gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histidine-254 Is Essential for the Inactivation of Phosphotriesterase with the Alkynyl Phosphate Esters and Diethyl Pyrocarbonate (1995)

The alkynyl phosphate ester, 1-hexynyl diethyl phosphate (I), is a mechanism-based inhibitor of phosphotriesterase. It has been previously determined that a histidine residue in the wild-type phosphotriesterase is covalently modified by this compound. In order to identify which of the seven histidine residues in the native enzyme are required for inactivation, the kinetic properties of phosphotriesterase mutants with this suicide substrate were examined in detail. Six of the seven mutants (histidine to asparagine) were rapidly inactivated by I. The mutants H55N, H57N, and H230N also showed partition ratios that were lower than for the wild-type enzyme. The rate of inactivation of H201N was significantly slower than that of wild-type phosphotriesterase. The H254N mutant could not be inactivated; no more than 60% of the initial activity was lost, even at I/E0 ratios of 4000:1. These results suggest that His-254 is essential for the inactivation of phosphotriesterase and is likely to be the primary target in the wild-type enzyme for modification by I. The inactivation of wild-type phosphotriesterase and the seven mutants was also studied using diethyl pyrocarbonate, a histidine selective reagent. The second-order rate constant for the inactivation of wild-type phosphotriesterase was determined to be 1.3 M-1 min-1. The rate constants for the inactivation of the H55N, H57N, H201N, and H230N mutants were larger than for the wild-type enzyme. Thus, it appears that when these histidine residues are replaced by asparagine, other histidine residues in the active site become more susceptible to modification, resulting in a faster rate of inactivation. The mutant H254N was not inactivated in the presence of DEPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Induction of Cellular Senescence by Doxorubicin Is Associated with Upregulated miR-375 and Induction of Autophagy in K562 Cells (2012)

This study has demonstrated that in the absence of p53 and p16, the induction of senescence by DOX was associated with upregulation of miR-375 and autophagy initiation. The anti-proliferative function of miR-375 is possibly exerted, at least in part, by targeting 14-3-3zeta and SP1 genes.
INTEGRAL-EQUATION ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES USING EWALD TRANSFORMATION AND LATTICE SYMMETRY (2011)

In this paper, we present the space-domain integralequation method for the analysis of frequency selective surfaces (FSS), consisting of an array of periodic metallic patches or a metal screens perforated periodically with arbitrarily shaped apertures. The computation of the spatial domain Green's function is accelerated by the Ewald transformation. The geometric model is simplified by the lattice symmetry, so that the unknowns are greatly reduced. Time of filling MOM matrix and solving linear system is dramatically reduced. Our technique shows much higher efficiency when compared with the available commercial software and the existing methods published.
Wolframite: the post-fergusonite phase in YLiF4 (2004)

By means of electronic structure calculations, we have studied phase transitions in YLiF4 using the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA). The scheelite to fergusonite phase transition takes place at 9.3 GPa with a 0.5% volume collapse. By comparing the total energy difference for several possible post-fergusonite structures, BaWO4(II) type, LaTaO4 type, BaMnF4 type and wolframite type, we propose that the wolframite-like structure is the most likely new phase for the second phase transformation.
Assembling New Escherichia coli Strains by Transduction Using Phage P1 (2011)

A protocol is described that allows the transfer of genetic material from one Escherichia coli strain to another using bacteriophage P1. P1 transduction can be used to construct new bacterial strains containing multiple alleles, to restore a locus to wild type, to move specific genetic markers from one strain to another, to relocate different mutant genes to a common genetic background, and to evaluate second-site suppression of a mutant allele. Because of these abilities, P1 transduction remains a staple in the arsenal of genetic tools that have kept E. coli at the forefront of model bacterial systems. The protocol incorporates some updated steps and discusses general principles of bacteriophage handling and the infection process.
VMTP: Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (1988)

This RFC describes a protocol proposed as a standard for the Internet community. Comments are encouraged. Distribution of this document is unlimited. OVERVIEW This memo specifies the Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (VMTP) [Version 0.7 of 19-Feb-88], a transport protocol specifically designed to support the transaction model of communication, as exemplified by remote procedure call (RPC). The full function of VMTP, including support for security, real-time, asynchronous message exchanges, streaming, multicast and idempotency, provides a rich selection to the VMTP user level. Subsettability allows the VMTP module for particular clients and servers to be specialized and simplified to the services actually required. Examples of such simple clients and servers include PROM network bootload programs, network boot servers, data sensors and simple controllers, to mention but a few examples. RFC 1045 VMTP February 1988
HIV-1 Isolation from Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2013)

