gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential up-regulation of Rap1a and Rap1b proteins during smooth muscle cell cycle. (1996)

The relationship between Rap1 proteins and cell proliferation was assessed by investigating the effect of isoforms AA and BB of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on Rap1 protein and mRNA expression throughout the smooth muscle cell cycle. Firstly, PDGF BB-induced cell cycle traverse was studied, thus demonstrating entry into S phase at 18 to 20 h. Western blotting carried out on total Rap1 proteins showed that 5 ng/ml of PDGF BB instigated a biphasic induction of total Rap1 proteins during the cell cycle. This involved a 2.1 +/- 0.4-fold increase at 6 h (early G1) and a 2.8 +/- 0.6-fold increase at 20 to 24 h (G1/S transition). Such an up-regulation was abolished by addition of 1 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), which inhibited up to 80% of the PDGF BB-induced entry into S phase. Comparative RT-PCR of both rap1a and rap1b mRNAs throughout the cell cycle allowed us to differentiate between the two rap1a and rap1b species. PDGF BB induced a 1.9 +/- 0.3-fold increase at 4 h and a 2.4 +/- 0.2-fold relative increase at 16 h for rap1b mRNA, whereas a unique 1.9 +/- 0.5-fold increase in rap1a mRNA was observed at 14 h. Again, this induction of rap1a and rap1b mRNAs by PDGF BB was totally abolished by TGF-beta 1. We conclude that the differential up-regulation of Rap1a and Rap1b proteins during the smooth muscle cell cycle is directly linked to cell proliferation.
Dual-task tests discriminate between dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy controls – a cross-sectional cohort study (2020)

The novel TUGdt outcomes "words per time unit", i.e. "animals/10 s" and "months/10 s", demonstrate high levels of discrimination between all investigated groups. Thus, the TUGdt tests in the current study could be useful as complementary tools in diagnostic assessments. Future studies will be focused on the predictive value of TUGdt outcomes concerning dementia risk for individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive impairment.
IL-23R is Epigenetically Regulated and Modulated by Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2013)

The Interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-23R signaling axis is an important inflammatory pathway, involved in the stimulation and regulation of the T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes, resulting in the production of IL-17. Aside from auto-immunity, this cytokine has also been linked to carcinogenesis and polymorphisms in the IL-23R gene are associated with an increased risk for the development of a number of different cancers. Activation of the IL-23 pathway results in the up-regulation of STAT3 and it is thought that the pathological consequences associated with this are in part due to the production of IL-17. We have previously identified IL-23A as pro-proliferative and epigenetically regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study aims to evaluate IL-23R in greater detail in NSCLC. We demonstrate that IL-23R is expressed and epigenetically regulated in NSCLC through histone post-translation modifications and CpG island methylation. In addition, Gemcitabine treatment, a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of NSCLC, resulted in the up-regulation of the IL-23R. Furthermore, Apilimod (STA 5326), a small molecule which blocks the expression of IL-23 and IL-12, reduced the proliferative capacity of NSCLC cells, particularly in the adenocarcinoma (A549) sub-type. Apilimod is currently undergoing investigation in a number of clinical trials for the treatment of auto-immune conditions such as Crohn's disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Our results may have implications for treating NSCLC patients with Gemcitabine or epigenetic targeted therapies. However, Apilimod may possibly provide a new treatment avenue for NSCLC patients. Work is currently ongoing to further delineate the IL-23/IL-23R axis in this disease.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nano particles with high selectivity using in-situ precipitation method (2019)

