gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Using directional variance for urban area analysis on Spot 5 panchromatic images</title> (2002)

At the beginning of next year (2002), CNES will launch the SPOT 5 satellite. Before the launching, CNES has to validate the choices made for the sensors with the use of simulated images. Our study has been made as part of the use of SPOT 5 panchromatic images for urban area analysis. The objective of this study is to extract built-up urban areas and urban thoroughfares from simulated images. Looking at SPOT 5 panchromatic simulated images shows us that the grey level is not a good characteristic to discriminate buildings of the urban areas from other types of regions such as thoroughfares or nude-grounds. In the meantime, buildings define heterogeneous areas whereas thoroughfares and nude-grounds are homogeneous regions. So in order to classify built-up urban areas and thoroughfares, we suggest to use the directional variance of the image. With this end in view, we define a new operator of texture analysis, and we propose to combine it with classification algorithms and edge extraction operators. In order to validate our method, we present some results we have obtained on the city of Strasbourg, using simulated SPOT 5 images of 5m per pixel resolution, provided by CNES agency.
Object and observer motion in the perception of objects by infants. (1987)

Sixteen-week-old human infants distinguish optical displacements given by their own motion from displacements given by moving objects, and they use only the latter to perceive the unity of partly occluded objects. Optical changes produced by moving the observer around a stationary object produced attentional levels characteristic of stationary observers viewing stationary displays and much lower than those shown by stationary observers viewing moving displays. Real displacements of an object with no subject-relative displacement, produced by moving an object so as to maintain a constant relation to the moving observer, evoked attentional levels that were higher than with stationary displays and more characteristic of attention to moving displays, a finding suggesting detection of the real motion. Previously reported abilities of infants to perceive the unity of partly occluded objects from motion information were found to depend on real object motion rather than on optical displacements in general. The results suggest that object perception depends on registration of the motions of surfaces in the three-dimensional layout.
MalClassifier: Malware family classification using network flow sequence behaviour (2018)

Anti-malware vendors receive daily thousands of potentially malicious binaries to analyse and categorise before deploying the appropriate defence measure. Considering the limitations of existing malware analysis and classification methods, we present MalClassifier, a novel privacy-preserving system for the automatic analysis and classification of malware using network flow sequence mining. MalClassifier allows identifying the malware family behind detected malicious network activity without requiring access to the infected host or malicious executable reducing overall response time. MalClassifier abstracts the malware families' network flow sequence order and semantics behaviour as an n-flow. By mining and extracting the distinctive n-flows for each malware family, it automatically generates network flow sequence behaviour profiles. These profiles are used as features to build supervised machine learning classifiers (K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest) for malware family classification. We compute the degree of similarity between a flow sequence and the extracted profiles using a novel fuzzy similarity measure that computes the similarity between flows attributes and the similarity between the order of the flow sequences. For classifier performance evaluation, we use network traffic datasets of ransomware and botnets obtaining 96% F-measure for family classification. MalClassifier is resilient to malware evasion through flow sequence manipulation, maintaining the classifier's high accuracy. Our results demonstrate that this type of network flow-level sequence analysis is highly effective in malware family classification, providing insights on reoccurring malware network flow patterns.
Innovations in Travel Modeling - eScholarship (2005)

T H E S T U DY O F T R A V E L B E H A V I O R attempts to understand why, when, where, how, and with whom people travel. It then tries to predict how they will travel in the future. Predictions depend on the design and operation of future transportation systems and on changes in population characteristics. Thus, they are useful tools when choosing among alternative designs for future transportation services and sizing facilities to meet future demands. Models, generally mathematical, are means for representing past and future behaviors. It’s encouraging to view the accomplishments of travel behavior modeling I nnovations in Travel Modeling BY FRANK S. KOPPELMAN over the last thirty years and to look ahead to future developments. Thirty years ago I was immersed in doctoral studies and my student and faculty colleagues were intensely involved in travel-behavior research. It was a period of great excitement for us. We argued about potential enhancements to our models, knowing that many could not be implemented because of conceptual and computational challenges that were then beyond the profession’s capabilities. This did not stop us from envisioning the possibilities. ➢ Frank S. Koppelman is professor of civil engineering and transportation at Northwestern University. This article is drawn from his formal remarks to the 10th Annual UCTC Student Research Conference that met at the University of California, Irvine in February 2005 (f-koppelman@northwestern.edu). A C C E S S NUMBER 27, FALL 2005
High channel count ultrasound beamformer system with external multiplexer support for ultrafast 3D/4D ultrasound (2016)

We present the newest application specific version of our beamformer platform “DiPhAS” that provides 256 parallel channels both for generation of ultrasound signals as well as digitalization of returned echos. Using ultrasound transducers with lots of elements requires high channel count electronics. Applications for such systems range from functional ultrafast imaging using high element count linear array transducers for imaging of a large field of view to real time volumetric imaging with matrix array transducers. To perform volumetric transmit beamforming with matrix transducers, lots of these matrix elements have to be controlled individually. Furthermore, many elements need to be excited in order to compensate for the small active element size and provide a sufficient overall active footprint to generate enough acoustic power for imaging with adequate SNR. The system is set up based on our platform concept with the common ultrasound research device components: mainboard, power supply, application-specific new front ends integrating 16 channels on each PCB and device software. Using 16 front ends results in a total channel count of 256. The new front ends are based on our existing 8 channel front end technology and share the same concepts with doubled channel count for both transmission and reception. The system generates transmit sequences with voltages up to 150 Vpp and digitizes with a sampling rate of up to 80 MHz. The beamformer implements the control for additional external multiplexers in the transducer probe. This has been tested with an external transducer matrix array and can be used to connect to our custom 1024 elements matrix array (32×32 elements) with a 1:4 multiplexer integrated into the probe head. Received data can be accessed as single element channel data of all 256 channels in parallel and transferred to a PC via PCI-Express. Beamforming can be done on a massively parallel computing graphics processor (GPU). The used software includes standard applications for measurements and interfaces for Matlab, C++ and C#. It is used to process, analyze and visualize data from the beamformer. This system will be scalable to an even higher channel count by connecting several beamformers to a single PC using multiple PCI-Express connections and additional synchronization over all single beamformer electronics. It is the basis of our 3D/4D ultrasound research system connected to our matrix arrays developed in-house.
People/Plant Interaction: Human Perspectives in Horticulture1 (1976)

Abstract Horticulture is a branch of agriculture and as such is primarily concerned with the production of a product, be it fruit, vegetable or ornamental. Horticultural research, applied to improvement of production methods and product, has resulted in sophisticated control of production and uniformity of product. People seldom enter the purview of horticultural research, except in studies of labor-efficient methods of production or the consumer market.
Dynamic almost blank subframe assignment method with power control subframe for user fairness (2015)

In long term evolution (LTE), heterogeneous network (HetNet) is constructed to increase network capacity. In HetNet, low transmit power base stations (BSs) such as femto-BSs are deployed in an indoor within the coverage of macro cells. Since BSs are close to each other in HetNet, indoor or cell-edge users are likely to experience outage due to inter-cell interference. Therefore, almost blank subframe (ABS) techniques emerge as inter-cell interference mitigation technique in time region. One of the conventional ABS techniques is dynamic ABS assignment, which is able to adapt to interference circumstances to protect the cell-edge users more. In the dynamic ABS assignment method, a BS dynamically allocates ABS to its subframe based on surrounding circumstances. However, the resource utilization of BSs decreases, because the number of ABS assignments increases in the dense BS deployment. This results in low sum rate. In addition, if the number of ABS assignments increases, user fairness becomes impaired due to the difference of the number of users which each BS serves. In this paper, we propose a dynamic ABS assignment method with power control subframe to improve sum rate and user fairness together. Each BS receives feedback from surrounding BSs and users, and chooses its subframe assignment based on the received feedback. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the sum rate and user fairness compared with the conventional dynamic ABS assignment method, while achieving a similar user outage ratio.
An evaluation of bottom-up and top-down thread generation techniques (1993)

Presents a model of coarse grain dataflow execution. The authors present one top down and two bottom up methods for generation of multithreaded code, and evaluate their effectiveness. The bottom up techniques start from a fine-grain dataflow graph and coalesce this into coarse-grain clusters. The top down technique generates clusters directly from the intermediate data dependence graph used for compiler optimizations. The authors discuss the relevant phases in the compilation process. They compare the effectiveness of the strategies by measuring the total number of clusters executed, the total number of instructions executed, cluster size, and number of matches per cluster. It turns out that the top down method generates more efficient code, and larger clusters. However the number of matches per cluster is larger for the top down method, which could incur higher cluster synchronization costs. >
A Case of Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis (2020)

63 歳，女性。2 年前に腹部に瘙痒を伴う紅斑が生じ，1 年前より上肢，特に手掌に顕著に，左右対称性に多数の紅色丘疹が出現した。採血，造影 CT では明らかな異常所見はなく，手掌からの皮膚生検にて真皮浅層から中層にかけて組織球様細胞の増殖がみられた。増殖細胞は CD1a 陽性，S-100 蛋白陽性，CD68 陽性，CD163 陽性であり，電子顕微鏡学的に Birbeck 顆粒を認めず，indeterminate cell histiocytosis （ICH）と診断した。自験例は，四肢に多発性 ICH の典型疹である癒合傾向のない紅色丘疹が多数ある一方で，腹部に広く浸潤を触れる紅斑を認め，瘙痒を伴った点は非典型的であった。narrow band-UVB 療法は無効であり，PUVA 療法にて症状が改善した。半年後の皮膚生検では CD1a，S-100 蛋白の陽性率が低下しており，generalized eruptive histiocytoma との鑑別が困難であった。ICH は時間経過とともに CD1a，S-100 蛋白の染まり方が変化する可能性があるという報告があり，それを支持する結果と考えられた。また，これらの経時的な変化に，細胞老化を誘導させることで知られる p16INK4a の関与は否定的であった。
Finger-Force Measurement-Device for Hand Rehabilitation (2005)

The purpose was to develop an extension fingerforce measurement device, and investigate the intraindividual repeatability. The design of the measuring device allows single finger force and whole hand measurements, and the repeatability error on extension finger forces was measured, both on the whole hand, as well as on individual fingers. The tests showed that a repeatability error of less then 15 % can be achieved for single finger measurements and less then 21 % for whole hand measurements.
Guidance for summarizing and the evaluation of aquatic micro- and mesocosm studies (2007)

Guidance for summarizing and evaluating aquatic microand mesocosm studies A guidance document has been developed for ensuring that the test results required for the registration of pesticides be supplied in a uniform and transparent manner. This document is specifically directed at experiments carried out in artificial ecosystems in surface water (microand mesocosm studies). It has been developed by the Dutch Platform for the Assessment of Higher Tier Studies (PHTS), of which the Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) is the secretariat. Within the framework of the rules and regulations governing pesticide registration in the Netherlands, applicants (e.g. manufacturers of crop protection agents) are required to supply all necessary information to the Dutch Board for the Authorisation of Crop Protection Products and Biocides (Ctgb). Based on this information the Ctgb assesses whether the use specified for a specific product is acceptable. Complex and often extensive data on microand mesocosm studies can be a necessary part of the information provided. The Ctgb, an independent administrative body, requests various external institutes to summarize and evaluate these studies. Potential differences in the evaluator’s methodology may lead to a lack of uniformity in the form and content of the summaries and evaluations and – occasionally – in the conclusions. These differences were the primary motivating factor for Ctgb to harmonize the evaluation reports of studies on ecosystems of surface water bodies. A secondary aim was to increase the transparency of the registration process.
<title>Cavity-enhanced effects with silica microspheres immersed in superfluid helium</title> (1999)

Silica microspheres behave as efficient optical microresonators when small-volume whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are used. We have realized a cryogenic set-up to work with microspheres immersed in a superfluid helium bath. Quality factors up to 10<SUP>9</SUP> have been obtained at 2 K. In this environment, we have been able to observe a dispersive bistable behavior of the WGM resonances, due to the weak intrinsic Kerr optical nonlinearity of silica, with a threshold power of 10 (mu) W only. This result opens the way to the realization of thresholdless microlaser, based on a rare-earth doped silica microsphere and to other Cavity-QED projects with microspheres at low temperatures.
Implantation robot-assistée d'un sphincter urinaire artificiel chez l'homme pour incontinence neurogène secondaire à une insuffisance sphinctérienne (2015)

Des troubles du bas appareil urinaire sont fréquents en cas de lésions de la moelle épinière. À terme, les pressions intravésicales élevées associées à ces troubles – en raison d’une faible compliance vésicale ou d’une hyperactivité détrusorienne – ont une incidence négative sur les reins. Néanmoins, l’incontinence urinaire semble être le facteur qui exerce l’impact le plus net sur la qualité de vie. Les patients souffrant de lésions supra-sacrées présentent souvent un détrusor hyperactif, entraînant une incontinence réflexe. Traiter cette hyperactivité permet à un grand nombre de ces patients de devenir continents. En cas de lésions infra-sacrées, on observe plus souvent une insuffisance sphinctérienne provoquant une incontinence à l’effort. Chaque lésion doit toutefois être explorée individuellement d’un point de vue neurologique, une combinaison des deux étant possible.
SATIN: A Secure and Trustworthy Asynchronous Introspection on Multi-Core ARM Processors (2019)

On ARM processors with TrustZone security extension, asynchronous introspection mechanisms have been developed in the secure world to detect security policy violations in the normal world. These mechanisms provide security protection via passively checking the normal world snapshot. However, since previous secure world checking solutions require to suspend the entire rich OS, asynchronous introspection has not been widely adopted in the real world. Given a multi-core ARM system that can execute the two worlds simultaneously on different cores, secure world introspection can check the rich OS without suspension. However, we identify a new normal-world evasion attack that can defeat the asynchronous introspection by removing the attacking traces in parallel from one core when the security checking is performing on another core. We perform a systematic study on this attack and present its efficiency against existing asynchronous introspection mechanisms. As the countermeasure, we propose a secure and trustworthy asynchronous introspection mechanism called SATIN, which can efficiently detect the evasion attacks by increasing the attackers' evasion time cost and decreasing the defender's execution time under a safe limit. We implement a prototype on an ARM development board and the experimental results show that SATIN can effectively prevent evasion attacks on multi-core systems with a minor system overhead.
A Simple Proof of Linear Scaling of End-to-End Probabilistic Bounds using Network Calculus (2011)

Statistical network calculus is the probabilistic extension of network calculus, which uses a simple envelope approach to describe arrival traffic and service available for the arrival traffic in a node. One of the key features of network calculus is the possibility to describe the service available in a network using a network service envelope constructed from the service envelopes of the individual nodes constituting the network. It have been shown that the end-to-end worst case performance measures computed using the network service envelope is bounded by $ {\cal O} (H) $, where $H$ is the number of nodes traversed by a flow. There have been many attempts to achieve a similar linear scaling for end-to-end probabilistic performance measures but with limited success. In this paper, we present a simple general proof of computing end-to-end probabilistic performance measures using network calculus that grow linearly in the number of nodes ($H$).
Réduction du speckle sur un système d'imagerie hyperspectrale dans le moyen infrarouge (2021)

International audience
Short Article: Scene perception and memory revealed by eye movements and receiver-operating characteristic analyses: Does a cultural difference truly exist? (2008)

Cultural differences have been observed in scene perception and memory: Chinese participants purportedly attend to the background information more than did American participants. We investigated the influence of culture by recording eye movements during scene perception and while participants made recognition memory judgements. Real-world pictures with a focal object on a background were shown to both American and Chinese participants while their eye movements were recorded. Later, memory for the focal object in each scene was tested, and the relationship between the focal object (studied, new) and the background context (studied, new) was manipulated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves show that both sensitivity and response bias were changed when objects were tested in new contexts. However, neither the decrease in accuracy nor the response bias shift differed with culture. The eye movement patterns were also similar across cultural groups. Both groups made longer and more fixations on the focal objects than on the contexts. The similarity of eye movement patterns and recognition memory behaviour suggests that both Americans and Chinese use the same strategies in scene perception and memory.
Bianchi type I cosmologies in arbitrary dimensional dilaton gravities (2000)

We study the low energy string effective action with an exponential type dilaton potential and vanishing torsion in a Bianchi type I space-time geometry. In the Einstein and string frames the general solution of the gravitational field equations can be expressed in an exact parametric form. Depending on the values of the dilaton coupling constant and of the coefficient in the exponential, the obtained cosmological models can be generically divided into three classes, leading to both singular and non-singular behaviors. The effect of the potential on the time evolution of the mean anisotropy parameter is also considered in detail, and it is shown that a Bianchi type I universe isotropizes only in the presence of a dilaton field potential or a central deficit charge.
Spectral Differential Phase Contrast X-Ray Radiography (2019)

We investigate the combination of two emerging X-ray imaging technologies, namely spectral imaging and differential phase contrast imaging. By acquiring spatially and temporally registered images with several different X-ray spectra, spectral imaging can exploit differences in the energy-dependent attenuation to generate material selective images. Differential phase contrast imaging uses an entirely different contrast generation mechanism: The phase shift that an X-ray wave exhibits when traversing an object. As both methods can determine the (projected) electron density, we propose a novel material decomposition algorithm that uses the spectral and the phase contrast information simultaneously. Numerical experiments show that the combination of these two imaging techniques benefits from the strengths of the individual methods while the weaknesses are mitigated: Quantitatively accurate basis material images are obtained and the noise level is strongly reduced, compared to conventional spectral X-ray imaging.
Efficient implementation of the integer lifting transform for video compression on FPGA (2013)

In this paper, we present a very efficient hardware configuration for the Integer Lifting Transform (ILT), implemented as part of an object-based video compression system on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This configuration requires very low resources and memory, yet it is still capable of working in a real-time manner, and can handle large video frame resolutions. The compression quality achieved by the ILT ranges between 22dB and 36dB for high and low frame motion respectively, with whole frames having an approximate quality of 26dB.