gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Method for Screening for Salmonella typhimurium in a Chicken Cecal Microbial Consortium Using Gene Amplification (1994)

A rapid sample processing method has been developed to detect low numbers of Salmonella typhimurium in a chicken cecal microbial consortium. Using phoP-specific primers under stringent amplification conditions and gene probe analysis, fewer than 100 colony-forming units (CFUs) were detectable when pure cultures were employed. When the polymerase chain reaction assay was run on cecal contents from birds infected with S. typhimurium, only positive cecal samples containing as few as 700 CFUs reacted to the assay, and the negative bird samples reacted only when the samples were spiked with S. typhimurium cells. The method employed for sample processing is simple and provides a sensitive means of detecting S. typhimurium-specific sequences in trace amounts in the presence of mixed chicken cecal microbial populations.
Evidence for virus-specific noncapsid proteins in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Late‐Life Anemia Is Associated with Increased Risk of Recurrent Falls (2005)

Late-life anemia is common and associated with twice the risk of recurrent falls. Muscle weakness and poor physical performance appear to partly mediate this association.
Ampa Receptors (2005)

Glutamate mediates most of the excitatory transmission in the brain, and AMPA receptors are the primary synaptic receptors for the fast excitatory transmission. The receptors were named after the synthetic agonist, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazo1e-4-propionate (AMPA), which elicits a relatively selective activation of members of this subfamily of glutamate receptors (GluRs). AMPA-induced activation of the receptor initiates a current comprised of a fast-desensitizing component and a steady-state component. Most excitatory synapses contain both AMPA and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and synaptically released glutamate elicits a two-component excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). The component with rapid onset and decay is mediated by AMPA receptors, whereas the component with a slow rise time and delayed decay involves NMDA receptors. Rapid desensitization of AMPA receptors controls the time course of EPSC at many synapses. This chapter discusses the molecular structure, properties, and regulation of AMPA receptors, along with their distribution, pharmacology, and therapeutic applications.
Semi-automatic road tracking by template matching and distance transformation in urban areas (2011)

Abstract Road surfaces are seriously disturbed by a variety of types of noise on very high resolution (VHR) remotely sensed imagery in urban areas, which is a tough challenge for most road tracking methods. In fact, the sizes of most types of noise such as vehicles, zebra crossings and lane markings are smaller than the width of road surfaces on VHR images. In this sense, some filtering techniques are helpful to weaken the negative effects of these types of image noise. In this article, a semi-automatic method is proposed to track roads on VHR imagery. Once a human operator inputs a seed point on a selected road, the spoke wheel algorithm is used to obtain road direction, road width and starting point, and generate a reference template. Then the automatic tracking is triggered. During the process, a reference template is moved to generate several target templates. For each target template, the differences of grey values between the reference template and the target template are calculated, and then thresholding is used to create a binary template. Subsequently, Euclidean distance transformation (EDT) is used to erode the small disturbing noises on each binary template, which is helpful to search optimal road centreline points. The above tracking process is repeated until a whole road network is completed. A QuickBird image covering Tai'an area is used for the test. The results demonstrate that our improved method can extract urban road networks more reliably, more robustly and faster than applying the least-squares template matching method. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the constructive and valuable comments from the two anonymous reviewers, which made possible significant improvement of this article. This research was funded by the National Key Basic Research and Development Programme under Grant 2006CB701303, the Project for Young Scientist Fund sponsored by the Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant 41001280, State 863 Projects under Grant G7910 and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2010047038. The authors thank Dr Rui Zhang and Minyan Duan for their help.
CO2‐Enrichment Effects on Soybean Physiology. I. Effects of Long‐Term CO2 Exposure1 (1984)

Soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Kent’ and ‘Ware’], grown under field conditions, were exposed to a CO 2 ‐enriched atmosphere (1232 μL L −1 ) from 22 days after planting to maturity. Seed yield increased 81% in Kent and 56% in Ware in response to CO 2 enrichment. Plants grown at high CO 2 concentrations maintained higher rates of apparent photosynthesis and lower leaf conductances throughout ontogeny than those grown at low CO 2 concentrations. Carbon dioxide‐enriched plants accumulated larger pools of soluble sugars and starch in the leaves compared with control plants. Rapid depletion of the stored carbohydrates was evident at the time flower buds were developing and flowering commenced. Carbon dioxide‐enriched plants also maintained large pools of starch and sucrose in the leaves during the grain‐filling periods, suggesting that these were not utilized for seed development. In contrast, control plants were virtually devoid of sucrose and starch at plant maturity. Examination of leaf chlorophyll, protein and proteolytic enzyme activity revealed that CO 2 enrichment did not delay senescence in soybeans.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Amino Acids and Derivatives (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Repeat arthroscopy]. (1990)

Repeat arthroscopy was done in 82 patients from 1984-1988 (2.5%) 18 months after the first arthroscopy. Eighteen of the repeat arthroscopies were planned operations, 35 were necessary due to continuous complaints, and 20 were done because of new complaints. Nine were done after a new accident. In 4 cases, at repeat arthroscopy a meniscus remmant was excised that had been insufficiently treated at the first operation. In four cases, a new meniscal lesion had occurred. An extension lag after ACL reconstruction was another reason for repeat arthroscopy. In those cases sometimes a synovial tumor in the intercondylar notch was excised. In these repeat arthroscopies, 84% were done by the two most experienced arthroscopists in the department.
Catalytic Role of Ge in Highly Reversible GeO2/Ge/C Nanocomposite Anode Material for Lithium Batteries (2013)

GeO2/Ge/C anode material synthesized using a simple method involving simultaneous carbon coating and reduction by acetylene gas is composed of nanosized GeO2/Ge particles coated by a thin layer of carbon, which is also interconnected between neighboring particles to form clusters of up to 30 μm. The GeO2/Ge/C composite shows a high capacity of up to 1860 mAh/g and 1680 mAh/g at 1 C (2.1 A/g) and 10 C rates, respectively. This good electrochemical performance is related to the fact that the elemental germanium nanoparticles present in the composite increases the reversibility of the conversion reaction of GeO2. These factors have been found through investigating and comparing GeO2/Ge/C, GeO2/C, nanosized GeO2, and bulk GeO2.
RETRACTED: Expression of p-Akt and COX-2 in Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Adenovirus Mediated Akt1 and COX-2 ShRNA Suppresses SGC-7901 Gastric Adenocarcinoma and U251 Glioma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo (2009)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) play a crucial role in the formation of many malignant tumors and have been shown to be the important therapeutic targets. In the present study, we examined immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and COX-2 in 45 gastric adenocarcinomas with different tumor grades. Then, adenovirus-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors rAd5-Akt1+COX-2 (rAd5-A+C) that target sequences of human COX-2 and Akt1 were used to examine the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis in SGC7901 gastric adenocarcinoma and U251 glioma cells. Cell growth was inhibited by over 70%, as indicated by a MTT assay, and was accompanied by G1/G0 phase arrest in the rAd5-A+C treated group, indicating poor cell growth activities. The number of cells invading through the matrigel in the rAd5-A+C treated group was significantly decreased (36.2+/-3.1) compared with that of the control group SGC7901 (105.0+/-4.0) and the nonsense sequence group rAd5-HK (102.5+/-6.4). In addition, the tumor volumes in the SGC7901 subcutaneous nude mouse model treated with rAd5-A+C was significantly smaller than those of the control group and nonsense sequence group rAd5-HK. When COX-2 and Akt1 were dramatically downregulated, Ki-67, CyclinD1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 were also downregulated. Our results demonstrated that p-Akt and COX-2 were overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinomas and their expression levels were elevated with the ascending order of tumor malignancy; rAd5-A+C targeting COX-2 and Akt1 downregulated their expression significantly in a sequence-specific manner, exerting inhibitory effects on SGC7901 and U251 cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of malignant tumor cell growth and provide evidence for combined gene therapy for malignant tumors.
An updated comprehensive chemical kinetic model of C8-C20 n-alkanes (2017)

