gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Decrease in Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Response to Weight Reduction Is Inversely Related to the Severity of Insulin Resistance in Overweight Women* (2000)

Controversial effects of weight reduction on gonadotropin secretion in obesity have been reported. As a result of pulsatility, single serum samples or frequent sampling studies are somewhat limited with regard to monitoring LH and FSH concentrations. We studied follicular phase nocturnal urinary (nu) LH and FSH secretion and glucose metabolism (150-min euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) during 1 menstrual cycle/30-day period before and after weight reduction in 10 severely overweight infertility patients (age, 29 +/- 3.1 yr; body mass index, 37.1 +/- 3.3 kg/m2; +/-SEM). A 6-week very low calorie diet was followed by a 4-week normocaloric period. The urinary LH and FSH results reported represent samples taken 12 to 2 days before the LH surge, or 10 consecutive samples in the case of amenorrhea. We observed a decrease of 8% (P < 0.001) in percent body fat mass and a 5% (P < 0.005) reduction in waist to hip ratio. Mean nu-LH decreased by 45% [6.06 +/- 1.05 (+/-SEM) to 3.22 +/- 0.71 IU/L], whereas mean nu-FSH remained unchanged. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake increased by 41% (P < 0.01), which was accounted for by a significant increase in nonoxidative glucose disposal (P = 0.003). Serum sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations increased by 39% (P < 0.01), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) levels increased by 46% (P < 0.05). Fasting serum insulin concentrations decreased by 38%, those of leptin by 37%, those of androstenedione by 32%, those of testosterone by 20% (all P < 0.01), and those of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by 13% (P < 0.05). The percent change in nu-LH correlated negatively with glucose uptake (r = -0.76; P < 0.01) and the increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (r = -0.85; P < 0.005) and positively with the percent change in waist to hip ratio (r = 0.79; P < 0.01). The absolute nu-LH levels after weight reduction correlated significantly with fasting insulin concentrations (r = 0.88; P < 0.001) and negatively with glucose uptake (r = -0.67; P < 0.05). No significant relationships were found between absolute levels or changes in nu-LH concentrations and leptin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, or IGFBP-1 concentrations. Our findings suggest that weight reduction with a very low calorie diet results in a decrease in nu-LH concentrations, a reduction in the LH/FSH ratio, and FSH predominance favoring folliculogenesis. The decrease in LH concentrations is inversely related to the severity of insulin resistance. It is possible that the decrease in LH secretion with weight reduction is more dependent on the absolute levels of insulin sensitivity than on the degree of general adiposity.
Formation and Morphology of Zn2Ti3O8 Powders Using Hydrothermal Process without Dispersant Agent or Mineralizer (2011)

Synthesis of Zn(2)Ti(3)O(8) powders for attenuating UVA using TiCl(4), Zn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O and NH(4)OH as precursor materials by hydrothermal process has been investigated. The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results show the phases of ZnO, anatase TiO(2) and Zn(2)Ti(3)O(8) coexisted when the zinc titanate powders were calcined at 600 °C for 1 h. When calcined at 900 °C for 1 h, the XRD results reveal the existence of ZnO, Zn(2)TiO(4), rutile TiO(2) and ZnTiO(3). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show extensive large agglomeration in the samples. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron diffraction (ED) examination results indicate that ZnTiO(3) crystallites formed with a size of about 5 nm on the matrix of plate-like ZnO when calcined at 700 °C for 1 h. The calcination samples have acceptable absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm, indicating that the zinc titanate precursor powders calcined at 700 °C for 1 h can be used as an UVA-attenuating agent.
Physiology of the lacrimal system. (1990)

The precorneal tear film has a three-layered structure: the superficial lipid layer, the underlying aqueous layer and the innermost mucous layer. Some experiments were performed to demonstrate the existence and the destination of each of those layers.
Effects of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I and Growth Hormone in Models of Parenteral Nutrition (1999)

Simultaneous treatment with GH and IGF-I may offer the greatest clinical efficacy because of improved nitrogen retention in association with enhanced lipid oxidation and stimulation of protein synthesis in multiple tissue types.
Thermal characterization of tetrafluoroethylene‐perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymers: Melting behavior and low‐temperature transitions (1994)

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the melting and the low‐temperature transitions of tetrafluoroethylene‐perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymers (PFA). Melting is similar to that of PTFE in that it is subject to superheating, moreover the melt‐crystallized samples show temperatures and heats of fusion lower than the native ones. At temperatures lower than room temperature, crystal‐crystal transitions are observed for copolymers containing 2 mol % of perfluoromethyl‐, perfluoroethyl‐, and perfluoro‐ n ‐propylvinylether. In the case of perfluoromethylvinylether as a comonomer, low‐temperature transitions are present only up to a content of 4 mol %. The effect on melting and low‐temperature transitions of both the comonomer content and of the type of side groups has been investigated. The temperatures and heats of transitions show the expected dependence as a function of the comonomer concentration and have been found to be independent on the chemical nature of the side group. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Communitywide Outbreak of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Associated with Non-O157 Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli (1994)

From 20 April through 13 May 1992, 9 children were hospitalized with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Lombardia, Italy, where only 14 cases of this syndrome had occurred in the preceding 4 years. Cases were scattered in a large area encompassing five provinces, and the source of the outbreak was not identified. Eight patients needed dialysis, and there was 1 death. Seven of the 9 cases were examined for evidence of infection by Vero cytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Six children had serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O111, and a VT-producing E. coli O111:NM was isolated from stool in 1 case. This is the first outbreak of VTEC infection recognized in Italy and the first associated with an E. coli serotype other than O157:H7.
Periodontal and Hematological Characteristics Associated With Aggressive Periodontitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis (2006)

Young adults with RA may develop periodontal destruction, and these patients require professional attention. Both differences and similarities in periodontal and hematological variables were seen in individuals with periodontitis, JIA, and RA.
Immunoprofiling of early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis using mass cytometry reveals an activated basophil subset inversely linked to ACPA status (2021)

Although no differences in major lineages were found between early ACPA+ and ACPA- RA, this study identified the reduced presence of activated basophils in ACPA-negative disease as compared to ACPA-positive disease and thereby provides the first evidence for a connection between activated basophils and ACPA status.
Specificity and Ligand Affinities of the Cocaine Aptamer: Impact of Structural Features and Physiological NaCl (2016)

The cocaine aptamer has been seen as a good candidate for development as a probe for cocaine in many contexts. Here, we demonstrate that the aptamer binds cocaine, norcocaine, and cocaethylene with similar affinities and aminoglycosides with similar or higher affinities in a mutually exclusive manner with cocaine. Analysis of its affinities for a series of cocaine derivatives shows that the aptamer specificity is the consequence of its interaction with all faces of the cocaine molecule. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and 2-aminopurine (2AP) fluorescence studies show no evidence of large structural rearrangement of the cocaine aptamer upon ligand binding, which is contrary to the general view of this aptamer. The aptamer's affinity for cocaine and neomycin-B decreases with the inclusion of physiological NaCl. The substitution of 2AP for A in position 6 (2AP6) of the aptamer sequence eliminated the effect of NaCl on its affinities for cocaine and analogues, but not for neomycin-B, showing a selective effect of 2AP substitution on cocaine binding. The affinity for cocaine also decreased with increasing concentrations of serum or urine, with the 2AP6 substitution blunting the effect of urine. Its low affinities for cocaine and metabolites and its ability to bind irrelevant compounds limit the opportunities for application of this aptamer in its current form as a selective and reliable sensor for cocaine. However, these studies also show that a small structural adjustment to the aptamer (2AP exchanged for adenine) can increase its specificity for cocaine in physiological NaCl relative to an off-target ligand.
The Role of the Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid in Gene Transfer (2008)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most promising viral gene transfer vectors that has been shown to effect long-term gene expression and disease correction with low toxicity in animal models, and is well tolerated in human clinical trials. The surface of the AAV capsid is an essential component that is involved in cell binding, internalization, and trafficking within the targeted cell. Prior to developing a gene therapy strategy that utilizes AAV, the serotype should be carefully considered since each capsid exhibits a unique tissue tropism and transduction efficiency. Several approaches have been undertaken in an effort to target AAV vectors to specific cell types, including utilizing natural serotypes that target a desired cellular receptor, producing pseudotyped vectors, and engineering chimeric and mosaic AAV capsids. These capsid modifications are being incorporated into vector production and purification methods that provide for the ability to scale-up the manufacturing process to support human clinical trials. Protocols for small-scale and large-scale production of AAV, as well as assays to characterize the final vector product, are presented here. The structures of AAV2, AAV4, and AAV5 have been solved by X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and provide a basis for rational vector design in developing customized capsids for specific targeting of AAV vectors. The capsid of AAV has been shown to be remarkably stable, which is a desirable characteristic for a gene therapy vector; however, recently it has been shown that the AAV serotypes exhibit differential susceptibility to proteases. The capsid fragmentation pattern when exposed to various proteases, as well as the susceptibility of the serotypes to a series of proteases, provides a unique fingerprint for each serotype that can be used for capsid identity validation. In addition to serotype identification, protease susceptibility can also be utilized to study dynamic structural changes that must occur for the AAV capsid to perform its various functions during the virus life cycle. The use of proteases for structural studies in solution complements the crystal structural studies of the virus. A generic protocol based on proteolysis for AAV serotype identification is provided here.
Rehmannia glutinosa Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats (2011)

Many studies have shown that the steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa (SRG), which is widely used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases in the context of Korean traditional medicine, is effective for improving cognitive and memory impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine whether SRG extracts improved memory defects caused by administering scopolamine (SCO) into the brains of rats. The effects of SRG on the acetylcholinergic system and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were also investigated. Male rats were administered daily doses of SRG (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, 1 h before scopolamine injection (2 mg/kg, i.p.). After inducing cognitive impairment via scopolamine administration, we conducted a passive avoidance test (PAT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test as behavioral assessments. Changes in cholinergic system reactivity were also examined by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the reactivity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus. Daily administration of SRG improved memory impairment according to the PAT, and reduced the escape latency for finding the platform in the MWM. The administration of SRG consistently significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in cholinergic immunoreactivity and decreased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression in the hippocampus. The results demonstrated that SRG had a significant neuroprotective effect against the neuronal impairment and memory dysfunction caused by scopolamine in rats. These results suggest that SRG may be useful for improving cognitive functioning by stimulating cholinergic enzyme activities and alleviating inflammatory responses.
Study of gain, noise, and collection efficiency of GaAs SAM-APDs single pixel (2022)

Abstract III-V-compound semiconductors offer many advantages over silicon-based technologies traditionally used in solid-state photodetectors, especially in hard X-ray applications that require high detection efficiency and short response times. Amongst them, gallium arsenide (GaAs) has very promising characteristics in terms of X-ray absorption and high carrier velocity. Furthermore, implementing charge-multiplication mechanisms within the sensor may become of critical importance in cases where the photogenerated signal needs an intrinsic amplification before being acquired by the front-end electronics. This work reports on the experimental characterization by means of lasers and synchrotron radiation of gain, noise, and charge collection efficiencies of GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs), realized by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), featuring separate absorption and multiplication regions (SAM) and different absorption region thicknesses. These devices have been fabricated to investigate the role of the thickness of the absorption region and of possible traps or defects at the metal-semiconductor interfaces in the collection efficiency in order to lay the groundwork for the future development of thicker GaAs devices for detection of hard X-rays.
Stimulated Orientation of Si Films by Solid‐Phase Recrystallization on a ZnS Film/Glass Substrate (1999)

This paper presents the results of a chemical vapor deposition study on a new heteroepitaxial system in which highly oriented silicon (Si) films are grown on an evaporated ZnS film/glass substrate. The crystallization of the Si film is stimulated using highly oriented ZnS film as a buffer layer on an amorphous glass substrate. Through solid‐phase recrystallization, as‐deposited amorphous Si films on ZnS film/glass changed to Si films exhibiting 〈211〉 preferred orientation. Si film on ZnS film/glass can be recrystallized effectively to have highly preferred orientation as the heat‐treatment time increases. The 〈211〉 preferred oriented Si films could be obtained on an insulator by forming ZnS evaporated film on a glass subtrate. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A smart network with active services for wireless context-aware multimedia communications (2003)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel smart network concept with active services for supporting mobile wireless multimedia communications. The smart network concept includes active services, context-awareness, and user-awareness. The design principle of a smart network is simple and smart: it only adds two major software entities to a wireless network - a smart agent and context knowledge base (CKB) which contains a user's physical, social, and psychological environment information. The CKB can be distributed among different servers. User environment data is sensed by the smart multimedia terminals and stored in the CKB. Upon a request, the smart agent searches the CKB, analyzes and presents its user context information to the requester. The multimedia terminal is smart card driven. Functions of the multimedia terminal including eyeglass-based display, headphone, wearable keyboard and radio devices are distributed around body where they are most convenient for the user and the devices communicate with each other through a PAN (personal area network).
Wound Closure and Postoperative Orthosis (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Diffusion-tensor MRI: theory, experimental design, and data analysis (2002)

The MR measurement of the effective diffusion tensor of water, D, in tissues is described. The definition and physical interpretation of quantitative MR parameters derived from D, (e.g., Trace(D) and measures of diffusion anisotropy) are presented. An overview of DT-MRI data acquisition, experimental design, artifacts and post-processing issues is also provided.
Dimeric α-Cobratoxin X-ray Structure (2012)

In Naja kaouthia cobra venom, we have earlier discovered a covalent dimeric form of α-cobratoxin (αCT-αCT) with two intermolecular disulfides, but we could not determine their positions. Here, we report the αCT-αCT crystal structure at 1.94 Å where intermolecular disulfides are identified between Cys(3) in one protomer and Cys(20) of the second, and vice versa. All remaining intramolecular disulfides, including the additional bridge between Cys(26) and Cys(30) in the central loops II, have the same positions as in monomeric α-cobratoxin. The three-finger fold is essentially preserved in each protomer, but the arrangement of the αCT-αCT dimer differs from those of noncovalent crystallographic dimers of three-finger toxins (TFT) or from the κ-bungarotoxin solution structure. Selective reduction of Cys(26)-Cys(30) in one protomer does not affect the activity against the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), whereas its reduction in both protomers almost prevents α7 nAChR recognition. On the contrary, reduction of one or both Cys(26)-Cys(30) disulfides in αCT-αCT considerably potentiates inhibition of the α3β2 nAChR by the toxin. The heteromeric dimer of α-cobratoxin and cytotoxin has an activity similar to that of αCT-αCT against the α7 nAChR and is more active against α3β2 nAChRs. Our results demonstrate that at least one Cys(26)-Cys(30) disulfide in covalent TFT dimers, similar to the monomeric TFTs, is essential for their recognition by α7 nAChR, although it is less important for interaction of covalent TFT dimers with the α3β2 nAChR.
The effect of visual and auditory cues on seat preference in an opera theater (2008)

Opera performance conveys both visual and auditory information to an audience, and so opera theaters should be evaluated in both domains. This study investigates the effect of static visual and auditory cues on seat preference in an opera theater. Acoustical parameters were measured and visibility was analyzed for nine seats. Subjective assessments for visual-only, auditory-only, and auditory-visual preferences for these seat positions were made through paired-comparison tests. In the cases of visual-only and auditory-only subjective evaluations, preference judgment tests on a rating scale were also employed. Visual stimuli were based on still photographs, and auditory stimuli were based on binaural impulse responses convolved with a solo tenor recording. For the visual-only experiment, preference is predicted well by measurements taken related to the angle of seats from the theater midline at the center of the stage, the size of the photographed stage view, the visual obstruction, and the distance from the stage. Sound pressure level was the dominant predictor of auditory preference in the auditory-only experiment. In the cross-modal experiments, both auditory and visual preferences were shown to contribute to overall impression, but auditory cues were more influential than the static visual cues. The results show that both a positive visual-only or a positive auditory-only evaluations positively contribute to the assessments of seat quality.
Adsorption of non-swelling vapours on the surface of cellulose (1975)

Isotherms have been obtained for the sorption of n-decane, 1,4-dioxan and a number of alkan-1-ols on cotton and ramie fibres at several temperatures, using the gas chromatographic “peak maxima” elution method. The predominant sorption mechanism is concluded to be surface adsorption, and the B.E.T. monolayer capacities, Γm, are reported. For Γ < 2Γm, the Polanyi adsorption potential of the cellulose surface decreases in the order alkan-1-ols > dioxan > decane. Variations of the partial molar enthalpies and entropies with surface coverage are interpreted in terms of sorbate-sorbent and sorbate-sorbate interactions. In addition, both the thermodynamic parameters and a Frenkel–Halsey–Hill treatment indicate that the adsorbed phase of decane is liquid-like at coverages above 1.5Γm while, for butan-1-ol and dioxan, liquid-like behaviour does not appear until at least 2.5Γm.
Design of a neural network based distributed power flow controller (DPFC) for power system stability (2016)

To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional UPFC, this work proposed and Designed a new UPFC technology that addresses these impediments. This novel technology is called the Distributed PFC (DPFC). The proposed DPFC is based on single-phase system, considering the high voltage insulation, the manufacturing cost, and the installation requirement. A hierarchy control of the DPFC system is proposed, which includes local unit control and a central control unit. The central control unit calculates series voltage and shunt real/reactive power commands for every DPFC unit. The local DPFC unit accepts commands from the central control unit, monitors local voltage at the connection point, and realizes its control commands. The functions and performance of the DPFC system is verified with simulation and experiments.
2,6-Dibromobiphenyl Primes Extensive Dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in Contaminated Sediment at 8−30 °C by Stimulating Growth of PCB-Dehalogenating Microorganisms (1999)

We applied the most probable number (MPN) method to test the hypothesis that 2,6-dibromobiphenyl (26-BB) primes polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination by stimulating the growth of microorganisms that dehalogenate 26-BB and PCBs. The experiments were conducted in anaerobic microcosms of Aroclor 1260-contaminated sediment from Woods Pond (Lenox, MA). We estimate that the number of microorganisms capable of dehalogenating 26-BB and PCBs increased approximately 1000-fold (from 3−4.9 × 105 to 2−5.8 × 108 cells/g of sediment [dry weight] or from 0.7−1.2 × 105 to 0.5−1.4 × 108 cells/mL of wet sediment) after priming for 48 days with 26-BB (1050 μmol/L of slurry) in the presence of 10 mM malate at 22 °C. All MPN samples that showed debromination of 26-BB also dehalogenated Aroclor 1260 even in the high dilutions. These results demonstrate for the first time that halogenated biphenyls prime PCB dechlorination by stimulating the growth of PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms. 26-BB primed exclusively meta-dechlorination of the PCBs (Process N), which effected extensive decreases (75−88%) in the hexa- through nonachlorobiphenyls in only 5−8 months at temperatures as low as 8 °C. The highest observed rates of primed dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 ranged from ∼250 to ∼1150 pmol of Cl mL-1 day-1 at 8 and 25 °C, respectively.