gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Tetrahydrofolate. Sequence of GTP Cyclohydrolase I fromEscherichia coli (1991)

The sequence of the gene coding for GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli and of the adjacent regions was determined. The open reading frame contains 669 nucleotides. The deduced amino-acid sequence represents a protein consisting of 223 amino-acid residues with a molecular mass of 24,873 Da. Partial amino-acid sequences of the N-terminal region and of 5 peptides obtained by trypsin and BrCN cleavage were determined by Edman degradation and were in full agreement with the sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The starting methionine is removed by posttranslational modification. The protein shows extensive homology to the recently reported GTP cyclohydrolase from rats.
Prediction and suppression of HIFU-induced vessel rupture using passive cavitation detection in an ex vivo model (2014)

These results suggest that acoustic cavitation plays an important role in HIFU-induced vessel rupture. In HIFU treatments for vessel occlusion, passive monitoring of acoustic emissions may be useful in avoiding hemorrhage due to vessel rupture, as shown in the rupture suppression experiments.
Efficient ARQ schemes for point-to-multipoint communication (2002)

The use of forward error correction (FEC) and multiple copy decoding (MCD) in point-to-multipoint automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) schemes is studied. Three different channel models are considered: a binary symmetric channel; a nonfading additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel; and a Rayleigh fading AWGN channel. It is found that both FEC and MCD can yield significant throughput improvements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Scanning-Gate Microscopy of Semiconductor Nanostructures: An Overview (2011)

This paper presents an overview of scanning-gate microscopy applied to the imaging of electron transport through buried semiconductor nanostructures. After a brief description of the technique and of its possible artifacts, we give a summary of some of its most instructive achievements found in the literature and we present an updated review of our own research. It focuses on the imaging of GaInAs-based quantum rings both in the low magnetic field Aharonov-Bohm regime and in the high-field quantum Hall regime. In all of the given examples, we emphasize how a local-probe approach is able to shed new, or complementary, light on transport phenomena which are usually studied by means of macroscopic conductance measurements.
Coagulation factor concentrate in the treatment of the haemorrhagic diathesis of fulminant hepatic failure (1974)

To assess the value of clotting factor concentrate infusions in fulminant hepatic failure, a controlled trial was performed in which nine patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either concentrate alone or concentrate plus heparin. The five patients receiving concentrate alone all died, with major bleeding as the direct cause of death in three, whereas in the four receiving heparin as well there was only one instance of bleeding and one patient survived. Clinical evidence of intravascular coagulation appeared in two patients treated with concentrate alone and the laboratory evidence of this progressed during the period of infusions in all patients in both treatment groups, although to a lesser extent in those receiving heparin. Additional evidence for intravascular coagulation came from the changes observed in factor VIII levels which, although initially high in all patients, fell subsequently, particularly in those given concentrate alone. There was some improvement in the prothrombin ratio in both groups of patients but not complete correction, and serial assays of clotting factors showed that although factor II rose to high levels during treatment, factors IX and X showed little response. Thus, the use of concentrate of factor IX in this trial, as well as potentiating intravascular coagulation, was inadequate as replacement for the clotting factor deficiencies.
Theory for shear-horizontal surface-acoustic waves in finite synchronous resonators (1999)

An analytic simulation method is proposed for finite synchronous resonators employing shear-horizontally polarized surface-acoustic waves, such as surface transverse waves, and leaky surface-acoustic waves on LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrates. The approach takes into account the localization of the wave; it enables fast computation of the admittance of the resonator and it compares favourably with experiments.
Real-time Nonlinear MPC Strategy with Full Vehicle Validation for Autonomous Driving (2022)

In this paper, we present the development and deployment of an embedded optimal control strategy for autonomous driving applications on a Ford Focus road vehicle. Non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) is designed and deployed on a system with hard real-time constraints. We show the properties of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) optimization solvers that are suitable for driving tasks. Importantly, the designed algorithms are validated based on a standard automotive XiL development cycle: model-in-the-loop (MiL) with high fidelity vehicle dynamics, hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) with vehicle actuation and embedded platform, and full vehicle-hardware-in-the-loop (VeHiL). The autonomous driving environment contains both virtual simulation and physical proving ground tracks. NMPC algorithms and optimal control problem formulation are fine-tuned using a deployable C code via code generation compatible with the target embedded toolchains. Finally, the developed systems are applied to autonomous collision avoidance, trajectory tracking, and lane change at high speed on city/highway and low speed at a parking environment.
Defined dimensional changes in enzyme substrates and cofactors. Synthesis of lin-benzoadenosine and enzymic evaluation of derivatives of the benzopurines (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDefined dimensional changes in enzyme substrates and cofactors. Synthesis of lin-benzoadenosine and enzymic evaluation of derivatives of the benzopurinesNelson J. Leonard, Mark A. Sprecker, and Alan G. MorriceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 13, 3987–3994Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00429a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00429a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chip‐inductor‐embedded small‐size printed strip monopole for WWAN operation in the mobile phone (2009)

Abstract A simple small‐size printed strip monopole embedded with a chip inductor for covering all the five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation in the mobile phone is presented. The antenna consists of a chip‐inductor‐embedded longer radiating strip and a shorter radiating strip. With a 10‐nH chip inductor embedded, the longer radiating strip has a length of about 46 mm only (about 0.14 wavelength at 900 MHz), yet supports a wide resonant mode at about 900 MHz for the antenna's lower band to cover GSM850/900 operation. The shorter radiating strip has a length of about 30 mm (about 0.2 wavelength at 2000 MHz) and provides a wide resonant mode at about 2000 MHz for the antenna's upper band to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. With the five operating bands covered, the two radiating strips occupy a small printed area of about 350 mm 2 on the system circuit board of the mobile phone. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and the specific absorption rate results of the antenna are also analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 966–971, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24225
Picture coding (1967)

A critical view is presented of the development of certain picture coding systems. An attempt is made to unify the treatment of these systems by emphasizing the reaction of the observer to the types of alteration introduced into the transmitted signal, on the basis of what is known about vision. For the purpose of casting a number of apparently different techniques into similar forms, the relationship between differential quantizing and PCM is discussed in detail. We conclude that the pre- and post-quantizing filters play a key role in these systems. Optimum choice of such filters is shown to improve both quality and efficiency. Two-dimensional and dual-mode systems are seen to be outgrowths of these considerations. Recent results are described and a method of comparison between systems is proposed.
Optimal clocking of circular pipelines (2002)

A timing model for circular pipelines is presented and used to obtain the minimum cycle time in terms of circuit delays and clock skews. The model accounts for short- and long-path delays, the effects of clock skew, and the use of both latches and flip-flops as synchronizing elements. The formulation and implementation of algorithms to find the minimum cycle time for both single-phase and a restricted class of multi-phase clocks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design and synthesis of a “click” high-mannose oligosaccharide mimic emulating Man8 binding affinity towards Con A (2012)

A dendritic "click" mannooligomer mimicking the high-mannose oligosaccharide Man(8) has been designed by replacing some of the inner mannopyranosyl subunits with triazole moieties; evaluation of its binding affinity towards the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A revealed striking similarities between the "click" mimic and the natural Man(8).
Synthetic chiral magnets promoted by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (2020)

The ability to engineer the interactions in assemblies of nanoscale magnets is central to the development of artificial spin systems and spintronic technologies. Following the emergence of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in thin film magnetism, new routes have been opened to couple the nanomagnets via strong chiral interactions, which is complementary to the established dipolar and exchange coupling mechanisms. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in the engineering of synthetic magnets coupled by the interlayer and intralayer DMI. We show how multilayer chiral magnetic structures and two-dimensional synthetic antiferromagnets, skyrmions, and artificial spin systems can be realized by simultaneous control of the DMI and magnetic anisotropy. In addition, we show that, with the combination of DMI and current-induced spin–orbit torques, field-free switching of synthetic magnetic elements is obtained as well as all-electric domain wall logic circuits.
Functional Surfaces: Biologically Inspired Omniphobic Surfaces by Reverse Imprint Lithography (Adv. Mater. 13/2014) (2014)

A springtail skin morphology is translated into omniphobic polymer membranes by reverse imprint lithography, as described by C. Werner and co-workers on page 2029. The characteristic overhanging structures are arranged in a selfsupporting comblike pattern which provides mechanical stability.
Evaluating Transdermal Alcohol Measuring Devices (2008)

