gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the direct to indirect bandgap transition composition in AlxIn1−xP (2013)

AlxIn1−xP semiconductor alloys grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on InGaAs graded buffer layers with varied aluminum compositions that span the transition from a direct to indirect semiconductor alloy are explored. The direct and indirect band gap transitions are observed in a single AlxIn1−xP sample with 40.8% allowing for a precise determination of the direct-indirect cross-over composition, xc. The direct and indirect nature of observed luminescence peaks is verified using time-resolved photoluminescence. At low temperatures, xc is determined to be 40.5% at a corresponding direct band gap energy of 2.34 eV.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1981)

Coupling mass spectrometers in series provides a new technique that has many advantages for the analysis of specific organic compounds in complex mixtures. Sensitivity to picograms of targeted compounds can be achieved with high specificity and nearly instantaneous response. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from most others of the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent to those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times.
Carbohydrate ProLectin-M, a Galectin-3 Antagonist, Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Activity (2022)

Abstract The SARS-COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) virus binds to human lectins to gain entry into cells to replicate. Blocking the virus’s entry using a complex polysaccharide component of pectin [α (1–6)- D -mannopyranose termed “ProLectin M” and Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II)] that has an effect on viral replication as a therapeutic tool and a safe alternative to existing anti-viral therapies. Little is known about antagonizing galectin-3 viral-blocking activity by inhibiting viral entry into cells and subsequent viral replication, and its impact on the course of infection. Here, we investigated the effect of these non-cytotoxic polysaccharides on Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus and demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in viral load over a 48-hour incubation period with the virus. A pilot clinical study in five patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 disease were treated with an oral formulation of α(1–6)- D -mannopyranose (ProLectin M). All patients achieved complete disease remission with zero hospitalisation or need for oxygen support. Moreover, viral load was significantly lowered within 2 days of drug administration. On the viral envelope, glycans often play a crucial role in enabling transmission of the pathogen and/or entry into its susceptible target cells. In this regard, our NMR spectroscopic studies showed on the molecular level that ProLectin M binds relatively strongly to galectin-3, supporting the idea of an antagonist effect on the lectin. Overall, our study demonstrates that blocking the viral envelope glycans can compromise entry of the virus into susceptible target cells that may translate into a positive clinical effect on the course of infection.
Rule Perseveration during Task-Switching in Brain Tumor: A Severe Form of Task-Setting Impairment (2021)

It has been proposed that at least two distinct processes are engaged during task-switching: reconfiguration of the currently relevant task-set and interference resolution arising from the competing task-set. Whereas in healthy individuals the two are difficult to disentangle, their disruption is thought to cause different impairments in brain-damaged patients. Yet, the observed deficits are inconsistent across studies and do not allow drawing conclusions regarding their independence. Forty-one brain tumor patients were tested on a task-switching paradigm. We compared their performance between switch and repeat trials (switch cost) to assess rule reconfiguration, and between trials requiring the same response (congruent) and a different response for the two tasks (incongruent) to assess interference control. In line with previous studies, we found the greatest proportion of errors on incongruent trials, suggesting an interference control impairment. However, a closer look at the distribution of errors between two task rules revealed a rule perseveration impairment: Patients with high error rate on incongruent trials often applied only one task rule throughout the task and less frequently switched to the alternative one. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping analysis unveiled the relationship between lesions localized in left orbitofrontal and posterior subcortical regions and perseveration scores, measured as absolute difference in accuracy between two task rules. This finding points to a more severe task-setting impairment, not reflected as a mere switching deficit, but instead as a difficulty in creating multiple stable task representations, in line with recent accounts of OFC functions suggesting its critical role in representing task states.
Plant-derived flavanol (−)epicatechin mitigates anxiety in association with elevated hippocampal monoamine and BDNF levels, but does not influence pattern separation in mice (2015)

