gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Esters, Inorganic Esters (2003)

Abstract Inorganic esters of cellulose have a valuable place in history, from the birth of the plastics industry to elucidation of the genetic code. It is important not to forget the large number of applications in which these materials have played a role: coatings, explosives, pharmaceuticals, membranes, and synthetic intermediates. Though inorganic esters of cellulose have been around for &gt;100 years, these materials remain important tools for coatings scientists, explosives experts, and biochemists. This report provides a summary of work on inorganic esters of cellulose, including cellulose nitrate, cellulose phosphate, cellulose sulfate and cellulose sulfonates.
Tolerance and Long-Term MRI Imaging of Gadolinium-Modified Meshes Used in Soft Organ Repair (2015)

Meshes coated with Gd-PMA are better tolerated as compared to those coated with Gd-PCL as no signs of erosion or significant inflammation were detected at 30 days post implantation. Also, Gd-PMA coated meshes were clearly visualised with both 7T and 3T MRI devices. This new technique of mesh optimisation may represent a valuable tool in soft tissue repair and management.
NANOMIXED TiO2-Ga2O3THIN FILMS GROWN BY PLASMA ENHANCED ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION (PEALD) METHOD (2006)

ABSTRACT Various TiO2-Ga2O3 nanomixed thin films were prepared by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition with alternating supplies of reactant sources, Ti[N(CH3)2]4, [(CH)2GaNH2]3 and oxygen plasma. The surface morphologies of the thin films indicated that the nanomixed thin films were uniform and smooth. Ga and Ti were uniformed distributed on entire nanomixed thin film, and no carbon contaminations were detected inside the thin film. The electrical properties of Pt/film/Si structure were investigated. The first layer of the nanomixed thin films with different materials annealed at same conditions showed the different behaviors. Transmittances of the nanomixed thin films deposited on quartz substrates were also investigated, and the band gap energies were calculated by fitting the absorption edge of the transmittance spectra.
Synthesis and Characterization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White Solution via Sol‐Gel Method (2012)

Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are synthesized by a simple and cost‐effective process with and without freshly water‐soluble egg white proteins (albumin) via sol‐gel method. The main advantage of using egg white proteins as a gelling agent is that it can provide long‐term stability for nanoparticles by preventing particles agglomeration. The X‐ray diffraction and FTIR results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles have only the anatase structure without the presence of any other phase impurities. Additionally, the TNPs are characterized by a number of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible spectra (UV‐vis). The sizes of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with and without using egg white solution are 12.55 ± 3.42 nm and 21.45 ± 4.21 nm, respectively. The results indicate that egg white solution is a reliable and cheap green gelling agent that can be used as a matrix in the sol‐gel method to synthesis tiny size TNPs.
Isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury and diastolic dysfunction in mice: structural and functional correlates. (2009)

The objective of this study was to determine whether a simple, noninvasive method involving administration of isoproterenol could be used to produce myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction in the mouse heart with a low incidence of mortality. Adult Swiss-Webster mice were injected with isoproterenol (100 mg/kg SC) once daily for 5 d. Myocardial histology and left ventricular (LV) function were assessed 10 to 14 d after the last isoproterenol injection in 14 surviving isoproterenol-treated mice and 15 saline-treated control mice. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures were evaluated in vitro by means of isovolumically contracting, perfused Langendorff preparations. Isoproterenol induced marked endocardial injury, associated with hypertrophy of surviving myocytes, and an increase in myocardial fibrosis (collagen types I and III according to picrosirius red microscopy). The hearts from isoproterenol-treated mice demonstrated decreased LV compliance, as evidenced by an upward shift in the diastolic pressure-volume relationship, with normal LV systolic function. Isoproterenol administration provides a simple, noninvasive means to induce endocardial injury and diastolic dysfunction without significant impairment of systolic function. This model has a low incidence of mortality and may be useful to assess the effects of gene or stem cell therapy on cardiac dysfunction without the potential confounding effects of invasive procedures.
Stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic addition reactions to alkoxycarbene cations of the iron chiral auxiliary [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)] (2013)

