gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole‐volume clustering of time series data from zebrafish brain calcium images via mixture modeling (2017)

Calcium is a ubiquitous messenger in neural signaling events. An increasing number of techniques are enabling visualization of neurological activity in animal models via luminescent proteins that bind to calcium ions. These techniques generate large volumes of spatially correlated time series. A model-based functional data analysis methodology via Gaussian mixtures is suggested for the clustering of data from such visualizations is proposed. The methodology is theoretically justified and a computationally efficient approach to estimation is suggested. An example analysis of a zebrafish imaging experiment is presented.
Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titania on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical capacitors (2022)

Abstract In practice, the capacitance from the electrochemical double layer formation on porous carbon‐based electrodes is still below preferred values, limiting their use in electrochemical capacitors. The current drive is to innovate ways that generate additional capacitance in the electrochemical double layer capacitive nature of carbon nanomaterials towards both a high specific energy density ( E s ) and power density ( P s ). Herein we report the use of metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to coat multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with anatase titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) to induce pseudocapacitive charge storage characteristics on a carbon‐based electrode. The study shows that MWCNTs were coated in bundles, and targeted TiO 2 loadings were successfully attained, though the TiO 2 agglomerates also increased with TiO 2 wt.%. The 10 wt.% TiO 2 TiO 2 ‐MWCNT material displayed the best capacitive behavior with associated specific discharge capacitance ( C d ), E s , and P s values of 907 F kg −1 , 55.56 Wh kg −1, and 2.78 W kg −1 at 0.1 A g −1 , respectively, due to the synergistic effect of the two components of the composite. Additionally, the integral capacitance ( C s ) of the 20 wt.% TiO 2 material was enhanced more than 5000‐fold relative to that of the 5 wt.% TiO 2 TiO 2 ‐MWCNT composite at higher scan speeds of 100 and 200 mV s −1 . Electrochemical measurements further demonstrated the possible positive tuning of capacitive characteristics (charge/discharge rates, C d and C s ) with TiO 2 wt.% control. The MOCVD synthesis method imparted the TiO 2 ‐MWCNT composites with suitable traits that showed high potential in improving physicochemical processes favorable in electrical energy storage.
Learning-based optimization of cache content in a small cell base station (2014)

Optimal cache content placement in a wireless small cell base station (sBS) with limited backhaul capacity is studied. The sBS has a large cache memory and provides content-level selective offloading by delivering high data rate contents to users in its coverage area. The goal of the sBS content controller (CC) is to store the most popular contents in the sBS cache memory such that the maximum amount of data can be fetched directly form the sBS, not relying on the limited backhaul resources during peak traffic periods. If the popularity profile is known in advance, the problem reduces to a knapsack problem. However, it is assumed in this work that, the popularity profile of the files is not known by the CC, and it can only observe the instantaneous demand for the cached content. Hence, the cache content placement is optimised based on the demand history. By refreshing the cache content at regular time intervals, the CC tries to learn the popularity profile, while exploiting the limited cache capacity in the best way possible. Three algorithms are studied for this cache content placement problem, leading to different exploitation-exploration trade-offs. We provide extensive numerical simulations in order to study the time-evolution of these algorithms, and the impact of the system parameters, such as the number of files, the number of users, the cache size, and the skewness of the popularity profile, on the performance. It is shown that the proposed algorithms quickly learn the popularity profile for a wide range of system parameters.
New Routine for Nuclear Medicine Technologists to Determine When to Add SPECT/CT to a Whole-Body Bone Scan (2014)

After participating in the training course developed in this project, the nuclear medicine technologists were able to decide whether a SPECT/CT study is needed. An implication of this result is that the effectiveness of the nuclear medicine department should be improved after our new routine is implemented. The successful outcome of this project may stimulate departments to take on similar quality-improvement projects in the future.
Speaker adaptation by modeling the speaker variation in a continuous speech recognition system (2002)

A method for unsupervised instantaneous speaker adaptation is presented and evaluated on a continuous speech recognition task in a man-machine dialogue system. The method is based on modeling of the systematic speaker variation. The variation is modeled by a low-dimensional speaker space and the classification of speech segments is conditioned by the position in the speaker space. Because the effect of the speaker space position on the classification is determined in an off-line training procedure using the speakers in a training database, complex systematic speaker variation can be modeled. Speaker adaptation is achieved only by the constraint that the position in the speaker space is constant over each utterance. Therefore, no separate adaptation session is needed and the adaptation is present from the first utterance. Consequently, for a user there is no noticeable difference between this system and a speaker-independent system. The speaker model and the phonetic classification are implemented in the ANN part of a hybrid ANN/HMM system. In experiments with a pilot system, word accuracy is improved for utterances longer than three words, and utterance level results are improved for utterances of all lengths.
[Lympho-epithelial carcinoma (malignant lympho-epithelial lesions) of the parotid gland. Description of a case with detection of EBV by in situ hybridization]. (2000)

