gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle force and excursion requirements and moment arm analysis of a posterior-superior offset reverse total shoulder prosthesis. (2013)

Current reverse total shoulder arthroplasty prosthesis designs do not permit offset of the humerus in the sagittal plane. Posteriorly shifting the humerus has the theoretical benefit of lengthening the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles and their external rotation moment arms, thereby improving the tension and efficiency of each external rotator and subsequently requiring each muscle to produce less force to rotate the arm. A cadaveric shoulder controller was used to quantify the impact of a novel posterior-superior offset reverse shoulder prosthesis on muscle length, moment arms, and muscle forces relative to a non-offset reverse shoulder design during two different motions: scapular plane abduction and internal/external rotation. The results of this study demonstrate that both the non-offset and offset reverse shoulder designs had similar force and excursion demands of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles during both scapular abduction and internal and external rotation. Additionally, the offset reverse shoulder design was associated with significantly less over-tensioning of the middle and posterior deltoid and significantly more anatomic tensioning of the teres minor than the non-offset design. However, the offset reverse shoulder was observed to have more impingement than the non-offset design. These findings support the feasibility of this design: by restoring a more anatomic resting length to the deltoid and teres minor, the posterior-superior offset rTSA design may provide better teres minor function and rotational strength and may decrease the incidence of acromial stress fractures relative to the non-offset design. Clinical follow-up is required to confirm these findings.
On a mixed zero–one separable non-linear approach for water irrigation scheduling (2008)

We present a mixed zero–one separable non-linear approach to the optimization of the management of water resources used for agricultural irrigation purposes. It provides dynamic planning of the daily irrigation scheduling for a given land area by considering the irrigation network topography, water flow conditions and logistical operation constraints in order to optimize the use of water stored in a reservoir. We present a mixed zero–one separable non-linear program and a solution procedure that iteratively solves a mixed zero–one linear approximation of the model. We are not aware of any previous attempt to solve large-scale mixed zero–one separable non-linear programs of this kind. Some computational experiences on a large-scale real-life problem are reported.
Microphysical particle properties derived from inversion algorithms developed in the framework of EARLINET (2015)

Abstract. We present a summary on the current status of two inversion algorithms that are used in EARLINET for the inversion of data collected with EARLINET multiwavelength Raman lidars. These instruments measure backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm. Development of these two algorithms started in 2000 when EARLINET was founded. The algorithms are based on manually controlled inversion of optical data which allows for detailed sensitivity studies and thus provides us with comparably high quality of the derived data products. The algorithms allow us to derive particle effective radius, and volume and surface-area concentration with comparably high confidence. The retrieval of the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index still is a challenge in view of the accuracy required for these parameters in climate change studies in which light-absorption needs to be known with high accuracy. Single-scattering albedo can be computed from the retrieved microphysical parameters and allows us to categorize aerosols into high and low absorbing aerosols. We discuss the current status of these manually operated algorithms, the potentially achievable accuracy of data products, and the goals for future work on the basis of a few exemplary simulations with synthetic optical data. The optical data used in our study cover a range of Ångström exponents and extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios that are found from lidar measurements of various aerosol types. We also tested aerosol scenarios that are considered highly unlikely, e.g., the lidar ratios fall outside the commonly accepted range of values measured with Raman lidar, even though the underlying microphysical particle properties are not uncommon. The goal of this part of the study is to test robustness of the algorithms toward their ability to identify aerosol types that have not been measured so far, but cannot be ruled out based on our current knowledge of aerosol physics. We computed the optical data from monomodal logarithmic particle size distributions, i.e., we explicitly excluded the more complicated case of bimodal particle size distributions which is a topic of ongoing research work. Another constraint is that we only considered particles of spherical shape in our simulations. We considered particle radii as large as 7–10 μm in our simulations. That particle size does not only cover the size range of particles in the fine-mode fraction of naturally occurring particle size distributions but also covers a considerable part of the coarse-mode fraction of particle size distributions. We considered optical-data errors of 15 % in the simulation studies. We target 50 % uncertainty as a reasonable threshold for our data products, though we attempt to obtain data products with less uncertainty in future work.
Quantitative nanoscale coherence tomography with extreme ultraviolet light (2020)

We present nanoscale coherence tomography (XCT) in the extreme ultraviolet range driven by a high-harmonic generation (HHG) light source. Using a novel phase retrieval algorithm, XCT enables non-destructive, quantitative, cross-sectional imaging, of, e.g., semiconductor devices.
The economics of software distribution over the Internet revisited (2001)

Research on the information economy has been based on the assumption that production of software involves low, or even zero, marginal costs. This paper examines this assumption. It argues that the act of driving Internet traffic to an Internet server is an act of distribution and that costs associated with it are actually software production and distribution costs. It suggests a generalized model, the Internet distribution chain, using which the variable and marginal cost of production and distribution can be revealed. Using this model the paper will show that marginal costs associated with the production and distribution of software actually resemble those of traditional products.
Safety and Efficacy of Rivastigmine in Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Preliminary 20-Week, Open-Label Study (2006)

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit a cholinergic deficiency similar to that found in Alzheimer's disease. Cholinesterase inhibitors, used to treat Alzheimer's disease, may improve cognitive function in individuals with DS. This is the first investigation of the safety and efficacy of rivastigmine (an acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitor) on specific cognitive domains in pediatric DS. Eleven subjects with DS (ages 10-17 years) were treated with a liquid formulation of rivastigmine. Four subjects experienced no adverse events (AEs). Seven subjects reported AEs that were mild, transient and consistent with adverse events typically noted with cholinesterase inhibitors. Significant improvements were found in overall adaptive function (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change), attention (Leiter Attention Sustained tests A and B), memory (NEPSY: Narrative and Immediate Memory for Names subtests) and language (Test of Verbal Expression and Reasoning and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool) domains. Improved language performance was found across all functional levels. These results underscore the need for larger, controlled studies employing a carefully constructed test battery capable of measuring the full scope of performance across multiple domains and a wide range of functional levels.
First signal on the cryogenic fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (2007)

The construction and achievement of the first signal on a cryogenic Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR-MS) are reported here, demonstrating proof-of-concept of this new instrument design. Building the FTICR cell into the cold bore of a superconducting magnet provided advantages over conventional warm bore design. At 4.2 K, the vacuum system cryopumps itself, thus removing the requirement for a large bore to achieve the desired pumping speed for maintaining base pressure. Furthermore, because the bore diameter has been reduced, the amount of magnet wire needed to achieve high field and homogeneity was also reduced, greatly decreasing the cost/Tesla of the magnet. The current instrument implements an actively shielded 14-Tesla magnet of vertical design with an external matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source. The first signal was obtained by detecting the laser desorbed/ionized (LDI) C(60)(+*) ions, with the magnet at 7 Tesla, unshimmed, and the preamplifier mounted outside of the vacuum chamber at room temperature. A subsequent experiment done with the magnet at 14 Tesla and properly shimmed produced a C(60) spectrum showing approximately 350,000 resolving power at m/z approximately 720. Increased magnetic field strength improves many FTMS performance parameters simultaneously, particularly mass resolving power and accuracy.
A New Family of Sulfur Dioxide-Containing TTF Derivatives (1998)

One sulfone group substituted into the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) core is reported to influence the crystal packing of this family of compounds by permitting hydrogen bonds to be established. In addition, the incorporated 3-sulfolene moiety is shown to open up a new direction in TTF chemistry by allowing Diels–Alder reactions and related cycloadditions. The synthesis of this family of compounds is described along with the results of a crystal structure investigation. It is shown that the introduction of the 3 sulfolene moiety does not affect the properties of the π-electron system.
A thymidine kinase-deleted bovine herpesvirus 5 establishes latent infection but reactivates poorly in a sheep model Recombinante do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 com deleção na timidina quinase estabelece infecção latente porém reativa ineficientemente em ovinos (2013)

The ability of thymidine kinase (tk)-deleted recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5tk&#916;) to establish and reactivate latent infection was investigated in lambs. During acute infection, the recombinant virus replicated moderately in the nasal mucosa, yet to lower titers than the parental strain. At day 40 post-infection (pi), latent viral DNA was detected in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of all lambs in both groups. However, the amount of recombinant viral DNA in TGs was lower (9.7-fold less) than that of the parental virus as determined by quantitative real time PCR. Thus, tk deletion had no apparent effect on the frequency of latent infection but reduced colonization of TG. Upon dexamethasone (Dx) administration at day 40 pi, lambs inoculated with parental virus shed infectious virus in nasal secretions, contrasting with lack of infectivity in secretions of lambs inoculated with the recombinant virus. Nevertheless, some nasal swabs from the recombinant virus group were positive for viral DNA by PCR, indicating low levels of reactivation. Thus, BoHV-5 TK activity is not required for establishment of latency, but seems critical for efficient virus reactivation upon Dx treatment.<br>A capacidade de um recombinante do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 com deleção no gene da timidina quinase (BoHV-5tk&#8710;) em estabelecer e reativar infecção latente foi investigada em cordeiros. Durante a infecção aguda, o vírus recombinante replicou na mucosa nasal em títulos moderados, porém menores do que os da cepa parental. Aos 40 dias pós-infecção (pi) DNA viral latente foi detectado no gânglio trigêmeo (TG) de todos os cordeiros em ambos os grupos. No entanto, a quantidade de DNA do vírus recombinante nos TGs foi 9,7 vezes menor do que do vírus parental, segundo determinação por PCR em tempo real. Assim, a deleção do gene tk (timidina quinase) não produziu efeito aparente sobre a frequência da infecção latente, porém reduziu a colonização do TG. Após a administração de dexametasona (Dx) no dia 40pi, os cordeiros inoculados com o vírus parental excretaram partículas virais infecciosas, contrastando com a falta de infectividade nas secreções nasais dos animais inoculados com o vírus recombinante. Entretanto, alguns suabes nasais dos cordeiros do grupo do vírus recombinante foram positivos para o DNA viral por PCR, indicando baixos níveis de reativação. Assim, a atividade da enzima timidina quinase não é requerida para o estabelecimento de latência pelo BoHV-5, mas parece fundamental para reativação eficiente da infecção latente após tratamento com Dx.
Hyperphosphorylation of fetal liver IGFBP-1 precedes slowing of fetal growth in nutrient-restricted baboons and may be a mechanism underlying IUGR (2020)

