gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Author response: The small molecule ISRIB rescues the stability and activity of Vanishing White Matter Disease eIF2B mutant complexes (2018)

Vanishing White Matter Disease mutations compromise the function of the essential translation initiation factor eIF2B by destabilizing the holoenzyme, and the small molecule ISRIB reverses their pathogenic effect by promoting complex formation.
<title>Novel dental depth profilometric imaging using simultaneous frequency-domain infrared photothermal radiometry and laser luminescence</title> (2000)

Frequency-domain IR photothermal radiometry is introduced as a dynamic dental diagnostic tool and its main features are compared with conventional laser luminescence for quantifying sound and defective enamel. A high-spatial- resolution dynamic experimental imaging set-up, which can provide simultaneous measurements of laser-induced frequency-domain IR photothermal radiometric and luminescence signals form defects in teeth, has been developed. Following optical absorption of laser photons, the new set-up can monitor simultaneously and independently the non-radiative conversion via IR photothermal radiometry; and the radiative de-excitation via luminescence emission.
Total Synthesis of Dumsin. 1. Retrosynthetic Strategy and the Elaboration of Key Intermediates from (−)-Bornyl Acetate (2003)

An intramolecular anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement (44 --> 46) serves as the key step in a synthetic approach to the insect antifeedant dumsin. Initial investigations clarified the manner in which (--)-bornyl acetate may be transformed into the exo-norbornenol 44. Two routes were developed to advance beyond 46. The first involved acetal 51 as a matrix that was expected to allow the elaboration of rings D and E. The second plan deferred oxidation of the cyclopentene ring in 46 to a later stage of molecular construction. The latter experiments formed the basis of a protocol that led to the successful acquisition of keto aldehydes typified by 108 and 114.
Applied Social Welfare Functions (2016)

The main purpose of using a social welfare function is to evaluate the way in which economic resources are allocated in identifying which policies work and which ones do not. Policies have heterogeneous effects on individuals. That is, from a public policy perspective, some individuals might lose while others might gain from a policy. In any evaluation, normative judgments cannot be avoided and social welfare functions explicitly specify normative judgments by assigning weights to different individuals.
Integration of Selective Area Anodized AgCl Thin Film with AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for Chloride Ion Detection (2008)

We have demonstrated a selective area AgCl anodization process, which can be integrated with the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for chloride ion detection. A limit of detection of chloride ion concentration achieved was using a anodized Ag/AgCl layer on the HEMT gate sensing area. Unlike the conventional open-circuit potential measurement used for the electrochemical measurement, the drain current of the HEMT was monitored as the output signal in our sensor. The effects of anodization bias voltage and time on the AgCl film properties were investigated. A continuous anodized AgCl film was achieved with the bias voltage of 0.5 or 1 V. However, AgCl films anodized at higher biases (5 V) were not continuous and a larger grain size was obtained. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was used to analyze the composition of the anodized AgCl and showed that slightly chloride deficient films (around ) were obtained.
Field testing of passive diffusion bag samplers for volatile organic compound concentrations in ground water, Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota, November 1999 and May 2000 (2000)

Volatile organic compound concentrations from passive diffusion bag samplers were compared with concentrations from conventional purge (three or more casing volumes) sampling and low-flow purge sampling in side-by-side tests in 17 wells at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, in Fridley, Minnesota. An initial comparison of 1,2-dichloroethene and trichloroethene concentrations obtained by using passive diffusion bag samplers and the conventional purge method in wells where one passive diffusion bag sampler was deployed showed good agreement at several wells but poor agreement at others. Collection of data from multiple diffusion samplers during the conventional purge sampling and during the low-flow sampling, however, suggests that the volatile organic compound concentrations from the passive diffusion bag samplers accurately reflect the volatile organic compound distribution in the screened interval, whereas the conventional purge and low-flow purge samples reflect mixing during pumping. The data also show that contaminant stratification was present in some wells. In one well, trichloroethene concentrations ranged from 470 to 1,600 micrograms per liter over a vertical distance of approximately 6 feet.
Tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphism in helicobacter pylori associated gastric carcinoma (2019)

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Chronic inflammation is a predisposing factor of gastric carcinogenesis. TNF-α is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages and causes development of malignant diseases. It also plays an important role in chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Therefore, TNF-α polymorphisms is studied in Helicobacter Pylori infected gastric cancer.&#x0D; Objective: To find out the high risk group of Helicobacter Pylori infected gastric cancer cases in Asian and Caucasian people.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 130 GC cases and 103 healthy controls from Jichi Medical School, Japan were studied. TNF-α genotype and allele frequency were studied by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).&#x0D; Results: Among the study population TNFa-308A was less frequent in Asian people than those of Caucasian. TNFa-238G allele was more frequent in H. pylori positive GC (p&lt;0.036) cases.&#x0D; Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that TNF-238G polymorphism of TNF-α gene may be closely associated with susceptibility to Helicobacter Pylori infected gastric cancer in Asian patients. This might be due to high cytokine production by TNF-238G allele.
Adipose Tissue Lipokines: Recent Progress and Future Directions (2020)

Beyond classical metabolic functions in energy storage and energy expenditure, adipose tissue is also a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes bioactive factors into blood plasma. Historically, studies of the adipose secretome have predominantly focused on polypeptide adipokines. Recently, adipose-derived blood-borne lipids ("lipokines") have emerged as a distinct class of endocrine factors. Lipokines are intimately connected to intracellular pathways of fatty acid metabolism and therefore uniquely poised to communicate the intracellular energy status of adipocytes to other nonadipose tissues including liver, muscle, and pancreas. Here, we discuss recent progress on our understanding of adipose-secreted lipokines as endocrine regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. We also provide our perspective on future directions for adipose-secreted lipids, including limitations of the currently available experimental data as well as potential strategies for addressing the remaining open questions.
Unwired wine: sensor networks in vineyards (2006)

This paper describes the design, deployment, and output of a large-scale wireless sensor network in agriculture. We began with ethnographic research to determine needs. This research informed the design of a network that was then deployed in a working vineyard. Finally, the sensor data were analyzed for agricultural significance. Our dense-monitoring of temperature allowed us to track, among other things, not only fruit maturity as it responded to heat accumulation and but also damage from freezing as the plants entered dormancy. This paper shows that dense on-the-ground monitoring can have a substantial impact on agricultural practices, quality, yield, and, most significantly, the value of the crop. More than that, this paper demonstrates how a working deployment that provides return on investment (ROI) for the sensor network owner requires domain knowledge about the phenomena to be monitored.
Aminoglycoside Ototoxicity: Prevention in Sight? (1998)

Despite the development of new antibiotics, the aminoglycosides are still indispensable in the treatment of life-threatening diseases. Worldwide they are the most commonly used antibiotics, and their use is expected to increase in the wake of the rising incidence of tuberculosis. The most prominent side effects of aminoglycoside treatment--cochlear, vestibular, and renal impairment--are a limiting factor in the utility of these drugs. A novel mechanism of gentamicin ototoxicity is based on observations of iron chelation and free radical formation. Predictions from this mechanism have led to successful therapeutic prevention of ototoxicity by use of iron chelators and radical scavengers in guinea pigs. The drugs used for this interventive treatment affect neither serum levels of gentamicin nor its antibacterial efficacy. Because these drugs are in clinical use, the suggested protective treatment should lend itself to clinical trials.
Aristotelian principle (2014)

The aristotelian principle purports to be a basic principle of human motivation, one that describes a strong, and not easily counterbalanced, tendency or desire. The principle states that "other things equal, human beings enjoy the exercise of their realized capacities (their innate or trained abilities), and this enjoyment increases the more the capacity is realized, or the greater its complexity" (TJ 374). To illustrate with Rawls's own example: if people can play both chess and checkers, they will tend to prefer the former over the latter, since chess is a more complex game, one that draws on a wider range of abilities. The Aristotelian principle also has a companion effect. "As we witness the exercise of well-trained abilities by others, these displays are enjoyed by us and arouse a desire that we should be able to do the same things ourselves" (TJ 375–376). Rawls introduces the Aristotelian principle and its companion effect in part iii of TJ. The principle and its companion effect, he claims, add content to the formal deinition of a person's good, help to account for our considered judgments of value, and contribute to the stability of a well-ordered society.
Prediction of the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) potential of human spermatozoa using sperm function tests: the effect of the delay between testing and IVF (1996)

To examine the diagnostic significance of several criteria of semen quality and to determine whether their prognostic value is eroded by the time interval between assessment and the attempt at in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with embryo transfer, 73 couples undergoing IVF and embryo transfer therapy were studied. The ability of human spermatozoa to achieve fertilization in vitro was examined in relation to the conventional semen profile, sperm morphology, the computer-aided assessment of sperm movement, ionophore-induced acrosome reaction, acridine orange staining, and chemiluminescent signals induced by phorbol ester and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Spermatozoa were examined both in semen and after preparation on Percoll, some weeks prior to IVF. Fertilization rates were noted to be significantly correlated with elements of sperm movement characteristics, sperm morphology, and reactive oxygen species generation. Prediction of fertilization rates in a stepwise multiple regression analysis was obtained using four variables: sperm morphology, FMLP-induced chemi-luminescence and sperm movement characteristics (beat cross frequency and straightness) (r approximately 0.5). When multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict which samples would achieve fertilization rates above and below a 50% threshold, three variables of predictive value including linearity, average path velocity and FMLP-induced chemiluminescence were selected. Combination of these variables classified the samples achieving good or poor fertilization with an overall accuracy of 83.6%. The time interval between semen assessment and IVF had little effect on the predictive value of these tests. In conclusion, the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa is related to sperm morphology, attributes of sperm movement and reactive oxygen species production. The time delay between testing and IVF did not appear to affect predictive accuracy.
Assessment of waterborne parasites in Irish river basin districts – use of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) as bioindicators (2008)

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is an abundant and invasive molluscan shellfish species which arrived in Ireland’s river basins in the early 1990’s. Inland and coastal surface waters can be contaminated by human waterborne zoonotic enteropathogens such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. hellem and Enterocytozoon bieneusi originating predominantly from wastewater treatment plant effluents and agricultural runoff. Bivalve species, i.e., the invasive zebra mussel, Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) and Anodonta anatina (duck mussel) were used as sentinels and also as biomonitors of the aforementioned waterborne pathogens at twelve sites located in three Irish river basin districts impacted by pollution related to various water quality pressures. A variety of advanced biomolecular techniques were utilized to assess the presence and concentration of these pathogens in molluscan shellfish. At least one pathogen species was detected in bivalves at each of the twelve sites. Cryptosporidium, implicated in several recent Irish gastrointestinal epidemics, was recorded at all sites subjected to agricultural runoff and at one treated wastewater discharge site, linking source-track directly to animal and human fecal wastes. Overall, the results demonstrated a long-term human enteropathogen contamination of Irish waters with consequent public health risk-factors for drinking water abstraction and water-based recreational activities. The study provided further solid evidence that zebra mussels can recover and concentrate environmentally derived human pathogens and therefore can be used for the sanitary assessment of surface water quality.
Kultivierung humaner oraler Keratinozyten (1994)

