gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Gene Transfer Activities of Novel Serum Compatible Reducible Tocopherol-Based Cationic Lipids (2012)

The molecular structure of the cationic lipids greatly influences their transfection efficiency. High transfection efficiencies of tocopherol-based simple monocationic transfection lipids with hydroxylethyl headgroups were recently reported by us (Kedika, B., et al. J. Med. Chem.2011, 54 (2), 548-561). Toward enhancing the transfection efficiency of tocopherol-based lipids, we have synthesized two tocopherol-based dicationic lipids (1 and 2) using simple cystine in the headgroup region. The efficiency of tocopherol-based lipids (1 and 2) were compared with nontocopherol-based lipids (3 and 4) with cystine in the headgroup region. We report also a comprehensive structure-activity relationship study that identified tocopherol-based gemini cationic lipid 1 is a better transfecting agent than its monomeric lipid counterpart 2 and two other nontocopherol-based gemini cationic lipids (3 and 4). The transfection efficiency of lipid 1 was also greater than that of commercial formulation in HepG2 cell lines. A major characteristic feature of this investigation is that serum does not inhibit the transfection activity of tocopherol-based lipids (1 and 2) in general and in particular lipid 1 which is found to be highly serum-compatible even at higher concentrations of serum when compared to its monomeric counterpart lipid 2 and the other two control lipid analogues 3 and 4.
Soft mode theory of ferroelectric phase transitions in the low-temperature phase (2021)

Historically, the soft mode theory of ferroelectric phase transitions has been developed for the high-temperature (paraelectric) phase, where the phonon mode softens upon decreasing the temperature. In the low-temperature ferroelectric phase, a similar phonon softening occurs, also leading to a bosonic condensation of the frozen-in mode at the transition, but in this case the phonon softening occurs upon increasing the temperature. Here we present a soft mode theory of ferroelectric and displacive phase transitions by describing what happens in the low-temperature phase in terms of phonon softening and instability. A new derivation of the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller (LST) relation for materials with strong anharmonic phonon damping is also presented which leads to the expression<i>ɛ</i><sub>0</sub>/<i>ɛ</i><sub>∞</sub>= |<i>ω</i><sub>LO</sub>|<sup>2</sup>/|<i>ω</i><sub>TO</sub>|<sup>2</sup>. The theory provides a microscopic expression for<i>T</i><sub>c</sub>as a function of physical parameters, including the mode specific Grüneisen parameter. The theory also shows thatωTO∼(Tc-T)1/2, and again specifies the prefactors in terms of Grüneisen parameter and fundamental physical constants. Using the generalized LST relation, the softening of the TO mode leads to the divergence of<i>ϵ</i><sub>0</sub>and to a polarization catastrophe at<i>T</i><sub>c</sub>. A quantitative microscopic form of the Curie-Weiss law is derived with prefactors that depend on microscopic physical parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Periselectivity in the Reactions of Cyclopentadienones with 8‐Aryl‐8‐ azaheptafulvenes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insect growth regulators as control agents against stored product insects. (1990)

The introduction of advanced digital technologies continues to increase system complexity and introduce risks, which must be proactively identified and managed to support system resilience. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are one such technology; however, the risks arising from broad societal use of the technology have yet to be identified and controlled. This study applied a structured systems thinking-based risk assessment method to prospectively identify risks and risk controls for a hypothetical future BCI system lifecycle. The application of the Networked Hazard Analysis and Risk Management System (Net-HARMS) method identified over 800 risks throughout the BCI system lifecycle, from BCI development and regulation through to BCI use, maintenance, and decommissioning. High-criticality risk themes include the implantation and degradation of unsafe BCIs, unsolicited brain stimulation, incorrect signals being sent to safety-critical technologies, and insufficiently supported BCI users. Over 600 risk controls were identified that could be implemented to support system safety and performance resilience. Overall, many highly-impactful BCI system safety and performance risks may arise throughout the BCI system lifecycle and will require collaborative efforts from a wide range of BCI stakeholders to adequately control. Whilst some of the identified controls are practical, work is required to develop a more systematic set of controls to best support the design of a resilient sociotechnical BCI system.
Plasma amino acid analysis by isotope ratio gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer techniques (1975)

A routine analysis for micro samples of plasma amino acids by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer system has been developed. Isotope ratio determination was used as the quantitating technique via multiple internal standards. The speed of the analysis is increased by omitting the ion exchange purification step and its flexibility is maximized by using repetitive scanning rather than selective ion monitoring. This procedure yields excellent precision and accuracy, as demonstrated by the analysis of a known amino acid mixture and of neonatal plasma.
Selective in vitro transcription of chloroplast genes (1983)

Transcription of Euglena gracilis chloroplast genes has been investigated by using in vitro transcription systems. A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for the transcription of rRNA genes has been isolated as a nucleoprotein complex (transcriptionally active chromosome). The RNA polymerase remains tightly bound to the chloroplast DNA template and does not initiate transcription with cloned chloroplast genes. A transcriptionally active extract has been prepared from intact Euglena chloroplasts. The soluble RNA polymerase in this extract recognizes cloned chloroplast tRNA genes and tRNA-sized products have been detected after transcription. The tRNA-sized molecules specifically hybridize to the tRNA genes in the plasmid DNA. At least five tRNA-sized products have been identified from transcription of a trnY1trnH1-trnM1-trnE1-trnW1-trnG1 cluster. Evidence is also presented that processing enzymes in the chloroplast-extract can recognize a polycistronic tRNAVal-tRNAAsn-tRNAArg precursor and process it into tRNA-sized molecules. Truncated templates have been used to demonstrate that the chloroplast tRNA genes are actively transcribed. From a comparison of 5' flanking sequences in chloroplast tRNA genes, a consensus sequence which might function as a promoter, has been identified. The properties of the RNA polymerase involved in the transcription of chloroplast rRNA genes and tRNA genes have been investigated and compared.
Antibody inhibition of ferripyochelin binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelopes (1984)

A 14K molecular weight protein which has been shown to bind ferripyochelin has been purified from cell envelopes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa low iron grown cells. The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was shown to be free of contamination by lipopolysaccharide or carbohydrate. Antiserum to this protein was made in rabbits and was shown to react with the purified protein by immunoblot assay. The immunoglobulin G fraction of this antiserum blocked binding of [59Fe]pyochelin to isolated cell envelopes of P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent fashion.
Development of exosome-based DDS targeting gastrointestinal cancer (2018)

エクソソームは種々の細胞から放出される、脂質二重膜からなる粒子径100nm前後の膜小胞であり、内因性の細胞間物質輸送機構として機能している。エクソソームによる物質輸送は消化器がんの発生や増悪、転移にも関与する可能性が示されている一方で、内因性の輸送機構であるエクソソームは消化器がんを標的とした優れたDDSとなりえると期待できる。本稿では、エクソソームを利用したDDSについての課題とその解決法について紹介するとともに、これまでに報告されている消化器がんに対するエクソソームを利用したDDSの実例について紹介する。
Can we rely on selected genetic markers for population identification? Evidence from coastal Atlantic cod (2018)

The use of genetic markers under putative selection in population studies carries the potential for erroneous identification of populations and misassignment of individuals to population of origin. Selected markers are nevertheless attractive, especially in marine organisms that are characterized by weak population structure at neutral loci. Highly fecund species may tolerate the cost of strong selective mortality during early life stages, potentially leading to a shift in offspring genotypes away from the parental proportions. In Atlantic cod, recent genetic studies have uncovered different genotype clusters apparently representing phenotypically cryptic populations that coexist in coastal waters. Here, we tested if a high-graded SNP panel specifically designed to classify individual cod to population of origin may be unreliable because of natural selection acting on the SNPs or their linked background. Temporal samples of cod were collected from two fjords, starting at the earliest life stage (pelagic eggs) and carried on until late autumn (bottom-settled juveniles), covering the period during summer of high natural mortality. Despite the potential for selective mortality during the study period, we found no evidence for selection, as both cod types occurred throughout the season, already in the earliest egg samples, and there was no evidence for a shift during the season in the proportions of one or the other type. We conclude that high-graded marker panels under putative natural selection represent a valid and useful tool for identifying biological population structure in this highly fecund species and presumably in others.
Videotater (2006)

The continuous growth of media databases necessitates development of novel visualization and interaction techniques to support management of these collections. We present Videotater, an experimental tool for a Tablet PC that supports the efficient and intuitive navigation, selection, segmentation, and tagging of video. Our veridical representation immediately signals to the user where appropriate segment boundaries should be placed and allows for rapid review and refinement of manually or automatically generated segments. Finally, we explore a distribution of modalities in the interface by using multiple timeline representations, pressure sensing, and a tag painting/erasing metaphor with the pen.
NF‐κB and cancer: Mechanisms and targets (2006)

In addition to being a central coordinator of immune responses, NF-kappaB signaling also plays a critical role in cancer development and progression and it may determine the response to therapy. NF-kappaB activation was shown to provide a critical mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer and is a major factor that controls the ability of both preneoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis-based tumor surveillance mechanisms. NF-kappaB may also be involved in regulation of tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness. Importantly, NF-kappaB and the signaling pathways that mediate its activation have become attractive targets for development of new chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic approaches.
Spectra of plasmas of Ru, Rh, Pd and Mo produced with nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses (2015)

This paper describes the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emission recorded in the 2-12 nm region from Mo, Ru, Rh and Pd ions present in the laser produced plasmas. The spectra were found to be dominated by 3p-3d transitions in the 5-8 nm region, which shift slowly to shorter wavelengths with the increasing atomic number, and by 3d-4p and 3d-4f transitions at shorter wavelengths. These transitions, in a number of neighbouring ion stages, were distinguished by comparison with Cowan code calculations and previously reported data. The experimental results show that strong emission can be observed at the 6.X nm region for Ru, Rh and Pd plasmas.
Gas density balance versus flame ionization detector (1975)

Abstract Comments are made on a paper by Lanser, et al., comparing the flame ionization detector with the gas density balance for quantitative gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of a mixture of aldehydes and aldehydic esters. The suggestion that a gas density balance should be preferred to a flame ionization detector, according to our experience, is not very convincing and requires more supporting evidence.
Method for formation of thin film transistors on plastic substrates (2023)

A process for formation of thin film transistors (TFTs) on plastic substrates replaces standard thin film transistor fabrication techniques, and uses sufficiently lower processing temperatures so that inexpensive plastic substrates may be used in place of standard glass, quartz, and silicon wafer-based substrates. The process relies on techniques for depositing semiconductors, dielectrics, and metals at low temperatures; crystallizing and doping semiconductor layers in the TFT with a pulsed energy source; and creating top-gate self-aligned as well as back-gate TFT structures. The process enables the fabrication of amorphous and polycrystalline channel silicon TFTs at temperatures sufficiently low to prevent damage to plastic substrates. The process has use in large area low cost electronics, such as flat panel displays and portable electronics.
Development of DPF System for Commercial Vehicle - Basic Characteristic and Active Regenerating Performance - (2003)

Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) having an effectiveness of around 90% reduction of particulate matter (PM) are an essential after-treatment technique in order to meet upcoming PM regulations (Japan2005, Euro4, US07), which are all increasingly stringent. The continuous-regenerating DPF system [1] has been drawing particular attention, because it is possible to significantly simplify the system and reduce costs. The study presented herein investigated the application of a continuous-regenerating DPF system to commercial vehicles. Since exhaust temperatures that are encountered during a significant portion of engine operation are too low to initiate oxidation of PM, a continuously regenerating DPF must employ an oxidation catalyst. However, when the basic characteristics were investigated, an adequate PM oxidation rate was not obtained during city mode operation, during which the exhaust temperature was notably low. Consequently, continuous regeneration did not occur, and it was necessary to utilize active regeneration [2] to forcibly oxidize and remove the PM. Moreover, during high-load operating conditions, when more PM was accumulated on the filter, rapid PM oxidation inside the filter generated an extremely high temperature, resulting in filter breakage. Recently PM combustion phenomena under high temperature in filter is going to be analyzed by using of visual method [3]. In this work, a robust SiC filter [4][5] was used to withstand the high temperatures and prevent black smoke leakage. Next, using SiC filter, an active regeneration method carried out during driving was investigated. In this method, the fuel injection process was modified such that an additional late injection into the cylinder (post-injection) took place. This supplied unburned fuel to the pre-catalyst, and the PM accumulated on the filter was combusted by the heat of oxidation. Therefore, by first achieving controlled catalyst heat-up, which brought the pre-catalyst up to activation temperature (1st stage), followed by controlled filter heat-up by the post-injection process (2nd stage), the temperature became sufficiently high so that the PM was oxidized on the filter, and then regenerated actively. A catalyst temperature feedback method was devised to control the post-injection process, in order to control filter temperature, to suppress abnormal heat-up during active regeneration, and to obtain an acceptable regeneration efficiency. With this control, when active regeneration was initiated during vehicle operation, the resulting filter temperature was very stable, and a good regeneration efficiency is obtained. Based on the above results, a DPF system was suggested for commercial vehicles frequently operated in a city mode, and a high-reliability, active regeneration system was devised. For practical use in the future, there are still significant tasks to be solved, for example, how to remove the ash build-up on the filter. However, a DPF system that offers reduced impact on the environment would hopefully be realized soon.
Chiral Phosphoromorpholidate Derivatives of Oligothymidylate and Their Hybridization Abilities (1992)

Abstract Interactions of diastereomerically pure phosphoromorpholidate analogs of oligothymidylate with poly(dA) were examined. Obvious differences between diastereomers appeared in duplex formation and tentative stereochemical characterizations of them were done.
PEG 사슬이 표면 처리된 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈의 개발 및 단백질 흡착성 연구 (2019)

목적 : 여러 분자량의 polyethylene glycols(PEGs)을 화학적 공유결합으로 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈 표면에 고정시켰다. PEG의 도입이 렌즈의 표면 습윤성, 단백질 흡착성, 광투과율 등에 미치는 영향을 PEG의 길이 혹은 PEG의 적용여부 등에 초점을 맞추어 분석하는데 실험 목적이 있다.
방법 : PEG에 Jones oxidation 반응을 통해 알코올기를 카르복실 작용기로 변형시켰고, 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈 표면에 화학적으로 결합시켰다. 역상 고성능 크로마토그래피와 단백질 표준검량선을 이용하여 제조된 렌즈들에 흡착된 단백질을 정량하였다.
결과 : PEG가 개질된 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈는 우수한 광투과율과 표면 습윤성을 보였고 이는 상업적으로 이용가능한 수치이다. 단백질 흡착 실험 결과를 살펴보면, 보단 긴 PEG 사슬이 적용된 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈는 표면 친수성이 더 우수하기 때문에 단백질 흡착량이 더욱 감소하였다.
결론 : 본 연구에서는 PEG가 표면-개질된 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈를 제조하고 이들의 물성을 조사하였다. PEG각 적용된 렌즈는 90% 이상의 광투과율과 개선된 표면 습윤성을 보여주었다. 특히, 보다 긴 PEG2000이 적용된 렌즈에는 PEG가 적용되지 않은 대조군이나 짧은 PEG164가 적용된 렌즈 보다 단백질의 흡착이 크게 감소되었다. PEG가 표면에 적용된 하이드로겔의 제조는 안의료용 바이오소재 뿐만 아니라 단백질-비흡착 기기의 개발에 큰 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.
Diagnosis of sphingolipidoses: a new simultaneous measurement of lysosphingolipids by LC-MS/MS (2017)

This LC-MS/MS method allows a rapid and simultaneous quantification of LysoSLs and is useful as a biochemical diagnostic tool for sphingolipidoses.
Abstract WP300: Optimal Prehospital Stroke Triage is Highly Dependent on Individual Hospital Reperfusion Times (2020)

Background: Prehospital routing decisions for patients with suspected stroke depends on many factors. Past decision modeling analyses have incorporated patient and hospital characteristics such as age, stroke severity, and average door-to-reperfusion times. However, these models do not include actual hospital performance data. We sought to determine whether inclusion of actual hospital data for door-to-needle and door-to-puncture times for thrombolysis (tPA) and thrombectomy (EVT) affects optimal routing destinations. Methods: Our previously published simulation model incorporates geographic, patient, and hospital data to determine optimal transport destination, using a standard distribution of tPA and EVT times by hospital type (PSC vs CSC). We enhanced the model using actual hospital performance data on tPA and EVT treatment times from all Northeast Get with the Guidelines Stroke hospitals. We used 1000 patient locations based on census density with 10 levels of stroke severity at each location, running 2,000 simulations for each hypothetical scenario (20 million simulations per model version) to determine the optimal treatment destination. We compared model recommendations from the 2 versions to determine if the results changed with use of actual hospital data. Potential gains to patients were calculated using quality-adjusted life years. Results: Of the 10,000 simulated scenarios, 2170 scenarios (21.7%) had the same optimal destination in both model versions. Of the 7830 scenarios with changed recommendations, 542 (6.9%) scenarios had a change from PSC to CSC recommendation, 2927 (37.3%) from CSC to PSC, and 4361 (55.7%) changed within group from one PSC to another, or from one CSC to another. Likelihood and type of recommendation change did not vary significantly by stroke severity. Optimized hospital destination led to gains of up to 78 quality-adjusted days relative to the baseline model. Conclusion: Prehospital routing models for patients with suspected stroke may benefit from inclusion of actual hospital performance characteristics. In our model, this resulted in more than a third of patients switching from CSC to PSC and keeping initial care local. Further replication is needed to avoid patient harm and potential overtriage to CSC.
Novel transforming growth factor beta receptor I kinase inhibitor galunisertib (LY2157299) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2019)

NCT01246986 at ClinicalTrials.gov.
Cyanoacetylation of Indoles, Pyrroles and Aromatic Amines with the Combination Cyanoacetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride (2004)

Cyanoacetic acid was activated with acetic anhydride and when heated this reagent reacted with a variety of both activated and deactivated pyrroles, indoles and aniline derivatives.
Stimulus edge effects in the measurement of macular pigment using heterochromatic flicker photometry (2015)

Heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) is the most common technique of measuring macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Some data strongly suggest that HFP samples MPOD specifically at the edge of center-fixated circular stimuli. Other data have led to the conclusion that HFP samples over the entire area of the stimulus. To resolve this disparity, MPOD was measured using HFP and a series of solid discs of varying radii (0.25 to 2.0 deg) and with thin annuli corresponding to the edge of those discs. MPOD assessed with the two methods yielded excellent correspondence and linearity: Y=0.01+0.98X , r=0.96. A second set of experiments showed that if a disc stimulus is adjusted for no-flicker (the standard procedure) and simply reduced in size, no flicker is observed despite the higher level of MPOD in the smaller area. Taken together, these results confirm that MPOD is determined at the edge of the measuring stimulus when using stimulus sizes in the range that is in dispute (up to a radius of 0.75 deg). The basis for this edge effect can be explained by quantitative differences in the spatial-temporal properties of the visual field as a function of angular distance from the fixation point.
Simulation of electric vehicle charging station and harmonic treatment (2012)

Because of less pollution and low consumption, electric vehicles play an important role in solving the energy shortage and environmental degradation problems. But harmonics will be generated during the charging process of electric vehicles because of the existence of nonlinear equipments, it will affect the power quality and system operating seriously. In this paper, the simulation model of electric vehicle charging station is built and the characteristic of harmonics generated during charging process are analyzed, then passive filters are added to the model.