gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time porphyrin detection in plaque and caries: a case study (2015)

An ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope, originally developed for cancer diagnosis, was used in a case study to locate plaque and caries. The imaging system incorporated software mitigation of background auto-fluorescence (AF). In conventional fluorescence imaging, varying AF across a tooth surface can mask low-level porphyrin signals. Laser-induced auto-fluorescence signals of dental tissue excited using a 405-nm laser typically produce fluorescence over a wavelength range extending from 440-nm to 750-nm. Anaerobic bacterial metabolism produces various porphyrin species (eg. protoporphyrin IX) that are located in carious enamel, dentin, gingivitis sites, and plaque. In our case study, these porphyrin deposits remained as long as one day after prophylaxis. Imaging the tooth surface using 405-nm excitation and subtracting the natural AF enhances the image contrast of low-level porphyrin deposits, which would otherwise be masked by the high background AF. In a case study, healthy tissues as well as sites of early and advanced caries formations were scanned for visual and quantitative signs of red fluorescence associated with porphyrin species using a background mitigation algorithm. Initial findings show increasing amplitudes of red fluorescence as caries severity increases from early to late stages. Sites of plaque accumulation also displayed red fluorescence similar to that found in carious dental tissue. The use of real-time background mitigation of natural dental AF can enhance the detection of low porphyrin concentrations that are indicators of early stage caries formation.
Intravenously Administered Vasodilatory Prostaglandins Increase Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow in Rats (2007)

We established an experimental system for measuring blood flow in the rat fundus and examined whether intravenously administered vasodilatory prostaglandins (PGE(1), PGE(2), and PGI(2)), 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (a cAMP analogue), and nicardipine (a Ca(2+)-channel blocker) increase fundus blood flow (FBF). Under artificial ventilation, rats were injected with tetrodotoxin (50 microg/kg, i.v.) to eliminate any nerve activity and prevent movement of the eye. After tetrodotoxin, the rats were infused with norepinephrine (0.3 - 0.5 microg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) and epinephrine (2.7 - 4.5 microg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) simultaneously to maintain adequate systemic circulation. We found that intravenous infusion of PGE(1) (2 - 10 microg . kg(-1) . min(-1)), PGE(2) (3 - 30 microg . kg(-1) . min(-1)), and PGI(2) (1 - 10 microg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) increased the FBF in a dose-dependent manner. The vasodilatory PGs decreased arterial pressure, whereas they did not affect heart rate. Like vasodilatory PGs, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (30 micromol/kg, i.v.) increased FBF and decreased arterial pressure. While infusion of nicardipine (0.3 - 3 microg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) produced comparable depressor responses with those to vasodilatory PGs and the cAMP analogue, it did not increase FBF. These results suggest that vasodilatory PGs and cAMP act more selectively than Ca(2+)-channel blockers on retinal/choroidal blood vessels. Therefore, the vasodilatory PGs might be considered to be possible candidates for the therapeutics to treat disorders of retinal/choroidal circulation.
Optimization of fed-batch fermentation for xylitol production by Candida tropicalis (2002)

Xylitol, a functional sweetener, was produced from xylose by biological conversion using Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803. Based on a two-substrate fermentation using glucose for cell growth and xylose for xylitol production, fed-batch fermentations were undertaken to increase the final xylitol concentration. The effects of xylose and xylitol on xylitol production rate were studied to determine the optimum concentrations for fed-batch fermentation. Xylose concentration in the medium (100 g l(-1)) and less than 200 g l(-1) total xylose plus xylitol concentration were determined as optimum for maximum xylitol production rate and xylitol yield. Increasing the concentrations of xylose and xylitol decreased the rate and yield of xylitol production and the specific cell growth rate, probably because of an increase in osmotic stress that would interfere with xylose transport, xylitol flux to secretion to cell metabolism. The feeding rate of xylose solution during the fed-batch mode of operation was determined by using the mass balance equations and kinetic parameters involved in the equations in order to increase final xylitol concentration without affecting xylitol and productivity. The optimized fed-batch fermentation resulted in 187 g l(-1) xylitol concentration, 0.75 g xylitol g xylose(-1) xylitol yield and 3.9 g xylitol l(-1) h(-1) volumetric productivity.
Cation exchange capacity and metal deposition; a suggestion; a reply (1971)

For reference to paper under discussion, see this Bibliography Vol. 34, No. 6, 02 E70-17929; for discussion, see above
Glass Substrates for Advanced Packaging (2014)

There has been substantial work done in the past few years to apply glass solutions for Advanced Packaging. Advantages of glass based solutions create significant opportunities by leveraging economies of scale, forming substrates at design thickness and leveraging thermal and electrical properties. A lot of work is being done to validate the value of glass as an interposer substrate. The ability to leverage both wafer and panel-based metallization strategies for filling glass vias has been shown. Transitioning these processes to cost-effectiveness and high throughput has shown great promise. The electrical performance of glass relative to silicon at high frequencies makes glass solutions very attractive, particularly in RF applications. Electrical models and characterization have demonstrated the advantages of the insulating properties of glass, and its positive impact on functional performance. Reliability tests show that glass solutions can meet device requirements. The substantial progress and readiness in these areas will be presented. Glass based solutions in panel format provide exciting and cost effective industry opportunities by leveraging economies of scale and glass forming technology. Existing technologies can be used to fill glass vias in a panel format, as well as apply redistribution layers. We will present the status of leveraging panel based technology to enable glass interposers.
The Phosphorylated Estrogen Receptor α (ER) Cistrome Identifies a Subset of Active Enhancers Enriched for Direct ER-DNA Binding and the Transcription Factor GRHL2 (2018)

Posttranslational modifications are key regulators of protein function, providing cues that can alter protein interactions and cellular location. Phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ER) at serine 118 (pS118-ER) occurs in response to multiple stimuli and is involved in modulating ER-dependent gene transcription. While the cistrome of ER is well established, surprisingly little is understood about how phosphorylation impacts ER-DNA binding activity. To define the pS118-ER cistrome, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed on pS118-ER and ER in MCF-7 cells treated with estrogen. pS118-ER occupied a subset of ER binding sites which were associated with an active enhancer mark, acetylated H3K27. Unlike ER, pS118-ER sites were enriched in GRHL2 DNA binding motifs, and estrogen treatment increased GRHL2 recruitment to sites occupied by pS118-ER. Additionally, pS118-ER occupancy sites showed greater enrichment of full-length estrogen response elements relative to ER sites. In an <i>in vitro</i> DNA binding array of genomic binding sites, pS118-ER was more commonly associated with direct DNA binding events than indirect binding events. These results indicate that phosphorylation of ER at serine 118 promotes direct DNA binding at active enhancers and is a distinguishing mark for associated transcription factor complexes on chromatin.
Guidelines for the Use of Contrast Agents in Ultrasound - January 2004 (2004)

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCA), in conjunction with contrast specific imaging techniques, are increasingly accepted in clinical use for diagnostic imaging and post-interventional workup in several organs. Presently, there is no guidance document providing a description of essential technical requirements, proposed investigator qualifications, suggested investigational procedures and steps, guidance on image interpretation, recommended and established clinical indications and safety considerations.
Identification of Effective Anticancer G-Quadruplex-Targeting Chemotypes through the Exploration of a High Diversity Library of Natural Compounds (2021)

In the quest for selective G-quadruplex (G4)-targeting chemotypes, natural compounds have been thus far poorly explored, though representing appealing candidates due to the high structural diversity of their scaffolds. In this regard, a unique high diversity in-house library composed of ca. one thousand individual natural products was investigated. The combination of molecular docking-based virtual screening and the G4-CPG experimental screening assay proved to be useful to quickly and effectively identify-out of many natural compounds-five hit binders of telomeric and oncogenic G4s, i.e., Bulbocapnine, Chelidonine, Ibogaine, Rotenone and Vomicine. Biophysical studies unambiguously demonstrated the selective interaction of these compounds with G4s compared to duplex DNA. The rationale behind the G4 selective recognition was suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. Indeed, the selected ligands proved to specifically interact with G4 structures due to peculiar interaction patterns, while they were unable to firmly bind to a DNA duplex. From biological assays, Chelidonine and Rotenone emerged as the most active compounds of the series against cancer cells, also showing good selectivity over normal cells. Notably, the anticancer activity correlated well with the ability of the two compounds to target telomeric G4s.
Reactive oxygen species play a modulatory role in the hyperventilatory response to poikilocapnic hyperoxia in humans (2021)

The hypothetical mechanism for the increase in ventilation ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) in response to hyperoxia (HX) includes central chemoreceptor stimulation via reduced CO<sub>2</sub> -[H<sup>+</sup> ] washout. Nonetheless, hyperoxia disturbs redox homeostasis and raises the hypothesis that excessive brain reactive oxygen species (ROS) production/accumulation may increase the sensitivity to CO<sub>2</sub> or even solely activate the central chemoreceptors, resulting in hyperventilation. To determine the mechanism behind the HX-evoked increase in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> , 10 healthy men (24 ± 4 years) underwent 10 min trials of HX under saline and ascorbic acid infusion. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> , arterial and right internal right jugular vein (ijv) partial pressure for oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub> ) and CO<sub>2</sub> (PCO<sub>2</sub> ), pH, oxidant (8-isoprostane) and antioxidant (ascorbic acid) markers, as well as cerebral blood flow (CBF) (Duplex ultrasonography), were quantified at each hyperoxic trial. HX evoked an increase in arterial partial pressure for oxygen, followed by a hyperventilatory response, a reduction in CBF, an increase in arterial 8-isoprostane, and unchanged PijvCO<sub>2</sub> and ijv pH. Intravenous ascorbic acid infusion augmented the arterial antioxidant marker, blunted the increase in arterial 8-isoprostane and attenuated both the reduction in CBF and the HX-induced hyperventilation. Although ascorbic acid infusion resulted in a slight increase in PijvCO<sub>2</sub> and a substantial decrease in ijv pH, when compared with the saline bout, HX evoked a similar reduction and a paired increase in the trans-cerebral exchanges for PCO<sub>2</sub> and pH, respectively. These findings indicate that the poikilocapnic hyperoxic hyperventilation is likely mediated via the interaction of the acidic brain interstitial fluid and an increase in central chemoreceptor sensitivity to CO<sub>2</sub> , which, in turn, seems to be evoked by the excessive ROS production/accumulation.
Studies on the Salt Tolerance in Korean Rice Cultivars. I. Mechanism of salt tolerance in dry matter production and leaf photosynthesis. (1995)

韓国において, 収量の上で耐塩性が異なるとされている水稲品種, 6品種にNaCl処理を施し, 幼植物の相対生長率(RGR)の低下程度を比較した. RGRの低下が小さかった品種を耐塩性の高い品種, RGRの低下が大きかった品種を耐塩性の低い品種とした. RGRを葉面積比(LAR)と純同化率(NAR)とに分割し, 各々に対するNaCl処理の影響を調べたところ, NaCl処理によるLARの低下程度には耐塩性の低い品種と高い品種との間に大きな差はなかった. しかし, NARの低下程度には両品種群間に大きい差が認められ, 耐塩性の低い品種で, 低下程度が大きかった. そこで, NaCl処理をした植物体の単位葉面積当り光合成速度(LPS)を比較したところ, NARの傾向と同様, その低下程度は耐塩性の低い品種で大きい傾向を示した. このことから, イネの乾物生産速度に対するNaClの影響は, 主にLPSを通じて起こっていると考えられた. さらに, LPSにおける耐塩性の機構を知るために, 耐塩性の高い品種と低い品種を各1品種ずつ選び, NaCl処理をした植物体の葉身における炭酸固定酵素, Rubiscoの含量および葉身の浸透ポテンシャルの低下程度を調べた. 耐塩性の高い品種では, 低い品種に比べ, 吸収Na当リRubiscoの含量の低下程度は小さく, NaによるRubisco合成の阻害が小さいことが示唆された. また, 耐塩性の高い品種では, NaCl処理後の葉身の浸透ポテンシャルの低下がより早く進み, 浸透調節能力が勝っていると考えられた.
1149.4 based on-line quiescent state monitoring technique [analog DFT] (2003)

On-line quiescent state monitoring is achieved by utilizing dual comparators compatible with the IEEE 1149.4 standard analog DFT. Statistical analysis is used to minimize the impacts of dynamic signals and noise carried in the signal line. The experimental results confirm the mathematical analysis and assure the test methodology.
Optical spectroscopy of ordered dyes in aqueous lyotropic nematic liquid crystals (1984)

Aqueous lyotropic nematic liquid crystals can be uniformly ordered by magnetic fields of ∼20 kG in flat glass capillaries up to ∼1 mm in path length. Once removed from the field the orientation decays very slowly, and optical spectra of the oriented samples can easily be recorded in conventional instruments. In this manner, the visible spectra of a substituted porphine (TPPS4) and the dye Congo Red were recorded in three nematic lyotropics which consist of rod-shaped micelles. The polarization of the absorption bands can easily be assigned. TPPS4 orients with its plane perpendicular to the optic axis of the lyotropic rods with a low order parameter, and the long axis of Congo Red also orients perpendicular to the optic axis with a considerably higher order parameter. In the nematic system (potassium laurate/decanol/D2O) addition of TPPS4 at a sufficiently high concentration stabilizes a disk-like nematic phase.
Negative thermal expansion induced by intermetallic charge transfer (2015)

Suppression of thermal expansion is of great importance for industry. Negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials which shrink on heating and expand on cooling are therefore attracting keen attention. Here we provide a brief overview of NTE induced by intermetallic charge transfer in A-site ordered double perovskites SaCu<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and LaCu<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub> Mn <sub><i>x</i></sub> O<sub>12</sub>, as well as in Bi or Ni substituted BiNiO<sub>3</sub>. The last compound shows a colossal dilatometric linear thermal expansion coefficient exceeding -70 × 10<sup>-6</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> near room temperature, in the temperature range which can be controlled by substitution.
Two cases with solitary pulmonary nodule due to non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection showing intense 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography scan (2010)

We report an 81-year-old man and a 65-year-old woman with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) due to infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In each case, the nodule showed a high (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake with the maximum standardized uptake values (SUV) of 13.2 and 4.8 on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, respectively. Both cases required partial lung resection for confirmation of the histological diagnosis. A review of six reported patients with SPN due to NTM infections showed that the SUV of FDG was more than 4.0 in the nodules of all cases. Positive results on FDG-PET should be interpreted cautiously when evaluating SPN, especially in patients having predisposing factors for NTM infections.
Structure and nonlinear optical properties of copper phthalocyanine thin films (1990)

We report the observation of off-resonance electronic energy transfer from an excited rhodamine 6G molecules to an azulene molecule in solution. The process requires the coupling of the radiation field in the transfer process. We demonstrate that the relation YAcCI1"2 between the acceptor's induced fluorescence intensity and the laser intensity, predicted by Jortner et al. is observed.
Incomplete phase conjugation through a random phase screen (1996)

Summary form only given. The technique of optical phase conjugation can be used to reconstruct a laser beam that has been aberrated on passing through a distorting medium. Reflection from a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) produces a time reversed replica of the aberrated beam. The aberrations are removed when this phase-conjugate beam propagates back through the distorting medium, producing a time-reversed replica of the original beam.
Surface-free technology by laser annealing (SUFTLA) and its application to poly-Si TFT-LCDs on plastic film with integrated drivers (2002)

In order to realize electronic devices on plastic film, new technology has been developed that enables the transfer of thin-film devices from an original substrate to another substrate by using laser irradiation. This technology was termed SUFTLA, which stands for surface-free technology by laser annealing. A polycrystalline-silicon thin film transistor (poly-Si TFT) back-plane for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with integrated drivers was fabricated using a low-temperature process (below 425/spl deg/C) and could be successfully transferred from a glass or quartz substrate to plastic film using this technology. This technology enabled us to fabricate an all-plastic substrate TFT-LCD having a display area of 0.7 in measured diagonally and a pixel count of 428/spl times/238. In addition, the operation of the integrated drivers and the displayed image could be confirmed for the first time in the world.
Prevent the Bleed (2017)

: In the 5 years since the Sandy Hook elementary school shooting that claimed the lives of 20 children and 6 of their teachers, we have witnessed intolerably more mass shooting events. In the intervening years, over 150,000 Americans have died because of firearm violence, 3 times the number who lost their lives during the Revolutionary war. In the last 2 months, we have been left reflecting on 2 more tragedies. The first came on October 1 in Las Vegas, at the Route 91 music festival where 58 were killed and over 500 injured by a single gunman. The second, on November 5, took place in Sutherland Springs, Texas (population 600) near San Antonio and claimed the lives of 26 men women and children while they prayed. As was witnessed in Orlando and San Bernardino, these most recent mass casualty incidents strained first responders, law enforcement, and the state's trauma systems to their breaking point.Once again, we were left searching for the reasons behind these tragedies asking predictable questions: who did this and why? Was it part of a terrorist plot or a lone psychopath with a grudge? Were the weapons obtained legally, and why would anyone need so many? How can we stop this from happening again?
Pathogenic variants in DNA damage response (DDR) genes in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2017)

11567 Background: Deleterious mutations in DDR genes are frequently associated with response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy. However, much remains unknown about their association with specific molecular signaling pathways. We report the prevalence of pathogenic variants in DDR genes and their co-alteration with other somatic variants. Methods: Targeted exome sequencing of 201 genes was performed in 1,189 patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors enrolled in a molecular testing protocol (NCT01772771), using matched normal and tumor DNA. We assessed germline and somatic alterations in 15 cancer-related DDR genes, their co-occuring genomic alterations and the tumor mutation burden (TMB), defined as number of somatic non-synonymous mutations. Results: A total of 124 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in DDR genes were identified in 111/1189 (9%) pts with 57% of these alterations being somatic. These variants were found in the following genes: ATM 17 pts (1.4%); BAP1 5 pts (0.4%); BRCA1 18 pts (1.5%); BRCA2 17pts (1.4%); CHEK1 8 pts (0.7%); CHEK2 16 pts (1.3%); ERCC3 4 pts (0.3%); ERCC4 2 pts (0.2%); ERCC5 3 pts (0.2%); MLH1 4pts (0.3%); MSH2 8 pts (0.7%); MSH6 6 pts (0.5%); PALB2 3 pts (0.2%) and RAD51 1pt (0.1%). DDR alterations were found more frequently in the following tumor types tested: breast 14%, colorectal 12%, melanoma 8%, glioblastoma 6% and ovarian 6%. The most relevant somatic co-alterations with DDR mutations were activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through mutations or copy-number variations in AKT1, MTOR, NF1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, TSC1 and TSC2 (p = 0.008). Patients with deleterious variants in mismatch excision repair genes (MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6) had a significantly higher TMB than all other patients enrolled (median TMB = 62 vs 5, p = 0.002). Patients with somatic pathogenic DDR variants had a significantly higher TMB (median = 13) compared to patients with germline DDR variants (median = 5) (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The association of DNA repair mutations with alterations in signaling pathways provide rationale for novel therapeutic combinations. Variations in TMB based on distinct types of DDR gene alterations may have implications for immunotherapy.
MHC class I signaling in T cells leads to tyrosine kinase activity and PLC-gamma 1 phosphorylation. (1995)

We have studied the biochemical signal pathway leading to a rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) following cross-linking of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules on human T leukemic Jurkat cells. Evidence is presented that MHC-I signaling is dependent on tyrosine kinase activity before the observed increase in [Ca2+]i. Thus, tyrosine phosphorylation was detected within 5 s after MHC-I cross-linking, whereas an increase in [Ca2+]i was observed after a lag period of 30 s. Moreover, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, herbimycin A, almost completely blocked MHC-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and the subsequent calcium response. The early tyrosine kinase activity was found to be dependent on expression of the TCR/CD3 complex and the CD45 molecule on the surface of the T cells. Furthermore, MHC-I cross-linking was shown to tyrosine phosphorylate PLC-gamma 1 (phospholipase C-gamma 1). Collectively, these results indicate that the MHC-I signaling pathway is linked to activation of tyrosine kinase(s) in Jurkat cells.
Tourist's and resident's image of a small coastal tourist town: The case study of Cardwell, North Queensland (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings of a destination image study of a small coastal town in Queensland. The study used a mapping methodology (Lynch, 1960; Echtner and Ritchie, 1993; Reilly, 1990) to elicit the features considered important by participants of the North Queensland town of Cardwell. The main purpose of the study of Cardwell was to collect data from two groups within the town, local residents and tourists, in order to determine their image of the town. The aims of the study were: to identify the existing image that tourists and residents have of a small town and to identify, analyse and compare if there are similarities and differences between tourists and residents of those image factors which they use to form their image of the town. This study formed the basis for further studies of a number of tourist towns within the North Queensland region.