gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The bovine pericardial xenograft: III. Effect of uniaxial and sequential biaxial stress during fixation on the tensile viscoelastic properties of bovine pericardium (1989)

Our previous two articles have shown that glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium is nearly isotropic, whether fixed without constraints, with tethering, or with pressure. In this study, we have used uniaxial stress during fixation to produce bovine pericardial material with marked tensile anisotropy. Rectangular and cruciate pericardial samples have been mechanically examined after one of four treatments: (i) fixation under 88-kPa uniaxial stress, (ii) fixation under 176-kPa uniaxial stress, (iii) 3 h of 176-kPa uniaxial stress in saline followed by 24-h fixation under the same stress, (iv) fixation under 176-kPa uniaxial stress followed by a second fixation under 176-kPa stress in a direction normal to the first. Strips of material were cut at 0 degree, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees to direction of the initial stress, and tested for response to cyclic loading, stress relaxation, plastic deformation, and fracture properties. Fixation under uniaxial stress produced anistropy similar to that seen in porcine aortic valve leaflets; however, the overall extensibility of the material depended on the applied stress and the aspect ratio of the stressed sample. While loading in saline produced no change, the sequential biaxial stressing produced a reduction in anisotropy, suggesting exposure of additional crosslinking sites. Uniaxial stress during fixation may be a useful method for construction of anisotropic heart valve leaflets.
Synthesis, conformation, and biological activity of two fMLP‐OMe analogues containing the new 2‐[2′‐(methylthio) ethyl] methionine residue (1997)

The new Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acid residue 2-[2′-(methylthio) ethyl]methionine (Dmt) has been introduced into the reference chemotactic tripeptide HCO-Met-Leu-Phe-OMe (fMLP-OMe) in place of the leucine or methionine, respectively. The biological activity of the new analogues [Dmt2] fMLP-OMe (2) and [Dmt1] fMLP-OMe (3) has been determined; whereas 2 is active toward human neutrophils, stimulating directed migration, superoxide anion generation, and lysozyme release, 3 results practically inactive in all tested assays. A conformational analysis on 2 and 3 has been performed in solution by using ir absorption and 1H-nmr. The conformation of 2 was also examined in the crystal by x-ray diffraction methods. Both 2 and 3 adopt fully extended conformation in correspondence with the Dmt residue. Biological and conformational results are discussed and compared with related previously studied models. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 42: 415–426, 1997
Combining object-oriented and functional paradigms in a design methodology for Ada (1990)

Article Free Access Share on Combining object-oriented and functional paradigms in a design methodology for Ada Authors: Sidney C. Bailin CTA INCORPORATED, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD CTA INCORPORATED, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MDView Profile , Manju Bewtra CTA INCORPORATED, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD CTA INCORPORATED, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MDView Profile , J. Mike Moore CTA INCORPORATED, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD CTA INCORPORATED, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MDView Profile Authors Info & Claims TRI-Ada '90: Proceedings of the conference on TRI-ADA '90December 1990Pages 102–113https://doi.org/10.1145/255471.255511Published:01 December 1990Publication History 0citation356DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads356Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteeReaderPDF
PPARα and GR Differentially Down-Regulate the Expression of Nuclear Factor-κB-Responsive Genes in Vascular Endothelial Cells (2001)

The antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is mediated partly by the inhibition of the expression of several cytokines and adhesion molecules. Some activators for nuclear receptors other than the GR have also been shown to inhibit the expression of these inflammatory molecules, although their molecular mechanisms remain unidentified. We therefore examined the effects of the PPARalpha activator fenofibrate and the GR activator dexamethasone on TNFalpha-stimulated expression of IL-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vascular endothelial cells. Both fenofibrate and dexamethasone reduced TNFalpha-induced IL-6 production in human vascular endothelial cells, but only fenofibrate reduced TNFalpha-stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in these cells. Transient transfection of bovine aortic endothelial cells with an IL-6 promoter construct or a vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter construct revealed that fenofibrate inhibited TNFalpha-induced IL-6 promoter as well as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter activities, whereas dexamethasone inhibited only the former. EMSA demonstrated that both fenofibrate and dexamethasone reduced nuclear factor-kappaB binding to its recognition site on the IL-6 promoter, but only fenofibrate reduced such binding to the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter. Thus, down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB activity by PPARalpha occurs in both the IL-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 genes, whereas that by GR occurs only in the IL-6 gene in vascular endothelial cells. These results strongly suggest the existence of a target gene-specific mechanism for the nuclear receptor-mediated down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB activity.
Chronic hepatitis B in children, report of a single‐centre longitudinal study on 152 children (2020)

The aims of this prospective study were as follows: (1) to describe the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a large cohort of untreated children followed at a single centre and (2) to evaluate whether or not the new European Association for the Study of Liver (EASL) classification for the phases of HBV infection in adults can be used for children. All children who presented at the Liver Unit of our hospital from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2019 and were diagnosed with chronic HBV infection were enrolled. The final sample consisted of 152 children. The median duration of the follow-up was 83 months (range 7-232). At baseline, 125 patients (82.2%) were HBeAg positive (85.3% abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels), and 24 (15.8%) were HBeAg-negative (93.3% abnormal ALT). At the end of the observation period, 62 of the HBeAg-positive patients (40.7%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion (median age 9.45 years, range 0.8-19) and 2 (1.4%) achieved HBsAg seroconversion. Elevated ALT serum levels at baseline (P = .011), lower baseline HBV DNA levels (P < .001) and Asian ethnicity (P = .0001) were identified as predisposing factors towards HBeAg seroconversion. EASL criteria could not be applied to 43.3% and 43.5% of the children at baseline and at end of observation, respectively, that were grouped into an undetermined phenotype category. According to the results of the present study, the new EASL guidelines for adults with HBV infection cannot be applied in a satisfactory manner in children.
Palladium-Catalyzed Dimerization of Conjugated Diynes:  Synthesis of (E)-1,2-Divinyldiethynylethenes Having Donor and Acceptor Chromophores at the Terminus of Alkyne (2005)

(E)-1,2-Divinyldiethynylethenes (DVDEEs) having donor and acceptor chromophores at the terminals of alkyne unit 7' were synthesized by the palladium/HOAc-catalyzed dimerization of the conjugated diynes 8 bearing an Si group at the terminus of alkyne (R(1) position), followed by desilylation and subsequent Sonogashira reaction of the resulting terminal alkyne 10 with aryl iodides.
Multichannel active sound control using adaptive filtering (2003)

The active control of harmonic sound using multiple secondary sources and multiple error microphones is formulated in an adaptive digital filtering framework. A stochastic gradient algorithm is presented to minimize the sum of the squares of the error microphone outputs by adapting the coefficients of an array of FIR (finite-impulse response) filters driving the secondary sources. The properties and implementation of the algorithm are discussed and some results are presented which demonstrate that the noise at the engine firing frequency inside an automobile can be reduced by 10-15 dB using a practical implementation of such an active sound control system, which had a response time of 0.1 s in this application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A label-free immunosensor array using single-chain antibody fragments (2005)

We report a microcantilever-based immunosensor operated in static deflection mode with a performance comparable with surface plasmon resonance, using single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments as receptor molecules. As a model system scFv fragments with specificity to two different antigens were applied. We introduced a cysteine residue at the C terminus of each scFv construct to allow covalent attachment to gold-coated sensor interfaces in directed orientation. Application of an array enabled simultaneous deflection measurements of sensing and reference cantilevers. The differential deflection signal revealed specific antigen binding and was proportional to the antigen concentration in solution. Using small, oriented scFv fragments as receptor molecules we increased the sensitivity of microcantilevers to approximately 1 nM.
Decreasing extents of Archean serpentinization contributed to the rise of an oxidized atmosphere (2021)

At present, molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) produced through Fe(II) oxidation during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks represents a small fraction of the global sink for O<sub>2</sub> due to limited exposures of ultramafic rocks. In contrast, ultramafic rocks such as komatiites were much more common in the Early Earth and H<sub>2</sub> production via serpentinization was a likely factor in maintaining an O<sub>2</sub>-free atmosphere throughout most of the Archean. Using thermodynamic simulations, this work quantifies the global O<sub>2</sub> consumption attributed to serpentinization during the past 3.5 billion years. Results show that H<sub>2</sub> generation is strongly dependent on rock compositions where serpentinization of more magnesian lithologies generated substantially higher amounts of H<sub>2</sub>. Consumption of >2 Tmole O<sub>2</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> via low-temperature serpentinization of Archean continents and seafloor is possible. This O<sub>2</sub> sink diminished greatly towards the end of the Archean as ultramafic rocks became less common and helped set the stage for the Great Oxidation Event.
Antibodies From HIV-Positive and AIDS Patients Bind to an HIV Envelope Multivalent Vaccine (1999)

Summary: A major problem impeding development of an effective HIV vaccine is the rapid antigenic variability that is characteristic of several envelope glycoprotein epitopes. Frequent mutations alter the composition of the most immunogenic regions of the envelope glycoprotein. We have prepared a synthetic immunogen representing the evolution of the major hypervariable epitopes on the envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of HIV-1. Five synthetic constructs, representing each of the HIV-1 gp120 hypervariable epitopes were tested for recognition by antibodies from patients infected with HIV-1 from different geographic regions worldwide. An HIV-1 human plasma panel provided a representation of the antibodies recognizing subtype-specific epitope sequences prevalent at different parts of the world. The vaccine construct was recognized by antibodies from HIV-1-positive individuals infected with subtypes A, B, C, D, E, and F. Antibodies in pooled HIV-1 patient sera from San Francisco also recognized all five constructs. This complex immunogen was recognized by antibodies in sera from individual HIV-1-positive and AIDS patients from Puerto Rico and Canada, with a strong binding to the complete vaccine and the V3 component. Altogether, our results demonstrate that antibodies from seropositive patients infected with different HIV-1 clades recognize and bind to the HIV hypervariable epitope construct vaccine preparation and its individual components.
White light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices (2023)

A light-emitting device comprises a light-emitting member, which comprises two electrodes, at least two organic electroluminescent ("EL") materials disposed between the electrodes, a charge blocking material disposed between the electrodes, and at least one photoluminescent ("PL") material. The light-emitting member emits electromagnetic ("EM") radiation having a first spectrum in response to a voltage applied across the two electrodes. The PL material absorbs a portion of the EM radiation emitted by the light-emitting member and emits EM radiation having second spectrum different than the first spectrum. Each of the organic EL materials emits EM radiation having a wavelength range selected from the group consisting of blue and red wavelength ranges.
Design of Multifunctional Compliant Mechanisms for Minimally Invasive Surgery (2001)

Abstract This paper proposes incorporating compliant mechanisms into the design of minimally invasive surgical tools to help overcome current tool limitations — particularly to increase multifunctionality. To perform multiple unique functions, a compliant mechanism is designed with a single topology that allows multiple input forces to independently produce distinct output displacements. A multicriteria topology optimization procedure is developed for the design of compliant mechanisms, and the procedure is executed using Matlab. This method generates topologies displaying both sufficient compliance and stiffness for each load case by formulating the objective function as a ratio of mutual potential energy to strain energy. The total objective function is then assembled as the weighted sum of the objective functions for each load case. The optimization procedure is illustrated through the generation of topologies for a device based on a grasperscissors combination tool. Also addressed are factors which significantly influence the resulting solution, such as the weighting function value and starting point.
Glycosylation of β‐1 integrins in B16‐F10 mouse melanoma cells as determinant of differential binding and acquisition of biological activity (1995)

Studying B16-F10 cells we could identify beta-1 integrins as laminin, fibronectin and collagen receptors. Gradient ionic strength elution analysis of affinity chromatography showed differential interactions between laminin-binding beta-1 integrins (two beta-1 polypeptides of 105 and 120 kDa) and fibronectin and collagen-binding beta-1 integrins (elution of one major beta-1 polypeptide of 120 kDa) and their respective ligands. To evaluate this diversity we submitted B16-F10 extracts to IEF and SDS-PAGE and found that one beta-1 integrin formed acidic and larger isoforms, while another formed basic and smaller isoforms. To study this difference we also submitted material eluted from WGA-Sepharose columns to IEF but now only the acidic beta-1 isoform was found. Extracts of B16-F10 treated with neuraminidase showed only the basic beta-1 isoform, suggesting that terminal sialic acid residues may be responsible for this acidic pattern, an interpretation supported by the fact that MAA (Maackia ammurensis agglutinin) reacts only with the acidic isoform. Differential glycosylation of beta-1 integrin isoforms in B16-F10 was also demonstrated since the smaller laminin-binding beta-1 integrin isoform reacted only with GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin), whereas the mature larger form reacted with DSA (Datura stramonium agglutinin) and MAA; thus this heterogeneity of beta-1 chains is essentially due to variable glycosylation. Autoradiography and immunoblotting analysis of material separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis show that only the processed forms of beta-1 integrins are expressed at the cell surface.
Subexponential-time discrete logarithms and factoring (2008)

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Short-Timescale Thermometry and Reliability Studies of Metal Interconnects in VLSI Circuits (1996)

Abstract The failure of metal interconnects subjected to brief electrical-current pulses is a reliability concern in the integrated circuits industry, especially in connection with electrostatic discharge (ESD). The thermal design of interconnects and the study of their failure mechanisms require thermometry with high spatial and temporal resolution. This work uses scanning laser-reflectance thermometry to measure temperature distributions along metal interconnects subjected to electrical pulses of duration less than 1 μs and of peak current density over 1011 A/m2. The data reported here achieve temporal resolution better than 100 ns and spatial resolution near 1 μm. A calibration procedure for the temperature-dependent reflectance of interconnect structures is developed and the uncertainties associated with the prediction of this property are also discussed. Severe changes in the local interconnect surface topography are observed using atomic force microscopy when the local temperature rise exceeds 180 K for the passivated interconnects and 120 K for the unpassivated interconnects.
Effect of observer agent on ad hoc teamwork in the pursuit domain (2013)

As autonomous agents proliferate in the real world, both in software and robotic settings, they will increasingly need to band together for cooperative activities with previously unfamiliar teammates. Having autonomous agents capable of learning its previously unknown teammates' preferences and acting in harmony with them to achieve the system's end has been declared as a challenge to the AI. An agent capable of ad hoc teamwork is one that can effectively cooperate with multiple potential teammates on a set of collaborative tasks. This agent has to learn other agents' behaviours and preferences in order to be able to predict their actions on some level. This paper presents an empirical study of ad hoc teamwork, taking advantage of Observer System's merits. Specifically, we evaluate a learning mechanism for on-line behaviour generation on the part of a single ad hoc team agent that must collaborate with other unknown teammates in the pursuit domain.
StylePredict: Machine Theory of Mind for Human Driver Behavior From Trajectories (2020)

