gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARA*: Anytime A* with Provable Bounds on Sub-Optimality (2003)

In real world planning problems, time for deliberation is often limited. Anytime planners are well suited for these problems: they find a feasi-ble solution quickly and then continually work on improving it until time runs out. In this paper we propose an anytime heuristic search, ARA*, which tunes its performance bound based on available search time. It starts by finding a suboptimal solution quickly using a loose bound, then tightens the bound progressively as time allows. Given enough time it finds a provably optimal solution. While improving its bound, ARA* reuses previous search efforts and, as a result, is significantly more effi-cient than other anytime search methods. In addition to our theoretical analysis, we demonstrate the practical utility of ARA * with experiments on a simulated robot kinematic arm and a dynamic path planning prob-lem for an outdoor rover. 1
Extending small gain and passivity theory for large-scale system interconnections (2012)

In this paper, we use classical Nyquist arguments to derive stability results for large-scale interconnections of “mixed” linear, time-invariant (LTI) systems. We compare our results with P. J. Moylan and D. J. Hill, Stability criteria for large-scale systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 23, no. 2, 1978, pp. 143-149. Our results suggest that, if one relaxes the assumptions on the subsystems in an interconnection from assumptions of passivity or small gain to assumptions of “mixedness,” then the Moylan- and Hill-like conditions on the interconnection matrix become more stringent. We also explore the stability of large-scale, time-varying interconnections of strictly positive real systems. We determine a condition that guarantees the existence of a Lyapunov function for the interconnected system.
The effect of race/ethnicity on obesity traits in first year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study (2020)

Our findings demonstrate that ethnicity has an impact on obesity traits in first-year university students. Universities should take ethnicity into account while implementing effective obesity prevention programs to promote healthy and active lifestyles for students.
Reduction of Mitoferrin Results in Abnormal Development and Extended Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (2012)

Iron is essential for organisms. It is mainly utilized in mitochondria for biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters, hemes and other cofactors. Mitoferrin 1 and mitoferrin 2, two homologues proteins belonging to the mitochondrial solute carrier family, are required for iron delivery into mitochondria. Mitoferrin 1 is highly expressed in developing erythrocytes which consume a large amount of iron during hemoglobinization. Mitoferrin 2 is ubiquitously expressed, whose functions are less known. Zebrafish with mitoferrin 1 mutation show profound hypochromic anaemia and erythroid maturation arrests, and yeast with defects in MRS3/4, the counterparts of mitoferrin 1/2, has low mitochondrial iron levels and grows poorly by iron depletion. Mitoferrin 1 expression is up-regulated in yeast and mouse models of Fiedreich's ataxia disease and in human cell culture models of Parkinson disease, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of diseases with mitochondrial iron accumulation. In this study we found that reduced mitoferrin levels in C. elegans by RNAi treatment causes pleiotropic phenotypes such as small body size, reduced fecundity, slow movement and increased sensitivity to paraquat. Despite these abnormities, lifespan was increased by 50% to 80% in N2 wild type strain, and in further studies using the RNAi sensitive strain eri-1, more than doubled lifespan was observed. The pathways or mechanisms responsible for the lifespan extension and other phenotypes of mitoferrin RNAi worms are worth further study, which may contribute to our understanding of aging mechanisms and the pathogenesis of iron disorder related diseases.
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and the origin of the ice in peat plateaus (1992)

Abstract δ 18 O and δD values (% SMOW) were measured on 159 samples from the active layer and permafrost on peat plateaus and from the adjacent fen at sites about 50 km north of Tuchitua along the Robert Campbell Highway in southeastern Yukon Territory. The regression lines for the samples from the active layer and the permafrost were very similar, which suggests that they both contained mainly water from meteoric sources. The water samples from the fen produced results which gave a noticeably different regression line, so that it appears that the icy core of the peat plateaus is the result of downward penetration of precipitation into permafrost rather than freezing water migrating from the surrounding fen. These relationships appear to be constant throughout the study area, and there is no evidence of the ice being from an earlier, colder period. The precipitation in this area of the Yukon Territory shows a δD versus δ 18 O behaviour somewhat like that reported for Whitehorse in the literature.
Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Energy Metabolism in Humans (2015)

Studies in rodents suggest that insulin controls hepatic glucose metabolism through brain-liver crosstalk, but human studies using intranasal insulin to mimic central insulin delivery have provided conflicting results. In this randomized controlled crossover trial, we investigated the effects of intranasal insulin on hepatic insulin sensitivity (HIS) and energy metabolism in 10 patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 lean healthy participants (CON). Endogenous glucose production was monitored with [6,6-(2)H2]glucose, hepatocellular lipids (HCLs), ATP, and inorganic phosphate concentrations with (1)H/(31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Intranasal insulin transiently increased serum insulin levels followed by a gradual lowering of blood glucose in CON only. Fasting HIS index was not affected by intranasal insulin in CON and patients. HCLs decreased by 35% in CON only, whereas absolute hepatic ATP concentration increased by 18% after 3 h. A subgroup of CON received intravenous insulin to mimic the changes in serum insulin and blood glucose levels observed after intranasal insulin. This resulted in a 34% increase in HCLs without altering hepatic ATP concentrations. In conclusion, intranasal insulin does not affect HIS but rapidly improves hepatic energy metabolism in healthy humans, which is independent of peripheral insulinemia. These effects are blunted in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Investigating Chloroplast Positioning and Actin Configuration with Dielectrophoresis (2009)

Plants are capable of changing their structures, even more than animals, in response to environmental changes. Those adjustments take place within a cell. For instance, to adjust light absorbing ability, chloroplasts can change their positions within a cell. A non-intrusive micromanipulation technique, dielectrophoresis, can be used to assist the investigation of intracellular adjustment. Experiments were conducted on parenchyma cells of Egeria densa acclimated to two different lighting conditions. Chloroplasts of the two cases exhibit spatially different patterns of motion during dielectrophoresis. Closer looks at the cells reveal that the change of actin configuration is the possible cause of the different motion patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Aldol Condensations Catalyzed by Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Supported Proline. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Positive EB Resist with Strong Resistance to Plasma Damage (1992)

Copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 3‐triethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (ESPMA) were synthesized and employed as an electron beam (EB) resist. The copolymer with a content of 10 mol% ESPMA worked as a positive EB resist and had 4–10 times as strong a resistance as poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) to plasma etching. The resolution and sensitivity were almost the same as those of PMMA. From experimental results concerning the insolubility of the plasma‐irradiated copolymer and measurement of IR spectra, the enhanced resistance to plasma etching appears to be caused by formation of a cross‐linking structure based on the Si‐O‐Si linkage.
Preparation and Characterization of Fiber-Tourmaline/PVA Nanofiber Prepared by Electrospinning (2013)

Abstract In this paper, fiber-tourmaline was for the first time used in preparation of fiber tourmaline nano powder. The preparation process of fiber tourmaline/PVA spinning solution based on the vinyl acetate, fiber tourmaline nano powder and EDTA was described through the use of micro-polymer chemistry laboratory equipment. The utilization of micro-polymer processing equipment-electrostatic spinning machine for the first time successfully prepared the fiber tourmaline/PVA composite nanofibers. The samples were characterized and the performance of its anion was tested, after which the impact of the addition of fiber tourmaline upon the electrospun fiber was analyzed and the best quality scores of tourmaline that need were also discussed. Keyword: Microexperimentelectrospinningnanofiberfibertourmalinehealth-care Acknowledgments National “Eleventh Five-Year” Technology Support Program Project Foundation (2006BAD 10B08) and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2009000448).
A Rolling Contact Fatigue Study of Hard Carbon Coated M-50 Steel (1992)

Hard carbon coatings with diamond-like properties were applied on AISI M-50 steel rods which were subjected to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) testing at a cyclic Hertzian stress level of 5.5 GPa. The coatings were produced using a single, broad beam ion source that directed 450 eV ions, derived from a methane discharge, onto the rods. Results from preliminary tests show that hard carbon coatings alter the fatigue failure characteristics of this material substantially. They caused the B50 lifetime to increase from 7.5 × 106 stress cycles for uncoated material to 13 × 106 but they also caused the B10 lifetime to decrease from 4 × 106 stress cycles for the uncoated material to less than 1 × 106. The coatings induced an order of magnitude increase in lifetime for some tests. Scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry and microhardness tests were used to examine coating morphologies, investigate coating/base material interfaces and demonstrate hardness increases.
Measurement of effective source shift using a grating-pinhole mask (1999)

A methodology for measuring the effective illumination source shift in exposure tools has been established. A grating-pinhole mask is placed upside-down on mask stage, and exposed. This mask consists of square pinholes with 80 micrometers square and 2D square lattices in these pinholes. The pitch of the grating pattern is suitably designed so that the 1st-order diffraction beams can illuminate the edge of the pupil of the projection optics. Both the shape of illumination source and the silhouette of the pupil of the projection optics are projected on the wafer located by normal photoresist. A conventional optical microscope is available for easily observing the photoresist patterns. The grating-pinhole consisting of attenuated phase-shifting structure has found to be also effective to measure both effective coherence factor and intensity non-uniformity of effective illumination source.
Performance evaluation of hybrid spread spectrum based wireless smart meter sensor network with multi-user detection techniques (2012)

Smart grid is the process of revitalizing the 20th century aging power grid by leveraging the communication, networking and information technological advancements of the 21st century. In the communication and networking industry, the buzz word “smart grid” initiated a discussion on the selection of the appropriate communication and networking technologies for different smart grid applications. In a recent study, a trustworthy source compared different technologies like GPRS, RF mesh, PLC and 3G cellular technologies and concluded that the 3G cellular technologies meet the requirements of distribution side smart grid applications [1]. Even though 3G cellular technologies meet the requirements of smart grid applications, based on the data size specifications of smart grid applications given in [2], an analysis on the use of the current state of the art 3G cellular technologies for smart grid applications gives an indication that their usage results in high data overhead, high latency and high power consumption (during power outage) for data transfer [3]. Therefore, in our prior work we have proposed a Hybrid Spread Spectrum (HSS) based smart meter network design that can reduce the overhead, latency and power consumption in data transfer when compared to the 3G cellular technologies [3].
The one-dimensional Green–Naghdi equations with a time dependent bottom topography and their conservation laws (2020)

This paper deals with the one-dimensional Green–Naghdi equations describing the behavior of fluid flow over an uneven bottom topography depending on time. Using Matsuno’s approach, the corresponding equations are derived in Eulerian coordinates. Further study is performed in Lagrangian coordinates. This study allowed us to find the general form of the Lagrangian corresponding to the analyzed equations. Then, Noether’s theorem is used to derive conservation laws. As some of the tools in the application of Noether’s theorem are admitted generators, a complete group classification of the Green–Naghdi equations with respect to the bottom depending on time is performed. Using Noether’s theorem, the found Lagrangians, and the group classification, conservation laws of the one-dimensional Green–Naghdi equations with uneven bottom topography depending on time are obtained.
A formal knowledge representation system for the cognitive learning engine (2011)

Knowledge representation is one of the central problems in the design and implementation of a cognitive learning engine (CLE). A formal knowledge representation system (FKRS) is developed for autonomous concept formation based on concept algebra. The object-attribute-relation (OAR) model for knowledge representation is adopted in the design of FKRS. The conceptual model, architectural model, and behavioral models of the FKRS system is formally designed and specified in real-time process algebra (RTPA). The FKRS system is implemented in Java as a major component towards the development of the CLE and other knowledge-based systems in cognitive computing and computational intelligence.
Titration of Bases in Nonaqueous Solvents (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitration of Bases in Nonaqueous SolventsJ. S. FritzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1950, 22, 8, 1028–1029Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60044a017Request reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (250 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blood pressure estimation by spatial pulse-wave dynamics in a facial video (2022)

We propose a remote method to estimate continuous blood pressure (BP) based on spatial information of a pulse-wave as a function of time. By setting regions of interest to cover a face in a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive manner, RGB facial video is converted into a spatial pulse-wave signal. The spatial pulse-wave signal is converted into spatial signals of contours of each segmented pulse beat and relationships of each segmented pulse beat. The spatial signal is represented as a time-continuous value based on a representation of a pulse contour in a time axis and a phase axis and an interpolation along with the time axis. A relationship between the spatial signals and BP is modeled by a convolutional neural network. A dataset was built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The dataset consists of continuous BP and facial RGB videos of ten healthy volunteers. The results show an adequate estimation of the performance of the proposed method when compared to the ground truth in mean BP, in both the correlation coefficient (0.85) and mean absolute error (5.4 mmHg). For comparison, the dataset was processed using conventional pulse features, and the estimation error produced by our method was significantly lower. To visualize the root source of the BP signals used by our method, we have visualized spatial-wise and channel-wise contributions to the estimation by the deep learning model. The result suggests the spatial-wise contribution pattern depends on the blood pressure, while the pattern of pulse contour-wise contribution pattern reflects the relationship between percussion wave and dicrotic wave.
Annealing-dependent effects on the magnetic anisotropy of (Ga,Mn)As (2005)

Forty patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy for invasive lobular carcinoma were studied for the volume of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) in the surgical specimen and its relationship to the surgical margins. The pathology of all cases was reviewed for margin status as well as the volume of LCIS in the surgical specimen. Mean follow-up time was 67 months. There were no local recurrences despite the fact that 38 per cent of patients had close or involved margins. There was one cancer-related death. Increasing tumor size and moderate or extensive involvement of the surgical specimen with LCIS were found to be independent predictors of axillary node metastases. The volume of LCIS in the surgical did not appear to have an impact on local recurrence. This paper adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that in patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy, LCIS in the surgical margin does not impact the risk of local recurrence and therefore may not require reexcision for close or involved surgical margins.
Competitive Exclusion of Intra-Genus Salmonella in Neonatal Broilers (2021)

Salmonellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotypes contracted from contaminated products. We hypothesized that competitive exclusion between <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes in neonatal broilers would reduce colonization and affect the host immune response. Day of hatch broilers were randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups: (1) control, which received saline, (2) <i>Salmonella</i> Kentucky (SK) only on day 1 (D1), (3) <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (ST) or <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis (SE) only on D1, (4) SK on D1 then ST or SE on day 2 (D2), (5) ST or SE on D1 then SK on D2, and (6) SK and ST or SE concurrently on D1. <i>Salmonella</i> gut colonization and incidence were measured from cecal contents. Livers and spleens were combined and macerated to determine systemic translocation. Relative mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were measured in cecal tonsils and liver to investigate local and systemic immune responses. When a serotype was administered first, it was able to significantly reduce colonization of the following serotype. Significant changes were found in mRNA expression of cytokines. These results suggest competitive exclusion by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotypes affect local and systemic immune responses.
Auge y caída de Soitu, un ejemplo de medio nativo digital en España (2010)

The structure of the Spanish online media market has experienced a deep transformation throughout 2007-2009. One of the key factors of change to be highlighted is the rise of ‘native digital’ media, which are trying to reach their share in a market still dominated by the online editions of traditional media. This article analyses these several of the initiatives at a national and regional level, such as Soitu. Among then, the case of Soitu stands out for its innovative approach, despite the fact that it closed down after a two year period. It is argued that Soitu´s example could be regarded as a point of departure in the Spanish ‘native digital’ media.
Learning curves for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the PARTNER‐I trial: Technical performance (2015)

Technical performance learning curves exist for TF-TAVR; procedural efficiency increased with experience, with concomitant decreases in radiation and contrast media exposure. The number of cases needed to achieve efficiency decreased progressively, with optimal procedural performance reached after approximately 25 cases for late-entering institutions. Knowledge and experience accumulated by early TF-TAVR institutions were disseminated, shortening the learning curve of late-entering institutions. Technological advances resulting from learning during the trial moved the field from initial conservative surgical cut-down to percutaneous access for most patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin (2007)

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a light-powered proton pump identified by community sequencing of ocean samples. Previous studies have established the ecological distribution and enzymatic activity of PR, but its role in powering cells and participation in ocean energy fluxes remains unclear. Here, we show that when cellular respiration is inhibited by depleting oxygen or by the respiratory poison azide, Escherichia coli cells expressing PR become light-powered. Illumination of these cells with light coinciding with PR's absorption spectrum creates a proton motive force (pmf) that turns the flagellar motor, yielding cells that swim when illuminated with green light. By measuring the pmf of individual illuminated cells, we quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents, estimate the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of PR (10(3) photons per second/nm2), and show that light-driven pumping by PR can fully replace respiration as a cellular energy source in some environmental conditions. Moreover, sunlight-illuminated PR+ cells are less sensitive to azide than PR- cells, consistent with PR+ cells possessing an alternative means of maintaining cellular pmf and, thus, viability. Proteorhodopsin allows Escherichia coli cells to withstand environmental respiration challenges by harvesting light energy.
Active near-field optical microscopy (2008)

Near-field probe was used to tune the resonance wavelength of a linear cavity. Theoritical and experimental study are presented to show the effect of the probe material on the cavity resonance.
Was möchte das Gehirn lernen? Biologische Randbedingungen der Langzeitgedächtnisbildung (2003)

Im folgenden Beitrag sollen zunächst die Grundmechanismen der Informationsverarbeitung im Gehirn dargestellt werden. Anschließend werden die Besonderheiten von Lernprozessen in unreifen Gehirnen, das interne Belohnungssystem des Gehirns bei Problemlösestrategien sowie das Lernen im sozialen Kontext betrachtet. Abschließend behandelt der Aufsatz das kategoriale Lernen, also die Frage, wie man multiple Erfahrungen konzeptionell ordnet. (DIPF/Orig.)