gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planar $Ku$-Band 4$\,\times\,$4 Nolen Matrix in SIW Technology (2010)

In this paper, a 4 × 4 Nolen matrix beam-forming network for multibeam antenna applications is designed and demonstrated at 12.5-GHz center frequency. The structure is implemented using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for its attractive advantages including compact size, low loss, light weight, and planar form well suitable for high-density integration with other microwave and millimeter-wave planar integrated circuits. SIW cruciform couplers are used as fundamental building blocks for their wide range of coupling factors and their specific topology well adapted to the serial feeding topology of a Nolen matrix. The network performances are investigated over a 500-MHz frequency bandwidth ranging from 12.25 to 12.75 GHz. The matrix definition based on SIW cruciform couplers is similar to its microstrip counterpart in terms of coupling factors and phase delays. The whole network is fabricated. Measured results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, thus validating the proposed design concept. Using this matrix with a four radiating elements array antenna enables us to investigate the impact of the proposed matrix on the beam pointing angles versus frequency.
Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. (1996)

A connectionist approach to processing in quasi-regular domains, as exemplified by English word reading, is developed. Networks using appropriately structured orthographic and phonological representations were trained to read both regular and exception words, and yet were also able to read pronounceable nonwords as well as skilled readers. A mathematical analysis of a simplified system clarifies the close relationship of word frequency and spelling-sound consistency in influencing naming latencies. These insights were verified in subsequent simulations, including an attractor network that accounted for latency data directly in its time to settle on a response. Further analyses of the ability of networks to reproduce data on acquired surface dyslexia support a view of the reading system that incorporates a graded division of labor between semantic and phonological processes, and contrasts in important ways with the standard dual-route account.
Transformation of oral keratinocytes in vitro by 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (1988)

Normal rat oral keratinocytes have been transformed with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) in vitro. The morphology, growth characteristics, ability to grow without anchorage and tumorigenicity in athymic mice was examined in 12 selected cell lines. Each of the lines could be assigned to one of two general groups. The first group of cell lines although showing some morphological signs of transformation and the ability to be subcultured beyond passage 15 were not anchorage independent or able to form tumours in athymic mice. The second group of cell lines showed distinct signs of morphological transformation, could be serially subcultured without 3T3 feeder cells, were anchorage independent and tumorigenic in athymic mice. Anchorage independence was more common at higher passages and with increased 4NQO treatment and correlated well with a decreased reliance on 3T3 feeder cell support. The anchorage-independent phenotype was closely associated with the ability to form tumours in athymic mice. This same sequence of phenotypic changes has been demonstrated in rat oral keratinocytes after 4NQO treatment in vivo indicating that during carcinogenesis, cell populations progress through the same stages whether proliferation occurs in vitro or in vivo. There is some evidence to suggest, however, that the time interval between stages may be altered when carcinogenesis takes place in vitro.
451 Combining Bempegaldesleukin (CD122-preferential IL-2 pathway agonist) and NKTR-262 (TLR7/8 agonist) pairs local innate activation with systemic CD8+ T cell expansion to enhance anti-tumor immunity (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Previously, we demonstrated that radiation therapy (RT) combined with Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG;NKTR-214), a first-in-class CD122-preferential IL-2 pathway agonist, led to enhanced anti-tumor efficacy through a T cell-dependent mechanism. However, we observed only modest systemic responses to BEMPEG/RT across several murine tumor models. Therefore, we explored alternative approaches to improve systemic tumor-specific immunity. We evaluated whether intratumoral NKTR-262, a polymer-modified toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, combined with systemic BEMPEG treatment resulted in improved tumor-specific immunity and survival compared to BEMPEG combined with RT. We hypothesized that BEMPEG/NKTR-262 immunotherapy would promote synergistic activation of local immunostimulatory innate immune responses followed by systemic adaptive immunity to significantly improve tumor regression and overall survival. <h3>Methods</h3> Tumor-bearing mice (CT26; EMT6) received BEMPEG (0.8 mg/kg; iv), RT (12 Gy x 1), and/or intratumoral NKTR-262 (0.5 mg/kg). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation status in the blood and/or tumor (7 days post-treatment) and NK cell activity in the tumor (1, 3 days post-treatment). The contribution of specific immune subsets was determined by depletion of CD4+, CD8+, or NK cells. CD8+ T cell activity was determined in vitro by tracking apoptosis in an Incucyte assay. Data are representative of 1–2 independent experiments (n=5–14/group) and statistical significance was determined by 1-way ANOVA (p-value cut-off of 0.05). <h3>Results</h3> BEMPEG/NKTR-262 resulted in significantly improved survival compared to BEMPEG/RT. BEMPEG/NKTR-262 efficacy was NK and CD8+ T cell-dependent, while BEMPEG/RT primarily relied on CD8+ T cells. Response to BEMPEG/NKTR-262 was characterized by a significant expansion of activated CD8+ T cells (GzmA+; Ki-67+; ICOS+; PD-1+) in the blood, which correlated with reduced tumor size (p&lt;0.05). In the tumor, NKTR-262/BEMPEG induced higher frequencies of GzmA+ CD8+ T cells exhibiting reduced expression of suppressive molecules (PD-1+, TIM-3+), compared to BEMPEG/RT. Indeed, CD8+ T cells isolated from BEMPEG/NKTR-262-treated tumors had greater cytolytic capacity than those from BEMPEG/RT-treated mice. CD8+ T cell expansion (blood) and activity (tumor) depended upon the initial NK response, as neither occurred in the absence of NK cells. BEMPEG/NKTR-262 uniquely induced the expansion of early and high effector NK cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Combining BEMPEG with NKTR-262 lead to an early and robust NK cell expansion not observed in the BEMPEG/RT combination. The improved tumor regression and survival was dependent on the NKTR-262 driven expansion of NK cells. A clinical trial of BEMPEG/NKTR-262 for patients with metastatic solid tumors is in progress (NCT03435640).
Strengthened solid-state laser materials (1985)

The tensile fracture strength of crystalline materials for high average power lasers has been increased by a factor of 15 using deep chemical polishing. Samples of gadolinium scandium gallium garnet, gadolinium gallium garnet, and yttrium aluminum garnet, which were prepared by conventional mechanical techniques to a high quality polish, were found to contain subsurface damage up to 50 μm in depth. When this damage was removed by deep chemical etching, the mean strength of small, four-point flexure specimens increased from 155 to 2280 MPa; however, these samples were no longer optically flat after etching. Specimens in which the optical figure was restored by polishing after the etch had an intermediate strength of 630 MPa.
Supplementary Tables from High USP6NL Levels in Breast Cancer Sustain Chronic AKT Phosphorylation and GLUT1 Stability Fueling Aerobic Glycolysis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1-Prognostic value of USP6NL gain in the METABRIC dataset S2-Correleation of USP6NL protein expression with clinical-pathological parameters in the TMA cohort&lt;/p&gt;
Lab automation in cultivation of adherent cells (2006)

This paper introduces the latest technology developments in the field of adherent cell culturing. This highly multidisciplinary field is first matched with its numerous applications, such as the production of therapeutics, drug development, and toxicology. Further, the paper focuses on perfusion cell culturing systems intended for difficult-to-culture cells (such as primary and stem cells) and high-content screening (HCS) purposes. Parts of such advanced adherent cell culturing systems are presented including the open questions related to them. The system constituents are addressed in terms of cells and tissue models, cell culturing media, culturing vessels, actuation instrumentation, measurement instrumentation, and control. Finally, the paper outlines future directions for laboratory automation with regard to cultivation of primary and stem cells. Note to Practitioners-This paper discusses the latest technology developments and open automation challenges in the field of adherent cell culturing. Adherent cells are cells that need a surface to attach in order to grow. Most of the human cells are adherent cells. With the legislation push supported by the cost reductions, researchers are avoiding testing of various new compounds (e.g., drug candidates, environmental toxins) on animals. Instead, human cells are grown outside of the body (i.e., in vitro) for testing purposes. Growing cells in vitro is a challenge. The cells need to be maintained at a correct temperature, pH, oxygen, and humidity levels, and they need to be fed with a proper mixture of nutrients and growth factors. In other words, the cell cultivation system, which keeps the cells alive, must mimic the human body conditions as close as possible. Instruments have been developed to perform the needed functions, and a few robot-based automation systems are available to transfer the cells from an instrument to another with high throughput. Cells traditionally cultured are immortalized cell lines of cancer origin and of one cell type. These are easier to cultivate but are not as good models of human tissues as researchers would wish. Therefore, biologists are developing new models which contain many types of cells taken directly from a patient. These various kinds of primary cell cultures are more demanding to cultivate and need sophisticated, preferably integrated instruments and control algorithms to ensure homogenous stable environment for all of the cells. This paper provides an insight in the applications and current research trends of adherent cell cultivation. It also discusses the various subsystems needed and the automation engineering challenges posed by the new tissue models being developed by the biologists.
A Novel PUF Using Stochastic Short-Term Memory Time of Oxide-Based RRAM for Embedded Applications (2020)

RRAM suffers from poor retention with short-term memory time when using low compliance current for programing. However, the short-term memory time exhibits ideal randomness, which can be exploited as an entropy source for physically unclonable function (PUF). In this work, we demonstrated a novel PUF utilizing the stochastic short-term memory time of oxide-based RRAM. The proposed PUF was implemented on a 256Kb HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /WO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> bilayer RRAM test chip in 0.13μm logic process. The RRAM PUF is capable of regenerating >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> times after 10 years@115°C and the bit error rate (BER) remains <; 0.08% at the temperature of up to 115°C for the read voltage of 0.1-0.7V, exhibiting strong resiliency against environmental variations. The average inter-chip Hamming distance (HD) is 0.4999 and the average intra-chip HD is 0.0009. The energy efficiency is 0.19 pJ/bit.
Effects of adhesive dressings on the stratum corneum of the skin (2001)

Two human models were developed to quantify the stratum corneum removed by different adhesive dressings and to measure the peel force of dressing removal and relate this to stratum corneum removal. The first was an open study designed to compare the effects of applying Mepiform Safetac, Tielle and Duoderm Extra Thin to the skin of 12 normal volunteers aged 19-53 years. Treatments were applied once (one 24-hour application) or three times (three x 24-hour applications) to forearm skin which had been prestained with methylene blue. After dressing removal the dye left on the skin was sampled using the skin surface biopsy method and measured spectrophotometrically. The results show that, after one and three applications, the Mepiform Safetac sites had a higher level of dye than those on which the other dressings had been applied (p < 0.05, after three applications). Based on the assumption that the more dye is left on the skin, the less damage is caused, this suggests that Mepiform Safetac is less damaging to the skin surface than the other products tested. In the second study the peel force needed to remove adhesive dressings from prestained skin was measured and related to the amount of stratum corneum removed. Mepilex Border Safetac, Duoderm Extra Thin, Allevyn Adhesive, Biatain Adhesive and Tielle Hydropolymer Dressing were compared in 20 normal volunteers aged 23-64 years. Three consecutive 24-hour applications of each product were made, with measurements of peel force at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The amount of dye remaining on the skin at 72 hours was assessed by the surface biopsy method. Statistically significant differences between products were observed in terms of both peak force and steady state force of removal. Differences in the level of damage to the superficial stratum corneum were also detected. However, low levels of peel force were not always associated with low damage and, therefore, other factors must contribute to stratum corneum removal in this model.
An efficient store-and-forward protocol for a shallow-water acoustic local area network (2002)

A store-and-forward protocol for a shallow-water acoustic local area network is presented. This protocol permits random deployment of an unlimited number of possibly mobile acoustic modems in littoral zones. Modem connectivity is adaptively learned and permits the incorporation of fresh modems into an operating network. The main points of the protocol initialization, maintenance, routing, and rerouting algorithms are presented. The protocol borrows from existing algorithms for packet radio networks and presents methods to decrease delay and retransmission of packets to conserve the limited modem power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemo-mechanical couplings identification from multiple-wavelengths microscopy (2013)

International audience
Fibrinogen blocks the autoactivation and thrombin-mediated activation of factor XI on dextran sulfate. (1992)

The intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation is activated when factor XIa, one of the three contact-system enzymes, is generated and then activates factor IX. Factor XI has been shown to be efficiently activated in vitro by surface-bound factor XIIa after factor XI is transported to the surface by its cofactor, high molecular weight kininogen (HK). However, individuals lacking any of the three contact-system proteins--namely, factor XII, prekallikrein, and HK--do not suffer from bleeding abnormalities. This mystery has led several investigators to search for an "alternate" activation pathway for factor XI. Recently, factor XI has been reported to be autoactivated on the soluble "surface" dextran sulfate, and thrombin was shown to accelerate the autoactivation. However, it was also reported that HK, the cofactor for factor XIIa-mediated activation of factor XI, actually diminishes the thrombin-catalyzed activation rate of factor XI. Nonetheless, it was suggested that thrombin was a more efficient activator than factor XIIa. In this report we investigated the effect of fibrinogen, the major coagulation protein in plasma, on the activation rate of factor XI. Fibrinogen, the preferred substrate for thrombin in plasma, virtually prevented autoactivation of factor XI as well as the thrombin-mediated activation of factor XI, while having no effect on factor XIIa-catalyzed activation. HK dramatically curtailed the autoactivation of factor XI in addition to the thrombin-mediated activation. These data indicate that factor XI would not be autoactivated in a plasma environment, and thrombin would, therefore, be unlikely to potentiate the activation. We believe that the "missing pathway" for factor XI activation remains an enigma that warrants further investigation.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodination of Aromatic Compounds with Iodine Monochloride in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Demosaicing: heterogeneity projection hard-decision adaptive interpolation using spectral-spatial correlation (2006)

A novel heterogeneity-projection hard-decision adaptive interpolation (HPHD-AI) algorithm is proposed in this paper for color reproduction from Bayer mosaic images. The proposed algorithm aims to estimate the optimal interpolation direction and perform hard-decision interpolation, in which the decision is made before interpolation. To do so, a new heterogeneity-projection scheme based on spectral-spatial correlation is proposed to decide the best interpolation direction from the original mosaic image directly. Exploiting the proposed heterogeneity-projection scheme, a hard-decision rule can be designed easily to perform the interpolation. We have compared this technique with three recently proposed demosaicing techniques: Lu's, Gunturk's and Li's methods, by utilizing twenty-five natural images from Kodak PhotoCD. The experimental results show that HPHD-AI outperforms all of them in both PSNR values and S-CIELab &utri;<i>&#917;</i>*<sub>ab</sub> measures.
Darstellung und Charakterisierung von dreifach NR2-verbrückten Molybdänkomplexen des Typs η3-C7H7(CO)2Mo(μ–NR2)3Mo-η7-C7H7 / Synthesis and Characterization of Triply NR2-Bridged Molybdenum Complexes of the Type η3-C7H7(CO)2Mo(μ-NR2)3Mo-η7-C7H7 (1982)

Abstract The mixed-valence compounds of composition C 7 H 7 (CO) 2 Mo(μ-NR 2 ) 3 MoC 7 H 7 (R=H, p-NO 2 -C 6 H 4 , C 4 H 4 ) can be synthesized by reacting η 7 -C 7 H 7 Mo(CO) 2 Br with the corresponding sodium amides. The amido compound with R=H can also be obtained from η 7 -C 7 H 7 MO(CO) 2 CH 3 in liquid ammonia. Reaction of the products with CH 3 OH yields the known complex η 3) -C 7 H 7 (CO) 2 Mo(μ-OCH 3 ) 3 Mo-η 3 -C 7 H 7 .
The importance of laser speckle correlation for measuring initial orthopaedic and orthondontic forces in vivo and in vitro (2021)

The importance of laser speckle correlation for measuring orthodontic and orthopaedic forces in vivo and in vitro is demonstrated in several experiments. The orthodontic department of the dental school of the University of Gent, in collaboration with a team of engineers of the applied sciences faculty is doing research on an ideal work model for simulating tooth and bone displacements, a system similar to the in vivo situation. The coherent-optical measuring technique is used to measure tooth and bone displacements on laboratory animals in vivo and in vitro.
A new view of the tree of life (2016)

The tree of life is one of the most important organizing principles in biology(1). Gene surveys suggest the existence of an enormous number of branches(2), but even an approximation of the full scale of the tree has remained elusive. Recent depictions of the tree of life have focused either on the nature of deep evolutionary relationships(3-5) or on the known, well-classified diversity of life with an emphasis on eukaryotes(6). These approaches overlook the dramatic change in our understanding of life's diversity resulting from genomic sampling of previously unexamined environments. New methods to generate genome sequences illuminate the identity of organisms and their metabolic capacities, placing them in community and ecosystem contexts(7,8). Here, we use new genomic data from over 1,000 uncultivated and little known organisms, together with published sequences, to infer a dramatically expanded version of the tree of life, with Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya included. The depiction is both a global overview and a snapshot of the diversity within each major lineage. The results reveal the dominance of bacterial diversification and underline the importance of organisms lacking isolated representatives, with substantial evolution concentrated in a major radiation of such organisms. This tree highlights major lineages currently underrepresented in biogeochemical models and identifies radiations that are probably important for future evolutionary analyses.
Design, Performance and Qualification of a Commercially Available MEMS Switch (2006)

An overview of the design and construction of the TT712 SPDT RF MEMS switch is presented, including a detailed discussion of the proprietary high force disk actuator, unique device on package construction, and in-line hermetic chip scale package. Typical switches have 100 million cycle lifetime, 70 musec switching speed, better than 10 mOmega trace resistance repeatability; 0.1 dB insertion loss, 35 dB return loss, and 30 dB isolation (all at 1 GHz) and can switch up to 30 W of RF power. A proprietary RF MEMS qualification methodology adapted from semiconductor industry best practices is also presented. Details of the qualification methodology and representative data are included, demonstrating the first successful commercial qualification of an RF MEMS switch
Preirradiation report of TRISO and BISO coated ThO/sub 2/ particles for irradiation in capsules HT-31 and HT-33 (1976)

The HT-31 and HT-33 irradiation capsules are part of a continued cooperative effort between General Atomic and Oak Ridge National Laboratory designed to evaluate irradiation performance of unbonded TRISO and BISO coated ThO/sub 2/ particles. Sixteen TRISO samples will be tested in HT-31 and thirty-two TRISO and BISO samples will be irradiated in HT-33. The fuel will be tested at either 1200/sup 0/ or 1500/sup 0/C to a fast fluence of 5 to 10 x 10/sup 25/ n/m/sup 2/ (E greater than 29 fJ)/sub HTGR/. The evaluation tests will consist mainly of particles fabricated in the GA pilot plant 240-mm-diameter coater. The experimental test matrix for the TRISO and BISO particles is directed toward defining relationships between the outer pyrocarbon coating density, anisotropy, and coating rate and fuel particle performance. Detailed discussions of the TRISO and BISO particles being tested are presented in separate sections of the report.
Revolutionising technical fleet management (2011)

Shipping companies running traditional technical fleet management software are often sobered by the high investments and operational costs of running and maintaining the software. In addition, they are disillusioned by the limited additional benefits the software offers, for instance in terms of reporting functionalities.