gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High frequency optical mixing in 50-nm gate HEMTs to 211 GHz (2002)

Optical-millimeter wave interactions in semiconductor devices have attracted much recent interest because of applications that can take advantage of both lightwave and millimeter wave techniques. Applications that can benefit from a merging of these areas include phased array radar, remote sensing, spectroscopy and communications. One technique, optical mixing, is a promising method to generate continuously tunable millimeter wave frequencies. The generated signals are of high quality in terms of stability, noise and spectral purity. In this paper, we report the extension of optical mixing techniques to difference frequencies of 211 GHz in 50-nm gate-length pseudomorphic HEMTs. To our knowledge, this is the highest frequency optical mixing to date for three terminal devices. Although two-terminal devices have been used almost exclusively in this role, three-terminal devices are becoming increasingly competitive because of their inherent gain. Moreover, the presence of a third terminal adds a degree of freedom in controlling the mixing process and allows for baseband information signals to be imposed on the optically generated carriers.
Serum thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine, macrophage‐derived chemokine and eotaxin as markers of severity of atopic dermatitis (2005)

Our findings indicate that TARC and MDC are actively involved in the pathogenesis of AD and their expression, opposite to that of eotaxin, is strongly associated with clinical picture of atopic dermatitis.
[Effects of xinxibao on sperm quality in oligoasthenozoospermic men]. (2004)

Zinc and selenium can significantly improve the sperm quality of oligoasthenozoospermic men.
Rapid and Efficient Recovery of Histidine‐tagged Proteins Directly from Bacterial Cultures (2006)

The purification of recombinant proteins is often a time‐consuming and tedious process. Traditional protein purification methods from E.coli require an initial harvesting of cells, which are then subjected to mechanical, detergent, or enzymatic lysis to solubilize cellular protein(s). The crude cell lysates must then be clarified by centrifugation before applying to an affinity resin for purification. In order to overcome this bottleneck in proteomics research, Sigma‐Aldrich has developed the HIS‐SelectTM iLAPTM (Integrated Lysis and Affinity Purification) 5 ml Column. The HIS‐Select iLAP 5 ml Column is a single‐use, disposable column designed for one‐step purification of histidine‐tagged proteins directly from a 5 ml bacterial culture. By eliminating the cell harvest and sample clarification steps, the iLAP technology streamlines the entire purification process, allowing for rapid recovery of the target protein(s). When compared to traditional methods, this improved procedure yields similar results, and requires far less time and effort. Additionally, the resulting purified protein is suitable for a variety of downstream applications. In the present work, we have utilized the HIS‐Select iLAP columns for the purification of a variety of Metal Affinity Tag (MAT) proteins, and demonstrated the utility of the HIS‐Select iLAP 5 ml Column for screening the expression level of a variety of bacterial clones expressing MAT‐tagged proteins.
Group VIA PLA2 (iPLA2β) Is Activated Upstream of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) in Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Signaling (2011)

Group VIA phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)β) in pancreatic islet β-cells participates in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor-induced apoptosis, and both are attenuated by pharmacologic or genetic reductions in iPLA(2)β activity and amplified by iPLA(2)β overexpression. While exploring signaling events that occur downstream of iPLA(2)β activation, we found that p38 MAPK is activated by phosphorylation in INS-1 insulinoma cells and mouse pancreatic islets, that this increases with iPLA(2)β expression level, and that it is stimulated by the iPLA(2)β reaction product arachidonic acid. The insulin secretagogue D-glucose also stimulates β-cell p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and this is prevented by the iPLA(2)β inhibitor bromoenol lactone. Insulin secretion induced by d-glucose and forskolin is amplified by overexpressing iPLA(2)β in INS-1 cells and in mouse islets, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor PD169316 prevents both responses. The SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin also stimulates phosphorylation of both β-cell MAPK kinase isoforms and p38 MAPK, and bromoenol lactone prevents both events. Others have reported that iPLA(2)β products activate Rho family G-proteins that promote MAPK kinase activation via a mechanism inhibited by Clostridium difficile toxin B, which we find to inhibit thapsigargin-induced β-cell p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Thapsigargin-induced β-cell apoptosis and ceramide generation are also prevented by the p38 MAPK inhibitor PD169316. These observations indicate that p38 MAPK is activated downstream of iPLA(2)β in β-cells incubated with insulin secretagogues or thapsigargin, that this requires prior iPLA(2)β activation, and that p38 MAPK is involved in the β-cell functional responses of insulin secretion and apoptosis in which iPLA(2)β participates.
Comparison of Urinary Tract Infection Rates Associated with Transurethral Catheterization, Suprapubic Tube and Clean Intermittent Catheterization in the Postoperative Setting: A Network Meta-Analysis (2017)

Transurethral catheterization is not associated with an increased urinary tract infection risk compared to suprapubic tubes and intermittent catheterization if catheterization duration is 5 days or less. However, a suprapubic tube or intermittent catheterization is associated with a lower rate of urinary tract infection if longer term catheterization is expected in the postoperative period.
Li2FeSiO4 - the new Li-ion battery cathode material: a simple compound, a complex structure, and unpredictable electrochemistry (2007)

Li2FeSiO4 - the new Li-ion battery cathode material: a simple compound, a complex structure, and unpredictable electrochemistry
Basics of Photoactivation (2009)

INTRODUCTION Specific molecular interactions control cellular function. The photorelease of caged compounds (nucleotides, neurotransmitters, peptides, second messengers, proteins, etc.) can be used to control these interactions in living cells. Caged compounds are biological effector molecules whose active functionality has been chemically masked with a photoremovable protecting group. Illumination produces a concentration jump from the caged molecule. This article discusses the basic principles underlying photoactivation, the properties of caging chromophores and commercially available caged compounds, and practical considerations for their effective use.
Na(Nb1−xVx)O3 System and ``Ferrielectricity'' (1962)

Following a report of ferroelectricity at room temperature in Na(Nb1−xVx)O3, crystals of pure NaNbO3 and Na(Nb1−xVx)O3 have been investigated electrically, optically, and by x-ray diffraction. Attempts to introduce amounts of vanadium larger than x≈0.005 into the crystals were unsuccessful. The room temperature phase of pure NaNbO3 has been reported to be antiferroelectric, that of NaVO3 nonferroelectric but perhaps also antiferroelectric. The vanadium-doped crystals appear to be antiferroelectric in the room temperature as grown state. A transition to a ferroelectric phase can be induced in both the vanadium-doped and the pure crystals by a sufficiently high field (of the order of 50 kv/cm), called the transition field, applied normal to the orthorhombic b axis. In one type of crystal plate, when the field-induced transition into the ferroelectric phase occurs, a crystallographic reorientation is also observed. Some crystals revert to the nonferroelectric phase when the transition field is removed. All of the crystals investigated while in the ferroelectric phase were found to have the length of the b axis twice the length of the simple perovskite cube, whereas in the antiferroelectric phase, the length of the b axis is four times that of the simple perovskite cube. In so far as the phenomena studied in the present investigation are concerned, it can be stated that the vanadium-doped crystals behave in most respects like pure NaNbO3 crystals. In particular, no evidence was found for an unbalanced antidipole configuration, i.e., ``ferrielectric'' structure, proposed by another investigator in an earlier paper. Further differences between the content of that paper and the present results are pointed out.
Fabrication of an Amorphous Composite Alloy (1980)

An amorphous composite alloy connected with two different amorphous alloys is fabricated using a twin roll method. Crystallization temperature and the connected boundary for the amorphous composite alloy are investigated. The amorphous composite alloy thus obtained is verified to have a sharp connected boundary.
Cell Replacement Strategies Aimed at Reconstitution of the β-Cell Compartment in Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

Emerging technologies in regenerative medicine have the potential to restore the β-cell compartment in diabetic patients, thereby overcoming the inadequacies of current treatment strategies and organ supply. Novel approaches include: 1) Encapsulation technology that protects islet transplants from host immune surveillance; 2) stem cell therapies and cellular reprogramming, which seek to regenerate the depleted β-cell compartment; and 3) whole-organ bioengineering, which capitalizes on the innate properties of the pancreas extracellular matrix to drive cellular repopulation. Collaborative efforts across these subfields of regenerative medicine seek to ultimately produce a bioengineered pancreas capable of restoring endocrine function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Development and evaluation of the CABIN immersive multiscreen display (1999)

This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the CABIN immersive multiscreen display. CABIN consists of five screens that surround users, and one of the five, the floor screen, is made of tempered glass able to support the users' weight. In CABIN, computer graphics images and video images can be projected. By using a five-screen configuration, the user is able to look at three-dimensional objects from various directions, as well as look around a wide area of the virtual world. A quantitative evaluation showed that multiple screens are indispensable to support a large area of viewpoint change for the purpose of displaying three-dimensional objects. In addition, distortion of the generated virtual space was evaluated. From the experimental results, the user is able to perceive space accurately with little distortion when standing near the center of the display space. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(1): 13–22, 1999
Baleen wear reveals intraoral water flow patterns of mysticete filter feeding (2016)

A survey of macroscopic and microscopic wear patterns in the baleen of eight whale species (Cetacea: Mysticeti) discloses structural, functional, and life history properties of this neomorphic keratinous tissue, including evidence of intraoral water flow patterns involved in filter feeding. All baleen demonstrates wear, particularly on its medial and ventral edges, as flat outer layers of cortical keratin erode to reveal horn tubes, also of keratin, which emerge as hair-like fringes. This study quantified five additional categories of specific wear: pitting of plates, scratching of plates, scuffing of fringes, shortening of fringes, and reorientation of fringes (including fringes directed between plates to the exterior of the mouth). Blue whale baleen showed the most pitting and sei whale baleen the most scratching; gray whale baleen had the most fringe wear. The location of worn baleen within the mouth suggests that direct contact with the tongue is not responsible for most wear, and that flowing water as well as abrasive prey or sediment carried by the flowing water likely causes pitting and scratching of plates as well as fringe fraying, scuffing, shortening, and reorientation. Baleen also has elevated vertical and horizontal ridges that are unrelated to wear; these are probably related to growth and may allow for age determination.
Spinal Cord Monitoring (2016)

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is a valuable tool to preserve spinal cord and spinal root integrity during surgical procedures. A monitoring plan may include somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), compound muscle action potentials (CMAP), and electromyography (EMG). Such monitoring is individualized depending on the preoperative clinical deficit, the structures most at risk, and the surgical and anesthesia plan. The most common use of these techniques is in primary spine disease, where the spinal cord pathways will typically be monitored with both MEP and SEP. In cervical or lumbar spine surgeries, EMG monitoring will help protect the nerve root either during decompression or during pedicle screw placement. Monitoring during spinal cord tumor resection or vascular procedures (such as aortic aneurysm repair) not only helps prevent deficit, but also allows the surgeon to proceed with confidence and not unnecessarily terminate the procedure.
Threshold-Based TOA Estimation for Impulse Radio UWB Systems (2006)

Highly dispersive nature of ultra-wideband (UWB) channels makes time of arrival (TOA) estimation extremely challenging, where the leading-edge path is not necessarily the strongest path. Since the bandwidth of a received UWB signal is very large, the Nyquist rate sampling becomes impractical, hence motivating lower complexity and yet accurate ranging techniques at feasible sampling rates. In this paper, we consider TOA estimation based on symbol rate samples that are obtained after a square-law device. A normalized threshold selection approach based on the minimum and maximum values of the energy samples is introduced, and optimal values of the thresholds for different signal to noise ratios (SNRs) are investigated via simulations. Also, the effect of window size when searching the leading edge prior to maximum energy block is analyzed. Theoretical closed form expressions are derived for mean absolute TOA estimation error for a fixed threshold case. Performances of different algorithms are then compared via simulations using IEEE 802.15.4a channel models and by choosing appropriate normalized threshold and search-back window parameters.
Search criteria and evidence for impact-induced beds in the geological record of Spain (2000)

The identification of impact events in the geological record requires the fulfillment of several 
criteria based on the recognition of characteristic macroscopic features, microscopic features, 
and geochemical signatures. Macroscopic features include (a) crater geometry, morphology and 
internal structure; (b) particular lithofacies resulting from impact processes and impact ejecta 
deposition (igneous and sedimentary breccias, diamictites, impact melt breccias and suevites, 
megablocks, slump folds and resedimentation deposits, and tsunamites); and (c) deformation 
features (striations and shatter cones). Microscopic features include deformation features in 
mineral grains (shocked quartz and other silicate minerals), spherule-rich layers, silicon carbide 
and diamonds. Geochemical signatures include marked anomalies of siderophyle and platinumgroup 
elements, and Ni-rich spinels. A review of the available information on the Spanish 
geological record of meteorite impacts identified one probable impact structure (Azuara), and 
the record of one event with proved evidence for an impact (near K/T boundary) present at 
several sections in Spain. Following the aforementioned criteria, we identify other units and 
regions within Spain with potential to be related with meteorite impacts.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOGENATION OF AROMATIC SILANES. XXXI. CHLORINATION OF AROMATIC SILANES OF THE C6H5(CH2)NSICL3 SERIES (N = 1‐4) (1984)

Abstract 4). ‐′Untersucht wird die Chlorierung der Silane (I)‐(IV).
Supplementary Figure from Preclinical Modeling of Leiomyosarcoma Identifies Susceptibility to Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors through Antagonism of E2F-Driven Oncogenic Gene Expression (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Preclinical Modeling of Leiomyosarcoma Identifies Susceptibility to Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors through Antagonism of E2F-Driven Oncogenic Gene Expression
Oral Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) Administration Increases Postexercise ATP Levels, Muscle Excitability, and Athletic Performance Following a Repeated Sprint Bout (2017)

Oral ATP administration prevents exercise-induced declines in ATP and its metabolite and enhances peak power and muscular excitability, which may be beneficial for sports requiring repeated high-intensity sprinting bouts.
Controlling integration specificity of a yeast retrotransposon (2003)

Retrotransposons and retroviruses integrate nonrandomly into eukaryotic genomes. For the yeast retrotransposon Ty5, integration preferentially occurs within domains of heterochromatin. Targeting to these locations is determined by interactions between an amino acid sequence motif at the C terminus of Ty5 integrase (IN) called the targeting domain, and the heterochromatin protein Sir4p. Here we show that new Ty5 integration hot spots are created when Sir4p is tethered to ectopic DNA sites. Targeting to sites of tethered Sir4p is abrogated by single amino acid substitutions in either IN or Sir4p that prevent their interaction. Ty5 target specificity can be altered by replacing the IN-targeting domain with other peptide motifs that interact with known protein partners. Integration occurs at high efficiency and in close proximity to DNA sites where the protein partners are tethered. These findings define a mechanism by which retrotransposons shape their host genomes and suggest ways in which retroviral integration can be controlled.
Konjugierte Endiine ‐ ein altes Thema in neuem Licht (1993)

Neue Kohlenstoffmodifikationen und Fragen der Naturstoffchemie sind in der aktuellen Endiin‐Forschung von besonderem Interesse. Vor zwanzig Jahren, als dieses Gebiet schon einmal im Blickpunkt stand, waren dagegen Synthesen von aromatischen und antiaromatischen ß‐Elektronensystemen und Tetrahedranen das Ziel. Dieses Highlight spannt den Bogen zwischen den vielen unterschiedlichen Aspekten von damals und heute unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Arbeiten von Nicolaou, Diederich und Vollhardt.
Severe Systemic Reactions following Administration of Different Uterotonic Drugs (1983)

Departments of Anesthesiology and Gynecology and Obstetrics. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
Comparative Biology of the Resistance to Vitamin K Antagonists: An Overview of the Resistance Mechanisms (2016)

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are used in human medicine as well as for the management of rodent populations. In both cases, we have to deal with inter-individual resistances. Many mechanisms of resistances are common in humans and rodents. Moreover, with the large use of vitamin K antagonist rodenticides, the resistant phenotype is overrepresented in some rodent populations. Consequently, some resistance mechanisms with a low prevalence in the human population have a higher prevalence in rodent population; thus, they can be more studied in rodents. The aim of this chapter is to cross knowledge coming from human medicine and rodent research in order to better understand each resistance mechanism. After an overview of the essential knowledge for the understanding of the VKA action, this chapter presents the different methods of VKA resistance studying and then it assesses the current knowledge on VKA resistance in humans and rodents.
Botulinum hemagglutinin disrupts the intercellular epithelial barrier by directly binding E-cadherin (2010)

Botulinum neurotoxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum and forms large protein complexes through associations with nontoxic components. We recently found that hemagglutinin (HA), one of the nontoxic components, disrupts the intercellular epithelial barrier; however, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not known. In this study, we identified epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) as a target molecule for HA. HA directly binds E-cadherin and disrupts E-cadherin-mediated cell to cell adhesion. Although HA binds human, bovine, and mouse E-cadherin, it does not bind rat or chicken E-cadherin homologues. HA does not interact with other members of the classical cadherin family such as neural and vascular endothelial cadherin. Expression of rat E-cadherin but not mouse rescues Madin-Darby canine kidney cells from HA-induced tight junction (TJ) disruptions. These data demonstrate that botulinum HA directly binds E-cadherin and disrupts E-cadherin-mediated cell to cell adhesion in a species-specific manner and that the HA-E-cadherin interaction is essential for the disruption of TJ function.
Multibody Parafoil Model (2009)

The advantages of different approaches to multibody analysis of a parafoil system are discussed. The usual approach to this subject is to have two bodies, representing the canopy and the payload, connected at a common pivot. If the pivot is free to rotate in three axes, the resulting system has nine degrees of freedom. Some researchers model this as two separate bodies, each with six DOF, and then enforce the condition that the hinge point is the same on both bodies by modeling the interbody forces at the pivot point. This adds three extra states to the problem. In order to avoid this and to obtain the maximum numerical efficiency, a solution is pursued for a minimal set of nine equations. In order to highlight the effects of apparent mass, a derivation is first presented of a system in which only the real mass properties are included. The real mass solution closely follows a derivation presented in a textbook by P. Hughes [1]. Results are obtained that are equivalent his previous results, with certain simplifications that further improve the numerical efficiency. A symmetrical mass matrix is produced. This is followed by a derivation showing explicitly how the effects of apparent mass should be added. An apparent mass matrix that incorporates spanwise camber is used [2]. The overall mass matrix remains symmetrical when the apparent mass effects are included. Very little information has been presented in the literature describing the orientation of the principal axes of the apparent inertia matrix of a parafoil. It is shown that a good approximation of the Z axis of this matrix can be obtained by taking a line running from the confluence point to the center of pressure of the central airfoil section. This choice of orientation results in some simplification of the expressions in the system mass matrix.
Novel patented therapeutic approaches targeting the 37/67 kDa laminin receptor for treatment of cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

Molecular tools directed against LRP/LR, such as antibodies and small interfering RNA, could prove to be effective in the prevention of metastasis and angiogenesis while inducing apoptosis in cancers. Moreover, these strategies could also be applied to AD where LRP/LR is seen to facilitate the production and internalization of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which LRP/LR is involved in eliciting pathogenic events, while showing how the use of patented approaches targeting this receptor could be used to treat them.