gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of e+e−→π0π0ψ(3686) at s from 4.009 to 4.600 GeV and observation of a neutral charmoniumlike structure (2018)

Using ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at center-of-mass energies ($\sqrt{s}$) from 4.009 to 4.600 GeV, the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\psi}(3686)$ is studied for the first time. The corresponding Born cross sections are measured and found to be half of those of the reaction ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\psi}(3686)$. This is consistent with the expectation from isospin symmetry. Furthermore, the Dalitz plots for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\psi}(3686)$ are accordant with those of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\psi}(3686)$ at all energy points, and a neutral analog to the structure in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\psi}(3686)$ around $4040\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ first observed at $\sqrt{s}=4.416\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ is observed in the isospin neutral mode at the same energy.
Type 1 Diabetes in Autoimmune Syndromes (2003)

Two fundamentally different autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) are generally recognized, and type 1 diabetes mellitus is common in both (see Table 1). APS type 1 (APS-1) or autoimmune polyendocrinopathy—candidiasis—ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an autosomal recessive disease. It can often be diagnosed by clinical criteria (presence of mucocutaneous candidiasis and/or hypoparathyroidism, which do not occur in APS-2) or by DNA analysis.
Copper Active Sites in Biology (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCopper Active Sites in BiologyEdward I. Solomon*, David E. Heppner, Esther M. Johnston, Jake W. Ginsbach, Jordi Cirera, Munzarin Qayyum, Matthew T. Kieber-Emmons, Christian H. Kjaergaard, Ryan G. Hadt, and Li TianView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 7, 3659–3853Publication Date (Web):March 3, 2014Publication History Received17 June 2013Published online3 March 2014Published inissue 9 April 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr400327thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr400327treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32519Altmetric-Citations1308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copper,Crystal structure,Ligands,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Machine Learning in the Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review (2020)

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication for people with diabetes. They result in increased morbidity and pressures on health system resources. Developments in machine learning (ML) offer an opportunity for improved care of individuals at risk of DFUs, to identify and synthesise evidence about the current uses and accuracy of ML in the interventional care and management of DFUs, and, to provide a reference for areas of future research. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines for papers involving ML and DFUs. In order to be included, studies needed to mention ML, DFUs, and report relevant outcome measures regarding ML algorithm accuracy. Bias in included studies was assessed using the quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy (QUADAS-2). 37 out of 3769 papers were included after applying eligibility criteria. Included papers reported accuracy measures for multiple types of ML algorithms in DFU studies. Whilst varying across the ML algorithm used, all studies reported at least 90% accuracy compared to gold standards using a minimum of one reported ML algorithm for processing or recording data. Applications where ML had positive effects on DFU data analysis and outcomes include image segmentation and classification, raw data analysis and risk assessment. ML offers an effective and accurate solution to guide analysis and procurement of data from interventions which are designed for the care of DFUs in small samples and study conditions. Current research is limited, and, for the development of more applicable ML algorithms, future research should address the following: direct comparison of ML applications with current standards of care, health economic analyses and large scale data collection. There is currently no evidence to confidently suggest that ML methods in DFU diagnosis are ready for implementation and use in healthcare settings.
The effect of Glc6P uptake and its subsequent oxidation within pea root plastids on nitrite reduction and glutamate synthesis (2007)

In roots, nitrate assimilation is dependent upon a supply of reductant that is initially generated by oxidative metabolism including the pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). The uptake of nitrite into the plastids and its subsequent reduction by nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) are potentially important control points that may affect nitrate assimilation. To support the operation of the OPPP there is a need for glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P) to be imported into the plastids by the glucose phosphate translocator (GPT). Competitive inhibitors of Glc6P uptake had little impact on the rate of Glc6P-dependent nitrite reduction. Nitrite uptake into plastids, using (13)N labelled nitrite, was shown to be by passive diffusion. Flux through the OPPP during nitrite reduction and glutamate synthesis in purified plastids was followed by monitoring the release of (14)CO(2) from [1-(14)C]-Glc6P. The results suggest that the flux through the OPPP is maximal when NiR operates at maximal capacity and could not respond further to the increased demand for reductant caused by the concurrent operation of NiR and GOGAT. Simultaneous nitrite reduction and glutamate synthesis resulted in decreased rates of both enzymatic reactions. The enzyme activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the enzyme supporting the first step of the OPPP, was induced by external nitrate supply. The maximum catalytic activity of G6PDH was determined to be more than sufficient to support the reductant requirements of both NiR and GOGAT. These data are discussed in terms of competition between NiR and GOGAT for the provision of reductant generated by the OPPP.
Optical Imaging of Apoptosis as a Biomarker of Tumor Response to Chemotherapy (2003)

