gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of the measurement setup on enhanced AC hot carrier degradation of MOSFETs (1990)

It is shown that the enhanced degradation and substrate current component, which is observed in several AC experiments at the falling edge of the gate pulse under high drain bias, can in some cases be primarily ascribed to a carrier injection due to the forward biasing of the source diode and a simultaneous drain voltage overshoot. The forward biasing of the source diode is not caused by the commonly known latch-up effect, which is triggered by the substrate current, but by an insufficient AC coupling of the source to the ground due to the parasitic inductance of the wiring. It is demonstrated that by putting a capacitor at the drain side of the transistor and grounding the source at the probe tip, the observed enhanced substrate current can be eliminated and the anomalous enhanced degradation reduced accordingly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ventricular Premature Beats and Mortality after Myocardial Infarction (1977)

To assess the role of ventricular premature beats in influencing mortality of coronary patients, 1739 men with prior myocardial infarction were monitored for ectopic activity for one hour at a standard base-line examination, and followed for mortality for periods up to four years (average, 24.4 months). Analyses of survival taking into account other important prognostic variables establish that the presence of complex premature beats (R on T, runs of 2 or more, multiform or bigeminal premature beats) in the monitoring hour is associated with a risk of sudden coronary death three times that of the men free of complex ventricular premature beats. The corresponding risk of death from any cause is twice that of men without such complex beats in the hour. These arrhythmias make an independent contribution to increased risk of death that persists over the length of this observation period.
Computational Intelligence for Efficient Numerical Design of Structures with Uncertain Parameters (2015)

An important task in engineering is the numerical design of structures. The current state of technology is characterized by deterministic thinking and practices. Fact is that all available data and information are characterized by uncertainty. An adequate consideration is necessary. The contribution gives an overview about approaches and methods for the numerical structural design, which consider the uncertainty of the data (a priori and design parameters). As the basis of the uncertainty modeling, the definition of polymorphic uncertainty models is proposed, to take real-world scenarios into account. Polymorphic uncertainty models allow the incorporation of the uncertainty characteristics variability (randomness), imprecision and incompleteness simultaneously. The direct consideration of data uncertainty in design tasks is for the optimization and the solution of the inverse problem not possible, due to the missing of rules for comparing uncertain quantities. An efficient approach is the formulation of surrogate models, differing in the order of evaluation uncertainty and solving the optimization task. This contribution presents the well known passive ("wait-and-see") and active ("here-and-now") approach for numerical design tasks analyzed with optimization or solving the inverse problem. The advantages and disadvantages of each concept are pointed out and the applicability, especially in early stages of design is demonstrated. Furthermore, numerical structural analysis, assessments, replacement models and reduction methods with uncertain data are outlined, leading to an efficient numerical design and to practical engineering solutions. This contribution demonstrates algorithms and methods for the numerical design concepts under consideration of polymorphic uncertainty models, by applying different surrogate models. Surrogate models allow the application of an appropriate uncertainty model. Suitable approaches for increasing numerical efficiency are reduction methods and replacement models among others. Reduction methods include model reduction, reducing the number of function calls and the complexity (e.g., The dimensionality with sensitivities). Replacement models are, e.g., Physically motivated and analytical metamodels. Analytical metamodel can be distinguished into approximation and classification methods. Numerically efficient classification algorithms are, e.g., Support Vector Machines or Self-Organizing Maps. Efficient approximate metamodels are, e.g., Artificial Neural Networks, Radial Basis Function Networks, and Extreme Learning Machines. The applicability of approach are demonstrated by means of engineering examples.
Hyphenated history: Knight-Taylor spinal orthosis. (2000)

This paper offers some interesting biographic information on the two men from whom the Knight-Taylor spinal orthosis takes its name. James Knight and Charles Taylor were two orthopedists from New York City who were interested in spinal care. They prescribed and fashioned their distinctive braces, aspects of which were combined by others, thus linking these two men in orthopedic hyphenated history.
Synthetic Studies of Rifamycins. III. The Partial Synthesis of Rifamycin Ansa-chain Compounds from Their Degradation Products (1981)

Abstract The ansa-chain compound methyl [methyl 2,4,6,8,10,11,12,13,14-nonadeoxy-4,6,8,10,14-penta-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-l-manno-β-d-galacto-(11E,13Z)-11,13-pentadecadienopyranosid]uronate (1a) and its (R)-2-bromo derivative, 1b, were transformed into the corresponding 7,9-diacetate 3a and 3b or the 7,9-acetonide 7a and 7b. The ozonolysis of 3a or 3b gave methyl 7,9-di-O-acetyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentadeoxy-4,6,8,10-tetra-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-l-manno-β-d-galacto-undecodialdopyranoside-(1,5) (4a) or its (R)-2-bromo derivative (4b) respectively. The Wittig condensation of 4b with (methoxycarbonylmethylene)triphenylphosphorane, followed by debromination with tributylstannane, afforded methyl [methyl-7,9-di-O-acetyl-2,4,6,8,10,11,12-heptadeoxy-4,6,8,10-tetra-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-l-manno-β-d-galacto-(E)-11-tridecenopyranosid]uronate (6a). The diisobutylaluminium hydride reduction of 6a, followed by acetonation, gave methyl 2,4,6,8,10,11,12-heptadeoxy-7,9-O-isopropylidene-4,6,8,10-tetra-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-l-manno-β-d-galacto-(E)-11-tridecenopyranoside-(1,5) (10a). The allylic alcohol, 10a, was converted into the allylic bromide, 12a, which then yielded the triphenylphosphonium bromide, 13a. The Wittig condensation of the reactive ylide generated from 13a with methyl pyruvate afforded a 4 : 5 mixture of 7a and its 13E-isomer. The partial synthesis of 1a was accomplished by the selective hydrolysis of the 7a isolated from the mixture.
The impact of inter-site distance and Time-to-Trigger on Handover performance in LTE-A HetNets (2015)

Future cellular networks as envisaged by mobile operators, are expected to consist of macro cells overlaid with small nodes in dense architectures. These multi-tier deployments pose challenges to Mobility Management procedures like Handover, since traditional algorithms fail to keep up with heterogeneity, thus causing degradations in Handover performance. Finding ways to reduce unnecessary Handovers, mainly for fast moving users, and boost offloading of the lower speed ones to small cells, are subjects undergoing intense study. Most studies propose solutions based on the appropriate selection of the key parameters involved in the Handover procedure, such as the Hysteresis Margin and Time-to-Trigger. However, they do not take into account the impact that inter-site distance has on the Handover performance. In this framework, we study the dependency of the Handover procedure on the inter-site distance between a small cell and the overlaid macro cell in a two-tier deployment. Moreover, a Handover performance analysis in terms of Handover, Radio Link Failure, Handover Failure and Ping-Pong probabilities is carried out and evaluated through extensive simulations. Finally, the impact of TTT on the Handover performance is presented, while it is concluded that the appropriate TTT value should be selected according to inter-site distance, user profile (i.e speed) and overall mobility in the network automatically and in line with the concept of Self-Organized Networks (SON).
Effect of Water Saturation History on the Strength of Low-Porosity Rocks (1976)

The purpose of the tests described in this paper was to investigate how the mechanical properties of rock observed in the tests are influenced by the whole saturation history of the specimen prior to testing. Three aspects of the saturation history were studied in this paper: the effect of drying and resaturating the specimen prior to testing, the effect of resaturation method, and the effect of the chemical nature of the resaturating fluid. Three rock types were used in the tests: a gneiss, a cemented sandstone, and a fine grained limestone. All three rocks had apparent porosities below 2 percent. Results of triaxial and splitting tests are reported in the paper. One series of specimens was brought from the site in its natural saturated state and tested without drying while the others were either air or oven dried and then resaturated prior to testing. The resaturation was performed either by immersing the specimen in water under vacuum, or by injecting the saturation fluid, under pressure, through a thin channel drilled along the specimen axis. Either distilled or seawater were used as the resaturating fluid. The results show that the inclusion of a drying and wetting cycle prior to testing has a clear overconsolidation effect on the rock behavior, that is, it increases its apparent strength. On the other hand, the channel saturation technique gives a better saturation of the specimen and results in a strength decrease. Finally, the results show that the chemical composition of the saturation fluid has also a significant effect on the measured rock strength. The practical conclusion to be drawn from this study is that representative rock samples, taken in connection with a given project, should, from the moment of coring until they are tested, be held under environmental conditions that are as close as possible to those which will prevail after the completion of the project. This implies that no drying and wetting cycles should be included if they are not expected to occur in practice. If this condition cannot be met, specimens should be saturated using a natural saturation fluid and using an efficient saturation technique such as the described axial channel saturation method.
P fimbriae and aerobactin as intestinal colonization factors for Escherichia coli in Pakistani infants (2001)

The carriage rate of a range of virulence genes was compared between resident and transient Escherichia coli strains obtained from the rectal flora of 22 home-delivered Pakistani infants 0-6 months old. Genes for the following virulence factors were assessed using multiplex PCR: P, type 1 and S fimbriae, three P fimbrial adhesin varieties, Dr haemagglutinin, K1 and K5 capsule, haemolysin and aerobactin. The E. coli strains examined here differed from those previously obtained from hosts in Western Europe in a lower prevalence of genes for P, S and type 1 fimbriae, K1 capsule and haemolysin. Nevertheless, genes for P fimbriae, the class II variety of papG adhesin, and aerobactin were significantly more common among resident than transient strains, as previously observed in a Swedish study. The results suggest that P fimbriae and aerobactin, previously implicated as virulence factors for urinary tract infection, might contribute to persistence of E. coli in the normal intestinal microflora.
Supplemental Tables S1-S3 from Evidence Implicating Immunological Host Effects in the Efficacy of Metronomic Low-Dose Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Panel of antibodies used for the mass cytometry assay (S1); Surface markers associated with metastasis (S2); Features extracted for each colony (S3).&lt;/p&gt;
Relaxor properties of TlInS/sub 2/ &gt;Fe&lt; composites with nanodomain state (2004)

Recent theoretical investigations predict that the thermal filling of trap centers could lead to an intricate sequence of phase transitions with unstable boundary state between the phases. This fact has motivated the experimental study of ferroelectric phase transitions in TlInS/sub 2/ <Fe xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> composites where the cationic impurities can form the capture levels (traps) at the bottom of the conduction band. In this paper the results of experimental investigation of dielectric, polarization and pyroelectric properties of TlInS/sub 2/ <Fe> composites are presented. It was shown that TlInS/sub 2/ <Fe> composites display all peculiarities that are typical for relaxor ferroelectrics.</Fe></Fe></Fe>
Clavulanic Acid, a Novel Inhibitor of β-Lactamases (1978)

Clavulanic acid, Z-(2R,5R)-3-(beta-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo-[3,2,0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid, has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the beta-lactamases of the Richmond types II, III, IV, and V. Inhibition is a time-dependent reaction and is irreversible. Clavulanic acid had poor antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimal inhibitory levels greater than 25 mug/ml. It did inhibit the majority of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at 0.1 mug/ml and Haemophilus influenzae at 6.3 mug/ml. Clavulanic acid acted synergistically with penicillins and cephalosporins to inhibit beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae. Clavulanic acid combined with ampicillin inhibited beta-lactamase-producing N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella sonnei.
Aberrantly expressed microRNAs in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma (2016)

Bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are frequently diagnosed urinary tract cancers. Recently developed molecular-targeted therapies for RCC have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy; however, no targeted therapeutics are currently approved for the treatment of BC, and few effective treatment options exist. Current studies have shown that small noncoding RNA molecules have major roles in cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate protein-/nonprotein-coding RNAs in human cells. A large body of evidence suggests that aberrantly expressed miRNAs are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers. In this paper, we review recently published miRNA expression signatures of BC and RCC. We focus on downregulated or upregulated miRNAs in multiple signatures and discuss putative target genes of miRNAs. Comparisons of RCC and BC expression signatures revealed that the two types of cancer showed opposite expression patterns for miR-200 family miRNAs (i.e., miR-141/200c and miR-200a/200b/429). We discuss in silico analysis of genes targeted by miR-200 family miRNAs and the molecular mechanisms underlying BC and RCC.
Ultrawideband - the next step in short-range wireless (2003)

Forces of economics and laws of physics have been driving the growth of short-range wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.116/a, Bluetooth/spl trade/, and most recently, ultrawideband. Developed initially for defense-related communications, ultrawideband offers data rates of 100-500 Mbps at distances of 2-10 meters, using an average radiated power of about 200 microwatts. With its low cost, low power, and small size, ultrawideband looks attractive for inter-connecting portable data-driven devices without wires as well as maximizing wireless spatial capacity measured in terms of bits/sec/square-meter.
Effects of GABA receptor antagonists on thresholds of P23H rat retinal ganglion cells to electrical stimulation of the retina (2011)

An electronic retinal prosthesis may provide useful vision for patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa (RP). In animal models of RP, the amount of current needed to activate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is higher than in normal, healthy retinas. In this study, we sought to reduce the stimulation thresholds of RGCs in a degenerate rat model (P23H-line 1) by blocking GABA receptor mediated inhibition in the retina. We examined the effects of TPMPA, a GABA(C) receptor antagonist, and SR95531, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, on the electrically evoked responses of RGCs to biphasic current pulses delivered to the subretinal surface through a 400 µm diameter electrode. Both TPMPA and SR95531 reduced the stimulation thresholds of ON-center RGCs on average by 15% and 20% respectively. Co-application of the two GABA receptor antagonists had the greatest effect, on average reducing stimulation thresholds by 32%. In addition, co-application of the two GABA receptor antagonists increased the magnitude of the electrically evoked responses on average three-fold. Neither TPMPA nor SR95531, applied alone or in combination, had consistent effects on the stimulation thresholds of OFF-center RGCs. We suggest that the effects of the GABA receptor antagonists on ON-center RGCs may be attributable to blockage of GABA receptors on the axon terminals of ON bipolar cells.
Medical staff literature grows. (1990)

Every now and then it pays to review the more thoughtful literature to make sure that what you learned on the job or in school is still current. Here are some recent books that provide important insights you won't get from reading magazines and newsletters or attending medical staff planning meetings.
High Precision Load Current Sensing Using On-Line Calibration of Trace Resistance (2008)

A method for the on-line calibration of a circuit board trace resistance at the output of a buck converter is described. The input current is measured with a precision resistor and processed to obtain a dc reference for the output current. The voltage drop across a trace resistance at the output is amplified with a gain that is adaptively adjusted to match the dc reference. This method is applied to obtain an accurate and high-bandwidth measurement of the load current in the modern microprocessor voltage regulator application (VRM), thus enabling an accurate dc load-line regulation as well as a fast transient response. Experimental results show an accuracy well within the tolerance band of this application, and exceeding all other popular methods.
Separating erasures from errors for decoding (2008)

Most decoding algorithms of linear codes, in general, are designed to correct or detect errors. However, many channels cause erasures in addition to errors. In principle, decoding over such channels can be accomplished by deleting the erased symbols and decoding the resulting vector with respect to a punctured code. For any given linear code and any given maximum number of correctable erasures, we introduce parity-check matrices yielding parity-check equations that do not check any of the erased symbols and which are sufficient to characterize all punctured codes corresponding to this maximum number of erasures. This allows for the separation of erasures from errors to facilitate decoding. The parity-check matrices typically have redundant rows. We give several constructions of such matrices and prove general bounds on their minimum sizes.
A new design approach for fiber DFB lasers with improved efficiency (2004)

The standard distributed feedback (DFB) laser optimization method is critically investigated and a new design approach based on the effective cavity length is presented. By applying this method in an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber, the pump-to-signal conversion ratio is increased by 40% for the same total device length and pumping conditions. The laser with the proposed design is produced and the theoretical results are verified by the experimental work.
WWOX P47T loss-of-function mutation induces epilepsy, progressive neuroinflammation, and cerebellar degeneration in mice phenocopying human SCAR12 (2022)

ABSTRACT WWOX gene loss-of-function (LoF) has been associated with neuropathologies resulting in developmental, epileptic, and ataxic phenotypes of varying severity based on the level of WWOX dysfunction. WWOX gene biallelic germline variant p.Pro47Thr (P47T) has been causally associated with a new form of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with epilepsy and intellectual disability (SCAR12). This mutation affects the WW1 protein binding domain of WWOX, impairing its ability to interact with canonical proline-proline-X-tyrosine motifs in partner proteins. We generated a mutant knock-in mouse model of Wwox P47T that phenocopies SCAR12. Wwox P47T/P47T mice displayed epilepsy, profound social behavior and cognition deficits, and poor motor coordination, and unlike KO models that survive only for 1 month, live beyond 1 year of age. These deficits progressed with age, and mice became practically immobile, suggesting severe cerebellar dysfunction. Wwox P47T/P47T mice exhibited signs of progressive neuroinflammation with elevated astro-microgliosis that increased with age. The cerebellar cortex displayed significantly reduced molecular and granular layer thickness and a strikingly reduced number of Purkinje cells with degenerated dendrites. Transcriptome profiling from various brain regions from these Wwox LoF mice highlighted widespread changes in neuronal and glial pathways, enrichment of bioprocesses related to neuroinflammation and severe cerebellar dysfunction, activation of pathways compatible with compensatory neurogenesis along with major suppression of gene networks associated with excitability, neuronal cell differentiation and brain development. Our results show significant pathobiological effects and potential mechanisms through which WWOX LoF leads to epilepsy, cerebellar neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and ataxia. Additionally, the mouse model described here will be a useful tool for the study of WWOX in common neurodegenerative conditions in which it has been identified as a novel risk factor.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Transfer Annulations: Access to Heterocyclic Scaffolds (2015)

Abstract Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: EINWIRKUNG VON GRIGNARD‐REAGENZIEN AUF FORMYLIERTE ENDIAMINE, ZUGANG ZU ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTEN ALPHA‐AMINO‐ALDEHYDEN (1974)

Abstract Die Endiamine (I), die als Gemisch bei der Vilsmeier‐Forrnylierung von 1,2‐Dipiperidi‐ no‐äthylen gebildet werden, lassen sich mit den Grignard‐Verbindungen (IIb) zu den Aminoaldehyden (IIIb) umsetzen, wobei diese als Gemische der E‐ und Z‐Isomeren auftreten.