gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Content-Based Medical Image Transmission Against Randomly-Distributed Passive Eavesdroppers (2021)

In this paper, a content-aware medical image transmission scheme is investigated over a multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel in wireless healthcare systems. The multi-antenna-aided access point, as a source node, wishes to wirelessly send medical images of a patient to a trusted destination node, while multiple randomly-located totally passive and non-colluding eavesdroppers (Eves) try to wiretap the transmission. Considering the fact that not all regions of an image have the same importancy level from the security view-point, we first segment the image into two parts: the region of interest (RoI), which more likely contains important diagnostic information regarding the medical image— thus needs higher transmission reliability and confidentiality requirements; and the background (BG) of the image. Toward this end, by observing the legitimate link’s quality at each slot, we control the intercept probability (IP) at distributed Eves to be less than a desired threshold when transmitting RoI packets of image. In addition, with the aim of reinforcing system’s security, a fountain-based packet delivery is also adopted, where at each transmission slot, image packets are first encoded into fountain-like packets prior to being sent over the air. Considering the delay limits of a practical image transmission scheme, the secrecy will be achieved if the legitimate receiver obtains enough fountain packets before eavesdroppers. Simulation results conducted over a practical scenario of medical healthcare imaging illustrates that our proposed method can provide a reliable file delivery while maintaining image confidentiality and conforming to delay requirements of system.
Uber 2-Hydroxychinolin-1-oxyd. (1959)

Bei der Chlorierung von 2-Hydroxychinolin-1-oxyd mit Phosphoroxychlorid wurde 2, 4-Dichlorchinolin erhalten. 2-Hydroxychinolin-1-oxyd ergab beim Nitrieren mit Salpetersaure in Eisessig-Losung das 6, 8-Dinitroderivat. Das Acetyl-, Benzoyl-und Tosylderivate von 2-Hydroxychinolin-1-oxyd und seiner 6, 8-und 3, 6-Dinitroderivate wurden hergestellt. Ihre Konstitutionen wurden durch die IR-spektrographische Untersuchung als die 1-Acyloxycarbostyril-Derivate festgestellt. 1-Benzoyloxycarbostyril widersteht der Einwirkung von Benzoylnitrat, wahrend Carbostyril dabei 6-Nitroderivat ergibt. Die katalytische Reduktion des Tosylates von 2-Hydroxychinolin-1-oxyd mit Palladium-Kohle in Athanol-Losung ergab 3, 4-Dihydrocarbostyril.
Purification and High-Resolution Top-Down Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Human Salivary α-Amylase (2012)

Human salivary α-amylase (HSAMY) is a major component of salivary secretions, possessing multiple important biological functions. Here we have established three methods to purify HSAMY in human saliva for comprehensive characterization of HSAMY by high-resolution top-down mass spectrometry (MS). Among the three purification methods, the affinity method based on the enzyme-substrate specific interaction between amylase and glycogen is preferred, providing the highest purity HSAMY with high reproducibility. Subsequently, we employed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS to analyze the purified HSAMY. The predominant form of α-amylase purified from saliva of various races and genders is nonglycosylated with the same molecular weight of 55,881.2, which is 1885.8 lower than the calculated value based on the DNA-predicted sequence. High-resolution MS revealed the truncation of the first 15 N-terminal amino acids (-1858.96) and the subsequent formation of pyroglutamic acid at the new N-terminus Gln (-17.03). More importantly, five disulfide bonds in HSAMY were identified (-10.08) and effectively localized by tandem MS in conjunction with complete and partial reduction by tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine. Overall, this study demonstrates that top-down MS combined with affinity purification and partial reduction is a powerful method for rapid purification and complete characterization of large proteins with complex and overlapping disulfide bond patterns.
Molecules–Oligomers–Nanowires–Graphene Nanoribbons: A Bottom-Up Stepwise On-Surface Covalent Synthesis Preserving Long-Range Order (2015)

We report on a stepwise on-surface polymerization reaction leading to oriented graphene nanoribbons on Au(111) as the final product. Starting from the precursor 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl and using the Ullmann coupling reaction followed by dehydrogenation and C-C coupling, we have developed a fine-tuned, annealing-triggered on-surface polymerization that allows us to obtain an oriented nanomesh of graphene nanoribbons via two well-defined intermediate products, namely, p-phenylene oligomers with reduced length dispersion and ordered submicrometric molecular wires of poly(p-phenylene). A fine balance involving gold catalytic activity in the Ullmann coupling, appropriate on-surface molecular mobility, and favorable topochemical conditions provided by the used precursor leads to a high degree of long-range order that characterizes each step of the synthesis and is rarely observed for surface organic frameworks obtained via Ullmann coupling.
Modeling migration of organic pollutants in groundwater — Review of available software (2021)

