gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Strain Distribution on Deformed Steels Using Digital Image Correlation Method (2017)

Digital image correlation (DIC) method is a convenient strain analysis method calculating strain from the difference of images between before and after deformation and shows an advantage to apply to any deformation mode or materials as long as significant contrast. We reviewed basic principles of DIC method and then demonstrated strain distribution in tensile deformed ferritic steel and cyclic deformed tempered martensitic steel. Strain distribution in tensile deformed ferritic steel becomes inhomogeneous with lowering temperature due to restriction of slip systems at low temperature. Strain distribution around a fatigue crack in cyclic deformed tempered martensitic steel was visualized by DIC analysis for replica film and strain concentrated on crack tip same as previous report in DIC analysis for specimen surface, which suggests that strain distribution obtained from replica film has an enough reliability. From these results, it can be concluded that DIC analysis is effective method to investigate local deformation and relation between local deformation and fracture behavior in metal materials.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The microbiota regulate neuronal function and fear extinction learning. (2019)

Multicellular organisms have co-evolved with complex consortia of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, collectively referred to as the microbiota. In mammals, changes in the composition of the microbiota can influence a wide range of physiologic processes (including development, metabolism, and immune cell function) and are associated with susceptibility to multiple diseases. Alterations in the microbiota can also modulate host behaviors such as social activity, stress, and anxiety-related responses that are linked to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanisms through which the microbiota influence neuronal activity and host behavior remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that manipulation of the microbiota in either antibiotictreated or germ-free adult mice results in significant deficits in fear extinction learning. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing of the medial prefrontal cortex of the brain revealed significant alterations in gene expression in multiple cell types including excitatory neurons and glial cells. Transcranial two-photon imaging following deliberate manipulation of the microbiota demonstrated that extinction learning deficits were associated with defective learning-related remodeling of postsynaptic dendritic spines and reduced activity in cue-encoding neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. In addition to effects of manipulating the microbiota on behavior in adult mice, selective re-establishment of the microbiota revealed a limited neonatal developmental window in which microbiota-derived signals can restore normal extinction learning in adulthood. Lastly, unbiased metabolomic analysis identified four metabolites that were significantly downregulated in germ-free mice and were previous reported to be related to human and mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders, suggesting that microbiota-derived compounds may directly affect brain function and behavior. Together, these data indicate that fear extinction learning requires microbiota-derived signals during both early postnatal neurodevelopment and in adult mice, with implications for our understanding of how diet, infection, and lifestyle influence brain health and subsequent susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders.
Management of Morton's neuroma in athletes. (1997)

The goal of the physician treating the athlete with Morton's neuroma should be the same as the goal of the athlete. This is to relieve the pain while allowing the athlete to continue with his or her activity as much as possible. Therefore, conservative therapy should be stressed. If it fails, all surgical methods, including the EDIN procedure, and their disadvantages should be considered before choosing to undertake one.
Multi-Level Deep Learning Model for Potato Leaf Disease Recognition (2021)

Potato leaf disease detection in an early stage is challenging because of variations in crop species, crop diseases symptoms and environmental factors. These factors make it difficult to detect potato leaf diseases in the early stage. Various machine learning techniques have been developed to detect potato leaf diseases. However, the existing methods cannot detect crop species and crop diseases in general because these models are trained and tested on images of plant leaves of a specific region. In this research, a multi-level deep learning model for potato leaf disease recognition has developed. At the first level, it extracts the potato leaves from the potato plant image using the YOLOv5 image segmentation technique. At the second level, a novel deep learning technique has been developed using a convolutional neural network to detect the early blight and late blight potato diseases from potato leaf images. The proposed potato leaf disease detection model was trained and tested on a potato leaf disease dataset. The potato leaf disease dataset contains 4062 images collected from the Central Punjab region of Pakistan. The proposed deep learning technique achieved 99.75% accuracy on the potato leaf disease dataset. The performance of the proposed techniques was also evaluated on the PlantVillage dataset. The proposed technique is also compared with the state-of-the-art models and achieved significantly concerning the accuracy and computational cost.
Covid Data around the world (2020)

Day by day and all days data related to COVID infection (Positive, Deceased, Recovered, Hospitalized, Intensive Care) for the world countries: data are from national agencies or from ECDC
Proteomics-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics (2014)

Proteomics has unique and significant advantages as an important complement to a genomics approach in the complex drug-discovery process. Proteomics offers the unique advantage of providing unbiased, large-scale protein analysis at the cost of being a relatively low-throughput technique. Proteomic approaches have been applied to the process of drug discovery and development with different purposes, such as biomarker discovery, target identification and characterization. The present chapter aims to provide an overview of the proteomic approaches applied in the early stages of drug discovery and development, illustrating their strengths and limitations. This chapter will discuss the widespread use of quantitative, MS-based proteomics in the last decade and its implications, as well as the importance of high-resolution MS for in-depth proteome analyses. Among the cutting-edge strategies that have been recently implemented, we focus on chemoproteomics, a branch of proteomics that encompass different techniques and is currently gaining a renewed popularity.
A review on array mutual coupling analysis (2011)

An overview about mutual coupling analysis in antenna arrays is given. The relationships between array impedance matrix and embedded element patterns, including beam coupling factors, are reviewed while considering general‐type antennas; approximations resulting from single‐mode assumptions are pointed out. For regular arrays, a common Fourier‐based formalism is employed, with the array scanning method as a key tool, to explain various phenomena and analysis methods. Relationships between finite and infinite arrays are described at the physical level, as well as from the point of view of numerical analysis, considering mainly the method of moments. Noise coupling is also briefly reviewed.
A review of ground vehicle dynamic state estimations utilising GPS/INS (2010)

Abstract This paper provides an extensive overview of existing vehicle dynamic state estimators that utilise the in-car Inertial Navigation Sensors and Global Positioning System. The different approaches are categorised, the techniques are summarised and the limitations and advantages of each approach are provided. Recommendations for future research are also given. The review is intended to be fairly comprehensive, but with an emphasis on vehicle sideslip estimation. Keywords: vehicle dynamicsestimationsGPSINSKalman filter
Asymmetric reduction with chiral organoboranes based on .alpha.-pinene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric reduction with chiral organoboranes based on .alpha.-pineneHerbert C. Brown and P. Veeraraghavan RamachandranCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 1, 16–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00013a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00013a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2154Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Sporulation of Alternaria alternata f. sp. sphenocleae (2000)

Studies were conducted on agar media to characterize the factors for the optimization of sporulation of Alternaria alternata f. sp. sphenocleae , a fungal pathogen being evaluated as a biological control agent for Sphenoclea zeylanica (gooseweed). A. alternata f. sp. sphenocleae conidiation was affected by nutrition, temperature, light conditions, and moisture. On all agar media tested, except for half-strength potato dextrose agar (½ PDA) and V-8 juice agar (VJA), exposure to different light conditions did not have any significant effect on conidia production. However, when comparing ½ PDA and VJA, sporulation under constant near-ultraviolet (NUV) light at 28 o C increased markedly on VJA, but decreased substantially on ½ PDA. This trend, however, was opposite under dark conditions since ½ PDA produced the greatest number of conidia whereas a 75% reduction in conidia production occurred on VJA in the dark. On all the standard agar media evaluated, the most virulent conidia were obtained on ½ PDA at 28 o C under constant NUV incubated for 4 weeks. Sporulation of A. alternata f. sp. sphenocleae using the sporulation medium (S-medium) technique was rapid. Conidia were produced within 24 h and continuous sporulation was still observed until 120 h. The best primary agar media for conidia production were PDA, ½ PDA and VJA, while water agar was the poorest. Conidia production was optimized with the addition of 20 g l -1 of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and the addition of 2 ml of sterile distilled water on the medium. The most virulent conidia were produced when the primary agar was ½ PDA, the CaCO 3 concentration was 20 g l -1 , and the cultures were incubated at 18 o C in the dark. Conidiophore induction occurred on nutrient rich media and was stimulated by NUV, while formation of conidia proceeded in darkness after nutrients were depleted under warm dry or cool moist conditions. Culture media, growth conditions, and CaCO 3 affected the inoculum potential of A. alternata f. sp. sphenocleae conidia. Keywords: GooseweedInoculum PotentialMassproductionSporulationVirulence
Silicon Migration from High‐barrier Coated Multilayer Polymeric Films to Selected Food Simulants after Microwave Processing Treatments (2013)

The use of microwave (MW) technology for in‐package food sterilization and pasteurization has the potential for widespread use in the food industry. Because the use of MW technology requires that food be processed inside its packaging, the interaction between food and its packaging during processing must be studied to ensure package integrity as well as consumer safety. In this study, two commercially available multilayer films developed for retort sterilization were evaluated for their suitability to MW processing. Film A was composed of oriented nylon//coated polyethylene terephthalate//cast polypropylene (CPP); film B consisted of oriented nylon//coated nylon//CPP with overall oxygen transmission rates &lt;0.2 cc/m 2 . day. Silicon (Si) was a major component in the coated polyethylene terephthalate layer and food‐contact CPP layer. This study evaluated the influence of MW processing on Si migration from films into selected food‐simulating liquids (FSLs; water and 3% acetic acid) using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy, as compared with conventional thermal processing. This study also assessed migration of Si into FSL in terms of process temperature (70–123 °C) and time (18–34 min). A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to evaluate the stability of the silicon–oxygen (Si–O) bonds in the metal‐oxide coated and food‐contact layer of the packaging film. Overall, there were no significant differences ( p &gt; 0.05) between the level of Si migration from films to FSL and the stability of Si–O–Si bonds during MW processing as compared with the conventional thermal processing. However, we found that the final processing temperature and time had a significant ( p &lt; 0.05) impact on Si migration into the FSL. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Transradial access for coronary angiography and angioplasty: a novel approach. (2003)

Coronary angiography and angioplasty are usually performed via transfemoral access. Though this route provides an easier vascular access, it is associated with a small but potentially serious incidence of vascular complications at the puncture site that may result in significant groin haematoma, blood transfusion or require surgical repair. A useful alternative approach is through the transradial access. This route has a very low rate of vascular complications and also allows early mobilisation of patients. We performed an analysis of our experience with transradial angiography and angioplasty, demonstrating this to be a safe and effective technique suitable for most patients.
An Energy Management System for Building Structures Using a Multi-Agent Decision-Making Control Methodology (2012)

Building energy management systems (BEMS) must consider energy utilization efficiency improvement, energy cost reduction, and renewable energy technology utilization in order to serve local energy loads in building structures with dispersed resources. The distributed management of building energy system proposed in this paper utilizes a semi-centralized decision-making methodology using multi-agent systems for BEMS for electrical, heating, and cooling energy zones with combined heat and power system optimizations aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing energy costs. A case study is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed energy management scheme.
Turn-off Performance of a 2.6 kV 4H-SiC Asymmetrical GTO Thyristor (2001)

H-SiC asymmetrical gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) with 2.6 kV breakover voltage have been studied in relation to the gate turn-off performance. Transient characteristics of SiC GTOs and the pulse regime of gate turn-off processes were studied in the temperature range 293 to 500 K. At cathode current density of 300 A cm −2 , a turn-off current gain KG of 12.5 was achieved at room temperature. The above value of KG is the highest reported for SiC GTOs. The temperature dependences of the turn-off time, pulse turn-off gate current and holding current were studied.
Kilometer‐scale topographic roughness of Mercury: Correlation with geologic features and units (2014)

Abstract We present maps of the topographic roughness of the northern circumpolar area of Mercury at kilometer scales. The maps are derived from range profiles obtained by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) instrument onboard the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. As measures of roughness, we used the interquartile range of profile curvature at three baselines: 0.7 km, 2.8 km, and 11 km. The maps provide a synoptic overview of variations of typical topographic textures. They show a dichotomy between the smooth northern plains and rougher, more heavily cratered terrains. Analysis of the scale dependence of roughness indicates that the regolith on Mercury is thicker than on the Moon by approximately a factor of three. Roughness contrasts within northern volcanic plains of Mercury indicate a younger unit inside Goethe basin and inside another unnamed stealth basin. These new data permit interplanetary comparisons of topographic roughness.
First Stratospheric Flight of Preimpregnated Uncured Epoxy Matrix (2016)

A cassette with uncured preimpregnated based on carbon fibers and epoxy resin was exposed in the stratosphere (40 km altitude) above the ozone layer for over three days. Temperature variations of to and pressures up to 2.1 Torr were observed during flight. Analyses of the chemical structures of the composites show that the polymer matrix exposed in the stratosphere becomes crosslinked while the epoxy groups remain active, and the ground control polymer matrix reacted through polymerization reaction of epoxy groups. The space radiation exposures are considered to be responsible for crosslinking of the uncured polymers exposed in the stratosphere. The composites were cured on Earth after landing. Analysis of the cured composites showed that the polymer matrix remains active after exposure in the stratosphere. The results can be used for predicting the curing processes of polymer composites in the space environment during an orbital space flight.
Synthesis of tailor‐made copolymers containing 1,3‐benzodioxole systems for selective flocculation of minerals (1987)

Abstract A general simplified model of the morphology of a polymeric flocculant based on only three types of chemical functions, that must be present in the polymer, is described and used for the preparation of tailor‐made selective flocculants for titanium minerals through the radical copolymerization of five new vinyl monomers ( I–V ) containing the 1,3‐benzodioxole system, with 4‐vinylpyridine, acrylic, methacrylic, and 4‐vinylbenzoic acids.
Behavioral synthesis of datapaths with low leakage power (2003)

As technology scales down, and CMOS circuits are powered by lower supply voltages, standby leakage current becomes dominant. We present a behavioral synthesis framework for the design of datapaths with low leakage power. Our technique employs the MTC-MOS circuit design style as the basis for standby leakage power minimization. A parameterized register transfer level MTC-MOS (multi threshold CMOS) module library has been developed. MTC-MOS technology provides the capability to gate the supply voltage to the modules during idle times. Leakage power management techniques have been developed which can be applied during behavioral synthesis of the data-path. A resource allocation algorithm based on clique partitioning has also been developed for optimal allocation of registers and functional units for low leakage power. We observed up to 31.91% savings in module-wise leakage power. Shutting down modules during idle times also resulted in minimization of overall power by 34.2%.
Searching and Search Engines: When is Current Research Going to Lead to Major Progress? (2000)

For many years, users of commercial search engines have been hearing how the latest in information and computer science research is going to improve the quality of the engines they rely on for fulfilling their daily information needs. However, despite what is heard, these promises have not been fulfilled. While the Internet has dramatically increased the amount of information to which users now have access, the key issue appears to be unresolved – the results for substantive queries are not improving. However, the past need not predict the future because sophisticated advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have, in fact, accomplished significant improvements in engines that can provide ease of access for users as well as improved quality of retrieved information.
Results from the low mass cosmic ray experiment on the HASP balloon (2007)

The Louisiana High Altitude Student Payload (HASP) program is designed to carry twelve student payloads to an altitude of about 36 km with flight durations of more than sixteen hours. Payloads are designed and built by college and university students and are used to test compact satellites and to fly other related space science experiments. The major goals of HASP are to foster student excitement in an aerospace career path and to help address workforce development issues in Louisiana. HASP plans to provide a "space test platform" to encourage student research and stimulate the development of student satellite payloads and other space-engineering products. In 2006, physics students from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette built a low mass cosmic ray detector using aluminum absorbers and standard x-ray film (with image intensifiers). This 10 kg payload flew from the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Fort Sumner, New Mexico in early September 2006 and was a great success. The students are currently analyzing data from a second 10 kg nuclear stack detector that was flown in September 2007. The purpose of this paper is to present results from the 2006 and 2007 flights of our low mass cosmic ray detector. Emphasis will be placed on the "hands-on" and step-by-step approach used to provide students with practical space-related skills developed as part of the HASP program.
Ginger: an overview. (2007)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the more commonly used herbal supplements. Although often consumed for culinary purposes, it is taken by many patients to treat a variety of conditions. Ginger has been shown to be effective for pregnancy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting. There is less evidence to support its use for motion sickness or other types of nausea and vomiting. Mixed results have been found in limited studies of ginger for the treatment of arthritis symptoms.
Suppression of zinc anode corrosion for printed flexible zinc‐air battery (2016)

Abstract Self‐discharge caused by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) coinciding with corrosion of the zinc anode is a major drawback of printed zinc‐air batteries. Thus, this work aims at suppressing self‐discharge of flexible printed zinc‐air batteries by coating thin layer of aluminum oxide ( ) onto the surface of zinc particles. The coating layer was directly synthesized onto the zinc particles by a low‐cost and facile sol–gel method. The coating effectively mitigated HER of the zinc particles, and delayed the corrosion of the zinc anode. Further, the effects of the thickness of layer on corrosion behavior of the zinc anode in 9 M potassium hydroxide as well as performance of the batteries were investigated. With a proper thickness of coating, corrosion of the battery was considerably suppressed without sacrificing the battery performance. (a) Photographic image of the fabricated battery, (b) transmission electron microscopic image of zinc particle coated with .