gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of CO<inf>2</inf> in filamentation of 3.9-μm Mid IR pulses in ambient air (2017)

Summary form only given. Filamentation of Mid-IR pulses in ambient air is significantly more complicated and challenging as compared to near-IR filaments, due the changing sign of dispersion in the vicinity of 3.6 μm, substantially lower ionization rates and hence plasma density [1], as well as because of the presence of molecular resonances around the atmospheric transparency windows. Experimental observations reveal that despite its low concentration in ambient air, which is only 400-600 ppm (0.04-0.06%), CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> strongly affects filamentation of 3.9-μm pulses by influencing spectral and temporal dynamics, as well as spatial beam transformations and propagation losses. As a main loss mechanism during filamentation of loosely focused 3.9-μm pulses in ambient air, dynamic absorption by CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is identified. Since in the case of loose focusing plasma density in the filament is negligible, pulses during filamentation in both main constituents, O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , experience pronounced red-sided broadening (Fig.1a), which is governed by stimulated Raman scattering. In ambient air, newly generated spectral components roll over CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> resonant absorption band situated in the vicinity of 4.2-μm and are effectively absorbed, which results in up to 50% filamentation losses. To our surprise, an increase of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration to ~5% level (by exhaling air [3] into 2-m long open-ended tube) leads to complete disappearance of losses.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. XXI. PERFLUOROALKYL‐2‐(4‐NITROANILINO)PYRIMIDINES (1982)

Abstract Durch Kondensation des p‐Nitrophenylguanidins (I) mit den fluorierten 1,3‐Diketonen (II) lassen sich die 2‐Nitranilinopyrimidine (III) darstellen, die als potentielle Viricide getestet werden sollen.
LibGuides: Cite Checking Resources: Writing Your Comment (2010)

This guide is designed to help law students start their first cite checking assignment, and is also intended to be a reference that students can return to at anytime for assistance with typical cite checking questions.
Assessment of hemostasis in platelet transfusion clinical trials with differential follow‐up (2012)

In the recent publication, ‘Meta-analysis of the studies of bleeding complications of platelets pathogen-reduced with the Intercept system’, Vamvakas limits the analysis to bleeding complications in the randomized clinical trials described in peer-reviewed scientific publications [1]. These bleeding complications are reported as proportions, for example, number of patients in the treatment group experiencing a Grade 2 bleeding event divided by the number of patients in the treatment group. However, an underlying assumption in using proportions to quantify bleeding complications is that patients are observed for exactly the same period of time. Four of the five studies Vamvakas chose for this meta-analysis observed patients for a variable length of time, that is, patients were transfused with platelets until they achieved platelet independence or reached the end of the study period. Clearly, if patients are observed for a longer period of time, then it is more likely that a bleeding event will be observed. Conversely, if the observation time is shorter, a bleeding event is less likely to be observed. Thus, the estimated odds ratios calculated by Vamvakas and used throughout this meta-analysis are inappropriate because differential time for the observation of bleeding was ignored. Logistic regression methods may be used to predict the probability of the occurrence of bleeding events and estimate the effect of treatment while controlling for differences in the duration of patient observation and other potential confounders that cannot be balanced via stratified randomization (e.g. bleeding prior to administration of the first study transfusion, occurrence of graft versus host disease during the observation period for allogeneic HSCT patients). These estimates and their accompanying standard errors (or confidence intervals) may then be used in combining the statistical evidence across the randomized clinical trials.
Quinolone antibacterials: preparation and activity of bridged bicyclic analogues of the C7-piperazine (1991)

A series of quinolone and naphthyridine antibacterial agents possessing as the C7-heterocycle bicyclic 2,5-diazabicyclo[n.2.m]alkanes, where n = 2, 3 and m = 1, 2, and a series including 4-aminopiperidine and 3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes have been prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. These compounds were also tested against the target enzyme bacterial DNA gyrase. All the examples investigated are nearly equipotent with the parent 7-piperazinyl analogues. Only endo-7-(3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro- 1,4- dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid displays activity that surpasses that of the piperazine parent.
Anticancer Effects of the Nitric Oxide-Modified Saquinavir Derivative Saquinavir-NO against Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells (2010)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor saquinavir shows anticancer activity. Although its nitric oxide-modified derivative saquinavir-NO (saq-NO) was less toxic to normal cells, it exerted stronger inhibition of B16 melanoma growth in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice than saquinavir did. Saq-NO has been shown to block proliferation, upregulate p53 expression, and promote differentiation of C6 glioma and B16 cells. The anticancer activity of substances is frequently hampered by cancer cell chemoresistance mechanisms. Therefore, we here investigated the roles of p53 and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1) in cancer cell sensitivity to saq-NO to get more information about the potential of saq-NO as anticancer drug. Saq-NO exerted anticancer effects in lower concentrations than saquinavir in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Neither p53 mutation or depletion nor expression of P-gp, MRP1, or BCRP1 affected anticancer activity of saq-NO or saquinavir. Moreover, saq-NO sensitized P-gp-, MRP1-, or BCRP1-expressing cancer cells to chemotherapy. Saq-NO induced enhanced sensitization of P-gp- or MRP1-expressing cancer cells to chemotherapy compared with saquinavir, whereas both substances similarly sensitized BCRP1-expressing cells. Washout kinetics and ABC transporter ATPase activities demonstrated that saq-NO is a substrate of P-gp as well as of MRP1. These data support the further investigation of saq-NO as an anticancer drug, especially in multidrug-resistant tumors.
Friction Welding (1978)

Among the seven methods of friction welding developed so far, it is the conventional or continuous drive and the inertia or stored energy methods which are used quite extensively. The inertia method is more popular in the USA. Both these processes have merits and demerits of their own. It is difficult to compare both these methods as a whole, hence a comparison has been worked out in the light of the process characteristics and capabilities.
Focused Ion Beam Induced X-Ray Analysis (2005)

Extract HTML view is not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button. Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 31--August 4, 2005
Gated viewing and high-accuracy three-dimensional laser radar (2004)

We have developed a fast and high-accuracy three-dimensional (3-D) imaging laser radar that can achieve better than 1-mm range accuracy for half a million pixels in less than 1 s. Our technique is based on range-gating segmentation. We combine the advantages of gated viewing with our new fast technique of 3-D imaging. The system uses a picosecond Q-switched Nd:Yag laser at 532 nm with a 32-kHz pulse repetition frequency (PRF), which triggers an ultrafast camera with a highly sensitive CCD with 582 x 752 pixels. The high range accuracy is achieved with narrow laser pulse widths of approximately 200 ps, a high PRF of 32 kHz, and a high-speed camera with gate times down to 200 ps and delay steps down to 100 ps. The electronics and the software also allow for gated viewing with automatic gain control versus range, whereby foreground backscatter can be suppressed. We describe our technique for the rapid production of high-accuracy 3-D images, derive performance characteristics, and outline future improvements.
Herpesvirus Entry Mediator and Ocular Herpesvirus Infection: More than Meets the Eye (2017)

As its name suggests, the host receptor herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) facilitates herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry through interactions with a viral envelope glycoprotein. HVEM also bridges several signaling networks, binding ligands from both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamilies with diverse, and often opposing, outcomes. While HVEM was first identified as a viral entry receptor for HSV, it is only recently that HVEM has emerged as an important host factor in immunopathogenesis of ocular HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Surprisingly, HVEM exacerbates disease development in the eye independently of entry. HVEM signaling has been shown to play a variety of roles in modulating immune responses to HSV and other pathogens, and there is increasing evidence that these effects are responsible for HVEM-mediated pathogenesis in the eye. Here, we review the dual branches of HVEM function during HSV infection: entry and immunomodulation. HVEM is broadly expressed; intersects two important immunologic signaling networks; and impacts autoimmunity, infection, and inflammation. We hope that by understanding the complex range of effects mediated by this receptor, we can offer insights applicable to a wide variety of disease states.
Investigation of Risk Acceptance in Facial Transplantation (2006)

This study presents an empirical basis for assessing risk versus benefit in facial transplantation. In doing so, it provides a more solid foundation upon which to introduce this exciting new reconstructive modality into the clinical arena.
Insight into redox regulation of apoptosis in cancer cells with multiparametric live-cell microscopy (2022)

Abstract Cellular redox status and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of apoptotic potential, playing a crucial role in the growth of cancer cell and their resistance to apoptosis. However, the relationships between the redox status and ROS production during apoptosis remain poorly explored. In this study, we present an investigation on the correlations between the production of ROS, the redox ratio FAD/NAD(P)H, the proportions of the reduced nicotinamide cofactors NADH and NADPH, and caspase-3 activity in cancer cells at the level of individual cells. Two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was applied to monitor simultaneously apoptosis using the genetically encoded sensor of caspase-3, mKate2-DEVD-iRFP, and the autofluorescence of redox cofactors in colorectal cancer cells upon stimulation of apoptosis with staurosporine, cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide. We found that, irrespective of the apoptotic stimulus used, ROS accumulation correlated well with both the elevated pool of mitochondrial, enzyme-bound NADH and caspase-3 activation. Meanwhile, a shift in the contribution of bound NADH could develop independently of the apoptosis, and this was observed in the case of cisplatin. An increase in the proportion of bound NADPH was detected only in staurosporine-treated cells, this likely being associated with a high level of ROS production and their resulting detoxification. The results of the study favor the discovery of new therapeutic strategies based on manipulation of the cellular redox balance, which could help improve the anti-tumor activity of drugs and overcome apoptotic resistance.
Structural Elements of a Protein Antigen Determine Immunogenicity of the Embedded MHC Class I-Restricted T Cell Epitope (2002)

Substantial effort has been invested into optimization of vector structure, DNA formulation, or delivery methods to increase the effectiveness of DNA vaccines. In contrast, it has been only insufficiently explored how the higher order structure of an antigenic protein influences immunogenicity of embedded epitopes in vivo. Potent CD8+ T cell responses specific for a single immunogenic epitope are induced upon electrovaccination with plasmid DNA encoding the full-length heavy chain of the human HLA-Cw3 molecule. Contrary to expectations, a minimal construct, which provoked a substantial release of IFN-gamma from specific CTLs in vitro, did not induce a significant response in vivo. Systematically altered variants of the Cw3 molecule were thus tested both in vivo and in vitro to determine which structural parts are responsible for this discrepancy. In complementation experiments the participation of trans-acting helper epitopes was ruled out. Successive C-terminal truncations, human/mouse domain swap variants, and subdomain modifications defined the alpha3 region of the HLA heavy chain and membrane anchoring as critical elements. Based on these data, refined minimal constructs were engineered that triggered very high in vivo responses. The most advanced variant consisted only of an adenoviral leader, antigenic epitope, alpha3 domain, and 16 aa of the transmembrane domain. When a tumor Ag epitope was incorporated into one of these high performer minimal constructs, protection against melanoma metastases was attained upon vaccination. Thus, structural elements of the Ag can dominantly influence immunogenicity in vivo. These elements can also markedly improve the immunogenicity of unrelated Ags and may form the basis of a new generation of DNA vaccines.
Assessment of the oxygen transport capacity of NRCs with a 70% blood exchange in rats (1998)

Neo red cells (NRCs) are a blood substitute representing stroma free hemolysate (SFHL) encapsulated in liposomes and containing NAD, glucose, adenine, and inosine, etc. as substrates or coenzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway in RBCs and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) as an allosteric effector. The oxygen transport efficiency (OTE) of NRCs was increased to > 45% when the oxygen partial pressure in arterial blood increased. We carried out exchange transfusion with NRCs in rats, monitored their functioning as a blood substitute in vivo, and demonstrated that NRCs worked sufficiently. First, we confirmed that the OTE of NRCs was augmented by increasing the oxygen supply to the rats by using oxygen masks. Second, we carried out 70% blood exchange with NRCs (with hemoglobin concentrations of 4, 5, 6, or 7 g/dl), and compared these experimental groups with control groups (RBC and saline). Each sample was contained bovine albumin (final volume of 5% (w/v)). As a result, the NRC groups with hemoglobin concentrations of 5, 6, and 7 g/dl showed stability after the exchange transfusion. On the other hand, the NRC group with hemoglobin concentration of 4 g/dl and the saline group showed respiratory acidosis and a drop of blood pressure and heart rate, and thus did not maintain an adequate oxygen supply. We concluded that a hemoglobin concentration of > 5 g/dl was sufficient in the NRC solution, and demonstrated in an experiment on animals that the OTE of NRCs was increased by using oxygen masks.
Synthesis of saulatine (1993)

Abstract A study directed toward the synthesis of saulatine (5,8,9,14a‐tetrahydro‐3,4,11,12‐tetramethoxy‐isoquino[1,2‐ b ]benzazepine‐6,14‐dione) is described. The successful synthetic route consists of three steps starting with 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethylamine and 2‐bromo‐(3,4‐dimethoxy‐2‐ethoxycarbomethylphenyl)‐acetate. It was found that the methoxy moieties present on the aromatic rings prohibit the use of the intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts reaction with a Lewis acid catalyst for ring construction because of their demethylation tendency under the reaction conditions.
0620 Effect Of Antidepressants On Sleep Architecture (2019)

Antidepressants are presumed to have a strong effect on sleep stage. Current standards for performance of MSLT recommend that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) type antidepressants are held prior to administration, to avoid potentially spurious result based on the presumption they suppress REM sleep during the MSLT. Due to the consequences of such medications change, including risk of worsening depression or even higher suicide risk, often the test is omitted altogether. Most prior studies are small, including 12-30 subjects, and most examined healthy volunteers. Furthermore, most examine the effects of these medications on the overnight polysomnogram, with very few reporting data on MSLT. While in some circumstances stimulants are prescribed symptomatically without an established diagnosis, for most patients we see, the firm diagnosis is needed to justify services or medication coverage. To determine the extent of the antidepressant/REM suppressant effect on the MSLT from a large volume retrospective analysis, we compared MSLT results among 3 groups of patients - on antidepressants, on no antidepressants and on held antidepressants. Our data source is over 850 PSG/MSLT studies gathered at 3 Boston-area medical centers from 2014-2018. The MSLT consists of 5 naps and we will compare REM latency and sleep latency on those 5 naps among these 3 groups. To avoiding censoring data in the event of no nap, we will perform survival analysis. Preliminary data from approximately 200 patients demonstrates mean sleep latency in SSRI group of 9.9+/-6.3 minutes. The mean sleep latency of the non-SSRI group is 9.7+/-7.6 minutes. The mean REM latency of the SSRI group is 19.3+/-3.9 minutes, and then mean REM latency of the non-SSRI group is 17.4+/-5.9 minutes. Preliminary analysis demonstrates similar sleep-onset latencies between SSRI and non-SSRI groups, with a possibly shorter REM latency, however, with further data accrual and survival analysis, this effect may become more apparent. The preliminary data may lend support to extending the criteria for SOREM in an MSLT in a patient taking SSRI. Jazz
Integration of Local Stress Techniques with Strained-Si Directly on Insulator (SSDOI) Substrates (2006)

Various local stress techniques have been integrated on strained-Si directly on insulator (SSDOI) substrates, including dual stress liner (DSL), stress memory technique (SMT), and embedded SiGe (eSiGe) in source/drain. SMT shows mild drive current enhancement on nFETs. PFETs with eSiGe exhibit significant enhancement, suggesting eSiGe compatibility with SSDOI is excellent. A ring oscillator delay of 3ps is achieved at leakage current of 1 μA/μm and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1.1V
Nontypical Luminescence Properties and Structural Relation of Ba3P5N10X:Eu2+ (X = Cl, I): Nitridophosphate Halides with Zeolite-like Structure (2015)

The isotypic nitridophosphates Ba3P5N10X (X = Cl, I) have been synthesized by high-temperature reaction under pressures between 1 and 5 GPa. The crystal structures of both compounds were solved and refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Accuracy of the structure determination as well as phase purity of the products were confirmed by Rietveld refinement and FTIR spectroscopy. The band gap values (4.0–4.3 eV) for the direct transitions were determined from UV–vis data using the Kubelka–Munk function and were confirmed by DFT calculations. Both compounds crystallize in the Ba3P5N10Br structure type (space group Pnma (No. 62), Z = 8; Ba3P5N10Cl, a = 12.5182(5) Å, b = 13.1798(5) Å, c = 13.7676(6) Å, R1 = 0.0214, wR2 = 0.0526; Ba3P5N10I, a = 12.6311(7) Å, b = 13.2565(8) Å, c = 13.8689(8) Å, R1 = 0.0257, wR2 = 0.0586) with a tetrahedra network being analogous to the topology of the JOZ zeolite structure type. The crystal structure is built up of all-side vertex-sharing PN4 tetrahedra leading to a zeolite-like framework with three-dimensional achter-ring channels containing alternately Ba and respective halide atoms. The condensed dreier-, vierer-, and sechser-rings form two different composite building units made up of 344286-cages. Upon being doped with Eu2+, the title compounds exhibit intriguing luminescence properties, which were compared with that of Ba3P5N10Br:Eu2+. Upon excitation by near-UV light, nonsaturated color luminescence from multiple emission centers was observed in the orange (X = Cl) and cyan to amber (X = I) spectral range of the visible spectrum.
[Placental transfer and distribution of betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate in various regions of the brain of pregnant rats and mice (author's transl)]. (1981)

As betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate induces adrenal atrophy in rat dams and adrenal hypertrophy in the fetus, we investigated the placental transfer of this compound using autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting in animals in the late stages of pregnancy. In these two species, 3H-betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate and/or its metabolites transferred across the placental barrier into fetal tissues and were distributed at levels lower than detected in the maternal tissues. The rat fetus showed a high uptake of radioactivity in the adrenal cortex. In pregnant rats, the ratios of the radioactivity in the adrenal cortex. In pregnant rats, the ratios of the radioactivity in brain tissues to the plasma in fetuses were much higher than in the dams after the administration of 3H-betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate or 3H-betamethasone. In the dams given 3H-betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate, the accumulation of radioactivity in the hypothalamus and septum was significantly greater than in other regions. The present study suggests that betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate or its metabolites transferred across the placental barrier following administration to the mother rat may produce an adrenal hypertrophy in the fetus and that accumulation of radioactivity in the hypothalamus of the dam may be related to a suppression of the function of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Testing Targeted Approaches to Enhance Cancer Genetics Network Minority Recruitment within Asian Populations (2008)

Novel recruitment approaches can assist in improving recruitment of Asian populations into cancer genetic research studies.
Disruption of chromosomal locus 1p36 differentially modulates TAp73 and ΔNp73 expression in follicular lymphoma (2014)

The TP73 gene is located at the chromosome 1p36 locus that is commonly disrupted or deleted in follicular lymphoma (FL) with poor prognosis. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of the pro-apoptotic TAp73 and anti-apoptotic ΔNp73 isoforms in cases of FL with normal or abnormal 1p36. We observed a significant increase in ΔNp73 expression and ΔNp73:TAp73 ratio, lower expression of cleaved caspase-3 and a higher frequency of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in cases of FL with abnormal 1p36. A negative correlation between the ΔNp73:TAp73 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and a positive correlation between ΔNp73 expression and Ki-67 or PCNA, were observed. The expression of TAp73 and its pro-apoptotic transcriptional targets BIM. PUMA and NOXA were significantly lower in FL compared to reactive follicular hyperplasia. Together, our data demonstrate that 1p36 disruption is associated with increased ΔNp73 expression, decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation in FL.