gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium galactarate and potassium galactarate (1994)

In both crystals, 2Na + .C 6 H 8 2- and 2K + .C 6 H 8 O 8 2- , the galactarate ion is centrosymmetrical and has a fully extended molecular conformation. The Na ion is coordinated to six O atoms to form a distorted pipyramidal octahedron, with Na...O distances in the range 2.260 (2)-2.451 (2) A, while the K ion is surrounded by six O atoms in a largely distorted triangular antiprismatic arrangement, with K...O distances in the range 2.688 (4)-2.871 (5) A
Exact asymptotics in an infinite-server system with overdispersed input (2019)

This short communication considers an infinite-server system with overdispersed input. The objective is to identify the exact tail asymptotics of the number of customers present at a given point in time under a specific scaling of the model (which involves both the arrival rate and time). The proofs rely on a change-of-measure approach. The results obtained are illustrated by a series of examples.
A Neuro-Fuzzy Application Proposal of an Individual Intelligent Driving Behavior Predictor Device (2013)

Copyright © 2013 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT: Ever since automobiles evolved as the dominant transportation mode, road safety emerged as one of the governments ’ greatest concerns. A number of surveys highlight the fact that unpredictable reaction of drivers is one of the major accident reasons, especially on highways and major roads. Researchers have not made many efforts to tackle this issue, which leaves this a rather untouched problem requiring more research. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) technologies are increasingly being accepted by traffic authorities and people. This paper attempts to offer an ITS solution which can help to learn and predict drivers ’ behaviors which can be useful for predicting their actions and reactions during driving. This approach consists of three major phases: Learning, Modeling and Predicting. An artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied for learning phase and then the learned parameters are utilized in generating a fuzzy model of the driver behavior which can be a basis for the third phase which is prediction. In other words, this research uses a neuro-fuzzy approach to learn, model and predict a driver’s behavior. Previously, researches have been conducted in providing safer roads by using intelligent systems and inter-vehicle communication. The aim is to implement this process in personal devices, each located in every car, which are inter-connected.
Polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in AIDS patients (1994)

We used a test based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 11 CSF samples from 10 HIV-seropositive patients in whom tuberculous meningitis was suspected. PCR was positive in nine samples from eight patients in whom clinical data, CSF findings, evidence of tuberculosis at an extraneural site, and response to antituberculous drug therapy supported the diagnosis, whereas cultures were positive in five of these nine samples and staining in only one. The PCR was negative in 14 CSF samples from the control group.
Decreased cortical inhibition and yet cerebellar pathology in ‘familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy’ (2007)

Cortical hyperexcitability is a feature of "familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy" (FCMTE). However, neuropathological investigations in a single FCMTE patient showed isolated cerebellar pathology. Pathological investigations in a second FCMTE patient, reported here, confirmed cerebellar Purkinje cell degeneration and a normal sensorimotor cortex. Subsequently, we sought to explore the nature of cerebellar and motor system pathophysiology in FCMTE. Eye movement recordings and transcranial magnetic stimulation performed in six related FCMTE patients showed impaired saccades and smooth pursuit and downbeat nystagmus upon hyperventilation, as in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. In FCMTE patients short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was significantly reduced. Resting motor threshold, recruitment curve, silent period, and intracortical facilitation were normal. The neuropathological and ocular motor abnormalities indicate cerebellar involvement in FCMTE patients. Decreased SICI is compatible with intracortical GABA(A)-ergic dysfunction. Cerebellar and intracortical functional changes could result from a common mechanism such as a channelopathy. Alternatively, decreased cortical inhibition may be caused by dysfunction of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop as a result of primary cerebellar pathology.
Effect of surface pattern on the adhesive friction of elastomers (2010)

We present experimental results for the friction of a flat surface against a hexagonally patterned surface, both being made of PolyDiMethylSiloxane. We simultaneously measure forces of range 10 mN and observe the contact under sliding velocities of about 100 μm/s. We observe adhesive friction on three different pattern heights (80, 310, and 2100 nm). Two kinds of contacts have been observed: the flat surface is in close contact with the patterned one (called intimate contact, observed for 80 nm) or only suspended on the tops on the asperities (called laid contact, observed for 2100 nm). In the range of velocities used, the contact during friction is similar to the static one. Furthermore, our experimental system presents a contact transition during friction for h=310 nm.
New experimental limits onKL0→μe andKL0→ee branching ratios (1989)

A search for the decays ${K}_{L}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}e and ${K}_{L}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}ee has produced no examples of either process. When normalized to the decay ${K}_{L}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, the 90%-C.L. upper limits on the branching ratios are B(${K}_{L}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}e)2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ and B(${K}_{L}^{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}ee)3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$. .AE
De novo partial duplication of 17p [dup(17)(p12→p11.2)]: Clinical report (1986)

