gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the Internal Structure of SAT Instances (Preliminary Report) (2004)

Abstract. Modern algorithms for the SAT problem reveal an almost tractable behavior on “real-world” instances. This is frequently contributed to the fact that these instances possess an internal “structure” that hard problem instances do not exhibit. However, little is known about this internal structure. We therefore propose a visualization of the instance’s variable interaction graph (and of its dynamic change during a run of a SAT-solver) as a first step of an empirical research program to analyze the problem structure. We present first results of such an analysis on instances of bounded model checking benchmark problems. 1
The Helsinki Conference, Belgrade and European Security (1977)

The on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), the Final Act of which was signed at Helsinki in August 1975 by 33 European countries and the United States and Canada, was treated in many early commentaries as a discrete and essentially competitive event be analysed in terms of who won. This approach has not proved very productive, and the more recent tendency has been focus attention on the provisions of the Final Act as a yardstick against which actions of the participating states can be judged. The follow-up meeting of the 35 this year at Belgrade will further emphasize this aspect of the question, and it is likely remain of importance thereafter. For the Belgrade meeting is a reminder that the CSCE should not be analysed only in static terms: the Final Act notes the resolve of the participating states to continue the multilateral process initiated by the Conference and provides that they should at Belgrade inter alia define the appropriate modalities for the holding of other meetings. It seems probable that the CSCE will remain in some way or other part of the European security picture, and thus appropriate ask what it may be able contribute. To the extent that East-West negotiations are seen as a zero-sum game, the CSCE can do little but serve as an arena and scoreboard for the contest as it develops. There would seem little point in continuing it for this purpose, and the process may be better viewed as a means of testing a more optimistic hypothesis: that there is a possibility of mutual gain; and that a multilateral framework, comprising the neutrals and nonaligned as well as the members of the two alliances, offers a useful means of identifying and building upon the common ground. This in turn requires that each participant should feel reasonably confident that the process will not be exploited by others in a way which would be damaging its security; and it seems clear that this essential element of confidence cannot at present be taken for granted. On the Western side, there is still much concern about Soviet intentions. Western Europe can be said have three main politico-military options: continue rely for its security on the alliance with the United States; substitute for the American commitment an increased defense effort of its own; or accept and adapt the fact of Soviet military preponderance. The text of the 1966
Supply adequacy mechanisms and cross-border contracts in the Central American regional electricity market (2006)

This paper discusses the mechanisms to support generation supply adequacy that have been implemented in the countries of the Central American region and the lessons learned from this experience. Also covered is the role of the Regional Market - which is being implemented- in the support of supply contracts across borders through "firm" transmission rights and its contribution to an increased efficiency of the existing supply adequacy mechanisms.
The long forgotten salt factor and the benefits of using a 5-g-salt-restricted diet in all ESRD patients (2008)

Writing about older concepts of therapy in medicine often provoke an automatic negative response based on assumptions that they are dinosaurian and empirical and consequently unlikely to impact upon modern therapeutic paradigms unless supported by randomized controlled studies. However, occasionally, new ideas resuscitate these forgotten paradigms and allow one to make progress from observational studies without the benefit of evidence-based
Specular BSDF Measurement Capability at NASA GSFC using a Table-Top Goniometer in Support of the Calibration of Remote Sensing Instruments (2019)

The capability of making Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) measurements on specular samples has been demonstrated using the Table-Top Goniometer (TTG) in the Diffuser Calibration Lab (DCL) at NASA GSFC. This capability has been used in the support of NASA satellite instrument programs. The TTG has also been used in the measurement of the BRDF of diffuse samples. In its current configuration using tunable laser sources, the TTG possesses the advantages of small incident beam profile and configuration flexibility to be able to meet the BSDF measurement requirements on specular samples with flat and curved surfaces. The TTG measurements are used in characterizing instrument straylight due to surface roughness and in determining the scattering light distribution function of optical surfaces. The BSDF measurements on specular samples are able to be performed over 8 orders of linear dynamic range corrected for instrument signature. In this presentation, we report BSDF results on two kinds of specular samples, a witness flat folder mirror for the NASA GSFC PACE project and four Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) samples for the NASA GSFC Restore project. The BSDF measurements in the viewing angle range of ± 90° were acquired at 500 nm, 700 nm, and 2000 nm at incident angles of 0°, 8°, and 25° for the PACE sample, and at 500 nm, 633 nm, 700 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, 1550 nm, and 1800 nm at incident angles of 10° and 25° for the RESTORE samples. For both samples, the ABg model was applied for the BSDF data fitting to generate the parameters as inputs of optical modeling. The ABg model fitted the BSDF data from the polished surface of the flat mirror very well. However, two scattering components were seen in fitting the MLI BSDF results due to wrinkle and surface morphology issues. The Total Hemispherical Reflectance (THR) and Total Internal Scatter (TIS) measurements were also made on the samples and were compared to the BSDF results. The details of the specific BSDF measurement setup and the methodology for realization of the BRDF scale for specular samples are presented.
Universal Control of Decoupled Quantum Systems (1999)

We show that if one can perform a restricted set of fast manipulations on a quantum system, one can implement a large class of dynamical evolutions by effectively removing or introducing selected Hamiltonians. The procedure can be used to achieve universal noise-tolerant control based on purely unitary open-loop transformations of the dynamics. As a result, it is in principle possible to perform noise-protected universal quantum computation using no extra space resources.
Low‐dose Dopamine, but Not Acute Hyperoxia, Attenuates the Sympathoexcitatory Response to Hyperinsulinemia in Healthy Humans (2017)

Objective Insulin has known sympathoexcitatory effects that have been historically attributed to primarily central mechanisms. Although controversy exists, recent evidence from rodents suggests the carotid chemoreceptors may play a role in the sympathoexcitatory response to hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, we sought to examine the contribution of the carotid chemoreceptors to insulin‐mediated increases in sympathetic nervous system activity in humans. We hypothesized reductions in carotid chemoreceptor activity would attenuate the sympathoexcitatory response to hyperinsulinemia in humans – thus supporting a role for the carotid chemoreceptors in insulin‐mediated sympathoexcitation. Methods Young, healthy adults (n=15, 8M/7F, 27±1 yrs, 24±1 kg/m 2 ) completed a 30‐min euglycemic baseline followed by a 90‐min hyperinsulinemic (1 mU/kg FFM/min), euglycemic (90–100 mg/dL) clamp. Heart rate (electrocardiography) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography of the peroneal nerve) were continuously measured. The role of the carotid chemoreceptors was assessed using the following protocols: 1) acute (1‐min) hyperoxia (n=13), 2) low‐dose dopamine (1–4 μg/kg/min; n=7), 3) acute hyperoxia + low‐dose dopamine (n=8). The nadir 15‐s value for MSNA within each hyperoxic condition was determined and the nadir at baseline was compared to the nadir during hyperinsulinemia. Results MSNA increased from baseline during the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp [12±2 to 18±2 bursts/min (p&lt;0.01)]. In protocol 1, MSNA was reduced during acute hyperoxia at baseline (12±1 to 6±1 bursts/min, p&lt;0.01) and during the hyperinsulinemic clamp (17±2 to 12±2 bursts/min, p=0.02); however, the fall in MSNA during hyperoxia did not differ between baseline and hyperinsulinemia (p=0.82). In protocol 2, when low‐dose dopamine was given prior to the hyperinsulinemic clamp, MSNA did not increase from baseline (19±2 to 22±5 bursts/min, p=0.51); this is in contrast to increases observed under saline conditions (14±3 to 22±4 bursts/min, p=0.03). In protocol 3, in the presence of low‐dose dopamine, MSNA was reduced during acute hyperoxia at baseline (16±3 to 9±2 bursts/min, p=0.048) and during the hyperinsulinemic clamp (16±4 to 9±3 bursts/min, p=0.02); however, the fall in MSNA with hyperoxia did not differ between baseline and hyperinsulinemia (p=0.97). Conclusions Low‐dose dopamine given prior to the onset of a hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp attenuates the sympathoexcitatory response to hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, acute carotid chemoreceptor desensitization (1‐min hyperoxia) during steady‐state hyperinsulinemia does not augment the fall in MSNA observed at baseline. Our data suggest the carotid chemoreceptors do not contribute acutely to insulin‐mediated increases in sympathetic nervous system activity in healthy humans; however, they may play a role during longer‐term exposure. Support or Funding Information Support: DK090541 (MJJ); HL83947 (MJJ); HL130339 (JKL); AHA15SDG25080095 (JKL)
ChemInform Abstract: Malic Acid: A Convenient Precursor for the Synthesis of Peptide Secondary Structure Mimetics. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The establishment of the gut microbiota in 1-year-aged infants: from birth to family food (2022)

The microbial colonization during the first year of life is likely affected by a simultaneous effect of multiple variables playing a significant role at different times. Therefore, these data contribute to add evidence concerning the complex multifactorial interaction between GI microbiota and various stimuli affecting infants during the early stages of life.
On-line coupling of in-tube solid phase microextraction (SPME) to HPLC for analysis of carbamates in water samples: Comparison of two commercially available autosamplers (2000)

In-tube solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a new on-line sample preparation technique that is easily installed on a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) autosampler, and has previously been used with the LC Packings FAMOS autosampler without modification of the autosampler itself. This paper describes the on-line coupling of in-tube SPME to a Hewlett Packard (HP) model 1100 HPLC autosampler, and reports on several fundamental aspects of the technology. The extraction and desorption processes with this system were thoroughly studied for a group of carbamate pesticides in water samples. The similarities and differences of the in-tube SPME technique with the two different autosamplers, FAMOS and Hewlett Packard, were compared during method development. The optimized conditions were successfully applied to extract the carbamates of interest from spiked surface, well, and tap water samples, exhibiting excellent method precision. The % relative standard deviation (RSD) for all the carbamates studied in the different environmental water samples was between 0.8 and 6.0%. There was no noticeable extraction efficiency decrease relative to pure laboratory samples when the method was applied to spiked environmental water samples. The method was found to be linear between 2 and 20,000 μg/L with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.9791 to 0.9991. With respect to the different water samples, the limits of detection (LODs) for all the carbamates studied were in the range of 0.44–17 μg/L. For carbaryl, the LODs were between 0.44 and 0.67 μg/L, which were lower than those obtained using the in-tube SPME method with the FAMOS autosampler. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 125–134, 2000
Ion heating by Alfvén waves associated with dipolarization in the magnetotail: Two‐dimensional global hybrid simulation (2015)

Abstract In this paper, ion heating by Alfvén waves associated with dipolarization in the near‐Earth magnetotail is investigated by performing a two‐dimensional (2‐D) global‐scale hybrid simulation. In our simulation, the earthward propagating plasma flow is initialized by the E × B drift near the equatorial plane due to the existence of the dawn‐dusk convection electric field. When the earthward flow reaches the strong dipole field region, it is braked by the geomagnetic field and simultaneously leads to the pileup of the magnetic flux. This continuous pileup finally results in the formation of the large‐scale dipolarization. Dipolarization first appears around ( x , z ) = (−10.5, 0.3) R E (where R E is the radius of Earth) and subsequently spreads tailward. In the dipolarization region, Alfvén waves are excited and cause the scattering and heating of ions. The heating is mainly on the perpendicular direction. Therefore, the ion temperature anisotropy can be formed in the dipolarization region. Our work provides one possible mechanism for the ion heating and anisotropic distributions observed near the dipolarization region.
Preoperative assessment for and outcomes of mandibular conservation surgery (2001)

Abstract Introduction The role of marginal mandibulectomy and other conservative resective procedures for patients with early cortical mandibular invasion from squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity remains poorly defined. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative assessment for bone invasion and the outcomes of different mandibular resective procedures that preserve mandibular continuity. Methods The charts of 222 patients treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1960 and 1990 were reviewed. All patients had a biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of squamous carcinoma involving either the lower gingiva, floor of mouth, oral tongue, or retromolar trigone. All patients had a surgical resection that involved removing less than a segment of the mandible. Patient data were analyzed to determine the usefulness of preoperative assessment and outcomes of therapy. Results Clinical evaluation of mandibular bone invasion was more sensitive than radiologic evaluation, whereas radiologic assessment was more specific and had a higher reliability index. The overall local and regional recurrence and distant metastasis rates for all T stages were 14.4%, 18.0%, and 2.7%, respectively. Sixty‐nine point eight percent of all patients were without evidence of disease 2 years after treatment. Conclusions Mandibular conservation surgery is oncologically safe for patients with early mandibular invasion. Accurate preoperative assessment that combines clinical examination and radiographic evaluation is better than either modality alone, but clinical judgment is still necessary for proper patient selection. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1024–1030, 2001.
A method for thermal asperity suppression in perpendicular recording channels (2010)

A novel method for reducing the effect of a thermal asperity (TA) in perpendicular recording channels is proposed,which consists of two channels running in parallel, one for the H(D) target and the other for the G(D)H(D) target equippedwith a bandpass filter G(D) = 1 – D2. The Viterbi detector (VD) in the H(D) channel has a lower bit-error rate (BER) in theabsence of a TA, whereas that in the G(D)H(D) channel has a lower BER in the presence of a TA. Therefore, the overalldecoded bit stream is selected from these two VDs, depending on whether a TA is detected. Because the noise after G(D)filtering is correlated, we also propose a noise predictor filter of the form P(D) = –0.5D2 to whiten this correlated noise in aper-survivor manner. Experimental results indicate that the proposed TA suppression method outperforms the existingmethods for all peak TA amplitudes.
Scavenger hunt in the CERN Computing Centre (2013)

Hidden among the racks of servers and disks in the CERN Computing Centre, you’ll find Hawaiian dancers, space aliens, gorillas… all LEGO® figurines! These characters were placed about the Centre for the arrival of Google’s Street View team for the world to discover. PLEASE NOTE THAT THE COMPETITION IS OVER. ONLY FOR REFERENCE, HERE IS THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE. We’re pleased to announce our first global scavenger hunt! Spot three LEGO® figurines using Google’s Street View and you’ll be entered to win a gift of your choice from our CERN Gift Guide. A LEGO® figurine in the CERN Computing Centre, as seen on Google Street View. Here are the details: Find at least three LEGO® figurines hidden around the CERN Computing Centre using Google Street View. Take screencaps of the figurines and e-mail the pictures to TreasureHunt-ComputingCentre@cern.ch. This email is no longer active. There will be TWO winners: one from CERN and one from the general public. If you are from CERN, make sure to send your pictures from your CERN e-mail account. The competition is open until 31 January. The winners will be contacted by e-mail and will be announced in the Bulletin. Helpful hints: Try looking on top of racks and servers; these figurines won’t be hanging from the air! There are over 20 LEGO® figurines spread across both floors of the Computing Centre. If you think you’ve looked everywhere, try the next floor. We’ve included a map of the Computer Centre and an example of a figurine (above) to help you get started. Wherever you are this holiday season, you’ll be able to participate in the competition.
Assessing the Role of the Support in Acetic Acid Hydrodeoxygenation Selectivity on Pt/TiO2 (2022)

To produce drop-in quality biofuels following the thermochemical conversion of biomass via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP), hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions can be performed to remove excess oxygen and create a more stable bio-oil product. HDO reactions involve co-feeding the CFP vapor-phase product and H2 gas over bi-functional catalysts, such as noble-metal catalysts supported on reducible metal oxides (e.g., Pt/TiO2). Recent model-compound studies, focusing on important classes of species in the CFP vapor mixture, have sought to determine the role of the various Pt/TiO2 actives sites (i.e., Pt-metal, TiO2-support, Pt-TiO2-interfacial sites) in producing the observed desired deoxygenation and undesired decarboxylation/decarbonylation products. One important class of compounds in the CFP vapor-phase product is carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid). Prior experimental work on acetic acid HDO (AA-HDO) found that Pt/C and Pt/TiO2 catalysts favored the formation of undesired C-C and desired C-O bond-dissociation products; however, the fundamental surface chemistry driving this shift in selectivity has not been established. This presentation employs atomic-scale modeling to determine, through comparisons of adsorption and reaction energetics, how Pt-metal, Pt-TiO2-interface, and interfacial-vacancy sites catalyze the competing reaction pathways for AA-HDO. Our analysis indicates that hydroxyl vacancies at the Pt-TiO2 interface are critical for lowering barriers for C-O bond-cleavage steps, such that they become favorable/competitive with respect to C-C bond-dissociation steps.
Supporting Differentiated Services in Computers via Programmable Architecture for Resourcing-on-Demand (PARD) (2015)

This paper presents PARD, a programmable architecture for resourcing-on-demand that provides a new programming interface to convey an application's high-level information like quality-of-service requirements to the hardware. PARD enables new functionalities like fully hardware-supported virtualization and differentiated services in computers. PARD is inspired by the observation that a computer is inherently a network in which hardware components communicate via packets (e.g., over the NoC or PCIe). We apply principles of software-defined networking to this intra-computer network and address three major challenges. First, to deal with the semantic gap between high-level applications and underlying hardware packets, PARD attaches a high-level semantic tag (e.g., a virtual machine or thread ID) to each memory-access, I/O, or interrupt packet. Second, to make hardware components more manageable, PARD implements programmable control planes that can be integrated into various shared resources (e.g., cache, DRAM, and I/O devices) and can differentially process packets according to tag-based rules. Third, to facilitate programming, PARD abstracts all control planes as a device file tree to provide a uniform programming interface via which users create and apply tag-based rules.
Antiferromagnetic exchange-bias in epitaxial ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3∕SrRuO3 bilayers (2005)

Through detailed measurements of the exchange-bias behavior, we have demonstrated that an antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling exists in epitaxial bilayers of the two ferromagnets La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and SrRuO3. The bilayers were grown on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition with atomic layer control. By field cooling, or by applying a low-temperature pinning field, the bilayers exhibit exchange bias, with the magnetization loops shifted from zero field by the exchange field HE. In the case of field cooling, we find that both the magnitude and sign of exchange field depend on cooling field, consistent with antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange. The coercivity is maximum near the cooling fields that produce zero exchange field.
Nutritional and exercise-based therapies in the treatment of mitochondrial disease (2002)

There is no currently recognized treatment for mitochondrial disease. Future clinical trials are needed, as well as research into the potential for in-vitro screening of various compounds within affected cells from patients. Until this time, an accurate diagnosis will facilitate treatment on a case-by-case basis.