Flavanols found in natural products such as cocoa and green tea elicit structural and biochemical changes in the hippocampus, a brain area important for mood and cognition. Here, we evaluated the outcome of daily consumption of the flavanol (-)epicatechin (4 mg per day in water) by adult male C57BL/6 mice on measures of anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF). Furthermore, pattern separation, the ability to distinguish between closely spaced identical stimuli, considered to be mediated by the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), was tested using the touchscreen. To investigate mechanisms through which (-)epicatechin may exert its effects, mice were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (50 mg kg(-1)) to evaluate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, monoaminergic and neurotrophin signaling pathway proteins were measured in tissue derived from subject cortices and hippocampi. Flavanol consumption reduced anxiety in the OF and EPM. Elevated hippocampal and cortical tyrosine hydroxylase, downregulated cortical monoamine oxidase-A levels, as well as increased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF support the flavanol's anxiolytic effects. In addition, elevated pAkt in hippocampus and cortex was observed. (-)Epicatechin ingestion did not facilitate touchscreen performance or DG neurogenesis, suggesting a non-neurogenic mechanism. The concurrent modulation of complementary neurotrophic and monoaminergic signaling pathways may contribute to beneficial mood-modulating effects of this flavanol.
Resveratrol Supplementation Did Not Improve Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial (2016)

In conclusion, we have shown that 1 month of a resveratrol supplementation (200 mg/day) did not improve episodic memory, working memory, attention and concentration capacity, inhibitory control, interference measures, selective attention, and mental flexibility as compared with placebo in patients with SZ.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of Allylamines via the Regioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination Reaction  [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 6761−6762]. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionEnantiospecific Synthesis of Allylamines via the Regioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination Reaction [J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 6761−6762].P. Andrew Evans, John E. Robinson, and Jade D. NelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 51, 12214Publication Date (Web):December 10, 1999Publication History Published online10 December 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja995539fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja995539fcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1035Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (27 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Delta-doped Schottky diode nonlinear transmission lines for 480-fs, 3.5-V transients (1994)

Waveforms having 480-fs, 3.5-V transients were generated with a delta-doped GaAs Schottky diode nonlinear transmission line and measured with an on-chip diode sampling bridge at room temperature. Integration of delta-doped diodes with high C(V) nonlinearity and uniform-doped diodes with high speed made possible a transient waveform two times shorter than any previously measured.
Primary immunization with a triple diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine in Iranian infants: an analysis of antibody response. (2009)

Universal vaccination of neonates and children against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has had a tremendous impact on the control of these infectious diseases worldwide. Immunization by the triple diphtheria, tetanus and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) has been applied in Iran for almost 50 years. Periodic assessment of immunogenicity of this vaccine is an important aspect of successful mass vaccination programs. The present study was performed to assess the antibody response against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis in a group of Iranian infants vaccinated with a local DTwP vaccine. In this prospective study, 330 infants received primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with DTwP vaccine manufactured by Razi Institute of Iran. Blood samples were taken 2-4 weeks after the third dose to assess seroprotection and geometric mean titers ( GMT) of specific antibodies. Among the 283 infants who completed the vaccination course, 98.2% and 100% developed antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus, respectively. The GMT of antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, were 2.09 IU/ml, 2.08 IU/ml and 8.73 EU/ml, respectively. Comparison of the results obtained from this study with those from previous studies performed in other countries revealed a similar GMT and protection rates for diphtheria and tetanus components. In the absence of well-established serological criteria, judgment about protection rate against pertussis has not been possible. A prospective vaccination study using the local DTwP vaccine in parallel to a WHO approved standard vaccine, could enable assessment of immunogenicity of the pertussis component.
Impeding Malware Analysis Using Conditional Code Obfuscation (2008)

Malware programs that incorporate trigger-based behavior initiate malicious activities based on conditions satisfied only by specific inputs. State-of-the-art malware analyzers discover code guarded by triggers via multiple path exploration, symbolic execution, or forced conditional execution, all without knowing the trigger inputs. We present a malware obfuscation technique that automatically conceals specific trigger-based behavior from these malware analyzers. Our technique automatically transforms a program by encrypting code that is conditionally dependent on an input value with a key derived from the input and then removing the key from the program. We have implemented a compiler-level tool that takes a malware source program and automatically generates an obfuscated binary. Experiments on various existing malware samples show that our tool can hide a significant portion of trigger based code. We provide insight into the strengths, weaknesses, and possible ways to strengthen current analysis approaches in order to defeat this malware obfuscation technique. 1
Safer smart contract programming with Scilla (2019)

The rise of programmable open distributed consensus platforms based on the blockchain technology has aroused a lot of interest in replicated stateful computations, aka smart contracts. As blockchains are used predominantly in financial applications, smart contracts frequently manage millions of dollars worth of virtual coins. Since smart contracts cannot be updated once deployed, the ability to reason about their correctness becomes a critical task. Yet, the de facto implementation standard, pioneered by the Ethereum platform, dictates smart contracts to be deployed in a low-level language, which renders independent audit and formal verification of deployed code infeasible in practice. We report an ongoing experiment held with an industrial blockchain vendor on designing, evaluating, and deploying Scilla, a new programming language for safe smart contracts. Scilla is positioned as an intermediate-level language, suitable to serve as a compilation target and also as an independent programming framework. Taking System F as a foundational calculus, Scilla offers strong safety guarantees by means of type soundness. It provides a clean separation between pure computational, state-manipulating, and communication aspects of smart contracts, avoiding many known pitfalls due to execution in a byzantine environment. We describe the motivation, design principles, and semantics of Scilla, and we report on Scilla use cases provided by the developer community. Finally, we present a framework for lightweight verification of Scilla programs, and showcase it with two domain-specific analyses on a suite of real-world use cases.
Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists as Immunomodulators: New Therapeutic Views? (1996)

Considerable evidence has emerged to suggest that histamine participates in the regulation of the inflammatory response, immune reaction, coagulation cascade, and cardiovascular function. Furthermore, histamine may play a major role in the growth of normal and malignant tissue as a regulator of proliferation and angiogenesis. Specific histamine receptors have been identified on the surface of bone marrow cells, immune competent cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and also on malignant cells. This has prompted research in regulation by specific histamine receptor agonists and antagonists. Results from such studies are currently accumulating and suggest that the histamine-2 receptor antagonists have potential beneficial effects in the treatment of certain malignant, autoimmune and skin diseases, either alone or in combination with other drugs. The beneficial effect of histamine-2 receptor antagonists as adjuvant single drugs to reduce trauma-, blood transfusion- and sepsis-induced immunosuppression has led to research in combined treatment regimens in major surgery, particularly, of patients operated on for malignant diseases.
A Detailed Oklahoma Stress Map for Induced Seismicity Mitigation (2015)

We report progress on a project to create a detailed map of in situ stress orientations and relative magnitudes throughout the state of Oklahoma. Over the past 5 years, seismicity has increased remarkably in much of the state, apparently related to significant increases in waste-water injection. The purpose of this project is to develop detailed knowledge of the stress field in the state to identify which pre-existing faults could be potentially active in response to injection-related pore-pressure increases. Over 50 new stress orientations have been obtained, utilizing wellbore image data and shear-velocity-anisotropy measurements from sonic dipole data provided by the oil and gas industry. These data reveal a very uniform ENE direction of maximum compressive stress through much of the state. As earthquake focal plane mechanisms generally indicate strike-slip faulting, the stress orientation data identify which pre-existing faults are potentially active. The data are consistent with slip on the nearvertical, NE-trending fault associated with at least one of the M 5+ earthquakes in the Prague, OK, sequence in 2011. If successful, it would demonstrate that combining detailed information about pre-existing faults and the current stress field could be used to guide the siting of injection wells so as to decrease the potential for injection-related seismicity.
Ge0.6Si0.4 rib waveguide avalanche photodetectors for 1.3 μm operation (1986)

Performance of strained-layer superlattice Ge0.6Si0.4 waveguide avalanche photodetectors is evaluated for optical fiber applications at 1.3 μm. These devices are grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Waveguiding is accomplished by means of a 1.5–1.8-μm-thick Si rib waveguide which provides an effective index step of δn=8×10−3. The detector response bandwidth exceeds 8 GHz at a gain of 6. A receiver sensitivity of ηP̄=−29.4 dBm has been obtained at the data rate of 800 Mb/s with the corresponding error-free transmission over 45 km of single mode fiber.
Gaze-Augmented Drone Navigation (2023)

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones, has significantly increased over the past few years. There is a growing demand in the drone industry, creating new workforce opportunities such as package delivery, search and rescue, real estate, transportation, agriculture, infrastructure inspection, and many others, signifying the importance of effective and efficient control techniques. We propose a scheme for controlling a drone through gaze extracted from eye-trackers, enabling an operator to navigate through a series of way points. Then we demonstrate and test the utility of our approach through a pilot study against traditional controls. Our results indicate gaze as a promising control technique for navigating drones revealing novel research avenues.
The bias of galaxies and the density of the universe from the 2dF galaxy redshift survey (2002)

By studying the bispectrum of the galaxy distribution in the 2dF galaxy redhsift survey (2dFGRS), we have shown that 2dFGRS galaxies are unbiased tracers of the mass distribution. This allows us the break the degeneracy intrinsic to power spectrum studies, between the matter density parameter Omega_m and the bias parameter b, and to obtain an accurate measurement of Omega_m: Omega_{m,z_{eff}}=0.27 \pm 0.06, a measurement obtained from the 2dFGRS alone, independently from other data sets. This result has to be interpreted as Omega_m at the effective redshift of the survey z_{eff}=0.17. Extrapolated at z=0 we obtain Omega_m=0.2 \pm 0.06 for the LCDM model. This constraint on the matter density parameter when combined with cosmic microwave background constraints on the flatness of the Universe, show firm evidence that the Universe is dominated by a vacuum energy component.
Engineered Herpes Simplex Viruses for the Treatment of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (2012)

Abstract : A significant proportion of patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) will develop benign neurofibromas in their peripheral nerves that will progress to malignant tumors that are called malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors or MPNST. These tumors grow progressively and if they cannot be completely removed surgically, they are eventually fatal. Radiation provides some benefit but is mostly ineffective and there are no proven chemotherapy type drugs or medicines that will prevent the progressive growth of these tumors. We have been working with genetically engineered human herpes simplex virus (HSV) as a means of treating nervous system tumors. We have genetically modified these viruses to make them safe and unable to grow in normal cells, but they will grow in tumor cells and will eventually cause the tumor cells to die, a process called oncolysis (tumor lysis). In addition, we have inserted several different kinds of genes in these viruses that allow them to overcome different mechanisms that tumor cells have to prevent virus growth. Our objective is to determine whether or not MPNST cells can be infected and killed by our oHSVs. We will test our panel of viruses against a panel of mouse and human MPNST cells that are maintained in tissue culture. We will examine the molecular changes in this large panel of tumor cells (tumor genotype) to determine how each virus is able to overcome each tumor s anti-virus defenses. We believe that all possible anti-virus defense mechanisms would be represented in our panel of both mouse and human MPNSTs and that we will be able to match the most effective oHSV engineered to overcome that mechanism used to block the virus.
Associations between bolus infusion of hydrocortisone, glycemic variability and insulin infusion rate variability in critically Ill patients under moderate glycemic control (2015)

Bolus infusion of hydrocortisone is independently associated with higher glycemic variability and higher insulin infusion rate variability in ICU patients. Studies are needed to see if continuous infusion of hydrocortisone prevents higher glycemic variability and higher insulin infusion rate variability.
Fluoroform‐Derived CuCF3 for Low‐Cost, Simple, Efficient, and Safe Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Boronic Acids in Air (2012)

Es geht auch einfach: Arylboronsäuren gehen selektive Trifluormethylierungen mit CuCF3 in DMF in nicht getrockneter Luft ein. Die Reaktion verläuft unter milden Bedingungen (1 atm, Raumtemperatur), toleriert diverse funktionelle Gruppen und liefert trifluormethylierte aromatische Verbindungen in bis zu 99 % Ausbeute.
The reactivity of 1,2-diketones during the photoinduced reduction of water in microheterogeneous systems (1992)

M. Coelhan and H. Parlar, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 389 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000389
Permeability anomaly of Co-based amorphous thin-film stripes (1992)

As the recording density and data rate of magnetic disk drives increase, magnetic thin film heads with narrow tracks will have to be used at high frequencies. An understanding of magnetization changes at high frequency for soft magnetic films is therefore important in designing high-performance heads. It has recently reported that the permeabilities of unlaminated Ni-Fe snipes decrease at high frequencies and those of laminated Ni-Fe/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> stripes show the flat frequency response. In this study, the permeabilities of laminated and unlaminated Co-based amorphous stripes are measured and the magnetization changes observed using a scanning Kerr effect microscope at high frequencies. It was found that the unlaminated stripes have some peaks in permeability and this phenomenon is related to the 180° wall motion.
New Amniotic Membrane Based Biocomposite for Future Application in Reconstructive Urology (2016)

Am reinforcement with electrospun nanofibers offers a new strategy to improve Am mechanical resistance without affecting its unique bioactivity profile.