gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible and near-infrared image separation from CMYG color filter array based sensor (2016)

Simultaneous acquisition of visible and near-infrared images is useful for various image enhancement techniques. In this paper, we study a method for visible and near-infrared image separation from an image captured by a single sensor with cyan, magenta, yellow, and green color filter array. The proposed separation method is mathematically simple, and its hardware can be also implemented by only slight modification of conventional camera. Experimental results observed that a single CMYG-NIR mixed image can be separated into the RGB and MR images.
Magnetization spoiling in radial FLASH contrast‐enhanced MR digital subtraction angiography (2012)

Appropriate gradient spoiling in radial 2D MR DSA pulse sequences improves intracranial vascular depiction by eliminating circular banding artifacts. The proposed pulse sequence may provide a useful addition to clinically applied 2D MR DSA scans.
Deposition of Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering with a Grid Electrode: Plasma Parameters (1990)

Sputtering conditions of Y-Ba-Cu-O films with a grid electrode were discussed from the measurements of plasma parameters. A grounded grid electrode and a suitable negative substrate bias voltage were effective for the growth of oxide superconductors especially at a lower substrate temperature around 550°C. These conditions reduced the density of high-energy charged particles near the substrate and also de-energized those particles. The grid electrode was still effective at a relatively high gas pressure above 10 Pa, although a slight modification was required for the grid configuration.
Design of an STT-MTJ based true random number generator using digitally controlled probability-locked loop (2015)

This paper presents a design of a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) using a Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction (STT-MTJ) device. Since the probability of the STT-MTJ-based TRNG is locked using a digitally controlled feedback loop, the sensitivity of the feedback gain can be reduced greatly, which eliminates a high-gain amplifier in the feedback loop. It is demonstrated using the circuit simulator (NS-SPICE where the STT-MTJ model is established based on 90nm CMOS/MTJ process technologies) and MATLAB that the random sequences generated from the TRNG become 50%, where the gain of signal converters in the probability-locked loop is the precision of at most 9bit.
Iron‐Catalyzed, Atom‐Economical, Chemo‐ and Regioselective Alkene Hydroboration with Pinacolborane (2013)

Edles Eisen: Ein Eisenkomplex mit P,N,N-Ligand für katalytische Alkenhydroborierungen unter milden Bedingungen wurde entwickelt. Das System mit dem umweltverträglichen und leicht verfügbaren Katalysatormetall ist Edelmetallsystemen bei α-Olefin-Hydroborierungen mit Pinakolboran hinsichtlich Effizienz und Selektivität überlegen. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Letter: Fast Atom Bombardment, Electrospray, Ionspray and Tandem Mass Spectrometry of 1:1 β-Cyclodextrin/5-Methoxytryptamine Hydrochloride Host—Guest Complex: Host Protonation and Fragmentation Due to Guest Deamination (2000)

The 1:1 inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) with 5-methoxytryptamine (5MTA) hydrochloride was studied by mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem-MS with fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray (ES) and ionspray (IS) ionisation and triple quadrupole or ion trap analysers. A protonated 1:1 βCD/MTA gaseous association was always observed; the protonated species of deaminated 5MTA and of some typical βCD fragments were obtained, in addition to the expected protonated 5MTA, as tandem-MS dissociation products. A reaction pattern starting from the deamination of protonated 5MTA, as a recently described high pressure chemical ionisation or ES process of primary amines, was suggested, which accounts for the formation of excited protonated βCD and its fragmentation by tandem-MS, even under unimolecular conditions.
Pd(0)-Catalyzed Reduction of Aromatic Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes (2006)

This method is a further development of a previously published protocol of the acid chloride reduction in the presence of an organotin catalyst. Importantly, the authors have proven that a silane itself can be used as a reducing agent, thus avoiding the use of toxic tin compounds. The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature within an hour, and the yields are uniformly good. A halide substituent on the aryl ring remains intact during the reaction.
Magnesium Production by the Pidgeon Process Involving Dolomite Calcination and MgO Silicothermic Reduction:  Thermodynamic and Environmental Analyses (2008)

