gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial products from carbohydrates, wood and fibres (2004)

Carbohydrates are the most widespread class of compounds in nature and are produced in enormous amounts by all plants. Seventy-five percent of the annual biomass production by photosynthesis, i.e. 170 ×109t, are carbohydrates. However, only 6% of this annual production is being used by human beings (62% for food, 33% for energy and housing and only 5% for non-food applications) (Röper, 2002). Not only are carbohydrates the primary products formed by photosynthesis and the energy storage compounds of plants and bacteria, they also play a very important role in the functions of cells and are starting materials for many vital compounds in biochemical pathways, in cell–cell recognition strategies and in cellular transport. Further, carbohydrates form an immense resource pool for organic synthetic chemists in the synthesis of many complex natural compounds, such as antibiotics (Nicolau and Mitchell, 2001). In this chapter, next to some fundamental characteristics of the compounds discussed, most attention will be focused on the large-scale use of carbohydrates and modified carbohydrates as industrial products and the technology involved in these transformations. The following classes of carbohydrates and their applications will be discussed: &#13;\nThe occurrence and use of polysaccharides and fibres, including wood, cotton, paper, starches and chitin. &#13;\nThe applications of oligosaccharides such as maltodextrins, fructans and cyclodextrins.
[Comparative study of thiopental and midazolam for induction of anesthesia]. (1983)

In 40 female ASA class I-II patients, scheduled for laparoscopy, midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1 i.v. was compared with thiopentone 5 mg kg-1 i.v. for induction of anaesthesia after parenteral premedication. Loss of the eyelash reflex occurred significantly earlier (p less than 0.005) in the thiopentone group (23.3 s) than in the midazolam group (37.5 s). During orotracheal intubation a more stable cardiovascular course was found with midazolam than with thiopentone. Awakening was markedly slower with midazolam than with thiopentone. Anterograde amnesia of more than 60 minutes after induction of anaesthesia occurred in 50% of midazolam patients compared with 10% in the thiopentone group. No significant differences in side effects could be found. Midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1 was sufficient to induce anaesthesia reliably after premedication with droperidol and fentanyl shortly before induction.
Ultrafine luminescent structures through nanoparticle self-assembly (2006)

We report the fabrication of ultrafine structures consisting of regular arrays of nanoemitters through the self-assembly of luminescent nanoparticles on a silicon wafer. Nanoparticles of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) doped with Eu3+ ions were synthesized by a sonochemical technique. These particles, suspended in ethanol, are introduced onto a pre-patterned silicon wafer, covered with a thin oxide layer. On annealing the sample in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber, the nanoparticles self-assemble along the pattern. We demonstrate this 'chemical lithography' by assembling the nanoparticles along a variety of patterns. We believe that such self-organized nanopatterning of functional structures is important for the realization of nanodevices.
Phase Space Methods for Degenerate Quantum Gases (2014)

Abstract Recent experimental progress has enabled cold atomic gases to be studied at nanokelvin temperatures, creating new states of matter where quantum degeneracy occurs—Bose–Einstein condensates and degenerate Fermi gases. Such quantum states are of macroscopic dimensions. As its title suggests, this book presents the phase space theory approach to treating the physics of degenerate quantum gases, an approach already widely used in quantum optics. However, degenerate quantum gases involve massive bosonic and fermionic atoms, not massless photons. The book begins with a review of Fock states for systems of identical atoms, where large numbers of atoms occupy the various single-particle states or modes. First, separate modes are considered, and here the quantum density operator is represented by a phase space distribution function of phase space variables which replace mode annihilation and creation operators, the dynamical equation for the density operator determines a Fokker–Planck equation for the distribution function, and measurable quantities such as quantum correlation functions are given as phase space integrals. Finally, the phase space variables are replaced by time-dependent stochastic variables satisfying Langevin stochastic equations obtained from the Fokker–Planck equation, with stochastic averages giving the measurable quantities. Second, a quantum field approach is then treated, the density operator being represented by a distribution functional of field functions which replace field annihilation and creation operators, the distribution functional satisfying a functional Fokker–Planck equation, etc. A novel feature of this book is that the phase space variables for fermions are Grassmann variables, not c-numbers. However, the book shows that Grassmann distribution functions and functionals still provide equations for obtaining both analytic and numerical solutions.
Synthesis, Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressant Properties of a Borate-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide (2005)

Abstract Reaction of a Mg-Al carbonate layered double hydroxide (LDH) with boric acid leads to a borate-pillared LDH with the stoichiometry [Mg 0.65 Al 0.35 (OH) 2 ][B 3 O 5 ] 0.35 .0.65H 2 O and an interlayer spacing of 1.07 nm. Infrared and 11 B magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance data are consistent with the presence of polymeric triborate anions of the type [B 3 O 4 (OH) 2 ] n n - in the interlayer galleries so that the material can be formulated as [Mg 0.65 Al 0.35 (OH) 2 ][B 3 O 4 (OH) 2 ] 0.35 .0.30H 2 O. The flame-retardant properties of the borate-pillared material and the carbonate precursor in composites with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer were compared. Introduction of the borate anion leads to a significant enhancement in smoke suppression during combustion without compromising the flammability of the material. This is related to the synergistic effect between the host layers of the LDH and the borate anions uniformly distributed in the interlayer region.
The DEL-1/β3 integrin axis promotes regulatory T cell responses during inflammation resolution (2020)

FOXP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for immune homeostasis and respond to local tissue cues, which control their stability and function. We explored here whether developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1), which, like Tregs, increases during resolution of inflammation, promotes Treg responses. DEL-1 enhanced Treg numbers and function at barrier sites (oral and lung mucosa). The underlying mechanism was dissected using mice lacking DEL-1 or expressing a point mutant thereof, or mice with T cell-specific deletion of the transcription factor RUNX1, identified by RNA sequencing analysis of the DEL-1-induced Treg transcriptome. Specifically, through interaction with αvβ3 integrin, DEL-1 promoted induction of RUNX1-dependent FOXP3 expression and conferred stability of FOXP3 expression upon Treg restimulation in the absence of exogenous TGF-β1. Consistently, DEL-1 enhanced the demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) in the mouse Foxp3 gene and the suppressive function of sorted induced Tregs. Similarly, DEL-1 increased RUNX1 and FOXP3 expression in human conventional T cells, promoting their conversion into induced Tregs with increased TSDR demethylation, enhanced stability, and suppressive activity. We thus uncovered a DEL-1/αvβ3/RUNX1 axis that promotes Treg responses at barrier sites and offers therapeutic options for modulating inflammatory/autoimmune disorders.
STACEE Observations of Extra-galactic Sources (2002)

The Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE) is a ground-based gamma-ray telescope, which uses 64 large heliostats at a solar research facility near Albuquerque NM, USA, to achieve a gamma-ray energy threshold below that of traditional imaging telescopes. The full STACEE experiment started regular observations in October, 2001. Here we report the results from STACEE observations of extragalactic sources during the 2001-2002 observing season.
Data from Phase II Study of Palbociclib (PD-0332991) in <i>CCND1</i>, <i>2</i>, or <i>3</i> Amplification: Results from the NCI-MATCH ECOG-ACRIN Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol Z1B (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Cyclin D/CDK4/6 is critical in controlling the G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; to S checkpoint. &lt;i&gt;CCND&lt;/i&gt;, the gene encoding cyclin D, is known to be amplified in a variety of solid tumors. Palbociclib is an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, approved in advanced breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy. We explored the efficacy of palbociclib in patients with nonbreast solid tumors containing an amplification in &lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with tumors containing a &lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt; amplification and expression of the retinoblastoma protein were assigned to subprotocol Z1B and received palbociclib 125 mg once daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Tumor response was assessed every two cycles.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Forty patients were assigned to subprotocol Z1B; 4 patients had outside assays identifying the &lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt; amplification and were not confirmed centrally; 3 were ineligible and 2 were not treated (1 untreated patient was also ineligible), leaving 32 evaluable patients for this analysis. There were no partial responses; 12 patients (37.5%) had stable disease as best response. There were seven deaths on study, all during cycle 1 and attributable to disease progression. Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months. The most common toxicities were leukopenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 21, 55%) and neutropenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19, 50%); neutropenia was the most common grade 3/4 event (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12, 32%).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Palbociclib was not effective at treating nonbreast solid tumors with a &lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt; amplification in this cohort. These data do not support further investigation of single-agent palbociclib in tumors with &lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;2&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt; amplification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Properties of Ge and GeOx Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering (2010)

Optical properties of pulsed DC magnetron sputtered Ge and GeOx layers are reported. Complex multilayer infrared bandpass filters were successfully fabricated. However, these coatings exhibit severe environmental durability issues which may limit their applications.
Path locks for XML document collaboration (2003)

The hierarchical and semistructured nature of XML data can cause complicated update-behavior. The updates are not limited to entire document trees, but can involve subtrees and even individual elements. These document parts correspond to, e.g. sections in text documents or sub-diagrams in vector graphics files. Providing suitable locking mechanisms for semi-structured data can significantly improve collaboration systems that store their data as XML documents. We show that concurrency control mechanisms in CVS, relational, and object oriented database systems are inadequate for collaboration systems based on semistructured data. We therefore propose a new locking scheme of fine granularity based on path locks. We also show that our proposed mechanism avoids conflicts by ensuring serializability, supports both top-down and bottom-up query evaluation, and is relatively efficient.
Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies of COVID-19 Patients Tested Using Clinical D614G, B.1.1.7, and B 1.351 Isolates in Microneutralization Assays (2021)

Increasing evidence suggests that some newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) resist neutralization by antibodies elicited by the early-pandemic wild-type virus. We applied neutralization tests to paired recoveree sera (<i>n</i> = 38) using clinical isolates representing the first wave (D614G), VoC1, and VoC2 lineages (B.1.1.7 and B 1.351). Neutralizing antibodies inhibited contemporary and VoC1 lineages, whereas inhibition of VoC2 was reduced 8-fold, with 50% of sera failing to show neutralization. These results provide evidence for the increased potential of VoC2 to reinfect previously SARS-CoV-infected individuals. The kinetics of NAbs in different patients showed similar decline against all variants, with generally low initial anti-B.1.351 responses becoming undetectable, but with anti-B.1.1.7 NAbs remaining detectable (>20) for months after acute infection.
Optimizing Imaging Techniques in the Postoperative Patient (2007)

Postoperative patients may develop complications requiring imaging. Although any imaging technique can be used to investigate these patients, the presence of metal hardware in the region of interest may distort the image and interfere with diagnosis. It is important to understand why this distortion occurs and how to compensate for it. Because some of the most common cross-sectional imaging methods used to image this patient population are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this article focuses on these imaging methods. Metal-related artifacts on CT depend on the hardware alloy, the geometry of the hardware, and the location of the hardware relative to the region of interest. The artifacts may be reduced or eliminated by altering the scan technique, changing the patient position, selecting a smoother CT reconstruction algorithm, and by creating thicker slice multiplanar reformations. Like CT, metal artifacts at MR imaging depend on the type of hardware alloy. Hardware-related artifacts at MR imaging can be reduced by using appropriate pulse sequences, such as fast or turbo spin echo and inversion recovery. Additionally, important pulse sequence modifications that are addressed here include manipulation of the receiver bandwidth and orientation of the frequency encode axis.
Solution-processable semiconducting thin-film transistors using single-walled carbon nanotubes chemically modified by organic radical initiators (2009)

The reactivity of organic radicals produced by 1,1'-azobis(cyanocyclohexane) (ACN) is tuned to selectively suppress electrical conduction of small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, and the modified tubes are able to produce high-mobility (approximately 10 cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) and solution-processable thin-film transistors with full semiconductor device yield, promising applications in high-performance printable electronics.
Chemical-Biological Terrorism and Its Impact on Children: A Subject Review (2000)

There is an increasing threat that chemical and biological weapons will be used on a civilian population in an act of domestic terrorism. Casualties among adults and children could be significant in such an event. Federal, state, and local authorities have begun extensive planning to meet a chemical-biological incident by developing methods of rapid identification of potential agents and protocols for management of victims without injury to health care personnel. Because children would be disproportionately affected by a chemical or biological weapons release, pediatricians must assist in planning for a domestic chemical-biological incident. Government agencies should seek input from pediatricians and pediatric subspecialists to ensure that the situations created by multiple pediatric casualties after a chemical-biological incident are considered. This statement reviews key aspects of chemical-biological agents, the consequences of their use, the potential impact of a chemical-biological attack on children, and issues to consider in disaster planning and management for pediatric patients.
Prevalence and impact of cannabis use disorders in adolescents with early onset first episode psychosis (2011)

Baseline CU was associated with worse baseline characteristics, but only persistent CU was linked with worse outcome. About half of those with baseline CU reduced cannabis during treatment. For these, effectively treating the psychotic disorder may already be beneficial. However, future research is necessary on the reasons for persistent CU in EOP and its treatment.
Assessment of Hearing in Infants with Moderate to Profound Impairment: The Melbourne Experience with Auditory Steady-State Evoked Potential Testing (2002)

Auditory steady-state evoked potential (ASSEP) testing has been used in the assessment of hearing in infants at the University of Melbourne School of Audiology Clinic during the past 10 years. This study examines the evoked potential and behavioral hearing test findings for 200 children in whom permanent, moderate to profound hearing loss was diagnosed with the ASSEP procedure. The ASSEP audiograms were obtained with amplitude and frequency modulated tones at octave frequencies (500 to 4,000 Hz). In 184 infants, the hearing loss appeared to be of sensorineural origin. For these children, there was a strong correlation between ASSEP findings and behavioral thresholds, with Pearson r coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.93 with test frequency. As such, the ASSEP findings obtained in the first months of life were accurate enough to form a basis for fitting amplification and early intervention. For the 16 children whose hearing loss appeared to be the result of auditory neuropathy, however, ASSEP thresholds showed little or no relationship to the behavioral audiogram.
Data from Differential Effect on Bone Lesions of Targeting Integrins: Randomized Phase II Trial of Abituzumab in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Integrins play a critical role in the progression of prostate cancer and its bone metastases. We investigated the use of the pan-αv integrin inhibitor abituzumab in chemotherapy-naïve patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; PERSEUS (NCT01360840) was a randomized, double-blind phase II study. Men with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer and radiologic progression of bone lesions in the 28 days prior to randomization were assigned to receive abituzumab 750 mg or 1,500 mg or placebo (1:1:1) every 3 weeks in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The intent-to-treat population comprised 180 patients, 60 in each arm. The primary endpoint of PFS was not significantly different with abituzumab-based therapy compared with placebo [abituzumab 750 mg, 3.4 months, HR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57–1.39; abituzumab 1,500 mg, 4.3 months, HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.52–1.26; placebo, 3.3 months], but the cumulative incidence of bone lesion progression was lower with abituzumab than with placebo for up to 24 months (cumulative incidence 23.6% vs. 41.1% at 6 months, 26.1% vs. 45.4% at 12 months). Two partial tumor responses were observed (1 abituzumab 1,500 mg and 1 placebo). Approximately 85% to 90% of patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) in the different arms, but the incidences of serious TEAEs and TEAEs with fatal outcome were similar in the three arms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Although PFS was not significantly extended, abituzumab appears to have specific activity in prostate cancer–associated bone lesions that warrants further investigation. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3192–200. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design of a wideband printed MIMO monopole antenna using neutralisation lines technique (2014)

A novel printed diversity monopole antenna is presented for WiFi/WiMAX applications. The antenna comprises two crescent shaped radiators placed symmetrically with respect to a defected ground plane and a wideband zigzag neutralization line is connected between them to achieve good impedance matching and low mutual coupling. Theoretical and experimental characteristics are illustrated for this antenna, which achieves an impedance bandwidth of 54.5% (over 2.4 – 4.2 GHz), at a reflection coefficient &amp;lt; −10 dB, mutual coupling &amp;lt; −16 dB. An acceptable agreement is obtained for the computed and measured gain, radiation patterns, and envelope correlation coefficient. These characteristics demonstrate that the proposed antenna is an attractive candidate for the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) portable mobile devices.
Extended Calix[4]arene-Based Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Sensing (2008)

Recent advances in the area of recognition and sensing have shown that artificial receptors derived from extended calix[4]arenes bearing multiple π-conjugated fluorophoric or chromophoric systems have found useful to enhance binding affinity, selectivity and sensitivity for recognition and sensing of a targeted ion or molecule. A comprehensive review of various π-conjugation-extended calyx[4]arene-based receptors with the highlight on the design and binding characterization for recognition and sensing is presented.
Fast hash table lookup using extended bloom filter (2005)

Hash tables are fundamental components of several network processing algorithms and applications, including route lookup, packet classification, per-flow state management and network monitoring. These applications, which typically occur in the data-path of high-speed routers, must process and forward packets with little or no buffer, making it important to maintain wire-speed throughout. A poorly designed hash table can critically affect the worst-case throughput of an application, since the number of memory accesses required for each lookup can vary. Hence, high throughput applications require hash tables with more predictable worst-case lookup performance. While published papers often assume that hash table lookups take constant time, there is significant variation in the number of items that must be accessed in a typical hash table search, leading to search times that vary by a factor of four or more.We present a novel hash table data structure and lookup algorithm which improves the performance over a naive hash table by reducing the number of memory accesses needed for the most time-consuming lookups. This allows designers to achieve higher lookup performance for a given memory bandwidth, without requiring large amounts of buffering in front of the lookup engine. Our algorithm extends the multiple-hashing Bloom Filter data structure to support exact matches and exploits recent advances in embedded memory technology. Through a combination of analysis and simulations we show that our algorithm is significantly faster than a naive hash table using the same amount of memory, hence it can support better throughput for router applications that use hash tables.