gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Learning Analytics Conceptual Framework for Augmented Reality-Supported Educational Case Studies (2021)

The deployment of augmented reality (AR) has attracted educators’ interest and introduced new opportunities in education. Additionally, the advancement of artificial intelligence has enabled educational researchers to apply innovative methods and techniques for the monitoring and evaluation of the teaching and learning process. The so-called learning analytics (LA) discipline emerged with the promise to revolutionize traditional instructional practices by introducing systematic and multidimensional ways to improve the effectiveness of the instructional process. However, the implementation of LA methods is usually associated with web-based platforms, which offer direct access to learners’ data with minimal effort or adjustments. On the other hand, the complex nature of immersive technologies and the diverse instructional approaches which are utilized in different scientific domains have limited the opportunities for research and development in this direction. Within these research contexts, we present a conceptual framework that describes the elements of an LA process tailored to the information that can be gathered from the use of educational applications, and further provide an indicative case study for AR-supported educational interventions. The current work contributes by elucidating and concretizing the design elements of AR-supported applications and provides researchers and designers with guidelines on how to apply instructional strategies in (augmented) real-world projects.
Synthesis and evaluation of [3H]‐4‐fluoro‐1‐[1‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine, a potential tool for autoradiographic study of the phencyclidine receptor (1991)

Abstract The synthesis and in vitro binding of high specific activity tritium labelled 4‐fluoro‐1‐[1‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl] piperidine ([ 3 H]FOH‐PCP), a potential probe for autoradiographic study of the phencyclidine (PCP) receptor is described. [ 3 H]FOH‐PCP will allow evaluation of [ 18 F]FOH‐PCP as a PET scanning ligand for PCP receptors.
The square root law of steganographic capacity for Markov covers (2009)

It is a well-established result that steganographic capacity of perfectly secure stegosystems grows linearly with the number of cover elements-secure steganography has a positive rate. In practice, however, neither the Warden nor the Steganographer has perfect knowledge of the cover source and thus it is unlikely that perfectly secure stegosystems for complex covers, such as digital media, will ever be constructed. This justifies study of secure capacity of imperfect stegosystems. Recent theoretical results from batch steganography, supported by experiments with blind steganalyzers, point to an emerging paradigm: whether steganography is performed in a large batch of cover objects or a single large object, there is a wide range of practical situations in which secure capacity rate is vanishing. In particular, the absolute size of secure payload appears to only grow with the square root of the cover size. In this paper, we study the square root law of steganographic capacity and give a formal proof of this law for imperfect stegosystems, assuming that the cover source is a stationary Markov chain and the embedding changes are mutually independent.
Semantic Activation and Verbal Working Memory Maintenance in Schizophrenic Thought Disorder: Insights from Electrophysiology and Lexical Amibiguity (2008)

We have examined language processing using ambiguous words (homographs like panel or toast) and rapid or slow presentation rates while recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Homographs allow for tracking the train of thought at points of lexical ambiguity and detecting modulation of associative threads by previous context. Rapid presentation rates stress automatic semantic activation, and slow rates stress controlled verbal working memory contextual modulation. In conjunction with reaction times and performance, ERPs allow for objective measurement of activity related to language processing from word presentation through overt behavioral response. Smaller N400 to related and unrelated items at short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), the presence of a semantic bias, and large N400 to related and unrelated items at long SOAs are present in schizophrenia. We describe a model of initial semantic memory hyper-priming and subsequent decay of information in verbal working memory stores, the activation-maintenance model of schizophrenic thought disorder hypothesized to underlie the thought disorder in schizophrenia.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrated Rare‐Earth‐Metal Ion‐Exchanged Zeolite A: Characterization by Luminescence Spectroscopy. Part 1. The Gd3+ Ion. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The FTE manifold and its role in the numerical behavior of fast transversal filter RLS algorithm (1991)

Some preliminary results are presented on a novel approach to the analysis of the propagation of round-off errors in the fast transversal filter (FTF) recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. This approach is based on the concept of backward consistency which can be applied to any recursive algorithm, e.g. to the class of Kalman filtering algorithms. The backward consistency concept is applied to the FTF algorithm. This application leads to the introduction of the FTF state variables that are backwardly consistent. In other words, each point on the FTF manifold represents a value for the FTF state variables that corresponds exactly to the solution of a prewindowed shift-invariant least-squares (LS) problem. The advantage of this approach is that the error propagation on the FTF manifold corresponds exactly (without averaging or even linearization) to the propagation of a perturbation on the input data in the LS problem. The dynamics of this perturbation are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation of porous graphene oxide/hydrogel nanocomposites and their ability for efficient adsorption of methylene blue (2016)

Porous nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared using CaCO<sub>3</sub> particles as solid porogens.
Endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma—tips and tricks (2020)

Ureteroscopic methods have been rapidly evolving in the last several decades. With advances in flexible devices, optics and laser technologies, the endourologic surgeon has now the tools to treat high-volume tumors, in difficult locations, with good oncologic outcome. This makes radical nephroureterectomy unnecessary in some cases. Endoscopy in the setting of UTUC will surely continue to evolve and become applicable to a wider selection of patients. In this review we describe the surgical technique and provide tips and tricks which we use in our practice of endoscopic retrograde treatment of upper-tract urothelial carcinoma.
Multiple Fiber Interconnect Using Silicon V-Grooves (1987)

A new interconnect method for multiple fibers is reported. The design concept proposes novel silicon components to align and position multifiber subassemblies, which have V-grooves to capture either fiber ribbon or monocoated fibers. The silicon components are fabricated by using preferential crystallographic etching techniques. This approach differs from earlier efforts, as preferential etching of silicon is used not only for the fiber placement, but for array alignment as well. Preliminary results are presented to demonstrate the concept.
Reproducibility in modeling and simulation of the knee: Academic, industry, and regulatory perspectives (2023)

Stakeholders in the modeling and simulation (M&S) community organized a workshop at the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) entitled "Reproducibility in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee: Academic, Industry, and Regulatory Perspectives." The goal was to discuss efforts among these stakeholders to address irreproducibility in M&S focusing on the knee joint. An academic representative from a leading orthopedic hospital in the United States described a multi-institutional, open effort funded by the National Institutes of Health to assess model reproducibility in computational knee biomechanics. A regulatory representative from the United States Food and Drug Administration indicated the necessity of standards for reproducibility to increase utility of M&S in the regulatory setting. An industry representative from a major orthopedic implant company emphasized improving reproducibility by addressing indeterminacy in personalized modeling through sensitivity analyses, thereby enhancing preclinical evaluation of joint replacement technology. Thought leaders in the M&S community stressed the importance of data sharing to minimize duplication of efforts. A survey comprised 103 attendees revealed strong support for the workshop and for increasing emphasis on computational modeling at future ORS meetings. Nearly all survey respondents (97%) considered reproducibility to be an important issue. Almost half of respondents (45%) tried and failed to reproduce the work of others. Two-thirds of respondents (67%) declared that individual laboratories are most responsible for ensuring reproducible research whereas 44% thought that journals are most responsible. Thought leaders and survey respondents emphasized that computational models must be reproducible and credible to advance knee M&S.
Improved machine perfusion preservation of the non-heart-beating donor rat liver using polysol: A new machine perfusion preservation solution (2005)

Waiting lists for transplantation have stimulated interest in the use of non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) organs. Recent studies on organ preservation have shown advantages of machine perfusion (MP) over cold storage (CS). To supply the liver with specific nutrients during MP, the preservation solution Polysol was developed. The aim of our study was to compare CS in University of Wisconsin solution (UW) with MP using UW-gluconate (UW-G) or Polysol in an NHBD model. After 30 minutes of warm ischemia, livers were harvested from rats for preservation by either CS, MP-UW-G, or MP-Polysol. After 24 hours of preservation, livers were reperfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB). Perfusate samples were analyzed for liver damage and function. Biopsies were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Liver damage was highest after CS compared with the MP groups. MP using Polysol compared with UW-G resulted in less aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release. Perfusate flow, bile production, and ammonia clearance were highest after MP-Polysol compared with CS and MP-UW-G. Tissue edema was least after MP-Polysol compared with CS and MP-UW-G. In conclusion, preservation of the NHBD rat liver by hypothermic MP is superior to CS. Furthermore, MP using Polysol results in better-quality liver preservation compared with using UW-G.
Oxygenation and Membrane Oxygenators: Emergence, Evolution and Progress in Material Development and Process Enhancement for Biomedical Applications (2021)

