gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mean cell size and collagen orientation from 2D Fourier analysis on confocal laser scanning microscopy and two-photon fluorescence microscopy on human skin in vivo (2003)

We present results from 2D Fourier analysis on 3D stacks of images obtained by confocal laser scanning reflectance microscopy (CLSM) and two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PM) on human skin in vivo. CLSM images were obtained with a modified commercial system (Vivascope1000, Lucid Inc, excitation wavelength 830 nm) equipped with a piezo-focusing element (350 &mu;m range) for depth positioning of the objective lens. 2PM was performed with a specially designed set-up with excitation wavelength 730 nm. Mean cell size in the epidermal layer and structural orientation in the dermal layer have been determined as a function of depth by 2D Fourier analysis. Fourier analysis on microscopic images enables automatic non-invasive quantitative structural analysis (mean cell size and orientation) of living human skin.
Epigenetic Regulation, Somatic Homologous Recombination, and Abscisic Acid Signaling Are Influenced by DNA Polymerase ϵ Mutation inArabidopsis (2009)

Based on abscisic acid (ABA) inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth assays, we isolated an ABA overly sensitive mutant (abo4-1) caused by a mutation in the Arabidopsis thaliana POL2a/TILTED1(TIL1) gene encoding a catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon. The dominant, ABA-insensitive abi1-1 or abi2-1 mutations suppressed the ABA hypersensitivity of the abo4-1 mutant. The abo4/til1 mutation reactivated the expression of the silenced Athila retrotransposon transcriptional silent information (TSI) and the silenced 35S-NPTII in the ros1 mutant and increased the frequency of somatic homologous recombination (HR) approximately 60-fold. ABA upregulated the expression of TSI and increased HR in both the wild type and abo4-1. MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION11 and GAMMA RESPONSE1, both of which are required for HR and double-strand DNA break repair, are expressed at higher levels in abo4-1 and are enhanced by ABA, while KU70 was suppressed by ABA. abo4-1 mutant plants are sensitive to UV-B and methyl methanesulfonate and show constitutive expression of the G2/M-specific cyclin CycB1;1 in meristems. The abo4-1 plants were early flowering with lower expression of FLOWER LOCUS C and higher expression of FLOWER LOCUS T and changed histone modifications in the two loci. Our results suggest that ABO4/POL2a/TIL1 is involved in maintaining epigenetic states, HR, and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.
Photoinduced Charge Separation of Pyrene in Chromium Containing Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-5) Microporous Materials at Room Temperature (2003)

The photoinduced charge separation of pyrene in chromium containing microporous SAPO-5 materials with ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature was examined. Photoionization of pyrene in Cr containing SAPO-5 results in the formation of pyrene cation radicals that are characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). ESR studies indicate that Cr(V) acts as an electron acceptor. The photoyield and stability of the photoproduced pyrene cation radical were found to depend on the pore size of the microporous material, the concentration, and the oxidation state of chromium ions. The photoyield and stability of the photoproduced pyrene cation are found to be higher than in mesoporous materials investigated in our laboratory earlier. The study thus demonstrates the importance of Cr containing microporous SAPO-5 materials as potential candidates for photochemical conversion and storage devices.
All-fiber absolute temperature sensor using an unbalanced high-birefringence Sagnac loop (1997)

We demonstrate a highly sensitive temperature sensor based on a stress-induced high-birefringence-fiber Sagnac loop that uses a Nd-doped-fiber amplified spontaneous emission source. Relative temperature sensing is done in the spectral domain by shifts of a resonant wavelength lambda(r) and absolute temperature sensing by changes in separation between resonances Dlambda . The measured relative change of these parameters with temperature in the range 15-110 degrees C, is (1/lambda(r))(deltalambda(r)/deltaT) = -(1/Dlambda)(deltaDlambda/delta T) approximately (1/Dn)(delta Dn/deltaT)(-0.94 +/- 0.02) x 10(-3)/K, with measured fiber birefringence Dn = 8 x 10(-4) . This gives a wavelength-shift sensitivity of -1.00 nm/K at 1.065 microm and a resonance separation sensitivity of 0.006 nm/K for Dlambda = 6.8 nm . This telemetric point sensor has a loop length of 80 m, an operational bandwidth of more than 50 nm, and a temperature accuracy of better than 1 degrees C.
Passively-coupled, low-coherence interferometric duct profiling with an astigmatism-corrected conical mirror (2017)

Duct-profiling in test samples up to 25 mm in diameter has been demonstrated using a passive, low-coherence probe head with a depth resolution of 7.8 μm, incorporating an optical-fibre-linked conical mirror addressed by a custom-built array of single-mode fibres. Zemax modelling, and experimental assessment of instrument performance, show that degradation of focus, resulting from astigmatism introduced by the conical mirror, is mitigated by the introduction of a novel lens element. This enables a good beam focus to be achieved at distances of tens of millimetres from the cone axis, not achievable when the cone is used alone. Incorporation of the additional lens element is shown to provide a four-fold improvement in lateral imaging resolution, when compared with reflection from the conical mirror alone.
Bacillus firmus Strain I-1582, a Nematode Antagonist by Itself and Through the Plant (2020)

<i>Bacillus firmus</i> I-1582 is approved in Europe for the management of <i>Meloidogyne</i> on vegetable crops. However, little information about its modes of action and temperature requirements is available, despite the effect of these parameters in its efficacy. The cardinal temperatures for bacterial growth and biofilm formation were determined. The bacteria was transformed with GFP to study its effect on nematode eggs and root colonization of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) and cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>) by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Induction of plant resistance was determined in split-root experiments and the dynamic regulation of genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) by RT-qPCR at three different times after nematode inoculation. The bacteria was able to grow and form biofilms between 15 and 45°C; it degraded egg-shells and colonized eggs; it colonized tomato roots more extensively than cucumber roots; it induced systemic resistance in tomato, but not in cucumber; SA and JA related genes were primed at different times after nematode inoculation in tomato, but only the SA-related gene was up-regulated at 7 days after nematode inoculation in cucumber. In conclusion, <i>B. firmus</i> I-1582 is active at a wide range of temperatures; its optimal growth temperature is 35°C; it is able to degrade <i>Meloidogyne</i> eggs, and to colonize plant roots, inducing systemic resistance in a plant dependent species manner.
Mechatronic design and genetic-algorithm-based MIMO fuzzy control of adjustable-stiffness tendon-driven robot finger (2018)

Abstract. This work presents a detailed design of a three-jointed tendon-driven robot finger with a cam/pulleys transmission and joint Variable Stiffness Actuator (VSA). The finger motion configuration is obtained by deriving the cam/pulleys transmission profile as a mathematical solution that is then implemented to achieve contact force isotropy on the phalanges. A VSA is proposed, in which three VSAs are designed to act as a muscle in joint space to provide firm grasping. As a mechatronic approach, a suitable type and number of force sensors and actuators are designed to sense the touch, actuate the finger, and tune the VSAs. The torque of the VSAs is controlled utilizing a designed Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller input is the force sensors' signals that are used to set the appropriate VSA torque. The fuzzy controller parameters are then tuned using a genetic algorithm as an optimization technique. The objective function of the genetic algorithm is to avoid unbalance torque in the individual joints and to reduce the difference between the values of the supplied VSAs torques. Finally, the operation of the aforementioned finger system is organized through a simple control algorithm. The function of this algorithm is to enable the detection of the unknown object and simultaneously automatically activate the optimized fuzzy controller thus eliminating the necessity of any external control unit.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Highly Stereoselective Reactions Mediated by Alkyne‐Co2( CO)6 Complexes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Some recent developments of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based polymeric materials (2010)

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) has attracted considerable interest in materials science due to its well-defined nano-scale organic–inorganic structure, which makes it an ideal building block for constructing nano-structured hybrid materials and nanocomposites. In this article, we highlight some recent developments in applications of POSS materials: 1) improving thermal and mechanical properties of polymers through incorporation of POSS into polymer matrices to form nanocomposites; 2) using POSS as a building block for design and synthesis of POSS-containing organic semiconductor materials to achieve high photo-luminescence/electron luminescence quantum efficiency in organic light emitting diodes and enhanced performance in electrochromatic devices; 3) exploiting POSS as a hydrophobic unit to develop amphiphilic polymers for drug/gene delivery and formation of hydrogels. A future direction for the development of POSS-containing materials is also proposed for applications in organic photovoltaic and other high-performance materials.
Improved liquid crystal device response time (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. S. Kwon, I. Lefkowitz, and R. Lontz, "Improved liquid crystal device response time," Appl. Opt. 18, 1700-1702 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Premature Loss of Oil Consumption Control in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of some engine operating condition variables on loss of oil consumption control is discussed. A 200 hour multi-cylinder diesel lab engine test procedure is described which has shown the ability to assess the relative performance of lubricating oil formulations. The relationship of various parts rating measurements to oil consumption is shown. The detrimental effect of piston crownland deposits on oil consumption is demonstrated.&lt;/div&gt;
Efficient Copper-Free PdCl2(PCy3)2-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes (2006)

