gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Tumors and Transplants of Fetal Digestive Tract Growing in Newborn Mice (1974)

Transplants of different sections of fetal digestive tract (DT) grew progressively and formed huge organ-like cysts in all adult BALB/c syngeneic recipients. The histologic structure of these cysts was similar to that of corresponding sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Some of these cysts underwent spontaneous malignant conversion 13–16 months later: Adenocarcinomas of the small and large intestines, solid epithelial tumors, and sarcomas or leiomyosarcomas developed. Transplantable strains were obtained from these tumors. The growth of organ-like cysts, formed from fetal DT, was markedly retarded in the newborn recipients as compared with that in adults. Stomach and large-intestine cysts appeared in 100% of the newborn mice, but they grew much more slowly than the cysts in the adult recipients. Cysts from fetal small-intestine transplants appeared later and developed only in 43–47% of the newborn recipients, as compared with 100% of the adults. Growth of transplantable tumors of DT was significantly retarded in newborn recipients as compared with that in adults. The greatest difference in tumor growth in newborns and adults occurred in transplantation of the small-intestine adenocarcinoma. It is assumed that newborn mice have certain nonimmunologic properties that specifically influence the growth of transplants and tumors of DT, particularly tumors of the small intestine.
Sample Preparation by Easy Extraction and Digestion (SPEED) - A Universal, Rapid, and Detergent-free Protocol for Proteomics based on Acid Extraction (2018)

SUMMARY Mass spectrometry is the method of choice for deep and comprehensive analysis of proteomes and has become a key technology to support the progress in life science and biomedicine. However, sample preparation in proteomics is not standardized and contributes to a lack of reproducibility. The main challenge is to extract all proteins in a manner that enables efficient digestion into peptides and is compatible with subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Current methods are based on the idea of removing detergents or chaotropic agents during sample processing, which are essential for protein extraction but interfere with digestion and LC-MS. These multi-step preparations are prone to losses, biases and contaminations, while being time-consuming and labor-intensive. We report a universal detergent-free method, named Sample Preparation by Easy Extraction and Digestion (SPEED) , which is based on a simple three-step procedure, acidification, neutralization and digestion. SPEED is a one-pot method for peptide generation from various sources and is easily applicable even for lysis-resistant sample types as pure trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is used for highly efficient protein extraction. SPEED-based sample processing is highly reproducible, provides exceptional peptide yields and enables preparation even of tissue samples with less than 15 min hands-on time and without any special equipment. Evaluation of SPEED performance revealed, that the number of quantified proteins and the quantitative reproducibility are superior compared to the well-established sample processing protocols FASP, ISD-Urea and SP3 for various sample types, including human cells, bacteria and tissue, even at low protein starting amounts.
Survey Methods and Identification of Ethnic Crops for the East Coast in the USA: A Procedural Synopsis (2007)

Crop Production/Industries
Studies on Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis. I (1951)

Some higher alkyl ethers of o-aminophenol were prepared and antibacterial actions of their hydrochlorides against human type tubercle bacilli were tested in vitro (Kirchner medium) and by S. C. C. method. Compounds synthesized were ethers of methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and benzyl. As long as the alkyl group in these ethers are straight-chain, saturated carbons of even number, there is a definite relationship between the length of the alkyl chain and the antibacterial action, the latter increasing with the increase of the number of carbon atoms. The maximum action (1:128, 000, by S. C. C. method) was found with an alkyl chain of 12 carbons, increase of carbon atoms above that resulting in the decrease of antibacterial action.
Preventive and Therapeutic Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Situations With Excessive Production of Free Radicals (2016)

Excessive production of oxygen free radicals has been regarded as a causative common denominator of many pathological processes in the animal kingdom. Hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals represent the major cause of the destruction of biomolecules either by a direct reaction or by triggering a chain reaction of free radicals. Scavenging of free radicals may act preventively or therapeutically. A number of substances that preferentially react with free radicals can serve as scavengers, thus increasing the internal capacity/activity of endogenous antioxidants and protecting cells and tissues against oxidative damage. Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) reacts with strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals, in the cells, that enables utilization of its potential for preventive and therapeutic applications. H(2) rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells without affecting metabolic redox reactions and signaling reactive species. H(2) reduces oxidative stress also by regulating gene expression, and functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. There is a growing body of evidence based on the results of animal experiments and clinical observations that H(2) may represent an effective antioxidant for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. Application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals, in particular, hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals is relatively simple and effective, therefore, it deserves special attention.
Are all granzymes cytotoxic in vivo ? (2013)

Abstract Granzymes are serine proteases mainly found in cytotoxic lymphocytes. The most-studied member of this group is granzyme B, which is a potent cytotoxin that has set the paradigm that all granzymes are cyototoxic. In the last 5 years, this paradigm has become controversial. On one hand, there is a plethora of sometimes contradictory publications showing mainly caspase-independent cytotoxic effects of granzyme A and the so-called orphan granzymes in vitro. On the other hand, there are increasing numbers of reports of granzymes failing to induce cell death in vitro unless very high (potentially supra-physiological) concentrations are used. Furthermore, experiments with granzyme A or granzyme M knock-out mice reveal little or no deficit in their cytotoxic lymphocytes' killing ability ex vivo, but indicate impairment in the inflammatory response. These findings of non-cytotoxic effects of granzymes challenge dogma, and thus require alternative or additional explanations to be developed of the role of granzymes in defeating pathogens. Here we review evidence for granzyme cytotoxicity, give an overview of their non-cytotoxic functions, and suggest technical improvements for future investigations.
Effects of Postnatal Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Cardiorespiratory Control in Newborn Lambs (2016)

While prenatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure has been shown to be a major cause of sudden infant death syndrome, the effects of postnatal ETS exposure have been less studied. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of 15-days postnatal exposure to 20 cigarettes/day on heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate variability (RRV) and cardiorespiratory interrelations in newborn lambs. On postnatal day 16, sixhours polysomnographic recording was obtained from six control lambs exposed to room air (group C0) and six lambs exposed to 20 cigarettes/day (group C20) for the first 15 days of life. ECG and respiratory movements (RSP) were continuously monitored. Several analyses were performed on these signals, including heart rate variability analyses (on the RR intervals extracted from the ECG), respiratory rate variability analyses (on different time series extracted from the breathing signal) and cardiorespiratory interrelations analyses (on both the RR interval and the breathing signal). The results suggest that ETS exposure for the first 15 postnatal days leads to slight alterations of cardiorespiratory control, which predominate on respiration.
Band gaps electromagnéticos unidimensionales en guía de onda rectangular (2003)

Original orientation of multi-hair follicles was mainly perpendicular to the radial line from the whorl irrelevant to the crown swirl hair flow. Multi-hair grafts transplanted perpendicularly would look similar to the natural hair follicles in the front half of the scalp.
Strain-balanced InGaAs/GaAsP multiquantum well reflection modulator operating near 1.06 μm on GaAs and silicon substrates (1993)

An InGaAs/GaAsP multiquantum well (MQW) reflection modulator is demonstrated that has no material buffer layer between the mirror and MQW, for superior electronic integration compatibility. A reflectivity change from 32 to 69% is obtained on GaAs substrates for a 0–10 V swing at 1.06 μm. We further demonstrate such a device on a silicon substrate.
Altered Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines Are Associated with Anovulatory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Women Resistant to Clomiphene Citrate Treatment (2017)

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease characterized by chronic oligoanovulation, clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and insulin resistance. Accumulating evidence has shown that PCOS-related ovarian dysfunction is the main cause of anovulatory infertility. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is the first-line therapy for PCOS patients; however, approximately 15-40% PCOS patients are resistant to CC treatment. It has been demonstrated that PCOS is a chronic pro-inflammatory state, as some pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated in the peripheral circulation of PCOS patients, but whether altered inflammatory cytokines expression in PCOS patients is associated with blunted response to CC remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 44 CC-resistant PCOS patients, along with 55 age and body mass index (BMI)-matched CC-sensitive PCOS patients. Ovulation was induced by administrating 50-100 mg/day CC on days 5 to 9 of each menstrual cycle. The cytokine profiles were detected by cytokine antibody microarrays and further validated by ELISAs. RESULTS CC-resistant patients had higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) than the CC-sensitive individuals. A growth factor, angiopoietin-2, was significantly reduced [1.64 (0.93-1.95) vs. 1.08 (0.85-1.34), p<0.05], while a chemokine CXCL-16 was significantly increased (9.10±2.35 vs. 10.41±2.82, p<0.05) in CC-resistant patients compared to the CC-sensitive subjects. CXCL-16 was positively correlated with hsCRP (r=0.33, p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that angiopoietin-2 and CXCL-16 are associated with CC resistance. CONCLUSIONS Circulating cytokines are disturbed in CC-resistant PCOS patients. Altered angiopoietin-2 and CXCL-16 levels might compromise the responsiveness of the ovary to CC through up-regulating angiogenesis and inflammation.
Emission of time-energy entangled photon pairs from an integrated silicon ring resonator (2014)

