gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Impedance Tomographic Methods for Sensing Strain Fields and Crack Damage in Cementitious Structures (2008)

Cement-based composites (for example, concrete) are brittle materials that crack when loaded in tension. Current strategies for crack detection are primarily based upon visual inspection by an inspector; such approaches are labor-intensive and expensive. Direly needed are sensors that can be included within a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for automated quantification of crack damage. This study explores the use of cementitious materials as their own sensor platform capable of measuring mechanical behavior under loading. Fundamentally, this self-sensing functionality will be based upon electro-mechanical properties. First, the piezoresistivity of cementitious composites is quantified so as to establish the material as a multifunctional system capable of self-sensing. Second, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is proposed for measuring internal strain fields using only electrical measurements taken along the boundary of the structural element. An inherent advantage of EIT is that it is a distributed sensing approach offering measurement of strain fields across 2D or 3D. Furthermore, the approach is well suited for imaging cracks which appear as conductivity reductions in EIT-derived conductivity maps. Finally, to validate the accuracy of the EIT technique, it is applied to fiber reinforced cementitious composite elements loaded by axial tension-compression cycles and 3-point bending.
The Retinoic Acid Receptors α and β are Expressed in the Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL-60 (1989)

The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 can be induced to differentiate into granulocytes upon exposure to retinoids. Previously we have shown that extracts of undifferentiated HL-60 cells possess a specific retinoid-binding activity (RSBP-1) corresponding to an approximate 95 kilodalton (kDa) protein as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. We now extend these observations to reveal a second approximate 95 kDa retinoic acid-binding component (RSBP-2), which is separable from RSBP-1 using anion exchange chromatography. We further show that the chromatographic properties of RSBP-1 and RSBP-2 are identical to those found for the retinoid-binding activities present in extracts of HeLa cells transfected with the human retinoic acid receptor (RAR) expression vectors RAR-beta phi and RAR-alpha phi, respectively. Moreover, an antiserum preparation directed against RAR-beta selectively immunoprecipitated both the retinoid-binding activity in extracts of HeLa cells transfected with RAR-beta phi and that corresponding to RSBP-1 in HL-60 cell extracts. Similarly, an antiserum preparation directed against RAR-alpha immunoprecipitated the retinoid-binding activity in extracts from RAR-alpha phi transfected HeLa cell as well as that corresponding to RSBP-2 in HL-60 cell extracts. Using these antisera, Western blot analyses of extracts from HL-60 cells, and from HeLa cells transfected with either RAR-alpha phi or RAR-beta phi, confirmed that RSBP-2 and RSBP-1 are identical to RAR-alpha and RAR-beta, respectively. However, RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, RSBP-1, and RSBP-2 appeared as an approximate 51 kDa species in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in contrast with an apparent approximate 95 k mol wt as estimated from size-exclusion chromatography in the presence of 0.6 M KCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DNA/Lipid Complex Incorporated with Fibronectin to Cell Adhesion Enhances Transfection Efficiency in Prostate Cancer Cells and Xenografts (2007)

Previously we have described the development and applications of lipid-based nanoparticles for gene delivery vector. In an attempt to improve transfection efficiency using the cell adhesion of extracellular matrix (ECM) to DNA/lipid complex (nanoplex), the mRNA expression of integrin alpha2beta1 and CD44 in prostate cancer cells was detected as adhesion molecules for fibronectin (Fn), collagen I (Col) and laminin (Lam) using a commercially available cDNA array (GEArray) system. These ECM proteins could enhance DNA transfection activity in cells when coated on the nanoplex. Among the ECM proteins, Fn-coating nanoplexes significantly increased transfection activity 2-fold in prostate cancer PC-3 cells, and exhibited higher DNA transfection activities to PC-3 xenografts, compared with commercially available cationic polymer in vivo jetPEI. These results indicated that Fn-coating nanoplexes could facilitate efficient transfection of prostate tumor cells.
Epithelial Barriers in Homeostasis and Disease (2010)

Epithelia form barriers that are essential to life. This is particularly true in the intestine, where the epithelial barrier supports nutrient and water transport while preventing microbial contamination of the interstitial tissues. Along with plasma membranes, the intercellular tight junction is the primary cellular determinant of epithelial barrier function. Disruption of tight junction structure, as a result of specific protein mutations or aberrant regulatory signals, can be both a cause and an effect of disease. Recent advances have provided new insights into the extracellular signals and intracellular mediators of tight junction regulation in disease states as well as into the interactions of intestinal barrier function with mucosal immune cells and luminal microbiota. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of the tight junction in health and explore the contributions of barrier dysfunction to disease pathogenesis.
Mycobacterial Cells Have Dual Nickel-Cobalt Sensors (2007)

A novel ArsR-SmtB family transcriptional repressor, KmtR, has been characterized from mycobacteria. Mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacking kmtR show elevated expression of Rv2025c encoding a deduced CDF-family metal exporter. KmtR-dependent repression of the cdf and kmtR operator-promoters was alleviated by nickel and cobalt in minimal medium. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and fluorescence anisotropy show binding of purified KmtR to nucleotide sequences containing a region of dyad symmetry from the cdf and kmtR operator-promoters. Incubation of KmtR with cobalt inhibits DNA complex assembly and metal-protein binding was confirmed. KmtR is the second, to NmtR, characterized ArsR-SmtB sensor of nickel and cobalt from M. tuberculosis suggesting special significance for these ions in this pathogen. KmtR-dependent expression is elevated in complete medium with no increase in response to metals, whereas NmtR retains a response to nickel and cobalt under these conditions. KmtR has tighter affinities for nickel and cobalt than NmtR consistent with basal levels of these metals being sensed by KmtR but not NmtR in complete medium. More than a thousand genes encoding ArsR-SmtB-related proteins are listed in databases. KmtR has none of the previously defined metal-sensing sites. Substitution of His88, Glu101, His102, His110, or His111 with Gln generated KmtR variants that repress the cdf and kmtR operator-promoters even in elevated nickel and cobalt, revealing a new sensory site. Importantly, ArsR-SmtB sequence groupings do not correspond with the different sensory motifs revealing that only the latter should be used to predict metal sensing.
Cache-Efficient, Intranode, Large-Message MPI Communication with MPICH2-Nemesis (2009)

The emergence of multicore processors raises the need to efficiently transfer large amounts of data between local processes. MPICH2 is a highly portable MPI implementation whose large-message communication schemes suffer from high CPU utilization and cache pollution because of the use of a double-buffering strategy, common to many MPI implementations. We introduce two strategies offering a kernel-assisted, single-copy model with support for noncontiguous and asynchronous transfers. The first one uses the now widely available vmsplice Linux system call; the second one further improves performance thanks to a custom kernel module called KNEM. The latter also offers I/OAT copy offload, which is dynamically enabled depending on both hardware cache characteristics and message size. These new solutions outperform the standard transfer method in the MPICH2 implementation when no cache is shared between the processing cores or when very large messages are being transferred. Collective communication operations show a dramatic improvement, and the IS NAS parallel benchmark shows a 25% speedup and better cache efficiency.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Less Accessible α‐Tertiary Amines from Alkynyl Z‐Ketimines (2017)

Abstract A highly stereoselective synthesis of hitherto less accessible chiral α‐tertiary amines with multiple structurally similar linear carbon chains was achieved through chiral auxiliary mediated addition of organolithium reagents to the geometrically well‐controlled alkynyl Z ‐ketimines. This stereoselective nucleophilic addition offers a general approach to the asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen‐containing chiral materials.
Photophysical Properties of Phosphorescent Mono- and Bimetallic Platinum(II) Complexes with C∧C* Cyclometalating NHC Ligands (2021)

Due to their square-planar geometry, platinum(II) complexes demonstrate an extraordinary and unique photophysical behavior. The photophysical properties of monometallic platinum(II) complexes depend on the concentration, while in bimetallic platinum(II) complexes they depend on the distance between the metal centers. In this study we reveal a correlation between the electronic and photophysical properties of monomeric monometallic platinum(II) complexes and their aggregates with the corresponding bimetallic complexes.
Pretreatment C-Reactive Protein Is a Predictor for Outcomes after Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2008)

We tested the independent prognostic impact of 2 commonly used biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6, on the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Consecutive patients who underwent a uniform reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen of fludarabine (Flu), melphalan (Mel), and alemtuzumab were evaluated retrospectively. Cryopreserved serum samples drawn before the RIC were available to measure CRP levels in 81 patients and IL-6 levels in 79 patients. Patients with CRP levels above the median of 18.5 mg/L had significantly more grade 3-4 hepatic toxicity (P=.01), longer HCT hospital stay (P=.005), more acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) (P=.003), greater nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (P=.01), and inferior overall survival (OS; P=.02). Higher baseline CRP showed no significant correlation with grade 3-4 infectious toxicity (P=.09). In contrast to CRP, pre-HCT IL-6 levels above the median of 78.3 pg/mL did not confer a statistically significant increased risk of toxicity or mortality. An elevated HCT comorbidity index (HCT-CI) did not predict for any measure of HCT morbidity. After adjustment for disease status, comorbidity, performance status, and age, elevated CRP concentration remained predictive of NRM. These data require confirmation in non-T cell-depleted conditioning regimens. If validated, they suggest that preconditioning CRP holds promise for enhancing estimates of transplantation tolerance.
N-Alkylation of Polyaniline with Simultaneous Surface Graft Copolymerization for Inducing and Maintaining a Conductive State (2000)

Surface modification of the freestanding polyaniline (PANI) base film and coating on low-density polyethylene film was carried out by graft copolymerization with vinyl benzyl chloride (VBzCl) using UV-induced and heat-induced methods. These samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV−visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and conductivity measurements. The reaction of PANI with VBzCl results in the alkylation of the imine nitrogen. The chloride ions (Cl-) formed during the alkylation then serve as the counterions to the N+ components of PANI resulting in a doped and conductive state. At the same time, the polymerization of the VBzCl via the vinyl groups results in the formation of a hydrophobic layer on the PANI surface. The hydrophobic polymer layer acts as the barrier for preventing the undoping of the graft copolymerized samples, and these grafted samples can maintain their conductive state even when exposed to aqueous solutions with pH as high as 12.
Massive Data Pre-Processing with a Cluster Based Approach (2004)

Data coming from complex simulation models reach easily dimensions much greater than available computational resources. Visualization of such data still represents the most intuitive and effective tool for scientific inspection of simulated phenomena. To ease this process several techniques have been adopted mainly concerning the use of hierarchical multi-resolution representations. In this paper we present the implementation of a hierarchical indexing schema for multiresolution data tailored to overwork the computational power of distributed environments.
Moisture Displacement and the Prevention of Surface Electrical Leakage (1976)

Electrical leakage across the surface of moist insulation can be reduced by the application of water-displacing fluids, and the susceptibility of many surfaces to leakage can be reduced by protective coatings. The water-displacing abilities and the protection provided by several agents were evaluated, and a superior formulation was developed. This formulation rapidly displaced moisture to restore insulation resistivity, and dried to a solid film which maintained high resistivity upon reexposure to moisture. The film also protected metal parts against corrosion, but had a minimal effect on electrical contacts. This material should be useful in the maintenance of aircraft and shipboard electrical and electronic equipment, and will aid in the restoration to service or temporary preservation of flooded equipment. The water-displacing action is produced by the use of n-butanol in the solvent blend. The protective film is composed of a paraffin wax, an ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer, and a corrosion inhibitor.
A highly-linear highly efficient HBT for communications circuits (2005)

A Martin Marietta Laboratory heterojunction bipolar transistor, which was fabricated using a base-emitter realigned process to reduce surface recombination, has been load pulled to demonstrate that it is simultaneously highly linear and efficient. Achieving a breakthrough in highly linear C-band communications power amplification, the HBT demonstrated a linearity of 30 dB C/I, typically required by communications systems, with 61% power added efficiency at 6 GHz. When tuned for maximum efficiency it achieved 72% P.A.E.
Experimental organic chemistry (Todd, David) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTExperimental organic chemistry (Todd, David)Wilmer K. Fife Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 12, A380Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1979Published inissue 1 December 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ed056pA380.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Rapid Prototyping of Multilayer Microphysiological Systems (2020)

Microfluidic organs-on-chips aim to realize more biorelevant in vitro experiments compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) static cell culture. Often such devices are fabricated via poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) soft lithography, which offers benefits (e.g., high feature resolution) along with drawbacks (e.g., prototyping time/costs). Here, we report benchtop fabrication of multilayer, PDMS-free, thermoplastic organs-on-chips via laser cut and assembly with double-sided adhesives that overcome some limitations of traditional PDMS lithography. Cut and assembled chips are economical to prototype ($2 per chip), can be fabricated in parallel within hours, and are Luer compatible. Biocompatibility was demonstrated with epithelial line Caco-2 cells and primary human small intestinal organoids. Comparable to control static Transwell cultures, Caco-2 and organoids cultured on chips formed confluent monolayers expressing tight junctions with low permeability. Caco-2 cells-on-chip differentiated ∼4 times faster, including increased mucus, compared to controls. To demonstrate the robustness of cut and assemble, we fabricated a dual membrane, trilayer chip integrating 2D and 3D compartments with accessible apical and basolateral flow chambers. As proof of concept, we cocultured a human, differentiated monolayer and intact 3D organoids within multilayered contacting compartments. The epithelium exhibited 3D tissue structure and organoids expanded close to the adjacent monolayer, retaining proliferative stem cells over 10 days. Taken together, cut and assemble offers the capability to rapidly and economically manufacture microfluidic devices, thereby presenting a compelling fabrication technique for developing organs-on-chips of various geometries to study multicellular tissues.
Antioxidant and Membrane Effects of Procyanidin Dimers and Trimers Isolated from Peanut and Cocoa (2005)

The antioxidant and membrane effects of dimer (Dim) and trimer (Trim) procyanidins isolated from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) (B- and C-bonded) and peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) skin (A-bonded) were evaluated in phosphatidyl choline liposomes. When liposomes were oxidized with a steady source of oxidants, the above dimers and trimers inhibited to a similar extent lipid oxidation in a concentration (0.33-5 microM)-dependent manner. With respect to membrane effects, Dim A1, Dim B, Trim A, and Trim C increased (Dim A1 = Dim B and Trim A = Trim C), while Dim A2 decreased, membrane surface potential. All of the procyanidins tested decreased membrane fluidity as determined by fluorescent probes at the water-lipid interface, an effect that extended into the hydrophobic region of the bilayer. Both dimers and trimers protected the lipid bilayer from disruption by Triton X-100. The magnitude of the protection was Dim A1 > Dim A2 > Dim B and Trim C > Trim A. Thus, dimers and trimers can interact with membrane phospholipids, presumably with their polar headgroup. As a consequence of this interaction, they can provide protection against the attack of oxidants and other molecules that challenge the integrity of the bilayer.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine in Our Arteries (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimating Expressed Temperature and Fractional Area of Hot Lava at the Kilauea Vent with AVIRIS Spectral Measurements (2001)

Imaging spectroscopy offers a framework based in physics and chemistry for scientific investigation of a wide range of phenomena of interest in the Earth environment. In the scientific discipline of volcanology knowledge of lava temperature and distribution at the surface provides insight into the volcano status and subsurface processes. A remote sensing strategy to measure surface lava temperatures and distribution would support volcanology research. Hot targets such as molten lava emit spectral radiance as a function of temperature. A figure shows a series of Planck functions calculated radiance spectra for hot targets at different temperatures. A maximum Lambertian solar reflected radiance spectrum is shown as well. While similar in form, each hot target spectrum has a unique spectral shape and is distinct from the solar reflected radiance spectrum. Based on this temperature-dependent signature, imaging spectroscopy provides an innovative approach for the remote-sensing-based measurement of lava temperature. A natural site for investigation of the measurement of lava temperature is the Big Island of Hawaii where molten lava from the Kilauea vent is present at the surface. In the past, Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data sets have been used for the analysis of hot volcanic targets and hot burning fires. The research presented here builds upon and extends this earlier work. The year 2000 Hawaii AVIRIS data set has been analyzed to derive lava temperatures taking into account factors of fractional fill, solar reflected radiance, and atmospheric attenuation of the surface emitted radiance. The measurements, analyses, and current results for this research are presented here.
Tetradecylthioacetic Acid Increases Fat Metabolism and Improves Cardiac Function in Experimental Heart Failure (2012)

Changes in myocardial metabolism, including a shift from fatty acid to glucose utilization and changes in fatty acid availability and composition are characteristics of heart failure development. Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) is a fatty acid analogue lacking the ability to undergo mitochondrial β-oxidation. TTA promotes hepatic proliferation of mitochondria and peroxisomes and also decreases serum triglycerides and cholesterol in animals. We investigated the effect of TTA, in combination with a high-fat or regular diet, in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction heart failure. TTA had a beneficial effect on cardiac function in post-myocardial infarction heart failure without affecting myocardial remodeling. These effects of TTA on myocardial function were accompanied by decreased free fatty acids in plasma, increased myocardial proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a decreased proportion of n-6 PUFA. Myocardial enzyme gene expression during TTA treatment suggested that the increase in n-3 PUFA could reflect increased n-3 PUFA synthesis and inadequately increased n-3 PUFA β-oxidation. Based on our data, it is unlikely that the changes are secondary to alterations in other tissues as plasma and liver showed an opposite pattern with decreased n-3 PUFA during TTA treatment. The present study suggests that TTA may improve myocardial function in heart failure, potentially involving its ability to decrease the availability of FFA and increase the myocardial proportion of n-3 PUFA.