gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herstellung eines F-18-markierten FAP-Liganden über [F-18]AlF-Komplexierung (2020)

Ziel/Aim FAP wird von krebsassoziierten Fibroblasten, die in mehr als 90 % aller epithelialen Karzinome auftreten (u.a. bei Pankreas-, Darm- und Brustkrebs), überexprimiert. In gesunden adulten Geweben findet sich hingegen ein sehr geringes FAP-Expressionsniveau. Das macht FAP zu einem vielversprechenden molekularen Target für die Bildgebung verschiedener Krebserkrankungen. F-18-markierte FAP-spezifische Inhibitoren wurden bisher noch nicht berichtet. Daher war Ziel dieser Arbeit die Entwicklung eines geeigneten Verfahrens zur Radiofluorierung von chinolinbasierten FAP Inhibitoren über [F-18]AlF-Komplexierung.
<title>Photoactive sol-gel biocoatings</title> (2006)

In this work we investigated the photoactive properties sol-gel biocoatings doped with Protoporphyrin IX (PP IX). It was demonstrated that PP IX entrapped in sol-gel preserves it's chemical activity and may have contact with the external environment. The chemical reactions with zinc cations and pyridine, as well as protonation, occurred quite fast. This indicates, that the interconnected porous network could be easily penetrated by relatively large molecules (e.g. mentioned by pyridine molecule). Further, we observed that PP IX molecules do not leave the pores. Structural changes caused by the addition of PP IX to the sol-gel matrix influence not only on the optical properties, but also on durability of the coatings. The altering of PP IX doped silica sol-gel coatings is quite slow.
Counter-forensics of SIFT-based copy-move detection by means of keypoint classification (2013)

Abstract Copy-move forgeries are very common image manipulations that are often carried out with malicious intents. Among the techniques devised by the ‘Image Forensic’ community, those relying on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) features are the most effective ones. In this paper, we approach the copy-move scenario from the perspective of an attacker whose goal is to remove such features. The attacks conceived so far against SIFT-based forensic techniques implicitly assume that all SIFT keypoints have similar properties. On the contrary, we base our attacking strategy on the observation that it is possible to classify them in different typologies. Also, one may devise attacks tailored to each specific SIFT class, thus improving the performance in terms of removal rate and visual quality. To validate our ideas, we propose to use a SIFT classification scheme based on the gray scale histogram of the neighborhood of SIFT keypoints. Once the classification is performed, we then attack the different classes by means of class-specific methods. Our experiments lead to three interesting results: (1) there is a significant advantage in using SIFT classification, (2) the classification-based attack is robust against different SIFT implementations, and (3) we are able to impair a state-of-the-art SIFT-based copy-move detector in realistic cases.
Generation of Tetracosahexaenoic Acid in Benthic Marine Organisms (2015)

Tetracosahexaenoic acid (THA, 24:6n-3) has been shown to have the strongest ability to suppress accumulation of lipids in HepG2 cells among well-known n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA. In this study, a method for mass production of THA was investigated using distributions of THA and DHA in thirty-two marine organisms, such as starfishes, right-eyed flounders, shellfishes, and sharks. The fatty acid composition of the marine organisms was analyzed using GC-FID and THA was detected in starfish, right-eyed flounder, and shark. Furthermore, the ratio of DHA and THA (DHA/THA) in each sample was calculated using chromatogram peak area of GC-FID, and the value was found to be lower than 1 in some starfishes. As a result, THA was thought to be synthesized in the starfishes. In contrast, the value of DHA/THA for right-eyed flounder and sharks was greater than 1. The THA accumulation in right-eyed flounder was considered to be because of the starfishes that the flounder consumes as part of its diet. DHA is synthesized from THA by beta-oxidation in peroxisomes, in the Sprecher's shunt. The high accumulation of THA observed in the flounder would be caused by the decreasing enzyme activation due to beta-oxidation in the peroxisomes of the starfishes. Understanding the differences in THA between aquatic species could also potentially allow us to understand why THA is generated in marine animals.
Role for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the pathogenesis of fragile X syndrome (2008)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been implicated in a diverse variety of neuronal functions. Studies reviewed here indicate that exaggerated signalling through mGluR5 can account for multiple cognitive and syndromic features of fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited form of mental retardation and autism. Since a reduction of mGluR5 signalling can reverse fragile X phenotypes, these studies provide a compelling rationale for the use of mGluR5 antagonists for the treatment of fragile X and related disorders.
In vivoassessment of trabecular bone structure at the distal radius from high-resolution computed tomography images (1996)

A dedicated computed tomography system was used to acquire transaxial images of the distal radius to assess trabecular bone structure in vivo. We segmented trabecular bone from the marrow and soft tissue background by postprocessing the image with a region grow and skeletonization step. From the processed image we assessed the integrity of the bone by examining the continuity of its trabecular network and by determining the area of the holes comprising its marrow space. The continuity of the bone imaged was assessed by a proposed connectivity index (CI) and the size of the marrow spaces was assessed by calculating a mean hole area (H(A)) in the bone cross-section. Repeat measurements revealed that the intra-subject variability in CI and H(A) was small (CV < 6%). Both CI and H(A) were sensitive enough to reflect differences in structure at the head of the radius and at several sites along its shaft. We tested the diagnostic value of assessing bone structure at the distal end of the radius by measuring trabecular bone density, CI and H(A) in a mixed group of 26 subjects, nine of whom had suffered a wrist fracture. We found that a trabecular bone density threshold of 116 mg cm-3, corresponding to two standard deviations below the mean density in the 17 non-fractured subjects, separated fractured from non-fractured subjects with a sensitivity of 22% and a specificity of 100%. A CI threshold of -4.7 doubled the sensitivity (44%) and maintained the 100% specificity. An H(A) threshold of 4.5 mm2 achieved a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 94%. This increased sensitivity achieved by our indices suggests that an in vivo assessment of trabecular bone structure can contribute significantly to the identification of persons at risk of fracture.
Attenuated Joint Tissue Damage Associated With Improved Synovial Lymphatic Function Following Treatment With Bortezomib in a Mouse Model of Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis (2018)

Experimental posttraumatic knee OA is associated with decreased synovial lymphatic drainage, increased numbers of M1 macrophages, and enhanced inflammatory gene expression by LECs, all of which was improved by treatment with BTZ. Intraarticular administration of BTZ may represent a new therapy for the restoration of synovial lymphatic function in subjects with posttraumatic knee OA.
Telomerase and telomere length in the development and progression of premalignant lesions to colorectal cancer. (1997)

Telomerase and telomere length are increasingly studied as prognostic markers in malignancy. Telomerase is also known to be expressed in certain nonmalignant cells, although generally at low levels. We investigated telomerase activity and telomere length in premalignant, malignant, inflammatory, and normal colon specimens to determine whether significant differences exist and whether telomerase may serve as a marker for early- or late-stage colorectal cancer. Telomerase activity was evaluated in 130 frozen specimens from human colon cancer (n = 50), adjacent normal colon tissue (n = 50), colon polyps (n = 20), and colitis (n = 10) using a modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay, and telomere length was assessed by terminal restriction fragment analysis. High to moderate levels of telomerase activity were detected in 90% of colorectal tumors. Weakly positive activity was detected in 10%. None of the normal tissues exhibited telomerase activity. In polyps and colitis, telomerase activity was found in 60% (12 of 20) and 40% (4 of 10), respectively. Telomerase activity in both nonmalignant lesions was 25- to 54-fold lower than that detected in colon cancer (P < 0.001). We found a positive correlation between tumor cell infiltration determined in cryostat sections and telomerase activity (r = 0.886; P > 0.0001). Late-stage tumors (Dukes C + D) demonstrated increased telomerase activity compared to early-stage tumors (Dukes A + B). Telomere restriction fragments in colon tumors had peak values of 4.8 +/- 1 kbp that were significantly and consistently shorter than those of the adjacent normal tissues (7.54 +/- 1.3 kbp), polyps (7.5 +/- 0.7 kbp), and colitis specimens (7.7 +/- 0.5kbp; P < 0.0001). Telomeres were 0.6 kbp longer in tumors with high telomerase activity and in late-stage cancers (Dukes C + D) compared to those in tumors with low telomerase activity and in early-stage cancers (Dukes A + B). Our data demonstrate that telomerase in colon cancer was commonly acquired, and activity was higher than that in polyps and colitis. However, weak telomerase activity was detected in premalignant and inflammatory lesions. Telomeres in colon cancer were considerably shorter, an indication of extensive cell proliferation and population divisions, whereas adjacent normal colon specimens, polyps, and colitis had comparable telomere lengths. Our results indicate that increased telomerase activity occurs in colon cancer cells that have undergone extensive telomere shortening relative to surrounding normal tissues and in which telomerase-induced stabilization of telomeres may be critical for the continued proliferation of the malignant clone. The link between telomerase activity and stage suggests that telomerase is up-regulated as a function of increased tumor cell invasion, tumor progression, and metastatic potential in colon cancer.
Elasticity sensor using different tactile properties on one chip (2018)

We report a MEMS-based force sensor that can measure the elasticity of an object without information of contact force and object deformation. In our sensor, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pad is attached to a sensor chip that has three piezoresistive strain sensors as shown in Fig. 1(a). The PDMS pad has free ends whose deformations become larger as the object becomes softer in comparison with the deformation of the pad's center. By locating the strain sensors at these locations, it is possible to measure the elasticity of the object from the ratio of the sensors' outputs. We demonstrate by experiment results that the prototype sensor in this study can measure elasticity in a range of 50 kPa to 6 MPa. With the advantages of miniaturized size, simple sensing scheme, the proposed sensor is expected to be useful in robot manipulation and minimal invasive surgery (MIS).
Precisiated natural language (PNL) (2004)

This article is a sequel to an article title A New Direction in AI--Toward a Computational Theory of Perceptions, which appeared in the Spring 2001 issue of AI Magazine (volume 22, No. 1, 73-84). The concept of precisiated natural language (PNL) was briefly introduced in that article, and PNL was employed as a basis for computation with perceptions. In what follows, the conceptual structure of PNL is described in greater detail, and PNL's role in knowledge representation, deduction, and concept definition is outlined and illustrated by examples. What should be understood is that PNL is in its initial stages of development and that the exposition that follows is an outline of the basic ideas that underlie PNL rather than a definitive theory.
Effect of growth hormone and resistance exercise on muscle growth and strength in older men (1995)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether growth hormone (GH) administration enhances the muscle protein anabolism associated with heavy-resistance exercise training in older men. Twenty-three healthy, sedentary men (67 +/- 1 yr) with low serum insulin-like growth factor I levels followed a 16-wk progressive resistance exercise program (75-90% max strength, 4 days/wk) after random assignment to either a GH (12.5-24 micrograms.kg-1.day-1; n = 8) or placebo (n = 15) group. Fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water increased more in the GH group. Whole body protein synthesis and breakdown rates increased in the GH group after treatment. However, increments in vastus lateralis muscle protein synthesis rate, urinary creatinine excretion, and training-specific isotonic and isokinetic muscle strength were similar in both groups, while 24-h urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion was unchanged after treatment. These observations suggest that resistance exercise training improved muscle strength and anabolism in older men, but these improvements were not enhanced when exercise was combined with daily GH administration. The greater increase in FFM with GH treatment may have been due to an increase in noncontractile protein and fluid retention.
A Comparative Study of Algorithms for Finding Web Communities (2005)

Recently, researches on extraction of densely connected subgraphs, which are called communities, from the graph representing link structure inWWW, are very popular. However, few methods guarantee that extracted subgraphs satisfy community conditions which are strictly defined. In this paper, we consider the problem of extracting subgraphs that strictly satisfy the community conditions proposed in [3]. It is known that finding all such communities is computationally hard. As methods that possibly find many communities efficiently, we experimentally compared two methods, a method with a Gomory-Hu tree construction and a method with calculating edge-betweenness. We also proposed evaluation criterion for ranking found communities.
Management of atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: Observational study and development of a standardised protocol (2020)

Rationale, aims and objectives: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication occurring after cardiac surgery. Guidelines for the management of this complication are scarce, often resulting in differences in treatment strategy use among patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the management of POAF in a cardiac surgery department, characterise the extent of its variability and develop a standardised protocol. Methods: Data from patients who underwent cardiac surgeries with subsequent POAF between 1 January 2017 and 1 June 2018 were analysed in this single-centre observational retrospective study. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportions of patients whose first POAF episodes were treated with a rate control (RaC) strategy, a rhythm control (RhC) strategy and both among hospital units (intensive care unit [ICU], intermediate care unit [IMCU] and general ward [GW]). Secondary outcomes included the mean duration of POAF episodes, POAF recurrences, and the management of anticoagulation. Results: Data from 97 patients were included in this study. The POAF management strategy differed significantly among hospital units (ICU: RhC 75.0%, RhC and RaC 19.4%, RaC 0.0%; IMCU: RhC 40.4%, RhC and RaC 34.6%, RaC 13.5%; GW: RhC 22.2%, RhC and RaC 33.3%, RaC 44.4%; p = 0.001). Ninety-five (97.9%) patients converted to sinus rhythm after the first POAF episode; 51.2% of these conversions occurred within 8 h after onset. POAF recurred in 56.7% of patients. Considering all POAF episodes, 83 (85.6%) patients received amiodarone as part of the RhC strategy. Based on these results, a hospital working group developed a standardised protocol for POAF management. Conclusions: POAF management was heterogeneous at our institution. This paper highlights the need for clear practice guidelines based on large prospective studies to provide care according to best practices for all patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Probing spin polarization with Andreev reflection: A theoretical basis (2001)

Andreev reflection at the interface between a ferromagnet and a superconductor has become a foundation of a versatile technique of measuring the spin polarization of magnetic materials. In this article we will briefly outline a general theory of Andreev reflection for spin-polarized systems and arbitrary Fermi surface in two limiting cases of ballistic and diffusive transport.
Self-tuning prioritized call handling mechanism with dynamic guard channels for mobile cellular systems (2002)

