gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric Study of Joined-Wing Aircraft Geometry (2010)

Light wings with high aspect ratio are the main feature of HALE (High Altitude Long Endurance) aircraft. High-aspect-ratio light wings are well known as very flexible structures that can be modeled with nonlinear beam theories. One way to increase effective stiffness is to use the concept of a joined wing. Joined-wing aircraft are characterized by statically indeterminate structures, i.e. structures with multiple load paths. NATASHA (Nonlinear Aeroelastic Trim And Stability for HALE Aircraft) has been updated so that it is now capable of analyzing joined-wing configurations. This paper offers some validation study of analyzing joined-wing aircraft with NATASHA as well as a parametric study of joined-wing geometry. Effects of the joint position and sweep angle of the aft wing has been studied using NATASHA.
Characterization and Mechanism of Stress-induced Translocation of 78-Kilodalton Glucose-regulated Protein (GRP78) to the Cell Surface (2015)

Glucose-regulated protein (GRP78)/BiP, a major chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, is recently discovered to be preferably expressed on the surface of stressed cancer cells, where it regulates critical oncogenic signaling pathways and is emerging as a target for anti-cancer therapy while sparing normal organs. However, because GRP78 does not contain classical transmembrane domains, its mechanism of transport and its anchoring at the cell surface are poorly understood. Using a combination of biochemical, mutational, FACS, and single molecule super-resolution imaging approaches, we discovered that GRP78 majorly exists as a peripheral protein on plasma membrane via interaction with other cell surface proteins including glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Moreover, cell surface GRP78 expression requires its substrate binding activity but is independent of ATP binding or a membrane insertion motif conserved with HSP70. Unexpectedly, different cancer cell lines rely on different mechanisms for GRP78 cell surface translocation, implying that the process is cell context-dependent.
Supercritical Fluid Crystallization of Adipic Acid Using Urea as Habit Modifier (2008)

The crystal morphology of adipic acid mediated by the action of urea as additive has been investigated using the supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS). The process was performed using acetone and carbon dioxide as solvent and antisolvent, respectively. The effect of urea concentration in the liquid solution and of precipitation pressure on the crystal habit was investigated; the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). Urea was found to be very effective in modifying the crystal habit of adipic acid from needle-like shape with a length of several hundreds of micrometers to prismatic shape. Operating at 40 °C, 12 MPa, and a urea/adipic acid mass ratio of 12.5% prismatic crystals with a mean size of about 7.5 μm and a very narrow crystal size distribution were obtained. The habit modification was attributed to the preferential adsorption of urea to the fastest growing crystal face of the needle crystal, which inhibited the crystal growth along the corresponding direction.
Hybrid Architecture for Pervasive Computing Supported Collaborative Work Application and Simulation (2010)

In this paper we present an hybrid architecture for a computer supported collaborative work in pervasive computing environment simulator. This architecture supports pure simulation mode where all agents are simulated, real deployment where it seamlessly integrates pervasive computing to the computer supported collaborative work and finally an hybrid mode where real devices can interact with simulated ones. This specific architecture provides an original framework to develop and evaluate complex behaviours in pervasive computing environments by allowing scenario to be played in a semi-simulated way and avoid some of the constraints and difficulties of real conditions testing. In addition to theses obvious advantages it also provides a reliable base to capture and analyse real devices behaviour in pervasive computing environments.
Synthetic retinoids as inducers of apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cell lines (2004)

Apoptosis is also known as programmed cell death. Apoptosis plays an essential role in maintaining normal tissue and cell physiology in multicellular organisms. Clearance of aberrant or pre-cancerous cells occurs through the induction of apoptosis. It has been reported that many tumors and tumor cell lines have dysfunctional apoptosis signaling, causing these tumors to escape immune monitoring and internal cellular control mechanisms. One potential cause of this dysfunctional apoptosis is the tumor suppressor p53, an important regulator of growth arrest and apoptosis that is mutated in over 50% of all cancers. Retinoids have great potential in the areas of cancer therapy and chemoprevention. While some tumor cells are sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of natural retinoids such as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), many ovarian tumor cells are not. 6-[3-(1-Admantyl)]-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) and fenretinide N-[4-hydroxyphenyl] retinamide (4-HPR) are conformationally restricted synthetic retinoids that induce growth arrest and apoptosis in both ATRA-sensitive and ATRA-resistant ovarian tumor cell lines. Recently, we have identified the molecular pathways of apoptosis induced by treatment of ovarian carcinoma cells with mutated p53 by CD437 and 4-HPR.
Compensatory activation of the multidrug transporters Pdr5p, Snq2p, and Yor1p by Pdr1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p activate the expression of several genes, including PDR5, SNQ2, and YOR1, which encode ATP-binding cassette transporters that extrude dozens of antifungals with overlapping but distinct specificity. In this study, it was observed that growth resistance to specific Pdr5p substrates rose upon disruption of the YOR1 or SNQ2 coding region and was accompanied by increased efflux. Similarly, resistance to Yor1p- and Snq2p-specific substrates increased upon deletion of PDR5. The mRNA and protein levels of the respective transporters increased in parallel to drug resistance. beta-Galactosidase activity fused to the PDR5 or YOR1 promoter required the presence of Pdr1p and its specific binding sites for the compensatory induction, whereas Pdr3p had an inhibitory effect.
α‐Metallierte Enamine (1976)

Nucleophile α‐Aminoalkenylierungen gelingen mit α‐metallierten Enaminen ( 2 ), die man aus den α‐Halogenverbindungen ( 1 ) gewinnen kann. Die Bildung von ( 2 ) aus ( 1 ) entspricht einer Umpolung der Reaktivitäten der an der Doppelbindung beteiligten C‐Atome magnified image .
Adopting Microservices and DevOps in the Cyber-Physical Systems Domain: A Rapid Review and Case Study (2022)

The domain of cyber-physical systems (CPS) has recently seen strong growth, e.g., due to the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial domains, commonly referred to as "Industry 4.0". However, CPS challenges like the strong hardware focus can impact modern software development practices, especially in the context of modernizing legacy systems. While microservices and DevOps have been widely studied for enterprise applications, there is insufficient coverage for the CPS domain. Our goal is therefore to analyze the peculiarities of such systems regarding challenges and practices for using and migrating towards microservices and DevOps. We conducted a rapid review based on 146 scientific papers, and subsequently validated our findings in an interview-based case study with 9 CPS professionals in different business units at Siemens AG. The combined results picture the specifics of microservices and DevOps in the CPS domain. While several differences were revealed that may require adapted methods, many challenges and practices are shared with typical enterprise applications. Our study supports CPS researchers and practitioners with a summary of challenges, practices to address them, and research opportunities.
Holographic data storage (1998)

Research into and the development of data storage devices is a race to keep up with the continuing demand for more capacity, more density, and faster readout rates. Improvements in conventional memory technologies-magnetic hard disk drives, optical disks, and semiconductor memories-have managed to keep pace with the demand for bigger, faster memories. However, there is strong evidence that these two-dimensional surface storage technologies are approaching fundamental limits. An alternative approach for next-generation memories is to store data in three dimensions. This article describes developments in holographic 3D memories, in which high density is achieved by superimposing many holograms within the same volume of recording material. Holographic storage is a promising candidate for next-generation storage. Research has demonstrated that holographic storage systems with desirable properties can be engineered. The next step is to build these systems at costs competitive with those of existing technologies and to optimize the storage media.
Vertical Silicon Nanowire Platform for Low Power Electronics and Clean Energy Applications (2011)

This paper reviews the progress of the vertical top-down nanowire technology platform developed to explore novel device architectures and integration schemes for green electronics and clean energy applications. Under electronics domain, besides having ultimate scaling potential, the vertical wire offers (1) CMOS circuits with much smaller foot print as compared to planar transistor at the same technology node, (2) a natural platform for tunneling FETs, and (3) a route to fabricate stacked nonvolatile memory cells. Under clean energy harvesting area, vertical wires could provide (1) cost reduction in photovoltaic energy conversion through enhanced light trapping and (2) a fully CMOS compatible thermoelectric engine converting waste-heat into electricity. In addition to progress review, we discuss the challenges and future prospects with vertical nanowires platform.
Quantitative morphological studies of neuropathological changes. Part 1 (1982)

Quantitation of morphological changes in the nervous system is valuable for demonstrating different regions and cell types involved in a pathological process. Quantitative anatomical studies are numerous, whereas quantitations of pathological conditions are relatively few. This seems to be due partly to technical difficulties arising when comparing normal with pathological brain tissue. Shrinkage of the whole brain or of substructures is important but difficult to determine, and earlier studies are often inaccurate due to lack of precise measurement of this parameter. This review deals with three different technical aspects: (1) measurements at the macroscopical level, (2) the light microscopical morphometry, and (3) the stereological principles which are used primarily in electron microscopical quantitation. The most used techniques and formulas are reviewed in order to give an impression of the possibilities and requirements in quantitative neuropathology. After each of the major areas, macroscopical measurements, determination of nuclear and cell size and nuclear number, vascular network, and stereology, a few practical comments are given as well as references for further information on the topic. The quickly developing electronic image analysis is dealt with in the section on capillary network measurements and in the last, concluding section.
Differing Clinical Impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Serous Ovarian Cancer (2012)

A key function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is the participation in dsDNAbreak repair via homologous recombination. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, which occur in most hereditary ovarian cancers (OCs) and approximately 10% of all OC cases, are associated with defects in homologous recombination and genomic instability, a phenotype termed 'BRCAness'. The clinical effects of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have commonly been analyzed together; however, it is becoming increasingly apparent that these mutations do not have the same effects in OC. Recently, three major reports highlighted the unequal clinical characteristics of OCs with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. All studies demonstrated that BRCA2-mutated patients are associated with better survival and therapeutic response than BRCA1-mutated and wild-type patients with serous OC. The differing prognostic effects of the BRCA2 and BRCA1 mutations is likely due to differing roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombination repair and a stronger association between the BRCA2 mutation and a hypermutator phenotype. These new findings have potentially important implications for clinical management of patients with serous OC.
FLOW CONTROL WITH NONCIRCULAR JETS (1999)

▪ Abstract Noncircular jets have been the topic of extensive research in the last fifteen years. These jets were identified as an efficient technique of passive flow control that allows significant improvements of performance in various practical systems at a relatively low cost because noncircular jets rely solely on changes in the geometry of the nozzle. The applications of noncircular jets discussed in this review include improved large- and small-scale mixing in low- and high-speed flows, and enhanced combustor performance, by improving combustion efficiency, reducing combustion instabilities and undesired emissions. Additional applications include noise suppression, heat transfer, and thrust vector control (TVC). The flow patterns associated with noncircular jets involve mechanisms of vortex evolution and interaction, flow instabilities, and fine-scale turbulence augmentation. Stability theory identified the effects of initial momentum thickness distribution, aspect ratio, and radius of curvature on the initial flow evolution. Experiments revealed complex vortex evolution and interaction related to self-induction and interaction between azimuthal and axial vortices, which lead to axis switching in the mean flow field. Numerical simulations described the details and clarified mechanisms of vorticity dynamics and effects of heat release and reaction on noncircular jet behavior. The research on noncircular jets has also led to technology transfer. A topic that started as an academic curiosity—an interesting flow phenomenon—subsequently has had various industrial applications. The investigations reviewed include experimental, theoretical, numerical, and technological aspects of the subject.
The MAP kinase-interacting kinases (MNKs) as targets in oncology (2019)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are switched on by the oncogenic MAPK (ERK) signalling pathway. They phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E, a protein which recruits ribosomes to mRNAs and thereby mediates their translation. Importantly, overexpression of eIF4E can transform cells, and its function is controlled by a second oncogenic pathway, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1. Areas covered: We have evaluated the literature related to the role of the MNKs in human cancers, including their control by oncogenic signalling pathways; their expression and regulation in cancer cells and preclinical cancer models; and their roles in the proliferation, survival and migration/invasion of cancer cells. We also discuss progress towards generating specific and potent inhibitors of the MNKs and data obtained using such compounds. Expert opinion: The available data indicate that MNKs and/or eIF4E phosphorylation play a role in oncogenic transformation, the progression of at least some tumours and especially in processes related to tumour metastasis. MNKs are clearly druggable targets and, as they are not essential, significant 'side effects' of inhibiting the MNKs are likely to be limited. Further work is required to assess the efficacy of MNK inhibition in tackling tumour development, progression and metastasis.
Characterization of CTX-M ESBLs in Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Cairo, Egypt (2009)

This is the first report of CTX-M-14 in Kp and ENT isolates from Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa.
Neural network based corrosion modeling of Stainless Steel 316L elbow using electric field mapping data (2023)

Stainless steel (SS) is widely employed in industrial applications that demand superior corrosion resistance. Modeling its corrosion behavior in common structural and various operational scenarios is beneficial to provide wall-thickness (WT) information, thus leading to a predictive asset integrity regime. In this spirit, an approach to model the corrosion behavior of SS 316L using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is developed, whereby saline water at different concentrations is flown through an elbow structure at different flow rates and salt concentrations. Voltage, current, and temperature data are recorded hourly using electric field mapping (EFM) pins installed on the elbow surface, which serve as training data for the ANNs. The performance of corrosion modeling is verified by comparing the predicted WT with actual measurements obtained from experimental tests. The results show the exceptional performance of the proposed single ANN model to predict WT. The error is calculated by comparing the estimated WT and actual measurement recorded, where the maximum error for each setting is range from 0.5363 to [Formula: see text]. RMSE and MAE values of each pin in every setting are also computed such that the maximum values of RMSE and MAE are 0.0271 and 0.0266, respectively. Moreover, a concise account of the observed scale formation is also reported. This comprehensive study contributes to a better understanding of SS 316L corrosion and offers valuable insights for developing efficient strategies to prevent corrosion in industrial environments. By accurately predicting WT loss using ANNs, this approach enables proactive maintenance planning, minimizing the risk of structural failures and ensuring the extended sustainability of industrial assets.
Calculating protein–ligand binding affinities with MMPBSA: Method and error analysis (2016)

Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) methods have become widely adopted in estimating protein-ligand binding affinities due to their efficiency and high correlation with experiment. Here different computational alternatives were investigated to assess their impact to the agreement of MMPBSA calculations with experiment. Seven receptor families with both high-quality crystal structures and binding affinities were selected. First the performance of nonpolar solvation models was studied and it was found that the modern approach that separately models hydrophobic and dispersion interactions dramatically reduces RMSD's of computed relative binding affinities. The numerical setup of the Poisson-Boltzmann methods was analyzed next. The data shows that the impact of grid spacing to the quality of MMPBSA calculations is small: the numerical error at the grid spacing of 0.5 Å is already small enough to be negligible. The impact of different atomic radius sets and different molecular surface definitions was further analyzed and weak influences were found on the agreement with experiment. The influence of solute dielectric constant was also analyzed: a higher dielectric constant generally improves the overall agreement with experiment, especially for highly charged binding pockets. The data also showed that the converged simulations caused slight reduction in the agreement with experiment. Finally the direction of estimating absolute binding free energies was briefly explored. Upon correction of the binding-induced rearrangement free energy and the binding entropy lost, the errors in absolute binding affinities were also reduced dramatically when the modern nonpolar solvent model was used, although further developments were apparently necessary to further improve the MMPBSA methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Norovirus Infection and Acquired Immunity in 8 Countries: Results From the MAL-ED Study (2016)

The high prevalence of norovirus across 8 sites in highly variable epidemiologic settings and demonstration of protective immunity for GII infections provide support for investment in vaccine development.
Comparison of Field Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in Twelve Avocado Rootstock (1990)

Twelve avocado (Persea americana Mill.) rootstock selections were tip-grafted with a commercial scion, cv . Hass, and evaluated for their field resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Percentage difference in trunk cross-sectional area of the inoculated compared to uninoculated rootstock, the overall growth in trunk cross-sectional area, and visual rating of disease severity of the commercial scion were used to evaluate rootstock over 79 weeks. Avocado trees on the rootstock selections Thomas, Martin Grande (G75Sa, b, and c), Barr Duke, and D9 demonstrated the highest level of resistance to P. cinnamomi, whereas those on Topa Topa, Borchard, and G6 had the lowest levels. Trees on Duke 7, G1033, and Toro Canyon rootstock were intermediate in their levels of resistance. Among uninoculated rootstock, trees on Thomas and G6 exhibited the greatest growth in trunk cross-sectional area. whereas those on D9 showed the least.
Plant hormone metabolite profiling on the tissue and cell level (2016)

Phytohormones play crucial role in the control of various physiological processes. The major problem associated with phytohormone analysis is that the amount of phytohormones present endogenously in plant tissues is very low, usually in the range of fmol to pmol/g fresh weight [1]. High-resolution measurements of phytohormones are therefore necessary for physiological studies of their mode of action. Application of targeted metabolomics shows an optimal method for phytohormonal screening. Our work is focused on the development of high-throughput miniaturized purification methods for minute amounts of plant tissue (1 – 10 mg). Two novel approaches, a simple one-step purification protocol based on in-tip microSPE (micro Solid-Phase Extraction) and a class-specific miniaturized immunoaffinity chromatography method were utilized. In order to verify the effect of complex sample matrix of the whole method as well as its efficiency and analytical accuracy, the appropriate stable isotope-labelled internal standards have been prepared by the organic synthesis. We have also developed several fast chromatographic separations (UHPLC) and highly sensitive tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods for simultaneous profiling of the phytohormone metabolites. Moreover, we applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-marked cell types, combined with a highly sensitive LC-MS method for analysis of phytohormonal biosynthesis and homeostasis at cellular resolution.