gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-layered multicolor organic electroluminescent device (1996)

We have realized a three-layered multicolor organic electroluminescent device utilizing poly (9,9-dihexylfluorene) and perylene derivatives as emission layers, with diamine derivatives as an electron blocking layer. Emission colors could be selected either blue or red by changing the polarity of the applied voltage. By driving with an ac biased electric field, both emission colors were observed and the intensity ratio of each emission color was modulated by the frequency of the applied ac field.
Exposure of Portuguese population to aflatoxins: the contribution of human biomonitoring to estimation of burden of disease (2019)

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is recognized as an important tool to assess the Human exposure to chemicals, contributing to describe trends and patterns of exposure over time and to identify population groups that could be under risk. Natural chemicals as mycotoxins, fungi metabolites that produce toxic effects in humans, are important compounds that could be found in foods usually consumed worldwide in a daily basis. Mycotoxins as aflatoxins (AFTs) are genotoxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive compounds. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of their main health toxic effects and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In Portugal, scarce data are available regarding exposure to AFTs and none previous study used HBM data to characterize comprehensively the burden associated to this exposure. In the scope of the National Food, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese General Population (2015-2016), 24h-urine samples from 94 participants were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of AFTs (B1, B2, G1, G2, M1). A model was developed to estimate the health impact of the exposure of Portuguese population to aflatoxins, estimating the number of cases of HCC and DALYs attributed to AFTs exposure. AFTs were detected in 12.8% (AFB1), 16.0% (AFB2) and 19.1% (AFM1) of the 24h-urine samples. The estimated number of extra cases of HCC attributed to this exposure ranged from 17 to 65 cases/year; the associated DALYs for the Portuguese population ranged from 284 to 1802 years. The present study generated, for the first time and within a HBM study, reliable data on internal exposure to AFTs at individual level for the Portuguese population. These data were crucial to characterize the burden derived from this exposure and to support risk managers to establish preventive policy measures that contribute to ensure the public health protection.
Introducing Semantic Technologies in Web Services-Based Application Discovery within Grid Environments (2007)

Service discovery is an essential critical element in large scale, open distributed systems. Its implementation is a key functionality of the distributed underlying infrastructures of both Web services frameworks and grid systems where searching and finding services are one of the main tasks. In the framework of sharing grid software resources, different discovery mechanisms have been evaluated. Grid solutions have been considered, together with industry-initiated methods, but the main hurdle for all methods is a lack of automation. In dealing with such WSDL-based services, the paper outlines the different methods in terms of the information model and searching tools. Moreover, to enable automation, it proposes an approach to introducing semantic technologies on the discovery process. Analyzing a Web service process and its actors, semantics could be added to the interactions between provider and client or directly to the broker. The former solution moves towards enriching Web service description by means of semantic languages. The second requires the modification of the broker responsible for the matching user requirements with the service capabilities offered by introducing new modules
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones as Specific Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (2005)

Inhibition of the cell cycle kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (Cdk4), is expected to provide an effective method for the treatment of proliferative diseases such as cancer. The pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one template has been identified previously as a privileged structure for the inhibition of ATP-dependent kinases, and good potency against Cdks has been reported for representative examples. Obtaining selectivity for individual Cdk enzymes, particularly Cdk4, has been challenging. Here, we report that the introduction of a methyl substituent at the C-5 position of the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one template is sufficient to confer excellent selectivity for Cdk4 vs other Cdks and representative tyrosine kinases. Further optimization led to the identification of highly potent and selective inhibitors of Cdk4 that exhibit potent antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells in vitro. The most selective Cdk4 inhibitors were evaluated for antitumor activity against MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma xenografts in mice.
LILA: Language-Informed Latent Actions (2021)

We introduce Language-Informed Latent Actions (LILA), a framework for learning natural language interfaces in the context of human-robot collaboration. LILA falls under the shared autonomy paradigm: in addition to providing discrete language inputs, humans are given a low-dimensional controller $-$ e.g., a 2 degree-of-freedom (DoF) joystick that can move left/right and up/down $-$ for operating the robot. LILA learns to use language to modulate this controller, providing users with a language-informed control space: given an instruction like "place the cereal bowl on the tray," LILA may learn a 2-DoF space where one dimension controls the distance from the robot's end-effector to the bowl, and the other dimension controls the robot's end-effector pose relative to the grasp point on the bowl. We evaluate LILA with real-world user studies, where users can provide a language instruction while operating a 7-DoF Franka Emika Panda Arm to complete a series of complex manipulation tasks. We show that LILA models are not only more sample efficient and performant than imitation learning and end-effector control baselines, but that they are also qualitatively preferred by users.
Osteochondrosis in horses (1997)

