gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of Neodymium High cis-1,4 Polybutadiene with Tin Compounds (1991)

High cis-1,4 polybutadiene was modified with tin compounds. The polymerization of 1,3-butadiene was carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprised of neodymium 2-ethylhexanoate, acetylacetone, triisobutyl- aluminum, diisobutylaluminum hydride and ethylaluminumsesqui chloride. The reactive polymer was then modified with triphenyltin chloride. Tin content increased with the increase in the number of molecules. This increase can also be seen by GPC measurement with RI and UV dual detectors; that is, the inten sity of UV absorbance at the low molecular weight region was higher than that at the high molecular weight region. From these results, this polymer was thought to be modified by tin com pounds at the chain terminal end. The abrasion characteristics of the modified polymer were measured with a Pico abrasion tester and were found to be improved.
Demonstration of a tandem pair of complement protein modules in GABAB receptor 1a (1998)

We have subcloned and expressed the N-terminal portion of the recently sequenced metabotropic GABA receptor, GABA(B)R1a. This region of the receptor contains a complement protein-like amino acid sequence. The purified 140-residue recombinant protein fragment was soluble and stable. Mass spectrometry indicated formation of four disulfide bonds, as expected if two complement protein modules (CPs, also known as SCRs, Sushi domains) are formed. The circular dichroism spectrum was unusual and characteristic of CPs. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated a melting point (64 degrees C), and total enthalpy commensurate with two fully folded domains. We thus conclude that the 1a subtype of the GABA(B) receptor, but not the 1b subtype, contains a pair of CPs and we present a three-dimensional model of this region.
Small-scale physical modeling of seismic-wave propagation using unconsolidated granular media (2014)

ABSTRACT Laboratory physical modeling and laser-based experiments are frequently proposed to tackle theoretical and methodological issues related to seismic prospecting, e.g., when experimental validations of processing or inversion techniques are required. Lasers are mainly used to simulate typical field acquisition setups on homogeneous and consolidated materials assembled into laboratory-scale physical models (PMs) of various earth structures. We suggested the use of granular materials to study seismic-wave propagation in unconsolidated and porous media and target near-surface exploration and hydrogeologic applications. We designed and tested the reproducibility of an experimental procedure to build and probe PMs consisting of micrometric glass beads (GBs). A mechanical source and a laser-Doppler vibrometer were used to record small-scale seismic lines at the surface of three GBs models. When guided surface acoustic mode theory should prevail in such unconsolidated granular packed structure under gravity, we only considered elastic-wave propagation in stratified media to interpret recorded data. Thanks to basic seismic processing and inversion methods (first arrivals and dispersion analyses), we were able to correctly retrieve the gradients of pressure- and shear-wave velocities in our models. A 3D elastic finite difference simulation of the experiment offered, despite significant differences in terms of amplitudes, a supplementary validation of our approximation, as far as elastic properties of the medium were concerned.
Diagnosis of Q Fever (1998)

My colleagues and I compliment Dr. Fournier and coauthors on an excellent review (3). However, we were surprised to read the statement that there is no commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological detection of Q fever, since papers describing these assays have been published (1, 2, 4). These ELISAs, for the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies produced during Q fever, are available from PanBio Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia. All tests use a common assay method, including the provision of cutoff control sera, and take less than an hour to perform. The availability of these tests in part contradicts the claim made by Fournier et al. (3) that ELISA is a more laborious technique than immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and requires considerable experience in interpreting the results. The IgG ELISA has been shown to have good correlation with immunofluorescence, and all patients determined to have a significant level of antibody by IFA were positive in the PanBio test (2, 4). The IgM and IgA ELISAs showed a significant correlation with the complement fixation test, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89% being reported for each assay (1).
Analysis of ABS/ESP Control Logics Using a HIL Test Bench (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Electronic Stability Program (ESP) and Antilock Braking System (ABS) are nowadays a standard equipment for passenger cars. ESP increases vehicle safety by applying differential braking torque to the wheels while cornering, thus it extends the area of intervention of ABS which prevents the wheels from being locked up in emergency braking, especially on low friction road surfaces, allowing the driver to maintain steering control of the vehicle, to avoid obstacles and to reduce vehicle stopping distance on most road surfaces.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a flexible mechatronic test bench for ESP/ABS Electronic Control Unit (ECU) based on Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation technique. It consists of a passenger car hydraulic braking system (from master cylinder to brake calipers), with the ESP/ABS ECU integrated and a flexible real-time platform, which simulates vehicle dynamics. A fourteen degrees of freedom optimized vehicle model has been developed in order to reproduce with sufficient accuracy the vehicle dynamics. Wheels angular velocity, steer angle, lateral/longitudinal acceleration, yaw rate are provided to ABS/ESP ECU using both direct and CAN connection.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;At this stage of the research, the developed HIL test bench has been used to evaluate the control algorithms of a commercial ESP/ABS system in different emergency maneuvers. Although widely documented in the literature, the algorithms implemented on commercial ECUs are in fact only qualitatively described (due to industrial privacy reasons) and some critical points are only partially addressed (friction coefficient estimation, activation/deactivation algorithms, etc.). Several maneuvers (panic braking, step-steer, etc.) on different adherence surfaces have thus been simulated to gain a better understanding of the control strategies and to estimate the controller parameters.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Smoke-Column Observations from Two Forest Fires Using Doppler Lidar and Doppler Radar (1992)

