gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Pathological Inflammation During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice (2019)

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated in different subcellular sites or compartments, including endosomes <i>via</i> the NOX2-containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase during an immune response and in mitochondria during cellular respiration. However, while endosomal NOX2 oxidase promotes innate inflammation to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, the role of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) has not been comprehensively investigated in the context of viral infections <i>in vivo</i>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this study, we show that pharmacological inhibition of mtROS, with intranasal delivery of MitoTEMPO, resulted in a reduction in airway/lung inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, viral titers, as well as overall morbidity and mortality in mice infected with IAV (Hkx31, H3N2). MitoTEMPO treatment also attenuated apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils and macrophages in airway and lung tissue. At an early phase of influenza infection, that is, day 3 there were significantly lower amounts of IL-1β protein in the airways, but substantially higher amounts of type I IFN-β following MitoTEMPO treatment. Importantly, blocking mtROS did not appear to alter the initiation of an adaptive immune response by lung dendritic cells, nor did it affect lung B and T cell populations that participate in humoral and cellular immunity. <b><i>Innovation/Conclusion:</i></b> Influenza virus infection promotes mtROS production, which drives innate immune inflammation and this exacerbates viral pathogenesis. This pathogenic cascade highlights the therapeutic potential of local mtROS antioxidant delivery to alleviate influenza virus pathology.
Alkoxycarbonylation Reactions Performed Using Near‐Stoichiometric Quantities of CO. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Early detection of smoldering in silos: Organic material emissions as precursors (2020)

The possible use of organic particle emissions as indicators of smoldering fires at low temperatures (early stages, <150 °C) is explored in laboratory experiments. Samples consisting of wood pellets were heated under controlled atmosphere. The sample temperature was slowly ramped, mimicking the spontaneous, slow temperature increase during self-heating in organic materials. As the sample temperature reached 90–100 °C, a two-orders-of-magnitude increase in the number concentration of sub-micrometer particulate matter was measured under both air and nitrogen atmosphere. A detailed analysis of their chemical composition indicated that the particles formed through evaporation of low-volatile organic compounds followed by condensation downstream of the heated volume. The increase in aerosol concentration precedes any significant increase in measured CO and CO2 concentration in both time and temperature. Our results suggest that the sub-micron particle concentration could be considered as an indication of the stages that lead to smoldering fires.
Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Feeding, Development, and Survival to Adulthood After Continuous Exposure to <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>tenebrionis</I>-Treated Potato Foliage from the Field (2000)

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), feeding, development, and survival to adulthood were examined after continuously exposing large larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field. In laboratory assays, the overall consumption and the length of period to become prepupae were determined for larvae, which began as 3rd and 4th instars, that were offered potato leaf disks with naturally declining levels of B. thuringiensis residue. In small-cage field experiments, survival to adulthood and the period to adult emergence for beetles confined to potato plants treated with B. thuringiensis beginning as 3rd and 4th instars also were examined. Third instars remaining on plants after a B. thuringiensis application were unlikely to feed and 4th instars consumed only approximately 50% as much foliage as those fed untreated foliage. Many late instars subjected to B. thuringiensis-treated foliage failed to survive to adulthood; 58-83% of these beetles died during the larval stage. Reduced feeding and poor survival of late instars suggest that counts of large larvae after application do not provide a complete picture of the efficacy of the B. thuringiensis treatment. Late instar Colorado potato beetles that were exposed continually to naturally declining levels of B. thuringiensis-treated potato foliage took an average of 1.8-4.5 d longer to become prepupae and 4-8 d longer to emerge as adults compared with those provided with untreated foliage. Delayed emergence of adults that fed on B. thuringiensis-treated potatoes as late instars indicated that development was prolonged in these insects because of ingestion of a sublethal dose of B. thuringiensis.
Advantage of pinhole collimators over parallel hole collimators in reducing downscatter for I-123 imaging (2015)

Previously, we proposed an inexpensive method to improve the performance of the existing general-purpose dual-camera SPECT systems for brain imaging with I-123 (DaTscan) by using a specifically designed multi-pinhole (MPH) collimator on one of the detector heads. We present here our preliminary work investigating the downscatter of the low-abundance high-energy photons of I-123 for our MPH collimator in comparison to a single-pinhole and a parallel-hole collimator. These investigations were conducted with GATE Monte Carlo simulations and validated with experimental studies on a Philips Prism2000 SPECT system (1.905 cm crystal) for which we have single-pinhole and parallel-hole collimators. The downscatter fractions (DSF) obtained from the Prism2000 experiments were 26.8% for the parallel-hole (LEUHR) and 3.4% for the single-pinhole collimators, which are similar to the simulation results: 26.3% for the LEUHR and 4.2% for the single-pinhole. DSF for the MPH (0.9525 cm crystal) was only 1.5% because of the large tungsten collimator plate. These quantitative results are in good agreement with the energy spectra obtained from the simulations and real acquisitions. Thus, our study shows that an additional benefit of using pinhole systems is the negligible downscatter for I-123 brain imaging.
Inversion of eddy current NDE signals using genetic algorithm (2001)

The present paper presents an inversion scheme that reconstructs crack profile from eddy current signals. The scheme is based upon the genetic algorithm and reconstructs crack profile from the signals obtained by numerical simulations with use of an accelerated FEM-BEM coupling code. The cracks are assumed to have uniform electrical conductivity in order to model natural cracks that occur in steam generator tubes of pressurized nuclear power plants. On the basis of calculated eddy current signals in the previous generations, the inversion scheme is accelerated by eliminating individuals that are obviously different from the global optimum solution. Reconstruction results are shown in the paper, which reveal that the scheme is very promising.
Intelligent network management: a heterogeneous knowledge source approach (2002)

The knowledge and data engineering aspects of modeling the structural and functional components of a modern telecommunications network are presented. The networks are highly intelligent and dynamic, with the capability to reroute traffic between switches automatically and to support a customer's virtual network. The goal of this modeling is to automatically identify and isolate network faults as manifested by alarms given off by network elements. The authors posit the need for several knowledge/data sources that cooperate in this process: (1) the network topology and connectivity model, (2) the alarm monitoring model, and (3) the rule and case base to provide high-level problem-solving guidance to isolate primary alarms (faults) from their triggered secondary alarms. Models (1) and (2) are developed in detail, and it is shown that they can be merged to facilitate the correlation of alarm events to network elements. Both models are specified using the knowledge entity relationship model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rechnerarchitekturen und Betriebssysteme (2003)

Digitalrechner sind im Wesentlichen aus den in Kapitel 3 vorgestellten Einzelkomponenten aufgebaut. Je nach ihrem Einsatzzweck können diese Rechner jedoch sehr voneinander verschieden sein. Früher überwogen große Zentralrechner mit sternförmig angebundenen alphanumerischen Terminals. Mit der Verbreitung von PCs und Workstations begann dann eine Dezentralisierung, denn vergleichsweise hohe Rechnerkapazität war nun auch direkt am Arbeitsplatz verfügbar. Parallel mit dieser Entwicklung stieg der Kommunikationsbedarf an, der zu einer immer stärkeren Vernetzung der Rechner führte: Client-Server-Strukturen begannen sich durchzusetzen.
Acquired Erythroenzymopathies in Blood Disorders: Study of 200 Cases (1975)

Enzyme abnormalities are frequently found in the red cells of patients with various acquired blood disorders. In leukaemias, preleukaemic states and bone marrow insufficiencies with or without sideroblastosis, changes in enzyme activity are usually characterized by the coexistence of deficiency of some enzymes and an increased activity of others. The most frequently decreased activities are those of pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase,2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase and adenylate kinase; the most frequently increased activities are those of hexokinase, aldolase, enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In primary myelofibrosis and in polycythaemia rubra vera, enzyme deficiencies are infrequent and differ from those observed in leukaemias and related disorders. Phosphohexose isomerase and phosphoglucomutase deficiencies seem relatively specific for polycythaemia rubra vera. Explanations for the acquired enzymopathies are still at the stage of hypothesis. The theory of multiple genetic damage may explain some findings but has not yet been proved right. The possibility of post-translational molecular modification is suggested as a working hypothesis.
Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the ballistic performance of hybrid Kevlar/Cocos nucifera sheath-reinforced epoxy composites (2019)

This study investigated the effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) on the ballistic performance of Kevlar/ Cocos nucifera sheath-reinforced epoxy composites. GnPs with different wt. % (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%) were integrated into epoxy resin through ultra-sonication. Laminated composites were fabricated by incorporating Kevlar and Cocos nucifera sheath layers into the epoxy/GnP mixture by the hand lay-up method followed by hot pressing. Nine- and 12-layered laminates were fabricated with different numbers of Kevlar and Cocos nucifera sheath plies. Ballistic tests were conducted using a single-stage gas gun experimental setup with an 8 mm hemispherical stainless steel projectile. The results showed that the addition of GnPs improved the energy absorption by 8.5% (nine plies) and 12.88% (12 plies) and the ballistic limit by 4.28% (nine plies) and 6.17% (12 plies), respectively of Kevlar/epoxy/GnP composites at 0.25 wt. %. However, hybrid Kevlar/ Cocos nucifera sheath/epoxy/GnP composites and Cocos nucifera sheath/epoxy/GnP laminated composites decreased the energy absorption and ballistic limit after the addition of GnPs. This is because the addition of GnPs improved the interfacial interactions between the fiber and GnP modified epoxy matrix, which is inappropriate to absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of the projectile. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and it was shown that there is a statistically significant difference between the obtained ballistic properties of the laminates.
High temperature superconducting slow-wave coplanar transmission lines with normal-metal crossbars (1994)

A novel superconducting slow-wave transmission line has been prepared by overlaying a superconducting coplanar waveguide with normal metal crossbars. The crossbars increase the energy storage along the transmission line, reducing the line's group velocity allowing for shorter delay lines. Additionally, the cross-sectional dimensions of the line are smaller than typical transmission line structures, allowing for a further reduction of delay line size. Measurements show a group velocity of about 0.12 the speed of light with low dispersion, a 25 /spl Omega/ characteristic impedance, and moderate transmission loss. Because the group velocity is largely independent of any properties of the superconductor, these transmission lines exhibit excellent temperature stability and delay reproducibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An all-silicon single-wafer micro-g accelerometer with a combined surface and bulk micromachining process (2000)

This paper reports an all-silicon fully symmetrical z-axis micro-g accelerometer that is fabricated on a single-silicon wafer using a combined surface and bulk fabrication process. The microaccelerometer has high device sensitivity, low noise, and low/controllable damping that are the key factors for attaining micro g and sub-micro g resolution in capacitive accelerometers. The microfabrication process produces a large proof mass by using the whole wafer thickness and a large sense capacitance by utilizing a thin sacrificial layer. The sense/feedback electrodes are formed by a deposited 2-3 microns polysilicon film with embedded 25-35 microns-thick vertical stiffeners. These electrodes, while thin, are made very stiff by the thick embedded stiffeners so that force rebalancing of the proof mass becomes possible. The polysilicon electrodes are patterned to create damping holes. The microaccelerometers are batch-fabricated, packaged, and tested successfully. A device with a 2-mm x 1-mm proof mass and a full bridge support has a measured sensitivity of 2 pF/g. The measured sensitivity of a 4-mm x 1-mm accelerometer with a cantilever support is 19.4 pF/g. The calculated noise floor of these devices at atmosphere are 0.23 micro g/sqrt(Hz) and 0.16 micro g/sqrt(Hz), respectively.
Popsicle Panniculitis (1970)

A RED nodule on an infants face may provoke mutilating or potentially dangerous intervention such as biopsy or antibiotic administration. This report describes a rarely recognized but probably quite common and benign cause of such a lesion.Case ReportAt the age of 12 weeks, this infant's weight and height were above the 90th percentile; she subsequently drank low-fat milk.At 6 months of age, a deeply situated, movable, firm, slightly elevated, warm red nodule 2 cm in diameter on the right cheek, adjacent to the mouth, developed over 24 hours (Fig. 1). There was no fever or palpable lymph-node . . .
<title>Polarizers For Liquid Crystal Devices: The User's Viewpoint</title> (1982)

Several types of liquid crystal devices need polarizers to be able to perform their function properly. The plastic sheet polarizers used for this application are fairly complex layer systems and, more often than not, the problems that result from a wrong understanding of the nature of polarized light or from inappropriate handling of the material are underestimated. This paper is a summary of the properties and construction of plastic sheet polarizers. It explains why the various layers are there and how the user can check quickly if the material he receives does satisfy his needs.
SV40 Large T‐antigen nuclear signal analogues: Successful nuclear targeting with bovine serum albumin but not low molecular weight fluorescent conjugates (1990)

The signal sequence of a nuclear-directed protein encodes the necessary information for targeting the attached proteins to the cell nucleus. The sequence/structural requirements for a functional transport signal were explored with a series of peptides derived from the simian virus 40 large T-antigen nuclear signal 126-134 (CPKKKRKVED-NH2, wild type) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) through an N-terminal Cys (1) with m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. Nuclear accumulation was virtually complete 15 min after microinjection into green monkey kidney cells (TC-7). Peptides with Asn, Orn, and Gln substituted for Lys128, the reverse wild-type peptide (DEVKRKKPC-NH2) and the long 34-residue wild-type analogue (CYDDEATADSQHSTPPKKKRKVEDPKDFESELLS-NH2), were synthesized and conjugated similarly to BSA. The Orn peptide and the 34-residue wild-type analogue conjugated to BSA also transported to the nucleus but at a slower rate than 1. The reverse wild-type, Asn- and Gln-BSA conjugates of these signal analogues did not show transport to the nucleus after 6 h of incubation. In an effort to learn if such signal sequences would also target a small molecule such as a fluorescent tag to the nucleus, 1 fluorescently tagged with monobromobimane was prepared and microinjected into TC-7 cells. The peptide was distributed throughout the cell. These results support the notion that a positively charged residue at position 128 is needed for rapid nuclear transport and that the intracellular transport machinery has spatial recognition. The results with fluorophore-peptide conjugates suggest nuclear localization of these low molecular weight peptides will be difficult to attain even if attached to a functional nuclear localization sequence.
A Case for Internet Streaming via Web Servers (2006)

Hosting Internet streaming services has its unique challenges. Aiming at making Internet streaming services be widely and easily adopted in practice, in this paper, we have designed and implemented a system, called SProxy that can leverage existing Internet infrastructure to free the streaming content providers so that they only need to host streaming content through a regular Web server. SProxy has been extensively tested and evaluated and it provides high quality streaming delivery in both local area networks and wide area networks (e.g. between Japan and US)
Safety and UltrasoundEnhancing Potentials of a New Sulfur Hexafluoride‐Containing Agent in the Cerebral Circulation (1999)

Insufficient ultrasound penetration through the temporal bone is a serious limitation of transcranial ultrasound diagnostics. In a phase I study, the authors studied safety and ultrasound enhancing potentials of the new transpulmonary ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue, which contains sulfur hexafluoride gas microbubbles stabilized by a phospholipid shell. Twelve healthy volunteers received four different doses of SonoVue (0.3 ml, 0.6 ml, 1.2 ml, and 2.4 ml) intravenously. The duration of ultrasound contrast enhancement was measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS). Safety and tolerability was monitored during the study and for 24 hours after contrast agent administration. TCD: Duration of spectral enhancement (signal intensity of 5 dB over baseline) was observed dose-related (p < 0.0001; Friedman-test) for (0.3 ml) 136 +/- 63.4 seconds; (0.6 ml) 191 +/- 63.3 seconds; (1.2 ml) 314 +/- 88 seconds; (2.4 ml) 434 +/- 168 seconds [mean +/- SD]. Dependent on dosage, the peak signal amplification in TCD was significantly different (p < 0.001; Friedman-test) as well: (0.3 ml) 24.5 +/- 2.0 dB; (0.6 ml) 26.0 +/- 1.6 dB; (1.2 ml) 27.6 +/- 2.2 dB; (2.4 ml) 28.4 +/- 2.2 dB (mean +/- SD). TCCS: Mean time of optimal enhancement increased from 214 +/- 73 seconds (0.3 ml) to 356 +/- 14 seconds (2.4 ml) in a dose-dependent manner. In TCCS, signal amplification appeared to be stronger with increasing doses. Adverse events were not observed during the study. This investigation describes the ultrasound enhancing potential of SonoVue in the intracranial cerebral circulation. SonoVue proved to be well tolerated and provided a long-lasting ultrasound contrast enhancement that supports an optimal transcranial ultrasound diagnostic.
Synthesis of Te and BixTey Nanotubes by Galvanic Displacement of Iron Group Metal Nanowires (2008)

Abstract not Available.
The Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign (2010)

Our team is carrying out a multi-year observing program to directly image and characterize young extrasolar planets using the Near-Infrared Coronagraphic Imager (NICI) on the Gemini-South 8.1-meter telescope. NICI is the first instrument on a large telescope designed from the outset for high-contrast imaging, comprising a high-performance curvature adaptive optics system with a simultaneous dual-channel coronagraphic imager. Combined with state-of-the-art observing methods and data processing, NICI typically achieves ~2 magnitudes better contrast compared to previous ground-based or space-based programs, at separations inside of ~2 arcsec. In preparation for the Campaign, we carried out efforts to identify previously unrecognized young stars, to rigorously construct our observing strategy, and to optimize the combination of angular and spectral differential imaging. The Planet-Finding Campaign is in its second year, with first-epoch imaging of 174 stars already obtained out of a total sample of 300 stars. We describe the Campaign's goals, design, implementation, performance, and preliminary results. The NICI Campaign represents the largest and most sensitive imaging survey to date for massive (~1 Mjup) planets around other stars. Upon completion, the Campaign will establish the best measurements to date on the properties of young gas-giant planets at ~5-10 AU separations. Finally, Campaign discoveries will be well-suited to long-term orbital monitoring and detailed spectrophotometric followup with next-generation planet-finding instruments.
Biomimetic pH Sensitive Polymersomes for Efficient DNA Encapsulation and Delivery (2007)

A novel gene delivery vector based on the ability of a synthetic amphiphilic block copolymer to mimic biological phospholipids by forming membrane-enclosed structures, specifically nanometer-sized vesicles, is presented. A pH-sensitive diblock copolymer forms vesicles (polymersomes) at neutral pH, and dissolves completely as unimers at endocytic pH (see figure). GFP-encoding plasmid DNA are successfully encapsulated inside the polymer vesicles, and delivered intracellularly. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0941_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
VEGF TrapR1R2 Suspended in the Semifluorinated Alkane F6H8 Inhibits Inflammatory Corneal Hem- and Lymphangiogenesis (2020)

With this study we show for the first time that SFAs can serve as carriers for anti-angiogenic drugs at the ocular surface.
Process Migration for MPI Applications based on Coordinated Checkpoint (2005)

A lot of research has been done on fault-tolerance for MPI applications, some on checkpoint/restart, and some on network fault-tolerance. Process migration, however, has not gained widespread use due to the additional complexity of the requirement that the knowledge about the new location of a migrated process has to be made known to every other process in the application. Here we present a simple yet effective method of process migration based on coordinated checkpointing of MPI applications. Migration is achieved by checkpointing the application, modifying the process location information in the checkpoint files, and restarting the application. Checkpoint/restart and migration are transparent to MPI applications. Performance evaluation results showed that the additional checkpoint/restart capability has little impact on application performance, and the migration method scales well on a large number of nodes.