Large n-alkanes are important reference components in the formulation of surrogates for Jet and Diesel fuels. This work focuses on the kinetics of n-alkanes larger than n-heptane with carbon chain length varying between 8 (n-octane) to 20 (n-eicosane) through newly acquired experimental data and detailed kinetic modeling. Extending the previous work by Zhang et al. on n-heptane, recent literature quantum chemical calculations have been used to generate a new set of consistent reaction rate rules for large alkanes. Based on these rules, the existing LLNL kinetic mechanisms for large n-alkanes has been revised and the model results have been compared to literature data and new stirred reactor experiments including important low temperature oxidation intermediates. The optimized model had generally been found to perform a good job against experimental data from current study and archived shock tube, and jet stirred reactor data in the literature.
Digital holography as a versatile optical diagnostic method for microgravity experiments (1999)

Microgravity experiments require robust, reliable and simple measurement techniques that provide the same capabilities as on-ground laboratory applications. Interferometric measurement techniques such as conventional holographic interferometry using hologram plates have several disadvantages in microgravity research - a time-consuming development process and additional experimental effort for a quantitative evaluation of interference patterns, for example. Digital holography is an advanced optical diagnostic tool for surface deformation analysis, measurement of refractive index variations and particle analysis in transparent media: Fresnel holograms are stored electronically and the reconstruction is performed by numerical methods. Due to the reconstruction process a numerical representation of the recorded wavefront can be evaluated including amplitude and phase. This paper reports on applications of digital holography to particle analysis and to the detection of refractive index variations within transparent media. The properties and advantages of this technique for microgravity experiments with respect to other techniques are discussed.
NYPE 2015: wholesale reform or an invitation to cherry-pick? (2016)

The New York Produce Exchange (NYPE) form is said to be the most widely used dry-cargo time charterparty form in the world. Twenty-two years after its last revision, in 2015 it was extensively revised. Such is the bizarre nature of the industry, however, that the form in current widespread use is not its immediate predecessor, a form well suited to the needs of modern commerce, but NYPE 1946, which is not (except by being heavily amended). So the new form is really intended to replace not a two-, but a seven-decade old form; it is only natural to speculate whether it will succeed, when both 1981 and 1993 revisions largely failed. But, even if NYPE 2015 fails in its entirety, there are interesting new clauses which might be used, even if the form as a whole is not. The new form in practice therefore presents alternatives: wholesale reform or an invitation to cherry-pick.
Identification and characterization of the 177Hafnium-containing decay products of 177Lu-AMBA (AMBA = DO3A-CH2CO-G-[4-aminobenzoyl]-QWAVGHLM-NH2) (2008)

380 Objectives: In this study we investigated the fate of the 177Hafnium (177Hf) that forms upon decay of 177Lu-AMBA, a peptide-derivatized DO3A complex that is being studied for the radiotherapeutic treatment of tumors that express the GRP receptor. Methods: HPLC-purified 177Lu-AMBA (621.6 MBq) in stabilizing buffer was stored for 43 days at -20°C. During this time two new nonradioactive peaks formed that we postulated might be isomers of Hf-AMBA. They were isolated and interconversion studies performed using HPLC. Synthesis of a Hf-AMBA standard was attempted by reaction of HfCl4 with AMBA in various solvents. The Hf-AMBA products formed in DMF were purified by HPLC, characterized (elemental analysis, NMR, MS) and coinjected with the products from 177Lu-AMBA decay. Results: In two HPLC methods, the two Lu-AMBA decay products coeluted with a standard of Hf-AMBA made by heating AMBA with HfCl4 in DMF; Hf-AMBA did not form in H20. Analysis results (CHNF) for the Hf-AMBA standard were consistent with its formulation as Hf(IV)AMBA.3TFA.6H2O. The two peaks formed underwent slow interconversion when isolated. By LC/MS, both had a molecular weight (m/z) consistent with formulation as Hf-AMBA. The Hf-AMBA 1H and 13C NMR spectra had chemical shifts similar to those of Lu-AMBA. The ability to obtain an NMR indicated that the Hf is diamagnetic, consistent with Hf(IV), not Hf(III). Conclusions: To our knowledge, the fate of hafnium that forms on decay of 177Lu while the Lu is complexed to a chelator has not been reported. As a result of this study, we conclude that when 177Lu in 177Lu-AMBA undergoes β- decay in H20, the resulting 177Hf is retained in the DO3A-acetyl chelator, but oxidizes from Hf(III) to Hf(IV), forming a stable pair of interconverting isomers.
Intestinal inflammation in postoperative ileus: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets (2013)

Postoperative ileus (POI) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder managed by surgeons in their clinical practice. The definition, pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis and management of POI are still not determined. An expert consensus defined POI as a ‘transient cessation of coordinated bowel motility after surgical intervention, which prevents effective transit of intestinal contents and/or tolerance of oral intake’.1 Primary POI is a physiological response that occurs in almost all patients following abdominal surgery and is usually spontaneously resolved by the 5th postoperative day after open laparotomy and by the 3rd day after laparoscopic surgery.1 The small intestine recovers its normal motility 8–24 h after surgery; the stomach, 24–48 h and the colon from 72 h, the left colon being the last to recover.2 As most surgeons wait for GI function recovery before allowing patients to be fed, POI has become the main cause of delayed hospital discharge after abdominal surgery. In addition, 19–25% of patients will develop prolonged primary ‘paralytic’ POI following major intestinal surgery.1 ,2 The clinical picture of primary POI ranges from oligosymptomatic patients to a full symptom cluster including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension and bloating, delayed passage of flatus and stool, and inability to progress to an oral diet. Diagnosis of POI relies on identification of these clinical features but diagnosis by abdominal auscultation for return of bowel sounds or passage …
Synthesis of Modular “Inorganic–Organic–Inorganic” Polyoxometalates and Their Assembly into Vesicles (2009)

Connecting clusters: A new class of approximately 3.4 nm sized inorganic–organic–inorganic hybrids was synthesized by covalent functionalization of V3-capped Wells–Dawson-type clusters with linear bis(Tris) ligands (see scheme; TBA=nBu4N+). These hybrids were characterized using single-crystal XRD and ESI-MS techniques. Dynamic light scattering studies revealed the surfactant properties of these compounds, which lead to the formation of supramolecular vesicles in solutions.
Correlation between hepatitis B genotypes, 1896 precore mutation, virus loads and liver dysfunction in an Indian population. (2009)

The infecting genotype, but not the presence of 1896 precore mutation, correlates with HBV load. The association of genotype C with higher virus loads and with elevated ALT may point to a greater pathogenicity of this genotype.
<title>Pulse Width Dependence Of Pigment Cell Damage At 694 nm In Guinea Pig Skin</title> (1987)

351 nm, 20-nsec XeF excimer laser irradiation has previously been shown to selectively target and damage melanosomes in human skin. In the following studies selective targeting with melanosomal photodisruption has been demonstrated in pigmented guinea pig skin with a Q-switched 40-nsec ruby laser, and a 750-nsec pulsed dye laser but not with a 400-usec pulsed dye laser. The pulse width dependence of melanosomal disruption, occurring only at pulsewidths shorter than the thermal relaxation time of the melanosome (0.5 - 1.0 usec), is in accordance with the theory of selective photothermolysis. Possible mechanisms of melanosomal photodisruption include development of sudden thermal gradients leading to cavitation or shock wave production.
Rationale and Design of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study: A Diabetes Prevention Trial (2014)

