gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for the formation of nitrogen-filled voids after annealing of GaN on a sapphire substrate (2018)

This study investigated the formation of nitrogen-filled voids at the interface between a GaN layer grown on a sapphire substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. These voids were formed in the sapphire substrate at the interface after annealing and previous research shows that they can induce an inversion domain in AlN, which affects the film quality and the device performance. We investigated the void formation using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The voids are known to originate from the decomposition of sapphire in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen. Our analysis confirmed that the outgassing reaction between the decomposing sapphire and the low temperature GaN buffer layer resulted in the diffusion of aluminum and oxygen into the GaN buffer layer. During the annealing process, oxygen ions replaced nitrogen ions and created nitrogen-filled voids at the interface between the GaN buffer layer and the sapphire substrate. The presence of molecular nitrogen in the voids was confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy.
Kankakee River Basin in Illinois: hydraulics, hydrology, river geometry, and sand bars interim report (2000)

This interim report summarizes the work completed within the first nine months of the project. This report summarizes all of the existing streamflow records for Illinois and for two stations from Indiana, lists the available literature, and describes the field trip to the site. Analyses of the bed and bank material samples collected during the field trip also are included. Maps of the bank lines from the Route 30 Bridge in Indiana to the confluence of the Kankakee River with the Des Plaines River have been completed and will be available with the final report.\nBank conditions of the entire main stem of the Kankakee River from the Route 30 Bridge in Indiana to its confluence with the Des Plaines River are also summarized. This includes general bank conditions, shoreline stability, erosion sites and severity, pumping stations, log and tree jams, and other features.\nAdditional work on the surveying of the river and sand bar geometries is now being done. A final report will be prepared that summarizes all of the existing and newly collected data on hydraulics, hydrology, sediment transport, bed and bank material distributions, and sedimentation patterns.
Understanding Solid Electrolyte Interface Film Formation on Graphite Electrodes (2001)

Using ac impedance, we studied the formation process of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on graphite electrode during initial cycles. Results show that the SEI formation takes place through two major stages. The first stage takes place at voltages above 0.25 V (before lithiation of graphite), during which a loose and highly resistive film is formed. The second stage occurs at a narrow voltage range of 0.25-0.04 V, which proceeds simultaneously with lithiation of graphite electrode. In the second stage, a stable, compact, and highly conductive SEI film is produced. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Adaptive Exploitation of Residual Redundancy in Iterative Source-Channel Decoding (2007)

Iterative source-channel decoding (ISCD) aims at the exploitation of the time-variant residual redundancy of the source samples, e.g., source codec parameters, for error concealment and quality improvements. In most previous publications the receiver had perfect knowledge of the amount of residual redundancy. This assumption would require a reliable, i.e. highly redundant, transmission of side information. In contrast, in this paper we present a relatively simple scheme, yet efficient and robust, by which the residual redundancy at the receiver can be estimated accurately without any side information, and then can be exploited adaptively. We present the achievable performance gains in an ISCD system including the estimation of the residual source redundancy at the receiver for various scenarios. Several methods of different performance and computational complexity are proposed, with some of them even outperforming a system with perfect side information. The latter, not quite intuitive fact, is explained in the paper.
Electrolytic Conductivity as a Quality Indicator for Bioethanol (2014)

We present results of the European Metrology Research Project on the SI traceability of electrolytic conductivity measurements in bioethanol. As a first step to this aim secondary conductivity measurements have been performed to characterize reproducibility, stability, measurement uncertainty and the significance of the measurement results. The relative standard measurement uncertainty is of the order 0.3%, while inter-laboratory reproducibility is around 6.9%. The measured conductivities of two samples from different sources show a relative difference of around 30%. These results show that conductivity is an appropriate quality indicator for bioethanol. However, it also demonstrates that inter-laboratory reproducibility has to be improved, in particular with respect to SI traceability.
CD57 and γδ T‐cell receptor expression in nodal metastatic spread of melanoma (2011)

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (5): 575–576
Long-Term Impact of Smoking on Lung Epithelial Proliferation in Current and Former Smokers (2001)

Smoking appears to elicit a dose-related proliferative response in the bronchial epithelia of active smokers. Although the proliferative response decreased gradually in former smokers, a subset of individuals had detectable proliferation for many years and may benefit from targeted chemoprevention. Bronchial epithelial proliferation, measured by Ki-67, may provide a useful biomarker in the assessment of lung cancer risk and in the response to chemopreventive interventions.
Identification of a dual‐specificity protein phosphatase that inactivates a MAP kinase fromArabidopsis (1998)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a key role in plant responses to stress and pathogens. Activation and inactivation of MAPKs involve phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on both threonine and tyrosine residues in the kinase domain. Here we report the identification of an Arabidopsis gene encoding a dual-specificity protein phosphatase capable of hydrolysing both phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine in protein substrates. This enzyme, designated AtDsPTP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase), dephosphorylated and inactivated AtMPK4, a MAPK member from the same plant. Replacement of a highly conserved cysteine by serine abolished phosphatase activity of AtDsPTP1, indicating a conserved catalytic mechanism of dual-specificity protein phosphatases from all eukaryotes.
ICE (Integrated clinical education) is hot: Empowering students to succeed and lead in the clinical setting through early introduction (2015)

