gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incremental Prognostic Impact of Peripheral Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction on the Development of Ischemic Stroke (2020)

Background Peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction (PMED) has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but there is a lack of information characterizing the predictive value of PMED for future risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 637 patients who underwent non-invasive microvascular endothelial function assessment using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index ≤2 was defined as PMED. Of 280 patients with PMED, 12 (4.3%) patients developed IS, compared with only 4 (1.1%) of 357 patients without PMED during a median follow-up of 5.3 years. Patients with PMED had lower IS-free survival compared with patients without PMED (log-rank <i>P</i>=0.03). Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) analyses showed that PMED predicted the incidence of IS, with a HR of 3.43, 95% CI, 1.10-10.63 (<i>P</i>=0.03); adjusted HR of 3.70, 95% CI, 1.18-11.59 (<i>P</i>=0.02) after adjusting for sex, smoking history, and atrial fibrillation; adjusted HR of 3.45, 95% CI, 1.11-10.72 (<i>P</i>=0.03) after adjusting for CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score; adjusted HR of 5.70, 95% CI, 1.40-23.29 (<i>P</i>=0.02) after adjusting for revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index improved discrimination of risk for IS after adding reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index to CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score and revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score. Conclusions PMED was associated with a >3-fold increased risk of IS. These findings underscore the concept of the systemic nature of endothelial dysfunction, which could act as a potential marker to predict future risk of IS.
Stability of Dynamical Systems in the Presence of Noise (1993)

Abstract : Pinsky's research is concerned with the exponential growth rate (= Lyapunov exponent) of solutions of stochastic differential equations. In a paper to appear in the Annals of Applied Probability, a formula is obtained for the quadratic Lyapunov exponent of the simple harmonic oscillator in the presence of a finite-state Markov noise process. In case the noise process is reversible, the quadratic Lyapunov exponent is strictly less than for the corresponding white noise process obtained from the central limit theorem. An example is presented of a non-reversible Markov noise process for which this inequality is reversed. In another article, to appear in the volume 'Stochastic Partial Differential Equations and their Applications' in the Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences (Proceedings of the 1991 Charlotte NC Conference on SPDE, ed. B. Rozovskii), the Lyapunov exponent is computed for the, solution of a hyperbolic partial differential equation with damping. In this case, one studies the exponential growth rate of the energy of the solution with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The detailed results depend on the size of the damping constant (overdamped vs. underdamped case). To our knowledge, this is the first study ever of the Lyapunov exponent for a partial differential equation. Lyapunov exponent, Stochastic oscillator, Fourier transform, Heat kernel.
On-board reagent storage and release by solvent-selective, rotationally opened membranes: a digital twin approach (2022)

Abstract Decentralized bioanalytical testing in resource-poor settings ranks among the most common applications of microfluidic systems. The high operational autonomy in such point-of-care/point-of-use scenarios requires long-term onboard storage of liquid reagents, which also need to be safely contained during transport and handling, and then reliably released just prior to their introduction to an assay protocol. Over the recent decades, centrifugal microfluidic technologies have demonstrated the capability of integrated, automated and parallelized sample preparation and detection of bioanalytical protocols. This paper presents a novel technique for onboard storage of liquid reagents which can be issued by a rotational stimulus of the system-innate spindle motor, while still aligning with the conceptual simplicity of such “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems. In this work, this highly configurable reagent storage technology is captured by a digital twin, which permits complex performance analysis and algorithmic design optimization according to objectives as expressed by target metrics.
Molecular-absorption-induced thermal bistability in PECVD silicon nitride microring resonators (2014)

The wavelength selective linear absorption in communication C-band is investigated in CMOS-processed PECVD silicon nitride rings. In the overcoupled region, the linear absorption loss lowers the on-resonance transmission of a ring resonator and increases its overall quality factor. Both the linear absorption and ring quality factor are maximized near 1520 nm. The direct heating by phonon absorption leads to thermal optical bistable switching in PECVD silicon nitride based microring resonators. We calibrate the linear absorption rate in the microring resonator by measuring its transmission lineshape at different laser power levels, consistent with coupled mode theory calculations.
Horseradish peroxidase-functionalized Pt hollow nanospheres and multiple redox probes as trace labels for a sensitive simultaneous multianalyte electrochemical immunoassay (2010)

A novel strategy for a simultaneous multianalyte electrochemical immunoassay is proposed using thionine-labeled anti-AFP and ferrocene-labeled anti-CEA as tracers; each biorecognition event yielded a distinct voltammetric peak, whose position and size reflected the identify and level of the corresponding antigen.
A Nine-level ANPC/H-Bridge Inverter for Open-Winding Motor Drive System (2019)

In order to increase the output power and voltage levels, a nine-level ANPC/H-Bridge inverter for high power medium voltage motor drive applications is presented in this paper. Each phase of this inverter consists of two five-level ANPC bridges and all the phases are powered by a common DC-link, which is very suitable for ship integrated electric propulsion with open-winding multi-phase motors. A hybrid modulation method is adopted to control this inverter. The series connected or high-voltage switches in all the five-level ANPC bridges are operated at fundamental frequency and the other switches are controlled with PS-PWM, which is easy to implement and can achieve the natural voltage balance of the neutral-point potential and flying capacitor voltages. A capacitor voltage balancing method based on this hybrid modulation method is also proposed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the validity of this method.
Clustered Nanocarriers: The Effect of Size on the Clustering of CCMV Virus‐Like Particles With Soft Macromolecules (2014)

Virus-like particles (VLP) could enable a wide variety of biomedical applications in therapy, drug delivery, and imaging. They are biocompatible and can be self-assembled into larger structured materials for additional functionality and potentially better biodistribution, which is still a challenging aspect. Here we investigate the role of the VLPs size and resulting Caspar Klug symmetry in forming clusters out of these building blocks, showing that the onset point for clustering is determined by steric considerations of the binding site and binding agent. The clustering is independent of cargo and the data suggests that rotational symmetry in the T = 3 capsid allows for hexagonal close packed structures, whereas the T = 1 capsid that lacks a six-fold and twofold rotational axis does not show such organization.
Gene Expression Patterns and Profile Changes Pre- and Post-Erlotinib Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (2005)

ER status reflects the major difference in gene expression pattern in metastatic breast cancer. Erlotinib had effects on genes of EGFR signaling pathway in the EGFR-positive tumor and on gene ontology biological process categories or genes that have function in signal transduction in EGFR-negative tumors.
A virtual clinical trial using projection-based nodule insertion to determine radiologist reader performance in lung cancer screening CT (2017)

Task-based image quality assessment using model observers is promising to provide an efficient, quantitative, and objective approach to CT dose optimization. Before this approach can be reliably used in practice, its correlation with radiologist performance for the same clinical task needs to be established. Determining human observer performance for a well-defined clinical task, however, has always been a challenge due to the tremendous amount of efforts needed to collect a large number of positive cases. To overcome this challenge, we developed an accurate projection-based insertion technique. In this study, we present a virtual clinical trial using this tool and a low-dose simulation tool to determine radiologist performance on lung-nodule detection as a function of radiation dose, nodule type, nodule size, and reconstruction methods. The lesion insertion and low-dose simulation tools together were demonstrated to provide flexibility to generate realistically-appearing clinical cases under well-defined conditions. The reader performance data obtained in this virtual clinical trial can be used as the basis to develop model observers for lung nodule detection, as well as for dose and protocol optimization in lung cancer screening CT.
Ion Regulation and Response of Tomato to Sodium Chloride: A Homeostatic System (1983)

Abstract Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. New Yorker, Solanum pennellii Corr. PI 246502, and 16 stable breeding lines of horticultural type derived from this cross were evaluated under saline (0.1 m NaCl) and control conditions. The breeding line population exhibited a much wider range of salt tolerance than that found in the cultivated species. Relative ability to regulate sodium accumulation in the leaves was significantly correlated with growth under saline irrigation. Absolute levels of foliar sodium or chloride accumulated under saline irrigation were not significantly correlated with plant growth. Regulation of ion accumulation was assessed as the ratio of foliar ionic content in saltgrown plants to foliar content in control plants, a value which we define as ion regulation index (IRI). A low index indicated regulation of accumulation of a particular ion. Regulation of ion uptake is interpreted as reflecting an effective homeostatic system. The homeostasis was attributed to tomato, and salt tolerance improvement occurred only if the requisite homeostasis was combined with other factors conferred by S. pennelli . Information regarding occurrence and possible mechanisms of this type of salt tolerance is reviewed.
Cell‐mediated deposition of porous silica on bacterial biofilms (2011)

Living hybrid materials that respond dynamically to their surrounding environment have important applications in bioreactors. Silica based sol-gels represent appealing matrix materials as they form a mesoporous biocompatible glass lattice that allows for nutrient diffusion while firmly encapsulating living cells. Despite progress in sol-gel cellular encapsulation technologies, current techniques typically form bulk materials and are unable to generate regular silica membranes over complex geometries for large-scale applications. We have developed a novel biomimetic encapsulation technique whereby endogenous extracellular matrix molecules facilitate formation of a cell surface specific biomineral layer. In this study, monoculture Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Nitrosomonas europaea biofilms are exposed to silica precursors under different acid conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis revealed the presence of a thin silica layer covering the biofilm surface. Cell survival was confirmed 30 min, 30 days, and 90 days after encapsulation using confocal imaging with a membrane integrity assay and physiological flux measurements of oxygen, glucose, and NH 4⁺. No statistical difference in viability, oxygen flux, or substrate flux was observed after encapsulation in silica glass. Shear induced biofilm detachment was assessed using a particle counter. Encapsulation significantly reduced detachment rate of the biofilms for over 30 days. The results of this study indicate that the thin regular silica membrane permits the diffusion of nutrients and cellular products, supporting continued cellular viability after biomineralization. This technique offers a means of controllably encapsulating biofilms over large surfaces and complex geometries. The generic deposition mechanism employed to form the silica matrix can be translated to a wide range of biological material and represents a platform encapsulation technology.
Supplementary Data from PF-00477736 Mediates Checkpoint Kinase 1 Signaling Pathway and Potentiates Docetaxel-Induced Efficacy in Xenografts (2023)

Supplementary Data from PF-00477736 Mediates Checkpoint Kinase 1 Signaling Pathway and Potentiates Docetaxel-Induced Efficacy in Xenografts
Three-element phased arrays to enhance the spatial resolution and achieve depth discrimination in diffuse optical imaging (2005)

We present a phased-array approach to diffuse optical imaging that is based on collecting continuous wave (CW) data using multiple sources and/or multiple detectors. The optical signals corresponding to individual source-detector pairs are combined by post processing after assigning individual amplitude and phase factors. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement in spatial resolution and the depth discrimination afforded by three-element linear phased arrays, either as stand alone units or in a 2-D crossed configuration. In this particular example, the (amplitude, phase) factors associated with the three array elements are (1,0), (2,&pi;), (1,0), respectively. Experimental results on tissue like phantoms demonstrate the potential of the proposed source/detector arrays to enhance the performance of diffuse optical imaging.
Self Organizing Supply Chains for Micro-Prediction: Present and Future uses of the ROAR Protocol (2019)

A multi-agent system is trialed as a means of crowd-sourcing inexpensive but high quality streams of predictions. Each agent is a microservice embodying statistical models and endowed with economic self-interest. The ability to fork and modify simple agents is granted to a large number of employees in a firm and empirical lessons are reported. We suggest that one plausible trajectory for this project is the creation of a Prediction Web.
Tunable IR laser source with optical parametric oscillators in series (1994)

A tunable IR laser source is described. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1.064 µm is used to pump two optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) in series. The first OPO uses a LiNbO(3) crystal and works in the vicinity of degeneracy. Its signal beam (adjusted to 1.82 µm) is used to pump the second OPO, which uses a AgGaSe(2) crystal and covers the range 2.6-6 µm. The conversion efficiency between the energy produced by this OPO in the signal and idler beams (λ(s) = 2.6 µm and λ(i) = 6 µm, respectively) and the input energy at 1.064 µm is 1.75%.
Enhancing Well Performance via In-Stage Diversion in Unconventional Wells: Physics and Case Studies (2016)

Abstract Production rates in unconventional plays can decline dramatically, up to 70% in the first year. Refracturing—by today's understanding—is a remedial production operation often done because original fracturing failed to contribute any significant amount of flow, performance of the initial completion has degraded over time to below operationally or economically acceptable limits, or significant unfractured pay exists in the well. Developments in nondamaging, degradable diverters with outstanding plugging efficiency have opened new opportunities for protecting existing fractures by plugging them and then fracturing zones that were previously bypassed because of inefficient zone coverage or refracturing zones that were inefficiently fractured initially. In fact, these new diverters enable zonal isolation for horizontal wells with multiple perforation clusters and for temporarily plugging perforations for re-stimulation treatments instead of squeezing the perforations and sealing them off. With multistage operations becoming the industry norm, operators need easily deployable diversion technologies that will protect previously stimulated perforations and enable adding new ones to untreated perforations or bypassed zones. This paper reviews in-stage Diversion, including a brief discussion of diverter candidate selection in terms of production and risk assessment to ensure return on investment. Also included is an explanation of underlying mechanisms controlling the diversion process and the use of advanced modeling techniques to enhance efficiency of diversion operations. Then a case study is discussed to highlight how temporary and degradable chemistry can be used to enhance zone coverage, to provide temporary isolation between zones in shale fracturing operations, and to achieve multiple effective fracture treatments within the same stage. These degradable chemical diverting agents form a solid impermeable barrier or seal that in time will break or degrade to liquid form, leaving the existing zone that was diverted open to permit flow.
Open Negotiation: The Back-End Benefits of Salespeople’s Transparency in the Front End (2020)

Negotiations today are less likely to be characterized by information asymmetry—the notion that buyers are less informed than sellers—due to the amount of information available to buyers. A number of industries have reacted to this change by shifting their attention to earning profits in aftermarkets: products and services that augment the main purchase (e.g., add-ons, insurance, financing, service and maintenance). In these aftermarkets, firms often retain an information advantage, even if information asymmetries are eliminated from the main purchase. This has given rise to an interesting setting untapped by prior research: information “symmetry” in the front end (main purchase) and information “asymmetry” in the back end (aftermarket). The authors argue that symmetry in the front end provides an opportunity to build trust, as the knowledgeable customer can verify the information disclosed by the seller. In an observational study in the automotive industry, the authors find that customers to whom the salesperson revealed the cost of a car at the beginning of the negotiation spent significantly more in the back end than others. As corroborated in subsequent studies, this effect holds only when cost is disclosed at the beginning of the negotiation and when customers can verify the cost information.
Discretization of Time Series Data (2010)

An increasing number of algorithms for biochemical network inference from experimental data require discrete data as input. For example, dynamic Bayesian network methods and methods that use the framework of finite dynamical systems, such as Boolean networks, all take discrete input. Experimental data, however, are typically continuous and represented by computer floating point numbers. The translation from continuous to discrete data is crucial in preserving the variable dependencies and thus has a significant impact on the performance of the network inference algorithms. We compare the performance of two such algorithms that use discrete data using several different discretization algorithms. One of the inference methods uses a dynamic Bayesian network framework, the other-a time-and state-discrete dynamical system framework. The discretization algorithms are quantile, interval discretization, and a new algorithm introduced in this article, SSD. SSD is especially designed for short time series data and is capable of determining the optimal number of discretization states. The experiments show that both inference methods perform better with SSD than with the other methods. In addition, SSD is demonstrated to preserve the dynamic features of the time series, as well as to be robust to noise in the experimental data. A C++ implementation of SSD is available from the authors at http://polymath.vbi.vt.edu/discretization .
Boron Content and the Superconducting Critical Temperature of\n Carbon-Based Materials (2020)

In this paper, we present results on magnetization properties of boron\nnitride-carbon (BN-C) and boron carbide-carbon (B4C-C) granular mixtures. The\ntemperature-dependent magnetization for field-cooled during cooling and\nfield-cooled during warming shows a kind of thermal hysteresis that is always\nseen around a metamagnetic phase transition from an antiferromagnetic\nmartensite to a ferromagnetic austenite phase. The low-temperature\nmagnetization has an upward turn that can be attributed to superparamagnetism,\ndiamagnetic shielding, and trapped flux characteristic to high-temperature\nsuperconducting materials. After subtracting the diamagnetic background, the\nfield-dependent magnetization loops M(B) are ferromagnetic-like, more\nsignificant for the BN-C than for the B4C-C mixture. In addition, the\nmagnetization loops show the kink feature characteristic to granular\nsuperconductivity. The irreversibility temperature for a B4C-C mixture having\n37.5 wt% B is Tc = 76 K. Combining our data with previous results on B-doped\ndiamond and Q-carbon, we find that Tc increases linearly with the B\nconcentration.\n
Molecular characterization of two novel C-type lectin-like receptors, one of which is selectively expressed in human dendritic cells (2000)

We have identified two human C-type lectin-like receptors, CLEC-1 and CLEC-2. Both display a single carbohydrate recognition domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine-based motif. They are homologous to the NK cell receptors NKG2s and CD94 and also to the oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1. CLEC-1 and CLEC-2 are preferentially transcribed in dendritic cells (DC) and in the liver, respectively. Following transient transfection in COS cells, CLEC-1 is expressed intracellularly, perhaps requiring an associated chain to reach the cell surface. CLEC-2 is expressed on the surface of transfected cells as a protein of approximately 33 kDa. CLEC-1 and CLEC-2 genes map to human chromosome 12, most likely in linkage with the NK gene complex (NKC). Thus, the NKC may encode C-type lectin-like receptors expressed not only in NK cells but also in other cells, and at least one of these is of potential importance in regulating DC function.
Cooperating Ligands in Catalysis (2015)

A cooperating ligand in a metal complex actively and reversibly participates in the activation of a chemical bond in a substrate molecule. Metal–ligand cooperativity requires that the metal and the ligand collaborate in a synergistic manner to facilitate a chemical process. Nature, a master with millions of years of “laboratory” experience, provides outstanding examples that show the variation and scope of this concept. Relevant examples inspired by these biological processes and which demonstrate cooperative ligands in catalysis have been selected and are described in this chapter. These include catalytic hydrogen activation, hydrogen transfer processes, catalytic methods for dihydrogen formation from a proton source, and oxidation methods of hydrocarbons. In these processes, the chemical structure of the ligand can remain intact during the catalytic process (substrate activation via hydrogen bonding) or undergo a reversible transformation (protonation/deprotonation, reorganization of a π system, or electron transfer to/from the metal).