gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Road Map to Tuning Ground State Absorption and Excited State Dynamics of Long-Wavelength Absorbers (2017)

Realizing chromophores that simultaneously possess substantial near-infrared (NIR) absorptivity and long-lived, high-yield triplet excited states is vital for many optoelectronic applications, such as optical power limiting and triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC). However, the energy gap law ensures such chromophores are rare, and molecular engineering of absorbers having such properties has proven challenging. Here, we present a versatile methodology to tackle this design issue by exploiting the ethyne-bridged (polypyridyl)metal(II) (M; M = Ru, Os)-(porphinato)metal(II) (PM'; M' = Zn, Pt, Pd) molecular architecture (M-(PM')<sub>n</sub>-M), wherein high-oscillator-strength NIR absorptivity up to 850 nm, near-unity intersystem crossing (ISC) quantum yields (Φ<sub>ISC</sub>), and triplet excited-state (T<sub>1</sub>) lifetimes on the microseconds time scale are simultaneously realized. By varying the extent to which the atomic coefficients of heavy metal d orbitals contribute to the one-electron excitation configurations describing the initially prepared singlet and triplet excited-state wave functions, we (i) show that the relative magnitudes of fluorescence (k<sup>0</sup><sub>F</sub>), S<sub>1</sub> → S<sub>0</sub> nonradiative decay (k<sub>nr</sub>), S<sub>1</sub> → T<sub>1</sub> ISC (k<sub>ISC</sub>), and T<sub>1</sub> → S<sub>0</sub> relaxation (k<sub>T1→S0</sub>) rate constants can be finely tuned in M-(PM')<sub>n</sub>-M compounds and (ii) demonstrate designs in which the k<sub>ISC</sub> magnitude dominates singlet manifold relaxation dynamics but does not give rise to T<sub>1</sub> → S<sub>0</sub> conversion dynamics that short-circuit a microseconds time scale triplet lifetime. Notably, the NIR spectral domain absorptivities of M-(PM')<sub>n</sub>-M chromophores far exceed those of classic coordination complexes and organic materials possessing similarly high yields of triplet-state formation: in contrast to these benchmark materials, this work demonstrates that these M-(PM')<sub>n</sub>-M systems realize near unit Φ<sub>ISC</sub> at extraordinarily modest S<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>1</sub> energy gaps (∼0.25 eV). This study underscores the photophysical diversity of the M-(PM')<sub>n</sub>-M platform and presents a new library of long-wavelength absorbers that efficiently populate long-lived T<sub>1</sub> states.
Analysis of timing and amplitude jitter due to intrachannel dispersion-managed pulse interactions (2002)

Transmission impairments due to nonlinear intrachannel crosstalk in strongly dispersion-managed systems are investigated. Analytical expressions to estimate timing and amplitude jitter due to intrachannel pulse interactions are provided. Timing jitter is found to be a dominant limiting factor for small values of map strength, whereas amplitude jitter is responsible for system performance degradation especially for large map strength. The analysis agrees with direct numerical simulations of the full system.
(5R,6S)-4-Isopropyl-5-methyl-6-phenyl-3-propanoyl-2H-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-2-one (2009)

The title compound, C(16)H(22)N(2)O(3), was synthesized during the course of a study on (1R,2S)-norephedrine-derived 1,3,4-oxadiazinan-2-ones. The conformation adopted by the isopropyl group is pseudo-axial relative to the oxadiazinan core. The allylic strain contributes to this conformational arrangement.
Dual binding capabilities of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and anti-ribosomal phosphoprotein (P) antibodies (2001)

The aim of this study is to identify distinctive properties of pathogenic anti-double stranded DNA antibodies and anti-ribosomal P antibodies. The binding activity of anti-dsDNA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies to their cognate antigens in 0.15 M and 1.5 M NaCl solutions on ELISA was examined. All anti-dsDNA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies exhibited a loss of their binding activity from 37.5 to 100% and from 2.3 to 97.4% in high ionic strength buffers, respectively. In contrast, anti-U1RNP antibodies and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies lost from 0 to 32.7% and from 0 to 40.1% of their binding activity, respectively. Anti-dsDNA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies from patients with nephropathy showed significantly higher binding activity in high ionic strength buffers than those from patients without nephropathy. Study of paired sera from lupus nephritis patients revealed that anti-dsDNA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies from patients during disease flare show stronger binding activity in high ionic strength buffer than those during remission. Most anti-dsDNA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies bind their antigens by ionic interactions that are sensitive to high salt. Such dual binding capability of anti-dsDNA and anti-ribosomal P antibodies may underlie their multiple cross reactivities to various epitopes and help elucidate the pathogenic potential of autoantibody subsets.
2028-P: Adding Exercise to Liraglutide Treatment in Weight Loss Maintenance Abolishes the Increase in Heart Rate Seen with Liraglutide Alone: The S-LITE Randomized Trial (2020)

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our aim was to investigate changes in CVD risk factors after an initial weight loss followed by 1 year of treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide and/or exercise. Method: The trial included 215 individuals with obesity (BMI 36.6 kg/m2, age 42 years). This was a double-blinded trial with an initial 8-week weight loss phase (800 kcal/day) and subsequent randomization (n=195) to placebo, placebo + exercise (150 min/week), liraglutide 3.0 mg/day or liraglutide 3.0 mg/day + exercise (150 min/week) for 1 year. Trial identifier: NCT 04122716 Results: The table shows changes in CVD risk factors after an 8-week weight loss phase followed by 1 year of treatment. Conclusion: A 13 kg weight loss acutely improved all CVD risk factors. With liraglutide and exercise treatment combined, body weight was further reduced. Fasting glucose and HbA1c were additionally improved with the combined treatments compared to placebo and exercise alone. Interestingly, when exercise was added to liraglutide treatment there was no increase in resting heart rate as opposed to liraglutide treatment alone. Disclosure J.R. Lundgren: None. E. Bladbjerg: None. C. Janus: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Mercodia, Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Foundation. Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Novo Nordisk Foundation. Speaker’s Bureau; Spouse/Partner; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp. L. Gliemann: None. L.M. Olsen: None. C.R. Juhl: None. S.B.K. Jensen: None. R. Thirumathyam: Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. R.M. Christensen: None. A. Andresen: None. B. Stallknecht: None. J.J. Holst: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Zealand Pharma A/S. Other Relationship; Spouse/Partner; Antag Therapeutics. J.D. Hove: None. S. Madsbad: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi-Aventis. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S. C. Antoniades: Board Member; Self; Caristo Diagnostics. S.S. Torekov: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Funding Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0019968, NNF15SA0018486); University of Copenhagen; Helsefonden; Danish Diabetes Academy
AROMATIZATION OF PROPYLENE OVER HZSM-5: A DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS (DOE) APPROACH (2013)

Aromatization of propylene was performed in a continuous reactor over HZSM-5 catalysts. A full-factorial design of experiments (DOE) methodology identified the effects of temperature (400°–500°C), Si:Al ratio (50–80), propylene feed concentration (8.9–12.5 mol.%), and catalyst amount (0.2–1.0 g) on propylene conversion as well as the yields of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTX), and total BTX. The Si:Al ratio and amount of the HZSM-5 catalyst influenced all of the responses, while temperature affected all the responses except the yield of p-xylene. An increase in feed concentration significantly increased the yields of benzene, toluene, and total BTX. An interaction between propylene feed concentration and catalyst amount influenced the yields of benzene, toluene, and total BTX. This interaction indicated that a higher feed concentration promotes aromatization at higher catalyst concentrations. By contrast, the interaction of Si:Al ratio with propylene feed concentration was found significant for p-xylene and o-xylene yields, but not for benzene and toluene, suggesting that xylenes are synthesized on different sites than those for benzene and toluene. These interaction effects demonstrate how the use of DOE can uncover significant information generally missed using traditional experimental strategies.
Constrained Key-Homomorphic PRFs from Standard Lattice Assumptions Or: How to Secretly Embed a Circuit in Your PRF. (2015)

Boneh et al. (Crypto 13) and Banerjee and Peikert (Crypto 14) constructed pseudorandom functions (PRFs) from the Learning with Errors (LWE) assumption by embedding combinatorial objects, a path and a tree respectively, in instances of the LWE problem. In this work, we show how to generalize this approach to embed circuits, inspired by recent progress in the study of Attribute Based Encryption. Embedding a universal circuit for some class of functions allows us to produce constrained keys for functions in this class, which gives us the first standard-lattice-assumption-based con-strained PRF (CPRF) for general bounded-description bounded-depth functions, for arbitrary polynomial bounds on the description size and the depth. (A constrained key w.r.t a circuit C enables one to evaluate the PRF on all x for which C(x) = 1, but reveals nothing on the PRF values at other points.) We rely on the LWE assumption and on the one-dimensional SIS (Short Integer Solution) assumption, which are both related to the worst case hardness of general lattice problems. Previous constructions for similar function classes relied on such exotic assumptions as the existence of multilinear maps or secure program obfuscation. The main drawback of our construction is that it does not allow collusion (i.e. to provide more than a single constrained key to an adversary). Similarly to the aforementioned previous works, our PRF family is also key homomorphic. Interestingly, our constrained keys are very short. Their length does not depend directly either on the size of the constraint circuit or on the input length. We are not aware of any prior construction achieving this property, even relying on strong assumptions such as indistinguisha-bility obfuscation. 1
Development and User Testing of the Gestural Joystick for Gloves-On Hazardous Environments (2007)

