gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Control Technique for a Switched-Capacitor-Converter-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System (2009)

This paper presents the analysis and novel controller design for a hybrid switched-capacitor bidirectional dc/dc converter. Features of voltage step-down, step-up, and bidirectional power flow are integrated into a single circuit. The novel control strategy enables simpler dynamics compared to a standard buck converter with an input filter, good regulation capability, low electromagnetic interference, lower source current ripple, ease of control, and continuous input current waveform in both modes of operation (buck and boost modes).
Validation of a dual-cycle ergometer for exercise during 100 percent oxygen prebreathing (1992)

A study has been designed to determine if exercise, while prebreathing 100 percent oxygen prior to decompression, can reduce the current resting-prebreathe time requirements for extravehicular activity and high altitude reconnaissance flight. For that study, a suitable exercise mode was required. Design considerations included space limitations, cost, pressure suit compatibility, ease and maintenance of calibration, accuracy of work output, and assurance that no significant mechanical advantage or disadvantage would be introduced into the system. In addition, the exercise device must enhance denitrogenation by incorporation of both upper and lower body musculature at high levels of oxygen consumption. The purpose of this paper is to describe the specially constructed, dual-cycle ergometer developed for simultaneous arm and leg exercise during prebreathing, and to compare maximal oxygen uptake obtained on the device to that obtained during leg-only cycle ergometry and treadmill testing. Results demonstrate the suitability of the dual-cycle ergometer as an appropriate tool for exercise research during 100 percent oxygen prebreathing.
The Technical Challenges of using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy to Study Hall Thruster Channel Erosion (2011)

We present the initial results from a cavity ring-down sensor for measuring the density of sputtered boron atoms originating from the discharge channel of a 6-kW Hall thruster. The sensor traps 250 nm light in a high-finesse cavity to greatly increase its sensitivity to boron atoms. Measurements were obtained with the thruster operating at seven conditions spanning discharge voltages from 150 to 600 V, and anode mass flow rates from 10 to 30 mg/s. Power level at these operating conditions ranged from 1.5 to 10 kW. Boron density was found to vary from <1×10 14 to ~1×10 15 m -3 with the higher density measurements being found near the two channel walls. We apply a simple two-dimensional velocity model to obtain boron flux. The boron flux is then correlated to the boron nitride sputter rate, which is found to vary from 4×10 -4 to 6×10 -3 mm 3 /s. This paper then goes on to describe a number of technical challenges encountered in the course of developing the sensor. These challenges include cavity alignment maintenance in the presence of mechanical vibration and mirror degradation. The paper presents the solutions used during this experiment to address the said challenges as well as suggests more permanent solutions for future research. The experiment presented in this paper clearly demonstrates the potential for the use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to study the problem of Hall thruster channel wall erosion, as well as provide a roadmap for future research in this area.
Neuropeptide Y binding and inhibition of cAMP accumulation in human neuroepithelioma cells (1990)

The specific binding of 125I-labeled neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the biological response to NPY receptor activation were measured in cultured human neuroepithelioma (SK-N-MC) cells. A single class of high-affinity binding sites [dissociation constant (KD) = 0.2 nM] was characterized both by equilibrium binding of 125I-NPY concentrations less than 1 nM and kinetically by the initial rates of 125I-NPY association and dissociation. Specific 125I-NPY binding was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by inclusion of guanine nucleotides in the incubation medium. The existence of multiple affinity states or NPY receptor subtypes was suggested by 1) a Hill coefficient of less than 1.0 obtained when analyzing equilibrium binding with 125I-NPY concentrations greater than 1 nM, 2) biphasic dissociation of 125I-NPY, 3) an increase in the component of rapid dissociation and decrease in the component of slow dissociation when guanine nucleotides were present during dissociation of 125I-NPY, and 4) displacement of 125I-NPY by unlabeled peptide with a slope factor of 0.6. Exposure of intact cells to NPY caused a concentration-dependent pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation [50% effective concentration (EC50) = 0.4 nM]. In contrast, NPY had no effect on cellular inositol phosphate content or protein kinase C activation. These results demonstrate that NPY binds specifically to a G protein-linked receptor that inhibits adenylate cyclase in SK-N-MC cells.
P‐243L: Late‐News Poster : A 480‐Output TFT‐LCD Source Driver IC for COG Applications (2008)

Abstract A 480‐output TFT‐LCD source driver IC for a COG (Chip On Glass) application is presented. To reduce the cost of the TFT‐LCD module, COG technology is being adopted for the portable display devices. To achieve the high data rate transfer on the COG‐type TFT‐LCD module, an ACDS (Advanced Current‐mode Differential Signaling) interface is proposed. The offset compensating algorithm is adopted to alleviate the block dim phenomenon due to the offset of internal gamma buffers. The driver IC was fabricated in 0.35um high voltage CMOS technology process and evaluated with 13.3‐inch diagonal wide XGA (1280RGB×800) TFT‐LCD module of which cost was reduced significantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of 2,6‐Dialkyl‐3,5‐dialkoxycarbonyl‐4‐ (3‐aryl‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridines Using TPAP/NMO as a Catalyst under Mild Conditions. (2011)

Abstract The reaction is not sensitive to the electronic and sterical effects of the substituents on the pyrazolyl rings and affords the products with excellent yields.Substrate (V) with the substituent bearing a methylthio‐group is oxidized to yield the methylsulfonyl pyridine derivative (IVb).
Standardized Assessment of Automatic Segmentation of White Matter Hyperintensities and Results of the WMH Segmentation Challenge (2019)

Quantification of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin is of key importance in many neurological research studies. Currently, measurements are often still obtained from manual segmentations on brain MR images, which is a laborious procedure. The automatic WMH segmentation methods exist, but a standardized comparison of the performance of such methods is lacking. We organized a scientific challenge, in which developers could evaluate their methods on a standardized multi-center/-scanner image dataset, giving an objective comparison: the WMH Segmentation Challenge. Sixty T1 + FLAIR images from three MR scanners were released with the manual WMH segmentations for training. A test set of 110 images from five MR scanners was used for evaluation. The segmentation methods had to be containerized and submitted to the challenge organizers. Five evaluation metrics were used to rank the methods: 1) Dice similarity coefficient; 2) modified Hausdorff distance (95th percentile); 3) absolute log-transformed volume difference; 4) sensitivity for detecting individual lesions; and 5) F1-score for individual lesions. In addition, the methods were ranked on their inter-scanner robustness; 20 participants submitted their methods for evaluation. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the results. In brief, there is a cluster of four methods that rank significantly better than the other methods, with one clear winner. The inter-scanner robustness ranking shows that not all the methods generalize to unseen scanners. The challenge remains open for future submissions and provides a public platform for method evaluation.
Optimization of inertial micropower Generators for human walking motion (2006)

Micropower generators, which have applications in distributed sensing, have previously been classified into architectures and analyzed for sinusoidal driving motions. However, under many practical operating conditions, the driving motion will not be sinusoidal. In this paper, we present a comparison of the simulated performance of optimized configurations of the different architectures using measured acceleration data from walking motion gathered from human subjects. The sensitivity of generator performance to variations in generator parameters is investigated, with a 20% change in generator parameters causing between a 3% and 80% drop in generator power output, depending upon generator architecture and operating condition. Based on the results of this investigation, microgenerator design guidelines are provided. The Coulomb-force parametric generator is the recommended architecture for generators with internal displacement amplitude limits of less than /spl sim/0.5 mm and the velocity-damped resonant generator is the recommended architecture when the internal displacement amplitude can exceed /spl sim/0.5 mm, depending upon the exact operating conditions. Maximum power densities for human powered motion vary between 8.7 and 2100 /spl mu/W/cm/sup 3/, depending upon generator size and the location of the body on which it is mounted.
Radiochemical Analysis by High Sensitivity Dual-Optic Micro X-ray Fluorescence (2004)

A novel dual-optic micro X-ray fluorescence instrument will be developed to do radiochemical analysis of high-level radioactive wastes at DOE sites such as Savannah River Site and Hanford. This concept incorporates new X-ray optical elements such as monolithic polycapillaries, which focus X-rays. The polycapillary optic can be used to focus X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube thereby increasing the X-ray flux on the sample over 1000 times. The polycapillary optic will also be used to collect the X-rays from the excitation site. This will effectively screen the radiation background from the radioactive species in the specimen. This dual-optic approach significantly reduces the background and increases the analyte signal thereby increasing the sensitivity of the analysis. This dual-capillary design is essentially a confocal (having the same foci) design, i.e. the detected X-rays are only emitted from the overlap of the two focal spots. This increases spatial resolution and reduces background. The integration of the X-ray optics increases the signal-to-noise and thereby increases the sensitivity of the analysis for low-level analytes. This work will address a key need for radiochemical analysis of high-level waste using a non-destructive, multi-element, and rapid method in a radiation environment. There is significant potential that this instrumentation could be capable of on-line analysis for process waste stream characterization at DOE sites.
Assay-Dependent Inverse Agonism at the A3 Adenosine Receptor: When Neutral Is Not Neutral (2023)

The A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor (A<sub>3</sub>AR) is implicated in a variety of (patho)physiological conditions. While most research has focused on agonists and antagonists, inverse agonism at A<sub>3</sub>AR has been scarcely studied. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring inverse agonism, using two previously engineered cell lines (hA<sub>3</sub>ARLgBiT-SmBiTβarr2 and hA<sub>3</sub>ARLgBiT-SmBiTminiGα<sub>i</sub>), both employing the NanoBiT technology. The previously established inverse agonist PSB-10 showed a decrease in basal signal in the β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) but not the miniGα<sub>i</sub> recruitment assay, indicative of inverse agonism in the former assay. Control experiments confirmed the specificity and reversibility of this observation. Evaluation of a set of presumed neutral antagonists (MRS7907, MRS7799, XAC, and MRS1220) revealed that all displayed concentration-dependent signal decreases when tested in the A<sub>3</sub>AR-βarr2 recruitment assay, yielding EC<sub>50</sub> and <i>E</i><sub>max</sub> values for inverse agonism. Conversely, in the miniGα<sub>i</sub> recruitment assay, no signal decreases were observed. To assess whether this observation was caused by the inability of the ligands to induce inverse agonism in the G protein pathway, or rather by a limitation inherent to the employed A<sub>3</sub>AR-miniGα<sub>i</sub> recruitment assay, a GloSensor cAMP assay was performed. The outcome of the latter also suggests inverse agonism by the presumed neutral antagonists in this latter assay. These findings emphasize the importance of prior characterization of ligands in the relevant test system. Moreover, it showed the suitability of the NanoBiT βarr2 recruitment and the GloSensor cAMP assays to capture inverse agonism at the A<sub>3</sub>AR, as opposed to the NanoBiT miniGα<sub>i</sub> recruitment assay.
ATIM-22. ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY USING LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED αβ T-CELLS IMPROVES TEMOZOLOMIDE-INDUCED LYMPHOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA (2017)

Primary and metastatic malignant brain tumors are intractable cancers for which there are limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis, and new therapeutic strategies need to be continuously developed. Many new approaches are currently being investigated for treating malignant brain tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), among which immunotherapy is very promising and attractive. In this clinical study, we investigated the safety and clinical usefulness of systemic adoptive immunotherapy using autologous lymphokine-activated αβ T-cells (αβ T-cells), combined with standard therapies, in patients with malignant brain tumors. Twenty-three patients with different malignant brain tumors, consisting of 14 treated with temozolomide (TMZ group) and nine treated without temozolomide (non-TMZ group), received systemic intravenous injections of αβ T-cells (mean=10.4 injections/patient for the TMZ group, and 4.78 for the non-TMZ group). No significant adverse effects associated with the αβ T-cell injection were observed, and the total lymphocyte count (TLC) improved significantly in the TMZ group after five injections. Furthermore, CD8-positive or T-cell receptor V gamma -positive cells were increased with TLC in three patients with GBM. These findings suggest that systemic αβ T-cell immunotherapy is well tolerated, and may help restore an impaired and imbalanced T-cell immune status, and temozolomide and/or radiotherapy-induced lymphopenia.
San Antonio 2001 Technical Program: some highlights (2002)

The 2001 SEG Annual Meeting expected an attendance greater than 10 000 with more than 1200 booths from more than 300 companies. The technical program included 60 sessions with more than 550 oral and poster presentations. The initial atmosphere at the convention was upbeat and positive with booth demonstrations very well attended. However, after the tragic events of the morning of September 11, there was an understandable shift in priorities and focus away from convention activities and events.
Graphitic Carbon Nitrides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

The present chapter is devoted to the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphitic carbon nitrides in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an organic semiconducting polymeric material that is analogous in structure to the two-dimensional sp2-hybridized graphene sheets. It is a metal-free polymer with a tunable bandgap of 1.8–2.7 eV. This makes it possible to absorb light in the visible spectrum of 460–698 nm thus converting 13 to 49% of solar energy to useful electrical energy. In PSCs, g-C3N4 acts as a photocatalyst embedded in the light-absorbing layer of the solar cell. Hence, g-C3N4 helps in improving the efficiency of PSCs by assisting in the charge absorption and generation at the light-absorbing layer. Due to their high photoabsorption and photoresponsiveness, semiconducting properties, high stability under physiological conditions, and good biocompatibility, graphitic carbon nitrides have won tremendous attention among researchers recently. Incorporation of g-C3N4 in perovskite absorber layers improves its crystallinity and passivates defects leading to reduced charge carrier recombination which ultimately results in higher power conversion efficiency of PSCs.
Long-term adaptive evolution of genomically recoded Escherichia coli (2017)

Abstract Efforts are underway to construct several recoded genomes anticipated to exhibit multi-virus resistance, enhanced non-standard amino acid (NSAA) incorporation, and capability for synthetic biocontainment. Though we succeeded in pioneering the first genomically recoded organism ( Escherichia coli strain C321.ΔA), its fitness is far lower than that of its non-recoded ancestor, particularly in defined media. This fitness deficit severely limits its utility for NSAA-linked applications requiring defined media such as live cell imaging, metabolic engineering, and industrial-scale protein production. Here, we report adaptive evolution of C321.ΔA for more than 1,000 generations in independent replicate populations grown in glucose minimal media. Evolved recoded populations significantly exceed the growth rates of both the ancestral C321.ΔA and non-recoded strains, permitting use of the recoded chassis in several new contexts. We use next-generation sequencing to identify genes mutated in multiple independent populations, and we reconstruct individual alleles in ancestral strains via multiplex automatable genome engineering (MAGE) to quantify their effects on fitness. Several selective mutations occur only in recoded evolved populations, some of which are associated with altering the translation apparatus in response to recoding, whereas others are not apparently associated with recoding, but instead correct for off-target mutations that occurred during initial genome engineering. This report demonstrates that laboratory evolution can be applied after engineering of recoded genomes to streamline fitness recovery compared to application of additional targeted engineering strategies that may introduce further unintended mutations. In doing so, we provide the most comprehensive insight to date into the physiology of the commonly used C321.ΔA strain. Significance Statement After demonstrating construction of an organism with an altered genetic code, we sought to evolve this organism for many generations to improve its fitness and learn what unique changes natural selection would bestow upon it. Although this organism initially had impaired fitness, we observed that adaptive laboratory evolution resulted in several selective mutations that corrected for insufficient translation termination and for unintended mutations that occurred when originally altering the genetic code. This work further bolsters our understanding of the pliability of the genetic code, it will help guide ongoing and future efforts seeking to recode genomes, and it results in a useful strain for non-standard amino acid incorporation in numerous contexts relevant for research and industry.
Agent problem solving by inductive and deductive program synthesis (2008)

How do people learn abstract concepts unsupervised? Psychologists broadly recognize two types of concepts, declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge: know-what and know-how. While much work has focused on unsupervised learning of declarative concepts as clusters of features, there is much less clarity on the representation for procedural concepts and the methods for learning them. In this thesis, I claim that programs are a good representation for procedural knowledge, and that program synthesis is a promising mechanism for procedural learning. Prior attempts at AI program synthesis have taken a purely deductive approach to building provably torrent programs. This approach requires many axioms and non-trivial interaction with a human programmer. In contrast, this thesis introduces a new approach called SSGP (Sample Solve Generalize Prove), which combines inductive and deductive synthesis to autonomously synthesize programs with no extra knowledge outside of the program specification. The approach is to generate examples, solve the examples, generalize from the solutions, and then prove the generalization correct. 
This thesis presents two systems, Spec2Action and HELPS. Given a logical specification, Spec2Action determines the relations to change to perform simple operations on data structures. The main part of its task is to uncover the recursive structure of the domain from the purely logical input spec. HELPS generates sequential programs with loops and branches using STRIPS actions as the primitive statements. It solves generalizations of classic AI tasks like BlocksWorld. The two systems use SAT solving and other grounded reasoning techniques to solve the examples and generalize the solutions. To prove the abstracted hypotheses, the systems use a novel theorem prover for doing recursive proofs without an explicit induction axiom. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Dismantling the Status Quo: Venetoclax in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2022)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and remains a clinically challenging disease entity, particularly in the relapsed setting where outcomes are poor. However, recent innovations in targeted therapeutics have expanded treatment options and demonstrate significant efficacy even in relapsed disease. MCL frequently harbours aberrations of apoptosis pathways including over-expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Such aberrancy promotes and sustains lymphomagenesis, thus rendering MCL an attractive target for venetoclax, the highly specific, orally bioavailable inhibitor of BCL2. Pre-clinical and early clinical data of venetoclax monotherapy demonstrated high response rates in relapsed/refractory MCL, though the durability of response in high-risk patients appears modest. More recently, clinical trials deploying combination strategies that pair venetoclax with other novel agents have been undertaken, with some promising early data reported. In this article, we review the biological rationale for deploying venetoclax in MCL, as well as the emerging data from clinical trials of venetoclax monotherapy and novel combinations.