D2d will test whether vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective at lowering the risk of progression to diabetes in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Quercetin’s effect on cycling efficiency and substrate utilization (2009)

Previous evidence suggests that quercetin supplementation increases performance in humans. We examined the effects of 3 weeks of quercetin supplementation on fuel utilization, gross efficiency (GE), and perceived effort during 3 h of cycling over 3 successive days. Forty cyclists were randomized into quercetin and placebo groups and tested for maximal oxygen consumption (53.2 +/- 1.2 and 54.7 +/- 1.1 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)). For 3 weeks following maximal oxygen consumption testing, subjects supplemented either 1000 mg.day(-1) quercetin or placebo during normal training. Following supplementation, subjects cycled at 57% maximum power for 3 h, on 3 successive days, using their own bicycles fitted to CompuTrainer Pro Model trainers (RacerMate, Seattle, Wash.). Metabolic measurements were taken every 30 min for each 3-h ride. Muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis immediately pre-exercise and postexercise on days 1 and 3 were analyzed for muscle glycogen content. Power output remained constant for all 3 exercise trials, but significant decreases over time were measured for GE, cadence, respiratory exchange ratio, blood glucose, and muscle glycogen. Significant increases were measured for heart rate and volume of oxygen consumption over time. No quercetin treatment effect was observed for any of the outcome measures in this study. These data indicate that GE is reduced during an exhausting 3-h bout of exercise. However, quercetin did not significantly affect any outcomes in these already well-trained subjects.
Supplementary Table 2 from Gene Expression Profiling in Uveal Melanoma Reveals Two Molecular Classes and Predicts Metastatic Death (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Gene Expression Profiling in Uveal Melanoma Reveals Two Molecular Classes and Predicts Metastatic Death
Normalization of bundle branch block patterns by distal His bundle pacing. Clinical and experimental evidence of longitudinal dissociation in the pathologic his bundle. (1978)

Clinical and experimental observations in which bundle branch block patterns (BBBP) in ECG leads were normalized by distal His bundle (H) pacing are reported. The clinical material includes four patients with acute right BBBP secondary to anterior wall myocardial infarction and three patients with chronic left BBBP. Six of the seven patients had a prolonged H-V interval (60-85 msec) including three who showed evidence of an intra-H conduction delay (IHCD) with split H (H and H'). Distal H pacing from a right-sided electrode catheter normalized the BBBP with a stimulus-to-QRS (PI-V) interval 20-35 msec shorter than the H-V interval and almost identical to the H'-V interval in the three patients with documented IHCD. In 18 dogs ligation of the anterior septal artery resulted in IHCF with split H associated with right or left BBBP. Distal H pacing from catheter and/or plunge wire electrodes normalized the BBBP in 12 experiments (67%) with a PI-V interval identical to the H'-V interval. H pacing was selective and direct stimulation of myocardium was excluded by monitoring the high ventricular septal electrogram. The clinical and experimental observations are discussed as evidence that functional longitudinal dissociation is probably only operative in the pathologic H due to selectively greater depression of conduction in the transverse interconnections.
Interchain disulphide bridges of mouse immunoglobulin M (1975)

Mouse IgM (immunoglobulin M) was selectively and partially reduced and treated with iodo[2-14C]acetate to label the interchain disulphide bridges. The carboxymethylation was studied in some detail. The labelled peptides were purified, sequenced and positioned by homology with human IgM. Only peptides originating from three interchain disulphide bridges were labelled, in contrast with the four labelled bridges obtained in human IgM under the same conditions. These peptides are homologous to human bridge peptides forming the heavy-light bridge and two inter-heavy bridges, one present in the CMU2 region and the other in the C-terminal region. The inter-heavy bridge in the Cmu2 region was alone cleaved and radioactively labelled in selectively reduced IgM held together as a pentamer by non-covalen interactions. The same bridge was the only one to be totally cleaved in subunits released after more extensive, though still selective, reduction. In the light of these results a possible arrangement of the disulphide bridges of the mouse IgM.