gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Sky Has Its Limits in COVID-19 Testing (2020)

At the time of writing, in July 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has already inflicted dramatic international restrictions, including airports closing and limiting international travel. It has been suggested that re-opening of airports should involve and even rely on testing travelers for COVID-19. This paper discusses the methodology of estimating the detection and diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 tests. It explains the clear distinction between the technical characteristics of the tests, the detection measures, and the diagnostic measures that have clinical and public health implications. It demonstrates the importance of the prevalence of COVID-19 in terms of determining the ability of a test to yield a diagnosis. We explain the methodology of evaluating diagnostic tests, using the predictive summary index (PSI), and the minimum number of tests that need to be performed in order to correctly diagnose one person, which is estimated by 1/PSI. In a population with low prevalence, even a high-sensitivity test may lead to a high percentage of false positive diagnoses, resulting in the need for multiple high-cost tests to achieve a correct diagnosis. Thus, basing a policy for opening airports on diagnostic testing, even with the best test for COVID-19, has some limits.
Rock-physics based Augmented Machine Learning for Reservoir Characterization (2019)

Summary The challenge in adopting neural networks in the geosciences is the relative scarcity of labeled training data. This presentation demonstrates an approach to augment the amount of data used to train the neural network. Rock Physics theory is used to model the elastic parameter response due to changes in the rock and fluid properties of the local well control to generate a large number of pseudo wells. These pseudo wells are then used to model synthetic seismic gathers which are then used to train a Deep Neural Network (DNN). The trained DNN is then applied to the real dataset. Application of this workflow is shown for seismic reservoir characterization on a field in the North Sea producing commercial volumes of oil. The results are shown to have good continuity, are high in resolution which is compared to the prestack inversion approach.
A syllable, articulatory-feature, and stress-accent model of speech recognition (2002)

Current-generation automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems assume that words are readily decomposable into constituent phonetic components (&amp;quot;phonemes&amp;quot;). A detailed linguistic dissection of state-of-the-art speech recognition systems indicates that the conventional phonemic &amp;quot;beads-on-a-string&amp;quot; approach is of limited utility, particularly with respect to informal, conversational material. The study shows that there is a significant gap between the observed data and the pronunciation models of current ASR systems. It also shows that many important factors affecting recognition performance are not modeled explicitly in these systems. Motivated by
An Inquiry into Adjustable Speed Operation of a Pumped Hydro Plan Part II - System Analysis (1980)

Using the parameters of one of the motor/generators designed in Part I, the results of a system simulation which includes the exciter, prime mover, and converter are presented. The frequency content of the machine currents is determined during various converter operating conditions and used to evaluate the assumptions of Part I. The interaction of system components is examined and problem areas are identified.
Strategy of treatment of submucosal gastric tumors. (2005)

In one third of our patients surgery could be avoided with this strategy. No delayed diagnosis of a malignant tumor during follow-up was established. Small G-GMT's should be monitored conservatively if diagnostic procedures and follow-up was performed by EUS and eventually EUS-FNA.
Synthesis of insoluble carriers of DNA-fragments and their use for grafting complex DNA-molecules (1978)

An alternative procedure for the immobilization of synthetically prepared deoxy-oligomers having a reactive group at the 5′-end, e.g., an NH2- or NH2(CH2)2C(O)-function, to cellulose has been developed.
The Ability of Statins to Inhibit Bone Resorption Is Directly Related to Their Inhibitory Effect on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity (2003)

Statins, which are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, decrease the hepatic biosynthesis of cholesterol by blocking the mevalonate pathway. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate drugs also inhibit the mevalonate pathway, preventing the production of the isoprenoids, which consequently results in the inhibition of osteoclast formation and osteoclast function. Therefore, we hypothesized that statins could affect bone metabolism in vivo through effects on osteoclastic bone resorption. In vitro, cerivastatin inhibited the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated bone resorption. Using a panel of 40 statin analogs, which showed variable effects on HMG-CoA reductase activity, we found that the ability of compounds to inhibit bone resorption is directly related to HMG-CoA reductase activity. However, in the thyro-parathyrodectomy (TPTX) model for bone resorption in the rat in vivo, cerivastatin did not prevent experimentally induced increases in bone resorption. The lack of effect of cerivastatin in this model is not related to a limited penetration of the target tissue (bone marrow), because a significant effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity was demonstrated in the total rat bone marrow cell extracts of rats posttreatment in vivo. Furthermore, cerivastatin inhibited protein prenylation in osteoclasts isolated from the rabbit bone marrow of rabbits after treatment in vivo. In contrast to other studies, none of the statins tested showed anabolic effects in parietal bone explant cultures. Taken together, we conclude that statins inhibit bone resorption in vitro, which correlates directly with the potency of the compounds for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. However, cerivastatin does not affect bone resorption in the rat TPTX model in vivo.
Differential response of C9orf72 transcripts following neuronal depolarization (2023)

The (G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> nucleotide repeat expansion (NRE) mutation in C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of ALS and FTD. The biological functions of C9orf72 are becoming understood, but it is unclear if this gene is regulated in a neural-specific manner. Neuronal activity is a crucial modifier of biological processes in health and neurodegenerative disease contexts. Here, we show that prolonged membrane depolarization in healthy human iPSC-cortical neurons leads to a significant downregulation of a transcript variant 3 (V3) of C9orf72, with a concomitant increase in variant 2 (V2), which leads to total C9orf72 RNA transcript levels remaining unchanged. However, the same response is not observed in cortical neurons derived from patients with the C9-NRE mutation. These findings reveal the impact of depolarization on C9orf72 transcripts, and how this response diverges in C9-NRE-carriers, which may have important implications in the underlying unique clinical associations of C9-NRE transcripts and disease pathogenesis.
The Rotationally-Resolved Absorption Spectrum of Formaldehyde from 6547 to 7051 cm−1 (2015)

Abstract We report new experimental data on the rotationally resolved room temperature absorption spectrum of CH 2 O in the near infrared (NIR) region between 6804 and 7051 cm – 1 (1470–1418 nm). Data have been obtained by cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy and complement the spectrum in the wavelength range 6547–6804 cm – 1 , obtained using virtually the same experimental set-up and already published in an earlier publication (Staak et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 229 (2005) 115–121). Several vibrational combination bands occur in this region and give rise to a congested spectrum and over 4500 lines with cross-sections over 5 · 10 – 23 cm 2 were observed. Recent experimental studies using NIR absorption spectroscopy for quantifying CH 2 O in different chemical systems indicate that the absorption cross-sections obtained by Staak et al. may have been overestimated. The results of these experiments are reviewed here and a recommendation for absolute absorption cross sections of CH 2 O in the NIR range will be given. Absolute absorption cross-sections stated here are corrected by the recommended factor.
Isolation of cephalosporin C, a penicillin-like antibiotic containing d-α-aminoadipic acid (1956)

Research Article| April 01 1956 Isolation of cephalosporin C, a penicillin-like antibiotic containing d-α-aminoadipic acid G. G. F. Newton; G. G. F. Newton * 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. P. Abraham E. P. Abraham 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Biochem J (1956) 62 (4): 651–658. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620651 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. G. F. Newton, E. P. Abraham; Isolation of cephalosporin C, a penicillin-like antibiotic containing d-α-aminoadipic acid. Biochem J 1 April 1956; 62 (4): 651–658. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620651 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Electrochemical Studies on Ag, Fe, and Cu Species in AlCl[sub 3]-NaCl Melts (1974)

The electrochemical behavior of the Ag/Ag+, Fe/Fe2+, Fe2+/Fe3+ , and Cu/Cu+, Cu+/Cu2+ systems in the equimolar region of has been investigated using potentiometry, pulse polarography, cyclic voitammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry. In contrast to the Al electrode, the emf of the Ag+/Ag electrode was found to be virtually independent of the melt composition. The Ag+ was found to undergo reversible deposition at a tungsten electrode. However, in cyclic voltammetric experiments, the stripping process showed a marked dependence on Ag+ concentration, temperature, and sweep rate. Possible explanations for this dependence are presented. The diffusion coefficient for Ag+ at 175δC was found to be . The Fe3+/Fe2+ couple was found to be reversible while the Fe2+/Fe couple showed typical deposition‐stripping behavior. Above an initial concentration of 5 mM the deposition process became concentration independent while the stripping process was found to involve two different electrode reactions. This behavior was consistent with the low solubility of in the equimoiar region. Nernst plots for the anodization of Cu gave low n‐values in Cl‐rich melts, while n‐values of 1 were obtained in ‐rich melts. These results are best explained by introducing the following equilibrium reaction
Méthodes avancées en contrôle non destructif ultrasonore pour la détection et le dimensionnement de fissures de fatigue (2010)

Les phénomènes de fatigue thermique ou mécanique de matériaux conduisent à l’altération des structures, allant jusqu’à la création de fissures. L’objectif du contrôle non destructif (CND) est de détecter ces fissures et déterminer leurs dimensions, données permettant de statuer sur leurs nocivités et l’endommagement de la structure. Parmi les différentes méthodes de CND, les ultrasons offrent en outre un examen volumique de l’ensemble de la structure, avec une mise en œuvre relativement aisée et non contraignante en termes de sécurité et règlementation. L’interaction entre les ondes ultrasonores et les discontinuités ou fissures présentes au sein de la structure conduit à des échos observés en réception, lesquels après interprétation permettent de dimensionner voire caractériser les défauts à l’origine de ces échos. Selon la nature de l’endommagement (fissure isolée ou réseau de défauts, par exemple dans le cas d’un faïençage thermique, fissure ouverte ou partiellement fermée) et la technique de contrôle utilisée, des phénomènes plus ou moins complexes sont mis en jeu : interaction entre une fissure et un réseau de faïençage proche, contacts partiels entre les faces de la fissure sous l’effet de contraintes … Ces phénomènes peuvent limiter les capacités de dimensionnement, voire même de détection des fissures. Dans cet article, différentes applications menées par le CEA LIST, dans le domaine nucléaire, sont discutées. Ces techniques reposent sur l’utilisation de capteurs multi-éléments ultrasonres, permettant de maîtriser l’orientation et la focalisation du faisceau ultrasonore rayonné dans la pièce, de façon à optimiser la détection et le dimensionnement de défauts. Différents défauts ont été étudiés : fissure de fatigue mécanique inspectée par ultrasons sous contrainte ou hors contrainte, fissure de fatigue thermique, en présence ou non d’un réseau de faïençage. Ces techniques sont optimisées à partir des outils de simulation disponibles au sein de laplateforme logicielle multi-techniques (ultrasons, courants de Foucault, radiographie) CIVA, permettant de prédire les résultats des inspections et ainsi de concevoir et/ou optimiser des techniques de contrôle. Les performances de ces différentes techniques sont évaluées expérimentalement et confrontées aux simulations.
Lead content of canned fruit (1975)

Abstract The levels of lead in samples of canned pineapples, lychees, fruit salad, loganberries, blackcurrants, cherries, apricots, pears, raspberries and tomatoes have been determined. The lead content of the 168 samples was in the range 0.02 to 8.16 parts/million, the mean being 0.94 parts/million. Of the 16 samples which were above the statutory limit for lead of 2 parts/million, 12 were loganberries. The inter‐can variation of lead content ranged from 18.2%to 97.8%with a mean of 56.3 %and in some instances, the difference between the mean lead content of different brands of the same fruit was significant.
Proposal of GDTC model for global communication on enterprise portal (2017)

A portal is expected to promote the creation of enterprise communication. In this paper, the communication process of the Architecture Board utilizing a global enterprise portal is analysed. On the basis of the results, a method for promoting the global enterprise portal is evaluated and proposed for the near future.
Self-healing strategies for component integration faults (2008)

Software systems increasingly integrate Off-The-Shelf (OTS) components. However, due to the lack of knowledge about the reused OTS components, this integration is fragile and can cause in the field a lot of failures that result in dramatic consequences for users and service providers, e.g. loss of data, functionalities, money and reputation. As a consequence, dynamic and automatic fixing of integration problems in systems that include OTS components can be extremely beneficial to increase their reliability and mitigate these risks. In this paper, we present a technique for enhancing component-based systems with capabilities to self-heal common integration faults by using a predetermined set of healing strategies. The set of faults that can be healed has been determined from the analysis of the most frequent integration bugs experienced by users according to data in bug repositories available on Internet. An implementation based on AOP techniques shows the viability of this technique to heal faults in real case studies.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MECHANISM OF THE THERMAL ISOMERIZATION OF 1,2‐DIOLATES. IS THE PINACOL COUPLING REACTION REVERSIBLE. (1978)

Abstract Beim Erhitzen der cis‐Diole (I) bzw. (III)‐(V) entstehen über diskutierte Redoxreaktionen zu Ketolen Gemische aus den isomeren Diolen, z.B. aus (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: “Widening the Roof”: Synthesis and Characterization of New Chiral C1‐Symmetric Octahydrofluorenyl Organolanthanoid Catalysts and Their Implementation in the Stereoselective Cyclizations of Aminoalkenes and Phosphinoalkenes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EFFECT OF APPLE POLYPHENOL ON OXIDATIVE STRESS DURING RECOVERY FROM MUSCLE ATROPHY (2001)

We assessed the effect of apple polyphenol (AP) on the oxidative stress during recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy induced by immobilization (IMM). Single ankle joints of male Wistar rats were casted for 12 days and then remobilized for 6 days by treadmill running (15m/min, 40min/day). During the remobilization (REM) period, rats were treated with AP (150mg/kg/day, p.o.) or water (W). Soleus and plantaris were collected from atrophic and contralateral limbs and their glutathione (GSH) levels measured (n = 7 or 8 rats/group). In casted soleus, IMM resulted in muscle atrophy (−38.1%) and a 1.5 fold increase in ratio of oxidized GSH to total GSH (GSSG/tGSH), when compared to contralateral muscle (p < 0.05). Six days of REM reduced (p < 0.05) the degree of atrophy in both AP (−25.8%) and W (−26.2%) rats, but did not affect GSSG/tGSH in ether AP (1.8 fold) or W (1.7 fold) rats. In casted plantaris, IMM led to muscle atrophy (−38.2%, p < 0.05) in the absence of increased GSSG/tGSH, when compared to contralateral muscle. With REM, the degree of atrophy in AP rats (−28.9%) was lower (p < 0.05) than in W rats (−38.3%). In W rats, GSSG/tGSH in casted plantaris was 1.3 fold higher (p < 0.05) than in contralateral muscle. Interestingly, treatment with AP during REM completely prevented the increase in GSSG/tGSH. The present findings indicate that 1) AP enhances the REM-induced recovery from IMM-induced atrophy in plantaris, but not in soleus 2) that a reduction in the oxidative stress may contribute to the beneficial effect of AP on muscle atrophy.
Sensitivity Analysis of Global Wind-Wave Model (2012)

파랑 모델에서 시공간적인 해상도의 변경은 결과에 많은 영향을 끼친다. 본 연구에서는 모델 입력장의 해상도 변경, 파랑 모델의 해상도 변경 그리고 물리적 옵션에 따른 모델의 민감도를 분석하였다. 모델의 분석을 위해서 전지구 부이관측자료와 위성자료를 이용하였다. 고해상도의 입력장을 사용할 경우 유의파고를 과대 산정하는 경향을 보였고, RSME는 약간 감소하였다. 고해상도의 파랑 모델을 수행할 경우 평균편향 및 RMSE가 약간 증가하였다. 또한, 유효 해상풍 계수를 기존의 값인 1.4보다 작게 설정할 경우 편향과 RMSE가 모두 감소하였다. We studied the characteristics of spatial distribution of global wave height and carried out the modelsensitivity test by changing the input field, model resolution and physical factor (effective wind factor) since the spatial and temporal resolution in wind wave forecasting is one of most important factors. Comparisons among the different cases, and also between model, buoy and satellite data have been made. As a results of the wind-wave model run using the high resolution wind field, the bias of significant wave height showed the positive tendency and the Root-Mean Square Error(RMSE) was a bit decreased based on the comparison with buoy data. When the model resolution was changed to higher, the bias and RMSE was increased, and as the effective wind factor was smaller than default value(= 1.4) the bias and RMSE showed also decreasing pattern.
Rapid prototyping as a design tool for dialogues employing voice recognition (1987)

employing voice recogni tion.
Identification of nuclear proteins of small cell lung cancer cell line H82: An improved procedure for the analysis of silver‐stained proteins (2003)

An efficient method for digestion and extraction of proteolytic peptides from silver-stained proteins was applied to the characterization of nuclear proteins from the small cell lung cancer H82 (ATCC HTB 175) cell line previously separated by high-resolution large format two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. From 68 spots, evenly distributed on the gel area and representing a wide range of spot intensities, 63 (92%) were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionozation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In five cases where the identification was not possible, the presence of an intense background apparently due to the leakage of polymers from the microtubes or other plastics, was detected. Extensive analysis of peptide sequences by ESI MS/MS experiments allowed the identification of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, deamidation of asparagine residues and the presence of isoaspartic acid. A new protein variant not reported in sequence databases was also detected.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Alkylation of Acetoacetates of Chiral Inductors. Synthetic Applications. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Subregional neuroanatomical change as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Regions of the temporal and parietal lobes are particularly damaged in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and this leads to a predictable pattern of brain atrophy. In vivo quantification of subregional atrophy, such as changes in cortical thickness or structure volume, could lead to improved diagnosis and better assessment of the neuroprotective effects of a therapy. Toward this end, we have developed a fast and robust method for accurately quantifying cerebral structural changes in several cortical and subcortical regions using serial MRI scans. In 169 healthy controls, 299 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 129 subjects with AD, we measured rates of subregional cerebral volume change for each cohort and performed power calculations to identify regions that would provide the most sensitive outcome measures in clinical trials of disease-modifying agents. Consistent with regional specificity of AD, temporal-lobe cortical regions showed the greatest disease-related changes and significantly outperformed any of the clinical or cognitive measures examined for both AD and MCI. Global measures of change in brain structure, including whole-brain and ventricular volumes, were also elevated in AD and MCI, but were less salient when compared to changes in normal subjects. Therefore, these biomarkers are less powerful for quantifying disease-modifying effects of compounds that target AD pathology. The findings indicate that regional temporal lobe cortical changes would have great utility as outcome measures in clinical trials and may also have utility in clinical practice for aiding early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease.