gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro investigation of aortic valve annuloplasty using prosthetic ring devices (2011)

The reconstruction of a dilatated aortic valve annulus using external and internal ring devices is feasible and effective for reduction of regurgitation at which the internal ring provides a greater potential to decrease valve insufficiency.
The use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced adult soft-tissue sarcomas: early results from the EORTC Soft-Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. (1993)

We gave the "optimal" dose of doxorubicin (75 mg/m2) with ifosfamide (5 g/m2), the two most active agents against metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas, in an attempt to determine the feasibility of administration of these doses in combination. To offset complications arising from the myelosuppression associated with this regimen, recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF, 250 micrograms/m2 daily) was given by subcutaneous injection during the intervals between courses of chemotherapy. In all, 111 patients with progressive metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma were entered, 104 of whom were eligible for preliminary analysis. Use of rhGM-CSF allowed full doses of chemotherapy to be given to the majority of patients, although cumulative thrombocytopenia became a dose-limiting toxicity during subsequent courses. Two treatment-related deaths occurred, one from presumed septicemia while the patient was at home and one as a result of cardiac failure. An overall response rate of 45% was achieved. The activity of this high-dose combination (with rhGM-CSF) will be compared with that of standard treatment doses in a future phase III randomized trial.
Detailed surface and gas-phase chemical kinetics of diamond deposition (1991)

A chemical kinetic model is developed that includes detailed descriptions of both gas-phase and surface processes occurring in gas-activated deposition of diamond films on diamond (111) surface. The model was tested by simulating diamond film deposition in a hot-filament reactor using methane-hydrogen, methane-argon, and methane-oxygen-hydrogen gas mixtures. The gas-phase part of the model includes transport phenomena and predicts correctly the measured concentrations of major gaseous species. The surface part of the model reproduces the general experimental trends--the effects of temperature, pressure, initial methane concentration, and the addition of oxygen--for the growth rate and film quality. Analysis of the computational results revealed the factors controlling the growth phenomena. Among several reaction pathways describing deposition of diamond initiated by different gaseous species, including ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$ and several ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathit{x}}$ species, the H-abstraction--${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-addition mechanism appears to dominate. The key role of hydrogen and oxygen is identified to be the suppression of the formation of aromatic species in the gas phase, which prevents their condensation on the deposition surface. Activation of the growing surface by H atoms and gasification of ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ carbon by OH radicals are other important factors. The developed model does not support the theory of preferential etching by H atoms advanced to explain the kinetic competition between diamond and nondiamond phases. Instead, it establishes the critical role of aromatics condensation and interconversion of ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ and ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ carbon phases mediated by hydrogen atoms.
Blind Super-Resolution Kernel Estimation using an Internal-GAN (2019)

Super resolution (SR) methods typically assume that the low-resolution (LR) image was downscaled from the unknown high-resolution (HR) image by a fixed 'ideal' downscaling kernel (e.g. Bicubic downscaling). However, this is rarely the case in real LR images, in contrast to synthetically generated SR datasets. When the assumed downscaling kernel deviates from the true one, the performance of SR methods significantly deteriorates. This gave rise to Blind-SR - namely, SR when the downscaling kernel ("SR-kernel") is unknown. It was further shown that the true SR-kernel is the one that maximizes the recurrence of patches across scales of the LR image. In this paper we show how this powerful cross-scale recurrence property can be realized using Deep Internal Learning. We introduce "KernelGAN", an image-specific Internal-GAN, which trains solely on the LR test image at test time, and learns its internal distribution of patches. Its Generator is trained to produce a downscaled version of the LR test image, such that its Discriminator cannot distinguish between the patch distribution of the downscaled image, and the patch distribution of the original LR image. The Generator, once trained, constitutes the downscaling operation with the correct image-specific SR-kernel. KernelGAN is fully unsupervised, requires no training data other than the input image itself, and leads to state-of-the-art results in Blind-SR when plugged into existing SR algorithms.
<title>Microtechnology for instrumentation</title> (1998)

For the last two decades, the majority of research and development at LLNL in microtechnology has focused on photonics devices and bulk micromachining, including micro- electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and associated areas. For the last ten years, we have used these capabilities to address our analytical instrumentation needs. Just as the integrated circuits in the 1960's enabled the fabrication of portable electronics, MEMS and miniature photonics have enabled the fabrication of analytical instruments that are either higher performance, smaller, more portable, or are combinations of these. Examples of these are our portable thermal cyclers for DNA analysis, our hand-held gas chromatography, our flow-stream-waveguide-based flow cytometer, and our etched-microchannel electrophoresis systems. This presentation will describe these and some related developments.
Comprehensive characterization of complex glycosphingolipids in human pancreatic cancer tissues (2023)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 90% of primary pancreatic tumors with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. PDAC exhibits aggressive biology, which, together with late detection, results in most PDAC patients presenting with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease. In-depth lipid profiling and screening of potential biomarkers currently appear to be a promising approach for early detection of PDAC or other cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized complex glycosphingolipids (GSL) from normal and tumor pancreatic tissues of patients with PDAC using a combination of TLC, chemical staining, carbohydrate-recognized ligand-binding assay, and LC/ESI-MS<sup>2</sup>. The major neutral GSL identified were GSL with the terminal blood groups A, B, H, Le<sup>a</sup>, Le<sup>b</sup>, Le<sup>x</sup>, Le<sup>y</sup>, P1, and PX2 determinants together with globo- (Gb<sub>3</sub> and Gb<sub>4</sub>) and neolacto-series GSL (nLc<sub>4</sub> and nLc<sub>6</sub>). We also revealed that the neutral GSL profiles and their relative amounts differ between normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, the normal and tumor pancreatic tissues differ in type 1/2 core chains. Sulfatides and GM<sub>3</sub> gangliosides were the predominant acidic GSL along with the minor sialyl-nLc<sub>4</sub>/nLc<sub>6</sub> and sialyl-Le<sup>a</sup>/Le<sup>x</sup>. The comprehensive analysis of GSL in human PDAC tissues extends the GSL coverage and provides an important platform for further studies of GSL alterations; therefore, it could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
Cleaning the Lower Jones Falls Interceptor in Baltimore, Maryland (2011)

Cleaning the Lower Jones Falls Interceptor in Baltimore, MarylandCleaning large diameter sewer interceptors in urban areas is a challenging undertaking for any municipality. The Lower Jones Falls Interceptor traverses a densely developed urban area, including 3,500 feet adjacent to and through Penn Station, close to active railroad tracks and under a multi-story parking garage. Through good planning and close coordination with rail authorities, Baltimore...Author(s)Timothy WolfeWazir QadriMichael SevenerSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 88: Making the Most of Your Existing Collection System: Part 1Document typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:10L.5750;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802766371Volume / Issue2011 / 10Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)5750 - 5762Copyright2011Word count112Subject keywordsSewer cleaningsewer maintenancesanitary sewer overflowconsent decree
Decomposition Reaction of Tosylhydrazones of Steroidal 2α, 5α-Epoxy-3-ketones with Base (1971)

Decomposition reaction of 2α, 5-epoxy-5α-cholestan-3-one tosylhydrazone (1b) and the 17β-acetoxyandrostane analogue (1d) with lithium hydride in toluene or xylene yielded the corresponding 1β, 3β-cyclo-2α, 5α-epoxy derivatives (2a and 2h) comprising a 3-Oxatricyclo [2.2.1.02, 6] heptane system. The structure of 2a, assumed from its spectral properties, was evidenced by the results of its catalytic hydrogenation providing the reductive cleavage products of the C1-C3 and the C2-C3 bond.
Clinical investigation on gastric oxalate absorption. (2003)

The stomach is a powerful oxalate absorption organ under normal physiological conditions. Further investigation on the relationship between stomach dysfunction and urinary calcium oxalate formation is needed.
A Straightforward Synthesis of Benzofuran- and Indole-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles via Click Chemistry (2009)

A convenient synthesis of benzofuran- and indole-substituted&#13;\n1,2,3-triazoles has been devised starting from easily available&#13;\n2-silylalkynyl-substituted benzofuran and indole derivatives.
Nodal Involvement by Cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell Lymphoma Mimicking Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (2012)

An association between classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and mycosis fungoides (MF) or lymphomatoid papulosis has been reported in the literature. However, there can be considerable morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap between cHL and nodal involvement by CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30-T-LPD). To examine this potential association, biopsies from patients with a history of MF or primary cutaneous CD30-T-LPD and lymph node biopsies reported as either CD30-positive T-cell lymphoma (TCL) with Hodgkin-like cells or cHL were retrieved from the authors' institution. Of 11 cases identified, 10 were considered CD30-positive TCL with Hodgkin-like cells, whereas 1 was confirmed as cHL upon review. Five cases originally diagnosed as cHL were revised as CD30-positive TCL. Cases of CD30-positive TCL with Hodgkin-like cells showed a male predominance (M:F, 4:1) with a median age of 53 years (range, 44 to 72 y). Nearly all patients (9/10) initially presented with skin lesions. In 7/10 patients the draining lymph node was involved, whereas in 3 cases this could not be confirmed. Tumor cells morphologically resembled Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells; they were uniformly strongly positive for CD30, and CD15 was expressed in 9/10 (90%) cases. A T-cell derivation was confirmed by T-cell antigen expression (7/10) and clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes (9/10). In 3 cases a common T-cell clone was identified in skin and lymph node. B-cell markers (CD20/PAX5) were consistently negative. In 1 case the diagnosis of cHL followed by lymphomatoid papulosis was confirmed, with Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells expressing PAX5, CD30, and CD15. In situ hybridization studies for Epstein Barr virus were negative. We show that cHL is less often associated with MF and primary cutaneous CD30-T-LPD than previously thought and that the coexpression of CD30 and CD15 in these TCLs may lead to a mistaken diagnosis of cHL.
Mobile Payments with Instant Settlements (2014)

Mobile payments have been evolving over a decade and proliferation is largely for contact less wallet services. Most such services are closed loop payment services provided by specific service providers. These services have the advantage of instant settlements for their subscribers. However, a few such providers in the market could again lead to the classic Master-Visa market dominance. This paper proposes interoperability between wallet providers. Such wallet services serve a niche need for retail payments and specifically low value payments. The intention of providing interoperability between such providers is to fulfill the need for instant settlements for low value payments. This could potentially target cash payments which require instant settlements. In this paper, the scenarios are illustrated, a service architecture is defined and a service description is proposed.
Novel oral fast-disintegrating drug delivery devices with predefined inner structure fabricated by Three-Dimensional Printing (2009)

Three-Dimensional Printing offers strategies for the development of novel oral fast-disintegrating drug delivery devices.
Viruses Previously Identified in Brazil as Belonging to HIV-1 CRF72_BF1 Represent Two Closely Related Circulating Recombinant Forms, One of Which, Designated CRF122_BF1, Is Also Circulating in Spain (2022)

Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Those derived from recombination between subtype B and subsubtype F1, with 18 reported, most of them of South American origin, are among the most diverse. In this study, we identified a HIV-1 BF1 recombinant cluster that is expanding in Spain, transmitted mainly <i>via</i> heterosexual contact, which, analyzed in near full-length genomes in four viruses, exhibited a coincident BF1 mosaic structure, with 12 breakpoints, that fully coincided with that of two viruses (10BR_MG003 and 10BR_MG005) from Brazil, previously classified as CRF72_BF1. The three remaining Brazilian viruses (10BR_MG002, 10BR_MG004, and 10BR_MG008) previously identified as CRF72_BF1 exhibited mosaic structures highly similar, but not identical, to that of the Spanish viruses and to 10BR_MG003 and 10BR_MG005, with discrepant subtypes in two short genome segments, located in <i>pol</i> and gp120<sup>env</sup>. Based on these results, we propose that the five viruses from Brazil previously identified as CRF72_BF1 actually belong to two closely related CRFs, one comprising 10BR_MG002, 10BR_MG004, and 10BR_MG008, which keep their CRF72_BF1 designation, and the other, designated CRF122_BF1, comprising 10BR_MG003, 10BR_MG005, and the viruses of the identified Spanish cluster. Three other BF1 recombinant genomes, two from Brazil and one from Italy, previously identified as unique recombinant forms, were classified as CRF72_BF1. CRF122_BF1, but not CRF72_BF1, was associated with protease L89M substitution, which was reported to contribute to antiretroviral drug resistance. Phylodynamic analyses estimate the emergence of CRF122_BF1 in Brazil around 1987. Given their close phylogenetic relationship and similar structures, the grouping of CRF72_BF1 and CRF122_BF1 in a CRF family is proposed.
Profiles of extracellular amino acid changes in focal cerebral ischaemia: Effects of mild hypothermia (1993)

Mild hypothermia has been recently proposed as a therapeutic approach for ameliorating ischaemic cerebral damage. The protective potential of mild hypothermia, however, may be dependent on its ability to reduce the efflux of potentially excitotoxic amino acids and the severity of ischaemia. In this study, we examined the effects of mild brain hypothermia (33 degrees C) in a rabbit model of permanent focal ischaemia. In vivo microdialysis was used to measure extracellular amino acids in central and peripheral regions of the ischaemic cortex. In normothermic ischaemia (n = 7), glutamate, alanine, taurine, and phosphoethanolamine increased above baseline levels by about 2 h post-ischaemia. Mild hypothermia (n = 7) reduced glutamate efflux only in the central regions and increased alanine efflux in the peripheral regions of ischaemia. There were no significant differences in other amino acid levels between the two temperature groups. Haematoxylin-eosin histology did not demonstrate hypothermic protection in the ischaemic hemisphere. The lack of neuroprotection in this study may correspond with the sustained release of glutamate in the peripheral regions of ischaemia even with lowered brain temperature. These results suggest that hypothermic reduction of excitotoxic perturbations may be more important in the ischaemic periphery than the core.
Conformational Sensitivity of Chiroptical Spectroscopic Methods: 6,6′-Dibromo-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (2009)

The experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectra for both enantiomers of 6,6'-dibromo-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol have been measured. The corresponding quantum chemical predictions for three different orientations of hydroxyl groups in this molecule were obtained using 6-31G*, 6-311G(2d,2p) and 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis sets and the B3LYP density functional. The absolute configuration inferred by comparing the predicted spectra with experimental data is the same in VCD, ECD, and ORD methods, but spectral sensitivity to conformation varies among these methods. It is found that predicted ECD in the 200-350 nm region does not change significantly for the three conformers. As a result, the sensitivity of ECD to the conformation of hydroxyl groups in 6,6'-dibromo-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol is rather limited. Similarly, a comparison between experimental and predicted ORD spectra indicated that ORD spectral prediction is not the best method of choice for discrimination among different conformations of O-H groups. On the other hand, the predicted VCD, and associated absorption, spectral patterns in the 1600-900 cm(-1) region are found to change significantly for the three conformations, and the experimental spectra correlate well with those predicted for only one conformation. These observations suggest that, among the three chiroptical spectroscopic methods investigated, VCD provides better sensitivity to the conformation of hydroxyl groups. The use of PCM model for exploring the influence of CH(2)Cl(2) solvent on vibrational spectra indicated that this model is not appropriate for modeling the CH(2)Cl(2) solvent influence on the vibrational absorption and VCD spectra of 6,6'-dibromo-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol.
UDORN: A design framework of persistent in-memory key-value database for NVM (2017)

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies provide opportunities to improve the performance of key-value databases (KVDBs) by deploying database on NVM. However, existing in-memory KVDBs cannot fully exploit the advantages of NVM. They process data on in-memory database and store an image on persistent storage via an underlying file system. The performance of database operations is degraded by the backup mechanisms and involved I/O routines. In this paper, we propose a new design framework of in-memory KVDB called Unified Database on Raw NVM (UDORN). In UDORN, a persistent database on NVM is employed to accomplish the functions of both conventional in-memory database and persistent image. During runtime, the persistent database is mapped to process address space. The operations are directly performed on NVM via the corresponding address space. We implement a case study of UDORN based on open-source in memory KVDB Redis. Compared with original Redis, UDORN achieves more than 1400 times and 84% performance improvement when Redis deploys backup image on HDD and memory, respectively. Compared with the enhanced Redis using the NVM Library, UDORN also achieves 6 times performance improvement.
Spatial information and coding theory (1989)

Bar code systems, magnetic storage on tape or disc and CD ROMs are each means of recording information on the surface of a substrate with binary recording polarities. Each of these systems can be viewed as constituting a spatial channel. Because of the differences on working environment many of the theoretical results used to study closed systems such as magnetic/optical systems cannot be transferred to open systems such as bar code systems. In this thesis we present a theoretical framework for the analysis of open spatial channels. We introduce a general channel model which is able to unify the analysis of a number of spatial recording systems. While our primary concern is applying this model to open systems, the model is relevant to the analysis of closed systems as well. In the new theory we discuss the topic of error detection/correction by introducing a new error distance, called the diagonal distance. Since the field spanned by the diagonal distance is not a Galois field, a new method is introduced for studying the properties of this new coding space. In coding theory the design problem is usually posed in the form of finding the highest density codes for a given undetectable error tolerance. We give equations for solving this optimum design problem. At the end of the thesis, we discuss a particular example of two-dimensional bar code design. This section demonstrates how the concepts and tools introduced in the thesis may be applied.
Untersuchung des Bildungsmechanismus des Stannans aus SnCl4 und LiAlH4 mit Hilfe des Mössbauer‐Effekts (1966)

Abstract Mit Hilfe des M ÖSSBAUER ‐Effekts wurde der Reaktionsmechanisms zwischen SnCl 4 und LiAlH 4 in saurem Medium untersucht. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Bildung des von W IBERG und B AUER vermuteten Zwischenprodukts, Zinnaluminiumhydrid Sn(AlH 4 ) 4 , durch dessen Zersetzung Stannan entsteht. Ob sich auch Zinn(II)‐alanat, Sn(AlH 4 ) 2 , bildet, läßt sich auf Grund der Isomerieverschiebung nicht feststellen. Es wurden die Temperaturen, bei denen die Veränderungen im Reaktionsgemisch eintreten, ermittelt.
New scheme of phase matching for four wave mixing laser spectroscopy of C/sub 2/ molecules in acetylene-oxygen flame (2004)

A weak resonant probe and two strong off-resonant pump beams are aligned in a new scheme of phase matching to generate third order nonlinear optical signal for application in laser spectroscopy. The electronic swan band spectrum of C/sub 2/ molecules is obtained in acetylene-oxygen flame, and the signal behavior is investigated as a function of input pump intensity.
Recent Advances in Stretchable and Wearable Capacitive Electrophysiological Sensors for Long-Term Health Monitoring (2022)

Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.