gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Electrode Design on the Efficiency of Delivery of Radiofrequency Energy to Cardiac Tissue In Vitro (1989)

Four types of electrodes were studied with respect to efficiency of delivery of radiofrequency energy (HFE) and characteristics of the lesions produced in dog ventricular muscle in vitro. An imbeddable needle electrode was found to be the most efficient of the four types studied, with a lesion volume/energy‐delivered ratio of 1.10 mm 3 joule at an optimum power level of 2.8 watts and power density at the electrode surface of 0.45 watt/mm 2 . Lesion volume was linearly related to energy delivered at all power levels used below a power density of 0.64 watt/mm 2 , at and above which tissue impedance increased abruptly. The electrode catheter typically used for RFE ablations was the least efficient at 0.15 mm 3/ joule and a power density at the electrode surface of 0.50 watt/mm 2 at 6.27 watts. Masking 2/3 of the electrode surface with electrically insulating epoxy caused the RFE current to be directed into the tissue, resulting in a threefold increase in efficiency (0.46 mm 3 /joule) at less than half the power (2.79 watts). A flat, thermally insulated electrode with larger (10 mm 2 ) contact area approached the efficiency of the imbedded electrode with a ratio of 0.69 mm 3 /joule at a low power density of 0.19 watt/mm 2 and 1.85 watt power level. Characteristics of an “ideal” electrode for RFE lesion production in cardiac tissue are discussed.
Application of whole slide image markup and annotation for pathologist knowledge capture (2013)

This methodology allows for the creation of a highly reproducible image library of histopathology images and interpretations for educational and research use.
Discrete Clusters of Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs Are Associated with Complementary Strands of the Genome and the 7.2-Kilobase Stable Intron in Murine Cytomegalovirus (2007)

The prevalence and importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in viral infection are increasingly relevant. Eleven miRNAs were previously identified in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, miRNA content in murine CMV (MCMV), which serves as an important in vivo model for CMV infection, has not previously been examined. We have cloned and characterized 17 novel miRNAs that originate from at least 12 precursor miRNAs in MCMV and are not homologous to HCMV miRNAs. In parallel, we applied a computational analysis, using a support vector machine approach, to identify potential precursor miRNAs in MCMV. Four of the top 10 predicted precursor sequences were cloned in this study, and the combination of computational and cloning analysis demonstrates that MCMV has the capacity to encode miRNAs clustered throughout the genome. On the basis of drug sensitivity experiments for resolving the kinetic class of expression, we show that the MCMV miRNAs are both early and late gene products. Notably, the MCMV miRNAs occur on complementary strands of the genome in specific regions, a feature which has not previously been observed for viral miRNAs. One cluster of miRNAs occurs in close proximity to the 5' splice site of the previously identified 7.2-kb stable intron, implying a variety of potential regulatory mechanisms for MCMV miRNAs.
TIMP-2 Is Required for Efficient Activation of proMMP-2 in Vivo (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are synthesized as latent proenzymes. A proteolytic cleavage event involving processing of the cysteine-rich N-terminal propeptide is required for their full activation. Previous in vitro studies indicated that activation of proMMP-2 can occur through formation of a trimolecular complex between MMP-14, TIMP-2, and proMMP-2 at the cell surface. Using TIMP-2-deficient mice and cells derived from them, TIMP-2 was shown to be required for efficient proMMP-2 activation both in vivo and in vitro. The requirement for TIMP-2 was not cell-autonomous as exogenously added TIMP-2 could restore activation of proMMP-2 to TIMP-2-deficient cells. Mutant mice were overtly normal, viable, and fertile on the C57BL/6 background, indicating that both TIMP-2 and activated proMMP-2 are dispensable for normal development.
The promoter region of the human thyroglobulin gene (1983)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Impact of interocclusal contacts on infrared laser fluorescence in pits of sound first permanent molars in children (2011)

The inherently higher IRLF values of some sites should not be misinterpreted and trigger early invasive treatment.
Enhanced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Sporadic and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis of the Human Colon (2001)

COX-2 expression is upregulated in the adenomatous epithelium of SAP and FAP, while the COX-1 isoform appears to be constitutively expressed at low levels in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic regions. The differential expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in these neoplasms suggests that COX-2 rather than COX-1 may play a role in adenoma formation and/or growth in cases of SAP and FAP in humans.
TRANSPORT OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN RUNOFF FROMUNAMENDED AND POND‐ASH AMENDED FEEDLOT SURFACES (2011)

