gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-silicon interaction for selective emitter formation in photovoltaics. II. Model applications (2012)

Laser doping is an attractive way to manufacture a selective emitter in high efficiency solar cells, but the underlying phenomena, which determine performance, are not well understood. The mathematical model developed in Part I solves the equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy and is used here to investigate the effects of processing parameters on molten zone geometry, average phosphorus dopant concentration, dopant profile shape, and sheet resistance. The empirically calculated sheet resistance values are in good agreement with independently measured sheet resistance values reported in the literature. Process maps for output power and travel speed show that molten zone geometry and sheet resistance are more sensitive to output power than travel speed. The highest molten zone depth-to-width aspect ratios and lowest sheet resistances for 532 nm laser beams are obtained at higher laser powers (&amp;gt;13 W) and lower travel speeds (&amp;lt;2 m/s). Once the power level is set, the travel speed can be varied for further optimization of dopant concentration and geometry.
Rediscovering Majority Logic in the Post-CMOS Era: A Perspective from In-Memory Computing (2020)

As we approach the end of Moore’s law, many alternative devices are being explored to satisfy the performance requirements of modern integrated circuits. At the same time, the movement of data between processing and memory units in contemporary computing systems (‘von Neumann bottleneck’ or ‘memory wall’) necessitates a paradigm shift in the way data is processed. Emerging resistance switching memories (memristors) show promising signs to overcome the ‘memory wall’ by enabling computation in the memory array. Majority logic is a type of Boolean logic which has been found to be an efficient logic primitive due to its expressive power. In this review, the efficiency of majority logic is analyzed from the perspective of in-memory computing. Recently reported methods to implement majority gate in Resistive RAM array are reviewed and compared. Conventional CMOS implementation accommodated heterogeneity of logic gates (NAND, NOR, XOR) while in-memory implementation usually accommodates homogeneity of gates (only IMPLY or only NAND or only MAJORITY). In view of this, memristive logic families which can implement MAJORITY gate and NOT (to make it functionally complete) are to be favored for in-memory computing. One-bit full adders implemented in memory array using different logic primitives are compared and the efficiency of majority-based implementation is underscored. To investigate if the efficiency of majority-based implementation extends to n-bit adders, eight-bit adders implemented in memory array using different logic primitives are compared. Parallel-prefix adders implemented in majority logic can reduce latency of in-memory adders by 50–70% when compared to IMPLY, NAND, NOR and other similar logic primitives.
Rootkits on smart phones (2010)

Smart phones are increasingly being equipped with operating systems that compare in complexity with those on desktop computers. This trend makes smart phone operating systems vulnerable to many of the same threats as desktop operating systems.
The Future of Cardiovascular Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure, Part 1 (2008)

Radiographic, ultrasound, nuclear, and magnetic resonance methods have become indispensable in the management of heart failure (HF). Imaging is widely used in decision making in HF, not only in relation to left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function but also in the selection of medical, device, and surgical therapy in HF and valvular heart disease. Future developments in the care of advanced heart disease, including stem cell therapy, device therapy to control remodeling, and percutaneous valve interventions, as well as the need to identify subclinical heart disease, are likely to expand this use. Moreover, the epidemic of diabesity (diabetes and obesity) will augment the existing epidemic of HF just when it appeared to have peaked.1 Large numbers of patients will need information from imaging to guide clinical decision making (Table 1). The sources of this information will need to be expeditious, inexpensive, and preferably objective and quantitative.
Fabrication Of MSI Level Transmitter OEICs: A Comparison Between Epl-ln-a-well And The Planar Multifunctional Epistructure (PME) Approaches (2005)

