gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Channel Coding for Mobile Channels - Or Why Wasting Bandwidth for Error Detection? (2001)

We present a new channel coding system which combines error detection and error correction using a single high-memory convolutional code, i.e., no dedicated error detection code is required. Since the state complexity of high-memory convolutional codes makes maximum-likelihood decoding impractical, a modified sequential decoder –the Far End Error Decoder (FEED) – is proposed. FEED adds to the conventional sequential decoding procedure a post processing operation which allows to compute the path reliability of the decoded path. With this path reliability the first error in the decoded frame can be localized, thus, enabling combined error correction and detection with a single code. The advantage of the proposed scheme over applying a dedicated error detection code is demonstrated at the example of the GSM Fullrate Speech Codec. Although the Fullrate Speech Codec is by far not the most suited source coding scheme for our new approach, a gain of up to ¢ dB in SegSNR or £ dB in channel SNR can be achieved with a peak complexity equal to the standard GSM system. However, in average FEED uses a significantly lower number of operations. Moreover, FEED has a scalable complexity and is self-adaptive to varying channel conditions. 1
The Macro-Economics of Crypto-Currencies: The Role of Private Moneys in a Post-Corona Monetary Policy (2020)

Cryptocurrencies provide an important dimension of innovation to the evolution of the exchange medium we call money. There are now close to 2,000 such currencies, and their potential and volume is growing. The impact of such currencies for money laundering, law enforcement, and banking supervision have been extensively discussed on the transaction level. But this is the “micro” level of analysis. What has been rare is a “macro” level discussion of the impact on the monetary system of a country. Central banks, which are institutions tasked with providing monetary stability, will see their problems rise while the power of their traditional tools to control money supply and interest rates – such as reserve requirements and the discount rates – is declining. But the new digital technologies – such as distributed ledgers – and new approaches provide regulatory bodies also with new and potentially powerful tools. The task for central banks and policy makers is to create new approaches to use, regulate, and incent them in shaping the macro-economic path of their economy. The paper will propose several of these approaches. This is of particular importance in an economic recovery post coronavirus. In the process, central banks will also, predictably, issue their own digital currencies, and a tiny number of those will become global super-currencies. This will create a new type of issues.
Potentiale und Sicherheitsanforderungen mobiler Finanzinformationsdienste und deren Systeminfrastrukturen (2004)

Zusammenfassung: Mobile Push-Dienste helfen Informationen zeitnah bereitzustellen, was besonders bei Finanzinformationsdiensten interessant ist, da sie stark von zeitkritischer Informationsverarbeitung gepragt sind. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Finanzinformationsdienste um mobile Unterstutzung erweitert werden sollten, um fur Anwender und Anbieter solcher Dienste einen Mehrwert zu erzielen. Eine Analyse dieser Dienste zeigt, dass mit zunehmendem Spezialisierungsund Personalisierungsgrad der ubertragenen Informationen bzw. mit abnehmendem Zeitfenster zwischen Informationszustellung und erforderlichen Finanztransaktionen das Potential mobiler Finanzinformationsdienste zunimmt, dieses jedoch mit einer Steigerung des Sicherheitsbedarfs einhergeht.
Media QoE enhancement With QUIC (2016)

The demonstrated system is an online video streaming service using QUIC protocol as transport. Video buffer status information is gathered at the client side and it is transferred to the video content server via the object priority assignment method of QUIC. Our proposal is to utilize the priority information for congestion control (CC) influence as well. In our realization, the server extracts the priority information and utilizes it to adjust the aggressiveness level of the CC of TCP emulation in QUIC. The measured gain in initial buffering time (IBT) in the demonstrated system is in the range of 6-49% depending on the video properties and network environment. [1] shows the demonstration.
β-Silyl and β-Germyl Carbocations Stable at Room Temperature (1999)

Stable carbocations have been prepared at room temperature with benzene as solvent and tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TPFPB) as anion by the addition of solvated triethylsilylium TPFPB or of tributylgermylium TPFPB to 1,1-diphenylethene. These carbocations are stabilized by sigma conjugation with nonadjacent group 14 atoms and respectively constitute stable saturated beta-silyl and beta-germyl carbocations. NMR parameters, including the (29)Si chemical shift, the (13)C chemical shifts of the cationic, aryl, and methylene carbons, and the one-bond (13)C-(1)H coupling constant of the methylene group adjacent to the group 14 element, define the distribution of positive charge between carbon and (through sigma conjugation) silicon or germanium. The extent of hyperconjugation is estimated quantitatively by comparison with models. The NMR parameters indicate that the cations are open rather than bridged.
YAP/TAZ mechano-transduction As the Underlying Mechanism of Neuronal Differentiation Induced By Reduced Graphene Oxide (2018)

The results obtained indicate that both reduction methods of GO can determine the modulation of pathway involved in mechano-transduction and differentiation, by affecting YAP/TAZ localization outside the nuclei and increasing neuronal differentiation markers. This suggests that the mechano-transduction pathways are responsible for the differentiation process.
The molecular dynamics of long noncoding RNA control of transcription in PTEN and its pseudogene (2017)

RNA has been found to interact with chromatin and modulate gene transcription. In human cells, little is known about how long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with target loci in the context of chromatin. We find here, using the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pseudogene as a model system, that antisense lncRNAs interact first with a 5' UTR-containing promoter-spanning transcript, which is then followed by the recruitment of DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), ultimately resulting in the transcriptional and epigenetic control of gene expression. Moreover, we find that the lncRNA and promoter-spanning transcript interaction are based on a combination of structural and sequence components of the antisense lncRNA. These observations suggest, on the basis of this one example, that evolutionary pressures may be placed on RNA structure more so than sequence conservation. Collectively, the observations presented here suggest a much more complex and vibrant RNA regulatory world may be operative in the regulation of gene expression.
"TiPo" - a "Timed pointer" neural net model with superior evolvabilities for implementation in a second-generation brain-building machine BM2 (2003)

This paper introduces TiPo, a new neural net model with superior evolvabilities. TiPo neural nets can dynamically change their structure with each clock tick. This provides enhanced computability for highly dynamic functions, such as curve following. Curve following is valuable for applications such as robot motion control.
Gaussian Beam Interaction with a Planar Dielectric Interface (1974)

The problem of electromagnetic Gaussian beam scattering from a planar interface separating two lossless dielectric media is considered. Employing a modal plane wave expansion and the continuity of the fields across the boundary, the reflected and transmitted beams are obtained using the Fresnel approximation, and a Taylor series expansion of the reflection and transmission coefficients, for both polarizations. Particular emphasis is given to the beam shift of both the reflected and refracted beams, the change in width of the transmitted beam, and the behavior at polarizing incidence.
The triple variable index combines information generated over time from common monitoring variables to identify patients expressing distinct patterns of intraoperative physiology (2019)

Surgeries that share similar patterns of TVI expression display distinct patient, procedure, and outcome characteristics.
Low power microheater-based combustible gas sensor with graphene aerogel catalyst support (2015)

This paper reports a microheater-based combustible gas sensor with ultra-low power consumption (1.4 mW) using pulsed heating and novel sensing materials. High surface area graphene aerogel is used as a support for platinum and palladium nanoparticles. Pulsed heating (450 °C) at a 10% duty cycle yields an order of magnitude reduction in power consumption with no loss of sensitivity. Sensing response to hydrogen and propane gas shows promising selectivity and order of magnitude faster response and recovery times (1-2 s) compared to previous work. The results indicate a high level of flexibility in creating selective, low power combustible gas sensors using this microheater platform and catalytic material system.
A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS IN ARALAM WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, KANNUR (2016)

Climbing plants differ from self-supporting plants, such as shrubs and trees, in a range of characteristics. The most notable is the mechanical properties of the stem Comparison of the differentiated anatomical structures recorded in ten species of the climbing plants. The plants selected for the present study are Ampelocissus latifolia, (Vitaceae), Lygodium flexuosum (Lygodiaceae), Centrosema virginianum (Fabaceae), Tinospora cordifolia, (Menispermaceae), Wattakakka volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) Cyclea peltata (Menispermaceae), Calycopteris floribunda (Combretaceae) Pothos scandens (Araceae) Ipomoea separia (Convolvulaceae) and Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). The stems of climbing plants are characterized by the scarcity of supporting cells (fibers) and an increase in the diameter of the xylem vessels. The study con firms that they show a greater diversity of organization than other plant life forms. This anatomical radiation couldprobably not exist without the achievement of a wide range of secondary growth processes. Many dicotyledons, notably those with a climbing habit, show interesting secondary structure which differs from the more usual type described, therefore, sometimes termed anomalous. The variant secondary growth isparticularly widespread in tropical climbers. It is speculated that variant growth can increase stem flexibility, protect the phloem, increase storage parenchyma, aid in clinging to supports, limit physical disruption of vascular tissues during twisting and bending, and promote wound healing after girdling.
Phenol photonitration. (2002)

This paper presents some new data on nitrophenol formation from phenol under illumination, and reviews the studies performed on phenol photonitration, from its discovery in 1988 to the very recent elucidation of its reaction pathway by the authors. Recent experimental results account for the pH effect on phenol photonitration. The nitrogen sources so far investigated are nitrate and nitrite, which undergo photolysis upon absorption of near-UV light. These studies have given a relevant information on the role of both nitrate and nitrite as environmental factors. Such processes can take place both in natural waters and in atmospheric hydrometeors.
Clinical diagnosis of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (1982)

The relative accuracy of the Lachman test and the anterior drawer sign was compared in 107 knee joints with ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. In examining an acutely injured knee in a patient without anesthesia, the Lachman test was superior to the anterior drawer sign, but, in chronic injuries, both the tests had high diagnostic accuracy.
Feature selection using Sequential Forward Selection and classification applying Artificial Metaplasticity Neural Network (2010)

The feature selection has been widely used to reduce the data dimensionality. Data reduction improve the classification performance, the approximation function, and pattern recognition systems in terms of speed, accuracy and simplicity. A strategy to reduce the number of features in local search are the sequential search algorithms. In this work is presented a feature selection method based on Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) and Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) to estimate the prediction error as a selection criterion. Three well-known database have been used to test the SFS-FFNN with Artificial Metaplasticity on Perceptron Multilayer (AMMLP). The AMMLP is a new method applied for classification of patterns. The results obtained by SFS-FFNN with AMMLP in classification accuracy are superior than obtained by conventional BP algorithm and other recent feature selection algorithms applied to the same database. By these reasons the proposed method SFS-FFNN with AMMLP is an interesting alternative to reduce the data dimensionality and provide a high accuracy.
Peripheral tolerance of Th2 lymphocytes induced by continuous feeding of ovalbumin (1996)

We established conditions for inducing antigen-specific tolerance in Th2 lymphocytes by means of oral tolerance. Mice were continuously exposed to ovalbumin in their drinking water for a minimal period of 20 days and then immunized against antigen in either complete Freund's adjuvant or Al(OH)3. This feeding regimen tolerized both Th2 and Th1 responses as shown by diminished proliferation, cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and specific cytokine mRNA expression (IL-4, IL-2 and IFN-gamma) in vitro, as well as by absence of specific antibody production (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgE) in vivo. Conditions for generating Th2 lymphocyte tolerance were different from those required to generate tolerance in Th1 lymphocytes: these included extended, continuous exposure to high dosages of antigen, rather than a single or intermittent feeding regimen which was sufficient to induce tolerance in Th1 lymphocytes. These findings suggest that continuous oral exposure to a tolerogen may be a biologically relevant strategy to tolerize both Th1- and Th-dependent responses, and extend the potential clinical use of oral tolerance to ailments mediated by Th2 lymphocytes.
Power Grid Time Series Data Analysis with Pig on a Hadoop Cluster Compared to Multi Core Systems (2013)

In order to understand the dependencies in the power system we try to derive state information by combining high-rate voltage time series captures at different locations together with data analysis at different scales. This may enable large-scale simulation and modeling of the grid. Data captured by our recently introduced Electrical Data Recorders (EDR) and power grid simulation data are stored in the large scale data facility (LSDF) at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and growing rapidly in size. In this article we compare classic sequential multithreaded time series data processing to a distributed processing using Pig on a Hadoop cluster. Further we present our ideas for a better organization for our raw- and metadata that is indexable, searchable and suitable for big data.
Lipoteichoic Acid Up-regulates VEGF Expression in Macrophages and Pulp Cells (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent inducer of angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and edema. Up-regulation of VEGF expression in the dental pulp may result in increased intra-pulpal pressure, and contribute to pain and irreversible tissue damage. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an amphiphilic molecule from Gram-positive bacteria that has been associated with the pathogenesis of pulpitis. To investigate if LTA regulates expression of VEGF, we exposed mouse odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23), undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21), fibroblasts, or macrophages to streptococcal LTA, and evaluated VEGF expression by ELISA and RT-PCR. LTA induced up to a nine-fold increase in VEGF protein expression in macrophages, a 2.4-fold increase in MDPC-23, and a 1.6-fold increase in OD-21 as compared with controls. In contrast, LTA did not induce VEGF expression in fibroblasts. VEGF mRNA expression remained constant upon exposure to LTA, which suggests that VEGF regulation in these cells is primarily post-transcriptional. This work constitutes the first demonstration that lipoteichoic acid is sufficient to induce expression of a pro-angiogenic factor.
Supplemental Figures S1-S5 from An Effective Immuno-PET Imaging Method to Monitor CD8-Dependent Responses to Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S1-S5: Anti-CD8 immunoPET of 89Zr-malDFO-169 cDb in the OT-I adoptive T cell therapy model: transverse images (S1); Alterations in inguinal lymph node and spleen weights after differing immunotherapeutic treatment (S2); Anti-CD8 immunoPET of 89Zr-malDFO-169 cDb in the CT26/anti-CD137 immunotherapy model: transverse images (S3); CD8 IHC on untreated CT26 xenografts (S4); Anti-CD8 immunoPET of 89Zr-malDFO-169 cDb in the CT26/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy model: transverse images (S5).&lt;/p&gt;
Oxorhenium(V) Complexes with the Non-Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Histidine (2002)

Equivalent amounts of ReOX(3)(OPPh(3))(Me(2)S) (where X = Cl, Br) and L-histidine (L-hisH) in acetonitrile yield ReOX(2)(L-his), in which the amino acid monoanion is N,N,O-tridentate. X-ray diffraction work on both compounds shows that the three donors occupy a face in a distorted octahedron and the carboxylate oxygen is coordinated trans to the Re=O bond. The 2:1 complex [ReO(L-his)(2)]I is obtained by reacting 2 equiv of L-histidine with ReO(2)I(PPh(3))(2) in methanol in the presence of NaOCH(3). (1)H NMR spectroscopy indicates that these complexes contain one N,N,O-tridentate histidine anion coordinated as above and one N,N-bidentate histidine anion, whose carboxylate group is free. By refluxing ReOX(2)(L-his) in methanol, the carboxylic groups esterify and two octahedral units condense into an oxo-bridged dinuclear complex [ReOX(2)(L-hisMe)](2)O containing N,N-bidentate histidine methyl ester. The O=Re-O-Re=O backbone is approximately linear, and the two ReOX(2)(L-hisMe) units are related by a 2-fold axis through the central oxygen. Crystals of [ReOBr(2)(L-hisMe)](2)O consist of an ordered phase containing two of the possible diastereoisomers in a 1:1 ratio. (1)H NMR spectra of these crystals include two sets of signals, consistent with the presence of two isomers with C(2) symmetry, and the spectra of the nonrecrystallized material confirm that these are the only two isomers formed.
Two‐Photon Excitable Iridium Complex Containing Dipyrazolyltriazine as Cellular Imaging Dyes (2018)

In this work, the synthesis, stability studies, and photophysical properties of a bis‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complex with a push‐pull ancillary ligand are presented. The complex was found to localize in mitochondria and could be excited by a two‐photon excitation process under a confocal laser scanning microscope.
Sensitivity modeling of binary optical receivers (2015)

The sensitivity characteristics of optical receiver frontends for high-speed data communications depend on modulation format, detector type, and specific operational constraints. A general mathematical model of the receiver sensitivity that fits to analytical as well as measured data is required to compare different receiver implementations and assess the reliability of data links under varying received power as common in free-space optical communication links. In this paper, a new approach based on Q-factor modeling is presented, compared with analytical receiver models, and applied to a multitude of exemplary receiver implementations. A methodology is introduced to generally apply the model to ideal or practical binary optical receiver frontends.
A Nonlinear Behavioral Ferrite-Core Inductance Model Able to Reproduce Thermal Transients in Switch-Mode Power Supplies (2020)

More compact Switch-Mode Power Supplies (SMPSs) satisfying typical design specifications can be obtained by exploiting ferrite core inductors working in partial saturation. In this case, the inductance is no longer a constant parameter, since it exhibits a sharp drop as the inductor current increases. A behavioral model was recently proposed, which provides the inductance at steady state as a function of easy-to-measure quantities. Here, a generalization of this model is presented, in order to capture the inductance behavior also during thermal transients. The model fitting to experimental measurements relies on an iterative optimization procedure grounding on accurate SMPS simulations based on shooting analysis. The model validation exploits the envelope analysis method, particularly suitable for slow-fast systems. The obtained fitting results show a good agreement with experimental data both in transient conditions (after sudden variation of the SMPS operating condition) and at steady state. Finally, by partially re-identifying the model based on data measured when the inductor is cooled with a fan, we still obtain a good matching between model and experimental data.
Metal- and covalent-organic frameworks as solid-state electrolytes for metal-ion batteries (2019)

Society's long-standing energy demands have fuelled for centuries the quest for power-dense, portable and economically viable energy carriers. Since the birth of the first rechargeable battery in 1860, emerging battery technologies have provided both answers to these demands as well as additional obstacles. One ubiquitous energy storage device, the metal or metal-ion battery, offers quintessential examples of both. The strongly reducing nature of Group 1 and 2 metal ions qualifies these elements as viable energy-dense anode materials: standard reduction potentials several volts below that of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) allow a thermodynamically favourable oxidation of these metals to readily release electrons that shuttle through an external circuit, generating the electric current that serves as the power supply during battery discharge. Integration of energy-dense materials into devices allows power sources to be compact and portable, by maximizing energy output per unit mass of material. Further, the reversibility of these oxidation events makes possible extensive battery cycling, thus providing a rechargeable power source. Indeed, current Li-ion batteries boast an energy density of 265 Wh kg−1, with the potential of a 20% improvement, and are operable for over 1000 charge-discharge cycles.