gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface states and catalytic properties of La1-xSrxCoO3. (1988)

The surface state of perovskite-type La1-xSrxCoO3 was investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As for fresh (as-prepared) oxides, the surface composition of A site cations (La+Sr) was larger than the bulk composition, though Sr tended to segregate more easily at the surface than La. It was found that surface state of the oxides was stable at temperatures below 500°C but subject to change drastically at the higher temperatures. When the oxide was evacuated at 800°C, the surface was reduced to (La, Sr)4Co3O10 or (La, Sr)2CoO4 and, in the subsequent cooling under an oxygen atmosphere, the reduced surface layer was reoxidized to a Sr enriched perovskite-type oxide. The surface state was also affected by the calcination temperature in the catalyst preparation. As calcination temperature increased, La content increased while Sr content decreased. This change may be caused by the sublimation of Sr from the surface during the calcination at high temperatures. These changes in surface state and composition were found to lead to the deactivation of catalytic properties.
Jitter analysis of electrical samplers based on a propagation line (2007)

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the good jitter performances of samplers based on a propagation line. Targeting high resolution and high bandwidth (10 effective bits at 8 GM and 20 GM bandwidth) two of these architectures have been adapted to large temporal sampling windows. As the trigger structures consist of inverters, the jitter of an elementary inverter is optimized and a delay cell is simulated and compared to measurements. Jitter of the two trigger structures is discussed.
Compressive Strength and Hot Deformation Behavior of TX32 Magnesium Alloy with 0.4% Al and 0.4% Si Additions (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgement
Extracellular Collagen VI Has Prosurvival and Autophagy Instructive Properties in Mouse Fibroblasts (2018)

Collagen VI (ColVI) is an abundant and distinctive extracellular matrix protein secreted by fibroblasts in different tissues. Human diseases linked to mutations on ColVI genes are primarily affecting skeletal muscle due to non-cell autonomous myofiber defects. To date, it is not known whether and how fibroblast homeostasis is affected by ColVI deficiency, a critical missing information as this may strengthen the use of patients' fibroblasts for preclinical purposes. Here, we established primary and immortalized fibroblast cultures from ColVI null (<i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice, the animal model of ColVI-related diseases. We found that, under nutrient-stringent condition, lack of ColVI affects fibroblast survival, leading to increased apoptosis. Moreover, <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> fibroblasts display defects in the autophagy/lysosome machinery, with impaired clearance of autophagosomes and failure of Parkin-dependent mitophagy. <i>Col6a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> fibroblasts also show an increased activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, compatible with the autophagy impairment, and adhesion onto purified ColVI elicits a major effect on the autophagic flux. Our findings reveal that ColVI ablation in fibroblasts impacts on autophagy regulation and cell survival, thus pointing at the new concept that this cell type may contribute to the pathological features of ColVI-related diseases.
Glycerol metabolism supports oral commensal interactions (2023)

During oral biofilm development, interspecies interactions drive species distribution and biofilm architecture. To understand what molecular mechanisms determine these interactions, we used information gained from recent biogeographical investigations demonstrating an association of corynebacteria with streptococci. We previously reported that Streptococcus sanguinis and Corynebacterium durum have a close relationship through the production of membrane vesicle and fatty acids leading to S. sanguinis chain elongation and overall increased fitness supporting their commensal state. Here we present the molecular mechanisms of this interspecies interaction. Coculture experiments for transcriptomic analysis identified several differentially expressed genes in S. sanguinis. Due to its connection to fatty acid synthesis, we focused on the glycerol-operon. We further explored the differentially expressed type IV pili genes due to their connection to motility and biofilm adhesion. Gene inactivation of the glycerol kinase glpK had a profound impact on the ability of S. sanguinis to metabolize C. durum secreted glycerol and impaired chain elongation important for their interaction. Investigations on the effect of type IV pili revealed a reduction of S. sanguinis twitching motility in the presence of C. durum, which was caused by a decrease in type IV pili abundance on the surface of S. sanguinis as determined by SEM. In conclusion, we identified that the ability to metabolize C. durum produced glycerol is crucial for the interaction of C. durum and S. sanguinis. Reduced twitching motility could lead to a closer interaction of both species, supporting niche development in the oral cavity and potentially shaping symbiotic health-associated biofilm communities.
Incoordination of Sucking, Swallowing, and Breathing as an Etiology for Breastfeeding Difficulty (1994)