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) allows retrieval of replication-competent viral variants. In order to impose the smallest possible selective pressure on the viral isolates, isolation must be carried out in primary cultures of cells and not in tumor derived cell lines. The procedure involves culture of PBMCs from an infected patient with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC from seronegative donors, which provide susceptible target cells for HIV replication. HIV can be isolated from the bulk population of PBMCs or after cloning of the cells to obtain viral biological clones. Viral production is determined with p24 antigen (Ag) detection assays or with reverse transcriptase (RT) activity assay. Once isolated, HIV-1 can be propagated by infecting PHA-stimulated PBMCs from healthy donors. Aliquots from culture with a high production of virus are stored for later use.
Shift reagent enhanced concurrent 23Na and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of transcellular sodium distribution in the dog brain in vivo (1993)

The intracellular to extracellular sodium distribution is one of the primary determinants of action potentials necessary for the electrical function of organs such as brain, heart and skeletal muscle. The ability of shift reagent enhanced 23Na MRS to directly measure the intracellular and extracellular sodium distribution in brain is controversial and centers on the relative contributions of bulk magnetic susceptibility and hyperfine interactions to the observed chemical shifts. In this study, infusion of dysprosium (III) triethylenetetraminehexacetate (Dy(TTHA)-3), resulted in a 23Na MRS spectrum of dog brain with two well resolved peaks at 9 and 0.4 ppm. The 9 ppm peak corresponded to the resonance seen in aspirated blood. After disruption of the blood brain barrier, the single peak at 0.4 ppm split into two peaks at 3 and 0 ppm. The ability of Dy(TTHA)-3 enhanced 23Na MRS to follow global changes in brain sodium distribution was tested during cardiac arrest. The expected rapid Na influx into the intracellular space produced a marked decrease in the 3 ppm signal and a parallel increase in the 0 ppm peak. This is consistent with the assignment of the 3 ppm peak as interstitial sodium and the 0 ppm peak as intracellular sodium.
Neck muscle biomechanics and neural control (2018)

The mechanics, morphometry, and geometry of our joints, segments, and muscles are fundamental biomechanical properties intrinsic to human neural control. The goal of our study was to investigate whether the biomechanical actions of individual neck muscles predict their neural control. Specifically, we compared the moment direction and variability produced by electrical stimulation of a neck muscle (biomechanics) to the preferred activation direction and variability (neural control). Subjects sat upright with their head fixed to a six-axis load cell and their torso restrained. Indwelling wire electrodes were placed into the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), and semispinalis capitis (SSC) muscles. The electrically stimulated direction was defined as the moment direction produced when a current (2-19 mA) was passed through each muscle's electrodes. Preferred activation direction was defined as the vector sum of the spatial tuning curve built from root mean squared electromyogram when subjects produced isometric moments at 7.5% and 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 26 three-dimensional directions. The spatial tuning curves at 15% MVC were well defined (unimodal, P < 0.05), and their preferred directions were 23°, 39°, and 21° different from their electrically stimulated directions for the SCM, SPL, and SSC, respectively ( P < 0.05). Intrasubject variability was smaller in electrically stimulated moment directions compared with voluntary preferred directions, and intrasubject variability decreased with increased activation levels. Our findings show that the neural control of neck muscles is not based solely on optimizing individual muscle biomechanics but, as activation increases, biomechanical constraints in part dictate the activation of synergistic neck muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Biomechanics are an intrinsic part of human neural control. In this study, we found that the biomechanics of individual neck muscles cannot fully predict their neural control. Consequently, physiologically based computational neck muscle controllers cannot calculate muscle activation schemes based on the isolated biomechanics of muscles. Furthermore, by measuring biomechanics we showed that the intrasubject variability of the neural control was lower for electrical vs. voluntary activation of the neck muscles.
Sensor Array based on Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Detecting Gas Mixtures and Its Sensing Properties (2016)

Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are very attractive owing to their low cost simplicity of use, large number of detectable gases and various potential application fields. However, the MOS gas sensor has a serious shortcoming of low selectivity in a mixture of gases, In this study MOS micro gas sensors were fabricated for detecting carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3) and formaldehyde (HCHO) gases, as well as their binary mixed gas systems. Four sensing materials, Pd-SnO2 for CO, In2O3 for NOX, Ru-WO3 for NH3, and SnO2-ZnO for HCHO were synthesized using a sol-gel method and deposited in the middle of sensor platform. The micro gas sensor platform was fabricated by using a MEMS technology. The sensing electrode and micro heater were designed to be a co-planar type structure with the Pt thin film layer. The gas sensitivity and sensing behaviour for gas mixtures suggested that the selective adsorption of one gas with respect to others occurred for gas mixture and resulted in good selectivity for a particular gas species. Furthermore, the careful pattern recognition of sensing data obtained with sensor array makes it possible to distinguish a gas species from gas mixture and to measure its concentration.
Predicting high resolution image edges with a generic, adaptive, 3-D vehicle model (2009)

In traffic surveillance applications a good prior model of vehicle shape and appearance is becoming increasingly more important for tracking, shape recovery, and recognition from video. The usefulness of 2-d vehicle models is limited to a fixed viewing direction; 3-d models are nearly always more suitable. Existing 3-d vehicle models are either generic but far too simple to utilize high resolution imagery, or far too complex and limited to specific vehicle instances. This paper presents a deformable vehicle model that spans these two extremes. The model is constructed with a multi-resolution approach to fit various image resolutions. At each resolution, a small number of parameters controls the deformation to accurately represent a wide variety of passenger vehicles. The parameters control both 3-d shape and appearance of parts that deform in the 2-d manifold of the vehicle surface. These parts are regions representing windows, headlights, taillights, etc. The combination of part boundaries and surface occluding contours account for the most consistent edges observed in images of vehicles. It is shown that the model parameters can be recovered by fitting the deformable model to real images of vehicles.
Modeling the Timing Characteristics of the PICOSEC Micromegas Detector (2019)

The PICOSEC Micromegas detector can time the arrival of Minimum Ionizing Particles with a sub-25 ps precision. A very good timing resolution in detecting single photons is also demonstrated in laser beams. The PICOSEC timing resolution is determined mainly by the drift field. The arrival time of the signal and the timing resolution vary with the size of the pulse amplitude. Detailed simulations based on GARFIELD++ reproduce the experimental PICOSEC timing characteristics. This agreement is exploited to identify the microscopic physical variables, which determine the observed timing properties. In these studies, several counter-intuitive observations are made for the behavior of such microscopic variables. In order to gain insight on the main physical mechanisms causing the observed behavior, a phenomenological model is constructed and presented. The model is based on a simple mechanism of "time-gain per interaction" and it employs a statistical description of the avalanche evolution. It describes quantitatively the dynamical and statistical properties of the microscopic quantities, which determine the PICOSEC timing characteristics, in excellent agreement with the simulations. In parallel, it offers phenomenological explanations for the behavior of these microscopic variables. The formulae expressing this model can be used as a tool for fast and reliable predictions, provided that the input parameter values (e.g. drift velocities) are known for the considered operating conditions.
The Influence of Temperature on Muscle Velocity and Sustained Performance in Swimming Carp (1990)

The aim of this study was to evaluate how fish locomote at different muscle temperatures. Sarcomere length excursion and muscle shortening velocity, V, were determined from high-speed motion pictures of carp, Cyprinus carpio (11-14 cm), swimming steadily at various sustained speeds at 10, 15 and 20 degrees C. In the middle and posterior regions of the carp, sarcomeres of the lateral red muscle underwent cyclical excursions of 0.31 microns, centered around the resting length of 2.06 microns (i.e. from 1.91 to 2.22 microns). The amplitudes of the sarcomere length excursions were essentially independent of swimming speed and temperature. As tail-beat frequency increased linearly with swimming speed regardless of temperature, the sarcomeres underwent the same length changes in a shorter time. Thus, V increased in a linear and temperature-independent manner with swimming speed. Neither temperature nor swimming speed had an influence on tail-beat amplitude or tail height. Our findings indicate that muscle fibres are used only over a narrow, temperature-independent range of V/Vmax (0.17-0.36) where power and efficiency are maximal. Carp start to recruit their white muscles at swimming speeds where the red muscle V/Vmax becomes too high (and thus power output declines). When the V/Vmax of the active muscle falls too low during steady swimming, carp switch to 'burst-and-coast' swimming, apparently to keep V/Vmax high. Because Vmax (maximum velocity of shortening) of carp red muscle has a Q10 of 1.63, the transition speeds between swimming styles are lower at lower temperatures. Thus, carp recruit their white anaerobic muscle at a lower swimming speed at lower temperatures (verified by electromyography), resulting in a lower maximum sustainable swimming speed. The present findings also indicate that, to generate the same total force and power to swim at a given speed, carp at 10 degrees C must recruit about 50% greater fibre cross-sectional area than they do at 20 degrees C.
Panoramic projection avionics displays (2003)

