gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding Vehicle Dead-Reckoning Data for Improved Automotive GPS Performance in anUrban Environment. or (1999)

GPS based automotive navigation systems are currently
being offered as an optional extra on many high end
vehicles, and are being planned as a standard fixture for
many models to be brought out in the next few years.
These systems seem to fall into two categories, those
which use stand-alone GPS and those which are combined
with an external dead-reckoning (DR) sensors. The stand-alone
units suffer severe masking in urban environments
resulting in long periods of navigation outages, often at
the time when it is really required. The units with added
DR sensors typically use accelerometers or gyros, and
although providing a good navigation solution, the
systems rapidly become very expensive.
Symmetricom Ltd (formerly Navstar Systems Ltd) has
developed a GPS OEM module ideal for the emerging
automotive mass market based around its new XR7 digital
and RF technology. The XR7 OEM module only uses the
DR data already available on the vehicle. For example,
speed or distance moved from wheel click counts or the ABS (Anti-Breaking System). Additionally, direction and
rate of change of direction from steering information or
relative wheel counts may also be used. The philosophy
is to use whatever data is available and provide the user
with the best possible position information along with an
accurate and reliable measure of its status and most
importantly its estimated accuracy. An added benefit is
that almost instantaneous re-acquisition is possible by
maintaining receiver clock information from as little as
one satellite plus DR “navigation” together with the
reliable accuracy estimates. Very fast re-acquisition is
particularly important in automotive applications, when
satellites may only be visible for very short periods at
road intersections.
This paper presents the methodology used to combine the
DR measurements and calibrate the error sources. This is
followed by a description and results from a GPS
Simulator test environment adapted to model the various
vehicle DR sensor data in automotive urban environment
scenarios.
FWI for Sub-surface Imaging in the Context of Seismic while Drilling - Synthetic Study (2012)

Seismic data acquired while drilling can be used to complement the information provided by surface seismic and reduce drilling hazards. In this paper, we investigate the potential of full waveform inversion (FWI) to provide an update of the subsurface image ahead of and around the drill bit while drilling. Inversion tests are carried out for three different acquisition configurations: surface to wellbore seismic, well to well seismic and wellbore seismic with sources and receivers placed along the drill string. A 2D visco acoustic FWI code in the frequency-space domain is used. We considered a deep section of a simplified P-wave velocity model based on data from the Norne field. A fault, considered as a target in the numerical experiment, is created by shifting the layers along an oblique line. The method is applied to a smooth initial P-wave velocity model. For the different acquisition geometries, the final velocity models show that the method can provide clear indications about the presence of the fault ahead of the drill bit. The quality of the models depends on the acquisition geometry. The spurious artefacts observed in the low illuminated zones reflect the strong signature of the acquisition geometry in the inversion results.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE MÉTODO POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA EFICIÊNCIA (CLAE) PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA TALIDOMIDA EM NANOEMULSÕES (2009)

A talidomida um composto racmico derivado do cido glutmico com propriedades antiinflamatrias e imunorreguladoras, que disponibilizada na forma de comprimidos a programas de sade do governo.Devido baixa hidrossolubilidade e estabilidade do frmaco em meio aquoso, no existe uma formulao parenteral comercialmente disponvel at o momento, o que seria desejvel, em casos de nuseas, tratamento intensivo, coma ou dificuldades na deglutio.Desta forma, o desenvolvimento de emulses intravenosas (nanoemulses) contendo talidomida est sob investigao pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um mtodo por CLAE, a fim de determinar a solubilidade da talidomida em diferentes leos autorizados para administrao intravenosa e, posteriormente, quantificar o frmaco nas formulaes desenvolvidas.O mtodo foi desenvolvido em equipamento Shimadzu Prominence consistindo de degaseificador DGU-20A5, bomba LC-20AT, amostrador automtico SIL-20A, detector de UV/Vis SPD-20AV a 237 e 300nm e mdulo de comunicao CBM-20A.Foi empregada coluna de fase reversa de 25 cm e fase mvel composta de tampo acetato de amnio 10 mM:acetonitrila (55:45, v/v) (pH 5.5) sob fluxo de 1 mL/min.A pureza de pico foi determinada com detector de arranjo de diodos SPD-M20A.O mtodo mostrou-se linear no intervalo de 1,0 a 6,0 g/mL, apresentando coeficiente de determinao linear igual a 0,999.Os desvios padres relativos das curvas foram inferiores a 2,37 %, demonstrando a preciso do mtodo.A quantificao da recuperao da talidomida nas amostras controle foi de 99,8% a 102,3%.Os limites de deteco e quantificao foram de 0,05 e 0,160 g/mL, respectivamente.A solubilidade da talidomida em leos variou de 0,042 mg/g a 0,300 mg/g, seguindo a ordem: leo de rcino > TCM > leo de soja> leo de oliva.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Fluorinated Quaternary Stereogenic Centers Through Catalytic Enantioselective Detrifluoroacetylative Aldol Reactions. (2015)

