gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SLC7A8 is a key amino acids supplier for the metabolic programs that sustain homeostasis and activation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (2022)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are innate counterparts of T helper 2 (Th2) cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and respond to injuries through rapid interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 secretion. ILC2s depend on availability of arginine and branched-chain amino acids for sustaining cellular fitness, proliferation, and cytokine secretion in both steady state and upon activation. However, the contribution of amino acid transporters to ILC2 functions is not known. Here, we found that ILC2s selectively express <i>Slc7a8</i>, encoding a transporter for arginine and large amino acids. <i>Slc7a8</i> was expressed in ILC2s in a tissue-specific manner in steady state and was further increased upon activation. Genetic ablation of <i>Slc7a8</i> in lymphocytes reduced the frequency of ILC2s, suppressed IL-5 and IL-13 production upon stimulation, and impaired type 2 immune responses to helminth infection. Consistent with this, <i>Slc7a8-</i>deficient ILC2s also failed to induce cytokine production and recruit eosinophils in a model of allergic lung inflammation. Mechanistically, reduced amino acid availability due to <i>Slc7a8</i> deficiency led to compromised mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, as well as impaired activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and c-Myc signaling pathways. These findings identify <i>Slc7a8</i> as a key supplier of amino acids for the metabolic programs underpinning fitness and activation of ILC2s.
18F-THK5351 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies (2021)

<b>Introduction:</b> We aimed to determine whether <i>in vivo</i> tau deposits and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) detection using <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET) can assist in the differential distribution in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and whether <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 retention of lesion sites in CBS and PSP can correlate with clinical parameters. <b>Methods:</b> <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 PET was performed in 35 participants, including 7, 9, and 10 patients with CBS, PSP, and AD, respectively, and 9 age-matched normal controls. In CBS and PSP, cognitive and motor functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, and Frontal Assessment Battery, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Motor Score, and PSP Rating Scale. <b>Results:</b> <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 retention was observed in sites susceptible to disease-related pathologies in CBS, PSP, and AD. <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 uptake in the precentral gyrus clearly differentiated patients with CBS from those with PSP and AD. Furthermore, <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 uptake in the inferior temporal gyrus clearly differentiated patients with AD from those with CBS and PSP. Regional <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 retention was associated with the cognitive function in CBS and PSP. <b>Conclusion:</b> Measurement of the tau deposits and MAO-B density in the brain using <sup>18</sup>F-THK5351 may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of tauopathies and for understanding disease stages.
Polarity-dependent rejuvenation of ferroelectric properties of integrated SrBi2Ta2O9 capacitors by electrical stressing (2000)

The electric-field-induced rejuvenation behavior of the degraded ferroelectric properties of integrated Pt/SrBi2Ti2O9/Pt capacitors was investigated. Integration processes, especially plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of the passivation layers, generate hydrogen ions and electrons which act as domain pinning centers and a source of a negative internal electric field. Domain pinning was found to reduce the remanent polarization (Pr) and internal field that induces an imprint to the positive bias direction. Alternating current cyclings with peak voltages of +/−6 V rejuvenated the degraded ferroelectric performance of the capacitors. Cycling with a negative bias was more effective in fixing the damage than was a positive bias. Baking at 125 °C again degraded the rejuvenated ferroelectric performance. The degree of re-degradation was also dependent on the polarity of the rejuvenating bias. The polarity-dependent behavior of rejuvenation was explained on the basis of a negative-internal-field model due to preferential capture of electrons from the plasma at the top electrodes.
Learning to Correct Reconstructions from Multiple Views (2021)

This paper is about reducing the cost of building good large-scale 3D reconstructions post-hoc. We render 2D views of an existing reconstruction and train a convolutional neural network (CNN) that refines inverse-depth to match a higher-quality reconstruction. Since the views that we correct are rendered from the same reconstruction, they share the same geometry, so overlapping views complement each other. We take advantage of that in two ways. Firstly, we impose a loss during training which guides predictions on neighbouring views to have the same geometry and has been shown to improve performance. Secondly, in contrast to previous work, which corrects each view independently, we also make predictions on sets of neighbouring views jointly. This is achieved by warping feature maps between views and thus bypassing memory-intensive 3D computation. We make the observation that features in the feature maps are viewpoint-dependent, and propose a method for transforming features with dynamic filters generated by a multi-layer perceptron from the relative poses between views. In our experiments we show that this last step is necessary for successfully fusing feature maps between views.
Properdin Is Critical for Antibody-Dependent Bactericidal Activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae That Recruit C4b-Binding Protein (2012)

Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is an important cause of morbidity worldwide. A safe and effective vaccine against gonorrhea is needed because of emerging resistance of gonococci to almost every class of antibiotic. A gonococcal lipooligosaccharide epitope defined by the mAb 2C7 is being evaluated as a candidate for development of an Ab-based vaccine. Immune Abs against N. gonorrhoeae need to overcome several subversive mechanisms whereby gonococcus evades complement, including binding to C4b-binding protein (C4BP; classical pathway inhibitor) and factor H (alternative pathway [AP] inhibitor). The role of AP recruitment and, in particular, properdin in assisting killing of gonococci by specific Abs is the subject of this study. We show that only those gonococcal strains that bind C4BP require properdin for killing by 2C7, whereas strains that do not bind C4BP are efficiently killed by 2C7 even when AP function is blocked. C3 deposition on bacteria mirrored killing. Recruitment of the AP by mAb 2C7, as measured by factor B binding, occurred in a properdin-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed using isogenic mutant strains that differed in their ability to bind to C4BP. Immune human serum that contained bactericidal Abs directed against the 2C7 lipooligosaccharide epitope as well as murine antigonococcal antiserum required functional properdin to kill C4BP-binding strains, but not C4BP-nonbinding strains. Collectively, these data point to an important role for properdin in facilitating immune Ab-mediated complement-dependent killing of gonococcal strains that inhibit the classical pathway by recruiting C4BP.
Nascent Transcription Affected by RNA Polymerase IV inZea mays (2015)

All eukaryotes use three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) to create cellular RNAs from DNA templates. Plants have additional RNAPs related to Pol II, but their evolutionary role(s) remain largely unknown. Zea mays (maize) RNA polymerase D1 (RPD1), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), is required for normal plant development, paramutation, transcriptional repression of certain transposable elements (TEs), and transcriptional regulation of specific alleles. Here, we define the nascent transcriptomes of rpd1 mutant and wild-type (WT) seedlings using global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) to identify the broader targets of RPD1-based regulation. Comparisons of WT and rpd1 mutant GRO-seq profiles indicate that Pol IV globally affects transcription at both transcriptional start sites and immediately downstream of polyadenylation addition sites. We found no evidence of divergent transcription from gene promoters as seen in mammalian GRO-seq profiles. Statistical comparisons identify genes and TEs whose transcription is affected by RPD1. Most examples of significant increases in genic antisense transcription appear to be initiated by 3'-proximal long terminal repeat retrotransposons. These results indicate that maize Pol IV specifies Pol II-based transcriptional regulation for specific regions of the maize genome including genes having developmental significance.
NaIO4/KI/NaCl: A New Reagent System for Iodination of Activated Aromatics Through in situ Generation of Iodine Monochloride. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Addition of Allenoates to Electron‐Deficient Olefins: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl‐Substituted Glutaric Acid Derivatives. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Building Dynamic Knowledge Graphs from Text-based Games (2019)

We are interested in learning how to update Knowledge Graphs (KG) from text. In this preliminary work, we propose a novel Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) architecture to generate elementary KG operations. Furthermore, we introduce a new dataset for KG extraction built upon text-based game transitions (over 300k data points). We conduct experiments and discuss the results.
Hardware Virtualization Support In INTEL, AMD And IBM Power Processors (2009)

At present, the mostly used and developed mechanism is hardware virtualization which provides a common platform to run multiple operating systems and applications in independent partitions. More precisely, it is all about resource virtualization as the term hardware virtualization is emphasized. In this paper, the aim is to find out the advantages and limitations of current virtualization techniques, analyze their cost and performance and also depict which forthcoming hardware virtualization techniques will able to provide efficient solutions for multiprocessor operating systems. This is done by making a methodical literature survey and statistical analysis of the benchmark reports provided by SPEC (Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation) and TPC (Transaction processing Performance Council). Finally, this paper presents the current aspects of hardware virtualization which will help the IT managers of the large organizations to take effective decision while choosing server with virtualization support. Again, the future works described in section 4 of this paper focuses on some real world challenges such as abstraction of multiple servers, language level virtualization, pre-virtualization etc. which may be point of great interest for the researchers.
Loss Function Dynamics and Landscape for Deep Neural Networks Trained with Quadratic Loss (2022)

Abstract Knowledge of the loss landscape geometry makes it possible to successfully explain the behavior of neural networks, the dynamics of their training, and the relationship between resulting solutions and hyperparameters, such as the regularization method, neural network architecture, or learning rate schedule. In this paper, the dynamics of learning and the surface of the standard cross-entropy loss function and the currently popular mean squared error (MSE) loss function for scale-invariant networks with normalization are studied. Symmetries are eliminated via the transition to optimization on a sphere. As a result, three learning phases with fundamentally different properties are revealed depending on the learning step on the sphere, namely, convergence phase, phase of chaotic equilibrium, and phase of destabilized learning. These phases are observed for both loss functions, but larger networks and longer learning for the transition to the convergence phase are required in the case of MSE loss.
Bandlimits and coherent modulation filtering of non-stationary signals (2008)

Modulation filtering is a technique for filtering slowly-varying envelopes of frequency subbands of a non-stationary signal, ideally without affecting the signal's phase and fine-structure. Coherent modulation filtering is a potentially more effective subtype of such techniques where subband envelopes are determined through demodulation of the subband signal with a coherently detected subband carrier. In this paper we propose a coherent modulation filtering technique based on detecting the instantaneous frequency of a subband from its time-frequency representation. We show that coherent modulation filtering imposes a new bandlimiting constraint on the modulation product plus the ability to recover arbitrarily chosen envelopes and carriers from their modulation product. We show that a carrier estimate based on the time-varying spectral center-of-gravity satisfies the bandlimiting condition as well as Loughlin's previously derived bandlimiting constraint on the instantaneous frequency of carrier. These bandwidth constraints lead to effective and distortion-free modulation filters, offering new approaches for potential signal modification. The spectral center-of-gravity does not satisfy the condition on arbitrary recovery, however, which somewhat limits the flexibility of coherent modulation filtering. Demonstrations are provided with speech signals.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHER SALZ‐EFFEKT BEI DER BASE‐INITIIERTEN DEHYDROBENZOL‐RK. IN DIMETHYLAMIN ALS LOESUNGSMITTEL (1970)

Abstract Ein Zusatz der Salze NaNO 2 , NaSCN, KSCN oder speziell (IV) führt bei der Durchführung von Arin‐Reaktionen mit Chlorbenzol oder Chlortoluolen (I) in Dimethylamin als Lösungsmittel zu hohen Ausbeuten an Dimethylanilinen (III).
Can QCLs have a strong impact on health and environmental applications (Conference Presentation) (2023)

In this talk we will outline current applications of QCLs to environmental, diagnostics, and biomedical applications and analyze the devices’ limitations and their potential impact if some of their present weaknesses were to be addressed. The use of QCLs and Mid-IR technologies in general will be put in the context of the applications’ needs and requirements and compared with other existing and competing solutions. The broader market implications and main commercialization opportunities will be outlined.
Photonics and fracture toughness of heterogeneous composite materials (2017)

Fracture toughness measures the resistance of a material to fracture. This fundamental property is used in diverse engineering designs including mechanical, civil, materials, electronics and chemical engineering applications. In spite of the advancements made in the past 40 years, the evaluation of this remains challenging for extremely heterogeneous materials such as composite concretes. By taking advantage of the optical properties of a thin birefringent coating on the surface of opaque, notched composite concrete beams, here we sense the evolution of the maximum shear stress distribution on the beams under loading. The location of the maximum deviator stress is tracked ahead of the crack tip on the experimental concrete samples under the ultimate load, and hence the effective crack length is characterised. Using this, the fracture toughness of a number of heterogeneous composite beams is evaluated and the results compare favourably well with other conventional methods using combined experimental and numerical/analytical approaches. Finally a new model, correlating the optically measured shear stress concentration factor and flexural strength with the fracture toughness of concretes is proposed. The current photonics-based study could be vital in evaluating the fracture toughness of even opaque and complex heterogeneous materials more effectively in future.
ENDOSCOPIC ABLATION THERAPY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL SUPERFICIAL NEOPLASIA (2011)

Although we should understand that the completeness of destruction of neoplastic tissue can only be judged at follow up, endoscopic ablation is a viable alternative to endoscopic resection for dysplasia and early-stage malignancies, especially for poor candidates of surgery or endoscopic resection.
Evaluation of the Durability Potential of Silyl Terminated Polyacrylate Based Construction Sealant (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the durability potential of silyl terminated polyacrylate based construction sealants. The durability and performance of a silyl terminated polyacrylate (STPA) based construction sealant have been evaluated in comparison to a typical silyl terminated polyether (STPE) and a silicone sealant in order to demonstrate the potential of the STPA sealant as a high durability, high performance construction sealant that is also suitable for glazing applications. The polyacrylate backbone of STPA polymer has higher durability, especially UV stability and heat resistance, than the polyether one of STPE polymer as shown by accelerated weathering tests using carbon-arc or superhigh irradiance xenon-light sources. Adhesion of the STPA sealant on glass was retained even after 10,000 h exposure to superhigh irradiance xenon-light [180 W/m2 (300–400 nm)]. The performance of the STPA based sealant has been compared to that of the STPE based sealant by testing according to several industrial International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) standards. The STPA based sealant conforms to a higher durability class specification than the STPE sealant, for example, the requirements of class 10030 are passed with the STPA sealant, while the STPE sealant passes only class 9030 as stipulated in JIS A 5758. Furthermore, a cyclic movement test of the STPA based sealant in a compression-extension machine shows no damage to the sealant even after 200,000 cycles of ±40 % movement at room temperature. This performance is much better than that of sealants based on other materials, such as STPE, polyurethane, polysulfide, and silicone. These evaluations suggest a high potential of STPA based sealant as durable elastomeric joint sealant, which can be used on a glass, including photocatalytic self-cleaning glass, which functions by decomposing organic materials and by providing a superhydrophilic surface.
Heat Shock Proteins: Agents of Cancer Development and Therapeutic Targets in Anti-Cancer Therapy (2019)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of molecular chaperones classified by their molecular weights, and they include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. HSPs function in diverse physiological and protective processes to assist in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In particular, HSPs participate in protein folding and maturation processes under diverse stressors such as heat shock, hypoxia, and degradation. Notably, HSPs also play essential roles across cancers as they are implicated in a variety of cancer-related activities such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and anti-cancer drug resistance. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the functions of HSPs in association with cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis and anti-cancer therapy resistance. Moreover, the potential utilization of HSPs to enhance the effects of chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy is explored. Taken together, HSPs have multiple clinical usages as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as the potential therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatment.
Functional analyses of RET mutations in Chinese hirschsprung disease patients (2011)

The study of RET-CDS mutations that appear de novo is essential not only for understanding the mechanistic of the disease but also for penetrance and recurrence risk estimations, being the ultimate goal for the improvement in disease management and counseling.
Advances in Flotation Unit Design for Produced Water Treatment (1993)

ABSTRACT Flotation units have been widely used for the treatment of produced water both onshore and offshore. They have, however, exhibited numerous operational and performance limitations. Over the past several years, new designs for the treatment of produced water by flotation have been developed. These have resulted from years of intensive research in both the laboratory and at oil production facilities. These new designs utilize features which improve the performance and reduce the operating problems associated with conventional designs. The first design discussed is the pressurized IGF. This unit provides highly efficient removal of oil and suspended solids. It's operation improves safety because it eliminates any emission of volatile organic compounds, natural gas or hydrogen sulfide gas. The IGF resolves traditional flotation unit operating problems. These include the inability to operate under pressure, the production of large amounts of oily waste skimmings which require additional treatment, and the inability to operate on floating production facilities or tension leg platforms. The recently developed and patented design includes several features which provide improved performance. These include the use of a cylindrical pressure vessel, the incorporation of floating skimmers for oil and suspended solids removal and a unique stator assembly for the dispersion of the gas into the liquid phase. Effluent from the IGF is suitable for discharge into surface waters or subsequent treatment prior to re-injection. The unit's design does not require motor driven skimmers. It's use can eliminate the need for additional pumps thereby decreasing the energy requirements of the water treatment equipment train. A second new design which will be discussed is based on modification of an existing hydraulic induced gas flotation cell to operate as a dissolved gas flotation unit. The gas bubbles are formed by reducing the pressure of a gas saturated produced water stream. This produces a fine bubble dispersion which has been shown to remove smaller oil droplets than does conventional equipment. This patented process, called Hybrid Gas Flotation, allows for increased throughputs and improved effluent quality.
Some new numeric results concerning the Witsenhausen Counterexample (2018)

The Witsenhausen counterexample has been studied for decades as an elemental example of a challenging decentralized stochastic control problem. Its nonclassical information pattern induces an implicit need for controllers to ‘communicate’ (i.e., reduce uncertainty for another) via appropriate control actions. Nonlinear control strategies are required to do this well, but finding them is nontrivial since the problem is not convex. This paper uses contemporary neural-network toolkits to revisit this problem numerically and explore what makes it challenging. We find that without appropriately biasing the architecture to favor the kinds of solutions (”slopey quantizers”) that are believed to be nearly optimal, ample local minima make it hard to chance upon good solutions. Furthermore, inspired by earlier work that suggested that vector-versions of the counterexample should be easier to understand, we see numerically that indeed by going to even 2D, we can get better performance than the best known in 1D.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Exploring the Biomechanical Properties of Brain Malignancies and Their Pathologic Determinants <i>In Vivo</i> with Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Representative Luxol Fast Blue staining for myelin fibres within intracranial U-87 MG, RG2 and MDA-MB-231 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;