gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hezarfen Wings (2014)

Nasal tip surgery is one of the most important parts of rhinoplasty to achieve an attractive nose. There are numerous techniques focusing on the correction of nasal tip rotation and projection. In this article, a new cartilage support derived from the cephalic border of lower lateral cartilages is used for the adjustment of tip rotation and projection, whereas improving supratip fullness is presented. Bilaterally harvested cartilage extensions are resembled as bird's wings and dedicated to the wings that were created by the world's first scientist who flew from one continent to another: Hezarfen Ahmed Çelebi. Thirty-two patients who underwent open-approach rhinoplasty operation including the abovementioned method were evaluated retrospectively. After performing conventional steps of open approach rhinoplasty, a wing is created by making a cephalic incision parallel to the lateral crural axis leaving the medial attachment intact and then undermined. Then, the cartilage is turned over the midline bilaterally as it acts like a curb by pulling or releasing the wings to adjust to the desired tip rotation and projection and sutured to the repaired upper lateral cartilage roof. Other 2 types of using these wings were asymmetric suturing one of the wings to help in the redirection of deviated nasal tip (n = 12) and suturing each other at midline to support the overlying skin like a tent with supratip deficiency (n = 7). The authors presented here both esthetic and functional outcomes of Hezarfen wings' method that was used for both nasal tip adjustments and supratip support.
Evaluation of different inclusion levels of dry live yeast impacts on various rumen parameters and in situ digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber in growing and finishing beef cattle (2019)

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing dry live yeast (LY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) fermentation dynamics, pH, and CH4 concentration at 48 h, and in situ rumen parameters and digestibility of DM (DMD) and NDF (NDFD) of growing cattle during 3 feeding phases: grower (GRW) for 17 d (38% steamed-flaked corn; SFC), transition (TRANS) for 15 d (55.5% SFC: 1.2 Mcal/kg NEg), and finisher (FIN) for 13 d (73% SFC: 1.23 Mcal/kg NEg). Twenty British-crossbred, ruminally cannulated steers (183 kg ± 44 kg) 6 mo of age were blocked by weight into 5 pens containing Calan gate feeders and received a control (CON) diet (17.2% CP, 35.8% NDF, 86.7% DM) without LY on days -12 to 0. After that, animals were randomly assigned to treatments (TRT), 5 animals per TRT: CON or LY at inclusion rates of 5 g/d (LY1), 10 g/d (LY2), or 15 g/d (LY3) top dressed every morning at 0800 for 45 d. The DMD and NDFD were assessed during 7 separate collection days using in situ nylon bags containing 5 g of GRW, TRANS, or FIN diets, incubated at 1200 for 48 h. Protozoa counts (PC) were determined during 5 collection periods. Data were analyzed as a repeated measure within a randomized complete block design, assuming a random effect of the pen. For GRW, TRT altered the total gas production of the nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC; P = 0.045) and the fractional rate of degradation (kd) of the fiber carbohydrate (FC) pool (P = 0.001) in a cubic pattern (P ≤ 0.05): LY2 had the most gas production and fastest kd. TRT also influenced DMD (P = 0.035) and NDFD (P = 0.012) with LY2 providing the greatest digestibility. For TRANS, TRT tended to affect the NFC kd (P = 0.078) and influenced pH (P = 0.04) and DMD (P < 0.001) in which LY2 yielded the fastest kd, highest pH, and greatest DMD. For FIN, there was an effect of TRT on total gas production (P < 0.001) and kd (P = 0.004) of the NFC pool, FC kd (P = 0.012), in vitro CH4 concentration (P < 0.001), PC (P < 0.001), DMD (P = 0.039), and NDFD (P = 0.008). LY1 had the highest PC and provided the greatest DMD and NDFD. LY2 had the fastest kd of both the NFC and FC pools and had the least CH4 concentration. LY3 had the greatest NFC gas production. No specific dose-response pattern was observed, but 10 g/d provided the most beneficial result for all diets. We concluded that supplementation with LY affected IVGP as well as ruminal parameters and digestibilities.
Breeder: when and why (1976)

