gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of frequency-dependent absorption on the propagation and attenuation of high-intensity acoustic waves containing shocks (1995)

Shock waves used in extracorporeal lithotripsy and ultrasonic surgery are greatly influenced by thermoviscous losses in the tissue. The influence of the frequency dependence of the absorption coefficient on nonlinear wave distortion and energy attenuation has not been investigated in detail up to now. For absorption frequency dependence other than quadratic, the corresponding nonlinear evolution equation is often complicated and thus frequency domain methods are more effective. The presence of the shock, however, makes this analysis time consuming due to the large number of spectral components needed in the numerical calculation. To avoid this complexity, a semianalytical method that enables calculations with relatively few harmonic components is used. Propagation in media with various power law absorption is considered. It is shown that energy attenuation of an initially sinusoidal wave in a medium with linear power law absorption is quite similar with that in a medium with quadratic power law absorption, even though the waveforms are quite different. The effect of selective absorption of a certain harmonic component is also investigated. It is shown that second harmonic selective absorption does not prevent shock formation, but results in much less energy attenuation over large distances. [Work supported by NIH, FIRCA, and RFFI.]
Instrumented footwear inserts: A new tool for measuring forces and biomechanical state changes during dynamic movements (2017)

Lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries are a pervasive problem in the population and military, especially during basic training where load bearing bones and joints are repeatedly subjected to aggressive movements and high forces. The ability to measure these elements is critical to acquisition decisions affecting or influencing cumulative load carriage of the individual Marine/Warfighter. These data might also serve as a critical enabler for prevention of training injuries and development of more quantitative training procedures that focus on mobility and agility. It has been inherently difficult to acquire this data outside of the laboratory in a robust and repeatable way. Herein, we report the construction and testing of a measurement system packaged within a shoe insert that is capable of measuring forces, accelerations, rotations and elevation changes. The ability to take these measurements in a mobile system facilitates new environments to monitor complex biomechanical actions without compromising natural gait rhythms. This can result in new methods for monitoring changes to gait and also help with rehabilitation strategies.
Intermolecular Nonbonded Contact Distances in Organic Crystal Structures: Comparison with Distances Expected from van der Waals Radii (1996)

The conclusions derived from systematic analyses of intermolecular contact distances in organic crystals may be affected by the values assumed for van der Waals radii. The most widely used tabulations of van der Waals radii date back 30 years or more. Moreover, many of the tabulated values were chosen to reproduce volumes, not contact distances in crystals. Literally millions of nonbonded contact distances have been characterized by crystallography since the tabulations were compiled. A study has therefore been performed to establish the degree of consistency between these accumulated crystallographic data and the van der Waals radii of the common nonmetallic elements, as compiled by Pauling and Bondi. For halogens and sulfur, the results show a remarkable agreement between observed contact distances and the Bondi radii. Agreement is slightly less good for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, but discrepancies are still only about 0.05 Å. However, there is a significant difference for hydrogen, where the Bondi value of 1.2 Å is probably too high by about 0.1 Å.
Gd-based protein cage nanoparticles provide enhanced r1 relaxivity and detect experimental atherosclerosis (2011)

Develop a highly sensitive T1 contrast agent based on chemically attaching a multitude of chelated Gd molecules constrained within a protein cage structure.
Performance Enhancement of Extended AFDX via Bandwidth Reservation for TSN/BLS Shapers (2018)

To support mixed-criticality applications, the AFDX may integrate multiple traffic classes: Safety-Critical Traffic (SCT) with hard real-time constraints, Rate-Constrained (RC) traffic requiring bounded latencies and Best Effort (BE) traffic with no delivery constraints. These traffic classes are managed based on a Non-Preemptive Strict Priority (NP-SP) Scheduler, where the highest priority traffic (SCT) is shaped with a Burst Limiting Shaper (BLS). The latter has been defined by the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group to limit the impact of high priority flows on lower priority ones. This paper proposes two bandwidth reservation methods for BLS shapers in AFDX networks. The proposed methods are evaluated on a realistic AFDX configuration. Results show their efficiency to noticeably enhance the RC delay bounds and the SCT schedulability, in comparison to an intuitive method.
Using unfoldings in automated testing of multithreaded programs (2012)

In multithreaded programs both environment input data and the nondeterministic interleavings of concurrent events can affect the behavior of the program. One approach to systematically explore the nondeterminism caused by input data is dynamic symbolic execution. For testing multithreaded programs we present a new approach that combines dynamic symbolic execution with unfoldings, a method originally developed for Petri nets but also applied to many other models of concurrency. We provide an experimental comparison of our new approach with existing algorithms combining dynamic symbolic execution and partial-order reductions and show that the new algorithm can explore the reachable control states of each thread with a significantly smaller number of test runs. In some cases the reduction to the number of test runs can be even exponential allowing programs with long test executions or hard-to-solve constrains generated by symbolic execution to be tested more efficiently.
Atrophy of the Left Lobe of the Liver and Anomalous Hepatic Vessel in a Patient with Yunis-Varon Syndrome (1999)

Yunis-Varon syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is characterized by facial and digit anomalies. This report describes a young woman with clinical features of this syndrome, atrophy of the left lobe of the liver, and a vascular anomaly. Liver abnormalities have not been described as features of this rare syndrome.
High Efficiency and Enantioselectivity in the Rh‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids Using Monodentate Phosphoramidites. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exact Diffusion-Induced Elastic Fields of a Spherical Core-Shell Nano-Electrode Li-Ion Battery via Spectral Theory (2020)

In Li-ion batteries the interface between the nano-size spherical core graphite and its surrounding solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, just inside SEI is susceptible to damage. Thus, accurate determination of the associated elastic fields is one of the challenges in optimizing the lifetime and capacity of Li-ion batteries. The required precision is achieved by considering the core graphite which belongs to the crystal class D 6 h as homogeneous spherically isotropic and SEI layer as functionally graded (FG) isotropic material. Moreover, to account for the surface/interface effects appropriately the core-shell nano-structure subjected to the diffusion-induced time-dependent nonuniform eigenstrain field under galvanostatic operation is formulated within surface elasticity theory. Then the exact analytical solution is given via spectral theory. Significant differences between the surface elasticity solutions and those of classical elasticity specially within the SEI layer, reveal the importance of using surface elasticity theory. It is shown that the distribution of the Li-ion concentration and pertinent diffusion-induced stresses are strongly affected by different modes of charging: normal charging, fast charging and low diffusivity. The von Mises criterion and the single-mode delamination fracture criterion are utilized to predict the time to failure of the interface between the core graphite- SEI layer and delamination initiation, respectively.
Interplay between PMD and Nonlinearity in 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK Transmission with Co-propagating 10.7 Gb/s NRZ Channels (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate interplay between PMD and nonlinearity in 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK signal transmission with 10.7 Gb/s NRZ neighbors can have both positive and negative impact depending on channel spacing and fiber launched power.
Multi-scale anomaly detection in complex dynamic networks (2013)

Graphs arise naturally in a wide range of disciplines and applications since they capture the association between entities of a complex network. Recently, there has been an interest in time-evolving or dynamic graphs which can capture the change in the relational information across time. One important problem of interest in dynamic graphs is to detect the changes or anomalies in graph structure across time and identify the edges that conribute to these anomalies. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale analysis of dynamic graphs based on the Wavelet Packet Decomposition to separate the transient edge activity from the stationary background activity. Modeling the wavelet packet coefficients using a Gaussian Mixture Model, we derive a Neyman Pearson detector to identify anomalous edges both in time and space. Experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the method for both simulated and real dynamic networks.
Surface Self‐Assembly of Hydrogen‐Bonded Frameworks (2021)

The use of intermolecular hydrogen bonds to create two-dimensional arrays on surfaces is discussed. In particular, the supramolecular synthon strategy, is described which in principle allows the rational design and synthesis of hydrogen-bonded arrays and frameworks. The success or otherwise of using this approach is discussed, and remarkable examples of porous frameworks capable of trapping guest molecules, as well as complex and intricate design strategies that lead to tiling assemblies, are explored. Ultimately, the successful implementation of the supramolecular synthon strategy using hydrogen bonds is demonstrated, coupled with an appreciation of the complexity of energetic preferences during the self-assembly process.
Honors Student Perceptions of Self-Directed Learning: When Teacher Becomes Facilitator (2013)

This essay presents various perspectives about honors work among first- and second-year students as they proposed and completed independent, open-ended projects in BritishLiterature— I and British Literature— II.
Zero-field spin splitting and spin lifetime inn−InSb∕In1−xAlxSbasymmetric quantum well heterostructures (2008)

