gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of operating temperature on the characteristics of nickel/iron traction batteries (1986)

Performance of improved Ni/Fe electric vehicle batteries was measured at ambient temperatures of 0, 25, and 50 C for a range of overcharge levels, open-circuit stand times, and charge and discharge rates. Tests in which charges and discharges were performed at different battery operating temperatures showed that the discharge capacity of a Ni/Fe battery is directly related to its operating temperature, but its charge acceptance is decreased at 0 and 50 C by approx. 6% from that obtained at 25 C. The decline in battery efficiency at high temperatures is the result of increased self-discharge losses. In the first 0.5 h after charge, the Ah self-discharge loss at 50 C is twice (6%) that at 0 and 25 C (approx. 3%), corresponding to an increase in initial self-discharge rate from approx. 8 to 16 A. The increased self-discharge rate apparently occurs during the latter part of charging and, thereby, causes the 6% decline in charge acceptance. A decrease in battery efficiency also resulted at 50 C (6% coulombic and 4% energy efficiency loss) when the charge current was reduced from the 3-h to the 6-h rate. In comparison, low temperatures impact battery internal resistance and IR-free voltage more than high temperatures. For an increase in ambient temperature from 25 to 50 C, battery IR-free voltage increased less than 1% and battery resistance decreased only 3%. However, a decrease from 25 to 0 C resulted in a 2.3% decrease in IR-free voltage and about a 22% increase in resistance. The available capacity and operating efficiency of a Ni/Fe battery are maximal near 25 C. To maintain the same Ah capacity achieved at 25 C with a 20% overcharge, the overcharge must be doubled at 50 C (42%) and tripled at 0 C (60%). Test procedures and equipment are described, test data are presented, and results are discussed.
Health Benefits of a Pulse‐Based Diet for Soccer Players During Regular Season Play (2015)

Pulses are considered a low glycemic index food and may be beneficial for athletic performance. We have shown that acute consumption of lentils is beneficial for improving laboratory‐based endurance performance during simulated soccer games (Little et al., 2009; 2010; Bennett et al. 2012) and a pulse diet (2 months) is beneficial for lowering cholesterol levels (Abeysekara et al. 2012). PURPOSE: We hypothesize that chronic consumption of pulses by soccer players will improve measures of health throughout the soccer season. METHODS: Soccer players were randomized to receive a calorie adjusted, pulse‐based diet (250g of cooked pulses) for one month or consume their regular diet. Participants then crossed over to the opposite diet. Pre and post each month‐long diet phase, blood samples were collected to determine fasting glucose, insulin and lipid levels. RESULTS: Consuming pulses did not significantly affect blood insulin, total cholesterol, HDL or LDL and VLDL levels (n=9). Total cholesterol (TC) expressed as a ratio to HDL resulted in athletes consuming the pulse based diet after 4 weeks (2.04 ±2.49) having a lower TC:HDL ratio compared to when they consumedtheir regular diets (3.43±2.29) (p=0.03). Cholesterol ratios also decreased over time after consuming the pulse diet (Baseline: 2.74±2.49, Post diet intervention: 2.04±1.00). CONCLUSION Consuming a diet composed of pulses provides the beneficial effect of reducing cholesterol ratios in healthy adult athletes. The reduction in cholesterol ratios over time in healthy individuals may indicate a beneficial role of consuming pulses to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction for nonadiabatic dynamics: The influence of conical intersection topography on population transfer rates (2012)

Conical intersections play a critical role in the nonadiabatic relaxation of excited electronic states. However, there are an infinite number of these intersections and it is difficult to predict which are actually relevant. Furthermore, traditional descriptors such as intrinsic reaction coordinates and steepest descent paths often fail to adequately characterize excited state reactions due to their highly nonequilibrium nature. To address these deficiencies in the characterization of excited state mechanisms, we apply a nonlinear dimensionality reduction scheme (diffusion mapping) to generate reaction coordinates directly from ab initio multiple spawning dynamics calculations. As illustrated with various examples of photoisomerization dynamics, excited state reaction pathways can be derived directly from simulation data without any a priori specification of relevant coordinates. Furthermore, diffusion maps also reveal the influence of intersection topography on the efficiency of electronic population transfer, providing further evidence that peaked intersections promote nonadiabatic transitions more effectively than sloped intersections. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques as powerful tools for elucidating reaction mechanisms beyond the statistical description of processes on ground state potential energy surfaces.
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Using Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation in Post Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure (2004)

Background and Objectives:Cellular cardiomyoplasty (CCM) is considered to be a novel therapeutic approach for post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure. In this study, the functional effects of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation and the associated histopathologic changes were evaluated in a rat model of MI. Materials and Methods:Rats were subjected to 5 hours of coronary ligation followed by reperfusion, and 10 days after MI, animals were randomized into either the MSCs transplantation (MI-MSC, n=8) group or the control (n=8) group. Allogeneic MSCs (3×10 cells) or media were epicardially injected into the center and the border area of the infarct scar. Results:Four weeks after the MSCs transplantation, the echocardiogram showed preserved anterior regional wall motion and increases in fractional shortening in the MI-MSC heart relative to the control heart. Left ventricular (LV) end diastolic pressure was smaller in the MI-MSC than in the control group. Implanted MSCs formed islands of cell clusters on the border of the infarct scar, and the cells were positively immunostained by sarcomeric α-actinin and cardiac troponin T. In addition, the number of microvessels on the border area of the infarct scar was greater in the MI-MSC than in the control group. Conclusion:Allogeneic MSCs transplanted into the MI scar formed clusters of cell grafts on the border of the infarct, expressed cardiac muscle proteins, increased microvessel formation, and improved regional and global LV function. Our data indicate that CCM using MSCs may have a significant role in the treatment of post-MI heart failure. (Korean Circulation J 2004; 34(11):1113-1121)
Excretion of Ultraviolet-Absorbing Materials by Zygosaccharomyces soja Mutant (1964)

It was reported in preceding paper, 2) that several kinds of 5'-nucleotides were excreted by incubating resting intact cells of Zygosaccharomyces soja mutant in an alkaline medium in the presence of orthophosphate. That the presence of orthophosphate stimulated markedly the excretion of 5'-nucleo-tides suggested the responsibility of polynucleotide phosphorylase on autodegradation of endogenous RNA. Further verification to the responsibility of the enzyme on authodegradation of RNA was demonstrated in this report using cell-free extract of Z. soja mutant. Incubating the cell-free dialyzed preparation in an alkaline buffered medium, formation of several kinds of nucleotide was verified. The resemblance of the composition of excreted nucleotides to that of RNA degradation product was also observed. That orthophosphate and magnesium ions were verified to be essential for autodegradation of endogenous RNA indicated that polynucleotide phosphorylase mainly played a role in the autodegradation. The finding that nucleoside diphosphate could not be obtained as the degradation product of endogenous RNA by polynucleotide phosphorylase illustrated that the breakdown of nucleoside diphosphate formed was rapidly brought about by the action of pyrophosphatase present in cell-free preparation.
Relationship Between Fibrinopeptide A and Fibrinogen/Fibrin Fragment E in Thromboembolism, DIC and Various Non-Thromboembolic Diseases (1987)

