gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Eplerenone on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in Primary Aldosteronism: Sequential Changes in the GFR During Preoperative Eplerenone Treatment to Subsequent Adrenalectomy (2018)

Objective Eplerenone (EPL) is a mineralo-corticoid receptor antagonist that is highly selective and has few side effects. This study was conducted to examine whether or not EPL treatment was able to reverse glomerular hyperfiltration, as an indicator of aldosterone renal action, in primary aldosteronism (PA) patients. Methods Changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔGFR) were examined in 102 PA patients with EPL treatment. Furthermore, the sequential ΔGFR in 40 patients initially treated with EPL followed by adrenalectomy was examined in order to evaluate the extent of the remaining glomerular hyperfiltration in the patients treated with EPL. Results EPL decreased the GFR at 1 month after treatment. The GFR at baseline was the sole significant predictor for the ΔGFR. Patients initially treated by EPL followed by adrenalectomy showed three different ΔGFR patterns during the treatment, despite having comparable doses of EPL and comparable control of blood pressure and serum potassium levels. The urinary aldosterone excretion was significantly different among these three groups, and the group with no decrease in the GFR after EPL treatment showed greater urinary aldosterone excretion. Glomerular hyperfiltration was completely restored only in 17.5% of our unilateral PA patients after EPL treatment. Conclusion The present study revealed that blockade of aldosterone action by EPL could, at least partially, reverse glomerular hyperfiltration in PA. Whether or not these differential effects on the GFR affect the long-term outcome needs to be investigated, especially in patients with unilateral PA who do not want adrenalectomy and choose the EPL treatment option.
New expression for the functional transformation of the vector Cram&#x00E9;r-Rao lower bound (2013)

Assume that it is desired to estimate α = f(θ), where f(·) is an r-dimensional function. This paper derives the general expression for the functional transformation of the vector Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The derived bound is a tight lower bound on the estimation of uncoupled parameters, i.e., parameters that can be estimated separately. Unlike previous results in the literature, this new expression is not dependent on the inverse of the Fisher's information matrix (FIM) of the untransformed parameters, θ. Thus, it can be applied to scenarios where the FIM for θ is ill-conditioned or singular. Finally, as an application, the derived transformation is applied to determine the exact CRLB for estimation of channel parameters in amplify-and-forward relaying networks.
Complications of hemochromatosis and iron overload (2010)

The liver is the major site of iron storage in the body, and iron overload can cause hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. (Table 5.1) In hereditary hemochromatosis, a pathologic expansion of body iron stores can occur due to excessive absorption of dietary iron (Chapters 2,8). The excess iron is preferentially deposited in parenchymal cells of the liver and other organs. When storage mechanisms are overwhelmed, iron in low-molecular weight forms can catalyze free radical reactions (Chapter 3). The resulting oxyradicals have the potential to damage cellular lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, resulting in wide-ranging impairment in hepatocyte function and integrity (Chapter 3). Damage can result in increased hepatic fibrogenesis, micronodular cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Important co-factors of iron-induced liver injury include chronic hepatitis C, excess alcohol consumption, and steatosis. Liver fibrogenesis shows a concordance with hepatic iron concentration and the duration of exposure to high iron levels. Phlebotomy therapy can reverse iron-induced hepatic fibrosis, but cirrhosis is less amenable to phlebotomy treatment.
Image-guided pleural biopsies: indications, technique, and results in 23 patients. (1988)

Twenty-six pleural biopsies were performed on 23 patients over a 3-year period. Twenty-three biopsies were performed guided with ultrasound; one, with computed tomography; and two, with fluoroscopy. Indications for an image-guided pleural biopsy were (a) pleural masses or thickening that were either not seen on chest radiographs or seen only on one view and (b) small or loculated pleural effusions of unknown cause with no mass seen. If only pleural fluid was present, reverse bevel needles were used for biopsy (n = 15). If a discrete pleural mass or thickening was seen with cross-sectional imaging, standard (16-20 gauge) biopsy needles were used (n = 11). In the 23 patients, biopsy results were true positive in ten (nine with malignancy, one with tuberculous pleurisy), true negative in ten (confirmed either at subsequent thoracotomy or clinical follow-up), and false negative in three. Complications were few, with a significant pneumothorax occurring in two patients (8.7%). Image-guided biopsy of small pleural lesions and small pleural effusions can be performed by the radiologist who understands the special needles and techniques involved.
Divergent sequence motifs correlated with the substrate specificity of (methyl)malonyl‐CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase domains in modular polyketide synthases (1995)

