gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrazine Formation from Serine and Threonine (1999)

The formation of pyrazines from L-serine and L-threonine has been studied. L-Serine and L-threonine, either alone or combined, were heated at 120 degrees C as low temperature for 4 h or at 300 degrees C as high temperature for 7 min. The pyrazines formed from each reaction were identified by GC/MS, and the yields (to the amino acid used, as parts per million) were determined by GC/FID. It was found that pyrazine, methylpyrazine, ethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, and 2,6-diethylpyrazine were formed from serine, whereas 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine were formed from threonine. Mechanistically, it is proposed that the thermal degradation of serine or threonine is composed of various complex reactions. Among these reactions, decarbonylation followed by dehydration is the main pathway to generate the alpha-aminocarbonyl intermediates leading to the formation of the main product, such as pyrazine from serine or 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine from threonine. Also, deamination after decarbonylation generates more reactive intermediates, alpha-hydroxycarbonyls. Furthermore, aldol condensation of these reactive intermediates provides alpha-dicarbonyls. Subsequently, these alpha-dicarbonyls react with the remaining serine or threonine by Strecker degradation to form additional alpha-aminocarbonyl intermediates, which then form additional pyrazines. In addition, decarboxylation and retroaldol reaction may also involve the generation of the intermediates.
OC25 ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY FOR TRAUMATIC AORTIC RUPTURE (2018)

Background and Aim: Traumatic aortic rupture (TAR) leads to immediate death in 75 to 90% of cases. Conventional surgery for TAR still carries high risk of serious complications and mortality. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has emerged as a valid alternative compared with open surgery Methods: From March 2001 to March 2018, out of 289 patients undergone TEVAR, 26 patients (9.0%) were treated for a TAR after road accident. To assess the risk it was evaluated the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in patients with multiple injuries and the American Society of Anesthesiologist classification (ASA class) to describe the perioperative physical status. 15 patients (57.7%) showed an unstable clinical picture (ISS ≥ 40). Four patients (15.4 %) had a delayed TEVAR, the remaining 22 (84.6 %) required an urgent or emergency treatment within 12 and 48 hours. Results: There were no operative death or surgical conversion. Any neurological complication, including paraplegia, was observed. One patients died after 48 hours for intracranial associated lesions. One vascular complication occurred requiring a rescue prosthetic ileofemoral bypass. Eleven patients (42.3%) required prolonged mechanical ventilation and two (7.7%) undergone CRRT. At follow-up (6–204 months), only one patient showed a late Type I endoleak, requiring a secondary TEVAR. Conclusions: TEVAR is a safe procedure in TAR patients, especially in unstable/emergent conditions. Moreover, TEVAR allows for prompt treatment of associated lesions in complex multitrauma patients. Most frequently the associated lesions especially of intracranial or intraabdominal organs became prognostically predictive of postoperative outcome.
A warning based preemptive routing scheme for QoS maintenance in wireless ad hoc networks (2009)

Traditional QoS routing protocols find paths that meet the QoS requirements while discovering routes. The chosen route is used while the QoS is met. If the QoS is violated rerouting takes place. Violation of QoS may be unacceptable for delay sensitive traffic. We introduce a preemptive QoS re-routing scheme. The end-to-end delay of packets in each session is monitored and if it seems likely that QoS violation might occur, a preemptive QoS rerouting process is initiated. This helps maintain QoS in dynamic wireless ad hoc networks. Schemes for triggering QoS re-routing are investigated. We have reduced the number of late packets and improved the overall end-to-end delay of the communications.
Angular Sensor Using Tunneling Magnetoresistive Junctions With an Artificial Antiferromagnet Reference Electrode and Improved Thermal Stability (2004)

Magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) are fabricated using CoFe-Ru-CoFe artificial antiferromagnet (AAF) sandwiches as a hard-magnetic reference layer and plasma-oxidized aluminum as a tunnel barrier. Tailoring the magnetic properties of the artificial antiferromagnet reference layer allows an on-chip magnetization (initialization) of individual junctions, which makes it possible to build monolithic bridges in a Wheatstone arrangement without multiple mask process steps or on-chip heating elements. The functionality of an angular field sensor based on this concept is demonstrated in detail. The thermal stability of such a sensor is investigated and the limitations of the concept are discussed.
Electrophilic glycinates: new and versatile templates for asymmetric amino acid synthesis (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic glycinates: new and versatile templates for asymmetric amino acid synthesisPeter J. Sinclair, Dongguan. Zhai, Joseph. Reibenspies, and Robert M. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 5, 1103–1104Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00265a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00265a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views817Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spinal Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders (1999)

