gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein AI as Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Does the Future of Preventive Cardiology Include Weekly Injections of the HDL Protein? (2003)

Conventional wisdom suggests that halting or reversing long-term atherosclerosis requires increasing the amount of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) coursing through the vasculature. However, recent evidence seems to indicate that reducing the size of cholesterol-containing lipid plaques might be accomplished by methods that either do not raise or, in fact, lower the amount of circulating HDL. Carriers of apoAI(Milano), a variant of apoprotein AI (a component of HDL), have reduced levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Intriguingly, these individuals have reduced amounts of circulating HDL and total apoAI. Infusions of the ApoAI(Milano) variant given to patients with coronary atherosclerosis appear to lead to disease regression and reduced plaque size. However, larger studies are required to provide definitive proof of apoAI(Milano)'s benefits. What is certain is that attention should be focused on the removal of cholesterol from plaques rather than simply desiring to raise HDL concentrations in patients.
A new method of formation of the masking image (relief) directly during the electron-beam exposure of the resist (2013)

A new method of dry electron-beam etching of some positive resists directly during exposure is proposed. It is shown that exposure of the PMMA resist (the layer 80–85 nm thick on the Si wafer) by electrons with energy of 15–20 keV in vacuum at temperatures of 115–170°C (above the glass-transition temperature of the PMMA) leads to the effective etching of the resist at relatively low exposure doses by a factor of 10–100 smaller than the exposure doses of this resist in the conventional “wet” lithography. It is assumed that the direct etching proceeds by the mechanism of the radical-chain depolymerization of the PMMA resist to a monomer. The high efficiency of the suggested method for the formation of spatial 3D structures in the PMMA resist is shown.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Eyes with Glaucoma Implants (2013)

Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty seems to be feasible in the management of corneal endothelial decompensation in eyes with glaucoma implants. Graft attachment, IOP, and endothelial cell density should be followed up closely.
Mechanistic Elucidations of Highly Dispersed Metalloporphyrin Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysts for CO2Electroreduction (2022)

Immobilization of porphyrin complexes into crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) enables high exposure of porphyrin active sites for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction. Herein, well-dispersed iron-porphyrin-based MOF (PCN-222(Fe)) on carbon-based electrodes revealed optimal turnover frequencies for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction to CO at 1 wt.% catalyst loading, beyond which the intrinsic catalyst activity declined due to CO<sub>2</sub> mass transport limitations. In situ Raman suggested that PCN-222(Fe) maintained its structure under electrochemical bias, permitting mechanistic investigations. These revealed a stepwise electron transfer-proton transfer mechanism for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction on PCN-222(Fe) electrodes, which followed a shift from a rate-limiting electron transfer to CO<sub>2</sub> mass transfer as the potential increased from -0.6 V to -1.0 V vs. RHE. Our results demonstrate how intrinsic catalytic investigations and in situ spectroscopy are needed to elucidate CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction mechanisms on PCN-222(Fe) MOFs.
Role of Balloon Guide Catheter in Modern Endovascular Thrombectomy (2019)

Proximal flow control achieved with a balloon guide catheter (BGC) during endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke is reviewed in this article. In clinical practice, BGCs offer a multi-faceted approach for clot retrieval by creating proximal flow arrest, reducing embolic burden, and shortening procedure time. Evaluation of frontline thrombectomy procedures with BGCs revealed advantages of combined use over the conventional guide catheter (CGC), notably in the significant reduction of distal emboli to both the affected and previously unaffected territories. Recently, new measures of early and complete reperfusion at first thrombectomy pass have been identified as independent predictors of improved outcomes, which were consistently demonstrated with use of BGC as a safe and effective option to minimize number of passes during intervention. Prior randomized controlled trials reported the positive correlation between BGC-treated patients and a lower risk of mortality as well as shortened procedure time. While BGC use is more common in stent retriever-mediated mechanical thrombectomy, preliminary data has shown the potential benefit of device application during contact aspiration thrombectomy to achieve successful recanalization. However, the question of which major endovascular strategy reigns superior as a frontline remains to be answered. Along with clinical case assessments, BGC performance during in-vitro simulation was analyzed to further understand mechanisms for optimization of thrombectomy technique.
Photodiagnostic techniques for the endoscopic detection of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions (2003)

Considerable attention is given to the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies as they remain the second leading cause of cancer‐associated deaths in developed countries. Detection and intervention at an early stage of preneoplastic development significantly improve patient survival. High‐risk assessment of asymptomatic patients is currently performed by strict endoscopic surveillance biopsy protocols aimed at early detection of dysplasia and malignancy. However, poor sensitivity associated with frequent surveillance programs incorporating conventional screening tools, such as white light endoscopy and multiple random biopsy, is a significant limitation. Recent advances in biomedical optics are illuminating new ways to detect premalignant lesions of the GI tract with endoscopy. The present review presents a summary report on the newest developments in modern GI endoscopy, which are based on novel optical endoscopic techniques: fluorescence endoscopic imaging and spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, light scattering spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, chromoendoscopy, confocal fluorescence endoscopy and immunofluorescence endoscopy. Relying on the interaction of light with tissue, these ‘state‐of‐the‐art’ techniques potentially offer an improved strategy for diagnosis of early mucosal lesions by facilitating targeted excisional biopsies. Furthermore, the prospects of real‐time ‘optical biopsy’ and improved staging of lesions may significantly enhance the endoscopist's ability to detect subtle preneoplastic mucosal changes and lead to curative endoscopic ablation of these lesions. Such advancements within this specialty will be rewarded in the long term with improved patient survival and quality of life.
Risk-Adjusting Hospital Inpatient Mortality Using Automated Inpatient, Outpatient, and Laboratory Databases (2008)

Efforts to support improvement of hospital outcomes can take advantage of risk-adjustment methods based on automated physiology and diagnosis data that are not confounded by information obtained after hospital admission.
Influence of a probiotic/trace mineral mixture on growth performance and Salmonella choleraesuis shedding in nursery pigs (1996)

We tested a probiotic/trace mineral mixture using a bacterial challenge model in high-health status pigs. We examined the influence of the mixture on growth performance, hematologic parameters, haptoglobin concentration, and Salmonella choleraesuis shedding in nursery pigs. A successful model of S. cholereasuis challenge was established. However, the probiotic/trace mineral mixture did not influence growth performance, bacterial shedding, or other parameters examined in this experiment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1996
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Primary Effusion Lymphoma (2000)

Abstract Background.—A rare subset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lymphomas, known as primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), are high-grade tumors carrying human herpes virus 8. Mechanisms postulated to contribute to lymphomagenesis include impaired immune surveillance, alterations in hemopoietic regulatory pathways due to expressed viral genes, and acquisition of genomic alterations in regions of the genome that contain regulatory genes. In PEL, limited information exists about the nature of genome-wide aberrations in these rare lymphomas. Methods.—We used comparative genomic hybridization to detect regions of sequence gain and loss throughout the genome of 8 PEL cases. Regions of DNA sequence loss or gain were confirmed using forward and reverse hybridization and t-statistic analyses. Results.—Genomic aberrations were identified in 6 of 8 cases, including recurrent gain of sequence in chromosomes 12 [ish enh (12q22;12q23, 12q12;12q23)] in 3 of 8 cases and X [ish enh (X, Xp)] in 2 of 8 cases. Conclusions.—DNA copy number changes occurred in a majority of PEL cases and are consistent with changes observed in other HIV lymphomas. These observations suggest that common genetic events may occur in HIV-associated lymphoid malignancies, but they probably do not contribute to the unique markers and morphology of PEL. Although individual genetic loci have been evaluated previously in a few PEL cases, to our knowledge this study represents the first reported genome-wide scan of copy number changes in these rare HIV-associated tumors.
Strength Improvement via Coating of a Cylindrical Hole by Layer-by-Layer Assembled Polymer Particles (2010)

Negatively charged colloidal poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) (P(MMA-BA)) particles and positively charged dissolved poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) were adsorbed onto a cement block using a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique. The block was fashioned so as to have a cylindrical hole running from one face to another along the long axis of the rectangular block, and a fluid containing either of the two charged materials was pumped through the block. The result was a film tens of micrometers thick, and the pressure required to crack the cement block was measured after one end of the hole was sealed. Latex particles with a T(g) near the use temperature showed the maximum improvement in the cracking stress of the blocks. In a multilayer coating with identically sized particles, the cracking stress of the blocks increased to an improvement of 25% and then dropped off with increasing number of layers, even though the relationship between film thickness and the number of layers was linear. An improvement of about 30% in the cracking stress of the coated blocks was obtained when using multiple layers with different particle sizes. The effects of the number of layers and particle size on the cracking stress suggest that both the morphology and the thickness of the film play a role in performance. Tests done under confinement, e.g., with an external stress applied to the outside of the blocks, suggest that not only does a film-forming mechanism contribute to performance but that filling of microcracks in the rock may also play a role.
Subcutaneous Immunoglobulins: A Promising Alternative for Immunomodulation? (2016)

Cumulative recent evidence from clinical trials, observational studies and case reports has shown that subcutaneous administration of immunoglobulin (SCIg) exerts similar immunomodulatory capacity than intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in autoimmune neurological diseases. Besides the beneficial clinical effects, the profile of safety and autonomy for the patient is higher for SCIg, while it is cost-saving in terms of the health resources used. However, there are still very few approved indications for SCIg and a certain resistance to choose SCIg for other autoimmune conditions even despite patients' interests. Here we present an updated review of the known immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of Ig and the current hypothesis supporting the clinical and immunological advantages of SCIg over IVIg that derive from their specific pharmacokinetic features.
Abstract 4124: Ovarian cancer survival by tumor subtype (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Epithelial ovarian cancer is heterogeneous, with subgroups defined by cell of origin (ovary vs. fallopian tube), histology, and carcinogenic pathway (the etiologic pathway through which tumors arise: type I tumors develop on the ovarian surface and are low grade serous or mucinous histology; type II tumors develop through endometriotic implantation and are clear cell or endometrioid histology; type III tumors originate in the fallopian tube and are high grade serous histology). Although differences in associations have been observed with risk of incident ovarian cancer, few studies have examined differences in survival by subtype. In the New England Case-Control Study of ovarian cancer (NECC), we examined differences in survival by tumor dominance (a surrogate for cell of origin), histology, and carcinogenic pathway. Methods: Among 2076 women with epithelial ovarian cancer (1991-2008), 892 deaths were observed. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of ovarian cancer subtype with overall survival, adjusting for age at diagnosis, study phase, year of diagnosis (as a proxy for treatment), BMI, and smoking status. Results: Serous invasive tumors were more likely to be non-dominant (likely fallopian origin) and type III. Compared to serous invasive tumors, all other tumor histologies had statistically significantly improved survival. Similarly, dominant tumors (i.e., likely ovarian origin) had greater survival than non-dominant tumors (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.31-0.47). Type I (mucinous and low grade serous) and type II (endometrioid and clear cell) tumors had better survival than type III (high grade serous) tumors (HR: 0.21; 95%CI: 0.16-0.28 and HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.18-0.29, respectively). Conclusion: Regardless of how subtype was defined, high grade, invasive serous tumors had worse survival compared to other tumor subtypes. This underscores the need for prevention and treatment targeted at these aggressive tumors. Table.Associations between tumor subtype and overall survivalSubtypeDeaths/CasesMedian Survival (years)HR (95% CI)HistologySerous invasive654/9683.21.00 (ref.)Serous borderline25/25010.10.35 (0.18-0.67)Mucinous36/2427.10.38 (0.25-0.58)Endometrioid68/3314.70.28 (0.21-0.37)Clear cell29/1163.40.30 (0.21-0.44)DominanceNon-dominant268/3853.31.00 (ref.)Dominant162/6034.00.38 (0.31-0.47)PathwayType III596/8563.21.00 (ref.)Type II97/4474.00.23 (0.18-0.29)Type I60/2915.70.21 (0.16-0.28) Citation Format: Elizabeth M. Poole, Daniel W. Cramer, Allison F. Vitonis, Kathryn L. Terry. Ovarian cancer survival by tumor subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4124. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4124
Purification of the active mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier by hydroxylapatite chromatography (1983)

The mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier has been extracted from rat liver mitochondria or SMP with Triton X-100, in the presence of 1,2,3-BTA and DPG, and partially purified by chromatography on HTP. The purified fraction, which also contains the ADP/ATP carrier and the phosphate carrier, after incorporation into liposomes catalyzes a 1,2,3-BTA-sensitive [14C]citrate/citrate exchange. The tissue and substrate specificity, the inhibitor sensitivity and the kinetic properties of citrate transport in liposomes are similar to those described for the citrate transport in mitochondria. The maximal rate of citrate exchange in the reconstituted system is 338 mumol X min-1 X g protein-1, at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0.
Radical Reactions and α-Silylations of Optically Active 4-Trichloromethyl-β-lactone (2005)

Radical alkylations and α-silylations of optically active (R)-4-trichloromethyl-2-oxetanone are described that maintain the integrity of the β-lactone.Alternate methods for selective dechlorinations of both the β-lactone and the derived Weinreb amide are described.
Postherpetic Neuralgia (1986)

Postherpetic pain persisting one month or longer occurs in 9% to 14% of patients with herpes zoster, diminishing with time. The incidence and duration are directly related to age. The pathologic features have been described but the pathogenesis of postherpetic neuralgia is unknown. Treatment remains difficult. It is reasonable to hope for a reduction in pain from severe to mild in two of three cases. There is evidence to support the use of low doses of tricyclic antidepressants, especially amitriptyline hydrochloride, with gradual small increments, and also the use of phenothiazines. Corticosteroids may exert a preventive effect when used in the acute phase. There is some support for the use of local physical modalities. Neurosurgical procedures are a possibility in failed medical cases. Controlled studies of newer approaches are necessary.
Jean-Luc Migué : Étatisme et déclin du Québec. Bilan de la Révolution tranquille. Montréal, Varia, coll. « Histoire et société », 247 p. (1999)

Jean-Luc Migué : Étatisme et déclin du Québec. Bilan de la Révolution tranquille. Montréal, Varia, coll. « Histoire et société », 247 p.. Un article de la revue Globe (Relire la révolution tranquille) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
The noise from flow over rough surfaces with small and large roughness elements. (2010)

This paper will review theoretical and experimental results for the sound radiation from turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces. Two distinctly different regimes will be considered. The first is hydrodynamically smooth surfaces for which the surface roughness does not impact the boundary layer turbulence. These surfaces have been shown experimentally and theoretically to radiate enhanced sound levels due to the scattering of the hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations by the roughness. The second regime considers large roughness elements that directly impact the boundary layer flow. Numerical calculations show that the flow separates around the large roughness elements and theoretically this implies that the roughness radiates sound in proportion to the unsteady force on each element. It is still an unresolved issue as to whether the unsteady loading is caused by the distortion of the turbulent flow around the element or the unsteady loading associated with the flow separation. This paper will describe the theoretical approaches which have been used to predict roughness noise levels in each of these two regimes and the transition from one regime to the other.
Online text independent writer identification using character prototypes distribution (2007)

Recently, with the advances in digital pen and paper technology, renewed attention was given on research for writer identification of online documents. This paper proposes a method to retrieve the writer of a document by comparing his handwriting with those stored in a reference database of documents. The query will consist of a testing online handwriting document, the output will be a ranked list of writers whose online handwriting documents are stored in the reference database. The proposed method is text independent and does not impose any constraint on the writing style; it is based on a distance measurement between the distributions of reference patterns defined at the character level. Experiment has been carried out on a database which consists of 82 subjects each providing two online handwritten documents, one stored as the reference and the second one is for retrieval purposes. The Top 1 rate reported is 95% accuracy.
Iterative Kalman-AR Method for Doppler Spread Estimation in Flat Fading Channels (2007)

The knowledge of Doppler spread is very important in many channel estimation (tracking) algorithms for flat fading channels. Recently, doppler spread estimators based on the profile of the power spectral density (psd) have been published. They make use of the fact that there is an abrupt change in the psd around the maximum Doppler frequency. However, this assumption is invalid in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In this paper, we introduce an iterative Kalman autoregressive (IKAR) estimator which overcomes this drawback. In doing so, we also study the excellent detection properties of the IKAR detector and demonstrate its superiority over some of the conventional detectors. The IKAR estimator performance is studied for two low SNR scenarios.
Relationship of Elevated 23 Na Magnetic Resonance Image Intensity to Infarct Size After Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction (1999)

Elevated 23Na MR image intensity in vivo measures infarct size after reperfused infarction in both a large and a small animal model. The mechanism of elevated 23Na image intensity is probably intracellular sodium accumulation secondary to loss of myocyte ionic homeostasis.
Host factors that affect sexual transmission of HIV (1998)

One of the most complex issues regarding the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is that of sexual transmission. Sexual transmission of HIV is dependent on a number of variables that are operative in both the transmitting individual and the uninfected sexual partner. Although several recent studies have advanced the understanding of the factors that determine whether or not HIV is transmitted during a sexual encounter, more questions remain unanswered than answered.’ Sexual transmission of HIV may occur when a sufficient amount of infectious virus penetrates the mucosa of the uninfected partner. Factors that increase the amount and virulence of virus delivered, that weaken the integrity of the local tissue barriers in the uninfected partner, or that hamper the generation of an effective local and systemic immune response in the uninfected partner would be expected to increase the likelihood of transmission. In this regard, the frequency and type of sexual encounter between the HIV-infected and uninfected partners are important determinants of transmission. The frequency of unprotected intercourse has been shown in many studies to bear a direct relation to the risk of transmission,2 although the exact nature of the statistical relation is complex and apparently non-parametric3 The inherent fragility of the anorectal mucosa creates a predisposition to traumatic abrasion that explains the high-risk nature of unprotected anal intercourse. The presence of genital ulcerative disease also may enhance transmission of HIV by physical disruption of mucosal barriers and by recruitment and concentration of inflammatory cells that may serve as potential target cells at sites of high exposure. Other factors also may influence the local environment in which transmission may occur; these include, among others, male or female circumcision, endogenous and exogenous hormonal influences on the vaginal mucosa and cervical epithelium, and topical agents applied to the vagina or rectum that may induce mucosal irritation2