gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picrophilus gen. nov., fam. nov.: a novel aerobic, heterotrophic, thermoacidophilic genus and family comprising archaea capable of growth around pH 0 (1995)

Two species belonging to a novel genus of archaea, designated Picrophilus oshimae and Picrophilus torridus, have been isolated from two different solfataric locations in northern Japan. One habitat harboring both organisms was a dry, extremely acidic soil (pH < 0.5) that was heated by solfataric gases to about 55 degrees C. In the laboratory both species grew heterotrophically on yeast extract and poorly on tryptone under aerobic conditions at temperatures between 45 and 65 degrees C; they grew optimally at 60 degrees C. The pH optimum was 0.7, but growth occurred even around pH 0. Under optimal conditions, the generation time was about 6 h, yielding densities of up to 10(10) cells per ml. The cells were surrounded by a highly filigreed regular tetragonal S-layer, and the core lipids of the membrane were mainly bis-phytanyltetraethers. The 16S rRNA sequences of the two species were about 3% different. The complete 16S rRNA sequence of P. oshimae was 9.3% different from that of the closest relative, Thermoplasma acidophilum. The morphology and physiological properties of the two species characterize Picrophilus as a novel genus that is a member of a novel family within the order Thermoplasmales.
Sidewall-implanted dual-axis piezoresistive cantilever for AFM data storage readback and tracking (2002)

We have developed a novel technique for fabricating high-aspect-ratio sidewall-implanted microstructures, and have used it to fabricate a dual-axis piezoresistive cantilever for atomic force microscope (AFM) data storage. The device allows simultaneous, independent detection of vertical and lateral forces without complex signal-separation circuitry. The vertical force sensor of the cantilever can be used for data readback and load servo, while the lateral force sensor can be used for data groove edge detection and track servo. The dual-axis cantilever consists of a flat, triangular probe with a sharp tip, connected to the support by four parallel high-aspect-ratio ribs. Piezoresistors are fabricated on the horizontal surface of the triangular probe and the vertical sidewalls of the ribs for orthogonal deflection sensing. A special oblique ion implant at approximately 45/spl deg/ to the normal is used to form the piezoresistors. Groove tracking on a spinning disk has been demonstrated using a custom servo controller for load and track servo.
Novel Si integrated inductor and transformer structures for RF IC design (2003)

Planar and 3D Si passive inductive structures are presented, with respect to their application in RF ICs. The modeling of the structures is realized by the use of a custom CAD tool, SISP. It Is shown how, for the first time, fast answers to complex questions can be obtained before fabrication, such as: inductance boost of up to 600% in three-layer spiral inductors compared to planar ones, with no cost in quality factor; optimization of the insertion and return losses of integrated transformers under area reduction schemes; modeling of practical integrated baluns; effect of physical separation on the crosstalk between inductors. The accuracy of modeling results is established through measurements in an array of fabricated structures.
Exclusion Mapping in Familial Non-Specific Dementia (1993)

We present genetic linkage data in a large family in which non-specific dementia is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We have analyzed 45 highly polymorphic microsatellite sequences and excluded a quarter of the genome as the site of the pathogenic mutation in this family.
A 3D Positioning-based Channel Estimation Method for RIS-aided mmWave Communications (2022)

A fundamental challenge in millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is the susceptibility to blocking objects. One way to alleviate this problem is the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). Nevertheless, due to the large number of passive reflecting elements on RIS, channel estimation turns out to be a challenging task. In this paper, we address the channel estimation for RIS-aided mmWave communication systems based on a localization method. The proposed idea consists of exploiting the sparsity of the mmWave channel and the topology of the RIS. In particular, we first propose the concept of reflecting unit set (RUS) to improve the flexibility of RIS. We then propose a novel coplanar maximum likelihood-based (CML) 3D positioning method based on the RUS, and derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the positioning method. Furthermore, we develop an efficient positioning-based channel estimation scheme with low computational complexity. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method requires less time-frequency resources in channel acquisition as the complexity is independent to the total size of the RIS but depends on the size of the RUSs, which is only a small portion of the RIS. Large performance gains are confirmed in simulations, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Time Reversal of Ultrasonic Fields-Part 11: Experimental Results (1992)

Abstract-A time-reversal mirror (TRM) is made of an array of transmit-receive transducers. The incident pressure field is sampled, digitized, stored, time-reversed and then re-emitted. This process can be used to focus, through inhomogeneous media, on a reflective target that may behave as an acoustic source after being insonified. A 64-channel prototype has been built and TRM experiments demonstrating the TRM performance are described. Present first is focusing experiments conducted on point targets through different aherrating media. The major result shows that the time-reversal focusing technique compensates for all the distortions whatever the TRM-aberrator distance. When the medium contains several targets, we show that the time-reversal process can be iterated in order to focus on the most reflective one. The last part of the paper deals with lithotripsy applications. Kidney stones are spatially extended targets and TRM exper-iments have been conducted on several kidney stones located behind inhomogeneous media. They show that the iterative TRM process is able to select one of the kidney stones and to focus on a small portion of it. 1.
Wind Energy Design (2018)

Wind Energy Systems is designed for undergraduate engineering courses, with a focus on multidisciplinary design of a wind energy system. The text covers basic wind power concepts and components - wind characteristics and modeling, rotor aerodynamics, lightweight flexible structures, wind farms, aerodynamics, wind turbine control, acoustics, energy storage, and economics. These topics are applied to produce a new conceptual wind energy design, showing the interplay of various design aspects in a complete system. An ongoing case study demonstrates the integration of various component topics, and MATLAB examples are included to show computerized design analysis procedures and techniques.
Cell-surface C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-1 dampens dendritic cell activation and downstream Th17 responses (2017)

Dendritic cells (DCs) represent essential antigen-presenting cells that are critical for linking innate and adaptive immunity, and influencing T-cell responses. Among pattern recognition receptors, DCs express C-type lectin receptors triggered by both exogenous and endogenous ligands, therefore dictating pathogen response, and also shaping T-cell immunity. We previously described in rat, the expression of the orphan C-type lectin-like receptor-1 (CLEC-1) by DCs and demonstrated in vitro its inhibitory role in downstream T helper 17 (Th17) activation. In this study, we examined the expression and functionality of CLEC-1 in human DCs, and show a cell-surface expression on the CD16<sup>-</sup> subpopulation of blood DCs and on monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). CLEC-1 expression on moDCs is downregulated by inflammatory stimuli and enhanced by transforming growth factor β. Moreover, we demonstrate that CLEC-1 is a functional receptor on human moDCs and that although not modulating the spleen tyrosine kinase-dependent canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway, represses subsequent Th17 responses. Interestingly, a decreased expression of <i>CLEC1A</i> in human lung transplants is predictive of the development of chronic rejection and is associated with a higher level of interleukin 17A (<i>IL17A</i>). Importantly, using CLEC-1-deficient rats, we showed that disruption of CLEC-1 signaling led to an enhanced <i>Il12p40</i> subunit expression in DCs, and to an exacerbation of downstream in vitro and in vivo CD4<sup>+</sup> Th1 and Th17 responses. Collectively, our results establish a role for CLEC-1 as an inhibitory receptor in DCs able to dampen activation and downstream effector Th responses. As a cell-surface receptor, CLEC-1 may represent a useful therapeutic target for modulating T-cell immune responses in a clinical setting.
Automatic Parking Space Detection System (2017)

Searching a suitable parking space in populated metropolitan city is extremely difficult for drivers. Serious traffic congestion may occur due to unavailable parking space. Automatic smart parking system is emerging field and attracted computer vision researchers to contribute in this arena of technology. In this paper, we have presented a vision based smart parking framework to assist the drivers in efficiently finding suitable parking slot and reserve it. Initially, we have segmented the parking area into blocks using calibration. Then, classify each block to identify car and intimate the driver about the status of parking either reserved or free. Potentially, the performance accuracy of recommended system is higher than state of the art hardware solutions, validating the supremacy of the proposed framework.
Design of a Real-Time Adaptive Power Optimal Sensor System (2004)

Wireless sensors systems are currently being deployed in a wide variety of lightweight mobile applications such as distributed object tracking and wearable medical data collection. For such applications to enter the consumer mainstream, it is necessary for them to operate far more power efficiently than they do currently. Using a simple illustrative example, this paper explores some general design rules for techniques which can reduce power consumption by one to two orders of magnitude through a combination of real-time sensor selection based on system state and in-situ feature extraction before storage and/or transmission (if necessary). In the presented example, it is demonstrated that the use of both low and high accuracy sensors for a single parameter (acceleration) can allow system state identification to be far more power-efficient (in this case, by 94%) than with a single sensor alone. Use of sensors with short wakeup times will further improve this result.
Network Applications of Bloom Filters: A Survey (2004)

A Bloom filter is a simple space-efficient randomized data structure for representing a set in order to support membership queries. Bloom filters allow false positives but the space savings often outweigh this drawback when the probability of an error is controlled. Bloom filters have been used in database applications since the 1970s, but only in recent years have they become popular in the networking literature. The aim of this paper is to survey the ways in which Bloom filters have been used and modified in a variety of network problems, with the aim of providing a unified mathematical and practical framework for understanding them and stimulating their use in future applications.
Computational Cameras: Redefining the Image (2006)

Computational cameras use unconventional optics and software to produce new forms of visual information, including wide field-of-view images, high dynamic range images, multispectral images, and depth images. Using a controllable optical system to form the image and a programmable light source as the cameras flash can further enhance the capabilities of these cameras
Fabrication of self-written waveguide in photosensitive polyimide resin by controlling photochemical reaction of photosensitizer (2004)

We have investigated optical properties of photosensitive polyimide appropriating for long self-written waveguide fabrication. From systematic measurements of absorption properties, it was found that photochemical reaction of photosensitizer dissolved in the photosensitive polyimide resins relates to transparency after the exposure, which limits the length of the fabricated self-written waveguide. By controlling the photochemical reaction, in which the photosensitive polyimide resin has sufficient transparency during exposure, four times longer self-written waveguide core was fabricated.
Conditional Entropy for Deception Analysis, 13th ICCRTS: C2 for Complex Endeavors (2008)

13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS), June 17-19, 2008, Seattle, WA.
MP34-03 THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING OF SURGICAL CLIPS: A PILOT STUDY AND TRIAL OF EFFICACY (2016)

The UCiTrainer is a low cost, portable laparoscopic trainer that utilizes an electronic tablet for video and optics; it can be printed with a consumer-level three-dimensional (3D) printer. We report our initial experience on the feasibility of using 3D printing technology as a novel method of manufacturing and distribution for low cost, surgical education tools on a global on demand basis.
Operating behaviour of CO2 booster systems. 1. (2013)

This paper explains and discusses various operating conditions and the resulting behaviour of CO2 booster systems in supermarket applications.
Machine learning-based distinction of left and right foot contacts in lower back inertial sensor gait data (2021)

Digital gait measures derived from wearable inertial sensors have been shown to support the treatment of patients with motor impairments. From a technical perspective, the detection of left and right initial foot contacts (ICs) is essential for the computation of stride-by-stride outcome measures including gait asymmetry. However, in a majority of studies only one sensor close to the center of mass is used, complicating the assignment of detected ICs to the respective foot. Therefore, we developed an algorithm including supervised machine learning (ML) models for the robust classification of left and right ICs using multiple features from the gyroscope located at the lower back. The approach was tested on a data set including 40 participants (ten healthy controls, ten hemiparetic, ten Parkinson's disease, and ten Huntington's disease patients) and reached an accuracy of 96.3% for the overall data set and up to 100.0% for the Parkinson's sub data set. These results were compared to a state-of-the-art algorithm. The ML approaches outperformed this traditional algorithm in all subgroups. Our study contributes to an improved classification of left and right ICs in inertial sensor signals recorded at the lower back and thus enables a reliable computation of clinically relevant mobility measures.
The development of Holte's 1R classifier (2002)

The 1R machine learning scheme (Holte, 1993) is a very simple one that proves surprisingly effective on the standard datasets commonly used for evaluation. This paper describes the method and discusses two aspects of the algorithm that bear further analysis: the way, that intervals are formed when discretizing continuously-valued attributes; and the way missing values are treated. We then show how the algorithm can be extended to avoid a problem endemic to most practical machine learning algorithms-their frequent dismissal of an attribute as irrelevant when in fact it is highly relevant when combined with other attributes.
Fluorescence microscopy: Established and emerging methods, experimental strategies, and applications in immunology (2007)

Cutting-edge biophysical technologies including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, single molecule fluorescence, single channel opening events, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, high-speed exposures, two-photon imaging, fluorescence lifetime imaging, and other tools are becoming increasingly important in immunology as they link molecular events to cellular physiology, a key goal of modern immunology. The primary concern in all forms of microscopy is the generation of contrast; for fluorescence microscopy contrast can be thought of as the difference in intensity between the cell and background, the signal-to-noise ratio. High information-content images can be formed by enhancing the signal, suppressing the noise, or both. As improved tools, such as ICCD and EMCCD cameras, become available for fluorescence imaging in molecular and cellular immunology, it is important to optimize other aspects of the imaging system. Numerous practical strategies to enhance fluorescence microscopy experiments are reviewed. The use of instrumentation such as light traps, cameras, objectives, improved fluorescent labels, and image filtration routines applicable to low light level experiments are discussed. New methodologies providing resolution well beyond that given by the Rayleigh criterion are outlined. Ongoing and future developments in fluorescence microscopy instrumentation and technique are reviewed. This review is intended to address situations where the signal is weak, which is important for emerging techniques stressing super-resolution or live cell dynamics, but is less important for conventional applications such as indirect immunofluorescence. This review provides a broad integrative discussion of fluorescence microscopy with selected applications in immunology.
Efficient Generation of Closed Magnetic Flux Surfaces in a Large Spherical Tokamak Using Coaxial Helicity Injection (2006)

A method of coaxial helicity injection has successfully produced a closed flux current without the use of the central solenoid in the NSTX device, on a size scale closer to a spherical torus reactor, for a proof-of-principle demonstration of this concept. For the first time, a remarkable 60 times current multiplication factor was achieved. Grad-Shafranov plasma equilibrium reconstructions are used to verify the existence of closed flux current. In some discharges the generated current persists for a surprisingly long time approximately 400 ms.
Platelet‐derived growth factor and regulation of schwann cell proliferation in vivo (1992)

To examine the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the in vivo regulation of Schwann cell proliferation, steady-state levels of mRNAs encoding PDGF A and B chains, and PDGF alpha and beta receptors were measured in immature and adult rat sciatic nerves and in cultured rat Schwann cells. PDGF B chain and PDGF beta receptor mRNAs are present in immature rat sciatic nerves and to a lesser extent in adult rat nerves. Short-term cultures of neonatal rat Schwann cells express PDGF beta receptor mRNA, but not PDGF B chain mRNA, and are stimulated to synthesize DNA by addition of PDGF BB to the medium. These data indicate that PDGF BB is a developmentally regulated paracrine growth factor for rat Schwann cells. Very long-term cultures of rat Schwann cells, which have lost normal dependence on exogenous growth factors, express PDGF B chain mRNA as well as mRNAs encoding the PDGF alpha and beta receptors, suggesting that, under these circumstances, PDGF BB also act as an autocrine growth factor. PDGF A chain mRNA is present in both immature and adult rat sciatic nerves and is expressed by primary and secondary cultures of rat Schwann cells as well. However, because the abundance of PDGF alpha receptor mRNA is very low in rat Schwann cells, PDGF AA is not likely to be a significant autocrine growth factor for rat Schwann cells.
Operational application of composited MODIS Chlorophyll-a (2009)

WorldWinds, Inc. and NASA MSFC SPoRT developed a daily Chlorophyll-a composite product from NASA's MODIS satellite data to aid in the development of a system to track favorable conditions of certain pelagic fish species. This data has been applied in the XMWX commercial weather product which provides live, site specific atmospheric and oceanographic information to motorists, boaters, outdoorsmen, commercial mariners, and emergency personnel. Graphical user data is continuously transmitted over the XM satellite radio constellation in GIS format overlaid on a GPS enabled 3D relief map.
Gadolinium neutron capture brachytherapy (GdNCB), a new treatment method for intravascular brachytherapy (2005)

Restenosis is a major problem after balloon angioplasty and stent implantation. The aim of this study is to introduce gadolinium neutron capture brachytherapy (GdNCB) as a suitable modality for treatment of stenosis. The utility of GdNCB in intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) of stent stenosis is investigated by using the GEANT4 and MCNP4B Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. To study capture rate, Kerma, absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate around a Gd-containing stent activated with neutrons, a 30 mm long, 5 mm diameter gadolinium foil is chosen. The input data is a neutron spectrum used for clinical neutron capture therapy in Studsvik, Sweden. Thermal neutron capture in gadolinium yields a spectrum of high-energy gamma photons, which due to the build-up effect gives an almost flat dose delivery pattern to the first 4 mm around the stent. The absorbed dose rate is 1.33 Gy/min, 0.25 mm from the stent surface while the dose to normal tissue is in order of 0.22 Gy/min, i.e., a factor of 6 lower. To spare normal tissue further fractionation of the dose is also possible. The capture rate is relatively high at both ends of the foil. The dose distribution from gamma and charge particle radiation at the edges and inside the stent contributes to a nonuniform dose distribution. This will lead to higher doses to the surrounding tissue and may prevent stent edge and in-stent restenosis. The position of the stent can be verified and corrected by the treatment plan prior to activation. Activation of the stent by an external neutron field can be performed days after catherization when the target cells start to proliferate and can be expected to be more radiation sensitive. Another advantage of the nonradioactive gadolinium stent is the possibility to avoid radiation hazard to personnel.
Idiopathic Calcitriol-Induced Hypercalcemia (1997)

W describe 3 patients with a prolonged history of hypercalcemia. The patients did not take any vitamin supplements. All patients had low parathyroid hormone (PTH), high calcitriol (1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>), and high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) blood levels. There was no evidence of sarcoidosis or any other underlying disease in the results of an extensive workup. Treatment with prednisone resulted in normalization of calcium levels in all patients. They remained dependent on low-dose prednisone on a subsequent prolonged follow-up.
Compensation of dynamic electromagnetic field distortion using simultaneous localization and mapping method with application in endobronchial ultrasound‐transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) guidance (2019)

With EM tracking position error reduction based on the EKF-SLAM technique, the approach is appeared promising for a navigated ultrasound TBNA procedure.