gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Gray Matter Reductions in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2010)

Within systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients can be divided into groups with and without central nervous system involvement, the latter being subcategorized as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). While a number of research groups have investigated NPSLE, there remains a lack of consistent application of this diagnostic criteria within neuroimaging studies. Previous neuroimaging research suggests that SLE patients have reduced subcortical and regional gray matter volumes when compared to controls, and that these group differences may be driven by SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The current study sought to compare measures of cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume between NPSLE, SLE, and healthy controls. We hypothesized that patients with NPSLE (N = 21) would have thinner cortex and reduced subcortical gray matter volumes when compared to SLE (N = 16) and control subjects (N = 21). All subjects underwent MRI examinations on a 1.5 Tesla Siemens Sonata scanner. Anatomical reconstruction and segmentation were performed using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Cortical and subcortical volumes were extracted from FreeSurfer and analyzed for group differences, controlling for age. The NPSLE group exhibited decreased cortical thickness in clusters of the left frontal and parietal lobes as well as in the right parietal and occipital lobes compared to control subjects. Compared to the SLE group, the NPSLE group exhibited comparable thinning in clusters of the frontal and temporal lobes. Controlling for age, we found that between group effects for subcortical gray matter structures were significant for the thalamus (F = 3.06, p = .04), caudate nucleus (F = 3.19, p = .03), and putamen (F = 4.82, p = .005). These results clarify previous imaging work identifying cortical atrophy in a mixed SLE and NPSLE group, and suggest that neuroanatomical abnormalities are specific to SLE patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Future work should help elucidate the underlying mechanisms underlying the emerging neurobiological profile seen in NPSLE, as well as clarify the apparent lack of overlap between cortical thinning and functional activation results and other findings pointing to increased functional activation during cognitive tasks.
FILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES (2000)

The spectrum of filtration separations runs from the millimeter scale (beach sand and activated carbon particles) using coarse filters, to the angstrom scale (metal ions and gas molecules) using reverse osmosis or gas separation membranes. Between there are microfiltration (bacteria and emulsions), ultrafiltration (proteins, viruses, and colloids), and nanofiltration (sugars, herbicides, small organic molecules). In the analytical environment it is likely that membrane and filtration systems involving this entire spectrum will be used to provide high purity water, gases, reagents, and even special functions within instruments. In addition to these applications, membranes and filters will often also be used in sample preparation and perhaps initial characterization. In this entry, we will discuss the principles, materials, and devices used to accomplish coarse, micro- and ultrafiltration on the laboratory scale.
Freezing Weakens the Barrier Function of Reconstructed Human Epidermis as Evidenced by Raman Spectroscopy and Percutaneous Permeation (2020)

The development and characterization of reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) is an active area of R&D. RHE can replace animal tissues in pharmaceutical, toxicological and cosmetic sciences, yielding scientific and ethical advantages. RHEs remain costly, however, due to consumables and time required for their culture and a short shelf-life. Storing, i.e., freezing RHE could help reduce costs but to date, little is known on the effects of freezing on the barrier function of RHE. We studied such effects using commercial EpiSkin™ RHE stored at -20, -80 and -150 °C for 1 and 10 weeks. We acquired intrinsic Raman spectra in the stratum corneum (SC) of the RHEs as well as spectra obtained following topical application of resorcinol in an aqueous solution. In parallel, we quantified the effects of freezing on the permeation kinetics of resorcinol from time-dependent permeation experiments. Principal component analyses discriminated the intrinsic SC spectra and the spectra of resorcinol-containing RHEs, in each case on the basis of the freezing conditions. Permeation of resorcinol through the frozen RHE increased 3- to 6-fold compared to fresh RHE, with the strongest effect obtained from freezing at -20 °C for 10 weeks. Due to the extensive optimization and standardization of EpiSkin™ RHE, the effects observed in our work may be expected to be more pronounced with other RHEs.
Effect of age on humoral immunity, selection of the B‐cell repertoire and B‐cell development (1997)

The age-associated changes in humoral immunity affect the quality more than the quantity of the antibody response. Changes in the quality of the antibody response with age include shifts in antibody specificities from foreign to autoantigens, in antibody isotypes from IgG to IgM, in antibody affinities from high to low and in the antibody idiotypic repertoire. These changes can be traced to an impaired capacity of T cells to facilitate: (a) the maturation of B cells with respect to isotype and affinity maturation in the periphery and (b) the development of a diverse B-cell repertoire from precursors within the bone marrow. In contrast, there is no evidence that the amount of immunoglobulin produced before or after immunization diminishes with age. Nonetheless, the impaired responses of the elderly to most vaccines and the greater susceptibility of the elderly to infections has fostered a view that immune senescence leads to a state of immune deficiency. However, it is more precise to describe immune senescence as leading to a state of immune dysregulation. The dysregulation of the humoral immunity is manifested by a shift from adaptive humoral immunity, characterized by the production of a highly specific, high-affinity, IgG antibody response to foreign antigens, to a process of natural antibody-mediated immunity, dominated by low-affinity, polyreactive, IgM antibodies which react with autoantigens. Age-associated T-cell impairments appear to be the basis for the shift from adaptive to natural humoral immunity and their reversal should permit the restoration of an adaptive antibody response in the elderly.
Isolation of Antifungal Principle Tryptanthrin, from Strobilanthes Cusia O. Kuntze (1979)

From the leaves of Strobilanthes cusia, a folk remedy for athlete's foot in Okinawa, tryptanthrin was isolated as a strong antifungal substance against dermatophytes.
Surfactant-Induced Mesomorphic Structures in Poly(1-vinylimidazole)−Alkanoic Acid Complexes (2002)

Mesomorphic structures of supramolecular systems based on poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI) and alkanoic acids with chain lengths (n) of 10−18 carbon atoms have been studied. FTIR studies show the existence of hydrogen-bonding interaction and a low level of ionic interaction. POM measurements show that all the complexes are mesomorphic, and the isotropization temperature increases with increasing chain length of the acid. In addition, the isotropization temperature increases with decreasing acid content in the complex. DSC studies show that, besides isotropization transition, two melting transitions exist in complexes containing alkanoic acids with chain lengths n ≥ 12. On the basis of XRD studies at room temperature and elevated temperatures, the complexes are grouped into two types: melted lamellar liquid crystal phase with interdigitating layer structure; crystallized lamellar phase with partial interdigitating layer structure. For PVI(PA)x and PVI(MA)1.0 (MA: myristic acid, n = 14) complexes, these two types of structures are interconvertible upon heating/cooling with a change in layer thickness of about 10 Å. As shown by the present studies, the transition temperature and the thickness of layer can be tailored by varying the acid type and by changing the acid content in the complex.
Hepatic microvascular regulatory mechanisms. VII. Effects of endoportally-infused endotoxin on microcirculation and mast cells in rats. (1986)

Changes in hepatic microvasculature and systemic arterial blood pressure were measured for 1 hr in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving an endoportal injection of 15 mg/kg b.w. Boivin-extracted E. coli endotoxin (026:B6) or sterile saline solution as a control. Image shearing and videodensimetric methods were used to quantify internal diameters (D) and cellular velocities (V) and to calculate relative rates of volumetric blood flow (Q) at the inlet of periportal and the outlet of centrilobular sinusoids. Determination of the number of Falck-Hillarp-positive mast cells was made in 8 microns sections of liver at the light microscopic level. Endotoxin produced a mild hypotensive response by 20 min after which time rats remained normotensive. In vivo microscopy of transilluminated livers revealed adherence of platelets and mononuclear leukocytes to the microvascular wall between 15 to 30 min post-endotoxin infusion and constriction at 50 and 60 min of centrilobular sinusoids but not that of the other microvascular segments. A significant increase in cellular velocity was observed within 5 min at the inlet of periportal sinusoids. This response was accompanied by constriction at both the inlet and outlet of periportal and centrilobular sinusoids, respectively. After 1 hr, endotoxin- treated livers demonstrated a 26% decrease in the number of fluorescent serotonin-containing mast cells. However, no change in hepatic lobular perfusion or in volumetric flow rate was observed during this period. Given these results, it is postulated that volumetric flow rate within hepatic lobules is maintained during the first hr after endotoxin infusion by modulation of microvascular internal diameters in response to changes in cellular blood flow velocity, and mast cell mediators such as serotonin trigger hepatic microvascular autoregulation following the administration of endotoxin.
The Poisson bracket for q-deformed systems (1992)

It is shown that the quantum system of q-deformed oscillators with the Uq(n) group symmetry can be obtained by the canonical quantization of a classical system with a modified Poisson bracket. The modification of the Poisson bracket is connected with a non-canonical transformation of phase space variables. In this approach, the deformation parameter turns out to be a function of the Planck constant and some dimensional parameters characterizing the classical system.
Fast bend loss attenuator using carrier injection (2005)

A compact InGaAsP / InP waveguide bend loss attenuator with electrically modulated bend loss is demonstrated. The carrier injection device exhibits better than 15 dB modulation and &lt;20 nanosecond response time.
MotivATE: A Pretreatment Web-Based Program to Improve Attendance at UK Outpatient Services Among Adults With Eating Disorders (2017)

Using intervention mapping, we have developed a novel pretreatment Web-based program that is acceptable to people with eating disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first such program. The model of development described here could be a useful template for designing further programs for other difficult-to-engage populations.
A Frequency-Selective Broadband Low-Noise Amplifier With Double-Loop Transformer Feedback (2014)

