gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Grading: Can We Do Better? (1990)

Clinicians have a need to grade the magnitude or the severity of the functions and qualities they assess in their examinations. They do this to record the stage of the disease or condition of interest. The grade provides a reference to which any future grading may be compared and the grade may also be used in deciding deviations from normality. The clinicians questions are "is there or is there not a deviation from normality?" or "has there or has there not been a change in this condition?" The decision is whether the 'observed' finding differs from the 'expected' value. The expected value may be either a grade recorded previously or the 'normal' value. For all systems used for grading a continuous variable, there is a statistical probability that there will be a difference in the assigned grades when there is actually no difference in the two conditions being compared. Similarly, there will be times when the assigned grades remain the same even though the condition has changed.
[The enzyme-transport characteristics of the small intestine of rats during aging]. (1992)

Ageing was shown to be accompanied by changes of the activity levels of the small intestine's carbohydrases, dipeptidases, and alkaline phosphatases. The changes occurred both under normal conditions and after operations on the small intestine. In ageing, the small intestine's capacity for the homeomorphosis decreases irrespective of either increase or decrease in the functional loading. The age involution of the gastrointestinal tract is followed by disturbances not only in hydrolytic processes but in transport those as well: particularly deceleration of glucose accumulation in preparations of the rat intestine mucose. Regulatory properties of some enzymes were changed, too, in old rats.
Differential expression of circulating microRNAs in blood and haematoma samples from patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (2016)

Hsa-miR-21-5p levels were significantly reduced in both peripheral blood and haematoma samples in patients with ICH.
A review of rotary actuators based on shape memory alloys (2017)

The development of rotary actuators is an important aspect of the engineering applications of shape memory alloys. This article reviews about a hundred references on this topic, and presents around eighty actuators driven by shape memory alloys. A classification is made according to the type of rotation (continuous or non-continuous, single or reversible direction). Different factors are then discussed, such as the characteristics of the shape memory alloy elements, the heating and cooling system for the shape memory alloy, the control of the actuator, and the output torque and stroke which can be attained. This article provides the first review focused on rotary actuators triggered by shape memory alloys, highlighting the specificities and potentialities of such actuators for new applications in the future.
Preparation and Characterization of Self-healing Polymeric Materials with Microencapsulated Epoxy and Imidazoline Derivatives Curing Agent (2011)

Binary self-healing system consisting of epoxy-containing microcapsules and latent curing agent based on anionic polymerization was investigated. When cracks propagated in the composites, the embedded microcapsules would be damaged and the epoxy healing agent would be released. The latent curing agent used in this study can be well dispersed in epoxy matrix during composites manufacturing, and hence activate the released epoxy wherever it is. As a result, self-healing of the cracked sites is successfully achieved through curing of the released epoxy healing agent. This paper also investigated the preparation and performance of microcapsules synthesized by situ polymerization. The mechanism of anionic chain polymerization between epoxy and curing agent was investigated. On the basis of this work, self-healing ability of the epoxy filled with the healing system was evaluated. It was found that the distribution of microcapsules and latent curing agent greatly influences the healing efficiency but not the stoichiometric composition, and the optimal weight ratio of microcapsules and curing agent 2MZ-AZINE are 15 wt.% and 2 wt.%, offering a ~83% healing efficiency.
Transfusion-Induced Immunosuppression (1987)

Therapeutic interventions after traumatic injury often include components that may affect the immune response, including administration of blood transfusions. Recent efforts focused on the effect of transfusion on cell-mediated immune response (CMI) in mice. Antigen-specific and third-party allogeneic blood suppressed CMI response, indicating a nonspecific component of transfusion-induced immunosuppression. A larger volume of allogeneic blood given once was more suppressive than a smaller amount, while administration of syngeneic blood had no effect. The observed blood-induced suppression was indomethacin-sensitive, and antiprostaglandin E antibody given to transfused mice resulted in an augmented CMI. Prostaglandin E appears to play a mechanistic role in transfusion-induced suppression.
Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A complex genetic background with the HLA-DR15 haplotype as the main genetic risk factor and over 100 mostly immune-related minor risk alleles as well as several environmental factors contribute to the etiology of MS. With respect to pathomechanisms, autoimmune inflammation in early MS is primarily mediated by adaptive immune responses and involves autoreactive T cells, B cells, and antibodies, while the later, chronic stages of MS are characterized by a compartmentalized immune response in the CNS with activated microglia and macrophages. A host of immune cells and mediators can contribute to the autoimmune process, but CNS-related factors such as localization of lesions, vulnerability of oligodendrocytes, neurons/axons, and secondary metabolic changes all play a role in the heterogeneous expression of the disease, including different pathologic lesion patterns, neuroimaging findings, disease courses, and severity and response to treatment.
Click Fraud Detection with Bot Signatures (2013)

Click Fraud Bots pose a significant threat to the online economy. To-date efforts to filter bots have been geared towards identifiable useragent strings, as epitomized by the IAB's Robots and Spiders list. However bots designed to perpetrate malicious activity or fraud, are designed to avoid detection with these kinds of lists, and many use very sophisticated schemes for cloaking their activities. In order to combat this emerging threat, we propose the creation of Bot Signatures for training and evaluation of candidate Click Fraud Detection Systems. Bot signatures comprise keyed records connected to case examples. We demonstrate the technique by developing 8 simulated examples of Bots described in the literature including Click Bot A.
Peer review of teaching/learning paradigms: A new proposal for engineering education (2022)

In higher education, it is common to hear “we have the best engineering education” or “we have talented and experienced instructors who offer the best teaching/learning paradigm,” etc. In general, the four main components of higher education are simply students, faculty, facilities, and curriculum. We may have a flawless four components, yet the outcomes may not be as good as expected: an indicative of the crucial need for teaching/learning continuous evaluation. Peer review can be one of the most effective tools for the continuous improvement of higher education offerings. In this paper, the authors form a team to create an effective peer-review process with new and innovative formative and summative functions. A new checklist is being designed and used by two or more reviewers to rate the course syllabus, objectives, outcomes, and activity/assessment tools; this is the summative evaluation phase. Two or more peers used another designed checklist to rate different aspects of the instructor’s pedagogy based on a class visit for the formative evaluation. Both lists are shared with the faculty but not used as part of his/her evaluation. A pilot study is performed on the four authors of this paper and four courses of the construction engineering curriculum in the American University in Cairo. The four faculty adopt the process as they believe that what they have excelled in for some time will unequivocally be surpassed by something that is newer and indubitably works better.
Expression and purification of a recombinant Fip-fve protein from Flammulina velutipes in baculovirus-infected insect cells (2008)

The rFip-fve expressed in insect cells was processed and modified in a manner more similar to that of its native counterpart than that in bacterial cells. Therefore, the potential applications of rFip-fve that is generated in Sf21 cells can be more effectively evaluated that produced in Escherichia coli.
Performance analysis of software for an MIMD computer (1982)

This paper presents a technique for modeling and analyzing the performance of software for an MIMD (Multiple Instruction Multiple Data) computer. The models can be used as an alternative to experimentation for the evaluation of various algorithms and different degrees of parallelism. They can also be used to study the tradeoffs involved in increasing the amount of parallel computation at the expense of increased overhead for synchronization and communication. The detection and alleviation of performance bottlenecks is facilitated.
Practical Performance Analysis of Complex Switched-Capacitor Converters (2010)

This paper introduces a new analysis technique for complex switched-capacitor (SC) converters. It uses conventional circuit analysis methods to derive state-space models of each switching mode. Steady-state performance is derived and expressed as an equivalent resistance. Whereas previous techniques have provided either the detailed performance of a simple SC converter or the limiting performance of a complex SC converter, this new method is flexible enough to provide detailed performance for any practical converter. Nonuniform component choices, asymmetric duty cycle, and other deviations from an ideal converter can be readily included. Dynamics can also be analyzed. The model has been validated through simulation techniques and experimental data collected from laboratory testing.
3D reconstruction with single image pairs and structured light projection for short-term ultra-high-speed applications (2015)

A new approach for a 3D reconstruction algorithm using a single pair of a stereo-camera setup and a structured light projection based on spatial correlation is introduced. In comparison to existing methods using sequences of temporally consecutive images, sufficient 3D-reconstruction quality is achieved, even in the case of ultra-high-speed cameras. This is obtained by iterative application of correspondence finding and filtering operators. The calculation effort of the evaluation, filling, filtering, and outlier removing operators is relative high and may prevent a permanent application of the algorithm to high-resolution long-term recordings. The favored application scenario of the new method is the rough 3D reconstruction and motion tracking of quickly moving objects in short-term processes (few seconds), e.g. in the analysis of crash-test situations. Here, the complete recorded image sequence can be analyzed off-line which allows an afterwards optimization of the parameters. An advantage of the new technique regarding high-speed applications is that fixed single patterns instead of pattern sequences can be used for moving objects and hence no synchronization between projection and cameras is necessary.
Direct fabrication of two-dimensional titania arrays using interference photolithography (2001)

Two-dimensional (2D) titania arrays with periods of 0.8–2.0 μm were fabricated by polymerization of a photosensitive titanium-containing monomer film using interference photolithography. The 2D precursor arrays were prepared by exposing a mixture of methacrylic acid, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and titanium ethoxide doped with photoinitiator to 355 nm, 15 ns pulses from a Nd-Yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser and then rinsing with methanol. Pure titania arrays were obtained from the precursor arrays by subsequent calcination at 575 °C. The structure of the arrays fabricated by this method was confirmed with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Design Method for Modulated Metasurface Antennas Composed of Anisotropic Elements Based on Generalized Boundary Conditions (2019)

A novel and efficient design method for modulated metasurface antennas composed of anisotropic elements is proposed in this letter, based on generalized boundary conditions. An analytical model of surface impedance is derived with the effective surface susceptibilities of the patch layer, an equivalent circuit model of the element, and the transverse resonance technique. The analysis method of elements is then utilized to design modulated metasurface antennas with desired radiation patterns. A linearly polarized antenna prototype with a circular aperture of 180 mm in diameter is designed and measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The prototype shows good radiation characteristics at 9.75 GHz with the measured gain of 21.77 dB and the aperture efficiency of 44.5%.
Semiconductor-to-Metal Transition in Carbon-Atom Wires Driven by sp2 Conjugated End Groups (2017)

Bis(biphenyl)-capped polyynes are investigated to unveil the modulation of the electronic and optical properties of sp-hybridized carbon-atom wires (CAWs) capped with π-conjugated sp2 end groups. Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal structural changes from polyyne-like with alternating single–triple bonds toward cumulene-like with more equalized bonds as a consequence of the charge transfer occurring when wires interact with metallic nanoparticles. While polyynes have semiconducting electronic properties, a more equalized system tends to a cumulene-like structure characterized by a nearly metallic behavior. The effect of different sp2 end groups in driving a semiconductor-to-metal transition is investigated by DFT calculations on a series of CAWs capped with different terminations. We discuss how the modulation of the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of the sp-carbon chain toward the metallic wire is not trivial and requires a suitable chemical design of the end group and control of charge transfer. These results provide a guideline for the design of novel sp–sp2 hybrid carbon nanosystems with tunable properties, where graphene-like and polyyne-like domains are closely interconnected. The capability to tune the final electronic or optical response of the material makes these hybrid sp–sp2 systems appealing for a future all-carbon-based science and technology.
Comprehensive Biotechnical System for Screening Risk-Based Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome (2022)

At present, there are no hardware or biochemical systems allow to assess the severity of post-COVID syndrome in vivo. The hardware of the proposed biotechnical system is based on routine transthoracic electrical impedance rheography, which makes it possible to register the frequency characteristics of the patient's bioimpedance response to controlled stress stimulation, thereby simultaneously fixing the characteristics of his productive heart, the state of the hemomicrocirculatory bed, the efficiency of the gas transport function of his blood, and also reliably assess personal reactivity and adaptive potential. Subsequent mathematical approximation of the obtained biometric data by an original neural network makes it possible to rank the results obtained and automatically generate a program of medical rehabilitation for a particular patient, depending on the severity of his post-COVID syndrome. The study results proved two reliable physiological signs confirming the presence of latent post-COVID complications: a decrease in the base impedance value for light exercise and an increase in the length of the systolic arc of the rheocardiogram.
Exploiting Ethnicity in Russian Hybrid Threats (2020)

Recently, the term ‘hybrid warfare’ has been applied to a set of levers by which some actors in international relations attempt to achieve their foreign policy objectives. One of the levers Russia employs in their use of hybrid warfare is to exploit ethnic cleavages in targeted societies. In former Soviet Republics, Russian uses propaganda to reach out to ethnic Russians populations (or Russian speakers) in those countries. In other countries, Russia cynically exploits ethnic cleavages simply to cause problems in targeted countries, such as Arab immigrants in western Europe or Catalonians in Spain. This paper explores the nature of Russia’s attempts to exploit ethnic cleavages and how western government should address them
Abstract 3267: Cervical microbiota and the urinary metabolome in patients with high-risk and low-risk HPV infections (2018)

Abstract Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the world's most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection, and high-risk HPV types are strongly linked to cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. The microbiota of the human cervico-vaginal tract is the interface between the host and environment, and its constituents may act as determinants of susceptibility for HPV infection. There exists the potential for reliable diagnostic biomarkers for cervical cancer in the cervical microbiome as well as in urine, which would be an important biospecimen due to its abundance and non-invasive collection strategy. In this study, we performed comprehensive metabolomic analysis on urine samples from 65 women (54 HPV+, 38 of whom have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 11 HPV-) and discuss the potential diagnostic implication and metabolic description of high-risk and low-risk HPV infected patients. The experimental procedure employed gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on the urine-derived products and HPV genotyping was determined by reverse hybridization with the HPV SPF10-LiPA25 kit. We further characterized resident cervical bacteria in these patients using Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA with a high-resolution bioinformatics methodology (Resphera Insight v2.2) for species-level taxonomic assignment. The hybridization assay detected 11 low-risk and 10 high-risk HPV types many of them co-occurring in the cervical samples. Lactobacillus iners OTUs were shared by all samples but were significantly more dominant in women with low-risk HPV strains (p-value=0.05), while G. vaginalis, S. sanguinegens and L. jensenii were associated with high-risk strains. CIN1 and CIN3 dysplasic biopsies, detected significant enrichments of Gardnerella vaginalis, L.crispatus and Prevotella amnii (p-values &amp;lt;0.05). Preliminary GC-MS analysis identified elevated levels of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic fatty acids (C18:0) as well as lactic acid, abundant in the HPV+ samples while 5-oxo-proline and Neu5Ac (N-Acetylneuraminic acid) were abundant in the HPV- samples. Our preliminary data identifies possible microbial and metabolic biomarkers associated with oncogenic HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women living in Puerto Rico. Citation Format: Gilmary Ortiz, Natalyia Chorna, Josefina Romaguera-Agrait, Magaly Martinez-Ferrer, Maria Sanchez, Ana P. Ortiz, Rafael Guerrero-Preston, James R. White, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. Cervical microbiota and the urinary metabolome in patients with high-risk and low-risk HPV infections [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3267.
The histidine‐phosphocarrier protein ofStreptomyces coelicolorfolds by a partially folded species at low pH (2003)

The folding of a 93-residue protein, the histidine-phosphocarrier protein of Streptomyces coelicolor, HPr, has been studied using several biophysical techniques, namely fluorescence, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfate binding, circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The chemical-denaturation behaviour of HPr, followed by fluorescence, CD and gel filtration, at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C, is described as a two-state process, which does not involve the accumulation of thermodynamically stable intermediates. Its conformational stability under those conditions is deltaG = 4.0 +/- 0.2 kcal x mol-1 (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ), which makes the HPr from S. coelicolor the most unstable member of the HPr family described so far. The stability of the protein does not change significantly from pH 7-9, as concluded from the differential scanning calorimetry and thermal CD experiments. Conformational studies at low pH (pH 2.5-4) suggest that, in the absence of cosmotropic agents, HPr does not unfold completely; rather, it accumulates partially folded species. The transition from those species to other states with native-like secondary and tertiary structure, occurs with a pKa = 3.3 +/- 0.3, as measured by the averaged measurements obtained by CD and fluorescence. However, this transition does not agree either with: (a) that measured by burial of hydrophobic patches (8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfate binding experiments); or (b) that measured by acquisition of native-like compactness (gel-filtration studies). It seems that acquisition of native-like features occurs in a wide pH range and it cannot be ascribed to a unique side-chain titration. These series of intermediates have not been reported previously in any member of the HPr family.
Dose, Route, and Time Dependence of Serum Lysozyme and Antitumor Activity Following Administration of Glucan, <italic>Corynebacterium parvum</italic>, Pyran, or Lipopolysaccharide to Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1981)

Following the administration of Di Luzio particulate glucan, Corynebacterium parvum, pyran (maleic anhydride vinyl ether 6), and lipopolysaccharide (Shigella) to inbred C57BL/6J mice, dose, route, and time-dependent studies were undertaken on antitumor activity and serum lysozyme levels to explore the possible relevance of serum lysozyme as a useful index of antitumor activity. Antitumor activity was assessed by measurement of the extent of loss of iv injected 125I-labeled 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled B16 tumor cells. Increases in serum lysozyme levels were dose-, route-, and time-dependent and varied greatly from one agent to another. The peak levels of antitumor activity were similar for all agents but were also critically dose- and time-dependent. Correlations of serum lysozyme levels and antitumor activity were inexact. The doses for peak lysozyme level increases were higher than those for peak antitumor activity. Antitumor activity peaked earlier and lasted longer than serum lysozyme level increases.
Enhanced Electron-Phonon Coupling at the Mo and W(110) Surfaces Induced by Adsorbed Hydrogen (1996)

Article Enhanced Electron-Phonon Coupling at the Mo and W(110) Surfaces Induced by Adsorbed Hydrogen was published on February 1, 1996 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 197, issue 1-2).