gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ternary Polymer Composite of Graphene, Carbon Nitride, and Poly(3‐hexylthiophene): an Efficient Photocatalyst (2012)

Abstract Herein we report on the synthesis of a ternary polymer composite of graphene, carbon nitride, and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (G‐g‐C 3 N 4 ‐P 3 HT) by a solvothermal method. The prepared polymer composite catalysts are characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and photoluminescence techniques for their morphology, structure and photocatalytic efficiency. Graphene‐loaded polymer composites of carbon nitride (g‐C 3 N 4 ) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) act as efficient photocatalysts for waste water treatment. Methylene blue is used as the model pollutant and the rate of its photocatalytic degradation with G‐g‐C 3 N 4 ‐P 3 HT is three times higher than that achieved with a g‐C 3 N 4 ‐P 3 HT composite.
Targeting miR-21 to Treat Psoriasis (2014)

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options that is characterized by a complex interplay between keratinocytes, immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression and play critical roles in many human diseases. A number of miRNAs have been described to be up-regulated in psoriasis, but their causal contribution to disease development has not been demonstrated. We confirm that miR-21 expression is increased in epidermal lesions of patients with psoriasis and that this leads to reduced epidermal TIMP-3 (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3) expression and activation of TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme)/ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17). Using patient-derived skin samples and mouse models of psoriasis, we demonstrate that increased miR-21 may be a consequence of impaired transcriptional activity of Jun/activating protein 1 (AP-1), leading to activation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) pathway. Inhibition of miR-21 by locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified anti-miR-21 compounds ameliorated disease pathology in patient-derived psoriatic skin xenotransplants in mice and in a psoriasis-like mouse model. Targeting miR-21 may represent a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of psoriasis.
<p><strong>Phylogeny and evolution of Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales): new Iranian samples and hosts, first divergence estimates, and multiple evidences of species mis-identifications</strong></p> (2019)

Didymosphaeriaceae is a cosmopolitan family of Ascomycetes including pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes living in a variety of substrates. While a monophyletic origin of the family is now widely accepted, the monophyly of some species, their worldwide distribution, and the timing of their origin is still disputed or unexplored. We first investigated Didymosphaeriaceae species diversity in six provinces of Iran with special focus on East Azarbaijan province: based on morphological features and analyses of concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA operon (ITS), large subunit rDNA (LSU) and beta-tubulin, only eight samples out of 1150 contained Didymosphaeroid fungi belonging to either Paraconiothyrium fuckelii or Kalmusia variispora; our sampling indicates 4 plants as new natural hosts of these fungi. We then performed an updated phylogenetic analysis of the Didymosphaeriaceae. Results indicate that the genera Paraconiothyrium and Kulmasia are polyphyletic as the likely result of previous species mis-assignments. We finally provided the first divergence estimates of the Didymosphaeriaceae using ITS. Bayesian relaxed clock analyses support an ancient (early Paleogene) origin of the family and a recent (late Neogene) diversification of extant genus compatible with a high loss of diversity in the past and/or of a still fragmented sampling of Didymosphaeriaceae diversity.
ROLE OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR ON CARDIAC FUNCTION (2019)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) was the first discovered member of the ERBB family of tyrosine kinas receptors that includes ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4. After binding by EGF-related ligands, EGFR is activated to induce homodimerization or heterodimerization with other ERBB receptors, resulting in tyrosine kinase activity. Subsequently, autophosphorylation or transphosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the C-terminal tail of the receptor allows the binding of adaptor proteins to trigger intracellular signaling cascades that can lead to proliferation, survival, and anti-apoptosis. As EGFR is expressed in the majority of developing and adult tissues including heart, dysfunction of EGFR activity can cause severe damage in different tissues and even initiate cancers. Several anti-EGFR drugs are already available in the clinic for late stage cancer patients with activated EGFR activity. However, in cancer therapy using anti-ERBB2 drugs, severe cardiotoxicity among patients has been reported, emphasizing the importance of ERBB signaling in cardiac homeostasis. Also with the increases in life expectancy of patients, some types of cancers tend to be treated as a chronic disease. Therefore it is importance to understanding possible cardiac toxicity under chronic suppression of EGFR pathway. We propose the use of conditional knockout mice lacking EGFR activity in cardiomyocytes to understand the role of EGFR signaling in normal cardiac function. We demonstrated that chronic repression of EGFR pathway would cause severe cardiac dysfunction with chamber dilations, left ventricular wall thinning and depressed cardiac function. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with many cardiovascular diseases and is a risk factor for cardiac related morbidity and mortality. Mice homozygous with EGFR hypomorphic mutation display various background dependent phenotypes including left ventricle hypertrophy. Using two different strains, we mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with cardiac hypertrophy. These studies should be useful in understanding the development of LVH and in predicting patients susceptible to cardiatoxicity induced by chronic use of anti-EGFR drugs.
Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands (1992)

A mouse monoclonal antibody against the N-terminal region of human androgen receptor (AR) was used to identify receptors by immunoperoxidase staining in frozen serial sections of skin from scalp, face, limb and genitalia of men and women aged 30-80 years. AR staining was restricted to cell nuclei. In sebaceous glands, AR were identified in basal and differentiating sebocytes. The percentage of receptor-positive basal sebocyte nuclei in the temple/forehead region was greater in males (65%) than in females (29%). AR staining was restricted to the cells of dermal papillae in anagen and telogen hair follicles. The percentage of dermal papillae containing AR was greater in males (58%) than in females (20%). The number of positively stained dermal papillae was lowest in female scalp skin. In 163 hair follicles sectioned, AR were absent from germinative matrix, outer root sheath (including the bulge region), inner root sheath, hair shaft and hair bulb, and from the capillaries present in some large dermal papillae. AR were present in pilosebaceous duct keratinocytes, suggesting that androgens may influence pilosebaceous duct keratinization. AR were also identified in interfollicular epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts although, in both cell types, intensity and frequency of staining were greatest in genital skin. AR were identified in luminal epithelial cells of apocrine glands in genital skin and in certain cells of the secretory coils of eccrine sweat glands in all body sites. This study indicates that androgens regulate sebaceous gland and hair growth by acting upon two different types of target cells, the epithelial sebocytes of sebaceous glands and the mesenchymal cells of the hair follicle dermal papilla.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
HDMI-Walk: Attacking HDMI Distribution Networks via Consumer Electronic Control Protocol (2019)

The High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is the de-facto standard for Audio/Video interfacing between video-enabled devices. Today, almost tens of billions of HDMI devices exist worldwide and are widely used to distribute A/V signals in smart homes, offices, concert halls, and sporting events making HDMI one of the most highly deployed systems in the world. An important component in HDMI is the Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) protocol, which allows for the interaction between devices within an HDMI distribution network. Nonetheless, existing network security mechanisms only protect traditional networking components, leaving CEC outside of their scope. In this work, we identify and tap into CEC protocol vulnerabilities, using them to implement realistic proof-of-work attacks on HDMI distribution networks. We study, how current insecure CEC protocol practices and HDMI distributions may grant an adversary a novel attack surface for HDMI devices otherwise thought to be unreachable. To introduce this novel attack surface, we present HDMI-Walk, which opens a realm of remote and local CEC attacks to HDMI devices. Specifically, with HDMI-Walk, an attacker can perform malicious analysis of devices, eavesdropping, Denial of Service attacks, targeted device attacks, and even facilitate well-known existing attacks through HDMI. With HDMI-Walk, we prove it is feasible for an attacker to gain arbitrary control of HDMI devices. We demonstrate the implementations of both local and remote attacks with commodity HDMI devices. Finally, we discuss security mechanisms to provide impactful and comprehensive security evaluation to these real-world systems while guaranteeing deployability and providing minimal overhead considering the current limitations of the CEC protocol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work solely investigating the security of HDMI device distribution networks.
Detection of miR-34a Promoter Methylation in Combination with Elevated Expression of c-Met and β-Catenin Predicts Distant Metastasis of Colon Cancer (2012)

Silencing of miR-34a and upregulation of c-Met, Snail, and β-catenin expression is associated with liver metastases of colon cancer. Detection of miR-34a silencing in resected primary colon cancer may be of prognostic value, especially in combination with detection of c-Met and β-catenin expression.
Wetting and adhesion of water-borne printing inks on surface-modified polyolefins (1990)

Polyolefin films were surface-modified by different methods to improve the wetting and adhesion of water-borne printing inks. Polyethylene (PE) films were treated with corona at various energy levels. Surface-modified PE films were characterized by contact angle measurements and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Good wetting was already achieved with treatment at a lower energy level. Various degrees of adhesion were obtained at various degrees of treatment. A hydrophilic monomer, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), was polymerized onto the surfaces of polypropylene (PP) with radiation-induced grafting, which was carried out at two different radiation doses. In both cases, a thick, visible layer of polyHEMA was formed on the surface of PP, and satisfactory wetting was already achieved at lower radiation doses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that different degrees of roughness were achieved at various radiation doses. Like the case of corona-treated PE, different degrees of adhesion were obtained at different degrees of surface treatment. This study shows that improved wetting alone is not satisfactory for good practical adhesion', regardless of the surface modification method used.
Review of Recent Detection Methods for HTTP DDoS Attack (2019)

With increment in dependency on web technology, a commensurate increase has been noted in destructive attempts to disrupt the essential web technologies, hence leading to service failures. Web servers that run on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) are exposed to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A sophisticated version of this attack known as distributed denial of service (DDOS) is among the most dangerous Internet attacks, with the ability to overwhelm a web server, thereby slowing it down and potentially taking it down completely. This paper reviewed 12 recent detection of DDoS attack at the application layer published between January 2014 and December 2018. A summary of each detection method is summarised in table view, along with in-depth critical analysis, for future studies to conduct research pertaining to detection of HTTP DDoS attack.
Triisobutylaluminium promoted reductive rearrangement of substituted vinyl ethers to homologous alcohols (2000)

Substituted vinyl ethers carrying electron-donating groups in the ether moiety undergo smooth oxygen to carbon rearrangement with triisobutylaluminium to afford chain extended alcohols.
Augusto SARMIENTO, La Eclesiología de Mancio, Pamplona, Eunsa ("Colección Teológica de la Universidad de Navarra", 11), 1976, 2 vol., 213 y 378 pp., 16 x 25. (2018)

La Eclesiología de Mando, Pamplona, Eunsa ("
Diastereoselective alkylation of the ( + )‐ketopinic acid ketimine derived from benzylamine (1990)

Abstract Alkylation of the ketimine 2 obtained from condensation of (+)‐ketopinic acid and benzylamine with a variety of alkylating agents gives the products whose trends in diastereomeric excesses (1 — 100% O.P.) appear to correlate with the structure and reactivity of electrophilic agents. Using excess n ‐butyl lithium and allylic or benzylic halides, β‐alkylation occured.
Functional Assessment of Head???Eye Coordination During Vehicle Operation (2005)

These results demonstrate the viability of functional assessment of head-eye coordination during vehicle operation, and potential applications of this technology to driver assessment are discussed. Analysis of both active and reflex contributions to gaze may provide a clearer understanding of the impact of visual and vestibular impairment on driving ability.
Piezoelectrically driven spherically contoured resonators in LGS for high temperature applications (2008)

Piezoelectrically actuated plano-convex thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators in lanthanum gallium silicate (langasite, LGS) were fabricated. As main fabrication steps a wet etching process and a dry etching process were developed and furthermore graytone-lithography in combination with photoresist melting has been applied. The plano-convex shape is necessary to improve the Q- factor of the devices. Simulations have been run to show the influence of the spherically contoured surface. The resulting Q-factor was up to two times higher than for simple planar resonators reaching values of more than 60.000. The special characteristics of langasite allow working temperatures of more than 700degC and a sensitive CeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> coating can be used for gas measurements at high temperatures.
Annealing-free Si3N4 frequency combs for monolithic integration with Si photonics (2018)

Silicon-nitride-on-insulator (SiNOI) is an attractive platform for optical frequency comb generation in the telecommunication band because of the low two-photon absorption and free carrier induced nonlinear loss when compared with crystalline silicon. However, high-temperature annealing that has been used so far for demonstrating Si3N4-based frequency combs made co-integration with silicon-based optoelectronics elusive, thus reducing dramatically its effective complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. We report here on the fabrication and testing of annealing-free SiNOI nonlinear photonic circuits. In particular, we have developed a process to fabricate low-loss, annealing-free, and crack-free Si3N4 740-nm-thick films for Kerr-based nonlinear photonics featuring a full process compatibility with front-end silicon photonics. Experimental evidence shows that micro-resonators using such annealing-free silicon nitride films are capable of generating a frequency comb spanning 1300–2100 nm via optical parametrical oscillation based on four-wave mixing. This work constitutes a decisive step toward time-stable power-efficient Kerr-based broadband sources featuring full process compatibility with Si photonic integrated circuits on CMOS lines.
EPEN-08. PHARMACOGENOMICS REVEALS ERBB2 AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN PRIMARY EPENDYMOMA CULTURES (2019)

Ependymoma represents the third most common brain tumor entity of childhood. Successful targeted treatment approaches especially for RELA fusion-positive supratentorial ependymomas and posterior fossa type A ependymomas, the two subgroups known to be associated with worst prognosis, have so far not been discovered. We set up a high-throughput drug screening (HTS) pipeline to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of established chemotherapeutic agents and novel anti-cancer compounds currently in phase III and IV studies (n=196) in primary ependymoma cultures (n=12). Assay miniaturization to 1536-well microplates emerged as a key feature to enable drug screening from smallest sample amounts. Primary cultures faithfully recapitulated DNA methylation changes and copy number profiles detected in the corresponding primary tumors. In addition, entity and subgroup affiliation were consistent using molecular neuropathology 2.0 based classification (MNP 2.0, Capper, D. et al., Nature, 2018). These results confirm that the (epi)genetic landscape is maintained in short-term primary ependymoma cultures. We revealed remarkable chemoresistance by comparing HTS data of ependymomas to other established pediatric brain tumor models (n=48) and normal tissue controls (n=3). Notably, we identified Neratinib, an irreversible ERBB2 inhibitor, as the most prominent candidate drug amongst multiple targeted therapeutics with its preferential antitumoral activity in a subset of ependymoma cases (n=5). To unravel the mechanism of action of Neratinib, RNA sequencing of treated and untreated ependymoma cell lines (n=3) was conducted demonstrating highly specific abrogation of ERBB2 signaling. In summary, our study demonstrates the feasibility of primary culture drug screening for pediatric brain tumors to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Specifically, we identified preferential antitumoral activity of Neratinib in ependymomas providing a novel therapeutic approach for a largely chemoresistant entity.
Distribution, Morphology, Anatomy And Histochemistry Of Crepidium Acuminatum (2018)

<em>Crepidium acuminatum</em> is largely confine to the Himalayan region although it has been reported in South India, where its presence distribution needs to be critically studied. This study describes the morphological, anatomical and histochemical aspects of the materials of the authenticated species collected from Himalayas. This study also highlights the features of histochemistry and anatomy that should be used for the correct identification and authentication of <em>C. acuminatum</em>, especially because of the therapeutic importance of the species and its possible adulteration by other orchids.
Radiolocalization of human small cell lung cancer and antigen-positive normal tissues using monoclonal antibody LS2D617. (1990)

The murine monoclonal antibody LS2D617, which reacts with an antigen associated with human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), was tested in preclinical models to assess its potential for specific targeting of tumors in human SCLC cancer patients. LS2D617 detects a cell antigen on the surface of cultured SCLC and neuroblastoma cell lines. Scatchard analysis of the binding of LS2D617 to NCIH69 SCLC cells indicates an affinity constant of about 1 x 10(8) M-1 and an epitope expression level of approximately 2 x 10(6) antigenic sites/cell. Molecular weight analysis of the target antigen and antibody competition experiments showed that LS2D617 should be classified as a SCLC Cluster 1 antibody (i.e., reacts with the neural cell adhesion molecule). LS2D617 was labeled with 111In and tested for biodistribution (4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postinjection) in nude mice bearing the human SCLC NCIH69 tumor. Tumor values peaked at about 35% injected dose/g (Day 3) compared with about 8% injected dose/g for an irrelevant IgG1 antibody while normal tissue accumulation for both antibodies was about 2-8% injected dose/g. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that LS2D617 reacts with the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, endocrine tissues, and heart tissue of rabbits as it does in human tissues. The ability of LS2D617 to accumulate in vivo in normal tissues that express the specific target antigen was tested in rabbits. Rabbits given i.v. injections of 111In-LS2D617 or control labeled antibody were sacrificed at 48 h and tissues were examined by gamma well counting, autoradiography, and immunohistochemical staining for murine immunoglobulin. Specific uptake was seen in all sites defined as antigen positive by immunohistology (i.e., heart, liver bile duct, peripheral nerves, pituitary, adrenal), excepting the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) which was inaccessible to antibody because of the blood brain barrier. The use of preclinical in vivo targeting models to assess tumor as well as antigen-positive normal tissue targeting should aid in the strategy of antibody-based therapeutic intervention of human cancer by providing insight into the potential for tumor targeting and normal tissue toxicity that may be encountered in the clinic.
A sensitive dual signal amplification method for western blotting based on antibody-functionalised graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles (2012)

In this study, we report an ultrasensitive western blotting method using antibody-functionalised graphene oxide sheets and gold nanoparticles. Additionally, the cost is reduced greatly by conjugating two different primary antibodies on gold nanoparticles (C. Welinder and L. Ekblad, J. Proteome Res., 2011, 10, 1416-1419).
Plasmonic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Separated from a Gold Mirror by an Ultrathin Oxide (2012)

That a nanoparticle (NP) (for example of gold) residing above a gold mirror is almost as effective a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate (when illuminated with light of the correct polarization and wavelength) as two closely coupled gold nanoparticles has been known for some time. The NP-overmirror (NPOM) configuration has the valuable advantage that it is amenable to top-down fabrication. We have fabricated a series of Au-NPOM substrates with varying but thin atomic layer-deposited oxide spacer and measured the SERS enhancement as a function of spacer thickness and angle of incidence (AOI). These were compared with high-quality finite-difference time-domain calculations, which reproduce the observed spacer thickness and AOI dependences faithfully. The SERS intensity is expected to be strongly affected by the AOI on account for the fact that the hot spot formed in the space between the NP and the mirror is most efficiently excited with an electromagnetic field component that is normal to the surface of the mirror. Intriguingly we find that the SERS intensity maximizes at ~60° and show that this is due to the coherent superposition of the incident and the reflected field components. The observed SERS intensity is also shown to be very sensitive to the dielectric constant of the oxide spacer layer with the most intense signals obtained when using a low dielectric constant oxide layer (SiO(2)).
Analysis of DNA curvature using artificial neural networks. (1998)

bdk@ems. ncl.res.in