In cultured fetal liver cells, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-1 hyperphosphorylation in response to hypoxia and amino acid deprivation is mediated by inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activation of amino acid response (AAR) signaling and casein kinase (CK)2. We hypothesized that fetal liver mTOR inhibition, activation of AAR and CK2, and IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation occur before development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Pregnant baboons were fed a control (C) or a maternal nutrient restriction (MNR; 70% calories of control) diet starting at gestational day (GD) 30 (term GD 185). Umbilical blood and fetal liver tissue were obtained at GD 120 (C, <i>n</i> = 7; MNR, <i>n</i> = 10) and 165 (C, <i>n</i> = 7; MNR, <i>n</i> = 8). Fetal weights were unchanged at GD 120 but decreased at GD 165 in the MNR group (-13%, <i>P</i> = 0.03). IGFBP-1 phosphorylation, as determined by parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (PRM-MS), immunohistochemistry, and/or Western blot, was enhanced in MNR fetal liver and umbilical plasma at GD 120 and 165. IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation<sup>Tyr1135</sup> (-64%, <i>P</i> = 0.05) was reduced in MNR fetal liver at GD 120. Furthermore, fetal liver CK2 (α/α'/β) expression, CK2β colocalization, proximity with IGFBP-1, and CK2 autophosphorylation<sup>Tyr182</sup> were greater at GD 120 and 165 in MNR vs. C. Additionally, mTOR complex (mTORC)1 (p-P70S6K<sup>Thr389</sup>, -52%, <i>P</i> = 0.05) and mTORC2 (p-Akt<sup>Ser473</sup>, -56%, <i>P</i> < 0.001) activity were decreased and AAR was activated (p-GCN2<sup>Thr898</sup>, +117%, <i>P</i> = 0.02; p-eIF2α<sup>Ser51</sup>, +294%, <i>P</i> = 0.002; p-ERK<sup>Thr202</sup>, +111%, <i>P</i> = 0.03) in MNR liver at GD 120. Our data suggest that fetal liver IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation, mediated by mTOR inhibition and both AAR and CK2 activation, is a key link between restricted nutrient and oxygen availability and the development of IUGR.
Can physical joint simulators be used to anticipate clinical wear problems of new joint replacement implants prior to market release? (2016)

One of the most important mandates of physical joint simulators is to provide test results that allow the implant manufacturer to anticipate and perhaps avoid clinical wear problems with their new products. This is best done before market release. This study gives four steps to follow in conducting such wear simulator testing. Two major examples involving hip wear simulators are discussed in which attempts had been made to predict clinical wear performance prior to market release. The second one, involving the DePuy ASR implant systems, is chosen for more extensive treatment by making it an illustrative example to explore whether wear simulator testing can anticipate clinical wear problems. It is concluded that hip wear simulator testing did provide data in the academic literature that indicated some risk of clinical wear problems prior to market release of the ASR implant systems. This supports the idea that physical joint simulators have an important role in the pre-market testing of new joint replacement implants.
Combining the tasklet model with OpenMP (2018)

Previous workshops have discussed a proposal to augment Ada with fine-grained parallelism, based on the notion of tasklets, a lightweight parallel entity. Recent works have shown the convergence of this model with the OpenMP tasking model and have proposed their coexistence. In this paper we provide a status of the existent works, and describe how these models could be combined.
Temperature impact on the lorentzian noise induced by electron valance band tunneling in partiallydepleted SOI nMOSFETs (2006)