Increased fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels have been reported in various non-thrombotic disorders, including cancer, acute myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis and collagen vascular diseases. To investigate the significance of these findings, the present study combined the radioimmunoassay of FPA with that of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation fragment E (FgE) in the aforementioned disorders and compared the results with those observed in healthy subjects as well as in patients with thromboembolism and overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Mean FPA and FgE in malignancy were 6.3 and 305 ng/ml, in myocardial infarction 5.6 and 98 ng/ml, in liver cirrhosis 2.7 and 132 ng/ml and in collagen vascular diseases 5.6 and 142 ng/ml. All these values were significantly higher than in healthy controls (mean FPA 1.6 ng/ml, mean FgE 49 ng/ml) but significantly lower than in thromboembolism (mean FPA 10.7 ng/ml, mean FgE 639 ng/ml). and DIC (mean FPA 22.0 ng/ml, mean FgE 1041 ng/ml). The overall correlation between FPA and FgE was highly significant. However, different disorders showed peculiar patterns in FPA, FgE and fibrinogen levels. In malignancy, a definite increase of FPA, FgE and plasma fibrinogen levels was observed. This finding probably indicates a compensated state of (intra- or extravascular) fibrin formation and lysis. Acute myocardial infarction was characterized by a high FPA to FgE ratio, which is interpreted to reflect acute thrombin generation and fibrin formation. FPA in cirrhosis was only marginally elevated with most single values within the normal range, indicating that intravascular coagulation was infrequent and unimportant in quantitative terms.
On the possible catalysis by single water molecules of gas-phase hydrogen abstraction reactions by OH radicals (2012)

The gas phase hydrogen abstraction reaction between OH and CY(2)XH, where X = H, F, OH, or NH(2) and Y = H, CH(3) or F, in the absence and presence of a single water molecule is investigated using both density function theory, B3LYP, and explicitly correlated coupled cluster theory, CCSD(T)-F12. We find that a single water molecule could have a catalytic effect at low temperatures possible in laboratory experiments, but does not seem to catalyze these reactions at 298 K, and will not play a role under relevant atmospheric conditions.
Can we ever charge Napster users? (2002)

We need a robust method to assure secure storage, retrieval, and transmission of such digital data, especially for mobile devices. This has become more apparent after hearing the high-profile story of Napster. This new type of music delivery service brought up issues of how to protect copyrighted data, particularly in the new generation of peer-to-peer distribution schemes. Furthermore, the rapid penetration of mobile phones worldwide suggests that downloading copyrighted data onto these portable devices is possible around the clock at any place. I primarily focus on the copyright management of Secure MultiMediaCards (SecureMMCs) to handle users' access to digital copyrighted data in a unique scheme called Super Distribution. Using SecureMMCs, Super Distribution technology can build legitimate peer-to-peer systems where copyrighted data are freely copied and exchanged, but users must obtain the right to use the data. Users may then be charged to reimburse the copyright holders. I also discuss Keltaide-Music, a mobile phone music distribution service using SecureMMCs.
A homologous series Pb2n+1Nb2n−1O7n−1studied by electron microscopy (1999)

The PbO–Nb2O5 phase diagram has been investigated, using electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), for [Pb]/[Nb] ratios between 1 and 1.25. Apart from the basic pyrochlore structure, different long period superstructures, forming a homologous series Pb2n+1Nb2n−1O7n−1 based on the pyrochlore structure have been found. Members with n = 5, 7, 9, 11 have been observed and their structure determined based on electron diffraction and HREM. Image simulations allow studying the influence of cation and oxygen vacancies in the basic structure. Ordering of oxygen vacancies could be detected while no cation vacancies are observed. Deviations from the perfect structure and ordered stacking defects are discussed.
Change in HIV-1 DNA tropism despite virological success in patients receiving an enfuvirtide-based regimen (2014)

IAME, UMR 1137, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75018 Paris, France; IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, F-75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, CHU Hotel-Dieu, Unite Fonctionnelle de Therapeutique en Immuno-Infectiologie, Paris, France; Universite Paris Descartes, EA 3620, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Hotel-Dieu, and EA 4271, University, Nantes, France; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 943, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 943, F-75013 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, Hopital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, INSERM U943 and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
Disease-Free Survival at 2 or 3 Years Correlates With 5-Year Overall Survival of Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2010)

Disease-free survival rates at 2 and 3 years correlate with and are potential intermediate surrogates for 5-year overall survival in patients treated with radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer regardless of adjuvant chemotherapy. These data warrant external validation and may expedite the development of adjuvant systemic therapy. In addition, they may be applicable to the neoadjuvant setting.
Recent development of studies on traditional Chinese medicine in prophylaxis and treatment of AIDS. (1992)

WHO statistics indicated that as of October 1, 1991 there were 418,403 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in the world, and an estimated 5-10 million persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were at risk of developing AIDS. 50% of AIDS victims have died. It has been reported that after 1 year of clinical use HIV could develop resistance to AZT (azidothymidine), the only effective drug used worlwide and recommended for clinical use by the US government. AIDS has also been treated by acupuncture and moxibustion which recent experiments have associated with improving immune function and enhancing resistance to disease. The American scientists Smith and Naomi Rabinowitz used acupuncture and moxibustion in the clinical treatment of AIDS from 1982 to 1988 when they treated 350 patients with AIDS and AIDS related complex. 1 advanced case with Kaposi's sarcoma and signs of hemorrhage was significantly improved after treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used successfully in treating cholera, syphilis, epidemic encephalitis, influenza, and hepatitis with a great variety of clinical treatment measures and experiences. In recent years the treatment of AIDS by TCM using herbs and their extracts has been increasing. Dr. Yu of Santa Barbara, California, Hospital, in cooperation with Dr. Chen of China, successfully treated on AIDS patient with Chinese herbal medicine. The patient was still living and well more than 2 years later when another 24 cases which were not treated with TCM died during the same period. In China there are no special laboratories dealing with the prevention and treatment of AIDS, although scientific HIV research could benefit from such activities. On the other hand, foreign scientists and Chinese abroad have accomplished a significant amount of relevant research.
Direct Deamination of Primary Amines by Water To Produce Alcohols (2013)

Just add water! The title reaction is catalyzed by an acridine-based pincer complex (1, see scheme). This one-step transformation uses water as the only reagent in the absence of additional bases, oxidants, or reductants. Cyclization of 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,6-diaminohexane catalyzed by 1 leads to the formation of pyrrolidine and azepane, respectively. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase B of Enterococcus faecalis. Characterization and Insights into Chemical Mechanism (1999)

Enterococcus faecalis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase B is a heterodimer of 28 and 33 kDa encoded by the pyrK and pyrDb genes. Both subunits copurify during all chromatographic steps, and, as determined by HPLC, one FMN and one FAD are bound per heterodimer. The enzyme catalyzes efficient oxidation of 4-S-NADH by orotate. Isotope effect and pH data suggest that reduction of flavin by NADH at the PyrK site is only partially rate limiting with no kinetically significant proton transfer occurring in the reductive half-reaction; therefore, a group exhibiting a pK of 5.7 +/- 0.2 represents a residue involved in binding of NADH rather than in catalysis. The reducing equivalents are shuttled between the NADH-oxidizing flavin in PyrK and the orotate-reacting flavin in PyrDb, by iron-sulfur centers through flavin semiquinones as intermediates. A solvent kinetic isotope effect of 2.5 +/- 0.2 on V is indicative of rate-limiting protonation in the oxidative half-reaction and most likely reflects the interaction between the isoalloxazine N1 of the orotate-reducing flavin and Lys 168 (by analogy with L. lactis DHODase A). The oxidative half-reaction is facilitated by deprotonation of the group(s) with pK(s) of 5.8-6.3 and reflects either deprotonation of the reduced flavin or binding of orotate; this step is followed by hydride transfer to C6 and general acid-assisted protonation (pK of 9.1 +/- 0.2) at C5 of the product.
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid – A Diagnostic Marker to Assess Human Orthodontic Tooth Movement (2015)

Introduction GCF is an inflammatory exudate containing host inflammatory cells, tissues, microbial dental plaque and serum. The GCF constituents have served as diagnostic markers of active tissue destruction in periodontal diseases [1-2], but only few studies have focussed their role in the invol
Defining the toxicology of aging (2014)

Mammalian aging is complex and incompletely understood. While significant effort has been spent addressing the genetics or, more recently, the pharmacology of aging, the toxicology of aging has been relatively understudied. Just as an understanding of `carcinogens' has proven critical to modern cancer biology, an understanding of environmental toxicants that accelerate aging (`gerontogens') will inform gerontology. In this review, we discuss the evidence for the existence of mammalian gerontogens, as well as describe biomarkers needed to measure the age-promoting activity of a given toxicant. We focus on the effects of putative gerontogens on the in vivo accumulation of senescent cells, a characteristic feature of aging that plays a causal role in some age-associated phenotypes.
Cover Set Problem in Directional Sensor Networks (2007)

A directional sensor network consists of a number of directional sensors, which can switch to several directions to extend their sensing ability to cover the interested targets in a given area. Because a directional sensor has a smaller angle of sensing range or even does not cover any target when it is deployed, how to cover the interested targets becomes a major problem in directional sensor networks. In this paper, we address the directional cover set problem (DCS) of finding a cover set in a directional sensor network, in which the directions cover all the targets. We propose both centralized and distributed algorithms for the DCS. We also introduce two applications that utilize these algorithms to extend the network work time while maximizing the coverage of the targets. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of these algorithms and the applications.
Strength of the electric field in apertureless near-field optical microscopy (2001)

Enhancement γ of the electrical field at the end of a tip relative to the incident field in a focused radiation beam is calculated by the finite-element time-domain (FETD) method. First, the reliability of the FETD method is established by calculating the electric field on simple structures like thin cylinders, spheres, and ellipsoids, and comparing the results with analytical solutions. The calculations on these test structures also reveal that phase retardation effects substantially modify γ when the size of the structure is larger than approximately λ/4, λ being the radiation wavelength. For plasmon resonance, in particular, phase retardation severely reduces the resonance and the expected field enhancement for a gold tip. The small value of γ=4 calculated by FETD is about an order of magnitude smaller than the value found in recent published work. Resonance effects can be recovered for special tips, which have a discontinuity or a different material composition at the end of the tip. Some tuning of the discontinuity dimension is needed to maximize the resonance. Under optimal conditions for plasmon resonance, an enhancement in the electric field of about 50 is calculated at the end of a small gold protrusion mounted on a wider silicon or glass tip.
Secondary aerosol formation during the dark oxidation of residential biomass burning emissions (2023)

Particulate matter from biomass burning emissions affects air quality, ecosystems and climate; however, quantifying these effects requires that the connection between primary emissions and secondary aerosol production is firmly established. We performed atmospheric simulation chamber experiments on the chemical oxidation of residential biomass burning emissions under dark conditions. Biomass burning organic aerosol was found to age under dark conditions, with its oxygen to carbon ratio increasing by 7-34% and producing 1-38 μg m<sup>-3</sup> of secondary organic aerosol (5-80% increase over the fresh organic aerosol) after 30 min of exposure to NO<sub>3</sub> radicals in the chamber (corresponding to 1-3 h of exposure to typical nighttime NO<sub>3</sub> radical concentrations in an urban environment). The average mass concentration of SOA formed under dark oxidation conditions was comparable to the mass concentration formed after 3 h (equivalent to 7-10 h of ambient exposure) under ultraviolet lights (6 μg m<sup>-3</sup> or a 47% increase over the emitted organic aerosol concentration). The dark aging experiments showed a substantial increase in secondary nitrate aerosol (0.12-3.8 μg m<sup>-3</sup>), 46-100% of which is in the form of organic nitrates. The biomass burning aerosol pH remained practically constant at 2.8 throughout the experiment. This value promotes inorganic nitrate partitioning to the particulate phase, potentially contributing to the buildup of nitrate aerosol in the boundary layer and enhancing long range transport. These results suggest that oxidation through reactions with the NO3 radical is an additional secondary aerosol formation pathway in biomass burning emission plumes that should be accounted for in atmospheric chemical-transport models.