gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein atlas of fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1)/S100A4. (2023)

Fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1)/S100A4 is a calcium binding protein which has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tissue fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, metastatic tumour development, increased tumour cell motility and invasiveness. This protein is reported to be also expressed in newly formed and differentiated fibroblasts and has been used in various studies to demonstrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We aimed to characterize S100A4 positive cells in different human tissue compartments, with the focus on fibroblasts/myofibroblast. We found S100A4 expression in a wide range of cells. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts showed a broad spectrum of staining intensity, ranging from negative to strong expression of S100A4, with the strongest expression in smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts. Cells of haematopoietic lineage, namely CD4 and CD8 positive T-lymphocytes, but not B-lymphocytes expressed S100A4. All investigated monocytes, macrophages and specialised histiocytes were positive for S100A4. Even some epithelial cells of the kidney and bladder were positive for S100A4. Expression was also found in the vasculature. Here, cells of the subendothelial space, tunica adventitia and some smooth muscle cells of the tunica media were positive for S100A4. In summary, S100A4 is expressed in various cell types of different lineage and is not, as originally believed, specific for fibroblasts (FSP). Results attained under the premise of specificity of FSP1/S100A4 for fibroblasts, like the founding research on EMT type 2 in kidney and liver, therefore need to be reinterpreted.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Glucose‐6‐phosphate Dehydrogenase Produces Inhibition of L‐type Calcium Channel Current in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (2019)

Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). G6PD is involved in cellular redox regulation by reducing NADP + to NADPH, a primary cellular reducing agent, and PPP produces ribose 5‐phosphate, a substrate necessary for nucleotide synthesis. We used two inhibitors of G6PD, 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), to clarify involvement of G6PD in the regulation of L‐type Ca 2+ channel current ( I Ca,L ) in arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). 6‐AN is converted to 6‐ANADP in the cell to competitively inhibit NADP + binding to G6PD. DHEA is an adrenal steroid hormone with the highest serum concentration among steroid hormones with its sulfate ester DHEAS. DHEA inhibits G6PD in a non‐competitive manner. The potency of DHEAS to inhibit G6PD is about 1/100 of DHEA. DHEA induced relaxation of high K + ‐induced contraction in arterial strips excised from carotid artery and aorta of rat in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, DHEAS did not produce the relaxation. In previous meetings we reported that DHEA inhibits I Ca,L in voltage‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms in ASMCs. 6‐AN produced voltage‐independent inhibition of I Ca,L recorded with 10 mM Ba 2+ as the charge carrier in A7r5 ASMCs. When constant depolarization step was repetitively applied from hyperpolarized HP, 6‐AN (3 mM) gradually induced inhibition of I Ca,L decreasing the peak amplitude of I Ca,L ( I Ca,L, peak) by 25% in 5 min and 45% in 10 min. The inhibition was not reversible by washout of 6‐AN. This was in contrast to DHEA‐induced inhibition of I Ca,L which exhibits rapid onset and rapid recovery by washout. 6‐AN little affected the time course of inactivation of I Ca,L during depolarization steps, while DHEA markedly accelerated the time course. When I‐V relationship was obtained with 5 min interval before and during application of 6‐AN, I Ca,L did not significantly change in control, but decreased in 5 min in the presence of 6‐AN and the inhibition was increased by another 5 min application of 6‐AN. In the presence of 6‐AN, 0.1 mM DHEA rapidly decreased I Ca,L , peak and markedly accelerated the time course of inactivation in a reversible manner. Inhibition of G6PD by 6‐AN and DHEA could inhibit I Ca,L , peak by thiol‐oxidation of Ca V 1.2 channel proteins via decrease of NADPH. DHEA additionally augmented voltage‐dependent inactivation of I Ca,L in a mode of open channel block produced by Ca 2+ channel blockers. Support or Funding Information National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant RO1‐HL‐085352 and ROI‐HL‐132574 to S.A.G. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Electron impact excitation cross section measurements of highly charged heliumlike and lithiumlike ions (1993)

The relative cross sections for electron impact excitation of the heliumlike forbidden line z, intercombination lines y and x, and the resonance line w, together with the associated lithiumlike satellites line q, r, t, u, and v have been measured for Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe on the Livermore electron beam ion trap. The measurements were made near the threshold for excitation of the heliumlike transitions where no other processes can contribute to the excitation of the lines. The uncertainties in the measurements are up to 15% for the heliumlike transitions and between 14 and 27% for the lithiumlike transitions. After normalizing the relative results to theoretical radiative recombination cross sections, we find good agreement with results from a distorted‐wave calculation.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFICIENT COPPER‐CATALYZED OXIDATION OF DIHYDRAZONES OF α‐DIKETONES TO DISUBSTITUTED ACETYLENES (1984)

Abstract In situ aus CuCl erzeugtes Cu(II) katalysiert in Py‐CH 2 Cl 2 die Oxidation von Benzildihydrazon (I) zu Diphenylacetylen (II).
Data from Monitoring Daily Dynamics of Early Tumor Response to Targeted Therapy by Detecting Circulating Tumor DNA in Urine (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Noninvasive drug biomarkers for the early assessment of tumor response can enable adaptive therapeutic decision-making and proof-of-concept studies for investigational drugs. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released into the circulation by tumor cell turnover and has been shown to be detectable in urine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We tested the hypothesis that dynamic changes in EGFR activating (exon 19del and L858R) and resistance (T790M) mutation levels detected in urine could inform tumor response within days of therapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving osimertinib, a second-line third-generation anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Eight of nine evaluable NSCLC patients had detectable T790M-mutant DNA fragments in pretreatment baseline samples. Daily monitoring of mutations in urine indicated a pattern of intermittent spikes throughout week 1, suggesting apoptosis with an overall decrease in fragment numbers from baselines to day 7 preceding radiographic response assessed at 6 to 12 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest drug-induced tumor apoptosis within days of initial dosing. Daily sampling of ctDNA may enable early assessment of patient response and proof-of-concept studies for drug development. The modeling of tumor lysis through the day-to-day kinetics of ctDNA released into the blood and then into the urine is demonstrated in this proof-of-concept study in lung cancer patients receiving anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This strategy may determine the specific clonal populations of cells which undergo apoptosis within the first week of therapy. This has important implications for developing combinational strategies to address inter- and intralesional heterogeneity and characterizing residual disease after initial drug exposure. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4716–23. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On modeling and turbo compression of grayscale images in the Slepian-Wolf context (2004)

In this paper, we frame the grayscale image compression problem according to the Wyner-Ziv problem. We divide the compression process into two separate stages, specifically scalar quantization and Slepian-Wolf coding of correlated discrete random signals. We first explore models of grayscale images leading to image compression scheme based on the Wyner-Ziv problem. Consequently, we develop such a scheme using optimal non-uniform scalar quantization and serial turbo-coding with Latin Square based encoders and report on the obtained simulation results.
Brain Imaging Studies in Leber's Congenital Amaurosis: New Radiologic Findings Associated with the Complex Trait (2010)

Approximately one fifth of the LCA patients in whom brain imaging was performed were associated with brain abnormalities, including the absence of septum pellucidum, which has not been documented in the literature. Brain imaging is mandatory in patients primarily diagnosed with LCA, even without definite neurologic or systemic abnormalities.
"Why Here and Not There?" -- Diverse Contrasting Explanations of Dimensionality Reduction (2022)

Dimensionality reduction is a popular preprocessing and a widely used tool in data mining. Transparency, which is usually achieved by means of explanations, is nowadays a widely accepted and crucial requirement of machine learning based systems like classifiers and recommender systems. However, transparency of dimensionality reduction and other data mining tools have not been considered in much depth yet, still it is crucial to understand their behavior -- in particular practitioners might want to understand why a specific sample got mapped to a specific location. In order to (locally) understand the behavior of a given dimensionality reduction method, we introduce the abstract concept of contrasting explanations for dimensionality reduction, and apply a realization of this concept to the specific application of explaining two dimensional data visualization.
Collaboration Between Host and Viral Factors Shape SARS-CoV-2 Evolution (2021)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, resulting in several ‘variants of concern’ with novel properties. The factors driving SARS-CoV-2 fitness and evolution in the human respiratory tract remain poorly defined. Here, we provide evidence that both viral and host factors co-operate to shape SARS-CoV-2 genotypic and phenotypic change. Through viral whole-genome sequencing, we explored the evolution of two clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 during passage in unmodified Vero-derived cell lines and in parallel, in well-differentiated primary nasal epithelial cell (WD-PNEC) cultures. We identify a consistent, rich genetic diversity arising in vitro, variants of which could rapidly rise to near-fixation with 2 passages. Within isolates, SARS-CoV-2 evolution was dependent on host cells, with Vero-derived cells facilitating more profound genetic changes. However, most mutations were not shared between strains. Furthermore, comparison of both Vero-grown isolates on WD-PNECs disclosed marked growth attenuation mapping to the loss of the polybasic cleavage site (PBCS) in Spike while the strain with mutations in NSP12 (T293I), Spike (P812R) and a truncation of ORF7a remained viable in WD-PNECs. Our work highlights the significant genetic plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 while uncovering an influential role for collaboration between viral and host cell factors in shaping viral evolution and fitness in human respiratory epithelium.
Tunable high-repetition-rate femtosecond few-hundred keV electron source (2015)

Using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that femtosecond few-hundred keV electron pulses can be produced at a high repetition rate by tightly focusing few mJ few-cycle radially polarized laser pulses in a low density gas. In particular, we show that the laser pulse parameters and gas density can be optimized to cover the full 100?300 keV energy window that characterizes ultrafast electron diffraction imaging experiments. The active development of high-power laser sources promises routine operation at 1 kHz and above, allowing time-resolved electron diffraction on the femtosecond time scale.
The hydroxypropylation of starch in a self‐wiping twin screw extruder (2003)

Abstract Potato starch was chemically modified in an APV self‐wiping twin screw extruder to produce hydroxypropylated starch. The product obtained had a molar degree of substitution (MS) between 0.06 and 0.26. The selectivity of the hydroxypropylation reaction varied between 50 and 95%, yields varied between 15 and 95%, and conversions between 30 and 91%. Using viscosity data of native and hydroxypropylated starch, together with extruder parameters like temperatures, residence time distribution, and shear rates, a model was set up to predict the MS values, conversions, and selectivities. With this model, interactions between temperature, reaction, and viscosity can be understood and predicted. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 22: 56–68, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10034
Dumont René et Rosier Bernard — Nous allons à la famine (1967)

Vr. P. Dumont René et Rosier Bernard — Nous allons à la famine. In: Population, 22ᵉ année, n°5, 1967. p. 942.
A wireless sensor network for online identification of rotor blade crack (2016)

Online identification of rotor blades' crack can prevent serious faults in the rotor system. Current wired-based crack identification needs structure modifications to lay out lead wires, which is not suitable for online applications. To achieve the online identification of rotor blades' crack, this note presents an innovative method based on a wireless sensor network (WSN). The WSN's sensors distribution and system's operation sequence are properly designed, and its effectiveness is verified by experimental tests.
Classification Water Film Critical Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Water film is essential cooling technique in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and appear in steam-water separation at the steam generator. In NPP, the film thickness over plant acts a critical stage in the safety and economic points. Therefore, the investigation on the phenomenon of film over the plate is significant, and its flow characteristics are the main study point of the water film examination. The water film phenomenon over the surface has a considerable influence on the steam-water separation efficiency, emergency cooling system, and economic points. Nevertheless, it is important to express the water film characteristics and the inclined angles of the plate because both phenomena describe the technique by an algorithm that takes more time to calculate as well as each experiment has its condition.
The Multiple Roles of Visual Cortical Areas MT/MST in Remembering the Direction of Visual Motion (2000)

Although the role of cortical areas MT and MST (MT/MST) in the processing of directional motion information is well established, little is known about the way these areas contribute to the execution of complex behavioral tasks requiring the use of such information. We tested monkeys with unilateral lesions of these areas on a visual working memory task in which motion signals not only had to be encoded, but also stored for brief periods of time and then retrieved. The monkeys compared the directions of motion of two random-dot stimuli, sample and test, separated by a temporal delay. By increasing the temporal delay and spatially separating the two stimuli, placing one in the affected visual field and the other in the intact visual field, we were able to assess the contribution of MT/MST to specific components of the task: encoding (sample), retention (delay) and encoding/retrieval/comparison (test). We found that the effects of MT/MST lesions on specific components depended upon the demands of the task and the nature of the visual motion stimuli. Whenever stimuli consisted of random dots moving in a broad range of directions, MT/MST lesions appeared to affect encoding. Furthermore, when the lesions affected encoding of the sample, retention of the direction of stimulus motion was also affected. However, when the stimulus was coherent and the emphasis of the task was on the comparison of small direction differences, the absence of MT/MST had major impact on the retrieval/comparison component of the task and not on encoding or storage.
Late Component ERPs are Associated with Three Syndromes in Schizophrenia (2000)

Previous studies have revealed various abnormalities in late-component ERP amplitude and latency in schizophrenia, considered as a diagnostic category. The aim of this study was to investigate the within-sample associations between late-component ERPs and three primary syndromes of schizophrenia Reality Distortion, Psychomotor Poverty and Disorganisation. Subjects included 40 schizophrenics and 40 age and sex matched nonpsychiatric controls. Auditory ERPs (N100, N200, P200, P300) were elicited using an auditory oddball paradigm. Between-group analyses of target data showed reduced N100, N200 and P300 amplitude, increased P200 amplitude and delayed N200 latency in schizophrenics compared to controls. For non-target data, schizophrenics showed similarly reduced N100 amplitude and delayed N200 latency. Within-group analyses of target data showed that the three syndromes (determined by principal component analysis of PANSS ratings) were differentiated by ERP latency, but not amplitude (Disorganisation delayed left hemisphere P200 and P300 latency; Reality Distortion earlier global, midline and left hemisphere N200 latency; Psychomotor Poverty delayed posterior N100 latency). Notably, only Disorganisation showed a divergent pattern of associations with non-target ERP data: reduced P200 amplitude and delayed N100 latency.
Culturally appropriate advisory and governance oversight for the study of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand (2017)

Abstract Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune condition caused by untreated Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory tract (and possibly skin). Multiple or severe attacks of ARF can cause cardiac damage, known as Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). RHD remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality is rare in developed countries. In New Zealand, the disease burden of ARF and RHD amongst Indigenous Maori and Pasifika communities is one of the highest in the world, usually affecting children and young adults. Previous work carried out in New Zealand sought to explore the immunogenetics of ARF and RHD and involved candidate gene analysis techniques utilizing samples from individuals diagnosed with RHD where a functional variant in the gene encoding the interleukin IL-6 cytokine known as IL-6 rs1800797 was found to be significantly associated with RHD. Current work seeks to explore the genetic susceptibility to ARF/RHD in greater depth using more advanced genome-wide technology. An international genome wide association study (GWAS) is currently underway to further understand the genetics of ARF/RHD using data obtained from global sources. To undertake the proposed GWAS work and amend the original New Zealand study, an Advisory team comprised of Pasifika and Māori representatives comprised of community leaders, researchers, scientists, and academics is providing the appropriate governance, cultural support and guidance essential for the project work.
Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Recessed-Channel PtSe2 MOSFETs With Low Contact Resistance and Improved Gate Control (2018)

Wafer-scale fabrication of PtSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> MOSFETs was demonstrated by photolithography on Pt films directly selenized at 400 °C. Taking advantage of the unique property of PtSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> to transition from a semiconductor to a semimetal as its thickness increases beyond a few monolayers, channel recess was adapted for improving gate control while keeping the contact resistance below 0.01 Ω · cm. The wafer-scale fabrication resulted in uniform device characteristics so that average instead of best results was reported. For example, the drain currents at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> = -10 V, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = -1 V were 25 ± 5, 57 ± 8, and 618 ± 17 μA/μm for 4-, 8-, and 12-nm-thick PtSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , respectively. The corresponding peak transconductances were 0.20 ± 0.1, 0.60 ± 0.05, and 1.4 ± 0.1 μS/μm. The forward-current cutoff frequency of 12-nm-thick PtSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> MOSFETs was 42 ± 5 MHz, whereas the corresponding frequency of maximum oscillation was 180 ± 30 MHz. These results confirmed the application potential of PtSe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> for future-generation thin-film transistors.
Timing of Administration of Anti-VLA-4 Differentiates Airway Hyperresponsiveness in the Central and Peripheral Airways in Mice (2000)

The development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is correlated with the infiltration into the lungs of activated eosinophils and T lymphocytes. In large part, influx of eosinophils into the lung is dependent on very late activating antigen-4 (VLA-4) expression. However, the kinetics of eosinophil recruitment and the development of AHR are not fully delineated. Airway function was monitored by changes in lung resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) to methacholine (MCh) inhalation after anti-VLA-4. After ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and airway challenge of BALB/c mice, AHR increased as did the number of lung inflammatory cells. Administration of anti-VLA-4 to sensitized mice 2 h before the first (of three) OVA airway challenges significantly prevented changes in RL. Moreover, injection of the antibody from 2 h before the first challenge to 42 h after the last challenge significantly prevented the increases in RL, as well as eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); interleukin-5 (IL-5) and leukotriene concentrations in BALF were also significantly inhibited. Interestingly, treatment with anti-VLA-4 only prevented changes in Cdyn and goblet cell hyperplasia when administered 2 h before the first challenge. These studies demonstrate that the timing of anti-VLA-4 administration can selectively affect pathologic processes that contribute to altered airway function in the central and peripheral airways after allergen challenge.
Effect of flotation reagents on the wet grinding of celestite concantrate (2004)

In this study, the grinding of celestite concentrate in presence of grinding aids, used for celestite ore, flotation has been investigated in a laboratory wet-ball mill as a function of time and concentration of grinding aids. In the experiments, Aero801, sodium oleate and sodium silicate have been used as grinding aids at the concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 g/t. While sodium oleate and sodium silicate have beneficial effect in longer grinding times at concentrations of 100 and 1000 g/t, they have adverse effect on grinding at all grinding times at concentration of 10 g/t as evident from particle size. d80 values of ground products are coarser than that without grinding aid. Aero-801 is the best among the grinding aids tested for the concentrations studied. Considering the fineness of the ground products desired, 100 g/t concentration of Aero-801 appears to be proper for grinding of celestite concentrate. IPC Code: B22F 9/00, B03D 1/001