gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Power Generation due to Exothermic Water Exsolution in CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Power Plants (2020)

A direct CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) system is a novel technology that uses captured and geologically stored CO2 as the subsurface working fluid in sedimentary basin reservoirs to extract geothermal energy. In such a CPG system, the CO2 that enters the production well is likely saturated with H2O from the geothermal reservoir. However, direct CPG models thus far have only considered energy production via pure (i.e. dry) CO2 in the production well and its direct conversion in power generation equipment. Therefore, we analyze here, how the wellhead fluid pressure, temperature, liquid water fraction, and the resultant CPG turbine power output are impacted by the production of CO2 saturated with H2O for reservoir depths ranging from 2.5 km to 5.0 km and geothermal temperature gradients between 20 °C/km and 50 °C/km. We demonstrate that the H2O in solution is exothermically exsolved in the vertical well, increasing the fluid temperature relative to dry CO2, resulting in the production of liquid H2O at the wellhead. The increased wellhead fluid temperature increases the turbine power output on average by 15% to 25% and up to a maximum of 41%, when the water enthalpy of exsolution is considered and the water is (conservatively) removed before the turbine, which decreases the fluid mass flow rate through the turbine and thus power output. We show that the enthalpy of exsolution and the CO2-H2O solution density are fundamental components in the calculation of CPG power generation and thus should not be neglected or substituted with the properties of dry CO2.
A Note on Thinning (1976)

Implementation of a simple algorithm is described for thinning digital objects down to ``skeletons.'' A method of detecting ``noisy'' branches of a skeleton, with the aid of the distance transform of the original object, is developed.
Study of the optimum extraction process of paeonol from cortex moutan (2012)

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of paeonol by steam distillation.Methods:Referring to the content of paeonol,an orthogonal design table L9(34) was used with the factors of extraction time,water-adding amount,medicinal size and salt content.Results:The optimal process of extraction was as follows:the granularity of paeonia suffruticosa andr was (0.2±0.05)cm,adding 6 times amount of water,adding 1% sodium,the extraction time was 3 h.Conclusions:Experiments show that this method is effective to improve the extraction process of Paeonol.
[Limitations of indications of clotrimazole-hydrocortisone and its components. A double-blind study]. (1984)

Efficacy and tolerability of ointment/water emulsion, containing the combination of clotrimazole and hydrocortisone (Canesten HC) were compared with the two components. 4 groups of indications were chosen and 192 (16 X 3 X 4) patients treated. In all groups and symptoms of this comparison the best efficacy was with the combination product. Side effects which have to be attributed to this topical treatment could not be detected.
Supplemental Figure 3 from IKBKE Is a Substrate of EGFR and a Therapeutic Target in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Activating Mutations of EGFR (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Identification of IKBKE tyrosine residue(s) phosphorylated by EGFR&lt;/p&gt;
Undibacterium aquatile sp. nov., isolated from a waterfall (2015)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped strain, THG-DN7.3T, was isolated from a waterfall. Strain THG-DN7.3T grew well at 18-28 °C and at pH 6.0-7.5 on Reasoner's 2A agar. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain THG-DN7.3T was most closely related to Undibacterium jejuense JS4-4T (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Undibacterium seohonense SHS5-24T (96.5 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 57.4 mol%. The mean DNA-DNA relatedness of strain THG-DN7.3T with U. jejuense KACC 12607T was 40 ± 1 % (reciprocal 50 ± 2.1 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain THG-DN7.3T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (47.4 %), C16 : 0 (30.4 %), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) (6.8 %) and C12 : 0 (6.2 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The results of the DNA-DNA hybridization and genotypic analysis, in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, demonstrated that strain THG-DN7.3T represents a novel species of the genus Undibacterium, for which the name Undibacterium aquatile sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-DN7.3T ( = KCTC 42243T = CCTCC AB 2015119T).
Flyby reaction trajectories: Chemical dynamics under extrinsic force (2021)