Duplication of band p11.2 and a small proximal portion of band p12 of chromosome 17 was noted in an infant with unusual facial appearance and left calcaneovalgus deformity. Developmental delay was documented over time. Only one other similar case has been found in the literature, but deletion of the same region is known in nine recently described cases [Smith et al, 1986]. This suggests that abnormalities of this small region of 17p are relatively common and only recently detectable with modern high-resolution techniques.
An Analysis of the MVMA Sponsored Full Scale Side impact Tests (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An analysis of the MVMA-sponsored full scale side impact tests of modified Ford LTDs indicated that the high, nonhuman-like inertia of the dummy chest had profound influence over the dummy responses. In particular, energy absorbing padding was always crushed by the inertial force when the door impacted the dummy. The heavy axial pistons and dampers in the dummy chest, and the variable arm positions further exacerbated poor repeatibility of the chest deflection responses. Although TTI (d), an acceleration based injury criterion, discriminated the presence of padding and was repeatable, it exaggerated the potential benefits of padding in injury mitigation. Analysis of the data also indicated that the structural enhancement performed on the LTDs did not reduce the door intrusion velocity consistently in the tests. Consequently, dummy responses were not influenced by the structural enhancement.&lt;/div&gt;
LASOM: Location Aware Self-Organizing Map for discovering similar and unique visual features of geographical locations (2014)

Can a machine tell us if an image was taken in Beijing or New York? Automated identification of the geographical coordinates based on image content is of particular importance to data mining systems, because geolocation provides a large source of context for other useful features of an image. However, successful localization of unannotated images requires a large collection of images that cover all possible locations. Brute-force searches over the entire databases are costly in terms of computation and storage requirements, and achieve limited results. Knowing what visual features make a particular location unique or similar to other locations can be used for choosing a better match between spatially distance locations. However, doing this at global scales is a challenging problem. In this paper we propose an on-line, unsupervised, clustering algorithm called Location Aware Self-Organizing Map (LASOM), for learning the similarity graph between different regions. The goal of LASOM is to select key features in specific locations so as to increase the accuracy in geotagging untagged images, while also reducing computational and storage requirements. Different from other Self-Organizing Map algorithms, LASOM provides the means to learn a conditional distribution of visual features, conditioned on geospatial coordinates. We demonstrate that the generated map not only preserves important visual information, but provides additional context in the form of visual similarity relationships between different geographical areas. We show how this information can be used to improve geotagging results when using large databases.
Scheduling algorithms for bounded delay service in virtual networks (2003)

With their widespread deployment, the need to provide QoS in virtual networks is being realized. We show that traditional scheduling algorithms like WFQ are incapable of providing a bounded delay service in a virtual network. The problem arises because traffic of a number of sessions sharing a virtual link in a virtual network is aggregated and tunneled through the physical network, which cannot isolate the traffic of well behaved sessions from that of misbehaving sessions. We show that this problem can be solved by regulating output burstiness on virtual links. Using the theory of latency rate servers, we show that latency rate servers with bounded output burstiness, may be used in a virtual network to provide bounded delay service. This gives a method to design a generic class of scheduling algorithms for virtual networks. Finally, we discuss how to integrate best effort and real-time traffic in a virtual network.
Anomalous Ionic Conductivity Increase in Li2S + GeS2 + GeO2 Glasses (2006)

Numerous studies of the ionic conductivities in oxide-doped chalcogenaide glasses have shown the anomalous result that the ionic conductivity actually increases significantly (by more than a factor of 10 in some cases) by the initial addition of an oxide phase to a pure sulfide glass. After this initial sharp increase, the conductivity then monotonically decreases with further oxide addition. While this behavior is important to the application of these glasses for Li batteries, no definitive understanding of this behavior has been elucidated. To examine this effect further and more completely, the ionic conductivities of 0.5Li(2)S + 0.5[(1 - x)GeS(2) + xGeO(2)] glasses have been measured on disc-type bulk glasses. The ionic conductivity of the 0.5Li(2)S + 0.5GeS(2) (x = 0) glass was observed to increase from 4.3 x 10(-5) (Omega cm)(-1) to 1.5 x 10(-4) (Omega cm)(-1) while the activation energy decreased to 0.358 eV from 0.385 eV by the addition of 5 mol % of GeO(2). Further addition of GeO(2) monotonically decreased the conductivity and increased the activation energy. On the basis of our previous studies of the structure of this glass system, the Anderson and Stuart model was applied to explain the decrease in the activation energy and increase in the conductivity. It is suggested that the "doorway" radius between adjacent cation sites increases slightly (from approximately 0.29(+/-0.05) A to approximately 0.40(+/-0.05) A) with the addition of oxygen to the glass and is proposed to be the major cause in decreasing the activation energy and thereby increasing the conductivity. Further addition of oxides appears to contract the glass structure (and the doorway radius) leading to an increase in the conductivity activation energy and a decrease in the conductivity.
MeetingQA: Extractive Question-Answering on Meeting Transcripts (2023)

Archiki Prasad, Trung Bui, Seunghyun Yoon, Hanieh Deilamsalehy, Franck Dernoncourt, Mohit Bansal. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2023.
Synthesis of Ag2O Nanocrystals with Systematic Shape Evolution from Cubic to Hexapod Structures and Their Surface Properties (2010)

We report the development of a facile method for the synthesis of Ag(2)O crystals with systematic shape evolution from cubic to edge- and corner-truncated cubic, rhombicuboctahedral, edge- and corner-truncated octahedral, octahedral, and hexapod structures by mixing AgNO(3), NH(4)NO(3), and NaOH at molar ratios of 1:2:11.8. A sufficient volume of NaOH solution was first added to a mixture of AgNO(3) and NH(4)NO(3) solution to promote the formation of Ag(NH(3))(2)(+) complex ions and the growth of Ag(2)O nanocrystals with good morphological control. The crystals are mostly submicrometer-sized. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterization has been performed to determine the crystalline surface facets. A band gap value of approximately 1.45 eV has been found for the octahedral Ag(2)O crystals. By changing the molar ratios of AgNO(3)/NH(4)NO(3)/NaOH to 1:2:41.8, corner-depressed rhombicuboctahedra and elongated hexapods were obtained as a result of enhanced crystal growth along the [100] directions. Smaller nanocubes with average sizes of approximately 200 and 300 nm and octapods can also be prepared by adjusting the reagent molar ratios and their added volumes. Both the octahedra and hexapods with largely silver atom-terminated {111} surface facets responded repulsively and moved to the surface of the solution when dispersing in a solution of positively charged methylene blue, but can be suspended in a negatively charged methyl orange solution. The cubes and octapods, bounded by the {100} faces, were insensitive to the molecular charges in solution. The dramatic facet-dependent surface properties of Ag(2)O crystals have been demonstrated.
Synthesis, structure and luminescence properties of new blue-green-emitting garnet-type Ca3Zr2SiGa2O12:Ce3+ phosphor for near-UV pumped white-LEDs (2015)

A new blue-green-emitting garnet-type phosphor Ca<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>SiGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup> has been explored for n-UV pumped white light-emitting diodes.
Key considerations for the experimental training and evaluation of cancer odour detection dogs: lessons learnt from a double-blind, controlled trial of prostate cancer detection (2014)

Although two dogs appeared to have learnt to select prostate cancer samples during training, they did not generalise on a prostate cancer odour during robust double-blind tests involving new samples. Our study illustrates that these rigorous tests are vital to avoid drawing misleading conclusions about the abilities of dogs to indicate certain odours. Dogs may memorise the individual odours of large numbers of training samples rather than generalise on a common odour. The results do not exclude the possibility that dogs could be trained to detect prostate cancer. We recommend that canine olfactory memory is carefully considered in all future studies and rigorous double-blind methods used to avoid confounding effects.
Modelling the roles of antibody titre and avidity in protection from Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection following RTS,S/AS01 vaccination (2020)

Anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres have been established as an essential indicator for evaluating the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine. However, a new delayed-fractional dose regime of the vaccine was recently shown to increase vaccine efficacy, from 62.5% (95% CI 29.4-80.1%) under the original dosing schedule to 86.7% (95% CI, 66.8-94.6%) without a corresponding increase in antibody titres. Here we reanalyse the antibody data from this challenge trial to determine whether IgG avidity may help to explain efficacy better than IgG titre alone by adapting a within-host mathematical model of sporozoite inoculation. We demonstrate that a model incorporating titre and avidity provides a substantially better fit to the data than titre alone. These results also suggest that in individuals with a high antibody titre response that also show high avidity (both metrics in the top tercile of observed values) delayed-fractional vaccination provided near perfect protection upon first challenge (98.2% [95% Credible Interval 91.6-99.7%]). This finding suggests that the quality of the vaccine induced antibody response is likely to be an important determinant in the development of highly efficacious pre-erythrocytic vaccines against malaria.
Evaluation of Early Myocardial Ischemia with Thallium-201 in the Pig (1977)

Thallium-201 was found to be a reliable agent for detecting decreased myocardial perfusion in domestic pigs 1–4 hours after acute coronary occlusion. Substantial variation in myocardial-to-liver count ratios and diagnostic quality was observed in serial images performed in 3 normal pigs, although areas of 1–4 hours-old myocardial ischemia produced by acute circumflex coronary artery ligation in 6 pigs could be reliably detected by in vivo 201TI imaging. After intravenous 201TI administration, the animals were sacrificed and sections of normal and ischemic myocardium were counted in a scintillation well counter. The activity in the ischemic area in pigs averaged 12% of the activity in the normal area, and varied over a narrow range; in dogs the activity averaged 62% of normal, and varied over a wide range. The pig was a more consistent model than the dog.
The Nemours database of dysarthric speech (2002)

The Nemours database is a collection of 814 short nonsense sentences; 74 sentences spoken by each of 11 male speakers with varying degrees of dysarthria. Additionally, the database contains two connected-speech paragraphs produced by each of the 11 speakers. The database was designed to test the intelligibility of dysarthric speech before and after enhancement by various signal processing methods, and is available on CD-ROM. It can also be used to investigate general characteristics of dysarthric speech such as production error patterns. The entire database has been marked at the word level and sentences for 10 of the 11 talkers have been marked at the phoneme level as well. The paper describes the database structure and techniques adopted to improve the performance of a Discrete Hidden Markov Model (DHMM) labeler used to assign initial phoneme labels to the elements of the database. These techniques may be useful in the design of automatic recognition systems for persons with speech disorders, especially when limited amounts of training data are available.
In line with our ancestors: Oct4 and the mammalian germ (1998)

The transcription factor Oct-4 is expressed specifically in the totipotent germline cycle of mice. Cells that lose Oct-4 differentiate along different paths to form embryonic and extraembryonic somatic tissue. Oct-4 may maintain the potency of stem and germline cells by preventing all other differentiation pathways. Oct-4 may also regulate the molecular differentiation of cells in the germ lineage as it progresses from the fertilized egg, through cleavage stage/morula blastomeres, blastocyst, inner cell mass, epiblast, germ cells, and gametes. The factors that regulate, and are regulated by, Oct-4 are reviewed with respect to the phenomena of cell potency and germ/soma segregation and differentiation. BioEssays 20:722–732, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In vitrocharacterization of perfluorocarbon droplets for focused ultrasound therapy (2010)

Focused ultrasound therapy can be enhanced with microbubbles by thermal and cavitation effects. However, localization of treatment is difficult as bioeffects can occur outside of the target region. Spatial control of bubbles can be achieved by ultrasound-induced conversion of liquid perfluorocarbon droplets to gas bubbles. This study was undertaken to determine the acoustic parameters for bubble production by droplet conversion and how it depends on the acoustic conditions and droplet physical parameters. Lipid-encapsulated droplets containing dodecafluoropentane were manufactured with sizes ranging from 1.9 to 7.2 microm in diameter and diluted to a concentration of 8 x 10(6) droplets mL(-1). The droplets were sonicated in vitro with a focused ultrasound transducer and varying frequency and exposure under flow conditions through an acoustically transparent vessel. The sonications were 10 ms in duration at frequencies of 0.578, 1.736 and 2.855 MHz. The pressure threshold for droplet conversion was measured with an active transducer operating in pulse-echo mode and simultaneous measurements of broadband acoustic emissions were performed with passive acoustic detection. The results show that droplets cannot be converted at low frequency without broadband emissions occurring. However, the pressure threshold for droplet conversion decreased with increasing frequency, exposure and droplet size. The pressure threshold for broadband emissions was independent of the droplet size and was 2.9, 4.4 and 5.3 MPa for 0.578, 1736 and 2.855 MHz, respectively. In summary, we have demonstrated that droplet conversion is feasible for clinically relevant sized droplets and acoustic exposures.
SAR Tomography Reconstruction using ISTA and GLRT techniques (2023)

SAR Tomography (TomoSAR) leverages the utilization of multiple baselines to gather data about an area, enabling the acquisition of information not only in the range-azimuth direction but also in the elevation direction. This additional information in the elevation direction primarily consists of point scatterers, with one or more scatterers typically present within a single resolution cell. This research paper examines two distinct methodologies for detecting multiple scatterers in TomoSAR: the conventional Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) technique and a compressive sensing (CS) approach known as the Iterative Soft-Thresholding Algorithm (ISTA). The results are examined for a simulated case of two scatterers and a real case using the TerraSAR-X dataset.
Concept of filter-adsorber type integrated air purifier (2010)

In order to prove flow-thermal and operating parameters of air purifiers in a filter-adsorber system, the authors conducted comprehensive experimental examination in the laboratory for air quality control at the Faculty of Occupational Safety in Niš. Experimental examination was carried out on original experimental equipment with the concept of integrated air purifier which includes simultaneous activity of two different filter screens on separating mechanical and chemical test contaminants from a gas mixture. For that purpose, in cooperation with several companies, we designed and produced original filter screens and provided certain conceptual solutions for purifiers. Experimental data were recorded with suitable acquisition equipment in order to identify the processes.