To demonstrate the usefulness of active remote-sensing systems in observing forest fire plume behavior, we studied two fires, one using a 3.2-cm-wavelength Doppler radar, and one more extensively, using Doppler lidar. Both instruments observed the kinematics of the convection column, including the presence of two different types of rotation in the columns, and monitored the behavior of the smoke plume. The first fire, a forest fire that burned out of control, was observed by the Doppler radar during late-morning and afternoon hours. Strong horizontal ambient winds produced a bent-over convection column, which the radar observed to have strong horizontal flow at its edges and weaker flow along the centerline of the plume. This velocity pattern implies that the column consisted of a pair of counterrotating horizontal vortices (rolls), with rising motion along the centerline and sinking along the edges. The radar tracked the smoke plume for over 30 km. It also provided circular depolarization ratio measurements, which gave information that the scattering particles were mostly flat or needle shaped as viewed by the radar, perhaps pine needles or possibly flat ash platelets being viewed edge on. The second fire, observed over a 5-h period by Doppler lidar, was a prescribed forest fire ignited in the afternoon. During the first hour of the fire the lidar observed many kinematic quantities of the convection column, including flow convergence and anticyclonic whole-column, rotation of the nearly vertical column, with a vorticity of approximately 10−2 s−1 and an estimated peak vertical velocity w of 1 5 m s−1. After the first hour ambient meteorological conditions changed, the whole-column rotation ceased, and the convection column and smoke plume bent over toward the lidar in stronger horizontal flow. At two times during this later stage, w was estimated to be 24 and 10 m s−1. Lidar observations show that the smoke plume of this second fire initially went straight up in the convection column to heights of over 2 km, so most of the smoke was injected into the atmosphere above the unstable, afternoon, convective boundary layer, or mixed layer. Later, as the horizontal winds increased, a larger friction of the smoke remained in the mixed layer. Finally, very late in the afternoon, after ignitions had ceased and the fire was smoldering, almost all of the smoke remained within the mixed layer. These analyses show that lidar and radar can provide valuable three-dimensional datasets on kinematic quantities and smoke distribution in the vicinity of fires. This kind of information should be of great value in understanding and modeling convection-column dynamics and smoke-plume behavior.
Melanoma clonal subline analysis uncovers heterogeneity-driven immunotherapy resistance mechanisms (2023)

Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) can promote cancer progression and treatment failure, but the complexity of the regulatory programs and contextual factors involved complicates its study. To understand the specific contribution of ITH to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response, we generated single cell-derived clonal sublines from an ICB-sensitive and genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous mouse melanoma model, M4. Genomic and single cell transcriptomic analyses uncovered the diversity of the sublines and evidenced their plasticity. Moreover, a wide range of tumor growth kinetics were observed <i>in vivo</i> , in part associated with mutational profiles and dependent on T cell-response. Further inquiry into melanoma differentiation states and tumor microenvironment (TME) subtypes of untreated tumors from the clonal sublines demonstrated correlations between highly inflamed and differentiated phenotypes with the response to anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Our results demonstrate that M4 sublines generate intratumoral heterogeneity at both levels of intrinsic differentiation status and extrinsic TME profiles, thereby impacting tumor evolution during therapeutic treatment. These clonal sublines proved to be a valuable resource to study the complex determinants of response to ICB, and specifically the role of melanoma plasticity in immune evasion mechanisms.
Tailor-made exopolysaccharides—CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in Paenibacillus polymyxa (2017)

Application of state-of-the-art genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 drastically increase the number of undomesticated micro-organisms amenable to highly efficient and rapid genetic engineering. Adaptation of these tools to new bacterial families can open up entirely new possibilities for these organisms to accelerate as biotechnologically relevant microbial factories, also making new products economically competitive. Here, we report the implementation of a CRISPR-Cas9 based vector system in <i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i>, enabling fast and reliable genome editing in this host. Homology directed repair allows for highly efficient deletions of single genes and large regions as well as insertions. We used the system to investigate the yet undescribed biosynthesis machinery for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in <i>P. polymyxa</i> DSM 365, enabling assignment of putative roles to several genes involved in EPS biosynthesis. Using this simple gene deletion strategy, we generated EPS variants that differ from the wild-type polymer not only in terms of monomer composition, but also in terms of their rheological behavior. The developed CRISPR-Cas9 mediated engineering approach will significantly contribute to the understanding and utilization of socially and economically relevant <i>Paenibacillus</i> species and extend the polymer portfolio.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Nanocrystalline MgO and Its Use as a Bacteriocide (2005)

