gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of determinations of lysosomal hydrolases in CSF of patients with neurological diseases (1978)

The activities of four lysosomal acid hydrolases, beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase at pH 4.5 and 5.5, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase, have been measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 179 patients with different neurological diseases and from 20 healthy controls. In patients with tumours, decreased activity of beta-galactosidase was found in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and in patients with multiple sclerosis and collagen diseases, decreased activities of beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were found in cerebrospinal fluid. The variations of enzyme activities were great between the individual patients even with these groups and analysis of lysosomal enzymes seems to have a very poor clinical value.
TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES POSSESSING A PHASE TRANSFER FUNCTION. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYETHER-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINES AND THEIR PALLADIUM COMPLEXES (1982)

Abstract For the purpose of endowing transition metal phosphine complexes with a phase transfer function, tertiary phosphines modified by polyether chains were prepared, and their properties were examined. The palladium complexes of these phosphines were very efficient as catalysts for the reduction of bromobenzene with sodium hydride under a liquid–solid two-phase condition.
Structural variation in the antithrombin III binding site region and its occurrence in heparin from different sources (1990)

A tetrasaccharide possessing a biosynthetically permissible structural variability in and adjacent to the antithrombin III (ATIII) binding site has been isolated from heparin lyase depolymerized bovine lung heparin by using strong anion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC). On the basis of two-dimensional 500-MHz 1H NMR experiments, including phase-sensitive correlated spectroscopy (COSY) and rotating frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY), and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), the primary structure of this tetrasaccharide was unambiguously established as delta UAp2S (1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNp2S6S(1----4)-beta-D-GlcAp(1----4)-alph a-D-GlcNp2S3S6S (where delta UA represents 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid). The 1H NMR ROESY experiment proved to be particularly valuable in offering sequence information. Heparins from a variety of species and tissue sources were examined by oligosaccharide mapping using SAX-HPLC and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two of these heparins are used as anticoagulants; they are porcine intestinal mucosal heparin and bovine lung heparin. The predominant ATIII-binding site in porcine heparin contained an N-acetylated glucosamine residue. We now report the structure of the predominant ATIII-binding site in bovine heparin as----4)-alpha-D-GlcNp2S6S(1----4)-beta-D-GlcAp(1----4)-alph a-D- GlcNp2S3S6S(1----4)-alpha-L-IdoAp2S(1----4)-alpha-D-GlcNp 2S6S(1----. This study shows the presence of one or both types of ATIII-binding-site variants in all of the heparins that were examined.
Detecting the Psychosis Prodrome Across High-Risk Populations Using Neuroanatomical Biomarkers (2014)

To date, the MRI-based individualized prediction of psychosis has only been demonstrated in single-site studies. It remains unclear if MRI biomarkers generalize across different centers and MR scanners and represent accurate surrogates of the risk for developing this devastating illness. Therefore, we assessed whether a MRI-based prediction system identified patients with a later disease transition among 73 clinically defined high-risk persons recruited at two different early recognition centers. Prognostic performance was measured using cross-validation, independent test validation, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Transition outcomes were correctly predicted in 80% of test cases (sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 85%, positive likelihood ratio: 5.1). Thus, given a 54-month transition risk of 45% across both centers, MRI-based predictors provided a 36%-increase of prognostic certainty. After stratifying individuals into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups using the predictor's decision score, the high- vs low-risk groups had median psychosis-free survival times of 5 vs 51 months and transition rates of 88% vs 8%. The predictor's decision function involved gray matter volume alterations in prefrontal, perisylvian, and subcortical structures. Our results support the existence of a cross-center neuroanatomical signature of emerging psychosis enabling individualized risk staging across different high-risk populations. Supplementary results revealed that (1) potentially confounding between-site differences were effectively mitigated using statistical correction methods, and (2) the detection of the prodromal signature considerably depended on the available sample sizes. These observations pave the way for future multicenter studies, which may ultimately facilitate the neurobiological refinement of risk criteria and personalized preventive therapies based on individualized risk profiling tools.
Expression of the Smad3 Transgene Restores Radiosensitivity and Migratory Capacity to a Smad3−/− Clonal Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Line. (2005)

Abstract An intact Smad3 gene product is critical for a functioning signal transduction pathway following TGF binding to the TGF-β receptor. We have previously established Smad3−/− and Smad3+/+ long term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) and isolated clonal bone marrow stromal cell lines from each. The Smad3−/− cells were smaller in size but had a faster cell doubling time (24 hours compared to 48 hours) and increased saturation density compared to +/+ cells (15.3 ± 1.0 x 105 cells/25 mm2 flask compared to 3.8 ± 0.1 x 105, p = 0.003). The plating efficiency of the lines was similar (18.3 ± 2.7 compared to 15.5 ± 1.7, p = 0.417). We transfected the Smad3−/− cell line with a retrovirus containing the Smad3 transgene, and selected a subclone expressing the transgene mRNA, designated Smad3−/−(3). Smad3−/−(3) cells were increased in size to that of Smad3+/+ cells, and showed decreased cell saturation density. Using the Cytoworks computer controlled cell tracking Bioreactor, we measured the migration of each clonal line. Tissue culture wells of 100 cells per well were followed for 5 days tracking each cell in quadruplicate wells per cell line. Smad3+/+ cells migrated significantly faster over 5 days in culture compared to Smad3−/− cells. (The average velocities were 0.62 μm/min for Smad3+/+ and 0.36 μm/min for Smad3−/−, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Over 5 days, the average velocities for Smad3+/+ cells were 0.51, 0.51, 0.52, 0.72, 0.91 μm/min, and for Smad3−/− cells were 0.28, 0.38, 0.41, 0.37, 0.35 μm/min. The 5 p-values comparing these cell lines were all &amp;lt;0.0001. The 7 day clonagenic irradiation survival curve showed that Smad3+/+ and Smad3−/−(3) cells were significantly more sensitive (D0 = 1.75 ± 0.03 and 1.51 ± 0.07 Gy, respectively) compared to the Smad3−/− cell line (D0 = 2.43 ± 0.06 Gy, p=0.0016 and 0.0103). These results demonstrate a concordance of radioresistance and decreased migratory capacity in bone marrow stromal cells devoid of a functioning Smad3 gene product, and restoration of both properties following overexpression of the transgene product. These data may help explain the decreased radiation fibrosis observed in Smad3−/− mice.
Receptor regulation of osmolyte homeostasis in neural cells (2010)

The capacity of cells to correct their volume in response to hyposmotic stress via the efflux of inorganic and organic osmolytes is well documented. However, the ability of cell-surface receptors, in particular G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to regulate this homeostatic mechanism has received much less attention. Mechanisms that underlie the regulation of cell volume are of particular importance to cells in the central nervous system because of the physical restrictions of the skull and the adverse impact that even small increases in cell volume can have on their function. Increases in brain volume are seen in hyponatraemia, which can arise from a variety of aetiologies and is the most frequently diagnosed electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. In this review we summarize recent evidence that the activation of GPCRs facilitates the volume-dependent efflux of osmolytes from neural cells and permits them to more efficiently respond to small, physiologically relevant, reductions in osmolarity. The characteristics of receptor-regulated osmolyte efflux, the signalling pathways involved and the physiological significance of receptor activation are discussed. In addition, we propose that GPCRs may also regulate the re-uptake of osmolytes into neural cells, but that the influx of organic and inorganic osmolytes is differentially regulated. The ability of neural cells to closely regulate osmolyte homeostasis through receptor-mediated alterations in both efflux and influx mechanisms may explain, in part at least, why the brain selectively retains its complement of inorganic osmolytes during chronic hyponatraemia, whereas its organic osmolytes are depleted.
Diagnosis and treatment of coronary vulnerable plaques (2008)

Thin-capped fibroatheroma is the morphology that most resembles plaque rupture. Detection of these vulnerable plaques in vivo is essential to being able to study their natural history and evaluate potential treatment modalities and, therefore, may ultimately have an important impact on the prevention of acute myocardial infarction and death. Currently, conventional grayscale intravascular ultrasound, virtual histology and palpography data are being collected with the same catheter during the same pullback. A combination of this catheter with either thermography capability or additional imaging, such as optical coherence tomography or spectroscopy, would be an exciting development. Intravascular magnetic resonance imaging also holds much promise. To date, none of the techniques described above have been sufficiently validated and, most importantly, their predictive value for adverse cardiac events remains elusive. Very rigorous and well-designed studies are compelling for defining the role of each diagnostic modality. Until we are able to detect in vivo vulnerable plaques accurately, no specific treatment is warranted.
Trunk Muscle Electromyographic Activity With Unstable and Unilateral Exercises (2005)

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effect of unstable and unilateral resistance exercises on trunk muscle activation. Eleven subjects (6 men and 5 women) between 20 and 45 years of age participated. Six trunk exercises, as well as unilateral and bilateral shoulder and chest presses against resistance, were performed on stable (bench) and unstable (Swiss ball) bases. Electromyographic activity of the upper lumbar, lumbosacral erector spinae, and lower-abdominal muscles were monitored. Instability generated greater activation of the lower-abdominal stabilizer musculature (27.9%) with the trunk exercises and all trunk stabilizers (37.7-54.3%) with the chest press. There was no effect of instability on the shoulder press. Unilateral shoulder press produced greater activation of the back stabilizers, and unilateral chest press resulted in higher activation of all trunk stabilizers, when compared with bilateral presses. Regardless of stability, the superman exercise was the most effective trunk-stabilizer exercise for back-stabilizer activation, whereas the side bridge was the optimal exercise for lower-abdominal muscle activation. Thus, the most effective means for trunk strengthening should involve back or abdominal exercises with unstable bases. Furthermore, trunk strengthening can also occur when performing resistance exercises for the limbs, if the exercises are performed unilaterally.
Mechanism of Genetically-Regulated Response to Bacillus- Calmette Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer (2020)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; In this study, we investigated host response to Bacillus-Calmette Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy using the murine MM45T bladder tumor cell line. BALB/c (Bcgs allele) and BALB/c.CD2 (CD2) (Bcgr allele) mice were seeded subcutaneously with MM45T cells. Treatment began on day 7 with intra-tumor injections of BCG. Significant decreases in tumor growth in BALB/c (p &lt; 0.05) but not in the CD2 (p = NS) mice were observed 6, 10 and 14 days following treatment. Investigation of the mechanism(s) underlining the difference in the response between the two strains of mice revealed key points, namely: (i) Intraperitoneal injection of BCG led to a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in the number of cells recovered 14 days later by peritoneal lavage (in million cells: 5.1 ± 0.7 vs 9.5 ± 0.3 in BALB/c and 5.3 ± 0.4 vs 7.0 ± 0.4 in CD2, PBS vs BCG). (ii) Compositional analysis of the lavages following BCG injection indicated a significant increase in the lymphocyte/macrophage ratio in BALB/c mice as compared to CD2 mice (p &lt; 0.05). (iii) Activated peritoneal macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO) was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in BALB/c than in CD2 (26.8 ± 1.6 vs 38.3 ± 0.7 uM of nitrite respectively) when challenged with lipopolysaccharide. (iv) No difference in the in vitro cytotoxicity against MM45T cells was observed between BALB/c and CD2 macrophages. Our results suggest that differences in the composition of monocytes infiltrating the site of BCG treatment and in the release of substances such as NO by macrophages may be key determinants of the response to BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Synthesis and Properties of Covalently Bonded Layered Silicates/Polyimide (BTDA-ODA) Nanocomposites (2002)

Covalently bonded layered silicates/polyimide (BTDA-ODA) nanocomposites have been synthesized from γ-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) grafted kenyaite and poly(amic acid). The existence of covalent bonds between APTS and silicates and between APTS and the dianhydride end groups of the polymer have been confirmed by solid-state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The thermal, mechanical, and moistureabsorption retardation properties of these nanocomposites were found to improve substantially over those of neat BTDA-ODA. In particular, a maximum increase of 36 °C in the degradation temperature and a maximum reduction of 54% in moisture absorption are displayed by these nanocomposites.
Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections: Presence of Integrons, Risk Factors, and Outcome (2007)

A prospective observational study was conducted to identify factors associated with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by integron-carrying Enterobacteriaceae and to evaluate the clinical significance of integron carriage. Consecutive patients with Enterobacteriaceae BSIs were identified and followed up until discharge or death. Identification of blood isolates and susceptibility testing were performed by the Wider I automated system. int-1-specific PCR, conserved-segment PCR, and DNA sequencing were used to determine the presence, length, and content of integrons. The relatedness among the isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Two hundred fifty episodes of Enterobacteriaceae BSI occurred in 233 patients; 109 (43.6%) were nosocomial, 82 (32.8%) were community acquired, and 59 (23.6%) were health care associated. Integrons were detected in 11 (13.4%) community-acquired, 24 (40.7%) health care-associated, and 46 (42.2%) nosocomial isolates. Integron-carrying organisms were more likely to exhibit resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials (odds ratio [OR], 9.84; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.31 to 18.23; P < 0.001) or to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (OR, 5.75; 95% CI, 2.38 to 13.89; P < 0.001) or a VIM-type metallo-beta-lactamase (P, 0.003). Inter- or intraspecies integron transfer and cross-transmission of integron-carrying clones were observed. Use of cotrimoxazole (OR, 4.77; 95% CI, 1.81 to 12.54; P < 0.001) and a nosocomial or other health care setting (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.30 to 7.22; P, 0.01) were independently associated with BSIs caused by integron-carrying Enterobacteriaceae. Patients with a nonurinary source of bacteremia (OR, 9.46; 95% CI, 2.77 to 32.32; P < 0.001) and a Pitt bacteremia score of > or =4 (OR, 23.36; 95% CI, 7.97 to 68.44; P < 0.001) had a significantly higher 14-day mortality rate, whereas integron carriage did not affect clinical outcomes. These findings may have implications affecting antibiotic policies and infection control measures.
Group B streptococcal long-chain reaction (1977)

The streptococcal long-chain reaction was adapted for the measurement of type-specific antibodies to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBBHS). Rabbit antisera incubated with homologous but not heterologous GBBHS produced chains that were 18 to 33 times longer than chains produced by normal rabbit sera. The long chains were easily apparent, in most instances, by scanning the slides. Human sera with mouse protective and opsonic activity against GBBHS serotype Ia produced chains that were always significantly longer than those produced by incubation in nonimmune human sera. Absorption of rabbit or human sera with homologous but not heterologous organisms inhibited the capacity to induce the formation of long chains. The long-chain assay is a simple, rapid, and reproducible test that could constitute a valuable tool for the rapid identification of anti-GBBHS antibodies.
Underlying Histopathology Determines Response to Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Primary Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2020)

Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) are key players in the progression of kidney diseases. PTEC studies to date have primarily used mouse models and transformed human PTEC lines. However, the translatability of these models to human kidney disease has been questioned. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional response of human primary PTEC to oxidative stress, an established driver of kidney disease. Furthermore, we examined the functional contribution of the underlying histopathology of the cortical tissue used to generate our PTEC. We demonstrated that human primary PTEC from both histologically 'normal' and 'diseased' cortical tissue responded to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress with significantly elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels, DNA damage, and significantly decreased proliferation. The functional response of 'normal' PTEC to oxidative stress mirrored the reported pathogenesis of human kidney disease, with significantly attenuated mitochondrial function and increased cell death. In contrast, 'diseased' PTEC were functionally resistant to oxidative stress, with maintenance of mitochondrial function and cell viability. This selective survival of 'diseased' PTEC under oxidizing conditions is reminiscent of the in vivo persistence of maladaptive PTEC following kidney injury. We are now exploring the impact that these differential PTEC responses have in the therapeutic targeting of oxidative stress pathways.
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1996)

Despite progress over the past three decades, most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with conventional chemotherapy alone relapse and die of recurrent leukemia. Treatments used to improve outcome include allogeneic (alloBMT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Indications for transplantation and the relative merits of alloBMT and ABMT remain unclear. In this review, we evaluate evidence supporting a role of ABMT in AML and compare the results with outcomes after alloBMT. In addition, we discuss areas of controversy including the optimal timing for ABMT, the role of bone marrow purging, the place of peripheral blood stem cell collection, the high dose regimen, and post-transplant immunotherapy to reduce relapse.
Understanding the ‘differentiated consumer’ in public services (2009)

‘Choice’ and ‘voice’ have become watchwords of current policy and provision in public services. Evidence points to choice serving as an important incentive for promoting quality, efficiency, and equity in public services, and in many cases more effectively than relying solely or largely upon alternative mechanisms such as ‘voice’. This chapter argues that both choice and voice have their merits, based on the need which users identify for ensuring that providers listen to what they have to say. While notions of choice invite images of public service users ‘shopping around’ for the best provider, the best appointment time, the best housing, and so on, there are different elements to people’s relationships with the public services they use, which mean that it is ‘not like shopping’.
Learning query-class dependent weights in automatic video retrieval (2004)

Combining retrieval results from multiple modalities plays a crucial role for video retrieval systems, especially for automatic video retrieval systems without any user feedback and query expansion. However, most of current systems only utilize query independent combination or rely on explicit user weighting. In this work, we propose using query-class dependent weights within a hierarchial mixture-of-expert framework to combine multiple retrieval results. We first classify each user query into one of the four predefined categories and then aggregate the retrieval results with query-class associated weights, which can be learned from the development data efficiently and generalized to the unseen queries easily. Our experimental results demonstrate that the performance with query-class dependent weights can considerably surpass that with the query independent weights.