A frequency-selective, power-to-current ( P- I) broadband low-noise amplifier (FS-LNA) is presented. The use of global and/or local feedback in tandem is investigated, where monolithic transformers realize the feedback loops. Superior performance is realized when global and local feedbacks are interwound. A cascode gain stage with a current-to-current positive feedback loop to boost the power gain and a current-to-current negative feedback loop for impedance and/or noise matching is implemented in 90 nm RF-CMOS. The FS-LNA also provides at least 20 dB RF signal rejection at frequencies below the L-band (includes GPS and GSM carriers). The measured gain, noise figure and 1-dB gain compression point of the LNA from 3.5-9.25 GHz are 15±3 dB, 2.4 ±0.8 dB and -17.5 ±2.5 dBm, respectively. The chip area of the LNA is 0.7 × 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The FS-LNA consumes 9.6 mW from a 0.8 V power supply. It is most suitable for sub-1 V single-cell integrated radios and can be used for multiband/multistandard wireless technologies, such as broadband impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) and frequency modulated (FM) UWB.
Solvent exposed side chains of peptides bound to HLA A*1101 have similar effects on the reactivity of alloantibodies and specific TCR (1996)

Peptides can affect the recognition of MHC class I molecules by allospecific antibodies. Two explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon. The 'conformational change' hypothesis suggests that peptide binding affects the availability of serologic determinants in the class I alpha1 and alpha2 domains while the 'peptide-side-chain effect' predicts that solvent exposed residues in the peptide are part of the serologic epitope. We have tested these possibilities by examining the recognition of peptide loaded HLA A*1101 molecules expressed in transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient cell lines by three A11-specific mAb, and by comparing the effect of peptide analogues on the recognition of A11 complexes containing peptide epitopes from the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA4 by antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CT). The AUF5.13 and HB164 antibodies showed selective recognition of A11 molecules bound to partially overlapping sets of peptides from viral or cellular origin. The peptide dependence of AUF5.13 was confirmed in reconstitution experiments where A11 molecules were refolded at the surface of TAP-deficient T2/A11 cells that had been cultured at 26 degrees C and treated at pH3. Molecular modelling and Ala scanning mutagenesis of the IVTDFSVIK (IVT) and AVFDRKSDAK (AVF) peptides demonstrated that solvent-exposed peptide side chains affect CTL recognition as well as antibody binding. Substitution of Phe-P5 or Ser-P6 of the IVT peptide with Arg or Lys inhibited AUF5.13 recognition while binding was induced by substitution of the Arg-P5 and Lys-P6 of the AVF peptide with Ala. The results suggest that some allospecific antibodies recognized the surface of MHC class I-peptide complexes in a fashion similar to the TCR. This may involve direct interaction with the peptide side chains as well as recognition of peptide-induced perturbations in the class I complex.
Smart pixels for a two-butterfly interconnection network (1991)

Packet routing on multistage interconnection networks such as butterfly and shuffle-exchange experiences a delay of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where N is the number of processing elements, when several packets have to travel the same path. Furthermore, these interconnection networks do not provide good fault tolerance because a small number of physical paths correspond to each logical path even when additional stages are used. Expander graphs have been shown to support asymptotically optimal parallel algorithms and routing. Leighton and Maggs 1 demonstrated that random permutations applied to the conventional butterfly network tend to distribute the messages equally on the average over all links, thus significantly reducing contention. Simulations show that these two-butterfly networks have significantly lower delay and better fault tolerance (up to N 3/4 random faults). Arora et al. 2 recently gave an on-line algorithm for nonblocking routing using two back-to-back 2-butterflies. We examine the implementation requirements of the two-butterfly network and conclude that optoelectronic technology is favorable for large scale implementation.
Adult Normative Data of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Taiwan (2008)

The WCST is not sensitive enough to detect aging-related cognitive changes in the Taiwanese population, and there are different performances on WCST between Taiwanese and USA people. The adult norms for WCST in Taiwan will provide an important reference for future research and clinical practice.
JAK-STAT activation contributes to cytotoxic T cell–mediated basal cell death in human chronic lung allograft dysfunction (2023)

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of death in lung transplant recipients. CLAD is characterized clinically by a persistent decline in pulmonary function and histologically by the development of airway-centered fibrosis known as bronchiolitis obliterans. There are no approved therapies to treat CLAD, and the mechanisms underlying its development remain poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomic analysis of explanted tissues from human lung recipients with CLAD, and we performed independent validation studies to identify an important role of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling in airway epithelial cells that contributes to airway-specific alloimmune injury. Specifically, we established that activation of JAK-STAT signaling leads to upregulation of major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC-I) in airway basal cells, an important airway epithelial progenitor population, which leads to cytotoxic T cell-mediated basal cell death. This study provides mechanistic insight into the cell-to-cell interactions driving airway-centric alloimmune injury in CLAD, suggesting a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for CLAD prevention or treatment.
The role of descending basal ganglia connections to the brain stem in Parkinsonian akinesia (1998)

