gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-bandwidth internet video telephony (2000)

We consider the problem of full-duplex video transmission over the Internet, under real-time delay constraints. In this work we present the design of a complete communications system, whose salient features are: (a) a soft real-time transport protocol, whose generated trac characteristics are identical to those of bulk transfers using TCP/IP, thus ensuring complete fairness to other ows in the network; (b) a video coder resilient to moderate amounts of loss of data that are induced by the soft real-time constraint, and also by a continuous probing of the available channel capacity; (c) a unied control module, responsible for both congestion avoidance as well as coder conguration tasks; and (d) very low computational complexity. A key component of our system design is a predictive multiple description video coder working under feedback control. The whole system is implemented on a Linux PC, only in software, without making use of priviliged system calls (e.g., to raise the...
Textbook of Critical Care (1996)

Resuscitation Cell Injury and Cell Death Monitoring Imaging Pulmonary Abdominal Organ Dysfunction Metabolism and Pharmacology Infectious Diseases Hematology/Oncology Trauma Central Nervous System Transplantation Issues in Patient Care Organization and Management of Critical Care Ethical Decision Making in Critically Ill Patients.
In-Flight Measurements of Capsule Shell Adiabats in Laser-Driven Implosions (2011)

We present the first x-ray Thomson scattering measurements of temperature and density from spherically imploding matter. The shape of the Compton downscattered spectrum provides a first-principles measurement of the electron velocity distribution function, dependent on T(e) and the Fermi temperature T(F)∼n(e)(2/3). In-flight compressions of Be and CH targets reach 6-13 times solid density, with T(e)/T(F)∼0.4-0.7 and Γ(ii)∼5, resulting in minimum adiabats of ∼1.6-2. These measurements are consistent with low-entropy implosions and predictions by radiation-hydrodynamic modeling.
Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part II – microstructure evolution during sintering (2022)

Green density of binder jetted parts are typically equal or lower than the powder tap density. Also, anisotropic green porosity distribution is expected because of the characteristics of the binder jetting (BJ) printing process. In this study, the microstructure evolution in terms of phases and porosity characteristics was studied. A transition from irregular-shape interconnected porosity in pre-sintered samples to closed quasi-spherical porosity for samples sintered at 1370°C was observed. EBSD phase map showed ∼2.73% of δ-ferrite in sample sintered at 1370°C. The anisotropic porosity distribution was revealed by a higher area fraction of aligned large pores (>35 µm), within the cross-section perpendicular to the building direction. Chemical analysis showed an increase of C, O and N on the green sample, while a strong decrease was found after sintering when compared with the powder chemistry. δ-ferrite onset, from phase equilibrium calculations, varies from ∼1250°C (sintered sample chemistry) to ∼1350°C (powder chemistry).
Critical Property in Relaxor‐PbTiO3 Single Crystals – Shear Piezoelectric Response (2011)

The shear piezoelectric behavior in relaxor-PbTiO(3) (PT) single crystals is investigated in regard to crystal phase. High levels of shear piezoelectric activity, d(15) or d(24) >2000 pC N(-1), has been observed for single domain rhombohedral (R), orthorhombic (O) and tetragonal (T) relaxor-PT crystals. The high piezoelectric response is attributed to a flattening of the Gibbs free energy at compositions proximate to the morphotropic phase boundaries, where the polarization rotation is easy with applying perpendicular electric field. The shear piezoelectric behavior of pervoskite ferroelectric crystals was discussed with respect to ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transitions and dc bias field using phenomenological approach. The relationship between single domain shear piezoelectric response and piezoelectric activities in domain engineered configurations were given in this paper. From an application viewpoint, the temperature and ac field drive stability for shear piezoelectric responses are investigated. A temperature independent shear piezoelectric response (d(24), in the range of -50°C to O-T phase transition temperature) is thermodynamically expected and experimentally confirmed in orthorhombic relaxor-PT crystals; relatively high ac field drive stability (5 kV cm(-1)) is obtained in manganese modified relaxor-PT crystals. For all thickness shear vibration modes, the mechanical quality factor Qs are less than 50, corresponding to the facilitated polarization rotation.
Numerical Thermodynamic Analysis of Two-Phase Solid-Liquid Abrasive Flow Polishing in U-Type Tube (2014)

