gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle Biopsy (2014)

Introduction Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for viewing the internal structures of the thoracic cavity. The procedure uses a rigid telescope placed through a portal positioned in the thoracic wall in order to examine the contents of the pleural cavity. Once the telescope is in place, either biopsy forceps or an assortment of surgical instruments can be introduced into the thoracic cavity through adjacent portals in the thorax to perform various diagnostic or surgical procedures.
Electrical power systems modeling and simulation using SIMULINK (1998)

The Power System Blockset enables the user to build models that simulate power systems rapidly and easily. Since it uses the SIMULINK environment, the electrical system built with the blocks from the blockset can be connected to other systems (mechanical, thermal, control etc.) in order to investigate the interactions between them. The Power System Blockset is compatible with all of the MATLAB application toolboxes and blocksets. This means that, for example, the Control System toolbox could be used to design a controller for the electrical system while the Optimization toolbox could be used to optimize the performance of the overall system. By integrating the Power System Blockset with STATEFLOvW, one can model and simulate complex reactive systems. Consistent with the open system philosophy of MATLAB, the Power System Blockset is completely extensible and can be used as a starting point for the creation of additional custom blocks.
A key malaria metabolite modulates vector blood seeking, feeding, and susceptibility to infection (2017)

Malaria infection renders humans more attractive to <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> sensu lato mosquitoes than uninfected people. The mechanisms remain unknown. We found that an isoprenoid precursor produced by <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, (<i>E</i>)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), affects <i>A. gambiae</i> s.l. blood meal seeking and feeding behaviors as well as susceptibility to infection. HMBPP acts indirectly by triggering human red blood cells to increase the release of CO<sub>2</sub>, aldehydes, and monoterpenes, which together enhance vector attraction and stimulate vector feeding. When offered in a blood meal, HMBPP modulates neural, antimalarial, and oogenic gene transcription without affecting mosquito survival or fecundity; in a <i>P. falciparum</i>-infected blood meal, sporogony is increased.
Understanding the role of viscous solvent confinement in the tribological behavior of polymer brushes: a bioinspired approach (2013)

Polymer brushes consisting of micrometer-long poly(dodecyl methacrylate) (P12MA) chains can impart very low coefficients of friction to surfaces sliding in oil. Under harsh tribological conditions, however, this behavior can only be maintained for long periods of time in the presence of highly viscous fluids, which appear to protect the brushes from wear. This behaviour is analogous to the lubricating mechanism in synovial joints, inasmuch as the confinement of pressurized synovial fluid in cartilage is partially responsible for the low wear rate of the system. Sliding induces solvent confinement within the brushes, provided that the viscosity is sufficiently high, and confinement can also be observed upon indentation at sufficient high rates. Such indentation experiments have been performed to characterize the mechanical (viscoelastic) behavior of the polymer brushes in solvents. By applying Hertzian contact theory and considering the stiffening of the polymer brushes upon compression, an effective elastic contact modulus of the P12MA brushes is obtained that is much higher than the equilibrium value. The proportion of the load carried by the fluid can also be estimated as a function of speed and viscosity. Thus, high solvent viscosity, as well as substantial brush height, can lead to a shielding of the polymer from the effects of the load, and the enhancement of the effective brush elastic modulus. This explains the observed low wear rates observed in tribological experiments in viscous liquids.
Identification of the Botanical Origin of Commercial Pine Nuts Responsible for Dysgeusia by Gas-Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Fatty Acid Profile (2011)

Over the last 10 years, complaints were increasingly reported from consumers that experienced dysgeusia following the consumption of pine nuts. In the present study, pine nuts samples (N = 16) from consumers that reported dysgeusia have been analyzed to identify the botanical origin of critical pine nuts samples. The fatty acid composition of the samples was performed, and diagnostic index values were used to identify the botanical origin of the samples. Pinus armandii nuts were identified in all the samples pure or in mixture with P. koraiensis nuts. P. armandii is not reported as edible pine nuts by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This study confirmed that consumption of P. armandii nuts may lead to dysgeusia. Based on the present study and previous work, we advise import companies to trade pine nuts from traditionally recognized species such as P. pinea, P. sibirica, P. koraiensis, or P. gerardiana.
The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration (2022)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital for maintaining brain homeostasis by enabling an exquisite control of exchange of compounds between the blood and the brain parenchyma. Moreover, the BBB prevents unwanted toxins and pathogens from entering the brain. This barrier, however, breaks down with age and further disruption is a hallmark of many age-related disorders. Several drugs have been explored, thus far, to protect or restore BBB function. With the recent connection between the BBB and gut microbiota, microbial-derived metabolites have been explored for their capabilities to protect and restore BBB physiology. This review, will focus on the vital components that make up the BBB, dissect levels of disruption of the barrier, and discuss current drugs and therapeutics that maintain barrier integrity and the recent discoveries of effects microbial-derived metabolites have on BBB physiology.
Ultrasound produced homogenization and liquefaction of brain tissue in vivo at pressures beyond the cavitation threshold (2004)

