gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro granulopoiesis in oligoblastic leukaemia: prognostic value, characterization and serial cloning of bone marrow colony and cluster forming cells in agar culture. (1979)

The colony and cluster forming capacity of bone marrow cells (BM CFC and CluFC) in agar culture, was studied from 20 oligoblastic patients. 13 patients had a leukemic growth pattern and 12 of these died within one year after diagnosis. 7 patients had no leukemic growth and 4 are alive 16 to 90 months after diagnosis. Both the determination of the proportion of abnormally light buoyant density of CFC and CluFC and the study of their suiciding index were used to characterize more precisely the leukemic or nonleukemic status of patients. Because of the small number of patients involved in the later preliminary study, the prognostic significance cannot be valuated. Serial studies of individual patients showed different types of evolution in the growth pattern of BM CFC and CluFC. Either the increase of BM CFC and CluFC paralleled that of the myeloblasts, or there was a change in the growth pattern before AML transformation suggesting clonal evolution.
X-band GaAs monolithic voltage controlled oscillator (1982)

A monolithic 8.8-10GHz GaAs FET voltage-controlled oscillator, with the MESFET, tuning varactors, bypass capacitors, tuning inductors and isolation resistors, fully integrated on a single 1.1mm × 1.2mm chip, will be covered.
Weighted kappa: Nominal scale agreement provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. (1968)

A previously described coefficient of agreement for nominal scales, kappa, treats all disagreements equally. A generalization to weighted kappa (Kw) is presented. The Kw provides for the incorpation of ratio-scaled degrees of disagreement (or agreement) to each of the cells of the k * k table of joi
Understanding the forbidden pitch and assist feature placement (2002)

Optical proximity effect is a well-known phenomenon in photolithography. Such an effect results from the structural interaction between the main feature and the neighboring features. Recent observations have shown that such structural interactions not only affect the critical dimension of the main feature at the image plane, but also the exposure latitude of the main feature. In this paper, it has been shown that the variation of the critical dimension as well as the exposure latitude of the main feature is a direct consequence of light field interference between the main feature and the neighboring features. Depending on the phase of the field produced by the neighboring features, the main feature critical dimension and exposure latitude can be improved by constructive light field interference, or degraded by destructive light field interference. The phase of the field produced by the neighboring features can be shown to be in the location where the field produced by the neighboring features can be shown to be dependent on the pitch as well as the illumination angle. For a given illumination, the forbidden pitch lies in the location where the field produced by the neighboring features interferes with the field of the main feature destructively. The theoretical analysis given here offers the tool to map out the forbidden pitch locations for any feature size and illumination conditions. More importantly, it provides the theoretical ground for illumination design in order to suppress the forbidden pitch phenomenon, and for scattering bar placement to achieve optimal performance as well.
Indole Derivatives Sustain Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Long-Term Culture (2008)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which have characteristics such as self-renewal, indefinite proliferation, and pluripotency, are thought to hold great promise for regenerative medicine. ESCs are generally cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) or MEF conditioned medium (MEF-CM). However, for therapeutic applications, it is preferable for ESCs to be cultured under chemically defined conditions. Here, we report synthetic compounds that allow expansion of undifferentiated mouse ESCs in the absence of MEF, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF), and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). ESCs cultured for more than 30 d in a serum-free medium supplemented with indole derivertives retained their characteristic morphology and expressed markers such as SSEA-1, OCT3/4, Rex-1, Sox2, and Nanog. They consistently differentiated into many types of cells, including neurons, muscle cells, and hepatocytes. These results indicate that our compounds provide a more efficient and safer large-scale culture system for pluripotent ESCs, and hence might contribute to the use of ESCs in therapeutic applications.
Heterodimer-Loaded Erythrocytes as Bioreactors for Slow Delivery of the Antiviral Drug Azidothymidine and the Antimycobacterial Drug Ethambutol (1999)

Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) remains the most common serious bacterial infection in patients with advanced AIDS. The organisms that make up this complex are found ubiquitously in the environment, yet rarely cause disseminated disease in nonimmunocompromised human patients; on the contrary, up to 50% of patients with AIDS may ultimately develop the pathology. Hence, therapeutic strategies able to inhibit HIV and Mycobacterium replication are needed. Because of the rapid plasma elimination and toxicity of the most commonly used drugs, daily multiple-drug therapies must often be continued throughout life, frequently causing major side effects and, as a consequence, poor patient compliance. Therefore, alternative strategies that reduce the toxicity of the drugs and allow prolonged application intervals are sorely needed. Since erythrocytes (RBCs) can behave as bioreactors able to convert impermeant prodrugs to membrane-releasable active drugs, new compounds (AZTpEMB, AZTpEMBpAZT, and AZTp2EMB) consisting of both an antiretroviral and an antimicrobial drug were designed and synthesized. Among these, only AZTp2EMB was hydrolyzed by erythrocyte enzymes and could be encapsulated inside RBCs. AZTp2EMB-loaded RBCs slowly released AZT and EMB in culture medium, reducing its concentration by one-half about every 48 hr of incubation at 37 degrees C. Moreover, when AZTp2EMB-loaded erythrocytes were incubated for 6 days in the presence of human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) a marked bactericidal effect (>1 log) was observed. Thus, AZTp2EMB-loaded erythrocytes could be used as endogenous bioreactors for AZT and EMB delivery in the treatment of HIV and M. avium infection.
Planarized un-entangled carbon nanotube arrays. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Gene Expression Profiling Identifies BAX-δ as a Novel Tumor Antigen in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2005)

The identification of new tumor-associated antigens (TAA) is critical for the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly in diseases like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), where few target epitopes are known. To accelerate the identification of novel TAA in B-ALL, we used a combination of expression profiling and reverse immunology. We compared gene expression profiles of primary B-ALL cells with their normal counterparts, B-cell precursors. Genes differentially expressed by B-ALL cells included many previously identified as TAA in other malignancies. Within this set of overexpressed genes, we focused on those that may be functionally important to the cancer cell. The apoptosis-related molecule, BAX, was highly correlated with the ALL class distinction. Therefore, we evaluated BAX and its isoforms as potential TAA. Peptides from the isoform BAX-delta bound with high affinity to HLA-A*0201 and HLA-DR1. CD8+ CTLs specific for BAX-delta epitopes or their heteroclitic peptides could be expanded from normal donors. BAX-delta-specific T cells lysed peptide-pulsed targets and BAX-delta-expressing leukemia cells in a MHC-restricted fashion. Moreover, primary B-ALL cells were recognized by BAX-delta-specific CTL, indicating that this antigen is naturally processed and presented by tumor cells. This study suggests that (a) BAX-delta may serve as a widely expressed TAA in B-ALL and (b) gene expression profiling can be a generalizable tool to identify immunologic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
OFF-DESIGN PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS INCREASE HOT-GAS EXPANDER RELIABILITY (1998)

Off-design performance evaluations of hot-gas expanders help operators improve the operating reliability of their power-recovery systems and processing plants. Although rotating machinery performs efficiently within design conditions, design conditions do not always exist. Off-design conditions occur when operating conditions are different from design conditions. Analysis of the off-design performance of an FCC hot-gas expanders was performed at the Sinopec Jinan oil refinery (JOR). An analysis based on velocity diagrams and performance curves is necessary and valuable to determine the effect of off-design conditions.
Enhanced higher temperature (20–30 K) transport properties and irreversibility field in nano-Dy2O3 doped advanced internal Mg infiltration processed MgB2 composites (2014)

A series of MgB2 superconducting composite strands co-doped with Dy2O3 and C was prepared via an advanced internal Mg infiltration (AIMI) route. The transport properties and MgB2 layer growth were studied in terms of the Dy2O3 doping level, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Transport studies showed that both critical current densities, Jcs, and irreversibility fields, Birrs, were increased with Dy2O3 doping. The highest layer Jc was 1.35 × 105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T, 30% higher than that of the best AIMI wires without Dy2O3 doping. The highest “non-barrier” Jc reached 3.6 × 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T, which was among the best results reported so far. The improvements were even more pronounced at higher temperatures where the field at which the layer Jc reached 104 A/cm2 was pushed out by 0.9 T at 20 K, 1.2 T at 25 K, and 1.4 T at 30 K. While little or no enhancement in Birr was seen at 10 K and 15 K, the increases in Jc at higher temperatures were consistent with observed increases in Birr of 17% at 20 K, 44% at 25 K, and 400% at 30 K. Also, there were some indications that the reaction and layer growth of MgB2 were enhanced by Dy2O3 doping.
SPECT Perfusion Imaging Demonstrates Improvement of Traumatic Brain Injury With Transcranial Near-infrared Laser Phototherapy. (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing health concern affecting civilians and military personnel. Near-infrared (NIR) light has shown benefits in animal models and human trials for stroke and in animal models for TBI. Diodes emitting low-level NIR often have lacked therapeutic efficacy, perhaps failing to deliver sufficient radiant energy to the necessary depth. In this case report, a patient with moderate TBI documented in anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) received 20 NIR treatments in the course of 2 mo using a high-power NIR laser. Symptoms were monitored by clinical examination and a novel patient diary system specifically designed for this patient population. Clinical application of these levels of infrared energy for this patient with TBI yielded highly favorable outcomes with decreased depression, anxiety, headache, and insomnia, whereas cognition and quality of life improved. Neurological function appeared to improve based on changes in the SPECT by quantitative analysis. NIR in the power range of 10-15 W at 810 and 980 nm can safely and effectively treat chronic symptoms of TBI.
In Vitro Validation of Regional Circumferential Strain Assessment in a Phantom Aortic Model Using Cine Displacement Encoding With Stimulated Echoes MRI (2021)

2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Determination of nonlinear coefficient n 2 / A eff using self-aligned interferometer andFaraday mirror (2000)

A method for measuring the nonlinear coefficient n2/Aeff in telecom fibres at 1550 nm is presented. The method is based on determining the Kerr phase shift detected by a self-aligned interferometer incorporating a Faraday mirror. This makes the setup very robust, and different test fibres can be measured without the need for any further readjustments.
Reservoir Computing for Early Stage Alzheimer’s Disease Detection (2022)

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have amassed unprecedented success in information processing ranging from image recognition to time series prediction. The success can largely be attributed to the availability of large datasets for training and the increased complexity of the models. Unfortunately, for some applications only a limited amount of samples is available for training. Fewer training samples increases the risk of over-fitting and poor generalization especially in high complexity models. Moreover, complex models with a large number of trainable parameters require more energy to train and optimize compared to simpler ones. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we propose the first use of ANNs for Early Stage Alzheimer Disease classification (ES-AD) from the handwriting (HW). We propose using a framework for building Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) known as Reservoir Computing (RC), both numerically and experimentally, that simplifies training by optimizing the output layer only. We also propose the Bidirectional Long Term Short Term (BiLSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) methods for the sake of comparison. For a fairer comparison, we not only consider the accuracies but also the energy costs incurred to obtain the respective accuracies in order to assess the accuracy-efficiency trade-off. Our numerical and experimental results show that RC yields a classification accuracy of 85%, which is 3% worse than that of BiLSTM and 2% better than that of CNN, at a relatively lower training and significantly lower inference costs. We hope that our findings highlight the importance of examining the accuracy-efficiency trade-off of various models in the community in order to reduce the overall impact of ANNs training on the environment.
The preparation and crystallization of Fab fragments of a family of mouse esterolytic catalytic antibodies and their complexes with a transition-state analogue (2001)

The Fab fragments of a family of mouse esterolytic monoclonal antibodies MS6-12, MS6-126 and MS6-164 have been obtained by digestion of whole antibodies with papain, purified and crystallized in a range of different forms either alone or in complex with a transition-state analogue. The crystals diffract X-rays to resolutions between 2.1 and 1.2 A and are suitable for structural studies. The determination of these structures could be important in understanding the different catalytic power of each of these related catalytic antibodies.
Cardioprotective factors against myocardial infarction selected in vivo from an AAV secretome library (2022)

Therapies for patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure are urgently needed, in light of the breadth of these conditions and lack of curative treatments. To systematically identify previously unidentified cardioactive biologicals in an unbiased manner in vivo, we developed cardiac FunSel, a method for the systematic, functional selection of effective factors using a library of 1198 barcoded adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors encoding for the mouse secretome. By pooled vector injection into the heart, this library was screened to functionally select for factors that confer cardioprotection against myocardial infarction. After two rounds of iterative selection in mice, cardiac FunSel identified three proteins [chordin-like 1 (Chrdl1), family with sequence similarity 3 member C (Fam3c), and Fam3b] that preserve cardiomyocyte viability, sustain cardiac function, and prevent pathological remodeling. In particular, Chrdl1 exerted its protective activity by binding and inhibiting extracellular bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), which resulted in protection against cardiomyocyte death and induction of autophagy in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Chrdl1 also inhibited fibrosis and maladaptive cardiac remodeling by binding transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and preventing cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. Production of secreted and circulating Chrdl1, Fam3c, and Fam3b from the liver also protected the heart from myocardial infarction, thus supporting the use of the three proteins as recombinant factors. Together, these findings disclose a powerful method for the in vivo, unbiased selection of tissue-protective factors and describe potential cardiac therapeutics.
Physics-aware Difference Graph Networks for Sparsely-Observed Dynamics (2020)

Sparsely available data points cause a numerical error on finite differences which hinder to modeling the dynamics of physical systems. The discretization error becomes even larger when the sparse data are irregularly distributed so that the data defined on an unstructured grid, making it hard to build deep learning models to handle physics-governing observations on the unstructured grid. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture named Physics-aware Difference Graph Networks (PA-DGN) that exploits neighboring information to learn finite differences inspired by physics equations. PA-DGN further leverages data-driven end-to-end learning to discover underlying dynamical relations between the spatial and temporal differences in given observations. We demonstrate the superiority of PA-DGN in the approximation of directional derivatives and the prediction of graph signals on the synthetic data and the real-world climate observations from weather stations.
Metastability of NbN in the ordered vacancy NbO phase (1995)

A metastable phase of NbN with superconducting ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=16.4 K was reported recently by Treece and collaborators. The reported structure of the thin-film sample deviates from the rocksalt (B1) NbN structure with 25% ordered vacancies on each sublattice (space group Pm3m) and a lattice constant of 4.442 \AA{}. Using full-potential electronic-structure methods, we contrast the electronic structure with that of B1 NbN. The calculated energy, 1.00 eV/molecule higher than B1 NbN, and calculated lattice constant of 4.214 \AA{} indicate that the new phase must be something other than the ordered stoichiometric Pm3m phase.
Conformational Analysis of (S)-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-5-Methylimidazo [4,5,1-jk][1,4]-Benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one (R78362) (1993)

Abstract The solution and solid state conformation of (S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-methylimidazo [4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one (R78362) have been investigated by low temperature NMR and x-ray diffraction studies. The 1H NMR spectrum of R78362 shows no evidence of the presence of multiple conformers in the temperature range 340K - 177K. Molecular mechanisms and semiempirical molecular orbital calculations suggest that the nitrogen and ring inversion barriers of R78362 are small and thus a time-averaged 1H NMR spectrum is probably occurring at 298K. The x-ray diffraction data indicated that there were two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the crystal. The two molecules had similar conformations with the benzoimidazole ring being planar and the diazepine ring in a “half-chair” conformation.
The IP3 receptor/Ca2+ channel and its cellular function (2007)

The IP3R [IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) receptor] is responsible for Ca2+ release from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). We have been working extensively on the P400 protein, which is deficient in Purkinje-neuron-degenerating mutant mice. We have discovered that P400 is an IP3R and we have determined the primary sequence. Purified IP3R, when incorporated into a lipid bilayer, works as a Ca2+ release channel and overexpression of IP3R shows enhanced IP3 binding and channel activity. Addition of an antibody blocks Ca2+ oscillations indicating that IP3R1 works as a Ca2+ oscillator. Studies on the role of IP3R during development show that IP3R is involved in fertilization and is essential for determination of dorso-ventral axis formation. We found that IP3R is involved in neuronal plasticity. A double homozygous mutant of IP3R2 (IP3R type 2) and IP3R3 (IP3R type 3) shows a deficit of saliva secretion and gastric juice secretion suggesting that IP3Rs are essential for exocrine secretion. IP3R has various unique properties: cryo-EM (electron microscopy) studies show that IP3R contains multiple cavities; IP3R allosterically and dynamically changes its form reversibly (square form–windmill form); IP3R is functional even though it is fragmented by proteases into several pieces; the ER forms a meshwork but also forms vesicular ER and moves along microtubules using a kinesin motor; X ray analysis of the crystal structure of the IP3 binding core consists of an N-terminal β-trefoil domain and a C-terminal α-helical domain. We have discovered ERp44 as a redox sensor in the ER which binds to the luminal part of IP3R1 and regulates its activity. We have also found the role of IP3 is not only to release Ca2+ but also to release IRBIT which binds to the IP3 binding core of IP3R.
Spectroscopy of gadolinium gallium garnet crystals doped with Y b3 +revisited (2010)

The optical spectroscopy measurements of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) crystals doped with Yb show evidence of the presence of non-equivalent optical centers with very similar radiative decay rates. The energy level schemes of those centers have been determined on the basis of optical absorption, luminescence and Raman experiments. Crystal field fitting resulted in two sets of slightly different crystal field parameters for two non-equivalent Yb centers. Both sets of parameters describe perfectly the experimentally detected Yb(3+) energy levels. Correlation between systematic trends in the experimental energy level schemes and crystal field parameters is discussed.
Wyznaczenie współczynników dyfuzji tlenku węgla(IV) przez membrany wysycone cieczą jonową (2010)

This study provides evidence for differences in the reading performance of Persian-speaking patients with AMD in different PRL locations. The average scores of all reading indices obtained in the right-field PRL are lower than those in other areas and are highly correlated with the PRL-fovea distance.
[IC‐P‐021]: INVESTIGATION OF PITTSBURGH COMPOUND‐B BINDING IN WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES (2017)

Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) binds to cortical beta amyloid, but little is known about PiB uptake in the white matter (WM) (Goodheart et al., 2015). Decreased PiB uptake has been observed in demyelinating WM lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (Bodini et al., 2016), and histopathologic analysis suggests that PiB may be binding to the beta-pleated sheet of the myelin basic protein (Stankoff et al., 2011). Based on this premise, we investigated the WM PiB binding in relation to white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in a population-based cohort of clinically normal participants across a wide age range. Clinically normal participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (n=794; age range=41–95) were included. WMH were segmented using a semi-automated segmentation algorithm on FLAIR MRI. Segmented WMH and WM masks from FLAIR images and T1-weighted MRI images were used to derive the regional WMH and the normal appearing WM (NAWM) PiB uptake from the PiB-PET images registered to subject's own T1-weighted MRI. WMH and NAWM PiB SUVr were calculated as a ratio of WM regional PiB uptake to the cerebellar crus PiB uptake. The WMH PiB SUVr was lower (mean±SD =1.84±0.20) compared to NAWM PiB SUVr (mean±SD =2.02±0.21) (paired t-test; p<0.001; Figure 1). Both the WMH and the NAWM PiB SUVr increased with age (p<0.001; Figure 2) and with the global cortical PiB SUVr, even after adjusting for age (multiple linear regression; p<0.001; Table). The findings support that the biologic basis of lower PiB uptake in the WMH may be associated with loss of myelin integrity in the WM. However, since myelin is lost with age, the gradual increase of WM PiB uptake with aging suggests that other aging-related mechanisms are also influencing WM PiB uptake. Contribution of WMH to the WM PiB SUVr should be considered when WM PiB uptake is used as a reference region for the evaluation of cortical PiB uptake.