gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Market penetration: How to predict the future (1998)

One of the biggest challenges in evaluating energy efficiency programs if predicting how customers will react to future changes in incentives and technology. This is especially true within a competitive energy market. This paper presents a market penetration model based on states preference experiments that is designed to address this issue. This model can be used to predict customer purchases under alternative market conditions such as changes in technology, program rebates, and program qualifying equipment. The states preference experiments elicit ratings from residential customers on program and equipment attributes such as price, rebate, and annual energy savings. The data were collected and the model estimated using information from Florida Power and Light's Residential HVAC Program. Once the data are gathered, a logic model is estimated to determine the probability that each program and equipment option is chosen. The model is calibrated to actual customer purchases and then used to predict future equipment purchases and program participation. When values for very high efficiency equipment are included in the experiment, the model can be used to forecast future purchases even when purchases of these units are not currently widespread. This market penetration model provides a method to forecast equipment purchases, while takingmore » into account future changes in technology, and, as a result, will be valuable to any utility seeking to continue energy efficiency programs in a competitive market.« less
On Two-Phase Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure of Rough-Walled Rock \nFractures (1989)

This paper presents a con~eptual and numerical model of multiphase flow in fractures.The void space of real rough-walled rock fractures is conceptualized as a twodimensional heterogeneous porous medium, characterized by aperture as a function of position in the fracture plane.Portions of a fracture are occupied by wetting and nonwetting phase, respectively, according to local capillary pressure and accessibility criteria.Phase occupancy and permeability are derived by assuming a parallel-plate approximation for suitably small subregions in the fracture plane.For log-normal aperture distributions, a simple approximation to fracture capillary pressure is obtained in closed fonn; it is found to resemble the typical shape of Leverett's j-function.Wetting and non-wetting phase relative permeabilities are calculated by numerically simulating single phase flows separately in the wetted and non-wetted pore spaces.illustrative examples indicate that relative penneabilities depend sensitively on the nature and range of spatial correlation betWeen apertures.It is also observed that interference between fluid phases flowing in a fracture tends to be strong, with the sum of wetting and nonwetting phase relative permeabilities being considerably less than 1 at intermediate saturations.
Graves' disease and thyroid functional autonomy in the region of mild iodine deficiency (2011)

A comparative epidemiological analysis of patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and functional autonomy (FA), the thyroid gland in iodine deficiency region of Kabardino-Balkaria. The study included 168 patients with the syndrome of hyperthyroidism, from which, after the differential diagnosis of selected 65 patients with GD and 60 people with FA. Patients were divided by gender, age, area of residence (piedmont, mountains, plains). The peak of the disease accounts for GD, naturally, for 40–50 years, and FA-in older age groups – 60–70. The proportion of men is 24.6%, which reflects the relative rarity of GD males. Sensitivity of TBII is 96.9% and specificity, 91.6%. Given that some patients with FA is determined TBII (8.3%), the results can be interpreted only in conjunction with clinical data and instrumental methods.
Evolution of the Northern Part of the Lesser Antilles Arc—Geochemical Constraints From St. Barthélemy Island Lavas (2022)

Abstract This study presents an extensive geochemical data set of 23 samples from St. Barthélemy Island, which belongs to the extinct branch of the Lesser Antilles arc and is currently exposed in the northern part of the subduction forearc. Samples were selected to represent all lithologies and main periods of magmatism, that is, Middle‐Late Eocene, Early Oligocene and Late Oligocene. They show enrichment in light rare earth element/medium rare earth element, large ion lithophile elements (Rb and Ba) and isotopic characteristics, suggesting mixing between the mantle and a subduction component (oceanic crust + sediments). Trace element ratios suggest that primary magmas were generated in a normal mid‐oceanic ridge basalt‐type mantle‐wedge that underwent 8%–18% partial melting in the spinel‐stability field. The sediment contribution was low (0.1%–1%) irrespective of the age of the samples. This is similar to what is observed for the northern Lesser Antilles active branch. St. Barthélemy Island shares strong similarities with St. Martin Island, located on the same extinct arc branch, which suggests a similar geodynamic evolution. Oligocene samples displayed an increase in incompatible elements in the magma source, suggesting an increase in sediment melts, which could be correlated with a drastic change in the tectonic regime at that time, characterized by stretching perpendicular to the trench and subsequent basin opening. On Δ7/4Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, the samples showed a similar trend for both active and extinct islands of the northern Lesser Antilles, suggesting negligible changes in the nature of the magma sources.
Superradiant and Stimulated Superradiant Emission in a Prebunched Beam Free-Electron Maser (2001)

An electron beam, prebunched at the synchronous free-electron laser frequency and passing through a magnetic undulator, emits coherent (superradiant) synchrotron undulator radiation at the bunching frequency. If an external electromagnetic wave is introduced into the interaction region, at the same frequency and at a proper phase, the radiation process will be stimulated (stimulated prebunched beam radiation). We report first experimental measurements of stimulated superradiant emission in a prebunched free-electron maser. Measurements are in good agreement with theory.
PD-L1 microSPECT/CT Imaging for Longitudinal Monitoring of PD-L1 Expression in Syngeneic and Humanized Mouse Models for Cancer (2018)

Antibodies that block the interaction between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 have shown impressive responses in subgroups of patients with cancer. PD-L1 expression in tumors seems to be a prerequisite for treatment response. However, PD-L1 is heterogeneously expressed within tumor lesions and may change upon disease progression and treatment. Imaging of PD-L1 could aid in patient selection. Previously, we showed the feasibility to image PD-L1<sup>+</sup> tumors in immunodeficient mice. However, PD-L1 is also expressed on immune cell subsets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the potential of PD-L1 micro single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (microSPECT/CT) using radiolabeled PD-L1 antibodies to (i) measure PD-L1 expression in two immunocompetent tumor models (syngeneic mice and humanized mice harboring PD-L1 expressing immune cells) and (ii) monitor therapy-induced changes in tumor PD-L1 expression. We showed that radiolabeled PD-L1 antibodies accumulated preferentially in PD-L1<sup>+</sup> tumors, despite considerable uptake in certain normal lymphoid tissues (spleen and lymph nodes) and nonlymphoid tissues (duodenum and brown fat). PD-L1 microSPECT/CT imaging could also distinguish between high and low PD-L1-expressing tumors. The presence of PD-L1<sup>+</sup> immune cells did not compromise tumor uptake of the human PD-L1 antibodies in humanized mice, and we demonstrated that radiotherapy-induced upregulation of PD-L1 expression in murine tumors could be monitored with microSPECT/CT imaging. Together, these data demonstrate that PD-L1 microSPECT/CT is a sensitive technique to detect variations in tumor PD-L1 expression, and in the future, this technique may enable patient selection for PD-1/PD-L1-targeted therapy.
Simultaneous nickel silicidation and silicon crystallization induced by excimer laser annealing on plastic substrate (2010)

Ni–Si reaction and α-Si crystallization on polyimide were simultaneously induced by excimer laser annealing. A ∼8 nm Ni film was deposited on Si in such a way that Ni atoms were also distributed within the α-Si layer. The role of Ni atoms during crystallization and surface silicidation was studied in the submelting regime and modeled by diffusion-reaction equations. It has been found that the starting Ni distribution in α-Si and the thermal gradient due to the plastic were crucial to induce Si crystallization. At a threshold of ∼0.2 J/cm2 melting is induced in the polycrystalline silicon layer and in the residual α-Si.
Assisting with Fingertip Force Control by Active Bio-Acoustic Sensing and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (2023)

Fingertip force control plays an important role in learning motor skills. Exoskeleton gloves have been developed to assist with fingertip force control, but having the equipment on the fingers interferes with finger motion control and tactile sensation. Thus, we present a system for assisting with voluntary fingertip force control that does not require any devices to be worn on the fingers. In this study, we focused particularly on lateral pinch force, which is grip force achieved with the pad of the thumb and the lateral surface of the index finger to grasp objects. We use active bio-acoustic sensing to estimate voluntary pinch force with piezo elements attached to the back of the hand and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) to the forearm to control involuntary pinch force in a closed-loop system. We developed three prototypes and conducted user studies to investigate whether our system can assist with pinch force control under several target forces, from weak to strong. Our user studies showed that the combination of active bio-acoustic sensing and EMS can assist users in maintaining the pinch force closer to the target force.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of New L‐Thiocitrulline Derivatives as Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Synthase. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Expression of the Short Isoform of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in the Colon Is Regulated by the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-Gamma and Is Impaired during Ulcerative Colitis (2017)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases remains largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that the expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is downregulated in colonic epithelial cells of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). PPARγ is a nuclear receptor that modulates inflammation. We hypothesized that its deficiency may play a role in the loss of intestinal homeostasis through the control of immunomodulatory factors. We found that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cytokine with pleiotropic functions, is regulated by PPARγ. While this cytokine possesses two isoforms, only the short form (sfTSLP) was regulated by PPARγ. sfTSLP mRNA expression was decreased both in PPARγ knock-down Caco2 cells and cells treated with PPARγ antagonist, whereas PPARγ agonists induced the expression of sfTSLP in Caco2 and T-84 cells. The response element activated by PPARγ was identified in the promoter of the sfTSLP gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene reporter assays. The expression of sfTSLP was significantly decreased in the colonic mucosa of UC patients compared to controls and was correlated with PPARγ expression. Our results identified sfTSLP as a new PPARγ-target gene and support the hypothesis that, in UC, PPARγ deficiency in colonic mucosa could play a role in the loss of intestinal tolerance through an impaired sfTSLP expression.
Comparison of doppler ultrasound flow resistance indices in beta-thalassemic, sickle cell anemic and control mice (2005)

Sickle cell anemia and /spl beta/-thalassemia are two genetic hematological diseases. These conditions trigger thromboembolic events and microcirculatory disorders generating an increase in vascular resistance to blood flow, which can be measured by radiological techniques. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the possibility of measuring non-invasively peripheral vascular resistance to blood flow in mice using a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system. Four groups were included in the study: 9 control mice, 16 /spl beta/-thalassemic mice (Hbb/sup d-thal/d-thal/) and 9 sickle cell anemic mice (/spl alpha/-/- SAD). The Pourcelot resistive index was used to characterize Doppler waveforms of the carotid artery and abdominal aorta. Resistive indices were significantly increased (p<0.05) in /spl beta/-thalassemic and sickle cell anemic mice compared to controls in both arteries. Measurements of echographic resistive indices allowed detecting the consequences of microrheological blood flow disorders in these small experimental animals. This finding is of high significance in the context of functional genomic studies.
The Natural History of Unicompartmental Arthroplasty (1993)

From 1983 to 1987, 82 unicondylar arthroplasties were performed for primary unicompartmental osteoarthrosis. Seven knees had lateral compartment arthroplasties and 75 had medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKA). At a minimum follow-up period of four years, eight patients had been revised, one patient was scheduled for revision, and one patient had died with a failed UKA, for a total failure rate of 12%. Reasons for failure were progression of tricompartmental arthritis in two patients (2.4%), polyethylene wear in two (2.3%), component failure in two (2.3%), component loosening in three (3.5%), and technical error in one (1.6%). Furthermore, 14 (17%) patients showed roentgenographic evidence of impending failure and an additional 12 (15%) patients showed a gradual decline in Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores. Unicondylar knee arthroplasty does not appear to provide as reliable pain relief as total knee arthroplastg. Progression to tricompartmental arthritis, polyethylene wear, and component loosening were seen to limit the usefulness of this arthroplasty. Unlike total knee arthroplasty, factors affecting the success or failure of UKA cannot be predictably controlled by the surgeon.
Poster: User-space Networking Libraries & Control Plane Negotiations for Seamless Multi-connectivity (2020)

Offering seamless connectivity to devices capable of simultaneously using multiple communication interfaces continues to be a hard problem. This problem is important for edge computing because edge services may be available only on a subset of networks to which the device is capable of connecting to. We argue that various aspects of this problem can be addressed by leveraging the current trends of using user space libraries for networking, and allowing control plane negotiations between user devices and networks.
Predicting clinical benefit of immunotherapy by antigenic or functional mutations affecting tumour immunogenicity (2020)

Neoantigen burden is regarded as a fundamental determinant of response to immunotherapy. However, its predictive value remains in question because some tumours with high neoantigen load show resistance. Here, we investigate our patient cohort together with a public cohort by our algorithms for the modelling of peptide-MHC binding and inter-cohort genomic prediction of therapeutic resistance. We first attempt to predict MHC-binding peptides at high accuracy with convolutional neural networks. Our prediction outperforms previous methods in > 70% of test cases. We then develop a classifier that can predict resistance from functional mutations. The predictive genes are involved in immune response and EGFR signalling, whereas their mutation patterns reflect positive selection. When integrated with our neoantigen profiling, these anti-immunogenic mutations reveal higher predictive power than known resistance factors. Our results suggest that the clinical benefit of immunotherapy can be determined by neoantigens that induce immunity and functional mutations that facilitate immune evasion.
An Update Protocol for XML Documents in Distributed and Cooperative Systems (2005)

Securing data is becoming a crucial need for most Internet-based applications. Whereas the problem of data confidentiality has been widely investigated, the problem of how to ensure that data, when moving among different parties, are modified only according to the stated policies has been so far not deeply investigated. In this paper, the authors proposed an approach supporting parallel and distributed secure updates to XML documents. The approach, based on the use of a security region-object parallel flow (S-RPF) graph protocol, is particularly suited for all environments requiring cooperative updates to XML documents. It allows different users to simultaneously update different portions of the same document, according to the specified access control policies. Additionally, it supports a decentralized management of update operations in that a subject can exercise its privileges and verify the correctness of the operations performed so far on the document without interacting, in most of the cases, with the document server
Influence of bovine serum albumin coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (2015)

The presence of PLGA–BSA particles can induce osteogenesis differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and meanwhile inhibit their adipogenic differentiation.
Weight changes in breast cancer survivors who received adjuvant antiestrogen therapy (2009)

6588 Background: Antiestrogen therapy has dramatically improved breast cancer survival rates but weight gain may be problematic. Studies evaluating antiestrogen therapy-related weight gain have yielded mixed results. Our primary objective was to evaluate weight changes in female breast cancer survivors (BCS) who received adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy for stage 0-III breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate weight changes in female chemo naive BCS receiving anti-estrogen therapy. Weights at initiation of hormonal therapy and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up were recorded. Median weight changes were calculated and were compared with Wilcoxon's signed rank test or the Kurskall-Wallis test. Results: A total of 622 women were included. The majority were white (77%), had stage I disease (78%), and were postmenopausal (82%). The median age at diagnosis was 59 years (range, 26–87). Median weight at initiation of hormonal therapy among premenopausal women was 65 kg (range 45.4–122.9). Median weight gain in this group was 0.4 kg (p = 0.009), 0.7 kg (p = 0.013), 1.9 kg (p = 0.0001), and 2.4 kg (p &lt; 0.0001) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months respectively. Among post-menopausal women, median weight at initiation of therapy was 71.7 kg (range 41.5–152.0) and median weight gain was 0.5 kg (p &lt; 0.0001), 1 kg (p &lt; 0.0001), 0.85 kg (p = 0.001), and 0.85 kg (p = 0.004) at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months respectively. Premenopausal patients had significantly more weight gain at 24 (p = 0.041) and 36 months (p = 0.005), as compared to postmenopausal patients. Among premenopausal women, 110/111 were treated with tamoxifen. Among post-menopausal women (n = 510), hormonal therapy was as follows: unknown n = 28 patients, tamoxifen n = 312, and AI n = 170. Overall, BCS treated with tamoxifen vs an AI had significantly more weight gain at 24 (p = 0.003) and 36 months (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Premenopausal patients are at higher risk for weight gain than postmenopausal patients. Further prospective research is warranted examining weight gain as a long-term side effect of anti-estrogen therapy in BCS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
CycloSal‐phosphate Pronucleotides of Cytostatic 6‐(Het)aryl‐7‐deazapurine Ribonucleosides: Synthesis, Cytostatic Activity, and Inhibition of Adenosine Kinases (2010)

A series of cycloSal-phosphate prodrugs of a recently described new class of nucleoside cytostatics (6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides) was prepared. The corresponding 2',3'-isopropylidene 6-chloro-7-deazapurine nucleosides were converted into 5-O'-cycloSal-phosphates. These underwent a series of Stille or Suzuki cross-couplings with diverse (het)arylstannanes or -boronic acids to yield the protected 6-(het)aryl-7-deazapurine pronucleotides that were subsequently deprotected to give 12 derivatives of free pronucleotides. The in vitro cytostatic effect of the pronucleotides was compared with parent nucleoside analogues. In most cases, the activity of the pronucleotide was similar to or somewhat lower than that of the corresponding parent nucleosides, with the exception of 7-fluoro pronucleotides 13 a, 13 b, and 13 d, which had exhibited GIC(50) values that were improved by one order of magnitude (to the low nanomolar range). The presence of a cycloSal-phosphate group also influenced selectivity toward various cell lines. Several pronucleotides were found which strongly inhibit human adenosine kinase but only weakly inhibit the MTB adenosine kinase.
Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Blood and Adipose Tissue of Agent Orange—Exposed Vietnam Veterans and Matched Controls (1988)

Vietnam veterans who were heavily exposed to Agent Orange exceeded matched control subjects in both blood and adipose tissue levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) but not in the levels of the 12 other 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and dibenzofurans that were detected. Since only TCDD among these compounds was present in Agent Orange but all are present in the population of the industrialized world, it is likely that the elevated TCDD levels arose from wartime exposure. The high correlation (r = +.89) of blood with adipose tissue level suggests that there may be a mobile equilibrium between them and that blood measurement could replace adipose tissue measurement of TCDD levels, making the collection of human data less invasive.
Graduated Control: Research on State-Society Relationship in Contemporary Mainland China (2010)

AbstractThe authors have conducted a series of positive researches on the topic of state-society relationship in contemporary Mainland China. Through an examination of the actual state control over a great many organizations, this paper proposes the concept of a “system of graduated controls”. Based on this system, the government, out of consideration for their benefits, takes different control strategies on different social organizations according to the social organization's capability and the public goods they offer. In other words, it is a new system where the government implements an overall control on the society and offer public goods by means of a non-governmental method in a new economic environment. Through comparing with other state-society relationships, this paper points out that the graduated control system is a new “ideal type” for state-society relationship.
Supermarket availability and socio-economic deprivation in urban Ireland – CORRIGENDUM (2022)

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ChemInform Abstract: Electron Energy Loss Characterization of NO on Rh(111). Part 1. NO Coordination and Dissociation. (1987)

Abstract In contrast to its behaviour on other platinum group metal surfaces NO adsorbs on Rh(111) in twofold bridge sites at all coverages.