gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion braiding and band knots in plasmonic arrays with broken symmetries (2023)

Periodic arrays can support highly nontrivial modal dispersion, stemming from the interplay between localized resonances of the array elements and distributed resonances supported by the lattice. Recently, intentional defects in the periodicity, i.e., broken <i>in situ</i> symmetries, have been attracting significant attention as a powerful degree of freedom for dispersion control. Here we explore highly nontrivial dispersion features in the resonant response of linear arrays of plasmonic particles, including the emergence of braiding and band knots caused by band folding. We show that these phenomena can be achieved within simple dipolar arrays for which we can derive closed-form expressions for the dispersion relation. These phenomena showcase powerful opportunities stemming from broken symmetries for extreme dispersion engineering, with a wide range of applications, from plasma physics to topological wave phenomena. Our theoretical model can also be generalized to higher dimensions to explore higher-order symmetries, e.g., glide symmetry and quasi-periodicity.
Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women With Moderate to Severe Alcohol Consumption Is Related to Infant Developmental Outcomes (2018)

Thyroid function in PAE is sufficiently disrupted to lead to alterations in serum FT3 levels. The contrast in findings between PAE and abstinent dyads in their association of maternal thyroid function and infant development further suggests that such disruption is present and may contribute to adverse neurodevelopment. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between peripheral thyroid indices during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the context of PAE.
PI3K inhibition and modulation of immune and tumor microenvironment markers by copanlisib in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or advanced solid tumors (2018)

Background: Copanlisib, a pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with predominant activity against α and δ isoforms, shows immune stimulating effects and anti-tumor activity in combination with immune checkpoint blockers in tumor models. Here we explore tumor PI3K signaling and the effects of copanlisib on immune and tumor microenvironment modulation in subjects with NHL and solid tumors (ST) in a phase I pharmacodynamic study (NCT02155582). Methods: Patients received 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg (equivalent to a flat dose of 60 mg) copanlisib on an intermittent schedule (QW, IV, 3 wks on/1 wk off). Tumor biopsies were performed at baseline and Day 15. Tumor PI3K isoforms, PTEN, and CD3, CD4 and CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed by IHC. Plasma protein markers were measured using multiplexed immunoassay. Tumor and lymphoma responses were based on RECIST 1.1 and modified Cheson 2007 criteria, respectively. Results: A total of 61 patients were treated: 33 NHL (20 at 0.4 mg/kg and 13 at 0.8 mg/kg) and 28 ST (14 at 0.4 mg/kg and 14 at 0.8 mg/kg). Among patients treated at 0.8 mg/kg, 2 had CR (PTCL and DLBCL) and 5 had PR (MCL, FL, 2 DLBCL, and endometrial adenocarcinoma); 1 additional PR (DLBCL) occurred at 0.4 mg/kg. Tumor PI3K α was detected in most NHL (18/19) and ST (22/25) samples with comparable intensity. PI3K δ was predominantly present in NHL (18/19). PI3K ß and γ were present in a subset of NHL and ST. PTEN loss was more frequent in ST than NHL. CD3, CD4 and CD8 TIL numbers were higher in NHL than in ST. At 0.8 mg/kg copanlisib decreased tumor pAKT and pS6 in both NHL and ST, and reduced CD4 TILs in NHL (mean -81%, n = 7), with little effect on CD8 TILs in both NHL and ST. In plasma, copanlisib decreased cytokine/chemokines (e.g. CCL2, CCL5, CCL17), and factors associated with macrophages (e.g. CD163, CCL4, CCL22) and Treg cells (IL-2Ra). High baseline levels of CD27 and IL2Ra were associated with tumor reduction in NHL (p < 0.05, unadjusted). Conclusions: The high prevalence of the PI3K isoforms – especially α in both NHL and ST and δ in NHL – is consistent with a role for PI3K signaling in immune suppression. The immune modulation profile for copanlisib supports combination studies with immunotherapy. Clinical trial identification: NCT02155582. Legal entity responsible for the study: Bayer AG. Funding: Bayer AG. Disclosure: I. Genvresse, K. Koechert, G. Cisternas, C. Granvil, C. Pena, L. Liu: Employee: Bayer. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Lymph Node Subcapsular Sinus Macrophages as the Frontline of Lymphatic Immune Defense (2019)

Lymphatic vessels collect and transport lymph and pathogens to the draining lymph node (LN) to generate proper immune protection. A layer of macrophages that strategically line the LN subcapsular sinus (SCS) is directly exposed to the afferent lymph and are denoted as SCS macrophages. These macrophages are the frontline of immune defense that interact with lymph-borne antigens. The importance of these macrophages in limiting the spread of pathogens has been demonstrated in both viral and bacterial infection. In anti-microbial responses, these macrophages can directly or indirectly activate other LN innate immune cells to fight against pathogens, as well as activate T cells or B cells for adaptive immunity. As the first layer of immune cells embracing the tumor-derived antigens, SCS macrophages also actively participate in cancer immune regulation. Recent studies have shown that the LNs' SCS macrophage layer is interrupted in disease models. Despite their importance in fighting the spread of pathogens and in activating anti-tumor immunity, the mechanism and the immunological functional consequences for their disruption are not well-understood. Understanding the mechanism of these macrophages will enhance their capability for therapeutic targeting.
Cellular automata based models of wireless sensor networks (2009)

Large scale wireless sensor networks present interesting challenges in many applications due to a number of factors, such as, energy constraints, the dynamic nature of the network topology and various application needs. An important issue is how the sensor nodes can achieve efficient global behavior under distributed control mechanisms? One of many possible solutions is to construct a self-organized wireless sensor network to deal with this challenge. This paper presents an algorithm to construct a self-organized wireless sensor network based on two dimensional cellular automata that can provide better understanding for how local behavior at node level influences the overall system behavior and affect the system performance. Two types of Cellular Automata (CA) are considered; for the synchronous CA based system; the regular patterns are identified and discussed. To overcome some limitations arising from the use of a synchronous CA implementation an asynchronous CA is employed.
Zur Kenntnis der N‐Hydroxy‐dicarbonsäureimide und ihrer o‐Sulfonylverbindungen, einer neuen Klasse organischer Fungizide (1958)

Abstract Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der O ‐Acylverbindungen cyclischer N ‐Hydroxydicarbonsäureimide wird eine Betrachtung über die für den Pflanzenschutz‐Sektor entwickelten organischen Fungizide angestellt. Es folgt eine kurze Übersicht über die Konstitutionsaufklärung des N ‐Hydroxyphthalimids (III, sogen. Phthaloxim). — Die Lossen sche Umlagerung der O ‐Sulfonylverbindungen cyclischer N ‐Hydroxydicarbonsäureimide mit primären, sekundären und tertiären Aminen wird beschrieben. Der Reaktionsverlauf dieser Umlagerung wird diskutiert. Die Konstitution der Reaktionsprodukte wird durch Vergleichs‐Synthesen oder durch chemische Umwandlungen bewiesen.
Plasma Adiponectin Complexes Have Distinct Biochemical Characteristics (2008)

Adipocytes release the secretory protein adiponectin in a number of different higher-order complexes. Once synthesized and assembled in the secretory pathway of the adipocyte, these complexes circulate as biochemically distinct and stable entities with little evidence of interchange between the different forms that include a high-molecular-weight (HMW) species, a hexamer (low-molecular-weight form), and a trimeric form of the complexes. Here, we validate a high-resolution gel filtration method that reproducibly separates the three complexes in recombinant adiponectin and adiponectin from human and murine samples. We demonstrate that the HMW form is prominently reduced in male vs. female subjects and in obese, insulin-resistant vs. lean, insulin-sensitive individuals. A direct comparison of human and mouse adiponectin demonstrates that the trimer is generally more abundant in human serum. Furthermore, when the production of adiponectin is reduced, either by obesity or in mice carrying only a single functional allele of the adiponectin locus, then the amount of the HMW form is selectively reduced in circulation. The complex distribution of adiponectin can be regulated in several ways. Both mouse and human HMW adiponectin are very stable under basic conditions but are exquisitely labile under acidic conditions below pH 7. Murine and human adiponectin HMW forms also display differential susceptibility to the presence of calcium in the buffer. A mutant form of adiponectin unable to bind calcium is less susceptible to changes in calcium concentrations. However, the lack of calcium binding results in a destabilization of the structure. Disulfide bond formation (at position C39) is also important for complex formation. A mutant form of adiponectin lacking C39 prominently forms HMW and trimer but not the low-molecular-weight form. Injection of adiponectin with a fluorescent label reveals that over time, the various complexes do not interconvert in vivo. The stability of adiponectin complexes highlights that the production and secretion of these forms from fat cells has a major influence on the circulating levels of each complex.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CARBON‐13 AND TIN‐119 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF A SERIES OF 2‐(TRIORGANOSTANNYL)BUTANES (1978)

Abstract Verschiedene Methoden zur Darstellung optisch aktiver Triorgano‐sek.‐butylstannane (I) werden unter Angabe der Konfigurationen beschrieben.
Plasma IL‐8 and IL‐6 levels can be used to define a group with low risk of septicaemia among cancer patients with fever and neutropenia (1999)

The standard therapy for patients with fever and chemotherapy-related neutropenia is hospitalization and infusion of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Early discharge of a defined group of patients at low risk for septicaemia would be of great advantage for these patients. In this study plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels measured at start of fever (n = 72) could define a low-risk group of febrile patients with neutropenia due to chemotherapy. For this purpose we collected and analysed data on 72 fever episodes from 53 patients with chemotherapy-related neutropenia, aged between 1 and 66 years. Of the 72 episodes, 18 were classified as bacteraemia and/or clinical sepsis (sepsis group). The IL-6 and IL-8 plasma concentration were significantly increased in patients with chemotherapy-related neutropenia and fever due to bacteraemia versus fever of non-bacterial origin (P = 0.043 and P = 0.022 respectively). Logistic regression analysis, with sepsis as the outcome variable, revealed significant effects of age combined with either IL-6 or IL-8. Sepsis occurrence was lowest for patients <16 years and highest in patients between 16 and 50 years, and was higher in patients with increased IL-6 (P = 0.032) or IL-8 (P = 0.049). No significant effect of leucocyte count, C-reactive protein, sex or underlying malignancy at presentation was detected. The plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels were fairly strongly correlated (Pearson r = 0.62). Using a cut-off value with 100% sensitivity, both IL-8 and IL-6 could define a low-risk group of neutropenic patients of 28% (CI 15-40%) at the start of the febrile period. Intervention studies are warranted to confirm this result and to investigate whether an early discharge based on IL-8 or IL-6 measurement is safe, increases the quality of life, and results in cost savings.
Ray: A Distributed Framework for Emerging AI Applications (2017)

The next generation of AI applications will continuously interact with the environment and learn from these interactions. These applications impose new and demanding systems requirements, both in terms of performance and flexibility. In this paper, we consider these requirements and present Ray---a distributed system to address them. Ray implements a unified interface that can express both task-parallel and actor-based computations, supported by a single dynamic execution engine. To meet the performance requirements, Ray employs a distributed scheduler and a distributed and fault-tolerant store to manage the system's control state. In our experiments, we demonstrate scaling beyond 1.8 million tasks per second and better performance than existing specialized systems for several challenging reinforcement learning applications.
Potentiation of the anti-tumour efficacy of 90Y-SMT487 with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in nude mouse models (2000)

s: Abstracts of an International Conference on Peptide Radiopharmaceuticals in Diagnosis and Therapy Rome, Italy, 25-28 May 2000: Oral Presentations
Selection of Hypercellulolytic Mutants of Trichoderma reesei Based on Resistance to Nystatin (1983)

Nystatin-resistant mutants of Trichoderma reesei were isolated, and several derived from the wild strain showed increased production of cellulase. Thus, the concept of gaining greater enzyme release through interference with membrane function was confirmed. Certain nystatin-resistant mutants derived from the hypercellulolytic strain RUT-C30 also showed increased cellulase yields, but these strains proved unstable and reverted to giving basal enzyme yields.
3D CMOS integration: Introduction of dynamic coupling and application to compact and robust 4T SRAM (2008)

This paper presents an innovative structure based on 3 dimensional integration technology, where ultra thin inter layer dielectric enables a dynamic threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) control. A sequential process flow is proposed to fabricate 3D devices with dynamically tunable V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> . This ability can be exploited to design SRAMs cells with increased stability and surface density compared to planar technology. Promising results in term of density and stability using TCAD simulations are shown for a 4T SRAM load-less cell.
Development of Spherical Motor (Torque Generating Method to the Arbitrary Direction in an Arbitrary Posture) (2012)

Spherical motor is a multi-degrees of freedom actuator which can be rotated in various directions. However, the control method of the completely arbitrary direction was not fully established in the conventional research. Usually, there were limitation of an angle and a problem of accuracy. In this paper, the general theory which generates torque in the arbitrary direction is proposed using a rotor which has arbitrarily arranged magnets, and a stator which has arbitrarily arranged coils. The theory uses the torque map which included the influence of all the magnets of the rotor. Desired torque is generated by resultant of the torque vector which the coils generate. Therefore, strict control is possible however complicated the pattern of the magnetic field is. First, the technique of the torque generation in the arbitrary direction and the creation method of a torque map are explained. Then, the basic experimental result in the case of the spherical motor with the hexahedron based rotor and the octahedron based stator is reported.
Single-particle tracking localization microscopy reveals nonaxonemal dynamics of intraflagellar transport proteins at the base of mammalian primary cilia (2019)

Primary cilia play a vital role in cellular sensing and signaling. An essential component of ciliogenesis is intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is involved in IFT protein recruitment, axonemal engagement of IFT protein complexes, and so on. The mechanistic understanding of these processes at the ciliary base was largely missing, because it is challenging to observe the motion of IFT proteins in this crowded region using conventional microscopy. Here, we report short-trajectory tracking of IFT proteins at the base of mammalian primary cilia by optimizing single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy for IFT88-mEOS4b in live human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Intriguingly, we found that mobile IFT proteins "switched gears" multiple times from the distal appendages (DAPs) to the ciliary compartment (CC), moving slowly in the DAPs, relatively fast in the proximal transition zone (TZ), slowly again in the distal TZ, and then much faster in the CC. They could travel through the space between the DAPs and the axoneme without following DAP structures. We further revealed that BBS2 and IFT88 were highly populated at the distal TZ, a potential assembly site. Together, our live-cell single-particle tracking revealed region-dependent slowdown of IFT proteins at the ciliary base, shedding light on staged control of ciliary homeostasis.
Antigenic variation of Streptococcus mutans colonizing gnotobiotic rats (1975)

Strains of Streptococcus mutans representative of serotypes b and d exhibited antigenic variation in both the oral cavity and in the intestinal canal of gnotobiotic rats. Laboratory-maintained cultures did not vary. The antigenic alterations observed were: (i) loss of detectable levels of both weakly reacting "strain" antigens and the type antigen; (ii) decreased production of the type antigen; (ii) production of altered type antigen; and (iv) production of an antigen not possessed by the parent strain. Immunization of animals before monoinfection with S. mutans strain Bob-1 (serotype d) appeared to increase the rate of emergence of antigenically altered mutants in the intestinal canal, and more diversely altered isolates were obtained. Antigenic variation may account in part for the variation noted by several investigators in attempting to immunize animals against S. mutans-induced dental caries.
Seizures and Epilepsy: An Overview for Neuroscientists (2015)

Epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling neurologic conditions, yet we have an incomplete understanding of the detailed pathophysiology and, thus, treatment rationale for much of epilepsy. This article reviews the clinical aspects of seizures and epilepsy with the goal of providing neuroscientists an introduction to aspects that might be amenable to scientific investigation. Seizures and epilepsy are defined, diagnostic methods are reviewed, various clinical syndromes are discussed, and aspects of differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are considered to enable neuroscientists to formulate basic and translational research questions.
Co-Prescription Trends in a Large Cohort of Subjects Predict Substantial Drug-Drug Interactions (2015)

Pharmaceutical prescribing and drug-drug interaction data underlie recommendations on drug combinations that should be avoided or closely monitored by prescribers. Because the number of patients taking multiple medications is increasing, a comprehensive view of prescribing patterns in patients is important to better assess real world pharmaceutical response and evaluate the potential for multi-drug interactions. We obtained self-reported prescription data from NHANES surveys between 1999 and 2010, and confirm the previously reported finding of increasing drug use in the elderly. We studied co-prescription drug trends by focusing on the 2009-2010 survey, which contains prescription data on 690 drugs used by 10,537 subjects. We found that medication profiles were unique for individuals aged 65 years or more, with ≥98 unique drug regimens encountered per 100 subjects taking 3 or more medications. When drugs were viewed by therapeutic class, it was found that the most commonly prescribed drugs were not the most commonly co-prescribed drugs for any of the 16 drug classes investigated. We cross-referenced these medication lists with drug interaction data from Drugs.com to evaluate the potential for drug interactions. The number of drug alerts rose proportionally with the number of co-prescribed medications, rising from 3.3 alerts for individuals prescribed 5 medications to 11.7 alerts for individuals prescribed 10 medications. We found 22% of elderly subjects taking both a substrate and inhibitor of a given cytochrome P450 enzyme, and 4% taking multiple inhibitors of the same enzyme simultaneously. By examining drug pairs prescribed in 0.1% of the population or more, we found low agreement between co-prescription rate and co-discussion in the literature. These data show that prescribing trends in treatment could drive a large extent of individual variability in drug response, and that current pairwise approaches to assessing drug-drug interactions may be inadequate for predicting real world outcomes.
Supplementary Table from Tucatinib has Selective Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers and Significant Combined Activity with Approved and Novel Breast Cancer–Targeted Therapies (2023)

Supplementary Table from Tucatinib has Selective Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers and Significant Combined Activity with Approved and Novel Breast Cancer–Targeted Therapies
Multiple-Source Multiple-Sink Maximum Flow in Directed Planar Graphs in $O(n^{1.5} \log n)$ Time (2010)

We give an $O(n^{1.5} \log n)$ algorithm that, given a directed planar graph with arc capacities, a set of source nodes and a set of sink nodes, finds a maximum flow from the sources to the sinks.
Novel Colchicine-Site Binders with a Cyclohexanedione Scaffold Identified through a Ligand-Based Virtual Screening Approach (2014)

Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) constitute an innovative anticancer therapy that targets the tumor endothelium, leading to tumor necrosis. Our approach for the identification of new VDAs has relied on a ligand 3-D shape similarity virtual screening (VS) approach using the ROCS program as the VS tool and as query colchicine and TN-16, which both bind the α,β-tubulin dimer. One of the hits identified, using TN-16 as query, has been explored by the synthesis of its structural analogues, leading to 2-(1-((2-methoxyphenyl)amino)ethylidene)-5-phenylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (compound 16c) with an IC50 = 0.09 ± 0.01 μM in HMEC-1 and BAEC, being 100-fold more potent than the initial hit. Compound 16c caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and interacted with the colchicine-binding site in tubulin, as confirmed by a competition assay with N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) and by fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, 16c destroyed an established endothelial tubular network at 1 μM and inhibited the migration and invasion of human breast carcinoma cells at 0.4 μM. In conclusion, our approach has led to a new chemotype of promising antiproliferative compounds with antimitotic and potential VDA properties.
Bistability between Different Localized Structures in Nonlinear Optics (2004)

We report the observation of different localized structures coexisting for the same parameter values in an extended system. The experimental findings are carried out in a nonlinear optical interferometer and are fully confirmed by numerical simulations. The existence of each kind of localized structure is put in relation to a corresponding delocalized pattern observed. A quantitative evaluation of the range of pump parameter allowing bistability between localized structures is given. The phenomenon reported results to be robust in parameter space.