gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of a mammalian fatty acyl-CoA elongase as a lipogenic enzyme regulated by SREBPs (2002)

The mammalian enzyme involved in the final elongation of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis following the building of fatty acids to 16 carbons by fatty acid synthase has yet to be identified. In the process of searching for genes activated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) by using DNA microarray, we identified and characterized a murine cDNA clone that is highly similar to a fatty acyl-CoA elongase gene family such as Cig30, Sscs, and yeast ELOs. Studies on the cells overexpressing the full-length cDNA indicate that the encoded protein, designated fatty acyl-CoA elongase (FACE), has a FACE activity specific for long-chains; C12-C16 saturated- and monosaturated-fatty acids. Hepatic expression of this identified gene was consistently activated in the livers of transgenic mice overexpressing nuclear SREBP-1a, -1c, or -2. FACE mRNA levels are markedly induced in a refed state after fasting in the liver and adipose tissue. This refeeding response is significantly reduced in SREBP-1 deficient mice. Dietary PUFAs caused a profound suppression of this gene expression, which could be restored by SREBP-1c overexpression. Hepatic FACE expression was also highly up-regulated in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Hepatic FACE mRNA was markedly increased by administration of a pharmacological agonist of liver X-activated receptor (LXR), a dominant activator for SREBP-1c expression. These data indicated that this elongase is a new member of mammalian lipogenic enzymes regulated by SREBP-1, playing an important role in de novo synthesis of long-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids in conjunction with fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase.
Comparing pollination control bag types for sorghum seed harvest (2016)

Efficacy of pollination bags made of new nonwoven fabrics was compared with the traditional paper bags in sorghum during 2015 using three cultivars comprising BR007B (red seeded), SC283 (white seeded) and 1167048 hybrid with tannin (brown seeded). The five pollination bag treatments were: no bagging, traditional paper bag, paper bag plus plastic screen bag for extra bird protection, duraweb&reg; SG2 polypropylene bag and duraweb&reg; SG1 polyester bag. There was no bird damage on tannin hybrid but birds damaged bags to access grains of the other two varieties. Varieties and bag types differed significantly, and also showed significant interactions for panicle weight (at P&lt;0.06), seed weight and average seed weight per panicle. The tannin hybrid was consistently a better performer for all traits regardless of bag type. The paper bags were the worst for bird damage. Duraweb&reg; SG1 was the best performer for all traits including bird damage followed by duraweb&reg; SG2. The joint regression analysis showed that BR007B performed consistently under all bag types with average response. On the other hand, SC283 improved its response with the increasing quality of bag type at an above average rate for panicle weight and seed traits. It was concluded that new nonwoven fabric bags could replace paper bags in providing better seed production potential and greater protection against bird damage. &nbsp; Key words: Sorghum, pollination bags, panicle weight, seed weight, bird control.
Primary support optimization of large-span and shallow buried hard rock tunnels based on the active support concept (2022)

Considering the large-span underground excavation subway station of Qingdao Metro Line 6 of China for analysis, it is necessary to optimize the traditional support system by investigating relevant codes and other tunnel projects. Based on the active support concept, a high prestressed rock bolt support system is proposed, and the optimization direction is defined to apply a high prestress force to rock bolts, increasing the appropriate spacing between supporting arches and strengthening support at key parts such as the large arch foot area, sidewalls and junctions. Numerical calculations and field monitoring are performed to analyze and evaluate the new support system. Numerical simulation results show that the new support system can effectively improve the stress state of the surrounding rock; the tensile stress area markedly decreases in size or disappears; and the plastic area also decreases in size. Field monitoring results show that the settlement of the arch crown is concentrated at 2-5 mm and the deformation rates are less than 0.5 mm/day. The supporting arches, shotcrete and rock bolts are all less than the yield strength and a high safety reserve. These results verify the safety and rationality of the proposed support system, which can be used as a reference for similar projects.
Pursuit-evasion game theoretic uncertainty oriented sensor management for elusive space objects (2016)

A pursuit-evasion (PE) orbital game approach for space situational awareness (SSA) is presented to deal with imperfect measurements and informational uncertainties. In the two-sided optimization problem, a pursuer (an observer or sensor) will use the sensor resource to minimize the uncertainty (modeled by entropy) while an evader (a space object being tracked) will maximize it by performing space maneuvers. Since the cost and opportunity cost of sensor resources, pursuer will make decisions on the when to use these resources. The proposed PE approach provides a method to solve the SSA problem, where the evader will exploit the sensing and tracking model to confuse the opponent by corrupting their tracking estimates, while the pursuer wants to efficiently decrease the tracking uncertainties. A numerical simulation scenario with one space based space surveillance (SBSS) satellite as a pursuer and one geosynchronous (GEO) satellite as an evader is simulated to demonstrate the PE orbital game approach. The GEO applies the continuous low-thrust such as the Ion thrust in maneuvers. An add-on module is developed for SGP4/SDP4 algorithms to propagate the satellites with maneuvers. The GEO maneuvering strategies and on-off measurement controls for SBSS are obtained from the Nash equilibrium of the PE game.
Cooperative control of dual-arm robots in different human-robot collaborative tasks (2019)

Purpose This paper aims to propose cooperative control strategies for dual-arm robots in different human–robot collaborative tasks in assembly processes. The authors set three different regions where robot performs different collaborative ways: “teleoperate” region, “co-carry” region and “assembly” region. Human holds the “master” arm of dual-arm robot to operate the other “follower” arm by our proposed controller in “teleoperation” region. Limited by the human arm length, “follower” arm is teleoperated by human to carry the distant object. In the “co-carry” region, “master” arm and “follower” arm cooperatively carry the object to the region close to the human. In “assembly” region, “follower” arm is used for fixing the object and “master” arm coupled with human is used for assembly. Design/methodology/approach A human moving target estimated method is proposed for decreasing efforts for human to move “master” arm, radial basis functions neural networks are used to compensate for uncertainties in dynamics of both arms. Force feedback is designed in “master” arm controller for human to perceive the movement of “follower” arm. Experimental results on Baxter robot platform show the effectiveness of this proposed method. Findings Experimental results on Baxter robot platform show the effectiveness of our proposed methods. Different human-robot collaborative tasks in assembly processes are performed successfully under our cooperative control strategies for dual-arm robots. Originality/value In this paper, cooperative control strategies for dual-arm robots have been proposed in different human–robot collaborative tasks in assembly processes. Three different regions where robot performs different collaborative ways are set: “teleoperation” region, “co-carry” region and “assembly” region.
Smoking is associated with aggravated kidney injury in Puumala hantavirus-induced haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (2015)

Smoking is common in patients with PUUV infection. Current smokers suffer from more severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and they have higher leucocyte count than non-smokers in PUUV infection. Smoking cessation decreases the risk of severe AKI to the same level as observed in never-smokers.
Highly efficient double-taper-type coupler between III–V/silicon-on-insulator hybrid device and silicon waveguide (2018)

An optical mode converter between hybrid device and Si waveguide is the key component for efficient and stable operation of III–V/silicon-on-insulator (SOI) hybrid photonic integrated circuits (PICs). In this study, we introduced a double taper structure into such a mode converter and investigated the coupling efficiency dependence on their structural parameters. By using N2 plasma activated bonding technology, III–V/SOI double-taper-type mode couplers with various taper-tip-widths and taper lengths were fabricated, and their coupling efficiencies were evaluated. As the result, a coupling efficiency of as high as −0.2 dB was achieved for a double-taper device with a tip width of 0.4 µm and total length of 85 µm.
Blockade of CXCR3 Receptor:Ligand Interactions Reduces Leukocyte Recruitment to the Lung and the Severity of Experimental Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (2004)

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a frequently fatal complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) that responds poorly to standard immunosuppressive therapy. The pathophysiology of IPS involves the secretion of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha along with the recruitment of donor T cells to the lung. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor that is expressed on activated Th1/Tc1 T cell subsets and the expression of its ligands CXCL9 (monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig)) and CXCL10 (IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)) can be induced in a variety of cell types by IFN-gamma alone or in combination with TNF-alpha. We used a lethally irradiated murine SCT model (B6 --> bm1) to evaluate the role of CXCR3 receptor:ligand interactions in the development of IPS. We found that Mig and IP-10 protein levels were significantly elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allo-SCT recipients compared with syngeneic controls and correlated with the infiltration of IFN-gamma-secreting CXCR3(+) donor T cells into the lung. The in vivo neutralization of either Mig or IP-10 significantly reduced the severity of IPS compared with control-treated animals, and an additive effect was observed when both ligands were blocked simultaneously. Complementary experiments using CXCR3(-/-) mice as SCT donors also resulted in a significant decrease in IPS. These data demonstrate that interactions involving CXCR3 and its primary ligands Mig and IP-10 significantly contribute to donor T cell recruitment to the lung after allo-SCT. Therefore, approaches focusing on the abrogation of these interactions may prove successful in preventing or treating lung injury that occurs in this setting.
Ernst Gombrich's Account of Chinese Painting (2010)

Ernst Gombrich claims to offer a general theory of the development of figurative art. He only discusses European art, but if his account is correct it should apply also to the art of China. After sketching his analysis, I use a sequence of examples to consider how this account could apply to Chinese painting. And I discuss the accounts of pictorial illusionism developed by writers in China. I then turn to analysis of the political implications of this account. According to Gombrich, illusionistic art is found in cultures with an interest sympathetic to experimental science and development of technology, is there a connection, then, between the failure of China to consistently develop naturalistic painting and the stasis, which in the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries created such problems for that country? Discussion of that question allows us to link Gombrich's account of the story of art with a broader world art history.
Nanoparticles with Multiple Perfluorocarbons for Controllable Ultrasonically Induced Phase Shifting (2005)

In studying the feasibility of developing tissue-targeted contrast media that can be administered as liquids and vaporized by an external stimulus such as ultrasound, we have investigated the properties of emulsions of nanometer-size particles containing perfluoropentane and 2H,3H-perfluoropentane. We found that the ultrasound intensity required to induce echographically significant vaporization can be controlled by changing the ratio of 2H,3H-perfluoropentane to perfluoropentane and that the intensity threshold increases as this ratio increases. Significant azeotropic phenomena were not observed when the perfluorocarbon mixtures were heated, which indicates that mechanisms other than azotropy are involved in the threshold change. The vaporization of 2H,3H-perfluoropentane may have been due not only to ultrasound energy but also to the energy deposited by ultrasonically induced bubbles of perfluoropentane. Our results might lead to a phase-shift contrast agent with controllable ultrasound energy for phase shifting.
Specimen Preparation of Substances Having Tendency to Cleave (1969)

The diffraction intensity of Debye-Scherrer ring is generally homogeneous irrespective of the direction in which the incident beams shoot, when the crystallites are distributed in all directions in random orientation. There are some powder samples, however, for instance, those having tendency to cleave, of which the intensity distribution depends largely on the way how to mount them on the specimen holder. The present study was designed to prepare a special specimen of this kind of substance for the counter diffractometer.In the process of packing powder specimen on the specimen holder preference can take place in orientation in the formation of crystallites, and this can be prevented by jagged specimen surface. In view of this fact special mould for making the specimen was devised. Fig. 4 shows the schematic representation of this. The final specimen was produced by stamping the powder by the use of this mould.The special mould was applied to the analysis of the powder pattern of PbO and β-alumina whose intensities are generally uneven due to preference taking place in orientation during the packing in the formation of crystallites.The details of the experiment are listed in Table I∼IV, in which it is clearly seen that the homogeneous powder patterns can be obtained by the choice of suitable cycle of jaggedness to be produced on the surface of the specimen.
Sustainable production of healthy, affordable food in theUK: The pros and cons of plasticulture (2022)

An evolving green agenda as the UK seeks to achieve 'net zero' in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, coupled with our new trading relationship with the European Union, is resulting in new government policies, which will be disruptive to Britain's traditional food and farming practices. These policies encourage sustainable farming and land-sparing to restore natural habitats and will provide an opportunity to address issues such as high emissions of GHGs and dwindling biodiversity resulting from many intensive agricultural practices. To address these and other food challenges such as global conflicts and health issues, Britain will need a revolution in its food system. The aim of this paper is to make the case for such a food revolution where additional healthy food for the UK population is produced in-country in specialised production units for fruits and vegetables developed on sites previously considered unsuitable for crop production. High crop productivity can be achieved in low-cost controlled environments, making extensive use of novel crop science and modern controlled-environment technology. Such systems must be operated with very limited environmental impact. In recent years, growth in the application of plasticulture in UK horticulture has driven some increases in crop yield, quality and value. However, the environmental cost of plastic production and plastic pollution is regarded as a generational challenge that faces the earth system complex. The distribution of plastic waste is ubiquitous, with a significant pollution load arising from a range of agricultural practices. The primary receptor of agriplastic pollution is agricultural soil. Impacts of microplastics on crop productivity and quality and also on human health are only now being investigated. This paper explores the possibility that we can mitigate the adverse environmental effects of agriplastics and thereby exploit the potential of plasticulture to enhance the productivity and positive health impact of UK horticulture.
The Role of Epidemiology in the Era of Molecular Epidemiology and Genomics: Summary of the 2013 AJE-sponsored Society of Epidemiologic Research Symposium (2013)

