gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2 B n –1 Pb n I 3 n +1 (A = BA, PEA; B = MA; n = 1, 2): Engineering Quantum-Well Crystals for High Mass Density and Fast Scintillators (2023)

Quantum-well (QW) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) crystals, e.g., A<sub>2</sub>PbX<sub>4</sub> (A = BA, PEA; X = Br, I), demonstrated significant potentials as scintillating materials for wide energy radiation detection compared to their individual three-dimensional (3D) counterparts, e.g., BPbX<sub>3</sub> (B = MA). Inserting 3D into QW structures resulted in new structures, namely A<sub>2</sub>BPb<sub>2</sub>X<sub>7</sub> perovskite crystals, and they may have promising optical and scintillation properties toward higher mass density and fast timing scintillators. In this article, we investigate the crystal structure as well as optical and scintillation properties of iodide-based QW HOIP crystals, A<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>MAPb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>7</sub>. A<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub> crystals exhibit green and red emission with the fastest PL decay time <1 ns, while A<sub>2</sub>MAPb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>7</sub> crystals exhibit a high mass density of >3.0 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and tunable smaller bandgaps <2.1 eV resulting from quantum and dielectric confinement. We observe that A<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub> and PEA<sub>2</sub>MAPb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>7</sub> show emission under X- and γ-ray excitations. We further observe that some QW HOIP iodide scintillators exhibit shorter radiation absorption lengths (∼3 cm at 511 keV) and faster scintillation decay time components (∼0.5 ns) compared to those of QW HOIP bromide scintillators. Finally, we investigate the light yields of iodide-based QW HOIP crystals at 10 K (∼10 photons/keV), while at room temperature they still show pulse height spectra with light yields between 1 and 2 photons/keV, which is still >5 times lower than those for bromides. The lower light yields can be the drawbacks of iodide-based QW HOIP scintillators, but the promising high mass density and decay time results of our study can provide the right pathway for further improvements toward fast-timing applications.
Rapid and Robust Automated Macroscopic Wood Identification System using Smartphone with Macro-lens (2017)

Wood Identification has never been more important to serve the purpose of global forest species protection and timber regulation. Macroscopic level wood identification practiced by wood anatomists can identify wood up to genus level. This is sufficient to serve as a frontline identification to fight against illegal wood logging and timber trade for law enforcement authority. However, frontline enforcement official may lack of the accuracy and confidence of a well trained wood anatomist. Hence, computer assisted method such as machine vision methods are developed to do rapid field identification for law enforcement official. In this paper, we proposed a rapid and robust macroscopic wood identification system using machine vision method with off-the-shelf smartphone and retrofitted macro-lens. Our system is cost effective, easily accessible, fast and scalable at the same time provides human-level accuracy on identification. Camera-enabled smartphone with Internet connectivity coupled with a macro-lens provides a simple and effective digital acquisition of macroscopic wood images which are essential for macroscopic wood identification. The images are immediately streamed to a cloud server via Internet connection for identification which are done within seconds.
PROS-1/Prospero Is a Major Regulator of the Glia-Specific Secretome Controlling Sensory-Neuron Shape and Function in C. elegans (2016)

Sensory neurons are an animal's gateway to the world, and their receptive endings, the sites of sensory signal transduction, are often associated with glia. Although glia are known to promote sensory-neuron functions, the molecular bases of these interactions are poorly explored. Here, we describe a post-developmental glial role for the PROS-1/Prospero/PROX1 homeodomain protein in sensory-neuron function in C. elegans. Using glia expression profiling, we demonstrate that, unlike previously characterized cell fate roles, PROS-1 functions post-embryonically to control sense-organ glia-specific secretome expression. PROS-1 functions cell autonomously to regulate glial secretion and membrane structure, and non-cell autonomously to control the shape and function of the receptive endings of sensory neurons. Known glial genes controlling sensory-neuron function are PROS-1 targets, and we identify additional PROS-1-dependent genes required for neuron attributes. Drosophila Prospero and vertebrate PROX1 are expressed in post-mitotic sense-organ glia and astrocytes, suggesting conserved roles for this class of transcription factors.
220 GHz wireless data transmission experiments up to 30 Gbit/s (2012)

A wireless data link using active MMIC components at a carrier frequency of 220 GHz is supporting record data rates of up to 30 Gbit/s. The paper presents receiver sensitivity measurements for data rates up to 30 Gbit/s and wireless data transmission experiments for distances up to 20 m. For this distance a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> – 1 bit pattern with a data rate of 15 Gbit/s was transmitted. For a transmission distance of 10m it was possible to transmit a 25 Gbit/s signal.
Quartzlike Carbon Dioxide: An Optically Nonlinear Extended Solid at High Pressures and Temperatures (1999)

An extended-solid phase, carbon dioxide phase V (CO2-V), was synthesized in a diamond anvil cell by laser heating the molecular orthorhombic phase, carbon dioxide phase III, above 40 gigapascals and 1800 kelvin. This new material can be quenched to ambient temperature above 1 gigapascal. The vibration spectrum of CO2-V is similar to that of the quartz polymorph of silicon dioxide, indicating that it is an extended covalent solid with carbon-oxygen single bonds. This material is also optically nonlinear, generating the second harmonic of a neodymium-yttrium-lithium-fluoride laser at a wavelength of 527 nanometers with a conversion efficiency that is near 0.1 percent.
High power subterahertz electromagnetic wave radiation from GaN photoconductive switch (2007)

The authors present apparently the observation of subterahertz electromagnetic wave emission from GaN based large aperture photoconductive switches (LA-PCSWs) excited by ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses. The photoconductive layer of the GaN LA-PCSW is doped with carbon giving rise to a resistivity as high as 60MΩcm. The absolute energy of the emitted radiation pulses is measured to be 93.3pJ/pulse under 500V bias voltage. The Fourier spectrum of the measured pulse by the time-domain-spectroscopy shows the main components lie in 0.1–0.2THz regime.
Guideline for Sampling and Analysis of Tars and Particles in Biomass Producer Gases (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Principle of the Guideline Rationale Behind Choices Made During Development of the Guideline Futher Development of the Guideline References
Continuous Room‐Temperature Hydrogen Release from Liquid Organic Carriers in a Photocatalytic Packed‐Bed Flow Reactor (2022)

Despite the potential of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub> ) storage in liquid organic carriers to achieve carbon neutrality, the energy required for H<sub>2</sub> release and the cost of catalyst recycling have hindered its large-scale adoption. In response, a photo flow reactor packed with rhodium (Rh)/titania (TiO<sub>2</sub> ) photocatalyst was reported for the continuous and selective acceptorless dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to H<sub>2</sub> gas and quinoline under visible light irradiation at room temperature. The tradeoff between the reactor pressure drop and its photocatalytic surface area was resolved by selective in-situ photodeposition of Rh in the photo flow reactor post-packing on the outer surface of the TiO<sub>2</sub> microparticles available to photon flux, thereby reducing the optimal Rh loading by 10 times compared to a batch reactor, while facilitating catalyst reuse and regeneration. An example of using quinoline as a hydrogen acceptor to lower the energy of the hydrogen production step was demonstrated via the water-gas shift reaction.
The lysostaphin endopeptidase resistance gene (epr) specifies modification of peptidoglycan cross bridges in Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus aureus (1995)

Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus produces an extracellular glycylglycine endopeptidase (lysostaphin) that lyses other staphylococci by hydrolyzing the cross bridges in their cell wall peptidoglycans. The genes for endopeptidase (end) and endopeptidase resistance (epr) reside on plasmid pACK1. An 8.4-kb fragment containing end was cloned into shuttle vector pL150 and was then introduced into Staphylococcus aureus RN4220. The recombinant S. aureus cells produced endopeptidase and were resistant to lysis by the enzyme, which indicated that the cloned fragment also contained epr. Treatments to remove accessory wall polymers (proteins, teichoic acids, and lipoteichoic acids) did not change the endopeptidase sensitivity of walls from strains of S. simulans biovar staphylolyticus or of S. aureus with and without epr. Immunological analyses of various wall fractions showed that there were epitopes associated with endopeptidase resistance and that these epitopes were found only on the peptidoglycans of epr+ strains of both species. Treatment of purified peptidoglycans with endopeptidase confirmed that resistance or susceptibility of both species was a property of the peptidoglycan itself. A comparison of the chemical compositions of these peptidoglycans revealed that cross bridges in the epr+ cells contained more serine and fewer glycine residues than those of cells without epr. The presence of the 8.4-kb fragment from pACK1 also increased the susceptibility of both species to methicillin.
Generation of Enhanced-Scalelength Plasmas and Zeeman Study of Magnetic Fields. (1983)

Using nonuniform laser illumination on flat targets, with moderate laser energies (200J), we have produced enhanced density scalelengths; e.g., in excess of 0.5 mm at 0.1 of critical density. These enhanced scalelengths are of interest in simulating large, high-gain pellets, and investigating the potential impact of longer scalelengths on a variety of convective plasma instabilities. The non-uniform laser irradiation also affects the spontaneous magnetic fields. These fields were measured for the first time using the Zeeman effect. Space-and-time-resolved measurements, for both polarizations, were made of the 2271-2278 A CV triplet emission. A comparison with theory gave fields around 200 kG. (Author)
Intelligent Training Development Methodologies (2001)

Abstract : This research effort developed an immersed virtual environment for the instruction of orbital mechanics and Training Studio, a more general virtual environment instructional authoring system. Training Studio provides the instructor with the capability of developing instructional simulations and not needing a computer programmer to translate instructional objectives into code. It provides the instructor with a visual programming system that operates the virtual environment. In a Training Studio session, there can be several processes handling interaction and display of the virtual environment (Vista Viewer), several processes modeling the understanding of the participants (Training Assistant), and several processes controlling the simulation and visual aspect of individual objects (Agent Framework and Profiler). Suggestions for further evolution of this type of software are provided.
Overcoming Multimodal Effects in Optical Fiber Tip CMOS-Compatible Fabry-Pérot Sensors (2012)

The challenges in multimode fiber sensors of modal interference and averaging over modes are presented and mitigation is discussed. Multimode fiber-tip pressure sensors were fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process, assembled, and characterized.
Applications of polyimide coatings: a review (2021)

Abstract Polyimides, high-performance polymers with superior properties such as high temperature stability, resistance to solvents and high strength, can be used in high-tech applications of the aerospace and aviation, medical or electronics industry in different forms (film, fiber, nanofiber, membrane, foam, adhesive or coating). Among these applications, coating has a special place and is used to develop advanced structures having high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and etc. for high tech industries via an economical and feasible way. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to report the broad application status of polyimide coatings by reviewing publications, patents and commercial products. Thus, this study can assist in selecting suitable polyimide types and production methods for polyimide coating applications and in understanding their applicability for future products.
Grafting of synthetic mannose receptor-ligands onto onion vectors for human dendritic cells targetingElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: full experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b206980f/ (2002)

A practical preparation of onion vesicles targeted to dendritic cells involves the grafting of mannose-mimetic clusters, bearing a hydrazino group, onto the surface of onion vesicles containing an aldehyde functionalized lipid.
Influence of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and gamma interferon on the phenotype of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (1987)

The effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and gamma interferon on the phenotypic changes associated with monocyte maturation in vitro were investigated. Human monocytes separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations by adherence to plastic were cultured for 7 days on glass. Immunocytological analysis was performed on monolayers fixed at various times by using monoclonal antibodies specific for mature macrophages (RFD7), interdigitating (dendritic) cells (RFD1), and class II major histocompatibility complex antigen (RFDR1). Without any addition to the culture medium, proportions of these monocytes (normally RFD1 and RFD7 negative) developed either RFD1 positivity (23%) or RFD7 positivity (49%) over 7 days of culturing. The addition of gamma interferon to these cultures markedly reduced the proportion of RFD7-positive cells (less than 10%) but increased the proportion of RFD1-positive cells (40 to 60%). In contrast, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 reduced the expression of both RFD1 and RFD7. Both of these effects were dose dependent and required at least 3 days of contact with the cells. The possibility that RFD1- and RFD7-positive cells represent functionally distinct subsets makes these effects of significance in our understanding of the role of these mediators in controlling the immunocompetence of nonlymphoid accessory cell populations and in macrophage-associated antimicrobial activity.
New therapies and new pathologies: end-stage--dialysis kidneys. (1979)

End-stage kidneys in patients who are receiving long-term intermittent treatment with hemodialysis are metabolic structures that participate in many body processes and that themselves develop and change despite severe excretory deficiencies. Nephron loss is severe. Other lesions in such kidneys include the following: smooth muscle nodules that arise in necrotic arteries and arterioles; embryonal hyperplasia of Bowman's capsular epithelium; remodeling of the arteries and veins; tubular atrophy; dilation and cyst formation (acquired cystic disease); arteriolar granular cell hyperplasia and hypertension; deposits of oxalate, calcium, and immune complexes; interstitial fibrosis with collagen and smooth muscle; mucoid change; and cellular infiltration. This list does not include all pathologic conditions found in the end-stage--dialysis kidney. The necessity of and the criteria for an experimental model of human long-term intermittent hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease, presently lacking, are indicated.
Adaptation de l'adenovirus pour la therapie genique (1994)

La therapie genique somatique est en passe de devenir une realite. La methodologie utilisee a ce jour pour assurer le transfert genique repose sur l'utilisation de retrovirus. Malheureusement, le transfert genique par ces virus necessite des cellules en division, ce qui limite considerablement le champ d'application. Nous avons developpe une autre strategie reposant sur l'utilisation d'adenovirus defectifs pour la replication. Nous avons pu montrer qu'il est possible de transferer efficacement et durablement des genes dans des organes constitues de cellules se divisant lentement ou pas du tout. Le transfert de genes est assure cette fois par injection directe du virus recombinant. Nous avons pu etablir pour la premiere fois la faisabilite d'une correction genique d'un deficit enzymatique. Des souris, deficientes en ornithine transcarbamylase (otc), une enzyme du cycle de l'uree, ont vu leur metabolisme hepatique corrige a la suite d'une inoculation par voie generale d'un adenovirus recombinant portant l'adnc de l'otc. Nous avons pu montrer que la neosynthese d'otc s'accompagne d'une correction de l'ensemble des phenotypes lies au deficit. Nous avons ensuite cherche a transferer des genes dans l'epithelium pulmonaire pour lequel l'adenovirus a un tropisme naturel. Le clonage recent du gene cftr dont la deficience est responsable de la mucoviscidose nous a fourni l'opportunite attendue. Nous avons construit un adenovirus recombinant portant l'adnc cftr humain et demontre son activite en culture cellulaire et in vivo chez le cotton rat. Des experiences ont egalement permis d'identifier les types cellulaires de l'epithelium bronchique humain qui sont des cibles pour l'adenovirus. L'efficacite de notre construction ad-cftr a corriger le flux ionique chez des patients atteints de mucoviscidose est en cours d'evaluation. D'autres applications therapeutiques chez l'homme sont maintenant envisageables a tres court termes. Elles passeront par des ameliorations de vecteurs afin d'en diminuer la diffusion accidentelle et l'immunoreactivite
Wood-adhesive interactions in a PVAc latex (2008)

