gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Sensitivity of the Neuroendocrine-Reproductive Axis to the Antigonadotrophic Influence of Melatonin in Male Syrian Hamsters with Experimentally Altered Cortisol Rhythms (1985)

Two different experimental models were used to test if a temporal relationship exists between the rhythm of adrenal steroid secretion and the vulnerability of the hamster reproductive system to short photoperiod exposure or to the daily afternoon injection of melatonin. In the first experiment adrenalectomized hamsters were implanted with a cortisol pellet to provide a sustained, rather than rhythmic, level of the hormone. The animals were either placed in short photoperiod or given a daily afternoon melatonin injection. In both cases the gonads underwent atrophy. In the second experiment adrenalectomized hamsters were given a cortisol injection either in the morning (approx. 8 hr before the subsequent afternoon injection of melatonin) or in the afternoon (approx. 1 hr before the subsequent melatonin injection). Measurements of testicular and accessory organ weights 7 weeks later indicated regression of the reproductive system in both the groups when compared with their appropriate controls. Depressed levels of plasma LH, PRL, testosterone and thyroxine (T4) in these animals confirmed the melatonin induced gonadal collapse. The results suggest that apparently there is no temporal correlation between the rhythm of secretion of the adrenal steroids and the responsiveness of the reproductive system to late afternoon injection of melatonin. Interestingly, all the adrenalectomized cortisol injected control animals (not receiving melatonin) had depressed plasma LH and PRL while the testicular weights and plasma testosterone titers remain unaffected.
Templated J-Aggregate Nanotubes for the Detection of Dopamine (2017)

J-aggregates of dye molecules are a unique supramolecular structure, which shows great promise in photoelectric devices due to its remarkable optical and transport properties. In this paper, we report the templated formation of J-aggregate nanotubes by the adsorption of 3,3’-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide on the self-assembled nanotubes of lithocholic acid. The optical and electronic properties of the templated J-aggregate nanotubes are studied. A sensor platform is fabricated by depositing the J-aggregate nanotubes on interdigitated gold electrodes for the detection of dopamine (DA). We find that the current change of the J-aggregate nanotube-based sensor platform in response to DA is linear in the concentration range from 10 nM to 70 nM, giving the detection limit of 0.27 nM.
Impact of stearic acid and oleic acid on hemostatic factors in the context of controlled diets consumed by healthy men (2014)

The effects of stearic acid (STA) on cardiovascular disease risk beyond lipid and lipoprotein risk factors, including hemostasis, are unclear, particularly when compared with unsaturated fatty acids. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of STA with those of oleic acid (OL) on markers of hemostasis. In a randomized crossover study, 50 men consumed six controlled diets for 5 weeks each (39% energy from fat, 15% energy from protein, 46% energy from carbohydrate (CHO)). Fat (8% energy) was replaced across diets by: STA, OL, CHO (control), trans fatty acids (TFAs), TFA/STA and 12:0-16:0 saturated fatty acids. Factor VIIc, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasmin alpha-2-antiplasmin complex concentrations were not different between OL and STA (P>0.05). Compared with control, OL increased factor VIIc and PAI-1 (P≤0.05), whereas there were no differences with STA (P>0.05). STA and OL similarly affect markers of hemostasis in healthy men, within the context of a highly controlled diet.
Cover Image (2021)

The cover image is based on the Operative Techniques Transoral robotic submandibular gland transposition to reconstruct radical tonsillar resection defects by Allen Young et al., HYPERLINK “https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26622”.
Comparing the predictive ability of a commercial artificial intelligence early warning system with physician judgement for clinical deterioration in hospitalised general internal medicine patients: a prospective observational study (2019)

NCT02648828.
Insulin-like growth factor-I induces cyclin-D1 expression in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. (1994)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate cell division by modulating events occurring during the prereplicative (G1) phase of the cell cycle, but identification of the critical events has proved difficult. Recent observations suggest that progression through the cell cycle is dependent on the activation of a group of serine-threonine-specific protein kinases whose activities are regulated by accessory proteins, termed cyclins. The identification of cyclin species expressed during G1 has led to the hypothesis that modulation of cyclin expression may be the critical event regulated by growth factors. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether the IGFs regulate the expression of specific G1 cyclins in MG63, a human cell line that is unusually responsive to IGF, and to characterize this effect. We found that in these cells IGF-I stimulates the cyclin-dependent kinases, and that stimulation is associated with an increase in cyclin-D1 mRNA and protein expression. The increase in cyclin-D1 occurs early in G1 and corresponds to the portion of the cell cycle in which IGF acts on these cells. The increase in cyclin-D1 mRNA is due at least in part to an increase in the rate of transcription initiation of the gene. The mRNA levels of cyclin-B1 (a G2 cyclin) and two cyclin-dependent kinases, cdc2 and cdk2, also increased in response to IGF, but at later times. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that IGF modulation of D-type cyclin expression plays a role in the regulation of cell replication.
A Survey of Application Level Intrusion Detection (2004)

