gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability Evaluation of Coupled Heat and Electricity Systems with CSP Considering Thermal Dynamic Characteristics (2021)

This paper proposes a reliability evaluation method for the coupled heat and electricity (CHE) systems containing concentrated solar power (CSP) plants considering thermal dynamic characteristics. Firstly, the structure and the operation mechanism of the CHE system are introduced. The system framework containing conventional units, CSP plants, combined heat and power (CHP) units and electric heater (EH) is constructed for cogeneration. Then the dynamic characteristic models of heating network and thermal load are introduced. Additionally, taking the sum of system operation cost and load curtailment cost as objective function, the optimal load curtailment model of the CHE system is established. Finally, considering the thermal dynamic characteristics and the random failure of each equipment in the system, the model is applied to calculate the reliability indices by sequential Monte Carlo method. The simulative results show that considering the thermal dynamic characteristics can significantly improve the reliability of the CHE system.
Matching solutions for unsteady conduction in simple bodies with surface heat fluxes (1996)

Introduction A the arsenal of analytical methods of solution for the treatment of unsteady state heat conduction in simple coordinate systems, the method of separation of variables is by far the most commonly adopted in literature on conduction heat transfer. However, its step-by-step implementation presents inconveniences on some occasions, especially when the partial differential equation and/or the boundary conditions involve nonhomogeneities. Under these circumstances utilization of other solution techniques are more appropriate and sometimes become indispensable. In principle, the method of separation of variables leads to an exact infinite series that is conveniently simplified to an approximate one-term of series solution for practical applications. The latter provides the socalled long-time solution and serves to generate different versions of temperature -time charts that are applicable to the cooling of simple bodies with convective surfaces. The central objective of the present study is twofold. First, to establish a definite region of validity of the venerable oneterm of series solution for simple bodies exposed to a uniform surface heat flux. Second, to supplement this simplified solution with an optional technique having physical roots, i.e., the semi-infinite body solution. The latter, supposedly may permit a faster and more precise calculation for the temperature re-
Measurement of the energy sensitivity of a superconductive comparator (1999)

Comparators are a critical component in sigma-delta A/D converters. We have studied experimentally the sensitivity of a quantum flux parametron (QFP) comparator operated over a range of sampling frequencies F/sub S/ from 40 Hz to 40 MHz. In one experimental method, following Ko and Lee, we measure the firing probability of the QFP as a function of applied flux. The sensitivity can be derived from the slope of this curve. In a second method, we measure the sensitivity directly by observing the spectrum of the QFP output while the amplitude of a small sinusoidal applied flux is adjusted to exceed the noise floor by 3 dB. The two methods were found to be in good, but not perfect agreement. The sensitivity was measured as we varied both F/sub S/ and the dock rise time. The spectrum of the quantization noise exhibits, as expected, a flat floor whose level is inversely proportional to F/sub S/. The best energy sensitivity that we observed was for a clock frequency of /spl sim/20 MHz with a 10 ns rise time. The measured sensitivity was about 1500 h (Planck's constant). The readout circuit prevented us from clocking the comparator into the GHz range for even greater sensitivity. We also believe that the comparator could be optimized to improve sensitivity further. The noise floor was low enough that we could observe excess low-frequency noise below 5 Hz. We have not yet determined whether it is intrinsic to the comparator or originates from our test electronics. We hypothesize that the noise floor will continue to fall as F/sub S/ increases until we reach the speed limit of the comparator, at which point successive output samples will no longer be uncorrelated, or until we reach the uncertainty-principle limit (h) in the 100s of GHz range.
A Comparative Study on the Reactivity of Tris‐β‐Diketiminate Ytterbium Complexes: Steric Effect of β‐Diketiminato Ligands (2010)

Abstract A series of tris‐β‐diketiminate ytterbium complexes with the general formula [YbL 3 ] {L = [N(C 6 H 5 )C(Me)] 2 CH – , L H ( 1 ); [N(4‐MeC 6 H 4 )C(Me)] 2 CH – , L 4‐Me ( 2 ), and [N(2‐MeC 6 H 4 )C(Me)] 2 CH – , L 2‐Me ( 3 )} were synthesized and structurally characterized. All complexes have longer Yb–N bond lengths than other YbL‐containing derivatives, and complex 3 has the longest average Yb–N bond length. A comparative study on the reactivity of complexes 1 – 3 revealed that complex 3 was a highly active catalyst for the polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone and L ‐lactide, as well as for the addition of amines to carbodiimides, whereas both complexes 1 and 2 were almost inactive under the same conditions. The active sequence is consistent with the distance of the Yb–N bond, which is reflected in the sterically induced activation of the bulky tris‐β‐diketiminate ytterbium complexes.
MWPoW - Multi-Winner Proof of Work Consensus Protocol: An Immediate Block-Confirm Solution and an Incentive for Common Devices to Join Blockchain (2018)

In this article, we present designs for a Multi Winner Proof of Work (MWPoW) consensus primitive. MWPoW is a consensus protocol that places the group mining idea directly into a protocol to prevent power centralization, higher general reward expectation among participants and shorten the interval time of block generation. It makes every miner a component of one of three groups assigned by the network, not as an individual competitor; all users in the winner group receive compensation. The hash difficulty is higher than ordinary blockchain because there are only three parties in the system. MWPoW powered block-chain is more secure from tampering. The blocks can be quickly final accepted without later block confirms, which makes it possible for block interval time to be minuteness. The experiment suggests the hash rate of MWPoW is around 1500 times larger than Nakamoto blockchain while it only requires about 1 second to finally accept a block in the lab environment (with 3-second block interval). MWPoW is universal profitable (the mining remuneration is much more distributed than Nakamoto block-chain).
Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) Solubility and Its Application to a Piggery Effluent Problem (1992)

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) solution chemistry was studied in order to understand a struvite scaling problem which exists in the pipe network of a series of 4 effluent lagoons at a piggery. The conditional solubility constant (PS=SMG·SNH3−N·SPO4−P, equilibrium S values (M)) was determined over a range of pH values (6.8-8.5) and solution concentrations of Mg, NH3−N and PO4−P close to field conditions, and at a temperature of 30°C. A comparison of field and laboratory data indicates struvite precipitates from the second lagoon onwards. The solubility data obtained also indicate potential for precipitation as a method of nutrient removal from wastewaters.
q-analogue of summability of formal solutions of some linear q-difference-differential equations (2015)

Let q > 1. The paper considers a linear q-difference-differential equation: it is a q-difference equation in the time variable t, and a partial differential equation in the space variable z. Under suitable conditions and by using q-Borel and q-Laplace transforms (introduced by J.-P. Ramis and C. Zhang), the authors show that if it has a formal power series solution X(t, z) one can construct an actual holomorphic solution which admits X(t, z) as a q-Gevrey asymptotic expansion of order 1.
Incremental computation of dominator trees (1997)

In this article, we present a new algorithm for incrementally maintaining the dominator tree of an arbitrary flowgraph. Previous work most relevant to this article includes only the Carroll-Ryder algorithm and the Ramalingam-Reps algorithm. Both these methods are restricted to reducible flowgraphs. By contrast, our approach can handle irreducible as well as reducible flowgraphs. For the case where an edge is inserted, our incremental algorithm is also faster than previous incremental algorithms in the worst case. For the deletion case, our algorithm has a quadratic time complexity in the worst case.
DPSK modulation format for optical communication using FBG demodulator (2004)

The task of the project was to evaluate a differential phase shift keying demodulation technique by replacing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer receiver with an optical filter (Fiber Bragg Grating). Computer simulations were made with single optical transmission, multi channel systems and transmission with combined angle/intensity modulated optical signals. The simulations showed good results at both 10 and 40 Gbit/s. Laboratory experiments were made at 10 Gbit/s to verify the simulation results. It was found that the demodulation technique worked, but not with satisfactory experimental results. The work was performed at Eindhoven University of Technology, Holland, within the framework of the STOLAS project at the department of Electro-optical communication.
Effect of active immunization against GnRH‐I on the reproductive function in cat (2015)

This study was designed to explore the effect of active immunization against maltose binding protein-gonadotropin releasing hormone I hexamer (MBP-GnRH-I6) on the reproductive function in cats. Each immunized cat was administered twice intramuscularly in the neck at 16 and 20 weeks old. The concentrations of the testosterone and estradiol and the level of anti-GnRH-I antibody in the serum were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the weight and size of testicles and ovaries, and the concentrations of serum testosterone and estradiol in the immunized animals were lower than those of the control cats (P < 0.05), but that the levels of anti-GnRH-I antibody were significant higher compared to control animals (P < 0.05). Testicular tissues from the immunized male cats showed that seminiferous tubules were depauperate with the lumen relatively empty and that the differentiation of spermatogonia was not obvious. Tissues from the immunized female cats showed that the ovaries had many primordial follicles and primary follicles, but no secondary follicle was observed. These results showed active immunization against MBP-GnRH-I6 could make the gonads atrophy and reduce the concentrations of gonadal hormones, which suggested that MBP-GnRH-I6 was a very effective immunogen in the cat.
Evolutionary Convergence of Pathway-specific Enzyme Expression Stoichiometry. Lalanne et al. (2018)

Raw_data_Northern_blots contains original images of exposed membranes from Northern blot with gene specific probes and 16S loading control probes (sequential hybridizations). The targets for the Northern blots are bacterial operons with complex isoforms (3' extensions from partial termination). The validation figure contains the various evidence that Rend-seq allows for precise 5' and 3' ends mapping as well as mRNA abundance measurements (comparison to curated databases of transcription start sites, comparison to processing sites and 3' ends precisely mapped in the literature, our own experimental validation of some novel 5' ends by 5' RACE, comparison to other recent high-throughput mapping of 3' ends, and comparison to micro-array data for mRNA abundance measurements). Table 1 contains mRNA abundances from Rend-seq for wild-type and mutants in B. subtilis, E. coli, V. natriegens, and C. crescentus. Table 2 contains estimated translation efficiencies (ribosome footprint read density divided by Rend-seq read density) for genes in B. subtilis, V. natriegens, and C. crescentus. Table 3 contains mRNA 5' ends identified in Rend-seq validated by primer extension assays (within 1 nt), as compiled in curated databases (EcoCyc for E. coli, DBTBS for B. subtilis).
Controlling Excited-State Contamination in Nucleon Matrix Elements (2016)

We present a detailed analysis of methods to reduce statistical errors and excited-state contamination in the calculation of matrix elements of quark bilinear operators in nucleon states. All the calculations were done on a 2+1 flavor ensemble with lattices of size $32^3 \times 64$ generated using the rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm at $a=0.081$~fm and with $M_π=312$ MeV. The statistical precision of the data is improved using the all-mode-averaging method. We compare two methods for reducing excited-state contamination: a variational analysis and a two-state fit to data at multiple values of the source-sink separation $t_{\rm sep}$. We show that both methods can be tuned to significantly reduce excited-state contamination and discuss their relative advantages and cost-effectiveness. A detailed analysis of the size of source smearing used in the calculation of quark propagators and the range of values of $t_{\rm sep}$ needed to demonstrate convergence of the isovector charges of the nucleon to the $t_{\rm sep} \to \infty $ estimates is presented.
Digital watermarking with complex wavelets (2000)

In this paper, we propose a watermarking algorithm in the complex wavelet domain. We then model watermarking as a communication process and show that the complex wavelet domain has relatively high capacity and is a potentially good domain for watermarking. Finally, a technique for registering geometrically distorted images, which is based on motion estimation in the wavelet domain, is described. The registration process can assist watermark detection in a watermarked image attacked by Stirmark, for example.
Assessing the impact of the USA PATRIOT Act on the financial services industry (2005)

Outlines the requirements of the PATRIOT Act of October 2001; together with subsequent legislation, it has led to a dramatic increase in surveillance activities affecting both traditional financial institutions and the newer types known as Money Service Businesses. Lists its demands, that all financial institutions: establish a more formal anti‐money laundering programme with a compliance officer, implement an employee training programme, file Suspicious Activity Reports, verify new customers’ identities etc. Indicates the cost to the financial services industry of compliance. Concludes that, given the massive quantities of information collected, even the best technology may not ensure that the tiny minority of terrorist traces actually get followed up
Branched Polymers. II. Unusual Thermal Behavior of the Aromatic Polyamide Dendrons. (2000)

中心芳香環の5-位にブロモ基を有する第2世代の芳香族ポリアミドデンドロン (2) の熱的性質を調べたところ, 示差走査熱量測定 (DSC) 曲線では208℃と254℃にそれぞれ吸熱と発熱ピークが見られ, また偏光顕微鏡では昇温過程においてそれぞれのピークに対応する疑似溶融状態と結晶化が観察された. エタノールで再結晶後のデンドロン2ではDSC曲線で結晶化に対応する発熱ピークのみが見られた. さらに, 中心置換基の異なるデンドロンをいくつか合成し, その熱的性質を調べた. 4-位にメチル基を有するデンドロン5はDSC曲線で2つの吸熱ピークと1つの発熱ピークを有し, 偏光顕微鏡観察では疑似溶融状態において初め複屈折性を示したのち等方的となり, 最終的には結晶化した. 5-位にメチルエステル基を有するデンドロン6のDSC曲線には275℃と327℃に吸熱ピークが存在したが, デンドロン2のような溶融状態や結晶化は観察されなかった.
Impact of Adherence on the Outcome of Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C (2005)

Nearly 4 million people in the United States have evidence of hepatitis C infection (HCV), representing a significant cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer as well a major burden to our healthcare systems and society. Antiviral therapy can successfully eradicate HCV over the long term, potentially reducing the risk of progression and improving patients' quality of life. The currently preferred HCV treatment is a combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin, which can achieve an overall sustained viral eradication rate of 55%. The duration of this treatment is typically determined by HCV genotype and the patient's early virologic response to the antiviral regimen. Evidence has accumulated over the past few years to indicate that close adherence to the optimal antiviral regimen can enhance sustained virologic response. But optimal treatment outcomes require diligence and careful management of side effects related to combination therapy. Although reducing the dose of pegylated interferon alfa, ribavirin, or both can effectively treat side effects, suboptimal doses of this regimen, especially ribavirin, may negatively affect virologic response. An alternative strategy is to use growth factors to treat cytopenias. This strategy can obviate dose reductions while potentially improving patients' quality of life. Patient support seems especially important early after the initiation of antiviral therapy. Encouraging study findings involving the growth factors, epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, suggest improved anemia and quality of life while maintaining the optimal ribavirin dose. Future work should be aimed at providing stronger evidence for the use of these "supportive products" during anti-HCV therapy. As we strive to develop better treatment options for our HCV patients, the importance of adhering to the treatment regimen continues to play a central role. Effective side effect management is crucial for the success of this treatment because adherence is negatively affected by side effects related to the antiviral regimen. By identifying and addressing the important side effects of combination therapy for HCV, adherence to treatment can be improved and optimal outcomes can be achieved.
A STUDY OF CONFIDENCE AND ACCURACY USING THE RASCH MODELING PROCEDURES (2008)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between students' actual performance (accuracy) and their subjective judgments of accuracy (confidence) on selected English language proficiency tests. The unidimensional and multidimensional IRT Rasch approaches were used to model the discrepancy between confidence and accuracy at the item and test level and to assess disattenuated strength of association between accuracy and confidence. The analysis results indicate a pattern of overconfidence bias (i.e., overestimation of success rate), which was related to item difficulty. In addition, the strength of association between accuracy and confidence dimension was relatively high: The confidence dimension explained 45% and 52% of the variability in the accuracy dimension for the two tests employed in this study.
Early-Emerging Sulcal Patterns Are Atypical in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease (2018)

Fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) have third trimester alterations in cortical development on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the intersulcal relationships contributing to global sulcal pattern remain unknown. This study applied a novel method for examining the geometric and topological relationships between sulci to fetal brain MRIs from 21-30 gestational weeks in CHD fetuses (n = 19) and typically developing (TD) fetuses (n = 17). Sulcal pattern similarity index (SI) to template fetal brain MRIs was determined for the position, area, and depth for corresponding sulcal basins and intersulcal relationships for each subject. CHD fetuses demonstrated altered global sulcal patterns in the left hemisphere compared with TD fetuses (TD [SI, mean ± SD]: 0.822 ± 0.023, CHD: 0.795 ± 0.030, P = 0.002). These differences were present in the earliest emerging sulci and were driven by differences in the position of corresponding sulcal basins (TD: 0.897 ± 0.024, CHD: 0.878 ± 0.019, P = 0.006) and intersulcal relationships (TD: 0.876 ± 0.031, CHD: 0.857 ± 0.018, P = 0.033). No differences in cortical gyrification index, mean curvature, or surface area were present. These data suggest our methods may be more sensitive than traditional measures for evaluating cortical developmental alterations early in gestation.
Silicasulfuric Acid/NaNO3 as a New Reagent for the Deprotection of S,S‐Acetals under Mild Conditions. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<title>High-Efficiency Crystalline Tandem Cells</title> (1983)

Computer analysis of crystalline solar cells indicates that a substantial increase in cell conversion efficiencies can be achieved by using two-cell, multi-bandgap tandem structures instead of single-junction cells. Practical AM1 efficiencies of about 30% at one sun and over 30% at multiple suns are to be expected. The further increases in efficiency calculated for a three-cell tandem structure are smaller and may not justify the added complexity. For inexpensive two-cell tandem modules, Si is preferred for the bottom cell, and the top cell material should have a bandgap of 1.75 to 1.80 eV. The GaAs-AlAs and GaAs-GaP systems are attractive candidates for the top cell. Significant advances have been achieved in growing GaAs on Ge-coated Si substrates (for the two-terminal, two-cell structure) and in growing free-standing ultrathin GaAs layers (for the two-terminal or four-terminal structures). These material advances should be transferable to the GaAs-AlAs and GaAs-GaP systems.
Heterogeneous Catalysis with Renewed Attention: Principles, Theories, and Concepts (2017)

With the development of a strong bioeconomy sector related to the creation of next-generation biorefineries, heterogeneous catalysis is receiving renewed attention. Indeed, catalysis is at the core of biorefinery design, and many new catalysts and catalytic processes are being developed. On the one hand, they are based on knowledge acquired during the last century to efficiently upgrade fossil resources. On the other hand, they take advantage of the opportunity of having new substrates on which novel conversion technologies, derived from recent fundamental advances and new concepts developed in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, can be tested and applied. In this context, there is a global trend for establishing new courses throughout the world to train students and professionals in the bioeconomy/biorefinery sector. Such courses encompass many different fields in a multidisciplinary approach, including agronomy, logistics, life cycle assessment, biotechnologies, process design, economics, and, obviously, chemistry. For the last of these, a specific important role is given to catalysis, and more especially to heterogeneous catalysis. Such courses need to explain the basics of each scientific field involved before giving concrete examples of research/development. Among them, the aforementioned heterogeneous catalysis is an especially complex scientific field in which surface science, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, and other disciplines are intimately interwoven. While many references presenting specific aspects of catalysis can be found, concise documents encompassing all of the angles of this very rich field—including its most recent developments and prospects, aimed at a readership already trained in chemistry—are scarce. This paper gives a global and simple “heterogeneous catalysis tour” to explain in a concise way what heterogeneous catalysis is without going into too much detail. The students who would like to know more about some specific aspects will find useful authoritative references in the text, making this paper a good introduction to all aspects of heterogeneous catalysis.