gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Characterization of Spino-Sciatic and Cortico-Sciatic Associative Plasticity: Modulation by Trans-Spinal Direct Current and Effects on Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice (2013)

Associative stimulation causes enduring changes in the nervous system based on the Hebbian concept of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. The present study aimed to characterize the immediate and long-term electrophysiological effects of associative stimulation at the level of spinal cord and to test how trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDC) modulates associative plasticity. The effect of combined associative stimulation and tsDC on locomotor recovery was tested in a unilateral model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Two associative protocols were tested: (1) spino-sciatic associative (SSA) protocol, in which the first stimulus originated from the sciatic nerve and the second from the spinal cord; and (2) cortico-sciatic associative (CSA) protocol, in which the first stimulus originated from the sciatic nerve and the second from the motor cortex. In addition, those two protocols were repeated in combination with cathodal tsDC application. SSA and CSA stimulation produced immediate enhancement of spinal and cortical outputs, respectively, depending on the duration of the interstimulus interval. Repetitive SSA or CSA stimulation produced long-term potentiation of spinal and cortical outputs, respectively. Applying tsDC during SSA or CSA stimulation markedly enhanced their immediate and long-term effects. In behaving mice with unilateral SCI, four consecutive 20 min sessions of CSA + tsDC markedly reduced error rate in a horizontal ladder-walking test. Thus, this form of artificially enhanced associative connection can be translated into a form of motor relearning that does not depend on practice or experience.
Vibrational relaxation processes in a diatomic gas coupled to translational and radiational heat baths (1974)

The relaxation of vibrationally excited diatomic molecules of one kind is studied by second-quantization methods. The relaxation processes are described by interactions of the vibrational degree of freedom with translational and radiational heat baths. General quantummechanical expressions are developed for transition rates in vibration-translation, vibration-vibration, and vibration-radiation processes. These expressions include the broadening of spectral lines in a nonequilibrium gas. The line broadening is affected by the correlation function of both the dipole moment and the density matrix. In the interaction of the vibrational degree of freedom with a radiational heat bath, cooperative effects are studied. Cooperative molecular effects do not influence the induced emission and absorption, but lead to changes in the process of spontaneous emission.
PPPS-2013: Optical emission spectroscopy of initial plasma formation in a heavy gas theta pinch coil (2013)

Summary form only given. Pulsed inductive plasma devices such as the common theta-pinch have become a standard high energy plasma source in research and industry. Recent pulsed inductive plasmas currently being investigated by the fusion and space propulsion communities utilize deuterium and xenon, respectively, and have provided promising new results. However, little has been done to better understand the energy conversion processes during early plasma formation times (i.e., during the initial inductive coupling). The broad efforts of this research are to elucidate the electric-to-particle energy conversion processes during initial plasma formation over time scales of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> seconds. In this work an analysis of spectral emission data is performed on a theta pinch test article intended for use in field reversed configuration (FRC) studies. Testing is performed on a pulsed xenon plasma at energies of around 80 joules, neutral back-fill pressures of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> Torr, and an RLC discharge frequency of 500 kHz. Efforts are paralleled by magnetic field studies (B-dot probes, flux loops) of the same experiment. Using a collisional-radiative model previously developed for analysis on xenon Hall effect thrusters, line emission intensity ratios are used to approximate electron temperatures independent of plasma density. A Princeton Instruments SP2300i spectrometer with PI-MAX 1024×1024 pixel iCCD camera is used with gate times of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> seconds and variable delay to allow for time-resolved spectral data.
IgG1 antibody-dependent mediator release after passive systemic sensitization of basophils arriving at cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reactions. (1982)

When antigen is injected into a 24-hr cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reaction of an actively sensitized guinea pig, local basophils degranulate and release histamine. This reaction is called cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis and may be antibody mediated. We now report passive sensitization of basophils at CBH sites by systemic transfer of anti-picryl immune serum. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin- (KLH) immunized animals were skin tested with KLH to elicit 24-hr CBH reactions at day 7. Anti-picryl serum was injected i.v. at various times. On day 7, blue dye was injected i.v., and then 24-hr CBH sites vs nearby normal skin were challenged with 0.1 microgram picryl-human serum albumin (Pic-HSA). An immediate increase in vascular permeability (blueing) was noted at normal skin sites due to systemic passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and augmented blueing occurred at CBH sites compared with normal skin. Systemic passive sensitization of CBH sites occurred when antiserum was administered as little as 1 hr before challenge of CBH site. However, local administration of anti-picryl serum (as in a local PCA reaction) was not able to sensitize tissue basophils, whether antigen was administered locally or systemically. The serum factor that mediated cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis was heat-stable (56 degrees C X 4 hr) 7S IgG1 antibody. Electron microscopy of Pic-HSA-challenged CBH sites in animals that received IgG1 antibody showed that local basophils undergo anaphylactic degranulation by exocytosis. These studies suggest that basophils arriving at CBH reactions are sensitized for anaphylactic function by antibody that can be acquired in the circulation, but possibly not at the local site.
Latency of Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) in a Reticuloendotheliosis Virus–Transformed T-Cell Line. I: Uptake and Structure of the Latent MDV Genome (2009)