In-situ precipitation method is widely used and reported in the literature for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles based on their applications in many fields. However, the rate of reaction and rate constant for the production of Magnetite Phase of iron oxide did not study in depth. Reaction rates are required to design a scale-up of the process. In this study, Magnetite phase of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) are synthesized by the in-situ precipitation method, and the overall reaction rate is evaluated based on the concentration of Magnetite produced during the process. Further, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are used to confirm the presence of a higher proportion of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) in the final product, which is responsible for more top magnetic properties 74.615 emu. Changes in morphology of these nanoparticles at different intervals of the reaction are reported by transmission electron microscope. The results showed that spherical nanoparticles synthesized at different intervals of the reaction have a very narrow range of particle size, i.e. 9–15 nm. Detailed analysis reveals the presence of a higher share of maghemite (Fe 2 O 3 ) at the start of the reaction. However, maghemite eventually is converted to magnetite by the end of the reaction, thereby enhancing the magnetic strength of the nanoparticles.
Flexographic Printing – High Throughput Technology for Fine Line Seed Layer Printing on Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

Within this work, seed layer grids for solar cell front side metallization were applied using flexographic printing which represents an innovative, high-throughput approach for solar cell front side metallization. Fine line seed layer contact grids with a silver consumption lower than 10 mg per cell could be realized on alkaline textured Czochralski-grown silicon wafers with an edge length of 156 mm. Subsequently, the seed layer has been reinforced with silver using light induced plating (LIP). In order to determine the optimum LIP process, three groups were plated with different amounts of silver deposition. The results were analyzed before and after plating regarding silver consumption, contact finger geometry and interruptions. Solar cell parameters were determined after plating. It was demonstrated, that a homogeneous front side seed layer metallization without interruptions down to a line width of 25 μm can be realized using flexographic printing. The best cell reached a conversion efficiency of 18 % after silver LIP which is comparable to standard screen printed cells on the used Si wafer material. Furthermore, an economic comparison was carried out to illustrate the potential of solar cell metallization using rotational printing methods with subsequent Ag-LIP or Ni/Cu/Ag-LIP compared to state-of-the-art screen printing technology.
Virus Diseases of Peas (1984)

NYS IPM Type: Vegetables IPM Fact Sheet
Characteristics of protein–carbohydrate interactions as a basis for developing novel carbohydrate‐based antirejection therapies (2005)

The relative shortage of human organs for transplantation is today the major barrier to a broader use of transplantation as a means of treating patients with end-stage organ failure. This barrier could be partly overcome by an increased use of blood group ABO-incompatible live donors, and such trials are currently underway at several transplant centres. If xenotransplantation can be used clinically in the future, the human organ shortage will, in principle, be eradicated. In both these cases, carbohydrate antigens and the corresponding anti-carbohydrate antibodies are the major primary immunological barriers to overcome. Refined carbohydrate-based therapeutics may permit an increased number of ABO-incompatible transplantations to be carried out, and may remove the initial barriers to clinical xenotransplantation. Here, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of protein-carbohydrate interactions and outline carbohydrate-based antirejection therapies as used today in experimental as well as in clinical settings. Novel mucin-based adsorbers of natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies will also be described.
Preparation and Properties of a j3-D-Glucanase for the Specific (1977)

A 13-D-glucanase highly specific for glucans containing a linkage sequence ... Glc 1 -* 4 Glc 1 -- 3 GIc 1 -- 4 Glc ... has been isolated from several commercial preparations of Bacillus subtilis a-amylase including one purified by repeated crystallization. The /8-D-glucanase will not hydrolyze cellulose or laminarin. Gel riltration on a Bio-Gel P-200 column results in separation of the glucanase from the a-amylase. The enzyme is of the endo type as changes in the substrate viscosity appear long before the appearance of detectable reducing sugars. No evidence of product inhibition was revealed and appropriate substrates were converted to oligosaccharides, the quantity of which approaches theoretical yields. The products of the reaction were separated according to molecular size by use of Bio-Gel P-2 gel ifitration and found to be consistent with the action pattern of the enzyme. Kinetic studies show that the enzyme has an optimum activity at pH 6.5, a Vmax of 13.9 ,ug glucose equivalent released/,ug protein hour, and an apparent Km of 3.4 mg of lichenan per ml. Potential application of this enzyme for the structural characterization of plant cell wall glucans is discussed. ,8-D-Glucanases (EC 3.2.1.73) (6) specific for hydrolysis of glucans with an alternating sequence of 3-1,4, /8-1,3 and /-1,4 linkages have been isolated from such diverse sources as Bacillus subtilis (13, 16) and malted barley (11). The unique action pattern of this enzyme precludes its capacity to catalyze the degradation of either repeating /8-1,3- or /8-1,4-glucans. While the actual physiological role of such enzymes remains unknown
Influence of climatic conditions on antiperspirant efficacy determined at different test areas (2007)

These strongly varying values of sweat reduction in the axilla under summer and winter conditions make comparisons between antiperspirant products difficult and a statement about correlation between the two test sites back and axilla impossible. A standardization of the application phase, comparable to the simulated summer conditions described here, could be a solution to reduce the high variation of results in the axilla. Consequently, testing on the back is not only a more cost-effective method to investigate the antiperspirant efficacy of more than one formulation, but a reproducible method more independent of climatic influences during test implementation than the axilla test method. It could, therefore, be regarded as the method of choice for discriminating antiperspirant efficacy between several products during development of new antiperspirant formulations.
NICE: A Network Interference Cancellation Engine for Opportunistic Uplink Cooperation in Wireless Networks (2011)

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the potential of inter-base station cooperation techniques to manage excessive out-of-cell interference in evolving cellular networks. It has been observed that on the uplink, significant improvements in interference rejection can be attained by exchanging complex-valued received signal samples across a cluster of cells and employing joint multi-antenna receiver processing. However, such processing incurs substantial increases in backhaul overhead, exceeding the actual information delivered by at least an order of magnitude. In this paper, we propose and describe a signal processing approach based on a novel Network Interference Cancellation Engine (NICE), which opportunistically cancels out-of-cell interference by exchanging decoded dominant interferer data among cooperating cells and reconstructing interfering signals. Simulation results with NICE processing in cellular networks show that substantial improvements (5-7 dB) in signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio may be achieved over current non-cooperative multi-antenna receiver processing techniques while allowing backhaul overhead to be reduced by factors on the order of 40 to 50 relative to joint processing techniques employing the exchange of complex-valued received signal samples.
Synthesis and Use of Chiral Sulfur Ylides (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Epoxidation Reaction Aziridination Cyclopropanation [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Other Reactions Conclusions References
Improved channel estimation with side information (2002)

In this paper, we describe a technique to incorporate side information into the channel estimation operation at the receiver in a GSM-based system. The technique has a complexity comparable to that of the standard method. Simulations indicate that in terms of coded bit error rate (BER), our technique produces gains of about 0.8 dB in a static channel, and 1 dB in non-dispersive Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. Similar gains are achieved for uncoded BER and probability of detected error. Such gains are desirable in a cellular system. They are considerable in a satellite system, where link margin is at a high premium.
Detecting KPC-2 and NDM-1 Coexpression in Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex from Human and Animal Hosts in South America (2022)

Reports of Gram-negative bacteria harboring multiple carbapenemase genes have increased in South America, leading to an urgent need for appropriate microbiological diagnosis. We evaluated phenotypic methods for detecting Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) coexpression in members of the K. pneumoniae complex (i.e., K. pneumoniae, K. quasipneumoniae, and K. variicola) isolated from human and animal hosts, based on inhibition of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam (ATM) by dipicolinic acid (DPA), EDTA, or avibactam (AVI). While the presence of <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-2</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>NDM-1</sub> genes was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing, PCR, and/or GeneXpert, coexpression was successfully detected based on the following: (i) a ≥5-mm increase in the zone diameter of ATM (30 µg) disks plus AVI (4 or 20 µg) and ≥4-mm and ≥10-mm increases in the zone diameters for "CZA 50" (30 µg ceftazidime [CAZ] and 20 µg AVI) and "CZA 14" (10 µg CAZ and 4 µg AVI) disks, respectively, when we added DPA (1 mg/disk) or EDTA (5 mM) in a combined disk test (CDT); (ii) a positive ghost zone (synergism) between ATM (30 µg) and CZA 50 disks and between CZA 50 and DPA (1 mg) disks, using the double-disk synergy test (DDST) at a disk-disk distance of 2.5 cm; (iii) ≥3-fold MIC reductions of ATM and CZA in the presence of AVI (4 µg/mL), DPA (500 µg/mL), or EDTA (320 µg/mL); and (iv) immunochromatography. Although our results demonstrated that inhibition by AVI, DPA, and EDTA may provide simple and inexpensive methods for the presumptive detection of coexpression of KPC-2 and NDM-1 in members of the K. pneumoniae complex, additional studies are necessary to confirm the accuracy of these methodologies by testing other Gram-negative bacterial species and other KPC and NDM variants coexpressed by WHO critical priority pathogens detected worldwide. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Alerts regarding the emergence and increase of combinations of carbapenemases in <i>Enterobacterales</i> in Latin America and the Caribbean have recently been issued by PAHO and WHO, emphasizing the importance of appropriate microbiological diagnosis and the effective and articulated implementation of infection prevention and control programs. In this study, we evaluated methods based on inhibition of ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), and aztreonam (ATM) by dipicolinic acid (DPA), EDTA, and avibactam (AVI) inhibitors for the identification of KPC-2- and NDM-1-coexpression in members of the K. pneumoniae complex recovered from human and animal hosts. Our results demonstrate that inhibition by AVI, DPA, and EDTA may provide simple and inexpensive methods for the presumptive detection of coexpression of KPC-2 and NDM-1 in members of the K. pneumoniae complex.
The Symbiotic Collaboration Between Family Nursing and Data Science (2020)

Pruinelli, Lisiane PhD, MS, RN, FAMIA; Farag, Amany PhD, RN; Looman, Wendy PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC; McKechnie, Anne Chevalier PhD, RN; Monsen, Karen A. PhD, RN, FAMIA, FAAN; Van Gelderen, Stacey DNP, MS, PHN, RN; Dunn-Lopez, Karen PhD, MPH, RNEditor(s): Alexander, Susan DNP, ANP-BC, ADM-BC Author Information
ASSESSING SENSITIVITY AND SIMILARITY IN BRIDGING STUDIES (2002)

In pharmaceutical industry, the sponsors are interested in bringing their drug products from one region (e.g., the United States of America) to another region (e.g., Asian Pacific) to increase the exclusivity of the drug products in the marketplace. However, it is a concern whether the clinical results can be extrapolated from the target patient population in one region to a similar but different patient population in a new region due to a possible difference in ethnic factors. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommends that a bridging study may be necessarily conducted to extrapolate the clinical results between regions. However, little or no information regarding the criterion for determining whether a bridging study is necessary based on the evaluation of the complete clinical data package is provided by the ICH. Furthermore, no criterion on the assessment of similarity of clinical results between regions is given. In this paper, we propose the use of a sensitivity index as a possible criterion for regulatory authorities in the new region to evaluate whether a bridging clinical study should be conducted and the sample size of such a bridging clinical study. A criterion and a statistical method for assessment of similarity of clinical results between regions are also proposed, using the concept of population bioequivalence [FDA. Guidance for Industry--Statistical Approaches to Establishing Bioequivalence, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration: Rockville, MD, 2001] assuming that study site is random.
THE ORIGIN, CLASS AND SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN BOVINE CERVICO-VAGINAL MUCUS: VARIATION WITH PARENTERAL IMMUNIZATION AND LOCAL INFECTION WITH VIBRIO FETUS (1972)

Summary. Cervico-vaginal mucus agglutinins occurred in heifers following either parenteral immunization with Vibrio fetus or transfer of serum from hyperimmunized cattle. Serum IgG was transported into the lumen of the reproductive tract. Thus, while serum agglutinins were of IgG and IgM classes, those in mucus were solely IgG. Agglutinins induced by immunization were predominantly of whole-cell specificity whereas those stimulated by local infection of the reproductive tract with V. fetus were directed toward the O-determinant. The O-agglutinins in vaginal mucus were of the IgA class and their synthesis within the reproductive tract appeared likely.
Barrier Verification (2020)

The main goal of a P&A operation is to restore the cap rock functionality by establishing competent barriers. When a barrier is established, its functionality needs to be verified. There are different test procedures to verify integrity of permanent barriers. Some include verification of annular barrier (barrier between casing and formation), some include verification of permanent plug inside casing, and some others include verification of barriers in open holes. The main challenge for barrier verification is the lack of direct relationship between laboratory verification and field performance testing. In the laboratory testing of cement, the following parameters are evaluated: mechanical properties (e.g. compressive strength, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, etc.), shear bond strength, hydraulic bond strength and tensile bond strength, fluid migration analysis, static gel strength analysis, etc. In addition, most of laboratory experiments replicate best case scenario with respect to contamination of cement slurry. However, there is no simple way of accurately testing these parameters at expected downhole conditions. In fact, the only tests available to verify cement plugs in the field are hydraulic pressure testing, weight testing and tagging with workstring. The annular barrier is tested indirectly by logging. This chapter will review these field test methods.
Initial operating results of coal-fired steam generators converted to 100% refuse-derived fuel (1988)

The conversion of Northern States Power Company's (NSP) Red Wing and Wilmarth steam generators to fire refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is discussed. The use of the existing plant with the necessary modifications to the boilers has allowed NSP to effectively incinerate the fuel as required by Washington and Ramsey Counties. This paper covers the six-month start-up of Red Wing No. 1, commencing in May 1987, and the operating results since the plant went commercial in July 1987.
Enrollment of African Americans Onto Clinical Treatment Trials: Study Design Barriers (2004)

It was evident that study design exclusion and inclusion criteria rendered the majority of the study population ineligible. Among African Americans, comorbidity is a major issue that warrants considerable attention.
Transport of dissolved trace elements in surface runoff and leachate from a Coastal Plain soil after poultry litter application (2013)

The application of poultry (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) litter to agricultural soils may exacerbate losses of trace elements in runoff water, an emerging concern to water quality. We evaluated trace elements (arsenic [As], mercury [Hg], selenium [Se], and zinc [Zn]) in surface runoff and leachate from an agricultural soil with and without poultry litter application. Litter from a commercial operation was applied by three methods—broadcast application, subsurface placement, and broadcast application followed by disking—to no-till soils with a history of receiving litter. Soil monolith lysimeters (61 by 61 by 61 cm)(24 by 24 by 24 in) were extracted from each of the treatments and subjected to rainfall simulation (1 hour, 61 mm h<sup>−1</sup> [2.4 in hr<sup>−1</sup>]) 15 and 42 days after litter application. Broadcasting poultry litter significantly increased concentrations (mg L<sup>−1</sup>) and loads (g ha<sup>−1</sup>) of As and Zn in runoff during the first event relative to other application methods. Notably, incorporating litter, either by disking after broadcasting or by subsurface placement, lowered As and Zn in runoff to near background levels by the second event, and there were no significant differences in As and Zn between any of the treatments. While Hg and Se were detected in runoff, they likely derived from edaphic sources as they were not detected in the litter nor did they differ significantly between treatments. Results point to poultry litter as a temporary source of some trace elements to runoff. This source can be readily controlled by adjusting application method.
Control and analysis of droop and reverse droop controllers for distributed generations (2014)

This paper addresses control and analysis of droop and reverse droop control for distributed generations (DG). The droop control is well known applied to the voltage control mode (VCM) DG units, but has limitation when implemented on the current control mode (CCM) units. Therefore, this paper gives a more complete primary control for DG systems that integrates with both VCM and CCM units. The power management can be uniformly achieved by designing proportional droop and reverse droop parameters. And the power sharing effect among CCM and VCM DG units is discussed. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop simulations are carried out to validate the proposed control and analysis.