In this paper, the temperature impact on the Lorentzian noise induced by electron valence band tunneling (EVB) is analyzed for partially depleted SOI MOSFETs. In (Lukyanchikova et al., 2003) and (Lukyanchikova et al., 2004) the Lorentzian noise parameters were already studied at 300K and a model based on shot noise of the EVB tunneling current was proposed. The aim of this paper is to investigate the Lorentzian time constant tau and the plateau amplitude of the gate voltage noise spectral density S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VG</sub> (0) variation versus temperature, where S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VG</sub> (0) = S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</sub> (0)/(gm) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> . It is observed that from 300K down to 80K tau and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VG </sub> (0) exhibit behaviors in agreement with the existing model (Lukyanchikova et al., 2003) and (Lukyanchikova et al., 2004)
DNA topoisomerase IIα predicts progression‐free and overall survival in pediatric malignant non‐brainstem gliomas (2002)

Malignant non-brainstem glioma (MNBG) is a rare pediatric brain tumor. The prognosis for children harboring this lesion remains largely unpredictable. Assessment of histologic features alone only provides a marginal insight into the biologic behavior of these lesions. Hence, the identification of novel molecular markers capable of characterizing these lesions more accurately with respect to their biologic aggressiveness is definitely needed. Our current study examined the expression of nuclear DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (TIIalpha), a novel marker of cell cycle turnover and a determinant of tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy, in a series of 17 archival pediatric MNBGs. TIIalpha expression was found to extend over a wide range in the study cohort (3.9-69.1%). A cutoff labeling index of 12% was found to define 2 prognostic subgroups (TIIalpha <12 vs. >or=12) with profoundly different 5-year progression-free survival (60% vs. 8%; p = 0.0108, log-rank test) and overall survival (100% vs. 8%; p = 0.0038) rates. TIIalpha expression was significantly linked to MIB-1 antibody labeling of the Ki-67 nuclear antigen (R = 0.919, p < 0.001). A high TIIalpha labeling index remained associated with short progression-free survival (p = 0.022) and overall survival (p = 0.022) in multivariate analysis (Cox regression). In conclusion, considering that TIIalpha expression was not related to histopathologic grade, biological characteristics as assessed by TIIalpha labeling may complement the information obtained by tumor morphology as a means of improving the accuracy of patient prognosis prediction.
Thrombospondin-2 therapy ameliorates experimental glomerulonephritis via inhibition of cell proliferation, inflammation, and TGF-β activation (2009)

We recently identified thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) as an endogenous regulator of matrix remodelling and inflammation in experimental kidney disease by studying TSP-2-deficient mice. In this study, we asked whether systemic TSP-2 overexpression via thigh muscle transfection is able to ameliorate the time course of the anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis model. After induction of anti-Thy1 nephritis, rats were transfected either with an overexpression plasmid for TSP-2 or lacZ as a control. Biopsies, urine, and blood samples were taken on days 1, 3, and 6 after disease induction. Muscular overexpression of TSP-2 reduced glomerular transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta activation and glomerular extracellular matrix formation as determined by collagen IV and fibronectin. In addition, activation of mesangial cells to the myofibroblast-like phenotype was also significantly decreased in TSP-2-overexpressing animals. TSP-2 overexpression inhibited both glomerular endothelial and mesangial cell proliferation, resulting in a reduced glomerular cell number and glomerular tuft area. The inflammatory response, as monitored by T cells and antigen-presenting cells, was reduced significantly by TSP-2 overexpression, but influx of macrophages was unchanged. These data demonstrate TSP-2 as a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit the glomerular proliferative and inflammatory response as well as TGF-beta activation and extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Speech transmission index from running speech: A neural network approach (2003)

Speech transmission index (STI) is an important objective parameter concerning speech intelligibility for sound transmission channels. It is normally measured with specific test signals to ensure high accuracy and good repeatability. Measurement with running speech was previously proposed, but accuracy is compromised and hence applications limited. A new approach that uses artificial neural networks to accurately extract the STI from received running speech is developed in this paper. Neural networks are trained on a large set of transmitted speech examples with prior knowledge of the transmission channels' STIs. The networks perform complicated nonlinear function mappings and spectral feature memorization to enable accurate objective parameter extraction from transmitted speech. Validations via simulations demonstrate the feasibility of this new method on a one-net-one-speech extract basis. In this case, accuracy is comparable with normal measurement methods. This provides an alternative to standard measurement techniques, and it is intended that the neural network method can facilitate occupied room acoustic measurements.
Complement peptide C3a receptor 1 promotes optic nerve degeneration in DBA/2J mice (2020)

C3AR1 was identified as a damaging neuroinflammatory factor. These data help suggest complement activation causes glaucomatous neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation. Microglia and infiltrating myeloid cells expressed high levels of C3ar1 and are the primary candidates to mediate its effects. C3AR1 appeared to be a major regulator of microglia reactivity and neuroinflammatory function due to its interaction with IL10 signaling and other immune related pathways. Targeting myeloid-derived cells and C3AR1 signaling with therapies is expected to add to or improve neuroprotective therapeutic strategies.