gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intercostal muscle motor behavior during tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats (2016)

A respiratory load compensation response is characterized by increases in activation of primary respiratory muscles and/or recruitment of accessory respiratory muscles. The contribution of the external intercostal (EI) muscles, which are a primary respiratory muscle group, during normal and loaded breathing remains poorly understood in conscious animals. Consciousness has a significant role on modulation of respiratory activity, as it is required for the integration of behavioral respiratory responses and voluntary control of breathing. Studies of respiratory load compensation have been predominantly focused in anesthetized animals, which make their comparison to conscious load compensation responses challenging. Using our established model of intrinsic transient tracheal occlusions (ITTO), our aim was to evaluate the motor behavior of EI muscles during normal and loaded breathing in conscious rats. We hypothesized that 1) conscious rats exposed to ITTO will recruit the EI muscles with an increased electromyogram (EMG) activation and 2) repeated ITTO for 10 days would potentiate the baseline EMG activity of this muscle in conscious rats. Our results demonstrate that conscious rats exposed to ITTO respond by recruiting the EI muscle with a significantly increased EMG activation. This response to occlusion remained consistent over the 10-day experimental period with little or no effect of repeated ITTO exposure on the baseline ∫EI EMG amplitude activity. The pattern of activation of the EI muscle in response to an ITTO is discussed in detail. The results from the present study demonstrate the importance of EI muscles during unloaded breathing and respiratory load compensation in conscious rats.
Laser assisted soldering: Microdroplet accumulation with a microjet device (1998)

This preliminary study suggested that tissue soldering with successive microdroplets is feasible even with fixed laser parameters without active feedback control.
The number of cases, mortality and treatments of viral hemorrhagic fevers: A systematic review (2022)

We observed that number of cases and CFR varied greatly across VHFs as well as across countries within each VHF. The number of studies on VHF treatments was very limited with very few randomized trials and no strong proof of effectiveness of treatment against most of the VHFs. Therefore, there is a high need of methodologically strong clinical trials conducted in the context of VHF.
Gray-scale skeletonization of small vessels in magnetic resonance angiography (2000)

Interpretation of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is problematic due to complexities of vascular shape and to artifacts such as the partial volume effect. We present new methods to assist in the interpretation of MRA. These include methods for detection of vessel paths and for determination of branching patterns of vascular trees. They are based on the ordered region growing (ORG) algorithm that represents the image as an acyclic graph, which can be reduced to a skeleton by specifying vessel endpoints or by a pruning process. Ambiguities in the vessel branching due to vessel overlap are effectively resolved by heuristic methods that incorporate a priori knowledge of bifurcation spacing. Vessel paths are detected at interactive speeds on a 500-MHz processor using vessel endpoints. These methods apply best to smaller vessels where the image intensity peaks at the center of the lumen which, for the abdominal MRA, includes vessels whose diameter is less than 1 cm.
Application of multifractal analysis to the study of SAR features and oil spills on the ocean surface (2014)

Abstract. The use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to investigate the ocean surface provides a wealth of useful information that is very seldom used to its full potential. Here we will discuss the application of multifractal techniques to detect oil spills and the dynamic state of the sea regarding turbulent diffusion. We present different techniques in order to relate the shape of the multifractal spectral functions and the maximum fractal dimension to the behaviour of the ocean surface. We compare eddy and sheared dominated flows with convective driven flows and discuss the different features and observation methods. We also compare the scaling of different oil spills detected by means of SAR images. Recent spills and weathered ones are selected and compared to investigate their behaviour in different spatial and temporal ranges. We calculate the partition function based on the grey intensity value of each SAR pixel deriving several types of multifractal spectra as a function of spill residence time estimated for each image. Image manipulations are seen to reduce the speckle noise and thus distinguish much better the texture of the oil spill images. The results are used to discuss how eddy diffusivity may be estimated and used in a description of the ocean surface using a simple turbulence kinematic simulation model to predict the shape of oil spills. Differences in the multifractal spectrum among SAR images may detect the slicks due to plankton and also provide information on the age of the oil spills, on the Lagrangian turbulent structure and on ocean surface diffusivity.
Highly Confined Photon Transport in Subwavelength Metallic Slot Waveguides (2006)

We report experimental realization of subwavelength slot waveguides that exhibit both micrometer-range propagation and high spatial confinement of light. Attention is given to rectangular waveguides with a Si3N4 core and Ag cladding; core thicknesses of 50-100 nm and widths of 250 nm - 10 microm are explored. Propagation lengths of approximately 5lambda are achieved with light confined to lateral and transverse dimensions of approximately lambda/5 and approximately lambda/2, respectively. This unique combination of light localization and propagation is achieved via interacting surface plasmons, which produce short modal wavelengths and strong field confinement at each metal/dielectric interface.
Keeping Patient Data Secure in the Age of Radiology Artificial Intelligence: Cybersecurity Considerations and Future Directions (2023)

