gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chenotherapy for gallstone dissolution. I. Efficacy and safety (1978)

Clinical experience with chenodeoxycholic acid therapy for dissolving gallstones is reported, with particular attention to determinants of response. Of 12 patients receiving 15 mg/kg/day or more, ten responded (83%); only 15 of 40 patients (38%) receiving less than 15 mg/kg/day responded. Large solitary stones and stones in gallbladders that visualized poorly after oral cholecystography had a lower response rate. Radiopaque stones did not respond in 18 patients. Five of ten patients with stones in the common bile duct responded. Small, dose-related elevations in SGOT were the only biochemical abnormality observed. Liver biopsy specimens showed no notable abnormality. Diarrhea was an infrequent problem. Stones recurred in three of 15 patients during six to 48 months of observation without treatment. Chenodeoxycholic acid, when given in adequate dosage, continues to appear promising as medical therapy for asymptomatic radiolucent gallstones in radiologically visualizing gallbladders. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1041-1046, 1978)
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE WITHIN ANESTHETIC CIRCUITS (1991)

Departments of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, Grady Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, and Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60611
Fondamenti di biomeccanica. Equilibrio, movimento e deformazione (2021)

FONDAMENTI DI BIOMECCANICA, a cura di Angelo Cappello e Lorenzo Chiari, con la collaborazione di Luca Cristofolini, è considerato un testo di riferimento a livello internazionale e si rivolge a platee di lettori molto diverse, con una cifra stilistica deliberatamente inclusiva. Gli Autori della terza edizione (Nihat Özkaya, Margareta Nordin, David Goldsheyder e Dawn Leger) hanno abbinato il necessario formalismo matematico con ampie sezioni descrittive, cercando di fare avvicinare ciascun lettore, indipendentemente dal suo retroterra culturale, al cuore dei costrutti fondamentali relativi a equilibrio, movimento e deformazione. Un corpus notevole di esempi ed esercizi risolti è di grande utilità pratica. La crescente domanda di competenze biomeccaniche in ambiti professionali diversi rende il testo adatto ai corsi di laurea e laurea magistrale di Ingegneria dell’Informazione o Industriale, Ingegneria Biomedica, Scienze delle Attività Motorie e Sportive, Scienze e Tecniche delle Attività Motorie Preventive e Adattate, Scienze e Tecniche dello Sport, Scienze delle Professioni Sanitarie della Riabilitazione e delle Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche, Medicina e Chirurgia.
Alveolar Complex Regeneration (2016)

Tooth-bone tissue engineering has the potential to create permanent biological replacement jaw bones and teeth as attractive alternatives to the currently used prosthetic teeth such as dental implants. The major challenge in designing functional bioengineered alveolar bones and teeth is to closely mimic both the structural and anisotropic mechanical characteristics of the native tissues. The field of tooth-bone regeneration has advanced towards the molecular and nanoscale design of biomimetic systems using biomaterials, stem cells, and bioactive agent delivery systems. The focus of this chapter is to discuss tooth-bone replacement using tissue engineering approaches. Biomimetic scaffolds can provide proper architectural cues, exhibit the capacity to support dental stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and sequester and release bioactive agents, such as growth factors and nucleic acids, in a spatiotemporal controlled manner. Additional research is needed to perfect methods that advantageously manipulate adult human dental stem cells and to devise the means to generate bioengineered teeth of predetermined size and shape.
Evidence That a 77-Kilodalton Protein from the Starch of Pea Embryos Is an Isoform of Starch Synthase That Is Both Soluble and Granule Bound (1996)

In this paper we provide further evidence about the nature of a 77-kD starch synthase (SSII) that is both soluble and bound to the starch granules in developing pea (Pisum sativum L.) embryos. Mature SSII gives rise to starch synthase activity when expressed in a strain of Escherichia coli lacking glycogen synthase. In transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) expressing SSII, the protein is both soluble and bound to the starch granules. These results confirm that SSII is a starch synthase and indicate that partitioning between the soluble and granule-bound fraction of storage organs is an intrinsic property of the protein. A 60-kD isoform of starch synthase found both in the soluble and granule-bound fraction of the pea embryos is probably derived by the processing of SSII and is a different gene product from GBSSI, the exclusively granule-bound 59-kD isoform of starch synthase that is similar to starch synthases encoded by the waxy genes of cereals and the amf gene of potatoes. Consistent with this, expression in E. coli of an N-terminally truncated version of SSII gives rise to starch synthase activity.
MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATED FROM A COMMUNITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC (2004)

The presence of VRE in a sample community of the Czech population was confirmed. It is clear that it is necessary to take into account the possibility of VRE spreading from the community into health care facilities.
A Mononuclear Tungsten Photocatalyst for H2 Production (2018)

We report herein a mononuclear, homogeneous photocatalyst for H2 production with sunlight. The synthesis and characterization of a (pyridyl)-N-heterocyclic carbene tungsten tetracarbonyl complex W(pyNHC)(CO)4 is described, and its application as a precatalyst for photocatalytic generation of H2 is evaluated. Electrochemical and photophysical studies were used to characterize and evaluate the precatalyst and in situ generated catalyst [W(pyNHC)(CO)3] for the visible-light-driven production of H2 in the presence of triflic acid and decamethylferrocene without an additional photosensitizer. Under irradiation with a solar-simulated spectrum, a catalyst turnover number (TON) of >17 in 3 h of reaction time is observed for the production of H2 with this system, which compares favorably to a prior reported (multinuclear) homogeneous photocatalyst using visible light (4 TON). Photonic energy was found to be necessary to access the active catalysts from the precatalyst and in the catalytic cycle. A mechanism is detailed on the basis of a combined photophysical and computational approach.
Microminiature flight test instrumentation (1990)

Recent advances in microelectronic technology have made possible new tools for the test and instrumentation of aerospace and ordnance hardware. Microminiature devices are being developed that either record or transmit test data that would be either impossible or impractical to collect with current technology. Honeywell has demonstrated 1) a subminiature telemetry package miniaturized by monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) so small that it can fit into a fully functional submunition for testing, and 2) a miniature solid-state recorder called the Stand-Alone Measurement Device, which is a battery-powered, selfactivating sensor that can be mounted in a remote location on a vehicle requiring no electrical interconnection and that provides instrumentation for testing that would otherwise be impossible (because of size) or economically impractical (because of wiring required to the vehicle).
Automatic Document Summarization using Sentiment Analysis (2016)

With the advent of information revolution, electronic documents have become the powerhouse of business and academic information. Modern organizations handle terabytes of data in text format alone. In order to fully understand and utilize these documents, it is necessary to be able to extract the essence of these documents. Having a system that would summarize text would thus be immensely useful in serving this need. For generating a summary, we have to identify the most important and relevant pieces of information from the document, omit irrelevant parts, and assemble them into a compact format. A lot of research has been performed for finding important sentences in a document. This research work focuses on identifying and extracting important parts of the document and to form a coherent summary using sentiment analysis. It uses a degrading extraction approach to create a document summarization framework where in, if one extraction strategy fails then the model gracefully degrades to another.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings That Form Carbon—Heteroatom and Carbon—Element Bonds (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lysine Peroxycarbamates:  Free Radical-Promoted Peptide Cleavage (2003)

Strategies are reported that combine in one step a predictable chemical-based protein digestion with mass spectrometry. Lysine residue amino groups in peptides and proteins are modified by reaction with a peroxycarbonate derived from p-nitrophenol, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The peroxycarbonate reacts with lysine residues in peptides and proteins, and the resulting lysine peroxycarbamates undergo homolytic fragmentation under conditions of low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). Observed fragmentation of the peptides involves apparent free radical processes including Hofmann-Löffler-type rearrangements that lead to peptide chain fragmentation. Strategies for directed cleavage of peptides by free radical promoted processes are feasible, and such strategies may well simplify schemes for protein analysis.
Novel deep neural network technique for detecting environmental effect of COVID-19 (2021)

The studies claim that COVID-19 has positive impacts on the environment because it minimizes air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution due to lockdown. On the contrary, COVID-19 is harming the environment due to increased medical wastage. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Due to the exponential growth of COVID-19 cases people using large quantities of medical accessories to shield themselves from coronavirus, a large amount of medical wastage is produced per day. This medical wastage is a major concern for the expert because this medical waste is not adequately handled. The early detection of the COVID patient is the only solution to control this coronavirus. Several COVID detection models have been proposed in the last few months. Most of the existing models have a high false-positive rate where COVID patients are classified as healthy. To address this problem, this paper explores the positive and negative environmental consequences of COVID-19 and suggests a novel method based on artificial intelligence (AI) to identify COVID-19 disease. A comparative analysis of different previously trained models such as Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet-19), Residual Network (ResNet50), and Inception ResNet V2 is presented in this paper. Experimental results show that Inception_ResNet_V2 is a better choice for COVID detection. It has a minimal false-positive rate and offers 99.26% and 94% higher training and test accuracy compared to VGGNet and ResNet, respectively.
Adipocyte-Specific Overexpression of FOXC2 Prevents Diet-Induced Increases in Intramuscular Fatty Acyl CoA and Insulin Resistance (2005)

Insulin resistance plays a major role in the development of type 2 diabetes and may be causally associated with increased intracellular fat content. Transgenic mice with adipocyte-specific overexpression of FOXC2 (forkhead transcription factor) have been generated and shown to be protected against diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. To understand the underlying mechanism, we examined the effects of chronic high-fat feeding on tissue-specific insulin action and glucose metabolism in the FOXC2 transgenic (Tg) mice. Whole-body fat mass were significantly reduced in the FOXC2 Tg mice fed normal diet or high-fat diet compared with the wild-type mice. Diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of the wild-type mice was associated with defects in insulin signaling and significant increases in intramuscular fatty acyl CoA levels. In contrast, FOXC2 Tg mice were completely protected from diet-induced insulin resistance and intramuscular accumulation of fatty acyl CoA. High-fat feeding also blunted insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production in the wild-type mice, whereas FOXC2 Tg mice were protected from diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. These findings demonstrate an important role of adipocyte-expressed FOXC2 on whole-body glucose metabolism and further suggest FOXC2 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Abstract TMP94: Frequencies of Hereditary Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Among Patients With Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy (2020)

Introduction: Recently, various causative genes have been identified in adult-onset white matter disorders. Some of these genes cause cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, the frequency of genetic CSVD is unknown in the group of adult-onset white matter disorders (leukoencephalopathy). The purpose of this study is to clarify the frequency of genetic CSVD in adult-onset leukoencephalopathy patients and to examine their clinical features. Methods: One hundred patients in the Japanese cohort were included. All patients had neurological symptoms/signs and white matter lesions of grade 3/III classified by Fazekas grade on magnetic resonance imaging. Initially, genetic tests for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1)- related CSVD and retinovasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL) were performed by Sanger method. For the remaining samples, we preformed whole exome sequencing. Patients were divided into groups according to the age at onset of neurological signs/symptoms and family history. Results: In 40 of 100 patients with leukoencephalopathy, we identified genetic mutations that cause CSVD: twenty-five patients with CADASIL,10 patients with HTRA1 -related CSVD, 3 patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), 1 patient with RVCL, and 1 patient with a mutation in COL4A1 . More than 85% patients have mutations in NOTCH3 or HTRA1 . In addition, we identified 3 patients with vanishing white matter disease, and 1 patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. The hereditary CSVDs other than CADASIL or HTRA1 -related CSVD were identified in the groups of age at onset ≤ 40 years-old irrespective of family history or age at onset ≤ 55 years-old with family history. Conclusions: The frequencies of genetic CSVDs were quite high among patients with leukoencephalopathy with neurological signs/symptoms. Although the genetic tests for CADASIL and HTRA1- related CSVD are sufficient for the most patients, we should consider the other genetic diseases especially for the patients with younger age onset of neurological signs/symptoms or positive family history.
Acoustic noise reduction in VSI-DFIM for electrical naval propulsion (2015)

In this paper, the authors treat one of the major problems noted in the association of electrical motors fed by the inverters, it is well known as the acoustic and vibratory noise. An electrical propulsion system mainly based on a Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM), operating in motor mode and supplied by two Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) is introduced. The modeling of the marine propeller is reported and the equations defining its behavior are established. A Stator Flux Oriented Control (SFOC) associated to different modulators (PWM) is chosen to control the system. These control methods are applied considering taking into considerations a real naval propulsion operating cycle. In order to choose the optimal law in term of acoustic noise, these laws are evaluated during a cruise cycle.
Methods for Elucidation of DNA-Anticancer Drug Interactions and their Applications in the Development of New Drugs (2016)

DNA damaging agents including anthracyclines, camptothecins and platinum drugs are among most frequently used drugs in the chemotherapeutic routine. Due to their relatively low selectivity for cancer cells, administration of these drugs is associated with adverse side effects, inherent genotoxicity with risk of developing secondary cancers. Development of new drugs, which could be spared of these drawbacks and characterize by improved antitumor efficacy, remains challenging yet vitally important task. These properties are in large part dictated by the selectivity of interaction between the drug and DNA and in this way the studies aimed at elucidating the complex interactions between ligand and DNA represent a key step in the drug development. Studies of the drug-DNA interactions encompass determination of DNA sequence specificity and mode of DNA binding as well as kinetic, dynamic and structural parameters of binding. Here, we consider the types of interactions between small molecule ligands and polynucleotides, how they are affected by DNA sequence and structure, and what is their significance for the antitumor activity. Based on this knowledge, we discuss the wide array of experimental techniques available to researchers for studying drug-DNA interactions, which include absorption and emission spectroscopies, NMR, magnetic and optical tweezers or atomic force microscopy. We show, using the clinical and experimental anticancer drugs as examples, how these methods provide various types of information and at the same time complement each other to provide full picture of drug- DNA interaction and aid in the development of new drugs.
Simple derivation of TFIID-dependent RNA polymerase II transcription systems from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and other organisms, and factors required for transcriptional activation. (1992)

Resolution of whole cell extract through two chromatographic steps yields a single protein fraction requiring only the addition of TFIID for the initiation of transcription at RNA polymerase II promoters. This approach allows the convenient generation of RNA polymerase II transcription systems from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, human lymphocytes, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. TFIIDs from all three organisms are interchangeable among all three systems. The S. cerevisiae and Sch. pombe systems support effects of acidic activator proteins, provided a further protein fraction from S. cerevisiae is supplied. This further fraction is distinct from the mediator of transcriptional activation described previously and represents a second component in addition to general initiation factors that may facilitate a response to acidic activators.
Crystal structure of metolazone, C 16 H 16 ClN 3 O 3 S (2019)

The crystal structure of metolazone has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Metolazone crystallizes in space group P -1 (#2) with a = 8.1976(5), b = 14.4615(69), c = 16.0993(86) Å, α = 115.009(18), β = 90.096(7), γ = 106.264(4)°, V = 1644.52(9) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The broad (02-1) peak at 3.42° 2 θ indicates stacking faults along this direction. The crystal structure consists of alternating polar and hydrocarbon layers parallel to the ac -plane. Only one of the sulfonamide groups acts as a hydrogen bond donor. Both ring nitrogen atoms act as hydrogen bond donors, but one forms an N–H···N hydrogen bond, while the other participates in an N–H···O bond. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™, to replace entry 00-066-1624.
SAR sensor employment planning for tactical aircraft (2010)

In this paper, an attempt is made to define the features of SAR employment planning problem for tactical aircraft in military operations. General concepts for use of airborne SAR to find and locate targets are described and formulated into a parameter optimization problem. The utility and constrains of SAR imaging followed by weapon delivery are described, which rely on target characteristics, threat distribution, terrain and attack conditions. Then some approaches to solving the technique problem are described. Although the interests expressed in this paper are motivated by capabilities that might be afforded by manned aircrafts, the concepts are relevant for unmanned air vehicles conducting battle reconnaissance tasks equipped with SAR sensors.
Janus Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to (Bio)Applications (2021)

Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) refer to the integration of two or more chemically discrepant composites into one structure system. Studies into JNPs have been of significant interest due to their interesting characteristics stemming from their asymmetric structures, which can integrate different functional properties and perform more synergetic functions simultaneously. Herein, we present recent progress of Janus particles, comprehensively detailing fabrication strategies and applications. First, the classification of JNPs is divided into three blocks, consisting of polymeric composites, inorganic composites, and hybrid polymeric/inorganic JNPs composites. Then, the fabrication strategies are alternately summarized, examining self-assembly strategy, phase separation strategy, seed-mediated polymerization, microfluidic preparation strategy, nucleation growth methods, and masking methods. Finally, various intriguing applications of JNPs are presented, including solid surfactants agents, micro/nanomotors, and biomedical applications such as biosensing, controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and combined theranostics. Furthermore, challenges and future works in this field are provided.
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation (2008)

The superiority of CBT to 20 weeks suggests that continued emphasis on the development of cognitive and behavioral strategies for maintaining non-smoking during an extended treatment phase may help smokers to maintain abstinence in the longer term. At present, the minimum duration of therapy is unknown.
Environmental assessment of the Urban Mining and Recycling (UMAR) unit by applying the LCA framework (2019)

In 2016, Empa inaugurated NEST ("Next Evolution in Sustainable Building Technologies"), a new type of building that expedites the innovation process by providing a platform where new developments in the built environment can be tested, verified and demonstrated under realistic conditions. One of the units within is the "Urban Mining and Recycling" (UMAR) unit by Werner Sobek with Dirk E. Hebel and Felix Heisel – a unit that demonstrates how a responsible approach of dealing with natural resources can go hand in hand with an appealing architectural design. The unit is underpinned by the proposition that all the resources required to construct the building must be fully reusable, recyclable or compostable and are therefore part of a circular economy; propositions that can be tested here in a kind of "real-life" laboratory. Empa's Technology &amp; Society Laboratory (TSL) established – in parallel to the integration of this unit into the NEST building – an ecological evaluation of this unit, using the tool of "life cycle assessment" (LCA). Compared to a hypothetical reference unit in same size and standard constructed out of common building materials such as concrete, the UMAR unit shows over its entire life cycle a reduction of the environmental impacts of 18% (for grey energy) to more than 40% (global warming potential).