Thermochemical equilibrium calculations indicate the possibility of considerable fuel savings and CO2 emission avoidance in the three steps of the Pidgeon process: (a) calcination of dolomite; (b) production of ferrosilicon from quartz sand, coal, and iron oxide; (c) silicothermic reduction of calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon to magnesium. All three steps should benefit from application of concentrated solar energy as the source of high-temperature process heat, while the first two steps may be adapted to the coproduction of syngas. For the production of ferrosilicon, an experimental study was carried out by thermogravimetry as a model for a solar-driven process. The net reaction at 1823 K was shown to be represented by Fe2O3 + 4SiO2 + 11C → 2FeSi(s) + 10CO(g) + SiC(s) + SiO(g), confirmed by gas chromatographic analysis of the evolved CO and by XRD identification of the solid products FeSi and SiC. This product mixture agrees with that predicted for the thermochemical equilibrium, but differs from that reported in the literature for the electric arc process.
Abstract P785: The B Cell Response to Extracellular Glutamate in the Ischemic Brain (2021)

Background: Neuronal networks require significant neurotrophic support for functional plasticity after stroke. We showed that B cells exhibit a cell-specific migration pattern in the post-stroke brain. Post-stroke B cell depletion impedes neurogenesis, increases anxiety, and exacerbates memory deficits in mice; deficits generally mediated by brain regions occurring outside the initial infarct. We hypothesize that the post-stroke microenvironment can enhance neurotrophic capacities of B cells to promote plasticity. Methods: Splenic B cells were isolated from 3-5 mo-old male C57Bl/6J mice. B cell N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits were identified by confocal microscopy. The acute (8 min) Ca 2+ response to 1uM glutamate (glu) +/- NMDAR antagonists (10uM DAPV (competitive NMDAR inhibitor), 30uM ifenprodil (ifen., GluN2B subunit inhibitor), and 10uM TCN201 (GluN2A subunit inhibitor)) was assessed via flow cytometry in B cells (+/- 5ug/mL LPS). B cell viability and neurotrophin (NT)-related genes were assessed by flow cytometry and qPCR, respectively, in B cells (+/- LPS) treated with glu +/- NMDAR antagonists for 24h. Data were analyzed in Graphpad Prism. Results: B cells express functional GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs that influx Ca 2+ in response to extracellular glu (*p&lt;0.05). While LPS did not impact NMDAR-dependent Ca 2+ influx in most B cell subsets, Ca 2+ influx was significantly reduced by NMDAR antagonists in LPS-stimulated B cells (Effector B cells (DAPV *p&lt;0.05, ifen **p&lt;0.01), Bregs (DAPV *p&lt;0.05, Ifen *p&lt;0.05), B220 + antibody-secreting cells (ifen *p&lt;0.05, TCN201 *p&lt;0.05)). Furthermore, a 24h glu treatment increased NT (BDNF: 2.28-fold, IL-10: 27.16-fold), NT receptor (TrkB: 1.33-fold) and NMDAR (GluN2A: 2.01-fold, GluN2B: 1.27-fold) expression in LPS-stimulated B cells (vs. untreated controls). Conclusions: Our studies show that B cells respond to glu via NMDARs. Our data suggests that exposure to physiologic levels of glu enhance NMDAR-dependent signaling and upregulate NTs and NT receptors. These results are the first to indicate a glu-induced neurotrophic role for B cells in the ischemic brain. Future studies will determine whether B cell-derived NTs can protect neurons after stroke.
Buddhist Scriptures “Ad Usum Populi”: Notes on Early Medieval Apocrypha found in Dunhuang (2017)

International audience
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of a Novel Pathogenic Missense Variant and Analysis of the Mutational Spectrum of ALDH5A1 (2020)

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare, monogenic disorder affecting the degradation of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). Pathogenic variants in the <i>ALDH5A1</i> gene that cause an enzymatic dysfunction of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) lead to an accumulation of potentially toxic metabolites, including γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Here, we present a patient with a severe phenotype of SSADHD caused by a novel genetic variant c.728T > C that leads to an exchange of leucine to proline at residue 243, located within the highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)<sup>+</sup> binding domain of SSADH. Proline harbors a pyrrolidine within its side chain known for its conformational rigidity and disruption of protein secondary structures. We investigate the effect of this novel variant in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. We furthermore examine the mutational spectrum of all previously described disease-causing variants and computationally assess all biologically possible missense variants of <i>ALDH5A1</i> to identify mutational hotspots.
Study on the Copper-Chemical Mechanical Polishing Method Using Water-Soluble Fullerenol Slurry (2009)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a key process used for the multilayer copper interconnects. In recent years, the most common problem encountered in this regard is the inability of conventional abrasive grains to adapt to the nextgeneration semiconductors owing to their large particle sizes. Hence, this study proposes a water-soluble fullerenol (C60(OH)36) as a novel abrasive grain for Cu-CMP because of its advantageous features such as high water solubility and uniformity of particle size (1 nm); further, there is no risk of contamination of the metal when using C60(OH)36. In this paper, the excellent grain abrasive properties of C60(OH)36 and its chemical affinity for copper are reported. It is experimentally confirmed that owing to its high chemical reactivity, a slurry containing C60(OH)36 can be used to improve the rms surface roughness from 20 to 0.5 nm.
Molecular Mechanism of Physical Gelation of Hydrocarbons by Fatty Acid Amides of Natural Amino Acids. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Noxiustoxin, a short-chain toxin from the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius, induces transmitter release by blocking K+ permeability (1986)

