gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Coded Aperture Neutron Imaging. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Software exploitation of a fault-tolerant computer with a large memory (2002)

The DM/6000 hardware (a prototype, fault-tolerant RS/6000 built at the T.J. Watson Research Center) provides fault tolerance and a large, nonvolatile main memory. Running a commercial, general-purpose operating system on it, of itself, does nothing to increase software availability. In fact, the time to rebuild the contents of a large memory may decrease availability. We describe our techniques for hiding most of the main memory, which requires the operating system to access it only by way of services separate from the operating system. This can allow the memory and those access services to achieve much higher availability, which, in turn, increases the availability of the system as a whole. We also performed simulation studies to determine those conditions where this system organization can lead to improved performance for recoverable database applications.
Involvement of Peripheral Adenosine A2 Receptors in Adenosine A1 Receptor-Mediated Recovery of Respiratory Motor Function After Upper Cervical Spinal Cord Hemisection (2006)

Our results suggest that adenosine A2 receptors located in the carotid bodies can enhance the magnitude of adenosine A1 receptor-mediated recovery of respiratory function after C2 hemisection. We conclude that a novel approach of targeting peripheral and central adenosine receptors can be therapeutically beneficial in alleviating compromised respiratory function after cervical spinal cord injury.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine in Methanol: A Simple Selective Method for the Cleavage of p‐ Methoxybenzyl Ethers. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
D6.1, A Murine Antimelanoma Monoclonal Antibody from Congenitally Athymic Nude Mice Immunized with Purified Melanoma Tumorassociated Antigen (1984)

An IgM monoclonal antibody, D6.1, has been obtained by fusion of P3 X 63Ag8.653 with spleen cells from congenitally athymic nu/nu mice immunized with partially purified human melanoma TAA bound to insolubilized lens culinaris lectin. The D6.1-defined antigen is present on the cell membrane of melanoma cells maintained in tissue culture but is not detected in spent culture media. Eighteen of twenty-three melanoma cell lines tested were found to react with D6.1, in contrast to only 17% of nonmelanoma tumor cell lines. Among those reactive nonmelanoma tumor lines were 3/3 colon adenocarcinomas tested. Melanoma cells, in general, express greater quantities of this antigen than do reactive nonmelanomas. Similar data were obtained using immunoperoxidase techniques on frozen sections of fresh tumor. All melanomas tested (8/8) stained intensely, although there was tumor cell heterogeneity. D6.1 reacted, but generally less intensely, with 42% (18/42) of the nonmelanoma tumors tested, including 7/8 colon carcinomas, but with smaller percentages of all other tumor types. D6.1 lightly stained normal stroma in many tissues and reacted strongly with macrophages but not with epithelial tissues. By HPLC filtration, the D6.1-defined TAA from detergent-solubilized melanoma cell membranes was determined to have an apparent molecular weight of 150,000 to 280,000 daltons. D6.1 does not precipitate TAA from exogenously (125I) or endogenously (35S-methionine, 33H-leucine, 33H-glucosamine) labeled melanoma cells.
Locally-Constrained Region-Based Methods for DW-MRI Segmentation (2007)

In this paper, we describe a method for segmenting fiber bundles from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images using a locally-constrained region based approach. From a pre-computed optimal path, the algorithm propagates outward capturing only those voxels which are locally connected to the fiber bundle. Rather than attempting to find large numbers of open curves or single fibers, which individually have questionable meaning, this method segments the full fiber bundle region. The strengths of this approach include its ease-of-use, computational speed, and applicability to a wide range of fiber bundles. In this work, we show results for segmenting the cingulum bundle. Finally, we explain how this approach and extensions thereto overcome a major problem that typical region-based flows experience when attempting to segment neural fiber bundles.
Avances en la fabricación de células y módulos fotovoltaicos de silicio en capa fina mediante láser (2008)

El laser es un instrumento omnipresente en la fabricacion de modulos fotovoltaicos. Los laser estandar para la interconexion monolitica de dispositivos de lamina delgada de a-Si son laser de estado solido bombeados por diodo (DPSS) emitiendo en longitudes IR (λ=1064 nm) y en VIS (λ=532 nm). En este trabajo mostramos estudios de ablacion de algunos materiales fotovoltaicos (oxidos conductores transparentes (OCT) y a-Si) con laser emitiendo en UV en el regimen de nanosegundos (ns). La afeccion termica resultante en la ablacion es menor, y por tanto se reduciria el riesgo de cortocircuitos en la interconexion monolitica, convirtiendo a las fuentes laser UV como herramientas prometedoras como alternativa a las fuentes estandar.
Laser is an essential tool for photovoltaic modules manufacturing. Nowadays DPSS working at IR (	λ=1064 nm) and VIS (λ=532 nm) wavelengths are standard tools for thin film module fabrication. In this work we present ablation studies of some photovoltaic materials (transparent conductive oxides (TCO) and a-Si) using nanoseconds (ns) laser sources emitting in the UV. The thermal affection is minimized, and therefore it would be reduced the short-circuit formation risk in the monolithic interconnection, demonstrating the potential use of ns laser sources emitting in the UV as promising alternative tools to the standard laser sources.
Ultra‐late recurrence (15 years or longer) of cutaneous melanoma (1997)

