gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of vibration and acoustic noise in induction motor driven by three phase PWM AC chopper using static induction transistors (1989)

A three-phase pulse-width-modulated (PWM) chopper that uses a static induction transistor (SIT) to chop the three-phase AC voltage with a 20 kHz carrier frequency and control an induction motor is proposed. Harmonic components in the voltage and current waveforms do not appear in the audio frequency band with this method. When each terminal of the motor is connected to a 4 mu F capacitor, the terminal voltage and line current waveforms are almost sinusoidal. The motor speed is controlled by changing the on-time width of the gate signal. The power spectrum of the chopper-driven motor is calculated using a fast Fourier transform and measured. The results are used to reduce vibration and acoustic noise in the motor, which is confirmed by measurement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Minihepcidins: Small Peptides Involved in Disulfide Exchange with Ferroportin Act as Agonists (2010)

The hepcidin‐ferroportin interaction is the central regulatory event in systemic iron homeostasis. To facilitate the understanding of hepcidin structure and to aid the development of useful hepcidin agonists we searched for the minimal structure that would display hepcidin agonist activity. The bioactivity of candidate peptides was assayed by flow cytometry measuring the degradation of GFP‐ferroportin in a cellular model. We previously showed that the five N‐terminal residues, DTHFP, were essential but not sufficient for bioactivity. Our ferroportin studies identified C326 cysteine thiol as an essential feature of the binding site for hepcidin suggesting that disulfide exchange may be necessary for hepcidin agonist activity. We therefore synthesized a series of minihepcidins that contained the N‐terminus but also included the first or second cysteine in a thiol form. These peptides exerted substantial bioactivity. Substitution of the cysteine with isosteric serine not capable of disulfide exchange ablated minihepcidin activity, as did blocking of the cysteine thiol. Substitution with unnatural amino acids capable of disulfide exchange retained activity and confirmed the importance of ligand‐receptor disulfide formation. Additional substitutions were devised to increase the resistance of hepcidin to proteolysis and its chemical stability. Small hepcidin agonists should provide the benefit of decreased cost of production, favorable pharmacokinetics and possibly oral bioavailability, which should make them useful as therapeutics for iron overload disorders.
Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits glucagon-induced cAMP formation in hamster hepatocytes: a role for PKC (1995)

The effect of bile acids on adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis was investigated in isolated hamster hepatocytes. Bile acids had no direct effect on cAMP production. However, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibited, by approximately 45%, cAMP formation induced by concentrations of glucagon greater than 1 nM, with a respective half-maximum inhibitory effect observed at 4 +/- 2 microM. Similar inhibition was observed with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Chenodeoxycholic, murocholic, and taurodeoxycholic acids were the next most potent bile acids. Taurolithocholic acid was 100-fold less potent than UDCA, whereas both ursocholic and taurocholic acids had no effect at concentrations up to 0.5 mM. Neither bile acids nor PMA affected either the binding of glucagon to its receptor, the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, adenylate cyclase, or the inhibitory and stimulatory (Gs) GTP-binding proteins. The inhibitory effect of PMA and UDCA on glucagon-induced cAMP synthesis was abolished in the presence of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine. Furthermore, UDCA induced PKC translocation from cytosol to membrane and stimulated phosphorylation of an 80-kDa protein substrate for PKC. In conclusion, mediated by PKC activation, bile acids inhibit glucagon-induced cAMP synthesis by uncoupling the glucagon receptor and Gs.
An STM for molecules and wide-bandgap crystal (2009)

We are all influenced by Nicolai Delone’s research. Through much of his career, his influence reached Canada through his published papers. However, Professor Delone visited the National Research Council of Canada’s laboratories at least three times from about 1989 to 1995. At that time he was primarily interested in stabilization. Stabilization refers to the fact that, as the intensity of laser light illuminating an atom is increased, the ionization rate passes through a maximum, then falls. Surprisingly the atom becomes stable against ionization at very high intensities.
Coral mortality and recovery in response to increasing temperature in the southern Arabian Gulf (2002)

Analysis of a new data set for sea surface temperature shows that the seawater temperature rise in 1998 in the southern Arabian Gulf was the largest since 1870; it also showed that there is an underlying rising trend of sea surface temperature across the whole of the measured area spanning 5 degrees longitude and 3 degrees latitude. Over the last 50 years, sea surface temperature rise was about 0.2°C per decade, though this has accelerated to about 0.45°C per decade in the last 20 years. The pattern in temperature values in each 1 degree ‘cell’ are used to show that, at any one time, temperature rises towards the east of this area, which supports the concept of a general anti-clockwise circulation in the southeastern half of the Arabian Gulf. Spatial and temporal patterns in sea surface temperature rises also show that the mean temperature field at any location is similar to that which existed in the one degree cell immediately to its east approximately 30 years earlier. Coral cover in shallow water (&amp;lt;3 m depth) was &amp;lt;1 percent immediately following the 1998 event, due to near total mortality of vast areas of shallow Acropora (stagshorn) corals. Deeper than 3 m there was increasing survival of the large Porites (boulder) corals, survival increasing with depth. Coral survival improved towards the east, though overall, less than twenty coral species were found altogether. Juvenile recruitment also increased towards the east, and at any one site, recruitment increased with increasing depth. The identity of new juveniles was mainly faviid corals, not the Acropora or Porites which dominated these reefs before the 1998 event. This suggests that there may be a phase shift to a different stable state in terms of coral communities. We also speculate that, because the Arabian Gulf contains an extreme warm-tolerant subset of the Indian Ocean coral fauna, the changes seen in the Gulf may reflect future patterns across a greater part of the Indian Ocean.
Scintimammography with Tc-99m sestamibi. (1997)

Mammography and physical breast examination are currently the most frequently and recognized screening tools for detection of breast carcinoma. These methods have been proved successful for early detection of breast cancer. Considering the 85% sensitivity associated with combined mammography and physical examination and a low positive predictive value of 20%-30% for diagnosis of breast carcinoma, there is a critical need for a more accurate, noninvasive imaging test to improve the sensitivity and specificity of mammography (7, 19, 20). Since early 1992, we have studied over 1200 women with clinically and/or mammographic abnormalities prior to breast biopsy and/or fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast. We have evaluated the role of Tc 99m Sestamibi as a complimentary procedure to conventional mammography in detection of breast carcinoma. The preliminary results of our studies have been published elsewhere (14, 17, 18). DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company in the USA on that basis, determined to conduct a multicenter clinical trial for the role of this radiopharmaceutical for the diagnosis of breast carcinoma in women with mammographically and/or clinically palpable abnormalities. This study was conducted at 42 institutions throughout the United States and Canada enrolling 673 women who where otherwise scheduled for breast biopsy and/or mastectomy. The preliminary results of this trial in both palpable and nonpalpable breast abnormalities are encouraging (24). Our most recent study on 157 women (mean age 47.9 years +/- 10.2) with 164 lesions with indications for histologic and cytologic analysis who underwent scintimammography with Tc 99m Sestamibi demonstrated the sensitivity of 92.3% and the specificity 87.5% (15). We have concluded that Scintimammography with Tc 99m Sestamibi can be used in conjunction with mammography to improve its specificity.
7—THE MIXING OF FIBRES IN WORSTED YARNS: PART II—FIBRE MIGRATION (1960)

The disposition of wool and nylon fibres within worsted yarns, according to fibre fineness and length, has been studied. Differences in mean fineness between components are associated with a marked predominance of the coarser component in the periphery. This is striking when the two components are separately very uniform, but also occurs in mixtures of wools of markedly different qualities. This phenomenon occurs almost entirely in spinning. Differences of mean fibre length result in the longer fibres being drawn to the centre, especially with very uniform components. This occurs in the later stages of drawing as well as in spinning.
Sudden change detection in turbofan engine behavior (2011)

Snecma, as a turbofan manufacturer, needs to deal with a wide eet of more than thousands of engines. Every day, data from aircraft engines are broadcas- ted to the ground. Some airlines companies rely on their engine manufacturer to control the engines' behavior and help prepare for maintenance scheduling. The goal of the manufacturer is to detect abnormalities to help schedule main- tenance operations. The advantage of the manufacturer as MRO operator is the registered memory of all past events that appears on its eet of engines. If one opens the possibility to look in this huge amount of data for corresponding similar behaviors, which may have append in the past (for all engines of all customer companies), it becomes possible to make some targeted statistics of the future.
On the Use of Filter Bank Based Multicarrier Modulation for Professional Mobile Radio (2013)

Our main emphasis is on the use of enhanced OFDM and filter bank based multicarrier (FB-MC) waveforms for utilizing effectively the available fragmented spectrum in heterogeneous radio environments. Special attention is on the broadband-narrowband coexistence scenario of the Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) evolution. The target here is to provide broadband data services in coexistence with narrowband legacy services of the TETRA family. The core idea is a multi-mode radio platform, based on variable filter bank processing, which is able to perform modulation/detection functions simultaneously for different signal formats with adjustable center frequencies, bandwidths and subchannel spacings.
Internal energy balance and aerodynamic heating predictions for hypersonic turbulent boundary layers (2022)

