gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of fungi in heterogeneous sediment microbial networks (2019)

While prokaryote community diversity and function have been extensively studied in soils and sediments, the functional role of fungi, despite their huge diversity, is widely unexplored. Several studies have, nonetheless, revealed the importance of fungi in provisioning services to prokaryote communities. Here, we hypothesise that the fungal community plays a key role in coordinating entire microbial communities by controlling the structure of functional networks in sediment. We selected a sediment environment with high niche diversity due to prevalent macrofaunal bioturbation, namely intertidal mangrove sediment, and explored the assembly of bacteria, archaea and fungi in different sediment niches, which we characterised by biogeochemical analysis, around the burrow of a herbivorous crab. We detected a high level of heterogeneity in sediment biogeochemical conditions, and diverse niches harboured distinct communities of bacteria, fungi and archaea. Saprotrophic fungi were a pivotal component of microbial networks throughout and we invariably found fungi to act as keystone species in all the examined niches and possibly acting synergistically with other environmental variables to determine the overall microbial community structure. In consideration of the importance of microbial-based nutrient cycling on overall sediment ecosystem functioning, we underline that the fungal microbiome and its role in the functional interactome cannot be overlooked.
Shot number analysis at 65-nm node mask writing using VSB writer (2003)

It depends for the writing time of variable shaped electron-beam (VSB) writing system on the number of writing shots. For shortening of writing time, it is most effective to reduce the number of shots. However, Resolution Enhancement Technologies (RET), such as OPC and PSM, make the VSB shot number increase explosively, in addition to reduction of LSI pattern size, and worsens the writing throughput. This is a serious problem for VSB mask writer, and the improvement of a writing throughput is required. In order to solve this problem, we inquired towards diversifying beam shape only from a rectangle. First, we investigated about the curtailment effect of the number of shots by trapezoid aperture adoption. Some latest VSB writer has adopted a triangle shaped aperture to compose the slanting figure in the LSI pattern efficiently. We investigated the efficiency of forming the slanting figure with trapezoid or parallelogram apertures compared with initial triangle aperture shot number. As the result of that, shown in Fig.1, we obtained the result that the shots number was reduced into 50% or more compared with initial triangle shots number. And, we examined a possibility of uniting and applying the character projection (CP) technique, which is adopted as EB direct writing (DW), to mask writing. Since pattern size is, for example, 4 times larger in the case of mask writing compared with the case of EBDW, the area that can extract a common CP pattern out from LSI patterns at mask writing is smaller than EBDW. Then, we extracted CP aperture pattern from cell library data for logic LSI. We obtained the result, shown in Fig.2, that the shot number that was used CP aperture was reduced into about 35% compared with initial VSB shots number. However, the arrangement number of aperture has restriction, and if the arrangement number decreases, the curtailment rate of the shots number will fall. These two techniques are fundamentally effective in curtailment of writing shots number. Furthermore, we will discuss with the possibility of applying these techniques to mask writing and with some problems to solve for the application of these techniques.
An Auditory Process Model for the Evaluation of Virtual Acoustic Imaging Systems (2006)

This paper describes the initial application of an auditory process model to the evaluation of various virtual acoustic imaging systems. The model has been designed to simulate human binaural hearing by means of an equalization-cancellation process for the binaural process and a template-matching with frequency weighting for the central process, while linear and nonlinear filters have been employed for the peripheral process. The model prediction has been shown to be consistent with the performance of human spatial hearing in case of localization of white Gaussian noise and the lateralization of low-frequency pure tones. In this paper virtual acoustic images presented by conventional stereophony, the stereo dipole, and the optimal source distribution have been tested on the optimal listening positions, following a discussion on the template matching process of the model. The simulation results suggest that the current model, with certain limitations, can be a good predictor of the fidelity of such systems in providing a virtual sound image.
[A technique of accelerated immunization of animals producing antivenom serum]. (1979)

A technique of "fast" immunization, for antivenom serum production, is reported. Comparatively to the common technique, this fast method is characterized by more numerous immunizing injections (15 instead of 8) during the two first cycles of immunisation, higher venom doses and the lack of the rest period taking place between the two first cycles of immunization in the common technique. By this fast technique one may obtain a highly efficient anti-venmous serum within 2 1/2 to 3 months whereas the common technique needs 3 1/2 to 4 months to obtain the same results.
De la C.F.T.C. à la C.F.D.T. (1965)

Adam Gérard. De la C.F.T.C. à la C.F.D.T. In: Revue française de science politique, 15ᵉ année, n°1, 1965. pp. 87-103.
Periodontal disease in the oldest‐old living in Kungsholmen, Sweden: findings from the KEOHS project (2006)

These findings document the substantial and ongoing impact of periodontal disease in a sample of generally healthy, community dwelling older adults and underscore the importance of continued periodontal disease prevention and treatment in the oldest-old.
An imbalance in C/EBPs and increased mitochondrial activity in asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells: novel targets in asthma therapy? (2009)

The asthma prevalence was increasing over the past two decades worldwide. Allergic asthma, caused by inhaled allergens of different origin or by food, is mediated by inflammatory mechanisms. The action of non-allergic asthma, induced by cold air, humidity, temperature or exercise, is not well understood. Asthma affects up to 15% of the population and is treated with anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxing drugs which allow symptom control. Asthma was first defined as a malfunction of the airway smooth muscle, later as an imbalanced immune response of the lung. Recent studies placed the airway smooth muscle again into the focus. Here we summarize the molecular biological basis of the deregulated function of the human airway smooth muscle cell as a cause or important contributor to the pathology of asthma. In the asthmatic human airway smooth muscle cells, there is: (i) a deregulation of cell differentiation due to low levels of maturation-regulating transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, thereby reducing the cells threshold to proliferate and to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines under certain conditions; (ii) a higher basal energy turnover that is due to increased number and activity of mitochondria; and (iii) a modified feedback mechanism between cells and the extracellular matrix they are embedded in. All these cellular pathologies are linked to each other and to the innate immune response of the lung, but the sequence of events is unclear and needs further investigation. However, these findings may present the basis for the development of novel curative asthma drugs.
Primera cita de Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815) en aguas de Galicia (1997)

@First record of Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815), in Galician waters. In thepresent papq a specimen ojcaranx crysos is cited jor Galician waters (northwest Spain). The descriptionFts jairly well with those jound in the literature, excqbt jor the spine slanted toward thefront that some authors have jound in thejrst dorsal
Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum (2022)

The Omicron lineage of SARS-CoV-2, which was first described in November 2021, spread rapidly to become globally dominant and has split into a number of sublineages. BA.1 dominated the initial wave but has been replaced by BA.2 in many countries. Recent sequencing from South Africa's Gauteng region uncovered two new sublineages, BA.4 and BA.5, which are taking over locally, driving a new wave. BA.4 and BA.5 contain identical spike sequences, and although closely related to BA.2, they contain further mutations in the receptor-binding domain of their spikes. Here, we study the neutralization of BA.4/5 using a range of vaccine and naturally immune serum and panels of monoclonal antibodies. BA.4/5 shows reduced neutralization by the serum from individuals vaccinated with triple doses of AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccine compared with BA.1 and BA.2. Furthermore, using the serum from BA.1 vaccine breakthrough infections, there are, likewise, significant reductions in the neutralization of BA.4/5, raising the possibility of repeat Omicron infections.
10.1016/s0967-0653(97)83156-0 (2000)

The susceptibility of diploid and triploid (2N and 3N) Crassostrea gigas to Perkinsus marinus was compared, in the laboratory, with that of Crassostrea virginica al three test temperatures (10, 15, and 25 degrees C) at 20-22 ppt and at three test salinities (3, 10, and 20 ppt) at a temperature of 19-22 degrees C. Experimental oysters were challenged twice with freshly isolated P, marinus meronts, after acclimation to test temperatures and salinities. Although infection prevalence and intensity increased with temperature (p = 0.0001) and salinity in P. marinus-challenged oysters of both oyster species: they were highest in C. virginica groups. Infection intensity was significantly (p = 0.001) higher in P. marinus-challenged C. virginica than C. gigas (2N and 3N) at all temperatures; however, infection prevalence was not statistically different at any temperature treatment. In all salinity treatments, prevalence and infection intensity were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in P. marinus-challenged C. virginica than 2N and 3N C. gigas. Because high infection prevalence and intensity were found in non-challenged C. virginica, part of the recorded prevalence and intensity in challenged C. virginica was probably attributed to latent infection carried over from the field. High mortality occurred in both 2N and 3N C. gigas during temperature and salinity adjustment, particularly at 25 degrees C and 3 psu.
On Connectivity and Capacity of Wireless Mesh (2007)

Wireless Mesh Networks represent an interesting technology due to their reliability, broad coverage and relatively easy and inexpensive scalability. The architecture is mainly a hybrid solution between ad-hoc and infrastructure networking, where each node potentially acts as a relay, forwarding traffic generated by other nodes. Even if solutions are already available, many research topics have yet to be investigated, as no theoretical studies are available to determine the performance of such networking paradigm. In this work, we aim at providing mathematical expressions for connectivity and cumulative capacity of a mesh network on the basis of the network configuration, in order to provide guiding principles in mesh networks' design and development. An analytical approach is used in determining the connectivity probability, while the bottleneck collision domain concept is adopted to estimate capacity. The framework is further validated through comparison with simulation results.
Fluidization and Resolidification of the Human Bladder Smooth Muscle Cell in Response to Transient Stretch (2010)

Taken together, these results implicate extremely rapid actin disassembly in the fluidization response, and slow actin reassembly in the resolidification response. In the bladder smooth muscle cell, the fluidization response to transient stretch occurs not through signaling pathways, but rather through release of increased tensile forces that drive acute disassociation of actin.
Experimental Channel Statistics of Drone-to-Ground Retro-Reflected FSO Links With Fine-Tracking Systems (2021)

The utilization of drones as flying base stations (BSs) in the sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks has attracted much attention recently. In this context, free-space optical (FSO) systems could be deployed to provide high-capacity fronthaul/backhaul links between drones and ground BSs. Particularly, a drone-to-ground FSO communication link can be established by equipping the drone with a modulating retro-reflector (MRR) to modulate the incoming optical beam and reflect the modulated beam back along the same path. This helps to alleviate stringent pointing requirements from the drone while satisfying the limited size, weight, and power (SWaP) consumption requirements. Nevertheless, the underlying physical channel effects of this aerial retro-reflected FSO system have never been experimentally explored in the literature. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the experimental channel statistics of a drone-to-ground retro-reflected FSO link, offering practical insights into the angle-of-arrival (AoA) fluctuations at the receiver, the channel coherence time, the probability of fade, the level crossing rate, the average fade duration, and the time-frequency channel characteristics. Our results are expected to serve as practical sources of reference for the theoretical performance analyses and engineering designs of drone-based retro-reflected FSO systems.
Simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs using empirical transfer function (2004)

This research utilizes the imbibition experiments and X-ray tomography results for modeling fluid flow in naturally fractured reservoirs. Conventional dual porosity simulation requires large number of runs to quantify transfer function parameters for history matching purposes. In this study empirical transfer functions (ETF) are derived from imbibition experiments and this allows reduction in the uncertainness in modeling of transfer of fluids from the matrix to the fracture. The application of the ETF approach is applied in two phases. In the first phase, imbibition experiments are numerically solved using the diffusivity equation with different boundary conditions. Usually only the oil recovery in imbibition experiments is matched. But with the advent of X-ray CT, the spatial variation of the saturation can also be computed. The matching of this variation can lead to accurate reservoir characterization. In the second phase, the imbibition derived empirical transfer functions are used in developing a dual porosity reservoir simulator. The results from this study are compared with published results. The study reveals the impact of uncertainty in the transfer function parameters on the flow performance and reduces the computations to obtain transfer function required for dual porosity simulation.
Virtual manipulatives and physical manipulatives: technology's impact on fraction learning (2010)

This dissertation examines the relative instructional efficiency of virtual fraction manipulatives and physical fraction manipulatives. More specifically, this dissertation uses a randomized experiment to determine if differences in students' knowledge of fraction magnitude exist when students learn basic fraction concepts using virtual manipulatives compared to when students learn basic fraction concepts using physical manipulatives. During the experimental study, students spent two weeks learning about fractions using different forms of manipulatives (i.e. physical or virtual), but other important variables such as the teacher, lesson plans, instructional scripts, the type of practice activities assigned to students, and the amount of time students spent practicing using manipulatives were held constant across conditions. Students completed assessments at the end of both the first and second weeks of the intervention, and the results of the assessments indicate that virtual manipulatives are at least as effective as physical manipulatives and possibly more effective. This dissertation also examines the time-efficiency of using virtual rather than physical manipulatives by tracking the number of practice activities students completed on each day of instruction and making comparisons between treatment conditions. Results indicate that when the amount of time spent practicing is held constant, students complete more practice activities using virtual rather than physical manipulatives. However, the impact on student learning of the additional practice is unclear. 
This dissertation is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter I discusses the significance of the study and the specific research questions and hypotheses that were tested. It also presents the background literature. Chapter II provides a critical review of the empirical literature and a conceptual framework, and Chapter III discusses methodology. Chapter IV summarizes the results, and Chapter V includes the discussion, limitations, recommendations for future research, and conclusions.
Waning of specific antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants five months after a third dose of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in elderly individuals (2022)

