gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CATALYTIC CRACKING OF TARS FROM COAL DEVOLATILIZATION (1987)

ABSTRACT A set of runs were performed on the catalytic and thermal cracking of the tars present fn the gasifier off-gas stream; the cracking referred to here Js essentially hydrocracking, in view of the considerable amount of hydrogen being present in the gas stream. The catalyst evaluated for tar cracking was a commercial cobalt-molybdenum catalyst, suppported on γ-Al2O3(Katalco-477). It was observed that there was a decrease in the amount of tar obtained with the cracking unit on-line with the gasifier; the tars were cracked to gaseous products in the presence of catalyst. Furthermore, it appeared that higher ring structures were transformed to less heavier components; thus cracking could become beneficial in downstream processing of the gas stream coming out of a gasifier.
Risk-Sensitive Optimization And Pricing For The Modern Power Grid (2021)

Integration of variable renewable and distributed energy resources in the grid makes demand and supply conditions uncertain. In this talk, we explore customized algorithms and meaningful pricing design for risk-sensitive market clearing, where power delivery risk is modeled via the conditional value at risk (CVaR) measure. The market clearing formulations are such that they allow a system operator to effectively explore the cost-reliability tradeoff. We discuss algorithmic architectures to solve these risk-sensitive optimization problems and then derive pricing mechanisms to accompany a risk-sensitive dispatch.
Influence of cyclophosphamide and other immunosuppressive drugs on immune disorders and neoplasia in NZB/NZW MICE (1975)

NZB/NZW mice were treated with various immunosuppressive drugs used in human SLE. Cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg 6 days out of 7), alone or with prednisolone, was better than azathioprine, prednisolone, or azathioprine-plus-prednisolone, in prolonging survival and/or reducing proteinuria, Coomb's antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and glomerular deposits of gamma-globulin. Intermittent bolus therapy with cyclophosphamide (59 mg/kg/10 days) was as effective as daily therapy. However, 61% of the mice receiving any cyclophosphamide regimen developed malignant tumors compared to none in the other groups.
Bilateral congenital dacryocystocele as a cause of respiratory distress in a newborn. (2004)

Newborns with respiratory distress and nasal obstruction must be examined for congenital dacryocystocele. This disease is caused by a stenosis in the proximal and distal area of the nasolacrimal duct and leads to a cystic dilatation of this duct. A case of a newborn with bilateral dacryocystocele and dyspnoea is presented. The otorhinolaryngologic as well as the paediatric examination could only reveal in the rhinoscopic examination a tumor of the left nasal cavity that partly obstructed the endonasal space. No other pathologic findings were detected. To clarify the origin and the localization of the tumor as well as to exclude an intracranial relation, a magnetic resonance imaging of the middle face and the frontal skull base was performed. After probe and rinsing of the lacrimal ducts the symptoms improved rapidly. In newborns with nasal obstruction a bilateral rhinoscopy of the lower nasal meatus is required to exclude the existence of a dacryocystocele.
Short Schnorr signatures require a hash function with more than just random-prefix resistance. (2015)

Neven, Smart and Warinschi (NSW) proved, in the generic group model, that full-length Schnorr signatures require only random-prefix resistant hash functions to resist passive existential forgery. Short Schnorr signatures halve the length of the hash function, and have been conjectured to provide a similar level of security. The NSW result is too loose to provide a meaningful security for short Schnorr signatures, but Neven, Smart and Warinschi conjecture that this is mere artefact of the proof technique, and not an essential deficiency of the short Schnorr signatures. In particular, this amounts to a con-jecture that short Schnorr signature are secure under the same set of assumptions, namely random-prefix resistance of the hash function. This report provides a counterexample to the latter conjecture, in other words, a separation result. It finds a hash function that seems to suggest random-prefix resistance does not suffice for short Schnorr signatures. In other words, the loose reduction implicit in the NSW theorem is as tight as possible. Obviously, this result does not preclude the possibility of another proof for short Schnorr signatures, based on different hash function security properties such as preimage resistance.
Peptide Bond Formation in Nonribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis (1998)

Recently, considerable insight has been gained into the modular organization and catalytic properties of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. However, molecular and biochemical aspects of the condensation of two aminoacyl substrates or a peptidyl and an aminoacyl substrate, leading to the formation of a peptide bond, have remained essentially impenetrable. To investigate this crucial part of nonribosomal peptide synthesis, an in vitro assay for a dipeptide formation was developed. Two recombinant holomodules, GrsA (PheATE), providing D-Phe, and a C-terminally truncated TycB, corresponding to the first, L-Pro-incorporating module (ProCAT), were investigated. Upon combination of the two aminoacylated modules, a fast reaction is observed, due to the formation of the linear dipeptide D-Phe-L-Pro-S-enzyme on ProCAT, followed by a noncatalyzed release of the dipeptide from the enzyme. The liberated product was identified by TLC, high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, and comparison with a chemically synthesized standard to be the expected D-Phe-L-Pro diketopiperazine. Further minimization of the two modules was not possible without a loss of transfer activity. Likewise, a mutation in a proposed active-site motif (HHXXXDG) of the condensation domain giving ProCAT(H147V), abolished the condensation reaction. These results strongly suggest the condensation domain to be involved in the catalysis of nonribosomal peptide bond formation with the histidine 147 playing a catalytic role.
An Outdoor Adventure Program for Young Adults with Cancer: Positive Effects on Body Image and Psychosocial Functioning (2014)

This study evaluated the psychological effects of an outdoor adventure program on young adult cancer survivors (ages 18-39). The 6-day adventure program included personal instruction and supervision on the basics of kayaking, surfing, or climbing. Compared to a wait-list control group, participants who took part in the program for the first time had improved (relative to pretest) body image, self-compassion and self-esteem, and less depression and alienation. Participants who took part for the second time, though also helped by the program in similar ways, were no better off psychologically than participants who took part for the first time. Possible explanations for the positive effects and their apparent short duration are offered.
Involvement of purinergic receptors and NOD‐like receptor‐family protein 3‐inflammasome pathway in the adenosine triphosphate‐induced cytokine release from macrophages (2014)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been described as a danger signal activating the NOD-like receptor-family protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome leading to the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, release in the lung. The NLRP3-inflammasome pathway has been previously described to be involved in experimental collagen deposition and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and P2X7 purinergic receptor in the activation of human macrophages in vitro by ATP. We showed that adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate tetralithium salt (ATPγS) and 2',3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP), two stable analogs of ATP, are able to potentiate the release of IL-1β from human monocyte-derived macrophages induced by low concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, in the same conditions no increase in IL-1α and IL-6 was observed. Immunochemistry has shown that human macrophages natively express NLRP3 and purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7 R). NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA expression were induced from LPS-primed macrophages, but also after 5-h treatment of BzATP as analysed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, other inflammasome pathways (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRC4, NLRP6 and AIM2) and P2X7 R were not induced by BzATP. We observed that P2X7 R antagonists, A-438079 and A-740003, were able to reduce the release of IL-1β, but not of IL-1α and IL-6 from macrophages stimulated by ATPγS or BzATP. The present results showed the involvement of the P2X7 R-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the secretion of IL-1β from ATP-stimulated human macrophages, and suggest that P2X7 R were not involved in IL-1α and IL-6 release. This study also points out that repression of the P2X7 R represents a novel potential therapeutic approach to control fibrosis in lung injury.
A Semiconductor Material And Method For Enhancing Solubility Of A Dopant Therein (2023)

A method for enhancing the equilibrium solubility of boron ad indium in silicon. The method involves first-principles quantum mechanical calculations to determine the temperature dependence of the equilibrium solubility of two important p-type dopants in silicon, namely boron and indium, under various strain conditions. The equilibrium thermodynamic solubility of size-mismatched impurities, such as boron and indium in silicon, can be raised significantly if the silicon substrate is strained appropriately. For example, for boron, a 1% compressive strain raises the equilibrium solubility by 100% at 1100.degree. C.; and for indium, a 1% tensile strain at 1100.degree. C., corresponds to an enhancement of the solubility by 200%.
Temperature effect on electric vehicle battery cycle life in Vehicle-to-grid applications (2010)

Electric vehicles (EVs) can form a massive energy storage system (referred as Vehicle-to-grid, V2G) in electrical power system, charging during low demand times and discharging when power is in need and prices are high, with consequences of reduced peak load, system reliability improvement, CO 2 emission reduction and economic benefits. Regulators, policy analysts, utility companies and EV owners have been debating the merits of using EVs as mass energy storages in power system operation. At the core of this debate is the cost and benefits of EV batteries in V2G application. The paper analyses three types of EV batteries: lead-acid, lithium-ion and NiMH, which have been the top three contending technologies for EV batteries due to a combination of performance capability, safety, life and cost. Simulation studies were carried out based on applications in China. Numerical results show that ambient temperature plays a crucial role in the cost of battery wear; consequently the cost of EV participating in V2G in summer is much greater than that in any other season. An increase in ambient temperature results in reduced EV battery cycle life. Results also show that given current vehicle battery costs and current utility electricity tariff structure in China, no EV would be cost-effective as peak power resources. However, lithium-ion based EVs have the greatest potential for V2G due to its long lifetime and lower sensitivity to ambient temperature. The results presented in this paper can be a reference for the policy maker to stipulate incentives encouraging EVs to participate in V2G application.
A reliable communication and localization method for gas pipeline robot chain based on RSSI theory (2017)

