gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault Section Identification Protection Algorithm for Modular Multilevel Converter-Based High Voltage DC With a Hybrid Transmission Corridor (2016)

This paper addresses the protection of a high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, utilizing the modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology in addition to incorporating a hybrid transmission corridor (transmission line including overhead line and cable sections). A solution is proposed for identifying the section within which a dc fault is located for the purpose of maintaining power delivery. A detailed model of the MMC-HVDC system is simulated using PSCAD and an in depth fault analysis is performed. A characteristic signal is discovered and then implemented into a novel solution. The end result is a fault section identification protection algorithm, implementing protective relay coordination to protect the system from false circuit breaker reclose as well as enabling fast system restart for nonpermanent faults. This restart protection algorithm is implemented without the use of a communications channel between converter stations, introducing novelty and quick restart response.
Application of ZnO<inf>1&#x2212;x</inf>S<inf>x</inf> as window layer in cadmium telluride solar cells (2010)

CdTe solar cells with ZnS window layer deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) were grown. The current density of such solar cells reached 24.7 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> without anti reflection coating (Voc 594 mV, FF 64.2%, η 9.4%). For CdTe solar cells with CdS and ZnS window layers we quantified the Jsc loss mechanisms in detail. In order to tune the conduction band alignment, and increase the Voc, ZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used. The band alignment in these devices was estimated and interpreted with the help of 1D simulation. According to the estimated band alignment the optimum sulfur content of the ZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> compound seems to be around x=0.6 which was confirmed experimentally. The minimum absorber bandgap in final devices was found to be reduced in ZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /CdTe devices, which indicates interdiffusion of elements from the window layer into the absorber. To reduce the impact of thereby possibly formed pinholes a high resistive transparent layer was introduced between TCO and window layer. This layer could improve the performance of the device with the thinnest ZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> but decreased the performance of the others. In combination with ALD grown ZnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> the TCO material Fluorine doped tin oxide lead to higher efficiency than aluminum doped zinc oxide.
Analysis of the biofilm proteome of Xylella fastidiosa (2011)

We observed overexpression of proteins related to quorum sensing, proving the existence of communication between cells, and thus the development of structuring the biofilm (mature biofilm) leading to obstruction of vessels and development of disease. This paper reports a first proteomic analysis of mature biofilm of X. fastidiosa, opening new perspectives for understanding the biochemistry of mature biofilm growth in a plant pathogen.
Large-dynamic-range and high-resolution from a strain sensing system using long-period grating interrogating FBG strain sensor (2002)

We have demonstrated both large-dynamic range (8100 /spl mu//spl epsiv/) and high-resolution (0.5 /spl mu//spl epsiv/) from a strain sensing system using a long-period grating interrogating a fibre Bragg grating sensor. The sensor demonstrates both large dynamic sensing range and high resolution.
Pineapple and Banana Pectins Comprise Fewer Homogalacturonan Building Blocks with a Smaller Degree of Polymerization as Compared with Yellow Passion Fruit and Lemon Pectins: Implication for Gelling Properties (2009)

Pectins are viewed as multiblock cobiopolymers of different pectic polysaccharides, notably, homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). Furthermore, on the basis of HGs isolated from different (pectins from) dicot cell walls, HG is supposed to have an average degree of polymerization (DP) of approximately 100 irrespective of the plant source. To validate or invalidate these suppositions, pectins from both monocot (pineapple and banana) and dicot (yellow passion fruit and lemon) cell walls were examined. The results show that all the extracted pectins comprise HGs as well as type I and II arabinogalactan side chain-containing RGs I, but of significantly (p < 0.05) different relative proportions; lemon pectin being the richest in HGs, followed by yellow passion fruit pectin. The HG building blocks of each pectin are homogeneous with respect to the molecular size but have a significantly (p < 0.05) reduced length in monocot pectins (59-67) compared to dicot ones (93-102). Lemon pectin displayed the highest degree of esterification (DE), viscosity-average molecular weight (M(v)), and gelling ability, whereas with similar DEs and a higher M(v), banana pectin exhibited a lower gelling ability than yellow passion fruit pectin. It is concluded that both the HG amount and DP strongly influence the gelling properties of pectin.
Fundamentals of Engineering Plasmonic Optical Materials (2014)

We consider two approaches for creating low-loss plasmonic optical materials, specifically semiconductor doping and nanopatterning. Simple Drude/Drude-Lorentz models for permittivity provide interesting insights into the relative merits of doping versus material structuring.
Morphology based Classification of Leukemia Cell lines (2014)

