gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Service Intelligence and Communication Security for Ambient Assisted Living (2015)

Mobile health (m-Health) scenarios and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies form an important direction for enhancing medical systems for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). Yet current development meets with two challenges: 1) use of patient's health data with strong security guarantees in mobile network and resource-constrained assumptions and in emergency situations, 2) inclusion of personal data to the entire system for “smart” service construction and delivery. This paper presents a smart space based architectural model that adopts emerging IoT technologies to enable security of personal mobile data and their intelligent utilization in health services. To support the service intelligence, the authors employ the smart spaces approach with its prominent technologies adopted from IoT and Semantic Web. The intelligence and security solutions are considered symbiotic to present better user-experience, security level, and utility of a system.
Fabrication of sub-1 nm gap electrodes using metal-mask patterning and conductivity measurements of molecules in nanoscale spaces (2017)

Fabrications of sub-1 nm gap Au electrodes using a metal mask for patterning were achieved. Because the procedure does not involve wet processing, the ranges of possible electrode and substrate materials for the electrodes are greatly expanded.
The JAK2 Kinase Inhibitor LS104 Induces Growth-Arrest and Apoptosis in JAK2V617F Positive Cells. (2007)

Abstract The JAK2V617F-mutation (V617F) is a novel, highly prevalent molecular marker in Ph-negative myeloproliferative disease (MPD). In vitro, the V617F mutation confers cytokine independent growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) and constitutive activation of the JAK2 kinase and of the JAK-STAT pathway. In a murine bone-marrow transplant model the V617F-mutation alone is sufficient to induce a polycythemia vera-like phenotype. Therefore, mutant JAK2 kinase is a promising target for kinase inhibitor development. In this report, we characterize the small molecule LS104 (previously CR4; Grunberger et al., Blood 2003) as a novel non-ATP-competitive JAK2V617F kinase inhibitor. Ba/F3 cells stably transfected with EpoR and either the V617F-mutant (Ba/F3-EpoR-VF) or wildtype JAK2 (Ba/F3-EpoR-WT) were treated with LS104. Apoptosis assays as well as immunoblotting of JAK2 and of downstream signalling pathways were performed. The effects of LS104 on kinase activity were determined in an in vitro JAK2 kinase assay. A combination of LS104 with JAK-inhibitor I, which acts via the ATP-binding site, was tested in apoptosis assays. Finally, growth of endogenous erythroid colonies (EECs) obtained from patients with V617F-positive MPD was tested upon addition of LS104. LS104 selectively and dose dependently induced apoptosis in Ba/F3-EpoR-VF cells as compared to Ba/F3-EpoR-WT control cells. By immunoblotting we found inhibition of JAK2 autophosphorylation and of downstream targets as STAT5, AKT and ERK upon treatment with LS104. Activation of these targets by JAK2 was confirmed in experiments using JAK2 siRNA. The IC50 for JAK2 in an in vitro kinase assay using LS104 was &lt;5μM, and this effect was not reversible using increased ATP-doses. Combination treatment of Ba/F3-EpoR-VF cells using LS104 plus JAK-inhibitor I lead to significantly increased apoptosis as compared to each substance alone. Furthermore, we observed 89% inhibition of in vitro formation of EECs at 10μM LS104 whereas growth of CFU-GM obtained from normal controls was virtually unaffected. Taken together, our data show that LS104 specifically inhibits JAK2 kinase activity and JAK2 downstream signals and thereby induces apoptosis in V617F-positive cells. Our data suggest, that LS104 either irreversibly binds to the ATP-binding site or acts as a substrate kinase inhibitor and may be combined with ATP-competitive JAK2 inhibitors to enhance treatment efficacy. Growth of EECs from patients with MPD is shown to be significantly suppressed by LS104. Based on these data, a phase I/II clinical trial of LS104 for patients with JAK2V617F-positive MPD has been initiated recently.
Small Bowel Varicosis Presenting as Obscure Overt Gastrointestinal Bleeding (2013)

Purpose: Small bowel varicosis localized to the ileum is an uncommon cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a rare case of small bowel varicosis, diagnosed by CT angiography (CTA) and successfully treated by surgical resection. Case Report: A 64 year old male was referred to our clinic for further evaluation of obscure overt GI bleeding. He initially presented with melena for 2 weeks, leading to hemoglobin (Hgb) of 4 g/dL. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and a capsule endoscopy failed to localize a site of bleeding. Two months later, he presented with hematochezia when a repeat EGD and a colonoscopy did not show active bleeding. A tagged RBC scan suggested a left sided small bowel bleed. He received 16 units of blood transfusion, over a period of 3 months. On our evaluation, he was anemic (Hgb 8.6), and a physical exam was unremarkable except for the rectal exam, which showed black stool. An urgent CTA showed intestinal varicosis involving 10 cm of proximal - mid ileum (Figure 1). It had prominent serpiginous intramural enhancing vessels, and was supplied by a branch of superior mesenteric vein. He then underwent laparotomy and excision of 50cm of small bowel that showed grossly dilated vessels on the serosal surface, resembling varices (Figure 2). Pathology confirmed markedly dilated blood vessels of the small bowel without any evidence of mass or infiltrative lesions. Two months after surgery, he had an episode of small bowel obstruction, which was treated conservatively. He did not have any further bleeding, and the Hgb (13g/dL) remained stable.FigureFigureDiscussion: Small bowel varicosis of the ileum can rarely present with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Timely CT angiography in our case confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical resection of the affected segment successfully treated the gastrointestinal bleeding.
Towards large-scale graph stream processing platform (2014)

In recent years, real-time data mining for large-scale time-evolving graphs is becoming a hot research topic. Most of the prior arts target relatively static graphs and also process them in store-and-process batch processing model. In this paper we propose a method of applying on-the-fly and incremental graph stream computing model to such dynamic graph analysis. To process large-scale graph streams on a cluster of nodes dynamically in a scalable fashion, we propose an incremental large-scale graph processing model called "Incremental GIM-V (Generalized Iterative Matrix-Vector Multiplication)". We also design and implement UNICORN, a system that adopts the proposed incremental processing model on top of IBM InfoSphere Streams. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that our method achieves up to 48% speedup on PageRank with Scale 16 Log-normal Graph (vertexes=65,536, edges=8,364,525) with 4 nodes, 3023% speedup on Random walk with Restart with Kronecker Graph with Scale 18 (vertexes=262,144, edges=8,388,608) with 4 nodes against original GIM-V.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2R,3S,4R‐Dihydroxyproline from D‐Ribonolactone. (1986)

Abstract D‐Ribonolacton (I) kann in Form der Benzylidenverbindung (IIIa) über das Triflat in das Azid (IIIc) umgewandelt werden, das über (IVa) und (IVb) katalytisch zu dem Dihydroxy‐prolin (V) führt.
Application of Hyperbolic Tangent Approximation Model to Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Simulation (2017)

The improved fuel economy and low pollutant emissions are highly demanded for internal combustion engines. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine is the one of promising devices for highly efficient engine. However, GDI engines generally tend to emit more Particulate Matter (PM) than Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engine because the fuel sprayed from the injector can easily attach to the wall, which is the major origin of PM. Therefore, the precise analysis of the fuel/air mixture formation and the prediction of emissions are required. From the view of industrial use, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) becomes a necessary tool for the various analyses including the fuel/air mixture formation, spray attachment on the cylinder wall, the in-cylinder turbulence formation, the combustion and emission etc. In our previous study, the flow and spray simulation in internal combustion engine has been conducted using OpenFOAM®, the open-source CFD toolbox. Since the engine involves the dynamic motion such as valve and piston, the morphing and mapping approach was employed. Furthermore, by virtue of open-source code, we have developed the methodology of the hybrid simulation from the internal nozzle flow to the fuel/air mixture in order to take into account detailed breakup process nearby injector nozzle. We expand the above research to the combustion simulation. For the combustion model, the Hyperbolic Tangent Approximation (HTA) model is adopted. The HTA model has a simple form of equation and one can easily implement; moreover, the HTA model has the following features: 1. capability of both laminar and turbulent flow, 2. the clearness of analytical derivation based on the functional approximation of the reaction progress variable distribution in a one-dimensional laminar flame. In the current study, the premixed flame is studied on a gasoline combustion engine. The simulations for in-cylinder engine are conducted with different Air/Fuel (A/F) ratio conditions, and the results are compared with the experimental results. The in-cylinder pressure agrees well with experimental results and the validity of the current methodology is confirmed.
Intensity-dependent circular polarization and circumstellar magnetic fields from the observation of SiO masers (1994)

