gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive chemistry via the redox switching of microdroplets of 4-nitrophenyl nonyl ether in the presence of aqueous electrolytes (2003)

The voltammetry of 4-nitrophenyl nonyl ether is studied in the form of microdroplets immobilised on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode surface immersed into aqueous electrolytes. A complex series of electron and proton transfers are voltammetrically initiated at the three-phase junction comprising electrode|4-nitrophenyl nonyl ether|aqueous electrolyte. In buffered aqueous solutions at acidic pH values, it is shown that 4-nitrophenyl nonyl ether is reduced in a six-electron, six-proton step to the corresponding aniline; at alkaline pH values, two voltammetric waves are present, attributed to a four-electron, four-proton wave followed by a two-electron, two-proton signal. In addition, alkali-metal cation insertion is shown to compete with proton addition to counter the negative charge injected into the organic phase.
Long-term effects of transduodenal sphincterotomy: symptoms and hepatobiliary function. (1999)

Transduodenal sphincterotomy results in decreased flatulence and enhanced common bile duct drainage, even in the long-term period, but slightly higher serum liver funtion tests, when compared to supraduodenal choledochotomy.
Molecular Self-Assembly into One-Dimensional Nanostructures (2008)

Self-assembly of small molecules into one-dimensional nanostructures offers many potential applications in electronically and biologically active materials. The recent advances discussed in this Account demonstrate how researchers can use the fundamental principles of supramolecular chemistry to craft the size, shape, and internal structure of nanoscale objects. In each system described here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the assembly morphology. Circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and optical spectroscopy provided additional information about the self-assembly behavior in solution at the molecular level. Dendron rod-coil molecules self-assemble into flat or helical ribbons. They can incorporate electronically conductive groups and can be mineralized with inorganic semiconductors. To understand the relative importance of each segment in forming the supramolecular structure, we synthetically modified the dendron, rod, and coil portions. The self-assembly depended on the generation number of the dendron, the number of hydrogen-bonding functions, and the length of the rod and coil segments. We formed chiral helices using a dendron-rod-coil molecule prepared from an enantiomerically enriched coil. Because helical nanostructures are important targets for use in biomaterials, nonlinear optics, and stereoselective catalysis, researchers would like to precisely control their shape and size. Tripeptide-containing peptide lipid molecules assemble into straight or twisted nanofibers in organic solvents. As seen by AFM, the sterics of bulky end groups can tune the helical pitch of these peptide lipid nanofibers in organic solvents. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for pitch control using trans-to-cis photoisomerization of a terminal azobenzene group. Other molecules called peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are known to assemble in water into cylindrical nanostructures that appear as nanofiber bundles. Surprisingly, TEM of a PA substituted by a nitrobenzyl group revealed assembly into quadruple helical fibers with a braided morphology. Upon photocleavage of this the nitrobenzyl group, the helices transform into single cylindrical nanofibers. Finally, inspired by the tobacco mosaic virus, we used a dumbbell-shaped, oligo(phenylene ethynylene) template to control the length of a PA nanofiber self-assembly (<10 nm). AFM showed complete disappearance of long nanofibers in the presence of this rigid-rod template. Results from quick-freeze/deep-etch TEM and dynamic light scattering demonstrated the templating behavior in aqueous solution. This strategy could provide a general method to control size the length of nonspherical supramolecular nanostructures.
Model- and Deep Learning-Based Bandwidth and Carrier Frequency Allocation in Distributed Radar Networks (2023)

Optimum allocation of bandwidth and carrier frequency in a network of distributed radar nodes is an important non-trivial research problem. In this paper, we propose both model- and deep learning-based joint bandwidth and carrier frequency allocation algorithms for a network consisting of a central coordinator and distributed radar nodes, each operating in a monostatic mode. With an objective of enabling poor performing radar nodes, that observe low target signal-to-noise-interference ratio (SINR) values, benefit from distributed collaboration, we propose model-based max-min approach, in which we maximize the minimum of the SINRs observed by all nodes, under total bandwidth and individual node's range resolution (RR) constraints. This optimization is non-convex, but we solve it efficiently utilizing an explicit relationship between bandwidth and carrier frequencies, and the fact that each node's SINR is a monotonically decreasing function of bandwidth and carrier frequency allocated to the node. We propose two iterative optimization methods that employ successive convex approximation with a) semidefinite programming (SDP) and b) geometric programming (GP) problem formulations. Computer simulations show the performance of the proposed methods under different RR requirements, which significantly outperform the equal bandwidth allocation (EBWA) method and enable poor performing nodes to enhance their individual SINRs significantly. The solutions of this model-based optimization and target locations are then used, respectively, as labels and input, to train a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The trained network can significantly reduce the online run-time complexity of the bandwidth and carrier frequency allocation in distributed radar networks.
Automatic Road Extraction Using Seeded Region Growing with Mixed ART Method for DSM Data (2012)

In this paper, we introduce another approach for road extraction from Digital Surface Model (DSM) Data. DSM Data is based on elevation of the surface, and the benefit of using the DSM data is to avoid the problem that caused by shadow of the building, trees and so on. For road extraction, we use a fundamental technique using segmentation processing. First, we employ the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) Model; we use Fuzzy ART and Symmetric Fuzzy ART (S Fuzzy ART) method, the unsupervised learning for analog patterns. However, this method should be followed a labeling process to separate the same cluster but in the different region. Therefore, this method requires a relatively long processing time. The second approach for segmentation uses the region growing method based on a similarity criterion. A threshold should be provided to measure the homogeneous of the region with the adjacent. However, to determine a threshold is not easy. In this paper, we proposed a Mixed ART that combines the Fuzzy ART and S Fuzzy ART method. Furthermore, we compromise the Mixed ART method and the Region Growing method to improve the performance. This method uses the Region Growing for segmentation process and uses the resonance approach for homogeneity measurement. The advantage of using the Region Growing method, we could control the seed point to achieve a satisfactory performance for extracting the road. The experimental result shows that the proposed method increases the performance up to four times faster without sacrificing the quality.
CloudJet4BigData: Streamlining Big Data via an Accelerated Socket Interface (2014)

Big data needs to feed users with fresh processing results and cloud platforms can be used to speed up big data applications. This paper describes a new data communication protocol (CloudJet) for long distance and large volume big data accessing operations to alleviate the large latencies encountered in sharing big data resources in the clouds. It encapsulates a dynamic multi-stream/multi-path engine at the socket level, which conforms to Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) and thereby can accelerate any POSIX-compatible applications across IP based networks. It was demonstrated that CloudJet accelerates typical big data applications such as very large database (VLDB), data mining, media streaming and office applications by up to tenfold in real-world tests.
Water Transfer Printing Enhanced by Water‐Induced Pattern Expansion: Toward Large‐Area 3D Electronics (2019)

Abstract Perfectly wrapping planar electronics to complex 3D surfaces represents a major challenge in the manufacture of conformable electronics. Intuitively, thinner electronics are easier to conform to curved surfaces but they usually require a supporting substrate for handling. The water transfer printing (WTP) technology utilizes water surface tension to keep ultrathin electronics floating flat without supporting substrate, enabling their conformal transfer on 3D surfaces through a dipping process. In many cases, however, the size of the microfabricated electronics is much smaller than the target 3D surface. This work proposes that such mismatch in size can be overcome by leveraging stretchable electronics in WTP. Stretchable electronics are compliant to in‐plane stretch induced by water surface tension, hence can first self‐expand in water and then be transferred onto 3D objects. Uniaxial and biaxial expansion ranging from 41% to 166% has been achieved without any externally applied tension. The results demonstrate that expansion‐enhanced WTP is a promising fabrication process for conformable electronics on large 3D surfaces.
Measurement of Capillary Pressures in Small Core Samples (1945)

Abstract An apparatus and method is described whereby the relation between saturationand capillary pressure under decreasing saturation can be quickly determinedfor small core samples. The initially saturated core is centrifuged atincreasing rates and the average saturation is measured at each rate with theaid of a stroboscope device. A theory and calculation procedure is givenwhereby the accelerations and saturation values can be converted into a truecurve of capillary pressure versus saturation. The present work differs from previously described use of the centrifuge toobtain capillary-pressure curves of core samples' in that the core iscentrifuged alone, so that the whole range of saturations required by theproperties of the sample and the radially varying centrifugal force occurswithin the sample. The calculation procedure nevertheless secures correctresults from simply obtained values of the average saturation. The apparatus described was developed in connection with studies of capillarypressure and wetting of oil-field rocks, and the paper provides the apparatusbackground for a previous publication dealing more fully with the uses andimplications of the data in petroleum engineering. The method is applicable, however, to general combinations of immiscible fluids and porous or comminutedsolids, and may be useful in other fields. Introduction The importance of capillary phenomena in determining the behavior of liquids inporous media has long been recognized. The concept of capillary pressure wasearly formulated, and in recent years discussions of the application of thelaws of capillarity to oil field problems have appeared. One reason whyprogress in the application of capillary phenomena to the solution of problemsof reservoir mechanics has not been more rapid has been the lack of asatisfactory technique for measuring the capillary pressures in reservoirrocks. It is the principal purpose of this paper to describe a method by whichthe relation between capillary pressure and saturation can be determined forsmall consolidated core samples which have been extracted andresaturated. Capillary Diaphragm Perhaps the most direct way to measure the capillary pressure in a rock is tomake piezometric contact with the wetting liquid through a diaphragm of porousmaterial with high displacement pressure saturated with the liquid in question.The liquid in the diaphragm assumes the pressure of the liquid in the core, which can then be measured with a manometer, while the atmospheric air isprevented by capillarity from entering the diaphragm and affecting the pressuremeasurements as long as the displacement pressure of the diaphragm is notexceeded. T.P. 1817
Quantification of Single Fluid Inclusions by Combining Synchrotron Radiation-Induced μ-X-ray Fluorescence and Transmission (2004)

Fluid inclusions represent the only direct samples of ancient fluids in many crustal rocks; precise knowledge of their chemical composition provides crucial information to model paleofluid-rock interactions and hydrothermal transport processes. Owing to its nondestructive character, micrometer-scale spatial resolution, and high sensitivity, synchrotron radiation-induced micro-X-ray fluorescence has received great interest for the in situ multielement analysis of individual fluid inclusions. Major uncertainties associated with the quantitative analysis of single fluid inclusions arise from the inclusion depth and the volume of fluid sampled by the incident beam. While the depth can be extracted directly from the fluorescence spectrum, its volume remains a major source of uncertainty. The present study performed on natural and synthetic inclusions shows that the inclusion thickness can be accurately evaluated from transmission line scans. Experimental data matched numerical simulations based on an elliptical inclusion geometry. However, for one nonelliptical inclusion, the experimental data were confirmed using a computed absorption tomography reconstruction. Good agreement between the imaging and scanning techniques implies that the latter provides reliable fluid thickness values independent of the shape of the inclusion. Taking into consideration the incident angle, the incident beam energy, the inclusion fluid salinity, and the transmission measurement stability resulted in errors of 0.3-2 microm on calculated fluid inclusion thicknesses.
Cooling system for rotating machine (2023)

An electrical machine comprising a rotor is presented. The electrical machine includes the rotor disposed on a rotatable shaft and defining a plurality of radial protrusions extending from the shaft up to a periphery of the rotor. The radial protrusions having cavities define a fluid path. A stationary shaft is disposed concentrically within the rotatable shaft wherein an annular space is formed between the stationary and rotatable shaft. A plurality of magnetic segments is disposed on the radial protrusions and the fluid path from within the stationary shaft into the annular space and extending through the cavities within the radial protrusions.
Fluctuation and modulation transport studies in the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) torsatron* (1993)

The Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) torsatron [Fusion Technol. 10, 179 (1986)] has completed experiments focusing on microwave scattering measurements of density fluctuations and transport studies utilizing the modulation of dimensionless parameters. Microwave scattering measurements of electron density fluctuations in the core of low-collisionality electron cyclotron heated (ECH) plasmas show features that might be evidence of trapped electron instabilities. Starting from gyro-Bohm scaling, the additional dependence of confinement on the dimensionless parameters ν* and β (collisionality and beta) has been investigated by modulating each of these parameters separately, revealing the additional favorable dependence, τE∝τgBν*−0.18β+0.3.
Permanganate ion oxidations. 14. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes in acid media (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPermanganate ion oxidations. 14. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes in acid mediaFillmore Freeman, Doris K. Lin, and Gregory R. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 1, 56–59Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00340a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00340a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Promise of Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Proteins as Anthelmintics (2012)

Bacillus thuringiensis crystal (Cry) proteins are the most widely used biological insecticides in the world. Their value in safely controlling insects that destroy crops and transmit human diseases is well established. Here, we review B. thuringiensis Cry proteins as novel anthelmintics with a unique mode of action. In laboratory studies, Cry proteins are highly effective against a broad range of free-living roundworms and parasitic roundworms that infect plants and animals. Cry5B is therapeutic for two different intestinal roundworm parasitic infections – one in mice and the other in hamsters. The latter infection involves a minor hookworm parasite of humans, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, which is closely related to the more prevalent Ancylostoma duodenale. Therapy is observed despite the fact that much of the protein is likely degraded in the stomach prior to reaching the parasites. Cry21A is also therapeutic in mice infected with the roundworm parasite, Heligmosomoides bakeri. Cry proteins offer excellent combinatorial therapeutic properties with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists – one of two classes of compounds approved by the World Health Organization for treatment of intestinal roundworms in humans. Given their nontoxicity to humans and their broad spectrum of nematicidal action, Cry proteins show great potential as next-generation anthelmintics.
Trends in augmented reality tracking, interaction and display: A review of ten years of ISMAR (2008)

Although Augmented Reality technology was first developed over forty years ago, there has been little survey work giving an overview of recent research in the field. This paper reviews the ten-year development of the work presented at the ISMAR conference and its predecessors with a particular focus on tracking, interaction and display research. It provides a roadmap for future augmented reality research which will be of great value to this relatively young field, and also for helping researchers decide which topics should be explored when they are beginning their own studies in the area.
Data‐based fault‐tolerant control for uncertain linear systems with actuator faults (2016)

This study investigates the robust adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem for unknown continuous‐time linear systems with parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and actuator faults such as stuck, outage and loss of effectiveness. It is assumed that the upper bounds of the disturbances and stuck faults are unknown. A new data‐based FTC scheme is proposed in a parameter‐dependent form. The time‐varying parameters are adjusted online based on an adaptive method to compensate automatically the uncertainties, disturbances and actuator faults. The time‐invariant parameter solved by using real system data is introduced for helping to stabilise the system. Furthermore, it is shown that all signals in the resulting closed‐loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded and the states converge asymptotically to zero. Compared with the existing results, the proposed approach is data based and it is easier to implement. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Localization using ambiguous bearings from radio signal strength (2011)

This paper presents the locomotion approach of a novel quadruped robot which is able to carry various effectors for achieving manufacturing tasks in large workspaces. Equipped with lockers on some of the passive joints and clamping devices at the end of its limbs, this quadruped uses eight actuators for achieving manufacturing tasks as well as locomotion tasks. In the following sections, we first present the proposed robot and its two working modes. Then, the locking strategy of the robot is formulated as an optimization problem. Also, a practical method for managing the limbs swinging movement is addressed. At last, the presented approach is applied on two concrete examples. Possessing a low degree of kinematic redundancy, the proposed quadruped shows a reasonable locomotion capacity which allows it to achieve locomotion with respect to some extra constrains in its workspaces.
Alkylation and rearrangement of lithiated 3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazoles (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation and rearrangement of lithiated 3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazolesJames E. Oliver, Rolland M. Waters, and William R. LusbyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 20, 4970–4973Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00281a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00281a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts