gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear elastic material property estimation of lower extremity residual limb tissues (2003)

The interface stresses between the residual limb and prosthetic socket have been studied to investigate prosthetic fit. Finite-element models of the residual limb-prosthetic socket interface facilitate investigation of the mechanical interface and may serve as a potential tool for future prosthetic socket design. However, the success of such residual limb models to date has been limited, in large part due to inadequate material formulations used to approximate the mechanical behavior of residual limb soft tissues. Nonlinear finite-element analysis was used to simulate force-displacement data obtained during in vivo rate-controlled (1, 5, and 10 mm/s) cyclic indentation of the residual limb soft tissues of seven individuals with transtibial amputation. The finite-element models facilitated determination of an appropriate set of nonlinear elastic material coefficients for bulk soft tissue at discrete clinically relevant test locations. Axisymmetric finite-element models of the residual limb bulk soft tissue in the vicinity of the test location, the socket wall and the indentor tip were developed incorporating contact analysis, large displacement, and large strain, and the James-Green-Simpson nonlinear elastic material formulation. Model dimensions were based on medical imaging studies of the residual limbs. The material coefficients were selected such that the normalized sum of square error (NSSE) between the experimental and finite-element model indentor tip reaction force was minimized. A total of 95% of the experimental data were simulated using the James-Green-Simpson material formulation with an NSSE less than 5%. The respective James-Green-Simpson material coefficients varied with subject, test location, and indentation rate. Therefore, these coefficients cannot be readily extrapolated to other sites or individuals, or to the same site and individual some time after testing.
Transduction of Cellular Sequence by a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Derived Vector (2001)

During studies examining the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutation in a single cycle of replication, the 5' long terminal repeat of one progeny provirus was found to contain an insertion of 147 bp including an entire tRNA sequence as well as an additional 66 bp insertion of nonviral origin. Database searches revealed that 65 of 66 bp aligned with the human CpG island sequence found on chromosomes 6, 14, and 17. Therefore it seems probable that it is of human cellular sequence origin and was transduced by HIV-1. This is the first demonstration that HIV-1 can capture a cellular sequence. The site of integration of the parental provirus was mapped to chromosome 1p32.1. Sequence with homology to the transduced CpG island was not found on chromosome 1, suggesting that the transduced cellular sequence was not linked to the site of viral integration.
Synthesis of Aromatic Carbonates by Oxidative Carbonylation: Development of Efficient Palladium Complex Catalyst Systems aud Their Application to One-step Polycarbonate Synthesis. (2001)

New catalyst systems for the direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) from carbon monoxide (CO) and phenol were investigated. Palladium-tin complexes [Pd2(dPPm)2(SnCl3) Cl and Pd2(dppm)2(SnCl3)2, dppm : bis (diphenylphospino) methane] with manganese redox catalyst [Mn(TMHD)3, TMHD : 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedionate] were found to produce DPC effectively without any addition of ammonium halide. Furthermore, palladium catalyst systems such as, palladium dinuclear complexes, palladium-diimine complexes, and palladium-6, 6'-disubstituted-2, 2'-bipyridyl complexes promoted the oxidative carbonylation of phenol more effectively in the presence of ammonium halide. Especially, the efficiencies of Pd2(Ph2PPY)2(NO2)2(Ph2PPy : 2-pyridyldiphenylphosphine) and Pd(6, 6'-Me2bpy)Cl2(6, 6'-Me2bpy : 6, 6'-dimethyl-2, 2'-bipyridyl) were highest among these palladium complexes. These palladium catalyst systems were applied for the direct synthesis of polycarbonate (PC) from bisphenol A and CO. PC with the number-and weight-average molecular weights of 5600 and 12900 respectively, was successfully obtained using Pd (6, 6'-Me2bpy) Cl2 catalyst system. These molecular weights were highest among the direct syntheses of PC by oxidative carbonylation.
Characterizations and validations of novel antibodies toward translational research (2010)

The presented strategy of antibody validation and characterization can be provided a new tool for exploration of human proteome.
Towards SDI-bases Infrastructure for supporting science in Russia (2014)

Modern science presents a number of challenges to the cyber-infrastructure supporting it: heterogeneity of the required computational resources, problems associated with storing, preserving and moving large quantities of information, a collaborative nature of scientific activities requiring shared access to resources, continuously growing requirements for computational power and network bandwidth, and, last, but not least, ease of use. In this position paper we explore a new approach to creating and growing such infrastructure based on the principles of federation, enabled by deep programmability of individual infrastructure elements: Software-Defined Infrastructure (SDI). We describe the evolution of the science infrastructure, open research problems and the concrete steps we are taking towards its realization by building a unique, widely distributed science facility in Russia based on SDI and GENI technologies.
Aflatoxin B1Epoxide, the Ultimate Carcinogenic form of Aflatoxin B1: Synthesis and Reaction with Dna (1989)

The ultimate carcinogenic form of aflatoxin B1, the exo-8,9-epoxide, has long evaded both isolation and synthesis. The epoxide has now been prepared in essentially quantitative yield by oxidation of aflatoxin B1 with dimethyldioxirane. The epoxide is sufficiently stable that it can be isolated and characterized but it undergoes rapid solvolysis in hydroxylic media. Highly efficient reaction occurs with DNA to give N7 adducts on guanine. The oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes d(ATCGAT)2 and d(ATGCAT)2 react with the epoxide to give the AFB1 adduct at guanine N7. Stoichiometry of adduct formation is 1 per duplex in the first case and 2 per duplex in the second. NMR studies, including measurement of nuclear Overhauser effects by one and two dimensional techniques, reveal that the aflatoxin moiety is intercalated in the duplex on the 5’ side of the point of attachment. The difference in stoichiometry observed with the two duplexes reflects the fact that with d(ATCGAT)2 intercalation of aflatoxin between the C:G and G:C base-pairs precludes entry of a second molecule into that site, whereas intercalation occurs between T:A and G:C base-pairs in the second case so that two sites of intercalation are available. Several lines of evidence indicate that non-covalent association of aflatoxin with DNA involves intercalation and lead to the hypothesis that the transition state for reaction of aflatoxin B1 epoxide with DNA is also intercalative.
Pathogenic, immunologic, and molecular differences between two Ehrlichia risticii strains (1995)

Ehrlichia risticii is the causative agent of Potomac horse fever (PHF), an acute infectious disease of horses. In the last few years, there have been several reports of PHF cases occurring even in vaccinated horses. We isolated a new strain of E. risticii (90-12 strain) from a vaccinated horse suffering from clinical PHF. The major pathogenic, immunologic, and molecular differences between the 90-12 strain and the 25-D stain, which was originally isolated during the outbreaks in 1984, were studied. The 90-12 strain was more pathogenic for mice and horses compared with the 25-D strain. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay with mouse and horse antisera of both the strains, two- to fourfold differences were observed between (immunoblot) with mouse and horse antisera and also with the recombinant clone-specific antibodies. Though several antigens were similar in both the strains, there were significant differences between them in the 110-, 85-, 70-, 51-, and 33-kDa antigens. The 85-kDa antigen was present only in the 90-12 strain but cross-reacted with a 50-kDa antigen of the 25-D strain. The 51-kDa antigens of both strains had different migration patterns, Southern blot hybridization of the genome from both the strains with DNA probes made from the 51-, 55-, and clones for both the strains, whereas the probe of the 85-kDa clone showed a completely different pattern. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from the two strains were identical. Neither strain replicated in gamma interferon-treated mouse peritoneal macrophages. In in vitro neutralization assay, sera from the 25-D strain-infected horse neutralized the homologous strain but did not neutralize the 90-12 strain, whereas sera from the 90-12 strain-infected horse neutralized both the strains. In mouse protection experiments, there was complete homologous protection. But in cross-protection, mice immunized with the 25-D strain were only partially protected against challenge with the 90-12 strain, whereas mice immunized with the 90-12 strain were completely protected against the 25-D strain challenge. These results clearly indicate that there are major differences between the 90-12 and 25-D strains which may have implications regarding the vaccine failure for PHF and the development of an efficient vaccine.
Asymmetric Functionalization of Chromium Carbene-Derived Optically Active 4,4-Disubstituted Butenolides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Functionalization of Chromium Carbene-Derived Optically Active 4,4-Disubstituted ButenolidesA. D. Reed and Louis S. HegedusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 12, 3787–3794Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00117a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Structural properties of high density lipoprotein subclasses homogeneous in protein composition and size. (1993)

We isolated native high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses homogeneous in size and in their protein content with the objective of investigating the differences and similarities in their apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I) structures. Defined particles were isolated from ultracentrifugally prepared HDL by immunoaffinity and gel-filtration chromatography. The isolated 88-A LpAI, 106-A LpAI, 96-A LpAI/AII particles (LpAI, particles contain only apoA-I; LpAI/AII, particles contain apoA-I and apoA-II), together with a 93-A reconstituted HDL were analyzed for purity, composition, and content of apolipoprotein molecules per particle, and were examined by far and near circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic methods, as well as by reaction kinetics with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The spectroscopic analyses indicated that the secondary structures and three-dimensional arrangements of apoA-I in all these particles are remarkably similar: their tryptophan residues are located in similar nonpolar environments and become exposed to increasing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride in comparable denaturation steps; the 60-65% alpha-helical structures in apoA-I are denatured in similar patterns with 0-5 M denaturant concentrations. However, increasing surface lipid contents and the presence of apoA-II stabilize apoA-I on the HDL particles. The reaction kinetics with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase are similar and slow for the isolated HDL particles, reflecting product inhibition, and/or an apoA-I conformation that is unfavorable for the activation of the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction.
Nuclear sequestration of δ-sarcoglycan disrupts the nuclear localization of lamin A/C and emerin in cardiomyocytes (2006)

Sarcoglycan is a membrane-associated protein complex found at the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and skeletal myofibers. Recessive mutations of delta-sarcoglycan that eliminate expression, and therefore function, lead to cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy by producing instability of the plasma membrane. A dominant missense mutation in the gene encoding delta-sarcoglycan was previously shown to associate with dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. To investigate the mechanism of dominantly inherited cardiomyopathy, we generated transgenic mice that express the S151A delta-sarcoglycan mutation in the heart using the alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene promoter. Similar to the human delta-sarcoglycan gene mutation, S151A delta-sarcoglycan transgenic mice developed dilated cardiomyopathy at a young age with enhanced lethality. Instead of placement at the plasma membrane, delta-sarcoglycan was found in the nucleus of S151A delta-sarcoglycan cardiomyocytes. Retention of delta-sarcoglycan in the nucleus was accompanied by partial nuclear sequestration of beta- and gamma-sarcoglycan. Additionally, the nuclear-membrane-associated proteins, lamin A/C and emerin, were mislocalized throughout the nucleoplasm. Therefore, the S151A delta-sarcoglycan gene mutation acts in a dominant negative manner to produce trafficking defects that disrupt nuclear localization of lamin A/C and emerin, thus linking together two common mechanisms of inherited cardiomyopathy.
Specificity of human anti-NOR antibodies, a distinct species of "natural" anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies (2003)

Natural anti-NOR antibodies are common in human sera and agglutinate human erythrocytes of a rare NOR phenotype. The NOR phenotype-related antigens are unique neutral glycosphingolipids recognized by these antibodies and Griffonia simplicifolia IB4 isolectin (GSL-IB4). The oligosaccharide chains of NOR glycolipids are terminated by Galalpha1-4GalNAcbeta1-3Galalpha units. To characterize the specificity of anti-NOR antibodies and compare it with specificities of GSL-IB4 and known anti-Galalpha1,3Gal antibodies, alpha-galactosylated saccharides and saccharide-polyacrylamide conjugates were used. New synthetic oligosaccharides, corresponding to the terminal di- and trisaccharide sequence of NOR glycolipids and the conjugate of the NOR-tri with HSA were included. These compounds were tested by microtiter plate ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition. Anti-NOR antibodies reacted most strongly with Galalpha1-4GalNAcbeta1-3Gal (NOR-tri), and over 100 times less strongly with Galalpha1-4GalNAc (NOR-di). The antibodies reacted also with Galalpha1-4Gal and Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAc, similarly as with NOR-di but not with other tested compounds. In turn, anti-Galalpha1,3Gal antibodies reacted most strongly with Galalpha1-3Gal and were very weakly inhibited by the NOR-related oligosaccharides (weaker than by galactose), and NOR-tri was less active than NOR-di. GSL-IB4 reacted with all tested alpha-galactosylated saccharides and conjugates, including the similarly active NOR-tri and NOR-di. These results showed that anti-NOR represent a new species of anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies with high affinity for the Galalpha1-4GalNAcbeta1-3Gal sequence present in rare NOR erythrocytes.
Point target angular resoultion in near field for Ka-band interferometric synthetic aperture radiometer with sub-Y-type array configuration (2004)

This article evaluates the performance of interferometric synthetic aperture radiometer using sub-Y-type array proposed by our research group, SSL at GIST, Korea. The proposed array type has an improved resolution than the conventional Y-type known as optimal array configuration in the design of 2-D interferometric radiometer. To evaluate it, the interferometric synthetic aperture radiometer with 40 antenna array is developed at 37 GHz and two target noise sources were used for performance test. Through the experiments, the performance evaluation shows 23% improvement of angular resolution than the conventional Y-type
Asphalt Exposure Enhances Neuropeptide Levels in Sensory Neurons Projecting to the Rat Nasal Epithelium (2003)

Asphalt fumes have been reported to produce nasal irritation in road workers. Since inhaled irritants can increase substance P (SP) production in airway neurons, the effects of asphalt fumes on SP production in trigeminal ganglia (TG) sensory neurons innervating the nasal mucosa were investigated. The effects of asphalt fumes on nasal mucosal innervation were examined by measuring SP and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in rat TG neurons projecting to the nasal epithelium. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to asphalt fumes at 16.0 +/- 8.1mg /m3 for 5 consecutive days, 3.5 h/d. Inflammatory cells were measured in nasal cavity lavage fluid. SP and CGRP immunoreactivity (IR) was measured in the cell bodies of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons projecting to the nasal cavity. A significant increase in neutrophils and macrophages was observed after asphalt fume exposure indicating an inflammatory response in the nasal cavity. The percentage of SP-IR neurons increased significantly in the asphalt-exposed rats, and the proportion of CGRP-IR neurons was also elevated following asphalt exposure. These results indicate that exposure to asphalt fumes produces inflammation and increases the levels of SP and CGRP in TG neurons projecting to the nasal epithelium. The findings are consistent with asphalt-induced activation of sensory C-fibers in the nasal cavity. Enhanced sensory neuropeptide release from nerve terminals in the nasal cavity may produce neurogenic inflammation associated with nasal irritation following exposure to asphalt fumes.
Timing of the Vibration of Arm Muscles Affects Grip Force Control (2008)

Timing of the Vibration of Arm Muscles Affects Grip Force Control The purpose of the study was to investigate how the timing of application of vibration to the arm muscles affects grip force. Eight healthy subjects performed similar tasks of lifting and holding an object without any vibration (NV) and with vibration applied to the extrinsic wrist and finger muscles at different times during the task: 1) applied immediately prior to the task performance (AFV) and 2) during the task performance (DFV). Peak grip force, static grip force, and acceleration of the object were recorded. Vibration applied to the muscles during the task performance did not affect grip force generation. However, when vibration was applied prior to the task performance, a significant increase in grip force was observed. We suggest that the differences in magnitudes of grip force between the conditions are associated with the availability of information from muscle spindles and/or joint and tactile afferents. It appears that vibration applied during the task performance affects only muscles spindles, while a five-minute vibration applied prior to the lift of the object affects both muscle spindles and joint and tactile afferents. The results of the study provide additional information on the availability of afferent information in the control of grip force.
Development and Application of the Nearfield Measuring Array Technique in the Field of Underwater Sound (1970)

In underwater sound, the trend to increased directivity and longer wavelengths for improved detection capabilities has caused problems in transducer calibration by conventional farfield test procedures. Within the past 10 years, calibration in the nearfield of a source has been developed and proven by several measurements. The theory of the plane-array technique is described. Examples of the application of plane arrays and line arrays to measurement problems are discussed. The array shading function developed for nearfield measuring arrays is shown to have other applications.
Investigation of the Processing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Metallocenecatalysed Polyethylene Foams for Rotational Moulding (2003)

The object of this work is to investigate the foaming characteristics of three grades of metallocene-catalysed linear low-density polyethylenes for rotational moulding using both an exothermic and endothermic chemical blowing agent. This paper reports on the results of ongoing experimental investigations in which rheological and thermal parameters are related to the polymer structure and mechanical properties. Through adjustments to moulding conditions, the significant processing and physical material parameters, which optimise metallocene-catalysed linear low-density polyethylene foam structure, have been identified. The results obtained from equivalent conventional grades of Ziegler-Natta-catalysed linear low-density polyethylene are used as a basis for comparison.
Conformational Flexibility of C8-Phenoxylguanine Adducts in Deoxydinucleoside Monophosphates (2011)

M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) is used to calculate the structure of all natural deoxydinucleoside monophosphates with G in the 5' or 3' position, the anti or syn conformation, and each natural (A, C, G, T) base in the corresponding flanking position. When the ortho or para C8-phenoxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (C8-phenoxyl-dG) adduct replaces G in each model, there is little change in the relative base-base orientation or backbone conformation. However, the orientation of the C8-phenoxyl group can be characterized according to the position (5' versus 3'), conformation (anti versus syn), and isomer (ortho versus para) of damage. Although the degree of coplanarity between the phenoxyl ring and G base in the ortho adduct is highly affected by the sequence since the hydroxyl group can interact with neighboring bases, the para adduct generally does not exhibit discrete interactions with flanking bases. For both adducts, steric clashes between the phenoxyl group and the backbone or flanking base destabilize the anti conformation preferred by the natural nucleotide and thereby result in a clear preference for the syn conformation regardless of the sequence or position. This contrasts the conclusions drawn from smaller (nucleoside, nucleotide) models previously used in the literature, which stresses the importance of using models that address the steric constraints present due to the surrounding environment. Since replication errors for other C8-dG bulky adducts have been linked to a preference for the syn conformation, our findings provide insight into the possible mutagenicity of phenolic adducts.