gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of fractional factorial design to study the compatibility of viral ribonucleoprotein gene segments of human H7N9 virus and circulating human influenza subtypes (2014)

Avian H7N9 influenza viruses may pose a further threat to humans by reassortment with human viruses, which could lead to generation of novel reassortants with enhanced polymerase activity. We previously established a novel statistical approach to study the polymerase activity of reassorted vRNPs (Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013;7:969-78). Here, we report the use of this method to study recombinant vRNPs with subunits derived from human H1N1, H3N2, and H7N9 viruses. Our results demonstrate that some reassortant vRNPs with subunits derived from the H7N9 and other human viruses can have much higher polymerase activities than the wild-type levels.
A new algorithm for order statistic and sorting (1993)

An algorithm for rank filtering and stack filtering is presented. This algorithm is simple and results in fast and easy implementations. Various implementations of the algorithm are described, and the H-tree design is shown to be most area efficient. Also introduced is a modification of the filtering algorithm that results in better implement sorting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunonutrition in Surgery and Critical Care (2006)

The benefits of specialty supplemented enteral diets administered to critically ill and critically injured patients and those undergoing major surgical procedures have been documented in a number of randomized prospective studies. It is unclear which nutrient or combination of nutrients causes the beneficial effects, but there are significant reductions in infectious complications depending upon the patient populations studied. It is imperative that the data be interpreted in the context of individual patient risk since specialty formulas appear most beneficial in patients at risk of subsequent complications or in those with significant pre-existing malnutrition. Although controversy exists regarding the use of specialty supplemented enteral diets in critically ill patients, they have been administered safely with minimal risk of adverse outcome in malnourished patients and in the critically ill and critically injured.
Excitatory amino acid receptors and neurodegeneration. (1995)

This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the pharmacology of excitatory amino acid receptors, and the application of this knowledge to the unravelling of the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and to their therapy. Ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors can be divided into two large families, the NMDA receptor family, and the AMPA/kainate receptor family. Receptor cloning studies have shown there to be a large number of potential subtypes of receptors in both these families. Antagonists have been developed for the NMDA receptor which can interact with at least four independent drug recognition sites on the receptor. For the AMPA/kainate receptor, two classes of antagonist have so far been identified. Reasonably potent, selective and brain-penetrating antagonists now exist for virtually all these sites, and compounds inhibiting the release of glutamic acid presynaptically have also been identified, such as riluzole. The ability of glutamic acid to kill neurons (excitotoxicity) seems to be mediated, in most cases, by an interaction with NMDA receptors, leading to an uncontrollable rise in intracellular calcium concentrations and thence cell lysis and death. The setting-up of glutamatergic loops seems to be a key process in the maintenance, spread and amplification of neurodegenerative foci. The existence of such processes has been amply demonstrated in animal models of stroke, in which both NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists have neuroprotective effects. Clinical trials are underway with NMDA receptor antagonists in stroke. Excitotoxic mechanisms probably also contribute to pathology in head trauma and viral encephalopathy. Ingestion of excitatory amino acids may play a role in neurological conditions of dietary aetiology, such as neurolathyrism and domoic acid intoxication. For chronic neurodegenerative diseases, the role of excitatory amino acids is much less clear, although there is some evidence for the existence of excitotoxic mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Evidence from animal models suggests that drugs that block glutamatergic neurotransmission might be beneficial in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but the relevance of these animal models to the human pathology is not clear. However, preliminary clinical results suggest riluzole to be efficacious in prolonging survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and certain weak NMDA receptor antagonists are currently used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The next few years could witness a breakthrough in the treatment of neurological conditions as drugs that interfere with glutamatergic transmission become available for clinical use.
Health Information Technology (2015)

With ARRA incentives, the widespread adoption of electronic health records may be overcoming its biggest barrier--money.
Experimental evidence of flow destabilization in a two-dimensional bidisperse foam (2006)

Liquid foam flows in a Hele-Shaw cell were investigated. The plug flow obtained for a monodisperse foam is strongly perturbed in the presence of bubbles whose sizes are larger than the average bubble size by an order of magnitude, at least. Above a velocity threshold, the large bubbles migrate faster than the mean flow. We evidence experimentally this instability and, in the case of a single large bubble, we compare the large bubble velocity to the prediction deduced from scaling arguments. In the case of a bidisperse foam, an attractive interaction between large bubbles induces segregation and the large bubbles organize themselves in columns oriented along the flow.
SIMULATIONS BY MULTIPHYSICS MODELING (2014)

is in contact with an aluminum layer through a silica layer; the heat flow is caused by the heated aluminum layer whose temperature is higher than that of the rib. The aluminum layer also transmits the pressure y g y ; y y p g y p on the component. The stresses applied to the waveguide material structure cause each mode to be rotated. Thus, in this paper we use Comsol Multiphysics™ (6) to obtain a fully integrated simulations of SOI on the component. The stresses applied to the waveguide material structure cause each mode to be rotated. Thus, in this paper we use Comsol Multiphysics (6) to obtain a fully integrated simulations of SOI waveguides in order to estimate the birefringence compensation waveguides in order to estimate the birefringence compensation.
Polyaniline nanotubes with rectangular-hollow-core and its self-assembled surface decoration: high conductivity and dielectric properties (2014)

Self-assembled and surface decorated PANI nanotubes with rectangular hallow core with high electrical and dielectric properties.
Kinetic aspects of the emulsion polymerization of butadiene (1991)

Kinetic information on particle growth is obtained for the ab initio emulsion polymerization of butadiene.It is shown that the decrease in particle number by coagulation (induced by the high ionic strength) hardly affects polymerization rate, since the average number of radicals per particle (a) increases with particle size.From a rate analysis of intervals I1 and I11 it follows that the system is "zero-one" (d 5 0.5), i.e., termination is not rate-determining.Zeroone kinetics, in combination with a low initiator efficiency, explains the small effect of initiator concentration on polymerization rate.The radical loss mechanism responsible for the zero-one kinetics could not be established unambiguously, but chain transfer/desorption processes involving polybutadiene, thiol, surfactant, and the Diels-Alder dimer 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene were all refuted on experimental grounds.Desorption of monomeric species seems a reasonable explanation, given the rather low estimate for the propagation rate coefficient.
The plaNET/ORBIT High Speed Network (1993)

This paper presents an overview of the plaNET/ORBIT Gigabit networking system being developed at IBM. It identifies the various network components and their functionality, and describes how the many services provided by the network are supported. The paper focuses on providing a general view on how the different components operate and interact with each other, rather than on giving detailed technical descriptions of their implementations. Instead, pointers to relevant publications are used to allow interested readers to find additional details.
Author response: High-resolution quantitative and functional MRI indicate lower myelination of thin and thick stripes in human secondary visual cortex (2022)

In vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high magnetic field reveals systematic differences of relaxation parameters (R1) within the human secondary visual cortex at the level of the thin-thick-pale stripes system, which points toward higher cortical myelination of pale stripes.
Semiconductor biased superlattice tunable electron interference filter/emitter (1989)

It is shown that a voltage-biased semiconductor superlattice structure can serve simultaneously as a tunable electron-wave interference filter and electron emitter. A systematic design procedure for selecting the quantum well and barrier widths to be alternately high and low electron refractive indices and a quarter (or a half) of an electron wavelength in thickness is developed. A practical narrow-band filter/emitter consisting of layers of Ga1−xAlxAs and designed to emit 0.20-eV electrons is presented and analyzed. Such a structure would serve well as a tunable hot-electron emitter in ballistic transistors, and in future guided electron-wave integrated circuits.
EVALUATION OF PITUITARY ADRENAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN (1964)

Journal Article EVALUATION OF PITUITARY ADRENAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN This study was supported by a grant from the »Jan Dekker Stichting«. Get access D de Wied, D de Wied Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Present address: Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Wiegman, T Wiegman Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B van der Wal, B van der Wal Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J F Janssen, J F Janssen Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Delver A Delver Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 45, Issue 3_Supplement, Apr 1964, Page S13, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.045S013 Published: 01 April 1964
Current Application of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Tumor Field (2008)

Hydroxyapatite has already been considered as an excellent medical biomaterial, and nanometer hydroxyapatite possesses special characteristics. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can inhibit the growth of a wide range of cancer cells, but have no effect on normal cells, thus it has a better selectivity in the treatment of cancer. The anti-tumor mechanism of nano-hydroxyapatite is relevant on the following factors: role in the cell membrane, affecting DNA synthesis, inducing cell cycle blockage and apoptosis, impacting the activity of telomerase. This study is designed to introduce the specific structure and characteristics of nano-hydroxyapatite, analyze the research progress of nano-hydroxyapatite in tumor field, and discuss the possibility of nano-hydroxyapatite as a new anti-cancer drug in clinical application.
PRO - an automatic string placement program for polycell layout (1976)

This paper describes an automatic string placement program used to reorder cells in polycell rows such that channel routing in the adjacent channels (a) is not blocked by cyclic constraints, and (b) needs fewer routing tracks. The program utilizes cell reflections and pairwise neighbor exchanges, simultaneously monitoring both the channels immediately above and below the row being reordered. Reductions of 25% in the number of required routing tracks are commonly obtained.
Analog Radio Over Fiber-Aided Multi-Service Communications for High-Speed Trains (2022)

High speed trains (HST) have gradually become an essential means of transportation, where given our digital world, it is expected that passengers will be connected all the time. More specifically, the on-board passengers require fast mobile connections, which cannot be provided by the currently implemented cellular networks. Hence, in this article, we propose an analogue radio over fiber (A-RoF) aided multi-service network architecture for high-speed trains, in order to enhance the quality of service as well as reduce the cost of the radio access network (RAN). The proposed design can simultaneously support sub-6GHz as well as millimetre wave (mmWave) communications using the same architecture. Explicitly, we design a photonics aided beamforming technique in order to eliminate the bulky high-speed electronic phase-shifters and the hostile broadband mmWave mixers while providing a low-cost RAN solution. Finally, a beamforming range of 180° is demonstrated with a high resolution using our proposed system.
OAuth 2.0 Device Posture Signals (2017)

Enterprise and security focused OAuth providers typically want
additional signals to confirm user presence when users return to
previously authorized apps. Rather than requiring a full
reauthentication, or require enrollment in a mobile device management
solution, some authorization servers may be willing to accept device
posture signals from the app, like the fact that device has a lock
screen, as confirmation of user presence. This document details how
OAuth native app clients can communicate device posture signals to
OAuth providers.
Developmentally regulated epitopes of cell surface arabinogalactan proteins and their relation to root tissue pattern formation (1991)

Two polymorphic forms of an extracellular arabinogalactan protein (AGP1 and AGP2), obtained from the conditioned media of two carrot suspension-cultured cell lines, have been identified in terms of binding of the anti-plasma membrane antibodies JIM4 and MAC207. AGP1 and AGP2 have been used as immunogens to generate further anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies. JIM14 identified an epitope carried by AGP2 and also by glycoproteins of low molecular weight localized to the plant cell wall. In addition, further antibodies (JIM13 and JIM15) identified carbohydrate epitopes of the AGPs that also occur on plasma membrane glycoproteins and are expressed by patterns of cells that reflect cell position at the carrot root apex. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that JIM13 recognized the surface of cells forming the epidermis and cells marking the region and axis of the future xylem. JIM15 recognized a pattern of cells directly complementary to the JIM13 pattern. The panel of anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies now available indicates groups of cells within the root meristem that may reflect an early pre-pattern of the tissues of the mature root structure and suggests extensive modulation of cell surface AGPs during cell development and the positioning of cells within the apex.
IONIC STRENGTH EFFECTS ON THE GROUND STATE COMPLEXATION and TRIPLET STATE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION BETWEEN ROSE BENGAL and METHYL VIOLOGEN (1990)

Abstract— The equilibrium constants, K c , for complexation between methyl viologen dication (MV 2 +) and Rose Bengal, or Eosin Y, decrease with increasing ionic strength. At zero ionic strength K c is 6500 (± 500) mol −1 dm 3 for Rose Bengal and 3200 (± 200) mol −1 dm 3 for Eosin Y, and these values decrease to 1500 (± 100) and 680 (± 40) mol −1 dm 3 , respectively, at an ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm −3 . K c is independent of pH between 4.5 and 10. Δ H is ‐25 (± 1) kJ mol −1 for complexation with either dye, whereas Δ S is ‐15 (± 3) J K −1 mol −1 for Rose Bengal, and ‐ 23 (± 3) J K −1 mol −1 for Eosin Y. The complexation constant for Rose Bengal and the neutral viologen, 4,4'‐bipyridinium‐ N, N' ‐di(propylsulphonate), (4,4'‐BPS), is 420 (± 35) mol −1 dm 3 , and independent of ionic strength. No complexation could be observed for either Rose Bengal or Eosin with another neutral viologen, 2,2'‐bipyridinium‐ N,N' ‐di(propylsulphonate), (2,2'‐BPS). MV 2 + quenches the triplet state of Rose Bengal with a rate constant of 7 × 10 9 mol −1 dm 3 s −1 , and this rate constant decreases slightly as ionic strength increases. The cage escape yield following quenching, Φ cc is very low (Φ cc = 0.02 (± 0.005), and independent of ionic strength. 4,4'‐BPS quenches the triplet state of Rose Bengal with a rate constant of 2.2 (± 0.1) × 10 9 mol −1 dm 3 s −1 , and gives a cage escape yield of 0.033 (± 0.006). 2,2'‐BPS quenches the Rose Bengal triplet with a rate constant of 6 (± 1) × 10 8 mol −1 dm 3 s −1 and gives a cage escape yield of 0.07 (± 0.01). Conductivity measurements indicate that MV 2 +(Cl − ) 2 is completely dissociated at concentrations below 2 × 10 −2 mol dm −3 .
Adropin reduces blood glucose levels in mice by limiting hepatic glucose production (2019)

Adropin is a liver- and brain-secreted peptide hormone with striking effects on fuel metabolism regulation in a number of tissues. Previous studies demonstrated that adropin secretion is decreased in obese mice subjected to a long-term high-fat diet (HFD), and that whole-body loss of adropin expression resulted in systemic insulin resistance. Treatment of obese mice with adropin improves glucose tolerance, which has been linked to increased glucose oxidation and inhibition of fatty acid utilization in isolated skeletal muscle homogenates. In this study, we used in vivo physiological measurements to determine how treatment of obese mice with adropin affects whole-body glucose metabolism. Treatment with adropin reduced fasting blood glucose and, as shown previously, increased glucose tolerance in HFD mice during standard glucose tolerance tests. Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions, adropin treatment led to a nonsignificant increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity, and a significant reduction in whole-body glucose uptake. Finally, we show that adropin treatment suppressed hepatic glucose production and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. This correlated with reduced expression of fatty acid import proteins and gluconeogenic regulatory enzymes in the liver, suggesting that adropin treatment may impact the pathways that drive vital aspects of hepatic glucose metabolism.
A comparative study of culture-independent, library-independent genotypic methods of fecal source tracking (2003)

Culture-independent fecal source tracking methods have many potential advantages over library-dependent, isolate-culture methods, but they have been subjected to limited testing. The purpose of this study was to compare culture-independent, library-independent methods of fecal source tracking. Five laboratories analysed identical sets of aqueous samples that contained one or more of the following sources: sewage, human feces, dog feces, cattle feces and gull feces. Two investigators used methods based on PCR amplification of Bacteroidetes marker genes and both successfully discriminated between samples that did or did not contain human fecal material. One of these investigators was also able to identify the remaining sources, except for gull, with a low rate of false positives. A method based on E. coli toxin genes successfully identified samples containing sewage and cattle feces, but missed some samples with human feces because of low marker prevalence in individual human fecal samples. Researchers who used community terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) were limited by the amount of DNA recovered from samples, but they correctly identified human and cattle fecal contamination when sufficient DNA was obtained. Culture independent methods show considerable promise; further research is needed to develop markers for additional fecal sources and to understand the correlation of these source-tracking indicators to measures of human and environmental health.
The Symptomatic Lumbar Disc in Patients with Low-Back Pain (1993)

Magnetic resonance imaging of abnormal lumbar discs in 115 symptomatic patients (184 discs) and 63 symptom-free controls (78 discs) have been compared. All symptomatic patients were proven to have discogenic pain at discography. Discs were classified into patterns 1-6 reflecting the progressive changes of nuclear degeneration as previously described. In the symptomatic patient, the more degenerate the disc the more likely it was responsible for pain (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of abnormal signal patterns between the two groups studied. A small number of patients in both populations demonstrated high signal from disc protrusions but this also could not be used as a predictor of pain. No abnormal lumbar disc signal pattern could be identified that specifically indicated whether a disc would be painful. Magnetic resonance imaging is accurate in determining nuclear anatomy, but until more suitable techniques become available, discography is still the only method for symptomatic assessment in low-back pain.
Increase in Serotype 6C Pneumococcal Carriage, United Kingdom (2009)

To the Editor: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen. In 2007, Park et al. identifi ed a novel serotype, 6C (1), which emerged from serotype 6A. A study of children in the Netherlands who had not previously received a pneumococcal vaccine found low prevalence of this newly identifi ed serotype before the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar/Prevenar (PCV7) (Wyeth, Taplow, UK) was introduced (2). Studies have shown cross-protection between vaccine serotype 6B and vaccine-related serotype 6A. However, PCV7 elicits no cross-protection against serotype 6C.
Discovering the molecular foundations of Lactobacillus autochthony in the gastrointestinal tract (2008)

Molecular technologies have facilitated detection and identification of intestinal lactobacilli and allowed insight into the occurrence, diversity and dynamics of Lactobacillus populations in the human gastrointestinal tract. These techniques showed that the majority of Lactobacillus strains found in human fecal samples are only transiently detectable and therefore likely to be allochthonous, probably originating from food or the oral cavity. Strains of some species, such as Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus ruminis, have been shown to be true inhabitants (autochthonous) and persist in significant numbers. Very little is known about the molecular traits that enable autochthonous lactobacilli to occupy a niche within the gut ecosystem. The main focus of our research has been to determine the molecular foundations of the ecological success of Lactobacillus reuteri strains that are autochthonous to the rodent gastrointestinal tract. These studies have begun to provide mechanistic explanations of the ecological success of this species as a result of the application of in vivo expression technology (IVET) and the investigation of the ecological performance of isogenic mutants in the murine gastrointestinal tract. Functional and comparative genomic studies with Lactobacillus reuteri have been initiated in order to identify phenotypic and genotypic traits essential for gut colonization and host/microbe coexistence. Research to decipher these ecological interactions is rewarding, as it not only increases fundamental knowledge about the gut ecosystem, but also provides valuable information to select lactobacilli for probiotics.