gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lane confidence fusion for visual occupancy estimation (2011)

Detection and tracking of road lanes is vital to a wide range of driver assistance systems. Confidence measures on tracked lanes are necessary to create reliable assistance systems. On curvy, multi-lane roads, adaptive cruise control systems could greatly benefit from information of lane location and curvature to identify the leading vehicle.We present a novel approach to estimating unobstructed lane length using visual lane confidence measures. The gradient between individually calculated lane confidence segments of a lane model provided by a lane tracker is used to estimate the distance to leading cars or obstacles on lanes. To achieve this goal, various confidence measures are defined, and a confidence fusion method based on Dempster Shafer is presented.
Emergence of Novel Human Norovirus GII.17 Strains Correlates With Changes in Blockade Antibody Epitopes (2017)

The capsid sequence changes in GII.17 strains result in loss of blockade antibody binding, indicating that viral evolution, specifically at residues 393-396, may have contributed to the emergence of cluster IIIb strains and the persistence of GII.17 in human populations.
Review Article : Methods for Fault Detection, Diagnostics, and Prognostics for Building Systems—A Review, Part II (2005)

This paper is the second of a two-part review of methods for automated fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) and prognostics whose intent is to increase awareness of the HVAC&R research and development community to the body of FDD and prognostics developments in other fields as well as advancements in the field of HVAC&R. The first part of the review focused on generic FDD and prognostics, provided a framework for categorizing methods, described them, and identified their primary strengths and weaknesses (Katipamula and Brambley 2005). In this paper we address research and applications specific to the fields of HVAC&R, provide a brief discussion on the current state of diagnostics in buildings, and discuss the future of automated diagnostics in buildings.
Comparison of Techniques for Drying Cellulose Nanocrystal Pickering Emulsions into Oil Powders (2022)

A recent push for surfactant-free products driven by environmental awareness has propelled the use of bio-based materials in place of petroleum-derived components. However, both the formulation and processing need to be considered for scale-up feasibility and environmental sustainability. This work investigated the drying of corn oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), methyl cellulose (MC), and tannic acid via freeze drying, spray freeze drying, and spray drying. All three techniques produced oil powders with low moisture content and high encapsulated oil content (>90%). The oil powders could be redispersed in water by hand shaking to reform the original emulsion and could be stored dry for weeks without oil leakage (in the fridge). The release of oil from the powders on hydrophobic substrates (at room temperature) was controlled by changing the CNC and MC stabilizer content; the spray freeze dried samples were the most tunable. The three drying techniques imparted different surface morphologies that were linked to powder redispersibility and oil release properties. The lack of freezing (and associated ice crystal growth) in spray drying minimized oil droplet agglomeration, and it was the fastest, most scalable, and least energy-intensive drying technique of the three, but it was also the most sensitive to emulsion concentration and susceptible to instabilities associated with high temperature and shear stress. It was demonstrated that essential oils with a range of interfacial tensions and volatilities (e.g., jojoba, lavender, tea tree oil) could also be encapsulated in spray dried oil powders. This general encapsulation strategy can be tailored based on the drying technique selected, uses plant-based industrially-produced feedstocks, works with commercially relevant oils, and will hopefully contribute to the development of sustainable emulsions and oil powders for food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetic applications.
Object Oriented Application Cooperation Methods with Relational Database (ORM) based on J2EE Technology (2007)

This article describes cooperation methods of object oriented applications with relational databases. Currently there exist many technologies supporting object-relational mapping (ORM) for J2EE technology. The authors made comparison of three popular ones: Hibernate, JPOX and JPA in case of their performance and learning speed.
Study on potential of fibre reinforced concrete with recycled aggregate for applications (2018)

The construction and demolition waste constitute a quarter of all types of waste production. Recovery of this waste in other areas of the economy is a step in the right direction to achieve sustainable development. Department of Concrete and Masonry Structures at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University is concerned in the problematic of sustainable constructions by research on recycled materials. One of the focus is on replacing of natural aggregate by rubble concrete recycled from demolished concrete structures and use of the recycled aggregate in fibre-reinforced concrete with synthetic fibres. The research focused also on possibilities of the structural design of structures from investigated material. The investigations proved usability of fibre-concrete with recycled crushed concrete in certain applications. The composite has satisfactory material characteristics and its application would consume a great deal of recycled concrete aggregate. The paper will present the material parameters and its efficiency in examples of applications.
Contributors of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in Europe (2013)

Carbon dioxide, along with atmospheric temperature are interacting to cause what we have defined as global warming. In the present study we develop a statistical model using real data to identify the attributable variables (risk factors) that cause the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere in Europe. Some scientists believe that there are more than nineteen attributable variables that cause the CO2 in our atmosphere. However, our study has identified only three individual risk factors and five interactions among the attributable variables that cause almost all the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere in Europe. We rank the risk factors and interactions according to the amount of CO2 they generate. In addition, we compare the present findings of the European data with a similar study for the Continental United States [1, 2]. For example, in the US, liquid fuels ranks number one, while in Europe is gas fuels. In fact, liquid fuels in Europe is the least contributable variable of CO2 in the atmosphere, and gas fuels ranks seventh.
Human erythroid porphobilinogen deaminase exists in 2 splice variants (2001)

Human porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) is, reportedly, encoded by 2 distinct messenger RNAs (mRNAs) transcribing from a single gene. The ubiquitous form of the PBGD gene product is often used as an endogenous reference in gene expression studies because it is pseudogene free and has minimal transcriptional variability among tissues. A distinct erythroid-specific gene product has also been described because of the alternate splicing of the gene. Here is reported the existence of an additional erythroid-specific isoform of PBGD mRNA in primary cells.
Switchable polymorph-dependent luminescence of terpyridine (2008)

For the system M1/3Re2/3O2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) different rutile or rutile-derivated structural modifications were found depending on the temperature during high-pressure high-temperature syntheses. The crystal structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. For synthesis temperature higher than 1300 , phases with tetragonal rutile aristotype structure (S. G. P42/mnm) and a statistical distribution of M-and Re-atoms on the metal site in the structure were obtained. At lower synthesis temperature, rutile-like structures with orthorhombic or monoclinic symmetry, partial order on M-and Re-sites and metallic Re-Re bonds were observed for Co1/3Re2/3O2 and Ni1/3Re2/3O2. A monoclinic CrWO4type structure (S. G. C2/m) with only Re-atoms on the 4g site and statistically distributed Ni-and Re-atoms on the 4i site was adopted by Ni1/3Re2/3O2. Single crystals Co1/3Re2/3O2 with orthorhombic CrWO4-type structure (S. G. F222) and also partially mixed Co,Repositions were found together with a monoclinic modification, which is isotypic to monoclinic Ni1/3Re2/3O2. Note, that another orhorhombic modification (S. G. Cmmm) was reported for the composition Co1/2Re1/2O2 with distinct positions of Co and Re and without any metallic Re-Re-bond [1]. Unfortunately, the synthesis conditions were not described in sufficient detail to allow a comparison with our preparation method. Ni1/3Re2/3O2 with the rutile-structure orders ferroor ferrimagnetically at 23.5 K, whereas tetragonal Co1/3Re2/3O2 shows two magnetic tranitions: below 17.5 K the ferromagnetic component dominates in contrast to an antiferromagnetic order between 27.0 and 17.5 K.
G CELLS AND GASTRIN RELEASE FROM HUMAN ANTRAL MUCOSA IN VITRO (1980)

Using an in vitro perfusion technique, the release of immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) from human antral mucosa has been investigated, and comparisons made between the release of IRG and the G cell numbers within the tissue. Serosal stimulation with acetyle choline (5.504 x 10(-12)M conc.) resulted in a significantly greater release of IRG from the tissue when compared with release from unstimulated tisse from the same patient (4666 +/- 1656 fM/ml. stimulated; 274 +/- 130 fM/ml. unstimulated (T = 2.64; P < 0.02). A wide variation in G cell numbers was found between tissues and within tissue, and there was no significant correlation between the gastrin secreted and the G cell population. Stimulation with acetyl choline resulted in a 68.8% reduction in G cell numbers compared with a 56.7% reduction in unstimulated tissue, but these were not significantly different (T = 1.68; P > 0.1). No significant correlation was found between the reduction in G cell numbers detected by immunohistology and the IRG secreted by the tissues.
Real-Time Precise Point Positioning Using Single Frequency Data (2005)

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has begun to receive increased interests within the GPS community for a number of reasons: simplified operation, cost-effective and no base stations required. PPP with dual-frequency receivers and precise GPS products have demonstrated centimeter to decimeter positioning accuracy (Zumberge et al., 1997; Kouba and Heroux, 2001, Gao and Shen, 2002). Using real-time GPS products, the accuracy is also obtainable in real-time (Chen, 2004). This paper investigates PPP using single-frequency data which will be of interest to a broad range of applications as the majority of GPS users are using single-frequency GPS receivers. Since the ionospheric effect will be the biggest error source for a single-frequency receiver based PPP system, different methods for ionospheric effect mitigation will be assessed and compared, from the use of IGS precise ionosphere products to estimation via modeling, so that sub-meter positioning accuracy becomes obtainable.
Information rates of optical impulse modulation over indoor diffuse wireless channels (2008)

Optical impulse modulation (OIM) is a recent wireless optical modulation scheme that achieves high data rates by utilizing high-frequency bands to satisfy the channel non-negativity constraint. These bands are attenuated by the lowpass indoor diffuse optical wireless channel, and hence are not detected by the receiver. For a uniform binary input distribution, the information rates are investigated for OIM and compared to those of a conventional rectangular on-off keying (Rect-OOK) scheme. Using a well-known exponential model for the indoor diffuse optical channel, at a normalized delay spread of 0.3 and optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3 dBo, the information rate of OIM with a simple lowpass receiver is shown to be 8.6% higher than that of Rect-OOK with a more complex whitened matched filter receiver.
Noninvasive detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical practice: the 13C urea breath test. (1996)

The test kit results were highly reproducible. The cut-off values were higher with 250-mg compared with 125-mg doses of 13C urea and 40 min compared with 30 min. Using a 125-mg 13C urea and test detection limit of 2.4% at 30 min, the accuracy was 94.8 (95% confidence interval = 92-97%) before antimicrobial therapy and 95.4% (95% confidence interval = 91-98%) after. An increase of 2.4% in the abundance of breath 13CO2 measured 30 min after a 125-mg dose of 13C urea reliably indicated the presence of active H.pylori infection either before or after antimicrobial therapy. The 13C urea breath test provides a simple and reliable and noninvasive method of assessing H.pylori status.
The Role of Gram-Positive Surface Proteins in Bacterial Niche- and Host-Specialization (2020)

Gram-positive bacterial pathogens have an array of proteins on their cell surface that mediate interactions with the host environment. In particular, bacterial cell wall-associated (CWA) proteins play key roles in both colonization and pathogenesis. Furthermore, some CWA proteins promote specialization for host-species or mediate colonization of specific anatomical niches within a host. In this mini review, we provide examples of the many ways by which major pathogens, such as Staphylococci, Streptococci and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, utilize CWA proteins for both host- and niche-specialization. We describe different biological mechanisms mediated by CWA proteins including: the acquisition of iron from hemoglobin in the bloodstream, adherence to and invasion of host cells, and innate immune evasion through binding to the plasma proteins fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G, and complement. We also discuss the limitations of using animal models for understanding the role of specific CWA proteins in host-specialization and how transformative technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas, offer tremendous potential for developing transgenic models that simulate the host environment of interest. Improved understanding of the role of CWA proteins in niche- or host-specificity will allow the design of new therapeutic approaches which target key host-pathogen interactions underpinning Gram-positive bacterial infections.
Sufficient conditions for correct gate-level speed-independent circuits (2002)

We describe sufficient conditions for the correctness of speed-independent asynchronous circuits. The circuit specifications considered are determinate, allowing input choice but not output choice (arbitration). The circuit implementations considered are networks of single-output basic gates. A circuit is defined to be correct if it is hazard-free and complex-gate equivalent to its specification. We show that a circuit is hazard-free if and only if all of its signals are monotonic and acknowledged. This result provides a useful tool for formal reasoning about the correctness of circuits and synthesis techniques. Cubes that approximate sets of reachable circuit states can be used to give sufficient conditions for monotonicity and acknowledgement. These sufficient conditions are the basis of efficient synthesis and verification algorithms.
Hybridized moth search algorithm for constrained optimization problems (2018)

In this paper, hybridized moth search algorithm adjusted for tackling constrained optimization problems, is presented. The moth search algorithm is new optimization method. The application of this approach for classic constrained functions was not published in any scientific paper before. By analyzing basic moth search, we noticed some deficiencies. To address these deficiencies, we hybridized the moth search algorithm with artificial bee colony metaheuristics. In order to evaluate robustness, convergence speed and solutions' quality of the hybridized moth search algorithm, we conducted tests on set of 13 classic constrained benchmarks. We performed comparative analysis with the original moth search, and with other algorithms, that proved to be robust and efficient optimization methods. According to the results obtained during experiments, and comparative analysis with other approaches, we came to the conclusion that the hybridized moth search algorithm has potential in dealing with constrained functions optimization.
Surface magnetoinductive breathers in two-dimensional magnetic metamaterials (2009)

We study discrete surface breathers in two-dimensional lattices of inductively-coupled split-ring resonators with capacitive nonlinearity. We consider both Hamiltonian and dissipative systems and analyze the properties of the modes localized in space and periodic in time (discrete breathers) located in the corners and at the edges of the lattice. We find that surface breathers in the Hamiltonian systems have lower energy than their bulk counterparts, and they are generally more stable.
Detection of Damage in Assembled Rolling Element Bearings (1962)

A nondestructive method, capable of detecting localized surface damage, such as small spalls, nicks, dents and scratches, on the balls (rollers) and races of assembled rolling-element bearings, is discussed. The method utilizes the “almost periodical” character of vibration peaks produced by rotating a damaged bearing at constant speed. These “almost periodical” peaks are compared to the random vibration peaks, generated by the undamaged portions of the rolling surfaces of the bearing. Instrumentation to accomplish this comparison is described. It includes a vibration test spindle with pickup and amplifier, electronic gating circuitry serving as frequency and phase discriminator, and electronic counters to count “almost periodic” and random vibration peaks. Different methods of interpreting the counts and evaluating the degree of bearing damage are discussed.
Methods Development For Rapid-Scanning Gas Phase Fourier Transform Infrared/Time-Resolved (FT-IR/TRS) Spectrometry (1985)

The development of techniques for use in gas phase Fourier transform infrared time-resolved spectrometry (FT-IR/TRS) is described. Equipment designs and experimental parameters are shown, and problems requiring modification of parameters or equipment are discussed.
Static compression of rare earth metal holmium to 282 GPa (2020)

The phase transitions and equation of state measurements were carried out on rare earth metal Holmium (Ho) to 282 GPa using toroidal diamond anvils thereby doubling the pressure range to which it has been studied previously. The first set of experiment employed standard beveled diamond anvils utilizing copper as an x-ray pressure standard to 217 GPa. The second set of experiment employed toroidal diamond anvils utilizing platinum as an x-ray pressure standard to 282 GPa. The recently proposed 16-atom orthorhombic structure (oF16) appeared to be stable between 103 and 282 GPa. The scaled axial ratio (c/a) shows a narrow range of variation of 1.58 ± 0.05 for the five known crystalline phases of Ho to 282 GPa. The experimental equation of state of Ho is presented up to a threefold volume compression V/Vo = 0.322.
Cyber attack in a two-area power system: Impact identification using reachability (2010)

This paper presents new results on the applications of reachability methods and computational tools to a twoarea power system in the case of a cyber attack. In the VIKING research project a novel concept to assess the vulnerabilities introduced by the interaction between the IT infrastructure and power systems is proposed. Here we develop a new framework and define a systematic methodology, based on reachability, for identifying the impact that an intrusion might have in the Automatic Generation Control loop, which regulates the frequency and the power exchange between the controlled areas. The numerical results reveal the weaknesses of the system and indicate possible policies that an attacker could use to disturb it.
Thermal Convection Loop Tests of Nb-1% Zr Alloy in Lithium at 1200 and 1300°C (1970)

This paper describes the effect of temperature on the mass transfer of niobium alloys in lithium as determined in thermal convection loop tests to 1300°C. All loops were operated for 3000 h in an ultrahigh vacuum environment; A consistent finding in these tests was the preferential movement of zirconium and nitrogen between heated and cooled regions, which in 1200°C tests accounted for most of the observed weight changes. At 1300°C, transport of niobium was also reflected in the weight changes, and crystalline deposits of Nb(C,N) were found on hot-leg specimens. Examination of Nb-1% Zr specimens using an electron microprobe indicated the hot-leg surfaces to be depleted of zirconium to depths of 0.002 and 0.007 in. in 1200 and 1300°C tests, respectively. The results of calculations of the diffusivity of zirconium in niobium based on these data agree well with values predicted from extrapolation of higher temperature data.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONPUTATION TECHNIQUES AND DATA GENERALIZATION ON BURNING VELOCITY OF DRY AND HUMIDIFIED INFLAMMABLE GAS FUEL-OXIDANT MIXTURES (2011)

Three various approaches to calculation of the laminar (normal) burning velocity SL (un) of fuel mixtures of different compositions based on two-parametric semiempiric generalization (TPG) and upon a chemical kinetics mechanism have been developed and verified. The first technique (TPG 1) is related to un definition for mixtures of low-calorific gases and their mixtures with methane as well as to hydrocarbon combustion velocities. The second method (TPG 2) uses the correction factor, for taking into account the preheating mixture temperature and initial pressure (introducing the two simplexes in form of a power law: (Tin/T0)n (Pin/P0)γ. Oxidants used were air and oxygen-enriched air, both of dry and humidified composition. By our approach an application of GRI-Mech 3.0 combustion mechanism has been modernized and improved proven to make the most universal procedure. Validation of our computed data by a set of predicted un has been performed regarding measured values and appropriate literature sources.
Retrieval of IVUS images using contextual information and elastic matching (2005)

We present a content-based image retrieval system of medical images of bodies with high elasticity, that is, high inter- and intrasubject variability in shape. The system is based on a rich feature space that is able to describe all the relevant aspects of an image, including local, global, and contextual information. For including relative spatial relations between the structures (i.e., contextual information) we do not need to obtain very accurate segmentations of the image, in contrast to the majority of methods employed for this kind of description. We also obtain invariance to spatial deformations of the same type of object along different instances. This is achieved by applying efficient registrations of the images before their comparison. The incorporation of all these components represents an innovative and powerful way of comparing and retrieving medical images. Validated results are reported on a database of 168 intravascular ultrasound images, showing the appropriateness of our approach for images of such high complexity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 541–559, 2005.
Shady3D: A Robot that Climbs 3D Trusses (2007)

This paper describes a truss climbing robot we designed and prototyped. The robot has a minimalist design with three motive degrees of freedom that enable movement along three-dimensional truss structures. This robot can form a six-degree-of-freedom structure by connecting to another identical module using a passive bar as a medium. We present the design and implementation of this robot, control algorithms for moving the robot in a 3D truss structure, and hardware experiments