gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enforcing service availability in mobile ad-hoc WANs (2002)

We address the problem of service availability in mobile ad-hoc WANs. We present a secure mechanism to stimulate end users to keep their devices turned on, to refrain from overloading the network, and to thwart tampering aimed at converting the device into a "selfish" one. Our solution is based on the application of a tamper resistant security module in each device and cryptographic protection of messages.
Method to produce furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (2023)

A process to produce furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The process includes the steps of reacting a C6 sugar-containing reactant in a reaction solution comprising a first organic solvent selected from the group consisting of beta-, gamma-, and delta-lactones, hydrofurans, hydropyrans, and combinations thereof, in the presence of an acid catalyst for a time and under conditions wherein at least a portion of the C6 sugar present in the reactant is converted to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF); oxidizing the HMF into FDCA with or without separating the HMF from the reaction solution; and extracting the FDCA by adding an aprotic organic solvent having a dipole moment of about 1.0 D or less to the reaction solution.
Bed Closures and Incarceration Rates Among Users of Veterans Affairs Mental Health Services (2000)

Substantial proportions of mental health system users were incarcerated during the study period, especially younger men and those with both substance use and mental health disorders. Rates of incarceration were similar across health care systems. The closure of a substantial number of VA mental health inpatient beds did not seem to affect the rate of incarceration among VA service users.
Local Explanations via Necessity and Sufficiency: Unifying Theory and Practice (2022)

Abstract Necessity and sufficiency are the building blocks of all successful explanations. Yet despite their importance, these notions have been conceptually underdeveloped and inconsistently applied in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), a fast-growing research area that is so far lacking in firm theoretical foundations. In this article, an expanded version of a paper originally presented at the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (Watson et al., 2021), we attempt to fill this gap. Building on work in logic, probability, and causality, we establish the central role of necessity and sufficiency in XAI, unifying seemingly disparate methods in a single formal framework. We propose a novel formulation of these concepts, and demonstrate its advantages over leading alternatives. We present a sound and complete algorithm for computing explanatory factors with respect to a given context and set of agentive preferences, allowing users to identify necessary and sufficient conditions for desired outcomes at minimal cost. Experiments on real and simulated data confirm our method’s competitive performance against state of the art XAI tools on a diverse array of tasks.
Effect of the Substitution Pattern (Peripheral vs Non-Peripheral) on the Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Magnetic Properties of Octahexylsulfanyl Copper Phthalocyanines (2018)

In order to investigate the substitution position effect on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and magnetic properties of copper phthalocyanines, a detailed structure-property analysis has been performed by examining two copper phthalocyanines that are octasubstituted by hexylsulfanyl chains respectively in the peripheral (Cu-P) and non-peripheral (Cu-NP) positions. Cu-NP showed a marked near-IR maximum absorption compared to Cu-P and, accordingly, a smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap, calculated via the electrochemical results and simulations in the gas phase, as well as for Cu-NP from its crystallographic data. An electron-spin resonance (ESR) technique is used to extract the g values from the powder spectra that are taken at room temperature. The g values were determined to be g<sub>∥</sub> = 2.160 and g<sub>⊥</sub> = 2.045 for Cu-P and g<sub>∥</sub> = 2.150 and g<sub>⊥</sub> = 2.050 for Cu-NP. These values indicate that the paramagnetic copper center in both phthalocyanines has axial symmetry with a planar anisotropy ( g<sub>∥</sub> > g<sub>⊥</sub>). The ESR spectra in solution could be obtained only for Cu-P. Curie law is used to fit the experimental data of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature graphs, and the Curie constant ( C) and diamagnetic/temperature-independent paramagnetic (α) contributions are deduced as 0.37598 (0.39576) cm<sup>3</sup>·K/mol and -23 × 10<sup>-5</sup> (25 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) cm<sup>3</sup>/mol respectively for Cu-P and Cu-NP. The room temperature magnetic moment value (1.70 μ<sub>B</sub>) is close to the spin-only value (1.73 μ<sub>B</sub>) for the peripheral complex, showing that there is no orbital contribution to μ<sub>eff</sub>. In contrast, at room temperature, the value of the magnetic moment (1.77 μ<sub>B</sub>) is above the spin-only value, showing an orbital contribution to the magnetic moment. Cu-NP's room temperature magnetic moment value is larger than the value for Cu-P, demonstrating that the orbital contribution to the magnetic moment depends upon the substituent position. The magnitudes of the effective magnetic moment values also support that both Cu-P and Cu-NP complexes have square-planar coordination. This result is consistent with the determined g values. The spin densities were determined experimentally, and the results suggest that the positions of the substituents affect these values (0.469 for Cu-P and 0.490 for Cu-NP).
Murine Axial Compression Tibial Loading Model to Study Bone Mechanobiology: Implementing the Model and Reporting Results (2019)

ABSTRACT In vivo, tibial loading in mice is increasingly used to study bone adaptation and mechanotransduction. To achieve standardized and defined experimental conditions, loading parameters and animal‐related factors must be considered when performing in vivo loading studies. In this review, we discuss these loading and animal‐related experimental conditions, present methods to assess bone adaptation, and suggest reporting guidelines. This review originated from presentations by each of the authors at the workshop “Developing Best Practices for Mouse Models of In Vivo Loading” during the Preclinical Models Section at the Orthopaedic Research Society Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 2017. Following the meeting, the authors engaged in detailed discussions with consideration of relevant literature. The guidelines and recommendations in this review are provided to help researchers perform in vivo loading experiments in mice, and thus further our knowledge of bone adaptation and the mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:233‐252, 2020
Determining the Feasibility of Using Vertical Boreholes to Drain Gas from the Pocahontas No. 3 Coalbed, Buchanan County, Va (1980)

ABSTRACT In July 1979, a project was established to determine the feasibility of using vertical boreholes to degasify the Pocahontas No. 3 coalbed in advance of mining. To date, three methane gas drainage boreholes have been completed near the Virginia Pocahontas No. 5 mine in Buchanan County, Va. Various coalbed reservoir tests and in-situ stress determinations have been performed. Hydraulic stimulation treatments were designed and implemented at two boreholes, followed by preliminary gas and water production testing.
Autonome Optimierung des Verhaltens von Fahrzeugsteuerungen auf der Basis von Verstärkungslernen (2006)

Fahrsysteme oder Fahrerassistenzsysteme sind bereits seit einigen Jahren\nBestandteil von Forschungsprojekten. Dabei umfassen diese meist zwei\nwesentliche Bestandteile: die Erfassung der Umwelt sowie die Generierung von\nSteuerungsbefehlen. Die Lernfähigkeit solcher Projekte gewinnt zunehmend an\nBedeutung und ist der Hauptfokus der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit - wobei\nLernfähigkeit als Optimierung von Fahrverhalten verstanden wird, d.h. die\nAuswahl vom optimalen Verhalten für eine jeweilige Situation.\n&lt;br /&gt;\nDie vorliegende Arbeit setzt für die Lernfähigkeit erstmals ein System basierend\nauf Verstärkungslernen (Reinforcement Learning) ein – dies im Gegensatz zu\nbisherigen Arbeiten im ähnlichen Umfeld basierend auf Modellierung oder\nNeuronalen Netzen. Im Kern der Arbeit werden Situationen klassifiziert und für\njede Situation eine mögliche Anzahl von Verhalten ermittelt. Durch\nVerstärkungslernen werden diese Verhalten bewertet und die entsprechenden\nSituationsbewertungen konvergieren über die Zeit. Fazit: es wird autonom\nermittelt, welche Verhalten in einer Situation angemessen sind und welche nicht.\n&lt;br /&gt;\nNeben einer mathematischen Abhandlung über das Konvergenzverhalten von\nVerstärkungslernen-Systemen wird mit unterschiedlichen Testreihen die\nFunktionsweise des o.g. Ansatzes im Rahmen einer konkreten Implementierung\nnachgewiesen und die Konvergenz der Situationsbewertungen untersucht.
BSACI guidelines for the management of chronic urticaria and angio‐oedema (2007)

This guidance for the management of patients with chronic urticaria and angio-oedema has been prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI). The guideline is based on evidence as well as on expert opinion and is aimed at both adult physicians and paediatricians practising in allergy. The recommendations are evidence graded. During the development of these guidelines, all BSACI members were included in the consultation process using a web-based system. Their comments and suggestions were carefully considered by the SOCC. Where evidence was lacking a consensus was reached by the experts on the committee. Included in this guideline are clinical classification, aetiology, diagnosis, investigations, treatment guidance with special sections on children with urticaria, and the use of antihistamines in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Finally, we have made recommendations for potential areas of future research.
Serum Levels of Advanced Glycation End Products Are Associated with In-Stent Restenosis in Diabetic Patients (2005)

The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), in various tissues has been known to enhance immunoinflammatory reactions and local oxidant stresses in long standing diabetes. Recently, AGEs have been reported to play a role in neointimal formation in animal models of arterial injury. We attempted to determine whether the serum levels of AGEs are associated with coronary restenosis in diabetic patients. Blood samples were collected from diabetic patients with coronary artery disease undergoing stent implantation and the serum levels of AGEs were analyzed by the fluorescent intensity method. The development of in-stent restenosis (ISR) was evaluated by a 6-month follow-up coronary angiography. A total of 263 target lesions were evaluated, in 203 patients. The ISR rate in the high-AGE (>170 U/ml) group (40.1%) was significantly higher than in the low-AGE group ( 170 U/ml) (19.6%) (p<0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that a high level of serum AGEs is an independent risk factor for the development of ISR (odds ratio, 2.659; 95% CI, 1.431-4.940; p=0.002). The serum levels of AGEs constitute an excellent predictive factor for ISR, and should be one of the guidelines for medical therapy and interventional strategy to prevent ISR in diabetic patients.
REGULATION OF MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1β (MIP-1 β) IN A RAT MODEL OF ACUTE LUNG INJURY (1997)

Schmal, Hagen; Bless, Nicolas; Czermak, Boris J.; Friedl, Hans P.; Ward, Peter A. Author Information
Expression of a kinase-deficient IGF-I-R suppresses tumorigenicity of rhabdomyosarcoma cells constitutively expressing a wild type IGF-I-R (1998)

Previous results have shown that the insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-I-R) plays a critical role in the control of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a mutated IGF-I-R, when expressed in RMS cells, may interfere with the function of the endogenous wild-type IGF-I-R. We also examined whether the expression of a mutated IGF-I-R may induce phenotypic changes in RMS cells. We used here the mutated IGF-I-R with a lysine to arginine residue 1003 substitution, called IGF-I-KR, which carries a mutation in the ATP-binding domain of the intracellular beta subunit, while the extracellular, ligand binding alpha subunit remains unchanged. We observed that the expression of this mutated IGF-I-KR markedly decreased the response of RMS cells to stimulation with IGF-I. While stimulation with IGF-I increases the autophosphorylation of IGF-I-R in the parent cells, stimulation with IGF-I failed to produce a comparable increase in autophosphorylation in the cells expressing the mutated IGF-I-KR. We also observed a decreased plating efficiency of cells expressing the mutated IGF-I-KR. Consistently, a decrease of RMS growth in vivo was observed in an animal model. Our data suggest that the IGF/IGF-I-R signaling pathway may be inhibited by expressing a mutated IGF-I-KR and that such a mutant gene could be utilized in developing novel therapeutic strategies to suppress RMS growth. 1998.
Effect of one year continuous subcutaneous infusion of a somatostatin analogue, octreotide, on early retinopathy, metabolic control and thyroid function in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1990)

Growth hormone is assumed to be involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. In a randomized study we evaluated the possible effects of one year treatment with a somatostatin (SRIH) analogue, octreotide, on early retinopathy and on metabolism in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Eleven patients were allocated to treatment with a continuous sc infusion of 400 micrograms octreotide per day and 9 served as controls. Only 7 patients from each group completed the study. Three octreotide-treated patients left the study owing to severe diarrhea. The subjects were evaluated at entry, after 2, 6 and 12 months treatment, and 2 months after withdrawal. Octreotide induced a decrease in GH secretion, expressed as the area under the 24 h serum GH profiles (p less than 0.05), and of the serum levels of IGF-I (p less than 0.05). The entire decline in GH levels occurred during the daytime, whereas the nocturnal levels were unaffected. Retinopathy, as assessed by determination of the blood retina barrier permeability, by colour fundus photography, and flurescein angiography was unchanged in both groups. Apart from a decline in insulin requirements, octreotide had no major effect on glycemic control, but induced a mild transient pituitary hypothyroidism, not clinically relevant. We conclude that treatment with octreotide for one year has modest effects on GH, IGF-I, and glucose metabolism, but has no significant effect on early retinopathy in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
Genome-Based Identification of Cancer Genes by Proviral Tagging in Mouse Retrovirus-Induced T-Cell Lymphomas (2003)

The identification of tumor-inducing genes is a driving force for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. Many retroviruses induce tumors by insertion of viral DNA adjacent to cellular oncogenes, resulting in altered expression and/or structure of the encoded proteins. The availability of the mouse genome sequence now allows analysis of retroviral common integration sites in murine tumors to be used as a genetic screen for identification of large numbers of candidate cancer genes. By positioning the sequences of inverse PCR-amplified, virus-host junction fragments within the mouse genome, 19 target genes were identified in T-cell lymphomas induced by the retrovirus SL3-3. The candidate cancer genes included transcription factors (Fos, Gfi1, Lef1, Myb, Myc, Runx3, and Sox3), all three D cyclins, Ras signaling pathway components (Rras2/TC21 and Rasgrp1), and Cmkbr7/CCR7. The most frequent target was Rras2. Insertions as far as 57 kb away from the transcribed portion were associated with substantially increased transcription of Rras2, and no coding sequence mutations, including those typically involved in Ras activation, were detected. These studies demonstrate the power of genome-based analysis of retroviral insertion sites for cancer gene discovery, identify several new genes worth examining for a role in human cancer, and implicate the pathways in which those genes act in lymphomagenesis. They also provide strong genetic evidence that overexpression of unmutated Rras2 contributes to tumorigenesis, thus suggesting that it may also do so if it is inappropriately expressed in human tumors.
[Microscopic analysis of saphenous veins used for aortocoronary bypass]. (1986)

The Authors describe a study performed on a sample of 88 saphenous veins used as aorto-coronary bypass grafts. The patients underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Ancona from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1984. The morphological analysis (light and electron microscope) was conducted with a comparative method between two surgical techniques (ST). The first refers (Group I) to 1981-82, the second (Group II) to 1983-84. In Group I the veins were taken with a conventional surgical technique. In Group II the ST was performed using an atraumatic procedure, topic vasodilators, distension of the vein with autologous blood and driving pressure less than 150 mmHg, and storage of the vein in blood at room temperature. The results show that in Group II there is better preservation of the endothelial venous layer. The distending pressure of the venous graft (less than 150 mmHg) and prevention of venous spasm were statistically relevant (p less than 0.05). The AA. conclude that vein graft damage during surgery can be avoided by means of the following procedures: dissection of the vein with atraumatic technique; prevention of venous spasm with topic vasodilators; distension of the vein at pressure less than 150 mmHg.
Spectroscopic and laser investigation of Nd/sup 3+/:SrWO/sub 4/ Raman crystal (2004)

Laser operation of Nd/sup 3+/:SrWO/sub 4/ laser at 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength in the free-running and Q-switching mode was obtained. Raman self-conversion to 1.5 /spl mu/m wavelength was observed with appropriate cavity mirrors. The experiments proved that Nd/sup 3+/:SrWO/sub 4/ crystal could be perspective for laser and SRS applications and for developing laser systems with Raman self-conversion inside laser active medium.
A fast parallel SGD for matrix factorization in shared memory systems (2013)

Matrix factorization is known to be an effective method for recommender systems that are given only the ratings from users to items. Currently, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is one of the most popular algorithms for matrix factorization. However, as a sequential approach, SGD is difficult to be parallelized for handling web-scale problems. In this paper, we develop a fast parallel SGD method, FPSGD, for shared memory systems. By dramatically reducing the cache-miss rate and carefully addressing the load balance of threads, FPSGD is more efficient than state-of-the-art parallel algorithms for matrix factorization.
Polymorphisms in XPD Exons 10 and 23 and Bladder Cancer Risk (2005)

Although we did not observe main effects associated with the XPD genotypes, these results do suggest the variant allele genotypes were associated with increased bladder cancer risk in women and smokers with statistically significant interactions in the exon 23 polymorphism. Although there is biological plausibility, these novel findings for gender and smoking should be interpreted with caution upon confirmation in larger studies.
Inhibitory effect of HIV-specific neutralizing IgA on mucosal transmission of HIV in humanized mice (2012)

HIV-1 infections are generally initiated at mucosal sites. Thus, IgA antibody, which plays pivotal roles in mucosal immunity, might efficiently prevent HIV infection. However, mounting a highly effective HIV-specific mucosal IgA response by conventional immunization has been challenging and the potency of HIV-specific IgA against infection needs to be addressed in vivo. Here we show that the polymeric IgA form of anti-HIV antibody inhibits HIV mucosal transmission more effectively than the monomeric IgA or IgG1 form in a comparable range of concentrations in humanized mice. To deliver anti-HIV IgA in a continual manner, we devised a hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)-based genetic approach using an IgA gene. We transplanted human HSPCs transduced with a lentiviral construct encoding a class-switched anti-HIV IgA (b12-IgA) into the humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mice. The transgene was expressed specifically in B cells and plasma cells in lymphoid organs and mucosal sites. After vaginal HIV-1 challenge, mucosal CD4(+) T cells in the b12-IgA-producing mice were protected from virus-mediated depletion. Similar results were also obtained in a second humanized model, "human immune system mice." Our study demonstrates the potential of anti-HIV IgA in immunoprophylaxis in vivo, emphasizing the importance of the mucosal IgA response in defense against HIV/AIDS.
Microfluidics & nanotechnology: towards fully integrated analytical devices for the detection of cancer biomarkers (2014)

In this paper, we describe an innovative modular microfluidic platform allowing filtering, concentration and analysis of peptides from a complex mixture.
Case study of relevant pressures for an implanted hydrocephalus valve in everyday life (2012)

Hydrocephalus patients with increased intracranial pressure are generally treated by draining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the abdomen through an implanted shunt with a passive differential pressure valve. To perfectly adapt the valve's opening pressure to the patient's need, more information on the acutal pressure across the valve in everyday life actions like walking, eating, sleeping etc. is necessary.
Natural language question-answering systems: 1969 (1970)

Recent experiments in programming natural language question-answering systems are reviewed to summarize the methods that have been developed for syntactic, semantic, and logical analysis of English strings. It is concluded that at least minimally effective techniques have been devised for answering questions from natural language subsets in small scale experimental systems and that a useful paradigm has evolved to guide research efforts in the field. Current approaches to semantic analysis and logical inference are seen to be effective beginnings but of questionable generality with respect either to subtle aspects of meaning or to applications over large subsets of English. Generalizing from current small-scale experiments to language-processing systems based on dictionaries with thousands of entries—with correspondingly large grammars and semantic systems—may entail a new order of complexity and require the invention and development of entirely different approaches to semantic analysis and question answering.
Effect of irradiation on gallium arsenide solar cells with multi quantum well structures (2014)

In this paper, a complex analysis of the radiation response of GaAs solar cells with multi quantum wells (MQW) incorporated in the i-region of the device is presented. Electronic transport properties of the MQW i-region were assessed experimentally by the electron beam induced current (EBIC) technique. A 2-D EBIC diffusion model was applied to simulate EBIC line scans across device structure for different radiation doses. The results are interpreted using numerical modeling of the electrical field distribution at different radiation levels. Type conversion from n- to p-type was found in MQW i-region at displacement damage dose as low as low as ∼9.88E9 MeV/g. This is supported by experimental and simulated EBIC and electric field distribution results.