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of chickens that causes Marek's disease. During the infection of chickens, MDV establishes latency in CD4+ (T-helper) cells, which are also the target of transformation. The study of MDV latency has been limited to the use of MDV tumor-derived cell lines or blood cells isolated from chickens during presumed periods of latent infection. In 1992 Pratt et al. described the uptake of the MDV genome by a reticuloendotheliosis-transformed T-cell line (RECC-CU91). They reported that MDV established latency in CU91 cells, but that MDV genome expression was very limited. In this report we have examined the uptake of oncogenic, recombinant, and vaccine strain MDVs. We report that the entire MDV genome is taken up by CU91 cells, is hypomethylated, and readily reactivates from this latent state in a manner similar to MDV-transformed cell lines. Notably, virus could not be recovered from cell lines harboring vaccine virus CVI988 or the JM102 strain of MDV. Overall these cell lines present a useful model for the further study of MDV latency, particularly for those viruses having mutations that may affect replication or fitness of the virus in vivo. In addition, these cell lines offer an attractive means to study the latency of vaccine viruses, which establish relatively low levels of latent infection in vivo.
Machine learning anomaly detection in large systems (2016)

We have a need for methods to efficiently determine the health of a system. Diagnostics and prognostics determine system heath through analysis of data from sensors. Anomalies in the data can help us determine if there is a failure or a pending failure. There are common statistical methods to detect anomalies in individual measurements. For systems with many measurements, the anomalies may occur as specific combinations of values. Large systems have various associated states and modes which define the valid measurements. The amount of data to analyze grows very quickly as the system becomes more complex. In recent years techniques have been developed to address large data analysis. Machine Learning encompasses a broad selection of tools to optimize a statistical model of the data. These tools include supervised learning techniques, such as linear regression and logistic regression, in which training data exists to tune the model. Unsupervised learning, such as clustering, is used to explore data which does not have a defined output label associated with inputs data. Standard approaches to training supervised learning systems require a large sample of positive and negative outcome data. Some uses of machine learning involve data where there are very few cases of negative outcomes. There are machine learning algorithms defined as Anomaly Detection which are designed to deal with this type of data. Simple algorithms include Gaussian Distribution Analysis, which assumes independence in distributions of data. Large Systems with anomalies defined in the dependent combinations of data require either a manual creation of combinations of independent variables, or Multivariate Gaussian Distribution Analysis, which does not scale well for large systems. A further complication is the mixture of linear and discrete data. Neural Networks are a type of learning system which has been applied to each of the individual needs addressed above. This paper describes an approach to anomaly detection using neural networks for the specific problems in large systems to efficiently determine system health.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Neuropilin-1 Identifies a Subset of Bone Marrow Gr1− Monocytes That Can Induce Tumor Vessel Normalization and Inhibit Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1560K, Quantification of the flow cytometry profiles for the characterization of the four bone marrow cell populations sorted according to the expression of Nrp1 and Gr1. The results (shown as bar charts in the upper part of the figure and as a table in the bottom part) refer to four independent experiments; shown are the mean � s.d. The markers analyzed are the same as in the representative experiment shown in Figure 1D.&lt;/p&gt;
The Power of a Personal Computer for Car Information and Communications Systems (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Autonomous car navigation systems have been on the market since the mid-1980s. To date these systems have seen limited market acceptability due to high cost and lack of adequate map data bases and roadway infrastructure to make navigation systems more useful to the consumer.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Today, Japan, the US, and Europe all have programs which are beginning to address making our highways more intelligent, specifying the infrastructure necessary for successful implementation. Many geographic areas are now being digitized and stored on CD ROM. Automakers are also now beginning to address the utility of these autonomous systems. One way to increase utility is to take advantage of the power of the personal computer to make a cost-effective car information and communication system which shares the navigation “computer”, display and CD player.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Some of the functions of the car information and communication system could include: operation and/or display of the automatic temperature control, audio and video entertainment center, trip computer, navigation system, cellular telephone, and car diagnostics. Certain features could be incorporated by taking advantage of the “computer” in the car. These features might include: autodialing, maintenance logs, “yellow pages” directory, paging, route determination and electronic mail.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will discuss a conceptual car information and communication system that is based on a highly-integrated, two chip “PC”, the Intel386(TM)SL, which could utilize a PC-like Windows(TM) operating system, notebook PC memory cards and CD ROM based maps.&lt;/div&gt;
Extracts from the history and medical properties of garlic (2010)

At the time when antibiotics and other pharmacy products did not exist, a bulb of garlic itself represented a whole pharmacy industry due to the broad spectrum of effects. Most different suppositions involving this herb are mentioned; some of them were so pointless that they disappeared in time, but some of them have remained until the present days. The garlic was given different names that are still in use such as 'Russian penicillin', 'natural antibiotic', 'vegetable viagra', 'plant talisman', 'rustic's theriac', 'snake grass' etc. Presentation of the development of ideas associated with garlic and the evolution of the notions increased the ability of the pharmacists and physicians to respond to the challenges of their professional services in facilitating human life.
Single-molecule DNA detection using a novel SP1 protein nanopore (2013)

SP1 protein as a new type of biological nanopore is described and is utilized to distinguish single-stranded DNA at the single-molecule level. Using the SP1 nanopore to investigate single molecule detection broadens the existing research areas of pore-forming biomaterials from unsymmetrical biological nanopores to symmetrical biological nanopores. This novel nanopore could provide a good candidate for single-molecule detection and characterization of biomaterial applications.
Critical Components of the Conjugation Machinery of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE Bs1 of Bacillus subtilis (2015)

Conjugation is a major form of horizontal gene transfer and has played a profound role in bacterial evolution by moving genes, including those involved in antibiotic resistance, metabolism, symbiosis, and infectious disease. During conjugation, DNA is transferred from cell to cell through the conjugation machinery, a type of secretion system. Relatively little is known about the conjugation machinery of Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we analyzed five genes of the integrative and conjugative element ICEBs1 of Bacillus subtilis. Our research identifies four new components of the ICEBs1 conjugation machinery (ConB, ConC, ConD, and ConG) and shows an interaction between ConB and ConE that is required for ConE to associate with the cell membrane.
Bayesian optimization of peripheral intraneural stimulation protocols to evoke distal limb movements (2021)

<i>Objective.</i>Motor neuroprostheses require the identification of stimulation protocols that effectively produce desired movements. Manual search for these protocols can be very time-consuming and often leads to suboptimal solutions, as several stimulation parameters must be personalized for each subject for a variety of target motor functions. Here, we present an algorithm that efficiently tunes peripheral intraneural stimulation protocols to elicit functionally relevant distal limb movements.<i>Approach.</i>We developed the algorithm using Bayesian optimization (BO) with multi-output Gaussian Processes (GPs) and defined objective functions based on coordinated muscle recruitment. We applied the algorithm offline to data acquired in rats for walking control and in monkeys for hand grasping control and compared different GP models for these two systems. We then performed a preliminary online test in a monkey to experimentally validate the functionality of our method.<i>Main results.</i>Offline, optimal intraneural stimulation protocols for various target motor functions were rapidly identified in both experimental scenarios. Using the model that performed best, the algorithm converged to stimuli that evoked functionally consistent movements with an average number of actions equal to 20% of the search space size in both the rat and monkey animal models. Online, the algorithm quickly guided the observations to stimuli that elicited functional hand gestures, although more selective motor outputs could have been achieved by refining the objective function used.<i>Significance.</i>These results demonstrate that BO can reliably and efficiently automate the tuning of peripheral neurostimulation protocols, establishing a translational framework to configure peripheral motor neuroprostheses in clinical applications. The proposed method can also potentially be applied to optimize motor functions using other stimulation modalities.
Copper and magnesium - doped zinc oxide nanorods for device applications (2012)

Layered Superconductors, Volume I, describes the chemistry and physics of all layered superconductors. Although widespread interest in the subject did not really arise until the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates, it has a much longer history, and is still evolving rapidly. This book describes the chemical syntheses, crystal structures, calculations and measurements of the Fermi surfaces, and measurements of the normal state physical properties and of the upper and lower critical fields of all classes of layered superconductors. At present, the large classes of layered superconductors are the graphite intercalation compounds, the transition metal dichalcogenides, the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides, the organic layered superconductors,various artificial superconducting superlattices, the cuprates, binary and ternary intermetallics with the AlB2 structure, ternary and quaternary intermetallics of the ThCr2Si2 structure, the borocarbides, the iron pnictides, the iron oxypnictides, and the iron chalcogenides. Each of the stoichiometric compounds Sr2RuO4, MgB2, La3Ni2B2N3, and Ag5Pb2O6 are layered superconductors, as are intercalated ß-ZrNCl and ß-HfNCl. Many of these materials exhibit electronic instabilities such as charge-density waves, spin-density waves, magnetism, and "pseudogaps", which may have closely related origins, and which compete with the superconductivity. Some of these materials are extremely anisotropic, while others are nearly isotropic in their normal and superconducting behaviours. To characterize the superconductivity, three phenomenological models are presented: the anisotropic London model, the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau model, and the Lawrence-Doniach model. These models are used to calculate the upper and lower critical fields of layered superconductors. Experimental verification of these and selected microscopic models is provided.
Cisplatin dose intensity (CDDP-D) in human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) localized oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). (2018)

