gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polycarbonates (1995)

Abstract Side-chain liquid crystalline (SCLC) polycarbonates were prepared by copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epoxides, carrying a nitrostilbene mesogenic group and spacers of different lengths. The polymerization, carried out in an autoclave at high carbon dioxide pressure, was catalyzed by an organozinc catalyst. The number average molecular weight of the polymers, as determined by GPC, was in the range of 4,300 to 38,000. The polydispersity of the polymers ranged from 5.9 to 80. 1H NMR and 13C NMR studies revealed that the obtained polymers contain carbonate linkages (67-94%) as well as ether linkages in their backbone. Liquid-crystalline properties of the polymers were investigated by DSC, X-Ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy.
Cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio in non-hypoglycorrhachic neurological conditions. (2005)

A lowered cerebrospinal fluid to serum glucose ratio is often seen in the absence of an appropriate disorder, especially when simultaneous serum glucose concentration is elevated. This may be explained by the saturation kinetics of glucose transportation in hyperglycaemia, and the time lag for cerebrospinal fluid and glucose to equilibrate when the blood level fluctuates.
Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Single Cathode Spots: Comparison of Cathode and Anode Position (2011)

Optical emission of a single cathode spot in vacuum was studied to improve the understanding of cathode spot initiation and dynamics. Discharges with high reproducibility were generated by applying rectangular voltage pulses of 100-ns length to a liquid Ga-In-alloy cathode. In the first pulse, the cathode spot is ignited in vacuum, and its radiation is delayed by several tens of nanoseconds. In the second pulse of opposite polarity, the cathode spot at the former anode emits strong radiation almost immediately after the inversion of the current because of the ignition in the plasma-filled gap. Atomic and ionic line radiation is observed with slightly different delay of their intensity maxima in the first and the second spot ignition.
Systemic Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana Infected and Challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae (1995)

Attack of plants by necrotizing pathogens leads to acquired resistance to the same or other pathogens in tissues adjacent to or remotely located from the site of initial attack. We have used Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with the incompatible pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae on the lower leaves to test the induction of systemic reactions. When plants were challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae in the upper leaves, bacterial titers remained stable in those preinfected on the lower leaves. However, there was a distinct decrease in symptoms that correlated with a local and systemic increase in salicylic acid (SA) and in chitinase activity. Peroxidase activity only increased at the site of infection. No changes in catalase activity were observed, either at the local or at the systemic level. No inhibition of catalase could be detected in tissue in which the endogenous levels of SA were elevated either naturally (after infection) or artificially (after feeding SA to the roots). The activity of catalase in homogenates of A. thaliana leaves could not be inhibited in vitro by SA. SA accumulation was induced by H2O2 in leaves, suggesting a link between H2O2 from the oxidative burst commonly observed during the hypersensitive reaction and the induction of a putative signaling molecule leading to system acquired resistance.
Implementation and performance evaluation of an adaptable failure detector (2003)

Chandra and Toueg (1996) introduced the concept of unreliable failure detectors, They showed how, by adding these detectors to an asynchronous system, it is possible to solve the Consensus problem. In this paper, we propose a new implementation of a failure detector. This implementation is a variant of the heartbeat failure detector which is adaptable and can support scalable applications. In this implementation we dissociate two aspects: a basic estimation of the expected arrival date to provide a short detection time, and an adaptation of the quality of service according to application needs. The latter is based on two principles: an adaptation layer and a heuristic to adapt the sending period of "I am alive" messages.
1999: a time to re-evaluate AIDS vaccine strategies. (2000)

The field of AIDS vaccine development is in flux. Important new findings were reported in 1999 that led to a rethinking of AIDS vaccine strategies. We have been given the challenging task of providing an overview. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive summary, we will restrict our discussion to a few major topics, and we ask for understanding if we can only highlight.
Successful treatment of cervical pregnancy with oral etoposide (1990)

Cervical ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon entity associated with significant morbidity and devastating effects on future fertility. A woman with a cervical gestation with quantitative serum beta-hCG levels higher than 46,000 mIU/mL and fetal cardiac activity on ultrasound was treated successfully with one course of oral etoposide, a fetocidal agent, which avoided operative intervention and preserved the patient's fertility.
Dental magnetic resonance imaging for periodontal indication – a new approach of imaging residual periodontal bone support (2018)

In conclusion, there was a strong agreement between DMRI and PA. Thus, DMRI proved to be a comparable method to PA radiographs for evaluating the proportion of residual periodontal bone support.
Association of Helicobacter pylori and gastric autoimmunity: A population-based study (1995)

