gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing Animal Manure to Minimize Phosphorus Losses from Land to Water (2020)

Eutrophication is the most pervasive concern to freshwater and estuarine water bodies worldwide, with phosphorus (P) pollution continuing to expand the extent of eutrophication, its impacts on aquatic life and its disruption of the benefits of ecosystems to humankind. This chapter seeks to frame manure management strategies and practices to minimize P losses to water, with a focus on manure properties, land application, farmstead infrastructure, and farming systems. Successful manure management strategies must consider aspects of animal production systems that, at first glance, do not appear to connect directly with on-farm manure management practices such as handling, storage, and application. Stacking of dry manure is a common, short-term management practice in which dry manure is staged in the field prior to land application. Relocating stack site is needed when field stacking of manure is practiced.
Abrasive wear studies on maleic anhydride modified polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate blends (2007)

Polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate (PP/PET) blends have been developed, with and without maleic anhydride (MAH), by using a melt and mixing method. Abrasive wear loss in PP/PET blends having 5, 10, 20, and 50 wt% of PET, with and without MAH, has been determined. Addition of MAH reduced the density and impact strength and increased the tensile strength of blends. It has been found that at 3 N load the wear rate of PP/PET/MAH blends decrease. This reduction in wear rate at 3N load is due to the increased cross-linking created by the addition of small-size MAH. At 5 N load, abrasive wear rate reduced for PP/PET 95/5 and 90/10 blends on adding MAH. At 7 N load, wear rate of PP/PET(95/5) having MAH shows a reduction in wear rate compared to pure PP/PET blend. MAH addition on the wear rate of PP/PET blend at 7 N load shows that wear rate of PP/PET(95/5) blend for 6.4m sliding distance reduced from 3.85 × 10 −10 to 3.38 × 10 −10 m 3 /m. Wear rate, at 7 N load, for PP/PET(90/10) blend increased on adding MAH. Similarly, at 7 N load the PP/PET(80/20) and PP/PET(50/50) blends showed an increase in wear rate on adding MAH. Reversal of the wear rate trend from decrease to increase on adding MAH has been observed for more than 10 wt% blend at 7 N load. This can be explained based on the following two reasons: (a) at higher PET content, effective bonding between components of blends reduced and (b) higher loads would have increased the ploughing and cutting of the surface, which would have resulted in increased wear rate after 10 wt% PET loading. In the case of 50 PET loading, poor bonding of PP and PET was observed in worn surfaces. The majority of PET is present as second phase in the blend. In the case of PP/PET(50/50) blend, high wear rate is dominated by PET phase.
A Case of Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis and Scleritis in a Patient with Pustular Psoriasis (2014)

Purpose: To report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis and scleritis in a patient with pustular psoriasis. Case summary: A 62-year-old male presented with skin lesions on the hands and feet and pain in the right eye, which started a few days prior. Corrected visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye and 0.7 in the left eye at initial visit. Corneal edema, erosion, ulcer and peripheral corneal infiltration of the right eye were observed. However, anterior chamber reaction was not observed. Histological analysis of hand skin lesions indicated pustular psoriasis. The patient was initially treated with topical antibiotics and a combined therapy of oral and topical steroids for ocular symptoms. As a result, the right eye showed slight improvement and the oral steroid was discontinued. One month after the initial visit, scleritis appeared on the left eye and topical and oral steroids were restarted for both eyes. Two months after the initial visit, ocular symptoms were improved significantly and corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in both eyes. The mild peripheral corneal opacity remained in the right eye, but the previous inflammations in both eyes were improved. Conclusions: As shown in this case, possibility of peripheral corneal infiltration, corneal ulcer and scleritis should be considered in patients with pustular psoriasis and topical and systemic steroids should be administered if accompanying ocular manifestations occur.
Current therapies for chronic hepatitis C (2003)

Treatment options for chronic HCV infection have evolved significantly over the last few years, and current therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin is effective in 50% to 60% of patients with previously untreated infection. Although there is some encouraging progress in new antiviral drug development for hepatitis C, it will be several years before any of these novel compounds are available in clinical practice. In the interim, pegylated interferon and ribavirin remain the cornerstone of therapy. Healthcare providers have an important role in educating and selecting appropriate patients for therapy, recognizing common side effects, establishing a team approach to the management of chronic HCV infection, and keeping abreast of changes in treatment guidelines.
Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Sildenafil Orodispersible Film Administered by the Supralingual and the Sublingual Route to Healthy Men (2018)

In healthy men, sublingual and supralingual administration of sildenafil ODF resulted in a remarkably similar pharmacokinetic profile and confirmed the safety of both study treatments. The recently marketed sildenafil ODF, administered by both investigated routes, can provide a valuable alternative to the marketed solid oral forms (tablets) in ED treatment.
Interfacing U.S. census map files with statistical graphics software: Application and use in epidemiology (1993)

In 1990, the United States Bureau of the Census released detailed geographic map files known as TIGER/Line (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing). The TIGER files, accessible through purchase or federal repository libraries, contain 24 billion characters of data describing various geographic features including coastlines, hydrography, transportation networks, political boundaries, etc. for the entire United States. Many of these physical features are of potential interest in epidemiological case studies. Unfortunately, the TIGER data base only provides raw alphanumeric data; no utility software, graphical or otherwise, is included. Recently, the S statistical software package has been extended to include a map display function. The map function augments S's high-level approach towards statistical analysis and graphical display of data. Coupling this statistical software with the map data base developed for U.S. Census data collection will facilitate epidemiological research. We discuss the technical background necessary to utilize the TIGER data base for mapping with S. Two types of S maps, segment-based and polygon-based, are discussed along with methods to construct them from TIGER data. Polygon-based maps are useful for displaying regional statistical data, such as disease rates or incidence at the census tract level. Segment-based maps are easier to assemble and are appropriate when the data are not regionalized. Census tract data of AIDS incidence in San Francisco and lung cancer case locations relative to petrochemical refinery sites in Contra Costa County are used to illustrate the methods and potential uses of interfacing the TIGER data base with S.
The impact of antenna diversity on the capacity of wireless communication systems (1994)

For a broad class of interference-dominated wireless systems including mobile, personal communications, and wireless PBX/LAN networks, the authors show that a significant increase in system capacity can be achieved by the use of spatial diversity (multiple antennas), and optimum combining. This is explained by the following observation: for independent flat-Rayleigh fading wireless systems with N mutually interfering users, they demonstrate that with K+N antennas, N-1 interferers can be nulled out and K+1 path diversity improvement can be achieved by each of the N users. Monte Carlo evaluations show that these results also hold with frequency-selective fading when optimum equalization is used at the receiver. Thus an N-fold increase in user capacity can be achieved, allowing for modular growth and improved performance by increasing the number of antennas. The interferers can also be users in other cells, users in other radio systems, or even other types of radiating devices, and thus interference cancellation also allows radio systems to operate in high interference environments. As an example of the potential system gain, the authors show that with 2 or 3 antennas the capacity of the mobile radio system IS-54 can be doubled, and with 5 antennas a 7-fold capacity increase (frequency reuse in every cell) can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Predictors of response to insulin therapy in youth with poorly‐controlled type 2 diabetes in the TODAY trial (2019)

Response to add-on insulin was highly variable among youth in TODAY. Greater insulin sensitivity and higher adiponectin concentrations at randomization were associated with improved glycemic control after initiation of insulin. Due to limited information on adherence to insulin injections, the roles of adherence to the prescribed insulin regimen or psychosocial factors are unknown.
P565First characterization of high-power short-duration radiofrequency ablation with remote magnetic navigation assistance (2020)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements MEYS- CR (ref#LQ1605 and LM2015062) Background/Introduction High-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation relies on the application of intense thermal fields for a carefully restricted time, in order to quickly obtain deep but precise lesions that spare the structures surrounding the heart. The approach is still under evaluation across different therapies and catheter technologies. To the present day there is no available characterization of HPSD ablation supported by remote magnetic navigation (RMN). Purpose To describe the safety issues regarding HPSD ablation in atria and ventricles with RMN systems, while characterizing the thermal lesion size and continuity in an acute closed-chest swine model. Methods The animal trial was divided in two arms (left ventricular and atrial). 10 female large white pigs (6-month-old weight 55-65 kg) were employed in each arm. Endocardial electroanatomical mapping and ablation were performed with RMN assistance to provide stable contact and flexible maneuvering. The ventricular cohort was divided in 5 power settings (30-40-50-60-70W). Multiple RF applications (10 ca./animal) were delivered until a pop occurred or up to 60s. In the atrial cohort the animals were divided by a combination of power/application time (50W/20s – 70W/10s – 90W/4s). Intracaval right atrial ablation lines and postero-lateral left atrial lines were performed in a point-by-point fashion (ca. 4mm distance). Irrigation rate was 30ml/min. The ventricular lesions were measured via software after 9.4T MRI of fixed hearts. The atrial lesions were measures during pathological examination after explanation. Results In the ventricular arm, we obtained a safety calibration curve linking the imposed power setting to the maximal time of application. The time before a pop decreased non-linearly from 60s down to 17.69 ± 8.21 s at 70W. No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing lesions depth, width and volume among the selected power settings. In the atrial arm we observed on the post-ablation maps a significant decrease of intracaval lesions (i.e. area with bipolar voltage &amp;lt;1.5mV) width (17.57 ± 1.89 mm for 50W/4s down to 10.16 ± 1.56 mm for 90W/4s). Pericardial, pleural and aortic damages were visible across all the employed settings, with less pronounced alterations for 90W/4s. Transmural lesions were visible both on the right and left atrium, with evident gaps for 50W/20s. Conclusion The presented work assesses for the first time the safety limits of HPSD ablation on healthy ventricular myocardium. We provide a calibration curve for faster RF ablation with comparable lesion features. Furthermore, we expanded the previously reported application in the atrium adding the benefits of stable controlled contact provided by RMN systems. We highlighted the benefits (e.g. faster, continuous and localized lesion formation) and risks for peripheral structures using HPSD ablation for supraventricular tachycardia interventions. Abstract Figure.
Local Preirradiation of Infarcted Cardiac Tissue Substantially Enhances Cell Engraftment (2021)

The success of cell therapy for the treatment of myocardial infarction depends on finding novel approaches that can substantially implement the engraftment of the transplanted cells. In order to enhance cell engraftment, most studies have focused on the pretreatment of transplantable cells. Here we have considered an alternative approach that involves the preconditioning of infarcted heart tissue to reduce endogenous cell activity and thus provide an advantage to our exogenous cells. This treatment is routinely used in other tissues such as bone marrow and skeletal muscle to improve cell engraftment, but it has never been taken in cardiac tissue. To avoid long-term cardiotoxicity induced by full heart irradiation we developed a rat model of a catheter-based heart irradiation system to locally impact a delimited region of the infarcted cardiac tissue. As proof of concept, we transferred ZsGreen<sup>+</sup> iPSCs in the infarcted heart, due to their ease of use and detection. We found a very significant increase in cell engraftment in preirradiated rats. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that preconditioning the infarcted cardiac tissue with local irradiation can substantially enhance cell engraftment.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1. (2018)

Ultrastable cyclic peptide frameworks offer great potential for drug design due to their improved bioavailability compared to their linear analogues. Using the sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) peptide scaffold in combination with systematic N-methylation of the grafted pharmacophore led to the identification of novel subtype selective melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonists. Multiple bicyclic peptides were synthesized and tested toward their activity at MC1R and MC3-5R. Double N-methylated compound 18 showed a p Ki of 8.73 ± 0.08 ( Ki = 1.92 ± 0.34 nM) and a pEC50 of 9.13 ± 0.04 (EC50 = 0.75 ± 0.08 nM) at the human MC1R and was over 100 times more selective for MC1R. Nuclear magnetic resonance structural analysis of 18 emphasized the role of peptide bond N-methylation in shaping the conformation of the grafted pharmacophore. More broadly, this study highlights the potential of cyclic peptide scaffolds for epitope grafting in combination with N-methylation to introduce receptor subtype selectivity in the context of peptide-based drug discovery. PMID: 29605997 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM108040
Hyperbranched poly(ionic liquid) functionalized poly(ether sulfone) membranes as healable antifouling coatings for osmotic power generation (2019)

Membrane fouling and membrane deterioration are two major concerns since they greatly worsen membrane performance in pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and shorten the membrane lifetime.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF (TRIFLUOROACETYL)DICYANOMETHANIDE (1985)

Abstract Beim Einleiten von C 2 F 4 in eine Lösung von NaCN in Acetonitril entsteht ein Gemisch der Anionen (II) und (III) (Hauptprodukt), die sich als gelbes bzw. rotes Tetraphenylarsoniumsalz in sehr geringen Ausb. (in g angegeben) isolieren lassen.
Controlling the Charge of a Specific Surface Atom by the Addition of a Non-Site-Specific Single Impurity in a Si Nanocrystal (2005)

We show, by use of self-consistent calculations, that the charge on a radical surface site (RSS) on a hydrogen-terminated silicon nanocrystal can be controlled by the addition of a non-site-specific dopant atom. An RSS is a surface defect where the H-termination is missing. This new effect has important implications for future hybrid semiconductor/molecular nanoelectronics. We also calculate the energy and wave function of the RSS state and its nanoscale interactions with the dopant atom.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for Smart Home Reliable Pedestrian Localization (2021)

Today's elderly face physical problems that reduce their independence to perform daily activities. The integration of environmental and body sensors in smart homes is a pertinent solution to provide a better quality of life in safer conditions. People localization and tracking in indoor environments are among the main services to be developed to follow them at home and allow them to assess their physical states. In this paper, we propose to localize and track the center of pressure of people (one or more) in a smart home using a load sensing floor and wearable sensors. Data fusion is performed using an informational filter where an inverted pendulum biomechanical model is introduced. The results obtained are very promising and have been validated using a motion tracking system and force plates.
Affinity maturation of antibodies requires integrity of the adult thymus (2011)

The generation of B-cell responses to proteins requires a functional thymus to produce CD4(+) T cells which helps in the activation and differentiation of B cells. Because the mature T-cell repertoire has abundant cells with the helper phenotype, one might predict that in mature individuals, the generation of B-cell memory would proceed independently of the thymus. Contrary to that prediction, we show here that the removal of the thymus after the establishment of the T-cell compartment or sham surgery without removal of the thymus impairs the affinity maturation of antibodies. Because removal or manipulation of the thymus did not decrease the frequency of mutation of the Ig variable heavy chain exons encoding antigen-specific antibodies, we conclude that the thymus controls affinity maturation of antibodies in the mature individual by facilitating the selection of B cells with high-affinity antibodies.
A LABORATORY COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS (2011)

In revision total hip replacement, bone loss can be managed by impacting porous bone chips. In order to guarantee sufficient mechanical strength, the bone chips have to be compacted. The aim of this study was to determine in an in vitro simulation whether the use of a pneumatic hammer leads to higher primary stability than manual impaction. Bone mass characteristics were measured by force and distance variation of a penetrating punch, which was lowered into a plastic cup filled with bone chips. From these measurements bulk density, contact stiffness, impaction hardness and penetration resistance were calculated for different durations of impaction. We found that the pneumatic method reached higher values of impaction hardness, contact stiffness and bulk density suggesting an increase in stability of the implant. No significant differences were found between the two different methods concerning the penetration resistance. The pneumatic method might reduce the risk of fracture in vivo, as force peaks are smaller and applied for a shorter period. Results from manual impaction showed higher variability and depend much on the experience of the surgeon. The pneumatic hammer is a suitable tool to standardise the impaction process.
PASS: An ImageNet replacement for self-supervised pretraining without humans (2021)

Computer vision has long relied on ImageNet and other large datasets of images sampled from the Internet for pretraining models. However, these datasets have ethical and technical shortcomings, such as containing personal information taken without consent, unclear license usage, biases, and, in some cases, even problematic image content. On the other hand, state-of-the-art pretraining is nowadays obtained with unsupervised methods, meaning that labelled datasets such as ImageNet may not be necessary, or perhaps not even optimal, for model pretraining. We thus propose an unlabelled dataset <strong>PASS</strong>: Pictures without humAns for Self-Supervision. PASS only contains images with CC-BY license and complete attribution metadata, addressing the copyright issue. Most importantly, it contains no images of people at all, and also avoids other types of images that are problematic for data protection or ethics. We show that PASS can be used for pretraining with methods such as MoCo-v2, SwAV and DINO. In the transfer learning setting, it yields similar downstream performances to ImageNet pretraining even on tasks that involve humans, such as human pose estimation. PASS does not make existing datasets obsolete, as for instance it is insufficient for benchmarking. However, it shows that model pretraining is often possible while using safer data, and it also provides the basis for a more robust evaluation of pretraining methods.<br> <br> A simple download script is here: https://github.com/yukimasano/PASS/blob/main/download.sh<br> Visit our webpage here: https://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/research/pass/
Effects of Cesium Cations in Lithium Deposition via Self-Healing Electrostatic Shield Mechanism (2014)

Lithium (Li) dendrite formation is one of the critical challenges for rechargeable Li metal batteries. The traditional method of suppressing Li dendrites, by using high-quality solid electrolyte interphase films, cannot effectively solve this problem. Recently, we proposed a novel self-healing electrostatic shield (SHES) mechanism to achieve dendrite-free Li deposition by adding so-called non-Li+ SHES additives in electrolytes, which adsorb but do not deposit on the active sites of Li electrodes and thus force Li to be deposited in the region away from protuberant tips. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of the cesium cation (Cs+) as the typical non-Li cation suitable for the SHES mechanism is further investigated in detail to reveal its effects on preventing the growth of Li dendrites. Typical adsorption behavior rather than chemical reaction is observed. The existence of Cs+ cations in the electrolyte does not change the components or structure of the Li surface film, which is consistent with what the SHES mechanism predicts. Various factors affecting the effectiveness of the SHES mechanism are also discussed. The morphologies of the deposited Li films are smooth and uniform during the repeated deposition–stripping cycles and at various current densities (from 0.1 to 1.0 mA cm–2) by adding just a small amount (0.05 M) of Cs+ additive in the electrolyte.