The amino acid sequences of a large number of polyketide synthase domains that catalyse the transacylation of either methylmalonyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA onto acyl carrier protein (ACP) have been compared. Regions were identified in which the acyltransferase sequences diverged according to whether they were specific for malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA. These differences are sufficiently clear to allow unambiguous assignment of newly-sequenced acyltransferase domains in modular polyketide synthases. Comparison with the recently-determined structure of the malonyltransferase from Escherichia coli fatty acid synthase showed that the divergent region thus identified lies near the acyltransferase active site, though not close enough to make direct contact with bound substrate.
Adsorption of Multiple H2 Molecules on Pd3 and Pd4 Clusters. A Density Functional Study (2000)

The reaction/adsorption of multiple H2 molecules on Pdn clusters with n = 3 and 4 were studied using the density functional theory. It has been shown that the activation of the first H2 molecule by Pd3 and Pd4 takes place without or with a small energetic barrier (based on ΔH (298.15 K)) and leads to the formation of Pd3(H)2 and Pd4(H)2 complexes, respectively, where the H−H bond is broken. For the Pd4(H)2 complex, various isomeric structures were found in the singlet and triplet states, among which the singlet Pd4_1_c_(e,e‘), with the two H ligands bridging the Pd−Pd edges not sharing the Pd atom, is found to be the most favorable. Unlike the first H2 addition reaction, dissociative adsorption of the second H2 molecule, reactions Pd3(H)2 + H2 → Pd3(H)4 and Pd4(H)2 + H2 → Pd4(H)4, appeared to be thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable. Instead, molecular adsorption of additional mH2 molecules onto the “naked” Pd centers of the Pd3(H)2 and Pd4(H)2 complexes was shown to be feasible, which is in good agreement with the experimental Pdn + D2 saturation studies. The thermodynamic stabilities of the resulting Pd3(H)2(H2)m (m = 1−3) and Pd4(H)2(H2)m (m = 1−4) species were discussed in terms of the ΔH and ΔG values estimated at T = 298.15 and 70 K.
Transgenic Targeting of a Dominant Negative Corepressor to Liver and Analyses by cDNA Microarray (2003)

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that play crucial roles in embryogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. TRs and RARs repress basal transcription in the absence of ligand and activate transcription upon ligand binding in positively-regulated target genes (, , ). TRs and RARs mediate basal repression through interactions with corepressors, such as nuclear receptor corepressor (NcoR) and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) (,). NCoR and SMRT are both 270 kDa proteins that have 43% amino acid homology (,). These corepressors have two nuclear hormone receptor interaction domains in the carboxy terminus and three transferable repression domains in the amino terminus (RD1, RD2, RD3) (,). RD1 and a region downstream of RD3 have been shown to recruit histone deacetylases (HDAC1 and HDAC2) through direct interaction with Sin3B (,-). The TR/corepressor/sin3/HDAC causes hypoacetylation of local histones, which then results in conformational changes in the nucleosome structure and decreases access of enhancers and components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the promoter region and transcriptional start site (-). In contrast to basal repression, histone acetylation plays an important role in transcription as p160 coactivators and associated cofactors are recruited by liganded TR, which then forms complexes that contain histone acetyltransferase activity (). These complexes may then exchange with other complexes that share components with the RNA pol II transcriptional initiation complex (,).
Effect of Nitrite Inhibitor on the Macrocell Corrosion Behavior of Reinforcing Steel (2015)

The effect of nitrite ions on the macrocell corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel embedded in cement mortar was investigated by comparing and analyzing the macrocell corrosion current, macrocell polarization ratios, and slopes of anodic and cathodic steels. Based on the experimental results, the relationship between macrocell potential difference and macrocell current density was analyzed, and the mechanism of macrocell corrosion affected by nitrite ions was proposed. The results indicated that nitrite ions had significant impact on the macrocell polarization ratios of cathode and anode. The presence of nitrite could reduce the macrocell current by decreasing the macrocell potential difference and increasing the macrocell polarization resistance of the anode.
Short range fingertip pointing interface using hand detection by depth camera (2018)

Computer mice and keyboards are most widely used to work with personal computers as pointing and typing devices respectively. As alternatives to a computer mouse, there are other types of pointing devices that use depth sensor or camera for pointing detection. However, current implementations are uncomfortable for usage because a user must raise his arm(s) to control pointing, as well as having a relatively long distance from the sensing device. To solve those usability problems, we propose a pointing device that can narrow the distance within which users can comfortably move their wrists between the keyboard and the pointing device itself. For this system, we compared between various depth sensors' performance and eventually chose the Intel Realsense sensor for our system's use. Additionally, we performed a comparative study involving our proposed system's performance and that of other conventional input devices. Although the total time to complete experimental tasks using our system was longer than by using other conventional input devices, our proposed system has the fastest time when switching between pointing and typing (i.e. moving hand from mouse to keyboard).
New clinical and biological insights from the international TARGIT-A randomised trial of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy during lumpectomy for breast cancer (2021)

