gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes – Preclinical and Clinical Trials (2011)

According to the American Diabetes Association (http://www.diabetes.org/diabetesbasics/diabetes-statistics), 2-3 million individuals in the United States have type 1 diabetes and about 1 in every 400 to 600 children and adolescents was affected by the disease in 2007. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, allergies, and asthma, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is on the increase at an alarming rate in industrialized countries for unknown reasons. The disease is immune-mediated and thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that ultimately leads to loss of insulin secreting beta cells in pancreatic islets and high levels of blood glucose. High sugar levels and autoimmunity cause acute complications, such as ketoacidosis, as well as a wide variety of late complications, for example, atherosclerosis, retinopathy, kidney failure, neuropathy, and infection. Injection of insulin is a life saving treatment rather than a cure, and individuals suffering from type 1 diabetes and receiving insulin still show an unacceptable 15 year reduction in life expectancy and complications of the disease according to the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) (http://www.jdrf.org.uk/page.asp?section=163&sectionTitle=FAQs+about+type+1+diabetes). The requirement for insulin injection can be alleviated by transplantation of pancreas or pancreatic islets, but the procedure is limited by the low number of donors, the out lived usefulness of immunosuppression, and the pre-existing autoimmunity which still cause ~85% of islet transplants to fail 10 years post-transplantation. The mammalian immune system is the main line of defense to protect from attacks by infection, cancer, and pathological autoimmunity. Leukocytes normally do not destroy host tissues or cells because immune cells targeting self-antigens are either deleted in the thymus and bone marrow, i.e., central tolerance; or they are under the control of regulatory T cells in peripheral tissues, i.e., peripheral tolerance. However, defects in either of these immune control systems can result in pathological autoimmunity and large bodies of evidence indicate that defects in central as well as peripheral tolerance can contribute to type 1 diabetes (Geenen et al., 2010). Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease resulting from the selective destruction of pancreatic insulin secreting beta cells by autoreactive CD4 and CD8 effector T lymphocytes which normally play an important role in self-protection by killing infected and tumor cells. On the other hand, CD4 and CD8 T www.intechopen.com
On the Hierarchy of Dislocation Descriptions of Grain Boundary Structures (1990)

A new approach to the study of hierarchical grain boundary dislocation structures is proposed. It is shown that the class of primary grain boundary dislocations (GBDs) is wider than that of lattice dislocations and includes GBDs of all favoured boundaries of the same misorientation axis. A simple analysis of the asymptotics of stress fields created by primary dislocation networks obviously shows the nature of higher-level (virtual) dislocations and allows to calculate their Burgers vectors not knowing the geometry of reference structures responsible for each level. An algorithm is presented for constructing the GBD hierarchy and determining the number of its members for any boundary with a given misorientation angle. [Russian Text Ignored].
Atomic vapor spectroscopy in integrated photonic structures (2015)

We investigate an integrated optical chip immersed in atomic vapor providing several waveguide geometries for spectroscopy applications. The narrow-band transmission through a silicon nitride waveguide and interferometer is altered when the guided light is coupled to a vapor of rubidium atoms via the evanescent tail of the waveguide mode. We use grating couplers to couple between the waveguide mode and the radiating wave, which allow for addressing arbitrary coupling positions on the chip surface. The evanescent atom-light interaction can be numerically simulated and shows excellent agreement with our experimental data. This work demonstrates a next step towards miniaturization and integration of alkali atom spectroscopy and provides a platform for further fundamental studies of complex waveguide structures.
Adaptive Beamforming and Coding for Multi-node Wireless Networks (2020)

As wireless communications continue to permeate many aspects of human life and technology, future generations of communication networks are expected to become increasingly heterogeneous due to an explosion of the number of different types of user devices, a diverse set of available air interfaces, and a large variety of choices for the architecture of the network core.<br>This heterogeneity, coupled with increasingly strict demands on the communication rate, latency, and fidelity demanded by a growing list of services delivered using wireless technologies, requires optimizations across the entire networking stack.<br>Our contribution to this effort considers three key aspects of modern communication systems:<br>First, we present a set of new techniques for multiple-input, multi-output beam alignment specifically suited for unfavorable signal-to-noise ratio regimes like the ones encountered in beamformed millimeter-wave wireless communication links.<br>Second, we present a computationally efficient estimation algorithm for a specific class of aeronautical channels, which applies to systems designed to extend wireless coverage and communication capacity using unmanned aerial vehicles.<br>Third, we present a new class of multi-hop relaying schemes designed to minimize communication latency with applications in the emerging domain of ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.<br>Each of the three problem areas covered in this work is motivated by the demands of a future generation of wireless communication networks and we develop theoretical and/or numerical results outperforming the state of the art.
International Encyclopedia of Composites (2001)

This remarkable six-volume encyclopedia is the first reference of its kind to cover all phases of composites for those seeking indepth engineering information. The work combines the scholarship and practical knowledge of over 300 distinguished industry experts, academicians, and government researchers. These contributors - whose combined efforts render this the most authoritative, comprehensive, accurate and usable reference for composites - cover theory, applications and technologies from all over the world. Its 4000 pages include over 240 original articles of current interest and value, each containing between 15 and 20 photos, line illustrations, and tables. The international encyclopedia of composites covers every needed subject related to composite processes, properties, and different applications from both a practical and economical point of view. Topics fall into four groups: special types of composites such as engineering materials and their components; the behaviour of composite materials under different types of loading conditions and on relevant characterization methods; composites with special property profiles; and design aspects of composite materials, their manufacturing and fabrication processes.
Effect of the Crystal Chemistry of LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4 Spinels on its Electrochemical Properties (2013)

Abstract not Available.
High-Throughput, Machine Learning–Based Quantification of Steatosis, Inflammation, Ballooning, and Fibrosis in Biopsies From Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2019)

We used machine learning to develop software to rapidly and objectively analyze liver biopsy specimens for histologic features of NAFLD. The results from the software correlate with those from histopathologists, with high levels of interobserver and intraobserver agreement. Findings were validated in a separate group of patients. This tool might be used for objective assessment of response to therapy for NAFLD in practice and clinical trials.
Peptide hormones: renal handling and dialysis therapy. (1979)

For uraemic diabetics the loss of insulin by dialysis with highly permeable membranes has clinical relevance. We investigated renal handling (in isolated perfused rat kidneys) of insulin and c-peptide and their dialytic clearances and sieving coefficients using cuprophan and polyacrylonitrile membranes. Rat kidney catabolic clearances were five times (insulin) and 12 times (c-peptide) greater than urinary clearances and twice inulin clearance. Cuprophan membrane was found to be virtually impermeable for both hormones. Polyacrylonitrile sieving coefficients were 0.3 (insulin) and 0.4 (c-peptide). Both hormones are filtered as well as tubularly and peritubularly catabolised in the kidney. Insulin removal during dialysis and haemofiltration with polyacrylonitrile membranes has to be considered in treating uraemic diabetics.
Can woody plants management provide soil amendments to enhance agroecosystem productivity and resilience in West Africa? [P66] (2015)

Soil degradation and fertility loss pose severe threats to the livelihood of farmers in sub-Saharan regions. Due to the need for land, continuous cultivation with staple food has gradually replaced previous shifting cultivation systems, so that fallow periods have considerably reduced and no longer fulfill their soil regeneration role. Here we explore the use and management of native woody resources for providing an in situ renewable organic amendment as a basis for increasing soil carbon and biological status, thus sustaining fertility, enhancing water capture and utilization and therefore buffering climatic stress. In areas such as the central plateau in Burkina Faso, slash- and drought-tolerant shrub species are commonly present in farmers' fields. Cut branches from these shrubs are sometimes placed on degraded soils as part of traditional soil restoration practices. Moreover, shrubs tend to intercept sediments and leaves and promote biological activity whereby they may form fertility islands of increased crop yield. We will review available data on traditional practices and current co-innovation efforts and outline first results from an EU-supported project we have initiated in Burkina Faso and Senegal (ERA ARD WASSA). This project is investigating if a sustainable use of native woody resources could be made, in combination with other organic sources such as crop residues or manure, to amend soils and help preserving fertility at the whole field scale. Through experimental plot trials and farmers' fields surveys, we are evaluating how woody residues use and management practices may impact agronomic performance and soil biological processes. Crop response to use of ligneous material will be linked with the availability and distribution of woody resource in the landscape, and the ways it could be eventually increased and sustainably managed. The socio-economic implications of implementing such practices are also considered. (Texte intégral)
Holoprosencephaly (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Manifestations and Management Resources
Hypoglycemia Prevalence in Prepubertal Children With Type 1 Diabetes on Standard Insulin Regimen: Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (2003)

Use of standard insulin regimens results in high prevalence and large intraindividual variation in hypoglycemia, particularly at night. Independent risk factors for nocturnal hypoglycemia were younger age, greater daily insulin dose, insulin regimen, and increasing weight.
Conformal Surface Coatings to Enable High Volume Expansion Li‐Ion Anode Materials (2010)

An alumina surface coating is demonstrated to improve electrochemical performance of MoO(3) nanoparticles as high capacity/high-volume expansion anodes for Li-ion batteries. Thin, conformal surface coatings were grown using atomic layer deposition (ALD) that relies on self-limiting surface reactions. ALD coatings were tested on both individual nanoparticles and prefabricated electrodes containing conductive additive and binder. The coated and non-coated materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. Importantly, increased stability and capacity retention was only observed when the fully fabricated electrode was coated. The alumina layer both improves the adhesion of the entire electrode, during volume expansion/contraction and protects the nanoparticle surfaces. Coating the entire electrode also allows for an important carbothermal reduction process that occurs during electrode pre-heat treatment. ALD is thus demonstrated as a novel and necessary method that may be employed to coat the tortuous network of a battery electrode.
Sequence Prediction using Spectral RNNs (2018)

Fourier methods have a long and proven track record as an excellent tool in data processing. As memory and computational constraints gain importance in embedded and mobile applications, we propose to combine Fourier methods and recurrent neural network architectures. The short-time Fourier transform allows us to efficiently process multiple samples at a time. Additionally, weight reductions trough low pass filtering is possible. We predict time series data drawn from the chaotic Mackey-Glass differential equation and real-world power load and motion capture data.
Well completion process for formations with unconsolidated sands (2023)

A method for consolidating sand around a well, involving injecting hot water or steam through well casing perforations in to create a cement-like area around the perforation of sufficient rigidity to prevent sand from flowing into and obstructing the well. The cement area has several wormholes that provide fluid passageways between the well and the formation, while still inhibiting sand inflow.
Distinct mutations in two patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency and their functional correlates. (1990)

Two patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), one with a moderate phenotype (patient 14) and one with a severe phenotype (patient 2) who had been shown to have a normal sized beta subunit protein precursor, were analyzed in an attempt to determine the molecular basis for their disease. RNase mapping located possible mutations to two distinct but adjacent regions of the beta subunit cDNA. Sequencing of patient-derived cDNA clones in this region revealed a C for T difference at amino acid 149 in patient 14 which resulted in the substitution of a leucine for a proline, and an A for G substitution at amino acid 169 in patient 2 which mutated a glycine to an arginine. The mutated amino acids are in a region of the cDNA that is highly conserved between the beta subunits of the integrin family and are identical in all known integrin beta subunits. Co-transfection of the beta subunit cDNA containing the patient 2 mutation with the wild-type alpha subunit of LFA-1 in a mammalian expression system resulted in no expression of LFA-1. In the case of the mutation in patient 14 there was markedly diminished expression of LFA-1 with loss of function and loss of the epitope for a number of anti-beta mAbs. Normal half-life of the mutant beta subunits, and previous demonstration of a lack of alpha/beta complex formation during biosynthesis in patient cells, suggest a defect in association with the alpha subunit. Association with beta is required for expression of the alpha subunit of LFA-1. Loss of functional expression with both of these beta subunit mutations suggests that they lie in a site critical for association with the alpha subunit.
Effect of Oral Amino Acids on Counterregulatory Responses and Cognitive Function During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Nondiabetic and Type 1 Diabetic People (2008)

Oral amino acids improve cognitive function in response to hypoglycemia and enhance the response of glucagon in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects.
A new double-talk detection algorithm based on the orthogonality theorem (1991)

The algorithm not only prevents the echo canceler from being disturbed by double talking but also tracks the echo path variations. Although the algorithm requires more computation and storage than conventional algorithms, excellent double-talk interference protection performance and echo path tracking have been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined Endoscopic Therapy And Percutaneous Approach in Patients with Biliary Strictures After Adult Right-Lobe Living-Donor Liver Transplantation (2019)

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with balloon dilation and stenting is the curative treatment for biliary anastomotic (AS) strictures after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility and clinical outcomes of combined endoscopic and percutaneous therapy for biliary AS stricture in adult right-lobe living donor liver transplantation with duct to duct anastomosis. Materials and methods: Between January 2008 and December 2015, 648 patients receiving right-lobe LDLT in our hospital were analyzed for biliary complications. When biliary strictures were diagnosed, patients underwent ERC first as a diagnostic as well as treatment modality to dilate the strictures and biliary stenting. If ERC failed, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and/or combined PTC and ERC were done. Results: Eighty-two biliary strictures were diagnosed in 648 recipients (13%; 82/648) at an average of 256 (7-1979) days after LDLT. Among 82 patients (age 52.6 9.6 years, range 24-72), 40 patients were successfully treated by ERC, 5 by PTC, and 9 by combined PTC and ERC. In successful ERC with an average of 5.03 2.96 sessions, 1111.0 plastic stents in total and 21 stents at each ERC session were placed. The mean time to stricture resolution was 708 532 (28-1967), 298 135 (145-398), and 499 239 (288-827) days for patients receiving ERC, PTC, and combined PTC and ERC, respectively. Conclusions: Biliary complications following LDLT is associated with high mortality. In severe biliary strictures, the procedure that combines PTC and ERC can be curative in patients with prior failed ERC treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DODECACARBONYL‐TRIANGULO‐TRIRUTHENIUM AND DODECACARBONYLTETRAHYDRIDOTETRARUTHENIUM WITH MIXTURES OF CYCLIC POLYOLEFINS (1979)

Abstract Die Behandlung der Titelverbindungen mit einer Mischung von Cyclopentadien/Cyclooctatetraen lieferte als Hauptprodukt den kristallinen Komplex (Ia) neben (Ib) in geringer Ausb. Mit einer optimierten Mischung Cyclopentadien/Cycloheptatrien reagiert Ru 4 H 4 (CO) 12 zu demDicarbonylruthenocen (II) und dem Cycloheptadienkomplex (III) sowie den mehrkernigen Komplexen (IVa) und (IVb) als Nebenprodukten.
Probe and control of the reservoir density of states in single-electron devices (2010)

We present a systematic study of the density of states (DOS) in electron accumulation layers near a ${\text{Si-SiO}}_{2}$ interface. In the experiments we have employed two conceptually different objects to probe DOS, namely, a phosphorus donor and a quantum dot, both operating in the single-electron tunneling regime. We demonstrate how the peaks in reservoir DOS can be moved in the transport window independently of the other device properties. This method introduces a fast and convenient way of identifying excited states in these emerging nanostructures.
An Approach to Hypermedia in Diagnostic Systems. (1991)

NRC publication: Yes
Assessing the role of insulin‐like growth factors and binding proteins in prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization: Genetic variants as instruments for circulating levels (2016)

Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with prostate cancer. Using genetic variants as instruments for IGF peptides, we investigated whether these associations are likely to be causal. We identified from the literature 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF axis previously associated with biomarker levels (8 from a genome-wide association study [GWAS] and 48 in reported candidate genes). In ∼700 men without prostate cancer and two replication cohorts (N ∼ 900 and ∼9,000), we examined the properties of these SNPS as instrumental variables (IVs) for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. Those confirmed as strong IVs were tested for association with prostate cancer risk, low (< 7) vs. high (≥ 7) Gleason grade, localised vs. advanced stage, and mortality, in 22,936 controls and 22,992 cases. IV analysis was used in an attempt to estimate the causal effect of circulating IGF peptides on prostate cancer. Published SNPs in the IGFBP1/IGFBP3 gene region, particularly rs11977526, were strong instruments for IGF-II and IGFBP-3, less so for IGF-I. Rs11977526 was associated with high (vs. low) Gleason grade (OR per IGF-II/IGFBP-3 level-raising allele 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Using rs11977526 as an IV we estimated the causal effect of a one SD increase in IGF-II (∼265 ng/mL) on risk of high vs. low grade disease as 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Because of the potential for pleiotropy of the genetic instruments, these findings can only causally implicate the IGF pathway in general, not any one specific biomarker.
Influence of Light Emitting Diodes on Indigenous Microalgae Cultivation in Municipal Wastewater (2015)

In this study, the effect of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on microalgae cultivation in municipal wastewater was examined in comparison to the fluorescent light. Two kinds of wastewater were evaluated: first one with low concentration of total phosphorous (TP) and second one with high TP concentration. The nutrient removal and biomass production using LEDs is efficient at photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity of 107-112 μmol m-2 s-1 which is slightly higher than fluorescent light. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the applicability and distribution of light in wastewater where the environment is not defined. More importantly, winter and rainy periods contribute to dark condition and dilution of wastewater, intense LED light offers a feasible option for the functioning of closed micro algae based activated sludge (MAAS) process for recovery and reuse of nutrients.
Nature of Luminescence and Pharmacological Activity of Sulfaguanidine (2023)

Sulfonamides are one of the oldest groups of veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. Physico-chemical properties, the concentration and the nature of the environment are the factors responsible for the distribution of sulfonamides in the living organism. Although these drug compounds have been in use for more than half a century, knowledge about their behavior is still limited. Physiological activity is currently attributed to the sulfanyl radical. Our study is devoted to the spectral properties of aqueous solutions of sulfaguanidine, in which the formation of complexes with an H-bond and a protonated form takes place. The nature of the fluorescent state of sulfaguanidine was interpreted using computational chemistry, the electronic absorption method and the luminescence method. The structure of sulfaguanidine includes several active fragments: aniline, sulfonic and guanidine. To reveal the role of fragments in the physiological activity of the studied antibiotic, we calculated and compared the effective charges of the fragments of aniline and sulfaguanidine molecules. Chromophore groups were identified in molecules, which determine the intermolecular interaction between a molecule and a proton-donor solvent. The study also revealed the impact of sulfone and guanidine groups, as well as complexation, on the effective charge of the antibiotic fragment responsible for physiological activity and luminescent ability.