gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BRAINIAC: Bringing reliable accuracy into neurally-implemented approximate computing (2015)

Applications with large amounts of data, real-time constraints, ultra-low power requirements, and heavy computational complexity present significant challenges for modern computing systems, and often fall within the category of high performance computing (HPC). As such, computer architects have looked to high performance single instruction multiple data (SIMD) architectures, such as accelerator-rich platforms, for handling these workloads. However, since the results of these applications do not always require exact precision, approximate computing may also be leveraged. In this work, we introduce BRAINIAC, a heterogeneous platform that combines precise accelerators with neural-network-based approximate accelerators. These reconfigurable accelerators are leveraged in a multi-stage flow that begins with simple approximations and resorts to more complex ones as needed. We employ high-level, application-specific light-weight checks (LWCs) to throttle this multi-stage acceleration flow and reliably ensure user-specified accuracy at runtime. Evaluation of the performance and energy of our heterogeneous platform for error tolerance thresholds of 5%-25% demonstrates an average of 3× gain over computation that only includes precise acceleration, and 15×-35× gain over software-based computation.
A simple finite-difference scheme for handling topography with the first-order wave equation (2017)

One approach to incorporate topography in seismic finite-difference codes is a local modification of the difference operators near the free surface. An earlier paper described an approach for modelling irregular boundaries in a constant-density acoustic finite-difference code, based on the second-order formulation of the wave equation that only involves the pressure. Here, a similar method is considered for the first-order formulation in terms of pressure and particle velocity, using a staggered finite-difference discretization both in space and in time. In one space dimension, the boundary conditions consist in imposing antisymmetry for the pressure and symmetry for particle velocity components. For the pressure, this means that the solution values as well as all even derivatives up to a certain order are zero on the boundary. For the particle velocity, all odd derivatives are zero. In 2D, the 1-D assumption is used along each coordinate direction, with antisymmetry for the pressure along the coordinate and symmetry for the particle velocity component parallel to that coordinate direction. Since the symmetry or antisymmetry should hold along the direction normal to the boundary rather than along the coordinate directions, this generates an additional numerical error on top of the time stepping errors and the errors due to the interior spatial discretization. Numerical experiments in 2D and 3D nevertheless produce acceptable results.
Algorithms for generic role assignment in wireless sensor networks (2005)

We consider configuration of wireless sensor networks, where certain functions must be automatically assigned to sensor nodes, such that the properties of a sensor node (e.g., remaining energy, network neighbors) match the requirements of the assigned function. Essentially, sensor nodes take on certain roles in the network as a result of configuration. To help developers with such configuration tasks for a variety of applications, we propose generic role assignment as a programming abstraction, where roles and rules for their assignment can be easily specified using a configuration language. We present such a role specification language and distributed algorithms for role assignment according to such specifications. We evaluate our approach and show that efficient and robust generic role assignment is practically feasible for wireless sensor networks.
Inhaled interleukin-2 therapy in pulmonary metastatic renal cell carcinoma: six years of experience. (1997)

Inhalation of IL-2 is a nontoxic and effective treatment for patients with progressive pulmonary and mediastinal metastases. Inhaled IL-2 effectively prevented progress of pulmonary metastases in 70% of patients. Furthermore, patients could be treated as outpatients and remain employed. Local administration of IL-2 increases therapeutic effectiveness with little or no toxicity.
On the relative efficiencies of context-free grammar (1965)

A number of diverse recognition procedures that have been proposed for parsing sentences with respect to a context-free grammar are described in this paper by means of a common device. Each procedure is defined by giving an algorithm for obtaining a nondeterministic Turing Machine recognizer that is equivalent to a given context-free grammar. The formalization of the Turing Machine has been chosen to make possible particularly simple descriptions of the parsing procedures considered.
Nutritional and hormonal regulation of the gene for malic enzyme. (1998)

In vivo, refeeding starved chickens stimulates transcription of the avian gene for malic enzyme in liver; in hepatocytes in culture, triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin stimulate transcription of this gene. In vivo, starvation, and in hepatocytes in culture, glucagon, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) inhibit transcription of the malic enzyme gene. We have defined a T3-response unit in the 5'-flanking DNA of the malic enzyme gene; it contains one major T3 response element and several minor ones; maximum responsiveness is dependent on the presence of all of these elements. LCFA probably act by inhibiting binding of T3 to its nuclear receptor. MCFA appear to act by a different mechanism. Inhibitory MCFA have chain lengths of six, seven or eight carbons; a common feature of other inhibitory compounds is that they can be metabolized to MCFA. Eight-carbon fatty acids with a hydroxyl on the 2- or 3-carbon are more potent inhibitors than octanoate, whereas 2-bromo-fatty acids and 2-hydroxy hexanoate are not inhibitory. In transfection experiments with a large variety of constructs derived from the malic enzyme 5'-flanking DNA, the ability of fatty acids to inhibit promoter function localizes to regions of DNA that contain T3REs. Promoter function of artificial T3REs also is inhibited by MCFA. Inhibition of promoter function using malic enzyme DNA is relatively constant in magnitude irrespective of the size of the T3 response. We postulate that MCFA directly regulates one of the functions of the T3 receptor.
Switchable Ferroelectric Diode and Photovoltaic Effect in BiFeO 3 (2009)

Unidirectional electric current flow, such as that found in a diode, is essential for modern electronics. It usually occurs at asymmetric interfaces such as p-n junctions or metal/semiconductor interfaces with Schottky barriers. We report on a diode effect associated with the direction of bulk electric polarization in BiFeO3: a ferroelectric with a small optical gap edge of approximately 2.2 electron volts. We found that bulk electric conduction in ferroelectric monodomain BiFeO3 crystals is highly nonlinear and unidirectional. This diode effect switches its direction when the electric polarization is flipped by an external voltage. A substantial visible-light photovoltaic effect is observed in BiFeO3 diode structures. These results should improve understanding of charge conduction mechanisms in leaky ferroelectrics and advance the design of switchable devices combining ferroelectric, electronic, and optical functionalities.
A beta-thalassaemia allele with 3 base substitution in codons 4/5 & 6 (ACT CCT GAG-> ACA TCT TAG) detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis & sequencing. (2000)

We report the analysis of a beta-thalassaemia gene involving three bases in codons 4/5 and 6 (ACT CCT GAG-> ACA TCT TAG) in a confirmed carrier whose child had beta-thalassaemia major. The fragment of the gene carrying the mutation was detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using GC clamped primers, followed by direct sequencing. DGGE analysis indicated that one gene was the wild type (normal) while the sequence changes observed were all in the other gene causing beta-thalassaemia major in the child. This confirms a single case report from Lucknow (UP) and adds to the beta-thalassaemia mutations identified in the beta-globin gene in India and will help in the thalassaemia control programme.
Optimized Radial-Transmission-Line Impedance Transformer for a Petawatt-Class Pulsed-Power Accelerator. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
The Effects of Aircraft Transparencies on Night Vision Goggle-Mediated Visual Acuity (1997)

Night vision goggles (NVGs) are currently used in a wide variety of military aircraft that were not originally designed for NVGs. Likewise, the windscreens and canopies on these aircraft were not designed with NVGs in mind. Present day windscreens and canopies typically have one or more specialized coatings applied to them. These may be reasonably transparent for visible wavelengths but not so transparent for near infrared light to which the NVGs are sensitive. It was hypothesized that the major mechanism by which aircraft transparencies affect the operation of NVGs is through reduced light levels. This would mean that the key characteristic of interest for determining the effect of an aircraft transparency on the operation of the NVGs would be its transmission coefficient calculated using the spectral sensitivity of the NVGs. This hypothesis was tested by investigating visual acuity performance of trained observers viewing through NVGs for three levels of ambient illumination (1, 2 and 5 times starlight) and three levels of NVG- weighted windscreen transmissivities (58, 76 and 100%). In addition, two levels of contrast were included in the study (20 and 70% modulation contrast). Three trained observers determined the orientation of a Landolt C using a two-alternative, forced-choice step paradigm. A luminance-based model was developed to smoothly combine the effects of illumination level and transmission level for each contrast thus supporting the hypothesis. In addition, the results demonstrate the significant difference between individual observer's performance level and the increased difficulty (higher variability) of performance at lower contrast levels.
Protective secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies in humans following oral immunization with Streptococcus mutans (1987)

Ingestion of a vaccine containing killed Streptococcus mutans, originally isolated from each volunteer, daily for 10 consecutive days induced increased levels of specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies to S. mutans cells and two cell surface proteins, glucosyltransferase and surface antigen I/II, in parotid saliva and tears of four healthy males and in parotid saliva, tears, colostrum, and milk of a pregnant woman. In addition, these antibodies inhibited glucosyltransferase activity. Both IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies were induced. The levels of IgA antibodies in all secretions remained significantly above preimmunization levels for more than 50 days after oral administration of antigen. A second series of immunizations for 7 consecutive days resulted in even higher levels of sIgA antibodies, which peaked earlier and persisted longer than those observed after the primary immunizations. No increase in levels of antibodies in serum were detected in any subject. Antibodies reactive with human heart and kidney antigens could not be detected in saliva, tears, colostrum, milk, or serum samples collected at any time during the immunization regimen. The numbers of viable S. mutans organisms in dental plaque and whole saliva decreased after each series of immunizations, which correlated with increased levels of IgA antibodies in saliva, suggesting that IgA antibodies in saliva were responsible for the reduced adherence of this bacterium. These results indicate that ingested S. mutans antigen induces secretion of specific IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies in saliva, tears, colostrum, and milk, providing further evidence for the existence of a common mucosal immune system.
EUV source optimization driven by fundamental diffraction considerations (2017)

Illumination Source Optimization is a very fundamental task for the lithographer. For upcoming EUV lithography we expect quite some commonality and similar source shapes to be used when comparing with immersion lithography, but we also expect some new aspects specific to EUV. In this paper we present a methodology to predict optimum source shapes for simple test patterns by studying basic diffraction properties. This knowledge can then be used in understanding the outcome of real life optimizations by full scale Source Mask Optimization routines, where the lithographer will take many clips and many additional aspects (e.g. illuminator efficiency) into account.
Stimulus-Induced Oscillations in Guard Cell Cytosolic Free Calcium (1995)

Martin R. McAinsh, Alex A. R. Webb, Jane E. Taylor, Alistair M. Hetherington, Stimulus-Induced Oscillations in Guard Cell Cytosolic Free Calcium, The Plant Cell, Vol. 7, No. 8 (Aug., 1995), pp. 1207-1219
Measurements of the Rotordynamic Response of a Rotor Supported on Porous Type Gas Bearing (2018)

A test rig is built in this study to measure the rotordynamic response of a rotor supported on porous-type gas bearings. A rotor with a double impulse turbine at one end is driven by compressed air and supported on two porous type journal gas bearings and a pair of bump-type thrust gas bearings. The rotor is accelerated to ∼25 krpm and coasted down in the test. The rotor dynamic response is measured for different bearing supply pressures (i.e., 0.40 MPa, 0.45 MPa, and 0.50 MPa) and imbalance masses (i.e., 85 mg, 150 mg, and 215 mg). Synchronous and subsynchronous amplitudes are extracted from the rotor responses. The critical speed increases as the bearing supply pressure increases, but the damping ratio decreases. The onset speed of subsynchronous motion increases, and the subsynchronous amplitude decreases as the bearing supply pressure increases. The deceleration time is more than 5 min for a bearing supply pressure of 0.5 MPa, which reveals the very low drag friction of the porous gas bearings. The synchronous amplitude increases as the imbalance increases for all the tested bearing supply pressures. The critical speeds for different imbalances are almost the same, except for the out-of-phase imbalance condition under a bearing supply pressure of 0.50 MPa, in which the critical speed increases as the imbalance increases. The normalized synchronous amplitude shows the rotor-bearing system behaves almost in a linear fashion for all in-phase imbalance conditions. Nonlinear behavior is shown around the critical speed for the 215 mg out-of-phase imbalance condition under a bearing supply pressure of 0.50 MPa. The onset speed of the subsynchronous motion decreases as the imbalance increases under the in-phase imbalance condition. The predominant mode of vibration changes from cylindrical to conical and then back to cylindrical as the rotor speed decreases during the coast down test for the in-phase imbalance conditions. However, the rotor vibration mode is predominantly conical during the whole coast down test for the out-of-phase imbalance conditions.
3-[(2R)-Amino-2-phenylethyl]-1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)- 6-methylpyrimidin-2,4-dione (NBI 42902) as a Potent and Orally Active Antagonist of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor. Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro and in Vivo Characterization (2005)

Further structure-activity relationship studies of a series of substituted uracils at the 1, 3, and 5 positions resulted in the discovery of several potent antagonists of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Uracils bearing a side chain derived from phenylglycinol at the 3-position were shown to be orally bioavailable in monkeys. 3-[(2R)-Amino-2-phenylethyl]-1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-2,4-dione (R-13b, NBI 42902) displayed subnanomolar binding affinity (K(i) = 0.56 nM) and was a potent functional antagonist (IC(50) = 3.0 nM in Ca(2+) flux assay) at the human GnRH receptor. It also bound to the monkey GnRH receptor with high affinity (K(i) = 3.9 nM). In addition, R-13bhad good plasma exposure in cynomolgus monkeys after oral administration, with a C(max) of 737 ng/mL and an AUC of 2392 ng/mL.h at a 10 mg/kg dose. Moreover, oral administration of R-13b to castrated male cynomolgus monkeys resulted in a significant decrease in serum levels of luteinizing hormone. These results demonstrate that compounds from this series of uracils are potent GnRH antagonists with good oral bioavailability and efficacy in nonhuman primates.
Chapitre premier. L’énigme More (1995)

Redécouvrir Thomas More paraît bien présomptueux, d’autant que, dans moins de vingt-cinq ans – ce qui est peu – les interprètes intarissables de L’Utopie de Thomas More fêteront son cinq centième anniversaire – ce qui est beaucoup. Le succès étonne, tant le texte agace par sa versatilité : est-ce de la philosophie, de la politique, une satire, un message chrétien, un exercice de style, un jeu littéraire, un exercice scolastique ou un « amusement de législateur en chambre » ? En même temps, l’...
Comparison of Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Antibody Status in Nonhospitalized Children and Adolescents (2022)

Background: The prevalence of long-term symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nonhospitalized pediatric populations in the United States is not well described. The objective of this analysis was to examine the presence of persistent COVID symptoms in children by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody status. Methods: Data were collected between October 2020 and May 2022 from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody REsponse Survey, a statewide prospective population-based survey among 5-90 years old. Serostatus was assessed by the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Self-reported antigen/polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 test results and persistent COVID symptom status/type/duration were collected simultaneously. Risk ratios for persistent COVID symptoms were calculated versus adults and by age group, antibody status, symptom presence/severity, variant, body mass index and vaccine status. Results: A total of 82 (4.5% of the total sample [n = 1813], 8.0% pre-Delta, 3.4% Delta and beyond) participants reported persistent COVID symptoms (n = 27 [1.5%] 4–12 weeks, n = 58 [3.3%] &gt;12 weeks). Compared with adults, all pediatric age groups had a lower risk for persistent COVID symptoms regardless of length of symptoms reported. Additional increased risk for persistent COVID symptoms &gt;12 weeks included severe symptoms with initial infection, not being vaccinated and having unhealthy weight (body mass index ≥85th percentile for age and sex). Conclusions: These findings highlight the existence of nonhospitalized youth who may also experience persistent COVID symptoms. Children and adolescents are less likely to experience persistent COVID symptoms than adults and more likely to be symptomatic, experience severe symptoms and have unhealthy weight compared with children/adolescents without persistent COVID symptoms.
Nanohale – Herstellung und Charakterisierung bioabbaubarer Nanopartikel und ihre Anwendung an der isolierten Kaninchenlunge (2008)

Einleitung: Die Entwicklung einer Controlled Release-Formulierung bietet durch retardierte Wirkstofffreisetzung und Drug Targeting besonders im Bereich der inhalativen Anwendung viele Vorteile und Therapiemöglichkeiten. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, mit dem Polyester Di-methylaminopropylamine(24)-Poly(vinylalcohol)-g-Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (1:7,5) vernebelbare und bioabbaubare Nanopartikel (NP) zur kontrollierten Freisetzung des Modellmedikaments 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (CF) zu entwickeln.
A Vehicular Driving Assistant System Using Spread Spectrum Techniques (1998)

This paper presents a vehicular driving assistant system that is applicable to a mixed environment. The system uses spread spectrum techniques and consists of several new systems such as PN code assignment system, new vehicle position systems, and a vehicle map update system. Wireless broadcast CDMA is used for inter-vehicle communications. The system is tested by using an autonomous traffic flow simulator including inter-vehicle communications.
Gravity Balancing of a Human Leg using an External Orthosis (2007)

Gravity balancing is often used in industrial machines to decrease the required actuator efforts during motion. In this paper, we present a new design for gravity balancing of the human leg using an external orthosis. This external orthosis is connected to the human leg on the shank and its other end is fixed to a walking frame. The major issues addressed in this paper are: (i) design for gravity balancing of the human leg and the orthosis, (ii) kinematic compatibility of the human leg and the external orthosis during walking, (iii) comparison of the joint torque trajectories of the human leg with and without external orthosis, and (iv) effects of variation of the link lengths and masses of the human leg on the inertia of the external orthosis. We illustrate feasible 2D and 3D designs of the external orthosis through computer simulations. Fabrication of this design will be the subject of future work.
Use of soluble peptide–DR4 tetramers to detect synovial T cells specific for cartilage antigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

Considerable evidence indicates that CD4(+) T cells are important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the antigens recognized by these T cells in the joints of patients remain unclear. Previous studies have suggested that type II collagen (CII) and human cartilage gp39 (HCgp39) are among the most likely synovial antigens to be involved in T cell stimulation in RA. Furthermore, experiments have defined dominant peptide determinants of these antigens when presented by HLA-DR4, the most important RA-associated HLA type. We used fluorescent, soluble peptide-DR4 complexes (tetramers) to detect synovial CD4(+) T cells reactive with CII and HCgp39 in DR4(+) patients. The CII-DR4 complex bound in a specific manner to CII peptide-reactive T cell hybridomas, but did not stain a detectable fraction of synovial CD4(+) cells. A background percentage of positive cells (<0.2%) was not greater in DR4 (DRB1*0401) patients compared with those without this disease-associated allele. Similar results were obtained with the gp39-DR4 complex for nearly all RA patients. In a small subset of DR4(+) patients, however, the percentage of synovial CD4(+) cells binding this complex was above background and could not be attributed to nonspecific binding. These studies demonstrate the potential for peptide-MHC class II tetramers to be used to track antigen-specific T cells in human autoimmune diseases. Together, the results also suggest that the major oligoclonal CD4(+) T cell expansions present in RA joints are not specific for the dominant CII and HCgp39 determinants.
STUDY OF RESIDUAL STRESSES INDUCED BY LASER-SHOCKS (1991)

No abstract available
Conducting laboratory experiments over the Internet (1999)

We report on an interactive on-line laboratory for remote education called Automated Internet Measurement Laboratory (AIM-Lab), which utilizes the Internet and the World Wide Web. AIM-Lab allows efficient use of laboratory equipment in both regular and laboratory courses, especially in a distance-learning environment. Our approach is based on newly developed software packages and commercial measurement equipment. As an example, we describe an application of remote experiments on semiconductor device characterization, which can be freely accessed on the Web.