gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage-regulating of centrifugal permanent magnet generating set on farm vehicle (2009)

Several couples of permanent magnet material are alternately fixed on the inside surface of the centrifugal rotor with nonmagnetic bolts. Adjoined permanent magnet material's polarity is opposite. And N poles and S poles are side by side. When the rotor turns, the magnet field turns and the set generates electricity. With the permanent magnet material of high remnant magnetic induction and the optimized design of the generating set, the output voltage is improved on the low rotate speed. A parallel regulator with the function of zero current blockades is designed. So the output voltage is stabilized when the rotate speed is high. It solves farm vehicle's problem of keeping the voltage steady on varied speed and load.
Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics with Control (SINDYc)**SLB acknowledges support from the U.S. Air Force Center of Excellence on Nature Inspired Flight Technologies and Ideas (FA9550-14-1-0398). JLP thanks Bill and Melinda Gates for their active support of the Institute of Disease Modeling and their sponsorship through the Global Good Fund. JNK acknowledges support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-09-0174). (2016)

Identifying governing equations from data is a critical step in the modeling and control of complex dynamical systems. Here, we investigate the data-driven identification of nonlinear dynamical systems with inputs and forcing using regression methods, including sparse regression. Specifically, we generalize the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDY) algorithm to include external inputs and feedback control. This method is demonstrated on examples including the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model and the Lorenz system with forcing and control. We also connect the present algorithm with the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and Koopman operator theory to provide a broader context.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Giant Mimivirus Particle with an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (2015)

We present a proof-of-concept three-dimensional reconstruction of the giant mimivirus particle from experimentally measured diffraction patterns from an x-ray free-electron laser. Three-dimensional imaging requires the assembly of many two-dimensional patterns into an internally consistent Fourier volume. Since each particle is randomly oriented when exposed to the x-ray pulse, relative orientations have to be retrieved from the diffraction data alone. We achieve this with a modified version of the expand, maximize and compress algorithm and validate our result using new methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Design for Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation: An Unsymmetrical Cyclopentadienyl Group Enables a Regioselective Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones. (2015)

Abstract The regioselectivity of the insertion reaction of (I) with terminal olefins is strongly dependent on the catalyst used.
LegUp (2013)

It is generally accepted that a custom hardware implementation of a set of computations will provide superior speed and energy efficiency relative to a software implementation. However, the cost and difficulty of hardware design is often prohibitive, and consequently, a software approach is used for most applications. In this article, we introduce a new high-level synthesis tool called LegUp that allows software techniques to be used for hardware design. LegUp accepts a standard C program as input and automatically compiles the program to a hybrid architecture containing an FPGA-based MIPS soft processor and custom hardware accelerators that communicate through a standard bus interface. In the hybrid processor/accelerator architecture, program segments that are unsuitable for hardware implementation can execute in software on the processor. LegUp can synthesize most of the C language to hardware, including fixed-sized multidimensional arrays, structs, global variables, and pointer arithmetic. Results show that the tool produces hardware solutions of comparable quality to a commercial high-level synthesis tool. We also give results demonstrating the ability of the tool to explore the hardware/software codesign space by varying the amount of a program that runs in software versus hardware. LegUp, along with a set of benchmark C programs, is open source and freely downloadable, providing a powerful platform that can be leveraged for new research on a wide range of high-level synthesis topics.
In Vivo Visualization of Adventitial Vasa Vasorum of the Human Coronary Artery on Optical Frequency Domain Imaging (2014)

coronary vasospasm in porcine 1-3 Given that adventitial VV is a nutrient microvessel of the arterial wall and is known to develop in the atherosclerotic coronary lesion, 4 it could be e have previously demonstrated that adventitial inflammatory changes including vasa vasorum (VV) development are involved in the pathogenesis of W
Rayleigh criteria resolution of optical correlations (1984)

This report describes an investigation into determining the resolvability between correlations produced by Fourier transform matched filters made of very similar scenes. Knowledge of this type is needed to accurately predict the total number of matched filters needed to completely identify a scene or object regardless of its rotational position. Similar experiments may be done for scale and tilt as the variable. This report introduces the Rayleigh criteria as the standard by which distinguishability may be measured in a Vander Lugt type optical recognition system. (Author)
Imaging and detection of current conduction in dielectric films by emission microscopy (1986)

