gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proof of the zeroth law of turbulence in one-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamics and shock heating (2021)

The zeroth law is one of the oldest conjectures in turbulence that is still unproven. Here, we consider weak solutions of one-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamics and demonstrate that the lack of smoothness of the fields introduces a dissipative term, named inertial dissipation, into the expression of energy conservation that is neither viscous nor resistive in nature. We propose exact solutions assuming that the kinematic viscosity and the magnetic diffusivity are equal, and we demonstrate that the associated inertial dissipation is positive and equal on average to the mean viscous dissipation rate in the limit of small viscosity, proving the conjecture of the zeroth law of turbulence and the existence of an anomalous dissipation. As an illustration, we evaluate the shock heating produced by discontinuities detected by Voyager in the solar wind around 5 AU. We deduce a heating rate of ∼10^{-18}Jm^{-3}s^{-1}, which is significantly higher than the value obtained from the turbulent fluctuations. This suggests that collisionless shocks can be a dominant source of heating in the outer solar wind.
The guard-ring termination for the high-voltage SiC Schottky barrier diodes (1995)

In this report, we propose the guard-ring structure as the edge termination for the high-voltage SiC Schottky barrier diodes. The local oxidation process is used to form the mesa of a p-n junction as the guard-ring. The comparison between the Al/Ti Schottky barrier diodes with and without the guard-ring indicates the effectiveness of the guard-ring to relax the electric field, from the results that the breakdown voltage is about two times larger with high yield.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
HIV-Induced Type I Interferon and Tryptophan Catabolism Drive T Cell Dysfunction Despite Phenotypic Activation (2008)

Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by functional impairment and chronic activation of T lymphocytes, the causes of which are largely unexplained. We cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-uninfected donors in the presence or absence of HIV. HIV exposure increased expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD38 on CD4 and CD8 T cells. IFN-alpha/beta, produced by HIV-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), was necessary and sufficient for CD69 and CD38 upregulation, as the HIV-induced effect was inhibited by blockade of IFN-alpha/beta receptor and mimicked by recombinant IFN-alpha/beta. T cells from HIV-exposed PBMC showed reduced proliferation after T cell receptor stimulation, partially prevented by 1-methyl tryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of the immunesuppressive enzyme indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO), expressed by HIV-activated pDC. HIV-induced IDO inhibited CD4 T cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest in G1/S, and prevented CD8 T cell from entering the cell cycle by downmodulating the costimulatory receptor CD28. Finally, the expression of CHOP, a marker of the stress response activated by IDO, was upregulated by HIV in T cells in vitro and is increased in T cells from HIV-infected patients. Our data provide an in vitro model for HIV-induced T cell dysregulation and support the hypothesis that activation of pDC concomitantly contribute to phenotypic T cell activation and inhibition of T cell proliferative capacity during HIV infection.
Addressing Objects and Their Relations: The Conversational Entity\n Dialogue Model (2019)

Statistical spoken dialogue systems usually rely on a single- or multi-domain\ndialogue model that is restricted in its capabilities of modelling complex\ndialogue structures, e.g., relations. In this work, we propose a novel dialogue\nmodel that is centred around entities and is able to model relations as well as\nmultiple entities of the same type. We demonstrate in a prototype\nimplementation benefits of relation modelling on the dialogue level and show\nthat a trained policy using these relations outperforms the multi-domain\nbaseline. Furthermore, we show that by modelling the relations on the dialogue\nlevel, the system is capable of processing relations present in the user input\nand even learns to address them in the system response.\n
Growth differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induction after kidney and lung injury. (2005)

The immunoregulatory cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), a divergent TGF-beta family member, and its murine ortholog, growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) are induced in hepatocytes by surgical and chemical injury and heat shock. To better understand the in vivo role this factor plays in organ injury, we examined the regulation of GDF-15 in murine models of kidney and lung injury. We demonstrate herein induction of GDF-15/MIC-1 after surgical, toxic/genotoxic, ischemic, and hyperoxic kidney or lung injury. Gdf15 induction was independent of protein synthesis, a hallmark of immediate-early gene regulation. Although TNF induced GDF-15 expression, injury-elicited Gdf15 expression was not reduced in mice deficient for both TNF receptor subtype. Furthermore, although the stress sensor p53 is known to induce GDF-15/MIC-1 expression, injury-elicited Gdf15 expression was unchanged in p53-null mice. Our results demonstrate that GDF-15 induction after organ injury is a hallmark of many tissues. These data demonstrate that GDF-15/MIC-1 is an early mediator of the injury response in kidney and lung that might regulate inflammation, cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis in a variety of injured tissues and disease processes.
Formation and spectral characterization of Bragg gratings in standard monomode fibers (1993)

