gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-Metal Interactions in Heterobimetallic Complexes as a Strategy to Promote Multielectron Redox And Small Molecule Activation Processes (2019)

Recent attention in the chemical community has been focused on the energy efficient and environmentally benign conversion of abundant small molecules (CO2, H2O, etc.) to useful liquid fuels. This project addressed these goals by examining fundamental aspects of catalyst design to ultimately access small molecule activation processes under mild conditions. Specifically, Thomas and coworkers constructed heterobimetallic complexes that feature metal centers with vastly different electronic properties, dictated both by their respective positions on the periodic table and their coordination environment. Unlike homobimetallic complexes featuring identical or similar metals, the bonds between metals in early/late heterobimetallics are more polarized, with the more electron-rich late metal center donating electron density to the more electron-deficient early metal center. While metal-metal bonds pose an interesting strategy for storing redox equivalents and stabilizing reactive metal fragments, the polar character of metal-metal bonds in heterobimetallic complexes renders these molecules ideally poised to react with small molecule substrates via cleavage of energy-rich single and double bonds. This research project further explored such bond activation processes. In addition, metal-metal interactions were shown to dramatically affect redox potentials and promote multielectron redox activity, and it was demonstrated that metal-metal interactions provide a mechanism to tune redox potentials and access substrate reduction/activation at mild overpotentials. This research project provided a better fundamental understanding of how interactions between transition metals can be used as a strategy to promote and/or control chemical transformations related to the clean production of fuels. While this project focused on the study of homogeneous systems, the broad conclusions drawn from these investigations are applicable to heterogeneous catalysis as well, particularly to heterogeneous processes that occur at interfaces in multicomponent systems.
Reducing BDD size by exploiting structural connectivity (2003)

Computer-aided design tools have been limited by the use of the Binary Decision Diagram (BDD). The major drawback of the BDD is its abundant usage of CPU time and memory. Techniques such as BDD variable ordering and sharing have been used in the past to address the size issue. However these techniques remain to be limited to modest-sized circuits. In this paper, we present a significant variation to the conventional BDD, the Connective Binary Decision Diagram (CBDD). The CBDD addresses the size issue concerning conventional BDD implementations by employing the use of minimized-scalable binary decision diagrams (MSBDDs) combined with the structural connectivity present in the circuit's netlist. The experimental results section will demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the BDD size by more than two orders of magnitude for large circuits.
Direct Detection of S-Nitrosothiols Using Planar Amperometric Nitric Oxide Sensor Modified with Polymeric Films Containing Catalytic Copper Species (2005)

The direct amperometric detection of S-nitrosothiol species (RSNOs) is realized by modifying a previously reported amperometric nitric oxide gas sensor with thin hydrophilic polyurethane films containing catalytic Cu(II)/(I) sites. Catalytic Cu(II)/(I)-mediated decomposition of S-nitrosothiols generates NO(g) in the thin polymeric film at the distal tip of the NO sensor. Three different species are examined to create the catalytic layer: (1) a lipophilic Cu(II)-ligand complex; (2) Cu(II)-phosphate salt; and (3) small (3-microm) metallic Cu(0) particles. All three catalytic layers yield reversible amperometric response in proportion to the concentration of S-nitrosothiols (e.g., nitrosocysteine, nitrosoglutathione, S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine, S-nitrosoalbumin) present in the aqueous test solution. Sensitivity toward the different RSNO species is dependent on the respective catalytic rates of decomposition of the RSNO species by reactive Cu(I), accessibility of the species into the polyurethane layer containing the catalyst, the level of reducing agents (ascorbate) used in solution to help generate reactive Cu(I) species, and the concentration of metal ion complexing agents present in the test solution (e.g., EDTA). Under optimized conditions, all RSNO species can be detected at < or =1 microM levels, with sensor lifetimes of at least 10 days for the sensors based on Cu(II)-phosphate and Cu0 particles. It is further shown that the new RSNO sensors can be used to assess the "NO-generating" ability of fresh blood samples by effectively detecting the total level of reactive RSNO species present in such samples.
Guide to the evaluation of human exposure to noise from large wind turbines (1982)

Guidance for evaluating human exposure to wind turbine noise is provided and includes consideration of the source characteristics, the propagation to the receiver location, and the exposure of the receiver to the noise. The criteria for evaluation of human exposure are based on comparisons of the noise at the receiver location with the human perception thresholds for wind turbine noise and noise-induced building vibrations in the presence of background noise.
Research Needs for Coatings on Glass (2000)

A workshop entitled Coatings on Glass was held January 18-19, 2000 at Sandia National Laboratories in Liverrnore, CA, with the purpose of identi~ing key targets for improvement, technology barriers, and research needs relevant to the manufacturing of coated glass products.Experts from the glass and coatings industries, universities, and government laboratories participated.Small groups focussed on the needs of the four major sectors of the coatings industry: flat glass, containe~glass, fiber glass, and specialty coatings.The large number of recommendations are summarized briefly in this article.A report giving complete details is available ffom the author for those wishing to obtain additional information. IntroductionThe workshop Coatings on Glass grew out of a collaboration between the glass industry and the U.S. Department of Energy's OffIce of Industrial Technologies (OIT).The two-day workshop was held January 18-19, 2000 in Liverrnore, California and brought 42 experts from the glass and coatings industries, universities, and the national laboratories together to identify key targets for improvement, technology barriers, and research needs relevant to the manufacturing of coated glass products.
Using Microcomponents and Design Patterns to Build Evolutionary Transaction Services (2006)

The evolution of existing transaction services is limited because they are tightly coupled to a given transaction standard, implement a dedicated commit protocol, and support a fixed kind of applicative participants. The next challenge for transaction services will be to deal with evolution concerns. This evolution should allow developers to tune the transaction service depending on the transaction standard or the application requirements either at design time or at runtime. The contribution of this paper is to introduce the common approach that we have defined to build various evolutionary transaction services. This common approach is based on the use of microcomponents and design patterns, whose flexibility properties allow transaction services to be adapted to various execution contexts. This approach is applied in our GoTM framework that supports the construction of transaction services implementing several transaction standards and commit protocols. We argue that using fine-grained components and design patterns to build transaction services is an efficient solution to the evolution problem and our past experiences confirm that this approach does not impact the transaction service efficiency.
ATPG Heuristics Dependant Observation Point Insertion for Enhanced Compaction and Data Volume Reduction (2008)

As digital circuits grow in gate count so does the data volume required for manufacturing test. To address this problem several test compression techniques have been developed. This paper presents a novel and scalable technique for inserting observation points to aid compression by reducing pattern count and data volume. Experimental results presented for industrial circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Tumor histology in lymph vessels and lymph nodes for the accurate prediction of outcome among breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2009)

The present study investigated fibrotic foci (FFs), the grading system for lymph vessel tumor emboli (LVTEs), and the histological characteristics of nodal metastatic tumors that were significantly associated with the outcomes of 115 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We compared the outcome predictive power of FFs, the grading system for LVTEs, and the histological characteristics of metastatic tumors in lymph nodes with the well-known clinicopathological characteristics of tumor recurrence and tumor-related death in multivariate analyses. The presence of FFs, as assessed by a biopsy performed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, significantly increased the hazard rates (HRs) for tumor-related death in all the cases and in cases with nodal metastasis. The grading system for LVTEs, which was assessed using surgical specimens obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, was significantly associated with increasing hazard rates (HRs) for tumor recurrence and tumor-related death in all the cases and in cases with nodal metastasis. Moderate to severe stroma in nodal metastatic tumors and five or more mitotic figures in nodal metastatic tumors were significantly associated with elevated HRs for tumor recurrence and tumor-related death among all the cases. These results indicated that FFs, the grading system for LVTEs, and the histological characteristics of tumor cells in lymph nodes play important roles in predicting the tumor progression of IDCs of the breast in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) Compliance in Restaurants (2010)

In order to improve the security of customer data, the credit card companies have come together to create a security standard, called Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), which involve mandatory requirements for merchants that accept credit card transactions. All restaurants that accept a credit card must comply with PCI DSS. The purpose of the study was to examine the PCI DSS compliance levels of Quick Service, Casual/Family and Fine Dining restaurants. A random sample of 1000 restaurant managers that are in charge of information technology at their companies and are subscribers of Hospitality Technology Magazine were surveyed. One hundred ninety managers responded to the survey. The results indicate that restaurants are far from full compliance with PCI DSS. This may have significant financial and non-financial consequences for restaurant owners and operators.
Impact of Non-Arrhenius Temperature Behavior on the Fast-Charging Capabilities of LiCoO2–Graphite Lithium-Ion Batteries (2021)

Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries in 15 min or less is an important capability that may lead to greater electric vehicle adoption but remains challenging to implement. Heating to moderate temperature (40–50 °C) during the fast-charge step has been introduced as one method to mitigate the loss of lithium inventory by enhancing transport and kinetics. Unfortunately, this edge has two sides as even moderate temperature elevation will accelerate capacity fade due to interface and electrolyte degradation. While the thermal enhancement of transport and degradation is intuitive, the mechanistic effects of various temperature ranges on fast-charging capabilities are under-reported. The present work examines the balance between aging, temperature, and charge rate and describes cycling protocols in combination with high-temperature ranges that may enable fast-charging capabilities. A galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analysis reveals non-Arrhenius diffusion behavior at the cell level. This shift is attributed to a mechanistic difference in graphite staging at temperatures above and below 40 °C. Coupled with differential capacity and voltage analysis, we indicate the specific phase transition that is kinetically sluggish at low temperatures relative to the other phase transitions but is comparable to the other phase transitions at high temperatures. This reduction of the transport bottleneck, in addition to the benefits of thermal activation of diffusion, further minimizes the likelihood of lithium plating that is triggered by particle scale transport challenges well before full lithiation of the graphite. This helps to explain recently described outsized successes of elevated temperature fast-charge protocols, but also questions the temperature at which fast-charge should take place, as the diffusivity gains for 55 vs 45 °C are less dramatic than 45 vs 35 °C, and side reactions may deter operation above 50 °C. These diffusivity studies are connected with long-term aging studies which indicate improved high-temperature aging at lower states-of-charge rather than higher states-of-charge. Taken together, we introduce a cycling protocol utilizing a constant current fast-charge at high temperature to take advantage of lower overpotentials, shorter duration at high states-of-charge, and improved cell diffusivity.
Untersuchungen mit TOFD an geschweißten Längsnahtproben (2000)

Weld examination on Tube Test Specimen using TOFD. In contrast to the pulse echo technique, which is based on the sound field reflection at the flaw surface, the Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique uses the diffraction of the sound field at the flaw tips. For this purpose two angle beam probes for longitudinal waves are used in a pitch and catch arrangement. The transducers are positioned at both sides of the welding seam and are moved parallel to it during the measurement. The diffraction at the flaw tips causes different time of flight values with respect to the upper and lower flaw tip. Time dependent signals are stored in a series of A-scan pictures, which can finally be represented in a B-picture, which has to be interpreted. As investigations show there are additional useful information concerning defect size which can be given by TOFD, but pulse echo techniques with additional radiographic testing cannot be substituted by TOFD.
Design of probabilistic-based Markov Random Field logic gates in 65nm CMOS technology (2010)

As the VLSI technology node is getting into the sub-100 nm regime, the reliability issues caused by random interferences such as noise, process variations and manufacturing defects are changing the nature of digital computation from deterministic to probabilistic. This paper studies the principle of probabilistic-based Markov Random Field (MRF) design methodology for CMOS static logic gates. The MRF design technique is able to significantly improve the reliability and interference tolerance of the logic circuits. A Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) based MRF logic design method is proposed, which presents substantial noise immunity improvement over the normal MRF logic circuits. The proposed method is validated by simulation in 65 nm CMOS technology.
Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Imaging: A Scoping Review of Published Literature (2022)

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40134-022-00407-8.
Saddle antenna radio frequency ion sources (2015)

Existing RF ion sources for accelerators have specific efficiencies for H(+) and H(-) ion generation ∼3-5 mA/cm(2) kW, where about 50 kW of RF power is typically needed for 50 mA beam current production. The Saddle Antenna (SA) surface plasma source (SPS) described here was developed to improve H(-) ion production efficiency, reliability, and availability. In SA RF ion source, the efficiency of positive ion generation in the plasma has been improved to 200 mA/cm(2) kW. After cesiation, the current of negative ions to the collector was increased from 1 mA to 10 mA with RF power ∼1.5 kW in the plasma (6 mm diameter emission aperture) and up to 30 mA with ∼4 kW RF. Continuous wave (CW) operation of the SA SPS has been tested on the test stand. The general design of the CW SA SPS is based on the pulsed version. Some modifications were made to improve the cooling and cesiation stability. CW operation with negative ion extraction was tested with RF power up to ∼1.2 kW in the plasma with production up to Ic = 7 mA. A stable long time generation of H(-) beam without degradation was demonstrated in RF discharge with AlN discharge chamber.
Hochfeld-MRT Bildgebung bei Multipler Sklerose: Eine Vergleichsstudie bei 1.5 Tesla und 7 Tesla (2008)

Ziele: Vergleichende Untersuchung von Patienten mit klinisch gesicherter Multipler Sklerose bei 1.5 T und 7 T zur Evaluierung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der Hochfeld-MRT bezüglich der Detektion periventrikulärer, juxtakortikaler und kortikaler Läsionen. Methode: 10 konsekutive Patienten (7w, 3m, mittleres Alter 35 Jahre) wurden an einem 1.5 T MRT-System (Avanto, Siemens Medical Solutions) mit einer 12-Kanal-Kopfspule und an einem 7 T Ganzkörper-MRT-System (Magnetom 7T, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen) mit einer 8-Kanal-Spule untersucht. Bei beiden Feldstärken wurden Standardprotokolle mit axialer T2w, PDw, T2*w (SL 2mm) und 3D-MPRAGE (isotrop 0,5×0,5×0,5mm) durchgeführt. Beurteilt wurden die Bildqualität, SNR, die Anzahl, Größe und Morphologie der Demyelinisierungsherde. Ergebnis: Die Sequenzparameter wurden für die höhere Feldstärke aufgrund von SAR (specific absorption rate) Limitationen modifiziert. Es gelang in allen Sequenzen eine homogene Signalintensitäts-Verteilung.
Microwave structural and mechanistic study of tricyclo[2.2.0.02,6]hexane (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave structural and mechanistic study of tricyclo[2.2.0.02,6]hexaneRichard D. SuenramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 17, 4869–4876Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00850a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00850a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanometer-Scale Investigation of Schottky Contacts and Conduction Band Structure on 4H-, 6H- and 15R-SiC Using Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (1998)

Abstract: We have performed ballistic-electron emission microscopy (BEEM) of Pd and Pt Schottky contacts on 6H- and 4H-SiC and Pd Schottky contacts on 15R-SiC. Measured Schottky barrier heights (SBH’s) appear spatially uniform up to the fitting error due to noise (~0.03 and ~0.1 eV for 6H- and 4H-SiC, respectively). In 4H-SiC, we observed an additional conduction band minimum (CBM) ~0.14 eV above the lowest CBM, which is in good agreement with our band theoretical calculation. Preliminary results on Pd/15R-SiC indicate a higher CBM ~0.5 eV above the lowest CBM, and possibly another higher CBM ~0.3 eV above the lowest CBM. Also, in Pd/15R-SiC, large variations in BEEM spectra at different locations were observed, suggesting an inhomogeneous interface. Additionally, we sometimes observed enhancement in ballistic transmittance over regions intentionally stressed by hot electron injection. We report ballistic-electron emission microscopy (BEEM) measurements of Pd and Pt Schottky contacts on 6H- and 4H-SiC, and Pd contacts on 15R-SiC. The BEEM technique is an extension of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and can be used to probe local electronic properties of buried metal/semiconductor interfaces with nanometer-scale spatial resolution and high energy resolution [1,2]. Figure 1 shows the schematic experimental setup with corresponding energy-level diagrams
InP photonic circuit for deep neural networks (2019)

&lt;p&gt;We perform weight addition of four 10 Gbit/s channels employing a photonic integrated indium phosphide chip based on semiconductor optical amplifiers technology. We demonstrate classification of classes of Iris flowers with an accuracy of 91.6%.&lt;/p&gt;
Highly efficient continuous-wave diode-pumped Er, Yb:GdAl_3(BO_3)_4 laser (2013)

We report the highly efficient continuous-wave diode-pumped laser operation of Er, Yb:GdAl3(BO3)4 crystal. Absorption and stimulated emission spectra, emission lifetimes, and efficiencies of energy transfer from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions were determined. A maximal output power of 780 mW was obtained at 1531 nm at absorbed pump power of 4 W with slope efficiency of 26%.
Primary Structure and Effect of pH on the Expression of the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase from Dunaliella acidophila and Dunaliella salina (1996)

The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene was cloned and sequenced from the extremely acidophilic green alga Dunaliella acidophila and from the extremely halotolerant Dunaliella salina. A special feature of the Dunaliella H(+)-ATPase is an extended C-terminal domain. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two proteins are 75% identical but differ in their C terminus. A hydrophilic loop within this domain in D. salina, which presumably faces the cell exterior, has a high ratio of acidic over basic amino acids, typical of halophilic proteins. The amount of the ATPase protein in plasma membranes and the level of its mRNA transcript in D. acidophila are far higher than in D. salina, suggesting that D. acidophila overexpresses the enzyme. A pH shift from 9.0 to 7.0 induces in D. salina a large increase in the level of the H(+)-ATPase mRNA and in the amount of the H(+)-ATPase protein. This suggests that the expression of the H(+)-ATPase in D. salina is pH-regulated at the transcriptional level. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the adaptive pressures imposed on these algal species by their exceptional environmental conditions.
The effect of sensitization of pregnant Lewis rats with encephalitogen on the subsequent susceptibility of their offspring to allergic encephalomyelitis. (1985)

In a previous report (Smith & Rumjanek, 1984), it was shown that offspring of female Lewis rats which had been sensitized with encephalitogen during the second, but not the third or first, week of pregnancy, were resistant to the induction of EAE at 10 weeks of age. These observations have been extended to show that transfer of protection, from mothers to offspring, occurs during lactation. It is shown, furthermore, that sensitization leads to decreased incidence of disease in offspring, maternal clinical status simply determining the duration of protection enjoyed by offspring. The possible source of this protection is discussed.