A rapid and accurate assessment of the antitumor efficacy of new therapeutic drugs could speed up drug discovery and improve clinical decision making. Based on the hypothesis that most effective antitumor agents induce apoptosis, we developed a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) annexin V to be used for optical sensing of tumor environments. To demonstrate probe specificity, we developed both an active (i.e., apoptosis-recognizing) and an inactive form of annexin V with very similar properties (to account for nonspecific tumor accumulation), and tested the agents in nude mice each bearing a cyclophosphamide (CPA) chemosensitive (LLC) and a chemoresistant LLC (CR-LLC). After injection with active annexin V, the tumor-annexin V ratio (TAR; tumor NIRF/background NIRF) for untreated mice was 1.22+/-0.34 for LLC and 1.43+/-0.53 for CR-LLC (n=4). The LLC of CPA-treated mice had significant elevations of TAR (2.56+/-0.29, P=.001, n=4), but only a moderate increase was obtained for the CR-LLC (TAR=1.89+/-0.19, P=.183). The in vivo measurements correlated well with terminal deoxyribosyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling indexes. When inactive Cy-annexin V was used, with or without CPA treatment and in both CCL and CR-CCL tumors, tumor NIRF values ranged from 0.91 to 1.17 (i.e., tumor were equal to background). We conclude that active Cy-annexin V and surface reflectance fluorescence imaging provide a nonradioactive, semiquantitative method of determining chemosensitivity in LLC xenografts. The method maybe used to image pharmacologic responses in other animal models and, potentially, may permit the clinical imaging of apoptosis with noninvasive or minimally invasive instrumentation.
Assessing the correlation between mutant rhodopsin stability and the severity of retinitis pigmentosa. (2014)

There is a correlation between the stability of rhodopsin mutations and disease severity and levels of membrane-bound rhodopsin. Measuring membrane-bound rhodopsin with flow cytometry could improve prognoses for poorly characterized mutations and could provide a platform for measuring the effectiveness of treatments.
Functional Interaction between Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 gD and HVEM Transiently Dampens Local Chemokine Production after Murine Mucosal Infection (2011)

Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is one of two principal receptors mediating herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into murine and human cells. It functions naturally as an immune signaling co-receptor, and may participate in enhancing or repressing immune responses depending on the natural ligand used. To investigate whether engagement of HVEM by HSV affects the in vivo response to HSV infection, we generated recombinants of HSV-2(333) that expressed wild-type gD (HSV-2/gD) or mutant gD able to bind to nectin-1 (the other principal entry receptor) but not HVEM. Replication kinetics and yields of the recombinant strains on Vero cells were indistinguishable from those of wild-type HSV-2(333). After intravaginal inoculation with mutant or wild-type virus, adult female C57BL/6 mice developed vaginal lesions and mortality in similar proportions, and mucosal viral titers were similar or lower for mutant strains at different times. Relative to HSV-2/gD, percentages of HSV-specific CD8(+) T-cells were similar or only slightly reduced after infection with the mutant strain HSV-2/gD-Δ7-15, in all tissues up to 9 days after infection. Levels of HSV-specific CD4(+) T-cells five days after infection also did not differ after infection with either strain. Levels of the cytokine IL-6 and of the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL4 were significantly lower in vaginal washes one day after infection with HSV-2/gD compared with HSV-2/gD-Δ7-15. We conclude that the interaction of HSV gD with HVEM may alter early innate events in the murine immune response to infection, without significantly affecting acute mortality, morbidity, or initial T-cell responses after lethal challenge.
Goal-Directed Imitation in a Humanoid Robot (2006)

Our work aims at developing a robust discriminant controller for robot programming by demonstration. It addresses two core issues of imitation learning, namely “what to imitate” and “how to imitate”. This paper presents a method by which a robot extracts the goals of a demonstrated task and determines the imitation strategy that satisfies best these goals. The method is validated in a humanoid platform, taking inspiration of an influential experiment from developmental psychology.
Globalization of Healthcare (2012)

Globalization-the increasing transnational circulation of money, goods, people, ideas, and information worldwide-is generally recognized as one of the most powerful forces shaping our current and future history. How is it affecting healthcare, and in that context, what is the purpose and significance of Global Advances in Health and Medicine (GAHM), publisher of this journal? Our goal is not homogenization but rather to provide an opportunity for integration, convergence, and collaboration across cultures. By respecting and conserving the richness and diversity of each new medicine, we embrace globalization. Globalization is of course not new; it began in the Renaissance and particularly with the 15th- and 16th-century voyages of exploration by Columbus, Magellan, and others. Since the beginning of time, there have been interactions and exchanges among different peoples and cultures. However, the current magnitude of globalization is unprecedented and yet still expanding rapidly.
Delamination, synthesis, crystal structure and thermal properties of the layered metal-organic compound Zn(C12H14O4) (2008)

Zn(C12H14O4) was prepared by hydrothermal methods. The crystal structure was determined on the basis of high resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data. The crystal structure of Zn(C12H14O4) is monoclinic, space groupCc with a = 7.813 Å, b = 20.392 Å, c = 6.849 Å, β = 92.38°, V = 1090.295 Å3 and Z = 4. The compound is a metal organic layered structure (MOLS) where each of the layers is constructed on a basis of infinite chains of tetrahedrally coordinated Zn atoms. The Zn chain atoms are solely bound together by carboxylate groups. This represents an unusual structural feature. The compound has only weak van der Waals interactions between the layers. We have proved that delamination is feasible for this metal-organic compound in both ethanol and acetone. It represents an interesting material for potential restacking of delaminated materials into novel hybrid type nanocomposites.
Chemometrics (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemometricsBruce R. KowalskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 5, 112–122Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50055a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50055a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views590Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peripheral-Acting Benzodiazepines Inhibit the Growth of Human Melanoma Cells and Potentiate the Antiproliferative Activity of Recombinant Human Interferons (1990)

In this study, we evaluated the effect of a series of peripheral-acting benzodiazepines (BZDs), alone and in combination with recombinant human leukocyte (IFN-alpha A), fibroblast (IFN-beta), or immune (IFN-gamma) interferon (IFN), on the growth of human melanoma cells. Specific peripheral-acting BZDs caused a marked suppression in the proliferation of human melanoma cells. The effect on melanoma cell growth required 72 h exposure to the peripheral-acting BZDs and was not observed if the compounds were removed by 48 h. The relative potency of antiproliferative activity of a series of peripheral-acting BZDs on human melanoma cell growth did not correlate with the reported ability of these agents to bind to peripheral sites on the cell membrane of Friend erythroleukemia cells (FELC), nor did they correlate with the ability of these agents to inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation in FELC, induce differentiation in FELC, or inhibit neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-treated rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The growth of human melanoma cells was also inhibited by various recombinant human IFNs, with IFN-beta displaying greater antiproliferative activity than IFN-alpha A or IFN-gamma. When the peripheral-acting BZD Ro7-3351, which displays growth inhibitory properties when used alone, was combined with IFN, the antiproliferative activity of the combination was greater than either individual compound exerted independently. The combination of IFN-beta plus Ro7-3351 was more active in suppressing HO-1 melanoma cell growth than other IFN preparations in combination with this peripheral-type BZD. Even when combined with a peripheral-acting BZD, such as Ro5-4608, which displayed only marginal antiproliferative activity against human melanoma cells when applied alone, growth suppression of the combination of this peripheral-type BZD with all three types of IFNs was more than additive. These studies suggest that specific peripheral-acting BZDs, both alone and in combination with recombinant IFNs, display novel antiproliferative activity toward human melanoma cells which may involve a different genetic locus than previously observed in other model cell culture systems.
MOSFET subthreshold compact modeling with effective gate overdrive (2002)

In this work, a previously-proposed one-region MOSFET drain current (Id.) model is improved in the subthreshold modeling. The compact model is derived based on a first-principle drift-diffusion formulation with the correct drift and diffusion currents in strong inversion and subthreshold, respectively. The new model has only one fitting parameter for subthreshold slope and can ensure excellent continuity with smooth transition from subthreshold to strong-inversion regimes, including the moderate-inversion region of growing importance for low-voltage and low-power circuits.
A self-adaptive energy harvesting system (2016)

This paper reports on a self-adaptive energy harvesting system, which is able to adapt its eigenfrequency to the operating conditions of power units. The power required for frequency tuning is delivered by the energy harvester itself. The tuning mechanism is based on a magnetic concept and incorporates a circular tuning magnet and a coupling magnet. In this manner, both coupling modes (attractive and repulsive) can be utilized for tuning the eigenfrequency of the energy harvester. The tuning range and its center frequency can be tailored to the application by careful design of the spring stiffness and the gap between tuning magnet and coupling magnet. Experimental results demonstrate that, in contrast to a conventional non-tunable vibration energy harvester, the net power can be significantly increased if a self-adaptive system is utilized, although additional power is required for regular adjustments of the eigenfrequency. The outcome confirms that active tuning is a real and practical option to extend the operational frequency range and to increase the net power of a conventional vibration energy harvester.
An Automatic Analysis Framework of Detailed-level Software Fault Modes and Effects Based on Code Model (2021)

Manual software fault modes and effects analysis (SFMEA) often relies on the experience of software analysts, and has problems such as low accuracy, poor objectivity and low analysis efficiency. It is important to realize the automated analysis for SFMEA. This paper proposes a detailed-level SFMEA automatic analysis framework based on the code model according to the requirements of detailed-level SFMEA automated analysis. First, the general idea of the automatic analysis framework is given, and then the research solution of the construction of the software code model, the automatic identification of software faults, and the automatic analysis of the influence of software faults are explained, which provides the guidance for developing the automated tool of the detailed-level SFMEA.
Standardized Brain Tumor Imaging Protocol for Clinical Trials (2015)

We would like to alert the neuroradiology community to a recent publication in Neuro-Oncology [1][1] that describes a standardized brain tumor MR imaging protocol, which is expected to gain widespread use in multicenter clinical trials of glioblastoma therapy. Imaging is critical in the assessment
Pharmacogenomics of 4-Hydroxycoumarin Anticoagulants (2008)

Oral anticoagulants of the 4-hydroxycoumarin class, typified by warfarin, are used worldwide to treat thromboembolic disease. These drugs show the beneficial attributes of high efficacy and low cost, but patient management can be complicated by their narrow therapeutic index and wide inter-individual variability in dosing. Our understanding of the latter complication has improved significantly in recent years due to intense investigation of genetic factors influencing drug pharmacokinetics (CYP2C9) and pharmacodynamic response (VKORC1). In particular, the discovery of polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene that strongly impact oral anticoagulant dose has heightened expectations that genetic testing for a relatively small cadre of warfarin-response genes might substantially enhance patient care in this area, especially during the initiation phase of therapy. However, enthusiasm for genotype-based dosing of oral anticoagulants must be balanced against the ready availability of both a simple phenotypic test (prothrombin time) and an antidote to over-anticoagulation (vitamin K). Wide-spread acceptance of genetically based tests for establishing therapy with warfarin and its congeners will likely require additional evidence that such an approach offers protection against a variety of negative anticoagulation outcomes, especially severe bleeding, as well as offering utility across many racial populations. This article will review recent events in these and other related areas.
Relativistic vircator with an electromagnetic bandgap medium (2015)

Summary form only given. The virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) can be one of the most promising high-power microwave sources due to its conceptual simplicity, high-output power capability, and potential tunability. Microwaves can be generated when the current of an intense relativistic electron beam exceeds the space-charge-limiting current of the structure. In this case, a virtual cathode comprising an electrostatic potential barrier is formed. Some of the electrons in the virtual cathode lose their kinetic energy and are then reflected back toward the anode. The energy conversion efficiency of the vircator is known to be very low (single digit). In this work, an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material is investigated to increase the efficiency, to improve the tunability, and to extract the desired field structure at the output. The EBG structure follows a slot antenna concept, or more specifically, a leaky wave slot antenna. The slot array is cut at the waveguide wall to perturb the surface currents in a desired way. The fully electromagnetic, relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes (MAGIC and CST-PS) and the fully electromagnetic software tool ANSYS-HFSS were used in this study.