gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Neutral Lipids and β-Carotene by the Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast on a Medium with Sucrose as a Carbon Source (2021)

Recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica yeast has been used as a host strain for the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScSUC2 gene and Y. lipolytica YlHXK1 gene encoding invertase and hexakinase, respectively. The expression was carried out on the background of the enhanced pathway of the synthesis of neutral lipids. This allowed the yeast to efficiently utilize glucose as a single carbon source. The engineered strain accumulated neutral lipids in amount of 50.7% of biomass dry weight, when cultured in tubes in minimal medium with nitrogen limitation and high sucrose content. The next metabolic engineering step was the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 editing system to introduce a heterologous β-carotene synthesis pathway by the expression of the Mucor circinelloides genes CarRP and CarB, encoding the bifunctional enzyme phytoene synthase/licopene-β-cyclase (carRP) and phytoene dehydrogenase (carB), as well as an increase in the expression level of the Y. lipolytica YlGGS1 gene, encoding geranyl diphosphate synthase enzyme. The β-carotene production on a sucrose-containing medium was shown for the first time; it amounted for 24.0 mg/g dry biomass, or 406.9 mg/L, on the 5th day of cultivation in tubes in a rich medium with a sucrose portioned supply (50 g/L). The corresponding values for a rich medium with a higher sucrose concentration (90 g/L) were 21.9 mg/g dry biomass and 625.8 mg/L. Yarrowia lipolytica, β-carotene, sucrose, CRISPR-Cas9 The plasmids pdKu70Yl-URA3, pLTet-SP-CAT, pARS-Cre-reverse, pMW-att-Cm and pGPD1Yl were kindly provided by Ph.D. I.A. Laptev ("Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA NRC). The work was carried out using the equipment of the Multipurpose Scientific Facility of the "Russian State Collection of Industrial Microorganisms" National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GOSNIIGENETIKA. The work was supported by state assignment no. 14 of 25.07.2012 AAAA-A20-120093090016-9. The quantitative analysis of lipids and β-carotene was carried out by V.A. Zolottsev within the framework of the "Long-Term Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation (2021-2030)".
Einkernige Silylvinyliden‐Rhodiumkomplexe aus Silylalkinen: SiMe3‐Wanderung als Alternative zur [1,2]‐H‐Verschiebung (1991)

In der Koordinationssphäre von Rhodium lassen sich mit Silylalkinen RC  CSiMe 3 Vinylidenkomplexe herstellen, während derartige Komplexe bisher nur mit 1‐Alkinen RCCH zugänglich waren. Die Synthese verläuft über eine [1,2]‐SiMe 3 ‐Wanderung entlang der Alkin‐C‐C‐Bindung, die ähnlich problemlos wie [1,2]‐H‐Verschiebungen ist. Als Zwischenstufen lassen sich auch die entsprechenden Alkinkomplexe isolieren. magnified image
Effect of a lateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block on the axillary and suprascapular nerves as determined by electromyography – a cohort study (2018)

We aimed to examine to what extent a lateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block affected the axillary and the suprascapular nerve. We included patients undergoing hand surgery anaesthetised with a lateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Our primary outcome was the relative change in surface electromyography during maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the medial deltoid muscle (axillary nerve) and the infraspinatus muscle (suprascapular nerve) from baseline to 30 min after the block procedure. A reduction in electromyography of > 50% defined a successful block. The impact of the block on the shoulder nerves was compared with the surgical target nerves of the arm and hand (musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves). Twenty patients were included. The medians of the relative changes in the surface electromyography were significantly reduced (both p < 0.001) with 92% for the deltoid muscle and 30% for the infraspinatus muscle, respectively. In total, 18 out of 20 patients had reductions > 50% for the deltoid muscle, which was significantly different from the infraspinatus muscle, where the proportion was 5 out of 20 (p < 0.001). The medians of the relative reductions in electromyography for the arm and hand muscles were 90-96%, similar to the effect on the deltoid muscle. Our results suggest that a lateral infraclavicular block provides block of the axillary nerve comparable to the block of the surgical target nerves. The suprascapular nerve is blocked to a lesser degree. Combining a lateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block with a selective suprascapular block for shoulder surgery warrants further studies.
Managerial Ethical Leadership (1995)

The central role of corporate leaders in setting the ethical tone for their organization is widely accepted. Four well known former CEOs are profiled to illustrate how their managerial ethical leadership not only influenced their firms but also the practice of business. Insights are drawn from their writings and speeches as well as other sources which examine demonstrated leadership abilities. Their behavior not only provides examples of leadership but also is exemplary from an ethical point of view. The article concludes with five common themes that describe these individuals and the essence of managerial ethical leadership.
Role of protein S and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in the development of activated protein C resistance early in pregnancy in women with a history of preeclampsia (2011)

Pregnancy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Particularly in early pregnancy, the thrombosis risk can be attributed to the changes in coagulation. Elevated thrombin generation and resistance to activated protein C (APC) are likely to contribute to the increased thrombosis risk during pregnancy. We studied changes and the determinants of thrombin generation and APC resistance in the first 16 weeks of gestation in women with history of preeclampsia. Additionally, we investigated the influence of pregnancy-induced haemodilution on the coagulation system. We measured thrombin generation, APC resistance and plasma levels of prothrombin, factor V, factor X, protein S and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in 30 non-pregnant and 21 pregnant women at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of gestation. All participants shared a history of a hypertensive complication in the preceding pregnancy. Thrombin generation and APC resistance were higher at eight weeks of pregnancy than in the non-pregnant state, and progressively increased between eight and 16 weeks of gestation. Changes in the TFPI and protein S levels accounted for ~70% of pregnancy-induced APC resistance. Interestingly, a significant correlation (slope 2.23; 95%CI: 1.56 to 2.91; r= 0.58) was observed between protein Stotal or protein Sfree levels and haematocrit. In conclusion, pregnancy induces a decrease of TFPIfree and protein Sfree levels that attenuates the function of the TFPI and protein C systems and results in elevated thrombin generation and increased APC resistance. Besides, our data suggest that pregnancy-dependent haemodilution may contribute to the decreased peripheral protein S levels.
Soccer video summarization using enhanced logo detection (2009)

We propose an automatic soccer video summarization engine which relies on an improved algorithm for the detection of replay shots which delineate interesting events. Video shots are first detected using dominant color and histogram intersection methods. Replay shots are detected using an improved technique, then processed through a set of mid-level descriptors (goal-mouth and score board with other cinematic features) and finally fed into a rule-based classifier. The proposed summarization has been experimentally tested on 6 hours from 10 videos in total. The proposed logo-based replay detection technique achieves 100% recall with 96.3% precision. Interesting events such as goals are detected with 100% recall and 100% precision, attacks with 91.7% recall and 86.7% precision) and other events such as (fouls, free kicks etc) with 90.8% recall and 95% precision.
High-Pressure Phase Behavior of Ionic Liquid/CO2 Systems (2001)

This work presents the high-pressure phase behavior of CO2 with six ionic liquids: 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8-mim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8-mim][BF4]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([bmim][NO3]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([emim][EtSO4]), and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([N-bupy][BF4]). We explored the effect of systematically changing the anionic and cationic components of the ionic liquid on the CO2−ionic liquid phase behavior. For all of the ionic liquids tested, large quantities of CO2 dissolved in the ionic liquid phase, but no appreciable amount of ionic liquid solubilized in the CO2 phase. In addition, the liquid phase volume expansion with the introduction of even large amounts of CO2 is negligible, in dramatic contrast to the large volume expansion observed for neutral organic liquids. Our results seek to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms of this highly unusual phase behavior.
Neutron Diffraction Study of the τ-Phase of Carbon-Doped Mn–Al Alloy (1997)

The metastable ferromagnetic τ-phase of the Mn–Al–C system has been studied by neutron diffraction to determine the lattice sites occupied by carbon atoms. The data obtained for Mn0.56Al0.44C0.018 and Mn0.56Al0.44C0.024 samples show that the carbon sublattice is ordered and carbon atoms occupy interstitial sites (1/2, 1/2, 0) in the P4/mmm space group.
Deintercalation of Zero-Valent Metals from Two-Dimensional Layered Chalcogenides (2017)

