gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue diagnostics using laser‐induced fluorescence (1989)

Abstract We have performed extensive investigations of laser‐induced fluorescence in animal and human tissue aimed at instant tissue characterization. Autofluorescence, as well as specific fluorescence from HPD/DHE and other photosensitizers, has been utilized. The studies have been focused on the demarcation of malignant tumours and atheroscleortic plaques. A nitrogen laser or an excimer‐pumped dye laser was used to induce fluorescence, which was analysed with an intensified optical multichannel system. A fibre‐optic sensor system was developed for the clinical work. Multi‐colour fluorescence imaging has also been demonstrated along a line and equipment for two‐dimensional imaging is being constructed. Dimensionless spectroscopic functions, which are not affected by factors that are clinically uncontrollable have been employed for optimum tissue discrimination. The investigations have so far been performed in a time‐integrated mode, but time‐resolved studies are now being initiated to fully exploit the diagnostic power of tissue laser‐induced fluorescence. In addition to a presentation of our own work a brief review of tissue fluorescence studies performed by other groups is also given.
FePt nanoparticle formation with lower phase transition temperature by single shot plasma focus ion irradiation (2008)

Uniform FePt nanoparticles were synthesized through nanostructuring of pulsed laser deposited FePt thin films by single shot H+ ion irradiation using a plasma focus device. The annealing temperature required for phase transition from low Ku face-centred cubic to high Ku face-centred tetragonal, for ion irradiated samples, is simultaneously lowered down to 400 °C. The energetic H+ ion irradiation significantly reduces the activation energy for atomic ordering by increasing the number of vacancies. The advantage of using a plasma focus device is that it can achieve nanostructuring in much shorter time, in single shot ion exposure with pulse duration of typically about a few hundreds of nanoseconds, as compared with much longer duration required by continuous ion sources.
Enhancement of thermal spin transfer torque by double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions with a nonmagnetic metal spacer (2016)

Enhancement of thermal spin transfer torque in a double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction with a nonmagnetic-metal spacer is proposed in this study. The results indicate that, given the same temperature difference, thermal spin transfer torque and charge current density for the proposed double barrier magnetic tunnel junction configuration can be approximately twice as much as that of the traditional single-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions. This enhancement can be attributed to the resonant tunneling mechanism in the double-barrier structure.
Nanoreactors: a novel biosensing platform for protein assay (2012)

We have constructed a colorimetric protein assay platform based on a nanoreactor. The novel strategy presents high sensitivity and excellent performance for the detection of thrombin. The linear range is 5.58 × 10(-10) to 6.50 × 10(-9) M and the detection limit down to 0.19 nM is achieved.
Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Alkylboranes to Iminoacetates: Access to α‐Alkyl Branched α‐Amino Acids (2016)

Abstract A copper(I)‐catalyzed addition of alkylborane reagents to α‐iminoacetates has been developed to assemble both acyclic and cyclic α‐branched α‐amino carboxylic acid derivatives in good yields. A wide variety of unactivated alkenes are well tolerated in this transformation. magnified image
FUEL CELL ELECTRODE PROCESSES (1961)

A brief summary is given of the study of fundamentals of fuel cell anode processes, particularly with the use of carbonaceous fuel gases, and suitable electrode structures to carry out such studies. The particular fuel cells investigated were low temperature, low pressure cells with aqueous alkaline electrolytes. The hydrogen anode in alkaline electrolytes was investigated in more detail than electrodes employing other fuel gases. A complete study of the catalytic activity of the group's VIII and Ib metals and some of their alloys in establishing the open circuit potential was made. Tungsten metal and the oxides of the 3d transition series were later included. The potential of the hydrogen anode as a function of the metal catalyst employed was tabulated. All of these are halfcell potentials and are referred to the normal hydrogen electrode which has an arbitrary potential of zero and are expressed as oxidation potentials. (Author)
Hardware Accelerated Broad Phase Collision Detection for Realtime Simulations (2007)

Broad phase collision detection is a vital task in most interactive simulations, but it remains computationally expensive and is frequently an impediment to efficient implementation of realtime graphics applications. To over- come this hurdle, we propose a novel microarchitecture for performing broad phase collision detection using Axis-Aligned Bounding Boxes (AABBs), which exploits the parallelism available in the algorithms. We have im- plemented our microarchitecture on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and our results show that this im- plementation is capable of achieving an acceleration of up to 1.5× over the broad phase component of the SOLID collision detection library, when considering the communication overhead between the CPU and the FPGA. Our results further indicate that significantly higher accelerations are achievable using a more sophisticated FPGA or by implementing our microarchitecture on an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
A Global Parity Measure for Incomplete Point Cloud Data (2012)

Abstract Shapes with complex geometric and topological features such as tunnels, neighboring sheets, and cavities are susceptible to undersampling and continue to challenge existing reconstruction techniques. In this work we introduce a new measure for point clouds to determine the likely interior and exterior regions of an object. Specifically, we adapt the concept of parity to point clouds with missing data and introduce the parity map, a global measure of parity over the volume. We first examine how parity changes over the volume with respect to missing data and develop a method for extracting topologically correct interior and exterior crusts for estimating a signed distance field and performing surface reconstruction. We evaluate our approach on real scan data representing complex shapes with missing data. Our parity measure is not only able to identify highly confident interior and exterior regions but also localizes regions of missing data. Our reconstruction results are compared to existing methods and we show that our method faithfully captures the topology and geometry of complex shapes in the presence of missing data.
Catastrophic epilepsies of infancy: From bedside to the bench and back (2007)

Catastrophic epilepsies are age-related epileptic syndromes characterized by a variety of behavioral seizure manifestations, malignant EEG patterns, and dismal outcomes including mental retardation. Most of these syndromes occur early in life and can be either cryptogenic or symptomatic in origin. There are also genetic syndromes. Most syndromes of catastrophic epilepsy are refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs although infantile spasms may respond to steroids. Because catastrophic epilepsies are associated with devastating outcomes, it is important to develop innovative, effective and non-toxic treatments to probably stop the seizures and their regression that may be independent of the underlying condition. This will require the identification of model systems to be used to identify new treatments and screen for their efficacy in clinical studies. Understanding the pathophysiology of the catastrophic epilepsies in the models will lead to the identification of new therapeutic regimens that can be translated to clinical practice. Neurology Asia 2007; 12 (Supplement 1) : 7 – 9 Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders diagnosed in children and
Organic Optical Storage Media For Short Wavelength Systems (1988)

A versatile class of organic compounds has been identified as a source of potential recording layer materials for short wavelength optical data storage systems. Through modification of the structure of these materials, the strong absorption band may be tuned to any wavelength between 380 nm and 500 nm. Similar modification of other structural features permits manipulation of the physical properties without affecting the optical properties. One set of compounds tuned to 488 nm was coated onto aluminum substrates and tested in an argon ion laser drive. Tracks of pits were written in these materials at powers as low as 6-8 mW with pulse widths as low as 34 ns. Well formed pits as small as 0.4&mu;m in diameter were observed.
Anisotropic Vapor-Deposited Glasses: Hybrid Organic Solids (2019)

The term "organic solids" encompasses both crystals and glasses. Organic crystals are commonly grown for purification and structure determination and are being extensively explored for applications in organic electronics including field effect transistors. The ability to control the packing of one molecule relative to its neighbors is of critical importance for most uses of organic crystals. Often, anisotropic packing is also highly desirable as it enhances charge transport and optimizes light absorption/emission. When compared to crystals, the local packing in organic glasses is highly disordered and often isotropic. Glasses, however, offer two key advantages with respect to crystals. First, glasses typically lack grain boundaries and thus exhibit better macroscopic homogeneity. Second, glass composition can often be varied over a wide range while maintaining homogeneity. Besides electronic materials, many modern plastics used in a wide range of technologies are organic glasses, and the glassy state is being increasingly utilized to deliver pharmaceuticals because of higher bioavailability. In this article, we introduce vapor-deposited organic glasses as hybrid materials that combine some of the useful features of crystals and traditional liquid-cooled glasses. Physical vapor deposition produces glasses by directly condensing molecules from the gas phase onto a temperature-controlled substrate and allows film thickness to be controlled with nanometer precision. Just as liquid-cooled glasses, vapor-deposited glasses have smooth surfaces and lack grain boundaries. These attributes are critical for applications such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), in which vapor-deposited glasses of organic semiconductors form the active layers. In common with crystals, vapor-deposited glasses can exhibit anisotropic packing, and the extent of anisotropy can be comparable to that of the typical organic crystal. For vapor-deposited glasses, in contrast to crystals, anisotropic packing can generally be controlled as a continuous variable. Deposition conditions can be chosen to produce glasses with significant molecular orientation (molecules "standing up" or "lying down" relative to the substrate), and π-stacking can be directed along different directions relative to the substrate. Over the last five years, we have gained a fundamental understanding of the mechanism that controls the anisotropy of vapor-deposited glasses and learned how to control many aspects of anisotropic packing. Two key elements that enable such control are the high mobility present at the surface of an organic glass and the tendency of the surface to promote anisotropic packing of molecules. In contrast to traditional epitaxial growth, for vapor-deposited glasses, the free surface (not the substrate) acts as a template that controls the structure of a growing film. The structure of any given layer is decoupled from those beneath it, thereby providing considerable freedom in producing layered glassy structures.
Acceleration of microwave imaging algorithms for breast cancer detection via High-Level Synthesis (2015)

We present the system-level design of two accelerators for two microwave imaging algorithms for breast cancer detection. The accelerators were designed in SystemC and optimized via High-Level Synthesis (HLS). The two algorithms stress the capabilities of commercial HLS tools in different ways: the first is communication-bound and requires careful pipelining of communication and computation; the second is computation-bound and requires the implementation of mathematical functions that are not properly supported by HLS tools. Still, in the span of four months we were able to design and validate about one hundred alternative implementations, targeting a Zynq SoC platform. Furthermore, we were pleased to obtain results that are superior to a previous RTL implementation, which confirms the remarkable progress of HLS tools.
A Low-Complexity Three-Error-Correcting BCH Decoder for Optical Transport Network (2012)

The forward error correction for 100-Gbit/s optical transport network has received much attention recently. Studies showed that product codes that employ three-error-correcting Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes can achieve better performance than other BCH or Reed-Solomon codes. For such codes, the Peterson algorithm can be used to compute the error locator polynomial, and its roots can be found directly using a lookup table (LUT). However, the size of the LUT is quite large for finite fields of high order. In this brief, a novel approach is proposed to reduce the LUT size by at least four times through making use of the properties of the error locator polynomial and normal basis representation of finite field elements. Moreover, hybrid representation of finite field elements is adopted to minimize the complexity of the involved computations. For a (1023, 993) BCH decoder over <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GF</i> (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> ), the proposed design can lead to at least 28% complexity reduction.
Relational Learning with Social Status Analysis (2016)

Relational learning has been proposed to cope with the interdependency among linked instances in social network analysis, which often adopts network connectivity and social media content for prediction. A common assumption in existing relational learning methods is that data instances are equally important. The algorithms developed based on the assumption may be significantly affected by outlier data and thus less robust. In the meantime, it has been well established in social sciences that actors are naturally of different social status in a social network. Motivated by findings from social sciences, in this paper, we investigate whether social status analysis could facilitate relational learning. Particularly, we propose a novel framework RESA to model social status using the network structure. It extracts robust and intrinsic latent social dimensions for social actors, which are further exploited as features for supervised learning models. The proposed method is applicable for real-world relational learning problems where noise exists. Extensive experiments are conducted on datasets obtained from real-world social media platforms. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of RESA and further experiments are conducted to help understand the effects of parameter settings to the proposed model and how local social status works.
Evidence for Two Distinct Positive Trapped Charge Components in NBTI Stressed p-MOSFETs Employing Ultrathin CVD Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectric (2004)

Besides the generation of interface states and the associated positive trapped charge (N/sub tc1/), experimental results unambiguously show the generation of another positive trapped charge component (N/sub tc2/) during negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) stressing of p-MOSFETs employing ultrathin silicon nitride gate dielectric. For a given gate stress voltage, N/sub tc2/ is generated at a much faster rate compared to N/sub tc1/. Under the pulsed gate condition studied, N/sub tc1/ could almost be completely annihilated, regardless of the NBTI stress voltage, whereas only partial annihilation of N/sub tc2/ is observed. This more resistant nature of N/sub tc2/ to post-stress relaxation has serious implications on the dynamic NBTI reliability of these p-MOSFETs.
Blast Adjustment Factors for Elevated Vertical Cylindrical PVBs (2014)

Pressure vessel burst (PVB) is an explosion scenario commonly encountered at chemical processing facilities. PVBs pose both blast and fragmentation hazards. Blast prediction methods specific to PVBs were first developed in the 1970s and revised blast curves were published in 1995. The published blast curves were developed for spherical vessel bursts. However, most pressure vessels are cylindrical rather than spherical. The blast wave originating from a cylindrical PVB is not spherical (i.e., as with a spherical vessel). Rather, the blast to the sides of a cylindrical vessel is stronger than on the ends, creating non-spherical pressure contours, particularly near the vessel. The cylindrical vessel directional blast effect has recently been investigated by the authors, resulting in a correlation to account for the directional effects. However, it was assumed in the prior work that the vessel was at ground level. This paper extends the prior work to elevated PVBs. Both elevated spherical and cylindrical PVBs are examined to provide new correlations for blast overpressure and impulse for a range of vessel geometries and burst conditions.
Rigid motion estimation using mixtures of projected Gaussians (2013)

