gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalysis of the Reaction of Chlorine and Oxalic Acid. Complexes of Trivalent Manganese in Solutions Containing Oxalic Acid (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis of the Reaction of Chlorine and Oxalic Acid. Complexes of Trivalent Manganese in Solutions Containing Oxalic AcidHenry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 6, 1418–1428Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01198a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters from Molecular Dynamics with applications to electronic nose polymer sensors (2004)

We introduce the Cohesive Energy Density (CED) method, a multiple sampling Molecular Dynamics computer simulation procedure that may offer higher consistency in the estimation of Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters. The use of a multiple sampling technique, combined with a simple but consistent molecular force field and quantum mechanically determined atomic charges, allows for the precise determination of solubility parameters in a systematic way (sigma = 0.4 hildebrands). The CED method yields first-principles Hildebrand parameter predictions in good agreement with experiment [root-mean-square (rms) = 1.1 hildebrands]. We apply the CED method to model the Caltech electronic nose, an array of 20 polymer sensors. Sensors are built with conducting leads connected through thin-film polymers loaded with carbon black. Odorant detection relies on a change in electric resistivity of the polymer film as function of the amount of swelling caused by the odorant compound. The amount of swelling depends upon the chemical composition of the polymer and the odorant molecule. The pattern is unique, and unambiguously identifies the compound. Experimentally determined changes in relative resistivity of seven polymer sensors upon exposure to 24 solvent vapors were modeled with the CED estimated Hansen solubility components. Predictions of polymer sensor responses result in Pearson R2 coefficients between 0.82 and 0.99.
[Impact of the change in criteria for hospital discharge of patients with tuberculosis based on the duration of hospitalization]. (2005)

Conversion to culture negative has been conventionally used for discharge criteria in Japan considering not only contagiousness of the disease but to maintain patients adherence to treatment. After the introduction of new criteria to shorten the hospitalization periods, Japanese style DOTS after discharge would be more important to maintain patients adherence to treatment. We will continue to evaluate the treatment completion rate.
Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Blends (2019)

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) form a special class of material that incorporates the anisotropic behavior of the liquid crystalline state with the characteristics of polymers, leading to unique chemical and physical properties. In thermoplastic (TP) blends there is a close interrelationship between the packing of polymer chains, miscibility, and molecular motion, and this is likely to be particularly true in rigid chain TLCP systems that are close packed. In TLCPs the frequency crossover seen between the terminal and plateau zones, behavior is more likely to result from effects of chain rigidity, packing, and intermolecular association between different molecules. TLCP melts are mesomorphic with low viscosity and excellent mechanical properties in the solid state and can be molded with equipment used for conventional random coil, TP materials. The TLCP used as the compatibilizer was immiscible with the other TLCP used in the blend but strongly adhered to it in the solid state.
Dynamic modulations on intensity sensitivity evoked by weak noise in the inferior collicular neurons. (2005)

In order to explore the possible mechanisms by which ethologically relevant sounds can be extracted from complex auditory environments, this study examined the effects of weak noise on the rate-intensity functions (RIFs) of neurons responding to tone burst in the inferior colliculus (IC) of nine mice (Mus musculus Km). Under free field stimuli conditions, a total of 112 IC neurons were recorded. RIFs with and without simultaneous presentation of weak noise, of which the intensity was relative to 5 dB below minimum threshold of tone burst, were measured in 44 IC neurons. By means of evaluating the changes of dynamic range (DR), slope of RIFs, and percent inhibition at different tone burst intensities evoked by the weak noise, three types of variations in RIFs were observed, i. e., inhibition (39/44, 88.6%), facilitation (2/44, 4.6%), and no effectiveness (3/44, 6.8%). Statistical analysis indicated that only inhibitory effect of weak noise was significant (P< 0.001, n = 39). The inhibitory effect of weak noise was greater at lower stimulus intensity of tone burst but decreased significantly with increased stimulus intensity (P< 0.0001, n = 39). In addition, the DR and slope of RIFs became narrower and steeper with weak noise presentation, respectively (P< 0.01, n = 31). The results from the present study suggest that weak noise exerts a dynamic modulatory action on acoustical intensity sensitivity of IC neurons, which possibly leads to a better understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the extraction of sound signals from natural auditory scenes.
Research on Dynamic Process and Droplet Splash of Laser-Induced Cavitation Bubble Collapse within a Droplet (2023)

The cavitation bubble within a droplet is one of the frontier topics in bubble dynamics, with applications in many industrial fields. In the present paper, the dynamics of the cavitation bubble wall and the droplet surface, with different radius ratios, are compared and analyzed. The relationship between cavitation bubble collapse and droplet splash is disclosed. Research shows that, firstly, under the same type of splash, there is a positive correlation between the radius ratio with the displacement of the feature point and the distance between the two ends of the X-axis. It shows that the splash becomes more prominent with the radius ratio increase. Secondly, under different splash cases, the radius ratio also shows a significant impact on the trend of interface displacement and the splash dynamics. In addition, as the radius ratio increases the modification coefficient of the collapse time being smaller.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Metastasis with Epigenetic Modulation and Anti-HER2 Therapy: Phase I/II Trial of Vorinostat in Combination with Lapatinib (2020)

Purpose: Considerable preclinical and clinical data indicate that only a small subset of tumor cells has longterm proliferating capacity. These cells are termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Failure to eradicate CSCs is hypothesized to be a cause of cancer recurrence after potentially curative therapies. Therefore, approaches that target CSCs have the potential to improve outcomes. We evaluated the combination of vorinostat and lapatinib to target CSCs and metastasis. Experimental Design: We conducted preclinical studies and a phase I/II clinical trial to determine the effects of vorinostat and lapatinib to CSCs. Results: Our preclinical studies demonstrated that vorinostat and lapatinib further reduced CSCs compared to either single agent. Reduction in self-renewal proteins, mammospheres, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and cell migration was also observed. Based on these findings, the combination was evaluated in the phase I trial to which a total of 12 patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed in phase I, and the recommended phase II dose was vorinostat 400 mg 4 days on 3 days off and lapatinib 1,250 mg daily. In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, the clinical benefit rate was observed in 43% of subjects. Interestingly, patients who remained on vorinostat and lapatinib did not develop any new site of metastasis. Conclusion: The combination of vorinostat and lapatinib is safe and active in HER2-positive breast cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate this strategy to target CSCs and metastasis.
Absolute scaling (1978)

The methods of magnitude estimation and production systematically developed by S.S. Stevens have found numerous applications. Growing experimental evidence indicates that, in these methods, the ratios of numbers associated with sensation magnitudes are nearly directly proportional to sensation ratios. A shortcoming of the methods is that the units of measurement are defined ad hoc, so that direct comparisons of absolute magnitudes are not possible. Response biases encountered in magnitude-estimation experiments in which the units of measurement were imposed on the subjects through designation of reference standards suggested that experimental subjects prefer to use their own natural units probably acquired through common usage of numbers. The hypothesis was verified in several experimental series. In particular, it was found that the inferred natural units depend little on the stimulus intensity range and the intensity of the first stimulus scaled, on whether the intensity or associated numbers are under subjects' control, or on subjects' experience with scaling. When no numerical constraints were imposed, different groups of subjects assigned the same numbers to the same loudness levels. The findings should have useful applications to measurements of loudness and annoyance. [Work supported by NIH.]
Long‐term falls in antibodies to dust mite and pollen allergens in patients with asthma or hay fever (1983)

'Spontaneous' improvement in, or alteration of, allergic symptoms is a common occurrence, and the immunological basis is of interest in attempts to develop effective specific therapy. In the present study we measured levels of serum antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients diagnosed as having house-dust-allergic asthma up to 40 years previously. The results show a progressive fall in both IgG and IgE antibodies to antigen P1 and RAST binding to crude D. pteronyssinus extract. By contrast changes in total serum IgE were not marked. Within each of the groups of patients diagnosed 20, 30 and 40 years previously, 70% no longer suffered severe symptoms. However, the absence of detectable IgE antibody in serum was neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for loss of symptoms. A group of patients who had spontaneously recovered from hay fever had significantly lower IgG and IgE antibody for the major grass pollen allergen Rye I and also lower total IgE than current hay fever sufferers. In neither hay fever nor asthma was there evidence to link spontaneous improvement in symptoms with an increase in IgG antibodies.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RE-VIBRATION ON THE BLEEDING AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE (2017)

ABSTRACT Re-vibration method applied to fresh concrete is vibration again at intervals after initial vibration of concrete placed. In the prestressed concrete composition, re-vibration is doing by experience at actual construction site due to lack of knowledge of optimum timing and vibration time. The present study aims to clear the effect of re-vibration by difference of re-vibration method. From the experimental result, increase in compressive strength and resistance of concrete with re-vibration in any concrete composite was confirmed. Timing of re-vibration was found effective in increasing the concrete quality to a value of N100mm(Nfresh concrete deformability index value) . Especially, effect of re-vibration was greater for concretes using blast furnace slag and fly ash in comparison with early strength cement. Re-vibration was found as effective means for improving concrete durability.
Weitere Peptidsynthesen nach dem Oxazoliden‐Verfahren, IV (1962)

Abstract Nach dem Oxazolidon‐Verfahren werden Weitere Peptide, und zwar mit L‐Glutaminsäure, L ‐Asparaginsäure, L ‐Serin, Glycin, l‐ L ‐Lysin,Cystin und Dl‐Methionin, synthetisiert. Die optische Aktivität der Produkte bleibt, wie früher bereits mitgeteilt, voll erhalten. Lediglich im Falle der Cystin‐ und Serinreste kann in geringem Maße Racemisierung eintreten, die Sich jedoch bei Einhaltung optimaler Reaktionsbedingungen vermeiden läßt.
α-VINYLATION OF TERTIARY ACTIVE HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS (1999)

(1999). α-VINYLATION OF TERTIARY ACTIVE HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 99-106.
Mechanism of thioamide drug action against tuberculosis and leprosy (2007)

Thioamide drugs, ethionamide (ETH) and prothionamide (PTH), are clinically effective in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. avium complex infections. Although generally considered second-line drugs for tuberculosis, their use has increased considerably as the number of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis cases continues to rise. Despite the widespread use of thioamide drugs to treat tuberculosis and leprosy, their precise mechanisms of action remain unknown. Using a cell-based activation method, we now have definitive evidence that both thioamides form covalent adducts with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and that these adducts are tight-binding inhibitors of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae InhA. The crystal structures of the inhibited M. leprae and M. tuberculosis InhA complexes provide the molecular details of target-drug interactions. The purified ETH-NAD and PTH-NAD adducts both showed nanomolar Kis against M. tuberculosis and M. leprae InhA. Knowledge of the precise structures and mechanisms of action of these drugs provides insights into designing new drugs that can overcome drug resistance.
A Study on the Activation of NFT Collection of Traditional Hanbok (Korea Dress) Based on Metabus (2022)

The need for research on building a virtual metaverse gallery targeting NFT-based service platforms expands to broadband network from cultural contents. Identifying contents media service could betake value chain is requiring of virtual verification process model. For virtual galleries, it is important to maintain the uniqueness of the contents of the creation. For the collection process, a unique NFT-based service virtualization and activation model based on Hanbok was presented. Therefore, Digital works need to systematize the efficiency of virtual concept research and verification procedures according to the expansion of participation of creations and artists in individual and corporate works. In practically, a practical metaverse platform was established, a system implementation, and a NFT-based collection activation plan that implements the reliability verification research and service virtualization of K-Dress (Korea Dress) industry was presented. First, we propose an image token study, which is a traditional Hanbok collection resource, secondly, an ERC-721 NFT token configuration, and thirdly, a K-Dress metaverse platform configuration based on the image specification applicability evaluation specification for NFT verification. Through the ERC-721 NFT study, it is expected that it could be able to respond to the demand for digital work services at the small and medium-sized level in terms of the amount and quality of the K-Dress metaverse platform for the virtual gallery content construction.
Closed-Loop Multi-Amplitude Control for Robust and Dexterous Performance of Myoelectric Prosthesis (2019)

In the case of a hand amputation, the affected person can use a myoelectric prosthesis to substitute the missing limb and regain motor functions. Unfortunately, commercial methods for myoelectric control, although robust and simple, are unintuitive and cognitively taxing when applied to an advanced multi-functional prosthesis. The state-of-the-art methods developed in academia are based on machine learning and therefore require long training and suffer from a lack of robustness. This work presents a novel closed-loop multi-level amplitude controller (CMAC), which aims at overcoming these drawbacks. The CMAC implements three degrees-of-freedom (DoF) control by thresholding the muscle contraction intensity during wrist flexion and extension movements. Unique features of the controller are the vibrotactile feedback that communicates the state of the controller to the user and a scheme for proportional control. These components allow exploiting the full dexterity of the prosthesis using a simple two-channel myoelectric interface. The CMAC was compared to a commonly implemented pattern-recognition method (linear discriminant analysis - LDA) using clinically relevant tests in 12 able-bodied and 2 amputee subjects. The experimental assessment demonstrated that CMAC was similarly fast as LDA in dexterous tests (clothespin and cube manipulation), while it was somewhat slower than LDA during a simple, single DoF task (box and blocks). In addition, in all the tasks, LDA and CMAC resulted in a similarly low error rate. On the other hand, to an amputee that could not generate six distinguishable classes using LDA, the CMAC still enabled the control of all the prosthesis DoFs. Importantly, the overall setup and training time in CMAC were significantly lower compared to LDA. In conclusion, the novel method is convenient for clinical applications, and allows substantially higher control dexterity compared to what can be normally achieved using conventional two channel EMG. Therefore, CMAC provides performance comparable to advanced machine-learning algorithms and the robustness and ease of use that is characteristic for the simple two-channel myoelectric interface.
Finite-time tracking control for extended nonholonomic chained-form systems with parametric uncertainty and external disturbance (2016)

In this paper, the finite-time tracking control problem is discussed for extended nonholonomic chained-form systems with parametric uncertainty, unmodeled nonlinear dynamics and external uncertain time-varying disturbances. Two decoupled subsystems are considered, for which an anti-interference controller is proposed by combining finite-time stability control theory and chattering-free sliding-mode design strategy in the presence of the uncertainty, nonlinearity and perturbation. Moreover, for the corresponding closed-loop systems under the given control law, rigorous finite-time stability analysis is presented at the origin equilibrium point. Finally, the main conclusions are applied to the trajectory tracking control of dynamic nonholonomic mobile robots with visual servoing feedback, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of our control design approach.
Cutaneous clues to HIV infection: diagnosis and treatment. (1994)

The skin is one of the most important organs involved in patients with HIV infection. Because it is the one most readily evaluated by inspection, it is essential that clinicians be expert in the recognition of skin disorders that herald the presence of HIV disease or a change in the immune status of one already known to be infected. In this article, the most important cutaneous disorders in patients with HIV infection are discussed with special emphasis on those that can be used to assess prognosis or detect the presence of an opportunistic infection.
From In Vitro to In Vivo: Imaging from the Single Cell to the Whole Organism (2008)

This unit addresses the applications of fluorescence microscopy and quantitative imaging to study multiple physiological variables of living tissue. Protocols are presented for fluorescence-based investigations ranging from in vitro cell and tissue approaches to in vivo imaging of intact organs. These include the measurement of cytosolic parameters both in vitro and in vivo (such as calcium, pH, and nitric oxide), dynamic cellular processes (renin granule exocytosis), FRET-based real-time assays of enzymatic activity (renin), physiological processes (vascular contraction, membrane depolarization), and whole organ functional parameters (blood flow, glomerular filtration). Multi-photon microscopy is ideal for minimally invasive and undisruptive deep optical sectioning of the living tissue, which translates into ultra-sensitive real-time measurement of these parameters with high spatial and temporal resolution. With the combination of cell and tissue cultures, microperfusion techniques, and whole organ or animal models, fluorescence imaging provides unmatched versatility for biological and medical studies of the living organism.
Inhibition of Alpha/Beta Interferon Signaling by the NS4B Protein of Flaviviruses (2005)

Flaviviruses are insect-borne, positive-strand RNA viruses that have been disseminated worldwide. Their genome is translated into a polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved by a combination of viral and host proteases to produce three structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins. The nonstructural protein NS4B of dengue 2 virus partially blocks activation of STAT1 and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoters in cells stimulated with interferon (IFN). We have found that this function of NS4B is conserved in West Nile and yellow fever viruses. Deletion analysis shows that that the first 125 amino acids of dengue virus NS4B are sufficient for inhibition of alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling. The cleavable signal peptide at the N terminus of NS4B, a peptide with a molecular weight of 2,000, is required for IFN antagonism but can be replaced by an unrelated signal peptide. Coexpression of dengue virus NS4A and NS4B together results in enhanced inhibition of ISRE promoter activation in response to IFN-alpha/beta. In contrast, expression of the precursor NS4A/B fusion protein does not cause an inhibition of IFN signaling unless this product is cleaved by the viral peptidase NS2B/NS3, indicating that proper viral polyprotein processing is required for anti-interferon function.
Seat Interfaces for Aircrew Performance and Safety (2010)

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