On June 20, 2013, the American Journal of Epidemiology sponsored a symposium at the Society for Epidemiologic Research's 46th Annual Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, entitled, "What Is the Role of Epidemiology in the Era of Molecular Biology and Genomics?" The future of epidemiology depends on innovation in generating interesting and important testable hypotheses that are relevant to population health. These new strategies will depend on new technology, both in measurement of agents and environment and in the fields of pathophysiology and outcomes, such as cellular epidemiology and molecular pathology. The populations to be studied, sample sizes, and study designs should be selected based on the hypotheses to be tested and include case-control, cohort, and clinical trials. Developing large mega cohorts without attention to specific hypotheses is inefficient, will fail to address many associations with high-quality data, and may well produce spurious results.
In situ passivation of GaAsSb nanowires for enhanced infrared photoresponse (2020)

Surface passivation of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is important for their optoelectronic properties and applications. Here, the in situ passivation effect of an epitaxial InP shell and the corresponding photodetector performance is experimentally studied. Compared with the unpassivated GaAs<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> core-only NWs, the GaAs<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> /InP core/shell NWs have shown much stronger photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence intensities. Correspondingly, the fabricated single GaAs<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> /InP core/shell NW photodetector shows a responsivity of 325.1 A W<sup>-1</sup> (@ 1.3 μm and 1.5 V) that is significantly enhanced compared to that of single GaAs<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> core-only NW photodetectors (143.5 A W<sup>-1</sup>), with a comparable detectivity of 4.7 × 10<sup>10</sup> and 5.3 × 10<sup>10</sup> cm√Hz/W, respectively. This is ascribed to the enhanced carrier mobility and carrier concentration by the in situ passivation, which lead to both higher photoconductivity and dark-conductivity. Our results show that in situ passivation is an effective approach for performance enhancement of GaAs<sub>1-x</sub> Sb <sub>x</sub> NW based optoelectronic devices.
Study on the Electrochemical Performance of Poly(ethylene ether carbonate) (PEEC)-Based Polymer Electrolyte for All Solid-State Lithium Batteries (2016)

Lithium-ion batteries have rapidly become the dominant power sources for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density and long cycle life.[1,2] However, safety issues have become a significant concern owing to the use of flammable liquid electrolytes. In this respect, the development of non-flammable solid electrolytes may provide a fundamental solution to the safety issue of lithium batteries. Solid polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) present advantageous features such as flexibility in the shape of battery design, absence of leakage of organic solvents and better safety than liquid electrolytes.[3] However, they show poor ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures due to their tendency to crystallize. Moreover, their poor mechanical properties at high temperature due to the melting transition may cause short circuits between two electrodes in cases where unusually high heat is generated. In order to overcome these problems, we prepared polymer electrolytes based on alternating copolymer composed of ethylene oxide and ethylene carbonate (poly(ethylene ether carbonate), PEEC) in the form of flexible thin film, and their electrochemical properties were investigated. The polymer electrolytes showed higher ionic conductivity and superior electrochemical stability compared to those of PEO-based polymer electrolyte. The polymer electrolytes were applied to the all solid-state lithium batteries, and their electrochemical performance was evaluated. References [1] J. M. Tarascon, and M. Armand, Nature, 414 (2001) 359. [2] P. G. Bruce, B. Scrosati, and J. M. Tarascon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 (2008) 2930. [3] E. Quartarone, and P. Mustarelli, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 (2011) 2525.
Breast Cancer: Segmentation of Mammograms using Invasive Weed optimization and SUSAN algorithms (2019)

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases among female populations worldwide. Because the cause and prevention remain unknown, early detection is considered the only way to increase the survival rate. X-ray imaging is currently the most reliable technique for detecting abnormalities in the breast and it is highly recommended for middle-aged women (40- 60) who are at higher risk of developing the disease. However, the efficiency of X-ray is dependent on radiologists' expertise as image interpretation is challenging and can lead to false positives and false negatives. Image processing algorithms are highly useful for providing reliable diagnosis that can help radiologists make a fast, reliable medical interpretation. Several techniques for isolating tumors from digital mammograms have been proposed, including histogram-based methods, region-based algorithms, and edge detection approaches. However, these techniques are not effective, as they use fixed threshold levels to isolate suspicious areas from the non-uniform image backgrounds. In this paper, we propose an approach based on Invasive Weed optimization (IWO) and Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus (SUSAN). The IWO algorithm determines the optimal threshold for the extraction of the suspicious regions in mammograms. The selected threshold is then used for the detection of dense abnormalities using the SUSAN algorithm. The results show that this technique is more accurate in detecting suspicious areas in breasts, and particularly dense breasts, than the existing techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Benzamides from Alcohols and Amines. (2013)

Abstract This is a one‐pot domino reaction including oxidation and C—N bond formation steps to yield benzamides.