Due to the huge microwave attenuation in small steel gas pipelines, the wireless in-pipe robots are unable to complete the inspection and maintenance in long distance. In this research, an approach of a reliable communication and localization method based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) theory and ultrasonic measurement for gas pipeline robot chain is proposed. Without any GPS modules in the pipe, the robots are able to measure and calculate a certain distance from the adjacent one by detecting and estimating the received wireless signal strength. Such approach enables the all members among the robot chain to cooperate and coordinate, and finally complete the pipeline inspection and maintenance. In addition, this paper describes a “leader-follower” control approach in pipe to support the RSSI-based communication. The leader robot is responsible for the task of whole pipe inspection with wireless remote control by operator, and the follower robots act as the wireless “signal relay station” for communication. Finally, such pipe robot chain cooperate and coordinate together, so that they are able to complete the inspection successfully. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method by using virtual reality simulation. The simulation result indicated that the proposed method could realize the reliable wireless communication and localization for the pipeline robots.
Synthesis and thermal stability of novel anion exchange resins with spacer chains (1997)

Spacer-modified anion exchange resins were prepared by suspension copolymerization of ω-bromoalkylstyrenes or ω-bromoalkyloxymethylstyrenes with 2–8 mol % of divinylbenzene, followed by quaternization with trimethylamine. The thermal stability of the spacer-modified anion exchangers of the OH form was examined by standing the resins in deionized water at 100–140°C for 30–90 days. The anion exchangers with alkylene chains such as butylene or heptylene groups between the benzene ring and the quaternary nitrogen exhibited higher thermal stability compared with commercial, strongly basic anion exchangers with benzylic ammonium groups. The thermal stability of the exchangers with butyleneoxymethylene or hexyleneoxymethylene spacers was also higher than that of the commercial exchangers. The exchanger with the propyleneoxymethylene spacer, however, had less stability than did the commercial ones. The decreased stability of this spacer-modified exchanger is due to the accelerated degradation of the spacer chain via Hofmann elimination. The excellent stability of the anion exchangers with alkylene or alkyleneoxymethylene spacers, except propyleneoxymethylene, results from the structure of the exchangers, where there are no reactive benzylic carbons, which are attached directly to the quaternary nitrogen. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1161–1167, 1997
Improving forecast accuracy for grid demand and renewables supply with pattern-match features (2016)

Short term forecasts of electricity demand and renewables supply are vital for smart grid applications, and in particular for the successful integration of renewables. Improved forecasting of these quantities supports several aspects of smart grid control and deployment, including planning, pricing, staffing, and more. Globally, there is a target for renewables engagement of ~36% (percentage of renewables in the global energy mix) by 2030. This is expected to increase global GDP by 1.1%, and to substantially reduce GHG emissions. It is well known that one of the main barriers to the integration of renewables is the relatively unpredictable nature of renewables availability. A further difficulty (in many grid applications, irrespective of renewables), is the similarly unpredictable nature of energy demand. In this paper we explore an idea in the area of time series prediction that was developed specifically for grid-relevant applications, and we test this method on wind-speed data and on energy demand data. The basis of the approach is the exploitation of patterns in the time series that are maximally similar to the current context. However, unlike previous work that has explored the use of such pattern-matching directly for prediction, we instead use the outcome of pattern matching to generate one or more additional features for the subsequent machine learning. Experiments suggest that (i) the approach reliably leads to improved forecasts; and (ii) the approach has wide applicability, independent of the machine learning approach in use.
Update on Epstein-Barr virus and gastric cancer (Review) (2015)

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype that accounts for nearly 10% of gastric carcinomas. EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. EBVaGC has characteristic clinicopathological features, including predominance among males, a proximal location in the stomach, lymphoepithelioma-like histology and a favorable prognosis. EBVaGC belongs to latency type I or II, in which EBERs, EBNA-1, BARTs, LMP-2A and BART miRNAs are expressed. Previous studies have shown that some EBV latent genes have oncogenic properties. Recent advances in genome-wide and comprehensive molecular analyses have demonstrated that both genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to EBVaGC carcinogenesis. Genetic changes that are characteristic of EBVaGC include frequent mutations in PIK3CA and ARID1A and amplification of JAK2 and PD-L1/L2. Global CpG island hypermethylation, which induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes, is also a unique feature of EBVaGC and is considered to be crucial for its carcinogenesis. Furthermore, post-transcriptional gene expression regulation by cellular and/or EBV-derived microRNAs has attracted considerable attention. These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. In the present review we highlight the latest findings on EBVaGC from clinicopathological and molecular perspectives to provide a better understanding of EBV involvement in gastric carcinogenesis.
Optimal control policy for substrate inhibited kinetics with enzyme deactivation in an isothermal CSTR (1983)

Abstract A slow enzyme deactivation process taking place in parallel with the main enzymatic reaction in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor can cause a departure from the optimal operating conditions, or, even a reactor failure. One way of minimizing productivity losses and maintaining optimal reactor conditions is by properly manipulating the flow rate of the reactor. The optimal flow‐control policy for typical enzyme kinetics with parallel enzyme deactivation is derived. Both the complete and an approximate analytical solution are presented. The approximate solution, which is actually a quasisteady‐state solution, is a very good approximation when the deactivation process is slow compared to the main enzymatic reaction and can be easily implemented as a feedback control based on the current state of the reactor. If the deactivation kinetics is the same as that of the main reaction and the cost of the reactant is negligible compared to that of the product, the quasisteady‐state solution is indeed the exact solution.
Frog公司：绿色尽管不易，我们仍会坚持 (2008)

也许没有任何一个地方比这家设计公—刮对绿色环保吏有热情。用它们总裁兼首席运营官Doreen Lorenzo的话来说，他们“不断希望通过做得更好来改变这个世界”。 这家公司名为Frog（青蛙设计），是一家拥有350多名员上、业务遍布四个国家的创意咨询公刮。5月份，公司在奥斯丁的一名高级设计分析师宣传要计划过两周没有垃圾箱的生活，
Photoisomerization of 2-(Hept-6-enyl)cyclopent-12-enones to Tricyclo[7.3.0.0]dodecan-12-ones (1997)

On irradiation (λ>340 nm), the newly synthesized 2-(hept-6-enyl)cyclopent-2-enones 1 and 2 isomerize selectively to the straight cycloadducts (tricyclo[7.3.0.0{???}]dodecan-12-ones) 10 and 11, respectively.
Imaging Lattice Defects and Distortions in Alkali-Metal Iodides Encapsulated within Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

The alkali-metal iodide double-walled carbon nanotube composites MI@DWNTs (M = K, Cs) have been prepared using a melt-phase filling procedure. The imaging and subsequent structural analysis of the encapsulated metal iodide crystals was performed with a combination of phase restored high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technique, structural modeling, and image simulation. The atomically resolved structures of the MI crystals were seen to contain several lattice defects including interstitials and vacancies as well as distortions of the crystal planes including shearing and rotation.
Rotational Diffusion Constant of a Cylindrical Particle (1960)

The torque constant of a closed cylinder rotating in a viscous medium has been calculated for length (2a) over width (2b) ratios larger than 3.5 to within a first order in b/a. The analysis demonstrates how the contributions to the viscous dissipation tend to be underestimated in hydrodynamic considerations so that the geometrical values deduced from them come out too high. Experimental results for the torque on cylindrical rods and ellipsoids for a/b values from 3.5 to 30 are close to the theoretical results. For a/b&amp;gt;10 the difference is about 10%; for shorter molecules 20%. With the rotational diffusion constant given by 3kT (σ—γ)/8πηa3ω, where σ=log2a/b we obtain best fit with γ(σ&amp;gt;2)=1.57–7 (1/σ—0.28)2±0.25. Experimental data for the rotational diffusion constant of a cylindrical virus (a/b=20) in water, obtained by O'Konski and Haltner agree with this result within 10%. The length of the protein fits within 3%.
Verifying thermal/thermo-mechanical behavior of a 3D stack &#x2014; challenges and solutions (2010)

The paper describes the design challenges for a low-cost 3D Cu-TSV technology. Based on experimental characterization, we'll indicate the importance of extending the chip package co-design flow with thermo-mechanical simulations of the chip stack. We propose a new design flow hereto which leverages information captured by “smart mechanical samples” .
Tolerance of Droplet-Digital PCR vs Real-Time Quantitative PCR to Inhibitory Substances (2013)

minimize false-negative results caused by flanking-sequence deletions/polymorphisms, a potential pitfall for all PCR-based assays.
Robust Scheduling for Wireless Charger Networks (2019)

In this paper, we deal with the problem of Robust schedUling for wireLess charger nEtworks (RULE), i.e., given a number of rechargeable devices, each of which may drift within a certain range, and a number of directional chargers with fixed positions and adjustable orientations distributed on a 2D plane, determining the orientations of the wireless chargers to maximize the overall expected charging utility while taking the charging power jittering into consideration. To address the problem, we first model the charging power as a random variable, and apply area discretization technique to divide the charging area into several subareas to approximate the charging power as the same random variable in each subarea and bound the approximation error. Then, we discretize the orientations of chargers to deal with the unlimited searching space of orientations with performance bound. Finally, by proving the submodularity of the problem after the above transformations, we propose an algorithm that achieves (1/2-ε)-approximation ratio. We conduct both simulation and field experiments, and the results show that our algorithm can perform better than other comparison algorithms by 103.25% on average.
Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Opioids versus Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Postoperative Analgesia in Outpatient Rhinoplasty (2020)

Therapeutic, II.