gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nano-thin 2D Soft Materials – Design Principles and Prospects (2019)

Established less than a decade ago, the fascinating field of two-dimensional (2D) soft materials is advancing continuously towards widespread recognition. After demonstrating the feasibility of obtaining nano-thin supramolecular sheets and morphologically related tubular objects, considerable efforts are being undertaken to explore the functional potential of soft nanosheets. Self-assembly is a major tool for the controlled formation of nanometre-sized 2D objects. In this account, we share our current understanding of the structural requirements to direct the self-assembly of water-soluble, negatively charged oligomers in 2D. The discussion covers some promising areas of utilization such as the reporting of weak mechanical perturbations, the assembly of light-harvesting antennae, the transfer of excitation energy and the polymerization of pre-organized assemblies. The systems presented in this work illustrate the potential of 2D supramolecular materials as complementary systems to their covalent counterparts.
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of liquid chromatographic analytes on thin-layer chromatographic plates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of liquid chromatographic analytes on thin-layer chromatographic platesSteven A. Soper, Kenneth L. Ratzlaff, and Theodore. KuwanaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 14, 1438–1444Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00213a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00213a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The involvement of the T1R3 receptor protein in the control of glucose metabolism in mice at different levels of glycemia (2014)

The heterodimeric protein T1R2/T1R3 is a chemoreceptor mediating taste perception of sugars, several amino acids, and non-caloric sweeteners in humans and many other vertebrate species. The T1R2 and T1R3 proteins are expressed not only in the oral cavity, but also in the intestine, pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, and in structures of the central nervous system, which suggests their involvement in functions other than gustatory perception. In this study, we analyzed the role of the T1R3 protein in regulation of glucose metabolism in experiments with the gene-knockout mouse strain C57BL/6J-<i>Tas1r3</i><sup>tm1Rfm</sup> (<i>Tas1r3-/-</i>), with a deletion of the <i>Tas1r3</i> gene encoding T1R3, and the control strain C57BL/6ByJ with the intact gene. Glucose tolerance was measured in euglycemic or food-deprived mice after intraperitoneal or intragastric glucose administration. We have shown that in the <i>Tas1r3-/-</i> strain, in addition to the disappearance of taste preference for sucrose, glucose tolerance is also substantially reduced, and insulin resistance is observed. The effect of the <i>Tas1r3</i> gene knockout on glucose utilization was more pronounced in the euglycemic state than after food deprivation. The baseline glucose level after food deprivation was lower in the <i>Tas1r3-/-</i> strain than in the control strain, which suggests that T1R3 is involved in regulation of endogenous glucose production. These data suggest that the T1R3-mediated glucoreception interacts with the K<sub>ATP</sub>-dependent mechanisms of regulation of the glucose metabolism, and that the main role is likely played by T1R3 expressed in the pancreas and possibly in the central nervous system, but not in the intestinal mucosa, as it was suggested earlier.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the behaviour of oil-in-water emulsions in the gastric lumen of man (2006)

Pre-processed foods often contain a high percentage of lipid, present as emulsions stabilised with various surface-active agents. The acidic gastric environment can affect the behaviour of such emulsions, modifying the lipid spatial distribution and, in turn, the rate of gastric emptying and nutrient delivery to the gut. The aim of the present study was to use echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging (EPI) to determine the behaviour of model olive oil emulsions during gastric processing. Six healthy male volunteers were intubated nasogastrically on two separate occasions and fed 500 ml 15 % (w/w) olive oil-in-water, surfactant-stabilised emulsions designed to have identical droplet size distribution and which were either stable or unstable under gastric acid conditions. EPI was used to assess the oil fraction of the intragastric emulsions, gastric emptying and to visualise the spatial distribution of the oil at 10, 30 and 50 min postprandially. The in vivo imaging measurements of the oil volume fraction of the emulsions correlated well (r 0.66, acid-stable; r 0.52, acid-unstable) with that assayed in the gastric aspirates. Compared with the acid-stable emulsion, the acid-unstable emulsion in the gastric lumen rapidly separated into lipid-depleted 'aqueous' and lipid layers. Phase separation in the acid-unstable meal allowed the oil-depleted component to empty first and more rapidly than the stable emulsion as determined by the gastric emptying curves. These pilot data suggest that gastric processing and emptying of high-fat foods could be manipulated by careful choice of emulsifier.
The effectiveness of safety equipment in horse racing falls (2008)