This case report describes an infant who presented with coughing and choking during breastfeeding. Comprehensive clinical evaluation of these difficulties included assessment of sucking, swallowing, and breathing. Stridor and difficulty interspersing breaths during sucking bursts were observed, although sucking mechanics were normal. Further evaluation of airway structure revealed asymmetric laryngomalacia. This structural problem, exacerbated by the breastfeeding position, impeded respiration and resulted in poor coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing. This case underscores the need to include respiratory function and coordination in the evaluation of breastfeeding difficulties.
Development of a Plasma Waterjet Scrubber for the Reduction of PFCs (2010)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are widely used in semiconductor industry. These gases need to be removed efficiently because of their strong absorption of infrared radiation and long atmospheric lifetimes which cause the global warming effect. To destruct <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX>, a waterjet gliding arc plasma was designed and manufactured. The highest <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX> destruction showed at waterjet plasma case, compared to plasma discharge only or water scrubber only, respectively. In addition, it could be known that the <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX> destruction should be associated with the electron and OH radicals. The operating conditions such as waterjet flow rate, initial <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX> concentration, total gas flow rate, specific energy input were investigated experimentally using a plasma waterjet scrubber. Through the parametric studies, the highest <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX> destruction of 94.5% was achieved at 0.2% <TEX>$CF_4$</TEX>, 2.1 kJ/L SEI, 20 L/min total gas flow rate and 18.5 mL/min waterjet flow rate.
Sequential information maximization can explain eye movements in an object learning task (2004)

PURPOSE Models have been proposed to predict “salient” points in an image, but little progress has been made in relating these points to human fixation patterns (e.g. Itti & Koch, 2000). Part of the difficulty is that eye movements depend on top-down cues such as object knowledge and task in addition to bottom-up stimulus properties. We had subjects learn to recognize novel object silhouettes. The information in the stimulus can be defined in terms of edge orientations. We hypothesize that subjects employ a strategy of sequential information maximization, and propose a dynamic model that computes the most informative fixation sequence. METHODS Novel objects were constructed by superimposing the silhouettes of two inverted objects from the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) dataset. The experiment consisted of 4 learning phases and 4 recognition phases, conducted over 5 consecutive days. We tracked the position of the dominant eye as subjects viewed the stimulus monocularly. MODEL We use entropy to characterize the distribution of possible orientations at each edge point in the stimulus. A polar grid based on the human cortical magnification factor is centered at a possible fixation. The entropy in each bin is computed from groundtruth edge orientations and used to update orientation information at each edge point in the bin. The fixation that maximizes information gain about the stimulus is chosen as the next fixation. RESULTS Cumulative information gain curves show that subjects maintain a consistent strategy for both learning and recognition trials. The model outperforms the human observers in collecting information quickly, but it produces a sequence of fixations that resembles human behavior. CONCLUSION A simple model of sequential information maximization shows promise in describing human eye movements driven by low-level stimulus properties. Extensions of the model can be used to probe the limits of human sensitivity in a learning and recognition task.
Chemiluminescent determination of esterases in monocytes (1998)

Esterase from monocytes promotes the hydrolysis of 2-methyl-1-propenylbenzoate (MPB) yielding 2-methyl-1-propenol, which is oxidized by horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 producing triplet acetone. The chemiluminescence of this reaction can be enhanced by the addition of 9,10-dibromoanthracene-2-sulphonate. The non-specific esterase present in monocytes is responsible for MPB hydrolysis, since (a) the chemiluminescence of the reaction was inhibited by fluoride, and (b) cells that do not contain a significant amount of non-specific esterases, e.g. lymphocytes and neutrophils, did not trigger light emission. The analytical application of this reaction is considered.
Antibodies as probes for Ca2+ activation sites in the Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (1993)

In earlier studies (Chen, S. R. W., Zhang, L., and MacLennan, D. H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 23318-23326), an amino acid sequence, designated 13c2, lying between amino acid residues 4478 and 4512 in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor was shown, through the use of a polyclonal antibody, to be involved in Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release. In the present study, an immobilized synthetic peptide, PEPEPEPEPE, corresponding to part of the predicted high affinity Ca2+ binding site between residues 4489 and 4499, was used to purify specific antibodies from an anti-13c2 rabbit antiserum. The effect of this affinity-purified, anti-peptide (anti-13cp1) antibody on Ca2+ release channel function was then characterized using single channel recordings across planar lipid bilayers. The anti-peptide antibody inhibited Ca(2+)- or caffeine-activated channel activities without closing the channel but did not diminish ATP-activated channel activity. The addition of ATP reversed the inhibition of the Ca(2+)- or caffeine-activated channel by the antibody, and the antibody-bound, ATP-activated channel was further modulated by Mg2+, ryanodine, and ruthenium red. The major epitopes in the anti-13c2 antibody, previously shown to activate the Ca2+ release channel by increasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the channel, did not lie in the PE repeat. These results suggest that the PE repeat sequence forms a site involved in the Ca2+ activation pathway.
Binding of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Protein to the Viral RNA Encapsidation Signal in the Yeast Three-Hybrid System (1998)

We have used the yeast three-hybrid system (D. J. SenGupta, B. Zhang, B. Kraemer, P. Pochart, S. Fields, and M. Wickens, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:8496-8501, 1996) to study binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein to the HIV-1 RNA encapsidation signal (HIVPsi). Interaction of these elements results in the activation of a reporter gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this system, we have shown that the HIV-1 Gag protein binds specifically to a 139-nucleotide fragment of the HIVPsi signal containing four stem-loop structures. Mutations in either the Gag protein or the encapsidation signal that have been shown previously to impair this interaction reduced the activation of the reporter gene. Interestingly, the nucleocapsid portion of Gag retained the RNA binding activity but lost its specificity compared to the full-length Gag. These results demonstrate the utility of this system and suggest that a variety of genetic analyses could be performed to study Gag-encapsidation signal interactions.
An image tracking algorithm using reduced sufficient statistics (2002)

An algorithm is presented for tracking an extended target from imaging array data, which is based on the reduced sufficient statistic (RSS) method of Kulhavy (1990). The method has wide application as it can be used in situations where the image does not have a closed form functional representation. This is accomplished by storing a finite set of templates which are averaged images of the target in various positions and orientations. The RSS method recursively calculates a set of sufficient statistics for a density which approximates the a posteriori density of the target parameter vector. While the parameter vector includes the orientation of the target as components, it only uses the orientation to find a good match between the received image and an expected image of the target given different positions and orientations. A sensor is individually capable of estimating the distance of the target, since the templates are functions of the target range. This manifests itself in the scale of the image due to the perspective transform in the camera model.
A High-Rate Secondary Treatment Based on a Moving Bed Bioreactor and Multimedia Filters for Small Wastewater Treatment Plants (2003)

For small wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs), high-rate secondary treatment systems with good treatment efficiency and easy, stable, and robust operation are called for. In this paper an experimental study on a high rate secondary treatment based on moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and multimedia filters is presented. A high rate MBBR converts easily biodegradable SCOD in short HRT (0.5 h) directly after screening, then a Kaldnes-Filtralite-Sand (KFS) filter removes the particulate COD and detached biofilms at filtration rates of 10-20 m/h. The whole system gave effluent SS and COD less than 30 mg/L and 100 mg/L when total detention time is less than 1 h and small dosage of chemicals (iron and/or cationic polymer) is used. A new scenario of high rate secondary system with a primary Kaldnes coarse media filter in front of high rate MBBR and the KFS filter is proposed and discussed. This scenario with total HRT less than 2h is more suitable for high influent SS concentrations and may also be extended for nitrogen and phosphorous removal. Compared to conventional secondary treatment, the high rate secondary treatment will be using only 1/5-1/10 of the space, resulting in considerable savings for construction, energy and operation.
Control of the vibration damping through surface functionalization of a shear force probe (2001)

Shear force mapping on thiolipid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers probed with Al-coated tips leads to a contrast highly dependent on the monolayer molecular organization, which does not correspond to the topographical relief of the sample. The use of functionalized surface probes offers the possibility to better control the probe-to-sample interaction. In addition, hydrophilic surface probes are totally insensitive to alkyl chain arrangements in the monolayer. Hydrophobic probes, instead, can be chosen to map shear force on soft samples in liquid environment, since their mechanical properties are not influenced by the surrounding liquid.
Interaction of Materials Used in Concrete: Effects of Fly Ash and Chemical Admixtures on Portland Cement Performance (2006)

Different combinations of fly ash and chemical admixtures can drastically affect the hydration behavior of Portland cement. In addition, other variables such as aggregate source, mixture proportions, environmental conditions, placement techniques and curing conditions can further complicate concrete field performance predictions. Tests were performed to illustrate the effects of fly ash and the effects of combined fly ash and chemical admixtures on cement hydration. Suggested guidelines to avoid abnormal setting behavior of concrete mixtures include: performing trial batches for all particular mixtures, monitoring the admixture dosage rates in the field, and avoid substituting a different class of fly ash without evaluating the concrete mixture.
Anomalous Ferromagnetism of quasiparticle doped holes in cuprate heterostructures revealed using resonant soft X-ray magnetic scattering (2022)

We report strong ferromagnetism of quasiparticle doped holes both within the ab-plane and along the c-axis of Cu-O planes in low-dimensional Au/d-La<sub>1.8</sub>Ba<sub>0.2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub>/LaAlO<sub>3</sub>(001) heterostructures (d = 4, 8 and 12 unit-cells) using resonant soft X-ray and magnetic scattering together with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Interestingly, ferromagnetism is stronger at a hole doped peak and at an upper Hubbard band of O with spin-polarization degree as high as 40%, revealing strong ferromagnetism of Mottness. For in-ab-plane spin-polarizations, the spin of doped holes in O2p-Cu3d-O2p is a triplet state yielding strong ferromagnetism. For out-of-ab-plane spin-polarization, while the spins of doped holes in both O2p-O2p and Cu3d-Cu3d are triplet states, the spin of doped holes in Cu3d-O2p is a singlet state yielding ferrimagnetism. A ferromagnetic-(002) Bragg-peak of the doped holes is observed and enhanced as a function of d revealing strong ferromagnetism coupling between Cu-O layers along the c-axis.
Perspective on High‐efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se2‐based Thin‐film Solar Cells Fabricated by Simple, Scalable Processes (1995)

Abstract We have fabricated high‐efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS)‐based photovoltaic (PV) devices by four different processes. Each process may be characterized as cither sequential or concurrent deposition of the metals with or without an activity of selenium. A world‐record, total‐area efficiency of 17.1% has been achieved by the concurrent delivery of the metals in the presence of selenium. Gallium has been introduced into the device in such a manner as to produce homogeneous, normal profiling and double‐profiling graded bandgap structures. This has resulted in an open‐circuit voltage (V oc ) parameter of 680 mV and a fill factor of over 78%. A growth model has been developed allowing for simple translation of these processes to a manufacturing environment for the large‐scale production of modules.
Combining Both Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Borrowing Hydrogen Mechanisms in One System as Described by DFT Calculations (2022)

Abstract The mechanisms for the formation of N‐substituted hydrazones by coupling of alcohols and hydrazine, achieved by the sequential processes of acceptorless dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen, has been unveiled by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The release of water and molecular hydrogen as subproducts, combined with the Mn‐PNN pincer based catalyst describe a green environment. Mechanistically, apart from describing a complex system of three coupled catalytic pathways, calculations describe the pivotal role of two intermediates, which participate in two catalytic pathways each one. Finally, predictive catalysis plays the role to push forward this reaction toward milder conditions, and thus in line with green chemistry standards.
Overcoming Chemical Challenges in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of High-Purity GnRH Antagonist Degarelix. Part 1. (2019)

The highly potent, long-acting, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Degarelix is known to be very efficient for prostate cancer treatment. The synthesis of decapeptide Degarelix is complicated because of the presence in its sequence of several unnatural α-amino acids, which are prone to rearrangements and side reactions. In particular, the rearrangement of the dihydroorotic (Hor) moiety with following hydantoin formation in the presence of bases represents one of the major problems. In this study, we describe a novel chemical strategy to overcome this obstacle by the use of the corresponding p-nitrophenylalanine derivative, which is reduced on the solid support to p-aminophenylalanine and acylated with dihydroorotic acid at the end of the solid-phase synthesis. Thus, the contact of Hor with the bases required for Fmoc deprotection is completely avoided. This approach provides a superior purity of Degarelix when the synthesis is carried out in the industrial scale as well.
Protein Delivery From Polymeric Nanoparticles (2011)

Aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of two loading methods of proteins onto polymeric nanocarriers: adsorption and encapsulation methods. Preliminary studies of protein loading were done using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as model protein. Nanocarriers were prepared starting from polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer; production methods used are two different variants of emulsion evaporation method. Nanoparticles obtained were analyzed in terms of dimensions by Dynamic Light Scattering and Loading Efficiency of BSA by Bradford Assay. Loaded nanoparticles were then submitted to in-vitro protein dissolution test in order to study the effect of the delivery system on the release rate of the protein.
Development of Computerized Critical Care Protocols-A Strategy That Really Works! (1990)

Our initial goal was to develop protocols to ensure uniform care in both groups of our current randomized clinical trial, “Extracorporeal CO(2) Removal for ARDS” (ECCO(2)R, NIH Grant HL36787). These hypoxemia protocols utilize the bedside intensive care unit (ICU) computer terminal to prompt the clinical care team with therapeutic and diagnostic suggestions. The protocols have been used for over 15,000 hours in 61 adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. 38 of these ARDS patients met extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) criteria. The survival of the ECMO criteria ARDS patients was 41%, four times that expected (9%) from historical data (p < 0.003). The four fold increase in survival is surprising. The success of these computer protocols clearly established the feasibility of controlling the therapy of severely ill patients. Over the last four years we have refined the process which we use for generating computerized protocols. The purpose of this paper is to present the six step development strategy which we are successfully using to produce computerized critical care protocols.
Magnetic full-tensor SQUID gradiometer system for geophysical applications (2006)

In 1997, the Institute for Physical High-Technology (IPHT) in Jena, Germany, started a program with the aim of developing an airborne full-tensor magnetic gradiometer superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) using liquid-helium-based thin-film technology. Since that time, the sensor, system electronics, data acquisition system, and cryogenics have been developed and extensively tested. This article reports on successful tests of the intrinsic planar LTS (low-temperature superconductor) SQUID gradiometers which were conducted by towing the system from a helicopter as well as for a stinger-mounted configuration in a Cessna 208 aircraft.
The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis (2010)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide yet there is still a lack of effective treatments for this condition. Increasingly, attention has turned to the role of the synovium in OA as it is now recognized, in part from the use of modern imaging techniques, that synovitis is both common and associated with pain. This offers a target for treatment, for both symptom and potential structure modification. In this review we discuss the evidence for histological and imaging-detected synovitis and the current role of antisynovial therapies in OA.