gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of the immunoconjugate composed of anti-human colon cancer monoclonal antibody and mitomycin C-dextran conjugate (1992)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) A7, produced against human colon cancer, was conjugated with a polymeric prodrug of mitomycin C (MMC), the MMC-dextran conjugate with an anionic charge (MMCDan) and a molecular weight of 70,000. The amino groups were introduced into the MMCDan by reacting ethylenediamine with the carboxyl group in the spacer arm of the dextran bridge by a carbodiimide-catalyzed reaction. The coupling to mAb A7 was performed using SPDP. A 15 M excess of ethylenediamine produced an optimal MMCDan with amino groups, which resulted in a homogenous conjugate (A7-MMCD) with minimal formation of high-molecular-weight aggregates in about a 30% yield of both IgG and MMC. The molar binding ratio of IgG:dextran:MMC in A7-MMCD was estimated to be 1:1.2:40. A7-MMCD, having MMC prodrug properties, released active MMC with a half-life of 29.1 h and had an almost neutral electric charge under physiological conditions. A competitive binding assay using 125I-labeled A7 revealed that the A7-MMCD almost fully retained its antibody-binding activity. The cytotoxicity of A7-MMCD was assayed by determining the degree of inhibition of [3H]-thymidine in corporation in two different ways using the human colon cancer cell line SW1116. A 48-h continuous exposure test revealed that the pharmacological activity of MMC in A7-MMCD was completely preserved. In addition, A7-MMCD exhibited about a 14-fold greater cytotoxicity than MMCDan when the IC50 values determined using a 2-h pretreatment exposure system were compared. These results suggest that A7-MMCD could be useful in immunotargeting chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Clear evidence for strain changes according to Co layer thickness in metastable Co/Pd(111) multilayers: An extended x-ray absorption fine structure study (1996)

We have measured fluorescence-yield extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) on a series of (Co x \AA{}+Pd 11 \AA{}${)}_{13}$ metallic multilayers. To examine the local atomic structure around Co and its anisotropy, Co K-edge EXAFS measurements were performed at near-grazing incidence of synchrotron radiation incorporating linear polarization dependence. We generally observed, with decreasing Co layer thickness, increasing, in-plane interatomic distance and decreasing, out-of-plane interatomic distance in Co atoms. For a (Co 10 \AA{} +Pd 11 \AA{}${)}_{13}$ multilayer, strain values of in-plane and out-of-plane Co atoms are estimated to be 3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5% in tensile and 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4% in compressive strain. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Multi-eyed network camera for convenient 3D video capturing (2014)

To capture and record a multi-view video is inconvenient due to needing mechanism for synchronization between cameras and computational cost for video coding. This paper presents a multi-eyed network camera which has five fixed HD camera modules and a gigabit Ethernet port. Only one LSI controls the camera modules and encodes all captured videos. To reduce computational complexity and keep synchronization, compressing is based on distributed video coding, and multiplexing is an extension format of the H. 264/MVC NAL structure. Implementation results show that all functions are integrated in the LSI and that the synchronization is kept after transmitting.
SFC separation of peptides (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNEWSNEXTSFC separation of peptidesBritt EricksonCite this: Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 5, 1378Publication Date (Web):March 1, 2006Publication History Published online1 March 2006Published inissue 1 March 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac069377zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac069377znewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views932Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (53 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Comparative analysis of DITC and DTFC of switched reluctance motor for EV applications (2017)

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) presents simple construction, high starting torque, wide speed range, high efficiency and high reliability which are appropriate for an Electric Vehicle (EV) drive system. However, SRM has some issues such as high torque ripple, acoustic noise, vibration due to non-linearities, and require a position sensor for control. The purpose of this paper is to compare two different control techniques and to find which method can provide better performance in terms of controllability and efficiency. The first technique is Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC), i.e only torque is controlled with in the hysteresis band. The second technique is Direct Torque and Flux Control (DTFC), i.e both torque as well as stator flux vector is controlled in the hysteresis band. Principles of both these methods are discussed in detail. The performance analysis of these methods for 6/4 SRM are carried out and validated from simulation results. Conclusions are drawn from the results and the advantages and drawbacks of each method are addressed.
Studies on polycyclic azaarenes. 2. Synthesis of trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenz[c]acridine and trans-8,9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrobenz[c]acridine (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on polycyclic azaarenes. 2. Synthesis of trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenz[c]acridine and trans-8,9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrobenz[c]acridineD. Ramesh, Gandhi K. Kar, Basanta G. Chatterjee, and Jayanta K. RayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1, 212–214Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00236a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00236a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conversion of alkoxy-9,10-anthraquinones to alkoxyanthracenes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of alkoxy-9,10-anthraquinones to alkoxyanthracenesNagaraj Shyamasundar and Paul CaluweCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 4, 809–811Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00317a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views787Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (412 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Meeting Report: 2015 PDA Virus & TSE Safety Forum (2016)

The report provides a summary of the presentations at the Virus & TSE Safety Forum 2015 organized by the Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) and held in Cascais, Portugal, from 9 to 11 June, 2015. As with previous conferences of this series, the PDA Virus & TSE Safety Forum 2015 provided an excellent forum for the exchange of information and opinions between the industry, research organizations, and regulatory bodies. Regulatory updates on virus and TSE safety aspects illustrating current topics of discussion at regulatory agencies in Europe and the United States were provided; the conference covered emerging viruses and new virus detection systems that may be used for the investigation of human pathogenic viruses as well as the virus safety of cell substrates and of raw material of ovine/caprine or human origin. Progress of development and use of next-generation sequencing methods was shown by several examples. Virus clearance data illustrating the effectiveness of inactivation or removal methods were presented and data provided giving insight into the mechanism of action of these technologies. In the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) part of the conference, the epidemiology of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was reviewed and an overview about diagnostic tests provided; current thinking about the spread and propagation of prions was presented and the inactivation of prions by disinfection (equipment) and in production of bovine-derived reagents (heparin) shown. The current report provides an overview about the outcomes of the 2015 PDA Virus & TSE Safety Forum, a unique event in this field.
The Tritone Paradox: Correlate with the Listener's Vocal Range for Speech (1990)

In the tritone paradox, two tones are presented that are related by a halfoctave. Each tone consists of a set of octave-related sinusoids whose amplitudes are scaled by a bell-shaped spectral envelope; thus the usual cues to height attribution are missing. When listeners judge whether such tone pairs form ascending or descending patterns, judgments are related in an orderly fashion to the positions of the tones along the pitch class circle: Tones in one region of the circle are heard as higher and those in the opposite region as lower. However, listeners differ strikingly in the orientation of the pitch-class circle with respect to height. So far, the basis of the tritone paradox and the reasons for the individual differences in its manifestation have proved elusive. In the present study, a correlation is found between perception of the tritone paradox and the range of fundamental frequencies of the listener's speaking voice. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a close connection between the perception of a musical pattern on the one hand and the listener's speech characteristics on the other.
Scaffold Hopping in Drug Discovery Using Inductive Logic Programming (2008)

In chemoinformatics, searching for compounds which are structurally diverse and share a biological activity is called scaffold hopping. Scaffold hopping is important since it can be used to obtain alternative structures when the compound under development has unexpected side-effects. Pharmaceutical companies use scaffold hopping when they wish to circumvent prior patents for targets of interest. We propose a new method for scaffold hopping using inductive logic programming (ILP). ILP uses the observed spatial relationships between pharmacophore types in pretested active and inactive compounds and learns human-readable rules describing the diverse structures of active compounds. The ILP-based scaffold hopping method is compared to two previous algorithms (chemically advanced template search, CATS, and CATS3D) on 10 data sets with diverse scaffolds. The comparison shows that the ILP-based method is significantly better than random selection while the other two algorithms are not. In addition, the ILP-based method retrieves new active scaffolds which were not found by CATS and CATS3D. The results show that the ILP-based method is at least as good as the other methods in this study. ILP produces human-readable rules, which makes it possible to identify the three-dimensional features that lead to scaffold hopping. A minor variant of a rule learnt by ILP for scaffold hopping was subsequently found to cover an inhibitor identified by an independent study. This provides a successful result in a blind trial of the effectiveness of ILP to generate rules for scaffold hopping. We conclude that ILP provides a valuable new approach for scaffold hopping.
Saliva contamination of dentin bonding agents. (1997)

This study examined the shear bond strength to dentin of two dentin bonding agents when contaminated with a measured amount of saliva at various stages in their application procedure. Eighty extracted human third molar teeth were randomly separated into four groups of 10 for each of the dentin bonding systems tested (All-Bond 2, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose). Group A specimens were not contaminated; primer/adhesive/resin were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. In Group B, samples were contaminated for 15 seconds with fresh whole human saliva, and then forcibly dried with a blast of oil-free air; this occurred after application of the primer but prior to application of adhesive. In Group C, contamination occurred after application of adhesive, prior to application of resin. In Group D, saliva was allowed to contaminate the surface as the primer was being applied, without forcible removal. Specimens were then thermocycled, mounted, and tested in shear on an Instron at 7 days. Bond strengths in MPa were obtained, and data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, at the P = 0.05 level of significance. Although shear bond strengths were lowered in saliva-contaminated samples, there was no statistically significant difference between group means.
Investigation of Intermetallic Energy Transfers in Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Molecular Alloys: Case Study of Trimesate-Based Compounds (2022)

Reactions in water at ambient temperature and pressure between a lanthanide ion and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (or trimesate) lead to two series of iso-structural coordination polymers. Their general chemical formula is [Ln(tma)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>∞</sub> for the lightest lanthanide ions (Ln = La-Dy except <i>Pm</i>), while it is [Ln(tma)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>·3.5H<sub>2</sub>O]<sub>∞</sub> for the heaviest ones (Ho-Lu plus Y). For the heaviest lanthanide ions, reactions at 50 °C lead to a third structural family with the general chemical formula [Ln(tma)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>·1.5H<sub>2</sub>O]<sub>∞</sub> with Ln = Ho-Lu plus Y. Homo-lanthanide coordination polymers that belong to the latter two families do not exhibit luminescence in the visible region. Therefore, we used a phase induction strategy to obtain molecular alloys that belong to these structural families and show sizeable emission. The random distribution of the lanthanide ions over the metallic sites has been investigated using <sup>89</sup>Y and <sup>139</sup>La solid-state NMR spectroscopy experiments. Luminescent properties of homo- and hetero-nuclear coordination polymers based on Eu<sup>3+</sup> and Tb<sup>3+</sup> have been studied in detail and compared. As a result, this study strongly suggests that exchange-based intermetallic energy transfer mechanisms play an important role in these systems. It also suggests the presence of an intermetallic exchange pathway through π-stacking interactions.
The effects of caerulein on insulin secretion in anaesthetized dogs (1970)

1. Insulin concentration changes in pancreatico-duodenal venous plasma were studied in anaesthetized dogs injected with caerulein.2. Rises in insulin concentration were elicited by rapid intravenous injection of caerulein, as well as by intravenous infusion. Threshold doses were 10 ng/kg and 0.5-1 (ng/kg)/min respectively.3. At the highest dose used (500 ng/kg by rapid intravenous injection and (25 ng/kg)/min by intravenous infusion) the increase in immuno-reactive insulin release was approximately 7 to 9 times the base levels.4. Adrenalectomy potentiated the effects of intravenous infusion of caerulein.5. On a molar basis, caerulein was 2-3 times as active as pancreozymin.6. It is concluded that caerulein is a potent stimulant of pancreatic islets in the dog and that it may be considered as a model peptide, capable of being substituted for pancreozymin in any experiment.7. The mechanism of the insulin stimulating effect of caerulein is discussed. The possibility of a direct "beta-cytotropic" effect of the peptide is suggested.
Reduced Sensitivity RDX Part I: Literature Review and DSTO Evaluation (2003)

In recent years it has been discovered that a form of the high explosive RDX exists which is identical to conventional RDX grades, with the exception that it is significantly less sensitive to shock stimuli in cast-cured polymer bonded explosives. This RDX, known as Reduced Sensitivity RDX, has the potential to provide major benefits in the field of Insensitive Munitions, particularly in sympathetic detonation scenarios. It has been shown that the Grade A RDX produced in Australia by ADI Ltd is a Reduced Sensitivity RDX.
Ferroelectric dead layer driven by a polar interface (2010)

