gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized study of cash cards versus checks as clinician survey incentives (2020)

Abstract Background Evidence is needed regarding effective incentive strategies to increase clinician survey response rates. Within a larger clinical trial of population-based BRCA1/2 mutation screening, we conducted a randomized controlled study comparing the use of upfront cash cards requiring email activation versus checks as clinician survey incentives.Methods We mailed paper surveys to 500 primary care providers (PCPs) in New York, Boston, Los Angeles and Philadelphia who were nominated by study participants to disclose BRCA1/2 mutation results obtained through the study. The first 303 clinicians were randomized to receive the $50 incentive as a cash card (N = 155) or check (N = 148). We compared response rates by incentive type, adjusting for PCP characteristics and study site.Results In unadjusted analyses, PCPs who received checks versus cash cards were more likely to respond to the survey (54.1% versus 41.9%, p = 0.046); this remained true when we adjusted for provider characteristics (OR for checks 1.61, 95% CI 1.01, 2.59). No other clinician characteristics had a statistically significant association with response rates in adjusted analyses. When we included an interaction term for incentive type and city, the favorable impact of checks on response rates was evident only in Los Angeles and Philadelphia.Conclusions An upfront cash card incentive requiring email activation may be less effective in eliciting clinician responses than up-front checks. However, the benefit of checks for clinician response rates may depend on clinicians’ geographic location.
Monolithic Two-Dimensional GalnAsP/InP Laser and Lenslet Arrays* (1988)

Recent development of low-threshold surface-emitting diode lasers offers new possibilities for optoelectronic integration, on-wafer testing and monolithic two-dimensional (2D) laser arrays (1-9) . The 2D arrays have the potential of very large number of integrated lasers and can possibly be coherently phase-locked to form a single high-power laser with high efficiency and narrow, symmetric beam divergence. In this paper, we review recent progress in GaInAsP/InP 2D laser arrays. Attempts have been made to address important issues such as array uniformity, size, performance, heat dissipation and possibility of coherent phase locking. A new technique for fabricating large-numerical-aperture lenslet arrays is also reported.
Specific alkylidene coupling of the labile diruthenium bridging methylene complex [(η-C5H5)2Ru2(μ-CH 2)(CO)2(MeCN)] with diazoalkanes (N2CR2) giving alkenic products (1997)

Reaction of the labile diruthenium bridging methylene complex [(η-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ru 2 (µ-CH 2 )(µ-CO)(CO)(MeCN)] with diazoalkanes (N 2 CR 1 R 2 ) results in specific C–C coupling to give alkenic products, i.e. the bridging alkenyl complex [(η-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ru 2 (µ-CH CHR 1 )(µ-H)(CO) 2 ] (R 2 = H) or alkene CH 2 CR 1 R 2 (R 1 , R 2 ≠ H).
Cálculo por dinámica y mecánica molecular de sitios y calores de adsorción de dipentenos sobre zeolita y (2001)

Hemos utilizado métodos de la mecánica molecular para estudiar la adsorción de R-limoneno, p-ment-1-eno, p-ment-8-eno y p-mentano sobre faujasita silícea y sobre zeolitas Y con relación Si/Al = 2 que contenían diferentes cationes en el sitio SII (Nal+, Fe2+, FeH y MnH). Los cálculos mostraron que la presencia de dobles enlaces en la molécula que se adsorbe y el tipo de catión en SIl determinan la estabilidad del complejo adsorbatozeolita. Las interacciones entre el huésped y la molécula adsorbida estuvieron dominadas por las contribuciones electrostáticas, las cuales aumentaron con la carga del catión en SII. La orientación de las moléculas insaturadas en la supercaja fue resultado del balance entre el aumento de repulsiones estéricas entre zeolita y molécula adsorbida y el aumento de atracciones electrostáticas como resultado de la minimización de dos grupos de distancias: las distancias entre el catión en SII y los carbonos Sp2 de la molécula adsorbida y las distancias entre los oxígenos estructurales de la zeolita y los hidrógenos de la molécula adsorbida.
Separation of a Homologous Series of Long-Chain Fatty Alcohols (C49-C58) FromMycobacterium TuberculosisH37Ra by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1981)

Abstract Fatty alcohols were obtained from the saponified chloro-form-methanol extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra by extraction with diethyl ether and partially purified by silicic acid column chromatography. The long-chain fatty alcohols (C49-C58) were separated from the shorter-chain alcohols by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and further fractionated into saturated and unsaturated alcohols by argentation thin-layer chromatography. These two fractions were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectro-scopy, derivatized to the 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl esters, and fractionated on a C18-bonded silica column by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Complete separation of esters differing by two carbon units and partial separation
Identification of Molecular-Mimicry-Based Ligands for Cholera Diagnostics using Magnetic Relaxation (2011)

When covalently bound to an appropriate ligand, iron oxide nanoparticles can bind to a specific target of interest. This interaction can be detected through changes in the solution's spin-spin relaxation times (T2) via magnetic relaxation measurements. In this report, a strategy of molecular mimicry was used in order to identify targeting ligands that bind to the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). The cellular CTB-receptor, ganglioside GM1, contains a pentasaccharide moiety consisting in part of galactose and glucose units. We therefore predicted that CTB would recognize carbohydrate-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles as GM1 mimics, thus producing a detectable change in the T2 relaxation times. Magnetic relaxation experiments demonstrated that CTB interacted with the galactose-conjugated nanoparticles. This interaction was confirmed via surface plasmon resonance studies using either the free or nanoparticle-conjugated galactose molecule. The galactose-conjugated nanoparticles were then used as CTB sensors achieving a detection limit of 40 pM. Via magnetic relaxation studies, we found that CTB also interacted with dextran-coated nanoparticles, and surface plasmon resonance studies also confirmed this interaction. Additional experiments demonstrated that the dextran-coated nanoparticle can also be used as CTB sensors and that dextran can prevent the internalization of CTB into GM1-expressing cells. Our work indicates that magnetic nanoparticle conjugates and magnetic relaxation detection can be used as a simple and fast method to identify targeting ligands via molecular mimicry. Furthermore, our results show that the dextran-coated nanoparticles represent a low-cost approach for CTB detection.
Experimental results on wideband spectrum sensing using random sampling ADC in 90nm CMOS (2013)

Applications that require wireless wideband spectrum sensing are often limited by energy consumption of the sensing hardware. The power consumption is typically directly related to the amount of data transmitted. The emerging theory of compressed sensing provides a framework for reconstructing the sensed spectrum with fewer samples than are produced from Nyquist rate sampling. We have implemented a compressed sensing analog-to-information converter (AIC) in 90nm CMOS technology that allows complete reconstruction of a sparse spectrum consisting of discrete frequency bands. Typically, ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization based algorithms are used to reconstruct the original signal for compressed sensing. However, these algorithms do not perform well as signal sparsity decreases. This limitation can be mitigated by using ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sub> regularization based algorithms that exploit group sparsity. We present experimental results comparing the performance of both types of algorithms for reconstructing discrete frequency bands sampled with this AIC. These results demonstrate the performance achievable by physical AIC systems that utilize compressed sensing theory.
Towards fatigue and intensity measurement framework during continuous repetitive activities (2010)

With the recent advancement in the wearable sensor technology there has been many studies about recognizing user's activities, location or environment, but they did not recognize the effect of these activities on the physiological state of the person. The two major physiological aspects associated with any activity are intensity of activity and associated fatigue. Fatigue is an universal human experience that can negatively affect daily life activities. In this paper, we present a framework to measure the level of fatigue and intensity of activity during repetitive daily life activities. The proposed framework acquires and processes time series data from a surface Electromyogram (sEMG) sensor and employs state of art machine learning and data mining techniques to measure the physiological status. We tested this framework using the raw sEMG signals from the hand muscles of 10 subjects, including male and female, of age group around 25 to 45 years, collected during the continuous monitoring of repetitive palm movements at different repetition speeds. The framework graded the levels of fatigue and intensity of activity in a scale of 0 to 1 with an accuracy of 88% with AdaBoost, 94% with SVM, 96% with both HMM and KNN based machine learning techniques.
Contractile Skeletal Muscle Tissue-Engineered on an Acellular Scaffold (2004)

San Diego and Los Angeles, Calif. Received for publication July 30, 2003. Marc H. Hedrick, M.D. Laboratory for Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery UCLA School of Medicine 10833 Le Conte Avenue Los Angeles, Calif. 90095 [email protected]
Validation of a fuel reactor model for in-situ Gasification Chemical Looping Combustion (2013)

3 figures.-- Talk delivered in the IEA GHG, 3rd Oxyfuel Combustion Conference, Ponferrada (Spain), 6th -13th september 2013.
Prediction of sensory quality by near infrared reflectance analysis of frozen and freeze dried green peas (Pisum sativum) (1990)

Abstract Frozen, green peas (Pisum sativum L ) of different varieties and different levels of maturity were evaluated by sensory analysis using a panel of ten trained judges. Two texture variables (hardness and mealiness) and four flavour variables (pea flavour, sweetness, fruity flavour, off flavour) were considered. Near infiared reflectance ( N I R ) analysis was performed with the same material, on both the fiozen and fieeze dried peas. The N I R instrument was calibrated to predict the sensory variables using the multivariate analytical method of principal component regression. Tenderometer readings of the same peas were also calibrated to predict the sensory variables. N I R analysis on the fieeze dried peas showed relative ability of prediction (RAP) values for the sensory variables which were higher than those for the tenderometer readings. The sensory attributes pea flavour and hardness were predicted with higher RAP values by tenderometer readings than by N I R analysis on fiozen peas. For the rest of the attributes, N I R analysis on fiozen peas gave higher RAP values than tenderometer readings. N I R generally gave high RAP values, and this tentative study suggests that N I R analysis could be a useful tool in instrumentally assessing the quality of frozen peas.
Determining and Controlling the Stoichiometry of Cu2ZnSnS4 Photovoltaics: The Physics and Its Implications (2016)

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an environmentally friendly photovoltaic material with promising applications in thin-film solar cells. Although CZTS’s efficiency is currently too low, stoichiometry/defect engineering presents a strategy for further improvement. As-grown CZTS is typically disordered and therefore prone to form secondary phases, making the final product stoichiometry difficult to determine and even harder to control. We use first-principles quantum mechanics in combination with Monte Carlo simulations to determine CZTS stoichiometry under various experimental conditions. We develop an approach to predicting the optimal CZTS stoichiometry, explaining the physical origin of Zn-enrichment observed in experiments. We further propose practical ways to introduce more free carriers into CZTS in order to screen observed local potential fluctuations, increase conductivity, and ultimately improve the efficiency of CZTS.
Promoter regulation inCandida albicansand related species (2008)

Regulation of gene expression has been studied extensively in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Some, but by far not all, of the findings are also applicable to Candida albicans, an important ascomycete fungal pathogen of humans. Areas of research in C. albicans include the influence of key signal transduction cascades on morphology, and the response to host-generated influences, such as host immune effector cells, blood, pH or elevated carbon dioxide. The resistance to antifungal agents and response to stress are also well researched. Conditional gene expression and reporter genes adapted to the codon usage of C. albicans are now widely used in C. albicans. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the current techniques used to investigate regulation mechanisms for promoters in C. albicans and other Candida species. In addition, we discuss reporter genes used for the study of gene expression.
PPAR Medicines and Human Disease: The ABCs of It All (2012)

ATP-dependent binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins that pump a variety of hydrophobic compounds across cellular and subcellular barriers and are implicated in human diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Inhibition of ABC transporter activity showed promise in early preclinical studies; however, the outcomes in clinical trials with these agents have not been as encouraging. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate genes involved in fat and glucose metabolism, and inflammation. Activation of PPAR signaling is also reported to regulate ABC gene expression. This suggests the potential of PPAR medicines as a novel means of controlling ABC transporter activity at the transcriptional level. This paper summarizes the advances made in understanding how PPAR medicines affect ABC transporters, and the potential implications for impacting on human diseases, in particular with respect to cancer and atherosclerosis.
Cartilage thickness measurements from optical coherence tomography (2003)

We describe a new semiautomatic image processing method for detecting the cartilage boundaries in optical coherence tomography (OCT). In particular, we focus on rabbit cartilage since this is an important animal model for testing both chondroprotective agents and cartilage repair techniques. The novel boundary-detection system presented here consists of (1) an adaptive filtering technique for image enhancement and speckle reduction, (2) edge detection, and (3) edge linking by graph searching. The procedure requires several steps and can be automated. The quantitative measurements of cartilage thickness on OCT images correlated well with measurements from histology.
Synthesis of Unsaturated Precursors for Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization and Molecular Imaging of 1-13C-Acetates and 1-13C-Pyruvates via Side Arm Hydrogenation (2018)

Hyperpolarized forms of 1-<sup>13</sup>C-acetates and 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvates are used as diagnostic contrast agents for molecular imaging of many diseases and disorders. Here, we report the synthetic preparation of 1-<sup>13</sup>C isotopically enriched and pure from solvent acetates and pyruvates derivatized with unsaturated ester moiety. The reported unsaturated precursors can be employed for NMR hyperpolarization of 1-<sup>13</sup>C-acetates and 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvates via parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). In this PHIP variant, Side arm hydrogenation (SAH) of unsaturated ester moiety is followed by the polarization transfer from nascent parahydrogen protons to <sup>13</sup>C nucleus via magnetic field cycling procedure to achieve hyperpolarization of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear spins. This work reports the synthesis of PHIP-SAH precursors: vinyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-acetate (55% yield), allyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-acetate (70% yield), propargyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-acetate (45% yield), allyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate (60% yield), and propargyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate (35% yield). Feasibility of PHIP-SAH <sup>13</sup>C hyperpolarization was verified by <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy: hyperpolarized allyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate was produced from propargyl 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate with <sup>13</sup>C polarization of ∼3.2% in CD<sub>3</sub>OD and ∼0.7% in D<sub>2</sub>O. <sup>13</sup>C magnetic resonance imaging is demonstrated with hyperpolarized 1-<sup>13</sup>C-pyruvate in aqueous medium.
2-Imino-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (2011)

In the title compound, C(9)H(7)N(3)O(3)S, the nitro and thia-zolidinone moieties are inclined with respect to the aromatic ring at dihedral angles of 9.57 (16) and 78.42 (4)°, respectively. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding connects the mol-ecules along the c and a axes to form a two-dimensional polymeric network. A weak S⋯O inter-action [3.2443 (11) Å] and phenyl ring to phenyl ring off-set π⋯π stacking [with centroid-centroid separation of 3.6890 (7) Å and ring slippage of 1.479 Å] link the polymeric chains along the b and a axes, respectively.
Controlled Synthesis of Nanosized Particles by Aerosol Processes (1993)

Solid particles in the 1 nm < dp < 100 nm size range form in gases as a result of gas phase condensation, particle collision processes, and solid-state processes. The relative rates of sintering and collision determine the size and morphology of the spheroidal primary particles. Rapid sintering is equivalent to the classical theory of coagulation with instantaneous coalescence. When the sintering rate is slow compared with the collision rate, fine primary particles form and aggregate into irregularly shaped agglomerates. The growth of primary particles in an aerosol generator that is cooling at a constant rate was studied theoretically. The most important process parameter determining particle diameter is the maximum gas temperature, because the rate of sintering is a sensitive function of temperature. Aerosol volume loading and cooling rate are important when the rate of particle growth is limited by collision processes. Experiments on the formation of alumina particles were made to study these effects. Predictions of primary particle size did not agree well with experimental measurements, which is attributed to an inadequate understanding of solid-state diffusion processes in nanosized particles. Other experiments showed that low concentrations of sodium and potassium additives reduce the primary particle size of silica.
A Study of the Genetic Variability of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) in Cambodia Reveals the Existence of a New HRSV Group B Genotype (2011)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization of children aged <5 years due to respiratory illness in industrialized countries, and pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality among children aged <5 years worldwide. Although HRSV was first identified in 1956, a preventative vaccine has yet to be developed. Here we report the results of the first study to investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of HRSV in Cambodia among an all-ages population over 5 consecutive years. The incidences of HRSV infection among all-ages outpatient and hospitalized populations were equivalent, at 9.5% and 8.2%, respectively. Infection was most prevalent among children aged <5 years, with bronchiolitis being the most frequently observed clinical syndrome in the same age group. Circulation of HRSV was seasonal, typically coinciding with the rainy season between July and November annually. Strains belonging to HRSV groups A and B were detected with equivalent frequencies; however, we observed a potentially biennial shift in the predominant circulating HRSV genotype. The majority of HRSV group B strains belonged to the recently described BA genotype, with the exception of 10 strains classified as belonging to a novel HRSV group B genotype, SAB4, first reported here.
Effectiveness of cytopenia prophylaxis for different filgrastim and pegfilgrastim schedules in a chemotherapy mouse model (2008)

Objectives: Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is widely used to treat neutropenia during cytotoxic chemotherapy. The optimal scheduling of rhG-CSF is unknown and can hardly be tested in clinical studies due to numerous therapy parameters affecting outcome (chemotherapeutic regimen, rhG-CSF schedules, individual covariables). Motivated by biomathematical model simulations, we aim to investigate different rhG-CSF schedules in a preclinical chemotherapy mouse model. Methods: The time course of hematotoxicity was studied in CD-1 mice after cyclophosphamide (CP) administration. Filgrastim was applied concomitantly in a 2 × 3-factorial design of two dosing options (2 × 20 μg and 4 × 10 μg) and three timing options (directly, one, and two days after CP). Alternatively, a single dose of 40 μg pegfilgrastim was applied at the three timing options. The resulting cytopenia was compared among the schedules. Results: Dosing and timing had a significant influence on the effectiveness of filgrastim schedules whereas for pegfilgrastim the timing effect was irrelevant. The best filgrastim and pegfilgrastim schedules exhibited equivalent toxicity. Monocytes dynamics performed analogously to granulocytes. All schedules showed roughly the same lymphotoxicity. Conclusion: We conclude that effectiveness of filgrastim application depends heavily on its scheduling during chemotherapy. There is an optimum of timing. Dose splitting is better than concentrated applications. Effectiveness of pegfilgrastim is less dependent on timing. Keywords: rhG-CSF, chemotherapy toxicity, mice, cyclophosphamide, cytopenia, neutropenia
Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy of III-Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes on Nanopatterned AGOG Sapphire Substrate by Abbreviated Growth Mode (2009)

Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial (MOVPE) growth of GaN on nanopatterned AGOG sapphire substrates was performed, and characteristics of the light-emitting diode (LED) devices grown on patterned sapphire and planar substrates were compared. The nanopatterned sapphire substrates were fabricated by a novel process (AGOG) whereby aluminum nanomesas were epitaxially converted into crystalline Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> via a two-stage annealing process. The GaN template grown on the nanopatterned sapphire substrate was done via an abbreviated growth mode, where a 15-nm thick, low-temperature GaN buffer layer was used, without the use of an etch-back and recovery process during the epitaxy. InGaN quantum wells (QWs) LEDs were grown on the GaN template on the nanopatterned sapphire, employing the abbreviated growth mode. The optimized InGaN QW LEDs grown on the patterned AGOG sapphire substrate exhibited a 24% improvement in output power as compared to LEDs on GaN templates grown using the conventional method. The increase in output power of the LEDs is attributed to improved internal quantum efficiency of the LEDs.