gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of a calcium channel alpha 1 subunit from Drosophila melanogaster with similarity to the rat brain type D isoform (1995)

We report the complete sequence of a calcium channel alpha 1 subunit cDNA cloned from a Drosophila head cDNA library. This cDNA encodes a deduced protein containing 2516 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 276,493. The deduced protein shares many features with vertebrate homologs, including four repeat structures, each containing six transmembrane domains, a conserved ion selectivity filter region between transmembrane domains 5 and 6, and an EF hand in the carboxy tail. The Drosophila subunit has unusually long initial amino and terminal carboxy tails. The region corresponding to the last transmembrane domain (IVS6) and the adjacent cytoplasmic domain has been postulated to form a phenylalkylamine-binding site in vertebrate calcium channels. This region is conserved in the Drosophila sequence, while domains thought to be involved in dihydropyridine binding show numerous changes. The Drosophila subunit exhibits 78.3% sequence similarity to the rat brain type D calcium channel alpha 1 subunit, and so has been designated as a Drosophila melanogaster calcium channel alpha 1 type D subunit (Dmca1D). In situ hybridization shows that Dmca1D is highly expressed in the embryonic nervous system. Northern analysis shows that Dmca1D cDNA hybridizes to three size classes of mRNA (9.5, 10.2, and 12.5 kb) in heads, but only two classes (9.5 and 12.5 kb) in bodies and legs. PCR analysis suggests that the Dmca1D message undergoes alternative splicing with more heterogeneity appearing in head and embryonic extracts than in bodies and legs.
5‐HT7 receptors mediate the inhibitory effect of 5‐HT on peristalsis in the isolated guinea‐pig ileum (2003)

The study was undertaken to investigate the 5-HT receptor mediating the inhibitory effect of 5-HT on peristalsis in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The facilitatory and inhibitory effects were measured as the decrease and increase, respectively, in the intraluminal pressure required to trigger peristalsis. In the presence of 5-HT(2/3&4) receptor antagonists ketanserin (0.1 micro M), granisetron (1 micro M) and SB-204070 (1 micro M), a cumulative addition (0.1-100 micro M) of 5-HT or 5-carboxamidotryptamine, but not 2-methyl-5-HT produced a concentration-dependent increase in the threshold required to trigger peristalsis. The 5-HT(7) receptor selective antagonist SB-269970-A (0.01-1 micro M) or methiothepin (0.01-0.1 micro M) concentration-dependently antagonised this response to 5-HT. SB-269970-A (1 micro M) and methiothepin (1 micro M) were also able to restore peristalsis in tissues in which peristalsis was inhibited by a prior addition of 30 micro M of 5-HT. The results indicate an involvement of 5-HT(7) receptors in the inhibitory effect of 5-HT on peristalsis in the guinea-pig ileum.
IwaCam: A multimedia processing platform for supporting video-based cooking communication (2012)

In this paper, we propose a system for "video-based cooking communication" that allows a home cook to learn cooking by communicating with other skilled cooks or friends over the internet. Because users will want to concentrate on cooking rather than the process of communicating, it is desirable to include multimedia technologies in the system, such as video summarization, to support communication. Our proposed multimedia processing platform for video-based cooking communication, "IwaCam," includes software to enable video-based communication and functions to access raw video and audio. Researchers are only required to implement multimedia processing as a plugin to support communication. We also present simple plugins. In addition, we tested IwaCam with them in home kitchens. Our platform is friendly to both researchers and users in several aspects.
Hyaluronan in the Skin: Mechanisms of Age-Dependent and UVA-Provoked Down-Regulated Secretion of Hyaluronan by Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Prospective Agents to Ameliorate the Hyaluronan Deficiency in Chronologically Aged Skin and Photo-aged Skin (2021)

Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that is physiologically enriched in the dermis and critically supports the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the skin. Little is known about the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the age-dependent deficiency of HA in the dermis of aged skin. We first examined the effects of chronological aging and ultraviolet (UV) A irradiation on the secretion of HA by human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and characterized the cellular and intracellular signaling mechanisms that regulate its synthesis and degradation by enzymes including HA synthases (HAS), hyaluronidases (HYAL) and HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in HA Depolymerization (HYBID). Those results indicate that the age-dependent deficiency of HA in the dermis results from an age-dependent down-regulation in the potential of NHDFs to secrete HA and that decrease in secretion is mainly associated with the down-regulated expression of HASs, especially HAS2. On the other hand, the secretion of HA by NHDFs was found to be suppressed by UVA radiation, accompanied by the down- and up-regulation of mRNA and protein levels of HAS2 and the HA-degrading protein, HYBID, respectively. Signaling analysis revealed that UVA exposure distinctly elicits activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis, the JNK/c-Jun axis and the p38/ATF-2 axis, but down-regulates the phosphorylation of NF-kB and JAK/STAT3. Further analyses using signaling inhibitors and siRNA transfections revealed that the down- and up-regulation of HAS2 and HYBID expression are mainly ascribed to inactivated signaling of the STAT3 axis due to the activated tyrosine protein phosphatase PTP-Meg2 and the activated signaling of the p38/ATF2 axis, respectively. Screening for prospective agents to ameliorate the HA deficiency revealed that Astaxanthin (AX) has the potential to abrogate the UVA-suppressed secretion of HA by NHDFs, which is mechanistically associated with its abrogating effects on the decreased expression of HAS2. In addition, we recently found that mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have a significant potential to stimulate the secretion of HA by NHDFs which was accompanied by significantly increased or decreased levels of mRNAs encoding HAS2 and HYBID, respectively. Our signaling analyses revealed that MAAs stimulate HA secretion by up-regulating HAS2 mRNA levels through activation of the intracellular signaling cascade consisting of p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1. These findings lead to the hypothesis that AX and MAAs can serve as prospective agents to ameliorate the deficiency of HA in chronologically or photo- aged skin.
Decreased contrast sensitivity at high altitude (2019)

High altitude exposure leads to decreased CS. Changes occur independent of AMS. This finding is of clinical importance to trekkers and mountaineers exposed to high altitude as visual processing in particular under mesopic conditions at dusk and dawn is altered. Furthermore, it provides novel insight into hypoxia related changes in CS function.
The dimensions of the tarsal sinus and canal in different foot positions and its clinical implications (2017)

This study presents a reference for the dimensions of the tarsal sinus and canal in healthy adults in different foot positions to facilitate understanding of the kinematics of the subtalar joint, the effect of an implant, and other clinical issues. In a 3D CT stress test on 20 subjects, the right foot was forced into a neutral and eight different extreme foot positions while CT scans were obtained. The bones were segmented in the neutral foot position. The kinematics of the bones in the extreme positions were determined relative to the neutral position. The dimensions of the tarsal sinus and canal were calculated by determining the radii of the maximal inscribed spheres at 20 equidistant locations along an axis in 3D surface models of the tali and calcanei in each foot position. The radii were small on the medial side and increased laterally. Medial from the middle, the radii were small and not significantly different among the various foot positions. At the lateral side, the dimensions were affected mainly by eversion or inversion and less by dorsiflexion or plantarflexion. The pattern was reproducible among subjects, but there were between-subject differences. The dimensions are mostly determined by rotation in the frontal plane. A pivot point was found medial from the middle. These data serve as a reference and model for predicting the effect of sinus implants and understanding such clinical problems as sinus tarsi syndrome. Between-subjects differences have to be taken into account. Clin. Anat. 30:1049-1057, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hierarchical covalent organic framework-foam for multi-enzyme tandem catalysis (2023)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal host matrices for biomolecule immobilization and biocatalysis due to their high porosity, various functionalities, and structural robustness. However, the porosity of COFs is limited to the micropore dimension, which restricts the immobilization of enzymes with large volumes and obstructs substrate flow during enzyme catalysis. A hierarchical 3D nanostructure possessing micro-, meso-, and macroporosity could be a beneficial host matrix for such enzyme catalysis. In this study, we employed an <i>in situ</i> CO<sub>2</sub> gas effervescence technique to induce disordered macropores in the ordered 2D COF nanostructure, synthesizing hierarchical TpAzo COF-foam. The resulting TpAzo foam matrix facilitates the immobilization of multiple enzymes with higher immobilization efficiency (approximately 1.5 to 4-fold) than the COF. The immobilized cellulolytic enzymes, namely β-glucosidase (BGL), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and endoglucanase (EG), remain active inside the TpAzo foam. The immobilized BGL exhibited activity in organic solvents and stability at room temperature (25 °C). The enzyme-immobilized TpAzo foam exhibited significant activity towards the hydrolysis of <i>p</i>-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (BGL@TpAzo-foam: <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> = 23.5 ± 3.5 mM and 497.7 ± 28.0 μM min<sup>-1</sup>) and carboxymethylcellulose (CBH@TpAzo-foam: <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> = 18.3 ± 4.0 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> and 85.2 ± 9.6 μM min<sup>-1</sup> and EG@TpAzo-foam: <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> = 13.2 ± 2.0 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> and 102.2 ± 7.1 μM min<sup>-1</sup>). Subsequently, the multi-enzyme immobilized TpAzo foams were utilized to perform a one-pot tandem conversion from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to glucose with high recyclability (10 cycles). This work opens up the possibility of synthesizing enzymes immobilized in TpAzo foam for tandem catalysis.
12 Biodegradable shape-memory polymers and composites (2021)

Polymers have recently been making media headlines in various negative ways. To combat the negative view of thosewith no polymer experience, sustainable and biodegradablematerials are constantly being researched. Shape-memory polymers, also known as SMPs, are a type of polymermaterial that is being extensively researched in the polymer industry. These SMPs can exhibit a change in shape because of an external stimulus. SMPs that are biodegradable or biocompatible are used extensively in medical applications. The use of biodegradable SMPs in themedical field has also led to research of thematerial in other applications. The following categories used to describe SMPs are discussed: net points, composition, stimulus, and shape-memory function. The addition of fillers or additives to the polymer matrix makes the SMP a polymer composite. Currently, biodegradable fillers are at the forefront of research because of the demand for sustainability. Common biodegradable fillers or fibers used in polymer composites are discussed in this chapter including Cordenka, hemp, and flax. Some other nonbiodegradable fillers commonly used in polymer composites are evaluated including clay, carbon nanotubes, bioactive glass, and Kevlar. The polymer and filler phase differences will be evaluated in this chapter. The recent advances in biodegradable shape-memory polymers and composites will provide a more positive perspective of the polymer industry and help to attain a more sustainable future.
Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: The Dual Syndrome Hypothesis (2012)

Research into the heterogeneous nature of cognitive impairment documented in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has focused on disentangling deficits that vary between individuals, evolve and respond differentially to pharmacological treatments, and relate differentially to PD dementia (PDD). We summarise studies conducted in our laboratory over the last 2 decades, outlining the incremental development of our hypotheses, the starting point for which is our early work on executive deficits mirroring fronto-striatal dysfunction. We present subsequent findings linking these deficits to a model of dopaminergic function that conforms to an inverted curvilinear function. We review studies that investigated the range of dopamine-independent attentional and visuospatial memory deficits seen in PD, demonstrating that abnormalities in these domains more accurately predict PDD. We conclude with an exposition of the dual syndrome hypothesis, which distinguishes between dopaminergically mediated fronto-striatal executive impairments and a dementia syndrome with distinctive prodromal visuospatial deficits in which cholinergic treatments offer some clinical benefits.
Draft Genome Sequences of Vancomycin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Related to Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate S. aureus (2014)

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of three vancomycin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. S. aureus strain MV8 is a sequence type 8 (ST-8) staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element type IV (SCC mec IV) derivative, while the other two strains ( S. aureus MM25 and MM61) are ST-5 SCC mec II strains. MM61 is also closely related to the heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strain MM66.
An analytical quality solid-state composite reference electrode (2013)

A new type of all-solid-state reference electrode was designed and characterized. The electrodes are based on a polymer/inorganic salt composite and a silver/silver chloride reference element. A rigorous testing procedure was used to reveal the possible influence of pH, solution composition, as well as the concentration and mobility of ions. The tests demonstrated the insensitivity of the electrodes to the matrix effects, excellent stability of the potential readings, and significantly reduced leakage of inorganic salt. In the performed tests the composite reference electrodes were on a par with or better than the high-quality commercial reference electrodes. The reference electrodes described here are of analytical quality allowing for continuous, prolonged, and intensive usage.
Test-Retest Reliability of Rating of Perceived Exertion and Agreement With 1-Repetition Maximum in Adults (2016)