The effectiveness of the personal protective equipment used by jockeys and harness drivers in falls during racing was investigated. In Australia the wearing of helmets and protective vests is mandatory in both forms of the sport, though the equipment standards differ. The incidence of injury was analysed and the mechanisms of injury investigated by video analysis of actual injury incidents. The effectiveness of the safety equipment was assessed through physical testing. The differing injury mechanisms and track surfaces in the two sports result in unique requirements for the protective equipment used. The needs for future development of improved equestrian personal protective equipment are outlined. For the covering abstract see ITRD E144229.
Humanized System to Propagate Cord Blood-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Clinical Application (2007)

We demonstrate for the first time that human MSCs can be obtained and propagated to a clinical quantity from UCB in a completely bovine serum-free system. Surprisingly, our data argue against a generally superior proliferative potential of UCB MSCs. Functional data indicate the applicability of clinical-grade UCB MSCs propagated with human platelet lysate-conditioned medium for hematopoiesis support, immune regulation and vascular regeneration.
Capsaicin treatment induces histamine release and perfusion changes in psoriatic skin (1999)

To determine whether neurogenic factors may be of importance in the regulation of histamine release and blood flow in psoriatic plaque, the effect of capsaicin was studied in 22 psoriatic patients with active, untreated psoriatic lesions. In each of 12 patients, one microdialysis fibre was placed in non-lesional skin and one was placed in lesional skin at depths of 0.7 and 0.9 mm, respectively. Dialysates were collected for the analysis of histamine in the resting state and after 60 min of repetitive epicutaneous application of 1% capsaicin above the microdialysis catheter. In 10 patients, topical capsaicin and placebo were applied for 24 h to lesional/lesion-free skin. Skin blood flow and perfusion (evaluated using the 133xenon clearance technique and scanning laser Doppler, respectively) were measured before the application of capsaicin and after removal. After 60 min of capsaicin treatment, both the perfusion and interstitial concentration of histamine, as well as the net release of histamine, were significantly increased in affected (from 38 +/- 6 to 45 +/- 6 nmol/L, mean +/- SEM) and unaffected (from 15 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 2 nmol/L) skin. Compared with placebo, 24 h of treatment with capsaicin caused a 15% decrease in perfusion in lesional skin. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that capsaicin-sensitive nerves may induce histamine release in non-lesional and lesional skin and that afferent unmyelinated nerve fibres may contribute to the high blood flow in psoriatic plaques.
Applying multi-agent system technology in practice: automated management and analysis of SCADA and digital fault recorder data (2006)

Summary form only given. This paper reports on the use of multi-agent system technology to automate the management and analysis of SCADA and digital fault recorder (DFR) data. The multi-agent system, entitled protection engineering diagnostic agents (PEDA), integrates legacy intelligent systems that analyze SCADA and DFR data to provide data management and online diagnostic information to protection engineers. Since November 2004, PEDA agents have been intelligently interpreting and managing data online at a transmission system operator in the UK. As the results presented in this paper demonstrate, PEDA supports protection engineers by providing access to interpreted power systems data via the corporate intranet within minutes of the data being received. In this paper the authors discuss their experience of developing a multi-agent system that is robust enough for continual online use within the power industry. The use of existing agent development toolsets and standards is also discussed
Photodamage of the Photosynthetic Apparatus and Its Dependence on the Leaf Developmental Stage in the npq1 Arabidopsis Mutant Deficient in the Xanthophyll Cycle Enzyme Violaxanthin De-epoxidase (2000)

The npq1 Arabidopsis mutant is deficient in the violaxanthin de-epoxidase enzyme that converts violaxanthin to zeaxanthin in excess light (xanthophyll cycle). We have compared the behavior of mature leaves (ML) and developing leaves of the mutant and the wild type in various light environments. Thermoluminescence measurements indicated that high photon flux densities (>500 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) promoted oxidative stress in the chloroplasts of npq1 ML, which was associated with a loss of chlorophyll and an inhibition of the photochemical activity. Illuminating leaf discs in the presence of eosin, a generator of singlet oxygen, brought about pronounced lipid peroxidation in npq1 ML but not in wild-type leaves. No such effects were seen in young leaves (YL) of npq1, which were quite tolerant to strong light and eosin-induced singlet oxygen. Non-photochemical energy quenching was strongly inhibited in npq1 YL and ML and was not improved with high-light acclimation. Our results confirm that the xanthophyll cycle protects chloroplasts from photooxidation by a mechanism distinct from non-photochemical energy quenching and they reveal that the absence of xanthophyll cycle can be compensated by other protective mechanisms. npq1 YL were observed to accumulate considerable amounts of vitamin E during photoacclimation, suggesting that this lipophilic antioxidant could be involved in the high phototolerance of those leaves.
Die Siebenkomponentenreaktion (1993)

Sieben auf einen Streich! Aus sieben Verbindungen ‐ davon zwei gasförmig ‐ lassen sich funktionalisierte Thiazolidine wie 1 und 2 im Eintopfverfahren herstellen. Dies ist die bisher komponentenreichste Multikomponentenreaktion. magnified image
Post-translational requirements for functional factor V and factor VIII secretion in mammalian cells. (1994)

Coagulation factors V and VIII are homologous glycosylated plasma proteins that provide essential functions for hemostasis. Factor V is secreted as a single chain polypeptide, whereas factor VIII is processed intracellularly to yield a metal-ion-associated heterodimer that is stabilized through interaction with von Willebrand factor. In transfected mammalian cells, factor V is more efficiently secreted than factor VIII. To provide insight into the different secretion efficiencies, we compared the post-translational processing requirements for factor V and factor VIII expressed in mammalian cells. In contrast to factor VIII, factor V was not detected in association with the immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP), a chaperonin protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Depletion of intracellular ATP levels by treatment of cells with low concentrations of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), protonophore that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, inhibited secretion of factor VIII but had no effect on the secretion of factor V. Inhibition of N-linked oligosaccharide addition by treatment with tunicamycin prevented secretion of both factor V and factor VIII, whereas treatment with an inhibitor of complex oligosaccharide addition, deoxymannojirimycin, did not affect secretion, although the specific activities of both factor V and factor VIII were slightly increased. Thus, complex oligosaccharide addition was not required for secretion or functional activity of either factor V or factor VIII. Depletion of intralumenal calcium with the ionophore A23187 did not affect secretion of either factor V or factor VIII. In the presence of A23187, the secreted factor V was fully functional, whereas the factor VIII heavy and light chains were not associated and the secreted molecule was inactive. In addition, A23187 treatment inhibited addition of serine/threonine (O)-linked oligosaccharides to factor V and factor VIII. The differences between factor V and factor VIII were further evaluated by characterization of a single chain mutant factor VIII. The single chain factor VIII was secreted with an efficiency similar to wild-type factor VIII and also required von Willebrand factor for stabilization. In addition, the activity of single chain factor VIII was also inhibited by A23187 treatment, suggesting a unique metal-ion requirement within the secretory pathway for functional factor VIII folding. The differences identified in BiP association, ATP requirements, and metal-ion dependence for effective functional secretion of these two molecules may underlie mechanisms accounting for their different secretion efficiencies.
Synthesis of Degradable Poly[(Ethylene Glycol)‐ co ‐(Glycolic Acid)] via the Post‐Polymerization Oxyfunctionalization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (2016)

To enhance the limited degradability of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a straightforward method of synthesizing poly[(ethylene glycol)-co-(glycolic acid)] (P(EG-co-GA)) via a ruthenium-catalyzed, post-polymerization oxyfunctionalization of various PEGs is developed. Using this method, a set of copolymers with GA compositions of up to 8 mol% are prepared with minimal reduction in molecular weight (<10%) when compared to their commercially available starting materials. The P(EG-co-GA) copolymers are shown to undergo hydrolysis under mild conditions.
Effects of increasing IV tPA-treated stroke mimic rates at CT-based centers on clinical outcomes (2017)

Thrombolysis of stroke mimics is increasing at our CT-based spoke hospitals and not at our MRI-based hub hospitals. Caution should be used in interpreting clinical outcomes based on large stroke databases when stroke diagnosis at discharge is unclear. Inadvertent reporting of treated stroke mimics as strokes will artificially elevate overall favorable clinical outcomes with additional downstream costs to patients and the health care system.
ABSOLUTE THERMOELECTRIC POWER OF Pb–Sn ALLOYS (2011)

In this work, absolute thermoelectric power (ATP) of Pb , Sn , Pb -20 wt.% Sn , Pb -40 wt.% Sn , Pb -60 wt.% Sn , Pb -80 wt.% Sn are measured. Measurements are performed in a temperature gradient furnace from 20°C to 500°C, for both solid and liquid states. Temperatures are measured with T-type copper-constantan thermocouples, while voltage signal between copper electrodes of those thermocouples is recorded in order to calculate ATP of the sample metal.
Regularized Learning in Multiple Tasks with Relationship (2015)