The spin-orbit (SO) coupling parameters for the lowest conduction subband due to structural inversion asymmetry (SIA) and bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) are calculated for a range of carrier densities in [001]-grown $\ensuremath{\delta}$-doped $n$-type $\mathrm{In}\mathrm{Sb}∕{\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$ quantum wells using the established eight-band $\mathbit{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbit{p}$ formalism [J. Deng et al., Phys. Rev. B 59, R5312 (1999)]. We present calculations for conditions of zero bias at $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. It is shown that both the SIA and BIA parameters scale approximately linearly with carrier density, and exhibit a marked dependence on well width when alloy composition is adjusted to allow maximum upper barrier height for a given well width. In contrast to other material systems, the BIA contribution to spin splitting is found to be of significant and comparable value to the SIA mechanism in these structures. We calculate the spin lifetime ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s[1\overline{1}0]}$ for spins oriented along $[1\overline{1}0]$ based on D'yakonov--Perel' mechanism using both the theory of Averkiev et al. [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14, R271 (2002)] and also directly the rate of precession of spins about the effective magnetic field, taking into account all three SO couplings, which show good agreement. ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s[1\overline{1}0]}$ is largest in the narrowest wells over the range of moderate carrier densities considered, which is attributed to the reduced magnitude of the $k$-cubic BIA parameter in narrow wells. The inherently large BIA induced SO coupling in these systems is shown to have considerable effect on ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s[1\overline{1}0]}$, which exhibits significant reduction in the maximum spin lifetime compared to previous studies that consider systems with relatively weak BIA induced SO coupling. The relaxation rate of spins oriented in the [001] direction is found to be dominated by the $k$-linear SIA and BIA coupling parameters and at least an order of magnitude greater than in the $[1\overline{1}0]$ direction.
Supporting troubleshooting in machine and plant manufacturing by backstepping of PLC-control software (2020)

Inreasingly flexible production systems realize functions using a combination of versatile sensors and actuators with complex control software. Hence, quality control of software and debugging of sporadic and difficult to find errors is becoming more and more expensive. Therefore a method to monitor and replay the behavious of the system would be highly beneficial. For the realization of a PLC-based "flight recorder" for machines or plants, technical as well as industrial requirements are analyzed. Interviews conducted in two representative machine and plant manufacturers allow the derivation of a comprehensive set of diverse use cases, which could be used as benchmark set for similar concepts in the future. Based on the use cases, two different concepts for the recorder functionality were developed, prototypically implemented, and tested according to the machine and plant manufacturers' requirements. New programming language elements, necessary for the implementation of this functionality like an operator to identify the actual running task and the possibility to control a code dump form within the program have already found their way into the public software development environment (IDE) of CODESYS. After an evaluation using a real laboratory plant, the concepts were iteratively improved. Finally, insights of remaining research challenges or beneficial future applications for the developed methods are given.
Novel engineered high performance sugar beetroot 2D nanoplatelet-cementitious composites (2019)

In this paper, we show for the first time that environmentally friendly nanoplatelets synthesized from sugar beetroot waste with surface area and hydroxyl functional groups similar to those of graphene oxide (GO) can be used to significantly enhance the performance of cementitious composites. A comprehensive experimental and numerical simulation study was carried out to examine the performance of the bio waste-derived 2D nanoplatelets (BNP) in cementitious composites. The experimental results revealed that the addition of BNPs decreased the workability of the cement pastes due to their high surface area and dominant hydrophilic functional groups. The experimental results also revealed that the BNP sheets altered the morphology of the hydration phases of the cementitious composites. At 0.20-wt%, the BNP sheets increased the content of the C-S-H gels. At higher concentrations (i.e., 0.40-wt% and 0.60-wt%), however, the BNP sheets increased the content of the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) products and altered their sizes and morphologies. The flexural results demonstrated that the 0.20-wt% BNPs produced the highest flexural strength and modulus elasticity and they were increased by 80% and 200%, respectively. The numerical simulations were in good agreement with the fracture test results. Both results showed that the 0.20-wt% BNPs optimal concentration significantly enhanced the fracture properties of the cementitious composite and produced mixed mode crack propagation as a failure mode compared to Mode I crack propagation for the plain cementitious composite due to combined crack bridging and crack deflection toughening mechanisms. Because of this, the fracture energy and the fracture toughness were increased by about 88% and 106%, respectively.
Second Messenger Systems in Paramecium (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Identification and characterization of cGMP and cAMP second messenger signaling systems in Paramecium Biochemical properties of an adenylyl cyclase A guanylyl cyclase disguised as an adenylyl cyclase On the way to an adenylyl cyclase with an intrinsic ion conductance Downstream of second messengers In vivo screening of bacterial secondary metabolites Acknowledgments References
Kernspintomographie in der Materialforschung. Die NMR‐Maus (1997)