Study Design Clinical measurement. Background It has been suggested that rating of perceived exertion (RPE) may be a useful alternative to 1-repetition maximum (1RM) to determine proper resistance exercise dosage. However, the test-retest reliability of RPE for resistance exercise has not been determined. Additionally, prior research regarding the relationship between 1RM and RPE is conflicting. Objectives The purpose of this study was to (1) determine test-retest reliability of RPE related to resistance exercise and (2) assess agreement between percentages of 1RM and RPE during quadriceps resistance exercise. Methods A sample of participants with and without knee pathology completed a series of knee extension exercises and rated the perceived difficulty of each exercise on a 0-to-10 RPE scale, then repeated the procedure 1 to 2 weeks later for test-retest reliability. To determine agreement between RPE and 1RM, participants completed knee extension exercises at various percentages of their 1RM (10% to 130% of predicted 1RM) and rated the perceived difficulty of each exercise on a 0-to-10 RPE scale. Percent agreement was calculated between the 1RM and RPE at each resistance interval. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated excellent test-retest reliability of RPE for quadriceps resistance exercises (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.895; 95% confidence interval: 0.866, 0.918). Overall percent agreement between RPE and 1RM was 60%, but agreement was poor within the ranges that would typically be used for training (50% 1RM for muscle endurance, 70% 1RM and greater for strength). Conclusion Test-retest reliability of perceived exertion during quadriceps resistance exercise was excellent. However, agreement between the RPE and 1RM was poor, especially in common training zones for knee extensor strengthening. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(9):768-774. Epub 5 Aug 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6498.
Digital Simulation of DC Links and AC Machines (1983)

This paper discusses the digital simulation of HVDC transmission and ac machines by an electromagnetic transients computer program. Ease in interfacing user written control system models with the network solution is presented along with discussion of means to simplify dc valve group representation in simulation. A working digital simulator has been developed enabling flexible in-house studies to be undertaken. Test results of its performance are presented.
Micellar head group size and reactivity in aromatic nucleophilic substitution (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicellar head group size and reactivity in aromatic nucleophilic substitutionRaimondo Germani, Gianfranco Savelli, Tiziana Romeo, Nicoletta Spreti, Giorgio Cerichelli, and Clifford A. BuntonCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 1, 55–60Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00025a015https://doi.org/10.1021/la00025a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of pumice‐supported nickel catalysts (1995)

Abstract Pumice‐supported nickel catalysts, prepared by the method of slow homogeneous precipitation with urea, were analysed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By comparison with similarly prepared silica‐ and alumina‐supported nickel catalysts, a preferential interaction of Ni 2+ with Al 3+ of the support has been determined. A quantitative XPS analysis indicated large segregation of nickel to the surface. The treatment with H 2 at 673 K and 1073 K produced a partial reduction of Ni +2 to Ni 0 . The extent of the reduction was largest at 1073 K and in this case the reduced Ni in the metallic phase was detectable by x‐ray diffraction. A decrease of the Ni 2p/Si 2p intensity ratio occurring in the lower temperature H 2 ‐treated catalysts was attributed to diffusion of nickel as Ni 2+ , as a consequence of a solid‐state reaction between nickel ions and support oxides, whereas the decrease of the intensity ratio in the high‐temperature reduced catalysts was attributed to sintering of the nickel particles and to diffusion of nickel atoms interacting with oxygen vacancies of the support.
Probability driven heuristic nets (2000)

Let a probability driven switch be defined as a switch of three input paths and three output paths. The status of the input paths defines a probability for each output path (as to whether it will generate a signal or not.) One output path is linked to one input path, so the results of the switch at time t can affect the switch at time t+1. A switch so constructed can be defined (by the probabilities) to take on the function of the standard logic gates (AND, OR, …) A net constructed of these switches can be “taught” by “reward” and “punish” algorithms to recognize input patterns. A simulation model showed that a repetitive learning algorithm coupled with a base knowledge (where new patterns are learned while continually checking past learned patterns) gives best results as a function of time. A good measure for the level of stability in response is to notice how many probabilities have converged to one or zero. The larger the number, the more stable the net.
On the Temperature Rise of Bodies Subjected to Unidirectional or Oscillating Frictional Heating and Surface Convective Cooling (2009)

A computationally efficient algorithm is presented for simulating the transient temperature in a body subjected to unidirectional sliding or oscillatory heat source along its boundary. The algorithm utilizes the combination of a finite element technique and a transfer matrix method. The method does not require direct simulation at each cycle and thus provides significant computation savings without the loss of accuracy. For a given system, the coefficient matrices are calculated only once and then applied to different sets of heat loads experienced by the same system. This method has application in manufacturing and tribological processes where the temperature rise due to surface heating must be taken into consideration. Illustrative examples are presented where a half space is subjected to a unidirectional sliding or oscillating heat source with consideration of convective cooling at the surface.