gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiota-Dependent Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Contributes to Cardiac Dysfunction in Western Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2017)

Excessive consumption of diets high in sugars and saturated fat, frequently known as western diet (WD), may lead to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence shows that WD-induced obesity impairs cardiac function, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite of specific dietary nutrients, has emerged as a key contributor to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that elevated circulating TMAO levels contribute to cardiac dysfunction in WD-induced obesity. CD1 mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a WD, without or with 1.0% 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, an inhibitor of trimethylamine formation) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Compared with mice fed a ND, mice fed a WD showed a significant increase in body weight and dyslipidemia, and had markedly higher plasma TMAO levels at the end of the feeding protocol. Echocardiography revealed that cardiac systolic and diastolic function was impaired in mice fed a WD. DMB treatment had no effects on body weight and dyslipidemia, but significantly reduced plasma TMAO levels and prevented cardiac dysfunction in mice fed a WD. In addition, mice fed a WD had elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin IL-1β, decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and increased interstitial fibrosis in the hearts, all of which were prevented by DMB treatment. Notably, DMB treatment also reduced plasma TMAO levels in mice fed a ND but did not alter other parameters. These results suggest that consumption of a WD increases circulating TMAO levels, which lead to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Interventions that reduce circulating TMAO levels may be a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of WD-induced cardiac dysfunction.
A novel solid state tunable micro lens (2007)

This study reports the current progress of the novel thermal-actuated tunable focal-length micro polymer (PDMS) lens. The prototype of solid state only tunable lens demonstrates a typical variation of focal length from 1852 mum to 1083 mum under a 60 mA driving current. Moreover, this study also demonstrates the capability to integrate the tunable polymer lens with other optical components such as the conventional and dual-focus Fresnel lens. The resulted compound (PDMS+Fresnel) lens reduced the focal-length of Fresnel lens from 13500 mum to 5038 mum. Moreover the focal-length of compound lens was further dropped to 3523 mum at 60 mA driving current. A dual-focus compound lens was also realized to reduce its focal-length from 8000 mum/4000 mum to 1343 mum/975 mum. The compound lens has potential to further perform beam shaping and remove aberrations.
Determination of optical properties of turbid media using pulsed photothermal radiometry (1992)

Pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) measures blackbody radiation emitted by a sample after absorption of an optical pulse. Three techniques for obtaining the absorption coefficient of absorbing-only, semi-infinite samples are examined and shown to give comparable results. An analytic theory for the time dependence of the PPTR signal in semi-infinite scattering and absorbing media has been derived and tested in a series of controlled gel phantoms. This theory, based on the diffusion approximation of the radiative transport equation, is shown to model the time course of the detected signal accurately. Furthermore, when the incident fluence is known, the theory can be used in a non-linear, two-parameter fitting algorithm to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of a turbid sample with an accuracy of 10-15% for transport albedos ranging from 0.42-0.88.
Lateral heating effects on the PVT growth process of Hg2Cl2crystals (2003)

Effects of lateral heating on flow profiles and growth rates during the growth of mercurous chloride crystals by the physical-vapour-transport process in vertical ampoules are investigated by a two-dimensional model. The growth conditions of an experimental study available in the open literature are simulated. Lateral thermal boundary condition is modelled by a spatially sinusoidal heat flux. The results of the present computations are in agreement with the earlier experimental results and indicate that an increase in the lateral heating rate can cause a significant decrease in the transport rate while the flow accelerates. In the case of flow bifurcations, the growth rates can become as low as in the case of convectionless flow conditions.
High-Efficiency Large Area Industrial LCP Selective Emitter Solar Cells Ready for Production (2010)

There are different technologies available for selective emitter (SE) formation for crystalline silicon wafer solar cells. While conventional approaches combine SE with screen-printing, Laser Chemical Processing (LCP) uses subsequent direct light-induced plating (LIP) to fully exploit the efficiency potential of Al-BSF solar cells. Using screen-printing instead of LIP with SE lowers the expected efficiency gain by at least a factor of 2. Thus SE technologies are sought that enable subsequent LIP. LCP offers fully flexibility for LIP as well as screen-printing metallization. This paper summarized the status of LCP + Ni-Ag-LIP processes. High efficiencies around 19% on mono Si are reached with large process windows for the LCP process. Also, first modules have been manufactured to demonstrate sufficient adhesion for module integration.
The grapevine metabolite profile of phloem sap is modified by flavescence dorée (2023)

Flavescence dorée (FD) has been recorded in French vineyards since the mid-1950s; it has rapidly become a major threat to vineyard survival in different European grape-growing areas. Infection by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’ causes leaf chlorosis and disturbs primary and secondary core metabolic pathways; it can also occlude sieve plates, therefore affecting normal solute transport through the phloem. Thus, in the present study we hypothesised that the metabolomic fingerprint of the phloem sap changes in FDp-infected vines. The metabolome of the phloem sap collected by centrifugation from the bark of the stem of healthy and infected vines (cv. ‘Loureiro’) was profiled by ESI-HRMS at two snapshot time points: E-L 33 (grape berry still hard and green) and E-L 38 (grape berry at maturity). An untargeted analysis of the phloem sap enabled the identification of 476 metabolites, whereas the targeted analysis focused on eight main classes, namely acids, sugar and polyols, amino acids, phenolic acids, hormones, vitamins and N compounds, as well as on several minor classes like fatty acids, phenols or diols. Depending on the developmental stage of the vine, major differences were observed in the composition of cv. ‘Loureiro’ phloem sap in response to FD infection in terms of sugar, organic acid and amino acid content; furthermore, compounds involved in plant defense, such as salicylic acid, ABA, vitamin C and gallic acid also significantly changed. Overall, these results have contributed towards increasing knowledge about the complex interactions between vine and FD phytoplasma.
Elektrisch leitfähige poröse Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindungen (2016)

Abstract Aufgrund ihrer strukturellen, chemischen und funktionellen Vielfalt werden Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindungen (MOFs) seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten für energierelevante Anwendungen erforscht. Bis vor kurzem mangelte es dabei aber an Anwendungen, für die ein guter Ladungstransport zusammen mit Porosität und einer großen Oberfläche erforderlich ist. Die meisten MOFs sind elektrische Isolatoren, und erst unlängst wurde für einige Materialien dieser Klasse ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfähigkeit und hohe Ladungsmobilität gefunden. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir eine Übersicht über synthetische und elektronische Designstrategien für Gerüste mit permanenter Porosität und Ladungstransport über große Distanzen. Ferner diskutieren wir wegweisende Experimente zum elektrischen Ladungstransport und ausgewählte Anwendungen für diese spezielle Unterklasse von MOFs.
Conversion of methane to acetonitrile over GaN catalysts derived from gallium nitrate hydrate co-pyrolyzed with melamine, melem, or g-C3N4: the influence of nitrogen precursors (2021)

The GaN catalyst derived from co-pyrolyzing gallium nitrate hydrate and g-C 3 N 4 is effective in the conversion of methane to acetonitrile because of its well dispersed GaN crystals and amorphous CN species.
Single-dot optical emission from ultralow density well-isolated InP quantum dots (2008)

We demonstrate a straightforward way to obtain single well-isolated quantum dots emitting in the visible part of the spectrum and characterize the optical emission from single quantum dots using this method. Self-assembled InP quantum dots are grown using gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy over a wide range of InP deposition rates, using an ultralow growth rate of about 0.01 atomic monolayers/s, a quantum-dot density of 1 dot/μm2 is realized. The resulting isolated InP quantum dots embedded in an InGaP matrix are individually characterized without the need for lithographical patterning and masks on the substrate. Such low-density quantum dots show excitonic emission at around 670 nm with a linewidth limited by instrument resolution. This system is applicable as a single-photon source for applications such as quantum cryptography.
Absence of the human retinoblastoma gene product in the megakaryoblastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (1991)

The human retinoblastoma gene (RB) product, which is involved in the control of cell cycle and tumor suppression, is constitutively expressed as a nuclear phosphoprotein in normal human cells. We examined leukemic cells from 22 patients with blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) for alterations of the RB expression. Western blotting and flow cytometry with anti-RB-protein antibodies showed that all of five cases with megakaryoblastic crisis lacked the expression of the RB-encoded protein, whereas none of 17 cases with the other phenotypes such as myeloblastic or lymphoblastic crisis showed any abnormality. These findings suggest that megakaryoblastic transformation of CML might be lineage-specifically associated with loss of the RB protein.
Penalty-Free Transmission of 127-Gb/s Coherent PM-QPSK over 1500-km of NDSF with 10 Cascaded 50-GHz ROADMs (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate penalty-free transmission of 127-Gb/s coherent PM-QPSK through a cascade of ten commercial 50-GHz WSS over 1500-km NDSF. Simulation results show that cascades of 40 such 50-GHz liquid-crystal based ROADMs is feasible.
The correlation between the hyperacusis questionnaire and uncomfortable loudness levels is dependent on emotional exhaustion (2012)

The results emphasize the need to take other factors, such as emotional exhaustion (long-term stress), into consideration when assessing hyperacusis with a questionnaire.
Acute resistance exercise activates MAP kinase signaling in skeletal muscle of overweight women (2007)

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways are responsive to exercise and function to regulate substrate selection and numerous other cellular processes. Recent evidence suggests that excessive rates of intramuscular lipid storage may alter basal MAP kinase signaling. However, it is unknown if high rates of lipid availability alter the MAP kinase signaling response to exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was examine the influence of acute resistance exercise (RE) on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), stress activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 in women with high body fatness. Six overweight women with a high percent body fat (age 29±3 yr, BMI 28±3 kg/m2, body fat 38±4%) performed 6 sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension exercise at 70% 1RM. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before, l min after (POST1), and 2 hrs after (POST2) exercise. Activation of ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38 were determined via western blotting. ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38 phosphorylation were increased (P<0.05) ~2–3-fold at POST1 and ERK1/2 remained elevated and POST2 whereas SAPK/JNK and p38 returned to basal levels. These data suggest that high levels of body fatness do not impair the MAP kinase signaling response to exercise.
Sedimentation and electrophoretic migration of DNA knots and catenanes (1998)

Various site-specific recombination enzymes produce different types of knots or catenanes while acting on circular DNA in vitro and in vivo. By analysing the types of knots or links produced, it is possible to reconstruct the order of events during the reaction and to deduce the molecular "architecture" of the complexes that different enzymes form with DNA. Until recently it was necessary to use laborious electron microscopy methods to identify the types of knots or catenanes that migrate in different bands on the agarose gels used to analyse the products of the reaction. We reported recently that electrophoretic migration of different knots and catenanes formed on the same size DNA molecules is simply related to the average crossing number of the ideal representations of the corresponding knots and catenanes. Here we explain this relation by demonstrating that the expected sedimentation coefficient of randomly fluctuating knotted or catenated DNA molecules in solution shows approximately linear correlation with the average crossing number of ideal configurations of the corresponding knots or catenanes.
Effect of Fatty Acid Polyunsaturation on Synthesis and Properties of Emulsion Polymers Based on Plant Oil-Based Acrylic Monomers (2022)

This study demonstrated that polymerization behavior of plant oil-based acrylic monomers (POBMs) synthesized in one-step transesterification reaction from naturally rich in oleic acid olive, canola, and high-oleic soybean oils is associated with a varying mass fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acid fragments (linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acid esters) in plant oil. Using miniemulsion polymerization, a range of stable copolymer latexes was synthesized from 60 wt.% of each POBM and styrene to determine the impact of POBM chemical composition (polyunsaturation) on thermal and mechanical properties of the resulted polymeric materials. The unique composition of each plant oil serves as an experimental tool to determine the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid fragments on POBM polymerization behavior and thermomechanical properties of crosslinked films made from POBM-based latexes. The obtained results show that increasing polyunsaturation in the copolymers results in an enhanced crosslink density of the latex polymer network which essentially impacts the mechanical properties of the films (both Young's modulus and toughness). Maximum toughness was observed for crosslinked latex films made from 50 wt.% of each POBM in the monomer feed.
Clinical Observations of Effects on Central Nervous System in Patients With Acute Facial Palsy (1987)

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with acute unilateral facial palsy were examined with special reference to clinical signs of central nervous system involvement. The clinical investigation in the acute stage of the disease showed that only seven patients had solitary facial nerve dysfunction, while the remaining patients had evidence of more widespread disease involvement. The most frequent finding was a trigeminal dysfunction of the paretic side, as shown by paresthesia and sensibility disturbance corresponding to the sensoritrigeminal area, as well as a dysfunction of the trigeminal component of the corneal reflex of the paretic side. Three patients showed migrating symptoms that were suggestive of a brain-stem disorder. In addition, four patients had an optic neuropathy, while an abnormal brain-stem audiometry response was demonstrated in five patients. The outcome of acute facial palsy one to two years after onset, however, could not be predicted from the clinical central nervous system signs. The degree of the palsy in the acute stage of the disease still seemed to be one of the most important prognostic factors. It is concluded that acute facial palsy is not a single entity, but rather a feature of different neurologic conditions.
Optical waveguiding in a single-crystal layer of germanium silicon grown on silicon (1990)

Low-loss waveguiding at lambda = 1.3 microm has been observed in a partially strained, 10-microm-thick, single-crystal layer of Ge(0.1)Si(0.9) grown by chemical-vapor deposition upon an intrinsic (100) silicon substrate. The TM-mode propagation loss in the multimode planar guide was 1.9 dB/cm.
Elevated Expression of Retinoic Acid Receptor-α (RARα) in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinomas as Detected by Immunohistochemistry (1997)

Retinoids modulate gene activity, cell growth and differentiation by binding to a series of nuclear receptors, i.e., retinoic acid receptors (RARs) or retinoid X receptors. Retinoic acid (RA) inhibition of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast carcinoma seems to be mediated through RAR alpha. Estrogens upregulate RAR alpha in ER-positive breast carcinoma cell lines. In this study we examined RAR alpha expression in the ER-positive MCF7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cell lines as well as in 10 ER-negative and 9 ER-positive infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma specimens using immunohistochemistry and quantitation by image cytometry. MCF7 cells expressed twofold higher levels of RAR alpha protein than MDA-MB-231 cells. RAR alpha expression, as detected by immunostaining and quantitated by image cytometry, was upregulated in these cells by estradiol. ER-positive breast carcinoma specimens also exhibited approximately two-fold higher RAR alpha levels than their ER-negative counterparts. Thus, RAR alpha expression is significantly elevated in ER-positive breast tumors as assessed by detection and quantitation using immunohistochemical staining and image cytometry, respectively. Whether the decrease in RAR alpha protein levels and loss of RA-mediated growth inhibition in ER-negative tumor plays a role in the increased metastatic potential of ER-negative tumors remains to be determined.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell and Battery Powered Rail Vehicles (2021)

Fuel cell system has broad prospects of application for vehicles due to its zero-emission property. This paper focuses on energy management strategies (EMS) for hybrid rail vehicles powered by fuel cells and batteries on remote non-electrified routes. One of the core issues of hybrid rail vehicles is the power distribution to achieve the fuel economy and the battery's charge sustaining. Due to reinforcement learning's (RL) model-free feature, it is regarded as a novel method to obtain EMS without prior knowledge as a prerequisite. In this paper, twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) reinforcement learning is introduced to solve the energy management problems. The TD3 agent is trained in a stochastic training environment considering passenger flows using the measured data from real rail routes. Subsequently, a new reward function term concerning the battery's charge sustaining is introduced, which leads to a good performance in terms of convergence. Finally, the TD3-based EMS is validated and compared with a benchmark result. The results indicate that the TD3-based EMS can achieve near-optimal hydrogen consumption without prior knowledge of driving cycles.
Resolution of Chronic Hepatitis B after Ritonavir Treatment in an HIV-Infected Patient (1999)

To the Editor: Dr. Darouiche and colleagues (Jan. 7 issue) 1 conclude that the use of central venous catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin is associated with a lower rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection than the use of catheters impregnated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine. They defined a catheter-related bloodstream infection by the isolation of the same organism from the vascular catheter and from peripheral blood in a patient with sepsis and no other apparent source of bloodstream infection. However, residual antimicrobial activity in the removed catheter sufficient to prevent growth from the cultured catheter segments would substantially reduce the apparent rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections (since a catheter-related bloodstream infection cannot occur on the basis of this definition if no growth is recorded from the cultured catheter segments).
Partial Orientation of Oxidized and Reduced Cytochromeb5at High Magnetic Fields:  Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy Contributions and Consequences for Protein Solution Structure Determination (1998)

The backbone 15N−1H 1J values have been measured for oxidized and reduced cytochrome b5 at 500 and 800 MHz. Their field dependence, due to increasing partial orientation of the molecule in solution at high magnetic fields, provides structural constraints relative to the orientation of the NH bond vector with respect to the principal directions of the molecular susceptibility tensor. The constraints have been used in a distance geometry algorithm together with the NOE constraints and with or without pseudocontact shifts constraints. The three sets of constraints are found to be consistent with one another, and their relative contribution to the definition of the structure depends on the number of constraints and their assigned weight. The orientation-dependent 15N−1H 1J values provide the principal directions and anisotropies of the molecular or overall magnetic susceptibility tensor, χmol. The χmol parameters obtained for the oxidized form differ from those for the diamagnetic reduced form essentially by the magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic ion, whose anisotropy is responsible for the occurrence of pseudocontact shifts. The χmol tensor of the paramagnetic form displays a sizable rhombic anisotropy, thus permitting the full assessment of the orientation of individual amide vectors in the molecular axes frame.
Thermodynamic description of the near- and far-field intensity patterns emerging from multimode nonlinear waveguide arrays (2022)

Nonlinear highly multimode photonic systems are ubiquitous in optics. Yet, the sheer complexity arising from the action of nonlinearity in multimode environments has posed theoretical challenges in describing these systems. In this work, we deploy concepts from optical thermodynamics to investigate the near- and far-field emission intensity patterns emerging from nonlinear waveguide arrays. An exact equation dictating the response of a nonlinear array is derived in terms of the system's invariants that act as extensive thermodynamic variables. In this respect, the near- and far-field characteristics emerging from a weakly nonlinear waveguide lattice are analytically addressed. We show that statistically, these patterns and the resulting far-field brightness are governed by the optical temperature and its corresponding chemical potential. The extensivity associated with the entropy of such configurations is discussed. The thermodynamic results presented here were found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations obtained from nonlinear coupled-mode theory.