Abstract Während die Kernspintomographie in der medizinischen Diagnostik einen festen Platz hat, ist ihr Einsatz in der Materialforschung noch relativ unbekannt. Dennoch bietet sie im Bereich der Kunststoffe und des Stofftransports vielfältige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und kann zusätzliche Information zu etablierten Methoden der zerstörungs‐freien Materialprüfung liefern [1]. An dem neu eingerichteten Zentrum für Magnetische Resonanz der RWTH‐Aachen wurde ein Oberflächenscanner entwickelt, mit denen sich Materialeigenschaften von Kunststoffprodukten in oberflächennahen Bereichen bestimmen lassen [2].
Thermal management with and without servo-controlled system in preterm infants immediately after birth: a multicentre, randomised controlled study (2021)

NCT03844204.
Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (2001)

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is responsible for significant morbidity and health expenditure. Doppler ultrasound techniques provide a noninvasive method for identifying structural and functional abnormalities associated with CVI; this information then allows treatment options to be considered. Ultrasound allows clear identification of specific venous segments and provides information on the patency of these segments, the presence or absence of reflux, perforator veins, collateral channels, or patterns of recurrence after surgery. Techniques for the assessment of the lower limb veins are described, as are the techniques for the elicitation and quantification of reflux.
Predation on free‐ranging poultry by mammalian and avian predators: field loss estimates in a French rural area (2002)

International audience
Investigating embryonic head formation using a novel model organism (2005)

Studies in the vinegar1 fly Drosophila melanogaster indicate that head development differs significantly from trunk formation, since anterior head segments lack pair rule and Hox gene activity. However, despite the belief that head segmentation mechanisms have been conserved during evolution, they have not been identified in any organism so far. Due to the headless appearance of a fly maggot, Drosophila does not easily lend itself to the study of embryonic head development. To identify genes crucial to head segmentation, we are therefore currently isolating and functionally characterizing homologous candidate genes in two different arthropod species, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis. Moreover, we aim to identify head-specific genes in an unbiased manner by a transposon mutagenesis screen in Tribolium. Since head structures of insects and crustaceans can be easily compared to each other, these analyses will enable us to draw conclusions on the evolution of head development over a period of about 450 million years.
Rapid and reliable fluorescent cycle sequencing of double-stranded templates (1992)

Automated DNA sequencing is an extremely valuable technique which requires very high quality DNA templates to be carried out successfully. While it has been possible to readily produce large numbers of such templates from M13 or other single-stranded vectors for several years, the sequencing of double-stranded DNA templates using the ABI 373 DNA Sequencer has had a considerably lower success rate. We describe how the combination of a new fluorescent, dideoxy sequencing method, called cycle-sequencing, coupled with modifications to template isolation procedures based on Qiagen columns, makes fluorescent sequencing of double-stranded templates a reliable procedure. From a single five milliliter culture enough DNA can be isolated (up to 20 micrograms) to do 4-8 sequencing reactions, each of which yields 400-500 bases of high quality sequence data. These procedures make the routine use of double-stranded DNA templates a viable strategy in automated DNA sequencing projects.
Non-stationary Gaussian signal classification (2002)

We present a new non-stationary signal classification algorithm based on a time-frequency distribution and multiple hypothesis testing. The time-frequency distribution is used to construct a time-dependent quadratic discriminant function. At selected points in time we evaluate the discriminant function and form a set of statistics which are used to test multiple hypotheses. We show that the statistics are linear combinations of chi square random variables with constant coefficients and hence are not normally distributed. The multiple hypotheses are treated simultaneously using the generalised sequentially rejective Bonferroni test to control the probability of incorrect classification of one class.
Locus Coeruleus-Pineal Melatonin Interactions and the Pathogenesis of the “On-Off” Phenomenon Associated with Mood Changes and Sensory Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (1989)

The "on-off" phenomenon has been reported to occur in more than 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease after 5 years of treatment with levodopa. Several recent studies have reported an association between the "on-off" phenomenon, concurrent mood changes and sensory symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. In these reports, "off" was associated with exacerbation of depression, anxiety and sensory symptoms, while "on" was accompanied by normalization of mood with occasional elation and attenuation in the severity of the sensory symptoms. These observations suggest that the biological mechanisms of the "on-off" interact with mechanisms regulating mood and sensory functions. The "on-off" phenomenon may be related to primary degenerative changes in the locus coeruleus (LC). The emergence of mood changes and sensory symptoms associated with the "on-off" may be facilitated by deregulation of LC-pineal melatonin functions. Administration of noradrenergic agents may be beneficial in attenuating the severity of the motor dyskinesias of the "on-off" while serotonergic drugs alone or in combination with melatonin-release enhancing agents may be useful in the management of the mood changes and sensory symptoms.