gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive measurement of pressure gradients using ultrasound (2013)

A non-invasive method for estimating 2-D pressure gradients from ultrasound vector velocity data is presented. The method relies on in-plane vector velocity elds acquired using the Transverse Oscillation method. The pressure gradients are estimated by applying the Navier-Stokes equations for isotropic uids to the estimated velocity elds. The velocity elds were measured for a steady ow on a carotid bifurcation phantom (Shelley Medical, Canada) with a 70% constriction on the internal branch. Scanning was performed with a BK8670 linear transducer (BK Medical, Denmark) connected to a BK Medical 2202 UltraView Pro Focus scanner. The results are validated through nite element simulations of the carotid ow model where the geometry is determined from MR images. This proof of concept study was conducted at nine ultrasound frames per second. Estimated pressure gradients along the longitudinal direction of the constriction varied from 0 kPa/m to 10 kPa/m with a normalized bias of -9.1% for the axial component and -7.9% for the lateral component. The relative standard deviation of the estimator, given in reference to the peak gradient, was 28.4% in the axial direction and 64.5% in the lateral direction. A study made across the constriction was also conducted. This yielded magnitudes from 0 kPa/m to 7 kPa/m with a normalized bias of -5.7% and 13.9% for the axial and lateral component, respectively. The relative standard deviations of this study were 45.2% and 83.2% in the axial and lateral direction, respectively.
Frequency and characterization of gastro–entero–pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients with high-grade of uptake at somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (2013)

Recent studies suggest that the somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) grade of uptake is a predictor of response to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). To identify and characterize patients with well-differentiated (WD) neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) displaying a high-grade uptake at SRS. Patients with WD-NEN, whose SRS films were available for review, were retrospectively included. SRS was reviewed by three independent readers and classified into four subgroups based on a modified Krenning's scale (mKS): no uptake (group-0), homogeneous grade 1-2 uptake (group-1), homogeneous grade 3-4 (group-2), and heterogeneous grade 1-4 (group-3). A simplified scale (sS) of SRS was also used to look for characteristics of patients with high-grade uptake. One hundred and six WD-NEN patients were enrolled. Group-0, group-1, group-2, and group-3 were found in 17, 8, 33, and 42% of cases respectively. High-grade uptake at sS (75% of cases) was correlated with older age, functioning NEN, high chromogranin-A level, and grade 1 (G1) NEN based on mitotic count. Based on the mKS or sS scales, no difference on survival was found. Thirty-three to seventy-five percent of metastatic NEN patients can be considered candidates for PRRT based on homogeneous or heterogeneous high-grade uptake. Functioning G1 NEN patients could be the best candidates for PRRT. Randomized trials are expected to confirm this result.
ChemInform Abstract: THE GROWTH OF ANODIC ALUMINIUM OXIDE LAYERS AFTER A HEAT‐TREATMENT (1975)

Abstract A1 wird in einer Lösung von Ammoniumpentaborat in Äthylenglykol bei einer Stromdichte von 0,25 mA/cm 2 und Spannungen zwischen 9,8 und 183 Vanodisiert.
Complex Reconfiguration of DNA Nanostructures (2014)

Abstract Nucleic acids have been used to create diverse synthetic structural and dynamic systems. Toehold‐mediated strand displacement has enabled the construction of sophisticated circuits, motors, and molecular computers. Yet it remains challenging to demonstrate complex structural reconfiguration in which a structure changes from a starting shape to another arbitrarily prescribed shape. To address this challenge, we have developed a general structural‐reconfiguration method that utilizes the modularly interconnected architecture of single‐stranded DNA tile and brick structures. The removal of one component strand reveals a newly exposed toehold on a neighboring strand, thus enabling us to remove regions of connected component strands without the need to modify the strands with predesigned external toeholds. By using this method, we reconfigured a two‐dimensional rectangular DNA canvas into diverse prescribed shapes. We also used this method to reconfigure a three‐dimensional DNA cuboid.
Solar photovoltaic reflective trough collection structure (2023)

A photovoltaic (PV) solar concentration structure having at least two troughs encapsulated in a rectangular parallelepiped optical plastic structure, with the troughs filled with an optical plastic material, the troughs each having a reflective internal surface and approximately parabolic geometry, and the troughs each including photovoltaic cells situated so that light impinging on the optical plastic material will be concentrated onto the photovoltaic cells. Multiple structures can be connected to provide a solar photovoltaic collection system that provides portable, efficient, low-cost electrical power.
Ultrasonic Velocity of Molten ZnCl<SUB>2</SUB>-MCl (M=Li, Na, K, Cs) Binary Systems (1980)

Ultrasonic velocities of molten ZnCl2-MCl (M=Li, Na, K, Cs) binary systems have been measured with a U.S. spectrometer by the double-transducer menthod over the frequency range of 5 to 55 MHz.The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) Ultrasonic velocities of molten ZnCl2-MCl binary systems decrease linearly with increasing temperature except the samples of pure ZnCl2 and 6.6 mol%KCl. The dispersion of ultrasonic velocity is observed for the pure molten ZnCl2 below about 730 K, and above this temperature ultrasonic velocity decreases linearly with increasing temperature.(2) Thermodynamic quantities such as adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities, heat capacity at constant volume and internal pressure were calculated from the measured velocity data, and their composition dependences were obtained.(3) Since the internal pressure indicates the magnitude of cohesive force in the liquid, it can be used as a measure in determing the types of liquid constituents. The fact that the internal pressure of pure molten ZnCl2 is nearly equal to those of organic liquids obviously indicates the existence of polymer or complex ions in the melt.(4) Composition dependence of the total structure factor at long wave length limit was determined over the entire composition range. On the basis of the present and previous results, the liquid structures of these binary systems are discussed.
Mobile Wireless Network Infrastructure on Demand (2020)

In this work, we introduce Mobile Wireless Infrastructure on Demand: a framework for providing wireless connectivity to multi-robot teams via autonomously reconfiguring ad-hoc networks. In many cases, previous multi-agent systems either assumed the availability of existing communication infrastructure or were required to create a network in addition to completing their objective. Instead our system explicitly assumes the responsibility of creating and sustaining a wireless network capable of satisfying end-to-end communication requirements of a team of agents, called the task team, performing an arbitrary objective. To accomplish this goal, we propose a joint optimization framework that alternates between finding optimal network routes to support data flows between the task agents and improving the performance of the network by repositioning a collection of mobile relay nodes referred to as the network team. We demonstrate our approach with simulations and experiments wherein wireless connectivity is provided to patrolling task agents.
Nuclear spin-orientation dependence of magnetoconductance: a new method for measuring the spin of charged excitations in the quantum Hall effect (1999)

A new method for measuring the spin of the electrically charged ground-state excitations in the quantum Hall effect is proposed and demonstrated for the first time for GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum wells. The method is based on the nuclear spin-orientation dependence of the two-dimensional direct-current conductivity in the quantum Hall regime due to the nuclear hyperfine interaction. We use this method to determine the spin of the electrically charged excitations of the ground state at filling factor = 1.
[Effects of pentoxifylline on hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats induced by fat-rich diet]. (2006)

PTX could influence NF-kappaB signaling pathway and IRS expression in livers of NASH rats, which might be involved in the improvement of hepatic insulin resistance.
Carbon-13 solid-state NMR study of the interfacial region in glass-filled polyamide 6 composites (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 solid-state NMR study of the interfacial region in glass-filled polyamide 6 compositesT. P. Huijgen, H. Angad Gaur, T. L. Weeding, L. W. Jenneskens, H. E. C. Schuurs, W. G. B. Huysmans, and W. S. VeemanCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 12, 3063–3068Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00214a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00214a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[IC‐P‐204]: SUBJECT‐LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TAU‐PET, AMYLOID‐PET, MRI AND FDG‐PET ACROSS THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE (2017)

Neuroimaging modalities can measure different aspects of the disease process in Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as atrophy on MRI, as well as hypometabolism and the presence of tau and beta-amyloid proteins in the brain on PET, providing the opportunity to assess inter-relationships between these disease biomarkers. We aimed to assess subject-level correlations in the regional cortical distribution of tau-PET uptake, amyloid-PET uptake, MRI atrophy and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) hypometabolism across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including atypical and typical clinical presentations. Eighty-three amyloid-positive subjects with atypical (n=24) or typical (n=24 young-AD, n=35 old-AD) presentations of AD were identified that had undergone [18F]AV-1451 tau-PET, Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET, FDG-PET and volumetric MRI. Regional measurements of the degree of grey matter atrophy, hypometabolism, tau and amyloid burden were calculated for 76 cortical regions using both a Z score and SUVR approach. Spearman correlations were performed between modalities for each subject for each approach, and the strength of the correlations were assessed across disease group. We observed some consistent trends in the data regardless of disease group or analysis approach. Both the regional distribution of FDG-PET hypometabolism and MRI atrophy correlated more strongly with regional tau-PET than PiB-PET uptake, with greater tau-PET uptake observed in regions with reduced metabolism and volume. Furthermore, tau-PET uptake correlated more strongly with both FDG-PET and MRI compared with PiB-PET. A similar degree of correlation was identified between MRI atrophy and both tau-PET uptake and FDG-PET hypometabolism; although these correlations tended to be lower in the old-AD group compared to the atypical AD and young-AD group. The regional distribution of tau deposition measured on PET correlates most closely with regional patterns of hypometabolism and atrophy in AD, with little relationship observed between these disease biomarkers and the distribution of beta-amyloid. These results shed light on the underlying relationships between proteins and neurodegeneration in AD.
Molecular/ Genetic/ Protein Characterizing of Bladder Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells (2019)

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) assays are a promising noninvasive way to interrogate the status of disease in bladder cancer. Since the molecular signature of cancer cells may dictate their susceptibility to targeted or immunotherapy, the full value of CTC assays may be in such subsequent characterization. These secondary features may help increasingly guide future clinical management of bladder cancer. Objective: This review aims to survey advances in the secondary molecular characterization of CTCs in bladder cancer. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed articles published between January 1990 to February 2019 was conducted to identify bladder CTCs studies that included protein, gene expression, or molecular characterization data. Results: Three original articles were identified. These articles assessed either PD-L1, HER2, or STn. Conclusions: Our systematic review reveals a relative paucity of studies that undertake molecular or genetic characterization of CTCs in bladder cancer. Studies of that identify prognostic markers in bladder cancer will become increasingly useful as targeted and immunotherapy become integrated into the management of bladder cancer.
What's new in artificial lift (1986)

This is an interesting field because it is the area of the oil industry where devices incorporating new mechanical and electrical design are often very visible and widely used. Also, there seems to be a continuing supply of new concepts involving improved lift methods. This will probably continue even with a current industry downturn because progressive operators will still be interested in lower costs of operation and equipment that can help accomplish this goal. However, it is difficult to present a development emerging as a new product when one may not be aware of competing products with similar features from other sources. This article contains some recent innovations considered significant: Unique pumping units, including portable, slant hole, hydraulically powered with air balance and long stroke varieties; New beam pump equipment, including controllers and gas engines; Downhole hydraulic pumps; Jet hydraulic pumps; Vertical centrifugal power fluid pumps; Electric submersible pumps; Plunger lift equipment.
Tampering Detection and Localization Through Clustering of Camera-Based CNN Features (2017)

Due to the rapid proliferation of image capturing devices and user-friendly editing software suites, image manipulation is at everyone's hand. For this reason, the forensic community has developed a series of techniques to determine image authenticity. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for image tampering detection and localization, leveraging characteristic footprints left on images by different camera models. The rationale behind our algorithm is that all pixels of pristine images should be detected as being shot with a single device. Conversely, if a picture is obtained through image composition, traces of multiple devices can be detected. The proposed algorithm exploits a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract characteristic camera model features from image patches. These features are then analyzed by means of iterative clustering techniques in order to detect whether an image has been forged, and localize the alien region.
Tailoring the Solid-State Fluorescence of BODIPY by Supramolecular Assembly with Polyoxometalates (2021)

A cationic boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative (<b>1</b><sup><b>+</b></sup>) has been successfully combined with two polyoxometalates (POMs), the Lindqvist-type [W<sub>6</sub>O<sub>19</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> and the β-[Mo<sub>8</sub>O<sub>26</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> units, into three new supramolecular fluorescent materials <b>(1)</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>[W</b><sub><b>6</b></sub><b>O</b><sub><b>19</b></sub><b>]·2CH</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>CN</b>, <b>(1)</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>[W</b><sub><b>6</b></sub><b>O</b><sub><b>19</b></sub><b>]</b>, and <b>(1)</b><sub><b>4</b></sub><b>[Mo</b><sub><b>8</b></sub><b>O</b><sub><b>26</b></sub><b>]·DMF·H</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>O</b>. The resulting hybrid compounds have been fully characterized by a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and UV-vis spectroscopies, and photoluminescence analyses. This self-assembly approach prevents any π-π stacking interactions not only between the BODIPY units, responsible for aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects, but also between the BODIPY and the POMs, avoiding intermolecular charge-transfer effects. Noticeably, the POM units do not only act as bulky spacers, but their negative charge density drives the molecular arrangement of the <b>1</b><sup><b>+</b></sup> luminophore, strongly modifying its fluorescence in the solid state. As a consequence, the <b>1</b><sup><b>+</b></sup> cations are organized into dimers in <b>(1)</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>[W</b><sub><b>6</b></sub><b>O</b><sub><b>19</b></sub><b>]·2CH</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>CN</b> and <b>(1)</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>[W</b><sub><b>6</b></sub><b>O</b><sub><b>19</b></sub><b>]</b>, which are weakly emissive at room temperature, and in a more compact layered assembly in <b>(1)</b><sub><b>4</b></sub><b>[Mo</b><sub><b>8</b></sub><b>O</b><sub><b>26</b></sub><b>]·DMF·H</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>O</b>, which exhibits a red-shifted and intense emission upon similar photoexcitation.
Design and Manufacture of a Near 3 T High Field Permanent Magnet Assembly (2011)