Dynamic effects are an important determinant of chemical reactivity and selectivity, but the deliberate manipulation of atomic motions during a chemical transformation is not straightforward. Here, we demonstrate that extrinsic force exerted upon cyclobutanes by stretching pendant polymer chains influences product selectivity through force-imparted nonstatistical dynamic effects on the stepwise ring-opening reaction. The high product stereoselectivity is quantified by carbon-13 labeling and shown to depend on external force, reactant stereochemistry, and intermediate stability. Computational modeling and simulations show that, besides altering energy barriers, the mechanical force activates reactive intramolecular motions nonstatistically, setting up "flyby trajectories" that advance directly to product without isomerization excursions. A mechanistic model incorporating nonstatistical dynamic effects accounts for isomer-dependent mechanochemical stereoselectivity.
Ascomycetes of New Zealand 3. Two new species of Apiospora and their Arthrinium anamorphs on bamboo (1981)

Summary Two new species of Apiospora Saccardo, A. setosa Samuels, McKenzie et D. E. Buchanan and A. tintinnabula Samuels, McKenzie et D. E. Buchanan, and their Arthrinium Kunze ex Fries anamorphs are described. The anamorph of Apiospora setosa is Cordella johnstonii M. B. Ellis and that of A. tintinnabula is Scyphospora phyllostachydis Kantschaveli, but Cordella Spegazzini, Scyphospora Kantschaveli, and Pteroconium Saccardo ex Grove can be considered to be synonymous with Arthrinium . Taxonomy of Apiospora and Arthrinium is discussed, and a key is provided for the species in New Zealand.
Keratocyte Cell Culture (2003)

Keratocytes, or cornea1 fibroblasts, are the primary cell type of the cornea1 stroma. They lie between and are oriented parallel to the orthogonally arranged collagen lamellae, forming a continuous interconnecting cellular network that has been hypothesized to transmit information throughout the cornea concerning the status of the tissue (1). Under normal conditions, the keratocyte in the adult cornea is a relatively quiescent cell. However, in the event of a cornea1 injury or trauma, the keratocytes near the injured area differentiate into active, synthesizing cells and rapidly replace damaged stromal matrix (3, 3).
Parity, Follicular Development, and Sugar Feeding inCulicoides melleusandC. hollensis1 (1981)

Vertebrate-host-seeking Culicoides melleus and C. hollensis were captured from 0930 to 2030 h in salt marshes and woodlands, dissected to determine stage of follicle development and panty, and were analyzed by an anthrone test for nectar sugars. Of the total 1,783 midges examined, 99.3% had completed the first gonotrophic cycle More than 65% of 1,022 C. melleus and 61% of 743 C. hollensis had stage I follicles. The remainder had stages I-II or stage II terminal follicles. The predominance of parous midges suggests autogeny in the first ovarian cycle. Anthrone tests detected fructose or sucrose in 66% of 1,078 C. melleus and in 64% of 773 C. hollensis ; sugar positivity approached or exceeded 50% for each species regardless of diel period or sampling site. Although definitive diurnal patterns of sugar presence were indiscernible, it is believed that these carbohydrates are important dietary supplements and are probably the chief energy sources for flight and maintenance activities.
Influence of microstructure and interfacial strain on the magnetic properties of epitaxial Mn3O4/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layered-composite thin films (2012)

Epitaxial Mn3O4/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (Mn3O4/LSMO) bilayer thin films were grown on lattice-matched single crystal substrates of SrTiO3 (STO) (100) and MgO (100), with Mn3O4 as the top layer, using a pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the single crystalline nature and epitaxial relationship between the layers. A detailed analysis of strains using XRD asymmetric/symmetric scans indicated an increasing in-plane compressive strain in the LSMO layer with increasing thicknesses of the Mn3O4 layer, resulting in a tetragonal distortion of the LSMO lattice in the Mn3O4/LSMO films in comparison to the tensile strains in LSMO single-layer films grown on both STO and MgO substrates. Cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images showed atomically sharp interfaces in all films. However, as opposed to a flat interface between LSMO and STO, the Mn3O4 and LSMO interface was undulating and irregular in the bilayer films. Magnetic measurements revealed that relative to LSMO, the presence of Mn3O4 in Mn3O4/LSMO reduced the saturation magnetization at T &amp;gt; 50 K (the ferrimagnetic ordering temperature of Mn3O4) but enhanced it at T &amp;lt; 50 K. The decrease of the saturation magnetization in Mn3O4/LSMO for T &amp;gt; 50 K was associated with the appearance and increase of the compressive strain with the increase in Mn3O4 thickness. These observations point to the importance of a ferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic interfacial coupling between the LSMO and Mn3O4 layers in enhancing the surface magnetism of LSMO in the Mn3O4/LSMO bilayers. Our study provides useful information regarding the development of manganite composite thin films with improved magnetic properties for a wide range of technological applications, such as in spintronics and sensor devices.
A New Alkaloid from Patrinia scabra (2002)

A new alkaloid has been isolated from the root of Patrinia scabra. Its structure was elucidated as 2(-acetamido-3(-phenyl propyl 2-benzamido-3-phenyl propionate by extensive spectr- oscopic analysis.
Retractable Stadium Roofs and Flooring (2008)

A recent proposal in Asia called for a ballpark roof that opens like flower pedals with mechanized roof elements having cantilevered spans of two to three hundred feet. The Devil Rays have recently unveiled plans for a new MLB ballpark in St. Petersburg, Florida. This design calls for several acres of fabric to be deployed and tensioned over a cable net structure in the event of rain. When not in use, this fabric roof is collapsed and stored under the inboard edge of the sunscreen structure that covers the seating area. These design challenges call for a variety of new and innovative materials, structural systems, and mechanization methodologies. The keys to the success of integrating large mechanized components into these future stadiums will be much like those of the past. Proven methodologies and technologies should be used when possible. When the design calls for something new and innovative; ample computer modelling/analysis, reduced scale modeling, and full scale prototype testing is imperative in order to validate design concepts and theories as they develop. The limits of this kinetic architecture revolution are bounded only by the vision of the owners, the creativity of their architects, and technical innovativeness of the engineers and constructors that bring these archictectural icons to life.
Applications for infrared imaging equipment in photovoltaic cell, module, and system testing (2002)

Anomalous temperature distributions are often an indication of atypical behavior in a device under investigation. Portable infrared (IR) imaging systems (cameras) now provide a convenient method for measuring both absolute and relative temperature distributions on small and large components with a high degree of temperature and spatial resolution. This diagnostic tool can be applied during the development, production, monitoring, and repair of photovoltaic cells, modules, and systems. Planar objects with nearly uniform material composition are ideally suited for analysis using IR imaging. This paper illustrates investigations of localized shunting in cells, resistive solder bonds in field-aged modules, module bypass diode functionality, reverse-bias (hot spot) heating in modules, temperature distributions in flat-plate and concentrator modules, batteries during charging, and electronic component temperature in power processing equipment.
Photopolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Pyridine-Bromine Complex (1971)

ピリジン-臭素錯体の存在下でメタクリル酸メチル (MMA) の光重合を行なった。ピリジン-臭素錯体は光遮断下, 空気中, 室温においても MMA と容易に反応して結晶性物質と二臭化メタクリル酸メチル (DBMMA) を生じた。別に合成したこの結晶性物質は DBMMA に比してMMA の光重合に対してはるかに有効な増感剤として作用することが認められるから, ピリジン-臭素錯体による MMA の光重合の開始は主としてこのものによることが明らかとなった。この結晶性物質の元素分析値および IR, NMR スペクトルの結果はこのものが MMA, ピリジンおよび臭素の各1分子よりなる臭化N-置換ピリジニウムであることを示し, 同様に合成した種々のN-置換ピリジニウム塩での MMA の光重合の結果は電子吸引性の大きい基を有するものほど大きい光増感能を有することを示した。
Tannins and related compounds. CVI. Preparation of aminoalditol derivatives of hydrolyzable tannins having .ALPHA.-and .BETA.-glucopyranose cores, and its application to the structure elucidation of new tannins, reginins A and B and flosin A, isolated from Lagerstroemia flos-reginae Retz. (1991)

