gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Polar Skyrmion Bubbles under Electric Fields (2021)

Room-temperature polar skyrmion bubbles that are recently found in oxide superlattice, have received enormous interests for their potential applications in nanoelectronics due to the nanometer size, emergent chirality, and negative capacitance. For practical applications, the ability to controllably manipulate them by using external stimuli is prerequisite. Here, we study the dynamics of individual polar skyrmion bubbles at the nanoscale by using in situ biasing in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The reversible electric field-driven phase transition between topological and trivial polar states are demonstrated. We create, erase and monitor the shrinkage and expansion of individual polar skyrmions. We find that their transition behaviors are substantially different from that of magnetic analogue. The underlying mechanism is discussed by combing with the phase-field simulations. The controllable manipulation of nanoscale polar skyrmions allows us to tune the dielectric permittivity at atomic scale and detailed knowledge of their phase transition behaviors provides fundamentals for their applications in nanoelectronics.
Proline Sulfonamide Based Organocatalysis: Better Late than Never (2010)

The history of proline sulfonamides for use in catalyzing highly enantioselective and diastereoselective C-C bond forming reactions is described. Highlighted is the development of N-(p-dodecylphenylsulfonyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide ("Hua Cat") and N-(carboxy-p-dodecylphenylsulfonyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide ("Hua Cat-II") by Yang and Carter. Specific reactions covered include the aldol reaction, Mannich reaction, formal aza-Diels-Alder reaction, tandem Michael/Mannich reaction and Yamada-Otani reaction. The ability of proline aryl sulfonamides to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity is a notable feature of the reported work. The practicality of this chemistry for large scale and industrial applications is also included. Finally, a discussion of the future directions of proline sulfonamide organocatalysis is provided.
Hydration Dynamics of Aqueous Nitrate (2013)

Aqueous nitrate, NO3(-)(aq), was studied by 2D-IR, UV-IR, and UV-UV time-resolved spectroscopies in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the purpose of determining the hydration dynamics around the anion. In water, the D3h symmetry of NO3(-) is broken, and the degeneracy of the asymmetric-stretch modes is lifted. This provides a very sensitive probe of the ion-water interactions. The 2D-IR measurements reveal excitation exchange between the two nondegenerate asymmetric-stretch vibrations on a 300-fs time scale concomitant with fast anisotropy decay of the diagonal-peak signals. The MD simulations show that this is caused by jumps of the transition dipole orientations related to fluctuations of the hydrogen bonds connecting the nitrate ion to the nearest water molecules. Reorientation of the ion, which is associated with the hydrogen-bond breaking, was monitored by time-resolved UV-IR and UV-UV spectroscopy, revealing a 2-ps time constant. These time scales are very similar to those reported for isotope-labeled water, suggesting that NO3(-)(aq) has a labile hydration shell.
Syntheses and characterizations of soft‐segment ionic polyurethanes (1999)

Novel soft-segment ionic polyurethane (linear and crosslinking) have been prepared based up on sodium sulfonate–side chains poly(ethylene oxide) (SPEO). SPEO was synthesized by grafting the sodium sulfonate onto the chain of poly(ethylene oxide) with molecular weights of 400, 600, 800, and 1000. The SPEO and the ionic polyurethane were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and impedance analysis. The effect of plasticizer on the ionic conductivity of the polyurethane was also investigated. These solid polymer electrolytes possess a higher ionic conductivity (about 10−6 S/cm at room temperature) than the corresponding sulfonated hard-segment polyurethane electrolytes. The presence of the hydroxyl group in the electrolyte tends to lower the ionic conductivity. Crosslinking of polyurethane results in the enhancement of the dimensional stability, while maintaining the same level of the ionic conductivity. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 837–845, 1999
Self-Assembled Organic Functional Nanotubes and Nanorods and Their Sensory Properties (2009)

Self-assembled, one-dimensional nanostructures of N,N′-bis(2-(trimethylammonium iodide)ethylene)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyldiimide (PTCDI-I) with tunable morphologies were successfully prepared by a facile evaporation method. PTCDI-I nanotubes with diameters of approximately 100−300 nm were obtained by the evaporation of the aqueous solution of PTCDI-I, while long nanorods with diameters of approximately 200−300 nm were produced by slow evaporation of the methanolic solution of PTCDI-I. Studies of the nanostructures formed at different stages suggested that the formation of nanotubes and nanorods could be ascribed to different crystallization processes from different solutions. The PTCDI-I nanostructures were redox-active, and four-probe measurements based on a single nanotube or nanorod exhibited resistance decreased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude after being exposed to reducing agents such as hydrazine or phenylhydrazine. Such high resistance modulations indicate that these nanostructures will be useful as building blocks for electronic nanodevices and sensors.
Single agent and synergistic combinatorial efficacy of first-in-class small molecule imipridone ONC201 in hematological malignancies (2017)

ONC201, founding member of the imipridone class of small molecules, is currently being evaluated in advancer cancer clinical trials. We explored single agent and combinatorial efficacy of ONC201 in preclinical models of hematological malignancies. ONC201 demonstrated (GI50 1–8 µM) dose- and time-dependent efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Burkitt's lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (nodular sclerosis) and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines including cells resistant to standard of care (dexamethasone in MM) and primary samples. ONC201 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis that involved activation of the integrated stress response (ATF4/CHOP) pathway, inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, Foxo3a activation, downregulation of cyclin D1, IAP and Bcl-2 family members. ONC201 synergistically reduced cell viability in combination with cytarabine and 5-azacytidine in AML cells. ONC201 combined with cytarabine in a Burkitt's lymphoma xenograft model induced tumor growth inhibition that was superior to either agent alone. ONC201 synergistically combined with bortezomib in MM, MCL and ALCL cells and with ixazomib or dexamethasone in MM cells. ONC201 combined with bortezomib in a Burkitt's lymphoma xenograft model reduced tumor cell density and improved CHOP induction compared to either agent alone. These results serve as a rationale for ONC201 single-agent trials in relapsed/refractory acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, MM and combination trial with dexamethasone in MM, provide pharmacodynamic biomarkers and identify further synergistic combinatorial regimens that can be explored in the clinic.
Structural organization of aldehyde dehydrogenases probed by limited proteolysis (1991)

Incubation of cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases with trypsin or Glu-C protease under native conditions causes a time-dependent loss of dehydrogenase activity and the production of protein fragments. For evaluation of the results, termination of the reactions with a specific protease inhibitor is especially important in the case of the Glu-C protease. Cleavage site determination by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis identified protease-sensitive amino acid residues at two internal regions spanning positions 248-268 (region 1) and 397-399 (region 2) and at positions in the N-terminal segment (region 3). Region 1 encompasses several cleavages and is sensitive to both proteases in both aldehyde dehydrogenases. Further, it is in a conserved segment and correlates with reactive residues and regions ascribed functional roles. It also correlates with exon borders in the corresponding genes. Combined, the results define region 1 as an important and highly accessible segment of the protein. Region 2 is also adjacent to a conserved segment but lacks further correlation with special properties and appears just to represent an accessible region. The internally cleaved subunits retain a tetrameric configuration as calculated from exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions, suggesting that the quaternary structure is not dependent on covalently linked domains within the subunits. Furthermore, the fragments can bind to AMP-Sepharose, suggesting that some functional properties are retained within the cleaved tetramers. However, cleavage at position 35 appears to cause a large fragment (36-263) to be released from the tetramer, suggesting a role of an N-terminal segment or arm (at or before region 3) in subunit interactions.
Subwavelength-resolution imaging device based on frequency scanning (2008)

A new principle of microwave, millimeter wave, and optical subwavelength imaging based on frequency scanning is described. The role of the imaging device ldquosensorrdquo is played by one or several electrically dense arrays of subwavelength-sized resonant particles. The array is illuminated by a probe electromagnetic wave whose frequency scans over the whole band of resonating array modes. During the scan it is enough to measure and store the values of the near field behind the array at one or at most two points. After the scan the spatial distribution of the near field in the array plane can be reconstructed with simple post-processing. Due to the resonant response of the array, the proposed device enhances evanescent fields created by imaging objects, which makes it is similar to super-lenses based on the use of metamaterials.
Reactive Membrane Barriers for Containment of Subsurface Contamination (2003)

This report summarizes work after fifteen months of a three-year project. The project is part of a larger effort to improve barrier properties of any polymer by 10,000 times. This implies that any polymer barrier now good for a day will be made effective for a decade. We use two strategies to achieve these improvements. The first, primarily supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, uses aligned impermeable flakes of mica, clay, and other materials to enhance barrier properties 10 to 100 times. The barrier works against all diffusing species. This strategy, which we are applying to make corrosion resistant paints, works both in the unsteady state and in the steady state. Our second strategy, supported by this grant, uses reagents within the barrier polymer to neutralize specific species. This strategy works only in the unsteady state, while the reagents last. It is extremely effective, however, sometimes achieving increases in barrier properties of 1000 times or more.
Development of Citrus Cultivar Identification by CAPS Markers and Parentage Analysis (2015)

生産者や育成者権の保護に向けてカンキツの品種識別技術の確立が求められている．信頼度の高い科学的手法であるDNAマーカーによる品種識別技術の開発は，正確なカンキツの品種識別のために必須である．そこで，簡易な方法での品種識別が可能なCAPSマーカーによるカンキツの品種識別技術の確立をめざした．その結果，9種類のCAPSマーカーを33品種・系統に適用した遺伝子型を整理したCAPS遺伝子型データが得られた．このデータは，国内のカンキツの品種識別のための基盤的な情報となる．また，CAPS遺伝子型データから，最少マーカーセットを検出した結果，8種類のCAPSマーカーで33品種・系統のすべてを識別できることが判明した．さらに，遺伝子型データを利用して7種類の育成品種について，親子鑑定を行った．その結果，‘甘平’の花粉親は‘不知火’ではないことが明らかとなった．さらに解析を進めたところ，‘甘平’の花粉親はポンカンであることが強く推察された．
Internal-loss-limited maximum operating temperature and characteristic temperature of quantum dot laser (2006)

Carrier-density-dependent internal optical loss sets an upper limit for operating temperatures and considerably reduces the characteristic temperature of a quantum dot laser. Such internal loss also constrains the shallowest potential well depth and the smallest tolerable size of a quantum dot at which the lasing can be attained. At the maximum operating temperature or when any parameter of the structure is equal to its critical tolerable value, the characteristic temperature drops to zero.
PB-BLAS: a set of Parallel Block Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (2002)

We propose a new library of routines for performing dense linear algebra computations on block-partitioned matrices. The routines are referred to as the Parallel Block Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (PB-BLAS), and their use is restricted to computations in which one or more of the matrices involved consists of a single row or column of blocks, and in which no more than one of the matrices consists of an unrestricted two-dimensional array of blocks. The functionality of the block BLAS routines can also be provided by Level 2 and 3 BLAS routines. The PB-BLAS consist of calls to the sequential BLAS for local computations, and calls to the BLACS for communication. The PB-BLAS are the building blocks for implementing ScaLAPACK, the distributed-memory version of LAPACK, and provide the sane ease-of-use and portability for ScaLAPACK that the BLAS provide for LAPACK.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Studying the Effect of Physical Realism on Time Perception in a HAZMAT VR Simulation (2022)

Our research focuses on how physical props in virtual reality (VR) can affect users&#x0027; time perception. We designed an experiment with the goal of comparing users&#x0027; perception of time when using physical props in VR as compared to standard controllers and only virtual elements. In order to quantify this effect, time estimates for both conditions are compared to time estimates for a matching real-world task. In this experiment, participants assume the role of a firefighter trainee, going through a HAZMAT scenario, where they touch and interact with different physical props that match the virtual elements of the scene.
Efficacy and safety of pemetrexed plus cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (2019)

Cisplatin plus pemetrexed, showing consistent efficacy with MPlM, can be recommended as first-line treatment for unresectable MPeM patients.
Optimization of thermoformed displays for smart contact lenses (2017)

In this paper, the monitoring of the display cell gap of a spherical cap shaped liquid crystal display for smart contact lenses is described.This monitoring is important for further optimization of the display performance.
Biochemistry of Natural Proteinase Inhibitors (1974)

Abstract The natural inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes are proteins. These inhibitors associate reversibly with the enzymes to form stoichiometric protein‐protein complexes, in which substrate‐analogous association at the active center of the enzyme results in competitive inhibition of all catalytic functions. The very widespread occurrence of inhibitors in the animal and plant kingdoms underlines their biological importance in the intermediate metabolism, which can be understood as an extension of the possibilities for temporary and local limitations of enzyme activities. Existing knowledge includes a series of covalent structures, detailed kinetic data on the reversible protein‐protein interaction, the processes involved in inactivation, and chemical methods for the modification of these proteins. Early X‐ray structural data for an inhibitor and its enzyme complex provide an insight into the molecular structure of the latter and the interactions involved in the association to form the complex.
Transcription factor activation and mitogenic synergism in airway smooth muscle cells (2003)

Simultaneous treatment of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) leads to strikingly synergistic stimulation of mitogenesis. The purpose of this study was to explore potential sites for signal integration mediating synergism, focusing on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and transcription factors involved in proliferation and inflammation as likely candidates. Activation of ERK was analysed by immunoblotting. Transcription factor activation was assessed using HASM cells transduced with luciferase reporter gene constructs. LPA and EGF both activated ERK but had no synergistic effect when combined. LPA and EGF both activated activator protein (AP)-1, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein, nuclear factor of activated T-cells and the serum response element; however, only AP-1 activation exhibited synergism. Activation of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein and of ERK signalling pathways were required for most transcription factor responses to LPA. In contrast, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB was activated by LPA but not EGF and NF-kappaB activation was completely blocked only when Rho was inhibited. Rapid activation of Rho was observed in response to LPA but not to EGF. Importantly, inhibition of Rho selectively blocked synergism in both AP-1 activation and mitogenesis. In summary, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation is required for many transcription factor responses to lysophosphatidic acid and epidermal growth factor, however it is not synergistic. Activation of activator protein-1 is synergistic, and Rho activation by lysophosphatidic acid is required for synergism in both activator protein-1 activation and mitogenesis.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Live-imaging of astrocyte morphogenesis and function in zebrafish neural circuits. (2020)

How astrocytes grow and integrate into neural circuits remains poorly defined. Zebrafish are well suited for such investigations, but bona fide astrocytes have not been described in this system. Here we characterize a zebrafish cell type that is remarkably similar to mammalian astrocytes that derive from radial glial cells and elaborate processes to establish their territories at early larval stages. Zebrafish astrocytes associate closely with synapses, tile with one another and express markers, including Glast and glutamine synthetase. Once integrated into circuits, they exhibit whole-cell and microdomain Ca2+ transients, which are sensitive to norepinephrine. Finally, using a cell-specific CRISPR-Cas9 approach, we demonstrate that fgfr3 and fgfr4 are required for vertebrate astrocyte morphogenesis. This work provides the first visualization of astrocyte morphogenesis from stem cell to post-mitotic astrocyte in vivo, identifies a role for Fgf receptors in vertebrate astrocytes and establishes zebrafish as a valuable new model system to study astrocyte biology in vivo. PMID: 32895565 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 NS053538 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS099254 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R21 NS115437
Rover Relocalization for Mars Sample Return by Virtual Template\n Synthesis and Matching (2021)

We consider the problem of rover relocalization in the context of the\nnotional Mars Sample Return campaign. In this campaign, a rover (R1) needs to\nbe capable of autonomously navigating and localizing itself within an area of\napproximately 50 x 50 m using reference images collected years earlier by\nanother rover (R0). We propose a visual localizer that exhibits robustness to\nthe relatively barren terrain that we expect to find in relevant areas, and to\nlarge lighting and viewpoint differences between R0 and R1. The localizer\nsynthesizes partial renderings of a mesh built from reference R0 images and\nmatches those to R1 images. We evaluate our method on a dataset totaling 2160\nimages covering the range of expected environmental conditions (terrain,\nlighting, approach angle). Experimental results show the effectiveness of our\napproach. This work informs the Mars Sample Return campaign on the choice of a\nsite where Perseverance (R0) will place a set of sample tubes for future\nretrieval by another rover (R1).\n
Two stereoisomeric macrocyclic resorcinol-acetaldehyde condensation products (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo stereoisomeric macrocyclic resorcinol-acetaldehyde condensation productsA. G. Sverker HoegbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4498–4500Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2560Altmetric-Citations274LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VOC Removal by Novel Regenerable Silica-Titania Sorbent and Photocatalytic Technology (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Silica-titania composites (STC), a novel sorbent and photocatalytic technology developed at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida have been evaluated for removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aircraft cabin air. Currently, activated carbon filters are used, but must be replaced frequently due to their limited adsorption capacity. These filters must be disposed of and cannot be regenerated and reused. The STC technology is a significant improvement upon the current control technology because of its high adsorption capacity and the ability to regenerate via photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). When the STC sorbent is irradiated with UV, adsorbed VOCs are mineralized to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and the material is regenerated and ready for reuse multiple times. The technology is capable of removing over 95% of VOCs (e.g., toluene and ethanol) from simulated aircraft cabin air over extended periods of time (20 hrs) with low contact time (0.1 s), high face velocity (180 ft/min), and short regeneration durations (e.g., 1 hr). Only a slight deterioration in adsorption capacity is observed after multiple regenerations.&lt;/div&gt;