gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cationic amphiphiles: promising carriers of genetic materials in gene therapy (2009)

The clinical success of gene therapy critically depends on the use of efficient and safe gene delivery reagents. The present tutorial review is aimed at inspiring young researchers and students to take up the unsolved challenges in using cationic amphiphiles as safe gene transfer reagents. The review highlights important structure-activity studies in the field to date including the use of cationic amphiphiles for receptor specific targeted gene therapy and for delivery of siRNAs in the emerging field of RNA interference.
Purification and phosphorylation of elongation factor‐2 kinase from rabbit reticulocytes (1993)

Eukaryotic elongation-factor-2 kinase has been purified to homogeneity from rabbit reticulocytes through a seven-step procedure and has been identified as a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 103 kDa as judged by SDS/PAGE. A degradation product of about 95 kDa was also evident in some preparations. The activity of the purified kinase was completely dependent on calcium and calmodulin. The kinase rapidly underwent extensive autophosphorylation, incorporating 1 mol phosphate/mol within 1 min; 5 mol phosphate/mol were incorporated within 1 h. The autophosphorylation was Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent; phosphopeptide mapping revealed multiple phosphopeptides even after just 0.5 min of autophosphorylation, suggesting that a number of sites became rapidly phosphorylated. Autophosphorylation occurred on serine and threonine residues. Preincubation in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+ and ATP produced a rapid 2-3-fold activation of the kinase and also induced partial Ca(2+)-independent activity. Preincubation in the absence of the ligands showed that all three were required for full activation and induction of Ca(2+)-independent activity.
The Spirit of the Age in Literature and Liberalism: Spain and its Empire after 1808 (2010)

This is the introductory essay of a special issue for the bicentenary of the Spanish uprising of 1808. The essay reconsiders the interpretation of nineteenth-century culture and historicism in the light of post-revisionist understandings of history and especially in relation to revaluations of the Romantic and Post-Romantic periods.
ESTABLISHMENT OF SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (2020)

Cultural and religious considerations have historically limited the establishment and growth of deceased donor organ transplantation in the Middle East. Despite having made great strides in healthcare, an unmet area of medical need in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was the availability of solid organ transplantation. This report summarizes the formal establishment of organ transplantation in the UAE and our early experience. The first living related kidney transplant in the UAE was performed in 1985, followed soon thereafter by two deceased donor kidney transplants using organs donated by Eurotransplant. However, it was the passage of the landmark brain death law in May 2017 that eventually enabled the formal establishment of deceased organ donation. The first multi-organ procurement and transplant from a brain dead donor in the UAE occurred on July 15, 2017. Within 9 months of the passage of the law, the country’s first thoracic and abdominal transplants using organs procured from deceased donors were performed.At present, while Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi (CCAD) serves as the country’s only multi-organ transplant center, there are 3 other centers performing kidney transplant: Sheikh Khalifa Medical City in Abu Dhabi (adult and pediatric), Mohammed Bin Rashid University at Mediclinic City Hospital (Adult) and Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital (Pediatric), both in the Emirate of Dubai. As of July 2019, there have been an additional 20 brain dead donors in the UAE resulting in transplantation of 75 thoracic and abdominal deceased donor organs, 59 within the country and the remainder in Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation. Even though the overall organ donation rate in the country remains low, the number of organs recovered (3.66) and transplanted (3.57) per donor is comparable to recent data from the US. An extensive collaborative effort with Cleveland Clinic’s main campus resulted in the first successful living donor liver transplant (LDLT) in July 2018. We have since performed an additional 11 LDLTs (overall: 4 right lobe and 8 left lobe grafts), in addition to 11 liver transplants from deceased donors. A total of 12 deceased donor thoracic organ transplants have been performed in the UAE thus far - 7 heart and 5 lung transplants, all at CCAD. Figures 2 & 3 show overall transplant volumes at CCAD thus far and deceased donor volumes at the four kidney transplant centers in the country since the formal inception of deceased organ donation, respectively.In conclusion, we report the successful establishment of solid organ transplantation in the UAE. Continued growth and success of transplantation is contingent upon increasing awareness of organ donation. Ongoing initiatives include creation of a national digital organ donor registry, inclusion of consent for donation in the Emirates national ID card, regional organ sharing agreements for critically ill patients and establishment of donation after circulatory death.
New insights for C5a and C5a receptors in sepsis (2012)

The complement system plays a central role in inflammation and immunity. Among the complement activation products, C5a is one of the most potent inflammatory peptides with a broad spectrum of functions. There is strong evidence for complement activation including elevated plasma level of C5a in humans and animals with sepsis. C5a exerts its effects through the C5a receptors. Of the two receptors that bind C5a, the C5aR (CD88) is known to mediate signaling activity, whereas the function of another C5a binding receptor, C5L2, remains largely unknown. Here, we review the critical role of C5a in sepsis and summarize evidence indicating that both C5aR and C5L2 act as regulating receptors for C5a during sepsis.
Dilated intercellular spaces and chronic cough as an extra-oesophageal manifestation of gastrooesophageal reflux disease (2020)

Chronic cough is one of the extra-oesophageal manifestations of gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD). It is presumed to occur either directly by microaspiration of acidic gastric contents into the airway or indirectly by a reflex triggered by contact of acidic refluxates with the oesophageal epithelium in GORD. How contact of the oesophageal epithelium with acidic refluxates promotes sensitization for chronic cough is unknown, but like heartburn, which is a necessary accompaniment, it requires acid activation of nociceptors within the oesophageal mucosa. Dilated intercellular spaces within the oesophageal epithelium, a reflection of an increase in paracellular permeability, is a histopathologic feature of both erosive and nonerosive forms of GORD. Since it correlates with the symptom of heartburn, it is hypothesized herein that the increase in paracellular permeability to acid reflected by dilated intercellular spaces in oesophageal epithelium also serves as mediator of the signals that produce the reflex-induced sensitization for cough – a sensitization that can occur centrally within the medullary Nucleus Tractus Solitarius or peripherally within the tracheobronchial tree.
Phenomenological evolution equations for heat-induced shrinkage of a collagenous tissue (1998)

Optimization of clinical heat treatments for various pathologies requires accurate numerical modeling of the heat transfer, evolution of thermal damage, and associated changes in the material properties of the tissues. This paper presents two phenomenological equations that quantify time-dependent thermal damage in a uniaxial collagenous tissue. Specifically, an empirical rule-of-mixtures model is shown to describe well heat-induced axial shrinkage (a measure of underlying denaturation) in chordae tendineae which results from a spectrum of thermomechanical loading histories. Likewise an exponential decay model is shown to describe well the partial recovery (e.g., renaturation) of chordae when it is returned to body temperature following heating. Together these models provide the first quantitative descriptors of the evolution of heat-induced damage and subsequent recovery in collagen. Such descriptors are fundamental to numerical analyses of many heat treatments because of the prevalence of collagen in many tissues and organs.
Analysis of IHchothecene Mycotoxins in Contaminated Grains by Gas Chromatography/Matrix Isolation/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Abstract Gas chromatography/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared (GC/MI/FTIR) spectroscopy and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) were used to confirm the identities of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of trichothecene mycotoxins in naturally contaminated grains. Infrared spectral bands observed in the fingerprint region were unique for 10 trichothecene standards. Characteristic absorption bands were observed for the ester (near 1750 cm-1) and ketone (near 1700 cm-1) carbonyl stretching vibrations, the acetate CH3 symmetric bend (1370 cm-1), the epoxide ring (1262 cm-1), the trimethylsilyl CH3 in-plane deformation (1253 cm-1), the ester (O)C-O asymmetric stretching vibration (near 1244 cm-1), and several other bands including intense features due to the TMS function. Infrared bands observed under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions were compared with those found at room temperature in a potassium bromide matrix for 5 of these standards. Identities of deoxynivalenol (DON) from barley and mixed feed, nivalenol from wheat and barley, and DON and fusarenon-x from sweet corn were confirmed by comparison of their infrared spectral bands with those of standards. The identity of DON in the same test samples of sweet corn was confirmed further by GC/MS. GC/MS was also used to quantitate the levels of DON (67-455 ppm) in sweet corn test samples.
Interfacing access networks to exchanges-the ETSI V5 approach (2003)

The principles behind the new ETSI V5 interface are introduced. The model of the access network appropriate to the V5 interface is described, taking account of the role of the access network and the services which the V5 interface supports. The approach to (ISDN) signaling and its rationale are given, and the public switched telephone network (PSTN) signaling problem and its solution are described. The remainder of the protocol consists of operational messages which go beyond basic call control. Some of the implications for Q interface of an access network resulting from the V5 specification are described. The outlook for the V5 interface and its implications over the next few years are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification, Analysis, and Utilization of Conserved Ortholog Set Markers for Comparative Genomics in Higher Plants (2002)

We have screened a large tomato EST database against the Arabidopsis genomic sequence and report here the identification of a set of 1025 genes (referred to as a conserved ortholog set, or COS markers) that are single or low copy in both genomes (as determined by computational screens and DNA gel blot hybridization) and that have remained relatively stable in sequence since the early radiation of dicotyledonous plants. These genes were annotated, and a large portion could be assigned to putative functional categories associated with basic metabolic processes, such as energy-generating processes and the biosynthesis and degradation of cellular building blocks. We further demonstrate, through computational screens (e.g., against a Medicago truncatula database) and direct hybridization on genomic DNA of diverse plant species, that these COS markers also are conserved in the genomes of other plant families. Finally, we show that this gene set can be used for comparative mapping studies between highly divergent genomes such as those of tomato and Arabidopsis. This set of COS markers, identified computationally and experimentally, may further studies on comparative genomes and phylogenetics and elucidate the nature of genes conserved throughout plant evolution.
Quantification and enhancement of image reconstruction accuracy by frequency encoding of spatial information (2002)

A method, built around dynamic optical tomography techniques, for quantifying the degree to which image reconstruction algorithms correctly map the spatial locations of a medium’s optical coefficients into the image domain, is described.
Engendering biased signalling from the calcium‐sensing receptor for the pharmacotherapy of diverse disorders (2013)

The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is widely expressed in the body, where its activity is regulated by multiple orthosteric and endogenous allosteric ligands. Each ligand stabilizes a unique subset of conformational states, which enables the CaSR to couple to distinct intracellular signalling pathways depending on the extracellular milieu in which it is bathed. Differential signalling arising from distinct receptor conformations favoured by each ligand is referred to as biased signalling. The outcome of CaSR activation also depends on the cell type in which it is expressed. Thus, the same ligand may activate diverse pathways in distinct cell types. Given that the CaSR is implicated in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes, it is an ideal target for biased ligands that could be rationally designed to selectively regulate desired signalling pathways in preferred cell types.
Estrogen receptor-dependent genomic expression profiles in breast cancer cells in response to fatty acids (2009)

We have determined ER-related gene expression patterns in breast cancer cells in response to fatty acids. Additional studies of these biomarkers may enlighten the importance of the ER status on the mechanistic and therapeutic roles of fatty acids in breast cancer.
Low Cost and Solution Processed Interfacial Layer Based on Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Nanodots for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTLow Cost and Solution Processed Interfacial Layer Based on Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Nanodots for Inverted Perovskite Solar CellsWei Chen, Yudong Zhu, Yizhe Yu, Leiming Xu, Guining Zhang, and Zhubing He*View Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Solar Spectral Power Generation, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China*Z. He (email: [email protected]).Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 14, 4879–4883Publication Date (Web):July 6, 2016Publication History Received8 March 2016Revised6 July 2016Published online8 July 2016Published inissue 26 July 2016https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00964Copyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1759Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Interfaces,Layers,Perovskites,Solar cells Get e-Alerts
In the Crosshairs: Investigating Lytic Granules by High-Resolution Microscopy and Electrophysiology (2013)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) form an integral part of the adaptive immune system. Their main function is to eliminate bacteria- and virus-infected target cells by releasing perforin and granzymes (the lethal hit) contained within lytic granules (LGs), at the CTL-target-cell interface [the immunological synapse (IS)]. The formation of the IS as well as the final events at the IS leading to target-cell death are both highly complex and dynamic processes. In this review we highlight and discuss three high-resolution techniques that have proven invaluable in the effort to decipher key features of the mechanism of CTL effector function and in particular lytic granule maturation and fusion. Correlative light and electron microscopy allows the correlation between organelle morphology and localization of particular proteins, while total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) enables the study of lytic granule dynamics at the IS in real time. The combination of TIRFM with patch-clamp membrane capacitance measurements finally provides a tool to quantify the size of fusing LGs at the IS.
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Thrombophilia: Indications for Testing and Clinical Implications (2001)

In the past 3 decades, numerous biological abnormalities linked with deep venous thrombosis have been described. Among the different possibilities, it is crucial to order tests that can modify the therapeutic attitude towards the patient and/or his family. A combined clinical and laboratory approach taking into account the history of the patient and his family, the prevalence of the defects, and also the accuracy of the tests should allow tailoring a laboratory testing program to each patient. It is essential to keep in mind that the more difficult task is not to perform the tests but to consider who will benefit from testing both for prevention and therapy of venous thromboembolism. This article provides answers to some of these issues. These answers should, however, be considered as tentative and provisional because new findings and study results will certainly modify them in the near future.
Illicit drug use and liver transplantation: is there a problem and what is the solution? (2008)

Liver transplantation is indicated in carefully selected patients with alcohol-induced liver disease. There has been less debate to date on the issues surrounding assessment of patients with an illicit drug history and outcome post-transplantation. UK guidelines on assessment and selection have been agreed. Careful assessment and access to treatment should be considered.
Spin qubits made of quantum dots and donors in silicon. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
GeoForschungsZentrum Anomaly Magnetic Map (GAMMA): A candidate model for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (2007)

The World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (WDMAM) is an ongoing effort toward the mapping of worldwide available aeromagnetic data. It is led by a task force of the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and aims at distributing a global map in printed and digital forms. In this paper, we describe in detail our candidate model which has to be evaluated by the IAGA task force together with five other candidate maps. After discussing the quality of the available data, we show a simple but effective method applied to successfully process, reduce, and merge together individual compilations. The near‐surface data are corrected using global field models and further refined with two‐dimensional polynomial corrections. After the upward continuation to 5 km altitude, data are resampled to a 3 minute grid and merged together. We then calculate a spherical harmonic model up to degree 199 and analyze the magnetic spectrum of the global map. This helps us to confirm that wavelengths larger than 400 km are spurious at a global scale in aeromagnetic compilations. Therefore we substitute them using a satellite‐based lithospheric field model (MF5) to degree 100. Finally, our proposed candidate map for WDMAM is presented.
Selective amplification via biotin- and restriction-mediated enrichment (SABRE), a novel selective amplification procedure for detection of differentially expressed mRNAs (1997)

We present a novel subtractive enrichment protocol for the identification of differentially expressed mRNA species. This procedure, called SABRE (selective amplification via biotin- and restriction-mediated enrichment), uses selective streptavidin-biotin affinity and restriction enzyme site reconstitution to enrich for cDNA species more abundant in one population than in another. Analysis of liver cDNA from a mouse strain expressing the neomycin resistance gene demonstrated that this procedure is capable of identifying species present in one population but absent from another. Furthermore, experiments to identify genes with circadian expression patterns in mouse liver demonstrated that SABRE is capable of detecting even modest 2- to 10-fold differences in accumulation of moderately rare mRNA species, representing as little as 0.03% of total mRNA. These experiments identified the gene encoding coumarin 7-hydroxylase as displaying circadian expression in mouse liver.
Requirement of HDAC6 for Transforming Growth Factor-β1-induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (2008)

The aberrant expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the tumor microenvironment and fibrotic lesions plays a critical role in tumor progression and tissue fibrosis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT promotes tumor cell motility and invasiveness. How EMT affects motility and invasion is not well understood. Here we report that HDAC6 is a novel modulator of TGF-beta1-induced EMT. HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase that predominantly deacetylates nonhistone proteins, including alpha-tubulin, and regulates cell motility. We showed that TGF-beta1-induced EMT is accompanied by HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of alpha-tubulin. Importantly, inhibition of HDAC6 by small interfering RNA or the small molecule inhibitor tubacin attenuated the TGF-beta1-induced EMT markers, such as the aberrant expression of epithelial and mesenchymal peptides, as well as the formation of stress fibers. Reduced expression of HDAC6 also impaired the activation of SMAD3 in response to TGF-beta1. Conversely, inhibition of SMAD3 activation substantially impaired HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of alpha-tubulin as well as the expression of EMT markers. These findings reveal a novel function of HDAC6 in EMT by intercepting the TGF-beta-SMAD3 signaling cascade. Our results identify HDAC6 as a critical regulator of EMT and a potential therapeutic target against pathological EMT, a key event for tumor progression and fibrogenesis.
Resolution Limits of Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons in the Paraxial Regime (2022)

Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons uses one wavelength to probe the object and another wavelength to acquire the image. We show how the two wavelengths and two-photon correlations determine resolution limits of this imaging technique.