BACKGROUND Melanoma can remain clinically quiescent for decades before regional or distant recurrence appears. This protracted disease free interval challenges the concept of a "cure" for melanoma. METHODS To understand this prolonged dormancy better, the authors retrospectively studied patients who developed recurrent melanoma 15 years or longer after their initial diagnosis ("ultra-late" recurrence). These cases were identified from 2766 melanoma diagnoses available in the Cancer Registry at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Histologic features of the primary lesion were also included when possible. RESULTS Twenty cases were retrieved from the MGH database. There were equal numbers of women and men, although women were younger at the time of initial diagnosis (mean age of women: 29.8 years vs. 43.0 years for men). No patients had more than one primary cutaneous melanoma. The trunk was the most common primary site (35%), although there was no predominant anatomic localization. The average disease free interval was 17.3 years for women, 20.0 years for men, 18.1 years for patients with regional recurrence, and 19.0 years for patients with distant metastases. Distant recurrence was the most common type of recurrence (50% of women and 60% of men). The estimated probability of survival (5 years after recurrence) was 0.8 for regional disease and 0.2 for distant disease. With the available histologic records, it appears that almost all tumors were Clark Level III or IV with thicknesses ranging from 0.8-2.3 mm. In contrast to the published cases, this study did not find that women with lower extremity melanomas were at higher risk for developing ultra-late recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-late recurrence of melanoma, although uncommon, can occur in any patient without identifiable risk factors. Because many prognostically favorable melanomas (thin melanomas on extremities) can recur after prolonged disease free intervals, the possibility of delayed recurrence remains and must be kept in mind. Cancer 1997; 79:2361-70. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Networks of queues (1976)

The behaviour in equilibrium of networks of queues is studied. Equilibrium distributions are obtained and in certain cases it is shown that the state of an individual queue is independent of the state of the rest of the network. The processes considered in this paper are irreversible; however, the method used to establish equilibrium distributions is one which has previously only been used when dealing with reversible processes. Results are obtained for models of communication networks, machine interference and birth-illness-death processes.
Outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients including node-positive disease. (2015)

370 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival benefit and the concept of systemic therapy followed by local consolidation may also lead to favorable long-term outcomes for those with lymph node (LN) metastases at presentation. Our goal was to examine the outcome of preoperative chemotherapy in patients (pts) with and without clinical evidence of LN metastases. Methods: After informed consent, patients were enrolled in a prospective database prior to radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection for bladder cancer between December 2001 to February 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Our cohort included 63 patients receiving pre-operative chemotherapy with a median age 68 (range 38-91), 46 (72%) were male, and 17 (27%) had gross metastatic disease to lymph nodes (LNs). 13 pts received MVAC (20%), 44 gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) (69%), 1 gemcitabine and carboplatin, 1 received ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin and 4 pts had unknown neoadjuvant chemo outside of the institution. Most patients with LN positive (71%) disease received GC preoperative regimens. The median and the modal number of cycles were 4 (range 1-6). 44 patients underwent robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) (69%), 19 underwent open radical cystectomy (30%), and another pt. had RARC converted to an open procedure. Overall, 20 (31%) patients achieved pathologic complete response (pCR). Four pts (24%) with initial metastatic disease achieved pCR after preoperative chemotherapy. Overall pCR rates were similar between MVAC (38%) and GC (33%). All LN positive patients who achieved pCR had received gemcitabine-cisplatin preoperatively and underwent RARC. Recurrence-free and overall-survival data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with a significant pCR rate in all bladder cancer patients including LN positive patients.
Extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (2005)

Extrapleural pneumonectomy was introduced in the 1940s for the treatment of extensive infections of the lung and pleural space. Over the past 20 years, the extrapleural pneumonectomy technique has been modified and applied to the treatment of locally advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma, achieving substantial reductions in mortality. The current mortality rate of 3.4% at the Brigham and Women's Hospital has permitted us to expand our use of this operation to treat locally advanced lung cancer and thymoma. The extrapleural pneumonectomy technique consists of five basic steps: (1) Incision and exposure of the parietal pleura: (2) Dissection of the tumor and parietal pleura from the chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum: (3) Division and control of the pulmonary vessels and bronchus followed by lymph node dissection: (4) En bloc resection of the lung, pleura, pericardium, and diaphragm; (5) Reconstruction of the diaphragm and pericardium. Extrapleural pneumonectomy is a complex and challenging operation. Accompanied by a 60% minor and major complication rate, it requires a unique management approach to achieve 3.4% mortality. Primary contributing factors to the reduction in mortality include a reduced operative time of 3 h, refinements in operative technique, and improved selection of patients. The technique discussed below is the culmination of 20 years' experience with malignant pleural mesothelioma at the Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA.
611. Arylamides of halogenated methane- and ethane-sulphonic acids (1960)

W. V. Farrar, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 3058 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600003058
Improved Lung Nodule Visualization On Chest Radiographs Using Digital Filtering And Contrast Enhancement (2011)

Early detection of lung cancer through chest radiography is a widely used method due to its relatively affordable cost. In this paper, an approach to improve lung nodule visualization on chest radiographs is presented. The approach makes use of linear phase high-frequency emphasis filter for digital filtering and histogram equalization for contrast enhancement to achieve improvements. Results obtained indicate that a filtered image can reveal sharper edges and provide more details. Also, contrast enhancement offers a way to further enhance the global (or local) visualization by equalizing the histogram of the pixel values within the whole image (or a region of interest). The work aims to improve lung nodule visualization of chest radiographs to aid detection of lung cancer which is currently the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.
SAPS: Software Defined Network Aware Pub/Sub -- A Design of the Hybrid Architecture Utilizing Distributed and Centralized Multicast (2015)

Pub/Sub communication model becomes a basis of various applications, e.g. IoT/M2M, SNS. These application domains require new properties of the Pub/Sub infrastructure, for example, supporting a large number of devices with widely distributed manner, handling emergency messaging with priority control and so on. In order to meet the demands, we proposed Software Defined Network Aware Pub/Sub (SAPS) which utilize the both Application Layer Multicast (ALM) and SDN, especially Open Flow based multicast (OFM). A simulation was done for evaluating the hybrid architecture in traffic and transmission delay reduction, and then the issues to be solved in the current design were discussed.
Ventilation artificielle et protection pulmonaire (2014)

Une ventilation artificielle avec un volume courant excessif génère dans le poumon une tension et une contrainte élevées, susceptibles d’engendrer des lésions. La situation de l’SDRA, dans laquelle le volume pulmonaire disponible est fortement réduit (baby lung), a permis de bien comprendre ces mécanismes lésionnels.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Sex and Estrogen Receptor β Effects in the Pressure Overloaded Heart (2014)

In pressure overload (PO), sex differences in humans and rodents have been well documented and estrogen receptor (ER) β is considered cardioprotective. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate sex- and ERβ-specific effects in protein abundance in PO employing a 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. We hypothesized major sex differences and ERβ-specific alterations consistent with cardioprotection in females. Two-month old male and female wild-type (WT) and ERβ knockout (BERKO) mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 9 weeks (n = 4/group). In WT mice, hypertrophy was significantly more pronounced in males than females, while this sex difference was abolished in BERKO mice. We found 82 protein spots modulated between TAC and sham in WT males, 31 in WT females, 114 in BERKO males, and 87 in BERKO females (P ≤ 0.05). Our analysis revealed in WT and BERKO females an altered pattern of various proteins involved in structure and suggests a link between female sex and cytoskeletal integrity. In males, a set of proteins was identified that associate with mitochondrial bioenergetics and energy supply. We confirmed protein regulation by immunoblotting analysis. In conclusion, the proteomic response of the heart to PO is significantly modulated by ERβ and sex. We put forward that the observed differences may identify sex-specific targets for the treatment of heart failure, contributing toward more personalized medical care.
Potentials of Sodom apple (Calotropis procera) extract as a coagulant to substitute Alum in soy cheese production in Ghana (2015)

A B ST R A C T This study was conducted to determine the potentials of Sodom apple ( Calotropis procera ) extract as a sole coagulant of soymilk during soy cheese production. Four alum concentrations were prepared and used as control treatments: A5 (0.5 % conc.), A10 (1.0 % conc.), A15 (1.5 % conc.) and A20 (2.0 % conc.). Four strengths of Calotropis procera extracts (CPE) (C15, C20, C25 and C30) were obtained from 15 g, 20 g, 25 g and 30 g respectively of the fresh plant. Each of the concentrations of alum and CPE was used as a sole coagulating agent of soy milk and the effects on clotting time, product yield, whey volume and organoleptic properties of the curd were assessed. The average milk clotting time, curd yield, and whey volume were significantly (P 0.05) among the treatments. Generally, it was observed that the 25g CPE can be used to substitute for alum in soy curd formulation.
Research on nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds. XVIII. Synthesis of 9H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c]‐s‐triazolo[4,3‐a][1,4]benzodiazepine, a novel tetracyclic ring of pharmaceutical interest (1992)