We demonstrate an integrated silicon source of time-energy entangled photons. Entanglement is proved using a Franson type experiment, obtaining visibility exceeding 90% and a violation of the Bell’s inequality by more than 10 standard deviations.
Searching for Relevant Lessons Learned Using Hybrid Information\n Retrieval Classifiers: A Case Study in Software Engineering (2018)

The lessons learned (LL) repository is one of the most valuable sources of\nknowledge for a software organization. It can provide distinctive guidance\nregarding previous working solutions for historical software management\nproblems, or former success stories to be followed. However, the unstructured\nformat of the LL repository makes it difficult to search using general queries,\nwhich are manually inputted by project managers (PMs). For this reason, this\nrepository may often be overlooked despite the valuable information it\nprovides. Since the LL repository targets PMs, the search method should be\ndomain specific rather than generic as in the case of general web searching. In\nprevious work, we provided an automatic information retrieval based LL\nclassifier solution. In our solution, we relied on existing project management\nartifacts in constructing the search query on-the-fly. In this paper, we extend\nour previous work by examining the impact of the hybridization of multiple LL\nclassifiers, from our previous study, on performance. We employ two of the\nhybridization techniques from the literature to construct the hybrid\nclassifiers. An industrial dataset of 212 LL records is used for validation.\nThe results show the superiority of the hybrid classifier over the top\nachieving individual classifier, which reached 25%.\n
Multi-Periodic Photonic Crystal Out-Coupling Layers for Flexible OLEDs (2014)

Waveguide mode extraction with multi-periodic photonic crystals is studied in experiment and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Flexible nanostructured organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated by UV nanoimprint lithography.
Emerging Biologics in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What is Around the Corner? (2010)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic chronic inflammations: the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is still largely unknown. Environmental and genetic factors in combination with the microbial flora or specific microorganisms trigger an event, leading to the activation of an intestinal immune response. Immune and non-immune cells create a cross talk via the secretion of soluble mediators and expression of cell adhesion molecules, resulting in further cell activation. Mediators such as cytokines and chemokines play a role in cell recruitment and polarization, intercellular signal amplification or activation and differentiation. Considering these aspects, medical management of inflammatory bowel disease has changed considerably over the past decade. Advances in biotechnology has allowed for the introduction of many biologic therapies, other than anti-TNF therapies. Many of these drugs showed clinical benefit for induction and maintenance therapy, both in UC and CD. Although numerous, at present only monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies are currently available worldwide. Other biological agents have been tested or are under evaluation. This paper systematically reviews the mechanism-of-action, efficacy, short-term and, where available, long-term safety of biological agents that have been approved for the treatment of IBD or are under evaluation which target different molecules other than tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
Optimism vs. locking: a study of concurrency control for client-server object-oriented databases (1997)

Many client-server object-oriented database systems (OODBs) run applications at clients and perform all accesses on cached copies of database objects. Moving both data and computation to the clients can improve response time, throughput, and scalability. For applications with good locality of reference, retaining cached state across transaction boundaries can result in further performance and scaling benefits. This thesis examines the question of what concurrency control scheme is best able to realize these potential benefits. It describes a new optimistic concurrency control scheme called AOCC (Adaptive Optimistic Concurrency Control) and compares its performance with that of ACBL (Adaptive-Granularity Callback Locking), the scheme shown to have the best performance in previous studies. Like all optimistic schemes, AOCC synchronizes transactions at the commit point, aborting transactions when synchronization fails; ACBL, like other locking schemes, synchronizes transactions while they execute. Earlier
Clinical and biological effects of demethylating agents on solid tumours – A systematic review (2017)

Demethylating agents are able to improve clinical outcome and alter methylation status in patients with solid tumours. Although beneficial effect has been shown in individual patients, overall response is limited. Further research on biomarker predicting therapy efficacy is indicated, particularly in earlier stage and highly methylated tumours.
Determination of the dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats (2004)

Results of the present study suggest that compared with a placebo, clomipramine significantly reduces the frequency of urine spraying in cats in terms of the number of urine spraying events per day and the number of days with urine spraying events. For cats with urine spraying, the recommended initial dosage of clomipramine is 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg, p.o., every 24 hours.
Effect on the Quality Characteristics of Korean Traditional Wines with the Addition of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (2006)

Korean traditional rice wines and liquors have been long brewed using nuruk or koji, cooked rice, How, yeast and some medicinal plants or herbs. The rosemary shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis L), belonging to the Labiatae family, is well recognized for its aromatic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumoral properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of rosemary addition on the quality characteristics of Korean traditional rice wine. Wines containing different rosemary concentrations (0, 10, 20 or 30%) were ripened for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days at 25C. The following quality characteristics were compared: pH, total acid, titratable acidity, amylase activity, color, reducing sugar amount, total sugar and ethanol. Although total acid increased, the pH of rosemary wine rapidly decreased during the rot 5-days of ripening, and these two changes were greatest in the wine containing 10% rosemary. The amount of both reducing sugar and ethanol in the wine rapidly increased during the rot 5-days of ripening, while total sugar content of rosemary wine decreased significantly with increasing ripening periods(p
The transition process: joint responsibility of nurse educators and employers. (1993)

The transition between school and work is a time of critical development for the beginning practitioner. Have nurse neophytes been set up for failure by academics? Are seasoned practitioners and administrators "eating our young" in service settings? What must be done to prepare confident and competent beginning practitioners? What must be done to ensure a working environment that encourages and nurtures the development of young nurses? Results of a brief survey conducted to determine if Canadian university schools of nursing invite feedback about competencies of new graduates, and a review of literature published about the subject, reveal that there is a limited interface in evaluating competencies of new graduates between university schools of nursing and clinical practice agencies. This paper discusses common issues in evaluation of new baccalaureate graduates' performance from the perspective of educators and employers. This paper also discusses issues related to the evaluation of new graduates as they are documented in the literature, findings of the aforementioned survey, and implications of the findings for nurse administrators and nurse educators.
A Systematic Methodology to Compute the Quantum Vulnerability Factors for Quantum Circuits (2023)

Quantum computing is one of the most promising technology advances of the latest years. Qubits are highly sensitive to noise, which can make the output useless. Lately, it has been shown that superconducting qubits are extremely susceptible to external sources of faults, such as ionizing radiation. When adopted in large scale, radiation-induced errors are expected to become a serious challenge for qubits reliability. We propose an evaluation of the impact of transient faults in the execution of quantum circuits on superconducting chips. Inspired by the Architectural and Program Vulnerability Factors, widely used for classical computation, we propose the Quantum Vulnerability Factor (QVF) to measure the impact of qubit corruption on the circuit output. We model faults, and design a fault injector, based on the latest studies on real machines and radiation experiments. We report the finding of more than 388,000,000 fault injections, considering single and double faults, on three algorithms, identifying the faults and qubits that are more likely to impact the output. We give guidelines on how to map the qubits in real devices to reduce the output error and to reduce the probability of having a radiation-induced corruption modifying the output. Finally, we compare simulations with experiments on physical quantum computers.
PEDIATRIC UROLOGY Bladder augmentation and continent urinary diversion in boys with posterior urethral valves (2011)

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a condition that leads to characteristic changes in the bladder and upper urinary tract. Dysfunction of the bladder such as a hyperreflective, hypertonic, and small capacity bladder as well as sphincter incompetence and/or myogenic failure should be adequately treated. Poor compliance/small bladder could be treated with anticholinergics, but bladder augmentation will probably be indicated. Although bladder reconstruction with gastrointestinal segments can be associated with multiple complications, including metabolic disorders, calculus formation, mucus production, enteric fistulas, and malignancy formation, enterocystoplasty is still the gold standard. In contrast to a neuropathic or exstrophic bladder, augmentation of the valve bladder allows spontaneous voiding without significant residual urine in the majority of cases, but some require CIC (clean intermittent cathterization). Augmentation cystoplasty is also an efficient approach in those children who will require kidney transplantation in the future.
GPS Data Based Urban Guidance (2011)

In many metropolitan areas, traffic congestion is an escalating problem which causes a significant waste of money and time. Nowadays, cars equipped with GPS devices become widespread. The location information of those cars is very useful for estimate traffic condition in the complex city road network. Using the accurate and real time traffic condition, we can provide dynamic route guidance to ease traffic congestion. In this paper, we proposed a speed pattern model, called two phase piecewise linear speed model (2PEED), to estimate traffic condition and represent speed pattern in a road network using GPS data collected vehicles. With the estimated traffic condition and speed pattern, a proposed classification-based route guidance approach using machine learning technique provides dynamic routing for drivers. Using both current traffic data and the experience learned from history data, our route guidance approach is able to accurately predict the future traffic condition and selects a best route. We give simulation results to show that the proposed approach is able to select and dynamically update a route to prove drivers a best (e.g., less traffic and shortest travel time) route to their destination.