HORSE breeding as an international industry has made an enormous investment in science over the past three decades and this has reaped considerable benefits. For example, reproductive efficiency (ie, conception and birth rates) has been significantly improved in most breeds of horses and losses due to twinning almost eliminated. There have also been considerable advances in perinatology with improved rates of foal survival. However, the situation in relation to growth and skeletal development in young horses is far less satisfactory. This is largely because this area has not been designated for detailed investigation and research. The result is that there is too much 'art' and not enough 'science' in the rearing/growing of foals. Perhaps this is why the incidence of developmental problems (osteochondrosis, physitis, angular limb derformities and so on) is unacceptably high in many breeds of horse. Many of these conditions can lead to weakness, impaired skeletal integrity, lameness and poor performance potential.
Study of Correlation Coefficients of Complex Envelope and Phase in a Domain with Time and Frequency Axes in Narrowband Multipath Channel (2009)

As a basic multipath property required to allocate the pilot signal in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and compose antennas in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique, correlation coefficients of the complex envelope in the received signal level and phase in multipath channels were studied theoretically and by computer simulation in a domain with time, frequency, and space axes. First, correlation coefficient rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> (Deltax) of the envelope was derived in the domain with a variable Deltax= f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> + Deltafsigma, where f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> is on the time axis (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> : normalized maximum fading frequency) and Deltafsigma is on the frequency and space axes (Af. frequency separation, sigma: delay spread). Bird's-eye views of rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> (Deltax) and rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> (Deltax) of the phase in multipath channels are shown in the domains to give a good overall grasp of them. The theoretical values of rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> (Deltax) and rho <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> (Deltax) agree with the simulated ones. Furthermore, it is shown that the cumulative distributions influenced on bit error rate performance depended strongly on Deltax and spread as Deltax increased.
The influence of cortisone on experimental viral infection. I. Prolongation of survival time and suppression of inflammation in chick embryos infected with influenza B virus. (1955)

Summary 1.Administration of cortisone may shorten or prolong survival of chick embryos infected with influenza B virus, depending on the timing of its injection. 2.Injection of cortisone 24–42 hours after infection results in suppression of inflammation and prolongation of survival of virus-infected chick embryos. 3.The ameliorating effects of cortisone in this situation are explicable on the basis of its anti-inflammatory action in the chorioallantoic membrane.
Sorption enhanced steam methane reforming by Ni/CaO/mayenite combined systems: Overview of experimental results from European research project ASCENT (2020)

Abstract Work Package 4 (WP4) of the European research project ASCENT developed combined sorbent‐catalyst materials (CSCM) for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SESMR), based on nickel (Ni) and calcium oxide (CaO). This work summarizes the whole experimental study carried out in ASCENT WP4 on Ni/CaO/mayenite systems obtained from wet mixing and wet impregnation synthesis methods. Effects from Ni precursor (Ni (CH 3 COO) 2 · 4H 2 O or Ni(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O), Ni load (from 3 wt%‐10 wt%), and free CaO load (from 0 wt%‐54 wt%) were investigated for 26 materials by means of characterizations and reforming reactivity tests in a packed‐bed microreactor (650°C, 1 atm). Thanks to comparative analyses of the results, evidence emerged about the detrimental influence of low Ni/CaO ratio on the reforming catalytic activity of solid inventories, made of CSCM or even of the raw mixing of CaO‐mayenite and Ni‐mayenite particles. Catalytic materials were active towards reforming only when derived from Ni(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O. Based on this, the best CSCM (with the lowest free CaO content and the highest Ni load from nickel nitrate) was chosen to further study its industrial applicability by multicycle SESMR/sorbent‐regeneration tests in a bench‐scale packed‐bed rig and attrition tests according to ASTM D5757‐11. The CSCM was stable and active for 200 cycles with regenerations in N 2 at 850°C, while a progressive loss of its activity occurred with regenerations in CO 2 at 925°C as the cycle number increased due to Ni sintering. Its performance in the attrition tests was comparable to that of calcined dolomite.
Alternate strand recognition of double-helical DNA by (T,G)-containing oligonucleotides in the presence of a triple helix-specific ligand (1996)

Triple helix formation requires a polypurine- polypyrimidine sequence in the target DNA. Recent works have shown that this constraint can be circumvented by using alternate strand triplex-forming oligonucleotides. We have previously demonstrated that (T,G)-containing triplex- forming oligonucleotides may adopt a parallel or an antiparallel orientation with respect to an oligopurine target, depending upon the sequence and, in particular, upon the number of 5'-GpT-3' and 5'-TpG-3' steps [Sun et al. (1991) C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser III, 313, 585-590]. A single (T,G)-containing oligonucleotide can therefore interact with two oligopurine stretches which alternate on the two strands of the target DNA. The (T,G) switch oligonucleotide contains a 5'-part targeted to one of the oligopurine sequences in a parallel orientation followed by a 3'-part that adopts an antiparallel orientation with respect to the second oligopurine sequence. We show that a limitation to the stability of such a triplex may arise from the instability of the antiparallel part, composed of reverse-Hoogsteen C.GxG and T.AxT base triplets. Using DNase I footprinting and ultraviolet absorption experiments, we report that a benzo[e]pyridoindole derivative [(3-methoxy- 7H-8-methyl-11-[(3'-amino-propyl) amino] benzo[e]pyrido [4,3-b]indole (BePI)], a drug interacting more tightly with a triplex than with a duplex DNA, strongly stabilizes triplexes with reverse-Hoogsteen C.GxG and T.AxT triplets thus allowing a stabilization of the triplex-forming switch (T,G) oligonucleotide on alternating oligopurine- oligopyrimidine 5'-(Pu)14(Py)14-3' duplex sequences. These results lead to an extension of the range of oligonucleotide sequences for alternate strand recognition of duplex DNA.
New developments in C5a receptor signaling (2012)

Complement activation usually results in the formation of complement fragment 5a (C5a) that interacts with its two receptors, C5aR and C5L2. These receptors belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled seven transmembrane-containing receptors. C5aR and C5L2 are expressed on/in a wide variety of cells and tissues. Interaction of C5a with C5aR leads to many pleiotropic effects, including the release of cytokines and chemokines and recruitment of inflammatory cells. In certain circumstances, C5a-C5aR interactions can also result in pathophysiological changes as seen in sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, acute lung injury and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This overview of the C5a-C5aR interactions describes how such interactions facilitate the pivotal role the complement system plays in the host's innate and adaptive responses.
Compact High-Gain Metasurface Antenna Arrays Based on Higher-Mode SIW Cavities (2018)

This communication presents novel compact linearly/circularly polarized metasurface antenna arrays based on higher mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities. The linearly polarized antenna is realized by an array of patch cells with similar TM resonant modes as traditional patch antennas, while the circularly polarized one is newly designed based on the proposed polarization-rotation metasurface structure. Moreover, the periodic metasurface antennas are modified with complemental boundaries to further enlarge effective radiation apertures for about 1.5 dB gain enhancement. In addition, a simple TE220 higher mode cavity is employed as a compact and symmetrical feeding network to provide perfectly uniform four-way excitations, resulting in relatively uniform radiation aperture for high gain. The simulation and measured results both indicate that the proposed linearly/circularly polarized metasurface arrays can, respectively, achieve very high directional gains of about 10.75/10.66 dBi with aperture efficiencies of about 90% and low cross-polarization suppressions. In addition, 3 dB axial ratio beamwidths of the circularly polarized array can be up to 68° and 57° at two pitch planes of φ = 0° and 90°.
Neural System recognizes Human Pointing Gestures in Real Images (1996)

. We present a neural network based system for the visual recognition of human hand pointing gestures from stereo pairs of video camera images. The accuracy of the current system allows to estimate the pointing target to an accuracy of 2 cm in a workspace area of 50x50 cm. The system consists of several neural networks arranged in a modular hierarchy. LLM networks perform the tasks of image segmentation, estimation of hand location, and estimation of 3D-pointing direction; a PSOM network yields the necessary coordinate transforms. Drawing heavily on the use of learning algorithms, the functions of all network modules were created from data examples only. 1 Introduction The development of advanced artificial neural systems challenges us with the task of finding architectures for the cooperation of multiple functional modules such that part of the structure of the overall system can be designed at a useful level of abstraction, but at the same time learning can be used to create or fine...
An Open Conformation of the Thermus thermophilusGyrase B ATP-binding Domain (2002)