Avionics projection displays are entering production in advanced tactical aircraft. Early adopters of this technology in the avionics community used projection displays to replace or upgrade earlier units incorporating direct-view CRT or AMLCD devices. Typical motivation for these upgrades were the alleviation of performance, cost and display device availability concerns. In these systems, the upgraded (projection) displays were one-for-one form / fit replacements for the earlier units. As projection technology has matured, this situation has begun to evolve. The Lockheed-Martin F-35 is the first program in which the cockpit has been specifically designed to take advantage of one of the more unique capabilities of rear projection display technology, namely the ability to replace multiple small screens with a single large conformal viewing surface in the form of a panoramic display. Other programs are expected to follow, since the panoramic formats enable increased mission effectiveness, reduced cost and greater information transfer to the pilot. Some of the advantages and technical challenges associated with panoramic projection displays for avionics applications are described below.
[Improvement of intestinal absorption of peptide and protein drugs by chemical modification with fatty acids]. (1998)

It is well known that the oral bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs is generally poor because they are extensively degraded by proteases in the gastrointestinal tract and impermeable through the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, various approaches have been examined to overcome the delivery problems of these peptides and to improve their absorption via the gastrointestinal tract. Of these approaches, a potentially useful approach to solve these delivery problems may be chemical modification of peptides and proteins to produce prodrugs and analogues. Thus, it is plausible that this approach may protect peptides against degradation by peptidases and other enzymes present at the mucosal barrier and renders the peptides and proteins more lipophilic, resulting in increased bioavailability. From these standpoints, we synthesized lipophilic derivatives of peptides and proteins such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), tetragastrin (TG), calcitonin and insulin by chemical modification with fatty acids. The pharmacological activities of these derivatives were relatively high as compared with the native peptides. A significant increase in the intestinal absorption of these derivatives of peptides was observed in comparison with native peptides. Overall, the effects of acylation on the intestinal absorption of these peptides were more predominant in the large intestine than those in the small intestine. In addition, these derivatives were more stable than the parent peptides in homogenates of the various intestinal mucosae. We also examined the intestinal transport characteristics of TG and its acyl derivatives using Caco-2 cell monolayers in order to assess the contribution of enzymatic and transport barriers on their intestinal absorption. The degradation clearance of TG on the apical membrane was decreased by chemical modification with fatty acids. In addition, the permeability clearance of TG was improved by the acylation. On the other hand, the intestinal absorption of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), which is transported by a carrier-mediated process, was also enhanced by chemical modification with lauric acid. In summary, this chemical modification approach may be useful to improve the intestinal absorption of peptide and protein drugs.
Rational Defect Introduction in Silicon Nanowires (2013)

The controlled introduction of planar defects, particularly twin boundaries and stacking faults, in group IV nanowires remains challenging despite the prevalence of these structural features in other nanowire systems (e.g., II-VI and III-V). Here we demonstrate how user-programmable changes to precursor pressure and growth temperature can rationally generate both transverse twin boundaries and angled stacking faults during the growth of <111> oriented Si nanowires. We leverage this new capability to demonstrate prototype defect superstructures. These findings yield important insight into the mechanism of defect generation in semiconductor nanowires and suggest new routes to engineer the properties of this ubiquitous semiconductor.
The Influence of Future Time Perspective on Registered Nurses’ Behaviors toward Delegation, and Thriving at Work (2020)

Context: Nurses with a high future time perspective talented at setting a goal in the distant future and make every effort to achieve through developing their plan and priorities tasks. Aim: The study aimed to identify how future time perspectives (FTP) influence registered nurses’ behaviors toward delegation and their thriving at work. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. The study was conducted at Basyoun Central Hospital, affiliated to the ministry of health and population at El-Gharbia Governorate, on all available (N=108) registered nurses who had bachelor degrees or higher nursing qualification. Three tools were used to collect data: Future time perspectives assessment questionnaire, delegation behaviors assessment questionnaire, and thriving at work assessment scale. Results: Results revealed that 45.4%, 49.1% of registered nurses had a high level of future time perspectives and highly use the inspector style of delegation, respectively. In total more than half of nurses had a high level of thriving at work. There was a significant positive correlation between future time perspectives and inspector style of delegation and their thriving at work. Conclusion: Results found that future time perspectives had a vital role in registered nurses' delegation behavior and their thriving at work. Health care organizations have to attract nursing staff with strong FTP and develop training programs for nursing staff to have a more future-oriented viewpoint.
Opsonophagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with antiflagellar serum (1987)

Hyperimmune rabbit flagellar antisera were shown to enhance opsonophagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by mouse peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This response was specific for flagellar immunoglobulin G as indicated by cross-opsonization experiments.