Under copper-free conditions and with Cs2CO3 as a base, PdCl2(PCy3)2 showed high catalytic activity for cross-coupling of electron-rich, electron-neutral, and electron-deficient aryl chlorides with a variety of terminal alkynes in DMSO at 100−120 °C affording internal arylated alkynes in good to excellent yields.
Intestinal and tumor microbiome analysis combined with metabolomics of the anti-PD-L1 phase II PERFECT trial for resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma. (2020)

4556 Background: Both human and rodent studies provide evidence for a role of the microbiome in patients who respond to checkpoint inhibition (CI). So far, no study has unraveled the physiological link between intestinal and tumor microbiome composition in relation to response to CI. The PERFECT trial was a single-arm phase II feasibility study investigating the addition of atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma (NCT03087864). An exploratory objective of this trial was to evaluate intestinal and tumor microbiome composition including plasma metabolomics as potential biomarkers for immunological and pathological response. Methods: Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed fecal, duodenal and tumor samples at baseline (V0), 3 weeks after start of atezolizumab (V1), and 1 week before surgery (V2). We compared microbiome composition and metabolomics from patients with pathological complete response (pCR; ypT0N0) to patients with a pathological incomplete response. Differences in alpha diversity metrics were tested using mixed linear models. Beta-diversity associations were assessed using permutational MANOVA (adonis) and multilevel PCA (mixOmics). Biomarkers were identified using a machine learning model (XGboost) feature selection. Plasma metabolomics (Metabolon) were determined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: Microbiome profiles were significantly altered after start of treatment in all sample types. None of the sample types showed a relation between alpha or beta diversity and pCR. On taxonomical level, we found that the tumor and duodenal baseline samples were weak predictors for response (AUC 0.60 and 0.62, respectively), but better compared to fecal microbiome composition (AUC = 0.49). We identified the top 20 microbes that predicted pCR best in tumor and fecal samples and found significant correlations with metabolites involved in bile acid metabolism. Conclusions: Both tumor and duodenal baseline biopsies were better predictors of pathological response compared to fecal microbiome. Microbes predictive of pCR showed significant correlations with metabolites involved in bile acid metabolism, which is known to indirectly influence immunosurveillance in cancer. Data on immune response in relation to the microbiome and metabolomics are expected Spring 2020. Clinical trial information: NCT03087864 .
Nanometal Surface Energy Transfer in Optical Rulers, Breaking the FRET Barrier (2005)

Optical-based distance measurements are essential for tracking biomolecular conformational changes, drug discovery, and cell biology. Traditional Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is efficient for separation distances up to 100 A. We report the first successful application of a dipole-surface type energy transfer from a molecular dipole to a nanometal surface that more than doubles the traditional Forster range (220 A) and follows a 1/R(4) distance dependence. We appended a 1.4 nm Au cluster to the 5' end of one DNA strand as the energy acceptor and a fluorescein (FAM) to the 5' end of the complementary strand as the energy donor. Analysis of the energy transfer on DNA lengths (15, 20, 30, 60bp), complemented by protein-induced DNA bending, provides the basis for fully mapping the extent of this dipole surface type mechanism over its entire usable range (50-250 A). Further, protein function is fully compatible with these nanometal-DNA constructs. Significantly extending the range of optical based methods in molecular rulers is an important leap forward for biophysics.
The Pharmaceutical Industry – A key partner in providing information to the patient and a key player in the European debate on Direct To Consumer Communication (2002)

Direct to Consumer Communication (DTCC) is a hot topic in Britain and Europe. It is often discussed within the context of the US experience and it is, therefore, not surprising that regulatory authorities in Europe, as well as the European Commission, are reacting with conservative caution to the DTCC debate. The pressure on regulatory authorities to rethink their position comes from many directions. As an example, more and more patients demand to know and expect up-to-date information on their condition and treatment, as well as alternative treatment options. The access to information via the Internet means that information on a US website can be read by a European patient and may include information on a branded medicine. As we are in an age of global communication, the time is right to reconsider the regulatory environment for DTCC in Europe.
Design principles for authoring dynamic, reusable learning objects (2003)

&lt;div class="page" title="Page 1"&gt;&lt;div class="layoutArea"&gt;&lt;div class="column"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The aim of this paper is to delineate a coherent framework for the authoring of re-purposable learning objects. The approach is orthogonal to the considerable work into learning object metadata and packaging conducted by bodies such as IMS, ADL and the IEEE. The 'learning objects' and standardisation work has been driven largely by adding packaging and metadata to pre-constructed learning artefacts. This work is very valuable. The argument of this paper, however, is that these developments must be supplemented by significant changes in the creation of learning objects. The principal aim of this paper is to delineate authoring principles for reuse and repurposing. The principles are based on a synthesis of ideas from pedagogy and software engineering. These principles are outlined and illustrated from a case study in the area of learning to program in Java.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nonenzymatic Browning of Mozzarella Cheese (1985)

Mozzarella cheese was made with combinations of Streptococcus thermophilus nongalactose (Gal-) and galactose fermenting (GaI +) strains and Lactobacillus helveticus (Gal +) and L. bulgaricus (Gal-). Galactose was found in all Mozzarella cheese regardless of the culture used. The highest concentration was in cheese made with Streptococcus tbermophilus Gal-L. bulgaricus Galcombination with Streptococcus thermophilus Gal + Lactobacillus helveticus Gal + having the least. Little if any lactose was found in any of the cheeses. The temperature and time during stretching of the curd inhibited fermentation of the residual galactose.
Production of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 by immune CD4−CD8+ and their role in the generation of antigen‐specific cytotoxic T cells (1991)

In this report we investigated the production and role of interleukin (IL)2 and IL4 in the generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). We used as our model the ultraviolet-light-induced epithelial tumor 1591, a highly immunogenic regressor tumor which evokes a strong cell-mediated immune response leading to rejection. We show that IL2 and IL4 are differentially required for the development of optimal cytolytic activity to the 1591 tumor in primary and secondary in vitro splenic cultures. First, anti-IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly decreased specific cytotoxicity in both primary and secondary splenic mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture (MLTC) cultures, but anti-IL4 mAb inhibited the cytotoxic responses only secondary and not primary cultures. Second, when supernatants from MLTC were tested for lymphokine activity, primary cultures produced only IL2 while secondary cultures produced both IL2 and IL4. Splenic cells were then depleted of CD4+ cells by negative selection, or enriched for CD8+ cells by positive selection, and tested for lymphokine production and requirements. CD8+ cells could not generate significant CTL activity in primary cultures, but could in secondary MLTC. The addition of mAb to either IL2 or IL4 significantly inhibited the generation of CTL by CD8+ cells in these secondary MLTC.CD8+ cells were also found to produce both IL2 and IL4 in secondary MLTC by functional and Northern blot analysis. The production of IL2 and IL4 by CD8+ cells occurs during different phases of culture, with IL2 being produced early (days 1 and 2) and IL4 late (days 3-5). In addition, the requirement of CD8+ cells for both IL2 and IL4 is unique for that lymphokine. These results suggest that both IL2 and IL4 are both produced and required by CD8+ cells during secondary MLTC, and suggest an additional cellular source of IL4 production besides CD4+ T cells during antigen-specific CTL responses.
Modelling of the thermo-elastic response of composite media by a transfer matrix approach (1994)

A transfer matrix method is introduced here and it is demonstrated to be generally applicable for the calculation of the thermo-elastic response of one dimensional structures exposed to transient laser heating. The method enables the modelling of photothermal measurements of many practically important samples such as multi-layers and materials with continuously varying thermal and/or elastic properties. Examples for its possible applications are given.
Intracompartmental Delivery of CNTF as Therapy for Huntingtons Disease and Retinitis Pigmentosa (2006)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a cytokine with neurotrophic activity across a broad spectrum of peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) cells. While its therapeutic potential for CNS diseases has been clear for sometime, the blood brain barrier (BBB) hinders the systemic delivery of CNTF and direct bolus injections are not suitable due to the short half-life of CNTF. One means of overcoming the BBB while providing continuous delivery of CNTF is with immunoisolated cellular implants that produce and deliver CNTF directly to the region of interest. Cells can be protected from host rejection by encapsulating, or surrounding, them within an immunoisolatory, semipermeable membrane that admits oxygen and required nutrients and releases bioactive cell secretions, but restricts passage of larger cytotoxic agents from the host immune defense system. The selective membrane eliminates the need for chronic immunosuppression of the host and allows the implanted cells to be obtained from nonhuman sources. In this review we discuss cell immunoisolation for Huntington's disease and retinitis pigmentosa. These two indications are highlighted because of extensive pre-clinical data supporting the general concept and recent clinical data that both strengthens the theoretical role of CNTF for treating neurodegeneration and justifies additional clinical evaluation in these and other diseases.