gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non‐aqueous Dyeing (2015)

Although dyes are most commonly applied to textile fibres in the form of molecular or ionic solution in water, media other than water have been used in dye application, namely, air, as employed in the vapour-phase dyeing of hydrophobic fibres using disperse dyes (aka thermosol dyeing) as well as liquid non-aqueous solvents (aka solvent dyeing) and supercritical carbon dioxide. In essence, the primary focus of each of these three, non-aqueous-based approaches to dyeing has been the application of disperse dyes to polyester (PES), although other classes of dye and other fibre types have been considered. Although thermofixation can be used for the application of both vat dyes and azoic colorants and to hydrophobic fibres other than PES, utilisation of the process is restricted to the application of disperse dyes to PES and PES/cellulosic fibre blends.
Extrapancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (2011)

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, an uncommon, intriguing, low-grade malignant tumor of the pancreas, can exceptionally occur in extrapancreatic sites. We report 1 such case occurring as an ovarian primary in a 25-year-old woman, who presented with abdominal fullness. She remained well 12 years after resection of the 1.7-kg right ovarian tumor. Histologically, the tumor showed a solid, dehiscent, and pseudopapillary growth, traversed by fibrous septa and arborizing blood vessels. The polygonal tumor cells had round nuclei, fine chromatin, and lightly eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. In certain areas, eosinophilic hyaline globules were present. On immunostaining, the tumor cells were positive for β-catenin (nuclear translocation), CD10, CD56, and synaptophysin (focal), and were negative for cytokeratin, E-cadherin, and chromogranin. The morphologic and immunohistochemical features were compatible with those of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Review of the literature uncovered 10 cases of extrapancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm with adequate data for analysis. They were seen to occur predominantly in young female patients, who presented with a large tumor mass, similar to their pancreatic counterparts. The most common sites of occurrence were the mesocolon (with ectopic pancreatic tissue) and ovary. Awareness of the existence of this tumor in various extrapancreatic sites is essential to avoid misdiagnosis.
The Opioid System and Brain Development: Effects of Methadone on the Oligodendrocyte Lineage and the Early Stages of Myelination (2014)

Oligodendrocytes express opioid receptors throughout development, but the role of the opioid system in myelination remains poorly understood. This is a significant problem as opioid use and abuse continue to increase in two particular populations: pregnant addicts (in whom drug effects could target early myelination in the fetus and newborn) and adolescents and young adults (in whom late myelination of 'higher-order' regions takes place). Maintenance treatments for opioid addicts include the long-lasting opioids methadone and buprenorphine. Similar to our previous findings on the effects of buprenorphine, we have now found that early myelination in the developing rat brain is also altered by perinatal exposure to therapeutic doses of methadone. Pups exposed to this drug exhibited elevated brain levels of the 4 major splicing variants of myelin basic protein, myelin proteolipid protein, and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Consistent with the enrichment and function of these proteins in mature myelin, analysis of the corpus callosum in these young animals also indicated an elevated number of axons with already highly compacted myelin sheaths. Moreover, studies in cultured cells showed that methadone exerts direct effects at specific stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage, stimulating the proliferation of progenitor cells while on the other hand accelerating the maturation of the more differentiated but still immature preoligodendrocytes. While the long-term effects of these observations remain unknown, accelerated or increased oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination could both disrupt the complex sequence of synchronized events leading to normal connectivity in the developing brain. Together with our previous observations on the effects of buprenorphine, the present findings further underscore a crucial function of the endogenous opioid system in the control of oligodendrocyte development and the timing of myelination. Interference with these regulatory systems by opioid use or maintenance treatments could disrupt the normal process of brain maturation at critical stages of myelin formation.
Fast acquisition method for DS-CDMA systems employing asynchronous base stations (2003)

There has been significant interest in cellular systems employing direct sequence CDMA, with no synchronization requirement between base-stations (BS), especially in the context of the so-called third generation wireless systems. In this case, since neighboring BS use different spreading sequences, the mobile must first determine the spreading sequence being used by the base station(s) from which the mobile receives sufficiently strong signals. To facilitate acquisition, the total set of spreading sequences is divided into groups, and the group identification is transmitted over a synchronization channel. This paper describes a novel mechanism for transmitting the group ID using cyclically permutable (CP) codes; this scheme results in significant reduction in the search space, allowing for rapid acquisition. The technique described is currently a component of the ARIB and ETSI proposals to the ITU, for third generation wireless systems (IMT-2000).
Performance limitations of compressive sensing for millimeter wave imaging (2010)

The authors present an analysis of compressive sensing (CS) as applied to millimeter wave and optical imaging systems, showing that the technique inherently reduces detection efficiency due to reflection and diffraction effects of the underlying electromagnetics. The results show that single-detector imaging approaches that rely on simultaneous detection of multiple spatial modes (i.e., image pixels) require an electrically large detector to maintain high detection efficiency.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering of gold nanoparticles supported on copper foil with graphene as a nanometer gap (2016)

Gaps with single-nanometer dimensions (<10 nm) between metallic nanostructures enable giant local field enhancements for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Monolayer graphene is an ideal candidate to obtain a sub-nanometer gap between plasmonic nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method to achieve a sub-nanometer gap by dewetting a gold film supported on monolayer graphene grown on copper foil. The Cu foil can serve as a low-loss plasmonically active metallic film that supports the imaginary charge oscillations, while the graphene can not only create a stable sub-nanometer gap for massive plasmonic field enhancements but also serve as a chemical enhancer. We obtained higher SERS enhancements in this graphene-gapped configuration compared to those in Au nanoparticles on Cu film or on graphene-SiO2-Si. Also, the Raman signals measured maintained their fine features and intensities over a long time period, indicating the stability of this Au-graphene-Cu hybrid configuration as an SERS substrate.
A 32‐channel receive array coil for bilateral breast imaging and spectroscopy at 7T (2020)

The improvements achieved demonstrate the clear potential for use in dynamic contrast-enhanced or diffusion-weighted MR studies, while maintaining diagnostically relevant spatial and temporal resolutions.
Student self-reported communication skills, knowledge and confidence across standardised patient, virtual and traditional clinical learning environments (2016)

Participants self-reported higher communication skill, knowledge and confidence, though not empathy, following a brief placement in a virtual, standardised or traditional learning environment. The self-reported increases were consistent across the three placement types. It is proposed that the findings from this study provide support for the integration of more sustainable, standardised, virtual patient-based placement models into allied health training programs for the training of communication skills.
Strain-field relationships in rare-earth iron alloys (1984)

We have measured large scale strain as a function of field and external stress in two rare-earth iron alloys. From this data we calculate the external work and find it modified by various defects. The defects are characterized by a single parameter, T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> . A large scale figure-of-merit is found that exceeds that of hydraulics or electric motors.
Channel Fragmentation in Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems - a Theoretical Study (2010)

Dynamic Spectrum Access systems exploit temporarily available spectrum (`white spaces') and can spread transmissions over a number of non-contiguous sub-channels. Such methods are highly beneficial in terms of spectrum utilization. However, excessive fragmentation degrades performance and hence off-sets the benefits. Thus, there is a need to study these processes so as to determine how to ensure acceptable levels of fragmentation. Hence, we present experimental and analytical results derived from a mathematical model. We model a system operating at capacity serving requests for bandwidth by assigning a collection of gaps (sub-channels) with no limitations on the fragment size. Our main theoretical result shows that even if fragments can be arbitrarily small, the system does not degrade with time. Namely, the average total number of fragments remains bounded. Within the very difficult class of dynamic fragmentation models (including models of storage fragmentation), this result appears to be the first of its kind. Extensive experimental results describe behavior, at times unexpected, of fragmentation under different algorithms. Our model also applies to dynamic linked-list storage allocation, and provides a novel analysis in that domain. We prove that, interestingly, the 50% rule of the classical (non-fragmented) allocation model carries over to our model. Overall, the paper provides insights into the potential behavior of practical fragmentation algorithms.
Structural Analysis (2021)

A useful approach to analysis and design for large-scale, nonlinear problems is structural analysis. Structural analysis can be used to assess detectability and isolability properties of a model, determine where to put sensors to achieve required performance and also to aid the design of nonlinear residual generators and fault detectors. This chapter introduces basic concepts for structural analysis. First, it defines how the structure of a model can be represented by a graph. Then a graph-theoretic algorithm called Dulmage–Mendelsohn decomposition is introduced, which is fundamental for analyzing diagnostic properties of models. Then, techniques for diagnosability analysis of models and efficient algorithms for finding all testable submodels in a system are explained. The chapter describes an approach for computing a characterization of all possible sets of sensors that meets the requirements, from a given model and specified detectability and isolability performance specification.
Immobilized catalysts. XX. Macrokinetics of processes on supported bifunctional metal systems (1986)

A qualitative study on bifunctional immobilized catalysts was carried out in the case of the dimerization of ethylene with subsequent copolymerization with 1butene. A unidimensional steady-state model was examined for diffusional transfer using formal reaction rate equations. The effect of change in the system parameters in a broad range of copolymer compositions is demonstrated.
Terahertz Polarization Splitters Based on Total and Partial Coupling in Dual Slotted Core Polymer Fiber: Comparison and Analysis (2017)

Two terahertz (THz) polarization splitters based on dual slotted core polymer fiber are proposed and numerically investigated. The splitter structures are based on dual cores composed of subwavelength-scale air slots that are independently suspended within the fiber, which not only allows for single-mode propagation for the two orthogonal polarization modes with low absorption losses but enables them to couple with each other as well. Polarization splitters based on both symmetric and asymmetric dual slotted core structures, respectively, based on total and partial coupling are proposed and analyzed. The transmission modes, splitting lengths, and pertinent performance parameters of the two polarization splitters are investigated and numerically analyzed at a center-frequency of 1.0 THz. Comparisons of the two splitters with similar structural parameters are also carried out, which shows a comparably short splitting length of ∼1 cm and an ultra-low transmission loss of 0.4 dB with the asymmetric structure having a broader bandwidth and better extinction ratios.
Airline Schedule Planning: Accomplishments and Opportunities (2004)

Plagued by high labor costs, low profitability margins, airspace and airport congestion, high capital and operating costs, security and safety concerns, and complex and large-scale management and operations decisions, the airline industry has armed its planners with sophisticated optimization tools to improve decision making and increase airline profits. In this paper, we describe optimization approaches for airline schedule planning, demonstrating how optimization can facilitate the management of a diverse and finite set of expensive, highly constrained resources. We focus on the art and science of modeling and solving these problems, providing illustrative examples of the associated impacts and challenges, and highlighting effective techniques that might be applicable to problems arising in other industries.
INABILITY OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS TO ANTAGONIZE THE CUEING PROPERTIES OF COCAINE IN RATS (1998)

In this study the possible antagonistic effects of five different antipsychotics on the discriminative stimulus properties of 10 mg/kg cocaine were evaluated by use of a two-lever food-reinforced drug discrimination procedure in rats. To do so, rats were treated with several doses of haloperidol, risperidone, seroquel, sertindole, and olanzapine, either at 60 or 120 min prior to testing. With all compounds tested, no substantial antagonism of the cocaine cue was observed. Only with haloperidol (maximum 60%), risperidone (maximal 20%), and olanzapine (maximal 20%) a partial antagonism without clearcut dose-response was observed. Clozapine, seroquel, and sertindole did not influence the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. These results indicate that antipsychotics with different pharmacological profiles are unable to antagonize more than partially the cueing properties of 10 mg/kg cocaine in rats, pointing to the unique underlying stimulus properties of this stimulant.
LDL = 5: Virtues and Dangers of Multidrug Therapy of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (2009)

Multiple-drug therapy of dyslipidemia is frequently used to achieve treatment goals in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease. The authors report a case of a patient treated with a statin, fibrate, ezetimibe, and niacin in whom a calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 5 mg/dL was achieved.
SFRP1 promoter methylation and its contribution to endometrial tumorigenesis (2007)

B137 Purpose: The secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) encodes a wnt/beta-catenin signalling antagonist and is frequently inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in tumors. We hypothesized that epigenetic inactivation of SFRP1 may be causally involved in the development of endometrial cancer. We undertook a study to examine the contribution of SFRP1 promoter methylation and its association with tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) status among patients with endometrial carcinomas of the endometriod type.  Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of endometrial adenocarcinomas and matched normal tissue specimens were obtained from patients (n=56) and DNA was extracted from microdissected specimens enriched for tumor and normal cell populations. MSI status was determined using five National Cancer Institute (NCI) consensus panel markers and the methylation status of SFRP1 promoter was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (MSPCR) assay of sodium bisulfite treated DNA obtained from these specimens. Beta-catenin expression was assessed in a subset of endometrial tumors by immunohistochemistry.  Results: We found that a majority of tumors (87%) show some degree of SFRP1 promoter methylation at the region examined, however 16% of tumors showed exclusive hypermethylation in tumors. There were 30 MSS and 26 MSI endometrial cancer cases. No significant correlation was observed with either tumor MSI status or with strong nuclear beta-catenin expression.  Conclusion: Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP1 is a common event in endometrial cancer. It is possible that for a small subset of cases, SFRP1 promoter hypermethylation may play a role in tumorigenesis either through Wnt or an alternative pathway.
Liver Adaptation and Injury in Alcoholism (1973)

HEPATIC changes are very common in alcoholics, and their development is determined both by the amount and by the duration of ethanol intake.1 The questions most frequently asked are whether these changes are truly caused by alcohol itself or merely by the associated malnutrition, and, if alcohol does have direct effects on the liver, whether they are all injurious, or whether some can be considered adaptive. Regarding the first question, a number of studies conducted over the last 10 years by me and my associates have shown that although nutritional factors are undoubtedly involved, alcohol itself has to be incriminated . . .
Unravelling the Structure of the Tetrahedral Metal-Binding Site in METP3 through an Experimental and Computational Approach (2021)