Current conduction in dielectric films has been studied by Emission Microscopy. By combining optical microscopy with the latest night vision technology and the computer image processing techniques, we have been able to image the extremely faint light emission accompanying current conduction in a dielectric film on silicon substrate. We have found that current flows uniformly in an undamaged capacitor initially. The capacitor then breaks down after conducting a certain amount of charge and current flow becomes constricted into the failure location. To date, we have achieved a sensitivity of 10pA/µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> uniform current conduction through a 250Å undamaged oxide. For a damaged oxide, our sensitivity is 50nA at 12V or 300nA at 5V, strongly depending on the degree of damage. The spatial resolution achieved is 0.5µm. With its unprecedented capability, Emission Microscopy can be readily used to study the physical mechanisms of dielectric conduction and pinpoint the location of gate dielectric failure.
Evaluation of Barrier Creams Against Sulphur Mustard: (II)In VivoandIn VitroStudies using the Domestic White Pig (2007)

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that barrier creams, comprising perfluorinated polymers, are effective against the chemical warfare agent sulphur mustard (SM) when evaluated using human skin in vitro. The purpose of this follow-up study was to further evaluate three candidate (perfluorinated) barrier creams against SM (vapour) using the domestic white pig. The severity and progression of the resulting skin lesions were quantified daily for three weeks post-exposure using biophysical measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin reflectance spectroscopy (SRS). Skin biopsies obtained post-mortem were evaluated by light microscopy and additional skin samples were obtained from adjacent (unexposed) skin sites for a comparative in vitro skin absorption study. Samples of SM vapour within the dosing chambers were measured ex vivo to ascertain the exposure dose (Ct). The three creams were highly effective against SM in vivo (Ct approximately 5000 mg.min.m(-3)): After 3 weeks, barrier cream pre-treated sites were not significantly different from control (unexposed) skin when evaluated by TEWL, SRS or histology. In contrast, skin exposed to SM without pre-treatment showed evidence of persistent damage that was consistent with the slow healing time observed in humans. The amount of SM absorbed in vitro in untreated pig skin was similar to that required to cause comparable lesions in human skin (8-20 and 4-10 microg.cm(-2), respectively), further validating the use of pigs as a toxicologically-relevant dermal model for SM exposure.
A Lecture/Laboratory Course on Microcomputer-Based Medical Instrumentation (1981)

Most existing courses on computers in medicine study applications of minicomputers or large-scale mainframes. These courses typically emphasize data-base management or computer simulation of biological systems. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, our course has evolved away from these applications and toward design of microcomputer-based medical instrumentation. To support this course, we have developed a textbook on this topic and a set of ten laboratory experiments that give the student hands-on experience with both hardware and software aspects of instrument design.
Elasticity Meets Continuous-Time: Map-Centric Dense 3D LiDAR SLAM (2021)

Map-centric SLAM utilizes elasticity as a means of loop closure. This approach reduces the cost of loop closure while still providing large-scale fusion-based dense maps, when compared to trajectory-centric SLAM approaches. In this article, we present a novel framework, named <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ElasticLiDAR++</i> , for multimodal map-centric SLAM. Having the advantages of a map-centric approach, our method exhibits new features to overcome the shortcomings of existing systems associated with multimodal (LiDAR-inertial-visual) sensor fusion and LiDAR motion distortion. This is accomplished through the use of a local continuous-time trajectory representation. Also, our surface resolution preserving matching algorithm and normal-inverse-Wishart-based surfel fusion model enables nonredundant yet dense mapping. Furthermore, we present a robust metric loop closure model to make the approach stable regardless of where the loop closure occurs. Finally, we demonstrate our approach through both simulation and real data experiments using multiple sensor payload configurations and environments to illustrate its utility and robustness.
Toward the detection of intraplaque hemorrhage in carotid artery lesions using photoacoustic imaging (2016)

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) may have the ability to reveal the composition and the anatomical structure of carotid plaques, which determines its mechanical properties and vulnerability. We used PAI and plane wave ultrasound (PUS) imaging to obtain three-dimensional (3-D) images of endarterectomy samples ex vivo and compared the results with histology to investigate the potential of PAI-based identification of intraplaque hemorrhage. Seven carotid plaque samples were obtained from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and imaged with a fully integrated hand-held photoacoustic (PA) probe, consisting of a pulsed diode laser ( t pulse = 130 ?? ns , E pulse = 1 ?? mJ , ? = 808 ?? nm ) and a linear array transducer ( f c = 7.5 ?? MHz ). The samples were rotated 360 deg with 10 deg steps, and data were spatially compounded to obtain complete 3-D images of the plaques. Areas of high absorption in the 3-D datasets were identified and compared to histological data of the plaques. Data in six out of seven endarterectomy samples revealed the presence of intraplaque hemorrhages that were not visible in the PUS images. Due to the noninvasive nature of PAI, this ex vivo study may elucidate preclinical studies toward the in vivo, noninvasive, vulnerability assessment of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque.
Cochlear Nerve Potentials Recorded from the Ear Canal in Man (1971)

Using average technique on an IBM 1800 computer a non-surgical, clinically applicable method of recording action potentials from the cochlea is described. We obtained the components N1, N3 and N3 in response to well-defined transient sounds, which were measured with a sound probe. Also, an electropositive response is described. In response to inverse sound stimulation, different response patterns were found. An H- and L-slope in the transfer function of amplitude could be confirmed but in addition we also found a knee point in the transfer function of latency. Simultaneous plotting of standard deviation curves for each recording could be used as an indicator of response and seems to indicate a rise in the non-syncronous nerve activity of the background noise. The findings are discussed.
Discrete-Time Current Regulator Design for AC Machine Drives (2010)

This paper analyzes the behavior of discrete-time current regulators for ac machines operating at high ratios of fundamental-to-sampling frequencies, a situation common for high-speed automotive drives and large-traction drives. At high ratios of fundamental-to-sampling frequencies, highly oscillatory, or unstable, response can occur if the current regulator design does not properly incorporate the effects of the discrete nature of the controller, including delays between the sampling of signals and the application of the voltage commands through pulse-width modulation (PWM). This paper investigates these issues for different design methods and current regulator topologies. As part of this investigation, a simple discrete-time domain ac machine model is developed that includes the delays associated with PWM. This model is then used to design a discrete-time domain version of the complex vector PI current regulator that demonstrates improved response compared with the other regulators studied. Simulation and experimental results are provided to compare the performance, stability, and robustness of the current regulators analyzed.
Development of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Neurones (2001)

Abstract This review concentrates on some of the recent discoveries and future questions relevant to the development of the neuroendocrine luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) cells. Neuroendocrine LHRH cells originate outside the central nervous system, in the nasal placode, and thereafter migrate into the forebrain during prenatal development. It is this population of LHRH cells that is responsible for reproductive function, becoming integral members of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis postnatally. Disruption of the development of this system results in reproductive dysfunction. Increasing our understanding of LHRH neuroendocrine cells establishes conditions where we can look with greater precision at the mechanisms controlling reproductive development, both activation and failure. In addition, the ability to manipulate the molecular and cellular biology of the LHRH system opens the route to understanding critical neurobiological issues such as phenotypic commitment, axonal path finding and mechanisms involved in neuronal migration. Each of the topics is discussed in turn and potential mechanisms controlling the development of the neuroendocrine LHRH system are indicated.
Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Angola (2000)

Between January and June 1999, 1,100 suspected cases of poliomyelitis were reported in Angola. Poliovirus types 3 and 1 were isolated. Patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years. Of the 588 patients whose vaccine status was known, 58 (9.9%) received >4 doses, 216 (36.7%) received 3 or 4 doses, 178 (30.3%) received 1 or 2 doses, and 136 (23.1%) had no history of vaccination. Civil conflict, economic decline, and crowded areas with scarce sanitation and poor water supply are the most important factors implicated in declining rates of routine vaccination, low population immunity, and intense wild poliovirus transmission. The socioeconomic situation and poor roads have created major difficulties for vaccination and surveillance. The Angolan outbreak has serious implications for the global eradication of poliomyelitis. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis remains essential in the assessment of strategies for eradication and interventions to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission.
Characteristics of speckle random pattern and its applications (1975)

Speckle patterns are produced by random interference when coherent lights scattered by a diffuse surface pass through an optical system, and their statistical properties are controlled with the change of the optical system. Using this property, a speckle random pattern with some desired statistical characteristics can be obtained, and applied to now optical techniques.
Increase in bone marrow lesions associated with cartilage loss: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of knee osteoarthritis (2006)

Lesions of the bone marrow are unlikely to resolve and often get larger over time. Compared with BMLs that stay the same, enlarging BMLs are strongly associated with more cartilage loss. Furthermore, any change in BML is mediated by limb alignment.
The characterization of permanent acoustic bonding agents (2008)

Permanent acoustic bonding agents are important for affixing transducers to acoustic materials. They are used for electronic, industrial, medical, and research applications. An important research aspect has been the characterization of permanent and nonpermanent bonding materials. The work reported here characterizes the transfer efficiency of selected permanent bonding agents in the frequency region from 200 MHz to 800 MHz using two fused quartz blocks with zinc oxide transducers formed at each end and the bond material sandwiched between the two blocks. The transfer efficiency is compared to an optical bond condition without the presence of the bond material. The permanent bonding materials studied were epoxy type compounds with the best exhibiting transfer efficiencies within a few dB of the optically bonded blocks.
Developments in the diagnosis and management of asthma (2013)

Abstract Despite receiving asthma therapy, many patients have poorly controlled symptoms and experience frequent exacerbations. Our Drug review focusses on key points and recent advances in the diagnosis and management of asthma, followed by a review of the prescription data and sources of further information.
New models for perceived voice quality prediction and their applications in playout buffer optimization for VoIP networks (2004)

Perceived voice quality is an important metric in VoIP applications. The quality is mainly affected by network impairments such as delay, jitter and packet loss. Playout buffer at the receiving side can be used to compensate for the effects of jitter based on a tradeoff between delay and loss. The main aim in this paper is to find an efficient perceived quality prediction method for perceptual optimization of playout buffer. The contributions of the paper are three-fold. First, we propose an efficient new method for predicting voice quality for buffer design/optimization. The method can also be used for voice quality monitoring and for QoS control. In the method, nonlinear regression models are derived for a variety of codecs (e.g. G.723.1/G.729/AMR/iLBC) with the aid of ITU PESQ and the E-model. Second, we propose the use of minimum overall impairment as a criterion for buffer optimization. This criterion is more efficient than using traditional maximum mean opinion score (MOS). Third, we show that the delay characteristics of voice over IP traffic is better characterized by a Weibull distribution than a Pareto or an exponential distribution. Based on the new voice quality prediction model, the Weibull delay distribution model and the minimum impairment criterion, we propose a perceptual optimization buffer algorithm. Preliminary results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve the optimum perceived voice quality compared with other algorithms under all network conditions considered.
Performance analysis of MIMO free-space optical systems in gamma-gamma fading (2009)

Atmospheric turbulence induced fading is one of the main impairments affecting free-space optics (FSO) communications. In recent years, Gamma-Gamma fading has become the dominant fading model for FSO links because of its excellent agreement with measurement data for a wide range of turbulence conditions. However, in contrast to RF communications, the analysis techniques for FSO are not well developed and prior work has mostly resorted to simulations and numerical integration for performance evaluation in Gamma-Gamma fading. In this paper, we express the pairwise error probabilities of single-input single- output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FSO systems with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) as generalized infinite power series with respect to the signal- to-noise ratio. For numerical evaluation these power series are truncated to a finite number of terms and an upper bound for the associated approximation error is provided. The resulting finite power series enables fast and accurate numerical evaluation of the bit error rate of IM/DD FSO with on-off keying and pulse position modulation in SISO and MIMO Gamma-Gamma fading channels. Furthermore, we extend the well-known RF concepts of diversity and combining gain to FSO and Gamma-Gamma fading. In particular, we provide simple closed-form expressions for the diversity gain and the combining gain of MIMO FSO with repetition coding across lasers at the transmitter and equal gain combining or maximal ratio combining at the receiver.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Based Catalysts in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols (2012)

Abstract Review: 158 refs.
Electronic structure of molecular van der Waals complexes with benzene: Implications for the contrast in scanning tunneling microscopy of molecular adsorbates on graphite (1997)

We investigate the electronic structure of molecular model systems in order to improve our understanding of the nature of the contrast, which is observed in the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging of organic adsorbates on graphite. The model systems consist of a benzene molecule, representing the substrate surface, interacting with various molecules representing alkyl chains, oxygen- and sulfur-containing groups, fluorinated species, and aromatic rings. We perform quantum-chemical calculations to determine the geometric structure, stability, and electronic structure of these molecular complexes and analyze the theoretical results in relation with experimental STM data obtained on monolayers physisorbed on graphite. It appears that the STM contrast can be correlated to the energy difference between the electronic levels of the substrate and those of the adsorbate. Finally, we observe that the introduction of a uniform electric field in the quantum-chemical modeling can enhance the electronic interaction between the partners in the complex.
Nuclear Lamins in Cell Regulation and Disease (2010)

The nuclear lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins that form meshworks at the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope and are also present throughout the nuclear interior. Through these meshwork structures, lamins regulate the shape, size, and mechanical properties of the nucleus. During the last 25 years, the Goldman laboratory has studied the organization and dynamic properties of the lamins in the nucleus. These studies have characterized the role of lamin phosphorylation in nuclear lamina assembly and disassembly during mitosis. Furthermore, our studies have demonstrated a role for the lamins in chromatin modification and epigenetics, transcription, and DNA replication. Recently, the discovery of numerous mutations in the gene encoding A-type lamins causing the collection of diseases known as laminopathies has provided new insights into the roles of lamins in cellular regulation and differentiation.