gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of stretching induced self-concentration and self-dilution on coil-stretch hysteresis and capillary thinning of unentangled polymer solutions (2016)

Entov and Hinch [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 72, 31–53 (1997)] predicted a Weissenberg number of 2/3 during capillary thinning of slender filaments of polymer solutions. Data from the experiments of Clasen et al. [J. Rheol. 50, 849–881 (2006)] however show that that is not the case. The Weissenberg number is observed to systematically decrease with concentration in nominally dilute solutions to values well below the critical value of 1/2 for the coil-to-stretch transition to reach a minimum around the critical-overlap concentration c∗, and thereafter increase in semidilute solutions. Conformation dependence of the polymeric friction coefficient and the phenomenon of coil-stretch hysteresis are shown to play vital roles in determining capillary thinning dynamics. A key result is that when steady-state coil-stretch hysteresis exists, transient polymer conformations during capillary thinning evolve quasistatically along the unstable manifold of the hysteresis window. It is further found necessary to account for changes in polymeric friction due to intermolecular interactions as chains stretch in the flow. A new constitutive model for unentangled polymer solutions is proposed combining blob concepts to account for the effect of hydrodynamic screening on the average friction coefficient of partially stretched chains. It is shown that stretching causes intermolecular interactions to become stronger in the dilute regime and weaker in semidilute solutions. Predictions with this constitutive model agree well with the experimental data in capillary thinning.
Bragg diffraction regime in thin semiconductor 2D refractive index gratings (2009)

International audience
Application of bioluminescence-based microbial biosensors to the ecotoxicity assessment of organotins (1997)

The toxicity of two common organotin pollutants and their initial breakdown products (tributyltin, dibutyltin, triphenyltin and diphenyltin) were assessed using two different bioluminescent microbial biosensors: Microtox and lux-modified Pseudomonas fluorescens pUCD 607. The organotins were made up as standards, and tested both in double-deionized water and in extracted soil solution, the latter representing a realistic matrix for terrestrial contamination. Microtox was especially sensitive to the organotins, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values (15 min) for tributyltin as low as 21·9 μg l−1 in pure water, and 0·118 μg l−1 in soil extract. The sensitivity of Microtox was increased by an order of magnitude in soil extract. The Ps. fluorescens was less sensitive, with EC50 values (30 min) of around 800 μg l−1 in pure water. The toxicity to Ps. fluorescens was decreased by around an order of magnitude in soil extract. The two biosensors showed different response patterns, with Microtox being more sensitive to the triorganotins and Ps. fluorescens being more sensitive to the diorganotins.
Analysis of correlation between viscosity Arrhenius parameters: Extension to ternary liquid mixtures (2017)

The study of viscosity-temperature dependence is important for the design and the optimization of several industrial processes and products. In this context, an interesting equation is recently proposed for pure solvents correlating the two parameters of the viscosity Arrhenius-type equation, as knowing the activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (As), allowing the simplification of the viscosity Arrhenius equation to become an expression depending on only one parameter instead of two. The present work investigates the validity of the simplified Arrhenius-type equation for ternary fluids mixtures. The extension of the proposed equation to ternary liquid mixtures is very important since it simplifies the estimation of viscous behavior and the ensuing calculations. Using statistical methods and 114 experimental data from the literature on viscosity for 5 ternary liquid mixtures over different temperature ranges at atmospheric pressure, we found that the validation of the proposed equation depends significantly on the density of liquids and is validated only for 4 studied ternary liquid mixtures. This result opens the way to investigate the sensitivity of the equation’s parameters for more specific mixtures.
A Novel Bone Scaffold Design Approach Based on Shape Function and All-Hexahedral Mesh Refinement (2012)

Tissue engineering is the application of interdisciplinary knowledge in the building and repairing of tissues. Generally, an engineered tissue is a combination of living cells and a support structure called a scaffold. The scaffold provides support for bone-producing cells and can be used to heal or replace a defective bone. In this chapter, a novel bone scaffold design approach based on shape function and an all-hexahedral mesh refinement method is presented. Based on the shape function in the finite element method, an all-hexahedral mesh is used to design a porous bone scaffold. First, the individual pore based on the subdivided individual element is modeled; then, the Boolean operation union among the pores is used to generate the whole pore model of TE bone scaffold; finally, the bone scaffold which contains various irregular pores can be modeled by the Boolean operation difference between the solid model and the whole pore model. From the SEM images, the pore size distribution in the native bone is not randomly distributed and there are gradients for pore size distribution. Therefore, a control approach for pore size distribution in the bone scaffold based on the hexahedral mesh refinement is also proposed in this chapter. A well-defined pore size distribution can be achieved based on the fact that a hexahedral element size distribution can be obtained through an all-hexahedral mesh refinement and the pore morphology and size are under the control of the hexahedral element. The designed bone scaffold can be converted to a universal 3D file format (such as STL or STEP) which could be used for rapid prototyping (RP). Finally, 3D printing (Spectrum Z510), a type of RP system, is adopted to fabricate these bone scaffolds. The successfully fabricated scaffolds validate the novel computer-aided design approach in this research.
Waveguide fabrication in fused silica using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses (2002)

Refractive index changes have been induced inside bulk fused silica by using femtosecond (fs) laser pulses tightly focused inside the material. Waveguides have been fabricated inside the glass by scanning the glass with respect to the focal point of the laser beam. The refractive index change is estimated to be ~ 10<sup>-4</sup>. Other more complex three-dimensional structures have also been fabricated (curved waveguides, splitters, and interferometers). We also report on fluorescence spectroscopy of the fs-modified fused silica using a confocal microscopy setup. Using a 488 nm excitation source, a fluorescence at 630 nm is observed from the modified glass, which is attributed to the presence of non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) defects created by the fs pulses. The fluorescence decays with prolonged exposure to the 488 nm light, indicating that the defects are being photobleached by the excitation light.
Contact Mechanics of Simulated Meniscal Tears in Cadaveric Canine Stifles (2009)

Based on this ex vivo model, we support the clinical recommendation of debriding nonreducible bucket handle, flap, and complex tears because the injured portion of the meniscus no longer contributes significantly to the function of the meniscus. Radial and vertical longitudinal tears do not cause a change in contact mechanics allowing consideration of nonsurgical treatment and meniscal repair, respectively. Future experimental and clinical studies should aim to refine the treatment of specific meniscal injuries.
Fast response film-compensated liquid crystal on silicon display (2006)

We have designed and constructed a fast response liquid crystal on silicon display. The stable alignment of this liquid crystal cell at zero-bias voltage is in the bend deformation. The measured total response time is 0.8ms for the worst case and averages 0.3ms for all gray levels. The optical reflectivity has been optimized to nearly 85% by using a compensation film. The white light contrast ratio is &amp;gt;500 at 6V. This fast mode can be used in field sequential color systems.
MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 EXPRESSION CORRELATES WITH MONOCYTE INFILTRATION IN THE POST-ISCHEMIC KIDNEY (2002)

Chemokines play a prominent role in the acute inflammatory response in several models of kidney disease. We reported that monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) mRNA is increased by ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this report, we examined the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the kinetics and location of MCP-1 protein expression, the excretion of MCP- 1 protein in the urine and on the infiltration of mononuclear cells in the kidney. Pair-fed Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral renal ischemia (50 min) or sham ischemia and placed in metabolic cages for daily urine collections. Kidneys were harvested at d. 1, 3, 7, and 10 after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) or sham-ischemia (S-I). Kidney MCP-1 mRNA levels were increased on d. I and 3 post-ischemia. Kidney MCP-1 protein levels were increased in the I-R group on d. 1 and 3. MCP-1 expression occurred predominantly in the distal tubule segments by immunohistology. There was an increase in monocytes/macrophages infiltration in the I-R group, compared to the S-I or controls by d. 1. Urinary MCP-1 excretion increased 3-fold in the I-R group, and remained elevated above the S-I group and baseline levels, on d. 3 through d. 8. Kidney MCP-1 mRNA levels, protein levels and urinary MCP-1 excretion rates are increased by ischemia-reperfusion injury. The areas of increase in MCP-1 chemoattractant expression correlates with an increase in monocyte infiltration in the kidney. Although its pathophysiologic role remains to be determined, MCP-1 may participate in, and be a biomarker for, the mononuclear inflammatory processes that occur after ischemia-induced acute renal failure.
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) increases phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in reproductive cells (2016)

JAK3 is a member of the membrane‐associated non‐receptor tyrosine kinase protein family and is considered predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. We previously identified JAK3 as a differentially expressed gene in granulosa cells (GC) of bovine preovulatory follicles. This study aimed to further investigate JAK3 mRNA and protein regulation and to identify its binding partners in GC of bovine dominant follicles. GC were obtained from small follicles (SF), dominant follicles at day 5 of the estrous cycle (DF), and ovulatory follicles, 24 hours following hCG injection (OF). RT‐PCR analyses showed greatest expression of JAK3 in GC of DF, while the weakest expression was in OF (P &lt; 0.0001). There was a 5‐ and 20‐fold reduction of JAK3 steady‐state mRNA levels in follicular walls, respectively at 12 and 24 hours post‐hCG as compared to 0 hour (P &lt; 0.05). These results were confirmed in western blot analysis showing weakest JAK3 protein levels in OF as compared to DF. Yeast two‐hybrid screening of a DF‐cDNA library resulted in the identification of 23 JAK3 partners in GC. Moreover, the amount of phosphorylated STAT3 in GC was greatest in SF and DF as compared to OF while the opposite was observed for non‐phosphorylated STAT3. In functional studies using bovine endometrial cells, we discovered that phosphorylation of STAT3 (pSTAT3) in a bovine endometrial cell line was increased by JAK3 while inhibition of JAK3 by JANEX‐1 decreased the amount of pSTAT3. In the same study, we showed that JAK3 increased endometrial cell proliferation as well. We found a similar effect of JAK3 on STAT3 phosphorylation using an immortalized murine granulosa cell line. These results support a physiologically relevant role of JAK3 in follicular development and provide insights into the mode of action and function of JAK3 in reproductive tissues. Support or Funding Information This work was supported in part by internal funds from Université de Montréal to KN and by a Discovery Grant from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to JGL.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Revealing the distinct folding phases of an RNA three-helix junction. (2018)

Remarkable new insight has emerged into the biological role of RNA in cells. RNA folding and dynamics enable many of these newly discovered functions, calling for an understanding of RNA self-assembly and conformational dynamics. Because RNAs pass through multiple structures as they fold, an ensemble perspective is required to visualize the flow through fleetingly populated sets of states. Here, we combine microfluidic mixing technology and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to measure the Mg-induced folding of a small RNA domain, the tP5abc three helix junction. Our measurements are interpreted using ensemble optimization to select atomically detailed structures that recapitulate each experimental curve. Structural ensembles, derived at key stages in both time-resolved studies and equilibrium titrations, reproduce the features of known intermediates, and more importantly, offer a powerful new structural perspective on the time-progression of folding. Distinct collapse phases along the pathway appear to be orchestrated by specific interactions with Mg ions. These key interactions subsequently direct motions of the backbone that position the partners of tertiary contacts for later bonding, and demonstrate a remarkable synergy between Mg and RNA across numerous time-scales.
Epoxy ring-opening reactions of endo- and exo-3,4-epoxy-6-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptan-7-ones (1980)

The epoxide ring in the β-lactams (2) and (3) was opened regioselectively with aqueous hydroiodic acid; attack by iodide occurred at C-3 preferentially. Thiophenolate ions attacked the epoxy-lactam (2) at C(4) with high selectivity while the epoxide (3) was attacked at C(3) exclusively. The differing selectivities of attack by nucleophiles at the epoxide units are explained in terms of an interplay of steric and electronic impositions owing to the neighbouring β-lactam ring.
Small UAS Detect and Avoid Requirements Necessary for Limited Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations (2017)

Potential small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operational scenarios/use cases and Detect And Avoid (DAA) approaches were collected through a number of industry wide data calls. Every 333 Exemption holder was solicited for this same information. Summary information from more than 5,000 exemption holders is documented, and the information received had varied level of detail but has given relevant experiential information to generalize use cases. A plan was developed and testing completed to assess Radio Line Of Sight (RLOS), a potential key limiting factors for safe BVLOS ops. Details of the equipment used, flight test area, test payload, and fixtures for testing at different altitudes is presented and the resulting comparison of a simplified mathematical model, an online modeling tool, and flight data are provided. An Operational Framework that defines the environment, conditions, constraints, and limitations under which the recommended requirements will enable sUAS operations BVLOS is presented. The framework includes strategies that can build upon Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and industry actions that should result in an increase in BVLOS flights in the near term. Evaluating approaches to sUAS DAA was accomplished through five subtasks: literature review of pilot and ground observer see and avoid performance, survey of DAA criteria and recommended baseline performance, survey of existing/developing DAA technologies and performance, assessment of risks of selected DAA approaches, and flight testing. Pilot and ground observer see and avoid performance were evaluated through a literature review. Development of DAA criteria—the emphasis here being well clear— was accomplished through working with the Science And Research Panel (SARP) and through simulations of manned and unmanned aircraft interactions. Information regarding sUAS DAA approaches was collected through a literature review, requests for information, and direct interactions. These were analyzed through delineation of system type and definition of metrics and metric values. Risks associated with sUAS DAA systems were assessed by focusing on the Safety Risk Management (SRM) pillar of the SMS (Safety Management System) process. This effort (1) identified hazards related to the operation of sUAS in BVLOS, (2) offered a preliminary risk assessment considering existing controls, and (3) recommended additional controls and mitigations to further reduce risk to the lowest practical level. Finally, flight tests were conducted to collect preliminary data regarding well clear and DAA system hazards.
Growth of step-free surfaces on device-size (0001)SiC mesas (2000)

It is believed that atomic-scale surface steps cause defects in single-crystal films grown heteroepitaxially on SiC substrates. A method is described whereby surface steps can be grown out of existence on arrays of device-size mesas on commercial “on-axis” SiC wafers. Step-free mesas with dimensions up to 200 μm square have been produced on 4H-SiC wafers and up to 50 μm square on a 6H-SiC wafer. A limiting factor in scaling up the size and yield of the step-free mesas is the density of screw dislocations in the SiC wafers. The fundamental significance of this work is that it demonstrates that two-dimensional nucleation of SiC can be suppressed while carrying out step-flow growth on (0001)SiC. The application of this method should enable the realization of improved heteroepitaxially-grown SiC and GaN device structures.
Diaphragm material for acoustical transducer (1987)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Louis Melilo, Tsutomu Haga, Iwao Sashida; Diaphragm material for acoustical transducer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 November 1987; 82 (5): 1865–1866. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.395740 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Quantitative Assessment of the Immune Microenvironment in African American Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study (2021)

Abstract PURPOSE Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is more common in African American (AA) than Non-AA (NAA) population. We hypothesize that Tumor Microenvironment (TME) contributes to this disparity. Here we use multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to characterize the expression of immunologic biomarkers in the TME in both populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS TNBC tumor resection specimen tissues from a 100-patient case: control cohort including 49 AA and 51 NAA were collected. TME markers including CD45, CD14, CD68, CD206, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD3, Ki67, GzB, Thy1, FAP, aSMA, CD34, Col4, VWF and PD-L1 we quantitatively assessed in every field of view. Mean expression levels were compared between cases and controls RESULTS Although no significant differences were detected in individual lymphoid and myeloid markers, we found that infiltration with CD45+ immune cells (p=0.0102) was higher in TNBC in AA population. AA TNBC tumors also had significantly higher level of lymphocytic infiltration defined as CD45+CD14- cells (p=0.0081). CD3+T-cells in AA tumors expressed significantly higher levels of Ki67 (0.0066) compared to NAAs, indicating that a higher percentage of AA tumors contained activated T-cells. All other biomarkers showed no significant differences between the AA and NAA group. CONCLUSIONS While the TME in TNBC is rich in immune cells in both racial groups, there is a numerical increase in lymphoid infiltration in AA compared to NAA TNBC. Significantly higher activated T cells seen in AA patients raises the possibility that there may be a subset of AA patients with improved response to immunotherapy.
Automated Ferguson analysis of glycoproteins by capillary electrophoresis using a replaceable sieving matrix (1993)

Obtaining accurate molecular weight estimates for glycoproteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has been difficult due to the lack of SDS binding by the carbohydrate moieties of the proteins. This leads to lower charge-to-mass ratios for SDS-glycoprotein complexes, resulting in over-estimation of molecular weights by SDS-PAGE. In order to minimize these inaccuracies for proteins with abnormal charge-to-mass ratios, a Ferguson plot may be employed. This application requires the determination of relative mobilities for standard proteins in addition to unknowns at several different gel concentrations. Historically, this technique has not been popular because it requires time-consuming preparation of gels with varying matrix concentrations, electrophoresis, and staining/destaining of gels. In this paper a procedure is demonstrated which automatically generates all of the data required for a Ferguson plot using a replaceable sieving matrix (thereby eliminating gel polymerization) in a capillary format. In addition, this technique possesses the advantages inherent to capillary electrophoresis, namely, very fast separation times, and on-line monitoring which allows quantitation and precludes post-separation staining and destaining of gels.
"Removal of textile dyes from waste water by ceramic ultrafiltration membrane" (2005)

The characterization of electrical surface properties of membrane materials is critical for understanding and predicting filtration performances of membranes. In this paper, electrical properties and rejection rates of dyes on TiO2/ZnAl2O4 (50/50) ceramic ultrafiltration membranes were studied. A correlation between the filtration results and the streaming potential measured through the membrane was established.
Digital Microelectronic Equipment Problems and Potentials (1961)

Major problems encountered in the design of a micromodule digital computer (MICROPAC) for tactical operation within the Field Army are described and solutions presented. Such problems include module heat transfer, interconnection of modules and module assemblies and selection of module assembly size and configuration. The utilization of the circuitry booklet configuration for module mounting, interconnection and cooling is described. It is shown that reasonable air cooling will provide adequate heat transfer for several thousand modules dissipating an average of 120 milliwatts per module. The quantitative dependence of over-all circuitry packaging density upon connector pin per module requirements, type of booklet and harness wiring, booklet size and configuration, etc. is presented in analytical form. It is concluded that an over-all circuitry section (including connectors, backplane wiring, etc.) packaging density of 150,000 components per cubic foot is obtainable by the utilization of micromodules with an average packaging density of slightly less than 500,000 components per cubic foot. The extent to which the equipment designer and user will achieve their objectives by the application of micromodules to military digital equipment is discussed. It is indicated that more than 60,000 modules (each containing such logical elements as a flip-flop, two logic gates or equivalent) can be mounted, interconnected and adequately cooled within a volume occupied by a 6-foot rack. This dramatic reduction of volume (and weight) is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the equipment support or overhead cost per module.