Studies have shown that autonomous vehicles (AVs) behave conservatively in a traffic environment composed of human drivers and do not adapt to local conditions and socio-cultural norms. It is known that socially aware AVs can be designed if there exist a mechanism to understand the behaviors of human drivers. We present a notion of Machine Theory of Mind (M-ToM) to infer the behaviors of human drivers by observing the trajectory of their vehicles. Our M-ToM approach, called StylePredict, is based on trajectory analysis of vehicles, which has been investigated in robotics and computer vision. StylePredict mimics human ToM to infer driver behaviors, or styles, using a computational mapping between the extracted trajectory of a vehicle in traffic and the driver behaviors using graph-theoretic techniques, including spectral analysis and centrality functions. We use StylePredict to analyze driver behavior in different cultures in the USA, China, India, and Singapore, based on traffic density, heterogeneity, and conformity to traffic rules and observe an inverse correlation between longitudinal (overspeeding) and lateral (overtaking, lane-changes) driving styles.
One-Pot Strategy for the Preparation of Electrically Conductive Composites Using Simultaneous Reduction and Grafting of Graphene Oxide via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2021)

In this work, a facile “one-pot” approach for the preparation of composites with tunable electrical conductivity and viscoelastic properties is presented. The effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction time and temperature as well as the structure and concentration of the tertiary amine used as a component of the catalytic complex, on the reduction of graphene oxide was investigated. The reaction conditions were optimized for the simultaneous GO reduction during the synthesis of two types of polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN). GO-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) (GO-g-PMMA) and GO-graft-poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (GO-g-SAN) hybrids with electrical conductivity ranging from 10–8 to 100 S cm–1 were prepared using selected tertiary amine-based ligands. Finally, the reaction conditions were adapted for the in situ preparation of GO-g-PMMA/PMMA and GO-g-SAN/SAN composites with electrical conductivity ranging from 10–14 to 10–4 S cm–1. The mechanical properties of the synthesized composites were compared with composites prepared from GO and commercial PMMA or SAN.
Hydrochloric Acidic Processing of Titanite Ore to Produce a Synthetic Analogue of Korobitsynite (2019)

The modal composition of (apatite)-nepheline-titanite ore and its geological setting within apatite deposits of the Khibiny Massif allow selective mining of titanite ore and its hydrochloric acidic processing. The reaction of titanite with concentrated hydrochloric acid produces hydrated titanosilicate precipitate (TSP) which, in turn, can be a precursor in titanosilicate synthesis. It is particularly noteworthy that a synthetic analogue of korobitsynite, Na5(Ti3Nb)[Si4O12]2O2(OH)2·7H2O, was synthesized by means of TSP alteration by alkaline hydrothermal solution at 200 °C within three days. The titanosilicate obtained this way has comparatively weak cation-exchange properties regarding Cs+ and Sr2+ cations and considerable photocatalytic activity occurring under visible light, which allows the use of a synthetic korobitsynite analogue (SKR) for production of self-cleaning, sterilizing, and anti-fouling building materials.
Short-Circuit Capability Demonstrated for GaN Power Switches (2021)

Short-circuit capability is essential for the adoption of GaN power devices in motor drives for industrial and automotive applications. In this work, we report an innovative solution for GaN power switches to achieve short-circuit withstanding time (SCWT) equal to or greater than 3 micro-seconds with limited increase in on-resistance. We discuss the technology, referred to as Short-Circuit Current Limiter (SCCL) and show the experimental results including static and dynamic Ron, 400-V short-circuit, inductive switching, off-state leakage and 1000-hour high-temperature reverse-bias stress. Thanks to extended SCWT, the SCCL technology allows the industry to adopt conventional short-circuit protection schemes, with sufficient immunity to noise and switching transients.
Three‐dimensional point spread function model for line‐scanning confocal microscope with high‐aperture objective (2007)

Point Spread Function (PSF) modelling is an important task in image formation analysis. In confocal microscopy, the exact PSF is rarely known, thus one has to rely on its approximation. An initial estimation is usually performed experimentally by measuring fluorescent beads or analytically by studying properties of the optical system. Yet, fluorescent line-scanning confocal microscopes are not widespread; therefore, very few adapted models are available in the literature. In this paper, we propose an analytical PSF model for line-scanning confocal microscopes. Validation is performed by measuring the error between our model and an experimental PSF measured with fluorescent beads, assumed to represent the real PSF. Comparison with existing models is also presented.