gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Condensation between guanidine hydrochloride and diamine/multi-amine and its influence on the structures and antibacterial activity of oligoguanidines (2012)

Abstract The polycondensation of guanidine hydrochloride and diamine leads to various types of oligoguanidines, including linear and branched/cyclic types, which constitutes the mixture of oligoguanidines exhibiting efficient biocidal activities. In the present work, a series of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) were prepared by varying the mole ratio of hexamethylenediamine to guanidine hydrochloride and the reaction conditions, and their antibacterial activities were investigated. The contents of linear and branched/cyclic types in the mixture varied with different reaction conditions, and more branched/cyclic types led to more efficient antibacterial activity. Other oligoguanidines PDMG and PMXMG were synthesized using guanidine hydrochloride and decamethylenediamine and 1,3- benzenedimethanamine, respectively. Their chemical structures were similar to PHMG’s while the antibacterial activities were slightly different from PHMG’s. Further when the polycondensation were conducted between guanidine hydrochloride and multi-amine, such as diethylenetriamine or trithylenetetramine, the chemical structures of products were completely different from the above oligoguanidines. A new five-membered ring structure was observed, and the fivemembered ring structure further decreased the antibacterial activities.
Cedar: An optimized network-aware solution for P2P video multicast (2012)

Video multicast is an important application for P2P networks, which can benefit from the load repartitioning and large scale distribution properties they offer. In this context, the Orchard algorithm was developed in 2007, with an aim to build a P2P system meeting video multicast requirements. However, Orchard suffers from a slow overlay construction and a potentially high end-to-end delay. In this work, we propose a new algorithm that we call Cedar. Based on Orchard, it integrates original functionalities to speed-up the tree construction and builds a topologically-aware overlay network in order to minimize end-to-end delay. Simulation results showed that Cedar fulfilled its requirements, as the tree construction speed was increased by at least 64%, and the end-to-end delays reduced from around 20 seconds to a maximum of 5 seconds. The Network Awareness functionality also reduced end-to-end delays by 33%.
Sign Language Recognition, Generation, and Translation (2019)

Developing successful sign language recognition, generation, and translation systems requires expertise in a wide range of fields, including computer vision, computer graphics, natural language processing, human-computer interaction, linguistics, and Deaf culture. Despite the need for deep interdisciplinary knowledge, existing research occurs in separate disciplinary silos, and tackles separate portions of the sign language processing pipeline. This leads to three key questions: 1) What does an interdisciplinary view of the current landscape reveal? 2) What are the biggest challenges facing the field? and 3) What are the calls to action for people working in the field? To help answer these questions, we brought together a diverse group of experts for a two-day workshop. This paper presents the results of that interdisciplinary workshop, providing key background that is often overlooked by computer scientists, a review of the state-of-the-art, a set of pressing challenges, and a call to action for the research community.
Characterization of Thymic Nurse‐Cell Lymphocytes, Using an Improved Procedure for Nurse‐Cell Isolation (1992)

Thymic nurse cells (TNC), multicellular complexes consisting of lymphoid cells enclosed within cortical epithelial cells, were isolated from mouse thymus by a modified procedure allowing immunofluorescent labeling and flow cytometric analysis of their lymphoid contents (TNC-L). Collagenase was the only protease used for tissue digestion, to ensure that surface antigen markers remained intact. Zonal unit-gravity elutriation was used to enrich the TNC on the basis of their high sedimentation rate, followed by immunomagnetic bead depletion to remove residual mononuclear cell contaminants and a density separation to remove debris. The TNC-L were then released from inside TNC by a short period of culture. The measured contamination of TNC-L with exogenous thymocytes was around 0.5%. Three-color immunofluorescent labeling revealed that TNC-L included, as well as a majority of immature CD4+8+3low thymocytes, about 12% of apparently mature CD4+8-3high and CD4-8+3high thymocytes. TNC are located in the cortex, where mature cells are rare; the occurrence of mature phenotype cells within these structures suggests that they represent a microenvironment for the selection and generation of mature T cells.
Optimal Order Picking in Carousels Storage System (2012)

We study the order picking problem in carousels system with a single picker. The objective is to find a picking scheduling to minimizing the total order picking time. After showing the problem being strongly in NP-Hard and finding two characteristics, we construct an approximation algorithm for a special case (two carousels) and a heuristics for the general problem. Experimental results verify that the solutions are quickly and steadily achieved and show its better performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Optically Active Alcohols from 1,3‐Dioxan‐4‐ones. (1986)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Dioxane (I) mit den Si‐Reagentien (II) und (III) unter der angegebenen Bedingung erhält man die Carbonsäuren (IV) (Diastereoselektivität: 87‐99%).
Detecting Topic-Oriented Speaker Stance in Conversational Speech (2019)

