gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Baselines for Human Pose Estimation and Tracking (2018)

There has been significant progress on pose estimation and increasing interests on pose tracking in recent years. At the same time, the overall algorithm and system complexity increases as well, making the algorithm analysis and comparison more difficult. This work provides simple and effective baseline methods. They are helpful for inspiring and evaluating new ideas for the field. State-of-the-art results are achieved on challenging benchmarks. The code will be available at https://github.com/leoxiaobin/pose.pytorch.
Techniques of Candidate Cell Selection for Antenna Tilt Adaptation in LTE-Advanced (2014)

Active Antenna System (AAS) technology has the capability of deployment options with dynamic capacity provisioning. One of the features of AAS is high flexibility with respect to antenna tilt control via adapting the orientation of the antenna beam, which improves the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) performance to satisfy capacity demand in a non-uniform and spatiotemporally varying traffic distribution. Efficient tilt adaptation in capacity optimization requires identifying the dominant interferer cells rather than considering all neighboring cells of a certain target area. In this paper, considering AAS deployment, the performance of tilt optimization driven by heterogeneous user traffic distribution is investigated by applying a tilt optimization algorithm on selected candidate potential interferer cells. In order to identify these interferer cells, a technique called dominant interferer cell identification is proposed, assuming the presence of a high user traffic concentration (traffic hotspot) in a certain location and periodical user measurement reports at the base station. Moreover, by utilizing the periodic report statistics from users a mechanism to make a network aware of the presence of a traffic hotspot (HS) situation is also proposed. Investigations have been conducted using a 3GPP model and Ray tracing based realworld scenarios. Simulation results have shown that the proposed technique gives a reduced number of dominant interferer cells as compared to a default scheme, which considers all the neighboring cells of a cell serving the target area. In addition, it has also shown a significant performance improvement with a reduced set of dominant interferer cells.
PIV Measurements of a Turbulent Jet Issuing from a Round Orifice Plate(Free and Confined Jet) (2005)

An experimental investigation into a turbulent jet issuing from a round sharp-edged orifice plate into essentially unbounded surroundings is presented. The Reynolds number, based on the initial diameter and velocity of the jet, is 68,000. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was applied for planar measurements of the instantaneous velocity field of the jet. Both the axial and radial components of the mean and RMS velocities were obtained. The mean velocity decay along the centreline and the jet half-velocity radius were derived from the mean data. Comparison of present and previous measurements suggests that high initial turbulence intensity lead to reduced decay and spread of the mean flow field in the orifice jet. Results also show that self-similarity of the mean flow is approximately established early in the transition region while no self-similar turbulence occurs even at 30 exit diameters downstream from the orifice plate.
Etude de l'amorcage de la combustion dans un melange air-propane par un plasma non thermique. Application a l'optimisation de l'allumage sur un moteur (1995)

Ce memoire est consacre a l'etude de l'interaction entre un plasma non thermique et le demarrage de la combustion dans un melange air-propane. Dans ce plasma, l'energie est injectee dans le gaz sous la forme d'une excitation electronique plutot qu'une excitation thermique. Le premier chapitre est consacre a la presentation des parametres influencant l'inflammation d'un melange gazeux. Le second chapitre presente les processus necessaires au declenchement d'une etincelle, dans une geometrie dissymetrique d'electrodes pointe positive-plan, la pointe etant portee a un potentiel positif. Les moyens mis en uvre pour controler les caracteristiques electriques de cette etincelle sont largement detailles. Une presentation sommaire des proprietes physico-chimiques du plasma engendre par l'etincelle est egalement abordee. Le troisieme chapitre presente une etude de l'interaction de l'etincelle avec le melange gazeux. Par ailleurs, une analyse en fonction des caracteristiques de l'etincelle du demarrage de la combustion est plus particulierement developpee. Dans le quatrieme chapitre, un dispositif d'allumage, defini a partir des resultats obtenus au chapitre precedent, est propose. Ce dispositif est compare a un dispositif d'allumage conventionnel sur un banc moteur developpe et installe specifiquement pour cette etude. La synthese des resultats de l'etude montre que lorsque le plasma controle permet une reduction significative de l'energie necessaire pour une meme efficacite. Par ailleurs cette reduction d'energie s'accompagne d'une diminution de l'usure des electrodes
Three-dimensional particle simulation of buried space formation process during high current gas metal arc welding (2020)

A drop transfer mode and a rotating transfer mode in high current gas metal arc welding named buried arc welding were modeled using a particle method that was suitable for numerical simulations of a fluid behavior with phase changes and large deformations. Numerical simulations of the buried space and weld pool formation processes in both a drop transfer condition and a rotating transfer condition were conducted using computational models to clarify the effects of the arc pressure distribution and the transport position of the molten metal droplets on the buried space. Finally, numerical simulations using conditions combining these transfer modes to imitate low frequency modulated voltage control were also conducted. As a result, the computational model developed in this study clarified the roles of the drop transfer mode and the rotating transfer mode in the buried space formation process during buried arc welding. Moreover, the mechanisms of the experimental results obtained in a previous study, in which a deep penetration depth was obtained while preventing the collapse of the buried space by switching between the transfer modes, were qualitatively clarified.
Nerve regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy (2005)

We show sub-micron scale surgery with femtosecond lasers in a tiny living organism. By just cutting few 
nano-scale nerve connections inside the nematode C. elegans , we can stop the whole worm from moving backwards. 
This delicate axotomy keeps the surrounding of the severed axons un-damaged so that the axons can regrow back, 
and the worms recover and can move backwards again. These results demonstrate, for the first time, nerve 
regeneration in such a tiny organism, in its evolutionarily simplest form. The ability to perform precise sub-micron 
scale axotomy on such organisms provides tremendous research potential for rapid screening of drugs and discovery 
of new biomolecules affecting regeneration and development.
Tree-aware selective frame discard for P2P IPTV system on set-top boxes (2009)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming provides an effective means to enlarge the service scale for set-top box (STB) based internet protocol television (IPTV). A major challenge of designing such a P2P IPTV system is how to provide high-quality P2P video streaming over resource constrained devices. In this paper, we present a P2P IPTV system, which tailors to support live video streaming on resource constrained STB devices. Specifically, we propose a tree-aware selective frame discard algorithm for the P2P IPTV system, which performs a differentiated frame discard strategy by taking into account the location of a STB node in P2P multicast tree. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme enhances the media quality of STB based P2P streaming on congested links.
Expression of a selectable gene transferred by a retroviral vector to hematopoietic stem cells and stromal cells in murine continuous bone marrow cultures. (1987)

Retroviral-mediated gene transfer to multipotent and committed hematopoietic stem cells and marrow stromal cells was evaluated in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs). The retroviral vector pZIP-Neo(SV)(X) carrying the bacterial neomycin resistance (neor) gene that confers resistance to the neomycin analog G418 in mammalian cells was packaged in a Moloney envelope either as a replication-competent or replication-defective virus. Virus was introduced by infection of long-term marrow cultures at day 7. During a period of 12 weeks in culture, 10%-50% of harvested hematopoietic progenitor cells that formed differentiated CFU-GEMM colonies in response to pokeweed mitogen-containing spleen cell-conditioned medium (SCCM) and erythropoietin expressed the neor gene. In contrast, 1%-10% of hematopoietic progenitor cells that formed colonies in agar in response to WEHI-3B- or L-cell-conditioned medium expressed resistance to G418. The percentage of resistant progenitors was not detectably enhanced when replication-competent Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) was present as helper virus, even though M-MuLV infected greater than 90% of cells in the long-term marrow cultures. In a separate CFU-F assay, 12%-17% of the adherent stromal cells in LTBMCs were found to express the neor gene. Thus gene transfer is limited by the fraction of progenitor cells that can integrate and express the transferred genetic sequences, rather than by the fraction of cells that are initially infected by the vector.
ChemInform Abstract: Yeast‐Mediated Stereoselective Biocatalysis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Theoretical concepts of a novel Vernier-based fringe-counting fibre optic sensor (1997)

A novel fringe-counting fibre-optic sensor is proposed. It consists of a Vernier-type optical fibre resonator, and is driven by a source that covers one or several free spectral ranges of the Vernier resonator. Such a source can be synthesised by scanning a single-mode laser. The resolution of the sensor can be a small fraction of a wavelength. Fibre optic Vernier resonators can be constructed in several ways. A design using two cascaded fibre Fabry–Perot resonators is analysed in detail. An equivalent design consisting of two recirculating ring resonators is suggested as an improved solution.
Sleep in chronic pain: problems and treatments (2000)

AbstractChronic pain of any etiology often represents a difficult problem for the clinician and patient. Pain will usually be impossible to eliminate, and adequate pain reduction usually requires multiple therapeutic trials and careful polypharmacy. Identifying and treating comorbid sleep disturbances can improve the treatment of patients with chronic pain. Both pain medicine and sleep medicine are areas in which physician training has been inadequate. The literature on sleep disturbances in selected pain conditions, pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in the pain context, a case study, and basic clinical strategies for managing sleep problems in this population will be summarized. The overall treatment approach is based on optimizing pain control, identifying and treating psychiatric comorbidity, carefully investigating sleep patterns, and use of sleep-specific pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interventions for improving sleep.
Colonization on Cucumber Root and Enhancement of Chlorimuron-ethyl Degradation in the Rhizosphere by Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113 and Root Exudates (2018)

The colonization of Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113 and its degradation of the herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl in the cucumber rhizosphere was investigated. The results reveal that S113 colonized the cucumber roots (2.14 × 10<sup>5</sup>cells per gram of roots) and were able to survive in the rhizosphere (maintained for 20 d). The root exudates promoted colonization on roots and increased the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl by S113. Five organic acids in cucumber-root exudates were detected and identified by HPLC. Citric acid and fumaric acid significantly stimulated S113 colonization on cucumber roots, with 18.4 and 15.5% increases, respectively, compared with the control. After irrigation with an S113 solution for 10 days, chlorimuron-ethyl could not be detected in the roots, seedlings, or rhizosphere soil, which allowed for improved cucumber growth. Therefore, the degradation mechanism of chlorimuron-ethyl residues by S113 in the rhizosphere could be applied in situ for the bioremediation of chlorimuron-ethyl contaminated soil to ensure crop safety.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure-of-Merit in Thermally Robust, Nanostructured Superlattices Based on SrTiO3 (2015)

Thermoelectric (TE) metal oxides overcome crucial disadvantages of traditional heavy-metal-alloy-based TE materials, such as toxicity, scarcity, and instability at high temperatures. Here, we report the TE properties of metal oxide superlattices, composed from alternating layers of 5% Pr3+-doped SrTiO3−δ (SPTO) and 20% Nb5+-doped SrTiO3−δ (STNO) fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Excellent stability is established for these superlattices by maintaining the crystal structure and reproducing the TE properties after long-time (20 h) annealing at high temperature (∼1000 K). The introduction of oxygen vacancies as well as extrinsic dopants (Pr3+ and Nb5+), with different masses and ionic radii, at different lattice sites in SPTO and STNO layers, respectively, results in a substantial reduction of thermal conductivity via scattering a wider range of phonon spectrum without limiting the electrical transport and thermopower, leading to an enhancement in the figure-of-merit (ZT). The superlattice composed of 20 SPTO/STNO pairs, 8 unit cells of each layer, exhibits a ZT value of 0.46 at 1000 K, which is the highest among SrTiO3-based thermoelectrics.
Total cross sections for slow-electron (1–20 eV) scattering in solidH2O (1987)

An analytical method is proposed to determine absolute total cross sections per scatterer and related mean free paths for low-energy electron scattering in disordered molecular solid films. The procedure is based on a two-stream multiple-scattering model of the thickness dependence of the film reflectivity for elastic electrons. The expected analytical behavior and accuracy are tested on a model sample whose scattering properties are generated by a Monte Carlo simulation from initially known parameters. The effects of multiple scattering inside the film and at its interfaces are taken into account and discussed. The thickness dependence of the elastic electron reflectivity of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O film condensed at 14 K is reported between 1 and 20 eV incident energy with a spectrometer resolution of 10 meV. The proposed method is applied to extract from these measurements the energy dependence of the total effective and total inelastic cross sections for electron scattering in amorphous ice.
Robust polyelectrolyte microcapsules reinforced with carbon nanotubes (2016)

A facile method of incorporation of carbon nanotubes across the walls of polyelectrolyte microcapsules was developed for their reinforcement and sealing.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Study on the Origin of Stress Oscillation during Step-Wise Stretching in Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (2004)

The origin of the phenomenon of stress oscillation during step-wise stretching at room temperature for amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was investigated using vibrational spectroscopy. For the first time, transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR, and micro-Raman spectroscopies were used in order to investigate the correlation of the orientation of the molecular chains, their conformational transformations, and the appearance of stress-induced crystallization to the phenomenon of stress oscillation during the step-wise stretching procedure. The phenomenon of stress oscillation occurs when amorphous PET is exposed to mechanical stress during which the extension rate is increased in a step-wise manner. This phenomenon leads to the formation of a pattern of opaque and transparent stripes (''striated'' or oscillating region), clearly distinguished from the unstretched (''bulk'') and the ''necking'' regions. Both infrared and Raman spectroscopic investigations revealed that the main conformational transformations and a significant increase of the crystallinity occur simultaneously in the ''striated'' region. Polarized infrared experiments showed the presence of increased molecular orientation, which is more profound for the ''intense striated'' region. Finally, micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed the study of opaque and transparent stripes individually and showed that the opaque stripes are more crystalline. Thus, our findings provide conclusive experimental support for the theory, which directly correlates the appearance of the stress-oscillation phenomenon with the induction of crystallinity and heat release and is based on Barenblatt's model. Our study also provides new conformational assignments for the infrared bands in PET for the high-frequency region from 3200 to 3800 cm(-1). Specifically, the bands at 3336 cm(-1) and at 3298 cm(-1) have been attributed to the trans and gauche conformations, respectively.
Photonics for Ultrawideband RF Spectral Analysis in Electronic Warfare Applications (2019)

Electronic warfare receivers must satisfy particularly demanding requirements, and current electronic solutions must find a tradeoff between the request for high performance (in particular, very wide bandwidth, very high sensitivity, and very linear response) and the need for light and small systems. Photonics has been often proposed as a potential enabler of performance improvements, thanks to its wide tunability and precision, and recently the advancements of the photonic integration technologies are also promising strong reductions of size and weight. In this paper, we present an overview of the photonics-based solutions proposed so far in the field of electronic warfare. In particular, we focus on the specific implementation of a spectrum scanner we have recently proposed. Besides the performance in terms of bandwidth, linearity, and sensitivity, which are on par with the state-of-the-art electronic commercial systems, here, we report on our last advancements in terms of tuning speed. Further improvements are also discussed, in terms of both tuning speed and integrability.
Antimicrobial Resistance inHaemophilus influenzae (2007)

Haemophilus influenzae is a major community-acquired pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Meningitis and bacteremia due to type b strains occur in areas where the protein-conjugated type b vaccine is not in use, whereas nontypeable strains are major causes of otitis media, sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. Antibiotic resistance in this organism is more diverse and widespread than is commonly appreciated. Intrinsic efflux resistance mechanisms limit the activity of the macrolides, azalides, and ketolides. beta-Lactamase production is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin. Strains with alterations in penicillin binding proteins, particularly PBP3 (beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant and beta-lactamase positive amoxicillin-clavulanate resistant), are increasing in prevalence, particularly in Japan, with increasing resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and many cephalosporins, limiting the efficacy of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins against meningitis and of many oral cephalosporins against other diseases. Most strains remain susceptible to the carbapenems, which are not affected by penicillin binding protein changes, and the quinolones. The activity of many oral agents is limited by pharmacokinetics achieved with administration by this route, and the susceptibility of isolates based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters is reviewed.
Reliability characterization of the SLICC package (2002)

SLICC (Slightly Larger than IC Carrier) is a chip-scale ball grid array (BGA) package currently under development at Motorola. The SLICC package consists of a solder-bumped integrated circuit (IC) which is flip-chip bonded to an interposer substrate-approximately 8 mils thick-and then underfilled with an encapsulant. Chip I/Os are routed to package I/Os through plated through holes (PTHs) in the interposer substrate. Package I/Os are composed of solder bumps (approx. 22.2 mils in diameter on a 32-mil pitch) attached to the bottom side of the interposer substrate. The most apparent benefit of the SLICC package is its utilization of the area efficiency associated with direct chip attach (DCA) technology, coupled with the assembly, test, and repair simplicity afforded by BGA-type packaging.
Fungal Assisted Valorisation of Polymeric Lignin: Mechanism, Enzymes and Perspectives (2023)

Lignocellulose is considered one of the significant recalcitrant materials and also is difficult to break down because of its complex structure. Different microbes such as bacteria and fungi are responsible for breaking down these complex lignin structures. This article discussed briefly the lignin-degrading bacteria and their critical steps involved in lignin depolymerization. In addition, fungi are regarded as the ideal microorganism for the degradation of lignin because of their highly effective hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme systems for the breakdown of lignocellulosic materials. The white rot fungi, mainly belonging to basidiomycetes, is the main degrader of lignin among various microorganisms. This could be achieved because of the presence of lignolytic enzymes such as laccases, lignin peroxidases, and manganese peroxidases. The significance of the fungi and lignolytic enzyme’s role in lignin depolymerization, along with its mechanism and chemical pathways, are emphasized in this article.
A Dispersion Management Scheme for Reducing SOA-Induced Crosstalk in WDM Links (2004)

The penalty imposed on the multichannel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) link employing cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) caused by the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in the SOAs is analyzed and shown to depend on the dispersion management scheme utilized in the link. Based on the results of the analysis, a novel dispersion management scheme is proposed to prevent the repetition of the bit patterns at each SOA stage. Numerical calculations show that with the proposed dispersion management scheme, the crosstalk is mitigated and the performance is significantly improved.
Carbon and hydrogen contents of short-rotation biomass of five hardwood species. (1989)

Carbon, hydrogen, and ash contents were determined on three-year-old, short-rotation trees of autumn olive, black alder, black locust, eastern cottonwood, and sycamore. These plantations were established on marginal agricultural land that was not suitable for food production in Midwestern United States. Test results indicated that elemental analysis varied among species, planting site, and spacing. Black locust had the highest hydrogen content, black alder had the highest carbon content, and eastern cottonwood possessed the greatest ash content. The hydrogen content was higher at bottomland than upland, while the carbon content and ash content were both higher on upland as opposed to bottomland sites. The hydrogen content was higher at narrow spacing, while carbon content was higher at wide spacing. Conversely, hydrogen was not significantly affected by the stem portion, while both carbon and ash contents of the wood, bark, and branches mixture portion were higher than those of the wood portion.