This report is an evaluation study of two types of transdermal devices that detect alcohol at the skin surface representing two types of electrochemical sensing technology. The AMS SCRAM™ ankle device and the Giner WrisTAS™ wrist device were worn concurrently for the evaluation by 22 paid research subjects (15 males, 7 females), for a combined total of 96 weeks. Each subject participated in both laboratory drinking to .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) BAC and normal drinking on their own. A total of 271 drinking episodes with BAC =.02 g/dL were logged: 60 were from laboratory dosing, and 211 were from self-dosed drinking. Both devices detected alcohol at the skin surface. The SCRAM™ unit has security features and automated reporting protocols that make it suitable for the offender market, whereas the WrisTAS™ unit is a research prototype that has had trials as an aid to detection for alcohol treatment settings. Neither unit had false-positive problems when true BAC was <.02 g/dL. False negatives were defined as TAC (transdermal alcohol concentration) response <.02 g/dL when true BAC =.02 g/dL. Overall, the true-positive hit rate detected by WrisTAS™ was 24 percent. The low detection rate for the WrisTAS™ was largely due to those devices’ erratic output or not recording during nearly 67 percent of all episodes. SCRAM™ correctly detected 57 percent across all BAC events, with another 22 percent (total 79%) detected, but as <.02 g/dL. SCRAM™ devices were more accurate earlier than later in the trials they may have had problems with water accumulation that reduced sensitivity. When subjects dosed themselves to BAC = .08 g/dL, SCRAM™ correctly detected 88 percent of these events. The report summarizes comments from research subjects, offenders, and vendors who manage transdermal detection programs.
Osteocalcin binds to a GPRC6A Venus fly trap allosteric site to positively modulate GPRC6A signaling (2022)

Abstract GPRC6A is a member of the Family C G-protein coupled receptors that is activated by cations, L-amino acids, the osteocalcin (Ocn) peptide, and testosterone. GPRC6A functions as a master regulator of energy metabolism and sex hormone production. Based on homology to the related receptors mGluR5 and CaSR, GPRC6A’s multiple ligand specificity is likely based on an orthosteric ligand binding site in the bilobed Venus fly trap (VFT) domain together with two positive allosteric modulator (PAM) sites, one in the VFT and the other in the 7TM domain. Here, we show that Ocn acts as a PAM for GPRC6A by binding to a site in the VFT that is distinct from the orthosteric site for calcium and L-amino acids. In agreement with this finding, alternatively spliced GPRC6A isoforms 2 and 3, which lack regions of the VFT, and mutations in the predicted Ocn binding site, K352E and H355P, prevent Ocn activation of GPRC6A. These observations provide a structural framework for understanding the ability of multiple distinct classes of compounds to activate GPRC6A and set the stage to develop novel small molecules to activate and inhibit this receptor.
Inhibition of Cancer Cell Growth by GRP78 siRNA Lipoplex <i>via</i> Activation of Unfolded Protein Response (2014)

Proteasome inhibitors are a novel class of molecular-targeted anti-cancer drugs that suppress the degradation of malfolded proteins, trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activate apoptosis signals. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a major ER chaperone, is one of the most important molecules for transduction of unfolded protein response (UPR) signals. In accordance with past findings that expression of GRP78 is elevated in cancer cells and helps to resist stress-induced apoptosis, GRP78 knockdown could be effective in anticancer therapy. We tested this hypothesis and found that transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting GRP78 inhibited the growth of RENCA renal carcinoma cells, in association with elevated gene expression of UPR downstream signaling molecules (CHOP, EDEM1, and ERdj4 mRNA). In addition, the combinatorial effect of GRP78 siRNA with ER stress inducers (tunicamycin, MG132, and 2-deoxyglucose) on survival was measured. Combination of GRP78 siRNA and the ER stress inducers more extensively reduced cell viability than combination with scrambled siRNA. Besides RENCA, B16BL6 melanoma cells were also shown to be sensitive to GRP78 siRNA. These results suggest that GRP78 knockdown might be an effective strategy for cancer therapy targeting UPR-induced apoptosis.
Front Cover: Fingerprinting Biogenic Aldehydes through Pattern Recognition Analyses of Excitation–Emission Matrices (ChemBioChem 4/2019) (2019)

The front cover picture shows a novel fluorogenic probe targeting biogenic carbonyls under physiological conditions, yielding a carbonyl-specific optical fingerprint in the form of an excitation–emission matrix. A data reduction and pattern matching algorithm enabled the identification of biogenic aldehydes in complex mixtures based on these optical fingerprints, thereby laying the groundwork for the specific identification of biogenic aldehydes as diagnostic biomarkers of disease. More information can be found in the full paper by A. Shuhendler et al. on page 543 in Issue 4, 2019 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800427).
MR imaging of the breast in patients with silicone breast implants: normal postoperative variants and diagnostic pitfalls. (1994)

Because of the wide variety of types of silicone breast implants, modifications, and surgical procedures, a number of normal variants and potentially misleading appearances can be encountered on MR images of breast implants. Familiarity with these findings is essential to proper interpretation of these images. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the overlap in appearances of MR images in different clinical scenarios. When confusing findings are present, confirmation of the surgical history can usually clarify the matter.
Improvement of Collision Detection Performance of Hierarchies by Using Dynamic-Density of 3D Objects Based on LOD (Level-of-Detail) (2007)