Abstract Reaction of di‐4‐morpholinylphosphinic chloride on 5,10‐dihydro‐9 H ‐pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepin‐11‐one 9 afforded 11‐(di‐4‐morpholinylphosphinyloxy)‐5 H ‐pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ][1,4]benzodiazepine 10 . Displacement of di‐4‐morpholinylphosphinyloxy group of 10 by formylhydrazine with concomitant intramolecular cyclization led directly to 9 H ‐pyrrolo[2,1‐ c ]‐ s ‐triazolo[4,3‐ a ][1,4]benzodiazepine 7, a novel nitrogen heterocyclic ring of pharmaceutical interest. A new procedure for the synthesis of 9 is also described.
Isoflavones are safe compounds for therapeutical applications – Evaluation ofin vitrodata (2009)

Isoflavone-rich food and food supplements have gained increasing popularity also in the Western world. Their weak estrogenic effect has been considered as a potential risk, although all epidemiological studies and clinical trials show a significant cancer protection and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In vitro data suggest that the concerted action of the isoflavones and their metabolites show antiproliferative behaviour, reduce angiogenesis, reduce tumor progression and exert antiinflammatory effects. For the evaluation of the biological effects, special emphasis has to be put on the concerted action between the isoflavones and their metabolites. For instance, while isolated genistein shows some growth promoting effect at low concentrations, the metabolite equol or soy extract show growth retardation as well as higher concentrations of genistein do. The isoflavones have multiple affinities to other members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. The beneficial effect on metabolic diseases and weight reduction by isoflavone consumption can be partly explained by its affinity for the PPAR family. In light of the in vitro experiments, together with the epidemiological observations and the clinical experience, isoflavones can be considered as safe compounds and their consumption as food and food supplements has to be promoted.
Interlayer stacking disorder in zeolite beta family: a Raman spectroscopic study (2005)

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to series of BEA- and BEC-type samples differing from each other in size, Si/Al ratio and polymorph percentage in order to analyse the effect of interlayer stacking arrangements on the vibrational modes of zeolite beta. The Raman peaks observed in the spectral range 250-550 cm-1 were assigned to the rings building the basic (001)-layer and to those linking the adjacent layers in zeolite beta. It is shown that the intensity ratio rho between the Raman signals at 314 and 343 cm-1 is most sensitive to the degree of periodicity faults along the c direction. A larger value of rho indicates a larger size of polymorph stacking sequence, i.e. improvement of the stacking faultlessness. The interlayer stacking disorder and the degree of connectivity point defects are higher in nanosized zeolite beta than in micron-sized crystals. The Al content influences the concentration of defected SiOH groups, but is less important for the interlayer stacking sequences in colloidal zeolite beta.
APPLAUSE: Automatic Prediction of PLAcental health via U-net Segmentation and statistical Evaluation (2020)

Purpose Artificial-intelligence population-based automated quantification of placental maturation and health from a rapid functional Magnetic Resonance scan. The placenta plays a crucial role for any successful human pregnancy. Deviations from the normal dynamic maturation throughout gestation are closely linked to major pregnancy complications. Antenatal assessment in-vivo using T2* relaxometry has shown great promise to inform management and possible interventions but clinical translation is hampered by time consuming manual segmentation and analysis techniques based on comparison against normative curves over gestation. Methods This study proposes a fully automatic pipeline to predict the biological age and health of the placenta based on a rapid (sub-30 second) T2* scan in two steps: Automatic segmentation using a U-Net and a Gaussian Process regression model to characterize placental maturation and health. These are trained and evaluated on 110 3T MRI placental data sets including 20 high-risk pregnancies diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction. Results Automatic segmentation achieves comparable performance to human experts (mean DICE coefficients automatic-manual 0.76, Pearson Correlation Coefficient 0.986 for mean T2* within the masks). The placental health prediction achieves an excellent ability to differentiate early cases of placental in-sufficiency before 32 weeks. High abnormality scores correlate with low birth weight, premature birth and histopathological findings. Retrospective application on a different cohort imaged at 1.5T illustrates the ability for direct clinical translation. Conclusion The presented automatic pipeline facilitates a fast, robust and reliable prediction of placental maturation. It yields human-interpretable and verifiable intermediate results and quantifies uncertainties on the cohort-level and for individual predictions. The proposed machine-learning pipeline runs in close to real-time and, deployed in clinical settings, has the potential to become a cornerstone of diagnosis and intervention of placental insufficiency.