Abstract Nanocrystalline particles of MgO were synthesized using microwave radiation in an ethylene glycol solution. The antibacterial activities of the MgO nanoparticles were tested by treating Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) cultures with 1 mg mL –1 of the nanoparticles. We have examined the importance of the size effect, pH, and the form of the active MgO species as a bactericidal agent. A clear size dependence of the nanoparticles is observed where the amount of eradicated bacteria was strongly dependent on the particle size.
Studies of the Fate of Platelets in Rats and Man (1969)

Abstract The tissue distribution of 51Cr-labeled platelets and erythrocytes was determined in normal and asplenic rats. Two hours after injection, the distributions in tissues of RBC and platelet 51Cr were not significantly different except in the spleen which contained platelet 51Cr (12 per cent), significantly in excess of red cell 51Cr (1.4 per cent). As labeled platelets were removed from the bloodstream, 80.2 per cent of the injected 51Cr was deposited in the spleen, liver and marrow of normal animals. During the same interval, radioactivity in all other sites examined diminished to less than 10 per cent of initial values. In splenectomized animals, hepatic uptake of radioactivity was twice that observed in normal animals. Studies in normal human subjects using external scintillation scanning suggest that similar quantitative considerations apply to man in that, normally, one-third of total platelets are sequestered in the liver and one-third in the spleen while in asplenic individuals two-thirds are destroyed in the liver. These observations suggest that the majority of platelets are cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system after becoming "senescent" but they do not elucidate the nature of "senescence" or the circumstances leading to it.
A digital color CCD imaging system using custom VLSI circuits (1989)

The authors describe a prototype digital imaging system that can be configured as a single-sensor video camera or a film-to-video converter. The system includes a CCD (charge-coupled device) image sensor with a 3G color filter pattern, two full-custom CMOS digital video signal processing chips, and a custom electronically programmable sequencer chip. The CMOS VLSI digital circuits offer real-time operation while meeting the size, power, and cost constraints of one-chip cameras and fill-to-video converters. System timing and design methodology are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long-Term Follow-up after Partial Removal of a Solitary Kidney (1991)

Long-term renal function remains stable in most patients with a reduction in renal mass of more than 50 percent. These patients are, however, at increased risk for proteinuria, glomerulopathy, and progressive renal failure.
[Antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis and in the healthy Italian population]. (1979)

The Authors report the results of a study on the prevalence of serum antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis among patients with non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and diagnosed on the basis of the isolation of the microorganism in cell cultures, among patients with non-gonococcal urethritis of unknown etiology and in groups of healthy population, in Italy. The search for antibodies was performed both with complement-fixation tests in micro-titer system, using an antigen prepared from chicken embryo yolk sacs infected with the 6BC strain of Chlamydia psittaci, and with indirect immunofluorescence tests. The indirect immunofluorescence tests were carried out using as antigen the whole chlamydial inclusion developed in IUDR pre-treated McCoy cell cultures, grown on coverslips, and infected with the BU/434 strain of the LGV2 immunotype of Chlamydia trachomatis. The immunofluorescence tests proved to be much more sensitive than the complement fixation tests in detecting the presence of anti-chlamydial antibody both in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis and in the healthy population groups. The percentage of subjects possessing anti-chlamydial antibodies among the healthy population suggests a diffuse circulation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The possibility of employing the serological data in the diagnosis of the etiology of non-gonococcal urethritis is briefly discussed.
OpenChirp: A Low-Power Wide-Area Networking architecture (2017)

Infrastructure monitoring applications currently lack a cost-effective and reliable solution for supporting the last communication hop for low-power devices. The use of cellular infrastructure requires contracts and complex radios that are often too power hungry and cost prohibitive for sensing applications that require just a few bits of data each day. New low-power, sub-GHz, long-range radios are an ideal technology to help fill this communication void by providing access points that are able to cover multiple kilometers of urban space with thousands of end-point devices. These new Low-Power Wide-Area Networking (LPWAN) platforms provide a cost-effective and highly deployable option that could piggyback off of existing public and private wireless networks (WiFi, Cellular, etc). In this paper, we present OpenChirp, a prototype end-to-end LPWAN architecture built using LoRa Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) with the goal of simplifying the design and deployment of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices across wide areas like campuses and cities. We present a software architecture that exposes an application layer allowing users to register devices, describe transducer properties, transfer data and retrieve historical values. We define a service model on top of LoRaWAN that acts as a session layer to provide basic encoding and syntax to raw data streams. At the device-level, we introduce and benchmark an open-source hardware platform that uses Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) to help provision LoRa clients that can be extended with custom transducers. We evaluate the system in terms of end-node energy consumption, radio penetration into buildings as well as coverage provided by a network currently deployed at Carnegie Mellon University.
Cardiac CT assessment of tissue thickness at the ostium of the left atrial appendage predicts acute success of radiofrequency ablation (2017)

