gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Endogenousd-Amino Acid-Containing Neuropeptides in Individual Neurons Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2011)

RNA-based protein synthesis produces L-amino acid-containing proteins and peptides. D-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) can be generated from L-amino acid peptides via post-translational modification. In the nervous system, the conformational change of a single L-amino acid in a peptide to its D-form results in altered bioactivity, with some DAACPs having orders-of-magnitude enhanced efficacy. However, this modification is often overlooked when characterizing endogenous peptides. Here, with the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrometry, neuropeptides that have the second residue isomerized to the D-isoform are distinguished from their L-epimers via differences in the relative amounts of specific fragment ions during tandem MS. With the appropriate fragment ions chosen, and in some cases with the use of metal adducts, epimer discrimination is optimized. Specifically, the cardioexcitatory peptide Asn-(D)Trp-Phe-amide (NdWFa) was assayed directly from neurons isolated from the sea slug Aplysia californica; the fraction of the peptide with the second residue (W) in the D- versus L-form was 90 ± 10%. We demonstrate that this approach is well suited for confirming DAACPs directly from cells and tissue, advancing our understanding of the l to d modification and the role it plays in cell-to-cell signaling.
Frequency‐Upconverted Stimulated Emission by Up to Six‐Photon Excitation from Highly Extended Spiro‐Fused Ladder‐Type Oligo(p‐phenylene)s (2021)

Abstract Frequency‐upconverted fluorescence and stimulated emission induced by multiphoton absorption (MPA) have attracted much interest. As compared with low‐order MPA processes, the construction of high‐order MPA processes is highly desirable and rather attractive, yet remains a formidable challenge due to its inherent low transition probability. We report the observation of the first experimental frequency‐upconverted fluorescence and stimulated emission by simultaneous six‐photon excitation in an organic molecular system. The well‐designed organic conjugated system based on cross‐shaped spiro‐fused ladder‐type oligo( p ‐phenylene)s (SpL− z , z =1–3) manifests reasonably high MPA cross‐sections and brilliant luminescence emission simultaneously. The six‐photon absorption cross‐section of SpL‐3 with an extended π‐conjugation was evaluated as 8.67×10 −169 cm 12 s 5 photon −5 . Exceptionally efficient 2‐ to 6‐photon excited stimulated emission was achieved under near‐infrared laser excitation.
Randomized Prospective Comparison of Visian Toric Implantable Collamer Lens and Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy for Moderate to High Myopic Astigmatism (2007)

The TICL performed better than PRK in all measures of safety (BSCVA), efficacy (UCVA), predictability, and stability in this comparison, supporting the TICL as a viable alternative to existing refractive surgical treatments.
<title>Solid state disk laser for high-average power</title> (2003)

This work describes an edge-pumped solid-state disk laser for high-average power and presents parametric studies of absorbed pump density and gain profile.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Enantiopure 1‐(Diphenylphosphino)‐ 2,1′‐((1‐N,N‐dimethylamino)‐1,3‐propanediyl)‐ferrocene (III) and Its Palladium Dichloride Complex, a New Ligand for Enantioselective Catalysts. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetics of cognitive disorders (2005)

Abstract Disorders of cognition impair mental processes mediating awareness, perception, reasoning, or judgment, and consequently interfere with thought. Although interindividual differences in human cognition are easily observed, little is known about the genetic factors underlying such phenotypic variation, or the relationship of such variation to disease. Global measures of intelligence, such as Spearman's “g”, are heritable and thus likely to engender new links between genes and cognition. However, the breadth of these measures may limit the extent to which mechanistic insights are obtained. Finding readily measurable and heritable components of disease (endophenotypes) represents one of the most promising avenues for a precise understanding of how individual genes come to modulate brain function. The high heritability of interindividual differences in brain morphology suggests that a more thorough understanding of disease‐associated structural variation may clarify the relationship between individual genes and disorders of cognition. Identification and study of endophenotypes for autism and disorders of spoken and written language will facilitate a deeper understanding of how genetic variation comes to modulate the structure and function of particular neural systems and in turn contributes to specific cognitive deficits.
A Field Recombinant Strain Derived from Two Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV-1) Modified Live Vaccines Shows Increased Viremia and Transmission in SPF Pigs (2019)

In Europe, modified live vaccines (MLV) are commonly used to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. However, they have been associated with safety issues such as reversion to virulence induced by mutation and/or recombination. On a French pig farm, we identified a field recombinant strain derived from two PRRSV-1 MLV (MLV1). As a result, we aimed to evaluate its clinical, virological, and transmission parameters in comparison with both parental strains. Three groups with six pigs in each were inoculated with either one of the two MLV1s or with the recombinant strain; six contact pigs were then added into each inoculated group. The animals were monitored daily for 35 days post-inoculation (dpi) for clinical symptoms; blood samples and nasal swabs were collected twice a week. PRRS viral load in inoculated pigs of recombinant group was higher in serum, nasal swabs, and tonsils in comparison with both vaccine groups. The first viremic contact pig was detected as soon as 2 dpi in the recombinant group compared to 10 and 17 dpi for vaccine groups. Estimation of transmission parameters revealed fastest transmission and longest duration of infectiousness for recombinant group. Our in vivo study showed that the field recombinant strain derived from two MLV1s demonstrated high viremia, shedding and transmission capacities.
Plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to closure, locking and constriction of the Dionaea muscipula Ellis trap (2019)

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can influence plant signalling, physiology and development. We have previously observed that an argon plasma jet in atmospheric air can activate plant movements and morphing structures in the Venus flytrap and Mimosa pudica similar to stimulation of their mechanosensors in vivo. In this paper, we found that the Venus flytrap can be activated by plasma jets without direct contact of plasma with the lobe, midrib or cilia. The observed effects are attributed to RONS, which are generated by argon and helium plasma jets in atmospheric air. We also found that application of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or HNO<sub>3</sub> aqueous solutions to the midrib induces propagation of action potentials and trap closing similar to plasma effects. Control experiments showed that UV light or neutral gas flow did not induce morphing or closing of the trap. The trap closing by plasma is thus likely to be associated with the production of hydrogen peroxide by the cold plasma jet in air. Understanding plasma control of plant morphing could help design adaptive structures and bioinspired intelligent materials.
Energetics during robot-assisted training predicts recovery in stroke (2018)

Clinical investigators have asserted patients should be active participants in the therapy process in stroke rehabilitation. While robotics introduces new tools for measurement and treatment of motor impairments, it also presents challenges for evaluating how much a patient contributes to observed movements during training. Our approach employs established methods of inverse dynamics combined with measurements of human motion and interaction forces between the human and robot. Here, we investigated whether measures of patient active involvement predict the level of upper limb recovery due to robot-assisted therapy. Stroke survivors (n=11) completed "exploration" training with customizable forces that increased their velocities (i.e., negative damping). While our results showed a mild trend between mechanical work during training and expanded velocity capability (Pearson r = 0.57), we found significant correlations with the amount of positive work (i.e., propulsion; r = 0.77), but not negative work (i.e., braking; r = 0.41). This work supports robotic tools that encourage more positive work.
Active Immunization Strategies Using Anti-ldiotypic Antibodies (1992)

This chapter discusses active immunization strategies using anti-ldiotypic antibodies. An idiotype or idiotypic determinant (Id) is the antigenic site associated with the variable (V) region of the antibody molecule. The V region of an antibody molecule exhibits two properties. The first property is the capacity to bind or recognize antigen. The second property is the ability of the Id to induce an immune response and be recognized by an antibody. Within the V region, specific antigen contact domains termed complementarity determining regions (CDRs), along with domains that may or may not be involved in antigen binding, termed framework regions, play a major role in the dual properties associated with an antibody V region. It is the latter characteristic, namely, the ability of the Id to induce an immune response and be recognized by an antibody that imparts the ability of an Id to represent a putative vaccine. Several studies have indicated that anti-Id and/or anticlonotypic reagents can mimic glycolipids, polysaccharides, and other nonproteinaceous molecules that represent possible targets for the induction of protective immunity against a number of organisms.
Improving the Techniques for Human Hepatocyte Transplantation: Report from a Consensus Meeting in London (2021)

On September 6 and 7, 2009 a meeting was held in London to identify and discuss what are perceived to be current roadblocks to effective hepatocyte transplantation as it is currently practiced in the clinics and, where possible, to offer suggestions to overcome the blocks and improve the outcomes for this cellular therapy. Present were representatives of most of the active clinical hepatocyte transplant programs along with other scientists who have contributed substantial basic research to this field. Over the 2-day sessions based on the experience of the participants, numerous roadblocks or challenges were identified, including the source of cells for the transplants and problems with tracking cells following transplantation. Much of the discussion was focused on methods to improve engraftment and proliferation of donor cells posttransplantation. The group concluded that, for now, parenchymal hepatocytes isolated from donor livers remain the best cell source for transplantation. It was reported that investigations with other cell sources, including stem cells, were at the preclinical and early clinical stages. Numerous methods to modulate the immune reaction and vascular changes that accompany hepatocyte transplantation were proposed. It was agreed that, to obtain sufficient levels of repopulation of liver with donor cells in patients with metabolic liver disease, some form of liver preconditioning would likely be required to enhance the engraftment and/or proliferation of donor cells. It was reported that clinical protocols for preconditioning by hepatic irradiation, portal vein embolization, and surgical resection had been developed and that clinical studies using these protocols would be initiated in the near future. Participants concluded that sharing information between the groups, including standard information concerning the quality and function of the transplanted cells prior to transplantation, clinical information on outcomes, and standard preconditioning protocols, would help move the field forward and was encouraged.
Cancellation techniques of co‐channel interference in asynchronous spread spectrum multiple access systems (1983)

Abstract A spread spectrum multiple access (SSMA) communication scheme employing asynchronous code‐multiplexing technique has been used in both mobile and satellite communication systems. One shortcoming of the SSMA system is the co‐channel interference due to the correlations among the pseudo noise (PN) sequences being used by multiple channels. Such co‐channel interference in the reception limits the number of channels that can share one common frequency band. Furthermore, there is a distant‐dependent problem of different received‐powers from different transmitters. This paper describes a technique for cancelling the co‐channel interference in asynchronous SSMA systems. This technique does not treat the co‐channel interference as thermal noise. It considers the co‐channel interference as components that can be recreated at each receiver. If the correlations among the PN sequences of all the active channels become known, the co‐channel interference can be cancelled using the linear algebraic approach. As a result, a larger number of channels can share the same frequency band more efficiently. Further, if initial synchronization can be implemented then the distant‐dependent problem can be alleviated.
An introduction to silanes and their clinical applications in dentistry. (2004)

Dental materials offer a continuously challenging forum for silanes, and silanes will play an essential role in material development.
Observation of electromagnetic Dalitz decaysJ/ψ→Pe+e− (2014)

Based on a sample of $(225.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{6}$ $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ events collected with the BESIII detector, the electromagnetic Dalitz decays of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}(P={\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}/\ensuremath{\eta}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})$ are studied. By reconstructing the pseudoscalar mesons in various decay modes, the decays $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are observed for the first time. The branching fractions are determined to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(5.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.31)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(1.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, and $\mathcal{B}(J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})=(7.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.50)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones systematic.
Deletion of the spf (spot 42 RNA) gene of Escherichia coli (1986)

To investigate the function of spot 42 RNA, a small RNA of Escherichia coli, we constructed a strain in which spf, the structural gene for this RNA, is deleted. We achieved this by using a delta att phage lambda carrying a DNA fragment spanning the spf region but with a precise deletion of spf. By integration of this phage at the spf locus and by its subsequent excision, we were able to cross the spf deletion onto the bacterial chromosome. The fact that such a deletion could be obtained indicated that spf is not an essential gene. We did not observe any major defect in delta spf cells, although in one strain background the deletion caused a slight growth impairment.
Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions Using α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylpyrroles as Highly Reactive Monodentate α,β‐Unsaturated Ester Surrogates. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CRC-assisted error correction in a trellis coded system with bit stuffing (2011)

This paper introduces a new error correction strategy using cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) for a trellis coded system in the presence of bit stuffing. The proposed receiver is designed to simultaneously demodulate, decode and correct the received message in the presence of bit stuffing. It is based on a Viterbi algorithm exploiting the conditional transitions of an appropriate extended trellis. The receiver is evaluated with automatic identification system (AIS) messages constructed with a 16 bit CRC and a Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation. The stuffed bits are inserted after any sequence of five consecutive bits 1 as requested by the AIS recommendation. Simulation results illustrate the algorithm performance in terms of packet error rate. A gain of more than 2.5dB is obtained when compared to the conventional GMSK receiver.
Plasmon-induced electron injection into the large negative potential conduction band of Ga2O3for coupling with water oxidation (2020)

In this study, an interfacial modification layer was applied to improve the plasmon-induced light energy conversion of a gallium(iii) oxide (Ga2O3) photoelectrode, which possesses a much more negative conduction band potential compared with the reduction potential of photons to hydrogen. The plasmon-induced photocurrent generation under visible light irradiation was observed with Au nanoparticle-loaded Ga2O3 (Au-NPs/Ga2O3). An interfacial modification was carried out by depositing a titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin-film layer on Au-NPs/Ga2O3via atomic layer deposition. Since the surface states of TiO2 possess excellent hole-trapping ability, this interfacial modification remarkably improved the generation of plasmon-induced photocurrent in the visible region. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of interfacially modified Au-NPs/Ga2O3 showed a TiO2 thin-film thickness dependence because the migration of hot carriers was suppressed with increasing TiO2 thickness. The Au-NPs/Ga2O3 photoelectrode modified with 2 nm-thick TiO2 showed the best photoelectric conversion performance, and the thermodynamic energy conversion efficiency under irradiation with 600 nm light was approximately two times larger than that of the Au-NPs/TiO2-thin film due to the extremely negative onset potential of Au-NPs/Ga2O3 with TiO2. Therefore, the plasmonic Ga2O3 photoanode with the interfacial TiO2 modification could provide both a high reduction ability for H2 evolution and an oxidation ability for water oxidation, because of the negative conduction band of Ga2O3 and the hole-trapping property from TiO2, respectively.
Apalutamide (APA) or enzalutamide (ENZA) in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). (2019)

263 Background: In non-metastatic CRPC with short PSA doubling time, APA or ENZA with ADT have shown to slow development of metastasis. We performed an indirect comparison of APA and ENZA clinical effectiveness (efficacy and side effects) using network meta-analysis. Methods: A search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify relevant RCTs. Collected data included hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) for primary outcome of median time to metastasis free survival (MFS) and secondary outcomes of median time to overall survival (OS), PSA progression, initiation of cytotoxic therapy and number of adverse events (AE) in each study arm. Risk for bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. We used a fixed effects model using Bayesian approach to generate pooled estimates. Results: Two randomized trials (n=2608) were analyzed. SPARTAN trial compared APA plus ADT to ADT alone and PROSPER compared ENZA plus ADT to ADT alone. Risk of bias was low. There were no statistically significant differences between APA and ENZA in MFS, OS, median time to PSA progression and initiation of cytotoxic therapy. The MFS endpoint hazard ratio (HR) was 0.97 (95% CI 0.73-1.28) for comparing the two drugs. APA had fewer reports of hypertension (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.91) compared to enzalutamide. However, no significant differences were observed in other AEs including grade 3 or higher AE, serious AE, AE leading to death or trial discontinuation. Common AEs (nausea, diarrhea, fall, dizziness, arthralgia, weight loss) and AEs of special interests (mental impairment disorders, seizures) were also comparable between APA and ENZA. Conclusions: In non-metastatic CRPC with short PSA doubling time, APA and ENZA showed similar time to metastasis free survival. APA was associated with lower incidence of hypertension than ENZA; otherwise, side effect profile was similar. Given similar efficacy and risk profile demonstrated in this study, clinical decision making should depend on other factors such as cost and availability.
Segmented polyurethane: A polyether polymer, II. Two years experience (1971)

Abstract Segmented polyurethane does not indiuce acute toxcity when subjected to intracutaneous and intravascular tests with mices and rabbits. Specimens, which have been implanted in dogs for 18 months, exhibit stability heretofore unattributed tothe general class of polyurethanes. Data on tensile properties, abraxion resistance when wet, tolerance to autoclaving, results of acute toxicity test, and stablity of long‐term implants are described along with appropriate means of processing the polymer into useful biomedial devices.
A transient, microfluidic approach to the investigation of erythrocyte aggregation: The threshold shear-stress for erythrocyte disaggregation (2009)

Detailed analysis of red blood cells (RBCs) aggregation is often required in various clinical studies. Most conventional aggregation indices are dimensionless values and not available for comparison of across studies. Quite recently, we have developed microfluidic aggregometry that enables us to yield a critical shear-stress that are required to aggregate RBCs under the shearing hydrodynamic force. The present study investigated the relationships between the values of the critical shear-stress and conventional aggregation indices by comparing the critical shear-stress measured by the microfluidic aggregometry with the threshold shear-stress measured using a LORCA aggregometer. The results showed that the critical shear-stress did not vary with the hematocrit value while the threshold shear-rate decreased with the hematocrit value. The threshold shear-stress also showed the same hematocrit-independence as the critical shear-stress. These findings assist in rheologically validating the critical shear-stress, as defined in the microfluidic aggregometry, within the present range of hematocrit values.