gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology and Properties of Soy Protein and Polylactide Blends (2006)

Blends of soy protein (SP) and a semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The melt rheology, phase morphology, mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated on specimens prepared by injection molding of these blends. The melt flowability of soy-based plastics was improved through blending with PLA. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a co-continuous phase structure existed in the blends with soy protein concentrate (SPC) to PLA ratios ranging from 30:70 to 70:30. SPC/PLA blends showed fine co-continuous phase structures, while soy protein isolate (SPI)/PLA blends presented severe phase coarsening. At the same SP to PLA ratios, SPC/PLA blends demonstrated a higher tensile strength than SPI/PLA blends. The water absorption of soy plastics was greatly reduced by blending with PLA. The compatibility was improved by adding 1-5 phr poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) in the blends, and the resulting blends showed an obvious increase in tensile strength and a reduction in water absorption for SPI/PLA blends. The compatibility between SP and PLA was evaluated by mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water absorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that PLA in the blends was mostly amorphous in the injection molded articles, and SP accelerated the cold crystallization and could increase the final crystallinity of PLA in the blends.
Quarks unleashed at low energy (1999)

Quarks – the tiny building blocks that make up protons, neutrons and other hadrons – are normally locked deep inside larger nuclear particles. But a new state of matter made up of freely moving quarks and gluons, known as the "quark-gluon plasma", is thought to have existed just moments after the big bang. Experiments at several accelerator laboratories around the world are attempting to recreate that moment by colliding large atomic nuclei with each other at velocities close to the speed of light. The nuclear matter that is created from the different types of collision and at different energies allows theorists to test their predictions against experimental data.
Notes (1943)

H. J. Barber, A. Schönberg and A. Mustafa, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 79 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000079
Biostability, durability and calcification of cryopreserved human pericardium after rapid glutaraldehyde-stabilization versus multistep ADAPT(R) treatment in a subcutaneous rat model (2014)

Improved biostability and durability with reduced calcification of tissues after the multistep ADAPT(®) tissue treatment suggest improved alternative substitutes to autologous pericardium.
Opportunities and challenges of parallelizing speech recognition (2010)

Automatic speech recognition enables a wide range of current and emerging applications such as automatic transcription, multimedia content analysis, and natural human-computer interfaces. This article provides a glimpse of the opportunities and challenges that parallelism provides for automatic speech recognition and related application research from the point of view of speech researchers. The increasing parallelism in computing platforms opens three major possibilities for speech recognition systems: improving recognition accuracy in non-ideal, everyday noisy environments; increasing recognition throughput in batch processing of speech data; and reducing recognition latency in realtime usage scenarios. We describe technical challenges, approaches we’ve taken, and possible directions for future research to guide the design of efficient parallel software and hardware infrastructures. 1
Regulation of complement C3 and C4 synthesis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells by peritoneal dialysis fluid (2004)

Although complement is activated in the peritoneal cavity during chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD), little is known about its role in peritoneal defence and injury related to long-term PD. We examined the impact of glucose and commercial peritoneal dialysis solutions on complement expression in HPMCs obtained by primary culture from omental tissues of consented patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Constitutive expression of C3 and C4 mRNA in HPMCs was up-regulated upon exposure to 75 mm glucose in a time-dependent manner. C3 and C4 protein was secreted in both apical and basolateral directions. Glucose doses beyond 100 mm markedly down-regulated C3 and C4 expression, and stimulated LDH release dose-dependently. Such cytotoxic effects were attenuated using equivalent doses of mannitol instead of glucose. Treatment with conventional lactate-buffered dialysis solution gave rise to down-regulation of C3 and C4 expression, and heightened LDH release in HPMCs. These effects correlated with the glucose strength of the solution, persisted despite replacement with a bicarbonate-buffered solution, aggravated by glycated albumin, and were partially abrogated by supplementation with 10% fetal bovine serum in the culture system. Our findings suggest that the artificial conditions imposed by PD lead to alterations in local complement synthesis that have implications for the role of the peritoneal mesothelium in both inflammation and defence.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (2009)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a transient, prothrombotic, immune-mediated complication of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or any of the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prepa­rations that can result in venous or arterial thrombosis, amputation or death. It classically develops within 5–14 days of administration of either agent, although it may occur more rapidly if there has been recent exposure; or delayed days to weeks after either preparation has been discontinued. Thrombocytopenia, once considered necessary for the diagnosis is no longer essential, whereas a 50% reduction from the patients baseline count is considered a more specific finding. Immediate cessation of UFH or LMWH is recommended once the diagnosis is suspected, and therapy initiated with a non-heparin anticoagulant to prevent and/or treat the potentially devastating complications.
Integration of ultra-shallow junctions in sub-0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS transistors : what kind of process for a "safe" advanced technology? (2001)

