gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Rice HAL2-like Gene Encodes a Ca2+-sensitive 3′(2′),5′-Diphosphonucleoside 3′(2′)-Phosphohydrolase and Complements Yeast met22 and Escherichia coli cysQ Mutations (1995)

A plant homolog of yeast HAL2 gene (RHL) was cloned from rice (Orizya sativa L.). The RHL cDNA complemented an Escherichia coli cysteine auxotrophic mutant, cysQ, and the yeast HAL2 mutant, met22. The latter is a methionine auxotroph and cannot use sulfate, sulfite, or sulfide as sulfur sources but exhibits wild-type activities of the enzymes necessary to assimilate sulfate and has normal sulfur uptake system. These results demonstrated that HAL2, cysQ, and RHL genes encode proteins with similar function in sulfur assimilatory pathway. The RHL cDNA expressed a 40-kDa protein that was shown to catalyze the conversion of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'(2')-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) to AMP. The enzyme activity is Mg(2+)-dependent, sensitive to Ca2+, Li+, and Na+ and activated by K+. The inhibition by Ca2+ depends on the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio and is reversible by high Mg2+ concentration. The substrate specificity and kinetics of RHL enzyme are very similar to the Chlorella 3'(2'),5'-diphosphonucleoside 3'(2')-phosphohydrolase (DPNPase). Our evidence suggests that this enzyme regulates the flux of sulfur in the sulfur-activation pathway by converting PAPS to APS. Several residues that are essential for the activity of this enzyme were identified by site-directed mutagenesis, and the possible role of DPNPase in salt tolerance is discussed.
Pathways to neurodegeneration (2013)

HIV and aging may cause independent decreases in rs-fcMRI. HIV may lead to a baseline decrease in brain function similar to deterioration that occurs with aging.
Highway test of V2V mesh communications over WSN (2012)

Wireless vehicular communications are one of the most important technologies in the ITS field to improve the transport safety as well efficiency impact. Several standards definitions, hardware developments, research projects, use cases definitions and field operational tests are currently under deployment in order to accelerate the market availability of this technology. Nevertheless, though the possible applications of vehicular communications are defined, there is a lack of availability of completely functional communication technology to support these applications. In this paper we present the results of a V2V communications field operational test using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) as nodes of the VANET and three vehicles that circulate on public highways in free flow traffic situations. These results show that this communications technology is able to support continuous mesh data transmission with enough features of efficiency and reliability to be used as main data source in a big set of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 and Table S1 from Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Methylation Markers Associated with 3q Gain for Detection of Cervical Precancer and Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Overview of MSP results in Verification II. Figure S2: Representative MSP results in cervical tissue specimens. Figure S3: Validation of GHSR, SST and ZIC1 by qMSP in hrHPV-positive cervical scrapes. Figure S4: No association of FAM19A4, CADM1, MAL and miR124-2 methylation levels with 3q gain. Table S1: Number of samples used per study item.&lt;/p&gt;
Advancing Chemical Separations: Unraveling the Structure and Dynamics of Phase Splitting in Liquid–Liquid Extraction (2022)

Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), the go-to process for a variety of chemical separations, is limited by spontaneous organic phase splitting upon sufficient solute loading, called third phase formation. In this study we explore the applicability of critical phenomena theory to gain insight into this deleterious phase behavior with the goal of improving separations efficiency and minimizing waste. A series of samples representative of rare earth purification were constructed to include each of one light and one heavy lanthanide (cerium and lutetium) paired with one of two common malonamide extractants (DMDOHEMA and DMDBTDMA). The resulting postextraction organic phases are chemically complex and often form rich hierarchical structures whose statics and dynamics near the critical point were probed herein with small-angle X-ray scattering and high-speed X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Despite their different extraction behaviors, all samples show remarkably similar critical behavior with exponents well described by classical critical point theory consistent with the 3D Ising model, where the critical behavior is characterized by fluctuations with a single diverging length scale. This unexpected result indicates a significant reduction in relevant chemical parameters at the critical point, indicating that the underlying behavior of phase transitions in LLE rely on far fewer variables than are generally assumed. The obtained scalar order parameter is attributed to the extractant fraction of the extractant/diluent mixture, revealing that other solution components and their respective concentrations simply shift the critical temperature but do not affect the nature of the critical fluctuations. These findings point to an opportunity to drastically simplify studies of liquid-liquid phase separation and phase diagram development in general while providing insights into LLE process improvement.
Antisense overlapping open reading frames in genes from bacteria to humans (1994)

Long Open Reading Frames (ORFs) in antisense DNA strands have been reported in the literature as being rare events. However, an extensive analysis of the GenBank database revealed that a substantial number of genes from several species contain an in-phase ORF in the antisense strand, that overlaps entirely the coding sequence of the sense strand, or even extends beyond. The findings described in this paper show that this is a frequent, non-random phenomenon, which is primarily dependent on codon usage, and to a lesser extent on gene size and GC content. Examination of the sequence database for several prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, demonstrates that coding sequences with in-phase, 100% overlapping antisense ORFs are present in every genome studied so far.
Synthesis and Characterization of Macroalkoxyamines Based on Polyethylene (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Macroalkoxyamines Based on PolyethyleneRicardo Godoy Lopez, Christophe Boisson, Franck D'Agosto, Roger Spitz, Fernande Boisson, Denis Bertin, and Paul TordoView Author Information Laboratoire de Chimie et Procédés de Polymérisation, UMR 140 CNRS/ESCPE, Bât 308 F, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, BP 2077, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Service de RMN de la Fédération des Polyméristes Lyonnais, FR2151/CNRS, 69390 Vernaison, France; and Laboratoire de Chimie, Biologie et Radicaux Libres, Equipe Chimie Radicalaire, Organique et Polymères de Spécialité, CNRS/Université d'Aix-Marseille 1 et 3, 13397 Marseille Cedex 13, France Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 10, 3540–3542Publication Date (Web):April 24, 2004Publication History Received20 February 2004Revised29 March 2004Published online24 April 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma049653ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma049653grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views601Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ethylene polymerization,Functionalization,Hydrocarbons,Polyethylene,Polymers Get e-Alerts
The Saskatchewan Liberal Machine before 1929 (1936)

From 1905, when Saskatchewan was made a province, to 1911, the Liberal party in Saskatchewan controlled both the federal and the provincial patronage. These six years gave it an enviable opportunity for laying firm foundations for a political organization. During the next ten years the federal patronage was in the hands of a Conservative or a Union party but the more important provincial patronage remained with the Liberals. Then in their last eight years of uninterrupted power, the Saskatchewan Liberals once more had the support of a federal Liberal government. Thus for twenty-four years after the formation of the province the Liberal rule over Saskatchewan was uninterrupted, and for fourteen of those years the Liberals also ruled over the Dominion. Until a few years before its defeat in 1929, it seemed as if the longer the party remained in power the stronger grew the party organization. It is this long period of development under favourable conditions which makes the Liberal organization in Saskatchewan worthy of close study. The Liberal party in Saskatchewan, like Liberal and Conservative parties in the other provinces, had two sides to its organization—one formal and ineffective, the other informal and effective. In its formal aspect it resembled party organization elsewhere. The Liberals in each polling sub-division elected one or two representatives. These met to elect a constituency executive. Each constituency executive had one representative on the central council of the provincial party, on which there also sat the executive elected at a party convention. This formal organization, which paid so strict a homage to democratic theory in its pyramidical structure based upon the people's will, was unimportant. The constituency organization, for example, did very little; it met, perhaps, once a year. The formal organization constituted a democratic façade which hid from the common gaze the naked autocracy of effective party management. In the effective party organization which did the work, won the elections, and consequently possessed the reality of political power, appointments were from the top down.
Imaging Techniques in the Evaluation of Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas (1998)

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a highly malignant neoplasm that presents late and carries a dismal prognosis. Despite technical advances, the various imaging modalities used to evaluate and stage a pancreatic adenocarcinoma have not had a significant impact on survival rates. This article describes the various imaging modalities used to image and stage an adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and reviews their relative accuracy and limitations in diagnosing and staging this carcinoma. We conclude that for appropriate staging of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, the combination of a computed axial tomography scan and an endoscopic ultrasound represents an efficient and cost-effective approach.
Complete Polarimetric and Doppler Measurements with a Single Receiver Radar (1991)

The concept of the polarimetric scattering matrix applicable to hydrometeors is reviewed to indicate the total number of measurands that is possible from a radar system with two orthogonal linear polarizations. It is shown how to obtain this complete set of polarimetric measurands together with Doppler spectral moments through a single receiver by proper choice of polarization in a transmit-receive sequence pair.
Wnt Signaling Inhibits Adrenal Steroidogenesis by Cell-Autonomous and Non–Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms (2014)

Wnt/β-catenin (βcat) signaling is critical for adrenal homeostasis. To elucidate how Wnt/βcat signaling elicits homeostatic maintenance of the adrenal cortex, we characterized the identity of the adrenocortical Wnt-responsive population. We find that Wnt-responsive cells consist of sonic hedgehog (Shh)-producing adrenocortical progenitors and differentiated, steroidogenic cells of the zona glomerulosa, but not the zona fasciculata and rarely cells that are actively proliferating. To determine potential direct inhibitory effects of βcat signaling on zona fasciculata-associated steroidogenesis, we used the mouse ATCL7 adrenocortical cell line that serves as a model system of glucocorticoid-producing fasciculata cells. Stimulation of βcat signaling caused decreased corticosterone release consistent with the observed reduced transcription of steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1, Cyp11b1, Star, and Mc2r. Decreased steroidogenic gene expression was correlated with diminished steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1; Nr5a1) expression and occupancy on steroidogenic promoters. Additionally, βcat signaling suppressed the ability of Sf1 to transactivate steroidogenic promoters independent of changes in Sf1 expression level. To investigate Sf1-independent effects of βcat on steroidogenesis, we used Affymetrix gene expression profiling of Wnt-responsive cells in vivo and in vitro. One candidate gene identified, Ccdc80, encodes a secreted protein with unknown signaling mechanisms. We report that Ccdc80 is a novel βcat-regulated gene in adrenocortical cells. Treatment of adrenocortical cells with media containing secreted Ccdc80 partially phenocopies βcat-induced suppression of steroidogenesis, albeit through an Sf1-independent mechanism. This study reveals multiple mechanisms of βcat-mediated suppression of steroidogenesis and suggests that Wnt/βcat signaling may regulate adrenal homeostasis by inhibiting fasciculata differentiation and promoting the undifferentiated state of progenitor cells.
Polarization for arbitrary discrete memoryless channels (2009)

Channel polarization, originally proposed for binary-input channels, is generalized to arbitrary discrete mem-oryless channels. Specifically, it is shown that when the input alphabet size is a prime number, a similar construction to that for the binary case leads to polarization. This method can be extended to channels of composite input alphabet sizes by decomposing such channels into a set of channels with prime input alphabet sizes. It is also shown that all discrete memo-ryless channels can be polarized by randomized constructions. The introduction of randomness does not change the order of complexity of polar code construction, encoding, and decoding. A previous result on the error probability behavior of polar codes is also extended to the case of arbitrary discrete memoryless channels. The generalization of polarization to channels with arbitrary finite input alphabet sizes leads to polar-coding methods for approaching the true (as opposed to symmetric) channel capacity of arbitrary channels with discrete or continuous input alphabets.
Search for mixing-inducedCPviolation using partial reconstruction ofB¯0→D*+Xℓ−ν¯ℓand kaon tagging (2016)

We describe in detail a previously published measurement of CP violation in B0-B¯0 oscillations, based on an integrated luminosity of 425.7 fb-1 collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEPII collider. We apply a novel technique to a sample of about 6 million B¯0→D∗+-ν¯ decays selected with partial reconstruction of the D∗+ meson. The charged lepton identifies the flavor of one B meson at its decay time, the flavor of the other B is determined by kaon tagging. We determine a CP violating asymmetry ACP=(N(B0B0)-N(B¯0B¯0))/(N(B0B0)+N(B¯0B¯0))=(0.06±0.17-0.32+0.38)% corresponding to ΔCP=1-|q/p|=(0.29±0.84-1.61+1.88)×10-3. This measurement is consistent and competitive with those obtained at the B factories with dilepton events.
SQ3370 Activates Cytotoxic Drug via Click Chemistry at Tumor and Elicits Sustained Responses in Injected and Non‐Injected Lesions (2021)

While systemic immuno-oncology therapies have shown remarkable success, only a limited subset of patients benefit from them. Our Click Activated Protodrugs Against Cancer (CAPAC™) Platform is a click chemistry-based approach that activates cancer drugs at a specific tumor with minimal systemic toxicity. CAPAC Platform is agnostic to tumor characteristics that can vary across patients and hence applicable to several types of tumors. We describe the benefits of SQ3370 (lead candidate of CAPAC) to achieve systemic anti-tumor responses in mice bearing two tumors. SQ3370 consists of a biopolymer, injected in a single lesion, followed by systemic doses of an attenuated protodrug™ of doxorubicin (Dox). SQ3370 was well-tolerated at 5.9-times the maximum dose of conventional Dox, increased survival by 63% and induced a systemic anti-tumor response against injected and non-injected lesions. The sustained anti-tumor response also correlated with immune activation measured at both lesions. SQ3370 could potentially benefit patients with micro-metastatic lesions.
Composite Majorana fermion wave functions in nanowires (2012)

We consider Majorana fermions (MFs) in quasi-one-dimensional nanowire systems containing normal and superconducting sections where the topological phase based on Rashba spin-orbit interaction can be tuned by magnetic fields. We derive explicit analytic solutions of the MF wave function in the weak and strong spin orbit interaction regimes. We find that the wave function for one single MF is a composite object formed by superpositions of different MF wave functions which have nearly disjoint supports in momentum space. These contributions are coming from the extrema of the spectrum, one centered around zero momentum and the other around the two Fermi points. As a result, the various MF wave functions have different localization lengths in real space and interference among them leads to pronounced oscillations of the MF probability density. For a transparent normal-superconducting junction we find that in the topological phase the MF leaks out from the superconducting into the normal section of the wire and is delocalized over the entire normal section, in agreement with numerical results obtained in previous studies.
Efficacy of a half dose of oral pyridostigmine in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: three case reports (2003)

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent mental and physical fatigue for at least 6 months. Its pathophysiology is unknown and there is no proven effective treatment. We describe three cases who fulfill the criteria of CFS, in whom a defect of neuromuscular transmission and dysautonomia are present and who respond to acetylcholine-esterase inhibition. Case 1: 18-year-old female with a 3-year history of CFS. Response of compound-muscle-action potential, recorded using surface recording electrode, over left abductor pollicis brevis muscle, to repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) at a rate of 10 Hz showed a 42% incremental response. Composite autonomic scoring system (CASS) showed mild cholinergic impairment (cardiovagal score: 1; sudomotor score: 2). Serological tests for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) revealed positive antiviral capsid antigens (anti-VCA) immunoglobulins G (IgG). Oral pyridostigmine therapy (30 mg) resulted in marked improvement in symptoms. Case 2: 28-year-old female with 10-year history of CFS. RNS, using identical protocol, showed a 60% incremental response over the same muscle. CASS showed mild cholinergic impairment (cardiovagal score: 1; sudomotor score: 2) and this patient was also positive for EBV. This patient responded dramatically to 10-mg pyridostigmine. Case 3: 29-year-old female with a history of CFS for longer than 15 years. Repetitive stimulation, using identical paradigm to left abductor pollicis brevis muscle, showed a 42% incremental response. CASS showed mildly cholinergic impairment (cardiovagal score: 2; sudomotor score: 1). EBV antibody titers were positive. Patient responded to 30-mg pyridostigmine with an improvement in her fatigue. These three cases generate the hypothesis that the fatigue in some patients with clinical CFS might be due to a combination of mild neuromuscular transmission defect combined with cholinergic dysautonomia. Support for this thesis derives from the improvement with cholinesterase inhibition.
Quantifying root lateral distribution and turnover using pine trees with a distinct stable carbon isotope signature (2005)

Summary In order to help assess spatial competition for below‐ground resources, we quantified the effects of fertilization on root biomass quantity and lateral root distribution of mid‐rotation Pinus taeda trees. Open‐top chambers exposed trees to ambient or ambient plus 200 µmol mol −1 atmospheric CO 2 for 31 months. Tank CO 2 was depleted in atmospheric 13 C; foliage of elevated CO 2 trees had δ 13 C of −42·9, compared with −29·1 for ambient CO 2 trees. Roots 1 m from the base of elevated CO 2 ‐grown trees had more negative δ 13 C relative to control trees, and this difference was detected, on average, up to 5·8, 3·7 and 3·7 m away from the trees for 0–2, 2–5 and &gt;5 mm root‐size classes, respectively. Non‐fertilized tree roots extended as far as fertilized trees despite the fact that their above‐ground biomass was less than half that of fertilized trees. These results are informative with respect to root sampling intensity and protocol, and the distances required between experimental manipulations to evaluate below‐ground processes of independent treatments. Fine‐root turnover has usually been estimated to range from weeks to 3 years, representing a major avenue of carbon flux. Using a mixing model we calculated that 0–2 mm roots had a mean residence time of 4·5 years indicating relatively slow fine‐root turnover, a result that has major implications in modelling C cycling.
Excitation Current Source for Bioimpedance Measurement Applications: Analysis and Design (2008)

This paper presents a systematic current source analysis using the transfer function approach. The analysis is done for the so called load-in-loop current source circuit configuration, and is generalized also for the grounded load impedance. Presence of serial and parallel parasitic components is taken into account. The analytical results are used to define criteria for the current source design and to evaluate the expressions for the source parameters estimation. Moreover the load-in-loop current source circuit is proposed in the paper, together with the current source parameters measurement system configuration. In the load-in-loop current source circuit implementation, an inverting amplifier is used with the gain G= -1. Such a choice gives theoretically only two times bigger effective intrinsic impedance value, but is usable for comparing the measured data with the theoretical results and the results of simulation. For this case good accordance of experimental results with the proposed theoretical analysis and the simulation results was achieved.
Sobel Edge Detection Algorithm (2013)

Edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. Sobel which is a popular edge detection algorithm is considered in this work. There exists a function, edge.m which is in the image toolbox. In the edge function, the Sobel method uses the derivative approximation to find edges. Therefore, it returns edges at those points where the gradient of the considered image is maximum. The Sobel operator performs a 2-D spatial gradient measurement on images. It uses a pair of horizontal and vertical gradient matrices whose dimensions are 3×3 for edge detection operations. It will also demonstrate how to build a Sobel detector function of 5 ×5 dimension in matlab to find edges.