gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model (2018)

Einkorn wheat (<i>Triticum monococcum</i>) is characterized by high content of proteins, bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, fructans, tocols, carotenoids, alkylresorcinols, and phytosterols, and lower <i>α</i>-, <i>β</i>-amylase and lipoxygenase activities compared to polyploid wheat. These features make einkorn flour a good candidate to provide healthier foods. In the present study, we investigated the effects of einkorn bread (EB) on the intestinal physiology and metabolism of the pig model by characterizing the glycemic and insulinemic response, and the microbiota and metabolome profiles. Sixteen commercial hybrid pigs were enrolled in the study; four pigs were used to characterize postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and twelve pigs underwent a 30-day dietary intervention to assess microbiota and metabolome changes after EB or standard wheat bread (WB) consumption. The postprandial insulin rise after an EB meal was characterized by a lower absolute level, and, as also observed for glucose, by a biphasic shape in contrast to that in response to a WB meal. The consumption of EB led to enrichment in short-chain fatty acid producers (e.g., <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Faecalibacterium,</i> and <i>Oscillospira</i>) in the gut microbiota and to higher metabolic diversity with lower content of succinate, probably related to improved absorption and therefore promoting intestinal gluconeogenesis. The observed changes, at both a compositional and metabolic scale, strongly suggest that EB consumption may support a health-promoting configuration of the intestinal ecosystem.
OFF LINE RECOGNITION OF HANDWRITTEN POSTAL WORDS USING NEURAL NETWORKS (1993)

We describe a method, “Shortest Path Segmentation” (SPS), which combines dynamic programming and a neural net recognizer for segmenting and recognizing character strings. We describe the application of this method to two problems: recognition of handwritten ZIP Codes, and recognition of handwritten words. For the ZIP Codes, we also used the method to automatically segment the images during training: the dynamic programming stage both performs the segmentation and provides inputs and desired outputs to the neural network. Results are reported for a test set of 2642 unsegmented handwritten 212 dpi binary ZIP Code (5- and 9-digit) images. For handwritten word recognition, we combined SPS with a “Space Displacement Neural Network” approach, in which a single-character-recognition network is extended over the entire word image, and in which SPS techniques are then used to rank order a given lexicon. We report results on a test set of 3000 300 ppi gray scale word images, extracted from images of live mail pieces, for lexicons of size 10, 100, and 1000. Representing the problem as a graph as proposed in this paper has advantages beyond the efficient finding of the final optimal segmentation, or the automatic segmentation of images during training. We can also easily extend the technique to generate K “runner up” answers (for example, by finding the K shortest paths). This paper will also describe applications of some of these ideas.
High power ultrafast laser sources based on multimode fiber (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Multimode fibers provide a means of scaling the peak power of ultrafast fiber lasers by orders of magnitude. While large mode area (LMA) fibers have been widely utilized in fiber amplifiers, these fibers often sacrifice practical benefits of fiber, such as flexibility, and increase system cost and complexity. In addition, the mode-field area of effectively single-mode LMA fibers is smaller than what can be achieved in multimode fibers. Recent work has shown that nonlinear interactions in multimode graded-index fiber can cause a highly multimode field to self-organize into the fundamental mode in a condensation-like process that is robust even with fiber perturbations or disorder. Building on this, we developed a series of Yb:fiber, mode-locked lasers utilizing normal-dispersion, multimode graded-index fiber. In experiments, we observe that the transition from continuous wave lasing to mode-locking is characterized by a beam cleaning process, whereby the highly multimode (speckled) beam of the continuous wave field transforms into a low-order mode beam. Remarkably, experiments and numerical simulations show that the pulses can consist not just the fundamental mode, but can even comprise multiple transverse modes. Our theoretical analysis shows this to be a consequence of a surprising kind of mode-locking – spatiotemporal mode-locking - which relies on strong intermode interactions and spatial filtering. Our initial experiments yield MW-power pulses after external compression, rivaling the best results with flexible LMA fibers. Meanwhile, simulations show that nearly GW peak powers should be possible, making spatiotemporal mode-locking extremely attractive for high-power ultrafast laser development.
Diffraction-limited depth-from-defocus imaging with a pixel-limited camera using pupil phase modulation and compressive sensing (2014)

The axial resolution of depth-from-defocus (DFD) imaging is generally restricted by the imaging device pixel pitch. Here, we propose a method of improving the axial resolution of DFD-based imaging with a pixel-limited camera to the minimum value determined by the diffraction limit, using pupil phase modulation and compressive sensing. Phase modulation at the pupil plane is employed to enhance the image defocus change and to reduce the correlation between varyingly defocused pixel-limited images. A compressive-sensing-based sparsity constraint is applied to object reconstruction. We experimentally verify the method with sparsely distributed objects and demonstrate diffraction-limited axial resolution with a pixel-limited camera.
Theory of Light Amplification in Active Fishnet Metamaterials (2011)

We establish a theory that traces light amplification in an active double-fishnet metamaterial back to its microscopic origins. Based on ab initio calculations of the light and plasmon fields we extract energy rates and conversion efficiencies associated with gain and loss channels directly from Poynting's theorem. We find that for the negative refractive index mode both radiative loss and gain outweigh resistive loss by more than a factor of 2, opening a broad window of steady-state amplification (free of instabilities) accessible even when a gain reduction close to the metal is taken into account.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Vanadium and Titanium with Molecular Hydrogen in Kr and Ar Matrices at 12 K. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal birefringence and depolarization compensation in glass-based high-average-power laser systems (2011)

Thermally induced birefringence can degrade the beam quality in high-average-power laser systems with doped-glass substrates. In this work, we compare glass-laser slab amplifiers at either Brewster's angle or normal incidence and discuss trade-offs between both designs. Numerical simulations show the impact of thermally induced depolarization in both amplifier systems. A non-uniform temperature profile and the resultant mechanical stress leads to depolarization that worsens as the beam propagates through the slab-amplifier chain. Reflective losses for depolarized light at Brewster's angle cannot be compensated and degrade beam quality. This motivates the selection of normally incident slab amplifiers, which facilitates birefringence compensation. Tolerances for birefringence compensation of two matched normal-incidence glass-slab amplifiers balanced by a quartz rotator are also investigated. Imbalances in thermal load, relative amplifier position and beam magnification between amplifiers show the highest depolarization sensitivity and establish limits for manufacturing tolerances and amplifier design.
Estudo de derivados da 1,1'-bis(difenilfosfina) ferroceno em reações de transformação do butadieno (1993)

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Correlation between the Turbidity Temperature of p-Anisaldehyde in Mineral Oil and the Aniline Point (2013)

Due to the toxicity of aniline, it is desirable to find a replacement for aniline in the aniline point method. Here correlations between the aniline point and the turbidity temperature for 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, o-anisaldehyde, and p-anisaldehyde are presented. 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene correlates well to the aniline point but with a significantly lower turbidity point compared to the aniline point. p-Anisaldehyde also correlates well to the aniline point, and both the aniline point and the turbidity temperature are very similar in magnitude, making it a very strong candidate for replacement of aniline in the aniline point analysis.
Efficient channel estimation for OFDM systems with hierarchical constellations (2007)

In this paper we consider the use of M-QAM hierarchical constellations (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) combined with implicit pilots for the transmission of multicast and broadcast services in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) systems. This method of pilot transmission allows coherent detection at the receiver while avoiding the spectral degradation associated with the usual pilot multiplexing techniques but results in mutual interference between pilots and data. Due to the demanding channel estimation requirements and the high sensitivity to interference resulting from the usage of QAM hierarchical constellations, an enhanced receiver based on the turbo concept is developed which is capable of dealing with the inherent interference between pilots and data.
Comfort and discomfort of dental trauma splints – a comparison of a new device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques (2002)

The present experimental study compared four dental trauma splints in 10 volunteers. The evaluated splints included a wire-composite splint (WCS), a button-bracket splint (BS), a resin splint (RS), and the newly developed titanium trauma splint (TTS). All splints were bonded to the labial surfaces of the maxillary lateral and central incisors and left in place for 1 week. After splint removal, the next splint was placed after a 1-week rest period. The sequence of splint application was randomized for each individual. The following subjective parameters were assessed using a visual analogue scale: sensitiveness of splinted teeth, irritation of the gingival margin, irritation of the lips, impairment of speech, eating and oral hygiene. The results show that the application of BS leads to a significantly higher irritation of the lips and greater impairment of speech compared to other splints (P < 0.05). The RS leads to an increased and significantly higher irritation of the gingiva (P < 0.05) owing to a significant increase in cleaning difficulties (P < 0.05). In conclusion, WCS and TTS appear to be more accepted splints according to a subjective assessment by 10 volunteers.
17.181 / 17.182 Sustainable Development: Theory, Research and Policy, Spring 2003 (2003)

Examines alternative conceptions and theoretical underpinnings of the notion of "sustainable development." Focuses on the sustainability problems of industrial countries (i.e., aging of populations, sustainable consumption, institutional adjustments, etc.); and of developing states and economies in transition (i.e., managing growth, sustainability of production patterns, pressures of population change, etc.). Explores the sociology of knowledge around sustainability, the economic and technological dimensions and institutional imperatives. Implications for political constitution of economic performance.
Plant volatiles cause direct, induced and associational resistance in common bean to the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (2014)

Summary Plants that express resistance to herbivores emit volatile organic compounds ( VOC s) that can trigger resistance responses in undamaged neighbours. Recent reports indicate that VOC s can also trigger the resistance to pathogens, an effect that might be due to different mechanisms: the priming of an induced expression of resistance genes in the receiver or direct inhibitory effects on microbial pathogens that cause a passive ‘associational’ resistance in the VOC ‐exposed plant. We investigated whether VOC s emitted from a resistant common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) cultivar enhance the resistance to the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in a susceptible cultivar and analysed whether specific VOC s are likely to directly affect the pathogen. We found that susceptible plants exposed to the headspace of resistance‐expressing plants over 6 h became phenotypically as resistant as the resistant cultivar. Several resistance marker genes ( PATHOGENESIS ‐ RELATED [ PR ] 1, 2 and 4 ) were primed in VOC ‐exposed susceptible plants. After challenging, these genes reached expression levels at least as high as in the resistant cultivar. Additionally, individual VOC s such as limonene, linalool, nonanal, methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate at natural concentrations directly inhibited the germination of conidia as did also the headspace of a resistance‐expressing plant. This inhibition of conidial germination was dosage‐dependent and irreversible. Synthesis . We conclude that VOC s are involved in the resistance of bean to fungal pathogens. They can contribute to the direct resistance in the emitter itself, and resistance phenotypes of neighbouring receiver plants can result from induced as well as associational resistance. Plant VOC s play multiple roles in the resistance of plants to microbial pathogens.
Partial circumvention of multi‐drug resistance by annamycin is associated with comparable inhibition of DNA synthesis in the nuclear matrix of sensitive and resistant cells (1995)

We studied the subcellular and subnuclear distributions of the partially cross-resistant anthracycline Annamycin (Ann) in KB-3-1 and multi-drug resistant KB-VI cells. Subcellular drug localization was assessed qualitatively by fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively by cell fractionation and fluorescence measurements. Doxorubicin (Dox) localized predominantly in the nucleus in KB-3-1 cells and in the membranes in KB-VI cells. In contrast, the subcellular distribution of Ann was identical in both cell lines, with preferential drug localization in the perinuclear region, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes. Dox rate of efflux from the nucleus was negligible in KB-3-1 cells but markedly enhanced in KB-VI cells, whereas Ann was lost at a similar rate from the nucleus in both cell lines. In KB-3-1 cells Dox levels in the nuclear non-matrix were about 2-fold higher than those of Ann, while in the matrix the inverse relationship was observed. In spite of these differences, Dox and Ann had a similar inhibitory effect on new DNA synthesis in the nuclear matrix and non-matrix of KB-3-1 cells. Dox levels were reduced by 10-fold in the nuclear non-matrix and 2-fold in the matrix in KB-VI cells compared with KB-3-1 cells, whereas Ann levels were reduced by about 2- to 3-fold in the non-matrix and were unchanged in the matrix. In correlation with these findings, Dox did not cause inhibition of new DNA synthesis in either nuclear fraction in KB-VI cells, whereas inhibition of new DNA synthesis in the matrix by Ann was similar in both cell lines. Our results indicate that Ann's partial circumvention of multi-drug resistance is associated with its ability to cause comparable new DNA synthesis inhibition in the nuclear matrix of sensitive and resistant cells.
Local and Systemic Antibody Responses to Shigella Infection in Rhesus Monkeys (1987)

Journal Article Local and Systemic Antibody Responses to Shigella Infection in Rhesus Monkeys Get access Gabriel Dinari, Gabriel Dinari Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas L. Hale, Thomas L. Hale Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Thomas L. Hale, Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. 20307-5100. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Smiley W. Austin, Smiley W. Austin Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel B. Formal Samuel B. Formal Department of Enteric Infections, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 155, Issue 5, May 1987, Pages 1065–1069, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/155.5.1065 Published: 01 May 1987 Article history Received: 05 May 1986 Revision received: 03 November 1986 Published: 01 May 1987
The Management of Eating Disorders and Obesity (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 November 2000The Management of Eating Disorders and ObesityKaren M. Freund, MD, MPHKaren M. Freund, MD, MPHBoston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. (Freund)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Goldstein DJ, ed. 388 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 1999. $125.00. ISBN 0896034070. Order phone 973-256-1699.Field of medicine: Internal medicine, psychiatry, and nutrition.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Health professionals who specialize in management of obesity and eating disorders and primary care providers.Purpose: To provide an update on prevention and treatment of eating disorders and obesity.Content: The 23 chapters in the book are divided into three sections on bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and obesity. More than two thirds of the chapters focus on obesity. Several chapters are revisions of preexisting publications.Highlights: The editor's decision to cover eating ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. (Freund) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 November 2000Volume 133, Issue 10Page: 840KeywordsAnorexia nervosaBulimia nervosaEatingEating disordersHealth care providersNutritionObesityOverweightSoftware toolsWeight loss ePublished: 21 November 2000 Issue Published: 21 November 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Invasion of human glioma biopsy specimens in cultures of rodent brain slices: a quantitative analysis (2002)

The ISIS combines a high success rate, technical simplicity, and detailed quantitative measurements and may, therefore, be used to study the invasiveness of biopsy specimens of gliomas of different grades.
Study of the effects of discharge conditions and substrate temperature on Si epitaxial deposition using sputtering-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma (2000)

It was found that epitaxial Si films could be deposited on Si substrates by using a sputtering-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma that had a conventional base pressure of 5×10−7 Torr. The effects of discharge conditions and substrate temperature were studied systematically in order to understand the necessary conditions for epitaxial growth. It was found that discharge gas pressure, target power for sputtering, and substrate temperature play crucial roles in the epitaxial deposition. The implications of the changes of the three parameters are discussed in detail.
Machine Learning Approaches to Classify Self-Reported Rheumatoid Arthritis Health Scores Using Activity Tracker Data: Longitudinal Observational Study (2023)

While further validation of our results and evaluation in a real-world setting remains, this study demonstrates the ability of physical activity tracker data to classify health status over time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and enables the possibility of scheduling preventive clinical interventions as needed. If patient outcomes can be monitored in real time, there is potential to improve clinical care for patients with other chronic conditions.
Spiral2 Project: Integration of the Accelerator Processes, Construction of the Buildings and Process Connections (2016)

The GANIL SPIRAL 2 Project is based on the construction of a superconducting ion CW LINAC (up to 5 mA - 40 MeV deuteron and 33 MeV proton beams, up to 1 mA - 14.5 MeV/u heavy ion beams) with two experimental areas named S3 ('Super Separator Spectrometer' for very heavy and super heavy element production) and NFS ('Neutron For Science'), The building studies as well as the accelerator and experimental equipment integration started in 2009. The ground breaking started at the end of 2010. The integration task of the different equipments into the buildings is managed by a trade-oriented integration unit gathering the accelerator integration team, the building prime contractor and a dedicated contracting assistant. All work packages are synthesized at the same time using 3D models. 3D tools are used to carry out integration, synthesis, process connections and the preparation of the future assembly. Since 2014, the buildings and process connections are received and the accelerator installation is well advanced. This contribution will describe these 3D tools, the building construction, the process connection status and our experience feedback.
Removal of platinum from water by precipitation or liquid–liquid extraction and separation from gold using ionic liquids (2013)

Precipitation and liquid–liquid extraction of PtX62− (X = Cl−, Br−, SCN−) in acidified aqueous solutions ranging from 0.1 M to 9 M HBr or 11 M of HCl have been studied using water-soluble or hydrophobic ionic liquids. Divalent hexachloroplatinate(IV) anions appear to be extracted much less efficiently than tetrachloroaurate(III) complexes. At a concentration of 11 M HCl, values of 15 and 800 for the distribution coefficients of PtCl62− and PtBr62− in [OMIM][NTf2] have been obtained accordingly. The presence of a labile hydrogen on the imidazolium ring has been found to play a specific role in the extraction of platinum(IV) complexes in concentrated HCl or HBr. Pt(SCN)62− appears to be very efficiently extracted at pH 1 using [OMIM][NTf2], exhibiting a distribution coefficient of 6150. Finally, two methods for quantitative separation of gold and platinum in water using in each method two extraction steps have been proposed. The back extraction of platinum(IV) during the second separation process was also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Elaboration of Quaternary Carbon Centers Involving the Asymmetric Michael‐Type Alkylation of Chiral Imines: An Efficient Enantioselective Access to (+)‐Vincamine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.