This paper proposes a framework for classification of label-free, unstained, leukemia cell lines MOLT and K562 in microfluidics based Imaging Flow Cytometry (IFC). These two cell lines differ in their internal cell complexity in an IFC image. Each cell is localized by finding a closed cell membrane binding internal organelles. An existing non-iterative graph based contour detection algorithm is extended and is effectively used to segment out the cells. Features reflecting the size, circularity and internal cell complexity are extracted and used for classification using linear Support Vector Machine.
Constant quality JPEG2000 rate control for digital cinema (2007)

An uncompressed Digital Cinema Distribution Master (DCDM) image typically has dimensions of up to 4096x2160 (4K) or 2048x1080 (2K) with 12-bit pixel data for each of the X'Y'Z' color planes. At a frame rate of 24 frames per second, this gives uncompressed data rates of 7.6 and 1.9 Gbps for 4K and 2K respectively. Even after compression, average data rates in the hundreds of Mbits/sec. are encountered. Recently, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers' (SMPTE) has chosen JPEG2000 as the standard to be used for digital cinema compression. Thus, methods to appropriately trade off rate and quality for JPEG2000-compressed movies will have high importance in the next several years as systems are designed and deployed. In this paper we describe a new distortion-based framework for rate control that enables a JPEG2000 encoder to achieve a user-specified quality, and therefore makes it possible to produce constant quality from frame-to-frame in an image sequence. The new method makes direct use of the same JPEG2000 coding pass data as the traditional approaches, and thus can easily be adopted at the back end of JPEG2000 encoding engines. We compare the new method with two other common rate control techniques for JPEG2000.
User's guide to NIST biometric image software (NBIS) (2007)

This document provides guidance on how the NIST Biometric Image Software (NBIS) nonexport controlled packages are installed and executed.Its content and format is one of user's guide and reference manual.Some algorithmic overview is provided, but more details can be found in the cited references.The Table of Contents provides the reader a map into the document, and the hyperlinks in the electronic version enable the reader to effectively navigate the document and locate desired information.These hyperlinks are unavailable when using a paper copy of the document.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted MRI in the differentiation between uterine leiomyosarcoma / smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential and benign leiomyoma (2015)

For prospective differentiation between uterine LMS/STUMP and benign leiomyoma, CE-MRI can provide accurate information and is preferable to DWI. Combination of DWI and ADC values can achieve a comparable diagnostic accuracy to CE-MRI.
A FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION FOR IN VIVO IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES1,2 (1998)

This functional model of hepatocyte transplantation is validated for the study of host immune responses to hepatocellular grafts and to assess efficacy of strategies designed to alter these in vivo immune responses. The immunologic rejection of allogeneic hepatocytes appears to be T cell-mediated.
On Learned Operator Correction. (2020)

We discuss the possibility to learn a data-driven explicit model correction for inverse problems and whether such a model correction can be used within a variational framework to obtain regularised reconstructions. This paper discusses the conceptual difficulty to learn such a forward model correction and proceeds to present a possible solution as forward-backward correction that explicitly corrects in both data and solution spaces. We then derive conditions under which solutions to the variational problem with a learned correction converge to solutions obtained with the correct operator. The proposed approach is evaluated on an application to limited view photoacoustic tomography and compared to the established framework of Bayesian approximation error method.
An ICN-Based Data Marketplace Model Based on a Game Theoretic Approach Using Quality-Data Discovery and Profit Optimization (2022)

In the age of data and machine learning, massive amounts of data produced throughout our society can be rapidly delivered to various applications through a broad spectrum of cloud services. However, the spectrum of applications has vastly different data quality requirements and Willingness-To-Pay(WTP), creating a general and complex problem matching consumer quality requirements and budgets with providers&#x2019; data quality and price. This paper proposes the Information-Centric Networking(ICN)-based data marketplace to foster quality-data trading service to address the challenge above. We embed a WTP mechanism into an ICN-based data broker service running on cloud computing; therefore, a data consumer can request its desired data with a data name and quality requirement. By specifying nominal WTPs, data consumers can acquire data of the desired quality at the range of maximum nominal WTP. At the same time, a data broker can offer data of a suitable quality based on the profit-optimized price and the proposed service quality using ground-truth accuracy trained by data. We demonstrate that the data broker&#x2019;s profit can be almost doubled by using the optimal data size and budget determined by considering the one-leader-multiple-followers Stackelberg game. These results show that a value-added data brokering service can profitably facilitate data trading.
Aggregation-primed molten globule conformers of the p53 core domain provide potential tools for studying p53C aggregation in cancer (2018)

The functionality of the tumor suppressor p53 is altered in more than 50% of human cancers, and many individuals with cancer exhibit amyloid-like buildups of aggregated p53. An understanding of what triggers the pathogenic amyloid conversion of p53 is required for the further development of cancer therapies. Here, perturbation of the p53 core domain (p53C) with subdenaturing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride and high hydrostatic pressure revealed native-like molten globule (MG) states, a subset of which were highly prone to amyloidogenic aggregation. We found that MG conformers of p53C, probably representing population-weighted averages of multiple states, have different volumetric properties, as determined by pressure perturbation and size-exclusion chromatography. We also found that they bind the fluorescent dye 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) and have a native-like tertiary structure that occludes the single Trp residue in p53. Fluorescence experiments revealed conformational changes of the single Trp and Tyr residues before p53 unfolding and the presence of MG conformers, some of which were highly prone to aggregation. p53C exhibited marginal unfolding cooperativity, which could be modulated from unfolding to aggregation pathways with chemical or physical forces. We conclude that trapping amyloid precursor states in solution is a promising approach for understanding p53 aggregation in cancer. Our findings support the use of single-Trp fluorescence as a probe for evaluating p53 stability, effects of mutations, and the efficacy of therapeutics designed to stabilize p53.
Adipose tissue energy metabolism: altered gene expression profile of mice subjected to long‐term caloric restriction (2003)

We investigated the influences of short-term and lifespan-prolonging long-term caloric restriction (LCR) on gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). Over 11,000 genes were examined using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays in four groups of 10- to 11-month-old male C57Bl6 mice that were either fasted for 18 h before death (F), subjected to short-term caloric restriction for 23 days (SCR), or LCR for 9 months and compared with nonfasted control (CO) mice. Only a few transcripts of F and SCR were differentially expressed compared with CO mice. In contrast, 345 transcripts of 6,266 genes found to be expressed in WAT were altered significantly by LCR. The expression of several genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism was increased by LCR. Further, many of the shifts in gene expression after LCR are known to occur during adipocyte differentiation. Selected LCR-associated alterations of gene expression were supported by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and histochemical examinations. Our data provide new insights on the metabolic state associated with aging retardation by LCR.
Studies on the Enzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters in Organic Medium and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1998)

The acylation of glucose and fructose by various fatty acids catalyzed by Rhizomucor miehei lipase in n-hexane and supercritical carbon dioxide was studied. The solvent-immiscible sugars were introduced in the reaction mixture adsorbed onto a solid support of silica gel or cellulose. The reaction parameters affecting the yield and the regioselectivity of the reaction such as the nature and the concentration of fatty acids as well as the water activity (a(w)) of the system were investigated. Typically, yields of about 50-60 % were obtained in both systems used when silica gel was used as solid support at a(w) = 0.48. However, at the same initial water activity (a(w) = 0.48), 10-15 % lower yields were obtained for the reaction with cellulose as a solid support. Sugar monoesters are the dominant products, but significant amount of sugar di- and triesters were also produced depending on the molar ratio of fatty acid to sugar used.
Front-induced intraband indirect photonic transition in slow-light waveguide (2019)

The process of an optical signal undergoing a transition between two modes of a photonic structure is referred to as a photonic transition. We show that a signal wave interacting with a free carrier front in a slow light waveguide experiences indirect photonic transitions leading to transmission or reflection from the moving front. Theory and experimental results are presented. The front induced dynamic frequency conversion is also compared to the frequency shifting based on other nonlinear effects like cross-phase modulation and four wave mixing.
The Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Chara vulgaris Sheds New Light into the Closest Green Algal Relatives of Land Plants (2006)

