gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of cellular immune responses with an optical biosensor: a new tool to assess nanoparticle toxicity (2009)

An optical biosensor was developed to monitor the release of inflammatory cytokines by cells, aiming at the assessment of nanoparticle toxicity in vitro. Combined with optical detection, a label-free immunoassay allows quantifying the chemokine Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in cell culture medium, and discriminating between naive and stressed cells. Parallel detection of several cytokines involved in the inflammatory process provides a reliable analysis of the cellular immune response to stress caused by foreign agents like nanoparticles. Fluidic channels between the cell culture and the detection device leads to an integrated detection platform, allowing continuous monitoring of cellular events.
Impact of HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus infection and viral proteins on adipose tissue fibrosis and adipogenesis (2019)

Objective: HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) often present adipose tissue accumulation and/or redistribution. adipose tissue has been shown to be an HIV/SIV reservoir and viral proteins as Tat or Nef can be released by infected immune cells and exert a bystander effect on adipocytes or precursors. Our aim was to demonstrate that SIV/HIV infection per se could alter adipose tissue structure and/or function. Design: Morphological and functional alterations of subcutaneous (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were studied in SIV-infected macaques and HIV-infected ART-controlled patients. To analyze the effect of Tat or Nef, we used human adipose stem cells (ASCs) issued from healthy donors, and analyzed adipogenesis and extracellular matrix component production using two dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture models. Methods: Adipocyte size and index of fibrosis were determined on Sirius red-stained adipose tissue samples. Proliferating and adipocyte 2D-differentiating or 3D-differentiating ASCs were treated chronically with Tat or Nef. mRNA, protein expression and secretion were examined by RT-PCR, western-blot and ELISA. Results: SCAT and VAT from SIV-infected macaques displayed small adipocytes, decreased adipogenesis and severe fibrosis with collagen deposition. SCAT and VAT from HIV-infected ART-controlled patients presented similar alterations. In vitro, Tat and/or Nef induced a profibrotic phenotype in undifferentiated ASCs and altered adipogenesis and collagen production in adipocyte-differentiating ASCs. Conclusion: We demonstrate here a specific role for HIV/SIV infection per se on adipose tissue fibrosis and adipogenesis, probably through the release of viral proteins, which could be involved in adipose tissue dysfunction contributing to cardiometabolic alterations of HIV-infected individuals.
Simultaneous determination of the effective stress coefficients for permeability and volumetric strain on a tight sandstone (2021)

Gas transport processes in low-permeable (tight) sandstones at elevated pore pressures involve a combination of fluid-dynamic (slip flow) and poro-elastic or rock-mechanical stress (pore and bulk compressibility) effects. To assess the interdependency of both processes, permeability experiments with gas (argon) were combined with volumetric strain measurements. The flow studies were performed under controlled effective stress (10, 20 and 30 MPa) with pore and confining pressures up to 30 and 50 MPa, respectively. The results of the permeability and strain measurements could only be described by the modified effective stress laws for apparent permeability coefficients (χ = 1.25) and volumetric strain (Biot α = 0.7), respectively. Measured apparent permeability coefficients (~10−18 m2) were implemented into a permeability model considering both gas and stress effects individually. A “clay-shell” pore structure model was used to describe the interrelated changes in permeability and bulk volume with respect to pore and confining pressure.
Nonuniform Isotope Patterns Produced by Collision-Induced Dissociation of Homogeneously Labeled Ubiquitin: Implications for Spatially Resolved Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange ESI-MS Studies (2008)

There is an ongoing debate whether collision-induced dissociation (CID) of electrosprayed proteins after solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) is a viable approach for determining spatially resolved deuteration patterns. This work explores the use of two methods, source-CID and hexapole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer, for measuring the fragment deuteration levels of regioselectively labeled ubiquitin. Both methods reveal that b-ions exhibit HDX levels significantly below that of the intact protein, whereas several y'' fragments are labeled to a much greater extent. These results are consistent with earlier source-CID data (Akashi, S.; Naito, Y.; Takio, K. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 4974-4980). However, the measured b-ion deuteration levels are in disagreement with the known solution-phase behavior of ubiquitin. Partial agreement is observed for y''-ions. Control experiments on homogeneously labeled ubiquitin (having the same average deuteration level at every exchangeable site) result in highly nonuniform fragment HDX levels. In particular, b-ions exhibit deuteration levels significantly below that of intact ubiquitin, thereby mimicking the behavior seen for the regioselectively labeled protein. This effect is likely caused by isotope fractionation during collisional activation, facilitated by the high mobility of charge carriers (scrambling) in the gas phase. The observation that the b-ion labeling behavior is largely independent of the spatial isotope distribution within solution-phase ubiquitin invalidates these ions as reporters of the protein deuteration pattern. This work questions the common practice of interpreting any nonuniformities in fragment deuteration as being indicative of regioselective solution-phase labeling. Artifactual deuterium enrichment or depletion during collisional activation may have contributed to the current lack of consensus as to whether HDX/CID represents a potentially viable tool for measuring solution-phase deuteration patterns.
The Temperature Dependence of the Infrared Absorption and Raman Spectra Due to Boron in Diamond (2002)

Raman scattering and infrared absorption characteristics of B-doped CVD diamond have been studied as a function of the temperature. First order Raman measurements show that the energy and the width of the Raman line depend on the acceptor concentration and, in particular for NA > 1020 cm—3, the peak becomes asymmetric. This is due to a Fano resonance interaction, already reported in literature for samples with similar boron concentrations. The dependence of the Raman energy on temperature is reported; it is shown that the shift to lower energy due to anharmonic processes can be described by the Klemens model. Raman data have been compared to infrared absorption results previously obtained. The Fano resonance is also observed in infrared spectra at 1332 cm—1 for samples with lower boron concentrations. The comparison of these features shows that two different processes take place.
Ultra-Wideband-Based Localization for Quadcopter Navigation (2016)

Micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promising to play more and more important roles in both civilian and military activities. Currently, the navigation of UAVs is critically dependent on the localization service provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS), which suffers from the multipath effect and blockage of line-of-sight, and fails to work in an indoor, forest or urban environment. In this paper, we establish a localization system for quadcopters based on ultra-wideband (UWB) range measurements. To achieve the localization, a UWB module is installed on the quadcopter to actively send ranging requests to some fixed UWB modules at known positions (anchors). Once a distance is obtained, it is calibrated first and then goes through outlier detection before being fed to a localization algorithm. The localization algorithm is initialized by trilateration and sustained by the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The position and velocity estimates produced by the algorithm will be further fed to the control loop to aid the navigation of the quadcopter. Various flight tests in different environments have been conducted to validate the performance of UWB ranging and localization algorithm.
External Quantum Efficiency of Electrochemically Prepared and Annealed Directly Stacked SLG/GZO/Cu2O/CuO Photoactive Layer (2018)

A strategy to enhance the copper-oxides-based photovoltaic's performance is to introduce p-type semiconductor layers with different bandgap energies into the photoactive layer to extend the absorption bands and to increase the quantum efficiency. In this research, the strategy has been realized by a directly stacked Cu2O/CuO photoactive layer that utilizes both copper oxides as light-absorbing layers. The directly stacked Cu2O/CuO photoactive layers were fabricated with a novel facile method of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of the Cu2O samples (prepared by electrodeposition) in air at temperatures of 473-673 K. EQE performance of directly stacked Cu2O/CuO shows widened absorption span at wavelengths above 630 nm under biased voltage was attributed to the light conversion from not only the Cu2O layer but also the CuO layer. Widened absorption edge from 630 to 850 nm can be confirmed further from UV-vis characterization as a result of the formation of the directly stacked layers. Although the XRD patterns show insignificant changes between different annealing temperatures, FE-SEM observation indicates the formations of the CuO layer on the Cu2O layer at approximate thicknesses of 20∼150 nm. In spite of the EQE values are still low, further improvements can be implemented. However, this research highlights that both Cu2O and CuO layers act as light-absorbing layers. This is proving the validity of the directly stacked Cu2O/CuO photoactive layer in increasing the rate of electron-hole generation through expanded wavelength absorption, which provides insight into future designs of high-performance photoactive layers.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 8-Aminoquinoline-Grafted Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) for the Recovery of Pd(II) from Highly Acidic Aqueous Solutions (2018)

A new adsorbent was prepared via modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate) with 8-aminoquinoline (AQ-PGMA) for the recovery of Pd(II) from solution. The practical application values of AQ-PGMA, including efficiency, selectivity and reusability for the recovery of Pd(II), are proved by the various experiment parameters. The parameters include HCl concentration, adsorption time, initial Pd(II) concentration, coexisting ions and reused cycles. The prepared AQ-PGMA showed a high adsorbing capacity for Pd(II) (up to 267.90 mg/g) when the concentration of HCl is higher than 0.4 mol/L. The analysis of the adsorption process indicated that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherms obeyed the Hill model. The Hill model showed that one adsorption site on the AQ-PGMA could combine 1.45 Pd(II). In addition, the obtained adsorbent demonstrated good regenerative ability and satisfying selectivity for the recovery of Pd(II). The adsorption mechanism was dominated by the chelation and ion exchange reactions between amines/hydroxyl groups and Pd(II). The experiments confirmed that AQ-PGMA was efficient for recovery of Pd(II) from highly acidic aqueous solutions.
Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines and Corresponding Tryptamines:In VitroInhibition of Serotonin, Dopamine and Noradrenaline Uptake in Rat Brain Synaptosomes (1980)

The structure activity relationships of tryptolines and some other beta-carbolines and tryptamines as inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) uptake were studied in rat brain synaptosomes. All beta-carbolines inhibited to higher degree the uptake of 5-HT than that of DA or NA(IC50's 5-100 times lower). The most potent tryptoline derivative was 6-hydroxy-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (5-hydroxytryptoline, 6-OH-THBC) with an IC50 of 5.0 x 10(-7) M at a 5-HT concentration of 10(-7) M. 6-Methoxy-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (5-methoxytryptoline) was slightly weaker; the inhibition of 5-HT uptake and DA uptake being competitive. Also tetrahydro-beta-carboline (tryptoline) was more potent than its 1-methylderivative, tetrahydroharmane (methtryptoline) or norharmane (beta-carboline). All of them were, however, weaker inhibitors of 5-HT uptake than the freely rotating indoleamines N-methyl-tryptamine (N-Me-T) or 5-HT itself. N-Me-T and 5-HT were also more potent inhibitors of DA and NA uptake than most of the beta-carbolines, DA uptake, however, was inhibited better by 6-OH-THBC than by 5-HT or N-ME-T. Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines may inhibit 5-HT uptake also in vivo but is unlikely that catecholamine uptake is affected.
Fast connection /reconnection of the VSC to the power network (2007)

The problem of the connection of the voltage source converters to the network occurs when the converter transformer is energized from the converter side. This paper deals with the main problems of the transformer energizing, and proposes the procedure for the inrush elimination, simultaneously minimizing the connection period. When a transformer is connected to a circuit, under certain conditions magnetizing inrush currents may arise up to ten times the full load current of the transformer. These currents contain a large amount of harmonic components and cause some relays to trip out. When the transformer is energized with the power electronic devices, these currents could destroy them as well as the DC capacitor. In this paper, the compensation of the magnetizing inrush current using a PWM inverter was discussed. The magnetic condition of the transformer is estimated and the PWM inverter generates compensating voltage. Direct flux controllers are used for the fast response. The validity of analytically obtained results is investigated by using the process simulation. In addition, hardware implementation for the compensator is accomplished to verify the simulation results.
EARTH’S FIELD NMR FOR REMOTE DETECTION OF OIL UNDER ARCTIC SEA-ICE (2012)

Remote detection techniques of accidental oil spills under ice are needed to support oil spill response in the Arctic. The various techniques tried so far have not been fully satisfactory. We present preliminary considerations of Earth’s field NMR (EFNMR) from the ice surface for this purpose.
Proactive thermal aware scheduling (2017)

High temperatures and fluctuating temperatures decrease component reliability and lifespan. This work proposes a proactive software-based thermal aware scheduler to lower core temperature and its temperature fluctuations. It proposes a Simple Time Derivative (STD) scheduler, which uses the time derivative of the core temperature as a predictor. Major heat dissipating processes can be identified by their usage of integer arithmetic, float operations and other CPU performance counters. The “hot” processes are put to sleep for a short duration, if the time derivative goes above an empirically defined threshold. This work evaluates STD using FFT, SOR, LU, and Sparse benchmarks of the SciMark benchmark suite running on a desktop computer. We found upto 5° C decrease in average/peak temperatures as compared to the baseline approach (without any thermal scheduling). The execution penalties only apply to the hot processes and not the whole system. For LU/Sparse the core stayed at 35° C or below for 100%/82% of time with STD vs. only 28%/19% of increase in run-time for the baseline. Furthermore, for the baseline the temperature went over 40° C for 16% of run-time vs. 0% for the STD. Holding the temperature lower has advantages in cooling energy reduction particularly when several systems are running together in a room or in a server system. We also compared our results against Simple Threshold approach. STD provided lower run-time penalties and energy consumption than the Simple Threshold strategy and marginally outperformed in terms of temperature reduction. This research provides insight into the temperature reductions possible using a user-defined software approach and the corresponding penalties on the hot processes. The approach can be combined with air conditioning management techniques in server production systems to reduce energy consumption for any job mix where execution time is not paramount. The reduction in temperature and its variations also increases reliability and lifespan of the CPU chip.
Cellular Senescence in Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders (2020)

Cellular senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest induced by repetitive cell mitoses or different stresses, which is implicated in various physiological or pathological processes. The beneficial or adverse effects of senescent cells depend on their transitory or persistent state. Transient senescence has major beneficial roles promoting successful post-injury repair and inhibiting malignant transformation. On the other hand, persistent accumulation of senescent cells has been associated with chronic diseases and age-related illnesses like renal/urinary tract disorders. The deleterious effects of persistent senescent cells have been related, in part, to their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by the release of a variety of factors responsible for chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix adverse remodeling, and fibrosis. Recently, an increase in senescent cell burden has been reported in renal, prostate, and bladder disorders. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of senescence and their implication in renal and urinary tract diseases. We will also discuss the differential impacts of transient versus persistent status of cellular senescence, as well as the therapeutic potential of senescent cell targeting in these diseases.
Folic acid deficiency induces premature hearing loss through mechanisms involving cochlear oxidative stress and impairment of homocysteine metabolism (2014)

Nutritional imbalance is emerging as a causative factor of hearing loss. Epidemiologic studies have linked hearing loss to elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and folate deficiency, and have shown that folate supplementation lowers tHcy levels potentially ameliorating age-related hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to address the impact of folate deficiency on hearing loss and to examine the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, 2-mo-old C57BL/6J mice (Animalia Chordata Mus musculus) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 65 each) that were fed folate-deficient (FD) or standard diets for 8 wk. HPLC analysis demonstrated a 7-fold decline in serum folate and a 3-fold increase in tHcy levels. FD mice exhibited severe hearing loss measured by auditory brainstem recordings and TUNEL-positive-apoptotic cochlear cells. RT-quantitative PCR and Western blotting showed reduced levels of enzymes catalyzing homocysteine (Hcy) production and recycling, together with a 30% increase in protein homocysteinylation. Redox stress was demonstrated by decreased expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase 4, and glutathione synthetase genes, increased levels of manganese superoxide dismutase, and NADPH oxidase-complex adaptor cytochrome b-245, α-polypeptide (p22phox) proteins, and elevated concentrations of glutathione species. Altogether, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia induced by folate deficiency and premature hearing loss involves impairment of cochlear Hcy metabolism and associated oxidative stress.
Tomographic incoherent phase imaging, a diffraction tomography alternative for any white-light microscope (2013)

International audience
Tungsten Oxide Mediated Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy of WS2 on Sapphire (2023)

Conventional epitaxy plays a crucial role in current state-of-the art semiconductor technology, as it provides a path for accurate control at the atomic scale of thin films and nanostructures, to be used as the building blocks in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, sensors, etc. Four decades ago, the terms “van der Waals” (vdW) and “quasi-vdW (Q-vdW) epitaxy” were coined to explain the oriented growth of vdW layers on 2D and 3D substrates, respectively. The major difference with conventional epitaxy is the weaker interaction between the epi-layer and the epi-substrates. Indeed, research on Q-vdW epitaxial growth of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been intense, with oriented growth of atomically thin semiconductors on sapphire being one of the most studied systems. Nonetheless, there are some striking and not yet understood differences in the literature regarding the orientation registry between the epi-layers and epi-substrate and the interface chemistry. Here we study the growth of WS2 via a sequential exposure of the metal and the chalcogen precursors in a metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system, introducing a metal-seeding step prior to the growth. The ability to control the delivery of the precursor made it possible to study the formation of a continuous and apparently ordered WO3 mono- or few-layer at the surface of a c-plane sapphire. Such an interfacial layer is shown to strongly influence the subsequent quasi-vdW epitaxial growth of the atomically thin semiconductor layers on sapphire. Hence, here we elucidate an epitaxial growth mechanism and demonstrate the robustness of the metal-seeding approach for the oriented formation of other TMDC layers. This work may enable the rational design of vdW and quasi-vdW epitaxial growth on different material systems.
AVAnTA – Automatische Video Analyse und textuelle Annotation (2000)

Ziel des Projektes AVAnTA ist die Erforschung und Entwicklung neuer Methoden zur syntaktischen und semantischen Analyse von Videosequenzen, welche der Annotation dieser digitalen Dokumente dienen, um die Grundlage fur eine inhaltsbasierte Suche zu liefern. Eine Annotation stellt eine textuelle Beschreibung des Inhaltes des annotierten Dokumentes dar. Bei Videodokumenten gehoren hierzu sowohl syntaktische Informationen z.B. bezuglich der Schnitte und der Kamerafuhrung als auch Informationen uber den Inhalt der Videosequenz. Der Annotationsaufwand bei einer rein manuellen Annotation betragt fur einen Archivar pro Stunde Filmmaterial bis zu acht Stunden. Durch die im Rahmen der ersten Projektphase entwickelten Methoden konnte diese Zeit um ein Drittel reduziert werden; vor allem durch Einsatz von Analysemethoden auf syntaktischer Ebene wird ein Archivar von Routineaufgaben entlastet.
ChemInform Abstract: Ambient Temperature Method for the Generation and Diels‐Alder Trapping of Benzofuran‐2,3‐quinodimethane (2,3‐Dimethylidene‐2,3‐ dihydrobenzofuran). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.