gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
miR-33a/b contribute to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling (2011)

Cellular imbalances of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism result in pathological processes, including atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Recent work from our group and others has shown that the intronic microRNAs hsa-miR-33a and hsa-miR-33b are located within the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and -1 genes, respectively, and regulate cholesterol homeostasis in concert with their host genes. Here, we show that miR-33a and -b also regulate genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling. miR-33a and -b target key enzymes involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, including carnitine O-octaniltransferase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), and AMP kinase subunit-α. Moreover, miR-33a and -b also target the insulin receptor substrate 2, an essential component of the insulin-signaling pathway in the liver. Overexpression of miR-33a and -b reduces both fatty acid oxidation and insulin signaling in hepatic cell lines, whereas inhibition of endogenous miR-33a and -b increases these two metabolic pathways. Together, these data establish that miR-33a and -b regulate pathways controlling three of the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, namely levels of HDL, triglycerides, and insulin signaling, and suggest that inhibitors of miR-33a and -b may be useful in the treatment of this growing health concern.
Coverage enhancement of PBCH using reduced search Viterbi for MTC in LTE-Advanced networks (2015)

Machine Type Communication (MTC) is becoming an integral part of the Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) cellular network. Challenges arise when some of the MTC devices, due to the nature of their applications, are deployed in low signal locations. As per 3GPP requirements, there is a need for additional coverage enhancement up to 20 dB in comparison with LTE category 1 UE for MTC devices. In the previous works reported till now, Repetition Coding is proposed as an effective technique to achieve the required coverage enhancements at cost of longer decoding time. In low signal conditions where many repetitions are required to build the SNR needed, the decoding delay may be unacceptable. For a LTE-A MTC UE, Physical Broadcast CHannel (PBCH) decoding has a very important role and fast, efficient decoding of PBCH will help to improve the device performance. In this paper, we propose to use well established technique called Reduced Search (RS) Viterbi to improve PBCH decoding performance without compromising the time-to-decode. RS Viterbi technique utilizes a priori knowledge of transmitted bits to reduce the size and complexity of trellis, which in turn also reduces probability of choosing incorrect path, i.e., error. Up to 2.2 dB SNR gain is seen in simulation using the RS Viterbi decoding against the conventional Viterbi decoding, which will contribute in improving the sensitivity of MTC devices for better reachability.
La letra y el espíritu de la letra: notario, formulario notarial e historia (2003)

Habiendo pasado los ultimos anos contribuyendo al desarrollo de la historiografia tanatologica nacional, y aun analizando cuestiones metodologicas inherentes a la propia documentacion testamentaria -su utilidad para estudiar y conocer la muerte pese a su regularidad; su autoria, si es resultado de la voluntad del disponente o del notario; sus criticas internas de veracidad, suficiencia y representatividad-, queremos en esta ocasion, tambien desde un plano metodologico y manejando materiales diversos, reflexionar sobre el hacedor de la materia prima notarial con cuyo concurso hemos elaborado nuestros trabajos, como profesional de la pluma, como intermediario social, y como agente y producto cultural sobre todo; asi como sobre el nexo entre escribano y produccion escribanil que es el mismo formulario -otro producto cultural-, examinado a traves del testamento en concreto, como continente portador de ideas para el investigador, como polemico dique en que se estrellan diferentes, enfrentadas y aun apasionadas posiciones por su naturaleza, caracter y funcionalidad especialmente. Clasicos referentes todos ellos a que damos vueltas los historiadores de la muerte -si bien pocas veces abordados precisa y monograficamente-, esos son los temas, y transcender la forma para llegar al fondo -de ahi el titulo de esta aportacion, en si casi socioinstitucional como se ve- nuestra intencion.
Exploiting fine-scale genetic and physiological variation of closely related microbes to reveal unknown enzyme functions (2017)

Polysaccharide degradation by marine microbes represents one of the largest and most rapid heterotrophic transformations of organic matter in the environment. Microbes employ systems of complementary carbohydrate-specific enzymes to deconstruct algal or plant polysaccharides (glycans) into monosaccharides. Because of the high diversity of glycan substrates, the functions of these enzymes are often difficult to establish. One solution to this problem may lie within naturally occurring microdiversity; varying numbers of enzymes, due to gene loss, duplication, or transfer, among closely related environmental microbes create metabolic differences akin to those generated by knock-out strains engineered in the laboratory used to establish the functions of unknown genes. Inspired by this natural fine-scale microbial diversity, we show here that it can be used to develop hypotheses guiding biochemical experiments for establishing the role of these enzymes in nature. In this work, we investigated alginate degradation among closely related strains of the marine bacterium <i>Vibrio splendidus</i> One strain, <i>V. splendidus</i> 13B01, exhibited high extracellular alginate lyase activity compared with other <i>V. splendidus</i> strains. To identify the enzymes responsible for this high extracellular activity, we compared <i>V. splendidus</i> 13B01 with the previously characterized <i>V. splendidus</i> 12B01, which has low extracellular activity and lacks two alginate lyase genes present in <i>V. splendidus</i> 13B01. Using a combination of genomics, proteomics, biochemical, and functional screening, we identified a polysaccharide lyase family 7 enzyme that is unique to <i>V. splendidus</i> 13B01, secreted, and responsible for the rapid digestion of extracellular alginate. These results demonstrate the value of querying the enzymatic repertoires of closely related microbes to rapidly pinpoint key proteins with beneficial functions.
The Design of Optimized RISC Processor for Edge Artificial Intelligence Based on Custom Instruction Set Extension (2023)

Edge computing is becoming increasingly popular in artificial intelligence (AI) application development due to the benefits of local execution. One widely used approach to overcome hardware limitations in edge computing is heterogeneous computing, which combines a general-purpose processor with a domain-specific AI processor. However, this approach can be inefficient due to the communication overhead resulting from the complex communication protocol. To avoid communication overhead, the concept of an application-specific instruction set processor based on customizable instruction set architecture (ISA) has emerged. By integrating the AI processor into the processor core, on-chip communication replaces the complex communication protocol. Further, custom instruction set extension (ISE) reduces the number of instructions needed to execute AI applications. In this paper, we propose a uniprocessor system architecture for lightweight AI systems. First, we define the custom ISE to integrate the AI processor and GPP into a single processor, minimizing communication overhead. Next, we designed the processor based on the integrated core architecture, including the base core and the AI core, and implemented the processor on an FPGA. Finally, we evaluated the proposed architecture through simulation and implementation of the processor. The results show that the designed processor consumed 6.62% more lookup tables and 74% fewer flip-flops while achieving up to 193.88 times enhanced throughput performance and 52.75 times the energy efficiency compared to the previous system.
Visualization of PtdIns3P dynamics in living plant cells (2006)

To investigate PtdIns3P localization and function in plants, a fluorescent PtdIns3P-specific biosensor (YFP-2xFYVE) was created. On lipid dot blots it bound specifically and with high affinity to PtdIns3P. Transient expression in cowpea protoplasts labelled vacuolar membranes and highly motile structures undergoing fusion and fission. Stable expression in tobacco BY-2 cells labelled similar motile structures, but labelled vacuolar membranes hardly at all. YFP-2xFYVE fluorescence strongly co-localized with the pre-vacuolar marker AtRABF2b, partially co-localized with the endosomal tracer FM4-64, but showed no overlap with the Golgi marker STtmd-CFP. Treatment of cells with wortmannin, a PI3 kinase inhibitor, caused the YFP-2xFYVE fluorescence to redistribute into the cytosol and nucleus within 15 min. BY-2 cells expressing YFP-2xFYVE contained twice as much PtdIns3P as YFP-transformed cells, but this had no effect on cell-growth or stress-induced phospholipid signalling responses. Upon treatment with wortmannin, PtdIns3P levels were reduced by approximately 40% within 15 min in both cell lines. Stable expression of YFP-2xFYVE in Arabidopsis plants labelled different subcellular structures in root compared with shoot tissues. In addition labelling the motile structures common to all cells, YFP-2xFYVE strongly labelled the vacuolar membrane in leaf epidermal and guard cells, suggesting that cell differentiation alters the distribution of PtdIns3P. In dividing BY-2 cells, YFP-2xFYVE-labelled vesicles surrounded the newly formed cell plate, suggesting a role for PtdIns3P in cytokinesis. Together, these data show that YFP-2xFYVE may be used as a biosensor to specifically visualize PtdIns3P in living plant cells.
Development of the visual white matter pathways mediates development of electrophysiological responses in visual cortex (2021)

