gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VALIDATION OF SURGICAL MASKS DURING COVID19 EMERGENCY: ACTIVITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAPOLI FEDERICO II (2025)

During COVID-19 pandemic crisis, Italian Government has approved Law Decree no. 18 of 17 march 2020, in which art. 15 allows enterprises to produce, import and commercialize surgical masks notwithstanding the current rules of product certification. It is just required that the interested enterprises send to the Italian National Institute of Health a selfcertification in which they declare the technical characteristics of the masks and that masks are produced according to the safety requirements. In this context, a technical-scientific unit was established at the University of Napoli Federico II to provide interested enterprises with state-of-the-art consultancy, testing and measurement services, adhering to rigorous scientific protocols. Characterization tests were carried out on 163 surgical masks and/or materials for their construction and they have enabled the identification of pre-screening criteria to simplify the procedure for evaluating surgical masks using methods for assessing the filtration efficiency of particles and aerosols. Based on experimental results, it has been observed that a filtration efficiency for particles with sizes larger that 650 nm (PFE>650) exceeding 35% might guarantees a bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) higher than 95% while BFE values higher than 98% are obtained when the PFE>650 is larger than 40%. PFE measurement is extremely simpler with respect to BFE, the latter being time-consuming and requiring specific equipment and methods for its realization. Many tested materials have shown the capability to assure high filtration efficiencies but Spundonded-Meltblown-Spunbonded (SMS), that are layers of non-woven fabric with different weights of Meltblown, can simultaneously guarantee high particle filtration efficiencies with pressure drop values (breathability) in the limits to classify the surgical masks as Type II/IIR. In fact, the fabric products analyzed so far have not been able to simultaneously guarantee adequate BFE and breathability values. On the contrary, Spunbonds of adequate weights can virtually verify both requirements and accredit themselves as possible materials for the production of surgical masks, at least of Type I. Further studies are needed to verify the possibility of producing low-cost, reusable surgical masks that could meet the criteria of circular economy.
Tremor Acquisition System Based on UWB Wireless Sensor Network (2010)

This work suggests to quantify and analyze tremorusing an Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). WSN based on UWB technology provides a new technology for non contact tremor assessment with extremely low radiation and penetration through walls. Tremor is the target symptom in the treatment of many neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), midbrain tremor, essential tremor (ET) and epilepsy. The common instrumental approaches for the assessment of tremor are motion capture devices and video tracking systems. The new tremor acquisition system is based on transmission of a wideband electromagnetic signal from multiple sensor nodes placed indifferent locations in a home and analysis of the received signal in each sensor node. The sensors can exchange information between each other with a coded transmission or send the raw data to a UWB hub for further analysis. The data can be then sent by an internet gateway to a health care center for monitoring and for medical care. This paper describes the basic system and gives a fundamental detection technique. For a feasibility test we built an UWB based sensor node prototype and examined its performance with an arm model that fluctuated in the range of clinical tremor frequencies (3-12 Hz). A future development of this work can lead to a low cost monitoring system installed at any home, hospital or school to continuously assess and report tremor conditions during daily life activities.
Reoviruses (2011)

Abstract Reoviruses are infectious agents, transmitted by respiratory and faecal – oral routes. The mammalian reoviruses (MRV) are the prototypic viruses of a large group of infectious agents, many of which are highly pathogenic to their natural hosts, although the MRV are not significant human pathogens. The MRV are distinguished by having a genome of 10 segments of double‐stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) that is located inside a double‐layered, spherical nonenveloped protein capsid. The capsid is incompletely uncoated during viral replication and the inner capsid (core) serves as an enzymatic ‘machine’ producing progeny mRNA. The virus is being studied as a potential anticancer oncolytic therapy. The virus is also quite stable and therefore is useful as a ‘bio‐indicator’ for assessing water quality and wastewater disinfection. Key Concepts: The reoviruses have served as models for understanding biology of double‐stranded RNA and RNA transcription signals. Mammalian reoviruses are ubiquitous in nature and virtually all mammalian species are infected by these agents. Reoviruses have a segmented genome and different genome segments from different virus types can mix to create hybrid progeny viruses called ‘reassortants’. Although most family members are highly pathogenic in their natural hosts, mammalian reoviruses are generally harmless to humans. Because the viruses are generally harmless, and because they are unusually stable, they serve beneficially as anticancer agents and for monitoring water and wastewater disinfection.
A less invasive E/sub max/ estimation method for weaning from cardiac assistance (1995)

The maximum elastance of the ventricle (Emax) is a strong candidate for a quantitative index used for determination of the timing of weaning the patient from a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This paper presents a new and less invasive method for deriving Emax of the left ventricle under the LVAD assistance. In this method (the CoP method), Emax can be calculated from two different end-systolic points which are produced by changing the drive phase of LVAD without any vascular clamping and any direct measurement of the left ventricular volume. Animal experiments indicated that the CoP method is useful when the measured left ventricular flow and pressure are employed. Moreover, a new technique for estimating the left ventricular flow was developed to make the CoP method less invasive without direct measurement of the flow. The technique could considerably improve the estimation accuracy of the flow in the co-pulsation mode in comparison with the previous one proposed by the authors. However, it has been revealed that the estimation accuracy of the left ventricular flow was not globally high enough to apply the CoP method to clinical cases in spite of its much less invasiveness.
A novel method to manage very large raster data on distributed key-value storage system (2011)

With the rapid development of information technologies and GIS techniques, raster data amount is growing on an unprecedented scale. Existing WebGIS based on local file systems and RDBMS cannot manage very large raster data efficiently because of limited storage capacity of single node. Although expensive storage devices are used to enlarge capacity, WebGIS is still vulnerable to suffer from single point of failure for its poor scalability. We propose a novel method to manage very large raster data, it has three characteristics. Firstly, raster data management system is built upon distributed key-value storage system instead of local file system and RDBMS, it has good scalability and high availability. Secondly, revised quadtree-based raster index is built in system to improve access efficiency. Thirdly, our prototype is transparent to WebGIS applications, and hence can integrate with existing applications seamlessly. The experimental results show that our method outperforms existing methods.
Review: Neural Mechanisms of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in Acute Drug-Induced Ototoxicity (2021)

Purpose Tinnitus and hyperacusis are debilitating conditions often associated with age-, noise-, and drug-induced hearing loss. Because of their subjective nature, the neural mechanisms that give rise to tinnitus and hyperacusis are poorly understood. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in deciphering the biological bases for these disorders using animal models. Method Important advances in understanding the biological bases of tinnitus and hyperacusis have come from studies in which tinnitus and hyperacusis are consistently induced with a high dose of salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin. Results Salicylate induced a transient hearing loss characterized by a reduction in otoacoustic emissions, a moderate cochlear threshold shift, and a large reduction in the neural output of the cochlea. As the weak cochlear neural signals were relayed up the auditory pathway, they were progressively amplified so that the suprathreshold neural responses in the auditory cortex were much larger than normal. Excessive central gain (neural amplification), presumably resulting from diminished inhibition, is believed to contribute to hyperacusis and tinnitus. Salicylate also increased corticosterone stress hormone levels. Functional imaging studies indicated that salicylate increased spontaneous activity and enhanced functional connectivity between structures in the central auditory pathway and regions of the brain associated with arousal (reticular formation), emotion (amygdala), memory/spatial navigation (hippocampus), motor planning (cerebellum), and motor control (caudate/putamen). Conclusion These results suggest that tinnitus and hyperacusis arise from aberrant neural signaling in a complex neural network that includes both auditory and nonauditory structures.
Formation of piezoelectricβ-phase crystallites in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graphene oxide nanocomposites under uniaxial tensions (2015)

A combination of chemical addition and mechanical deformation is employed to develop a nearly pure £] crystalline phase in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The mechanical strains for the formation of pure £] phase in PVDF-graphene oxide (PVDF-GO) nanocomposites are found to be only half of that for PVDF deformed at the same temperature. Based on the creep experiments, piezoelectric force microscopy and mechanical anelastic relaxation, it is shown that the attachments of PVDF molecule chains to the GO sheets caused by the interaction between the -CF2 or -CH2 groups of PVDF and the functional groups of GOs could facilitate the formation of piezoelectric £]-phase crystallites in the stretched nanocomposites. A model is proposed to elucidate the easy formation of the piezoelectric £] phase in the PVDF-GO nanocomposites under uniaxial tensions.
In Vitro Uptake of SCH 27899 (Evernimicin) by Rat Alveolar Macrophages (2001)

The in vitro uptake of [(14)C]evernimicin ([(14)C]SCH 27899) by primary cultures of rat alveolar macrophages and hepatocytes was determined. Both cell populations exhibited linear rates of uptake. However, the initial rate of drug uptake by alveolar macrophages was about threefold higher than that by hepatocytes. These findings demonstrate that [(14)C]evernimicin is taken up by rat alveolar macrophages, supporting the likelihood that the drug is able to reach sites of infection.
The perilipin‐2 (adipophilin) coat of cytosolic lipid droplets is regulated by an Arf1‐dependent mechanism in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells (2015)

The cytosolic lipid droplets (cLDs) store excess intracellular lipids, and perilipin-2 is believed to protect cLDs from degradation. Here, we investigated the role of the small G-protein Arf1 and the proteasome in the fates of perilipin-2 and cLDs. In oleate-loaded cells, upon brefeldin A (BFA) treatment, perilipin-2 remained associated with cLDs for at least 30 min before significant release, and proteasomal degradation-mediated decrease was observed. Interestingly, the cLD population did not mimic the decline in perilipin-2. We tested several chemical modulators of regulators of Arf1 activity on the association of perilipin-2 with cLDs. QS11 and Exo2 accelerated the reduction in perilipin-2, although less than BFA. In contrast, Exo1 unexpectedly slowed down its degradation. Correlatively, BFA, QS11, and Exo2 enhanced the dissociation of perilipin-2 from cLDs, whereas Exo1 inhibited it. There was a synergistic effect of BFA with Exo2 and QS11, and of Exo2 with QS11, whereas Exo1 antagonized the effect of BFA without affecting that of Exo2 or QS11. We concluded that the Arf1 complex regulates the association of perilipin-2 with cLDs. Additionally, MG132 and BFA modified the number of cLDs over a relatively short period.
Risk‐based breast cancer follow‐up stratified by age (2018)

Although personalization of cancer care is recommended, current follow-up after the curative treatment of breast cancer is consensus-based and not differentiated for base-line risk. Every patient receives annual follow-up for 5 years without taking into account the individual risk of recurrence. The aim of this study was to introduce personalized follow-up schemes by stratifying for age. Using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry of 37 230 patients with early breast cancer between 2003 and 2006, the risk of recurrence was determined for four age groups (<50, 50-59, 60-69, >70). Follow-up was modeled with a discrete-time partially observable Markov decision process. The decision to test for recurrences was made two times per year. Recurrences could be detected by mammography as well as by self-detection. For all age groups, it was optimal to have more intensive follow-up around the peak in recurrence risk in the second year after diagnosis. For the first age group (<50) with the highest risk, a slightly more intensive follow-up with one extra visit was proposed compared to the current guideline recommendation. The other age groups were recommended less visits: four for ages 50-59, three for 60-69, and three for ≥70. With this model for risk-based follow-up, clinicians can make informed decisions and focus resources on patients with higher risk, while avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful follow-up visits for women with very low risks. The model can easily be extended to take into account more risk factors and provide even more personalized follow-up schedules.
Opticien Célèbre. Pierre Bouguer (2017)

Mathématicien, physicien et hydrographe français, Bouguer est surtout connu pour être le fondateur de la photométrie. On lui doit également des contributions remarquables sur l’architecture navale, la forme du globe et la gravimétrie. Il participe à la longue expédition (1735-1744) mandatée par l’Académie Royale des Sciences au Pérou, afin de mesurer un arc de méridien au plus près de l’équateur. Scientifique honoré à son retour, il joue un rôle important au sein de l’Académie des Sciences jusqu’à sa mort.
Purification and characterization of DNA polymerase III from Bacillus subtilis. (1976)

DNA polymerase III from Bacillus subtilis has been purified about 4,500-fold. Disc gel electrophoresis of the purified fraction reveals a single major protein band which co-migrates with the polymerase activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the polymerase yields a single, 166,000 dalton band. The hydrodynamic properties of the enzyme are ionic strength-dependent. The average values from determinations in high and low salt are 7.6 S for the sedimentation coefficient and 52 A for the Stokes radius. These two parameters indicate a molecular weight for the native enzyme of 160,000. Therefore, the enzyme appears to contain a single, long, polypeptide chain. The enzyme has no endonuclease activity but does have single strand specific exonuclease activity. Hydrolysis is initiated exclusively from the 3' terminus yielding 5' mononucleotides, and a dinucleotide is the limit of digestion. The exonuclease activity has an ionic strength dependence of pH optimum similar to that of the polymerase but appears to be more fastidious in its divalent metal requirement. The mode of attack by the enzyme is strictly distributive. The activity of the exonuclease decreases markedly with increasing substrate size. Two opposing mechanisms account quantitatively for this effect--intrinsic competitive inhibition by interior substrate nucleotides and increasing accessibility of the substrate terminus to the enzyme with increasing chain length. The polymerase synthesizes DNA in the 5' leads to 3' direction and the apparent Km for each of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates is about 1 muM. The polymerase replicates RNA-primed, phiX174 DNA in the presence of Escherichia coli elongation Factors I and II. In contrast to polymerase III, B. subtilis DNA polymerase II has no detectable nuclease activity.
Euler++: Improved Selectivity Estimation for Rectangular Spatial Records (2019)

Selectivity estimation is one of the common research problems for big spatial data, where the objective is to quickly estimate the number of records in a given query range. Euler histogram has been used to answer the selectivity estimation queries for objects with extents such as rectangles in constant time. However, it is only accurate when the query range is aligned with the histogram grid lines. In this paper, we improve the Euler histogram to accurately answer arbitrary queries, i.e., even if they do not align with the histogram grid lines. The improved histogram, called Euler++, has the same space and time complexity as the regular Euler histogram and provides a better accuracy for objects with extents. We use both real and synthetic datasets for extensive experiments, and show that the proposed technique, Euler++, consistently outperforms the existing ones, while still providing answer in constant time.
Architecture of arachnoid trabeculae, pillars, and septa in the subarachnoid space of the human optic nerve: anatomy and clinical considerations (2003)

The subarachnoid space of the human optic nerve is not a homogeneous and anatomically empty chamber filled with cerebrospinal fluid, but it contains a complex system of arachnoid trabeculae and septa that divide the subarachnoid space. The trabeculae, septa, and pillars, as well as their arrangement described in this study, may have a role in the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics between the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve and the chiasmal cistern and may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of asymmetric and unilateral papilloedema. All the structures described are of such delicate character that they can not even be visualised with high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
A novel in silico phantom for microstructure, tractography and quantitative connectivity estimation (2021)

In this work, we propose a novel phantom obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations of spins dynamics to improve testing and validation of DW-MRI quantitative structural connectivity. The DiSCo (Diffusion-Simulated Connectivity) phantom is composed of 16 regions of interest placed on a sphere of 1 millimeter in diameter, interconnected by 12,196 axon-like tubular fibers ranging from 1.4um to 4.2um in diameter. Its associated connectivity matrix is weighted by their cross-sectional areas. This in silico phantom, with both microscopic and macroscopic complexity, aims at improving the development and the validation of white matter connectivity estimation methods.
Fuzzy Clustering in Medicine: Applications to Electrophysiological Signal Processing (2002)

The essence of modern medicine is a continuous process of decision-making based on the intelligent evaluation of voluminous yet often inconclusive data gathered from patients. In many clinical setups such as intensive care units and epilepsy care units, monitored patients produce a vast amount of biomedical data from online continuous recordings of ECG, EEG, blood pressure, temperature, etc., as well as from X-ray, CT and MRI imaging. In the current state of affairs, there are objective difficulties in processing and interpreting all this data with the aim of extracting the relevant information.
Environmental effects of information telecommunication networks in Japan (2003)

We have undertaken an evaluation of the environmental impact of fixed-line telephone networks in Japan. We chose the life cycle assessment (LCA) method for this evaluation because it can assess the environmental burden quantitatively. Prior to the evaluation, we developed a telecommunication network model including end-user terminals, access facilities, end-offices, repeater stations and transmission facilities. The model for these facilities represents typical networks in the Tokyo metropolitan area. We have evaluated the environmental burden imposed by more than 50 pieces of equipment using life cycle inventory analysis. We found that throughout the entire life cycle, the CO/sub 2/ emissions emanating from fixed-line telephone networks during the use stage accounted for about 77% of the total. The emissions from customers' equipment were particularly heavy. We also estimated the potential recovery available by recycling equipment and facilities and the effect was a reduction of about 6% in CO/sub 2/ emissions.
Identification of time varying systems (1992)

An algorithm that uses an optimal control theoretic approach to identifying time varying systems is presented. The hybrid cost function used by this algorithm removes many of the limitation associated with identification methods based on the familiar error based cost function. This results in improved parameter tracking of a wide variety of systems. Of particular interest is identification of systems and their adaptation mechanisms observed in man-machine applications.
Translating cell survival and cell longevity into treatment strategies with SIRT1. (2011)

The sirtuin SIRT1, a class III NAD(+)-dependent protein histone deacetylase, is present throughout the body that involves cells of the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system. SIRT1 has broad biological effects that affect cellular metabolism as well as cellular survival and longevity that can impact both acute and chronic disease processes that involve neurodegenerative disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Given the intricate relationship SIRT1 holds with a host of signal transduction pathways ranging from transcription factors, such as forkhead, to cytokines and growth factors, such as erythropoietin, it becomes critical to elucidate the cellular pathways of SIRT1 to safely and effectively develop and translate novel avenues of treatment for multiple disease entities.
Regulation Of Gastric Acid Secretion In Situ By An Endogenous Activator Protein: Studies With Activator-Specific Antibody (2013)

Monospecific polyclonal antibody was raised against a homogenous preparation of endogenous activator protein (HAF) for the gastric H+,K+-ATPase system. Antibody was used to assess the regulatory role of the HAF in gastric acid secretion by isolated rabbit glands in situ. Immunohistochemical studies revealed aredistribution of theHAFtowards discrete intracellular zones following stimulation of the glands with histamine. The antibody, when inserted into the stimulated gastric glands by digitonin permeabilization, could effectively block the acid forming ability of the cells. The data offers, for the first time, some concrete in situ evidence for the role of the HAF as an intracellular regulator of gastric H+ transport .