Understanding the structural determinants for metal ion coordination in metalloproteins is a fundamental issue for designing metal binding sites with predetermined geometry and activity. In order to achieve this, we report in this paper the design, synthesis and metal binding properties of METP3, a homodimer made up of a small peptide, which self assembles in the presence of tetrahedrally coordinating metal ions. METP3 was obtained through a redesign approach, starting from the previously developed METP molecule. The undecapeptide sequence of METP, which dimerizes to house a Cys<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral binding site, was redesigned in order to accommodate a Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub> site. The binding properties of METP3 were determined toward different metal ions. Successful assembly of METP3 with Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), in the expected 2:1 stoichiometry and tetrahedral geometry was proven by UV-visible spectroscopy. CD measurements on both the free and metal-bound forms revealed that the metal coordination drives the peptide chain to fold into a turned conformation. Finally, NMR data of the Zn(II)-METP3 complex, together with a retrostructural analysis of the Cys-X-X-His motif in metalloproteins, allowed us to define the model structure. All the results establish the suitability of the short METP sequence for accommodating tetrahedral metal binding sites, regardless of the first coordination ligands.
Author Correction: The use of Leaf Surface Contact Cues During Oviposition Explains Field Preferences in the Willow Sawfly Nematus Oligospilus (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Current Concepts of Autoimmune Exocrinopathy: Immunologic Mechanisms in the Salivary Pathology of Sjögren's Syndrome (1996)

Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by symptoms of oral and ocular dryness and a chronic, progressive loss of salivary and lacrimal function. The exocrine involvement is the result of a focal, peri-ductal mononuclear cell infiltrate and the subsequent loss of secretory epithelial cells. The mechanisms of this autoimmune exocrinopathy are not understood fully. Many recent investigations have described alterations in a number of immune mediators within the salivary glands. These studies provide new insights into the immune regulation of normal salivary gland functions and the mechanisms of gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome.
A nuclear survey instrument with imaging capability (1992)

A nuclear survey instrument with an imaging capability is being developed for remotely locating high-level radioactive sources with minimal operator exposure. It combines an image of the distribution of radioactivity with a video image of the area containing the source. allowing rapid remote location of the source. The nuclear imaging system is based on a position sensitive photomultiplier tube and a diverging hole collimator. The design and measured performance of a prototype device are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of aged garlic extract and endurance exercise on skeletal muscle FNDC-5 and circulating irisin in high-fat-diet rat models (2014)

Our results suggest that the protection against HFD-induced increases in body fat/weight and insulin resistance that are provided by AGE supplementation and exercise training may not be mediated by the regulation of FNDC-5 or irisin.
Induction of autophagy mitigates TDP-43 pathology and translational repression of neurofilament mRNAs in mouse models of ALS/FTD (2020)

Abstract Background: TDP-43 proteinopathy is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). So far, there is no therapy available for these neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy on neuronal translational profile remains unknown. Methods: Biochemical, immunohistology and assay-based studies were done with cell cultures and transgenic mice models. We also used a Ribotag approach combined with microarray and proteomic analyses to investigate the neuronal translational profiles in mouse model of ALS/FTD. Results: Here, we report that oral administration of a novel analog (IMS-088) of withaferin-A, an antagonist of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) essential modulator (NEMO), induces autophagy and reduced TDP-43 proteinopathy in the brain and spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing human TDP-43 mutants, models of ALS/FTD. Treatment with IMS-088 ameliorated cognitive impairment, reduced gliosis in the brain of ALS/FTD mouse models. With the Ribotrap method, we investigated the impact of TDP-43 proteinopathy and IMS-088 treatment on the translation profile of neurons of one-year old hTDP-43 A315T mice. TDP-43 proteinopathy caused translational dysregulation of specific mRNAs including translational suppression of neurofilament mRNAs resulting in 3 to 4-fold decrease in levels type IV neurofilament proteins. Oral administration of IMS-088 rescued the translational defects associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy and restored the synthesis of neurofilament proteins, which are essential for axon integrity and synaptic function. Conclusions: Our study revealed that induction of autophagy reduces TDP-43 pathology and ameliorates the translational defect seen in mice models of ALS/FTD. Based on these results, we suggest IMS-088 and perhaps other inducers of autophagy should be considered as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders with TDP-43 proteinopathies.
They Know Where You Are (2003)

New technologies-including cellphone location systems, radio frequency identification tags, and ultrawideband receivers-can pinpoint your whereabouts. In this article, the authors argue that they may make you safer-but what about your privacy?.