gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Generation Characteristics of Pulse Jet Rechargeable Direct Carbon Fuel Cells at Different Isooctane Fuel Supply Frequency (2012)

Power generation tests of pulse jet (PJ) rechargeable direct carbon fuel cells (PJ-RDCFCs), which supply small amounts of isooctane to the anode by pulse jetting, were conducted at different PJ supply frequency and for different PJ supply amount. PJ-RDCFCs could control power density by controlling the supply frequency. At 1 pulse/sec, power generation characteristics of PJ-RDCFCs approached flow-type. At lower supply frequency, power generation characteristics approached batch-type and fuel utilization becomes higher. Fuel utilization also became higher with decreasing PJ supply amount. In the reaction mechanism of a PJ-RDCFC, the contributing species for power generation might be hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons when the PJ supply frequency is high (≈1 pulse/sec). With decreasing supply frequency, carbon which has lower reactivity became to contribute to the power generation. In conclusion, the electrochemical reactions in the anode side in a PJ-RDCFC can be controlled by adjusting the pulse jet supply frequency.
Comparison of Joint Space Measurements between Supine and Weightbearing Anteroposterior Pelvis Radiographs for Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy (2020)

Objectives: Osteoarthritis and joint space narrowing of the hip have been correlated with poor outcomes and conversion to arthroplasty after hip arthroscopy. However, a standardized protocol for radiographic measurement of minimal joint space width of the hip has not been developed. We hypothesized that minimal joint space width would be significantly lower on the affected side in weightbearing anteroposterior pelvis radiographs versus supine radiographs. We also hypothesized that radiographs with single-leg stance would show the lowest minimal joint space width. Methods: Thirty-one consecutive adult patients with hip pain were prospectively enrolled and each had single-leg and double-leg weightbearing and supine anteroposterior pelvis radiographs in a standardized position. Two independent investigators determined minimal joint space width. Differences between minimal JSW as well as intra- and interobserver reliability were calculated. One and 2-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the measurements. Power analysis determined that recruitment of 30 patients was necessary to achieve 90% power. P&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: No significant differences in joint space width were found between supine or weightbearing radiographs for any pelvis site (Figure 1). Comparing those under 50 years of age to those older than 50 years of age, mean joint space width was 3.5±0.5 vs. 3.0±0.9 in the supine position, 3.2±0.8 vs. 3.0±1.0 during double-leg stance, and 3.5±0.5 vs. 3.0±1.1 during single-leg stance (P=0.002). Conclusion: Our data showed no significant difference in joint space width among anteroposterior single-leg or double-leg weightbearing or supine radiographs at any location measured. These findings suggest that either weightbearing or supine radiographs can be used to evaluate hip joint space width and that all locations provide a similar indication of joint space width. These findings support the use of a single view for the evaluation of JSW in patients with hip pain, which may allow for a less burdensome clinical workflow. [Table: see text]
Structural intensity in dual-mode propagation for damage characterization (2009)

In complex structures such as lap joints, extracting the information associated with damage from the measured signal can be challenging. An approach is presented, based on the use of high frequency bursts injected into a structure using an actuator and the measurement of structural intensity using a compact array of sensors, located remotely from the damage. The approach implements structural intensity estimation using the Timoshenko beam formulation, including dual-mode propagation above the cut-off frequency of the A1 Lamb mode. The structural intensity is first expressed within Timoshenko beam theory and the use of the wave decomposition approach is proposed to allow its measurement. Simulations are then conducted to illustrate localized time-domain structural intensity measurement for a burst propagating in a semi-infinite beam with a notch represented by a thickness variation. Results show that below the cut-off frequency, the burst propagates as a shear-dominated wave (mode A0) while a moment-dominated burst also propagates above the cut-off frequency (mode A1). Experimental results show that both shear and moment components of intensity can be measured for frequencies below and above the cut-off frequency and that the notch can be detected. Structural intensity measurement is then applied to the detection of a notch in a simulated lap joint region of a beam. The results demonstrate the potential benefit of using the structural intensity to extract useful information from the dual-mode interference for characterizing the location and depth of the notch.
Muscle fatigue evaluation with EMG and Acceleration data: a case study (2020)

The design of effective rehabilitation protocols relies on the ability to accurately assess the physical condition and the rehabilitative needs of the patient. Monitoring muscle fatigue can increase the usability of rehabilitative and restorative devices as it helps avoiding premature tiring and injury of patients whose resistance is already compromised. In this study, we collected EMG and accelerometer data from one healthy subject during a 30-minute walk on treadmill to determine the variations of muscle activation, and gait acceleration patterns, which, however subtle, could be interpreted as early indicators of muscle fatigue. Results show an increasing Tibialis Anterior (TA) and decreasing Soleus (SOL) and Gastrocnemius (GASL, GASM) activation towards the end of the task as compared to the beginning, as well as increasing acceleration peaks during the middle swing phase. By following the approach outlined here we can assess the efficiency and reduction of metabolic cost achieved by an exoskeleton. Furthermore, muscle fatigue may be linked to the efficacy of gait rehabilitation, where decreased muscle fatigue across sessions possibly indicates longer retention of benefits after training and increased walking capacity. This methodology can be used to benchmark novel exoskeletons, monitor fatigue to avoid premature tiring of patients, and optimize rehabilitation therapies.
Helicobacter pylori ‘rescue’ regimen when proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapies fail (2002)

Even with the currently most effective treatment regimens, about 10-20% of patients will fail to obtain eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Therefore, in designing a treatment strategy, we should not focus on the results of primary therapy alone, but also on the final (overall) eradication rate. The choice of second-line treatment depends on which treatment was used initially, as re-treatment with the same regimen is not recommended. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform culture after the first eradication failure. Assessment of the sensitivity of H. pylori to antibiotics only after failure of the second treatment is suggested in clinical practice. Different possibilities of empirical treatment have been suggested. After failure of proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-clarithromycin, quadruple therapy has generally been used. More recently, replacement of the proton pump inhibitor and the bismuth compound by ranitidine bismuth citrate has also achieved good results. After proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-nitroimidazole failure, re-treatment with proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-clarithromycin has been proven to be effective. Finally, first-line treatment should not combine clarithromycin and metronidazole in the same regimen, because of the problem of resistance to both antibiotics. Recently, rifabutin-based rescue therapies have been shown to constitute an encouraging strategy for eradication failures, as they are effective against H. pylori strains resistant to antibiotics.
Morphology of osteoclasts in resorbing fetal rat bone explants: Effects of PTH and AIF in vitro (1979)

Osteoclastic bone resorption was studied using 45Ca-labeled fetal rat bones cultured in the presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and an anti-invasion factor (AIF) derived from bovine hyaline cartilage which is enriched in a collagenase inhibitor. The specific morphological expressions of osteoclasts cultured in PTH and AIF were observed in both light and electron microscopy and analyzed cytometrically. Stimulation of bone resorption with PTH revealed significant increases in the numbers and activity of osteoclasts, whereas bones cultured in the presence of AIF showed significant decreases in numbers of osteoclasts and altered cell features including the loss of osteoclast contact with bone surfaces. These structural modifications were evaluated with 45Ca release data derived from matched-pair explants of fetal rat bones, revealing the existence of a relationship between resorptive states of the cultured bones and morphological expressions of osteoclastic activity.
Multiple early transcripts and splicing of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus IE-1 gene (1988)

The immediate-early IE-1 gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence analysis indicated that this gene would encode a protein of 582 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 66,822. Analysis of IE-1 gene expression during baculovirus infection identified two transcripts. One, 1.9 kilobases (kb), was expressed at constant steady-state levels throughout infection, whereas the other, 2.1 kb, was expressed only early in infection. Analysis of IE-1 cDNA clones demonstrated that the 2.1-kb transcript contained the entire 1.9-kb transcript (exon 1) plus an additional 5' end (exon 0). Genomic Southern analysis placed the exon 0 sequences on the EcoRI B fragment, 4 kilobase pairs upstream of exon 1. Sequencing of the upstream region identified an open reading frame whose 5' end was identical to the exon 0 sequences in the cDNAs. Examination of the genomic DNA sequences around the exon-exon junction revealed sequences similar to published consensus splice acceptor and donor sequences. This is the first example of splicing of any viral transcript during baculovirus infection.
Bi-directionally Pumped Discrete Raman Amplifier with Optimised Dispersion Compensation for Non—shifted Transmission Fibre (2002)

We present a bi-directionally pumped dispersion compensating Raman amplifier. The link residual dispersion (1570 nm-1607 nm) is within plusmn0.023 ps/km-nm for non-shifted transmission fibre. MPI of plusmn46.2 dB can be obtained for 8 dB net gain with 5 dB noise figure
CCDC 295914: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2006)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Halloysite Clay Nanotubes for Loading and Sustained Release of Functional Compounds (2015)

Halloysite is an alumosilicate tubular clay with a diameter of 50 nm, an inner lumen of 15 nm and a length of 600-900 nm. It is a natural biocompatible nanomaterial available in thousands of tons at low price, which makes it a good candidate for nanoarchitectural composites. The inner lumen of halloysite may be adjusted by etching to 20-30% of the tube volume and loading with functional agents (antioxidants, anticorrosion agents, flame-retardant agents, drugs, or proteins) allowing for formulations with sustained release tuned by the tube end-stoppers for hours and days. Clogging the tube ends in polymeric composites allows further extension of the release time. Thus, antioxidant-loaded halloysite doped into rubber enhances anti-aging properties for at least 12 months. The addition of 3-5 wt% of halloysite increases the strength of polymeric materials, and the possibility of the tube's orientation promises a gradient of properties. Halloysite nanotubes are a promising mesoporous media for catalytic nanoparticles that may be seeded on the tube surface or synthesized exclusively in the lumens, providing enhanced catalytic properties, especially at high temperatures. In vitro and in vivo studies on biological cells and worms indicate the safety of halloysite, and tests for efficient adsorption of mycotoxins in animals' stomachs are also carried out.
DOP10 Serum N-glycomic biomarkers predict treatment escalation in inflammatory bowel disease (2019)

Biomarkers to predict treatment response would be highly beneficial in the clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To that end we have investigated the validity of a composite N-glycomic biomarker from 10 µl of serum taken at diagnosis. An automated high-throughput fluorescent labelling of total serum N-glycans (TSNG) from 227 patients and 195 controls from Edinburgh (UK) was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Forty-seven individual glycan peaks were integrated consisting of 105 glycoforms and structurally related glycans were used to create 24 derived glycan traits. Cox proportional hazard models was used to determine prediction of treatment escalation to anti-TNF, biologics, and surgery. A replication cohort of 49 patients (15 requiring treatment escalation) was recruited in Orebro (Sweden) to validate the escalation biomarker. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine associations of glycomics with IBD and clinical markers. The glycomics biomarkers for treatment escalation gave a hazards ratio (HR) of 23.73 (p = 6.81 × 10−06) for CD and an HR of 30.83 (p = 1.88 × 10−04) for UC. A composite marker for all IBD patients gave an HR of 25.91 (p = 1.12 × 10–12) using the discovery cohort (Panel A). This composite IBD biomarker was further validated in an independent replication cohort with an HR of 5.07 (p = 1.14 × 10–5) (Panel B). Additionally, changes (Bonferroni, α < 0.05) in glycosylation-derived traits were associated with IBD (n = 13), as well as with clinical parameters (n = 18). Serum N-glycan signatures were shown to predict the need for treatment escalation in patients with CD or UC separately or all IBD patients. Therefore, serum N-glycan biomarkers could help deliver personalised treatment of IBD.
Composition and conduction properties of silicon nitrides deposited by plasma-enhanced ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapour deposition (1996)

Abstract A Some fundamental properties of silicon nitride deposition by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition have been studied. Silane and nitrogen were used to deposit the layers used for the study. The deposition temperature was maintained above 500°C in order to ensure that the hydrogen content of the film was marginally small, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. It was observed that, in order to deposit stoichiometric Si3N4 films, the flux of the volatile component nitrogen must be increased until the [N2]/[SiH4] ratio is well above 25. The leakage currents in both silicon-rich and stoichiometric films were investigated. The measured refractive index of the films was used to highlight the role of various species during the deposition of the films.
Radiation Induced Time Dependent Attenuation In A Fiber (1986)

Characteristics describing the time dependent attenuation coefficient of an optical fiber during and following a very short and intense radiation pulse are analyzed. This problem is important for transmission applications when the fiber is subjected to gamma, electron, or neutron beams. Besides time, the attenuation coefficient is a function of temperature, dose rate, dose, nature of the radiation (n,e,y), fiber composition and purity, pre-existing solid state defects, and wavelength of the transmitted signal. The peak attenuation for a given fiber is mainly determined by the dose rate and pulse length, but temperature and strain (or athermal) annealing also contribute to a partial recovery during the pulse duration. The peak attenuation per unit dose appears to be smaller at high doses, perhaps caused by particle track overlap, which produces a saturation effect. After pulse termination, the attenuation coefficient tends to recover towards its pre-radiation value at different rates, depending upon the factors mentioned above. In particular, ionized electrons relax back to the positive lattice ions at a rate which depends upon initial separation distance and temperature. The initial separation distance is a function of beam energy. Some electrons will encounter a trap in the lattice and may recombine by quantum mechanical tunneling or be removed by photons (hence, absorption). Besides ionization, radiation may induce lattice displacements which in turn produce additional absorption centers. The displacement contribution has a different time constant than that associated with ionization. These topics, as they influence fiber characteristics, are discussed, along with supporting experimental data.
Displacement of BrdUrd-induced YY1 by serum response factor activates skeletal alpha-actin transcription in embryonic myoblasts. (1992)

Muscle-restricted transcription of the skeletal alpha-actin gene is controlled in part by a positive regulator, serum response factor (SRF), and a negative regulator, F-ACT1, which bind competitively to the most proximal serum response element (SRE1). We show here that F-ACT1 is identical to a transcription factor recently cloned and described as YY1, NF-E1, delta, or UCRBP. We found that although the DNA-binding activity of SRF accumulates during myogenesis, that of YY1 diminishes simultaneously. Myoblasts rendered incapable of differentiation by BrdUrd treatment exhibited the highest level of YY1 and the lowest level of SRF activities. Transfected SRF could directly transactivate the skeletal alpha-actin promoter by overcoming the inhibitory effect of BrdUrd-induced YY1. The transactivation depends on intact SRE DNA elements and requires the DNA-binding/dimerization domain of SRF as well as its C-terminal half rich in serines and threonines. Since the functions of YY1 and SRF appear to be developmentally regulated, the convergence of their binding sites upon the SRE constitutes an integrated mechanism whereby temporal and spatial muscle gene expression may be accomplished.
Tandem Pummerer/Mannich Cyclization Cascade of α-Sulfinylamides as a Method To Prepare Aza-Heterocycles (2002)

A series of alpha-sulfinylenamides was conveniently prepared by the condensation of a primary amine with a ketone, followed by reaction of the resulting imine with ethylsulfenylacetyl chloride and subsequent oxidation with sodium periodate. When treated with p-TsOH, cyclization occurred to produce fused isoquinoline lactams by a mechanism that involves an initial Pummerer reaction followed by a subsequent cyclization of the resulting N-acyliminium ion onto the tethered aromatic ring. The isolation of a single diastereomer was rationalized in terms of a Nazarov-type 4pi-electrocyclic reaction followed by pi-cyclization onto the least hindered side of the N-acyliminium ion. Another method that was used to generate the alpha-acylthionium ion intermediate involved the reaction of bis(ethylsulfenylacetyl)acetamides with dimethyl(methyl)thiosulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMTSF). Treatment of several bis-ethylsulfenylenamides with DMTSF delivered novel spiro-heterocycles as single diastereomers in good yield by a related process. The convergency and stereochemical control associated with this cascade sequence make it particularly suited for the assembly of natural product scaffolds. Some preliminary studies were directed toward both mesembrine and deethylibophyllidine. When the model Z-enamido sulfoxide 33 was heated with p-TsOH, a 80% yield of tosylate 34 was obtained as a single diastereomer. In this case, the carbocation intermediate derived from cyclization onto the terminal pi-bond was trapped with p-TsOH from the least hindered face, opposite the angular carbomethoxy and methyl groups. Related cyclization cascades were also found to occur with systems containing tethered indole rings.
Effect of structure and impurities on the epitaxial regrowth of amorphous silicon (1980)

The regrowth of ultrahigh-vacuum-deposited amorphous silicon occurs along a planar interface which moves outward from the crystalline substrate at a nonlinear rate. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy indicates that atmospheric gases percolate into the films upon exposure to air. Of the entrapped gases, the oxygen content at a given depth correlates particularly well with the regrowth rate at that point. Extrapolation to zero oxygen content shows that deposited and implanted amorphous silicon have significantly different intrinsic regrowth rates. This difference suggests that these materials have a fundamentally different structure.
Tunable cw Lasing of Tm:KGd(WO_4)_2 near 2 μm (2005)

We describe highly efficient room temperature laser operation of Tm:KGd(WO4)2 on the 3F4→3H6 transition, tunability from 1790 to 2042 nm and pump efficiency of 40%, and consider the effect of doping level, pump wavelength and polarization.
MRP14 is elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (2010)

Pulmonary fibrosis is defined by an overgrowth of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition, and results in respiratory dysfunction that is often fatal. It is the end stage in many chronic inflammatory interstitial lung diseases (ILD) such as sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The myeloid-related proteins (MRPs) belong to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins and are highly expressed by neutrophils, macrophages and epithelial cells during chronic inflammation. MRP14 stimulates fibroblast proliferation in vitro and is expressed in granulomas from sarcoidosis patients. We hypothesized that MRP14 may be a biomarker for fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether levels of MRP14 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with sarcoidosis and IPF correlate with clinical parameters. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure MRP14 in BALF of 74 sarcoidosis patients, 54 IPF patients and 19 controls. Mean BALF levels of MRP14 were elevated significantly in IPF (P < 0.001) and sarcoidosis (P < 0.05) patients compared to controls. MRP14 levels were associated linearly with sarcoidosis disease severity based on chest radiographic stage. Moreover, BALF MRP14 levels were correlated inversely with diffusion capacity and forced vital capacity in sarcoidosis patients. In IPF patients, a correlation with BALF neutrophil percentage was found. In conclusion, BALF MRP14 levels are elevated in IPF and sarcoidosis and are associated with disease severity in sarcoidosis. The results support the need for further studies into the role of MRP14 in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis.