gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variations of the Herschel–Bulkley exponent reflecting contributions of the viscous continuous phase to the shear rate-dependent stress of soft glassy materials (2020)

We explore the flow behavior of concentrated emulsions for which the viscosity of the continuous phase can be significantly varied by changing the temperature. The exponents obtained by fitting the shear rate-dependent stress with the popular Herschel–Bulkley (HB) model display a systematic dependence on the viscosity of the continuous phase, revealing that viscous dissipation via the suspending fluid cannot be neglected in the description of the flow behavior of soft glassy systems. We thus propose a simple constitutive equation that accounts for three distinct dissipation mechanisms: elastic, plastic, and viscous dissipation. This three component model describes the flow behavior of soft glassy materials as accurately as the HB model, albeit maintaining a clear physical insight into the dissipation processes at work.
Comparison of Costs and Healing Rates of Two Forms of Compression in Treating Venous Ulcers (1999)

The objective of this study was to compare healing rates and costs of treating venous ulcers with traditional Unna boots (UB) or a CircAid Thera-Boot (TB). A multicenter, prospective, randomized parallel-group study was performed in three university medical center vascular surgery clinics and three private medical offices. Patients presented with unilateral venous leg ulcers 5 cm or less in diameter. Patients with severe arterial, metabolic, or neuropathic diseases, and those who would not be expected to heal with conservative treatment, were excluded. Conservative treatment of the leg ulcer consisted of a nonadherent topical dressing and compression with either a traditional Unna's boot or a Thera-Boot. The main outcome measures were the following: time to healing, rate of area decrease, rate of percent area decrease, linear healing rate, costs of labor, materials, and overhead. Of 38 enrolled patients seven were withdrawn (five UB, two TB). Three patients were still in treatment when the study was stopped. Eleven UB patients and 17 TB patients completed the study. Healing rates were for UB and TB patients (mean (Meeting ± sd) were, respectively: time to healing (weeks) 9.69 ± 3.28, 7.98 ± 4.41 (p = 0.41), area healing rate (cm 2 /day) 0.0239 ± 0.0534, 0.0433 ± 0.0910 (p = 0.27),% area healing rate (%/day) 1.0493 ± 1.5583, 2.0357 ± 1.9520 (p = 0.56), and linear healing rate (cm/day), 0.0060 ± 0.0092, 0.0109 ± 0.0125 (p = 0.27). Costs for UB and TB (dollars to completion) were, respectively: clinician labor 331.37 ± 255.75, 201.91 ± 131.17 (p = 0.09), materials 160.86 ± 96.86, 122.79 ±27.59 (p= 0.14), overhead (number of visits) 11.70 ± 6.40, 6.71 ±3.77 (p = 0.02), and total costs 901.73 ± 576.45, 559.41 ±290.75 (p= 0.05). Treatment of venous ulcers with Circ Aid Thera-Boots is significantly less costly than treatment with traditional Unna's boots. Trends toward faster healing were noted.
A Lazy Man's Approach to Benchmarking: Semisupervised Classifier Evaluation and Recalibration (2013)

How many labeled examples are needed to estimate a classifier's performance on a new dataset? We study the case where data is plentiful, but labels are expensive. We show that by making a few reasonable assumptions on the structure of the data, it is possible to estimate performance curves, with confidence bounds, using a small number of ground truth labels. Our approach, which we call Semi supervised Performance Evaluation (SPE), is based on a generative model for the classifier's confidence scores. In addition to estimating the performance of classifiers on new datasets, SPE can be used to recalibrate a classifier by re-estimating the class-conditional confidence distributions.
A New Upper Bound on Cache Hit Probability for Non-anticipative Caching Policies (2021)

Caching systems have long been crucial for improving the performance of a wide variety of network and web based online applications. In such systems, end-to-end application performance heavily depends on the fraction of objects transfered from the cache, also known as the cache hit probability. Many cache eviction policies have been proposed and implemented to improve the hit probability. In this work, we propose a new method to compute an upper bound on hit probability for all non-anticipative caching policies, i.e. for policies that have no knowledge of future requests. At each object request arrival, we use hazard rate (HR) function based ordering to classify the request as a hit or not. Under some statistical assumptions, we prove that our proposed HR based ordering model computes the maximum achievable hit probability and serves as an upper bound for all non-anticipative caching policies. We also provide simulation results to validate its correctness and to compare it to Belady's upper bound. We find it to almost always be tighter than Belady's bound.
Mediastinoscopy—a New Field for Bronchologists (1961)

Examination of the anterior mediastinum using Carlens' middle line approach is described and experience reported on 87 patients. Special emphasis is laid on various points in the procedure which require special care and on certain steps which facilitate the safe removal of biopsy specimens. The macroscopic characteristics of carcinomatous metastases, vascular anomalies, cysts, and sarcoid lesions are described. No complications occurred in the course of mediastinoscopy.
Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer(IUPAC Technical Report) (2002)

Abstract Eight persons from five institutions in different countries carried out polymerizations of aniline following the same preparation protocol. In a "standard" procedure, aniline hydrochloride was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium at ambient temperature. The yield of polyaniline was higher than 90 % in all cases. The electrical conductivity of polyaniline hydrochloride thus prepared was 4.4 ± 1.7 S cm -1 (average of 59 samples), measured at room temperature. A product with defined electrical properties could be obtained in various laboratories by following the same synthetic procedure. The influence of reduced reaction temperature and increased acidity of the polymerization medium on polyaniline conductivity were also addressed. The conductivity changes occurring during the storage of polyaniline were monitored. The density of polyaniline hydrochloride was 1.329 g cm -3 . The average conductivity of corresponding polyaniline bases was 1.4 x10­8 S cm -1 , the density being 1.245 g cm -1 . Additional changes in the conductivity take place during storage. Aging is more pronounced in powders than in compressed samples. As far as aging effects are concerned, their assessment is relative. The observed reduction in the conductivity by ~10 % after more than one-year storage is large but, compared with the low conductivity of corresponding polyaniline (PANI) base, such a change is negligible. For most applications, an acceptable level of conductivity may be maintained throughout the expected lifetime.
Reference-based data compression for genome in cloud (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new reference-based data compression method for efficient compressing of genome sequencing data in FASTQ format. With the advance of the next sequencing technology, the genome data can be generated faster and cheaper, which brings the challenges for efficient storage of these data when used in cloud computing. In order to efficiently store these types of genome data in cloud, content-aware compressing methods have to be developed to make use of the specific file structures. Compared with existing genome-specific compression methods, our proposed content-aware method focused on high compression ratio by taking advantages of repetitive nature of DNA sequence, and using reference genomes in compressing the sequences inside the FASTQ files. The benchmark results of 8 datasets show that our method can achieve highest compression ratio compared with existing FASTQ file compressors.
CREW PRAMS and decision trees (1989)

This paper gives a full characterization of the time needed to compute a Boolean function on a CREW PRAM with an unlimited number of processors.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity Test of Native South Dakota Plant Extracts (2015)

Around the middle of 20 century, major advances in antibacterial drug development and other means of infection control helped human beings triumph over many infectious diseases. Development of penicillin in the early 1940s changed the situation radically with respect to bacterial infection (Tenover, 2006). However, the attainment of complete eradication of infectious diseases is almost impossible. Bacteria respond to antibiotics by developing various modes of resistance as fast as we use antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is one of the biggest global concerns at present (Siddiqi et al., 2011). Multidrug resistant isolates in several infectious agents are a cause for serious ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 5 (2015) pp. 274-288 http://www.ijcmas.com
Oxidation of Vicinal Diols to α‐Hydroxy Ketones with H2O2 and a Simple Manganese Catalyst (2017)

α-Hydroxy ketones are valuable synthons in organic chemistry. Here we show that oxidation of <i>vic</i>-diols to α-hydroxy ketones with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> can be achieved with an in situ prepared catalyst based on manganese salts and pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. Furthermore the same catalyst is effective in alkene epoxidation, and it is shown that alkene oxidation with the Mn<sup>II</sup> catalyst and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> followed by Lewis acid ring opening of the epoxide and subsequent oxidation of the alkene to α-hydroxy ketones can be achieved under mild (ambient) conditions.
SQL/MapReduce (2009)

A user-defined function (UDF) is a powerful database feature that allows users to customize database functionality. Though useful, present UDFs have numerous limitations, including install-time specification of input and output schema and poor ability to parallelize execution. We present a new approach to implementing a UDF, which we call SQL/MapReduce (SQL/MR), that overcomes many of these limitations. We leverage ideas from the MapReduce programming paradigm to provide users with a straightforward API through which they can implement a UDF in the language of their choice. Moreover, our approach allows maximum flexibility as the output schema of the UDF is specified by the function itself at query plan-time . This means that a SQL/MR function is polymorphic. It can process arbitrary input because its behavior as well as output schema are dynamically determined by information available at query plan-time, such as the function's input schema and arbitrary user-provided parameters. This also increases reusability as the same SQL/MR function can be used on inputs with many different schemas or with different user-specified parameters. In this paper we describe the motivation for this new approach to UDFs as well as the implementation within Aster Data Systems' n Cluster database. We demonstrate that in the context of massively parallel, shared-nothing database systems, this model of computation facilitates highly scalable computation within the database. We also include examples of new applications that take advantage of this novel UDF framework.
Rapid determination of platelet alloantigen genotypes by polymerase chain reaction using allele‐specific primers (1994)