Alkoxy carbene complexes incorporating the iron chiral auxiliary [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)] were prepared in good yields from either the corresponding acyl complexes or methoxymethyl complex of the auxiliary. A range of nucleophilic addition reactions to these alkoxy carbene complexes showed moderate to high diastereoselectivities and the reactive conformations of the carbene complexes under these conditions are discussed.
Biochemical and hematological markers as brucellosis indicators in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia (2022)

Human brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease in the world. It is common infectious disease in Najran region, south western of Saudi Arabia. Several studies emphasized on the role of biochemical and hematological markers in clinical diagnosis of brucellosis, however to the best of our knowledge this is the first study that has been carried out in Najran city. This study aimed to assess the utility of peripheral blood biochemical and hematological in early diagnosis of brucellosis in infected patients. As well as, determine the contributing value of biochemical and hematological markers in differential diagnosis of brucellosis. A cross sectional study (October 2019 to May 2020) had been carried out. The study was designed to compare between two groups (100 each), control group (healthy) and patient group (brucellosis). We considered here the liver function Test (Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, and Alkaline phosphatase), the Renal Function Test (Urea, Creatinine and Albumin) and the Full Blood Count. Both brucellosis and healthy groups compared together using different settings of statistical analysis. Significant variations in hematology and biochemistry parameters were observed in patients infected with brucellosis. There was a significantly increased in Alanine aminotransferase and Monocytes level compared to healthy group while other indices of Albumin, Eosinophils, Platelet distribution width, and Mean platelet volume were significantly decreased compared to healthy group. Furthermore, demographically age factor was not significantly differed in both groups. However, there was priority for gender while, males were most vulnerable. Brucella infection may be associated with monocytosis, eosinopenia, thrombocytopenia and low level of albumin and elevated level of alanine aminotransferase. The study emphasized the importance of Biochemical and hematological parameters as simple, feasible and rapid tests as well as they are very indicative particularly in differential diagnosis.
Abstract B48: Regulation of mutant KRAS protein stability via SMURF2:UBCH5 complex mediated degradation of beta-TrCP1 (2014)

Abstract Attempts to target mutant KRAS have been unsuccessful. Most of the current therapeutic approaches are indirect, mainly via inhibiting KRAS down-stream signaling, which have been marginally successful. Here we report the identification of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2), a HECT-type ubiquitin ligase (E3) as a critical regulator of mutant KRAS protein stability. We show that the loss of SMURF2 either by si-/sh-RNA mediated gene silencing or by overexpression of a catalytically inactive SMURF2 Cys716Ala (CA) mutant, can cause lysosome-mediated KRAS degradation; whereas, overexpression of wild type SMURF2 enhances KRAS protein stability. Most importantly, we found that mutant KRAS protein is more susceptible to SMURF2 alterations in that mutant protein half-life decreased from &amp;gt;12h in control siRNA-treated cells to &amp;lt;3h with Smurf2 siRNA treatment, whereas only marginal differences were noted for wild-type KRAS protein upon similar treatments. Importantly, this loss of mutant KRAS protein could be rescued by overexpressing a siRNA-resistant (si-R) wild type SMURF2. Our data further show that SMURF2 along with an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), UBCH5, poly-ubiquitinates and degrades a Ras family E3, beta-Transducing Repeat Containing Protein 1 (beta-TrCP1). Conversely, beta-TrCP1 is accumulated upon the loss of SMURF2, leading to its increased binding and degradation of KRAS. Therefore, as expected, beta-TrCP1 knockdown following Smurf2 siRNA treatment rescues Smurf2 siRNA-mediated mutant KRAS loss. Functionally, we found a positive correlation between SMURF2 and KRAS protein levels among different cancer cell lines and demonstrated that a loss of SMURF2 reduces the clonogenic survival in vitro and prolongs tumor latency of mutant KRAS-dependent cells in vivo. Taken together, we show that SMURF2 catalytic activity is critical in maintaining mutant KRAS protein stability and propose that targeting of SMURF2 may be a unique strategy to degrade mutant KRAS and thus kill mutant KRAS-addicted cancer cells. Citation Format: Shirish Shukla, Uday Shankar Allam, Aarif Ahsan, Guoan Chen, David G. Beer, Theodore S. Lawrence, Mukesh K. Nyati, Dipankar Ray. Regulation of mutant KRAS protein stability via SMURF2:UBCH5 complex mediated degradation of beta-TrCP1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B48. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-B48
THE DESTRUCTION OF GLUCAGON, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN AND SOMATOTROPIN BY HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA* (1959)

Human blood contains an inactive proteolytic enzyme, plasminogen, which may be converted in vitro to its active form, plasmin, either spon- taneously or by the addition of various agents (1). A similar activation is believed to occur in vivo after exposure to a variety of noxious circumstances (2-6). Since plasmin catalyzes the hydrolysis of corticotropin A (7), it is pos- sible that circumstances which induce the acti- vation of plasmin will result also in an increase in the rate of destruction of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and other polypeptide hormones.
Galactose‐inducible Expression Systems in Candida maltosa using Promoters of Newly‐isolated GAL1 and GAL10 Genes (1997)

The GAL1 and GAL10 gene cluster encoding the enzymes of galactose utilization was isolated from an asporogenic yeast, Candida maltosa. The structure of the gene cluster in which both genes were divergently transcribed from the central promoter region resembled those of some other yeasts. The expression of both genes was strongly induced by galactose and repressed by glucose in the medium. Galactose-inducible expression vectors in C. maltosa were constructed on low- and high-copy number plasmids using the promoter regions of both genes. With these vectors and the β-galactosidase gene from Kluyveromyces lactis as a reporter, galactose-inducible expression was confirmed. Homologous overexpression of members of the cytochrome P-450 gene family in C. maltosa was also successful by using a high-copy-number vector under the control of these promoters. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optic Nerve Cross-Sectional Area Measurement with High-Resolution, Isotropic MRI in Optic Neuritis (P6.159) (2015)

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method of optic nerve (ON) segmentation with high-resolution, isotropic MRI. BACKGROUND:More than half of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients develop optic nerve lesions resulting in nerve atrophy, making optic neuritis useful to study the natural history of an isolated MS lesion. Yet high quality imaging of the ON is difficult due to its small size and tortuosity, leading to partial-volume effects and segmentation errors. High-resolution, isotropic images could be reoriented to be perpendicular to the ON’s long axis, allowing more accurate cross-sectional area measurement. DESIGN/METHODS:Five patients (mean age: 35 years, 3 women) underwent 3T MRI within 3 weeks of optic neuritis onset (3 with high-risk brain MRIs and 2 with MS) and 1 and 12 months after steroid treatment (by which time all had diagnosed MS). ON images were acquired with a T2-SPACE (Siemens) sequence at 600µm isotropic resolution (7.5min) with a customized coil. Images were reformatted orthogonal to the ON. To maximize image quality, reformatted images were averaged in sequential batches of three. Thus, each image represents a straightened 1.8mm portion of the ON. After manual segmentation, average cross-sectional area of unaffected and affected ONs was calculated. RESULTS:After exclusion of images with motion or other artifacts, all images were analyzed from the 15 cases. The mean coefficient of variation in unaffected eyes between baseline and month 1 was 6.4[percnt]. There was no cross-sectional area difference between unaffected (5.28±0.73mm2) and affected ONs (5.00±0.17mm2) at baseline. A year later, affected ONs were 8.2[percnt]±2[percnt] smaller than unaffected ONs (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS:Preliminary results demonstrate that our method of high-resolution ON area measurement captures optic nerve atrophy 12 months after optic neuritis. Future work with a larger cohort will assess whether our method could be refined to improve precision and adapted as an imaging marker for disease. Study supported by:Intramural research program, NIH/NINDS
2-D modeling and simulation of fluidic microsystems for biological fluids analysis (2003)

This paper describes a fluid dynamic model that is suitable for accurate simulation of the on-chip liquid handling and mixing. The fluidic die (or mixer) is an integrated part of a biological microsystem for biological fluids analysis. It is designed for enabling a mixing process driven by diffusion, which allows an easy-to-fabricate and low-cost mixer. The fabrication is based on planar technology using OIC compatible lithography, which yields narrow channels in the vertical direction. Computer simulations have been carried out to analyze the details of the flow and the diffusion in the mixer in order to derive the appropriate design criteria for the layout. The mixer has been fabricated using glass micromachining and wafer-to-glass bonding. The performance is demonstrated using the fast-reaction of infinityTM uric acid reagent with urine samples.
Paper #217: Biomechanical Assessment of Hip Capsular Repair and Reconstruction Procedures Using a 6 Degree‐Of‐Freedom Robotic System (2017)

To evaluate the effects of arthroscopically relevant conditions of the capsule through a robotic study. The results suggest that common hip arthroscopic capsulotomy procedures resulted in increased hip rotations and capsular repair and reconstruction partially restored hip range of motion. Thus, capsular repair or reconstruction should be considered in cases with risk of residual instability.
Humanlike shoulder complex for musculoskeletal robot arms (2012)

In recent years, musculoskeletal robots are being intensively studied to exploit the advantages of biological musculoskeletal systems for robot developments. In these robots, it is very important to assure engineering, biomechanical, and anatomical plausibility at the same time. However, these requirements are often in contradiction. Especially, in the human's shoulder complex, mimicking the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic joint has been difficult because of the need to assure a wide range of movement and the joint's stability at the same time. In this paper, we propose mechanical structures to realize the functions of the glenohumeral joints and scapulothoracic joint. These structures were used to develop a musculoskeletal robot arm driven by pneumatic artificial muscles. In addition, in order to verify the feasibility of the robot arm, we present a dynamic motion in which the robot arm throws a ball by a simple control strategy.
RTS hypervisor qualification for real-time systems (2016)

Virtualization is a synonym for the server and cloud computing arena. Recently, it started to be also applied to real-time embedded systems with timing constraints. However, virtualization products for data centers and desktop computing cannot be readily applied to embedded systems because of differences in requirements, use cases, and computer architecture. Bridging the gap between virtualization and real-time requirements imposes the need of real-time virtualization products. Therefore, some embedded software manufacturers have built several real-time hypervisors specialized for embedded systems. Currently, there are several commercial ones such as Greenhills INTEGRITY MultiVisor, Real-Time Systems (RTS) GmbH Hypervisor, Tenasys eVM for Windows, National Instruments Real-Time Hyper Hypervisor, and some others. This paper provides the behavior and performance results of evaluating RTS hypervisor and gives advices of its use for soft or hard real-time embedded systems.
Hollow Polymer Shells from Biological Templates: Fabrication and Potential Applications (2002)

Three-dimensional ultrathin polymer shells have been produced by a combination of step-by-step adsorption of polyelectrolytes on glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes and subsequent solubilization of the cytoplasmatic constituents by means of a deproteinizing agent. The obtained hollow films preserve both the size and shape of the templating cells. This opens a pathway for the fabrication of polymeric capsules within a wide range of size and shape by using various biological templates. They may have exciting potential applications, such as templates for nanocomposites, as containers for a large class of materials, or as cages for chemical reactions. The thickness of the films can be adjusted over a large range: from a few nm up to several tens of nm. The polymer shells are permeable to small molecules and ions but not to macromolecules. An increase in the ionic strength of the solution up to 100 mmol make the capsules permeable for proteins. Permeability and conductivity studies have provided evidence that the adsorption of lipids on polyelectrolyte layers is a means of producing capsules with controlled permeability properties. 6-Carboxyfluorescein and Rhodamin 6G were precipitated within the capsules.
New models for the clustering of large databases through a hierarchical paradigm (2005)

The recovery of information from large databases based on similarity approach supposes a high computational cost -when the process is carried out comparing each one of the records with the search pattern. If the database records store some data structure representing the information of the problem domain by means of a graph it is possible to classify these records using a hierarchical model which considers the structural basic elements of the graphs and diminishes the computational cost of the recovery process considerably. In this paper we propose a classification model based on structural elements (cycles and chains) for large and medium databases.
COMMUNICATION TO THE EDITOR The Inhibition of Escherichia coli lac Operon Gene Expression by Antigene Oligonucleotides—Mathematical Modeling (2000)

Abstract: Gene transcription is regulated by transcription factors that can bind to specific regions on DNA. Anti-gene oligonucleotides (oligos) can bind to specific re-gions on DNA and form a triplex with the double-stranded DNA. The triplex can competitively inhibit the binding of transcription factors and, as a result, transcrip-tion can be inhibited. A genetically structured model has been developed to quantitatively describe the inhibition of the Escherichia coli lac operon gene expression by triplex-forming oligos. The model predicts that the effect of triplex-forming oligos on the lac operon gene expres-sion depends on their target sites. Oligonucleotides tar-geted to the operator are much more effective than those targeted to other regulatory sites on the lac operon. In some cases, the effect of oligo binding is similar to that of a mutation in the lac operon. The model provides in-sight as to the specific binding site to be targeted to achieve the most effective inhibition of gene expression. The model is also capable of predicting the oligo con-centration needed to inhibit gene expression, which is in general agreement with results reported by other inves-
Impacts of Inorganic Material (Total Ash) on Surface Energy, Wettability, and Cohesion of Corn Stover (2020)

The impacts and variability of inorganic material (measured as total ash) on surface area, surface energy, wettability, and cohesion of corn stover samples from Iowa were examined. The impact of total ash on the acid component of surface energy was determined to be significant with the acid component increasing with increasing ash content, in particular, the samples with total ash contents greater than 10%. Negligible effects with ash content were observed on both the dispersive and base components of surface energy. The work of cohesion for the compositions of corn stover with varying amounts of total inorganic matter increased with increasing total ash content, giving rise to potential bulk solids handling and transport challenges related to segregation, agglomeration, rat-holing, arching, and discontinuous flow patterns. Both the wettability (hydrophilicity) and work of cohesion increased for compositions of corn stover with increasing total inorganic content. Washing proved effective at removing extrinsic inorganic material from corn stover with a reduction in total ash content from 20.4% to 6.2%, accompanied by a significant reduction (from 85.6 to 42.5 mJ/m2) in the acid component of the surface energy.
Supervised Exercise Versus Primary Stenting for Claudication Resulting From Aortoiliac Peripheral Artery Disease (2011)

URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00132743?order=1. Unique identifier: NCT00132743.
The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry (2016)

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ethylene-propylene rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride, is thermo-reversibly cross-linked in two steps. The pending anhydride moieties are first modified with furfurylamine to graft furan groups to the rubber backbone. These pendant furan groups are then cross-linked with a bis-maleimide via a Diels-Alder coupling reaction. Both reactions can be performed under a broad range of experimental conditions and can easily be applied on a large scale. The material properties of the resulting Diels-Alder cross-linked rubbers are similar to a peroxide-cured ethylene/propylene/diene rubber (EPDM) reference. The cross-links break at elevated temperatures (> 150 °C) via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction and can be reformed by thermal annealing at lower temperatures (50-70 °C). Reversibility of the system was proven with infrared spectroscopy, solubility tests and mechanical properties. Recyclability of the material was also shown in a practical way, i.e., by cutting a cross-linked sample into small parts and compression molding them into new samples displaying comparable mechanical properties, which is not possible for conventionally cross-linked rubbers.