gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase 1 in Thrombus Formation (2007)

The involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) has never been investigated in hemostasis and thrombosis. Using two JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and 6o), we have demonstrated that JNK1 is involved in collagen-induced platelet aggregation dependent on ADP. In these conditions, JNK1 activation requires the coordinated signaling pathways of collagen receptors (alpha2beta1 and glycoprotein (GP)VI) and ADP. In contrast, JNK1 is not required for platelet adhesion on a collagen matrix in static or blood flow conditions (300-1500 s(-1)) involving collagen receptors (alpha2beta1 and GPVI). Importantly, at 1500 s(-1), JNK1 acts on thrombus formation on a collagen matrix dependent on GPIb-von Willebrand factor (vWF) interaction but not ADP receptor activation. This is confirmed by the involvement of JNK1 in shear-induced platelet aggregation at 4000 s(-1). We also provide evidence during rolling and adhesion of platelets to vWF that platelet GPIb-vWF interaction triggers alphaIIbbeta3 activation in a JNK1-dependent manner. This was confirmed with a Glanzmann thrombastenic patient lacking alphaIIbbeta3. Finally, in vivo, JNK1 is involved in arterial but not in venular thrombosis in mice. Overall, our in vitro studies define a new role of JNK1 in thrombus formation in flowing blood that is relevant to thrombus development in vivo.
Expression of 1 integrins in IgA nephropathy (1997)

In IgA nephropathy the interstitium is the main site of altered beta 1 integrin expression. Glomerular crescents also express several beta 1 integrins, but we found no differences in the intensity of integrin expression on mesangial cells. Altered beta 1 integrin expression may play a role in tubulointerstitial scarring in IgA disease. Thus modulation of integrin expression might attenuate this process.
Fabrication and characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/selenium thin‐film solar cells (1986)

Abstract Recently, Se‐based low‐cost thin‐film solar cells have been developed, resulting in an improvement of the conversion efficiency over conventional Se photocells. Although these solar cells enable increasing the photocurrent increase by designing a thin Se layer, no considerations have been given for the open‐circuit voltage. The TiO 2 /Se solar cell described in this paper uses n‐type TiO 2 with remarkable photoconductivity as a window material. In addition, it reduces the dark current and improves the open‐circuit voltage by operating as an MIS (Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor) diode in the dark and as a pn junction under the light illumination. As a result, the open‐circuit voltage has been improved, and a cell with a conversion efficiency of 5.0 percent (short‐circuit current is 10.8 mA/cm 2 , open‐circuit voltage 0.88 V, fill factor FF 0.53) under simulated AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm 2 ) illumination has been realized. This is the highest efficiency reported to date for Se solar cells. Additionally, since the spectral response is close to the emission spectrum of fluorescent lights, the efficiency improves to 11 ‐ 13 percent under fluorescent lights (500 lux). Furthermore, since these cells have advantages of high sensitivity in short wavelengths, good photocurrent‐illumination characteristics and low dark current, applications not only for solar cells but for light sensors such as color sensors and power meters are also expected.
Homogeneous Sulfonation of Styrene‐Divinylbenzene Copolymers with Oleum in Organic Solvents (1969)

Abstract In order to obtain homogeneously sulfonated cation exchangers, the copolymers were sulfonated by oleum in a mixture of methylene‐chloride and nitromethane. The influences of the chemical interaction and of the diffusion process on the kinetic behavior of these systems were investigated, and it was shown that raising the temperature of the sulfonation mixture markedly increases the chemical reaction rate, while the effect on the diffusion is small. A curve‐fitting technique was used for the interpretation of the degree‐of‐sulfonation‐vs.‐time curves. These investigations served as guidelines for the subsequent preparation of homogeneous highly sulfonated copolymers.
Water-soluble graphene grafted by poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) for enhancement of electric capacitance (2012)

Water-soluble poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) modified graphene (PSSS-GR) was successfully synthesized via covalently grafting poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSSS) on the surfaces of graphene (GR) nanosheets. The structure of PSSS-GR was investigated with Fourier transform infrared, x-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The PSSS chains made the GR nanosheets fully exfoliate into a single-layer structure, and the PSSS layer on GR reached 90 wt%. PSSS chains displayed mutually repulsive effects on promoting GR sheets that were more stable in water. The performances of supercapacitors made of PSSS-GR and unmodified GR electrodes were compared using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. The results showed that PSSS is an effective binder for graphene sheets and can increase the specific capacitance of PSSS-GR based supercapacitors and improve their rate capability. The maximum specific capacitance of the PSSS-GR based supercapacitor was 210 F g(-1) at 5 A g(-1), which was 166% higher than for one made of unmodified graphene electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated fast ion diffusion in the PSSS-GR electrode structure. PSSS-GR based supercapacitors can fulfil one of the essential requirements for potential electric energy storage applications.
<title>Transparent three-dimensional microstructures for the trapping of living cells</title> (1999)

The simultaneous manipulation and observation of morphological features of single living cells along with the recording of functional changes related to cellular metabolism, interaction and communication in real time are of growing interest. With the advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) structural studies of native cells became possible which in combination with adequate light microscopy give a much better resolution than light microscopy alone. However, the motion of the cell, the softness of the cell membrane and the two-dimensional growth of cells in culture limit applicability and resolution of this technique. A good mechanical fixation of living cells in a structure could be achieved by embedding cells into partially covered grooves produced in Si/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>. However, for additionally optical microscopy studies a transparent material is essential. In this study we present the fabrication of different transparent three-dimensional structures in a three- layer system (Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) on quartz specially sized for the trapping of living neural cells under physiological conditions. For the fabrication of the structures we utilized a combination of e-beam lithography (EBL), laser ablation, reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) and different wet etching techniques. The structures consist of a nano-net of Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> covering a micro-cavity in SiO<SUB>2</SUB> confining enough to prevent the cell body from escaping, but not so constraining that it hinders normal growth and development. Another type of presented structures consists of cavities which are connected by covered micro-channels, hence, an observation of cell-cell interactions is also possible. Advantages of these microstructures are the trapping of cells, the stabilization of the cell membrane and the precise placement of the cells for a multitude of biological investigations.
Natriuretic peptide testing: a window into the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. (2006)

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) levels can indicate a variety of heart problems, as well as general critical illness. BNP and NT-proBNP assays are useful for evaluating patients with acute dyspnea, as a low level of natriuretic peptide can help rule out congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduce reliance on echocardiography. Conversely, these assays can be particularly useful in recognizing CHF in a patient with acute dyspnea and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, clinical judgment must always be part of the evaluation of BNP or NT-proBNP assay results.
Murine Lethal Toxic Shock Caused by Intranasal Administration of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (2003)

Currently available murine staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) shock models require pretreatment with various agents to increase mouse sensitivity to SEB. This study was performed to show that C3H/HeJ mice are highly susceptible to intranasal SEB inoculation, which caused toxic shock without using pretreatment agents. For this purpose, mice were injected intranasally with different doses of SEB and observed for up to 1 month. The median lethal dose of SEB was determined using the probit procedure. Tissue samples were taken at different time points for histopathological examination. The LD(50) was found at 1.6 microg/g (95% fiducial limit (f.l.) 0.7 to 2.2), the LD(80) at 2.7 microg/g (95% f.l. 1.9 to 4.0) and the LD(90) at 3.6 microg/g (95% f.l. 2.7 to 6.4). Histopathologic examination revealed pulmonary edema and bronchopneumonia. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue first became activated, followed by increasing lymphocyte apoptosis and depletion. In the liver there were intralobular and portal inflammatory foci with increasing lymphocyte apoptosis and degenerative necrosis. The splenic white pulp was characterized by early activation and subsequent depletion of lymphoid follicle germinal centers. The thymus initially was activated, followed by increasing apoptosis and migration of lymphoid cells from the cortex to the medulla. The pathological features detected in the mice were similar to those of rhesus monkeys treated with SEB aerosol challenge.
Bilateral Implantation of Asymmetrical Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses (1999)

Bilateral implantation of asymmetrical diffractive IOLs is an effective alternative for restoring simultaneous distance and near vision with a potential for improved contrast sensitivity compared with conventional multifocal IOLs.
Abstract A010: ETS-related gene mediated androgen receptor aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in prostate cancer development (2018)

Abstract Introduction: AR-mediated activation of ETS Related Gene (ERG) represents one of the most common and validated prostate cancer driver genes. Recently, we have shown novel morphologic phenotypes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in prostate glands of ARR2PB-ERG transgenic mouse. Since AR regulates ERG expression through TMPRSS2 promoter in human prostate cancer, we continue to investigate the post-translational interactions between ERG and AR leading to ER stress and subsequently to cell survival mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms will potentially have major therapeutic implications. Methods: Light and electron microscopy were used to examine the morphologic and subcellular differences. AR aggregations, Co-IP and Proximal Ligation Assay for protein-protein interactions were studied in LNCaP, HEK293 cells. N-terminal and C-deletions of AR were utilized to identify specific AR domain interactions with ERG. Luminal cell surface markers on the isolated mouse prostate glands and spontaneously immortalized mouse prostate epithelial cells from ERG transgenic mouse (MoE1) were analyzed by FACS analysis. Results: Coexpression of ERG and AR showed significant aggregation of AR in filter assays. Co-IP experiments and PLA assays revealed that significant interactions occur through N-terminal domain of AR with ERG. Epithelial cells of ERG-Tg mouse prostates showed ~70% increase in CD49f (low) and Sca-1 (med) population with increased sphere formation capability and resistance to radiation-induced cell death. Both epithelial cells grown into spheres and established MoE1 cells displayed increased CD49f (low) and significant increase in the EpCAM negative population. Conclusions: Overall, our experiments demonstrate the mechanistic link that the physical interactions between ERG and AR lead to ER stress in prostate epithelium through AR misfolding/aggregation. Our observations of ERG-induced AR aggregation as one of the initial events that lead to ER stress and to cell survival indicate a critical function for ERG in the etiology of prostate cancer initiation and progression. Citation Format: Taduru L. Sreenath, Shiela S. Macalindong, Natallia Mikhalkevich, Shashwat Sharad, Ahmed Mohamed, Denise Young, Borbiev Talaibek, Charles Xavier, Rishita Gupta, Muhammad Jamal, Kevin Babcock, Shyh-Han Tan Tan, Marja T. Nevalainen, Albert Dobi, Gyorgy Petrovics, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Inger L. Rosner, Charles J. Bieberich, Peter Nelson, Valeri Vasioukhin, Shiv Srivastava. ETS-related gene mediated androgen receptor aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in prostate cancer development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A010.
Energy and sampling constrained asynchronous communication (2013)

The minimum energy, and, more generally, the minimum input cost, to transmit one bit of information has been recently derived for bursty communication when information is available infrequently at random times at the transmitter. This result assumes that the receiver can sample at no cost all channel outputs. Suppose now there is a cost associated to output sampling and that the receiver is constrained to observe only a fraction ρ ϵ (0, 1] of all channel outputs. What is the input cost penalty due to sparse output sampling? Remarkably, there is no penalty: regardless of ρ > 0 the asynchronous capacity per unit cost is the same as under full sampling, i.e., when ρ = 1. Moreover, there is no penalty in terms of decoding delay with respect to full sampling. This latter result relies on the possibility to sample adaptively; the next sample is a function of past samples. When sampling is non-adaptive it is possible to achieve the full sampling asynchronous capacity per unit cost, but the decoding delay gets multiplied by 1/ρ. Therefore adaptive sampling strategies are of particular interest in the very sparse sampling regime.
Wide scale CTA flight trials at Stockholm Arlanda Airport (2009)

As part of the Cassis (CTA/ATC System Integration Studies) project, 308 flight trials have been carried out at Stockholm Arlanda Airport in cooperation with Scandinavian Airlines System. The trials, which took place in low and peak traffic, highlighted the potential benefits that can be gained by assuming that aircraft can meet a controlled time of arrival (CTA) with high accuracy and by assigning that time up to 45 minutes prior to a metering point for the Stockholm Terminal Maneuvering Area. Boeing 737NG aircraft, equipped with the most advanced Flight Management Systems, could meet their assigned time with 30 second accuracy in 88% of the trials. Pilots of MD-80 aircraft, which do not have an FMS function to aid pilots in meeting CTAs, met their assigned time with 30 second accuracy in 73% of trials. An analysis of these flight trials and the potential impact of their results is carried out. A number of CTA based applications which take advantage of the aircraft's ability to meet an assigned time are proposed and evaluated. One of these applications is ldquodelay en-routerdquo, or having aircraft slow down to meet a CTA rather than performing orbital holding at a low altitude. Another application explored was ldquodelay on groundrdquo, where aircraft departing from a nearby airport were assigned a CTA prior to takeoff and could avoid eventual holdings by delaying takeoff. This paper will also present recommendations as to how CTA operations can be further developed and introduced into operations.
Body-Site Distribution of Melanocytic Nevi among Children in Lithuania (2004)

Objective: To investigate the body-site distribution of melanocytic nevi (MN) with respect to habitually and intermittently sun-exposed surfaces. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Kaunas City (latitude of 55 55min.) on a random sample of 484 children aged 1–2 years, 4–5 years, 9–10 years, and 14–15 years. Twenty six different body sites that differentiated between sun-exposed and less-exposed areas were distinguished. Site-specific counts and densities (number per square meter) of MN (all sizes and ≥2mm MN) were examined. Results: The highest density of all MN was found on the neck, compared to other sites of the body (p<0,001). The median density of MN ≥2mm remained higher on the trunk than on the neck (p<0,05) or other sites of the body (p<0,001). The feet had the lower density of MN. Both the density of MN of all sizes among 9–10 year-old and 14–15 year-old children was higher on the dorsal surface of the feet (median and inter-quartile ranges, correspondingly, 0 (0–1) and 0 (0–21)) than on the soles of the feet (median and inter-quartile ranges, 0 (0–0) in both age groups, p<0,001). Boys aged 9–10 years and 14–15 years had higher density of MN of all sizes on the neck and face, than girls (p<0,05). In contrast, girls aged 9–10 years and 14–15 years had more MN of all sizes on the lower limbs (p<0,05). 14–15 year-old boys had higher density of MN (both of all sizes and ≥2mm) on the trunk, than girls. Conclusion: Ours results suggest that MN develop preferentially on maximally sun-exposed sites in children. The anatomical distribution of malignant melanoma in adults and MN in children, the similarities deserve consideration. As sun exposure in childhood and MN are risk factors for malignant melanoma, the development of MN should be prevented as much as possible.
RF and mm-Wave Systems and Circuits for Communications and Sensing (2023)

In the last decade wireless communications experienced a nearly exponential growth. The number of connected devices exceeds the number of people on earth and the data rates can be as high as several GB/s. 5G already incorporates mm-wave frequencies. The next wave in wireless technology will be about sensing the environment and combining with communications. The applications are very versatile, like driver monitoring, autonomous driving, industry applications related to non-destructive material testing, food control and improving efficiency in agriculture. The future 6G standards will further extend the use of mm-wave bands for increasing data rates and incorporating sensing functionality. From semiconductor technology and design perspective significant progress has been made to gain speed, reliability and design flows that guarantee first-time right mm-wave circuits. This paper approaches mm-wave communications and sensing from application, system and circuit perspectives, while identifying challenges and finally showing examples how to address them from circuit perspective.
On Fundamental Limitations of Dynamic Feedback Control in Regular\n Large-Scale Networks (2017)

We study fundamental performance limitations of distributed feedback control\nin large-scale networked dynamical systems. Specifically, we address the\nquestion of whether dynamic feedback controllers perform better than static\n(memoryless) ones when subject to locality constraints. We consider distributed\nlinear consensus and vehicular formation control problems modeled over toric\nlattice networks. For the resulting spatially invariant systems we study the\nlarge-scale asymptotics (in network size) of global performance metrics that\nquantify the level of network coherence. With static feedback from relative\nstate measurements, such metrics are known to scale unfavorably in lattices of\nlow spatial dimensions, preventing, for example, a 1-dimensional string of\nvehicles to move like a rigid object. We show that the same limitations in\ngeneral apply also to dynamic feedback control that is locally of first order.\nThis means that the addition of one local state to the controller gives a\nsimilar asymptotic performance to the memoryless case. This holds unless the\ncontroller can access noiseless measurements of its local state with respect to\nan absolute reference frame, in which case the addition of controller memory\nmay fundamentally improve performance. In simulations of platoons with 20-200\nvehicles we show that the performance limitations we derive manifest as\nunwanted accordion-like motions. Similar behaviors are to be expected in any\nnetwork that is embeddable in a low-dimensional toric lattice, and the same\nfundamental limitations would apply. To derive our results, we present a\ngeneral technical framework for the analysis of stability and performance of\nspatially invariant systems in the limit of large networks.\n
Electrochemiluminescence Detection forDevelopment of Immunoassays andDNA ProbeAssaysforClinicalDiagnostics (1991)

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) hasbeen developedas a highlysensitiveprocess in whichreactivespeciesare generatedfrom stable precursors(i.e., the ECL-active label)at the surface of an electrode. Thisnewtechnology has many distinctadvantagesover other detectionsystems:no radioisotopes are used; detection limitsfor label are extremelylow (200 fmol/L);the dynamicrange for labelquantification extendsoversixordersof magnitude; the labels are extremelystable compared with those of mostother chemiluminescent systems;the labels,small molecules(-1000 Da), can be used to labelhaptensor large molecules,and multiplelabelscan be coupledto proteinsor oligonucleotides withoutaffectingimmunoreactivity,solubility,or abilityto hybridize;becausethe chemiluminescence is initiatedelectrochemically, selectivityofbound andunboundfractionscan be basedonthe abilityof labeledspeciesto accessthe electrodesurface, sothatboth separationand nonseparation assays can be set up; and measurementis simpleand rapid,requiring onlya few seconds. We illustrateECL in nonseparation immunoassays for digoxin and thyrotropin and in separation immunoassaysfor carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. The applicationof ECL fordetectionof polymerasechain reaction productsis describedand exemplifiedby quantifyingthe HIV1 gag gene.
First-order valence averaging phase transition and magnetism of europium inEu2VO4 (1999)

M\"ossbauer ${(}^{151}\mathrm{Eu})$, magnetization, resistivity, and x-ray diffraction measurements of ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{2}{\mathrm{VO}}_{4}$ at temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 550 K have been carried out. The low-temperature measurements show that in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{2}{\mathrm{VO}}_{4}$ (space group $I4/mmm)$ there are divalent and trivalent europium ions (1:1) distributed in equivalent sites. The divalent Eu ions order magnetically at ${T}_{c}$=8 K (evidenced by both M\"ossbauer and magnetization measurements) and the trivalent europium ions experience an exchange field, which produces a hyperfine field, 80 kOe, in quantitative agreement with theoretical expectations. On warming from 440 to 450 K there is an onset of fast electron hopping between ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ sites, which results in an averaging out of the M\"ossbauer spectrum. The M\"ossbauer spectra above 450 K can be fitted by assuming a sudden reduction of the activation energy to an average value of 0.33 eV, with a Gaussian or binomial distribution. The M\"ossbauer absorption area data follow a Debye curve with ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{D}$=220 K, with an anomaly at the temperature of the valence-phase transition. The phase transition is evidenced also in the resistivity measurements which show a sharp increase in conductivity at the transition temperature. Powder x-ray diffraction studies show no crystallographic phase transition at the valence averaging phase transition, however a sharp increase in lattice parameters (1.1% in c and 0.26% in a) is observed.