gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human placental cells transformed by tsA mutants of simian virus 40: a model system for the study of placental functions. (1978)

Human placental cells were transformed with wild-type simian virus 40 (SV40) and temperature-sensitive SV40 mutants of the A and B classes. Four criteria for transformation were used: decreased generation time, increased saturation density, increased efficiency of growth on plastic, and ability to overgrow a nontransformed monolayer. Cell lines transformed by tsA mutants lost the transformed phenotype at the restrictive temperature (40 degrees); therefore, the A function of SV40 is required for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype activity, an inhibition of human chorionic gonadotropin synthesis, and an increase in thymidine kinase activity were seen when human placental cells transformed by wild-type or tsB mutants of SV40 were grown at 33 degrees or 40 degrees and when tsA transformants were grown at 33 degrees. When tsA transformants were grown at 40 degrees, alkaline phosphatase activity and human chorionic gonadotropin synthesis were greatly stimulated and thymidine kinase activity was greatly reduced, approximating their levels in the placenta.
Development of Improved Metal-Supported Catalyst (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A compact, high-performance and durable metal-supported catalyst has been developed by using the properties of the metal support effectively. The advantages of the metal-surpported catalyst against the ceramic-supported one are higher geometrical surface area, higher heat conductivity and thinner wall thickness. Higher geometlical surface area and higher heat conductivity lead to higher conversion efficiency after durability test and it allows reduction in catalyst volume. And the thinner wall thickness lowers gas flow resistance. But also, the metal-supported catalyst has the disadvantage of larger heat expansion and it requires special structure and material.&lt;/div&gt;
The COST model for calculation of forest operations costs (2014)

Since the late nineteenth century when high-cost equipment was introduced into forestry there has been a need to calculate the cost of this equipment in more detail with respect to, for example, cost of ownership, cost per hour of production, and cost per production unit. Machine cost calculations have been made using various standard economic methods, where costs have been subdivided into capital costs and operational costs. Because of differences between methods and between national regulations, mainly regarding tax rules and subsidies, international comparisons of machine costs are difficult. To address this, one of the goals of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action FP0902 was to establish a simple format for transparent cost calculations for machines in the forest biomass procurement chain. A working group constructed a Microsoft Excel–based spreadsheet model which is easy to understand and use. Input parameters are easy to obtain or possible to estimate by provided rules of thumb. The model gives users a simultaneous view of the input parameters and the resulting cost outputs. This technical note presents the model, explains how the calculations are made, and provides future users with a guide on how to use the model. Prospective users can view the model in the Supplementary Material linked to this article online.
Antioxidant defense responses to sleep loss and sleep recovery (2004)

Sleep deprivation in humans is widely believed to impair health, and sleep is thought to have powerful restorative properties. The specific physical and biochemical factors and processes mediating these outcomes, however, are poorly elucidated. Sleep deprivation in the animal model produces a condition that eventually becomes highly lethal, lacks specific localization, and is reversible with sleep, implying mediation by a biochemical abnormality. Metabolic and immunological consequences of sleep deprivation point to a high potential for antioxidant imbalance. The objective, therefore, was to study glutathione content in the liver, heart, and lung, because glutathione is considered a major free radical scavenger that reflects the degree to which a tissue has been oxidatively challenged. We also investigated major enzymatic antioxidants, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as indexes of glutathione recycling. Catalase activity and glutathione content, which normally are tightly regulated, were both decreased in liver by 23-36% by 5 and 10 days of sleep deprivation. Such levels are associated with impaired health in other animal models of oxidative stress-associated disease. The decreases were accompanied by markers of generalized cell injury and absence of responses by the other enzymatic antioxidants under study. Enzymatic activities in the heart indicated an increased rate of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity during sleep deprivation. Recovery sleep normalized antioxidant content in liver and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities in both the liver and the heart. The present results link uncompensated oxidative stress to health effects induced by sleep deprivation and provide evidence that restoration of antioxidant balance is a property of recovery sleep.
Hopping direction controllability for small body exploration robot (2004)

