gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal management issues and evaluation of a novel, flexible substrate, 3-dimensional (3-D) packaging concept (2002)

The 3D MCM is an attractive choice to meet the speed, power, weight and cost-effectiveness requirements of current electronic packaging, but presents challenges in terms of thermal management, reliable high density electrical interconnects, and mechanical configuration. This paper addresses the thermal and electrical aspects of flexible substrate (flex) 3D MCM structures. A 3D polymer-based flex substrate configuration is proposed, and modeling results show the concept's feasibility. Test results are presented and discussed relative to modeling results. The flex configuration is discussed in terms of the high density electrical interconnection using elastomers and SMT connections between flex layers. Although flex has low thermal conductivity, tests and simulation show that up to 6 W can be dissipated through a 6 mm/spl times/6 mm area. Vias contribute to an increased interconnect density and assist with thermal management. Moreover, epoxy used to attach die to flex and flex to heat spreader should be used sparingly to reduce thermal resistance. Better thermal and electrical performance can be realized by a flip chip configuration rather than wire bonded chips, as a flipped die is best cooled from the upper side. Consideration must be given to assembly process and operational stresses, and the implications of such factors on system performance are discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the use of embedded passives on interconnect and passive device densities in terms of electrical performance is addressed. Finally, the future direction of the work is reviewed.
Complexity Analysis for Higher Order Few Mode Fiber DSP Equalizers (2012)

In this work, the DSP equalizer complexity is analyzed as a function of the modal dispersion and the number of supported modes of a few-mode fiber. It is shown that a training symbol based scheme such as OFDM is virtually unaffected by the increasing number of modes, whereas for blind FDE/TDE equalization the complexity drastically increases.
Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis in Children (1978)

The clinical and laboratory data on 87 cases of orbital and periorbital cellulitis were reviewed. Two distinct clinical presentations were encountered. One group of 45 patients had no history of trauma on apparent focus of infection. Blood cultures on these patients were positive in 34%. Haemophilus influenzae accounted for 82% of the positive blood cultures. This group of patients shares common features with children who have facial cellulitis due to H. influenzae type b. The second group consisted of 42 patients with adjacent soft tissue focus of infection. There was only one positive blood culture in this group. Staphylococcus aureus and/or group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus were isolated from conjunctival or wound exudate in the majority of these patients. Thirteen patients with orbital cellulitis were encountered among the 87 cases. These patients were older and had a high incidence of demonstrable sinus disease when compared with the overall group. The pathophysiology of orbital and periorbital cellulitis is reviewed and an approach to the management of these disorders is formulated.
Syringomyelia and Scoliosis: A Review of Twenty-five Pediatric Patients (1994)

A retrospective review of 25 patients with scoliosis secondary to syringomyelia was conducted. All patients had large syrinxes, but only 10 patients had abnormal neurologic findings, suggesting that subtle neurologic findings in patients with scoliosis should not be underestimated and supporting liberal use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results of three approaches to the care of these patients were reviewed: passive observation, bracing, and spinal fusion. Curves progressed > or = 5 degrees in patients aged < 10 years who were observed, but in children aged > 10 years, curves progressed > or = 10 degrees. Curves responded well to bracing, but correction was not maintained out of brace for patients with progressive and/or severe curves. Good corrective was achieved safely during operation.
Ice Initiation by Aerosol Particles: Measured and Predicted Ice Nuclei Concentrations versus Measured Ice Crystal Concentrations in an Orographic Wave Cloud (2010)

Abstract The initiation of ice in an isolated orographic wave cloud was compared with expectations based on ice nucleating aerosol concentrations and with predictions from new ice nucleation parameterizations applied in a cloud parcel model. Measurements of ice crystal number concentrations were found to be in good agreement both with measured number concentrations of ice nuclei feeding the clouds and with ice nuclei number concentrations determined from the residual nuclei of cloud particles collected by a counterflow virtual impactor. Using lognormal distributions fitted to measured aerosol size distributions and measured aerosol chemical compositions, ice nuclei and ice crystal concentrations in the wave cloud were reasonably well predicted in a 1D parcel model framework. Two different empirical parameterizations were used in the parcel model: a parameterization based on aerosol chemical type and surface area and a parameterization that links ice nuclei number concentrations to the number concentrations of particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm. This study shows that aerosol size distribution and composition measurements can be used to constrain ice initiation by primary nucleation in models. The data and model results also suggest the likelihood that the dust particle mode of the aerosol size distribution controls the number concentrations of the heterogeneous ice nuclei, at least for the lower temperatures examined in this case.
Bioactive Natural Products from Papua New Guinea Marine Sponges (2012)

The discovery of novel natural products for drug development relies heavily upon a rich biodiversity, of which the marine environment is an obvious example. Marine natural product research has spawned several drugs and many other candidates, some of which are the focus of current clinical trials. The sponge megadiversity of Papua New Guinea is a rich but underexplored source of bioactive natural products. Here, we review some of the many natural products derived from PNG sponges with an emphasis on those with interesting biological activity and, therefore, drug potential. Many bioactive natural products discussed here appear to be derived from non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide biosynthesis pathways, strongly suggesting a microbial origin of these compounds. With this in mind, we also explore the notion of sponge-symbiont biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds and present examples to support the working hypothesis.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary data analysis of the ligand–receptor complex of the growth and differentiation factor 5 variant R57A (GDF5R57A) and BMP receptor IA (BRIA) (2011)

The binary ligand-receptor complex of human growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) bound to its type I receptor BMP receptor IA (BRIA) was prepared and crystallized. By utilizing the GDF5 variant R57A, which exhibits a high affinity in the subnanomolar range for BRIA, the binary complex of GDF5R57A bound to the extracellular domain of BRIA could be produced and purified. Crystals of this complex belonged to a monoclinic space group: either I2, with unit-cell parameters a = 63.81, b = 62.85, c = 124.99 Å, β = 95.9°, or C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 132.17, b = 62.78, c = 63.53 Å, β = 112.8°.
Impact of prolonged environmental exposure on stress transfer efficiency in poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide)/epoxy composites (2021)

Abstract The mechanical performance of fiber‐reinforced composites is seriously affected by their exposure to the environment. The combined action of elevated temperatures, humidity, and UV radiation (aging) on aramid fibers/epoxy resin composites is examined by employing Raman spectroscopy in tandem with mechanical loading. The imposed conditions drastically affect the interface of the composites altering the performance of the material under tensile loads. Although the maximum values of interfacial shear strength for the aged material are similar to that of the pristine material; however, they appear at lower strain levels, which is attributed to the significant decrease of the shear modulus of the epoxy matrix combined with the failure of aramid fibers to sustain the external loading due to the aging process. At high strains, the interface fails at lower strain levels (compared to the pristine sample) due to significant increase of micro‐cracking and micro‐voids on the surface of the aged composites. The formation of such flaws is the primary reason for the reduced mechanical performance and early failure of the composite material.
Inverse relationship between il-6 and sodium levels in patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections (2022)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Enzymatic plasticity of medial gastrocnemius fibers in the adult chronic spinal cat (1990)

The metabolic plasticity of single fibers in adult cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) 6 mo after complete spinal cord transection (Sp) at T12-T13 was studied. Some Sp cats were trained to weight support (Sp-WS) 30 min/day beginning 1 mo posttransection. Cross-sectional area, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), and myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities were determined in fibers identified in frozen serial sections. Fibers were categorized as light or dark based on myosin ATPase staining, alkaline preincubation. The percentage of dark ATPase fibers was higher in Sp and Sp-WS (approximately 85%) than in control (approximately 60%). All dark ATPase fibers reacted positively to a fast myosin heavy chain monoclonal antibody. In both spinal groups, a higher percentage of dark ATPase fibers reacted to both fast and slow myosin heavy chain antibodies than in controls. Neither Sp nor Sp-WS cats showed fiber atrophy. Compared with control, SDH activity was decreased in both fiber types of Sp cats. Daily weight-support training ameliorated this adaptation. There were no differences among the three groups in mean GPD and ATPase activities for either fiber type. There was a slight tendency, however, for spinal cats to have higher GPD and ATPase activities (independent of type) than control, probably reflecting the larger proportion of dark ATPase fibers in these cats. These observations indicate that 6 mo after spinalization in adult cats, some of the fibers of a fast muscle became "faster" and developed oxidative and glycolytic enzyme profiles that normally are exhibited in fast fatigable motor units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conference papers/proceedings (2004)

Conference: Molecular Mechanism in the Response to Radiaiton was held at Holiday Inn, Ventura, CA from January 26-31, 2003.The Conference was well-attended with 119 participants (attendees list attached).The attendees represented the spectrum of endeavor in this field coming from academia, industry, and government laboratories, both U.S. and foreign scientists, senior researchers, young investigators, and students.In designing the formal speakers program, emphasis was placed on current unpublished research and discussion of the future target areas in this field.There was a conscious effort to stimulate lively discussion about the key issues in the field
Neurotensin differentially regulates bile acid metabolism and intestinal FXR‐bile acid transporter axis in response to nutrient abundance (2021)

Studies demonstrate a role for neurotensin (NT) in obesity and related comorbidities. Bile acid (BA) homeostasis alterations are associated with obesity. We determined the effect of NT on BA metabolism in obese and non-obese conditions. Plasma and fecal BA profiles were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in male and female NT<sup>+/+</sup> and NT<sup>-/-</sup> mice fed low-fat (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks (early stage of obesity) or greater than 20 weeks (late stage of obesity). The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and BA transporter mRNA expression were assessed in ileum, mouse enteroids, and human cell lines. HFD decreased plasma primary and secondary BAs in NT<sup>+/+</sup> mice; HFD-induced decrease of plasma BAs was improved in NT-deficient mice. In NT<sup>+/+</sup> mice, HFD inhibited ileal FXR and BA transporter expression; HFD-decreased expression of FXR and BA transporters was prevented in NT<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Compared with LFD-fed NT<sup>+/+</sup> mice, LFD-fed NT<sup>-/-</sup> mice had relatively lower levels of ileal FXR and BA transporter expression. Moreover, NT stimulates the expression of FXR and BA transporters in Caco-2 cells; however, stimulated expression of BA transporters was attenuated in NT<sup>-/-</sup> enteroids. Therefore, we demonstrate that HFD disrupts the BA metabolism and ileal FXR and BA transporter axis which are improved in the absence of NT, suggesting that NT contributes to HFD-induced disruption of BA metabolism and plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of ileal FXR and BA transporter signaling under obese conditions. Conversely, NT positively regulates the expression of ileal FXR and BA transporters under non-obese conditions. Therefore, NT plays a dual role in obese and non-obese conditions, suggesting possible therapeutic strategies for obesity control.
Research and implementation of real-time RTP streams monitoring in 3G Voice Quality System (2012)

Based on the overall introduction of the Voice Quality System in 3G core network, this paper proposes the detailed design scheme of media information processing, including the decoding analysis of RTP protocol and the generation of CDR files. The principle and algorithm of CDR synthesis are introduced and a hash dynamic synthesis method is adopted to improve the efficiency of getting CDR. After the data processing, the system accomplishes the end-to-end voice quality analysis on basis of the relevance of RTP streams and corresponding signaling processes.
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of different extracts of Moringa�oleifera Lam on lymphoid and monocytoid cells (2019)

<i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. (MO) is one of the most well-known and widely distributed species of the Moringaceae family in African communities, and various preparations of <i>M. oleifera</i> are used for the treatment of several diseases. Due to the extensive worldwide use of MO products, and the use of MO aqueous extract in traditional African medicine, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities of different aqueous extracts from leaves and seeds of <i>M. oleifera</i> (MOE), which have been prepared using different protocols, in lymphoid and monocytoid cells. The results of the present study demonstrated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of the aqueous extracts obtained from <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves and seeds on tumour cells; however, not on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. The pro-apoptotic effect of MO seed aqueous extract (MOE-S) was correlated with decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protein expression, which are involved in apoptosis. Considering the effects of plant secondary metabolites on human cells and the role of plant microRNA in cross-kingdom interactions, the presence of secondary metabolites and microRNA in MOE was characterised. In conclusion, <i>M. oleifera</i> aqueous extracts appeared to be able to differentially regulate proliferation and apoptosis in healthy cells and cancer cells, and this ability could be associated with the microRNA present in the extracts. These results highlighted the possible use of MOE as an adjuvant in traditional cancer therapy.
Comments on "A Neurobiological Model for Near-Death Experiences" [#7] (1989)

Article outlining the author's opinions and comments regarding a paper written by Juan C. Saavedra-Aguilar and Juan S. Gómez-Jeria, which approaches near-death experiences from a biological/neurological standpoint rather than a spiritual one.
Salpingo-oophorectomy at the Time of Benign Hysterectomy (2016)

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy offers the advantage of effectively eliminating the risk of ovarian cancer and reoperation but can be detrimental to other aspects of health, especially among women younger than age 45 years.
Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles — an ecofriendly approach (2019)

Shabir Ahmad,1 Sidra Munir,1 Nadia Zeb1,2 Asad Ullah,1 Behramand Khan,1 Javed Ali,3 Muhammad Bilal,3 Muhammad Omer,4 Muhammad Alamzeb,5 Syed Muhammad Salman,1 Saqib Ali51Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; 2Department of Chemistry, Government Girls Degree College, Peshawar, Pakistan; 3Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan; 4Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19201, Pakistan; 5Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli 11100, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PakistanBackground: Nanotechnology explores a variety of promising approaches in the area of material sciences on a molecular level, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest in the present scenario. This review is a comprehensive contribution in the field of green synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of AgNPs using different biological sources.Methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs can be accomplished by physical, chemical, and green synthesis; however, synthesis via biological precursors has shown remarkable outcomes. In available reported data, these entities are used as reducing agents where the synthesized NPs are characterized by ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.Results: Modulation of metals to a nanoscale drastically changes their chemical, physical, and optical properties, and is exploited further via antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities. Results showed excellent growth inhibition of the microorganism.Conclusion: Novel outcomes of green synthesis in the field of nanotechnology are appreciable where the synthesis and design of NPs have proven potential outcomes in diverse fields. The study of green synthesis can be extended to conduct the in silco and in vitro research to confirm these findings.Keywords: green synthesis, plant mediated synthesis, silver bioactivity, microorganism &nbsp;
Fluorescence lidar measurements at the archaeological site house of augustus at palatino, Rome (2013)

Early diagnostics and documentation fulfill an essential role for an effective planning of conservation and restoration of cultural heritage assets. In particular, remote sensing techniques that do not require the use of scaffolds or lifts, such as fluoresence lidar, can provide useful information to obtain an overall assessment of the status of the investigated surfaces and can be exploited to address analytical studies in selected areas. Here we present the results of a joint Italian-Swedish project focused on documenting and recording the status of some sections of the part closed to the public by using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging lidar. The lidar used a tripled-frequency Nd:YAG laser emitting at 355 nm as excitation source and an intensified, gated 512x512-pixel CCD as detector. The lidar had imaging capabilities thanks to a computer-controlled scanning mirror. The fluorescence characteristics of fresco wall paintings were compared to those of fresco fragments found at the same archaeological site and separately examined in the lab using FT-IR and Raman techniques for the identification of pigments. The fluorescence lidar was also used to remotely detect the growth of phototrophic biodeteriogens on the walls. The fluorescence lidar data were compared with results from biological sampling, cultivation and laboratory analysis by molecular techniques.
Book reviews (1996)

M. R. Smyth, R. M. Smith, I. Colbeck, R. Jones and W. K. Glass, Analyst, 1996, 121, 115N DOI: 10.1039/AN996210115N
Safety and Efficacy of Novel Epidural Clonidine Micropellets for Lumbosacral Radiculopathy (2020)

Background: Chronic back and leg pain is a leading cause of disability and results in a significant health care expenditure. Options such as physical therapy, corticosteroids Epidural Injections (ESI) or spine surgery have limited long term benefit and may cause significant morbidity. Clonidine has anti-neuropathic pain and anti-inflammatory properties. A novel, slow-release biodegradable polymer (Poly (D, L-lactide) clonidine micropellets deliver sustained, high clonidine levels and may provide prolonged pain relief with minimal systemic side effects. Methods: A pilot multicenter investigation of the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and effectiveness of clonidine micropellets in patients with chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy. Three sequential cohorts of 18 subjects each received a single epidural injection of clonidine 0.325 mg, 0.975 mg or 1.95 mg (1, 3 or 6 micropellets, respectively) at the interlaminar epidural level that corresponds to the painful dermatomes. Clonidine PK was evaluated at multiple time points for 84 days. Paired t-tests were performed to examine changes from baseline within each cohort, and analysis of covariance evaluated differences between dose levels. NRS and RMS-Q disability scores were recorded at baseline and for one year follow up. Results: Peak plasma clonidine was observed 24h after injection and the mean elimination half-life ranged from 13 to 20 days. Statistically significant reduction in leg and back pain from baseline at all-time points up to 1 year was observed, in all cohorts as well as significant improvement in the RMS-Q at all timepoints. Adverse events and rescue medications were also recorded. Conclusion: Clonidine Micropellets would safely and slowly deliver clonidine over a prolonged period. Clonidine’s anti-neuropathic and anti-inflammatory effects could treat the radicular back and leg pain.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Contributes to Immunosuppression in Breast Carcinomas (2017)

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell biological program that confers mesenchymal traits on carcinoma cells and drives their metastatic dissemination. It is unclear, however, whether the activation of EMT in carcinoma cells can change their susceptibility to immune attack. We demonstrate here that mammary tumor cells arising from more epithelial carcinoma cell lines expressed high levels of MHC-I, low levels of PD-L1, and contained within their stroma CD8þT cells and M1 (antitumor) macrophages. In contrast, tumors arising from more mesenchymal carcinoma cell lines exhibiting EMT markers expressed low levels of MHC-I, high levels of PD-L1, and contained within their stroma regulatory T cells, M2 (protumor) macrophages, and exhausted CD8þT cells. Moreover, the more mesenchymal carcinoma cells within a tumor retained the ability to protect their more epithelial counterparts from immune attack. Finally, epithelial tumors were more susceptible to elimination by immunotherapy than corresponding mesenchymal tumors. Our results identify immune cells and immunomodulatory markers that can be potentially targeted to enhance the susceptibility of immunosuppressive tumors to various therapeutic regimens.