The phylum Streptophyta comprises all land plants and six monophyletic groups of charophycean green algae (Mesostigmatales, Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales, and Charales). Phylogenetic analyses of four genes encoded in three cellular compartments suggest that the Charales are sister to land plants and that charophycean green algae evolved progressively toward an increasing cellular complexity. To validate this phylogenetic hypothesis and to understand how and when the highly conservative pattern displayed by land plant chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) originated in the Streptophyta, we have determined the complete chloroplast genome sequence (184,933 bp) of a representative of the Charales, Chara vulgaris, and compared this genome to those of Mesostigma (Mesostigmatales), Chlorokybus (Chlorokybales), Staurastrum and Zygnema (Zygnematales), Chaetosphaeridium (Coleochaetales), and selected land plants. The phylogenies we inferred from 76 cpDNA-encoded proteins and genes using various methods favor the hypothesis that the Charales diverged before the Coleochaetales and Zygnematales. The Zygnematales were identified as sister to land plants in the best tree topology (T1), whereas Chaetosphaeridium (T2) or a clade uniting the Zygnematales and Chaetosphaeridium (T3) occupied this position in alternative topologies. Chara remained at the same basal position in trees including more land plant taxa and inferred from 56 proteins/genes. Phylogenetic inference from gene order data yielded two most parsimonious trees displaying the T1 and T3 topologies. Analyses of additional structural cpDNA features (gene order, gene content, intron content, and indels in coding regions) provided better support for T1 than for the topology of the above-mentioned four-gene tree. Our structural analyses also revealed that many of the features conserved in land plant cpDNAs were inherited from their green algal ancestors. The intron content data predicted that at least 15 of the 21 land plant group II introns were gained early during the evolution of streptophytes and that a single intron was acquired during the transition from charophycean green algae to land plants. Analyses of genome rearrangements based on inversions predicted no alteration in gene order during the transition from charophycean green algae to land plants.
Deferiprone (DFP) Targets Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Propagation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Metabolism and Inducing ROS Production (2020)

Deferiprone (DFP), also known as Ferriprox, is an FDA-approved, orally active, iron chelator that is currently used clinically for the treatment of iron-overload, especially in thalassaemia major. As iron is a critical factor in Fe-S cluster assembly that is absolutely required for the metabolic function of mitochondria, we hypothesized that DFP treatment could be used to selectively target mitochondria in cancer stem cells (CSCs). For this purpose, we used two ER(+) human breast cancer cell lines, namely MCF7 and T47D cells, as model systems. More specifically, a 3D tumorsphere assay was employed as a functional readout of CSC activity which measures anchorage-independent growth under low attachment conditions. Here, we show that DFP dose dependently inhibited the propagation of CSCs, with an IC-50 of ~100 nM for MCF7 and an IC-50 of ~0.5 to 1 μM for T47D cells, making DFP one the most potent FDA-approved drugs that we and others have thus far identified for targeting CSCs. Mechanistically, we show that high concentrations of DFP metabolically targeted both mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rates (ECAR)) in MCF7 and T47D cell monolayers. Most importantly, we demonstrate that DFP also induced a generalized increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide production, and its effects reverted in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Therefore, we propose that DFP is a new candidate therapeutic for drug repurposing and for Phase II clinical trials aimed at eradicating CSCs.
Novel three-phase CM/DM conducted emissions separator (2005)

This paper presents two novel three-phase common mode/differential mode noise separation networks, a passive and an active network, to be used in EMC conducted emission measurements of three-phase equipment. The passive network is analyzed theoretically and a prototype is constructed. Its evaluation is presented through frequency response measurements and conducted emission tests performed on a three-phase motor drive and verifies that the network is capable of separating the common and differential mode information in a CE measurement condition
Fabrication and Applications of Nano-Metal Particle Composites by Ultrasonic Eco-Process (2006)

Nano-sized metal particles have recently attracted considerable interest owing to their application potential. Such particles can be synthesized using physical and chemical methods. In this study, nano-sized noble metals were synthesized through the reaction of metal oxides by ultrasonic. This means that the chemical reactions which take place under conventional conditions can be accelerated by ultrasonic cavitations. In general, the chemical effects of ultrasonic irradiation fall into three areas: homogeneous sonochemical efffects of liquids, heterogeneous sonochemical effects of liquid-liquid or liquid-solid systems, and sonocatalytic effects. It has been proposed that liquid-liquid systems are used for the fabrication of nano-metal particles in the past. In this study, the fabrication of nano-metal particles and supported composites was investigated for the liquid-solid system from a viewpoint of economy and ecology. By choosing suitable conditions, it is reasonable to expect that these simple ultrasonic processes can be extended to obtain nano-sized metal particles. Thus applications by using these reactions were investigated to prepare the nano-sized metal particle supported materials, and mechanisms were investigated.
Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes (2021)

Elite female athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI demonstrated a significant improvement in PRO scores and a high RTS rate. Female athletes exhibited a greater improvement in PRO scores (mHHS, NAHS, VAS) and achieved the MCID (HOS-SSS, NAHS) at higher rates compared with a control group of male athletes.
ChemInform Abstract: ANALOGS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE‐RELEASING HORMONE WITH INCREASED BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY D‐AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS IN POSITION 6 (1976)

Abstract In bekannten Polypeptiden wird der Einfluß von D‐Aminosäuren untersucht, speziell bei den LH‐releasing Hormonen.