gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Release of Encapsulated Cargo from a DNA Icosahedron using a Chemical Trigger (2013)

DNA Trojan horse: A DNA icosahedron (black, see scheme) held together with aptamers (red) was used to encapsulate molecular cargo such as fluorescent dextran (green). In the presence of a molecular trigger (gray hexagons), the aptamers fold back leading to opening of the icosahedron and simultaneous release of the encapsulated cargo. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activities of boronand cerium-codoped TiO2 (2007)

Boron-codoped 和 cerium-codoped TiO2 光催化剂用modifiedsol胶化反应过程被综合并且由X光检查衍射( XRD )描绘了，X光检查 photoelectronspectroscopy ( XPS )，粒子尺寸分发( PSD )，弥漫的反射系列(医生)， andBrunauer-Emmett-Teller (赌注) .The photocatalytic 活动被监视结果显示出的染料酸红 B ( ARB ) .The 的 thedegradation 评估准备光催化剂是主要由 titania ， ceria ，和硼 oxide.The 结构组成的 mixedoxides
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Decidualization in Vitro Inhibits Cytochalasin-D-Induced Apoptosis in Cultured Endometrial Stromal Fibroblasts (2006)

Endometrial apoptosis increases from the proliferative phase through the secretory phase and peaks at menses. However, with the onset of pregnancy, the corpus luteum is rescued and stromal cells, instead of undergoing apoptosis, reorganize the cytoskeleton and then begin to differentiate. We hypothesized that in the presence of hormones (estradiol-17beta and medroxyprogesterone acetate), chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as an early embryonic signal, and induction of decidualization by dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP), endometrial stromal cells are rescued by the regulation of proteins that inhibit apoptosis. The percentage of cells stained with annexin V, an early apoptotic marker, increased dramatically after cytoskeletal disruption with cytochalasin D compared with non-cytochalasin-D-treated controls (P < 0.05). However, treatment of cells with hCG or dbcAMP in the presence of hormones significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the percentage of annexin-V-stained cells compared with cells treated with cytochalasin D alone. This inhibition was further confirmed by immunodetection of cleaved caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. The inhibition of apoptosis by hCG and dbcAMP was via the intrinsic pathway because the cytochalasin-D-treated cells stained intensely for Bax, whereas the cells treated with hormones, hCG, or dbcAMP stained predominantly for Bcl-2. Treatment of cytochalasin-D-treated cells with hormones and dbcAMP resulted in an increase in the secretion of IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and prolactin. Treatment of cytochalasin-D-treated cells with recombinant IGFBP-1 and prolactin also inhibited apoptosis. These data suggest that under in vitro conditions, both hCG and the induction of decidualization play a direct role in preventing uterine stromal cells from undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, this inhibition of apoptosis may be mediated in part by IGFBP-1 and prolactin and the alteration in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.
Phenomenon of current occurrence during the motion of a C60 fullerene on substrate-supported graphene (2015)

It was found for the first time that the motion of a fullerene on graphene creates a small current.
At-sea calibration of a USBL underwater vehicle positioning system (2002)

In this paper the at-sea calibration procedure for IFREMER's ultrashort baseline acoustic positioning system (USBL) POSIDONIA for deep-sea underwater vehicles (UV) is presented. The USBL system comprises an acoustic vessel-born localization system and sensors measuring vessel position, heading and attitude. The latter are used to transform the 'acoustic' UV position into Earth related coordinates. Misalignments between the different sensors lead to important positioning errors. Quick calibration of the USBL system at sea without additional hardware is therefore an important operational feature. The procedure presented here uses position measurements obtained with the uncalibrated system for a fixed-point moored transponder beacon. The absolute beacon coordinates are not known initially; they are identified, together with angular misalignments of the USBL sensors, by an iterative adaptive estimator. The vessel track during the recording of measurements is arbitrary and calibration is accomplished in less than one hour. Examples are shown to illustrate the USBL performances and the amelioration achieved with the calibrated system.
Ligand-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Allenes: Regioselective Synthesis of α,β- and β,γ-Unsaturated Esters (2015)

