gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Elicits Cross-Immunity against a Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Strain Expressing LP Fimbriae from the lac Promoter (2001)

The biological significance of fimbrial phase variation in Salmonella serotypes is currently unknown. Exposure to long polar (LP) fimbriae of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium results in selection against lpf phase ON cells of serotype Enteritidis during a subsequent challenge, suggesting that fimbrial phase variation may be a mechanism to evade cross-immunity between Salmonella serotypes. This notion was tested by assessing the effect of an immune response against serotype Typhimurium LP fimbriae on colonization of mice with a serotype Enteritidis mutant in which the lpf promoter region was replaced with the Escherichia coli lac promoter. During a challenge with a serotype Enteritidis mutant carrying the lac promoter in front of the lpf operon, significantly lower numbers were recovered from organs and feces of mice previously immunized with an lpf phase ON culture of serotype Typhimurium than from mice not previously exposed to LP fimbriae. Immunization with the lpf phase ON culture of serotype Typhimurium elicited antibodies that cross-reacted with a purified gluthathione-S-transferase-LpfA fusion protein of serotype Enteritidis. These data suggested that cross-immunity against LP fimbrial proteins cannot be evaded if phase variation on the transcriptional level is prevented by expressing the lpf operon from the lac promoter. These data hence support the idea that phase variation of LP fimbriae is a mechanism to evade cross-immunity between serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium.
Dominant negative inhibition of the association between beta-catenin and c-erbB-2 by N-terminally deleted beta-catenin suppresses the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. (1996)

Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin inactivates the E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and invasion suppressor system in cancer cells. Elucidation of the association between beta-catenin and c-erbB-2 protein prompted us to investigate whether interference with this interaction can change the invasive phenotype. In a human gastric cancer cell line, TMK-1, N-terminally deleted beta-catenin, which binds to c-erbB-2 but not to cadherin, inhibited the association between endogenous beta-catenin and c-erbB-2 protein, and suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin. Cells expressing truncated beta-catenin exhibited markedly reduced invasiveness in vitro and peritoneal metastasis in vivo, and developed an epithelial morphology. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin regulated by c-erbB-2 protein may play an important role in the invasion, metastasis and morphogenesis of cancer cells and that inhibition of the aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin effectively prevents invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.
Enzymatic Solubilization of Heat-denatured Cheese Whey Protein (1978)

Resolubilization of heat-denatured cheese whey protein was achieved by partial enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein with food-grade proteases. The efficiency with which porcine, trypsin, papain, and neutral protease from Bacillus subtitis solubilized the water-insoluble protein was compared by measuring the percentage of water-soluble nitrogen of the corresponding digests. The tryptic digest was completely soluble at neutral pH and was over 90% water-soluble at pH 6.0. This digest had a pronounced solubility minimum of 65% at pH 4.5. Neutral protease gave a digest with similar pH dependence of the solubility, but the percents of water-soluble nitrogen were all below those of the tryptic digest. Papain gave a digest with maximum solubility at pH 3.0 and approximately 80% solubility at neutral pH. The solubility minimum was again at pH 4.5.
Capillary Electrophoresis and Dynamic Light Scattering Studies of Structure and Binding Characteristics of Protein−Polyelectrolyte Complexes (1998)

Complex formation between sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) and two proteins, bovine serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin, was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) over a range of polyelectrolyte molecular weights. We found that the dimensions of the polyelectrolyte chain do not appear to change significantly upon complex formation and that the dependence of complex mobility on its composition is in agreement with a free-draining model. Estimates of intrinsic binding constants, sizes of binding site, and cooperativities in complex formation were obtained by fitting experimental data to the “overlapping binding sites” model. It was found that the cooperativities shown by the binding isotherms are consistent with the dependence of binding density upon NaPSS molecular weights. The latter can be predicted by the overlapping binding sites model for known binding cooperativity, but was not observed experimentally before.
CORE-SINEs: Eukaryotic short interspersed retroposing elements with common sequence motifs (1999)