The use of allele-specific PCR for platelet alloantigen typing should facilitate the development of DNA-based typing in other regional blood centers and clinical laboratories.
Optical studies of vaporization and stability of fluorescently labelled perfluorocarbon droplets (2012)

Droplets of liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) are under study as the next generation of contrast agents for ultrasound (US). These droplets can be selectively vaporized into echogenic gas bubbles in situ by externally applied US, with numerous applications to diagnosis and therapy. However, little is known about the mechanisms of droplet vaporization and the stability of the bubbles so produced. Here we observe optically the vaporization of fluorescent PFC droplets and the stability of the newly created bubbles. Fluorescent markers were used to label selectively either the liquid PFC core or the shell of the droplets. It was found that, following vaporization, the fluorescent marker is quickly expelled from the core of the newly created bubble and is retained on the gas-liquid interface. At the same time, it was shown that bubbles retain the original shells encapsulating their droplet precursors. The efficiency of encapsulation was found to depend strongly on the nature of the stabilizing material itself. These results provide direct evidence of droplet encapsulation post-vaporization, and suggest that the behaviour of the vaporized droplets is strongly dependent on the choice of the stabilizing material for the emulsion.
Solving the Generalized Base Station Placement problem in the planning of Broadband Power Line Communications access networks (2008)

Broadband power line communications (B-PLC) technology is an alternative for broadband access networks, allowing bit rates up to currently 200 Mbps. This technique uses the wiring of the low-voltage grid in order to offer to the users the telecommunications services, such as Internet. In this paper, the B-PLC planning process is sub-divided into two parts, which are <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">the</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">generalized</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">base</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">station</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">placement</i> (GBSP) and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">the</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PLC</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">channel</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">allocation</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">problem</i> (P-CAP). This paper focuses on GBSP that is formulated as multi-objective combinatorial optimization and solved by the means of metaheuristics. Two optimization approaches are used to solve it: the classical approach based on single-objective optimization and the modern approach based on multi-objective optimization. Their performances are evaluated and compared with each other.
Time to maximum effect of lansoprazole on gastric pH in normal male volunteers (1996)

Lansoprazole 30 mg raised intragastric pH significantly from baseline on day 1 to a maximum effect as early as 6 h after the first dose. The degree and duration of acid suppression confirm the usefulness of lansoprazole for the treatment of acid-related disorders.
Using TOUGH2 to model the coupled effects of gas generation, repository consolidation, and multiphase brine and gas flow at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (1995)

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a US Department of Energy facility designed to demonstrate the safe underground disposal of transuranic waste. Following waste emplacement, each room will be backfilled with crushed salt. Due to deviatoric stress introduced by excavation, the walls of the waste disposal rooms in the repository will deform over time, consolidating waste containers and salt backfill, thereby decreasing the void volume of the repository. Long-term repository assessment must consider the processes of gas generation, room closure and expansion due to salt creep, and multiphase (brine and gas) fluid flow, as well as the complex coupling between these three processes. Stone (1992) used the mechanical creep closure code SANCHO to simulate the closure of a single, perfectly sealed disposal room filled with waste and backfill. The results of the SANCHO f-series simulations provide a relationship between gas generation, room closure, and room pressure. Several methods for coupling this relationship with multiphase fluid flow into and out of a room were examined by Freeze et al. TOUGH2 was employed to couple the processes of gas generation, room closure/consolidation, and multiphase brine and gas flow. Two empirically-based methods for approximating salt creep and room consolidation were implemented in TOUGH2: the pressure-time-porosity line interpolation approach and the fluid-phase-salt approach. Both approaches utilized links to the SANCHO f-series simulation results to calculate room-void-volume changes with time during a simulation.
High gene expression inEscherichia coliof recombinant alginate lyase as a fused protein with Î²-galactosidase Î±-peptide (1995)

Escherichia coli LE392 (pAL28) was previously isolated as a positive clone harboring the alginate lyase gene (aly) from an alginate-degrading strain, Pseudomonas sp. OS-ALG-9. The plasmid pAL205, one of the constructs obtained after successive subcloning of pAL28, gave the highest expression of aly in E. coli cells. A 8-fold increase in the alginate lyase (Aly) activity in E. coli JM109 (pAL205) was induced with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside, which was 210 times higher than that in E. coli LE392 (pAL28). The highly significant increase in the expression of the Aly enzyme with pAL205 was investigated through the nucleotide sequence around the 5' region of aly as well as the N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme. It was found that the Aly expressed in E. coli (pAL205) was a fused protein containing 7 residues from the N-terminus of beta-galactosidase alpha-peptide and the mature protein found in the Pseudomonas sp. except for three residues in the N-terminal.
Novel Enantioselective Receptors for N‐Protected Glutamate and Aspartate (2005)

A series of chiral bisthiourea macrocycles 1-4 have been prepared and their binding properties with various dicarboxylate salts have been examined by using NMR titration and isothermal calorimetry experiments. Macrocycle 1, in particular, favours the 1:1 binding of N-protected L-glutamate and aspartate, but favours 1:2 binding of the corresponding D-amino acids in polar solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile). The macrocycles, however, do not bind carboxylates at all in the less competitive solvent chloroform. The binding properties of these macrocyles are sensitive to small structural changes as demonstrated by the altered binding properties of macrocycles 2-4 compared with 1.
A Photographic Emulsion of Invariant Response with Wavelength (1974)

From theoretical considerations it is shown that the speed and contrast of a silver-iodide emulsion should be invariant over the wavelength range of 250 to 425 nm. Experimental data confirming this conclusion are presented. Possible applications of such an emulsion a a calibration device in the violet and ultra-violet are discussed.
Zinc plant availability as influenced by zinc fertilizer sources and zinc water-solubility (1997)

Zinc plant availability as influenced by zinc fertilizer sources and zinc water-solubility M. Amram’, D. G. Westfall’, and G.A. Peterson* Zinc (Zn) fertilizer application has increased during the past three decades. This increase has created the need for more information regarding the availability and agronomic effectiveness of Zn containing fertilizers because some fertilizer metals are not effective. Plant availability of eight commercialized Zn fertilizer materials having different water solubilities was measured in a greenhouse experiment. Corn (Zea mays L.) plants were grown for 40 days in a soil amended with lime to two pH’s: 6.3 and 7.4. To evaluate the effect of pH, some Zn fertilizers were used at both soil pH levels. All Zn
Molecular mapping of the human T cell receptor gamma (TRG) genes and linkage of the variable and constant regions (1989)

In the human T cell receptor gamma (TRG) locus, fourteen variable (TRGV) genes belonging to four subgroups have been identified upstream of two constant region (TRGC) genes. Three joining segments, JP1, JP and J1, have been localized upstream of TRGC1, and two others, JP2 and J2, upstream of TRGC2. In this report, we demonstrate that a unique Xho I fragment of 120 kilobases (kb) contains the fourteen TRGV genes and that the hybridization of that fragment in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) allows linkage of the variable region to the constant region locus. We also show that the variable and the constant regions are remarkably close to each other since the distance between V11, the most 3' V gamma gene, and JP1, the most 5' J gamma segment, is only 16 kb. With its 14 V gamma genes, spanning 100 kb, the two C gamma genes and 5 joining segments covering less than 40 kb and only 16 kb separating the most 3' V gene from the most 5' J segment, the human TRG locus spans 160 kb of genomic DNA and represents a particularly condensed locus compared to the other rearranging gene loci.
Supplemental Figure S2 from Deep Transcriptome Profiling of Multiple Myeloma Using Quantitative Phenotypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Diagram of predictive modeling.&lt;/p&gt;
The nonadrides. Part V. Biosynthesis of glauconic acid (1968)

The biosynthesis of glauconic acid in Penicillium purpurogenum has been investigated by use of labelled acetate, pyruvate, succinate, and glucose. The distribution of activity found in these feeding experiments supports the scheme previously suggested for the biosynthesis via a substituted citric acid and dimerisation of a C9 unit.
HighLight: a file system for tertiary storage (2002)

HighLight, a file system combining secondary disk storage and tertiary robotic storage that is being developed as part of the Sequoia 200 Project, is described. HighLight is an extension of the 4.4BSD log-structured file system (LFS), which provides hierarchical storage management without requiring any special support from applications. The authors present HighLight's design and various policies for automatic migration of file data between the hierarchy levels. The performance of HighLight was compared with that of the 4.4BSD LFS implementation. The initial results indicate that HighLight's performance is comparable to that of 4.4BSD LFS for disk-resident data, and the overhead associated with accessing data from the tertiary cache is negligible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Kinetics of the Formation of a Disordered Crystal Structure during High-Speed Solidification (2018)

A phase–field description is given for the kinetic transition in the structure of a binary ordering crystal growing from a supercooled liquid. The results are interpreted on the basis of the solution of the phasefield dynamics equation and the relaxation equation for the long-range order parameter at the diffuse crystal–liquid interface and in the bulk of the crystal. The critical temperatures for the variation of the growth rate and the long-range order parameter of a growing A50B50 crystal are determined. A qualitative difference and analogies are found between the processes of nonequilibrium impurity trapping and the formation of a disordered structure of rapidly growing crystals. The results of the study are analyzed in comparison with the results of the theory of kinetic phase transitions [A.A. Chernov, Sov. Phys. JETP 26, 1182 (1967)] and the experimental data on the high-speed solidification of congruently melting samples [H. Hartmann et al., Europhys. Lett. 87, 40007 (2009)].