6044 Background: CDDP-D ≤ 200 mg/m2 has been shown to have a detrimental impact on overall survival (OS) in HPV negative disease with a similar trend in T4/N3 HPV+ patients (pts). We evaluated the impact of CDDP-D on OS in a larger cohort of HPV+ OPC, staged using 8th Ed. AJCC/UICC TNM staging criteria (TNM8-S). Methods: We performed a retrospective single institution analysis of HPV+ OPC pts treated with CRT (IMRT) between 2005-2015. HPV status was tested by p16 staining, supplemented by HPV DNA (ISH or PCR) if equivocal. All cases were re-classified using TNM8-S. Kaplan-Meier 5-year OS (5yOS) was calculated and compared by log-rank test between CDDP-D ( < 200, = 200 or > 200 mg/m2) stratified by stage. Significant univariate variables including TNM8-S, smoking history and CDDP-D were tested in multivariable analysis (MVA) to identify OS predictors. Results: A total of 506 pts were evaluated: median age 57.4 (range 31.3-80.9); smoking ≤ vs > 10 pack-year (PY), 52% vs 48%; TNM8-S I/II/III N = 200/183/123. Median CDDP-D: 200mg/m2. Median follow-up: 4.9 (range 0.6-12.7) years. 5yOS differed by TNM8-S I, II and III: 93 vs 82 vs 78% (p < 0.001). In the MVA, PY had a detrimental impact on OS (HR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.05-1.29 p = 0.003); CDDP-D did not impact OS overall (HR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.41-1.21 p = 0.4), but in the TNM8-S III subgroup there was a trend toward decreased OS with CDDP-D < 200 mg/m2 (table). Conclusions: No linear CDDP-D effect on OS was seen for HPV+ OPC overall, although < 200 mg/m2 may be detrimental in TNM8-S III. TNM8-S separated OS well in this large cohort of uniformly treated pts. Suboptimal 5yOS (78%) in TNM8-S stage III HPV+ disease suggests the need for novel strategies in this setting. 5yOS and MVA by TNM8-S. Variable CDDP-D mg/m2 No of pts TNM8-S (No of pts) I (200) II (183) III (123) 5yOS % (95%CI) < 200 125 89% (79-100) 82% (71-95) 63% (44-89) = 200 224 93% (88-99) 80% (71-90) 90% (82-99) > 200 157 95% (90-100) 85% (75-96) 74% (61-89) p value 0.14 0.63 0.11 MVA:HR (95%CI) = 200 vs < 200> 200 vs < 200 0.58 (0.19-1.8,p = 0.35) 0.31 (0.08-1.28,p = 0.11) 1.18 (0.52-1.33 p = 0.69) 0.85 (0.31-2.3 p = 0.74) 0.38 (0.14-1.05, p = 0.06) 0.88 (0.37-2.11, p = 0.77)
Versatility of KF as Selective Fluorination of Organic Compounds for Halogen Exchange Reactions (2003)

Article Versatility of KF as Selective Fluorination of Organic Compounds for Halogen Exchange Reactions was published on February 1, 2003 in the journal Main Group Metal Chemistry (volume 26, issue 1).
Cover Feature: All‐Solid‐State Chloride‐Ion Battery with Inorganic Solid Electrolyte (ChemElectroChem 23/2021) (2021)

The Cover Feature illustrates an all-solid-state chloride-ion battery composed of a positive electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer. Chloride ions, which are abundant in the sea, shuttle inside the battery during charge-discharge reaction. More information can be found in the Communication by R. Sakamoto et al.
Endoscopic approaches to small intestinal strictures (2023)

In recurrent benign strictures and malignant GOO, EUS-GE has recently gained momentum in providing an effective and a well tolerated alternative. Individualized therapy centered around the patient's prognosis and preference while factoring in the local expertise for the specific indication is vital.
Strain differences in latent inhibition (1998)

Latent inhibition (LI)—that is, retarded conditioning to a stimulus following its nonreinforced pre-exposure—was tested in inbred Buffalo Dark-Agouti (DA) rats. Unlike albino outbred Wistar rats, which showed LI to both tone and flashing light in a conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure, DA rats showed LI to light but not to tone. The same pattern was obtained in DA rats in a two-way active-avoidance procedure. In addition, DA rats failed to show LI to white noise. LI to tone in CER was not restored by increasing the number of preexposures or by the administration of haloperidol. This is a first demonstration of strain differences in LI acquisition. Since LI disruption characterizes specific neuropsychiatric disorders, the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the failure to develop LI, when this failure is not caused by external manipulations (e.g., by a drug or a lesion), may be important for understanding the neural substrates of this deficit.