Supervised classification is a sub-task of machine learning where the goal is to infer a classification function using labeled data. A vast amount of research has been conducted in this area addressing various classification problems such as binary, multi-class and multi-label classification. However, we often encounter classification problems in real world in groups of tasks with complex interactions among them. Methods that are able to take advantage of the additional information regarding task relationships and interactions are able to perform better in terms of classification accuracy. Furthermore, with the vast amount of data that is being accumulated in the recent years the real world problems that have any practical utility have exploded in terms of problem size; with respect to number of data elements, feature size and number of class labels. Therefore, there is an urgent need for scalable methods that are able to gracefully scale to web-scale problems. In my thesis, I have tried to address these issues by developing novel classification methods for large scale hierarchical classification and multi-task learning.
Experimental and theoretical study of processes leading to steady-state sound in annular thermoacoustic engines (2005)

This paper gives a simplified analytical description of spontaneous generation and finite amplitude saturation of sound in annular thermoacoustic engines, and also provides comparison with experiments. The model includes the precise description of thermoacoustic amplification of sound (induced by interaction between an heterogeneously heated stack of solid plates and resonant gas oscillations), which accounts for the details of the temperature distribution in the whole thermoacoustic device (i.e., which does not only account for the mean temperature gradient along the stack). The saturation of the acoustic wave amplitude is described by taking into account both the reverse influence of high amplitude acoustic field on temperature field, and the dissipation of acoustic energy due to higher harmonics generation and minor losses (vortex generation). From the comparison between simulation results and experiments, it is demonstrated that the dynamical behavior observed in our experimental device is predominantly controlled by the effects of acoustic streaming and acoustically enhanced thermal conductivity tending not only to reduce the externally imposed temperature gradient along the stack, but also to change the shape of the temperature field.
Distribution and Risk Factors of Malaria in the Greater Accra Region in Ghana (2022)

Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in Ghana including the Greater Accra Region. This study aimed to quantify the spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal patterns of malaria in the Greater Accra Region to inform targeted allocation of health resources. Malaria cases data from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from the Ghanaian District Health Information and Management System and aggregated at a district and monthly level. Spatial analysis was conducted using the Global Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi*, and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation. Kulldorff's space-time scan statistics were used to investigate space-time clustering. A negative binomial regression was used to find correlations between climatic factors and sociodemographic characteristics and the incidence of malaria. A total of 1,105,370 malaria cases were reported between 2015 and 2019. Significant seasonal variation was observed, with June and July being the peak months of reported malaria cases. The hotspots districts were Kpone-Katamanso Municipal District, Ashaiman Municipal Districts, Tema Municipal District, and La-Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal District. While La-Nkwantanang-Madina Municipal District was high-high cluster. The Spatio-temporal clusters occurred between February 2015 and July 2017 in the districts of Ningo-Prampram, Shai-Osudoku, Ashaiman Municipal, and Kpone-Katamanso Municipal with a radius of 26.63 km and an relative risk of 4.66 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Malaria cases were positively associated with monthly rainfall (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005, 1.016) and the previous month's cases (AOR = 1.064; 95% CI 1.062, 1.065) and negatively correlated with minimum temperature (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.823, 0.899) and population density (AOR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.994, 0.998). Malaria control and prevention should be strengthened in hotspot districts in the appropriate months to improve program effectiveness.
CAMP-dependent protein kinase of sea urchin sperm phosphorylates sperm histone H1 on a single site. (1988)

The phosphorylation of sperm specific histone H1 in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus occurs both in vivo and in vitro on a single serine site in the sequence Arg-Lys-Gly-Ser(P)-Ser-Asn-Ala-Arg. This is a preferred sequence for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The in vitro phosphorylation is completely dependent on cAMP and is inhibited by the peptide protein kinase inhibitor. The protein kinase inhibitor H-8 blocks the in vivo phosphorylation of H1 without damaging motility, the acrosome reaction or the ability of sperm to fuse with and activate eggs.
A theory of temporal-spatial flow control: the case of single bottleneck link (2005)

This paper presents a theory of spatial-temporal flow control, the case of a single bottleneck link, for a network with dynamic available bandwidth. For this class of flow control, when the sources receive the feedback from the network, they schedule their rates considering both the amount of available resources as well as a timely allocation of these resources. With the theory developed in this paper, a protocol which ensures maximal utilization of the bandwidth, minimal queue size in the link and fairness among the sources is proposed. With this protocol, the sources estimate the amount of congestion they are producing at the bottleneck and the queue size at the bottleneck can be remotely controlled.
IPv6 Opportunistic Encryption (2002)

This paper presents an Opportunistic Encryption scheme for IPv6. Our proposal relies on IPv6 Anycast, Authorization certificates and Crypto-Based Identifier- s (CBID) to provide secure and easily deployable Opportunistic Encryption in IPv6. Unlike existing schemes, our proposal does not rely on any global Third Trusted Party (such as DNSSEC or a PKI). Hence, we claim it is more secure, easier to deploy and more robust.