gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary acid load and cancer risk and prognosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (2022)

Epidemiological studies have suggested that dietary acid load (DAL) might be related to the risk and prognosis of cancer, whereas the evidence is contentious. Several high-quality observational studies have been published following a prior systematic review with only one study included. Consequently, we conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the relationship between DAL and cancer risk and prognosis. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to 26 October 2021. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias, subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Ten observational studies (six cohorts and four case-control studies) with 227,253 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The summary RRs revealed a statistically significant associations between DAL and cancer risk (RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.23-2.05, <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 71.9%, <i>n</i> = 7) and prognosis (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.10-2.13, <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 77.1%, <i>n</i> = 3). No evidence of publication bias was observed in the current analysis. Positive associations were observed in most subgroup analyses stratified by predefined factors, including region, study design, study quality, study population, participants' gender, age of participants, cancer type, DAL assessment indicator, and adjustment of potential confounding parameters. No evidence of heterogeneity between subgroups was indicated by meta-regression analyses. The high DAL might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, as well as a poor prognosis of cancer. More high-quality prospective studies are warranted to further determine the associations between DAL and risk and prognosis for specific cancers.
Foldamer dynamics expressed via Markov state models. I. Explicit solvent molecular-dynamics simulations in acetonitrile, chloroform, methanol, and water (2005)

In this article, we analyze the folding dynamics of an all-atom model of a polyphenylacetylene (pPA) 12-mer in explicit solvent for four common organic and aqueous solvents: acetonitrile, chloroform, methanol, and water. The solvent quality has a dramatic effect on the time scales in which pPA 12-mers fold. Acetonitrile was found to manifest ideal folding conditions as suggested by optimal folding times on the order of approximately 100-200 ns, depending on temperature. In contrast, chloroform and water were observed to hinder the folding of the pPA 12-mer due to extreme solvation conditions relative to acetonitrile; chloroform denatures the oligomer, whereas water promotes aggregation and traps. The pPA 12-mer in a pure methanol solution folded in approximately 400 ns at 300 K, compared relative to the experimental 12-mer folding time of approximately 160 ns measured in a 1:1 v/v THF/methanol solution. Requisite in drawing the aforementioned conclusions, analysis techniques based on Markov state models are applied to multiple short independent trajectories to extrapolate the long-time scale dynamics of the 12-mer in each respective solvent. We review the theory of Markov chains and derive a method to impose detailed balance on a transition-probability matrix computed from simulation data.
Corrosive properties of liquid fractions issued from lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with ionic liquids (2016)

International audience
Brain Oxytocin: A Key Regulator of Emotional and Social Behaviours in Both Females and Males (2008)

In addition to various reproductive stimuli, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is released both from the neurohypophysial terminal into the blood stream and within distinct brain regions in response to stressful or social stimuli. Brain OXT receptor-mediated actions were shown to be significantly involved in the regulation of a variety of behaviours. Here, complementary methodological approaches are discussed which were utilised to reveal, for example, anxiolytic and anti-stress effects of OXT, both in females and in males, effects that were localised within the central amygdala and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Also, in male rats, activation of the brain OXT system is essential for the regulation of sexual behaviour, and increased OXT system activity during mating is directly linked to an attenuated anxiety-related behaviour. Moreover, in late pregnancy and during lactation, central OXT is involved in the establishment and fine-tuned maintenance of maternal care and maternal aggression. In monogamous prairie voles, brain OXT is important for mating-induced pair bonding, especially in females. Another example of behavioural actions of intracerebral OXT is the promotion of social memory processes and recognition of con-specifics, as revealed in rats, mice, sheep and voles. Experimental evidence suggests that, in humans, brain OXT exerts similar behavioural effects. Thus, the brain OXT system seems to be a potential target for the development of therapeutics to treat anxiety- and depression-related diseases or abnormal social behaviours including autism.
Graphene plasmonic devices for terahertz optoelectronics (2020)

