gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topic development pattern analysis-based adaptation of information spaces (2009)

While navigation within complex information spaces is a challenge for all users, the problem is most evident with individuals who are blind or visually impaired. A particular challenge faced by students who are blind when accessing documents in digital libraries is that long documents are almost impenetrable for these users who cannot skim through large documents effectively and who cannot visually organize and re-organize documents for later use in new contexts. We highlight that adaptation and personalization of textual media can be possible only through novel algorithms that can segment media content to its basic information units and enable users to pick, recombine, and re-organize these units into new personalized documents. This is a multi-faceted problem that requires research into technical challenges from user modeling to context analysis. In this paper, we focus on two specific challenges key to the adaptation of textual media: content-segmentation and content-reorganization. In particular, we show that topic development analysis is fundamental in supporting both of these tasks. The algorithms proposed in this paper analyze topic development patterns without having to distill the specific topics, thereby keeping the overall analysis and adaptation processes light weight.
You are what you talk: quorum sensing induces individual morphologies and cell division modes in Dinoroseobacter shibae (2013)

Dinoroseobacter shibae, a member of the Roseobacter clade abundant in marine environments, is characterized by a pronounced pleomorphism. Cell shapes range from variable-sized ovoid rods to long filaments with a high copy number of chromosomes. Time-lapse microscopy shows cells dividing either by binary fission or by budding from the cell poles. Here we demonstrate that this morphological heterogeneity is induced by quorum sensing (QS). D. shibae utilizes three acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) synthases (luxI1-3) to produce AHLs with unsaturated C18 side chains. A ΔluxI1-knockout strain completely lacking AHL biosynthesis was uniform in morphology and divided by binary fission only. Transcriptome analysis revealed that expression of genes responsible for control of cell division was reduced in this strain, providing the link between QS and the observed phenotype. In addition, flagellar biosynthesis and type IV secretion system (T4SS) were downregulated. The wild-type phenotype and gene expression could be restored through addition of synthetic C18-AHLs. Their effectiveness was dependent on the number of double bonds in the acyl side chain and the regulated trait. The wild-type expression level of T4SS genes was fully restored even by an AHL with a saturated C18 side chain that has not been detected in D. shibae. QS induces phenotypic individualization of D. shibae cells rather than coordinating the population. This strategy might be beneficial in unpredictably changing environments, for example, during algal blooms when resource competition and grazing exert fluctuating selective pressures. A specific response towards non-native AHLs might provide D. shibae with the capacity for complex interspecies communication.
Paraxial ray analysis of a cat’s-eye retroreflector: comments (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Reinhard Beer, "Paraxial ray analysis of a cat's-eye retroreflector: comments," Appl. Opt. 15, 856-857 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Esophagus (2019)

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs mainly in the salivary glands of adults and children, but rarely in the esophagus. A surgical resection is the primary treatment for mucoepidermal carcinoma, and the prognosis has been reported to be poor. A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with an esophageal nodule in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the purpose of a medical examination without any special symptoms and an endoscopic resection was performed for an accurate diagnosis. An endoscopic mucosal resection was performed using a band ligation for a complete resection and continuous follow-up with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. The unknown prognosis of endoscopic resection makes it necessary to follow the patient carefully.
Molecular Genetic Studies of Gene Identification for Osteoporosis: A 2004 Update (2006)

This review summarizes comprehensively the most important and representative molecular genetics studies of gene identification for osteoporosis published up to the end of December 2004. It is intended to constitute a sequential update of our previously published review covering the available data up to the end of 2002. Evidence from candidate gene association studies and genome-wide linkage studies in humans, as well as quantitative trait locus mapping animal models are reviewed separately. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice models relevant to osteoporosis are summarized. An important extension of this update is incorporation of functional genomic studies (including DNA microarrays and proteomics) on osteogenesis and osteoporosis, in light of the rapid advances and the promising prospects of the field. Comments are made on the most notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of genetics of osteoporosis. The format adopted by this review should be ideal for accommodating future new advances and studies.
Practical Research on Dephosphorization in Converter (2012)

The situations of smelting SPHD were analyzed for 150t converter in TangSteel. Based on the analysis of dephosphorization process and the thermodynamic conditions in converter, the operation of dephosphorization was optimized. The industrial tests for dephosphorization were carried out, and the results were analyzed. The results were shown that the distribution coefficient would be the highest value, when the alkalinity of slag was 3.5 and the FeO content was 21% in making SPHD steel. The distribution coefficient would reduce, when the temperature was increased, especially more than 1700°C, so end point temperature should be best less than 1700°C.
Methodologies and Advanced Characterizations of Photoelectrochemical Processes (2022)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes involve electrochemical reactions that are driven or aided by artificial or natural light. Several physical and chemical sub-processes are involved in photoelectrochemistry, giving rise to complex phenomena that require a wide array of methodologies to be analyzed. Depending on the type of process, it’s necessary to record and interpret the electrical behavior of the electrodes on which the processes take place, the chemical and physical condition of their surface, and the electrical or chemical output. This chapter presents the design and components of a PEC cell. A detailed insight into the operation of these cells using electrical, optical, electrochemical, and PEC characterization techniques is discussed. It also describes applications of PEC processes as water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, and sensing. It aims to provide the reader knowledge about the instrumentation and analysis techniques involved in PEC processes, and would enable a judicious selection of experimental parameters.
Statistical correlation in an overmoded 2D lossless cavity (2004)

We present results about the apparently statistical behaviour of electromagnetic fields in an overmoded two-dimensional lossless cavity in which a stirrer element is moved. These results are obtained from a non-statistical simulation and this behaviour is analysed using the correlation function for the stirrer angular position.
Investigation of Performance Limiting Issues in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Macroscopic Modeling Approach (2011)

Abstract not Available.
F2 laser ablation process of silica glass (2000)

The laser ablative figuring of the silica glass has been investigated experimentally. F2 laser and ArF excimer lasers are used as the laser light source for efficient ablation of silica glass material. The output beam of F2 and ArF laser were focused on to the surface of silica glass plate. The ablation rate were measured by a surface profilometer. The process on the surface was done by scanning in X-Y direction and a uniform ablation was observed. However the surface roughness was large as compared with the case of PMMA. The waveform of incident and transmitted laser light was measured by high speed photo-tubes to observe the time dependence of the absorption. The measured waveform indicates that the absorption was small at the leading edge of the laser pulse, and a strong ablation was induced at the latter part of laser pulse due to the excited state absorption. These phenomena are quite similar to both in F2 and ArF laser light. We have developed a simple model in which the instantaneous absorption is defined by the absorbed energy prior to the moment.
A Decomposition Strategy for Global Optimum Search in the Pooling Problem (1990)

Modeling of refinery and petrochemical processes that involve pooling of streams often results in nonconvex nonlinear relationships. In a number of cases these nonlinearities can make it difficult to determine the global optimum. A new search technique is presented in this paper that involves the decomposition of the original nonconvex problem into two specially structured subproblems. A series of these subproblems is then solved in an attempt to determine the global optimum. Suitable transformations can be combined with a judicious decomposition scheme leading to subproblems which can attain their respective global optimum solutions at each iteration. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using two small examples of the pooling problem proposed by C. A. Haverly in 1978 and one larger separation/blending/pooling problem. INFORMS Journal on Computing, ISSN 1091-9856, was published as ORSA Journal on Computing from 1989 to 1995 under ISSN 0899-1499.
Nanostructural Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

The self-organized hollow TiO 2 hemisphere with a height of 130 nm and a diameter of 200 nm was formed. Highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays of 200-nm pore diameter and 700-nm length were grown perpendicular to a FTO substrate by infiltrating the alumina pores with Ti (OC 3 H 7 ) 4 which was subsequently converted into anatase TiO 2 . The structure was treated with TiCl 4 to enhance the photogenerated current and then integrated into the DSSC using a commercially available ruthenium-based dye. The dye-sensitized solar cell using self-organized hollow TiO 2 hemispheres under porous alumina with TiO 2 nanotubes inside as the working electrode generated a photocurrent of 5.00 mA/cm 2 , an open-circuit voltage of 0.58 V and yielding a power conversion efficiency 1.77 times the conventional nanoparticle-based DSSC.
How Big is Too Big? Assessing Seismic Hazard and Hydraulic Fracture-Induced Seismicity (2016)

Summary Regulations governing induced seismicity in certain jurisdictions favour having "traffic light" systems where recommended responses are based on the magnitude of the induced events. The lower stress drops of induced seismicity cause less shaking than equivalent-magnitude tectonic events with higher stress releases. Because of this observation, and since seismic hazard is actually quantified in terms of probabilities of exceeding ground motion thresholds (not magnitude), we recommend that observed shaking should be the pertinent quantity to use to regulate seismicity during injections, and show how this is done in terms of emperical ground motion prediction equations.
Anti‐wear performance of organomolybdenum compounds as lubricant additives (2006)

Abstract A four‐ball tester was used to evaluate the anti‐wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in engine oils and lithium soap grease, i.e. molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC), and sulphur‐ and phosphorus‐free organomolybdeum (molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP does not improve the anti‐wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti‐wear properties of the engine oils. MoDTC does not improve the anti‐wear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti‐wear properties of the oils. Significant improvement of the anti‐wear properties is obtained with molybdate added in the four fully formulated oils. Both MoDDP and molybdate have good anti‐wear properties in the lithium soap grease, especially MoDDP with a high concentration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Expected Error Minimization with Ultraconservative Update for SMT (2012)

Minimum error rate training is a popular method for parameter tuning in statistical machine translation (SMT). However, the optimization objective function may change drastically at each optimization step, which may induce MERT instability. We propose an alternative tuning method based on an ultraconservative update, in which the combination of an expected task loss and the distance from the parameters in the previous round are minimized with a variant of gradient descent. Experiments on test datasets of both Chinese-to-English and Spanish-to-English translation show that our method can achieve improvements over MERT under the Moses system.
Formononetin sensitizes glioma cells to doxorubicin through preventing EMT via inhibition of histone deacetylase 5. (2015)

Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy for glioma. Formononetin is a novel herbal isoflavonoid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus and possesses antitumorigenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of formononetin on human glioma cells, and further elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-tumor property. We found that formononetin enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Combined treatment with formononetin reversed the doxorubicin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells. Moreover, we found that formononetin treatment significantly decreased the expression of HDAC5. Overexpression of HDAC5 diminished the suppressive effects of formononetin on glioma cell viability. Furthermore, knockdown of HDAC5 by siRNA inhibited the doxorubicin-induced EMT in glioma cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that formononetin-combined therapy may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in glioma cells by preventing EMT through inhibition of HDAC5.
Study on radiation chemistry of fluorinated polymers for EUV resist (2015)

The fluorination of a chemically amplified resist is an effective method for use in EUV lithography. However, it has been suggested that the fluorination of the base polymer of the chemically amplified resist induces the electron scavenging reaction by the base polymer and reduces the acid yield. In this study, we clarified the formation of transient species and the acid yields of fluorinated polymers after exposure to the ionizing radiations. The acid yields of fluorinated polymers with hydroxyl groups were lower than that of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS). The lower acid generation efficiency in fluorinated polymers was due to not only the reaction between fluorinated polymers and electrons but also the lower deprotonation efficiency of the radical cation of the fluorinated polymer.
Gesture Generation (2021)

chapter Gesture Generation Share on Authors: Carolyn Saund View Profile , Stacy Marsella View Profile Authors Info & Claims The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents: 20 years of Research on Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics Volume 1: Methods, Behavior, CognitionSeptember 2021 Pages 213–258https://doi.org/10.1145/3477322.3477330Online:02 October 2021Publication History 0citation6DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads6Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Adaptive Encoders: The New Generation of MPEG-2 Encoders (1999)

Whereas current debates concern more object oriented technologies, such as the MPEG-4 standardization process, this paper would like to state the art concerning the MPEG-2 technology. The standard was adopted 4 years ago, and is now currently used for broadcasting digital TV worldwide. Some comments and requirements from the first field trials require new generation of MPEG-2 compression systems, and it was the objective of this paper to try to give some inputs for them. — Whereas the first generations were mainly an optimization of the TM5 model with new motion estimators, new bit-rate control strategies and sometimes new mode selection algorithms, this new generation will be adaptive to the picture content and complexity. This adaptation concerns either the input data (such as picture resolution, noise reduction) or the encoder itself (GOP structure, local adaptation, multipass encoding), but also the bandwidth (statistical multiplexing). From the results presented in this paper a 20% to 30% bits saving can be expected on average, and locally more than 50% (for special cases where the encoders fails, i.e. noise, scene cuts, fading,) — After being in the cost and system software, the competition is now clearly on the compression efficiency to add as many programs as possible into one single channel. The new techniques developed and introduced in this phase of optimization will certainly be exploited in future standards such as MPEG-4 or MPEG-7 where respectively segmentation and scene characterization will be key technologies.
Synthesis and surface functionalization of titania nanocrystals for low temperature deposition on polymers (2016)

A thin film of crystalline titanium dioxide applied as a self-cleaning coating is a versatile system due to its properties of being transparent and colourless, chemically stable, non-toxic and relatively cheap. Most importantly it has the ability to become photocatalytically active and superhydrophilic upon UV-irradiation. These self-cleaning coatings can mitigate staining, fogging and the odour and deterioration caused by dirt. This results in the fact that self-cleaning coatings are an important topic in research, and are highly commercially relevant. In this work, we extend the use of these coatings to polymers, since this opens up a large market of self-cleaning coatings for applications such as (touch)-screens, visors, light-domes and noise barriers on highways. This transition to polymer substrates, however, poses some challenges. It is imperative for the photocatalytic properties that the TiO2 thin film is of the anatase crystal phase. In order to induce crystallinity to a film deposited from a precursor solution, these films need to be subjected to elevated temperatures (>400°C). This is incompatible with the use of polymers as substrates, since these high temperatures will cause deformation or deterioration of the polymer substrate. In order to circumvent this issue, films are deposited on the substrates from colloidal suspensions that already contain anatase nanocrystals. Other challenges are the wettability of the polymer surface by the colloidal suspension and the durability of the coating. Therefore, the use of chemical linkers to bind titania nanocrystals to the surface of a polymer substrate is explored. This covalent linking is envisioned to improve the durability of the final titania coating.
Protein disulfide isomerase chaperone ERP‐57 decreases plasma membrane expression of the human GnRH receptor (2009)

Retention of misfolded proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a quality control mechanism involving the participation of endogenous chaperones such as calnexin (CANX). CANX interacts with and restricts plasma membrane expression (PME) of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), a G protein-coupled receptor. CANX also interacts with ERP-57 a thiol oxidoreductase chaperone present in the ER. CANX along with ERP-57 promotes the formation of disulfide bond bridges in nascent proteins. The human GnRH receptor (hGnRHR) is stabilized by two disulfide bond bridges (C(14)-C(200) and C(114)-C(196)), that, when broken, lead to a decrease in receptor expression at the plasma membrane. To determine if the presence of chaperones CANX and ERP-57 exerts an influence over membrane routing and second messenger activation, we assessed the effect of various mutants including those with broken disulfide bridges (Cys --> Ala) along with the hGnRHR. The effect of chaperones on mutants was insignificant, whereas the over expression of ERP-57 led to an hGnRHR retention. This effect was further enhanced by cotransfection with cDNA for CANX showing receptor retention by ERP-57 augmented by CANX, suggesting utilization of these chaperones for quality control of the GnRHR.
Short-Wave Infrared Quantum Dots with Compact Sizes as Molecular Probes for Fluorescence Microscopy (2020)

Materials with short-wave infrared (SWIR) emission are promising contrast agents for in vivo animal imaging, providing high-contrast and high-resolution images of blood vessels in deep tissues. However, SWIR emitters have not been developed as molecular labels for microscopy applications in the life sciences, which require optimized probes that are bright, stable, and small. Here, we design and synthesize semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with SWIR emission based on Hg<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cd<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Se alloy cores red shifted to the SWIR by epitaxial deposition of thin Hg<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cd<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>S shells with a small band gap. By tuning alloy composition alone, the emission can be shifted across the visible-to-SWIR (VIR) spectra while maintaining a small and equal size, allowing direct comparisons of molecular labeling performance across a broad range of wavelength. After coating with click-functional multidentate polymers, the VIR-QD spectral series has high quantum yield in the SWIR (14-33%), compact size (13 nm hydrodynamic diameter), and long-term stability in aqueous media during continuous excitation. We show that these properties enable diverse applications of SWIR molecular probes for fluorescence microscopy using conjugates of antibodies, growth factors, and nucleic acids. A broadly useful outcome is a 10-55-fold enhancement of the signal-to-background ratio at both the single-molecule level and the ensemble level in the SWIR relative to visible wavelengths, primarily due to drastically reduced autofluorescence. We anticipate that VIR-QDs with SWIR emission will enable ultrasensitive molecular imaging of low-copy number analytes in biospecimens with high autofluorescence.