gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct coupling of ion chromatography with suppressed conductometric capillary electrophoresis (1996)

Two approaches to interfacing a suppressed ion chromatography (IC) system with a suppressed conductometric capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation system are described. The first interface uses a six-port loop valve which allows selective introduction of any segment of an IC eluite band into the CE system. This arrangement is also suitable as a sample delivery system, especially with CE systems using relatively short capillaries and high electric fields. In the second interface, a small fraction of the IC effluent passes through a length of Nafion tube immersed in a solution of saturated Na2B4O7. Thus, sufficient borax is introduced by Donnan penetration to increase the ionic strength of the flowing stream to an extent appropriate for carrying out CE separations. This valveless design allows the continuous injection of all IC eluite bands into the CE system without additional electrolyte preparation for CE. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 8: 561–568, 1996
Qsparse-Local-SGD: Distributed SGD With Quantization, Sparsification, and Local Computations (2020)

Communication bottleneck has been identified as a significant issue in distributed optimization of large-scale learning models. Recently, several approaches to mitigate this problem have been proposed, including different forms of gradient compression or computing local models and mixing them iteratively. In this paper, we propose Qsparse-local-SGD algorithm, which combines aggressive sparsification with quantization and local computation along with error compensation, by keeping track of the difference between the true and compressed gradients. We propose both synchronous and asynchronous implementations of Qsparse-local-SGD. We analyze convergence for Qsparse-local-SGD in the distributed setting for smooth non-convex and convex objective functions. We demonstrate that Qsparse-local-SGD converges at the same rate as vanilla distributed SGD for many important classes of sparsifiers and quantizers. We use Qsparse-local-SGD to train ResNet-50 on ImageNet and show that it results in significant savings over the state-of-the-art, in the number of bits transmitted to reach target accuracy.
RRT-QX Real-Time Kinodynamic Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments with Continuous-Time Reinforcement Learning (2022)

This chapter presents a real-time kinodynamic motion planning technique for linear systems with completely unknown dynamics in environments with unpredictable obstacles. The methodology incorporates: i) a sampling-based algorithm for path planning and fast replanning; and ii) continuous-time Q-learning for the solution of finite-horizon optimal control problems in real-time. The path planner produces a set of waypoints that dynamically change in time according to the unpredictably appearing obstacles, while the Q-learning controller is responsible for optimal waypoint navigation. The efficacy of the methodology has been validated with simulations.
Regioisomeric SCFA Attachment to Hexosamines Separates Metabolic Flux from Cytotoxicity and MUC1 Suppression (2008)

Chemical biology studies, exemplified by metabolic glycoengineering experiments that employ short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-hexosamine monosaccharide hybrid molecules, often suffer from off-target effects. Here we demonstrate that systematic structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies can deconvolute multiple biological activities of SCFA-hexosamine analogues by demonstrating that triacylated monosaccharides, including both n-butyrate- and acetate-modified ManNAc analogues, had dramatically different activities depending on whether the free hydroxyl group was at the C1 or C6 position. The C1-OH (hemiacetal) analogues enhanced growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and suppressed expression of MUC1, which are attractive properties for an anticancer agent. By contrast, C6-OH analogues supported high metabolic flux into the sialic acid pathway with negligible growth inhibition or toxicity, which are desirable properties for glycan labeling in healthy cells. Importantly, these SAR were general, applying to other hexosamines (e.g., GlcNAc) and non-natural sugar “scaffolds” (e.g., ManNLev). From a practical standpoint, the ability to separate toxicity from flux will facilitate the use of MOE analogues for cancer treatment and glycomics applications, respectively. Mechanistically, these findings overturn the premise that the bioactivities of SCFA-monosaccharide hybrid molecules result from their hydrolysis products (e.g., n-butyrate, which acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and ManNAc, which activates sialic acid biosynthesis); instead the SAR establish that inherent properties of partially acylated hexosamines supersede the cellular responses supported by either the acyl or monosaccharide moieties.
CLINICAL ADVANCES IN LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2010)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an hepatic protein that plays a critical role in metabolism, stimulating fatty acid oxidation in liver and glucose uptake in fat. Systemic administration to obese rodents and diabetic monkeys leads to improved glucose homeostasis and weight loss. In rodents, FGF21 increases with fasting and consumption of a ketogenic diet (KD). In humans, FGF21 correlates with body mass index (BMI), but studies evaluating other parameters show inconsistent results. We examined FGF21 serum levels in lean and obese individuals and in response to dietary manipulation. We also evaluated FGF21 serum levels and liver messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Serum FGF21 was measured after an overnight fast in individuals with BMI ranging from normal to obese. Volunteers fasted for 16 or 72 hours and then ate a standard meal. Another group consumed KD for 12 days. Serum FGF21 and hepatic mRNA expression were measured in obese individuals with NAFLD or NASH. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between BMI and FGF21. There was no change in FGF21 in response to a short fast or KD. A nonstatistically significant fall in FGF21 levels was seen after a 72-hour fast. Hepatic FGF21 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in NAFLD, which correlated with a substantial increase in serum FGF21. In NASH, serum FGF21 but not liver mRNA was increased. CONCLUSIONS: FGF21 correlates with BMI and may be a novel biomarker for NAFLD, but is not nutritionally regulated in humans.
Interleukin-7 enhances colony growth and induces CD20 antigen of a Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, OM9;22. (1993)

A newly established human leukemia cell line, OM9;22, is reported, with B-precursor immunophenotype (CD10+ CD19+ CD22+ HLA- DR+ C mu-) and CD13 antigen, originated from a 19-year-old female patient with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The OM9;22 cells carry a Philadelphia (Ph) translocation and hybrid message detected by a minor-breakpoint cluster region (BCR) exon 1/ABL exon 2 junctional probe using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The genetic alterations are consistent with those observed in the donor's leukemia cells, allowing us to conclude that this cell line is a minor-BCR rearranged Ph-positive ALL (Ph+ ALL). Colony formation of the OM9;22 cells in methylcellulose culture is enhanced by the addition of human interleukin 7 (IL-7). In liquid culture, more than 80% of IL-7-treated OM9;22 cells express CD20 antigen but fail to express surface immunoglobulins or cytoplasmic mu-chain, indicating that the cells have a potential of limited maturation by IL-7. By contrast, IL-4 suppresses the colony formation of the OM9;22 cells. These findings suggest that this cell line might be a model of B-precursor human leukemia with proliferative capability by IL-7.
Six-mode photonic lantern multiplexer made from reduced-cladding fibres (2015)

We report a six-mode photonic lantern multiplexer made from six different step-index single-mode fibres. Reduced cladding fibres assist adiabaticity, while retaining cores resembling those of standard SMF. Light in each fibre excites a different output mode. The loss was ~0.4dB.
Reinforcing a Direct Bond between Optical Materials by Filamentation Based Femtosecond Laser Welding (2012)

We propose a joining process using femtosecond laser micro-welding to reinforce a direct bond.The process, which is executed at ambient temperature and can be applied to both similar and dissimilar material combinations, consists in inscribing weld lines in a closed loop forming a sealing pattern at the outskirts of the direct bond, thus preventing it from lifting off.We first characterized the size of material modification following exposure to focused femtosecond laser pulses at the direct bonded interface and its dependence on processing parameters.The derived optimal joining conditions are then applied to join fused silica-fused silica and fused silica-BK7 assemblies.Statistical measurements show an approximate threefold reinforcement factor after writing 11 weld lines in a rectangular pattern with rounded corners.This data was fitted with the two-parameter-Weibullmodel which gives insight on the performance and reliability of the process.
Nanoapatite and organoapatite implants in bone: Histology and ultrastructure of the interface (1995)

This article reports on the reaction of bone to a new family of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite biomaterials with crystal sizes similar to those of human bone. Pure nanoapatite cylinders and organoapatite cylinders containing a synthetic nanopeptide were analyzed 28 days after implantation into the spongy bone of Chinchilla rabbits. The experimental techniques used for analysis were light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Both implant types were well incorporated, and interface events were found to be similar to those observed on human bone surfaces with regard to resorption by osteoclast-like cells and bone formation by osteoblasts. Different types of giant cells were observed resorbing the outermost surfaces of implants. There seemed to be both dissolution of the implant and particulate biodegradation leading to less dense implant regions near the interface, whereas the bulk of the implants remained denser. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that bone bonding occurred with and without an afibrillar intervening layer. Given the biologic reaction observed, these implant materials should be suitable for bone replacement and the organoapatite form could be useful for additional functions such as the release of drugs and optimized release of antibiotics, growth factors, or other substances. The organic component can also be used to control physical properties in a bony implantation bed.
Conformation properties of buta-1,3-diene-1,4-diones (bisketenes): computational and photoelectron spectroscopic studies (1994)

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of a series of monoketenes RCHCO with a variety of representative substituents have been calculated by ab initio methods, and give good agreement with available experimental photoelectron ionization energies. The structures and orbital energies of the monoketenes Me3SiCHCO (5) and ButMe2SiCHCO (6), the alkene ButMe2SiCHCH2(7) and the bisketenes (Me3SiCCO)2(1) and (ButMe2SiCCO)2(4) have also been calculated by ab initio methods, and are compared with experimentally measured photoelectron ionization energies. The spectra of the ButMe2Si compounds show a characteristic band associated with the But—Si bond. Comparison of the measured and calculated spectra provides strong evidence that the bisketenes 1 and 4 exist predominantly in twisted conformations, with dihedral angles 105° in the former case and 120° in the latter. Dipole moment measurements on 1 and 5 confirm this conclusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized, Enantiomerically and Diastereomerically Pure Cyclohexane Derivatives via Michael Addition of Chiral 3‐Tosyl‐2‐(2‐oxoalkyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidines and Methyl Vinyl Ketone. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diiron(III) and polymeric iron(III)–sodium complexes with bridging and terminal pyridonate ligands: structures and magnetic properties (1996)

The reaction of anhydrous iron(III) chloride or [NEt4]2[Fe2Cl6O] with equimolar quantities of 6-chloro-2-pyridone (Hchp) and NaOMe in MeOH afforded, after recrystallisation from tetrahydrofuran (thf), the one-dimensional polymer [{Fe(µ-chp)6Na3(µ-MeOH)6·2thf}n]1. When the reaction of FeCl3 with NaOMe and Hchp was performed in the presence of 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dmbipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) the dinuclear complexes [Fe2(µ-OMe)2(chp)4(dmbipy)2]·2MeOH 2 or [Fe2(µ-OMe)2(chp)4(phen)2]·2MeOH 3 resulted. The molecular structures at 150 K and magnetic properties between 1.8 and 280 K of 1–3 have been investigated. Complex 1 displays magnetic behaviour consistent with a paramagnet while 2 and 3 exhibit antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the spins of the iron(III) ions through OMe bridges (J=–26.8 to –28.6 cm–1).
Doherty linear power amplifiers for mobile handset applications (2006)

Two Doherty amplifiers are designed in MMIC form, which are fabricated using a commercial InGaP/GaAs HBT foundry process. The one is classical Doherty type amplifier with the size ratio of main device and auxiliary device of N=1, and the other is an extended Doherty with the size ratio of N=3. The input and output circuits are made using hybrid circuit, forming power amplifier modules. The efficiencies are improved about 18.8 % at Pout=23 dBm, about 5 dB backed-off point, from the size ratio N=1 amplifier, and about 21 % at Pout=18.6 dBm, about 10 dB backed-off point, from the size ratio N=3 one. We have extended the technology to the fully integrated power amplifier chip. The amplifier shows an output power of 22.5 dBm and a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 21.3 % at an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 5 %, measured with 54 Mbps 64-QAM-OFDM signals at 5.2 GHz.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Saigon River Impacted by Anthropogenic Activities (2021)

Despite of a high abundance of antibiotics, heavy metals, and organic matters detected in the Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City, the level and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in this river are poorly understood. In this study, total 10 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6)-Ib-cr), β-lactam antibiotics (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM), quinolones (qnrA, qnrB), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), trimethoprim (dfrA), efflux pump (oqxB), and three genes of genetic elements, including integron classes 1, 2, and 3 (intI1, intI2, intI3), are quantified by qPCR. Water samples were collected from the industrial, agricultural, residential, and less impacted areas for the wet and dry seasons. The results present high occurrence rates for 10 ARGs that were observed in all the sampling sites with the following order: sul1, sul2, dfrA &gt; aac(6)-Ib-cr &gt; blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM &gt; qnrA, qnrB. Although the levels of ARGs and integrons in the dry season were found about to be about one order of magnitude higher than those in the wet season, the exact mechanisms for this are not fully clear. The correlation analysis presented here suggests that the contamination of organic matter and nutrients from agricultural, industrial, and residential activities likely contributes to the prevalence of ARGs, integrons, total bacterial load, and the potential development and spread of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environments considered here.
Technical Perspective (2020)

Traditionally, by query answering we mean the problem of finding all answers to a given query over a given database. But what happens if the number of answers is prohibitively big - which may easily occur in a Big Data context? In such situations, it seems preferable to have a mechanism that produces one answer after the other with certain guarantees on the time between any two outputs and to let the user decide when to stop. This leads us to the enumeration problem, which has received a lot of interest recently [1]. However, in order for the user to get a "realistic" picture of the entirety of answers, two crucial questions arise: first, how big is the portion of output answers compared with the total number of answers? And second, do the output answers reflect the variety of the complete set of answers? The first question refers to the counting problem, where we are interested in the total number of answers. The second question leads us to the problem of uniform generation, where we request that the answers be uniformly generated and thus form an unbiased sample of the complete set of answers.
Enhancing 4d Cardiac Mri Registration Network With A Motion Prior Learned From Coronary Cta (2021)