To avoid tautomerism in the hydrolyzable tannins which lack an acyl group at the glucose C-1 position, a new method for the protection fo the C-1 atom has been developed. That is reaction of the tannins with p-anisidine in the presence of acetic acid, followed by sodium cyanoborohydride reduction, afforded, without notable hydrolysis of ester bonds, the aminoalditol derivatives (1a-7a) in 50-80% yields. The proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-and 13C-NMR) spectra of these derivatives exhibited much simpler signal patterns typical of an open-chain form of glucose, and almost all the singals could be assigned.Application of this method to the structure elucidation of the new tannins, flosin A (22) and reginins A (23) and B (24), isolated from the leaves of Lagerstroemia flos-reginae RETZ. (Lythraceae), established their structures including the orientation of the 4, 6-positioned valoneoyl group. In addition, the structure of a new hydrolyzable tannin, lagerstroemin (21), which was concomitantly isolated from the above species, was elucidated.
Fourier Features Let Networks Learn High Frequency Functions in Low Dimensional Domains (2020)

We show that passing input points through a simple Fourier feature mapping enables a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to learn high-frequency functions in low-dimensional problem domains. These results shed light on recent advances in computer vision and graphics that achieve state-of-the-art results by using MLPs to represent complex 3D objects and scenes. Using tools from the neural tangent kernel (NTK) literature, we show that a standard MLP fails to learn high frequencies both in theory and in practice. To overcome this spectral bias, we use a Fourier feature mapping to transform the effective NTK into a stationary kernel with a tunable bandwidth. We suggest an approach for selecting problem-specific Fourier features that greatly improves the performance of MLPs for low-dimensional regression tasks relevant to the computer vision and graphics communities.
Preventing diabetes in patients with hypertension: one more reason to block the renin–angiotensin system (2006)

Patients with essential hypertension are at increased risk of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Recent large studies have been unable to delineate any superiority in one class of antihypertensive drug over another, independent of their effects in reducing blood pressure; however, in the longer term, antihypertensive agents that are able to reduce the risk of diabetes may have a theoretical advantage. To this end, the findings of several recent clinical trials have suggested that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may protect against the development of de-novo diabetes in 'at risk' patients. This beneficial effect appears to outweigh both the adverse metabolic effects of agents used in the control arm of these studies and the control of blood pressure achieved. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that the RAS may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Angiotensin-mediated increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and free fatty acids concentrations potentially contribute to beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. In addition, activation of the RAS appears to potentiate the action of other pathogenic pathways, including glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and advanced glycation. In experimental models of type 2 diabetes, blockade of the RAS with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists also results in the improvement of islet structure and function. At least three large controlled trials are currently under way to study the utility of blockade of the RAS in the development of diabetes, including studies of combination therapy. It is hoped that these studies will demonstrate the true potential of blockade of the RAS for the prevention of diabetes.
4-cm/sup 2/ CuInGaSe/sub 2/ based solar cells (2002)

Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with the structure ZnO/CdZnS/CuInGaSe/sub 2/ have been fabricated with larger single-cell areas than have been previously reported. A cell with an area of 4 cm/sup 2/ has been made with an AM1.5, 100 mW/cm/sup 2/ total area conversion efficiency of 11.1% (12.0% active area) and an AM0 conversion efficiency of 10.0% (10.9% active area). The CuInGaSe/sub 2/ layer had a gallium to indium ratio of 0.26:0.74 with a bandgap of approximately 1.15 eV. The cells use an isolated tab design for the negative (grid) contact, demonstrating the ability to pattern the semiconductor layers. Such CuInGaSe/sub 2/-based cells may be suitable for large-area terrestrial applications and for single-junction space cell applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wet Air Oxidation of Meat-and-Bone Meal and Raw Animal Byproducts (2008)

The oxidation of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) and two different raw animal byproducts (before and after rendering) has been studied by wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO), which represents an alternative way of animal byproduct disposal. The degradation of organic compounds was monitored by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analysis following the subcritical conditions (230−280 °C, 9.9−18.6 MPa), which has led to the degradation of up to 90% of the initial total organic carbon (TOC) and reached 99% within the presence of platinum as a catalyst for the oxidation of a raw non-defatted sample. The oxidation of organic compounds has been studied as a function of pressure and temperature and showed that the TOC removal increased at higher temperature and higher pressure favoring the mass transfer of oxygen and organic compound into the liquid phase. The byproducts of the oxidation were identified; acetic acid was the main refractory organic compounds representing approximately 50% of the final residual TOC. The major inorganic byproduct was identified as ammonia, which was quantitatively removed (98.9%) in presence of platinum catalyst supported over alumina in basic medium.
Comments on Moorer's music and computer composition (1972)

J.A. Moorer's “Music and Computer Composition” [1] was a distressing communication. While I realize that musical expertise is probably beyond the realm of the editorial staff, I must object to both the naiveté and faulty reasoning on the musical side of this article. In a nutshell, Moorer presents us with many paragraphs of philosophical meanderings to back up a few results which are, by his own admission, inadequate. From this he concludes, “It is also hoped that this experiment may help dispel doubts that musical composition is ‘sacred’ and unreachable by mechanical methods.” From any serious musical point of view, such a conclusion is almost vacuous.
Role of Src Family Kinase in Extracellular Renal Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate- and Pressure-Induced Natriuresis (2011)

cGMP functions as an extracellular (paracrine) messenger acting at the renal proximal tubule and is an important modulator of pressure-natriuresis (P-N). The signaling pathway activated by cGMP in the tubule cell basolateral membrane remains unknown. We hypothesized that renal interstitial microinfusion of cGMP (50 nmol/kg per minute) or P-N would be accompanied by increased renal protein levels of phospho-Src (Tyr 416) and that the natriuresis would be decreased by Src inhibition. Renal interstitial cGMP-induced natriuresis was blocked by Src inhibitor PP2 (2.0±0.4 versus 0.5±0.01 μEq/g per minute; P<0.001). The inactive analog of PP2, PP3, had no effect on cGMP-induced natriuresis. SU6656, another Src inhibitor, also inhibited cGMP-induced natriuresis (2.0±0.4 versus 1.02±0.01 μEq/g per minute; P<0.001). Renal interstitial cGMP infusion increased phospho-Src protein levels 5.6-fold at 15 minutes and 6.8-fold at 30 minutes compared with vehicle infusion but returned toward basal levels after 60 minutes. PP2 also blunted P-N (3.1±0.1 versus 1.1±0.3 μEq/g per minute; P<0.01) despite a similar increase in blood pressure. PP3 had no effect on P-N. Phospho-Src protein levels increased during P-N in vehicle- (1.8-fold) and PP3-treated (2.1-fold) groups compared with the sham-operated group. PP2 blocked the pressure-induced increase in renal phospho-Src protein levels. PP2 had no effect on renal hemodynamics but decreased both fractional excretion of Na(+) and lithium. Both extracellular cGMP and increased renal perfusion pressure increased renal phospho-Src protein levels and induced natriuresis in an Src-dependent manner, demonstrating that Src is an important downstream signaling molecule for extracellular cGMP-induced natriuresis.
Electrospray ionization multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometric analysis of diglycosyldiacylglycerol glycolipids from the bacteria Bacillus pumilus (1999)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) was used to directly analyze the glycolipid mixture from bacteria Bacillus pumilus without preliminary separation. Full scan ESI-MS revealed the composition of picomole quantities of glycerolglycolipid species containing C(14)-C(19) fatty acids, some of which were monounsaturated. Two main components were identified from their molecular masses and fragmentation pathways. The fragmentation pathway of the known compound compared with the investigated compound verified the proposed structure as 1(3)-acyl-2-pentadecanoyl-3(1)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerols. A comparison of the multiple tandem mass spectra of the different alkali-metal cation adducts indicates that the intensity of fragments and the dissociation pathways are dependent on the alkali-metal type. The basic structures of glycerolglycolipids were reflected clearly from the fragmentation patterns of the sodium cations. The intense fragments of the sugar residue from the precursor ions were obtained from the lithiated adduct ions. ESI-MS(n) spectra of [M + K](+) ions did not provide as much fragmentation as [M + Na](+) and [M + Li](+) adducts, but their spectra allow the position of glycerol acylation to be determined. On the basis of MS(2) spectra of [M + K](+) ions, it was established that all components have a C(15:0) fatty acid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone and C(14)-C(19) acids at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.