gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Marine Heat-Flow Instrumentation: Numerical Studies On the Effects of Probe Construction and the Data Reduction Scheme (1993)

The thermal response of a marine heat flow probe has been modelled in detail by a semi-analytic solution for a 1-D multi-layered cylinder. The simulation was done for the probe used for measurements reported by Lister et al. (1990). These measurements were reduced by the conventional method of subtracting a time delay to maximize the linearity of temperature plotted against Bullard's (1954) F(α, τ) function. The frictional heating from entry into the sea-floor could be extrapolated to equilibrium by the use of small, but rather variable, time delay. However, the decays from a calibrated heat pulse, used to calculate thermal conductivity, required large time delays that increased up the probe. We have found that the heater-pulse decays are correctly reproduced by a multi-cylindrical model corresponding to the measured dimensions and materials of probe construction, except for some super heating at early times due to the non-cylindrical nature of the heater spiral. The increase in delay up the probe is modelled well by the increasing thermal resistance of incomplete oil fill between probe contents and metal probe, and not by any plausible disturbed sediment layer outside that tube. On the other hand, the only way to reduce the fitted time delays for the heat of probe entry was to inject that heat into a sheared layer of sediment around the probe about 1 mm thick. The extrapolations of dissipating frictional heat were all accurate to within 1 millikelvin; the poor fits at the top of the probe coincide with very little frictional heating, and so the errors remain small. The situation regarding conductivities is more complex, with the best fits by the delay-time method deviating by between −1 percent and +1.5 per cent, depending on details of the model and the time interval of synthetic data used for the reduction. This appears to be the limit of reliability for this method of reduction for a probe of conventional construction and the usual time range of data. Using data from large time is theoretically advantageous, but in reality would lose accuracy due to the limited remaining rise from a heat pulse of practical size, and to the onset of mechanical disturbance to the instrument on the sea-floor. Only a substantial shortening of the response time of probe temperature sensors to changes in the outer metal tube could improve the accuracy of conductivity measurement beyond this level.
Influence of Casting Temperature on the Near-Surface Structure and Wettability of Cast Silk Fibroin Films (2001)

The near-surface structure and the wettability of silk fibroin films cast from aqueous solutions on hydrophobic polystyrene substrates at various temperatures is investigated by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and measurement of contact angle. The FTIR data reveal that the near-surface region of the films is enriched in random coil conformations of the protein at the expense of a reduced fraction of α-helix and β-sheet conformations. The relative random coil/β-sheet content shows a marked dependence on the casting temperature, displaying a minimum at 50 °C. The minimum occurs concurrently with a maximum in the wettability of film surfaces by polar liquids. In the lower wettability region, the film surfaces of this hydrophilic protein are hydrophobic, whereas in the enhanced wettability range they are slightly hydrophilic. The experimental data indicate that during formation of fibron films, α-helix and β-sheet structures are rejected by the interface because of their non-surface-active character, whereas random coils are energetically favored because at the interface they convert into a surface-active conformation which effectively minimizes the interfacial free energy and renders the polymer surface hydrophobic. In the narrow range of casting temperatures centered at 50 °C, the effect of the interface is overweighed by the bulk thermodynamics favoring the β-sheet crystallization of fibroin. Though the interfacial conformation is not accessible by FTIR-ATR, its surface-active character in combination with the unique composition and amino acid sequence of fibroin allows one to conclude that the possible chain structure is one that separates the hydrophobic alanine and hydrophilic serine residues to opposite sides of the plane passing through the chain axis.
Evaluation Of Threshold Functions For Searches Among Data (1992)

Paper presents information-theoretical analysis of problem of building system of inferences from large collection of data (data base). More specifically, problem to design searches of data base for informative conjunctive production rules. Results of analysis may lead to design of more-economical and more-effective electronic neural networks drawing inferences from data bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Preparation of (Z)‐1,2‐Difluorostilbenes. (2011)

Abstract Routes to both symmetrical and unsymmetrical (Z)‐1,2‐difluorostilbenes are studied.
Vissim: A Multi-Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (2006)

