gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An incremental update propagation scheme for a cooperative transaction model (2002)

Engineering design applications require the support of long transactions in cooperative environments The problem of the existing copy/update/merge approaches is that the partial effects of a committed transaction may be not part of the merged version. The paper introduces a new cooperative transaction model, which allows updates to be progressively notified or propagated into other transactions accessing the same object. To support incremental update propagation and notification, the authors use the term dynamic dependency to define the intertransaction dependency relationships among all the objects checked out from the public database. Consistency in multiple copies of the same object is achieved by a two-phase delta-merge protocol. The model provides a synchronization of cooperative updates performed in several workspaces without using locking mechanisms.
Deep Learning for Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition: Overview, Challenges and Opportunities (2020)

The vast proliferation of sensor devices and Internet of Things enables the applications of sensor-based activity recognition. However, there exist substantial challenges that could influence the performance of the recognition system in practical scenarios. Recently, as deep learning has demonstrated its effectiveness in many areas, plenty of deep methods have been investigated to address the challenges in activity recognition. In this study, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods for sensor-based human activity recognition. We first introduce the multi-modality of the sensory data and provide information for public datasets that can be used for evaluation in different challenge tasks. We then propose a new taxonomy to structure the deep methods by challenges. Challenges and challenge-related deep methods are summarized and analyzed to form an overview of the current research progress. At the end of this work, we discuss the open issues and provide some insights for future directions.
Delayed diagnosis of anorectal malformations in neonates (2019)

Delayed diagnosis in ARM patients remains a common, and potentially fatal, occurrence. Improved assessment of newborns is required to ensure timely diagnosis of ARM, and avoidance of complications associated with delayed diagnosis.
E Diesel: A Viable Alternative Fuel (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Ethanol is the renewable fuel source of choice for extending the gasoline pool as seen by the government's mandate for its use in blends since January 2003. It is only a logical extension to ascertain if the same benefits can also be applied to diesel fuel. Unlike gasoline and ethanol there are several unique challenges that arise in the case of diesel fuel and ethanol blends: flash point, vapor formation, lubricity, durability, distribution system, cetane quality and the all-important stability. A review of the ethanol diesel blends, their compatibility and homogeneity, using a novel additive system developed by Lubrizol and the studies made on the lubricity of the resulting fuels, cetane quality and emission results in the additised E diesel fuel will be presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Implementation of the Prony Method for Signal Deconvolution (2019)

Modern implementations of the Prony method have been used in the statistical analysis of sinusoidal and/or exponential signals distorted with noise. Modern implementations are auto-regressive, using a series of matrix calculations and least-squares to calculate the values of interest from a signal; the frequency, decay constant, initial amplitude, and phase. In cavity ring-down spectroscopy, the frequency and decay constant of an exponentially decaying sinusoidal signal need to be obtained, in order to identify molecules and the chirality of these molecules, which may be applied in, for instance, development of pharmaceuticals. This method is applicable to signals from other fields - signals which are sinusoidal or exponential in nature. An implementation of the Prony method for cavity ring-down spectroscopy has been developed and characterised in Python.
Development of the gas electron multiplier (GEM) (1998)

We describe recent developments of the gas electron multiplier (GEM), a thin composite mesh acting as proportional avalanche amplifier in gas counters. In beam tests we have verified the excellent efficiency, time resolution and localization accuracy for a GEM with micro-strip read-out. Efficiency, localization accuracy and operation in strong magnetic fields has been verified; operation at rates above 10/sup 6/ Hz/mm/sup 2/ and lifetimes corresponding to at least 10 mC/cm of collected charge have been demonstrated. Refinements in the manufacturing technology have permitted the realization of large size detectors (27 by 25 cm/sup 2/), to be used in conjunction with microstrip gas chambers. With an improved design, stable gains above two thousand have been reached (GEM2000); larger gains can be obtained increasing the thickness of the foils, cascading two GEMs at some distance or in electrical contact. Further developments of the technology and prospective applications are discussed.
The Pseudouridine Synthases:  Revisiting a Mechanism That Seemed Settled (2004)

RNA containing 5-fluorouridine, [f 5U]RNA, has been used as a mechanistic probe for the pseudouridine synthases, which convert uridine in RNA to its C-glycoside isomer, pseudouridine. Hydrated products of f 5U were attributed to ester hydrolysis of a covalent complex between an essential aspartic acid residue and f 5U, and the results were construed as strong support for a mechanism involving Michael addition by the aspartic acid residue. Labeling studies with [18O]water are now reported that rule out such ester hydrolysis in one pseudouridine synthase, TruB. The aspartic acid residue does not become labeled, and the hydroxyl group in the hydrated product of f 5U derives directly from solvent. The hydrated product, therefore, cannot be construed to support Michael addition during the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine, but the results do not rule out such a mechanism. A hypothesis is offered for the seemingly disparate behavior of different pseudouridine synthases toward [f 5U]RNA.
Improving parsing by incorporating 'prosodic clause boundaries into a grammar (1994)

In written language, punctuation is used to separate main and subordinate clause.In spoken language, ambiguities arise due to missing punctuation, but clause boundaries are often marked prosodically and can be used instead.We detect PCBs (Prosodically marked Clause Boundaries) by using prosodic features (duration, intonation, energy, and pause information) with a neural network, achieving a recognition rate of 82%.PCBs are integrated into our grammar using a special syntactic category 'break' that can be used in the phrase-structure rules of the grammar in a similar way as punctuation is used in grammars for written language.Whereas punctuation in most cases is obligatory, PCBs are sometimes optional.Moreover, they can in principle occur everywhere in the sentence due e.g. to hesitations or misrecognition.To cope with these problems we tested two different approaches: A slightly modified parser for word chains containing PCBs and a word graph parser that takes the probabilities of PCBs into account.Tests were conducted on a subset of infinitive subordinate clauses from a large speech database containing sentences from the domain of train table inquiries.The average number of syntactic derivations could be reduced by about 70 % even when working on recognized word graphs.
Probucol Downregulates E-Selectin Expression on Cultured Human Vascular Endothelial Cells (1996)

Probucol, which inhibits monocyte adhesion, is a potent antioxidant to vascular endothelium in the cholesterol-fed rabbit. The accumulation of macrophages in the lesion is influenced by increased expression of specific adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells. We investigated the effect of probucol on the expression of cell adhesion molecules in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence or absence of probucol (0 to 5 mumol/L) and assayed for the expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin by cell-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Probucol significantly downregulated the expression of E-selectin on HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the expression of ICAM-1 was not affected. E-selectin but not ICAM-1 mRNA expression on HUVECs was also significantly inhibited by probucol in a dose-dependent manner. We also examined whether probucol affects cellular binding between the human monocytic cell line U937 and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HUVECs by using an in vitro binding assay and found that probucol significantly suppressed their mutual binding in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate a novel mechanism of action for probucol to reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions in hyperlipidemic states.
Diagnostics of GNSS-based Virtual Balise in Railway Using Embedded Odometry and Track Geometry (2019)

The use of GNSS in the railway sector has been postulated on the notion of a Virtual Balise (VB). The VB-based positioning system works by setting a VB point on the railway track and determining the passage of the VB point using the position solution from the GNSS receiver. Although augmentation systems such as SBAS or GBAS are able to satisfy the integrity requirements of the aviation standards down to the 10-7 level, it is difficult to satisfy the high integrity requirements of the railway sector because firstly the railway users located on the ground are affected by the ground environment such as terrain, buildings and tunnels and secondly because the stringency of the railway sector requirements extends below the 10-9 level. This paper proposes a method to detect faults in the GNSS solution due to satellite failure or local effects. Firstly, requirements for the monitoring performance are carefully derived accounting for the specificities of GNSS, namely that the possibility of consecutive VB faults cannot be discounted. The second contribution of the paper is the proposed detection using both odometry and track geometry of the onboard system. This enables to monitor all three-dimensional solution error so that higher sensitivity for the fault detection can be achieved. Simulations have been performed with both single and dual (GPS, GALILEO) solutions. It has been found that the combinations of metrics are able to achieve very small missed detection probabilities for mean failure rates from 5.0m/s down to 0.03m/s for most dual constellation geometries. The detection performance of the odometer implementation varied according to the heading of the train. On the other hand, when odometry and track geometry are used together, all the three-directional monitors can obtain stable results regardless of the heading.
Some Results on Linear Unbiased Filtering with Polar Measurements (2006)

The problem of tracking objects moving in Cartesian space with sensors delivering polar measurements has been under investigation of several researchers for quite some time now. Different proposals for using measurement conversion techniques in combination with a linear Kalman filter have been made. As one possible alternative approach, an (approximate) best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) has been proposed. In this paper, some of these approaches are reinvestigated by means of a common representation form for all covered techniques (that is, including the BLUE filter) that helps analyzing and understanding the general behavior of these estimators. Some noteworthy results are presented. It will be argued that the BLUE filter in its original form may be prone to yielding indefinite estimation error variance matrices and that later variants of this filter do not exhibit this behavior. A new initialization method for these filters will be derived
Evaluating randomness in cyber attack textual artifacts (2016)

Textual data indicators can provide valuable insight to identify potential malicious activity. There are various scenarios where cyber attacks will leave textual clues, examples include domain names, keys/passwords, text strings that are encoded in program files, etc. Several techniques can be used to evaluate if these textual clues provide useful information for the purpose of detecting attacks. In this paper, we aim at finding out whether the textual data can be considered human generated or randomly generated through computer algorithms. Here we specifically consider textual artifacts of filenames. As dropping/copying/creating files with randomly-generated filenames is a common behavior of malware, detecting this behavior through detecting randomly-generated filenames would help identifying a cyber attack. For this purpose, we discuss several features designed to differentiate randomly generated text from human generated text, where text is a filename, and then we build a classification model based on these features. On test data of 1 mil human-generated file names and 1 mil randomly generated filenames, our model gets an accuracy of 98.2940% in classifying human-generated filenames, and an accuracy of 97.8378% in classifying randomly generated filenames.
Novel Phosphonate-Functional Poly(ethylene oxide)-Magnetite Nanoparticles Form Stable Colloidal Dispersions in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (2009)

Many studies have concerned the colloidal stability of magnetite nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), but their long-term stability when such complexes are exposed to physiological media is still not well understood. This paper describes effects of different functional anchor groups, including one carboxylate, one ammonium, one phosphonate zwitterion, and three phosphonate zwitterions, on the structural stabilities of PEO−magnetite nanoparticle complexes in water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). While PEO oligomers bound to the magnetite through any of these functional groups remain stably bound in water, only the complexes with polymers bound through the zwitterionic phosphonates were stable in PBS. The stabilities of the PEO-magnetite complexes with these phosphonate zwitterions in PBS allowed for investigating colloidal properties of their dispersions as functions of the number of phosphonates per chain and the chain densities and molecular weights. In contrast to all of the other complexes studied, PEO−magnetite nanoparticles bound through three phosphonate zwitterions on one end of the PEO exhibited no significant change in size for over 24 h even when they were dispersed in PBS. The colloidal properties of all of these dispersions are discussed in light of their compositions and structures.
Community-based survey of paediatric diarrhoeal morbidity and home treatment practices in Finland (1998)

To determine total diarrhoeal morbidity and current home case management practices, a recall study was conducted among 345 mothers whose 406 children under 5 y of age had had diarrhoea in the past 4 months. The seasonally adjusted annual diarrhoea incidence rate was 0.48 episodes/child/y. For home treatment, increased amounts of fluid were given in 93% and oral rehydration solution (ORS) in 37% of cases. However, when given, ORS was diluted with other fluids in 41% of cases. More than half (55%) of the children received increased or normal amounts of food during the diarrhoeal episode, but 7% of the children were kept fasting for at least 1 d. Use of antidiarrhoeal drugs was minimal (0.7%), but products containing lactic acid bacteria were given in 44% of cases. Case management practice in cases of diarrhoea at home have much improved during the last 20 y, but are still not optimal.
Minority carrier lifetimes of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe on GaAs (1991)

Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of HgCdTe on GaAs is a promising technique that overcomes the size and crystal quality limitations of CdTe substrates. An important material parameter is the minority carrier lifetime, which determines the ultimate zero bias impedance and quantum efficiency of a photodiode. We present the first systematic study of the temperature and carrier concentration dependence of minority carrier lifetimes on n-type and p-type layers of MOCVD long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe grown on GaAs substrates. The temperature dependencies of the lifetime are compared with theoretical predictions based on Auger, radiative, and Shockley–Read recombination. Excellent fits are obtained over a broad temperature range, from 20 K to room temperature. The experimental lifetimes of n-type material reach the theoretical limit imposed by Auger+radiative recombination for carrier concentrations higher than 2×1015 cm−3. For lower carrier concentrations, the measured lifetimes are shorter than those predicted from Auger+radiative recombination, and Shockley–Read recombination must be added to the calculations. The lifetimes of arsenic-doped and vacancy-doped p-type material are Shockley-Read limited. They are one order of magnitude longer than those previously observed on vacancy-doped liquid phase epitaxy material.
Characterization of core/shell structures based on CdTe and GaAs nanocrystalline layers deposited on SnO 2 microwires (2018)

We report the fabrication and characterization of SnO2/CdTe and SnO2/GaAs core/shell microstructures. CdTe or GaAs shell layers were deposited by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on core SnO2 microwires synthesized by a flame-based thermal oxidation method. The produced structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (HR-STEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the SnO2 core is of the rutile type, while the shells are composed of CdTe or GaAs nanocrystallites of zincblende structure with the dimensions of crystallites in the range of 10–20 nm. The Raman scattering investigations demonstrated that the quality of the porous nanostructured shell is improved by annealing at temperatures of 420–450 °C. The prospects of implementing these microstructures in intrinsic type fiber optic sensors are discussed.
From Electromagnetically Induced Transparency to Superscattering with a Single Structure: A Coupled-Mode Theory for Doubly Resonant Structures (2012)

We observe from simulations that a doubly resonant structure can exhibit spectral behavior analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency, as well as superscattering, depending on the excitation. We develop a coupled-mode theory that explains this behavior in terms of the orthogonality of the radiation patterns of the eigenmodes. These results provide insight in the general electromagnetic properties of photonic nanostructures and metamaterials.
Effect of hyperoxia at 1 and 2 ATA on hypoxia and hypercapnia in human skin during experimental inflammation (1994)

Transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 measurements and estimates of skin respiration were monitored at different levels of inspired PO2 in 20 healthy adults during the first 4 days of the tuberculin reaction, a convenient model of acute inflammation. Hyperoxia at 1 and 2 ATA significantly increased transcutaneous PO2 levels in undisturbed and in inflamed skin but did not fully correct the relative hypoxia at the site of inflammation. Hypercapnia was reduced with O2 breathing at 2 ATA. The apparent rate of O2 consumption at the reaction site was raised during hyperoxia, most prominently at 2 ATA. The most intense reactions showed a central relative slowing of laser-Doppler blood flow indicative of microcirculatory impairment. The extent of the relative hypoxia and hypercapnia was greatest in these strongest reactions. The density of lymphocytes and monocytes in biopsies of 48-h reactions was loosely related to the corresponding transcutaneous PO2 measurements. The present study provides evidence that diffusion barriers, in addition to increased local respiration, can contribute to the apparent hypoxia and hypercapnia of this inflammatory model.
Quand la génétique redéfinit la physiologie (2022)

A major yet unforeseen consequence of the introduction of genetic approaches in the study of model organism has been to rejuvenate a biological discipline that had been progressively abandoned; whole-organism physiology. When it comes to bony vertebrates, it can be said that the most unexpected findings of mouse genetics are in the realm of physiology. Along these lines the four conferences that I will present on how an interpretation of bone biology taking into account evolutionary aspects, ...
Nylon-3 Polymers That Enable Selective Culture of Endothelial Cells (2013)

Substrates that selectively encourage the growth of specific cell types are valuable for the engineering of complex tissues. Some cell-selective peptides have been identified from extracellular matrix proteins; these peptides have proven useful for biomaterials-based approaches to tissue repair or regeneration. However, there are very few examples of synthetic materials that display selectivity in supporting cell growth. We describe nylon-3 polymers that support in vitro culture of endothelial cells but do not support the culture of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. These materials may be promising for vascular biomaterials applications.
Glycodendrimers based on cellobiosyl-derived monomers (2002)

Reductive amination of suitably functionalized trisaccharide monomers, based on cellobiosylgalacto residues, has made it possible to construct high-molecular-weight glycodendrons and glycodendrimers for the display of large bioactive oligosaccharides and proteins in a well-defined manner. Key words: cellobiose, glycodendrimers, reductive amination, trisaccharide monomers.
On-Chip Optical Neuromorphic Computing (2016)

We propose an on-chip nanophotonic system that do the neural network computing all in optical domain. Our system is able to give equivalent learning performance, while potentially achieve 3 orders of magnitude faster speed than conventional electronic neural nets.
Octa‐1,7‐diene‐4,5‐diamine Derivatives: Useful Intermediates for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles and Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis (2016)

The octa‐1,7‐diene‐4,5‐diamine skeleton is usually prepared by the addition of allylic organometallic reagents to glyoxal diimines. The relative and absolute configurations of the C4 and C5 stereocenters are dependent on the nature of the (chiral) nitrogen substituents. These compounds are useful intermediates for the construction of NHC carbene complexes and nitrogen heterocycles, such as 2,2′‐bipyrrolidines, 2,5‐diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, amino‐ and hydroxy‐substituted 7‐azanorbornane, and diamino‐substituted cyclohexanols and cyclohexanediols.
Reduced plasma ghrelin concentration in celiac disease after gluten-free diet treatment (2005)

The low plasma ghrelin concentration found in CD patients after GFD treatment could only be partially explained by the slight increase in body-weight and fat mass. Further studies are needed to better ascertain the role played by an incomplete functional or quantitative recovery of ghrelin-producing cells in CD.