gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokine profile in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and the association between progression and activity of the disease (2013)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive immune‑ mediated disease caused by demyelination of the central nervous system. Cytokines and their receptors have an important role in the evolution of MS lesions, and pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokine levels have been found to correlate with changes in MS disease activity. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pro‑inflammatory [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL) ‑1β, ‑6 and ‑12], T helper (Th) 1 [interferon (IFN)‑γ], Th17 (IL‑17) and Th2 (IL‑4 and ‑10) cytokine serum levels in relapsing‑remitting (RR)‑MS patients and to evaluate the association between the cytokine profile and the progression and activity of the disease. Serum cytokine levels were assessed using enzyme linked‑immunosorbent assays in 169 RR‑MS patients in the remission clinical phase and 132 healthy individuals who were age‑, gender‑, ethnicity‑ and body mass index‑matched. Disability and activity of the disease were evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale and magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium, respectively. IFN‑γ and IL‑6, ‑12 and ‑4 levels were higher in RR‑MS patients compared to controls (P=0.0009, 0.0114, 0.0297 and 0.0004, respectively). IL‑1 levels were higher in controls compared with RR‑MS patients. IL‑4 levels were higher in RR‑MS patients with mild disability compared to those with moderate and severe disability (P=0.0375). TNF‑α and IL‑10 levels were higher in RR‑MS patients with inactive disease compared with those with active disease. IL‑17 levels showed a trend towards being higher in RR‑MS patients with inactive disease compared to those with active disease (P=0.0631). Low TNF‑α and high IFN‑γ levels were independently associated with RR‑MS (P=0.0078 and 0.0056, respectively) and also with the activity of the disease (P=0.0348 and 0.0133, respectively). Results indicated that RR‑MS patients, even in the remission clinical phase, exhibit a complex system of inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory cytokines that may interact to modulate the progression and activity of the disease.
The Fast Immersed Boundary Projection Method (2009)

The immersed boundary methods are able to simulate flows around immersed objects of arbitrary geometry [1,2]. An Eulerian discretization is used to describe the flow field and is forced to satisfy the no-slip constraint by adding appropriate boundary forces at a set of Lagrangian points that represent the immersed boundary. This approach can be combined with the traditional projection/fractional step methods to solve for the incompressible velocity and pressure fields. We demonstrate that the immersed boundary method can be solved in a manner identical to the traditional projection method for incompressible flow. The discrete version of the boundary force and the no-slip boundary condition can be expressed with the regularization and interpolation operators that transfer information from the Lagrangian to the Eulerian grids, and vice versa, respectively. Combining the pressure and the boundary force as a single variable, the resulting representation of the discrete immersed boundary method becomes algebraically identical to the standard discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. This formulation views the combined unknown as a Lagrange multiplier required to simultaneously satisfy the incompressibility and the
Experimental Study on Low-Pass Filtering Characteristic of Axial Magnetic Field of No-Insulation and Partial-Insulation HTS Coils Carrying a DC-Biased AC Current (2014)

This paper deals with the low-pass filtering characteristic of the axial magnetic field of no-insulation and partial-insulation high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils carrying a dc-biased ac current. Recently, the no-insulation winding technique has been issued as a key technique to enhance the performance of HTS coils in terms of the overall current density, thermal stability, and mechanical integrity. In this paper, to verify the effect of time-varying external distortion on no-insulation HTS coils, an experimental analysis is carried on three HTS coils-insulation, no-insulation, and partial-insulation coils. To simulate the environment in which time-varying external distortion influences the HTS coils, a dc-biased ac current is carried by the HTS coils. The axial magnetic fields of no-insulation, partial insulation, and insulation HTS coils are experimentally tested and analyzed. When the coils carry a dc-biased ac current, the no-insulation and partial-insulation coils have a tendency to attenuate the high-frequency components and to act as a low-pass filter on the axial magnetic field; however, the insulation coil does not attenuate the high-frequency components of the axial magnetic field. The analysis of the experimental results can be useful data for the adoption of no-insulation and partial-insulation windings in superconducting applications.
c-Myc dependent genomic instability of the ribonucleotide reductase R2 gene (2000)

c-Myc deregulation has been shown to generate locus-specific chromosomal and extrachromosomal gene amplification, as well as karyotypic instability. My studies focused on c-Myc-dependent amplification of a new c-Myc amplification target, the 'ribonucleotide reductase R2' gene. Using a mouse Pre-B cell line we showed chromosomal and extrachromosomal amplification and rearrangement of the 'R2' gene locus within 72 hours of transient and inducible c-Myc deregulation. We further showed that the initiation of c-Myc-dependent R2 instability occurs as early as 24 hours of transient c-Myc deregulation. Previous studies have demonstrated gene amplification using cell cycle inhibiting drugs, resulting in locus-specific gene amplification within 5-22 replication cycles. My study is novel in that it uses an inducible system to study initiation of c-Myc-dep ndent 'R2' amplification. The results of this work suggest that the c-Myc-dependent initiation of amplification of 'R2' is replication-driven. This does not exclude subsequent gene amplification through other mechanisms. To study c-Myc-dependent extrachromosomal gene amplification, we developed two methods for the analysis of extrachromosomal DNA amplicons. These methods include fluorescent 'in situ' hybridization to characterize the genes found in the total population of purified extrachromosomal DNA and the specific isolation of histone-bound extrachromosomal DNA, which is associated with active genes.
Low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, calcitriol level, and CD206 level predict the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients cirrhosis with acute decompensation (2023)

Single and combined immunological markers, including low LMR and low levels of calcitriol and CD206, were promising for early prediction of the development of ACLF, HE, and infection in patients with cirrhosis.
Analysis of novel enzalutamide-resistant cells: upregulation of testis-specific Y-encoded protein gene promotes the expression of androgen receptor splicing variant 7 (2020)

This study demonstrated that SAS MDV No. 3-14 cells increase the expression of AR-v7 by upregulating <i>TSPY</i>, leading to acquired resistance to enzalutamide.
Fabrication-Tolerant-Design for Single-Lobe, Surface-Emitting Quantum Cascade Lasers (2020)

Grating-coupled, surface-emitting (GCSE) quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are attractive sources for realizing watt-range continuous-wave (CW) output powers in the mid-infrared spectral region. Linear GCSE QCLs generally operate in the antisymmetric longitudinal mode [1] , which produces a double-lobed beam pattern. The antisymmetric mode can be suppressed by using a metal/semiconductor, 2 nd- order distributed-feedback (DFB) grating [2] , allowing symmetric longitudinal-mode operation and a single-lobe beam pattern. However, such designs require rather tight tolerances in grating duty cycle which cause fabrication challenges. Nevertheless, we have previously reported experimental results from GCSE QCLs using this approach - a single-lobe, diffraction-limited beam with a peak pulsed output power of ~ 0.4 W from wide ridges (~ 21 μm) [3] . Alternatively, GCSE devices designed to operate in an antisymmetric mode can exhibit a single-lobe beam by using a central π-phaseshift in the gratings [4] . Here we show that 4.6 μm-emitting GCSE QCLs with a central π-phaseshift can be designed to solely operate in an antisymmetric mode for high CW output power, single-lobed beam operation, while maintaining strong intermodal discrimination over a wide range in grating duty cycle.
Donor-acceptor pair luminescence in B and P compensated Si co-doped with Ga (2013)

The electrical activity of Ga impurities in a high concentration range in B and P highly compensated Si co-doped with Ga for photovoltaic applications has been investigated through the analysis of donor-acceptor pair luminescence. We have identified the fine structure due to the pair luminescence between P-donors and Ga-acceptors based on a comparison with a theoretical spectrum using their generally accepted ionization energies in low concentration ranges in uncompensated Si. The fine structure showed no dependence on dopant concentrations in the P and Ga concentration ranges from 7 × 1016 to 4 × 1017 cm−3 and from 5 × 1016 to 3 × 1017 cm−3, respectively, which leads us to suggest that both P and Ga impurities act as isolated donors and acceptors without noticeable reduction of ionization energies due to high doping.
On-orbit passive thermography (2008)

On July 12, 2006, British-born astronaut Piers Sellers became the first person to conduct thermal nondestructive evaluation experiments in space, demonstrating the feasibility of a new tool for detecting damage to the reinforced carbon–carbon (RCC) structures of the Shuttle. This new tool was an extravehicular activity (EVA, or spacewalk) compatible infrared camera developed by NASA engineers. Data was collected both on the wing leading edge of the orbiter and on pre-damaged samples mounted in the Shuttle's cargo bay. A total of 10 infrared movies were collected during the EVA totaling over 250 MB of data. Images were downloaded from the orbiting Shuttle to Johnson Space Center for analysis and processing. Results are shown to be comparable to ground-based thermal inspections performed in the laboratory with the same type of camera and simulated solar heating. The EVA camera system detected flat-bottom holes as small as 2.54 cm in diameter with 50% material loss from the back (hidden) surface in RCC during this first test of the EVA IR Camera. Data for the time history of the specimen temperature and the capability of the inspection system for imaging impact damage are presented.
Broadband measurements of chromatic dispersion of higher-order fiber modes selectively excited using a spatial light modulator (2021)

We report a white-light interferometric method for broad-band measurements of chromatic dispersion of higher-order-modes (HOMs) selectively excited in an optical fiber using a spatial light modulator (SLM). To excite a specific mode we appropriately modulated a phase distribution across a supercontinuum input beam with the SLM used in reflective configuration. For this purpose, the SLM surface was divided into azimuthally and radially distributed sectors which introduce the phase shifts equal alternately to 0 or π radians, similarly as in the targeted mode. The voltage applied to respective sectors of the SLM was corrected versus wavelength to ensure broad-band dispersion measurements for the required mode. For a given voltage setting, the dispersion measurements were possible without any correction over 250 nm in the visible and over even greater range in the infrared. We demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach in the measurements of chromatic dispersion for all modes supported by Corning SMF-28e, i.e., LP01, LP11, LP21, LP02, and LP31. The measurements were conducted in the spectral range from 450 nm up to the cut-off wavelengths of respective higher order modes and up to 1600 nm for the fundamental mode.
Particle Size Distribution of Fumed Silica Agglomerates at Low Shear Stress (2005)

An experimental study has been undertaken to give guidelines for assessing particle size measurements for non-monodisperse, non-spherical, highly agglomerated particles such as pyrogenic (fumed) silicas under technical handling conditions, i.e., high solid concentrations and low shear stress. Contrary to common dry powders, the agglomerates have the relevant particle sizes to describe this colloidal system best. Conventional particle size methods often lead to destruction of the sample by applying high dispersion forces, or they are performed at extreme dilution. None of them reproduces the relevant particle size of pyrogenic silicas.
RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS FACTOR OF METAL SILOS : Effect of earthquake wave, natural period, viscus damping and degradation of stiffness (1991)

The purpose of these studies is to introduce a value D_ηаertaining to damping characteristics and ductility of metal silos from analytical response for many earthquakes. We treated the analytical models contained both the characteristics of natural period before buckling and the ratio of degradation of stiffness after buckling, by using experimental result. As a result of the studies, the following items have been made clear for D_η, 1) Influences of many kinds of earthquake, 2) Influences of natural period, 3) Influences of viscous damping, 4) Influences of degradation of stiffness.
Torsional Behavior of WaveOne Gold Endodontic File with the Dedicated Motor of the Original WaveOne File (2018)