A general solution-based approach to deintercalate zero-valent tin and copper from two-dimensional layered chalcogenides is presented using a one-step comproportionation reduction–oxidation reaction. The reaction is performed between the intercalated zero-valent metal and high oxidation state metal cations (Sn4+ and Cu2+) dissolved in acetone. This chemistry is shown to work for a variety of layered chalcogenides with differing morphologies and crystallinity. Copper and tin are deintercalated from powders of MoS2, MoSe2, NbSe2, and WS2 and crystalline nanoribbons of Bi2Se3, In2Se3, and GeS. This chemistry achieves a general route to remove zero-valent tin and copper from 2D layered chalcogenides.
Real-Time Control of the MIT Vehicle Emulation System (1991)

The MIT vehicle emulation system (VES) is an experimental facility designed to facilitate the study of controlling robots fixed to nonstationary bases. This includes assembly and repair manipulators attached to space vehicles, or to the space shuttle arm, as well as manipulators fixed to the bed of moving ground vehicles. Controlling manipulators under these conditions for endpoint force and positioning tasks requires both the development of new theory, and the development of a testbed for verifying theoretical results through experimentation. A description is presented of the technical details of the real-time controller for the second generation VES system.
Differential diagnosis generation from a causal network with probabilities (2003)

One of the problems with building expert systems for medical domains is handling the uncertainty that exists in almost every task. The authors solve this problem, in the context of a system for diagnosing and managing patients with cardiovascular disease, by developing a heuristic method for generating likely causal hypotheses for a set of clinical findings. The method uses the potential causal pathways to determine sets of primary causes that could produce the findings. From each set it builds a hypothesis by determining the most probable explanation for each finding and adding that explanation to the hypothesis. Hypotheses are compared by computing the overall probability of each as an explanation for the findings. The most likely hypotheses are presented to the user as a detailed differential list. The method has been tested in a network with 150 physiological nodes and about 280 potential findings. It produces differential diagnoses for cases with 10 to 15 abnormal findings in a few minutes. Each hypothesis contains 20 to 30 physiological nodes which can be displayed with their interconnections, showing the user how the findings can be accounted for by the possible causes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Treatment of cystic mastopathy with puncture and administration of an LHRH analogue]. (1994)

Goserelin depot (Zoladex) was administered for 6 months to seven women with premenopausal gross cystic breast disease. For each patient at least three cysts were followed up by ultrasonography and radiography (21 cysts in total). Hormone assessments showed a suppression of serum oestradiol at 8-12 weeks. Two-thirds of the observed cysts continued to grow after 8-12 weeks, but two-thirds had decreased in size by 20-24 weeks and this decrease had continued 12 weeks after cessation of treatment. Cysts containing fluid with a higher Na+/K+ ratio (extracellular fluid type) responded earlier to treatment. These patients had received other hormone treatments without success. The LHRH analogue treatment seems to be a promising and effective adjuvant to aspiration in the management of gross cystic breast disease, although maximal efficacy was only observed after 20-24 weeks.
Bone formation and reosseointegration in peri-implantitis defects following surgical implantation of rhBMP-2. (1997)

This study was designed to evaluate bone formation and reosseointegration following surgical implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in peri-implantitis defects. Hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants were placed bilaterally in the mandibular and maxillary premolar area in four rhesus monkeys and were allowed to osseointegrate for 1 year. Cotton ligatures were then placed around the healing abutments, and plaque was allowed to accumulate for 11 months. Resulting circumferential peri-implantitis defects exhibited a large intrabony and horizontal component. At reconstructive surgery, peri-implantitis defects in contralateral jaw quadrants were randomly assigned to receive rhBMP-2 (0.43 mg/mL implant volume) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier or a carrier control. The animals were sacrificed 4 months postsurgery, and block sections were prepared for histometric analysis. Summary statistics included means calculated per animal. Paired t tests were used to evaluate differences between experimental conditions (n = 4). Defect depth amounted to 3.4 +/- 0.9 mm and 3.2 +/- 0.9 mm for rhBMP-2 and control defects, respectively. Vertical bone gain in rhBMP-2 defects (2.6 +/- 1.2 mm) was significantly greater than in controls (0.8 +/- 0.8 mm; P < .01). Reosseointegration within the confines of the defect for rhBMP-2 defects (29.0 +/- 10.5%) differed significantly from that in the control (3.5 +/- 2.5%; P < .01). Reosseointegration within the extent of newly formed bone averaged 40.0 +/- 11.0% in rhBMP-2 defects as compared to 8.9 +/- 7.8% in the control (P < .01). Osseointegration in resident bone amounted to 69.5 +/- 6.9% and 72.6 +/- 8.0% for rhBMP-2 and control defects, respectively. There is significant evidence that rhBMP-2 has potential to promote bone formation and reosseointegration in advanced peri-implantitis defects in a demanding nonhuman primate model.
Printer and sensor forensics (2008)

In today's digital world securing different forms of content is important in terms of protecting copyright and verifying authenticity. One example is watermarking of digital audio and images. We believe that a marking scheme analogous to digital watermarking but for documents is very important. We describe the use of laser amplitude modulation in electrophotographic printers to embed information in various types of documents. In addition, we describe methods for forgery detection in scanned images.
Synthesis and Hydroboration of a Mixed‐Donor Iminoboryl Complex of Platinum (2015)

Abstract The first iminoboryl complex with a non‐phosphine donor ligand has been isolated and fully characterized. The structural and spectroscopic parameters of the Pt II complex, which bears one phosphine and one N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, suggest that the Pt center backdonates less to the iminoboryl ligand than in conventional (iminoboryl)bis(phosphine) complexes, despite the presence of a strongly σ‐donating NHC ligand. This iminoboryl complex was found to undergo facile hydroboration with catecholborane, leading to an N ‐borylated hydroboryl complex.
Advanced high power gyrotrons (2002)

Summary form given only, as follows. A 1 MW, 140 GHz gyrotron with diamond window for continuous wave operation and with a single-stage depressed collector has been designed and constructed in collaboration with CRPP Lausanne and TTE Velizy. It operates in the TE28,8 cavity mode and provides a linearly polarized TEM0,0 beam. The gyrotron consists of a magnetron injection gun, an improved cavity, an optimized non-linear up-taper and an improved launcher. RF power measurements at short pulse lengths gave 0.65 MW output power. In long pulse operation (150 ms) an output power of 0.6 MW was measured. Despite careful optimization it was not possible, to improve the output power. Measurements of the RF beam profile showed a strong shift of the beam by 30 mm downwards (design error). This deviation leads to power reflections of more than 20% back into the gyrotron, which causes a reduction of the generated power. The depressed collector could be operated up to 33 kV, which gives an improvement factor of 1.7 for the efficiency. The collector has been tested successfully in long pulse operation (30 s) without RF generation at I MW electron-beam power level. The measurements are currently continued, new results with a redesigned mirror system will be given. With the 165 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron, an output power of 2.2 MW with an efficiency of 28% has been measured at a beam current of 84 A in short pulse operation. The maximum efficiency has been measured at 1.5 MW output power. With a voltage depression of about 35 kV an efficiency of 48% has been achieved (30% without SDC). Up to that depression voltage no reduction in output power has been observed. These results are in very good agreement with numerical calculations, if one includes internal losses of 10% and a velocity spread of 5% for the electron beam.
P-Glucuronidase Enzyme Histochemistry on Semithin Sections of Plastic-Embedded Arabidopsis Explants (1998)

Reporter genes are commonly used m prokaryotes and eukaryotes to measure promoter activity of a gene of interest Transgenic organisms have to be generated by transformation with a chimertc gene consisting of the respective promoter and the coding sequence of the reporter gene. The activity of promoters can be studied by gene fusions without interference of the regulatory 3’ or intron sequences that might be present in the endogenous gene. Therefore, gene fusions are an important tool m transgenic research for promoter evaluation. The β-glucuromdase gene (gusA or uidA), isolated from Escherichia coli, has been exploited over many years to monitor plant promoter activity. In situ enzyme histochemical methods are used to localize the cells expressing the reporter gene within the cellular context of the explant or tissue. A qualitative hrstochemical assay to measure GUS activity is based on the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-mdolyLl3-o-glucuronide (X-Glut) (1). The GUS enzyme hydrolyzes X-Glut to a water-soluble mdoxyl mtermedtate that is further dimerized into a dichloro-dibromo-indigo blue precipitate by an oxidation reaction (Fig. 1). However, this reaction has a serious drawback. Halogen-substituted mdoxyls liberated at the site of high enzyme activity can diffuse widely before complete oxidation to insoluble indigo blue can take place. This is especially true at lower pH (<9.0) (2–4). The indoxyl dimenzation can be enhanced by the presence of the oxidant potassium ferri(III)cyanide (5). In optimal reaction conditions, the water-insoluble indigo blue is located at the place of enzyme activity (6). The X-Glut-based assays that are usually done on intact seedlings, explants, or vibro-sliced tissues suffer from a low histological and cytological resolution, unequal permeabtitty of different cell types for the reaction substrates, diffusion of the reaction intermedtates from the enzyme location, and uncontrolled reaction conditions in the intact cells, such as the cytoplasmtc pH value and the presence of oxidizing or reducing compounds Moreover, localization artifacts might be observed owing to enhanced dimerization of the mdoxyl intermediates at sites in the tissue with high peroxtdase activity (6,7). Also, artifacts might occur at the level of the gus gene expression. Promoter activity might be induced by mechanical, anaerobic, salt, or osmotic stresses generated during manipulation of the explants or during incubation in the enzyme reaction mix.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Oyster Larval Probiotic Bacterium Vibrio sp. Strain OY15 (2014)

We report the draft genome sequence of Vibrio sp. strain OY15, a Gram-negative marine bacterium isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea virginica) digestive tract and shown to possess probiotic activity. The availability of this genome sequence will facilitate the study of the mechanisms of probiotic activity as well as virulence capacity.
Cervicobrachium - Aging (2010)

HISTORY: A 48-year-old male patient who suffered from pain at neck and whole upper quarter and extremities for nearly three years. Pain aggravates after his daily working as a neurological surgeon with stressful and awkward cervicobrachial posture. No trauma history was noted. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: By manual palpation, tenderness was located over areas of bilateral paraspinal region. Significant tender points were also noted about the posterior aspect of bilateral mastoid process and occipital prominence. Muscle tightness and ternderness were palpated in splenius cervicis, capitis, and sternocleidomastoid muscle. No neurological deficits were found. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Neck radiculopathy Non-traumatic cervical spondylosis Chronic neck muscle strain TEST AND RESULTS: Radiography of cervical spine showed degenerative changes at C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels. Lateral cervical spine radiograph with neutral, extension, and flexion positions revealing mild malalignment at C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels during neck flexion. Active range of motion (ROM) of neck -ROM restricted in right side bending compared to contra-lateral motion. Manual isometric strength of neck -Poor and weakness at cervical bilateral flexion and bilateral rotation strength. Sensory Organization Test (SOT) -The equilibrium scores of this patient were tested Visual performances -The visual performances of this patient were tested Eye-hand coordination -The eye-hand coordination of this patient were tested FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Cervicobrachial syndrome with cervical degeneration TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: 1. Intervention with posterior neck icing for 20 minutes. 2. Neck pain, ROM, and isometric strength of the neck were improved. 3. Balance performance was improved. 4. Follow-up visual performances were improved dramatically in PV and MV, while EM remained unchanged. 5. Follow-up eye-hand coordination was improved especially in random mode, both reaction time and movement velocity were obviously improved. 6. These improvements may reflect the abilities to use the neck dependent visual sensory and brachial motor systems after neck fitness improved. He returned to his work with better working endurance.