The authors describe a case of malignant lymphoepithelial lesion (MLEL), commonly referred to as lymphoepithelial carcinoma of parotid gland, that is a very rare tumour. There is a relatively high incidence in Eskimos of Alaska and Greenland, but some cases are described in natives of south China. The immunophenotypic profile and histopathological aspect of this neoplasm are discussed, and the differential diagnosis in regard to other primitive or metastatic tumours of parotid is also considered. In our case a diffuse positivity of epithelial neoplastic cells for EBV genome was found using in situ hybridization. The possible role of EBV in the ethiopathogenesis of this rare lesion is herein discussed.
186 Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation as Rescue Therapy for Intractable Pain Following Failed Spinal Cord Stimulation (2022)

INTRODUCTION: Despite the demonstrated benefits of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in patient suffering from chronic pain, loss of efficacy continues to be the primary reason for explant. In order to restore relief in these failed patients, delivery of alternative electrical current can be considered to ‘salvage’ the therapy. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) is a neuromodulatory technique which acts on a different anatomic target, thereby yielding distinct mechanisms of action and should be considered for such salvage therapy. METHODS: This was multicenter retrospective chart review over years 2016-2020 of habituated SCS patients who were later salvaged with DRG-S. Primary endpoints were health related quality of life metrics. Data was gathered preop salvage DRG-S and compared to patients’ last follow-up. RESULTS: Fifty-five failed SCS patients were salvaged with DRG-S. The median age was 57 and the most common diagnoses were complex regional pain syndrome and failed back surgery syndrome. Failed waveforms included tonic (n = 27), high frequency (n = 9) and burst (n = 19). The majority of DRG-S leads were placed at bilateral T12 and S1. The mean follow up duration of salvage DRG-S was 27 months. All indices were significantly improved with salvage DRG-S. Numeric rating scale scores decreased from mean 8.7 to 3.8, with 80% of patients achieving at least one minimum clinically important difference ( = 30% improvement). Mean Oswestry disability index scores improved from 65 to 31, signifying an improvement from mostly crippled to moderate disability. EQ5D-5L improved from 0.402 to 0.732. Oral morphine equivalents declined from mean 62 to 38. CONCLUSION: These data strongly support DRG-S efficacy in the stable treatment of pain in patients who have previously failed to receive persistent benefit from dorsal column SCS. DRG-S therapy reduces pain and disability while improving quality of life.
Exploration of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy material system for application in spin transfer torque - random access memory (2012)

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) materials have unique advantages when used in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) which are the most critical part of spin-torque transfer random access memory devices (STT-RAMs) that are being researched intensively as future non-volatile memory technology. They have high magnetoresistance which improves their sensitivity. The STT-RAM has several advantages over competing technologies, for instance, low power consumption, non-volatility, ultra-fast read and write speed and high endurance. In personal computers, it can replace SRAM for high-speed applications, Flash for non-volatility, and PSRAM and DRAM for high-speed program execution. The main aim of this research is to identify and optimize the best perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) material system for application to STT-RAM technology. Preliminary search for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) materials for pinned layer for MTJs started with the exploration and optimization of crystalline alloys such as Co50Pd50 alloy, Mn50Al50 and amorphous alloys such as Tb21Fe72Co7 and are first presented in this work. Further optimization includes the study of Co/ [Pd/Pt]X multilayers (ML), and the development of perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF) utilizing these multilayers. Focused work on capping and seed layers to evaluate interfacial perpendicular anisotropy in free layers for pMTJs is then discussed. Optimization of the full perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) includes the CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB trilayer coupled to a pinned/pinning layer with perpendicular Co/[Pd/Pt]x SAF and a thin Ta seeded CoFeB free layer. Magnetometry, simulations, annealing studies, transport measurements and TEM analysis on these samples will then be presented. (Published By University of Alabama Libraries)
High-average-power femtosecond pulse generation in the blue using BiB_3O_6 (2004)