The palladium-catalyzed regioselective alkoxycarbonylation of allenes with aliphatic alcohols allows to produce synthetically useful α,β- and β,γ-unsaturated esters in good yields. Efficient selectivity control is achieved in the presence of appropriate ligands. Using Xantphos as the ligand, β,γ-unsaturated esters are produced selectively in good yields. In contrast, the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters are obtained with high regioselectivity in the presence of PPh2Py as the ligand. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that these two catalytic processes proceed by different reaction pathways. In addition, this novel protocol was successfully applied to convert an industrially available bulk chemical, 1,2-butadiene, into dimethyl adipate, which is a valuable feedstock for polymer and plasticizer syntheses, with high yield and TON (turnover number).
A novel, high‐efficiency cellular model of fibrillar α‐synuclein inclusions and the examination of mutations that inhibit amyloid formation (2010)

Intracytoplasmic alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) amyloidogenic inclusions are a major pathological feature of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy body disease and multiple systems atrophy. The mechanisms involved in the formation and inhibition of these aggregates are areas of intense investigation. The present study characterizes a novel cellular model for the study of alpha-syn aggregation, incorporating nucleation-dependent aggregation and a new function for calcium phosphate precipitation. Cultured cells were readily induced to develop large, cytoplasmic alpha-syn filamentous aggregates that were hyperphosphorylated, often ubiquitinated and thioflavin positive. These cellular aggregates formed in the majority of transfected cells and recruited approximately half of endogenously expressed alpha-syn. Using this system, we examined single-point mutations that inhibit alpha-syn amyloid formation in vitro. Three mutations (V66P, T72P and T75P) significantly hindered alpha-syn aggregation in this cell model. The T75P mutant, which could abrogate amyloid formation of wild-type alpha-syn in vitro, did not prevent wild-type alpha-syn cellular aggregates. These studies suggest that the propensity of alpha-syn to form cellular aggregates may be more pronounced than in isolated in vitro studies. This novel high-efficiency cellular model of alpha-syn aggregation is a valuable system that may be used to further understand alpha-syn aggregation and allow for the generation of future therapeutics.
Improvement of Donor Myocardial Function after Treatment of Autonomic Storm During Brain Death (2006)

Treatment of hypertension during AS may attenuate brain death-induced myocardial dysfunction and increase the number of available cardiac grafts.
Edge-based method for sharp region extraction from low depth of field images (2012)

This paper presents a method for extracting blur/sharp regions of interest (ROI) that benefits of using a combination of edge and region based approaches. It can be considered as a preliminary step for many vision applications tending to focus only on the most salient areas in low depth-of-field images. To localize focused regions, we first classify each edge as either sharp or blurred based on gradient profile width estimation. Then a mean shift oversegmentation allows to label each region using the density of marked edge pixels inside. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on a dataset of high resolution images and the results are compared with the manually established ground truth. It is shown that the given method outperforms known state-of-the-art techniques in terms of F-measure. The robustness of the method is confirmed by means of additional experiments on images with different values of defocus degree.
Adaptive blind source separation and equalization for multiple-input/multiple-output systems (1998)

In this paper, we investigate adaptive blind source separation and equalization for multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We first analyze the convergence of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) used in MIMO systems (MIMO-CMA). Our analysis reveals that the MIMO-CMA equalizer is able to recover one of the input signals, remove the intersymbol interference (ISI), and suppress the other input signals. Furthermore, for the MIMO finite impulse response (FIR) systems satisfying certain conditions, the MIMO-CMA FIR equalizers are able to perfectly recover one of the system inputs regardless of the initial settings. We then propose a novel algorithm for blind source separation and equalization for MIMO systems. Our theoretical analysis proves that the new blind algorithm is able to recover all system inputs simultaneously regardless of the initial settings. Finally, computer simulation examples are presented to confirm our analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of blind source separation and equalization for MIMO systems.
SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI DERMASEPTIN-LIKE PEPTIDE: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION (2005)

Analysis of the Schistosoma mansoni peptidome for immunomodulatory molecules by solvent extraction and reverse-phase HPLC revealed a 27-amino-acid residue peptide from an extract of cercariae. Using matrix-assisted, laser desorption-ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the peptide yielded a protonated molecular ion [M + H]+ of m/z 2789. The unequivocal sequence was deduced by automated Edman degradation as: DLWNSIKDMAAAAGRAALNAVTGMVNQ. The peptide exhibited an 80.76% identity with dermaseptin 3.1 from the leaf frog Agalychnis annae, and was therefore named Schistosoma mansoni dermaseptin-like peptide (SmDLP). Immunocytochemical staining using a primary antidermaseptin B2 antibody located SmDLP in acetabular glands of cercariae, in and around schistosomula, and in adult worms and their eggs. Dot-blotting confirmed its presence in extracts (cercariae and worms) and excretion/secretion (E/S) products (transforming cercariae and eggs). This was corroborated by use of a MALDI-ToF spectra database of E/S products from cercariae. Functional characterization of the peptide indicated that SmDLP had typical amphipathic antimicrobial peptide properties, i.e., the ability to lyse human erythrocytes causing a decrease in the levels of nitric oxide produced by monocytic cells. This last function strongly suggests that SmDLP plays a vital role in the parasite's immunoevasion strategy. The possibility that schistosomes acquired this gene from amphibians has been discussed by constructing a phylogenetic tree.
Adenosine 5′ phosphosulfate reductase and sulfite oxidase regulate sulfite-induced water loss in Arabidopsis (2021)

Chloroplast-localized adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate reductase (APR) generates sulfite and plays a pivotal role in reduction of sulfate to cysteine. The peroxisome-localized sulfite oxidase (SO) oxidizes excess sulfite to sulfate. Arabidopsis wild type, SO RNA-interference (SO Ri) and SO overexpression (SO OE) transgenic lines infiltrated with sulfite showed increased water loss in SO Ri plants, and smaller stomatal apertures in SO OE plants compared with wild-type plants. Sulfite application also limited sulfate and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in wild type and SO Ri. The increases in APR activity in response to sulfite infiltration into wild type and SO Ri leaves resulted in an increase in endogenous sulfite, indicating that APR has an important role in sulfite-induced increases in stomatal aperture. Sulfite-induced H2O2 generation by NADPH oxidase led to enhanced APR expression and sulfite production. Suppression of APR by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and glutathione reductase2 (GR2), or mutation in APR2 or GR2, resulted in a decrease in sulfite production and stomatal apertures. The importance of APR and SO and the significance of sulfite concentrations in water loss were further demonstrated during rapid, harsh drought stress in root-detached wild-type, gr2 and SO transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate the role of SO in sulfite homeostasis in relation to water consumption in well-watered plants.
220 Transfection of human adipose-derived mast cells: a characteristic study using different chemical reagents (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Mast cells are essential initiators and regulators in both innate and adaptive immunity in addition to being mediators of Type I hypersensitivity. Their role in cancer pathogenesis has been challenging to assess, given they contain both pro- and anti-tumorigenic mediators. Thus, to elucidate the functions of mast cell-derived gene products in cancer pathogenesis and mast cell differentiation, it is critical to study them by comparing their functional responses between those with selected gene knockdown and those without. However, primary human mast cells are known as hard-to-transfect cells and a fast and efficient method for transient transfection of primary human adipose mast cells has not been reported. <h3>Methods</h3> We investigated different approaches to transfect primary human adipose-derived mast cells from 10 donors (24 - 55 yrs.). Three cationic lipid nanoparticles (Metafectene and Metafectene-Pro, Biontex Laboratories, and Lipofectamine 3000, Thermo Fisher), one lipid/histone-based nanoparticle (Turbofectin 8.0, OriGene), and two non-liposomal polymeric reagents (TransIT-LT1 and TransIT-2020, MirusBio) were evaluated in conjunction with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged genes (e.g., tryptase) at different ratios of DNA plasmid to the reagent. The functional and phenotypic responses of the mast cells were compared to non-transfected mast cells. <h3>Results</h3> We found that transfection of primary human adipose mast cells is highly donor-dependent. Parameters that affect transfection efficiency include donor age, stem cell isolation procedure, in vitro age of mast cells at the time of transfection, the type and dosage of the transfection reagent, incubation time, presence of antibiotics, and serum content. The transfection rate efficiencies of human mast cells using lipid synthetic nanoparticles was higher than the lipid/histone-based and non-liposomal polymeric reagents. The maximum Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) fold change compared to the non-transfected mast cells was about 17 for the youngest donor that was transfected 7 to 10 weeks after isolation using Metafectene-Pro. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In general, older donor mast cells and mast cell progenitors were less susceptible to transfection. Also, a higher transfection rate is accompanied by increased cytotoxicity, so the analysis of various transfection conditions limiting cell death was the primary goal. Metafectene-Pro significantly increased GFP reporter gene expression compared to the other reagents. The transfected mast cells were phenotypically and functionally similar to non-transfected cells and were viable compared to control mast cells from the same donors. These studies will aid in determining if mast cell mediators have pro- or anti-tumor cell effects to help define the role these cells have in cancer pathogenesis. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> This study was approved by UNCG IRB, approval number 12–099, and under the NIH-defined ”exempt” status for human subjects research.
MRN complex-dependent recruitment of ubiquitylated BLM helicase to DSBs negatively regulates DNA repair pathways (2018)