Abstract Static rheological analysis based on time/temperature equivalence was applied to freestanding poly(vinyl acetate-co-N-methylolacrylamide) (PVAc-co-NMA) adhesive films and to wood-bonded films (composites) containing two types of crosslinking: 1) AlCl 3 catalysis of NMA comonomer, and 2) the same AlCl 3 catalysis plus additional crosslinking using a phenolic resol additive, PF. The glass/rubber relaxations for bulk poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, and in some cases for the poly(vinyl alcohol) interfacial agent (PVOH) also, were evaluated by the empirical Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) coupling model. The KWW coupling analysis revealed that accelerated weathering dramatically decreased PVAc segmental coupling in neat films; the PF additive slightly mitigated this weathering effect. In comparison to neat films, composite specimens exhibited increased PVAc coupling for all sample types, demonstrating a significant wood-adhesive interaction. In contrast to neat films, the PF additive completely negated the effects of accelerated weathering in composite specimens. Since PF prevented weathering-induced changes to the PVAc relaxation (in composites), the phenolic additive influenced the bulk adhesive and its effects were not restricted to PVOH crosslinking at the interparticle boundaries. The wood-adhesive interaction was not only detected through the PVAc relaxation but also in the PVOH glass transition. Furthermore, the PF borne weather resistance was dependent upon the presence or absence of wood, suggesting a PF/wood interaction. It is unknown if the putative PF/wood interaction is direct or possibly indirect through wood alteration of PVAc and PVOH.
Annihilation of angular momentum drift during spinning-up and thrusting maneuvers of rigid bodies (1984)

A very simple, yet accurate, heuristic solution for the spiral path of the angular momentum vector during spin-up and spin-down maneuvers of rigid body spacecraft is presented. A two-burn scheme is proposed consisting of a burn, a coast, and a second burn of the spin thruster. The appropriate burn times are found by a transcendental equation similar to Kepler's equation. Numerical results verify the accuracy of the burn, coast, and burn times given by closed form expressions. The scheme can also be applied to the problem of axial thrusting during constant spin.
Development of a dynamic simulator for a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with post-combustion carbon capture (2012)

The AVESTAR Center located at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory and West Virginia University is a world-class research and training environment dedicated to using dynamic process simulation as a tool for advancing the safe, efficient and reliable operation of clean energy plants with CO{sub 2} capture. The AVESTAR Center was launched with a high-fidelity dynamic simulator for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant with pre-combustion carbon capture. The IGCC dynamic simulator offers full-scope Operator Training Simulator (OTS) Human Machine Interface (HMI) graphics for realistic, real-time control room operation and is integrated with a 3D virtual Immersive Training Simulator (ITS), thus allowing joint control room and field operator training. The IGCC OTS/ITS solution combines a “gasification with CO{sub 2} capture” process simulator with a “combined cycle” power simulator into a single high-performance dynamic simulation framework. This presentation will describe progress on the development of a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) dynamic simulator based on the syngas-fired combined cycle portion of AVESTAR’s IGCC dynamic simulator. The 574 MW gross NGCC power plant design consisting of two advanced F-class gas turbines, two heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), and a steam turbine in a multi-shaft 2x2x1 configuration willmore » be reviewed. Plans for integrating a post-combustion carbon capture system will also be discussed.« less
Benzoylimino-2 triméthyl-1,4,6 dihydro-1,2 pyridine (1986)

Cristallisation dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe P2 1/c et affinement jusqu'a R=0,042. La molecule est presque plane. Conjugaison d'une orbitale delocalisee le long du groupe amide avec les electrons π du cycle pyridine
Flow visualization and flow cytometry with holographic video microscopy (2009)

The video stream captured by an in-line holographic microscope can be analyzed on a frame-by-frame basis to track individual colloidal particles' three-dimensional motions with nanometer resolution, and simultaneously to measure their sizes and refractive indexes. Through a combination of hardware acceleration and software optimization, this analysis can be carried out in near real time with off-the-shelf instrumentation. An efficient particle identification algorithm automates initial position estimation with sufficient accuracy to enable unattended holographic tracking and characterization. This technique's resolution for particle size is fine enough to detect molecular-scale coatings on the surfaces of colloidal spheres, without requiring staining or fluorescent labeling. We demonstrate this approach to label-free holographic flow cytometry by detecting the binding of avidin to biotinylated polystyrene spheres.