A 65-bp "core" sequence is dispersed in hundreds of thousands copies in the human genome. This sequence was found to constitute the central segment of a group of short interspersed elements (SINEs), referred to as mammalian-wide interspersed repeats, that proliferated before the radiation of placental mammals. Here, we propose that the core identifies an ancient tRNA-like SINE element, which survived in different lineages such as mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish, as well as mollusks, presumably for >550 million years. This element gave rise to a number of sequence families (CORE-SINEs), including mammalian-wide interspersed repeats, whose distinct 3' ends are shared with different families of long interspersed elements (LINEs). The evolutionary success of the generic CORE-SINE element can be related to the recruitment of the internal promoter from highly transcribed host RNA as well as to its capacity to adapt to changing retropositional opportunities by sequence exchange with actively amplifying LINEs. It reinforces the notion that the very existence of SINEs depends on the cohabitation with both LINEs and the host genome.
A computational study of VEGF production by patterned retinal epithelial cell colonies as a model for neovascular macular degeneration (2017)

The model indicated that the configuration of necrotic and RPE cell-containing regions have a major impact on VEGF expression dynamics and made precise predictions of VEGF expression dynamics by groups of RPE cells of various sizes and configurations. Coupled with biological studies, this model may give insights into key molecular mechanisms of AMD progression and open routes to more effective treatments.
Removable textile devices to improve the energy efficiency of historic buildings (2018)

The paper aims to present innovative studies concerning removable devices for enhancing thermal performances or mitigating criticalities in listed buildings.The first concerns a “high tech” curtain studied for preventing air drafts from the windows, causing different forms of decay in the Sala delle Asse in Castello Sforzesco (Milano), world known for the Leonardo Da Vinci fresco. The second research deals with a new type of “arazzo” (removable and usable seasonally) to improve the insulation of the walls. The study case regards the collection of historic “arazzi” in Sala della Balla, in Castello Sforzesco as well. &#13;\nThe focus is to investigate how its main properties affect the thermal exchange with the air and the surfaces where they are applied. A third study case is a masterpiece of listed modern architecture, Casa del Fascio in Como, where the new uses require cooling with the addition of a shadowing system.
Melatonin, Insomnia and the Use of Melatonergic Drugs (2012)

Due to inconsistency among reports on the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin, attention has been focused on the development of more potent melatonin analogues with prolonged effects. Melatonergic drugs, ramelteon and agomelatine have been effective in treating either sleep disorders or sleep disturbances associated with depressive disorders. MT 1 and MT 2 melatonergic receptor agonist, ramelteon, was found effective in increasing total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and in reducing sleep latency in patients with insomnia. No reduction in its efficacy was found even after 6-12 months of continuous use. The mechanism of sleep promoting action of ramelteon is entirely different from that of conventional hypnotics that are in use today. Ramelteon's use is not associated with any adverse effects even after six months to one year after its continuous usage. Another melatonergic drug, agomelatine, has also been found effective in improving sleep efficiency and quality, and this action of agomelatine is suggested to be one of the major mechanism by which agomelatine ameliorates depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders.
Integrated Design for Magnetically-Driven Liner Inertial Fusion of Preheated and Magnetized Fuel on the Z Accelerator. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
BACE Maps to Chromosome 11 and a BACE Homolog, BACE2 , Reside in the Obligate Down Syndrome Region of Chromosome 21 (1999)

Abundant deposition of amyloid-β (in senile plaques) is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major component of plaques is the 39– to 43–amino acid amyloid-β peptide. Amyloid-β is generated via proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two
Structure of the Aspergillus oryzae α-Amylase Complexed with the Inhibitor Acarbose at 2.0 Å Resolution, (1997)

The three-dimensional structure of the Aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase (TAKA-amylase), in complex with the inhibitor acarbose, has been determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1. 98 A. The tetrasaccharide inhibitor is present as a hexasaccharide presumably resulting from a transglycosylation event. The hexasaccharide occupies the -3 to +3 subsites of the enzyme, consistent with the known number of subsites determined by kinetic studies, with the acarbose unit itself in the -1 to +3 subsites of the enzyme. The transition state mimicking unsaturated pseudo-saccharide occupies the -1 subsite as expected and is present in a distorted 2H3 half-chair conformation. Careful refinement plus extremely well-resolved unbiased electron density suggest that the hexasaccharide represents a genuine transglycosylation product, but the possibility that this apparent species results from an overlapping network of tetrasaccharides is also discussed. Catalysis by alpha-amylase involves the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,4 linkages in amylose with a net retention of the anomeric configuration, via a double-displacement mechanism, as originally outlined by Koshland [Koshland, D. E. (1953) Biol. Rev. 28, 416-336]. The enzymatic acid/base and nucleophile, residues Glu230 and Asp206, respectively, are appropriately positioned for catalysis in this complex, and the hexasaccharide species allows mapping of all the noncovalent interactions between protein and ligand through the enzyme's six subsites.
Coupling‐Independent Sensing Systems with Fully Passive Sensors (2021)

In this chapter, first a distinction is made between forced (or controlled) oscillating systems, which require an external source to tune or sweep the amplitude and/or frequency of oscillation, and self-oscillating systems that can reach a steady-state oscillation on their own. Next, the chapter discusses the respective measurement methods of such systems, starting with those using a nonresonant primary. Then, methods that add either a forced resonator or oscillator to the reader are detailed; as the forced reader is tuned across a frequency range, changes in the frequency response are monitored as a means of sensing. The chapter provides a system-by-system comparison for the reader in terms of both sensitivity of the system to small coupling strengths and complexity of measurement. Finally, it concludes with some future directions in this area including more real-time approaches that preclude the need for tuning/sweeping and sensing using other different sensor modalities.
Lab-in-a-Shell: Encapsulating Metal Clusters for Size Sieving Catalysis (2014)

Here we describe a lab-in-a-shell strategy for the preparation of multifunctional core–shell nanospheres consisting of a core of metal clusters and an outer microporous silica shell. Various metal clusters (e.g., Pd and Pt) were encapsulated and confined in the void space mediated by the entrapped polymer dots inside hollow silica nanospheres acting first as complexing agent for metal ions and additionally as encapsulator for clusters, limiting growth and suppressing the sintering. The Pd clusters encapsulated in hybrid core–shell structures exhibit exceptional size-selective catalysis in allylic oxidations of substrates with the same reactive site but different molecular size (cyclohexene ∼0.5 nm, cholesteryl acetate ∼1.91 nm). The solvent-free aerobic oxidation of diverse hydrocarbons and alcohols was further carried out to illustrate the benefits of such an architecture in catalysis. High activity, outstanding thermal stability and good recyclability were observed over the core–shell nanocatalyst.
A Long-Term Randomized Prospective Trial of the Nissen Procedure Versus a Modified Toupet Technique (1989)

Thirty-one patients about to undergo surgery for gastroesophageal reflux were randomized into either a Nissen fundoplication group (12) or a modified Toupet semifundoplication group (19). All patients were followed on a long-term basis for 5 years with a standard questionnaire, endoscopy, and manometry. Ninety-five percent of the patients in the modified Toupet group had good or excellent results versus 67% for the Nissen group. However both procedures are effective in curtailing esophagitis with an improvement of the endoscopic grading in the Nissen group by 91% and 89% in the group undergoing the modified Toupet procedure. A significant improvement in symptoms (acid regurgitation, heartburn, retrosternal pain) was noted in both groups, except for dysphagia in the Nissen group. Three patients with a Nissen fundoplication had a slipped Nissen requiring reoperation and two had gas-bloat syndrome. These specific complications of the Nissen procedure were not found in the modified Toupet group.
An overview of OMG/CORBA (1997)

An increasing number of applications are now being developed in a distributed setting. The main focus of this paper is on OMG/CORBA (object management group/common object request broker architecture), a widely recognised middle-ware standard for heterogeneous and distributed application integration. We discuss CORBA&apos;s object model and its representation in the OMG interface definition language (IDL). Programming language bindings to IDL are discussed; static and dynamic invocations are distinguished and CORBA services are sketched. The paper concludes by indicating recent standardisation efforts undertaken by the OMG. (6 pages)
Phase Evolution and Growth of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Effect of Hydrazine Addition During Sonication (2013)

The phase evolution of iron oxide was monitored by carefully controlling the addition of hydrazine monohydrate (N2H4·H2O) during ultrasonication. The manner in which hydrazine was added affected the hydrolysis of iron(III) nitrate resulting in two different phases of iron oxides such as maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) or goethite (α-FeOOH) as the major products. The formation of ferric hydroxide and Fe2+ during the addition of hydrazine monohydrate to iron salt solution at low pH was confirmed by structure analysis and 1,10-phenanthroline tests, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of spherical maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) during the dropwise addition of hydrazine, whereas the formation of rod-shaped goethite (α-FeOOH) was confirmed by the instantaneous addition of hydrazine. Through these experiments, we were able to unequivocally establish the importance of hydrazine addition in controlling the phase formation and growth of iron oxide nanoparticles during sonication.
Deregulated expression of Nucleophosmin 1 in gastric cancer and its clinicopathological implications (2014)

Although the expression of NPM1 is heterogeneous in gastric tumors, our results suggest that NPM1 down-regulation may have a role in gastric carcinogenesis and may help in the selection of anticancer treatment strategies.
Application of Role-Based Access Control in Network Management System (2010)

In order to solve the access control problems of network management system in development, This paper presents a role-based multi-granularity access control program, this program implements logical separation between user and access rights, you can customize roles for different user according to their needs, making network management system more flexible and secure in the user management; the program has put fine-grained control of the roles into practice and solve the problem of regional resources access control.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of [1, 2, 3]Triazolo[1, 5‐a]Pyridines from 2‐Acylpyridines by Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative NN Bond Formation (2014)

An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of various [1, 2, 3]triazolo[1, 5-a]pyridines has been established. The method involves a copper(II)-catalyzed oxidative N-N bond formation that uses atmospheric oxygen as the terminal oxidant following hydrazonation in one pot. The use of ethyl acetate as the solvent dramatically promotes the oxidative N-N bond-formation reaction and enables the application of oxidative cyclization in the efficient one-pot reaction. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed on the basis of the results of a spectroscopic study.
Vaccines Hesitancy and the Dermatologist. (2019)

As primary care providers and experts on diseases affecting the skin, such as herpes zoster (shingles) and human papillomavirus-related cancers, dermatologists are often asked to make important recommendations on vaccines and vaccinations; however, a rise in antivaccine attitudes-sometimes referred to as "vaccine hesitancy"-among patient populations, especially in North America and Europe, has created new challenges for the practicing dermatologist. Here we provide a brief overview of some of the major evidence that refutes commonly held misperceptions about vaccines.
Enhancing Boron Uptake in Brain Glioma by a Boron-Polymer/Microbubble Complex with Focused Ultrasound (2019)

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising radiotherapy for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the penetration of drugs (e.g., sodium borocaptate and BSH) for BNCT into brain tumors is limited by cerebral vesicular protective structures, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-brain tumor barrier (BTB). Although BSH has been reported to be selectively taken up by tumors, it is rapidly excreted from the body and cannot achieve a high tumor-to-normal brain ratio (T/N ratio) and tumor-to-blood ratio (T/B ratio). Despite the development of large-molecular weight boron compounds, such as polymers and nanoparticles, to enhance the permeation and retention effect, their effects remain insufficient for clinical use. To improve the efficiency of boron delivery to the tumor site, we propose combinations of self-assembled boron-containing polyanion [polyethylene glycol- b-poly(( closo-dodecaboranyl)thiomethylstyrene) (PEG- b-PMBSH)] nanoparticles (295 ± 2.3 nm in aqueous media) coupled with cationic microbubble (B-MB)-assisted focused ultrasound (FUS) treatment. Upon FUS sonication (frequency = 1 MHz, pressure = 0.3-0.7 MPa, duty cycle = 0.5%, sonication = 1 min), B-MBs can simultaneously achieve safe BTB opening and boron drug delivery into tumor tissue. Compared with the MBs of the PEG- b-PMBSH mixture group (B + MBs), B-MBs showed 3- and 2.3-fold improvements in the T/N (4.4 ± 1.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.1) and T/B ratios (1.4 ± 0.6 vs 0.1 ± 0.1), respectively, after 4 min of FUS sonication. The spatial distribution of PEG- b-PMBSH was also improved by the complex of PEG- b-PMBSH with MBs. The findings presented herein, in combination with the expanding clinical application of FUS, may improve BNCT and treatment of GBM.
Properties of copolymer‐type polyacetal/ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer blends (1993)

Abstract Two kinds of polymer blends, polyacetals (POMs) and ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM), have been prepared by mechanical blending. The rubbery EPDM was added to the rigid POM matrix to increase toughness. The mechanical, physical, thermal, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties of these samples have been measured. The notched Izod impact strength and the elongation of the blends reaches a maximum at 7.5 wt % EPDM content. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that the domain sizes of EPDM vary from 0.25 to 1.0 μm and were independent of the composition. The POM/EPDM blends were determined to be immiscible by SEM, but showed single T g behavior as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyses up to 7.5 wt % EPDM. Because of that, the T g 's of POM and EPDM were very similar in value. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Frequency-domain Pre-equalization Transmit Diversity for DS-CDMA Mobile Radio (2005)

Recently, frequency-domain equalization has been attracting an attention for improving the single-carrier transmission (i.e. DS-CDMA) performance in a frequency-selective fading channel. In the case of uplink transmissions, the orthogonality among users' signals is lost since each user's signal goes through a different fading channel and hence, the use of frequency-domain equalization at the receiver cannot sufficiently improve the uplink transmission performance. In this paper, we propose frequency-domain pre-equalization transmit diversity (FPTD), which employs pre-equalization using multiple transmit antennas with transmit power constraint, in order to transform a frequency-selective channel seen at a base station receiver to a close-to-frequency-nonselective channel. The BER performance with proposed frequency-domain pre-equalization transmit diversity is evaluated by computer simulation.
The Pharmacological Case for Cannabigerol (2020)

Medical cannabis and individual cannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are receiving growing attention in both the media and the scientific literature. The <i>Cannabis</i> plant, however, produces over 100 different cannabinoids, and cannabigerol (CBG) serves as the precursor molecule for the most abundant phytocannabinoids. CBG exhibits affinity and activity characteristics between Δ9-THC and CBD at the cannabinoid receptors but appears to be unique in its interactions with <i>α-</i>2 adrenoceptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT<sub>1A</sub>). Studies indicate that CBG may have therapeutic potential in treating neurologic disorders (e.g., Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, and multiple sclerosis) and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as having antibacterial activity. There is growing interest in the commercial use of this unregulated phytocannabinoid. This review focuses on the unique pharmacology of CBG, our current knowledge of its possible therapeutic utility, and its potential toxicological hazards. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cannabigerol is currently being marketed as a dietary supplement and, as with cannabidiol (CBD) before, many claims are being made about its benefits. Unlike CBD, however, little research has been performed on this unregulated molecule, and much of what is known warrants further investigation to identify potential areas of therapeutic uses and hazards.
Real-time Systems (1991)

Successful application of software engineering methodologies requires an integrated analysis and design life-cycle in which the various phases flow smoothly seamlessly from