A new aspect of the propagation of astrophysical maser radiation in the presence of a magnetic field is described in which circular polarization is created. The resulting antisymmetric spectral line profile for this circular polarization resembles that produced by the ordinary Zeeman effect when the Zeeman splittings are much less than the spectral line breadth. It is caused by the change, with increasing maser intensity, in the axis of symmetry for the molecular quantum states from a direction that is parallel to the magnetic field to a direction that is parallel to the direction of propagation. When the maser is radiatively saturated, and the rate for stimulated emission is within an order of magnitude of the Zeeman splitting in frequency units, this 'intensity-dependent circular polarization' is greater than that due to the ordinary Zeeman effect by factors as large as 1000. The circular polarization that is observed in the spectra of circumstellar SiO (J = 1-0) masers associated with late-type giants and supergiants may then be caused by magnetic fields as weak as about 10 mG. With the standard Zeeman interpretation of the observations, magnetic fields of 10-100 G are indicated. The lower fields are similar to the limits obtained from the observation of the 22 GHz water masers which are typically somewhat further from the central star. The observed tendency for the fractional linear polarization of SiO masers to increase with increasing angular momentum of the molecular state is shown to be a likely result of anisotropic pumping. Errors are identified that invalidate a recent conflicting claim in the literature about the basic theory of maser polarization in the regime that is relevant here.
Demonstration of the mucous layer of the tear film by electron microscopy. (1985)

The mucous layer on the ocular surface maintains the stability, spread, and coherence of the tear film and is essential for normal vision. In spite of its importance, the precise thickness and localization of mucus on the surface of the eye are not known because it is not preserved in conventional electron-microscopic preparations. The authors used two different methods to show mucus on the guinea pig cornea and conjunctiva. First, the authors precipitated mucous glycoproteins by adding a quaternary ammonium compound, either cetylpyridinium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, to aldehyde fixatives. This procedure stabilized the mucus over the goblet cells and adjacent epithelium, although the mucous layer was not preserved uniformly in other areas. Tannic acid intensely stained mucus precipitated by these methods and showed it to be 0.8 micron thick on the cornea and 1.4 micron thick on the conjunctiva. To confirm these results, the authors also prepared specimens of cornea and conjunctiva by freeze substitution. This technique preserved the mucus in a smooth, uninterrupted layer. The thickness of the mucus was somewhat variable; it measured 1.0 micron over the cornea and varied from 2.0 to 7.0 micron over the conjunctiva because of the greater irregularity of the tissue. The authors' results show that mucus constitutes a considerable part of the precorneal tear film and is thicker than was recognized formerly.
Structure and Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fiber Webs Prepared via Laser-Electrospinning and Subsequent Annealing Processes (2020)

Melt-electrospinning is an eco-friendly method for producing ultra-fine fibers without using any solvent. We prepared webs of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) through melt-electrospinning using CO<sub>2</sub> laser irradiation for heating. The PET webs comprised ultra-fine fibers of uniform diameter (average fiber diameter = 1.66 μm, coefficient of variation = 19%). The co-existence of fibers with high and low molecular orientation was confirmed through birefringence measurements. Although the level of high orientation corresponded to that of commercial highly oriented yarn, crystalline diffraction was not observed in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis of the webs. The crystallinity of the webs was estimated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The fibers with higher birefringence did not exhibit any cold crystallization peak. After annealing the web at 116 °C for 5 min, a further increase in the birefringence of the fibers with higher orientation was observed. The WAXD results revealed that the annealed webs showed crystalline diffraction peaks with the orientation of the c-axis along the fiber axis. In summary, the formation of fibers with a unique non-crystalline structure with extremely high orientation was confirmed.
Influence des déformations sur la mesure des caractéristiques élastiques de roches tendres (1996)

Pour déterminer les caractéristiques élastiques de matériaux rocheux tendres ou très déformables, telles que les craies, il est habituel de procéder à des cycles de déchargements élastiques. Ces déchargements sont parfois effectués quand la déformation du matériau a atteint un niveau que l'on ne peut qualifier d'infinitésimal. Ce procédé est également employé pour étudier la variation des modules élastiques d'un matériau endommageable qui peut aussi être très déformable (certains sels par exemple). La modélisation de tels matériaux nécessite alors la connaissance précise de ces modules élastiques que la simple lecture d'une pente de décharge ne peut fournir du fait des changements de géométrie de l'échantillon testé. Nous proposons donc d'étudier dans cet article, la démarche qui permet de corriger les mesures conventionnelles des paramètres élastiques d'un échantillon cylindrique soumis à une sollicitation triaxiale en cellule de confinement. La géométrie axisymétrique du problème permet d'obtenir aisément le gradient de la transformation et de revenir par son intermédiaire à l'expression du tenseur des contraintes de Piola-Kirchhoff et des déformations lagrangiennes qui lui seront reliées. Cette étude reprend enfin quelques résultats obtenus sur une craie blanche, au Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille, dans le but de montrer l'ampleur des corrections qu'il y aurait lieu d'effectuer dans la détermination du coefficient de Poisson et du module élastique d'un matériau isotrope.
Acoustic design of a new museum (2017)

In this paper, we report on the acoustic design of a new museum. Besides the general exhibition space, the museum building includes three larger multipurpose halls that will give place for lectures and diverse events. Defining the acoustic requirements of the multipurpose hall is always a hard to reach compromise. We demonstrate the results of the international cooperation of acoustic engineers and architects, and show how computer aided modeling helped during all design phases to achieve the fine-tuned final stage.
A green heterogeneous synthesis of N-doped carbon dots and their photoluminescence applications in solid and aqueous states (2014)

Compared with traditional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and organic dyes, photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) are superior because of their high aqueous solubility, robust chemical inertness, facile functionalization, high resistance to photobleaching, low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Herein, a green, large-scale and high-output heterogeneous synthesis of N-doped CDs was developed by reacting calcium citrate and urea under microwave irradiation without the use of any capping agents. The obtained N-doped CDs with a uniform size distribution exhibit good aqueous solubility and yellowish-green fluorescence in the solid and aqueous states. These unique luminescence properties of N-doped CDs inspire new thoughts for applications as fluorescent powders, fluorescent inks, the growth of fluorescent bean sprouts, and fingerprint detection tools.
Gas-Selective Optical Sensors for Fire Detectors (2001)

At the Center for Chemical Sensors (CCS) of ETH-Zürich, gas-sensitive membranes have been developed during the last three years. In co-operation with Pentapharm AG, Basel, and Bosch Telecom GmbH, Frankfurt, the research has led to the development of a world novelty, a gas-selective fire detector called MagicSens. Compared with conventional fire detectors this reacts specifically to combustible gases and considerably reduces thereby the false alarm ratio and the subsequent associated costs. Additionally, since combustible gases such as NO2 are produced during the whole first phase of a fire, the fact that the membranes are very sensitive means the alarm time could be shortened. The signal transduction in the sensor can be produced with cheap optical items, such as LED and photodiodes. The new fire detector will, therefore, not be more expensive than a conventional one. The product is due to be launched on the market in the near future.
Performance Evaluation of An Electrolyte-Supported Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) with Low-Cost Materials (2022)

Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) provides economic and technical advantages over the conventional SOFC because of the wider material use, lower fabrication cost and longer lifetime of the cell components. In this work, we fabricated electrolyte-supported IT-SOFC using low-cost materials such as calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) electrolyte fabricated by dry-pressing, NiO-CSZ anode and Ca3Co1.9Zn0.1O6 (CCZO) cathode produced through brush coating technique. According to the XRD result, the monoclinic phase dominated over the cubic phase, and the relative density of the electrolyte was low but the hardness of the CSZ electrolyte was close to the hardness of commercial 8YSZ electrolyte. The performance of the single cell was performed with hydrogen ambient air. An open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.43, 0.46, and 0.45 V and a maximum power density of 0.14, 0.50, and 1.00 mW/cm2 were achieved at the operating temperature of 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. The ohmic resistance of the cell at 700 and 800 °C achieved 81.5 and 33.00 Ω, respectively due to the contribution of thick electrolyte and Cr poisoning in electrodes and electrolyte
Soap-Oil Systems For Formation Fracturing (1956)

Abstract One of the important characteristics of a fluid is its viscosity, since this is closely associated with its sand-carrying ability. From the standpoint of economy it is sometimes more advantageous to thicken a non-viscous petroleum fluid, than to use a more expensive, naturally viscous oil. This paper discusses the use of certain alkali metal, oil-soluble soaps in. non-polar solvents, such as kerosene, diesel fuel, and crude oil. By in situ neutralization of long chain aliphatic organic acids, in a hydrocarbon media, a sodium-soap dispersion is obtained. Such soaps produce micelles, the aggregation of which results in low fluid loss and low sand-falling rates. Also, the fluid exhibits thixotropic properties, providing additional sand support without a corresponding increase in the true or Newtonian viscosity. This paper describes the characteristics of the micellular aggregations, their formation and properties. The relationship between the apparent and true viscosities of such dispersions is shown. The effect of brine on these soap-oil systems is also discussed. Introduction Oil-dispersible alkali metal soaps have been familiar industrial compounds for several years; they have found many uses in various fields. Because of their unique colloidal nature in nonaqueous solvents, their use has been recently extended to formation fracturing for primary recovery of well fluids. This paper will discuss some of the aspects and properties of certain alkali metal oil-soluble soaps in non-polar solvents such as kerosene, diesel fuel, and crude oil. Many improvements have been made in materials and techniques of application, since the introduction of hydraulic fracturing as a method of stimulating production from oil and gas wells. A variety of fluids have been employed to open fractures and carry propping agents, among which are gels, emulsions, and refined oils. Developments made during the last few years have included modifications of these fluids in order to overcome and eliminate certain difficulties that were encountered in field applications. The most recent general development in fracturing fluids has been a soap-oil dispersion that combines the best features of other fracturing fluids and overcomes many of their disadvantages. The familiar phenomenon of mice the formation of soaps in aqueous solutions also occurs in nonaqueous media. This was demonstrated by Reuggerberg and other workers in this field. By in situ neutralization of long chain aliphatic organic acids in hydrocarbons, a sodium soap dispersion can be obtained that is a satisfactory fluid for fracturing.
DeepInSAR—A Deep Learning Framework for SAR Interferometric Phase Restoration and Coherence Estimation (2020)

Over the past decade, using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) remote sensing technology for ground displacement detection has become very successful. However, during the acquisition stage, microwave signals reflected from the ground and received by the satellite are contaminated, for example, due to undesirable material reflectance and atmospheric factors, and there is no clean ground truth to discriminate these noises, which adversely affect InSAR phase computation. Accurate InSAR phase filtering and coherence estimation are crucial for subsequent processing steps. Current methods require expert supervision and expensive runtime to evaluate the quality of intermediate outputs, limiting the usability and scalability in practical applications, such as wide area ground displacement monitoring and predication. We propose a deep convolutional neural network based model DeepInSAR to intelligently solve both phase filtering and coherence estimation problems. We demonstrate our model’s performance using simulated and real data. A teacher-student framework is introduced to handle the issue of missing clean InSAR ground truth. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that our teacher-student approach requires less input but can achieve better results than its stack-based teacher method even on new unseen data. The proposed DeepInSAR also outperforms three other top non-stack based methods in time efficiency without human supervision.