effect in a device of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 drum transducer, NdFeB magnet, and Fe-core solenoid (2010)

Magnetoelectric (ME) effect has been studied in a device of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) drum transducer, NdFeB magnet, and Fe-core solenoid. A unique ME effect is found to originate from the magnetic force-induced effectively amplified piezoelectric effect. Under the application of a magnet with dimensions of ϕ22×7.6 mm2, a giant ME coefficient of 13.2 V/cm Oe and a power density of 16.4 μW∕Oe across a 14 kΩ resistor were obtained at the first order radial resonance frequency of 650 Hz. Importantly, with increasing magnet mass, the resonance frequency decreases, while the resonance ME effect first increases and then decreases, which means a tunable resonance ME effect.
Three-phase Brushless DC Motor Control (2012)

With the increasing demand of using electric power and unpleasant of using brush motor; the usage of Three-phase Brushless Motor has been significantly developed in industry. However, with market-standard motor driver, there are many inconveniences for small institutions or companies in either application developments or education purposes. For instance, the size and the price of driver. Therefore, the object of this thesis was design modular sections (Software program, PCB driver and PCB connectors) to drive a brushless DC motor. The entire works are divided into four steps. 1) Pre-study, is for designing a circuit schematic and according to that to select the relevant components. 2) PCB design is for the hardware driver PCB design. This makes a flexible for size of hardware driver board. 3) Software programming, in this case, is based on M16C62P microcontroller in embedded C programming. The software control could also be done by FPGA or other types of microcontrollers as long as the minimum requirements are fulfilled. This makes a software control function flexible. 4) System testing tests system functionality and stability as well as PCB board and Software programming functionalities. With all work, the motor could finally be driven by microcontroller and hardware drivers with high level currents. The various possibilities can also be chosen to drive the Three-phase Brushless DC Motor with users demand and cheap price.
Sprouty2 downregulation plays a pivotal role in mediating crosstalk between TGF‐β1 signaling and EGF as well as FGF receptor tyrosine kinase‐ERK pathways in mesenchymal cells (2007)

Mammalian Sprouty2 (Spry2) is a key regulator of the receptor tyrosine kinase/ERK signaling pathway and is involved in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and embryonic lung branching morphogenesis. Previous studies have shown that Spry2 expression is upregulated by many mitogens, particularly epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In contrast, we report that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), which stimulates the growth of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, induced a dose dependent decrease of mouse Spry2 protein level within 24-h of treatment, and this effect was mediated by a MAP kinase-independent pathway. A concomitant reduction of the level of Spry2 mRNA indicates the involvement of a transcriptional mechanism, which requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand, the turnover rate of Spry2 protein was increased by TGF-beta1 treatment, suggesting enhanced Spry2 degradation. Treatment with lysosomal inhibitors, but not proteasome inhibitors, prevented the degradation of Spry2, thus, indicating that the degradation of Spry2 is mediated through the lysosomal pathway in Swiss 3T3 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TGF-beta1 signaling can modulate EGF and FGF-induced ERK-MAP kinase activation by controlling Spry2 expression and function. Moreover, rescue of the TGF-beta1-induced downregulation of Spry2 by gene over-expression led to inhibition of the mitogenic effect of TGF-beta1 in Swiss 3T3 cells. Together, the combined operation of transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms suggests that regulation of Spry2 is a crucial event and emphasizes the important role that Spry2 plays in controlling cell behaviors.
Selective blockade of NMDA‐activated channel currents may be implicated in learning deficits caused by lead (1990)

The effect of Pb2+ on glutamate receptor activity in rat hippocampal neurons was investigated with a view of explaining the cognitive and learning deficits produced by this heavy metal. Pb2+ (2.5-50 microM) selectively inhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced whole-cell and single-channel currents in a concentration-dependent but voltage-independent manner, without significantly altering currents induced by either quisqualate or kainate. The frequency of NMDA-induced channel activation was decreased by Pb2+. Neither glycine (10-100 microM), nor Ca2+ (10 mM) reversed the effect of Pb2+. Pb2+ also inhibited the [3H]MK-801 binding to rat hippocampal membranes in vitro. The elucidation of the actions of Pb2+ on the NMDA receptor ion channel complex provides important insights into the clinical and toxic effects of this cation.
The secondary iron oxidehydroxide mineralogy of some deep-sea and fossil manganese nodules: A Moessbauer and X-ray study. (1978)

Mössbauer spectroscopy utilizing precise computer-based curve fitting procedures and X-ray diffraction methods have been used to study four deep-sea and one fossil marine manganese nodule. They have shown that X-ray amorphous goethite (α-FeOOH) and probably akaganéite (β-FeOOH) are the secondary iron oxidehydroxide phases present in the deep-sea nodules. The fossil nodule contained goethite with a larger particle size (approx. 350Å) which had presumably been formed by the recrystallization of X-ray amorphous goethite and/or the alteration of the metastable akaganéite.
(Rose Bengal)/(Eosin Yellow)-Gold-Polypyrrole Hybrids: A Design for Dual Photo-Active Nano-System with Ultra-High Loading Capacity (2021)

Abdullah I El-Kholy,1 Doaa Abdel Fadeel,1 Maha Nasr,2 Ibrahim El-Sherbiny,3 Maha Fadel1 1Department of Medical Applications of Laser, Pharmaceutical Nano-Technology Unit, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Nanomaterials Lab, Center for Materials Science, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza, EgyptCorrespondence: Maha Fadel Tel +20 1001649550Fax +20 35729499Email mahafmali@niles.edu.egPurpose: Enhancement of the photodynamic/photothermal efficiency of two water-soluble dyes, rose bengal (RB) and eosin yellow (EY), via conjugation to a polymeric nano-system gold-polypyrrole nanoparticle (AuPpy NPs).Methodology: A multi-step synthesis method and an in situ one-pot synthesis method were used. Loading percentage, particle size, zeta potential, morphology, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry and in vitro photothermal activity were measured. Then, both hybrid nanocomposites were examined for their cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity on HepG2 cell line as a model for cancer cells.Results: Dyes loaded in the traditional multi-step method did not exceed 9% w/w, while in the one-pot synthesis method they reached ∼ 67% w/w and ∼ 75% w/w for EY-AuPpy NPs and RB-AuPpy NPs, respectively. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry showed that both nano-systems exhibited intense absorption in the NIR region. The mean size of the nanoparticles was ∼ 31.5 nm (RB-AuPpy NPs) and ∼ 33.6 nm (EY-AuPpy NPs) with zeta potential values of − 26.5 mV and − 33 mV, respectively. TEM imaging revealed the morphology of both hybrids, showing ultra-nano spherical-shaped gold cores in the case of RB-AuPpy NPs, and different shapes of larger gold cores in the case of EY-AuPpy NPs, both embedded in the polymer film. Conjugation to AuPpy was found to significantly reduce the dark cytotoxicity of both RB and EY, preserving the photocytotoxicity of EY and enhancing the photocytotoxicity of RB.Conclusion: Gold-polypyrrole nanoparticles represent an effective delivery system to improve the photodynamic and photothermal properties of RB and EY. The in situ one-pot synthesis method provided a means to greatly increase the loading capacity of AuPpy NPs. While both hybrid nanocomposites exhibited greatly diminished dark cytotoxicity, RB-AuPpy NPs showed significantly enhanced photocytotoxicity compared to the free dyes. This pattern enables the safe use of both dyes in high concentrations with sustained action, reducing dose frequency and side effects.Keywords: polypyrrole nanoparticles, polymerization, nano-system, photosensitizer, photocytotoxicity
A novel nonlinear backstepping-based control approach for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle transportation systems (2017)

In this paper, a novel control scheme is proposed for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) transportation systems. The proposed control law successfully achieves efficient quadrotor transferring and rapid swing elimination simultaneously. Specially, by analyzing the interconnected form of the system, the virtual control input for the outer loop is constructed via an energy-based analysis method, so as to compute the applied thrust and the desired roll angle of the quadrotor. As for the inner loop, a backstepping control method is utilized without the introduction of the time-scale separation principle, and the equilibrium point of the overall close-loop system is proven to be asymptotically stable by Lyapunov techniques and LaSalle's invariance theorem. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed control law's superior performance and good robustness against various uncertainties.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of β,γ-Unsaturated Amines from Alkenes via α,β-Unsaturated Diphenylsulfonium Salts (2003)

Abstract 1,1-Disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes were converted into the corresponding β,γ-unsaturated amines 4 via three steps: the initial formation of α,β-unsaturated diphenylsulfonium triflates 2 from alkenes and diphenyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1), followed by double bond migration of 2 to β,γ-unsaturated sulfonium triflates 3 with primary or secondary amines, and successive nucleophilic substitution of 3 with these amines.
A novel mast cell growth factor (MCGF-3) produced by marrow-adherent cells that synergizes with interleukin 3 and interleukin 4. (1990)

A clonal marrow-adherent stromal cell line, +/+-1 LDA11, was derived and found to produce hemopoietic stimulatory activity for an interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent mast cell line, NFS/N1. This factor-dependent mast cell line displayed restricted growth factor responsiveness to only IL-3, interleukin 4 (IL-4), and the stromal cell-produced factor. The factor produced by stromal cells was distinguished from IL-3 and IL-4 and was characterized biochemically. This factor appears to be a novel mast cell growth factor (MCGF-3) capable of synergizing with IL-3 and IL-4. It may have broader reactivity in hemopoiesis than simply IL-3-dependent mast cells, and it may prove relevant to stromal cell-mediated hemopoiesis.
Gradual changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water in selectively vulnerable brain regions following brief ischemia in the gerbil (2005)

Although selective vulnerability and delayed neuronal death following global ischemia have been recognized in both the human and animal brain, the underlying mechanisms of cell damage are not fully understood. In this study we investigated the time-dependent changes of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a classic animal model of selective vulnerability and delayed neuronal death, using magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging. CBF was monitored using the noninvasive MR arterial spin labeling method called flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR). Bilateral common carotid occlusion was induced for 5 min, followed by 10 hr of reperfusion in a gerbil model. The most notable finding was that the lateral portion of the striatum in the basal ganglia exhibited a prolonged and gradual ADC decrease throughout the study following reperfusion. This pattern was not exhibited within the cortex. It is suggested that regions known to exhibit so-called delayed cell death progress to infarction via a gradual process that can be monitored by MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Effects of promoter methylation on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) expression in prostate cancer (2006)

1585 Tumor invasion and metastasis are known to involve a complex series of integrated events consisting of tumor cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis, and cell migration within the surrounding microenvironment. The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of four secreted inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because TIMPs play a significant role in suppressing tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, we first examined the levels of TIMPs and MMPs in normal prostate epithelial cells as well as prostate cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potentials using reverse transcription PCR, immunoblot analysis, zymography and reverse zymography. The results of our experiments demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between TIMP and MMP (e.g., MMP-9 and MMP-2) protein levels and the invasive ability of normal and prostate cancer cells. Detectable levels of TIMPs were observed only in normal prostate epithelial cells, but not in metastatic prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145, PC3 and Tramp-C1. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of TIMPs in prostate cancer remains elusive. Here, we studied the mechanism of TIMP-2 expression in prostate cancer cell lines using methylation-specific PCR to analyze the methylation status of the promoter region of the TIMP-2 gene. We found the methylated CpG island in the TIMP-2 promoter in the metastatic prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145, PC3 and Tramp-C1, but not in TIMP-2-expressing normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE1, which contains an unmethylated CpG island in the TIMP-2 promoter region. Furthermore, the expression of TIMP2 was restored after treatment with epigenetic silencing modifiers 5-aza and TSA. These results show, for the first time, that TIMP2 expression is regulated in part by promoter methylation in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, the restoration of TIMP-2 expression in highly metastatic prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor cell invasion as indicated by a matrigel invasion assay. Together, these results suggest an inverse expression pattern of MMP-9/MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Promoter methylation of TIMP-2 is a novel epigenetic event in the complex, multi-step process of prostate cancer progression and may contribute to a malignant phenotype. Because TIMP-2 was only expressed by normal prostate cells, silencing of its expression might be an effective molecular indicator of prostate cancer metastasis.
Parameter set estimation of systems with uncertain nonparametric dynamics and disturbances (1990)

A method is presented for parameter set estimation of open-loop stable systems with uncertain parameters and quasi-stationary disturbances. The system model is assumed to contain both parametric and nonparametric uncertainty. Parameter set estimates are obtained from finite data records and the parameter set of the true plant is contained in the estimated sets with high probability. Some numerical examples are given to support the theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TRIF signaling is essential for TLR4-driven IgE class switching (IRM5P.707) (2014)

Abstract The TLR4 ligand LPS causes mouse B cells to undergo IgE and IgG1 isotype switching in the presence of IL-4. TLR4 activates two signaling pathways mediated by the adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRAM, which recruits TRIF. Following stimulation with LPS+IL-4, Tram-/- and Trif-/- B cells completely failed to express Cε germ line transcripts (GLT) and secrete IgE. In contrast, Myd88-/- B cells had normal expression of Cγ1 GLT, but reduced IgE secretion in response to LPS+IL-4. Following LPS+IL-4 stimulation, Cγ1 GLT expression was modestly reduced in Tram-/- and Trif-/- B cells, whereas Aicda expression and IgG1 secretion were reduced in Tram-/-,Trif-/-, and Myd88-/- B cells. B cells from all strains secreted normal amounts of IgE and IgG1 in response to anti-CD40+IL-4. Following stimulation with LPS+IL-4, Trif-/- B cells failed to sustain NFκB p65 nuclear translocation beyond 3 hours and had reduced binding of p65 to the Iε promoter. Addition of the NFκB inhibitor, JSH-23, to wild-type B cells 15 hours after LPS+IL-4 stimulation selectively blocked Cε GLT expression and IgE secretion, but had little effect on Cγ1 GLT expression and IgG secretion. These results indicate that sustained activation of NFκB driven by TRIF is essential for LPS+IL-4 driven activation of the Cε locus and class switching to IgE.