gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Scanning Tunneling Microscopy at Atomic Resolution: Influence of Forces and Tip Configuration (1996)

Atom resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images are known to depend on the nature of the tip and its interaction with the surface. We present a new method for determining barrier height and tip-surface interactions. For Cu(100) images, two distinct tip types are seen. At larger tunnel currents there is evidence for forces acting between tip and surface. We show that a molecular dynamics simulation of tip and surface is able to quantitatively explain the results, and gives a good estimate of both absolute tip-surface separation and the site dependent forces on individual atoms.
Effect of Playful Balancing Training - A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2013)

We used the modular playware in the form of modular interactive tiles for playful training of community-dwelling elderly with balancing problem. During short-term play on the modular interactive tiles, the elderly were playing physical, interactive games that were challenging their dynamic balance, agility, endurance, and sensor-motoric reaction. A population of 12 elderly (average age: 79) with balancing problems (DGI average score: 18.7) was randomly assigned to control group or tiles training group, and tested before and after intervention. The tiles training group had statistical significant increase in balancing performance (DGI score: 21.3) after short-term playful training with the modular interactive tiles, whereas the control group remained with a score indicating balancing problems and risk of falling (DGI score: 16.6). The small pilot randomized controlled trial suggests that the playful interaction with the modular interactive tiles has a significant effect even after a very short time of play. The average total training time to obtain the statistical significant effect amounted to just 2h45m.
Precompensated Optical Double-Sideband Subcarrier Modulation Immune to Fiber Chromatic-Dispersion-Induced Radio Frequency Power Fading (2009)

We propose and demonstrate a new optical double-sideband modulation technique that is immune to fiber chromatic dispersion and thus free of dispersion-induced RF power fading. The proposed modulation technique also provides a 3 dB improvement of RF power compared with optical single-sideband modulation. The proposed modulation technique is analyzed in theory and simulation. It is shown that for a given fiber length an optimum electrical phase shift exists to completely cancel the dispersion-induced RF power fading. We verify this proposed modulation technique experimentally for a single-tone RF signal and for a multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultrawideband signal.
Semiconductor-less vertical transistor with ION/IOFF of 106 (2021)

Semiconductors have long been perceived as a prerequisite for solid-state transistors. Although switching principles for nanometer-scale devices have emerged based on the deployment of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures, tunneling and ballistic currents through short channels are difficult to control, and semiconducting channel materials remain indispensable for practical switching. In this study, we report a semiconductor-less solid-state electronic device that exhibits an industry-applicable switching of the ballistic current. This device modulates the field emission barrier height across the graphene-hexagonal boron nitride interface with I<sub>ON</sub>/I<sub>OFF</sub> of 10<sup>6</sup> obtained from the transfer curves and adjustable intrinsic gain up to 4, and exhibits unprecedented current stability in temperature range of 15-400 K. The vertical device operation can be optimized with the capacitive coupling in the device geometry. The semiconductor-less switching resolves the long-standing issue of temperature-dependent device performance, thereby extending the potential of 2D van der Waals devices to applications in extreme environments.
Software-directed register deallocation for simultaneous multithreaded processors (1999)

This paper proposes and evaluates software techniques that increase register file utilization for simultaneous multithreading (SMT) processors. SMT processors require large register files to hold multiple thread contexts that can issue instructions out of order every cycle. By supporting better interthread sharing and management of physical registers, an SMT processor can reduce the number of registers required and can improve performance for a given register file size. Our techniques specifically target register deal location. While out-of-order processors with register renaming are effective at knowing when a new physical register must be allocated, they have limited knowledge of when physical registers can be deallocated. We propose architectural extensions that permit the compiler and operating system to: 1) free registers immediately upon their last use, and 2) free registers allocated to idle thread contexts. Our results, based on detailed instruction-level simulations of an SMT processor, show that these techniques can increase performance significantly for register-intensive, multithreaded programs.
The Autocatalytic Release of a Putative RNA Virus Transcription Factor from Its Polyprotein Precursor Involves Two Paralogous Papain-like Proteases That Cleave the Same Peptide Bond (2001)

The largest replicative protein of coronaviruses is known as p195 in the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and p210 (p240) in the mouse hepatitis virus. It is autocatalytically released from the precursors pp1a and pp1ab by one zinc finger-containing papain-like protease (PLpro) in IBV and by two paralogous PLpros, PL1pro and PL2pro, in mouse hepatitis virus. The PLpro-containing proteins have been recently implicated in the control of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis (transcription). By using comparative sequence analysis, we now show that the respective proteins of all sequenced coronaviruses are flanked by two conserved PLpro cleavage sites and share a complex (multi)domain organization with PL1pro being inactivated in IBV. Based upon these predictions, the processing of the human coronavirus 229E p195/p210 N terminus was studied in detail. First, an 87-kDa protein (p87), which is derived from a pp1a/pp1ab region immediately upstream of p195/p210, was identified in human coronavirus 229E-infected cells. Second, in vitro synthesized proteins representing different parts of pp1a were autocatalytically processed at the predicted site. Surprisingly, both PL1pro and PL2pro cleaved between p87 and p195/p210. The PL1pro-mediated cleavage was slow and significantly suppressed by a non-proteolytic activity of PL2pro. In contrast, PL2pro, whose proteolytic activity and specificity were established in this study, cleaved the same site efficiently in the presence of the upstream domains. Third, a correlation was observed between the overlapping substrate specificities and the parallel evolution of PL1pro and PL2pro. Collectively, our results imply that the p195/p210 autoprocessing mechanisms may be conserved among coronaviruses to an extent not appreciated previously, with PL2pro playing a major role. A large subset of coronaviruses may employ two proteases to cleave the same site(s) and thus regulate the expression of the viral genome in a unique way.
Population structure of the Indonesian giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon: a window into evolutionary similarities between paralogous mitochondrial DNA sequences and their genomes (2015)

Here we used both microsatellites and mtCR (mitochondrial DNA control region) sequences as genetic markers to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Penaeus monodon shrimp from six Indonesian regions. The microsatellite data showed that shrimp from the Indian and the Pacific Ocean were genetically distinct from each other. It has been reported previously that P. monodon mtCR sequences from the Indo-Pacific group into two major paralogous clades of unclear origin. Here we show that the population structure inferred from mtCR sequences matches the microsatellite-based population structure for one of these clades. This is consistent with the notion that this mtCR clade shares evolutionary history with nuclear DNA and may thus represent nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (Numts).
Dew point, internal gas pressure, and chemical composition of the gas within the free volume of DWPF canistered waste forms (1996)

The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) produced 55 canistered waste forms containing simulated waste glass during the four Waste Qualification campaigns of the DWPF Startup Test Program. Testing of the gas within the free volume of these canisters for dew point, internal gas pressure, and chemical composition was performed as part of a continuing effort to demonstrate compliance with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications. Results are presented for six glass-filled canisters. The dew points within the canisters met the acceptance criterion of < 20{degrees}C for all six canisters. Factors influencing the magnitude of the dew point are presented. The chemical composition of the free volume gas was indistinguishable from air for all six canisters. Hence, no foreign materials were present in the gas phase of these canisters. The internal gas pressures within the sealed canisters were < 1 atm at 25{degrees}C for all six canisters which readily met the acceptance criterion of an internal gas pressure of less than 1.5 atm at 25{degrees}C. These results provided the evidence required to demonstrate compliance with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications.
Effect of IBA, time of cutting collection, type of cuttings and rooting substrate on vegetative propagation in Cupressus macrocarpa 'Goldcrest'. (2009)

AltmAn A., Freudenberg D. (1983). Quality of Pelargonium graveolens cuttings as affected by the rooting medium.
pH-Sensitive Glycyrrhizin Based Vesicles for Nifedipine Delivery (2021)

Glycyrrhizic acid, or glycyrrhizin (GA), a major active component of licorice root, has been widely used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine since ancient times. However, only in the last decades has a novel and unusual property of the GA been discovered to form water-soluble, supramolecular complexes with a variety of lipophilic drugs. These complexes show significant advantages over other known delivery systems, in particular, due to strong pH sensitivity, the properties of GA self-associates. In the present study, a supramolecular complex formation of the hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drug nifedipine with GA has been studied at different pH values, corresponding to the different degrees of GA dissociation, including a fully dissociated state of GA. Both NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the existence of the nifedipine complex with GA at all dissociation states of GA. However, optical absorption experiments show the decrease of complex stability and solubility at pH > 6 when the GA molecule is fully deprotonated. It means the higher release rate of the drug in a neutral and basic environment compared with acid media. These results could form the basis of follow-up studies of GA self-associates as pH-controlled drug delivery systems.
Effects of Formulation on the Palatability and Efficacy of In-Feed Praziquantel Medications for Marine Finfish Aquaculture (2022)

Praziquantel (PZQ) provides an effective treatment against monogenean parasitic infestations in finfish. However, its use as an in-feed treatment is challenging due to palatability issues. In this study, five formulations of PZQ beads (1−4 mm) were developed using marine-based polymers, with allicin added as a flavouring agent. All formulations attained PZQ loading rates ≥74% w/w, and the beads were successfully incorporated into fish feed pellets at an active dietary inclusion level of 10 g/kg. When tested for palatability and digestibility in small yellowtail kingfish, the PZQ-loaded beads produced with alginate-chitosan, alginate-Cremophor® RH40, and agar as carriers resulted in high consumption rates of 99−100% with no digesta or evidence of beads in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish fed with diets containing either formulation. Two formulations produced using chitosan-based carriers resulted in lower consumption rates of 68−75%, with undigested and partly digested beads found in the fish GIT 3 h post feeding. The PZQ-loaded alginate-chitosan and agar beads also showed good palatability in large (≥2 kg) yellowtail kingfish infected with gill parasites and were efficacious in removing the parasites from the fish, achieving >90% reduction in mean abundance relative to control fish (p < 0.001). The two effective formulations were stable upon storage at ambient temperature for up to 18 months, showing residual drug content >90% compared with baseline levels. Overall, the palatability, efficacy and stability data collected from this study suggest that these two PZQ particulate formulations have potential applications as in-feed anti-parasitic medications for the yellowtail kingfish farming industry.
Singlet-bipolaron formation among degenerate electronic orbitals: Softening bipolarons (2000)

Bipolaron formation among degenerate electronic orbitals is considered. Symmetry-breaking deformations that lift the electronic degeneracy are shown to be required to stabilize a singlet with respect to a triplet. These symmetry-breaking deformations mix singlet states of the undeformed system. Mixing singlets of different energies causes the electronic energy of the lowest-energy singlet to fall nonlinearly with symmetry-breaking deformations. Through this nonlinearity, a singlet pair of the lowest energy not only fosters symmetry-breaking deformations but also reduces the stiffness constants of these symmetry-breaking distortions. The concomitant singlet-induced lowering of the vibrational frequencies reduces the vibrational free energy. Thus, singlet-induced atomic displacements and vibrational softening both contribute to lowering the free energy of a singlet bipolaron below that of a triplet and of two separated polarons. At strong enough electron-lattice coupling, stabilization of a singlet bipolaron is driven mainly by symmetry-breaking shifts of atoms' equilibrium positions. This singlet bipolaron is a variant of a conventional bipolaron whose stabilization with respect to a triplet requires symmetry-breaking deformations. However, stabilization of a singlet bipolaron at moderate coupling results primarily from singlet-induced reductions of the frequencies of symmetry-breaking vibrations. This type of bipolaron is defined as a ``softening'' bipolaron. Distinctive properties of a softening bipolaron enable it to be identified. Most prominently, softening bipolarons can lack the polaronic absorption bands that characterize conventional bipolarons. In addition, the Seebeck coefficients of softening bipolarons garner a distinctive contribution from singlet-induced softening of vibrational modes. Observation of these effects for boron carbides' singlet bipolarons suggests that they are examples of softening bipolarons.
Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Solution‐Processable Blends of Thieno[2,3‐b]thiophene Terthiophene Polymer and Methanofullerenes (2005)

Thin-film field-effect transistors showing n- and p-type conduction under different bias conditions are produced from solution-processable ambipolar blends of thieno[2,3-b]thiophene terthiophene polymer and phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (see Figure). Balanced charge transport in this blend is achieved by treating the insulator interface with alkyl-chain silanes. Complementary-like inverters have been fabricated on a single substrate, showing a maximum gain of 65.
Rotation Detection in Light-Driven Nanorotors (2009)

We analyze the rotational dynamics of light driven nanorotors, made of nanotube bundles and gold nanorods aggregates, with nonsymmetric shapes, trapped in optical tweezers. We identify two different regimes depending on dimensions and optical properties of the nanostructures. These correspond to alignment with either the laser propagation axis or the dominant polarization direction, or rotational motions caused by either unbalanced radiation pressure or polarization torque. By analyzing the motion correlations of the trapped nanostructures, we measure with high accuracy both the optical trapping parameters and the rotation frequency induced by the radiation pressure. Our results pave the way to improved all-optical detection, control over rotating nanomachines, and rotation detection in nano-optomechanics.
Ambulation Following Fractures of the Lower Extremity (1953)

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Unified power-flow control concept for flexible AC transmission systems (1992)

The abstract of the paper is to outline the technical and economical factors which characterise the uniform, all solid-state power-flow controller approach for real-time controlled, flex ible AC transmission systems.The unified power-flow controller in its general form can provide simultaneous, real-time control of all basic power system parameters (transmission voltage, impedance, and phase angle), or any combinations thereof, determining the transmitted power. The parameters selected for control can be changed without hardware alterations, e.g. the function of the controller can be changed from that of a phase-shifter to that of a series line compensator, or vice versa, with or without additional terminal voltage regulation and shunt VAr compensation, to adapt to particular short term contingencies or future system modifications.
Contribution to development of chemical and discharge oxygen-iodine lasers (2007)

A chemical centrifugal spray generator of singlet oxygen, chemical methods of atomic iodine generation, and discharge generation of atomic iodine for chemical and/or discharge oxygen iodine lasers (COIL and/or DOIL) are the topics investigated currently in the Institute of Physics AS in Prague. Some main results of this research are presented on a background of the general COIL technology.
Molecular and functional diversity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels: the pathophysiological roles and potential drug targets. (2003)

ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels comprise the pore-forming subunit (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and the regulatory subunit sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1 or SUR2). K(ATP) channels with different combinations of these subunits are present in various tissues and regulate cellular functions. From the analysis of mouse models with targeted deletion of the gene encoding the pore-forming subunit Kir6.1 or Kir6.2, functional roles of K(ATP) channels in various organs have been clarified. Kir6.1(-/-) mice showed sudden death associated with ST elevation and atrioventricular block in ECG, a phenotype resembling Prinzmetal angina in humans. Kir6.2(-/-) mice were more susceptible to generalized seizure during hypoxia than wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting that neuronal K(ATP) channels, probably composed of Kir6.2 and SUR1, play a crucial role for the protection of the brain against lethal damage due to seizure. In Kir6.2(-/-) mice lacking the sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel activity in cardiac cells, ischemic preconditioning failed to reduce the infarct size, suggesting that sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels play an important role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injuries in the heart. Mitochondrial K(ATP) channels have been also proposed to play a crucial role in cardioprotection, although the molecular identity of the channel has not been established. Nicorandil and minoxidil, K(+) channel openers activating mitochondrial K(ATP) channels, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby preventing the Ca(2+) overload in the mitochondria of guinea-pig ventricular cells. SURs are the receptors for K(+) channel openers and the activating effects on sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels in cardiovascular tissues could be modulated by the interaction of nucleotides. Due to the molecular diversity of the accessory and pore subunits of K(ATP) channels, there would be considerable differences in the tissue selectivity of K(ATP) channel-acting drugs. Studies of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 knockout mice indicate that K(ATP) channels are involved in the mechanisms of the protection against metabolic stress. Further clarification of physiological as well as pathophysiological roles of K(ATP) channels may lead to a new therapeutic strategy to improve the quality of life.
Jejuia pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater (2009)

An aerobic, pale-orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain EM39T, was isolated from seawater from the eastern coast of Jeju Island, Korea, and its taxonomic status was established using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies revealed that strain EM39T formed a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae and could be distinguished from strains of members of the related genera Gaetbulibacter, Mariniflexile and Tamlana by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (similarity values between strain EM39T and related strains were all less than 93.8%). Cells of strain EM39T were non-gliding, catalase- and oxidase-positive rods that were devoid of flexirubin pigments. Growth was observed at 15-35 degrees C (optimum, 25-30 degrees C) and pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.5). The genomic DNA G+C content was 34.6 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G and iso-C17:0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain EM39T represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Jejuia pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EM39T (=KCTC 22298T=DSM 21165T).
Tips of the trade #32. Gradual closure of fasciotomy wounds. (1991)

A technique of gradual closure of fasciotomy wounds is presented. At the time of fasciotomy, staples are placed at the edge of the fasciotomy wound. A large nylon suture is threaded through the staples in a pattern similar to the lacing of a shoe. Postoperatively, this suture is tightened daily; this results in gradual closure of the wounds without further surgery.