gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Crop Plants: Physiological Constraints upon Nitrogen Absorption (2003)

Current global nitrogen fertilizer use has reached approximately one hundred billion kg per annum. In many agricultural systems, a very substantial portion of this applied nitrogen fertilizer is lost from soil to groundwaters, rivers and oceans. While soil physicochemical properties play a significant part in these losses, there are several characteristic features of plant nitrogen transporter function that facilitate N losses. Nitrate and ammonium efflux from roots result in a reduction of net nitrogen uptake. As external nitrate and ammonium concentrations, respectively, are increased, particularly into the range of concentrations that are typical of agricultural soils, elevated rates of nitrate and ammonium efflux result. The rapid down-regulation of high-affinity influx as plants become nitrogen replete further reduces the root's capacity to acquire external nitrogen; only nitrogen-starved roots absorb with both high capacity and high affinity. The results of studies using molecular biology methods demonstrate that genes encoding nitrate and ammonium transporters are rapidly down-regulated when nitrogen is resupplied to nitrogen-starved plants. Provision of ammonium to roots of plants actively absorbing nitrate imposes a block on nitrate uptake, the extent of which depends on the ammonium concentration, thus further reducing the efficient utilization of soil nitrate. During the daily variation of incoming light and during periods of low incident irradiation (i.e. heavy cloud cover) the expression levels of genes encoding nitrate and ammonium transporters, and rates of nitrate and ammonium uptake, are substantially reduced. Low temperatures reduce growth and nitrogen demand, and appear to discriminate against high-affinity nitrogen influx. In sum, these several factors conspire to limit rates of plant nitrogen uptake to values that are well below capacity. These characteristics of the plant's nitrogen uptake systems facilitate nitrogen losses from soils.
Drug-induced torsades de pointes in patients aged 80 years or more. (2008)

Physicians should be more aware of the risk for drug-induced TdP in patients aged 80 years or more while administrating QT prolonging agents despite long QT interval and co- administrating two or more QT prolonging agents, specifically in elderly female patients with structural heart disease.
Role of KATPChannel in Heat Shock and Pharmacological Preconditioninga (1999)

Heat shock (HS) and 4-monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA, a non-toxic analogue of endotoxin) protects the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We studied the involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) in ischemic protection induced by these stimuli. Anesthetized rabbits were preconditioned with either HS (by raising temperature to 42 degrees C for 15 min) or intravenous pretreatment with MLA (35 micrograms/kg). After 24 h, animals were re-anesthetized and subjected to 30-min regional ischemia followed by 180-min reperfusion (I/R). KATP channel blockers glibenclamide and/or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) were used to inhibit channel function. The 72 kD heat shock protein (HSP-72) was measured by Western blots. HS produced a marked reduction in infarct size (39.4 +/- 8.1% to 14.3 +/- 2.5%, p < 0.05) that was abolished by glibenclamide (42.3 +/- 3.2%) and 5-HD (33.7 +/- 4.8%) when given before I/R. These drugs failed to block HS protection when given before HS. Expression of HSP-72 was increased in all HS groups as compared to non-HS groups in both glibenclamide and 5-HD-treated rabbits. Similarly, pretreatment with MLA reduced infarct size from 40 +/- 8.6% to 15.1 +/- 1.5% (p < 0.05). The infarct size increased to 51.9 +/- 5.8 with 5-HD in MLA-treated rabbits. 5-HD did not alter infarct size significantly when given in vehicle-treated control rabbits. These data suggest that HS and MLA exert their anti-ischemic effect through activation of KATP channel.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metal Nanoparticle Systems as Heterogeneous Catalysts Beyond Homogeneous Metal Complex Catalysts for Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. (2015)

Abstract A secondary amide‐substituted, chiral diene‐modified Rh/Ag nanoparticles system is developed as novel heterogeneous system and employed for asymmetric C—C bond‐forming reactions.
Constitutive BDNF/TrkB signaling is required for normal cardiac contraction and relaxation (2015)

BDNF and its associated tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) nurture vessels and nerves serving the heart. However, the direct effect of BDNF/TrkB signaling on the myocardium is poorly understood. Here we report that cardiac-specific TrkB knockout mice (TrkB(-/-)) display impaired cardiac contraction and relaxation, showing that BDNF/TrkB signaling acts constitutively to sustain in vivo myocardial performance. BDNF enhances normal cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) cycling, contractility, and relaxation via Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Conversely, failing myocytes, which have increased truncated TrkB lacking tyrosine kinase activity and chronically activated CaMKII, are insensitive to BDNF. Thus, BDNF/TrkB signaling represents a previously unidentified pathway by which the peripheral nervous system directly and tonically influences myocardial function in parallel with β-adrenergic control. Deficits in this system are likely additional contributors to acute and chronic cardiac dysfunction.
CyTOF mass cytometry reveals phenotypically distinct human blood neutrophil populations differentially correlated with melanoma stage (2020)

Our data provide a refined consensus on neutrophil heterogeneity markers, enabling a prospective functional evaluation in patients with solid tumors.
The Fight for an Empire. A Translation of the Third Book of the Histories of Tacitus. By W. J. Woodhouse. Pp. xxii + 174; 2 maps. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, Ltd., 1931. Cloth, 6s. (1932)

The Fight for an Empire. A Translation of the Third Book of the Histories of Tacitus. By W. J. Woodhouse. Pp. xxii + 174; 2 maps. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, Ltd., 1931. Cloth, 6s. - Volume 46 Issue 4
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Galanthamine by Remote Asymmetric Induction (2004)

A pivotal intramolecular Michael addition to form a fused 5,7,5 ring system and the skeleton of (−)-galanthamine (1) was completely controlled by a remote chiral imidazolidinone auxiliary derived from D-phenylalanine (see scheme). This total synthesis of the allylic alcohol 1 avoids the corresponding enone narwedine, a highly allergenic intermediate in previous syntheses of 1. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53636_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genomic drivers of poor prognosis and enzalutamide resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. (2019)

146 Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the lethal form of the disease. Several recent efforts have identified genomic alterations in mCRPC, but the clinical implications of these alterations have not been fully elucidated. We conducted a prospective cohort study (n = 101) using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to analyze the association between key driver gene alterations and overall survival. We also performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses to identify potential mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance in mCRPC. Methods: Metastasis biopsies were obtained in 101 mCRPC patients as part of the multi-institutional West Coast Prostate Cancer Dream Team project. Samples underwent WGS and RNA-seq. The resulting mutation, copy number, and structural variant calls were integrated to determine functional copy number status of candidate genes for downstream clinical analyses. We performed univariate and multivariable analyses to assess the prognostic significance of candidate genomic events with respect to overall survival. To nominate and investigate genomic pathways associated with enzalutamide resistance, we performed expression-based gene set enrichment analysis followed by cross-sectional enrichment and survival analyses related to the top nominated pathway. Results: RB1 loss was associated with poor overall survival (median 14.1 vs. 42.0 months, p &lt; 0.001). When we compared enzalutamide resistant versus naïve samples using gene set enrichment analysis, we identified the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway as the top differentially expressed pathway in enzalutamide-resistant patients. Furthermore, CTNNB1 (beta-catenin) activating mutations were exclusive to enzalutamide-resistant patients (p = 0.013) and predictive of poor overall survival (median 13.6 vs. 41.7 months, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Impaired survival in mCRPC patients is associated with RB1 loss, identified by integrated genomic analysis of CRPC metastasis biopsies. Among men with mCRPC that was enzalutamide-resistant, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is nominated as an important predictive (and potentially therapeutic) pathway.
Untersuchung von Reaktionsmechanismen (1998)

Dieses Kapitel beinhaltet: Das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz Komplexe Reaktionskinetiken: die Näherung des quasistationären Zustands Aktivierungsparameter und Reaktionsmechanismus
Effect of the α-Hydrazino Analogue of Histidine on Histidine Transport and Arginine Biosynthesis (1966)

The a-hydrazino analogue of histidine was found to be an effective inhibitor of the growth of Salmonella typhimurium wild type as well as Escherichia coli W and E. coli K-12.A mutant, hisP1650, which is resistant to the inhibitory action of the compound was isolated and found to be defective in the histidine-specific transport system.The hydrazino analogue reacts rapidly with pyridoxal phosphate in a nonenzymatic reaction to give a product which does not have the spectral properties expected of a hydrazone.The analogue inactivates several pyridoxal phosphate enzymes.Evidence is presented suggesting that the primary point of inhibition in the cell is the pyridoxal phosphate moiety of acetylornithine transaminase in the pathway of arginine biosynthesis.This communication deals with the mechanism by which the a-hydrazino analogue of histidine (Formula I) inhibits the growth of Salmonella typhimurium.A mutant resistant to the inhibitory action of this analogue was isolated and was found to be defective in the histidine-specific transport system, and therefore not able to take up 2-hydrazino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionic acid.The data suggest that the inhibitory action of HIPA is / ?-CH 2 -CH-COOH
Class 2 CRISPR/Cas: an expanding biotechnology toolbox for and beyond genome editing (2018)

Artificial nuclease-dependent DNA cleavage systems (zinc-finger nuclease, ZFN; transcription activator like effectors, TALENs) and exogenous nucleic acid defense systems (CRISPR/Cas) have been used in the new era for genome modification. The most widely used toolbox for genome editing, modulation and detection contains Types II, V and VI of CRISPR/Cas Class 2 systems, categorized and characterized by Cas9, Cas12a and Cas13 respectively. In this review, we (1) elaborate on the definition, classification, structures of CRISPR/Cas Class 2 systems; (2) advance our understanding of new molecular mechanisms and recent progress in their applications, especially beyond genome-editing applications; (3) provide the insights on the specificity, efficiency and versatility of each tool; (4) elaborate the enhancement on specificity and efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas toolbox. The expanding and concerted usage of the CRISPR/Cas tools is making them more powerful in genome editing and other biotechnology applications.
Polypeptide Membranes at an Interface (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analyzing failures and attacks in Map &amp; Encap protocols (2010)

This paper examines failures and attacks in Map & Encap routing protocols. In Map & Encap, a packet is routed to an encapsulator, which maps the destination address to a decapsulator, and encapsulates the packet. This important and growing class of protocols, ranging from widely used MPLS VPNs to future routing architectures such as LISP, introduce new problems and challenges for handling failures and attacks. To capture fundamental components, we introduce a Simple Map & Encap Protocol (SMEP). Some failure handling approaches from traditional routing protocols also apply in SMEP, but these approaches alone are insufficient. SMEP design choices, and mapping dissemination in particular, have a large impact on whether new techniques are needed. In some cases, the control plane alone cannot adequately handle failures without support from the data plane and attacks can be much harder to diagnose. The results identify new potential failures and attacks and can help designers improve Map & Encap protocol robustness. We illustrate the benefits of our work by analyzing two very different types of Map & Encap protocols, MPLS-VPN and LISP.
Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oils (1988)

The effects of composition of heavy oils derived from petroleum and biomass, on their response to cracking over catalysts of various composition were investigated. The contribution to the conversion from different types of cracking was estimated and the effect of temperature on the product distribution was studied. Heavy fractions of Wilmington crude contained more aromatics and polars compared with a conventional HVGO. The conversion of the Wilmington fractions increased with boiling point range. The zeolitic contribution to the conversion decreased while the matrix contribution remained constant and the contribution from thermal cracking increased. The low H/C-ratio of FCC feed derived from liquefied biomass led to low conversion and poor gasoline selectivity. Addition of alumina to the matrix resulted in a catalyst more active for heavy oil cracking but with a poor selectivity. Alumina-montmorillonite catalysts showed activities for heavy oil cracking comparable to that of a conventional, zeolite based, cracking catalyst. Effects of matrix composition and zeolite type on the heavy oil cracking performance are discussed.
Translation of metabolite profiling to infectious diseases (2010)

The field of metabonomics involves generation of complex metabolic profiles of tissues and biofluids using analytical platforms such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). Metabolic profiles can reflect changes following an intervention, such as administration of a drug or onset of a disease. Multivariate modeling tools are applied to discriminate profiles and identify biomarkers that differentiate between phenotypes of interest such as control and diseased states. One advantage of metabonomics is that it is a ‘top-down’ approach that reflects an integrated systems response as it takes into account genetic and environmental status. A variety of analytical technologies can be utilized; however NMR spectroscopy and MS represent the most powerful and widely used tools as they can capture information on thousands of metabolites in a biofluid in a single analytical run. The challenge of extracting relevant metabolic information from the complex spectral data sets is tackled using pattern recognition tools that reduce the dimensionality of the data, such as principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS) and many novel statistically-driven approaches have been developed in recent years.

An example of the application of metabonomics to differentiate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from clinical bacterial and viral meningitis cases was presented. The application of NMR-based metabolic profiling greatly improved the speed and specificity of sample classification. In addition, patterns of CSF metabolites that altered following bacterial and viral meningitis infection were identifed. Furthermore, gram-stain negative samples of meningococcal meningitis were clearly differentiated from all other cases of bacterial meningitis. A larger study is intended to validate these findings and to also incorporate metabolic profiling of non-invasively collected urine rather than CSF.

In terms of diagnostics, metabonomics has many diverse application potentials and could be useful in studying the metabolic signature reflecting host response, in identifying pathogen-derived metabolites, and in differentiating single infection versus co-infection. It may prove a powerful tool for providing systems level insight into mechanisms of pathology associated with infectious diseases, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With respect to therapeutic monitoring, both in vitro and in vivo metabonomic-led approaches could offer insight into the response of both the pathogen and host to intervention, drug resistance, therapeutic efficacy and toxicology.
The Isolation of Rupicoline and Montanine, Two Pseudoindoxyl Alkaloids of Tabernaemontana Rupicola Benth.1a (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isolation of Rupicoline and Montanine, Two Pseudoindoxyl Alkaloids of Tabernaemontana Rupicola Benth.1aCarl Niemann and James W. KesselCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 7, 2265–2269Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01345a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01345a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bartholomeus Spranger and Michiel de Joncquoy in Sant'Oreste (2011)

The article discusses the sixteenth century Flemish mural painters Bartholomeus Spranger (Antwerp 1546-Prague 1611) and Michiel de Joncquoy, whose works for Italian patrons near Rome, Italy have recently been discovered, identified or analyzed. Some of these works were commissioned to be placed in church structures on the mountain of Sant'Oreste in Italy, particularly at the Church of San Lorenzo. A major biographical source for the life of Spranger and his travels in Italy comes from the writings of the Dutch muralist and painter Karel van Mander.
Next Generation Neonatal Health Informatics with Artemis (2011)

This paper describes the deployment of a platform to enable processing of currently uncharted high frequency, high fidelity, synchronous data from medical devices. Such a platform would support the next generation of informatics solutions for neonatal intensive care. We present Artemis, a platform for real-time enactment of clinical knowledge as it relates to multidimensional data analysis and clinical research. Through specific deployment examples at two different neonatal intensive care units, we demonstrate that Artemis supports: 1) instantiation of clinical rules; 2) multidimensional analysis; 3) distribution of services for critical care via cloud computing; and 4) accomplishing 1 through 3 using current technology without a negative impact on patient care.
Inertial cavitation threshold dependence on static pressure. (2010)

It is well known from observations in the ocean, as well as limited experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for spherical bubbles, that the threshold acoustic pressure for generation of inertial cavitation increases with hydrostatic pressure. However, the precise nature of the relationship between hydrostatic and acoustic pressures at threshold has not been well studied. We report here the results of a series of rigorous experiments designed to better define this relation and investigate the nature of the nuclei responsible for the cavitation events observed. The hydrostatic pres-sure dependence (up to 300 bars) of the inertial cavitation threshold in ultrapure water was measured in a radially symmetric standing wave field in a spherical resonator driven at a resonant frequency of 25.6 kHz. The results will be compared to an independent analysis of the particulate content of the liquid. [Work supported by Impulse Devices, Inc.]
Error analysis and reliability metrics for software in safety critical systems (2016)

Safety critical systems often rely on hardware only solutions because there exist well-established, consistent, repeatable processes for measuring hardware reliability. But as systems become more complex, incorporating software into safety critical systems is an attractive option. Previously we demonstrated a method to specify provably correct software modules for use in hardware/software safety critical systems. However, there is still a need to develop techniques to demonstrate software reliabilty using metrics comparable to those available for hardware. The method that we present here demonstrates a testing and error recording process that can support a software reliability metric comparable to hardware reliability metrics in strength and repeatability. We also describe a proposed set of standard benchmarks which can be used to help evaluate software reliability measurement processes.
Topical Acetazolamide and Methazolamide Delivered by Contact Lenses (1985)

Topical acetazolamide has been previously found to be ineffective in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Using high-water-content soft contact lenses (Sauflon PW) soaked in acetazolamide, we observed a statistically significant ipsilateral decrease in IOP of 6.3 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in the treated eyes of albino rabbits. The duration of the effect was up to 7 1/2 hours. Methazolamide-soaked contact lenses produced a maximum unilateral reduction of similar magnitude but shorter duration. Both serum and aqueous humor analyses for pH, carbon dioxide pressure, bicarbonate, and base excess indicate that acetazolamide delivered by soft contact lenses is able to penetrate the cornea in sufficient concentration to lower IOP by a local mechanism in rabbits without significant systemic absorption.