This study compares the safety limits and torsional resistances of WaveOne Gold (WOG) and WaveOne (WO) endodontic files while using the original motor. The safety limits for reciprocating angles were tested by measuring the torsional limit before plastic deformation (TLP) after repetitive torsional loading at gradually increasing load, and after single continuous rotation. Statistical analysis was performed by independent <i>t</i>-test at 95% confidence level. The tested specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regardless of the test mode, the distortion angle at the TLP was higher for WOG than WO (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and all were greater than the 150-degree rotation of the original motor. The mean values of the distortion angle and torque from the single continuous rotation loading were significantly lower than those with repetitive loading movements. Comparing the two systems under SEM, WO showed a catastrophic change in comparison with WOG. Evaluation of the lateral aspects showed longitudinal micro-cracks after 270-degree repetitive movements. After 150-degree repetitive movements, no distorted machining grooves were found in either group, but WO showed evidence of longitudinal micro-cracks. Under the conditions of this study, the torsional loading from the pre-set mode of the dedicated motor for WO was safe for WOG as well.
An algebraic approach to symmetry detection (2004)

We present an algorithm for detecting cyclic and dihedral symmetries of an object. Both symmetry types can be detected by the special patterns they generate in the object's Fourier transform. These patterns are effectively detected and analyzed using the "angular difference function" (ADF), which measures the difference in the angular content of images. The ADF is accurately computed by using the pseudo-polar Fourier transform, which rapidly computes the Fourier transform of an object on a near-polar grid. The algorithm detects all the axes of centered and non-centered symmetries. The proposed algorithm is algebraically accurate and uses no interpolations.
Simultaneous joint migration inversion for semicontinuous time-lapse seismic data (2017)

We demonstrate that Simultaneous Joint Migration Inversion (SJMI) is a very suitable tool to process time-lapse datasets acquired from semi-continuous time-lapse monitoring surveys, such as a so-called i4D survey technology. In the i4D technology, inexpensive sparse localized surveys, termed i4D surveys, are employed between conventional full-field surveys, which can be treated as a special case of changing geometries during monitoring. The simultaneous strategy of SJMI can help compensate the poor illumination of the sparse surveys with full-field survey information during processing. The imaging of multiples embedded in JMI also helps to improve the illumination. Furthermore, for (semi-)continuous monitoring, we propose to apply an extra L1 denoising sparse constraint on the image differences between the baseline and monitors along the calendar time axis, by taking advantage of the feature that time-lapse effects act like continuous events along the calendar time axis when the monitoring surveys are employed frequently enough. With a complex synthetic example based on the Marmousi model, we demonstrate that SJMI is a proper tool to process datasets from such i4D surveys. We also show that SJMI with the extra L1 constraint on reflectivity differences along the calendar time axis improves the quality of time-lapse effects. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 3:55 PM Location: 351F Presentation Type: ORAL
An Efficient Procedure for Expensive Reservoir-Simulation Optimization Under Uncertainty (2013)

Summary Many oilfield optimization problems concern expensive numerical-reservoir-simulation-based objective functions. These are computationally demanding and can require a significant amount of time to evaluate. With the addition of uncertainty in the underlying models, the computational cost is exacerbated and the collective cost necessary to realize the efficient frontier for the decision maker can become considerable. Although approximation methods are often used to alleviate the cost of optimization, methods to improve the efficiency of the entire process in the presence of uncertainty are less established. This paper presents a scheme that, unlike the conventional approach, ensures that a convex efficient frontier is generated while also reducing the number of simulation evaluations necessary. This is achieved by reuse of sampled data through a procedure referred to as "recasting." Here, existing sample data in the solution space are mapped to a particular objective space of choice dictated by the weights assigned to the mean and standard-deviation terms. Results from an analytical test case, a numerical reservoir-simulation model, and a coupled reservoir plus surface-facility-simulation model are presented. The results show that the proposed workflow can help reduce the high computational cost associated with expensive simulation based function optimization under uncertainty.
Data Supplement from Bioactive Lipids, LPC and LPA, Are Novel Prometastatic Factors and Their Tissue Levels Increase in Response to Radio/Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. Ki16425 is not toxic against RMS cells. Panel A - Proliferation of RH30 cells pretreated for 1h with 10 μM or 50 μM Ki15425 in comparison to control cells pretreated with vehicle only. Panel B - Representative FACS analysis of Anexin V binding and propidium iodide incorporation into RMS cells 24h after pre-treatment with Ki16425. Panel C - Analysis of Anexin V and propidium iodide staining in cells 24h and 48h after 1h pre-treatment pre with Ki16425. Pre-treatment was done in PBS, then cells were washed out from inhibitor, resuspended in medium supplemented with 10% FBS and cultured in suspension in low cell adherence dishes. Panel D - Analysis of Anexin V and propidium iodide staining in RMS cells exposed for 48 hours to Ki16425. Cells were incubated in the presence of inhibitor in medium supplemented with 0.5% BSA or 10% FBS.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of contact properties at interface between metal and graphene up to 15 GHz (2020)

Abstract The contact properties between metal and monolayer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene were investigated. Coplanar waveguides (CPWs) composed of CVD graphene‐based signal lines and Au‐based ground lines were fabricated. The S‐parameters of the CPWs were experimentally measured from 1 to 15 GHz. The contact properties were analyzed using a lumped component‐based equivalent circuit model, which consists of the experimentally determined parallel contact resistance and the parallel contact capacitance. The calculated S‐parameters of the model roughly agreed with the measured ones, which indicated that the model was suitable for analyzing the contact properties between metal and graphene up to 15 GHz. Because the impedance of the contact capacitance ( 4.8 × 10 −3 Ω ) was four orders of magnitude lower than that of the contact resistance ( 50 Ω ) at 15 GHz, the current flow was more capacitive and efficient than that in the DC band. The ratio of power consumption and power storage in the microwave band to the total power consumption in the DC band decreased with increasing frequency and increasing contact capacitance. Therefore, higher contact capacitance is preferable in designing microwave devices with a metal/graphene‐based feeding structure, such as antennas and transmission lines.
A solitary fibrous tumor of the upper limb (2015)

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) of the upper limb are extremely rare, and we report this tumor in the arm of a 30-year-old male. He is presented with a 22 cm painless mass. Complete surgical excision was performed. The histological diagnosis of SFT was based on the presence of ectatic blood vessels and positive staining for CD34 and vimentin. He remains disease-free at the 3-year follow-up interval. The report aims to increase the awareness of the criteria for the histological diagnosis of SFT, as well as the principles of their surgical excision and follow-up.
Adaptive filtering algorithms for stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (2002)

It is likely that stereophonic (and more generally, multichannel) sound pick-up, transmission and diffusion will be implemented in future teleconference systems to provide the users with enhanced quality. Therefore, adequate solutions must be found to solve the problem of stereophonic acoustic echo which will occur in such systems. We explain in this paper the difference between the mono and two-channel systems and the behavior of the two-channel classical adaptive algorithms in comparison with the same algorithms in the mono-channel case. Also, we outline a new NLMS-like algorithm derived from the two-channel RLS algorithm as a first member of a family of improved two-channel adaptive filters.
‘Verses on Russian Poetry’ (2020)

The chapter considers Mandelstam’s 1932 ‘Verses on Russian Poetry’ as an act of engagement with Soviet critical debates on poetry and ideology, and on the nature of the poetic canon. The cycle has been deemed to illustrate Mandelstam at his most hermetic and even backward-looking, read as poems that put up a verbal screen. In fact, it is highly topical and draws heavily on contemporary newspaper material about literary groups and reviews of his own work. A new, productive method of reading such difficult texts is proposed here by showing how closely the cycle assimilates its horizon of expectation, using the language of parable, allegory, visual emblem, and political quotation. Flowing out of the events described in Chapter 1, the cycle asks whether there are limits to the evolutionary model of survival of the fittest that operates in an age of class warfare, and whether in a poetic world that formerly cultivated dialogue the poet still has a place.