gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Final Height in Turner Syndrome Patients Treated with Growth Hormone (1996)

Growth hormone (GH), alone or in combination with anabolic steroids, seems to improve the growth rate in Turner syndrome, but to exert a less striking effect on the final height (FH). Reports on the FH usually lack a control group, and the GH effect is determined using the gain in centimeters over projected height. Out of a cohort of 32 Turner syndrome girls under recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy (0.5 IU/kg/week during the 1st year and 1 IU/kg/week subsequently), 18 (treated for 3-6 years) attained FH. The mean chronological age at the first examination was 9.6 +/- (SD) 2.1 years and at the start of GH therapy 13.0 +/- 2.0 (range 8.8-17.2) years. Eighteen untreated subjects matched for chronological age and karyotype served as control group. The FH as SDS according to Lyon and to unpublished Italian Turner syndrome girl standards was not significantly different as compared with pretreatment. In comparison with Italian cross-sectional Turner syndrome standards (FH 142.5 +/- 7.0 cm), the FH of the control group was quite similar (142.2 +/- 4.9 cm), whereas the rhGH-treated group showed a FH of 147.6 +/- 7.3 cm with a mean increment of about 5 cm. The height gain during therapy (as delta height in SDS either according to Lyon or to Italian SDS standards) was compared for each girl with that of a matched girl of the control group during a comparable observation period. A significantly different delta height was observed in the treated versus control groups: 0.3 +/- 1.1 vs. -1.0 +/- 0.8 according to Lyon (p < 0.001) and 0.8 +/- 0.7 vs -0.3 +/- 0.5 according to Italian standards (p < 0.001). If we compared the FH with the projected height according to Lyon standards, the height gain (as delta height in cm) was significantly higher than in the untreated subjects (-1.1 +/- 4.8 vs. -6.2 +/- 3.9 cm; p < 0.05). It seems worthwhile to undertake GH treatment in Turner syndrome girls who represent a very short stature population, even though the response is less significant than in classic GH deficiency and shows a striking variability, probably due to a sort of peripheral resistance.
The use ofN-succinyl derivatives in the study of amino acids and peptides by mass spectrometry (1976)

The terminal amino group of amino acids and peptides is blocked as the N-succinyl derivative by reaction with succinic anhydride. The product is then converted to the N,O-permethyl derivative in order to increase its volatility for use in mass spectrometry. The permethylated N-succinyl derivative retains the advantages of the permethylated N-acetyl derivative in regard to ease of preparation on a small scale, volatility and the presence of characteristic fragmentation patterns in their mass spectra. However, peaks in the high mass region are more abundant due to loss of CH3O-from the N-succinyl carbomethoxyl group as well as from the C-terminal carbomethoxyl group. Ions characteristic of the sequence and of individual amino acids are observed, and molecular weight can be determined from the relatively abundant ion at [M--CH3O]+ and from the weak molecular ion.
UDP‐glucose enhances outward K+ currents necessary for cell differentiation and stimulates cell migration by activating the GPR17 receptor in oligodendrocyte precursors (2013)

In the developing and mature central nervous system, NG2 expressing cells comprise a population of cycling oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that differentiate into mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLGs). OPCs are also characterized by high motility and respond to injury by migrating into the lesioned area to support remyelination. K(+) currents in OPCs are developmentally regulated during differentiation. However, the mechanisms regulating these currents at different stages of oligodendrocyte lineage are poorly understood. Here we show that, in cultured primary OPCs, the purinergic G-protein coupled receptor GPR17, that has recently emerged as a key player in oligodendrogliogenesis, crucially regulates K(+) currents. Specifically, receptor stimulation by its agonist UDP-glucose enhances delayed rectifier K(+) currents without affecting transient K(+) conductances. This effect was observed in a subpopulation of OPCs and immature pre-OLGs whereas it was absent in mature OLGs, in line with GPR17 expression, that peaks at intermediate phases of oligodendrocyte differentiation and is thereafter downregulated to allow terminal maturation. The effect of UDP-glucose on K(+) currents is concentration-dependent, blocked by the GPR17 antagonists MRS2179 and cangrelor, and sensitive to the K(+) channel blocker tetraethyl-ammonium, which also inhibits oligodendrocyte maturation. We propose that stimulation of K(+) currents is responsible for GPR17-induced oligodendrocyte differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrate, for the first time, that GPR17 activation stimulates OPC migration, suggesting an important role for this receptor after brain injury. Our data indicate that modulation of GPR17 may represent a strategy to potentiate the post-traumatic response of OPCs under demyelinating conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and brain trauma.
Rebound Number Examination of New Concrete Structures (2002)

平成13年度4月から国土交通省が実施している, 重要新設コンクリート構造物を対象とした, テストハンマーによるコンクリート強度の推定調査について紹介する。テストハンマーによって測定された反発度からコンクリート強度を推定する方法は, さまざまな要因の影響を受けるため, コンクリートの品質を正確に評価することは難しい。しかし, 簡易に, 構造物を傷つけることなく実施できることから, 新設構造物に使用されているコンクリートの品質について概要を把握するには適している。ここでは, 国土交通省の調査の考え方と方法を紹介する。
QUEST+: A general multidimensional Bayesian adaptive psychometric method (2017)

QUEST+ is a Bayesian adaptive psychometric testing method that allows an arbitrary number of stimulus dimensions, psychometric function parameters, and trial outcomes. It is a generalization and extension of the original QUEST procedure and incorporates many subsequent developments in the area of parametric adaptive testing. With a single procedure, it is possible to implement a wide variety of experimental designs, including conventional threshold measurement; measurement of psychometric function parameters, such as slope and lapse; estimation of the contrast sensitivity function; measurement of increment threshold functions; measurement of noise-masking functions; Thurstone scale estimation using pair comparisons; and categorical ratings on linear and circular stimulus dimensions. QUEST+ provides a general method to accelerate data collection in many areas of cognitive and perceptual science.
Effect of Crystallinity on Thermal Diffusivities of Mould Fluxes for the Continuous Casting of Steels (2004)

The thermal diffusivities of mould flux having the glassy and crystalline states were measured as a function of temperature by the laser flash method to obtain the relationship between the thermal diffusivity and the degree of crystallization. The thermal diffusivities of the liquid mould flux were also measured to compare the data with those of the solid samples. The thermal diffusivity increases roughly linearly with an increase in the degree of crystallization. The thermal diffusivities of glassy and liquid samples having the ratios of NBO/T=1.48, 1.65 and 2.11 exhibit roughly the same values of 4.6×10−7 m2 s−1 and 4.0×10−7 m2 s−1, respectively. It is considered that because the silicate network is largely broken down, there is not a significant change of the structure for these samples.
Silicon Nanotube Array/Gold Electrode for Direct Electrochemistry of Cytochrome c (2007)

The highly ordered Si nanotube (SiNT) arrays have been fabricated and demonstrated to be an attractive matrix to accommodate macromolecules, such as proteins, and exhibit facile direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c without any pretreatment. A pair of well-defined redox waves can be observed in the aqueous solution containing cytochrome c on this SiNT electrode using cyclic voltammetry. The peak separation (DeltaEp) between the anodic and the cathodic peaks is 63 mV at the sweep rate of 10 mV/s, and the peak current is proportional to the square root of the sweep rates, which indicates that the redox process is a quasi-reversible process. The experimental results show that the good biocompatibility and nanoscale hollow structure of the SiNT arrays can be applicable to preparing Si-based biosensors and protein characterizations.
Recent highlights in anti-protozoan drug development and resistance research (2012)

This article summarizes the highlights of research presented in January, 2012, at the Keystone Symposium on "Drug Discovery for Protozoan Parasites" held in Santa Fe, New Mexico. This symposium which convenes approximately every 2 years provides a forum for leading investigators around the world to present data covering basic sciences to clinical trials relating to anti-protozoan drug development and drug resistance. Many talks focused on malaria, but other protozoan diseases receiving attention included African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, and amoebiasis. The new research, most of it unpublished, provided insights into the latest developments in the field.
The Pragmatic Web: Preliminary Thoughts (2002)

The core mission of the semantic web, namely, to enable information to be shared across the web, faces significant challenges. The challenges come from the difficulty of capturing semantics in a manner that is reusable across applications, the priority of process over data, the importance of interaction, and the critical need for accommodating user context. Overcoming these challenges takes us from the realm of semantics and brings us into the realm of pragmatics, which we view as supervenient upon the semantics. We claim that when the vision of the semantic web is realized, it will be via the pragmatic web. The ideas described herein have been in development for a few years. Most recently, this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant ITR-0081742 and by awards from IBM and Cisco. I have benefited from discussions with several colleagues and students, especially including Mike Huhns, Mladen Vouk, Bin Yu, Zhengang Cheng, Ashok Mallya, Mike Maximilien, Raghu Sreenath, and Pinar Yolum. Only I am responsible for the opinions expressed, of course.
PHOTOREACTIVATION AND PHOTOPROTECTION* (1964)

Summary Survival after far ultraviolet irradiation can be greatly increased in most cells by a posttreatment with near ultraviolet or violet‐blue radiation (photoreactivation) or, in some cells, by a pretreatment with near ultraviolet radiation (photoprotection). In addition, many cells recover from some lethal far ultraviolet damage by posttreatments not involving light (dark recovery), and it seems likely that considerable recovery of this type occurs even under ‘normal’ postirradiation conditions that do not involve any special ‘treatments’. In this paper, three aspects of photoreactivation of lethal damage are considered: (1) the nature of photoreactivable damage, including the possibility of cytoplasmic and RNA, as well as DNA, damage; (2) the mechanism of direct (photoenzymatic) photoreactivation, with special reference to dose‐rate saturation and temperance dependence; and (3) relations among photoprotection, dark recovery, and photoreactivation, with particular reference to the phenomenon of ‘indirect photoreactivation’, which is similar in mechanism to photoprotection. The general approach is broad, an attempt being made to point out some gaps and inconsistencies in our knowledge of these phenomena.
Characteristics of liquid stationary phases and column evaluation for gas chromatography (1986)

Abstract
Interlocked attosecond pulse trains in slightly bi-elliptical high harmonic generation (2020)

Abstract The ellipticity of high harmonics driven by bi-chromatic (e.g. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> </mml:math> ) co-propagating fields can be fully tuned by varying the polarization of the pump components. In order to start revealing the underlying mechanism of this control, we explore a relatively simple regime of this scheme that still gives rise to full control over the harmonics ellipticities. In this regime, the pumps are only slightly elliptical and the high harmonic radiation consists of two (different) interlocked attosecond pulse trains (APTs). We formulate a semi-analytic model that maps the high harmonic ellipticity to properties of the APTs harmonic decompositions. Utilizing this model, we reconstruct these APTs variables from measurements of the high harmonics ellipticities. This ellipticity-resolved spectroscopy of interlocked APTs may be useful for ultrafast probing of chiral degrees of freedom.
Systematic Controller Design for Dynamic 3D Bipedal Robot Walking. (2015)

Virtual constraints and hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) have emerged as a powerful framework for controlling bipedal robot locomotion, as evidenced by the robust, energetically efficient, and natural-looking walking and running gaits achieved by planar robots such as Rabbit, ERNIE, and MABEL. However, the extension to 3D robots is more subtle, as the choice of virtual constraints has a deciding effect on the stability of a periodic orbit. Furthermore, previous methods did not provide a systematic means of designing virtual constraints to ensure stability. This thesis makes both experimental and theoretical contributions to the control of underactuated 3D bipedal robots. On the experimental side, we present the first realization of dynamic 3D walking using virtual constraints. The experimental success is achieved by augmenting a robust planar walking gait with a novel virtual constraint for the lateral swing hip angle. The resulting controller is tested in the laboratory on a human-scale bipedal robot (MARLO) and demonstrated to stabilize the lateral motion for unassisted 3D walking at approximately 1 m/s. MARLO is one of only two known robots to walk in 3D with stilt-like feet. On the theoretical side, we introduce a method to systematically tune a given choice of virtual constraints in order to stabilize a periodic orbit of a hybrid system. We demonstrate the method to stabilize a walking gait for MARLO, and show that the optimized controller leads to improved lateral control compared to the nominal virtual constraints. We also describe several extensions of the basic method, allowing the use of a restricted Poincaré map and the incorporation of disturbance rejection metrics in the optimization. Together, these methods comprise an important contribution to the theory of HZD.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Differential recruitment of the splicing machinery during transcription predicts genome-wide patterns of mRNA splicing. (2007)

The splicing machinery associates with genes to facilitate efficient cotranscriptional mRNA processing. We have mapped these associations by genome localization analysis to ascertain how splicing is achieved and regulated on a system-wide scale. Our data show that factors important for intron recognition sample nascent mRNAs and are retained specifically at intron-containing genes via RNA-dependent interactions. Spliceosome assembly proceeds cotranscriptionally but completes posttranscriptionally in most cases. Some intron-containing genes were not bound by the spliceosome, including several developmentally regulated genes. On this basis, we predicted and verified regulated splicing and observed a role for nuclear mRNA surveillance in monitoring those events. Finally, we present evidence that cotranscriptional processing events determine the recruitment of specific mRNA export factors. Broadly, our results provide mechanistic insights into the coordinated regulation of transcription, mRNA processing, and nuclear export in executing complex gene expression programs. PMID: 17189192
Stereoselectivity of Penicillin Acylase Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis (2001)

Penicillin G Amidohydrolase (penicillin acylase) is a unique enzyme that exhibits exceptionally high affinity to phenylacetic acid derivatives. This article deals with the structural limits of acceptability of phenylacetate esters as substrates and their influence on stereoselectivity of penicillin acylase catalyzed ester hydrolysis. The structural limits of alcohol moiety and their influence on stereoselectivity of penicillin acylase catalyzed ester hydrolysis are also considered.
Stagnation Point Heat Transfer to an Axisymmetric Impinging Jet at Transition to Turbulence (2022)

Abstract A round air jet issuing from a long straight pipe and impinging perpendicularly onto a heated flat plate was investigated experimentally. The Reynolds number (Re) covered the fully laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent regimes—Re = 850–15,400. The main focus of this investigation was the transition regime, which occurred at Re = 2250–3010. Various measurements were recorded during the experiments using a hot-wire anemometer, an infrared thermometer, and a thermopile heat flux sensor; the mass transfer was measured using the naphthalene sublimation technique. The stagnation point heat transfer was correlated to the laminar and turbulent regimes in the form of the stagnation point Nusselt number, Nu0 = CRemPr0.4, where the exponent m = 0.50 and 0.55, respectively. The Nu0–Re relationship exhibited nonmonotonic behavior (decrease) in the transition regime. Two counteracting mechanisms occur during transition—jet core shortening and an increase in velocity fluctuation; the former reduces Nu0, whereas the latter increases it.
Linear-phase perfect reconstruction filter bank: lattice structure, design, and application in image coding (2000)

A lattice structure for an M-channel linear-phase perfect reconstruction filter bank (LPPRFB) based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) is introduced. The lattice can be proven to use a minimal number of delay elements and to completely span a large class of LPPRFBs: all analysis and synthesis filters have the same FIR length, sharing the same center of symmetry. The lattice also structurally enforces both linear-phase and perfect reconstruction properties, is capable of providing fast and efficient implementation, and avoids the costly matrix inversion problem in the optimization process. From a block transform perspective, the new lattice can be viewed as representing a family of generalized lapped biorthogonal transform (GLBT) with an arbitrary number of channels M and arbitrarily large overlap. The relaxation of the orthogonal constraint allows the GLBT to have significantly different analysis and synthesis basis functions, which can then be tailored appropriately to fit a particular application. Several design examples are presented along with a high-performance GLBT-based progressive image coder to demonstrate the potential of the new transforms.
Tone diversity for OFDMA in broadband wireless communications (2006)

Abstract This paper presents two group‐based tone diversity schemes, namely, group‐orthogonal tone‐combining‐diversity (GO‐TCD) and group‐optimal tone‐selection‐diversity (GO‐TSD), for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system in broadband wireless communications. In both schemes, the entire frequency band of N sub‐carriers is divided into N G = N / L f sub‐carrier groups with each having L f sub‐carriers. When the channel knowledge is not available at the transmitter, GO‐TCD, which has a split‐and‐group structure to reduce the peak‐to‐average ratio (PAR) and employs the multi‐user detection for maximum‐likelihood (ML) estimation to increase the number of active users, is proposed and shown to provide a lower PAR and similar performance as compared with the group‐orthogonal multi‐carrier CDMA, and outperforms the random‐hopping (RH)‐OFDMA and matched‐filter based MC‐CDMA. When the channel knowledge is available at the transmitter, GO‐TSD can be used to select the best sub‐carrier in a given sub‐carrier group for any active user and shown to offer a throughput comparable to the optimal tone selection but with much less complexity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Rotor Whirl Forces Induced by the Tip Clearance Effect in Axial Flow Compressors (1993)

Abstract It is now widely recognized that destabilizing forces, tending to generate forward rotor whirl, are generated in axial flow turbines as a result of the non-uniform torque induced by the non-uniform tip-clearance in a deflected rotor — the so called Thomas/Alford force (Thomas, 1958 and Alford, 1965). It is also recognized that there will be a similar effect in axial flow compressors, but qualitative considerations cannot definitively establish the magnitude or even the direction of the induced whirling forces — that is, if they will tend to forward or backward whirl. Applying a “parallel compressor” model to simulate the operation of a compressor rotor deflected radially in its clearance, it is possible to derive a quantitative estimate of the proportionality factor β which relates the Thomas/Alford force in axial flow compressors (i.e., the tangential force generated by a radial deflection of the rotor) to the torque level in the compressor. The analysis makes use of experimental data from the GE Aircraft Engines Low Speed Research Compressor facility comparing the performance of three different axial flow compressors, each with four stages (typical of a mid-block of an aircraft gas turbine compressor) at two different clearances (expressed as a percent of blade length) — CL/L = 1.4% and CL/L = 2.8%. It is found that the value of β is in the range of +0.27 to −0.71 in the vicinity of the stages’ nominal operating line and +0.08 to −1.25 in the vicinity of the stages’ operation at peak efficiency. The value of β reaches a level of between −1.16 and −3.36 as the compressor is operated near its stalled condition. The final result bears a very strong resemblance to the correlation obtained by improvising a normalization of the experimental data of Vance and Laudadio (1984) and a generic relationship to the analytic results of Colding-Jorgensen (1990).
A Low Quiescent Current Asynchronous Digital-LDO With PLL-Modulated Fast-DVS Power Management in 40 nm SoC for MIPS Performance Improvement (2013)

A low quiescent current asynchronous digital- LDO (D-LDO) regulator integrated with a phase-locked loop (PLL)-modulated switching regulator (SWR) that achieves the near-optimum power management supply for core processor in system-on-chip (SoC). The parallel connection of the asynchronous D-LDO regulator and the ripple-based control SWR can accomplish fast-DVS (F-DVS) operation as well as high power conversion efficiency. The asynchronous D-LDO regulator controlled by bidirectional asynchronous wave pipeline realizes the F-DVS operation, which guarantees high million instructions per second (MIPS) performance of the core processor under distinct tasks. The use of a ripple-based control SWR operating with a leading phase amplifier ensures fast response and stable operation without the need for large equivalent-series-resistance, thus reducing the output voltage ripple for the enhancement of supply quality. The fabricated chip occupies 1.04 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 40 nm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that a 94% peak efficiency with a voltage tracking speed of 7.5 V/μs as well as the improved MIPS performance by 5.6 times was achieved.