gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation State of Manganese in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Powders and Its Effect on Electrochemical Properties (2007)

Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) powders for lithium ion batteries were synthesized from two separate raw material pairs, LiOH/MnO and LiOH/MnO2. The prepared powders and their electrochemical properties were investigated. Powders calcined at 780°C were composed of a single-phase spinel structure but those treated at 850°C showed a higher intensity ratio of I400 to I311, a slightly larger lattice parameter, and an increased discharge capacity by 10% under 3.0~4.3V voltage range. The XPS study on the oxidation states of manganese repealed that powders made from LiOH/MnO had less Mn3+ ion and gave better battery performances than those from LiOH/MnO2.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2015)

Against a background of considerable epidemiological and other evidence implicating omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the negative results of the Age-Related Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) were unexpected. The possibility that the design, setting, intake or subjects of AREDS2 may not have permitted the prophylactic potential of omega-3 to be adequately demonstrated is considered. Epidemiological studies had indicated potential preventative effects of omega-3, and an earlier randomised prospective study (NAT2) showed that patients who achieved high red blood cell membrane EPA/DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid) levels were significantly protected against AMD compared with those with permanently low EPA/DHA levels. Various methodological differences between these studies are considered. NAT2 included a true placebo group, whereas control subjects in AREDS2 received a nutritional formula already found to be effective in AREDS1, but no placebo for DHA/EPA supplementation. Differences in the handling of non-compliant subjects and the formulation of the test formulations are considered. Given these considerations, and other lines of evidence from laboratory and clinical studies, closing the chapter on omega-3 in AMD prevention may be premature.
Whip dynamics in a freely falling chain (2022)

In this work, we examine the whip dynamics in a freely falling chain. We consider an inextensible chain with free ends in the presence of gravity hanging from a fixed pulley. If the configuration is unbalanced, the chain begins to accelerate and eventually may lift off the pulley. We show that after the liftoff, the dynamics of the chain resemble that of a whip whose tip speed diverges. The curved region of the chain plays a key role in the dynamics, lifting the chain. The chain is in free fall, yet it exhibits whip dynamics, with one end snapping upward periodically as the chain falls. We have conducted experiments demonstrating this phenomena.
A Particle Filtering Approach for On-Line Failure Prognosis in a Planetary Carrier Plate (2007)

This paper introduces an on-line particle-filtering-based framework for failure prognosis in nonlinear, non-Gaussian systems. This framework uses a nonlinear state-space model of the plant(with unknown time-varying parameters) and a particle filtering(PF) algorithm to estimate the probability density function(pdf) of the state in real-time. The state pdf estimate is then used to predict the evolution in time of the fault indicator, obtaining as a result the pdf of the remaining useful life(RUL) for the faulty subsystem. This approach provides information about the precision and accuracy of long-term predictions, RUL expectations, and 95% confidence intervals for the condition under study. Data from a seeded fault test for a UH-60 planetary carrier plate are used to validate the proposed methodology.
Prediction of cure time for a rubber cement used for conveyer belt splicing (1991)

Abstract The evolution of bonding strength for a commercial cold vulcanizing rubber cement was determined using small–mscale simulated conveyer belt splicing. Peel and shear data obtained under isothermal conditions fit a modified Avrami model X = 1 − exp(− kt 1/2 ), where X is the degree of ultimate shear or peel bond strength obtained and the rate constant k shows a typical Arrhenius type temperature dependence k = 42 exp(1670/ T ) min 1/2 for peel strength, and k = 57 exp(−2000/ T ) min 1/2 for shear strength. ( T is the absolute temperature in K.) Bonding strength evolution under nonisothermal cure conditions can be estimated by integrating the general rate expression dX / dt = 0.5 k 2 (1 − X )/(−ln[1 − X ]).
Designing Haptics: Comparing Two Virtual Reality Gloves with Respect to Realism, Performance and Comfort (2018)

This paper describes the development of custom built interface between a force-replicating Virtual Reality (VR) haptic glove, and a user. The ability to convey haptic information - both kinesthetic and tactile - is a critical barrier in creating comprehensive simulations. Haptic interface gloves can convey haptic information, but often the haptic signal is diluted by sensory noise, miscuing the users brain. Our goal is to convey compelling interactions with virtual objects, such as grasping, squeezing, and pressing by improving one such haptic interface glove - the Sense Glove - through a redesign of the user-glove interface - Soft Glove. The redesign revolves around three critical design factors - comfort, realism, and performance - and three critical design areas - thimble/fingertip, palm, and haptic feedback. This paper introduces the redesign method and compares the two designs with a quantitative user study. The benefit of the Improved Soft Glove can be shown by a significant improvement of the design factors.
Multiple Expression of Molecular Information: Enforced Generation of Different Supramolecular Inorganic Architectures by Processing of the Same Ligand Information through Specific Coordination Algorithms (2000)

The multisubunit ligand 2 combines two complexation substructures known to undergo, with specific metal ions, distinct self-assembly processes to form a double-helical and a grid-type structure, respectively. The binding information contained in this molecular strand may be expected to generate, in a strictly predetermined and univocal fashion, two different, well-defined output inorganic architectures depending on the set of metal ions, that is, on the coordination algorithm used. Indeed, as predicted, the self-assembly of 2 with eight CuII and four CuI yields the intertwined structure D1. It results from a crossover of the two assembly subprograms and has been fully characterized by crystal structure determination. On the other hand, when the instructions of strand 2 are read out with a set of eight CuI and four MII (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) ions, the architectures C1-C4, resulting from a linear combination of the two subprograms, are obtained, as indicated by the available physico-chemical and spectral data. Redox interconversion of D1 and C4 has been achieved. These results indicate that the same molecular information may yield different output structures depending on how it is processed, that is, depending on the interactional (coordination) algorithm used to read it. They have wide implications for the design and implementation of programmed chemical systems, pointing towards multiprocessing capacity, in a one code/ several outputs scheme, of potential significance for molecular computation processes and possibly even with respect to information processing in biology.
Subcellular Speciation Analysis of Trace Element Oxidation States Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (2007)

International audience
Effects of reproduction equipment on interaction with a spatial audio interface (2005)

Spatial audio displays have been criticized because the use of headphones may isolate users from their real world audio environment. In this paper we study the effects of three types of audio reproduction equipment (standard headphones, bone-conductance headphones and monaural presentation using a single earphone) on time and accuracy during interaction with a deictic spatial audio display. Participants selected a target sound emitting from one of four different locations in the presence of distracters whilst wearing the different types of headphones. Target locations were marked with audio feedback. No significant differences were found for time and accuracy ratings between bone conductance and standard headphones. Monaural reproduction significantly slowed interaction. The results show that alternative reproduction equipment can be used to overcome user isolation from the natural audio environment.
The intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of N-dienoyl acrylimidates. An efficient approach for the synthesis of hexahydroisoquinolones and hexahydroisoindolones (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of N-dienoyl acrylimidates. An efficient approach for the synthesis of hexahydroisoquinolones and hexahydroisoindolonesArnold J. Gutierrez, Kenneth J. Shea, and John J. SvobodaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 18, 4335–4344Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00279a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00279a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views965Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In-phase power combining of submillimeter-wave multipliers (2008)

Submillimeter-wave multiplier circuits can either be optimized for maximum efficiency or maximum output power depending on the application. However, it is always desirable to have maximum output power without sacrificing efficiency. To accomplish this goal we have proposed and demonstrated in-phase power combining of submillimeter-wave multiplier chips. We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of a 260-340 GHz tripler that utilizes two mirror-image chips and produces a peak of 22 mW with 11% efficiency. This source is then used to drive a two-chip 790-950 GHz tripler. Preliminary results obtained from this LO chain are 0.7 mW at 890 GHz at room temperature. This technology advancement now makes it possible to extend the frequency coverage of multiplier based sources well into the THz range.
A double‐blind randomized crossover trial of bromocriptine and placebo in restless legs syndrome (1988)

A double-blind randomized crossover study of 7.5 mg bromocriptine at bedtime versus placebo was conducted in 30-day phases (with a 2-week washout period between phases) in 6 patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Five patients experienced partial subjective improvement in restlessness and paresthesias on bromocriptine as opposed to placebo and expressed a desire to continue on the medication. On bromocriptine, the patients showed polysomnographically a mean decrease of 43% from control and a mean decrease of 57% from placebo in the number of periodic movements of sleep per hour of sleep (p less than 0.025). Two of 3 patients with abnormally decreased total sleep time and sleep efficiency showed an improvement in these measures on therapy. The dopamine agonist bromocriptine may be a useful therapy in some patients with restless legs syndrome.
Dominant and recessive mutations in rhodopsin activate different cell death pathways (2016)

Mutations in rhodopsin (RHO) are a common cause of retinal dystrophy and can be transmitted by dominant or recessive inheritance. Clinical symptoms caused by dominant and recessive mutations in patients and animal models are very similar but the molecular mechanisms leading to retinal degeneration may differ. We characterized three murine models of retina degeneration caused by either Rho loss of function or expression of the P23H dominant mutation in Rho. Rho loss of function is characterized by activation of calpains and apoptosis-inducing factor (Aif) in dying photoreceptors. Retinas bearing the P23H dominant mutations activate both the calpain-Aif cell death pathway and ER-stress responses that together contribute to photoreceptor cell demise. In vivo treatment with the calpastatin peptide, a calpain inhibitor, was strongly neuroprotective in mice lacking Rho while photoreceptor survival in retinas expressing the P23H dominant mutation was more affected by treatment with salubrinal, an inhibitor of the ER-stress pathway. The further reduction of photoreceptor cell demise by co-treatment with calpastatin and salubrinal suggests co-activation of the calpain and ER-stress death pathways in mice bearing dominant mutations in the Rho gene.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody Specific for the V3 Loop of HIV Type 1 Clade E Cross-Reacts with Other HIV Type 1 Clades (1998)

To ascertain the antigenic relationship between HIV-1 viruses belonging to various genetically defined subgroups (clades), shared epitopes need to be defined. Human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are particularly useful for this purpose because they can detect complex regions of viral proteins that may be missed by sequence analysis and because, by definition, they react with epitopes that stimulate the human immune system. Monoclonal antibodies derived from the cells of HIV-1 clade B-infected subjects have been used extensively for this purpose. Here we describe the first human MAb derived from a clade E-infected individual; the MAb is specific for the V3 loop, recognizing a core epitope represented by the amino acids TRTSVR on the N-terminal side of the crown of the V3 loop. The IgG1(kappa) MAb, designated 1324E, binds to the clade E consensus V3 loop, to rgp120 proteins from clade E and to peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with the virus that infected the subject from whose cells the MAb-producing heterohybridoma was derived. Strong cross-reactivity of the MAb to the V3 peptides, rgp120 proteins, and native monomeric gp120s representing clades A and C, as well as to cells infected with a clade C primary isolate, revealed a shared V3 epitope between these clades. When tested for its neutralizing ability, MAb 1324E neutralized a clade E isolate that had been adapted for growth in H9 cells but failed to neutralize five clade E primary isolates.
Brute force estimation of the number of human genes using EST clustering as a measure (2001)

A current question of considerable interest to both the medical and nonmedical communities concerns the number of human transcription units (which, for the purposes of this paper, are “genes”) and proteins. Even with the recent announcement of the completion of the draft sequence of the human genome, it is still extremely difficult to predict the number of genes present in the genome. There are several methods for gene prediction, all involving computational tools. One way to approach this question, involving both computation and experiment, is to look at copies of fragments of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) called expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The mRNA comes only from a gene being expressed, or translated, into RNA; by clustering mRNA fragments, we can try to reconstruct the expressed gene. While the final result is a very rough representation of the “true expressed transcript,” it is probably within 20% of the real number. Here, we review the issues involved in EST clustering and present an estimate of the total number of human genes. Our results to date indicate that there are some 70000 transcription units, with an average of 1.2 different transcripts per transcription unit. Thus, we estimate the total number of human proteins to be at least 85 000. The total number of proteins will be higher because of post-translational modification.
Inhibition of Glutathione Synthesis (1983)

A B S T R A C T GSH plays an important role in cellular defense against a wide variety of toxic electrophiles via the formation of thioether conjugates. We studied the role of GSH in murine tumor cell defense against a novel class of sulfhydryl-reactive antineoplastics, the sesquiterpene lactones (SL). Incubation of P815 mastocytoma cells with any of the four SL tested (vernolepin, helenalin, elephantopin, and eriofertopin) for 1 h resulted in 70-97% depletion of GSH. The importance of GSH resynthesis upon exposure of tumor cells to SL was evaluated with the use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a selective, nontoxic inhibitor of y-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of GSH synthesis with 0.2 mM BSO markedly enhanced SL-mediated cytolysis of four murine tumor cell lines. A 6to 34-fold reduction in the amount of SL causing 50% lysis was obtained with BSO. Addition of BSO to P815 cells either during or immediately after a 1-h pulse with 10 ug/ml of vernolepin increased cytolysis from <3% to 78-82%. However, a 1.5-h delay in the addition of BSO to such cells, which allowed for substantial resynthesis of GSH, reduced cytolysis to 30%. Recovery
The Periodate Oxidation of Some Dihydroxyaminoalkanes1 (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Periodate Oxidation of Some Dihydroxyaminoalkanes1J. F. Mead and E. A. BartronCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1286–1287Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a517RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (264 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Gasification Characterization of Ionic Liquids as Propellants (2008)

The objective of the program was to understand and quantify the gasification and oxidation characteristics of droplets of ionic liquids (ILs) in environments of various temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Using 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium dicyanamide as a surrogate IL, extensive experiments were performed on suspended and freely falling droplets, and on relating the droplet combustion behavior to the evolution of its internal temperature. Results show that, because of the extreme low volatility of the IL, surface gasification is minimal while internal heating of the droplet is the dominant mode of heat transfer. Furthermore, substantial liquid-phase pyrolytic reaction is nitiated when the droplet is heated to 400 deg C. This state of heating and pyrolysis continues, leading to the formation of a solid mass. The presence of gas-phase reaction leads to self-sustained combustion of this mass in a high-oxygen environment until complete burnout, while the combustion cannot be self sustained in a low-oxygen environment. The formation of the solid mass and its slow rate of gasification are believed to be a major problem with the utilization of ionic liquids as propellants.
069 Sonic Hedgehog Regulation of Neurite Formation in Aged Pelvic Plexus (2019)

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein delivered by nanoparticle based peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofiber hydrogel to the cavernous nerve and penis at the time of crush injury (prostatectomy model), is neuroprotective, accelerates CN regeneration, improves erectile function (∼60% 6wk), preserves penile smooth muscle (56%) and suppresses collagen deposition (30%). This regenerative potential is substantial in an adult prostatectomy model (P120). However prostatectomy patients are typically older (61.5 ± 9.6 years) and our models should mimic patient conditions more effectively when considering translation. In this study we examine regenerative potential in an aged prostatectomy model (P200-329). Caudal portion of the pelvic ganglia (MPG) and CN were dissected from adult (n=11), and aged (n=13) Sprague Dawley rats, and were grown in organ culture 3 days. Uninjured and 2 day CN crushed MPG/CN were exposed to Affi-Gel beads containing SHH protein, PBS (control), or 5e1 SHH inhibitor. Neurites were quantified by counting the number of growth cones normalized by tissue perimeter (mm) and immunohistochemistry for SHH, patched1 (PTCH1), smoothened (SMO), GLI1-3, and GAP43 were performed.
Parallel Screening and Activity Profiling with HIV Protease Inhibitor Pharmacophore Models (2007)

Parallel Screening has been introduced as an in silico method to predict the potential biological activities of compounds by screening them with a multitude of pharmacophore models. This study presents an early application example employing a Pipeline Pilot-based screening platform for automatic large-scale virtual activity profiling. An extensive set of HIV protease inhibitor pharmacophore models was used to screen a selection of active and inactive compounds. Furthermore, we aimed to address the usually critically eyed point, whether it is possible in a parallel screening system to differentiate between similar molecules/molecules acting on closely related proteins, and therefore we incorporated a collection of other protease inhibitors including aspartic protease inhibitors. The results of the screening experiments show a clear trend toward most extensive retrieval of known active ligands, followed by the general protease inhibitors and lowest recovery of inactive compounds.
Systems of Zero‐Phonon Lines Due to Mn2+ Pairs in ZnS (1985)

Abstract By time resolved and site selecting spectroscopy at ZnS doped by 0.5 wt% Mn two systems of zero‐phonon lines are detected, which appear at this concentration in addition to the zero‐phonon lines due to isolated Mn 2+ ions. These zero‐phonon lines are ascribed to two independent systems of Mn 2+ pairs.
Entrevista a Philippe Bloch, director de la división de Física del CERN (2013)

La Fisica de Altas Energias es una de las disciplinas cientificas que mas titulares ha dado ultimamente. El Laboratorio Europeo de Fisica de Particulas (CERN) y su proyecto estrella, el acelerador de particulas mas grande del mundo, el LHC, son en gran parte responsables