Ever-increasing demands for high performance blood oxygenators have led to continuous advancements in this field.  Despite the progresses made since their emergence, there still exist challenges that intimidate the reliability of  membrane oxygenators. A promising approach for addressing these challenges and enhancing the overall process  performance relates to the selection, development, and modification of materials with desirable characteristics. The main  impetus for the present review is to bring forward important and yet less explored subjects by shedding light on the  technological, design, and engineering aspects of oxygenators and the oxygenation process. Special attention is paid to  membrane oxygenators and their essential characteristics such as gas transport, plasma leakage, and biocompatibility.  Also, various practical configurations of membrane oxygenators are illustrated with their merits and limitations. From the  materials perspective, a comprehensive range of polymeric materials with track records for applications as membrane  oxygenators are surveyed and analyzed considering their physicochemical and biocompatibility properties in order to  gain insights into the features of an optimal material. In addition to elaborations on the methods for fabrication of  membrane oxygenators, various effective techniques that could be used for altering the microstructure and surface  properties of the membranes are presented. Also, an in-depth overview is provided about the transport phenomena in  membrane oxygenators aiming to provide a better understanding of the molecular and process aspects of the process. An overview of the state of the art is summarized along with points about the trends of future developments are provided at the end.
Probability Sampling in Litigation (2011)

Random sampling is a widely used and well-established techniques used to reduce the cost of providing interpretable data. This paper discusses examples in the several different kinds of litigation in which random sampling has been useful. The paper concludes with speculation about the possible use of random sampling in mass tort litigation. This paper aims to contribute to a discussion of the possibility of using statistical methods to handle mass tort cases efficiently. After reviewing the basics of sampling, the paper summarizes cases involving sampling that the author participated in. The conclusion gives some thoughts on how mass tort litigation might be approached statistically. I. PROBABILITY SAMPLING The purpose of random sampling is to allow inference from the items observed to items unobserved. It is usually used to save the effort of having to observe each member of a population. It is important to distinguish random sampling from other kinds of sampling. The hall-mark of random sampling is the use of a random number table or an equivalent computer program to choose units. The reason for the use of random numbers is to make transparent the process by which items are chosen for observation. This is important because without randomization, biases can creep in, whether advertent or inadvertent, that can destroy the validity of the inference to unobserved members of the population. While often random sampling is implemented in which each item has the same probability of selection, this is not necessary. What is necessary is that the probability of selection of each item be known in advance.1 * Leonard J. Savage University Professor of Statistics and Social Sciences, Emeritus, at Carnegie Mellon University. His most recent books are &amp;quot;Statistics in the
Robust SIFT-based feature matching using Kendall's rank correlation measure (2009)

The scale invariant feature transform, SIFT, is one of the most efficient image matching techniques based on local features. It has been applied to various scientific domains such as machine vision, robot navigation, object recognition, etc. In this work, a SIFT improvement is proposed that makes feature matching more robust in the presence of different types of image noise. Thus, Kendall's rank correlation measure is employed to improve the performance of feature matching. Its exploitation reduces the number of erroneous SIFT feature matches without adding significantly to the execution time. The results of the SIFT improvement are validated through matching examples between similar images.
A new VLSI architecture for a single-chip-type Reed-Solomon decoder (1989)

A new very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture for implementing Reed-Solomon (RS) decoders that can correct both errors and erasures is described. This new architecture implements a Reed-Solomon decoder by using replication of a single VLSI chip. It is anticipated that this single chip type RS decoder approach will save substantial development and production costs. It is estimated that reduction in cost by a factor of four is possible with this new architecture. Furthermore, this Reed-Solomon decoder is programmable between 8 bit and 10 bit symbol sizes. Therefore, both an 8 bit Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) RS decoder and a 10 bit decoder are obtained at the same time, and when concatenated with a (15,1/6) Viterbi decoder, provide an additional 2.1-dB coding gain.
Genome-Wide Response to Antihypertensive Medication Using Home Blood Pressure Measurements: A Pilot Study Nested within the HOMED-BP Study (2013)

Our approach, the first based on high-fidelity phenotyping by home blood pressure measurement, might be a step in moving towards the personalized treatment of hypertension.
Activation of clinically used anthracyclines by the formaldehyde-releasing prodrug pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (2007)

The anthracycline group of compounds is extensively used in current cancer chemotherapy regimens and is classified as topoisomerase II inhibitor. However, previous work has shown that doxorubicin can be activated to form DNA adducts in the presence of formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs and that this leads to apoptosis independently of topoisomerase II-mediated damage. To determine which anthracyclines would be useful in combination with formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs, a series of clinically relevant anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin) were examined for their capacity to form DNA adducts in MCF7 and MCF7/Dx (P-glycoprotein overexpressing) cells in the presence of the formaldehyde-releasing drug pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-9). All anthracyclines, with the exception of epirubicin, efficiently yielded adducts in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, and levels of adducts were similar in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Idarubicin was the most active compound in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, whereas adducts formed by doxorubicin and daunorubicin were consistently lower in the resistant compared with sensitive cells. The adducts formed by doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin showed the same DNA sequence specificity in sensitive and resistant cells as assessed by lambda-exonuclease-based sequencing of alpha-satellite DNA extracted from drug-treated cells. Growth inhibition assays were used to show that doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin were all synergistic in combination with AN-9, whereas the combination of epirubicin with AN-9 was additive. Although apoptosis assays indicated a greater than additive effect for epirubicin/AN-9 combinations, this effect was much more pronounced for doxorubicin/AN-9 combinations.
Control of Vehicle Maneuverability and Stability by Means of Attitude Control with Vertical Load Control. (1998)

Active control of maneuverability and stability of a vehicle on uneven roadways is studied in the case of vertical load control as well as attitude control. It is well known that the dynamic responses of chassis on the uneven road surface have large effect on the vehicle cornering properities. In the previous study, the authors investigated that the attitude control by active suspension was effective to improve vehicle stability in cornering on uneven road surface. However, the effect on stability is sufficient only in lower frequency range of vertical motion of sprung mass. In this paper, the effects of vertical load control in consideration of unsprung masses are clarified by numerical simulations for further improvement of maneuverability and stability.
Growth of InN on 6H‐SiC by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2006)

Abstract We have investigated the growth of InN films by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy on the Si‐face of 6H‐SiC(0001). Growth is performed under In‐rich conditions using a two‐step process consisting of the deposition of a thin, low‐temperature 350 °C InN buffer layer, followed by the subsequent deposition of the InN epitaxial layer at 450 °C. The effect of buffer annealing is investigated. The structural and optical evolution of the growing layer has been monitored in real time using RHEED and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Structural, morphological, electrical and optic properties are discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a small autonomous flying robot with four-rotor system (2011)

We discuss the development of a mini-quadrotor system for indoor application at Konkuk University. The propulsion system consists of X-UFO blade propellers and brushless direct current (DC) motors assembled on a very stiff airframe made of carbon fiber composite material. The attitude control system consists of a stability augmentation system as the inner loop control and a modern control approach as the outer loop. The closed-loop control is a PID controller, which is used for the flight test to validate our aerodynamic modeling. To perform an experimental flight test, basic electronics hardware is developed in a simple configuration. We used an AVR microcontroller as the embedded controller, a low-cost 100 Hz AHRS for inertial sensing, infrared (IR) sensors for horizontal ranging, and an ultrasonic sensor for ground ranging. A high performance propeller system is built on an X-UFO quadrotor airframe. The developed flying robot is shown to have an automatic hovering ability with aid of a ground control system that uses monitoring and a fail-safe system.
Randomized clinical trial of isolated Roux-en-Y versus conventional reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy (Br J Surg 2014; 101: 1084–1091) (2014)

This study focuses on the impact of the gastrointestinal reconstruction route on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and overall morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).The authors show that there is no difference between the 'classical' single-loop reconstruction and a double-tract Roux-en-Y reconstruction that isolates the pancreatic anastomosis from the other two anastomoses.The equal POPF rate in both trial arms is an important and clinically relevant finding.For many years the controversy about how to reconstruct after PD has prevailed and several retrospective studies have provided conflicting results.This study by Tani and colleagues is in line with two previously published similar randomized clinical trials (RCTs) 1,2 that showed no difference in POPF rate regardless of the reconstruction route.The methodological strength of the present study is based on its randomized design with the primary endpoint POPF according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula definition, allowing the generation of valid results and conclusions on a high-evidence level.Furthermore, the secondary endpoints include clinically relevant and mainly POPF-associated complications (mortality, haemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, hospital stay).This reflects the intention to draw conclusions regarding these parameters in an adequately powered design and underlines the patient-related focus of the trial.All of the three mentioned randomized studies have been published within the past 12 months, demonstrating -in contrast to the earlier retrospective and observational studies -the scientific evolution in surgery to investigate established clinical procedures by applying evidence-based methods.Regarding the concordant and convincing results of these three RCTs, the controversy over reconstruction after PD seems to be nearly at its end, yet additional well designed trials or a meta-analysis on this topic would certainly be welcome to strengthen the existing evidence.