For controlling robots in an urban search and rescue (USAR) application, a wearable joystick is presented with improved sensing capability as well as a giant magneto-resistance (GMR) sensor model for use with rare-earth magnets. Scientists have been studying a variety of existing human/robot interface devices to control USAR robots in a disaster. Due to the stresses involved in USAR environments, the selection of an appropriate interface device out of the numerous interactive devices available has to be carefully considered. Furthermore, the total burden to the user of human/robot interface devices in USAR tasks includes not only the periods of interaction, but also the burden of transporting and remotely setting up the devices. The wearable joystick presented is developed with the design goal of minimizing total encumbrances. The features of this wearable joystick include easy and wire-free installation into regular gloves. An improved hardware structure for the sensor pad and the alignment of magnets is described that completely wraps the wrist. This band-type mechanism provides more robust data acquisition than previous prototypes. To evaluate performance, time-to-complete tests are performed, with a comparison to a metric for path tortuosity. The fractal dimension of the resulting path is analyzed to represent the degree of control the user has over the interface device. Experimental results are provided from both computer screen tess and real USAR robot driving tests.
The 1,000,000 lives campaign: Table 1 (2005)

Every year at least five million people around the world die from injuries—prevention of 20% of these deaths is an ambitious but feasible goal

The Institute of Medicine’s report “Crossing the Quality Chasm” estimated that as many as 98,000 lives are lost each year in hospitals in the United States due to medical errors.1 In response, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) has developed an ambitious “100,000 Lives” campaign, aimed at saving 100,000 lives each year in the US.2 The IHI is a non-profit organization that is seeking to improve health by “advancing the quality and value of healthcare”. The IHI is enlisting 2000 hospitals across the US to participate in this campaign by instituting six evidenced based strategies to decrease hospital deaths: (1) rapid response teams to reverse signs of acute cardiorespiratory decline in patients and prevent cardiorespiratory arrests; (2) evidence based care for patients with acute myocardial infarctions; (3) medication reconciliation to prevent adverse drug effects; (4) prevention of central line infections through five simple interventions for care of central lines; (5) use of preoperative antibiotics to prevent surgical wound infections; and (6) prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia through four simple interventions. This 100,000 lives campaign is a voluntary activity in which hospitals sign up to participate, receive “how to” guides on each of the six topics, and share information with one another on accomplishments. Over 2500 hospitals have agreed to participate, acknowledging the fact that quality of care and patient safety are increasingly recognized by the public as important to their own individual health.

These kinds of bold, but feasible, goals have been responsible for enormous advances in the health of people around the world. The goal of eradication of smallpox was set and achieved, wiping out a scourge that existed in the world for …
Nucleophosmin/B23, a multifunctional protein that can regulate apoptosis (2005)

Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23, a multifunctional nucleolar protein, is overexpressed in actively proliferating cells and cancer cells. B23 is a tumor marker and exerts its oncogenic effect through binding and suppressing numerous tumor suppressors. NPM-ALK, an aberrant fusion protein produced from t(2;5) translocation in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), fuses the N-terminus of B23 to the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of ALK, provoking lymphomas by stimulating various mitogenic proteins including PI 3-kinase and PLC-gamma1. Overexpression of B23 inhibits apoptosis, while knockdown of B23 induces cell death. However, whether B23 is directly involved in blocking apoptotic machinery remains elusive. B23 is recently identified as a nuclear PI(3,4,5)P3 binding protein through a PI(3,4,5)P3 column and NGF-treated PC12 nuclear extracts. B23 has been shown to mediate the anti-apoptotic effects of NGF by inhibiting DNA fragmentation activity of CAD. B23 mutants that cannot associate with PI(3,4,5)P3 fail to prevent DNA fragmentation, indicating that PI(3,4,5)P3/B23 complex regulates the anti-apoptotic activity of NGF in the nucleus. Identification of a small molecule mediating the anti-apoptotic action of B23 unveils a novel therapeutic target for treatment of B23 amplified cancers.
The adaptive gain integrating pixel detector (2016)

