gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Updates in anterior lamellar keratoplasty: the state of the debates (2016)

Introduction: Deep and Superficial anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK and SALK, respectively) are rapidly replacing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) as the treatments of choice for anterior corneal disorders worldwide. Nevertheless, significant disagreements remain which encompass nearly every aspect of both operations and whether there are better alternatives.Areas covered: Here, we perform a comprehensive literature review of all articles published in the English language, indexed on Pubmed, and within the past 5 years on the subject of ‘anterior lamellar keratoplasty.’ From these articles, the most salient disputes are enumerated and presented.Expert commentary: Presently, there is no consensus in the areas of graft preparation, instrumentation, or operative technique for DALK/SALK. As new evidence emerges, these debates may be clarified, or – instead – merely forgotten, as alternative surgical techniques arise to supplant ALK entirely.
Cholesterol-Induced Hepatic Inflammation Does Not Underlie the Predisposition to Insulin Resistance in Dyslipidemic Female LDL Receptor Knockout Mice (2015)

Chronic inflammation is considered a causal risk factor predisposing to insulin resistance. However, evidence is accumulating that inflammation confined to the liver may not be causal to metabolic dysfunction. To investigate this, we assessed if hepatic inflammation explains the predisposition towards insulin resistance in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (Ldlr (-/-)) mice. For this, wild type (WT) and Ldlr (-/-) mice were fed a chow diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or a high fat, high cholesterol (HFC) diet for 2 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were elevated in chow-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Although short-term HF or HFC feeding did not result in body weight gain and adipose tissue inflammation, dyslipidemia was worsened in Ldlr (-/-) mice compared to WT mice. In addition, dyslipidemic HF-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice had a higher hepatic glucose production rate than HF-fed WT mice, while peripheral insulin resistance was unaffected. This suggests that HF-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice suffered from hepatic insulin resistance. While HFC-fed Ldlr (-/-) mice displayed the anticipated increased hepatic inflammation, this did neither exacerbate systemic nor hepatic insulin resistance. Therefore, our results show that hepatic insulin resistance is unrelated to cholesterol-induced hepatic inflammation in Ldlr (-/-) mice, indicating that hepatic inflammation may not contribute to metabolic dysfunction per se.
A nonhelical, multiple β‐turn conformation in a glycine‐rich heptapeptide fragment of trichogin A IV containing a single central α‐aminoisobutyric acid residue (1995)

The conformational properties of the protected seven-residue C-terminal fragment of the lipopeptaibol antibiotic Trichogin A IV (Boc-Gly-Gly-Leu-Aib-Gly-Ile-Leu-OMe) has been examined in CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO by 1H-nmr. Evidence for a multiple beta-turn conformation [type I' at Gly(1)-Gly(2), type II at Leu(3)-Aib(4), and a type I' at Aib(4)-Gly(5)] suggests that Leu(3) has preferred an extended or semiextended conformation over a helical conformation in CDCl3. This structure is thus in contrast to earlier observations of seven-residue peptides containing a single central Aib preferring helical conformations in both solution and crystalline states. A structural transition to a frayed right-handed helix is observed in (CD3)2SO. These results suggest that nonhelical conformations may be important in Gly-rich peptides containing Aib. Further, the presence of amino acids with contradictory influences on backbone conformational freedom can lead to well-defined conformational transitions even in small peptides.
Decoding complex patterns of genomic rearrangement in hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Elucidating the molecular basis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial to developing targeted diagnostics and therapies for this deadly disease. The landscape of somatic genomic rearrangements (GRs), which can lead to oncogenic gene fusions, remains poorly characterized in HCC. We have predicted 4314 GRs including large-scale insertions, deletions, inversions and translocations based on the whole-genome sequencing data for 88 primary HCC tumor/non-tumor tissues. We identified chromothripsis in 5 HCC genomes (5.7%) recurrently affecting chromosomal arms 1q and 8q. Albumin (ALB) was found to harbor GRs, deactivating mutations and deletions in 10% of cohort. Integrative analysis identified a pattern of paired intra-chromosomal translocations flanking focal amplifications and asymmetrical patterns of copy number variation flanking breakpoints of translocations. Furthermore, we predicted 260 gene fusions which frequently result in aberrant over-expression of the 3' genes in tumors and validated 18 gene fusions, including recurrent fusion (2/88) of ABCB11 and LRP2.
Reducing food losses by intelligent food logistics (2014)

The need to feed an ever-increasing world population makes it obligatory to reduce the millions of tons of avoidable perishable waste along the food supply chain. A considerable share of these losses is caused by non-optimal cold chain processes and management. This Theme Issue focuses on technologies, models and applications to monitor changes in the product shelf life, defined as the time remaining until the quality of a food product drops below an acceptance limit, and to plan successive chain processes and logistics accordingly to uncover and prevent invisible or latent losses in product quality, especially following the first-expired-first-out strategy for optimized matching between the remaining shelf life and the expected transport duration. This introductory article summarizes the key findings of this Theme Issue, which brings together research study results from around the world to promote intelligent food logistics. The articles include three case studies on the cold chain for berries, bananas and meat and an overview of different post-harvest treatments. Further contributions focus on the required technical solutions, such as the wireless sensor and communication system for remote quality supervision, gas sensors to detect ethylene as an indicator of unwanted ripening and volatile components to indicate mould infections. The final section of this introduction discusses how improvements in food quality can be targeted by strategic changes in the food chain.
The Immunohistochemical Observation of Somatostatin-Like and Avian Pancreatic Polypeptide-Like Immunoreactivity in Certain Cellular Elements of Diabetic Lipodystrophic Skin (1985)

Somatostatin-like and avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivities were found to occur within certain cellular elements of the dermis of a patient having diabetic lipodystrophic skin lesions. No specific immunofluorescence could be seen in the epidermis.
Di‐μ‐sulfato‐μ‐hydroxo‐bis[triamminkobalt(III)]‐ und Di‐μ‐selenato‐μ‐hydroxo‐bis[triamminkobalt(III)]‐Komplexe (1971)

Abstract Darstellung und Eigenschaften der bisher nicht bekannten Di‐μ‐sulfato‐μ‐hydroxo‐birs[triamminkobalt(III)]‐, [Co 2 {(SO 4 ) 2 (OH)}(NH 3 ) 6 ] + , und Di‐μ‐selenato‐μ‐hydroxo‐bis[triamminkobalt(III)‐Komplexe. [Co 2 {(SeO 4 ) 2 (OH)}(NH 3 ) 6 ] + , werden beschrieben. Die Lichtabsorption im Siclitbaren, Ultraviolett und Ultrarol wird gemessen und diskutiert.
Efecto de la rigidez dinámica de bandas elásticas en el índice de reducción vibracional en un modelo a escala mediante holografía acústica de campo cercano (2009)

espanolUno de los cambios mas importantes que ha introducido el Documento Basico de Proteccion frente al Ruido se produce en la necesidad de instalar bandas de material elastico en las uniones para interrumpir la transmision de vibraciones en los encuentros de una particion con suelos, techos y otras particiones. La caracteristica acustica principal de estas laminas es la rigidez dinamica, en el DB-HR se consideran materiales adecuados para las bandas aquellos que tienen una rigidez dinamica, menor que 100 MN/m3 y para suelos flotantes menor que 30 MN/m3. Para evaluar las transmisiones por flancos se determina el indice de reduccion vibracional teorico segun la UNE-EN 12354. Para capas intermedias flexibles la mejora de la intercapa sobre la union rigida, se caracteriza por una frecuencia que depende del modulo de elasticidad, que indica la rigidez de un material, y del espesor del elemento flexible interpuesto. En este caso, las expresiones teoricas son validas para una relacion determinada entre el Modulo de Young y el espesor de la lamina interpuesta. En este trabajo se evalua la rigidez dinamica de bandas elasticas mediante un metodo inverso. Se obtiene el indice de reduccion vibracional mediante Holografia Acustica de Campo Cercano en un modelo a escala y se obtienen ajustes lineales que describen dicho comportamiento y permiten obtener un rango de valores de la rigidez dinamica de las bandas elasticas. EnglishThe Basic Document of protection against noise has introduced one changes very important in the need to install strips of elastic material in the junctions to interrupt the transmission of vibrations at the junctions of a partition with floor, ceiling and partitions . The main acoustic feature of these layers is the dynamic stiffness. At the DB-HR suitable materials for the bands who have a dynamic stiffness, less than 100 MN/m3 are considered, and for floating floors less than 30 MN/m3. To evaluate the flanking transmission, it is determined the the theoretical vibrational reduction index based on UNE-EN 12354. The improving of the interlayer on the rigid juntion, is characterized by a frequency dependent elastic modulus, which indicates the rigidity of the material, and of the thickness of the flexible element interposed. In this case, the theoretical expressions are valid for a certain relation between the Young's modulus and thickness of the layer. This paper evaluates the dynamic stiffness of elastic layers in juntions by an inverse method. Vibration reduction index is obtained by Nearfield Acoustic Holography in a scale model. Linear adjustments are obtained that describe the behavior and allow to obtain a range of dynamic stiffness of the elastic layers.
Transvaginal three‐dimensional ultrasound assessment of Sylvian fissures at 18–30 weeks' gestation (2018)

Assessment of the Sylvian fissure angles is highly reproducible. Sylvian fissure angle reference charts can serve as a screening tool for malformations of cortical development, guiding subsequent follow-up and referral for fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging and/or assessment by an expert neurosonologist. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Constitutive retinoid receptors expressed from adenovirus vectors that specifically activate chromosomal target genes required for differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia and teratocarcinoma cells (1996)

Sufficient knowledge of transcription factor structure and function has accumulated to allow attempts at the rational design of novel transcription factors for the study of gene regulation and potential application in gene therapy. In the present studies, we have systematically evaluated the function of chimeric retinoid receptors generated by fusion with the transactivation domain of VP16 and expression in adenovirus vectors. By varying the location of fusion of the VP16 transactivation domain with the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) or retinoid X receptor (RXR), marked differences in the specificity of gene activation were obtained. Although several chimeric proteins activated both RAR and RXR target genes, fusion of the NT16 transactivation domain to the N terminus of RAR permitted specific activation of reporter genes containing retinoic acid response elements. In contrast, fusion of the VP16 transactivation domain to the C terminus of RXR permitted specific activation of reporter genes containing RXR response elements. When tested for their ability to activate chromosomal targets, the chimera consisting of VP16 linked to the N terminus of PAR was much more active in promoting the differentiation of HL-60 cells and NTera-2 cells than the chimera consisting of VP16 linked to the C terminus of RXR. These observations support the existence of two distinct retinoid signalling pathways predicted on the basis of biochemical and pharmacologic studies and provide direct evidence that the programs of differentiation elicited by retinoic acid in these cells are mediated by a specific subset of binding sites for RAR-RXR heterodimers. VP16-RAR and VP16-RXR fusion proteins should be of further use in dissecting the relative contributions of RARs and RXRs to specific programs of gene expression. Constitutive retinoid receptors may also be considered for use as novel tumor suppressor genes for genetically based treatment of retinoid-responsive cancers.
ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2012)

Ergosterol is the predominant sterol of fungi and green algae. Although the biosynthetic pathway for sterol synthesis in fungi is well established and is known to use C24-methylation-C24 (28)-reduction ( 24(28) -olefi n pathway) steps, little is known about the sterol pathway in green algae. Previous work has raised the possibility that these algae might use a novel pathway because the green alga Chlamy- domonas reinhardtii was shown to possess a mevalonate-inde- pendent methylerythritol 4-phosphate not present in fungi. Here, we report that C. reinhardtii synthesizes the protos- terol cycloartenol and converts it to ergosterol (C24 - methyl) and 7-dehydroporiferasterol (C24 -ethyl) through a highly conserved sterol C24- methylation-C25-reduction ( 25(27)
Dynamic hub station selection (DHSS) protocol in wireless 1394 network (2004)

Hub station plays a vital role in wireless 1394 network in that it regulates all the other stations' communication and manages the system's resources. Being deployed in the home environment, the wireless 1394 hub station may be obstructed by human bodies or household equipment. It is critical to maintain an always operative hub station. In this work, we propose a DHSS (dynamic hub station selection) protocol that countermeasures the shadowing effect, ensuring a working network. Simulation results yield the fact that the proposed scheme not only can select an optimal (lowest cost) station functioning as a hub station but also can improve system's performance in terms of its quick recovery time in case of network change, higher packet delivery ratio and lower packet end-to-end delay.
Identification of Autocrine Growth Factors Secreted by CHO Cells for Applications in Single-Cell Cloning Media (2013)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are widely used for the expression of therapeutic recombinant proteins, including monoclonal antibodies and other biologics. For manufacturing, cells derived from a single-cell clone are typically used to ensure product consistency. Presently, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used to support low cell density cultures to obtain clonal cell populations because cells grow slowly, or even do not survive at low cell densities in protein-free media. However, regulatory authorities have discouraged the use of FBS to reduce the risk of contamination by adventitious agents from animal-derived components. In this study, we demonstrated how a complementary mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics strategy enabled the identification of autocrine growth factors in CHO cell-conditioned media, which has led to the development of a fully defined single-cell cloning media that is serum and animal component-free. Out of 290 secreted proteins that were identified, eight secreted growth factors were reported for the first time from CHO cell cultures. By supplementing a combination of these growth factors to protein-free basal media, single cell growth of CHO cells was improved with cloning efficiencies of up to 30%, a 2-fold improvement compared to unsupplemented basal media. Complementary effects of these autocrine growth factors with other paracrine growth factors were also demonstrated when the mixture improved cloning efficiency to 42%, similar to that for the conditioned medium.
Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Pretreated Lignin over Zeolite for the Production of Phenol (2017)

Abstract The catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignin for the production of phenols over commercial zeolites was studied in‐depth. The results show that the production of phenols depended on several parameters, such as lignin pretreatment methods, pyrolysis temperature, zeolite structure and acidity, pyrolysis time, and feed‐to‐catalyst weight ratio. Lignin pretreatments had a significant influence on the liquid‐product distribution. Hydrogen chloride pretreatment of lignin increased the depolymerization of the lignin matrix, resulting in an increase of the liquid yield, as well as the phenol fraction. High temperature (e.g., 650 °C) and a fast heating rate (20 °C ms −1 ) were required to depolymerize lignin and increase the yield of liquid products, and large‐pore‐size zeolites (e.g., FAU) with Si/Al of approximately 15 favored the formation of phenols. A long pyrolysis time (20 s) was also beneficial for phenol to desorb from the catalyst. The medium feed‐to‐catalyst weight ratio of approximately 1:1 prevented further conversion of phenols to deoxygenated products such as aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylene).
Treating hepatitis C in patients with hemoglobinopathies (2015)

Introduction: Patients with hemoglobinopathies and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are at high risk of developing severe liver disease. Anti-HCV therapies represent an important tool to modify the survival of these patients, since their life expectancy has significantly increased following the availability of iron chelation therapy. IFN-based regimens represented the standard of care before the recent approval of new direct antiviral agents. In 2009, the combination of pegylated (Peg)-IFN with ribavirin (RBV) replaced IFN monotherapy, leading to an improvement of therapy efficacy.Areas covered: We reviewed the available data published on patients with hemoglobinopathies and HCV chronic infection. Studies are heterogeneous, since patients with hemoglobinopathies underwent different anti-HCV regimens. We analyzed both efficacy and safety data, focusing on anemia, which might be worsened by the use of combined IFN/RBV, requiring modifications in transfusional schedules and iron chelation therapy.Expert opinion: The recent approval of IFN-free regimens has rapidly changed the scenario, since they are associated with overall high rates of sustained virological response and negligible side effects. However, these new drugs are very expensive thus limiting their access. Therefore, IFN and RBV will probably remain an acceptable therapeutic option for many patients, especially in underdeveloped countries.
White phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (2007)

OLED display manufacturers are interested in white organic light emitting devices (WOLED<sup>TM</sup>s) because these devices, together with color filters, eliminate the need for high resolution shadow masks, and are scalable beyond Gen 4 substrates. Additionally, WOLEDs are well suited for general-purpose illumination, since their power efficacies are approaching fluorescent lamps. A new structure was developed that had the following characteristics that were measured using a 20" integrating sphere: at 100 cd/m<sup>2</sup> normal luminance, EQE = 35%, power efficacy is 62 lm/W, operating voltage = 4.4 V, CIE = (0.33, 0.43) and CRI = 70.
Cross layer resiliency in real world (2014)

Resilience at different design hierarchies will be needed in Complex SoCs to handle failures due to variability, reliability and design errors (logical or electrical). The main reasons for the marginal behavior are sheer design complexity, uncertainties in manufacturing processes, temporal variability and operating conditions. In this session, we will cover the basics of cross layer resiliency and explore the reliability challenges in both embedded processors as well as large scale computing resources.
Accuracy of methods to estimate ionized and “corrected” serum calcium concentrations in critically ill multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support (2004)

Aberrations in calcium homeostasis are frequent (27%) in postresuscitative critically ill multiple trauma patients. Methods for predicting hypocalcemia lack sensitivity and are often associated with an unacceptable rate of false negatives. Predictive methods for estimating ionized or corrected serum concentrations should not be used. Direct measurement of serum iCa concentration is indicated for assessing calcium status for this population.
Synthesis and Murzne P388 Antitumor Activity of Uridine Mustard: A Preliminary Report (1990)

Abstract 5′-[Bis (2—chloroethyl) amino]—5′-deoxy uridine (uri-dine mustard), compound 5, was synthesized and characterized by its 1H, 13 C, and two-dimensional homonuclear shift correlated (COSY) and two—dimensional heteronuclear correlated NMR spectra. In comparative murine studies, uridine mustard was substantially less leukopenic than the equitherapeutic dose of uracil mustard.
Variable Step Size P&O Algorithms for Coalescing Pump/Deoiling Hydrocyclone Produced Water Treatment System (2020)

This paper presents three variable step size P&O algorithms for optimizing the separation efficiency of a coalescing pump/deoiling hydrocyclone produced water treatment system. By continuously adjusting the pumping pressure, and subsequently the coalescing effect, the algorithms are used to minimize the oil concentration downstream the hydrocyclone. Due to the variable step size, the algorithms react rapidly to changes in the upstream produced water characteristics, at the same time as they reduce (or eliminate) steady-state oscillations. Based on both simulation and experimental testing, the study discusses advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms.
Redox Control of the Binding Modes of an Organic Receptor (2015)

The modulation of noncovalent bonding interactions by redox processes is a central theme in the fundamental understanding of biological systems as well as being ripe for exploitation in supramolecular science. In the context of host-guest systems, we demonstrate in this article how the formation of inclusion complexes can be controlled by manipulating the redox potential of a cyclophane. The four-electron reduction of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) to its neutral form results in altering its binding properties while heralding a significant change in its stereoelectronic behavior. Quantum mechanics calculations provide the energetics for the formation of the inclusion complexes between the cyclophane in its various redox states with a variety of guest molecules, ranging from electron-poor to electron-rich. The electron-donating properties displayed by the cyclophane were investigated by probing the interaction of this host with electron-poor guests, and the formation of inclusion complexes was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The dramatic change in the binding mode depending on the redox state of the cyclophane leads to (i) aromatic donor-acceptor interactions in its fully oxidized form and (ii) van der Waals interactions when the cyclophane is fully reduced. These findings lay the foundation for the potential use of this class of cyclophane in various arenas, all the way from molecular electronics to catalysis, by virtue of its electronic properties. The extension of the concept presented herein into the realm of mechanically interlocked molecules will lead to the investigation of novel structures with redox control being expressed over the relative geometries of their components.