Note: Invited Reference EPFL-CONF-149372 Record created on 2010-06-15, modified on 2017-05-10
Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (−)‐Subersic Acid, a Sponge‐Derived, Terpenoidal Inhibitor of Human 15‐Lipoxygenase (2003)

Abstract (−)‐Subersic acid ( 1 ), a new derivative of p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid in which the m ‐position is substituted with a bicyclic diterpenoid, was synthesized from ( S )‐3‐hydroxy‐2,2‐dimethylcyclohexanone and p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid. The stereochemistry of this sponge‐derived inhibitor of human 15‐lipoxygenase was established as (5 R ,10 R )‐ 1 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Community Currency Trading Method through Partial Transaction Intermediary Process (2006)

A community currency is local money that is issued by local governments or Non-Profit Organization (NPO) to support social services. The purpose of introducing community currencies is to regenerate communities by fostering mutual aids among community members. In this paper, we propose a community currency trading method through partial intermediary process, under operational environments without introducing coordinators all the time. In this method, coordinators perform coordination between service users and service providers during several months from the start point of transactions. After the period of coordination, participants spontaneously make transactions based on their trust area and a trust evaluation method based on the number of provided services and complaint information. This method is especially effective to communities with close social networks and low trustworthiness. The proposed method is evaluated through multi-agent simulation.
Leakage-free porous cellulose-based phase change cryogels for sound and thermal insulation (2023)

Leakage-free phase change materials (PCM) are used as passive energy storage systems that thermoregulate indoor environments. In this research, we synthesized highly porous hybrid materials based on non-covalent physical interactions between (poly)ethylene glycol (PEG) and modified cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), namely lignin-containing CNF (LCNF) or acetylated CNF (ACNF). The PEG/CNF hybrid, termed phase change nanohybrids (PCN), were ultra-lightweight (0.022–0.043 g/cm3), mechanically resilient, and displayed a high latent energy storage, up to 204 J/g. The PCN systems (specific heat capacity as high as 2.24 J/g K) were effective in thermal regulating 2.23 °C with a 1 mm thickness coverage while maintaining thermal stability. The PCN also demonstrated favorable thermal management under excess solar heating, providing 33.5 °C of insulative protection with a 1.5 cm thick system. The PCNs have exceptional acoustic absorbance (100% absorbance for 1600 Hz and 50% at lower frequencies, 500 Hz). Trace metal oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles improved the PCN thermoregulating abilities, revealing desirable opportunities in multi-functional applications. Our biobased PCN is a promising insulation and passive energy storage alternative for thermal protection in smart building, electronic, packaging, energy storage system and aerospace sectors.
Rituximab ameliorated severe hearing loss in Cogan's syndrome: a case report (2010)

in CS, hearing function is often the most difficult parameter to control with therapy. A positive effect of Rituximab on was observed in our case. The drug also allowed to significantly reduce the number of adjuvant immunosuppressive medications.
High efficiency thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 photovoltaic cells using a Cd1−xZnxS buffer layer (2006)

The authors have fabricated 19.52% thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS)-based photovoltaic devices using single layer chemical bath deposited Cd1−xZnxS (CdZnS) buffer layer. The efficiency equals the world record for any thin-film solar cell and is achieved with reduced optical absorption in the window layer. Using current-voltage, quantum efficiency, and capacitance-voltage measurements, the CIGS/CdZnS device parameters are directly compared with those of CIGS/CdS devices fabricated with equivalent absorbers.
Hybrid Model for Air Core Reactors in EMC Simulations of High Voltage Converter Stations (2019)

Recently, accurate EMC simulation methodologies for high voltage converter stations have been developed and presented. These methodologies can model complete substations, and cover conducted and radiated emissions. The simulations rely on numerical full-wave methods coupled to circuit solvers. Main subject of this study are the air core reactors used in such high voltage converter stations. They have complex geometries and are therefore typically included in system models as impedance netlists only. As a consequence, electromagnetic coupling and radiation effects of the reactors are neglected, what can negatively impact the accuracy in cases where they are installed outdoors or near other components. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach for efficient modeling of air core reactors as part of large, system-level models of medium and high voltage converter stations. The model consists of a simplified 3D single-turn coil, coupled to a circuit model at schematic level. The correct magnitude of the magnetic field is obtained by multiplying the winding current by the number of reactor turns and injecting them into the 3D single-turn coil using an ideal transformer. Implementation is done in CST Microwave Studio. The results are compared to measurements, to equivalent lumped circuit models and to full wave simulations.
Anticholinergic withdrawal and benzhexol treatment in Parkinson's disease (1973)

The effects of slow withdrawal of anticholinergic medication and addition of benzhexol (8 mg/day) have been studied in patients with Parkinson's disease on stable levodopa therapy. Withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs led to measurable and often severe deterioration in about two-thirds of patients. Addition of benzhexol produced a slight but definite additional improvement in those patients in whom anticholinergics were withdrawn before the trial. Anticholinergic drugs thus still have a part to play in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, for they produce benefit in addition to that provided by levodopa.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von TrimethyIstannylmethyl-Indium(III)-Verbindungen (1984)

Trimethyltin methyllithium reacts with InCl3, CH3InCl2 and R2InCl (R = CH3, t-C4H9) with formation of the new compounds In(CH2SnMe3)3, CH3In(CH2SnMe3)2, (CH3)2InCH2SnMe3 and (t-C4H9)2InCH2SnMe3. The compounds are characterized by elemental analyses, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR and IR spectra.
Carbon-carbon bond formation in dinuclear dialkyl complexes. Reactions of [CpCo(CO)R]2 (R = methyl, ethyl, or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) and (C11H10)Co2(CO)2(CH3)2 with carbon monoxide and triphenylphosphine (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-carbon bond formation in dinuclear dialkyl complexes. Reactions of [CpCo(CO)R]2 (R = methyl, ethyl, or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) and (C11H10)Co2(CO)2(CH3)2 with carbon monoxide and triphenylphosphineNeil E. Schore, Casmir S. Ilenda, Mary Ann White, Henry E. Bryndza, Michael G. Matturro, and Robert G. BergmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 24, 7451–7461Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00336a026Request reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Distributed Multichannel MAC Protocol for Multihop Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

A cognitive radio (CR) network should be able to sense its environment and adapt communication to utilize the unused licensed spectrum without interfering with licensed users. In this paper, we look at CR-enabled networks with distributed control. As CR nodes need to hop from channel to channel to make the most use of the spectrum opportunities, we believe distributed multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocols to be key enablers for these networks. In addition to the spectrum scarcity, energy is rapidly becoming one of the major bottlenecks of wireless operations and has to be considered as a key design criterion. We present here an energy-efficient distributed multichannel MAC protocol for CR networks (MMAC-CR). Simulation results show that the proposed protocol significantly improves performance by borrowing the licensed spectrum and protects primary users (PUs) from interference, even in hidden terminal situations. Sensing costs are evaluated and shown to contribute only 5% to the total energy cost.
Prospects for nucleic acid-based therapeutics against hepatitis C virus (2013)

In this review, we discuss recent advances in nucleic acid-based therapeutic technologies that target hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Because the HCV genome is present exclusively in RNA form during replication, various nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches targeting the HCV genome, such as ribozymes, aptamers, siRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides, have been suggested as potential tools against HCV. Nucleic acids are potentially immunogenic and typically require a delivery tool to be utilized as therapeutics. These limitations have hampered the clinical development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. However, despite these limitations, nucleic acid-based therapeutics has clinical value due to their great specificity, easy and large-scale synthesis with chemical methods, and pharmaceutical flexibility. Moreover, nucleic acid therapeutics are expected to broaden the range of targetable molecules essential for the HCV replication cycle, and therefore they may prove to be more effective than existing therapeutics, such as interferon-α and ribavirin combination therapy. This review focuses on the current status and future prospects of ribozymes, aptamers, siRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic reagents against HCV.
如何对付“强制缔约”合同 (2009)

对于一名为自动化公司提供咨询的律师来说,一件让人很不爽的事情就是有时候摆在我面前的事情是如此之多。下面是一个例子：比方说控制工程有限公司（Control Engineers Limited,CEL）希望让我就一个新项目提供一些法律意见。出现在我的收件箱中的是一份来自于CEL的客户的小礼物．其中包括一份40页的“一般条件说明”．一份5页的“特殊情况说明”．一些令人生畏的规格．以及一份打印精美的采购合同。
Real‐time high‐resolution MRI for the assessment of gastric motility: Pre‐ and postpharmacological stimuli (2004)

TrueFISP MRI performed well in depicting the gastric lumen and assessing gastric motility. Furthermore, we were able to evaluate and quantify the effect of motility-modifying agents. The noninvasive nature of MRI makes this imaging modality an attractive alternative to conventional invasive diagnostic tools for gastric motility disorders and monitoring of therapy.
Average Motion Times of Positioners in Random Access Devices (1965)

An analysis is made of the average motion times of mechanical positioners based on trapezoidal velocity vs time curves. The results are plotted in terms of dimensionless motion parameters. It is shown that average motion time may be optimized by balancing acceleration and velocity in a proper way. The selection of optimum transmission ratios between motor and load is discussed and demonstrated in an example.
The Earth Mover's Distance under transformation sets (1999)

The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is a distance measure between distributions with applications in image retrieval and matching. We consider the problem of computing a transformation of one distribution which minimizes its EMD to another. The applications discussed here include estimation of the size at which a color pattern occurs in an image, lighting-invariant object recognition, and point feature matching in stereo image pairs. We present a monotonically convergent iteration which can be applied to a large class of EMD under transformation problems, although the iteration may converge to only a locally optimal transformation. We also provide algorithms that are guaranteed to compute a globally optimal transformation for a few specific problems, including some EMD under translation problems.
The results of Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses of etiological factors related to the outcome of combined pharmacological therapy against laryngeal granuloma (2016)

The 48-week lesion disappearance rates for the whole population were 82.3%. Although the Kaplan-Meier analysis exhibited significant differences between patients separated by GERD diagnosis, phonotrauma, and habitual smoking, only GERD were identified as a real independent etiological factor affecting the resolution of the lesion by a multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional-hazards regression.
[The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia following direct current ablation, high-frequency current ablation and laser photo-ablation]. (1988)

Incidence and severity of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) following transvenous catheter ablation have so far not been fully elucidated. In the present study we evaluated the comparative incidence of postablation ventricular arrhythmias following high voltage-direct current electrical ablation (DCA), radiofrequency-ablation (RFA), and laser-photoablation (LPA). Experiments were performed on a total of 26 anesthetized mongrel dogs (BW: 20-30 kg). DCA (n = 14; 150-200 J) and RFA (n = 7; 38.5-72.5 J) were performed unipolarly via a 6F USCI catheter, LPA (n = 5; 40-80 J) was delivered through a quarz core fiber (diameter 0.4 mm) housed within a special designed catheter. Energies were delivered to various sites of free wall and apical endocardium of the left ventricle. Immediately after DCA fast runs of ventricular tachycardia (VT) developed in 13 out of 14 dogs degenerating into ventricular fibrillation in two animals. Mean cycle length of induced VT was 298 +/- 86 ms. Persistent VA, morphologically mainly characterized by an accelerated idioventricular rhythm interrupted by runs of ventricular salvoes, occurred in 12 animals (mean rate: 78 +/- 13 VPB/min 3 h after ablation). During VT early endocardial activations were recorded from the ablation site. No significant correlation between total applied energy (150-550 J) and incidence of arrhythmogenic effects was observed. RFA and LPA induced ventricular salvoes and runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, in one animal ventricular fibrillation occurred during RFA; however, no persistent arrhythmic activity developed after RFA and LPA, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhanced type III collagen gene expression during bleomycin induced lung fibrosis. (1993)

These results suggest that activation of interstitial fibroblasts, with enhanced type III collagen gene expression, forms at least part of the mechanism leading to increased collagen deposition in bleomycin induced fibrosis and that this occurs before fibrosis is detected by conventional histological staining.
Assessment of Allowance Mechanismin China's Carbon Trading Pilots (2015)

The allowance mechanism is one of the core and sensitive aspects in design of a carbon trading scheme and affects the compliance cost for each company covered under the scheme. By examining China's allowance mechanism from two aspects including allowance allocation and allowance distribution, this paper compares China's carbon trading pilots with the EU Emissions Trading System and California Cap-and-Trade Program, and through the comparison identify issues that affect the efficiency of the pilots. The paper also recommends course of actions to strengthen China's existing pilots and build valuable experiences for the establishment of the national cap-and-trade system in China.
Controlled dosing of nitrate for prevention of H2S in a sewer network and the effects on the subsequent treatment processes (1995)

A process for the elimination of septicity based on controlled addition of nitrate to sewer networks is developed. The process is registered as the NutrioxTM process. The work described in this paper gives the results of a full scale trial in the UK. The trial was set up and managed by Norsk Hydro and independently monitored and evaluated by the Water Research Centre Environmental Management (WRc). The results showed that dosing of nitrate was very effective for suppression of hydrogen sulphide in a rising main. During nitrate dosing the average level of hydrogen sulphide at the works inlet was 0.24 mg/l, with a daily variation within the range of 0-0.4 mg/l. Without nitrate addition the average background level of hydrogen sulphide was 4.2 mg/l, with a daily variation of 1-10 mg/l. The dosing was accomplished without significant breakthrough of nitrate to the treatment works. Dosing of nitrate resulted in an increased removal of soluble BOD across the rising main, but no significant change in total BOD or COD was registered at the treatment plant during the nitrate dosing. The nitrification process in the biological filters at the treatment plant was improved during the dosing period.