Modeling the position and orientation in three-dimensional space is important in many applications. In robotics, the position and orientation of objects as well as the rigid motions of robots are derived from sensor data that are uncertain. The uncertainties of these sensor data result in position and orientation uncertainties that can be very widely spread or have several peaks. In this paper we describe a class of probability density functions (pdf) on the group of rigid motions that allows for modeling wide-spread and multi-modal pdf and offers most of the operations that are available for the mixtures of Gaussians on Euclidean space. The use of this class of pdf is illustrated with an example from robotic perception.
Towards cost-effective and resource-aware aggregation at Edge for Federated Learning (2022)

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that addresses privacy and data transfer costs by computing data at the source. It's particularly popular for Edge and IoT applications where the aggregator server of FL is in resource-capped edge data centers for reducing communication costs. Existing cloud-based aggregator solutions are resource-inefficient and expensive at the Edge, leading to low scalability and high latency. To address these challenges, this study compares prior and new aggregation methodologies under the changing demands of IoT and Edge applications. This work is the first to propose an adaptive FL aggregator at the Edge, enabling users to manage the cost and efficiency trade-off. An extensive comparative analysis demonstrates that the design improves scalability by up to 4X, time efficiency by 8X, and reduces costs by more than 2X compared to extant cloud-based static methodologies.
Super stable foams stabilized by colloidal ethyl cellulose particles (2011)

Here we report the preparation of super stable liquid foams with various bubble sizes stabilized by colloidal ethyl cellulose (EC) particles. What is novel and different in this particle stabilized foam is that both the initial material (EC) and processes used are in principle food grade, thus it may offer scope in food applications. The particles were prepared using a conventional anti-solvent precipitation method, involving the dissolution of EC polymer into acetone, followed by fast mixing with water (anti-solvent), leading to the precipitation of EC particles, then followed by the rotary evaporation of acetone. The interfacial tension of the resulting dispersion is 36 mN m−1, indicating that particles co-exist with surface active and water soluble components, which is most likely a low molecular weight EC fraction. The average particle diameter is 0.13 μm and their zeta potential is −50mV at pH = 6, increasing to −5mV at pH = 3. This negative surface potential is attributed to adsorption of hydroxyl ions, known to occur on many hydrophobic surfaces, including oil–water, air–water and hydrophobic particle–water. As a result, there is strong electrostatic repulsion between EC particles at neutral and low ionic strength, which stabilizes EC dispersion and also significantly increases the adsorption barrier of EC particle at the air–water interface. Due to their similar origin, both inter-particle repulsion and adsorption barrier can be controlled by pH and/or ionic strength, which leads to dispersion destabilization and at the same time good foamability and extreme foam stability at acidic conditions (pH < 4) and/or moderate or high ionic strengths (I > 20 mM). Foam coarsening shows an initial stage with coarsening time of approximately 1 week, followed by a plateau, where the coarsening has been arrested for a period of months. By using cryo scanning electron microscopy, we reveal that these EC foams are Pickering stabilized, where EC particles are closely packed at the air–water interface forming a single or multi-layers. We also show that super stable EC foams can be prepared using various aeration techniques, allowing us to vary the bubble diameter from a few microns to hundreds of microns.
Instructional course lectures. Volume XXII, 1973. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 285×220 mm. Pp. 322+x. Illustrated. 1973. London: Henry Kimpton. £11.20 (1975)

Instructional course lectures. Volume XXII, 1973. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 285×220 mm. Pp. 322+x. Illustrated. 1973. London: Henry Kimpton. £11.20 Get access Instructional Course Lectures. Volume XXII, 1973. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 285×220 mm. Pp. 322+x. Illustrated. 1973. London: Henry Kimpton. £11.20. R Barnes R Barnes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 62, Issue 3, March 1975, Page 251, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800620328 Published: 07 December 2005
Bioengineered Implantable Scaffolds as a Tool to Study Stromal-Derived Factors in Metastatic Cancer Models (2014)

Modeling the hematogenous spread of cancer cells to distant organs poses one of the greatest challenges in the study of human metastasis. Both tumor cell-intrinsic properties as well as interactions with reactive stromal cells contribute to this process, but identification of relevant stromal signals has been hampered by the lack of models allowing characterization of the metastatic niche. Here, we describe an implantable bioengineered scaffold, amenable to in vivo imaging, ex vivo manipulation, and serial transplantation for the continuous study of human metastasis in mice. Orthotopic or systemic inoculation of tagged human cancer cells into the mouse leads to the release of circulating tumor cells into the vasculature, which seed the scaffold, initiating a metastatic tumor focus. Mouse stromal cells can be readily recovered and profiled, revealing differential expression of cytokines, such as IL1β, from tumor-bearing versus unseeded scaffolds. Finally, this platform can be used to test the effect of drugs on suppressing initiation of metastatic lesions. This generalizable model to study cancer metastasis may thus identify key stromal-derived factors with important implications for basic and translational cancer research.