gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inferential modelling technique for constructing second generation knowledge based systems (2002)

A novel inferential modeling technique (IMT) which aims to first clarify the domain ontology and inferences before proceeding onto the dynamic processing aspects of expertise is presented. The proposed model consists of the four levels of strategy, task, inference, and domain layers. The former two levels constitute the dynamic component and the latter two the static component. The static representation consists of the domain primitives and their interrelations, while the dynamic component represents a variety of tasks or activities which manipulate the domain entities in order to accomplish objectives. It is argued that the technique is useful as a tool in the elicitation and analysis phases of the development of a knowledge-based system. A preliminary application of the technique for constructing a knowledge-based system in the chemical engineering domain is described. >
A modular architecture for very large packet switches (2003)

The author proposes a modular architecture for very large packet switches, where each switch consists of a Batcher sorting network, a stack of binary trees, and a bundle of banyan networks. The modular architecture is a unification of the Batcher-banyan switch and the knockout switch, and it can be physically realized as an array of three-dimensional parallel processors. Switch modules are interconnected only at the outputs of multiplexers. The modularity implies less-stringent synchronization requirements and makes higher-speed implementation possible. Nonblocking and self-routing properties of Batcher-banyan switches are used to simplify the switch operation and to avoid the internal flow control problem. Also described is an extended ring reservation algorithm for contention resolution and output space extension. The proposed modular switch is intended to meet the needs of broadband telephone offices of all sizes. The author estimates that a modular switch with terabit capacity can be built with current VLSI technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Small-Animal PET of Tumor Damage Induced by Photothermal Ablation with 64Cu-Bis-DOTA-Hypericin (2011)

(64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin has a potential to image thermal therapy-induced tumor cell damage. The affinity of (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin for injured tissues may be attributed to the breakdown of the cell membrane and exposure of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine to the radiotracer, which binds selectively to these phospholipids.
Control of cell growth by plasma membrane NADH oxidation (2013)

Most cells that have been tested have two trans plasma membrane electron transport systems for the oxidation of cytosolic NADH. The first is an oxidase which transfers electrons from NADH to oxygen through dehydrogenases to coenzyme Q and a terminal reduced coenzyme Q oxidase. The second system for trans membrane electrontransport from NADH is a protein complex called porin or Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC). It transfers electrons across the 32 F. L. Crane et al. membrane on a pair of SH groups which line the channel. It does not react directly with oxygen but transfers electrons to an external artificial acceptor such as ferricyanide. The natural acceptor is most likely to be semidehydroascorbic acid which would be reduced to ascorbate which can be oxidized by ascorbate oxidase acting as the terminal oxidase. Activation of NADH oxidation in serum deficient media stimulates growth of cultured cells. Which oxidase contributes to the growth stimulation has not been determined. Here we consider inhibitors which can help define which NADH oxidation controls growth Growth stimulation is much greater with transformed tumor cells than with untransformed cells. Inhibitors of transmembrane electron transport inhibit growth and a wide group of well known anti tumor drugs are excellent inhibitors of the transmembrane electron transport in tumor cells and are less inhibitory in untransformed cells. The terminal oxidase copper protein, referred to as tNOX or ECTO-NOX, appears to be modified with cell transformation so that it is less firmly attached to the outer surface of the cell and is released into the sera more than c NOX.1 Activation of the trans membrane electron transport increases the NAD+ concentration inside the cell by oxidation of NADH. Since the reduction of pyruvate , which also increases cytosolic NAD, can stimulate growth a function of NAD in growth control is indicated which could involve activation of sirtuin 1 by NAD in the cytoplasm. Sirtuin 1 is known to control the cell cycle and apoptosis.
G211 Analysis of CO_2 Emission in Prospective Distributed Energy Systems with CGS and Heat Pump (2007)

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of CGS for the CO_2 and cost reductions in the prospective distributed energy system, which is a future type system using heat pump for heating instead of boiler. The CGS effectiveness in different building types and regions are discussed, where COP dependencies on the ambient temperature and demands of heating or cooling are considered. The results show that CO_2 reduction effect of CGS in the prospective system is lower than that in the conventional system but the cost reduction effect is higher. It was also shown that the prospective CGS is more advantageous and appropriate in cold region.
Functional multisite copolymer by one-pot sequential RAFT copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride (2017)

Functional multisite copolymers with a controlled number and position of side chains were synthesized by a one-pot RAFT polymerization process and post-functionalization.
Oxadiazole: Synthesis, characterization and biological activities (2011)

The synthesis of novel achiral and chiral amides incorporating 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring are reported. All the synthesized amides are characterized 1H, 13C, FTIR and elemental analysis techniques. Synthesized compounds are screened for microbial and cytotoxic activities.
Brightness Modification Proposals for Televising Color Film (1954)

