gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase II study of BP1001 (liposomal Grb2 antisense oligonucleotide) in patients with hematologic malignancies. (2020)

TPS7561 Background: The growth factor receptor bound protein-2 (Grb2) is vital to oncogene signaling and tumor progression. BP1001 is a liposome-incorporated Grb2 antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits Grb2 expression. Grb2 inhibition suppresses cancer growth and survival. A Phase I/Ib single center study in patients with refractory/relapsed leukemias demonstrated the safety of BP1001 up to 90 mg/m 2 dose and the efficacy of BP1001 in combination with low dose cytarabine (LDAC) in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (Ohanian, Lancet Haematol 2018). Based on pharmacokinetic (PK) considerations, the recommended Phase II dose was 60 mg/m 2 . A phase II study was initiated to explore the clinical impact of BP1001 in combination with LDAC in untreated AML patients. Interim safety and efficacy of BP1001 + LDAC in untreated AML patients was presented at the 2018 Annual ASH Meeting. BP1001 was safely administered to 25 patients with untreated AML, who were considered unfit for standard chemotherapy. Efficacy data compared favorably to what has been reported with available options for unfit patients largely with secondary AML or adverse-risk AML. Since the Interim Data presentation, the study was amended to investigate BP1001 + decitabine combination and include myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. This is because BP1001 enhanced decitabine anti-leukemic effects in preclinical studies. Methods: This is a multi-center, open-label study with 2 parallel cohorts of BP1001 + decitabine treatment in untreated AML/high risk MDS patients and refractory/relapsed AML/high risk MDS patients who are considered by the investigator unsuitable for or refused intensive chemotherapy. BP1001 is given intravenously (IV) at 60 mg/m 2 twice weekly. Decitabine is given 20 mg/m 2 IV daily for 5 consecutive days. Each cycle is 28 days. Each cohort can enroll 19 patients, with a decision to stop or proceed to 54 patients. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether BP1001 + decitabine provides higher complete remission rates than decitabine alone (by historical comparison) in AML/high risk MDS patients. The secondary objectives of this study are to assess: Safety of BP1001 + decitabine; partial remissions and blast count reductions; overall survival, time to response and duration of response; minimal residual disease status in patients who achieve complete remission; and plasma PK profile of BP1001. The exploratory objective of this study is to evaluate the association of treatment response with cytogenetic and molecular characteristics. Clinical trial information: NCT02781883 .
Efficient photon number detection with silicon avalanche photodiodes (2011)

We demonstrate an efficient photon number detector for visible wavelengths using a fast-gated silicon avalanche photodiode. Using sub-nanosecond voltage gates with a self-differencing circuit, the device is able to resolve up to four photons in an incident optical pulse, with a detection probability of up to 91.1 % at 1 GHz. With this performance and close to room temperature operation, fast-gated silicon avalanche photodiodes are ideal for optical quantum information processing that requires single-shot photon number detection.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Series of 2‐Aminotetralins (cf. (V)) with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Dopamine D3 Receptor (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limitations of Information-Theoretic Generalization Bounds for Gradient Descent Methods in Stochastic Convex Optimization (2022)

To date, no "information-theoretic" frameworks for reasoning about generalization error have been shown to establish minimax rates for gradient descent in the setting of stochastic convex optimization. In this work, we consider the prospect of establishing such rates via several existing information-theoretic frameworks: input-output mutual information bounds, conditional mutual information bounds and variants, PAC-Bayes bounds, and recent conditional variants thereof. We prove that none of these bounds are able to establish minimax rates. We then consider a common tactic employed in studying gradient methods, whereby the final iterate is corrupted by Gaussian noise, producing a noisy "surrogate" algorithm. We prove that minimax rates cannot be established via the analysis of such surrogates. Our results suggest that new ideas are required to analyze gradient descent using information-theoretic techniques.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Sasang Constitution in the Korean Population (2012)

Genetic loci and genes associated with Sasang constitution types were systematically identified from a genome-wide association study using a large number of subjects.
Phase shifter using defected ground structures with MEMS actuated cavity backing (2004)

A MEMS-based control structure consisting of a flexible membrane to actuate ground plane defects is presented. Initial tests were performed with a manually constructed cavity structure placed behind the slot. The cavity depth is increased in discrete intervals and the phase difference determined. Promising results from this experiment led to the application of the membrane itself beneath the ground plane defect. The membrane-backed design allows a continuous generation of phase shift through the variation of the cavity depth. An electrode below the membrane causes a deflection due to an applied electrostatic force, allowing a cavity to form between the membrane and the defect in the ground plane. These cavity-backed designs add negligible loss to the system.
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy Structural Steels in Catechol and Biomass-Derived Pyrolysis Oils (2021)

Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to assess the corrosion behavior of three steels, 2.25Cr-1Mo, 5Cr-1Mo and 9Cr-1Mo (UNS K21590, S50200 and K90941) in bio-oils and catechol, an organic constituent commonly found in bio-oils. Two types of biomass pyrolysis oils produced from selected forest residue feedstocks, classified as high-ash and high-moisture (HAHM) and low-ash and low-moisture (LALM) types and 10 wt.% catechol, were used to test the alloys. According to previous results, 10 wt.% catechol in a water and methanol mixture was corrosive to 2.25Cr-1Mo but not to 9Cr-1Mo, highlighting that increasing Cr content in the steels resulted in improved corrosion resistance. 5Cr-1Mo, a steel with an intermediate Cr content, was tested in catechol solutions to better estimate the critical value of Cr for corrosion resistance under these conditions. Also, the three alloys were tested in both HAHM and LALM bio-oils to assess corrosion susceptibility. For EIS measurements, a customized electrochemical setup was employed to minimize the ohmic path through the bio-oils. The corrosion susceptibility was evaluated by determining the resistance at the alloy-corrosive medium interface.
Predictions of volume scattering strengths from biological trawl data (1974)

A volume reverberation model which utilizes actual fish distribution data has been developed to permit quantitative predictions of depth-dependent scattering strengths. The model was evaluated using coincident acoustic volume scattering measurements and biological trawl data collected in the Mediterranean Sea. Biological specimens were collected at discrete depths with an Issacs-Kidd midwater trawl. Each fish collected was identified and sized, and its acoustic cross section calculated utilizing regression equations relating fish species, length, and swimbladder volume at frequencies near swimbladder resonance or equations relating fish length to acoustic cross section at frequencies far above resonance. Scattering strengths for each species were then determined, indicating dominant species at each trawl depth for 1/3-octave frequency bands between 2.5 and 20 kHz. The acoustic data were obtained with surface-vented explosive sources and a shallow omnidirectional hydrophone. These data were processed to yield integrated column strength versus depth profiles, which were then numerically differentiated to produce scattering strength versus depth profiles for each frequency band. Comparison of the model predictions to the scattering strength profiles showed good agreement at the higher frequencies, with the agreement decreasing with frequency below 8 kHz. Possible causes of this disagreement are enumerated.
MPEG DASH SRD (2016)

This paper presents the Spatial Representation Description (SRD) feature of the second amendment of MPEG DASH standard part 1, 23009-1:2014 [1]. SRD is an approach for streaming only spatial sub-parts of a video to display devices, in combination with the form of adaptive multi-rate streaming that is intrinsically supported by MPEG DASH. The SRD feature extends the Media Presentation Description (MPD) of MPEG DASH by describing spatial relationships between associated pieces of video content. This enables the DASH client to select and retrieve only those video streams at those resolutions that are relevant to the user experience. The paper describes the design principles behind SRD, the different possibilities it enables and examples of how SRD was used in different experiments on interactive streaming of ultra-high resolution video.
A study of growth mechanism of microcrystalline thin silicon films deposited at low temperature by SiF4-H2-He PECVD (2004)

Fully microcrystalline silicon, μc-Si, thin films (<100 nm) have been deposited at low temperature (60 °C) on Corning glass and plastic flexible polyimide substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using SiF4-H2-He. The effect of deposition temperature on the structure, i.e., crystallinity and density, of μc-Si films is investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 1.5−5.5 eV energy range. Modeling of spectroscopic ellipsometry data is used for highlighting crystallinity of the substrate/film interface, i.e., the absence of any amorphous incubation layer. It is found that film crystallinity does not depend on film thickness, and it increases with the decrease of deposition temperature. The temperature dependence is explained on the basis of a like-Arrhenius kinetic analysis of the etching process by atomic fluorine and hydrogen of both μc-Si and a-Si phases.
[Outcomes of the surgical treatment of infectious endocarditis in a single institute for 13-years]. (2014)

Recently, due to the progress in patient managements with antibiotics, the prognosis of the active phase infectious endocarditis (IE) has improved, but in some cases, urgent or emergent surgical treatment is inevitable because of the uncontrollable acute heart failure due to valve regurgitation, uncontrollable infection with circulatory collapse, or high embolization risk. We reviewed the outcomes of the 57 IE patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January, 2000 to April, 2012. Preoperative state including inflammatory responses, bacterial blood culture, antibiotic administration, and surgical procedures were examined. No statistical significances were detected in the mortalities between elective cases (n=43)and urgent or emergent cases (n=14). Totally, mortality was 5.3% including one case in prosthetic valve endocarditis, and was satisfactory.
Gut metagenome‐derived signature predicts hepatic decompensation and mortality in NAFLD‐related cirrhosis (2022)

