gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High robustness of cytosolic glutathione redox potential under combined salt and osmotic stress in barley as revealed by the biosensor Grx1-roGFP2 (2022)

Abstract Barley is a staple crop of major global importance and relatively resilient to a wide range of stress factors in the field. Transgenic reporter lines to investigate physiological parameters during stress treatments remain scarce. We generated and characterized stable homozygous barley lines (cv. Golden Promise Fast) expressing the genetically-encoded biosensor Grx1-roGFP2, which indicates the redox potential of the major antioxidant glutathione in the cytosol. Our results demonstrate functionality of the sensor in living barley plants. We determined the glutathione redox potential ( E GSH ) of the cytosol to be in the range of −308 to −320 mV. E GSH was robust against a combined NaCl (150 mM) and water deficit treatment (−0.8 MPa) that caused growth retardation and showed only a minor oxidation after 96 h of treatment. We conclude that the generated reporter lines are a novel resource to study stress resilience in barley. One sentence summary Generation and characterization of barley plants stably expressing Grx1-roGFP2 reveal high robustness of cytosolic glutathione redox potential ( E GSH ) under combined salt and osmotic stress.
Blockade of lymphocyte trafficking in inflammatory bowel diseases therapy: importance of specificity of endothelial target (2014)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing to continuously active inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, of potentially destructive nature. So far, the excessive and/or unbalanced immune response has been the target of the majority of the IBD treatments. Despite the increasing use of immunosuppressants and anti-TNF-α inhibitors, about 30% of patients with Crohn's disease and about one-tenth of patients with ulcerative colitis still require major abdominal surgery at 5-10 years. As a result, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The endothelium has a key role in the development of the inflammation, as it selectively governs the leukocyte trafficking and the influx of leukocytes into the intestinal mucosa. Drugs blocking such crossing, specifically at intestinal level, are going to be a new therapeutic option in IBD.
The impact of dopamine on insulin secretion in healthy controls (2018)

In this study, dopamine infusion did not adversely impact insulin secretion.
GDPR: Securing Personal Data in Compliance with new EU-Regulations (2017)

New privacy regulations bring new challenges to organizations that are handling and processing personal data regarding persons within the EU. These challenges come mainly in the form of policies and procedures but also with some opportunities to use technology often used in other sectors to solve problems. In this thesis, we look at the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU that comes into full effect in May of 2018, we analyze what some of the requirements of the regulation means for the industry of processing personal data, and we look at the possible solution of using hardware security modules (HSMs) to reach compliance with the regulation. We also conduct an empirical study using the Delphi method to ask security professionals what they think the most important aspects of securing personal data, and put that data in relation to the identified compliance requirements of the GDPR to see what organizations should focus on in their quest for compliance with the new regulation. We found that a successful implementation of HSMs based on industry standards and best practices address four of the 35 identified GDPR compliance requirements, mainly the aspects concerning compliance with anonymization through encryption, and access control. We also deduced that the most important aspect of securing personal data according to the experts of the Delphi study is access control followed by data inventory and classification.
Analysis of styrene oxide–globin adducts based upon reaction with Raney nickel (1990)

A new method has been developed for determination of styrene oxide-globin adducts. The technique takes advantage of the reaction between alkylated globin and Raney nickel, which cleaves the carbon-sulfur bond in the styrene oxide-cysteine adduct to form 1-phenylethanol (1-PE) and 2-phenylethanol (2-PE). These alcohols are then reacted with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride and analyzed by GC-ECD. The method appears useful for biological monitoring of individuals exposed to styrene and, potentially, to other chemicals or their electrophilic metabolites which can react with cysteine residues in available proteins. The detection limit of the method, which is 0.04 nmol adducts/sample, indicates that it should be possible to detect adducts in the blood of people who are occupationally exposed to at least 18 mg/m3 of styrene. Analysis of globin from human whole blood which had been modified with [14C]styrene oxide indicated that 6% of the total globin adducts were detected. The method was applied to human and rat blood which had been treated with styrene oxide in vitro and to blood from rats given a single i.p. dose of styrene in vivo. Results from these experiments indicate that 77 times more adducts were detected at a given dose from rat globin than from human globin and that only 0.015% of the styrene dose was bioavailable as styrene oxide in the blood of rats. The reaction with Raney nickel is conducted at 5 degrees C to minimize unfavorable side reactions, such as degradation of 1- and 2-PE and conversion of styrene glycol to 1- and 2-PE. The optimal amount of Raney nickel was found to be 5-6 g/g globin. Since the recovery of 1-PE was not reproducible, only 2-PE is used for quantitation.
Agenda-Setting Theory (2007)

Forty years ago in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the first agenda-setting study showed that the issue priorities of the news become the issue priorities of the public in the 1968 U.S. presidential campaign. Since then, the agenda-setting model has been replicated in more than 400 studies that include both election and non-election settings, covering a wide variety of issues, and extending beyond the U.S. to a broad range of countries in the five continents. This article examines the progress of this research to date, reviewing its principal variations, how now encompasses five different theoretical stages, and what are the possible new areas of application and development.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Diaza‐Cope Rearrangement Reaction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reframing the Protein Folding Problem: Entropy as Organizer (2021)

It has been a long-standing conviction that a protein's native fold is selected from a vast number of conformers by the optimal constellation of enthalpically favorable interactions. In marked contrast, this Perspective introduces a different mechanism, one that emphasizes conformational entropy as the principal organizer in protein folding while proposing that the conventional view is incomplete. This mechanism stems from the realization that hydrogen bond satisfaction is a thermodynamic necessity. In particular, a backbone hydrogen bond may add little to the stability of the native state, but a completely unsatisfied backbone hydrogen bond would be dramatically destabilizing, shifting the U(nfolded) ⇌ N(ative) equilibrium far to the left. If even a single backbone polar group is satisfied by solvent when unfolded but buried and unsatisfied when folded, that energy penalty alone, approximately +5 kcal/mol, would rival almost the entire free energy of protein stabilization, typically between -5 and -15 kcal/mol under physiological conditions. Consequently, upon folding, buried backbone polar groups must form hydrogen bonds, and they do so by assembling scaffolds of α-helices and/or strands of β-sheet, the only conformers in which, with rare exception, hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are exactly balanced. In addition, only a few thousand viable scaffold topologies are possible for a typical protein domain. This thermodynamic imperative winnows the folding population by culling conformers with unsatisfied hydrogen bonds, thereby reducing the entropy cost of folding. Importantly, conformational restrictions imposed by backbone···backbone hydrogen bonding in the scaffold are sequence-independent, enabling mutation─and thus evolution─without sacrificing the structure.
Promoting Power to a First Class Metric in Network Simulations (2010)

Accurate prediction of energy consumption early in the design process is essential to efficiently optimize algorithms and protocols.However, despite energy efficiency gathering significant attention in networking research, limited effort has been invested in providing requisite evaluation tools and models.Hence, developers demand powerful evaluation tools to assist them in comparing new communication paradigms in terms of energy efficiency, and minimizing the energy requirements of algorithms.In this paper, we argue for promoting energy to a first class metric in network simulations.We explore the challenges involved in modelling energy in network simulations and present a detailed analysis of different modelling techniques.Finally, we discuss their applicability in high-level network simulations.
Imaging of ocean subbottom structure using swath mapping data: Feasibility studies (1993)

With the aim of resolving small scale geologic features within upper 100 m of sediments, NRL-SSC has developed a high-resolution swath mapping device based on SeaMARC sidescan sonar technology but with additional parametric 500-Hz, 1-kHz, and 2-kHz source capability. Methods have been developed for modeling and imaging of such data in order to address the problem of image resolution. A modeling method that uses an elastic Kirchhoff–Helmholtz (KH) formulation rapidly calculates the arrival time, and amplitude of scattered signal. KH synthetics have been compared with elastic finite difference results. Synthetic phase data are computed by ray tracing for a given subsurface model. Also, a Kirchhoff migration code has been developed that uses both the travel time and angle for imaging conditions. The imaging method has been tested on synthetic data with various degree of random noise added so as to investigate how the signal-to-noise ratio affects the images. These methods will be applied to real data collected by NRL. Like any imaging method, we require an estimate of subsurface velocity. This is being done by using several different possible velocity models and comparing the imaging results. [Work supported by ONR.]
Evidence of distinct populations of hepatitis C virus in the liver and plasma of patients co‐infected with HIV and HCV (2014)

Viral diversity is an important predictor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment response and may influence viral pathogenesis. HIV influences HCV variability in the plasma; however, limited data on viral variability are available from distinct tissue/cell compartments in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV. Thus, this exploratory study evaluated diversity of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of HCV in the plasma and liver for 14 patients co-infected with HIV and HCV. Median intra-patient genetic distances and entropy values were similar in the plasma and liver compartments. Positive immune selection pressure was observed in the plasma for five individuals and in the liver for three individuals. Statistical evidence supporting viral compartmentalization was found in five individuals. Linear regression identified ALT (P = 0.0104) and AST (P = 0.0130) as predictors of viral compartmentalization. A total of 12 signature amino acids that distinguish liver from plasma E1/HVR1 were identified. One signature amino acid was shared by at least two individuals. These findings suggest that HCV compartmentalization is relatively common among patients co-infected with HIV and HCV. These data also imply that evaluating viral diversity, including drug resistance patterns, in the serum/plasma only may not adequately represent viruses replicating with in the liver and, thus, deserves careful consideration in future studies.
Combi-TED: A multicenter, phase II, open-label, randomized trial evaluating efficacy of OSE2021 plus docetaxel or OSE2021 plus nivolumab as second-line therapy in metastatic NSCLC progressing after first-line chemo-immunotherapy. (2022)

TPS9140 Background: First line combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improves overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, only few options are available at chemoimmunotherapy failure, with docetaxel representing the standard of care. Tedopi is a cancer vaccine which stimulates killer T cells, currently under development for the therapy of HLA-A2+ lung cancer. In the ATALANTE-1 Phase III trial (EudraCT no. 2015-003183-36), Tedopi provided clinical benefits in patients with advanced NSCLC who failed to respond to checkpoint inhibitors. Given the need for new therapeutic options in patients failing first-line chemo-immunotherapy and the encouraging preliminary data with Tedopi, there is a strong rationale for investigating the activity of Tedopi plus nivolumab or Tedopi plus docetaxel in patients with metastatic NSCLC failing standard first-line therapy. Methods: This is a phase II, non-comparative, randomized multicenter study assessing the combination of Tedopi with docetaxel or nivolumab in NSCLC patients failing after first-line chemoimmunotherapy (EudraCT no. 2020-005170-10). All NSCLC patient candidates for second-line therapy are considered eligible for the study if they are HLA-A2+, with no evidence of EGFR mutations or ALK/ROS1 rearrangement and if they progressed after at least 4 cycles of previous first-line chemo-immunotherapy. Patients are randomly assigned to Tedopi plus docetaxel, Tedopi plus nivolumab (treatment arms) or docetaxel monotherapy (standard arm). The primary endpoint is 1-year OS rate. Secondary endpoints include OS, 2-year OS rate, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. An explorative analysis of the correlation of efficacy with several tumor or blood biomarkers (PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, Tedopi neoantigen expression, T cell infiltration), is also performed. Sample size was calculated assuming a 1-year OS rate in the standard arm of 20%. According to the single-stage design, in both treatment arms a 1-year OS rate of 20% would imply that treatment does not warrant further investigation and a 1-year OS rate of 40%, would imply that treatment has a sufficient activity. With a one-sided significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, a total number of 105 patients (35 per treatment arm) need to be enrolled. At the drafting of this abstract, 7 patients have already been enrolled. Total follow-up will be 24 months from last enrolment, for an approximate duration of 48 months. Clinical trial information: NCT04884282.
Author's reply [to 'Comments on "Mop-up equalization of certain AM-PM distortion effects in FDM-FM transmission systems" '] (1976)

The original author notes that the Commentor (E. Henley) deserves full credit for first noticing the relationship between certain TH-1 distortion problems and secondorder sideband asymmetry. It is not apparent, however, that his IF equalizer bears any clear relationship to the equalizer discussed in my letter. Almost any adjustable IF equalizer can be made to favorably affect the noise in a particular noise slot, but in general it will not do so without adversely affecting other slots or other performance characteristics.
Photorefractive Polymers and Composites (1996)

Abstract Materials demonstrating a photorefractive effect are principal candidates for numerous applications, including high‐density optical data storage, optical image processing, phase conjugated mirrors and lasers, dynamic holography, optical computing, pattern recognition, etc. Considerable progress has been made in the research on photorefractive polymers and composite materials in the last few years. These materials have many advantages over inorganic photorefractive crystals, including large optical nonlinearities, low dielectric constants, low cost and ease of fabrication. A large number of materials, including those exhibiting an extremely large photorefractive effect, have been developed. In addition, a number of interesting phenomena particular to polymeric photorefractive materials have been reported and corresponding mechanisms have been proposed to account for these phenomena. Possible applications of these materials have been explored with the demonstration of a volume holographic storage device based on photorefractive polymers. This paper reviews the latest developments of the young and exciting field of polymeric photorefractive materials.
Cereal type and combined xylanase/glucanase supplementation influence the cecal microbiota composition in broilers (2022)

Dietary fiber-degrading enzyme supplementation in broilers aims at off-setting the anti-nutritive effect of non-starch polysaccharides and at promoting broiler health. Recently, we demonstrated that xylanase/glucanase addition in wheat-based diet improved nutrient digestibility, arabinoxylan fermentability and broiler growth. Conversely, maize arabinoxylan was found to be recalcitrant to xylanase action. These findings suggested that enzyme-mediated improvement of nutrient digestion and carbohydrate fermentation depended on the cereal type present in the diet, and may have contributed to broiler growth. Hence, we aimed at further investigating the link between dietary enzymes and carbohydrate fermentation in broilers, by studying the impact of enzyme supplementation in cereal-based diets, to the microbial communities in the ileum and ceca of broilers. For that purpose, 96 one-day-old male broilers were randomly reared in two pens and received either wheat-based or maize-based starter and grower diets. At d 20, the broilers were randomly assigned to one out of four dietary treatments. The broilers received for 8 d the wheat-based or maize-based finisher diet as such (Control treatments; WC, MC) or supplemented with a xylanase/glucanase combination (Enzyme treatments; WE, ME). At d 28, samples from the digestive tract were collected, and the ileal and cecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. A similar phylogenetic (alpha) diversity was observed among the four treatments, both in the ileal and the cecal samples. Furthermore, a similar microbial composition in the ileum (beta diversity) was observed, with lactobacilli being the predominant community for all treatments. In contrast, both cereal type and enzyme supplementation were found to influence cecal communities. The type of cereal (i.e., wheat or maize) explained 47% of the total variation in microbial composition in the ceca. Further stratifying the analysis per cereal type revealed differences in microbiota composition between WC and WE, but not between MC and ME. Furthermore, the prevalence of beneficial genera, such as Faecalibacterium and Blautia, in the ceca of broilers fed wheat-based diets coincided with arabinoxylan accumulation. These findings indicated that fermentable arabinoxylan and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides released by dietary xylanase may play an important role in bacterial metabolism.
Architectures et communications dans les réseaux spontanés sans-fil (2004)

Cette thèse aborde différentes problématiques liées aux réseaux ad hoc ainsi qu'aux réseaux de senseurs. Nous définissons d'abord la notion d'architecture ad hoc avant de décrire nos deux propositions d'architecture, Ana4 et Ana6. Ces architectures sont utilisées pour l'évaluation et l'optimisation du routage dans les réseaux hybrides sans-fil, union d'un réseau d'accès sans-fil et d'une connectivité ad hoc. Nous nous intéressons ensuite au multicast où, après avoir présenté des résultats de NP-complétude pour les problèmes du broadcast et du multicast ad hoc, nous introduisons notre proposition de routage DMZ utilisant des structures mêlant arborescence et maillage et reposant sur la notion, de zones denses. Finalement nous abordons la problématique de consommation d'énergie dans les réseaux de senseurs. En se basant sur un nouveau modèle analytique, nous dérivons des bornes supérieures et inférieurs pour les problèmes de couverture et de broadcast en énergie minimum.
Interfacial Microstructure of Al/a-SiC Films Prepared by rf Sputtering (1987)

In order to investigate the interfacial microstructure of Al/a-SiC and the interfacial reaction at the temperature range of 573-773 K, Al/a-SiC double layered and a-SiC/Al/a-SiC triple layered films prepared by rf planar magnetron sputtering were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reflection electron diffraction (RED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).RED and AES observations of as-deposited layered films found that some thin reaction layer might exist at the Al/a-SiC interface. This interfacial structure did not change with annealing below 573 K. When a-SiC/Al/a-SiC triple layered films were annealed above 673 K, silicon precipitates and Al4C3 layer were formed at the Al/a-SiC interface. The thicknesses of these reaction layers were relatively thin. It was confirmed from in-situ observations with TEM that these silicon precipitates were formed during the heating process up to 673 K, and also that Al4C3 was made durig annealing at 673-773 K.
A Review on Recent Technologies for the Manufacture of Pulmonary Drugs (2017)

This review discusses recent developments in the manufacture of inhalable dry powder formulations. Pulmonary drugs have distinct advantages compared with other drug administration routes. However, requirements of drugs properties complicate the manufacture. Control over crystallization to make particles with the desired properties in a single step is often infeasible, which calls for micronization techniques. Although spray drying produces particles in the desired size range, a stable solid state may not be attainable. Supercritical fluids may be used as a solvent or antisolvent, which significantly reduces solvent waste. Future directions include application areas such as biopharmaceuticals for dry powder inhalers and new processing strategies to improve the control over particle formation such as continuous manufacturing with in-line process analytical technologies.
Porphyrinoids: Highly Versatile, Redox‐Active Scaffolds for Supramolecular Design and Biomimetic Applications (2012)

Abstract Porphyrinoids are a growing class of oligopyrrole macrocycles that have structural and physical properties additional to those of the traditional tetrapyrrolic porphyrin macrocycles. In this chapter, after an initial description of how the porphyrins have been adapted for self‐assembly and supramolecular synthesis, we describe several aspects of porphyrinoid supramolecular systems, finally focusing on the use of an oxoporphyrinogen core as a scaffold for assembling complex oligochromophoric manifolds by using a combination of synthetic and coordination chemistries. An important feature of porphyrinoids is their increasing amenability to core functionalization, unlike the porphyrins in which peripheral derivatization has been the usual method for augmentation. Core functionalization introduces different molecular morphological possibilities for the porphyrinoids complementary to those available for the porphyrins. In fact, porphyrins and porphyrinoids can be agglomerated in supramolecular assemblies to exploit the functional and synthetic properties of both sets of compounds.