gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Calcium Influx Factors from Stimulated Jurkat T-lymphocytes by Microinjection into Xenopus Oocytes (1995)

Acid extracts of thapsigargin-activated Jurkat cells have been shown to have intracellular activity in inducing a dose-dependent rapid chloride current upon microinjection in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The extracts act by elevation of calcium through calcium entry. The factor(s) responsible for this activity have been termed calcium influx factor (CIF) and have been found to be small, relatively polar molecules (< 1000 daltons) whose activity is abolished by alkaline phosphatase treatment and potentiated by co-injection of okadaic acid (a protein phosphatase inhibitor). CIF is produced in a time-dependent manner following thapsigargin treatment of Jurkat cells, being first elevated above basal levels by 2 min. Intracellular CIF activity is completely absent from NG115-401L neuronal cells, which lack capacitative entry. On this basis, it appears that Jurkat cells, activated by stimuli that deplete internal calcium stores, produce one or more CIF activities acting intracellularly, and Xenopus oocytes may be a powerful tool to purify and characterize CIFs.
Increased Severity of Escherichia Coli Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Independent of Changes in in Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2003)

We describe a change in the virulence of E. coli peritonitis episodes over the past 5 years leading to a high percentage of treatment failure, which does not depend on antibiotic sensitivity and seems to be dependent on changes in host response mechanisms.
Ultrafast photo response in superconductive isotropic radiators for microwave generation (2015)

The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and the expected applications in the field of ultrafast opto-electronics has created a unique opportunity where the technology has the potential to bridge the frequency gap from infrared to microwave. A pulsed ultrafast laser impinging on a HTS thin film grown using yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) excites transient electron dynamics to generate radiation that spans from the terahertz to the microwave regime. The radiation phenomena were demonstrated by making transient photo-excitation measurements using an ultrafast laser to induce non-equilibrium quasi-particle dynamics. The photo-response from a laser of an average power of 1 W and a pulse duration greater than 120 fs (808 nm wavelength) incident on charged YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7-&delta;</sub> (YBCO) thin film at superconductive temperatures was measured using a series of microwave antennas. From the observed nanosecond response time of the transient pulse, we were able to extract frequency band structure in the GHz regime that was dependent on the incident beam diameter, pulse duration, power, and the physical structure of the YBCO thin film. The electron-phonon energy relaxation time is known to be on the order of a picosecond. However, by manipulating the resistive and kinetic inductive response of the material we demonstrate the ability to generate wideband microwave frequencies with a transient response on the order of the nanosecond time scale. Quasi-particle dynamics and the temporal response were analyzed using the Rothwarf-Taylor rate equations.
Clinical Findings in Mosaic Carriers of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (2000)

Careful clinical examination is the best way to detect heterozygous carriers and postzygotic mutation of X-linked HED. Heterozygous parents of patients with autosomal recessive HED show no features of the disorder. The starch-iodine test is not superior to a clinical examination in heterozygous carrier detection but may play a confirmative role and be of help in differentiating X-linked and autosomal recessive HED in isolated patients.
Androgen Action in Adipose Tissue and the Brain are Key Mediators in the Development of PCOS Traits in a Mouse Model (2020)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder characterized by endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic abnormalities. Despite PCOS being the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age, the etiology of PCOS is poorly understood, so there is no cure and symptomatic treatment is suboptimal. Hyperandrogenism is the most consistent feature observed in PCOS patients, and recently aberrant neuroendocrine signaling and adipose tissue function have been proposed as playing a role in the development of PCOS. To investigate the role of adipose tissue and the brain as key sites for androgen receptor (AR)-mediated development of PCOS, we combined a white and brown adipose and brain-specific AR knockout (AdBARKO) mouse model with a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced mouse model of PCOS. As expected, in wildtype (WT) control females, DHT exposure induced the reproductive PCOS traits of cycle irregularity, ovulatory dysfunction, and reduced follicle health, whereas in AdBARKO females, DHT did not produce the reproductive features of PCOS. The metabolic PCOS characteristics of increased adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hepatic steatosis induced by DHT in WT females were not evident in DHT-treated AdBARKO females, which displayed normal white adipose tissue weight and no adipocyte hypertrophy or liver steatosis. Dihydrotestosterone treatment induced increased fasting glucose levels in both WT and AdBARKO females. These findings demonstrate that adipose tissue and the brain are key loci of androgen-mediated actions involved in the developmental origins of PCOS. These data support targeting adipocyte and neuroendocrine AR-driven pathways in the future development of novel therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology (2021)

The genus <i>Lagochilus</i> (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus <i>Lagochilus</i> to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from <i>Lagochilus</i>, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from <i>Lagochilus</i> species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.
Morphological detectors for radar ELINT applications (2012)

This paper presents a novel application of mathematical morphology for Radar ELINT signals. The 1-D weak radar signals are transformed into 2-D time-frequency representation through the application of short-time Fourier Transforms (STFT). The time-frequency representation of these signals is treated as 2-D objects similar to images. Mathematical morphological operations are performed on this representation of the radar signals and are viewed as detectors. These Morphological detectors are found to be versatile in detecting weak radar signals.
Inflamm-Aging of Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment (2016)

All hematopoietic and immune cells are continuously generated by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through highly organized process of stepwise lineage commitment. In the steady state, HSCs are mostly quiescent, while HPCs are actively proliferating and contributing to daily hematopoiesis. In response to hematopoietic challenges, e.g., life-threatening blood loss, infection, and inflammation, HSCs can be activated to proliferate and engage in blood formation. The HSC activation induced by hematopoietic demand is mediated by direct or indirect sensing mechanisms involving pattern recognition receptors or cytokine/chemokine receptors. In contrast to the hematopoietic challenges with obvious clinical symptoms, how the aging process, which involves low-grade chronic inflammation, impacts hematopoiesis remains undefined. Herein, we summarize recent findings pertaining to functional alternations of hematopoiesis, HSCs, and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment during the processes of aging and inflammation and highlight some common cellular and molecular changes during the processes that influence hematopoiesis and its cells of origin, HSCs and HPCs, as well as the BM microenvironment. We also discuss how age-dependent alterations of the immune system lead to subclinical inflammatory states and how inflammatory signaling might be involved in hematopoietic aging. Our aim is to present evidence supporting the concept of "Inflamm-Aging," or inflammation-associated aging of hematopoiesis.
Neothyoside A, Proposed Structure of a Triterpenoid Tetraglycoside from the Pacific Sea Cucumber, Neothyone gibbosa (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeothyoside A, Proposed Structure of a Triterpenoid Tetraglycoside from the Pacific Sea Cucumber, Neothyone gibbosaRosalba Encarnacion, Gabriel Carrasco, Maricela Espinoza, Uffe Anthoni, Per H. Nielsen, and Carsten ChristophersenCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1989, 52, 2, 248–251Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50062a004https://doi.org/10.1021/np50062a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of caffeine inhibition of DNA repair in E. coli. (1990)

Caffeine inhibits excision repair and photoreactivation in E. coli in vivo. We used purified E. coli enzymes and DNase I footprinting to study the mechanism of inhibition in vitro. Photolyase binds to pyrimidine dimers in DNA in a radiation-independent process. Upon irradiation of this enzyme-substrate complex with photoreactivating light, pyrimidine dimers are reverted to their constituent pyrimidine monomers. Using an oligonucleotide containing a thymine dimer at a unique site, we found that caffeine associates with the substrate and inhibits photoreactivation by blocking the binding of photolyase to the dimer. ABC excinuclease catalyses early events of excision repair; recognition of covalently modified DNA and incision of the phosphodiester backbone on both sides of the modification. The UvrA subunit is involved in the damage recognition process, which we studied using an oligonucleotide containing a unique psoralen adduct. UvrA binds to the adduct and protects 33 base pairs surrounding the adduct from DNase I digestion. In the presence of caffeine, the DNaseI footprint of UvrA covers the entire oligonucleotide; thus, caffeine promotes the binding of UvrA to undamaged DNA. UvrA subunits "trapped" by caffeine would be unable to catalyze repair. The intercalators ethidium bromide and chloroquine also promoted UvrA binding to DNA, so it may be caffeine's ability to intercalate into DNA that results in the trapping of UvrA. Thus, as a consequence of its interaction with DNA, caffeine inhibits these repair systems in E. coli by two entirely different mechanisms, by promoting the nonspecific binding of the nucleotide excision repair enzyme and by interfering with specific binding of the photoreactivating enzyme.
Delineation of Agonist Binding to the Human Histamine H4Receptor Using Mutational Analysis, Homology Modeling, and ab Initio Calculations (2008)

A three-dimensional homology model of the human histamine H 4 receptor was developed to investigate the binding mode of a series of structurally diverse H 4-agonists, i.e. histamine, clozapine, and the recently described selective, nonimidazole agonist VUF 8430. Mutagenesis studies and docking of these ligands in a rhodopsin-based homology model revealed two essential points of interactions in the binding pocket, i.e. Asp3.32 and Glu5.46 (Ballesteros-Weinstein numbering system). It is postulated that Asp3.32 interacts in its anionic state, whereas Glu5.46 interacts in its neutral form. The hypothesis was tested with the point mutations D3.32N and E5.46Q. For the D3.32N no binding affinity toward any of the ligands could be detected. This is in sharp contrast to the E5.46Q mutant, which discriminates between various ligands. The affinity of histamine-like ligands was decreased approximately a 1000-fold, whereas the affinity of all other ligands remained virtually unchanged. The proposed model for agonist binding as well as ab initio calculations for histamine and VUF 8430 explain the observed differences in binding to the H 4R mutants. These studies provide a molecular understanding for the action of a variety of H 4 receptor-ligands. The resulting H 4 receptor model will be the basis for the development of new H 4 receptor-ligands.
Mechanism of Layer-by-Layer Homoepitaxial Growth of SrTiO3(100) as Investigated by Molecular Dynamics and Computer Graphics (1992)

The molecular dynamics method and computer graphics were found to be effective for simulating the deposition processes of the Ti 4+ , TiO 2+ , TiO 2 , and Sr 4 Ti 4 O 12 species on SrTiO 3 (100). Although the collision of these species with the SrTiO 3 surface greatly disturbed the surface atoms, the migration of the deposited species to the surface vacancies led to the formation of a smooth SrTiO 3 (100) surface.
Avoiding the rush hours (2011)

WiFi continues to be a prime source of energy consumption in mobile devices. This paper observes that, despite a rich body of research in WiFi energy management, there is room for improvement. Our key finding is that WiFi energy optimizations have conventionally been designed with a single AP in mind. However, network contention among different APs can dramatically increase a client's energy consumption. Each client may have to keep awake for long durations before its own AP gets a chance to send packets to it. As the AP density increases in the vicinity, the waiting time inflates, resulting in a proportional decrease in battery life.We design SleepWell, a system that achieves energy efficiency by evading network contention. The APs regulate the sleeping window of their clients in a way that different APs are active/inactive during non-overlapping time windows. The solution is analogous to the common wisdom of going late to office and coming back late, thereby avoiding the rush hours. We implement SleepWell on a testbed of 8 Laptops and 9 Android phones, and evaluate it over a wide variety of scenarios and traffic patterns (YouTube, Pandora, FTP, Internet radio, and mixed). Results show a median gain of up to 2x when WiFi links are strong; when links are weak and the network density is high, the gains can be even more. We believe SleepWell is a desirable upgrade to WiFi systems, especially in light of increasing WiFi density.
Optical pulse propagation in an asymmetrical nonlinear direction coupler and limiting effects (2005)

We numerically investigate the light propagation in an asymmetrical nonlinear directional coupler(NLDC) composed one self-focusing core and one self-defocusing core. We show all-optical limiting features in the NLDC for both continuous wave and pulse cases and analyze the working conditions required.
Reactions of Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf with Silanes:  Role of Base-Free Silylene Complexes in Rearrangements of the Resulting Silicon-Based Ligands (2002)

The mechanisms of silicon−hydrogen activation by Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf (Cp* = η5-C5Me5, OTf = OSO2CF3; 1) and rearrangements of the resulting silyliridium complexes were investigated. The scope of this reaction has been studied for silanes with a variety of substituents. Silylene complexes of the type [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(SiR2)(H)][X] (X = OTf, R = Mes, 6; X = B(C6F5)4, R = Ph, 16) have been isolated, and the likelihood of their involvement in the rearrangements is discussed. The kinetics of the isomerization reaction of the cyclometalated iridium(V) complex (5) to the iridium silylene [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(SiMes2)(H)][OTf] (6) were examined using NMR spectroscopic techniques. The primary kinetic isotope effect (Si−H vs Si−D bond) for this process was determined to be 1.4 ± 0.1, implying a rate-limiting hydride migration from silicon to iridium. The activation parameters for this isomerization have also been measured: ΔH⧧ = 23 ± 2 kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = 0.1 ± 0.01 eu. Slow hydride migration to produce a silylene complex from either Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf (1) or [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)(CH2Cl2)][B(C6F5)4] (17) is observed for large substituents on silicon. However, production of the sterically less crowded complex [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(SiPh2)(H)][B(C6F5)4] (16) is extremely rapid upon reaction of 17 with H2SiPh2. This argues for the intermediacy of a three-coordinate silicon species.
Systemic mastocytosis in 342 consecutive adults: survival studies and prognostic factors (2009)

Clinical phenotype in systemic mastocytosis (SM) is markedly variable, which complicates prognostication and decision making regarding the choice and timing of therapy. In a retrospective study of 342 consecutive adult patients with SM seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1976 and 2007, disease subdesignation according to the World Health Organization (WHO) proposal was indolent (ISM) in 159 (46%), with associated clonal hematologic non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD) in 138 (40%), aggressive (ASM) in 41 (12%), and mast cell leukemia in 4 (1%). KITD816V was detected in bone marrow-derived DNA by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 68% of 165 patients evaluated (ISM, 78%; ASM, 82%; SM-AHNMD, 60%; P = .03); JAK2V617F was detected in 4%, all in SM-AHNMD. Compared with those with nonindolent SM, life expectancy in ISM was superior and not significantly different from that of the age- and sex-matched US population. In addition, multivariable analysis identified advanced age, weight loss, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and excess bone marrow blasts as independent adverse prognostic factors for survival. The current study validates the prognostic relevance of the WHO subclassification of SM and provides additional information of value in terms of both risk stratification and interpretation of clinical presentation and laboratory results.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of PF‐06823859, an Anti–Interferon β Monoclonal Antibody: A Randomized, Phase I, Single‐ and Multiple‐Ascending‐Dose Study (2020)

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ascending, first-in-human study (NCT02766621) assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of PF-06823859, an anti-interferon β monoclonal antibody. Healthy subjects were randomized to single ascending doses (SADs) of intravenous PF-06823859 30, 100, 300, 900, or 2000 mg or placebo; to multiple ascending doses (MADs) of subcutaneous PF-06823859 100 or 300 mg or placebo (once every 2 weeks for a total of 3 doses); or to MAD of intravenous PF-06823859 600 mg or placebo (once every 3 weeks or once every 4 weeks for a total of 2 doses). The incidence, severity, and causal relationship of adverse events (AEs) were assessed, along with immunogenicity and PK. In total, 62 subjects were randomized to treatment (SAD, n = 35; MAD, n = 27). There were 76 treatment-emergent all-causality AEs in the SAD (PF-06823859: n = 25; placebo: n = 4) and MAD (PF-06823859: n = 40; placebo: n = 7) cohorts. In the SAD cohorts, all treatment-emergent all-causality AEs were mild in severity; 4 AEs of moderate severity were identified in the MAD cohorts. No dose-limiting AEs, serious AEs, treatment-related discontinuations, dose reductions, or deaths occurred. PF-06823859 exposure increased dose-proportionally, with half-life values ranging between 23 and 35 days. The estimated subcutaneous bioavailability was 43% to 44%. Immunogenicity incidence rates were low (antidrug antibodies, 12.5%; neutralizing antibodies, 2.1%). No immunogenically related clinical responses of concern were observed. In conclusion, PF-06823859 demonstrated an acceptable safety, tolerability, and PK profile that supports clinical development for treating disorders associated with increased interferon β levels, such as dermatomyositis or systemic lupus erythematosus.
Effect of Nebulized Arformoterol on Airway Function in COPD: Results from Two Randomized Trials (2008)

In these trials, COPD subjects administered nebulized arformoterol demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in lung function over 12 weeks.
Anyhdrous Chromium(II) Acetate, Chromium(II) Acetate 1‐Hydrate, and Bis(2,4‐Pentanedionato)Chromium (II) (1966)

This chapter contains sections titled: Anhydrous Chromium(I1) Acetate and Its 1–Hydrate BIS (2,4–Ppentanedionato)Chromium (II)
Tissue and cell-specific patterns of expression of rat liver and intestinal fatty acid binding protein during development and in experimental colonic and small intestinal adenocarcinomas. (1993)

The region- and cell-specific expression of these genes, which may be linked temporally to events in intestinal differentiation, are subject to disruption in a cell-specific manner in the transformed, or dedifferentiated, phenotype.
Structure, function and physiological consequences of virally encoded chemokine seven transmembrane receptors (2008)

A number of human and animal herpes viruses encode G-protein coupled receptors with seven transmembrane (7TM) segments-most of which are clearly related to human chemokine receptors. It appears, that these receptors are used by the virus for immune evasion, cellular transformation, tissue targeting, and possibly for cell entry. In addition, many virally-encoded chemokine 7TM receptors have been suggested to be causally involved in pathogenic phenotypes like Kaposi sarcoma, atherosclerosis, HIV-infection and tumour development. The role of these receptors during the viral life cycle and in viral pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Here we focus on the current knowledge of structure, function and trafficking patterns of virally encoded chemokine receptors and further address the putative roles of these receptors in virus survival and host -cell and/or -immune system modulation. Finally, we highlight the emerging impact of these receptor on virus-mediated diseases.