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the more transmissible Delta and Omicron variants, has raised concerns on efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we examined the waning of antibody responses against different variants following primary and booster vaccination. We found that antibody responses against variants were low following primary vaccination. The antibody response against Omicron was almost non-existent. Efficient boosting of antibody response against all variants, including Omicron, was observed following a third dose. The antibody response against the variants tested was significantly higher at one month following booster vaccination, compared with two months following primary vaccination, for all individuals, including the low antibody responders identified at two months following primary vaccination. The antibody response, for all variants tested, was significantly higher at four months post booster than at five months post primary vaccination, and the proportion of low responders remained low (6-11%). However, there was significant waning of antibody response in more than 95% of individuals at four months, compared to one month following booster. We also observed a robust memory B cell response following booster, which remained higher at four months post booster than prior to booster. However, the memory B cell responses were on the decline for 50% of individuals at four months following booster. Similarly, while the T cell response is sustained, at cohort level, at four months post booster, a substantial proportion of individuals (18.8 - 53.8%) exhibited T cell response at four months post booster that has waned to levels below their corresponding levels before booster. The findings show an efficient induction of immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants following booster vaccination. However, the induced immunity by the third BNT162b2 vaccine dose was transient. The findings suggest that elderly individuals may require a fourth dose to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Visible Wavelength Planar Metalenses Based on Titanium Dioxide (2016)

We present recent advances in metasurface-based photonics, which enables the realization of high performance planar lenses (metalenses) in the visible spectrum. They are enabled by a technique based on atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide allowing for the fabrication of nanostructures with high fidelity. First, we demonstrate highly efficient metalenses with numerical aperture NA = 0.8 using the Pancharatnam-Berry phase approach. These metalenses can focus light into a diffraction-limited spot. They have efficiencies as high as 86% and provide high imaging resolution. Furthermore, by judicious design of the phase-shifting elements, we achieve a multispectral chiral metalens realized with a single metasurface layer. This chiral metalens can resolve both the chiral and spectral information of an object without the requirement of any additional optical components. Finally, we discuss the experimental realization of polarization-insensitive metalenses with NAs as high as 0.85. They are able to focus incident light to a spot as small as ~0.64λ with efficiencies up to 60%. Due to its straightforward and CMOS-compatible fabrication, this platform is promising for a wide range of applications ranging from camera modules, displays, laser-based imaging, microscopy, and spectroscopy to laser fabrication and lithography.
Capture of high numbers of Simulium vectors can be achieved with Host Decoy Traps to support data acquisition in the onchocerciasis elimination endgame (2021)

Onchocerciasis elimination is within reach in many countries but requires enhanced surveillance of the Simulium vectors of Onchocerca volvulus. Collection of sufficient numbers of adult Simulium to detect infective O. volvulus larvae is hindered by limited sampling tools for these flies. Here, we tested for the first time the Host Decoy Trap (HDT), an exposure free method previously developed for Anopheles vectors of malaria parasites, as a potential sampling tool for adult Simulium. In three replicates of a randomized Latin square experimental design, the HDT was compared to Human Landing Catches (HLC) and the Esperanza Window Trap (EWT). A total of 8,531 adult S. damnosum sensu lato blackflies (S. squamosum group) were found in catches from the three different trapping methods. The HDT (mean catch 533 ± 111) caught significantly more S. squamosum than the EWT (mean catch 9.1 ± 2.2), a nearly 60-fold difference. There was no significant difference between the HLC (mean catch 385.6 ± 80.9) and the HDT. Larvae indistinguishable from those of O. volvulus were dissected from 2.86% of HDT samples (n = 70) and 0.35% of HLC samples (n = 285); a single infective third-stage larvae (L3) was found during dissection of a sample from the HDT. Owing to its very high capture rate, which was comparable to the HLC and significantly greater than EWT, alongside the presence of infected flies in its catch, the HDT represents a potentially valuable new tool for blackfly collection in elimination settings, where thousands of flies are needed for parasite screening.
Highly Efficient CYP167A1 (EpoK) dependent Epothilone B Formation and Production of 7-Ketone Epothilone D as a New Epothilone Derivative (2015)

Since their discovery in the soil bacterium Sorangium cellulosum, epothilones have emerged as a valuable substance class with promising anti-tumor activity. Because of their benefits in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, epothilones are targets for drug design and pharmaceutical research. The final step of their biosynthesis - a cytochrome P450 mediated epoxidation of epothilone C/D to A/B by CYP167A1 (EpoK) - needs significant improvement, in particular regarding the efficiency of its redox partners. Therefore, we have investigated the ability of various hetero- and homologous redox partners to transfer electrons to EpoK. Hereby, a new hybrid system was established with conversion rates eleven times higher and Vmax of more than seven orders of magnitudes higher as compared with the previously described spinach redox chain. This hybrid system is the most efficient redox chain for EpoK described to date. Furthermore, P450s from So ce56 were identified which are able to convert epothilone D to 14-OH, 21-OH, 26-OH epothilone D and 7-ketone epothilone D. The latter one represents a novel epothilone derivative and is a suitable candidate for pharmacological tests. The results revealed myxobacterial P450s from S. cellulosum So ce56 as promising candidates for protein engineering for biotechnological production of epothilone derivatives.