This study provides evidence for a gut metagenome-derived signature with high diagnostic accuracy for hepatic decompensation that predicts risk of mortality in NAFLD-related cirrhosis.
Identification of Genetic Mutations in Cancer: Challenge and Opportunity in the New Era of Targeted Therapy (2019)

The introduction of targeted therapy is the biggest success in the treatment of cancer in the past few decades. However, heterogeneous cancer is characterized by diverse molecular alterations as well as multiple clinical profiles. Specific genetic mutations in cancer therapy targets may increase drug sensitivity, or more frequently result in therapeutic resistance. In the past 3 years, several novel targeted therapies have been approved for cancer treatment, including drugs with new targets (i.e., anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies and CDK4/6 inhibitors), mutation targeting drugs (i.e., the EGFR T790M targeting osimertinib), drugs with multiple targets (i.e., the EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitor neratinib) and drug combinations (i.e., encorafenib/binimetinib and dabrafenib/trametinib). In this perspective, we focus on the most up-to-date knowledge of targeted therapy and describe how genetic mutations influence the sensitivity of targeted therapy, highlighting the challenges faced within this era of precision medicine. Moreover, the strategies that deal with mutation-driven resistance are further discussed. Advances in these areas would allow for more targeted and effective therapeutic options for cancer patients.
12‐3: A 5.5 inch FFS‐LCD Driven by Soluble ‐metal‐oxide and Implementation in Production Line through BCE TFT Structure (2018)

In this work, solution based metal‐oxide TFT with BCE structure is successfully implemented in TFT‐LCD production line. The well‐known slot‐die coating technology is used to deposit liquid phase semiconductor on Gen4.5 substrates. Finally, a 5.5 inch TFT LCD driven by solution metal oxide TFT was successfully demonstrated.
Interaction of graphite with hydroxide-salt melts (2006)

The mechanism and kinetics of graphite dissolution in melts based on sodium hydroxide were studied. The effect of various salt additives on the intensity of the occurring reactions is considered. A method recommended for removal of graphite in the form of remainders of molds and mold cores from titanium casts is described.
Analysis and Calibration for Wideband Times-2 Interleaved Current-Steering DACs (2022)

This work presents analysis and calibration of interleaving and data timing errors that are encountered in modern times-2 interleaved digital-to-analog converters (DACs) with a current-steering (CS) architecture. Such errors corrupt the DAC output spectrum with spectral images that require calibration. We develop an analytical model for the interleaving and data timing errors that we understand are most significant and propose a calibration algorithm that treats all of them. Extensive simulations of the algorithm are made possible by leveraging the speed and accuracy of the analytical model. The algorithm is demonstrated on a commercially-developed 10-bit times-2 interleaved CS-DAC, operating at 40GS/s in 14nm CMOS.
Plasticity in the olfactory cortex: Age‐dependent effects of deafferentation (1986)

In order to assess the role of input-target interactions in the development of olfactory cortex, the primary afferent fibers from the olfactory bulb to the superficial part of layer I of the cortex (layer Ia) were removed in developing and mature rats. After survival periods that vary from a few days to 2-6 months, changes were assessed in (1) the radial thickness of layer I, (2) the laminar distribution of intracortical associational fibers, which normally terminate in a deep part of layer I (layer Ib), and (3) the distribution of glia in layer I. The findings indicate that the lamination of fibers within layer I is not intrinsically prespecified, but gradually becomes "set" during the first month after birth. If the fibers from the olfactory bulb are removed, the dendrites of cortical cells are capable of accepting inputs from other fiber systems, depending on the maturational state of the dendrites and the ingrowing axons. Development of the abnormal inputs is associated with relatively normal dendritic growth, whereas lack of adequate input results in dendritic atrophy. Thus, after neonatal bulb ablation, the intracortical fibers occupy both superficial and deep parts of layer I, and a normal synaptic density is established throughout the layer. Layer I also develops to nearly its normal adult thickness, although the high density of glia that normally characterizes layer Ia is not apparent. With bulb ablation at progressively older ages (from postnatal day (P-) 3 to 21), the cortical associational fibers show progressively less extension into the denervated layer Ia. Layer I continues to grow, but not to the same extent as after P-1 ablations. In these experiments the glia distribution resembles the pattern present at the time of denervation. After adult olfactory bulb ablation, the long intracortical fibers extend very little into layer Ia, which undergoes pronounced shrinkage and becomes filled with a high concentration of glia. However, partial reinnervation of layer Ia is accomplished by the proliferation of a normally sparse native fiber system, which has been identified only with the Timm method. These results are interpreted as evidence that the normal development of lamination of afferent fibers to the olfactory cortex depends on axodendritic interaction during development.
Factors Influencing the Dissemination of Tweets at the American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress 2018 (2020)