The adaptive gain integrating pixel detector (AGIPD) is a development of a collaboration between Deustsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), the Paul-Scherrer-Institute (PSI), the University of Hamburg and the University of Bonn. The detector is designed to cope with the demanding challenges of the European XFEL. Therefore it comes along with an adaptive gain stage allowing a high dynamic range, spanning from single photon sensitivity to 10<sup>4</sup> × 12.4 keV photons and 352 analogue memory cells per pixel. The aim of this report is to briefly explain the concepts of the AGIPD electronics and mechanics and then present recent experiments demonstrating the functionality of its key features.
Notch signaling in lung cancer (2011)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. The lungs can be affected by a number of histologically diverse malignancies. Nonetheless, the vast majority of lung cancers are classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite extensive research on different therapeutic regimens, the overall 5-year survival of patients diagnosed with NSCLC (all stages) is a dismal 15%. Although strongly correlated with tobacco smoke, there is an increasing NSCLC morbidity in individuals who have never smoked. The pattern of genetic lesions found in NSCLC derived from smokers and never-smokers appears to be different. This fact led to the hypothesis that different, still unidentified carcinogens are responsible for lung cancer onset in never-smokers. All the aforementioned considerations compel the scientific community to find novel therapeutic targets to fight such a deadly disease. In recent years critical pathways governing embryonic development have been increasingly linked to cancer. Here we will focus on the role of Notch signaling in lung cancer. Notch receptors' activity can be blocked through the use of different strategies, thus representing a promising alternative/complement to the arsenal of therapeutic strategies currently used to treat lung cancer.
A Methodology to Identify Cross-Functional Synergies of CIM Knowledge within a Transportation Agency (2022)

Civil Integrated Management (CIM) is an emerging paradigm that enhances the workflow of projects within transportation agencies pushing towards a digital transformation of some of their operations. Many transportation departments and agencies are already using some aspects of CIM. Several efforts have been undertaken to provide guidelines to implement CIM-related technologies; however, few have developed measurable quantitative methodologies based on the unique strengths of a specific agency or Department of Transportation (DOT). This study presents a method to assess what areas of CIM may be easier for a DOT to implement based on its own unique attributes. The method involves using an online survey in combination with a statistical test. Applying the method, a DOT or other transportation agencies will be able to make a more methodological decision on deployment of certain tools of CIM. Unlike previously presented methods, the methodology presented here is designed to be repeatable and applicable to any transportation agency interested in deploying CIM. Example real-world data and recommendations are provided to illustrate the method.
Which modifiable prenatal factors mediate the relation between socio‐economic position and a child's weight and length at birth? (2019)

Although several studies have shown a positive association between socio-economic position and size at birth, not enough is known about the modifiable factors that may be involved. We aimed to investigate whether maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), smoking, diet, and depression during pregnancy mediate the positive association between maternal education and birth size. Weight and length z-scores specific for gestational age and sex were calculated for 1,500 children from the EDEN mother-child cohort. A mediation analysis of the associations between maternal education and birth size was conducted with a counterfactual method, adjusted for recruitment centre, parity, maternal height, and age. In the comparison of children of mothers with low versus intermediate education levels, maternal smoking during pregnancy explained 52% of the total effect of education on birth weight. Similar findings were observed with birth length z-score (37%). The comparison of children of mothers with high versus intermediate education levels yielded a non-significant total effect, which masked opposite mediating effects by maternal BMI and smoking during pregnancy on both birth weight and length. Prepregnancy BMI and maternal smoking during pregnancy mediate the positive association between maternal education and birth weight and length z-scores. These mediators, however, act in opposite directions, thereby masking the extent to which healthy prenatal growth is socially differentiated.
Peculiarities of Linear Thermal Expansion of CuInS2 Single Crystals (2011)

CuInS 2 single crystals were grown by a traveling heater method, which is one of the solution growth techniques. The temperature dependence of the X-ray diffraction of CuInS 2 was determined between 10 and 300 K. The lattice constant of the a -axis decreased and that of the c -axis increased with increasing temperature. The linear thermal expansion of the c -axis calculated from the lattice constants decreased from 10 to 100 K.
EyeQ: practical network performance isolation for the multi-tenant cloud (2012)

The shared multi-tenant nature of the cloud has raised serious concerns about its security and performance for high valued services. Of many shared resources like CPU, memory, etc., the network is pivotal for distributed applications. Benign, or perhaps malicious traffic interference between tenants can cause significant performance degradation that hurts performance of applications, and hence, impacts their revenue. Network performance isolation is particularly hard because of the distributed nature of the problem, and the short (few RTT) timescales at which they manifest themselves. This problem is further exacerbated by the large number of competing entities in the cloud, and their volatile traffic patterns. In this paper, we motivate the design of our system called EyeQ, with the goal of providing predictable network performance to tenants. The enabler for EyeQ is the availability of high bisection bandwidth in data centers. The key insight is that by leaving a headroom of (say) 10 % of access link bandwidth, EyeQ simplifies dealing with potentially a global contention problem into one that is mostly local, at the sender and receiver. This allows EyeQ to enforce predictable network sharing completely at the end hosts, with minimum support from the physical network. 1