Akinesia is the most disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease. The neural mechanisms underlying it probably involve the descending projections of the basal ganglia to the brain stem as it improves after a pallidotomy or subthalamic nucleotomy but not after a thalamotomy. We describe the effects of lesioning the pedunculopontine nucleus in the normal primate in generating an akinetic syndrome. The possible clinical implications of this study are discussed.
Lidar and SAGE II observations of Shishaldin Volcano aerosols and lower stratospheric transport (2000)

During May 1999, data collected with two of University of L'Aquila lidar systems, Italy show an increase in the stratospheric aerosol content at altitudes between 15 and 18 km. Our initial hypothesis is that these aerosols originated from the Shishaldin (Alaska) volcanic eruption of 19 April 1999. SAGE II observations, taken between Julian day 100 and 180, at latitudes above 40°N, show several sightings that are good candidates for volcanic aerosols. A trajectory analysis shows that a few SAGE II measurements are in space and time compatible with the Shishaldin eruption, and the aerosol enhancements observed by L'Aquila lidars have been also sampled by SAGE II, later and in different locations.
Design of a high-current injector and transport optics for the ilc electron source (2007)

A train of 1.3-ns micro bunches of longitudinally polarized electrons are generated in a 140-kV DC-gun based injector in the International Linear Collider electron source; a bunching system with extremely high bunching efficiency to compress the micro-bunch down to 20 ps FWHM is designed. Complete optics to transport the electron bunch to the entrance of the 5-GeV damping ring injection line is developed. Start-to-end multi-particle tracking through the beamline is performed including the bunching system, pre-acceleration, vertical chicane, 5- GeV superconducting booster linac, spin rotators and energy compressor. With optimizations of energy compression, 94% of the electrons from the DC-gun are captured within the damping ring 6-D acceptance - A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> + A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> les 0.09 m and DeltaEtimesDeltaz les (plusmn25 MeV) times (plusmn3.46 cm) - at the entrance of the damping ring injection line.
A mobile sensing method to counteract social media website impersonation (2016)

Phishing is a serious threat to online users, especially since attackers have tremendously improved their techniques in impersonating important websites. With websites looking visually the same, users are fooled more easily. Visual similarity algorithms may help to detect and counteract some phished websites. Through similarity algorithms, the phishers play with the colors and visual properties of the website in a way that cannot be noticed by the users. However, the phishers make the unnoticed changes to fool the similarity algorithms as well. In this article, we propose an efficient phishing website detection algorithm using three-step checking. The performance results are compared to the state-of-the-art approaches that show new kinds of phishing warnings with better outcomes and less false positives. Our approach provides similar accuracy to the blacklisting methods with the advantage that it can easily classify the phishing websites with less overhead and without being victimized.
Green and Efficient Extraction of Resveratrol from Peanut Roots Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (2018)

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new group of ecofriendly solvent combined with the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique, were first successfully used for extraction of resveratrol from peanut roots. Resveratrol in the extract was analyzed and quantified using a HPLC-UV method. A series of DESs consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and 1,4-butanediol, citric acid, and ethylene glycol were formulated, finding ChCl/1,4-butanediol was a most proper extraction system. The optimal extraction parameters were obtained using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) test combined with response surface methodology as follows: 40% of water in ChCl/1,4-butanediol (1/3, g/g) at 55°C for 40 min and solid/liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL. The total extraction content and extraction yield of resveratrol from peanut roots could reach 38.91 mg/kg and 88.19%, respectively, under such optimal conditions. The present study will provide a typical example for using DESs to extract natural bioactive compounds from plants.
Thermophoresis of particles in a heated boundary layer (1980)

A laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) study of velocity profiles in the laminar boundary layer adjacent to a heated flat plate revealed that the seed particles used for the LDV measurements were driven away from the plate surface by thermophoretic forces, causing a particle-free region within the boundary layer of approximately one half the boundary-layer thickness. Measurements of the thickness of this region were compared with particle trajectories calculated according to several theories for the thermophoretic force. It was found that the theory of Brock, with an improved value for the thermal slip coefficient, gave the best agreement with experiment for low Knudsen numbers, λ/ R = O (10 −1 ), where λ is the mean free path and R the particle radius. Data obtained by other experimenters over a wider range of Knudsen numbers are compared, and a fitting formula for the thermophoretic force useful over the entire range 0 [les ] λ/ R [les ] ∞ is proposed which agrees within 20% or less with the majority of the available data.