Histological effects of short-pulsed focused ultrasound at pressure amplitudes above the cavitation threshold were studied in the brain. Sixty locations in the brains of 13 rabbits were sonicated at a depth of 4–10 mm (1.5 MHz, burst lengths, 1–100 ms, PRF 1–100 Hz, acoustic power, up to 950 W). MRI was used to aim the beam, monitor the temperature, and evaluate the effects. It was found that high-intensity short-pulsed ultrasound could effectively destroy targeted tissues. The temperature elevation measured during the sonication was below the threshold for tissue damage. The tissue effects were different from that which has been described for the thermal or cavitation mechanisms. The lesions appeared as homogeneous regions with no distinguishable cell debris. The central core of the lesion region consisted of a pudding-like mass, arranged in a helically coiled, layered fashion. In some cases, the core seemed to be completely liquefied. These findings appeared to be associated with the nonlinear ultrasound absorption and possibly cavitation-related effects. The spiral shape observed in some cases may indicate the existence of an axial radiation torque in the focal zone. The lesions’ appearance may point to new interactions between ultrasound and tissue, which could be exploited for new therapies.
Progress in manufacturing and testing of a first wall mockup for NET/ITER (2002)

The proposed first wall (FW) for the NET/ITER (Next European Torus/International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) consists of a box structure, made of stainless steel, with an active cooling of the side facing the plasma by a flow of water through the tubes inserted into it. An innovative brazing process to improve the quality of the brazed joints between cooling tubes and plates has been developed and optimized within the framework of NET technological task PDT 1.2. The brazing technique is based on creep expansion of the tubes during the high-temperature holding time of the brazing treatment, which minimizes the gap that was initially present around the tubes. A flat, mockup FW panel with plate dimensions 622*216*33 mm and with eight cooling tubes was built using this technique. Thermal fatigue tests are scheduled to be carried out in the near future on this mockup. An automatic, computerized procedure for the nondestructive examination, of the brazed joints using ultrasonic probes has also been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-Intrusive Protection for Legacy SCADA Systems (2023)

While security has become increasingly crucial to SCADA systems due to changing threat landscape and increasing connectivity with relatively more open systems, most legacy SCADA systems are susceptible to false command injection by compromised or intruding devices since message authentication is not in-built in their protocols. It is also practically infeasible to patch these systems with cryptographic defence due to resource constraints of the old-generation devices used. Hence, protection of legacy SCADA systems has to be purely add-on, without requiring protocolor device-level modifications. The state-of-the-art of non-intrusive defence strategies for legacy SCADA systems against false command injection is discussed, comparing the strengths and limitations of the bump-in-the-wire, data diode, protocol-compliant authentication and detect-and-respond approach while discussing their applicable scenarios, costs of deployment and security assurance. In particular, the design principles of the detect-and-respond approach, namely, false command detection and neutralization, are elaborated with reference to its implementation on two legacy SCADA protocols.
Application of Radionuclides and Antibody-Drug Conjugates to Target Cancer (2014)

Radionuclide therapy and antibody-drug conjugates are used to locate and kill cancer cells by the utilisation of monoclonal antibodies. These bio-vectors are able to transport a cytotoxic drug payload and/or radiation in the form of alpha or beta particles to bind onto antigen specific cancer cells initiating apoptosis. This inaugural article aims to deliver a brief account of these targeted therapies in the treatment of oncological disease states such as leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumours, breast cancer and prostate cancer bone metastases.
Increased B cell deletion and significantly reduced auto-antibody titre due to premature expression of human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) (2009)

The involvement of complement receptor 2 (CR2) in B cell tolerance and autoimmune disease has been revealed over the past decade or so. Our previous studies have established that mice prematurely expressing human CR2 under the control of a lambda light chain promoter (in particular the hCR2(high) line) have a marked deficit in their immune response to various antigens and fail to develop collagen-induced arthritis. This phenotype appears to be the result of irreversible changes in B cell signalling pathways and suggested that hCR2 expressing mice are protected from developing autoimmune disease. To test this hypothesis, we examined the ability of the hCR2 to block the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease on the C57BL/6j-Fas(lpr/)Fas(lpr) (B6(lpr)) background. We found that expression of hCR2 on the B6(lpr) background resulted in a significant reduction in levels of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) generated as mice aged but the levels of ANA were still higher than those found in age matched C57BL/6j (B6) mice. B cells from hCR2(high) mice were found to display a higher baseline level of apoptosis, whether analysed ex vivo or after in vitro culture, than their B6 counterparts and this was apparently linked to both surface IgM expression by the B cells and C3 levels in the mice. Our data also provides evidence that B cell survival in the presence of hCR2 is heavily modified by the background strain of the mouse. Overall, we have demonstrated that mice expressing hCR2 on their B cells during bone marrow development display a higher degree of apoptosis which may lead to a deletion of autoreactive B cells and be protective against the development of autoimmune disease.
Decreased ligand affinity rather than glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (2000)

Receptor down-regulation does not occur in PBML from patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. On the other hand, there seems to be a diminished ligand affinity which possibly reflects receptor modification in response to exposure to the continuously high cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome. This assumption is substantiated by the fact that in one patient a normalisation of the ligand affinity after complete remission of the disease was seen.
Joint Sparsity Model for Multilook Hyperspectral Image Unmixing (2014)

Recent work on hyperspectral image (HSI) unmixing has addressed the use of overcomplete dictionaries by employing sparse models. In essence, this approach exploits the fact that HSI pixels can be associated with a small number of constituent pure materials. However, unlike traditional least-squares-based methods, sparsity-based techniques do not require a preselection of endmembers and are thus able to simultaneously estimate the underlying active materials along with their respective abundances. In addition, this perspective has been extended so as to exploit the spatial homogeneity of abundance vectors. As a result, these techniques have been reported to provide improved estimation accuracy. In this letter, we present an alternative approach that is able to relax, yet exploit, the assumption of spatial homogeneity by introducing a model that captures both similarities and differences between neighboring abundances. In order to validate this approach, we analyze our model using simulated as well as real hyperspectral data acquired by the HyMap sensor.
Two-photon-assisted excited state absorption in nanocomposite films of PbS stabilized in a synthetic glue matrix (2007)

Strong nonlinear absorption is observed in nanocomposite films containing PbS nanocrystals of mean size of 3.3 nm stabilized in a commercial poly(vinyl acetate) glue by a novel and simple chemical route of synthesis. A significant blueshift of the optical absorption edge indicates strong quantum confinement. The mean nanocrystal size was characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The surface structure of nanocrystals is analysed using infrared spectroscopy. The excitonic transitions are probed by photoacoustic spectroscopy and the results are analysed on the basis of theoretical calculations using envelope function formalism. Results of open aperture z-scan experiments suggest a model involving saturable absorption followed by two-photon absorption at a lower concentration while the data for a higher concentration fitted saturable absorption followed by three-photon absorption. Free carrier absorption due to two-photon-assisted excited state absorption appears to be the predominant mechanism of optical nonlinearity.
Computer Solutions of the Traveling Salesman Problem (1965)

Two algorithms for solving the (symmetric distance) traveling salesman problem have been programmed for a high-speed digital computer. The first produces guaranteed optimal solution for problems involving no more than 13 cities; the time required (IBM 7094 II) varies from 60 milliseconds for a 9-city problem to 1.75 seconds for a 13-city problem. The second algorithm produces precisely characterized, locally optimal solutions for large problems (up to 145 cities) in an extremely short time and is based on a general heuristic approach believed to be of general applicability to various optimization problems. The average time required to obtain a locally optimal solution is under 30n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> microseconds where n is the number of cities involved. Repeated runs on a problem from random initial tours result in a high probability of finding the optimal solution among the locally optimal solutions obtained. For large problems where many locally optimal solutions have to be obtained in order to be reasonably assured of having the optimal solution, an efficient reduction scheme is incorporated in the program to reduce the total computation time by a substantial amount.
Dielectric properties of (PMN)(1−x)(PT)x single crystals for various electrical and thermal histories (1998)

Dielectric investigations of the (PMN)(1−x)(PT)x crystalline solution have been performed for various electrical histories. For x&amp;lt;0.3, relaxor behavior was observed, however the degree of diffuseness in the dielectric maximum and degree of relaxor characteristics were decreased with increasing x. Application of dc bias for x&amp;lt;0.33 (xc) resulted in an induced transformation to a long-range ferroelectric state. This transition had a critical threshold field (Eth). The value of Eth depended on x. For all x&amp;lt;xc, glasslike behavior was observed in the nonergodic temperature range for E&amp;lt;Eth.
Electromagnetic immunity analysis of a new interface device with power line communication for smart grid and energy storage applications (2013)

An analysis of EMC standards related to smart grid devices with PLC port has been carried out and the standardization lacks have been pointed out with reference to the evaluation of electromagnetic immunity to narrowband, coming from other communication systems connected to the grid, and RF disturbances conducted disturbances, usually present in a power grid. In particular, the paper analyses the electromagnetic conducted immunity of a new interface protection device (ID) for smart grid and energy storage applications. The new ID is equipped with a measuring board, a STM32 microcontroller, for data elaboration and memorization, and a ST7580 N-PSK powerline transceiver. An experimental test procedure have been carried out in order to investigate the immunity of the ID prototype to narrowband and RF disturbances conducted disturbances, respectively for the frequency range 10-150 kHz and 150 kHz-30 MHz.
Surface nitridation of silicon dioxide with a high density nitrogen plasma (1997)

A high density nitrogen plasma generated with a helicon plasma source has been used to incorporate approximately 15 at. % nitrogen into the top 0.5 nm of a silicon dioxide layer. The surface nitridation was accomplished in 10 s with a high flux of low energy ions which were extracted from the high density nitrogen plasma and accelerated in the plasma sheath towards the surface an electrically floating silicon dioxide surface. A rf compensated Langmuir probe was used to measure the nitrogen ion energy and ion current density as a function of the nitrogen pressure and source power. The nitrogen ion energy, ion current density, and exposure time determine the nitrogen range and dose into the silicon dioxide surface. This process may be advantageous for nitriding the gate oxide in advanced complementary metal–oxide semiconductor process flows.
Automatic configuration and run-time adaptation of distributed applications (2002)

Increased platform heterogeneity and varying resource availability in distributed systems motivates the design of resource-aware applications, which ensure a desired performance level by continuously adapting their behavior to changing resource characteristics. In this paper, we describe an application-independent adaptation framework that simplifies the design of resource-aware applications. This framework eliminates the need for adaptation decisions to be explicitly programmed into the application by relying on two novel components: (1) a tunability interface, which exposes adaptation choices in the form of alternate application configurations while encapsulating core application functionality, and (2) a virtual execution environment, which emulates application execution under diverse resource availability enabling off-line collection of information about the resulting behavior. Together, these components permit automatic run-time decisions on when to adapt by continuously monitoring resource conditions and application progress, and how to adapt by dynamically choosing the application configuration that is most appropriate for the prescribed user preference. We evaluate the framework using an interactive distributed image visualization application. The framework permits automatic adaptation to changes in CPU load and network bandwidth by choosing a different compression algorithm or by controlling the image transmission sequence so as to satisfy user preferences of visualization quality and timeliness.
Six-minute walk test (6MWT) in AL amyloidosis – baseline and 12-month follow-up after chemotherapy (2017)

"Six-minute walk test (6MWT) in AL amyloidosis – baseline and 12-month follow-up after chemotherapy." Amyloid, 24(sup1), pp. 62–63
Y4O2(CN2)3Cl2, Its Relation to the Metal-Rich Y2Cl3, and the Photoluminescence of Y4O2(CN2)3Cl2:Ce (2023)

Abstract Y 4 O 2 (CN 2 ) 3 Cl 2 and some isotypic rare earth ( RE ) carbodiimides RE 4 O 2 (CN 2 ) 3 Cl 2 ( RE = Sm, Gd, Tb) were prepared by solid-state metathesis reaction between RE Cl 3 , RE OCl and Li 2 CN 2 . The crystal structure of Y 4 O 2 (CN 2 ) 3 Cl 2 was solved and refined from single-crystal XRD data with the monocline space group C2/m . Homologous compounds with RE = Sm, Gd, Tb were assigned isotypically by means of XRD powder diffraction. The structure of Y 4 O 2 (CN 2 ) 3 Cl 2 is characterized by one-dimensional cluster chains which are showing a striking resemblance to the trans-edge bridging RE 6 -octahedra in the structures of Y 2 Cl 3 , β -Y 2 Cl 3 N, and RE 2 N(CN 2 )Cl, despite different numbers of cluster electrons. Crystals of RE 4 O 2 (CN 2 ) 3 Cl 2 appear as transparent rods. The presence of (NCN) 2− ions is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Y 4 O 2 (CN 2 ) 3 Cl 2 , doped with Ce 3+ is a photoluminescent material that is showing an emission band in the orange region (λ = 550 nm) of the visible spectrum.
7-Cholanthroic Acid (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7-Cholanthroic AcidLouis F. Fieser and Glen W. KilmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 6, 1354–1360Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01863a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (754 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts