gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Respirometric In Situ Methods for Real-Time Monitoring of Corrosion Rates: Part II. Immersion (2021)

With the aim to open a new window into corrosion processes this paper presents respirometric methods for real-time in situ monitoring of corrosion rates under immersion conditions. With these techniques, sensitive, non-destructive corrosion rate measurements are possible on basically all metals and alloys. Different methods are presented that enable to monitor HER, ORR or both reactions simultaneously based on the amount of evolved H 2 or the amount of consumed O 2 by volumetric, manometric and sensor-based approaches. Various research examples are presented, demonstrating the benefits and limitations of the different approaches. For Mg alloys, besides HER, ORR plays a role in the cathodic reactions and a good correlation of the total cathodic charge with mass loss was obtained. H 2 dissolution into the electrolyte was identified as an important factor. The results obtained for Zn immersion corrosion in intermittent-flow and flow-through respirometric experiments suggest that the ORR mechanism leads to the generation of stable H 2 O 2 under these conditions. As a result, the effective number of exchanged electrons for one O 2 molecule was found to be in between two and four. The here introduced respirometric techniques allow new insights into corrosion mechanisms, in addition to enabling real-time monitoring of corrosion.
302 Super Mitochondria, the Next Super Therapy to Reverse Ischemic Damage in Stroke? (2023)

INTRODUCTION: Stroke represents a massive healthcare emergency, ranking in the top 5 causes of death and disability and impacting nearly 800,000 Americans annually. Current therapies are limited. A deeper analysis of the mechanisms of cell death after ischemic brain insult may usher novel safe and effective treatments. Mitochondrial damage serves as a key modulator of ischemic cell death, which may be reversible with transfer of healthy mitochondria from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to ischemic neurons. METHODS: MSCs were grown under ambient condition (normal MSCs) (nMSCs) or metabolic switching paradigm involving exchanging galactose for glucose in the cell culture medium (switched MSCs) (sMSCs) then assayed for oxygen consumption rates using the Seahorse technology. Subsequently, primary neurons were subjected to OGD then co-cultured with either nMSCs or sMSCs, and assessed for cell viability, cell metabolism, mitochondrial reactive oxidative species mRNA, and mitochondrial ATP mRNA. RESULTS: Compared to nMSCs, sMSCs displayed robust mitochondrial respiration as evidenced by higher basal energy production, larger spare respiratory capacity, greater ATP production, and decreased proton (H+) leak. Co-culture of OGD-exposed neurons with sMSCs conferred increased cell viability and enhanced cell metabolism, coupled with reduced mitochondrial reactive oxidative species mRNA and elevated mitochondrial ATP mRNA, which were significantly better than those afforded by nMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest sMSCs generated “super” mitochondria. Metabolic switching produces healthy mitochondria that may enhance the mitochondrial transfer between MSCs and ischemic cells warranting consideration as a stroke therapeutic.
Flavor and oxidative stability of soybean, sunflower and low erucic acid rapeseed oils (1989)

Abstract Three samples each of soybean, sunflower and low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oils were evaluated for flavor and oxidative stability. The commercially refined and bleached oils were deodorized under identical conditions. No significant differences were noted in initial flavor quality. After storage at 25°C or 60°C in the dark, soybean oils—with or without citric acid—were more stable than either sunflower or LEAR oils. However, in the presence of citric acid, soybean oils were significantly less stable to light exposure than either LEAR or sunflower oils. In contrast, in the absence of citric acid, soybean oils were significantly more light stable than LEAR oils. In either the presence or absence of citric acid, sunflower oil was significantly more stable to light than soybean oil. Analyses by static headspace gas chromatography showed no significant differences in formation of total volatile compounds between soybean and LEAR oils. However, both oils developed significantly less total volatiles than the sunflower oils. Each oil type varied in flavor and oxidative stability depending on the oxidation method (light vs dark storage, absence vs presence of citric acid, 100°C vs 60°C).
Probable exaptations within the « distributed » herd (1993)

Chez les Artiodactyles, un accroissement de la taille des groupes avec l’ouverture du milieu et le fait que les jeunes soient rarement à la périphérie des groupes, sont généralement considérés comme des « stratégies » anti-prédatrices. Le fait que les groupes soient régulièrement menés par des individus âgés permettrait par ailleurs aux jeunes de profiter de l’expérience de ces derniers. En termes de causalité immédiate, ces trois phénomènes découlent vraisemblablement de mécanismes particulièrement simples. En premier lieu, les animaux doivent se percevoir pour former des groupes, si bien que la taille des groupes doit dépendre des possibilités qu’ont les individus de se percevoir. Les positions centrales des jeunes découlent sans doute de ce qu’ils interagissent entre eux de façon privilégiée et forment ainsi des sous-groupes compacts au sein des groupes auxquels ils participent. Enfin, les individus âgés deviennent probablement « meneurs » du simple fait qu’ils se déplacent en tenant moins compte du comportement de leurs congénères que ne le font les jeunes. La sélection naturelle peut avoir ajusté le degré d’attirance des individus pour leurs congénères ou l’importance prise par le jeu chez les jeunes. Il paraît cependant bien peu vraisemblable que ces caractéristiques soient apparues en raison des fonctions qu’elles remplissent actuellement chez les Artiodactyles vivant en milieu ouverts. La notion d’« exaptation », introduite en biologie évolutive par Gould et Vrba, paraît ici éclairante.
Rapid Characterisation of differentially expressed members of multigene families (1992)

Journal Article Rapid Characterisation of differentially expressed members of multigene families Get access Mark R. Crompton, Mark R. Crompton Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer ResearchFulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Terence J. Bartlett, Terence J. Bartlett Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer ResearchFulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Graham H. Goodwin Graham H. Goodwin * Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer ResearchFulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK * To whom Correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 15, 11 August 1992, Pages 4107–4108, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.15.4107 Published: 11 August 1992 Article history Received: 25 May 1992 Published: 11 August 1992
A cost effective architecture for HDTV with 2D/3D graphics (2002)

An integrated MPEG-2 transport demultiplexer and MP@HL video decoder and 2D/3D graphics core are presented. The described architecture integrates all digital decoding and graphics functions into one system, analog video encoding and decoding functions into other system and digital teletext/subtitling decoding functions and user or private data processing on a midrange performance host CPU (Pentium 200 MHz or MIPS 166 MHz). This results in the greater flexibility and reduction of hardware cost of digital set-top receivers.
An Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Model for Use in Army Wargaming Applications I (2006)

Abstract : Models for the vertical structure of the refractive index structure parameter, Cn2, appropriate for wargames are discussed. Legacy vertical profile models are reviewed and synthesized to produce a new vertical model that seamlessly spans various segments of the tropospheric atmosphere. The model integrates effects for the surface, boundary, and upper tropospheric layers. Legacy models are reviewed and synthesized to create the new profile model. In this effort the focus has been on the worst case condition near the surface of daytime noon turbulence. The model developed is suitable to simulate turbulence effects on Army electro-optical sensors for visible through far-infrared wavelengths. The products of this study is a tailored, small, rapidly executing algorithm and associated tables for predicting turbulence: a log-mean vertical layer and terrain effects prediction, and a methodology for conversion of the log-mean profile to mean Cn2 profile.
A Compact Wideband CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier Using Shunt Resistive-Feedback and Series Inductive-Peaking Techniques (2007)

A wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) with shunt resistive-feedback and series inductive-peaking is proposed for wideband input matching, broadband power gain and flat noise figure (NF) response. The proposed wideband LNA is implemented in 0.18-mum CMOS technology. Measured results show that power gain is greater than 10 dB and input return loss is below -10 dB from 2 to 11.5 GHz. The IIP3 is about +3 dBm, and the NF ranges from 3.1 to 4.1 dB over the band of interest. An excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results is found and attributed to less number of passive components needed in this circuit compared with previous designs. Besides, the ratio of figure-of- merit to chip size is as high as 190 (mW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> /mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) which is the best results among all previous reported CMOS-based wideband LNA.
Spin-charge separation in strongly correlated electronic systems (1998)

The spin-charge separation (SCS) in 1D and 2D are discussed from the viewpoint of gauge theory. For 1D I discuss the angle-resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES), which show clear evidence for the spin-charge separation. For 2D the underdoped cuprates are discussed, where the three classes of electronic state, i.e., the Néel state (N), the valence-bond solid (VBS) state and the resonating-valence-bond (RVB) state, are relevant. These states can be understood in terms of the competition between (i) magnetic ordering versus singlet formation and (ii) confinement versus deconfinement of the gauge field. It is fairly easy to understand the former, (i), but the latter, (ii), is more subtle and has not yet been established. I argue that the deconfining phase, i.e., the RVB state, is a new state of matter with SCS, and is realized when the sheet resistance is less than a critical value of the order of the quantum resistance . This condition is equivalent to that for superconductivity in the Josephson network model. The anomalous Kondo effect due to the non-magnetic impurities doped into the system reflects the non-Fermi-liquid nature of the host electronic state, and hence is the most promising experimental evidence for this new state of matter. We put special emphasis on the residual resistivity, and propose that its value provides a clear test for SCS.
Effects of pupil discretization and Littrow illumination in the simulation of bright-field defect detection (2009)

The simulation of optical defect detection on wafers by microscopy requires several approximations. For the simulation with Fourier modal methods, the number of modes is limited by memory and time consumption. Furthermore, the illumination pupil has to be divided into discrete incidence angles for plane waves. We present a way to save the computation of most of these incidence angles. It works only for certain configurations of grating period and illumination wavelength but is an accurate and robust approximation in these cases. We present sample calculations for one- and two-dimensional periodic structures with defects.
Effect of TLR7 gene expression mediating NF-κB signaling pathway on the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in mice and the intervention role of IFN-γ (2021)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of TLR7 mediating NF-κB signaling pathway on the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in mice and the intervention effect of IFN-γ in the process.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental animals were 70 C57BL/6J female mice of clean grade, which were divided into 7 groups according to different treatment protocols, including Normal group, Asthma group, Model+1-MT group, Model+IFN-γ group, Model+TLR7 agonist group, TLR7 deficient group, and Model+TLR7 deficient group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues. The positive expression rates of TLR7, p-IKKα and NF-κBp65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were classified and counted. The contents of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ in BALF supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following isolation, culture and plasmid construction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCS) from normal mice and asthmatic mice, cells were transfected and divided into the Control group, pcDNA-TLR7 NC group, siRNA-TLR7 NC group, pcDNA-TLR7 group, siRNA-TLR7 group, Asatone group, Triptolide group, and pcDNA-TLR7 +Asatone group. The expression of TLR7, IDO, p-IKKα and NF-κBp65 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to detect the proliferation of ASMCS. The cell cycle and apoptosis of ASMCS were detected by flow cytometry.\n\nRESULTS: HE staining showed successful modeling of asthma. Immunohistochemical test showed that the positive expression rate of TLR7 in the Asthma group was significantly decreased, and that of IKKα and NF-κBp65 was significantly increased, with significantly increased IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels (all p&lt;0.05). Model+1-MT group and Model+TLR7 deficient group had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, increased IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels, decreased expression levels of TLR7 and IDO, and increased expression of p-IKKα and NF-κBp65 (all p&lt;0.05); while the opposites results were detected in Model+IFN-γ group and Model+TLR7 agonist group (all p&lt;0.05). Cell transfection experiments revealed that pcDNA-TLR7 group and Triptolide group had increased TLR7 expression while decreased p-IKKα and NF-κBp65, decreased proliferation level, and increased cell apoptosis (all p&lt;0.05); while the contrary results were found in siRNA-TLR7 group and Asatone group (all p&lt;0.05); yet without significant difference in pcDNA-TLR7+Asatone group (all p&gt;0.05).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of TLR7 can inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, reduces airway inflammation, inhibits ASMCS proliferation and thus promotes cell apoptosis in asthmatic mice. Besides, IFN-γ can exert a protective role in suppressing the progression of inflammation in asthma.
A peer-to-peer multidimensional trust model for digital ecosystems (2008)

