gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound phased arrays for prostate treatment (2001)

The effect of array geometry on the steering performance of ultrasound phased arrays is examined theoretically, in order to maximize array performance under the given anatomical constraints. This paper evaluates the performance of arrays with spherical and cylindrical geometry, determined by using computer simulations of the pressure fields produced at various extremes of steering. The spherical segment arrays were truncated for insertion into the rectum, and contained either annular or linear elements. The cylindrical arrays were either flat or had a variable curvature applied along their length. Fields were computed by dividing the array elements into many point sources. The effectiveness of an array configuration when steered to a particular focal location was assessed by defining a parameter, G, as the ratio of the intensity at the desired focus to the maximum intensity of any unwanted lobes. The performance of truncated spherical arrays with annular elements was evaluated for focal steering along the array axis (in depth, in the z direction). When steered 15 mm toward the source, these truncated spherical annular arrays exhibited excellent performance, with G>5.7 for arrays containing more than 10 elements. Similarly, the spherical arrays with linear elements performed well when steered along the array axis to the same degree, with G>7 (for element widths up to 3 lambda), though many more array elements were required. However, when these arrays were steered 15 mm laterally, along the length of the prostate (the y direction), the value for G fell below 1 for element widths greater than about 1.6 lambda. It was found that the cylindrical arrays performed much better for y-direction steering (G>4, for 60 mm arrays with an element width of 1.75 lambda), but their performance was poorer when steered in the z direction (G approximately 4 for an element width of 1.5 lambda). In order to find a compromise between these extremes, a curved cylindrical array was examined, which was a cylindrical array with additional curvature along its length. These curved cylindrical arrays yielded performance between that of spherical linear arrays and cylindrical arrays, with better steering along the y direction than the spherical arrays and better z-direction steering than the cylindrical arrays.
Preparation of graphene oxide and its application in Ni2+ removal (2016)

Graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared by the modified Hummers method using graphite as starting material. The product was studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses. Adsorption capacity of GO for heavy metal ions was studied for the example of the Ni2+ ions and the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm were determined. It was shown that the adsorption equilibrium curves are adequately described by the Langmuir equation.
Research on International Comparison of Accounting of Mergers——Based on the Perspective of Common Control (2011)

Mergers under common control take place frequently in many countries.However,there haven't existed any unambiguous or internationally accepted accounting regulations until now.Scope exemption in merger standards or related regulation absence leads to wide differences in accounting practice of various countries.The differences reflect diversified understandings and recognitions about underlying economics,market efficiency,fair value and accounting theories.
Combined Cancer Therapy: Strategies to Overcome Acquired Aromatase Inhibitor Resistance (2014)

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have become one of the mainstays of treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptorpositive breast cancer. However, acquired resistance to treatment continues to be a significant clinical challenge. There is increasing evidence from preclinical studies that activation of growth factor signaling pathways, as well as cross-talk between these pathways and estrogen receptor-alpha signaling pathways are important mechanisms that contribute to AI resistance. These preclinical studies have been the foundation for multiple randomized clinical trials that have evaluated combination targeted therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. While the clinical benefit observed in these trials has been variable, the preclinical studies were successful in predicting clinical outcomes. This review focuses on mechanisms of acquired AI resistance and describes preclinical studies that have evaluated combination targeted therapy to overcome AI resistance, as well as clinical trials that have translated this information to the clinical setting.
Field verification of acoustic Doppler surface gravity wave measurements (1991)

A compact acoustic Doppler current meter, designed for nearshore surface gravity wave measurements, was field tested by comparison to a colocated array of pressure transducers. Both measurement systems were bottom mounted in a water depth of 7 m. Each of four acoustic beams, inclined 45° from vertical, measures the alongbeam velocity at a single range (1 m) about 1.5 m above the seafloor. These four velocity beams are used to estimate low‐order moments of the frequency‐directional wave spectrum and are compared to pressure measurements on four occasions. Predictions of the (nondirectional) bottom pressure spectrum at sea and swell frequencies (0.04–0.30 Hz), based on the velocity measurements and linear theory, are in excellent agreement with directly measured pressure. The general level of agreement (gain errors less than 5%) is somewhat better than results reported from similar (but spanning a much wider range of conditions ) intercomparison studies using conventional in situ current meters. Observed cross spectra between colocated pressure and horizontal velocity components, frequently used to separate turbulence and wave orbital velocities (assuming that the coherence of wave velocity and pressure is equal to 1), are compared to predictions based on the pressure array data and linear wave theory. The observed and predicted pressure‐velocity cross spectra are in excellent agreement and show that large coherence reductions can occur in natural wind waves owing to wave directional spreading effects, despite relatively low turbulence energy levels. Wave radiation stresses, estimated from the velocity measurements, also agree well with estimates extracted from the pressure array data. Overall, the intercomparisons show that the present acoustic Doppler system has directional resolution comparable to a pitch‐and‐roll buoy, and they suggest that higher‐order directional information as well as weak nonlinear properties of natural wind waves may be examined with a slightly modified compact system.
Occurrence of reproductive disorders in pig herds with and withoutChlamydia suisinfection – statistical analysis of breeding parameters (2018)