Facing the difficulty to reach the International Technology Roadmap (ITRS) in junction technology with the conventional approach numerous alternative doping processes have been recently developed to fabricate very-well activated and shallow p/sup +//n junctions. Taking into account that such processes present many challenges to solve for their integration, we choose to re-examine, in this paper, the ITRS targets. We show that the series resistance requirements can be achieved with the usual processes (ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing) for the 100 nm node. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ITRS process window can be enlarged toward shallower junctions with relaxed sheet resistance. For sub-100 nm technologies, we identify the integration process issues for the usual doping processes. Tied with the anomalous diffusion of the implanted boron profile tail during the spacer deposition in one hand, with the coupled diffusion due to the source/drain implants in the other hand, we propose the Plasma Doping (PLAD) technique as a solution to resolve these issues. The viability of our strategy is demonstrated by fabricating very-well controlled 60 nm pMOSFETs with PLAD in a standard architecture.
Nasal Secretion Analysis in Allergic Rhinitis, Cystic Fibrosis, and Nonallergic Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Subjects (1998)

Rhinitis symptoms are present in approximately 70% of subjects with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (FM/CFS). Because only 35% to 50% have positive allergy skin tests, nonallergic mechanisms may also play a role. To better understand the mechanisms of nonallergic rhinitis in FM/CFS, nasal lavages were performed, and markers of vascular permeability, glandular secretion, and neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration measured in 27 nonallergic FM/CFS, 7 allergic rhinitis, 7 cystic fibrosis, and 9 normal subjects. Allergic rhinitis subjects had significantly increased vascular permeability (IgG) and ECP levels. Cystic fibrosis subjects had significantly higher elastase and total protein levels. There were no significant differences between FM/CFS and normal lavage fluids. Analysis of the constituents of nasal mucus provides information about ongoing secretory processes in rhinitis. There were no differences in the basal secretion of these markers of vascular permeability, submucosal gland serous cell secretion, eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation in nonallergic FM/CFS subjects. This suggests that constitutively active secretory processes that regulate continuous production of nasal secretions are not altered in FM/CFS. Future studies should examine alternative mechanisms such as inducible, irritant-activated, or reflex-mediated effects.
GPS-Based Wastewater Tracking System for Commercial Swine Production Facilities (2003)

The objectives of the project were to develop a system capable of tracking a traveling gunspray system using a DGPS unit and to determine its effectiveness. The GPS Wastewater TrackingSystem (GWTS) consisted of a roving unit that received DGPS signals and relayed them to astationary decision center. Preliminary experimentation showed that the stationary unit could reliablyrelate the position of the rover to decision criteria to generate control output. Next, the usefulness ofthe system in locating thresholds between different management zones was investigated using abattery of 1-dimensional tests in which the rover was allowed to find pre-positioned lines ofdelineation. It was found that 95% of the observed discrepancy between the actual the position ofthe rover and the line the rover reported to have detected were less than 1.31 meters with satellite-based differential correction and less than 3.40 meters uncorrected. It was concluded that a systemof this type would be more than adequate for tracking a slow-moving traveling gun usinginexpensive, non-corrected, GPS units.
New Approach To Develop Dynamic Gray Box Model for a Plasticating Twin-Screw Extruder (2009)

The dynamic behaviors of the process variables of a twin screw extruder (TSE) have inherent nonlinearity and time delay. Thus, it is important to develop a process model and furthermore to design controllers based on that model for stable operation. A new approach is explained in this work to develop dynamic gray box models to predict the responses of the process output variables due to change in the screw speed (N) for a plasticating TSE. This approach comprises the selection of controlled variables and the development of gray box models relating the selected controlled variables and N. The selection of variables was based on both the steady-state correlation analysis with final product properties and the dynamic considerations. High-density polyethylenes with different melt indices were extruded in a co-rotating TSE in this work. A predesigned random binary sequence type excitation in N was imposed for the dynamic study. Gray box models were developed between two output variables, melt temperature (Tmelt) at die and melt pressure (Pmelt) at die, with N, by incorporating both first principles knowledge of the process and the measured process data using the classical system identification technique. A second-order ARMAX (autoregressive moving average with exogenous input) model was found to be sufficient to capture the dynamic behaviors of Tmelt when N was changed. However, the dynamic behavior of Pmelt was modeled by a third-order ARMAX structure. Both models are in agreement with the a priori process information of the TSE.
Biomarkers of necrotising soft tissue infections: aspects of the innate immune response and effects of hyperbaric oxygenation—the protocol of the prospective cohort BIONEC study (2015)

NCT02180906.
A Survey of Pressure Vessel Code Compliance for Superconducting RF Cryomodules (2012)

Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made from niobium and cooled with liquid helium are becoming key components of many particle accelerators. The helium vessels surrounding the RF cavities, portions of the niobium cavities themselves, and also possibly the vacuum vessels containing these assemblies, generally fall under the scope of local and national pressure vessel codes. In the U.S., Department of Energy rules require national laboratories to follow national consensus pressure vessel standards or to show "a level of safety greater than or equal to" that of the applicable standard. Thus, while used for its superconducting properties, niobium ends up being treated as a low-temperature pressure vessel material. Niobium material is not a code listed material and therefore requires the designer to understand the mechanical properties for material used in each pressure vessel fabrication; compliance with pressure vessel codes therefore becomes a problem. This report summarizes the approaches that various institutions have taken in order to bring superconducting RF cryomodules into compliance with pressure vessel codes.
The Theory and Design of Chirp Radars (1960)

A new radar technique has been developed that provides a solution for the conflicting requirements of simultaneous long-range and high-resolution performance in radar systems. This technique, called Chirp at Bell Telephone Laboratories, recognizes that resolution depends on the transmitted pulse bandwidth. A long high-duty-factor transmitted pulse, with suitable modulation (linear frequency modulation in the case of Chirp), which covers a frequency interval many times the inherent bandwidth of the envelope, is employed. The receiver is designed to make optimum use of the additional signal bandwidth. This paper contains many of the important analytical methods required for the design of a Chirp radar system. The details of two signal generation methods are considered and the resulting signal waveforms and power spectra are calculated. The required receiver characteristics are derived and the receiver output waveforms are presented. The time-bandwidth product is introduced and related to the effective increase in the performance of Chirp systems. The concept of a matched filler is presented and used as a reference standard in receiver design. The effect of amplitude and phase distortion is analyzed by the method of paired echoes. One consequence of the signal design is the presence of time side lobes on the receiver output pulse analogous to the spatial side lobes in antenna theory. A method to reduce the time side lobes by weighting the pulse energy spectrum is explained in terms of paired echoes. The weighting process is described, and calculated pulse envelopes, weighting network characteristics and dele-???
Micro-scale Viscoelastic Characterization of Human Skin Tissues as a Biomarker for Melanoma (2020)

Viscoelastic parameters of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human skin tissue samples have been investigated via nanoindentation in an ex vivo condition as feasible biomarkers for melanoma (a type of skin cancer) diagnosis to understand the mechanics of human skin tissues better, specifically on the effects of disease progression. For thin slices at 8 $\mu$ m thickness of 5 normal and 5 melanoma affected human skin tissue samples, a combined loading condition that consists of a linear pre-loading and a sinusoidal dynamic loading from 0.01 - 10 Hz in 6 steps has been applied to achieve three viscoelastic parameters, storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor in addition to Young's modulus experimentally. The normal human skin tissues have shown higher Young's moduli by 17.5 % and behaved like less viscous materials than the melanoma affected human skin tissues. The statistical analysis using the two-sample t-test for the experimental results have been also presented to evaluate the performance of the approach as a valid method of melanoma diagnosis. Since recognizing the disease progression at an early stage is one of the important clinical challenges, in this regard, understanding the mechanical behaviors of human skin tissues is expected to play a critical role in diagnosing abnormality on human skin tissues.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Modified HSP70 Inhibitor Shows Broad Activity as an Anticancer Agent (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 395K, A) Binding assays of H1299 cells transfected with HA-tagged full-length and truncated HSP70 encoding the amino acids (aa) shown, treated with 20 uM biotinylated PES (B-PES) and 20 uM PES-Cl (PES-Cl). Biotinylated PES complexes were precipitated with avidin beads, eluted and detected with an anti-HA antibody following imunoblotting. Input is shown on the top panel, immunoprecipitation (IP) with avidin is depicted on the bottom panel. B) Cell viability of WI38 non-transformed fibroblasts after 48 hour treatment with 10 uM PES and PES-Cl. The values shown are the averaged results from three independent experiments, and error bars mark standard deviations. C) Western blot analysis of HSP90 client proteins in soluble cell extract following 48 hours of treatment with 10 uM PES-Cl. Actin is shown as a loading control. D) In silico docking of PES-Cl to the substrate binding domain of HSP70.&lt;/p&gt;
Asymmetric Synthesis of the AB Ring Segments of Daunomycin and 4-Demethoxydaunomycin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of the AB Ring Segments of Daunomycin and 4-DemethoxydaunomycinFranklin A. Davis, Charles Clark, Anil Kumar, and Bang-Chi ChenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 5, 1184–1190Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00084a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00084a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views670Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tuning the Selective Ethanol Oxidation on Tensile‐Trained Pt(110) Surface by Ir Single Atoms (2022)

Development of efficient and robust electrocatalysts for complete oxidation of ethanol is critical for the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells. However, the complete oxidation of ethanol suffers from poor efficiency due to the low C1 pathway selectivity. Herein, single-atomic Ir (Ir<sub>1</sub> ) on hcp-PtPb/fcc-Pt core-shell hexagonal nanoplates (PtPb@PtIr<sub>1</sub> HNPs) enclosed by Pt(110) surface with a 7.2% tensile strain is constructed to drive complete electro-oxidation of ethanol. Benefiting from the construction of Ir<sub>1</sub> sites, the PtPb@PtIr<sub>1</sub> HNPs exhibit a Faraday efficiency of 57.93% for the C1 pathway, which is ≈8.3 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C-JM. Furthermore, the PtPb@PtIr<sub>1</sub> HNPs show a top-ranked electro-activity achieving 45.1-fold and 56.3-fold higher than the specific and mass activities of Pt/C-JM, respectively. Meanwhile, the durability can be significantly enhanced by the construction of Ir<sub>1</sub> sites. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the strong synergy on the PtPb@PtIr<sub>1</sub> HNPs surface significantly promotes the breaking of CC bond of CH<sub>2</sub> CO* and facilitates CO oxidation and suppresses the deactivation of the catalyst. This work offers a unique single-atom approach using low-coordination active sites on shape-controlled nanocrystals to tune the selectivity and activity toward complicated catalytic reactions.
Detection and Location of Gamma-Ray Sources With a Modulating Coded Mask (2006)

The detection of high-energy γ-ray sources is vitally important to national security for numerous reasons, particularly nuclear materials smuggling interdiction and threat detection. This article presents two methods of detecting and locating a concealed nuclear γ-ray source by analyzing detector data of emissions that have been modulated with a coded mask. The advantages of each method, derived from a simulation study and experimental data, are discussed. Energetic γ-rays readily penetrate moderate amounts of shielding material and can be detected at distances of many meters. Coded masks are spatial configurations of shielding material (e.g., small squares formed from plates of lead or tungsten) placed in front of a detector array to modulate the radiation distribution. A coded mask system provides improved detection through an increased signal-to-noise ratio. In a search scenario it is impossible to obtain a comparison background run without the presence of a potential concealed source. The developed analysis methods simultaneously estimate background and source emissions and thus provide the capability to detect and locate a concealed high-energy radiological source in near real time. An accurate source location estimate is critically important to expedite the investigation of a high-probability γ-ray source. The experimental examples presented use a proof-of-concept coded mask system of a 4 × 4 array of NaI detectors directed at a γ-ray source in a field-of-view roughly 4 m wide × 3 m high (approximately the size of the side panel of a small freight truck). Test results demonstrate that the correct location of a radiologic source could be determined in as little as 100 seconds when the source was 6 m from the detector.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of (2,6‐Bis(dimethylamino)phenyl)lithium: The First Trimeric Organolithium Compound. (1989)

Abstract The first trimeric organo‐lithium compound (III) crystallizes in the space group P2 1 /n with Z=4.
Potential Profiling of the Nanometer-Scale Charge Depletion Layer in n-ZnO/p-NiO Junction Using Photoemission Spectroscopy (2006)

We have performed a depth-profile analysis of an all-oxide p-n junction diode n-ZnO/p-NiO using photoemission spectroscopy combined with Ar-ion sputtering. Systematic core-level shifts were observed during the gradual removal of the ZnO overlayer, and were interpreted using a simple model based on charge conservation. Spatial profile of the potential around the interface was deduced, including the charge-depletion width of 2.3 nm extending on the ZnO side and the built-in potential of 0.54 eV.