gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2 capture from the flue gas of conventional fossil‐fuel‐fired power plants (1994)

Abstract Research has been conducted at Argonne National Laboratory to identify and evaluate the advantages and deficiencies of several technologies, both commercially available and alternative technologies, for capturing CO 2 from the flue gas of utility boilers that use air as an oxidant (the current universal practice). The technologies include chemical solvent, cryogenic, membrane, physical absorption, and physical adsorption methods. In general, technologies for capturing CO 2 are expensive and energy‐intensive. Therefore, they result in a substantial overall increase in the cost of power generation. Research to improve the performance and economics of these technologies is discussed.
Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers by HREELS: sampling depth and scattering mechanisms (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational spectroscopic analysis of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers by HREELS: sampling depth and scattering mechanismsJoseph H. Wandass and Joseph A. Gardella Jr.Cite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 2, 183–188Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00074a007https://doi.org/10.1021/la00074a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of EIA for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital specimens. (2000)

A double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for chlamydial antigen detection was developed using a monoclonal antibody against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Chlamydia trachomatis as a coating antibody. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum against partially purified antigen from elementary body (EB) antibody and horse-radish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody were used as the primary and secondary antibody respectively. The developed EIA could detect protein of partially purified EB at the lowest concentration of 250 ng/ml. The assay was evaluated against the cell culture (CC), DNA hybridization assay (PACE2 system: Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA, USA) and a commercial enzyme immunoassay (kEIA) (Bioquest, NSW, Australia). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the developed EIA (dEIA) were 87, 96.2, 80, 97.7 for the specimens from females and 90.9, 90.7, 71.4, 97.5 for the specimens from males repectively. Cross reaction was not found with Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter anitratus, beta-Streptococcus group A, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus spp, Neisseria spp, but it was found with Candida albicans and herpes simplex virus type 1. The developed EIA can be applied successfully for both genders, particularly males. The cost per test is less than those for CC, kEIA and PACE2.
Size-Dependent Oxygen Activation Efficiency over Pdn/TiO2(110) for the CO Oxidation Reaction (2010)

The dissociative binding efficiency of oxygen over Pd(n)/TiO(2)(110) (n = 4, 7, 10, 20) has been measured using temperature programmed reaction (TPR) mass spectrometry and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) following exposure to O(2) with varying doses and dose temperatures. Experiments were carried out following two different O(2) exposures at 400 K (10 L and 50 L) and for 10 L of O(2) exposure at varying temperatures (T(surf) = 200, 300, and 400 K). During TPR taken after sequential O(2) and CO (5 L at 180 K) exposures, unreacted CO is found to desorb in three features at T(desorb) ≈ 150, 200, and 430 K, while CO(2) is observed to desorb between 170 and 450 K. We show that Pd(20) has exceptionally high efficiency for oxygen activation, compared to other cluster sizes. As a consequence, its activity becomes limited by competitive CO binding at low O(2) exposures, while other Pd(n) sizes are still limited by inefficient O(2) activation. This difference in mechanism can ultimately be related back to differences in electronic properties, thus making this question one that is interesting from the theoretical perspective. We also demonstrate a correlation between one of the two CO binding sites and CO(2) production, suggesting that only CO in that site is reactive.
Magnetic properties and microstructures of CoNiCr and CoFeCr thin films (1991)

The large difference in coercivities between CoNiCr (800 Oe) and CoFeCr (200 Oe) thin films, which were deposited on Cr-coated NiP/Al substrates under the same conditions, is related to their differences in microstructures. The magnetic properties were measured with a vibrating sample magnetometer and the microstructures were studied by transmission electron microscopy. It is found that both the CoNiCr and the CoFeCr films are hcp in phase, and of similar grain sizes. However, the stacking fault density (fcc region) is higher in CoNiCr films than in CoFeCr films, which may account for the difference in their coercivities. The presence of stacking faults is related to composition effects on stacking fault energy and their generation to release residual stresses.
Allergenicity, immunogenicity and dose-relationship of three intact allergen vaccines and four allergoid vaccines for subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy (2008)