A brief discussion is presented of the uranium fuel cycle and the economic benefits possible from the introduction of the LMFBR. A summary is included of breeder programs and experience in the United Kingdom, France, USSR, West Germany, and Japan. The U.S. breeder program is discussed with emphasis on project organization, which includes both the government and the electric utility industry. (DG)
Computing Through Time (2019)

Various puzzles, quizzes, games, humorous definitions, or mathematical that should engage the interest of readers.
Cyclic path switching for lattice reduction-aided iterative linear receivers in overloaded MIMO systems (2021)

This paper proposes a technique called “Cyclic path switching (CPS)” to improve the transmission performance of iterative linear receivers assisted with the lattice reduction in overloaded MIMO channels. The proposed CPS applies different parameters to the LLL algorithm, one of algorithms for the lattice reduction, in order to prepare two paths in the iterative linear receivers. The CPS cyclically switches the paths in the iteration process of the receiver, which is expected to randomize error bits and to improve the decoding performance in the proposed receiver. The CPS enables the iterative receiver to attain a gain of about 0.5dB at the packet error rate (PER) of 10-2in a 6×2 MIMO system with the 64 QAM, when the reception process is iterated 50 times, even though the CPS is implemented with little additional computational complexity.
Efficacy and safety of continuous 4‐year telbivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B (2012)

In the phase-III GLOBE/015 studies, telbivudine demonstrated superior efficacy vs lamivudine during 2-year treatment in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). After completion, 847 patients had an option to continue telbivudine treatment for further 2 years. A total of 596 (70%) of telbivudine-treated patients, who were serum HBV DNA positive or negative and without genotypic resistance to telbivudine at the end of the GLOBE/015 trials, were enrolled into a further 2-year extension study. A group of 502 patients completed 4 years of continuous telbivudine treatment and were included in the telbivudine per-protocol population. Amongst 293 HBeAg-positive patients, 76.2% had undetectable serum HBV DNA and 86.0% had normal serum ALT at the end of 4 years. Notably, the cumulative rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 53.2%. Amongst 209 HBeAg-negative patients, 86.4% had undetectable HBV DNA and 89.6% had normal serum ALT. In patients who had discontinued telbivudine treatment due to HBeAg seroconversion, the HBeAg response was durable in 82% of patients (median 111 weeks of off-treatment follow-up). The cumulative 4-year resistance rate was 10.6% for HBeAg-positive and 10.0% for HBeAg-negative patients. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and transient. Renal function measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased by 14.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (16.6%) from baseline to 4 years (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB patients without resistance after 2 years, two additional years of telbivudine treatment continued to provide effective viral suppression with a favourable safety profile. Moreover, telbivudine achieved 53% of HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive patients.
Changes of α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Fatty Liver of Rats by Amino Acid Imbalance (1976)

Journal Article Changes of α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Fatty Liver of Rats by Amino Acid Imbalance Get access Masaji Ogura, Masaji Ogura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Eiichi Katsunuma, Eiichi Katsunuma Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomoko Akabane, Tomoko Akabane Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seiichi Ogawa Seiichi Ogawa Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 1, 1 January 1976, Pages 235–236, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862028 Published: 01 January 1976 Article history Received: 27 August 1975 Published: 01 January 1976
Processing And Performance Of Guided-Wave Devices In GaAs/AℓGaAs (1984)

A simple technique for the fabrication of integrated optical circuits on a GaAs substrate employing LPE epitaxial layer growth of A&ell;GaAs and GaAs and subsequent wet chemical etching to define the circuit structure is described. Several useful structures employing lasers, waveguides and detectors are discussed along with performance specifications that we have achieved in our laboratory. Finally, the correlation of waveguide loss to epitaxial layer uniformity is described.
Cross-Linking of Cationic Block Copolymer Micelles by Silica Deposition (2007)