Color photographic film will undoubtedly provide much of the program material for color television. If film is to be displayed to its greatest advantage, the color gamuts of film and television must be effectively evaluated. Exact colorimetric reproduction of natural scenes is neither possible nor necessarily desirable with live television or with projected motion pictures. In the present state of the art, color television reproduced luminance ranges are limited. Better televised film will result if: (1) the effective scene luminance range is modified, either in the film or in the television system, to conform to that available on the kinescope, and (2) kinescope reproductions of film colors are made lighter with increasing saturations. In principle this color-dependent brightness compensation can be accomplished by several methods. One proposed method would require insertion of new equipment in the television film chain. Alternative suggested methods require only modifications of existing television film chain equipment.
Porous Fibers: Controlled Design of a Robust Hierarchically Porous and Hollow Carbon Fiber Textile for High‐Performance Freestanding Electrodes (Adv. Sci. 21/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900762, Weiwei Lei, Minoo Naebe, and co-workers propose an inventive “dynamic template calcination” strategy to construct hierarchical macro–meso–microporous and hollow carbon fiber textile system without diminishing mechanical robustness. Such unique characteristics offer high surface area and minimized diffusive resistance to mass transport, resulting in a flexible and efficient freestanding electrode.
Specific bradycardic agents--a novel pharmacological class? (1987)

Data have been reviewed and presented which suggest that substances from two different chemical groups, congeners of alinidine and falipamil, respectively, can be described as representatives of a novel and distinct pharmacological class: specific bradycardic agents (SBAs). They are characterized by a slowing of the sinus rate within physiological limits as the prominent cardiovascular effect. Involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors, beta-adrenoceptors and cholinergic receptors as mediators of the bradycardic effects have been excluded. Experiments in isolated atrial preparations suggested that drugs of the same type as alinidine or as falipamil have a similar mode of rate lowering action which is different from that of Ca-channel blockers: low external Ca2+ increased and low Na+ as well as high K+ decreased the bradycardic effect of SBA; verapamil behaved in the opposite way. Combination of different SBAs did not result in excessive additive rate-lowering effects; in contrast, addition of verapamil to maximally acting concentrations of SBAs resulted in a further significant reduction in rate. SBAs were much more potent in reducing spontaneous sinus rate than in reducing BaCl2 induced automaticity, whereas Ca-channel blockers behaved in the opposite way. Differences in the cardiovascular profile against other drugs with rate lowering effects have been pointed out: beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents more markedly decrease contractility and Ca-channel blocking agents more markedly decrease contractility, slow down AV conduction and have vasorelaxing properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extended local Rytov Fourier migration method (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998Extended local Rytov Fourier migration methodAuthors: Lian‐Jie HuangMichael FehlerPeter RobertsCharles BurchLian‐Jie HuangLos Alamos National Laboratory, Michael FehlerLos Alamos National Laboratory, Peter RobertsLos Alamos National Laboratory, and Charles BurchConoco, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820284 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820284FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byGeneralization of the phase-screen approximation for the scattering of acoustic wavesWave Motion, Vol. 31, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Lian‐Jie Huang, Michael Fehler, Peter Roberts, and Charles Burch, (1998), "Extended local Rytov Fourier migration method," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1815-1818. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820284 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Evidence for Multiple Activators for Stress-activated Protein Kinases/c-Jun Amino-terminal Kinases. (1995)

Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) or c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs), which belong to a subgroup of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, are activated in response to a variety of stresses in mammalian cells. An activity to activate a recombinant rat SAPK alpha was detected in extracts obtained from rat fibroblastic 3Y1 cells exposed to hyperosmolar media and was resolved into unadsorbed and adsorbed fractions on Q-Sepharose chromatography. The adsorbed activity was identified as XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4 by using several anti-XMEK2 antibodies. Thus, a 45-kDa protein that was recognized specifically by these anti-XMEK2 antibodies co-eluted with the SAPK alpha activating activity during chromatography on Q-Sepharose and Superose 6, and the activity could be immunoprecipitated by the antibodies from these fractions. The unadsorbed activity, whose level was much greater than that of the adsorbed activity, did not contain XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4 and was also activated in a time-dependent manner by osmotic shock. This activity was further resolved into several peaks during chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and hydroxylapatite. Most of these peaks eluted separately from major peaks of a kinase activity toward p38/MPK2, another subgroup of the MAPK superfamily, whereas the activated XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4 could phosphorylate p38/MPK2 efficiently. These results indicate the existence of multiple activators for SAPK/JNK; one is XMEK2/SEK1/MKK4, and the others are previously undescribed factors.
Table S2 from Suppression of STING Associated with LKB1 Loss in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 shows list of differentially expressed genes between KL and KP in TCGA and CCLE related with figure 1.&lt;/p&gt;
Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Diyne Esters to 1H-Cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes, cis-Cyclopenten-2-yl δ-Diketones, and Bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1,5-dienes (2014)

A synthetic method to chemoselectively prepare 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes, cis-cyclopenten-2-yl δ-diketones, and bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1,5-dienes efficiently by gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-diyne esters is described. These three product classes were accessed divergently by taking advantage of the electronic and steric differences between a phosphine and NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand in the respective gold(I) complexes and that of gold(III) complex combined with substrate substitution patterns and optimized reaction conditions. In the presence of [PhCNAuIPr](+)SbF6(-) (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidine) as the catalyst, substrates with a pendant aryl group at the acetate alkynyl position were found to undergo preferential 1,3-acyloxy migration/5-exo-dig cyclization/Friedel-Crafts reaction to give 1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes. In contrast, the analogous reactions with PicAuCl2 (Pic =2-picolinate) were found to proceed by selective 1,3-acyloxy migration/5-exo-dig cyclization/1,5-acyl migration to afford cis-cyclopenten-2-yl δ-diketones. Changing the catalyst to [MeCNAu(JohnPhos)](+)SbF6(-) (JohnPhos = (1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-di-tert-butylphosphine) and the acetate alkynyl position from an aryl to vinyl substituent in the starting ester led to 1,3-acyloxy migration/5-exo-dig cyclization/Prins-type [2 + 2]-cycloaddition to provide bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1,5-dienes.
Exploring the Limits of Quantum Nonlocality with Entangled Photons (2015)

Nonlocality is arguably among the most counterintuitive phenomena predicted by quantum theory. In recent years, the development of an abstract theory of nonlocality has brought a much deeper understanding of the subject, revealing a rich and complex phenomenon. In the current work, we present a systematic experimental exploration of the limits of quantum nonlocality. Using a versatile and high-fidelity source of pairs of polarization-entangled photons, we explore the boundary of quantum correlations, demonstrate the counterintuitive effect of more nonlocality with less entanglement, present the most nonlocal correlations ever reported, and achieve quantum correlations requiring the use of complex qubits. All of our results are in remarkable agreement with quantum predictions, and thus represent a thorough test of quantum theory. Pursuing such an approach is nevertheless highly desirable, as any deviation may provide evidence of new physics beyond the quantum model.
Computed Dependence of Rubber'S Fatigue Behavior on Strain Crystallization (2009)

Abstract This work explores the consequences of strain crystallization on rubber's fatigue crack nucleation behavior over an extensive space of operating conditions, including tension and compression loading states, and relaxing and non-relaxing cycles. The study considers, via computation, how the nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the fatigue crack growth characteristics, and the damage accumulation law combine to produce the Haigh diagram and the Cadwell diagram. Four hypothetical materials are studied, which differ in their crystallization and associated fatigue crack growth behavior. The calculations demonstrate that a relatively simple idealization can credibly predict the unique shape and sensitivities of observed fatigue behavior over a wide range of conditions. They also clarify how features of the Haigh and Cadwell diagrams are linked to the occurrence of crystallization and to parameters such as the power-law slope and the fatigue threshold.
Kelvin probe studies of cesium telluride photocathode for the AWA photoinjector (2012)

Cesium telluride is an important photocathode as an electron source for particle accelerators. It has a relatively high quantum efficiency (> 1%), is robust in a photoinjector, and long lifetime. This photocathode is fabricated in-house for a new Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) beamline to produce high charge per bunch (~50 nC) in a long bunch train. We present some results from a study of the work function of cesium telluride photocathode using the Kelvin Probe technique. The study includes an investigation of the correlation between the quantum efficiency and the work function, the effect of photocathode aging, the effect of UV light exposure on the work function, and the evolution of the work function during and after photocathode rejuvenation via heating.
Subsurface properties of laser peened 6061–T6 Al weldments (2000)

A high power Q switched laser system has been used to laser shock process or ‘laser peen’ heat affected zones in a welded 6061–T6 aluminium alloy specimen. The effect of laser peening on hardness and elastic modulus versus depth and location with respect to the weld centre of the 6061–T6 specimen with 5083 and 5356 weld filler alloys has been analysed. Two laser energy densities, 100 and 200 J cm -2 , with water as a containment layer, were used to laser peen the metal specimen. In addition to increasing the hardness of the metal the treatment also affected the elastic modulus, and the affected depth varied with respect to the distance from the weld centre.
Red cell ouabain-resistant Na+ and K+ transport in Wistar, Brown Norway and spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1993)

Our previous studies concerning the role of furosemide-resistant cation leaks in genetic hypertension demonstrated that blood pressure of recombinant inbred strains (derived from F2 hybrids of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Brown Norway rats) cosegregated with inward Na+ leak (determined in saline medium) but not with Na+ efflux (measured in Mg(2+)-sucrose medium) or with Rb+ uptake (found in either medium). In the present study the alterations of particular components of ouabain-resistant (OR) Na+ and K+ (Rb+) transport in erythrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were analyzed using saline and Na(+)-free (Mg(2+)-sucrose or choline) incubation media. OR Na+ net uptake was elevated in SHR as compared to both normotensive strains--Brown Norway and Wistar rats. This was mainly due to an increased bumetanide-resistant (BR) Na+ inward leak. On the other hand, Wistar rats did not differ significantly from SHR in either OR Na+ efflux or OR Rb+ uptakes. Major augmentations of BR Na+ efflux and BR Rb+ uptake in SHR erythrocytes were seen not only in Mg(2+)-sucrose medium but also in choline medium. In both Na(+)-free media there was a considerable saturable Na+i-dependent component of BR Na+ and Rb+ fluxes which was more pronounced in SHR than in BN erythrocytes. A great caution is required for the interpretation of the data on "increased passive membrane permeability" obtained in SHR erythrocytes incubated in Na(+)-free media because of the presence of this saturable component which seems to be related to incompletely inhibited Na(+)-K+ pump.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PDX1 in Ducts Is Not Required for Postnatal Formation of β-Cells but Is Necessary for Their Subsequent Maturation (2013)

Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1), a transcription factor required for pancreatic development and maintenance of β-cell function, was assessed for a possible role in postnatal β-cell formation from progenitors in the pancreatic ducts by selectively deleting Pdx1 from the ducts. Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)(Cre);Pdx1(Fl) mice were euglycemic for the first 2 postnatal weeks but showed moderate hyperglycemia from 3 to 7 weeks of age. By 10 weeks, they had near-normal morning fed glucose levels but showed severely impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Yet the loss of Pdx1 did not result in decreased islet and β-cell mass at 4 and 10 weeks of age. Within the same pancreas, there was a mixed population of islets, with PDX1 and MAFA protein expression normal in some cells and severely diminished in others. Even at 10 weeks, islets expressed immaturity markers. Thus, we conclude that Pdx1 is not necessary for the postnatal formation of β-cells but is essential for their full maturation to glucose-responsive β-cells.
Attenuation of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Enhances In Vivo Nonsense Suppression (2013)

Nonsense suppression therapy is an approach to treat genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. This therapeutic strategy pharmacologically suppresses translation termination at Premature Termination Codons (PTCs) in order to restore expression of functional protein. However, the process of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD), which reduces the abundance of mRNAs containing PTCs, frequently limits this approach. Here, we used a mouse model of the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H) that carries a PTC in the Idua locus to test whether NMD attenuation can enhance PTC suppression in vivo. Idua encodes alpha-L-iduronidase, an enzyme required for degradation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. We found that the NMD attenuator NMDI-1 increased the abundance of the PTC-containing Idua transcript. Furthermore, co-administration of NMDI-1 with the PTC suppression drug gentamicin enhanced alpha-L-iduronidase activity compared to gentamicin alone, leading to a greater reduction of GAG storage in mouse tissues, including the brain. These results demonstrate that NMD attenuation significantly enhances suppression therapy in vivo.
Design and Investigation of a Nonlinear Damper Based on Energy Dissipation through Shock and Dry Friction to Suppress Critical Self‐Excited Vibrations in Drilling Systems (2021)

In this paper, a passive damper based on energy dissipation through shock and dry friction (shock‐friction damper) is investigated regarding its design and effectiveness for damping self‐excited torsional vibrations similar to those occurring in deep drilling. The results are compared to the results of conventional friction dampers. The effectiveness of the damper for different operational drilling parameters that change during the drilling process, such as the weight on the bit and the rotary speed of the bit, is analyzed. Two linear reduced order models of a drill string that are based on a complex finite element model are set up. One is reduced using the component mode synthesis and one is reduced to the identified critical mode. A lumped mass represents the inertia of a forcedly connected nonlinear damper. A combined reduced order model of the complex system and the inertia damper is introduced to investigate its dynamic motion and stability. Particular focus is on the energy flow within the dynamic system and on the change of the dissipation energy in the contact. A semi‐analytical solution is derived using the harmonic balance method that is used to investigate the damping effect for various designs and operational parameters. Herein, the modal properties as well as parameters of the damper are examined regarding the damping effect and the stability of the system. Finally, the capability of the mechanism to suppress the self‐excitation due to the bit–rock interaction in a drilling system is discussed, and recommendations are made with respect to the design parameters and placement of the damper.
Hereditary Lymphedema and Distichiasis (1991)

Two patients with lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome illustrate that both Milroy's disease and late-onset hereditary lymphedema are sometimes associated with distichiasis. It is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of the lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome because of its ophthalmic manifestations and the associated systemic abnormalities that can be potentially life threatening.