gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Boron on Rhizobium-Legume Cell-Surface Interactions and Nodule Development (1996)

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the development of nitrogen-fixing root nodules in pea (Pisum sativum). By using monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific glycoconjugate components implicated in legume root-nodule development, we investigated the effects of low B on the formation of infection threads and the colonization of pea nodules by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae. In B-deficient nodules the proportion of infected host cells was much lower than in nodules from plants supplied with normal quantities of B. Moreover, the host cells often developed enlarged and abnormally shaped infection threads that frequently burst, releasing bacteria into damaged host cells. There was also an over-production of plant matrix material in which the rhizobial cells were embedded during their progression through the infection thread. Furthermore, in a series of in vitro binding studies, we demonstrated that the presence of B can change the affinity with which the bacterial cell surface interacts with the peribacteroid membrane glycocalyx relative to its interaction with intercellular plant matrix glycoprotein. From these observations we suggest that B plays an important role in mediating cell-surface interactions that lead to endocytosis of rhizobia by host cells and hence to the correct establishment of the symbiosis between pea and Rhizobium.
Validation of a simple risk stratification tool for COVID-19 mortality (2022)

Risk prediction is an essential part of clinical care, in order to allocate resources and provide care appropriately. During the COVID-19 pandemic risk prediction became a matter of political and public debate as a major clinical need to guide medical and organizational decisions. We previously presented a simplified risk stratification score based on a nomogram developed in Wuhan, China in the early phase of the pandemic. Here we aimed to validate this simplified risk stratification score in a larger patient cohort from one city in Austria. Age, oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein levels and creatinine levels were used to estimate the in-hospital mortality risk for COVID-19 patients in a point based score: 1 point per age decade, 4 points for oxygen saturation <92%, 8 points for CRP > 10 mg/l and 4 points for creatinine > 84 μmol/l. Between June 2020 and March 2021, during the "second wave" of the pandemic, 1,472 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to two hospitals in Graz, Austria. In 961 patients the necessary dataset to calculate the simplified risk stratification score was available. In this cohort, as in the cohort that was used to develop the score, a score above 22 was associated with a significantly higher mortality (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cox regression confirmed that an increase of one point in the risk stratification score increases the 28-day-mortality risk approximately 1.2-fold. Patients who were categorized as high risk (≥22 points) showed a 3-4 fold increased mortality risk. Our simplified risk stratification score performed well in a separate, larger validation cohort. We therefore propose that our risk stratification score, that contains only two routine laboratory parameter, age and oxygen saturation as variables can be a useful and easy to implement tool for COVID-19 risk stratification and beyond. The clinical usefulness of a risk prediction/stratification tool needs to be assessed prospectively (https://www.cbmed.at/covid-19-risk-calculator/).
Current use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in urology (2015)

The causes of male erectile dysfunction (ED) are quite variable and are now commonly divided into etiologies such as ischemia, smooth muscle damage, or altered blood flow. Although varying rates of ED have been reported in literature, the number of men with ED is projected to increase worldwide by 2025 to approximately 322 million. Since the introduction of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of ED because PDE5 inhibitors address a broad spectrum of etiologies for ED. Today, the American Urological Association recommends the use of three PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil) as a first-line therapy for the treatment of ED. This review evaluates the pharmacological mechanism of PDE5 inhibitors along with the impact and use of sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, and avanafil. By increasing intracellular cGMP levels, PDE5 inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of ED. Through their effects on other cellular signaling pathways, PDE5 inhibitors have the potential for treating other urologic conditions as well. The use of PDE5 inhibitors can also be combined to produce a synergistic effect in conditions such as male hypogonadism and benign prostatic hyperplasia in addition to ED.
Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer (2018)

Inflammasomes are large intracellular multi-protein signalling complexes that are formed in the cytosolic compartment as an inflammatory immune response to endogenous danger signals. The formation of the inflammasome enables activation of an inflammatory protease caspase-1, pyroptosis initiation with the subsequent cleaving of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and proIL-18 to produce active forms. The inflammasome complex consists of a Nod-like receptor (NLR), the adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like (ASC) protein, and Caspase-1. Dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved tumor pathogenesis, although its role in cancer development and progression remains controversial due to the inconsistent findings described. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome on potential cancer promotion and therapy.
Mismatch of lateral field metal-oxide-metal capacitors in 180 nm CMOS process (2012)

Metal-oxide-metal (MOM) capacitors represent an attractive alternative to metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors in mixed-signal integrated circuits. Since they are made of metal lines, they can be integrated in standard CMOS processes, and tailored over a wide range of sizes. Mismatch data of MOM capacitors, however, is scarce and typically conservative. Presented is the design and the test results of a custom ADC that employs an array of 1024 MOM capacitors sized at 2 fF. Static performance metrics are presented and compared with those for an ADC based on MIM capacitors. Mismatch data is computed from the results.
Using reconfigurable computing techniques to accelerate problems in the CAD domain (1998)

The Boolean satisfiability problem lies at the core of several CAD applications, including automatic test pattern generation and logic synthesis. This paper describes and evaluates an approach for accelerating Boolean satisfiability using configurable hardware. Our approach harnesses the increasing speed and capacity of field-programmable gate arrays by tailoring the SAT-solver circuit to the particular formula being solved. This input-specific technique gets high performance due both to (i) a direct mapping of Boolean operations to logic gates, and (ii) large amounts of fine-grain parallelism in the implication processing. Overall, these strategies yields impressive speedups (>200X in many cases) compared to current software approaches, and they require only modest amounts of hardware. In a broader sense, this paper alerts the hardware design community to the increasing importance of input-specific designs, and documents their promise via a quantitative study of input-specific SAT solving.
Resonant beam pressure sensor fabricated with silicon fusion bonding (2002)

A resonant pressure sensor has been fabricated which consists of a single-crystal silicon beam located in the center of a single-crystal silicon diaphragm. The beam is excited electrostatically and its motion are detected by piezoresistors. The structure is fabricated with silicon fusion bonding. Overall measurement accuracies of 0.01% have been achieved. This sensor has been designed to meet the exacting standards required for aerospace air data computers and engine control applications where achievable accuracies of 0.1% absolute pressure are required. The principle of operation is imply to measure the change in resonant frequency of a micromachined silicon beam as the pressure exerted on the sensor's diaphragm is changed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Weighted RAIM for Precision Approach (1995)

The use of differential GPS is becoming
increasingly popular for real-time navigation systems. As
these systems migrate to safety-of-life applications (e.g.
precision approach and landing), their integrity becomes
more important than their accuracy. One method for
increasing both accuracy and integrity is the use of
weighting in the navigation solution. This method uses a
priori information to weight certain satellites (e.g. those
at higher elevation) over other satellites. The accuracy
increases because we better use the information available.
The integrity increases because satellites that are more
likely to introduce error contribute less to the solution.
A weighted position solution by itself does not
provide sufficient integrity to support precision approach.
However, this method can be combined with a weighted
form of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
(RAIM) to increase the level of integrity. RAIM uses
redundant measurements to check the consistency of an
overdetermined solution. This check is crucial because
only a user can detect certain error types (e.g. severe
airframe multipath or local interference). A differential
reference station can detect many types of errors.
However, it is only at the user where all the information
is combined. The use of RAIM (or some form of
integrity at the user) must be combined together with
integrity checking at the reference station to provide the
overall safety of the system.
Weighted RAIM is investigated for application to
Category I precision approach as supported by a Wide
Area Augmentation System (WAAS). This paper details
how to implement weighted RAIM and how to use
geometry selection to guarantee a certain level of
protection. Also, we provide information on the
availability of these geometries. The results are based
upon analysis, Monte Carlo simulation and actual data
collected from Stanford University’s wide-area differential
GPS network.
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) constitutes a nucleoprotein component of extracellular inflammatory exosomes (2015)

Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been identified as a telomere-associated regulator of chromosome end protection. Here, we report that TERRA can also be found in extracellular fractions that stimulate innate immune signaling. We identified extracellular forms of TERRA in mouse tumor and embryonic brain tissue, as well as in human tissue culture cell lines using RNA in situ hybridization. RNA-seq analyses revealed TERRA to be among the most highly represented transcripts in extracellular fractions derived from both normal and cancer patient blood plasma. Cell-free TERRA (cfTERRA) could be isolated from the exosome fractions derived from human lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) culture media. cfTERRA is a shorter form (∼200 nt) of cellular TERRA and copurifies with CD63- and CD83-positive exosome vesicles that could be visualized by cyro-electron microscopy. These fractions were also enriched for histone proteins that physically associate with TERRA in extracellular ChIP assays. Incubation of cfTERRA-containing exosomes with peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated transcription of several inflammatory cytokine genes, including TNFα, IL6, and C-X-C chemokine 10 (CXCL10) Exosomes engineered with elevated TERRA or liposomes with synthetic TERRA further stimulated inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that exosome-associated TERRA augments innate immune signaling. These findings imply a previously unidentified extrinsic function for TERRA and a mechanism of communication between telomeres and innate immune signals in tissue and tumor microenvironments.
Ultrasonographic subepidermal low‐echogenic band, dependence of age and body site (2004)

These results indicate that the age-related increase in SLEB grade at highly sun-exposed body sites might be attributed to UVR exposure. The presence of SLEB in both the young and at the sun-protected buttock points to a multifactorial etiology, where anatomical differences may play an important role as well as water content. SLEB might not be a very sensitive and specific marker of photoaging.
Structure of the Gene Coding for the Human Retinoic Acid-Inducible Factor, MK (1993)

The retinoic acid-inducible MK gene shows a distinct developmental pattern of expression, which implies that it has potential growth regulation and differentiation functions, particularly in the brain. We report here the cloning of the human MK gene from a phage library constructed from placental tissue. The structure of this gene has been determined using Southern hybridization and DNA sequence analysis. An isolated fragment was cloned and found to contain sequences identical to those of a previously isolated human MK cDNA clone, MKHC4. The gene contains three introns within the MK coding region as well as additional sequence, which indicates the presence of an intron prior to the putative protein start site. As judged by sequence analysis of cDNA clones, primer extension studies, and Northern analysis, the most abundant human MK message corresponds to the major mRNA of the previously described mouse gene. Primer extension studies and cDNA sequence data suggest that minor messages may be transcribed from the human gene, but no evidence of additional messages has been found by Northern analysis. This is in contrast to the mouse MK gene, from which three mRNAs are transcribed. Nevertheless, the similarity in the overall genomic structure of the human and mouse genes is striking.
An automatic application signature construction system for unknown traffic (2010)

Abstract Identifying applications and classifying network traffic flows according to their source applications are critical for a broad range of network activities. Such a decision can be based on packet header fields, packet payload content, statistical characteristics of traffic and communication patterns of network hosts. However, most present techniques rely on some sort of a priori knowledge, which means they require labor‐intensive preprocessing before running and cannot deal with previously unknown applications. In this paper, we propose a traffic classification system based on application signatures, with a novel approach to fully automate the process of deriving signatures from unidentified traffic. The key idea is to integrate statistics‐based flow clustering with payload‐based signature matching method, so as to eliminate the requirement of pre‐labeled training data sets. We evaluate the efficiency of our approach using real‐world traffic trace, and the results indicate that signature classifiers built from clustered data and pre‐labeled data are able to achieve similar high accuracy better than 99%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Safety Design under the Perspective of Ergonomics in Consumer Products (2011)

Workers in the healthcare industry who perform physically demanding patient handling tasks as part of their jobs, such as nurses, nurses' aides, physical therapists, and healthcare technicians, are at high risk for development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). These workers are exposed to significant risk factors for MSDs when lifting and moving heavy patients and equipment, pushing and pulling heavy equipment, working in extreme postures, and standing for long periods of time without adequate rest periods. When the physical demands of the job exceed the capabilities of the worker, the worker is at increased risk of developing an MSD, such as back pain. Moreover, the risk of developing a work-related MSD is even greater when the worker is exposed to more than one risk factor at the same time (NIOSH 1997; National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2001).
Characterization and application of shape-changing panels with embedded rubber muscle actuators (2013)

Cylindrical soft actuators efficiently convert fluid pressure into mechanical energy and thus offer excellent force-to-weight ratios while behaving similar to biological muscle. McKibben-like rubber muscle actuators (RMAs) were embedded into neat elastomer and act as shape-changing panels. The effect of actuator spacing and modeling methods on the performance of these panels was investigated. Simulations from nonlinear finite element models were compared with results from test panels containing four RMAs that were spaced 0, 1/2, 1, and 1.3 RMA diameters apart.
DNA Repair Pathways and their Therapeutic Potential in Lung Cancer (2014)