Chlamydiae are frequently encountered Gram-negative intracellular eubacteria that can cause clear manifestations or clinically asymptomatic disorders. C. suis and other chlamydia are primarily isolated in cases of reproductive disorders. This study was performed to estimate the impact of Chlamydia suis infection on reproduction in sows by analyzing reproduction rates and breeding parameters. The test was conducted on first generation (F1) pigs from Polish Landrace (PL) × Polish Large White (PLW). Sixty-four herds were investigated and 500 vaginal swabs were collected. Isolation of DNA was carried out directly from the swabs. All samples were analyzed for Chlamydia suis by real-time PCR with a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-containing probe. To analyze the impact of chlamydia infection on reproductive parameters, evaluation questionnaires were used. Reproductive problems were found in 77.3% of the farms tested. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that in the farms with 10 up to 120 sows, there were higher reproductive problems with chlamydia infection than in smaller and bigger pig farms. The most common problems were estrus repetition, which was reported by 57.81% of the surveyed farms, and the birth of dead piglets, which was reported by 31.25% of the investigated pig farms. Abortions, which were reported by 28.12% of the surveyed farms, were the least common reproductive disorders.
WEC prototype advancement with consideration of a real-time damage accumulation algorithm (2011)

Machine maintenance and repair is not a trivial issue when it comes to renewable energy devices. It has been said that one of the most important factors in enhancing the marketability of wind energy is to cut its overall maintenance costs, which is about 10% - 20% of the overall cost of energy. The average maintenance and repair costs of ocean wave energy devices are yet to be determined, but it may be higher than wind energy. The harsh ocean environment, repeated cycling of the drive train, coastal storms, environmental concerns, loss of revenue due to long periods of machine downtime, safety issues concerning technicians working on the buoy while it's still in operation, and so forth, all add to the maintenance and repair costs of a WEC (Wave Energy Converter). This study proposes a unique damage accumulation prediction algorithm that enables real-time determination of bearing fatigue life.
From visual data exploration to visual data mining: A survey (2003)

We survey work on the different uses of graphical mapping and interaction techniques for visual data mining of large data sets represented as table data. Basic terminology related to data mining, data sets, and visualization is introduced. Previous work on information visualization is reviewed in light of different categorizations of techniques and systems. The role of interaction techniques is discussed, in addition to work addressing the question of selecting and evaluating visualization techniques. We review some representative work on the use of information visualization techniques in the context of mining data. This includes both visual data exploration and visually expressing the outcome of specific mining algorithms. We also review recent innovative approaches that attempt to integrate visualization into the DM/KDD process, using it to enhance user interaction and comprehension.
Figure S6 from Heme Oxygenase-1 Controls an HDAC4-miR-206 Pathway of Oxidative Stress in Rhabdomyosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of eRMS (RD) and aRMS (RH5, RH18, RH28) cell lines cultured under standard conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
Zone state revocation for DNSSEC (2007)

DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) are designed to add cryptographic protection to the Internet's name resolution service. However the current design lacks a key revocation mechanism. In this paper we present Zone State Revocation (ZSR), a lightweight and backward compatible enhancement to DNSSEC. ZSR enables zones to explicitly revoke keys using self-certifying certificates, and enables DNS name-servers to opportunistically inform distributed caching resolvers of key revocations via lightweight control messages. Further, ZSR allows resolvers to distinguish between legitimate key changes and potential attacks when authentication chains are broken. ZSR is designed to work well with global-scale DNS operations, where millions of caches may need to be informed of a revocation, and where time is critical.
Microstress relaxation effect of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films with thicknesses for micro/nanopiezoelectric device (2010)

In this study, we analyzed the microstress of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) films using Raman spectrum and the macrostress using the wafer curvature method. Based on the stress analysis, we also determined the relationship between the residual stress and piezoelectric properties. We found that a thickness of 1 μm was critical since the stress relaxation starts due to surface roughening. Similarly, the film thickness dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient had saturation values around 1 μm, where the preferred orientation started to change from (111) to (110), indicating that the piezoelectric response was related to the stress relaxation with a preferred orientation change.
The Economical, Political and Sociological Environment (2001)

The prelims comprise: Dependence on Oil and Gas Markets Legal Restrictions and Policy Making Lobbying of Interest Groups Image Problems and Acceptance in Society
Chemistry‐Performance Relationships of Polymer Gel‐Electrolytes for Mg−S and Li−S Batteries: Influence of Network Cation Solvation Capacity on Polymer‐Polysulfide Interactions (2022)

Metal-sulfur batteries are a promising next-generation energy storage technology, offering high theoretical energy densities with low cost and good sustainability. An active area of research is the development of electrolytes that address unwanted migration of sulfur and intermediate species known as polysulfides during operation of metal-sulfur batteries, a phenomenon that leads to low energy efficiency and short life-spans. A particular class of electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes, are especially attractive for their ability to repel polysulfides on the basis of structure, electrostatics, and other polymer properties. Herein, within the context of magnesium- and lithium-sulfur batteries, we investigate the impact of gel polymer electrolyte cation solvation capacity, a property related to network dielectric constant and chemistry, on sulfur/polysulfide-polymer interactions, an understudied property-performance relationship. Polymers with lower cation solvation capacity are found to permanently absorb less polysulfide active material, which increases sulfur utilization for Li-S batteries and significantly increases charge efficiency and life-span for Li-S and Mg-S batteries.
Viramidine, a Prodrug of Ribavirin, Shows Better Liver-Targeting Properties and Safety Profiles Than Ribavirin in Animals (2003)

Ribavirin, part of the current first line combination therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, may cause haemolytic anaemia and poses a significant challenge to the clinical management of the disease. Viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, is currently under development. In-vitro partition demonstrated that viramidine had less association with RBCs than ribavirin in rat, monkey and man, and thus has less liability for haemolytic anaemia than ribavirin. In a whole body autoradiography study in rats following oral dosing (30 mg/kg) of [14C]ribavirin or [14C]viramidine to monkeys, viramidine produced 32% higher radioactivity in the liver than ribavirin, indicating a better liver-targeting properties. In portal vein-cannulated cynomolgus monkeys following single oral dosing (30 mg/kg) of [3H]viramidine or [3H]ribavirin, viramidine retained 3X higher radioactivity in the liver than ribavirin. Viramidine dosing also produced a higher viramidine to ribavirin ratio in portal plasma than in systemic plasma, indicating that the liver was the main site for the viramidine conversion to ribavirin and subsequent trapping of the drug. After multiple oral dosing (10 mg/kg) of [14C]ribavirin or [14C]viramidine to monkey, viramidine yielded three times the drug level in the liver but only half in RBCs compared to ribavirin. Viramidine and ribavirin had comparable toxicity profiles in a 28-day toxicity study in rats. In contrast, viramidine had much better safety profiles than ribavirin in a 28-day toxicity study in monkeys. In conclusion, viramidine has better liver-targeting properties and safety profiles than ribavirin in animals.
Quantitative Real-time Catheter-based Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Mice (2007)

The authors have developed and implemented a method for quantitative real-time catheter-based fluorescence imaging that resolves NIR signal dependence on changes in catheter position.
Expedient Synthesis of 3-Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives (1993)

Abstract A direct synthesis of 3-aryl-3-substituted propionic esters and amides is described starting from Meldrum's acid, dimedone or 4-hydroxycoumarin and an aldehyde.
Synthesis of 11-Desoxy-8-azaprostaglandin E2 (1977)

Abstract In a recent communication DeKoning2 and co-workers reported the synthesis of 11-desoxy-8-aza-PGE2. We would like to report an alternative synthetic route to 8-aza-PGE2 9a and 8-aza-15-epi-PGE2 9b utilizing an oxazolidine intermediate as depicted below.
Targeting Tumor‐Associated Exosomes with Integrin‐Binding Peptides (2017)

All cells expel a variety of nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, with composition reflecting the cells' biological state. Cancer pathology is dramatically mediated by EV trafficking via key proteins, lipids, metabolites, and microRNAs. Recent proteomics evidence suggests that tumor-associated exosomes exhibit distinct expression of certain membrane proteins, rendering those proteins as attractive targets for diagnostic or therapeutic application. Yet, it is not currently feasible to distinguish circulating EVs in complex biofluids according to their tissue of origin or state of disease. Here we demonstrate peptide binding to tumor-associated EVs via overexpressed membrane protein. We find that SKOV-3 ovarian tumor cells and their released EVs express α<sub>3</sub>β<sub>1</sub> integrin, which can be targeted by our in-house cyclic nonapeptide, LXY30. After measuring bulk SKOV-3 EV association with LXY30 by flow cytometry, Raman spectral analysis of laser-trapped single exosomes with LXY30-dialkyne conjugate enabled us to differentiate cancer-associated exosomes from non-cancer exosomes. Furthermore, we introduce the foundation for a highly specific detection platform for tumor-EVs in solution with biosensor surface-immobilized LXY30. LXY30 not only exhibits high specificity and affinity to α<sub>3</sub>β<sub>1</sub> integrin-expressing EVs, but also reduces EV uptake into SKOV-3 parent cells, demonstrating the possibility for therapeutic application.
Person Re-identification for Improved Multi-person Multi-camera Tracking by Continuous Entity Association (2017)

We present a novel approach to person tracking within the context of entity association. In large-scale distributed multi-camera systems, person re-identification is a challenging computer vision task as the problem is two-fold: detecting entities through identification and recognition techniques; and connecting entities temporally by associating them in often crowded environments. Since tracking essentially involves linking detections, we can reformulate it purely as a re-identification task. The inherent advantage of such a reformulation lies in the ability of the tracking algorithm to effectively handle temporal discontinuities in multi-camera environments. To accomplish this, we model human appearance, face biometric and location constraints across cameras. We do not make restrictive assumptions such as number of people in a scene. Our approach is validated by using a simple and efficient inference algorithm. Results on two publicly available datasets, CamNeT and DukeMTMC, are significantly better compared to other existing methods.
IoT-based Multimodal Analysis for Smart Education: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities (2022)

IoT-based multimodal learning analytics promises to obtain an in-depth understanding of the learning process. It provides the insights for not only the explicit learning indicators but also the implicit attributes of learners, based on which further potential learning support can be timely provided in both physical and cyber world accordingly. In this paper, we present a systematic review of the existing studies for examining the empirical evidences on the usage of IoT data in education and the capabilities of multimodal analysis to provide useful insights for smarter education. In particular, we classify the multimodal data into four categories based on the data sources (data from digital, physical, physiological and environmental spaces). Moreover, we propose a concept framework for better understanding the current state of the filed and summarize the insights into six main themes (learner behavior understanding, learner affection computing, smart learning environment, learning performance prediction, group collaboration modeling and intelligent feedback) based on the objectives for intelligent learning. The associations between different combinations of data modalities and various learning indicators are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions are also presented from three aspects.
Selective virtual capacitive impedance loop for harmonic voltage compensation in islanded MicroGrids (2013)

Parallel inverters having LCL output filters cause voltage distortions at the point of common coupling (PCC) in islanded microgrids when non-linear loads are present. A capacitive virtual impedance loop could be used to provide selective harmonic compensation in islanded microgrids, instead of introducing additional active or passive filters into the system that could compromise the stability of the microgrid. However, the performance of these compensation loops becomes degraded when a virtual resistance is introduced with the aim to improve the overall stability of the parallel inverters. With the capacitive virtual impedance, there is effectively a compromise between the additional stability provided by the virtual resistance and the harmonic compensation due to the virtual capacitance. This paper focuses on overcoming this limitation of the capacitive virtual impedance with additional virtual resistance for selective harmonic compensation in islanded microgrids. Simulation results were given to show the suitability of the proposed algorithms in reducing the voltage harmonics at the PCC.
Effect of Spark-Ignition on Combustion Periods during Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition (2009)

Previous works employed pressure-based heat release analysis, spark-discharge current/voltage measurements, and cycle-resolved combustion imaging to identify four periods of stratified-charge spark-assisted compression ignition: spark discharge, early kernel growth (EKG), flame propagation, and compression ignition. While it was found that variability in the EKG, and not the spark discharge, influenced combustion phasing, the influence of the spark discharge on the EKG could not be assessed because the imaging system was incapable of recording both the spark discharge and the flame development from the same cycle. This limitation has been overcome here by recording images of both the spark discharge and combustion chemiluminescence during each engine cycle. Additionally, the spark discharge plasmas were recorded from two nearly-orthogonal views to assure that out-of-plane excursions were measured; such are not available from a single view. The results in this study demonstrate that the spark discharge event was not deterministic of the EKG. Circumstantial evidence is given to suggest that the fuel/air distribution and velocity at the spark plug dominate the EKG period variability, though this could not be confirmed definitively.
Confirmation of Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease by Immunohistochemistry (2006)

Cheuk, W MB, BS; Chan, Amanda K C BSc; Wong, Manson C K BSc; Chan, John K C MB, BS Author Information