Diblock copolymer micelles comprising cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA) coronas and hydrophobic poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) cores are used as nanosized templates for the deposition of silica from aqueous solution at pH 7.2 and 20 degrees C. Both noncross-linked and shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles can be coated with silica without loss of colloid stability. Under optimized conditions, the silica deposition is confined to the partially quaternized cationic PDMA chains, leading to hybrid copolymer-silica particles of around 35 nm diameter with well-defined core-shell morphologies. 1H NMR studies confirmed that the PDPA cores of these copolymer-silica particles became protonated at low pH and deprotonated at high pH, which suggests possible encapsulation and controlled release applications. Moreover, in situ silica deposition effectively stabilizes the PDPA-PDMA micelles, which remain intact on lowering the solution pH (whereas the original noncross-linked PDPA-PDMA micelles dissociate in acidic solution). This suggests a convenient route to silica-stabilized SCL micelles under mild conditions.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Deep Sequencing Reveals a Novel miR-22 Regulatory Network with Therapeutic Potential in Rhabdomyosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene expression profiling of miR-22-expressing RD18 cells identifies TACC1 and RAB5B as direct targets.&lt;/p&gt;
DNA-Based Fabrication for Nanoelectronics (2020)

The bottom-up DNA-templated nanoelectronics exploits the unparalleled self-assembly properties of DNA molecules and their amenability with various types of nanomaterials. In principle, nanoelectronic devices can be bottom-up assembled with near-atomic precision, which compares favorably with well-established top-down fabrication process with nanometer precision. Over the past decade, intensive effort has been made to develop DNA-based nanoassemblies including DNA-metal, DNA-polymer, and DNA-carbon nanotube complexes. This review introduces the history of DNA-based fabrication for nanoelectronics briefly and summarizes the state-of-art advances of DNA-based nanoelectronics. In particular, the most widely applied characterization techniques to explore their unique electronic properties at the nanoscale are described and discussed, including scanning tunneling microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. We also provide a perspective on potential applications of DNA-based nanoelectronics.
Identification of likely orthologs of tobacco salicylic acid‐binding protein 2 and their role in systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana (2008)

Salicylic acid-binding protein 2 (SABP2) is essential for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco; SABP2's methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity is required in healthy systemic tissues of infected plants to release the active defense phytohormone SA from MeSA, which serves as a long-distance signal for SAR. In the current study, we characterize a new gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding 18 potentially active alpha/beta fold hydrolases that share 32-57% identity with SABP2. Of 14 recombinant AtMES (MES for methyl esterase) proteins tested, five showed preference for MeSA as a substrate and displayed SA inhibition of MeSA esterase activity in vitro (AtMES1, -2, -4, -7, and -9). The two genes encoding MeSA esterases with the greatest activity, AtMES1 and -9, as well as AtMES7 were transcriptionally upregulated during infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, conditional expression of AtMES1, -7, or -9 complemented SAR deficiency in SABP2-silenced tobacco, suggesting that these three members of the AtMES family are SABP2 functional homologs (orthologs). Underexpression by knockout mutation and/or RNAi-mediated silencing of multiple AtMES genes, including AtMES1, -2, -7, and -9, compromised SAR in Arabidopsis and correlated with enhanced accumulation of MeSA in the systemic tissue of SAR-induced plants. Together, the data show that several members of the AtMES gene family are functionally homologous to SABP2 and redundant for MeSA hydrolysis and probably SAR. These data suggest that MeSA is a conserved SAR signal in Arabidopsis and tobacco.
Localized Surface Plasmon Coupled Fluorescence Fiber-Optic Biosensor with Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

A novel fiber-optic biosensor based on a localized surface plasmon coupled fluorescence (LSPCF) system is proposed and developed. This biosensor consists of a biomolecular complex in a sandwich format of <antibody/antigen/Cy5-antibody-gold nanoparticle (GNP)>. It is immobilized on the surface of an optical fiber where a <Cy5-antibody-GNP> complex forms the fluorescence probe and is produced by mixing Cy5-labeled antibody and protein A conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-PA). The LSPCF is excited by localized surface plasmon on the GNP surface where the evanescent field is applied near the core surface of the optical fiber. At the same time, the fluorescence signal is detected by a photomultiplier tube located beside the unclad optical fiber with high collection efficiency. Experimentally, this novel LSPCF biosensor is able to detect mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) at a minimum concentration of 1 pg/mL (7 fM) during the biomolecular interaction of the IgG with anti-mouse IgG. The analysis is expanded by a discussion of the amplification of the LSPCF intensity by GNP coupling, and overall, this LSPCF biosensor is confirmed experimentally as a biosensor with very high sensitivity.
Markov chain fingerprinting to classify encrypted traffic (2014)

In this paper, we propose stochastic fingerprints for application traffic flows conveyed in Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) sessions. The fingerprints are based on first-order homogeneous Markov chains for which we identify the parameters from observed training application traces. As the fingerprint parameters of chosen applications considerably differ, the method results in a very good accuracy of application discrimination and provides a possibility of detecting abnormal SSL/TLS sessions. Our analysis of the results reveals that obtaining application discrimination mainly comes from incorrect implementation practice, the misuse of the SSL/TLS protocol, various server configurations, and the application nature.
Complementary switching in metal oxides: Toward diode-less crossbar RRAMs (2011)

A major challenge in achieving high density crossbar arrays based on resistive-switching memory (RRAM) is the identification of a select device (e.g. diode) with suitable supply current and on-off swing. Recently, the complementary resistance switch (CRS) concept based on a 2-RRAM stack was proposed to solve the sneak-path problem in crossbar arrays [1]. This work demonstrates complementary switching (CS) in single-stack nonpolar-RRAM devices. After describing CS characteristics by simulations, we show the operation under DC/pulsed regime and discuss methods to improve the resistive window. Finally, a unified model for unipolar, bipolar and complementary switching in oxide-RRAM is proposed.
Modulation of Hypoxia in Murine Liver Metastases of Colon Carcinoma by Nicotinamide and Carbogen (2005)

There is increasing evidence that modulation of tumor hypoxia may improve therapy outcome. However, most preclinical data are derived from subcutaneous rather than orthotopic tumor models. We investigated the effect of the hypoxia-modulating agents nicotinamide and carbogen on tumor hypoxia, tumor blood perfusion, and proliferative activity in liver metastases of the murine colon carcinoma line C26a. In untreated C26a liver metastases, we observed a considerable amount of hypoxia, similar to the amount in liver metastases of patients with colorectal cancer. Compared to untreated mice, we observed a significantly smaller hypoxic fraction in the liver metastases of mice treated with nicotinamide and carbogen breathing as single treatments or in combination. In the group of mice that underwent carbogen breathing, perfusion was significantly lower than in the untreated group, but the decrease was only marginal. The proliferative activity was similar in all groups. In C26a subcutaneous tumors, a similar effect on hypoxia has been observed that was, however, combined with a decrease in proliferative activity. The different effects of nicotinamide and carbogen on parameters of the tumor microenvironment in liver metastases and subcutaneous tumors suggest that the host tissue influences the mechanism by which nicotinamide and carbogen exert their effects. Since tumor hypoxia may be a clinical problem in colorectal liver metastases, our results open possibilities for further research on the effect of hypoxia modifiers on colorectal liver metastases to improve therapy outcome.
New developments in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (2001)

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system plays a central role in control of cell surface proteolysis and extracellular matrix degradation. Components of this system are upregulated in a wide variety of human cancers and high levels of these proteins predict more rapid relapse and shorter survival. Recently, additional complexities in this system have been recognised, especially with regard to the roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the urokinase receptor (uPAR) and urokinase:uPAR complexes. PAI-1 has been shown to play a major role in the process of pathological angiogenesis. The uPAR is involved as a key player both in proteolysis and cellular adhesion, where it is both an adhesion receptor itself for vitronectin and interacts with and modifies signalling from integrins. In addition, binding of uPA to the receptor can induce intracellular signalling via a number of different pathways, including integrins and G proteins. These new developments lead to a number of novel targets for drug discovery beyond better established enzyme inhibitors and receptor antagonists.
An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae (or Cow‐pox. 1798) (2016)

Few papers have had a greater impact on the health of the human species than the simple, yet elegant, observations and clinical trials of Edward Jenner with what was at the time called the Cow Pox. In fact, this was a naturally attenuated rodent (probably rat) pox that could infect horses and, through farriers and farm hands, dairy cattle. While commonly called the Cow Pox at the time, Jenner's transmission studies between humans used infectious materials from horses. His methods provided protection from the serious effects of smallpox infections. In 1977, smallpox was considered to be eradicated, although people continue to be infected by pox viruses from other mammalian species. We consider this to be our 'favorite historical paper' because it emphasizes careful clinical observation followed by relatively simple clinical testing can have a profound influence on human health, even when almost nothing is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Continued follow-up with strict attention to detail resulted in a crude but effective way to deal with an epidemic, methods still used today for containing infectious diseases.
Epidemiology and in vitro susceptibility of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (1996)

From the Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA. Address for reprints: Peter C. Appelbaum, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Hershey Medical Center, Rm-H-5306-A, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033. Fax 717-531-7953.
First‐in‐human phase 2 trial with mite allergoids coupled to mannan in subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy (2022)

PM-HDM immunotherapy was safe and successful in achieving primary and secondary clinical outcomes in SC and SL at either 3000 or 5000 mTU/ml.
VIBRATIONAL BENDING MODES METROLOGY IN THE 670-720 <span class="roman">cm</span><sup>&#8722;1</sup>RANGE (2021)

We introduce a comb-referenced optical spectrometer operating in the long-wavelength (LW) part of the mid-infrared (MIR) region. It is based on an innovative laser source based on difference frequency generation between two MIR lasers, namely a cw DFB-QCL and a CO$_{2}$ laser, which produces widely tunable light from 12.1 to 14.8 $\\mu$m with optical power up to 110 $\\mu$W and MHz-level linewidth. We exploit it to give the first evidence of bending modes metrology in this region, with the assessment of several CO$_{2}$-based frequency benchmarks with uncertainties down to 30 kHz, and the accurate study of the $\\nu$$_{11}$ band of benzene, which is a significant testbed for the resolution of the spectrometer. These results foster optical metrology in a region not explored so far and pave the way for accurate rotationally-resolved studies of the energy structure of large molecules, such as aromatic hydrocarbons.
Simulation the gas simultaneous adsorption over natural and modified zeolite (2015)

Adsorption is of great importance. The unique advantage of adsorption over other separation methods is the higher selectivity that can be achieved by adsorbents. In addition, adsorption phenomena play a vital role in many solid-state reactions and biological mechanisms. In this work, the adsorption process of CO2 on the clinoptilolite (Skorynskoho field, Transcarpathian region, Ukraine) and SO2, NO, and CO2 adsorption on K2CO3-modified – γ -alumina in a fixed-bed reactor were theoretical studied and simulated by computer-mathematic methods. The developed mathematical model based on the mass balance in gas and solid phase, the experimental saturation capacities, considering the activity of the adsorbent with respect to the gas by variable coefficients. The model presented by a normal linear system of differential equations with variable coefficients, it was solved by Taylor collocation method. The simulation shows that the data obtained by theoretical study are in agreement with data obtained in the simulation. According to Fisher Criterion the mathematic model adequate in 90 % for modified zeolite and in 75 % for natural zeolite, it can be explained by unordered structure of the natural zeolite. It follows that the offered model adequately describes the dynamics simultaneous adsorption of gases over zeolites. Thus even with a large number of simplifications and assumptions, it is possible to construct efficient mathematical model that can be used in exhaust system. The results indicate that, there is great sense to conduct further researches and simulations to reach the industrial level.