gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis for the Assessment of Different Lots of Fetal Bovine Serum as a Raw Material for Cell Culture. Part IV. Application of Proteomics to the Manufacture of Biological Drugs (2006)

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most widely used growth supplement for cell cultures, primarily because of its high levels of growth stimulatory factors and low levels of growth inhibitory factors. Maintaining successful and consistent cell fermentations can be difficult, as FBS is a complex natural product and may vary from lot to lot even from a single manufacturer. The quality and concentration of both bulk and specific proteins can affect cell growth. Quality control tools for FBS are relatively primitive and expensive given the complexity of the sample and the large amounts of FBS used. We undertook this study to examine whether proteomics could be used as a tool to analyze the variability of different fermentation processes. We hypothesized that inconsistent cell growth in fermentations could be due to the quality of FBS and that different lots of FBS had varying concentrations of proteins such as growth stimulatory factors, growth inhibitory factors, and/or other proteins that may correlate with cellular growth rate. To investigate whether this was the case, we grew three batches of adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) using three different lots of fetal bovine serum (FBS-Ia, FBS-Ib, and FBS-II). We found that the growth rate of the culture was significantly and consistently higher in the FBS-II lot. To determine why the other lots promoted different growth properties, we used proteomic techniques to analyze the protein composition of the three lots. We then performed a time course study to monitor specific changes in individual proteins in the fermentation medium. The amount of several extracellular matrix and structural proteins, which are indicators of cell growth, increased over time. Alternatively, components supplied by the FBS addition, such as nutritional-related and cell-spreading-related proteins, decreased over time.
Relationship between Chemical Bonding Nature and Electrochemical Property of LiMn2O4 Spinel Oxides with Various Particle Sizes:  “Electrochemical Grafting” Concept (1999)

Systematic Mn 2p XPS and Mn K-edge XAS analyses together with the electrochemical measurement have been carried out for the spinel LiMn2O4 prepared at various sintering temperatures in order to elucidate an origin of the dependence of electrochemical properties on synthetic conditions. From the comparative experiments, it becomes clear that a lowering of synthetic temperature gives rise to an increase of structural disorder and of the average oxidation state of manganese, which is more prominent on the surface than in the bulk. Such results suggest that the modification of surface property induced by a decrease of particle size is closely related to the electrochemical performance. The nanocrystalline LiMn2O4 prepared at 250 °C shows excellent cyclability at the 3 V region compared to that of microcrystalline LiMn2O4 prepared at 700 °C. For the purpose of examining the evolution of the chemical bonding nature of inserted lithium, 7Li MAS NMR studies have been performed for both the spinel compounds before and after Li+ intercalation. While the intercalation of 0.2 mol Li+ does not induce any remarkable spectral change for the microcrystalline LiMn2O4, it leads to a dramatic suppression of the NMR signal for the nanocrystalline LiMn2O4, indicating that the process of grafting Li into the latter phase results in significant modifications of the chemical environment of lithium. On the basis of present experimental findings, it can be concluded that the lowering of synthetic temperature modifies the surface properties, which facilitates the grafting process of Li+ ion and, thereby, enhances the electrochemical properties for the 3 V region corresponding to the Li insertion.
HIMeg-1, a cell line derived from a CML patient, is capable of monocytic and megakaryocytic differentiation. (1995)

We have characterized HIMeg-1, a subclone of the promegakaryoblastic cell line HIMeg, in terms of its capability of proliferation and differentiation when it is exposed to various agents. We observed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) arrested HIMeg-1 growth and induced expression of monocytic surface antigens CD11c and CD14, but not the megakaryocytic surface antigen CD14a. In addition, PMA treatment of HIMeg-1 led to rapid activation of mRNA expression of egr-1, a transcription factor involved in regulating differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. On the other hand, treatment of HIMeg-1 with the activated peripheral blood lymphocyte-conditioned medium (PBL-CM) resulted in greatly enhanced incorporation of 3H-thymidine into newly synthesized DNA. This enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation appears to be specific to HIMeg-1 since the same concentrations of PBL-CM had little effect on the growth of the megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line SAM-1. The PBL-CM-induced DNA synthesis in HIMeg-1 was associated with activation of CD41a and CD41b surface antigen expression and down-regulation of expression of the erythroid marker glycophorin A and the early myeloid surface antigen CD33. HIMeg-1 capable of responding differentially to PMA and PBL-CM by changing its growth rate as well as its differentiation patterns will provide an ideal model to study the underlying mechanism regulating lineage restriction of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Enabling Dynamic Security Management of Networked Systems via Device-Embedded Security (2000)

