gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Approaches in Evolutionary Ecology: Environmental Feedback as a Unifying Perspective (2017)

Evolutionary biology and ecology have a strong theoretical underpinning, and this has fostered a variety of modeling approaches. A major challenge of this theoretical work has been to unravel the tangled feedback loop between ecology and evolution. This has prompted the development of two main classes of models. While quantitative genetics models jointly consider the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of a focal population, a separation of timescales between ecology and evolution is assumed by evolutionary game theory, adaptive dynamics, and inclusive fitness theory. As a result, theoretical evolutionary ecology tends to be divided among different schools of thought, with different toolboxes and motivations. My aim in this synthesis is to highlight the connections between these different approaches and clarify the current state of theory in evolutionary ecology. Central to this approach is to make explicit the dependence on environmental dynamics of the population and evolutionary dynamics, thereby materializing the eco-evolutionary feedback loop. This perspective sheds light on the interplay between environmental feedback and the timescales of ecological and evolutionary processes. I conclude by discussing some potential extensions and challenges to our current theoretical understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
Paleomagnetic studies on single crystals separated from the middle Cretaceous Iritono granite (2018)

Investigations of superchrons are the key to understanding long-term changes of the geodynamo and the mantle’s controlling role. Granitic rocks could be good recorders of deep-time geomagnetic field behavior, but paleomagnetic measurements on whole-rock granitic samples are often disturbed by alterations like weathering, and the presence of multi-domain magnetite. To avoid such difficulties and test the usefulness of single silicate crystal paleomagnetism, here we report rock-magnetic and paleomagnetic properties of single crystals and compare those to the host granitic rock. We studied individual zircon, quartz and plagioclase crystals separated from the middle Cretaceous Iritono granite, for which past studies have provided tight constraints on the paleomagnetism and paleointensity. The occurrence of magnetite was very low in zircon and quartz. On the other hand, the plagioclase crystals contained substantial amounts of fine-grained single-domain to pseudo-single-domain magnetite. Microscopic features and distinctive magnetic behavior of plagioclase crystals indicate that the magnetite inclusions were generated by exsolution. We therefore performed paleointensity experiments by the Tsunakawa–Shaw method on 17 plagioclase crystals. Nine samples passed the standard selection criteria for reliable paleointensity determinations, and the mean value obtained was consistent with the previously reported whole-rock paleointensity value. The virtual dipole moment was estimated to be higher than 8.9 ± 1.8 × 1022 Am2, suggesting that the time-averaged field strength during middle of the Cretaceous normal superchron was several times as large as compared to that of non-superchron periods. Single plagioclase crystals which have exsolved magnetite inclusions can be more suitable for identification of magnetic signals and interpretation of paleomagnetic records than the conventional whole-rock samples or other silicate grains.
Promoter Choice Influences Alternative Splicing and Determines the Balance of Isoforms Expressed from the Mousebcl-X Gene (2001)

Differential splicing from the bcl-X gene generates several isoforms with opposite effects on the apoptotic response. To explore the mechanism controlling the balance between the various isoforms, we have characterized the 5' region of the mouse bcl-X gene. We identified three new promoters in addition to the two previously described (Grillot, D. A., M., G.-G., Ekhterae, D., Duan, L., Inohara, N., Ohta, S., Seldin, M. F., and Núñez, G. (1997) J. Immunol. 158, 4750-4757). These five promoters (P1-P5) would give rise to at least five mRNAs with different 5'-untranslated region, all sharing the same translation initiation site. Except for the product of the most proximal promoter (P1), the other mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing of noncoding exons to a common acceptor site located in the first translated exon. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, primer extension, and RNase protection assays demonstrate a tissue-specific pattern of promoter usage. P1 and P2 are active in all tissues analyzed, whereas the other three promoter show tissue-specific activities. P3 is active in spleen, liver, and kidney, P4 is active in uterus and spleen, and P5 is active in spleen, liver, brain, and thymus. We present evidence suggesting that promoter selection influences the outcome of the splice process. Transcripts from P1 generate mainly the mRNA for the long isoform Bcl-X(L), whereas transcripts from P2 generate mRNAs for the isoforms Bcl-X(L), Bcl-X(S), and Bcl-X(gamma) and transcripts from P3 yield mainly mRNAs for the isoform Bcl-X(gamma). Our results suggest a key role of promoter choice in determining alternative splicing and, thus, the balance of Bcl-X isoforms.
Formulae for consistent biometric score level fusion (2017)

In an operational setting of key practical importance for a biometric application deployment is the ability to set thresholds to meet error rate targets. Consequently there is a need to consider how output scores from multi-modal score-level fusion are defined. We show a method to ensure these fused scores are consistent with a known input score definition. We derive fusion formulae for the case of input scores based on false acceptance rates. We provide examples to highlight implementation issues.
Photosynthetic control by isolated pea chloroplasts (1968)

Isolated pea chloroplasts undergo both cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow. Both processes are coupled to photophosphorylation. During non-cyclic flow the rate of oxygen production showed ADP-governed ;photosynthetic control' analogous to respiratory control of isolated mitochondria. Measurements of ADP/O and photosynthetic control ratios yielded values of 1-1.3 and 2-5.7 respectively. ;Photosynthetic control' was shown to be dependent on the intactness of the chloroplasts.
Agents on the Web: All Agents are Not Created Equal. (1998)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common life-threatening genetic diseases. Jared J. Grantham, M.D., has done more than any other individual to promote PKD research around the world. However, despite decades of investigation there is still no approved therapy for PKD in the United States. In May 2014, the University of Kansas Medical Center hosted a symposium in Kansas City honoring the occasion of Dr. Grantham's retirement and invited all the awardees of the Lillian Jean Kaplan International Prize for Advancement in the Understanding of Polycystic Kidney Disease to participate in a forward-thinking and interactive forum focused on future directions and innovations in PKD research. This article summarizes the contributions of the 12 Kaplan awardees and their vision for the future of PKD research.
Critical issues in De-alloying and transcrystalline stress-corrosion cracking. Progress report, March 1, 1991--February 28, 1992 (1992)

This report describes our progress since the last reporting reporting period (March 1991) and details the third year research plans on the program. The three major components of the program relate to (1) kinetic aspects of the selective dissolution in alloys and the coarsening of de-alloyed layers, (2) measurements of crack dynamics during film induced cleavage processes, and (3) mechanical properties of the intrinsic de-alloyed layers responsible for film-induced cleavage events. We discuss progress in each of these areas below.
Figure S4 from IL1β Expression Driven by Androgen Receptor Absence or Inactivation Promotes Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PC3-ML cells show no difference in luciferase activity between the wild-type promoter and the AREΔ IL-1β promoter, in which the ARE half-site located at -576 was removed.&lt;/p&gt;
Relationship between tumor biomarkers and efficacy in TH3RESA, a phase III study of trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) vs. treatment of physician's choice in previously treated HER2‐positive advanced breast cancer (2016)

In the phase III TH3RESA study (NCT01419197), 602 patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer who received prior taxane therapy and ≥2 HER2-directed regimens, including trastuzumab and lapatinib (advanced setting), were randomized to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) or treatment of physician's choice (TPC). A statistically significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit favoring T-DM1 was demonstrated. Here, we examine the relationship between HER2-related biomarkers and PFS in an exploratory analysis. Biomarkers assessed included HER2 (n = 505) and HER3 (n = 505) mRNA expression, PIK3CA mutation status (n = 410) and PTEN protein expression (n = 358). For biomarkers with continuous data (HER2, HER3, PTEN), subgroups were defined using median values (>median and ≤median). For all biomarker subgroups, median PFS was longer with T-DM1 vs. TPC. The PFS benefit favoring T-DM1 vs. TPC was numerically greater in the HER2 mRNA >median subgroup (7.2 vs. 3.4 months; unstratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28-0.59; p < 0.0001) vs. ≤median subgroup (5.5 vs. 3.9 months; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.92; p = 0.0131). The PFS benefit with T-DM1 was similar among HER3, PIK3CA and PTEN subgroups. Consistent with other reports, benefit was seen with T-DM1 regardless of PIK3CA mutation status. In a multivariate analysis including an interaction term (treatment group by log2-transformed HER2 mRNA), patients with higher HER2 mRNA levels benefited more from receiving T-DM1 (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94; interaction p value = 0.0027). In summary, T-DM1 prolonged median PFS in all biomarker subgroups analyzed, including activating PIK3CA mutations, with numerically greater benefit in patients with tumors expressing HER2 mRNA >median vs. ≤median.
13.56MHz 50W Load-Independent Synchronous Class E Rectifier using GaN devices for Space-Constrained Applications (2018)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a load-independent synchronous Class E rectifier to enable fast and efficient wireless charging in space-constrained applications such as drones and laptops. Load-independent operation allows Class E circuits to maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and a inherently regulated output voltage for any load value without the need for tuning or replacement of components. Load-independent operation also the allows Class E rectifiers to have a constant input reactance that does not vary with loading and coupling. This feature allows the rectifier to present a real impedance to the transmitter side and therefore allows the complete system to operate without detuning of the inverter or the wireless link. Operating at MHz switching frequencies is now possible with the availability of wide-bandgap devices such as GaN resulting in low profile, power dense converters to be realised. Here we present the design process and implementation of a 13.56 MHz 50W load-independent synchronous Class E rectifier using GaN devices for a wireless charging system operating at 13.56 MHz. The derivation of the switching signal and the circuitry to achieve this will also be discussed and initial experimental results will be presented.
Rates of substitution in cis and trans ruthenium(II) aquotetraammines (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of substitution in cis and trans ruthenium(II) aquotetraamminesStephan S. Isied and Henry. TaubeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 12, 3070–3075Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50166a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50166a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyimides from some diaminoanthraquinones and pyromellitic dianhydride (1970)

Abstract : Two new polyimides were synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and two diaminoanthraquinones: 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone and its 1,5-isomer. The synthesis was accomplished through ester-blocked polyimide prepolymers by using methanol as the blocking reagent. The molecular weight of the prepolymer from 2, 6-diaminoanthraquinone was increased by solid-state polymerization, after which the prepolymer was still completely soluble. Dilute solutions of the prepolymer in N,N-dimethylacetamide containing water were stable toward solvolytic degradation. Both polyimides exhibited excellent thermal stability, as measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The polyimide from 2, 6-diaminoanthraquinone showed excellent weight retention, as measured by isothermogravimetric analysis in air at 316 deg C (600 deg F).
Tactile afferents encode grip safety before slip for different frictions (2014)

Adjustments to frictional forces are crucial to maintain a safe grip during precision object handling in both humans and robotic manipulators. The aim of this work was to investigate whether a population of human tactile afferents can provide information about the current tangential/normal force ratio expressed as the percentage of the critical load capacity - the tangential/normal force ratio at which the object would slip. A smooth stimulation surface was tested on the fingertip under three frictional conditions, with a 4 N normal force and a tangential force generated by motion in the ulnar or distal direction at a fixed speed. During stimulation, the responses of 29 afferents (12 SA-I, 2 SA-II, 12 FA-I, 3 FA-II) were recorded. A multiple regression model was trained and tested using cross-validation to estimate the percentage of the critical load capacity in real-time as the tangential force increased. The features for the model were the number of spikes from each afferent in windows of fixed length (50, 100 or 200 ms) around points spanning the range from 50% to 100% of the critical load capacity, in 5% increments. The mean regression estimate error was less than 1% of the critical load capacity with a standard deviation between 5% and 10%. A larger number of afferents is expected to improve the estimate error. This work is important for understanding human dexterous manipulation and inspiring improvements in robotic grippers and prostheses.
Analysis of a waveguide-disk load (2002)

A waveguide-disk load commonly used in radar duplexers is analyzed theoretically. An expression for the input reflection coefficient of the load is derived and verified experimentally. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, it is shown that, for typical absorbers, the most important parameters responsible for matching are the diameter of the load and the height of the gap between the absorber and the junction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recognition of other species' aerial alarm calls: speaking the same language or learning another? (2008)

Alarm calls given by other species potentially provide a network of information about danger, but little is known about the role of acoustic similarity compared with learning in recognition of heterospecific calls. In particular, the aerial 'hawk' alarm calls of passerines provide a textbook example of signal design because many species have converged on a design that thwarts eavesdropping by hawks, and call similarity might therefore allow recognition. We measured the response of fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) to playback of acoustically similar scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis) aerial alarm calls. First, if call similarity prompts escape independent of learning, then fairy-wrens should flee to playback of scrubwren calls outside their geographical range. However, fairy-wrens fled only in sympatry. Second, if call similarity is necessary for learning heterospecific calls, then fairy-wrens should not respond to sympatric species with different calls. We found, on the contrary, that fairy-wrens fled to the very different aerial alarm calls of a honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae). Furthermore, response to the honeyeater depended on the specific structure of the call, not acoustic similarity. Overall, call similarity was neither sufficient nor necessary for interspecific recognition, implying learning is essential in the complex task of sifting the acoustic world for cues about danger.
Cell-cell signaling elicits local Ca 2+ transients in melanocyte dendrites and dendritic spine-like structures (2018)

Abstract Compartmentalized cytoplasmic fluctuations of Ca 2+ within dendrites and dendritic spines regulate a variety of neuronal functions. Like some neurons and glia, melanocytes are neural crest derived and possess dendrites (Adameyko et al., 2009; Erickson et al., 1992; Fitzpatrick and Szabo, 1959). Here, we show that primary human melanocytes, when observed in situ have extensive dendritic branches with dendritic spines similar to neurons. When co-cultured with primary human keratinocytes, they have local Ca 2+ transients within these spines and within the dendrites. These are elicited by secreted factors from adjacent keratinocytes. Thus other cell types with dendrites are capable of compartmentalized Ca 2+ fluctuations in response to cell-cell communication. Furthermore, our observations within intact human skin suggest a more complex communication network between adjacent melanocytes and keratinocytes, and thus a more complex physiology to skin than previous appreciated.
Magnetorheological Materials and their Applications (2007)

Magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological (ER) fluids are suspensions of magnetisable or polarisable micrometre-size particles in a base liquid. Both fluids are controllable since their rheological properties change dramatically, reversibly and repeatedly in response to an applied magnetic or e...
Decomposition of transformer oils: a new approach for the determination of dissolved gases (1997)

The possibility of using a static headspace sampling technique for introducing gases into a chromatograph and performing dissolved-gas analysis automatically was demonstrated in a previous work. The main drawback of the method was the relatively long time that the analytes take to equilibrate between the oil and the headspace. In this paper, the application of mechanical agitation to a viscous matrix to enhance diffusion of the species during the equilibration period was investigated together with the use of an improved nickel catalyst system and a new porous-layer open tubular chromatographic column. The analytical performance of the technique is established and compared with that of method A of the ASTM D 3612 standard procedure. The comparison shows that the technique can be used to assess dissolved gases with the same precision in a much shorter time with a higher sensitivity of detection. An excellent correlation was observed between the analytical results of the two techniques applied to 35 transformer oil samples. The high sensitivity of detection achieved means that transformer fault diagnosis can now be extended to equipment newly commissioned or apparatus other than open breathing equipment, where the total gas content in oil is very low.
Penis, Urethra, Trauma and Fistulas (1990)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1990Penis, Urethra, Trauma and Fistulas Jack W. McAninchM.D Jack W. McAninchJack W. McAninch More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40053-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 143Issue 3March 1990Page: 666-668 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jack W. McAninch More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Metastatic neuroblastoma (NB) to the central nervous system (CNS): Improved outcome with combined modality including 131-I-8H9 or 131-I-3F8 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) delivered through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (2007)

2022 Background: NB metastatic to the CNS (NB-CNS) is difficult to control. We describe a salvage regimen incorporating intra- Ommaya RIT delivered to the CSF. Methods: 37 patients (pts) with NB-CNS (parenchymal masses and/or leptomeningeal [LM] carcinomatosis) treated at MSKCC from 1988 through 2006 were reviewed. Nine (group #1) of 37 pts developed NB-CNS metastasis (median age 3.8 years) and were treated with a salvage regimen: resection of parenchymal masses, 2160 cGy craniospinal irradiation (CSI), intravenous irinotecan and oral temozolomide, and RIT with 131 I-8H9 and or 131 I-3F8 targeting tumor associated antigens on phase I/II studies. Immunotherapy (intravenous anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 plus subcutaneous GM-CSF) was also given for systemic control. Survival was compared to the other 28 (group #2) pts who developed NB-CNS (median age 4.2 years) treated with combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation but without CSI + RIT. Results: All 37 pts had high risk disease at initial diagnosis of NB. 9 of 9 group #1 pts had marrow and/or bony involvement; 6 of 9 had MYCN amplification and 5 of 9 had serum LDH &gt;1500 U/ml. All had intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy prior to CNS relapse. Despite this, the CNS salvage regimen was well-tolerated. Myelosuppression following CSI and chemotherapy was common; 2 pts received stem cell support. All 9 pts in the RIT group are alive and well, disease-free at 3+, 11+, 15+, 18+, 18+, 20+, 22+, 31+, 42+ months since CNS relapse. In contrast, pts in group #2 had a median time to death of 5.5 months, (p&lt;0.0001) for survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusion: Similar to CNS metastases in most other solid tumors, conventional therapies have been ineffective for NB-CNS. The addition of RIT using 131 I-3F8 or 131 I-8H9 is well-tolerated and improves the prognosis for these high risk patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Internet access to a home area network (2001)

The AutoHan project implements a self-configuring software architecture for home area networks that offers an XML-based registry and HTTP-based service. The article begins by introducing the low-level architectures of the AutoHan project that enable different networking technologies to interoperate and define one logical IP network. It then describes the two core services that enable resources to export, discover and interoperate with AutoHan by using these low-level architectures. Finally, the article discusses naming and addressing issues for Internet access and shows how XML and HTTP allowed extension of the system to support Internet access through IHan (Internet home area network).