DNA gyrase forms an A(2)B(2) tetramer involved in DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription in which the B subunit catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The Thermus thermophilus and Escherichia coli gyrases are homologues and present the same catalytic activity. When compared with that of the E. coli 43K-5'-adenylyl-beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate complex, the crystal structure of Gyrase B 43K ATPase domain in complex with novobiocin, one of the most potent inhibitors of gyrase shows large conformational changes of the subdomains within the dimer. The stabilization of loop 98-118 closing the active site through dimeric contacts and interaction with domain 2 allows to observe novobiocin-protein interactions that could not be seen in the 24K-inhibitor complexes. Furthermore, this loop adopts a position which defines an "open" conformation of the active site in absence of ATP, in contrast with the "closed" conformation adopted upon ATP binding. All together, these results indicate how the subdomains may propagate conformational changes from the active site and provide crucial information for the design of more specific inhibitors.
The Two-Domain LysX Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Required for Production of Lysinylated Phosphatidylglycerol and Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides (2009)

The well-recognized phospholipids (PLs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) include several acidic species such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol and its mannoside derivatives, in addition to a single basic species, phosphatidylethanolamine. Here we demonstrate that an additional basic PL, lysinylated PG (L-PG), is a component of the PLs of Mtb H37Rv and that the lysX gene encoding the two-domain lysyl-transferase (mprF)-lysyl-tRNA synthetase (lysU) protein is responsible for L-PG production. The Mtb lysX mutant is sensitive to cationic antibiotics and peptides, shows increased association with lysosome-associated membrane protein-positive vesicles, and it exhibits altered membrane potential compared to wild type. A lysX complementing strain expressing the intact lysX gene, but not one expressing mprF alone, restored the production of L-PG and rescued the lysX mutant phenotypes, indicating that the expression of both proteins is required for LysX function. The lysX mutant also showed defective growth in mouse and guinea pig lungs and showed reduced pathology relative to wild type, indicating that LysX activity is required for full virulence. Together, our results suggest that LysX-mediated production of L-PG is necessary for the maintenance of optimal membrane integrity and for survival of the pathogen upon infection.
Conversion of Glucose in CPL‐LiCl to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (2010)

Abstract 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important versatile sugar derivative, is also considered a key intermediate between petroleum‐based industrial organic chemistry and bio‐based carbohydrate chemistry. Here, we report that caprolactam (CPL) containing lithium chloride (LiCl) is a privileged solvent that enables the synthesis of the renewable platform chemical 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from purified glucose. Metal halides in CPL‐LiCl are catalysts, among which CrCl 3 , CrCl 2 , SnCl 4 and SnCl 2 are found to be uniquely effective, leading to the conversion of glucose to HMF with yields of 55% –67%. The simplicity of this chemical transformation of glucose contrasts markedly with the complexity of extant processes and provides a new paradigm for the use of biomass as a raw material for a renewable energy and chemical industries.
Differentiating Between Migraine and Post-traumatic Headache Using a Machine Learning Classifier (2021)

<h3>Objective</h3> The objective was to develop classification models differentiating persistent PTH (PPTH) and migraine using clinical data and MRI-based measures of brain structure and functional connectivity. <h3>Background</h3> PTH and migraine commonly have similar phenotypes. Furthermore, migraine is a risk factor for developing PTH, sometimes making it difficult to differentiate PTH from exacerbation of migraine symptoms. <h3>Design/Methods</h3> Thirty-four individuals with migraine without history of TBI and 48 individuals with mild TBI attributed to PPTH but without history of migraine or prior frequent tension type headache were included. Subjects completed questionnaires assessing headache characteristics, mood, sensory hypersensitivities and cognitive function and underwent MRI imaging during the same day. Clinical features and structural brain measures from T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and functional resting-state measures were included as potential variables. A classifier using ridge logistic regression of principal components (PC) was fit. Since PCs can hinder identification of significant variables in a model, a second regression model was fit directly to the data. In the non-PC based model, input variables were selected based on lowest <i>t</i>-test or chi-square <i>p</i>-value by modality. Average accuracy was calculated using leave-one-out cross validation. The importance of variables to the classifier were examined. <h3>Results</h3> The PC-based classifier achieved an average classification accuracy of 85%. The non-PC based classifier achieved an average classification accuracy of 74.4%. Both classifiers were more accurate at classifying migraine subjects than PPTH. The PC-based model incorrectly classified 9/48 (18.8%) PPTH subjects compared to 3/34 (8.8%) migraine patients, whereas the non-PC classifier incorrectly classed 16/48 (33.3%) vs 5/34 (14.7%) of migraine subjects. Important variables in the non-PC model included static and dynamic functional connectivity values, several questions from the Beck Depression Inventory, and worsening symptoms and headaches with mental activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Multivariate models including clinical characteristics, functional connectivity, and brain structural data accurately classify and differentiate PPTH vs migraine.