gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterial and Human Ferrous Nitrobindins: Spectroscopic and Reactivity Properties (2021)

Structural and functional properties of ferrous <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mt</i>-Nb) and human (<i>Hs</i>-Nb) nitrobindins (Nbs) were investigated. At pH 7.0 and 25.0 °C, the unliganded Fe(II) species is penta-coordinated and unlike most other hemoproteins no pH-dependence of its coordination was detected over the pH range between 2.2 and 7.0. Further, despite a very open distal side of the heme pocket (as also indicated by the vanishingly small geminate recombination of CO for both Nbs), which exposes the heme pocket to the bulk solvent, their reactivity toward ligands, such as CO and NO, is significantly slower than in most hemoproteins, envisaging either a proximal barrier for ligand binding and/or crowding of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules in the distal side of the heme pocket which impairs ligand binding to the heme Fe-atom. On the other hand, liganded species display already at pH 7.0 and 25 °C a severe weakening (in the case of CO) and a cleavage (in the case of NO) of the proximal Fe-His bond, suggesting that the ligand-linked movement of the Fe(II) atom onto the heme plane brings about a marked lengthening of the proximal Fe-imidazole bond, eventually leading to its rupture. This structural evidence is accompanied by a marked enhancement of both ligands dissociation rate constants. As a whole, these data clearly indicate that structural-functional relationships in Nbs strongly differ from what observed in mammalian and truncated hemoproteins, suggesting that Nbs play a functional role clearly distinct from other eukaryotic and prokaryotic hemoproteins.
Optical camouflage III: Auto-stereoscopic and multiple-view display system using retro-reflective projection technology (2012)

This paper presents a new type of optical camouflage system based on the retro-reflective projection technology. Retro-reflective projection is a method used to create augmented reality that combines the virtual world with the real world. The conventional model of an optical camouflage system consists of a retro-reflective screen, a projection source and a beam splitter. In such a setup, the user needs to observe an object covered with the retro-reflective screen through a single viewpoint. This is called a monocular system. In our new setup, our aim is to construct a system that has multiple viewpoints by applying a novel projection array system. We will describe the method with which this projection array system is achieved using one projection source, the configuration of the system, and the trade-offs of the system. In addition, we will describe an application of our system in a car. The installed system makes the backseat virtually transparent, allowing the driver to see the blind spots at the rear when reversing the car.
Stacked Pooling: Improving Crowd Counting by Boosting Scale Invariance (2018)

In this work, we explore the cross-scale similarity in crowd counting scenario, in which the regions of different scales often exhibit high visual similarity. This feature is universal both within an image and across different images, indicating the importance of scale invariance of a crowd counting model. Motivated by this, in this paper we propose simple but effective variants of pooling module, i.e., multi-kernel pooling and stacked pooling, to boost the scale invariance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), benefiting much the crowd density estimation and counting. Specifically, the multi-kernel pooling comprises of pooling kernels with multiple receptive fields to capture the responses at multi-scale local ranges. The stacked pooling is an equivalent form of multi-kernel pooling, while, it reduces considerable computing cost. Our proposed pooling modules do not introduce extra parameters into model and can easily take place of the vanilla pooling layer in implementation. In empirical study on two benchmark crowd counting datasets, the stacked pooling beats the vanilla pooling layer in most cases.
Two-dimensional wavelet flocculation analysis of fibre suspensions and paper sheets (2006)

An image analysis method is described, based on a two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform, for the study of fibre Suspension flocculation. Images of a fibre Suspension are cross-correlated with two-dimensional Mexican hat wavelets. The inner fibre floc structure information can be obtained by comparing the signals after the transforms using different scales of the two-dimensional Mexican hat wavelets. Centres of fibre floes can be obtained by finding the local maximum signal peaks in the transform. Simulated floes images and real fibre suspension images are analysed with the wavelet transform as well as quantification of sheet structure in paper sheets. Some applications of this image analysis method are also discussed.
Antipili antibody affords protection against ascending pyelonephritis in rat: evaluated by renal brush border membrane enzymes. (1987)

Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of renal brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes alkaline phosphatase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were worked out in control, infected and immunized-infected rats. There was no significant change in the Km of all the enzymes studied in three groups. The Vmax of all the enzymes studied decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 3 or 4 days postinfection and onwards in the left obstructed kidney of infected and immunised-infected animals. However, in the right unobstructed kidney the Vmax of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the early stages and decreased (p less than 0.05) in later stages in both the experimental groups. The significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the Vmax of infected and immunized-infected groups at various stages of infection revealed the partial protective role of antipili antibody against ascending pyelonephritis.
Call Dropping Probability of Next Generation Wireless Cellular Networks with Mobile Relay Station (2010)

It is foreseen that the next generation of wireless cellular network would integrate the relaying scheme. In the relaying scheme, user equipments (UEs) are not only able to communicate directly to the base station (BS) but can also use some relay stations (RSs) to relay their data to the BS. In this paper, we analyze the Call Dropping Probability performance based on the variation in received signal power over distance due to path loss and shadowing. We mainly focus on the scenario in which RSs are fitted on a fast-moving train to cover UEs on the train and improve the communication quality of conventional wireless cellular networks along the railway. By comparing with conventional wireless cellular network without relaying, the results show that under certain conditions mobile relays offer tangible Call Dropping Probability performance improvement benefits.
Gene therapy for proliferative ocular diseases (2004)

Proliferative ocular diseases encompass a wide variety of pathological processes with adverse cellular differentiation, proliferation and migration as common features. Pathologies may involve neovascular responses associated with diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity or age-related macular degeneration. These diseases are quite prevalent and account for substantial visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Although treatment strategies are largely surgical, advances in our understanding of the proteins crucial to cell transdifferentiation, proliferation and migration, along with better gene transfer techniques, have greatly increased the potential for biological treatment options. In this report, the most common proliferative ocular vascular diseases and existing therapeutic modalities will be reviewed and an overview of possible gene therapy options will be discussed, along with potential candidate genes.
Mlo, a Modulator of Plant Defense and Cell Death, Is a Novel Calmodulin-binding Protein (2002)

Transient influx of Ca(2+) constitutes an early event in the signaling cascades that trigger plant defense responses. However, the downstream components of defense-associated Ca(2+) signaling are largely unknown. Because Ca(2+) signals are mediated by Ca(2+)-binding proteins, including calmodulin (CaM), identification and characterization of CaM-binding proteins elicited by pathogens should provide insights into the mechanism by which Ca(2+) regulates defense responses. In this study, we isolated a gene encoding rice Mlo (Oryza sativa Mlo; OsMlo) using a protein-protein interaction-based screening of a cDNA expression library constructed from pathogen-elicited rice suspension cells. OsMlo has a molecular mass of 62 kDa and shares 65% sequence identity and scaffold topology with barley Mlo, a heptahelical transmembrane protein known to function as a negative regulator of broad spectrum disease resistance and leaf cell death. By using gel overlay assays, we showed that OsMlo produced in Escherichia coli binds to soybean CaM isoform-1 (SCaM-1) in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. We located a 20-amino acid CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) in the OsMlo C-terminal cytoplasmic tail that is necessary and sufficient for Ca(2+)-dependent CaM complex formation. Specific binding of the conserved CaMBD to CaM was corroborated by site-directed mutagenesis, a gel mobility shift assay, and a competition assay with a Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent enzyme. Expression of OsMlo was strongly induced by a fungal pathogen and by plant defense signaling molecules. We propose that binding of Ca(2+)-loaded CaM to the C-terminal tail may be a common feature of Mlo proteins.
Pharmacogenomics: accessing important alleles by imputation from commercial genome-wide SNP arrays (2014)

Personalized medicine is becoming a medical reality, as important genotype-phenotype relationships are being unraveled. The availability of pharmacogenomic data is a key element of individualized care. In this study, we explored genotype imputation as a means to infer important pharmacogenomic alleles from a regular commercially available genome-wide SNP array. Using these arrays as a starting point can reduce testing costs, increasing access to these pharmacogenomic data and still retain a larger amount of genome-wide information. IMPUTE2 and MaCH-Admix were used to perform genotype imputation with a dense reference panel from 1000 Genomes data. We were able to correctly infer genotypes for the warfarin-related loci VKORC1 and CYP2C9 alleles 2, 3, 5, and 11 and also clopidogrel-related CYP2C19 alleles 2 and 17 for a small sample of Brazilian individuals, as well as for HapMap samples. The success of an imputation approach in admixed samples using publicly available reference panels can encourage further imputation initiatives in those populations.
Long-term maintenance of reduced intraocular pressure by daily or twice daily topical application of prostaglandins to cat or rhesus monkey eyes. (1983)

Substantial evidence indicates that a single topical application of prostaglandins (PGs) can reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes of several species. However, earlier literature, dealing with ocular hypertensive and inflammatory responses, shows the development of tachyphylaxis to subsequent doses of PGs. If similar tolerance developed to the ocular hypotensive effects of PGs, it would preclude the use of these agents in the treatment of chronic glaucoma. The present study shows, however, that although tachyphylaxis to the ocular hypotensive effects of PGs develops in rabbits, this is not a typical response among mammals. Significant IOP reduction was maintained in cats for up to 9 months by topical application of PGE2 at 12-, 24-, or 48-hr intervals. The IOP reduction was jeopardized seriously only when the PG was applied every other day for several days or when, on a few occasions, 3 days were allowed to elapse between PGE2 applications. Ocular hypotension was also maintained during the course of topical treatment of rhesus monkey eyes with PGF2 alpha. Short periods of pupillary constriction followed the application of each dose of PGF2 alpha to cat eyes, but the miotic response of rhesus monkeys to PGF2 alpha and cats to PGF2 was negligible. Other apparent side effects were noted, but none of these were severe or progressive. These results clearly demonstrate that tachyphylaxis, or tolerance, is not expected to present an obstacle to the development of eicosanoids and/or their derivatives as therapeutic agents for the long-term treatment of ocular hypertension and chronic glaucoma.
Development of a multicomponent method forFusariumtoxins using LC-MS/MS and its application during a survey for the content of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol in various feed and food samples (2005)

A reliable, sensitive and selective method was developed to determine different Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes Type A and B, zearalenone) simultaneously in cereals and cereal-based samples using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Sample preparation is based on a standard solvent extraction step followed by two different kinds of solid-phase clean-up procedures: using a multifunctional MycoSep material for trichothecenes and zearalenone. The average recoveries for trichothecenes ranged from 65% for nivalenol (NIV) up to 96% for deoxynivalenol (DON) and 89% for zearalenone (ZON). The limit of quantification varied between 0.02 and 10 ppb for each substance. In addition, a screening survey with 685 samples was carried out to compare contents of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol and to investigate potential coherence in contamination pattern.
Differential Activation of Insulin Receptor Isoforms by Insulin-Like Growth Factors Is Determined by the C Domain (2005)

The actions of IGF-I and IGF-II are thought to be largely due to their activation of the IGF-I receptor. However, IGF-II can also bind with high affinity to, and effectively activate, an isoform of the insulin receptor (IR-A) that lacks a sequence at the carboxyl-terminal end of the extracellular alpha subunit due to the alternative splicing of exon 11. This isoform is poorly activated by IGF-I. Here, we show that IGF-II, but not IGF-I, induces potent autophosphorylation of residues Y1158, Y1162, and Y1163 in the activation loop of the kinase domain and tyrosine 960 in the juxtamembrane region of both IR-A and IR-B (exon 11+) isoforms. We have also found, by using IGF chimeras, that the C domain of IGF-II completely accounts for the ability of IGF-II to stimulate IR autophosphorylation compared with IGF-I. We further show that the C domains are responsible for the differential abilities of IGF-II and IGF-I to activate phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt, as well as their ability to induce migration and cell survival via the IR-A. Finally, we show for the first time that IGF signaling through the IR-A can protect cells from butyrate-induced apoptosis. In summary, our studies define the structural determinants that allow potent IGF-II signaling and regulation of cellular functions through the IR-A and provide novel insights into IGF signaling via the IR.
Comparative study of statistical breakdown in mineral, synthetic and natural ester oils under AC voltage (2012)

