gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of anammox bacteria to low temperature via gradual acclimation and cold shocks: Distinctions in protein expression, membrane composition and activities (2021)

Anammox bacteria enable efficient removal of nitrogen from sewage in processes involving partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) or nitrification, partial denitrification, and anammox (N-PdN/A). In mild climates, anammox bacteria must be adapted to ≤15 °C, typically by gradual temperature decrease; however, this takes months or years. To reduce the time necessary for the adaptation, an unconventional method of 'cold shocks' is promising, involving hours-long exposure of anammox biomass to extremely low temperatures. We compared the efficacies of gradual temperature decrease and cold shocks to increase the metabolic activity of anammox (fed batch reactor, planktonic "Ca. Kuenenia"). We assessed the cold shock mechanism on the level of protein expression (quantitative shot-gun proteomics, LCHRMS/MS) and the structure of membrane lipids (UPLCHRMS/MS). The shocked culture was more active (0.66±0.06 vs 0.48±0.06 kg-N/kg-VSS/d) and maintained the relative content of N-respiration proteins at levels consistent levels with the initial state, whereas the content of these proteins decreased in gradually acclimated culture. Cold shocks also induced a more efficient expression of potential cold shock proteins (e.g. ppiD, UspA, pqqC), while putative cold shock proteins CspB and TypA were upregulated in both cultures. Ladderane lipids characteristic for anammox evolved to a similar end-point in both cultures; this confirms their role in anammox bacteria adaptation to cold and indicates a three-pronged adaptation mechanism (ladderane alkyl length, introduction of shorter non-ladderane alkyls, polar headgroup). Overall, we show the outstanding potential of cold shocks for low-temperature adaptation of anammox bacteria and provide yet unreported detailed mechanisms of anammox adaptation to low temperatures.
In situ study of surface reactions of atomic layer deposited LaxAl2−xO3 films on atomically clean In0.2Ga0.8As (2008)

The surface reactions of LaxAl2−xO3 ultrathin films deposited on atomically clean In0.2Ga0.8As by atomic layer deposition are studied by in situ high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using 1:2 alternating cycles of La2O3 and Al2O3 results in a La:Al concentration ratio of 1:10. We found that the LaxAl2−xO3∕InGaAs interface consisted of interfacial Ga-suboxides and As–As bonds but no As- or In-oxides were detected. This suggests an interface formed by Ga–O–Al and Ga–O–La bonds from the precursor reaction.
Fundamental Rarefied Gas Flows (2021)

The study of rarefied gas flows based on kinetic theory of gases is one of the important foundations of vacuum technology. By contrast, “rarefied gas dynamics”, which is specialized for the study of rarefied gas flows, is an established field related to fluid dynamics. However, the knowledge accumulated in rarefied gas dynamics does not seem to have been well utilized in vacuum technology. The present note aims to review some results on fundamental rarefied gas flows, obtained in rarefied gas dynamics, that may be useful for vacuum technology. In addition, the definition of the Maxwell velocity distribution in a manner of rarefied gas dynamics, which differs slightly from that in vacuum technology, is given for reference.
Physiological Influences on Off-Finger Glucose Testing (2001)

Products for monitoring blood glucose that allow extraction from sites other than the finger have recently been introduced. The FreeStyle Blood Glucose Monitor requires only 0.3 microL of blood, and allows extraction from the hand, arm, and leg, as well as the traditional finger site. Differences in circulatory physiology of the off-finger test sites lead to differences in the measured blood glucose concentration. The first study involved 160 clinic visits by 120 unique subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. FreeStyle measurements were compared to YSI Model 2300 Stat Plus Glucose Analyzer plasma measurements using venous blood, capillary blood from the finger, and capillary blood from the arm. In a second study, the time course of glucose variation was tested by simultaneous measurements on the arm and finger taken every 15 min for 6 h. Thirteen subjects with type 1 diabetes were studied in two 6-h sessions. When FreeStyle was compared to YSI using venous samples and finger samples, the regression statistics were very similar. But when FreeStyle with arm samples was compared to YSI with finger samples, the regression equation was similar, but the scatter in the data was statistically significantly greater at the 95% confidence interval. By studying the time course of glucose changes, the difference between finger and arm measurements was attributed to a time lag in the glucose response on the arm with respect to glucose response on the finger. The lag was observed when the glucose concentration was increasing or decreasing, and the lag time varied from subject-to-subject in the range of 5-20 min. Using the Clarke Error Grid Analysis, the difference between arm and finger glucose measurements was not clinically significant. However, when the glucose concentration is decreasing rapidly into a state of hypoglycemia, the lag in measurements on the arm could delay detection of hypoglycemia. When specifically testing for hypoglycemia, the finger may be the preferable test site.
Maurras, la Revue encyclopedique Larousse et l’Affaire Dreyfus (1988)

Dans les papiers laissés par Maurras, figurent huit feuillets, format 13/21, sept seulement étant écrits, qui constituent le brouillon d’une lettre où l’apologiste du commandant Henry présente sa démission de collaborateur de lu Revue encyclopédique. La lettre fut effectivement envoyée et dans les mêmes termes, si l’on en juge par le catalogue de vente de la bibliothèque de Georges Moreau, en 1934, le directeur de ladite Revue, qui précisément le 19 juillet 1900, avait exigé de Maurras cette ...
Automatic Semantic Segmentation of Salient Patterns in Temporal Images for Digital Image Correlation-based Structural Health Monitoring of Large Structures (2022)

Large structures such as wind turbines are subject to environmental factors and varying operational loads which may result in structural damage, making components of these large structures prone to performance and mechanical degradation. The use of high-definition optical vision sensors in digital image correlation (DIC) allow for the application of a non-destructive image registration technique in which it measures finite three-dimensional deformations on surfaces through correlations of a unique pattern or set of unique localized patterns. However, the physical placement of an artificial marker such as a unique speckled pattern on the surface of the structure is time-consuming and often impractical for large structures. Therefore, we propose a novel auto-mated methodology that searches and segments salient and unique regions of an image as well as for all subsequent images to assist in performing efficient displacement measurements for vibrational study and structural health monitoring purposes. Our algorithm is validated on a con-trolled set of images, as well as on a small structure and large real-world wind turbine, which suggests the algorithm’s efficacy without the use of artificial markers for large structural health monitoring.
Motion estimation method for blurred videos and application of deblurring with spatially varying blur kernels (2010)

Optical flow methods, such as Lucas-Kanade and Horn-Schunck algorithms, are popular in motion estimation. However, they fall short on accuracy when they are applied to blurred videos. Some people utilize hybrid camera system to get a low resolution image to suppress the blurring effect so that more accurate optical flow for blurred high resolution image can be further derived, though in most of the practical environments it may not be feasible to deploy hybrid camera systems from cost perspective. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimate motion from a blurred video without the use of hybrid camera system, and to reduce motion blur by calculating its spatially varying blur kernels. Essentially, we first separate moving objects into small regions and use the corners of their boundaries as feature points, and then apply Hierarchical Block Matching Algorithm (HBMA) to track them between frames. Motions of non-corner pixels can therefore be estimated by interpolating the motion of these corner points, which further support the calculation of the spatially varying blur kernels for deblurring purpose. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Age‐dependent impairment of HIF‐1α expression in diabetic mice: Correction with electroporation‐facilitated gene therapy increases wound healing, angiogenesis, and circulating angiogenic cells (2008)

Wound healing is impaired in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that age-dependent impairment of cutaneous wound healing in db/db diabetic mice: (a) would correlate with reduced expression of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) as well as its downstream target genes; and (b) could be overcome by HIF-1alpha replacement therapy. Wound closure, angiogenesis, and mRNA expression in excisional skin wounds were analyzed and circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) were quantified in db/db mice that were untreated or received electroporation-facilitated HIF-1alpha gene therapy. HIF-1alpha mRNA levels in wound tissue were significantly reduced in older (4-6 months) as compared to younger (1.5-2 months) db/db mice. Expression of mRNAs encoding the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1), ANGPT2, platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), and placental growth factor (PLGF) was also impaired in wounds of older db/db mice. Intradermal injection of plasmid gWIZ-CA5, which encodes a constitutively active form of HIF-1alpha, followed by electroporation, induced increased levels of HIF-1alpha mRNA at the injection site on day 3 and increased levels of VEGF, PLGF, PDGF-B, and ANGPT2 mRNA on day 7. CACs in peripheral blood increased 10-fold in mice treated with gWIZ-CA5. Wound closure was significantly accelerated in db/db mice treated with gWIZ-CA5 as compared to mice treated with empty vector. Thus, HIF-1alpha gene therapy corrects the age-dependent impairment of HIF-1alpha expression, angiogenic cytokine expression, and CACs that contribute to the age-dependent impairment of wound healing in db/db mice.
Proof-of-Familiarity: A Privacy-Preserved Blockchain Scheme for Collaborative Medical Decision-Making (2019)

The current healthcare sector is facing difficulty in satisfying the growing issues, expenses, and heavy regulation of quality treatment. Surely, electronic medical records (EMRs) and protected health information (PHI) are highly sensitive, personally identifiable information (PII). However, the sharing of EMRs, enhances overall treatment quality. A distributed ledger (blockchain) technology, embedded with privacy and security by architecture, provides a transparent application developing platform. Privacy, security, and lack of confidence among stakeholders are the main downsides of extensive medical collaboration. This study, therefore, utilizes the transparency, security, and efficiency of blockchain technology to establish a collaborative medical decision-making scheme. This study considers the experience, skill, and collaborative success rate of four key stakeholders (patient, cured patient, doctor, and insurance company) in the healthcare domain to propose a local reference-based consortium blockchain scheme, and an associated consensus gathering algorithm, proof-of-familiarity (PoF). Stakeholders create a transparent and tenable medical decision to increase the interoperability among collaborators through PoF. A prototype of PoF is tested with multichain 2.0, a blockchain implementing framework. Moreover, the privacy of identities, EMRs, and decisions are preserved by two-layer storage, encryption, and a timestamp storing mechanism. Finally, superiority over existing schemes is identified to improve personal data (PII) privacy and patient-centric outcomes research (PCOR).
Interactive intrinsic video editing (2014)

Separating a photograph into its reflectance and illumination intrinsic images is a fundamentally ambiguous problem, and state-of-the-art algorithms combine sophisticated reflectance and illumination priors with user annotations to create plausible results. However, these algorithms cannot be easily extended to videos for two reasons: first, näively applying algorithms designed for single images to videos produce results that are temporally incoherent; second, effectively specifying user annotations for a video requires interactive feedback, and current approaches are orders of magnitudes too slow to support this. We introduce a fast and temporally consistent algorithm to decompose video sequences into their reflectance and illumination components. Our algorithm uses a hybrid ℓ 2 ℓ p formulation that separates image gradients into smooth illumination and sparse reflectance gradients using look-up tables. We use a multi-scale parallelized solver to reconstruct the reflectance and illumination from these gradients while enforcing spatial and temporal reflectance constraints and user annotations. We demonstrate that our algorithm automatically produces reasonable results, that can be interactively refined by users, at rates that are two orders of magnitude faster than existing tools, to produce high-quality decompositions for challenging real-world video sequences. We also show how these decompositions can be used for a number of video editing applications including recoloring, retexturing, illumination editing, and lighting-aware compositing.
Comparison of different technologies for noninvasive skin tightening (2014)

Facial skin laxity is a bothersome sign of aging. In the past, the only option for treating laxity was surgery. While surgical lifting remains the gold standard, there has been a growing demand among patients for less invasive techniques. Patients are increasingly seeking procedures with little to no downtime, lower risk profiles, and a more natural appearance. The industry has responded to these demands with an emergence of noninvasive skin tightening devices. The rate of development and marketing of these devices has increased exponentially within the last decade. Whereas we previously had no options, now we are faced with many choices. How do we choose which technology is best for our patients? While there is a paucity of comparative trials to date, a critical exploration of these technologies is worthwhile. The underlying mechanism of action of all these treatments is essentially the same: heating of the dermis and subdermal areas while minimizing injury to the epidermis. In this article, we outline the different technologies and highlight the differences to help guide us in selecting the right treatment.
Hexakis Porphyrinato Benzenes. A New Class of Porphyrin Arrays (1998)

A new type of porphyrin array has been synthesized by the coupling of six porphyrin moieties to a central benzene core via an ether linkage. The resulting porphryin supermolecule has a diameter up to 80 Å and a mass of 8500 daltons. In solution, the six porphyrins around the central benzene ring arrange themselves into three sets of offset overlapping dimers, which are rapidly interconverting at room temperature. Solution UV−vis and fluorescence studies, however, indicate that there are no electronic interactions between the individual porphyrin molecules. Upon spreading a chloroform solution of these porphyrin molecules on a surface, they self-assemble to form ring-shaped architectures on a micrometer scale. Near-field scanning optical microscopy studies reveal that the porphyrin moieties within the rings have an ordered arrangement with respect to their position in the ring after the sample has been annealed at 80 °C for 2 days.
CARH: service-oriented architecture for validating system-level designs (2006)

Existing system-level design languages (SLDLs) and frameworks mainly provide a modeling and a simulation framework. However, there is an increasing demand for supporting tools to aid designers in quick and faster design space and architectural exploration. As a result, numerous tools such as integrated development environments (IDEs) and others that help in debugging, visualization, validation, and verification are commonly employed by designers. As with most tools, they are targeted for a specific purpose, making it difficult for designers to possess all desired features from one particular tool. Only public-domain tools can be easily extended or interfaced with other existing tools, which a lot of the existing commercial tools do not promote. Having an extendable framework allows designers to implement their own desirable features and incorporate them into their framework. However, for technology reuse and transfer, it is important to have a tidy infrastructure for interfacing the extension with the framework, such that the added solution is not highly coupled with the environment, making distribution and deployment to other frameworks difficult, if not impossible. This requires a plug-and-play framework where features can be easily integrated. These issues of extendibility, deployment, and the inadequacies in SLDLs and frameworks are tackled by presenting a service-oriented architecture for validating SLDs for SystemC, called CARH, We code name our software systems after famous computer scientists. CARH which uses a variety of open-source technologies such as Doxygen, Apache's Xerces extensible markup language parsers, SystemC, and the adaptive communication environment (ACE) object request broker.
Bio-inspired synthetic pathways and beyond: integrative chemistry (2008)

Herein are described some rational synthetic pathways for generating complex architectures with enhanced application in either optics, catalysis, phase separation or magnetism. The ability of integrative chemistry to scissor condensed matter at several length scales where final objects will be macroscopically one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) is discussed. In this general context, the first section deals with fibers generated either through electrospinning or extrusion processes bearing, respectively, magnetic and sensor properties. The second part is dedicated to periodic mesostructured thin films (POMTFs) and nanotextured films obtained, respectively viaEISA and Langmuir–Blodgett techniques, where optical properties will be an issue in both cases through respectively sensing and photo band gap properties. Finally the third part will dedicated to pseudo 3D objects, namely membranes, and 3D mesomacrocellular foams, promoted respectively by mesoscale-driven self organization and emulsion-based synthetic routes where final applications will range from filtration to heterogeneous catalysis.
Quantitative TCR:pMHC Dissociation Rate Assessment by NTAmers Reveals Antimelanoma T Cell Repertoires Enriched for High Functional Competence (2015)

Experimental models demonstrated that therapeutic induction of CD8 T cell responses may offer protection against tumors or infectious diseases providing that T cells have sufficiently high TCR/CD8:pMHC avidity for efficient Ag recognition and consequently strong immune functions. However, comprehensive characterization of TCR/CD8:pMHC avidity in clinically relevant situations has remained elusive. In this study, using the novel NTA-His tag-containing multimer technology, we quantified the TCR:pMHC dissociation rates (koff) of tumor-specific vaccine-induced CD8 T cell clones (n = 139) derived from seven melanoma patients vaccinated with IFA, CpG, and the native/EAA or analog/ELA Melan-A(MART-1)(26-35) peptide, binding with low or high affinity to MHC, respectively. We observed substantial correlations between koff and Ca(2+) mobilization (p = 0.016) and target cell recognition (p < 0.0001), with the latter independently of the T cell differentiation state. Our strategy was successful in demonstrating that the type of peptide impacted on TCR/CD8:pMHC avidity, as tumor-reactive T cell clones derived from patients vaccinated with the low-affinity (native) peptide expressed slower koff rates than those derived from patients vaccinated with the high-affinity (analog) peptide (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we observed that the low-affinity peptide promoted the selective differentiation of tumor-specific T cells bearing TCRs with high TCR/CD8:pMHC avidity (p < 0.0001). Altogether, TCR:pMHC interaction kinetics correlated strongly with T cell functions. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of TCR/CD8:pMHC avidity assessment by NTA-His tag-containing multimers of naturally occurring polyclonal T cell responses, which represents a strong asset for the development of immunotherapy.
Graphene Multilayers for Quantum Microwave Signal Up-Conversion to the Optical Domain (2019)

We propose a new scheme for tunable quantum microwave signal upconversion to the optical frequency domain using graphene multilayers. The graphene layers are electrically connected, biased by a quantum level microwave signal, and subjected to intensive optical pump. The principle of operation is based on modifying the graphene conductivity by the biasing microwave signal. It then follows that an upper optical sideband is generated, while the lower sideband is resonantly attenuated by the destruction of the layered medium . Our calculations show large number of upconverted photons for microvolt driving microwave signal.
Microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients during carotid angioplasty versus carotid endarterectomy (1999)

The percutaneous angioplasty with stenting procedure is associated with more than eight times the rate of microemboli seen during carotid endarterectomy when evaluated with transcranial Doppler monitoring. Larger patient groups are needed to determine if this greater embolization rate has an associated risk of higher morbidity or mortality.