gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite tube cracking in kraft recovery boilers: A state-of-the-art review (1997)

Beginning in the mid-1960s, increasing energy costs in Finland and Sweden made energy recovery more critical to the cost-effective operation of a kraft pulp mill. Boiler designers responded to this need by raising the steam operating pressure, but almost immediately the wall tubes in these new boilers began to corrode rapidly. Test panels installed in the walls of the most severely corroding boiler identified austenitic stainless steel as sufficiently resistant to the new corrosive conditions, and discussions with Sandvik AB, a Swedish tube manufacturer, led to the suggestion that coextruded tubes be used for water wall service in kraft recovery boilers. Replacement of carbon steel by coextruded tubes has solved most of the corrosion problems experienced by carbon steel wall tubes, however, these tubes have not been problem-free. Beginning in early 1995, a multidisciplinary research program funded by the US Department of Energy was established to investigate the cause of cracking in coextruded tubes and to develop improved materials for use in water walls and floors of kraft recovery boilers. One portion of that program, a state-of-the-art review of public- and private-domain documents related to coextruded tube cracking in kraft recovery boilers is reported here. Sources of information that were consulted for this review include the following: tube manufacturers, boiler manufacturers, public-domain literature, companies operating kraft recovery boilers, consultants and failure analysis laboratories, and failure analyses conducted specifically for this project. Much of the information contained in this report involves cracking problems experienced in recovery boiler floors and those aspects of spout and air-port-opening cracking not readily attributable to thermal fatigue. 61 refs.
Conformational Polymorphism in Sulfonylurea Drugs: Electronic Structure Analysis (2010)

Quantum chemical calculations have been performed using HF, B3LYP, and MP2 methods on the model sulfonylurea PhSO(2)NHC(=O)NHMe to understand the conformational and tautomeric preferences. The results indicate that a conformer with intramolecular hydrogen bond SLU-1 (hitherto not considered) is more stable than the conformer SLU-2 (which is generally considered) for sulfonylureas. The energy difference between these two conformers is about 4 kcal/mol in the gas phase; however, the energy differences between the two rotamers become negligible in the solvent phase. Iminol tautomeric forms of sulfonylurea (which were also not studied until now) are only about 5-6 kcal/mol higher in energy as per both gas-phase and solvent-phase analyses, indicating easy accessibility of tautomeric states in sulfonylureas. Quantum chemical analysis has also been carried out on the possible dimeric structures of these three important isomers of sulfonylurea, and correlations have been made to the known crystal structures of polymorphic states of sulfonylurea drugs.
Недополняемые подпространства пространств Лоренца (2000)

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The impact of sea water flushing on biological nitrification-denitrification activated sludge sewage treatment process (2002)

The process performance of the two largest activated sludge processes in Hong Kong, the Sha Tin and the Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works (STW), deteriorated in the initial period after the introduction of seawater flushing in 1995 and 1996, respectively. High effluent ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and total suspended solids (TSS) in excess of the discharge standards resulted from incomplete nitrification and changes in floc characteristics. A desktop study on the inhibitory effects of salinity, particularly on nitrification, was subsequently conducted using the Tai Po STW operating data. To assist the upgrade of the Sha Tin STW a five-month extensive bench-scale investigation on a simple but flexible modified Ludzack-Ettinger configuration with bio-selector was conducted to quantify the inhibitory effects due to the saline concentration. The Sha Tin STW upgrade consists of restoration of its original design capacity (conventional process) of 205,000 m3/day from its currently much reduced capacity as a Bardenpho process. Only the volume of the existing biological process and clarifier is to be utilized. The saline concentration ranges from 3,500 up to 6,500 mg Cl-/L, both daily and seasonally. High and greatly fluctuating saline concentrations have been known to inhibit nitrification. Design consideration should also be given to the peak daily and seasonal TKN loading of up to three times the average. Although the nitrifiers maximum specific growth rate was significantly reduced to a low 0.25 day(-1), the inhibition was considered to be tolerable with effluent NH4-N and NO3-N consistently at < 1 and < 6 mg/L. The bio-selector was demonstrated to be efficient in control of sludge foaming and bulking with SVI consistently < or = 125 mL/g. Results from the IAWO Model No. 1 and the hydraulic model of the secondary clarifiers allowed overall process capacity maximization. With an anoxic mass fraction of 25-30%, operating sludge age of 9-14 days and SVI < or = 125 mL/g, both the design requirements and the effluent discharge standards could be met. Without these investigations, an unnecessarily large reaction basin and secondary clarifier volume, and hence capital investment, would have resulted.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: a retrospective single-center analysis. (2017)

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and pathological features, treatments, and prognoses in 28 patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) in Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. Of them, 16 were males and 12 were females, and their median age was 62.5 (range, 26-88) years. The International Prognostic Index was high-intermediate/high in 68% of patients. Twelve patients were treated with CHOP/THP-COP and nine with third-generation chemotherapy regimens. At a median follow-up period of 30 (range: 1-164) months, the 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 61% and 44%, respectively. Further investigation of novel agents for treating PTCL-NOS is warranted.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF EFAVIRENZ EMPLOYING β -CYCLODEXTRIN, POLOXAMER 407 AND PVP K30: PHASE SOLUBILITY AND FACTORIAL STUDIES (2012)

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of β cyclodextrin (βCD), surfactant (Poloxamer 407) and PVP K30 and their concentrations on the solubility of efavirenz by phase solubility studies and to evaluate the individual main effects and combined (or interaction) effects of βCD, Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 on the solubility of efavirenz in a 2 3 factorial experiment. The solubility of efavirenz in the selected fluids containing βCD, Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 as per 2 3 factorial study was determined. The aqueous solubility of efavirenz was increased linearly as a function of the concentration of βCD as well as Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30. The phase solubility diagram of efavirenz-βCD complexes can be classified as type AL. The increase in solubility was due to the formation of a 1:1 M complex in solution with βCD. The apparent stability constant (Kc) was found to be 251.6 M -1 indicating that the complexes formed between efavirenz and βCD are quite stable. The individual and combined effects of βCD, Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 in enhancing the solubility of efavirenz were highly significant (P < 0.01). βCD alone gave a 3.5 fold increase in the solubility of efavirenz. Combination of βCD with Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 resulted in a much higher enhancement in the solubility of efavirenz, 14.08 fold with βCD- Poloxamer 407 and 7.16 fold with βCD- PVP K30 complexes. Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 alone also gave a higher enhancement in the solubility of efavirenz. Hence a combination of βCD with Poloxamer 407 and / or PVP K30 or Poloxamer 407 and PVP K30 alone is recommended to enhance the solubility of efavirenz, a BCS class II drug.
Regiospecific Syntheses of All Isomeric Nitrofluorenones and Nitrofluorenes by Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (1989)

Regiospecific efficient syntheses of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-nitrofluorenones 8 and the corresponding nitrofluorenes 10 by palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl boronic acids 1 with bromonitrotoluenes 2 and bromonitrobenzene 3 are described.
[Nasal endoscopic resection of extended intradural clival chordoma]. (2010)

Nasal endoscopic approach may provide a less invasive surgery for clival chordoma with intradural extension. It is safe and effective when it is performed by the surgeons with adequate experience and skills and perioperative managements were taken.
Graphene quantum dots, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots and graphite nanocrystals in coals (2014)

Six coal samples of different ranks have been used to prepare single-layer graphene quantum dots (S-GQDs). After chemical oxidation and a series of centrifugation separation, every coal could be treated into two fractions, namely, CoalA and CoalB. According to the characterization results of TEM, AFM, XRD, Raman and FTIR, CoalA was revealed to be mainly composed of S-GQDs, which have an average height of about 0.5 nm and an average plane dimension of about 10 nm. The obtained S-GQDs showed excitation-dependent fluorescence and excellent electrochemiluminescence. CoalB was found to be some other carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), including agglomerated GQDs, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots and agglomerated carbon nanocrystals. Generally, low-ranked coals might be more suitable for the preparation of S-GQDs. The production yield of S-GQDs from the six investigated coals decreased from 56.30% to 14.66% when the coal rank increased gradually. In contrast, high-ranked coals had high production yield of CoalB and might be more suitable for preparing other CNMs that were contained in CoalB, although those CNMs were difficult to separate from each other in our experiment.
High resolution imaging of objects located within a wall (2006)

Researchers at Georgia Tech Research Institute have developed a high resolution imaging radar technique that allows large sections of a test wall to be scanned in X and Y dimensions. The resulting images that can be obtained provide information on what is inside the wall, if anything. The scanning homodyne radar operates at a frequency of 24.1 GHz at with an output power level of approximately 10 milliwatts. An imaging technique that has been developed is currently being used to study the detection of toxic mold on the back surface of wallboard using radar as a sensor. The moisture that is associated with the mold can easily be detected. In addition to mold, the technique will image objects as small as a 4 millimeter sphere on the front or rear of the wallboard and will penetrate both sides of a wall made of studs and wallboard. Signal processing is performed on the resulting data to further sharpen the image. Photos of the scanner and images produced by the scanner are presented. A discussion of the signal processing and technical challenges are also discussed.
Multistatic Bayesian extended target tracking (2016)

To track an extended target presents challenges because the hypothesis of “one target means one detection” is not valid. Several approaches to extended target tracking (ETT) have been found promising, and in particular those involving random matrices have demonstrated their appeal. When targets are extended and the data is multistatic the issues are compounded; the random matrix model has continued appeal and offers a way to avoid enumerative data association. In this paper, a bistatic Bayesian ETT approach integrated into the random matrix framework is proposed. Furthermore, a closed-form solution for fusing multistatic radar system data into the same framework is presented. The proposed approaches are tested on both simulated data and real data.
Photolysis of dibenzyl ketones adsorbed on zeolite molecular sieves. Correlation of observed cage effects with carbonyl carbon-13 enrichment efficiencies (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolysis of dibenzyl ketones adsorbed on zeolite molecular sieves. Correlation of observed cage effects with carbonyl carbon-13 enrichment efficienciesNicholas J. Turro and Peter WanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3, 678–682Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00289a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00289a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A small molecule inhibitor of dengue virus type 2 protease inhibits the replication of all four dengue virus serotypes in cell culture (2015)

This work strengthens the notion that a single drug molecule can be effective against all four dengue virus serotypes. The molecule MB21 could be a potential candidate for 'hit-to-lead' optimization, and may pave the way towards developing a pan-dengue virus antiviral drug.
Levels of Evaluation (1986)

The formative-summative paradigm is useful in that it draws attention to the importance of process and outcome measures in evaluation. The paradigm is not helpful in practical evaluation planning, however, because it unnecessarily separates qualitative and quantitative methods, and because it does not differentiate among various types of formative evaluation. The article presents a strategy for organizing the evaluation effort into three levels. Each level combines aspects of formative and summative evaluations and includes a variety of methods for addressing the evaluation questions. Resources and skills needed by evaluators at each level are recommended, and a plan for implementing the strategy is suggested.
Designing on-chip networks for throughput accelerators (2013)

As the number of cores and threads in throughput accelerators such as Graphics Processing Units (GPU) increases, so does the importance of on-chip interconnection network design. This article explores throughput-effective Network-on-Chips (NoC) for future compute accelerators that employ Bulk-Synchronous Parallel (BSP) programming models such as CUDA and OpenCL. A hardware optimization is “throughput effective” if it improves parallel application-level performance per unit chip area. We evaluate performance of future looking workloads using detailed closed-loop simulations modeling compute nodes, NoC, and the DRAM memory system. We start from a mesh design with bisection bandwidth balanced to off-chip demand. Accelerator workloads tend to demand high off-chip memory bandwidth which results in a many-to-few traffic pattern when coupled with expected technology constraints of slow growth in pins-per-chip. Leveraging these observations we reduce NoC area by proposing a “checkerboard” NoC which alternates between conventional full routers and half routers with limited connectivity. Next, we show that increasing network terminal bandwidth at the nodes connected to DRAM controllers alleviates a significant fraction of the remaining imbalance resulting from the many-to-few traffic pattern. Furthermore, we propose a “double checkerboard inverted” NoC organization which takes advantage of channel slicing to reduce area while maintaining the performance improvements of the aforementioned techniques. This organization also has a simpler routing mechanism and improves average application throughput per unit area by 24.3%.
Equine urticaria: a clinical guide to management (2014)

Urticaria (hives) is a fairly common clinical reaction pattern in horses. Although often attributed to allergic causes, several other aetiologies can lead to the manifestation of the condition. A thorough and complete history, specifically as it relates to dermatological disease, is the practitioner's most powerful tool in successful diagnosis and management. Advanced diagnostics such as allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E serum or intradermal allergen tests are only helpful when an allergic aetiology has been confirmed based on appropriate history. This article discusses the various causes and appearances of urticaria in the horse, and aims to help guide the practitioner in determining when additional diagnostics and therapeutics are indicated.
Binding of human cytomegalovirus to sulfated glucuronyl glycosphingolipids and their inhibitory effects on the infection. (1998)

Interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and various carbohydrate structures were analysed using sulfated glucuronyl glycosphingolipids (SGGLs) and the structurally related glycosphingolipids (GLs). A thin-layer chromatography-overlay assay and a solid-phase binding assay revealed that HCMV strongly bound to sulfated glucuronyl lactosaminylparagloboside, one of the SGGLs having the repeating lactosamine structure (3Gal beta1-4GlcNAc1-)2 in addition to the 3-O-sulfated glucuronyl moiety. The virus bound less strongly to other 3-O-sulfated GLs, which included sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside and cerebroside sulfate ester, and also to (3Gal beta1-4GlcNAc1-)2-containing GLs that included nLc6Cer. Thus, a (3Gal beta1-4GlcNAc1-)2 and a 3-O-sulfated saccharide seem to be important structures for the binding by HCMV. When virus particles were preincubated with these GLs, inhibitory effects were observed both on expression of the viral immediate-early gene and on plaque formation by HCMV. These effects were very well correlated with the abilities of the GLs to bind to the virus. Pretreatment of host cells with HNK-1 monoclonal antibody, which specifically recognizes SGGLs, resulted in partial inhibition of plaque formation by HCMV. These results clearly show that HCMV recognizes and binds to the sulfated carbohydrate structure in SGGL and also suggest that binding of HCMV to the specific sugar structure may play an important role in HCMV infection.
Assessment of SAR variability across early gestational age subjects at 3T fetal MRI (2023)

Despite the clinical and research potential of fetal MRI, there is no consensus on MRI safety in the 1st and early 2nd trimesters. Prior simulation studies at early gestational ages (GA) used only a single or unrealistic pregnant body models. To address this gap, we built 2 realistic uterine models for the early 2nd trimester and placed them into 3 existing pregnant body models at a later GA to investigate differences in RF exposure. Lower pSAR10g in both the fetus and amniotic fluid was observed in the early 2nd trimester models compared to later GA models.
Foxl1 Controls the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Modulating the Expression of Proteoglycans in the Gut (2001)

Foxl1 is a winged helix transcription factor expressed in the mesenchyme of the gastrointestinal tract. Foxl1 null mice display severe structural defects in the epithelia of the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. Here we addressed the molecular mechanisms by which Foxl1 controls gastrointestinal differentiation. First we showed that the abnormalities found in the epithelia of the null mice are the result of an increase in the number of proliferating cells and not a change in the rate of cell migration. Next we investigated the regulatory circuits affected by Foxl1. We focused on the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway as a possible target of Foxl1 as it has been shown to play a central role in gastrointestinal proliferation. We demonstrated that Foxl1 activates the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by increasing extracellular proteoglycans, which act as co-receptors for Wnt. Thus we establish that Foxl1 is involved in the regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, providing a novel link in mesenchymal/epithelial cross-talk in the gut. Moreover, we provide the first example implicating proteoglycans in the regulation of cellular proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract.
Cytokine Secretion Profiling of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Antibody Array (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide not only cell sources for connective tissues but also the control of hematopoiesis and immune response. A multitude of cytokines and growth factors secreted from MSCs are known to confer such multifunctional functionality, but their overall spectrum and the respective expression strength have not been thoroughly illustrated. In this study, we have obtained the comprehensive cytokine secretion profile of human bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs, with the use of an antibody array recognizing 120 cytokines and chemokines. The array membrane incubated with the secretion media of the cells featured a predominant hybridization signal for IL-6 and moderately elevated signals for IL-8, TIMP-2, MCP-1, VEGF and OPG. This cytokine secretion profile was found to be common to all cell lines from three different donors, and also similar but not identical to that of umbilical cord blood-derived cells, suggesting that the trophic nature of the MSCs might depend slightly on the cell origin but not on individuality of the donors. Our results here may provide the molecular basis for further studies on MSC-assisted biological processes, such as connective tissue homeostasis, hematopoiesis and immune modulation.
Gating by ionic strength and safety check by cyclic-di-AMP in the ABC transporter OpuA (2020)

(Micro)organisms are exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions, and adaptation to stress is essential for survival. Increased osmolality (hypertonicity) causes outflow of water and loss of turgor and is dangerous if the cell is not capable of rapidly restoring its volume. The osmoregulatory adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter OpuA restores the cell volume by accumulating large amounts of compatible solute. OpuA is gated by ionic strength and inhibited by the second messenger cyclic-di-AMP, a molecule recently shown to affect many cellular processes. Despite the master regulatory role of cyclic-di-AMP, structural and functional insights into how the second messenger regulates (transport) proteins on the molecular level are lacking. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of OpuA and in vitro activity assays that show how the osmoregulator OpuA is activated by high ionic strength and how cyclic-di-AMP acts as a backstop to prevent unbridled uptake of compatible solutes.