Efficient generation of tunable femtosecond pulses in the blue is reported in the nonlinear crystal BiB3O6. By use of fundamental pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser at 76 MHz, single-pass second-harmonic average powers of as much as 830 mW have been generated at 50% conversion efficiency, and a tunable range of 375-435 nm in the blue is demonstrated. Temporal measurements using cross correlation of the fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a 100-microm-thick beta-BaB2O4 crystal result in blue pulse durations of 220 fs for 130-fs fundamental pulses. Direct experimental comparison with beta-BaB2O4 confirms the superior performance BiB3O6 for second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses.
Responses of cultured cardiac myocytes to lysosomotropic compounds and methylated amino acids (1985)

Cardiac myocytes whose lysosomes had been pre-labelled with acridine orange were exposed to either L-amino acid methyl esters (L-leucine or methionine methyl ester) or to 'lysosomotropic' weak bases (chloroquine, methylamine, and NH4Cl) for 1 h. Both types of interventions dilated lysosomes equally and inhibited proteolysis to varying degrees. The weak bases produced no apparent alterations in the acridine orange staining, whereas the methylated amino acids induced a marked redistribution of the fluorescent dye from lysosomes into the myoplasm, suggesting that they may have provoked a change in lysosomal membrane permeability. A brief exposure to weak bases failed to enhance acid proteinase secretion into the culture medium but apparently inactivated cellular cathepsin B activity. In contrast, methylated amino acids induced no alterations in acid proteinase activity or the cellular distribution of the two proteolytic enzymes. Lastly, weak bases markedly elevated intralysosomal pH as measured with fluorescein dextran, while only modest rises were observed after amino acid methyl ester treatment. The present observations imply that amino acid methyl esters represent a new class of reagents with actions distinctly different from those of chloroquine and NH4Cl, and they may provide a unique and valuable means of studying secondary lysosomal function in cell culture.
Commentary (2014)

➤ Novel (i.e., quantitative and semiquantitative) cartilage imaging techniques can evaluate cartilage composition to augment information obtained from traditional magnetic resonance imaging sequences that detail morphology. ➤ A well-defined role for drugs leading to chondroprotection has not yet been determined. ➤ Shortcomings of bone marrow stimulation include limited production of hyaline repair tissue, unpredictable repair cartilage volume, and a negative impact on later cellular transplantation if required. ➤ The role of biological augments, such as cellular concentrates or platelet-rich plasma, remains undefined. When their use is reported in the literature, it is important that their process of production and characterization be detailed. ➤ Rehabilitation programs, incorporating controlled exercise and progressive partial weight-bearing, are an important part of cartilage repair surgery and should be detailed in reports on operative techniques applied. ➤ Malalignment, meniscal injury, and ligament deficiency should be corrected in a staged or concomitant fashion to reduce the overall likelihood of mechanical failure in cartilage repair surgery.
A Study of the Antibacterial Effect of Euphorbia hirta L. Bud Extracts against Escherichia coli (2016)

Methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and Aqueous extracts of buds of Euphorbia hirta L. have been evaluated for antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli. Antibacterial effect examined by disc diffusion method. Maximum in vitro inhibition was scored in methanol or aqueous extracts of bud of Euphorbia hirta L. which showed inhibition diameter of 20 mm against Escherichia coli, followed by dimethyl sulfoxide extract of the same plant leaf with inhibition diameter of 15 mm. Moderate inhibition of E. coli was found in ethanol extract of Euphorbia hirta with inhibition diameter of 13 mm. Bud extract of Euphorbia hirta possess antibacterial particles soluble in different solvent that could regulate growth and multiplication of tested bacterial species. Keywords: Euphorbia hirta L. , antibacterial activity, solvents, bud extracts, Escherichia coli Cite this Article Indu Kumari. A Study of the Antibacterial Effect of Euphorbia hirta L. Bud Extracts against Escherichia coli . Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology . 2016; 6(3): 6–9p.
Uracil-DNA glycosylase–DNA substrate and product structures: Conformational strain promotes catalytic efficiency by coupled stereoelectronic effects (2000)

Enzymatic transformations of macromolecular substrates such as DNA repair enzyme/DNA transformations are commonly interpreted primarily by active-site functional-group chemistry that ignores their extensive interfaces. Yet human uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), an archetypical enzyme that initiates DNA base-excision repair, efficiently excises the damaged base uracil resulting from cytosine deamination even when active-site functional groups are deleted by mutagenesis. The 1.8-A resolution substrate analogue and 2.0-A resolution cleaved product cocrystal structures of UDG bound to double-stranded DNA suggest enzyme-DNA substrate-binding energy from the macromolecular interface is funneled into catalytic power at the active site. The architecturally stabilized closing of UDG enforces distortions of the uracil and deoxyribose in the flipped-out nucleotide substrate that are relieved by glycosylic bond cleavage in the product complex. This experimentally defined substrate stereochemistry implies the enzyme alters the orientation of three orthogonal electron orbitals to favor electron transpositions for glycosylic bond cleavage. By revealing the coupling of this anomeric effect to a delocalization of the glycosylic bond electrons into the uracil aromatic system, this structurally implicated mechanism resolves apparent paradoxes concerning the transpositions of electrons among orthogonal orbitals and the retention of catalytic efficiency despite mutational removal of active-site functional groups. These UDG/DNA structures and their implied dissociative excision chemistry suggest biology favors a chemistry for base-excision repair initiation that optimizes pathway coordination by product binding to avoid the release of cytotoxic and mutagenic intermediates. Similar excision chemistry may apply to other biological reaction pathways requiring the coordination of complex multistep chemical transformations.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Railway Communications: A survey (2023)

The number of train passengers and the demand for high data rates to handle new technologies such as video streaming and IoT technologies are continuously increasing. Therefore the exploration of millimeter waves (mmWave) band is a key technology to meet this demand. However, the high penetration loss makes mmWave very sensitive to blocking, limiting its coverage area. One promising, efficient, and low-cost solution is the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). This paper reviews the state of the art of RIS for railway communications in the mmWave context. First, we present the different types of RIS and review some optimization algorithms used in the literature to find the RIS phase shift. Then, we review recent works on RIS in the railway domain and provide future directions.
Suppression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids derived from cell lines expressing different activated ras oncogenes. (1989)

Four different human tissue-derived cell lines, each previously shown to express either a Ha-, Ki-, or N-ras-activated oncogene, were fused in four different paired combinations. The three combinations that involved the tumor line HT1080 (activated N-ras oncogene) were found to be tumorigenic in nude mice, but to different degrees. However, the fusion of the tumor lines EJ and SW480 (activated Ha-ras and Ki-ras, respectively) resulted in hybrid cells suppressed for tumorigenicity. The EJ x SW480 hybrids were found to harbor and express both of the activated ras oncogenes. The results suggest that tumorigenic suppression can occur in the presence of two transforming oncogenes of the ras family and that tumorigenicity associated with ras oncogene activation involves additional mechanisms that may differ among tumor cells.
Differentation by preparative continuous free flowisoelectric focusing of cyclosporin A inhibitable peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase of human erythrocytes (1994)

Preparative continuous free flow-isoelectric focusing has been used to separate at least three different components of intrinsic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity from erythrocytes lysate. By adding chemical spacer molecules like glycine and Bicine to commercial carrier ampholyte mixtures the resulting pH profile was predictably influenced. With an applied field strength of 125-170 V/cm a residence time of less than 15 min was sufficient for the separation of PPIases with isoelectric points of 5.4, 5.7 and 5.9 from the bulky hemoglobin. The recovery of the overall PPIase activities was about 100%. The purification factor has been determined as 20- to 100-fold. For each isoform of the enzyme the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity of the separated proteins was inhibited by cyclosporin A but was resistant toward FK 506.
An introduction to the vector potential (2004)

We present a review and discussion of the physical meaning of the vector potential in electromagnetism by means of a classical experiment in which a long solenoid, connected to a sinusoidal voltage supply, produces an electric field and a vector potential in a circuit exterior to the solenoid itself. Some basic considerations are recalled concerning the meaning of action-at-a-distance and local description, in terms of 'real fields' of the induced electromotive force on the circuit outside the solenoid. From this viewpoint the roles played by the magnetic field, the electric field and the vector potential to account for the physical effects are reviewed. Finally, the connections between these considerations and the magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effect are recalled in the light of recent theoretical work aimed at explaining the Aharonov–Bohm phase shift in terms of the magnetic field without resorting to the vector potential.
Enhancing the Detectability of Subtle Changes in Multispectral Imagery Through Real-time Change Magnification (2015)

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
Design variables for optimizing adaptive metacomposite made of shunted piezoelectric patches distribution (2014)

A two-dimensional array of a piezoelectric transducer shunted on a negative capacitance circuit is designed and applied to achieve broadband vibration reduction of a flexible plate over tunable frequency bands. Each surface-bonded patch is connected to a single independent negative capacitance synthetic circuit. A finite-element-based design methodology is used to predict and optimize the attenuation properties of the smart structure. The predictions are then experimentally validated by measuring the harmonic response of the plate and evaluating some derived quantity such as the loss factor and the kinetic energy ratio. The validated model is finally used to explore different configurations with the aim of defining some useful design criteria. The results obtained clearly show how the proposed strategy represents a robust and effective solution for the control of vibrations in complex structures.