gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of free β‐hCG in antenatal screening for Down's syndrome (1994)

Objective: To investigate the value of the measurement of free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) as a serum marker of Down's syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. 

Design: A prospective observational study using stored antenatal serum samples. 

Setting: Serum samples collected from women receiving routine antenatal care in Oxford. 

Subjects: Seventy-five singleton pregnancies with fetal Down's syndrome and 367 unaffected singleton pregnancies. Each affected pregnancy was matched with five control pregnancies for maternal age, gestational age, and duration of storage of the serum sample. None of the pregnancies were associated with neural tube defects. 

Main study measures: Maternal serum free beta-hCG levels. These were compared with total hCG levels in the same pregnancies. The performance of screening using free beta-hCG was compared with that using the principal markers, namely alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated oestriol (uE3), and total hCG together with maternal age. 

Results: The median free beta-hCG level in the affected pregnancies was 2.22 multiples of the normal median (MoM), significantly higher than in the unaffected pregnancies (95% confidence interval, 1.84-2.68 MoM). The discriminatory performances of free beta-hCG and total hCG, each considered separately, were similar; with a cut-off level of 2.5 MoM the detection rate was 43% and 5.7 of unaffected pregnancies had raised free beta-hCG levels (likelihood ratio of 7.5 (43/5.7)), somewhat better discrimination than the 32% and 4.6% respectively using total hCG (likelihood ratio of 7.0 (32/4.6)). With a higher cut-off level of 3.5 MoM, the rates were 19% and 2.7% respectively (likelihood ratio of 7.0), using free beta-hCG, worse than the 19% and 1.4% using total hCG (likelihood ratio of 13.6). Screening using maternal age, AFP, uE3 and free beta-hCG (instead of total hCG) yielded a detection rate of 62% (instead of 58%) at a screening risk cut-off level corresponding to a 5% false-positive rated). 

Conclusion: The main advantage in using free beta-hCG instead of total hCG is that there is a small increase in the detection rate (4%) for a given false-positive rate when used with maternal age, AFP and uE3. The main disadvantage is that there is less practical experience with free beta-hCG measurement and insufficient data to screen in certain categories of pregnancy (e.g. twins). The best practical advice is to use total hCG for the present but consider changing to free beta-hCG either (i) after further data are available that will permit the interpretation of screening results in the same way as is currently available with total hCG, or (ii) if its use with another marker confers a worthwhile increase in the detection rate for a given false-positive rate.
[Experimental bases and prospects for the use of humic acid preparations from peat in medicine and agricultural production]. (1991)

The analysis of action of physiologically active peat substances--a complex of humic acids is given. Using the pharmaco-biological tests and modelling of the diseases a high antitoxic effect of sodium humate and possibility to use it in medicine, veterinary science and animal husbandry as nonspecific pharmacy raising the organism resistance to the action of different unfavourable factors is proved.
Proteomes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Growing in Human Urine and in J82 Urinary Bladder Cells (2022)

Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) are the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). UPEC normally reside in the intestine, and during establishment of UTI, they undergo metabolic adaptations, first to urine and then upon tissue invasion to the bladder cell interior. To understand these adaptations, we used quantitative proteomic profiling to characterize protein expression of the UPEC strain UTI89 growing in human urine and when inside J82 bladder cells. In order to facilitate detection of UPEC proteins over the excess amount of eukaryotic proteins in bladder cells, we developed a method where proteins from UTI89 grown in MOPS and urine was spiked-in to enhance detection of bacterial proteins. More than 2000 <i>E. coli</i> proteins were detected. During growth in urine, proteins associated with iron acquisition and several amino acid uptake and biosynthesis systems, most prominently arginine metabolism, were significantly upregulated. During growth in J82 cells, proteins related to iron uptake and arginine metabolisms were likewise upregulated together with proteins involved in sulfur compound turnover. Ribosomal proteins were downregulated relative to growth in MOPS in this environment. There was no direct correlation between upregulated proteins and proteins reported to be essential for infections, showing that upregulation during growth does not signify that the proteins are essential for growth under a condition.
High Power Nanosecond Pulse Laser Driver Using an GaN FET (2018)

Lidar optical time-of-flight measurement has become an important method of accurate determination of distance to remote targets. Some lidar applications, such as 3-D continuous mapping for autonomous vehicles, demand both accuracy and a high measurement sample rate. To meet these demands, the optical transmitter must be able to generate high power pulses of very short duration, typically accomplished by driving a laser diode with very short, high current pulses. This paper presents a laser diode driver which uses gallium nitride power FETs to generate current pulses with peak values of > 35 A and pulse widths < 4 ns with commercially available components and conventional printed circuit board technology. Finally, recent improvements will show that pulse widths <2 ns are possible.
Two techniques for minimizing power dissipation in scan circuits during test application (2002)

Two techniques for reducing power dissipation during test application, when scan test structure is used, are proposed. Problems required to exploit these techniques are defined. They are shown to be intractable. Heuristics required to exploit the proposed techniques are discussed. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Archaeal/Eukaryal RNase P: subunits, functions and RNA diversification (2010)

RNase P, a catalytic ribonucleoprotein (RNP), is best known for its role in precursor tRNA processing. Recent discoveries have revealed that eukaryal RNase P is also required for transcription and processing of select non-coding RNAs, thus enmeshing RNase P in an intricate network of machineries required for gene expression. Moreover, the RNase P RNA seems to have been subject to gene duplication, selection and divergence to generate two new catalytic RNPs, RNase MRP and MRP-TERT, which perform novel functions encompassing cell cycle control and stem cell biology. We present new evidence and perspectives on the functional diversification of the RNase P RNA to highlight it as a paradigm for the evolutionary plasticity that underlies the extant broad repertoire of catalytic and unexpected regulatory roles played by RNA-driven RNPs.
Fusion of Statistical and Structural Information for Flowchart Recognition (2013)

A critical step of on-line handwritten diagram recognition is the segmentation between text and symbols. It is still an open problem in several approaches of the literature. However, for a human operator, text/symbol segmentation is an easy task and does not even need understanding diagram semantics. It is done thanks to the use of both structural knowledge and statistical analysis. A human operator knows what is a symbol and how to distinguish a good symbol from a bad one in a list of candidates. We propose to reproduce this perceptive mechanism by introducing some statistical information inside of a grammatical method for document structure recognition, in order to combine both structural an statistical knowledge. This approach is applied to flowchart recognition on a freely available database. The results demonstrate the interest of combining statistical and structural information for perceptive vision in diagram recognition.
Prostate cancer incidence in males with Lynch syndrome. (2013)

366 Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes and increases the risk of colon and several other cancers. Prostate cancer is not currently considered part of the LS-tumor spectrum. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess whether the incidence of prostate cancer is increased above that of the general population in MMR mutation carriers. Methods: Patients who were identified as MMR mutation carriers and included in previous LS studies or evaluated at the genetics clinic at The Ohio State University were contacted and their cancer history documented. Follow-up time was defined as the time between their first index cancer or their entry onto the LS studies until the last date of follow-up or date of death, whichever came first. The prostate cancer incidence was adjusted for age and race and compared to that of the SEER registry of 1999-2009. A standardized rate ratio (SRR) was obtained by comparing the observed rate to the expected rate. Results: 186 males (median age 49 years, range 17-83) were identified as MMR mutation carriers either by testing (95%) or as obligate carriers (5%) in 94 families. Their mean follow-up time was 5.1 years (SD+/-6.0 years) with a total of 938 person-years (p-ys). Caucasians comprised 95.1% of the cohort, African-Americans 3.8% and Asians 1.1%. Of the patients who were tested for mutations, MSH2 was most commonly mutated (49.2%), followed by MLH1 (23.7%), PMS2 (14.7%) and MSH6 (12.4%). Ten patients (5.4%), all Caucasian, were diagnosed with prostate cancer at a median age of 59 years (range 52-82). 7 patients were identified as MSH2 carriers, 2 as MSH6 carriers and 1 as a PMS2 carrier. The observed incidence rate was 102.8 cases per 100,000 p-ys versus the expected number of 158.2 cases per 100,000 p-ys, the standardized rate ratio was 0.65 (95% CI 0.53-0.79). Conclusions: Prostate cancer incidence was not increased in this relatively large cohort of LS patients.
Effect of Ce substitution on the local magnetic ordering and phonon instabilities in antiferromagnetic DyCrO3 perovskites (2022)

A detailed crystal structure analysis, temperature and field dependence of magnetic characteristics and phonon instabilities for different compositions (0.1 ⩽<i>x</i>⩽ 0.5) of Dy<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ce<sub><i>x</i></sub>CrO<sub>3</sub>solid-solutions have been reported. All the investigated compounds exhibit distorted orthorhombic crystal structure with a distortion factor of<i>d</i><sub>Oct</sub>/<i>d</i><sub>Cell</sub>∼ 6 × 10<sup>-3</sup>/3.5 ppm (for<i>x</i>∼ 0.2) for<i>Pbnm</i>space group that follows Vegard's law. The bonds between apical oxygen atoms (O<sub>A1</sub>) and Cr atoms stand more rigidly in comparison with the basal oxygen atoms (O<sub>B1</sub>/O<sub>B2</sub>) resulting the octahedral distortion and thereby causing the changes in phonon modes. The CrO<sub>6</sub>octahedral tilt angle<i>θ</i>rotates with respect to the Miller pseudocubic axis [101] which varies from 10.36° (<i>x</i>= 0.1) to 12.25° (<i>x</i>= 0.5) and significantly influences the A<sub>g</sub>(5) phonon stability by 3% for a change in A-site mean radius from 1.095 Å to 1.141 Å for<i>x</i>= 0.1 and 0.5, respectively. From the magnetization measurements we find that these series of compositions exhibit canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering with Néel temperature,TN1that increases from 151.8 K (<i>x</i>= 0.1) to 162 K (<i>x</i>= 0.5) which also manifests as a significant reduction in the magneto-crystalline anisotropy (<i>H</i><sub>K</sub>∼ 2.58 kOe → 2.07 kOe,<i>K</i><sub>1</sub>∼ 36.47 J m<sup>-3</sup>→ 18.97 J m<sup>-3</sup>) while maintaining the stable Γ<sub>4</sub>(<i>G</i><sub><i>x</i></sub>,<i>A</i><sub><i>y</i></sub>,<i>F</i><sub><i>z</i></sub>) AFM configuration. Both Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction method and modified Curie-Weiss law are employed to analyse the inverse paramagnetic susceptibility,<i>χ</i><sup>-1</sup>(<i>T</i>>TN1). Further, we have evaluated the symmetric (<i>J</i><sub>S</sub>) and antisymmetric exchange (<i>D</i><sub>AS</sub>) constants, which show progressively increasing trend (<i>J</i><sub>S</sub>→ 10.08 K to 11.18 K and<i>D</i><sub>AS</sub>→ 1.24 K to 1.73 K) with the incorporation of Ce inside the perovskite lattice. Furthermore, the role of Ce substitution on the low-temperature spin reorientation transition (<i>T</i><sub>SR</sub>∼ 3.5 K → 16.8 K pertaining to the Γ<sub>25</sub>phase configuration) and emergence ofΓ2(Fx,Cy,Gz;FxR,CyR)weak-FM phase between 31 K and 45.5 K are discussed in consonance with the phonon spectra.
Once-weekly somapacitan vs daily GH in children with GH deficiency: results from a randomized phase 2 trial (2020)

The REAL 3 multicenter randomized, controlled, double-blind phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of different doses of once-weekly Somapacitan, compared to conventional once-daily GH in 59 prepubertal GHD children. The treatment period lasted 26 weeks and an additional extension to 52 weeks. At week 26, height velocity (HV) was 7.8, 10.9 and 13.1 cm/year, respectively, for the three increasing doses of Somapacitan (0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mg/kg per week) compared to 11.4 cm/year on daily GH (0.034 mg/kg per day). The corresponding HV at 52 weeks were 7.5, 9.7 and 11.7 cm/year for Somapacitan, and 9.9 cm/year for daily GH. Similar effects of the different treatment regimens were observed on heights gain from baseline. The Somapacitan dose 0.16 mg/kg per week was considered to have an efficacy overlapping that of conventional daily GH. A PK/PD model used to derive individual IGF-I profiles and IGF-I average levels showed that Somapacitan 0.16 mg/kg per week provided IGF-I levels equivalent to daily GH. No major side effect was reported and the overall safety profile was not different among the treatment groups.
Thompson Sampling on Asymmetric $α$-Stable Bandits (2022)

In algorithm optimization in reinforcement learning, how to deal with the exploration-exploitation dilemma is particularly important. Multi-armed bandit problem can optimize the proposed solutions by changing the reward distribution to realize the dynamic balance between exploration and exploitation. Thompson Sampling is a common method for solving multi-armed bandit problem and has been used to explore data that conform to various laws. In this paper, we consider the Thompson Sampling approach for multi-armed bandit problem, in which rewards conform to unknown asymmetric $α$-stable distributions and explore their applications in modelling financial and wireless data.
Synthesis of Reversible Synchronous Counters (2011)

Reversible logic is very important in low-power circuit design and quantum computing. Though a significant number of works has been done on reversible combinational logic synthesis, only few papers have been published on reversible sequential logic synthesis and per mutative quantum automata. The reported works on reversible sequential logic discuss designs of reversible flip-flops and suggest synthesizing reversible sequential circuits by replacing the flip-flops and combinational parts of traditional sequential circuit designs by their reversible counterparts. In this paper, we discuss direct design of reversible synchronous counters based on positive polarity Reed-Muller expressions. Design results show that the direct design method is more efficient than the replacement method. The method can be also applied to per mutative quantum automata that have quantum memories external to the circuit.
P4‐209: THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON SPATIAL COGNITION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: THE ADFH STUDY (2019)

To know if spatial cognition can be biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the effect of (aerobic and resistance) exercise on it, a three-year project has been undertaken. We invited cognitively unimpaired individuals, either without (CU) or with family history of AD (ADFH) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD or CDR 1.0 AD to join the study. We used the Questionnaire on Everyday Navigation Ability (QuENA) to assess their everyday navigation ability. The tests for spatial cognition were taken on a university campus. While taking a stroll on a 600-meter route, the participants were instructed to press a key on a plate PC when they thought they had reached each of the five carefully chosen target waypoints as told before the experiments. Pai-Jan device, which is developed by our team, automatically recorded participants’ responses and traced the route they had walked on. We measured linear deviation in meters produced at each waypoint as an indicator for sense of location (SoL). Upon 31 Dec 2018, a total of 107 participants, including 23 CU, 42 ADFH, 24 MCI and 18 AD, completed the pre-intervention study. Their mean age, education years, MMSE, total QuENA score are 67 (7) mean (SD), 13 (4), 28 (3), 5.9 (3.3) for CU, 60 (7), 14 (3), 28 (2), 5.8 (3.9) for ADFH, 70 (7), 11 (3), 25 (4), 8.2(5.3) for MCI and 70 (9), 8 (4), 16 (8), 13.1 (6.8) for AD respectively. No difference was detected in either time or distance perception among the groups. The linear deviation showed 17.1 (10.2), 22.8 (17.3), 24.5 (19.7) and 59.7 (41.0) meters in CU, ADFH, MCI and AD respectively. The total score and scores of sub-items of the QuENA and the SoL are well correlated. The SoL is more impaired in AD than in MCI, ADFH and CHC, and a gradient is observed among the four groups. This may reflect the pathological and clinical severity. SoL as a potential biomarker for AD, however, is in need of further examination. The effect of exercise on spatial cognition in these groups will be reported in the future.
Reaction Mechanism of the Decomposition of Acetic Acid on Illuminated TiO2 Powder Studied by Means of in Situ Electron Spin Resonance Measurements (1996)

The existence of methyl radicals in the photo-Kolbe reaction was confirmed by means of in situ measurements with flow electron spin resonance for deuterated acetic acid. From the dependence of the flow rate, two reaction paths were deduced for methyl radical formation. These were assigned to those caused by trapped holes and •OH radicals. It is suggested that the former path is dominant when platinum has not been loaded onto TiO2 powder.
REMOTE PASSIVE ROAD ICE SENSOR SYSTEM (RPRISS) (1997)

The Remote Passive Road Ice Sensor System (RPRISS) is a passive infrared (IR) imaging system that can detect the presence of even very thin layers of ice on a paved surface. The system can also accurately estimate road surface temperature and provide television-like surveillance of traffic in the area. It may have applications as a replacement or supplement to visible-light video surveillance systems in ice-critical areas. It may also have mobile applications as an environmental sensor mounted on anti-icing or deicing operation vehicles. The sensor measures the polarization properties of IR radiation from the roadway and clearly delineates iced areas on a video display screen.
Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusClones, Western Australia (2006)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first reported in Western Australia in the early 1990s from indigenous peoples living in remote areas. Although a statewide policy of screening all hospital patients and staff who have lived outside the state for MRSA has prevented the establishment of multidrug-resistant epidemic MRSA, the policy has not prevented SCCmec type IV and type V MRSA clones from becoming established. Of the 4,099 MRSA isolates analyzed (referred to the Gram-positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit) from July 2003 to December 2004, 77.5% were community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Using multilocus sequence/staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec typing, 22 CA-MRSA clones were characterized. Of these isolates, 55.5% were resistant to >1 non-beta-lactam antimicrobial drug. Five Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive CA-MRSA clones were identified. The emergence of multidrug-resistant CA-MRSA clones and the detection of PVL toxin genes in clones previously reported as PVL negative is a major public health concern.
Differential effects of hippocampal ablations on dispositional and representational memory in the rat. (1988)

Long-Evans rats with electrolytic hippocampal ablations exhibited chronic impairment in performance on a spatial delayed nonmatching-to-sample task in the arms of a T-maze. The same rats exhibited only mild deficits, which disappeared with practice in dispositional memory-dependent discrimination in the stem. Both types of discrimination were learned rapidly preoperatively with no marked positive or negative interaction between types of discrimination. The present results suggest that hippocampal lesions in rats have far more serious consequences on the performance of representational memory-dependent tasks than similar lesions in monkeys. In agreement with our past studies, the present experiment demonstrated that dispositional and representational memory systems in rodents have at least partially distinct anatomical substrates in brain.
Vaccines with MF59 Adjuvant Expand the Antibody Repertoire to Target Protective Sites of Pandemic Avian H5N1 Influenza Virus (2010)

Vaccines against influenza viruses with pandemic potential, including H5N1, are under development. Because of a lack of preexisting immunity to these viruses, adjuvants (immune potentiators or enhancers) are needed to improve immune responses, to conserve scarce vaccine, and for cross-protection against strains that have drifted evolutionarily from the original. Aluminum-based adjuvants do not improve vaccine immunogenicity for influenza subunit vaccines, whereas oil-in-water adjuvants are effective, especially with H5N1-inactivated vaccines. We used whole-genome-fragment phage display libraries followed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technologies to elucidate the effect of different adjuvants on the antibody repertoire against H5N1 vaccine in humans. The oil-in-water adjuvant MF59 induced epitope spreading from HA2 to HA1 in hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase relative to unadjuvanted or aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines. Moreover, we observed an increase by a factor of 20 in the frequency of HA1-to-HA2-specific phage clones in sera after MF59-adjuvanted vaccine administration and a factor of 2 to 3 increase in the avidity of antibodies binding to properly folded HA1(28-319), as measured by SPR. The adjuvant-dependent increase in binding to conformational HA1 epitopes correlated with broadening of cross-clade neutralization and predicted improved in vivo protection. Thus, MF59 adjuvant improves the immune response to a H5N1 vaccine by inducing qualitative and quantitative expansion of the antibody repertoires with protective potential.