gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of standardised reporting in adrenocortical carcinoma: a single centre clinicopathological review (2008)

Standardised criteria for histopathological reporting of ACC will improve the accuracy of data for cancer registration and may also assist in individual patient stratification. An elevated Ki-67 index is a feature of ACC, although it does not appear to predict individual patient survival.
Single-Crystalline Protrusion-Rich Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles with Colloidal Stability in Water for Use in Sustainable Coatings (2020)

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) with protrusions on their surfaces have been successfully obtained by solvothermal synthesis under high In3+ and Cl– concentrations. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observations revealed that the ITO NPs with protrusions consisted of not a polycrystalline but a single-crystalline structure. The results suggested that the unique shape was produced by heterogeneous epitaxial nucleation on the growing surfaces of the ITO NPs in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Inhibition of homogeneous particle growth by adsorption of a large excess amount of Cl– ions on the surfaces of growing ITO NPs might play a critical role in the evolution of the unique protrusions. Compared to single-crystalline ITO NPs with a cubic shape, the ITO NPs thus obtained showed a high specific surface area and a low resistivity. Furthermore, the ITO NPs with protrusions exhibited an unprecedented high dispersion stability in water for a long period without the use of any dispersant. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation (T2) measurements revealed that such high dispersion stability could be due to the shape-triggered increase in the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of the ITO NPs. The resulting ITO NP dispersions in water could be applied to prepare ITO thin films with low resistivity on a glass substrate. The behavior has great potential for application as sustainable coating materials to fabricate transparent conductive ITO thin films on flexible substrates under mild atmospheric conditions without usage of expensive production systems and harmful and environmentally undesirable chemicals.
Terc, Abram (2020)

1949 Abschluss des Studiums an der Universität Moskau; 1952–1965 Dozent am Institut für Weltliteratur; ab 1961 Mitglied im Schriftstellerverband der UdSSR; ab 1957 Publikation im Ausland; 1965 wegen antisowjetischer Propaganda verhaftet und inhaftiert; 1971 vorzeitig entlassen; 1973 Ausreise nach Frankreich; 1973–1994 Professor für Russische Literatur an der Sorbonne.
Symbolic integration of dynamical systems by collocation methods (2005)

Symbolic computational approaches are desirable for many applications and especially for large complex and nonlinear systems. These approaches work well when (a) the user interface is "symbolized" and (b) the underlying computational algorithms are robust. This paper presents advances in both of these areas and for the specific application of numerical integration of large complex nonlinear systems. We present a method for symbolically defining complex nonlinear systems. The methodology includes a human interface for symbolic manipulations of the system model. The system model is symbolically quadratized. The quadratized model is integrated with a numerical method that belongs to the general class of collocating methods. The presented methodologies are superior to previous approaches by the authors using symbolic manipulations and trapezoidal integration. The methodology is illustrated with example systems including converters with saturable inductors, surge arresters and other complex nonlinear systems. The proposed methodology is compared to previous approaches for the purpose of quantifying the advantages.
Spontaneous Vesicle Release Is Not Tightly Coupled to Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel-Mediated Ca2+ Influx and Is Triggered by a Ca2+ Sensor Other Than Synaptotagmin-2 at the Juvenile Mice Calyx of Held Synapses (2015)

It is well known that voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs)-mediated Ca(2+) influx triggers evoked synaptic vesicle release. However, the mechanisms of Ca(2+) regulation of spontaneous miniature vesicle release (mini) remain poorly understood. Here we show that blocking VGCCs at the juvenile mice (C57BL/6) calyx of Held synapse failed to cause an immediate change in minis. Instead, it resulted in a significant reduction (∼40%) of mini frequency several minutes after the blockage. By recording VGCC activity and single vesicle fusion events directly at the presynaptic terminal, we found that minis did not couple to VGCC-mediated Ca(2+) entry, arguing for a lack of direct correlation between mini and transient Ca(2+) influx. Moreover, mini frequencies displayed a lower apparent Ca(2+) cooperativity than those of evoked release. In agreement with this observation, abrogation of the Ca(2+) sensor synaptotagmin-2 had no effect on apparent Ca(2+) cooperativity of minis. Together, our study provides the first direct evidence that spontaneous minis are not mediated by transient Ca(2+) signals through VGCCs and are triggered by a Ca(2+)-sensing mechanism that is different from the evoked release at these microdomain VGCC-vesicle coupled synapses.
Preparation of Chloro-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenes (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Chloro-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesE. McBee, H. Hass, P. Weimer, W. Burt, Z. Welch, R. Robb, and F. SpeyerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 3, 387–388Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1947Publication History Published online31 January 2005Published inissue 1 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50447a632https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50447a632research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Should We Prescribe Light Therapy for Our Sleepy Parkinson Disease Patients (2017)

Researchers performed a two-center study to examine the safety and efficacy of light therapy on excessive daytime sleepiness. Thirty-one Parkinson disease patients who were free of dementia, free of primary sleep disorders, and receiving optimized dopaminergic therapy were randomized to bright-light therapy or dim red light (control) therapy. Additionally, the baseline Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 12 or greater, indicating moderate to severe problems with alertness. Light (bright or dim) was administered in the morning and the evening for 1 hour each on a total of 14 days. Disease duration was relatively short for the participants in the bright-light therapy …
INTRABAND AUGER EFFECT IN QUANTUM DOT STRUCTURES (2009)

Intraband photocurrent and absorption measurements were performed on InAs / InGaAlAs / InP quantum dot structures. To identify the optical transitions, theoretical calculations were performed and showed that the observed PC is generated by a bound to bound transition, where the final state is about 200 meV deep below the conduction band continuum. The reported results strongly suggest that an Auger process plays a fundamental role in generating the observed intraband photocurrent.
Reducing Writebacks Through In-Cache Displacement (2019)

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technology is a promising solution to fulfill the ever-growing need for higher capacity in the main memory of modern systems. Despite having many great features, however, NVM’s poor write performance remains a severe obstacle, preventing it from being used as a DRAM alternative in the main memory. Most of the prior work targeted optimizing writes at the main memory side and neglected the decisive role of upper-level cache management policies on reducing the number of writes. In this article, we propose a novel cache management policy that attempts to maximize write-coalescing in the on-chip SRAM last-level cache (LLC) for the sake of reducing the number of costly writes to the off-chip NVM. We decouple a few physical ways of the LLC to have a dedicated and exclusive storage for the dirty blocks after being evicted from the cache and before being sent to the off-chip memory. By displacing dirty blocks in exclusive storage, they are kept in the cache based on their rewrite distance and are evicted when they are unlikely to be reused shortly. To maximize the effectiveness of exclusive storage, we manage it as a Cuckoo Cache to offer associativity based on the various applications’ demands. Through detailed evaluations targeting various single- and multi-threaded applications, we show that our proposal reduces the number of writebacks by 21%, on average, over the state-of-the-art method and enhances both performance and energy efficiency.
Fast switchable ferroelectric liquid crystal gratings with two electro-optical modes (2016)

In this article, we reveal a theoretical and experimental illustration of the Ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) grating fabricated by mean of patterned alignment based on photo-alignment. The complexity related to the mismatching of the predefined alignment domains on the top and bottom substrate has been avoided by incorporating only one side photo aligned substrate while the other substrate does not have any alignment layer. Depending on the easy axis in the said alignment domains and the azimuth plane of the impinging polarized light, the diffracting element can be tuned in two modes i.e. DIFF/OFF switchable and DIFF/TRANS switchable modes, which can be applied to different applications. The diffraction profile has been illustrated theoretically that fits well with the experimental finding and thus the proposed diffraction elements with fast response time and high diffraction efficiency could find application in many modern devices.
New wireless technologies and OTA measurements (2007)

OTA measurements determine the over-the-air performance of mobile terminals such as mobile phones or PDAs. The resulting values for total radiated power (TRP) or total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) are figures of merit for qualifying a mobile terminal for good performance in a network. With the new standards emerging now, the situation is becoming more complex. Instead of a single antenna whose 3D performance is evaluated in an OTA performance measurement, several antennas will be in use. These multiple- input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems have an impact on the OTA measurements. Since the primary goal for OTA measurements is the prediction of the terminal's performance in the network, the definition of the appropriate measures for specifying this performance in a MIMO environment has to be made. A discussion on different approaches for this objective is held. The required hardware components will be addressed, and the necessary test methods are going to be described. Besides the technical aspects of OTA measurements, also the status of discussion in standardisation groups is presented. (4 pages)
A Unifying Mechanism in the Initiation of Cancer and Other Diseases by Catechol Quinones (2004)

The first step in cancer initiation is the reaction of chemical carcinogens with DNA to form stable adducts, which remain in DNA unless removed by repair, and depurinating adducts, which detach from DNA following destabilization of the glycosyl bond. Depurinating DNA adducts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons play a major role in the initiation of cancer, as shown by the correlation between depurinating adducts and oncogenic mutations of the H-ras oncogene in mouse skin. Following these results, experiments on the metabolism of estrogens, formation of depurinating DNA adducts, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and cellular transformation have led us to the hypothesis that certain metabolites of endogenous estrogens--in particular, estradiol(estrone)-3,4-quinones--can react with DNA to form depurinating adducts at the N-3 of Ade and the N-7 of Gua. Depurination of these adducts can generate critical mutations by error-prone repair to initiate breast, prostate, and other cancers. The oxidation mechanism of catechols to quinone compounds includes not only natural estrogens, but also synthetic estrogens, such as hexestrol and the human carcinogen diethylstilbestrol, which react with DNA to form N3Ade and N7Gua adducts, presumably to initiate cancer. Furthermore, the initiating mechanism of the leukemogen benzene involves oxidation of catechol to catechol quinone, which reacts with DNA to form N3Ade and N7Gua adducts. The quinone of the neurotransmitter dopamine can also react with DNA to form N3Ade and N7Gua adducts. The subsequent mutations could be at the origin of Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, the apurinic sites produced in DNA from the loss of these depurinating adducts can be converted into mutations by error-prone repair, which may initiate cancer and other diseases.
Calpain inhibitor AK295 attenuates motor and cognitive deficits following experimental brain injury in the rat. (1996)

Marked increases in intracellular calcium may play a role in mediating cellular dysfunction and death following central nervous system trauma, in part through the activation of the calcium-dependent neutral protease calpain. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the calpain inhibitor AK295 [Z-Leu-aminobutyric acid-CONH(CH2)3-morpholine] on cognitive and motor deficits following lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats. Before injury, male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-425 g) were trained to perform a beam-walking task and to learn a cognitive test using a Morris water maze paradigm. Animals were subjected to fluid percussion injury (2.2-2.4 atm; 1 atm = 101.3 kPa) and, beginning at 15 min postinjury, received a continuous intraarterial infusion of AK295 (120-140 mg/kg, n = 15) or vehicle (n= 16) for 48 hr. Sham (uninjured) animals received either drug (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 10). Animals were evaluated for neurobehavioral motor function at 48 hr and 7 days postinjury and were tested in the Morris water maze to evaluate memory retention at 7 days postinjury. At 48 hr, both vehicle- and AK295-treated injured animals showed significant neuromotor deficits (P< 0.005). At 7 days, injured animals that received vehicle continued to exhibit significant motor dysfunction (P< 0.01). However, brain-injured, AK295-treated animals showed markedly improved motor scores (P<0.02), which were not significantly different from sham (uninjured) animals. Vehicle-treated, injured animals demonstrated a profound cognitive deficit (P< 0.001), which was significantly attenuated by AK295 treatment (P< 0.05). To our knowledge, this study is the first to use a calpain inhibitor following brain trauma and suggests that calpain plays a role in the posttraumatic events underlying memory and neuromotor dysfunction.
FDG-PET Imaging in Infection and Inflammation (2006)

Early diagnosis or exclusion of infection/inflammation is of utmost importance for the optimal management of patients with infection/inflammation. Currently available imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide excellent structural resolution for changes related to infection and inflammation disorders. However these modalities are of limited value in detecting early metabolic changes that occur in disease processes. Various functional nuclear medicine techniques, like labeled leukocyte imaging, Gallium scan, bone scan etc. have been tried in last three decades with variable success. Whole body imaging with FDG-PET for the diagnosis, staging, monitoring response to treatment, and detecting recurrent malignant diseases has been well established. The introduction of PET-CT has added a major dimension to FDG-PET imaging. In spite of great successes achieved by FDG-PET imaging in the evaluation of malignant disorders, the test is not specific for cancer. Soon after the introduction of FDG-PET for human studies, it was noted that lesions with substantial inflammatory cells also appears positive on FDG-PET. Benign processes such as infection, inflammation, and granulomatous diseases appear to have increased glycolysis and are therefore readily visualized by FDG-PET imaging. Therefore, the role of FDG-PET could be further enhanced in situations where, infection and inflammation is the focus of the investigation. In the present review we will discuss the various indications where FDG-PET can be useful.
Suture pullout strength and in vitro fibroblast and RAW 264.7 monocyte biocompatibility of genipin crosslinked nanofibrous chitosan mats for guided tissue regeneration (2012)

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a surgical technique used to direct the formation of bone in the graft space by protecting it with a barrier membrane used to exclude soft tissues during healing. Chitosan has been advocated for GTR applications because of its biocompatibility, degradability, wound healing, and osteogenic properties. In this study, electrospun chitosan membranes, crosslinked with 5 mM or 10 mM geinipin, a natural crosslinker extracted from the gardenia plant, were evaluated for suture pullout strength, crystallinity, and cytocompatibility with normal human dermal fibroblast and TIB 71™ RAW 264.7 monocyte cells. Ultimate suture pullout strength was significantly lower (51-67%) than that of commercially available collagen membranes. Crystallinity of the electrospun chitosan mats decreased upon crosslinking by 14-17% (p = 0.013). The molecular weight of the chitosan polymer was decreased by 75% during the electrospinning process. Uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked chitosan mats were cytocompatible and supported fibroblast cell proliferation for 9 days. Uncrosslinked and genipin-crosslinked membranes did not activate monocytes to produce nitric oxide (NO) in vitro in the absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, chitosan membranes inhibited LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 59-67% as compared to tissue culture plastic and collagen membrane. Improvements are needed in the tear strength of electrospun chitosan membranes for clinical application.
Simulation model of a switched reluctance drive in 42 V application (2004)

In modeling switched reluctance drives for low-voltage applications, an accurate converter model is mandatory. The voltage drop across the semiconductor devices is significant in comparison to the available dc-bus voltage and must be taken into account. Furthermore, in 42 V applications, in which batteries are utilized as the energy source, the dc-bus voltage extremely fluctuates due to the load-dependent behavior of batteries. Therefore, the battery behavior should be also regarded in the drive system model. This paper presents the modeling of a switched reluctance drive for 42 V application regarding behavior of the converter as well as the energy source. The entire switched reluctance drive system is modeled in a single simulation platform MATLAB/Simulink. The model accuracy is verified by the experimental results presented at the end of the paper.
Safety and Efficacy of Pedicle Screw Placement for Adult Spinal Deformity with a Pedicle-Probing Conventional Anatomic Technique (2000)

A prospective study of 50 adults treated with fusion, realignment, and segmental spinal instrumentation for spinal deformity was conducted to assess the safety, accuracy, and efficacy of the free-hand pedicle screw placement technique. Postoperative computed tomographic scans were performed to evaluate the placement of 282 screws and were correlated with patients' clinical outcomes. Five screws were placed at T12, 26 at L1, 39 at L2, 48 at L3, 73 at L4, 35 at L5, and 50 at S1. Nine screws (3%) were misplaced and included three screws (1.06%) that violated the medial wall with no clinical sequelae or revision surgery needed. There were no neurologic deficits related to screw placement. The free-hand technique is a safe and cost-effective method for pedicular screw placement during surgery for adult spine deformities.
Multiheterodyne spectroscopy with optical frequency combs generated from a continuous-wave laser (2014)

Dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators were utilized to produce power-leveled optical frequency combs (OFCs) from a continuous-wave laser. The resulting OFCs contained up to 50 unique frequency components and spanned more than 200 GHz. Simple changes to the modulation frequency allowed for agile control of the comb spacing. These OFCs were then utilized for broadband, multiheterodyne measurements of CO2 using both a multipass cell and an optical cavity. This technique allows for robust measurements of trace gas species and alleviates much of the cost and complexity associated with the use of femtosecond OFCs produced with mode-locked pulsed lasers.
U- to Z-shape isomerization in a Pt2Ag2 framework containing pyridyl-NHC ligands (2018)

Synthesis and isomerization of a heteropolynuclear Pt2Ag2 complex containing pyridyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are reported. The Pt2Ag2 complex could take two geometrical isomers possessing a twisted U-shaped structure and a Z-shaped structure. The rate of the isomerization reaction depended on the concentration of the solution, implying that the reaction took place through an intermolecular process.
Frequent Detection of HPV before and after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV/HSV-2 Co-Infected Women in Uganda (2013)

ART did not impact HPV detection within 6 months of therapy initiation, highlighting the importance of continued and consistent screening, even after ART-initiation and immune reconstitution.
Effect of Bradykinin Postconditioning on Ischemic and Toxic Brain Damage (2015)

Brain damage caused by ischemia or toxic agents leads in selectively vulnerable regions to apoptosis-like delayed neuronal death and can result in irreversible damage. Selectively vulnerable neurons of the CA1 area of hippocampus are particularly sensitive to ischemic damage. We investigated the effects of bradykinin (BR) postconditioning on cerebral ischemic and toxic injury. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion for 10 min and toxic injury was induced by trimethyltin (TMT, 8 µg/kg i.p.). BR as a postconditioner at a dose of 150 µg/kg was applied intraperitoneally 48 h after ischemia or TMT intoxication. Experimental animals were divided into groups according to the length of survival (short-3 and 7 days, and long-28 days survival) and according to the applied ischemic or toxic injury. Glutamate concentration was lowered in both CA1 and dentate gyrus areas of hippocampus after the application of BR postconditioning in both ischemic and toxic brain damage. The number of degenerated neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region was significantly lower in BR-treated ischemic and toxic groups compared to vehicle group. The behavioral test used in our experiments confirms also the memory improvement in conditioned animals. The rats' ability to form spatial maps and learn was preserved, which is visible from our Barnes maze results. By using the methods of delayed postconditioning is possible to stimulate the endogenous protective mechanisms of the organism and induce the neuroprotective effect. In this study we demonstrated that BR postconditioning, if applied before the onset of irreversible neurodegenerative changes, induced neuroprotection against ischemic or toxic injury.