gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wearable, wireless sensor platform for occupational radiation dosimetry applications (2015)

Presented is a low-power wireless ionizing radiation monitoring circuit intended to be worn for occupational dosimetry. The sensor element is a custom MOS capacitor which traps holes in proportion to the amount of ionizing radiation detected, thus permanently causing a lateral shift in the CV-curve (toward more negative threshold voltage). The circuit measures the capacitance value of several redundant sensors at a given voltage in the depletion region, records this value over time and occasionally transmits the stored values to a base station. The 32 mm × 46 mm circuit utilizes a Nordic nRF51422 system-on-chip with a S310 SoftDevice to form a Bluetooth connection. From the change in capacitance, the dose that has been delivered can be determined. Measurement resolution is approximately 0.1 mSv (10 mRem), making this a viable technology for occupational dosimetry.
Fine structure of the human FMR1 gene (1993)

The fragile X syndrome is due to a CGG triplet expansion in the first exon of FMR1, resulting in hypermethylation and extinction of gene expression. To further our understanding of the gene's involvement in the syndrome, we report the physical structure of this locus. A high resolution restriction map of the FRAX(A) locus has been prepared encompassing approximately 50 kb. Using exon-exon PCR and restriction analysis, the FMR1 gene has been determined to consist of 17 exons spanning 38 kb of Xq27.3. Each intron-exon boundary has been sequenced. In general, the splice donors and acceptors located in the 5' portion of the gene demonstrate greater adherence to consensus than those in the 3' end, providing a possible explanation for the finding of alternative splicing in FMR1. The elucidation of the exon composition of the FMR1 gene and its flanking region will enhance detection of coding sequence mutations possible in fragile X phenocopy individuals.
First Demonstration of Rectifying Property of P-I-N Heterojunctions Fabricated by Tri-Layered Semiconducting Oxides (1999)

We have fabricated semiconducting oxide p-i-n diodes in order to explore minority carrier injection effects in oxide materials. The diodes comprised p -La 0.85 Sr 0.15 MnO 3 / i -SrTiO 3 / n -La 0.05 Sr 0.95 TiO 3 . All oxide layers were grown epitaxially by the eclipse pulsed laser deposition method on (100) SrTiO 3 substrates. The diodes showed good rectifying properties, and from the flat-band capacitance measurement, we obtained a diffusion potential of about 0.2 V for these diodes in agreement with the calculated results. In the lower temperature regime, the space-charge-limited-current property was pronounced, arising from residual traps inside the i -SrTiO 3 layer. The backward current was mostly due to tunneling through the i -SrTiO 3 layer, showing no meaningful expansion of depletion regions in both p - and n -oxide layers.
Examination of mass and modulus contributions to thickness shear mode and surface acoustic wave vapour sensor responses using partition coefficients (1997)

New data are reported on vapour sorption by four different polymer thin films on thickness shear mode (TSM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The polymers examined were poly(isobutylene), PIB, poly(epichlorohydrin), PECH, poly(butadiene), PBD, and poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS. The test vapours for the TSM sensor experiments were benzene, toluene, hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride and butan-2-one, tested at several concentrations from P/P0=ca. 0.03 to 0.64. Measurements on the TSM devices using oscillators were complemented with measurements by impedance analysis. Acoustic wave sensor data were converted to apparent partition coefficients calculated assuming the response was due to mass-loading only. Values derived from SAW and TSM measurements were compared with one another, and with other partition coefficient data determined by non-acoustic wave techniques. It was found that TSM devices coated with PIB, PECH, and PBD (film thickness <1 µm) behaved as gravimetric sensors at low vapour concentrations. The PDMS-coated TSM sensor displayed significant losses and unusual behaviour suggestive of other effects. SAW sensors with PIB and PECH films gave responses indicating that modulus effects were contributing to the response, in addition to mass-loading effects. This enhancement appeared to be at least a factor of two, suggesting the mass-loading accounted for ca. 50% of the SAW response. The responses of PBD and PDMS-coated SAW devices were not enhanced relative to the expected mass-loading responses. Differences in behaviour among the test polymers on SAW devices are discussed in terms of the differing viscoelastic properties of these materials.
Uncoupling of early signal transduction events from effector function in human peripheral blood neutrophils in response to recombinant macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 alpha and -1 beta (1993)

Macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 (MIP-1) alpha and beta are members of the C-C branch of the platelet factor 4 superfamily of cytokines, recently designated the "chemokine" superfamily. It has been suggested that the major cellular targets for the biologic activities of the C-C chemokines are the mononuclear leukocytes. However, the original designation of murine MIP-1 proteins as inflammatory mediators was based on suggestions that they activated neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis, the respiratory burst, and degranulation. In this study, we have evaluated the ability of human (Hu) MIP-1 alpha and beta to affect purified human neutrophil function. Although both rHuMIP-1 alpha and -1 beta stimulated significant calcium mobilization in human monocytes, only HuMIP-1 alpha exerted a detectable effect on neutrophils. HuMIP-1 alpha stimulated a small, dose-dependent increase in intracellular calcium, which was accompanied by a simultaneous change in right-angle light scatter, the latter indicating induction of shape change. While the effect of HuMIP-1 alpha on calcium mobilization in neutrophils was small when compared with that elicited by IL-8 or Gro alpha, it had similar characteristics to that by other receptor-dependent neutrophil agonists in that it was dependent on pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and on both mobilization of calcium from intracellular sources as well as influx from the extracellular environment. In addition, stimulation of neutrophils with HuMIP-1 alpha led to desensitization to subsequent additions of HuMIP-1 alpha. The stimulatory effect of HuMIP-1 alpha on neutrophil calcium mobilization and shape change was not coupled to other standard measures of neutrophil effector function. For instance, neither HuMIP-1 alpha nor -1 beta had any detectable stimulatory effect on the Na+/H+ antiport, degranulation, actin polymerization, or chemotaxis. Moreover, although HuMIP-1 alpha binding could easily be measured on monocytes or monocytic cell lines, the number of sites were too few to characterize on neutrophils by the same technique. Taken together, these results show that neither HuMIP-1 alpha nor -1 beta stimulate significant neutrophil activation and support the concept that the biologic effects of members of the C-C branch of the platelet factor 4 superfamily are not primarily directed toward neutrophils.
Low-latency video transmission over lossy packet networks using rate-distortion optimized reference picture selection (2003)

Today's Internet video streaming systems employ buffering and multiple retransmissions to guarantee the correct reception of each packet, which leads to high latency in media delivery. In this work, a novel scheme of dynamic management of the dependency across packets is proposed using optimal reference picture selection at the frame level that adapts to the channel. The optimal selection of the reference picture is achieved with a rate-distortion framework, which minimizes the expected end-to-end distortion given a rate constraint. The expected distortion is calculated based on an accurate binary tree modeling with the effects of channel loss and error concealment taken into account. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed :scheme provides significant performance gains over a simple INTRA-insertion scheme. The increased error-resilience eliminates the need of retransmission, which makes it possible to reduce the latency from 10-15 seconds to a few hundred milliseconds, with similar video quality maintained.
Dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes as a Pharmacophore. Retinoidal Antagonists and Potential Agonists. (1999)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of the first dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (carborane) derivatives of retinoids are described. Their retinoidal activity were examined in terms of the differentiation-inducing ability toward human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. High retinoidal activity (agonist or antagonist for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) requires a carboxylic acid moiety and an appropriate hydrophobic group located at a suitable position on the molecule. The 4-carboranyl-substituted compounds (7, 11) showed antagonistic activity but no agonistic activity even in the presence of the potent synergist HX630. On the other hand, the 3-carboranyl-substituted compounds (8, 12) showed potential agonistic activity, but no antagonistic activity. The results indicates that carboranes are applicable as the hydrophobic moiety of biologically active molecules.
Non‐Oxido Mixed‐Valence MnII6MnIII4 Cluster with Benzoate, Triethanolamine and Phosphonate Bridging Ligands (2010)

Abstract The synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a new non‐oxido mixed‐valence decanuclear heterometallic manganese cluster [K 3 Mn 10 (PhCOO) 10 (PhPO 3 ) 2 (Htea) 6 ](PhCOO) · 6MeCN} n ( 1 ), where Htea 2– is the dianion of triethanolamine, is reported. Compound 1 can be regarded as an analogue of 24‐metallacrown‐10, acting as a host for three potassium ions. The resulting {Mn 10 } cage crystallises as a cation; benzoate anions link the cages into a 1D polymer within the crystal. Direct current magnetic susceptibility measurements were collected at temperatures between 1.8 and 300 K and applied magnetic fields of 1 and 10 kG. The room‐temperature value is very close to the spin‐only value of 38.25 cm 3 mol –1 K expected for an Mn 10 ‐cage repeat unit comprising six Mn II and four Mn III ions. At 2 K and 70 kG the magnetisation reaches a value of 19.5 Nμ B , suggesting a ground state larger than S = 10.
Protecting individuals' interests in electronic commerce protocols (2000)

Commerce transactions are being increasingly conducted in cyberspace. We not only browse through on-line catalogs of products, but also shop, bank, and hold auctions on-line. The general goal of this research is to answer questions such as: What electronic commerce protocols try to achieve? What they must achieve? And how they achieve it? My thesis in this dissertation is that: 1) In electronic commerce transactions where participants have different interests to preserve, protection of individual interests is a concern of the participants, and should be guaranteed by the protocols; and 2) A protocol should protect a participant's interests whenever the participant behaves according to the protocol and trusted parties behave as trusted. In this dissertation, we propose a formal definition of protection of individual interests and a framework in which protocols can be analyzed with respect to this property. Our definition is abstract and general, and can be instantiated to a wide range of electronic commerce protocols. In our framework, we model electronic commerce systems as state machines, make trust assumptions part of protocol specifications, and distinguish executions by deviation modes. We specify and analyze three protocols using this framework. Our analysis uses standard mathematical techniques. We found protocol weaknesses that have not been found before.
Fiber Optic Star Coupler for a 32-Terminal Data Bus System (1981)

A 64-port transmissive fiber optic star coupler that displays an excess loss of 5.2 2.7 dB is described. Design and fabrication are discussed and performance data are presented. A passive optical attenuator is incorporated into the coupler to permit adjustments for greater uniformity. The manufacturability is also considered.
A study of the binding between polymers and peptides, using affinity capillary electrophoresis, applied to polymeric drug delivery systems (2002)

We have investigated the potential of affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) to evaluate binding constants between an anionic polydispersed polymer and four peptides. Nonlinear regression and three current linearization methods, the y-reciprocal, the x-reciprocal and the double-reciprocal, were employed for the estimation of the binding constants. The x-reciprocal and the double-reciprocal plots indicated the presence of two portions of straight lines for angiopeptin, triptorelin and the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and therefore the probable existence of a second-order interaction which causes the deviation from the 1:1 model. Peptide 1 exhibited a unique binding constant of 2.4 x 10(6)M(-1). In contrast, angiopeptin, triptorelin and TRH exhibited a K(1) of 4.0 x 10(6), 5.3 x 10(6) and 20.2 x 10(6)M(-1), respectively, and a K(2) of 0.4 x 10(6), 0.5 x 10(6) and 1.4 x 10(6)M(-1), respectively. The origin of the high scattering of the data points was further investigated. Neither the viscosity, nor the adsorption of the peptides to the capillary wall appeared to be the determining factor of data scattering. Finally, a possible adsorption of the polymer leading to the electroosmotic flow instability was supposed.
Diet and cholesteremia (1977)

The statistical correlation between elevated serum cholesterol levels and increased risk of coronary heart disease has channeled thinking towards regarding dietary fat and cholesterol as the principal causes of hypercholesteremia. Since 1909 there have been a number of changes in nutrient availability in the United States. Protein availability is unchanged but the ratio of animal to vegetable protein rose from 1.06 in 1909 to 2.37 in 1972. Fat availability has risen by 26% with the ratio of animal to vegetable fat falling from 4.88 in 1909 to 1.64 in 1972. A review of available data indicates that amount and type of protein may affect cholesteremia and atherosclerosis in experimental animals. Soy protein is less cholesteremic than casein but the extent of difference can be affected by the type of carbohydrate. In a semipurified, cholesterol-free diet, saturated fat exerts an atherogenic effect but unsaturated fat does not. No atherogenicity is evident when saturated fat is added to laboratory ration. In the semipurified diet, fructose is more atherogenic than glucose, and casein is more atherogenic then soy protein. The latter difference can be virtually eliminated if alfalfa replaces cellulose as the dietary fiber. The data suggest that all elements of the diet interact and can affect cholesteremia and atherosclerosis. These effects must be considered in the planning of dietary intervention trials.
Fragmentation phenomena in populations of magmatic crystals (2005)

Fragmentation of crystals is an important mechanism, and a component of particle dynamics in igneous and metamorphic rocks that has received surprisingly little attention. Recent advances in textural analysis, extraction techniques, digital imaging, and computer-assisted measurements enable rapid accumulation of 3D data on particle shapes and size distributions. This paper reviews fragment size distributions (FSD) that result from fragmentation: lognormal, fractal, loggamma, and Weibull; discusses their genesis mechanisms; and presents relevant examples of fragmentation from experimental physics. Next, the paper considers FSDs of feldspars on digitized images of thin sections and on published images, and quartz extracted from vesicular pumice by acid from eight well-known large-volume eruptive units. The acid solution of pumice enables examination of volume abundance, 3D shapes, proportions of fragmented crystals, and measurements of their CSDs and FSDs. FSDs were also measured in samples of welded tuff and a granite disaggregated by electric pulse. Products of syneruptive shock wave fragmentation, and fragmentation by an electric pulse are found to be fractal with large breakage probabilities, branching ratios, and fractal dimensions of 2 to 3. In contrast, most quartz fragments in pumice obey a lognormal distribution and fragmentation is driven by a melt inclusion decrepitation mechanism, which results in low breakage probability and small number (2−3) of fragments per breakage cycle. These results are consistent with one atmosphere heating experiments of quartz phenocrysts that led to melt inclusion decrepitation and caused quartz to break up into several smaller pieces collectively having lognormal FSD. Measured melt inclusion size distributions suggest decrepitation of outermost melt inclusions, and low survival rate for large inclusions, and inclusions with large radius/crystal size ratio. The modeling of periodic fragmentation of crystals with melt inclusions due to overheating and/or decompression, which may occur many times during the lifetime of a long-lived magma body, may explain concave-down, lognormal CSDs abundant in igneous rocks. The genesis of lognormality can be explained by the fragmentation algorithm of Kolmogorov (1941). Other algorithms may generate lognormal-like loggamma distributions. Fragmentation serves as an important size limiting factor, a nucleation aid, and it facilitates isotopic and trace elemental exchange.
Stakeholders' attitudes about surgical castration and alternatives (2008)

Session 14 : Workshop - Piglet castration and its alternatives
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (1992)

Diarrhea is clearly one of the most common side effects encountered with antimicrobial treatment. Virtually all drugs with an antibacterial spectrum of activity have been implicated, although there are definite differences in associated incidence rates that appear to depend on spectrum of activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Most cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea can be classified in two categories: cases in which Clostridium difficile is implicated and cases in which no putative agent or recognized pathophysiological mechanism is clearly established. This review is intended to provide management guidelines for patients with diarrhea that occurs in association with antibacterial agents.
Tuning Selectivity of CO2 Hydrogenation Reactions at the Metal/Oxide Interface (2017)

The chemical transformation of CO<sub>2</sub> not only mitigates the anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emission into the Earth's atmosphere but also produces carbon compounds that can be used as precursors for the production of chemicals and fuels. The activation and conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> can be achieved on multifunctional catalytic sites available at the metal/oxide interface by taking advantage of the synergy between the metal nanoparticles and oxide support. Herein, we look at the recent progress in mechanistic studies of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to C1 (CO, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, and CH<sub>4</sub>) compounds on metal/oxide catalysts. On this basis, we are able to provide a better understanding of the complex reaction network, grasp the capability of manipulating structure and combination of metal and oxide at the interface in tuning selectivity, and identify the key descriptors to control the activity and, in particular, the selectivity of catalysts. Finally, we also discuss challenges and future research opportunities for tuning the selective conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> on metal/oxide catalysts.
Multimodal Detection and Tracking of Pedestrians in Urban Environments with Explicit Ground Plane Extraction (2008)

This paper presents a novel people detection and tracking method based on a combined multimodal sensor approach that utilizes 2D and 3D laser range and camera data. Laser data points are clustered and classified with a set of geometrical features using an SVM AdaBoost method. The clusters define a region of interest in the image that is adjusted using the ground plane information extracted from the 3D laser. In this areas a novel vision based people detector based on Implicit Shape Model (ISM) is applied. Each detected person is tracked using a greedy data association technique and multiple Extended Kalman Filters that use different motion models. This way, the filter can cope with a variety of different motion patterns. The tracker is asynchronously updated by the detections from the laser and the camera data. Experiments conducted in real-world outdoor scenarios with crowds of pedestrians demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Implementation and evaluation of a nurse-centered computerized potassium regulation protocol in the intensive care unit - a before and after analysis (2010)

Computerized potassium control, integrated with the nurse-centered GRIP program for glucose regulation, is effective and reduces the prevalence of hypo- and hyperkalemia in the ICU compared with physician-driven potassium regulation.
When do only sources need to compute? On functional compression in tree networks (2009)

In this paper, we consider the problem of functional compression for an arbitrary tree network. Suppose we have k possibly correlated source processes in a tree network, and a receiver in its root wishes to compute a deterministic function of these processes. Other nodes of this tree (called intermediate nodes) are allowed to perform some computations to satisfy the node's demand. Our objective is to find a lower bound on feasible rates for different links of this tree network (called a rate lower bound) and propose a coding scheme to achieve this rate lower bound in some cases. The rate region of functional compression problem has been an open problem. However, it has been solved for some simple networks under some special conditions. For instance, Doshi et al. (2007) considered the rate region of a network with two transmitters and a receiver under a condition on source random variables. Here, we derive a rate lower bound for an arbitrary tree network based on the graph entropy. We introduce a new condition on colorings of source random variables' characteristic graphs called the coloring connectivity condition (C.C.C.). We show that unlike the condition mentioned in the work of Doshi et al. (2007), this condition is necessary and sufficient for any achievable coding scheme. We also show that unlike the entropy, the graph entropy does not satisfy the chain rule. For one stage trees with correlated sources, and general trees with independent sources, we propose a modularized coding scheme based on graph colorings to perform arbitrarily close to this rate lower bound. We show that in a general tree network case with independent sources, to achieve the rate lower bound, intermediate nodes should perform some computations. However, for a family of functions and RVs called coloring proper sets, it is sufficient to have intermediate nodes act like relays to perform arbitrarily close to the rate lower bound.
Research on motor with nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy stator cores (2020)

Abstract We built a prototype motor with NANOMET stator cores. NANOMET is one of the several nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys [1]. The motor iron loss and other characteristics of NANOMET were compared with 35A360, which is one of the widely used conventional electromagnetic steel sheets, and the effectiveness of the new material is shown. This paper describes the methods to build NANOMET stator cores, and presents the evaluation results of the prototype motor.