gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of surface chemistry and protein concentration on the adsorption rate and S-layer crystal formation (2011)

Bacterial crystalline surface layers (S-layers) are the outermost envelope of prokaryotic organisms representing the simplest biological membranes developed during evolution. In this context, the bacterial protein SbpA has already shown its intrinsic ability to reassemble on different substrates forming protein crystals of square lattice symmetry. In this work, we present the interaction between the bacterial protein SbpA and five self-assembled monolayers carrying methyl (CH(3)), hydroxyl (OH), carboxylic acid (COOH) and mannose (C(6)H(12)O(6)) as functional groups. Protein adsorption and S-layer formation have been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while protein adsorption kinetics, mass uptake and the protein layer viscoelastic properties were investigated with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The results indicate that the protein adsorption rate and crystalline domain area depend on surface chemistry and protein concentration. Furthermore, electrostatic interactions tune different protein rate adsorption and S-layer recrystallization pathways. Electrostatic interactions induce faster adsorption rate than hydrophobic or hydrophilic interactions. Finally, the shear modulus and the viscosity of the recrystallized S-layer on CH(3)C(6)S, CH(3)C(11)S and COOHC(11)S substrates were calculated from QCM-D measurements. Protein-protein interactions seem to play a main role in the mechanical stability of the formed protein (crystal) bilayer.
Exploring Eye Tracking Measures to Understand Operator Performance (2006)

Eye tracker technology is a growing and viable source for more sensitive, unobtrusive, and objective measures of operator performance and cognitive state. Several eye movement metrics have been validated in the empirical literature, but caution is advised when linking low level eye movements (e.g., fixations) to high level cognitive constructs (e.g., workload). Valid analysis of eye movement data is vulnerable to output interpretation, metric granularity, and incomplete views of operator performance. To address these issues, more research is needed to exploit contextual information from other performance measures, identify metric deficiencies, and develop useful composite measures. Individual eye movement metrics alone provide an insufficient picture of operator cognition and performance, but when purposefully combined with other metrics (e.g., other physiological sensor data), offer a more comprehensive look at operator performance. Understanding why operator errors occur can help researchers identify information-processing bottlenecks, possibly allowing designers to find ways to improve performance.
<title>Magnetic tape trends and futures</title> (1996)

After a brief history of tape in audio, video, and data storage applications, trends and projections for areal density and cost are given. The enabling technologies required in heads, media, transports and channels to realize these projections are described. The rate of progress in areal density is projected to continue at historical rates or faster for the foreseeable future. Technology tradeoffs between rotary and linear serpentine tape drive technology are discussed. Continued advancement in magnetoresistive head technology is projected to bring serpentine tape recording systems to an areal density par with rotary systems. This paper is a synopsis of the authors update of the National Storage Industry Consortium (NSIC) roadmap for magnetic tape recording technology prepared in 1994.
Synthesis of Nβ-Substituted 1,2-Diazetidin-3-ones by the Ugi Reaction Comprising Chiral α-Hydrazino Acids (2022)

We report the synthesis of a structurally diverse library of chiral N<sup>β</sup>-substituted 1,2-diazetidin-3-ones by a 4-center 3-component Ugi reaction comprising unprotected α-hydrazino acids. Various isocyanides and carbonyl compounds and both aldehydes and ketones were utilized. In addition, postcondensation modifications at three different sites have been demonstrated.
APPLICATION OF MICROEMULSION TO REMEDIATE ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES CONTAMINATED SOILS (2010)

Microemulsion, a system containing water, surfactant, cosurfactant and oil phase, has the potential to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). The aim of this study is to develop microemulsion which could enhance the bioremediation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) contaminated soils. After screening four surfactants and two plant oils, Triton X-100 and linseed oil were selected for microemulsion formation because of their respective instinctive higher solubilizing capacity over other candidates. Microemulsions formed with Triton X-100 and linseed oil could effectively enhance the aqueous solubility of 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), and the enhancement was much higher than that achieved by Triton X-100 solution alone. Besides, the solubilization capacity of Triton X-100-linseed oil system was positively influenced by both cosurfactant (C/S ratios) and oil (O/S ratios) contents of the microemulsions. Desorption tests reveal that this microemulsion system is more effective than its counterpart Triton X-100 solution to desorb DDT from contaminated soil.
A machine for the preliminary investigation of design features influencing the wear behaviour of knee prostheses (2004)

Degradation of tibial inserts in vivo has been found to be multifactorial in nature, resulting in a complex interaction of many variables. A range of kinematic conditions occurs at the tibio-femoral interface, giving rise to various degrees of rolling and sliding at this interface. The movement of the tibio-femoral contact point may be an influential factor in the overall wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial components. As part of this study a three-station wear-test machine was designed and built to investigate the influence of rolling and sliding on the wear behaviour of specific design aspects of contemporary knee prostheses. Using the machine, it is possible to monitor the effect of various slide roll ratios on the performance of contemporary bearing designs from a geometrical and materials perspective.
Gd-doped BaSnO3: A transparent conducting oxide with localized magnetic moments (2016)

We have synthesized transparent, conducting, paramagnetic stannate thin films via rare-earth doping of BaSnO3. Gd3+ (4f7) substitution on the Ba2+ site results in optical transparency in the visible regime, low resistivities, and high electron mobilities, along with a significant magnetic moment. Pulsed laser deposition was used to stabilize epitaxial Ba0.96Gd0.04SnO3 thin films on (001) SrTiO3 substrates, and compared with Ba0.96La0.04SnO3 and undoped BaSnO3 thin films. Gd as well as La doping schemes result in electron mobilities at room temperature that exceed those of conventional complex oxides, with values as high as 60 cm2/V·s (n = 2.5 × 1020 cm−3) and 30 cm2/V·s (n = 1 × 1020 cm−3) for La and Gd doping, respectively. The resistivity shows little temperature dependence across a broad temperature range, indicating that in both types of films the transport is not dominated by phonon scattering. Gd-doped BaSnO3 films have a strong magnetic moment of ∼7 μB/Gd ion. Such an optically transparent conductor with localized magnetic moments may unlock opportunities for multifunctional devices in the design of next-generation displays and photovoltaics.
Femtosecond Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT): A Technique for Versatile Micro-Printing Applications (2007)

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) method exists as a relatively simple and versatile additive surface micropatterning technology. Material is transferred from a supported thin film to a receiver substrate by irradiating the rear side of the film with a single laser pulse. Typically transfer is effected either through melting through of the source film or by ablation of the film at a constrained interface with a resultant pressure build-up propelling a piece of the film to the receiver. Both of these processes have inherent advantages and disadvantages; by melting the source film during transfer, sub-laser spot size features can be produced, but the choice of available materials is reduced and control of deposit morphology is limited. Ablation-driven transfer is less material selective but resultant deposits are typically broken during transfer and scattered over relatively large areas.
Electrochemical Mechanistic Analysis from Cyclic Voltammograms Based on Deep Learning (2022)

For decades, employing cyclic voltammetry for mechanistic investigation has demanded manual inspection of voltammograms. Here, we report a deep-learning-based algorithm that automatically analyzes cyclic voltammograms and designates a probable electrochemical mechanism among five of the most common ones in homogeneous molecular electrochemistry. The reported algorithm will aid researchers' mechanistic analyses, utilize otherwise elusive features in voltammograms, and experimentally observe the gradual mechanism transitions encountered in electrochemistry. An automated voltammogram analysis will aid the analysis of complex electrochemical systems and promise autonomous high-throughput research in electrochemistry with minimal human interference.
Mirion—A Software Package for Automatic Processing of Mass Spectrometric Images (2013)

Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) techniques are of growing interest for the Life Sciences. In recent years, the development of new instruments employing ion sources that are tailored for spatial scanning allowed the acquisition of large data sets. A subsequent data processing, however, is still a bottleneck in the analytical process, as a manual data interpretation is impossible within a reasonable time frame. The transformation of mass spectrometric data into spatial distribution images of detected compounds turned out to be the most appropriate method to visualize the results of such scans, as humans are able to interpret images faster and easier than plain numbers. Image generation, thus, is a time-consuming and complex yet very efficient task. The free software package "Mirion," presented in this paper, allows the handling and analysis of data sets acquired by mass spectrometry imaging. Mirion can be used for image processing of MSI data obtained from many different sources, as it uses the HUPO-PSI-based standard data format imzML, which is implemented in the proprietary software of most of the mass spectrometer companies. Different graphical representations of the recorded data are available. Furthermore, automatic calculation and overlay of mass spectrometric images promotes direct comparison of different analytes for data evaluation. The program also includes tools for image processing and image analysis.
Integer codes correcting double asymmetric errors (2016)

In this study, the authors present a class of integer codes capable to correct single and double asymmetric errors within a codeword. The encoding/decoding procedures for these codes are extremely simple, whereas the error control algorithm resembles the routing process. Thanks to these features, the presented codes have a potential to be practically applied, especially in optical networks covering small areas.
Adaptive prior variance calibration in the Bayesian continual reassessment method (2012)

The use of the continual reassessment method (CRM) and other model-based approaches to design Phase I clinical trials has increased owing to the ability of the CRM to identify the maximum tolerated dose better than the 3 + 3 method. However, the CRM can be sensitive to the variance selected for the prior distribution of the model parameter, especially when a small number of patients are enrolled. Although methods have emerged to adaptively select skeletons and to calibrate the prior variance only at the beginning of a trial, there has not been any approach developed to adaptively calibrate the prior variance throughout a trial. We propose three systematic approaches to adaptively calibrate the prior variance during a trial and compare them via simulation with methods proposed to calibrate the variance at the beginning of a trial.
On the Mechanism of Impaired in Vitro Generation of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine from Thyroxine in the Livers of Hypothyroid Rats* (1979)

It has been demonstrated previously that in rat liver, the generation of T3 from T4 (T3) neogenesis) is mediated by an enzyme present in the crude microsomal fraction and that the activity of the enzyme is enhanced by cofactors present in the cytosol. The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the respective roles of microsomal and cytosolic factors in producing the impaired hepatic T3 neogenesis previously shown to occur in hypothyroid rats. To this end, T3 neogenesis was assessed in mixtures of microsomes and buffer or microsomes and cytosols from intact and thyroidectomized rats in the presence and absence of added cofactors. Regardless of whether studies were conducted with buffer, normal cytosol, or cytosol from hypothyroid animals, microsomes from normal animals consistently generated more T3 from T3 than did microsomes from hypothyroid animals. Moreover, although glutathione (GSH) in buffer greatly stimulated T.i neogenesis in control microsomes, it had little such effect in microsomes from hypothyroid animals. A secondary and less severe abnormality appeared to be present in the hepatic cytosol from hypothyroid rats, since T3 neogenesis was consistently greater in the presence of control cytosol than when cytosol from hypothyroid animals was used. As judged from studies with control microsomes, the defect in supporting activity of cytosol from hypothyroid animals was abolished by the addition of NADPH or GSH. The findings indicate that the major factor responsible for defective T3 neogenesis in the liver of the hypothyroid rat is a decrease in the activity of the 5′-monodeiodinase for T4 present in the crude hepatic microsomal preparation. It is not clear, however, whether the decrease reflects a change in the concentration of enzyme or a change in its properties leading to decreased responsiveness to stimulatory cofactors. A secondary abnormality in hepatic T3 neogenesis is evidently a reduction in the supporting activity of the cytosol, possibly reflecting a decrease in the concentrations of NADPH or GSH, or both.
New synthesis routes to 2‐halopyridines. II. 2‐bromopyridine (1967)

Abstract The use of bromine chloride (equilibrium mixture) in substitution reactions has been extended to heterocyclic substrates. The vapor phase bromination of pyridine (I) with bromine chloride at temperatures as low as 375° (carbon tetrachloride diluent) gave the following product distribution: 2‐bromopyridine (IV) (75%) &gt; 2‐chloropyridine (VI) (21%) &gt; 3‐bromopyridine (II) (2.0%) ≅ 2,6‐dibromopyridine (VI) (1.5%). In contrast, when bromine was employed in place of bromine chloride (450°; carbon tetrachloride diluent), product orientation was significantly altered to give nearly equal quantities of 3‐bromopyridine (II) (17%) and 2‐bromopyridine (IV) (22.7%).
Proteomic profiling of cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnostic potential of SELDI-TOF MS in malignant bile duct stricture (2006)

Proteomic techniques promise to improve the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) in both tissue and serum as histological diagnosis and existing serum markers exhibit poor sensitivities. We explored the use of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to identify potential protein biomarkers of CC. Twenty-two resected CC samples were compared with adjacent noninvolved bile duct tissue. Serum from patients with CC (n=20) was compared with patients with benign disease (n=20), and healthy volunteers (n=25). Samples were analyzed on hydrophobic protein chips via SELDI-TOF MS, and classification models were developed using logistic regression and cross-validation analysis. Univariate analysis revealed 14 individual peaks differentially expressed between CC and bile duct tissue, 4 peaks between CC and benign disease, and 12 peaks between CC and sera of healthy volunteers. The 4,462 mass-to-charge serum peak had superior discriminatory ability to carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (P=.004; receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area under the curve [AUC]=0.76, 0.73, and 0.70, respectively). The training models developed panels of peaks that distinguished CC from bile duct tissue (92.5% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity; ROC AUC=0.96), CC from benign serum (65.0% sensitivity, 70.0% specificity; ROC AUC=0.83), and CC from sera of healthy volunteers (75.0% sensitivity, 100% specificity; ROC AUC=0.92). Serum results were further improved with the inclusion of CA19.9 and CEA (ROC AUC=0.86 and 0.99 for CC vs benign and healthy volunteer serum, respectively). In conclusion, biomarker panels are capable of distinguishing CC from nonmalignant tissue; serum markers have important diagnostic implications for unknown bile duct stricture.
Hypospadias and bladder exstrophy (2002)

Reconstructive surgery for patients with hypospadias, bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy is challenging. Over the last few years, more and more data have become available concerning incidence and epidemiology, as well as short- and long-term results of surgical techniques. The tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for hypospadias repair continues to gain in popularity. However, the results of long-term studies of larger series supporting this enthusiasm are still missing. Buccal mucosa is more frequently used in complex hypospadias cases with good short- and long-term results. The one-stage approach of exstrophy repair seems to be promising. However, failures, which require very complex reconstructions, are also reported. Urodynamic studies demonstrated severe abnormalities of bladder function even in continent patients. Therefore, one must question the normality of voiding patterns, and the price to be paid in achieving continence for patients with exstrophy. Achievement of continence for urine and stool is possible for patients with cloacal exstrophy. The colon should be preserved and should not be used for bladder or vaginal reconstruction. The incidence of neoplasia in patients with bladder exstrophy seems to be higher than expected. However, only one cohort study is presently available.
A Fast Piece-wise Deformable Method for Multi-Modality Image Registration (2006)

Medical image fusion is becoming increasingly popular for enhancing diagnostic accuracy by intelligently 'fusing' information obtained from two different images. These images may be obtained from the same modality at different time instances or from multiple modalities recording complementary information. Due to the nature of the human body and also due to patient motion and breathing, there is a need for deformable registration algorithms in medical imaging. Typical nonparametric (deformable) registration algorithms such as the fluid-based, demons and curvature-based techniques are computationally intensive and have been demonstrated for mono-modality registrations only. We propose a fast and deformable algorithm using a 2-tiered strategy wherein a global MI-based affine registration is followed by a local piecewise refinement. We have tested this method on CT and PET images and validated the same using clinical experts.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Non‐Protein Amino Acids via Microbial Protease‐Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis: Marked Enhancement of Enantioselectivity by the Use of Esters with Longer Alkyl Chains and at Low Temperature. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A modified approach for load flow analysis of integrated AC-DC power systems (2002)

High voltage direct current (HVDC) power distribution systems have been extensively used in modern transmission system. The major concern of the HVDC transmission is the loadflow in the system. This paper is dealing with the development of loadflow solution for a HVDC link in a power system. The loadflow solution is based on the fast decoupled method which needs some iteration to obtain the result. The paper exposed us to the integration of HVDC link with an AC power system. Variables of the direct current link which have been chosen for simulation are the converter terminal DC voltages, converter transformer tap ratios, firing angle of the rectifier and current in the HVDC link. An algorithm has been developed to solve the HVDC link power system loadflow and the algorithm has been tested on the IEEE test system.
Some metal sulphamates and their complexes with diamines and pyridine. Evidence for ambidentate behaviour and linkage isomerism of the sulphamate group (1975)

A range of metal sulphamates has been prepared and characterised by i.r. and visible spectra and magnetic moments. In [M(H2O)4(NH2SO3)2](M = Zn. Co, or Ni) the sulphamate group is co-ordinated via oxygen. On elimination of water, co-ordination via the amino-group occurs, as demonstrated by i.r. spectroscopy. [Cr(H2O)3(NH2SO3)3] Involves N-co-ordinated sulphamate. Two forms of copper sulphamate have been prepared involving N- and O-linked sulphamate groups. The N-bonded sulphamatocopper(II) species undergoes ready decomposition to the sulphate complex. Several complexes of metal sulphamates with ethylenediamine, other diamines, and pyridine have been prepared. [Ni(mepn)2(NH2SO3)2] Is diamagnetic, square planar, but all other NiII species are of octahedral or tetragonally distorted octahedral stereochemistry. The electronic spectrum of the D4h species [Ni(py)4(NH2SO3)2] has been studied in detail and parameters calculated via a spectrum-fitting procedure. This shows the sulphamate group to be oxygen linked, a conclusion confirmed by i.r. spectroscopy. The other sulphamates [M(py)4(NH2SO3)2] are also O-linked, except for [Cu(py)4(NH2SO3)2] which is N-bonded. Some ethylenediamine complexes of copper(II) sulphamate and aminomethanesulphonate are also reported.
Research on Control System of Wind Generation Based on LabVIEW (2012)

This paper presents a control system for wind power generation based on LabVIEW. DSP was used in the control system. An embedded real-time operation system was transplanted into the hardware platform, which manage the control task and dispatch the multi-tasks. The control system application software in the computer was programmed with LabVIEW, which perform the measurement, control, analysis and network functions and can provide analysis report and gave a good human-machine interface. We can do many experiments in this experiment platform.
Optical gain at 1.5 /spl mu/m in nanocrystal Si-sensitized Er-doped silica waveguide using top-pumping 470 nm LEDs (2005)

This paper demonstrates optical gain at 1.5 /spl mu/m in Si-nanocrystal-sensitized, Er-doped silica waveguide using a commercial, low-cost 470 nm LED in top-pumping configuration. Experimental evidence of full inversion with maximum possible gain of 3 dB/cm is presented. Possible application of Si-nanocrystal-sensitized, Er-doped silica for silicon-based microphotonics is also presented.