gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk of accidental invasion and expansion of allochthonous mice in Tokyo metropolitan coastal areas in Japan (2007)

House mouse (Mus musculus) is one of the perilous animal vectors for imported zoonosis such as a lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) infectious disease, and probably unknown emerging and/or re-emerging infectious diseases as well. It is necessary to prevent such diseases by regular surveys for behavioral trends of these allochthonous mice. However, such a trial has never been attempted in Japan. From 1998 to 2002, we analyzed partial sequences of the D-loop region in mtDNA, which provides powerful diagnostic SNPs for subspecies identification in the Mus musculus species, from 301 individuals of mice collected in 23 international bays or airports in Japan. We found that invasion of many allochthonous mice, which were identified as European subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus, occurred in Tokyo metropolitan coastal area. Based on the evidence, we warn that extensive invasion of allochthonous mice has occurred recently and, therefore, the risk of emerging and/or re-emerging infectious diseases invasion might be high in Tokyo metropolitan area.
Fish consumption and respiratory symptoms among young adults in a Norwegian community (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fish consumption and self-reported respiratory symptoms among young adults. A random sample of 4,300 subjects, aged 20-44 yrs, living in Bergen, Norway, received a postal questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, of whom 80% responded. Mean fish consumption was assessed in a food-frequency questionnaire by asking how often the subject consumed units of fish (150 g) during the last year. Average fish consumption was 1.8 units x week(-1). Fish intake of <1 unit x week(-1) was reported by 24%, 41% reported consumption of 1 unit x week(-1) and 35% intake of >1 unit x week(-1). A high fish intake was significantly associated with increasing age after adjusting for smoking. Adjusted for smoking habits, the prevalence of "cough at night" and "chest tightness" showed a decreasing trend with increasing fish consumption (p<0.05), while such a trend for "wheeze" was demonstrated only in smokers (p=0.008 for interaction). In logistic regression models (adjusting for age, sex, body mass, smoking habits and occupational exposure) fish consumption (three categories) was not significantly associated with "wheeze", "chest tightness", "breathless at night" or "asthma attack", although the odds ratios (OR) were consistently less than 1 (except for "asthma attack"). Fish consumption was of borderline significance as a protective factor of "cough at night", OR = 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-0.97) but in stratified analyses only in smokers. Subjects reporting very high levels of fish consumption (>14 units x week(-1)) did not have lower prevalences of respiratory symptoms. In conclusion, among young Norwegian adults, with a relatively low prevalence of asthma and an overall high fish intake, fish consumption was not a significant predictor of four out of five respiratory symptoms.
Contribution of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factors to the regulation of vascular tone in humans (2008)

Endothelium plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis through the release of vasoactive factors. Besides nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, increasing evidences show that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF) participate in the control of vasomotor tone through the activation of calcium-activated potassium channels. In humans, the role of EDHF has been demonstrated in various vascular beds including coronary, peripheral, skin and venous vessels. The mechanisms of EDHF-type relaxations identified in humans involved the release by the endothelium of hydrogen peroxide, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), potassium ions and electronical communication through the gap junctions. The role of EETs could be particularly important because, in addition contributing to the maintenance of the basal tone and endothelium-dependent dilation of conduit arteries, these factors share many vascular protective properties of NO. The alteration of which might be involved in the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases. The evolution of EDHF availability in human pathology is currently under investigation with some results demonstrating an increase in EDHF release to compensate the loss of NO synthesis and to maintain the endothelial vasomotor function whereas others reported a parallel decrease in NO and EDHF-mediated relaxations. Thus, the modulation of EDHF activity emerges as a new pharmacological target and some existing therapies in particular those affecting the renin-angiotensin system have already been shown to improve endothelial function through hyperpolarizing mechanisms. In this context, the development of new specific pharmacological agents especially those increasing EETs availability may help to prevent endothelial dysfunction and therefore enhance cardiovascular protection in patients.
Automatic verification of refinement (2002)

Given two models of a circuit, Q and Q', we say that Q' as a refinement of Q if every possible behavior of Q' is allowed by Q. We present a unified framework for verifying refinement using both model-checking and symbolic trajectory evaluation techniques. In this framework, the refinement conditions are derived and verified automatically. To demonstrate this approach, we present a design for a synchronizer circuit used in a high-speed synchronous design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
β Subunits of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels Are Novel Substrates of β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein-cleaving Enzyme (BACE1) and γ-Secretase (2005)

Sequential processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by membrane-bound proteases, BACE1 and gamma-secretase, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Much has been discovered on the properties of these proteases; however, regulatory mechanisms of enzyme-substrate interaction in neurons and their involvement in pathological changes are still not fully understood. It is mainly because of the membrane-associated cleavage of these proteases and the lack of information on new substrates processed in a similar way to APP. Here, using RNA interference-mediated BACE1 knockdown, mouse embryonic fibroblasts that are deficient in either BACE1 or presenilins, and BACE1-deficient mouse brain, we show clear evidence that beta subunits of voltage-gated sodium channels are sequentially processed by BACE1 and gamma-secretase. These results may provide new insights into the underlying pathology of Alzheimer disease.
Emerging non-volatile memories: magnetic and resistive technologies (2013)

In 2010, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) published an assessment of the potential and maturity of selected emerging research on memory technologies. Eight different technologies of non-volatile memories were compared (ferroelectric gate field-effect transistor, nano-electro-mechanical switch, spin-transfer torque random access memories (STTRAM), various types of resistive RAM, in particular redox RAM, nanothermal phase change RAM, electronic effects RAM, macromolecular memories and molecular RAM). In this report, spin-transfer torque MRAM and redox RRAM were identified as two emerging memory technologies recommended for accelerated research and development leading to scaling and commercialization of non-volatile RAM to and beyond the 16nm generation. Nowadays, there is an intense research and development effort in microelectronics on these two technologies, one based on spintronic phenomena (tunnel magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque), the other based on migration of vacancies or ions in an insulating matrix driven by oxydo-reduction potentials. Both technologies could be used for standalone or embedded applications.
Indole‐ and Indoline‐Based Kainate Analogues with Antagonist Activity at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxygen-Loss-Induced Structural Degradation in ε-LiVOPO4 (2022)

The ε-LiVOPO<sub>4</sub> cathode for Li-ion batteries has attracted wide attention with its multivalent electronic states and improved discharge capacity of over 300 mAh/g. Oxygen loss stands as a potential cause for structural degradations of the ε-LiVOPO<sub>4</sub> cathode and its derivatives but has been barely studied. Through <i>in situ</i> environmental transmission electron microscopy, we probe lattice oxygen loss and the associated structural degradations by spatially and temporally resolving the atomic-scale structural dynamics and phase transformation pathways in ε-LiVOPO<sub>4</sub>. We demonstrate that the mild oxygen loss at 400 °C induces a topotactic phase transformation of ε-LiVOPO<sub>4</sub> → α-Li<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> in the particle surface via a nucleation and growth mechanism, leading to the formation of a core-shell configuration. The phase transformation can be reversed by switching to an oxidizing environment, in which the α-Li<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is reoxidized to ε-LiVOPO<sub>4</sub>. By contrast, oxygen loss at higher temperatures of 500 and 600 °C results in a high concentration of oxygen vacancies that subsequently induces irreversible structural damages including lattice amorphization and formation of nanocavities. This work illustrates the fundamental mechanisms governing the structural failure of oxide cathodes and underlines possible strategies to overcome such issues by exploiting environmental constraints.
Copy of Application-driven Analysis of Two Generations of Capability Computing Platforms: Purple and Cielo. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Effects of AlGaN/AlN Stacked Interlayers on GaN Growth on Si (111) (2010)

We report the growth of high quality and crack-free GaN film on Si (111) substrate using Al<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>N/AlN stacked interlayers. Compared with the previously used single A1N interlayer, the AlGaN/AlN stacked interlayers can more effectively reduce the tensile stress inside the GaN layer. The cross-sectional TEM image reveals the bending and annihilation of threading dislocations (TDs) in the overgrown GaN film which leads to a decrease of TD density.
EFFECTS OF SENSORI-MOTOR LEARNING ON MELODY PROCESSING ACROSS DEVELOPMENT. (2011)

Actions influence perceptions, but how this occurs may change across the lifespan. Studies have investigated how object-directed actions (e.g., learning about objects through manipulation) affect subsequent perception, but how abstract actions affect perception, and how this may change across development, have not been well studied. In the present study, we address this question, teaching children (4-7 year-olds) and adults sung melodies, with or without an abstract motor component, and using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to determine how these melodies are subsequently processed. Results demonstrated developmental change in the motor cortices and Middle Temporal Gyrus. Results have implications for understanding sensori-motor integration in the developing brain, and may provide insight into motor learning use in some music education techniques.
[Shift work as a factor increasing the risk of civilization diseases - what's new in the old issue?] (2019)

People are more and more often taking up shift work, which in the long run may have harmful health effects. Whether a person working in a shift system gets sick is influenced by many external factors (rotation and type of changes and work performed, socio-psychological factors) and endogenous (sex, age, health and physiological status, individual, internal biological clock - chronotype, physiological tolerance work at night). Many authors in their work prove that work in a rotational rotation system affects the occurrence of various types of cancer, hormone production, occurrence of metabolic disorders and civilization diseases (type II diabetes, insulin resistance, overweight and obesity, hypertension and coronary heart disease), microflora differentiation intestinal and contributes to increased stress of the body. In addition, the time in which a person works has a direct impact on the consumption and quality of meals. Shift workers often do not have time to eat regular, properly balanced meals that would satisfy their energy and nutritional needs. For this reason, most often reach for ready-to-eat foods that are characterized by low nutritional value at a relatively high energy value. Shift work also carries a risk of circadian rhythm disturbances and sleep disorders. Many studies indicate that there is an increased risk of some types of cancer and civilization diseases, but there is no clear evidence as to whether this is only the fault of rotary night work.
Abstract LB-10: Distribution and potency of anti-proliferative arachidonic acid metabolites (2012)

Abstract Eicosanoids participate in the dysregulation of cell proliferation during tumorigenesis. The up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and down-regulation of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) have been linked to the switch for a pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment. Previous studies have characterized the effects of increased prostaglandin E2 in tumor progression but the role of many other endogenous lipid mediators has yet to be determined. COX-2 can metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which in turn can be further oxidized by dehydrogenases into oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs). We have previously reported that 11-oxo-ETE and 15-oxo-ETE are major COX-2/15-PGDH derived metabolites formed from human cells expressing COX-2 treated with AA. Although no known G-protein coupled receptor has been reported for either of these metabolites, both 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE have been described from human clinical samples. This study provides a description of the uptake and distribution of 11-oxo-ETE and 15-oxo-ETE as well as their anti-proliferative activity in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and LoVo human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Quantification of the intracellular and extracellular levels of 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE was conducted using liquid chromatography electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry with [13C]-labeled 15-oxo-ETE as an internal standard. The intracellular concentrations of 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE reached peak amounts within 1h followed by a rapid decline. Earlier studies have indicated that glutathione (GSH)-S-transferase further metabolized 11-oxo-ETE to form the 11-oxo-ETE-GSH (OEG)-adduct. In additional experiments, pretreatment with ethacrynic acid (EA), a known inhibitor of GSTs, increased recovery from the cellular extract. In addition, the methyl-ester of both 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE was used for the targeted intracellular delivery of these COX-2/15-PGDH derived eicosanoids. Finally, we have shown that both 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE as well as their methyl ester derivatives significantly inhibit cell proliferation as determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assay and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in multiple human cell lines. The present study has established the cellular uptake of the short-lived COX-2/15-PGDH derived eicosanoids 11-oxo- and 15-oxo-ETE and potent inhibition of new DNA synthesis and proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-10. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-10
UV‐Induced Changes in Cell Cycle and Gene Expression within Rabbit Lens Epithelial Cells (1996)

Damage to lens epithelial cells is a probable initiation process in cataract formation mediated by UV radiation. In these experiments, we investigated the effects of exposure to 254 nm radiation on cell cycle progression and gene expression in the rabbit lens epithelial cell line N/N1003A. The RNA was harvested at various times following exposure to UV (254 nm) radiation and analyzed by dot-blot and northern blot hybridizations. These results revealed that during the first 6 h following exposure of the cells to UV, there was, associated with decreasing dose, a decrease in accumulation of transcripts specific for histones H3 and H4 and an increase in the mRNA encoding protein kinase C and beta- and gamma-actin. Using flow cytometry, we detected an accumulation of cells in G1/S phase of the cell cycle 1 h following exposure to 254 nm radiation. The observed changes in gene expression, especially the decreased accumulation of histone transcripts reported here, may play a role in UV-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression.
Evidence of association of circulating epigenetic-sensitive biomarkers with suspected coronary heart disease evaluated by Cardiac Computed Tomography (2019)

Circulating biomarkers available in clinical practice do not allow to stratify patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) prior the onset of a clinically relevant event. We evaluated the methylation status of specific genomic segments and gene expression in peripheral blood of patients undergoing Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) for CHD (n = 95). We choose to investigate cholesterol metabolism. Methylation and gene expression of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2 (SREBF2) and ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Calcium score (CACS), stenosis degree, total plaque volume (TPV), calcified plaque volume (CPV), non-calcified plaque volume (NCPV) and plaque burden (PB) were assessed in all CHD patients (n = 65). The percentage of methylation at the specific analyzed segment of LDLR promoter was higher in CHD patients vs healthy subjects (HS) (n = 30) (p = 0.001). LDLR, SREBF2 and ABCA1 mRNAs were up-regulated in CHD patients vs HS (p = 0.02; p = 0.019; p = 0.008). SREBF2 was overexpressed in patients with coronary stenosis ≥50% vs subjects with stenosis <50% (p = 0.036). After adjustment for risk factors and clinical features, ABCA1 (p = 0.005) and SREBF2 (p = 0.010) gene expression were identified as independent predictors of CHD and severity. ROC curve analysis revealed a good performance of ABCA1 on predicting CHD (AUC = 0.768; p<0.001) and of SREBF2 for the prediction of disease severity (AUC = 0.815; p<0.001). Moreover, adjusted multivariate analysis demonstrated SREBF2 as independent predictor of CPV, NCPV and TPV (p = 0.022; p = 0.002 and p = 0.006) and ABCA1 as independent predictor of NCPV and TPV (p = 0.002 and p = 0.013). CHD presence and characteristics are related to selected circulating transcriptional and epigenetic-sensitive biomarkers linked to cholesterol pathway. More extensive analysis of CHD phenotypes and circulating biomarkers might improve and personalize cardiovascular risk stratification in the clinical settings.
Criteria for formation of single layer, duplex, and breakaway scales on steels (1988)

It is generally agreed that differences in oxidant transport behaviour explain the development of single, duplex, and breakaway oxide scales. In view of the low lattice mobility of oxygen, it is necessary to postulate the transport of oxidant in molecular form through micropores in the scale. It is proposed that the oxidant has some degree of access to the oxide/metal interface in all types of scale and that volume constraints on the gaseous reactions at this site determine which type of scale forms. Single layers form when dislocation climb eliminates space created at this interface by outward metal diffusion. Factors which inhibit this volume collapse, such as alloying or sample corners, lead to duplex scales. However, the rate of reaction is still limited by the rate at which cation effusion creates the volume. Breakaway occurs when factors such as non-sealing interfaces caused by oxide carburisation overcome this constraint. The breakaway rate is then controlled by the rate the oxide can grow while deforming by creep. The breakaway oxidation rate is found to be given by (kpkc/2)1/2, where kp is the underlying parabolic oxidation rate and kc is the oxide creep rate at its yield stress. The rates given by this expression are found to be in good agreement with experimental rates in high pressure CO2.MST/993
Dynamic effects of solvent on the Brönsted α (1992)

In hydroxylic solvents the primary kinetic isotope effect on reactions which transfer hydride between NAD+ analogues is maximized and constant, and the Brönsted α indicates a critical configuration equally resembling reactants and products. However, in certain polar, aprotic solvents, most notably DMSO, the isotope effect is sharply reduced and the Brönsted a indicates a product-like critical configuration. These changes are attributed to a barrier due to solvent.
Quantification of relative neurite tortuosity using Fourier transforms (2021)

We report the use of Fourier transforms for quantification of neurite tortuosity at multiple length scales, and with an image input that contains incompletely segmented neurites. This new method does not require manual training or curation, allowing a direct and rapid measurement of neurite tortuosity, thereby enhancing the accuracy and utility of neurite tortuosity measurements for evaluation of ocular and systemic disease pathology.
Synthesis and processing of an Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase precursor in vitro. (1977)

Alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] of E. coli was synthesized in a cell-free system, and the size of the direct translation product was analyzed. The product has a higher molecular weight than the mature alkaline phosphatase found in the periplasm. The direct translation product can be processed to the mature size by an E. coli membrane fraction; the processing activity copurifies with the outer-membrane fraction. The presumed precursor can dimerize to form active enzyme without being processed, and the resultant enzyme appears to be more hydrophobic than the mature enzyme. These findings are discussed in connection with the "signal hypothesis" proposed for the excretion of proteins across membranes.
Mass flow and tangential momentum accommodation in silicon micromachined channels (2001)

High-precision experimental results are reported showing the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) for several gases in contact with single-crystal silicon to be less than unity. A precise and robust experimental platform is demonstrated for measurement of mass flows through silicon micromachined channels due to an imposed pressure gradient. Analytic expressions for isothermal Maxwellian slip flows through long channels are used to determine the TMAC at a variety of Knudsen numbers. Results from experiments using nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide are presented. For all three gases the TMAC is found to be lower than one, ranging from 0.75 to 0.85.
New Edge-Shift Detection Method for Write Strategy Optimization in High-Density Optical Disc Recording (2011)

We propose a sophisticated edge-shift detection method based on the partial response maximum likelihood technology for high-density optical disc recordings. One of the major features is the capability of detecting the edge shifts of short marks that cannot be optically resolved. Another feature is that measured values are not affected by the signal-to-noise ratio in a readout signal. This ensures drive compatibility. Furthermore, the edge-shift values are sorted and evaluated corresponding to the write pulse control parameters for simplifying write strategy optimization. These features make write strategy optimization possible under an areal recording density of over 30 Gbyte/layer.