gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical approaches to the combination chemotherapy of colon cancer (2006)

The employment of biochemical concepts to select drugs for use in the treatment of colorectal cancer is advocated. It is stressed that new drug mixtures, even those employing agents inactive alone, with unique mechanisms of action may be fashioned through biochemical design. Following delineation of activity in animal model systems, these drug combinations then become candidates for use in man. It is emphasized that 6-thioguanine is a particularly attractive agent for consideration as a component of new combinations of drugs to be used in patients with cancer. The desirability of this agent derives from (a) the known, albeit weak, activity of 6-thioguanine against colorectal neoplasms of man, thereby providing some inherent activity to be joined by additional materials; (b) a knowledge of several major biochemical and pharmacologic determinants of tissue susceptibility to its cytotoxic action, possibly allowing the ultimate selection of patients with a high probability of response; and (c) the availability of four different agents or classes of agents which synergistically interact with 6-thioguanine to inhibit the growth of malignant cells by diverse biochemical mechanisms.
Abstract 3886: Therapeutic potential of CDK inhibitors in MLL leukemias (2010)

Abstract Chromosomal rearrangements involving the human mixed - lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene at 11q23, are associated with the development of acute leukemias. Abnormalities in the MLL gene can be detected in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) as well as in therapy-related AML, particularly after treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Some malignancies, such as infant ALL, are characterised by exceedingly high incidence (∼80%) of MLL gene rearrangements, which is a strong predictor of an adverse outcome. Current therapies fail in &amp;gt;50% of the infant MLL cases, indicating that innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve prognosis. Re-arranged MLL interacts with the transcription complex including CDK9. The association of CDK9 results in an increase in RNApol II phosphorylation and hence overexpression of HoxA9 and Meis1, which are normally down regulated during haematopoietic differentiation, resulting in immortalisation and transformation. These suggest a key role of CDK9 activity in this transformation process and the potential of CDK9 inhibitors to stop the uncontrolled myeloblast proliferation. Additionally, the expression of MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic member of BCL-2 family, was shown to increase in infant MLL samples, which correlated with prednisone resistance and poor prognosis. Importantly, MCL-1 also plays an important role in the development of B and T lymphocytes as well as in the survival of haematopoietic stem cell. Therefore, targeting MCL-1 in infant MLL cells may also induce leukemic cell death of the CD34+CD19- chemoresistant leukemic stem cell. The ability of CDK inhibitors, such as seliciclib, flavopiridol, SNS-032, to down regulate MCL-1 and induce apoptosis in B-CLL and MM cells is well recorded. We studied the effect of a purine CDK inhibitor, Cmpd 5, on MLL cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Cmpd 5 is a structural analogue of seliciclib and a potent and selective inhibitor of CDKs 2, 5, and 9. AML cell lines with MLL re-arrangements were exquisitely sensitive to Cmpd 5. Treatment for 5 hours at concentrations &amp;lt;0.5 μM was sufficient to inhibit completely the proliferation of the most sensitive cell lines. The mode of action corresponded to the target inhibition and included rapid induction of apoptosis. Higher concentration and longer treatment were required to achieve similar effect in a WT MLL cell line. The high sensitivity of MLL/AML cell lines was confirmed in vivo. A very potent (97% TGI) and durable effect was observed in a mouse xenograft model after oral administration of Cmpd 5. Our results suggest that MLL rearranged leukemias are very sensitive toward CDK inhibitors, which down regulate transcription, and justifies further exploration of their therapeutic potential for MLL haematological malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3886.
Thin film and high-etch-rate type 248-nm bottom antireflective coatings (2004)

A frequent problem encountered by photoresists during the manufacturing of semiconductor device is that activating radiation is reflected back into the photoresist by the substrate. So, it is necessary that the light reflection is reduced from the substrate. One approach to reduce the light reflection is the use of bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) applied to the substrate beneath the photoresist layer. The BARC technology has been utilized for a few years to minimize the reflectivity. As the chip size is reduced to sub 0.13 micron, the photoresist thickness has to decrease with the aspect ratio being less than 3.0. Therefore, new Organic BARC is strongly required which has the minimum reflectivity with thinner BARC thickness and higher etch selectivity toward resists. Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. and Brewer Science, Inc. have developed the advanced Organic BARC for achieving the above purpose. As a result, the suitable high performance NCA3000 series 248nm Organic BARCs were developed. Using CF4 gas as etchant, the plasma etch rate of NCA3000 series is about 1.4-1.6 times higher than that of conventional 248nm resists and 1.1-1.2 times higher than that of the existing product. The NCA3000 series can minimize the substrate reflectivity at below 45nm BARC thickness, shows excellent litho performance and coating properties.
A New Method For Water Shut-off In High Permeability Channels (1998)

Abstract High water-cut in the produced fluids is one of the major problems facing the petroleum industry. We have developed the concept of using swelling clays for water shut-off in high permeability channels such as fractures and wormholes. In this process, swelling clays are mixed into aqueous solutions and the clay slurry is injected into high permeability channels. When contacted by formation water, the clay slurry will gel and block the fluid flow. Critical to this concept is a cation exchange process. The water composition used to make the clay slurry is controlled such that the smectite clay will not swell during mixing. This ensures that the clay slurry can flow and be pumped before entering reservoirs. Once in the reservoirs, the formation water will trigger a spontaneous cation exchange process. This will turn the clay slurry into a clay gel and subsequently block fluid flow. Systematic laboratory experiments were conducted to test this process. With a small amount of inorganic additive, a clay slurry with up to 40 wt% clays can be made to flow. Rheological properties of this clay slurry indicated that it could be easily injected into fractures and wormholes. After the cation exchange, the resulting clay gel can resist a pressure drawdown of 100–500 kPa/m in a fracture with an opening of 1 cm, and 60–300 kPa/m in a wormhole with a diameter of 5 cm. This gel strength should be sufficient for most field applications. The feasibility of using clay gel for water shut off was further demonstrated by a series of two-dimensional visualization experiments. The clay gel system is very economical and has good chemical and thermal stability. The limitations of this system are 1.) the salinity of the formation water has to be low (&amp;lt; 5 wt%), and 2.) the system is only applicable for blocking fractures and wormholes. A patent application for this process has been filed in both the USA and Canada. Field evaluation is underway. Introduction High water-cut in produced fluids is a common problem in the petroleum industry around the world. In Alberta alone, 460 million cubic meters of water were produced in 19961. This is about 6 cubic meters of water for every cubic meter of oil produced. In US, water cut is more than 8 times oil cut in produced fluids2. In heavy oil production, the problem of watering out is more serious because the mobility ratio (of water to oil) is higher and water breakthrough is easier. Polymer gels have been used for water shut-off and conformance control in the field. For permeability modification and water shut-off in naturally fractured reservoirs, polymer gels have achieved a considerable amount of success3,4. However, polymer gels formulated for permeability modification (e.g. MARCIT) may not have sufficient strength to block big fractures and "wormholes" found in heavy oil reservoirs. The polymer gels formulated for total zone isolation (e.g. MARA-SEAL) have sufficient mechanical strength but may invade deeply into the pay zone. The polymer invading the pay zone will not only be wasted but will also plug off the pay zone.
Neuronal Signaling through Alternative Splicing: Some Exons CaRRE... (2001)

Alternative splicing represents a mechanism by which a single gene can be used to create proteins with different functions. Neurons use alternative splicing to produce channels with different sequences and biophysical or regulatory properties. O'Donovan and Darnell discuss a mechanism by which neurons can alter channel splicing in response to neuronal activity through a signal generated by calcium and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase activity.
High-bay Lighting Energy Conservation Measures (2010)

This software requires inputs of simple low-bay lighting system inventory information and calculates the energy and cost benefits of various retrofit opportunities. This tool includes energy conservation measures for: Low-wattage T8 lighting retrofit, T12 to T8 lighting retrofit, LED Exit signs retrofit, Occupancy sensors, Screw-in lighting retrofit, and central lighting controls. This tool calculates energy savings, demand reduction, cooling load reduction, heating load increases, cost savings, building life cycle costs including: Simple payback, discounted payback, net-present value, and savings to investment ratio. In addition this tool also displays the environmental benefits of a project.
Evaluation of the Flexibility of Protective Gloves (2008)

Two mechanical methods have been developed for the characterization of the flexibility of protective gloves, a key factor affecting their degree of usefulness for workers. The principle of the first method is similar to the ASTM D 4032 standard relative to fabric stiffness and simulates the deformations encountered by gloves that are not tight fitted to the hand. The second method characterizes the flexibility of gloves that are worn tight fitted. Its validity was theoretically verified for elastomer materials. Both methods should prove themselves as valuable tools for protective glove manufacturers, allowing for the characterization of their existing products in terms of flexibility and the development of new ones better fitting workers' needs.
[The study of natural head posture in edentulous patients before and after oral rehabilitation]. (2003)

The shift of NHP after denture inserting does exist. The shifted NHP of the patients with dentures is a new balanced posture and closer to the normal position than the NHP of them without dentures.
Electrochemical Membrane Separation (EMS) of Hydrogen Sulfide from Coal Gasification Streams (2002)

The goal of this work is to prepare an electrolytic cell for scale-up that is capable of removing H2S continuously. The major hurdles that remain are cathode selection and optimizing cell design and operating conditions. Studies have focused upon determining critical cell parameters for process scale-up as well as finding more stable and catalytically active cathode materials.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ACADEMIC SUPPORT SCALE (PERSIAN VERSION) (2011)

Introduction Social support is a protective factor for health status and level of performance. Indeed, the higher support related to the lower emotional, mental and physical problems. Parent and peer are two important sources for child and adolescent. In an academic situation, the teacher is another source of support. Academic support is an indicator for social support in academic situations. Mother, father, peer, and teacher are sources of academic support in the situation. A child who receives academic support will be better in academic performance. To assess the academic support, many instruments were developed. Academic Support Scale is aimed to assess academic support that a child may get from father, mother, peer, and teacher (four important sources of academic support). This scale was developed by Sands and Plunkett (2005).The purpose of the study was to check the psychometric properties of the academic support scale.
Reactionen mit Isocyaniden. Synthese von Dispiro‐1,3‐dioxolanen (1980)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese von Dispiro‐1,3‐dioxolanen, erhalten aus 2,3,4‐Trioxochinolinen und aromatischen Isocyaniden, beschrieben. Die Verbindungen 3a ‐ e entstehen durch Cyclisierung der dipolaren Primäraddukte 2a ‐ e mit einem weiteren Molekül Trioxochinolin. Die Strukturaufklärung erfolgt auf Grund von IR‐ und MS‐Daten sowie einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 3a .
Resistin: A journey from metabolism to cancer (2021)

Resistin, a small secretory molecule, has been implicated to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance under obese condition. For the past few decades, it has been linked to various cellular and metabolic functions. It has been associated with diseases like metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Numerous clinical studies have indicated an increased serum resistin level in pathological disorders which have been reported to increase mortality rate in comparison to low resistin expressing subjects. Various molecular studies suggest resistin plays a pivotal role in proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation as well as in regulating metabolism in cancer cells. Therefore, understanding the role of resistin and elucidating its' associated molecular mechanism will give a better insight into the management of these disorders. In this article, we summarize the diverse roles of resistin in pathological disorders based on the available literature, clinicopathological data, and a compiled study from various databases. The article mainly provides comprehensive information of its role as a target in different treatment modalities in pre as well as post-clinical studies.
Tailoring of porous texture of hemp stem-based activated carbon produced by phosphoric acid activation in steam atmosphere (2014)

A series of activated carbons (ACs) were produced by chemical activation of hemp stem with phosphoric acid in nitrogen and steam atmospheres. The potential of hemp-derived waste for the manufacture of porous carbons with a wide spectrum of porosity, ranging from microporous to mesoporous, has been demonstrated. The influence of the variables, such as the H3PO4/hemp stem impregnation ratio, the soaking time and the gaseous atmosphere, on the porosity development was studied. Depending on the processing conditions, the H3PO4 activation produces ACs with a wide range of textural parameters, reaching surface areas >2,500 m2/g, micropore pore volumes up to 0.89 cm3/g and mesopore volumes up to 1.80 cm3/g. The amount of H3PO4 used in the impregnation step affects the porous texture of the resultant ACs to a greater extent than the soaking time. At low and medium impregnation ratios, a steam atmosphere favors the formation of mesopores during H3PO4 activation.
Dys-regulation of peripheral transcript levels of ecto-5’-nucleotidase in multiple sclerosis patients (2019)

CD73, also entitled as ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E), is an ecto-nucleotidase that contributes in the breakage of extracellular ATP to adenosine and the preservation of immune balance. In spite of acknowledged role for immune response imbalance in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), data regarding NT5E expression in MS patients are scarce. In the current study, we assessed expression of NT5E in peripheral blood of MS patients and healthy subjects to unravel its role in the pathogenesis of MS. Results of Multilevel Bayesian model showed no significant difference in NT5E expression between total MS patients and healthy subjects. However, its expression was significantly lower in male MS patients compared with male controls (P= 0.031, 95% credible intervals: [-6.93, -0.56]). No significant correlation was found between expression of NT5E and age in any study subgroups. Remarkably, NT5E transcript levels had 92.31% sensitivity and 80% specificity in diagnosis of MS disease. The diagnostic power of NT5E transcripts was 86.2% based on AUC values. Consequently, the current study indicates the role of NT5E in the pathogenesis of MS disease in male subjects. Moreover, expression level of this gene might be used as a putative marker especially in male MS patients.
Low-temperature-operative Hydrogen Gas Sensor Employing 10 wt % Pt/Ce0.68Zr0.17Sn0.15O2.0 Catalyst (2015)

Abstract A novel catalytic combustion-type hydrogen gas sensor that could operate at low temperatures was devised by employing a Pt-loaded cerium oxide–zirconium oxide–tin oxide solid solution as the hydrogen oxidizing catalyst. Since the present catalyst showed high oxidizing activity toward hydrogen even at 40 °C, stable and quantitative H2 detection was achieved at as low as 40 °C with high selectivity.
Immunotherapy of Cancer (2017)

Current cancer treatment for many solid tumors comprises surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. A fourth modality – immunotherapy – has been explored over the past century beginning with Coley's experiments with mixed bacterial vaccines in sarcoma patients. Although initially considered unconventional – immunotherapy has become a standard option for therapy of multiple solid tumors, and an expanding focus of research interest. Clinically relevant applications of immunotherapy require an understanding of tumor immunogenicity and the role of the immune system in cancer. In this chapter, we review tumor immunogenicity and the role of the immune system in relation to several cancers where immunotherapy has been most promising. We describe approaches taken towards developing more effective immunotherapies and the evolution from nonspecific immunostimulants and cytokines, to augmentation of T-cell cosignaling, adoptive cellular therapy, and active immunization. We conclude by discussing the gamut of immunotherapeutic options currently approved for clinical application in human cancer, and the larger spectrum of agents that are reaching late-phase trials.
WNK3‐SPAK/OSR1‐NKCC1 Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Brain Injury (2015)

Ischemia-mediated activation of Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) leads to Na+ overload, cytotoxic edema, and cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not understood. Here we investigated the role of WNK (with no lysine = K)-SPAK/OSR1 kinase signaling pathway in regulating the function of NKCC1 in cerebral ischemia. We show that genetic deletion of WNK3, a WNK family member highly expressed in brain, or siRNA-mediated knockdown of SPAK or OSR1, protects against ischemic neuroglial death triggered by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Using phospho specific antibodies, we detected robust up regulation of p-NKCC1 as well as p-SPAK/p-OSR1expression in peri-infarct cortex, striatum and corpus callosum in wild type mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. In WNK3 knockout mice, ischemia-induced hyper-phosphorylations of both the SPAK/OSR1 catalytic T-loop and NKCC1 are abolished, infarct volume and axonal demyelination are reduced, and neurobehavioral recovery is accelerated. These data provide fresh insight into the roles of ion transporters and their regulatory kinases in ischemic neuroglial injury, and identify the WNK3-SPAK/OSR1 kinase complex as a compelling target for novel neuroprotective strategies following stroke. Support: NIH R01NS38118
Research on High Sensitivity Optical Fiber Interference Sensing Due to Slow Light (2009)

Slow light technology has been greatly developed in the last decade. Many mechanisms have been used to slow down the velocity of light, and its potential applications have been continuously researched. In this paper a novel high spectral sensitivity optical fiber interferometer with slow-light medium is proposed, and it is applied to enhance the wavelength detection sensitivity of fiber brag grating (FBG), accordingly the sensitivity of FBG would be enhanced greatly. Finally, position sensitive detector (PSD) is used to demodulate the interference fringes of the optical fiber interferometer.
Photogeneration of atomic hydrogen in rare gas matrices (1999)

Photodissociation of HCl and HBr upon excitation on their repulsive A 1Π states is studied in low-temperature Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices at photon energies of 5.0 and 6.4 eV. The dissociation is followed by fluorescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. In Ar matrix dissociation can be considered as a local event with simple first-order kinetics and 100% conversion efficiency of the precursor into isolated hydrogen atoms. In Kr matrix the conversion efficiency varies from 18% in 1:500 matrix to 100% in 1:8000 matrix. In Xe matrix the obtained H atom number density is extremely low and prevents detailed analysis of the photogeneration dynamics. The observed behavior is ascribed to long-range dissociation followed by efficient bimolecular reactive loss channels, and thus supports the previous findings by LaBrake, Ryan, and Weitz [J. Chem. Phys. 102, 4112 (1995)]. Molecular dynamics simulations based on a simplified model for dissociation are carried out. The initial 2.6 eV excess kinetic energy of the excited H atom is relaxed as local heating in Ar matrix, whereas in Kr and Xe matrices the excess energy is directed to long-range mobility with flight distances up to 40 Å.
Polyphosphate affects cytoplasmic and chromosomal dynamics in nitrogen-starved Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2021)

Polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis is a ubiquitous stress and starvation response in bacteria. In diverse species, mutants unable to make polyP have a wide variety of physiological defects, but the mechanisms by which this simple polyanion exerts its effects remain unclear. One possibility is that polyP’s many functions stem from global effects on the biophysical properties of the cell. We characterize the effect of polyphosphate on cytoplasmic mobility under nitrogen-starvation conditions in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Using fluorescence microscopy and particle tracking, we characterize the motion of chromosomal loci and free tracer particles in the cytoplasm. In the absence of polyP and upon starvation, we observe an increase in mobility both for chromosomal loci and for tracer particles. Tracer particles reveal that polyP also modulates the partitioning between a ‘more mobile’ and a ‘less mobile’ population: small particles in cells unable to make polyP are more likely to be ‘mobile’ and explore more of the cytoplasm, particularly during starvation. We speculate that this larger freedom of motion may be a consequence of nucleoid decompaction, which we also observe in starved cells deficient in polyP. Our observations suggest that polyP limits cytoplasmic mobility and accessibility during nitrogen starvation, which may help to explain the pleiotropic phenotypes observed in the absence of polyP.
RB250 and RB251 antibodies recognize the human MitoNEET/CISD1 protein by ELISA (2018)

The recombinant antibodies RB250 and RB251 detect by ELISA the human MitoNEET/CISD1 fused to a GST protein.