gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting if LTE is the Bottleneck with BurstTracker (2019)

We present BurstTracker, the first tool that developers can use to detect if the LTE downlink is the bottleneck for their applications. BurstTracker is driven by our discovery that the proprietary LTE downlink schedulers running on LTE base stations allocate resources to users in a way that reveals if a user's downlink queue runs empty during a download. We demonstrate that BurstTracker works across Tier-1 cellular providers and across a variety of network conditions. We also present a case study that shows how application developers can use this tool in practice. Surprisingly, with BurstTracker, we find that the LTE downlink may not be the bottleneck for video streaming on several Tier-1 providers, even during peak hours at busy locations. Rather, transparent TCP middleboxes deployed by these providers lead to downlink underutilization, because they force Slow-Start Restart. With a simple workaround, we improve video streaming bitrate on busy LTE links by 35%.
Ten Years of TerraSAR-X—Scientific Results (2019)

This special issue is a collection of papers addressing the scientific utilization of data acquired in the course of the TerraSAR-X mission. The articles deal with the mission itself, the accuracy of the products, with differential interferometry, and with applications in the domains cryosphere, oceans, wetlands, and urban areas. This editorial summarizes the content.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Molecular Rearrangements (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometric Analysis. Molecular RearrangementsF. W. McLaffertyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 1, 82–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60145a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60145a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2932Altmetric-Citations398LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resolving Catalyst Performance at Nanoscale via Fluorescence Microscopy (2021)

Fluorescence microscopy can observe molecular processes with very high spatial and decent temporal resolution. This chapter discusses the basics of fluorescence microscopy and its applications in catalysis research. The use of fluorescence as contrast mechanism necessitates the use of fluorescent (probe) molecules. The two main fluorescence microscopy configurations that are used nowadays are wide-field fluorescence microscopy (WFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In WFM the sample under study is evenly illuminated with the collimated, infinity-focused light beam. Unlike WFM, in CLSM the excitation light is focused in one point on the sample. Fluorescence microscopy techniques have been used to study a wide range of catalytic materials and to resolve a variety of catalytic questions. The chapter discusses several prominent examples that show the possibilities offered by fluorescence microscopy to resolve pertinent questions in heterogeneous catalysis.
Bioengineering of photosynthetic membranes. Requirement of magnesium for the conversion of chlorophyllide a to chlorophyll a during the greening of etiochloroplasts in vitro (1984)

The massive conversion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) and the massive conversion of chlorophyllide a (Chlide a) to chlorophyll a (Chl a) are two essential conditions for the ALA-dependent assembly of photosynthetic membranes in vitro. In this work, we describe the development of a cell-free system capable of the forementioned biosynthetic activities at rates higher than in vivo, for the first 2 h of dark-incubation. The cell-free system consisted of (1) etiochloroplasts prepared from kinetin and gibberellic-acid-pretreated cucumber cotyledons, and (2) cofactors and additives described elsewhere and which are needed for the massive conversion of ALA to Pchlide, (3) high concentrations of ATP, MgCl(2), and an isoprenol alcohol such as phytol, were required for the massive conversion of Chlide a to Chl a. An absolute and novel requirement of Mg(2+) for the conversion of Chlide a to Chl a was also demonstrated. In addition to the role of phytol as a substrate for the conversion of Chlide a to Chl a, the data suggested that this alcohol may also be involved in the regulation of the reactions between ALA and Pchlide. It is proposed that during greening, the conversion of Chlide a to Chl a may follow different biosynthetic rates, having different substrate and cofactor requirements, depending on the stage of plastid development.
Simultaneous acquisition of photoacoustic and fluorescence spectra at high sensitivity from powdered samples at variable temperature (1994)

An apparatus has been built for simultaneous high-sensitivity photoacoustic and fluorescence studies at temperatures from 4 to 295 K that uses a pulsed tunable dye laser as the excitation light source. A powdered sample, pressed into the pellet, is attached to a coiled fused-silica rod that provides thermal isolation from and good acoustic contact to an ambient temperature acoustic detector. The surface of the rod is roughened, thereby eliminating acoustic interference arising from scattered excitation light. As a test of the apparatus, the absorption spectrum of the 4F9/2 state of Nd3+ in A-phase Nd2O3 powder, dispersed in a KBr pellet, was recorded simultaneously by means of photoacoustic and fluorescence excitation spectroscopies.
Aluminium transfer in bicarbonate dialysis using a sorbent regenerative system: an in vitro study. (1980)

Because of the known presence of aluminium oxide in the Redy cartridge and the increased solubility of aluminium (A1) in alkaline solution, an in vitro study was performed to measure the release of A1 from the Redy cartridge and its potential transfer across a dialyser membrane. The use of bicarbonate rinsed Redy cartridges was associated with significant release of A1 and its subsequent transfer across the cellulose acetate membrane. Bicarbonate dialysis with the Redy system is not recommended for maintenance haemodialysis.
Investigation on 3.3 kV-50 A IGBT protection against over-voltage conditions (2009)

This paper deals with the design and fabrication of monolithically integrated voltage sensors with 3.3 kV IGBTs. Firstly, the sensor concept is introduced, and experimental validation on 600 V IGBTs is presented. Guidelines for the design of a 3.3kV IGBT including the reported anode voltage and current sensors are provided together with its process fabrication.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of β-Trifluoroalkyl Aminovinyl Ketone Derivatives (2009)

Ten beta-trifluoroalkyl aminovinyl ketone derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on several phytopathogenic fungi, an oomycete and plants were assessed. The various compounds were fungitoxic at the 10-100 microM range, with (Z)-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one exhibiting the highest inhibitory effect on most of the test pathogens. Alternaria alternata and Neurospora crassa were the most tolerant and sensitive fungi to the compounds, respectively. We propose that (Z)-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one is the minimal structural requirement for a beta-trifluoroalkyl aminovinyl ketone fungitoxic derivative.
Résidus phytosanitaires dans les vins : état des lieux, analyses et expertise (2019)

Protéger la vigne à l'aide d'une substance active phytosanitaire, qu'elle soit d'origine de synthèse ou naturelle, peut entraîner la présence de résidus de cette substance ou de ses produits de dégradation dans le raisin puis dans le vin. Ces résidus sont réglementés et autorisés à condition qu'ils ne dépassent pas les limites maximales de résidus (LMR) exprimées en mg/kg. On voit cependant apparaître sur le marché de plus en plus de labels ou de chartes exigeant le « zéro résidu » dans les vins. Des précisions sont apportées pour faciliter l'interprétation d'une analyse de résidus et la nécessité d'une expertise technique pour accompagner ces résultats. Un état des lieux des résidus retrouvés dans les vins est ensuite dressé. Il confirme que les teneurs quantifiées sont en très forte diminution par rapport aux dernières décennies. Aucun dépassement de LMR n'est constaté, les concentrations moyennes étant inférieures à 1% des LMR. Enfin, un focus est réalisé sur deux molécules fongicides qui sont régulièrement retrouvées dans les vins, y compris dans les vins biologiques, pouvant entraîner des déclassements par les organismes certificateurs. Plusieurs hypothèses sur des sources d'apports autres que phytosanitaires en ces molécules dans les vins sont présentées.
Using Model/Data Simulations to Detect Streakiness (2001)

AbstractA simulation-based approach is proposed for approximating a Bayesian analysis. Parameters and data are simulated from a Bayesian model and inference about a parameter is performed by exploring the set of simulated parameter values conditional on a set of values of a simulated statistic. The approach is used to learn about parameters of a streaky model on the basis of a statistic used to measure streakiness. The method is illustrated to detect streakiness in baseball hitting data and basketball shooting data.KEY WORDS: Bayesian inferenceCoin-tossingHothandMarkov switching modelOverdispersionQuasibinomial
Novel TEM-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, TEM-134, in a Citrobacter koseri Clinical Isolate (2005)

A new natural TEM derivative with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity, TEM-134, was identified in a ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolate of Citrobacter koseri. Compared to TEM-1, TEM-134 contains the following mutations: Q39K, E104K, R164H, and G238S. The bla(TEM-134) gene was not transferable by conjugation and, apparently, was chromosomally encoded. Expression studies with Escherichia coli revealed efficient cefotaximase and ceftazidimase activity for TEM-134.
Monotonicity of Linear Separability Under Translation (1985)

A set of n pattern vectors are given in d-space and classified arbitrarily into two sets. The sets of patterns are said to be linearly separable if there exists a hyperplane that separates them. We ask whether translation of one of these sets in an arbitrary direction helps separability. Sometimes yes and sometimes no, but yes on the average. The average is taken over all classifications of the patterns into two sets. In fact, we prove that the probability of separability increases as the translation increases. Thus, we conclude that if points are drawn equiprobably from densities fo(x) and f1(x) = fo(x + tw) then the probability of linear separability is minimum at t = 0 and increases with t for t > 0.
Surface Hydrophobicity of Aspergillus nidulans Conidiospores and Its Role in Pellet Formation (2003)

Formation of pellets by Aspergillus nidulans is primarily due to agglomeration of the fungal conidiospores. Although agglomeration of conidiospores has been known for a long time, its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. To study the influence of the fungal conidiospore wall hydrophobicity on conidiospore agglomeration, pellet formation of an A. nidulans wild type and strains deleted in the conidiospore-wall-associated hydrophobins DewA and RodA was compared at different pH values. From contact angle measurements, RodA was found to be more important for the surface hydrophobicity than DewA. The absence of either hydrophobin led to a decrease in the relative amount of biomass present as pellets at all pH values as well as a decrease in the average size of the pellets. For all strains, an increasing alkalinity of the medium resulted in an increased pellet formation. Together with measurements of electrophoretic mobility, it is concluded that both the electrical charge and hydrophobicity of the conidiospores affects the pellet formation but that the conidiospore agglomeration process cannot be ascribed to these factors alone.
Correction to Aerosol-Assisted Atmospheric Cold Plasma Deposition and Characterization of Superhydrophobic Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite Thin Films (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Aerosol-Assisted Atmospheric Cold Plasma Deposition and Characterization of Superhydrophobic Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite Thin FilmsFiorenza Fanelli*, Anna M. Mastrangelo, and Francesco FracassiCite this: Langmuir 2014, 30, 46, 14111Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2014Publication History Published online12 November 2014Published inissue 25 November 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la504036fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la504036fcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views389Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (102 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Total synthesis of irciniastatin A (2019)

The total synthesis of (+)-irciniastatin A (psymberin) is reported in 19 steps and 6% overall yield. Key reactions include a highly convergent enolsilane-oxocarbenium ion union to generate the C8-C25 fragment and a late-stage coupling of a hemiaminal and acid chloride to complete the synthesis. In addition, efforts toward a second generation formal synthesis are described.
The clinical pharmacology of the medical treatment for overactive bladder in adults (2020)

OAB is a multifactorial condition with every patient presenting with a different collection of symptoms and signs. Medical therapies should be given in conjunction with behavioral therapies. Using high or low doses, flexible doses, and stopping or changing the medications are interchangeable strategies based on the level of treatment efficacy and patient satisfaction.
Molecular imaging through the blood-brain barrier: Safety assessment and parameter dependence (2009)

Current treatments of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are limited due to the lack of a truly noninvasive, transient, and regionally selective brain drug delivery method. The brain is particularly difficult to deliver drugs to because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Over the past few years, we have been developing methods that combine Focused Ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles in order to noninvasively, locally and transiently open the BBB so as to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, the role of the microbubble properties in the BBB opening and its permeability is investigated. The left hippocampus of mice was sonicated (frequency: 1.525 MHz, pressure: 0.33 MPa, duty cycle: 20%, duration: 1-min) in vivo through the intact skin and skull following intravenous injection of microbubbles. Two different size ranges of lipid-shelled microbubbles (1-2 and 4-5 mum in diameter) were prepared and filtered according to their size based on their buoyancy. The permeability (Ki) of the BBB was quantified using a sequence of MR T1-weighted images (9.4 T, Bruker Medical; Boston, MA) and a previously reported model in order to measure the permeability changes of the BBB as a result of the FUS-induced opening. Larger microbubbles (4-5 mum) resulted in a larger region of BBB opening in the targeted hippocampus. The increased extent of the BBB-opened region could be interpreted based on previously reported models on the relationship between microbubble resonance and vascular effects, which have shown that in compliant vessels the natural frequency of 4-mum microbubbles becomes 1.3 MHz, potentially justifying the enhanced effect in the 4-5 mum case at the frequency used in this study. Ki maps were obtained across the entire brain and were found highest at the BBB opening site equal to 7 mul/g-min. These values are in agreement with Ki values in BBB disruption reported in tumor models to range between 6.8(plusmn3.5) and 15.1(plusmn8.0) mul/g-min. This study showed molecular imaging of larger brain region is enabled using larger microbubbles This reinforces our hypothesis that the microbubble properties are as important of a component as the ultrasound parameters in accurately predicting the resulting BBB opening.
Reversal of aging by NF&kappa;B blockade (2008)

Genetic studies in model organisms such as yeast, worms, flies, and mice leading to lifespan extension suggest that longevity is subject to regulation. In addition, various system-wide interventions in old animals can reverse features of aging. To better understand these processes, much effort has been put into the study of aging on a molecular level. In particular, genome-wide microarray analysis of differently aged individual organisms or tissues has been used to track the global expression changes that occur during normal aging. Although these studies consistently implicate specific pathways in aging processes, there is little conservation between the individual genes that change. To circumvent this problem, we have recently developed a novel computational approach to discover transcription factors that may be responsible for driving global expression changes with age. We identified the transcription factor NFkappaB as a candidate activator of aging-related transcriptional changes in multiple human and mouse tissues. Genetic blockade of NFkappaB in the skin of chronologically aged mice reversed the global gene expression program and tissue characteristics to those of young mice, demonstrating for the first time that disruption of a single gene is sufficient to reverse features of aging, at least for the short-term.
Final Report: Manganese Redox Mediation of UO2 Stability and Uranium Fate in the Subsurface: Molecular and Meter Scale Dynamics (2014)

One strategy to remediate U contamination in the subsurface is the immobilization of U via injection of an electron donor, e.g., acetate, which leads to stimulation of the bioreduction of U(VI), the more mobile form of U, to U(IV), the less mobile form. This process is inevitably accompanied by the sequential reductive dissolution of Mn and Fe oxides and often continuing into sulfate-reducing conditions. When these reducing zones, which accumulate U(IV), experience oxidizing conditions, reduced Fe and Mn can be reoxidized forming Fe and Mn oxides that, along with O2, can impact the stability of U(IV). The focus of our project has been to investigate (i) the effects of Mn(II) on the dissolution of UO2 under both reducing and oxidizing conditions, (ii) the oxidative dissolution of UO2 by soluble Mn(III), (iii) the fate of U once it is oxidized by MnO2 in both laboratory and field settings, and (iv) the effects of groundwater constituents on the coupled Mn(II)/U(IV) oxidation process. Additionally, studies of the interaction of Se, found at the DOE site at Rifle, CO, and Mn cycling were initiated to understand if observed seasonal fluctuations of Se and Mn are directly linked and whether any such linkages can affect the stability of U(IV).
Myoglobin Derivatives Reconstituted with Modified Metal Porphyrinoids as Structural and Functional Models of the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes (2018)

Reconstitution of hemoproteins with artificial heme analogues is an attractive strategy for modifying protein functions. In this chapter, two different reconstituted hemoproteins, cytochrome P450cam and myoglobin, are demonstrated. First, the role of the two heme–propionate side chains in cytochrome P450cam is discussed in the context of reconstituted P450cam with a one-legged heme, where one of the propionate side chains is replaced with a methyl group. The reconstituted cytochrome P450cam with the 7-methyl-7-despropionate heme indicates that the 7-propionate side chain plays an important role in the control of the process of expelling water molecules from the heme pocket out to the bulk solvent upon binding of a substrate molecule. Second, reconstituted myoglobins with artificial cofactors are reported models of cytochrome P450. Although native myoglobin does not have P450 activity, a reconstituted myoglobin with a flavin-attached heme and manganese porphycene, a constitutional isomer of porphyrin, have been found to promote the deformylation of 2-phenylpropionaldehyde and hydroxylation of inert alkanes, respectively. These results indicate that such reconstitutions of hemoproteins can provide important insights into understanding the structure/function relationships of hemoproteins and the generation of new biocatalysts.
Overview of the Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor, a Miniature Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer for Trace Contamination Monitoring on the ISS and CEV (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Work is underway to deliver an instrument for analysis of the atmosphere aboard the International Space Station. The Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) is based on a low-mass, low-power miniature preconcentrator gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (PCGC/MS) capable of providing sub-ppm measurements of volatile constituents in a space vehicle or outpost. VCAM is designed to operate autonomously, maintenance-free, once per day, with its own carrier and calibration gas supplies sufficient for a one-year lifetime. VCAM performance is sufficient to detect and identify 90% of the target compounds specified at their 180-day Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentration (SMAC) levels. The flight units will be delivered in mid-2008 and be operated in the ISS EXPRESS rack.&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic p‐nitroanilides containing coumarin or quinolinone derivatives as fluorophores (2000)

Nine model intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrates (IQFS) of the general structure F-Phe-NH-Np, containing coumarin or quinolinone derivatives as fluorophores (F) and the p-nitroanilide group (Np) as quencher, were synthesized. The study of the fluorescence properties of the substrates synthesized and the corresponding fluorophores showed that efficient quenching of fluorescence (>89%) was observed in all cases. The combination of 7-glutarylamido-4-methyl-coumarin (Mec-NH-Glt-OH) or 7-methoxy-4-coumaryl-acetic acid (Mca) with the p-nitroanilide group gave the best results (97.2 and 98.8% quenching, respectively). These fluorophores can be used to convert peptide p-nitroanilides into IQFS, which, retaining their chromogenic properties, may be applied in both fluorometric and colorimetric assays.