gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-, three-, and four-photon-pumped stimulated cavityless lasing properties of ten stilbazolium-dyes solutions (2005)

Two-, three-, and four-photon-pumped stimulated emission (cavityless lasing) properties of ten novel stilbazolium dyes in solution phase have been comprehensively studied. These newly synthesized multiphoton active dye compounds have the same molecular backbone but differ either in their electron donors or in their electron acceptors and can be utilized to generate highly directional stimulated emissions over a broad visible spectral range (from 490 to 618 nm) under multiphoton-pump conditions. The pump source was a powerful Ti:sapphire oscillator-amplifier system associated with an optical-parametric generator, which could specifically provide ∼160 fs duration and ∼775, 1320, and 1890 nm laser pulses for two-, three-, and four-photon excitation, respectively. The spectral, spatial, and temporal properties as well as the efficiency of multiphoton-pumped lasing output from different dye-solution samples have been studied. Based on the measured results, two salient features have been found: (i) the threshold pump-energy values for two-, three-, and four-photon-pumped lasing were quite close (within a factor of 3-4); and (ii) there was an obvious wavelength difference (10-30 nm) between the forward and backward lasing output under three- and four-photon-pump conditions.
Corrosion protection of equipment and metalwork (1976)

Much research has been carried out at UKhIN, on the corrosive action of the majority of technical media and atmospheres in coking plants and the corrosion resistance of constructional materials exposed to them. Recommendations have been issued on the corrosion protection of apparatus in all stages of the chemical recovery process, including vacuum-carbonate and arsenic-soda sulfur removal, rectification, coaltar distillation, and the production of thiocyanates, concentrated ammonia liquor, ammonium sulfide, coumarone-indene resins, etc. Permanent test rigs have been set up at Avdeevka, Zhdanov, Krivoi Rog, Donetsk, Yasinovka, and Gubakha, to provide data on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of various protective finishes. The purpose of this article is to summarize the basic research findings and recommendations on the corrosion protection of apparatus and metalwork in the various departments of coking plants.
Enabling Rapid Creation of Content for Consumption in Mobile Augmented Reality (2010)

As smart phones are getting powerful multimedia devices, with a plethora of sensors, they are the perfect enablers for Augmented Reality, allowing users to see the real world through a magic lens. Augmented Reality applications and services have been typically utilized in a limited number of domains, while adding new content is typically a privilege of developers, as programming skills are required for linking to existing clients or systems. In this paper we study how power users and small businesses can bring their content, advertizing and general data to an Augmented Reality view, with minimal effort. We present three prototyped approaches based on the Image Space mirror world service.
Learning Sparse Hypergraphs from Dyadic Relational Data (2019)

In this paper, we propose a structured hypergraph learning algorithm based on the structure of common statistical dependencies observed in network datasets. By considering the social relations regression model (SRRM) as starting point, we extend the explanatory power of the model by including third-order dependency patterns through a hypergraph which exhibit the multi-clustered behavior of the network data. To unveil the underlying structure of the data, the hypergraph learning problem is considered as a combination of a generalized factor analysis problem, regularized by a smoothness assumption over the network data feature space, and a dictionary learning problem, which can be shown to be solved efficiently. Experimental results in both synthetic and real datasets illustrate the performance of the proposed hypergraph learning method.
A reconfigurable system featuring dynamically extensible embedded microprocessor, FPGA and customisable I/O (2003)

A system-chip targeting image and voice processing and recognition application domains is implemented as a representative of the potential of using programmable logic in system design. It features an embedded reconfigurable processor built by joining a configurable and extensible processor core and a SRAM-based embedded FPGA. Application-specific bus-mapped coprocessors and flexible I/O peripherals and interfaces can also be added and dynamically modified by reconfiguring the embedded FPGA. The architecture of the system is discussed as well as the design flows for pre- and post-silicon design and customisation. The silicon area required by the system is 20 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The embedded FPGA accounts for about 40% of the system area.
Role of hematopoietic growth factors/flt3 ligand in expansion and regulation of dendritic cells (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are hematopoietic cells that initiate immune responses by presenting antigen to T cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a primary growth factor for DCs in vitro, but recently it was recognized that other factors including flt3 ligand (FL) and G-CSF expand various DC subsets in vivo. DCs undergo a complex series of maturation and activation steps after they acquire antigen and before they can activate resting T cells. In addition, they must traffic to T-cell-rich areas of lymph nodes (LN) to achieve this. Each of these steps is tightly regulated, and in the last year progress has been made in identifying some of the key molecules involved in each of these steps. This progress will further the efforts underway to develop DCs as vaccine adjuvants.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of lipase catalysed hydrolysis of oleyl oleate (1990)

The kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of oleyl oleate in the boundary layer between stagnant organic and aqueous phases was studied using a commercial lipase preparation which was dissolved in the aqueous phase. Three aspects of the reaction were investigated. (1) The hydrolysis equilibrium in the organic phase cannot be expressed in terms of the concentrations of ester, alcohol and organic acid alone since the activity of the organic compounds changes dramatically with conversion, i.e. with the water content in the organic phase. An empirical correlation that accounts for the water activity and the unknown activity coefficients of the organic compounds is determined. (2) The influence of the interfacial area was examined, and it was found that the amount of ester converted per unit area of interface is independent of the available interfacial area and of the amount of ester. (3) The inhibition of the reaction by the hydrolysis products and by n-alkanes was measured. Both acid and alcohol inhibit the hydrolysis reaction while the influence of long-chained alkanes is very small. It is concluded that the reaction rate is determined by the interfacial concentrations, and that these concentrations differ from the bulk concentrations because of the different surface affinities of the components.
Error Resilient Real-Time State Variable Systems for Signal Processing and Control (2014)

The advent of sensor networks, robots, autonomous vehicles and the smart grid have made the dependability of circuits and systems that control them critical to society and national defense. While significant advances in the design of linear and nonlinear control systems have been made to allow modes of operation not possible in the past, the problem of resilience to errors induced by hostile operating environments remains largely unexplored even though the probability of such errors occurring during real-time operation has increased. In this talk we propose mechanisms for detecting transient errors in control systems and circuitry as well as diagnosing and correcting for their effects on overall system operation. It is shown how real-number checksum encodings of circuit function can be used to detect and correct errors in the plant and feedback subsystems of linear control systems. Applications to signal processing and control algorithms are described. It is shown how errors in motor control electronics can be detected and corrected using the proposed methodology. Finally, extensions to nonlinear control systems are presented.
Inundation scenarios for flood damage evaluation in polder areas (2009)

Abstract. We present an approach for flood damage simulations through the creation of a comparatively large number of inundation scenarios for a polder area, using a high-resolution digital elevation model. In particular, the method could be used for detailed scenario studies of the impact of future socioeconomic and climatic developments on flood risks. The approach is applied to a case-study area in the south of the Netherlands along the river Meuse. The advantage of our approach is that a large number of potential flood events can be created relatively fast without hydrodynamical calculations, and that it can be applied to high-resolution elevation models and for large areas. The large number of flood scenarios and the high horizontal resolution reduces at least part of the uncertainties encountered in flood loss modelling. The approach with a low horizontal-resolution (100-m) for loss modelling results in an overestimation of losses by up to 22% for high density urban areas, and underestimation of 100% for infrastructure, compared to the high-resolution (25-m). Loss modelling at 5-m horizontal resolution shows that aggregate losses may be overestimated by some 4.3%, compared to the 25-m resolution. The generation of a large variety of inundation scenarios provides a basis for constructing loss probability curves. The calculated range and expected values of damages compare reasonably well with earlier independent estimates.
Ecdysteroid Profiles of Two Ajuga species, A. iva and A. remota (2014)

Phytoecdysteroids are plant analogues of insect moulting hormones and are used by plants to repel or disturb phytophagous insects. They are also active on mammals and present in many plants used in traditional medicine. The Ajuga genus contains several such species, which occur in various pharmacopoeias. We report the isolation and identification of major and minor ecdysteroids present in two Ajuga species, A. iva and A. remota, both of which are used as medicinal plants in Africa. Three minor ecdysteroids (abutasterone, ponasterone A and sidisterone) have been found for the first time in the Ajuga genus.
EFFECTS OF ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUG CLASSES ON 24-HOUR PULSE PRESSURE AMPLIFICATION (2019)

Objective: Anti-hypertensive drug classes may have differential effects on central (cBP) and peripheral (pBP) office BP, and consequently on their relationship, namely pressure amplification (PPA). We aimed at assessing the effect of anti-hypertensive treatment on PPA evaluated over the 24-hour period. Design and method: 281 treated hypertensives (59 ± 14 years, 58% men) underwent ambulatory 24-hour cBP/pBP monitoring (ABPM) using the Mobil-o-Graph, a validated oscillometric brachial cuff-based sphygmomanometer which determines cBP from brachial oscillometric pressure waveforms by applying a proprietary generalized transfer function. PPA was calculated as pPP/cPP. Patients with history of severe valvulopathy and LV dysfunction, arrhythmias, peripheral obstructive atherosclerotic disease, or low-quality ABPMs (n.of readings <70% total) were excluded. Daytime and night-time intervals were calculated after removing intermediate shift hours (06.00–09.00 and 20.00–22.00 am). Results: 31% of patients were treated with monotherapy, 36% with > = 3 drugs, 84% with ACE/ARBs. Mean 24-h PPA was 1.26 ± 0.07, mean daytime PPA (dPPA) was 1.31 ± 0.09, mean night-time PPA (nPPA) was 1.22 ± 0.07. Mean 24-h pBP was 128/78 ± 14/9 mmHg. In pairwise comparisons, subjects treated vs untreated with ACE/ARBs (60 ± 14 years vs 54 ± 15 years, p = 0.01), and with diuretics (63 ± 13 years vs 58 ± 14 years, p < 0.01), were older. Subjects treated with calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) were more frequently males (M = 67% vs 50%, p < 0.01), whereas individuals treated with β-blockers were more females (M = 46% vs 66%, p < 0.01), shorter (166 cm vs 170 cm, p < 0.01), and with significantly lower heart rate (HR 69 ± 9 bpm vs 71 ± 8 bpm, p < 0.01). In unadjusted comparisons, β-blockers were associated with lower 24-h PPA (1.24 vs 1.26, p = 0.04) and dPPA (1.29 vs 1.32, p < 0.01), whereas CCBs were associated with higher 24-h PPA (1.27 vs 1.25, p < 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex and height, β-blockers were only associated with lower dPPA (p = 0.02); such association, however, disappeared after further adjustment for HR (p = 0.49). Conclusions: With the exception of β-blockers, all the anti-hypertensive drug classes have similar impact on 24-h PPA. The use of β-blockers is associated with reduced dPPA, which is mainly explained by the associated HR-lowering effect, but not with reduced nPPA. β-blockers may be responsible for an increased central hemodynamic load during daytime.
Mechanisms of chromosomal rearrangement in the human genome (2010)

Many human cancers are associated with characteristic chromosomal rearrangements, especially hematopoietic cancers such as leukemias and lymphomas. The first and most critical step in the rearrangement process is the induction of two DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In all cases, at least one of the two DSBs is generated by a pathologic process, such as (1) randomly-positioned breaks due to ionizing radiation, free radical oxidative damage, or spontaneous hydrolysis; (2) breaks associated with topoisomerase inhibitor treatment; or (3) breaks at direct or inverted repeat sequences, mediated by unidentified strand breakage mechanisms. In lymphoid cells, one of the two requisite DSBs is often physiologic, the result of V(D)J recombination or class switch recombination (CSR) at the lymphoid antigen receptor loci. The RAG complex, which causes the DSBs in V(D)J recombination, can cause (4) sequence-specific, pathologic DSBs at sites that fit the consensus of their normal V(D)J recombination signal targets; or (5) structure-specific, pathologic DSBs at regions of single- to double-strand transition. CSR occurs specifically in the B-cell lineage, and requires (6) activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) action at sites of single-stranded DNA, which may occur pathologically outside of the normal target loci of class switch recombination regions and somatic hypermutation (SHM) zones. Recent work proposes a seventh mechanism: the sequential action of AID and the RAG complex at CpG sites provides a coherent model for the pathologic DSBs at some of the most common sites of translocation in human lymphoma - the bcl-2 gene in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and the bcl-1 gene in mantle cell lymphoma.
Cell adhesion molecule regulation of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (2002)

Cells undergo processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival based upon cues that they receive from their microenvironment. Extracellular matrix adhesion molecules, such as integrins and syndecans, and cell-cell adhesion molecules, including cadherins and Ig superfamily members, convey information about the environment to the cell. It is evident that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) regulate a variety of signaling events. An emerging theme is that one level of CAM signaling control is through regulated nucleocytoplasmic distribution of molecules that either phosphorylate or co-activate transcription factors. In this manner, CAMs control transcription events that ultimately have a strong impact on cellular processes.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype e – biotypes, genetic diversity and distribution in relation to periodontal status (1999)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates from 356 individuals were screened for identification of serotype e in order to investigate its distribution in relation to periodontal status. From subjects with serotype e, 1-6 isolates per subject (n = 61) were genotyped using arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) and apaH gene polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis to determine the genetic heterogeneity within the serotype. Furthermore, one serotype e strain per subject was tested for fermentation of 8 carbohydrates for biotyping. Among patients with adult periodontitis (n = 219), localized juvenile periodontitis (n = 55) and other forms of early-onset periodontitis (n = 18) serotypes b, a and c, respectively, were the most frequently detected serotypes. Non-periodontitis subjects (n = 64) were predominantly colonized with serotype c. Serotype e was found in 30 (14%) adult periodontitis patients, 2 (11%) early-onset periodontitis patients and in 5 (8%) non-periodontitis individuals, but in none of the 55 localized juvenile periodontitis patients. AP-PCR distinguished 3 and apaH gene PCR-RFLP analysis 2 genotypes among the 61 A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype e isolates, one genotype per subject. The AP-PCR genotypes 1 and 3 represented the apaH genotype 1 and the AP-PCR genotype 2 the apaH genotype 2. On the basis of variable fermentation of galactose and xylose, 3 biotypes among A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype e were established. Contrary to the absence of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype e in localized juvenile periodontitis patients, its detection frequency was comparable among other forms of periodontitis and periodontal health. Clinical serotype e isolates form at least 2 genetic types and 3 biotypes.
PSI-40 The value of selection for carcass traits to improve lamb carcass yield and quality. (2018)

Producer payment for lambs marketed under a price grid classification system is highly dependent on carcass yield and quality traits, such as hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth at the GR site (FATGR), and average carcass conformation score (AVGCONF). Consequently, carcass traits have a major impact on the profitability of meat lamb production. Genetic evaluations for carcass traits are not yet available for the Canadian sheep industry and ultrasound measurements are recorded infrequently, thereby limiting the genetic improvement of carcass yield and quality traits. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the value of including economically important carcass traits (HCW, FATGR, and AVGCONF) into existing Canadian terminal sire selection indexes. Economic selection indexes were developed by successively adding 1) HCW, 2) HCW and FATGR, and 3) HCW, FATGR and AVGCONF into the current terminal sire selection indexes utilized by the Canadian sheep industry. The change in accuracy of the index, expected efficiency of selection on a reduced index compared to the full index, and correlated response expected in the economic traits were used to assess the value of including carcass traits into the terminal sire selection indexes. Preliminary results suggest that the inclusion of HCW is expected to substantially increase the accuracy and efficiency of index selection, and resulted in greater correlated response in HCW compared to the indexes currently used by the industry. However, FATGR and AVGCONF had little impact on the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed indexes and minimal correlated response to selection for these traits was expected. The results of this research suggest that the inclusion of carcass traits into terminal sire selection indexes for the Canadian sheep industry could be beneficial for the genetic improvement of carcass yield, but further research is needed to determine optimal methods to improve carcass quality traits.
Synthesis and Aqueous Chemistry of α-Acetoxy-N-nitrosomorpholine:  Reactive Intermediates and Products (2005)

α-Acetoxy-N-nitrosomorpholine (7) has been synthesized starting by the anodic oxidation of N-acetylmorpholine in methanol. The 55% yield of N-nitrosomorpholinic acid, after cyanide-for-methoxy group exchange and hydrolysis, is an improvement of ∼10-fold over our original 10-step method, and this is readily converted to 7. A study of the kinetics of decomposition of 7 in aqueous media at 25 °C and 1 M ionic strength was conducted over the pH range from 1 to 12. The reaction exhibited good first-order kinetics at all values of pH, and a plot of the log of k0, the buffer-independent rate constant for decomposition, against pH indicated that a pH-independent reaction dominates in the neutral pH region whereas acid- and base-catalyzed reactions dominate in the low and high pH regions, respectively. Reaction at neutral pH in the presence of increasing concentrations of acetate ion results in a decrease in the value of kobsd, to an apparent limiting value consistent with a common-ion inhibition by the capture, and competing base-catalyzed hydration of, an N-nitrosiminium ion intermediate. The 100-fold smaller reactivity of 7 at neutral pH compared with its carbon analogue, α-acetoxy-N-nitrosopiperidine, is also consistent with the electronic effects expected for such a reaction. The dinitrophenylhydrazones derived from pH-independent and acid-catalyzed reactions are identical in kind and quantity, within experimental error, to those observed in the decay of α-hydroxy-N-nitrosomorpholine. Decay of 7 in the presence of benzimidazole buffer results in the formation of 2-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)acetaldehyde (12) and 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)ethanol (13). Independent synthesis and study of 12 indicates that it is stable at 80 °C in 0.1 M DCl, but it slowly decomposes to 13 in neutral and basic media in a reaction that is stimulated by primary and secondary amines, but not by tertiary amines and carbonate buffer. The benzimidazole trapping studies and those of the stability of 12 indicate the possibility that metabolic activation of N-nitrosomorpholine by hydroxylation α to the nitroso nitrogen can result in the deposition of a metastable ethoxyacetaldehyde adduct on the heteroatoms of DNA.