gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Triflones Bearing Two Non‐Adjacent Stereogenic Centers (2023)

Abstract Trifluoromethylsulfones (triflones) are useful compounds for synthesis and beyond. Yet, methods to access chiral triflones are scarce. Here, we present a mild and efficient organocatalytic method for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral triflones using α‐aryl vinyl triflones, building blocks previously unexplored in asymmetric synthesis. The peptide‐catalyzed reaction gives rise to a broad range of γ‐triflylaldehydes with two non‐adjacent stereogenic centers in high yields and stereoselectivities. A catalyst‐controlled stereoselective protonation following a C−C bond formation is key to control over the absolute and relative configuration. Straightforward derivatization of the products into, e.g., disubstituted δ‐sultones, γ‐lactones, and pyrrolidine heterocycles highlights the synthetic versatility of the products.
Characterization and autoproteolytic activity of N[superscript pro] of bovine viral diarrhea virus (1999)

The nonstructural N-terminal protease (NPro) of the pestiviruses possesses autocatalytic activity that cleaves itself f ram the remainder of the viral polyprotein .The function of NPro in virus replication and the catalytic unit responsible for self-cleavage have not been determined.NPro nucleotide sequence was obtained from Genbank or by sequence analysis for 5 isolates of each of the following pestiviruses: classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2. The NPro sequences of all 20 isolates were compared and conserved amino acid residues were identified.A conserved Gly-Ser-Asp-Gly motif was identified in Npro that resembles the Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly active site motif of serine proteases.Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved regions of the bovine viral diarrhea virus strain 890 NPro was accomplished by PCR using mutagenic primers.Additional random mutations were generated by error prone PCR amplification.Mutated Npro sequences were cloned into pBluescript for T7 RNA polymerase directed transcription .Autoprotease activity of mutated Npro proteins was evaluated based on the presence or absence of a 20 kDa cleaved protein (Npro) from the 37 kDa precursor after in vitro translation.Mutations at amino acids Gly67, Cys69, Ser124, and Tyr129 resulted in loss of NPro cleavage.Rumenapf et al. (1998) had previously viii reported that His49 was essential for NP 10 cleavage.In this study, mutations at Gly67 and Cys69 may have disrupted the catalytic function of Asp68.In addition, the conserved motif surrounding Ser124 and prevention of cleavage of NP 10 by mutation of Ser124 suggest that NP 10 is a serine protease resembling chymotrypsin with a His49/Asp68/Ser124 catalytic triad.
Relationship of active trigger points with related disability and anxiety in people with tension-type headache (2017)

To investigate the differences in the presence of trigger points (TrPs) and their association with headache-related disability and mood disorders in people with frequent episodic tension-type headache (TTH) (FETTH) and chronic TTH (CTTH). One hundred twenty-two individuals with TTH participated. Clinical features of headache (i.e., intensity, duration, and frequency) were recorded on a headache diary. Headache-related disability was assessed with the Headache Disability Inventory, trait and state anxiety levels with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. TrPs were bilaterally explored in the temporalis, masseter, suboccipital, upper trapezius, splenius capitis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Sixty-two (51%) patients were classified as FETTH, whereas 60 (49%) were classified as CTTH. Individuals with CTTH showed higher burden of headache and depression than FETTH (P < 0.001). Subjects with FETTH showed similar number of TrPs (total number: 5.9 ± 3.1, active TrPs: 4.7 ± 2.5, and latent TrPs: 1.2 ± 1.9) than those with CTTH (total number: 5.7 ± 3.2, active TrPs: 4.2 ± 3.0, and latent TrPs: 1.5 ± 1.8). The number of active TrPs was significantly associated with the burden of headache (r = 0.189; P = 0.037) and trait anxiety (r = 0.273; P = 0.005): the higher the number of active TrPs, the greater the physical burden of headache or the more the trait anxiety level. No association with the depression was observed. The presence of active TrPs in head and neck/shoulder muscles was similar between individuals with FETTH and CTTH and associated with the physical burden of headache and trait anxiety levels independently of the subgroup of TTH.
Studies of Gravity Waves Using Michelson Interferometer Measurements of OH (3-1) Bands (2001)

As part of a long-term program for polar upper atmospheric studies, temperatures and intensities of the OH (3-1) bands were derived from spectrometric observations of airglow emissions over King Sejong station (62.22o S, 301.25o E). These measurements were made with a Michelson interferometer to cover wavelength regions between 1000 nm and 2000 nm. A spectral analysis was performed to individual nights of data to acquire information on the waves in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere. It is assumed that the measured fluctuations in the intensity and temperature of the OH (3-1) airglow were caused by gravity waves propagating through the emission layer. Correlation of intensity and temperature variation revealed oscillations with periods ranging from 2 to 9 hours. We also calculated Krassovsky's parameter and compared with published values.
A simple and fast method for the isolation of mouse lymphoid progenitors from bone marrow (36.6) (2010)

Abstract Lymphocytes are derived from hematopoietic stem cells through an important developmental intermediate called a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). CLPs are defined as Lin−IL-7Rα+c-KitloSca-1lo. They can differentiate into T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells but lack myeloid and erythroid potential. Study of lymphocyte development largely relies on access to this rare cell population. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) commonly used to isolate CLPs is costly, time-consuming and perhaps most importantly detrimental to the cell viability and function. We describe a fast and efficient method for the isolation of CLPs from mouse bone marrow (BM). This method is based on immunomagnetic, column-free cell separation technology (EasySep). Using this method, lineage positive cells were first depleted by cross-linking them to magnetic particles using biotinylated antibodies. Next, IL-7Rα+ cells were positively selected from the Lin−/lo population. Purity of Lin−IL-7Rα+c-Kit+ lymphoid progenitors as assessed by flow cytometry ranged from 18-41%. Limiting dilution analysis of the EasySep enriched cells showed increased frequencies of B cell (1:25), T cell (1:6) and NK cell (1:49) progenitors as compared to non-depleted control BM. This system introduces a rapid and easy method for the enrichment of rare CLPs with greater yield than cell sorting and good viability. This will enable research in the field of cellular, molecular and developmental immunology.
Interactions of Dopaminergic and Peptidergic Factors in the Control of Prolactin Release* (1990)

Oxytocin (OT) has been shown to play a role in the control of physiological PRL release and has been demonstrated to have a direct effect on the pituitary to stimulate PRL secretion. Administration of OT into the third ventricle, however, lowers PRL levels. This reduction could be mediated by either an inhibition of the release of endogenous OT into the hypohysial portal circulation or via an alteration in the release of some other PRL releasing (PRF) or PRL release-inhibiting (PIF) factor. In order to determine if centrally administered OT lowers PRL levels by increasing secretion of dopamine (DA) into the portal circulation, endogenous dopaminergic tone was blocked by injection of the DA antagonist domperidone (DOM). Subcutaneous administration of DOM resulted in elevated PRL levels which could be further augmented by iv infusion of OT (at 0.01 or 0.1 microgram OT/kg.min) or partially, but significantly, reduced by pretreatment with anti-OT antiserum (0.75 ml) indicating that under conditions of DA blockade, OT (which has little PRF activity during conditions of normal dopaminergic tone) can stimulate PRL secretion by a direct pituitary action. Treatment with DOM did not prevent, however, the reduction in PRL levels produced by central administration of OT (2 micrograms). This suggests that the effect of OT to alter PRL secretion when administered into the third ventricle was not mediated via an increase in DA release into the portal circulation. Furthermore, central administration of the OT antagonist CAV-259 (1-deamino-2-D-Trp-4-Val-8-Orn-OT) after DOM treatment resulted in a significant increase in PRL secretion indicating that endogenous levels of OT within the hypothalamus inhibit PRL secretion through a nondopaminergic mechanism. This stimulatory effect of the OT antagonist was not blocked by pretreatment with anti-OT antiserum (iv) which had been demonstrated previously to reduce the PRL surges in lactating mothers and steroid-primed ovariectomized rats, as well as to block the increase in PRL secretion seen after central administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Thus the central effect of OT to alter PRL secretion was probably not due to a change in the release of OT into the portal circulation. Intravenous administration of a VIP antagonist (D-4-Cl-6-Phe-17-Leu-VIP, previously demonstrated to be capable of reducing the PRL surge seen in lactating mothers) into DOM-treated rats does not alter PRL levels but blocks the ability of central administration of the OT antagonist CAV-259 to increase PRL levels under these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Data-Driven Geometric Face Image Smilization Featuring Moving Least Square Based Deformation (2017)

With the prosperous development of the Internet, virtual identity is becoming more important to people in social life. As one key factor, attractiveness, is a significant part of virtual identity, where there is still room for different strategies to improve attractiveness. In this study, we focus on digital face image and make it a little bit smiling as a common way to improve attractiveness. The workflow includes face detection, face alignment and image deformation. By only deforming geometrically, our method reaches the smile rate at 53.96% while natural smile image has 89.29% smile rate, based on crowd sourcing experimental results on our test set.
Cardiac evaluation of patients with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome (2020)

The 22q11.2 duplication syndrome (22q11.2DupS) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity, from seemingly asymptomatic to severely affected patients. Our study sought to detail the cardiac phenotype associated with 22q11.2DupS, the prevalence of aortic arch anomalies and aortic root dilation in 22q11.2DupS, and to assess how frequently new congenital heart disease (CHD) is diagnosed at outpatient cardiac evaluation following genetic diagnosis. In our cohort of 85 patients, 20.0% had CHD, with a wide range of phenotypes. Sixty-eight patients had complete cardiac evaluations detailing aortic arch sidedness and branching pattern, of which 5 (7.4%) had an aortic arch anomaly, all of whom had concurrent intracardiac CHD. Of 53 patients without CHD who had complete cardiac evaluations, only 3 (5.7%) had evidence of aortic root dilation. Of 46 patients who underwent outpatient cardiac evaluation following diagnosis of 22q11.2DupS, only one (2.2%) was found to have CHD, an isolated bicuspid aortic valve without stenosis. Therefore, the CHD phenotype in 22q11.2DupS, when present, is heterogeneous. Aortic arch anomalies are uncommon, and no patient in our cohort had one in isolation. Isolated aortic root dilation is also uncommon. Finally, outpatient cardiac evaluation following genetic diagnosis without previously known CHD infrequently identified minor cardiac malformations.
PRASAD: an augmented reality based non-invasive pre-operative visualization framework for lungs (2004)

This paper presents a preoperative anatomical visualization framework, PRASAD (physically realistic adaptive and scalable anatomical deformation system), which combines a bio-mathematical representation of deformable lungs with real-time deformation and stereoscopic visualization technology. This framework provides a visualization of a dynamic patient-specific deformation of synthetic 3D anatomical models, that physicians can view from different viewpoints in a stereoscopic augmented reality environment for efficient diagnosis.
Building a Better Laboratory: The Federal Role in Promoting Health System Experimentation (2013)

While expanding federal involvement in the health care system, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) preserves states' roles as policy laboratories and private providers' roles as health care delivery laboratories. State-based and provider-based laboratories suffer from many shortcomings, however, as mechanisms to develop, evaluate, and facilitate diffusion of reforms within the health system. This Article argues that the federal government can take steps to address these shortcomings. It first briefly reviews ACA provisions that promote policy and delivery experimentation. It then suggests that by tying funding to policy outcomes, making use of regulatory variation and regulatory menus, and conditioning waivers on systematic evaluation, the federal government could further improve the performance of the nation as a laboratory.
Evidence for Restricted Glycolytic Metabolism in Primary CD133+ Cells. (2005)

Abstract The slow cycling, location and hypoxia-resistance of hematopoietic stem cells are suggestive of a restricted metabolism. We propose that HSC metabolism is adapted to unique metabolic conditions supplied by the stem cell niche, and that a combination of the metabolic and signalling environments acts to support stem cell amplification and to limit it to a narrowly-defined and physiologically rare set of sites. To investigate this possibility, we have established moderate throughput, small scale cultures to examine the metabolic characteristics of primary CD133+ cells isolated from umbilical cord blood. A screen of carbon and energy sources revealed that pyruvate (but neither fatty acids nor amino acids) can replace glutamine as a major substrate. The fact that pyruvate contributes significantly to the cellular metabolism even in the presence of glucose suggests that CD133+ cells employ an unusually low level of glycolysis. Flow cytometric analysis of surface markers before and after culture confirmed that the addition of glucose (0mM, 5mM and 25mM) or insulin (0μg/mL, 4 μg/mL) increased the overall cell yield, but had no effect on the proliferation of early cells (CD133+, CD34+ and c-kit+). In parallel, metabolic profiling of undifferentiated and differentiated FDCPmix cells using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques revealed an accumulation of glucose in the self-renewing (undifferentiated) population. Taken together, these observations suggest that glycolysis makes little contribution to stem cell metabolism, and that hematopoietic stem cells (as has been suggested for germ cells) may instead use glycolytic products supplied by stromal cells. Furthermore, our studies have revealed an unexpected effect of osmolarity on both glucose metabolism and self-renewal, in that an increase in osmolarity from 0,32 Osm/Kg to 0,36 Osm/kg reduced the rate of glucose-dependent proliferation of CD133+ cells without reducing the yield of early (CD133+ CD34+, ckit+) cells. Similarly, both the proportion of self-renewing cells in FDCPmix cultures and the recruitment of these cells to active self-renewal in semi-solid media in a colony forming assay were found to be increased at higher osmolarity. This suggests that high osmolarities suppreses both glycolytic metabolism and proliferation rate, but favour the maintenance of “early” progenitors. Finally, we have applied our assay to test a range of different growth factor combinations (of SCF, Flt3-ligand, TPO, IL3, IL6, IL7, IL11 and TGF-b) in 18% and 1% O2, and found that hypoxia extends markedly the range and magnitude of the proliferation response. Taken together, our results suggest that hematopoietic stem cells are indeed adapted to a rare metabolic microenvironment which includes (but is probably not limited to) low oxygen and glucose concentrations, and that the metabolic environment is likely to influence strongly the response to growth factors. A thorough understanding of stem cell metabolism may therefore provide a basis for more controlled manipulation of HSC in vitro.
The Dilemma of Two Innovative Therapies for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2017)

If you have made a diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 (also known as Werdnig–Hoffman disease) in a child, then you have vivid memories of informing desperate parents that there is nothing you can do for their child. Two innovative therapies for SMA may now bring some hope — but what do they mean for patients and their families? SMA, which is one of the most common inheritable neuromuscular diseases, is a degenerative motor neuron disorder that leads to muscle atrophy and respiratory failure. Patients with the most severe form rarely survive beyond 2 years of age. The . . .
Process boasts 95% selectivity for LPG (1983)

This article describes a new Phillips catalytic process for the dehydrogenation and/or the dehydrocyclization of paraffinic feedstocks, steam active reforming (STAR), which produces no structural isomerization. Light paraffins such as propane, isobutane, and normal butane can be dehydrogenated to their respective mono-olefins with selectivities as high as 95%. The process offers such advantages as: it will accept a wide range of feedstocks; selectivity to desired products is high; there is a minimum of structural isomerization which permits the production of specific products from particular feedstocks with high purity; it works well with paraffinic and olefinic materials which make poor feeds in conventional reforming processes; and the catalyst has moderate tolerance for sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
Living donor liver transplantation using an extended right lateral sector graft (2016)

Yoshida, Naoki M.D*,1,2; Takamoto, Takeshi M.D., Ph.D.1; Hashimoto, Takuya M.D., Ph.D.1; Maruyama, Yoshikazu M.D.1; Abe, Hayato M.D.1,2; Shimada, Kei M.D.1; Takayama, Tadatoshi M.D., Ph.D.2; Makuuchi, Masatoshi M.D., Ph.D.1 Author Information
Visible and Infrared Nanocrystal-Based Light Modulator with CMOS Compatible Bias Operation (2023)

Nanocrystals are now established light sources, and as synthesis and device integration have gained maturity, new functionalities can now be considered. So far, the emitted light from a nanocrystal population remains mostly driven by the structural properties (composition, size, and shape) of the particle, and only limited postsynthesis tunability has been demonstrated. Here, we explore the design of light amplitude modulators using a nanocrystal-based light-emitting diode operated under reverse bias. We demonstrate strong photoluminescence modulations for devices operating in the visible and near-telecom wavelengths using low bias operations (<3 V) compatible with conventional electronics. For a visible device based on 2D nanoplatelets, we demonstrate that the photoluminescence quenching is driven by the field-induced change of nonradiative decay rate and that the field is less involved than the particle charging. This work demonstrates that a simple diode stack can combine several functionalities (light-emitting diode, detector, and light modulator) simply by selecting the driving bias.
An improved genetic algorithm for aperiodic array synthesis (2008)

In this paper, a novel algorithm on beam pattern synthesis for linear aperiodic arrays with arbitrary geometrical configuration is proposed. The algorithm is based on an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) that simultaneously adjusts the weight coefficients and inter-sensor spacings of a linear aperiodic array. A novel section-based crossover and a self-supervised mutation process are developed to improve the convergence performance. The results from simulation illustrate that with the IGA, the peak sidelobe level (PSL) of the synthesized beam pattern has been successfully lowered. In addition, the computational cost of the proposed algorithm can be as low as being about 10% of that of a recently reported genetic algorithm based synthesis method. The robustness of the proposed IGA has been illustrated clearly from the statistic of multiple independent runs too. The excellent performance of the IGA makes it a promising optimization algorithm where expensive cost functions are involved.
Perceptions of Stressors by High School Students (1989)

A 26-item questionnaire was administered to 1,301 students in a midwestern, suburban high school to identify potential stressors as perceived by the students. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions of stress among twelve of these items: interpersonal aggression, goal conflictlsupport, social conflictlsupport, and perceived environmental mastery. The remaining items identified other stressors, mediating factors, social supports, and coping mechanisms. Analysis of variance and contingency table analysis identified status-group differences. Nearly 10% of the students indicated that they did not handle stress very well. The academic performance grouping system, having jobs and keeping up with school, and fear of theft of personal belongings were identified by students as being the stressors of greatest concern.
Low reflection Fresnel lenses via double imprint combined with vacuum-UV surface hardening (2017)

To improve the optical performance of Fresnel lenses, a technique for preparing them with antireflective structures of the moth-eye type is developed. Masters featuring such hierarchical structures are prepared in SU-8, a negative tone photoresist, by two consecutive thermal imprint steps. The moth-eye structures imprinted first are vacuum ultraviolet-treated at 172 nm to provide a surface-near the cross-linked layer that remains stable during the second imprint of the 100 μm sized Fresnel structures. A successful combination of both structure types is possible at an imprint temperature as low as 45 °C. This can be understood on the basis of the typical exposure and the crosslinking behavior of a chemically amplified negative tone resist like SU-8. The masters prepared in this way will be subjected to extrusion coating, the process of choice for future large area preparation of such structures in a single step.
Synthesis of 3, 4-Dihydro-3-(2'hydroxy-3'-methylbenzyl)8-methyl-2 H-1, 3-benzoxaxine and Its Derivatives (1971)

オルトクレゾール,ヘキサメチレンテトラミンおよびパラホルムアルデヒドからイソアミルアルコールを溶媒に用いて反応を行なった後,塩酸ヒドロキシルアミンとアンモニア水で処理して,2,2'-ジヒドロキシ-3,3ノージメチル-1,1ノージベンジルアミン(1)を合成し,(1)とホルムアルデヒド,アセトアルデヒド,アセトンおよびヘキサジューテロアセトンとをそれぞれ反応させて,3,4ジヒドロ-3-(2ノーヒドロキシー3-メチルベンジル)-8-メチル-2H-1,3-ベンゾキサジン(III),2-メチル-3,4-ジヒドロ-3-(2,ヒドロキシー3ノーメチルベンジル)-8-メチルー2H-1,3-ベンゾキサジン(III),2,2-ジメチル-3,4-ジヒドR-3-(2ノーヒドロキシー3ノーメチルベンジル)-8一メチルー2H-1,3一ベンゾキサジン(N),2,2-ヘキサジューテロジメチル-3,4-ジヒドロー3-(2ノーヒド0キシー3'メチルベンジル)-8一メチルー2H-1,3-ベンゾキサジン(V)を合成した。(1)は融点161℃,(II)は94-95℃,(III),(N)および(V)は無色粘稠な液体であつた。(II)IR:νKbrmax1225cm-1(vs),1205cm-1(vs),1120cm-1(s),1085cm-1(s),995cm-1(m),963cm-1(vs)。NMR:τ5.20(s,2H,0-CH2-N)。3,4-ジヒドロ-2H-1,3-ベンゾキサジン化合物(2H-未置換)は約960cm-1(KBr錠剤法)に強い特性吸収を示す。構造の確認は核磁気共鳴スペクトル,赤外吸収スペクトル,元素分析,融点および化学的反応性から行なった。
A Randomized Trial of Soap and Water Hand Wash Versus Alcohol Hand Rub for Removal of Clostridium difficile Spores from Hands of Patients (2013)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.