In mobile cellular systems, handoff call blocking is less tolerable to the subscribers than new call blocking. To give handoff calls a lower blocking probability, the fixed guard channel scheme reserves a number of guard channels for handoff calls, which share the remaining channels with new calls. The number of guard channels is fixed and may be too high when handoff traffic is low, and vice versa. We propose a dynamic guard channel scheme which dynamically varies the number of guard channels in a cell with a current estimate of the handoff traffic, given by the current number of ongoing calls in neighbouring cells. We present a performance comparison of the fixed and the proposed dynamic guard channel schemes under the blocked-calls-dropped service discipline for both the new and handoff calls, and show that the adaptive control capability of the proposed dynamic guard channel scheme provides better performance when the system is subjected to non-stationary call arrival rates.
Parameter estimation in respiratory physiology and anesthesia (1981)

System identification as applied to selected areas of respiratory physiology and anesthesiology is described. Studies in gas exchange and in the control of breathing are reported. Reasons for the success of system identification techniques in these areas are that (1) many measurements are inferential, rather than direct, (2) the processes are time-varying and basically linear, (3) there is much experimental data, and (4) important problems can be attacked.
Reactivity of anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: definition of two novel mitochondrial polypeptide autoantigens. (1985)

Sera that contained autoantibodies to mitochondria (AMA) by immunofluorescence were examined by immunoblotting for reactivity with mitochondrial polypeptides from various mammalian species, yeast, and E. coli. Mitochondrial polypeptides were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were immobilized on nitrocellulose, and were exposed to sera. The sera tested included 18 AMA-positive sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), two AMA-positive sera from patients without PBC, and 53 AMA-negative sera. All AMA-positive sera reacted with either one or the other, or usually both of two human mitochondrial polypeptides of 70 kilodalton (kD) and 45 kD. The 53 AMA-negative sera were not reactive with the 70 kD polypeptide, but six reacted with the 45 kD polypeptide. The reactivity of the 70 kD and the 45 kD polypeptide was destroyed by brief exposure to trypsin. The counterpart of the 70 kD reactive polypeptide in human mitochondria was a 65 to 70 kD polypeptide in rat and mouse mitochondria, and a 55 kD polypeptide in yeast and in E. coli. The apparent 45 kD polypeptide was similar in all mitochondrial preparations tested, but no counterpart could be identified in E. coli. Beef heart mitochondria were used to show that the reactive polypeptides were present in a semipurified preparation of the F1 portion of mitochondrial H+ ATPase; however, sera did not react with the beta subunit of ATPase, proposed as a candidate mitochondrial autoantigen. The present molecular characterization of two particular antigens should lead to the more precise identification of these antigens, and also to a clearer insight into the pathogenesis of PBC.
Advances in Humanized Mouse Models to Improve Understanding of HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Immune Responses (2021)

Although antiretroviral therapy has transformed human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) from a deadly infection into a chronic disease, it does not clear the viral reservoir, leaving HIV-1 as an uncurable infection. Currently, 1.2 million new HIV-1 infections occur globally each year, with little decrease over many years. Therefore, additional research is required to advance the current state of HIV management, find potential therapeutic strategies, and further understand the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis and prevention strategies. Non-human primates (NHP) have been used extensively in HIV research and have provided critical advances within the field, but there are several issues that limit their use. Humanized mouse (Hu-mouse) models, or immunodeficient mice engrafted with human immune cells and/or tissues, provide a cost-effective and practical approach to create models for HIV research. Hu-mice closely parallel multiple aspects of human HIV infection and disease progression. Here, we highlight how innovations in Hu-mouse models have advanced HIV-1 research in the past decade. We discuss the effect of different background strains of mice, of modifications on the reconstitution of the immune cells, and the pros and cons of different human cells and/or tissue engraftment methods, on the ability to examine HIV-1 infection and immune response. Finally, we consider the newest advances in the Hu-mouse models and their potential to advance research in emerging areas of mucosal infections, understand the role of microbiota and the complex issues in HIV-TB co-infection. These innovations in Hu-mouse models hold the potential to significantly enhance mechanistic research to develop novel strategies for HIV prevention and therapeutics.
SimSeerX (2014)

The need to find similar documents occurs in many settings, such as in plagiarism detection or research paper recommendation. Manually constructing queries to find similar documents may be overly complex, thus motivating the use of whole documents as queries. This paper introduces SimSeerX, a search engine for similar document retrieval that receives whole documents as queries and returns a ranked list of similar documents. Key to the design of SimSeerX is that is able to work with multiple similarity functions and document collections. We present the architecture and interface of SimSeerX, show its applicability with 3 different similarity functions and demonstrate its scalability on a collection of 3.5 million academic documents.