gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffuse and nonlinear imaging for in vivo multiscale preclinical monitoring of mammary tumors (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Relevant chemotherapy-induced changes to intra-tumor heterogeneity occur at multiple length scales, but few imaging methods are capable of simultaneous multiscale monitoring. We have developed a multiscale imaging technique called Diffuse and Nonlinear Imaging (DNI) that uses Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) for wide-field mapping of tumor optical properties and hemodynamics, and Multiphoton Microscopy (MPM) to image tumor micro-vessel and collagen architecture, and endogenous metabolic molecules with cellular resolution. Importantly, DNI co-registers MPM throughout the SFDI field-of-view. The SFDI system uses LEDs to illuminate a digital micro-mirror device with near-infrared wavelengths (650-850 nm) to project structured intensity patterns onto a sample, with diffuse reflectance collected by a CCD camera. The extended wavelength (680-1300 nm) MPM system consists of a femtosecond tunable laser for two-photon excitation (TPE) of fluorescently labeled microvasculature, Second Harmonic Generation imaging of collagen, and TPE auto-fluorescence of intracellular NADH and FAD. We have conducted in vivo DNI monitoring of a syngeneic murine mammary tumor model (Py230) through a mammary imaging window in 10 untreated C57BL/6 female mice. Our initial results revealed that global hemoglobin concentrations and micro-vessel density were highly correlated (ρ = 0.83). This presentation will report on multiscale relationships among tumor hemodynamic, microenvironment, and metabolic metrics, as well as on Monte Carlo modeling and phantom studies comparing depth penetration between the two imaging regimes. In the future, DNI will be used to evaluate chemo-resistance over a range of spatial scales and contrast mechanisms to obtain a more complete picture of the in vivo tumor state.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of ALDH1A3 as a Viable Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer Metastasis–Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Synthesis steps of MF-7 and GA11&lt;/p&gt;
Associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, dementia and depression in European elderly: the SENECA study (2012)

An inverse association of 25(OH)D with depression and FPG was observed, but this association was not statistically significant. There was no association between 25(OH)D with FPI and HOMA-IR or with global cognitive functioning. More studies are needed to further explore the possible role of vitamin D in the various body systems.
Biological characteristics of chicken anemia virus regenerated from clinical specimen by pcr (características biológicas del virus de anemia infecciosa aviar regenerado por medio de la reacción en cadena por la polimerasa (pcr), a partir de muestras clínicas) (2007)

Our previous genetic characterization of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in commercial broiler chickens in Alabama revealed a previously undetected polymorphism: a glutamine codon at VP1 position 22, in 7 of the 14 sequences. The novel glutamine codon was always found in association with a VP1 hypervariable region identical to CAV field isolates that replicate poorly in culture. The complete genome of CAV73, representative of the sequences with the novel polymorphism, was generated from cloned polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments amplified directly from naturally infected tissues. CAV73 had been detected in 31-day-old broilers submitted for examination for reasons unrelated to anemia. After electroporation of the cloned genomes into MDCC-CU147 lymphoblastoid cells, the regenerated CAV caused the culture to fail within 9 days, and the medium contained 5 x 106 TCID50 CAV/ml. Use of MDCC-CU147 cells was essential, as identical electroporation of MDCC-MSB1 cells failed to generate CAV able to destroy the culture within 8 wk. Regenerated CAV73 produced anemia and severe lymphocytic depletion of the thymus when inoculated into susceptible 3-day-old chickens and was reisolated from these chickens. Furthermore, it replicated in lowand high-passage MDCC-MSB1 cells similarly to a low-passage CAV field isolate that contains a different VP 1 hypervariable region. The regeneration of CAV from PCR products directly from naturally infected carcasses, as performed in this study, provides a tool for the evaluation of distinct genetic polymorphisms that may be detected in specimens where infective virions are no longer available. Our results also provide some insight into the differential susceptibility of cell lines for low-passage CAV field isolates.
Systolic Arrays for (VLSI). (1978)

A systolic system is a network of processors which rhythmically compute and pass data through the system. Physiologists use the work 'systole' to refer to the rhythmically recurrent contraction of the heart and arteries which pulses blood through the body. In a systolic computing system, the function of a processor is analogous to that of the heart. Every processor regularly pumps data in and out, each time performing some short computation, so that a regular flow of data is kept up in the network. Many basic matrix computations can be pipelined elegantly and efficiently on systolic networks having an array structure. As an example, hexagonally connected processors can optimally perform matrix multiplication. Surprisingly, a similar systolic array can compute the LU-decomposition of a matrix. These systolic arrays enjoy simple and regular communication paths, and almost all processors used in the networks are identical. As a result, special purpose hardware devices based on systolic arrays can be built inexpensively using the VLSI technology. (Author)
WEED DETECTION USING COLOR MACHINE VISION (2000)

Many weed species have reddish stems, but stems of wheat and soybean are green. These color features wereused in this study to establish a simple weed-detection method using a color machine-vision system. This method is morepractical than texture- or shape-based methods because of its low sensitivity to canopy overlap, leaf orientation, camerafocusing, and wind effect. Four types of relative color indices formed by RGB gray levels were designed. The mosteffective combinations of these color indices were selected using a statistical method. These combinations were used asthe input variables for a statistical classifier based on discriminant analysis (DA) and two artificial neural-network (NN)classifiers. These classifiers were trained and tested using three weed species (Johnsongrass, redroot pigweed, and yellowfoxtail) with soybean and three weed species (wild buckwheat, cheat, and field bindweed) with wheat. Preprocessing andpostprocessing algorithms were developed to shorten the processing time and to reduce noise. The results showed that thestatistical DA classifier was more accurate than the NN classifiers in classification accuracy. The least-square means ofthe classification rates using the DA classifiers for soybean and wheat were 54.9% and 62.2%, respectively. Themisclassification rates for most weed species were below 3%. Because the reddish colors on the stems of some weedspecies vary as the plants grow, an in-field calibration procedure will be needed to make the classifiers more adaptive todifferent circumstances.
Large scale polyphonic music transcription using randomized matrix decompositions (2012)

Polyphonic music transcription is a fundamental problem in computer music and over the last decade many sophisticated and application-specific methods have been proposed for its solution. However, most techniques cannot make fully use of all the available training data efficiently and do not scale well beyond a certain size. In this study, we develop an approach based on matrix factorization that can easily handle very large training corpora encountered in real applications. We evaluate and compare four different techniques that are based on randomized approaches to SVD and CUR decompositions. We demonstrate that by only retaining the relevant parts of the training data via matrix skeletonization based on CUR decomposition, we maintain comparable transcription performance with only 2% of the training data. The method seems to compete with the state-of-the-art techniques in the literature. Furthermore, it is very efficient in terms of time and space complexities, can work even in real time without compromising the success rate.
Neuropsychological Follow-up in Early-Treated Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Problem-Oriented Approach (2000)

Screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) dramatically improved the neuropsychological prognosis in affected children. However, mild impairments in cognitive performances, poorer motor skills, defective language abilities, and learning problems have been reported in some studies of early-treated CH children. The occurrence of these defects makes neuropsychological follow-up mandatory. The aim of the present study was to identify those neuropsychological functions that are more frequently affected in early-treated CH children and that might require prompt rehabilitation treatment to prevent permanent defects. The study group involved 24 CH children. Levothyroxine (LT4) treatment (initial dose 8-10 microg/kg per day) was started at mean age of 28 days (range 15-45) and was then adjusted with the goal to keep thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroid hormone levels in the normal range. Cognitive evaluation was performed at 3, 5, and 7 years of age and did not significantly differ from that of controls. Mean neurological scores were lower in children 5 years of age than in controls. Children with severe neonatal hypothyroidism (serum thyroxine [T4] < 2 microg/dL) had significantly lower neurological scores compared to less affected CH children and normal controls. The most affected functions were balance, extremity coordination, fine motricity, quality of movements, associated movements, and head movements. Language disorders were observed in half of CH children at 3 and 5 years of age, but moderately severe defects were restricted to those with severe neonatal hypothyroidism. In conclusion, a problem-oriented, simplified neuropsychological follow-up of early-treated children with CH should not systematically include the frequent repetition of time-consuming and expensive psychometric tests because individual IQ scores are in the normal range of tests in almost all CH children and can be differentiated from those of normal controls only on a population-statistic basis. Selected tests of motor proficiency are indicated at 3 and 5 years of age to detect those defects in motor skills that appear to be more specifically affected in CH children. Language performances are at particular risk in CH children, and should be always checked at 3 and 5 years of age. Children with even mild language disorders or delayed language achievements should be regularly reevaluated at 6-month intervals and, if no spontaneous improvement is observed, they should receive specific rehabilitation treatment. No further motor and language evaluation is warranted in CH children with normal tests at age 5 years.
Control of Surface Charges by Radicals as a Principle of Antistatic Polymers Protecting Electronic Circuitry (2013)

Even minute quantities of electric charge accumulating on polymer surfaces can cause shocks, explosions, and multibillion-dollar losses to electronic circuitry. This paper demonstrates that to remove static electricity, it is not at all necessary to "target" the charges themselves. Instead, the way to discharge a polymer is to remove radicals from its surface. These radicals colocalize with and stabilize the charges; when they are scavenged, the surfaces discharge rapidly. This radical-charge interplay allows for controlling static electricity by doping common polymers with small amounts of radical-scavenging molecules, including the familiar vitamin E. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by rendering common polymers dust-mitigating and also by using them as coatings that prevent the failure of electronic circuitry.
Role of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase in the progression of follicular lymphoma (2011)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID/AICDA) is required for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination of the immunoglobulin gene, and for c-myc translocation of germinal center-derived B-cell lymphoma. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the significance of AID associated with c-myc in the progression of follicular lymphoma (FL) using RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Tissues from the patients with grade 3 FL expressed relatively higher levels of c-myc and AID. The samples taken from a patient with FL who died within 2 years after the start of treatment showed either no or low expression of AID, despite expressing high levels of c-myc. In order to examine the role of AID expression in rapidly progressive FL, the full-length AID transcript was transfected into AID-negative cell lines established from different patients with rapidly progressive FL. This led to the establishment of AID-expressing transfectants with a low proliferation rate and a significantly increased incidence of G(0)/G(1) arrest compared with controls. Our results indicate that AID may act as a negative regulator of cell survival in FL when sufficient c-myc is expressed. Switch-off or low expression of AID after c-myc amplification may correlate with the clinical outcomes of FL.
Wobble-welding of copper and aluminum alloys with inline coherent imaging (2018)

Laser welding of non-ferrous alloys for industrial applications is expanding rapidly. This trend is driven in part by the expected surge in electric vehicle market growth (requiring increased production capacity for batteries and electrical drive components), as well as continued efforts to reduce weight in construction of conventional automobiles. Increasing laser uptake for aerospace welding is also a factor. Two families of alloy that are critical to these industry sectors (aluminum and copper) present considerable challenges when approached using conventional laser welding techniques. The low absorption of near-IR industrial laser wavelengths by these alloys resists initial formation of a keyhole—a necessity for efficient coupling of energy into the workpiece. Once a keyhole is established, the low viscosity of the melt when compared with ferrous alloys results in reduced process stability and higher probability of defects. The best solution for consistent keyhole formation and defect prevention is a combination of high-brightness fiber laser sources (single-mode/low-mode) with beam wobbling. This combination has been shown to improve weldability, produce more stable and repeatable results, while broadening the process window to more-industry friendly regimes. For ease of process optimization with the wobbling technique, and for more reliable quality assurance in production, industry is turning to the direct, geometrical keyhole measurements offered by Inline Coherent Imaging (ICI). In this paper, we present an ICI investigation of beam wobbling in copper and aluminum using the latest scanner-enabled beam delivery equipment. Keyhole depth mapping within the wobble pattern demonstrates periodic, position-dependent fluctuations in the keyhole, that are not always observable in the finished weld. Keyhole and melt pool dynamics are examined for both ‘revolving’ and ‘common keyhole’ wobble welding conditions. The effects of circular wobble patterns on keyhole depth and stability are explored. These measurements provide a unique window into the dynamics of welding processes that utilize dynamic beam deflection.
A Quadrupole Ion Trap with Cylindrical Geometry Operated in the Mass-Selective Instability Mode (1998)

A cylindrical geometry ion trap is used to record mass spectra in the mass-selective instability mode. The geometry of the cylindrical ion trap has been optimized to maximize the quadrupole field component relative to the higher-order field content through field calculations using the Poisson/Superfish code and through experimental variation of the electrode structure. The results correspond well with predictions of the calculations. The trap has been used to record mass spectra with better than unit mass resolution, high sensitivity, and a mass/charge range of ∼600 Th. Multistage (MS(3)) experiments have been performed, and the Mathieu stability region has been experimentally mapped. The performance of this device compares satisfactorily with that of the hyperbolic ion trap.
DNS of low Reynolds number turbulent flows in dimpled channels (2006)

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed to study turbulent flows over dimpled surfaces in a channel. Results on mean field and second-order quantities are obtained. ‘Horseshoe’ vortices can be observed in the dimples of sparse arrays. As inter-dimple separation is reduced, the ‘feet’ of the horseshoe vortices are gradually lifted off the dimple surface, and the resulting flow structures in the cavities become flattened and stretched to become something akin to two-dimensional separation bubbles. At the higher dimple density, the stream traces near the surface also develop a distinct formation similar to what had been observed in earlier Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations (Isaev, S.A., Leont'ev, A.I. and Baranov, P.A., 2000, Technical Physics Letters, 26, 15; Lin, Y.L., Shih, T.I.-P. and Chyu, M.K., 1999, ASME paper, 99-GT-263; Lin, Y.L. Shih, T.I.-P., 2001, International Journal of Transfer Phenomena, 3, 1). Regions of high turbulence intensity are found above the downstream half of the dimples and along their side edges. These regions coincide with the locations of vortex shedding found in the experiments of Ligrani et al. (2001, Physics of Fluids, 13, 3442) and the locations of vorticity concentrations observed in Park et al. (2004, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A (Applications), 45(1), 1) and Won and Ligrani (2004, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A (Applications), 46(6), 549). For a fixed mean pressure gradient, it is observed that the flow rates through the channels are reduced by the presence of dimples. This indicates that the dimpled channels we have studied so far have larger drag than flat-wall channels. Computed friction coefficients for dimpled channels also confirmed the conclusion.
Three-Dimensional Printed Targeting Device for Scaphoid Fracture Fixation (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Percutaneous guide wire insertion for scaphoid screw fixation can be challenging and often requires multiple attempts with significant radiation exposure to the surgical team. A 3-dimensional (3D) printed targeting device has the potential to reduce procedure time and intraoperative radiation exposure. <b>Methods:</b> Our targeting device protocol included a preprocedure computed tomography (CT) scan of a casted cadaver wrist, followed by 3D printing of a customized targeting guide. In a comparison trial, seven orthopedic surgery residents performed percutaneous scaphoid guide wire insertion on different cadaver specimens by both freehand technique and using our targeting device. Radiation exposure and procedure times were compared. All specimens underwent postprocedure CT to assess Kirschner wire (K-wire) accuracy, determined by central third placement. Pre- and postprocedure CT scans from the targeting device group were co-registered to compare planned and actual K-wire trajectories. <b>Results:</b> Using the freehand technique, mean fluoroscopy time was 120 seconds (standard deviation: ±53 seconds) generating 2.45 milligray of radiation. Average procedure time was 21 minutes with a mean of 6.4 (range: 3-9) insertion attempts. A single insertion attempt was made using the targeting device with an average procedure time of 30 seconds and no fluoroscopy exposure. Four K-wires were placed within the central scaphoid in both groups. Using the targeting device, average linear deviation from the planned trajectory was 2.1 mm, while the maximum linear deviation was 3.75 mm. <b>Conclusion</b>: When compared to freehand scaphoid guide wire insertion, our targeting device provides similar accuracy while significantly reducing intraoperative radiation exposure and procedure time.
Ethyl Oleate and Ethyl Elaidate Ozonides: Thermal Decomposition and Photolysis (2015)

Highly pure ethyl oleate and ethyl elaidate were ozonized to their secondary ozonides (respectively EO-SOZ and EE-SOZ). The decomposition enthalpies of EO-SOZ and EE-SOZ were determined by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and found, respectively, at --266 kJ/mol and --264 kJ/mol, a value much closer to the theoretically calculated upper limit of --278 kJ/mol than the decomposition enthalpy of --243 kJ/mol measured on EO-SOZ prepared from an ethyl oleate sample conforming to the European Pharmacopoeia. Although a considerable amount of heat was liberated, EO-SOZ and EE-SOZ cannot be defined as explosive based on their DSC traces at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Pure EO-SOZ and EE-SOZ show a decomposition peak at the DSCs of 137 °C and 139 °C, respectively. The thermal decomposition of EO-SOZ and EE-SOZ was studied also by FT-IR spectroscopy showing that the decomposition involves the loss of the ozonide infrared band at 1110 cm−1 and the formation of the expected decomposition products (pelargonic acid, pelargonaldehyde, ethyl azelate, etc.). The kinetics of the photochemical decomposition of EO-SOZ and EE-SOZ were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, and the relative rate constants were determined. EO-SOZ when overozonized forms a spin adduct with nitrosobenzene and the relative nitroxyl radical was clearly detected by the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). Secondary ozonation products known as trioxides may be responsible for these adducts.
Federated accounting: service charging and billing in a business-to-business environment (2002)

The liberalisation of the telecommunications industry has resulted in a proliferation of new services and services providers. This is particularly the case in the rapidly expanding IP-based services market. Providers include ISPs, virtual private network (VPN) and application service providers, and backbone operators. The final service set delivered to the customer will result from the combination of these service offerings. From a service usage accounting perspective, this new environment creates a number of important challenges, which did not apply in the traditional monopolistic telecommunications environment. The first issue is that of multiple administrative domains from the customer and service provider side and the second issue concerns applying customer service level agreements (SLA) and quality of service (QoS). This paper addresses the issue of settlement of usage charges across several service providers when they collectively provide services to customers. The main issue is to develop standardised mechanisms that allow various business and operation support systems operating in various domains to exchange accounting information. The work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a business-to-business (B2B) service provisioning and management architecture to provide guidance to international organisations on the development of a federated accounting management solution. This architecture aims to be both open and adaptable and is based on standardisation work going on in TMForum (TeleManagement Forum), IPDR (IP detail record), IETF and ETSI (European Telecommunication Standardisation Institute).
Single Molecule Assay ofEscherichia coliβ-Galactosidase Using Two Competing Substrates Simultaneously, DDAO-β-D-Galactoside and Resorufin-β-D-Galactoside (2011)

Single enzyme molecule assays were performed on E. coli β-galactosidase using a capillary electrophoresis-based protocol. Assays were performed using double incubations and two substrates, resorufin-β-D-galactoside and DDAO-β-D-galactoside, simultaneously. The variation between individual enzyme molecules in the ratio of product peak areas for the two different substrates used was indistinguishable from the variation in peak areas of the replicate incubations for a given enzyme molecule. This suggests that the enzyme is not heterogeneous with respect to its relative activity with the two different substrates used.