gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving Data Classification and Similarity Evaluation for Distributed Systems (2016)

Data classification is a widely used data mining technique for big data analysis. By training massive data collected from the real world, data classification helps learners discover hidden data patterns. In addition to data training, given a trained model from collected data, a user can classify whether a new incoming data belongs to an existing class, or, multiple distributed entities may collaborate to test the similarity of their trained results. However, due to data locality and privacy concerns, it is infeasible for large-scale distributed systems to share each individual's datasets with each other for data similarity check. On the one hand, the trained model is an entity's private asset and may leak private information, which should be well protected from all other non-collaborative entities. On the other hand, the new incoming data may contain sensitive information which cannot be disclosed directly for classification. To address the above privacy issues, we propose a privacy-preserving data classification and similarity evaluation scheme for distributed systems. With our scheme, neither new arriving data nor trained models are directly revealed during the classification and similarity evaluation procedures. The proposed scheme can be applied to many fields using data classification and evaluation. Based on extensive real-world experiments, we have also evaluated the privacy preservation, feasibility, and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Pull-In Dynamics of an Elastic Beam Actuated by Distributed Electrostatic Force (2003)

A detailed study of the transient nonlinear dynamics of an electrically actuated micron scale beam is presented. A model developed using the Galerkin procedure with normal modes as a basis accounts for the distributed nonlinear electrostatic forces, nonlinear distributed squeezed film damping forces, and rotational inertia of a mass carried by the beam. Special attention is paid to the dynamics of the beam near instability points. Results generated by the model and confirmed experimentally show that nonlinear damping leads to shrinkage of the spatial region where stable motion is realizable. The voltage that causes dynamic instability, in turn, approaches the static pull-in value.
Frequency performance enhancement of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on diamond (2009)

The performance of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on diamond substrate is reported. Presented is a device with a gate footprint LG=40 nm and a periphery WG=100 µm that exhibits fT=85 GHz and fmax=95 GHz. It is believed that this represents the best frequency performance of a GaN-on-diamond HEMT.
Comparing Dynamic Parameters of Tumor Vascularization in Nude Mice Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Contrast-Enhanced Intermittent Power Doppler Sonography (2003)

Dynamic MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound are supplementing methods for examining perfusion and vascularity of experimental tumors.
Effects of Rho Kinase Inhibitors on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Nonhuman Primates and Rabbits (2016)

Y-27632 and H-1152 lower IOP in rabbits and hypertensive eyes of NHPs for at least 6 h after single doses. The Y-27632 effect on IOP in hypertensive NHP eyes is caused by increases in outflow facility and uveoscleral outflow. An increase in aqueous humor formation attenuates but does not prevent an IOP decrease.
Titanium Dioxide‐Based 64∘ YX LiNbO3 Surface Acoustic Wave Hydrogen Gas Sensors (2008)

Amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and gold (Au) doped TiO 2 ‐based surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have been investigated as hydrogen gas detectors. The nanocrystal‐doped TiO 2 films were synthesized through a sol‐gel route, mixing a Ti‐butoxide‐based solution with diluted colloidal gold nanoparticles. The films were deposited via spin coating onto 64 ∘ YX LiNbO 3 SAW transducers in a helium atmosphere. The SAW gas sensors were operated at various temperatures between 150 and 310 ∘ C. It was found that gold doping on TiO 2 increased the device sensitivity and reduced the optimum operating temperature.
A continuous-time &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulator with 91dB dynamic range in a 2 MHz signal bandwidth using a dual switched-capacitor return-to-zero DAC (2015)

DACs based on switched-capacitor feedback are used in CTΔΣMs to achieve low jitter sensitivity. Unfortunately, they all severely compromise the alias rejection of the modulator around multiples of the sampling frequency. We introduce the Dual Switched-Capacitor Return-to-Zero (Dual-SCRZ) DAC, which addresses this problem. It combines the low clock jitter sensitivity of a Switched-Capacitor DAC with the low peak-to-average ratio characteristic of an NRZ DAC. A single-bit continuous-time ΔΣ modulator that uses the Dual-SCRZ technique and opamp-assistance to improve linearity and reduce jitter sensitivity achieves 91/85.1/83dB DR/SNR/SNDR in a 2MHz bandwidth. Operating at a sampling rate of 256MHz in a 0.18μm CMOS process, the CTDSM dissipates 14.8mW from a 1.8V supply.
Spin-polarized charge carrier injection by tunneling from ferromagnetic contacts into organic semiconductors (2010)

Tunnel-injection of spin-polarized charge carriers from ferromagnetic contacts into organic semiconductors is modeled. Tunneling matrix elements and transition rates for the two spin types are calculated using a transfer Hamiltonian. The tunneling process occurs between extended states of the contact and model “molecular” orbitals. We explore the effects of the tunnel barrier height and of the ferromagnetic contact’s Fermi wave vectors on the level of spin injection. The barrier height and the majority and minority spin Fermi wave vectors of the contact have strong effects on the sign and magnitude of spin injection.
Central high mobility group box-1 induces mechanical hypersensitivity with spinal microglial activation in a mouse model of hemi-Parkinson’s disease (2021)

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients often complain of pain, but this problem has been neglected and is poorly understood. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), an alarmin/damage-associated molecular patterns protein, is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid in PD patients. However, little is known of the relationship between HMGB1 and pain associated with PD. Here, we investigated the role of central HMGB1 in the regulation of nociceptive hypersensitivity in a mouse model of PD. Male ddY mice were microinjected unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) into the striatum. These hemi-PD mice were treated with anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody (nAb; 10 µg in 10 µL) by intranasal (i.n.) administration. The mechanical hypersensitivity of the hind paws was evaluated with the von Frey test. Spinal microglial activity was analyzed by immunostaining for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. The 6OHDA-administered mice displayed unilateral loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and mechanical hypersensitivity in both hind paws. Moreover, spinal microglia were activated in these hemi-PD mice. Twenty-eight days after the 6OHDA injections, repeated i.n., but not systemic, treatment with anti-HMGB1 nAb inhibited the bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity and spinal microglial activation. However, the anti-HMGB1 nAb did not ameliorate the dopamine neuron loss. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection with recombinant HMGB1 induced mechanical hypersensitivity. These findings indicate that HMGB1 is involved in the maintenance of nociceptive symptoms in hemi-PD mice via spinal microglial activation. Therefore, central HMGB1 may have potential as a therapeutic target for pain associated with PD.
P1.14 ANALYSIS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING DYNAMICS (2015)

Diastolic filling of the left ventricle (LV) occurs in two phases, early and late filling. Early filling, manifest as the “E-wave”, is thought to be substantially due to diastolic suction (DS), a phenomenon where the LV aspirates blood and fills itself, independent of atrial activity. Late filling, resulting in the mitral flow “A-wave” is a result of left atrial contraction. Adequate filling of the LV is necessary to maintain normal heart function at rest and under stress. DS is thought to be an important mechanism in the efficiency of filling. To study DS, we have invasively measured pressure and used cardiac MRI to evaluate cavitary volume and flow in an animal model to quantify different measures of DS under varied experimental conditions. The amount of filling due to DS (VDS), determined by the change in volume between mitral valve opening and LV pressure minimum of the pressure-volume loop (Katz 1930), is related to the measured end systolic volume (ESV). As ESV decreases the VDS increases. The smaller the ESV, the larger the recoil energy of the LV as it relaxes towards resting volume. This contributes increased energy for the suction of blood into the ventricle in early filling. Wave intensity analysis (the separation of forward and backwards waves and wave type) and intraventricular pressure gradients will also be considered in order to determine which best describes DS and whether they can be used together to better understand changes in filling dynamics under varied loading conditions.
Effect of Precipitates on Recrystallisation Temperature in Cu&ndash;Cr, Cu&ndash;Zr and Cu&ndash;Zr&ndash;Cr Alloys (1973)

In a previous paper, it was reported that the high recrystallisation temperature of Cu–Cr, Cu–Zr and Cu–Zr–Cr alloys was due to the formation of fine precipitates during recrystallisation, which obstructed dislocation climb, glide and grain boundary migration.In the present paper, the recrystallisation behaviours in Cu–Cr, Cu–Zr and Cu–Zr–Cr alloys quenched, tempered (at 350, 450, 500, 550 and 700°C), heavily cold worked and annealed at various temperatures were studied by the resistometric method, measurements of mechanical properties and transmission electron microscopy. No fine precipitates were detected at dislocations or sub-boundaries in the low temperature annealing stage, but fine precipitates, which retard recovery, must exist since electrical resistivity decreased during low temperature annealing. The mechanism of retardation of recovery is due to the binding of dislocation jogs by fine precipitates. In the high annealing temperature range, the growth of precipitates and crystal grains was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the effect of precipitates on the retardation of recrystallisation was also detected.The size of precipitates formed during tempering before cold working did not affect the recrystallisation temperature, because the precipitates were broken up by heavy cold work and were thus made a constant size.
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (2014)

This chapter discusses porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in the broader sense of mixed respiratory infections that occur in swine of any age. It demonstrates a clear trend towards increasing case numbers of pneumonia due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Actinobacillus suis. The increased incidence of PRRSV, PCV2, and A. suis-induced pneumonia is most remarkable. The sixfold increase in SIV can in large part be explained by the introduction of subtype H3N2 into the United States in 1998. The number of cases of pneumonia due to pseudorabies virus (PRV), A. pleuropneumoniae, and Salmonella choleraesuis is steady or decreasing. The chapter discusses some of the successful models of mixed infection and theories as to the pathogenic mechanisms of interaction. Epidemiological evidence that secondary bacterial infections often follow viral respiratory diseases is well documented. Although some of these superinfections have been replicated experimentally, specific mechanisms of interactions are poorly understood and often inferred based on pathogenesis of the viral infections. PRV, possibly porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), SIV, and PRRSV are all common viral respiratory pathogens of pigs, and all have been variously implicated in increasing the incidence of bacterial respiratory disease in herds which circulate the viruses. The chapter also talks about methods of treatment or prevention of respiratory disease in swine herds, which fall into the categories of management changes, vaccination, and antibiotic usage.
The generation of nerve impulses in mammalian axons by changing the concentrations of the normal constituents of extracellular fluid. (1978)

1. Experiments have been performed to determine what changes in normal constituents of extracellular fluid are necessary to generate action potentials in mammalian axons. 2. Single and multifibre preparations of rat spinal roots were tested with Krebs solutions in which Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, pH, PCO2 or osmotic pressure were varied. 3. [Ca2+] below 1.0 mM produced impulses in all preparations. Lowering [Mg2+] did not generate any impulses but did enhance the response to low [Ca2+]. 4. Increasing [Na+] or [K+] caused excitation in some of the multifibres; increased [Na+] evoked 'off' responses in two single fibre preparations. The response to low [Ca2+] was enhanced by increasing [Na+] and depressed by increasing [K+]. 5. Increasing the osmotic pressure (with glucose) did not generate impulses and depressed the response to low [Ca2+]. 6. Changing the pH of Krebs solution did not generate impulses, but modified the response to other stimuli. The response to low [Ca2+] was increased as pH increased from pH 7.4 to 8.2, and decreased with pH in the range pH 7.4‐‐6.2. 7. Altering pCO2 did not have any effect on the responses to low [Ca2+] unless pH also changed.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of HMF under Solar Irradiation: Coupling of Microemulsion and Lyophilization to Obtain Innovative TiO2-Based Materials (2020)

The photocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived building blocks such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a promising reaction for obtaining valuable chemicals and the efficient long-term storage of solar radiation. In this work, we developed innovative TiO<sub>2</sub>-based materials capable of base-free HMF photo-oxidation in water using simulated solar irradiation. The materials were prepared by combining microemulsion and spray-freeze drying (SFD), resulting in highly porous systems with a large surface area. The effect of titania/silica composition and the presence of gold-copper alloy nanoparticles on the properties of materials as well as photocatalytic performance were evaluated. Among the lab-synthesized photocatalysts, Ti<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>85</sub> SFD and Au<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub>/Ti<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>85</sub> SFD achieved the higher conversions, while the best selectivity was observed for Au<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub>/Ti<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>85</sub> SFD. The tests with radical scavengers for both TiO<sub>2</sub>-m and Au<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub>/Ti<sub>15</sub>Si<sub>85</sub> SFD suggested that primary species responsible for the selective photo-oxidation of HMF are photo-generated electrons and/or superoxide radicals.
Three-Dimensional Brain Images in Preterm Children With Periventricular Leukomalacia (2012)

Three-dimensional MRI is a good tool that can be used to demonstrate brain lesions in stereo and differentiate the gray matter, white matter, and ventricles. Brain volume can also be accurately evaluated.
Does large volume of distribution of lidocaine masks its systemic uptake from bladder? (2023)

Whether rapid absorption of instilled lidocaine is complicated by an equally rapid and extensive dilution in body weight dependent Vd can be resolved by early blood sampling (<30 min) for: evidence-based medicine, avoidance of lidocaine toxicity in children and to educate the evolution of lidocaine solution to gel and devices.
Kolbe electrosynthesis of alkanes with multiple quaternary carbon atoms (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKolbe electrosynthesis of alkanes with multiple quaternary carbon atomsNorman Rabjohn and G. W. Flasch Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 20, 4082–4083Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00333a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00333a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Murein Hydrolase of the Bacteriophage φ3626 Dual Lysis System Is Active against All Tested Clostridium perfringens Strains (2002)

Clostridium perfringens commonly occurs in food and feed, can produce an enterotoxin frequently implicated in food-borne disease, and has a substantial negative impact on the poultry industry. As a step towards new approaches for control of this organism, we investigated the cell wall lysis system of C. perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, whose dual lysis gene cassette consists of a holin gene and an endolysin gene. Hol3626 has two membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) and is a group II holin. A positively charged beta turn between the two MSDs suggests that both the amino terminus and the carboxy terminus of Hol3626 might be located outside the cell membrane, a very unusual holin topology. Holin function was experimentally demonstrated by using the ability of the holin to complement a deletion of the heterologous phage lambda S holin in lambdadeltaSthf. The endolysin gene ply3626 was cloned in Escherichia coli. However, protein synthesis occurred only when bacteria were supplemented with rare tRNA(Arg) and tRNA(Ile) genes. Formation of inclusion bodies could be avoided by drastically lowering the expression level. Amino-terminal modification by a six-histidine tag did not affect enzyme activity and enabled purification by metal chelate affinity chromatography. Ply3626 has an N-terminal amidase domain and a unique C-terminal portion, which might be responsible for the specific lytic range of the enzyme. All 48 tested strains of C. perfringens were sensitive to the murein hydrolase, whereas other clostridia and bacteria belonging to other genera were generally not affected. This highly specific activity towards C. perfringens might be useful for novel biocontrol measures in food, feed, and complex microbial communities.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMINE VON N‐METHYL‐ UND N‐PHENYL‐PIPERAZIN 8. MITT. RK. MIT ELEKTROPHILEN REAGENZIEN (1973)

Abstract Die Enamine (Ia) reagieren mit Acrylonitril (II) zu den Additionsprodukten (III).
Challenges and Role of Catalysis inCO2Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels (2017)

Emissions of greenhouse gas from human activities, such as industrial processes, combustion of fossil fuels for energy and transportation are major reasons of today's climate changes. Carbon dioxide is the main component of greenhouse gases. In recent years, major scientific and technological efforts have been focused on carbon dioxide utilization processes which employ heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts and CO 2 as a feedstock. The present review describes and assesses the state of the art, challenges, economic issues, scientific, and technical solutions relevant to a wide range of catalytic processes for carbon dioxide valorization for manufacturing fuels and chemicals such as hydrogenation, hydrocarbon-based reactions, carbonate synthesis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and solar cycles. Several requirements to the design of catalysts and industrial processes for carbon dioxide valorization with respect to their potential for further development are discussed.
Optimizing the concentration of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide initiator in composite resins in relation to monomer conversion (2012)

The aim of this study was to optimize the concentration of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (Lucirin® TPO) in unfilled and filled composite resins in relation to the degree of conversion (DC). Increasing concentrations of Lucirin® TPO between 0.05-4.97 wt% were added to equimolar mixtures of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA. Filled resins contained 75 wt% fillers. Standardized samples were cured using a polywave LED light-curing unit (bluephase® G2, Ivoclar Vivadent). Increased initiator concentrations increased logarithmically the DC of unfilled and filled resins. The DC of unfilled resins was in the range of 73-91% at the top and 63-81% at the bottom surfaces and that of filled resins was in the range of 53-81% at the top and 47-70% at the bottom surfaces. The DC in unfilled and filled resins reached a plateau at 1.08 wt% and 1.50 wt% Lucirin® TPO, respectively. Fillers significantly reduced conversion but had no effect on the logarithmic relationship between initiator concentration and the DC.
Geochemistry and palaeo-hydrogeology of the weathered zone in the Opalinus Clay (2022)

The effects of weathering and decompaction on the Opalinus Clay in northern Switzerland were studied on the basis of a 146 m long drillcore profile. Below 6 m of Quaternary sediments, the rock down to 16 m depth is affected by partial or complete dissolution of siderite, calcite, pyrite and organic matter, with goethite as the only identified product. The reduction level of Fe (Fe2+/Fetot) in the rock increases with depth from <20% to >80% in unweathered rock below 24 m. Porosity reaches 0.39 in the shallowest samples before dropping to normal values of around 0.13 below 30 m. Pore-water composition obtained by rock squeezing evolves with depth from fresh water of the Ca-SO4-HCO3 type to a 10–12 g/L Na-SO4-Cl type in unweathered rock below 40 m. Ground-water samples taken in the weathered zone indicate reducing conditions at present and therefore reflect a remaining redox buffering capacity even in the strongly oxidised rock. The interpretation of the rock properties, in conjunction with the chemical and isotopic signatures of ground and pore waters, suggests that substantial weathering occurred primarily during stages with a lower ground-water table in the Pleistocene, providing access to oxygen via gas diffusion across the partially unsaturated zone. Three evolutionary stages can be distinguished: 1) Long-term pyrite oxidation during Pleistocene surface exposure under dry climate and diffusive transport of SO42− into the formation. This explains the higher SO42− pore-water concentrations even in the unweathered rock at depth when compared to regional data from deep boreholes. 2) Build-up of the curved Cl− and water-isotope diffusion profiles since ∼50–60 ka with a depth penetration of 40–80 m. 3) Holocene rise of the water table, leading to self sealing of fractures and the establishment of a diffusive regime in the weathered zone. Under saturated conditions, the depth penetration of rock oxidation is quite limited, which illustrates the substantial buffering capacity of the Opalinus Clay against external geochemical disturbances.