Based on clinical studies, a negative association between Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune corpus gastritis is described. In the present investigation of an unselected population of 1461 adults we can state, however, that there exists a relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of gastric corpus autoimmunity. As confirmation for the gastric autoantibody development through molecular mimicry, a high homology (72% in 25 amino acid overlap) between the beta subunit of H. pylori urease and that of H + K + ATPase, the gastric parietal cell autoantigen, was revealed.
Macromol. Biosci. 10/2017 (2017)

Inside Front Cover: Designed for local application to exposed tissues, a synthetic lysine-leucine biopolymer, K100L40, provides a combination of direct microbicidal activity and barrier properties. These amino acid block copolymers are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast. Driven by association of water insoluble leucine segments, they form viscous solutions and hydrogels that are effective barriers against microbial contamination of tissues. These materials represent a new approach to the prevention of life-threatening infections that can complicate surgery and trauma. This is reported by Michael P. Bevilacqua, Daniel J. Huang, Brian D. Wall, Shalyn J. Lane, Carl K. Edwards, III, Jarrod A. Hanson, Diego Benitez, Joseph S. Solomkin, and Timothy J. Deming, article number 1600492.
Critique of a study on ganja in Jamaica. (1986)

In the study of "Ganja in Jamaica" by Rubin and Comitas, no significant differences between heavy ganja smokers and controls could be demonstrated in physical and psychological symptoms or social adjustment. This lack of difference may be attributed to methodological limitations in the sampling technique and examinations performed. The number of subjects studied was small (30 in both control and test group). The selection of controls was inadequate: only 12 controls had never smoked ganja, and 8 were current occasional users. Methodological limitations flawed the physical examinations of the lung and cardiovascular system, cytogenetic studies, psychological assessment and psychiatric evaluation. Acceptance by the authors of a positive motivational influence of cannabis smoking and other socially beneficial properties of such smoking was based more on philosophical premises than on objective observations performed by others in Jamaica and other countries.
Wavelength response of thin-film optical position-sensitive detectors (2002)

Three different structures of thin-film optical position-sensitive detectors based on novel hydrogenated amorphous silicon Schottky barrier (SB) structures have been studied under different light sources to measure their linear properties and wavelength response characteristics.
From actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma (2002)

The development of actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the result of a complex sequence of events initiated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The application of sunscreens prior to sun exposure has been reported to reduce the incidence of AK. The initial damage takes place in the DNA and most of the UV-induced lesions in the DNA are repaired. However, mutations may occur as a result of base mispairing of the cell and its DNA replicate before the DNA lesion is repaired. The genes involved in the repair process are also potential UV targets. Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene p53 are a common feature of AK and SCC. The hairless mouse is the best available animal model, in which lesions resembling human AK (papillomas), keratoacanthomas and SCCs may be induced. This model of multistage carcinogenesis offers an excellent tool for mechanistic studies. The relative efficacy of UV wavelengths (action spectrum) that induce SCC has been determined using the hairless mouse as a model. The action spectrum has been extrapolated to humans skin and is recognised worldwide.
Multiscale guided deblurring: Chromatic aberration correction in color and near-infrared imaging (2015)

Chromatic aberration, caused by photographic lens imperfections, results in the image of only one spectral channel being sharp, while the other channels are blurred depending on their wavelengths difference with the sharp channel. We study chromatic aberration for a system that jointly records color and near-infrared (NIR) images on a single sensor. Chromatic aberration in such a system leads to a blurred NIR image when the color image is in-focus and sharp. We propose an algorithm that deblurs the NIR image using the gradients of the sharp color image, as both scene representations are generally similar. However, the details of these images often exhibit significant differences due to varying scene reflection and absorption in the corresponding bands. To account for this, we compute the correlation between color and NIR gradients, and use the gradients of the color image in reconstructing NIR only where the gradients are highly correlated. We propose a multiscale scheme that gradually deblurs NIR and accurately computes similarities between color and NIR gradients. Experimental results show that our algorithm recovers details of NIR without producing visible artifacts.
An Annealed Polyelectrolyte Brush in a Polar−Nonpolar Binary Solvent:  Effect of pH and Ionic Strength (2002)

A weakly charged polyelectrolyte brush in a polar−nonpolar solvent mixture is studied using a boxlike model and by numerical self-consistent-field theory. The work is a continuation of a similar study of a neutral polymer brush in a solvent mixture with a pronounced solubility gap. We study both the structure and structural transitions of the brush in particular in the one-phase region of the solvent mixture in the bulk. With respect to the neutral system, the polyelectrolyte system is even richer in its behavior. Starting from a nonpolar main solvent, upon increasing the chemical potential of water, we find the development of a mesoscopic water film inside the brush. The polymer takes up this thin film as it finds an environment that allows for the dissociation of its groups energetically attractive. The phase transition can be accompanied by an anomalous collapse of the ionizable brush and tuned by the pH of the solution and the ionic strength in the system. Another brush transition can occur when nonpolar solvent is added to a brush immersed in water. Finally, it is feasible that systems exist that feature three successive brush transitions upon changing the bulk composition from pre-binodal, to biphasic, and then to post-binodal compositions, where a forward, a reentry, and again a forward transition are found, respectively.
Efficacy of (S)-HPMPA against thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus-keratitis. (1987)

A new acyclic adenosine analogue, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(S)-HPMPA], was evaluated for its efficacy in the topical treatment of experimental keratitis caused by the thymidine kinase-positive (TK+) and thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains. In the treatment of TK+ HSV-1 keratitis, 0.2% (S)-HPMPA eyedrops were as effective as the reference compounds, 0.2% (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and 0.2% 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxy-uridine (CEDU) eyedrops. The three compounds produced a statistically significant healing effect, as compared with placebo eyedrops. In the treatment of keratitis caused by the TK- HSV-1 strain, 0.2%BVDU and 0.2% CEDU eyedrops did not differ from placebo eyedrops, whereas 0.2% (S)-HPMPA eyedrops exerted a highly significant healing effect.
Stall pattern avoidance in polynomial product codes (2016)

Product codes are a concatenated error-correction scheme that has been often considered for applications requiring very low bit-error rates, which demand that the error floor be decreased as much as possible. In this work, we consider product codes constructed from polynomial algebraic codes, and propose a novel low-complexity post-processing technique that is able to improve the error-correction performance by orders of magnitude. We provide lower bounds for the error rate achievable under post processing, and present simulation results indicating that these bounds are tight.
INVESTIGATIONS ON PREPARATIVE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF TAXOIDS FROM TAXUS BACCATA L. (1999)

Many mobile phases, including solvent systems with one and two polar modifiers as well as some multiple development techniques and gradient elutions, were examined to select the best thin-layer chromatographic conditions on silica gel F254 plates for micropreparative isolation of 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), baccatin III, paclitaxel, and cephalomannine from methanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried needles and stems of Taxus baccata L. In case of each solvent system and development technique, R F , k, and α values of 10-DAB III and paclitaxel were determined as well as the separation of compounds coextracted with taxoids, and the whole yew extract. The best mobile phase, benzene-chloroform-acetone-methanol (20:92.5:15:7.5) used twice over a distance of 15 cm was applied for isolation of analyzed taxoids by preparative TLC in connection with RP-HPLC, (C-18) quantitative determination using two mobile phases (30% acetonitrile in water to measure of 10-DAB III levels and 50% acetonitrile in water for baccatin III, paclitaxel, and cephalomannine). In this way, concentrations of 10-DAB III, baccatin III, paclitaxel, and cephalomannine were determined in the fresh needles and stems of Taxus baccata L. collected during the late autumn-spring period (November to April) as well as in dried plant material. Observed retention behavior of baccatin III on silica gel in comparison with its precursor (10-DAB III) is discussed. Some of the investigated solvent systems can be applied for improved column chromatographic separation of the analyzed taxoids.
Flexible Image-Based Photometric Reconstruction using Virtual Light Sources (2001)

Photometric reconstruction is the process of estimating the illumination and surface reflectance properties of an environment, given a geometric model of the scene and a set of photographs of its surfaces. For mixed-reality applications, such data is required if synthetic objects are to be correctly illuminated or if synthetic light sources are to be used to re-light the scene. Current methods of estimating such data are limited in the practical situations in which they can be applied, due to the fact that the geometric and radiometric models of the scene which are provided by the user must be complete, and that the position (and in some cases, intensity) of the light sources must also be specified a-priori. In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented which overcomes these constraints, and allows photometric data to be reconstructed in less restricted situations. This is achieved through the use of virtual light sources which mimic the effect of direct illumination from unknown luminaires, and indirect illumination reflected off unknown geometry. The intensity of these virtual light sources and the surface material properties are estimated using an iterative algorithm which attempts to match calculated radiance values to those observed in photographs. Results are presented for both synthetic and real scenes that show the quality of the reconstructed data and its use in off-line mixed-reality applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Unusual Reaction of Enol Ethers with Benzyltriethylammonium Borohydride and Chlorotrimethylsilane. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Morphomechanical Innovation Drives Explosive Seed Dispersal (2016)

How mechanical and biological processes are coordinated across cells, tissues, and organs to produce complex traits is a key question in biology. Cardamine hirsuta, a relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, uses an explosive mechanism to disperse its seeds. We show that this trait evolved through morphomechanical innovations at different spatial scales. At the organ scale, tension within the fruit wall generates the elastic energy required for explosion. This tension is produced by differential contraction of fruit wall tissues through an active mechanism involving turgor pressure, cell geometry, and wall properties of the epidermis. Explosive release of this tension is controlled at the cellular scale by asymmetric lignin deposition within endocarp b cells-a striking pattern that is strictly associated with explosive pod shatter across the Brassicaceae plant family. By bridging these different scales, we present an integrated mechanism for explosive seed dispersal that links evolutionary novelty with complex trait innovation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Nonlinear interactions of spin waves with parametric pumping in permalloy metal films (2009)

Nonlinear interactions of dipolar and dipole-exchange spin waves with microwave magnetic field of parametric electromagnetic pumping were studied experimentally in thin permalloy (Py) films. It was demonstrated that parametric pumping in Py films leads to efficient amplification of the ``trace'' of quasistanding spin waves created due to the two-magnon scattering by the input signal pulse of long-wavelength dipolar spin waves and, then, to suppression of the amplified signal due to the parametric excitation of short-wavelength exchange-dominated spin waves. It was, also, shown that nonlinear interactions of spin waves in Py films can be used for the development of microwave signal processing devices and for the measurement of relaxation characteristics of different spin-wave groups.
Clinical Experiences in Conducting Empirically Supported Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2015)

Knowledge of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) predominantly derives from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, there may be unique or complex issues encountered in practice, but not necessarily in the context of a controlled clinical trial. Therefore, launching a systematic dialogue between researcher and practicing clinician can be instrumental in augmenting evidence-based therapies through identification of variables that promote and interfere with clinical effectiveness. Through an initiative sponsored by the American Psychological Association’s Divisions 12 (Society for Clinical Psychology) and 29 (Psychotherapy), this study aimed to examine clinical experiences conducting CBT for GAD. The participants were 260 psychotherapists who completed an online survey on assessment and therapeutic intervention utilization and their experience of factors that limit successful GAD treatment and symptom reduction. The majority of respondents reported 20 years or less experience using ESTs for GAD, typically treating clients in outpatient clinics, treatment centers, and private practice. Some of the most commonly used interventions address clients’ maladaptive cognitions and elevated anxiety and muscle tension typical of GAD. Approximately one half of respondents reported incorporating integrative techniques into treatment. Factors perceived as limiting effective GAD treatment included severity and chronicity of GAD, presence of comorbid conditions, stressful home and work environments, client motivation and resistance to treatment, and issues encountered when executing therapy techniques. This study provides researchers with clinically derived directions for future empirical investigation into enhancing efficacy of GAD treatment.
Advances in Fingerprint Analysis (2012)

Fingerprints have been used in forensic investigations for the identification of individuals since the late 19th century. However, it is now clear that fingerprints can provide significantly more information about an individual. Here, we highlight the considerable advances in fingerprinting technology that can simultaneously provide chemical information regarding the drugs ingested and the explosives and drugs handled by a person as well as the identity of that individual.
Bi-Lipschitz embeddings of $SRA$-free spaces into Euclidean spaces (2019)

$SRA$-free spaces is a wide class of metric spaces including finite dimensional Alexandrov spaces of non-negative curvature, complete Berwald spaces of nonnegative flag curvature, Cayley Graphs of virtually abelian groups and doubling metric spaces of non-positive Busemann curvature with extendable geodesics. This class also includes arbitrary big balls in complete, locally compact $CAT(k)$-spaces $(k \in \mathbb R)$ with locally extendable geodesics, finite-dimensional Alexandrov spaces of curvature $\ge k$ with $k \in R$ and complete Finsler manifolds satisfying the doubling condition. We show that $SRA$-free spaces allow bi-Lipschitz embeddings in Euclidean spaces. As a corollary we obtain a quantitative bi-Lipschitz embedding theorem for balls in finite dimensional Alexandrov spaces of curvature bounded from below conjectured by S. Eriksson-Bique. The main tool of the proof is an extension theorem for bi-Lipschitz maps into Euclidean spaces. This extension theorem is close in nature with the embedding theorem of J. Seo and may be of independent interest.
The Yin/Yang web (2002)

XML is the W3C standard document format for writing and exchanging information on the Web. RDF is the W3C standard model for describing the semantics and reasoning about information on the Web. Unfortunately, RDF and XML---although very close to each other---are based on two different paradigms. We argue that in order to lead the Semantic Web to its full potential, the syntax and the semantics of information needs to work together. To this end, we develop a model-theoretic semantics for the XML XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, which provides a unified model for both XML and RDF. This unified model can serve as the basis for Web applications that deal with both data and semantics. We illustrate the use of this model on a concrete information integration scenario. Our approach enables each side of the fence to benefit from the other, notably, we show how the RDF world can take advantage of XML query languages, and how the XML world can take advantage of the reasoning capabilities available for RDF.