gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steps towards spatially resolved single molecule detection in solution (1997)

Spatially resolved single molecule detection in solution is a prerequisite for molecule tracking and provides new opportunities in single molecule manipulation, for example in a sample flow. A detector with fast timing properties and high spatial resolution is required for these purposes. We introduce a concept for spatially resolved optical single molecule detection in an epi-illuminated microscope using a novel kind of detector and a new algorithm in configurable hardware for intelligent data processing. The analysis is performed on a parallel hardware interface and includes burst detection. It can be extended to on-line spatial and temporal data analysis. This detector will be used in combination with a molecular sorter where molecules are sorted in a microstructured flow device made of silicon. In a first step towards such sorting in these microstructures, we show that a reliable detection of single molecules in silicon microstructures is possible in zero-dimensional detection volumes. The noise structure of the data is analysed in terms of Poissonian statistics and it is shown that in the smallest structure used (depth 20 μm) a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 is achieved.
Automatic problem extraction and analysis from unstructured text in IT tickets (2017)

IT services are extremely human labor intensive, and a key focus is to provide efficient services at low cost. Automation of repeatable IT tasks using software service agents that reduce human effort is therefore an important component of service management. A large fraction of the work done by IT service personnel involves troubleshooting of problems. However, the complexity of IT systems makes automated problem determination and resolution a challenging research problem. Using a database of prior customer problems and solutions, we build a system that extracts knowledge about different classes of problems arising in the IT infrastructure, mine problem linkages to recent system changes, and identify the resolution activities to mitigate problems. The system, at its core, uses data mining, machine learning, and natural language parsing techniques. By using extracted knowledge, one can (i) understand the kind of problems and the root causes affecting the IT infrastructure, (ii) proactively remediate the causes so that they no longer result in problems, and (iii) estimate the scope for automation for service management. In the future, a large cost differentiator for any IT company will often involve being able to build automated service agents from these technologies, which will result in a reduction in human effort.
A Ditopic Ion‐Pair Receptor Based on Stacked Nucleobase Quartets (2009)

Pass the salt, please! State-of-the-art computations indicate that the stacking complex of a guanine quartet and an adenine quartet (G(4)A(4)) can function as a potent ditopic receptor for NaCl in aqueous solution (see picture; Na(+), Cl(-) yellow, O red, N blue, C black, H white).
Pressure dependence of elastic moduli of tungsten carbide cermet (1973)

The elastic constants of a commercial tungsten carbide cermet (3% cobalt binder) were measured as a function of pressure at room temperature. As pointed out in a recent publication by Ruoff, the pressure dependence of the elastic constants affects the maximum possible pressure which a vessel can contain. This dependence is discussed in light of the present data.
Landmarks: Teleportation is not Science Fiction (2010)

Quantum teleportation, a means of transferring the identity of one particle to another over some distance, made its debut in Physical Review Letters in 1993.
The COBRA accelerator pulsed-power driver for Cornell/Sandia ICF research (2002)

This paper introduces and describes the new Cornell Beam Research Accelerator, COBRA, the result of a three and one-half year collaboration. The flexible 4 to 5-MV, 100 to 250-kA, 46-ns pulse width accelerator is based on a four-cavity inductive voltage adder (IVA) design. In addition to being a mix of new and existing components, COBRA is unique in the sense that each cavity is driven by a single pulse forming line, and the IVA output polarity may be reversed by rotating the cavities 180/spl deg/ about their vertical axis. Our tests with negative high voltage on the inner MITL stalk indicate that the vacuum power flow has established reasonable azimuthal symmetry within about 2 ns (or 0.6 m) after the cavity output gap. Preliminary results with the accelerator, single cavity, and MITL are presented along with the design details and circuit model predictions.
Resource Allocation Model Toward Seismic Water Pipeline Risk Mitigation Measures (2019)

Abstract History of earthquake’s damages have illustrated the high vulnerability and risks associated with failure of water transfer and distribution systems. Adequate mitigation plans to reduce such seismic risks are required for sustainable development. The first step in developing a mitigation plan is prioritizing the limited available budget to address the most critical mitigation measures. This paper presents an optimization model that can be utilized for financial resource allocation towards earthquake risk mitigation measures for water pipelines. It presents a framework that can be used by decision-makers (authorities, stockholders, owners and contractors) to structure budget allocation strategy for seismic risk mitigation measures such as repair, retrofit, and/or replacement of steel and concrete pipelines. A stochastic model is presented to establish optimal mitigation measures based on minimizing repair and retrofit costs, post-earthquake replacement costs, and especially earthquake-induced large losses. To consider the earthquake induced loss on pipelines, the indirect loss due to water shortage and business interruption in the industries which needs water is also considered. The model is applied to a pilot area to demonstrate the practical application aspects of the proposed model. Pipeline exposure database, built environment occupancy type, pipeline vulnerability functions, and regional seismic hazard characteristics are used to calculate a probabilistic seismic risk for the pilot area. The Global Earthquake Model’s (GEM) OpenQuake software is used to run various seismic risk analysis. Event-based seismic hazard and risk analyses are used to develop the hazard curves and maps in terms of peak ground velocity (PGV) for the study area. The results of this study show the variation of seismic losses and mitigation costs for pipelines located within the study area based on their location and the types of repair. Performing seismic risk analysis analyses using the proposed model provides a valuable tool for determining the risk associated with a network of pipelines in a region, and the costs of repair based on acceptable risk level. It can be used for decision making and to establish type and budgets for most critical repairs for a specific region.
SAR Imaging Algorithms and Some Unconventional Applications: A unified mathematical overview (2014)

This article deals with two significant aspects related to synthetic aperture radar imaging (SAR-I) of relevant theoretical and applicative interest. The first objective regards the analysis of the most-used SAR-I approaches under the unified mathematical framework provided by the Porter-Bojarski integral equation. The second objective is to provide an updated overview on how SAR-I research is generalizing previous algorithms to deal with unconventional scenarios.
Backscatter Coefficient Measurements Using a Reference Phantom to Extract Depth-Dependent Instrumentation Factors (1990)

In previous work, we demonstrated that accurate backscatter coefficient measurements are obtained with a data reduction method that explicitly accounts for experimental factors involved in recording echo data. An alternative, relative processing method for determining the backscatter coefficient and the attenuation coefficient is presented here. This method involves comparison of echo data from a sample with data recorded from a reference phantom whose backscatter and attenuation coefficients are known. A time domain processing technique is used to extract depth and frequency dependent signal ratios for the sample and the reference phantom. The attenuation coefficient and backscatter coefficient of the sample are found from these ratios. The method is tested using tissue-mimicking phantoms with known scattering and attenuation properties.
First Enantioselective Synthesis of Vinyl Oxiranes from Aldehydes and Ylides Generated from Allyl Halides and Chiral Sulfides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Virtual Issue: Plasmon Resonances - A Physical Chemistry Perspective (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTVirtual Issue: Plasmon Resonances - A Physical Chemistry PerspectiveGregory V. Hartland and George SchatzView Author Information University of Notre Dame Northwestern UniversityCite this: J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 31, 15121–15123Publication Date (Web):August 4, 2011Publication History Published online4 August 2011Published inissue 11 August 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp206376fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jp206376feditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3977Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Plasmonic nanoparticles,Plasmons,Raman spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Orakelfrage (1982)

Das Blättchen ist praktisch komplett; nur wenige Buchstaben sind in den drei letzten Zeilen durch einige Löcher beschädigt. Dennoch ist eine vollständige befriedigende Lesung nicht gelungen, weil die Schrift — eine ausgesprochen fahrige und undeutliche Kursive — schwer zu entziffern ist und es bei derartigen Texten auch kaum möglich ist, vor der Entzifferung den Sinn zu erfassen. Die Zeilen verlaufen parallel zu den Fasern, die Rückseite ist unbeschrieben.
One-man-band (2013)

Generating live broadcasts of sporting events requires a coordinated crew of camera operators, directors, and technical personnel to control and switch between multiple cameras to tell the evolving story of a game. In this paper, we present an unimodal interface concept that allows one person to cover live sporting action by controlling multiple cameras and and determining which view to broadcast. The interface exploits the structure of sports broadcasts which typically switch between a zoomed out game-camera view (which records the strategic team-level play), and a zoomed in iso-camera view (which captures the animated adversarial relations between opposing players). The operator simultaneously controls multiple pan-tilt-zoom cameras by pointing at a location on the touch screen, and selects which camera to broadcast using one or two points of contact. The image from the selected camera is superimposed on top of a wide-angle view captured from a context-camera which provides the operator with periphery information (which is useful for ensuring good framing while controlling the camera). We show that by unifying directorial and camera operation functions, we can achieve comparable broadcast quality to a multi-person crew, while reducing cost, logistical, and communication complexities.
Regulation of thalamic neurite outgrowth by the Eph ligand ephrin-A5: Implications in the development of thalamocortical projections (1998)

The cerebral cortex is parcellated into different functional domains that receive distinct inputs from other cortical and subcortical regions. The molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of connections of cortical afferents remain unclear. We report here that the Eph family tyrosine kinase receptor EphA5 and the ligand ephrin-A5 may play a key role in the exclusion of the limbic thalamic afferents from the sensorimotor cortex by mediating repulsive interactions. In situ hybridization shows that the EphA5 transcript is expressed at high levels in both cortical and subcortical limbic regions, including the frontal cortex, the subiculum, and the medial thalamic nuclei. In contrast, ephrin-A5 is transcribed abundantly in the sensorimotor cortex. Consistent with the complementary expression, the ligand inhibited dramatically the growth of neurites from neurons isolated from the medial thalamus but was permissive for the growth of neurites from lateral thalamic neurons, which is primarily nonlimbic. Similarly, the growth of neurites from Eph-A5-expressing neurons isolated from the subiculum was inhibited by ephrin-A5. Our studies suggest that the Eph family ligand ephrin-A5 serves as a general inhibitor of axonal growth from limbic neurons, which may serve to prevent innervation of inappropriate primary sensorimotor regions, thus contributing to the generation of specificity of thalamic cortical afferents.
Immunotoxicological safety and observational studies of homeopathic preparations from mycelium cultures of Laricifomes officinalis (2017)

Fruiting bodies of Laricifomes officinalis (Vill.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz. (Polyporaceae) are used in Traditional European Medicine (Fungus laricis, Agaricus albus, German Pharmacopoeia Supplement ErgB 6) as well as in Homeopathy (Laricifomes officinalis, Boletus laricis, German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia HAB).
The Lost Foam method – pre-expansion process (2010)

In the study, a pre-expansion station, designed by authors, was presented. It consists of a batch pre-expander with a 90 liters capacity foaming chamber, equipped with fluidized-solid dryer of pre-expanded beads and a pneumatic transport system of granules to the silo. Steam is delivered to the pre-expander from the electric vapor generator type LW 40.1. In the study, work principle of the pre-expansion station and pre-expansion tests carried out on this position were presented.
Modular system architecture for electronic device integration in police cruisers (2003)

In order to solve the problem of device integration for police cruisers Project54 created a modular, scalable system for the integration of in-car electronic devices. The system provides for both hardware and software integration of the devices. The system has a standard and safe speech-based user interface that allows hands-free and eyes-free operation of in-car devices. The New Hampshire State Police started using the system in its cruisers and will install it in all of the cruisers in its fleet starting in the summer of 2002.
Training initiative list scheme (TILS) for minimal access therapy: the MATTUS experience. (1997)

The objective of the MATTUS intercollegiate exercise was to set up and audit a training initiative list scheme (TILS) by which funds are awarded to Trust hospitals for operative sessions used specifically for the training of staff in minimal access therapy (MAT). A prospective centralized audit of TILS involving nine Trust hospitals in Scotland over a 12-month period (1 March 1995-end of February 1996) was carried out. These hospitals had contracted for 510 4-h training sessions (389 for minimal access surgery, 121 for allied interventional techniques) by MATTUS accredited consultant tutors. The scheme covered training in technical competence for Minimal Access Surgery (MAS), interventional flexible endoscopy and interventional radiology within Scottish Hospitals. The main outcome measures used in the audit were trainee completion rates, conversion rates, morbidity and mortality, assessment of training received by trainees and assessment of aptitude by the trainers. The results were as follows. Of 510 sessions, 482 (95%) were completed within the deadline. Of these, 463 sessions were audited (367 for MAS, 69 for flexible endoscopy and 27 for interventional radiology). During these sessions, 817 operations/procedures were performed (781 training and 36 developmental). A total of 544 operations were performed during 339 MAS training sessions and 237 radiological/flexible endoscopy procedures in 96 MAT training sessions. The trainee was the principal operator in 643 (82%) procedures and completed the task in 581 (74%) cases. Four per cent of the MAS operations (22/544) required conversion. Post-operative complications occurred in 42 out of 817 patients (5%). Four patients, all with advanced malignancy, died within 30 days of the procedure. Trainees graded 355 sessions as excellent, 109 good, two as average and one as unsatisfactory. The tutors graded their trainees' aptitude to perform the operation as excellent in 34%, good in 53%, average in 11% and poor in < 1%. The training initiative list scheme which allows unhurried training in MAT by consultant tutors using operating sessions that are extra to the service lists is operationally and educationally viable. Furthermore, it can be implemented within a pre-determined budget. The audit of TILS has also demonstrated that the immediate clinical outcome of patients is not compromised by this type of training.
NEDD8 Overexpression Results in Neddylation of Ubiquitin Substrates by the Ubiquitin Pathway (2012)

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins use unique E1, E2, and E3 enzymes for conjugation to their substrates. We and others have recently reported that increases in the relative concentration of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 over ubiquitin lead to activation of NEDD8 by the ubiquitin E1 enzyme. We now show that this results in erroneous conjugation of NEDD8 to ubiquitin substrates, such as p53, Caspase 7, and Hif1α, demonstrating that overexpression of NEDD8 is not appropriate for identification of substrates of the NEDD8 pathway.
3D Flow Reactors: Flow, Hydrodynamics, and Performance (2014)

A device comprised of a sequence of converging or diverging units aligned either in an axisymmetric or nonaxisymmetric manner can be used as a continuous flow reactor. Here we report the analysis of flow and hydrodynamics (pressure drop, residence time distribution, and mass transfer) for an axisymmetric geometry of a 3D flow reactor for single phase and two-phase flows. CFD simulations of the single phase flow have been used for identification of the precise geometrical configuration. The sequence of converging units as a flow reactor has been found to always be better than the sequence of diverging units. The residence time distribution analysis also favored the choice of converging flow as a better option. The performance of the device was verified by successfully carrying out a highly exothermic two-phase aromatic nitration of benzaldehyde (ΔHr ≈ −172 kJ/mol) with fuming nitric acid.
Van Tendeloo and Amelinckx reply (1993)

Received 17 November 1992DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.103©1993 American Physical Society
Elbow-Arthroplasty with the New Gsb-Prosthesis (1974)

AbstractA new method of elbow arthroplasty is presented, using the so-called GSB prosthesis. This prosthesis requires minimal bone resection and offers therefore the possibility of a safe retreat in the case of severe complications such as infections. The technical features, the operative technique and an evaluation of the results in 17 cases are presented.
Optimal Preparation of Alpine Ski Runs (2004)

The demands on the quality of ski runs have grown with the development of sports equipment. A skiing run must nowadays provide perfect grip, have a certain strength and be durable in order to satisfy the users. The preparation of ski runs involves many snow transformations such as recrystallization, vapor transport, and sintering. These processes strongly depend on the weather conditions that can obviously not be influenced. Therefore, understanding the influences of the various processes involved in grooming is crucial to choose the optimal time and procedure to prepare the runs. Our aim is to optimize the preparation of skiing runs from a technical, economical and ecological point of view. We developed a framework in which the physical and mechanical processes of snow, the weather forecast and type of grooming was taken into account. The influence of snow properties on grooming practice for both, natural and machine-made snow was considered. We propose the best suited grooming method and preparation time for both dry and wet snow in order to obtain high quality and durable runs. Regarding its structural and mechanical properties, machine-made snow constitutes a good snowpack and requires less processing than natural snow for its hardening. By following the proposed scheme the best conditions possible for all skier and riders can be created.
Adaptive Multiple Time-Scale Power Allocation for Spectrum Sharing in DS-CDMA Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose adaptive multiple time- scale power allocation (AMTPA) method for opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) in the uplink of DS-CDMA networks. In AMTPA, the secondary service is facilitated by granting passive access to the power control commands transmitted by the primary network's base-station. AMTPA manages the secondary service transmission power in two phases, each in different time-scales. In the longer time-scale, Power Allocation Phase adaptively allocates the secondary service transmit power based on the medium-scale variations of the secondary channel, so that the achieved capacity is maximized. Then in the shorter time-scale, power adjustment phase exploits the power control commands transmitted in the primary network to adaptively adjust secondary service transmission power to reduce the effect of the secondary service transmission on the quality-of-service of the primary network. Simulation results show that maintaining a given collision probability constraint, AMTPA makes a significant improvement on the achieved capacity.