gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Seq2Seq learning approach for modeling semantic trajectories and predicting the next location (2018)

Proactive mobile applications and services have the advantage of providing their users with timely and customized solutions improving in this way the human-machine interaction. For this reason, Location Based Services (LBS) rely increasingly on predictive models that estimate how likely it is for a user to visit a certain location. Recently, Artificial Neural Networks, and especially recurrent architectures such as the LSTMs, have shown a particularly good performance in this field. In this work, we extend a LSTM network by applying Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq) learning on human semantic trajectories. In particular, we explore whether and to what extent Attention-based Seq2Seq learning in combination with neural networks can contribute to improving the accuracy in a location prediction scenario. We compare the performance of our framework with the performance of a standard LSTM, a semantic trajectory tree-based approach and a probabilistic graph of first and higher order on two different real-world datasets. It can be shown that Sequence to Sequence learning may well be used to model semantic trajectories and predict future human movement patterns.
Accurately computing electronic properties of materials using eigenenergies (2020)

A promising approach to study quantum materials is to simulate them on an engineered quantum platform. However, achieving the accuracy needed to outperform classical methods has been an outstanding challenge. Here, using eighteen superconducting qubits, we provide an experimental blueprint for a programmable and accurate quantum matter simulator and demonstrate how to probe fundamental electronic properties. We illustrate the underlying method by reconstructing the single-particle band-structure of a one-dimensional wire. We demonstrate nearly complete mitigation of decoherence and readout errors and arrive at an accuracy in measuring energy eigenvalues of this wire with an error of ~0.01 radians, whereas typical energy scales are of order 1 radian. Insight into this unprecedented algorithm fidelity is gained by highlighting robust properties of a Fourier transform, including the ability to resolve eigenenergies with a statistical uncertainty of $10^{-4}$ radians. Furthermore, we synthesize magnetic flux and disordered local potentials, two key tenets of a condensed-matter system. When sweeping the magnetic flux, we observe avoided level crossings in the spectrum, a detailed fingerprint of the spatial distribution of local disorder. Combining these methods, we reconstruct electronic properties of the eigenstates where we observe persistent currents and a strong suppression of conductance with added disorder. Our work describes an accurate method for quantum simulation and paves the way to study novel quantum materials with superconducting qubits.
The generalized cumulant expansion approach to stochastic reductions in molecular collision dynamics: Applications to collisional energy transfer (1977)

A generalized cumulant expansion method is developed for applying stochastic reductions to molecular collision processes. We begin by introducing an approximate partitioning of a collision system into two subsystems Sr and Si which are assumed to be weakly correlated. Cumulant expansion methods are then used to simultaneously perform a stochastic reduction over Si, and a projection of the diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix for Sr thereby leading to a Pauli master equation describing Sr. We then apply this general equation using an impulse approximation partitioning to problems in inelastic V–T and R–T scattering. For He+H2 vibrationally inelastic collisions, the stochastic theory predicts low order moments and some probabilities in very good agreement with exact quantum results. In applications to He+H2 rigid rotor scattering, integral cross sections and opacity functions within 10%–30% of exact results are obtained at most energies.
Transitional change of colony stimulating factor requirements for erythroid progenitors (1991)

The course of the differentiation and proliferation of the human erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) to colony-forming units (CFU-E) was directly investigated using a combination of highly purified BFU-E, a liquid culture system, and the following clonal assay. Highly purified human blood BFU-E with a purity of 45-79% were cultured in liquid medium with recombinant human erythropoietin (rEP) and recombinant human interleukin-3 (rIL-3) to generate more differentiated erythroid progenitors. The cultured cells were collected daily for investigating the morphology, the increment in the number of cells and the clonality. Ninety percent of purified BFU-E required not only rEP but also rIL-3 for clonal development. By 7 days of liquid culture, the total cell number increased 237 +/- 20-fold above the starting cells, while erythroid progenitors increased 156 +/- 74-fold. As the incubation time in liquid culture increased, the cells continuously differentiated in morphology. Replating experiments with rEP combined with or without rIL-3 showed the following: 1) The number of erythroblasts that were part of erythroid colonies decreased with accompanying erythroid progenitor differentiation and proliferation. 2) As the incubation time in liquid culture increased, erythroid progenitors had a graded loss of their dependency on rIL-3 and a complete loss of dependency was observed after 3 days of liquid culture. At that time 85% of the erythroid progenitors gave rise to colonies of more than 100 erythroblasts which were equivalent to mature BFU-E. These studies provide a quantitative assessment of the loss of IL-3 dependency by BFU-E and indicate that the size of the generated erythroid colonies and their IL-3 requirement correlate with the erythroid differentiated state.
Design concept of a prototype amphibious walking robot for automated shore line survey work (2005)