Traffic microsimulation is increasingly a preferred method of traffic analysis for today's transportation professionals. The importance of properly calibrating these traffic simulations is evidenced by the adoption of microsimulation calibration standards by several state and federal transportation authorities. A component of the calibration process is the calibration of the simulation for capacity. Capacity is a high-level measurement that is a function of many lower level user-defined input parameters. VISSIM utilizes psychophysical car-following models that rely on ten user-defined parameters to represent freeway driving behavior. Several VISSIM driver behavior parameters have been shown to have a significant impact on roadway capacity. This paper seeks further understanding of the performance of the VISSIM traffic microsimulator by investigating the impact of driver behavior parameter combinations on a measure of freeway capacity. This paper is intended to provide insight useful for manual calibration of VISSIM microsimulation or the development of calibration algorithms
Molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: role of the insulin receptor variant forms (2001)

Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous and polygenic disorder resulting from interaction of genetic factors with environmental influences. Numerous candidate genes for insulin signaling proteins have been screened, but no single major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes has been identified. Due to its pivotal role in insulin action, the insulin receptor was considered a plausible candidate gene. The insulin receptor exists in two isoforms differing by the absence (Ex11(-)) or presence (Ex11(+)) of a 12 amino acid sequence in the COOH-terminus of the alpha-subunit, as a consequence of alternative splicing of exon 11. The Ex11(-) binds insulin with two-fold higher affinity than the Ex11(+). This difference is paralleled by a decreased sensitivity for metabolic actions of insulin. Some, but not all, studies have reported that expression of the low-affinity Ex11(+) is increased in target tissues from type 2 diabetic patients, thus suggesting that alterations in abundance of the two isoforms might contribute to insulin resistance. Insulin and type 1 IGF receptors have been shown to form hybrid receptors in tissues co-expressing both molecules. Hybrid receptors bind IGF-I, but not insulin, with high affinity, and behave as IGF-I holoreceptors, rather than insulin receptors, in terms of receptor autophosphorylation, and hormone internalization. It has been shown that the abundance of hybrid receptors is increased in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue from type 2 diabetic patients, and is negatively correlated with in vivo insulin sensitivity. Mutations in the insulin receptor gene have been identified in studies which examined an appropriately sized population of patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of mutations in the insulin receptor gene ranged from 0.4%-7.8%. This review will focus on the structural and functional heterogeneity of the insulin receptor, and will discuss the pathogenetic role of insulin receptor variant forms and polymorphisms in the development of the common form of type 2 diabetes.
Expression of uncoupling protein in skeletal muscle and white fat of obese mice treated with thermogenic beta 3-adrenergic agonist. (1996)

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) is usually expressed only in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and a key molecule for metabolic thermogenesis. The effects of a highly selective beta 3-adrenergic agonist, CL316,243 (CL), on UCP expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were examined in mice. Daily injection of CL (0.1 mg/kg, sc) to obese yellow KK mice for two weeks caused a significant reduction of body weight, associated with a marked decrease of white fat pad weight and hypertrophy of the interscapular BAT with a sixfold increase in UCP content. Clear signals of UCP protein and mRNA were detected by Western and Northern blot analyses in inguinal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal white fat pads, and also in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles, whereas no signal in saline-treated mice. The presence of UCP mRNA in muscle tissues was also confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Weaker UCP signals were also detected in control C57BL mice treated with CL, but only in inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pads. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that UCP stains in the white fat pads were localized on multilocular cells quite similar to typical brown adipocyte, and those in the muscle tissues on myocytes. The mitochondrial localization of UCP in myocytes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In addition to UCP protein, UCP mRNA was also detected in myocytes by in situ hybridization analysis. Thus, chronic stimulation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor induces ectopic expression of UCP in adipose tissues conventionally considered as white fat and even in skeletal muscle, which probably contributes to the potent anti-obesity effect of the beta 3-adrenergic agonist.
Correlation of low frequency waves in retinal vessel width and arterial blood pressure (2016)

Purpose : Static and dynamic retinal vessel analysis are promising tools for early risk evaluation of cardiovascular diseases.The temporal biological variation of retinal vessels leads to uncertainties in this analysis.A correlation to blood pressure is described in literature and
Angular Splitting of the Bragg Diffraction Order in an Acoustooptical Modulator Due to a Frequency-Modulated Acoustic Wave (2005)

Effects of angular splitting of the Bragg diffraction order arising in light acoustooptical diffraction by a frequency-modulated acoustic wave are considered. These effects occur when the size of the light spot in the acoustooptical interaction zone exceeds the characteristic spatial period of the modulating function. The Bragg diffraction order is found to be split into several beams. The directions of the additional beams, their number, and intensities are determined by the modulation parameters. In particular, there occurs a situation where the diffracted field consists of three beams of equal intensity spaced at a distance approximately equal to the diffraction divergence of the incident beam and the diffraction total efficiency is of the order of 100%. Therein lies the difference between this diffraction regime and the case where several independent acoustic waves are generated in the interaction domain and the diffraction total efficiency is limited to the intermodulation arisen. The effect is used in design of modulators for systems of image plotting with the help of high-power lasers.
PCCA standards for wireless networks (1999)

article Free Access Share on PCCA standards for wireless networks Author: Peter Rysavy Chair, PCCA Standards Committee Rysavy Research, Hood River, OR Chair, PCCA Standards Committee Rysavy Research, Hood River, ORView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications ReviewVolume 3Issue 2April 1999 pp 17–19https://doi.org/10.1145/584027.584034Published:01 April 1999Publication History 0citation202DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads202Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Dynamic Light Scattering Study of AOT Microemulsions with Nonaqueous Polar Additives in an Oil Continuous Phase (1998)

Microemulsions with entrapped nonaqueous polar solventsglycerol (Gly), ethylene glycol (EtGy), and formamide (Form)and an oil (isooctane or n-heptane) continuous phase were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The largest hydrodynamic radii evaluated for the two former systems, by the method of extrapolation to infinite dilution, were respectively 56.5 and 28 Å. The method was not applicable to the latter system (formamide), making the determination of the hydrodynamic radius impossible. It was found that, in these microemulsion systems, the interactions between the droplets are more attractive than the ones observed in water-in-oil microemulsions, being larger in formamide and smaller in glycerol. The droplet structure remains spherical, but evidence of clusters was obtained in all the systems studied. Their formation is attributed to strong attractive interactions.
Bacterial Killing Is Enhanced by Expression of Lysozyme in the Lungs of Transgenic Mice (2000)

To assess the role of lysozyme in pulmonary host defense in vivo, transgenic mice expressing rat lysozyme cDNA in distal respiratory epithelial cells were generated. Two transgenic mouse lines were established in which the level of lysozyme protein in bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage fluid was increased 2- or 4-fold relative to that in WT mice. Lung structure and cellular composition of BAL were not altered by the expression of lysozyme. Lysozyme activity in BAL was significantly increased (6.6- and 17-fold) in 5-wk-old animals from each transgenic line. To determine whether killing of bacteria was enhanced by expression of rat lysozyme, 5-wk-old transgenic mice and WT littermates were infected with 10(6) CFU of group B streptococci or 10(7) CFU of a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by intratracheal injection. Killing of group B streptococci was significantly enhanced (2- and 3-fold) in the mouse transgenic lines at 6 h postinfection and was accompanied by a decrease in systemic dissemination of pathogen. Killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also enhanced in the transgenic lines (5- and 30-fold). Twenty-four hours after administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all transgenic mice survived, whereas 20% of the WT mice died. Increased production of lysozyme in respiratory epithelial cells of transgenic mice enhanced bacterial killing in the lung in vivo, and was associated with decreased systemic dissemination of pathogen and increased survival following infection.
The navigational gesture: Traces and tracings at the mobile touchscreen interface (2014)

the touchscreen interface is a threshold between site-specific data overlays and one's fingers that touch, swipe, and pinch to access information about one's surroundings and, in the process, leave traces -fingerprints -on the screen. the navigational 'gesture' is central to the process of making meaning in two forms of deictic transaction: the gesture of raising and pointing a mobile device (e.g. in the case of the augmented reality) and the finger's pressing on the touchscreen (activating data overlays) -both of which require pointing and touching. the former is future-oriented, pointing toward some destination; the latter is past-oriented, accruing not only traces of where one has been but also the residue of touching the screen. gesture and touch intersect in the tracing-tracking that transpires in the present and that holds both past ('where i've been') and future ('where i'm headed'). Extending arguments we have made elsewhere about the way navigation shapes and determines how, today, we understand and perform space, time, and subjectivity, in this article we explore how the navigational gesture as a cultural form is related to a deeper cultural logic of indexicality. We consider the relation between the physical use of the mobile micro screen and the haptic experience that this interaction brings about. We address how various traces produced at the intersection of technology and practice function to inscribe time in space. ultimately we argue that navigation by means of locative (media) technologies proceeds according to a specifically deictic indexicality that opens onto a layeredness that characterised the mobile present.
Nanoparticulate fillers improve the mechanical strength of bone cement (2008)

In summary, nanoparticulate substitution of radiopacifiers substantially improved the in vitro mechanical properties of PMMA bone cement without changing the known chemical composition.
Overview of MedeA®-GIBBS capabilities for thermodynamic property calculation and VLE behaviour description of pure compounds and mixtures: application to polar compounds generated from ligno-cellulosic biomass (2013)

This paper illustrates the use of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to study a wide range of systems of interest for biomass conversion into high-added value chemicals and biofuels. The interest is focused on the use of molecular simulation to predict the physical–chemical properties of pure compounds and mixtures at a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions, as well as to provide insight on the mechanisms involved and the molecular characteristics that are related to the macroscopic behaviour of such complex systems. A systematic scaling study has been performed in which our implementation of the MC method is scaled well up to 4 to 12 processors. We have automated tasks such as the implementation of default MC frequencies, statistical parameters, convergence analysis and determination of statistical averages. On this basis, we could determine the equilibrium properties for approximately 100 compounds (alcohols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, glycols) with the TraPPE-UA and the anisotropic united atoms (AUA) forcefields. TraPPE-UA provides a good prediction of liquid density, and AUA provides a better determination of saturation pressures and normal boiling temperature. Liquid–vapour phase diagrams of binary mixtures are also provided to illustrate the predictive capability of MC simulations. Viewing graphs or configurations allows to validate convergence analysis and to understand the hydrogen-bonded systems.
Multiscale segmentation and anomaly enhancement of SAR imagery (2002)

We present an efficient multiscale approach to the segmentation of natural clutter, specifically grass and forest, in synthetic aperture imagery (SAR) and to the enhancement of anomalous image regions therein. The methods we propose exploit the coherent nature of SAR sensors. In particular, they characterize the scale-to-scale statistical differences in imagery of various terrain categories due to radar speckle. To achieve this, we employ a recently introduced class of multiscale stochastic processes that provide a powerful framework for describing random processes and fields that evolve in scale. We build models representative of each relevant category of terrain and use them to direct subsequent decisions on pixel classification, segmentation, and anomaly presence.
Analysis of mixed biofilm (Staphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosa)by laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2015)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are ubiquitous pathogens often found together in polymicrobial, biofilm-associated infections. This study is the first to use laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) to rapidly study bacteria within a mixed biofilm. Fast, direct, non-invasive LAESI-MS analysis of biofilm could significantly accelerate biofilm studies and provide previously unavailable information on both biofilm composition and the effects of antibiofilm treatment. LAESI-MS was applied directly to a polymicrobial biofilm and analyzed with respect to whether P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were co-localized or self-segregated within the mixed biofilm. LAESI-MS was also used to analyze ions following LL-37 antimicrobial peptide treatment of the biofilm. This ambient ionization method holds promise for future biofilm studies. The use of this innovative technique has profound implications for the study of biofilms, as LAESI-MS eliminates the need for lengthy and disruptive sample preparation while permitting rapid analysis of unfixed and wet biofilms.
Expression of epidermal antimicrobial peptides is increased in tinea pedis (2021)

The induction of AMPs in tinea pedis might be triggered directly by the dermatophytes; furthermore, attendant inflammation and/or differentiation processes may play a role. Our results indicate that there is no defect in the constitutive expression and induction of the analysed AMPs by dermatophytes in the epidermis of affected patients. However, it is not known why the elevated AMP concentrations fail to efficiently combat dermatophyte growth.
Managing the Parturient With Sickle Cell Crisis (1984)

Sickle cell crisis is a serious obstetric emergency. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality secondary to sickle cell disease and crisis can be reduced significantly with expert perinatal teams, the benefits of comprehensive tertiary health care, and careful, consistent attention to medical detail. The combined life span for mother and fetus today has improved considerably over what it was just a few years ago, primarily because of better medical, obstetric, and neonatal care. Although the disease has not been cured, and at present we have no effective and safe pharmacologic treatment for sickle crisis, our experience suggests that adherence to the outlined management principles offers increasing hope to the sickling patient that her vasoocclusive episodes can be managed effectively for a healthier pregnancy outcome. The future is bright for the development of pharmacologic agents to prevent sickle cell vasoocclusive crisis altogether.
Effect of Hydrogen on CO2 TEA Lasers (1972)

The addition of several Torr hydrogen to a transversely excited pulsed high-pressure CO2 laser using continuous shaped electrodes has been found to suppress the formation of bright arcs and lead to better pulse-to-pulse reproducibility. The hydrogen increases the threshold energy for arc formation and leads to as much as a factor of 2 increase in the power output of the laser. The gain of the laser is also increased by the addition of hydrogen.