SUMMARY: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. According to WHO, 1.37 million deaths occur globally each year as a result of this disease. More than 70% of these cases are associated with prior tobacco consumption and/or cigarette smoking, suggesting a direct causal relationship. The development and progression of lung cancer and other malignancies involves the loss of genetic stability, resulting in acquisition of cumulative genetic changes; this affords the cell increased malignant potential. As such, an understanding of the mechanisms through which these events may occur will potentially allow for development of new anticancer therapies. This review will address the association between lung cancer and genetic instability, with a central focus on genetic mutations in the DNA damage repair pathways. In addition, we will discuss the potential clinical exploitation of these pathways, both in terms of biomarker staging, as well as through direct therapeutic targeting.
Protein solubility characteristics of an ultrafiltered full-fat soybean product (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein solubility characteristics of an ultrafiltered full-fat soybean productCarol L. Lah and Munir CheryanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 5, 911–916Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60231a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60231a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Specific Interactions in Supercritical Fluid Solutions (1992)

The addition of a small amount of a second component, a cosolvent, to a supercritical fluid can alter phase equilibria dramatically, giving engineers the capability to fine tune the properties of the solvent over a wide range. However, this ability remains largely unexploited in engineering applications due in part to the scarcity of experimental data and lack of accurate models. We have developed a new chromatographic technique to measure these cosolvent effects rapidly. This approach was verified by comparison to literature data obtained by other methods. With this technique, cosolvent effects can be measured in a variety of systems leading to a better understanding of the special intermolecular interactions that occur in supercritical fluid solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: ENHANCED DIFFUSION OF IMPLANTED ARSENIC AND BORON IN SILICON BY LOW‐TEMPERATURE HEAT‐TREATMENT (1980)

Abstract Durch Tempern zwischen 600 und 900°C ändern sich die elektrischen Parameter von Hochfrequenztransistoren mit As‐Emitter und B‐Basis, die durch Implantation hergestellt wurden, signifikant.
Package of nutrients application for ravinous land of bundelkhand on watershed basis. (2012)

The study on nutrients requirement for degraded ravinous land was carried out during three consecutive years in pilot area of Model Watershed Jalaun, Bundelkhand, U.P. The main objective of this study was to workout the nutrients requirement of different crops on the basis of watershed technology. The different varieties of gram gave maximum yield at 20 kg N+60 kg P 2 O 5 / ha. Similarly, the different varieties of field pea’s and cv.K75 of lentil also yielded highest grains at 20 kg N+60 kg P 2 O 5 / ha. Cultivar T 21 and UPAS 120 of arhar gave maximum yields at 60 kg P 2 O 5 /ha in association of recommended dose of nitrogen. Application of 60 kg P 2 O 5 / ha in association of recommended dose of nitrogen gave highest grain yield of urd by 10.43 q/ha. Gram, field pea’s and wheat raised after soybean responded up to use of 25 kg N/ha, 25 kg N/ha and 160 kg N/ha, respectively. The different varieties of soybean gave maximum yield at 20 kg N+80 kg P 2 O 5 + 40 kg K 2 O/ha. Likewise, the different varieties of mustard gave maximum yield at 150 kg N/ha as compared to lower doses of nitrogen. Mustard gave maximum yield by 33.80 q /ha with the use of 40 kg S/ ha in conjunction of 80 kg N + 40 kg P 2 O 5 + 40 kg K 2 0 /ha. Varsha variety of jowar yielded maximum grains at 80 kg N/ha on the both class of land i.e,. II and III under rainfed situation. The direct seeded rice gave maximum yield of 29.50 q/ha at 80 kg N/ha in the catchments area of nala bund. Application of 50 per cent nitrogen through F.Y.M. in association of 50 per cent nitrogen through urea provided higher yields of sugarcane, urd and mustard over the 100 per cent recommended dose of N through both urea and F.Y.M. Therefore, on the basis of above results, farmers may be advocated for application of 25 to 35 per cent more nutrients especially NPK over their recommended doses for reaping the better yield from the reclaimed ravionous land.