The aim of the Digital Ecosystem (DE) initiative is to encourage Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to use the Internet and to adopt ICT technologies that would make them more innovative and competitive in the market. In order for a DE to take-off, specific solutions are required that are practical and easy to adopt, and that address the organizational and infrastructural particularities of the networked communities. This paper proposes a new trust model for DEs which has several innovative features. The model is based on the concept of social networks and addresses trust at different levels: user, data, service and node. The model allows fast bootstrapping of trust by importing existing trust relationships from outside DE systems and by relying on certificates issued by trusted authorities external to the DE. Furthermore, trust can be measured in a variety of contexts by using user-defined tags-folksonomy <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The model abstracts from specific reputation algorithms by providing necessary interfaces for plugging-in those on onepsilas own choice.
The PAL20RA10 Story - The Customization of a Standard Product (1986)

A new, registered, asynchronous PAL device originated with suggestions from the manufacturer's customers.
Immunocompetent cells and epithelial cell modifications in molluscum contagiosum (1990)

We studied lesions of molluscum contagiosum with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to determine the phenotype of infiltrating cells and antigen modifications of infected keratinocytes. Our data indicate (1) a complete lack of immunocompetent cells in the viral lesions, and simultaneously a loss of B2-microglobulin reactivity by molluscum bodies, a cellular activation of EGF and transferrin receptors and expression of CD36 antigen of these bodies; (2) a moderate infiltrate of activated T cells and monocytes in the underlying epidermis; (3) an increase of Langerhans cell density and a CD36 expression by the surface of upper layer keratinocytes in the perilesional epidermis.
Smart mug to measure hand's geometrical mechanical impedance (2011)

A novel device, which looks like a mug, has been proposed for measuring the impedance of human hand. The device is designed to have convenient size and light weight similar to an ordinary coffee mug. It contains a 2-axis inertia sensor to monitor vibration and a small motor to carry an eccentric mass (m=100 gr, r=2 cm, rpm=600). The centrifugal force due to the rotating mass applies a dynamic force to the hand that holds the mug. Correlation of the acceleration signals with the perturbing force gives the geometrical mechanical impedance. Experimental results on a healthy subject shows that impedance is posture dependant while it changes with the direction of the applied perturbing force. For nine postures the geometrical impedance is obtained all of which have elliptical shapes. The method can be used for assessment of spasticity and monitoring stability in patients with stroke or similar problems.
Drug loading of nanoporous TiO 2 films (2006)

The loading of therapeutic amounts of drug on a nanoporous TiO(2) surface is described. This novel drug-loading scheme on a biocompatible surface, when employed on medical implants, will benefit patients who require the deployment of drug-eluting implants. Anticoagulants, analgesics and antibiotics can be considered on the associated implants for drug delivery during the time of maximal pain or risk for patients undergoing orthopedic procedures. Therefore, this scheme will maximize the chances of patient recovery.
Das Gericht als Protestbühne? (2018)

Strategic Litigation entwickelt sich zurzeit auch unter deutschen Juristen zum Buzzword. Davon zeugen eine zunehmende Zahl von Gerichtsverfahren, die mit diesem Etikett versehen werden, neue zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen, die solche Verfahren zu ihrem Tätigkeitsschwerpunkt erklären, akademische Tagungen, die dieses Phänomen reflektieren, und ein stetig anschwellendes Echo in Fachliteratur und Medien. Doch was genau ist unter Strategic Litigation zu verstehen? Und was davon zu halten? Am Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht und Politik der Universität Regensburg wird diesen Fragen seit einigen Jahren nachgegangen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in diesen Forschungsbereich.
PATH-08. THE IVY GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENT ATLAS - A NOVEL CLINICAL AND RADIO-GENOMICS RESOURCE FOR EARLY PHASE CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION (2018)

period. METHODS: The UCSF500 Cancer Panel assesses approximately 500 cancer-associated genes for mutations, copy number alterations, and structural rearrangements, including fusions. The test can be run on tumor DNA alone or compared with normal DNA, allowing for discrimination of germline variants. Sequencing results are analyzed by a neuropathologist with genomics expertise (D.A.S.). Results from the 165 adult WHO grade IV diffuse glioma cases sequenced to date were analyzed, including 136 glioblastomas, IDH-wildtype; 19 glioblastomas, IDH-mutant; and 10 diffuse midline gliomas, H3 K27M-mutant. RESULTS: Among the 136 IDHwildtype glioblastomas, the most common alterations were in TERT, EGFR, CDKN2A, PTEN, NF1, TP53, PIK3R1, PDGFRA, CDK4, MDM2, LZTR1, and STAG2. Among the 19 IDH-mutant glioblastomas, the most common additional alterations were in TP53, ATRX, CDKN2A, and PDGFRA. Paired germline sequencing was performed on 71 patients, ten of which were found to harbor a germline mutation associated with increased cancer risk, including the CHEK2, MSH2, and NF1 genes. Somatic hypermutation was present in nine cases, four at initial resection and five at recurrence with a temozolomide-associated mutational signature. Among the four treatmentnave glioblastomas with hypermutation, two were Lynch syndrome-associated in patients with damaging germline mutations in MSH2, and two were sporadic tumors that harbored somatic mutations in mismatch repair genes. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic profiling in adult glioblastoma patients results in identification of potentially actionable genetic alterations and also previously unknown germline mutations associated with increased cancer risk. A subset of glioblastomas (approximately 5%) harbor somatic hypermutation, indicating potential utility of immune checkpoint inhibition.
Searching for solar axions in the eV-mass region with the CCD detector at CAST (2009)

The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is searching for solar axions, which could be produced in the core of the Sun via the so-called Primakoff effect. For this purpose, CAST uses a decommissioned LHC prototype magnet. In its magnetic field of 9 Tesla axions could be reconverted into X-ray photons. The magnet is mounted on a structure built to follow the Sun during sunrise and sunset for a total of about 3 hours per day. The analysis of the data acquired during the first phase of the experiment with vacuum in the magnetic field region yielded the best experimental upper limit on the axion-to-photon coupling constant for axion masses up to about 0.02 eV. In order to extend the sensitivity of the experiment to a wider mass range, the CAST experiment continued its search for axions with helium in the magnet bores. In this way it is possible to restore coherence for larger masses. Changing the pressure of the helium gas enables the experiment to scan different axion masses. In the first part of this second phase of CAST, helium-4 has been used and the axion mass region was extended up to 0.4 eV ...
A simple multiplexing scheme for MIMO systems using multiple spreading codes (2002)

There has been a growing interest in the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas for wireless communications, due to the enormous increase in data rate that they promise over single antenna systems. Spatial multiplexing is a scheme that aims to achieve such high data rates by transmitting an independent substream of data from each transmit antenna. However when the receive spatial signatures are poor (i.e., when the channel is not favorable), one or more transmit antennas can not be used to transmit an independent stream. In fixed modulation systems this results in some loss in data rate. We consider such fixed modulation systems and propose a scheme that uses multiple spreading codes as in CDMA MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems to smartly combine code multiplexing with spatial multiplexing in order to mitigate this loss in data rate. We also show that, in the presence of a low bandwidth feedback path, the proposed scheme, unlike the spatial-only multiplexing scheme, allows the transmitter to adapt the data, rate smoothly based on the receive spatial signatures.