gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic Study on the Leading Effect of a Leader-net with Kaeshi-ami. (1992)

Water tank experiments on fish behaviour towards model nets were conducted using tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to compare the leading effects between a straight leader-net and a leader-net with Kaeshi-ami. The difference in leading effects between the two different types was evaluated by the swimming distance along the leader-net and the leading rate of the leader-net. The results showed that the swimming distance along the leader-net with Kaeshi-ami was much longer than that of the straight leader-net. The leading rates of the straight leader-net and leader-net with Kaeshi-ami were 12% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, it was sug-gested that improvements in the construction of Kaeshi-ami can increase its leading effect.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the human HLA-DQB regions. (1994)

Genetic diagnosis of 13 alleles of HLA-DQB1 (0501, 0502, 5031, 5032, 0601, 0602, 0604, 0201, 0301, 0302, 3032, 0401 and 0402) from 65 human DNA samples was achieved by applying single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to DNA fragments amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a convenient primer set for DQB1 (recommendation of the International Histocompatibility Workshop, 1991). Differences between strand images (narrow/distinct or broad/diffuse) from the individual alleles and their electrophoretic mobilities are regarded as criteria for confirming the genetic diagnosis of DQB1 alleles. This primer set amplifies not only DNA fragments belonging to DQB1, but also to DQB2, and classification of 3 phenotypes (1.1, 1.2 and 1.1/1.2) in the presence of two alleles at the latter locus was suggested. Consequently, PCR/SSCP of DNA amplified by this primer enables classification of the phenotypes, at least under our experimental conditions, into 3 x 91 groups. Two advantages of SSCP analysis over VNTR with regard to the use of amplified DNA in forensic practice are described.
Antinociceptive properties of N-aryl-glutaramic acids and N-aryl-glutarimides. (2000)

This study describes the antinociceptive activity of some N-aryl-glutaramic acids and N-aryl-glutarimides in writhing and formalin tests, two classical models of pain in mice. These compounds show high activity, being more active than acetyl salycilic acid, acetaminophen and indomethacin, used as standard drugs for comparison. The introduction of different substituent groups in the aromatic ring caused a significant change in activity. The results obtained here are promising from a pharmacological point of view, since these simple compounds might be used as models to obtain new and potent analgesic drugs.
Properties and Classification of Diamond-Like Carbon Films (2021)

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been extensively applied in industries owing to their excellent characteristics such as high hardness. In particular, there is a growing demand for their use as protective films for mechanical parts owing to their excellent wear resistance and low friction coefficient. DLC films have been deposited by various methods and many deviate from the DLC regions present in the ternary diagrams proposed for sp<sup>3</sup> covalent carbon, sp<sup>2</sup> covalent carbon, and hydrogen. Consequently, redefining the DLC region on ternary diagrams using DLC coatings for mechanical and electrical components is urgently required. Therefore, we investigate the sp<sup>3</sup> ratio, hydrogen content, and other properties of 74 types of amorphous carbon films and present the classification of amorphous carbon films, including DLC. We measured the sp<sup>3</sup> ratios and hydrogen content using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and Rutherford backscattering-elastic recoil detection analysis under unified conditions. Amorphous carbon films were widely found with nonuniform distribution. The number of carbon atoms in the sp<sup>3</sup> covalent carbon without bonding with hydrogen and the logarithm of the hydrogen content were inversely proportional. Further, we elucidated the DLC regions on the ternary diagram, classified the amorphous carbon films, and summarized the characteristics and applications of each type of DLC.
Welkstoffe und Antibiotika. 43. Mitteilung. [1]. Fusarinonsäure und die enantiomeren Fusarinolsäuren (1975)

Abstract Aus 2‐Carboxy‐5‐methylpyridin ( 1a ) wurde über das 5‐Brommethyl‐2‐methoxycarbonylpyridin ( 2 ) mit Acetessigester der Ketodicarbonsäureester 3 und daraus die Fusarinonsäure ( 8 ) hergestellt. Ein anderer Weg führte von 1a über 5‐Dibrommethyl‐2‐methoxycarbonylpyridin ( 5 ) zum 5‐Formyl‐2‐methoxycarbonylpyridin ( 6 ), welches ebenfalls zur Gewinnung der Fusarinonsäure geeignet ist. Die schon früher aus natürlicher Dehydrofusarinsäure und nun auch aus Fusarinonsäure ( 8 ) hergestellte rac . Fusarinolsäure ( 10a ) wurde mit (+)‐und (–)‐1‐Phenyläthylamin erstmals in die optisch reinen Enantiomeren 11 &amp; 12 zerlegt, deren absolute Konfiguration gesichert ist.
Three‐satellite comparison of polar mesospheric clouds: Evidence for long‐term change (2002)

Measurements of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) from three different satellite instruments are compared. These instruments are the Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME), the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII), and the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM II). These measurements have been put on a common basis, correcting for differences in the wavelengths and measurement techniques used. This common basis is the probability distribution of the excess extinction ratio (EER) at a standard wavelength of 265 nm, where the EER is the ratio of the PMC extinction coefficient to the background molecular Rayleigh scattering coefficient. The results indicate that the POAM and WINDII measurements in the Southern Hemisphere had a higher probability of observing bright PMCs during the 1993–1996 time period than SME did a decade earlier in 1983–1986. Local time variations identified in WINDII data are interpreted in terms of a diurnal and semidiurnal component of average EER. These results are qualitatively similar to those found from lidar soundings of noctilucent cloud at sites in Norway and at the South Pole. Differences in interannual variability, local time of the measurements, assumed particle size distributions, and solar cycle effects are ruled out as possible explanations of the differences.
Tolerance analysis for efficient MMI devices in silicon photonics (2014)

Silicon is considered a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits as they can be fabricated in state-of-the-art electronics foundaries with integrated CMOS electronics. While much of the existing work on CMOS photonics has used directional couplers for power splitting, multimode interference (MMI) devices may have relaxed fabrication requirements and smaller footprints, potentially energy efficient designs. They have already been used as 1x2 splitters, 2x1 combiners in Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulators, and 3-dB couplers among others. In this work, 3-dB, butterfly and cross MMI couplers are realized on bulk CMOS technology. Footprints from around 40um<sup>2</sup> to 200 um<sup>2</sup> are obtained. MMI tolerances to manufacturing process and bandwidth are analyzed and tested showing the robustness of the MMI devices.
Extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery – the SAVE-HIP3 study (2013)

There is currently limited information available on the benefits and risks of extended thromboprophylaxis after hip fracture surgery. SAVE-HIP3 was a randomised, double-blind study conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended thromboprophylaxis with the ultra-low molecular-weight heparin semuloparin compared with placebo in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. After a seven- to ten-day open-label run-in phase with semuloparin (20 mg once daily subcutaneously, initiated post-operatively), patients were randomised to once-daily semuloparin (20 mg subcutaneously) or placebo for 19 to 23 additional days. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of any venous thromboembolism (VTE; any deep-vein thrombosis and non-fatal pulmonary embolism) or all-cause death until day 24 of the double-blind period. Safety parameters included major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding, laboratory data, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Extended thromboprophylaxis with semuloparin demonstrated a relative risk reduction of 79% in the rate of any VTE or all-cause death compared with placebo (3.9% vs 18.6%, respectively; odds ratio 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.45), p < 0.001). Two patients in the semuloparin group and none in the placebo group experienced clinically relevant bleeding. TEAE rates were similar in both groups. In conclusion, the SAVE-HIP3 study results demonstrate that patients undergoing hip fracture surgery benefit from extended thromboprophylaxis.
Mycotoxins and the avian kidney: assessment of physiological function (1993)

The avian kidney has shown a remarkable ability to maintain adequate and even normal function in the face of a mycotoxin challenge. Full evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of a substance must therefore go beyond pathological and ultrastructural documentation and include a complete functional evaluation. To date, only three nephrogenic mycotoxins, citrinin, ochratoxin A, and aflatoxin B1 have been assessed for their ability to alter avian renal function. At non-lethal doses, citrinin appears to have acute reversible effects on the distal portion of the nephron, possibly acting to inhibit water absorption. Ochratoxin A is more potent and less acute than citrinin but less site-specific in that both proximal and distal tubules are damaged, resulting in severe loss of both fluids and electrolytes. Aflatoxin B1 at a dosage and duration which induced hepatotoxicity, concurrently exerted nephrogenic effects such as increased urinary calcium excretion and decreased inorganic phosphate excretion. In commercial broilers aflatoxin B1 has been shown to decrease plasma levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and may also decrease endogenous parathyroid hormone synthesis and the renal sensitivity to parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, exposure to aflatoxin B1 may cause prolonged alteration in renal function such as reduced glomerular filtration rate. This review summarizes the studies which have been conducted to evaluate avian renal function during both acute and chronic exposure to these three mycotoxins.
In vitro activity of PD 127,391, an enhanced-spectrum quinolone (1988)

The in vitro activity of PD 127,391, a dihalogenated quinolone, was compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and cefuroxime against 525 recent isolates and well-characterized antimicrobial agent-resistant strains. The MICs of PD 127,391 against 90% of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria sp., and Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. Some 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococci were susceptible to 0.25 micrograms of PD 127,391 per ml. Against most strains, PD 127,391 was 2- to 8-fold more active than ciprofloxacin, but it was 64-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against B. fragilis. Strains of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae which were resistant to nalidixic acid were less susceptible to all of the quinolones tested, including PD 127,391. The MIC and minimum lethal concentration of PD 127,391 against three strains of Chlamydia trachomatis were each 0.06 microgram/ml, and the MIC against 90% of 21 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 1 microgram/ml. PD 127,391 was less active at pH 5, its maximal activity being at pH 7 to 8. The presence of urine at pH 5.9 decreased the bactericidal activity. The protein binding of PD 127,391 was 2 to 7%, and serum had little effect on activity.
QUALITY-BIASED RETRIEVAL IN ONLINE FORUMS (2012)

This paper presents an ongoing research in utilizing content quality to enhance thread and post retrieval tasks in support oriented forums. First, we adapt the established information quality approach as a theoretical way to understand quality. Then, we outline research areas that help in quantifying quality. Lastly, we propose to use learning to rank method to weight quality parameters while ranking.
Desenhos de estruturas químicas correlacionam-se com propriedades biológicas: MIA-QSAR (2012)

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: MIA-QSAR. Descriptors in multivariate image analysis applied to quantitative structure-activity relationship (MIA-QSAR) are pixels of bidimensional images of chemical structures (drawings), which were used to model the trichomonicidal activities of a series of benzimidazole derivatives. The MIA-QSAR model showed good predictive ability, with r 2 , q 2 and r val. ext.
Modeling the Kinetics of Flavour Release during Drinking (2004)

Novel mathematical models for flavour release during drinking are described, based on the physiology of breathing and swallowing. Surprisingly, we conclude that most flavour molecules arriving in the nose are extracted from liquid left in the throat, after swallowing. The models are fit to real time flavour release data obtained using APCI-mass spectrometry. Before modelling, raw data are corrected for the effects of varying airflow rate, using the signal from acetone in exhaled air. A simple equilibrium batch extraction model correctly describes flavour release during the first breaths after swallowing a flavoured liquid. It shows that for eight volatiles, whose in vitro air-water partition coefficients vary by a factor of 500, the apparent in vivo air-saliva partition coefficients vary only by a factor of five. To interpret the kinetics of flavour release longer after swallowing, diffusion of flavour into the throat lining is included. This is done using a three-layer model for mass transfer in the throat. An analytical solution of this model gives good fits to typical data. These models de-couple the physiological and physico-chemical aspects of flavour release, clarifying the effect of behaviour on in-vivo flavour release.
Patient Care Outcomes of the SEAHEC Improving Performance in Practice (IPIP) Experience (2013)

<h3>Purpose:</h3> This study describes the effects of the collaboration between the South East Area Health Education Center and Improving Performance in Practice (IPIP) on the improvement in quality markers in chronic disease states in a southeastern North Carolina family practice. <h3>Methods:</h3> Teams were created throughout 6 counties to implement strategies at biweekly quality team meetings that would ultimately improve patient quality, as measured by adherence to IPIP benchmarks. Grant-funded cash incentives were given to the practice to create a chronic care registry. Quarterly learning network meetings encouraged the exchange of quality improvement techniques. <h3>Results:</h3> The practice9s quality team succeeded in creating a chronic care registry, improving patient care as measured by benchmark chronic disease states, and extending this knowledge to other areas of their practice. <h3>Discussion:</h3> With mounting economic barriers to quality preventive services and medical access of any kind, the quality improvement in diabetic care and asthma is notable. The SEAHEC collaborative helped the practice achieve better results in approaching quality benchmarks than state averages, despite serving a more economically challenged population.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (2019)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods of bioanalytical chemistry. With respect to dynamic development particularly in the analysis and investigation of biomacromolecules, terms related to bioanalytical samples, enzymatic methods, immunoanalytical methods, methods used in genomics and nucleic acid analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and biomolecules interaction studies are introduced.
Discovery of a Highly Selective, Brain-Penetrant Aminopyrazole LRRK2 Inhibitor (2012)

The modulation of LRRK2 kinase activity by a selective small molecule inhibitor has been proposed as a potentially viable treatment for Parkinson's disease. By using aminopyrazoles as aniline bioisosteres, we discovered a novel series of LRRK2 inhibitors. Herein, we describe our optimization effort that resulted in the identification of a highly potent, brain-penetrant aminopyrazole LRRK2 inhibitor (18) that addressed the liabilities (e.g., poor solubility and metabolic soft spots) of our previously disclosed anilino-aminopyrimidine inhibitors. In in vivo rodent PKPD studies, 18 demonstrated good brain exposure and engendered significant reduction in brain pLRRK2 levels post-ip administration. The strategies of bioisosteric substitution of aminopyrazoles for anilines and attenuation of CYP1A2 inhibition described herein have potential applications to other drug discovery programs.
Synthesis of Graphene/MOF-177 composites (2012)

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are formed by the self-assembly of metallic ions and organic ligands. These compounds have shown excellent properties for gas adsorption and catalytic activity. MOF-177 has one of the highest hydrogen storage capacities reported for porous materials at ambient temperatures (surface area = 3400m2/g), reported previously by Yaghi et al. Graphene and graphene based materials have unique structural, mechanical, and electronic properties. Graphene oxide(GO) and functionalized graphene have been used as support and as a structural pieces in the construction of MOF’s in the past. Synthesis of MOF-5 on the surface of GO and benzoic acid functionalized graphene (BFG) showed bigger BET surface area and micropore volume. Here we synthesized MOF-177 on the surface of GO and BFG was synthesized using Zn(NO3)26H2O, 1,3,5 tris(tri-benzoic acid) and Diethyl formamide. GO was synthesized from graphite using Hummer’s method and BFG was synthesized by using previously reported method. We prepared MOF-177 on the surface of GO and BFG using solvothermal techniques in ratios of 3, 5 and 10 %(p/p), in order to compare their differences and similarities in terms of porosity, formation process, structural arrangement and water stability. These composites were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, gas adsorption, TGA and SEM, yielding high porosities and crystallinities.
Point of View: Reliability of Roentgenogram Evaluation of Pedicle Screw Position (1997)

Assistant Professor; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, Missouri
Determination of Emamectin Benzoate in Freshwater and Seawater at Picogram-Per-Milliliter Levels by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (1997)

Abstract Emamectin benzoate is a very effective agricultural insecticide applied to various crops at very low rates. A method to analyze emamectin benzoate in seawater and freshwater was developed. The method yields good recoveries with limits of quantitation of 20 pg/mL for freshwater and 24 pg/mL for seawater (signal-to-noise ratio [S/N] ≥ 10). The limit of detection is 10 pg/mL (S/N ≥ 3). Emamectin benzoateis concentrated from a 50 mL sample on a C8 solid-phase extraction cartridge and eluted with 1% ammonium acetate in methanol. The eluate is evaporated to 1 mL, diluted with 1 % ammonium acetate in water, and partitioned into ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract is concentrated to about 0.5 mL and diluted to about 1 mL with acetonitrile. 1-Methylimidazole is added to the diluted sample, and then trifluoroacetic anhydride is added to form a fluorescent derivative. The derivatized sample is injected onto a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic system equipped with a fluorescence detector. Overall method recoveries for concentrations ranging from 20 to 1010 pg/mL were 84 ± 9.5% for tap water and 89 ± 11% for seawater. These results are equivalent to recoveries previously obtained with a more elaborate method (90 ± 8.8% for freshwater). Controls were free of interferences or coeluting impurities. Fluorescence detection provides high sensitivity and selectivity, enabling trace-level analysis.
T cell clones reactive with sperm whale myoglobin. Isolation of clones with specificity for individual determinants on myoglobin. (1981)

We have been able to isolate clones of sperm whale muscle myoglobin (Mb)-reactive T cells from (C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 [(B6A)F1] mice. Four types of clones were isolated, distinguished by their patterns of recognition of Mb cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments and antigen presenting cell (APC) requirements. Individual T cell clones proliferated in response to one of three CNBr fragments of Mb. Dose-response curves of all clones were identical for native Mb and the appropriate fragment. T cell clones reactive to fragment 1-55 did not proliferate in response to peptide 15-22 (a peptide that binds to serum antibody directed against 1-55). These data support previous findings suggesting differences between antigen recognition by T and B cells, i.e., T cells may not recognize antigen in its native conformation and/or T and B cells may recognize distinct epitopes on the same antigen. Using T cell clones to analyze genetic control of responsiveness to Mb, we found that certain (B6A)F1 T cells recognize Mb presented by low responder strain APC. Thus, genetically determined low responsiveness in this case is probably not due to failure of APC function. We also found that responsiveness to certain Mb epitopes mapped to the I-A subregion whereas others mapped, via gene complementation, to the I-A and I-E subregions. We found no examples of responsiveness mapping to the I-C subregion and suggest an alternative explanation for previous reports mapping genetic control of responsiveness to certain Mb determinants to I-C.
Supplementary Table 1 from Ang-2-VEGF-A CrossMab, a Novel Bispecific Human IgG1 Antibody Blocking VEGF-A and Ang-2 Functions Simultaneously, Mediates Potent Antitumor, Antiangiogenic, and Antimetastatic Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 52K, An overview of the antibodies used in the present study&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of local buckling and work-hardening properties of the material on the hysteretic behavior of cantilever I-beam subjected to lateral cyclic load (1993)

The hysteretic behavior of cantilever I-beam subjected to cyclic lateral loads is investigated in this paper. Finite Element Method (FEM) considering the geometrical and material non-linearities is utilized in this study. Special attention is paid to the effects of local buckling occurring in the flanges and the web, and the material work-hardening properties on the performance of I-beam in view of a seismic design considerations. The behavior of I-beam subjected to cyclic lateral loads is closely examined with respect to the ductility, strength and absorbed energy. From this study, it is found that smaller slenderness ratios of the flange and web are recommended for improving the ductility, strength and absorbed energy. Also, the material having lower yield-to-tensile strength improves the ductility of I-beam under cyclic lateral loads as well as monotonically increasing load.