gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revision Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (2018)

As shoulder arthroplasty becomes increasingly common, the burden of revision shoulder arthroplasty is also increasing. Revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty requires an understanding of the causes of failure and the evaluation of these causes and their sequelae, including infection, instability, component loosening, humeral bone loss, and glenoid bone loss. Revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty is technically complex. On the humeral side, corticotomy may be required for component removal, and bone grafting may be necessary to achieve rotational stability and to restore humeral length and avoid undertensioning and instability. On the glenoid side, bone loss is common, structural bone grafting is not infrequently required, and proper component positioning is required to avoid impingement and component loosening. Although the outcomes are generally inferior to primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and complications and revision surgeries are common, revision procedures still lead to notable improvements in pain, motion, and function.
The Portals 4.2 Network Programming Interface (2018)

This report presents a specification for the Portals 4 network programming interface. Portals 4 is intended to allow scalable, high-performance network communication between nodes of a parallel computing system. Portals 4 is well suited to massively parallel processing and embedded systems. Portals 4 represents an adaption of the data movement layer developed for massively parallel processing platforms, such as the 4500-node Intel TeraFLOPS machine. Sandia's Cplant cluster project motivated the development of Version 3.0, which was later extended to Version 3.3 as part of the Cray Red Storm machine and XT line. Version 4 is targeted to the next generation of machines employing advanced network interface architectures that support enhanced offload capabilities.
Dynamics of a Highly Charged Ion in Aqueous Solutions:  MD Simulations of Dilute CrCl3 Aqueous Solutions Using Interaction Potentials Based on the Hydrated Ion Concept (1998)

Structural and dynamical properties of dilute aqueous solutions containing a trivalent cation have been determined by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations. The concept of hydrated ion has been used when considering aqueous solutions of Cr3+, [Cr(H2O)6]3+ being the cationic entity interacting in solution. An ab initio Cr3+ hydrate−water interaction potential previously developed [J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 11748] and a new one describing the Cr3+ hydrate−Cl- interactions have been used with a TIP4P water model to carry out simulations of the system Cr(H2O)6Cl3 + 512H2O. To examine the role of anions, simulations without chloride ions were performed as well ([Cr(H2O)6]3+ + 512H2O). To investigate the influence of shape and size of the hydrated cation, two additional models of trivalent cation have been studied using the simplest concept of spherical ion. Ad hoc charged sphere−water interaction potentials for the latter situations were built. RDFs, hydration numbers, vibrational spectra of the intermolecular modes, translational self-diffusion coefficients for ions and water molecules in the different hydration shells, interdiffusion coefficients, mean residence times, and rotational diffusion coefficients and correlation times for the hexahydrate and water molecules are obtained and discussed. Comparison of dynamical properties of Cr3+ aqueous solutions with those obtained from simulations of Cr3+ hexahydrate strongly supports the validity of the hydrated ion model for this cation. The examination of rotational mobility leads to the conclusion that the hydrate ion rotates following Debye's rotational model. Advantages and drawbacks of the hydrated ion approach to deal with solvation of highly charged cations of transition metals are examined. The structural consequences of adopting a spherical shape for cation when developing potentials are quite different when either the bare or hydrated radius is considered; thus, whereas the small sphere overestimates the first shell coordination number, the big sphere overestimates the second hydration shell, promoting a clathrate structure. Specially designed EXAFS measurements of a set of Cr(NO3)3 aqueous solutions 0.1 M in hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids were carried out and analyzed to investigate the possibility of detecting the halide anion in the first or second hydration shell. Simulations agree with experimental results in the sense that the counterion of Cr3+ hexahydrate is placed in dilute acidic solutions beyond the second hydration shell.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Increases GAP-43 Expression via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2017)

BMSC transplantation could attenuate neurological deficits and activate axonal regeneration in this rat ICH model. The protective effects might be associated with increased GAP-43 expression by activating both the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Combustion Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Open-Chamber Diesel Engine (1987)

The combustion characteristics of an open-chamber diesel engine were examined by means of heat-release analysis and flame luminosity measurements. Increasing the load was found to decrease premixed burning and correspondingly to increase diffusion burning. During most of the diffusion combustion the burning rate of the fuel appeared to be directly proportional to the amount of unburned fuel present in the cylinder. The duration of heat release in crank-angle degrees increased linearly with load and, in general, increased with decreasing engine speed and retarded injection timing. The measured duration of flame luminosity was significantly longer than the calculated duration of heat release, which suggested that emission of radiation continued long after the heat-release reactions ceased.
Il follow-up del paziente sottoposto a rivascolarizzazione coronarica percutanea: impatto potenziale dell’applicazione di un percorso clinico-gestionale strutturato sull’integrazione ospedale-territorio e modulato sul rischio clinico del paziente (2015)

Razionale. Le modalità di follow-up dei pazienti sottoposti a procedura coronarica percutanea (PCI) non sono ancora ben definite e standardizzate. Scopo del presente studio è stato quello di definire: a) la frequenza ed i pattern delle prestazioni cardiologiche (visite, esami ecocardiografici e test provocativi) dopo PCI nella pratica clinica; b) l’impatto di un percorso multidisciplinare di appropriatezza clinica (PAC) per la gestione del follow-up post-PCI, strutturato sulla collaborazione specialista-medico di medicina generale e modulato sul rischio clinico del paziente, in termini di potenziale riduzione del numero di prestazioni ambulatoriali inappropriate e dei tempi di attesa per tali prestazioni, nonché razionalizzazione delle risorse con conseguente impatto economico. Materiali e metodi. La popolazione di studio è costituita da 780 pazienti consecutivi sottoposti a PCI nel 2010 presso due ospedali italiani. È stato registrato il numero di prestazioni cardiologiche (totali, di routine e clinicamente motivate) erogate nei 2 anni dopo la rivascolarizzazione, sia sulla popolazione totale, sia dopo stratificazione in base al profilo di rischio dei pazienti. Inoltre è stata eseguita una simulazione valutando il differenziale tra le prestazioni erogate e quelle previste dalle evidenze scientifiche. Risultati. Il numero medio di prestazioni cardiologiche erogate nei 2 anni di follow-up è stato pari a 5, di cui 4.4 di routine in pazienti asintomatici. Le prestazioni di routine sono state eseguite più frequentemente nei pazienti a basso rischio rispetto a quelli a rischio più elevato. Applicando il PAC al case mix della popolazione in esame e realizzando l’accorpamento delle prestazioni (es. visita e test provocativo) si otterrebbe una riduzione di 0.87 prestazioni/paziente/anno, con una possibile riduzione del 39% delle liste di attesa per questa tipologia di prestazioni nel contesto clinico specifico. Conclusioni. Il presente studio osservazionale evidenzia una tendenza al sovrautilizzo di controlli cardiologici clinici e strumentali nel follow-up dei pazienti sottoposti a PCI. L’applicazione di un PAC può consentire di evitare prestazioni non necessarie, riducendo i costi sanitari.
New neutron cross section and fission yield data for SNManalysis (2003)

Neutron cross-section data are fundamental for the design ofnuclear interrogation systems, the maintenance of nuclear materials andwaste, and the understanding the consequences of nuclear catastrophe.Although a large body of nuclear data exists, it is often old,unreliable, or poorly determined. For several years we have collaborated,as part of an IAEA Coordinated Research Project, to precisely measure thepartial thermal neutron gamma ray cross sections for all elements fromhydrogen to uranium at the Budapest Reactor. These data will replace theunreliable tables of Lone et al [1], still widely in use, and will bepublished as an IAEA TECDOC.
Correction of a splice-site mutation in the beta-globin gene stimulated by triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (2020)

Splice-site mutations in the beta-globin gene can lead to aberrant transcripts and decreased functional beta-globin, causing beta-thalassemia. Triplex-forming DNA oligonucleotides (TFOs) and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been shown to stimulate recombination in reporter gene loci in mammalian cells via site-specific binding and creation of altered helical structures that provoke DNA repair. We have designed a series of triplex-forming PNAs that can specifically bind to sequences in the human beta-globin gene. We demonstrate here that these PNAs, when cotransfected with recombinatory donor DNA fragments, can promote single base-pair modification at the start of the second intron of the beta-globin gene, the site of a common thalassemia-associated mutation. This single base pair change was detected by the restoration of proper splicing of transcripts produced from a green fluorescent protein-beta-globin fusion gene. The ability of these PNAs to induce recombination was dependent on dose, sequence, cell-cycle stage, and the presence of a homologous donor DNA molecule. Enhanced recombination, with frequencies up to 0.4%, was observed with use of the lysomotropic agent chloroquine. Finally, we demonstrate that these PNAs were effective in stimulating the modification of the endogenous beta-globin locus in human cells, including primary hematopoietic progenitor cells. This work suggests that PNAs can be effective tools to induce heritable, site-specific modification of disease-related genes in human cells.
Revisiting the 13C‐label distribution of the non‐oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway based upon kinetic and genetic evidence (2005)

The currently applied reaction structure in stoichiometric flux balance models for the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway is not in accordance with the established ping-pong kinetic mechanism of the enzymes transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) and transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2). Based upon the ping-pong mechanism, the traditional reactions of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway are replaced by metabolite specific, reversible, glycolaldehyde moiety (C(2)) and dihydroxyacetone moiety (C(3)) fragments producing and consuming half-reactions. It is shown that a stoichiometric model based upon these half-reactions is fundamentally different from the currently applied stoichiometric models with respect to the number of independent C(2) and C(3) fragment pools in the pentose phosphate pathway and can lead to different label distributions for (13)C-tracer experiments. To investigate the actual impact of the new reaction structure on the estimated flux patterns within a cell, mass isotopomer measurements from a previously published (13)C-based metabolic flux analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used. Different flux patterns were found. From a genetic point of view, it is well known that several micro-organisms, including Escherichia coli and S. cerevisiae, contain multiple genes encoding isoenzymes of transketolase and transaldolase. However, the extent to which these gene products are also actively expressed remains unknown. It is shown that the newly proposed stoichiometric model allows study of the effect of isoenzymes on the (13)C-label distribution in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway by extending the half-reaction based stoichiometric model with two distinct transketolase enzymes instead of one. Results show that the inclusion of isoenzymes affects the ensuing flux estimates.
Photochemical decomposition of triphenyltriazafulvenes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical decomposition of triphenyltriazafulvenesEdward M. Burgess and Joseph P. SanchezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 1, 176–178Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00941a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00941a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nucleoside, XXVII: Synthese und Eigenschaften von Benzimidazol‐nucleosiden (1978)

Abstract Benzimidazol‐ N 1 ‐α‐ ( 7 ) und ‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosid ( 4 ) werden erneut synthetisiert und durch NMR‐, UV‐ und CD‐Spektren charakterisiert. Die beschriebenen Schmelzpunktsdiskrepanzen von 4 werden durch unterschiedlichen Kristallwassergehalt erklärt. Das 1‐β‐ D ‐Ribofuranosyl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐benzimidazol ( 11 )‐benzimidazol ( 11 ) wird zu 4 entschwefelt bzw. durch Alkylierung in verschiedene 2‐(Alkylthio)‐Derivate 12 – 15 übergeführt.
A new synthetic route to optically active .ALPHA.,.BETA.- and .BETA.',.GAMMA.'-unsaturated alcohols, and its application to the synthesis of a fungitoxic C-18 hydroxy unsaturated fatty acid. (1989)

A new synthetic route to optically active α, β-, β', γ'-unsaturated alcohols was established. The chiral enones (6 and 8), prepared from dimethyl malate via chiral phosphonates (4 and 5), were diastereoselectively reduced with Zn(BH4)2 to afford the 1, 3-syn derivatives (9 and 11). As an application of this 1, 3-asymmetric induction, the fungitoxic C-18 hydroxy unsaturated fatty acid isolated from stromata of Epichloe typhina was synthesized.
Mixed mating strategies and pollination by insects and wind in coconut palm ( Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae)): importance in production and selection (2004)

Abstract 1 Coconut is one of the most important tropical crops. It is threatened by Lethal yellowing disease. Production and selection by breeding require pollination, yet little is known of the pollination requirements and breeding system of this palm. 2 This study was carried out from 1999 to 2001 in coconut plantations represented by five coconut ecotypes commonly found in Mexico. It is the first study in the Neotropics on pollination and the breeding system of this palm. 3 Hymenoptera were the most numerous and diverse visitors to coconut flowers. The greatest period of insect abundance occurred during the rainy season (July to October). Insect abundance on the flowers correlated highly and positively with precipitation. 4 The abundance of visitors to pistillate flowers did not vary with season but there were significant differences between palm ecotypes; the most insect‐visited flowers were of the Atlantic Tall ecotype. 5 The introduced honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) had the most appropriate foraging behaviour, visiting both pistillate and staminate flowers. These insects were probably the most efficient pollinators as they carry pollen on their ventral surface. Ants were present on flowers day and night but had no effect on pollination. 6 Pollination experiments indicated a mixed mating strategy: self‐pollination by geitenogamy produced almost 19% of the fruit set, but cross‐pollination (xenogamy) was the most important contribution ( c . 30%). Anemophilous cross‐pollination only accounted for 10% of fruit set, whereas entomophily became the most important pollination mechanism under Yucatan conditions. 7 As coconut palm grows naturally on the oceanic strand in a wide variety of seasonal conditions of wind and rain, we suggest that they may have evolved pollination, breeding and mating systems that ensure fruit production under a wide variety of conditions, while maximizing the probability of cross‐pollination.
Apparent and true enantioselectivity in enantioseparations (2000)

The separation factor of two compounds in chromatography is the ratio of their equilibrium constants or retention factors. This parameter is universally employed to investigate their resolution and to optimize the experimental conditions of their analysis. In enantioseparations, the situation is more complex because there is a mixed retention mechanism. The retention factor is the sum of two contributions, one enantioselective, the other nonselective. Although both contribute to retention, the latter being identical for the two enantiomers and does not contribute to their separation. We show how these two contributions can be measured and how it becomes necessary to distinguish between the apparent, αapp, and the true, αtrue, separation factors. The existence of nonselective sites is responsible for αapp being less than αtrue. Depending on the difference between these two factors, the more effective approach to improve a separation is either to increase the enantioselectivity or to reduce the nonselective interactions. Practical applications to separations of different β-blockers on cellobiohydrolase are discussed. The apparent enantioselectivity of alprenolol is larger and increases faster with increasing pH than that of the more hydrophobic propranolol, in spite of the importance of hydrophobic interactions in the enantioselective mechanism. These two unexpected properties are discussed and explained. Chirality 12:558–564, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Role of Unsupervised Clustering for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (2007)

In the field of data analysis two terms frequently encountered are supervised and unsupervised methods of data classification and clustering methodologies. While supervised methods mostly deal with training classifiers for known symptoms, unsupervised clustering provides exploratory techniques for finding hidden patterns in the data. With huge volumes of data being generated from different systems everyday, what makes a system intelligent is its ability to analyze the data for efficient decision-making based on known or new cluster discovery. The three-fold contribution of this paper can be summarized as the role of unsupervised clustering for intelligent decision-making process, review of existing unsupervised models, including self-organizing maps (SOM), hierarchical tree (HT) model and quality adaptive threshold (QT) model, and lastly a new hybrid model for unsupervised clustering is proposed. For case study, we have taken the example of an intelligent decision making process in the field of fault diagnosis of industrial robots. The unsupervised models were tested on data obtained from an industrial robot used in the semiconductor industry. This paper presents the first set of results obtained from these four methods and discusses further applications of these methods.
Adaptive classification in integrated ATR/q system (2003)

The design of an adaptive classifier for an integrated automatic target recognition and cuing (ATR/q) system using a passive sensor suite is presented. The system configuration and various functional subsystems are described. To achieve a significant performance level with a strictly passive suite of sensors, the effective fusion of available information is considered. Results of processing test data with an adaptive classifier based on fuzzy decision logic are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phytochrome‐mediated growth inhibition of seminal roots in rice seedlings (2009)

In rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings, continuous white-light irradiation inhibited the growth of seminal roots but promoted the growth of crown roots. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of photoinhibition of seminal root growth. Photoinhibition occurred in the absence of nitrogen but increased with increasing nitrogen concentrations. In the presence of nitrogen, photoinhibition was correlated with coiling of the root tips. The seminal roots were most photosensitive 48-72 h after germination during the 7-day period after germination. White-light irradiation for at least 6 h was required for photoinhibition, and the Bunsen-Roscoe law of reciprocity was not observed. Experiments with phytochrome mutants showed that far-red light was perceived exclusively by phyA, red light was perceived by both phyA and phyB, and phyC had little or no role in growth inhibition or coiling of the seminal roots. These results also suggest that other blue-light photoreceptors are involved in growth inhibition of the seminal roots. Fluence-response curve analyses showed that phyA and phyB control very low-fluence response and low-fluence response, respectively, in the seminal roots. This was essentially the same as the growth inhibition previously observed at the late stage of coleoptile development (80 h after germination). The photoperceptive site for the root growth inhibition appeared to be the roots themselves. All three phytochrome species of rice were detected immunochemically in roots.
DNA polymerases from Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Further characterization, action of inhibitors and associated nuclease activities (1978)

The properties of three DNA polymerase species A, B and C, purified from Chlamydomonas reinhardii were compared. DNA polymerases A and B have Km values with respect to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates of 19 micron and 3 micron respectively. DNA polymerase A is most active with activated DNA, but will also use native DNA and synthetic RNA and DNA templates with DNA primers. DNA polymerase B is also most active with activated DNA, but will use denatured DNA and synthetic DNA templates. It is inactive with RNA templates. DNA polymerase B is completely inactive in the presence of 100 micron-heparin, which has no effect on DNA polymerase A activity. Heparin dissociates DNA polymerase B into subunits that are still catalytically active, but which heparin inhibited. DNA polymerase B possesses deoxyribonuclease activity that is inhibited by 5 micron-heparin, suggesting that the deoxyribonuclease is an integral part of the DNA polymerase moiety. DNA polymerase A is devoid of nuclease activity. DNA polymerase C is similar to DNA polymerase B in all these properties, though it is more active with RNA primers and has greater heat-sensitivity.