gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PREDICTION OF SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME OF MICRODISSECTION TESTICULAR SPERM EXTRACTION IN MEN WITH IDIOPATHIC NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA (2004)

We concluded that our formula should be useful for doctors considering microdissection testicular sperm extraction for patients with NOA because our equation uses noninvasive parameters without a preoperative testicular biopsy, which is a relatively invasive examination.
Development of a virucidal cream containing the monoglyceride monocaprin. (2005)

The lipid monocaprin (1-monoglyceride of capric acid) has been shown to be effective against enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex virus HSV in vitro. As it is known that HSV can develop resistance to acyclovir which is the most common treatment used, it was considered to be of interest to formulate a cream containing the lipid monocaprin as the active substance against HSV. The aim of this study was to develop an o/w-emulsion (cream) containing monocaprin and to evaluate the effects of formulation variables on the virucidal activity of monocaprin as well as the in vitro release rate of the monoglyceride from the formulations. The results show that release rate and extent of monocaprin release as well as the microbicidal properties of the the o/w-emulsion formulations are affected by the proportion of the oil phase and the amount of carbomer in the aqueous phase. Reducing the oil volume fraction increased antiviral effect and release of monocaprin from the formulation.
β‐synemin localizes to regions of high stress in human skeletal myofibers (2004)

Synemin is an intermediate filament protein shown previously to interact with alpha-dystrobrevin and desmin. Immunoblot analysis detects a beta-synemin protein of 170 kDa in human skeletal muscle and an alpha-synemin protein of 225 kDa in monkey brain. Low-resolution immunohistochemical analysis localizes beta-synemin within muscle along the sarcolemma, whereas confocal microscopic analysis further refines localization to the costamere and muscle Z-lines. In addition to these locations, beta-synemin is also enriched at the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions, other regions that undergo high stress during myofiber contraction. Based on its localization and its expression pattern, it is proposed that beta-synemin functions as a structural protein involved in maintaining muscle integrity through its interactions with alpha-dystrobrevin, desmin, and other structural proteins.
Renal function change in hypertensive members of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Racial and treatment effects. The MRFIT Research Group (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the contribution of mild to moderate hypertension to progressive loss of renal function by analysis of renal function data from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. <h3>Design.</h3> —The cohort of men with mild to moderate hypertension (baseline diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg), randomized to a special intervention (SI) group or usual care (UC) group, were examined for change in renal function based on individual reciprocal creatinine slopes over an average of 7 years' follow-up as the outcome measure. Contribution of blood pressure control during follow-up, age, race, and blood pressure at entry were assessed. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The cohort of 5524(463 black, 5061 nonblack) hypertensive men receiving no therapy at entry provided the data for the present analysis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Blood pressure control was similar for black and white participants, but significant decline in reciprocal creatinine slope was found for black men (mean slope, —0.0090±0.0013 dL/mg/y) compared with white men (+0.0018± 0.0004 dL/mg/y) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for difference between blacks and whites). Decline in renal function was also greater among individuals with elevated systolic (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) as well as diastolic blood pressure (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and older individuals (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). No difference between the SI and UC groups was seen in reciprocal creatinine slopes, but in both groups combined, treatment that maintained diastolic blood pressure below an average value of 95 mm Hg was associated with stable or improving renal function, whereas participants whose blood pressure remained 95 mm Hg or greater continued to decline at —0.0013±0.0009 dL/mg/y (<i>P</i>=.007 for difference). Separate examination of the subset of black men (n=463) failed to show such a difference. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Effective blood pressure control was associated with stable or improving renal function in nonblacks but not in blacks. These findings emphasize the importance of blood pressure control to maintain adequate renal function in hypertensive white men and raise important questions about the relationship of pressure reduction and renal function change in blacks. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3085-3091)
A New Microstrip Dual-Band Bandpass Filter using Optimum Coupling Matrix for WLAN Applications (2020)

This paper describes the design of a new dual-band bandpass microstrip filter (DB-BPF) with a compact size at central frequencies of 2.4- and 5.2-GHz and fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 4% for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The design of the DB-BPF is based on the coupling matrix by employing the optimization of its entries to generate the desired structure. The proposed DB-BPF uses half wavelength ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\lambda/2$</tex> ) resonators. In order to minimize the size, conventional <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\lambda/2$</tex> resonators are substituted by folded <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\lambda/2$</tex> resonators. DB-BPF is designed and simulated on RT 4003 substrate. For 2.4/5.2 GHz bands simulation results show an insertion loss of 0.8/1.3 dB, with the S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> of lower than −10 dB, and FBW of 4%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed filter exhibits good performances including high isolation between two close passbands and high band selectivity. The overall size of the proposed DB-BPF is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$30\ \text{mm}\times 40\ \text{mm}$</tex> approximately.
MECHANISMS OF ALLO-RECOGNITION (1994)

There is evidence of two pathways of allorecognition, the direct pathway where T cells recognize intact allo-MHC molecules on the surface of target cells, and the indirect pathway where T cells recognize processed allo-MHC presented by self antigen-presenting cells. We used synthetic class II MHC allopeptides to study the cellular mechanisms of the indirect al-lorecognition pathway and its potential role in vascularized allograft rejection. LEW (RT11) rat T cells—which are primed by immunization with a mixture of four 25 mer class II MHC allopeptides, representing the full length sequence of the β chain of the hypervariable domain of the RT1.Du (WF), or by primary WF (RT1u) vascularized cardiac allografts—were capable of recognizing and proliferating to specific polymorphic class II MHC sequences when presented as peptides by responder APCs. T cells from naive LEW animals, WF animals immunized with syngeneic RTl.Duβ peptides, or LEW recipients of third-party BN (RTln) vascularized cardiac allografts did not proliferate to the RTl.Duβ peptides, indicating the specificity of al-lopeptide recognition. In the strain combination used, immunogenicity of class II MHC allopeptides is determined by factors other than polymorphisms alone, since epitopic differences in 2 of the 4 RT1.Duβ allopeptides were not immunogenic. Responder T cells were CD4+, and were inhibited by monomorphic anti-class II monoclonal antibodies, and by specific anti-class II alloantibodies. These observations confirm the occurrence of self MHC-restricted recognition of processed allo-MHC in primary vascularized allograft rejection, and provide the rationale to develop novel and specific immunotherapies in organ transplantation.
Enzymes (2017)

Enzymes are protein molecules designed by nature to act as catalysts in biological systems. The catalytic nature of enzymes makes them highly efficient as detergent components; typically, only 0.5–2% of granulated enzyme product is required in a compact powder detergent formulation. Formulators need information on the content of active enzyme in the enzyme products incorporated as detergent ingredients. The increasing use of enzymes in compact powder detergents is an important contribution to the development of green technology. Enzymes have a positive impact on the environment because they allow reduced washing temperatures and because they may replace conventional chemical-based technologies. Amylases are hydrolytic enzymes that degrade insoluble starch into soluble carbohydrate fragments. Cellulases are enzymes that degrade cellulose, a glucose polymer, hydrolytically into soluble oligosaccharides by attacking the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The trends toward more compact detergents and still declining wash temperatures place enzymes as primary drivers in the detergent industry.
Simulation Study and Experimental Verification of a Universal Contactless Battery Charging Platform With Localized Charging Features (2007)

This paper presents a finite-element (FE) simulation study of a planar contactless battery charging platform for portable consumer electronic equipment. Magnetic field plots of the charging platform are generated under no-load and loaded conditions so that the field distribution of the planar charging platform can be visualized. Three working modes of the platform have been investigated and compared, including full excitation and two forms of selective excitation. With new results arising from this FE simulation study and practical experiments, the theory of the magnetomotive force (mmf) generation of the multilayer planar printed-circuit-board winding array structure can be further understood. The results obtained in this paper provide a foundation of understanding for future design and optimization of planar contactless charging platforms. In addition, it has been confirmed that an electromagnetic shield structure that has been applied to coreless planar transformer applications, can work equally well for the planar charging platform.
New Precursors for the CVD of Zirconium and Hafnium Oxide Films (2006)

Alternatives to tetrakis(dialkylamido)zirconium and hafnium for use as precursors to zirconium and hafnium oxide films are examined. Tetrakis(trimethylhydrazido)zirconium and hafnium, Zr(NMeNMe2)4 and Hf(NMeNMe2)4, and Hf[tBuNCH2CH2N-tBu]2 are used with oxygen as precursors to zirconium and hafnium oxide films in a low-pressure CVD process at substrate temperatures <400 °C. The as-deposited films are amorphous, featureless, and transparent on glass. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data shows that the films deposited using the hydrazido complexes and oxygen as precursors are carbon- and nitrogen-free, while the films obtained from Hf[tBuNCH2CH2N-tBu]2 and oxygen have a composition HfO1.6C0.06N0.2. A thin (<1500 Å) zirconium oxide film remains amorphous after annealing for 2 h at 950 °C. The X-ray crystal structure of Hf[tBuNCH2CH2N-tBu]2, which was synthesized along with its Zr congener from MCl4 and Li2[tBuNCH2CH2N-tBu], reveals that it has an elongated tetrahedral geometry in the solid state.
Comparison of the Hydrolytic Degradation and Deformation Properties of a PLLA−Lauric Acid Based Family of Biomaterials (2006)

Addition of lauric acid to PLLA results in a significantly increased rate of hydrolytic degradation, with the time-to-loss of tensile strength directly related to the concentration of lauric acid. In this study, the hydrolytic degradation profiles of four materials were studied: amorphous PLLA, amorphous PLLA containing 1.8 wt % lauric acid, amorphous PLLA containing 4.5 wt % lauric acid, and pre-crystallized PLLA containing 1.8 wt % lauric acid. Hydrolytic degradation was monitored through mass profiles, molecular weight profiles, crystallinity and the development of mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms (through simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and tensile testing), and a "phase diagram" of properties suggested. The key factor in determining the development of properties was found to be the time at which crystallization occurred in relation to the loss of molecular weight, with the two factors most affecting this being the lauric acid content and the pre-degradation annealing treatment.
Enhancement of magnesium content in plants by exploiting ionomics and transcriptomics (2008)

Plant and crop nutrition drives all terrestrial food-webs. Nutrient composition of crops can be manipulated through agronomy and genetics to optimize the delivery of essential minerals to humans and livestock. Our aim is to dissect and exploit the physiological and genetic bases for magnesium homeostasis in plants. Understanding how plants regulate Mg uptake from the rhizophere, as well as transport and cycling could have significant implications for plant nutrition and human health. With the knowledge of genes governing Mg homeostasis, it will be possible to reduce the need for fertilisers and to develop crops that grow efficiently on nutrient-poor soils. Furthermore, biofortification strategies through conventional breeding and transgenic approaches could lead to Mg-rich edible parts of crops, which would offer humans improved sources of this essential cation and overcome mineral malnutrition.
Calibration and postlaunch performance of the Meteor 3/TOMS instrument (1995)

Prelaunch and postlaunch calibration results for the Meteor 3/TOMS instrument are presented here. The instrument, launched aboard a Russian spacecraft in 1991, is the second in a series of total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) instruments designed to provide daily global mapping of ozone overburden. Ozone amounts are retrieved from measurements of Earth albedo in the 312‐ to 380‐nm range. The accuracy of albedo measurements is primarily tied to knowledge of the reflective properties of diffusers used in the calibrations and to the instrument's wavelength selection. These and other important prelaunch calibrations are presented. Their estimated accuracies are within the bounds necessary to determine column ozone to better than 1%. However, postlaunch validation results indicate some prelaunch calibration uncertainties may be larger than originally estimated. Instrument calibrations have been maintained postlaunch to within a corresponding 1% error in retrieved ozone. Onboard calibrations, including wavelength monitoring and a three‐diffuser solar measurement system, are described and specific results are presented. Other issues, such as the effects of orbital precession on calibration and recent chopper wheel malfunctions, are also discussed.
Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates : an introduction to dispersion modeling (1994)

This completely updated and revised Second Edition of the popular Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates provides an important foundation for understanding dispersion modeling as it is being practiced today. The book and accompanying diskette will help you determine the impacts of various sources of air pollution, including the effects of wind and turbulence, plume rise, and Gaussian dispersion and its limitations. Information is shown in summary graphs as well as in equations. The programs included on the diskette allow you to "get the feel" for the results you'll obtain through the input of various combinations of parameter values. The sensitivity of data to various parameters can be easily explored by changing one value and seeing the effect on the results. The book presents 37 example problems with solutions to show the estimation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations for many situations.
Viterbi decoding of differentially encoded PSK signals transmitted over Rayleigh frequency-flat fading channels (1995)

Maximum Likelihood (bit) detection of differentially encoded M-PSK signals on Rayleigh fading channels is investigated. It is shown that the solution to this problem can be related to previous results [Vitetta and Taylor, 1994] and leads to the implementation of a receiver structure based on the Viterbi algorithm and employing per-survivor processing. The error rate performance of this receiver is evaluated by means of computer simulations for both trellis-coded and uncoded systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved Delta Sigma Modulators for high speed applications (2009)

This article presents a new Low-Pass Delta Sigma Modulators (LPDS) architecture to improve the noise shaping for high frequency applications. The errors resulting from approximations made by calculating with 1/2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> coefficients are compensated. Simulations with extracted parasitics of the layout are made and give a SNDR of 111 dB, 3.8 mW power consumption at 4 GHz in 65 nm CMOS technology for UMTS standard.
Multiexciton Engineering in Seeded Core/Shell Nanorods: Transfer from Type-I to Quasi-type-II Regimes (2009)

Multiple excitations in core/shell CdSe/CdS-seeded nanorods of different core diameters are studied by quasi-cw multiexciton spectroscopy and envelope function theoretical calculations. For core diameters below 2.8 nm, a transfer from binding to repulsive behavior is detected for the biexciton, accompanied by significant reduction of the triexciton oscillator strength. These characteristics indicate a transition of the electronic excited states from type-I localization in the core to a quasi-type-II delocalization along the entire rod as the core diameter decreases, in agreement with theoretical calculations.
Withaferin A, a Cytotoxic Steroid from Vassobia breviflora, Induces Apoptosis in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2010)

As part of a program to discover drug leads from plant biodiversity, the present investigation was undertaken to explore the anticancer potential of compounds derived from selected Latin American plants. Bioassay-guided fractionation of a crude extract of the aerial parts of Vassobia breviflora led to the isolation of the withanolide-type steroidal lactone withaferin A (1). This compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, MDA1986, JMAR, UM-SCC-2, and JHU011. The inhibitory concentrations to reduce cell viability to 50% (IC(50)) were determined by the MTS cytotoxicity assay, and 1 reduced cell viability with IC(50) values in the range 0.5-2.2 μM. A mechanistic study showed that 1 induces apoptosis and cell death in HNSCC cells as well as a cell-cycle shift from G(0)/G(1) to G(2)/M. Cells treated with 1 exhibited inactivation of Akt and a reduction in total Akt concentration. This investigation constitutes the first report of the antiproliferative activity of withaferin A (1) against head and neck squamous carcinoma.
Exploring Long-Term Temporal Trends in the Use of Multiword Expressions (2016)

Differentiating between outdated expressions and current expressions is not a trivial task for foreign language learners, and could be beneficial for lexicographers, as they examine expressions. Assuming that the usage of expressions over time can be represented by a time-series of their periodic frequencies over a large lexicographic corpus, we test the hypothesis that there exists an old-new relationship between the time-series of some synonymous expressions, a hint that a later expression has replaced an earlier one. Another hypothesis we test is that Multiword Expressions (MWEs) can be characterized by sparsity & frequency thresholds.
Effects of respiratory syncytial virus persistence on airway responsiveness and inflammation in guinea-pigs (1999)

Recurrent wheezing and asthma often develop after acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, but the mechanisms of these sequelae are poorly understood. Using a guinea-pig model of human RSV lung infection, the effects of long-term viral persistence on three hallmarks of asthma: nonspecific airway responsiveness, airway inflammation and airway remodelling were examined. Guinea-pigs were studied 100 days after intranasal instillation of either human RSV or uninfected vehicle, using: 1) acetylcholine challenge to test for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR); 2) lung histology to quantify the numbers of airway eosinophils and metachromatic cells (mast cells/basophils); 3) airway morphometry of the areas of the airway subepithelial connective tissue, smooth muscle and adventitia, to test for airway remodelling; and 4) immunohistochemistry to identify lung cells containing RSV antigens. The RSV-inoculated group had significantly elevated AHR and airway eosinophils compared to uninfected control animals (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of numbers of airway metachromatic cells, or the areas of subepithelial connective tissue, smooth muscle or adventitia. Viral proteins were identified by immunohistochemistry within several types of lung cells. In conclusion, long-term persistence of respiratory syncytial virus in the guinea-pig lung is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and airway eosinophilia, and these changes may be pertinent to the pathogenesis of postbronchiolitis wheezing and asthma in children.
Phased Array Fed Reflector (PAFR) antenna architectures for space-based sensors (2015)

Communication link and target ranges for satellite communications (SATCOM) and space-based sensors (e.g. radars) vary from approximately 400-1000 km for low earth orbits (LEO) to 35,800 km for geosynchronous orbits (GEO). At these long ranges, large antenna gains are required and most legacy systems use high gain reflectors with beams that are either fixed or mechanically steered. However, for some radio frequency (RF) sensor applications, mechanical beam scanning has inherent limitations. Direct Radiating phased Arrays (DRAs) can provide electronic scanning and/or multiple beams over a wide field of view (FOV). However, large DRAs are generally more complex and expensive than reflector antennas. Phased Array Fed Reflectors (PAFRs) offer intermediate performance by utilizing smaller (feed) arrays to provide electronic scanning over a limited FOV. Approximately ±5 to ±10 degrees of electronic scanning is typical for PAFRs, but this range depends on many factors. For LEO applications, the earth FOV is approximately ±55 degrees and this is well beyond the range of electronic scanning for PAFRs. However, for some LEO missions, a limited scan range is sufficient or the space vehicle design and operations can incorporate a combination of mechanical slewing and electronic scanning. In this paper, we review, compare and contrast various PAFR architectures that are widely applicable to a diverse set of space missions (both earth sensing and interplanetary). We then compare the RF performance of these architectures and describe key hardware design and implementation trades. Space-based PAFR designs are highly multi-disciplinary, so we also describe the various design/analysis methodologies and relevant technologies. Finally, we summarize two PAFR prototype architectures that have been demonstrated at Northrop Grumman.