The internal energy equation for a compressible fluid can be cast in a form that relates the wall heat flux for a turbulent boundary layer to various terms integrated across the layer. We derive and utilize such a relation to investigate the ability of several Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models to predict wall heat flux in a Mach 11 turbulent boundary layer. Data from a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) provide a means for assessing detailed contributions of the integrated model terms to the wall heat flux, helping to determine whether each model is able to obtain the ``right answer for the right reasons.''
Delayed angiogenesis in aging rats and therapeutic effect of adenoviral gene transfer of VEGF (2004)

We have studied an age-related impairment in angiogenesis and evaluated the effect of overexpressing VEGF in this situation. Polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted subcutaneously into aged (24-month), adult (12-month), and young (2-month) rats. Blood vessel ingrowth and proliferative activity in the sponges were assessed by histology with immunostaining for von Willebrand's factor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. The percentage of total sponge area filled with ingrowing fibrovascular tissue was minimal in aged rats, intermediate in adult rats and highest in young rats. A similar pattern was observed for the total blood vessel numbers in the sponges from old to young animals. The percentage of total sponge endothelial cells (ECs) showing proliferative activity (PCNA positive) was lowest in the aged animals, intermediate in the adult rats and highest in the young rats. To further explore the mechanism of impaired angiogenesis in aged animals, we investigated and found a reduced level of endogenous VEGF protein expression in 12-month-old rats compared to that in 2-month-old rats. VEGF121 gene transfer significantly enhanced blood vessel and fibrovascular tissue ingrowth in adult/aged rats. Adenoviral-VEGF gene transfer also significantly stimulated EC proliferation in aged and adult rats. However, identical treatment failed to further stimulate the already more robust angiogenesis in young animals. The different angiogenic response in adult vs. young rats was not due to differences in gene transfer efficiency, since similar levels of human VEGF121 protein was detected in adult and young rats. Our results indicate that the decreased angiogenic response with aging is associated with reduced EC proliferation and reduced endogenous VEGF production. Adenoviral-VEGF121 gene transfer is effective in augmenting angiogenesis, particularly in older animals.
Epidermal growth factor receptor distribution in burn wounds. Implications for growth factor-mediated repair. (1992)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) along with several related peptide growth factors has been shown both in vivo and in vitro to accelerate events associated with epidermal wound repair. EGF and transforming growth factor alpha act by binding to a common EGF receptor tyrosine kinase thereby initiating a series of events which ultimately regulate cell proliferation. This study examined the immunohistochemical localization of EGF receptor (EGF-R) in burn wound margins, adjacent proliferating epithelium, and closely associated sweat ducts, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Tissue specimens removed during surgical debridement were obtained from full and partial thickness burn wounds in 32 patients with total body surface area burns ranging from 2 to 88%. In the early postburn period (days 2-4), prominent staining for EGF-R was found in undifferentiated, marginal keratinocytes, adjacent proliferating, hypertrophic epithelium, and both marginal and nonmarginal hair follicles, sweat ducts, and sebaceous glands. During the late postburn period (days 5-16), EGF-R was depleted along leading epithelial margins; however, immunoreactive EGF-R remained intensely positive in the hypertrophic epithelium and all skin appendages. Increased detection of immunoreactive EGF-R and the presence of [125I]EGF binding in the hypertrophic epithelium correlated positively with proliferating cell nuclear antigen distributions. Thus, the presence of EGF-R in the appropriate keratinocyte populations suggests a functional role for this receptor during wound repair. Dynamic modulation in EGF receptor distribution during the temporal sequence of repair provides further evidence that an EGF/transforming growth factor alpha/EGF-R-mediated pathway is activated during human wound repair.
Local Relighting of Real Scenes (2022)

We introduce the task of local relighting, which changes a photograph of a scene by switching on and off the light sources that are visible within the image. This new task differs from the traditional image relighting problem, as it introduces the challenge of detecting light sources and inferring the pattern of light that emanates from them. We propose an approach for local relighting that trains a model without supervision of any novel image dataset by using synthetically generated image pairs from another model. Concretely, we collect paired training images from a stylespace-manipulated GAN; then we use these images to train a conditional image-to-image model. To benchmark local relighting, we introduce Lonoff, a collection of 306 precisely aligned images taken in indoor spaces with different combinations of lights switched on. We show that our method significantly outperforms baseline methods based on GAN inversion. Finally, we demonstrate extensions of our method that control different light sources separately. We invite the community to tackle this new task of local relighting.
Mechanisms of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2016)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation due to a complex interaction of genetic determinants, disruption of mucosal barriers, aberrant inflammatory signals, loss of tolerance, and environmental triggers. Importantly, the incidence of pediatric IBD is rising, particularly in children younger than 10 years. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation of these patients and highlight environmental exposures that may affect disease risk, particularly among people with a background genetic risk. With regard to both children and adults, we review advancements in understanding the intestinal epithelium, the mucosal immune system, and the resident microbiota, describing how dysfunction at any level can lead to diseases like IBD. We conclude with future directions for applying advances in IBD genetics to better understand pathogenesis and develop therapeutics targeting key pathogenic nodes.
Engineered Trench #3 Infiltration Estimates (2012)

This report documents the appropriate ET#3 infiltration rates to utilize as part of the ET#3 Special Analysis (SA).
Multi Path PERT (2013)

This paper presents a new multipath delay based algorithm, MPPERT (Multipath Probabilistic Early response TCP), which provides high throughput and efficient load balancing. In all-PERT environment, MPPERT suffers no packet loss and maintains much smaller queue sizes compared to existing MPTCP, making it suitable for real time data transfer. MPPERT is suitable for incremental deployment in a heterogeneous environment. PERT, being a delay based TCP protocol, has continuous information about the state of the bottleneck queue along its path. This information is valuable in enabling MPPERT to detect subflows sharing a common bottleneck and obtain a smaller set of disjoint subflows. This information can even be used to switch from coupled (a set of subflows having interdependent increase/decrease of congestion windows) to uncoupled (independent increase/decrease of congestion windows) subflows, yielding higher throughput when best single-path TCP constraint is relaxed. The ns-2 simulations support MPPERT as a highly competitive multipath approach, suitable for real time data transfer, which is capable of offering higher throughput and improved reliability.
Lesion Specific Lameness Incidence on Three California Dairies During 2007 (2008)

Lameness is one of the three most common reasons given for prematurely culling dairy cows. Incidence surveys in the literature have found lameness incidence rates from 7 to 70% in commercial herds of dairy cows. Many dairy producers are not aware of their lameness incidence rates and do not keep records that are conducive to managerial or statistical analysis.
A1 adenosine receptor activation inhibits neurite process formation by rho kinase-mediated pathways (2001)

A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) are expressed in the brain during critical periods of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. To examine influences of A1AR activation on neuronal development we studied the effects of A1AR activation on process growth in PC12 cells expressing A1ARs and in primary cultures of cortical and hippocampal neurons. In PC12 cells, we found that A1AR activation potently inhibited nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite growth and induced stress fiber formation. A1ARs action was not mediated by inhibition of p44/42 MAP kinase activity, as inhibition of MEK/MAP kinase had no effects on A1AR action. When Rho kinase activity was blocked, A1AR agonists no longer inhibited neurite growth and stress fiber formation was blocked. In neurons, A1AR activation also inhibited process growth, and A1AR action was also mediated by Rho kinase. These data show that A1AR activation inhibits neurite growth and that the inhibitory effects of A1AR are dependent on Rho kinase.
The biotransformation of Bupleuri Radix by human gut microbiota (2019)

1. <i>Bupleuri Radix</i> (BR) is a herbal medicine traditionally used orally in oriental countries, which inevitably comes into contact with the intestinal microbiota. However, whether gut microbiota contribute to the biotransformation of BR, and/or the formation of pharmacologically active compounds remains unknown.2. In this study, the main saikosaponins (SAPs) of <i>Bupleurum</i> (including saikosaponin a, b1, b2, c, d, f, h) and BR extract (BRE) were individually incubated with human fecal suspensions (HFS), and metabolic time courses of SAPs and their metabolites by human gut bacteria were systematically characterized.3. Deglycosylation and dehydration were the main metabolic pathways identified for SAPs including newly investigated saikosaponin f (SSf) and saikosaponin h (SSh); dehydration had not been reported previously. A total of 19 dehydrated and deglycosylated metabolites of SAPs were detected and characterized, and 10 of them were newly identified. Moreover, SAPs of BRE were found to be deglycosylated to prosaikogenins. In addition, 13 metabolic pathways related to human gut microbiota were identified for phytochemicals of BRE except for SAPs. Gut microbiota may play a significant role in the biotransformation of BR in humans.
CXCR3 antagonist VUF10085 binds to an intrahelical site distinct from that of the broad spectrum antagonist TAK‐779 (2014)

This more detailed definition of a binding pocket within CXCR3 for low MW antagonists should facilitate the rational design of newer CXCR3 antagonists, with obvious clinical potential.
Vertical, fully-depleted, surrounding gate MOSFETs on sub-0.1 μm thick silicon pillars (2002)

Fabrication of MOSFETs on the sidewall of ultra-thin silicon pillars has been shown. The structures employ a self-aligned drain to enable the use of minimum definable pillar widths. Additionally by moving to a vertical structure, the high current density of surrounding gate MOSFETs can be achieved on conventional bulk substrates, and self-aligned gates can be maintained. These devices exhibit near ideal subthreshold slopes and low DIBL values, making them ideal for low power applications.