gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoflavone, and phenobarbital on the 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible isozyme of cytochrome P-450 within centrilobular, midzonal, and periportal hepatocytes. (1982)

Rabbit antiserum produced against cytochrome P-450 MC-B, the major isozyme of cytochrome P-450 isolated from hepatic microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats, was utilized in unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase and indirect fluorescent antibody staining techniques to investigate the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, P-naphthoflavone, and phenobarbital on the hemeprotein within centrilobular, midzonal, and periportal hepatocytes in livers of male rats.In livers of untreated and vehicle-pretreated rats, midzonal and periportal hepatocytes were found to bind the anti-cytochrome P-450 MC-B t o equal extents while centrilobular hepatocytes bound approximately 25% more antibody.Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital did not result in alterations in either the intensity or pattern of immunohistochemical staining for cytochrome P-450 MC-B within the liver lobule.In livers of rats which had been pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, microfluorometric analyses revealed that the extent of anti-cytochrome P-450 MC-B binding increased by approximately 215% within both the midzonal and periportal regions of the lobule and by approximately 150% within centrilobular regions.Pretreatment of rats with p-naphthoflavone resulted in alterations in the hemeprotein which were similar to those produced by 3-methylcholanthrene. Thus, after rats had been pretreated with either 3-methylcholanthrene or 8-naphthoflavone, the pattern of intralobular distibution of cytochrome P-450 MC-B was altered so that the antibody bound to approximately equal extents to hepatocytes within the three regions of the lobule.These results demonstrate that 3-methylcholanthrene and P-naphthoflavone exert similar inductive effects on cytochrome P-450 MC-B within the liver lobule, with the least degree of induction of the hemeprotein being produced within centrilobular hepatocytes.Extensive evidence has been presented for the presence of several isozymes of cytochrome P-450 within hepatocytes (1- 5).The different forms of the hemeprotein are associated with microsomal, nuclear, and mitochondrial membranes where they mediate the oxidative metabolism of a multitude of
(Table 1) Micro-inclusion counts and ion concentrations in the five GRIP ice-core sections (2009)

We provide the first direct evidence that a number of water-soluble compounds, in particular calcium sulfate (CaSO4 2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are present as solid, micron-sized inclusions within the Greenland GRIP ice core. The compounds are detected by two independent methods: micro-Raman spectroscopy of a solid ice sample, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of individual inclusions remaining after sublimation. CaSO4 2H2O is found in abundance throughout the Holocene and the last glacial period, while CaCO3 exists mainly in the glacial period ice. We also present size and spatial distributions of the micro-inclusions. These results suggest that water-soluble aerosols in the GRIP ice core are dependable proxies for past atmospheric conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNELATION WITH N‐ARYLSULPHIMIDES, SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,4‐BENZOXADIAZINES (1974)

Abstract Die N‐Aryl‐S,S‐dimethyl‐sulfimide (I) reagieren mit dem Nitriloxid (II) in Methylen= Chlorid bei Raumtemperatur zu den Benzoxadiazinen (III) und Dimethylsulfid (IV).
Nickel uptake and utilization by microorganisms (2003)

Nickel is an essential nutrient for selected microorganisms where it participates in a variety of cellular processes. Many microbes are capable of sensing cellular nickel ion concentrations and taking up this nutrient via nickel-specific permeases or ATP-binding cassette-type transport systems. The metal ion is specifically incorporated into nickel-dependent enzymes, often via complex assembly processes requiring accessory proteins and additional non-protein components, in some cases accompanied by nucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis. To date, nine nickel-containing enzymes are known: urease, NiFe-hydrogenase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase, methyl coenzyme M reductase, certain superoxide dismutases, some glyoxylases, aci-reductone dioxygenase, and methylenediurease. Seven of these enzymes have been structurally characterized, revealing distinct metallocenter environments in each case.
Visualization of Oxytocin Release that Mediates Paired Pulse Facilitation in Hypothalamic Pathways to Brainstem Autonomic Neurons (2014)

Recent work has shown that oxytocin is involved in more than lactation and uterine contraction. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains neuroendocrine neurons that control the release of hormones, including vasopressin and oxytocin. Other populations of PVN neurons do not release hormones, but rather project to and release neurotransmitters onto other neurons in the CNS involved in fluid retention, thermoregulation, sexual behavior and responses to stress. Activation of oxytocin receptors can be cardioprotective and reduces the adverse cardiovascular consequences of anxiety and stress, yet how oxytocin can affect heart rate and cardiac function is unknown. While anatomical work has shown the presence of peptides, including oxytocin, in the projections from the PVN to parasympathetic nuclei, electrophysiological studies to date have only demonstrated release of glutamate and activation of fast ligand gated receptors in these pathways. In this study, using rats, we directly show, using sniffer CHO cells that express oxytocin receptors and the Ca2+ indicator R-GECO, that optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing PVN fibers in the brainstem activates oxytocin receptors in the dorsomotor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV). We also demonstrate that while a single photoactivation of PVN terminals only activates glutamatergic receptors in brainstem cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs), neurons that dominate the neural control of heart rate, both the paired pulse facilitation, and sustained enhancement of glutamate release in this pathway is mediated by activation of oxytocin receptors. Our results provide direct evidence that a pathway from the PVN likely releases oxytocin and enhances short-term plasticity of this critical autonomic connection.
Allosteric regulatory step and configuration of the ATP-binding pocket in atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase transduction mechanism (2001)

The atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) signal transduction mechanism consists of the transformation of the signal information into the production of cyclic GMP. The binding of ANF to its receptor, which is also a guanylate cyclase, generates the signal. This cyclase has been termed atrial natriuretic factor receptor guanylate cyclase, ANF-RGC. ANF-RGC is a single transmembrane-spanning protein. The ANF receptor domain resides in the extracellular region of the protein, and the catalytic domain is located in the intracellular region at the C-terminus of the protein. Thus, the signal is relayed progressively from the receptor domain to the catalytic domain, where it is converted into the formation of cyclic GMP. The first transduction step is the direct binding of ATP with ANF-RGC. This causes allosteric regulation of the enzyme and primes it for the activation of its catalytic moiety. The partial structural motif of the ATP binding domain in ANF-RGC has been elucidated, and it has been named ATP regulatory module (ARM). In this presentation, we provide a brief review of the ATP-regulated transduction mechanism and the ARM model. The model depicts a configuration of the ATP-binding pocket that has been experimentally validated, and the model shows that the ATP-dependent transduction process is a two- (or more) step event. The first step involves the binding of ATP with its ARM. This partially activates the cyclase and prepares it for the subsequent steps, which are consistent with its being phosphorylated and attaining the fully activated state.
Stenosis detection in forearm hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae by multiphase contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography: Preliminary experience (2002)

CE-MRA is a useful diagnostic tool for detecting stenoses in flow-declined hemodialysis AVF prior to interventional DSA.
Ultrasensitive Pressure Sensor Sponge Using Liquid Metal Modulated Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanosheets (2022)

Wearable pressure sensors are crucial for real-time monitoring of human activities and biomimetic robot status. Here, the ultrasensitive pressure sensor sponge is prepared by a facile method, realizing ultrasensitive pressure sensing for wearable health monitoring. Since the liquid metal in the sponge-skeleton structure under pressure is conducive to adjust the contact area with nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets and thus facilitates the charge transfer at the interface, such sensors exhibit a fast response and recovery speed with the response/recovery time 0.41/0.12 s and a comprehensive response range with a sensitivity of up to 476 KPa<sup>-1</sup>. Notably, the liquid metal-based spongy pressure sensor can accurately monitor the human body's pulse, the pressure on the skin, throat swallowing, and other activities in real time, demonstrating a broad application prospect. Those results provide a convenient and low-cost way to fabricate easily perceptible pressure sensors, expanded the application potential of liquid metal-based composites for future electronic skin development.
A Comparison of the Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects Produced by Exposure to Intravenous versus Smoked Methamphetamine in the Laboratory (2013)

Previous research has demonstrated that intravenous (IV) and smoked cocaine administration produced similar increases in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), whereas comparable doses of smoked cocaine resulted in higher subjective ratings of stimulated and high. To our knowledge, there have not been any studies conducted directly comparing the subjective and cardiovascular responses produced by IV methamphetamine (METH) versus smoked METH. Thirteen non‐treatment seeking METH‐dependent individuals, participated in separate protocols in which they were administered IV METH and smoked METH. In the first study, participants were administered METH (0 and 30 mg, IV) and subjective effects, as well as cardiovascular effects, were assessed prior to and 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after METH administration. In the second study, smoked METH (0 and 30 mg) was administered and subjective and cardiovascular effects were obtained on the same time course as above. While not reaching statistical significance, METH administered via the IV route resulted in higher BP and HR across the time course assessed. Interestingly, subjective reports of desire METH and likely to use METH was higher when the route of administration was smoked. These findings demonstrate that the administration of IV versus smoked METH have differential cardiovascular and subjective effects in METH‐dependent participants.
The Role of the IL-2 Pathway in Costimulation Blockade-Resistant Rejection of Allografts (2002)

Blockade of the CD40 and CD28 costimulatory pathways significantly prolongs allograft survival; however, certain strains of mice (i.e., C57BL/6) are relatively resistant to the effects of combined CD40/CD28 blockade. We have previously shown that the costimulation blockade-resistant phenotype can be attributed to a subset of CD8+ T cells and is independent of CD4+ T cell-mediated help. Here we explore the role of the IL-2 pathway in this process using mAbs against the high affinity IL-2R, CD25, and IL-2 in prolonging skin allograft survival in mice receiving combined CD40/CD28 blockade. We have also investigated the effects of treatment on effector function by assessment of cytotoxicity and the generation of IFN-gamma-producing cells in response to allogeneic stimulators as well as proliferation in an in vivo graft-vs-host disease model. We find that additional blockade of either CD25 or IL-2 significantly extends allograft survival beyond that in mice receiving costimulation blockade alone. This correlates with diminished frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing allospecific T cells and reduced CTL activity. Anti-CD25 therapy also synergizes with CD40/CD28 blockade in suppressing proliferative responses. Interestingly, depletion of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ cells, prevents prolongation in allograft survival, suggesting an IL-2-independent role for regulation in extended survival.
Microbial carboxyl esterases: classification, properties and application in biocatalysis (2002)

Esterases (EC 3.1.1.x) represent a diverse group of hydrolases catalyzing the cleavage and formation of ester bonds and are widely distributed in animals, plants and microorganisms. Beside lipases, a considerable number of microbial carboxyl esterases have also been discovered and overexpressed. This review summarizes their properties and classification. Special emphasis is given on their application in organic synthesis for the resolution of racemates and prostereogenic compounds. In addition, recent results for altering their properties by directed evolution are presented.
Rôle de la microflore colique humaine dans le métabolisme des catéchines, composés polyphénoliques majeurs du vin (1998)

13 ref. Rapport d'activité *INRA Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif Jouy-en-Josas Diffusion du document : INRA Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif Jouy-en-Josas
Prolonged Respiratory Symptoms in Clean-up Workers of the Prestige Oil Spill (2007)

Participation in clean-up work of oil spills may result in prolonged respiratory symptoms that last 1 to 2 years after exposure.
Reversal of Sex Roles in Genetic Female Mice by Disruption of Estrogen Receptor Gene (1996)

Deficiency of normal estrogen receptor(ER) gene function led to behavioral change in female mice (ERKO females). Maternal behavior as measured by retrieving of pups was reduced. In some cases, pups were killed by the ERKO females, which was not seen in wild-type animals. Aggression toward other females was increased. Female-typical lordosis behavior was reduced for at least two reasons: less response to somatosensory stimuli on the hindquarters, as well as the fact that ERKO females were immediately treated as intruder males by resident 'stud' males and were thus attacked. In sum, disruption of the ER gene led to a pattern of hormonal and neural changes which caused the females to lose their normal female-typical behavior and to behave and be treated more like males.
Speckle Defect by Dark Leakage Current in Nitride Stringer at the Edge of Shallow Trench Isolation for CMOS Image Sensors (2009)

The leakage current in a CMOS image sensor (CIS) can have various origins. Leakage current investigations have focused on such things as cobalt-salicide, source and drain scheme, and shallow trench isolation (STI) profile. However, there have been few papers examining the effects on leakage current of nitride stringers that are formed by gate sidewall etching. So this study reports the results of a series of experiments on the effects of a nitride stringer on real display images. Different step heights were fabricated during a STI chemical mechanical polishing process to form different nitride stringer sizes, arsenic and boron were implanted in each fabricated photodiode, and the doping density profiles were analyzed. Electrons that moved onto the silicon surface caused the dark leakage current, which in turn brought up the speckle defect on the display image in the CIS.
Diagrammatic scale for improved late leaf rust severity assessments in raspberry leaves (2022)

Late leaf rust (Thekopsora americana) is a disease that affects raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), leading to a decrease in raspberry production. The adoption of precise criteria for disease quantification helps decision-making for its management. A diagrammatic scale (DS) is a useful tool for quantifying disease severity in the field. A DS was developed and validated in this study to estimate late leaf rust severity in raspberry leaves. The DS was defined with eight levels of severity (0.2, 0.4, 0.9, 2.2, 5.1, 11.5, 23.9 and 43.2%). The validation was performed by 15 untrained raters in two steps, with and without using the DS. Two approaches were used for statistical analysis: linear regression and Lin’s method. Both analyses demonstrated that the use of the DS improved the precision and accuracy of the disease estimates. The inter-rater reliability was estimated by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Again, the use of the DS improved the reproducibility of the estimates. For the first time, a diagrammatic scale was developed and validated to evaluate late leaf rust severity in raspberry leaves.
Multiparametric Nonlinear Programming (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The mp-NLP Algorithm Example Global Optimization Issues Concluding Remarks Appendix A. Infeasibility of Corners Appendix B. Comparison Procedure Appendix C. Definition of the Rest of the Region Appendix D. Redundancy Test Appendix E. Vertices of a Critical Region Acknowledgments Literature
Spatio-Temporal Measurement of House Price Appreciation in Underserved Areas (2000)

In this article, we examine house price appreciation rates and volatility in underserved areas. These include (1) census tracts with median income at or below 90 percent of the area median income (AMI) and (2) tracts with a minority concentration of at least 30 percent and median income up to 120 percent of AMI. Using 1972 to 1993 data from Dade County, FL, we estimate an expanded repeat-sales model that accounts for both space and temporal effects simultaneously.Stressing the exploratory nature of the study, we find that appreciation rates in underserved areas defined on the basis of median income are at least as high as those in other areas. Conversely, appreciation rates are lower in high minority areas than in the overall market.We also find that all underserved areas exhibit higher volatility than other areas, regardless of the definition used to designate them.
Care bundles: are they of use in renal care? (2011)

Care bundles are groups of high-impact, evidence-based healthcare interventions that can improve clinical and patient-reported outcomes—one way of implementing ‘smarter working’. Nicola Thomas describes the current evidence for care bundles and evaluates whether using a care-bundle approach can improve the care and management of people with chronic kidney disease.
Disease burden and treatment needs of patients with psoriasis in sexually-sensitive and visible body areas: results from a large-scale survey in routine care (2020)

Psoriasis may cause considerable disease burden. The involvement of sexually-sensitive/visible body areas has been associated with decreased quality of life (QoL), more depressive symptoms and stigmatisation experiences. To characterise the topical distribution of psoriasis in sexually-sensitive and visible areas, to examine its impact on QoL and to determine which specific patient needs should be addressed in routine care. Patients with psoriasis vulgaris were recruited within a cross-sectional nationwide survey, involving 157 randomly assigned German dermatology practices/clinics. The main outcome measures were the EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Patient Needs Questionnaire (PNQ) and a grid scheme for topical distribution of psoriasis. The sample included 2,009 patients (43.7% female; 21.8% ≥ 65 years; 64.2% with lesions in sexually-sensitive areas and 86.2% with lesions in visible areas). Patients with concomitant involvement of sexually-sensitive and visible areas presented increased DLQI impairments relative to patients with no involvement of sexually-sensitive or visible areas (F<sub>(3,</sub> <sub>1723)</sub> = 4.091, p = 0.007). Significant differences were also found for patient needs dimensions (PNQ) depending on the body areas affected (F<sub>(15, 4602)</sub> = 2.936, p < 0.001). Significant effects of gender and age group were also observed. Increased disease severity, lesions in both sexually-sensitive/visible or only visible areas, and increased QoL impairment were associated with specific patient needs. These results highlight the need for proactive evaluation of difficult-to-communicate impairments and the requirements for patient-centred routine care.
The Rate (Time)-Dependent Behavior of Ti-7Al-2Cb-1Ta Titanium Alloy at Room Temperature Under Quasi-Static Monotonic and Cyclic Loading (1981)

Uniaxial tests using a servocontrolled testing machine and strain measurement at the gage length were performed on a high-strength, low-ductility Titanium alloy. Tests involved monotonic and cyclic loadings with strain rates between 2 × 10−8 to 10−3 s−1, stress rates from 10−1 to 102 MPa s−1, repeated changes in strain rates, and short-term relaxation and creep tests. The inelastic behavior is strongly rate-dependent. Ratchetting is shown to increase as the stress rate decreases. No strain-rate history effect was found. A unique stress-strain curve is ultimately reached for a given strain rate irrespective of prior history as long as only positive stresses are imposed. In the plastic range the relaxation drop in a given time period depends only on the strain rate preceding the test and is independent of the actual stress and strain.
Performance Comparison of High Efficiency Parasitic Rear Emitter Etched Solar Cells with Conventional Silicon Solar Cells (2012)

Texturing of silicon solar cells is an important process step to improve the performance of the solar cell by increasing optical absorption and minimizing the reflectance on the front side of the cell. A conventional silicon solar cell has both front and rear side textured in a single wet processing step. For advanced solar cell structures, which employ rear side passivation technique and local back contacts instead of a full Aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF), a planar rear surface is desired. Adding to that, for p-type cells, the parasitic rear emitter region should be etched off to passivate the rear p-type surface. In order to realize the benefits of rear emitter etched cell compared to double side textured cell, solar cells were fabricated with single side textured wafers with parasitic rear emitter removal. This paper compares the I-V parametric performance of baseline solar cells with two different configurations- Baseline (BL)-0: Both side textured solar cell and Baseline (BL)-1: Rear side emitter etched surface solar cell. An improvement of up to 0.3% absolute in cell efficiency is observed with parasitic rear emitter etched wafers compared to double side textured wafers.
Therapeutic progestin segesterone acetate promotes neurogenesis: implications for sustaining regeneration in female brain (2018)

These findings provide preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights for the development of ST-1435 as a neuroregenerative therapy to promote intrinsic regenerative capacity in female brains against aging and neurodegenerative disorders.