U-type tubes are widely used in military and civilian fields and the quality of the internal surface of their channel often determines the merits and performance of a machine in which they are incorporated. Abrasive flow polishing is an effective method for improving the channel surface quality of a U-type tube. Using the results of a numerical analysis of the thermodynamic energy balance equation of a two-phase solid-liquid flow, we carried out numerical simulations of the heat transfer and surface processing characteristics of a two-phase solid-liquid abrasive flow polishing of a U-type tube. The distribution cloud of the changes in the inlet turbulent kinetic energy, turbulence intensity, turbulent viscosity, and dynamic pressure near the wall of the tube were obtained. The relationships between the temperature and the turbulent kinetic energy, between the turbulent kinetic energy and the velocity, and between the temperature and the processing velocity were also determined to develop a theoretical basis for controlling the quality of abrasive flow polishing.
Variance Reduction and Quasi-Newton for Particle-Based Variational Inference (2020)

Particle-based Variational Inference methods (ParVIs), like Stein Variational Gradient Descent, are nonparametric variational inference methods that optimize a set of particles to best approximate a target distribution. ParVIs have been proposed as efficient approximate inference algorithms and as potential alternatives to MCMC methods. However, to our knowledge, the quality of the posterior approximation of particles from ParVIs has not been examined before for large-scale Bayesian inference problems. We conduct this analysis and evaluate the sample quality of particles produced by ParVIs, and we find that existing ParVI approaches using stochastic gradients converge insufficiently fast under sample quality metrics. We propose a novel variance reduction and quasiNewton preconditioning framework for ParVIs, by leveraging the Riemannian structure of the Wasserstein space and advanced Riemannian optimization algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the accelerated convergence of variance reduction and quasi-Newton methods for ParVIs for accurate posterior inference in large-scale and ill-conditioned problems.
Taming the Beloved Beast, by DanielCallaghan (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2018), pp. 280. (2018)

coverage, that distinguishes this text in the marketplace.Above I have attempted to outline those areas about which I had some reservations, and in truth my reservations are both few and minor, but have said less about why I like this text so much.It is beautifully written by a true master of his craft.Although terse, the discussion is always insightful and uncluttered by extraneous detail.My sense is that, for better or worse, there are fewer subjects these days than once there were where a book like this might be used as the primary text.However, as a supplement to many existing texts, one could do a lot worse.Indeed,
Accelerated Reliability Evaluation of Trimetal Integrated Circuit Chips in Plastic Packages (1978)

Accelerated step stress and constant-stress reliability tests have been performed on trimetal MOS and bipolar IC chips wire-and-beam-tape bonded in both plastic and hermetic packages. A failure mechanism related to a high-temperature chemical reaction between the epoxy molding compound and the materials of the device support structure was identified and a solution provided.
New tools for seismic stratigraphic interpretation: Stratal convergence and instantaneous isochron attribute cubes derived from volumetric flattening of experimental strata (2009)

Interpreting seismic data requires inferences to be made from the geometry, character, and spatial association of seismic reflections. Seismic attributes that highlight such associations are essential for understanding basin-fill histories. In this article, we describe two novel attributes obtained from an automatic full-volume-flattening algorithm and apply them to a synthetic seismic volume of experimental strata. The stratal convergence attribute colors reflections according to their degree of convergence, which is commonly high in areas where strata thin because of erosion or nondeposition. The instantaneous isochron attribute measures thickness between reflections and is therefore generally proportional to sediment accumulation rate. These attributes distinguish bounding surfaces and depocenter migration in well-constrained experimental strata. By showing the diagnostic value of each attribute, our study motivates field-based applications of full-volume flattening and attribute co-rendering for seismic stratigraphic interpretation.
Joseph Smith and the West (1960)

As early as 1834, Joseph Smith saw the Church's eventual settlement in the Rocky Mountains. Many contemporary accounts, from members of the Church and others including Governor Ford of Illinois, tell of Joseph's prophecies and plans to move westward. In March 1844, Joseph organized a General Council, or the Council of Fifty, whose immediate responsibility was to plan the Saints' exodus. In the last few months of his life, Joseph was increasingly focused on the journey to the Great Basin. After the martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the General Council, led by Brigham Young, made preparations for the Saints' departure. Joseph Smith laid the foundation for the successful immigration of the Saints to Utah.
Sulfites, Thiosulfates, and Dithionites (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Sulfites and Disulfites 1.1. General Properties 1.2. Ammonium Sulfite 1.3. Potassium Disulfite 1.4. Sodium Disulfite 1.5. Sodium Hydrogensulfite 1.6. Sodium Sulfite 1.7. Analysis of Alkali‐Metal Sulfites 1.8. Toxicology 2. Thiosulfates 2.1. General Properties 2.2. Sodium Thiosulfate 2.3. Ammonium Thiosulfate 2.4. Toxicology 3. Sodium Dithionite 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Quality Specifications and Analysis 3.5. Trade Names and Uses 3.6. Safety and Environmental Aspects; Storage and Transport 3.7. Economic Aspects 3.8. Toxicology
The formation of an aligned 1D nanostructure on annealed Fe/ZnSe bilayers (2009)

A highly aligned one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure was realized at the surface of Fe/ZnSe bilayers grown on GaAs(001) substrates through thermal annealing. These 1D nano-grooves were found to align along the [110] direction resulting in bent reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns when the sample was rotated relative to the e-beam. A model based on Ewald construction is presented to explain the unusual RHEED observation. The formation mechanism of this 1D nanostructure is possibly related to the minimization of surface energy, together with an Fe-Se exchange interaction and Fe-induced decomposition of several top ZnSe atomic layers during thermal annealing.
Splice site mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene causes resistance to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in a human acute leukemic cell line. (1995)

Induction of apoptosis is the molecular basis for the therapeutic application of glucocorticoids (GC) in human leukemia. The beneficial effect of endocrine therapy is, however, hampered by the occurrence of resistant clones evolving under selective GC pressure. To delineate molecular mechanisms of GC resistance, we PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced GC receptor (GR) transcripts and gene segments from a GC-resistant subclone of the human acute leukemic cell line CCRF-CEM, termed CEM-R6. Our analyses revealed that one GR gene allele harbored a point mutation (L753F) previously shown to compromise GR functions in other CCRF-CEM derivatives. On the second allele, we identified an A to G point mutation in the 3'-splice junction of intron G. As a consequence, a cryptic splice site 8 base pairs downstream within exon 8 is recognized, which leads to an 8-base deletion in the GR mRNA, resulting in reading frame shift and 2 consecutive in-frame preterminal stop codons. Translation of this mutant mRNA would produce a truncated GR protein missing 93 amino acids of the ligand-binding domain and expressing 9 altered residues at its new COOH terminus. In concert with the L753F mutation on the other allele, this molecular defect explains the GC-resistant phenotype and provides further evidence for mutational GR gene inactivation as a mechanism for human leukemic cells to escape GC-induced apoptosis.
In vitro formation of hybrid toxins between subunits of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and those of cholera enterotoxin (1981)

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was purified from cells of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from a patient with traveller's diarrhea. Purified LT was separated into A and B subunits by treatment with 6 M urea solution in 0.1 M propionic acid (pH 4.0). Biologically active toxin was reconstituted from isolated A and B subunits of LT. Hybrid toxins with biological activity were obtained in vitro from the A subunit of cholera enterotoxin and B subunit of LT, and from the A subunit of LT and B subunit of cholera enterotoxin. The hybrid toxins show a similar toxicity to that of the parent toxins from which the A subunits were derived. The in vitro formations of the hybrid toxins were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis.
Ikke-medicinsk kontrol af indvoldsorm i grise (2003)

Der er generelt en højere forekomst af indvoldsorm i økologiske grise i forhold til indendørs grise. For at reducere forekomsten af indvoldsorm kan man bl. a. sørge for at nye dyr er parasitfri, holde en moderat belægningsgrad, samgræsse søer med kvier, bruge næsering, ændre foderets sammensætning og fodre grisene med rovsvamp. Derudover anbefales det at man benytter foldskifte, så man fjerner grisene fra smittekilden (ormenes fritlevende larver og æg). Et større markforsøg har vist at larver af knudeormen overlever dårligt i det fri og må overordnet anses for at være et mindre problem. Æg af spolormen og piskeormen kan derimod overleve i flere år selvom især pisleormens æg kan være lang tid om at blive infektive for grise. Grises optag af æg af piskeormen ser ud til at kunne reduceres ved at pløje markerne, mens effekten ser ud til at være mindre for spolormen. De meget store forskelle imellem de tre ovennævnte indvoldsorm gør, at kontrolstrategier bør tilpasses afhængig af hvilke orm, der findes i en given besætning.
Microbiota Is Involved in Post-resection Adaptation in Humans with Short Bowel Syndrome (2017)

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by severe intestinal malabsorption following restrictive surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the functional contribution of SBS-microbiota after resection. It is well-known that SBS-microbiota displayed specific features with a prevalence of Lactobacillus, a low amount of some anaerobic microbes (<i>Clostridium leptum</i>) and an accumulation of fecal lactate in some patients. Patients with jejuno-colonic anastomosis were stratified according to the presence of lactate in their feces and, we observe that the lactate-producing bacteria were predominant in the sub-group of patients accumulating fecal lactate. One case of D-encephalopathy crisis occurred when the D-lactate isoform accumulated in the feces and plasma bicarbonate levels decreased. The fecal sample at the time of the encephalopathy was transferred to germ free rats (SBS-H rats). The SBS-H microbiota conserved some characteristics of the SBS donnor, predominated by lactate-producing bacteria (mainly <i>Lactobacillus</i>), a low level of lactate-consuming bacteria and undetectable <i>C. leptum</i>. However, lactate did not accumulate in feces of recipient rats and the D-encephalopathy was not reproduced in SBS-H rats. This suggests that the intact small bowel of the recipient rats protected them from lactate accumulation and that D-lactate encephalopathy can occur only in the absence of small intestine. After fecal transfer, we also show that gnotobiotic rats exhibited high levels of circulating GLP-1 and ghrelin, two hormones that are known to be induced in SBS patients. Therefore, the microbiota of SBS is a reservoir of biological signals involved in post-resection adaptation.
The hydrodynamical theory of film lubrication (1949)