Abstract: "This report contains the technical content of a recent funding proposal. In it, we propose a new approach to network security in which each individual device erects its own security perimeter and defends its own critical resources. Together with conventional border defenses (e.g., firewalls and OS kernels), such self-securing devices could provide a flexible infrastructure for dynamic prevention, detection, diagnosis, isolation, and repair of successful breaches in borders and device security perimeters. Managing network security is difficult in current systems, because a small number of border protections are used to protect a large number of resources. We plan to explore the fundamental principles and practical costs/benefits of embedding security functionality into infrastructural devices, such as network interface cards (NICs), network-attached storage (NAS) devices, video surveillance equipment, and network switches and routers. The report offers several examples of how different devices might be extended with embedded security functionality and outlines some challenge [sic] of designing and managing self-securing devices."
Polygenic risk score as a determinant of risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in a European-descent renal transplant cohort (2018)

Renal transplant recipients have an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) compared to in the general population. Here, we show polygenic risk scores (PRS) calculated from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of NMSC in a general, nontransplant setting, can predict risk of, and time to posttransplant skin cancer. Genetic variants, reaching predefined P-value thresholds were chosen from published squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) nontransplant GWAS. Using these GWAS, BCC and SCC PRS were calculated for each sample across three European ancestry renal transplant cohorts (n = 889) and tested as predictors of case:control status and time to NMSC posttransplant. BCC PRS calculated at P-value threshold 1 × 10<sup>-5</sup> was the most significant predictor of case:control status of NMSC posttransplant (OR = 1.61; adjusted P = .0022; AUC [full model adjusted for clinical predictors and PRS] = 0.81). SCC PRS at P-value threshold 1 × 10<sup>-5</sup> was the most significant predictor of time to posttransplant NMSC (adjusted P = 9.39 × 10<sup>-7</sup> ; HR = 1.41, concordance [full model] = 0.74). PRS of nontransplant NMSC is predictive of case:control status and time to NMSC posttransplant. These results are relevant to how genomics can risk stratify patients to help develop personalized treatment regimens.
01: PD-L1 testing using concentrated 22C3 antibody: Results of the Swiss cross-validation study (2017)

Background: With the approval of the PD1 Inhibitor pembrolizumab for first line treatment of PD-L1+ NSCLC, PD-L1 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a necessity. However, the DAKO Autostainer AS48 for the FDA approved DAKO 22C3 PharmDX assay (22C3PhDX) is not available in Switzerland. The goal of this study was to cross validate the concentrated 22C3 antibody on the Ventana BenchMark Ultra and Leica Bond immunostainers. Methods: We developed protocols for the concentrated anti-PD-L1 22C3 antibody for both platforms. 22C3PhDX on the AS48 was used as standard. A tissue microarray was constructed from 23 NSCLC. Empty sections and the antibody were distributed to 16 participants to be stained on the Ventana (8) and/or Leica (12) platform. Central scoring and statistical evaluation was performed in Basel. We also tested the performance of the Ventana SP263 assay and Cell signaling E1L3N antibody in selected centers using local protocols. Results: There was strong variability of 22C3 PD-L1 tumor cell staining as a continuous variable for both platforms. Categorical PD-L1 staining (0–49% vs. 50–100%) did not significantly differ between the centers using Ventana, whereas data from Leica remained highly variable (p&lt;0.001). Staining on Leica was generally weaker than on Ventana compared to 22C3PhDX making scoring more tiresome and requiring a higher magnification. SP263 (4 centers) was highly concordant with 22C3 on Ventana and with P22C3PhDX, whereas E1L3N (3 centers) was strongly variable. Conclusions: PD-L1 IHC using a standardized protocol for 22C3 antibody on Ventana is feasible and provides satisfactory results in most centers, and also the approved SP263 assays is confirmed as a good alternative to 22C3PhDx. 22C3 PD-L1 IHC on Bond is currently not recommended due to major staining variability between centers. Local fine-tuning of IHC protocols and participation in ring trials are critical when laboratory developed 22C3 IHC is used.
Cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to static exercise in partially curarized humans (1997)

Neural control of the circulation was evaluated during static exercise in 19 subjects by the determination of heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) and plasma catecholamines. Influence from central command was evaluated during contractions with weakened muscles following partial curarization and reflex influence from metaboreceptors was assessed by post-exercise muscle ischaemia. Static handgrip increased HR and more so MAP and CO and MAP remained elevated during post-exercise muscle ischaemia. With partial curarization plasma catecholamines were also increased (P < 0.05). Two-leg extension increased all variables and during post-exercise muscle ischaemia elevations of HR, MAP and CO were maintained (P < 0.05). With partial curarization HR, MAP and plasma noradrenaline were even greater during the contraction. With the involvement of both legs during static exercise, reflex influence from the muscles elevated blood pressure by way of HR and CO and the importance of central command was detectable for HR and MAP as plasma catecholamines became elevated. However, the results indicate a separation between a central command influence on HR and CO related to an increase in plasma catecholamines during a handgrip, while the reflex influence on blood pressure was directed towards total peripheral resistance.
Sparse polynomial multiplication and division in Maple 14 (2011)

We demonstrate new routines for sparse multivariate polynomial multiplication and division over the integers that we have integrated into Maple 14 through the expand and divide commands. These routines are currently the fastest available, and the multiplication routine is parallelized with superlinear speedup. The performance of Maple is significantly improved. We describe our polynomial data structure and compare it with Maple's. Then we present benchmarks comparing Maple 14 with Maple 13, Magma, Mathematica, Singular, Pari, and Trip.
Dynamic Threshold Optimization - A New Approach? (2012)

Dynamic Threshold Optimization (DTO) adaptively "compresses" the decision space (DS) in a global search and optimization problem by bounding the objective function from below. This approach is different from "shrinking" DS by reducing bounds on the decision variables. DTO is applied to Schwefel's Problem 2.26 in 2 and 30 dimensions with good results. DTO is universally applicable, and the author believes it may be a novel approach to global search and optimization.
Physics of solid–liquid interfaces: From the Young equation to the superhydrophobicity (Review Article) (2016)

The state-of-art in the field of physics of phenomena occurring at solid/liquid interfaces is presented. The notions of modern physics of wetting are introduced and discussed including: the contact angle hysteresis, disjoining pressure and wetting transitions. The physics of low temperature wetting phenomena is treated. The general variational approach to interfacial problems, based on the application of the transversality conditions to variational problems with free endpoints is presented. It is demonstrated that main equations, predicting contact angles, namely the Young, Wenzel, and Cassie–Baxter equations arise from imposing the transversality conditions on the appropriate variational problem of wetting. Recently discovered effects such as superhydrophobicity, the rose petal effect and the molecular dynamic of capillarity are reviewed.
Environmental Stress-Induced Functional Modification of the Central Benzodiazepine Binding Site (1994)

