gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring frame process parameters and fabric comfort. Part I – low-stress mechanical properties of fabrics (2013)

AbstractInfluence of ring frame process parameters, namely twist multiplier of yarn, spindle speed and ring frame draft, on some of the yarn characteristics has been studied. The low-stress mechanical characteristics of woven and knitted fabrics made out of these yarns have also been reported in the present paper. Yarn packing factor, which is directly related with the yarn diameter, has direct impact on fabric comfort related characteristics. All the studied ring frame process parameters, i.e. yarn twist, ring frame draft and spindle speed, have inverse effect on the yarn diameter, which means the yarn diameter reduces with the increase in one of the process parameters by keeping the other two parameters constant. The impact of draft on reduction in yarn diameter is found to be higher as compare to other two parameters. All these ring frame process parameters have significant impact on other yarn parameters also. The increase in yarn twist, spindle speed and draft result in increase in flexural rigidity, unevenness and imperfections of yarn and decrease in yarn hairiness. All the low-stress mechanical properties, i.e. tensile, shear, bending, compression and surface, of both woven and knitted are affected by the above ring frame parameters. The thickness of fabrics changes with the yarn compactness, i.e. with the reduction in yarn diameter. The study revealed that by changing the above ring frame process parameters, it is possible to manipulate the fabric handle characteristics without changing the fabric constructional parameters.Keywords: bendingcompressionfrictional coefficientpacking densityshearsurface roughnesstensileyarn diameter
DML: SELECT, JOINs, and Control-of-Flow (2001)

DML (Data Manipulation Language) is the subset of T-SQL that allows you to manipulate data stored in the database objects created with DDL (Data Definition Language) statements. DML is fundamental to working with SQL Server (and understanding the examples presented later in the book) so this chapter covers a lot of important material. The SELECT statement and some of the more useful clauses and operators are covered in detail and the various JOINs are presented and explained through a series of examples. The chapter completes with coverage of the control-of-flow statements available in T-SQL.
The predual of the space of decomposable maps from a $C^*$-algebra into\n a von Neumann algebra (2012)

For a $C^*$-algebra $\\mathcal A$ and a von Neumann algebra $\\mathcal R$, we\ndescribe the predual of space $D(\\mathcal A,\\mathcal R)$ of decomposable maps\nfrom $\\mathcal A$ into $\\mathcal R$ equipped with decomposable norm. This\npredual is found to be the matrix regular operator space structure on $\\mathcal\nA \\otimes \\mathcal R_*$ with a certain universal property. Its matrix norms are\nthe largest and its positive cones on each matrix level are the smallest among\nall possible matrix regular operator space structures on $\\mathcal A \\otimes\n\\mathcal R_*$ under the two natural restrictions: (1) $|x \\otimes y| \\le |x|\n|y|$ for $x\\in M_k(\\mathcal A), y \\in M_l(\\mathcal R_*)$ and (2) $v \\otimes w$\nis positive if $v \\in M_k(\\mathcal A)^+$ and $w \\in M_l(\\mathcal R_*)^+$.\n
Topographical and Compositional Gradient Tubular Scaffold for Bone to Tendon Interface Regeneration (2022)

The enthesis is an extremely specific region, localized at the tendon-bone interface (TBI) and made of a hybrid connection of fibrocartilage with minerals. The direct type of enthesis tissue is commonly subjected to full laceration, due to the stiffness gradient between the soft tissues and hard bone, and this often reoccurs after surgical reconstruction. For this purpose, the present work aimed to design and develop a tubular scaffold based on pullulan (PU) and chitosan (CH) and intended to enhance enthesis repair. The scaffold was designed with a topographical gradient of nanofibers, from random to aligned, and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles along the tubular length. In particular, one part of the tubular scaffold was characterized by a structure similar to bone hard tissue, with a random mineralized fiber arrangement; while the other part was characterized by aligned fibers, without HAP doping. The tubular shape of the scaffold was also designed to be extemporarily loaded with chondroitin sulfate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan effective in wound healing, before the surgery. Micro CT analysis revealed that the scaffold was characterized by a continuous gradient, without interruptions from one end to the other. The gradient of the fiber arrangement was observed using SEM analysis, and it was still possible to observe the gradient when the scaffold had been hydrated for 6 days. In vitro studies demonstrated that human adipose stem cells (hASC) were able to grow and differentiate onto the scaffold, expressing the typical ECM production for tendon in the aligned zone, or bone tissue in the random mineralized part. CS resulted in a synergistic effect, favoring cell adhesion/proliferation on the scaffold surface. These results suggest that this tubular scaffold loaded with CS could be a powerful tool to support enthesis repair upon surgery.
The Visual Process: Excitatory Mechanisms in the Primary Receptor Cells (1972)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Détection et localisation d’objets stationnaires par une paire de caméras PTZ (2012)

Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche originale pour détecter et localiser des objets stationnaires sur une scène étendue en exploitant une paire de caméras PTZ. Tout d'abord, nous présentons une méthode de détection et de segmentation d'objets stationnaires. Celle-ci est basée sur la ré-identification de descripteurs de l'avant-plan et une segmentation de ces régions en objets à l'aide de champs de Markov. Notre méthode permet de dater l'avant-plan de la scène, et sous certaines conditions de segmenter différents objets contenus dans une seule composante connexe du premier plan. La seconde contribution concerne la mise en correspondance entre les deux caméras PTZ des silhouettes d'objets détectées dans chaque image. L'appariement, effectué à partir de contraintes purement géométriques, permet d'associer directement des ensembles de silhouettes. Notre système est finalement testé sur des séquences qui montrent sa robustesse aux occultations.
Compact Optical Switches and Modulators Based on Dispersion Engineered Photonic Crystals (2010)

We use slow-light photonic crystals to enhance optical switching and modulation in silicon. By using dispersion-engineered designs, a switch as short as 5 ¿m was achieved, in which we have demonstrated rerouting of optical pulses on a 3-ps time scale through the absorption of a femtosecond pulse. We additionally demonstrate a modulator with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration with flat-band slow-light photonic crystal phase shifters that is designed to give a large group-index-bandwidth product. An extinction ratio in excess of 15 dB is obtained over the entire 11-nm bandwidth of the modulator.
An Investigation of the End-Notched Flexure and End-Loaded Split Tests Applied to the Mode II Interlaminar Fracture of a SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite (2019)

Abstract Delamination is a common failure mode observed in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and occurs as a result of applied interlaminar tensile and shear stresses exceeding the interlaminar strength. As CMCs are further implemented into aero engines the need to understand their interlaminar failure becomes increasingly important. While significant contributions have been made toward understanding the mode I fracture toughness of CMCs, limited work exists on mode II. Several test methods for measuring the mode II fracture toughness have been proposed in literature, namely the end-notched flexure (ENF) and the end-loaded split (ELS) tests. This work investigates the mode II fracture toughness of a melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC CMC at ambient temperature using the ENF and ELS test methods. Acoustic emission (AE), direct current potential drop (DCPD), and digital image correlation (DIC) are implemented as health monitoring techniques to monitor crack initiation and propagation. Results show reasonable correlation between the two test methods and that the ELS test method is better suited for characterizing R-curve behavior.
Motion planning for formations of Dubins vehicles (2010)

This paper studies the motion planning problem for formations of n identical Dubins vehicles maintaining constant distances. We discuss three basic formations: star formations, chain formations and ring formations, from which any formation based on pairwise constant distance can be obtained. The challenge is to control such high-dimensional affine systems with drift through 1-dimensional controls whose admissible ranges depend on the configuration variables. Motion planning algorithms are designed to drive star formations and chain formations between any two configurations in their reachable sets. For ring formations, a motion planning algorithm is proposed when all vehicles have the equal direction of motion. Finally, examples of trajectories of ring formations in case of non equal directions of motion are presented.
[Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis with remarkable obstructive impairment of pulmonary function]. (1998)

A 57-year-old-man was admitted because of persistent cough and progressive dyspnea over a period of 2 months. Examination revealed wheezing in both lungs, severe hypoxemia, and marked obstructive impairment of pulmonary function. A chest CT scan showed diffuse small nodular lesions with patchy air space opacifications. The patient was initially given a diagnosis of bronchiolitis of unknown cause. He showed marked improvement after treatment with oral prednisolone, but developed fever and dyspnea after returning home. This episode indicated hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a diagnosis supported by findings of increased CD 8 positive T-lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a high titer of serum anti-Trichosporon antibody. Lung biopsy samples obtained under video-assisted thoracoscopy disclosed noncaseating granulomas in terminal and respiratory bronchioles, which resulted in marked narrowing of the lumen. The pathologic changes seemed to be consistent with obstructive impairment of pulmonary function in this patient.
Antiulcer Potential of Psidium guajava Seed Extract Supported by Metabolic Profiling and Molecular Docking (2022)

One of the most severe human health problems is gastric ulceration. The main aim of our study is to explore the gastroprotective effect of the <i>Psidium guajava</i> seeds extract (PGE). Metabolic profiling based on LC-HRMS for the extract led to the dereplication of 23 compounds (<b>1</b>-<b>23</b>). We carried out a gastric ulcer model induced by indomethacin in male albino rats in vivo and the extract of PGE was investigated at a dose of 300 mg/kg in comparison to cimetidine (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, the assessment of gastric mucosal lesions and histopathology investigation of gastric tissue was done. It has been proved that <i>Psidium guajava</i> seeds significantly decreased the ulcer index and protected the mucosa from lesions. The antiulcer effect of <i>Psidium guajava</i> seed extract, which has the power of reducing the ensuing inflammatory reactions, can counteract the inflammation induced by indomethacin by the downregulation of relative genes expression (<i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i>). Moreover, PGE significantly downregulated the increased <i>COX-2</i>, <i>TGF-β</i>, and <i>IGF-1</i> relative genes expression, confirming its beneficial effect in ulcer healing. Moreover, the possible PGE antioxidant potential was determined by in vitro assays using hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical scavenging and revealed high antioxidant potential. Additionally, on the putatively annotated metabolites, an in silico study was conducted, which emphasized the extract's antiulcer properties might be attributed to several sterols such as stigmasterol and campesterol. The present study provided evidence of <i>Psidium guajava</i> seeds considered as a potential natural gastroprotective agent.
Accumulation of NonfunctionalS-Haplotypes Results in the Breakdown of Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility in Tetraploid Prunus (2005)

The transition from self-incompatibility (SI) to self-compatibility (SC) is regarded as one of the most prevalent transitions in Angiosperm evolution, having profound impacts on the genetic structure of populations. Yet, the identity and function of mutations that result in the breakdown of SI in nature are not well understood. This work provides the first detailed genetic description of the breakdown of S-RNase-mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) in a polyploid species that exhibits genotype-dependent loss of SI. Genetic analyses of six natural sour cherry (Rosaceae, Prunus cerasus) selections identified seven independent, nonfunctional S-haplotypes with disrupted pistil component (stylar-S) and/or pollen component (pollen-S) function. A genetic model demonstrating that the breakdown of SI in sour cherry is due to the accumulation of a minimum of two nonfunctional S-haplotypes within a single individual is developed and validated. Our finding that sour cherry is SI when only one nonfunctional S-haplotype is present has significant evolutionary implications since nonfunctional S-haplotypes would be maintained in the population without causing an abrupt shift to SC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that heteroallelic sour cherry pollen is self-incompatible, which is counter to the well-documented phenomenon in the Solanaceae where SC accompanying polyploidization is frequently due to the SC of heteroallelic pollen.
A Resample-Based SVA Algorithm for Sidelobe Reduction of SAR/ISAR Imagery With Noninteger Nyquist Sampling Rate (2014)

A resample-based spatial variant apodization (SVA) algorithm for sidelobe reduction was studied for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse SAR (ISAR) imagery with a noninteger Nyquist sampling rate. The weighting function of every sample in the image domain was calculated with the sample and two adjacent noninteger samples. The noninteger samples were obtained by interpolation in the image domain using sinc function. With the proper selection of two noninteger samples, the monotonic property of the weighting function on each side of the sampling point was preserved. The unequivocal determination of sidelobe suppression was achieved for noninteger Nyquist sampled (NINS) SAR and ISAR imagery. In addition, the lower and upper boundaries of the weighting function under the cosine-on-pedestal condition were extended for further sidelobe suppression and main lobe sharpening. The algorithm was implemented and applied to NINS imagery that is simulated. The algorithm was then assessed for acquired SAR and ISAR images. Improved results have been qualitatively and quantitatively achieved in sidelobe suppression and main lobe sharping in comparison with an existing algorithm.
CONCISE REVIEW Biological: Interleukin 1 Signal Transduction— Current Concepts and Relevance to Periodontitis (2001)

This review examines a well-characterized factor, interleukin 1 (IL-1), that has recently received considerable attention. A level of understanding is emerging that goes beyond simple recognition that IL-1 plays a role in disease, and begins to explain the molecular mechanisms of function. This review summarizes some current information on the importance of IL-1 in periodontitis as well as the signal transduction of IL-1, from binding to its cell-surface receptors, to the activation of cytoplasmic mediators and transcription factors responsible for the induction of target genes. The effect of IL-1 signal transduction is ultimately the activation and repression of specific transcription factors that regulate genes responsible for cellular activities. As additional steps of signal transduction become better-characterized, these insights may facilitate the development of improved therapeutic approaches for controlling inflammation and connective tissue destruction in a variety of diseases.
Spectral Stiffness Microplane Model for Quasibrittle Textile Composites (2015)

The present contribution proposes a general constitutive model to simulate the orthotropic stiffness, pre-peak nonlinearity, failure envelopes, and the post-peak softening and fracture of textile composites. Following the microplane model framework, the constitutive laws are formulated in terms of stress and strain vectors acting on planes of several orientations within the material meso-structure. The model exploits the spectral decomposition of the orthotropic stiffness tensor to define orthogonal strain modes at the microplane level. These are associated to the various constituents at the mesoscale and to the material response to different types of deformation. Strain-dependent constitutive equations are used to relate the microplane eigenstresses and eigenstrains while a variational principle is applied to relate the microplane stresses at the mesoscale to the continuum tensor at the macroscale. Thanks to these features, the resulting spectral stiffness microplane formulation can easily capture various physical inelastic phenomena typical of fiber and textile composites such as: matrix microcracking, micro-delamination, crack bridging, pullout, and debonding. The application of the model to a twill 2$\times$2 shows that it can realistically predict its uniaxial as well as multi-axial behavior. Furthermore, the model shows excellent agreement with experiments on the axial crushing of composite tubes, this capability making it a valuable design tool for crashworthiness applications. The formulation is computationally efficient, easy to calibrate and adaptable to other kinds of composite architectures of great current interest such as 2D and 3D braids or 3D woven textiles.
High Strength Steels for Automotive applications: Recent Trends and Experience at Tata Steel (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The cars need to meet the new legislative regulations on green house emissions, safety, and durability and acoustic comfort coming into force in near future. At the same time there has been a strong demand from the market to produce cars, which offer better fuel efficiency and hence low cub weight in combination with better crash performance. High strength steels provide a convincingly reasonable solution to the above conflicting requirements by proposing the concept lightweight design. Various new lightweight materials like aluminum, magnesium and plastics have been proposed but steel still constitutes more than 70 % of BIW weight and have remained a preferred material based on issues like cost, recyclability, reparability, reliability and other manufacturing concerns viz. formability and weldability. Various high strength steels grades both hot rolled and cold rolled are being developed worldwide to provide flexibility in design to the automobile manufacturers in order to meet their product requirements. However, issues like formability and weldability requirements as well as rolling mill constraints involved in development of high strength sheets need to be resolved.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Tata Steel has been perusing aggressive product development plans to produce thinner gauge high strength steels for automotive application. With a major focus on Indian automotive market, Tata Steel so far, has been able to successfully develop high strength steel grades like TRIP, DP, BH and IF-HS for varying combination of properties for various applications in automobiles. While some of them have already been commercialized, few of them have been experimentally developed and waiting for commercialization.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a brief overview of the trend of use of high strength steels and Tata Steels' experience in development of such new steel grades.&lt;/div&gt;
Single-walled carbon nanohorns as drug carriers: adsorption of prednisolone and anti-inflammatory effects on arthritis (2011)

