gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Emitted Frequency Spectra of Breakdowns in SF 6 Gas as well as in Alternative Insulating Gases for Gas Insulated Systems (2020)

Due to their high current steepness, dielectric breakdowns in gaseous insulation emit electromagnetic interferences, which may disturb or even destroy electronic measuring equipment when performing breakdown tests in a laboratory. In order to analyze the emitted frequency spectra of electric breakdowns in SF 6 gas as well as in alternative insulating gas mixtures, a large number of single gas breakdown tests was performed in a test vessel, and the emitted frequency spectra were measured with an antenna and a signal and spectrum analyzer. Several parameters were examined, such as gas pressure, breakdown voltage, gap distance, homogeneity and the distance between the antenna and the test vessel. With regard to the insulating gas mixture, there was no visible impact on the emitted frequency spectra. However, it could be observed that a smaller gap distance and a higher breakdown voltage, thus a higher electric field strength, lead to both higher signal amplitudes and higher maximum frequencies. Likewise, a slightly inhomogeneous electrode arrangement results in higher maximum electric field strengths and, therefore, to higher amplitudes and higher maximum frequencies than a homogeneous electrode arrangement of the same parameters.
Vortex-Assisted Transient Microlenses (2020)

Focusing light beyond the diffraction limit, a significant challenge, would revolutionize many optical technologies from imaging and optical trapping to light delivery and photomedicine. Recently, we introduced a way to achieve a physical focus beyond the diffraction limit without additional optical elements or exogenous labels, using only light–matter interactions.
Electromagnetic shielding and electrical properties of polyurethane acrylate/E-glass composites in the 3–13 GHz frequency range (2011)

The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and surface resistivity of UV-cured polyurethane acrylate (PUA) / copper wire / E-glass fabric composites in the frequency range of 3-13 GHz were investigated using a free space measurement. The effect of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder on the shielding and electrical properties were searched by using a range of PVB concentrations 2.5, 5, 7.5 % and without PVB. The best EMSE value of 25 dB was obtained in the frequency range of 5-9 GHz by adding 2.5 % PVB. When the addition of PVB was more than 2.5 %, the shielding effect decreased. The sample which contains 2.5 % PVB was showed the least surface resistivity and the best EMSE value.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl 2,3‐Unsaturated Glucopyranosides from Glycals Mediated by Ytterbium(III) Triflate—Trialkyl Aluminum. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Down syndrome genetics: unravelling a multifactorial disorder (1996)

Down syndrome is a common disorder affecting many tissues both during development and later on in adult life; the principle feature of all cases is a specific form of mental retardation, which is combined with a range of variable traits. Down syndrome is an aneuploidy syndrome that is caused by trisomy for human chromosome 21. While the phenotype is most likely due to a subtle increase in gene dosage of only a small minority of the estimated 500-800 genes that are present on this chromosome, the molecular genetics of Down syndrome remains speculative. However, recent advances on a number of fronts, including chromosome studies, gene identification and mouse modelling, are giving us the tools to dissect this multifactorial gene dosage disorder.
Discordant circulating fetal DNA and subsequent cytogenetics reveal false negative, placental mosaic, and fetal mosaic cfDNA genotypes (2015)

These Maternal Fetal Medicine referrals demonstrate that positive NIPT results identify an increased abnormal karyotypic frequency as well as a substantial proportion of discordant fetal results. Our results found: (1) a normal NIPT test result followed by a 20 week anatomical ultrasound detected a false negative trisomy 18 NIPT result, (2) a substantial proportion of abnormal NIPT tests identify chromosomal mosaicism that may or may not be confined to the placenta, (3) follow up karyotyping should be completed on the newborn placenta and peripheral blood when the amniocyte karyotype does not confirm the NIPT reported abnormality in order to identify ongoing risk of developing mosaic symptoms, and (4) karyotyping all high risk fetuses tested by amniocentesis defines the 24% of chromosome abnormalities not currently screened by NIPT.
Distributed Learning for the Decentralized Control of Articulated Mobile Robots (2018)

Decentralized control architectures, such as those conventionally defined by central pattern generators, independently coordinate spatially distributed portions of articulated bodies to achieve system-level objectives. State of the art distributed algorithms for reinforcement learning employ a different but conceptually related idea; independent agents simultaneously coordinating their own behaviors in parallel environments while asynchronously updating the policy of a system-or, rather, meta-level agent. This work, to the best of the authors' knowledge, is the first to explicitly explore the potential relationship between the underlying concepts in homogeneous decentralized control for articulated locomotion and distributed learning. We present an approach that leverages the structure of the asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) algorithm to provide a natural framework for learning decentralized control policies on a single platform. Our primary contribution shows an individual agent in the A3C algorithm can be defined by an independently controlled portion of the robot's body, thus enabling distributed learning on a single platform for efficient hardware implementation. To this end, we show how the system is trained offline using hardware experiments implementing an autonomous decentralized compliant control framework. Our experimental results show that the trained agent outperforms the compliant control baseline by more than 40% in terms of steady progression through a series of randomized, highly cluttered evaluation environments.
Thio derivatives of β-Diketones and their metal chelates. XV. Mass spectra of cobalt(III) and rhodium(III) chelates of some fluorinated Monothio-β-diketones (1974)

The mass spectra of the cobalt(111) and rhodium(111) chelates of the fluorinated monothio-β-diketones RC(SH)=CHCOCF3 (R = Ph, p -MeC6H4, p-BrC6H4, p-FC6H4, and 2-thienyl) and of the cobalt(111) chelate of CH3C(SH)=CHCOCF3 have been obtained. The cobalt chelates do not give a peak for the molecular ion because of thermal degradation to the cobalt(11) complex CO(RCS=CHCOCF3)2, which then undergoes reactions in the mass spectrometer. Fluorine migration occurs with cobalt but not with rhodium. The cobalt complexes give rise to more metal-containing fragments than their rhodium analogues. Mechanisms are proposed for the reactions involving the metal-containing fragments. Cobalt undergoes valency changes to give cobalt(11) and cobalt(1) complex ions, whereas rhodium undergoes a valency change to the bivalent state only.
High Performance Memories: New Architecture DRAMs and SRAMs — Evolution and Function (1996)

Overview of High Speed Memory Systems Trends in High Speed Memories Fast Cache Memory Fast SRAMs Fast DRAMs High Speed Non-Volatile Memories Low Swing Interfaces Software and Speed Fast Packaging Techniques Fast Modules Test and Specification of High Speed Components Reliability of High Speed Memory Components Speed Gains through Memory and Logic Integration.
Poly(arylene ether azomethine)s:  Synthesis by Aldimine-Activated Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, Characterization, and Thin Films Morphological Study (1998)

A series of new, relatively high molecular weight poly(arylene ether azomethine)s was prepared by condensation of silylated bisphenols with bis[N-(4-fluorobenzylideneaniline)]s (BFBAs) in polar aprotic solvents in the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium fluoride. The polymerization reaction was the formation of an aryl ether linkage by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Studies of model compounds demonstrated the required electron withdrawal and the ability of the aldimine to activate the fluoride in the ipso position towards the substitution reaction. The resulting polymers were light yellow in color, had intrinsic viscosities between 0.31 and 0.42 dL g-1, and could be solution cast to form amorphous creasable thin films, with glass transition temperatures in the range of 147 to 208 °C. Several of the polymers became partially crystalline on prolonged exposure to the solvent vapor, and the resulting morphologies were investigated by transmission electron microscopy of ultra thin films. Thermogravimetric analysis studies showed little thermal decomposition under nitrogen for temperatures up to 460−492 °C.
A survey of face detection, extraction and recognition (2003)

The goal of this paper is to present a critical survey of existing lite- ratures on human face recognition over the last 4-5 years. Interest and research activities in face recognition have increased significantly over the past few years, especially after the American airliner tragedy on September 11 in 2001. While this growth largely is driven by growing application demands, such as static matching of controlled photographs as in mug shots matching, credit card verification to surveillance video images, identification for law enforcement and authentication for banking and security system access, advances in signal analysis techniques, such as wavelets and neural networks, are also important catalysts. As the number of proposed techniques increases, survey and evaluation becomes important.
Fabrication of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced SiC/C Composites by Reaction-Bonding (1997)

Unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced SiC/C composites were fabricated by the reaction bonding method with phenolic resin and silicon powder at 1450°C. Increasing of the Si/C ratio of the matrix from 0 to 1, the bulk density decreased from 1.84 to 1.73Mg·m-3 and the open porosity increased from 3 to 30%. The fracture behavior of the composites varied with the Si/C ratio of the matrix. The maximum flexural strength and elastic modulus of 630MPa and 300GPa were obtained at a ratio of Si/C=0.1.
Zerotree wavelet image coding based on the human visual system model (2002)

In this paper, we consider an application of perceptual optimization to the zerotree wavelet image coding. Three main properties of the Human Visual System (HVS) are incorporated into the coder: frequency sensitivity, luminance sensitivity and texture masking. Optimization is implemented in two phases. In the first phase, all wavelet coefficients are weighted by the base frequency sensitivities of the corresponding subbands. In the second stage, local adjustment of the quantizer is achieved by the comparison of a just noticeable distortion (JND) threshold with the current quantizer step size. Values of the JND threshold are calculated at every pixel location using luminance sensitivity and texture masking factors. Only quantized pixel values are used to avoid overhead information and preserve the iterative nature of the algorithm. Our proposed coder has been tested on a set of images. Simulation results show that the superior subjective image quality can be achieved at the same bitrate, compared to the PSNR-optimized encoder.
THE USE OF CANINE HETEROGRAFTS IN THE THERAPY OF THERMAL INJURY (1966)

SWITZEK, WALTER E. LT. COLONEL, MC; MONCRIEF, JOHN A. COLONEL, MC; MILLS, WILLIAM Jr. CAPTAIN, MC; ORDER, STANLEY E. CAPTAIN, MC; LINDBERG, ROBERT B. COLONEL, MSC Author Information
Antiferromagnetic Ordering in the Spin Singlet State of the Ladder/Chain Material: Sr2.5Ca11.5Cu24O41 (1999)

We report on specific heat and neutron scattering measurements performed for Sr 14- x Ca x Cu 24 O 41 single crystals. The specific heat data of Sr 2.5 Ca 11.5 Cu 24 O 41 showed a sharp phase transition at T N ≈2.1 K, indicating the possible onset of a long-range order. Specific heat measurements under magnetic fields also revealed that this phase transition is not due to charge ordering or structural phase transition but to magnetic ordering. In the neutron scattering experiments, we observed several Bragg peaks, corresponding to the magnetic ordering observed in the specific heat measurements. Furthermore, we confirmed from polarized neutron scattering measurements that these Bragg peaks are undoubtedly magnetic in origin. Considering both the nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron scattering data, a possible magnetic structure on the chain and ladder sites has been proposed. In this system, the singlet state and antiferromagnetic order induced by appropriate hole-doping coexist at ambient pressure and the dissolved hole pairs move under high pressure, leading to the occurrence of superconductivity.
The Role of Gaze in Impression Formation (1975)

Three hypotheses about the effects of amount of gaze on the impression created of six confederates were tested, using rating scales and free descriptions. The first hypothesis--that favourableness of impression would be a linear function of amount of gaze--was partly confirmed. The second hypothesis--that favourableness of impression would be a curvilinear function of amount of gaze--was not confirmed, nor was the third hypothesis--that effect of gaze would be a complex function of sex of subject and sex of gazer. The effects of gaze were not as marked as had been predicted. The free descriptions also provided data on the number and type of subjects who commented on the amount of gaze of the confederate. Three possible explanations of the results are discussed.
Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 2 Is a Strong Independent Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer (2003)

Mcm-2 may be of utility as a prognostic marker to refine the prediction of outcome in breast cancer, for example when combined with parameters currently used in the NPI.
Comparison of Properties of Admicellar Polymerization Surface Modified Silica- and Conventional Fillers-Reinforced Tyre Tread Compounds (2013)

AJC-
Nomenclature and classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: where to after Durban? (2000)

Journal Article Nomenclature and classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: where to after Durban? Get access P Manners P Manners Department of Rheumatology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, GPO Box D184, Perth, WA 6014, Australia Correspondence to: P. Manners, Department of Rheumatology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, GPO Box D184, Perth, WA 6014, Australia Tel. +61-08-9304-8174; Fax +61-08-9388-2097 e-mail: pruem@paed.uwa.edu.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Modern Rheumatology, Volume 10, Issue 2, 1 June 2000, Pages 68–77, https://doi.org/10.3109/s101650050002 Published: 01 June 2000 Article history Received: 22 February 2000 Published: 01 June 2000
Rateless lossy compression via the extremes (2014)

We begin by presenting a simple lossy compressor operating at near-zero rate: The encoder merely describes the indices of the few maximal source components, while the decoder's reconstruction is a natural estimate of the source components based on this information. This scheme turns out to be near-optimal for the memoryless Gaussian source in the sense of achieving the zero-rate slope of its distortion-rate function. Motivated by this finding, we then propose a scheme comprising of iterating the above lossy compressor on an appropriately transformed version of the difference between the source and its reconstruction from the previous iteration. The proposed scheme achieves the rate distortion function of the Gaussian memoryless source (under squared error distortion) when employed on any finite-variance ergodic source. It further possesses desirable properties we respectively refer to as infinitesimal successive refinability, ratelessness, and complete separability. Its storage and computation requirements are of order no more than n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">β</sup> n per source symbol for β > 0 at both the encoder and decoder. Though the details of its derivation, construction, and analysis differ considerably, we discuss similarities between the proposed scheme and the recently introduced SPARC of Venkataramanan et al.
In-Depth Analysis of Depth-Based Data Solves Severe Vibration Issues Drilling Interbedded Sand/Shale Sequences in 3D-Directional Well Profiles (2009)

Abstract Drilling the 17 ½-in. deviated hole sections in the Cashima field, southeast offshore Trinidad presented a number of distinctive challenges. Unexpected vibration was hindering real-time logging capability, reducing tool life and compromising drilling performance, resulting in increased well costs. The operator required a Rotary Steerable System (RSS) and PDC bit combination that could efficiently deliver all directional objectives on a repeatable basis, without compromising downhole tool integrity. The BHA needed to maximize ROP and minimize vibration while drilling through the abrasive interbedded sand/shale sequence, where UCS varies from 2,500psi to 4,000psi every one or two feet. Initially, it appeared that RSS reliability was the main issue limiting performance improvement, due to the occurrence of failures of RSS components on three consecutive 17 ½-in. sections. An application-engineering group conducted an in-depth analysis to identify issues limiting drilling performance. Memory data was analyzed to fully understand the complex downhole dynamics critical to increasing directional PDC efficiency. This analysis led engineers to determine that the root cause of tool failure and performance deterioration was severe vibration, which resulted from the bit's inability to smoothly transition between the interbedded formations. Improved PDC technology was required without any drastic change in operating parameters. Bit improvements included a more abrasion-resistant polished cutter, unique depth-of-cut control technology and the use of secondary stability features. From the implementation of a more stable PDC bit design, the following benefits were realized while drilling the 17 ½-in. sections of the last two wells: the targeted TD on each well was achieved in one run, with minimal intervention of vibration control methods and no failures of RSS components. Comparison of the 17 ½-in. sections of six wells drilled during the Cashima project, where two different bits were used, revealed that there was a total reduction in cost per foot of 25%, and a total comparable savings of approximately 50 hours of non productive time or USD 1.25 million to the operator that could be attributed to the use of the different bits. This paper will discuss the methodology used to optimize the 17 ½-in. bit for the Cashima offshore field.
Source-level debugging for FPGA high-level synthesis (2014)

We describe a source-level debugging framework for FPGA high-level synthesis (HLS) that offers gdb-like step, break, and data inspection functionality for an HLS-generated hardware circuit. With the proposed framework, the user can inspect the values of logic signals in the hardware from the C source code perspective. The logic signal values come from one of two sources: 1) a logic simulation of the RTL, or 2) an actual execution of the hardware on an FPGA. In addition to the software-like ecosystem for FPGA HLS debugging, the framework provides the user with insight on the RTL produced by the HLS tool for each C statement, and permits concurrent hardware and software debugging to discover the first point at which any logic signal in the hardware mismatches with its corresponding variable in software.
The General System: General Model of Scientific Disciplines Related to the Study and Management of Natural Areas (2016)

Le Moigne's general system (GS) model is the universal model of the organizational system implemented by man to take charge of the knowledge, use or management of organized natural spaces with soil being the supporting medium. This chapter presents three sub-systems: operating system (OS), information system (IS), steering system (SS) of the GS, which deserve to be called a system if they can be described on three axes of the systemic space of description. Whatever the category of human system (HS), the SS will control and act according to the purpose of the HS. The chapter also discusses hydrostructural pedology in reference to the hydrostructural properties of soil. The spatial reference information system (SIRS) is an organized memory, a database that, when complete, includes all information specific to the OS and its sub-systems, their variables and organizational parameters and functioning.
Subcutaneous, video-assisted saphenous vein harvest: report of the first 30 cases (1996)

Harvest of the saphenous vein is a commonly performed procedure in cardiovascular surgery. The incision required for its removal is the longest used anywhere. In this report, the authors describe a minimally invasive technique for removal of the vein. This has been used in 30 patients undergoing peripheral arterial bypass (n = 27), venovenous bypass (n = 2), and a saphenopopliteal fistula (n = 1). There were three perioperative complications: skin necrosis over tunnel (one), bulla (one), and saphenous vein injury (one). Harvest time averaged 1.25 h. There was minimal postoperative discomfort in the harvest site and minimal scarring. Endoscopic harvest of the saphenous vein differs from most laparoscopic procedures because of its linear course. Consequently, visualization and dissection is coaxial rather than triangulation. This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of vein harvest. Development of appropriate instrumentation for opening the optical cavity and vein manipulation will reduce operative times.
Mechanics of the Pneumatic Tire. Part II. The Laminar Model under Inflation and in Rotation (1973)

Abstract Difficulties in the study of the tire are presented by the materials used in tire construction, specifically the problem of achieving a convenient representation of the elastic characteristics of the rubberized fabric. Notable progress has been made in the formulation of the theory of combined orthotropic laminae which includes the contribution of the rubber compound and, more importantly, the effects of combining layers or plies having different characteristics. The laminar model of the tire is of particular interest for the study of the radial tire in which the effect of the carcass‐belt combination is very important. This study first considers the tire under inflation alone and gives illustrative examples of applications to several types of tires. The net model for the bias ply tire is discussed as a special case of the theory. The study is then extended to consideration of the effects of centrifugal force in rotation in addition to inflation pressure.