gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Final analysis of a phase II study of modified FOLFIRINOX in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. (2016)

395 Background: Toxicities associated with FOLFIRINOX have prompted use of modifications, despite absence of prospective data validating comparable efficacy and improved tolerability. To determine the impact of attenuated doses of irinotecan and bolus 5FU on efficacy and tolerability, we conducted a prospective phase II study of modified FOLFIRINOX in advanced PC. The efficacy of a FOLFIRINOX regimen has not been previously examined in locally advanced PC (LAPC). Previous studies in LAPC have compared chemo vs chemoRT with median OS in the 9-12 mo range (Loehrer et al, Chauffert et al, Hammel et al). Methods: Previously untreated pts with MPC or LAPC received modified FOLFIRINOX with pegylated filgrastim. Irinotecan and bolus FU were reduced by 25%. AEs were compared to historical control (Conroy et al NEJM 2011). Objective RR in MPC was compared to historical control. PFS and OS were calculated for both cohorts. Results: 31 and 44 pts with LAPC and MPC enrolled. Treatment-related grade 3 and 4 AEs were diarrhea (16.2%), neutropenia (12.2%), fatigue (12.2%), thrombocytopenia (9.5%), anemia (5.4%). Neutropenia (p &lt; 0.0001), vomiting (p = 0.001), and fatigue (p = 0.01) were significantly decreased compared to historical control patients. In MPC, the RR (35.1%) was similar to the historical control group (36.3%; p 0.82); median PFS and OS were 6.1 months (95% CI, 5.19 to 8.31) and10.2 months (95% CI, 7.65 to 14.32) respectively. In LAPC, the RR was 17.2% and median PFS and OS were 17.8 mo (95% CI, 11.0 to 23.9) and 26.6 mo (95% CI, 16.7, NA) respectively. 13 pts went on to surgical resection with 10 now alive and 6 without recurrence. We found no significant association between early metabolic response by FDG-PET imaging and PFS and OS. Conclusions: In this first prospective study of modified FOLFIRINOX, the regimen was well tolerated and associated with decreased incidence of AEs compared to historical control of standard FOLFIRINOX. In MPC pts, the efficacy of the modified regimen appear uncompromised. In this first prospective study of a FOLFIRINOX regimen in LAPC, the PFS and OS surpasses that of previously studied regimens in LAPC. Clinical trial information: NCT01523457.
Mass transfer of dilute soluble silica in a fixed bed of an OH− type strong anion exchange resin (1995)

A mass transfer model of silica in a bed of OH - type strong anion exchange resin is proposed, on the basis of the phenomenon that silica is adsorbed into it by both ion exchange and polymerization in the resin. The two self diffusivities of silica in both liquid and resin phases and also the adsorption rate coefficient by the polymerization were determined. Using the presented model and these values, the theoretical breakthrough curves for silica were calculated. The theoretical curves agreed with the experimental data. The effluent behaviour of silica is greatly affected by the pH value and the concentration of the coexisting anion (such as Cl - ) of the feed solution
Satellite Constellations for Atmospheric Sounding with GPS: A Revolution in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Research (1995)

Spaceborne Global Positioning System (GPS) atmospheric science is blossoming. Proposed missions require high performance GPS flight receivers with capabilities beyond most space needs. With GPS technology maturing, and lower cost spaceborne receivers, GPS usage is expanding rapidly for space flight projects. Several of these are discussed, such as atmospheric occultation, ionospheric imaging, etc.
Möglichkeiten der Prävention (2002)

Auf die Möglichkeit der Prävention durch Nahrungsmittel wurde bereits im Kapitel 12, Abschnitt Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten eingegangen.
Wideband Polarization Reconfigurable Differential Circularly Polarized Antenna (2019)

This paper presents a polarization reconfigurable differential circularly polarized (PRDCP) antenna with wide impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth for right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). The antenna is composed of a bandwidth-improved radiator and a reconfigurable differential-to-single-ended sequential feeding network. The radiator consists of three patches, and four feeding lines to achieve the wide AR bandwidth and stable radiation patterns. The feeding network consists of two stepped coupled line couplers (SCLCs), and two switches that provide switchable quadrature excitations. By digitally controlling the inputs of the switches, the LHCP or RHCP mode can be selected. To verify the feasibility of the PRDCP antenna, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the bandwidths in the LHCP (RHCP) are 75.6% (81.8%) of a 10-dB matching, 66.7% (71.2%) of a 3-dB AR with stable radiation patterns of 7.4 dBi (7.4 dBi) peak gain.
Cyclosporin A Upregulates Phospholipase C β1 in Fibroblasts From Gingival Overgrowth (2000)

These results do not explain whether the exaggerated reactivity to in vitro CsA is the consequence of a genetically transmitted susceptibility to CsA that identifies those subjects at risk for developing GO, or whether it is a secondary effect of the long-term in vivo exposure to CsA. However, the present data underline the lack of any close relationship between enhanced fibroblast activity and clinical signs of GO and support the hypothesis that some other factors, together with CsA, are involved in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced GO.
QUANTIDADES E TEMPOS DE DECOMPOSIÇÃO DA FLOR-DE-SEDA NO DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO DO RABANETE (2011)

O uso de recursos naturais disponíveis na fazenda de produtores torna-se importante para obtenção de renda. No bioma caatinga, encontramos uma diversidade de espécies espontâneas que podem ser utilizadas como fontes de nitrogênio e serem utilizadas como adubo verde. Este trabalho foi conduzido na horta do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, no período de fevereiro a março de 2008, com o objetivo de avaliar quantidades e tempos de decomposição da flor-de-seda no desempenho agronômico do rabanete.O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com três repetições, com 144 plantas por parcela, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas quantidades de flor-de-seda (20; 40; 60 e 80 t ha-1 em base fresca, correspondendo a 3,0; 6,0; 9,0 e 12,0 t ha-¹ em base seca), o segundo pelos tempos de sua incorporação ao solo (0 e 15 dias antes a semeadura - DAS). A cultivar de rabanete plantado foi a Crimson Gigante. As características avaliadas de rabanete foram: altura de planta, diâmetro de raiz; massa fresca e seca de folhas e rendimento e massa seca total de raízes. Interação significativa entre os fatores estudados foi observada nas características avaliadas, com exceção da altura, diâmetro, massa fresca e seca de folhas. A quantidade de 12,0 t ha-1 e 15 dias de incorporação (DAS) da flor-de-seda foi responsável pelo melhor desempenho agronômico do rabanete.
Significance of C‐terminal sequence elements for Petunia flavanone 3β‐hydroxylase activity (2004)

Flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase (FHT), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD), catalyzes the hydroxylation of (2S)-flavanones to (2R/3R)-dihydroflavonols in plants as a key step towards the biosynthesis of flavonols, anthocyanins and catechins. Crystallographic studies of 2-ODDs typically revealed a jelly roll in the enzyme core, and the C-terminus of the enzyme polypeptides was proposed to form a lid covering the active site cavity, thereby reducing the chances for oxidative or proteolytic damage and unfolding. Moreover, it has been proposed that in some cases the C-terminus is involved in substrate selectivity of 2-ODDs. In a systematic approach with highly active Petunia FHT, four C-terminally truncated enzyme forms were generated by deletion of five, 11, 24 or 29 amino acids. The recombinant FHTs preserved their substrate selectivity, but the specific activity decreased gradually with the extent of truncation. Then, an enzyme chimera was constructed by domain swapping replacing the C-terminal 52 amino acids of Petunia FHT by the equivalent region of flavonol synthase (FLS) from Citrus unshiu, an enzyme showing ambiguous FLS and FHT activity. The chimeric dioxygenase still revealed exclusively FHT activity, albeit at a moderate level only. The data predict that the selectivity of FHT is not governed by the C-terminal sequence accounting for about 13% of the enzyme polypeptide.
Intercalation Chemistry and Electronic Structure of Graphite-Like Layered Material BC[sub 2]N (2010)

A graphite-like layered material of composition , which is called in this paper, was prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method at 1770–2220 K. Lithium (Li) and potassium (K) were intercalated into by an electrochemical method and a vapor-phase reaction, respectively, to make the first-stage compounds with interlayer spacings similar to those of the first-stage graphite intercalation compounds. Sodium (Na) was intercalated into by the electrochemical method as well as the vapor-phase reaction, whereas Na was hardly intercalated into graphite. The X-ray diffraction analysis and an electrochemical capacity suggested that the Na-intercalated was a mixture of the first- and second-stage compounds. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that an unoccupied π∗ orbital of showed a relatively strong intensity, and the bottom of the orbital was at an energy lower than each bottom of graphite, noncrystalline carbon, and . These results suggested that alkali metals including Na could donate electrons to more efficiently than the other host materials. Thus, the intercalation of alkali metal into proceeds more effectively than the other host materials.
Inhibition of HIV‐2 Protease by HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors in Clinical Use (2008)

Over the past 10 years, protease inhibitors have been a key component in antiretroviral therapies for HIV/AIDS. While the vast majority of HIV/AIDS cases in the world are due to HIV-1, HIV-2 infection must also be addressed. HIV-2 is endemic to Western Africa, and has also appeared in European countries such as Portugal, Spain, and Estonia. Current protease inhibitors have not been optimized for treatment of HIV-2 infection; therefore, it is important to assess the effectiveness of currently FDA-approved protease inhibitors against the HIV-2 protease, which shares only 50% sequence identity with the HIV-1 protease. Kinetic inhibition assays were performed to measure the inhibition constants (K(i)) of the HIV-1 protease inhibitors indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, tipranavir, and darunavir against the HIV-2 protease. Lopinavir, saquinavir, tipranavir, and darunavir exhibit the highest potency with K(i) values of 0.7, 0.6, 0.45, and 0.17 nm, respectively. These K(i) values are 84, 2, 24, and 17 times weaker than the corresponding values against the HIV-1 protease. In general, inhibitors show K(i) ratios ranging between 2 and 80 for the HIV-2 and HIV-1 proteases. The relative drop in potency is proportional to the affinity of the inhibitor against the HIV-1 protease and is related to specific structural characteristics of the inhibitors. In particular, the potency drop is high when the maximum cap size of the inhibitors consists of very few atoms. Caps are groups located at the periphery of the molecule that are added to core structures to increase the specificity of the inhibitor to its target. The caps positioned on the HIV-1 protease inhibitors affect selectivity through interactions with distinct regions of the binding pocket. The flexibility and adaptability imparted by the higher number of rotatable bonds in large caps enables an inhibitor to accommodate changes in binding pocket geometry between HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease.
Counting statistics of phase slips in superconducting nanocircuits (2013)

We perform measurements of switching current on different types of superconducting weak links and systematically study higher moments of the switching current distributions. We employ two types of devices in which a weak link is formed either by a superconducting nanowire or by a graphene flake subject to proximity effect. We find that, independently on the nature of the weak link, the third moment (skewness) of the distribution is universally close to -1 both in thermal and quantum regimes, thus implying manifestly non-Gaussian statistics. The fourth moment (kurtosis) also takes a universal value close to 5. The discovered universality of skewness and kurtosis is confirmed by the analytical model. Our numerical analysis shows that introduction of extraneous noise into the system leads to significant deviations from the universal values. We suggest to use the universality of higher moments as a robust tool to check against undesirable effects on noise.
Syntheses, Characterizations, and X‐ray Single‐Crystal Structures of 1,8‐Bis(trimethylsilylamino)naphthalene Aluminum Hydride and the Methyl Derivative (2007)

Abstract The reaction of 1,8‐bis(trimethylsilylamino)naphthalene (LH 2 ) ( 1 ) with n BuLi yields the dilithium compound [1,8‐(Me 3 SiN) 2 C 10 H 6 ](Li) 2 (thf) 3 ( 2 ). Compound 1 reacts with H 3 Al · NMe 3 with elimination of hydrogen gas to produce [1,8‐(Me 3 SiN) 2 C 10 H 6 ]AlH(NMe 3 ) ( 3 ), and the reaction of 2 with MeAlCl 2 leads to [1,8‐(Me 3 SiN) 2 C 10 H 6 ]Al(Me)thf ( 4 ). Compounds 3 and 4 are the first two aluminum mononuclear compounds to contain the 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene ligand. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy, MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The effects of neonatal screening for sickle cell disorders on lifetime treatment costs and early deaths avoided: a modelling approach (2000)

The resulting estimates may act as a guide to those involved in the planning of health care provision with regard to the resources required to treat sickle cell disorder patients. Such information may also be incorporated into the evaluation of both antenatal and neonatal screening programmes for sickle cell disorders.
Application of the method of multiple scales to unravel energy exchange in nonlinear locally resonant metamaterials (2018)

In this paper, the effect of weak nonlinearities in 1D locally resonant metamaterials is investigated via the method of multiple scales. Commonly employed to the investigate the effect of weakly nonlinear interactions on the free wave propagation through a phononic structure or on the dynamic response of a Duffing oscillator, the method of multiple scales is here used to investigate the forced wave propagation through locally resonant metamaterials. The perturbation approach reveals that energy exchange may occur between propagative and evanescent waves induced by quadratic nonlinear local interaction.
α-Carotene and its derivatives have a sole chirality in phototrophic organisms? (2012)

Carotenoids in eukaryotic phototrophic organisms can be classified into two groups; β-carotene and its derivatives, and α-carotene and its derivatives. We re-examined distribution of α-carotene and its derivatives among various taxa of aquatic algae (17 classes) and land plants. α-carotene and its derivatives were found from Rhodophyceae (macrophytic type), Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chlorarachniophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Charophyceae, and land plants, while they could not be detected from Glaucophyceae, Rhodophyceae (unicellular type), Chryosophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Haptophyceae, and Dinophyceae. We also analyzed the chirality of α-carotene and/or its derivatives, such as lutein and siphonaxanthin, and found all of them had only (6'R)-type, not (6'S)-type.
Oxygen and carbon isotope ranges in modern and ancient brachiopods (2004)

Articulate brachiopods are frequently utilized for deciphering the oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions and temperatures of ancient oceans because their fossil shells are relatively resistant to diagenetic alteration [1]. In addition, they precipitate their shells in, or close to (± 1 permil), isotope equilibrium with ambient seawater [2]. Higher deviations in isotopic signatures were observed only in one sample, collected in an intertidal zone of NW Washington State, USA by Auclair et al. [3]. In the present study we carry out a threedimensional micro sampling of modern and ancient brachiopods in order to demonstrate the possible ranges of oxygen and carbon isotope values in a single specimen within the context of paleogeography, elemental distributions, cathodoluminescence and crystallographic investigations. The initial results of sampling along the growth axis of two Permian brachiopods from low and high latitudes, yielded oxygen and carbon isotope values that varied less than 1 permil. Moreover, isotope values along single growth lines that are perpendicular to the growth axis, are within 0.3 permil for both oxygen and carbon. In a variety of Triassic brachiopods, sampling at different points yielded oxygen and carbon isotope values within 0.5 and 0.3 permil, respectively. Additional measurements on modern and ancient brachiopods are currently in progress.
Border Promotion Stories: Identity Management Among Expatriate Retirees Living In Mexico (2005)

Expatriate retirees from the United States and Canada who live on the north shore of M exico’s Lake Chapala routinely tell stories about a phenomenon locally known as the “border promotion. ” This study investigates the ways in which border promotion stories are deployed, heard and acted upon by expatriates in the Lake Chapala Riviera community. Using methods from the ethnography of communication and an extended theoiy of social identity derived from the work of Adriana Cavarero, this paper sets forth the importance of border promotion stories for identity management, as well as the development and maintenance of community cohesion within the expatriate colony.
Effect of increasing bromide concentration on toxicity in treated drinking water (2015)

Research is increasingly indicating the potential chronic health effects of brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs). This is likely to increase with elevated bromide concentrations resulting from the impacts of climate change, projected to include extended periods of drought and the sudden onset of water quality changes. This will demand more rigorous monitoring throughout distribution systems and improved water quality management at water treatment plants (WTPs). In this work the impact of increased bromide concentration on formation of DBPs following conventional treatment and chlorination was assessed for two water sources. Bioanalytical tests were utilised to determine cytotoxicity of the water post disinfection. Coagulation was shown to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of the water, indicating that removal of natural organic matter DBP precursors continues to be an important factor in drinking water treatment. Most toxic species appear to form within the first half hour following disinfectant addition. Increasing bromide concentration across the two waters was shown to increase the formation of trihalomethanes and shifted the haloacetic acid species distribution from chlorinated to those with greater bromine substitution. This correlated with increasing cytotoxicity. This work demonstrates the challenges faced by WTPs and the possible effects increasing levels of bromide in source waters could have on public health.
The Heterochromatin protein 1 is a regulator in RNA splicing precision deficient in ulcerative colitis (2022)

Defects in RNA splicing have been linked to human disorders, but remain poorly explored in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we report that expression of the chromatin and alternative splicing regulator HP1γ is reduced in ulcerative colitis (UC). Accordingly, HP1γ gene inactivation in the mouse gut epithelium triggers IBD-like traits, including inflammation and dysbiosis. In parallel, we find that its loss of function broadly increases splicing noise, favoring the usage of cryptic splice sites at numerous genes with functions in gut biology. This results in the production of progerin, a toxic splice variant of prelamin A mRNA, responsible for the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome of premature aging. Splicing noise is also extensively detected in UC patients in association with inflammation, with progerin transcripts accumulating in the colon mucosa. We propose that monitoring HP1γ activity and RNA splicing precision can help in the management of IBD and, more generally, of accelerated aging.
Studies on the structural basis of the heterogeneity of human prostatic and seminal acid phosphatases (1983)

We studied possible causes of the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) purified by affinity chromatography from human prostate and human seminal fluid. The isoelectric focusing pattern in polyacrylamide gel shows numerous bands in the pH range 4.0-5.2 and 5.5-5.9. Treatment with neuraminidase under conditions shown to cause complete removal of sialic acid does not abolish the observed heterogeneity. Although there is a change of the more acidic forms to ones having more basic pI values, at least 4 distinct bands remain. Structural differences at the amino terminal end can be ruled out as the cause of the remaining electrophoretic heterogeneity. Lysine is shown to be the amino terminal amino acid for both the prostatic and seminal fluid enzymes. The sequences of the first 23 amino acids are shown to be identical for the prostatic and seminal fluid acid phosphatases. The functional enzyme contains no metal ion but it can be stoichiometrically inactivated by cupric ion.
Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Islet Cell Hormone Metabolic Actions (2001)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Molecular Actions of Thyroid Hormone Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Growth and Development Extrahypothalamic Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone Metabolic Actions of Islet Cell Hormones Insulin Glucagon Amylin Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Somatostatin Pancreatic Polypeptide Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Insulin Metabolic Actions Euthyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Glucagon Metabolic Actions Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Somatostatin Metabolic Actions Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Pancreatic Polypeptide Metabolic Actions Summary and Conclusions
Harmonic Training and the Formation of Pitch Representation in a Neural Network Model of the Auditory Brain (2016)

Attempting to explain the perceptual qualities of pitch has proven to be, and remains, a difficult problem. The wide range of sounds which elicit pitch and a lack of agreement across neurophysiological studies on how pitch is encoded by the brain have made this attempt more difficult. In describing the potential neural mechanisms by which pitch may be processed, a number of neural networks have been proposed and implemented. However, no unsupervised neural networks with biologically accurate cochlear inputs have yet been demonstrated. This paper proposes a simple system in which pitch representing neurons are produced in a biologically plausible setting. Purely unsupervised regimes of neural network learning are implemented and these prove to be sufficient in identifying the pitch of sounds with a variety of spectral profiles, including sounds with missing fundamental frequencies and iterated rippled noises.