gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Electromagnetics Through Metamaterials—A Review (2015)

The introduction of electromagnetic (EM) media with unique field manipulation properties, collectively labelled as metamaterials, has boosted the interest toward the design, the fabrication, and the testing of artificial materials whose features can be engineered according to the applicative requirements and user objectives. In this framework, the long-term promise of reconfigurable metamaterial theory (i.e., the possibility to change the EM response of a 2-D/3-D material arbitrarily and in real time) has given the designers an extremely wide number of new degrees of freedom for the synthesis of innovative adaptive systems. Moreover, successful experimental validations of reconfigurable metamaterials in the entire EM spectrum from microwaves to optical frequencies have further stimulated academic and industrial interests in developing devices with enhanced performances, efficiency, and robustness. Nevertheless, the exploitation of reconfigurable metamaterials in commercial devices is still an open problem with several challenges from both the theoretical and technological viewpoints. This paper is then aimed at reviewing the latest advances on reconfigurable metamaterial engineering from the methodological perspective also providing a comprehensive and balanced survey on latest concepts, current trends, and envisaged future developments on this active field of research.
Über eine [3 + 1]‐Cycloaddition, II. Reaktionen von 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,3,5‐oxazaphosph(V)olen, VI (1973)

Abstract 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,3,5‐oxazaphosph(V)ole 1 reagieren mit Isonitrilen zu disubstituierten 3‐Imino‐4,4‐bis(trifluormethyl)‐ 1 ‐azetinen 2 unter Ehmmierung von Phosphorsäureester Eine Nitrilylid‐Zwischenstufe wird angenommen.
Passive TCF compensation in high Q silicon micromechanical resonators (2010)

This paper reports on passive temperature compensation techniques for high quality factor (Q) silicon microresonators based on engineering the geometry of the resonator and its material properties. A 105 MHz concave silicon bulk acoustic resonator (CBAR) fabricated on a boron-doped substrate with a resistivity of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ¿-cm manifests a linear temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of -6.3 ppm/°C while exhibiting a Q of 101,550 (fQ = 1.06×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> ). The TCF is further reduced by engineering the material property via a wafer-level aluminum thermomigration process to -3.6 ppm/°C while maintaining an fQ of over 4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> . Such high fQ products with low TCF values are being reported for the first time in silicon and are critical for successful insertion of these devices into low-power low-phase noise frequency references and high performance resonant sensors.
Homozygous deletion scanning of the lung cancer genome at a 100‐kb resolution (2007)

Whole genome scanning of 43 lung cancer cell lines at a 100-kb resolution led to identification of 51 genomic regions with homozygous deletions (HDs). The regions contained 113 genes, including two known tumor suppressor genes, RBl (RB) and CDKN2A (p16), and eight genes previously reported as being candidate tumor suppressor genes, such as PTPRD and LRP1B. Three miRNA genes, MIRNLET7C (let-7c), MIRN99A (hsa-mir-99a), and MIRN125B2 (hsa-mir-125b-2), were also mapped in a region with HD at 21q11-q21. The present study provides a list of protein- and miRNA-encoding genes whose inactivation is possibly involved in lung carcinogenesis.
Temporal Augmentation With Methyl Methacrylate (2011)

Concavity in the temporal area reflects a deficiency in the bulk of the temporalis muscle or overlying temporal fat pad. It may be a reflection of senescence, low body fat, exaggerated adjacent skeletal or soft-tissue contours, idiopathic progressive atrophy, or postsurgical deformities. The authors describe the application of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to fill depressions in the temporal area. In instances in which no previous surgery has been performed or when the temporal area has served as a dissection plane for surgery in adjacent areas (eg, a subperiosteal facelift), the implant material is placed beneath the temporal muscle through a limited incision in the hair-bearing scalp. When previous reconstructive surgery has been performed in the temporal area, the area of depression is accessed through existing surgical incision scars to place MMA over the temporal muscle. These operative techniques have been reliable, durable, and relatively free of complications.
Neutralization and Sensitization of Herpes Simplex Virus with Antibody Fragments from Rabbits of Different Allotypes (1968)

Summary Incubation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) with papain-derived fragments (Fab) of rabbit anti-HSV γ globulin resulted in substantial virus neutralization. The infectious virus that survived incubation with the Fab fragments was found to exist in the form of an infectious virus-antibody complex (sensitized virus). Incubation of the sensitized virus with undigested sheep anti-rabbit γ globulin or the Fab fragments of sheep anti-rabbit γ globulin resulted in further virus neutralization. The specificity involved in the neutralization of sensitized virus by anti-γ globulin was shown by the fact that virus sensitized with undigested or papain-derived fragments of rabbit anti-HSV γ globulin of one allotype was neutralized by anti-γ globulin directed against that allotype but not by anti-γ globulin directed against a different allotype.
Development of power system measurements -- quarterly report October 1, 1983 to December 31, 1983 (1984)

. This report emphasizes the errors associated with measurements of electric and magnetic fields, the properties of corona in compressed SF 6 gas, and the measurement of interfacial phenomena in transformer oil.
Iron-Stress Induced Redox Activity in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Is Localized on the Plasma Membrane (1989)

Tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were grown for 21-days in a complete hydroponic nutrient solution including Fe(3+)-ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetate) and subsequently switched to nutrient solution withholding Fe for 8 days to induce Fe stress. The roots of Fe-stressed plants reduced chelated Fe at rates sevenfold higher than roots of plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions. The response in intact Fe-deficient roots was localized to root hairs, which developed on secondary roots during the period of Fe stress. Plasma membranes (PM) isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning from tomato roots grown under Fe stress exhibited a 94% increase in rates of NADH-dependent Fe(3+)-citrate reduction compared to PM isolated from roots of Fe-sufficient plants. Optimal detection of the reductase activity required the presence of detergent indicating structural latency. In contrast, NADPH-dependent Fe(3+)-citrate reduction was not significantly different in root PM isolated from Fe-deficient versus Fe-sufficient plants and proceeded at substantially lower rates than NADH-dependent reduction. Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was increased 22% in PM from roots of Fe-deficient plants compared to PM isolated from roots of Fe-sufficient plants. The results localized the increase in Fe reductase activity in roots grown under Fe stress to the PM.
An in vitro method for predicting the efficacy of WBC separation using different starch preparations and anticoagulant ratios (2000)

HP is far more effective than its lower-molecular-weight substitute PS in the generation of granulocytes in the buffy coat of whole blood. This method provides a simple, rapid, in vitro approach to evaluating the separating efficiency of solutions.
Lymphocyte proliferation responses of pigs inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus or porcine respiratory coronavirus (1994)

Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in intestinal, respiratory, and systemic lymphoid tissues of pigs exposed when 11 days old to virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), attenuated TGEV, or porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), 3 antigenically related porcine coronaviruses with distinct enteric and respiratory tissue tropisms. Mononuclear cells were prepared from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), bronchial lymph nodes (BLN), and spleens of pigs and tested for virus-specific responses by use of lymphocyte proliferation assays. Vigorous MLN and BLN proliferation responses to virulent TGEV and PRCV, respectively, at postinoculation days 8 to 24 were strongly associated with prior detection of TGEV in rectal swab samples and PRCV in nasal swab samples. Gastrointestinal disease and intestinal virus replication, assessed on the basis of rectal virus shedding, were almost exclusively found in the virulent TGEV-inoculated pigs, even though virulent TGEV and a high dose of attenuated TGEV elicited the highest proliferation responses in MLN. Pigs exposed to PRCV or attenuated TGEV did not have clinical signs of disease, and only 1 pig given a high dose of attenuated TGEV shed virus in feces. Porcine respiratory coronavirus replicated in the respiratory tract after either oronasal or aerosol inoculation of virus and induced strong BLN, but not MLN, proliferation responses. A high dose of attenuated TGEV (4 x 10(8) plaque-forming units) was more effective than a lower dose of attenuated TGEV (7 x 10(6) plaque-forming units) in eliciting significant lymphocyte proliferation in MLN and BLN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of patient burden using online social media in mild cognitive impairment (2020)

Abstract Background Detection and diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease (MCI‐AD) can be challenging due to the subtlety of changes in early stages of disease progression. As a result, opportunities to capture the patient burden in MCI‐AD can be limited. Method We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze challenges and issues that were the most frequently reported online by patients living with MCI‐AD and caregivers. Patients’ self‐reports and caregivers’ reports on patients were identified based on online narratives posted between January 1998 and December 2019 across 84 social media sources. The RLytics NLP platform was used in combination with manual curation to codify verbatim symptoms and impairments against standardized medical taxonomies such as WHO‐ICF and MedDRA, and further into the following categorizations: S ocial, P hysical, E motional, C ognitive, and R ole Activity ( SPEC‐R ). Result 63,933 narratives from 311 patients with MCI‐AD and 1,454 caregivers were qualified into the sample for analysis. The most frequently reported issues varied between patients and caregivers. Cognitive issues (e.g. memory impairments and comprehension‐related) were the most frequently reported by both groups, however, patients reported at a higher rate. This may suggest a deeper concern with losing cognitive ability felt by patients themselves at the disease stage of MCI. This is further supported by a higher reporting rate of anxiety and depressive disorders among patients relative to caregivers. In contrast, certain role activity, physical and social issues (e.g. driving, fatigue, walking and mobility, relationships with spouse or partner) are reported by caregivers at a higher rate than patients, suggesting that these issues may have a greater impact on the daily lives of caregivers or may be more readily recognizable than cognitive issues. Conclusion The SPEC‐R framework helps identify, understand, and prioritize the most pressing concerns at the symptom and functional level by patients and caregivers. It can uncover areas of disease burden in MCI‐AD that are less frequently associated with MCI, particularly in the non‐cognitive domains, that may not be sufficiently captured by early diagnostic processes in the clinical setting.
Goober: A fully integrated and user-friendly microarray data management and analysis solution for core labs and bench biologists (2009)

Summary Despite the large number of software tools developed to address different areas of microarray data analysis, very few offer an all-in-one solution with little learning curve. For microarray core labs, there are even fewer software packages available to help with their routine but critical tasks, such as data quality control (QC) and inventory management. We have developed a simple-to-use web portal to allow bench biologists to analyze and query complicated microarray data and related biological pathways without prior training. Both experiment-based and gene-based analysis can be easily performed, even for the first-time user, through the intuitive multi-layer design and interactive graphic links. While being friendly to inexperienced users, most parameters in Goober can be easily adjusted via drop-down menus to allow advanced users to tailor their needs and perform more complicated analysis. Moreover, we have integrated graphic pathway analysis into the website to help users examine microarray data within the relevant biological content. Goober also contains features that cover most of the common tasks in microarray core labs, such as real time array QC, data loading, array usage and inventory tracking. Overall, Goober is a complete microarray solution to help biologists instantly discover valuable information from a microarray experiment and enhance the quality and productivity of microarray core labs. The whole package is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/goober. A demo web server is available at http://www.goober-array.org.
Response of bare 1–3 piezocomposite array to localized electrical excitation (2005)

The theoretical response of a 1-3 piezocomposite plate submitted to localized electrical excitation was studied with the theory of guided waves. The theoretical modeling was based on the global matrix method, and the piezocomposite material was considered as a homogeneous medium. To validate the theoretical results, experimental displacement measurements were performed with an interferometric probe on two piezocomposite plates, one with a single element and one with an array of electrodes. The measured response on the single-element plate was mainly supported by the S0 and S3 modes of the plate. Homogenization limits of the composite in terms of frequency and wave number are defined on the basis of data from this sample. Within these limits, the piezocomposite material operates as a homogeneous medium, and comparison between theoretical and experimental results allows the equivalent electroacoustic parameters to be evaluated. A second sample was measured to study the effects of the electrode array on the electroacoustic response of the plate. Two kinds of electrical excitation were studied.
Nonspecific reactions of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (TECRA) for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods (1992)

A staphylococcal enterotoxin visual immunoassay kit (TECRA) has recently become commercially available. Since the kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system equipped with polyvalent antisera against staphylococcal enterotoxin types A to E (SEA to SEE) and the test is simple and rapid to perform (4 h), it has been widely used for screening purposes. In this study, the sensitivity of the kit for detection of SEA, SEB, and SEC in ham, cheese, and mushrooms was similar to those of kits based on an enzyme immunoassay and reversed passive latex agglutination: 0.75 to 1.0 ng of SEA per ml, 0.5 to 0.75 ng of SEB per ml, and 1.0 to 1.25 ng of SEC per ml. However, the TECRA kit showed nonspecific reactions with food samples contaminated by microorganisms other than Staphylococcus aureus, such as Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens. The substance contributing to the false-positive results differed from true staphylococcal enterotoxins in that it was (i) heat labile (completely inactivated by heating for 2 min at 100 degrees C, whereas true staphylococcal enterotoxins were inactivated by about 10% with this treatment), (ii) lower in molecular weight than staphylococcal enterotoxins, and (iii) not bound to a copper chelate Sepharose gel (all of the substance remained in the unbound wash fraction, whereas staphylococcal enterotoxins were quantitatively bound to the gel). The problem of false-positive results with the TECRA kit could be resolved by heat treatment (2 min at 100 degrees C) or by cleanup procedures involving metal chelate affinity chromatography with copper chelate Sepharose for 4 h before use of the TECRA kit.
Magnetism in Ca2CoOsO6 and Ca2NiOsO6: Unraveling the Mystery of Superexchange Interactions between 3d and 5d Ions (2016)

In order to rationalize and predict the behavior of compounds containing 5d transition metal ions, an understanding of the local moments and superexchange interactions from which their magnetic properties are derived is necessary. The magnetic and electrical properties of the ferrimagnetic double perovskites Ca2CoOsO6 and Ca2NiOsO6 studied here provide critical insight toward that goal. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate, and experimental measurements confirm, that the Os(VI) moments are directed antiparallel to the Co/Ni moments. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements reveal that the orbital moment on osmium has a magnitude that is approximately 30% of the spin moment, and the two contributions oppose each other. Both the size and direction of the orbital moment are confirmed by the DFT calculations. The size of the Os(VI) total moment is predicted to be 0.6–0.7 μB by DFT calculations. The ferrimagnetic ground state is stabilized by strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the d2 Os(VI) ion and the d8/d7 Ni(II)/Co(II) ion. Not only does the observation of antiferromagnetic coupling violate the Goodenough–Kanamori rules, but also it is unusual in that it becomes stronger as the Os–O–Co/Ni bond angle decreases. This unusual behavior is shown to arise predominantly from coupling between Os t2g orbitals and Ni/Co eg orbitals, mediated by the intervening oxide ion. We further find that both compounds are spin–orbit assisted Mott insulators.
Parallel scalability of Hartree–Fock calculations (2015)

Quantum chemistry is increasingly performed using large cluster computers consisting of multiple interconnected nodes. For a fixed molecular problem, the efficiency of a calculation usually decreases as more nodes are used, due to the cost of communication between the nodes. This paper empirically investigates the parallel scalability of Hartree-Fock calculations. The construction of the Fock matrix and the density matrix calculation are analyzed separately. For the former, we use a parallelization of Fock matrix construction based on a static partitioning of work followed by a work stealing phase. For the latter, we use density matrix purification from the linear scaling methods literature, but without using sparsity. When using large numbers of nodes for moderately sized problems, density matrix computations are network-bandwidth bound, making purification methods potentially faster than eigendecomposition methods.
Sophisticated 32 &#x00D7; 32 &#x00D7; 4-layer DOI detector for high resolution PEM scanner (2007)