There are many waterside areas such as shoals or shore lines in the port areas. One of the main work is survey work in such areas. For instance, the port authorities survey the shore lines to maintain encroached beach. Tidal flats are also surveyed to monitor the environment and the ecosystem. Some of the work in the areas are carried out on weak terrain. Consequently, the primary work force is still human-intensive although the mechanization and automatization are desired from the viewpoint of efficiency. Therefore, we are on the study of automated topographic survey work in waterside areas such as shore line. We consider that this is the same also in the waterside or underwater because walking machine does not damage the terrain seriously. We have verified the validity of the countermeasure suggested by us in the experiment on land. Consequently, we have started the development of a prototype amphibious walking robot which has some unique features in the structure and composition in order to experiment our proposed method in real sea. One of the structural features is the same mechanism of all joints, and they are independent respectively to each other as watertight type joint units. This feature contributes to the simplicity of the composition of the robot. Another structural feature is that the legs and the body unit are able to be detached easily in case of the maintenance. A design concept and the features of the prototype amphibious walking robot would be described in detail. And, the progress of development of the prototype robot would be reported.
Effect of change of body mass index (BMI) during therapy on the efficacy of endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients with breast cancer: An analysis of the ABCSG-12 trial. (2011)

514 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are effective as adjuvant endocrine treatment in breast cancer (BC) patients. Recently, it has been argued that BMI at BC diagnosis impacts on the efficacy of endocrine therapy. Interventional trials try to identify a benefit on outcome by BMI change after BC diagnosis. As endocrine therapy may lead to an increase of body weight, we investigated the impact of BMI change during therapy on BC outcome. Methods: ABCSG-12 examined the efficacy of ovarian suppression using goserelin (3.6 mg q28d SC) in combination with anastrozole (ANA) or tamoxifen (TAM) ± zoledronic acid (ZOL 4 mg IV q6mo) in premenopausal women with endocrine-responsive BC. BMI was calculated using prospectively collected data on weight and height at study entry as well as every three months up to 3 years of endocrine treatment. Comparisons between BMI at study entry and BMI during therapy were done by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Comparisons of BMI changes between ANA and TAM were done by Kruskal-Wallis test. Cox regression models were used to analyse the impact of BMI change as a time dependent covariate on disease free survival (DFS). Results: BMI significantly increased in both treatment arms after 1, 2 and 3 years of therapy. The increase of BMI was significantly higher in patients treated with TAM compared to ANA after 1, 2 and 3 years (0.68 vs. 0.38 kg/m², 1.06 vs. 0.71 kg/m² and 1.10 vs. 0.74 kg/m², p<0.05). None of the Cox regression models showed an impact of BMI as a time dependent covariate on DFS. No difference regarding DFS could be observed comparing patients with an increase of weight by >0.5kg after 1 year to patients with no such increase in weight (HR 1.25, 95%CI 0.886 1.76, p=0.2). Increase or decrease of BMI could not be correlated to the amount of adverse events at any time during therapy. Conclusions: BMI significantly increases in premenopausal patients during endocrine therapy, especially in those treated with TAM. As the change of BMI during therapy does not impact on disease outcome, the BMI at BC diagnosis seems to be much more important than any short-term change thereafter.
Synthesis of linear aldehydes from internal olefins in water (2005)

We show here, for the first time, that the carbonylation of internal olefins in a biphasic water system is possible. It is shown that control of the pH and CO partial pressure are important factors for successful reactions. Interestingly, the water-soluble catalyst leads to significantly higher regioselectivity compared to similar catalysts soluble in organic solvents. The obtained n/i-selectivities exceed all known literature data and the catalyst can be easily reused several times.
Fly ash-derived MCM-41 as a low-cost silica support for polyethyleneimine in post-combustion CO2 capture (2017)

The mesoporous silicate molecular sieve, MCM-41, has been synthesized from pulverized coal fly ash (PFA), where the silicate filtrate used is a by-product from hydrothermal zeolite production. Rice husk ash was also used for comparison but fusion with sodium hydroxide was used to prepare the silicate filtrate, along similar lines to earlier reports of using PFA as a precursor for MCM-41 synthesis. The MCM-41 samples are chemically and mineralogically similar to a commercially available sample, but with higher pore volumes dominated by mesopores (0.92–1.13 cf. 0.88 cm3 g−1). After polyethyleneimine (PEI) impregnation for CO2 capture, the ash derived MCM-41 samples displayed higher uptakes than the commercial sample with the maximum achievable PEI loading of 60 Wt.% PEI (dry basis) before particle agglomeration occurs, approximately 13 compared to 11 Wt.%, respectively, the latter being comparable to earlier reports in the literature. The PFA sample that displays the fastest kinetics to achieve 90% of the equilibrium uptake had the largest mesopore volume of 1.13 cm3 g−1. Given the PFA-derived MCM-41 uses a waste silicate solution for hydrothermal preparation and no prior preparation is needed, production costs are estimated to be considerable lower where silicate solutions need to be prepared by base treatment, even if ash is used, as for the RHA derived MCM-41 used here.
A new position-sensitive silicon photomultiplier with submillimeter spatial resolution for photon-cluster identification (2013)

We present a new Silicon Photo-Multiplier topology (Interpolating SiPM, ISiPM), able to reach sub-millimeter spatial resolution in photon cluster identification. SiPMs are becoming widely used in different applications, from medical imaging to high energy physics, as γ-ray detectors, coupled with suited scintillating crystals. The intrinsic spatial resolution in such application is limited by the crystal size: smaller crystals can be identified only if many SiPMs (and then many readout channels) are read out. In the ISiPM the avalanche photodiodes are connected to few different readout channels, instead of the common output used in standard device. The cells are assigned to one of the available electrodes in such a way that the center of gravity of any arbitrary shaped group of cells can be reconstructed from a weighted function of the outputs. The devices have been fabricated with standard technologies, use a very limited number of readout channels, have reduced noise and can easily identified sub-millimeter crystals. The energy resolution achieved from the ISiPMs is still in an acceptable range for many applications. We present the prototyped sensor design and the results we obtained coupling it with different LYSO scintillators. Due to its very good results and the reduced number of readout channels, we consider the ISiPM a very promising alternative for photon-cluster detection systems.
SB1317, a Potent and Orally Active FLT3-CDK Inhibitor with High Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Models of Hematological Malignancies. (2007)

Abstract FLT3 is the most common mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and FLT3 mutations are strongly correlated with poor prognosis. Small-molecule inhibitors of FLT3 kinase have been evaluated in clinical trials but with limited success due to the emergence of activating mutants other than FLT3. CDK1, 2, 4 and 6 are well-established anti-cancer targets due to their direct role in cell cycle control. CDK7 and 9 are transcriptional CDKs that are emerging anti-cancer targets as a result of recent advances in the understanding of their effects on apoptotic regulators. Recent evidence suggests that the combined targeting of CDK1, 2 and 9 enhances apoptotic killing of tumor cells. Most CDK active compounds currently in clinical development do not target all of these CDKs and have poor pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. Compounds targeting these CDKs, in addition to FLT3, may be more effective in AML and also be effective against other hematological as well as solid tumors. SB1317 is a novel potent inhibitor of FLT3 kinase (IC50 = 45 nM) and CDK2 (IC50 = 11 nM). The CDK spectrum also includes potent inhibition of CDK1 and 9 (IC50 = 19 and 10 nM respectively). SB1317 inhibits proliferation of a broad panel of tumor cell lines, and is particularly potent against the mutant FLT3-dependent AML cell line, MV4-11 (proliferation IC50 = 18 nM). SB1317 reduced phospho-Rb and phospho-FLT3 levels in MV4-11 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It induced apoptosis in MV4-11 cells as well as in primary AML cells from patients. The pharmaceutical, metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties of SB1317 render it amenable to oral dosing. In a nude mouse subcutaneous model of AML (MV4-11), SB1317 induced complete tumor regression after oral daily dosing (40 mg/kg for 21 days). In an orthotopic model of AML (HL60), SB1317 significantly prolonged median survival time (59 days versus 40 days) after treatment at 100 mg/kg p.o. 2d on/5d off. It also showed significant anti-tumor activity in a nude mouse model of B-cell lymphoma (Ramos) with a tumor growth inhibition of 63% (15 mg/kg i.p. 5d on/5d off). These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this novel kinase inhibitor for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
Rectitude Rights and Legitimacy: Reassessing and Reforming the Privilege against Self-Incrimination in English Law (1997)

The privilege against self-incrimination has always attracted controversy. Legal historians continue to disagree over its origins, and its justification has been keenly debated ever since Bentham's famous attack on it as a misguided concession to the guilty. This debate has recently entered a new and critical phase as the result of diametrically opposed developments by, on the one hand, the courts and legislature in England and, on the other, by the institutions of the European Convention of Human Rights. These developments can be summarised by saying that whereas the trend in England has been towards attrition and formal restriction of the privilege, the European Court of Human Rights has been reconstituting the privilege as an implicit element of the right to a fair trial under article 6.1 of the European Convention. The European decisions have the potential for significant expansion of the privilege, and they call into question the validity of several of the English developments.
Comparative study of various PV technologies in terms of energy yield and annual degradation (2010)

Current accelerated tests of photovoltaic (PV) modules mostly prevent infant mortality but do not fully duplicate changes occurring in the field nor can predict useful lifetime. Therefore, monitoring of field-deployed thin film PV modules was undertaken at FSEC with goals to assess their performance in hot and humid climate under high voltage operation and to correlate the PV performance with the meteorological parameters. This paper presents performance analysis of a-Si:H and CIGS PV modules that were field deployed in the hot and humid climate over a period of approximately 30 months. The modules were connected in series so as to build maximum open circuit voltage of less than ±600 V with respect to ground and maintained at near maximum power point conditions. Statistical data analysis of PV parameters along with meteorological parameters that were continuously monitored is carried out on regular basis with PVUSA type regression analysis. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of module arrays that are obtained periodically complement the continuous data monitoring. The annual energy yield was calculated for both the PV technologies based on the data averaged over every fifteen minutes. Moreover, comparison of the two technologies was carried out based on the estimated annual degradation.
The Impact of Surface Forces on Particle Flow and Pore Blocking in the Microfiltration of Metalworking Fluids (2009)

Microfiltration is an in-process recycling method that shows great potential to extend fluid life and reduce bacterial concentrations in synthetic and semi-synthetic metalworking fluids (MWFs). The primary problem facing this use of microfiltration is membrane fouling, which is the blocking of membrane pores causing reduced flux. In this paper a fluid dynamic model of partial and complete blocking in sintered alumina membranes is developed that includes hydrodynamic, electrostatic, and Brownian forces. Model simulations are employed to study the impact of electrostatic and Brownian motion forces on the progression of partial blocking. The simulations also examine the effects of fluid velocity, particle size, and particle surface potential. The inclusion of electrostatic and Brownian forces is shown to significantly impact the progression of the partial blocking mechanism. The addition of a strong inter-particle electrostatic force is shown to eliminate the partial blocking build-up of small particles due to the presence of the repulsive forces between the particles. As a result, the time to complete blocking of the test pore was lengthened, suggesting that flux decline is reduced in the presence of electrostatic forces. Brownian motion is shown to have a large impact at low fluid velocities. The most effective parameter set is a low fluid velocity, small particle sizes, high microemulsion surface potential, and high membrane surface potential.
A Review on Fast Dissolving Systems: From Tablets to Nanofibers (2016)

Context: Oral administration of drugs remains the most common and preferred route for many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, solid oral dosage forms may be limited for patients who have swallowing problems or fear of choking. Furthermore in the case of solid dosage forms, disintegration and dissolution of dosage forms are rate limiting steps mostly for hydrophobic drugs' absorption and bioavailability. Liquid oral dosage forms such as syrups, emulsions or suspensions may be used to overcome these disadvantages but higher costs of their production and larger volume and dimensions of their packaging along with the lower precision in dose intake make the liquid oral dosage form less acceptable for patients and pharmaceutical industries. Evidence Acquisition: In order to merge the advantages of both solid and liquid oral dosage forms, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have been developed over the years. The current review aimed to discuss the pros and cons of different preparations of oral fast dissolving dosage forms including tablets, films and nanofibers. Results: Fast dissolving dosage forms rapidly dissolve in mouth without the need for additional liquid or chewing, providing ease of use for consumers, a fast absorption of drug, quick onset of action, and improved bioavailability. Various technologies to fabricate these dosage forms such as lyophilization, spray drying, solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, compaction and electrospinning are also addressed. Conclusions: Fast dissolving drug delivery systems are the promising approach in oral drug delivery systems, which can provide patient compliance especially in case of pediatrics and geriatrics. They can also lead to quick action of drugs and enhanced bioavailability.
Gene positional changes relative to the nuclear substructure during carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatic fibrosis in rats (2004)

In the interphase nucleus the DNA of higher eukaryotes is organized in loops anchored to a substructure known as the nuclear matrix (NM). The topological relationship between gene sequences located in the DNA loops and the NM appears to be very important for nuclear physiology because processes such as replication, transcription, and processing of primary transcripts occur at macromolecular complexes located at discrete sites upon the NM. Mammalian hepatocytes rarely divide but preserve a proliferating capacity that is displayed in vivo after specific stimulus. We have previously shown that transient changes in the relative position of specific genes to the NM occur during the process of liver regeneration after partial ablation of the liver, but also that such changes correlate with the replicating status of the cells. Moreover, since chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) leads to bouts of hepatocyte damage and regeneration, and eventually to non-reversible liver fibrosis in the rat, we used this animal model in order to explore if genes that show differential activity in the liver change or modify their relative position to the NM during the process of liver fibrosis induction. We found that changes in the relative position of specific genes to the NM occur during the chronic administration of CCl4, but also that such changes correlate with the proliferating status of the hepatocytes that goes from quiescence to regeneration to replicative senescence along the course of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, indicating that specific configurations in the higher-order DNA structure underlie the stages of progression towards liver fibrosis.