This survey presents research for intrusion detection at the application level. The current approaches to intrusion detection are discussed and the aspects of collection, analysis and reaction models are introduced. The need for intrusion detection at application level is dis- cussed. The majority of the survey introduces, categorizes and explains the past and present research efforts on the application level. This survey is part of Trust Based on Evidence (TuBE) project.
Pembrolizumab for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with docetaxel: Updated analysis of KEYNOTE-199. (2019)

216 Background: Previously presented data from cohorts (C) 1-3 of the phase 2 KEYNOTE-199 study (n = 258; NCT02787005) showed that pembrolizumab monotherapy had antitumor activity and acceptable safety in patients (pts) with mCRPC previously treated with next-generation hormonal agents (NHAs; eg, abiraterone, enzalutamide) and docetaxel. Activity was observed for both PD-L1–positive and negative cohorts and in RECIST-measurable and bone-predominant disease. We present data from KEYNOTE-199 C1, C2, and C3 based on longer-follow-up. Methods: C1 enrolled 133 pts with RECIST-measurable, PD-L1–positive disease, C2 enrolled 66 pts with RECIST-measurable, PD-L1–negative disease, and C3 enrolled 59 pts with nonmeasurable, bone-predominant disease. All pts had ECOG PS 0-2 and received ≥1 NHA and 1-2 prior chemotherapies including docetaxel. Pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W was given for 35 cycles or until PD or intolerable toxicity. Response was assessed Q9W in yr 1, then Q12W. Primary end point was ORR per RECIST v1.1 by central review. Key secondary end points included DCR (CR + PR + SD ≥6 mo), duration of response (DOR), OS, and safety. Results: Median follow-up as of Aug 21, 2018, was 9.5 mo in C1, 7.9 mo in C2, and 14.1 mo in C3. ORR (95% CI) was 5% (2-11) in C1 and 3% ( &lt; 1-11) in C2. DCR was 10% in C1, 9% in C2, and 22% in C3 per RECIST v1.1. Median (range) DOR was not reached (1.9-21.8+ mo) in C1 and 10.6 mo (4.4-16.8) in C2; KM estimates of DOR ≥12 mo were 71% and 50%. Median (95% CI) OS was 9.5 mo (6.4-11.9) in C1, 7.9 mo (5.9-10.2) in C2, and 14.1 (10.8-17.6) in C3. 12-mo OS rates were 41% in C1, 35% in C2, and 62% in C3; 18-mo rates were 30%, 21%, and 36%. Grade 3-5 drug-related AE rates were 15% in C1, 14% in C2, and 17% in C3. There were 2 drug-related deaths (n = 1 each sepsis and pneumonitis). Conclusions: Pembrolizumab shows antitumor activity and disease control with acceptable safety in RECIST-measurable and bone-predominant mCRPC previously treated with NHAs and docetaxel. Responses are durable, and the observed OS benefit is promising. Clinical trial information: NCT02787005.
Effect of lactoperoxidase on the antimicrobial effectiveness of the thiocyanate hydrogen peroxide combination in a quantitative suspension test (2009)

The tested thiocyanate and H2O2 mixtures showed no relevant antimicrobial effect. However, by adding lactoperoxidase enzyme, the mixtures became not only an effective bactericidal (Streptococcus mutans and sanguinis) but also a fungicidal (Candida albicans) agent.
Activation of the Leukocyte NADPH Oxidase Subunit p47phox by Protein Kinase C. A Phosphorylation-Dependent Change in the Conformation of the C-Terminal End of p47phox (1997)

The leukocyte NADPH oxidase of neutrophils is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the production of O2- from oxygen using NADPH as electron donor. Dormant in resting neutrophils, the enzyme acquires catalytic activity when the cells are exposed to appropriate stimuli. During activation, the cytosolic oxidase components p47phox and p67phox migrate to the plasma membrane, where they associate with cytochrome b558, a membrane-bound flavohemoprotein, to assemble the active oxidase. An essential element of the activation process is the phosphorylation of p47phox, an event that accompanies oxidase activation in whole cells and can activate the oxidase in a cell-free system. We show here that the phosphorylation of p47phox leads to a substantial decrease in the reactivity of cysteine C378 toward N-ethylmaleimide, indicating the occurrence of a conformational change involving the C-terminal region of p47phox. A similar conformational change occurs when p47phox is exposed to arachidonate, one of a number of anionic detergents that activate the oxidase in the cell-free system. We propose that this change in conformation results in the appearance of a binding site through which p47phox interacts with cytochrome b558 during the activation process.
The Controllable Delivery of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs Using Starch Nanoparticle-based Clusters (2020)

Despite the number of treatment methods currently available, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in Canada and worldwide. It is therefore critical that new and more effective means of combating this disease be developed. Nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their use in cancer diagnostics, imaging, and most critically in chemotherapeutic drug delivery. One such example is starch nanoparticles (SNPs), which can penetrate dense tumour cores based on their small size and have the capacity to be functionalized and loaded with different types of chemotherapeutic drugs. The size of SNPs, however, limits their potential to reach tumours due to their rapid clearance from the body. To address this challenge, we have fabricated electrostatic complexes – or nanoclusters – composed of cationic SNPs and anionic charge-switchable polymers that remain stable at physiological pH (7.4) and disassemble to release the highly penetrable SNPs when exposed to the acidic (6.5) microenvironment associated with tumours. Furthermore, recent research has indicated that the administration of certain combinations of chemotherapeutic agents can increase the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy while reducing the necessary dose to achieve remission. One example of this is the administration of the relatively hydrophobic EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (Erl), which can synergize cancer cell apoptosis with the more hydrophilic DNA damaging agent doxorubicin (Dox). Here, we reveal the ability to engineer two functionalized SNP variants capable of loading either Dox or Erl that can subsequently be used in nanocluster formation to deliver synergistic antitumour therapy in vitro and in vivo. Though drug loading and dual SNP carrying nanocluster formation remain to be assessed, SNP variant synthesis is an important step towards generating multi-drug delivering nanoclusters.
Synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MnO 2 composite magnetic submicrospheres as adsorbent for methyl orange decolouration (2015)

Core–shell–shell composite (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MnO 2 ) submicrospheres were successfully synthesised by homogeneous precipitation of MnO 2 on Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 spheres, which were prepared by a modified sol–gel method with the presence of Fe 3 O 4 particles. The synthesised multilayer‐structured nanocomposites were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The results show that the magnetic Fe 3 O 4 cores were well wrapped by the intermediate layer of SiO 2 with a thickness of 40 nm in the amorphous phase, and the MnO 2 nanoparticles with a diameter not exceeding 10 nm were attached on the SiO 2 shell. The magnetic measurements indicated that the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MnO 2 submicrospheres were of superparamagnetism with the saturation magnetisation of 29.41 eum/g. At the same time, the submicrospheres demonstrated a high chemical adsorption activity for methyl orange (MO) decolouration with efficiency of up to 93.76% within 1 h. Moreover, the submicrospheres were found to be stable under repeated applications of up to five successive cycles with a near constant adsorption activity after regeneration. It is expected that the adsorbent could be used for trace pollutants (MO) removal from water and recycled owing to its superparamagnetism properties and high adsorption activity.
Sensor self-diagnostics for piezoelectric transducers operating in harsh temperature environments (2011)

In many condition and health monitoring applications, it is necessary to be able to differentiate between response characteristics that result from structural and sensor specific damage types. An investigation is presented in this paper that considers the effectiveness of sensor self-diagnostic techniques for piezoelectric-based transducers that operate in harsh temperature environments. The motivation behind this work is to develop a method for interrogating sensor health when embedded within high-cost research systems. The theoretical basis for this approach is first presented, along with several analytical test cases in which temperature effects are examined within models of the piezoelectric transducer. Following this, a series of experiments are presented in which transducers with varying types and degrees of damage are subject to repeated temperature cycling from cryogenic to room temperature. The results of this study indicate that capacitive-based self-diagnostic techniques are capable of detecting both sensor delamination and cracking at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures.
Power-Efficiency Enhanced Thermally Tunable Bragg Grating for Silica-on-Silicon Photonics (2015)

A thermally tunable Bragg grating device has been fabricated in a silica-on-silicon integrated optical chip, incorporating a suspended microbeam improving power efficiency. A waveguide and Bragg grating are defined through the middle of the microbeam via direct ultraviolet writing. A tuning range of 0.4 nm (50 GHz) is demonstrated at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. Power consumption during wavelength tuning is measured at 45 pm/mW, which is a factor of 90 better than reported values for similar bulk thermally tuned silica-on-silicon planar devices. The response time to a step change in heating is longer by a similar factor, as expected for a highly power-efficient device. The fabrication procedure involves a deep micromilling process, as well as wet etching and metal deposition. With this response, the device would be suitable for trimming applications and wherever low modulation frequencies are acceptable. A four-point-probe-based temperature measurement was also done to ascertain the temperature reached during tuning and found an average volume temperature of 48 °C, corresponding to 0.4 nm of tuning. The role of stress-induced buckling in device fabrication is included.
Stochastic forcing to a linearized Navier-Stokes based model for laminar compressible boundary layers (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1370.vid We consider a linearized Navier–Stokes based model for compressible laminar boundary layers and study the response of these equations to stochastic white-in-time forcing. In particular we look at the different components of the forcing and the response of this linear model with the aim of understanding how the different mechanisms captured by the model change with increasing compressibility effects. We therefore analyze the response of the linear operator to individual components of forcing, i.e. the forcing to each of the momentum equations, the continuity and the energy equations of the linear operator. We also analyze the response obtained in the three components of velocity, in density and in temperature individually. For a fixed Reynolds number of Re=400, we consider Mach numbers ranging between Ma=0.05 and Ma=10 and different wall-cooling ratios. We find that, for all the Mach numbers considered here, the most amplified structures are the streamwise streaks forced by streamwise vortices. Previous studies have shown that these modes are highly amplified in the incompressible regime as well. However, as the Mach number increases, the contribution of the streamwise velocity to these streaks decrease, and the contribution of density and temperature to the streaks increase. Finally, we briefly look at the resolvent operator of the flow, and find that all the components of the forcing are important for the amplification of the Mach waves of the flow, and these modes are not captured by the stochastically forced model.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 16/2008 (2008)

Front Cover: The cover picture shows a cartoon representation of emission colors of terpyridine–lanthanide complexes attached along a polymer backbone. A recent study of these terpyridine‐containing polymers with various concentrations of Dy(III), Eu(III), and Tb(III) demonstrated the ability to generate a variety of colors, including true white light. Continued progress in synthetic chemistry and macromolecular characterization will enable advanced materials from these metal‐ligated polymers. Further details can be found in the article by R. Shunmugam and G. N. Tew * on page 1355. Dr. Morris Slutsky is acknowledged for assistance with the cover image.
Time and dose effect of transdermal nicotine on endothelial function (2000)

Nicotine patches are available as an over-the-counter medication for aid in smoking cessation. This study was designed to determine how nicotine patch therapy over time and dose ranges used in smoking cessation programs in humans affects endothelium-dependent relaxations. Dogs were treated with nicotine patches (11, 22, or 44 mg/day) for 2 and 5 wk. Circulating nicotine and oxidized products of nitric oxide (NOx) were measured. Coronary arteries were prepared for measurement of isometric force and aortic endothelial cells were prepared for measurement of mRNA or NO synthase (NOS) activity. Circulating nicotine increased with increasing concentrations of nicotine patches. After 5 wk of treatment with 22 mg/day patches, circulating NOx was reduced but NOS activity was increased. NOS mRNA was similar among groups. Only after 5 wk of treatment with 22 mg/day patches were endothelium-dependent relaxations reduced to alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists, ADP, and the calcium ionophore A-23187. These results suggest a time and biphasic dose effect of nicotine treatment on endothelium-dependent responses that may be related to bioavailability of NO. This complex relationship of duration and dose of nicotine treatment may explain, in part, discrepancies in effects of nicotine on endothelium-dependent responses.
The study on the hepatic resection with CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser knife (1980)

Liver resection with the carbon dioxide laser was carried out in mongrel dogs and compared with the other methods of removing liver.The group of liver resection with the carbon dioxide laser had earlier recovery of postoperative hepatic function than the other groups, and had only slight histological changes of the liver.It is considered that the carbon dioxide laser knife is useful to perform hepatic resection.It is the important problem that hemostatic capability was decreased when the radiated field was covered with blood. It is, therefore, important to have the dry field for hemostasis with the laser radiation.
Reaction of 1-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine with mineral acids (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 1-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine with mineral acidsR. E. Lyle, W. E. Krueger, and V. E. GunnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 20, 3574–3575Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00168a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00168a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calculation of Liver‐to‐Blood Inocula, Parasite Growth Rates, and Preerythrocytic Vaccine Efficacy, from Serial Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Studies of Volunteers Challenged with Malaria Sporozoites (2005)

We calculated the number and growth rate of Plasmodium falciparum parasites emerging in recipients of candidate preerythrocytic malaria vaccines and unvaccinated control subjects undergoing mosquito-bite challenge. This was done to measure vaccine efficacy and to distinguish the effects on blood-stage multiplication from those on liver-stage parasites. Real-time polymerase chain reaction measurements of parasite densities were analyzed by nonlinear regression and mixed-effects models. Substantial reductions in numbers of liver parasites resulted from the use of 2 immunization regimens: FP9 boosted by modified virus Ankara (MVA) encoding the malaria epitope-thrombospondin-related adhesion protein insert (92% reduction) and RTS,S/AS02 used in heterologous prime-boost immunization regimens, with MVA encoding the circumsporozoite protein (97% reduction). Forty-eight-hour growth rates in blood from control subjects were not different from those in blood from any vaccination group (mean, 14.4-fold [95% confidence interval, 11-19-fold]).