Abstract The equations of film lubrication are derived from the general equations of hydrodynamics assuming only that the motion is steady, and that it takes place between two surfaces, in relative motion, which are both close together and nearly parallel. Consideration of the relative magnitude of the various term sunder typical conditions as measured in a bearing shows that they are of very unequal orders of magnitude, and that in particular the inertia term s in the momentum and the dilatation and conductivity term s in the energy equation can be neglected. I t is shown that film lubrication is possible if, and only if, either the distance between the surfaces decreases in the direction of motion (the geometric wedge), or the density of the fluid decreases in the same direction (the thermal wedge). These types of film are approximately equal when compared on a basis of equal film thickness and equal decrease. With the geometric wedge a much greater decrease, and therefore load-carrying capacity, is possible, but the thermal wedge from its simpler mechanical construction should be able to equalize matters by running with a thinner film. The equations of film lubrication are derived from the general equations of hydrodynamics assuming only that the motion is steady, and that it takes place between two surfaces, in relative motion, which are both close together and nearly parallel. Consideration of the relative magnitude of the various terms under typical conditions as measured in a bearing shows that they are of very unequal orders of magnitude, and that in particular the inertia terms in the momentum and the dilatation and conductivity terms in the energy equation can be neglected. It is shown that film lubrication is possible if, and only if, either the distance between the surfaces decreases in the direction of motion (the geometric wedge), or the density of the fluid decreases in the same direction (the thermal wedge). These types of film are approximately equal when compared on a basis of equal film thickness and equal decrease. With the geometric wedge a much greater decrease, and therefore load-carrying capacity, is possible, but the thermal wedge from its simpler mechanical construction should be able to equalize matters by running with a thinner film. The equations are reduced to non-dimensional form and the equation of state discussed. For the general case the integration is probably a major computing operation and, in view of the uncertainties in the exact form of the equation of state, not worth while. For the infinite bearing, on the other hand, integration is comparatively simple and has been carried out in the Mathematics Division, N.P.L., for a series of representative cases. The results show that viscosity variation has a profound effect on the performance of the thermal wedge, and that the additional wedging action provided by change of density is likely to be small unless the lubricating surfaces are close together. On the other hand, for surfaces close together and a small variation of viscosity the thermal wedge altogether outclasses the geometric.
RNA cytosine methylation and methyltransferases mediate chromatin organization and 5-azacytidine response and resistance in leukaemia (2018)

The roles of RNA 5-methylcytosine (RNA:m<sup>5</sup>C) and RNA:m<sup>5</sup>C methyltransferases (RCMTs) in lineage-associated chromatin organization and drug response/resistance are unclear. Here we demonstrate that the RCMTs, namely NSUN3 and DNMT2, directly bind hnRNPK, a conserved RNA-binding protein. hnRNPK interacts with the lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs), GATA1 and SPI1/PU.1, and with CDK9/P-TEFb to recruit RNA-polymerase-II at nascent RNA, leading to formation of 5-Azacitidine (5-AZA)-sensitive chromatin structure. In contrast, NSUN1 binds BRD4 and RNA-polymerase-II to form an active chromatin structure that is insensitive to 5-AZA, but hypersensitive to the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 and to the downregulation of NSUN1 by siRNAs. Both 5-AZA-resistant leukaemia cell lines and clinically 5-AZA-resistant myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia specimens have a significant increase in RNA:m<sup>5</sup>C and NSUN1-/BRD4-associated active chromatin. This study reveals novel RNA:m<sup>5</sup>C/RCMT-mediated chromatin structures that modulate 5-AZA response/resistance in leukaemia cells, and hence provides a new insight into treatment of leukaemia.
Mechanistic Insight into the Formation of Acetic Acid from the Direct Conversion of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Zinc-Modified H–ZSM-5 Zeolite (2013)

Methane and carbon dioxide are known greenhouse gases, and the conversion of these two C1-building blocks into useful fuels and chemicals is a subject of great importance. By solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we found that methane and carbon dioxide can be co-converted on a zinc-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite (denoted as Zn/H-ZSM-5) to form acetic acid at a low temperature range of 523-773 K. Solid-state (13)C and (1)H MAS NMR investigation indicates that the unique nature of the bifunctional Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst is responsible for this highly selective transformation. The zinc sites efficiently activate CH4 to form zinc methyl species (-Zn-CH3), the Zn-C bond of which is further subject to the CO2 insertion to produce surface acetate species (-Zn-OOCCH3). Moreover, the Brønsted acid sites play an important role for the final formation of acetic acid by the proton transfer to the surface acetate species. The results disclosed herein may offer the new possibility for the efficient activation and selective transformation of methane at low temperatures through the co-conversion strategy. Also, the mechanistic understanding of this process will help to the rational design of robust catalytic systems for the practical conversion of greenhouse gases into useful chemicals.
Photonics-based same-frequency RF interference mitigation (2016)

We report on a novel implementation of a photonics-based RF interference mitigation system which is capable of suppressing same-frequency interference from a known signal at least 40 dB stronger than the signal-of-interest. Our technique will be valuable in future simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) systems.