gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging for renal tumors (2003)

Although ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have many indications for imaging renal tumors, CT, with new uses and improved diagnostic capabilities, remains the gold standard in renal imaging.
The Art of Breathing: Oxygen (2017)

This is an image-based article and should be viewed in PDF form. Please click on the link to open the PDF version.
Health and safety in welding (1967)

How adequate are the provisions for the safety and well-being of people in the welding industry? Efforts are currently being made by Government health services and the engineering industry itself to improve working conditions and to spread information about safe practice, but how effective are they? How many welders are operating in ignorance of minor, but dangerous, hidden hazards? Should industrial management and welding organisations be paying more attention to these problems? This article is an attempt to draw attention to such questions by reviewing some of the investigation now being directed to the field of health and safety.
Noncovalent Interactions of Derivatized Pyrenes with Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Pyrene has been a popular molecular structure in the noncovalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and the selectivity between metallic and semiconducting SWNTs for the underlying interactions has been exploited for the postproduction metallic–semiconducting nanotube separation. Two pyrene derivatives, 1-pyreneacetic acid (PyAA) and 1-docosyloxylmethylpyrene (DomP), which are hydrophilic and hydrophobic, respectively, were evaluated on their noncovalent interactions with SWNTs, as relevant to their selectivity and applicability to the postproduction separation. The results suggested that the interactions were not only dependent on molecular structures but also sensitive to solvent conditions and that a relatively lower solvent strength environment (solutions of less polar solvents) might be more favorable to the realization of the selectivity between interactions with metallic and semiconducting SWNTs. The surprising differences for the two pyrene derivatives in terms of their doping effects on the band gap transitions in semiconducting SWNTs are also reported and discussed.
Enhanced signal processing algorithms for buried unexploded ordnance detection and location estimation with magnetometer and electromagnetic induction measurements (1993)

Enhanced signal processing algorithms have been developed for the detection and location of buried unexploded ordnance using magnetometry and electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements. These signal processing algorithms are related to those used to image with geophysical diffraction tomography (GDT) employing wave-based measurements. The underlying relationship of GDT is the Generalized Projection Slice Theorem (GPST) that relates the spatial Fourier transform of acquired data to the spatial Fourier transform of subsurface inhomogeneities of one higher dimension. This relationship can be used to simulate data templates for known targets and, by virtue of the shift property of Fourier transforms, a data simulation need only be computed for one reference target location. All other target locations are generated by an appropriate phase shift. These data templates can be correlated with acquired data to determine the spatial distribution of probable target location. This approach to target detection and location estimation, referred to as a maximum likelihood estimation, can be used to produce an {open_quotes}image{close_quotes} of the likelihood of a specified target`s position. For non wave-based methods, the relationship between data and target characteristics is not strictly associated with Fourier transforms. In the case of magnetometry, the appropriate GPST requires a Fourier-Laplace transform of the target characteristics while the EMI GPST is based on an integral transform with a complex wavenumber. Nevertheless, the shift rule for integral transforms can be invoked to yield GPST`s for these tools and the associated computationally efficient maximum likelihood estimators. The EMI detection algorithm was applied to data acquired at a known underground storage tank site and the algorithms for both magnetometry and EMI were applied to data acquired at the Magnetic Range of the Naval EOD Tech Center in Indian Head, Maryland.
Surface-phonon dispersion curves and the longitudinal resonance in Ag(001) observed by helium-atom scattering (1994)

An intense longitudinal-surface-phonon resonance in addition to the Rayleigh mode is observed on Ag(001) by inelastic helium-atom scattering (HAS). This mode, which is only barely visible by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, is similar to the one previously detected by HAS for Cu(001). This observation provides additional evidence for the pseudocharge model previously invoked to explain the anomalous longitudinal resonance observed in several metal surfaces by HAS. The observed differences between Cu(001) and Ag(001) are also shown to be consistent with the pseudocharge model.
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF A LARGE SCALE PULSED LOAD HELIUM REFRIGERATOR (2010)

A large scale Helium refrigerator is completely designed to cope with pulsed heat load varying from 18 kW to 24 kW at a period of 1800 s. A dedicated process is defined at the cold end to allow a smooth damping of the cycle parameters (flow, pressure, temperature) in order to get quasi‐steady conditions applied to the turbines and compressor station. All the equipment and components including the PID control loops are defined and parameterized in order to optimize the control. Within HYSYS dynamic simulation environment, the overall system with transient heat load applied to the liquid helium bath is simulated satisfactorily confirming the realistic and quasi steady operating conditions.
Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site, Woods Scoring Record Number 376 (2005)