The use of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds for storage and subsequently dewatered) for feedlot surfaces provides a drier environment for livestock and furnishes economic benefits. However, pond ash is known to have high concentrations of trace elements, and the runoff water‐quality effects of feedlot surfaces amended with pond ash are not well defined. For this study, two experimental units (plots) were established in eight feedlot pens. Four of the pens contained unamended soil surfaces, and the remaining four pens had pond‐ash amended surfaces. Before each test, unconsolidated surface material was removed from four of the plots for each of the amendment treatments, resulting in eight unamended plots and eight pond‐ash amended plots. Concentrations for 23 trace elements were measured in cattle feedlot surface material and in the runoff water from three simulated rainfall events. Trace element concentrations in surface material and runoff did not differ between surface consolidation treatments. Amending the feedlot surface material with pond ash resulted in a significant increase in concentration for 14 of the 17 trace elements. Runoff concentrations for 21 trace elements were affected by pond‐ash amendment. Sixteen of 21 trace element concentrations that differed significantly were greater in runoff from unamended soil surfaces. Concentrations in runoff were significantly correlated with concentrations in feedlot surface material for boron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and uranium.
Mutation‐Specific Phenotypes in hiPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes Carrying Either Myosin‐Binding Protein C Or α‐Tropomyosin Mutation for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2015)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease, which affects the structure of heart muscle tissue. The clinical symptoms include arrhythmias, progressive heart failure, and even sudden cardiac death but the mutation carrier can also be totally asymptomatic. To date, over 1400 mutations have been linked to HCM, mostly in genes encoding for sarcomeric proteins. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease are still largely unknown. Two founder mutations for HCM in Finland are located in myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3-Gln1061X) and α-tropomyosin (TPM1-Asp175Asn) genes. We studied the properties of HCM cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying either MYBPC3-Gln1061X or TPM1-Asp175Asn mutation. Both types of HCM-CMs displayed pathological phenotype of HCM but, more importantly, we found differences between CMs carrying either MYBPC3-Gln1061X or TPM1-Asp175Asn gene mutation in their cellular size, Ca(2+) handling, and electrophysiological properties, as well as their gene expression profiles. These findings suggest that even though the clinical phenotypes of the patients carrying either MYBPC3-Gln1061X or TPM1-Asp175Asn gene mutation are similar, the genetic background as well as the functional properties on the cellular level might be different, indicating that the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the two mutations would be divergent as well.
ChemInform Abstract: SIEBENRINGVERBINDUNGEN 34. MITT. RK. ZWISCHEN DEM TROPYLIUMKATION UND DIENAMINEN (1970)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Tropyliumtetrafluoroborat (V) mit einem Gemisch der Enamine (III) und (IV), das bei der Reaktion des Naphthalenons (I) mit Morpholin (II) entsteht, führt zu einem Gemisch der beiden Tropyliumverbindungen (VI) und (VII).
Association of 1-Adrenergic Receptor Genetic Polymorphism With Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2008)

Our findings indicate an association between a common genetic variation in ADRB1 and myocardial ischemic response to mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease. This polymorphic genetic marker may help identify patients at increased risk for mental stress-induced adverse outcomes.
Effect of Large Particles on the Augmentation of Wall Friction in Vertical Pneumatic and Hydraulic Transport in a Turbulent Fluid (2007)

This paper is concerned with prediction of the augmentation of wall friction by large particles (Fp) over that assuming turbulent flow in a pipe without particles (Ff) for vertical pneumatic and hydraulic transport in a turbulent fluid. Our measure of this is the value of the ratio Fp/Ff. Equations 29 and 32 are derived initially for predicting Fp/Ff for large particle “parallel” flow pneumatic transport based on the supposition that the particle phase friction factor (fp) is solely a function of the Froude number, (gD)1/2/v where g is the gravitational acceleration, D is the tube diameter, and v is the particle phase velocity. The Froude number, gD/v2, is used to derive eq 40, its counterpart for hydraulic transport. These equations are shown to be qualitatively reliable and inconsistent only with the existence of a particle-free zone near the wall observed in experiments for large particle transport. To satisfy this requirement, fp is additionally assumed to be a function of the turbulence response parameter, tR/te where tR is the particle relaxation time, and te, the lifetime of the most energetic turbulent eddy. Equations 34 and 41 are our final correlating equations for Fp/Ff for pneumatic and hydraulic transport, respectively. When tR/te is large, the particle−wall friction coefficient (fp) goes to zero to conform with theory and experimental observations.
Impact of Precursor Chemistry and Process Conditions on the Scalability of ALD HfO[sub 2] Gate Dielectrics (2009)

The downscaling of high-/metal gate transistor devices requires thin-film deposition processes that deliver not only an outstanding high- oxide quality, but also a strict interfacial oxide thickness control in the sub-1 nm thickness range. To study the impact of atomic layer deposition (ALD) process conditions and chemistry on the quality and interfacial oxide thickness, we have used tetrakis[ethylmethylamino]hafnium (TEMAH) as a metal precursor and and as oxidants. The deposition temperature ranged from 285 up to , where TEMAH decomposition plays a role in the growth mechanism. Physical characterization and Pt dot capacitor devices have been used to study the impact of the oxidant and process conditions on the equivalent oxide thickness and gate leakage current of 2–4 nm thin films. By combining X-ray reflectometry and ellipsometry, we evaluated the Si/high- interfacial oxide layer thickness. Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy was used to determine the C impurity levels. Both the interfacial oxide layer thickness and the C impurity level in the stacks are strongly dependent on the oxidant. The temperature dependence of the C impurity level is opposite for and . Furthermore, regrowth was found for the process.
A study of ESD sensitivity in AMR and GMR recording heads (2002)

In this paper, the behaviour of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) recording devices "zapped" with increasing human body model (HBM) ESD currents was studied through quasi-static tests (QST), magnetic tests (MT) and bit-error rate (BER) tests. The threshold HBM voltage value sufficient to "magnetically" damage the GMR head was presented. The behaviour of anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) recording devices "zapped" with increasing HBM ESD currents was also studied. The relationship between the threshold HBM voltage, sufficient to raise the resistance of AMR head by 1%, versus the AMR areal density is presented.
Two CFTR mutations within codon 970 differently impact on the chloride channel functionality (2019)

Pharmacological rescue of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in cystic fibrosis (CF) depends on the specific defect caused by different mutation classes. We asked whether a patient with the rare p.Gly970Asp (c.2909G>A) mutation could benefit from CFTR pharmacotherapy since a similar missense mutant p.Gly970Arg (c.2908G>C) was previously found to be sensitive to potentiators in vitro but not in vivo. By complementary DNA transfection, we found that both mutations are associated with defective CFTR function amenable to pharmacological treatment. However, analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from patient's cells revealed that c.2908G>C impairs RNA splicing whereas c.2909G>A does not perturb splicing and leads to the expected p.Gly970Asp mutation. In agreement with these results, nasal epithelial cells from the p.Gly970Asp patient showed significant improvement of CFTR function upon pharmacological treatment. Our results underline the importance of controlling the effect of CF mutation at the mRNA level to determine if the pharmacotherapy of CFTR basic defect is appropriate.
Stem cell differentiation indicated by noninvasive photonic characterization and fractal analysis of subcellular architecture (2011)

We hypothesised that global structural changes in stem cells would manifest with differentiation, and that these changes would be observable with light scattering microscopy. Analysed with a fractal dimension formalism, we observed significant structural changes in differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells within one day after induction, earlier than could be detected by gene expression profiling. Moreover, light scattering microscopy is entirely non-perturbative, so the same sample could be monitored throughout the differentiation process. We explored one possible mechanism, chromatin remodelling, to account for the changes we observed. Correlating with the staining of HP1α, a heterochromatin protein, we applied novel microscopy methods and fractal analysis to monitor the plastic dynamics of chromatin within stem cell nuclei. We showed that the level of chromatin condensation changed during differentiation, and provide one possible explanation for the changes seen with the light scattering method. These results lend physical insight into stem cell differentiation while providing physics-based methods for non-invasive detection of the differentiation process.
Personalized prediction of the secondary oocytes number after ovarian stimulation: A machine learning model based on clinical and genetic data (2023)

Controlled ovarian stimulation is tailored to the patient based on clinical parameters but estimating the number of retrieved metaphase II (MII) oocytes is a challenge. Here, we have developed a model that takes advantage of the patient's genetic and clinical characteristics simultaneously for predicting the stimulation outcome. Sequence variants in reproduction-related genes identified by next-generation sequencing were matched to groups of various MII oocyte counts using ranking, correspondence analysis, and self-organizing map methods. The gradient boosting machine technique was used to train models on a clinical dataset of 8,574 or a clinical-genetic dataset of 516 ovarian stimulations. The clinical-genetic model predicted the number of MII oocytes better than that based on clinical data. Anti-Müllerian hormone level and antral follicle count were the two most important predictors while a genetic feature consisting of sequence variants in the GDF9, LHCGR, FSHB, ESR1, and ESR2 genes was the third. The combined contribution of genetic features important for the prediction was over one-third of that revealed for anti-Müllerian hormone. Predictions of our clinical-genetic model accurately matched individuals' actual outcomes preventing over- or underestimation. The genetic data upgrades the personalized prediction of ovarian stimulation outcomes, thus improving the in vitro fertilization procedure.
Online identification using radial basis function neural network coupled with KPCA (2016)

In this paper, we are going to propose an online radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm without any preprocessing step. Then a kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is coupled with the proposed online RBF neural network algorithm. Indeed, the KPCA method is used as a preprocessing step to reduce the feature dimension which fed to the RBF neural network. Reducing memory requirements of the models makes RBF neural network training efficient and fast. These two proposed algorithms are applied, with success, for identification of a mobile robot position. The simulation results present that the used sigmoid function as a kernel, compared to other kernel functions, which gives an excellent model and a minimum mean square error.
An application study about SMPS design and reduction of common mode noises (2009)

A switched-mode power supply (also called as switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or simply switcher) is an electronic power supply unit (PSU) that incorporates a switching regulator. This paper investigates SMPS design and a filter solution for common mode noises. At first, the design of an SMPS which has three outputs has been presented after that common mode noises have been determined and then these noises have been tried to be reduced by the filter. The experimental studies have shown that there is a considerable reduction in common mode noises thanks to designed filter.
Photoactive yellow protein: A structural prototype for the three-dimensional fold of the PAS domain superfamily (1998)

PAS domains are found in diverse proteins throughout all three kingdoms of life, where they apparently function in sensing and signal transduction. Although a wealth of useful sequence and functional information has become recently available, these data have not been integrated into a three-dimensional (3D) framework. The very early evolutionary development and diverse functions of PAS domains have made sequence analysis and modeling of this protein superfamily challenging. Limited sequence similarities between the approximately 50-residue PAS repeats and one region of the bacterial blue-light photosensor photoactive yellow protein (PYP), for which ground-state and light-activated crystallographic structures have been determined to high resolution, originally were identified in sequence searches using consensus sequence probes from PAS-containing proteins. Here, we found that by changing a few residues particular to PYP function, the modified PYP sequence probe also could select PAS protein sequences. By mapping a typical approximately 150-residue PAS domain sequence onto the entire crystallographic structure of PYP, we show that the PAS sequence similarities and differences are consistent with a shared 3D fold (the PAS/PYP module) with obvious potential for a ligand-binding cavity. Thus, PYP appears to prototypically exhibit all the major structural and functional features characteristic of the PAS domain superfamily: the shared PAS/PYP modular domain fold of approximately 125-150 residues, a sensor function often linked to ligand or cofactor (chromophore) binding, and signal transduction capability governed by heterodimeric assembly (to the downstream partner of PYP). This 3D PAS/PYP module provides a structural model to guide experimental testing of hypotheses regarding ligand-binding, dimerization, and signal transduction.
The Penguin Dictionary of Chemistry (2003)

A new edition of this classic reference work, with many new entries ranging from acid rain, aspartame and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to liposomes, mass spectograph and nematocide, more abbreviations explained and cross-referenced and numerous entries revised and updated.
Production of Insoluble Starch-Like Granules in Escherichia coli by Modification of the Glycogen Synthesis Pathway (2019)

Abstract While investigating the conversion of cellulosic biomass to starch-like materials for industrial use, it was observed that the overexpression of native ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase GlgC in Escherichia coli led to the formation of insoluble polysaccharide granules within the cytoplasm, occupying a large fraction of the cell volume, as well as causing an overall increase in cellular polysaccharide content. TEM microscopy revealed that the granules did not have the lamellar structure of starch, but rather an irregular, clustered structure. On starvation, cells overexpressing GlgC appeared unable to fully degrade their polysaccharide material and granules were still clearly visible in cultures after 8 days of starvation. Interestingly, the additional overexpression of the branching enzyme GlgB eliminated the production of granules and led to a further increase in cellular polysaccharides. GlgC is generally thought to be responsible for the rate-limiting step of glycogen synthesis. Our interpretation of these results is that excess GlgC activity may cause the elongation of glycogen chains to outpace the addition of side branches, allowing the chains of adjacent glycogen molecules to reach lengths at which they spontaneously intertwine, forming dense clusters that are largely inaccessible to the host. However, upon additional upregulation of the GlgB branching enzyme, the branching of the polysaccharide is able to keep speed with the synthesis of linear chains, eliminating the granule phenotype. This study suggests potential avenues for increasing bacterial polysaccharide production and recovery. Importance In this work, the polysaccharide stores of Escherichia coli were altered through the addition of extra copies of the bacteria’s own polysaccharide synthesis genes. In this way, bacteria were created that produced over twice the level of storage polysaccharide as a control strain, in the form of a granule that could potentially facilitate easy harvest. Another form of mutant Escherichia coli was created that produced over seven times the normal level of storage polysaccharide, and also grew to higher cell densities in liquid culture. In addition to increasing our understanding of glycogen synthesis, it is proposed that similarly modified bacteria, grown on inexpensive waste materials, may be a useful source of starch-like polysaccharides for industrial or agricultural use. In particular, the use of cyanobacterial glycogen as a carbon source for biofuels has recently been gaining interest, and the work presented here may well be applicable in this field.