gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechano-morphological studies of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds of polycaprolactone fabricated by electrospinning (2006)

Mechanical and morphological studies of aligned nanofibrous meshes of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) fabricated by electrospinning at different collector rotation speeds (0, 3000 and 6000 rpm) for application as bone tissue scaffolds are reported. SEM, XRD and DSC analyses were used for the morphological characterization of the nanofibers. Scaffolds have a nanofibrous morphology with fibers (majority) having a diameter in the range of 550-350 nm (depending on fiber uptake rates) and an interconnected pore structure. With the increase of collector rotation speed, the nanofibers become more aligned and oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Deposition of fibers at higher fiber collection speeds has a profound effect on the morphology and mechanical properties of individual fibers and also the bulk fibrous meshes. Nanoindentation was used for the measurement of nanoscopic mechanical properties of individual fibers of the scaffolds. The hardness and Young's modulus of aligned fibers measured by nanoindentation decreased with collector rotation speeds. This reveals the difference in the local microscopic structure of the fibers deposited at higher speeds. The sequence of nanoscopic mechanical properties (hardness and modulus) of three fibers is PCL at 0 rpm > PCL at 3000 rpm > PCL at 6000 rpm. This may be explained due to the decrease in crystallinity of fibers at higher uptake rates. However, uni-axial tensile properties of (bulk) scaffolds (tensile strength and modulus) increased with increasing collector rotation speed. The average ultimate tensile strength of scaffolds (along the fiber alignment) increased from 2.21 +/- 0.23 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of zero rpm, to a value of 4.21 +/- 0.35 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of 3000 rpm and finally to 9.58 +/- 0.71 MPa for PCL at 6000 rpm. Similarly, the tensile modulus increased gradually from 6.12 +/- 0.8 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of zero rpm, to 11.93 +/- 1.22 MPa for PCL at uptake rate of 3000 rpm and to 33.20 +/- 1.98 MPa for PCL at 6000 rpm. The sequence of macroscopic mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) of three fibers, from highest to lowest, is PCL at 0 rpm < PCL at 3000 rpm < PCL at 6000 rpm. This is attributed to the increased fiber alignment and packing and decrease in inter-fiber pore size at higher uptake rates.
Decreased breast cancer mortality through mammographic screening: results of clinical trials. (1988)

A combined analysis of data from five major screening studies indicates that annual screening of all women aged 40 and over by means of state-of-the-art mammography, with two views per breast and physical examination, could reduce breast cancer mortality by at least 40% and possibly as much as 50%.
[DockingServer: molecular docking calculations online]. (2009)

Over the last years, the use of bioinformatics tools such as molecular docking has become an essential part of research focused at prediction of the binding of small molecules to their target proteins. DockingServer offers a web-based, easy to use interface that handles all aspects of molecular docking from ligand and pro-tein set-up through results representation integrating a number of software frequently used in computational chemistry. While its user friendly interface enables docking calculation and results evaluation carried out by researchers coming from all fields of biochemistry, DockingServer also provides full control on the setting of specific parameters of ligand and protein set up and docking calculations for more advanced users. The application can be used for docking and analysis of single ligands as well as for high throughput docking of ligand libraries to target proteins. The use of "DockingServer" is illustrated by the formation of acetaminophene (paracetamol)-CYP2E1 complex.
The Lipolytic Activity of Low Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Ovine Adipose Tissue* (1988)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) at concentrations of 40 ng/ml is lipogenic in ovine adipose tissue slices in vitro. Neither human IGF-II (hIGF-II) or rat IGF-II (rIGF-II) [multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA)] is lipogenic at similar concentrations. However, when present at lower concentrations recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) (400 pg/ml), hIGF-II (0.4 pg/ml), and MSA (40 pg/ml) were lipolytic. As IGF-II appeared more potent than IGF-I in promoting lipolysis, this effect may be mediated via the type 2 IGF receptor. The lipolytic effect of GH may be partly due to the actions of IGFs released locally.
Prediction of Chameleonic Efficiency (2021)