Prednisolone (PSL), an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid drug, was adsorbed on oxidized single-walled carbon nanohorns (oxSWNHs) in ethanol-water solvent. The quantity of adsorbed PSL on the oxSWNHs was 0.35-0.54 g/g depending on the sizes and numbers of holes on the oxSWNHs. PSL was adsorbed on both the outside and the inside of the oxSWNHs, and released quickly in a couple of hours and slowly within about one day from the respective places. The released quantity in culture medium strongly depended on the concentration of the PSL-oxSWNH complexes, suggesting that PSL adsorbing on oxSWNHs and PSL in the culture medium were in concentration equilibrium. The local injection of PSL-oxSWNHs into the tarsal joint of rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) slightly retarded the progression of the arthritis compared with controls. By histological analysis of the ankle joint, the anti-inflammatory effect of PSL-oxSWNHs was also observed.
Control of atom-photon interactions with shaped quantum electron wavepackets (2021)

Photon emission from atoms and free electrons underlie a wealth of fundamental science and technological innovations. We present a regime where atom-photon and electron-photon interactions interfere with each other, resulting in substantial changes in the spontaneous emission rate compared to the sum of each interaction considered in isolation. We highlight the critical role played by quantum electron wavepackets, and how the emission can be tailored via the electron waveshape, as well as the atomic population and coherence. Our findings reveal that atom-photon and electron-photon interactions cannot be considered in isolation even when higher-order contributions involving all three bodies (atom, photon and free electron) are negligible. Our findings pave the way to more precise control over photon emission processes and related diagnostics.
Connecting Lyapunov Control Theory to Adversarial Attacks (2019)

Significant work is being done to develop the math and tools necessary to build provable defenses, or at least bounds, against adversarial attacks of neural networks. In this work, we argue that tools from control theory could be leveraged to aid in defending against such attacks. We do this by example, building a provable defense against a weaker adversary. This is done so we can focus on the mechanisms of control theory, and illuminate its intrinsic value.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF 4‐ARYLIDENE‐2‐β‐PHENETHYL‐2‐OXAZOLIN‐5‐ONES (1977)

Abstract Oxazolinone des Typs (I) reagieren mit Grignard‐Verbindungen, NH 3 (in Abwesenheit von K 2 CO 3 ), Aminen und aromatischen Thiolen unter Ringöffnung [Bildung z.B. der Säureamide (II), (III) bzw. (VII)].
The ongoing legacy of R.L. Katz (2004)

Robert L. Katz first called attention to the problem of identifying those skills necessary for successful performance in managerial roles. This paper identifies the impact of Katz's classic 1955 work on managerial skills and notes the continuing legacy of his work. Modifications and additions appearing in the management literature, particularly introductory or principles textbooks, are noted with a suggested expansion of Katz's work that would subsume the dominant ones of those. The importance of managerial skills to the carrying out of managerial functions is also discussed.