The central benzodiazepine binding site mediates the therapeutically relevant pharmacologic actions of benzodiazepine agonists, including reducing anxiety, sedation, muscle relaxation, and antagonism of seizure production. Benzodiazepines potentiate the ability of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to promote membrane chloride ion conductance by binding reversibly to a distinct site on the GABAA receptor complex. Although the role of this central benzodiazepine binding site in mediating the pharmacologic actions of benzodiazepine agonists has been shown conclusively, its participation in an animal's response to stress is less certain. Data are reviewed consistent with an environmental stress-induced modification of the structure and function of the central benzodiazepine binding site. Modifications show brain anatomic regional selectivity. The mechanisms of these modifications include rapid enzyme-mediated phosphorylations of the GABAA receptor complex and the selective transcription of individual polypeptide subunits. The potential relevance of the data on environmental stress-induced functional modifications of the central benzodiazepine binding site to the development of newer medications and improved understanding of the pathophysiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed.
Children Develop Initial Orthographic Knowledge During Storybook Reading (2012)

We examined whether young children acquire orthographic knowledge during structured adult-led storybook reading even though minimal viewing time is devoted to print. Sixty-two kindergarten children were read 12 storybook “chapters” while their eye movements were tracked. Results indicated that the children quickly acquired initial mental graphemic representations of target nonwords. This learning occurred even though they focused on the target nonwords approximately one fourth of the total time while viewing the pages. Their ability to acquire the initial orthographic representations of the target nonwords and their viewing time was affected by the linguistic statistical regularities of the words. The results provide evidence of orthographic learning during structured storybook reading and for the use of implicit linguistic statistical regularities for learning new orthographic word forms in the early stages of reading development.
Risk Factors for Developing Apnea After Immunization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (2008)

For infants in the NICU without apnea during the 24 hours immediately before immunization, younger age, smaller size, and more severe illness at birth are important predictors of postimmunization apnea.
Structural aspects of the copper sites in cytochrome c oxidase. An x-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of the resting-state enzyme (1986)

Copper K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been used to investigate the structural details of the coordination environment of the copper sites in eight resting-state samples of beef heart cytochrome c oxidase prepared by different methods. The unusual position and structure of the resting-state copper edge spectrum can be adequately explained by the presence of sulfur-containing ligands, with a significant amount of S----Cu(II) charge transfer (i.e., a covalent site). Quantitative curve-fitting analysis of the copper extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data indicates similar average first coordination spheres for all resting-state samples, regardless of preparation method. The average coordination sphere (per 2 coppers) mainly consists of 6 +/- 1 nitrogens or oxygens at an average Cu-(N,O) distance of 1.99 +/- 0.03 A and 2 +/- 1 sulfurs at an average Cu-S distance of 2.28 +/- 0.02 A. Quantitative curve-fitting analysis of the outer shell of the copper EXAFS indicates the presence of a Cu...Fe interaction at a distance of 3.00 +/- 0.03 A. Proposed structures of the two copper sites based on these and other spectroscopic results are presented, and differences between our results and those of other published copper XAS studies [Powers, L., Chance, B., Ching, Y., & Angiolillo, P. (1981) Biophys. J. 34, 465-498] are discussed.
Comparison of Background Factors Relevant to Mammary Tumorigenesis between DDD/1-<I>Mtv-2/Mtv-2</I> Congenic and DDD/1 Mice (1990)

To elucidate the possible participation of the Mtv-2 gene in the background factors relevant to mammary tumorigenesis, DDD/1-Miv-2/Mtv-2 (DDD-Mtv-2) congenic and DDD/1 background mice were compared for endocrine and immune organs, mammary gland development, expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-gp 52 antigen, hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) and mammary tumor incidence. The congenic strain had been established by introducing Mtv-2 from GRS/AJms (GR) into DDD/1 mice by repeated 12 backcrosses. Body, thymus, spleen, uterus, ovary, adrenal and pituitary weights, histology of the ovary and mammary gland development showed no differences ascribable to Mtv-2 between both strains of mice at 4,6 and 12 months of age. In contrast, MMTV-gp 52 antigen expression, HAN and mammary tumor occurred in DDD-Mtv-2 but not in DDD/1 mice. These results showed that the Mtv-2 gene stimulates mammary tumorigenesis by constitutional production of endogenous MMTV which transforms mammary epithelial cells but not by influencing the background factors relevant to mammary tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the expression of Mtv-2 appeared to be lower on the DDD/1 than on the GR background.
A line‐scan hyperspectral Raman system for spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (2015)

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that can obtain subsurface layered information by collecting Raman spectra from a series of surface positions laterally offset from the excitation laser. Currently optical fiber probes are used as major tools in SORS measurement, which are either slow (single fiber probe with mechanical movement) or restricted in selecting offset range and interval (fiber probe array). This study proposes a new method to conduct SORS measurement based on a newly developed line‐scan hyperspectral Raman imaging system. A 785‐nm point laser was used as an excitation source. A detection module consisting of an imaging spectrograph and a charge‐coupled device camera was used to acquire line‐shape SORS data in a spectral region of −592 to 3015 cm −1 . Using a single scan, the system allowed simultaneous collection of a series of Raman spectra in a broad offset range (e.g. 0–36 mm in two sides of the incident laser) with a narrow interval (e.g. 0.07 mm). Four layered samples were created by placing butter slices with thicknesses of 1, 4, 7, and 10 mm on top of melamine powder, providing different individual Raman characteristics to test the line‐scan SORS technique. Self‐modeling mixture analysis (SMA) was used to analyze the SORS data. Raman spectra from butter and melamine were successfully retrieved for all four butter‐on‐melamine samples using the SMA method. The line‐scan SORS measurement technique provides a flexible and efficient method for subsurface evaluation, which has potential to be used for food safety and quality inspection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
SIMULATIONS OF FIELD-PLATED AND RECESSED GATE GALLIUM NITRIDE-BASED HETEROJUNCTION FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS (2007)

We report on two-dimensional isothermal simulations of recessed gate and field-plated AlGaN - GaN HFETs with submicron gates. The optimization of the recessed gate shape allows us to reduce the electric field at the drain-side gate edge by approximately 30%. Our simulations reveal a dramatic increase of the effective gate length with increasing drain-to-source bias with a commensurate decrease of the cutoff frequency (up to 40% decrease for 50V). To improve the cutoff frequency for the high drain-to-source bias, we suggest using the second field plate connected to the drain with a small gap between the two field plates. In this design, the electric field in the gap between the gate and the drain field plate is higher leading to a significant reduction of the effective gate length and, as a consequence, to an increase in the cutoff frequency at high drain-to-source biases (compared to the conventional design).
Guest editorial (2004)

article Share on Guest editorial: wireless PAN & sensor networks Authors: Theodore B. Zahariadis View Profile , Bharat Doshi View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications ReviewVolume 8Issue 1January 2004pp 6–9https://doi.org/10.1145/980159.980164Published:01 January 2004Publication History 1citation724DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads724Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteGet Access
Thickness Effect on Microstructure, Strength, and Toughness of a Quenched and Tempered 178 mm Thickness Steel Plate (2020)

We investigate here the thickness effect on microstructures and mechanical properties of a quenched and tempered 178 mm thickness ASTM A517 GrQ steel. The microstructures at sub-surface, 1/4 thickness (t/4), and 1/2 thickness (t/2) were characterized. A comparison of hardness, strength, and impact toughness of the different positions shows that the lowest strength and toughness occurred at t/2, where a mixture of coarse, tempered martensite and bainite were found, and their inter-lath boundaries were occupied with highly dense, film-like or coarse, spheroidized carbides. The cooling rate for transformation was measured to be 0.6 °C/s at t/2 from the industrial processing data. In addition, the alloy elements at t/2 were heavily segregated, as revealed by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and a microhardness test. The resulted coarse microstructures thus lowered both the yield strength and the impact energies significantly, e.g., the crack propagation energy was completely lost at −60 °C. This study correlates the variation of mechanical properties to varied transformed microstructures based on the industrial quenching condition, which shows promise for improving the designing of the hardenability and controlling the carbides for ultra-thick quenched and tempered steel.