Different vaccines containing intact allergens or chemically modified allergoids as active ingredients are commercially available for specific immunotherapy. Allergoids are claimed to have decreased allergenicity without loss of immunogenicity and this is stated to allow administration of high allergoid doses. We compared the allergenicity and immunogenicity of four commercially available chemically modified grass pollen allergoid products with three commercially available intact grass pollen allergen vaccines. The allergenicity was investigated with immunoglobulin (Ig)E-inhibition and basophil activation assays. Human T cell proliferation and specific IgG-titres following mouse immunizations were used to address immunogenicity. Furthermore, intact allergen vaccines with different contents of active ingredients were selected to study the influence of the allergen dose. In general, a lower allergenicity for allergen vaccines was clearly linked to a reduced immunogenicity. Compared with the vaccine with the highest amount of intact allergen, the allergoids caused reduced basophil activation as well as diminished immunogenicity demonstrated by reduced T cell activation and/or reduced induction of murine grass-specific IgG antibodies. Interestingly, intact allergen vaccines with lower content of active ingredient exhibited similarly reduced allergenicity, while immunogenicity was still higher or equal to that of allergoids. The low allergenicity observed for some allergoids was inherently linked to a significantly lower immunogenic response questioning the rationale behind the chemical modification into allergoids. In addition, the linkage between allergenicity, immunogenicity and dose found for intact allergen vaccines and the immunogen as well as allergenic immune responses observed for allergoids suggest that the modified allergen vaccines do not contain high doses of immunologically active ingredients.
[Many paths converge in arthritis. Awareness of risk factors and illness mechanisms increase steadily]. (2002)

Osteoarthritis does not deserve the term "degenerative joint disease", the course of the disease is characterized by dynamic changes in both synthesis and degradation of cartilage and other joint tissues. At the end stage all tissues of the joint are involved, not only the cartilage. In the early phases of the disease, changes in cartilage metabolism can be detected through assay of biomarkers in joint fluid, blood or urine. These changes evolve into macroscopic changes of fibrillation and loss of cartilage. Concomitantly, changes occur in other joint tissues and bone. The more advanced stages of change, as loss of joint space and osteophytes, may be detected by radiological examination. Osteoarthritis is a complex disease where genetic variations in several loci appear to interact with environmental factors to initiate and drive disease progression towards several different phenotypes. These may be recognized in different joint patterns, predominant inflammation or lack of inflammation, predominant loss of joint space or osteophytosis, etc. Increased occupational joint load, joint injuries and obesity are well recognized risk factors for osteoarthritis.
Combinatorial Development of Water Splitting Catalysts Based on the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Photosystem II (2010)

The use of methods to create large arrays of potential catalysts for the reaction H2O ½ O2 + 2H+ on the anode of an electrolysis system were investigated. This reaction is half of the overall reaction involved in the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen gas. This method consisted of starting with an array of electrodes and developing patterned electrochemical approaches for creating a different, defined peptide at each position in the array. Methods were also developed for measuring the rate of reaction at each point in the array. In this way, the goal was to create and then tests many thousands of possible catalysts simultaneously. This type of approach should lead to an ability to optimize catalytic activity systematically, by iteratively designing and testing new libraries of catalysts. Optimization is important to decrease energy losses (over-potentials) associated with the water splitting reaction and thus for the generation of hydrogen. Most of the efforts in this grant period were focused on developing the chemistry and analytical methods required to create pattern peptide formation either using a photolithography approach or an electrochemical approach for dictating the positions of peptide bond formation. This involved testing a large number of different reactions and conditions. We have been able to find conditions that have allowed us to pattern peptide bond formation on both glass slides using photolithographic methods and on electrode arrays made by the company Combimatrix. Part of this effort involved generating novel approaches for performing mass spectroscopy directly from the patterned arrays. We have also been able to demonstrate the ability to measure current at each electrode due to electrolysis of water. This was performed with customized instrumentation created in collaboration with Combimatrix. In addition, several different molecular designs for peptides that bound metals (primarily Mn) were developed and synthesized and metal binding was demonstrated. Finally, we investigated a number of methods. We have shown that we can create surfaces on glass slides appropriate for patterning peptide formation and have made arrays of peptides as large as 30,000 using photolithographic methods. However, side reactions with certain amino acid additions greatly limited the utility of the photolithographic approach. In addition, we found that transferring this patterned chemistry approach to large arrays was problematic. Thus, we turned to direct electrochemical patterning using the Combimatrix electrode arrays. Here we were also able to demonstrate patterned peptide bond forming chemistry, but yield and consistency of the reaction remains insufficient to create the quality of array required for realistic optimization of catalytic peptide sequences. We are currently exploring both new polymerization chemistries for generating catalysts on surface as well as adopting methods developed at Intel for creating peptide arrays directly on electronic substrates (silicon wafers).
The Effect of Product Variety and Inventory Levels on Retail Store Sales: A Longitudinal Study (2010)

We examine the effects of product variety and inventory levels on store sales. Using 4 years of data from stores of a large retailer, we show that increases in product variety and inventory levels are both associated with higher sales. We also show that increasing product variety and inventory levels has an indirect negative effect on store sales through their impact on phantom products—products that are physically present at the store, but only in storage areas where customers cannot find or purchase them. Our study highlights a consequence of increased product variety and inventory levels that has previously been overlooked in studies of retail product variety and inventory management. It also quantifies the impact of phantom products on store sales. In addition, our study provides empirical evidence to support earlier claims that higher product variety and inventory levels lead to an increase in defect rate. We discuss the implications of our findings for retail inventory and assortment planning and for the design of retail stores.
Design and Simulation of a Programmable Memory/Multiplier Array Using G4-FET Technology (2007)

Abstract : Field-programmable and mask-programmable gate arrays can greatly reduce the non-recurring costs of ASIC development by reusing both masks and physical design effort across many designs. The downside of gate arrays is that they result in suboptimal implementations in terms of area, speed, and power. In addition, there is very little flexibility in converting logic to memory or vice versa, a problem of increasing importance as memory-intensive applications gain in importance. To address these issues, we have investigated the design of a novel gate array structare based on G4-FET devices, which combine SOI CMOS and JFET technologies, and that can be biased to function as either a not-majority logic gate, a router/multiplexer, or as a DRAM cell. To demonstrate the potential of G4-FETs for gate arrays, we have designed a memory/multiplexer array that consists of an array of configurable cells built from G4-FETs and a mask-configurable interconnect that may serve as either a multiply-accumulate circuit or as a memory array.
Hair‐inducing ability of human dermal papilla cells cultured under Wnt/β‐catenin signalling activation (2012)

It is well known that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play crucial roles in hair follicle induction. In this study, we examined whether Wnt/β-catenin activation results in maintenance of the hair-inducing ability of human DPCs. Expression of DPC marker genes was maintained under Wnt/β-catenin signalling stimulation by GSK-3β inhibition. Furthermore, human DPCs showed constant hair induction when transplanted with murine epidermal cell fraction. Alu-positive human DPCs were essentially detected adjacent to the reconstructing epidermal structure positive for P-cadherin immunoreactivity. The transplanted human DPCs were abundant in the surrounding dermal sheath portion of the fully regenerated hair follicles. These results support the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in hair follicle induction. This study may provide valuable information to establish a culture method of human DPCs for cell-based therapy.
Newton (2006)

Newton is a library-based CAD tool with an analytical synthesis engine which has been developed to support the direct synthesis of the physical design and an electromechanically equivalent model of RF-MEMS resonators based on process parameters and performance metrics. Newton provides accuracy comparable to finite element analysis while requiring a fraction of the computation and design time. A comparison of results from synthesis with Newton, design with FEA, and test results from fabricated devices is presented.
Laser switching contrast microscopy to monitor free and restricted diffusion inside the cell nucleus (2016)

Abstract A novel microscopic technique termed laser switching contrast microscopy (LSCM) allows for the imaging of the dynamics of optically switchable proteins in single cell compartments. We present an application for the monitoring of diffusive properties of single molecules of the photo-switchable fluorescent protein Dreiklang (DRK). LSCM in the cell nucleus of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cytoplasmically expressing DRK unravels quick diffusive equilibration of the DRK molecules inside the whole cytoplasm and inside the cell nucleus within seconds. The nuclear membrane is also highly permeable for DRK. Inside the nucleus entirely distinct regions are found that only partially enable diffusive protein redistribution with mean square displacement proportional to time while in other regions the mobility of the proteins seems to be restricted. After photo-switching string like patterns of light DRK molecules are observed in the cell nucleus. In addition a fraction of these DRK molecules appears immobile. The findings support recent theories of the cell interior described as a random obstacle model with an additional immobile fraction of DRK. Numerical simulations show that at different illumination intensity and different distance from the laser focus similar patterns for fluorescence recovery might be obtained in spite of strongly varying diffusion constants.
Myocardial Effective Transverse Relaxation Time T 2 * is Elevated in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A 7.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (2018)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic disease of the myocardium and bares the risk of progression to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Identifying patients at risk remains an unmet need. Recognizing the dependence of microscopic susceptibility on tissue microstructure and on cardiac macromorphology we hypothesized that myocardial T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> might be altered in HCM patients compared to healthy controls. To test this hypothesis, myocardial T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup>-mapping was conducted at 7.0 Tesla to enhance T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup>-contrast. 2D CINE T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup>-mapping was performed in healthy controls and HCM patients. To ensure that T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> is not dominated by macroscopic magnetic field inhomogeneities, volume selective B<sub>0</sub> shimming was applied. T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> changes in the interventricular septum across the cardiac cycle were analyzed together with left ventricular radius and ventricular septal wall thickness. The results show that myocardial T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> is elevated throughout the cardiac cycle in HCM patients compared to healthy controls. A mean septal T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> = 13.7 ± 1.1 ms (end-systole: T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,systole</sub> = 15.0 ± 2.1, end-diastole: T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,diastole</sub> = 13.4 ± 1.3 ms, T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,systole</sub>/T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,diastole</sub> ratio = 1.12) was observed in healthy controls. For HCM patients a mean septal T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> = 17.4 ± 1.4 ms (end-systole: T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,systole</sub> = 17.7 ± 1.2 ms, end-diastole: T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,diastole</sub> = 16.2 ± 2.5 ms, T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,systole</sub>/T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup><sub>,diastole</sub> ratio = 1.09) was found. Our preliminary results provide encouragement that assessment of T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> and its changes across the cardiac cycle may benefit myocardial tissue characterization in HCM.
Le marché et le politique (2007)