CCT imaging may be used to detect differences in wall thickness at different atrial locations and success of LAA ablation may be affected by local tissue thickness. Atrial wall thickness may need to be considered as a metric to guide titration of radiofrequency energy for safe and successful ablation.
Interview with Richard J. Bing (2001)

Interview in two sessions, June 11 and 29, 1998, with Richard J. Bing, MD, Director, Cardiology and Intramural Medicine, Huntington Memorial Hospital, and Visiting Associate in Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Chemistry at Caltech, 1970-2010.\n\nRichard J. Bing was born in Nürnberg, Germany. He relates the story of his family and their origins, his early love of music, and his medical education in Frankfurt, Vienna, and Munich in the 1930s during the rise of the Third Reich. A period of study in Denmark at the Carlsberg Biological Institute enables him to meet Alexis Carrel and Charles Lindbergh; he forms lasting relationships with both. After a first trip to New York to Rockefeller Institute to learn Carrel's surgical techniques, he returns to New York and permanently to the US [1937]. His diverse medical career takes him from New York (Rockefeller, Columbia, New York University) to Johns Hopkins, then Alabama, then Washington University in St. Louis, followed by Wayne State University--all of which he recalls in sequence. During this time he demonstrates catheterization of the heart and works on cardiac metabolism. He resigns from Wayne State to take a position at the Huntington Hospital in Pasadena, California, in 1969.\n\nIn California, Bing relates, he developed interest in microcirculation and collaborated with Caltech scientist Harold Wayland; collaborations with Michael Hoffmann, Sunney Chan; friendships with Max Delbrück, John Allman. Research support from JPL; relations with director William Pickering; other research funding. There follows discussion of his second career as a composer, the importance of music in his life, and the performance of his musical works. The interview concludes with his views on the state of the medical profession.\n
<p>Simultaneous Real-Time Detection of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-a and -A2 Using a Graphene Oxide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor</p> (2020)

The GO-SPR biosensor could distinguish PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 from various mixed interference proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. It could potentially be used to measure PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 in clinical blood samples during pregnancy.
Comparative Toxicity of Two Iodophors to Rainbow Trout Eggs (1974)

Toxicity of Wescodyne(R) and Betadine(R) to eyed eggs was not adversely affected by water hardness (as calcium and magnesium) or by exposure periods up to 60 min. Both iodophors were much more toxic below pH 6.0 than at pH 8.0. In general Wescodyne was slightly more toxic than Betadine. Significant egg loss occurred if freshly fertilized eggs were water-hardened in either iodophor at 100 ppm of iodine, but egg loss at 25 ppm of iodine or at 100 ppm if the eggs were disinfected 30 min after water hardening was comparable to the control. Also, there was no effect on the egg mortality or fry development following single or multiple exposures after eggs were water hardened. At pH 6.0 and above, Wescodyne and Betadine at 100 ppm iodine in a 15-min dip would be safe to use on rainbow trout eggs at any stage of development after water hardening. Recommendations and precautions for hatchery use are given.
Configurational Statistics of Magnetic Bead Detection with Magnetoresistive Sensors (2015)

Magnetic biosensors detect magnetic beads that, mediated by a target, have bound to a functionalized area. This area is often larger than the area of the sensor. Both the sign and magnitude of the average magnetic field experienced by the sensor from a magnetic bead depends on the location of the bead relative to the sensor. Consequently, the signal from multiple beads also depends on their locations. Thus, a given coverage of the functionalized area with magnetic beads does not result in a given detector response, except on the average, over many realizations of the same coverage. We present a systematic theoretical analysis of how this location-dependence affects the sensor response. The analysis is done for beads magnetized by a homogeneous in-plane magnetic field. We determine the expected value and standard deviation of the sensor response for a given coverage, as well as the accuracy and precision with which the coverage can be determined from a single sensor measurement. We show that statistical fluctuations between samples may reduce the sensitivity and dynamic range of a sensor significantly when the functionalized area is larger than the sensor area. Hence, the statistics of sampling is essential to sensor design. For illustration, we analyze three important published cases for which statistical fluctuations are dominant, significant, and insignificant, respectively.