Mutations in BLM in Bloom Syndrome patients predispose them to multiple types of cancers. Here we report that BLM is recruited in a biphasic manner to annotated DSBs. BLM recruitment is dependent on the presence of NBS1, MRE11 and ATM. While ATM activity is essential for BLM recruitment in early phase, it is dispensable in late phase when MRE11 exonuclease activity and RNF8-mediated ubiquitylation of BLM are the key determinants. Interaction between polyubiquitylated BLM and NBS1 is essential for the helicase to be retained at the DSBs. The helicase activity of BLM is required for the recruitment of HR and c-NHEJ factors onto the chromatin in S- and G1-phase, respectively. During the repair phase, BLM inhibits HR in S-phase and c-NHEJ in G1-phase. Consequently, inhibition of helicase activity of BLM enhances the rate of DNA alterations. Thus BLM utilizes its pro- and anti-repair functions to maintain genome stability.
Optical flowmeter using a modal interferometer based on a single nonadiabatic fiber taper (2007)

A novel in-fiber modal interferometer is presented that is based on a nonadiabatic biconical fused taper that couples light between the cladding and the core, combined with the Fresnel reflection at the fiber end. It is observed that the returned light from this fiber structure shows a channeled spectrum similar to that of a two-wave Michelson interferometer. The application of this device as a fiber optic flowmeter sensor is demonstrated.
Harvesting the Strain Installed by a Paternò−Büchi Step in a Synthetically Useful Way: High-Yielding Photoprotolytic Oxametathesis in Polycyclic Systems (2009)

High-yielding one-pot photoinduced transformation of readily available endoaroyl and heteroaroyl Diels-Alder adducts into novel polycyclic aldehydes or their hemiacetals, decorated by carbo- and heterocyclic pendants, is described.
In Vivo Flavor Release from Gelatin–Sucrose Gels Containing Droplets of Flavor Compounds (2007)

Gelatin-sucrose gels containing the same amount of flavor compounds present as either suspended droplets or homogenously distributed in the gel (dissolved) were eaten, and the in vivo flavor release was studied using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. The maximum intensity of release was higher from all droplet-containing samples as compared with the dissolved sample (by a factor of 4-2500-fold). When the flavor was dispersed as a greater number of smaller droplets rather than one 1 microL droplet, the intensity of in vivo release was slightly lower. The release of 16 of the flavor compounds varied in their Log P (range 0.26-4.83) and vapor pressure (Log vapor pressure ranged from -1.09 to 1.99). The differences in release for flavors present as either droplets or dissolved in the gel matrix were strongly influenced by both of these factors. This suggested a different mechanism for flavor release from droplets as compared to the classical partition mechanism established for dissolved flavors.
Into the depths of C: elaborating the de facto standards (2016)

C remains central to our computing infrastructure. It is notionally defined by ISO standards, but in reality the properties of C assumed by systems code and those implemented by compilers have diverged, both from the ISO standards and from each other, and none of these are clearly understood. We make two contributions to help improve this error-prone situation. First, we describe an in-depth analysis of the design space for the semantics of pointers and memory in C as it is used in practice. We articulate many specific questions, build a suite of semantic test cases, gather experimental data from multiple implementations, and survey what C experts believe about the de facto standards. We identify questions where there is a consensus (either following ISO or differing) and where there are conflicts. We apply all this to an experimental C implemented above capability hardware. Second, we describe a formal model, Cerberus, for large parts of C. Cerberus is parameterised on its memory model; it is linkable either with a candidate de facto memory object model, under construction, or with an operational C11 concurrency model; it is defined by elaboration to a much simpler Core language for accessibility, and it is executable as a test oracle on small examples. This should provide a solid basis for discussion of what mainstream C is now: what programmers and analysis tools can assume and what compilers aim to implement. Ultimately we hope it will be a step towards clear, consistent, and accepted semantics for the various use-cases of C.
Solid-State Photoinduced Luminescence Switch for Advanced Anticounterfeiting and Super-Resolution Imaging Applications (2017)

Solid-state organic photoswitches with reversible luminescence modulation property are highly attractive because of their wide prospects in advanced photonic applications, such as optical data storage, anticounterfeiting and bioimaging. Yet, developing such materials has long been a significant challenge. In this work, we construct an efficient solid-state photoswitch based on a spiropyran-functionalized distyrylanthracene derivative (DSA-2SP) that exhibits exceptional reversible absorption/luminescence modulation ability. Efficient photoswitching between DSA-2SP and its photoisomer DSA-2MC are facilitated by large free volumes induced by nonplanar molecular structures of DSA moieties, as well as the intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the DSA and MC moieties. Consequently, the excellent solid-state photochromic property of DSA-2SP is highly applicable as both anticounterfeiting inks and super-resolution imaging agents.
Pharmacology of Airway Smooth Muscle in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Asthma (1991)

Only a small number of studies investigating the in vitro pharmacologic properties of airway smooth muscle in asthma and well-characterized COPD have been performed. Further detailed studies on well-defined patient groups are required. The majority of available evidence would suggest that once airway smooth muscle is removed from its in vivo milieu, it loses the characteristics of hyperresponsiveness. This would explain why there are no clear differences in the pharmacologic responsiveness of tissue from patients with asthma or COPD and those with no obstructive disease. Future in vitro studies should be directed towards reproducing the in vivo environment. this would entail the establishment of a chronic inflammatory condition created by the continuous presence of neural and humoral factors.
A thermal benchmark chip: design and applications (1998)

A 1.2-/spl mu/m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) thermal benchmark chip has been designed, fabricated and tested. The chip is suitable to support various steady-state and transient measurements, e.g., heating and cooling curves, in-chip thermal couplings. It facilitates the calibration of various chip temperature mapping equipment. Besides the description of the chip design experimental results are presented in order to demonstrate the wide usability of this measurement supporting tool.