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions are increasingly being incorporated into radiology workflows. Implementation of AI comes along with cybersecurity risks and challenges that practices should be aware of and mitigate for a successful and secure deployment. In this article, these cybersecurity issues are examined through the lens of the "CIA" triad framework-confidentiality, integrity, and availability. We discuss the implications of implementation configurations and development approaches on data security and confidentiality and the potential impact that the insertion of AI can have on the truthfulness of data, access to data, and the cybersecurity attack surface. Finally, we provide a checklist to address important security considerations before deployment of an AI application, and discuss future advances in AI addressing some of these security concerns.
Abstract P4-13-01: Racial Disparities in the Incidence of Dose-limiting Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (2012)

Abstract Objective: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for dose-limiting chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in non-metastatic breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 488 women with an adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment plan with docetaxel or paclitaxel from June 1, 2009 to December 31, 2011. Exclusion criteria were: metastatic disease, previous neurotoxic chemotherapy, pre-existing neuropathy, pregnant or within 3 months post-partum, and prosthetic limb. The primary outcome was dose-limiting CIPN, defined as a treatment modification event (dose delay, dose reduction, or treatment discontinuation) attributed to CIPN. The primary risk factor of interest was obesity (BMI≥30). Covariates included race, age, menopausal status, diabetes, and other comorbidities, node status, tumor size, regimen, and oncologist. With 80% power and 0.05 type I error rate, the study could detect a risk ratio of 1.8 in the obese versus non-obese. Results: Fifty (10.2%) women had a treatment modification event attributed to CIPN (TM-CIPN). TM-CIPN incidence differed significantly by agent (docetaxel = 2.4% (N = 5/209), paclitaxel=16.1% (N = 45/279); p &amp;lt; 0.001). In analyses restricted to patients treated with paclitaxel with complete covariate data (N = 273), the odds of TM-CIPN did not differ by obesity, OR = 1.17 (95% CI 0.59–2.35). After adjusting for black race, menopausal status, disease severity, and type II diabetes the TM-CIPN and obesity association was attenuated. The attenuation occurred after adjustment for black race, which was a confounder of the obesity and TM-CIPN relationship, and associated with obesity (OR = 3.78, p = &amp;lt;0.001). Post-menopausal status, disease severity, and type II diabetes were associated with obesity, but were not confounders. Compared to whites, and after controlling for disease severity, menopausal status, and oncologist, blacks and other non-whites had significantly increased odds of CIPN-TM (OR = 2.5, p &amp;lt; 0.02; OR = 4.8, p &amp;lt; 0.01; respectively). Tests of homogeneity indicated the race and TM-CIPN association was not modified by oncologist or disease severity. Conclusion: Obese and non-obese women have a comparable likelihood of having their treatment modified due to CIPN. Women of racial minorities had over 2-to 4-fold increased odds of TM-CIPN compared to white women. Investigations addressing the mechanistic explanations for this association are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-01.
Global Benefits Versus Local Concerns: The Need for a Bird's Eye View of Nuclear Energy (1995)

We had a brief but shattering experience in 1973 during the embargo on Middle East oil.The effect of this experience confirmed the wisdom-indeed the necessity-of identifying and exploiting alternative energy sources-particularly for the long term.The most promising new source identified to date is nuclear-generated energy.-
Simulations of CO2 laser interaction with silica and comparison to experiments (2014)

International audience
Role of Inclusions, Surface Roughness and Operating Conditions on Rolling Contact Fatigue (1999)

Tests have been performed on a two-disk machine in order to evaluate the role of inclusions, surface roughness and operating conditions on rolling contact fatigue of AISI 52100 and M50 bearing steels. Important parameters—such as nature and location of inclusions, small and large wavelengths of surface roughness, normal loading or sliding conditions—on crack initiation and propagation stages have been identified. The operating conditions have been selected to encompass typical jet engine applications. Tests have been carried out up to 4.2 GPa, for two different surface finishes. Surface distress and sub-surface damage which could result in catastrophic failure have been observed. Indeed, surface initiated deep spalling (observed at 3.5 GPa for unpolished surfaces and under rolling plus sliding conditions) as well as sub-surface initiated deep spalling (at 4.2 GPa for polished specimens) have been observed. Sub-surface micro-cracks were detected early and followed during some interrupted tests by the means of an ultrasonic echographic device. Results of our experiments are analyzed and discussed in relation to the rolling contact fatigue theories.
Microdome-gooved Gd_2O_2S:Tb scintillator for flexible and high resolution digital radiography (2010)

A flexible microdome-grooved Gd(2)O(2)S:Tb scintillator is simulated, fabricated, and characterized for digital radiography applications. According to Monte Carlo simulation results, the dome-grooved structure has a high spatial resolution, which is verified by X-ray image performance of the scintillator. The proposed scintillator has lower X-ray sensitivity than a nonstructured scintillator but almost two times higher spatial resolution at high spatial frequency. Through evaluation of the X-ray performance of the fabricated scintillators, we confirm that the microdome-grooved scintillator can be applied to next-generation flexible digital radiography systems requiring high spatial resolution.
Errata for GPU-Efficient Recursive Filtering and Summed-Area Tables (2014)

No abstract available.
Effect of nano-crystallization of high velocity oxy-fuel-sprayed amorphous NiCrBSi alloy on properties of the coatings (2004)

NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy coatings were deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. Annealing treatment was applied to the as-sprayed coatings to develop the microstructure of the Ni-based coating. The microstructure of the coating was characterized using optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The crystallization behavior of the amorphous coating was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of the coating were characterized by microhardness and abrasive wear tests. The results showed that the as-sprayed HVOF coating deposited by well melted spray particles exhibited a dense microstructure of amorphous phase. It was revealed that the crystallization of the amorphous phase in HVOF NiCrBSi coating occurs at a temperature of about 502°C. Annealing at temperature a little higher than recrystallization temperature leads to the formation of the nano-crystalline microstructure. The subsequent nanostructured Ni-based coating presents higher microhardness and excellent wear performance. With the further increase in annealing temperature, the growth of the nano-crystalline grains occurs and, accordingly, the microhardness of the coating and the wear performance decrease. Thereafter, the microstructure and properties of the Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating can be controlled through postannealing treatment.
Sex differences in dopamine receptor overproduction and elimination (1997)

Density of dopamine D1 and D2 family receptors was assessed using autoradiography in male and female rats from 25 to 120 days of age, focusing on transitions through puberty into full adulthood. Males had greater overproduction (approximately 4.6-fold) and elimination of striatal D1 and D2 receptors than females, though their adult densities were very similar. Males had more extensive overproduction of D1 receptors in nucleus accumbens and sustained a greater density into adulthood (57.8 +/- 21.2%). These results have implications for understanding gender differences in the prevalence of clinical disorders associated with dopamine.
Synthesis of 4‐Quinolones: N,O‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide‐Mediated Cyclization with Cleavage of Aromatic C–O Bond (2016)

Abstract The synthesis of 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline derivatives (4‐quinolones) based on a BSA [ N , O ‐bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide]‐mediated cyclization of substituted 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐(alkyl/arylamino)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones is described. The reaction belongs to a rare set of cyclizations in which a methoxy group serves as the leaving group. Reaction takes place by the action of silylating agent under mild conditions and provides high yields of pure products following simple aqueous work‐up. The versatility of the approach is exemplified by a wide range of 1‐alkyl/aryl 3‐carboxylates and 3‐nitriles that have been prepared. A crucial advantage of this approach is the facile availability of starting methoxy compounds enabling new synthetic possibilities as well as improved cost efficiency.
Adaptive droop-based voltage control in multi-terminal dc systems (2017)

This paper presents a modified droop-based control for dc voltage restoration in a Multi-Terminal dc (MTdc) system of parallel-operated buck converters. The proposed control structure is introduced to a proportional-derivative (PD) droop controller, which realises the active power - dc voltage droop control method. The additional control structure consists of an adaptive integrator, which decreases the voltage static error of the PD droop controller. The achieved voltage restoration architecture is thus fully decentralised and therefore does not depend on communication nor relies on additional secondary controllers. The integrator gain is adaptive through a scheduling schema and a switching schema. The former decouples the dynamics of the voltage restoration controller from those of the PD droop controller. The latter facilitates the simultaneous fulfilment of the constraints on voltage and power deviations. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed control structure.
Developing a portable NRL fast frame rate seeing monitor (2004)

We describe the development of a portable NRL seeing monitor which consists of a 12 inch Meade f/10 telescope with a Dalsa Cad6 260x260 camera having 10 micron pixels. This seeing monitor is capable of up to 700 frames per second. We have three different techniques to measure Fried's r0 parameter: full aperture, two-hole mask, and two-hole mask with in-line intensifier. For the observations done at the Anderson Mesa, Arizona site in January-July 2004, we present comparison of Fried's r0 obtained. Calibration, observing techniques, and data analysis techniques are described. Comparison of the three different techniques is discussed.
Relationship between Resilient Modulus and Unconfined Compressive Strength for Lime-Stabilized Soils (2013)

This technical note assesses the widely accepted Thompson’s equation used to approximate design resilient modulus (Mr) for lime-stabilized soils from the results of unconfined compressive strength (qu) testing. There is limited evidence in the literature to support Thompson’s equation relating qu and Mr for lime-stabilized soils, and other studies have suggested that the relationship provides an excessively conservative approximation for design Mr, specifically above qu=1,000 kPa. Laboratory Mr and qu testing was performed on multiple specimens of three lime-stabilized soils. These data reveal that Thompson’s equation provides a lower-bound estimate of Mr from qu and that Little’s recommended relationship provides a more reasonable match to the data. This study also illustrated a lack of a clear correlation between Mr and qu.
Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI2 Inclusion Formation (2023)

Abstract Excess lead(II) iodide (PbI 2 ) has controversial roles in affecting the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Since the photoinstability of PbI 2 is now known to largely accelerate perovskite degradation, suppressing and/or eliminating excess PbI 2 is key to improving the stability of PSCs. Herein, process‐dependent PbI 2 formation on the surfaces of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI 3 ) films is examined. Due to the faster evaporation rate of organic substances, crystalline PbI 2 as an inclusion is found within the triple junction grain boundaries. With this hypothesis, two strategies are suggested: control of the 1) vapor pressure and 2) stoichiometry of precursor solutions to induce sufficient reaction of FAPbI 3 . Although both strategies successfully eliminate the PbI 2 as inclusions, due to the slower evaporation rate, vapor pressure control films also exhibit a larger grain size (≈1.18 µm) with a good film quality to attain the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.5%. Furthermore, the phase stability of α ‐FAPbI 3 is improved due to the elimination of the degradation sites induced by the photoinstability of PbI 2 . The findings explore the formation process of unwanted PbI 2 (≈2.8%) and provide a simple method to effectively suppress its formation. This may further boost the PCE and stability, especially for FA‐based perovskites.
Chronic neural stimulation with thin-film, iridium oxide electrodes (2000)

Experiments were conducted to assess the effect of chronic stimulation on the electrical properties of the electrode-tissue system, as measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Silicon, micromachined probes with multiple iridium oxide stimulating electrodes (400-1600 micron 2) were implanted in guinea pig cortex. A 10-17 day post-operative recovery period was followed by five days of monopolar stimulation, two hours/electrode each day using biphasic, constant current stimulation (5-100 microA, 100 microseconds/phase). EIS and CV data were taken before and after stimulation. The post-stimulation impedance [at mid-range frequencies (100 Hz-100 kHz)] consistently and significantly decreased relative to prestimulation levels. Impedance magnitude increased permanently at low frequencies (< 100 Hz), correlating to a change in the charge storage capacity (the area under a cyclic voltammagram). Impedance magnitude significantly increased during the recovery period, though this increase could be mostly reversed by applying small currents. A mathematical model of the electrode-tissue system impedance was used to analyze in vivo behavior. The data and modeling results shows that applying charge to the electrode can consistently reduce the impedance of the electrode-tissue system. Analysis of explanted probes suggests that the interaction between the tissue and electrode is dependent on whether chronic pulses were applied. It is hypothesized that the interface between the tissue and metal is altered by current pulsing, resulting in a temporary impedance shift.
Long-Term Studies of Urease-Induced Crystallization in Human Urine (1994)

Urine samples were inoculated with viable Proteus mirabilis or purified Jack bean urease. The subsequent pH increase and crystallization were followed for 2 weeks. Particle formation was detected much earlier and at a lower pH in urines inoculated with Proteus, in which a higher end pH was also reached. The crystal configuration in bacteria and urease inoculated samples was different. Crystal aggregation was also much more pronounced in the Proteus mirabilis inoculated samples. The total precipitation was markedly increased in the Proteus mirabilis inoculated samples. The presence of live Proteus mirabilis thus has a profound influence on urease-induced crystallization in human urine. Despite the formation of rather large crystal aggregates in the Proteus-inoculated urines, no firm aggregates of a "prestone" type were observed.
Treatment of Rodent Liver Tumor With Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (2009)

Clinical MRI allowed monitoring of CA4P-related vascular shutdown, necrosis, and neovascularization of liver tumors in rats. Single dose of CA4P seemed insufficient for tumor eradication because of evident peripheral residue and recurrence.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Its Impact on Human Health (2022)

Aging is associated with increased mutational burden in every tissue studied. Occasionally, fitness-increasing mutations will arise, leading to stem cell clonal expansion. This process occurs in several tissues but has been best studied in blood. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with an increased risk of blood cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia, which result if additional cooperating mutations occur. Surprisingly, it is also associated with an increased risk of nonmalignant diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This may be due to enhanced inflammation in mutated innate immune cells, which could be targeted clinically with anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent studies have uncovered other factors that predict poor outcomes in patients with clonal hematopoiesis, such as size of the mutant clone, mutated driver genes, and epigenetic aging. Though clonality is inevitable and largely a function of time, recent work has shown that inherited genetic variation can also influence this process. Clonal hematopoiesis provides a paradigm for understanding how age-related changes in tissue stem cell composition and function influence human health.