Progress in the fabrication technology for manufacture-compatible monolithic transmitter/transceiver OEICs has been minimal due to the lack of demand and complexity in processing. Simple cosdyield benefit analysis of fabrication approaches [l], however, indicate that monolithic transmitter OEICs may be manufactured with significant cost advantage over hybrid versions provided the OEIC fabrication sequence makes use of well developed, standard IC fabrication processes (e.g., using GaAs ED-MESFET, C-HFET or HBT). Monolithic transmitter/transceiver OEICs for 830 nm have been developed and fabricated for two different application scenarios using standard 3-inch GAS MSUI ED-MESFET processes (Figure 1). The first, aimed at free space optical inte~~~e~t~ and optoelectronic processing, consists of 64 surface emitting LEDs, 64 photodetectors, 1300 FETs and 500 thin-film resistors [2]. The 21 mask fabrication sequence involves embedding the epilayers within an etched well (epi-in-a-well), planarizing the wafer and the processing of FETs and OE devices. The second, aimed at optical interconnects in time division multiplexed computing applications, consists of 2 linear electro-optic waveguide modulators, 3 photodetectors (lateral MSM, PIN and phtoconductive photodetectors), and ED-MESFET circuits (390 FETs/ 6 resistors for the transmitter and 40 FET per PD for the receiver circuits). A novel planar multifunctional epistructure (PME) approach [2], with its associated reduced number of masking steps of 18 (see Figure 2), is used for the fabrication of the transceiver OEICs. The PME approach allows ED-MESFETs to be fabricated on totally planar substrates followed by the creation of the transmitter OE devices. In both the cases, the various photodetectors are made in conjunction with ED-MESFET fabrication. The paper summarizes and compares the two distinctly different approaches, their suitability for manufacture, and the possibility for long-term growth in terms their amenability for the incorporation of other, state-of-the-art devices/circuits, such as VCSELs, edge-emitting laserdamplifer-switches, and C-ET and HBT based electronic ICs.
Temporally variable multi-aspect auditory morphing enabling extrapolation without objective and perceptual breakdown (2009)

A generalized framework of auditory morphing based on the speech analysis, modification and resynthesis system STRAIGHT is proposed that enables each morphing rate of representational aspects to be a function of time, including the temporal axis itself. Two types of algorithms were derived: an incremental algorithm for real-time manipulation of morphing rates and a batch processing algorithm for off-line post-production applications. By defining morphing in terms of the derivative of mapping functions in the logarithmic domain, breakdown of morphing resynthesis found in the previous formulation in the case of extrapolations was eliminated. A method to alleviate perceptual defects in extrapolation is also introduced.
Optimierung von Proteinaufreinigungsprozessen basierend auf einem generischen Prozessmodell (2008)

Abstract In dieser Arbeit wird ein generisches Prozessmodell zur dynamischen Simulation von Proteinaufreinigungsprozessen vorgestellt. Durch dessen Kopplung mit einem evolutionären Optimierungsalgorithmus können die Sequenz und das Design der Grundoperationen von Aufreinigungsprozessen auf Basis detaillierter Modelle simultan optimiert werden. Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Optimierungswerkzeugs wird anhand eines Beispielprozesses zur Aufreinigung von humanem Serumalbumin demonstriert.
Diastereoselective Methylations of Enolates Derived from Pyridyl Amides (1998)

J. A. Parker and S. P. Stanforth, J. Chem. Res. (S), 1998, 362 DOI: 10.1039/A708923F
Indirect absorption edge of TlGaSe2 crystals (2006)

Abstract Absorption spectra of high‐quality layered TlGaSe 2 single crystals were measured in a wide temperature range. Results obtained at low temperatures show that the direct excitonic absorption initiating at E Gdir = 2.127 eV is perturbed by several series of step‐like features inherent for the indirect type transitions. Spectral modelling of these features revealed that: (i) the ground state of indirect exciton, n = 1, has a large Rydberg energy of about 100 meV, and (ii) the enhanced absorption to excited indirect excitonic states, n = 2, 3, exceeds the classical prediction for scaling factors K 1 ind / n 3 . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance Model Selection for Learning-based Biological Image Analysis on a Cluster (2013)

Microscopic images with increased scale and content call for high performance computing when applying automatic tools for biological image analysis. Speed of analysis can be improved at various stages. In learning-based models, selecting suitable algorithms for a given problem can be a lengthy process given the large pool of algorithms and the variety of biological problems. In this paper, we describe a portable method for efficiently and adaptively selecting an effective model for biological image classification as a step toward the goal of achieving high throughput biological image analysis. We implemented a high performance tool which extends the bioimage classification and annotation platform BIOCAT by deploying the model selection process on a cluster using a distributed design based on remote method invocation. The high performance model selection, when tested and compared using ten benchmarking data sets, is shown to not only dramatically increase the speed of the learning process, but also bring improved accuracy to several state-of-the-art data sets for bioimage classification. These achievements are attributed to the combined power of BIOCAT's adaptive model selection as well as the capability of distributed model evaluation. The tool is deployable to various types of distributed environments.
Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s‐Block Metal Compound (2020)

The concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation-state flexibility of the s-block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π-bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s-block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis-base-coordination chemistry.
Autonomous driving in urban environments: approaches, lessons and challenges (2010)

The development of autonomous vehicles for urban driving has seen rapid progress in the past 30 years. This paper provides a summary of the current state of the art in autonomous driving in urban environments, based primarily on the experiences of the authors in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge (DUC). The paper briefly summarizes the approaches that different teams used in the DUC, with the goal of describing some of the challenges that the teams faced in driving in urban environments. The paper also highlights the long-term research challenges that must be overcome in order to enable autonomous driving and points to opportunities for new technologies to be applied in improving vehicle safety, exploiting intelligent road infrastructure and enabling robotic vehicles operating in human environments.
Polymeric Perfluoro Bis‐Sulfonimides as Possible Fuel Cell Electrolytes (1993)

Linear polymeric chain perfluorinated bis‐sulfonimides have been synthesized. They are stable strong acids with interesting properties as electrolytes. Like sulfonic acids, they are hydronium ion conductors which require the presence of water to obtain significant ionic conductivity. They are therefore not suitable for use as fuel cell electrolytes at temperatures much beyond 100°C.
Shear Characterization of Additively Manufactured Short Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer (2021)

Abstract The additive manufacturing (AM) techniques Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM™) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) are all based on material extrusion and are one of the most widely used AM methods. Serial production with this technology requires a deep understanding for the process and the effects of the process parameters on the mechanical properties. In literature tensile, compression, or flexural properties are often considered. However, the basic structure of a FFF part is strongly anisotropic and therefore similar to a composite material. The characterization of a carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) involves additional material properties. One of the most informative quality values for CFRP is the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) in the midplane direction. The ILSS can be handled in an equivalent way for AM parts in form of the interlayer shear strength. The literature shows various approaches, but no existing standard to determine the interlayer shear strength for FFF parts. The aim of the study is a suitable experimental setup for identifying the interlayer shear strength of AM parts. The experimental setup and the specimen geometry in accordance with DIN 65148 are adapted to ensure an interlayer failure mode between two layers. The newly developed test approach is validated with a test series showing a decrease in ILSS of up to 40% by increasing the layer height.
Estrogen Receptors in Carcinoma of the Breast. A Comparison of the Dextran-Coated Charcoal, Immunoflu-Orescent, and immunoperoxidase technics (1984)

No AccessJournal of UrologyOncology and chemotherapy1 Feb 1984Estrogen Receptors in Carcinoma of the Breast. A Comparison of the Dextran-Coated Charcoal, Immunoflu-Orescent, and immunoperoxidase technics M.B. O’Connell and J.W. Said M.B. O’ConnellM.B. O’Connell More articles by this author and J.W. SaidJ.W. Said More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50401-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Estrogen Receptors in Carcinoma of the Breast. A Comparison of the Dextran-Coated Charcoal, Immunoflu-Orescent, and immunoperoxidase technics." The Journal of Urology, 131(2), p. 409 © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 131Issue 2February 1984Page: 409 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.B. O’Connell More articles by this author J.W. Said More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Direct thermal charging cell for converting low-grade heat to electricity (2019)

Efficient low-grade heat recovery can help to reduce greenhouse gas emission as over 70% of primary energy input is wasted as heat, but current technologies to fulfill the heat-to-electricity conversion are still far from optimum. Here we report a direct thermal charging cell, using asymmetric electrodes of a graphene oxide/platinum nanoparticles cathode and a polyaniline anode in Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> redox electrolyte via isothermal heating operation. When heated, the cell generates voltage via a temperature-induced pseudocapacitive effect of graphene oxide and a thermogalvanic effect of Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and then discharges continuously by oxidizing polyaniline and reducing Fe<sup>3+</sup> under isothermal heating till Fe<sup>3+</sup> depletion. The cell can be self-regenerated when cooled down. Direct thermal charging cells attain a temperature coefficient of 5.0 mV K<sup>-1</sup> and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.8% at 70 °C (21.4% of Carnot efficiency) and 3.52% at 90 °C (19.7% of Carnot efficiency), outperforming other thermoelectrochemical and thermoelectric systems.
Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration and the Concept of Neuroprotection (1999)

Glaucomatous neurodegeneration is a progressive pathological affair morphologically characterized by RGC death resulting in functional visual deterioration. Although a variety of primary insults ranging from mechanical trauma to ischemia to genetic susceptibility can initiate disease onset, apparently loss of trophic support and excitotoxin release remain the common themes responsible for neuronal damage and eventual cell death by apoptosis. The spread of this damage is perpetuated by secondary degeneration that allows directly injured neurons to release noxious and degenerative substances into the surrounding cells. Neuroprotection is a collective therapeutic approach the aim of which is to provide resilience to such neurons in an effort to prevent or delay progressive neuronal degeneration. At present, definitive neuroprotective therapy remains unachieved despite a variety of approaches having been defined and intensely pursued. However, the evolution in our understanding of glaucoma continues to offer reason for optimism. To this end, we remain unreservedly hopeful in the labor and committed work of dedicated investigators. We are all indebted to them.
A Review on Robot in Prosthodontics and Orthodontics (2014)

Application of robot to prosthodontics and orthodontics is a novel application of robot technology in medical field. This kind of robots can realize the manufacturing of complete or partial denture, dental implantology, and the bending of archwire. We have conducted a critical review on the development of application of robot in prosthodontics and orthodontics to identify the limitations of existing studies and clarify some promising research directions in this field. This paper is presented to summarize our findings and understanding. The main problems in its development are analyzed, the development trend is foreseen, and the future research is discussed.
A comparison between Genetic Algorithm and PSO for linear phase FIR digital filter design (2008)

A comparative study between genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in FIR filter design is presented in this paper. FIR filter design involves multi-parameter optimization, on which the existing optimization algorithms donpsilat work efficiently. Given the filter specification to be designed, both algorithms generate a set of filter coefficients and try to meet the ideal frequency characteristic. For the problem at hand, the simulation of designing FIR filters have been done and the simulation results demonstrate that PSO is better than GA, not only in the convergence speed but also in the performance of the filter.
Chemical or Surgical Castration—Is This Still an Important Question? (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Local Fruit Waste Driven Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell: A Sustainable Approach to Toxic Metal Removal and Bioelectricity Generation (2021)

Abstract The present work focused on the utilization of three local wastes i.e., rambutan ( nephelium lappaceum ), langsat ( lansium parasiticum ) and mango ( mangifera indica ) wastes as organic substrates in benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) to reduce the cadmium and lead concentrations from synthetic wastewater. Out of the three wastes, the mango waste promoted a maximum current density (87.71 mA/m 2 ) along with 78 % and 80 % removal efficiencies for Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ , respectively. The bacterial identification proved that Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter , and Citrobacter were responsible for metals removals and energy generation. Lastly, the BMFC mechanism, challenges and future recommendations are enclosed.
Effects of anode and cathode surface treatments on vacuum breakdown between metal electrodes with 50-ns high voltage pulses (2017)

Well diagnosed measurements of electrical breakdown between metal electrodes in vacuum have been made using a 1-MV, 50-ns pulse-generator-based test stand [1]. Results with bare, as-machined electrodes showed that cathode surface finish and material have little to no effect on the breakdown electric field. However, changing the AK gap did affect the breakdown field level, suggesting that the anode is involved in cathode turn on. Further tests showed that applying a carbon coating to the anode can dramatically decrease the breakdown field [2]. Here, we report on other anode and cathode surface treatments and how they can enhance or suppress breakdown. Polishing of the anode can prevent breakdown at certain field strengths and decrease the breakdown current at higher fields. Marring a small spot on a polished anode is shown to initiate cathode turn on at a location opposite that spot. The effects of other surface treatments such as metallic and dielectric coatings on anode and cathode surfaces will also be discussed.
Quenching and Rewetting of Nuclear Fuel Rods (1981)

Many postulated nuclear reactor accidents result in dryout or film boiling within the nuclear core. To minimize fuel rod damage and potential rod failure, safe or lower cladding fuel temperatures must be reestablished by encouraging coolant-cladding contact. This process is commonly referred to as quenching or rewetting, and these terms are often incorrectly assumed to be synonymous.Quench and rewet are distinctly different phenomena. Quench is the rapid cooling of a hot solid surface (fuel rod cladding) resulting from enhanced heat transfer conditions and does not necessitate liquid-solid contact. Rewet, however, implies direct liquid-solid contact and the establishment of a liquid-solid-vapor triple interface. The rewet temperature is normally lower than the quench temperature. Estimation of quench and rewet temperatures appears to be possible from first principles.