Clinical education in an ever changing healthcare environment is increasingly difficult. Productivity demands and decreasing reimbursement have resulted in decreased placement offers. Supplementing and enhancing preparation for real world practice has been used in the Ft. Lauderdale based physical therapy curriculum for over 15 years. While the practice was rare at its inception, the concept of ICE – Integrated Clinical Education, is now at the forefront of viable options for alternatives to traditional physical therapy clinical education facilitating the development of leaders in the clinic.
A Solid Trap and Thermal Desorption System with Application to a Medical Electronic Nose (2008)

In this paper, a solid trap/thermal desorption-based odorant gas condensation system has been designed and implemented for measuring low concentration odorant gas. The technique was successfully applied to a medical electronic nose system. The developed system consists of a flow control unit, a temperature control unit and a sorbent tube. The theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that gas condensation, together with the medical electronic nose system can significantly reduce the detection limit of the nose system and increase the system’s ability to distinguish low concentration gas samples. In addition, the integrated system can remove the influence of background components and fluctuation of operational environment. Even with strong disturbances such as water vapour and ethanol gas, the developed system can classify the test samples accurately.
Self-consistent studies of magnetic thin film Ni (001) (1979)

Advances in experimental methods for studying surface phenomena have provided the stimulus to develop theoretical methods capable of interpreting this wealth of new information. Of particular interest have been the relative roles of bulk and surface contributions since in several important cases agreement between experiment and bulk self-consistent (SC) calculations within the local spin density functional formalism (LSDF) is lacking. We discuss our recent extension of the (LSDF) approach to the study of thin films (slabs) and the role of surface effects on magnetic properties. Results are described for Ni (001) films using our new SC numerical basis set LCAO method. Self-consistency within the superposition of overlapping spherical atomic charge density model is obtained iteratively with the atomic configuration as the adjustable parameter. Results are presented for the electronic charge densities and local density of states. The origin and role of (magnetic) surface states is discussed by comparison with results of earlier bulk calculations.
Encounter Features of Collision Risk in the West Side Sea Area of Izu Oshima using OZT (2018)

It is possible to analyze ship behaviors including encounter frequency of other ship using AIS data.
Model Building for Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models (1994)

Nonlinear mixed effects models involve both fixed effects and random effects. Model building for nonlinear mixed effects is the process of determining the characteristics of both the fixed and the random effects so as to give an adequate but parsimonious model. We describe procedures based on information criterion statistics for comparing different structures of the random effects component. These include procedures for determining which parameters in the model should be mixed effects and which should be purely fixed effects, as well as procedures for modeling the dependence of parameters on cluster-specific covariates. These methods are illustrated using the nonlinear mixed effects methods and classes for S-plus and using data sets from a laboratory pharmacokinetic study and from a pharmacokinetics clinical study.
Binding of 14-3-3beta to the carboxyl terminus of Wee1 increases Wee1 stability, kinase activity, and G2-M cell population. (2000)

Wee1 protein kinase plays an important regulatory role in cell cycle progression. It inhibits Cdc-2 activity by phosphorylating Tyr15 and arrests cells at G2-M phase. In an attempt to understand Wee1 regulation during cell cycle, yeast two-hybrid screening was used to identify Wee1-binding protein(s). Five of the eight positive clones identified encode 14-3-3beta. In vivo binding assay in 293 cells showed that both full-length and NH2-terminal truncated Wee1 bind with 14-3-3beta. The 14-3-3beta binding site was mapped to a COOH-terminal consensus motif, RSVSLT (codons 639 to 646). Binding with 14-3-3beta increases the protein level of full-length Wee1 but not of the truncated Wee1. Accompanying the protein level increases, the kinase activity of Wee1 also increases when coexpressed with 14-3-3beta. Increased Wee1 protein level/enzymatic activity is accountable, at least in part, to an increased Wee1 protein half-life when coexpressed with 14-3-3beta. The protein half-life of the NH2-terminal truncated Wee1 is much longer than that of the full-length protein and is not affected by 14-3-3beta cotransfection. Biologically, 14-3-3beta/Wee1 coexpression increases the cell population at G2-M phase. Thus, Wee1 binding with 14-3-3beta increases its biochemical activity as well as its biological function. The finding reveals a novel mechanism by which 14-3-3 regulates G2-M arrest and suggests that the NH2-terminal domain of Wee1 contains a negative regulatory sequence that determines Wee1 stability.
Paclitaxel-containing high-dose chemotherapy: the University of Colorado experience. (1996)

Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is one of the most important antineo-plastic agents developed over the last 20 years. It has proven activity in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, the possibility of incorporating paclitaxel into a high-dose chemotherapy regimen targeting patients with breast cancer was evaluated. From a widely used regimen composed of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and carmustine, carmustine was deleted and paclitaxel added at the beginning of the regimen. The dose of paclitaxel was then escalated until life-threatening toxicities occurred. It was demonstrated that the dose of paclitaxel could be escalated to 775 mg/m2, combined with cyclophosphamide 5,625 mg/m2 and cisplatin 165 mg/m2, followed by autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support. A phase II study testing this combination in patients with chemotherapy-responsive metastatic breast cancer has been initiated. A new phase I study to test the feasibility of adding carmustine to this paclitaxel-based regimen is currently under way. The status of this study is briefly summarized.
The Low Speed Wave Resistance Theory Imposing Accurate Hull Surface Condition (1979)

The low speed wave resistance theory developed by Baba4) and Maruo5) seems to be a promising theory to predict the wave resistance of conventional ships, because it includes the nonlinear effect of the free surface condition. The wave resistance curves calculated by the low speed theory, however, have large humps and hollows, and they do not agree with the measured7) 10) .In this paper, a refinement of the low speed theory is discussed by imposing the more accurate hull surface condition. The wavy source distribution added to satisfy the hull sruface condition is obtained numerically, and the wave resistance, the hull side wave profiles and the velocities around the hull surface are evaluated. The results coincide fairly well with the measured values, especially the humps and the hollows of the calculated wave resistance curves are remarkably reduced.It is ascertained that the added source distribution plays an important role to improve the low speed wave resistance theory, in spite that its strength is one-order smaller than that of the double model source.
Creep-Induced Strengthening of Soda-Lime Glass and Silicon Nitride (2008)

Creep-induced strengthening of glass and hot-pressed silicon nitride specimens with a stress concentration was studied. Single-edge-notch flexure bars were crept in 3-point bending with the notch in tension. When the specimens were cooled under load, a compressive stress was expected to develop around the notch due to stress redistribution during creep. Post-creep strength tests showed that there was significant strengthening in glass even though no residual compression was predicted by Finite Element Analysis for this material. The observed strengthening was attributed to crack blunting by localized creep at crack tips. Possible creep-induced strengthening in Si3N4 was obscured by strength changes due to oxidation and/or creep damage during the high temperature exposure.
Magnetization analysis of oriented chains of hexagonal cobalt nanoplates (2014)

High quality single-crystalline hexagonal cobalt nanoplates have been obtained by a simple chemical reduction method using ultrasonic assistance. Individual nanoplates tend to form agglomerates due to their strong in-plane anisotropy. These particles were incorporated within a polyethylene matrix by a solution blending method and arrays of magnetic chains were generated by solidification of the solution of nanoparticles in the presence of a magnetic field. The easy axis of the Co plates is oriented along the field, in the direction of the chains length. Micromagnetic simulations, magnetic measurements, and FORC diagrams are used to clarify the complex magnetic behavior in these systems.
Rare gas–graphite interaction potentials (1979)

The interaction of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon with the graphitized carbon black P33 (2700) is examined using the virial coefficient treatment of physical adsorption. Adsorption isotherm data in the low coverage, Henry’s law region are used to carry out this analysis. A modified Buckingham potential is selected to model the gas–solid interaction potential. A best fitting technique is used to make an unambiguous selection of the interaction potential parameters. A cubic power law decay is found to be the proper choice for the attractive portion of the potential, while the appropriate screening parameters for the exponential, repulsive portion of the potential are determined to be 0.0181, 0.0196, 0.0198, and 0.0215 (nm) for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively. The adatom–adsorbent internuclear separations are 0.307, 0.333, 0.336, and 0.366 (nm) and the gas–solid interaction energies are 384, 1113, 1467, and 1928 (°K) for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively. A surface area of 10.8±0.3 m2g−1 is obtained for the graphitized carbon black.
Cord blood DNA methylome in newborns later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder reflects early dysregulation of neurodevelopmental and X-linked genes (2019)

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex heritability and higher prevalence in males. Since the neonatal epigenome has the potential to reflect past interactions between genetic and environmental factors during early development, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of 152 umbilical cord blood samples from the MARBLES and EARLI high-familial risk prospective cohorts to identify an epigenomic signature of ASD at birth. Results We identified differentially-methylated regions (DMRs) stratified by sex that discriminated ASD from control cord blood samples in discovery and replication sets. At a region level, 7 DMRs in males and 31 DMRs in females replicated across two independent groups of subjects, while 537 DMR genes in males and 1762 DMR genes in females replicated by gene association. These DMR genes were significantly enriched for brain and embryonic expression, X chromosome location, and identification in prior epigenetic studies of ASD in post-mortem brain. In males and females, autosomal ASD DMRs were significantly enriched for promoter and bivalent chromatin states across most cell types, while sex differences were observed for X-linked ASD DMRs. Lastly, these DMRs identified in cord blood were significantly enriched for binding sites of methyl-sensitive transcription factors relevant to fetal brain development. Conclusions At birth, prior to the diagnosis of ASD, a distinct DNA methylation signature was detected in cord blood over regulatory regions and genes relevant to early fetal neurodevelopment. Differential cord methylation in ASD supports the developmental and sex-biased etiology of ASD, and provides novel insights for early diagnosis and therapy.
Quantitative analysis of the purgative components of rhubarb and senna. (1978)

A study on the estimation of sennosides and derivatives of oxyanthraquinones in rhubarb and senna is described. After extracing a ground crude drug with the mixture of calcium acetate buffer and tetrahydrofuran (THF), the extract was fractionated to aqueous and THF phases. Both fractions were heated with sulfuric acid to hydrolyze the glycosides contained, and the resulting aglycones were extracted with ether. The aqueous fraction containing sennidins and rhein was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The THF fraction containing only oxyanthraquinones was analyzed by densitometry on a thin-layer plate. It was suggested that sennosides were the main purgative principles of rhubarb or senna, and that oxyanthraquinones had little contribution to the activities of crude drugs. The qualities of rhubarbs varied more markedly than those of sennas. It was clarified that the activities of crude drugs in mice correlated closely to the contents of sennosides. One can, therefore, estimate the purgative activity roughly from the contents of sennosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoline Synthesis: Scope and Regiochemistry of Photocyclization of Substituted Benzylidenecyclopentanone O-Alkyl and O-Acetyloximes. (2008)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Orexin Receptor Antagonists: New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Insomnia (2015)

Since its discovery in 1998, the orexin system, composed of two G-protein coupled receptors, orexins 1 and 2, and two neuropeptide agonists, orexins A and B, has captured the attention of the scientific community as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, anxiety, and sleep/wake disorders. Genetic evidence in rodents, dogs, and humans was revealed between 1999 and 2000, demonstrating a causal link between dysfunction or deletion of the orexin system and narcolepsy, a disorder characterized by hypersomnolence during normal wakefulness. These findings encouraged efforts to discover agonists to treat narcolepsy and, alternatively, antagonists to treat insomnia. This perspective will focus on the discovery and development of structurally diverse orexin antagonists suitable for preclinical pharmacology studies and human clinical trials. The work described herein culminated in the 2014 FDA approval of suvorexant as a first-in-class dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia.
A Viral Nonstructural Protein Regulates Bluetongue Virus Trafficking and Release (2009)

Bluetongue virus (BTV), a nonenveloped insect-borne virus, is released from infected cells by multiple pathways. Unlike other nonenveloped viruses, in addition to cell lysis the newly synthesized virus particles also appear to use a unique "budding" process. The nonstructural protein NS3, the only membrane protein encoded by BTV in infected cells, has been implicated in this process, since it appears to interact not only with the outermost viral capsid protein VP2 but also with a component of the cellular ESCRT pathway. However, to date it had not been possible to obtain direct evidence for the involvement of NS3 in BTV morphogenesis due to the lack of a genetic system that would allow introducing the targeted mutation in NS3 gene. In this study, we have used the recently developed T7 transcript-based reverse genetics system for BTV to introduce mutations in the sequence of NS3 into the viral genome and have investigated the effect of these mutations in the context of a replicating virus. While certain NS3 mutations exhibited drastic effects on newly synthesized virus release, others had less pronounced effects. In particular, mutations of two residues in the Tsg101 binding motif, the putative L domain of NS3, altered normal virus egress patterns and left nascent particles tethered to the cellular membrane, apparently arrested in the process of budding. In cells infected with a mutant virus that was incapable of an NS3-VP2 interaction, no budding particles were visualized. These data suggest that NS3 may act like the membrane protein of enveloped viruses and is responsible for intracellular trafficking and budding of virus particles. NS3 is thus a bridge between the maturing virion particles and cellular proteins during virus egress.
Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Novel IKK‐β Inhibitors. Part 2. Improvement of in vitro Activity. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.