gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the performances of a fully 4H-SiC insultated DC/AC converters (2017)

A complex power converter system is realized with only 4H-SiC devices. It is a DC/AC power converter with an isolation of 4kVdc and made by two stages: a DC/DC Phase Shift Full Bridge converter and a DC/AC full bridge inverter. The input voltage is 48Vdc and the output is 132Vrms with a frequency of 50Hz and 400Hz. The DC/DC PSFB is controlled at a frequency of 100kHz with an integrated circuit, whereas the DC/AC inverter at a switching frequency of 50kHz and 75kHz through commercial FPGA. Different 4H-SiC power transistors from ROHM semiconductor and ST Microelectronics are tested in order to compare their performances. The result is that the output capacitance limits the efficiency of the system and it should be the lowest possible.
On the Coupling of Inverse Design and Optimization Techniques for the Multiobjective, Multipoint Design of Turbomachinery Blades (2009)

Automatic optimization techniques have been used in recent years for the aerodynamic and mechanical design of turbomachine components. Despite the many advantages, their use is usually limited to simple applications in industrial practice, because of their high computational cost. In this paper, an optimization strategy is presented, which enables the three-dimensional multipoint, multiobjective aerodynamic optimization of turbomachinery blades in a time frame compatible with industrial standards. The design strategy is based on the coupling of three-dimensional inverse design, response surface method, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, and computational fluid dynamics analyses. The blade parametrization is performed by means of a three-dimensional inverse design method, where aerodynamic parameters, such as the blade loading, are used to describe the blade shape. Such a parametrization allows for a direct control of the aerodynamic flow field and performance, leading to a major advantage in the optimization process. The design method was applied to the redesign of a centrifugal and of an axial compressor stage. The two examples confirmed the validity of the design strategy to perform the three-dimensional optimization of turbomachine components, accounting for both design and off-design performance, in a time-efficient manner. The coupling of response functions and inverse design parametrization also allowed for an easy sensitivity analysis of the impact of the design parameters on the performance ones, contributing to the development of design guidelines that can be exploited for similar design applications.
Hierarchical SnO2 Nanosheets Array as Ultralong-Life Integrated Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

Integrated SnO 2 electrode with hierarchical nanosheets array structure growing on three-dimensional (3D) macroporous Ni foam substrates is successfully prepared via a facile and effective template-free route. The self-supported integrated electrode can be directly used as anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without adding any ancillary materials. As a result, such integrated electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performances. It maintains a high reversible discharge capacity of 1617.8[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and a high cycling stability of 829.2[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] even after 500 cycles. The unique structural features with large areas, shorter transport path of ion and electron as well as robust mechanical strength are probably responsible for the enhanced performance.
Differences in the developmental origins of the periosteum may influence bone healing (2014)

Jaw bone periosteum exhibits a unique gene expression profile that is associated with neural crest cells and has a positive influence on bone regeneration when used as a graft material to repair bone defects. A full investigation of the biological and mechanical properties of jaw bone as an alternative graft material for jaw reconstructive surgery is recommended.
High dose chlorambucil versus Binet's modified cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1997)

The current study showed that HD-CLB is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for patients with advanced and/or progressive CLL. Therefore, the authors recommend its wider use, possibly in comparison with and/ or in combination with new therapeutic agents, such as purine analogues.
Depurinating and Stable Benzo[a]pyrene−DNA Adducts Formed in Isolated Rat Liver Nuclei (1996)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are bound to DNA by two major pathways, one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation, to form adducts that are stable in DNA under normal conditions of isolation and depurinating adducts that are released from DNA by cleavage of the bond between the purine base and deoxyribose. Isolated rat liver nuclei have been used as an in vitro model for studying covalent binding of aromatic hydrocarbons to DNA, but the depurinating adducts formed by nuclei have not been identified or compared to those formed by the more commonly used rat liver microsomes. To examine the profiles of stable and depurinating adducts, nuclei from the livers of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced male MRC Wistar rats were incubated with [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and NADPH. Three depurinating adducts, 8-(BP-6-yl)Gua, 7-(BP-6-yl)Gua, and 7-(BP-6-yl)Ade, were obtained from the nuclei, as seen previously with rat liver microsomes or in mouse skin. The profile of stable adducts analyzed by the 32P-postlabeling method was qualitatively similar to that found in the microsomal activation of BP or in mouse skin treated with BP. Low-temperature fluorescence studies of the nuclear DNA revealed the presence of stable BP adducts originating from syn- and anti-BP diol epoxide.
An OFDM Blind Adaptive Array Using Guard Interval with Eigen-Beamspace Preprocessor (2007)

Service of one-segment broadcasting, which is a new type of the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting, began in Japan in April, 2006, and its use in mobile phones and car navigation equipments is attracting nationwide attention. It is known that the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transmission technology is used in the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting and wireless LAN. The features of OFDM are high efficiency of frequency utilization and also effective use of FFT as a modulation scheme. In addition, a guard interval(GI) is inserted into the head of each OFDM symbol to overcome the delay spread of the channel. Hence, the communication performance of OFDM is superior to that of a single carrier in a multipath environment where the delay times of multipath waves are within GI. However, inter-carrier interference is caused by incidence of multipath waves with delay time beyond GI or Doppler shift at mobile reception, which results in serious degradation in the OFDM transmission performance. For suppressing the inter-carrier interference, beam-forming and null-steering techniques by adaptive array antennas have been investigated [1]–[3]. As one of them, the MMSE(Minimum Mean Square Error) adaptive array utilizing the GI in OFDM was proposed which is a blind adaptive processor of pre-FFT type [2]. In this paper, we introduce the eigen-beamspace preprocessor into the MMSE adaptive array presented in [2] to improve the convergence characteristics. Furthermore, we attempt to use the differential CMA(Constant Modulus Algorithm) criterion, which also is a blind algorithm, in place of MMSE in the system. Via computer simulation, the performances of the proposed blind adaptive systems are clarified.
<title>Model-based color image sequence quantization</title> (1994)

We investigate the display of color image sequences using a model-based approach to multilevel error diffusion. We extend Bouman and Kolpatzik's technique for design of optimal filters to the temporal dimension. Our model for the human visual system accounts for the spatial and temporal frequency dependence of the contrast sensitivity of the luminance and chrominance channels. We observe an improvement in image quality over that yielded by frame-independent quantization, when the frame rate is sufficiently high to support temporal averaging by the human visual system.
EgoFlecto (2015)

The car has for a long time been an essential part of a household and has different meanings for the individual. Some experience their car simply as a practicality, while others are far more attached to it. In this project we investigate the notion of being calm and in control in the car while commuting and propose a concept for enhancing this notion. Based on an iterative design process, we have developed a platform to test different ways of enhancing self-reflection in the car. The concept EgoFlecto is based on a seductive design strategy that aims to alter people's behavior simply through self-reflection and not through a forceful design. The design tries to present the driver with their actions, without requiring different forms of interactions, but by letting the driver interact with the car as usual.
Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous phosphates of Nordvik, North Siberian Basin (2010)

Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous calcite-rich phosphate (fluor/hydroxy apatite) concretions in the North Siberian basin (Nordvik) have been analysed. Their mineralogical and geochemical (major, trace and rare earth element) characteristics are presented in a sedimentological context. Low oxygen conditions prevailed along large parts of the seafloor of this wide epicontinental sea. In the Nordvik region this, in combination with slow and very fine-grained clastic sedimentation, and high algal production, resulted in the formation of phosphatic concretions. The concretions mainly consist of microcrystalline to ultracrystalline apatite and calcite, with traces of sphalerite, pyrite, kaolinite, quartz and albite. The clastic composition of the concretions is comparable with the surrounding Nordvik shales. Dysoxic–anoxic conditions in the last precipitating pore-water phases (early diagenetic) are reflected in enrichments in, for example, vanadium, uranium and the rare earth elements in the concretions.
Absolute quantification of transferrin in blood samples of harbour seals using HPLC-ICP-MS (2011)

Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) are bio-indicators for the assessment of their habitat and environmental changes. Besides population parameters and trends (survival, age structure, sex ratio), the individual health status represents a further important parameter for this assessment. The health status of seals is a complex and vague term, determined by a wide range of diagnostic parameters. Quantities of important blood proteins such as transferrin (Tf), as well as altered distribution patterns of its glycoforms, are frequently used as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. Within this context Tf quantities and a varying pattern of its glycoforms are used as indicator for e.g. certain liver diseases, which also represents one of the most frequently observed pathological indication in harbour seals of the North Sea. Currently, most assay based quantification methods for Tf are limited since they often provide only information regarding the total Tf concentration rather than information of its different glycoforms. Due to a lack of suitable seal Tf antibodies also the application of more specific antibody based approaches is not possible. Within this background a new approach for the absolute quantification of the iron-transport protein Tf in the blood of harbour seals using its characteristic iron content and HPLC-ICP-MS detection is described. Method validation was performed using a certified human serum reference material (ERM-DA470K/IFCC). A Tf concentration of 2.33 ± 0.03 g L(-1) (sum of all quantified glycoforms) has been calculated, which is in good agreement with the certified total Tf concentration of 2.35 ± 0.08 g L(-1), confirming the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. Finally, different seal samples were analysed to demonstrate the suitability of the procedure for the quantification of Tf in real samples as well as to observe modified glycoform patterns. Compared to our previous studies for the first time it was possible to quantify the serum Tf baseline reference range for male (1.42-2.35 g L(-1)) and female German North Sea seals (1.93-2.74 g L(-1)) as well as a CDT level of 0.00-0.10 g L(-1), respectively, which provides valuable further diagnostic information regarding the health status of these specific marine mammals. Compared to assay based quantification approaches the proposed technique indicates great potential to obtain comparable and traceable absolute quantitative results, which are in particular important for long term investigations. This absolute quantification is based on an accurate, traceable element standard, while assay based approaches often show variations depending on the kit quality or changing activities of the used antibodies.
Ice particle formation and sedimentation in the tropopause region: A case study based on in situ measurements of total water during POLSTAR 1997 (1999)

During the Polar Stratospheric Aerosol Experiment, total water was measured using an airborne Lyman‐α fluorescence hygrometer. The inlet is designed for anisokinetic sampling, thus large ice particles are detected sensitively. During the flight on January 24, 1997, temperatures of 200 K occurred close to the tropopause. Within this cold area, the existence of large particles with radii ≥ 4 µm containing large amounts of water is observed. At the edge of this cloud, total water mixing ratios of 5–6 ppmv and close to saturation were measured at and below the tropopause. This observation together with analysis of the correlation of the H 2 O mixing ratio with other long‐lived tracers indicates that the air masses had been dried by sedimentation of large ice particles.
Computationally efficient optimal power management for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on spatial-domain two-scale dynamic programming (2008)

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), utilizing more battery power, has become a next-generation HEV with great promise of higher fuel economy. Global optimization charge-depletion power management would be desirable. This has so far been hampered due to the a priori nature of the trip information and the almost prohibitive computational cost of global optimization techniques such as dynamic programming (DP). We have recently developed a two-scale dynamic programming approach as a nearly globally optimized charge-depletion strategy for the PHEV power management, through the combination with the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The trip models are obtained via GPS, GIS, real-time and historical traffic flow data and advanced traffic flow modeling. A computationally efficient algorithm is proposed in this paper to enhance the previously developed two-scale DP framework so that the computational efficiency meets the need of on-board implementation. The electric-vehicle mode is reinforced for predicted traffic stops. For the remainder of the trip, the route is divided into a number of segments of certain length. For each segment, the fuel consumption and SOC change are calculated in advance according to different level of power splitting ratio, speed and acceleration/deceleration. The optimization can then be solved in spatial domain, with much less dimension than that in time domain. Simulation study showed significant reduction of computational time with minor loss of fuel economy performance.
Structure–activity relationships of de novo designed cyclic antimicrobial peptides based on gramicidin S (2003)

The cyclic beta-sheet structure possessed by the 10-residue antibiotic peptide gramicidin S was taken as the structural framework for the de novo design of biologically active peptides with membrane-active properties. We have shown from previous studies that gramicidin S is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, but is toxic to human red blood cells. We tested the effect of ring size on antimicrobial activity and hemolytic activity on peptides varying from 4 to 16 residues. Interestingly, we were able to dissociate hemolytic activity and antimicrobial activity by increasing the ring size of the peptide to 14 residues (peptide GS14). Furthermore, we increased specificity for microbial membranes while decreasing toxicity to red blood cells by substituting enantiomers (D-amino acids for L-amino acids and vice versa) into the GS14 sequence. The enantiomeric substitutions all disrupted beta-sheet structure in benign medium and decreased peptide amphipathicity. The least amphipathic peptide, produced by substituting a D-Lys at position 4 of GS14 (peptide GS14K4), also had the highest therapeutic index, i.e., highest degree of specificity for microbial cells over human cells. Solution structures of GS14 analogs solved by NMR spectroscopy showed that the D-amino acid side chain was located on the nonpolar face of GS14K4. Another analog, a beta-sheet peptide with reduced amphipathicity (peptide GS14 K3L4), also had a lysine (lysine 3) on the nonpolar face as determined by the NMR structure. Both GS14K4 and GS14 K3L4 had reduced amphipathicity relative to GS14 and much higher therapeutic indices. Finally, the alteration of the nonpolar face hydrophobicity of GS14K4 analogs provided a range of activities and specificities, where the peptides with the intermediate hydrophobicities among the series had the highest therapeutic indices. The optimal peptide hydrophobicities varied depending on the microorganism being tested, with higher hydrophobicity requirements against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast compared with Gram-negative microorganisms. The net result of these studies suggests that it is possible to rationally design a cyclic membrane-active antimicrobial peptide with high specificity towards prokaryotic (bacterial and fungal) membranes and minimal toxicity to eukaryotic (e.g., mammalian) membranes.
[Tissue regeneration processes in the bovine mammary gland]. (1996)

Tissue regeneration within the udder after mastitis is part of the healing process and may lead to restoration of the affected quarter. These in most cases multiple processes differ considerably in shape and size according to the duration and the type of the disease. They are distinct from the more uniform regenerative processes within the lobuli of the gland during colostrogenesis of the dry period.
Conical Fresnel zone lens for optical trapping (2015)

The phase of a negative axicon is combined with that of a Fresnel zone lens (FZL) to obtain an element labelled as conical FZL, which can generate a focused ring pattern at the focal plane of the FZL. The phase integration is achieved by modifying the location and width of zones of FZL in accordance with the phase variation of the negative axicon. The element was designed for a high power laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, focal length and diameter of conical FZL of 30 mm and 8 mm respectively and for a ring diameter of 50 μm. The element was fabricated using photolithography. The pattern was transferred from the resist layer to the borosilicate glass plates by dry etching to achieve an etch depth of 1064 nm. The etch depth measured using confocal microscope was 1034 nm at the central part and 930 nm for the outermost part of the device with a maximum error of 12.5% at the outermost part and 3% at the central part. The element was used in an optical trapping experiment. The ring pattern generated by the conical FZL was reimaged into the trapping plane using a tightly focusing microscopic objective. Polystyrene beads with diameters of 3 μm were suspended in deionized distilled water at the trapping plane. The element was found to trap multiple particles in to the same trap.
A tunable power amplifier employing digitally controlled accumulation-mode varactor array for 2.4-GHz short-range wireless communication (2016)

The most popular tunable capacitor topologies in CMOS are the analog varactor and digitally controlled switched capacitor array (SCA). The conventional analog varactor shows a high quality factor (g-factor) in both the minimum capacitance (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ) and the maximum capacitance (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) states with a wide tuning range, but it has a poor linearity performance due to the voltage dependent nonlinear capacitance. In case of the digitally controlled switched capacitor array, while it shows a very good linearity, its g-factor in C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> state is strongly dependent on the substrate loss by the parasitic junction capacitances between p-well, deep n-well, and p-substrate and the substrate resistance. To overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the analog varactor and the switched capacitor array, the digitally controlled binary-weighted accumulation-mode varactor array (AVA) is proposed. In the simulation, at 2.4 GHz frequency band, the proposed tunable capacitor shows a g-factor of greater than 60 over all states and a tuning range of 3. The inverter-based push-pull power amplifier (PA) with the tunable matching network (TMN) employing the proposed tunable capacitor extends the impedance coverage maintaining the output power of greater than 0 dBm under the worst case for antenna impedance mismatch.
"Sweet Silicones": Biocatalytic Reactions to Form Organosilicon Carbohydrate Macromers (2005)

An enzymatic route for the synthesis of organosilicon carbohydrates was discovered and reduced to practice. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme® 435) catalyzed the formation of regioselective ester bonds between carboxylic acid-endblocked organosilicones and a C1-O-alkylated sugar under mild reaction conditions (i.e. low temperature, neutral pH, solventless). Specifically, the acid-endblocked organosilicones reacted with the primary hydroxyl group at the C6 position of α,β-ethyl glucoside during the regioselective esterification in a one-step reaction without performing any protection-deprotection steps. It was observed that the lipase-catalyzed reactions did not require activation of the acid groups. In comparison to organic materials, the hydrophobic organosilicon molecules were acceptable substrates. Given the ability to perform selective reactions and maintain the integrity of the siloxane bonds, lipases appear to be useful catalysts in the efficient synthesis of structurally defined organosilicon carbohydrate bioconjugates.
Creating Virtual Spatial Audio Via Scientific Computing and Computer Vision (2000)

Author(s): Duraiswami, R.; Duda, Richard O; Algazi, Ralph; Davis, L.; Gumerov, A.; Liu, Q-H; Shamma, S.; Elman, H.; Chellappa, R.; Aloimonos, Y.; Raveendra, S. T.