We are now developing a sophisticated 32×32×4- layer depth of interaction (DOI) detector for a positron emission mammography (PEM) scanner which has both high resolution and high sensitivity. The candidate of scintillator is Lu1.8Gd0.2 SiO5 (LGSO) or Lu1.9Y0.1SiO5 (LYSO) and each crystal size is 1.45 mm × 1.45 mm × 4.5 mm. The white plastic reflectors with thickness of 0.125 mm are inserted into a crystal block with different patterns for each DOI layer. The crystal block is coupled to a 256-channel flat panel position sensitive photomultiplier tube which has 16 × 16 at intervals of 3.04 mm. In this work, we evaluated the performance of a DOI detector with LGSO crystals by obtaining a two-dimensional (2D) position histogram of all crystal elements with 511 keV gamma-ray irradiation. Results show that 4,096 crystal elements (32 × 32 × 4) can be clearly identified on the 2D position histogram. As the average over all crystal elements, the energy resolution is 14.7 % and the timing resolution is 849 ps in FWHM.
Interaction of U‐box‐type ubiquitin‐protein ligases (E3s) with molecular chaperones (2004)

Members of the U-box family of proteins constitute a class of ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) distinct from the HECT-type and RING finger-containing E3 families. Two representative mammalian U-box proteins, UFD2a and CHIP, interact with the molecular chaperones VCP and either Hsp90 or Hsc70, respectively, and are implicated in the degradation of damaged proteins. We have now investigated the roles of mammalian U-box proteins by performing a comprehensive screen for molecules that interact with these proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. All mammalian U-box proteins tested were found to interact with molecular chaperones or cochaperones, including Hsp90, Hsp70, DnaJc7, EKN1, CRN, and VCP. These observations suggest that the function of U box-type E3s is to mediate the degradation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in conjunction with molecular chaperones as receptors that recognize such abnormal proteins.
Invasion Pathways and Malaria Severity in Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates (2007)

The invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum occurs through multiple pathways that can be studied in vitro by examining the invasion of erythrocytes treated with enzymes such as neuraminidase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. We have studied the invasion pathways used by 31 Kenyan P. falciparum isolates from children with uncomplicated or severe malaria. Six distinct invasion profiles were detected, out of eight possible profiles. The majority of isolates (23 of 31) showed neuraminidase-resistant, trypsin-sensitive invasion, characteristic of the pathway mediated by an unknown parasite ligand and erythrocyte receptor "X." The neuraminidase-sensitive, trypsin-sensitive phenotype consistent with invasion mediated by the binding of parasite ligand erythrocyte binding antigen 175 to glycophorin A, the most common invasion profile in a previous study of Gambian field isolates, was seen in only 3 of 31 Kenyan isolates. No particular invasion profile was associated with severe P. falciparum malaria, and there was no significant difference in the levels of inhibition by the various enzyme treatments between isolates from children with severe malaria and those from children with uncomplicated malaria (P, >0.1 for all enzymes; Mann-Whitney U test). These results do not support the hypothesis that differences in invasion phenotypes play an important role in malaria virulence and indicate that considerable gaps remain in our knowledge of the molecular basis of invasion pathways in natural P. falciparum infections.
Axillary artery to left anterior descending coronary artery bypass with an externally stented graft: a technical report (2008)

With the proliferation of minimally invasive cardiac surgery a number of alternative inflow sites for coronary artery bypass grafting have been utilized, especially in higher risk patients. The use of axillary-coronary artery bypass is a safe and effective alternative especially in the case of patients requiring redo coronary revascularization. However, the length and convoluted course of the axillary-coronary vein graft makes is susceptible to twisting, trauma and neointimal hyperplasia. We therefore report a case of an axillary-coronary artery bypass in a high risk patient in which a Dacron conduit was used to externally support and protect the vein graft to the left anterior descending artery. Surgical technique and considerations are presented and discussed.