gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Technologies for Manufacturing High Strength Sour Grade UOE Line Pipe (2010)

X70 grade large diameter UOE linepipe steel for sour service has been manufactured stably by optimizing the continuous casting process, controlling the shape of inclusions and decreasing coarse precipitates. It is confirmed that the HIC and SSC resistance are good enough for severe sour conditions to apply. These higher strength linepipe steels for sour service are useful for the offshore and deep-sea pipelines. Additional improvements of HIC and SSC resistances are needed for manufacturing thicker and higher strength UOE linepipe steels for sour service. Optimizing alloying elements and ACC process are very important for the additional improvements of HIC and SSC resistance. In addition, the HIC evaluation method should be revised in order to match applied field conditions.
Using Dataflow Information to Improve Inter-Workflow Instance Concurrency (2005)

The control-flow-based design of traditional batch scheduling systems (i.e., Job A must finish before Job B is started) can constrain the concurrency in schedulers for high-performance computing (HPC) workloads. There are two main problems. First, the control-flow graph, representing the workflow, may be inherently limited in its degree of concurrency. Second, if the naming strategy of the input and output files of jobs is simplistic, there may be a filename conflict problem when multiple instances of the same workflow run concurrently.
Rat glomerular epithelial cells in culture express characteristics of parietal, not visceral, epithelium. (1992)

Glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) in culture are derived from intact isolated glomeruli. Although there is general agreement about distinguishing GEC from mesangial and endothelial cells, there is still uncertainty regarding the visceral versus parietal origin of cultured GEC. If these cells are to provide a useful model system, it is necessary to establish well-defined cell populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this important issue by comparing the characteristics of cultured GEC with glomerular epithelium from rat kidney sections. By electron microscopy, GEC were polygonal, with cilia and desmosomes between cells, similar to parietal cells in situ. Because intermediate filaments are specifically expressed in differentiated cells in the kidney, the expression of intermediate filaments in cultured GEC were compared with those of intact glomeruli. Cultured GEC are positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin and desmin, identical to parietal cells in situ. In contrast, podocytes are positive for vimentin and desmin and negative for cytokeratin. In vivo, podocytes express gp330 and puromycin-aminonucleoside (PAN) susceptibility, which are used as markers for cultured GEC. Immunoperoxidase staining of rat kidney sections with monoclonal anti-gp330 demonstrated gp330 localization to the cell surface and coated pits of the parietal cells, similar to its localization in podocytes. The presence of gp330 in cultured GEC was confirmed by immunoblot. PAN administration to rats induced vacuolization and detachment from the basement membrane in the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule, similar to the cytotoxicity observed in podocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Imaging and Characterization of Radioligands for Positron Emission Tomography Using Quantitative Phosphor Imaging Autoradiography (2005)

Quantification of radioligand binding by exposing labeled tissue sections to phosphor screens in cassettes is similar to autoradiography using radiation sensitive film (1) (see Chapters 5 and 7 ). The major advantage of phosphor screens over film is the greatly increased sensitivity with exposure times reduced by at least one order of magnitude (2,3). This is essential for short-lived radionuclides—such as 18F and 111C, with half-lives of 109.8 and 20.4 min, respectively—that are used to label peptide or drug ligands to image receptors noninvasively in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) (see Chapter 11 ). Phosphor imaging can also considerably reduce exposure times for weak β-particle emitters such as 3H from months to days (3). A second advantage is the increased linear dynamic range of five orders of magnitude (2,3). This increased dynamic range makes it less likely that screens will be saturated. This is important for PET radioligands in which, owing to the short half-life of the radionuclide, it is only possible to image once, whereas re-exposure is possible for isotopes with longer half-lives.
Central Effects of Fexofenadine and Cetirizine: Measurement of Psychomotor Performance, Subjective Sleepiness, and Brain Histamine H1‐Receptor Occupancy Using 11C‐Doxepin Positron Emission Tomography (2004)

Histamine H1-receptor (H1R) antagonists, or antihistamines, often induce sedative side effects when used for the treatment of allergic disorders. This study compared the sedative profiles of the second-generation antihistamines, fexofenadine and cetirizine, using 3 different criteria: subjective sleepiness evaluated by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, objective psychomotor tests (simple and choice reaction time tests and visual discrimination tests at 4 different exposure durations), and measurement of histamine H1-receptor occupancy (H1RO) in the brain. Subjective sleepiness and psychomotor performance were measured in 20 healthy Japanese volunteers at baseline and 90 min after administration of fexofenadine 120 mg or cetirizine 20 mg in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Hydroxyzine 30 mg was included as a positive control. H1RO was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with (11)C-doxepin in 12 of the 20 subjects, and a further 11 volunteers were recruited to act as controls. In psychomotor tests, fexofenadine was not significantly different from placebo and significantly less impairing than cetirizine on some tasks, as well as significantly less impairing than hydroxyzine on all tasks. For subjective sleepiness, fexofenadine was not significantly different from placebo, whereas cetirizine showed a trend toward increased sleepiness compared with fexofenadine and placebo. H1RO was negligible with fexofenadine (-0.1%) but moderately high with cetirizine (26.0%). In conclusion, fexofenadine 120 mg is distinguishable from cetirizine 20 mg, as assessed by H1RO and psychomotor testing.
Visibly Emissive and Responsive Extended 6-Aza-Uridines (2014)

A family of extended 5-modified-6-aza-uridines was obtained via Suzuki coupling reactions with a common brominated precursor. Extending the conjugated-6-aza-uridines with substituted aryl rings increases the push-pull interactions yielding enhanced bathochromic shifts and solvatochromism compared to the parent nucleosides. For example, the methoxy substituted derivative 1d displays λmax abs around 375 nm, with visible emission maxima at 486 nm (Φ = 0.74) and 525 nm (Φ = 0.02) in dioxane and water, respectively.
Stable Activated Furan and Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Polymer Conjugates as Chemical and Thermal Sensors (2019)

The development and application of novel activated furan copolymers is reported. The platform provides a colorimetric method for sensing amines in aqueous media through the generation of a highly colored donor–acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA). Furthermore, the resulting DASA–polymer conjugates, which are obtained after amine sensing, are characterized to determine fundamental structure–property relationships for this emerging class of negative photochromic species.
Application of an Algorithm for Staging Small-cell Lung Cancer Can Save One Third of the Initial Evaluation Costs (1993)

An algorithm consisting of a set of sequential staging procedures can accurately stage disease in patients with small-cell lung cancer and save more than one third of the costs of an inclusive standard set of staging procedures.
High-Temperature Operational Characteristics of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Samarium Cobalt Magnets (2021)

This study describes characteristics of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using samarium cobalt (SmCo) magnets, operated at high ambient temperature up to 200℃. Although the SmCo magnet is not as strong as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets, it has less thermal demagnetization, and hence can operate at a wider temperature range and have better thermal stability than the NdFeB magnet. Two IPMSM prototypes using SmCo (LM-34SH) and NdFeB (N40-UH) magnets were built and tested at ambient temperatures up to 200℃. The test results demonstrated that the prototype IPMSM with SmCo magnets produced higher torque at more than 100℃ and had a wider high-efficiency range at 200℃ than that with NdFeB magnets, and hence it was experimentally verified that the IPMSM with SmCo has thermal motor performance superiority.
Genetic risk perception and reproductive decision making among people with epilepsy (2010)

We investigated estimated offspring risk among people with epilepsy and factors important in the family-planning process. Data were collected for 88 participants using a questionnaire assessing perceived risk of offspring to develop epilepsy, importance of factors in the reproductive decision-making process, decision to have fewer children, and association between risk perception and family planning decisions. Thirty-four percent of participants had fewer children because of their epilepsy. Concerns about the ability to care for a child (p < 0.0001) and passing epilepsy onto a child (p = 0.003) were associated with the decision to have fewer children. The mean estimated risk of offspring to develop epilepsy was 26%, a 4-fold increase over estimated population risks. Genetic counseling may be beneficial for people with epilepsy, given the considerable overestimation of offspring risk.
Application of the New City-Suburban Heavy Vehicle Route (CSHVR) to Truck Emissions Characterization (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Speed-time and video data were logged for tractor-trailers performing local deliveries in Akron, OH. and Richmond, VA. in order to develop an emissions test schedule that represented real truck use. The data bank developed using these logging techniques was used to create a Yard cycle, a Freeway cycle and a City-Suburban cycle by the concatenation of microtrips. The City-Suburban driving cycle was converted to a driving route, in which the truck under test would perform at maximum acceleration during certain portions of the test schedule. This new route was used to characterize the emissions of a 1982 Ford tractor with a Cummins 14 liter, 350 hp engine and a 1998 International tractor with a Cummins 14 liter, 435 hp engine. Emissions levels were found to be repeatable with one driver and the driver-to-driver variation of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; was under 4%, although the driver-to-driver variations of CO and PM were higher. Emissions levels of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; for the Ford tractor at a test weight of 46,400 lb. using the CSHVR were comparable with values obtained using the WVU 5 mile route and the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule for Heavy Duty Vehicles (“Test D”). The PM emissions were slightly higher for the CSHVR than the 5 mile route and Test D. The effect of test weight on emissions, in units of mass/distance, was assessed using the International tractor with the CSHVR at 26,000, 36,000 and 46,400 lb. test weights. Variation of all regulated exhaust emissions was small between test weights, although the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; level reflected the additional energy used at higher weights. The small variation in regulated emissions may be attributed to the fact that in all three cases, the route called for full power operation of the vehicle, and that any PM puff associated with gear shifting would be similar. It is concluded that the CSHVR represents a useful and realistic test schedule for truck emissions characterization.&lt;/div&gt;
PHOTOOXIDATION OF LANTHANIDE ION‐LYSOZYME COMPLEXES. A NEW APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF INTRAMOLECULAR DISTANCES IN PROTEINS (1974)

Abstract— Rare‐earth metal ions give 1:1 complexes with hen's egg‐white lysozyme. Spectroscopic and enzymic activity measurements suggest that the binding site consists of the side chains of glutamic‐35 and aspartic‐52. The spatial conformation of these complexes is practically identical to that of native lysozyme, especially as concerns the environment of the tryptophyl side chains. Irradiation of La 3+ ‐lysozyme by visible light, in the presence of proflavine as photosensitizer, causes the oxidative modification of all the tryptophyl and methionyl residues at almost the same rate as in uncomplexed protein. On the other hand, when lanthanide ions with nonvanishing magnetic moments were coordinated with lysozyme, at least some tryptophans and methionines were protected from photooxidative attack. The distance of the protected residues from the coordination site increased with increasing magnetic moment of the bound metal ion, which suggests that inhibition of the photoprocess was mainly due to perturbation of the lifetime of the electronically excited intermediate species. On the basis of the atomic coordinates of lysozyme in the crystal state, it is thus possible to define a “quenching radius” for the various lanthanide ions; these radii could in turn be used to evaluate intramolecular distances in proteins of unknown tertiary structure, by identifying the amino acid residues that are protected or photooxidized upon irradiation of complexes between the given protein and several different lanthanide ions. Our studieson lysozyme allow us to define five radii of protection, ranging from 6·7 Å for Sm 3+ to over 17 Å for Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ and Tb 3+ . Therefore, this technique opens the possibility of mapping appreciably large regions of a protein molecule.
A nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 for rapid neutralization testing and screening of anti-infective drugs for COVID-19 (2020)

A high-throughput platform would greatly facilitate COVID-19 serological testing and antiviral screening. Here we report a nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-Nluc) that is genetically stable and replicates similarly to the wild-type virus in cell culture. We demonstrate that the optimized reporter virus assay in Vero E6 cells can be used to measure neutralizing antibody activity in patient sera and produces results in concordance with a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Compared with the low-throughput PRNT (3 days), the SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay has substantially shorter turnaround time (5 hours) with a high-throughput testing capacity. Thus, the assay can be readily deployed for large-scale vaccine evaluation and neutralizing antibody testing in humans. Additionally, we developed a high-throughput antiviral assay using SARS-CoV-2-Nluc infection of A549 cells expressing human ACE2 receptor (A549-hACE2). When tested against this reporter virus, remdesivir exhibited substantially more potent activity in A549-hACE2 cells compared to Vero E6 cells (EC <sub>50</sub> 0.115 vs 1.28 μM), while this difference was not observed for chloroquine (EC <sub>50</sub> 1.32 vs 3.52 μM), underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate cells for antiviral testing. Using the optimized SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay, we evaluated a collection of approved and investigational antivirals and other anti-infective drugs. Nelfinavir, rupintrivir, and cobicistat were identified as the most selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2-Nluc (EC <sub>50</sub> 0.77 to 2.74 μM). In contrast, most of the clinically approved antivirals, including tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and velpatasvir were inactive at concentrations up to 10 μM. Collectively, this high-throughput platform represents a reliable tool for rapid neutralization testing and antiviral screening for SARS-CoV-2.
Monitoring of Glucose and Lactate Using Microdialysis: Applications in Neonates and Rat Brain (1993)

Methods for the continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and lactate were applied in man for studies of peripheral metabolism and, in rats, for cerebral examinations. Lactate ('lactography') and glucose were continuously measured by the enzyme formation of NADH or NADPH using appropriate dehydrogenases. Glucose was monitored with a transcutaneous probe in neonates or with probes placed directly in the brain of conscious rats. In neonates a high correlation was seen between the dialysate and blood levels. A correlation between the age of the neonates and glucose levels in the dialysate was found, suggesting that the thickness of the skin determined to a large extent the diffusion of glucose into the probe. In the rat brain transient changes in the extracellular glucose levels were seen during electroconvulsive shock and immobilization stress. Lactography was applied to striatum or hippocampus during stress, electroconvulsive shock or systemic and intracerebral drug applications. Extracellular lactate decreased during intracerebral deoxyglucose infusion and was increased by excitatory neuronal activity and the presence of glucose in the perfusion medium. The present studies show that microdialysis in combination with continuous flow analysis can be used to study metabolic trafficking in vivo and in clinical studies. In the brain both neurons and glia may contribute to extracellular lactate levels.
Energy-Efficient Scheduling and Power Allocation in Downlink OFDMA Networks with Base Station Coordination (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of energy-efficient resource allocation in the downlink of a cellular OFDMA system. Three definitions of the energy efficiency are considered for system design, accounting for both the radiated and the circuit power. User scheduling and power allocation are optimized across a cluster of coordinated base stations with a constraint on the maximum transmit power (either per subcarrier or per base station). The asymptotic noise-limited regime is discussed as a special case. %The performance of both an isolated and a non-isolated cluster of coordinated base stations is examined in the numerical experiments. Results show that the maximization of the energy efficiency is approximately equivalent to the maximization of the spectral efficiency for small values of the maximum transmit power, while there is a wide range of values of the maximum transmit power for which a moderate reduction of the data rate provides a large saving in terms of dissipated energy. Also, the performance gap among the considered resource allocation strategies reduces as the out-of-cluster interference increases.
Histoplasma capsulatumpreferentially induces IDO in the lung (2012)

Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) plays an important role in immunoregulation as it is involved in downregulating immune responses to infections. We sought to characterize IDO activity in histoplasmosis and to do so, C57Bl6 mice were infected intranasally with Histoplasma capsulatum. After infection, lung and spleen IDO activity was assessed by HPLC and IDO expression by qRT-PCR. The distribution of IDO was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Cytokine levels were measured in lung and spleen homogenates using cytokine bead array. Fungal burden was quantified by culture. Subcutaneous pellets containing methyltryptophane (1-MT) were employed to inhibit IDO in vivo. Histoplasma infection strongly induced functional lung IDO, with activity at its highest at weeks 1 and 2 and then decreased thereafter as the mice cleared the infection. Lung IDO activity positively correlated with the fungal burden (Rho = 0.845), interferon-γ (Rho = 0.839) and tumor necrosis factor-α (Rho = 0.791) levels, P < 0.001. In contrast, spleen IDO activity was not induced despite high infection burden and cytokine levels. IDO expressing cells were predominately located at the ring edge of Histoplasma-induced granulomas. IDO inhibition prior to infection reduced fungal burdens and inflammation in lungs and spleen. Histoplasma preferentially induces lung IDO, as early as one week after infection. IDO appears to modulate the immune response to Histoplasma infection.
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of TXA2 Receptor Antagonists. 4-(2-(4-Substituted Phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)phenoxyacetic Acids and Related Compounds. (1995)

We have recently reported that 4-[2-(4-substituted phenylsulfonylamino) ethylthio]phenoxyacetic acids and related compounds showed potent thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist activity. To understand how substituents affect the biological activity, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) was analyzed by using the Hansch-Fujita method for 36 compounds, including newly synthesized compounds. The positive coefficient for pi R and FR in the results of the QSAR study suggested that a hydrophobic an sigma electron-withdrawing substituent R at the para-position of the phenylsulfonyl moiety is required to improve the activity. Further, a substituent R which is long and moderately wide, was suggested to be preferable for the activity. The positive coefficients for pi X,Y,W-COOH and sigma Q(1)-(6) may indicate that the introduction of a hydrophobic and electron-withdrawing group on the benzene ring of the phenoxy acetic acid moiety enhances the activity. The length of the W-COOH moiety may also be important. On the other hand, the effect of the presence of methylene (n = 1) was not clear.
Staphylococcal Infections: Mechanisms of Biofilm Maturation and Detachment as Critical Determinants of Pathogenicity (2012)

Biofilm-associated infections are a significant cause of morbidity and death. Staphylococci, above all Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, are the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections on indwelling medical devices. Although the mechanistic basis for the agglomeration of staphylococcal cells in biofilms has been investigated in great detail, we lack understanding of the forces and molecular determinants behind the structuring of biofilms and the detachment of cellular clusters from biofilms. These processes are of key importance for the formation of vital biofilms in vivo with the capacity of bacterial dissemination to secondary sites of infection. Recent studies showed that the phenol-soluble modulins, surfactant peptides secreted by staphylococci in a quorum-sensing controlled fashion, structure biofilms in vitro and in vivo and lead to biofilm detachment with the in vivo consequence of bacterial dissemination. These findings substantiate that quorum sensing and surfactants have widespread importance for biofilm maturation processes in bacteria and establish a novel theory of the molecular determinants driving dissemination of biofilm-associated infection.