This paper introduces a design methodology for a multi-tesla permanent magnet. Normally the permanent magnet is designed to provide the magnetic fields below 2 T. By employing high performance materials and the 3D magnetic circuit design method, a prototype magnet has been built and generates maximum 2.987 T field strength in 0.008 m air gap with less than 20 kg total weight. It is expected a practical, compact and light-weight high field source for NMR, MRI or other instruments.
<title>Advances In Optical Fiber Sensors</title> (1981)

Over the past several years, a new non-communication optical fiber application has emerged. This application utilizes optical fibers for sensing. Initial interest centered around rate rotation sensing. Since that time, however, acoustic, magnetic, and temperature sensing utilizing optical fibers has evolved into a viable research effort with significant potential payoff. As an example, laboratory fiber optic acoustic sensors now rival the best sensitivity obtained with piezoelectric ceramics. These sensors possess a unique geometric versatility previously unavailable. In conjunction with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Navy has begun a Fiber Optic Sensor System (FOSS) program to develop associated technology necessary to realize these sensors. Substantial effort is ongoing at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and other Navy laboratories with considerable contractual effort from universities and industry. This paper reviews the status of the FOSS program.
Achievable Secrecy Rates over MIMOME Gaussian Channels with GMM Signals in Low-Noise Regime (2014)

We consider a wiretap multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (MIMOME) channel, where agent Alice aims at transmitting a secret message to agent Bob, while leaking no information on it to an eavesdropper agent Eve. We assume that Alice has more antennas than both Bob and Eve, and that she has only statistical knowledge of the channel towards Eve. We focus on the low-noise regime, and assess the secrecy rates that are achievable when the secret message determines the distribution of a multivariate Gaussian mixture model (GMM) from which a realization is generated and transmitted over the channel. In particular, we show that if Eve has fewer antennas than Bob, secret transmission is always possible at low-noise. Moreover, we show that in the low-noise limit the secrecy capacity of our scheme coincides with its unconstrained capacity, by providing a class of covariance matrices that allow to attain such limit without the need of wiretap coding.
PREPROCESSING AND SOCIETAL CONTROL: NEGLECTED COMPONENT OF SOCIOCYBERNETICS (1984)

Recent doubts about whether social systems can be controlled in a cybernetic sense depend upon a view of cybernetics that overemphasizes communication, information processing and feedback at the expense of what computer scientists call preprocessing: the conscious selection and structuring of information to facilitate its processing. Much as rationalization was a complement to bureaucratic control in Max Weber's time, the preprocessing of information, prior to its processing by computer, serves societal control today. Indeed, phenomena like rationalization and symbolization can be viewed as forms of preprocessing; they facilitate the crucial control function of self‐referencing. US census data show a monotonic increase in the percentage of the work force engaged in preprocessing relative to the other informational activities: synthesizing, programming and processing.
Laser-Needle Therapy for Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee (2008)

The present case report provides the first indication that laser-needle therapy may be a promising tool for complementary and alternative therapeutic intervention for those with SONK.
Learning from text and images: generative and discriminative models for partially labeled data (2009)

Image annotation is a challenging task of assigning keywords to an image given the content of an image. It has a variety of applications in multi-media data-mining and computer vision. Traditional machine learning approaches to image annotation require large amounts of labeled data. This requirement is often unrealistic, as obtaining labeled data is, in general, expensive and time consuming. However, large amounts of weakly labeled data and tagged images is readily available, in particular in the web and social network communities. In this thesis we address the problem of image annotation using weak supervision. In particular, we formulate the problem of image annotation as multiple instance multiple label learning problem and propose generative and discriminative models to tackle this learning problem. Multiple instance multiple label learning is a generalization of supervised learning in which the training examples are bags of instances and each bag is labeled with a set of labels. We explore two learning frameworks: generative and discriminative, and propose models within each framework to address the problem of assigning text keywords to images. The first approach, the generative model attempts to describe the process according to which the data was generated, and then learn its parameters from the data. This model is a non-parametric generalization of the known mixture model used in the past. We extend this model to a Hierarchical Dirichlet Process which allows for countably infinite mixture components. Our experimental evaluation shows that the performance of this model does not depend on the number of mixture components, unlike the standard mixture model which suffers from over-fitting for a large number of mixture components. The second approach is a discriminative model, which unlike generative model answers the following question: given the input bag of instances what is the most likely assignment of