gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-layer magnetism and thermal stability in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (2014)

Thermal stability is one of the critical issues for applications of nano-magnets for spin-logic applications. Our work is focused on the thermal stability in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) for MRAM and STT-RAM purposes. Most of the research so far has been focused on p-MTJs based on CoFeB/MgO interfacial anisotropy as the sandwich structures with bcc ferromagnetic electrodes and MgO spacer have large magnetoresistance. It has been demonstrated that this interfacial anisotropy by itself is not sufficient to reduce the p-MTJ diameter down to 20 nm. To overcome this problem, we have proposed and investigated hard-soft composite structures: [Co/Pt multilayers]/ (non-magnetic element) /CoFeB/MgO, to control the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of the CoFeB soft layer by exchange coupling with Co/Pt multilayers having bulk anisotropy. Ta has been studied as the first non-magnetic insertion element, since it helps in crystallization of CoFeB by absorbing the B. The other elements studied as insertions are V and Zr, since they have low damping constants. A micromagnetic model has been set up on the basis of experimental results and ab-initio calculations to study the effect of insertion thickness and damping parameter on switching current density and switching time. To understand the mechanism of CoFeB/MgO interfacial anisotropy, low temperature scaling of interface anisotropy (K&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;(T)) and saturation magnetization (M&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;(T)) is measured, since at low temperature (T), K&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;(T) vs M&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;(T) scaling is sensitive to the details of the anisotropy mechanism. For the first time, we experimentally show that for CoFeB/MgO, K&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;(T) scales as M&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;(T) &lt;super&gt;2.2&lt;/super&gt;, hence indicating the two-ion type anisotropy as the dominant mechanism. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries)
Correlation between serum IL-1beta levels and cerebral edema extent in a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage rat model (2013)

Serum IL-1beta was related to cerebral edema extent in hypertensive ICH rats, which may eventually be useful as an indicator for progression of cerebral edema after ICH, and contributing to the choice of a treatment strategy.
Noncontact measurement of elasticity for the detection of soft-tissue tumors using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography combined with a focused air-puff system (2012)

We report on an optical noncontact method for the detection of soft-tissue tumors based on the measurement of their elasticity. A focused air-puff system is used to excite surface waves (SWs) on soft tissues with transient static pressure. A high-speed phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system is used to measure the SWs as they propagate from the point of excitation. To evaluate the stiffness of soft tissues, the Young's modulus is quantified based on the group velocity of SWs. Pilot experiments were performed on ex vivo human myxoma and normal fat. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method to measure elasticity and differentiate soft-tissue tumors from normal tissues.
Pneumocystis Pneumonia Associated with Infliximab in Japan (2007)

To the Editor: Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), is used in Japan for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis that is resistant to methotrexate.1 Methotrexate is used only for patients who do not have a response to or cannot tolerate other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, such as sulfasalazine. Infliximab is not used as primary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan. Strict postmarketing surveillance of infliximab and etanercept, a drug that blocks the action of TNF, revealed incidences of pneumocystis pneumonia in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis that were higher (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively) than . . .
Alle origini della scienza moderna: chi ha incastrato Galileo? (2001)

Using the mouse passive transfer model, the effects of purified human myasthenic immunoglobulin G and of the monovalent Fab fragment on neuromuscular junctions were investigated. Treatment with IgG markedly reduced amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials. When Fab fragments were transferred alone or with subsequent addition of IgG no neuromuscular transmission block was induced. Myasthentic IgG and Fab were specifically demonstrated at the neuromuscular junctions by immunohistochemistry. On electronmicroscopy endplate structure was normal in transfer experiments using IgG for up to 30 days. It is suggested that Fab fragments bind to acetylcholine receptors without affecting transmission and protect them from the attack of complete IgG antibodies.
Exploring AR poster as an interface to personal health data (2015)

In this demo, we present a set-up that utilizes augmented reality (AR) in a display set-up combining a public and a private display for presenting health related information. Our installation includes a life-size poster of a human body, which is viewed through a mobile phone camera viewfinder that augments different body parts with health related data. We envision that this kind of set-up could be utilized in contexts where informative posters or similar are commonly used, and where people would benefit from accessing personal wellness or health information, such as a gym or medical doctor's waiting room.
Comparative analyses of downstream signal transduction targets modulated after activation of the AT1 receptor by two β-arrestin-biased agonists (2015)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in essentially all physiological processes in mammals. The classical GPCR signal transduction mechanism occurs by coupling to G protein, but it has recently been demonstrated that interaction with β-arrestins leads to activation of pathways that are independent of the G protein pathway. Also, it has been reported that some ligands can preferentially activate one of these signaling pathways; being therefore called biased agonists for G protein or β-arrestin pathways. The angiotensin II (AngII) AT1 receptor is a prototype GPCR in the study of biased agonism due to the existence of well-known β-arrestin-biased agonists, such as [Sar(1), Ile(4), Ile(8)]-AngII (SII), and [Sar(1), D-Ala(8)]-AngII (TRV027). The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the two above mentioned β-arrestin-biased agonists on downstream phosphorylation events and gene expression profiles. Our data reveal that activation of AT1 receptor by each ligand led to a diversity of activation profiles that is far broader than that expected from a simple dichotomy between "G protein-dependent" and "β-arrestin-dependent" signaling. We observed clusters of activation profiles common to AngII, SII, and TRV027, as well as downstream effector activation that are unique to AngII, SII, or TRV027. Analyses of β-arrestin conformational changes after AT1 receptor stimulation with SII or TRV027 suggests that the observed differences could account, at least partially, for the diversity of modulated targets observed. Our data reveal that, although the categorization "G protein-dependent" vs. "β-arrestin-dependent" signaling can be of pharmacological relevance, broader analyses of signaling pathways and downstream targets are necessary to generate an accurate activation profile for a given ligand. This may bring relevant information for drug development, as it may allow more refined comparison of drugs with similar mechanism of action and effects, but with distinct side effects.
coronabambini.ch: Development and usage of an online decision support tool for pediatric COVID-testing in Switzerland: a cross-sectional analysis (2022)

Abstract Objectives To describe the development and usage of coronabambini.ch as an example of a pediatric electronic public health application and to explore its potential and limitations in providing information on disease epidemiology and public health policy implementation. Design We developed and maintained a non-commercial online decision support tool, coronabambini.ch, to translate the Swiss FOPH pediatric (age 0-18 years) COVID-19 guidelines around testing and school/daycare attendance for caregivers, teachers, and healthcare personnel. We analyzed the online decision tool as well as a voluntary follow-up survey from October 2020 to September 2021 to explore its potential as a surveillance tool for public health policy and epidemiology. Participants 68’269 users accessed and 52’726 filled out the complete online decision tool. 3% (1’399/52’726) filled out a voluntary follow-up. 92% (18’797/20’330) of users were parents. Results Certain dynamics of the pandemic and changes in testing strategies were reflected in the data captured by coronabambini.ch: e.g. in terms of disease epidemiology, gastrointestinal symptoms were reported more frequently in younger age-groups (13% (3’308/26’180) in children 0-5 years versus 9% (3’934/42’089) in children ≥6 years, 𝒳 2 =184, P =&lt;.001). As a reflection of public health policy, the proportion of users consulting the tool for a positive contact without symptoms in children 6-12 years increased from 4% (1’415/32’215) to 6% (636/9’872) after the FOPH loosened testing criteria in this age-group, 𝒳 2 =69, P= &lt;.001. Adherence to the recommendation was generally high (84% (1’131/1’352)) but differed by the type of recommendation: 89% (344/385) for “stay at home and observe”, 75% (232/310) for “school attendance”. Conclusions Usage of coronabambini.ch was generally high in areas where it was developed and promoted. Certain patterns in epidemiology and adherence to public health policy could be depicted but selection bias was difficult to measure showing the potential and challenges of digital decision support as public health tools. Strengths and limitations of this study We developed and maintained a non-commercial online decision support tool, coronabambini.ch, based on the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) pediatric COVID-19 guidelines around testing and school/daycare attendance. We performed a descriptive analysis of the usage data from the tool between October 2020 to September 2021 to explore its potential as a surveillance tool for public health policy and epidemiology. A follow-up survey measured comprehensibility and adherence of the online decision tool. The types of selection biases of the data were difficult to assess within this voluntary online survey system. Response rate of the follow-up survey was low and participants with high education and high health literacy were overrepresented.
β 2 -Agonists and Corticosteroids: New Developments and Controversies: Report of a Meeting in November 1990 (1992)

"β2-Agonists and Corticosteroids: New Developments and Controversies: Report of a Meeting in November 1990." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 146(6), pp. 1637–1641
Prion Protein Octarepeat Domain Forms Transient β-Sheet Structures upon Residue-Specific Binding to Cu(II) and Zn(II) Ions (2023)

Misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrP<sup>C</sup>) is associated with the development of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Metal ions appear to play a crucial role in PrP<sup>C</sup> misfolding. PrP<sup>C</sup> is a combined Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal-binding protein, where the main metal-binding site is located in the octarepeat (OR) region. Thus, the biological function of PrP<sup>C</sup> may involve the transport of divalent metal ions across membranes or buffering concentrations of divalent metal ions in the synaptic cleft. Recent studies have shown that an excess of Cu(II) ions can result in PrP<sup>C</sup> instability, oligomerization, and/or neuroinflammation. Here, we have used biophysical methods to characterize Cu(II) and Zn(II) binding to the isolated OR region of PrP<sup>C</sup>. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy data suggest that the OR domain binds up to four Cu(II) ions or two Zn(II) ions. Binding of the first metal ion results in a structural transition from the polyproline II helix to the β-turn structure, while the binding of additional metal ions induces the formation of β-sheet structures. Fluorescence spectroscopy data indicate that the OR region can bind both Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions at neutral pH, but under acidic conditions, it binds only Cu(II) ions. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that binding of either metal ion to the OR region results in the formation of β-hairpin structures. As the formation of β-sheet structures can be a first step toward amyloid formation, we propose that high concentrations of either Cu(II) or Zn(II) ions may have a pro-amyloid effect in TSE diseases.
Liquidity and uncertainty: digital adaptation of a complex intervention for people with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 lockdown (2023)

Abstract Background This paper explores the extent to which the implementation and evaluation of a collaborative care model of face-to-face service delivery for people with severe mental illness was viable during the first UK lockdown associated with COVID-19. The PARTNERS2 cluster randomised controlled trial and process evaluation were co-designed with service users and carers. The aim of this paper is to explore whether digital adaptation of the PARTNERS model for people with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 lockdown was equitable, in terms of fostering collaboration and trust in a vulnerable population. Results We collected qualitative data from multiple sources during lockdown and subsequently constructed case-studies of participating secondary care workers. We adopted Bauman’s notions of liquid modernity to inform our analysis, and identified that digital adaptation during lockdown was only successful where organisational policies, care partner skills and service users’ existing resources were optimal. Conclusion PARTNERS2 can be delivered digitally by a care partner to support people with severe mental illness to identify and work towards their goals when existing resources are optimal. However, at a time of increased need, we identified that people who are very unwell and living with limited access to resources and opportunities, remained disenfranchised at great cost. Trial registration ISRCTN 95702682, registered 26.10.2017
Improved Pt∕Au and W∕Pt∕Au Schottky contacts on n-type ZnO using ozone cleaning (2004)

UV-ozone cleaning prior to metal deposition of either e-beam Pt contacts or sputtered W contacts on n-type single-crystal ZnO is found to significantly improve their rectifying characteristics. Pt contacts deposited directly on the as-received ZnO surface are Ohmic but show rectifying behavior with ozone cleaning. The Schottky barrier height of these Pt contacts was 0.70eV, with ideality factor of 1.5 and a saturation current density of 6.2×10−6Acm−2. In contrast, the as-deposited W contacts are Ohmic, independent of the use of ozone cleaning. Postdeposition annealing at 700°C produces rectifying behavior with Schottky barrier heights of 0.45eV for control samples and 0.49eV for those cleaned with ozone exposure. The improvement in rectifying properties of both the Pt and W contacts is related to removal of surface carbon contamination from the ZnO.
A modular integrated pressure control unit for gases (1999)

A new concept for application specific realization of micropneumatical systems will be presented for the first time. It allows the modular integration of micromechanical valves (2-way, 3-way) and sensors (pressure, flow, etc.) for creating closed loop systems having minimized dead volume and response time. Following the smallest industrial standard size of pneumatic valves, the width of each component housing is fixed to 10 mm. The concept for modular integration has been successfully proved by building up a pressure control unit for gases. It basically consists of a microprocessor for digital control, two electrostatically actuated microvalves, electronics to drive the valves and a pressure sensor.
Glass detection and recognition based on the fusion of ultrasonic sensor and RGB-D sensor for the visually impaired (2018)

With the increasing demands of visually impaired people, developing assistive technology to help them travel effectively and safely has been a research hotspot. Red, Green, Blue and Depth (RGB-D) sensor has been widely used to help visually impaired people, but the detection and recognition of glass objects is still a challenge, considering the depth information of glass cannot be obtained correctly. In order to overcome the limitation, we put forward a method to detect glass objects in natural indoor scenes in this paper, which is based on the fusion of ultrasonic sensor and RGB-D sensor on a wearable prototype. Meanwhile, the erroneous depth map of glass object computed by the RGB-D sensor could also be densely recovered. In addition, under some special circumstances, such as facing a mirror or an obstacle within the minimum detectable range of the RGB-D sensor, we use a similar processing method to regain depth information in the invalid area of the original depth map. The experimental results show that the detection range and precision of the RGB-D sensor have been significantly improved with the aid of ultrasonic sensor. The proposed method is proved to be able to detect and recognize common glass obstacles for visually impaired people in real time, which is suitable for real-world indoor navigation assistance.
Secure neighbor position discovery in vehicular networks (2011)

In vehicular ad hoc networks, knowledge of neighbor positions is a requirement in a number of important tasks. However, distributed techniques to perform secure neighbor position discovery, suitable for highly mobile ad hoc environments, are missing. In this paper, we address this need by proposing a lightweight distributed protocol that relies only on information exchange among neighbors, without any need of a-priori trustworthy nodes. We present a detailed security analysis of our protocol in presence of one or multiple adversaries, and we evaluate its performance in a realistic vehicular environment.
In vivo Drug Release and Antitumor Characteristics of Water-Soluble Conjugates of Mitomycin C with Glycol-Chitosan and N-Succinyl-Chitosan. (1996)

The water-soluble conjugates of mitomycin C (MMC) with N-succinyl-chitosan (N-Suc-chitosan) and glycol-chitosan (Gly-chitosan), named N-Suc-chitosan-glu-MMC and Gly-chitosan-glu-MMC, respectively, were characterized mainly by the plasma concentration-time profiles of MMC after intraperitoneal administration and their in vivo antitumor effect against P388 leukemia and Sarcoma 180. Before in vivo evaluation, polymer-drug binding characteristics were checked by gel-chromatography. Gel-chromatographs proposed the covalent binding of 1a-(4-carboxybutyryl)-MMC (glu-MMC) with both the polymer supports. The plasma concentration of MMC showed that each conjugate released MMC in vivo at a similar rate. Kinetic analysis suggested that the in vivo drug release should be considerably faster than the in vitro release in the buffer, pH 7.4, alone. In the treatment against P388 leukemia inoculated intraperitoneally, Gly-chitosan-glu-MMC showed the highest increase in life span (ILS) at 10 mg MMC eq/kg. It was lethally toxic at the dose of 20 mg MMC eq/kg, while N-Suc-chitosan-glu-MMC gave the highest ILS value at this dose. Each conjugate exhibited a little larger ILS value than MMC. For the Sarcoma 180 solid tumor inoculated subcutaneously, the polymer characteristics affected the antitumor effect. Namely, with the intravenous injection, Gly-chitosan-glu-MMC hardly exhibited any tumor growth inhibition, but N-Suc-chitosan-glu-MMC showed significant tumor growth suppression. As to the intratumoral administration, the tendency to suppress tumor growth was observed in MMC and both the conjugates.
H2 Evolution from H2O via O–H Oxidative Addition Across a 9,10-Diboraanthracene (2020)

The boron-centered water reactivity of the boroauride complex ([Au(B2P2)][K(18-c-6)]; (B2P2, 9,10-bis(2-(diisopropylphosphino)- phenyl)-9,10-dihydroboranthrene) and its corresponding twoelectron oxidized complex, Au(B2P2)Cl, are presented. The tolerance of Au(B2P2)Cl towards H2O was demonstrated and subsequent hydroxide/chloride exchange was acheived in the presence of H2O and triethylamine to afford Au(B2P2)OH. Au(B2P2)]Cl and [Au(B2P2)]OH are poor Lewis acids as judged by the Gutmann-Becket method, with [Au(B2P2)]OH displaying facile hydroxide exchange between B atoms of the DBA ring as evidenced by variable temperature 31P NMR and low temperature 1H and 11B NMR. The reaction of the reduced boroauride complex [Au(B2P2)]– with 1 equivalent of H2O produces a hydride/hydroxide product, [Au(B2P2)(H)(OH)]–, that, upon addition of a second equivalent of H2O, rapidly evolves H2 to yield the dihydroxide compound, [Au(B2P2)(OH)2]–. [Au(B2P2)]Cl can be regenerated from [Au(B2P2)(OH)2]– via HCl·Et2O, providing a synthetic cycle for H2 evolution from H2O enabled by O–H oxidative addition at a diboraanthracene unit.
THE EVOLUTION OF SIX SIGMA (2000)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsGerald J. Hahn Is Manager, Applied Statistics Program, GE Corporate Research and Development. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the American Society for Quality, and a GE Coolidge Fellow Necip Doganaksoy Is a Quality Program Manager at GE Corporate Research and Development. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association Roger Hoerl Is the Quality Leader of the GE Corporate Audit Staff. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Quality and the American Statistical Association.
Serving Our Research and Professional Communities Par Excellence [From the Editor] (2012)

I began writing this editorial while attending the IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multisensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), held 13-16 December 2011 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Attending a workshop or a conference is always a professionally rewarding experience. In addition to socializing with colleagues as well as new (and old) friends from all over the world in a relaxing atmosphere, listening to keynote, regular oral, and poster presentations on new advances in the field was most rewarding and inspiring to me.
Intracellular mitochondrial diversity in various strains of Saccgarintces cerevisiae. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.