gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous B-doped graphene inspired by Fried-Ice for supercapacitors and metal-free catalysts (2013)

An easy and efficient approach inspired by the ‘Fried-Ice’ concept has been developed for the preparation of boron-doped graphene (B-G) with porous morphologies. The morphology, boron content, and specific surface area (SSA) of these porous graphenes could be well tuned by controlling the reaction temperature. Because of the steam etching effect, the as-prepared porous B-Gs have a high SSA of up to 622 m2 g−1. The porous B-doped graphene electrodes show promising performance in supercapacitors with a gravimetric capacitance of up to 281 F g−1. As metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium, these electrodes facilitate the four-electron transfer process with high performances in limited current density and high onset potential (−0.12 V vs. SCE) that is close to that of the commercial Pt/C (40 wt%) and excellent tolerance to methanol and carbon monoxide.
Sr$sup 90$ POWERS AN AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION (1962)

BS>The development of the first nuclear-powered weather system, now in operation on Axel Heiberg Island in the Arctic, is described. SrTiO/sub 3/ and Hastelloy C were selected as the Sr/sup 90/ compound and container material, respectively, and a 5-watt thermoelectric generator and a data telemetry package were constructed. Test results and installation are described. (D.L.C.)
Continuous metal plasmonic frequency selective surfaces (2011)

In the microwave part of the spectrum, where losses are minimal, metal films regularly patterned (perforated) on the sub-wavelength scale achieve spectral selectivity by balancing the transmission and reflection characteristics of the surface. Here we show for optical frequencies, where joule losses are important, that periodic structuring of a metal film without violation of continuity (i.e. without perforation) is sufficient to achieve substantial modification of reflectivity. By engineering the geometry of the structure imposed on a surface one can dramatically change the perceived color of the metal without employing any form of chemical modification, thin-film coating or diffraction effects. This novel frequency selective effect is underpinned by plasmonic Joule losses in the constituent elements of the patterns (dubbed 'intaglio' and 'bas relief' metamaterials to distinguish indented and raised structures respectively) and is specific to the optical part of the spectrum. It has the advantage of maintaining the integrity of metal surfaces and is well suited to high-throughput fabrication via techniques such as nano-imprint.
High-Level Energy Estimation in the Sub-V<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{{\rm T}}$</tex></formula> Domain: Simulation and Measurement of a Cardiac Event Detector (2011)

This paper presents a flow that is suitable to estimate energy dissipation of digital standard-cell based designs which are determined to operate in the subthreshold regime. The flow is applicable on gate-level netlists, where back-annotated toggle information is used to find the minimum energy operation point, corresponding maximum clock frequency, as well as the dissipated energy per clock cycle. The application of the model is demonstrated by exploring the energy efficiency of pipelining, retiming, and register balancing. Simulation results, which are obtained during a fraction of SPICE simulation time, are validated by measurements on a wavelet-based cardiac event detector that was fabricated in 65-nm low-leakage high-threshold technology. The mean of the absolute modeling error is calculated as 5.2%, with a standard deviation of 6.6% over the measurement points. The cardiac event detector dissipates 0.88 pJ/sample at a supply voltage of 320 mV.
Young Perspectives on Molecular Biotechnology (1992)

Abstract Das, was Lise Meitner anno 1m als junge Wissenschaftlerin im Seminar von Max Planck im Sinn gehabt haben mag, als sie das erste „bonzenfreie Kolloquium”︁ initiierte, setzten jetzt Nachwuchswissenschaftler am MPI für bio‐physikalische Chemie in Göttingen in die Tat um. Eine Woche lang, vom 23. bis 29. Februar 1992 diskutierten (fast) ausschließlich junge Wissenschaftler neue Konzepte und Methoden einer Molekularen Biotechnologie. Damit fie1 die Wahl des Tagungsschwerpunkts euf ein ebenfalls relativ junges Gebiet, das noch im letzten Jahr unter dem Stichwort „Evolutive Biotechnologie”︁ für viel Aufmerksamkeit gerade auch unter jüngeren Wissenschaftlern gesorgt hatte Vgl. dazu diese Nachr. 1991, 39 , 785. .
Effect of storage time and the level of formic acid on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and in vitro digestibility of rice straw silage (2021)

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage time and formic acid (FA) on fermentation characteristics, epiphytic microflora, carbohydrate components and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; digestibility of rice straw silage.Methods: Fresh rice straw was ensiled with four levels of FA (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of fresh weight) for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, and 60 d. At each time point, the silos were opened and sampled for chemical and microbial analyses. Meanwhile, the fresh and 60-d ensiled rice straw were further subjected to &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; analyses.Results: The results showed that 0.2% and 0.6% FA both produced well-preserved silages with low pH value and undetected butyric acid, whereas it was converse for 0.4% FA. The populations of enterobacteria, yeasts, moulds and aerobic bacteria were suppressed by 0.2% and 0.6% FA, resulting in lower dry matter loss, ammonia nitrogen and ethanol content (p&lt;0.05). The increase of FA linearly (p&lt;0.001) decreased neutral detergent fibre and hemicellulose, linearly (p&lt;0.001) increased residual water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, fructose and xylose. The &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; gas production of rice straw was decreased by ensilage but the initial gas production rate was increased, and further improved by FA application (p&lt;0.05). No obvious difference of FA application on &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre was observed (p&gt;0.05).Conclusion: The 0.2% FA application level promoted lactic acid fermentation while 0.6% FA restricted all microbial fermentation of rice straw silages. Rice straw ensiled with 0.2% FA or 0.6% FA improved its nutrient preservation without affecting digestion, with the 0.6% FA level best.
Local Density of States for Solids in an Electric Field (2000)

The local densities of states (LDOSs) in electrified simple cubic crystals have been studied within the semi-empirical tight-binding (TB) model. One-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cases are investigated, taking into account first neighbours and one band, when an external constant electric field with arbitrary direction is applied. The increasing strength of the field in a given direction turns smoothly the LDOSs of an n-dimensional crystal (n = 1, 2, 3) into the LDOSs of an (n — 1)-dimensional crystal. The Wannier-Stark ladder phenomenon for crystals of different dimensionalities is discussed and the role of the electric field strength for the effective crystal dimension is assessed. The LDOSs are calculated by means of a new convolution technique which allows to compute the results faster than any conventional method.
Reactive oxygen species and elastase mediate lung permeability after acid aspiration (1992)

Acid aspiration leads to increased neutrophil (PMN) oxidative metabolism, an event associated with lung leukosequestration and permeability increase. Neutropenia protected the vascular barrier function against acid injury. This study tests whether active oxygen species and elastase (which are presumably released by adherent PMNs) affect the microvascular barrier. Anesthetized rats underwent tracheostomy and insertion of a cannula into a lung segment. This was followed by localized instillation of 0.1 N HCl (n = 18) or saline (n = 18). Sequestration of PMNs in acid-aspirated and nonaspirated segments was 77 and 46 PMNs/high-power field (HPF), respectively, which was higher than control values of 11 and 8 PMNs/10 HPF in saline-aspirated and nonaspirated regions (P less than 0.05). Acid aspiration was associated with increased protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid to 3,550 and 2,900 micrograms/ml in the aspirated and nonaspirated lungs, respectively, which were higher than control values of 420 and 400 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.05). Acid aspiration also led to increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratios (W/D) of 6.6 and 5.4, which were higher than control values of 3.4 and 3.3 (P less than 0.05). Intravenous treatment of rats (n = 18) 90 min after aspiration with scavengers of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (1,500 U/kg), and catalase (5,000 U/kg), both conjugated to polyethylene glycol, did not reduce PMN sequestration but attenuated acid aspiration-induced increase in protein accumulation in BAL fluid in the aspirated and nonaspirated segments (990 and 610 micrograms/ml) as well as the increased lung W/D (4.6 and 4.0; all P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrical Transport and Electric Power Generation Properties of Lanthanum Silicate Oxyapatite Ceramics Prepared by a Sol-gel Method (2009)