Abstract Plasmonic excitations, consisting of collective oscillations of the electron gas in a conductive film or nanostructure coupled to electromagnetic fields, play a prominent role in photonics and optoelectronics. While traditional plasmonic systems are based on noble metals, recent work has established graphene as a uniquely suited materials platform for plasmonic science and applications due to several distinctive properties. Graphene plasmonic oscillations exhibit particularly strong sub‐wavelength confinement, can be tuned dynamically through the application of a gate voltage, and span a portion of the infrared spectrum (including mid‐infrared and terahertz (THz) wavelengths) that is not directly accessible with noble metals. These properties have been studied in extensive theoretical and experimental work over the past decade, and more recently various device applications are also beginning to be explored. This review article is focused on graphene plasmonic nanostructures designed to address a key outstanding challenge of modern‐day optoelectronics – the limited availability of practical, high‐performance THz devices. Graphene plasmons can be used as a means to enhance light–matter interactions at THz wavelengths in a highly tunable fashion, particularly through the integration of graphene resonant structures with additional nanophotonic elements. This capability is ideally suited to the development of THz optical modulators (where absorption is switched on and off by tuning the plasmonic resonance) and photodetectors (relying on plasmon‐enhanced intraband absorption or rectification of charge‐density waves), and promising devices based on these principles have already been reported. Novel radiation mechanisms, including light emission from electrically excited graphene plasmons, are also being explored for the development of compact narrowband THz sources.
PolicyCLOUD: A prototype of a Cloud Serverless Ecosystem for Policy Analytics (2022)

We present PolicyCLOUD, a prototype for an extensible, serverless cloud-based system that supports evidence-based elaboration and analysis of policies. PolicyCLOUD allows flexible exploitation and management of policy-relevant dataflows by enabling the practitioner to register datasets and specify a sequence of transformations and/or information extraction through registered ingest functions. Once a possibly transformed dataset has been ingested, additional insights can be retrieved by further applying registered analytic functions. PolicyCLOUD was built as an extensible framework toward the creation of an analytic ecosystem. As of now, we developed several essential ingest and analytic functions that are built-in within the framework. They include data cleaning, enhanced interoperability, and sentiment analysis generic functions. PolicyCLOUD has also the ability to tap on the analytic capabilities of external tools. We demonstrate this with a Social Analytics tool implemented in conjunction with PolicyCLOUD and show how to benefit from policy modeling, design and simulation capabilities. Furthermore, PolicyCLOUD has developed a first of its kind legal and ethical framework that covers the usage and dissemination of datasets and analytic functions throughout its policy-relevant dataflows. The article describes and evaluates the application of PolicyCLOUD to four families of pilots that cover a wide range of policy scenarios.
Additions and Corrections - Two Syntheses of d,l-Aplysistatin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Two Syntheses of d,l-AplysistatinT. Hoye, A. Caruso, J. Dellaria, Jr., and M. KurthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 21, 6531Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online12 April 2004Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00359a602https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00359a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generative Adversarial Learning for Reducing Manual Annotation in Semantic Segmentation on Large Scale Miscroscopy Images: Automated Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Fundus Image as Test Case (2017)

Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) based semantic segmentation require extensive pixel level manual annotation which is daunting for large microscopic images. The paper is aimed towards mitigating this labeling effort by leveraging the recent concept of generative adversarial network(GAN) wherein a generator maps latent noise space to realistic images while a discriminator differentiates between samples drawn from database and generator. We extend this concept to a multi task learning wherein a discriminator-classifier network differentiates between fake/real examples and also assigns correct class labels. Though our concept is generic, we applied it for the challenging task of vessel segmentation in fundus images. We show that proposed method is more data efficient than a CNN. Specifically, with 150K, 30K and 15K training examples, proposed method achieves mean AUC of 0.962, 0.945 and 0.931 respectively, whereas the simple CNN achieves AUC of 0.960, 0.921 and 0.916 respectively.
The chromatography of gases and vapours. Part V. Partition analyses with columns of silicone 702 and of tritolyl phosphate (1955)

A. B. Littlewood, C. S. G. Phillips and D. T. Price, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1480 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550001480
Elevated Platelet Activation in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Increased Plasma Levels of β-Thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4 (2008)

Our results show that blood platelets are activated in patients with AD or psoriasis, suggesting that activated platelets play a role in the pathomechanism of chronic skin inflammation. Furthermore, plasma beta-TG and PF4 may be markers for the severity of AD and psoriasis.
Tailoring crop nutrition to fight weeds (2018)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
NTCP modelling of lung toxicity after SBRT comparing the universal survival curve and the linear quadratic model for fractionation correction (2011)

NTCP analysis with the LKB-model using parameters m = 0.4, D(50) = 30 Gy resulted for the volume dependence parameter (n) with LQ correction n = 0.87 and with USC correction n = 0.71. Using parameters m = 0.3, D(50) = 20 Gy n = 0.93 with LQ correction and n = 0.83 with USC correction. In SBRT of lung tumours, NTCP modelling of lung toxicity comparing models (LQ,USC) for fractionation correction, shows that low dose contribute less and high dose more to the NTCP when using the USC-model. Comparing NTCP modelling of SBRT data and data from breast cancer, lung cancer and whole lung irradiation implies that the response of the lung is treatment specific. More data are however needed in order to have a more reliable modelling.
Evaluation of Pirfenidone as a New Postoperative Antiscarring Agent in Experimental Glaucoma Surgery (2011)

Postoperative use of 0.5% pirfenidone eye drops was associated with improved trabeculectomy bleb survival in a rabbit model. Pirfenidone eye drops may be a safe and effective antiscarring agent in glaucoma filtration surgery.
Practical methods for background subtraction in photoemission spectra (2014)

The active approach for background modeling is described in this report. Under this technique, the background is assessed during the optimization of the peak parameters. In contrast, under the traditional ( static ) approach, the background is defined prior to peak fitting. The active has many advantages over the static, such as that the peak areas are often underestimated under the static approach. The active technique allows for treating the background as a combination of various background types. There are many reports in the literature where some of the features of the active approach are employed. Also described in this report is the Shirley–Vegh–Salvi–Castle (SVSC) background, which is a variant of the Shirley–Proctor–Sherwood method that does not require iterations. The advantages of the SVSC over the Shirley–Proctor–Sherwood background are fully described. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Structure of Fast Ion Conducting and Semiconducting Glassy Chalcogenide Alloys (1994)

The method of isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction is used to measure the metal-metal partial structure factor ${S}_{\mathrm{MM}}(k)$ for the glassy fast ion conductor $g\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}{g}_{2}\mathrm{A}{s}_{3}\mathrm{S}{e}_{4}$ and for the glassy semiconductor $g\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{C}{u}_{2}\mathrm{A}{s}_{3}\mathrm{S}{e}_{4}$. The remaining partial structure factors are hence separated into two functions which comprise either the $M\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}(\ensuremath{\mu}=\mathrm{As}\mathrm{or}\mathrm{Se})$ or $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}$ species. It is found that the short range order of the network former $g\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}$ is not destroying on alloying with ${M}_{2}\mathrm{Se}$ and that the most significant structural differences occur with respect to the $M$ atom ordering.
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES (1965)

The in vitro differentiation of homogeneous populations of monocyte-like cells from the unstimulated mouse peritoneal cavity is described. Under the conditions employed, a progressive increase in cell size occurs without significant cell division. This process is characterized morphologically by the accumulation of phase-dense and neutral red-positive granules, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. The phase-dense granules react strongly for acid phosphatase. Biochemical determinations indicate marked increases in the total content and specific activity of acid phosphatase, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase. The production of acid phosphatase is more rapid and extensive than that of the other two hydrolases. From these data it appears that the conversion of a monocyte-like cell to a mature macrophage is accompanied by the formation of increased numbers of lysosome-like cytoplasmic organelles. Mouse peritoneal phagocytes stimulated in vivo with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide undergo a similar series of morphological and biochemical events.
Greatest common divisors of polynomials given by straight-line programs (1988)

Algorithms on multivariate polynomials represented by straight-line programs are developed. First, it is shown that most algebraic algorithms can be probabilistically applied to data that are given by a straight-line computation. Testing such rational numeric data for zero, for instance, is facilitated by random evaluations modulo random prime numbers. Then, auxiliary algorithms that determine the coefficients of a multivariate polynomial in a single variable are constructed. The first main result is an algorithm that produces the greatest common divisor of the input polynomials, all in straight-line representation. The second result shows how to find a straight-line program for the reduced numerator and denominator from one for the corresponding rational function. Both the algorithm for that construction and the greatest common divisor algorithm are in random polynomial time for the usual coefficient fields and output a straight-line program, which with controllably high probability correctly determines the requested answer. The running times are polynomial functions in the binary input size, the input degrees as unary numbers, and the logarithm of the inverse of the failure probability. The algorithm for straight-line programs for the numerators and denominators of rational functions implies that every degree-bounded rational function can be computed fast in parallel, that is, in polynomial size and polylogarithmic depth.
Supplementary Figure 3 from DNA Cross-Links in Human Tumor Cells Exposed to the Prodrug PR-104A: Relationships to Hypoxia, Bioreductive Metabolism, and Cytotoxicity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from DNA Cross-Links in Human Tumor Cells Exposed to the Prodrug PR-104A: Relationships to Hypoxia, Bioreductive Metabolism, and Cytotoxicity
Broad-band calibration of marine seismic sources used by R/VPolarsternfor academic research in polar regions (2008)

Air guns and air-gun arrays of different volumes are used for scientific seismic surveys with R/V Polarstern in polar regions. To assess the potential risk of these research activities on marine mammal populations, knowledge of the sound pressure field of the seismic sources is essential. Therefore, a broad-band (0-80 kHz) calibration study was conducted at the Heggernes Acoustic Range, Norway. A GI (2.4 l), a G (8.5 l) and a Bolt gun (32.8 l) were deployed as single sources, 3 GI (7.4 l), 3 G (25.6 l) and 8 VLF TM Prakla-Seismos air guns (24.0 l) as arrays. Each configuration was fired along a line of 3-4 km length running between two hydrophone chains with receivers in 35, 100, 198 and 263 m depth. Peak-to-peak, zero-to-peak, rms and sound exposure levels (SEL) were analysed as functions of range. They show the typical dipole-like directivity of marine seismic sources with amplitude cancellation close to the sea surface, higher amplitudes in greater depths, and sound pressure levels which continuously decrease with range. Levels recorded during the approach are lower than during the departure indicating a shadowing effect of Polarsterns's hull. Backcalculated zero-to-peak source levels range from 224-240 dB re 1 Pa @ 1 m. Spectral source levels are highest below 100 Hz and amount to 182-194 dB re 1 Pa Hz -1 . They drop off continuously with range and frequency. At 1 kHz they are 30 dB, at 80 kHz 60 dB lower than the peak level. Above 1 kHz amplitude spectra are dominated by Polarstern's self-noise. From the rms and sound exposure levels of the deepest hydrophone radii for different thresholds are derived. For a 180 dB rms-level threshold radii maximally vary between 200 and 600 m, for a 186 dB SEL threshold between 50 and 300 m.
Topically Applied Human Recombinant Monoclonal IgG1Antibody and Its Fab and F(ab′)2Fragments Protect Mice from Vaginal Transmission of HSV-2 (1996)

A recombinant human anti-herpes simplex virus monoclonal IgG1, antibody and the corresponding Fab and F(ab')2 fragments were tested for efficacy in preventing vaginal transmission of HSV-2 infection in a well-established mouse model for genital herpes. IgG1, Fab, and F(ab')2 were approximately equally protective; vaginal delivery of 1-5 ng provided approximately 50% protection, and vaginal delivery of 400 ng completely protected mice from genital herpes infection (P < 0.001). These results suggest that topical applications of human monoclonal antibodies may be useful in developing new methods for preventing sexually transmitted disease.
Bayesian Nonparametric Adaptive Control Using Gaussian Processes (2014)

Most current model reference adaptive control (MRAC) methods rely on parametric adaptive elements, in which the number of parameters of the adaptive element are fixed a priori, often through expert judgment. An example of such an adaptive element is radial basis function networks (RBFNs), with RBF centers preallocated based on the expected operating domain. If the system operates outside of the expected operating domain, this adaptive element can become noneffective in capturing and canceling the uncertainty, thus rendering the adaptive controller only semiglobal in nature. This paper investigates a Gaussian process-based Bayesian MRAC architecture (GP-MRAC), which leverages the power and flexibility of GP Bayesian nonparametric models of uncertainty. The GP-MRAC does not require the centers to be preallocated, can inherently handle measurement noise, and enables MRAC to handle a broader set of uncertainties, including those that are defined as distributions over functions. We use stochastic stability arguments to show that GP-MRAC guarantees good closed-loop performance with no prior domain knowledge of the uncertainty. Online implementable GP inference methods are compared in numerical simulations against RBFN-MRAC with preallocated centers and are shown to provide better tracking and improved long-term learning.
Energy transfer in collisions of excited Na atoms with NO molecules. [Scattering angle and product velocity distributions] (1977)

Measurements of scattering angle and product velocity distributions are reported for a crossed molecular beam study of excited Na atoms and NO molecules. These results provide evidence that most of the electronic energy is partitional between relative translation and vibration of the NO molecule. (AIP).
FinFET technology for future microprocessors (2003)

For the first time we have converted an existing SOI microprocessor design to enable processing in a 0.1 /spl mu/m FinFET technology. We describe the methodology and tools set that has been developed for this conversion and point out the circuit design issues on SRAM-cell and other circuit structures, necessary in a microprocessor design.
A convenient solid phase approach to obtain lipophilic 5′-phosphoramidate derivatives of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides (2018)

This paper explores the potential of a modified phosphotriester approach to the synthesis of 5'-phosphoramidate derivatives of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. The modification of 5'-deprotected support-bound oligonucleotides is done in two steps: i) conversion of the 5'-OH group of an oligonucleotide into an activated phosphodiester, and ii) treatment of the activated phosphodiester with an aminocompound. The approach is efficient and compatible with conventional solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. It can be used for the conjugation of therapeutically relevant oligonucleotides with functional moieties or carrier constructions, which are to be removed after endocytosis.