Noxiustoxin (NTX), a 39 amino acid peptide purified from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius, has been shown to block voltage-dependent K+ currents in the squid giant axon (Possani et al., 1982; Carbone et al., 1982). Although several other drugs known as K+ channel blockers in the squid axon also act on isolated nerve terminals to produce an increase in transmitter release, these releasing effects have not been shown to be related to a decrease of K+ permeability in synaptosomes (Vizi et al., 1977; Tapia and Sitges, 1982). In this work we show that NTX increases 3H-GABA release from perfused mouse brain synaptosomes. This effect was not blocked by TTX. Ca2+ channel blockers (verapamil or Co2+) or the absence of external Ca2+ prevents the releasing effect of this toxin. NTX does not seem to induce transmitter release by directly increasing Ca2+ permeability: The K+ ionophore valinomycin completely inhibits the release induced by NTX, as well as that evoked by the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine; in contrast, the release evoked by a Ca2+ ionophore is not blocked by valinomycin. These findings strongly suggest that the releasing effect of NTX is mediated by a decrease in K+ permeability. External Ca2+ is needed only in order to couple this stimulus with the release process. Consistent with this hypothesis, we present evidence that NTX blocks the efflux of 86Rb+ from synaptosomes. An extended comparison of the effect of 4-aminopyridine with that of NTX is also reported.
Controlling strategies to maximize reliability of integrated photo-electrochemical devices exposed to realistic disturbances (2019)

We numerically investigate the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by integrated photo-electrochemical (IPEC) devices and assess their response to time-dependent changes in the boundary conditions and the material properties.
The Glycosphingolipid, Lactosylceramide, Regulates β1-Integrin Clustering and Endocytosis (2005)

Glycosphingolipids are known to play roles in integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration; however, the mechanisms by which glycosphingolipids affect integrins are unknown. Here, we show that addition of the glycosphingolipid, C8-lactosylceramide (C8-LacCer), or free cholesterol to human fibroblasts at 10 degrees C causes the formation of glycosphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane domains as shown by visualizing a fluorescent glycosphingolipid probe, BODIPY-LacCer, incorporated into the plasma membrane of living cells. Addition of C8-LacCer or cholesterol to cells initiated the clustering of beta1-integrins within these glycosphingolipid-enriched domains and the activation of the beta1-integrins as assessed using a HUTS antibody that only binds activated integrin. On warming to 37 degrees C, beta1-integrins were rapidly internalized via caveolar endocytosis in cells treated with C8-LacCer or cholesterol, whereas little beta1-integrin was endocytosed in untreated fibroblasts. Incubation of cells with C8-LacCer or cholesterol followed by warm-up caused src activation, a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, translocation of RhoA GTPase away from the plasma membrane as visualized using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and transient cell detachment. These studies show that LacCer can regulate integrin function both by modulating integrin clustering in microdomains and by regulating integrin endocytosis via caveolae. Our findings suggest the possibility that aberrant levels of glycosphingolipids found in cancer cells may influence cell attachment events by direct effects on integrin clustering and internalization.
<title>Photodegradation of fluoride glass blue fiber laser</title> (1997)

The first demonstration of blue upconversion fiber lasers in Tm-ZBLAN has generated considerable interest among laser scientists looking for all-solid-state visible sources. Although initial experiments have shown a large conversion efficiency, a good spatial beam quality and an overall simplicity of the approach, these sources have not yet appeared on the market. In an attempt to reproduce these early results, many research teams including our own have encountered unexplained and detrimental start-up effects in these lasers. We have recently shown that this behavior is the result of photochromic damage in the fluoride fibers generated by the infrared pumping source. Progressive build- up of photoinduced loss ultimately prevents operation of the device. The photoinduced absorption spectrum extends from the UV to the near infrared, with three major bands centered around 300 nm, 500 nm and 800 nm. Pump-probe experiments show that the damage mechanism depends on the Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration and that it follows a fourth power dependence on the pumping intensity. Further investigation has revealed that photobleaching of the defects is possible using visible and near infrared radiation. The residual absorption spectrum following photobleaching suggests that three different species of defects are created. One type of defects is related to the 800 nm band and can be permanently removed. The other two are only temporarily removed by photobleaching and reappear on a time-scale of a few minutes. In addition, thermal bleaching can completely erase the defects in certain fibers. This paper summarizes the current understanding of photoinduced phenomena occurring in Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>-ZBLAN fibers.
Impact of the resist properties on the antisticking layer degradation in UV nanoimprint lithography (2010)

International audience
Site-specific Differences in Gene Expression of Secreted Proteins in the Mouse Lung: Comparison of Methods to Show Differences by Location (2010)

Studies on the effects of pulmonary toxicants on the lung often overlook the fact that site-specific changes are likely to occur in response to chemical exposure. These changes can be highly focal and may be undetected by methods that do not examine specific lung regions. This problem is especially acute for studies of the conducting airways. In this study, differential gene expression of secreted proteins in the lung by different methods of collection (whole lung, gross airway microdissection, and laser capture microdissection) and by airway levels (whole lobe, whole airway tree, proximal airways, airway bifurcations, and terminal bronchioles) was examined. Site-specific sampling approaches were combined with methods to detect both gene and corresponding protein expression in different lung regions. Differential expression of mRNA by both airway level and lung region was determined for Clara cell secretory protein, calcitonin gene-related peptide, uteroglobin-related protein 2, surfactant protein A, and surfactant protein C. Therefore, for maximal enrichment of mRNA and maximal ability to identify changes in mRNA levels in the diseased state or in response to chemical exposure, it is critical to choose the appropriate airway region and sample collection method to enrich detection of the transcript(s) of interest.
Public Entrepreneurs: Who They are and How They Operate (1986)

Most studies of entrepreneurship look at private entrepreneurs. This article introduces the concept of and illustrates it with examples from public enterprises in the U.S. and abroad. This article explores the similarities and differences in the personal characteristics of public and private entrepreneurs as well as the public entrepreneur9s strategies for getting around well-known barriers to entrepreneurship in the public sector. Many of these methods can be used by the public manager to become more effective in his or her job. Finally, the article raises policy issues about how society can best harness the power of public entrepreneurs.
Laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry of aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in vapor-deposited parent molecule matrixes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-induced fluorescence spectrometry of aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in vapor-deposited parent molecule matrixesCharles F. Pace and Jon R. MapleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 4, 940–945Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00281a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00281a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photochemical Chlorocarbonylation: Simple Synthesis of Polynitroadamantanes and Polynitrocubanes (1996)

A novel photochemical methodology for the selective functionalization of adamantane and cubane has been developed. In this method, versatile chloro-carbonyl groups, precursors to nitro groups, are introduced at the 1,3,5,7- positions of the adamantane and cubane skeletons leading to efficient syntheses of 1,3,5,7-tetranitroadamantane and 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane.
Maximum power-point tracking of high altitude wind power generating system using optimal vector control technique (2015)

In a high altitude wind power (HAWP) generating system, the generation of wind power is carried out at high altitude above the earth surface and control of power generation is accomplished at the ground based station. Three phase medium-voltage permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used as the source of power generation in the air-borne unit. The ground based power electronic converters (PECs) are used for maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) of the air-borne wind turbine (AWT). Optimal torque/vector control of the PMSG is best suited for MPPT of HAWP application. The proposed method does not use mechanical sensor in the air-borne system to measure the rotor position. The phase-lock-loop (PLL) is employed to estimate the rotor position, which is used for calculation of MPPT torque/current reference. The AWT is controlled using ground based power conversion system comprising of three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) rectifier for generation side MPPT control. The proposed MPPT control algorithm of the PMSG is validated using MATLAB/Simulink. A 1 kW PMSG generation system prototype is designed in the laboratory and used for experimental validation of the proposed MPPT method.
The effective mobility of MOS transistors on insulating substrates (1970)

One of the most important electrical parameters in evaluating the performance of MOS transistors is the effective mobility of minoprity carriers in the inversion layer of the device. Published results have examined the dependence of the effective mobility on substrate orientation and doping, Si-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface state density, gate electric field, and temperature. All of the above work has been performed on bulk silicon having a high degree of crystal perfection.