gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling the optical path length in turbid media using differential path-length spectroscopy: fiber diameter dependence (2008)

We have characterized the path length for the differential path-length spectroscopy (DPS) fiber optic geometry for a wide range of optical properties and for fiber diameters ranging from 200 microm to 1000 microm. Phantom measurements show that the path length is nearly constant for scattering coefficients in the range 5 mm(-1)< micros <50 mm(-1) for all fiber diameters and that the path length is proportional to the fiber diameter. The path length decreases with increasing absorption for all fiber diameters, and this effect is more pronounced for larger fiber diameters. An empirical model is formulated that relates the DPS path length to total absorption for all fiber diameters simultaneously.
Egypt in transition - ready for democracy? (2011)

"Am 7. Juni 2011 organisierte das Österreichische Institut für Internationale Politik in Zusammenarbeit mit IDEAZ, dem Außenministerium und der Anna-Lindh Stiftung eine Konferenz mit dem Titel: „Egypt in Transition – Ready for Democracy“. Es diskutierten ExpertInnen, ForscherInnen, PolitikerInnen und AktivistInnen aus Ägypten und dem Ausland über die Veränderungsprozesse und versuchten gemeinsam Ausblicke auf zukünftige Entwicklungen zu wagen. Wer sind die wichtigsten Akteure? Was ist für eine demokratische Transition notwendig und welche Rolle wird der Islam in Zukunft spielen? – so lauteten die grundlegenden Fragen. Die folgende Analyse beruht auf den wichtigsten Erkenntnissen, die aus der Konferenz gewonnen wurden. Das Nahost Forschungsprogramm des oiip verfolgt die aktuellen Entwicklungen in Ägypten und der Region weiter und bietet dazu laufend Analysen an." (Autorenreferat)
Uncalibrated vision based on structured light (2002)

The recovery of the three-dimensional structure of the environment is a pre-requisite for many tasks in mobile robotics. Unfortunately, calibration acts as a brake upon visual adaptation and robotic autonomy. We provide tools and constraints based on structured light for a complete and efficient uncalibrated Euclidean reconstruction of the environment. Experimental results achieved both on simulated and real data validate the method.
Increasing the Sensitivity-Bandwidth Product of Dual Resonant FSR Electro-Optic Modulators Using a Ring Resonator with Waveguide-Coupled Feedback (2018)

Dual resonant free-spectral-range RF-optic modulators using ring and feedback waveguide have been first proposed and theoretically analyzed to increase the sensitivity–bandwidth product. The sensitivity–bandwidth products are up to 2.5 times larger than conventional sing ring resonator modulator.
Causal network in a deafferented non-human primate brain (2015)

De-afferented/efferented neural ensembles can undergo causal changes when interfaced to neuroprosthetic devices. These changes occur via recruitment or isolation of neurons, alterations in functional connectivity within the ensemble and/or changes in the role of neurons, i.e., excitatory/inhibitory. In this work, emergence of a causal network and changes in the dynamics are demonstrated for a deafferented brain region exposed to BMI (brain-machine interface) learning. The BMI was controlling a robot for reach-and-grasp behavior. And, the motor cortical regions used for the BMI were deafferented due to chronic amputation, and ensembles of neurons were decoded for velocity control of the multi-DOF robot. A generalized linear model-framework based Granger causality (GLM-GC) technique was used in estimating the ensemble connectivity. Model selection was based on the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion).
ChemInform Abstract: Angle Dependence of the Properties of the (Fe2X)4+ Bridge Unit (X: O, S): Structures, Antiferromagnetic Coupling, and Properties in Solution. (1988)

Abstract The effects of changing the bridge angle in the bridges Fe‐Z‐Fe (Z: O, S) as they occur in complexes of type (I) are investigated.
Pyrimidine Dimers: UV‐Induced DNA Damage (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Formation of Pyrimidine Dimers Chemical Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing Pyrimidine Dimers Structure and Mutagenesis of Pyrimidine Dimer-Containing DNA Repair of Pyrimidine Dimers in Cells Bypass of Pyrimidine Dimers by DNA Polymerases References
[The perinatal risk factors and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in premature infants--relationship between fetal heart rate decelerations and PVL]. (1996)

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) has recently been recognized as an important risk factor of neurological impairment in premature infants. We studied 29 PVL cases on perinatal risk factors comparing with a non-PVL matched control group retrospectively. Variable decelerations were more frequently observed with statistical significance in the PVL group in the intrapartum period. Then another study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations and cystic PVL prospectively. Since January 1993 through December 1994 we studied 209 low birth weight infants (31.1 +/- 3.2 weeks, 1,424 +/- 419 g) who had been subjected to intrapartum FHR monitoring and postnatal sonographic intracranial examinations sequentially every 7 days until discharge. Cystic PVL was detected in 6 of 209 cases (2.9%) and occurred only in infants who had revealed severe variable deceleration or prolonged deceleration (6/37, 16%) in intrapartum FHR monitoring. We conclude that in low birth weight infants intrapartum severe variable deceleration or prolonged deceleration might play a causal role in cystic PVL.
High-Throughput Experimentation in Rotational Rheology for Paint & Coatings Applications (2013)

Thorough knowledge of physical and chemical material properties is crucial for new product developments. Using conventional material research, limited research data on material characterization delivers limited answers to interesting research questions. Therefore, a robotically operated rheometer was developed which fully automates all measuring steps.
Innate immune reconstitution with suppression of HIV-1 (2016)

Progressive HIV-1 infection leads to both profound immune suppression and pathologic inflammation in the majority of infected individuals. While adaptive immune dysfunction, as evidenced by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell depletion and exhaustion, has been extensively studied, less is known about the functional capacity of innate immune cell populations in the context of HIV-1 infection. Given the broad susceptibility to opportunistic infections and the dysregulated inflammation observed in progressive disease, we hypothesized that there would be significant changes in the innate cellular responses. Using a cohort of patients with multiple samplings before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, we demonstrated increased responses to innate immune stimuli following viral suppression, as measured by the production of inflammatory cytokines. Plasma viral load itself had the strongest association with this change in innate functional capacity. We further identified epigenetic modifications in the <i>TNFA</i> promoter locus in monocytes that are associated with viremia, suggesting a molecular mechanism for the observed changes in innate immune function following initiation of ART. These data indicate that suppression of HIV-1 viremia is associated with changes in innate cellular function that may in part determine the restoration of protective immune responses.
Underlying mechanisms of the synergistic role of Li2MnO3 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 in high-Mn, Li-rich oxides (2016)

For large-scale energy storage applications requiring high energy density, the development of Li-rich oxides with enhanced cyclic stabilities during high-voltage operations and large specific capacities is required. In this regard, high-Mn, Li-rich oxides (HMLOs; xLi2MnO3 (1 - x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 at x > 0.5) warrant an in-depth study because of their good cyclic performance at high operating voltages and potentially large specific capacities. Here, to understand the synergistic effects and enhanced cyclic stability of HMLOs, mechanically blended HMLO (m-HMLO) and chemically bonded HMLO (c-HMLO) were prepared and investigated. c-HMLO exhibits relatively high reaction voltages, large specific capacities, and enhanced cyclic stabilities (∼99%) at a high operating voltage (∼4.8 V vs. Li/Li(+)) compared with m-HMLO. First-principles calculations with electronic structure analysis were performed using an atomic model developed by Rietveld refinement using as-synthesised c-HMLO. The redox mechanisms of Ni, Co, and Mn ions were determined via the partial density of states of the ground states predicted using the cluster expansion method, which elucidates that LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 stabilises the transition metal (TM) layer of Li2MnO3 and separates Li delithiation potentials in Li2MnO3 in the HMLO. Kinetic analyses including electronic structures revealed that the interlayer migration of TMs from the TM layer to the Li layer depends on the crystal field stabilisation. Thus, TMs with reduced character in the tetrahedral sites than the octahedral sites owing to the effects of crystal field stabilisation, such as Ni ions, in HMLOs would face a higher interlayer migration barrier, impeding phase transformation into spinel phases. Furthermore, Cu ions could constitute a doping source for HMLOs to improve the material's cyclic stability through this mechanism. These characteristics may be widely applied to explain experimental phenomena and improve the properties of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
DifferCloudStor: Differentiated Quality of Service for Cloud Storage (2013)

For a large scale cloud cluster, providing data access which crosses through high performance computing servers, network and storage servers, and scheduling resources among multi-tenants are challenging jobs, especially with specific level of quality of service (QoS) requirements. Besides the criteria of current availability and reliability in service level agreement (SLA), throughput and latency are also critical QoS performance measurements to the tenants. Any QoS solution, unfortunately, cannot be achieved without introducing additional overhead. A good QoS design should always be cost effective. This paper proposes a cost-effective QoS infrastructure over a distributed storage system, providing work-conserving differentiated QoS for multi-tenants cloud storage. The proposed QoS infrastructure combines global service differentiation with adaptive share allocation to support differentiated QoS and achieves both service isolation among users from the same class and service differentiation among users from different classes.
Epidermal growth factor regulation by autophagy‐mediated lncRNA H19 in murine intestinal tract after severe burn (2020)

To investigate the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) by autophagy-mediated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in the intestinal tracts of severely burned mice. C57BL/6J mice received third-degree burns to 30% of the total body surface area. Rapamycin and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used to activate and inhibit autophagy, and the changes in LC3 and Beclin1 levels were assessed by Western blotting. The effect of autophagy on lncRNA H19 was detected by qRT-PCR. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of lncRNA H19 in IEC-6 cells was used to assess the effects of lncRNA H19 on EGF and let-7g via bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting and qRT-PCR. let-7g mimic/inhibitor was used to overexpress/inhibit let-7g, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effects of let-7g on EGF. The expression levels of LC3-II, Beclin1 and lncRNA H19 were increased in intestinal tissues and IEC-6 cells after rapamycin treatment but were reversed after 3-MA treatment. LC3-II, Beclin1 and lncRNA H19 levels increased in intestinal tissues after the burn, and these increases were more significant after rapamycin treatment but decreased after 3-MA treatment. The lncRNA H19 overexpression in IEC-6 cells resulted in increased and decreased expression levels of EGF and let-7g, respectively. Furthermore, overexpression and inhibition of let-7g resulted in decreased and increased expression of EGF, respectively. Taken together, intestinal autophagy is activated after a serious burn, which can increase the transcription level of lncRNA H19. lncRNA H19 may regulate the repair of EGF via let-7g following intestinal mucosa injury after a burn.
A case series of the safety and efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy in renal failure and kidney transplant patients (2016)

Symptomatic hypogonadism is common in dialysis and transplant patients and T replacement therapy can be safely given with improvement in T values and symptoms in most patients. Anemia is usually improved. Testopel pellets can be used in immunosuppressed transplant recipients without infectious complications.
Workload Prediction Using ARIMA Model and Its Impact on Cloud Applications’ QoS (2014)

As companies shift from desktop applications to cloud-based software as a service (SaaS) applications deployed on public clouds, the competition for end-users by cloud providers offering similar services grows. In order to survive in such a competitive market, cloud-based companies must achieve good quality of service (QoS) for their users, or risk losing their customers to competitors. However, meeting the QoS with a cost-effective amount of resources is challenging because workloads experience variation overtime. This problem can be solved with proactive dynamic provisioning of resources, which can estimate the future need of applications in terms of resources and allocate them in advance, releasing them once they are not required. In this paper, we present the realization of a cloud workload prediction module for SaaS providers based on the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. We introduce the prediction based on the ARIMA model and evaluate its accuracy of future workload prediction using real traces of requests to Web servers. We also evaluate the impact of the achieved accuracy in terms of efficiency in resource utilization and QoS. Simulation results show that our model is able to achieve an average accuracy of up to 91 percent, which leads to efficiency in resource utilization with minimal impact on the QoS.
45-degree curved micro-mirror for vertical optical I/O of silicon photonics chip (2019)

The broadband vertical optical inputs/outputs (I/Os) of silicon (Si) photonics pose significant challenges in terms of practical applications. Herein, we worked on a vertical optical I/O using a 45° curved micro-mirror. To verify the optical coupling characteristics, a simulation was conducted. As a result, efficient broadband optical coupling with various types of single-mode optical fibers was obtained owing to its lens function. An integration technology of the curved mirror was also developed based on the semiconductor manufacturing process. A curved micro-mirror with a spherical surface was obtained, and the vertical optical I/O with its lens function was demonstrated experimentally.
Abstract 2863: Magnetic resonance imaging based analysis of tumor growth and vascular parameters in animal model of GBM following IV formulated of HET0016 treatments (2017)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. HET0016 a selective CYP450 inhibitor has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth. Therefore, to explore novel treatments, we have generated an improved intravenous (IV) formulation of HET0016 with HPßCD and tested in animal models of human and syngeneic GBM. Tumor growth and vascular parameters (tumor blood volume, permeability and, extravascular and extracellular space volume) were determined by in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pharmacokinetics of HPßCD-HET0016 were evaluated in plasma and tumor tissues using IV and IP routes of administration. IV treatment with HPßCD-HET0016 decreased tumor growth, tumor blood volume, permeability and, extravascular and extracellular space volume, when compared with the vehicle group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Similar growth inhibition was also observed in syngeneic GL261 GBM (p&amp;lt;0.05). Survival studies using patient derived xenografts of GBM (PDX), showed prolonged survival to 25-27 weeks in animals treated combinedly with focal radiation, IV HET0016 and TMZ (p&amp;lt;0.05). Administration of a single dose resulted in 7-fold higher levels of HET0016 in the IV group in plasma and 3.6-fold higher levels in tumor tissue at 60 min compared to that of IP route. We observed reduced expression of markers of cell proliferation (Ki-67), decreased neovascularization (laminin and αSMA) and migration (MHC-1) in the treated group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Decreased tumor growth was associated with reduced expression of pro-angiogenic markers (IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF, HIF-1α, and VE-Cadherin), inflammation (p-NFκB), intermediates of MAPK pathway (p-AKT, p-ERK and p-STAT1, EGFR), arachidonic acid metabolism (COX-1, CYP4A11) and increased expression of anti-angiogenic markers (Ang2, Angiostatin and Tie-2). Our results indicate that the improved IV formulation of HPßCD-HET0016 is effective in inhibiting tumor growth through decreasing proliferation, migration, and neovascularization. Furthermore, HET0016 significantly enhanced sensitivity of TMZ and prolonged survival in PDX GBM. Citation Format: Ali S. Arbab, Meenu Jain, Bhagelu Achyut, Kartik Angara, Mohammad H. Rashid, Asm Iskander, Thaiz F. Borin, Wenbo Zhi, Roxan Ara, Irina Lebedyeva, Hassan Bagher-Ebadian. Magnetic resonance imaging based analysis of tumor growth and vascular parameters in animal model of GBM following IV formulated of HET0016 treatments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2863. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2863
Reliability performances of optical ATM switches based on different routing and buffering schemes (1999)

Reliability performances of seven equal-capacity optical asynchronous transfer mode switches based on different routing and buffering schemes are compared. Calculations are based on available reliability data for commercial components as well as expected life lengths for new components and systems. In general, for switching systems, the average downtime is required to be held below 3 min/year. However, our results indicate that the average downtime for the proposed configurations is much longer than requested, over ten times longer for the best case and over 1500 times longer for the worst case. Therefore, the multiplane structures (i.e., multiplying of the entire systems) have to be provided for the switching systems investigated here in order to satisfy reliability requirements.
Orbit Stability Determination of Satellites Using Harmonic Force Excitation Analysis (2015)

The focus of this paper is the determination of orbit stability of a small satellite around an asteroid with a complex gravitational field using harmonic force excitation analysis. The determination of stable orbits is critical in space mission planning, especially in deep space missions investigating asteroids having undetermined mass distribution. Many of these asteroids have complex gravitational fields that make close orbits, which are necessary for inspection, very difficult to predict and safely maintain. Simulations of the asteroid Itokawa, which was visited and analyzed by the Hayabusa Space Mission, have shown such complex gravitational fields. Orbit simulations using Systems Tool Kit (STK) software have demonstrated many interesting phenomena resulting from the nonlinear satellite/asteroid interaction. One behavior of special note was the influence of the rate of spin of the asteroid and the stability of the orbit. This behavior was found to be linked to the frequency and magnitude of the gravitational excitation force along with altitude of the orbiting satellite. A harmonic force excitation analysis of the system was shown to be an accurate predictor of orbital stability. The resulting frequency ratio determined is shown to predict regions where complex gravity effects are significant.
Multiresolution local tomography in dental radiology using wavelets (2007)

A Bayesian multiresolution model for local tomography in dental radiology is proposed. In this model a wavelet basis is used to present dental structures and the prior information is modeled in terms of Besov norm penalty. The proposed wavelet-based multiresolution method is used to reduce the number of unknowns in the reconstruction problem by abandoning fine-scale wavelets outside the region of interest (ROI). This multiresolution model allows significant reduction in the number of unknowns without the loss of reconstruction accuracy inside the ROI. The feasibility of the proposed method is tested with two-dimensional (2D) examples using simulated and experimental projection data from dental specimens.
Kinetic properties of 'dual' orexin receptor antagonists at OX1 and Ox2 receptors (2013)

We have studied the interactions between human OX1 and OX2 receptors and various “dual” orexin receptor antagonists using radioligand binding with [3H] BBAC (S)-N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1-(2-((1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide). [3H] BBAC binds rapidly and reversibly to both hOX1 and hOX2 receptors. Competition experiments were performed at different time points (15 – 240 min) with [3H]BBAC and SB-649868, almorexant, suvorexant (MK4305) and filorexant (MK6096) in comparison to BBAC and IPSU (2-((1H-Indol-3-yl)methyl)-9-(4-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-1-one) a selective OX2 receptor antagonist, presented in the companion paper. Further, we have extended these studies to determine the kinetic features of the “dual” orexin receptor antagonists on calcium signaling using FLIPR® in cells expressing human, rat or mouse OX1 and OX2 receptors. The calcium signaling studies confirm what was observed in radioligand binding: almorexant reaches equilibrium very slowly at OX2 receptors, whereas SB-649868, suvorexant and filorexant may take hours to reach steady state at OX1 and/or OX2 receptors. On the other hand, compounds such as BBAC or IPSU bind rapidly and do reach equilibrium very quickly in both binding and / or functional assays. In summary, the “dual” antagonists tested here reach equilibrium very slowly; whereas they all tend to be rather unselective under non-equilibrium conditions, after equilibrium is reached, each ligand demonstrates a distinct selectivity profile. The data also suggest that since equilibrium will be reached slowly in vitro and probably in vivo, receptor occupancy may be longer lasting than predicted by pharmacokinetic studies measuring plasma or brain levels of these antagonists.