Abstract : This scoring record documents the efforts of Shaw Environmental, Inc.. to detect and discriminate inert unexploded ordnance (UXO) utilizing the APG Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Woods. Scoring Records have been coordinated by Larry Overbay and the Standardized UXO Technology Demonstration Site Scoring Committee. Organizations on the committee include, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, the Institute for Defense Analysis, the U.S. Army Environmental Center, and the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center.
Hydrogen breath test for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance, is the routine sugar load the best one? (2008)

Most patients with a positive HBT-25 normally absorb a lower dose of lactose and a strict lactose restriction on the basis of a "standard" HBT is, in most instances, unnecessary. Thus, the 25 g lactose tolerance test should probably be substituted by the 12.5 g test in the diagnosis of LI, and in providing dietary guidelines to patients with suspected lactose malabsorption/intolerance.
Filter Banks for Next Generation Multicarrier Wireless Communications (2010)

1Department of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland 2Orange Labs, France Telecom, 4 Rue du Clos Courtel, B.P. 91226, 35512 Cesson Sevigne Cedex, France 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9206, USA 4Centre Tecnologic de Telecommunication de Catalunya (CTTC), Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Avinguda del Canal Olimpic, Casstelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
Linear stability analysis of thermocapillary convection inliquid bridges using a mixed finite difference‐spectralmethod (1995)

A linear stability analysis has been employed to investigate the thermocapillary instability occurring in a nonisothermal liquid bridge. The steady, axisymmetric basic state was solved numerically using a finite difference method. A mixed finite difference‐spectral method, combining the advantages of both methods, was then used to reduce the linear disturbance equations to an eigenvalue problem. The critical Marangoni numbers for axisymmetric disturbances are predicted for small Prandtl numbers and various aspect ratios. The effect of surface heat transfer is also investigated. The present results are compared with energy‐theory results and with the results of other experiments.
Sofiware Partitioning for Distributed, Sequential, Pipelined Applications (1989)

Investigation into real-time performance analysis and allocation of system resources to meet throughout and response time requirements has resulted in a proposed methodology for structuring software for real-time distributed systems. A queueing network model is used to estimate real-time performance for alternative software partitions, and those partitions which can satisfy user performance requirements while requiring minimal resources are determined. The current work is limited to feed-forward, pipelined structures. Partition blocks are formed by merging user-specified modules, and the required processing power to meet user requirements is then determined. A two queue model, representing module service and communications, is analyzed using queueing network approximation. The results show that the optimal solution set can be determined using a branch and bound approach. An example of the application of the results to a real system is provided. The results have been implemented as a user-interactive software structuring tool.
A robust and efficient method for obtaining the complex modes in inhomogeneously filled waveguides (2003)

Abstract In this paper, we present a computational simulation of the complex wave propagation in inhomogeneously filled waveguides with lossless and lossy dielectrics. We use a biorthonormal‐basis method as a numerical technique. The behavior of complex modes in different waveguides whose characterization with other methods involves some difficulties is analyzed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 218–222, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10875
RAFT Polymerization of Methyl Acrylate in Carbon Dioxide (2005)

Abstract Summary: Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) in solution containing either 22 vol.‐% CO 2 or toluene were performed at 80 °C and 300 bar using cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) at concentrations between 1.8 × 10 −3 to 2.5 × 10 −2 mol · L −1 as the RAFT agent. Product molecular weight distributions and average molecular weights indicated the successful control of MA polymerization in CO 2 , even at low CDB concentrations. RAFT polymerization rates were strongly retarded by CDB and were lower in CO 2 than in toluene solution. The enhanced fluidity associated with the addition of CO 2 to the polymerizing system provided access to mechanistic details of RAFT polymerization. The data of the present study into MA, together with our recent results on RAFT polymerization of styrene in solution of CO 2 and of toluene, suggest that self‐termination of intermediate RAFT radicals is responsible for retardation in case of high concentrations of this intermediate and in case of enhanced fluidity, which may be achieved by polymerization in solution of CO 2 . magnified image
Abstract 152: Galectin-7 increases the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells and promotes tumor escape (2014)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world, the second most common gynecological cancer and the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for the majority of ovarian cancers. Here, we have investigated the role of galectin-7 in EOC. Galectin-7 is an epithelial cell marker which has been shown to play an important role in the progression of many types of cancer, including breast cancer and colon cancer. Galectins play an important role in several physiological processes, including cell migration, programmed cell death and regulation of the immune response. They are also involved in a number of pathological conditions, including cancer. In fact, galectins have been shown to create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by killing helper and effector T cells. They can also bind to the surface of tumor cells to form cell surface lattice that stabilizes the expression of key growth factor receptors, thereby increasing cell growth, motility, and production of matrix metalloproteinases. Using tissue microarrays, we found that gal-7 expression increases in malignant tumors compared to normal tissues and benign tumors. Detection of galectin-7 was also more frequent in tissue samples with metastasis as compared to non-metastatic primary tumor samples. Western blot analysis showed that OVCAR-3 EOC cells secrete gal-7, while no expression was detected in COV-434, A2780 and SK-OV-3 cell lines. Treatment of EOC cells with recombinant gal-7 increased their invasive behavior through matrigel and their ability to express MMP-9, an extracellular protease which confers an invasive phenotype to cancer cells. Treatment of freshly isolated human PBMCs with gal-7 also showed gal-7 increased apoptosis of monocytes, T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells. Overall, these data provide impetus for further studies to determine the potential of gal-7 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of EOC. Citation Format: Marilyne Labrie, Maria Claudia Vladoiu, Andrée-Anne Grosset, Louis Gaboury, Yves St-Pierre. Galectin-7 increases the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells and promotes tumor escape. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-152
Abstract 14067: A Novel Tool for Highly Reliable and Accurate Prediction of Multiple Complications in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2021)

Introduction: Precise risk-prediction of post-procedural adverse events and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is critical to weighing treatment options and shared decision-making. Post-PCI complications are becoming less coming with quality improvement initiatives, however, there remains a significant risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), bleeding, and death. We hypothesized that with the use of random forest algorithms, we would be able to create accurate models to predict post-PCI complications. Methods: Our study cohort included 71,963 PCI procedures from the BMC2 registry performed at 48 hospitals in Michigan between 4/1/2018 and 9/30/2020. Random forest models were created using 74 pre-procedural clinical and laboratory variables to estimate the risk of each in-hospital outcome including mortality, AKI, major bleeding, and the need for a blood transfusion. A reduced model was created with the 20 most influential variables. The entire cohort was randomly separated into two groups for training (n=35,981) and validation (n=35,982). Model performance was evaluated in an independent validation data set using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The overall mortality was 1.76% (n = 1,264), there were 1,743 (2,42%) AKI events, 665 (0.92%) major bleeds, and 1,745 (2.42%) transfusions. The reduced models demonstrated excellent discrimination for all measured outcomes (Fig. 1) including mortality (AUC: 0.936 [95%CI 0.931-0.941]), AKI (AUC: 0.857 [95%CI 0.848-0.865]), major bleeding (AUC: 0.859 [95%CI 0.846-0.872]), and need for transfusion (AUC: 0.881 [95%CI 0.874-0.888]). Conclusions: The risk of post-PCI complications including mortality, AKI, major bleeding, and need for transfusion can be accurately calculated using a random forest algorithm of common pre-procedural factors to help better inform clinicians of a patient’s risk for better treatment selection and shared decision-making.
Supplementary Table S2: from Cancer Therapy Directed by Comprehensive Genomic Profiling: A Single Center Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Matched-direct versus matched-indirect therapy: Definitions of exploratory analyses based on target&lt;sup&gt;a impact&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Optimizing the roles of unit and non-unit protection methods within DC microgrids (2013)

Summary form only given. The characteristic behavior of physically compact, multiterminal dc networks under electrical fault conditions can produce demanding protection requirements. This represents a significant barrier to more widespread adoption of dc power distribution for microgrid applications. Protection schemes have been proposed within literature for such networks based around the use of non-unit protection methods. This paper shows however that there are severe limitations to the effectiveness of such schemes when employed for more complex microgrid network architectures. Even current differential schemes, which offer a more effective, though costly, protection solution, must be carefully designed to meet the design requirements resulting from the unique fault characteristics of dc microgrids. This paper presents a detailed analysis of dc microgrid behavior under fault conditions, illustrating the challenging protection requirements and demonstrating the shortcomings of non-unit approaches for these applications. Whilst the performance requirements for the effective operation of differential schemes in dc microgrids are shown to be stringent, the authors show how these may be met using COTS technologies. The culmination of this work is the proposal of a flexible protection scheme design framework for dc microgrid applications which enables the required levels of fault discrimination to be achieved whilst minimizing the associated installation costs.
High temperature tolerance in grain legumes (2015)

High temperature stress (or heat stress) during reproductive stages is becoming aserious constraint toproductivity of grain legumes as their cultivation is expanding to warmer environments and temperature variability is increasing due to climate change.Large genetic variations exist ingrainlegumesforheat tolerance whichcan be exploited for development of locally adapted heat tolerant cultivars. Heat tolerant cultivars will be more resilient to the impacts of climate change, allow flexibility in sowing dates and enhance opportunities for expanding area of grain legumes to new nichesand croppingsystems.
Extreme Elongation of Vesicles Under DC Electric Fields (2008)

Motive . The motivation of the current study is to investigate the response of vesicles to applied electric fields, with potential applications in electroporation-mediated molecular delivery [3]. In this technique, an applied field transiently permeabilizes the cell membrane to gain access to the cytoplasm, and deliver active agents such as genes, RNA, proteins into the cell. Although widely applied in classical and emerging areas such as drug delivery and stem cell research, current electroporation techniques suffer from low efficiency and high cell death [4]. The present work is a step towards understanding the complex fundamental processes involved in electroporation, and possibly improving it via parametric optimization. For this purpose we use vesicular cellular mimics as our model to provide good controllability, and to focus on the dynamics of the lipid membrane. Our preliminary results show extreme elongation of the vesicles under high-strength, short-duration DC pulses. Such deformation may significantly affect electroporation, and hence the efficiency of molecular delivery.
Assessing the spatial extent of breast tumor intrinsic optical contrast using ultrasound and diffuse optical spectroscopy (2008)

Little is known about the relationship between anatomic and functional contrast derived from intrinsic optical signals. In order to address this relationship, finite-element (FEM) forward simulations were compared to diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) reflectance measurements obtained from 10 breast tumor patients. Clinical ultrasound images were used to estimate anatomical tumor size and depth for the FEM simulations. Actual DOS-measured tumor absorption could not be matched by forward model simulations when tumor size was constrained to match ultrasound dimensions. However, agreement was achieved when the lesion was viewed as a distribution of optical properties (i.e., an extended target). This result suggests that the spatial extent of optical contrast in breast tumors may be significantly greater than anatomical dimensions reported by standard imaging modalities. Analysis indicates that invasive breast tumors with anatomical dimensions of 1 cm may still be detectable at depths of 30 mm or more (the center of the lesion to the surface of tissue) using DOS in a reflectance geometry.
Doppler-surface mapping technique for characterisation of spinning cylinders illuminated by radar (2005)

The objective of this paper is to present a new Doppler-surface mapping (D-map) technique for understanding the backscattering characteristics of broadside illuminated electrically large spinning cylindrical radar targets. The D-map technique utilises new results that indicate that for nominally axi-symmetric rotations, an asymmetric and discrete line Doppler spectrum will always be present. In essence these frequency spectra are mapped to the target surface and represented In the form of a scattering half angle. Two classes of target (metallic and dielectric) are studied at rotation rates between 1Hz and 8Hz. The technique has practical relevance since from knowing the scattering angle and target dimensions, it is possible to determine the area of the target surface contributing to the backscattered response. It is found that the target scattering angle is invariant with rotation speed. However, the scattering angle for the dielectric cylinder is 50% greater than for the metallic cylinder suggesting that the technique could be used to discriminate between targets with differing electrical (material) properties or surface roughness characteristics.
Structure−Function Correlations of the Reaction of Reduced Nicotinamide Analogues withp-Hydroxybenzoate Hydroxylase Substituted with a Series of 8-Substituted Flavins (1999)

Structural and kinetic studies have revealed two flavin conformations in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PHBH), the in-position and the out-position. Conversion between these two conformations is believed to be essential during catalysis. Although substrate hydroxylation occurs while the flavin in PHBH is in the in-conformation, the position of the flavin during reduction by NADPH is uncertain. To investigate the catalytic importance of the out-conformation of the flavin and to clarify the mechanism of flavin reduction in PHBH, we report quantitative structure-reactivity relationships (QSAR) using PHBH substituted separately with nine derivatives of FAD modified in the 8-position and four dihydronicotinamide analogues as reducing agents. The 8-position of the FAD isoalloxazine ring was chosen for modification because in PHBH it has minimal interactions with the protein and is accessible to solvent. The chemical sequence of events during catalysis by PHBH was not altered when using any of the modified flavins, and normal products were obtained. Although the rate of reduction of PHBH reconstituted with flavin derivatives is expected to be dependent on the redox potential of the flavin, no strict correlation was observed. Instead, the rate of reduction correlated with the kappa-substituent constant, which is based on size and hydrophobicity of the 8-substituent on the FAD. Substituents that sterically hinder attainment of the out-conformation decreased the rate of flavin reduction much more than expected on the basis of the redox potential of the flavin. The results of this QSAR analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that the flavin in PHBH must move to the out-conformation for proper formation of the charge-transfer complex between NADPH and FAD that is necessary for rapid flavin reduction.