gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEACH POMACE PROCESSING USING TWIN SCREW EXTRUSION (2014)

Fruit by-products have found limited applications in the food industry. They have been primarily used as animal feed, applied to agricultural land for soil amendment or composted and applied to farms for growing crops. Some of these disposal methods are not environment friendly, while others are costly. This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of utilizing peach pomace as a source of soluble dietary fiber in expanded extruded food products. Peach pomace was combined with rice flour at four different levels. The four blends were mixed, dried to a moisture level of 13.5% (w/w) and ground to flour. These blends were extruded in a twin-screw extruder (Clextral EV-25) at a feed flow rate of 15 kg/h. The extruded products were analyzed for physical and textural properties. The apparent and true densities for the extrudates decreased from 183.93 to 133.94 kg/m3 and 1275.31 to 1171.2 kg/m3, respectively. A linear increase in extrudate porosity (85.11-88.54%) and radial expansion ratio (13.5-19.3) and a steady decrease in breaking strength (104-50.74 kPa) were observed with increasing peach pomace level in the blends. This study demonstrates the potential of extrusion processing as a tool for fruit by-product utilization, which will not only enhance consumption of soluble dietary fiber but will also increase the overall fruit utilization.
A length compensation method to eliminate the varying length defect in one dimensional fisheye views (2010)

Graphical fisheye view is an effective technique for visualizing and navigating large information structures. However, there are still technical difficulties that hinder its broader applications. One of the prominent problems is the varying length effect seen in most fisheye views. The varying length effect refers to a phenomenon that the length (or height) of a fisheye component is not fixed, but it varies with the location of the focal point. This effect may bring some disadvantages that reduce the usability of a fisheye component. To overcome this defect, sporadical solutions have been seen for specific implementations, but a systematic method has not been seen yet. This paper proposes a length compensation method to eliminate the varying length defect for one dimensional fisheye components. The method provides solutions for handling both discrete and continuous magnifications respectively. The mathematical foundation of the method is given, and the implemented prototype proves that it is effective.
Enhanced optical activity of atomically thin MoSe 2 proximal to nanoscale plasmonic slot-waveguides (2017)

The ever increasing demand of computational power has led to significant scientific interest in optical interconnects due to higher achievable bandwidth and reduced energy consumption per bit. However, the diffraction limit poses ultimate device size limits for conventional photonics that can potentially be circumvented by exploiting nano-plasmonic effects to achieve deep-subwavelength optical confinement. Integrable efficient light sources are key requirements for on-chip plasmonic interconnects and recently, monolayer transition metal dichalcognides (TMDs) have shown significant potential for the use as high efficiency optical emitters at room temperature due to their direct bandgap, extremely high exciton binding energies and large quantum efficiency. First studies on coupling plasmonic waveguides and TMD flakes have demonstrated plasmonic excitation and guiding of light. We show a enhancement of the photoluminescence intensity for a hybrid system consisting of a MoSe2 monolayer and lithographically fabricated nano-plasmonic slot waveguides. Beside this indication of enhanced light-matter interaction, the plasmonic guiding of light in strongly sub-wavelength waveguide modes exhibiting a transverse mode area of with propagation lengths of () nm is demonstrated. The integration of 2D materials with deterministic routing paves the way toward novel small footprint, deep-subwavelength on-chip light sources.
Practical deviations from Henry`s law for water/air partitioning of volatile organic compounds (1997)

A study was conducted to define parameters relating to the use of a down hole submersible photoionization detector (PID) probe to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an artificial headspace. The partitioning of toluene and trichloroethylene between water and air was studied as a function of analyte concentration and water temperature. The Henry`s law constant governing this partitioning represents an ideal condition at infinite dilution for a particular temperature. The results show that in practice. this partitioning is far from ideal. Conditions resulting in apparent, practical deviations from Henry`s law include temperature and VOC concentration. Thus, a single value of Henry`s law constant for a particular VOC such as toluene can provide only an approximation of concentration in the field. Detector response in saturated humidity environments as a function of water temperature and analyte concentration was studied also.
Peer Review #1 of "Augmented cartilage regeneration by implantation of cellular versus acellular implants after bone marrow stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies (v0.1)" (2017)

View the review history for Augmented cartilage regeneration by implantation of cellular versus acellular implants after bone marrow stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies
Control of thermal ignition in gasoline engines (2005)

In this paper a model based controller is designed to regulate the crank angle of 50% fuel burned (CA50) and the air to fuel ratio (AFR) in the exhaust manifold of a gasoline engine during fuel step changes. The regulation of the combustion timing is based on manipulating the charge temperature through the internal and external dilutions which are achieved by controlling the lift of a secondary opening of the exhaust valve, also known as rebreathing lift (RBL), and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. The paper includes a brief introduction of the engine model followed by its experimental validation during fuel step changes which are considered as disturbances for the control problem. A two-input two-output controller is designed for the linearized model and simulations of closed loop response with the controller applied to the nonlinear model are presented. Finally, an equivalent reduced order controller is derived to facilitate implementation on a dynamometer facility.
BASIC STUDY FOR THE PEBBLE-BED REACTOR WITH THE OTTO LOADING SCHEME. (1972)

A paradigm shift for models of MT assembly is suggested by a recent cryo-electron microscopy study of microtubules (MTs). Previous assembly models have been based on the two-dimensional lattice of the MT wall, where incoming subunits can add with longitudinal and lateral bonds. The new study of McIntosh et al. concludes that the growing ends of MTs separate into flared single protofilaments. This means that incoming subunits must add onto the end of single protofilaments, forming only a longitudinal bond. How can growth of single-stranded protofilaments exhibit cooperative assembly with a critical concentration? An answer is suggested by FtsZ, the bacterial tubulin homolog, which assembles into single-stranded protofilaments. Cooperative assembly of FtsZ is thought to be based on conformational changes that switch the longitudinal bond from low to high affinity when the subunit is incorporated in a protofilament. This novel mechanism may also apply to tubulin assembly and could be the primary mechanism for assembly onto single flared protofilaments.
BSBM-14 MOLECULAR PROFILING OF CHECKPOINT LIGANDS AND KEY NK-ACTIVATION AND SUPPRESSIVE LIGANDS BY METASTATIC MELANOMA CELLS (2023)

Abstract Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with high propensity for brain metastasis. For advanced melanoma, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs, like pembrolizumab, have shown remarkable promise for progression-free survival. The ICB drugs have primarily targeted melanoma suppression of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Earlier studies showed positive responses in up to 40% of cases, which has improved with discovery of new inhibitory ligands and combination therapy. However, not all patients respond, likely because of the capacity of cancer cells to regulate inhibitory and activating ligands, circumventing both immunomodulatory axes currently targeted by immunotherapies. In this study, we aim to characterize additional axes, prioritizing NK cells of the innate immune system. NK cells can mediate cytotoxic killing similar to CTLs but possess the advantages of germline-encoded receptors that recognize a broad range of ligands, thus, requiring relatively little priming and circumventing antigen escape. We have acquired up to ten patient-derived New Zealand Melanoma lines in collaboration with Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, of which three are from brain metastases. We used NanoString technology to assess melanoma gene expression of immunoregulatory ligands governing NK activation, inhibition or both (via dual-functional ligands dictated by NK-receptors). The results showed expression of several inhibitory ligands but very few activating ligands. The expression trends were largely similar but varied in a select few ligands. Flow cytometry was used to characterize cell-surface expression of the immunoregulatory proteins. These were compared with the classical inhibitory checkpoint molecules evidencing that melanoma cells expressed more NK inhibitory molecules. We hypothesize that melanoma cells both express inhibitory ligands and suppress activation ligands, to hinder NK cell activity. Here we aim to identify novel immune axes leading towards expansion of ICB therapies. This will afford clinicians a personalized approach and access to combination immunotherapies, especially in combating refractory metastatic melanoma, which have poor prognoses.
Photonic network-on-chip architectures using multilayer deposited silicon materials for high-performance chip multiprocessors (2011)

Integrated photonics has been slated as a revolutionary technology with the potential to mitigate the many challenges associated with on- and off-chip electrical interconnection networks. To date, all proposed chip-scale photonic interconnects have been based on the crystalline silicon platform for CMOS-compatible fabrication. However, maintaining CMOS compatibility does not preclude the use of other CMOS-compatible silicon materials such as silicon nitride and polycrystalline silicon. In this work, we investigate utilizing devices based on these deposited materials to design photonic networks with multiple layers of photonic devices. We apply rigorous device optimization and insertion loss analysis on various network architectures, demonstrating that multilayer photonic networks can exhibit dramatically lower total insertion loss, enabling unprecedented bandwidth scalability. We show that significant improvements in waveguide propagation and waveguide crossing insertion losses resulting from using these materials enables the realization of topologies that were previously not feasible using only the single-layer crystalline silicon approaches.
The SR-tree (1997)

Recently, similarity queries on feature vectors have been widely used to perform content-based retrieval of images. To apply this technique to large databases, it is required to develop multidimensional index structures supporting nearest neighbor queries efficiently. The SS-tree had been proposed for this purpose and is known to outperform other index structures such as the R*-tree and the K-D-B-tree. One of its most important features is that it employs bounding spheres rather than bounding rectangles for the shape of regions. However, we demonstrate in this paper that bounding spheres occupy much larger volume than bounding rectangles with high-dimensional data and that this reduces search efficiency. To overcome this drawback, we propose a new index structure called the SR-tree (Sphere/Rectangle-tree) which integrates bounding spheres and bounding rectangles. A region of the SR-tree is specified by the intersection of a bounding sphere and a bounding rectangle. Incorporating bounding rectangles permits neighborhoods to be partitioned into smaller regions than the SS-tree and improves the disjointness among regions. This enhances the performance on nearest neighbor queries especially for high-dimensional and non-uniform data which can be practical in actual image/video similarity indexing. We include the performance test results the verify this advantage of the SR-tree and show that the SR-tree outperforms both the SS-tree and the R*-tree.
In situ observation of damage evolution in alloy sheet materials via synchrotron micro- and nanolaminography (2020)

International audience
iso-Migrastatin, Migrastatin, and Dorrigocin Production in Streptomyces platensis NRRL 18993 Is Governed by a Single Biosynthetic Machinery Featuring an Acyltransferase-less Type I Polyketide Synthase (2009)

iso-Migrastatin and related glutarimide-containing polyketides are potent inhibitors of tumor cell migration and their implied potential as antimetastatic agents for human cancers has garnered significant attention. Genome scanning of Streptomyces platensis NRRL 18993 unveiled two candidate gene clusters (088D and mgs); each encodes acyltransferase-less type I polyketide synthases commensurate with iso-migrastatin biosynthesis. Both clusters were inactivated by lambda-RED-mediated PCR-targeting mutagenesis in S. platensis; iso-migrastatin production was completely abolished in the DeltamgsF mutant SB11012 strain, whereas inactivation of 088D-orf7 yielded the SB11006 strain that exhibited no discernible change in iso-migrastatin biosynthesis. These data indicate that iso-migrastatin production is governed by the mgs cluster. Systematic gene inactivation allowed determination of the precise boundaries of the mgs cluster and the essentiality of the genes within the mgs cluster in iso-migrastatin production. The mgs cluster consists of 11 open reading frames that encode three acyltransferase-less type I polyketide synthases (MgsEFG), one discrete acyltransferase (MgsH), a type II thioesterase (MgsB), three post-PKS tailoring enzymes (MgsIJK), two glutarimide biosynthesis enzymes (MgsCD), and one regulatory protein (MgsA). A model for iso-migrastatin biosynthesis is proposed based on functional assignments derived from bioinformatics and is further supported by the results of in vivo gene inactivation experiments.
How to automate millions lines of top-level UVM testbench and handle huge register classes (2012)

Not only design automation, but also testbench (TB) automation heavily affects design period, so that diverse TB automation solutions have been developed and applied to the verifications ranging from IP level to top-level. Top-level verification environment is much more complex and big, approximately 2M lines of code (LOC), so automatic generation of top-level TB is an inevitable process for competitive design period. This paper presents an experience of SV (SystemVerilog) UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) TB automation on an over 100M gate top level SoC design. Most of the TB, 88% of 2M LOC except test scenarios and user codes, has been automatically generated by the proposed automation solution. The automation solution has strong flexibility and high level maintainability upon frequent specification changes. Also, the configurable TB for various DUTs resulted 50% simulation performance enhancement.
Epiretinal membrane removal in diabetic eyes: comparison of viscodissection with conventional methods of membrane peeling (2003)

Viscodissection appears to be a safe and effective alternative technique in eyes with PDR. Owing to the retrospective nature of the study, additional studies are warranted.
Fabrication and Assessment of Optimized InGaAs Single-Junction TPV Cells (2007)

Using a modeling approach, InP lattice‐matched InGaAs‐based TPV cell structures were optimized as a function of the doping concentration and thickness of the active region. The devices were subsequently grown, fabricated and assessed. The modeling study shows that low doping concentrations for the active layers lead to an improved overall device performance as indicated by an increase of all the device parameters. The effect of the thickness of the active layers was investigated and indicates that relatively thin structures can be achieved within the optimal device parameters calculated. The variation of the device parameters as a function of the illumination conditions such as the black‐body source temperature and incident intensity was also modeled and will be discussed. The device structures were grown on InP substrates using MOVPE and different doping concentrations and thicknesses were used. The devices were processed into mesa diodes and the device parameters extracted from the I‐V characteristics were compared and discussed in light of the modeling predictions.
Predictive Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tumor Growth Kinetics in Xenograft Models after Administration of Anticancer Agents (2004)

The available mathematical models describing tumor growth and the effect of anticancer treatments on tumors in animals are of limited use within the drug industry. A simple and effective model would allow applying quantitative thinking to the preclinical development of oncology drugs. In this article, a minimal pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model is presented, based on a system of ordinary differential equations that link the dosing regimen of a compound to the tumor growth in animal models. The growth of tumors in nontreated animals is described by an exponential growth followed by a linear growth. In treated animals, the tumor growth rate is decreased by a factor proportional to both drug concentration and number of proliferating tumor cells. A transit compartmental system is used to model the process of cell death, which occurs at later times. The parameters of the pharmacodynamic model are related to the growth characteristics of the tumor, to the drug potency, and to the kinetics of the tumor cell death. Therefore, such parameters can be used for ranking compounds based on their potency and for evaluating potential differences in the tumor cell death process. The model was extensively tested on discovery candidates and known anticancer drugs. It fitted well the experimental data, providing reliable parameter estimates. On the basis of the parameters estimated in a first experiment, the model successfully predicted the response of tumors exposed to drugs given at different dose levels and/or schedules. It is, thus, possible to use the model prospectively, optimizing the design of new experiments.
Comparison of the Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE methods using polymer models of chromatin (2021)

Hi-C, split-pool recognition of interactions by tag extension (SPRITE) and genome architecture mapping (GAM) are powerful technologies utilized to probe chromatin interactions genome wide, but how faithfully they capture three-dimensional (3D) contacts and how they perform relative to each other is unclear, as no benchmark exists. Here, we compare these methods in silico in a simplified, yet controlled, framework against known 3D structures of polymer models of murine and human loci, which can recapitulate Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE experiments and multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) single-molecule conformations. We find that in silico Hi-C, GAM and SPRITE bulk data are faithful to the reference 3D structures whereas single-cell data reflect strong variability among single molecules. The minimal number of cells required in replicate experiments to return statistically similar contacts is different across the technologies, being lowest in SPRITE and highest in GAM under the same conditions. Noise-to-signal levels follow an inverse power law with detection efficiency and grow with genomic distance differently among the three methods, being lowest in GAM for genomic separations >1 Mb.
Two-dimensional Polymers in Microscopy and Spatially Resolved Vibrational Analysis – A Review (2019)

Two-dimensional polymers comprise a novel class of macromolecules with promising mechanical and chemical properties that have recently become accessible under mild synthetic conditions. As nanometer-sized holes and defects are likely to influence these materials' properties, there is a need for analytical methods to spatially and chemically characterize them down to the nanoscale. In this article, we compare tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to common methods in nanoanalysis for the investigation of defect sites in molecularly thin 2D-polymer sheets and briefly present measures to meet the challenges arising from tip-induced degradation processes.
Skeletogenic Capacity of Human Perivascular Stem Cells Obtained Via Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (2019)

Human perivascular stem/stromal cells (PSC) are a multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cell population defined by their perivascular residence. PSC are increasingly studied for their application in skeletal regenerative medicine. PSC from subcutaneous white adipose tissue are most commonly isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and defined as a bipartite population of CD146<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>-</sup>CD31<sup>-</sup>CD45<sup>-</sup> pericytes and CD34<sup>+</sup>CD146<sup>-</sup>CD31<sup>-</sup>CD45<sup>-</sup> adventitial cells. FACS poses several challenges for clinical translation, including requirements for facilities, equipment, and personnel. The purpose of this study is to identify if magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is a feasible method to derive PSC, and to determine if MACS-derived PSC are comparable to our previous experience with FACS-derived PSC. In brief, CD146<sup>+</sup> pericytes and CD34<sup>+</sup> adventitial cells were enriched from human lipoaspirate using a multistep column approach. Next, cell identity and purity were analyzed by flow cytometry. <i>In vitro</i> multilineage differentiation studies were performed with MACS-defined PSC subsets. Finally, <i>in vivo</i> application was performed in nonhealing calvarial bone defects in <i>Scid</i> mice. Results showed that human CD146<sup>+</sup> pericytes and CD34<sup>+</sup> adventitial cells may be enriched by MACS, with defined purity, anticipated cell surface marker expression, and capacity for multilineage differentiation. <i>In vivo</i>, MACS-derived PSC induce ossification of bone defects. These data document the feasibility of a MACS approach for the enrichment and application of PSC in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Impact Statement Our findings suggest that perivascular stem/stromal cells, and in particular adventitial cells, may be isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting and applied as an uncultured autologous stem cell therapy in a same-day setting for bone defect repair.
Strengthening coupons offers by requiring more from the customer (1993)

Reports the experiment conducted by a direct mail company to determine whether a free gift offer would generate incremental sales. Finds that packet mailed with a coupon generated more sales than the control packet (no coupon), and finds that the third packet, in which the coupon offer was coupled with a requirement that the customer complete a questionnaire, generated significantly more sales than the coup alone. Claims that further research is required to determine whether the results would be similar for coupons delivered by methods other than direct mail.