The presence of organic pollutants e.g. contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments has been of great concern worldwide for years. Increasing numbers of different types of CECs detected in the aquatic environment requires action to a detailed understanding of the distribution and transport of these compounds in groundwater, to guarantee safe drinking water for people in the future and sustainable development of the environment. Nowadays, progress in software permits the simulation of organic pollutant transport in the soil-water system using advanced mathematical models. Those models can be applied both to simulate contaminant transport or to calculate values of transport parameters by inversion. This article summarizes the results of literature research regarding the available software for modeling the migration of organic pollutants in groundwater. They were detailed described in terms of their operation, applications, usefulness, advantages, and limitations, along with an indication of the most useful in this subject.
Analysis and reduction of reference frames for motion estimation in MPEG-4 AVC/JVT/H.264 (2004)

In the new video coding standard, MPEG-4 AVC/JVT/H.264, motion estimation is allowed to use multiple reference frames. The reference software adopts a full search scheme, and the increased computation is in proportion to the number of searched reference frames. However, the reduction of prediction residues is highly dependent on the nature of the sequences, not on the number of searched frames. We present a method to speed up the matching process for multiple reference frames. For each macroblock, we analyze the available information after intra prediction and motion estimation from the previous frame to determine whether it is necessary to search more frames. The information we use includes selected mode, inter prediction residues, intra prediction residues, and motion vectors. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can save up to 90% of unnecessary frames while keeping the average miss rate of optimal frames less than 4%.
Extended front-to-back alignment capability for MEMS/MOEMS applications (2002)

A novel front-to-back alignment method, which does not require additional alignment sensors, is being developed for optical projection lithography tools. The system is designed such that it can be easily retrofitted to existing systems. By embedding a pair of tiny optics into the wafer stage, the existing Through-the-Lens (TTL) and/or Off-Axis (OA) alignment systems can be utilized, thereby avoiding the added complexity of supplementary alignment electronics and hardware. The front-to-back alignment is accomplished by imaging the alignment marks on the wafer back surface to the front and then using the standard front-side alignment system. To calibrate the front-to-back alignment module and to minimize the alignment errors, new metrology software is introduced. The front-to-back alignment accuracy is specified to be &lt;EQ 500 nm, which provides typically twice the improvement compared to current state-of-the-art implementations. The front-to-back alignment capability is being developed in response to the requirements of the MEMS/MOEMS market.
Figure S2 from Interferon Signaling Is Diminished with Age and Is Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 shows PD-L1 and MHCI upregulation after IFNg stimulation in the 4T1 and Met1 cells lines, experimental schematic, tumor volume at the start of treatment, and graphs of individual tumor growth for figure 2&lt;/p&gt;
Next generation sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes: challenges, applications and opportunities (2020)

Various next generation sequencing (NGS) based strategies have been successfully used in the recent past for tracing origins and understanding the evolution of infectious agents, investigating the spread and transmission chains of outbreaks, as well as facilitating the development of effective and rapid molecular diagnostic tests and contributing to the hunt for treatments and vaccines. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses one of the greatest global threats in modern history and has already caused severe social and economic costs. The development of efficient and rapid sequencing methods to reconstruct the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, has been fundamental for the design of diagnostic molecular tests and to devise effective measures and strategies to mitigate the diffusion of the pandemic. Diverse approaches and sequencing methods can, as testified by the number of available sequences, be applied to SARS-CoV-2 genomes. However, each technology and sequencing approach has its own advantages and limitations. In the current review, we will provide a brief, but hopefully comprehensive, account of currently available platforms and methodological approaches for the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. We also present an outline of current repositories and databases that provide access to SARS-CoV-2 genomic data and associated metadata. Finally, we offer general advice and guidelines for the appropriate sharing and deposition of SARS-CoV-2 data and metadata, and suggest that more efficient and standardized integration of current and future SARS-CoV-2-related data would greatly facilitate the struggle against this new pathogen. We hope that our 'vademecum' for the production and handling of SARS-CoV-2-related sequencing data, will contribute to this objective.
Device and circuit approaches for improved linearity and efficiency in microwave transmitters (2002)

This paper presents several power amplifier approaches that promise to significantly improve efficiency, while meeting the linearity requirements of advanced, spectrally efficient wireless systems. The approaches include: a) use of active integrated antenna structures that provide harmonic terminations for high efficiency Class F amplifiers; b) integrated dc-dc converters for power conditioning and envelope restoration; c) switching mode amplifiers based on bipolar transistors with controlled saturation; and d) the use of band-pass delta-sigma modulators to tailor input signals.
Biomass of Sediment Bacteria by Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation (2001)

Accurate estimation of sediment microbial biomass is needed for studies in microbial ecology. The most common techniques currently used to estimate biomass in sediments are not only prone to considerable uncertainty, but are also time-consuming and labor-intensive. In the present study, a relatively new separation and sizing technique, sedimentation field flow fractionation (SdFFF), previously developed for biomass determination of bacteria in cell cultures and natural waters, was used to determine sediment bacterial biomass. SdFFF together with epifluorescence microscopy for cell counting in separated fractions was used for estimating the biomass in sediment samples from a wetland and a river site. Cell counting was required as yellow autofluorescing particles interfered with the on-line detector signal from the fluorescent tagged bacteria (blue) making this simple method of monitoring cell numbers impossible. Calibration curves were obtained that can be used for calculation of sediment bacterial biomass from cell count data for the two sites under study. This demonstrates that for specific systems the less tedious total counts method can be used to generate quantitative biomass estimates using SdFFF to provide accurate calibration for the conversion of counts to biomass. This approach overcomes the serious problems associated with conventional methods that often assume a constant biomass to cell counts or cell volume ratio between collection sites. The SdFFF method was applied to monitor cell growth in sediment samples after addition of phosphate and several types of carbon sources. On incubation for eight days, carbon-amended sediments showed higher bacterial biomass and contained more aggregated colonies, which needed to be dislodged by more vigorous treatment than those treated with phosphate alone.
UV photo-mediated size-focusing synthesis of silver nanoclusters (2016)

In this work, we first report the photo-mediated size-focusing synthesis of glutathione (SG)-protected atomically precise Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs).
Using resistive loading to control the radiation efficiency of a spiral antenna (2014)

This work explores a method to manipulate the radiation efficiency of a spiral antenna, in a controlled manner, by the use of methodically placed resistive loading. Simulated and measured efficiency and reflection coefficient data are shown for various resistively loaded spiral antennas. The simulated efficiencies range from 1% to 90% within the frequency range of 0.1 to 2.5 GHz. Effective permittivity, specifically an effective substrate loss tangent, is related to the value of the resistive loading to explain the efficiency control mechanism. Efficiency decreases as the loaded resistance value decreases.
Dietary Polyphenols Targeting Arterial Stiffness: Interplay of Contributing Mechanisms and Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolism (2019)

Increased arterial stiffness is a degenerative vascular process, progressing with age that leads to a reduced capability of arteries to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. This progressive degeneration mainly affects the extracellular matrix of elastic arteries and causes loss of vascular elasticity. Recent studies point to significant interference of dietary polyphenols with mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and progression of arterial stiffness. This review summarizes data from epidemiological and interventional studies on the effect of polyphenols on vascular stiffness as an illustration of current research and addresses possible etiological factors targeted by polyphenols, including pathways of vascular functionality, oxidative status, inflammation, glycation, and autophagy. Effects can either be inflicted directly by the dietary polyphenols or indirectly by metabolites originated from the host or microbial metabolic processes. The composition of the gut microbiome, therefore, determines the resulting metabolome and, as a consequence, the observed activity. On the other hand, polyphenols also influence the intestinal microbial composition, and therefore the metabolites available for interaction with relevant targets. As such, targeting the gut microbiome is another potential treatment option for arterial stiffness.
Etude du comportement en fissuration par fatigue des alliages intermétalliques TiAl (1997)

De par leurs proprietes attrayantes (bonne resistance a la corrosion, a l'oxydation et au fluage, excellente retention de module, resistance raisonnable a haute temperature, faible densite), les alliages bases sur le compose intermetallique tial sont pressentis dans des applications structurales a haute temperature. L'interet industriel croissant, la connaissance des proprietes d'usage constitue une etape essentielle. En particulier, la connaissance de la tenue a la fatigue et notamment la resistance a la fissuration est souvent indispensable pour le dimensionnement des pieces. Cette etude est donc consacree a l'analyse de la propagation des fissures de fatigue dans un alliage intermetallique a base tial, avec une attention particuliere portee aux roles respectifs de differents facteurs tels que la fermeture de fissure, la temperature, la microstructure et l'environnement. Une caracterisation detaillee du comportement en fissuration par fatigue est effectuee pour differentes conditions d'environnement et de temperature. L'examen de la propagation souligne le caractere diffus de l'endommagement en pointe de fissure et la similitude des mecanismes de rupture intervenant sous les differentes conditions d'essai. Il est montre que le concept de fermeture de fissure introduit pour les alliages conventionnels s'appliquent egalement au cas des composes intermetalliques et correspond principalement a une fermeture induite par la rugosite. L'influence de la temperature et de la microstructure sur le comportement intrinseque est etroitement liee a un effet de la tenacite dans le domaine des vitesses de propagation elevees. Une loi decrivant le comportement intrinseque a differentes temperatures est proposee. Enfin, un fort effet de l'environnement sur la resistance a la propagation est mis en evidence. La vapeur d'eau est identifiee comme espece active a temperature ambiante et semble egalement etre un facteur determinant a haute temperature.
Awake Craniotomy vs Craniotomy Under General Anesthesia for Perirolandic Gliomas: Evaluating Perioperative Complications and Extent of Resection (2017)

We show that AC can be performed with more frequent total resections, better postoperative KPS, shorter hospitalizations, as well as similar perioperative complication rates compared to surgery under GA for perirolandic, eloquent motor-region glioma.
Frequency-related representation of speech (2003)

Cepstral features derived from power spectrum are widely used for automatic speech recognition. Very little work, if any,hasbeendoneinspeechresearchtoexplorephase-based representations. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the use of phase function in the analytic signal of critical-band filtered speech for deriving a representation of frequencies present in the speech signal. Results are presented which show the validity of this approach.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM AND OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL IN RAT PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETICS IN RATS (2014)

Objective: A novel LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of atorvastatin calcium (ATR) and olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) in rat plasma and evaluated pharmacokinetic study in rats. Methods: The analytes were separated on aquasil C 18 ­ reversed phase column and the detection of target compounds was done in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines. Results: The limit of detections (LODs) and the limit of quantifications (LOQs) were 0.15ng/mL and 1.0ng/mL for ATR and 0.21ng/mL and 1.0ng/mL for OLM respectively. The determined intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 10% and the accuracy was within 90 - 110 %. The stability and extraction recoveries of the analytes were in the acceptable range. Conclusion: This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of ATR and OLM in rats.
Contact-mediated intracellular delivery of hydrophobic drugs from polymeric nanoparticles (2014)

Encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticles can enhance the accumulation of drugs in tumours, reduce toxicity toward healthy tissue, and improve pharmacokinetics compared to administration of free drug. To achieve efficient delivery and release of drugs at the target site, mechanisms of interaction between the nanoparticles and cells and the mechanism of delivery of the encapsulated drug are crucial to understand. Our aim was to determine the mechanisms for cellular uptake of a fluorescent hydrophobic model drug from poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Prostate adenocarcinoma cells were incubated with Nile Red-loaded nanoparticles or free Nile Red. Uptake and intracellular distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The nanoparticles mediated a higher intracellular level and more rapid uptake of encapsulated Nile Red compared to model drug administered alone. The main mechanism for delivery was not by endocytosis of nanoparticles but by nanoparticle-cell contact-mediated transfer directly to the cytosol and, to a smaller extent, release of payload from nanoparticles into the medium followed by diffusion into cells. The payload thus avoids entering the endocytic pathway, evading lysosomal degradation and instead gains direct access to intracellular targets. The nanoparticles are promising tools for efficient intracellular delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs; therefore, they are clinically relevant for improved cancer therapy.
A Reconfigurable Optical Header Recognition System for Optical Packet Routing Applications (2006)

We demonstrate a reconfigurable all-optical packet processing system. The key device is a code-reconfigurable header decoder based on a fiber Bragg grating. The performance of the system is tested for different packet headers, and error-free operation is confirmed
Mix-and-extrude: high-viscosity sample injection towards time-resolved protein crystallography (2023)

Time-resolved crystallography enables the visualization of protein molecular motion during a reaction. Although light is often used to initiate reactions in time-resolved crystallography, only a small number of proteins can be activated by light. However, many biological reactions can be triggered by the interaction between proteins and ligands. The sample delivery method presented here uses a mix-and-extrude approach based on 3D-printed microchannels in conjunction with a micronozzle. The diffusive mixing enables the study of the dynamics of samples in viscous media. The device design allows mixing of the ligands and protein crystals in 2 to 20 s. The device characterization using a model system (fluorescence quenching of iq-mEmerald proteins by copper ions) demonstrated that ligand and protein crystals, each within lipidic cubic phase, can be mixed efficiently. The potential of this approach for time-resolved membrane protein crystallography to support the development of new drugs is discussed.
The Fission Yeast Kinetochore Component Spc7 Associates with the EB1 Family Member Mal3 and Is Required for Kinetochore–Spindle Association (2004)

A critical aspect of mitosis is the interaction of the kinetochore with spindle microtubules. Fission yeast Mal3 is a member of the EB1 family of microtubule plus-end binding proteins, which have been implicated in this process. However, the Mal3 interaction partner at the kinetochore had not been identified. Here, we show that the mal3 mutant phenotype can be suppressed by the presence of extra Spc7, an essential kinetochore protein associated with the central centromere region. Mal3 and Spc7 interact physically as both proteins can be coimmunoprecipitated. Overexpression of a Spc7 variant severely compromises kinetochore-microtubule interaction, indicating that the Spc7 protein plays a role in this process. Spc7 function seems to be conserved because, Spc105, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of Spc7, identified by mass spectrometry as a component of the conserved Ndc80 complex, can rescue mal3 mutant strains.