Dense ceramics of lanthanum silicate oxyapatite with composition of La 9.50 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2.25 were fabricated from a precursor prepared by a water-based sol-gel method and sintered at 1773 K; this temperature is considerably lower than the sintering temperature used in conventional solid-state reaction method. The electrical transport properties and solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) performance of lanthanum silicate oxyapatite ceramics were investigated by measuring the total conductivity, electromotive force of an oxygen concentration cell, and SOFC performance test. The transference number of oxide ions was found to be unity between 773 K and 1273 K under oxygen partial pressures from 10 -25 atm to 1 atm. An almost linear relationship was observed between the output current and the terminal voltage by the SOFC performance test.
Nonlinear Dynamic Study of a Bistable MEMS: Model and Experiment (2004)

In the Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (see vol. 11, pp. 574-583, Oct. 2002), we presented an actuation scheme for toggling a bistable MEMS, a buckled beam, from one stable state to the other using radiation pressure of light. The experiments revealed some anomalous behavior of the beam. While long duration laser pulses at a power level slightly above the toggle threshold reliably toggled the beam every time, short duration pulses of the same power toggled the beam only about two-thirds of the time. In addition, when excessively high power levels (far above the toggle threshold) were used, the beam would not reliably toggle regardless of the pulse duration. This paper resolves the anomaly. It presents a nonlinear dynamical analysis of the bistable beam device which explains the anomaly as follows: a slightly higher than threshold force, applied for sufficient time, toggles the beam. If the force duration is longer than the time of decay of the oscillation of the beam about the toggled state, then the beam remains in that state after the force is removed. Otherwise, the beam may return to the original state. On the other hand, if the beam is toggled by a force far above the threshold, then after removal of the force, the beam may oscillate spanning both the states until the motion decays and the beam settles down to one of the states, not necessarily the toggled state, which may appear to be an anomalous behavior. The theoretical model is validated by a series of toggling experiments.
Generation of arbitrary two-qubit entangled states in cavity QED (2004)

Abstract We present a scheme for the generation of arbitrary two-qubit entangled states between two cavity fields via interaction of an atom resonantly interacting with classical and quantized cavity fields. The controlling parameters are the interaction times with these fields.
Selective small molecule PARG inhibitor causes replication fork stalling and cancer cell death (2019)

Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation (PARylation) by PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARylation removal by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) critically regulate DNA damage responses; yet, conflicting reports obscure PARG biology and its impact on cancer cell resistance to PARP1 inhibitors. Here, we found that PARG expression is upregulated in many cancers. We employed chemical library screening to identify and optimize methylxanthine derivatives as selective bioavailable PARG inhibitors. Multiple crystal structures reveal how substituent positions on the methylxanthine core dictate binding modes and inducible-complementarity with a PARG-specific tyrosine clasp and arginine switch, supporting inhibitor specificity and a competitive inhibition mechanism. Cell-based assays show selective PARG inhibition and PARP1 hyperPARylation. Moreover, our PARG inhibitor sensitizes cells to radiation-induced DNA damage, suppresses replication fork progression and impedes cancer cell survival. In PARP inhibitor-resistant A172 glioblastoma cells, our PARG inhibitor shows comparable killing to Nedaplatin, providing further proof-of-concept that selectively inhibiting PARG can impair cancer cell survival.
New Azodyes for LC Photoalignment and Optical Films (2005)

New series of highly anisotropic azodyes with a strong absorption in the visible range is developed. The potential of these materials for LC photoalignment is studied and their utility for LCD optical films is discussed. The mechanisms of the molecular photoordering in the azodye films are considered.
Betylates. 2. The formation and high reactivity of alkyl [0]betylates (1981)

Unhindered primary alkyl N,N-dimethylsulfamates (1) react with methyl fluorosulfate to give the corresponding alkyl fluorosulfates (3) and the betaine, [Formula: see text] (4), evidently by way of the intermediate alkyl [0]betylate fluorosulfate (2); with certain other alkyl esters (1) products of substitution, elimination, and rearrangement are formed. The reaction not only provides a potentially useful route to simple alkyl fluorosulfates, but serves to demonstrate the powerful nucleofugality of the [0]betylate group. To obtain a method for predicting the reactivity of [0]betylates, we have compared substituent parameters with rate constants in four series of nucleophilic displacements involving esters of the general structure ROSO 2 Z; correlation (of log k) with σ* is mediocre but a new parameter, [Formula: see text] with a "15% resonance" contribution as defined by Swain and Lupton, gives good to excellent agreement in the four reaction series. Evidence is presented for formation of the 7-norbornyl cation via the [0]betylate from 7-norbornyl N,N-dimethylsulfamate and methyl fluorosulfate. Comparison with what is known of the reactivities of 7-norbornyl p-toluenesulfonate and trifluoromethanesulfonate esters serves to confirm that [0]betylates are among the most nucleofugal functions of which a derivative has been fully characterized.
Data Fusion For Long Range Target Acquisition (1997)

this paper, combines the previous feature and sensor level fusion, by extracting the features in each sensor as before but using the feature level fusion directly on the combination of all features
Synoviocyte Derived-Extracellular Matrix Enhances Human Articular Chondrocyte Proliferation and Maintains Re-Differentiation Capacity at Both Low and Atmospheric Oxygen Tensions (2015)

Synoviocyte-derived matrix supports enhanced expansion of human chondrocytes such that the chondrocytes are maintained in a state from which they can re-differentiate into a cartilage phenotype after significantly more population doublings. Also, low oxygen tension supports GAG, but not collagen, accumulation. These findings are a step towards the production of a more functional, tissue engineered cartilage.
Circulating endothelial cells as biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (2018)

A robust and precise assay to quantify CECs and EPCs in pre-clinical and clinical studies has been established. CEC counts resulted to be a good diagnostic biomarker for DN and HFpEF.
An atypical and functionally diverse family of Kunitz-type cysteine/serine proteinase inhibitors secreted by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica (2020)

Fasciola hepatica is a global parasite of humans and their livestock. Regulation of parasite-secreted cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases associated with virulence is important to fine-tune parasite-host interaction. We uncovered a family of seven Kunitz-type (FhKT) inhibitors dispersed into five phylogenetic groups. The most highly expressed FhKT genes (group FhKT1) are secreted by the newly excysted juveniles (NEJs), the stage responsible for host infection. The FhKT1 inhibitors do not inhibit serine proteases but are potent inhibitors of parasite cathepsins L and host lysosomal cathepsin L, S and K cysteine proteases (inhibition constants < 10 nM). Their unusual inhibitory properties are due to (a) Leu<sup>15</sup> in the reactive site loop P1 position that sits at the water-exposed interface of the S1 and S1' subsites of the cathepsin protease, and (b) Arg<sup>19</sup> which forms cation-π interactions with Trp<sup>291</sup> of the S1' subsite and electrostatic interactions with Asp<sup>125</sup> of the S2' subsite. FhKT1.3 is exceptional, however, as it also inhibits the serine protease trypsin due to replacement of the P1 Leu<sup>15</sup> in the reactive loop with Arg<sup>15</sup>. The atypical Kunitz-type inhibitor family likely regulate parasite cathepsin L proteases and/or impairs host immune cell activation by blocking lysosomal cathepsin proteases involved in antigen processing and presentation.
Long-term IL-33–producing epithelial progenitor cells in chronic obstructive lung disease (2013)

Chronic obstructive lung disease is characterized by persistent abnormalities in epithelial and immune cell function that are driven, at least in part, by infection. Analysis of parainfluenza virus infection in mice revealed an unexpected role for innate immune cells in IL-13-dependent chronic lung disease, but the upstream driver for the immune axis in this model and in humans with similar disease was undefined. We demonstrate here that lung levels of IL-33 are selectively increased in postviral mice with chronic obstructive lung disease and in humans with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the mouse model, IL-33/IL-33 receptor signaling was required for Il13 and mucin gene expression, and Il33 gene expression was localized to a virus-induced subset of airway serous cells and a constitutive subset of alveolar type 2 cells that are both linked conventionally to progenitor function. In humans with COPD, IL33 gene expression was also associated with IL13 and mucin gene expression, and IL33 induction was traceable to a subset of airway basal cells with increased capacities for pluripotency and ATP-regulated release of IL-33. Together, these findings provide a paradigm for the role of the innate immune system in chronic disease based on the influence of long-term epithelial progenitor cells programmed for excess IL-33 production.
Effect of operating parameters on the selectivity of nanofiltration phosphates transfer through a Nanomax-50 membrane (2011)

International audience
Asymmetric Organo-Metal Cooperative Catalysis (2017)

Key words α-arylation - organo-metal cooperative catalysis - asymmetric catalysis
Open Bar - a Brouwerian Intuitionistic Logic with a Pinch of Excluded Middle (2021)

One of the differences between Brouwerian intuitionistic logic and classical logic is their treatment of time. In classical logic truth is atemporal, whereas in intuitionistic logic it is time-relative. Thus, in intuitionistic logic it is possible to acquire new knowledge as time progresses, whereas the classical Law of Excluded Middle (LEM) is essentially flattening the notion of time stating that it is possible to decide whether or not some knowledge will ever be acquired. This paper demonstrates that, nonetheless, the two approaches are not necessarily incompatible by introducing an intuitionistic type theory along with a Beth-like model for it that provide some middle ground. On one hand they incorporate a notion of progressing time and include evolving mathematical entities in the form of choice sequences, and on the other hand they are consistent with a variant of the classical LEM. Accordingly, this new type theory provides the basis for a more classically inclined Brouwerian intuitionistic type theory.
Slide-position errors degrade machined optical component quality (1975)

An ultraprecision lathe is being developed at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant to fabricate optical components for use in high-energy laser systems. The lathe has the capability to produce virtually any shape mirror which is symmetrical about an axis of revolution. Two basic types of mirrors are fabricated on the lathe, namely: (1) mirrors which are machined using a single slide motion (such as flats and cylinders), and (2) mirrors which are produced by two-coordinated slide motions (such as hyperbolic reflectors; large, true-radius reflectors, and other contoured-surface reflectors). The surface-finish quality of typical mirrors machined by a single axis of motion is better than 13 nm, peak to valley, which is an order of magnitude better than the surface finishes of mirrors produced by two axes of motion. Surface finish refers to short-wavelength-figure errors that are visibly detectable. The primary cause of the inability to produce significantly better surface finishes on contoured mirrors has been determined as positional errors which exist in the slide positioning systems. The correction of these errors must be accomplished before contoured surface finishes comparable to the flat and cylinder can be machined on the lathe. (auth)
Host Mitochondrial Association Evolved in the Human ParasiteToxoplasma gondiivia Neofunctionalization of a Gene Duplicate (2016)

In Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite of humans and other animals, host mitochondrial association (HMA) is driven by a gene family that encodes multiple mitochondrial association factor 1 (MAF1) proteins. However, the importance of MAF1 gene duplication in the evolution of HMA is not understood, nor is the impact of HMA on parasite biology. Here we used within- and between-species comparative analysis to determine that the MAF1 locus is duplicated in T. gondii and its nearest extant relative Hammondia hammondi, but not another close relative, Neospora caninum Using cross-species complementation, we determined that the MAF1 locus harbors multiple distinct paralogs that differ in their ability to mediate HMA, and that only T. gondii and H. hammondi harbor HMA(+) paralogs. Additionally, we found that exogenous expression of an HMA(+) paralog in T. gondii strains that do not normally exhibit HMA provides a competitive advantage over their wild-type counterparts during a mouse infection. These data indicate that HMA likely evolved by neofunctionalization of a duplicate MAF1 copy in the common ancestor of T. gondii and H. hammondi, and that the neofunctionalized gene duplicate is selectively advantageous.
Gene Slider: sequence logo interactive data-visualization for education and research (2016)

Freely available on the web at: http://www.bar.utoronto.ca/GeneSlider and also as an app on http://araport.org Website implemented in JavaScript and Processing.js with all major browsers supported. Source code available under GNU GPLv2 at SourceForge: https://sourceforge.net/projects/geneslider/ CONTACT: nicholas.provart@utoronto.ca.