gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotor cage fault detection in induction motor using global modulation index on the instantaneous power spectrum (2003)

Electric motors play a very important role in the safe and efficient running of any industrial plant. Early detection of abnormalities in the motor will help to avoid costly breakdowns. Accordingly, this work presents a technique for the diagnosis of broken rotor bar in induction motor. Stator voltages and currents in an induction motor were measured and employed for computation of the input power of one stator phase. Waveforms of the instantaneous power were subsequently analysed using the Bartlett periodogram. The latter is calculated either with a rectangular window or a Hanning's window. The evaluation of the global modulation index on the instantaneous power spectrum is used for fault detection. Several rotor cage faults of increasing severity were studied with various load effects. We show some experimental results to prove the efficiency of the employed method.
Comment on “Volumes spanned by random points in the hypercube” (2009)

Abstract We symbolically evaluate a definite integral (due to Dyer, Füredi &amp; McDiarmid 2 ) in connection with threshold phenomena for convex hull volumes strictly within the unit d ‐dimensional hypercube as d → ∞. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
P01.04: The efficiency of ultrasonographic risk assessment for Down syndrome (URAD) and calculated final risk for Down syndrome (DS) screening (2006)

To assess the efficiency of both URAD, and final risk assessment based on URAD, maternal age, and/or maternal serum screening for the detection of DS. Between 9/1/03 and 9/1/05, 1339 (22.3%) of 6000 patients at risk for DS were enrolled in our URAD screening program between 17–22 weeks gestation. Patients with a desire for a diagnostic test, a fetal anomaly, or declined testing were excluded from the URAD program. 81 patients (6%) failed to complete URAD due to inappropriate gestational age, unfavorable fetal position, maternal weight or inability to complete anatomic survey. URAD included 6 fetal markers. If any marker was noted, the URAD was considered positive. The markers used were: nuchal thickness (likelihood ratio [LR] = 11), echogenic bowel (LR = 6.7), short femur (LR = 1.5) or short humerus (LR = 5), echogenic intracardiac focus (LR = 1.8) and pyelectasis (LR = 1.5). If a single marker was noted, the initial risk, which was based on maternal age and/or maternal serum screening, was multiplied by the LR of that marker. When more than one marker was found, then the initial risk was multiplied by the highest LR or 6.2. The absence of a marker had a LR of 0.5. Eight patients in the study group had DS. The distributions of these patients are noted below on the basis of either the presence or absence of a URAD marker or if their final calculated risk was less than or greater than 1/270. The relative risk (RR) of having Down syndrome with a positive URAD is 10.6 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.6–43.9. The RR with a final risk of > 1/270 is 13.5 with 95% CI 1.7–109.6. Although the prevalence of DS in our study is low, both URAD and calculated final risk are efficient screening techniques. Final risk based on URAD, maternal age and/or maternal serum screening is the more efficient predictor of this condition over URAD alone.
Characterization of Conditioned Media Collected from Cultured Adult versus Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2011)

Adult and fetal RPE cells have significantly different trophic factor secretion profiles, which correlate with differences in their ability to support porcine retina survival. Combined with trophic factor receptor occupancy calculations, these data implicate VEGF-A and PEDF as key RPE-derived factors promoting preservation of retinal structure and function.
Controlling impedance at the man/machine interface (2003)

Recent work on the dynamics of interactions between humans and machined is reviewed. An experimental apparatus for simulating virtual environments and investigating the man/machine interface is described. Relevant experiments on the mechanical impedance of the human arm are reviewed. Despite active neuromuscular feedback control, the human arm exhibits the impedance of a passive object. Preliminary results of some experiments on the adaptability of human arm impedance are presented. These results indicate limitation in the rapidity of parameter adaptation in humans.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mowgli WWW software: improved usability of WWW in mobile WAN environments (2002)

Today the World-Wide Web is the most widely used distributed application. By utilising the data services of cellular telephone systems such as the digital GSM, WWW can be brought to nomadic users. However, the characteristics of cellular telephone links differ greatly from wire-line links. The narrow bandwidth, highly variable transmission delays, and sudden disconnections create problems for many Internet applications. WWW uses the HTTP and TCP/IP protocols, which exhibit a number of usability and performance problems in wide-area mobile networks. Mowgli WWW, a WWW middleware implementation, exploits several new techniques to solve these problems. Although Mowgli WWW was initially designed for a wireless WAN environment, the techniques are also profitable in fixed networks when slow or high-latency communication links are involved.
Advances in Diode Laser Absorption Sensors for Combustion and Propulsion (2006)

Laser-based spectroscopic diagnostics provide unique capabilities for in situ sensing of reactive flows, and as a result such sensors are utilized increasingly in the development and control of advanced combustion systems. This presentation will provide an overview of recent progress in the evolution of tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption, a line-of-sight technique with the capability of fast or even continuous measurements of multiple flowfield quantities including species, temperature and mass flux. The rapid growth in applications of TDL methods to practical combustors and propulsion systems will be highlighted with examples including gas turbine combustors, IC engines, pulse detonation engines, scramjets, and hypersonic tunnels.
Quelques résultats concernant l'étude de l'attraction des mâles par les femelles vierges chez Trichogramma maidis (Hym. Tricho-grammatidae) (1983)

Les ♀ vierges de Trichogramma maidis émettent des substances attirant les ♂ (phéromones sexuelles ?) à faible distance (quelques centimètres). La dose de substance, l'heure et la température ont peu d'influence dans les limites étudiées. L'action à faible distance de ces substances interdit, pour la Lutte Biologique, l'épandage d'individus isolés, sinon sous forme de populations très importantes.
Blended De-signature - A New Approach to Source Separation (2017)

Summary A blended dataset is nothing but an unblended dataset generated by a blended source, and if the source signature of this blended source is known, the dataset can be de-blended by deconvolution. This paper illustrates a new methodology that uses this idea to perform source separation when the source signatures of the blended sources are different and known. This methodology does not require random delays, and can be used jointly with other de-blending methods. The effectiveness of the suggested methodology, alone or combined with other de-blending steps, is demonstrated using a synthetically blended real dataset obtained combining datasets from two different sources firing on the same streamer. The results suggest that, for a similar level of residual overlap energy, the application of de-signature before other deblending steps improves the signal preservation of the whole de-blending processing.
Synthesis of Various Classes of Cyanine Fluorophores and Their Application In In Vivo Tissue Imaging (2022)

A novel series of near-infrared fluorescent contrast agents was developed and characterized. Their physicochemical and optical properties were measured. By altering functional groups of cyanine fluorophores, the selective targeting of endocrine glands, exocrine glands, cartilage and bone using NIR fluorescence to visualize the targeted tissue has been reported. These agents have high specificity for tissue targeting inherent to the chemical structure of the fluorophore. After a single low-dose intravenous injection these agents have high specificity for tissue targeting inherent to the chemical structure of the fluorophore. The results lay the foundation for future improvements in optical imaging in endocrine surgery, tissue engineering, joint surgery, and cartilage-specific drug development.
Fast fourier transform techniques for solving the electric field integral equation for a periodic body (1992)

The authors present a method of applying fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques to the solution of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) on finite periodic bodies using the methodof- moments (MoM). These techniques are used to speed matrix–vector multiplications in an iterative solution of the discretized EFIE, and to save memory space required for storing the impedance matrix. An individual array element can have arbitrary three-dimensional structure and be electrically connected to its neighbors. The method is independent of the type of basis functions used, of the method of surface patching, and of the field excitation (which need not be periodic). The algorithm can be applied both to scattering and to antenna problems. The authors demonstrate improvements in speed-of-execution and memory required.
Engineering of efficiency limiting free carriers and an interfacial energy barrier for an enhancing piezoelectric generation (2012)

The energy harvesting efficiency is of tremendous importance for the realization of a high output-power nanogenerator serving as the basis for self-powered electronics. Here we report that the device performance of a sound-driven piezoelectric energy nanogenerator (SPENG) is remarkably improved by controlling both the carrier density and the interfacial energy in a semiconducting ZnO nanowire (NW), thereby achieving its intrinsic efficiency limits. A SPENG with carrier-controlled ZnO NWs exhibits excellent energy harvesting characteristics with an average power density of 0.9 mW cm−3, as well as a near 50 fold increase in both output voltage and current compared to those of a conventional ZnO NW. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that an optimized SPENG is large enough and very suitable to drive electrophoretic ink displays based on voltage-drive systems. This fundamental progress makes it possible to fabricate high performance nanogenerators for viable industrial applications in portable/wearable personal electronics such as electronic papers and smart identity cards.
Reconstructive Challenges in the Extended Endoscopic Transclival Approach (2013)

Objective: The extended endoscopic approach (EEA) to clival tumors has become an accepted alternative to traditional open approaches with comparative levels of tumor resection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are the most common postoperative complication encountered after EEA. Although the reported rate of CSF leaks for EEA have continued to decrease in the reported literature, the transclival approach still continues to present significant reconstructive challenges. Our objective is to present our experience with EEA to clival pathology with specific focus on skull base reconstruction and CSF leak. We sought to examine the factors that make reconstruction in this region more challenging than elsewhere and hope to shed light on technical nuances that can help to prevent this complication.
Overnight Rostral Fluid Shifts Exacerbate Obstructive Sleep Apnea After Stroke (2021)

This population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study showed that in hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke, nocturnal rostral fluid shifts occurred, and 2 of the 3 measures were associated with greater OSA severity. Interventions that limit overnight fluid shifts should be tested as potential treatments for OSA among patients with subacute ischemic stroke.
Local Virus Extinctions following a Host Population Bottleneck (2015)

The extent to which viruses can persist in small isolated populations depends on multiple host, viral, and environmental factors. The absence of prior infections may put an immunologically naive population at risk for disease outbreaks. Isolated populations originating from a small number of founder individuals are therefore considered at increased risk following contact with populations with a greater variety of viruses. Here, we compared the plasma virome of West African green monkeys to that in their descendants after importation of a small number of animals to the Caribbean. A lentivirus and a pegivirus were found in the West African population but not in the Caribbean population. Highly diverse anelloviruses were found in both populations. A small founder population, limited to infants and young juvenile monkeys, may have eliminated the sexually transmitted viruses from the Caribbean AGMs, while anelloviruses, acquired at an earlier age, persisted through the host population bottleneck.
A plasmid encoding enzymes for nylon oligomer degradation: nucleotide sequence and analysis of pOAD2 (1995)

Summary: The entire nucleotide sequence of nylon oligomer degradative plasmid pOAD2 from Flavobacterium sp. KI723T1 was determined. pOAD2 comprises 45519 bp, with a 66.6 mol% G + C content. The precise loci of the four nylon oligomer degradation genes, namely nylA (6-aminohexanoate-cyclic-dimer hydrolase gene), nylB) (6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase), nylB&apos; (a gene having 88% homology to nylB) and nylC (endo-type 6-aminohexanoate oligomer hydrolase), and five IS6100 elements were identified on this plasmid. Comparison of the sequence of pOAD2 with those in the GenBank and EMBL databases revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences from eight regions of pOAD2 had significant similarity with the sequences of gene products such as oppA-F (oligopeptide permeases), ftsX (filamentation temperature sensitive), penDE (isopenicillin N-acyltransferase) and rep (plasmid incompatibility). A functional map of pOAD2 is presented.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) Modified Porous Graphitic Carbon Stationary Phase for Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (2016)

We report a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-coated porous graphitic carbon (PGC, Hypercarb) packing as a novel stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The exterior and the pores of the PGC particles are coated with a thin layer of PVA by soaking the particles in a PVA solution, filtering, and thermally cross-linking the PVA. Such PVA coated PGC particles (5.7 μm diameter), hereinafter called PVA-PGC are stable at least through pH 1.0-12.7, can be made in <2 h, and exhibit different selectivity relative to six commercial HILIC phases and bare PGC. To our knowledge, this is the first fully pH-stable, completely neutral HILIC phase. Excellent efficiency stable is observed for polar analytes (∼70 000 and 118 000 plates/m for cytosine and resorcinol, respectively). Retention closely resembles standard HILIC behavior. Other substances can also be easily incorporated in the PVA layer; an anion exchange column can be readily made by incorporating diallyldimethylammonium chloride in the PVA coating solution. The ease of preparation without the requirement of synthetic skills or paraphernalia and the possibility of incorporating a variety of modifiers makes this a particularly versatile approach.
Evaluating Fluorinated Acrylic Latices as Textile Water and Oil Repellent Finishes (2001)

Three fluoropolymer latices, two of them commercially available and the third synthesized as a reference material, are applied by padding to wool, cotton, and polyester fabrics, and their performance is evaluated by means of technological standard test methods for water repellency, oil repellency, fabric hand, and mechanical properties. Surface modifications are further characterized by electron microscopy and less conventional techniques such as static and dynamic contact angle measurements, in order to assess the relevance of the surface composition and structure, at the microscopic level, for the observed properties of the fabric at the macroscopic level. The fluorinated coating does not significantly alter textile hand. Improved water and oil repellency, assessed by technological tests, generally correlate well to observed static and dynamic contact angle variations, although the latter are the result of a combination of contributions, including those deriving from composition and morphological heterogeneity of the surface exposed to wetting.
The Taste Receptor TAS1R3 Regulates Small Intestinal Tuft Cell Homeostasis (2020)

Tuft cells are an epithelial cell type critical for initiating type 2 immune responses to parasites and protozoa in the small intestine. To respond to these stimuli, intestinal tuft cells use taste chemosensory signaling pathways, but the role of taste receptors in type 2 immunity is poorly understood. In this study, we show that the taste receptor TAS1R3, which detects sweet and umami in the tongue, also regulates tuft cell responses in the distal small intestine. BALB/c mice, which have an inactive form of TAS1R3, as well as <i>Tas1r3</i>-deficient C57BL6/J mice both have severely impaired responses to tuft cell-inducing signals in the ileum, including the protozoa <i>Tritrichomonas muris</i> and succinate. In contrast, TAS1R3 is not required to mount an immune response to the helminth <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i>, which infects the proximal small intestine. Examination of uninfected <i>Tas1r3<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice revealed a modest reduction in the number of tuft cells in the proximal small intestine but a severe decrease in the distal small intestine at homeostasis. Together, these results suggest that TAS1R3 influences intestinal immunity by shaping the epithelial cell landscape at steady-state.
Replication control of plasmid R1: disruption of an inhibitory RNA structure that sequesters the repA ribosome‐binding site permits tap‐independent RepA synthesis (1994)

The replication frequency of plasmid R1 is controlled by an antisense RNA, CopA, that inhibits the synthesis of the replication initiator protein, RepA, at the post-transcriptional level. This inhibition is indirect and affects translation of a leader peptide reading frame (tap). Translation of tap is required for repA translation (Blomberg et al., 1992). Here we asked whether an RNA stem-loop sequestering the repA ribosome-binding site blocks tap translation-independent repA expression. Destabilization of this structure resulted in tap-independent RepA synthesis, concomitant with a loss of CopA-mediated inhibition; thus, CopA acts at the level of tap translation. Structure probing of RepA mRNAs confirmed that the introduced mutations induced a local destabilization in the repA ribosome-binding site stem-loop. An increased spacing between the repA Shine-Dalgarno region and the start codon permitted even higher repA expression. In Incl alpha/IncB plasmids, an RNA pseudoknot acts as an activator for rep translation. We suggest that the regulatory pathway in plasmid R1 does not involve an activator RNA pseudoknot.
(E)-N-[2-(Benzyliminomethyl)phenyl]-2,6-diisopropylaniline (2009)

The mol-ecular conformation of the title compound, C(26)H(30)N(2), is reinforced by an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond, resulting in an almost planar [mean deviation of 0.023 (2) Å] S(6) ring. The dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the terminal unsubstituted and substituted aromatic rings are 64.45 (9) and 89.40 (8)°, respectively.
A transmission electron microscopy study of polycrystalline SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3 - δ creep in the diffusion-to-power law transition regime (2001)

Abstract This study is aimed at elucidating the nature of power-law creep, threshold stress and stress-induced diffusion in SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3—δ samples subjected to creep. A SrCo0.8Fe0.2O3—δ sample deformed in the transition from a diffusion to a power-law creep regime (900°C, 50 MPa and 15% strain) as well as an assintered sample were analysed by transmission electron microscopy and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The dislocation structure has been found to be highly non-uniform with areas of high dislocation density confined only within a set of well-separated grains. The dislocation structure and distribution indicate that this compound deforms by cooperative grain-boundary sliding in the transition regime. In the grains that do deform by dislocation movement, deformation is achieved by slip through the screw {110}(110) system. A planar map of the composition distribution of constituent cations revealed large fluctuations in cation composition over distances of the order of 100–200nm, as well as a complementary distribution trend of cobalt and iron. This behaviour is found to be due to sequential stress-induced diffusion of cations, which is in accordance with the temperature dependence of the apparent activation energy. The concentration profiles perpendicular to grain boundaries clearly reveal no preferential segregation of cations at neither random nor coincident-site lattice grain boundaries, which excludes dopant segregation as the mechanism responsible for the threshold stress-like behaviour at low stresses.
TH‐A‐217BCD‐08: BEST IN PHYSICS (IMAGING) ‐ Quantification of Breast Density with Spectral Mammography (2012)

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of quantification of volumetric breast density using photon‐counting spectral mammography. Methods: A computer simulation model using polyenergetic spectra from a tungsten anode x‐ray tube and a Si‐based photon‐counting detector has been evaluated for breast density quantification. The figure‐of‐merit (FOM), which was defined as the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the dual energy image with respect to the square root of the mean glandular dose (MGD), was chosen to optimize the imaging protocols, in terms of beam energy and splitting energy. A scanning multi‐slit photon‐counting spectral mammography system was used in the experimental study to quantitatively measure breast density using dual energy decomposition with glandular and adipose equivalent phantoms of uniform thickness. Four phantom studies were designed, which covered various thicknesses ranged from 2.0 to 8.5 cm and densities ranged from 0% to 100%. In addition to the standard calibration fitting function used for dual energy decomposition, a modified third order fitting function was also investigated. Results: The optimal splitting energies for breast density quantification with clinically relevant beam energies were suggested from the FOM simulation for various breast thicknesses. In the physical phantom studies, the RMS errors in breast density quantification were approximately 1.54% and 1.35% for measurements using the standard and the modified calibration fitting function, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that photon‐counting spectral mammography can be implemented in screening exam to measure volumetric breast density with high accuracy, which can potentially have a high impact in the assessment of breast cancer risk.