Prediction of chameleonic properties from environment-dependent conformational ensembles generated by molecular dynamics in explicit solvent is presented. This methodology yields predictive models of overall polarity (experimentally determined EPSA) and hydrogen bond donor exposure (experimentally measured delta log Poct-tol) for 24 FDA-approved drug molecules. Two quantitative indices of chameleonic efficiency are introduced to aid drug designers striving to combine sufficient permeability and solubility.
Concerted Action of AMPK and Sirtuin-1 Induces Mitochondrial Fragmentation Upon Inhibition of Ca2+ Transfer to Mitochondria (2020)

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles constantly undergoing fusion and fission. Ca<sup>2+</sup> regulates many aspects of mitochondrial physiology by modulating the activity of several mitochondrial proteins. We previously showed that inhibition of constitutive IP3R-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> transfer to the mitochondria leads to a metabolic cellular stress and eventually cell death. Here, we show that the decline of mitochondrial function generated by a lack of Ca<sup>2+</sup> transfer induces a DRP-1 independent mitochondrial fragmentation that at an early time is mediated by an increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio and activation of SIRT1. Subsequently, AMPK predominates and drives the fragmentation. SIRT1 activation leads to the deacetylation of cortactin, favoring actin polymerization, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Knockdown of cortactin or inhibition of actin polymerization prevents fragmentation. These data reveal SIRT1 as a new player in the regulation of mitochondrial fragmentation induced by metabolic/bioenergetic stress through regulating the actin cytoskeleton.
A Consideration of Evaluation of Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate from Effective Stress Intensity Factor Range (1995)

Abstract The fatigue crack propagation law was investigated for the two cases of crack propagation in a region of welding residual stress and after overloading. In the former case, the crack propagation rate da/dN was found to depend on the stress ratio R defined by σmin/σmax where σmin, σmax are the minimum and maximum cyclic stresses. Due to the tensile residual stress, the crack propagation rate increased as the stress ratio decreased in the range −2 ≤ R ≤ 0. In the latter case, the crack propagation rate da/dN after overloading was higher than that for the constant stress amplitude test at first and then became lower. The crack propagation rate was thus affected by both the residual stress and the overloading. However, the crack propagation behavior correlated well with the crack closure behavior. Therefore, in the cases considered here, the crack propagation law can be reasonably evaluated from the effective stress intensity factor range ΔKeff.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and lysine-bradykinin stimulate arachidonate liberation from rat anterior pituitary cells through different mechanisms. (1992)

TRH and lysine-bradykinin (Lys-bradykinin) increase PRL release and arachidonate liberation from anterior pituitary cells. We investigated whether the arachidonate liberation stimulated by TRH and Lys-bradykinin originates in pituitary lactotropes and whether these events are accomplished through similar mechanisms. Lys-bradykinin and TRH rapidly (0.5 min) increased the intracellular [3H]arachidonate content of rat anterior pituitary cells. Lys-bradykinin also increased [3H]arachidonate liberation and PRL release from lactotrope-enriched pituitary cells, but not from a pituitary cell preparation with a diminished number of lactotropes. In contrast, TRH increased [3H]arachidonate liberation from both lactotrope-enriched and lactotrope-diminished preparations; this increased [3H]arachidonate liberation stimulated by TRH in the lactotrope-diminished cells may originate in the thyrotropes. The effects of TRH and Lys-bradykinin on [3H]arachidonate and [14C]stearate liberation in perfused pituitary cells also were determined. Both secretagogues increased arachidonate and stearate liberation in a biphasic manner, characterized by a transient spike, followed by a lower magnitude wave of fatty acid release. The spike phase produced by Lys-bradykinin was more pronounced than that produced by TRH. The calcium dependence of TRH- and Lys-bradykinin-stimulated arachidonate liberation also was investigated. Cobalt and the low calcium medium containing ionomycin were used to block the secretagogue-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentrations. These conditions blocked TRH-stimulated arachidonate liberation, but only marginally decreased Lys-bradykinin-stimulated arachidonate liberation, indicating that the two peptides act through different mechanisms. Therefore, TRH stimulation of arachidonate liberation is linked to an increase in intracellular calcium. In contrast, Lys-bradykinin increases arachidonate liberation through a calcium-independent intracellular mediator. This calcium-independent increase in arachidonate liberation may involve the bradykinin receptor being coupled directly to a phospholipase, a G-protein that provides a link between the bradykinin receptor and the phospholipases that liberate arachidonate, or bradykinin-induced activation of a protein kinase-C that activates the phospholipases and subsequently liberates arachidonate.
The Use of Muscle Flaps to Treat Left Ventricular Assist Device Infections (2001)

Left ventricular assist devices have become an important adjunct in the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with end-stage heart failure. Although they may provide a bridge to transplantation, they are prone to certain problems, expecially infection. Because these are life-sustaining devices, changing the device or simple explantation may be a risky, if not impossible, option. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of a surgical alternative, namely, coverage of infected devices with muscle or myocutaneous flaps. Eighty-two consecutive patients who underwent the insertion of 88 left ventricular assist devices at our institution over a 6.5-year period were evaluated. Follow-up was provided for all patients and ranged from 1 to 7.5 years. The duration of ventricular support ranged from 0 to 434 days. All patients who demonstrated clinical evidence of infection were identified. Overall, 54 patients (66 percent) had infections locally at the device site, at distant sites, or systemically during support. Cultured organisms included gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Of the 56 infections in these 54 patients, 21 (38 percent) were device-related, i.e., in the pocket created by the device, in the device itself, or from the driveline. Thus, 24 percent (21 of 88) of all ventricular support devices inserted demonstrated device infection during use. Therapeutic modalities used to combat device-related infection included both nonsurgical management with antibiotics alone and surgical procedures such as device change or relocation, device explant, and flap coverage. Eight of the 20 patients in whom the 21 device-related infections occurred underwent surgical intervention. Four of these eight patients undenwent local flap coverage of their infected left ventricular assist devices. All four patients also had evidence of systemic infection, or "device endocarditis." Coverage was successfully achieved in all cases with pedicled rectus abdominis flaps. There were no perioperative complications. Two patients later underwent successful transplantation; the other two died from causes unrelated to the flap. In conclusion, the treatment of infected left ventricular assist devices currently includes both nonsurgical and surgical alternatives. Of the latter, muscle flaps should be considered a first-line intervention to assist in eradicating infection by providing well-vascularized tissue. Although there were no perioperative complications, the 50 percent mortality rate is consistent with that reported for patients with "device endocarditis." It may be that flap coverage of infected ventricular assist devices, if instituted at an earlier stage in the therapeutic process, could help prevent systemic infection in these patients and, therefore, improve their overall outcome.
Variation in oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus of populations of Aedes aegypti from the islands of Tahiti and Moorea, French Polynesia. (1999)

Twenty three samples of Aedes aegypti populations from the islands of Tahiti and Moorea (French Polynesia) were tested for their oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. The high infection rates obtained suggest that the artificial feeding protocol used was more efficient than those previously described. Statistical analysis of the results allowed us to define two distinct geographic areas on Tahiti with respect to the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti: the east coast, with homogeneous infection rates, and the west coast, with heterogeneous infection rates. No geographic differences could be demonstrated on Moorea. The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed in connection with recent findings on the variability of susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to insecticides.
A proposed metabolic strategy for monitoring disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

A specific, sensitive and essentially non-invasive assay to diagnose and monitor Alzheimer's disease (AD) would be valuable to both clinicians and medical researchers. The aim of this study was to perform a metabonomic statistical analysis on plasma fingerprints. Objectives were to investigate novel biomarkers indicative of AD, to consider the role of bile acids as AD biomarkers and to consider whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a separate disease from AD. Samples were analysed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-MS and resulting data sets were interpreted using soft-independent modelling of class analogy statistical analysis methods. PCA models did not show any grouping of subjects by disease state. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DS) models yielded class separation for AD. However, as with earlier studies, model validation revealed a predictive power of Q(2)<0.5 and indicating their unsuitability for predicting disease state. Three bile acids were extracted from the data and quantified, up-regulation was observed for MCI and AD patients. PLS-DA did not support MCI being considered as a separate disease from AD with MCI patient metabolic profiles being significantly closer to AD patients than controls. This study suggested that further investigation into the lipid fraction of the metabolome may yield useful biomarkers for AD and metabolomic profiles could be used to predict disease state in a clinical setting.
CS-AMPPred: An Updated SVM Model for Antimicrobial Activity Prediction in Cysteine-Stabilized Peptides (2012)

The antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been proposed as an alternative to control resistant pathogens. However, due to multifunctional properties of several AMP classes, until now there has been no way to perform efficient AMP identification, except through in vitro and in vivo tests. Nevertheless, an indication of activity can be provided by prediction methods. In order to contribute to the AMP prediction field, the CS-AMPPred (Cysteine-Stabilized Antimicrobial Peptides Predictor) is presented here, consisting of an updated version of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model for antimicrobial activity prediction in cysteine-stabilized peptides. The CS-AMPPred is based on five sequence descriptors: indexes of (i) α-helix and (ii) loop formation; and averages of (iii) net charge, (iv) hydrophobicity and (v) flexibility. CS-AMPPred was based on 310 cysteine-stabilized AMPs and 310 sequences extracted from PDB. The polynomial kernel achieves the best accuracy on 5-fold cross validation (85.81%), while the radial and linear kernels achieve 84.19%. Testing in a blind data set, the polynomial and radial kernels achieve an accuracy of 90.00%, while the linear model achieves 89.33%. The three models reach higher accuracies than previously described methods. A standalone version of CS-AMPPred is available for download at <http://sourceforge.net/projects/csamppred/> and runs on any Linux machine.
Oestrogens and clinical characteristics in endometrial carcinoma. (1990)

Serum concentrations of endogenously produced oestrogens were studied in 128 postmenopausal women with endometrial carcinoma. Radioimmunoassays of serum oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) were performed on admission to hospital. Results showed a wide variation in serum concentrations of E1 and E2 in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Some patients had high E1 values and low E2, while none of the patients had low E1 and high E2 values. Hormonal levels were correlated with increasing BMI (E1; p less than 0.000001; E2; p less than 0.000001). Uterine cavity depth was also related to both E1 and E2 (E1; p less than 0.00001; E2; p less than 0.0003). Concentrations of E1 and E2 were higher in diabetic women than in the non-diabetic. (E1; p less than 0.002; E2; p less than 0.01). E2 concentration was higher in hypertensive patients than in the non-hypertensive patients (p less than 0.04). Parameters such as age, menstrual history, clinical stage and histopathology showed no significant correlation with hormone concentrations.
Folate transport in isolated brush border membrane vesicles from rat intestine. (1981)

The transport of folates by the intact intestine consists of a saturable component with a luminal pH optimum of 6.0 and a nonsaturable component which predominates at high folate concentrations and/or high luminal pH. We sought to determine whether these properties reflect the behavior of the brush border membrane, free of intracellular enzyme activities, organelles, and intercellular junctions. We have studied, therefore the transport characteristics of folic acid (PteGlu) and methotrexate in isolated brush border membrane vesicles from rat intestine. Both PteGlu and methotrexate were found to be taken up by these vesicles by a pH-dependent process with a maximum uptake at a medium pH near 5.0. Studies at pH 5.5 demonstrated both saturable and nonsaturable components for the uptake of methotrexate and PteGlu. For methotrexate, Km, corrected for the nonsaturable component, was 1.5 microM and Vmax = 3.08 pmol/mg of protein/0.5 min. For PteGlu, the Km was 0.42 microM and Vmax = 0.67 pmol/mg of protein/0.5 min. Methotrexate uptake was competitively inhibited by PteGlu (Ki = 0.6 microM and by 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid (5-methyl-H4PteGlu; Ki = 1.35 microM). Brush border membrane vesicles exhibit folate transstimulation: those preloaded with PteGlu, 5-methyl-H4PteGlu or unlabeled methotrexate took up tritium labeled methotrexate at more rapid rates than did control vesicles. The data presented are consistent with a pH-dependent, structure-specific carrier or channel for folate transport across the luminal membrane of the intestinal cell shared by the three folate derivatives tested.
Magnitude of Cardiovascular System Response is Dependent on the Dose of Applied External Pressure in Lower Body Negative and Positive Pressure Devices (2018)

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Drug abusers in the committal prisons: a survey. (1982)

This study was carried out among prisoners from three committal institutions in Dublin during 1981 - Mountjoy Male Prison, Mountjoy Female Prison and St Patrick's Institution for Young Offenders. Prisoners who had been identified on committal as drug users by the Prison Medical Service were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Drug use was the focus of the questionnaire. In the male prison, 22 respondents were interviewed, aged between 19 and 32 years. Basic biographical information was collected, including place of residence, marital status, educational level, employment and criminal history. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe majority were found to come from disadvantaged areas and to have low levels of educational achievement. Just under 50% said their drug use had begun when they were 16 or 17 years of age. All 22 had used a variety of drugs, 16 being opiate users, and the rest using LSD and barbiturates. Intravenous drug use was the general route of administration among opiate users. In St Patrick's, nine youths were surveyed, all of whom had been identified as having a drug addiction. All were from working-class inner-city areas and had low levels of educational achievement. Drugs of misuse included heroin, cocaine, LSD and morphine, with injecting again being the most common route of administration. In the female prison, three respondents were interviewed. All were from working-class inner-city areas and had low levels of educational achievement. All three were opiate users and had used a wide range of other drugs.
Purines, pyrimidines, and imidazoles. Part 50. Inhibition of adenylosuccinate AMP-lyase no. 4.3.2.2. by derivatives of N-(5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5′-phosphate (SAICAR) and virazole 5′-phosphate (1979)

N-(5-Amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-4-carbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 5′-phosphate (SAICAR) and some related imidazole peptides have been shown to form in low yield in aqueous solution from the appropriate imidazolecarboxylic acid, an amino-acid or ester and the soluble carbodi-imide 1-cyclohexyl-3-(4-ethylmorpholin-2-yl)carbodi-imide methotoluene-4-sulphonate. Benzyl aminocyanoacetate either with N-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-N′dimethylformamidine, or with triethyl orthoformate followed by 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranosylamine, produced a readily separated mixture of benzyl 5-amino-1 -(2,3-O-isopropylidene-α- and -β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole4-carboxylates. Phosphorylation of the β-anomer and acid hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the product gave 5-amino-1 -β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid 5′-phosphate, which was active as a substrate for the enzyme phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide. The β-benzyl ester with acetic anhydride gave the 5′-O-acetate, with acetyl chloride the 5-N,5′-O-diacetate, and with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal the 5-N-dimethylaminomethylene derivative. Hydrogenation of the β-anomer or its 5′-O-acetyl derivative and condensation of the resulting carboxylic acids with acetic anhydride gave 3-methyl-5-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]oxazin-1-one. The 5′-O-acetyl ester was hydrogenated and the carboxylic acid condensed in situ with N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide to produce N-succinimidyl 5-amino-l-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate which with dimethyl L-aspartate or diethyl threo-DL-β-methylaspartate produced the corresponding peptides, which were deacylated and phosphorylated to give, after removal of the isopropylidene groups, SAICAR and threo-DL-β-methyl-SAICAR respectively. The threo-derivative and virazole-5′-phosphate both inhibit adenylosuccinase and their effects on this enzyme and on SAICAR-kinosynthetase and AIR-carboxylase are compared.