gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Windows malware detection based on cuckoo sandbox generated report using machine learning algorithm (2016)

Malicious software or malware has grown rapidly and many anti-malware defensive solutions have failed to detect the unknown malware since most of them rely on signature-based technique. This technique can detect a malware based on a pre-defined signature, which achieves poor performance when attempting to classify unseen malware with the capability to evade detection using various code obfuscation techniques. This growing evasion capability of new and unknown malwares needs to be countered by analyzing the malware dynamically in a sandbox environment, since the sandbox provides an isolated environment for analyzing the behavior of the malware. In this paper, the malware is executed on to the cuckoo sandbox to obtain its run-time behavior. At the end of the execution, the cuckoo sandbox reports the system calls invoked by the malware during execution. However, this report is in JSON format and has to be converted to MIST format to extract the system calls. The collected system calls are structured in the form of N-Grams, which help to build the classifier by using the Information Gain (IG) as a feature selection technique. A comprehensive experiment was conducted to perceive the best fit classifier among the chosen classifiers, including the Bayesian-Logistic-Regression, SPegasos, IB1, Bagging, Part, and J48 defined within the WEKA tool. From the experimental results, the overall best performance for all the selected top N-Grams such as 200, 400, and 600 goes to SPegasos with the highest accuracy, highest True Positive Rate (TPR), and lowest False Positive Rate (FPR).
Limited Exchange Transfusion Can Be Very Beneficial in Sickle Cell Anemia with Acute Chest Syndrome: A Case Report from Tanzania (2018)

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) with blood transfusion an integral part in its management. Red cell exchange (RCE) transfusion is usually regarded as preferable to top-up transfusion, because it reduces the proportion of Hemoglobin (Hb) S while at the same time avoiding circulatory overload. Despite its obvious benefits, RCE is underutilized, particularly in low-resource settings which may be due to scarcity of blood products and of expertise in carrying out exchange transfusion. We report on a young woman with SCD with severe ACS who responded promptly and dramatically to a RCE of only 0.95 L (instead of the recommended 1.4 L) and had in the end an HbS level of 48% (instead of the recommended level below 30%). Limited RCE resulted in significant clinical improvement. We suggest that limited RCE may be of benefit than no RCE in SCD patients with ACS, particularly in settings where RCE is not available.
Efficient interference mitigating strategies for two-way relay channels (2011)

Hierarchical wireless networks have the potential to provide the needed capacity to a large number of mobile stations (MSs). According to this system architecture, the MSs are served by a dense network of fixed relay nodes (RNs) fed by a small number of large hub base stations (HBSs). In such deployment, high spectral efficiencies can be achieved if the RNs act as two-way relays; however this gives rise to co-channel interference (CCI) which needs to be mitigated. In order to gain insights on the impact of CCI to this scenario we consider an HBS with two highly directional antennas communicating with two MSs via two interfering two-way RNs. We investigate the average maximum sum-rate of two cooperative strategies. The first is based on Decode-and-Forward (DF) and network coding and acts as a baseline. The second strategy is based on Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Network MIMO processing over both the backhaul and access channels. Furthermore we devise some cooperative protocols that utilize two, three or four time slots. It is shown that the 2-slot schemes perform generally better and that the DF strategy achieves superior performance when CCI is low while AF with Network MIMO is superior when CCI is high.
Long-Term Evaluation of Treatment of Chronic, Therapeutically Refractory Tinnitus by Neurostimulation (2007)

The long-term follow-up of neurostimulation treatment for chronic tinnitus shows promising results. Long-term results were better than those determined after a 3-month follow-up. In all patients the tinnitus was replaced by another sound, which was perceived as pleasant. Further studies are needed before accepting neurostimulation as a treatment modality for chronic, therapeutically refractory tinnitus.
Polymeric Quasicrystal: Mesoscopic Quasicrystalline Tiling inABCStar Polymers (2007)

A mesoscopic tiling pattern with 12-fold symmetry has been observed in a three-component polymer system composed of polyisoprene, polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylpyridine) which forms a star-shaped terpolymer, and a polystyrene homopolymer blend. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal a nonperiodic tiling pattern covered with equilateral triangles and squares, their triangle/square number ratio of 2.3 (approximately equal to 4/sqrt[3]), and a microbeam x-ray diffraction pattern shows dodecagonal symmetry. The same kind of quasicrystalline structures have been found for metal alloys (approximately 0.5 nm), chalcogenides (approximately 2 nm), and liquid crystals (approximately 10 nm). The present result (approximately 50 nm) confirms the universal nature of dodecagonal quasicrystals over several hierarchical length scales.
Optimized Amplitude-Dividing Beam Splitter Gratings for 4D STEM Holography (2021)

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A capture method based on the VC1 domain reveals new binding properties of the human receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (2016)

The Advanced Glycation and Lipoxidation End products (AGEs and ALEs) are a heterogeneous class of compounds derived from the non-enzymatic glycation or protein adduction by lipoxidation break-down products. The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is involved in the progression of chronic diseases based on persistent inflammatory state and oxidative stress. RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and the inhibition of the interaction with its ligands or of the ligand accumulation have a potential therapeutic effect. The N-terminal domain of RAGE, the V domain, is the major site of AGEs binding and is stabilized by the adjacent C1 domain. In this study, we set up an affinity assay relying on the extremely specific biological interaction AGEs ligands have for the VC1 domain. A glycosylated form of VC1, produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris, was attached to magnetic beads and used as insoluble affinity matrix (VC1-resin). The VC1 interaction assay was employed to isolate specific VC1 binding partners from in vitro generated AGE-albumins and modifications were identified/localized by mass spectrometry analysis. Interestingly, this method also led to the isolation of ALEs produced by malondialdehyde treatment of albumins. Computational studies provided a rational-based interpretation of the contacts established by specific modified residues and amino acids of the V domain. The validation of VC1-resin in capturing AGE-albumins from complex biological mixtures such as plasma and milk, may lead to the identification of new RAGE ligands potentially involved in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, independently of their structures or physical properties, and without the use of any covalent derivatization process. In addition, the method can be applied to the identification of antagonists of RAGE-ligand interaction.
Stoichiometry and redox behaviour of metals in cytochrome‐c oxidase (1993)

The early observation of extra copper in preparations of cytochrome-c oxidase has recently lead to a renewed interest in its stoichiometry and possible redox function. In various, pure preparations (heme A contents close to the theoretical value of 9.79 nmol/mg protein for the 13-subunit bovine enzyme) protein-related metal stoichiometries of 3 Cu, 2 Fe, 1 Zn, 1 Mg/monomer with M(r) 204266 were determined. Despite the presence of five potential redox metal ions, reductive and reoxidative titrations indicate the presence of only four one-electron-accepting/donating species in the ligand-free enzyme. Participation of two copper ions in a binuclear copper site acting as one-electron acceptor may explain both the observed copper stoichiometry and the redox behaviour. The homology of the C-terminal sequence of subunit II with one of the copper-binding sites in nitrous-oxide reductases provides possible ligands for complexing two copper ions in a binuclear center.
Understanding virus resistance due to ISG15-loss-of-function (2019)

Viral infections induce profound cellular responses resulting the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some ISGs have specific antiviral activity, while others regulate the cellular response. For most viruses, the specific antiviral ISG(s) is not known, which has potential consequences for the quest for new therapeutics. The ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 is a major regulator of antiviral response and inherited ISG15-deficiency leads to autoinflammatory interferonopathies where patients exhibit elevated ISG expression in the absence of infection. Using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout technology, we have recapitulated these effects in cultured cells, confirming ‘free’ ISG15’s role as a central regulator of type-I IFN antiviral response. We also show that during an antiviral response, ISG15-deficiency leads to significant physiological defects (inhibition of translation and proliferation) and resistance to parainfluenza viruses. We asked if virus resistance was due to the direct antiviral activity of ISGs, or whether cells were non-permissive due to physiological defects. We took advantage of the knowledge that IFIT1 is the principle antiviral ISG for parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). Knockdown of IFIT1 restored PIV5 infection in ISG15-deficient cells, confirming that resistance was due to the antiviral response and not due to physiological state related to ISG15-deficiency. We also compared infections with related viruses where IFIT1 has known intermediate antiviral activity (PIV2) and low activity (PIV3); restoration of replication with these viruses reflected their sensitivity to IFIT1 restriction. Based on the observations in IFIT1-knockdown cells, we propose a novel platform for the identification of antiviral ISGs based on recovery of virus infection.
Techno-Economics of Solar PV Systems on the Commercial Malls Rooftops (2020)

In this paper, the feasibility of installing the PV systems on the rooftop of the shopping centers is investigated. Several case studies are proposed to cover a range of the rooftop area. Each case study contains two main options which include considering the load of the shopping center and exclude the load. The first case study aims to install a 2 MWp PV system according to the Saudi Arabia renewable energy regulation. The 2 MWp PV system is installed to be connected to the low voltage side. In this case study, the needed area to install the 2 MWp is 10,932 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> which is less than the minimum range of the available area of the shopping mall (60,000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The second case study aims to install the PV system to cover around 75% of the rooftop (60,000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). In addition, the feasible area to install the PV systems in the rooftop of the shopping centers are also investigated. Here, the area is found to be more than 8,430.8 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in case of the cost of the kWh is 0.07 SAR.
Salvage of Infected or Failed Below-Knee Amputations With Total Contact Casting and Continued Weight Bearing (1988)

Ten patients with infected or apparently failing below-knee amputations were treated with total contact casting and continued weight bearing ambulation with a commercially available temporary prosthesis. Amputation was performed for peripheral vascular insufficiency in all patients. Seven of the patients were diabetic, five being insulin dependent. All ten were treated as outpatients and proceeded to heal their wounds and continued to function as independent community ambulators during treatment. None of the patients required surgical revision and each was successfully fit with a permanent below-knee prosthesis.
In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Resistance Profile Characterization of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor Ledipasvir (2016)

Ledipasvir (LDV; GS-5885), a component of Harvoni (a fixed-dose combination of LDV with sofosbuvir [SOF]), is approved to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here, we report key preclinical antiviral properties of LDV, including in vitro potency, in vitro resistance profile, and activity in combination with other anti-HCV agents. LDV has picomolar antiviral activity against genotype 1a and genotype 1b replicons with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.031 nM and 0.004 nM, respectively. LDV is also active against HCV genotypes 4a, 4d, 5a, and 6a with EC50 values of 0.11 to 1.1 nM. LDV has relatively less in vitro antiviral activity against genotypes 2a, 2b, 3a, and 6e, with EC50 values of 16 to 530 nM. In vitro resistance selection with LDV identified the single Y93H and Q30E resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in the NS5A gene; these RAVs were also observed in patients after a 3-day monotherapy treatment. In vitro antiviral combination studies indicate that LDV has additive to moderately synergistic antiviral activity when combined with other classes of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, including NS3/4A protease inhibitors and the nucleotide NS5B polymerase inhibitor SOF. Furthermore, LDV is active against known NS3 protease and NS5B polymerase inhibitor RAVs with EC50 values equivalent to those for the wild type.
Two Theories of Home Heat Control* (1986)

People routinely develop their own theories to explain the world around them. These theories can be useful even when they contradict conventional technical wisdom. Based on in‐depth interviews about home heating and thermostat setting behavior, the present study presents two theories people use to understand and adjust their thermostats. The two theories are here called the feedback theory and the valve theory. The valve theory is inconsistent with engineering knowledge, but is estimated to be held by 25% to 50% of Americans. Predictions of each of the theories are compared with the operations normally performed in home heat control. This comparison suggests that the valve theory may be highly functional in normal day‐to‐day use. Further data is needed on the ways this theory guides behavior in natural environments.
Lack of C5 Convertase-Generating Activity in Naja haje Cobra Factor (1978)

Abstract Commercial cobra factor is prepared from the venom of either Naja naja, the Indian cobra, or Naja haje, the Egyptian cobra, and is not marked as to source. Cobra factor from Naja haje (CVFh), although able to generate C3-cleaving activity, does not support passive lysis. Cobra venom from Naja naja (CVFn), upon incubation with normal human serum, depletes C3 through C9, and causes conversion of C3 and B as observed in immunoelectrophoresis. CVFh also causes conversion of C3 and B and depletes C3; but C5 through C9 are spared. CVFh and CVFn were found to be equally resistant to C3bINAhu. When CVFn was incubated with normal human or guinea pig serum, an activity was generated which was detectable as a zone of hemolysis in agarose plates containing guinea pig erythrocytes and EDTA, when placed near a well containing human or rat, but not guinea pig, CEDTA. Experiments with partially purified components showed that this activity corresponded to the CVFn-Bb complex, in that it could be generated from B, D, CVFn and Mg++ and required all of these. CVFh did not generate such an activity, showing that CVFh-B, if formed, is not a C5 convertase. Incubation mixtures of factors, B, D, and CVF destroyed C5hu and generated C56 from C5hu + C6hu only if formed from CVFn and not if formed from CVFh, whether or not additional C3 was present.
Field performance results of AT&T's digital subscriber (2003)

There are a number of design variables such as channel bandwidth, modulation technique, speech coding rate, and channel coding rate that affect channel performance in a digital cellular system. Once these variables are fixed and realized in hardware and firmware, channel performance analyses provide data necessary for channel (and system) optimization. Results of field measurements performed on AT&T's digital subscriber channel that provide bit-error rate versus signal-to-noise ratio data are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Linearized stability analysis of accelerated planar and spherical fluid interfaces with slow compression (2003)

We present linearized stability analyses of the effect of slow anisotropic compression or expansion on the growth of perturbations at accelerated fluid interfaces in both planar and spherical geometries. The interface separates two fluids with different densities, compressibilities, and compression rates. We show that a perturbation of large mode number on a spherical interface grows at precisely the same rate as a similar perturbation on a planar interface subjected to the same normal and transverse compression rates.
Modulation Spectroscopy Of Semiconductor Microstructures: An Overview (1988)

Modulation spectroscopy utilizes a general principle of experimental physics, in which a periodically applied perturbation either to the probe or the sample leads to derivative-like features in the optical response of the sample. We review the application of the modulation techniques of electroreflectance, photoreflectance and piezomodulation to microstructure such as quantum wells, superlattices and modulation doped heterojunctions. It is shown that modulation spectroscopy is a powerful set of optical tools for the characterization of microstructures.
Covalently linked anthracene-containing supramolecular complexes of triosmium carbonyl clusters: synthesis, crystal structures and solvatochromic behaviour (1996)

Three novel anthracene-containing supramolecules [Os3(µ-H)2(CO)9(µ3-CNC5H4CHCHC14H9)]1, [Os3(µ-H)2(CO)9(µ3-CNC5H4CH2CH2C14H9)]2 and [Os3(µ-H)(CO)10(µ-NC5H3CHCHC14H9)]3(C14H10= anthracene) have been synthesised and the crystal structures of 2 and 3 determined; UV/VIS spectroscopic studies indicated a significant metal–anthracene interaction in the ground state via the conjugated ligand group in 1.
Great differences in performance and outcome of high-throughput sequencing data analysis platforms for fungal metabarcoding (2018)

Along with recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and thus fast accumulation of HTS data, there has been a growing need and interest for developing tools for HTS data processing and communication. In particular, a number of bioinformatics tools have been designed for analysing metabarcoding data, each with specific features, assumptions and outputs. To evaluate the potential effect of the application of different bioinformatics workflow on the results, we compared the performance of different analysis platforms on two contrasting high-throughput sequencing data sets. Our analysis revealed that the computation time, quality of error filtering and hence output of specific bioinformatics process largely depends on the platform used. Our results show that none of the bioinformatics workflows appears to perfectly filter out the accumulated errors and generate Operational Taxonomic Units, although PipeCraft, LotuS and PIPITS perform better than QIIME2 and Galaxy for the tested fungal amplicon dataset. We conclude that the output of each platform requires manual validation of the OTUs by examining the taxonomy assignment values.
The Effects of Formulation Variables on Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery of Leuprolide to Humans (1993)

Feasibility of applying iontophoresis to facilitate the transdermal permeation of leuprolide acetate was investigated. Because of the complexity of the factors involved in the process of iontophoresis, theoretical predictions of the combination effects from formulation variables are difficult. This study incorporated the formulation variables, drug levels and buffer concentrations, in a device prepared by Drug Delivery System, Inc., to assess the feasibility for leuprolide delivery.Steady state serum leuprolide concentrations were achieved within 30 minutes of patch application, and were maintained for the duration of the study period. An increase in LH levels was observed for each formulation. The serum leuprolide concentrations were higher with lower drug concentration and more dilute buffer solutions. Increasing drug concentration in the patch appeared to inhibit delivery of leuprolide. A mean steady state serum concentration, 0.8 ng/ml, was achieved by a formulation composed of 10 mg/ml leuprolide acetate and 0.05 M acetate buffer at pH 5.0. Competitive reaction of ions possibly involved in the delivery mechanism will be discussed.
Recent developments with macrolide antibiotics (1998)

AbstractMacrolide antibiotics have recently experienced a significant renaissance with the introduction of several new semi-synthetic derivatives, and subsequent research has identified many additional opportunities for useful new agents. Modifications at position C-3 of erythromycin have been especially promising, yielding 'ketolides' such as HMR 3647, as well as other investigational compounds from Taisho and Abbott. Within 16-membered macrolides, new series of derivatives of the leucomycins and repromicin have been disclosed by Meiji Seika and Pfizer, respectively. Advances in the molecular biology and genetics of macrolide-producing organisms have now made feasible the directed biosynthesis of new hybrid structures by methodologies that it is becoming possible to employ on a combinatorial scale. Finally, non-anti-infective activities associated with the macrolides are being pursued, especially with the gastrointestinal prokinetic macrolides (motilides).KeywordsAIV-tylosinantibioticcombinatorial biosynthesisEM-574erythromycinHMR 3647ketolideleucomycinmacrolideMLS-resistantmotilidepolyketide synthaseprokineticrepromicintilmicosintylosin
(Invited) 3D Printing and Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Soft Robotics Applications (2020)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) to electrical and electronic systems is an attractive substitute to conductor wiring. The problem of delivery of power to multiple sensors in an Industrial environment is well known. The conductors of these power supplies are susceptible to breakage, short circuit, electronic signal cross talk, among others. Perhaps a major challenge would be in the area of soft robotics, where flexible sensors are desired. In these areas a physical wiring is going to compromise the physical flexibility of the sensors. A free positioning WPT system is going to allow the necessary flexibility as there is no physical conductor and the transceivers need not be perfectly aligned for efficient delivery of power.