This paper is many studies have been conducted focusing on standard objects in 3D space for quick and exact collision detection in 3D graphics. A great deal of these took interest in the improvement of performance speed of collision detection of 3D objects, and in realization of realistic expressions along with the marvelous advancement of 3D graphics hardware. In this paper, features of various collision detection algorithms for standard 3D objects among 3D graphic algorithms were analyzed, and a 'dynamic density' that utilizes the center value and corner points of standard objects in simple hierarchic structures of existing 3D objects is suggested. By using this algorithm, an LOD (level-of-detail) algorithm can be applied to 3D space to improve collision detection of 3D objects in a 3D space. Also, through suggesting efficient rendering of 3D dimensional spaces as an important element of 3D graphics and a realistic expression method, the realism and efficiency of 3D games, which regards the real-time element as an important one, can be greatly improved.
A Study on Preparation of TiO_2 Thin Films by Alkali Treatment of Ti Foils (2013)

Titanium foils were treated in alkali solutions(0.5~4 mol L-1NaOH or KOH) at relatively low temperatures(20~80 ℃) for short time duration(0.5~7 h). The effects of reaction temperature, alkali concentration and reaction duration on the film morphology and chemical composition were systematically investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It was found that under above experimental conditions, the films are dominantly in the form of TiO2 and the amount of titanate of the films increases gradually with increasing temperature, alkali concentration and time duration of the treatment. In addition, a little amount of sub-oxide Ti2O3 was observed when the reaction temperature is low. The results also reveal that under the conditions of low concentration of alkali solution, low temperature and short reaction time, the films tend to form a net-like nanowire structure, whereas the band-like films with a porous structure, even flower-like structure, were observed when the concentration of alkali solution, reaction temperature and time duration are high. The formation mechanism of TiO2 film was discussed, and the fact that the main composition of the films is TiO2, and isn t titanate, was analyzed from a kinetic point of view.
Antiviral resistance and specifically targeted therapy for HCV (STAT‐C) (2009)

As health care providers, we find ourselves on the verge of a new era in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A number of directly acting antiviral agents are now in the latter stages of clinical development. The more promising candidates include direct inhibitors of the HCV nonstructural 3 protease, as well as both nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Although these agents have demonstrated potent antiviral effect, monotherapy has been complicated by rapid virological breakthrough due to the selection of drug-resistant mutants. As for HIV and HBV, combination therapy will therefore be necessary. This brief review summarizes the current literature concerning resistance and directly acting antiviral agents, and identifies key challenges facing this emerging field.
From Argumentation Mining to Stance Classification (2015)

Argumentation mining and stance classification were recently introduced as interesting tasks in text mining. In this paper, a novel framework for argument tagging based on topic modeling is proposed. Unlike other machine learning approaches for argument tagging which often require large set of labeled data, the proposed model is minimally supervised and merely a one-to-one mapping between the pre-defined argument set and the extracted topics is required. These extracted arguments are subsequently exploited for stance classification.
HIV testing experiences among male and female inmates in Rhode Island. (2007)

We conducted a survey of 154 inmates of the Rhode Island Department of Corrections jail regarding HIV risk, HIV testing experiences, and attitudes toward rapid HIV testing in the correctional setting. HIV risk behavior was common during the 6 months before incarceration. Ninety-four percent of inmates were previously tested for HIV; of those, 50% reported at least 1 test for which they did not receive a result. Eighty-eight percent stated they would prefer rapid testing to standard HIV antibody testing in the correctional setting. Rapid HIV testing is acceptable to this high-risk prison population and may improve the delivery of HIV test results. Further research is needed to determine how to best incorporate rapid HIV testing into the delivery of health care in the correctional setting.
Improving the efficiency of a wide-coverage CCG parser (2007)

The C&C CCG parser is a highly efficient linguistically motivated parser. The efficiency is achieved using a tightly-integrated supertagger, which assigns CCG lexical categories to words in a sentence. The integration allows the parser to request more categories if it cannot find a spanning analysis. We present several enhancements to the CKY chart parsing algorithm used by the parser. The first proposal is chart repair, which allows the chart to be efficiently updated by adding lexical categories individually, and we evaluate several strategies for adding these categories. The second proposal is to add constraints to the chart which require certain spans to be constituents. Finally, we propose partial beam search to further reduce the search space. Overall, the parsing speed is improved by over 35% with negligible loss of accuracy or coverage.