Registration between phases in 4D cardiac MRI is essential for reconstructing high-quality anatomy and appreciating the dynamics. Complex sequential compartmental motion and heterogeneous image quality make it challenging to design regularization functionals in classic optimization settings. In this study, we propose to introduce a novel motion representation model (MRM) into an image registration network to impose spatially variant prior for cardiac motion. A set of highly representative deformation vector fields (DVFs) were generated from high-contrast CTA images. In the form of a convolutional auto-encoder, the MRM was trained to capture the spatial variant pattern of the DVF Jacobian. The CT-derived MRM was then incorporated into an unsupervised network to facilitate 4D MRI registration. Our method was evaluated on ten 4D MRI scans with multi-compartment manual segmentations and achieved 2.25 mm target registration errors (TRE) on left ventricle. Compared to networks without MRM, introduction of the MRM reduced TREs on two ventricles and pulmonary artery with statistical significance. Compared to the tuned SimpleElastix, our method achieved comparable results on all compartments without statistical significance, but with a much shorter registration time of 0.02 s.
Variable frequency and constant frequency modulation techniques for GaN based MHz H-bridge PFC (2015)

This paper explores two modulation techniques for power factor corrector (PFC) based on critical conduction mode (CRM) and proposes a new modulation technique which has the benefits of CRM and allows quasi constant switching frequency also. The converter is designed for MHz range switching frequency as high frequency reduces the size of the EMI filter. However at high frequency, the switching losses become the dominant losses making soft switching a necessity. CRM allows zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on but it's not able to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on when the input voltage is greater than half of the output voltage. To achieve ZVS turn-on over the entire mains cycle, triangular current mode (TCM) was proposed by Marxgut, C. et al.[1] but both these methods have the drawback of variable switching frequency. The new method proposed modifies TCM so that the switching frequency is quasi constant and ZVS turn-on is also achieved over the entire mains cycle. Based on analytical loss model of Cascode GaN transistor, the efficiency of the three modulation techniques is compared. Also, the parameters of the EMI filter required are compared based on simulated noise measurement. As variable switching frequency is not preferred in three phase systems, the quasi constant frequency approach finds its benefits in three phase PFC.
Effect of two new pesticides on sperm morphology of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) (1999)

A new method to assess the environmental safety of pesticide has been proposed in terms of sperm deformity of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida). The results showed that the main sperm morphological deformity appeared to be shape changes of the sperm leads. Significant induction of sperm deformity (P<0.01) and dose-effect relationship displayed when the earthworms were exposed to imidacloprid at the concentrations of more than 0.5mg/kg dry soil. However, The sperm deformity frequency of RH-5849-exposed groups did not show significant difference (P<0.05) from the negative control until the dose reached 100mg/kg dry soil. This study suggests that the detection of sperm abnormality in earthworms could povide an early warning system of polluted environment.
DLC-Film Schottky Barrier Diodes (2005)

A microwave plasma reactor (MPR) is constructed as a facility for the plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) process. The reactor is a mode-adjustable resonance cavity of cylindrical shape. A 2.45 GHz microwave generator is used to ignite the plasma inside the lengthadjustable cavity. The diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film depositions onto the silicon substrates are carried out using H2–CH4 discharge. The Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) are then formed on to the DLC films. The responses of DLC-SBD to DC and time varying signals have been studied as a function of frequency. The frequency dependent response results are compared to the computer models, which includes as input parameters the bulk series resistance, the capacitance associated with the bulk material between the space-charge layer and the ohmic contact, the space-charge layer capacitance, and the diode dynamic resistance.
Preliminary Study of an Active Feedback System for Aircraft Guidance (2012)

This paper presents an experimental test bed developed in the DMIA lab of ISAE. The main interest is to study human factors in aircraft control and guidance and the usage of active feedback devices to provide kinesthesic sensations to pilots. The experimental set-up comprises a complete simulation environment composed of a custom-made flight mechanics model and visuals engine, together with a one-degree-of-freedom active yoke device. The aim of the project is to adapt the yoke impedance to specific flight condition and in this particular case the guidance assistance. In the final paper tests will be performed using a set of at minimum ten subjects to demonstrate the interest of this haptic aiding.
Lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid: evaluation and application of an automated enzymatic assay. (1982)

The DuPont ACA lactic acid procedure was evaluated for use on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method was linear to at least 13.9 mmol per L, day-to-day precision ranged from 3 to 9 percent (CV), and recovery of lactate added to cerebrospinal fluid averaged 104 percent. The method correlated closely with a centrifugal analyzer procedure; r = 0.996, SEy,x 0.16 mmol per L. The reference range, based on patient CSF samples, was 0.8 to 2.3 mmol per L. Elevated CSF lactate concentrations were found in patients with bacterial, but not viral, meningitis. Less marked elevations occurred with head trauma, seizures, strokes, or hemorrhage in the central nervous system. The results suggest that this method is useful in the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Census (2017)

A census is a complete enumeration of a population. Censuses have been around for a long time, but only since the creation of nation‐states have they become institutionalized as important sources of demographic information. Censuses provide information about a population not otherwise obtainable by any other means except a population register. As with all sources of information, a census is subject to errors, including coverage error, content error, and sampling error, if some data are collected from only a sample of the population, as happens in many modern censuses.