gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What's hot and what's not: tracking most frequent items dynamically (2005)

Most database management systems maintain statistics on the underlying relation. One of the important statistics is that of the “hot items” in the relation: those that appear many times (most frequently, or more than some threshold). For example, end-biased histograms keep the hot items as part of the histogram and are used in selectivity estimation. Hot items are used as simple outliers in data mining, and in anomaly detection in many applications.We present new methods for dynamically determining the hot items at any time in a relation which is undergoing deletion operations as well as inserts. Our methods maintain small space data structures that monitor the transactions on the relation, and, when required, quickly output all hot items without rescanning the relation in the database. With user-specified probability, all hot items are correctly reported. Our methods rely on ideas from “group testing.” They are simple to implement, and have provable quality, space, and time guarantees. Previously known algorithms for this problem that make similar quality and performance guarantees cannot handle deletions, and those that handle deletions cannot make similar guarantees without rescanning the database. Our experiments with real and synthetic data show that our algorithms are accurate in dynamically tracking the hot items independent of the rate of insertions and deletions.
Neutron Diffraction Study of anomalous negative thermal expansion in\n non-superconducting PrFe1-xRuxAsO (2012)

Neutron powder diffraction has been used to investigate the structural and\nmagnetic behavior of the isoelectronically doped Fe pnictide material\nPrFe1-xRuxAsO. Substitution of Ru for Fe suppresses the structural and magnetic\nphase transitions that occur in the undoped compound PrFeAsO. Contrary to the\nbehavior usually observed in 1111 pnictide materials, the suppression of both\nthe structural and magnetic transitions does not result in the emergence of\nsuperconductivity or any other new ground state. Interestingly, PrFeAsO itself\nshows an unusual negative thermal expansion (NTE) along the c-axis, from 60K\ndown to at least 4K; this does not occur in superconducting samples such as\nthose formed by doping with fluorine on the oxygen site. We find that NTE is\npresent for all concentrations of PrFe1-xRuxAsO with x ranging from 0.05 to\n0.75. These results suggest that the absence of superconductivity in these\nmaterials could be related to the presence of NTE.\n
Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Pure Graphene Oxide (GO) and ZnO-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Using DPPH Radical and H2O2 Scavenging Assays (2019)

In this work, zinc oxide-decorated graphene oxide (ZnO–rGO) was successfully synthesized with a fast reflux chemical procedure at 100 °C. An equal mass ratio of graphene oxide (GO) and zinc acetate was used as starting materials dissolved, respectively, in ultrapure distilled water and dimethylformamide (DMF). Particularly, pure GO was synthesized using Hummers modified protocol by varying the mass ratio of (graphite:potassium permanganate) as follows: 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, which allow us to obtain six types of pure and decorated samples, named, respectively, GO1:2, GO1:3, GO1:4, ZnO–rGO1:2, ZnO–rGO1:3, and ZnO–rGO1:4 using reflux at 100 °C. X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy spectra confirm the formation of wurzite ZnO in all ZnO-decorated samples with better reduction of GO in ZnO–rGO1:4, confirming that a higher degree of graphene oxidation allows better reduction during the decoration process with ZnO metal oxide. Antioxidant activity of pure and zinc oxide-decorated graphene oxide samples were compared using two different in vitro assays (DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging activities). Considerable in vitro antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner were recorded. Interestingly, pristine GO showed more elevated scavenging efficiency in DPPH tests while ZnO-decorated GO was relatively more efficient in H2O2 antioxidant assays.
The application of information technology in collecting data on tennis performance (2015)

This study focused on the application and accuracy of spatially marking tennis shots in a special computer interface based on the visual observation of video recorded tennis play. The interface program, graphically designed in the shape of a tennis court, is shown on a computer screen along with a video showing a series of balls being hit and landing on the court. The task of the observer was to mark on the interface the location where he/she felt the ball falls on the court. In effect, the interface functions as a coordinate system whereby tennis play (in this case balls falling on one side of the court) is catalogued into a series of coordinative points. These data are then converted into a spreadsheet allowing for statistical calculation and analysis. The results of the trial indicated that the accuracy of the designated points on the interface depended on the distance between where the ball fell and the nearest line delineating the court. Balls that landed less than 0.3 m from the nearest line featured a mean distance error of only 0.11 m. For the purpose of analysing game tactics, the interface was found to be an applicable tool in the collection of tennis match data.
Leveraging Affect Transfer Learning for Behavior Prediction in an Intelligent Tutoring System (2020)

In this work, we propose a video-based transfer learning approach for predicting problem outcomes of students working with an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). By analyzing a student's face and gestures, our method predicts the outcome of a student answering a problem in an ITS from a video feed. Our work is motivated by the reasoning that the ability to predict such outcomes enables tutoring systems to adjust interventions, such as hints and encouragement, and to ultimately yield improved student learning. We collected a large labeled dataset of student interactions with an intelligent online math tutor consisting of 68 sessions, where 54 individual students solved 2,749 problems. The dataset is public and available at https://www.cs.bu.edu/faculty/betke/research/learning/ . Working with this dataset, our transfer-learning challenge was to design a representation in the source domain of pictures obtained "in the wild" for the task of facial expression analysis, and transferring this learned representation to the task of human behavior prediction in the domain of webcam videos of students in a classroom environment. We developed a novel facial affect representation and a user-personalized training scheme that unlocks the potential of this representation. We designed several variants of a recurrent neural network that models the temporal structure of video sequences of students solving math problems. Our final model, named ATL-BP for Affect Transfer Learning for Behavior Prediction, achieves a relative increase in mean F-score of 50% over the state-of-the-art method on this new dataset.
In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give rise to multiple cell types, including the myotome (MYO), sclerotome (SCL), dermatome (D), and syndetome (SYN), which in turn develop into skeletal muscle, axial skeleton, dorsal dermis, and axial tendon/ligament, respectively. Therefore, the generation of SMs and their derivatives from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to obtain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in regenerative medicine and for disease research in the field of orthopedic surgery. Although the induction protocols for MYO and SCL from PSCs have been previously reported by several researchers, no study has yet demonstrated the induction of SYN and D from iPSCs. Therefore, efficient induction of fully competent SMs remains a major challenge. Here, we recapitulate human SM patterning with human iPSCs in vitro by mimicking the signaling environment during chick/mouse SM development, and report on methods of systematic induction of SM derivatives (MYO, SCL, D, and SYN) from human iPSCs under chemically defined conditions through the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and SM states. Knowledge regarding chick/mouse SM development was successfully applied to the induction of SMs with human iPSCs. This method could be a novel tool for studying human somitogenesis and patterning without the use of embryos and for cell-based therapy and disease modeling.
Excitation of Nitrogen by Electrons: The Lyman–Birge–Hopfield System of N2 (1969)

The intensity of vacuum ultraviolet emission produced by a beam of electrons in nitrogen has been measured to determine the probability of exciting the Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) bands of N2. Measurements included spectral scans of the region 1250–2150 Å and scans across the electron beam with a photometer sensitive in the range 1230–1800 Å. Some 60 spectral features were attributed to LBH bands. Emission in these bands persisted in a glowing region outside the electron beam. At low gas pressure (0.1 μ), relative band intensities are in rough agreement with values calculated by assuming the Franck–Condon principle applies in excitation and emission. At higher pressure, the intensity was increased by secondary processes, and bands with lower υ′ were enhanced relative to other bands. Photometer scans at low pressure yielded a profile of the glow around the beam which was fairly consistent with a profile calculated by assuming a radiative lifetime of 80 μsec for the parent state of the LBH. Based on the calculated profile and spectrometer and photometer observations, an apparent cross section of 1.1 ± 0.2 × 10−18 cm2 was obtained for excitation of the LBH system by 900-eV electrons. The dependence on energy of representative bands indicated total LBH cross sections for 100- and 2000-eV electrons of 6.7 × 10−18 and 5.2 × 10−19 cm2, respectively.
The role of high molecular weight chains in flow-induced crystallization precursor structures (2006)

Flow-induced crystallization in a bimodal polyethylene blend was investigated by means of in situ shear-WAXD (wide-angle x-ray diffraction) and shear-SAXS (small-angle x-ray scattering) techniques. The blend contained a low molecular weight (Mw = 50 000 g mol−1 and polydispersity = 2) polyethylene copolymer matrix (MB-50k) with 2 mol% of hexene, and a nearly monodisperse high molecular weight (Mw = 161 000 g mol−1 and polydispersity = 1.1) hydrogenated polybutadiene component (MD-161k), which has the microstructure of an ethylene–butene copolymer with 4 mol% butene. At the experimental temperatures of 112 and 115 °C, MB-50k exhibited faster crystallization kinetics and higher crystallinity due to higher chain mobility and higher ethylene content than those of the MB-50k/MD-161k blend. However, both WAXD and SAXS results indicated that the high molecular weight component (MD-161k) is responsible for the formation of more highly oriented crystals, which we relate to a shear-induced precursor scaffold. Values of the lamellar long period in all experimental runs were found to slightly decrease in the beginning of crystallization and then reached a plateau value. Vonk's method for single lamella scattering was employed to estimate the lamellar thickness in the MB-50k/MD-161k blend at high temperature (115 °C), where the lamellar thickness was also found to decrease in the beginning and remained about constant afterward. Twisted lamellar structures were observed in all formed kebabs.
Efecto de la hemina-arginina y el QF12 en la incorporación de 59 Fe en los eritrocitos de ratones Effect of hemin-arginine and QF12 on the incorporation of 59 Fe in mice erythrocytes (2006)

