gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variations in serum P1NP, BAP and YKL-40 levels after start of treatment for advanced prostate cancer and the relation to prognosis (2004)

4734 Background: The amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) are secreted by osteoblasts and are markers of bone formation. YKL-40 is a growth factor secreted by cancer cells and inflammatory cells. Increased serum PINP, BAP and YKL-40 levels are found in patients with advanced prostate cancer.The aim was to examine the variation of serum PINP, BAP and YKL-40 levels after start of treatment for advanced prostate carcinoma and the relation to prognosis. Methods: BAP, PINP and YKL-40 were determined by ELISA in serum samples obtained from 106 patients with advanced prostate carcinoma before and after start of treatment with total androgen ablation or parenteral estrogen. The median observation time was 5.0 years (range 3.6–6.2). 78 patients died. Results: At baseline all 3 biomarkers were significantly elevated (p<0.001) compared to controls. After 6 months of treatment the biomarkers were significantly (p<0.0001) decreased compared to baseline values (Serum P1NP: pre-treatment median (range) 156 μg/l (32–3112) vs. 6 months post-treatment 114 μg/l (31–1490); serum BAP: 51 U/l (9–2420) vs. 28 U/l (10–740); serum YKL-40: 133 μg/l (22–975) vs. 84 μg/l (20–484)). If serum PINP, BAP and YKL-40 levels at 6 months were log transformed and treated as continuous variables univariate Cox analysis showed that serum PINP (HR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.5–2.5, p<0.0001) and serum BAP (HR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.4–2.3, p<0.0001) but not serum YKL-40 (HR=1.3, 95% CI: 0.9–1.9, p=0.22) were significantly associated with survival. Multivariate Cox analysis including age, performance status, tumor stage, Soloway score, WHO tumor grade, and serum PINP, BAP and YKL-40 6 mths after start of treatment showed that Soloway score (HR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.8–6.6, p=0.0003), serum PINP (HR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.2, p=0.0017) and WHO tumor grade (HR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.6, p=0.0097) were independent prognostic variables of survival. Conclusions: High serum PINP or BAP levels 6 months after start of treatment with total androgen ablation or parenteral estrogen in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma are associated with poor prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Rate process analysis in the liquid chromatographic reactor: an application of the first statistical moment (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate process analysis in the liquid chromatographic reactor: an application of the first statistical momentChawn Ying Jeng and Stanley H. LangerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 7, 1489–1499Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00055a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00055a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analyzing the Range of Angles of a Solar Panel to Detect Defective Cells, Using a UAV (2019)

Solar energy is now a leading source of renewable energy that can replace fossil fuels. There are many solar farms in the world because it is eco-friendly and can generate electricity semi-permanently. However, these farms are costly with maintenance issues which require high-cost detection. Among various methods for detection, this paper adopts the method of thermal imaging with a UAV to detect defects efficiently. Especially, the power generation efficiency varies significantly depending on the installed angle of the solar panel. For this reason, it is important to consider the angle when the solar panel is installed. This work designs a system analyzing the range of angle between a solar panel and thermal camera to detect defective cells of the solar panel effectively. We developed an algorithm which detects defective solar cells using computer vision and captured out the meaningful outcome by analyzing the result of the experiment. The use of UAV and the thermal camera can reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of maintenance by minimizing human labor. In the future, our algorithm can be automated and scaled to apply to solar farms worldwide.
Biginelli Synthesis of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Phthalimide Moiety (2020)

A new series of novel Biginelli compounds, 5-benzoyl-substituted phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1−10) , were synthesized from enaminone, 2-{4-[(2 E )-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (IV) , which was synthesized by refluxing 2-(4-acetylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (III) , with dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) without solvent for 12 h. The compound 2-(4-acetylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (III) was obtained by reacting phthalic anhydride (I) with para-aminoacetophenone (II) in glacial acetic acid for 2 h. The dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing phthalimide moiety (1–10) were obtained by reacting enaminone, 2-{4-[(2 E )-3-(dimethylamino) prop-2-enoyl] phenyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (IV) , with urea and different substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid for 3 h. Simple and efficient method was employed to synthesize the dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing phthalimide moiety. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods.
KRALICEK QUICK TEST – AN ANALYSIS TOOL FOR ECONOMIC UNITS DETERMINATION IN LIABILITY DIFFICULTY (2014)

Reports are very necessary profitable tools in financial analysis that help financial analysts in the submission of the plans to improve profitability, liability, financial structure, reorganization, financial levers and interest coverage. Even though reports indicate more than last performances, they might be very predictable to ensure important indicators in the analysis of problems. Their intention is to feed economic units with valuable information in the general leading. Practical value of the reports lies upon the fact that two data, which are isolated from each other but each preserves its internal value, might gain a specific interest when being studied not in an isolated way but in the way of a comparison or relation. In this article, we have tried to highlight the role of analysis through financial reports in the prediction of paying difficulties. A very important tool in this direction is the Kralicek Quick Test. The reached consideration demonstrates weak sides of economic units and helps to reach the conclusion that which of the indicator groups can affect negatively in the general level of paying ability. By using Kralicek Quick Test, it becomes possible to determine the indication of two factor groups such as financial stability and efficiency with the meaning of consideration of financial state.
Reaction of Elemol with Acetic Acid/Perchloric Acid: Characterization of a Novel Oxide and (+)‐β‐Cyperone (2006)

Abstract The minor unidentified compounds of the acetic acid/perchloric acid dehydration of elemol ( 1 ) were fully characterized. The structure and relative configuration of the less polar fragrant compound 2 , named elemoxide, was deduced by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data including C,C‐connectivity, NOE, and NOESY experiments. The absolute configuration was established as (3 S ,3a R ,7a R )‐1,3,3a,4,7,7a‐hexahydro‐6‐isopropyl‐1,1,3,3a‐tetramethylisobenzofuran ( 2 ) on the basis of its preparation from elemol ( 1 ). (+)‐ β ‐cyperone ( 3 ), a known sesquiterpene, was also identified as a minor product of the reaction. A plausible mechanistic explanation for the formation of elemoxide ( 2 ) and (+)‐ β ‐cyperone ( 3 ) is presented.
Defective granulocyte chemotaxis in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (1971)

In vivo and in vitro studies of granulocyte chemotaxis were performed in three patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Rebuck skin windows showed a decreased accumulation of leukocytes at an inflammatory site. Studies in Boyden chambers documented a cellular defect in granulocyte chemotaxis. The chemotactic response of Chediak-Higashi cells by this technique averaged approximately 40% of normal and was consistently reduced using several different chemotactic stimuli. This deficit was magnified by shortening the chamber incubation time or by decreasing the pore size of the micropore filter and was independent of granulocytopenia. No abnormalities of passive motility, adhesiveness, viability, or pH optimum for migration were found in these cells. Chediak-Higashi serum contained no inhibitors of chemotaxis and was capable of generating normal amounts of chemotactic factors with the exception of one patient with the accelerated phase of the disease. Heterozygotes for the Chediak-Higashi trait had normal chemotactic function. This cellular defect in chemotaxis may contribute to the marked susceptibility to pyogenic infections which is so characteristic of patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone over Pd@CN: Role of CN precursor separation mode (2018)

Abstract The one‐step hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is green and sustainable. In this study, the effect of a CN (N‐doped carbon) precursor separation mode on the catalytic performance of a Pd@CN catalyst for selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in water was investigated. Three modes, i.e., rotary evaporation, centrifugation, and filtration, were designed to separate the CN precursor while preparing the Pd@CN catalyst. The results highlight that the separation mode significantly affects the phenol hydrogenation performance of the Pd@CN catalyst. The best catalytic performance is obtained when separating the CN precursor by the rotary evaporation mode. Based on a series of characterizations, it is confirmed that the separation mode of rotary evaporation can introduce more N into the mesoporous carbon, improve the Pd dispersion, and enhance the basic sites and Pd loading, leading to higher catalytic activity. Furthermore, the Pd@CN catalyst prepared by rotary evaporation exhibits better catalytic stability. Less Pd leaching is responsible for its slight deactivation. These findings can provide a point of reference for the development of Pd@CN catalysts with high catalytic performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Polycyclic Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. (2015)

Abstract The phenyl iodine dicarboxylate substrates (II) and (XI) can be easily prepared from the corresponding acids and PhI(OAc) 2 by ligand exchange and used in the photoreaction without further purification.
Factors Affecting Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1996)

Factors influencing Agrobacterium –mediated DNA transfer of P. vulgaris were examined using an intron-containing β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as a reporter system. Tissue culture procedures used were based on direct shoot organogenesis. Two A. tumefaciens strains, A2760 and EHA105, were used with more emphasis on the former due to its overall higher transformation rate. Ten bean entries including breeding lines and cultivars from both Meso-American and Andean origins were compared for compatibility with the two bacterial strains under different pre- and coculture conditions. Pinto `Othello' was extensively used in testing different transformation conditions. Factors found to have significant effects on transformation rate included Agrobacterium -host interactions, explant maturity, preculture and cocultivation conditions, as well as selection schemes, based on transient expression. Some factors, such as the effect of explant maturity and dark preconditioning of explants on gene transfer, have not been reported before. The best transformation conditions included the use of susceptible genotypes and mature explants, preconditioning of explants in darkness, followed by a maximum cocultivation period in the presence of cytokinin, and the use of high selection pressure.
Lung Nodule Classification With Multilevel Patch-Based Context Analysis (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel classification method for the four types of lung nodules, i.e., well-circumscribed, vascularized, juxta-pleural, and pleural-tail, in low dose computed tomography scans. The proposed method is based on contextual analysis by combining the lung nodule and surrounding anatomical structures, and has three main stages: an adaptive patch-based division is used to construct concentric multilevel partition; then, a new feature set is designed to incorporate intensity, texture, and gradient information for image patch feature description, and then a contextual latent semantic analysis-based classifier is designed to calculate the probabilistic estimations for the relevant images. Our proposed method was evaluated on a publicly available dataset and clearly demonstrated promising classification performance.
On the impact of incorporating task-information in learning-based image denoising (2022)

A variety of deep neural network (DNN)-based image denoising methods have been proposed for use with medical images. These methods are typically trained by minimizing loss functions that quantify a distance between the denoised image, or a transformed version of it, and the defined target image (e.g., a noise-free or low-noise image). They have demonstrated high performance in terms of traditional image quality metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), or peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). However, it has been reported recently that such denoising methods may not always improve objective measures of image quality. In this work, a task-informed DNN-based image denoising method was established and systematically evaluated. A transfer learning approach was employed, in which the DNN is first pre-trained by use of a conventional (non-task-informed) loss function and subsequently fine-tuned by use of the hybrid loss that includes a task-component. The task-component was designed to measure the performance of a numerical observer (NO) on a signal detection task. The impact of network depth and constraining the fine-tuning to specific layers of the DNN was explored. The task-informed training method was investigated in a stylized low-dose X-ray computed tomography (CT) denoising study for which binary signal detection tasks under signal-known-statistically (SKS) with background-known-statistically (BKS) conditions were considered. The impact of changing the specified task at inference time to be different from that employed for model training, a phenomenon we refer to as "task-shift", was also investigated. The presented results indicate that the task-informed training method can improve observer performance while providing control over the trade off between traditional and task-based measures of image quality.
Combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma.Prospective comparison of multiple drug therapy with L-phenylalanine mustard (1976)

A prospective randomized clinical trial was undertaken in 184 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma to compare single drug chemotherapy with L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and intermittent combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluourouracil (CMF). All patients had not been previously treated with cytotoxic drugs and all had objectively measurable visceral of soft tissue disease. Of the 93 patients who received CMF, 49 (53%) achieved a complete (14 patients) or partial (35 patients) regression of measurable tumor, for a median duration of 25 weeks. Eighteen of the 91 patients (20%) treated with L-PAM responded, for a median duration of 13 weeks. The toxicity was primarily hematologic, and greater in the CMF group, which also received more cycles of therapy because of the higher rate and duration of response. The overall survival of CMF-treated patients was superior to that of the single drug group. The differences were even greater when the patients were subclassified according to the presence of liver involvement or nonambulatory performance status. The superior antitumor effect of CMF over L-PAM suggests that it may be a more effective drug regimen to be used as an adjuvant to primary therapy.
Directing Liquid Crystalline Self-Organization of Rodlike Particles through Tunable Attractive Single Tips (2019)

Dispersions of rodlike colloidal particles exhibit a plethora of liquid crystalline states, including nematic, smectic A, smectic B, and columnar phases. This phase behavior can be explained by presuming the predominance of hard-core volume exclusion between the particles. We show here how the self-organization of rodlike colloids can be controlled by introducing a weak and highly localized directional attractive interaction between one of the ends of the particles. This has been performed by functionalizing the tips of filamentous viruses by means of regioselectively grafting fluorescent dyes onto them, resulting in a hydrophobic patch whose attraction can be tuned by varying the number of bound dye molecules. We show, in agreement with our computer simulations, that increasing the single tip attraction stabilizes the smectic phase at the expense of the nematic phase, leaving all other liquid crystalline phases invariant. For a sufficiently strong tip attraction, the nematic state may be suppressed completely to get a direct isotropic liquid-to-smectic phase transition. Our findings provide insights into the rational design of building blocks for functional structures formed at low densities.
Interleukin-2 significantly upregulates CD86 expression on T cells during cytokine therapy (131.35) (2010)

Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the most widely used cytokines in therapeutic applications, and its efficacy in the treatment of various cancers and chronic viral infections has been extensively tested. Several studies have focused on the impact of IL-2 on T-cell survival and proliferation. However, very few have focused on IL-2-induced phenotypic changes in T cells, although this is particularly relevant to cytokine therapy. To gain insight into this issue, we analyzed blood samples from patients receiving IL-2 therapy in order to elucidate the phenotype changes occurring in their T cells. A key finding was a marked increase in CD86 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Detailed characterizations of the corresponding cytokine-induced CD86 expression profiles on T cells were obtained in subsequent in vitro experiments. We found that the IL-2-induced CD86 molecules are unable to provide costimulatory signals to antigen-specific T cells during activation. Moreover while these CD86 molecules shown to have no binding affinity for CD28 molecules, their binding affinity for the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 remained intact. Therefore, it is likely that the IL-2-induced CD86 expression on T cells have a modulatory role on IL-2-induced inflammatory response and its related side effects.
Over‐expression, secretion, biochemical characterisation, and structure analysis of Bacillus subtilis aminopeptidase (2013)

The study presented a simple procedure for over-expression and purification of BSAP. The substrate specificity and structure information were indicated based on the characterisation and homology modelling. This will be useful for further research of aminopeptidases not only from an academic standpoint but also from an applied point of view.
Oxidation of the pnictogens, antimony and bismuth, by Bosea sp. str. WAO (2013)

Recently, some bacteria have been observed to grow when exposed to antimony but oxidation is not noted. No bacteria have been tested to grow on or oxidize bismuth. Both of these pnictogens, from group 15 on the periodic table, could support autotrophic growth by serving as an electron donor. Bosea sp. str. WAO is able to oxidize arsenic, the lightest metallic pnictogen, for autotrophic growth. Bosea sp. str. WAO was given different concentrations of antimony and bismuth in minimal media that would only stimulate autotrophic growth. Concentrations of the redox species of antimony and bismuth were measured by a modified antimony procedure and a novel colorimetric titration method to test for bismuth. The results showed a stoichiometric decrease in the reduced species of antimony and bismuth over time and an increase in the oxidized species. The concentration of Bosea sp. str. WAO was observed to increase when either antimony or bismuth had been present, showing that both antimony and bismuth could be used for autotrophic growth.
Development of the Finite Element Modeling Markup Language (2002)

The finite element modeling Markup Language (femML) effort is addressing the problems of data interpretation and exchange for intra- and inter- application interoperability in the Finite Element Modeling domain. This is achieved through the development of an extensible markup language (XML) variant for finite element model data that will permit the storage, transmission, and processing of finite element modeling data distributed via the World Wide Web and related infrastructure technologies. The focus of this work was to utilize the XML’s power of semantic encapsulation along with the existing and continuously improving associated technology to develop a dialect for exchanging FEM data across various codes with heterogeneous input format syntactic specifications. The main aspects of a finite element definition have been used as archetypes for defining the XML element taxonomy definitions. Namely, the geometry, the material, and the loading aspects of a structural component specification are used to define the first level elements of the associated Document Type Definition (DTD). The element list has been amended with a behavior element specification that represents the solution data to be exchanged or visualized. Various tools have been developed to demonstrate associated concepts along with the ANSYS set of tools.
Community detection thresholds and the weak Ramanujan property (2014)

Decelle et al. [1] conjectured the existence of a sharp threshold on model parameters for community detection in sparse random graphs drawn from the stochastic block model. Mossel, Neeman and Sly [2] established the negative part of the conjecture, proving impossibility of non-trivial reconstruction below the threshold. In this work we solve the positive part of the conjecture. To that end we introduce a modified adjacency matrix B which counts self-avoiding paths of a given length ℓ between pairs of nodes. We then prove that for logarithmic length ℓ, the leading eigenvectors of this modified matrix provide a non-trivial reconstruction of the underlying structure, thereby settling the conjecture. A key step in the proof consists in establishing a weak Ramanujan property of the constructed matrix B. Namely, the spectrum of B consists in two leading eigenvalues ρ(B), λ2 and n -- 2 eigenvalues of a lower order O(nε √ρ(B) for all ε 0, ρ(B) denoting B's spectral radius.