Abstract Reaction of 2‐fluoro‐1,3‐diketone hydrates (I), (IV), and (VI) with aldehydes proceeds through a detrifluoroacetylative aldol addition mechanism to yield fluorinated aldol products in good stereoselectivities.
The costs and benefits of using complex 2-D Gabor filters in a filter-based fingerprint-matching system (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the utility of complex, 2-D Gabor filter for a fingerprint matching system. Previous approaches have used an even symmetric 2-D Gabor filter to perform fingerprint feature extraction processing. Several processing methods using a complex filter are explored and compared to the even-symmetric case. Conclusions are drawn based upon both the results of using a complex filter and the added computational costs of doing so.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA MICROBALANÇA DE QUARTZO ACOPLADA A UMA FONTE DE EVAPORAÇÃO PARA APLICAÇÕES EM ULTRAALTO VÁCUO (UHV) (1986)

Construi-se uma microbalanca de quartzo para determinacao da espessura de camadas ultra finas, em conjunto com uma fonte de evaporacao. A construcao divide-se em duas partes, uma parte eletronica e uma mecânica fina.
A parte eletronica consiste na construcao de um oscilador e de um circuito regulador de temperatura, para manter o crsital na sua temperatura de inversao. Todo o sistema foi montado num passador de corrente, compativelcom as condicoes de ultra alto vacuo. O medidor tem uma sensibilidade para medir espessuramenor que 0,1 monocamada.
The anterior tibio‐talar ligament: one reason for anterior ankle impingement (2009)

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the ankle's anterolateral ligament structures. We documented the anatomic situation of the ankle's anterolateral ligament structures in 33 Thiel-embalmed specimens. The ligaments had been isolated. We performed measurements on both length and orientation and additionally classified the ligaments. We also conducted histologic tissue staining. We were able to document a regular appearance of a so far not well-realized structure between the talus and the tibia, present in 26 (79%) specimens. Average length of this structure was 26 mm (in 20 degrees plantarflexion). The angular orientation in relation to the ant. tibio-fibular lig. was on average 43.7 degrees. This structure could be classified as being either isolated or widespread, with a further four sub-classifications for the orientation. Histologic staining showed parallel orientated dense collagen fibers as well as elastic fibers and hyaline cartilage in different stages of proliferation. In addition, there were neural fibers in the perivascular and the soft tissue. The histologic findings proved that the structure was a ligament. Since the ant. tibio-talar lig. is constantly present in most ankle joints, it could be considered as a regular finding. Its morphology and histology show that this ligament is loaded under tension as well as under compression. This could be one reason for anterior ankle impingement.
Are All Sterilization Processes Alike? (1998)

Automated processes designed to sterilize reusable medical instruments use heat and low-temperature chemicals. Several factors, including the physical properties of the sterilizing agents and whether all of the instruments' surfaces can be adequately cleaned, can cause significant variations in the reliability and effectiveness of the sterilization processes. Instruments exposed to heat-based sterilization processes pose the lowest probability of transmitting diseases between patients. Heat can conduct through many different types of materials and can destroy microorganisms embedded under layers of patient debris. Studies have demonstrated, however, that--unlike heat--low-temperature chemicals require direct contact with the microorganisms to be effective. Moreover, the complex designs of some instruments can adversely affect the low-temperature sterilization processes' outcomes by hindering cleaning and preventing the flow of low-temperature chemicals to all of the instruments' contaminated surfaces. This article will explore the differences between heat-based and low-temperature chemical processes to help health care providers minimize the risk of cross-infection.
Improving tracking performance of PLL in high dynamic applications (2005)

The Phase-locked loop (PLL) is used in GPS receivers to track an incoming signal and to provide accurate carrier phase measurements. However, the PLL tracking performance and measurement accuracy are affected by a number of factors, such as signal-to-noise power ratio, Doppler frequency shift, the GPS receiver's jitter caused by vibration, and the Allan deviation. Among these factors, the thermal noise and Doppler shift are the most predominant and have a large influence on the design of the PLL. In high dynamic situations, the conflict between improving PLL tracking performance and the ability to track the signal necessitates some compromises in PLL design. This thesis investigates the strategies to resolve this conflict. Three methods are investigated to improve PLL tracking performance in high dynamic applications: a Kalman filter-based tracking algorithm, application of a wavelet denoising technique in PLL, and an adaptive bandwidth algorithm. The Kalman filter-based tracking algorithm makes use of a carrier phase dynamic model and a measurement from the output of the discriminator to estimate the phase difference between the incoming signal and the Numerical Controlled Oscillator (NCO) output, Doppler frequency and the change rate of Doppler frequency. The wavelet de-noising technique effectively decreases the noise level and allows broadening of the PLL bandwidth to track high dynamics signals. The adaptive bandwidth PLL algorithm adapts the bandwidth of the PLL according to the estimation of the incoming signal dynamics and noise level. The performance is evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratios and dynamic variations using simulating signals. The first two methods are found to produce better improvements when the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the signal dynamic is high. The third method works well under high signal-to-noise ratios and less random dynamic variations. The results show that these methods outperform the ordinary PLL under high dynamic conditions and the resulting carrier phase measurement is more accurate.
Atomic emission spectrometric detection limits and noise power spectra of argon inductively coupled plasma discharges formed with laminar- and tangential-flow torches (1989)

Atomic emission spectrometric detection limits and noise power spectra were measured for argon inductively coupled plasmas (Ar ICPs) formed in tangential- and laminar-flow torches. To identify the origin of the noise sources from the sample introduction systems and the plasmas, noise power spectra were collected for two frequency ranges: 0–35, and 0–1060 Hz. In contrast to previous reports, the replacement of tangential flow by laminar flow resulted in no significant improvement in the detection power of the Ar ICP when torches with extended outer tubes were used.
Fostering Dental Student Self‐Assessment of Knowledge by Confidence Scoring of Multiple‐Choice Examinations (2014)

Creating a learning environment that fosters student acquisition of self-assessment behaviors and skills is critically important in the education and training of health professionals. Self-assessment is a vital component of competent practice and lifelong learning. This article proposes applying a version of confidence scoring of multiple-choice questions as one avenue to address this crucial educational objective for students to be able to recognize and admit what they do not know. The confidence scoring algorithm assigns one point for a correct answer, deducts fractional points for an incorrect answer, but rewards students fractional points for leaving the question unanswered in admission that they are unsure of the correct answer. The magnitude of the reward relative to the deduction is selected such that the expected gain due to random guessing, even after elimination of all but one distractor, is never greater than the reward. Curricular implementation of this confidence scoring algorithm should motivate health professions students to develop self-assessment behaviors and enable them to acquire the skills necessary to critically evaluate the extent of their current knowledge throughout their professional careers. This is a professional development competency that is emphasized in the educational standards of the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA).
A Computational Model of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2019)

Immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blocking antibodies such as anti-PD-1 are approved and significantly improve the survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but there has been little success in identifying biomarkers capable of separating the responders from non-responders before the onset of the therapy. In this study, we developed a quantitative system pharmacology (QSP) model to represent the anti-tumor immune response in human NSCLC that integrated our knowledge of tumor growth, antigen processing and presentation, T cell activation and distribution, antibody pharmacokinetics, and immune checkpoint dynamics. The model was calibrated with the available data and was used to identify potential biomarkers as well as patient-specific response based on the patient parameters. The model predicted that in addition to tumor mutational burden (TMB), a known biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC, the number of effector T cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor and blood is a predictor of the responders. Furthermore, the model simulated a set of 12 patients with known TMB and MHC/antigen-binding affinity from a recent clinical trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02259621) on neoadjuvant nivolumab therapy in resectable lung cancer and predicted an augmented durable response in patients with adjuvant nivolumab treatment in addition to the clinical trial protocol of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment followed by resection. Overall, the model provides a valuable framework to model tumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint blockers to enhance biomarker discovery and performing virtual clinical trials to aid in design and interpretation of the current trials with fewer patients.
(E)-Methyl 2-[(2S,3S,12bR)-3-ethyl-8-methoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-methoxyacrylate ethanol solvate (2009)

In the title compound, C(23)H(30)N(2)O(4)·C(2)H(6)O, the indole derivative has four fused rings, forming an indolo[2-3a]quinolizine system, in which one six-membered ring is directly connected to the indole unit and has a distorted chair conformation. The fourth ring is also a six-membered ring, depicting a regular chair conformation. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N inter-actions, forming a C(7) chain.
Line-edge roughness in sub-0.18-μm resist patterns (1998)

We have characterized line-edge roughness in single-layer, top-surface imaging, bilayer and trilayer resist schemes. The results indicate that in dry developed resists there is inherent line-edge roughness which results from the etch mask, resist (planarizing layer) erosion, and their dependence on plasma etch conditions. In top surface imaging the abruptness of the etch mask, i.e., the silylation contrast, and the silicon content in the silylated areas are the most significant contributors to line-edge roughness. Nevertheless, even in the case of a trilayer, where the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer represents the near ideal mask, there is still resist sidewall roughness of the planarizing layer observed which is plasma induced and polymer dependent. The mechanism and magnitude of line-edge roughness are different for different resist schemes, and require specific optimization. Plasma etching of silicon, like O<SUB>2</SUB> dry development, contributes to the final line-edge roughness of patterned features.
An Attention Based Theory to Explore Affordances of Textual and Diagrammatic Proofs (2010)

An Attention Based Theory to Explore Affordances of Textual and Diagrammatic Proofs Peter Coppin University of Toronto James Burton University of Brighton Abstract: Shimojima and Katagiri have demonstrated that diagrams reduce ”inferential load” during reasoning by scaffolding visual-spatial aspects of memory. In response, we wondered why, if this is true, that proofs are usually text based? The purpose of this paper is to explore ergonomic affordances of text that may encourage its use in the communication of proofs by building on prior work in attention. We claim that textual notations may focus a reasoner’s ”spotlight” of attention through serialized sequential chunks, whereas many diagrams may ”diffuse” attention and that a diagrammatic notation system that serialized information in chunks amenable to focused attention could leverage the power of textual notations. We present such an example through a case study focused on generalized constraint diagrams, a visual logic with attributes that may support focused attention and extract ergonomic principles that may transcend each notation system.
Aerobic Synthesis of Pyrroles and Dihydropyrroles from Imines: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular CH Dehydrogenative Cyclization (2013)

sp3ektakulär mild! Die Titelreaktion überführt effizient Imine in Dihydropyrrole, wobei lediglich molekularer Sauerstoff als Oxidationsmittel dient. Ausgehend von billigen und leicht verfügbaren Allylaminen und Ketonen führt diese milde formale C-H-Funktionalisierung schnell und atomökonomisch zu Dihydropyrrolringen mit einem breiten Spektrum an funktionellen Gruppen. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chlorobium Chlorophylls. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on a Chlorobium Pheophorbide-660 and -650 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorobium Chlorophylls. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on a Chlorobium Pheophorbide-660 and -650J. W. Mathewson, W. R. Richards, and H. RapoportCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 3, 364–365Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00886a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00886a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical Thermospray Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation for Coupling Electrochemistry to Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Reaction products in electrochemical processes can be identified by coupling an electrochemical thin-layer flow cell to a thermospray mass spectrometer. The performance of this analytical method, electrochemical thermospray mass spectrometry, is demonstrated. This includes the characterization of the improved electrochemical thin-layer flow cell. This cell offers the possibility to combine cyclic voltammograms with mass spectrometry. This goal was achieved, too, by the construction of a new thermospray ion source and a special vacuum recipient.
Uncovering Patterns in Cybershopping (2001)

Academics and practitioners alike have been arguing about whether the Internet brings a revolutionary change in the fundamental way we do business or if it simply offers a new distribution channel and communication medium. Regardless of the answer to that debate, one thing is certain: the Internet provides managers with an enormous amount of customer information that was previously unavailable. Thus, the new struggle has been to manage this information and to use it accurately and efficiently to measure customers, trends, and performance. However, the volume of this data has overwhelmed many e-commerce managers. As a result, e-commerce managers have been focusing on aggregate level summary statistics rather than fully leveraging their data. Using commonly available clickstream data, this article discusses the benefits of separating an individual customer's buying behavior into simple patterns of visits and purchasing conversion. This analysis of the buying process allows us to more carefully examine the relationship between store visits and purchasing behavior.
Pentixafor PET/CT for imaging of chemokine receptor 4 expression in esophageal cancer – a first clinical approach (2021)

Our data shows that additional PET/CT imaging with Pentixafor for imaging the CXCR4 chemokine receptor is feasible but heterogeneous in both newly diagnosed and pretreated recurrent esophageal cancer. In addition, the Pentixafor PET/CT may serve as complementary tool for radiation field expansion in radiooncology.