gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using "lesion-habitat" radiomics to distinguish radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence on post-treatment MRI in metastatic brain tumors (2020)

About a third of all cancer patients develop brain metastases. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a common treatment for patients with brain metastases and offers excellent tumor control rates. However, the most significant clinical challenge for patients after SRS is reliably differentiating tumor progression from radiation necrosis, a side effect of SRS, which occurs in about 20% of all metastatic brain tumor patients. The current diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence via visual inspection by expert radiologists on routine MRI scans is 50-60%. Invasive surgical intervention provides the only definitive means of diagnosis. Therefore, finding non-invasive markers to reliably differentiate between these diagnoses are urgently needed. In this work, we present a radiomic-pipeline that involves capturing texture features (Laws, Haralick, Gabor) from not just the lesion but also the peri-lesion environment (defined as “lesion habitat”) to distinguish radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence. We obtained a discovery dataset (n=37 studies) from Cleveland Clinic with post-Gd T1w, T2w, and FLAIR volumes. Patients were confirmed via histopathology (biopsy or resection) as having a recurrent tumor (n=17) or radiation necrosis (n=20). A separate set of 12 patients was kept blinded as the &#104;old-out" set. Each patient's T2 and FLAIR volumes were co-registered onto Gd-T1w. Lesion habitat sub-compartments were annotated by an expert as enhancing tumor, necrosis, and perilesional edema. Following pre-processing, a total of 4,740 texture features (including Haralick, Gabor, Laws, CoLlAGe) were extracted from each sub-compartment of the lesion habitat across all three available MRI sequences. To identify the most discriminatory features, we used Wilcoxon rank-sum test to remove correlated features (correlation 0.75). This was followed by a 3-fold cross-validation scheme, within a random forest classifier using the training cohort. The most discriminatory features were then evaluated on the hold out test set. Within our discovery set, we obtained an average AUC of .9781 with a sensitivity of .91 and a specificity of .92. On the blinded hold out set, we obtained an accuracy of 91% in distinguishing radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence. Laws features (capturing edges, waves, ripple patterns) from the enhancing tumor region on Gd-T1w MRI were identified as being the most discriminatory in distinguishing radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence in METs patients.
The Effect of Physical Training on Systemic Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review (2011)

Systemic inflammation is associated with cardiovascular disease, especially the end stages of heart failure (HF). The authors sought to determine by systematic review whether physical therapy reduces serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HF patients. Potential studies were identified from a systematic search of Medline (Ovid) (1950-October 2010), Embase.com (1974-current), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL (1981-current), and Web of Science (2000-current). The search strategy included a mix of MeSH and free text terms for key concepts. A total of 11 studies were included, with 4 reporting a post-training reduction in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), of which 3 used traditional aerobic or resistance exercise and 1 used functional electrical stimulation. Reduced post-training serum levels of interleukin 6 were reported by one exercise study. The one study that employed combined resistance and aerobic training only showed soluble receptors TNF-α1 and TNF-α2 to be lower. The one study of respiratory muscle training and two studies that employed electrical stimulation had limited effect on cytokines and peak maximal oxygen uptake. With the exception of one study, those therapies that employed ≥ 5 sessions per week lowered serum TNF-α. Our review data suggest that physical therapies employing ≥ 5 sessions per week are most likely to reduce serum levels of TNF-α in HF patients. No isolated study of resistance training has yet examined the relationship between muscle wasting, glycogen depletion, and the ability of exercise training to reverse both of these conditions in HF patients.
Cumulus Cells Are Potential Candidates for Cell Therapy (2019)

CCs conditioned medium induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.
Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses. (1983)

1 Chloroquine was given in 300 mg single doses as an i.v. infusion, an oral solution and as tablets at intervals of at least 56 days to 11 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of chloroquine and its metabolite desethylchloroquine were measured in plasma, erythrocytes and urine using h.p.l.c. 2 Chloroquine was detectable in all plasma samples up to 23 days and occasionally up to 52 days after dosage. Urinary concentrations were monitored up to 119 days. The disposition pattern was multiexponential reflecting extensive tissue binding of the drug. 3 After i.v. dosing the volume of distribution ranged from 116 to 285 l/kg and the apparent terminal half-life from 146 to 333 h. Total plasma clearance +/- s.d. was 712 +/- 166 ml/min and renal clearance 412 +/- 139 ml/min. The mean estimated urinary recovery of chloroquine was 47%, 42% and 46% after i.v., oral solution and tablets indicating nearly complete bioavailability. The corresponding figures for the metabolite were 7%, 10% and 12%. 4 The disposition of chloroquine in erythrocytes was parallel to that in plasma. The concentrations in erythrocytes were consistently 2 to 5 times higher than in plasma. 5 Subjective side effects like difficulties with swallowing and accommodation, diplopia and fatigue occurred during intravenous infusion and were closely related to plasma concentrations. No effect was seen on the electrocardiogram, mean arterial blood pressure and pulse rate. No adverse reactions were observed after the oral doses. High frequency audiometry did not reveal any significant hearing impairment for the group as a whole.
Disaccharidases Activity in the Intestinal Mucosa after Methotrexate Therapy (1990)

Disaccharidases activity in the intestinal mucosa samples of rats was examined after intragastric and intramuscular methotrexate therapy. Methotrexate was given on a twice a week schedule (1 mg/kg body weight). The animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months of this therapy. A statistically significant but transient decrease of the lactase and maltase activity was found. The authors suggest studying the beneficial effect of low disaccharidase diet in the first period of methotrexate therapy in children treated with methotrexate.
Swimming in the Monero pools (2018)

In the world of cryptocurrency-related malware, mining Monero (XMR) is a growing threat for organizations. In this paper we will explain why Monero is appealing for malicious actors, and how to leverage publicly available sources for hunting of Monero-related activities. We will heavily rely on automation and other open-source projects to achieve our objectives.
Inducible Azole Resistance Associated with a Heterogeneous Phenotype in Candida albicans (2001)

The development of azole resistance in Candida albicans is most problematic in patients with AIDS who receive long courses of drug for therapy or prevention of oral candidiasis. Recently, the rapid development of resistance was noted in other immunosuppressed patients who developed disseminated candidiasis despite fluconazole prophylaxis. One of these series of C. albicans isolates became resistant, with an associated increase in mRNA specific for a CDR ATP-binding cassette transporter efflux pump (K. A. Marr, C. N. Lyons, T. R. Rustad, R. A. Bowden, and T. C. White, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2584-2589, 1998). Here we study this series of C. albicans isolates further and examine the mechanism of azole resistance in a second series of C. albicans isolates that caused disseminated infection in a recipient of bone marrow transplantation. The susceptible isolates in both series become resistant to fluconazole after serial growth in the presence of drug, while the resistant isolates in both series become susceptible after serial transfer in the absence of drug. Population analysis of the inducible, transiently resistant isolates reveals a heterogeneous population of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant cells. We conclude that the rapid development of azole resistance occurs by a mechanism that involves selection of a resistant clone from a heterogeneous population of cells.
The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and corresponding resistance genes in clinical isolates of staphylococci from 19 European hospitals (1999)

Aminoglycosides still play an important role in antistaphylococcal therapies, although emerging resistance amongst staphylococci is widespread. To further our understanding of the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance in Europe, we tested 699 and 249 consecutive unrelated clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), respectively, from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, for susceptibility to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin and streptomycin, and examined the relationship between susceptibility to these antimicrobials and susceptibility to methicillin. Three hundred and sixty-three staphylococcal isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one of the aminoglycosides tested; all of these isolates were screened for the presence of aac(6')-Ie + aph(2"), ant(4')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa, the genes encoding the most clinically relevant aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. S. aureus isolates derived from hospital-acquired pneumonia tended to be more resistant to aminoglycosides and methicillin than isolates from blood or wound infections. In S. aureus, resistance to aminoglycosides was closely associated with methicillin resistance. Susceptibility of S. aureus to gentamicin has decreased by 9% from previous European studies to a current level of 77%, while susceptibility of CNS, currently at 67%, has increased by 21%. Geographical variation occurred, correlating with methicillin resistance, although intra-country variation was considerable. aac(6')-Ie + aph(2"), ant(4')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa were found throughout Europe in 68%, 48% and 14% respectively of staphylococci resistant to at least one aminoglycoside. aph(3')-IIIa was considerably more common in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and CNS isolates; the reverse was true for the other two resistance genes. The prevalence of ant(4')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa genes in aminoglycoside-resistant staphylococci was significantly greater than that reported in previous European studies.
Growth temperature dependence of composition in In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/P alloy system grown by GSMBE using tertiarybutylphosphine (2002)

In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/P is a promising material for optoelectronic devices in the visible wavelength and long wavelength ranges as well as for use in high-speed electronic devices such as hetero-bipolar transistors (HBTs) and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). However its controlled epitaxial growth is known to be difficult because the alloy composition x of In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/P strongly depends on the growth temperature Tg. In the case of gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) growth of In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/P, there has been no report on the relationship between x and Tg. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate growth-temperature dependence of growth rate and composition for GSMBE growth of In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/P using tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) and to clarify the underlying mechanism. TBP is a promising substitute for PH/sub 3/ due to its relatively low toxicity.
Fog Computing in Healthcare Internet of Things: A Case Study on ECG Feature Extraction (2015)

Internet of Things technology provides a competent and structured approach to improve health and wellbeing of mankind. One of the feasible ways to offer healthcare services based on IoT is to monitor human's health in real-time using ubiquitous health monitoring systems which have the ability to acquire bio-signals from sensor nodes and send the data to the gateway via a particular wireless communication protocol. The real-time data is then transmitted to a remote cloud server for real-time processing, visualization, and diagnosis. In this paper, we enhance such a health monitoring system by exploiting the concept of fog computing at smart gateways providing advanced techniques and services such as embedded data mining, distributed storage, and notification service at the edge of network. Particularly, we choose Electrocardiogram (ECG) feature extraction as the case study as it plays an important role in diagnosis of many cardiac diseases. ECG signals are analyzed in smart gateways with features extracted including heart rate, P wave and T wave via a flexible template based on a lightweight wavelet transform mechanism. Our experimental results reveal that fog computing helps achieving more than 90% bandwidth efficiency and offering low-latency real time response at the edge of the network.
Regulation of the Steroid-inducible 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Carbonyl Reductase Gene in Comamonas testosteroni (2001)

The Comamonas testosteroni 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase gene (hsdA) codes for an adaptive enzyme in the degradation of steroid compounds. However, no information was available on the molecular regulation of steroid-inducible genes nor on the mechanism of steroid signaling in procaryotes. We, therefore, investigated the cis- and trans-acting elements of hsdA expression to infer the mechanism of its molecular regulation by steroids. The gene was localized on a 5.257-kilobase EcoRI fragment of C. testosteroni chromosomal DNA. The promoter was characterized, and the transcriptional start site was identified. Two palindromic operator domains were found upstream of hsdA. A new gene coding for a trans-acting negative regulator (repressor A, RepA) of hsdA expression was characterized. The specific interaction between RepA, testosterone, and the operator domain is demonstrated. From our results we conclude that hsdA is under negative transcriptional control by an adjacent gene product (RepA). Accordingly, induction of hsdA by steroids in fact is a derepression, where steroidal inducers bind to the repressor, thereby preventing its binding to the hsdA operator.
A common FADS2 promoter polymorphism increases promoter activity and facilitates binding of transcription factor ELK1 (2009)

Fatty acid desaturases (FADS) play an important role in the formation of omega-6 and omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs). The composition of HUFAs in the human metabolome is important for membrane fluidity and for the modulation of essential physiological functions such as inflammation processes and brain development. Several recent studies reported significant associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human FADS gene cluster with HUFA levels and composition. The presence of the minor allele correlated with a decrease of desaturase reaction products and an accumulation of substrates. We performed functional studies with two of the associated polymorphisms (rs3834458 and rs968567) and showed an influence of polymorphism rs968567 on FADS2 promoter activity by luciferase reporter gene assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays proved allele-dependent DNA-binding ability of at least two protein complexes to the region containing SNP rs968567. One of the proteins binding to this region in an allele-specific manner was shown to be the transcription factor ELK1 (a member of ETS domain transcription factor family). These results indicate that rs968567 influences FADS2 transcription and offer first insights into the modulation of complex regulation mechanisms of FADS2 gene transcription by SNPs.
Enhancement in Photovoltaic Properties of N , N ‐diethylaniline based Donor Materials by Bridging Core Modifications for Efficient Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract The increasing demand of energy expedited the development of efficient photovoltaic materials.Herein, five push‐pull donor materials ( D1 ‐ D5 ) having N , N ‐diethylaniline as donor moiety and rhodanine‐3‐acetic as acceptor group are designed to be used as donor molecules in organic solar cells (OSCs). The bridging core modification of recently synthesized MR3 molecule (reference R ) has been made with different π‐spacers namely thiazole ( B1 ), thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene ( B2 ), thiazolo[5,4‐d] thiazole ( B3 ), 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)thiophene ( B4 ) and 5‐(thiazol‐5yl)thiazole ( B5 ). The structure–property relationship is studied and influence of bridging core modifications on photovoltaic, photophysical and electronic properties of D1‐D5 are calculated and compared with reference R .The DFT and TDDFT calculations have been performed for the estimation of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of states (DOS) graphs, reorganization energies of electron and hole, open circuit voltage, photophysical characteristics, transition density matrix (TDM) surfaces and charge transfer analysis.Designed molecules exhibit better and comparable optoelectronic properties than synthesized reference molecules. Among all investigated molecules, D5 is proven as best candidate for OSCs application due to its promising photovoltaic properties including lowest band gap (2.24 eV), small electron mobility (λ e =0.0056 eV), small hole mobility (λ h =0.0046 eV), low binding energy (E b =0.21 eV), highest λ max values 610.76 nm (in gas) 670.22 nm (in acetonitrile) and high open circuit voltage (V oc =1.17 V) with respect to HOMO donor –LUMO PC61BM . This theoretical framework demonstrates that bridging core modification is a simple and effective alternative strategy to achieve the desirable optoelectronic properties. Furthermore, conceptualized molecules are superior and thus are recommended to experimentalist for out‐looking future developments of highly efficient solar cells.
Seasonal Variation in the Time of Disease Manifestation in Finnish Children with Type 1 Diabetes (2021)

Abstract We tested the hypothesis of a more aggressive disease process at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes during autumn and winter, the colder seasons with consistently observed higher incidence of type 1 diabetes, compared to spring and summer. Seasonality in the manifestation of type 1 diabetes was examined in 4993 Finnish children and adolescents participated in the nationwide register. Clinical and metabolic characteristics, beta cell autoantibodies and HLA class II genetics were analysed at clinical diagnosis. Significant seasonality was observed with higher number of new cases during autumn and winter ( n =1353/27.1% and n =1286/25.8%) compared to spring and summer ( n =1135/22.7% and n =219/24.4%) ( p &lt;0.001). The youngest children (aged 0.5-4 years) differed from the older ones (aged 5-14 years) as their frequency of diagnoses was highest in autumn and the fewest cases were found in winter ( p =0.019) while the older children followed the same pattern as that seen in the total series. Ketoacidosis was more frequent in children diagnosed during spring or summer compared to those diagnosed in autumn (18.8% and 19.9% vs. 15.8%, respectively; p =0.036) and weight loss was highest if diagnosed in summer (6% vs. 4.7˗5.4%; p &lt;0.001). No relationship was observed between the season of disease presentation and diabetes-associated autoantibodies or HLA genotypes. Conclusions: Contrary to our working hypothesis, more severe metabolic decompensation was seen during seasons with lower number of new cases. The heterogeneity in the seasonality of diabetes manifestation between younger and older children suggests that there could be different environmental factors triggering the disease at different ages. Trial registration number: 454/E//2001 Date of registration: 19.9.2001
Five to Ten-Year Results of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Implant in the U.S. (2018)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Stable Operation of AlGaAs/GaAs Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Si Substrate (1992)

An AlGaAs/GaAs LED (light-emitting diode) with very small degradation is fabricated in an UCGAS (undercut GaAs on Si) structure for the first time. The 43 K photoluminescence data show that the stress in UCGAS annealed at 400°C is reduced to less than 1×10 8 dyn/cm 2 . The output power from the UCGAS LED under a constant current of 800 A/cm 2 degrades to 94% of the original value in the first several hours and subsequently maintains constant output for more than 1000 hours. On the other hand, the output power emitted from the conventional mesa-type LED which contains residual stress of more than 10 9 dyn/cm 2 degrades quickly.
Analysis of the blood lipid in patients with coronary heart disease (2004)

Objective To study the change of the blood lipid in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Serum Lp(a),TG,TC,ApoA 1,ApoB,HDL-C and LDL-C levels were measured in 40 patients with coronary artery pathological changes and 28 normal controls.Results Significant higher serum Lp(a) was found in patients with coronary artery pathological changes when compared to those of normal controls(P0.001).Conclusion Higher serum Lp(a) level may be valuable to diagnose coronary heart disease.
Copper-catalyzed N-thioetherification of sulfoximines using disulfides (2016)

A novel copper-catalyzed N-thioetherification of sulfoximines under mild reaction conditions was developed. In this procedure, the N-S bond formation was achieved using readily available disulfides as the sulfur source.
刑事審判的心靈根源──以希臘悲劇《奧瑞斯泰亞》為例 (2020)

本文以人類心靈的活動為主要關注面相。以用雅典法庭的誕生為題材的古希臘悲劇《奧瑞斯泰亞》需要的分析背景為經，以與理性相關的情感考察為緯，對審判的心靈基礎進行分析。本文透過對啟蒙的批判觀點對理性／非理性的歷史進行耙梳與刑事法學的情感分析接壤，接著從母權制的脈絡建構古希臘自氏族社會轉換到父系社會的制度發展，並結合希臘神話和希臘悲劇提供分析《奧瑞斯泰亞》所需的知識背景。在文本分析的部份，本文透過神話分析結合榮格心理學，作為解釋象徵和人類心理需求的理論基礎，並透過神話學對原初神話的發現和榮格的原型概念提供對現代社會的解釋力。

本文的結論是，《奧瑞斯泰亞》中對復仇女神的招降有三層意義：在表層的意義即是父系文明的一大勝利，父系的年輕天神利用人間的倫常悲劇，樹立的以父親為中心的家族秩序，脫離氏族舊有的私人、家族、宗教的部落裁判，建立以語言、個人和形式正義為原則的法庭；其次是復仇女神作為恐懼的象徵被理性吸納和馴服的過程，最後則是母性的死亡與重生。在此之中審判不只是權力鬥爭的核心，也帶來了和解與救贖的可能，其對象包含人與人、理性與非理性、陽剛與陰柔、個體與自然的對立。《奧瑞斯泰亞》最大的悲劇性在於父系文明面對自身為了脫離「母親」而做出的撕裂和征服的掩飾和逃避，而這樣的心靈處境一直延續至今，如今以西方文明為中心擴散的現代社會，以及作為啟蒙果實的現代法學仍深陷於男性觀點的焦慮而不自知。

最後，本文繼續《奧瑞斯泰亞》的未竟之業，透過與日本神話的對話和更多的神話資料，提出對現象的不同理解、對制度的不同想像和個人的行動倫理。
A 0.16mm<sup>2</sup> completely on-chip switched-capacitor DC-DC converter using digital capacitance modulation for LDO replacement in 45nm CMOS (2010)

A completely on-chip switched-capacitor DC-DC converter that occupies 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is implemented in a 45 nm CMOS process. The converter delivers 8 mA output current while maintaining load voltages from 0.8 to 1 V from a 1.8 V input supply. A digital capacitive modulation scheme is employed to maintain the converter efficiency between 50 to 70% over a wide range of load current levels.