Hopping is effective mobility for exploration robot on small body. To explore small bodies, a mobile robot is required to move to target points. In case of exploration of microgravity environment by a hopping locomotion, hopping trajectories cannot be controlled after a robot hops. To move to target points, hopping direction and velocity should be controlled at takeoff. The authors proposed a, hopping robot, which consists of three masses, two linear actuators and a spring. This paper discusses how to control a hopping direction of the proposed robot in microgravity environment. When the robot hops, the friction force between the robot and the ground becomes larger. The simulation results show the controllability of a hopping direction even if there is a slip on a ground. The controllability is also confirmed by the free fall experiments.
Ranking and empirical minimization of U-statistics (2006)

The problem of ranking/ordering instances, instead of simply classifying them, has recently gained much attention in machine learning. In this paper we formulate the ranking problem in a rigorous statistical framework. The goal is to learn a ranking rule for deciding, among two instances, which one is "better," with minimum ranking risk. Since the natural estimates of the risk are of the form of a U-statistic, results of the theory of U-processes are required for investigating the consistency of empirical risk minimizers. We establish in particular a tail inequality for degenerate U-processes, and apply it for showing that fast rates of convergence may be achieved under specific noise assumptions, just like in classification. Convex risk minimization methods are also studied.
Accrual of Black participants to cancer clinical trials following a five-year prospective initiative of community outreach and engagement. (2021)

100 Background: Accrual of Black participants to cancer clinical trials remains a major challenge across the country. Here, we report the outcomes of a five-year initiative of community outreach and engagement to improve enrollment of adult Black participants to clinical trials at the Abramson Cancer Center (ACC) at the University of Pennsylvania. Methods: Primary metrics were the percentage of Black patients among all cancer cases in our catchment area, the percentage of adult Black patients cared for at the ACC, and the percentage of adult Black participants enrolled on the three types of NCI-defined clinical trials. Results: In 2014, at baseline, Black residents comprised 19% of the population and 16.5% of cancer cases in our catchment area surrounding Philadelphia, but only 11.1% of ACC patients were Black. The percentages of Black participants accrued onto treatment, non-therapeutic interventional, and non-interventional trials were 12.2%, 8.3%, and 13.0%, respectively. We then established a center-wide program with community guidance to address these gaps. Key elements of the program included: 1) culturally tailored marketing strategies for cancer clinical trials; 2) plans for each protocol to facilitate Black participant enrollment; 3) new partnerships with faith-based organizations serving Black communities to conduct educational events about clinical trials; 4) pilot programs with Lyft and Ride Health to address transportation barriers; 5) patient education by nurse navigators regarding cancer and clinical trials; and 6) an improved informed consent process. These efforts reached more than 10,000 individuals in venues including churches, neighborhoods, community parks and centers, and health centers with formats ranging from educational forums to wellness fairs. Reassessing metrics in 2018, we found that the percentage of Black patients seen at ACC had increased to 16.2%, matching the percentage of Black cancer patients among all cancer cases in our catchment area (16.5%). Total cancer clinical trial accrual had increased from 9,308 participants in 2014 to 13,170 in 2018 (41.5% increase). The percentages of Black participants accrued onto treatment, non-therapeutic interventional, and non-interventional trials were 23.9%, 33.1%, and 22.5%, respectively – a 1.7- to 4.0-fold increase in five years and higher than the percentage of Black patients seen at the ACC. Conclusions: Our multifaceted, community-based engagement initiative to encourage clinical trial enrollment was associated with improved accrual of Black participants to cancer clinical trials. These findings also suggest that gaps in access to cancer centers are a key factor driving access to clinical trials. Medicaid expansion occurred concurrently in all states in our catchment area and its impact on accrual merits further research.
Privacy as a Common Good in the Digital World (2002)

This article seeks to broaden our understanding of online privacy in three ways: first, by drawing out the differences between the physical world and the digital world as those differences affect privacy; second, by exploring how the concept of the 'commons' might help us to understand social and economic relationships in cyberspace; and third, by analysing two contrasting views of privacy: privacy as a private or individual good and privacy as a common good. In order to analyse similarities and differences in privacy in the physical world and the online world, each is assessed in three ways: the obvious level of privacy available; the possibility of modifying that level of privacy to create or choose more or less privacy for oneself; and the degree to which the, prior or contemporaneous, privacy decisions of others affect the amount of privacy that is available to all. Applying an analysis based on the 'tragedy of the commons', the article concludes that at least part of cyberspace can be conceived as a 'commons' and that personal information flows could be considered a 'common pool resource' within that commons. Based on the likely calculations that individuals and organizations will make about collection and uses of personal information, the article next evaluates what would be the most effective policy approach to ensure that the common pool resource of personal information is not overused and degraded. The article concludes that a policy approach of providing individuals with a private means, either through property rights or some means of redressing their grievances, is unlikely to provide an effective means of protecting the common pool resource of personal information. A policy approach that acknowledges the common good basis of privacy and views personal information as a common pool resource provides an alternative view of the policy problems and offers suggestions in terms of rules and institutions that may be effective in addressing those problems.
Docker-based Network Functions Virtualization as a Learning Tool in Computer Network Course (2019)

Recently, a network device virtualization concept called Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has been developed and utilized in industries. Several companies, especially the telecommunications sector, have played a role in developing and implementing various software options. Virtualization on NFV can be done using Docker Software, which continues to experience updates. Therefore, this article offers the implementation of NFV to the present alternative learning tool for computer network courses. Over the conducted experiments, the intended implementation is able to fulfill the practical requirement of the Computer Network course. Moreover, the experimental results show that shows that the performance parameters are increasing along with the increment of the number of users in a reasonable manner.
Style and mechanics of liquefaction-related deformation, lower Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup (Eocene), Wyoming (1990)

Stratigraphically equivalent sections within the Aycross and lower Wapiti Formations (middle Eocene) in the east-central Absaroka Range of northwest Wyoming locally are intensely deformed in a wide variety of structural styles. Deformation zones are primarily restricted to a well-defined, largely volcaniclastic interval within these two units of the lower Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup (AVS). Unlike the Mesozoic and Paleozoic formations that constitute the major displaced masses of the Heart Mountain, Reef Creek, and South Fork detachment faults in the northern Absaroka Range, the pre-volcanic strata (lower Eocene and older units) in the east-central Absaroka Range appear to have acted as basement...
Novel binuclear chiral zirconium catalysts used in enantioselective strecker reactions (2000)

A novel binuclear chiral zirconium catalyst was successfully used in enantioselective Strecker reactions. The catalyst was readily prepared from zirconium t-butoxide (Zr(OtBu)4), (R)-6,6′-dibromo-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol ((R)-6-Br-BINOL), and (R)-3,3′-dibromo-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol ((R)-3-Br-BINOL) to form unique binuclear structure. It was revealed that a combination of (R)-6-Br-BINOL and (R)-3-Br-BINOL was essential in these asymmetric reactions and that much lower selectivities were obtained by using other combinations. Two-component (an imine and hydrogen cyanide (HCN)) and three-component (an aldehyde, an amine, and HCN) Strecker reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of the chiral zirconium catalyst to afford the corresponding α-amino nitrile derivatives in high yields with high enantioselectivities. Chirality 12:540–543, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A fuzzy ontology modeling for case base knowledge in diabetes mellitus domain (2017)

Knowledge-Intensive Case-Based Reasoning Systems (KI-CBR) mainly depend on ontologies. Ontology can play the role of case-base knowledge. The combination of ontology and fuzzy logic reasoning is critical in the medical domain. Case-base representation based on fuzzy ontology is expected to enhance the semantic and storage of CBR knowledge-base. This paper provides an advancement to the research of diabetes diagnosis CBR by proposing a novel case-base fuzzy OWL2 ontology (CBRDiabOnto). This ontology can be considered as the first fuzzy case-base ontology in the medical domain. It is based on a case-base fuzzy Extended Entity Relation (EER) data model. It contains 63 (fuzzy) classes, 54 (fuzzy) object properties, 138 (fuzzy) datatype properties, and 105 fuzzy datatypes. We populated the ontology with 60 cases and used SPARQL-DL for its query. The evaluation of CBRDiabOnto shows that it is accurate, consistent, and cover terminologies and logic of diabetes mellitus diagnosis.
Artificial compound eye applying hyperacuity (2006)

Inspired by the natural phenomenon of hyperacuity, redundant sampling in combination with the knowledge about the impulse response of the imaging system is used to extract highly accurate information using a low resolving artificial apposition compound eye. Thus the implementation of a precise position detection for simple objects like point sources and edges is described.
Adaptability and stability of sweet sorghum cultivars (2013)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic stability and adaptability of 25 sweet sorghum cultivars of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum. The experiments were conducted in five Brazilian environments, three in the state of Minas Gerais, and the others in Sinop, Mato Grosso and Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Fresh biomass yield (FBY), and total soluble solids (TSS) of the juice were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant genotype by environment interaction for both traits. According to the Annicchiarico methodology analysis, genotypes CMSXS634, BRS506, and CMSXS646 were the most stable and adapted for FBY and TSS concomitantly; CMSXS634 being more adapted to favorable environments and CMSXS646 being more adapted to unfavorable environments.
Practical Applications of Opposed-Piston Engine Technology to Reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Opposed-piston (OP) engines have attracted the interest of the automotive industry in recent years because of their potential for significantly improved fuel economy. Opposed-piston, two-stroke (OP2S) engine technology amplifies this fuel efficiency advantage and offers lower cost and weight due to fewer parts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;While OP engines can help automotive manufacturers comply with current, and future, efficiency standards, there is still work required to prepare the engines for production. This work is mainly related to packaging and durability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;At Achates Power, the OP2S technology is being developed for various applications such as commercial vehicles (heavy-and medium-duty), SUVs, pick-up trucks and passenger cars (i.e. light-duty), military vehicles, large ships and stationary power (generator sets).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Included in this paper is a review of the previously published OP engine efficiency advantages (thermodynamics, combustion and air system) as well as the architecture's historical challenges. Also included is: &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An overview of the packaging-related challenges of OP2S engines using opportunities with the dual-crank, Junkers Jumo-style design with power take-out options, vertical engine installation and bore-to-bore distance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Different design parameters of the OP2S engine and their optimization for various applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Details of OP2S engines for various applications, including packaging concepts and performance and emissions results.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These results suggest that the technology is ready to produce an economically and environmentally sustainable OP powertrain-one that is clean, fuel efficient and can fit into existing vehicles, be manufactured in today's engine plants, and run on a variety of fuels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
RESIDUA UPGRADING EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT MODELS: WRI COKING INDEXES (2003)

Pyrolysis experiments were conducted with three residua at 400 C (752 F) at various residence times. The wt % coke and gaseous products were measured for the product oils. The Western Research Institute (WRI) Coking Indexes were determined for the product oils. Measurements were made using techniques that might correlate with the Coking Indexes. These included spin-echo proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, heat capacity measurements at 280 C (536 F), and ultrasonic attenuation. The two immiscible liquid phases that form once coke formation begins were isolated and characterized for a Boscan residuum pyrolyzed at 400 C (752 F) for 55 minutes. These materials were analyzed for elemental composition (CHNS), porphyrins, and metals (Ni,V) content.
The influence of the polarizability effect on the activation parameters of reactions of organometallic compounds (2015)

The literature data on the substituent influence on the energy, enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of activation for 21 series of organometallic compounds reactions have been analyzed. The activation parameters were first established to depend not only on the classic inductive, resonance, and steric effects but also on the polarizability effect of the substituents (the ion-dipole interaction in the transition state). In certain cases, the polarizability effect has the dominant influence on the considered parameters.
Ring opening in the hydroboration of vinylcyclopropane systems. Cyclopropylcarbinyl-allylcarbinylborane rearrangement (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing opening in the hydroboration of vinylcyclopropane systems. Cyclopropylcarbinyl-allylcarbinylborane rearrangementEli Breuer, Evelyn Segall, Yona Stein, and Shalom SarelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 14, 2242–2245Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00979a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00979a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts