gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESSAYS ON DECEPTIVE COUNTERFEITS IN SUPPLY CHAINS: A BEHAVORIAL PERSPECTIVE (2015)

This dissertation is comprised of three essays intended to contribute to the operations management discipline, specifically within supply chain management. The first essay provides a research agenda for studying deceptive product counterfeits, which are products that have been manufactured and/or distributed and sold by an entity in violation of anotherâ€™s intellectual property rights and intentionally misrepresented by the seller as the genuine article. The proliferation of counterfeits into legitimate supply chains presents quality, health and safety and cost concerns for nearly all industries. We identify antecedents of vulnerability to deceptive counterfeits for firms and their supply chain partners using Situational Crime Prevention Theory and Normal Accident Theory. Vulnerability to counterfeiting has negative performance impacts for the firm, its customers and society. We propose using the Six Ts of Supply Chain Quality Management (Roth, Tsay, Pullman and Gray, 2008) as an approach to select effective strategies to mitigate these impacts. Essay Two serves as an initial effort to understand how counterfeits can enter supply chains. In this essay, we test whether purchasing specialists can serve as effective guardians of the supply chain using a scenario based role playing experiment. We explore if buyers can detect signals of counterfeits in proposals and successfully avoid the counterfeit supplier in the decision process. We additionally examine whether time constraints and workload pressure detracts from the ability to successfully process signals and avoid the counterfeit. We find that the buyers can successfully detect counterfeit signals and avoid the counterfeit in the selection decision, but donâ€™t find support for time constraints and workload pressure effects. The final contribution of this dissertation is a methodological essay that explores the effect of time pressure on decision making by using a combination of perceived time pressure and objective measures of time spent in the decision process to determine if time pressure affects the quality of the decision making in a supplier selection decision. We find that time constraints and perceived time pressure are related constructs that negatively affect decision quality in a supplier selection decision.
THE O'CONOR TECHNIQUE: THE GOLD STANDARD FOR SUPRATRIGONAL VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA REPAIR (1999)

Considering the inferior clinical results of the transvaginal and transvesical approaches compared to the O'Conor technique for repair of supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistula, it would be unethical to conduct a randomized study to prove the superiority of the latter method. We suggest that the O'Conor technique be considered the gold standard surgical method of repair of supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistulas.
Hormonal Control Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The American Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana L (1987)

Hormonal control of trehalose synthesis in the fat body of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is accompanied by a large decrease in the flux of metabolites through the glycolytic pathway. The decrease in glycolytic flux was investigated by measuring time-dependent changes in the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates at various times after treating the fat body with corpus cardiacum (CC) extract. The data indicate that the CC stimulates trehalose synthesis by a mechanism which includes inhibition of the glycolytic pathway.;The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate in fat body which had been treated with CC extract increased by 360 percent after 30 min, whereas that of fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate increased by only 138 and 150 percent respectively. The concentration of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate were not affected by CC extract. The level of glycerol 3-phosphate in the fat body was increased by 116 percent at 30 minutes. The data provide the first evidence that the decrease in glycolytic activity due to the CC results from the inhibition of aldolase and phosphoglucoisomerase.;CC extract increased the concentration of citrate and isocitrate in the fat body by 240 and 280 percent respectively, while that of {dollar}\\alpha{dollar}-ketoglutarate appeared to decrease. The remaining tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were unaffected by CC extract.;Evidence from kinetic studies on aldolase showed that citrate (Ki 1.0 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.14 mM) and glycerol 3-phosphate (Ki 2.6 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.3 mM) are inhibitory and could explain the inhibition of aldolase in CC treated fat body. Glycerol 3-phosphate potentiated the inhibitory effect of citrate on aldolase by increasing the affinity of the enzyme for citrate (Ki 0.45 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.08 mM).;The data show also that phosphoglucoisomerase is inhibited by glycerol 3-phosphate (Ki 2.5 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.21 mM) in the concentration range that occurs in CC treated tissue. The enzyme is also inhibited by erythrose 4-phosphate (Ki 3.75 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.01 {dollar}\\mu{dollar}M) and 6-phosphogluconate (Ki 35.0 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 3.0 {dollar}\\mu{dollar}M).;CC extract showed no apparent effect on the incorporation of {dollar}\\sp{lcub}14{rcub}{dollar}C into trehalose or glycogen from {dollar}\\sp{lcub}14{rcub}{dollar}C labelled amino acids. This suggests that gluconeogenesis is not stimulated by CC extract and agrees with the idea that inhibition of glycolysis by CC extract is mediated by an inhibition of aldolase and phosphoglucoisomerase resulting from the accumulation of citrate and glycerol 3-phosphate.
ELISA versus LUMINEX assay for measuring mouse metabolic hormones and cytokines: sharing the lessons I have learned (2020)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has long been the standard for quantitative analysis of metabolic hormones and cytokines. LUMINEX multiplex bead array assays were developed as cost- and time-effective alternatives to ELISA, but they are the only cost- and time-effective if they provide informative data. Here, I show that using half-volume of reagents for an adiponectin single-plex LUMINEX assay and a 6-plex LUMINEX xMAP mouse metabolic bead assay, produces reliable data and increases assay cost-effectiveness. I provide direct comparisons between LUMINEX assay and ELISA for quantitation of mouse leptin and insulin, and evaluate glucagon, GLP-1, IL-6, and TNFα data obtained using the 6-plex LUMINEX assay for a high-fat diet-induced obesity study. Good correlations between assays were obtained for fasting leptin and non-fasting insulin. However, the LUMINEX assay proved unsuitable for quantitating fasting insulin. ELISA proved suitable for quantitating fasting male, but not female, insulin. The LUMINEX assay gave lower values for leptin and higher values for insulin, compared with ELISA. The mouse metabolic LUMINEX assay proved unsuitable for quantitating glucagon, GLP-1, IL-6, and TNFα, due to undetectable levels in most fasting and non-fasting plasma. Overall, quantitative leptin levels were the only reliable data obtained from the mouse metabolic LUMINEX assay.
Optimizing Binocular Sensory Function In Accommodative Esotropia (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Fawcett, E. E. Birch, and J. Leffler, "Optimizing Binocular Sensory Function In Accommodative Esotropia," in Vision Science and its Applications, 1999 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper SaA2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Structures of reduced and ligand‐bound nitric oxide reductase provide insights into functional differences in respiratory enzymes (2013)

Nitric oxide reductase (NOR) catalyzes the generation of nitrous oxide (N2O) via the reductive coupling of two nitric oxide (NO) molecules at a heme/non-heme Fe center. We report herein on the structures of the reduced and ligand-bound forms of cytochrome c-dependent NOR (cNOR) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a resolution of 2.3-2.7 Å, to elucidate structure-function relationships in NOR, and compare them to those of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) that is evolutionarily related to NOR. Comprehensive crystallographic refinement of the CO-bound form of cNOR suggested that a total of four atoms can be accommodated at the binuclear center. Consistent with this, binding of bulky acetaldoxime (CH3-CH=N-OH) to the binuclear center of cNOR was confirmed by the structural analysis. Active site reduction and ligand binding in cNOR induced only ∼0.5 Å increase in the heme/non-heme Fe distance, but no significant structural change in the protein. The highly localized structural change is consistent with the lack of proton-pumping activity in cNOR, because redox-coupled conformational changes are thought to be crucial for proton pumping in CCO. It also permits the rapid decomposition of cytotoxic NO in denitrification. In addition, the shorter heme/non-heme Fe distance even in the bulky ligand-bound form of cNOR (∼4.5 Å) than the heme/Cu distance in CCO (∼5 Å) suggests the ability of NOR to maintain two NO molecules within a short distance in the confined space of the active site, thereby facilitating N-N coupling to produce a hyponitrite intermediate for the generation of N2O.
Inula Viscosa Extract Inhibits Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells in vitro and in vivo Through Induction of Apoptosis (2019)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in females and the third in males worldwide. Conventional therapy of CRC is limited by severe side effects and by the development of resistance. Therefore, additional therapies are needed in order to combat the problem of selectivity and drug resistance in CRC patients. <i>Inula viscosa</i> (IV) is a well-known medicinal perennial herb in traditional medicine. It is used for different therapeutic purposes, such as; topical anti-inflammatic, diuretic, hemostatic, antiseptic, antiphlogistic, and in the treatment of diabetes. Several studies attempted to reveal the anti-cancer activity of different extracts prepared by different organic solvents from different parts of the IV plant. The aim of the present study is to examine the potential beneficial effects of IV leaf aqueous extract on the growth of colon cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The results indicated that exposure of colorectal cancer cells to IV extract, significantly reduced cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of cells with 300 μg/ml of IV extract induced apoptosis, as it was detected by Annexin V/FITC/PI, TUNEL assay, and the activation of caspases. <i>In vivo</i> studies revealed that treatment with 150 or 300 mg/kg IV extract inhibited tumor growth in mice transplanted with MC38 cells. Tumors' weight and volume were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) reduced when compared to untreated-control group. Staining of the paraffin section of tumors revealed that IV treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Additionally, no side effects such as; weight loss, behavior changes, ruffled fur or changes in kidney, and liver functions were observed. These results may indicate that active doses of IV extract are not toxic. Further studies are needed in order to identify the structure of the active compounds. Results from this study may contribute to the development of new and efficient strategies for treatment of human colon cancer.
The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Heart (1999)

The discovery of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) opened a new era in the research of the physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system. Early studies relying on measurements of plasma renin levels had raised doubts about the participation of the RAS in the development and maintenance of hypertension (HT), but these doubts were laid to rest when antagonists or inhibitors of various components of the system were used to demonstrate its role. Use of these antagonists/inhibitors also permitted the elucidation of various aspects of the contribution of the RAS to the onset and progression of ischemic cardiac disease through the successive stages of ischemia, myocardial infarcts, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and congestive heart failure (CHF). The corollary of this research was the introduction of angiotensin inhibition in the treatment of HT, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure (HF).
Roles of two glutathione S -transferases in the final step of the β-aryl ether cleavage pathway in Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 (2020)

ABSTRACT Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 is an alphaproteobacterial degrader of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, which can degrade all the stereoisomers of β-aryl ether-type compounds. SYK-6 cells convert four stereoisomers of guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) into two enantiomers of α-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (MPHPV) through GGE α-carbon atom oxidation by stereoselective Cα-dehydrogenases encoded by ligD, ligL , and ligN . The ether linkages of the resulting MPHPV enantiomers are cleaved by stereoselective glutathione S -transferases (GSTs) encoded by ligF, ligE , and ligP , generating (β R β S )-α-glutathionyl-β-hydroxypropiovanillone (GS-HPV) and guaiacol. To date, it has been shown that the gene products of ligG and SLG_04120 ( ligQ ), both encoding GST, catalyze glutathione removal from (β R β S )-GS-HPV, forming achiral β-hydroxypropiovanillone. In this study, we characterized the enzyme properties of LigG and LigQ and elucidated their roles in β-aryl ether catabolism. Purified LigG showed an approximately 300-fold higher specific activity for (β R )-GS-HPV than that for (β S )-GS-HPV, whereas purified LigQ showed an approximately six-fold higher specific activity for (β S )-GS-HPV than that for (β R )-GS-HPV. Analyses of mutants of ligG, ligQ , and both genes revealed that SYK-6 converted (β R )-GS-HPV using both LigG and LigQ, whereas only LigQ was involved in converting (β S )-GS-HPV. Furthermore, the disruption of both ligG and ligQ was observed to lead to the loss of the capability of SYK-6 to convert MPHPV. This suggests that GSH removal from GS-HPV catalyzed by LigG and LigQ, is essential for cellular GSH recycling during β-aryl ether catabolism. IMPORTANCE The β-aryl ether linkage is most abundant in lignin, comprising 45%–62% of all intermonomer linkages in lignin; thus, cleavage of the β-aryl ether linkage together with the subsequent degradation process is considered the essential step in lignin biodegradation. The enzyme genes for β-aryl ether cleavage are useful for decomposing high-molecular-weight lignin, converting lignin-derived aromatic compounds into value-added products, and modifying lignin structures in plants to reduce lignin recalcitrance. In this study, we uncovered the roles of the two glutathione S -transferase genes, ligG and ligQ , in the conversion of GS-HPV isomers, which are generated in the β-aryl ether cleavage pathway in SYK-6. Adding our current results to previous findings allowed us to have a whole picture of the β-aryl ether cleavage system in SYK-6.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring Hydroxyl Radical in Live Cells Based on Gold Nanoclusters (2014)

Determination of hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) with high sensitivity and accuracy in live cells is a challenge for evaluating the role that (•)OH plays in the physiological and pathological processes. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence biosensor for (•)OH was developed, in which gold nanocluster (AuNC) protected by bovine serum albumin was employed as a reference fluorophore and the organic molecule 2-[6-(4'-hydroxy)phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl]benzoic acid (HPF) acted as both the response signal and specific recognition element for (•)OH. In the absence of (•)OH, only one emission peak at 637 nm ascribed to AuNCs was observed, because HPF was almost nonfluorescent. However, fluorescence emission at 515 nm attributed to the HPF product after reaction with (•)OH--dianionic fluorescein--gradually increased with the continuous addition of (•)OH, while the emission at 637 nm stays constant, resulting in a ratiometric determination of (•)OH. The developed fluorescent sensor exhibited high selectivity for (•)OH over other reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), metal ions, and other biological species, as well as high accuracy and sensitivity with low detection limit to ∼0.68 μM, which fulfills the requirements for detection of (•)OH in a biological system. In addition, the AuNC-based inorganic-organic probe showed long-term stability against light illumination and pH, good cell permeability, and low cytotoxicity. As a result, the present ratiometric sensor was successfully used for bioimaging and monitoring of (•)OH changes in live cells upon oxidative stress.
Understanding Mechanisms of Scale inhibition Using Newly Developed Test Method and Developing Synergistic Combined Scale Inhibitors (2012)

Abstract Static jar and dynamic loop tests are two major test methods used in the oilfield scale industry to evaluate the performance of scale inhibitors. The minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) under the test conditions can be determined, but with a certain amount of assumptions and theoretical analysis of the mechanism of scale inhibition, especially for scale inhibitors with dispersive effects. Unlike these traditional test methods, a newly developed test method, using an ultrasonic technique along with turbidity measurement, has been used to evaluate scale inhibitors and understand the inhibition mechanisms. In comparison with traditional test methods, this test method provides a quick and effective way to understand the scale inhibitors, including the effect of scale inhibitors on the induction, nucleation and growth stages of scale formation, and also the dispersion functions of scale inhibitors. Several typical commercial scale inhibitors, including phosphonate and polymer based chemistries have been tested using this newly developed test method. Different scale inhibitors demonstrated different inhibition mechanisms and will be addressed in detail in this paper. Results showed a polymer based scale inhibitor has good inhibition on the induction time of scale formation and a phosphoric based scale inhibitor showed a major dispersive effect on scale inhibition. The combined formulation based on these two inhibitors has been evaluated and a synergistic effect was observed and later confirmed by both the traditional static jar test and dynamic loop test, where the mixture of 75% polymer based scale inhibitor and 25% phosphoric based scale inhibitor showed much better performance than both neat scale inhibitors. In this paper, this newly developed test method will be introduced in detail and the benefits and limitations will also be discussed. By understanding the mechanism of the scale inhibitors, this technique might provide a new and alternative route of developing and formulating scale inhibitors.
Scaling the Chirality in Porphyrin J-Nanoaggregates (2010)

Chiral porphyrin J-aggregates are confined into microemulsions, achieving a fine control of their size and optical properties. The quality of the circular dichroism signal exhibits a remarkable scaling on the dimension from the nano- up to mesoscopic regime.
Nonlinear advanced methods for biological signal analysis (2003)

The estimation of nonlinear parameters in time series whose model is unknown has to consider the use of advanced analysis methods. The paper introduces time-domain indexes, monofractal characteristics (1/f/sup /spl alpha// spectrum, detrended fluctuation analysis) and a regularity statistic (approximate entropy). Multifractal approaches such as generalized structure functions have been also used to characterize the HRV signal. A determinism test on the time series assesses the presence of nonlinear structures by a hypothesis test based on surrogate data. In most cases, the multifractal spectrum of the original HRV series significantly differs (t-test), from those obtained from surrogate signals. Results in the HRV signal analysis confirm the presence of a nonlinear deterministic structure in time series. Moreover, nonlinear parameters can be used to separate normal subjects from patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases.
Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Peptide (PACAP) Affects Total Body Weight, Body Composition and Food Intake: ACG Obesity Award Presidential Poster (2012)

Purpose: PACAP is a pituitary and gastrointestinal neuropeptide, which binds with high affinity to the PAC-1 receptor. PACAP, injected in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, has been shown to activate the alpha-melanocortin pathway which regulates appetite. We have previously shown that after meals, PACAP is released by gastric ECL cells and regulates gastric acid secretion. We have developed PAC-1 knock-out (KO) mice and observed that they present a different body phenotype compared to wild type (WT) mice. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether PACAP regulates body mass composition and feeding behavior using a peripheral PACAP agonist and PAC-1 KO mice. Methods: Body composition analysis was performed on PAC1-KO (n=16) and WT (n=35) C57BL/6 strain of male mice aged 6 to 50 weeks using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (EchoMRI). Feeding behavior was analyzed for 1 hour using an automated BioDAQ food intake monitoring system in WT mice after an intra-peritoneal injection with a selective PAC1 agonist [76 μg/kg of PACAP-38 in pyrogen-free distilled phosphate buffered saline (PBS) + bovine serum albumin (BSA)] (n=6) and vehicle (0.2 mL of PBS+BSA) (n=4) twice daily for 3 consecutive days, at the beginning of the light and dark phases. BioDAQ analyzes feeding behavior by weighing the food to an accuracy of ±0.01gm every second and algorithmically detecting “not eating” or “eating.” Results: PAC1-KO mice had significantly higher age adjusted % fat mass (+7.06 ± 2.1%; p <.001; R2: 0.48), and lower % lean mass (- 8.11 ± 2.5%; p <.001; R2: 0.42) as compared to WT mice (Figure). In WT mice, PAC-1 agonist (PACAP-38) injections significantly reduced total food intake (3.3 vs. 98.3 mg; p=0.01), bout frequency (3 vs. 6.8/hr; p=0.05), total time spent in meals (0.33 vs. 11.1 min; p=0.05), % time spent in meals (0.6 vs.18.4 %; p=0.01), bout size (1.7 vs. 12.5 mg; p=0.03), meal size (2.2 vs. 60 mg; p=0.01), meal duration (0.34 vs. 7.7 min; p=0.01), and eating rate (0.04 vs. 1.5 mg/min; p=0.01) as compared to vehicle during the light phase. Reduced feeding parameters were observed also during the dark phase.Figure: No Caption available.Conclusion: PACAP plays a key role in appetite/satiety, body mass composition and weight homeostasis. PAC-1 receptor agonist may act as potential therapeutic agent for appetite down-regulation in overweight and obese patients.
Synthesis of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide analogues by use of deoxyribonucleoside 3′‐bis(1, 1, 1, 3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propyl) phosphites as new key intermediates (1991)

Abstract The deoxyribonucleoside 3′‐bis(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propyl) phosphite units ( 3 ) are used in the chemical synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides on solid supports. The new phosphite units ( 3 ) were prepared easily by reaction of nucleosides and tris‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propyl) phosphite ( 2 ). They are readily activated by N ‐methylimidazole under very mild conditions on a solid support. This operation involves a one step reaction, which is an advantage over both the phosphite and H ‐phosphonate approaches. The use of deoxyribonucleoside phosphite intermediates in the synthesis of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides is also described.