gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HGDom: Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Networks for Malicious Domain Detection (2020)

As a fundamental component of the Internet, Domain Name System (DNS) is widely abused by attackers in various cybercrimes, making malicious domain detection an essential task in network defenses. However, some well-crafted attacks with tricky techniques can not only bypass blacklists but also make some machine learning-based detection systems infeasible. In this paper, we design HGDom, an accurate and robust malicious domain detection system based on a heterogeneous graph convolutional network method. First, we jointly analyze domain features as well as the complex relations among domains, clients, and IP addresses. To capture richer information, we introduce a Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) to model the DNS scene. Then, we propose a novel representation method named MAGCN. With a meta-path-based attention mechanism, it can handle node features and the graph structure in HIN at the same time. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to apply GCN in cyber security analysis. Comprehensive experiments over DNS data from TUNET and CERNET2 are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed methods. The comparison results show that HGDom outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with promising performance. Besides, the system is decided to be deployed in production to assist with network security management for CERNET2.
Clonal Growth Capacity and Phenotype of Ex Vivo Expanded Oral Mucosal Tissue (2015)

Purpose Cultured oral mucosal epithelial cells can treat stem cell deficiency of the cornea. The present study aims to determine the best site for harvesting oral mucosal cells and the effects of four media on these cultured cells. Methods Pieces of oral epithelium were used from four locations: buccal mucosa (BM), hard palate (HP), lower lip (LL), and transition zone of the lower lip (TZ) of Sprague‐Dawley rats. Explants were grown in four different culture media for six days. The media were 1) RPMI 1640; 2) EpiLife; 3) oral keratinocyte medium (OKM); and 4) DMEM and Ham 12 (1:1 mixture). Morphology, phenotype, and colony forming efficiency were analyzed. Results DMEM and RPMI yielded higher explant outgrowth than OKM and EpiLife. Using DMEM and RPMI, fold growth was superior from LL biopsies (36.43 ± 7.42 and 32.34 ± 12.22, respectively) compared to biopsies from HP (7.46 ± 0.69 and 10.14 ± 1.14, respectively), BM (11.15 ± 2.94 and 22.40 ± 8.45, respectively) and TZ (19 ± 3 and 15 ± 4.02, respectively) ( p &lt;0.05; N=4‐11). The percentage of PCNA+ cells was lower near the explant than at the leading edge whereas the percentage of NGF P75+ was not significantly different in any of the locations. In DMEM, cells from TZ showed higher colony forming efficiency (0.059% ± 0.004%) than cells from BM, HP and LP ( p &lt;0.05; N=5). Conclusions The transition zone of the lower lip, which showed the highest colony forming ability, may be most effective in treating limbal stem cell deficiency.
A facile approach to prepare porphyrinic porous aromatic frameworks for small hydrocarbon separation (2014)

A series of porphyrin-based porous aromatic frameworks are synthesized through a facile approach, and they possess high adsorption capacity and high adsorption selectivity values of small hydrocarbons.
Oxide Electrocatalysts Based on Earth-Abundant Metals for Both Hydrogen- and Oxygen-Evolution Reactions (2020)

A unique bifunctional oxide electrocatalyst capable of catalyzing both half-reactions of water splitting, namely, oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), with the added capability of catalyzing HER in both acidic and basic media, a rare property in water-splitting catalysts, is reported. In addition to the bifunctional electrocatalytic properties, CaSrFeMnO6−δ shows OER activity, which is even superior to the reported activities of precious-metal electrocatalysts, IrO2 and RuO2. The correlation of electrocatalysis with the charge-transport properties in the series Ca2FeMnO6−δ, CaSrFeMnO6−δ, and Sr2FeMnO6−δ is demonstrated. Given the dependence of charge transport on structure and defects, this work unravels the interesting correlations between the triangle of structure, charge transport, and electrocatalytic activity for water splitting.
Microbial nitrate reduction in propane- or butane-based membrane biofilm reactors under oxygen-limiting conditions (2023)

Nitrate contamination has been commonly detected in water environments and poses serious hazards to human health. Previously methane was proposed as a promising electron donor to remove nitrate from contaminated water. Compared with pure methane, natural gas, which not only contains methane but also other short chain gaseous alkanes (SCGAs), is less expensive and more widely available, representing a more attractive electron source for removing oxidized contaminants. However, it remains unknown if these SCGAs can be utilized as electron donors for nitrate reduction. Here, two lab-scale membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) separately supplied with propane and butane were operated under oxygen-limiting conditions to test its feasibility of microbial nitrate reduction. Long-term performance suggested nitrate could be continuously removed at a rate of ∼40-50 mg N/L/d using propane/butane as electron donors. In the absence of propane/butane, nitrate removal rates significantly decreased both in the long-term operation (∼2-10 and ∼4-9 mg N/L/d for propane- and butane-based MBfRs, respectively) and batch tests, indicating nitrate bio-reduction was driven by propane/butane. The consumption rates of nitrate and propane/butane dramatically decreased under anaerobic conditions, but recovered after resupplying limited oxygen, suggesting oxygen was an essential triggering factor for propane/butane-based nitrate reduction. High-throughput sequencing targeting 16S rRNA, bmoX and narG genes indicated Mycobacterium/Rhodococcus/Thauera were the potential microorganisms oxidizing propane/butane, while various denitrifiers (e.g. Dechloromonas, Denitratisoma, Zoogloea, Acidovorax, Variovorax, Pseudogulbenkiania and Rhodanobacter) might perform nitrate reduction in the biofilms. Our findings provide evidence to link SCGA oxidation with nitrate reduction under oxygen-limiting conditions and may ultimately facilitate the design of cost-effective techniques for ex-situ groundwater remediation using natural gas.
A transport layer architectural framework for optical burst switched (OBS) networks (2003)

This study was undertaken to assess the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the control of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate production in colonic tumor cells. Seven human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines in culture were investigated (HT-29, HRT-18, SW-480, Caco-2, CO-115, CO-125, and HCT-8R). These cell-lines had a cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate production system which was very sensitive to VIP but less so to prostaglandin E1 and/or isoproterenol. Nonintestinal human malignant epithelial cells, such as HeLa (cervix) and Caki-1 and Caki-2 (kidney), by contrast, did not respond to VIP. The dose-response relationships of malignant colorectal cells were compared to those obtained with epithelial cells of normal human colon and showed that: (a) maximal responses were observed with 0.1 micro M VIP in both malignant and normal cells; (b) half-maximal responses were elicited by VIP concentrations in the 0.3 to 2 nM range in malignant cells (1.2 nM in normal cells), thus indicating the high apparent affinity of the cells to VIP; and (c) the magnitudes of the responses (stimulated:basal ratios) were highly variable in malignant cells, ranging from 225 in HT-29 cells to 3.5 in Caco-2 cells, but were more constant, in the order of 25, in normal cells. Secretin, a VIP agonist in intestinal tissue, stimulated cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate accumulation in all colorectal cells, but with a 1000- to 5000-fold lower potency than did VIP. These results show that the VIP-sensitive adenylate cyclase system operates in malignant as well as in normal colon epithelial cells.
Oligonucleotides stimulate genomic alterations of Legionella pneumophila (2011)

Genetic variation generates diversity in all kingdoms of life. The corresponding mechanisms can also be harnessed for laboratory studies of fundamental cellular processes. Here we report that oligonucleotides (oligos) generate mutations on the Legionella pneumophila chromosome by a mechanism that requires homologous DNA, but not RecA, RadA or any known phage recombinase. Instead we propose that DNA replication contributes, as oligo-induced mutagenesis required ≥ 21 nucleotides of homology, was strand-dependent, and was most efficient in exponential phase. Mutagenesis did not require canonical 5' phosphate or 3' hydroxyl groups, but the primosomal protein PriA and DNA Pol I contributed. After electroporation, oligos stimulated excision of 2.1 kb of chromosomal DNA or insertion of 18 bp, and non-homologous flanking sequences were also processed. We exploited this endogenous activity to generate chromosomal deletions and to insert an epitope into a chromosomal coding sequence. Compared with Escherichia coli, L. pneumophila encodes fewer canonical single-stranded exonucleases, and the frequency of mutagenesis increased substantially when either its RecJ and ExoVII nucleases were inactivated or the oligos modified by nuclease-resistant bases. In addition to genetic engineering, oligo-induced mutagenesis may have evolutionary implications as a mechanism to incorporate divergent DNA sequences with only short regions of homology.
Dual-modality scanner for small animal imaging (2006)

We describe the design and performance of a dual-modality system for small animal imaging combining a high resolution SPECT component with an X-ray CT component. All components are mounted on a barrel type gantry which is able to rotate in 0.001 degrees increments about the animal. The SPECT subsystem consists of a four custom-built gamma cameras. The cameras can be equipped with either parallel hole or pinhole collimators depending on the study in question. The cameras can be operated in pairs to implement a unique half cone geometry setup in order to decrease the overall acquisition time as well as maximize spatial resolution. The average intrinsic spatial and energy resolutions of the gamma detectors is 1.9 mm and 17% respectively. The X-ray CT subsystem combines various interchangeable microfocus X-ray sources with either a high resolution CCD based detector or a flat panel Hamamatsu C7942 CMOS array. The CCD detector employs a 7k by 4k Phillips CCD chip with dimensions of 5 cm times 9 cm, large enough to require no minification between the Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S phosphor and the chip. The CT component has been installed and successfully used in a variety of small animal studies.
Random quasi-phase matching in congruent lithium tantalate waveguides by proton exchange (2012)

A report is presented on broadband second-harmonic generation in the range between 930 and 970 nm using random quasi-phase matching in a planar waveguide fabricated by soft proton exchange in congruent lithium tantalate. Bulk and waveguide measurements are compared, outlining the averaging role of guided-wave modes and their interactions with respect to spectral acceptance and near-field profile.
Current Standards of Care in Small-Cell and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2001)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, accounting for over 30% of cancer deaths in men and 25% in women. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are uniformly aggressive tumors, with rates of regional or distant metastases at diagnosis as high as 70%. Because the majority of these tumors are unresectable, patients with relatively good performance status receive platinum-based chemotherapy. Although no treatment consensus exists, currently recommended regimens for SCLC include PE (cisplatin and etoposide), CAV (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine), CAE (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide), and CAVE (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide). Of these, the PE regimen has been widely accepted in the United States, although CE (carboplatin and etoposide) provides better tolerability. For NSCLC, standard chemotherapy regimens have included platinum-based therapy (cisplatin and a vinca alkaloid or PE). Data from recent studies suggest that the addition of paclitaxel to platinum modestly improves tumor response and survival in NSCLC. Although SCLC and NSCLC are both responsive to first-line chemotherapy, most patients relapse and die from their disease, with 5-year survival rates of approximately 15%. Given the disappointing survival rates associated with SCLC and NSCLC, the introduction of new cytotoxic agents has been eagerly anticipated. Evidence of improved response and extended survival is mounting for various combinations of established regimens (e.g., PE) with newer drugs exhibiting novel mechanisms of action and single-agent antitumor activity, such as gemcitabine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, and topotecan. This article reviews the current standards of care in SCLC and NSCLC, and introduces the potential role of newer agents given in combination with standard chemotherapy.
Design of a Reduced SpaceFibre Interface: An Enabling Technology for Low-Cost Spacecraft High-Speed Data-Handling (2019)

SpaceFibre is an upcoming on-board high-speed communication protocol for space applications. It has been developed in collaboration with the European Space Agency to answer the growing data-rate requirement of satellite payloads such as Synthetic Aperture Radars or hyper-spectral imagers. SpaceFibre offers a complete set of features (i.e., Fault Detection, Isolation and Recovery, and Quality of Service) that guarantees robust communication at the price of higher complexity. This article proposes an innovative modified implementation of the SpaceFibre standard: R-SpaceFibre. It has been designed to reduce hardware resources while keeping high data-rate capability and flow control. Attention is given to the trade-off between Data link layer complexity reduction and protocol features. The proposed protocol is particularly suitable in scenarios where very low bit error rate is foreseen and data integrity is not critical, for example in imaging instruments. The main advantage is a reduction of more than 40% of logical resources required per single interface. R-SpaceFibre may be a suitable solution for several applications, such as low earth orbit CubeSats, which have strict requirements in terms of available logic resources, mass, volume and cost, and more relaxed constraints in terms of upset immunity.
Mechanism of metabolic activation of ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole (1984)

Conference Article| February 01 1984 Mechanism of metabolic activation of ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole ANTHONY Y. H. LU; ANTHONY Y. H. LU * 1Department of Animal Drug Metabolism, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PETER G. WISLOCKI; PETER G. WISLOCKI 1Department of Animal Drug Metabolism, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar EDWARD S. BAGAN; EDWARD S. BAGAN 1Department of Animal Drug Metabolism, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar REGINA W. WANG; REGINA W. WANG 1Department of Animal Drug Metabolism, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN S. WALSH; JOHN S. WALSH 1Department of Animal Drug Metabolism, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GERALD T. MIWA GERALD T. MIWA 1Department of Animal Drug Metabolism, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1984) 12 (1): 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120007 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ANTHONY Y. H. LU, PETER G. WISLOCKI, EDWARD S. BAGAN, REGINA W. WANG, JOHN S. WALSH, GERALD T. MIWA; Mechanism of metabolic activation of ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1984; 12 (1): 7–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120007 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Influence of Temperature on Static Fatigue Strength of Silicon Carbide. (1991)

The temperature dependence of the static fatigue behaviours of SiC was examined. The experimental result of the fatigue strength which can be represented using Larson-Miller plots indicates that the thermally activated processes such as oxidation and viscous flow of grain boundaries are dominant in the elevated temperature static fatigue. However, the temperature dependence of the static fatigue strength becomes unclear with the decrease of the temperature because the influence of the scatter of the defect sizes becomes realatively stronger. The static fatigue crack growth shows complicated behaviour involving thc crack velocity reduction and crack arrest. So that the static fatigue limit below which thc crack does not show the extension possibly exists. The new fatigue design rules for structural ceramics based on the defect size and temperature dependence of static fatigue strength is proposed.
Reliable Planar Object Pose Estimation in Light Fields From Best Subaperture Camera Pairs (2018)

A light-field camera can obtain richer information about a scene than a usual camera. This property offers a lot of potential for robot vision. In this letter, we present a method for pose estimation of a planar object with a light-field camera. The light-field camera can be regarded as a set of subaperture cameras. Although any combination of them can theoretically be used for the pose estimation, the accuracy depends on the combination. We show that the estimated pose error can be reduced by selecting the best pair of subaperture cameras. We have evaluated the accuracy of our approach with real experiments using a light-field camera in front of planar targets held by an industrial manipulator for ground truth comparison.
Atg1 allows second-signaled autophagic cell death in Dictyostelium (2011)

We investigated the role of Atg1 in autophagic cell death (ACD) in a Dictyostelium monolayer model. The model is especially propitious, not only because of genetic tractability and absence of apoptosis machinery, but also because induction of ACD requires two successive exogenous signals, first the combination of starvation and cAMP, second the differentiation factor DIF-1. This enables one to analyze separately first-signal-induced autophagy and subsequent second-signal-induced ACD. We used mutants of atg1, a gene that plays an essential role in the initiation of autophagy. Upon starvation/cAMP, in contrast to parental cells, atg1 mutant cells showed irreversible lesions, clearly establishing a protective role for Atg1. Upon subsequent exposure to DIF-1 or to more ACD-specific second signals, starved parental cells progressed to ACD, but starved atg1 mutant cells did not, showing that Atg1 was required for ACD. Thus, in the same cells Atg1 was required in two apparently opposite ways, upon first-signaling for cell survival and upon second-signaling for ACD. Our findings strongly suggest that Atg1, thus presumably autophagy, protects the cells from starvation-induced cell death, allowing subsequent induction of ACD by the second signal. ACD is therefore not only "with" autophagy (since it showed signs of autophagy throughout), but is also "allowed by" autophagy. This does not exclude a role for autophagy also after second signaling. These results may account for discrepancies reported in the literature, encourage searches for second signals in different developmental models of ACD, and incite caution in autophagy-related therapeutic attempts.
Deep gluteal grounding pad burn after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. (2015)

Although skin burns at the site of grounding pad are a known risk of surgery, their exact incidence is unknown. We first report the case of a patient who presented a deep gluteal burn at the site of the grounding pad after an abdominal aortic aneurism repair, the etiology and the challenging treatment required to overcome this complication.
An improved gel‐based DNA microarray method for detecting single nucleotide mismatch (2006)

3-D polyacrylamide gel-based DNA microarray platforms provide a high capacity for nucleic acids immobilization and a solution-mimicking environment for hybridization. However, several technological bottlenecks still remain in these platforms, such as difficult microarray preparation and high fluorescent background, which limit their application. In this study, two new approaches have been developed to improve the convenience in microarray preparation and to reduce the background after hybridization. To control the polymerization process, solutions containing acrylamide-modified oligonucleotide, acrylamide, glycerol and ammonium persulfate are spotted onto a functionalized glass slide, and then the slide is transferred to a vacuum chamber with TEMED, so that TEMED is vaporized and diffused into the spots to induce polymerization. By applying an electric field across a hybridized microarray to remove the nonspecifically bound labeled targets, this approach can solve the problem of high fluorescent background of the gel-based microarray after hybridization. Experimental results show that our immobilization method can be used to construct high quality microarrays and exhibits good reproducibility. Moreover, the polymerization is not affected by PCR medium, so that PCR products can be used for microarray construction without being treated by commercial purification cartridges. Electrophoresis can improve the signal-to-noise significantly and has the ability to differentiate single nucleotide variation between two homozygotes and a heterozygote. Our results demonstrated that this is a reliable novel method for high-throughput mutation analysis and disease diagnosis.