Se estudió el efecto de 2 compuestos de hemina obtenidos en el Centro de Química Farmacéutica: la hemina-arginina y el QF12, en el porcentaje de incorporación de 59 Fe a los eritrocitos circulantes de ratones normales. Se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre todos los grupos al segundo día (p = 0,022). En las pruebas a posteriori, se encontró que el porcentaje de incorporación de 59 Fe promedio del grupo que recibió el QF12 a 6 mg/kg fue significativamente mayor que el que se obtuvo con el placebo (p = 0,021) y significativamente mayor que los encontrados con la hemina-arginina a 3 mg/kg (p = 0,021) y con la hemina-arginina a 6 mg/kg (p = 0,016), al segundo día después de la inyección del 59 Fe. La obtención del QF12, primer compuesto hemínico cubano, y el éxito obtenido en su primer ensayo preclínico, permitieron realizar la solicitud de su patente<br>The effect of 2 hemin compounds (hemin-arginine and QF12 ) obtained at the Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry on the percentage of incorporation of 59 Fe in the circulating erythrocytes of normal mice was studied. A statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups on the second day (p = 0.022). In the a posteriori tests it was found that the average percentage of incorporation of 59 Fe of the group that received QF12 at 6 mg/kg was markedly higher than the one obtained with placebo (p = 0.021), and remarkably higher than the found with hemin-arginine at 3 mg/kg (p = 0.021), and with hemin-arginine at 6 mg/kg (p = 0.016) on the second day after the injection of 59 Fe. The obtention of QF12, the first Cuban heminic compound, and the success attained in its first preclinical test, allowed to request its patent
Why Achiral Rod-like Compound with Ester Group Amplifies Chiral Power in Chiral Mesophase (2007)

Abstract In this work, we carried out ab initio molecular orbital theory calculations for phenylbenzoate and N-benzylideneaniline, by which we will interpret unusual phenomenon of compounds 1 and 2.
Sustained durability of responses and improved progression-free and overall survival with imatinib treatment for accelerated phase and blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia: long-term follow-up of the STI571 0102 and 0109 trials (2009)

Sustained durability of responses and improved progression-free and overall survival with imatinib
Volume and number of neurons of the human hippocampal formation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (1997)

In order to observe changes owing to aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the volumes of subdivisions of the hippocampus and the number of neurons of the hippocampal formation, 18 normal brains from subjects who died of nonneurological causes and had no history of long-term illness or dementia (ten of these brains comprised the aged control group) and 13 AD brains were analyzed. An optimized design for sampling, measuring volume by using the Cavalieri principle, and counting the number of neurons by using the optical disector was implemented on 50 microns-thick cresyl-violet sections. The mean total volume of the principal subdivisions of the hippocampal formation (fascia dentata, hilus, CA3-2, CA1, and subiculum) showed a negative correlation with age in normal subjects (r = -0.56, 2P < 0.05), and a 32% mean reduction in the AD group compared with controls (P < 0.001). This finding supports the measurement of the coronal cross-sectional area and the volume of the hippocampal formation in the clinical diagnosis of AD. There was an inverse relationship between the age of normal subjects and the number of neurons in CA1 (r = -0.84, 2P < 0.0001) and subiculum (r = -0.49, 2P < 0.05) but not in other subdivisions. Pronounced AD-related reductions in neuron number were found only in the subiculum and the fascia dentata. Compared with controls, both losses represented 23% of neurons (P < 0.05). These results 1) confirm that AD is a qualitatively different process from normal aging and 2) reveal the regional selectivity of neuron loss within the hippocampal formation in aging and AD, which may be relevant to understanding the mechanisms involved in the neuron loss associated with the two processes.
Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis of 16-Membered Macrolides by the Erythromycin Polyketide Synthase (2001)

Streptomyces coelicolor CH999/pJRJ2 harbors a plasmid encoding DEBS(KS1 degrees ), a mutant form of 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase that is blocked in the formation of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (1, 6-dEB) due to a mutation in the active site of the ketosynthase (KS1) domain that normally catalyzes the first polyketide chain elongation step of 6-dEB biosynthesis. Administration of (2E,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-2-heptenoic acid, N-acetylcysteamine thioester (6) an unsaturated triketide analogue of the natural triketide chain elongation intermediate to cultures of S. coelicolor CH999/pJRJ2 results in formation of a 16-membered macrolactone, which is isolated in the hemiketal form 33. The formation of the octaketide 33 indicates that the triketide substrate has been processed by DEBS module 2 as if it were a diketide analogue. The substrate specificity of this novel reaction has been explored by the incubation of three additional analogues of the unsaturated triketide 6, compounds 18, 31, and 32, with S. coelicolor CH999/pJRJ2, resulting in the formation of the corresponding macrolactones 34, 35, and 36. By contrast, the unsaturated triketide 10, lacking a methyl group at C-2, did not give rise to any detectable macrolactone product when incubated with S. coelicolor CH999/pJRJ2.
Intra-host evolutionary dynamics of the hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs (2021)

Most individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are asymptomatic during the initial stages of infection and therefore the precise timing of infection is often unknown. Retrospective estimation of infection duration would improve existing surveillance data and help guide treatment. While intra-host viral diversity quantifications such as Shannon entropy have previously been utilized for estimating duration of infection, these studies characterize the viral population from only a relatively short segment of the HCV genome. In this study intra-host diversities were examined across the HCV genome in order to identify the region most reflective of time and the degree to which these estimates are influenced by high-risk activities including those associated with HCV acquisition. Shannon diversities were calculated for all regions of HCV from 78 longitudinally sampled individuals with known seroconversion timeframes. While the region of the HCV genome most accurately reflecting time resided within the NS3 gene, the gene region with the highest capacity to differentiate acute from chronic infections was identified within the NS5b region. Multivariate models predicting duration of infection from viral diversity significantly improved upon incorporation of variables associated with recent public, unsupervised drug use. These results could assist the development of strategic population treatment guidelines for high-risk individuals infected with HCV and offer insights into variables associated with a likelihood of transmission.
Data from CITED2 Modulates Breast Cancer Metastatic Ability through Effects on IKKα (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Previously, we identified the transcriptional coactivator CITED2 as a potential facilitator of bone metastasis using a murine mammary cancer model. Extending these studies to human breast cancer, it was observed that CITED2 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in patient specimens of metastatic breast cancer relative to primary tumors, with highest levels in metastasis to bone relative to non-bone sites. To further evaluate CITED2 functions in breast cancer metastasis, CITED2 expression was stably reduced in the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, which are metastatic in animal models. While CITED2 knockdown had no effect on cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced, as was the establishment of metastasis following intracardiac administration in athymic nude mice. To explore the mechanism behind these effects, gene expression following CITED2 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells by cDNA microarray was performed. As confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, expression of the NF-κB regulator IKKα was significantly reduced, along with several NF-κB targets with known roles in metastasis (OPN, MMP9, uPA, SPARC, IL11, and IL1β). Furthermore, ChIP assay revealed recruitment of CITED2 to the promoter of IKKα, indicating a direct role in regulating its expression. Consistent with reduced IKKα expression, CITED2 knockdown inhibited both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Finally, restoration of IKKα expression following CITED2 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells rescued their invasive ability. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CITED2 modulates metastatic ability in human breast cancer cells, at least in part, through the regulation of IKKα.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Implications:&lt;/b&gt; The current study highlights the role of CITED2 in facilitating breast cancer metastasis, partly via regulation of IKKα. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 14(8); 730–9. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Epitope-tagged and phosphomimetic mouse models for investigating natriuretic peptide-stimulated receptor guanylyl cyclases (2022)

The natriuretic peptide receptors NPR1 and NPR2, also known as guanylyl cyclase A and guanylyl cyclase B, have critical functions in many signaling pathways, but much remains unknown about their localization and function <i>in vivo</i>. To facilitate studies of these proteins, we developed genetically modified mouse lines in which endogenous NPR1 and NPR2 were tagged with the HA epitope. To investigate the role of phosphorylation in regulating NPR1 and NPR2 guanylyl cyclase activity, we developed mouse lines in which regulatory serines and threonines were substituted with glutamates, to mimic the negative charge of the phosphorylated forms (NPR1-8E and NPR2-7E). Here we describe the generation and applications of these mice. We show that the HA-NPR1 and HA-NPR2 mice can be used to characterize the relative expression levels of these proteins in different tissues. We describe studies using the NPR2-7E mice that indicate that dephosphorylation of NPR2 transduces signaling pathways in ovary and bone, and studies using the NPR1-8E mice that indicate that the phosphorylation state of NPR1 is a regulator of heart, testis, and adrenal function.