This study helps understand social media impact at surgical conferences. Engage by tweeting and retweeting. Mention other tweeters, add multimedia, include congress hashtags and topic-specific hashtags, and build your followers. Although not associated with retweet activity in this study, the inclusion of URLs can still contribute in substantiating the disseminated content based on findings at other conferences.
A Facile Synthesis of Disiloxanes with Functional Groups (1995)

Abstract A facile synthetic method to obtain mono and difunctionalized disiloxanes, which can be used as various monomers for speciality polymers is described. The ring-opening of cyclic siloxanes with functionalized organometallic reagents followed by quenching with a variety of silyl chlorides gives the functionalized disiloxanes in good to excellent yields.
Optimal crawling strategies for web search engines (2002)

Web Search Engines employ multiple so-called crawlers to maintain local copies of web pages. But these web pages are frequently updated by their owners, and therefore the crawlers must regularly revisit the web pages to maintain the freshness of their local copies. In this paper, we propose a two-part scheme to optimize this crawling process. One goal might be the minimization of the average level of staleness over all web pages, and the scheme we propose can solve this problem. Alternatively, the same basic scheme could be used to minimize a possibly more important search engine embarrassment level metric: The frequency with which a client makes a search engine query and then clicks on a returned url only to find that the result is incorrect. The first part our scheme determines the (nearly) optimal crawling frequencies, as well as the theoretically optimal times to crawl each web page. It does so within an extremely general stochastic framework, one which supports a wide range of complex update patterns found in practice. It uses techniques from probability theory and the theory of resource allocation problems which are highly computationally efficient -- crucial for practicality because the size of the problem in the web environment is immense. The second part employs these crawling frequencies and ideal crawl times as input, and creates an optimal achievable schedule for the crawlers. Our solution, based on network flow theory, is exact as well as highly efficient. An analysis of the update patterns from a highly accessed and highly dynamic web site is used to gain some insights into the properties of page updates in practice. Then, based on this analysis, we perform a set of detailed simulation experiments to demonstrate the quality and speed of our approach.
Activation of IRS-2—Mediated Signal Transduction by IGF-1, but not TGF-α or EGF, Augments Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation (2002)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced signal transduction was directly compared with that of glucose and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in INS-1 cells. TGF-alpha/EGF transiently (<20 min) induced phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk)-1/2 (>20-fold), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 (>10-fold), and protein kinase B (PKB) (Ser(473) and Thr(308)), but did not increase [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. In contrast, phosphorylation of Erk1/2, GSK-3, and PKB in response to glucose and IGF-1 was more prolonged (>24 h) and, though not as robust as TGF-alpha/EGF, did increase beta-cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of p70(S6K) was also increased by IGF-1/glucose, but not by TGF-alpha/EGF, despite upstream PKB activation. It was found that IGF-1 induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) association with insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and -2 in a glucose-dependent manner, whereas TGF-alpha/EGF did not. The importance of specific IRS-2-mediated signaling events was emphasized in that adenoviral-mediated overexpression of IRS-2 further increased glucose/IGF-1-induced beta-cell proliferation (more than twofold; P < 0.05) compared with control or adenoviral-mediated IRS-1 overexpressing INS-1 cells. Neither IRS-1 nor IRS-2 overexpression induced a beta-cell proliferative response to TGF-alpha/EGF. Thus, a prolonged activation of Erk1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways is important in committing a beta-cell to a mitogenic event, and it is likely that this sustained activation is instigated by signal transduction occurring specifically through IRS-2.
The Course of N‐Alkylation of 6‐Methylmercaptopurines (1965)

Abstract Reaction of a 6‐methylmercaptopurine with methyl iodide in an aprotic solvent gives only a single methylation product. Both the 7‐ and the 9‐methyl derivatives are alkylated at N‐3. 3‐Methyl‐6‐methylmetcaptopurine is attacked at N‐7, while the 1‐methyl isomer is substituted at position 9. The course of the latter reaction depends markedly on the reaction conditions, as in the presence of an alkali carbonate alkylation takes place at N‐7. The mechanism of these methylations is discussed.
Furoyl Chloride (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFuroyl ChlorideW. W. Hartman and J. B. DickeyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1932, 24, 2, 151–152Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50266a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50266a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts