gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Lecithin Lipid Cores for Protein Delivery (2006)

Core/shell nanoparticles with lipid core, were prepared and characterized as a sustained delivery system for protein. The lipid core is composed of protein-loaded lecithin and the polymeric shell is composed of Pluronics (poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer, F-127). Based on the preparation method in the previous report by us, the freeze-drying of protein-loaded lecithin was performed in the F-127 aqueous solution containing trehalose used as a cryoprotectant to form stabilized core/shell nanoparticles. Cryo-TEM (transmittance electron microscopy) and a particle size analyzer were used to observe the formation of stabilized core/shell nanoparticles. For the application of core/shell nanoparticles as a protein drug carrier, lysozyme and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were loaded into the core/shell nanoparticles by electrostatic interaction, and the drug release pattern was observed by manipulating the polymeric shell.
Increase of cisplatin sensitivity by c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in a human metastatic melanoma inherently resistant to cisplatin. (1999)

In this study, we evaluated the role of the c-myc oncogene in response to cisplatin (DDP) treatment using two melanoma lines derived from the primary tumor (LP) and metastatic lymph node (LM) of the same patient. These cell lines, which retain the phenotypic profile of the original tumors, were studied for growth behavior, expression of c-Myc oncoprotein, and HLA-I antigen. The LM line shows a higher tumorigenic ability, an increased expression of c-Myc protein, and a lack of HLA-I antigen, compared with the LP line. In addition, LP tumor was relatively sensitive to DDP administration, whereas LM tumor was resistant to DDP treatment. To verify whether the increased c-Myc expression observed in the LM line might be responsible for DDP resistance, a c-myc antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide ([S]ODN) was used to down-regulate c-Myc expression. The administration of DDP plus c-myc antisense [S]ODNs produced a decrease in c-Myc protein levels of approximately 50%, accompanied by a tumor weight inhibition of 65%, similar to that obtained when the sensitive line was treated with DDP alone (tumor weight inhibition = 70%). Analysis of apoptosis demonstrated that the sensitivity to DDP of the LP line was related to the ability of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. Conversely, DDP treatment was not able to induce apoptosis in the LM line, whereas apoptosis was evident both after treatment with c-myc antisense [S]ODNs alone and, more extensively, in combination with DDP. Taken together, these results clearly indicate an important role of c-myc oncogene in the resistance of melanoma to DDP and demonstrate that treatment with c-myc antisense [S]ODN sensitizes a human melanoma line to DDP treatment.
The Impact of Seismic Wavefield and Source Properties on ReMi Estimates (2007)

The Refraction Microtremor (ReMi) method has recently been introduced to estimate the Rayleigh seismic surface wave phase velocity with passive sources. The ReMi method utilizes the p-τ algorithm to estimate wave velocity with a linear array of sensors. Relying on the observation that, in a wavefield with equal energy impinging from all directions, 40.9% of the wave velocity will be within 100 to 125% of the expected phase velocity, ReMi attempts to determine the fundamental mode phase velocity in a passive energy environment with a linear array. This paper will show that, due to material attenuation, multiple modes and varying direction of arrivals, ReMi does not yield reliable results. Using simulated data, the fundamental performance of ReMi in different realistic wavefield environments is studied.
Childhood Trauma Is Nominally Associated With Elevated Cortisol Metabolism in Severe Mental Disorder (2020)

Our study indicates that childhood physical abuse is associated with elevated cortisol metabolism (5β-reductase) in adults with a SZ or BD disorder. However, our study did not support cortisol metabolism as a mediator between childhood trauma experiences and cognitive function within these disorders.
Design and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Logic Gate Tester (2017)

The Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences is an Open Access journal publishing Original research articles, Reviews, Mini reviews, Short communications, Opinions and Letter to editors with high impact. This open access Journal is enthusiastic in the development and dissemination of knowledge concerning Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences: seeks to close the gap between engineering, medicine and scientific, coalesce the design and problem-solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciences which helps in development of sophisticated instruments which are used for the advance health care treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.Biosciences cover the significant developments in the broad field of biology and biological aspects of living organisms. Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences is peer reviewed journal that includes the topics Animal Sciences, Cell Biology and Life Sciences.
A power-gated sensor node microcontroller for security applications (2015)

Wireless sensor nodes play important role in power efficient implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSN). In many WSN applications, the content of monitored data is highly sensitive and must be protected from any type of malicious attacks. The security challenges in WSN are mainly driven by limited power and computing resources of sensor node devices, small memory, unsecure radio channels and susceptibility to physical capture. In many applications, commercially available sensor nodes that are entirely built from commodity-of-the-shelf (COTS) components cannot fully answer to specific requirements for low power and high efficiency. Furthermore, those sensor nodes do not provide enough resources to efficiently process security related tasks that employ advanced cryptographic algorithms. The design of an embedded sensor node microcontroller optimized for fast execution of secure crypto algorithms promises the best compromise between power, performance and security.
A new method to reduce pin-prick pain of intra-muscular and subcutaneous injections. (2005)

Multiple blunt pins pressure on the skin, at the time of intramuscular or subcutaneous injection is able to significantly reduce pin-prick pain. The underlying physiological mechanisms are briefly discussed.
Rapid annealing of Perovskite solar cell thin film materials through intense pulse light. (2021)

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered a great attention due to their rapid efficiency improvement using cheap and solution processable materials that can be adapted for scalable high-speed automated manufacturing. Thin film perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) are typically fabricated in an inert environment, such as nitrogen glovebox, through a set of deposition and annealing steps, each playing a significant role on the power conversion efficiency (PCE), reproducibility, and stability of devices. However, atmospheric processing of PSCs would achieve lucrative commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize materials and methods that enable successful fabrication of efficient PSCs in the ambient environment. The lab scale experiments have been dominated using deposition methods, such as spin-coating or thermal evaporation in vacuum, which are not adaptable for automation; hence, taking advantage of scalable deposition methods, such as inkjet printing, is necessary for automation. Besides deposition, post process annealing is a pivotal aspect which crystallizes the thin film materials and determines the performance and stability of PSCs. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate this step and develop new methods and utilize potential materials vi that are amenable for scalable, high-throughput, and cost-effective automated manufacturing of PSCs. Conventional methods have successfully resulted in efficient labscale PSCs using prolong and high temperature annealing; however, industrialization requires rapid annealing methods that allow for scalable, high-speed, and cost-effective manufacturing of efficient PSCs in the ambient environment. Intense pulse light is a rapid annealing method (IPL) that allows for the lucrative, scalable, and high throughput atmospheric processing of PSCs; thus, it is necessary to study the photothermal impact on the morphology and phase evolution of the thin film materials and develop ambient processable precursors that yield efficient perovskite modules. IPL exerts intermittent millisecond(s) duration flashes carrying energetic photons to anneal the material, and the parameters of flash energy, duration, count, and interval time between flashes determine the annealing extent and affect the PV performance of PSCs. This dissertation investigates the impact of these parameters on the morphology, phase change, and conductivity of the potential PSC thin films using various material characterization techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), impedance spectroscopy (IS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis, as well as voltammetry, by introducing a novel additive and annealing approaches which allow for rapid fabrication of PSCs, and is applicable for rapid, cost-effective, and scalable automated fabrication of PSCs.
156 Factors influencing recurrence in patients undergoing laparoscopic treatment for apparent early stage cervical cancer (2019)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate oncological outcomes and predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing laparoscopic treatment for apparent early stage cervical cancer (CC). <h3>Methods</h3> A single-centre retrospective study was conducted among patients who had radical surgery for FIGO stage (2009) IA (positive LVSI) – IB1 at Women’s and Children Hospital of Varese (Italy) between January 2006 and December 2018. Radical hysterectomy (Querleu and Morrow B-C1 Classification) with or without lymph node dissection according with tumour characteristics. Surgical and oncological outcomes were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> Among 90 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 12 (13.3%) had recurrent disease (6 vault, 6 pelvis, 3 abdominal, 2 distant, 1 other), and 6 (6.7%) died of disease over the follow-up period (median follow-up 38.2 months). Surgical-related outcomes did not influence survival. Stage of disease has been found to be the main predictor of recurrence (p=0.03), while no association between positive lymph node and relapse was detected. Patients who had preoperative biopsy had a significant higher rate of recurrence in comparison to those undergoing conization (83.33% vs 16.67%, p=0.01). After stratification by tumour size, patients with stage IB1 CC undergoing preoperative conization had 0.37 relative risk of recurrence compared to those undergoing cervical biopsy (16.67% vs 38.89%, p=0.14). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Preoperative conization might play a crucial role for patients undergoing laparoscopic treatment for early stage CC. Further studies are warranted to confirm our finding.
Chronic Iliac Vein Occlusion and Painful Nonhealing Ulcer Induced by High Venous Pressures from an Arteriovenous Malformation (2011)

Chronic femoral vein compression (May-Thurner Syndrome) is a known rare cause of deep venous thrombosis. Subsequent angiogenesis and the development of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the setting of chronic venous thrombosis is by itself a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. We report a case in which elevated venous pressures resulting from such compression appear to have resulted in the development of a pelvic arteriovenous malformation, which was further complicated by chronic, nonhealing painful lower extremity ulcers, and the development of extensive subcutaneous venous collaterals. Following successful embolization of the pelvic AVM and ablation of veins under the ulcers with laser and sclerotherapy, the patient's ulcers healed and she became pain-free.
AN INTRODUCTION TO LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS AND THEIR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS (1995)

Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are fractions of standard heparin (SH) with an average molecular weight of 4000--5000 daltons. They have the ability to inhibit the activity of factor Xa in the coagulation cascade but are unable to significantly change the activity of thrombin (factor IIa). Therefore, LMWHs have antithrombotic properties, but they do not prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). In contrast to SH, the pharmacokinetic profiles of LMWHs are different. LMWHs exhibit minimal binding with plasma proteins, endothelial cells and platelet factor IV, a longer half-life, and linear elimination. Due to these properties, the clinical response is more predictable than that seen with SH. In addition, monitoring of clotting factors and subsequent dosage adjustment are not necessary to ensure efficacy when using a LMWH. These agents may have a decreased risk of thrombocytopenia and bleeding. LMWHs have been used in the initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and have been found to be safe and efficacious. When compared to SH, the LMWHs studied have been more effective in improving venographic scores and short-term treatment, but further evaluation is needed to determine if a benefit exists in preventing recurrent DVT.
Travel times as a basic part of the LISB guidance strategy (1990)

The Berlin LISB Guidance and Information system is an individual, dynamic guidance system for motorised vehicles. LISB works in accordance with the principle of central route searching. Within a cycle of a few minutes, a computer in the traffic control centre of the road transport authorities calculates and offers the quickest routes for any given O-D relation in the entire urban area. The vehicle transmits to the beacon the travel and queueing times which it has gained from the network since it passed the last beacon; it then receives information about the quickest route to all surrounding beacons as well as the allocation of these routes to the destination coordinates. Thus, the navigation device can select the links by which the vehicle finds its destination. Over the day, travel times vary with the traffic volumes on the links of the network. Therefore a recommendation of quickest routes must not be static. The authors consider the role of travel time prediction and the methods for measuring times for the guidance system.
Complement fragment C5a and inflammatory cytokines in neutrophil recruitment during intramammary infection with Escherichia coli (1997)

Generation of inflammatory mediators and leukocyte recruitment to infection at an epithelial surface were studied during Escherichia coli-induced mastitis. One uninfected gland of each of eight midlactation cows was challenged with only 30 CFU of E. coli McDonald strain 487, a serum-resistant isolate from a cow with mastitis. Bacteria grew logarithmically during the first 10 to 12 h after challenge, reaching concentrations of more than 10(5) CFU/ml with no detectable host response during this time. An intense inflammatory reaction began approximately 12 h after the challenge and was characterized by a breakdown in the blood-milk permeability barrier followed by pyrexia and a pronounced leukocytic influx. Coincident with the onset of mammary inflammation was the appearance of neutrophil chemotactic activity in the milk from infected glands. Factors able to upregulate CD18 expression on peripheral blood neutrophils also appeared in milk at this time. The lack of appearance of chemotactic and CD18-upregulating activities until 12 h after challenge indicated that delays in neutrophil recruitment resulted from an initial lack of bacterial recognition and inflammatory mediator production. Production of complement fragment C5a, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) occurred earlier than production of IL-6 or IL-8. The early and intense production of C5a indicates that this chemoattractant may be more important than IL-8 during the initial recruitment and activation of neutrophils to a developing E. coli infection.
Approach to Meet an Overall Transient Performance Criterion of a PEM Fuel Cell System (2003)

Fuel Cells have been intensely researched and developed in the recent decade, where especially the fuel cell MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) and stack have been the main focus. Now the system control components surrounding the fuel cell have been given more attention. This paper gives a novel system approach of setting up the demands for control components such as valve actuators for a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell system in order to meet an overall transient system performance criterion. Overall control considerations are treated, and the major time constants of the sub-systems are analyzed. The result is a method for specifying dynamic performance criteria for the individual control components. By proper selection of the components it can be shown that the electric load buffer may be omitted due to the internal capacitance of the fuel cell. Test results from a 2.5 kW PEM fuel cell test facility show close agreement with simulation results from the novel system approach.
Pregnancy-associated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Single Institution's Experience (2010)

Abstract Abstract 4675 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, life-threatening form of microangiopathic hemolysis that can be associated with pregnancy. Although the association between TTP and pregnancy is well recognized, the presentation, natural history, and ideal treatment of TTP in this population remain poorly understood. St. Michael's Hospital is a regional referral centre for TTP in Ontario, Canada. We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of TTP referred to our pheresis unit between July 1993 and May 2010. Ninety-four cases were identified, of these, ten patients were pregnant or up to one week post-partum at the time of TTP diagnosis. Median age at presentation was 34 (29-36). Only one patient had been previously diagnosed with TTP and then developed a TTP relapse while pregnant. At presentation, all patients had thrombocytopenia (platelets: &lt; 3 to 124 × 106/ml), anemia (hemoglobin: 60 to 99 mg/L), elevated LDH (1.3 to 12.5 × ULN), and fragmentation on blood film. ADAMTS13 was assessed in six of ten patients. It was normal in four patients, and deficient in two patients. Seven patients had neurological symptoms at presentation, one of whom suffered permanent right sided paralysis. Six patients had depressed glomerular filtration ratio (GFR) at presentation, four of these six recovered normal GFR. Hypertension was present in only one patient, and no patients had abnormal coagulation parameters at presentation. ALT was normal in six patients, mildly elevated in two patients, and unavailable in two patients. There were no patient deaths in this series. Patients were treated with a median of 17 plasma exchanges (range: 9 to 55) using either fresh frozen plasma or cryosupernatant. Eight patients achieved complete remission with plasma exchange. Two patients had refractory disease which ultimately responded to splenectomy and rituximab respectively. There were two fetal deaths, one a first trimester miscarriage, and the second an intrauterine death in the second trimester. In conclusion, in our series of pregnancy associated-TTP, there were no maternal deaths and most women responded to a short course of plasma exchange. ADAMTS13 deficiency was uncommon in our series. Nonetheless, in our series, TTP was not difficult to distinguish from preeclampsia and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation using routine laboratory parameters. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
<title>Optimization of multichip white solid state lighting source with four or more LEDs</title> (2001)

Polychromatic solid-state lamps that produce white light by additive mixing of the emissions from primary colored light emitting diodes (LEDs) should have a higher luminous efficiency that those using phosphors. These lamps require emission spectra that feature an optimal trade-off between luminous efficacy and color rendering. We developed a mathematical technique that allows us to maximize the luminous efficacy and general color rendering index (CRI) for the white solid-state lamp composed of an arbitrary number of primary LEDs with given spectra. We use this method in order to compare the optimal efficacy and general CRI for 4 and 5 primary LEDs with that for 2 and 3 LEDs. For a particular color temperature, the required number of primary LEDs depends on the trade-off between efficacy and general CRI. The quadrichromatic lamp is shown to meet requirements for most practical applications. Quintichromatic lamps and lamps with a higher number of primary LEDs yield negligible benefit in improving color rendering. However, quintichromatic LED lamps are capable of producing quasi-continuous spectra that might meet special lighting needs.
Towards benchmarking of real-world stereo data (2010)

The paper proposes the prediction of stereo matching performance based on analyzing the given stereo data (and not based on test runs of stereo matching algorithms). For justifying our approach we compare results obtained by prediction error analysis (for different stereo matching algorithms) with three different data evaluation techniques: a count of SIFT matches, a mismatch count between census transform features, and the quality of dense optical flow fields based on a total-variation energy minimization. The paper shows that there are reasonable indications that such measures, quantifying matches of features or image regions, correlate with stereo performance to some degree. This study on data evaluation is initiating a new direction of research, and it concludes with the suggestion of studying further measures or more data for the ultimate goal of supporting an adaptive optimization or selection of stereo matching techniques with respect to given image data.
X-ray Crystal Structure of the Acylated β-Lactam Sensor Domain of BlaR1 from Staphylococcus aureus and the Mechanism of Receptor Activation for Signal Transduction (2004)

Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are the major cause of infections worldwide. Transcription of the beta-lactamase and PBP2a resistance genes is mediated by two closely related signal-transducing integral membrane proteins, BlaR1 and MecR1, upon binding of the beta-lactam inducer to the sensor domain. Herein we report the crystal structure at 1.75 A resolution of the sensor domain of BlaR1 in complex with a cephalosporin antibiotic. Activation of the signal transducer involves acylation of serine 389 by the beta-lactam antibiotic, a process promoted by the N-carboxylated side chain of Lys392. We present evidence that, on acylation, the lysine side chain experiences a spontaneous decarboxylation that entraps the sensor in its activated state. Kinetic determinations and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations and the interaction networks in the crystal structure shed light on how this unprecedented process for activation of a receptor may be achieved and provide insights into the mechanistic features that differentiate the signal-transducing receptor from the structurally related class D beta-lactamases, enzymes of antibiotic resistance.