Based on first-principles and model calculations we investigate the effect of polar interfaces on the ferroelectric stability of thin-film ferroelectrics. As a representative model, we consider a ${\text{TiO}}_{2}$-terminated ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ film with LaO monolayers at the two interfaces that serve as doping layers. We find that the polar interfaces create an intrinsic electric field that is screened by the electron charge leaking into the ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ layer. The amount of the leaking charge is controlled by the boundary conditions which are different for three heterostructures considered, namely, vacuum/$\text{LaO}/{\text{BaTiO}}_{3}/\text{LaO}$, $\text{LaO}/{\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$, and ${\text{SrRuO}}_{3}/\text{LaO}/{\text{BaTiO}}_{3}/\text{LaO}$. The intrinsic electric field forces ionic displacements in ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ to produce the electric polarization directed into the interior of the ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ layer. This creates a ferroelectric dead layer near the interfaces that is nonswitchable and thus detrimental to ferroelectricity. Our first-principles and model calculations demonstrate that the effect is stronger for a larger effective ionic charge at the interface and longer screening length due to a stronger intrinsic electric field that penetrates deeper into the ferroelectric. The predicted mechanism for a ferroelectric dead layer at the interface controls the critical thickness for ferroelectricity in systems with polar interfaces.
Hypoxic cell cytotoxin tirapazamine induces acute changes in tumor energy metabolism and pH: A 31p magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (1998)

Tirapazamine is a hypoxic cell cytotoxin in phase II/III trials. To further understand its mechanism of action in vivo, we examined the effect of tirapazamine on tumor energy metabolism and pH. RIF-1 and SCCVII tumors were grown subcutaneously in the flanks of C3H mice. Tumor energy metabolism, expressed as the ratio of inorganic phosphate to nucleotide triphosphate (Pi/NTP), and intracellular pH (pHi), were measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In RIF-1 and SCCVII tumors, tirapazamine increased the Pi/NTP ratio by 2.6-fold and 3-fold, respectively, within the first hour after an intraperitoneal dose of 0.3 mmol/kg. A corresponding decrease in pHi from 7.05 ± 0.07 to 6.48 ± 0.06, and 7.21 ± 0.09 to 6.45 ± 0.02 in RIF-1 and SCCVII tumors, respectively, was observed. The decrease in tumor 31P bioenergetics and pH was reversible, as exemplified by RIF-1 tumors, which showed a further increase in Pi/NTP ratio of 3.5-fold by 5–8 hr, returning to normal range at 24 hr. Corresponding pHi of RIF-1 tumors was 6.88 ± 0.05 at 5–8 hr and 7.16 ± 0.05 at 24 hr. We concluded that tirapazamine induces acute changes in tumor energy metabolism and pHi. These findings are relevant to the rational selection and optimal timing of coadministered therapy. Radiat. Oncol. Invest. 6:249–254, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of Molecular Alterations in Petroclival Meningiomas and Their Correlation with Extent of Tumor Resection (2012)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine molecular alterations in meningiomas and their correlation with subtotal versus gross total resection.
Gastrointestinal handling of [1-13C]palmitic acid in healthy controls and patients with cystic fibrosis (1997)

There does not appear to be a specific defect in the absorption of [1-13C]palmitic acid in patients with cystic fibrosis. The reasons why cystic fibrosis patients appear to absorb more of this saturated fatty acid than healthy children is not clear and requires further investigation.
Uncovering the mechanisms of electrolyte permeation in porous electrodes for redox flow batteries through real timein situ3D imaging (2018)

Results reveal counter-intuitive behaviors of the electrolyte flow whereby capillary driven flow is secondary to the primary wetting mechanisms.
Long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids as possible important metabolites for primary angle‐closure glaucoma based on targeted metabolomic analysis (2017)

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a severe chronic neurodegenerative disease in Asia. Identification of important metabolites associated with PACG is crucial for early intervention and advancing knowledge of the disease mechanism. We applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for targeted metabolomic analysis on serum samples from 38 newly diagnosed PACG patients and 48 controls. Palmitoleic acid (PA), linoleic acid (LA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) were identified as important metabolites associated with PACG. PA and GLA were significantly elevated (p < 0.05), while LA and ARA showed a significantly decreased trend (p < 0.05) in PACG group compared with the control group. Also, significant negative correlations were observed between LA and ARA levels and intraocular pressure of the left eye (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.750, p < 0.001; r<sub>s</sub> = -0.729, p < 0.001) and the right eye (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.786, p < 0.001; r<sub>s</sub> = -0.764, p < 0.001). Serum GLA level was positively correlated with intraocular pressure of the left eye (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.233, p = 0.031) and the right eye (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.226, p = 0.036). Our findings revealed a significant difference of the serum free fatty acid metabolic profiles between PACG patients and control subjects. Furthermore, PA, LA, ARA and GLA appear to have clinical applications for the screening of PACG.