Résumé En se fondant sur l’étude du rôle du soutien public dans le développement du monde de la musique ancienne, l’article se propose d’avancer des éléments de repérage des dimensions marchandes et politiques de ce soutien public. Contre les représentations indigènes, il montre que le soutien public, instrumenté par des marchés (le marché des subventions et le marché des concerts), a été fondamental dans ce développement en raison de son caractère à la fois systématique et incontrôlé.
Interference-aware Precoding Schemes for Multicell MIMO/TDD Systems (2007)

In this paper, interference-aware precoding schemes for multicell MIMO/TDD systems are discussed. By exploiting channel reciprocity in TDD systems, we propose decentralized linear precoding schemes without feedback. We first define a new metric called signal to generating interference plus noise ratio (SGINR). Based on SGINR, we propose a single stream scheme that balances between maximizing the desired signal power and minimizing the interference power each transmitter generates to the adjacent cells. And we develop multi-stream schemes which adaptively determine both the number of streams and the power allocated to each stream in order to increase capacity. Simulation results show that proposed schemes offer significant performance gain over the conventional ones which are designed without considering inter-cell interference, and provide suboptimal performance in multicell MIMO systems.
Preparation of gelatin/Fe3O4 composite scaffolds for enhanced and repeatable cancer cell ablation (2016)

Various nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for photothermal ablation of cancer cells because of their high photothermal conversion efficiency. However, the poor targeting specificity and low repeated heating efficiency of nanomaterials restrict their applications in the clinic. In this work, porous gelatin/iron oxide (Gel/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) composite scaffolds were prepared by a facile ice particulate templating method for efficient and repeatable cancer cell ablation. Gel/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite scaffolds showed controlled porous structure consisting of large pores and interconnecting small pores. The strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region enabled the Gel/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite scaffolds to elevate local temperature quickly under NIR laser irradiation. The composite scaffolds allowed cell adhesion and proliferation showing good biocompatibility. Cancer cells entrapped in the scaffolds could be efficiently killed during laser irradiation. Moreover, the therapeutic efficacy of Gel/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite scaffolds could be enhanced by repeated laser irradiation treatment, which is important for clinical application because of the resistant and recurrent nature of cancer. The results indicated that the porous Gel/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite scaffolds had good biocompatibility and excellent cancer cell ablation efficacy, which may provide an attractive way to use porous scaffolds for cancer therapy application.
Rate and timing of cortical responses driven by separate sensory channels (2015)

The sense of touch comprises multiple sensory channels that each conveys characteristic signals during interactions with objects. These neural signals must then be integrated in such a way that behaviorally relevant information about the objects is preserved. To understand the process of integration, we implement a simple computational model that describes how the responses of neurons in somatosensory cortex-recorded from awake, behaving monkeys-are shaped by the peripheral input, reconstructed using simulations of neuronal populations that reproduce natural spiking responses in the nerve with millisecond precision. First, we find that the strength of cortical responses is driven by one population of nerve fibers (rapidly adapting) whereas the timing of cortical responses is shaped by the other (Pacinian). Second, we show that input from these sensory channels is integrated in an optimal fashion that exploits the disparate response behaviors of different fiber types.