gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convection vs vapour phase reflow in LED and BGA assembly (2018)

Purpose The aim of this paper is to evaluate using statistical methods how two soldering techniques – the convection reflow and vapour phase reflow with vacuum – influence reduction of voids in lead-free solder joints under Light Emitted Diodes (LEDs) and Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs). Design/methodology/approach Distribution of voids in solder joints under thermal and electrical pads of LEDs and in solder balls of BGAs assembled with convection reflow and vapour phase reflow with vacuum has been investigated in terms of coverage or void contents, void diameters and number of voids. For each soldering technology, 80 LEDs and 32 solder balls in BGAs were examined. Soldering processes were carried out in the industrial or semi-industrial environment. The OM340 solder paste of Innolot type was used for LED soldering. Voidings in solder joints were inspected with a 2D X-ray transmission system. OriginLab was used for statistical analysis. Findings Investigations supported by statistical analysis showed that the vapour phase reflow with vacuum decreases significantly void contents and number and diameters of voids in solder joints under LED and BGA packages when compared to convection reflow. Originality/value Voiding distribution data were collected on the basis of 2D X-ray images for test samples manufactured during the mass production processes. Statistical analysis enabled to appraise soldering technologies used in these processes in respect of void formation.
Experimental results on single antenna target detection using time-reversal techniques (2006)

In this paper, we describe a single antenna time-reversal based detection scheme that can be used to enhance the performance of a radar system in a multipath rich scattering environment. Using time-reversal, the response from a cluttered medium is first nulled. When the target enters into the medium, the electromagnetic energy focuses around the target so that a stronger echo is obtained. The experimental results show that depending on the amount of clutter in the medium, the performance of a radar detection scheme can be improved up to 4.8 dB using time-reversal methods with a single antenna.
Decremental All-Pairs ALL Shortest Paths and Betweenness Centrality (2014)

We consider the all pairs all shortest paths (APASP) problem, which maintains the shortest path dag rooted at every vertex in a directed graph G=(V,E) with positive edge weights. For this problem we present a decremental algorithm (that supports the deletion of a vertex, or weight increases on edges incident to a vertex). Our algorithm runs in amortized O(\vstar^2 \cdot \log n) time per update, where n=|V|, and \vstar bounds the number of edges that lie on shortest paths through any given vertex. Our APASP algorithm can be used for the decremental computation of betweenness centrality (BC), a graph parameter that is widely used in the analysis of large complex networks. No nontrivial decremental algorithm for either problem was known prior to our work. Our method is a generalization of the decremental algorithm of Demetrescu and Italiano [DI04] for unique shortest paths, and for graphs with \vstar =O(n), we match the bound in [DI04]. Thus for graphs with a constant number of shortest paths between any pair of vertices, our algorithm maintains APASP and BC scores in amortized time O(n^2 \log n) under decremental updates, regardless of the number of edges in the graph.
Inherited and Sporadic Epimutations at the <i>IGF2-H19</i> Locus in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome and Wilms&rsquo; Tumor (2009)

The parent-of-origin-dependent expression of IGF2 and H19 is controlled by the imprinting center 1 (IC1) consisting of a methylation-sensitive chromatin insulator. IC1 is normally methylated on the paternal chromosome and nonmethylated on the maternal chromosome. We found that 22 cases in a large cohort of patients affected by Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) had IC1 methylated on both parental chromosomes, resulting in biallelic activation of IGF2 and biallelic silencing of H19. These individuals had marked macrosomia and high incidence of Wilms' tumor. A subset of these patients had 1.4- to 1.8-kb deletions with hypermethylation of the remaining IC1 region and fully penetrant BWS phenotype when transmitted maternally. Another subset of individuals with IC1 hypermethylation had a similar clinical phenotype but no mutation in the local vicinity. All these cases were sporadic and in at least two families affected and unaffected members shared the same maternal IC1 allele but not the abnormal maternal epigenotype. Similarly, no IC1 deletion was detected in 10 nonsyndromic Wilms' tumors with IC1 hypermethylation. In conclusion, methylation defects at the IGF2-H19 locus can result from inherited mutations of the imprinting center and have high recurrence risk or arise independently from the sequence context and not transmitted to the progeny.
The Determination of Photon Flux for Energies between 150 and 300 Mev (1953)

A calorimetric method of determining photon flux is described. Absolute calibration was performed with an improved Pb block calorimeter using thermistors as temperature-sensitive elements. Five-minute irradiations were employed with a maximum of 33 milliwatts emerging from a 0.5-in. collimator placed at 115 cm from the betatron target. A secondary standard was developed for the purpose of determining bremsstrahlung flux. This secondary standard was a 4-in. diameter, parallel plate ionization chamber consisting of a 0.016-in. Al center foil separated by 0.052-in. air gaps from 0.25-in. Cu front and back plates and adapted for use with a Victoreen M-70 electrometer. With corrections described, the results, in ergs/esu per cm air (NTP), are 7340 at 300 Mev, 6370 at 250 Mev, 5720 at 200 Mev, and 5370 at 150 Mev. Calibration of Victoreen thimbles with various types of converter were also made.
Uranium Dioxide Particles Collection Using Radiation Pressure of a Laser Light in Air (1998)

KEYWORDS: laser manipulationradiation pressurenuclear fuelsfuel particlesparticle collectionnoncontact manipulationuranium dioxidegeneralized Lorentz-Mie theorylaser radiation
Low-temperature matrix stabilization and infrared spectroscopy of dichloroketene (1987)

In this paper the authors performed more complete mass-spectrometry and low-temperature infrared matrix spectroscopy studies of the liability of dichloroketene I. Compound I was produced by the interaction of trichloroacetylchloride (II) vapor with Zn. In the mass spectrum of II, at an ionization energy of 14 eV, the molecular ion with m/z 180 was absent, and all the peaks in the spectrum correspond to the ion fragments COCl/sup +/ (m/z 63; relative intensity 147), CCl/sub 2//sup +/ (82; 150) and CCl/sub 3//sup +/ (117; 1000). In the mass-spectrometric study of the reaction they observed that its main product is a compound with molecular ion 110 and a chemical composition that corresponds to dichloroketene I and ZnCl/sub 2/ (m/z 134). The infrared spectrum of the parent II in an Ar matrix at 12/sup 0/K was obtained for the first time. The m/z values are for isotope combinations with the greatest natural abundance.
Upgrade coke by gasification (1982)

Dermoscopy was used to investigate skin lesions in 15 children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Purplish-red globules or patches could be seen in different rashes under dermoscopy, and histopathology showed extravasation of red blood cells. The dermoscopy findings closely correlated with the histopathology results. Purplish-red globules or patches could be useful as important dermoscopy features for the differential diagnosis of LCH.
PDA based Point-of-care Personal Diabetes Management System (2005)

Diabetes is an incurable chronic disease with the prevalence high in developed countries. The number of patients in Korea is also on a steady increase. Patients have to self-manage their blood glucose level by daily test and insulin injection. Therefore, it is very important to assist them in self-management procedure. In this study, PDA(personal digital assistant) based PDMS (personal diabetes management system) was developed in the integrated environment of Visual Studio .NET 2003, which consisted of four main menus to manage personal information, diet, exercise, and blood glucose. It gives quantitative health indices, such as BMI (body mass index) and diabetes index, based on personal physical information, pedigree, and living habits. In addition, it is capable of predicting change of the body weight, which may remind patients of the importance of the disease management. The present system can be used as a mobile device within the tele-healthcare system integrated with medical center through Internet.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Study of New Piperazine Derivatives. II. Phenethylpiperazines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Pharmacological Study of New Piperazine Derivatives. II. PhenethylpiperazinesR. Ratouis, J. R. Boissier, and C. DumontCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 1, 104–107Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00325a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00325a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compressive Sampling of EEG Signals with Finite Rate of Innovation (2010)

Analyses of electroencephalographic signals and subsequent diagnoses can only be done effectively on long term recordings that preserve the signals' morphologies. Currently, electroencephalographic signals are obtained at Nyquist rate or higher, thus introducing redundancies. Existing compression methods remove these redundancies, thereby achieving compression. We propose an alternative compression scheme based on a sampling theory developed for signals with a finite rate of innovation (FRI) which compresses electroencephalographic signals during acquisition. We model the signals as FRI signals and then sample them at their rate of innovation. The signals are thus effectively represented by a small set of Fourier coefficients corresponding to the signals' rate of innovation. Using the FRI theory, original signals can be reconstructed using this set of coefficients. Seventy-two hours of electroencephalographic recording are tested and results based on metrices used in compression literature and morphological similarities of electroencephalographic signals are presented. The proposed method achieves results comparable to that of wavelet compression methods, achieving low reconstruction errors while preserving the morphologiies of the signals. More importantly, it introduces a new framework to acquire electroencephalographic signals at their rate of innovation, thus entailing a less costly low-rate sampling device that does not waste precious computational resources.
Comparison of Late Luminal Loss Response Pattern After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation or Conventional Stenting (2004)

The pattern of late loss after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation follows a peculiar behavior, different from lesions treated with conventional stents. Whether this is explained by an unusual statistical distribution or a biological all-or-none response of restenosis after sirolimus-eluting stenting remains to be investigated.
Salix discolor Muhl. (2001)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/6430/thumbnail.jpg
Evaluation of Extraction Protocols for Simultaneous Polar and Non-Polar Yeast Metabolite Analysis Using Multivariate Projection Methods (2013)

Metabolomic and lipidomic approaches aim to measure metabolites or lipids in the cell. Metabolite extraction is a key step in obtaining useful and reliable data for successful metabolite studies. Significant efforts have been made to identify the optimal extraction protocol for various platforms and biological systems, for both polar and non-polar metabolites. Here we report an approach utilizing chemoinformatics for systematic comparison of protocols to extract both from a single sample of the model yeast organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three chloroform/methanol/water partitioning based extraction protocols found in literature were evaluated for their effectiveness at reproducibly extracting both polar and non-polar metabolites. Fatty acid methyl esters and methoxyamine/trimethylsilyl derivatized aqueous compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry to evaluate non-polar or polar metabolite analysis. The comparative breadth and amount of recovered metabolites was evaluated using multivariate projection methods. This approach identified an optimal protocol consisting of 64 identified polar metabolites from 105 ion hits and 12 fatty acids recovered, and will potentially attenuate the error and variation associated with combining metabolite profiles from different samples for untargeted analysis with both polar and non-polar analytes. It also confirmed the value of using multivariate projection methods to compare established extraction protocols.
Decoding Subject-Driven Cognitive States with Whole-Brain Connectivity Patterns (2011)

Decoding specific cognitive states from brain activity constitutes a major goal of neuroscience. Previous studies of brain-state classification have focused largely on decoding brief, discrete events and have required the timing of these events to be known. To date, methods for decoding more continuous and purely subject-driven cognitive states have not been available. Here, we demonstrate that free-streaming subject-driven cognitive states can be decoded using a novel whole-brain functional connectivity analysis. Ninety functional regions of interest (ROIs) were defined across 14 large-scale resting-state brain networks to generate a 3960 cell matrix reflecting whole-brain connectivity. We trained a classifier to identify specific patterns of whole-brain connectivity as subjects rested quietly, remembered the events of their day, subtracted numbers, or (silently) sang lyrics. In a leave-one-out cross-validation, the classifier identified these 4 cognitive states with 84% accuracy. More critically, the classifier achieved 85% accuracy when identifying these states in a second, independent cohort of subjects. Classification accuracy remained high with imaging runs as short as 30-60 s. At all temporal intervals assessed, the 90 functionally defined ROIs outperformed a set of 112 commonly used structural ROIs in classifying cognitive states. This approach should enable decoding a myriad of subject-driven cognitive states from brief imaging data samples.
Interpolation theorems for self-adjoint operators (2009)

We prove a complex and a real interpolation theorems on Besov spaces and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with a selfadjoint operator $$ \mathcal{L} $$ , without assuming the gradient estimate for its spectral kernel. The result applies to the cases where $$ \mathcal{L} $$ is a uniformly elliptic operator or a Schrödinger operator with electro-magnetic potential.
393. Engineering Armored T Cell Receptor-Mimic (TCRm) Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells Specific for the Intracellular Protein Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) for Treatment of Hematologic and Solid Malignancies (2016)

Adoptive therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells specific for CD19 is clinically successful in a limited set of leukemias and most CARs studied are targeted against external antigens. Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 (WT1) protein (WT1) is an intracellular antigen overexpressed in many cancers, including leukemias and solid malignancies and is thus an appealing, broadly applicable target. We have engineered the first armored T cell receptor-mimic (TCRm) CAR against WT1. Derived from the ESK1 antibody, the second generation CAR, WT1-28z, is reactive with the RMFPNAPYL peptide of WT1 that is processed and presented on the surface of cells in the context of HLA-A*02:01. WT1-28z was further modified to secrete human IL-12 cytokine, thus creating the armored CAR WT1-28z/IL-12. T cells expressing WT1-28z or WT1-28z/IL-12 are cytotoxic against a range of both hematological and solid tumors. Importantly, both WT1-directed T cells are specific for the WT1-HLA-A*02:01 complex and are not reactive against cells that do not express both HLA-A*02:01 and WT1. In established SCID/Beige mouse models of either acute leukemia or ovarian cancer, one dose of WT1-28z T cells prolongs survival of mice over untreated or irrelevant antigen-specific CAR T cell treated mice. Furthermore, one dose of the armored WT1-28z/IL12 CAR T cells further significantly prolongs survival of mice in both models over WT1-28z CAR T cell treated mice, with a subset of mice whose disease was eradicated. The armored TCRm CAR T cells against WT1 are effective in eradicating disease in both hematologic and solid tumors and may hold great clinical potential to expand on the success of CAR T cell therapy.
Optimal balancing of I/O requests to disks (1975)

Determining a policy for efficient allocation and utilization of a set of disk drives with differing operational characteristics is examined using analytical techniques. Using standard queueing theory, each disk drive is characterized by a queueing model with service time of a disk drive represented by the probability density function of the sum of two uniform distributions. Total response time of the set of disk models is then minimized under varying load conditions. The results indicate that faster devices should have higher utilization factors and that the number of different device types utilized tends to decrease with decreasing load. Specific examples using 2314 and 3330 combinations are examined.
Tomato Growth Stage Monitoring for Smart Farm Using Deep Transfer Learning with Machine Learning-based Maturity Grading (2020)

The tomato farming industry needs to adopt new ideas in applying the technology for its growth monitoring and main. Machine vision and image processing techniques have become useful in the increasing need for quality inspection of fruits, particularly, tomatoes. This paper deals with the design and development of a computer-vision monitoring system to assess the growth of tomato plants in a chamber by detecting the presence of flowers and fruits. The system also provides maturity grading for the tomato fruit. Two pre-trained deep transfer learning models were used in the study for the detection of flowers and fruits, namely, the Regional-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and the Single Shot Detector (SDD). Maturity classification of tomato fruits are implemented using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Evaluation results show that for the detection of flowers and fruits, the over-all accuracy of the R-CNN is 1.67% for flower detection and 19.48% for the fruit detection while SSD registered 100% and 95.99% for flower and fruit detection respectively. In the machine learning for maturity grading, SVM produced the training-testing accuracy rate of 97.78%-99.81%, KNN with 93.78%-99.32%, and ANN with 91.33%-99.32%.
Influence of Glucose on Candida albicans and the Relevance of the Complement FH-Binding Molecule Hgt1 in a Murine Model of Candidiasis (2022)

Candidiasis is common in diabetic patients. Complement evasion is facilitated by binding complement factor H (FH). Since the expression of high-affinity glucose transporter 1 (Hgt1), a FH-binding molecule, is glucose-dependent, we aimed to study its relevance to the pathogenesis of <i>Candida albicans</i>. Euglycemic and diabetic mice were intravenously challenged with either <i>Candida albicans</i> lacking Hgt1 (hgt1-/-) or its parental strain (SN152). Survival and clinical status were monitored over 14 days. In vitro, <i>Candida albicans</i> strains were grown at different glucose concentrations, opsonized with human serum, and checked for C3b/iC3b and FH deposition. Phagocytosis was studied by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled opsonized yeast cells incubated with granulocytes. The murine model demonstrated a significantly higher virulence of SN152 in diabetic mice and an overall increased lethality of mice challenged with hgt1-/-. In vitro lower phagocytosis and C3b/iC3b deposition and higher FH deposition were demonstrated for SN152 incubated at higher glucose concentrations, while there was no difference on hgt1-/- at physiological glucose concentrations. Despite C3b/iC3b and FH deposition being glucose-dependent, this effect has a minor influence on phagocytosis. The absence of Hgt1 is diminishing this dependency on complement deposition, but it cannot be attributed to being beneficial in a murine model.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Control of breathing by raphe obscurus serotonergic neurons in mice. (2011)

We used optogenetics to determine the global respiratory effects produced by selectively stimulating raphe obscurus (RO) serotonergic neurons in anesthetized mice and to test whether these neurons detect changes in the partial pressure of CO(2), and hence function as central respiratory chemoreceptors. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) was selectively (∼97%) incorporated into ∼50% of RO serotonergic neurons by injecting AAV2 DIO ChR2-mCherry (adeno-associated viral vector double-floxed inverse open reading frame of ChR2-mCherry) into the RO of ePet-Cre mice. The transfected neurons heavily innervated lower brainstem and spinal cord regions involved in autonomic and somatic motor control plus breathing but eschewed sensory related regions. Pulsed laser photostimulation of ChR2-transfected serotonergic neurons increased respiratory frequency (fR) and diaphragmatic EMG (dEMG) amplitude in relation to the duration and frequency of the light pulses (half saturation, 1 ms; 5-10 Hz). dEMG amplitude and fR increased slowly (half saturation after 10-15 s) and relaxed monoexponentially (tau, 13-15 s). The breathing stimulation was reduced ∼55% by methysergide (broad spectrum serotonin antagonist) and potentiated (∼16%) at elevated levels of inspired CO(2) (8%). RO serotonergic neurons, identified by their entrainment to short light pulses (threshold, 0.1-1 ms) were silent (nine cells) or had a low and regular level of activity (2.1 ± 0.4 Hz; 11 cells) that was not synchronized with respiration. These and nine surrounding neurons with similar characteristics were unaffected by adding up to 10% CO(2) to the breathing mixture. In conclusion, RO serotonergic neurons activate breathing frequency and amplitude and potentiate the central respiratory chemoreflex but do not appear to have a central respiratory chemoreceptor function. PMID: 21307236 Funding information This work was supported by: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL074011-08 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL028785-29 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL28785 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 HL028785 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL74011 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32 HL096280 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL074011 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: 1F32HL096280-01 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL028785 More Less keyboard_arrow_down