gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symmetrical perturbation analysis of complex two-dimensional photonic crystals (2002)

We study complex photonic crystals with unit cells that include different dielectric cylinders. A symmetrical perturbation approach is developed here which predicts how the band spectrum of the complex structures evolves from the most symmetrical prophase. As a specific example, we apply this symmetrical approach to the analysis of square lattices with alternating layers of dielectric cylinders perpendicular to one selected diagonal of the prophase unit cell. The results are shown to be in agreement with the plane wave calculations of the band spectrum.
Real-Time MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound for Focal Therapy of Locally Confined Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes (2015)

MRI-guided focused ultrasound is a feasible method of noninvasively ablating low-risk prostate cancers with low morbidity. Further investigation and follow-up are warranted in a larger patient series with appropriate statistical analysis of oncologic and functional outcome measures.
Estimation of body composition by bioelectrical impedance in cancer patients. (1990)

Measurement of body composition is important in the assessment of nutritional status in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to validate the bioelectrical impedance (BI) method for body composition estimation in 33 elderly cancer patients (mean age 66 +/- 9 years) using the deuterium dilution technique (2H2O) as the reference method. Height2/Resistance (H2/R) correlated significantly with total body water (TBW) computed from 2H2O (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001; s.e.e. = 2.4 l). The prediction equation for TBW improved significantly (P less than 0.001) by addition of H2/R to the predictor variables weight, height, age and sex. We conclude that BI is a useful measure for the assessment of body composition in cancer patients.
Remaining Fatigue Life Evaluation of Steel Railroad Bridge (1999)

A systematic procedure to evaluate fatigue damages and to predict remaining fatigue lives is introduced for a steel railway bridge. Fatigue damages are evaluated by using the currently available fatigue damage theory. Fatigue lives with the condition of fatigue crack initiation are estimated by the probabilistic approach based on the reliability theory as well as the simplified procedure. A equivalent deterministic procedure is also suggested to assess the remaining fatigue life under various traffic conditions. Numerical simulations are used to assess dynamic stress histories with correction factors. Loading models are obtained from the passenger volume data. Train coincidences are also considered. Based on the results, the fatigue life is found to be underestimated by without considering the coincidence of trains on the bridge. The simplified method proposed in this study are found to yield approximately the same results as the systematic procedure.
Diffusive matrix fracture coupling including the effects of flow channeling (1992)

It is important to predict the transport of solute in fractured systems. In these systems the majority of solute advection occurs within the fractures. However, the diffusive coupling with the large storage contained within the rock matrix often significantly slows down the effective solute velocity below that of the physical fluid velocity within the fractures. The coupling between these two porosity systems is further complicated by the fact that the fluid within the fractures flows in distinct channels which occupy a small percent of the fracture plane. This paper extends the work of Rasmuson and Neretnieks (1986) and Johns and Roberts (1991) in analyzing the consequences of the channeling on the solute coupling between these two porosity systems. It has been found by Rasmuson and Neretnieks that the amount of coupling can be significantly reduced due to the fracture channeling if the time scales of interest are short when compared to diffusive time scales in the rock matrix system. This study shows that for longer time scales this reduction in the coupling is greatly reduced. Experimental measurements are still required to enable verification of the assumptions made in this and other analytical studies of fracture matrix coupling.
Association of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor genotypes with microscopic polyangiitis (2006)

The decreased activation potential of NK and/or T cells associated with KIR/HLA genotypes may predispose to MPA, possibly through insufficient resistance against infections.
SAR Minimum-Entropy Autofocus Using an Adaptive-Order Polynomial Model (2006)

A new algorithm is presented for autofocus in synthetic aperture radar imaging. Entropy is used to measure the focus quality of the image, and better focus corresponds to smaller entropy. The phase response of the focus filter is modeled as a specially designed polynomial, and the coefficients of this polynomial are adjusted in sequence to minimize the entropy of the image. Because the order of this polynomial is adaptive, this algorithm applies more widely than the minimum-entropy algorithms with a fixed-order polynomial model
Measles Virus Infection and Vaccination: Potential Role in Chronic Illness and Associated Adverse Events; (2004)

Over the last decade, a number of concerns have arisen related to safety issues that have had an adverse effect on the public's trust, particularly among parents whose children are the primary recipient of the vaccine. Historically, the live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine and the combination multivalent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine have had a major impact on the health of children worldwide and have been extremely successful at preventing infectious diseases associated with three childhood viral pathogens. In this report, we describe MV infection, replication, pathogenesis, and immunization. MV is a viral pathogen that exhibits a number of complex processes that can effect its replication, pathogenesis, and the induction of an effective antiviral immune response. We describe the published literature as it relates to MV infection and immunization and report adverse events in an attempt to provide a balanced discussion and an historical perspective of the MMR vaccine and autism.
A Test for Genetic Exchange in Mixed Infections of Leishmania major in the Sand Fly Phlebotomus papatasi (1991)

We tested if genetic exchange was observable between two strains of Leishmania major (Trypanosomatidae) during mixed infection of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. Previous studies suggested that genetic exchange may occur in natural populations of Leishmania at a low frequency, but experimental crosses examining small numbers of progeny (less than 60) did not reveal hybrid parasites. Accordingly, a strategy was devised to increase the number of progeny that could be screened by 100-fold. Clonal derivatives from two strains that were infective to flies and contained numerous restriction fragment length polymorphisms were characterized and selected for resistance to methotrexate or tunicamycin by gene amplification. A successfully mixed infection of P. papatasi was obtained, and a method was developed for directly plating promastigotes from the gut contents of infected flies onto selective media. Twenty-five hundred independent progeny were scored for the presence of both drug resistance markers. No hybrid parasites were observed, indicating that the frequency of genetic exchange in this cross must be less than 4 x 10(-4). The lines and methods established in this work may prove useful in future studies of the mechanism and frequency of gene exchange in Leishmania.
Controlled spontaneous emission in erbium-doped microphotonic materials (2005)

Erbium is a rare-earth metal that, when incorporated in a solid, can emit light at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. It plays a key role in current day telecommunication technology as the principle ingredient of optical fiber amplifiers. In this thesis the control of the Er spontaneous emission in three different types of microphotonic materials is described.\n&#13;\n&#13;\nPart I of this thesis focuses on the effect of a metallo-dielectric interface on the spontaneous emission of optical emitters in silica glass. It is shown that Er ions near a Ag interface can couple to surface plasmons (SPs) via a near-field interaction. By coupling SPs out into the far field, large changes in the Er photoluminescence emission distribution, spectra, and polarization can be observed. The excitation of SPs also results in an increase of the Er photoluminescence decay rate. The observed decay rates are in good agreement with calculations based on a classical dipole oscillator model. From the change in photoluminescence decay rate of Si nanocrystals near a Ag interface it is shown that Si nanocrystals can efficiently excite SPs and have an internal quantum efficiency of 77 %. \n&#13;\n&#13;\nPart II focuses on the effect of a microcavity on the spontaneous emission of Er and describes how ion implantation can be used to dope dielectric microresonators with optically active Er ions. The fabrication and characterization of an Er ion-implanted silica microsphere resonator is described that shows lasing at 1.5 μm when pumped above its lasing threshold. Ion implantation is also used to dope toroidal microcavities on a Si chip with Er. The microtoroids are doped by either pre-implantation into the SiO2 base material, or by post-implantation in a fully fabricated microtoroid. The optical activation of Er ions in the microtoroid is investigated and Er lasing at 1.5 μm is observed for both types of microcavities with the lowest threshold (4.5 μW) for the pre-implanted microtoroids. \n&#13;\n&#13;\nPart III describes the fabrication of an Er-doped Si-inverse opal photonic crystal. These photonic crystals can potentially have a photonic bandgap that can fully inhibit the spontaneous emission of on optical emitter. Fabrication criteria are derived for such a photonic crystal, based on the lattice parameter, filling fraction, and Si refractive index. In the opal photonic crystal composed of both Si and SiO2 we show that Er ions can be selectively excited in both the Si and SiO2 part of the photonic crystal by changing the excitation wavelength and/or the measurement temperature.
Setting upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSRJ1939+2134using the first science data from the GEO 600 and LIGO detectors (2004)

Data collected by the GEO 600 and LIGO interferometric gravitational wave detectors during their first observational science run were searched for continuous gravitational waves from the pulsar $\mathrm{J}1939+2134$ at twice its rotation frequency. Two independent analysis methods were used and are demonstrated in this paper: a frequency domain method and a time domain method. Both achieve consistent null results, placing new upper limits on the strength of the pulsar's gravitational wave emission. A model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar's equatorial ellipticity.
Actrode: a new series of mechanically flexible re-usable battery-powered active electrodes units (2003)

This paper describes a new type of micro-powered active electrodes configuration. All electronics including the batteries are mounted on a flexible printed circuit. The single circuit has special shapes to allow differential recording to be performed at various distances between the electrodes. The whole circuit is typically popped onto standard commercial electrodes so that it can be re-used many times.
A chemo-microbial hybrid process for the production of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid as a promising bioplastic monomer from PET waste (2020)

In this study, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a valuable monomer for bio-degradable plastics, was synthesised using terephthalic acid (TPA) derived from PET waste by a comprehensive chemo-microbial hybrid process.
Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling by Intussusception: From Form to Function (2003)

During most instances of angiogenesis, not only are the capillaries or terminal vessels generated and modified, but the supplying vascular system is subjected to remodeling as well. Intussusception, i.e., transluminal pillar formation, is one essential mechanism for growth, arborization, bifurcation remodeling, and pruning. Complex and efficient vascular beds can thus be generated by local interactions between vascular cells and hemodynamic conditions.
Running, running the show: Supporting the leadership development of Black girls in middle school (2020)

Black girls have been at the forefront of educational change as leaders who “run the show” throughout history yet their unique contributions are missing from books and classroom materials, and their perspectives excluded from definitions of leadership. To address these deficits, we interviewed 21 Black girls enrolled in a summer program in a mid-sized Southern city individually and in focus groups about their knowledge of Black women leaders and definitions of leadership. Using narrative analysis, we analyzed the individual and focus group interviews. Knowledge of Black female leaders ranged from 0 to 4 with the majority (11; 52%) listing 1. Definitions of leadership aligned with identity developmental questions of “Who am I?” and “How do I fit in?” Being a leader involved making positive life choices for staying on the right path, even if that path differed from their peers, and emphasized that leaders support other Black girls. Suggestions as well as a list of ten guiding questions to help researchers, policymakers and practitioners continue to support developing Black girl leaders in middle school are provided.
The estimation of neutron energy spectra of nuclear materials by passive measurements for nuclear nonproliferation applications (2010)

The development of technologies to accurately characterize nuclear materials is becoming an area of significant importance in the United States and internationally. The development of new measurement systems with improved characterization capabilities is a top priority. Specifically, the study of neutron detection via passive measurement yields many opportunities. In this research, passive measurements were performed on mixed-oxide samples (MOX) and several isotopic neutron sources at the Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy in June of 2010. These measurements are used to test the capabilities of a neutron detection system and analysis algorithms developed at the University of Michigan. The measurements are also utilized to evaluate the use of liquid scintillation detectors for the determination of neutron energy distributions emitted from MOX samples and from various isotopic neutron sources. This measurement campaign provided the opportunity to identify and evaluate new candidates for the replacement of current detector technologies.
Legionella pneumophilapneumonia: A 5‑year retrospective clinical evaluation and commentary (2023)

Although legionellosis represents a widely underestimated disease for various reasons, the rate of <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> infections has increased steadily over the past 30 years. The present study describes the characteristics of patients hospitalized due to legionellosis. The present study retrospectively reviewed 10 cases of legionellosis during the defined period and documented the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients, as well as the methods used for diagnosis and therapeutic management. The majority of the patients were male (80%) with a mean age of 55.8 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (40%) and tumors (20%). Fever was present in all the cases (100%) and the most frequent imaging finding was lung consolidation. Half of the cases exhibited hyponatremia, 40% of them had leukocytosis, and 50% of the patients presented elevated procalcitonin levels, as well as elevated levels of transaminases. In total, 2 patients (20%) required non‑invasive oxygen support. All the cases presented a positive urinary antigen test for <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> serogroup 1. A total of 9 patients (90%) received levofloxacin‑based therapy for a mean duration of 17.7 days. All the cases described herein were successfully discharged without any complications. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that a prompt clinical diagnosis along with early testing and treatment represent the cornerstone for positive outcomes in patients affected by Legionnaire's disease.
Geosteering by exact inference on a Bayesian network (2017)

I formulate geosteering as a probabilistic inverse problem: Given a sequence of log and directional survey measurements along a wellbore, and a pilot well log representing the geologic column at a known position, what are the most likely spatial positions of those surveys, and how does the geologic structure vary laterally? Constraining the problem to two dimensions, I define discrete random variables over the wellbore positions, the well log, and the geologic structure. Incorporating conditional relations among the variables, I arrange the variables in a Bayesian network. After applying geologic and instrument prior information, and evidence in the form of log and directional survey measurements, probability calculus determines the posterior joint marginal probability distributions for the well path and geologic structure. Naïvely performing the necessary multiplications and marginalizations would require impossible amounts of computer memory. Using variable elimination, I order the computations so as to reduce memory requirements, making it practical to execute on modern, commodity computers. From the posterior joint marginal, I extract the most likely well path and geologic structure and characterize confidence in these measures by posterior marginal probabilities for each variable. The Bayesian network approach enables us to solve inverse problems, like this one, spanning different physical dimensions, having nonnormal uncertainties, and having no direct forward-modeling formula.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of an Unusual Platinum Olefin Carbene Complex, [(η4-cod)Pt{C(Ph2PNSiMe3)2-κC,κN}] (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of an Unusual Platinum Olefin Carbene Complex, [(η4-cod)Pt{C(Ph2PNSiMe3)2-κC,κN}]Nathan D. Jones, Guanyang Lin, Robert A. Gossage, Robert McDonald, and Ronald G. CavellCite this: Organometallics 2003, 22, 25, 5378Publication Date (Web):October 31, 2003Publication History Published online31 October 2003Published inissue 1 December 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om0305972https://doi.org/10.1021/om0305972correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (22 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The rhodopsin content of human eyes. (1999)

A developmental increase in rhodopsin content occurs during infancy. Thereafter rhodopsin content remains constant. The amount of rhodopsin recovered from human eyes is quite variable. Bleaching alone cannot explain the variability.
A Fresh Look At Augmenter of Liver Regeneration in Rats (1999)

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a hepatotrophic protein originally identified by bioassay in regenerating rat and canine livers following partial hepatectomy and in the hyperplastic livers of weanling rats, but not in resting adult livers. The ALR gene and gene product were subsequently described, but little is known about the cellular/subcellular sites of ALR synthesis in the liver, or about the release and dissemination of the peptide. To obtain this information in rats, we raised antibodies in rabbits against rat ALR for development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ALR concentrations were then determined in intact livers of unaltered weanling and adult rats; in regenerating residual liver after partial hepatectomy; in cultured hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells (NPCs); and in culture medium and serum. ALR in the various liver cells was localized with immunohistochemistry. In addition, hepatic ALR and ALR mRNA were assayed with Western blotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The hepatocyte was the predominant liver cell in which ALR was synthesized and stored; the cultured hepatocytes secreted ALR into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. Contrary to previous belief, the ALR peptide and ALR mRNA were present in comparable concentrations in the hepatocytes of both weanling and resting adult livers, as well as in cultured hepatocytes. A further unexpected finding was that hepatic ALR levels decreased for 12 hours after 70% hepatectomy in adult rats and then rose with no corresponding change in mRNA transcripts. In the meantime, circulating (serum) ALR levels increased up to 12 hours and declined thereafter. Thus, ALR appears to be constitutively expressed in hepatocytes in an inactive form, and released from the cells in an active form by unknown means in response to partial hepatectomy and under other circumstances of liver maturation (as in weanling rats) or regeneration.
Continuous Symmetries and Observability Properties in Autonomous Navigation (2010)

This paper considers the problem of state estimation from a theoretical perspective. In particular, the investigation regards problems where the information provided by the sensor data is not sufficient to carry out the state estimation (i.e. the state is not observable). For these systems it is introduced the concept of continuous symmetry. Detecting the continuous symmetries of a given system has a very practical importance. It allows us to detect an observable state whose components are non linear functions of the original non observable state. This theoretical and very general concept is applied to deal with two distinct fundamental estimation problems in mobile robotics. The former is in the framework of self-calibration and the latter is in the framework of the fusion of the data provided by inertial sensors and vision sensors. For both problems all the observable modes are analytically derived by analyzing the continuous symmetries.