ISRCTN34086741 (21/7/2004), NCT00983684 (24/9/2009).
A quality control program for the computed radiography images transmitted to the emergency departments image review-workstation (1997)

Computed radiography images are currently being processed by the use of the Agfa Diagnostic Centre (ADC) at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. The ADC makes use of a filmless cassette, which has a re- usable intensifying screen with photostimulable storage phosphors that retain a latent image. The 8-bit image is then transmitted via an ADC- IMPAX system to the Image Review Monitors in the Emergency Department. A Quality Control program has been established to monitor and detect the performance levels of the computed radiographic image information transmitted to the Emergency Departments remote review workstation. The goals of this exercise were to first identify problems and their frequency that would affect the quality of the information transmitted. Common errors that affected the quality of transmitted information were: entire and complete examinations not being transmitted, incorrect image orientation and the lack of side markers, duplicate images and the incorrect use of image processing algorithms. Once the problems are identified and addressed, the Quality Control program should identify any changes to the performance level in the quality of image information that is being transmitted to the Emergency Department. (author abstract)
In vitro tests that predict tumor-associated idiotype levels in the serum of patients with B cell lymphomas and leukemias (1987)

The presence of circulating tumor idiotype interferes with the in vivo effectiveness of anti-idiotype antibodies. We developed two assays that permit identification of patients with high levels of serum idiotype without the need for first producing an anti-idiotype antibody. A cell suspension made from the tumor was cultured for seven days with or without phytohemagglutin (PHA) and/or phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). Ig secretion in vitro by patients' tumor cells varied. In 4 patients, no secretion in vitro occurred, 5 patients had low levels, and 5 patients had high levels of Ig secretion. In three patients, Ig secretion occurred only after stimulation with PHA, PMA, or both. Spontaneous or induced immunoglobulin secretion in vitro is related to the levels of tumor idiotype secretion that exist in vivo. Eight patients with serum idiotype levels greater than 100 micrograms/mL (mean 265 micrograms/mL), had a minimum of 1.0 microgram/10(6) cells of idiotype secretion in vitro. Nine patients with serum idiotype levels less than 30 micrograms/mL (mean 3.7 micrograms/mL), had less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/10(6) cells of idiotype secretion in vitro. In another assay, the levels of IgM kappa and IgM lambda in patients' sera were compared with those in normal serum. An imbalance in the relative amounts of IgM kappa and IgM lambda indicated high levels of circulating idiotype in the serum, but this assay was less sensitive than the in vitro secretion assay and limited to IgM-secreting tumors. These assays will be useful for future clinical studies using anti-idiotype antibodies.
Java security: present and near future (1997)

This article introduces Java's existing security features and the way they contribute to its overall usability, simplicity, adequacy, and adaptability in the global computing arena. It also discusses JavaSoft's plans to make new features available as the technology evolves.
Delivery and actuation of aerosolized microbots (2022)

For disease of the lung, the physical key to effective inhalation-based therapy is size; too large (10's of μm) and the particles or droplets do not remain suspended in air to reach deep within the lungs, too small (subμm) and they are simply exhaled without deposition. μBots within this ideal low-μm size range however are challenging to fabricate and would lead to devices that lack the speed and power necessary for performing work throughout the pulmonary network. To uncouple size from structure and function, here we demonstrate an approach where individual building blocks are aerosolized and subsequently assembled in situ into μbots capable of translation, drug delivery, and mechanical work deep within lung mimics. With this strategy, a variety of pulmonary diseases previously difficult to treat may now be receptive to μbot-based therapies.
Generating samples for association studies based on HapMap data (2008)

The program gs can effectively generate large scale genetic and phenotypic variation data that can be used for evaluating new developed approaches. It is freely available from the authors' web site at http://www.eecs.case.edu/~jxl175/gs.html.
Cycloadditions of extended dipoles: reaction of imidoylazimines with ketens (1975)

Ketens undergo 2 + 2 cycloaddition to the CN bond of the imidoylazimines (1) to give the β-lactams (2) which are cleaved on heating to give either benzocinnoline and 1,2,4,4-tetrasubstituted imidazolin-5-ones (5) or the triazolines (7), depending on the keten substituents.
Registration of planar emission images with reprojected CT data. (2000)

In almost all instances, translational registration errors were kept to subpixel levels (pixel size, 2.6 mm) and rotational errors to 1 degrees or less. The 1 exception was in the easily avoidable case of "pitch" rotations of the patient of 2 degrees or more. The modified registration method provides a simple yet reliable way to provide cross-modality evaluation of planar emission data.
The longitudinal vibration response of a curved fiber used for laser ultrasound surgical therapy (1997)

A theoretical study of the longitudinal vibration response of a bent fiber used as an active element of a medical applicator for Laser Ultrasound Surgical Therapy (LUST) is presented. The fiber cross section (∅300–1000 μm) is much smaller than the longitudinal wavelength (λ=15–20 cm). Wave propagation in the bent fiber is described by the governing second-order equations of motion which neglect the flexure effect. The range of the validity of those equations is discussed. In contrast to numerous works on bent rods, the case of an arbitrary continuous curvative distribution along the fiber is investigated. A simple analytical formula for the transfer function, i.e., the ratio of displacements at the working end of the fiber divided by those at the driven end, is obtained. The transfer function depends on frequency, fiber length, output impedance, loss factor, and the mean-square curvative of the fiber. The behavior of this function is investigated applied to some fibers whose lengths are of the order 1 m. The driven frequency is of about 10–50 kHz. If the displacement at the driven end of the fiber is known, the power output of the applicator can be found from the known values of the tissue impedance and the transfer function.
EPR studies of defects in electron-irradiated silicon: A triplet state of vacancy-oxygen complexes (1976)

Three new EPR spectra ($\mathrm{Si}\ensuremath{-}A14,\ensuremath{-}A15, \mathrm{and} \ensuremath{-}A16$) and two previously known spectra ($\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P2 \mathrm{and} \ensuremath{-}P4$) are observed for the first time in electron-irradiated silicon. The microscopic defect models are established as multivacancy-oxygen complexes with the oxygen(s) in Si-O-Si structure inside the 110&gt; vacancy chain: a (divacancy plus oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}A14$, a (divacancy plus two oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P2$, a (trivacancy plus oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P4$, a (trivacancy plus two oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}P5$, and a (trivacancy plus three oxygen) for $\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\ensuremath{-}A15$. The number of vacancies in the 110&gt; chain is determined from the zero-field fine structure and the number of oxygens from the evolutionary kinetics, with the $g$ tensor, $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ hyperfine structure, and stress response providing strong supportive evidence. It is emphasized that some of these oxygen-dependent defects play an important role as trapping centers for other point defects.
. The Significance of Interfacial Water Structure in Colloidal Systems—Dynamic Aspects (2000)

I. Introduction 36 II. Physical Chemistry of Bulk Water and Water Clusters 37A. Introduction 37 B. Experimental techniques for the study of bulk water 38 C. Spectroscopic studies of water clusters 41III. Role of Interfacial Water in Interparticle and Intermolecular Forces 43 A. Introduction 43 B. Rheological and colloid stability studies 44 C. Direct surface force measurements 54IV. Spectroscopic Studies of Hydration 57 A. Introduction 57 B. Spectroscopic studies of colloid hydration 58 C. Spectroscopic studies of hydration in biological systems 60V. Hydrophobic Hydration and the Role of Dissolved Gases in Colloidal Phenomena 62 A. Introduction 62 B. Water structure in the interfacial region 63 C. Role of dissolved gas in colloidal phenomena 64 D. Short-and long-range hydrophobic forces 66VI. Influence of Electric, Magnetic, Electromagnetic, and Sonic Fields on Interfacial Water 69 A. Introduction 69 B. Experimental studies on the effects of fields on interfacial water 70VII. Theoretical Studies of Bulk and Interfacial Water 73 References 75I. INTRODUCTIONThe structural and dynamical properties of water have long been studied but as yet are not fully understood [1-3]. Water is a natural solvent for colloidal and biological systems. Therefore understanding its structure and dynamics is of the foremost importance. In many common and relevant situations water is not in its bulk form but instead is attached to some substrates or filling small cavities [4]. The importance of such interfacial or con­ fined water is significant to numerous technological and biomedical problems such as corrosion and scale prevention, mining and mineral processing, oil recovery, waste water treatment, drinking water purification, pharmacology, and health care. Bound water has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Despite fast progress, old controversies that plagued this field for decades still exist [5]. Israelachvili and Wennerstrom stated in a recent review in Nature that extended layers of bound interfacial water do not exist and that water is just another small molecule [5]. Significant evidence collected by other authors points in another direction [6]. Yet it is still uncertain how important a role water indeed has in control of intermolecular and interparticle forces.
GeoChange: an experiment in wide-area database services for geographic information exchange (2002)

The GeoChange project is investigating a distributed database management architecture and services to facilitate the perusal, selection, and retrieval of multiple, third-party geographic information sources (GIS) across wide area networks, such as the Internet. The system uses a quasi-dynamic approach to information exchange which combines loose coupling of the source systems with distributed database management support services to improve the speed and reliability of retrieval. Application developers can use the system for ad-hoc merging of information from diverse GIS sources. Filters and integrity constraints managed as metadata bring further efficiency to the information exchange process. This paper is an introduction to the GeoChange system architecture and its operation. A protoype implementation using real geographic databases provided by the Hong Kong GIS community is near completion.