gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low- and high-density InAs nanowires on Si(0 0 1) and their Raman imaging (2012)

Micro-Raman imaging along with other techniques are applied to study the morphology, structure and crystalline quality of various types of InAs nanowires (NWs). The NWs of low and high densities are formed using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Raman mapping is effectively used as a local probe to gain information about the structure and crystalline quality of low-density NWs where the conventional characterization techniques are not very useful. However, for high-density NWs, the image and crystalline quality obtained from the LO phonon strongly corroborate with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, respectively. These low-density (104 cm−2) and high-density (108 cm−2) NWs are grown on Si(0 0 1) under various growth conditions such as catalyst-assisted and catalyst-free growth, growth on native oxide-covered and oxide-cleaned Si, grooved Si surfaces and also varying the V/III ratio and growth temperature. NWs (1 µm long and 50–100 nm wide) with high density and tapered NWs (50–80 µm long and 200–500 nm wide at the tip) with low density are formed under different growth conditions. The growth of hillock- and wire-like structures is observed under the same growth condition. Raman, XRD, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses confirm that the hillocks are grown along the 〈0 0 1〉 direction, whereas the wires are grown along [1 1 0] directions in the plane of Si(0 0 1). Furthermore, the Raman analysis of these NWs confirms that the smaller NWs have much better crystalline quality (half-width of LO phonon frequency ∼6 cm−1) compared to the larger NWs (half-width of LO phonon frequency ∼15 cm−1) although both NWs are oriented with the Si(0 0 1) surface.
Comparison of Effect of Vacuum-Condensed and Ultrafiltered Milk on Cheddar Cheese (2004)

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of vacuum-condensed (CM) and ultrafiltered (UF) milk on some compositional and functional properties of Cheddar cheese. Five treatments were designed to have 2 levels of concentration (4.5 and 6.0% protein) from vacuum-condensed milk (CM1 and CM2) and ultrafiltered milk (UF1 and UF2) along with a 3.2% protein control. The samples were analyzed for fat, protein, ash, calcium, and salt contents at 1 wk. Moisture content, soluble protein, meltability, sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, and counts of lactic acid bacteria and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria were performed on samples at 1, 18, and 30 wk. At 1 wk, the moisture content ranged from 39.2 (control) to 36.5% (UF2). Fat content ranged from 31.5 to 32.4% with no significant differences among treatments, and salt content ranged from 1.38 to 1.83% with significant differences. Calcium content was higher in UF cheeses than in CM cheeses followed by control, and it increased with protein content in cheese milk. Ultrafiltered milk produced cheese with higher protein content than CM milk. The soluble protein content of all cheeses increased during 30 wk of ripening. Condensed milk cheeses exhibited a higher level of proteolysis than UF cheeses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE showed retarded proteolysis with increase in level of concentration. The breakdown of alphas1- casein and alphas1-I-casein fractions was highest in the control and decreased with increase in protein content of cheese milk, with UF2 being the lowest. There was no significant degradation of beta-casein. Overall increase in proteolytic products was the highest in control, and it decreased with increase in protein content of cheese milk. No significant differences in the counts of lactic starters or nonstarter lactic acid bacteria were observed. Extent as well as method of concentration influenced the melting characteristics of the cheeses. Melting was greatest in the control cheeses and least in cheese made from condensed milk and decreased with increasing level of milk protein concentration. Vacuum condensing and ultrafiltration resulted in Cheddar cheeses of distinctly different quality. Although both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, the selection of the right method would depend upon the objective of the manufacturer and intended use of the cheese.
High Anisotropy Y-Co Films on Thin Cu Underlayer (2007)

The role of Cu underlayer for preparing CaCu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> -type high magnetic anisotropy YCo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> phase was studied. We prepared the Cu/YCo structure with a DC magnetron sputtering deposition system under elevated substrate temperatures. We successfully produced magnetic films which contains a high-Ku Y(Co, Cu) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> phase using a 7.5-nm-thick Cu underlayer, and under the growth temperature of 470 degC and above. The film has the perpendicular c-axis orientation with spread of 3deg. At 470 degC growth temperature, the film consists of a crystalline Cu-rich Y(Co, Cu) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> phase and an amorphous Co-rich Y(Co, Cu) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> phase. A rather thin Cu underlayer thickness of 7.5 nm was sufficient for obtaining a good perpendicular c-axis orientation, and the high-Ku phase production
Microgas Turbine Engine Characteristics Using Biofuel (2011)

Aviation fuels commonly used today are extracted from the kerosene fraction of the crude oil that is distilled between the gasoline and the diesel. Crude oil is not renewable and the world oil reserve is generally believed to be on the decline. In 2006, 6.3% of the world's refinery production was used for aviation fuel (Nygren et. al., 2009). At an estimated rate of 3% increase of fuel demand per year, aviation use alone will consume the world fuel production by 2026. Therefore, there is a need for the aviation industry to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and, perhaps, replace them with alternative, renewable fuel. Biofuel is a fuel obtainable from biological material and can exist in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Unlike fossil fuel, which is derived from fossils of biological material, biofuel is renewable. Biofuel also has the advantage of biosequestration of the atmospheric CO₂ and, therefore, helps remediate greenhouse gases and, possibly, climate change.
Power supply noise suppression via clock skew scheduling (2003)

Simultaneous switching events in the clock lines and the signals passing through sequential and combinational logic elements cause large L/spl middot/di/dt and IR voltage variations in the power and ground network. This is known as power supply noise and it affects the performance and reliability of the entire circuit. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that performs clock skew scheduling to minimize the number of simultaneous switching events such that the power supply noise is suppressed. Our approach establishes a direct relationship between current (drawn by a circuit element, sequential or combinational) and skew by the concept of envelope waveforms, using a graphical representation. We provide a graph-based scheduling approach to reduce the peak current and to minimize the difference between the current peaks and valleys such that the current profile of the entire circuit is smoothened. Our approach also guarantees that the resulting clock schedule does not violate setup and hold time constraints. Experimental results on benchmark circuits show an average reduction of 19.6% in the peak current, an average reduction of 38.7% in the current swing, and an average reduction of 47.4% in voltage variations in the power lines.
Oxidative Deblocking of the 4‐Methoxybenzyl Thioether Protecting Group: Application to the Directed Synthesis of Poly‐cystinyl Peptides (1984)

Abstract The 4‐methoxybenzyl thioether protecting group is deblocked efficiently by oxidation with the homogeneous electron transfer agent tris(4‐bromophenyl)ammoniumyl ( 2 .⊕ ) leading to the disulfide in high yields. S ‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)cysteine derivatives like 9 in this way can be transformed into the corresponding cystine derivatives like 10 in 90% yield. Many N and carboxy protecting groups like the Boc and Z group and tert ‐butyl or benzyl ester functions are stable under the cleavage conditions. On the other hand the 4‐methoxybenzyl thioether protecting group is totally unaffected by the conditions for oxidative deblocking of the S ‐trityl functions by either iodine or rhodanolysis. This opens up new opportunities for the directed synthesis of cystinyl peptides with more than one intra‐ or interchain disulfide bridge. Application of the new method to the synthesis of a cystine peptide with one intrachain SS‐bridge and a double‐chain biscystinyl peptide is reported.
Endovascular placement of an extraanatomical arterial bypass graft: in vitro feasibility study (2015)

Poster: ECR 2015 / C-1690 / Endovascular placement of an extraanatomical arterial bypass graft: in vitro feasibility study by: M. Zimmermann , J. Pfeffer, H.-S. Na, M. F. Schulze-Hagen, M. Liebl, P. Bruners, C. K. Kuhl, P. Isfort; Aachen/DE
The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis (2021)

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory disorder in older adults. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 121,934 ARHI cases and 591,699 controls from Iceland and the UK. We identified 21 novel sequence variants, of which 13 are rare, under either additive or recessive models. Of special interest are a missense variant in LOXHD1 (MAF = 1.96%) and a tandem duplication in FBF1 covering 4 exons (MAF = 0.22%) associating with ARHI (OR = 3.7 for homozygotes, P = 1.7 × 10<sup>-22</sup> and OR = 4.2 for heterozygotes, P = 5.7 × 10<sup>-27</sup>, respectively). We constructed an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS) using common variants and showed that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants. Furthermore, we found that ARHI and tinnitus share genetic causes. This study sheds a new light on the genetic architecture of ARHI, through several rare variants in both Mendelian deafness genes and genes not previously linked to hearing.
Analysis of the Effect of Surface Modification on Polyimide Composites Coated With Erosion Resistant Materials (2003)

The aim of this research is to enhance performance of composite coatings through modification of graphite-reinforced polyimide composite surfaces prior to metal bond coat/ hard topcoat application for use in the erosive and/or oxidative environments of advanced engines. Graphite reinforced polyimide composites, PMR-15 and PMR-II-50, formed by sheet molding and pre-pregging will be surface treated, overlaid with a bond coat and then coated with WC-Co. The surface treatment will include cleaning, RF plasma or ultraviolet light- ozone etching, and deposition of SiO(x) groups. These surface treatments will be studied in order to investigate and improve adhesion and oxidation resistance. The following panels were provided by NASA-Glenn Research Center(NASA-GRC): Eight compression molded PMR-II-50; 6 x 6 x 0.125 in. Two vacuum-bagged PMR-II-50; 12 x 12 x 0.125 in. Eight compression molded PMR-15; 6 x 6 x 0.125 in. One vacuum-bagged PMR-15; 12 x 12 x 0.125 in. All panels were made using a 12 x 12 in. T650-35 8HS (3K-tow) graphite fabric. A diamond-wafering blade, with deionized water as a cutting fluid, was used to cut PMR-II-50 and PMR-15 panels into 1 x 1 in. pieces for surface tests. The panel edges exhibiting delamination were used for the preliminary surface preparation tests as these would be unsuitable for strength and erosion testing. PMR-15 neat resin samples were also provided by NASA GRC. Surface profiles of the as-received samples were determined using a Dektak III Surface profile measuring system. Two samples of compression molded PMR-II-50 and PMR-15, vacuum-bagged PMR-II-50 and PMR-15 were randomly chosen for surface profile measurement according to ANSI/ASME B46.1. Prior to each measurement, the samples were blasted with compressed air to remove any artifacts. Five 10 mm-long scans were made on each sample. The short and long wavelength cutoff filter values were set at 100 and 1000 m, diamond stylus radius was 12.5 microns. Table 1 is a summary of the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and waviness (Wa) for the composite surfaces.
Arsenic in Cancer Treatment: Challenges for Application of Realgar Nanoparticles (A Minireview) (2010)

While intensive efforts have been made for the treatment of cancer, this disease is still the second leading cause of death in many countries. Metastatic breast cancer, late-stage colon cancer, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, and other forms of cancer are still essentially incurable in most cases. Recent advances in genomic technologies have permitted the simultaneous evaluation of DNA sequence-based alterations together with copy number gains and losses. The requirement for a multi-targeting approach is the common theme that emerges from these studies. Therefore, the combination of new targeted biological and cytotoxic agents is currently under investigation in multimodal treatment regimens. Similarly, a combinational principle is applied in traditional Chinese medicine, as formulas consist of several types of medicinal herbs or minerals, in which one represents the principal component, and the others serve as adjuvant ones that assist the effects, or facilitate the delivery, of the principal component. In Western medicine, approximately 60 different arsenic preparations have been developed and used in pharmacological history. In traditional Chinese medicines, different forms of mineral arsenicals (orpiment-As(2)S(3), realgar-As(4)S(4), and arsenolite-arsenic trioxide, As(2)O(3)) are used, and realgar alone is included in 22 oral remedies that are recognized by the Chinese Pharmacopeia Committee (2005). It is known that a significant portion of some forms of mineral arsenicals is poorly absorbed into the body, and would be unavailable to cause systemic damage. This review primary focuses on the application of arsenic sulfide (realgar) for treatment of various forms of cancer in vitro and in vivo.
The First Water-Soluble 310-Helical Peptides (2000)

Two water-soluble 3(10)-helical peptides are synthesized and fully characterized for the first time. The sequence of these terminally blocked heptamers comprises two residues of the Calpha-trisubstituted alpha-amino acid 2-amino-3-[1-(1,4,7-triazacyclononyl)]propanoic acid and five residues of a Calpha-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid (either alpha-aminoisobutyric acid or isovaline). Using CD and NMR techniques we were able to show that both heptapeptides are well structured in water, and that the type of conformation adopted is indeed the ternary 3(10)-helix.
But-1-ene isomerization over Nafion®resin/silica composite catalyst (1996)

But-1-ene isomerization to but-2-enes at 50 °C to near thermodynamic equilibrium is observed over a novel high surface area Nafion® resin/silica composite solid acid catalyst at a mass hourly space velocity (MHSV) of but-1-ene of 2.5 h–1.
Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus From Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the United Arab Emirates (2021)

LFI shows excellent diagnostic accuracy indices for rapid identification of PVL in MSSA/MRSA in a setting with high prevalence of <i>pvl</i><sup>+ve</sup> strains. The high occurrence of <i>pvl</i> and <i>fusC</i> genes in MRSA strains causing SSTI is of concern and needs constant surveillance.
On 3-share Threshold Implementations for 4-bit S-boxes. (2012)

One of the most promising lightweight hardware countermeasures against SCA attacks is the so-called Threshold Implementation (TI) [12] countermeasure. In this work we resolve many of the remaining open issues towards it’s applicability. In particular, our contribution is three-fold: first we define which optimal (from a cryptographic point of view) S-boxes can be implemented with a 3-share TI. Second, we introduce two methodologies to efficiently implement these S-boxes. Third, as an example, we successfully apply these methodologies to PRESENT and are able to decrease the area requirements of its protected S-box by 57%.
Impact of lipid binding on the tertiary structure and allergenic potential of Jug r 3, the non-specific lipid transfer protein from walnut (2019)

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins type 1 (nsLTP1) are small basic proteins with a hydrophobic cavity able to host a number of different ligands: i.e. fatty acids, fatty acyl-CoA, phospholipids, glycolipids, and hydroxylated fatty acids. However, ligand binding specificity differs among nsLTPs. Within this protein family, Jug r 3 from walnut has been identified as a major allergen. So far, data on the structural characterization of Jug r 3 and its lipid binding capacity are lacking. We report the results from a fluorescence-based ligand-binding assay and ligand-based NMR experiments, to study the binding interactions between Jug r 3 and the 18-carbon monounsaturated oleic acid. Furthermore, protein-based NMR experiments were employed to detect the oleate binding site of Jug r 3. The NMR data were used to dock the oleate molecule into the structural model of Jug r 3. Finally, the impact of the interaction on the allergenic potential of Jug r 3 was investigated by IgE ELISA with 6 sera from walnut allergic patients. Our data corroborate the hypothesis of direct impact of food-derived matrix on the IgE reactivity of nsLTPs.
Influence of Endometriosis on Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcomes (2015)

Department of Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Department of Reproductive Medicine, Repromed, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Financial Disclosure The authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest.
Dielectric Modulation of Biological Water (2004)

We show that water constrained by vicinal hydrophobes undergoes a librational dynamics that lowers the dielectric susceptibility and induces a "redshift" of the relaxation frequency in the hydration shell. The results shed light on the way proteins enhance their intramolecular interactions as they fold or associate.
1,5-Asymmetric Induction in Squarate Cascades. Conformational Control of Helicity by Chiral Amino Substituents during Conrotatory Octatetraene Cyclization Prior to β-Elimination (1998)

Both the sigmatropic and electrocyclic rearrangement pathways that can arise when a pair of alkenyl anions are added to a squarate ester have high stereochemical demands. The distinction is nontrivial. When cis addition occurs initially, the stereoinduction that materializes at this point is fully transmitted into the product(s). The more commonly observed trans addition exhibits fleeting stereochemical consequences because of rapid equilibration of the octatetraenyl intermediates. In this instance, product distribution is governed by the relative rates of conrotatory cyclization at this advanced stage. Herein reported is a complete dissection of a squarate cascade when a stereogenic center attached to an amino substituent effects 1,5-asymmetric induction prior to β-elimination of the entire fragment. Deuterium labeling permits a direct measure of the contrasting kinetic imbalances associated with the two possible modes of alkenyl anion addition. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the partitioning experienced by the two helical octatetraenes is readily accomplished. This work constitutes the first example where a complete dynamic profile for these complex processes has been possible. The fact that long-range asymmetric induction has been instrumental in solving the mechanistic puzzle is noteworthy.
Natural mineral waters: chemical characteristics and health effects (2016)

Water contributes significantly to health and a daily intake of 1.5 to 2 liters of water should be guaranteed, because a good hydration is essential to maintain the body water equilibrium, although needs may vary among people. However, worldwide population is far from the Recommended Allowance for water intake. Among the waters for human uses, there are 'waters (treated or not), intended for drinking, used for the food and beverages preparation or for other domestic purposes' and <i>natural mineral waters,</i> that are 'originated from an aquifer or underground reservoir, spring from one or more natural or bore sources and have specific hygienic features and, eventually, healthy properties'. According to the European Legislation (2009/54/EC Directive), physical and chemical characterization is used to make a classification of the different mineral waters, basing on the analysis of main parameters. Mineral composition enables to classify natural mineral waters as bicarbonate mineral waters, sulphate mineral waters, chloride mineral waters, calcic mineral waters, magnesiac mineral waters, fluorurate mineral waters, ferrous mineral waters and sodium-rich mineral waters. Although the concerns about bottled mineral waters (due to plasticizers and endocrine disruptors), many are the health effects of natural mineral waters and several studies explored their properties and their role in different physiological and pathological conditions.
Optimization of an Extrusion Die for Polymer Flow (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Y. Chahbani Ridene, D. Graebling, M. Boujelbene; Optimization of an Extrusion Die for Polymer Flow. AIP Conf. Proc. 17 January 2011; 1315 (1): 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3552439 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Repair of Specific Base Pair Mismatches Formed during Meiotic Recombination in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

Heteroduplexes formed between DNA strands derived from different homologous chromosomes are an intermediate in meiotic crossing over in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eucaryotes. A heteroduplex formed between wild-type and mutant genes will contain a base pair mismatch; failure to repair this mismatch will lead to postmeiotic segregation (PMS). By analyzing the frequency of PMS for various mutant alleles in the yeast HIS4 gene, we showed that C/C mismatches were inefficiently repaired relative to all other point mismatches. These other mismatches (G/G, G/A, T/T, A/A, T/C, C/A, A/A, and T/G) were repaired with approximately the same efficiency. We found that in spores with unrepaired mismatches in heteroduplexes, the nontranscribed strand of the HIS4 gene was more frequently donated than the transcribed strand. In addition, the direction of repair for certain mismatches was nonrandom.