Spinal injuries are among the most devastating injuries associated with recreational sports. Snowboarding spinal injury patterns have not been described. During two seasons (1994 to 1995 and 1995 to 1996), 34 skiers and 22 snowboarders suffered serious spinal injuries (fracture or neurologic deficit or both) at two ski areas in British Columbia, Canada. Ski patrol records, the Provincial Trauma Database, and hospital records were reviewed. Injury rates were based on computerized lift-ticket data and a population estimate of 15% snowboarders (ski patrol observation). The incidence of spinal injury among skiers was 0.01 per 1000 skier-days, and among snowboarders was 0.04 per 1000 snowboarder-days. Mean age was 34.5 years for skiers and 22.4 years for snowboarders. Seventy percent of the skiers were men, whereas all of the snowboarders were men. Jumping (intentional jump > 2 meters) was the cause of injury in 20% of skiers and 77% of snowboarders. Neither age nor sex accounted for any significant portion of this difference. The rate of spinal injuries among snowboarders is fourfold that among skiers. Although jumping is the primary cause of injury, it is an intrinsic element of snowboarding. Until research defines effective injury-prevention strategies, knowledge of the risk of snowboarding should be disseminated and techniques for safe jumping should be taught.
Luces y sombras del 14 de abril: la historiografía de la Segunda República española (2017)

La actual polemica historiografica y memorial sobre el alcance reformista y la naturaleza politica de la Segunda Republica no ha conocido parangon en su intensidad desde la Transicion. El presente libro participa en este debate, y para ello ofrece un balance historiografico que aborda las grandes cuestiones tratadas por los especialistas en el ultimo medio siglo: desde la forma de Estado al sistema de partidos, desde las grandes reformas a la conflictividad sociolaboral, desde las culturas politicas a la educacion, la ciencia y la cultura.
<title>Fractal metal cluster formation in polymers</title> (1995)

We present preliminary results obtained from in-situ linear absorption spectroscopy of polymer fractal metal cluster formation. We discuss background material pertaining to the linear optical properties of a fractal cluster, present the experimental results, and interpret our findings.
Cellular Proteome Dynamics during Differentiation of Human Primary Myoblasts (2015)

Muscle stem cells, or satellite cells, play an important role in the maintenance and repair of muscle tissue and have the capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to physiological or environmental changes. Although they have been extensively studied, the key regulatory steps and the complex temporal protein dynamics accompanying the differentiation of primary human muscle cells remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of applying a MS-based quantitative approach, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), for studying human myogenesis in vitro and characterize the fine-tuned changes in protein expression underlying the dramatic phenotypic conversion of primary mononucleated human muscle cells during in vitro differentiation to form multinucleated myotubes. Using an exclusively optimized triple encoding SILAC procedure, we generated dynamic expression profiles during the course of myogenic differentiation and quantified 2240 proteins, 243 of which were regulated. These changes in protein expression occurred in sequential waves and underlined vast reprogramming in key processes governing cell fate decisions, i.e., cell cycle withdrawal, RNA metabolism, cell adhesion, proteolysis, and cytoskeletal organization. In silico transcription factor target analysis demonstrated that the observed dynamic changes in the proteome could be attributed to a cascade of transcriptional events involving key myogenic regulatory factors as well as additional regulators not yet known to act on muscle differentiation. In addition, we created of a dynamic map of the developing myofibril, providing valuable insights into the formation and maturation of the contractile apparatus in vitro. Finally, our SILAC-based quantitative approach offered the possibility to follow the expression profiles of several muscle disease-associated proteins simultaneously and therefore could be a valuable resource for future studies investigating pathogenesis of degenerative muscle disorders as well as assessing new therapeutic strategies.
Elevated Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Humans with Acute Pancreatitis (2016)

Our results demonstrate that serum FGF21 rises significantly in humans with acute pancreatitis. The pancreas may be contributing to increased FGF21 levels following injury and FGF21 may play a role in the recovery process.
Data from Mutational and Functional Analysis Reveals <i>ADAMTS18</i> Metalloproteinase as a Novel Driver in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The disintegrin-metalloproteinases with thrombospondin domains (ADAMTS) genes have been suggested to function as tumor suppressors as several have been found to be epigenetically silenced in various cancers. We performed a mutational analysis of the &lt;i&gt;ADAMTS&lt;/i&gt; gene family in human melanoma and identified a large fraction of melanomas to harbor somatic mutations. To evaluate the functional consequences of the most commonly mutated gene, &lt;i&gt;ADAMTS18&lt;/i&gt;, six of its mutations were biologically examined. ADAMTS18 mutations had little effect on melanoma cell growth under standard conditions, but reduced cell dependence on growth factors. ADAMTS18 mutations also reduced adhesion to laminin and increased migration &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and metastasis &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Melanoma cells expressing mutant &lt;i&gt;ADAMTS18&lt;/i&gt; had reduced cell migration after short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of ADAMTS18, suggesting that &lt;i&gt;ADAMTS18&lt;/i&gt; mutations promote growth, migration, and metastasis in melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 8(11); 1513–25. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Autocrine Prolactin Stimulates Endometrial Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis and Reduces Sensitivity to Chemotherapy (2017)

Advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EC) exhibits a poor response to chemotherapy and low survival rates. It has been previously reported that human prolactin (hPRL) is upregulated in endometrial cancer and is associated with worse survival outcomes. We provide evidence for the functional role of hPRL in EC progression. We generated a model for the study of autocrine hPRL-mediated cell functional effects through the forced expression of hPRL in human EC cells. Autocrine hPRL expression stimulated cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion of EC cells and promoted tumor growth, local invasion, and metastatic colonization in xenograft models. In addition, forced expression of hPRL decreased sensitivity of EC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs (i.e., doxorubicin and paclitaxel), both in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of hPRL significantly reduced oncogenicity and enhanced the chemosensitivity of EC cells. As CD24 is hPRL-regulated and has been implicated in drug resistance in EC, we further showed that CD24 is a critical mediator of hPRL-stimulated reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel in EC cells. Therefore, inhibition of hPRL signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of late-stage EC, which can be used in combination with chemotherapy to improve the chemotherapeutic response.
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase‐mediated signalling contributes to diabetes‐induced vascular dysfunction in the mesenteric bed (2005)

In order to characterize the roles of tyrosine kinases (TKs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, we investigated the ability of a chronic administration of genistein, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of TKs and AG1478, a specific inhibitor of EGFR TK activity to modulate the altered vasoreactivity of the perfused mesenteric bed to common vasoconstrictors and vasodilators in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. The vasoconstrictor responses induced by norepinephrine (NE), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II), were significantly increased, whereas vasodilator responses to carbachol and histamine were significantly reduced in the perfused mesenteric bed of STZ-induced diabetic rats in comparison with healthy rats. Treatment of diabetic animals with genistein or AG1478 produced a significant normalization of the altered agonist-induced vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses without affecting blood glucose levels. In contrast, neither inhibitor had any effect on the vascular responsiveness of control (nondiabetic) animals. Treatment of diabetic animals with diadzein, an inactive analogue of genistein, did not affect the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses in control or diabetic animals. Phosphorylated EGFR levels were markedly raised in the mesenteric bed from diabetic animals and were normalized upon treatment with AG1478 or genistein. These data suggest that activation of TK-mediated pathways, including EGFR TK signalling are involved in the development of diabetic vascular dysfunction.
Black gold deposits as absorbers for far infrared radiation (1996)

Abstract Thermal infrared sensors with maximal sensitivity and minimal response time require radiation absorbing layers with small heat capacity and high absorbance. In the near infrared these conditions are well met by black gold layers. In order to examine the question whether black gold layers are suitable absorbers as well in the far infrared, their reflectance is measured in a wave number range from k = 14 to 650 cm −1 , corresponding to a range in wavelength λ = 1/ k between 15 and 710 μm. The samples are prepared at various residual gas pressures. The influence of tempering on the absorbance and the spectral absorption behavior at low temperatures is discussed. The experimental results may be accounted for by a dielectric function according to the Bergman formalism. The spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient and the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index following from it are presented.
High speed electric motors based on high performance novel soft magnets (2014)

Novel Co-based soft magnetic materials are presented as a potential substitute for electrical steels in high speed motors for current industry applications. The low losses, high permeabilities, and good mechanical strength of these materials enable application in high rotational speed induction machines. Here, we present a finite element analysis of Parallel Path Magnetic Technology rotating motors constructed with both silicon steel and Co-based nanocomposite. The later achieved a 70% size reduction and an 83% reduction on NdFeB magnet volume with respect to a similar Si-steel design.
Synergistic effect of copolymers composition on the electrochemical, thermal, and electrical behavior of 5‐lithiosulphoisophthalic acid doped poly(aniline‐co‐2‐isopropylaniline): synthesis, characterization, and applications (2008)

Abstract The paper reports the synergistic effect of substituent, i.e. isopropyl group on electrical, thermal, and processability of polyaniline in the presence of 5‐lithiosulphoisophthalic acid (LiSIPA). The presence of substituent not only affects the electrochemical redox behavior of polyaniline but also brings changes in the optical and electronic properties of polyaniline. Evaluation of the copolymers as corrosion inhibitor for iron in 1.0 N HCl using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel extrapolation method shows that the copolymers and homopolymer show corrosion inhibition efficiency ranging from 69 to 80% depending upon the composition of the copolymers. The copolymers doped with LiSIPA were soluble in organic solvents like methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, N‐methyl pyrrolidinone, and chloroform. The compositions of the copolymers were determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The conductivity of the polymers was found to be in the order of 4.9 to 10 −3 S cm −1 depending upon the comonomer ratios and concentration of dopant. Cyclic voltammetry of the copolymers shows a shift in peak potential value from 0.157 to 0.398 V when the monomer ratio of aniline to 2‐isopropylaniline in the polymerization reaction was changed from 0.9:0.1 to 0.5:0.5. The polymers were characterized by FTIR and UV‐visible spectroscopy, NMR, X‐ray diffraction, TGA, DSC, and cyclic voltammetry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Beneficial effect of chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection in a model of multiple sclerosis is mediated through the secretion of extracellular adherence protein (2015)

Our results demonstrate for the first time that chronic infection with S. aureus has a beneficial effect on EAE, indicating a dual role of infection in the pathogenesis of MS. We also showed that secretion of Eap by S. aureus plays a major role in preventing autoimmune inflammation of the CNS. Moreover, we identified Eap as a factor responsible for this protective effect.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-LL-C10037α from Benzoquinone (1999)

The enantioselective total synthesis of the Streptomyces metabolite (−)-LL-C10037α has been accomplished in 10 steps and 20% overall yield. An early chiral intermediate was resolved with Candida rugosa lipase to provide (+)-5 with an enantiomeric excess ≥98%. The synthesis is notable in that no protecting groups are required and that all carbons in the core structure of LL-C10037α are derived from the readily available p-benzoquinone.
An efficiently regulated promoter system for Cryptococcus neoformans utilizing the CTR4 promoter (2004)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for serious meningitis. Although many useful molecular tools have been developed for its study, there are currently few inducible promoters available for general use. To address this need, we have constructed expression plasmids incorporating upstream elements of the C. neoformans copper transporter gene CTR4, and tested them in C. neoformans serotypes A and D. In response to copper deprivation, these plasmids mediate high-level expression of a reporter protein. This expression can be completely repressed using physiologically low concentrations of copper. Notably, this new family of copper-sensing promoters demonstrates excellent expression in serotype A, contrasting with other available promoters. These plasmids therefore offer efficient and regulated expression for both serotypes A and D, and should be valuable tools for the C. neoformans research community.
Identification of PPAP2B as a novel recurrent translocation partner gene of HMGA2 in lipomas (2013)

Most lipomas are characterized by translocations involving the HMGA2 gene in 12q14.3. These rearrangements lead to the fusion of HMGA2 with an ectopic sequence from the translocation chromosome partner. Only five fusion partners of HMGA2 have been identified in lipomas so far. The identification of novel fusion partners of HMGA2 is important not only for diagnosis in soft tissue tumors but also because these genes might have an oncogenic role in other tumors. We observed that t(1;12)(p32;q14) was the second most frequent translocation in our series of lipomas after t(3;12)(q28;q14.3). We detected overexpression of HMGA2 mRNA and protein in all t(1;12)(p32;q14) lipomas. We used a fluorescence in situ hybridization-based positional cloning strategy to characterize the 1p32 breakpoint. In 11 cases, we identified PPAP2B, a member of the lipid phosphate phosphatases family as the 1p32 target gene. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis followed by nucleotide sequencing of the fusion transcript indicated that HMGA2 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) fused with exon 6 of PPAP2B in one case. In other t(1;12) cases, the breakpoint was extragenic, located in the 3'region flanking PPAP2B 3'UTR. Moreover, in one case showing a t(1;6)(p32;p21) we observed a rearrangement of PPAP2B and HMGA1, which suggests that HMGA1 might also be a fusion partner for PPAP2B. Our results also revealed that adipocytic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue was associated with a significant decrease in PPAP2B mRNA expression suggesting that PPAP2B might play a role in adipogenesis.
Öz Dikkat Mekanizması Tabanlı Görü Dönüştürücü Kullanılarak Sıtma Parazit Tespiti (2022)

Sıtma, tedavisiz olgularda ölümle sonuçlanabilen ve ciddi ateşli hastalığa yol açan bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Bu yüzden bu hastalığın erken tanı ve tedavisi oldukça kritik öneme sahiptir. Gelişmiş teknolojilerle birlikte sıtma hastalığının teşhisine yönelik birçok klinik yöntem ve test kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sıtma hastalığının teşhis edilmesi amacıyla son yıllarda doğal dil işleme alanında oldukça yüksek performans gösteren dönüştürücü yöntemlerden esinlenilerek önerilen Görü Dönüştürücü (Vision Transformer, ViT) yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde ViT yönteminin %97.22 gibi yüksek bir sınıflandırma performansı elde ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Vit yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçlar, literatürde uygulanan geleneksel ve derin öğrenme yöntemleri karşılaştırılmış ve bu sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak tabloda sunulmuştur.