Die Deckung von Schleimhautdefekten des oberen aerodigestiven Traktes ist eines der Hauptprobleme sowohl der Tumor- als auch der prÄprothetischen Chirurgie. Eine autologe in vitro kultivierte Schleimhaut, fÜr deren ZÜchtung man hochproliferative Keratinozyten ohne kontaminierende Fibroblasten benÖtigt, wÜrde die MÖglichkeiten der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie der MundhÖhle/Pharynx erleichtern und eventuell erweitern. Aufgrund stark divergierender Meinungen bezÜglich Kultivierungs-/PrÄparationstechniken und Wachstumsmedien versuchten wir, eine geeignete PrÄparationstechnik fÜr orale Keratinozyten aus Biopsiematerial zu entwickeln, weiters eine Kokultivierungstechnik von Keratinozyten und bestrahlten Swiss-3T3-Fibroblasten in 96-Well-Platten (ohne Feeder Layer zeigten Keratinozyten weder AdhÄrenz noch Proliferation). Diese ermÖglicht uns den Vergleich der verschiedenen MedienzusÄtze an einer Zellpopulation (Basalmedium: DMEM + 10% FCS). Schleimhautbiopsien (max. 4 cm2) des vorderen Gaumenbogens und der Alveolar-schleimhaut werden mit Kollagenase vom Typ IV 2–4 h verdaut (1. Schritt; fÜhrt zu einer mit Fibroblasten angereicherten Fraktion). Nach Filtration wird das verbleibende Gewebe Über Nacht (4°C) in einer Trypsin/EDTA-LÖsung (2. Schritt) inkubiert. Nach dem 2. Schritt erhalten wir eine hoch angereicher-te Suspension von Keratinozyten (etwa 1,5 × 106 Zellen/Biopsie; ViabilitÄt 70%), laut FACS-Messungen frei von Fibroblasten. In den Kokultivierungsex-perimenten war die Zunahme der 3H-Thymidinaufnahme bei jeweils 2000 Keratinozyten und bestrahlten 3T3-Fibroblasten pro Well am deutlichsten ausgeprÄgt, sodass wir diese Zellzahlen fÜr weiterfÜhrende Untersuchungen einsetzen wollen.
A Probabilistic Strongest Neighbor Filter Algorithm for m Validated Measurements (2009)

A new form of the probabilistically strongest neighbor filter (PSNF) algorithm taking into account the number of validated measurements is proposed. The probabilistic nature of the strongest neighbor (SN) measurement in a cluttered environment is shown to be varied with respect to the number of validated measurements. Incorporating the number of validated measurements into design of the PSNF produces a consistent and cost effective data association method. Simulation studies show that the new filter is less sensitive to the unknown spatial clutter density and is more reliable for practical target tracking in nonhomogeneous clutter than the existing PSNF. It has similar performances to the probabilistic data association filter amplitude information (PDAF-AI) with much less computational complexities.
New Synthetic Approach to Cyclopenta-Fused Heterocycles Based upon a Mild Nazarov Reaction (2003)

The Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of lactam or lactone-derived vinyl triflates and phosphates with alpha-alkoxydienylboronates gives conjugated alkoxytrienes in which one of the double bonds is embedded in a heterocyclic moiety. If subjected to mild acidic hydrolysis, these compounds undergo a 4pi electrocyclization process (Nazarov reaction) which furnishes cyclopenta-fused O- and N-heterocycles in good yields. The scope of the work has been that of closely examining the role and effect of both the heteroatom and the heterocycle ring size on the outcome of the electrocyclization, as well as the torquoselectivity of this process. The presence of the heteroatom was essential in stabilizing the oxyallyl cation intermediate, thus allowing the reaction to occur. The ring size was also a basic parameter in the cyclization step: five-membered azacycles required more drastic conditions to give 5-5 fused systems and did so only after an initial hydrolysis to the corresponding divinyl ketones. As for the torquoselectivity, with both 2-methyl and 4-methyl substituted lactam derivatives steric interactions seem to have a role in forcing the conrotatory process to take place in one sense only: allowing the synthesis of diastereomerically pure compounds to be realized. Because different patterns of substitution on the heterocycle are compatible with the reaction conditions, the methodology developed could be very useful for the synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds containing cyclopenta-fused O- and N-heterocycle moieties.
Noninvasive quantification of regional myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease with oxygen-15-labeled carbon dioxide inhalation and positron emission tomography. (1991)

PET with C15O2 inhalation provides an accurate noninvasive quantitative method for measuring regional myocardial blood flow in patients.
18.5-dB Gain at 18 GHz with a GaAs permeable base transistor (1985)

Permeable base transistors have recently been fabricated using organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) with a gain of 18.5 dB at 18 GHz. This extrapolates to an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{\max}</tex> of 150 GHz which is comparable to the best previous result. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis shows that there is a large concentration of undesired impurities in the grating region of these recent devices. It is quite probable that better performance can be achieved in future devices if those impurities can be eliminated.
Mutation Analysis of the Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes of Marginal Zone Cell Lymphomas Indicates an Origin From Different Marginal Zone B Lymphocyte Subsets (1998)

Marginal zone cell lymphoma is a recently described entity among the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. It likely originates from the marginal zone B cells in the spleen and equivalent cells in the lymph node and extranodal tissues. Recent evidence indicates that marginal zone B cells are functionally heterogeneous and may differ with respect to the pattern of somatic hypermutation in their Ig variable genes. To test whether marginal zone lymphomas may originate from different subsets of marginal zone B cells, we performed a sequence and mutation analysis of the rearranged Ig heavy chain (IgH) variable genes (Vh) of a series of 14 cases of marginal zone lymphoma, occurring in the spleen (4), the lymph node (4), the stomach (2), the orbit (2), the tongue (1), and the skin (1). Our data show that marginal zone cell lymphomas preferentially rearrange the Vh4, Vh3, and Vh1 family genes, without preference for any particular Vh gene. Somatic mutations are present in 13 cases; one case of marginal zone cell lymphoma of the skin showed a germline configuration of the rearranged Vh gene. Mutation analysis shows evidence of antigen selection in three cases of marginal zone cell lymphoma, one of the spleen, stomach, and orbit, respectively. No evidence of antigen selection was present in the other cases. These data indicate that marginal zone cell lymphomas may arise from different subsets of marginal zone B cells. In addition, lymphomagenesis may not be triggered by antigen in all cases of marginal zone cell lymphoma.
User-generated online content 1: Overview, current state and context (2012)

This paper reviews a wide range of scholarly and popular literature to provide an overview of the current state of online user–generated content (UGC). We describe the UGC value chain, introduce three varieties of content (creative content, small–scale tools, and collaboratively–created content), and describe the factors unique to each variety. We then identify the common elements across varieties: motivations for content creation, mechanisms to support content creation and control content quality, and value creation. Throughout the article we identify the interrelationships between social and commercial forces on UGC creation and distribution.
Editorial Comment (1982)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1982Editorial Comment Jack W. McAninch Jack W. McAninchJack W. McAninch More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)53610-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 127(1), p. 71 © 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 127Issue 1January 1982Page: 71 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jack W. McAninch More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Sub-grouped superblock management for high-performance flash storages (2009)

In this paper we describe a new superblock management scheme to overcome the problem of increased erase operations, that results from increasing the degree of interleaving of memory banks in flash memory based storage devices. To improve performance, superblock management is used to increase the degree of linear interleaving of flash memory banks. However, increased interleaving may significantly increase the number of erase operations, thus decreasing device lifetime. The proposed management scheme efficiently separates hot and cold data into two different sub-groups, dramatically increasing the efficiency of superblock merging. According to our simulation results, the number of erase operations decreases by around 27.3 percent, which is enough to significantly lengthen overall device lifetime. Read performance is only slightly degraded by our approach.
Psychotropic Drugs, 3rd ed. (2002)

Article AbstractFrom our regular book review column.This text bills itself as "two books in one," coupling profiles containing essential clinical material required to use psychotropic medications with much more detailed background clinical psychopharmacology. The text turns out to be extremely successful in both endeavors.