Being able to detect topics and speaker stances in conversations is a key requirement for developing spoken language understanding systems that are personalized and adaptive. In this work, we explore how topic-oriented speaker stance is expressed in conversational speech. To do this, we present a new set of topic and stance annotations of the CallHome corpus of spontaneous dialogues. Specifically, we focus on six stances-positivity, certainty, surprise, amusement, interest, and comfort-which are useful for characterizing important aspects of a conversation, such as whether a conversation is going well or not. Based on this, we investigate the use of neural network models for automatically detecting speaker stance from speech in multi-turn, multi-speaker contexts. In particular, we examine how performance changes depending on how input feature representations are constructed and how this is related to dialogue structure. Our experiments show that incorporating both lexical and acoustic features is beneficial for stance detection. However, we observe variation in whether using hierarchical models for encoding lexical and acoustic information improves performance, suggesting that some aspects of speaker stance are expressed more locally than others. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of modelling interaction dynamics and non-lexical content for stance detection.
Altmetrics and Archives (2016)

Altmetrics are an alternative to traditional measurement of the impact of published resources. While altmetrics are primarily used by researchers and institutions to measure the impact of scholarly publications online, they can also be used by archives to measure the impact of their diverse online holdings, including digitized and born-digital collections, digital exhibits, repository websites, and online finding aids. Furthermore, altmetrics may fill a need for user engagement assessments for cultural heritage organizations. This article introduces the concept of altmetrics for archives and discusses barriers to adoption, best practices for collection, and potential further areas of study.<br><br>This is a post-print [post-peer review] version of a manuscript originally published in <i>Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies</i>: Vol. 4 , Article 1. http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/jcas/vol4/iss1/1 <br><b> </b>
Heterogeneous Virologic Response Rates to Interferon-Based Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Who Responds Less Well? (2004)

The introduction of new agents and regimens for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, such as pegylated interferons and combination therapy with ribavirin, has resulted in substantial improvements in sustained virologic response rates. However, treatment remains a challenge, particularly for certain patient populations, because several virus-related and patient-related factors are associated with a lower virologic response to therapy. Hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and a high baseline viral load are the major viral factors associated with lower response. Patient-related factors include previous relapse or nonresponse to treatment, the presence of cirrhosis, African-American ethnicity, older age, contraindications to treatment, and obesity. This article reviews the data on interferon-based therapies among patients with lower chances for sustained virologic response and discusses the potential of the new pegylated interferons.
The phenotype of some late‐flowering mutants is enhanced by a locus on chromosome 5 that is not effective in the Landsberg erecta wild‐type (1994)

Summary Late‐flowering mutants that have been described in ecotypes other than Landsberg erecta (L er ) have been found to be dominant alleles of the FRI locus located on chromosome 4, which determines lateness in many very late ecotypes. The extreme lateness of dominant FRI alleles depends on dominant alleles at the FLC locus that maps on the top of chromosome 5. FLC alleles with this effect have been found in all ecotypes tested (Col, Ws, S96, Est and Li) except L er . Most likely the same locus confers lateness to the luminidependens (ld) mutant. Genotypes with a dominant FRI allele and the monogenic recessive ld mutant are only slightly later with recessive L er alleles at the FLC locus. Genotypes where the dominant FLC alleles are combined with FRI or with the ld mutant, are strongly responsive to vernalization, which is much less effective in the FLC‐Ler background.
Probing the magnetosphere using chemical releases from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (1992)

During the recent Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, a series of chemical releases occurred in the magnetosphere and ionosphere to study a wide range of plasma processes. The experiments were designed to investigate (1) stimulated electron and ion precipitation, (2) ion transport in the magnetotail, (3) critical ionization velocity (CIV), (4) field line tracing and parallel acceleration, (5) diamagnetic cavity formation and collapse, and (6) plasma instabilities. The satellite orbit was highly elliptical having an apogee of 33 600 km and a perigee of 350 km. The range of altitudes permitted variations in background magnetic field strength and injection velocity. The release materials included barium, lithium, strontium, calcium, and europium. In situ diagnostics on board CRRES and ground-based optical instruments recorded the effects of the chemical releases. The CRRES experiments either (1) verified theoretical predictions, (2) showed new, unanticipated effects, or (3) presented none of the predicted phenomena. Examples of each category are illustrated by one of more of the CRRES chemical releases.
Structureless pose-graph loop-closure with a multi-camera system on a self-driving car (2013)

In this paper, we propose a method to compute the pose-graph loop-closure constraints using multiple non/minimal overlapping field-of-views cameras mounted rigidly on a self-driving car without the need to reconstruct any 3D scene points. In particular, we show that the relative pose with metric scale between two loop-closing pose-graph vertices can be directly obtained from the epipolar geometry of the multicameras system. As a result, we avoid the additional time complexities and uncertainties from the reconstruction of 3D scene points which are needed by standard monocular and stereo approaches. In addition, there is a greater flexibility in choosing a configuration for the multi-camera system to cover a wider field-of-view so as to avoid missing out any loop-closure opportunities. We show that by expressing the point correspondences between two frames as Plücker lines and enforcing the planar motion constraint on the car, we are able to use multiple cameras as one and formulate the relative pose problem for loop-closure as a minimal problem which requires 3-point correspondences that yields up to six real solutions. The RANSAC algorithm is used to determine the correct solution and for robust estimation. We verify our method with results from multiple large-scale real-world data.
A strongly fault-secure and strongly code-disjoint realization of combinational circuits (2003)

Strongly fault-secure (SFS) circuits are known to achieve the totally self-checking (TSC) goal of producing a noncodeword as the first erroneous output due to a fault. Strongly code-disjoint (SCD) circuits are known to always map noncodeword inputs to noncodeword outputs, even in the presence of faults, as long as the faults remain undetected. The authors present a general design method for SFS and SCD combinational circuits for the previously proposed fault model that covers the broad classes of likely faults in VLSI. In the design, the input and output of a combinational circuit are encoded in systematic unordered codes whose check part is obtained by adding two extra bits to the check part of any known systematic unordered code. Thanks to the uniform input/output encoding and the SCD property for the proposed combinational circuits, a number of the circuits can be interconnected in cascade to construct a larger SFS combinational circuit if each interface is sufficiently exercised.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of Dioxins in Food by GCMS/MS Coupled with Boosted Efficiency Ion Source (BEIS) (2020)

Masato Takakura and Eberhardt Kuhn Dioxins are a class of very toxic compounds found throughout the world in the environment. Equipment sensitivity is of great importance for the analysis of low concentrations of these highly-toxic compounds.
Language Politics and Language Survival: Yiddish Among the Haredim in Post-war Britain (2006)

Language Politics and Language Survival: Yiddish among the haredim in post-war Britainra outlines the history and development of the Yiddish language as it is used among Ultra-Orthodox Jews in contemporary Britain. The language policies of these communities are analysed and placed within the greater socio-historical and religious context of rabbinic justifications for the use of Jewish languages, and of Yiddish in particular. Reasons for the general abandonment of Yiddish outside of the laharedira world are also summarized and placed in juxtaposition with the Yiddish language of loyalty of the laharedimra. Yiddish language and corpus planning in laharedira schools is analysed using communal documents and newspaper articles, educational assessments of Jewish schools compiled by laHer Majesty's Inspectorsra, a number of interviews with communal educators, tape recordings of lessons given in Yiddish, and observations made during my own visits to laharedira educational institutions. A significant part of this book is dedicated to the analysis of the Yiddish language itself as it is currently used in Britain. The analysis of spoken Yiddish is based on recordings of speech patterns collected in the course of field work in laharedira schools in London and Manchester and focuses primarily on dialectal usage based on religious sect and the geographic region within Britain. A brief sociological analysis of laharedira literature in Yiddish is provided in order to demonstrate the ideological function of Yiddish language texts in contemporary Britain, and in the laharedira world in general. The primary materials used for this are texts produced by, and published within, the laharedira communities of Britain.
Structure of α-Glycerophosphate Oxidase from Streptococcus sp.:  A Template for the Mitochondrial α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase, (2007)

The FAD-dependent alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO) from Enterococcus casseliflavus and Streptococcus sp. was originally studied as a soluble flavoprotein oxidase; surprisingly, the GlpO sequence is 30-43% identical to those of the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases (GlpDs) from mitochondrial and bacterial sources. The structure of a deletion mutant of Streptococcus sp. GlpO (GlpODelta, lacking a 50-residue insert that includes a flexible surface region) has been determined using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion data and refined at 2.3 A resolution. Using the GlpODelta structure as a search model, we have also determined the intact GlpO structure, as refined at 2.4 A resolution. The first two domains of the GlpO fold are most closely related to those of the flavoprotein glycine oxidase, where they function in FAD binding and substrate binding, respectively; the GlpO C-terminal domain consists of two helix bundles and is not closely related to any known structure. The flexible surface region in intact GlpO corresponds to a segment of missing electron density that links the substrate-binding domain to a betabetaalpha element of the FAD-binding domain. In accordance with earlier biochemical studies (stabilizations of the covalent FAD-N5-sulfite adduct and p-quinonoid form of 8-mercapto-FAD), Ile430-N, Thr431-N, and Thr431-OG are hydrogen bonded to FAD-O2alpha in GlpODelta, stabilizing the negative charge in these two modified flavins and facilitating transfer of a hydride to FAD-N5 (from Glp) as well. Active-site overlays with the glycine oxidase-N-acetylglycine and d-amino acid oxidase-d-alanine complexes demonstrate that Arg346 of GlpODelta is structurally equivalent to Arg302 and Arg285, respectively; in both cases, these residues interact directly with the amino acid substrate or inhibitor carboxylate. The structural and functional divergence between GlpO and the bacterial and mitochondrial GlpDs is also discussed.
Partial discharge decomposition characteristics of typical defects in the gas chamber of SF<inf>6</inf> insulated ring network cabinet (2017)

The decomposition products of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> partial discharge (PD) were experimented to detect PD fault in the gas chamber of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas insulated ring network cabinet. The SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> decomposition products and the decomposition characteristics of typical defects (i.e., metal protrusion and metal particle) were investigated. Two models of typical defects were constructed in the simulated gas chamber. Various discharge intensities were generated by applying different voltages, and the samples were collected and detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Experimental results showed that the stable SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> decomposition components under PD were CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SOF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The concentration of the four components increased with time and were saturated. In addition, the increase in discharge intensity significantly affected the decomposition process. Decomposition characteristics under different defects were analyzed according to the different electric field characteristics. Research showed that CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> formation rate in the two kinds of defects under similar discharge intensity exhibited minimal difference. Furthermore, sulfide formation rate under metal protrusion defects was higher than that of metal particle defects. The same experiment was carried out in the ring network cabinet chamber, and the results were consistent with that in the simulation chamber.
Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ebola virus: Ancient virus on a recent outbreak (2015)

Ebola virus a very old virus, in reference with the WHO bulletin in 1978 the first cases of ebola virus were reported in 1976 in Zaire, as per the reports 280 deaths and 38 serologically confirmed survivors were recorded. The first onset of symptoms were observed in 5 days after receiving an injection of chloroquine for presumptive malaria, the patient actually had a reoccurrence of his malaria symptoms and was treated for so at yambuku Mission Hospital. Within one week several other patients who received injection for the treatment at YMH also suffered from Ebola hemorrhagic fever, and all the cases which were reported had received injection at the hospital or had close contact with the affected person.
Quantitative identification of crop disease and nitrogen-water stress in winter wheat using continuous wavelet analysis (2018)

It is necessary to quantitatively identify different diseases and nitrogen-water stress for the guidance in spraying specific fungicides and fertilizer applications. The winter wheat diseases, in combination with nitrogen-water stress, are therefore common causes of yield loss in winter wheat in China. Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici) are two of the most prevalent winter wheat diseases in China. This study investigated the potential of continuous wavelet analysis to identify the powdery mildew, stripe rust and nitrogen-water stress using canopy hyperspectral data. The spectral normalization process was applied prior to the analysis. Independent t-tests were used to determine the sensitivity of the spectral bands and vegetation index. In order to reduce the number of wavelet regions, correlation analysis and the independent t-test were used in conjunction to select the features of greatest importance. Based on the selected spectral bands, vegetation indices and wavelet features, the discriminate models were established using Fisher’s linear discrimination analysis (FLDA) and support vector machine (SVM). The results indicated that wavelet features were superior to spectral bands and vegetation indices in classifying different stresses, with overall accuracies of 0.91, 0.72, and 0.72 respectively for powdery mildew, stripe rust and nitrogen-water by using FLDA, and 0.79, 0.67 and 0.65 respectively by using SVM. FLDA was more suitable for differentiating stresses in winter wheat, with respective accuracies of 78.1%, 95.6% and 95.7% for powdery mildew, stripe rust, and nitrogen-water stress. Further analysis was performed whereby the wavelet features were then split into high-scale and low-scale feature subsets for identification. The accuracies of high-scale and low-scale features with an overall accuracy (OA) of 0.61 and 0.73 respectively were lower than those of all wavelet features with an OA of 0.88. The detection of the severity of stripe rust using this method showed an enhanced reliability (R2 =0.828).
Keywords: winter wheat, crop disease, powdery mildew, stripe rust, nitrogen-water stress, continuous wavelet analysis, quantitative identification
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181102.3467

Citation: Huang W J, Lu J J, Ye H C, Kong W P, Mortimer A H, Shi Y. Quantitative identification of crop disease and nitrogen-water stress in winter wheat using continuous wavelet analysis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(2): 145–152.