This paper reports on a comparative study of statistical Breakdown Voltage (BDV) in mineral oils, natural esters (vegetable oils) issued from different origins, and one synthetic ester through the measurements of 32 BDV using spherical electrode under AC voltage according to main lines of IEC 60156 specifications. The Normal and Weibull distribution functions are used to analyze and estimate the BDV probability of these oils. The hypothesis testing is then used to select the distribution functions suitability. We mainly analyze the histogram, frequency, mean, standard deviation and estimate the BDV probability of the sample population. The considered liquids are three different mineral oils (MO3', MO4' and MO5), one synthetic ester (SE1) and three different natural esters (VO2, VO3 and VO4). It's shown that the measured BDV data follow better Normal than Weibull distribution. Basing on the BDV at the levels of risk 1%, 10% and 50% probability for U1%, U10% and U50%, the dielectric withstand of ester oils, under AC, homogeneous field and small gap, is slightly better compared to mineral oils. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method is also used to analyse the BDV variance of tested oils.
Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Amines (1997)

Reactions of nitric oxide (NO) with amines in organic solvents were studied using Hantzsch dihydropyridines and aromatic primary amines as substrates. Hantzsch dihydropyridines are readily oxidized by nitric oxide to give the corresponding pyridines in quantitative yields. The addition of oxygen accelerates the reaction rate considerably. On the other hand, aromatic primary amines give deaminated products by the reaction with nitric oxide only in the presence of oxygen in ethereal solvents or chloroform.
A New Model System for Studying Androgen-Induced Growth and Morphogenesisin Vitro: The Bulbourethral Gland* (1987)

An organ culture system was devised for neonatal mouse bulbourethral glands (BUGs) in which androgen-dependent development parallels that in vivo. BUGs from 0-day-old (day of birth) mice were grown on Millipore filters placed on metal grids in petri dishes for 3 or 6 days in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-Ham's F-12 medium (1:1) containing 10% fetal bovine serum. In medium supplemented with testosterone (T; 10(-7) or 10(-8) M), growth and epithelial morphogenesis of the cultured BUGs were comparable to those of the gland in situ. At lower doses of T (10(-9) -10(-12) M), BUGs showed dose-dependent decreases in the rate of growth and degree of epithelial morphogenesis. BUGs cultured without T contained only 38% as much DNA as those in T-supplemented medium, and epithelial morphogenesis did not occur. Thus, BUG development in vitro was dependent on androgens. The continued, albeit reduced, growth in cultures without T indicates that growth is also partially independent of androgens, but epithelial branching morphogenesis is totally dependent on this hormone. Growth and epithelial morphogenesis were reinitiated in glands that had developed in the absence of T, either in vivo or in vitro, by culturing the BUGs for 3 days in T-containing medium. The growth of BUGs in a serum-free medium with or without T paralleled that in comparable serum-containing cultures in vitro and in normal and castrated animals in situ. Coincubation of BUGs with T and 390 MSD (17 beta-N,N-diisopropylcarbamoyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one), an inhibitor of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase, resulted in retarded development, indicating that T must be converted to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to promote normal BUG growth. Additionally, DHT (10(-8) M) alone could substitute for T in promoting BUG development. Thus, DHT must be the proximal androgen for BUG growth. The BUG is an excellent model system for examining androgen-dependent development and should be useful for studying epithelial morphogenesis, growth, and hormonal effects in vitro.
Commercial scale production of RvD4 opens the resolving door to new research (2018)

Treatment with exogenous RvD4 reveals pro-resolving actions and suggests future therapies for treatment of acute inflammatory diseases.
Melanocortin 1 receptor genotype: an important determinant of the damage response of melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation (2010)

The melanocortin 1 receptor gene is a main determinant of human pigmentation, and a melanoma susceptibility gene, because its variants that are strongly associated with red hair color increase melanoma risk. To test experimentally the association between melanocortin 1 receptor genotype and melanoma susceptibility, we compared the responses of primary human melanocyte cultures naturally expressing different melanocortin 1 receptor variants to α-melanocortin and ultraviolet radiation. We found that expression of 2 red hair variants abolished the response to α-melanocortin and its photoprotective effects, evidenced by lack of functional coupling of the receptor, and absence of reduction in ultraviolet radiation-induced hydrogen peroxide generation or enhancement of repair of DNA photoproducts, respectively. These variants had different heterozygous effects on receptor function. Microarray data confirmed the observed differences in responses of melanocytes with functional vs. nonfunctional receptor to α-melanocortin and ultraviolet radiation, and identified DNA repair and antioxidant genes that are modulated by α-melanocortin. Our findings highlight the molecular mechanisms by which the melanocortin 1 receptor genotype controls genomic stability of and the mutagenic effect of ultraviolet radiation on human melanocytes.
Immunochemical cross-reactions between pentraxins of different species. (1987)

Monospecific antisera were raised by immunization with pentraxins, C-reactive protein (CRP) or serum amyloid P component (SAP), that had been isolated from man and a number of different vertebrate species. These antisera were used to test sera or serous fluids from a range of other vertebrate species and also some invertebrates. Cross-reactions between species were comparatively rare but were seen among primates and among ruminants. There was also cross-reactivity between these two groups. Antisera to plaice pentraxins did not react with sera from higher vertebrates but did recognize antigens in sera from other flat fish. No cross-reactivity was observed between CRP and SAP either within or between species despite the known homologies of amino acid sequence and similarities of structure within the family. Several reactions occurred with sera in which either CRP or SAP had previously not been sought or in which only preliminary investigations had been performed. The proteins detected were: CRP in goat, cow, sheep, cat and lemon sole; SAP in monkey and dab. These findings significantly extend the range of species in which pentraxins are known to be present.
A Bayesian treatment of the stereo correspondence problem using half-occluded regions (2003)

A half-occluded region in a stereo pair is a set of pixels in one image representing points in space visible to that camera or eye only, and not to the other. These occur typically as parts of the background immediately to the left and right sides of nearby occluding objects, and are present in most natural scenes. Previous approaches to stereo either ignored these unmatchable points or attempted to weed them out in a second pass. An algorithm that incorporates them from the start as a strong clue to depth discontinuities is presented. The authors first derive a measure for goodness of fit and a prior based on a simplified model of objects in space, which leads to an energy functional depending both on the depth as measured from a central cyclopean eye and on the regions of points occluded from the left and right eye perspectives. They minimize this using dynamic programming along epipolar lines followed by annealing in both dimensions. Experiments indicate that this method is very effective even in difficult scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Autosomal dominant rolandic epilepsy with speech dyspraxia. (2000)

Autosomal Dominant Rolandic Epilepsy with Speech Dyspraxia (ADRESD) is a rare disorder which highlights the relationship between Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE) and speech and language disorders. Subtle speech and language disorders have recently been well characterised in BRE. ADRESD is associated with long term, more severe speech and language difficulties. The time course of rolandic epilepsy in ADRESD is typical of that of BRE. ADRESD is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with anticipation. It is postulated that the anticipation may be due to an, as yet unidentified, triplet repeat expansion in a gene for rolandic epilepsy. BRE follows complex inheritance but it is possible that ADRESD may hold some valuable clues to the pathogenesis of BRE.