Abstract The latency of neural responses in the visual cortex changes systematically across the lifespan. Here we test the hypothesis that development of visual white matter pathways mediates maturational changes in the latency of visual signals. Thirty-eight children participated in a cross-sectional study including diffusion MRI and MEG sessions. During the MEG acquisition, participants performed a lexical decision and a fixation task on words presented at varying levels of contrast and noise. For all stimuli and tasks, early evoked fields were observed around 100 ms after stimulus onset (M100), with slower and lower amplitude responses for low as compared to high contrast stimuli. The optic radiations and optic tracts were identified in each individual’s brain based on diffusion MRI tractography. The diffusion properties of the optic radiations predicted M100 responses, especially for high contrast stimuli. Higher optic radiation fractional anisotropy (FA) values were associated with faster and larger M100 responses. Over this developmental window, the M100 responses to high contrast stimuli became faster with age and the optic radiation FA mediated this effect. These findings suggest that the maturation of the optic radiations over childhood accounts for individual variations observed in the developmental trajectory of visual cortex responses.
How to Capture the Heart? Reviewing 20 Years of Emotion Measurement in Advertising (2006)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> In the latest decades, emotions have become an important research topic in all behavioral sciences, and not the least in advertising. Yet, advertising literature on how to measure emotions is not straightforward. The major aim of this article is to give an update on the different methods used for measuring emotions in advertising and to discuss their validity and applicability. We further draw conclusions on the relation between emotions and traditional measures of advertising effectiveness. We finally formulate recommendations on the use of the different methods and make suggestions for future research.
CHEMICAL AND RADIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF TELLURIUM IN FLUORIDE VOLATILITY STUDIES (1956)

Chemical and radiochemical studies were made to clarify the behavior of fission product tellurium in fluoride volatility processes for the recovery of uranium from spent reactor fuels.The cheinical nature of mixtures of tellurium hexafluoride and bromine trifluoride was investigated in the gas phase at 7?°C and lOO^C, and in the liquid phase at 25°C.The gas phase behaviour of tellurium hexafluoride in bromine pentafluoride was studied at 75°C, and liquid mixtures of tellurium hexafluoride and bromine were examined at25°C.In none of these systems was there evidence for a chemical reaction which would produce tellurium compounds of low volatility.Quantitative radiochemical observations were made on the partial reduction of tellurium hexafluoride and the separation of daughter isom.ersdue to the internal conversion of gamma rays of Te^^"^™andTe^^'™.It was found that tellurium activity could be separated from bromine trifluoride by distillation.The activity rem.aining after the volatilization of a mixture of tellurium hexafluoride and uranium hexafluoride was a sm.all fraction of the short-lived isomers Te^^*^ and Te"'
A Prospective Survey of the Incidence of Cardiac Intoxication with Digitalis in Patients being Admitted to Hospital and Correlation with Serum Digoxin Levels (1973)

Summary: A prospective survey of the incidence of digitalis toxicity and its correlation with plasma digoxin levels determined by radioimmunoassay has failed to show any difference between plasma levels of digoxin in toxic and non-toxic patients. There was no difference in renal function or in biochemical parameters between the two groups. An irregular pulse was found more commonly in the toxic patients but otherwise symptoms and signs were the same in two groups. In view of these findings we believe levels of plasma digoxin in an individual patient may not necessarily indicate toxicity especially where there is no relationship between the time of giving the drug and taking of the blood sample.
How to… (2012)

Abstract At the time of writing there were no feline blood banks so blood has to be collected at the time of need. Danielle Banks describes the practicalities.
PMA‐SiO 2 : A Heterogenous Catalyst for O ‐, S ‐, and N ‐Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Aryl Propargyl Alcohols (2008)

Abstract Aryl‐propargylic alcohols undergo O‐, S‐, and N‐nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a catalytic amount of PMA‐SiO2.
Retrograde nuclear accumulation of cytoplasmic tRNA in rat hepatoma cells in response to amino acid deprivation (2007)

Until recently, transport of tRNA was presumed to be unidirectional, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our published findings, however, revealed that cytoplasmic tRNAs move retrograde to the nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and that nuclear accumulation of cytoplasmic tRNAs occurs when cells are nutrient deprived. The findings led us to examine whether retrograde nuclear accumulation of cytoplasmic tRNAs occurs in higher eukaryotes. Using RNA FISH and Northern and Western analyses we show that tRNAs accumulate in nuclei of a hepatoma cell line in response to amino acid deprivation. To discern whether tRNA nuclear accumulation results from nuclear import of cytoplasmic tRNAs, transcription of new RNAs was inhibited, and the location of "old" tRNAs in response to nutrient stress was determined. Even in the absence of new RNA synthesis, there were significant tRNA nuclear pools after amino acid depletion, providing strong evidence that retrograde traffic is responsible for the tRNA nuclear pools. Further analyses showed that retrograde tRNA nuclear accumulation in hepatoma cells is a reversible and energy-dependent process. The data provide evidence for retrograde tRNA nuclear accumulation in intact mammalian cells and support the hypothesis that nuclear accumulation of cytoplasmic tRNA and tRNA re-export to the cytoplasm may constitute a universal mechanism for posttranscriptional regulation of global gene expression in response to nutrient availability.
Reliability Analysis of Bogie System Based on Complex Network and Failure Propagation (2019)

Bogie system is one of the most important and complex electromechanical sub-system in the high speed train. Combined with different components and various interactions, it can be a great difficult problem to analyze the bogie system reliability. A system reliability analysis model based on the complex network and failure propagation has been proposed in this paper for the bogie system of high speed train. Firstly, the function and structure of the bogie system is introduced based on the complex network model. Then, the process of the system failure propagation is illustrated based on the k-steps propagation model. Later, the system reliability analysis model is proposed based on the complex network and failure propagation theory. At last, a case study is used to demonstrate the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed model and method work well on the bogie of high speed train and can support as guidance of daily system operation and predictive maintenance.
Vibration suppression of satellites using multifunctional platforms (2009)

This research focuses on a finite element analysis of active vibration suppression capabilities of a smart composite platform, which is a structural interface between a satellite main thruster and its structure and possesses simultaneous precision positioning and vibration suppression capabilities for thrust vector control of a satellite. First, the combined system of the smart composite platform and the satellite structure are briefly described followed by the finite element modeling and simulations. The smart platform piezoelectric patches and stacks material properties modeling, for the finite element analysis, are developed consistent with the manufacturer data. Next, a vibration suppression scheme, based on the modal analysis, is presented and used in vibration suppression analysis of satellite structures of the thrust vector under the thruster-firing excitation. The approach introduced here is an effective technique for the design of smart structures with complex geometry to study their MIMO active vibration suppression capabilities.
Desaturase activities in rat model of insulin resistance induced by a sucrose‐rich diet (2003)

Abstract A sucrose‐rich diet, as compared with a similar starch diet, induces a time‐dependent typical noninsulin‐dependent diabetes syndrome characterized by insulin resistance in rats. Within the first 3 wk, there was glucose intolerance associated with hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high plasma FFA. In this study, we examined the effect of the sucrose‐rich diet vs. the starch diet during short‐(3 wk) and long‐term treatment (6 mon) on hepatic Δ9, Δ6, and Δ5 desaturases. These enzymes modulate monounsaturated FA and PUFA biosynthesis, respectively. Sucrose feeding (3 wk) caused an initial hyperinsulinemia that was normalized within 6 mon. In the early period (3 wk), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD‐1) mRNA and activity were decreased, whereas Δ6 desaturase mRNA abundance and Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activities remained unchanged. After 6 mon of sucrose feeding, activities of the Δ9, Δ6, and Δ5 desaturases were each increased. The SCD‐1 and Δ6 desaturase mRNA were also correspondingly higher. These increases were consistent with an increase in oleic acid, the 20∶4/18∶2 ratio, and 22∶4n−6 and 22∶5n−6 acids in liver and muscle lipids. On the other hand, the percentage of 22∶6n−3 acid was decreased. In conclusion, a sucrose‐rich diet after 6 mon induces an increase in rat liver SCD‐1 and Δ6 desaturase mRNA and enzymatic activities that are opposite to the changes reported in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. It appears that neither blood insulin levels nor insulin resistance is a factor affecting the Δ9, Δ6, and Δ5 desaturase changes in mRNA and activity found with the sucrose‐rich diet.
Actions of Mibefradil, Efonidipine and Nifedipine Block of Recombinant T- and L-Type Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels with Distinct Inhibitory Mechanisms (2006)

We compared detailed efficacy of efonidipine and nifedipine, dihydropyridine analogues, and mibefradil using recombinant T- and L-type Ca2+ channels expressed separately in mammalian cells. All these Ca2+ channel antagonists blocked T-type Ca2+ channel currents (I(Ca(T))) with distinct blocking manners: I(Ca(T)) was blocked mainly by a tonic manner by nifedipine, by a use-dependent manner by mibefradil, and by a combination of both manners by efonidipine. IC50s of these Ca2+ channel antagonists to I(Ca(T)) and L-type Ca2+ channel current (I(Ca(L))) were 1.2 micromol/l and 0.14 nmol/l for nifedipine; 0.87 and 1.4 micromol/l for mibefradil, and 0.35 micromol/l and 1.8 nmol/l for efonidipine, respectively. Efonidipine, a dihydropyridine analogue, showed high affinity to T-type Ca2+ channel.
Cognitive Domain Ontologies in lookup tables stored in a memristor string matching architecture (2017)

Cognitive agents are typically utilized in autonomous systems for automated decision making. These systems interact at real time with their environment and are generally heavily power constrained. Thus, there is a strong need for a real time agent running on a low power platform. This paper examines how some of the components of a cognitive agent can be mapped onto lookup tables stored in memristor crossbar circuits capable of highly parallel string matching. The agent examined is the Cognitively Enhanced Complex Event Processing (CECEP) architecture. This is an autonomous decision support tool that reasons like humans and enables enhanced agent-based decision-making. It has applications in a large variety of domains including autonomous systems, operations research, intelligence analysis, and data mining. One of the most time consuming and key components of CECEP is the mining of knowledge from a repository described as a Cognitive Domain Ontology (CDO). We show that CDOs can be implemented in lookup tables, and present a memristor crossbar circuit capable of storing these lookup tables very efficiently.
Bio-inspired wideband sonar signals based on observations of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) (2007)

This paper uses advanced time-frequency signal analysis techniques to generate new models for bio-inspired sonar signals. The inspiration comes from the analysis of bottlenose dolphin clicks. These pulses are very short duration, between 50 and 80 micros, but for certain examples we can delineate a double down-chirp structure using fractional Fourier methods. The majority of clicks have energy distributed between two main frequency bands with the higher frequencies delayed in time by 5-20 micros. Signal syntheses using a multiple chirp model based on these observations are able to reproduce much of the spectral variation seen in earlier studies on natural dolphin echolocation pulses. Six synthetic signals are generated and used to drive the dolphin based sonar (DBS) developed through the Biosonar Program office at the SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, CA. Analyses of the detailed echo structure for these pulses ensonifying two solid copper spherical targets indicate differences in discriminatory potential between the signals. It is suggested that target discrimination could be improved through the transmission of a signal packet in which the chirp structure is varied between pulses. Evidence that dolphins may use such a strategy themselves comes from observations of variations in the transmissions of dolphins carrying out target detection and identification tasks.