gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on the clinical pharmacology of candesartan cilexetil (2000)

The renin-angiotensin system plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure through its primary effector hormone angiotensin II. Studies conducted nearly 30 years ago with peptidic angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) suggested that disruption of the renin-angiotensin system offered considerable promise for the treatment of hypertension as well as heart failure. This promise was initially realized with the advent of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and more recently with nonpeptidic ARB that selectively antagonize the AT1-angiotensin receptor subtype. The potent and long-acting agent candesartan cilexetil illustrates how these new ARB fulfill the promises suggested by the early studies. Candesartan cilexetil provides a clinically relevant, dose-dependent reduction in diastolic and systolic blood pressure at doses of 4 to 16 mg once daily in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Recent studies suggest that further blood pressure lowering is obtained with a 32-mg once daily dose. In comparative clinical trials, 8 mg of candesartan cilexetil and 10 to 20 mg of enalapril provided comparable antihypertensive effects. The safety and tolerability profile of candesartan cilexetil is comparable to placebo. Notably, this agent does not produce the dry, nonproductive cough that often limits use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, nor does it cause side effects that limit other antihypertensive drug classes. On the basis of the results of initial clinical studies, ARB also possess cardioprotective and renoprotective properties that promise to expand the role that these new agents will play in treating cardiovascular disorders.
Laser speckle formed disordered micro-meander structures for light extraction enhancement of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (2018)

A new approach for efficiently recovering the wasted light energy in conventional flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) is developed by implementing disordered micro-meander structures (DMMs) via laser speckle holography technology. Compared to conventional flat device architecture, the structured FOLEDs with DMMs result in substantial improvement of the device efficiency and superior angular color stability. The resulting current efficiency (CE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) are 1.31 and 1.39 times that of a common flat structure, respectively. Moreover, the proposed DMMs micro-structure simultaneously offers the unique characteristics of angular color stability with a wide viewing angle, which is usually considered as the criteria of the high-quality lighting applications. We hope that the demonstrated method could provide an alternative way for the development of high efficiency flexible OLEDs.
Propagation of Coal Dust Explosions in Pipes (1987)

This paper discusses the possibilities of pulverized coal explosions in pneumatic conveying. To characterize the coal dust explosions, we measured, at different points on rectilinear pipes, possibly connected to a 1-m3 vessel, explosion overpressures, Pmax, and flame speeds. Trials in an isolated, 250-mm-diameter, 20-m-long pipeline and ignition near a closed end showed the difficulty of the flame propagation that did not surpass 10 m with Pmax values at the maximum equal to 0.6 bar (60 kPa) for a one-end-open duct and 0.95 bar (95 kPa) for a closed duct. On the other hand, with the pipeline connected to a 1-m3 vessel, with ignition in the vessel, the Pmax values inside the pipe can reach 10 bar (1000 kPa) and flame speeds 1500 to 2000 m/s. When exchanging the 250-mm-diameter pipe for a 440-mm one, such a character is not obtained and flame speeds are 600 m/s at the maximum with overpressures around 2.5 bar (250 kPa). If the open end, 250-mm-diameter pipe connected to a 1-m3 vessel is only 10 m long, overpressures inside remain under that obtained in the vessel, that is, around 4 bar (400 kPa). With a 40-m-long pipe, the high speed flames seem unable to be sustained. In the 1-m3 vessel and 150-mm-diameter open end pipe system, the overpressures in the pipe have similar values to that obtained in the vessel (Pmax: 5 bar [500 kPa]) and the flame propagates up to 20 m. When the pipe is 40 m long, Pmax values remain the same, but the flame stops generally after 20 m. With closed end, 150- and 250-mm pipe connected to a 1-m3 vessel, flames cannot propagate the full length of the duct, but explosion overpressures may be 10 to 20 bar (1000 to 2000 kPa). For low concentration it has been noticed, outside the duct, that the concentration is heterogeneous but shows periodical figures; when the flame appears the same periodicity is found again. This may be due to the geometry of the studied system. All these trials demonstrate the difficulty of a pulverized coal explosion in a pipe with a diameter less than or equal to 250 mm and the influence of the dust cloud local concentration.
Contrast‐aware Halftoning (2010)

Abstract This paper proposes two variants of a simple but efficient algorithm for structure‐preserving halftoning. Our algorithm extends Floyd‐Steinberg error diffusion; the goal of our extension is not only to produce good tone similarity but also to preserve structure and especially contrast, motivated by our intuition that human perception is sensitive to contrast. By enhancing contrast we attempt to preserve and enhance structure also. Our basic algorithm employs an adaptive, contrast‐aware mask. To enhance contrast, darker pixels should be more likely to be chosen as black pixels while lighter pixels should be more likely to be set as white. Therefore, when the positive error is diffused to nearby pixels in a mask, the dark pixels absorb less error and the light pixels absorb more. Conversely, negative error is distributed preferentially to dark pixels. We also propose using a mask with values that drop off steeply from the centre, intended to promote good spatial distribution. It is a very fast method whose speed mainly depends on the size of the mask. But this method suffers from distracting patterns. We then propose a variant on the basic idea which overcomes the first algorithm's shortcomings while maintaining its advantages through a priority‐aware scheme. Rather than proceeding in random or raster order, we sort the image first; each pixel is assigned a priority based on its up‐to‐date distance to black or to white, and pixels with extreme intensities are processed earlier. Since we use the same mask strategy as before, we promote good spatial distribution and high contrast. We use tone similarity, structure similarity, and contrast similarity to validate our algorithm. Comparisons with recent structure‐aware algorithms show that our method gives better results without sacrificing speed.
Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) : Komponenten, Projekte, Services. Eine Bestandsaufnahme (2011)

"Ambient Assisted Living" (AAL) bezeichnet die Vision von Alltagsumgebungen, die den Menschen bei seinen täglichen Aktivitäten proaktiv unterstützen. Ambient Assisted Living zielt insbesondere darauf ab, das selbständige und selbstbestimmte Leben Älterer in der eigenen Häuslichkeit zu ermöglichen. Damit ist AAL eine wichtige Antwort auf die Herausforderungen des demographischen Wandels. Grundlage von AAL ist Sensor- und Aktortechnik, die in die Alltagsumgebung eingebettet ist, Analyse- und Steuerungssoftware, sowie Vernetzungstechnik (Hardware- und Software). AAL steht dabei nicht alleine für den Einsatz von moderner Technik. Der Mehrwert von AAL wird insbesondere aus der Verknüpfung von technischen Errungenschaften mit vorhandenen und innovativen Dienstleistungen generiert. Da innovative Dienstleistungen im AAL-Bereich jedoch bislang die Ausnahme bilden, wird in diesem Papier die technische Bestandsaufnahme im Vordergrund stehen. Ziel des ersten Teils dieses Werkes ist es, einen Überblick über AAL-Produkte und Lösungsansätze zu bieten und Potentiale für neue Entwicklungen zu identifizieren. Nachdem im Kapitel 1 AAL-Systeme in allgemeiner Hinsicht beleuchtet werden, wird in Kapitel 2 auf einige existierende Produkte und Services eingegangen. Anschließend werden die einzelnen Komponenten eines AAL-Systems aus technischer Sicht im Detail vorgestellt. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte werden in Kapitel 4 vorgestellt. Als Abschluss wird in Kapitel 5 der Handlungsbedarf identifiziert und es werden einige Handlungsempfehlungen zusammengetragen. Der zweite Teil dieses Werkes gibt einen detaillierten Überblick über einzelne Produkte und Services, sowie über Einzelkomponenten eines AAL-Systems.
CFD Modeling and Validation of Bubble Properties for a Bubbling Fluidized Bed (2005)

Simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD, FLUENT 6.0.20) and experiments were conducted on a scaled-down cold flow model of a gas−solid fluidized bed reactor used for the production of polyethylene. Using a Eulerian−Eulerian multiphase model based on the two-phase model of Anderson and Jackson (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1967, 6, 527−538) and Jackson (Chem. Eng. Sci. 1997, 52, 2457−2469; The Dynamics of Fluidized Bed Particles; Cambridge University Press: New York, 2000) simulations were conducted to determine the effect of several parameters; time step, differencing scheme, frictional stress, and closing equations on the bubble properties (predominantly bubble diameter). Once the model flexibility was accessed, the next step was to compare these result with those from experiments conducted using X-ray fluoroscopy. X-ray fluoroscopy was used to create a statistically significant data set. Preliminary experiments comparing the bubble diameter and axial bubble velocity were conducted using glass beads. The results demonstrated that, for glass beads, the average bubble diameters were comparable for CFD and experiments.
Second-trimester sonographic diagnosis of Down syndrome: role of femur-length shortening and nuchal-fold thickening (1988)

Relative shortening of femur length and nuchal-fold thickening were evaluated as sonographic signs for the prenatal detection of Down syndrome. The sonograms of 28 fetuses identified by amniocentesis as having trisomy 21 were reviewed. The sonograms of 128 fetuses with a normal karyotype were evaluated as a control group. The finding of either an actual-to-expected femur-length ratio of 0.91 or less or a nuchal-fold measurement of 6 mm or more detected Down syndrome with a sensitivity of 42% and a specificity of 88%. The positive predictive value for Down syndrome detection when using femur-length shortening alone was greater than that when using the combination of femur-length shortening and nuchal-fold thickness. We conclude that femur-length shortening may be potentially useful for the detection of Down syndrome, whereas nuchal-fold thickening has a limited role.
Pressure dependence of the rate coefficients and product yields for the reaction of CH3CO radicals with O2 (1997)

Relative rate coefficients for the reaction of acetyl (CH3CO) radicals with O2 (k4) and Cl2 (k7) have been obtained at 298 K and 228 K as a function of total pressure, using FTIR/environmental chamber techniques. Measured values of k4/k7 were placed on an absolute basis using k7=2.8×10−11 exp(−47/T) cm3 molec−1 s−1. At 298 K, the value of k4 is constant ((7±2)×10−13 cm3 molec−1 s−1) at pressures from 0.1 to 2 torr, then increases to a high pressure limiting value of (3.2±0.6)×10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1, which is approached at pressures above 300 torr. At 228 K, the low-pressure value of k4 increases by about 20–30%, while the high pressure value remains unchanged. Experiments designed to elucidate the products of reaction (4) as a function of pressure at 298 K indicate that the reaction occurs via a concerted mechanism in which CH3CO radicals combine with O2 to give an excited acetylperoxy radical (CH3COO2*) which is increasingly stabilized at high pressure at the expense of a low pressure decomposition channel. The yield of acetylperoxy radicals from reaction (4) decreases from >95% at pressures above 100 torr, to about 90% at 60 torr, and 50% at 6 torr. Indirect evidence for formation of OH radicals from the low pressure decomposition is presented, although the carbon-containing coproduct(s) of this channel could not be identified. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 655–663, 1997.
A Relay Level Set Method for Automatic Image Segmentation (2010)

This paper presents a new image segmentation method that applies an edge-based level set method in a relay fashion. The proposed method segments an image in a series of nested subregions that are automatically created by shrinking the stabilized curves in their previous subregions. The final result is obtained by combining all boundaries detected in these subregions. The proposed method has the following three advantages: 1) It can be automatically executed without human-computer interactions; 2) it applies the edge-based level set method with relay fashion to detect all boundaries; and 3) it automatically obtains a full segmentation without specifying the number of relays in advance. The comparison experiments illustrate that the proposed method performs better than the representative level set methods, and it can obtain similar or better results compared with other popular segmentation algorithms.
Lung disease, T-cells and inflammation in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (2013)

Our findings suggest that inflammation and T-cell activation may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of pulmonary complications in CVID.
IMPROVEMENT OF STRUCTURE CONSERVATION INDEX WITH CENTROID ESTIMATORS (2009)

RNAz, a support vector machine (SVM) approach for identifying functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), has been proven to be one of the most accurate tools for this goal. Among the measurements used in RNAz, the Structure Conservation Index (SCI) which evaluates the evolutionary conservation of RNA secondary structures in terms of folding energies, has been reported to have an extremely high discrimination capability. However, for practical use of RNAz on the genome-wide search, a relatively high false discovery rate has unfortunately been estimated. It is conceivable that multiple alignments produced by a standard aligner that does not consider any secondary structures are not suitable for identifying ncRNAs in some cases and incur high false discovery rate. In this study, we propose C-SCI, an improved measurement based on the SCI applying gamma-centroid estimators to incorporate the robustness against low quality multiple alignments. Our experiments show that the C-SCI achieves higher accuracy than the original SCI for not only human-curated structural alignments but also low quality alignments produced by CLUSTAL W. Furthermore, the accuracy of the C-SCI on CLUSTAL W alignments is comparable with that of the original SCI on structural alignments generated with RAF for which 4.7-fold expensive computational time is required on average.
Hydrangenol suppresses VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis by targeting p27KIP1-dependent G1-cell cycle arrest, VEGFR-2-mediated signaling, and MMP-2 expression (2019)

We previously reported that hydrangenol has potent antitumor activity against human bladder cancer EJ cells. Here, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of hydrangenol using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> models. Treatment with hydrangenol significantly inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner (EC<sub>50 </sub>= 10 μM). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that hydrangenol suppressed the VEGF-induced inhibition of G1-cell cycle phase and also decreased cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 levels. Hydrangenol-mediated arrest in the G1-cell cycle phase was associated with p27KIP1 level, but not p21WAF1 or p53 level. Hydrangenol also significantly inhibited VEGFR-2-mediated signaling pathways including ERK1/2, AKT, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation was independent of VEGF binding, thereby suggesting an allosteric regulation of hydrangenol against VEGFR-2. Additionally, hydrangenol inhibited migration, invasion, and capillary-like tubular formation in VEGF-stimulated HUVECs. Zymography and immunoblot analyses revealed that these inhibitory activities were partially owing to the VEGF-induced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. Finally, VEGF-mediated microvessel sprouting was inhibited in the presence of hydrangenol in <i>ex vivo</i> aortic ring assay. Taken together, hydrangenol possesses a potent antiangiogenesis potential; thus we believe that hydrangenol may be developed as a therapeutic reagent to treat angiogenesis-mediated diseases.
The relation between cartilage biomarkers (C2C, C1,2C, CS846, and CPII) and the long-term outcome of rheumatoid arthritis patients within the CAMERA trial (2011)

The change in C1,2C in the first year after onset of RA has a small added predictive value for disease severity over a 5-year period, but the predictive value of this biomarker combined with current predictive factors is too small to be of use for individual patients.
Automated selection of hypointense regions in diffusion-weighted breast MRI (2012)

Automated selection of hypointense regions in diffusion-weighted breast MRI This document has been downloaded from Chalmers Publication Library (CPL). It is the author´s version of a work that was accepted for publication in:
Charge-mode parallel architecture for matrix-vector multiplication (2002)

An internally analog, externally digital architecture for matrix-vector multiplication is presented. Fully parallel processing allows for high data throughput and minimal latency. The analog architecture incorporates an array of charge-mode analog computational cells with dynamic storage and row-parallel flash analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Each of the cells includes a dynamic storage element and a charge injection device computing binary inner product of two arguments. The matrix elements are stored in the array of computational cells in bit-parallel fashion, and the input vector is presented bit-serially. Digital post-processing is then performed on the ADC outputs to construct the resulting product with precision higher than that of each conversion. The analog architecture is tailored for high-density and low power VLSI implementation, and matrix dimensions of 128/spl times/512 and ADC resolution of 6 bits for an overall resolution in excess of 8 bits are feasible on a 3 mm/spl times/3 mm chip in standard CMOS 0.5 /spl mu/m technology.
Detection of radiation-induced changes in electrochemical properties of austenitic stainless steels using miniaturized specimens and the single-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method (1993)

Single-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation testing of miniaturized (TEM) specimens can provide reliable data comparable to data obtained with larger specimens. Significant changes in electrochemical properties (increased reactivation current and Flade potential) were detected for PCA and type 316 stainless steels irradiated at 200--420{degrees}C up to 7--9 dpa. Irradiations in the FFTF Materials Open Test Assembly and in the Oak Ridge Research Reactor are reported on. 45 figs., 5 tabs., 52 refs.
Clinical relevance of collagen protein degradation markers C3 M and C4 M in the serum of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy in the GeparQuinto trial (2019)

Remodeling of extracellular matrix through collagen degradation is a crucial step in the metastatic cascade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential clinical relevance of serum collagen degradation markers (CDM) C3 M and C4 M during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Synthesis of Heteroanellated Pyranosides Starting from Methyl 4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐2,3‐dideoxy‐α‐d‐erythro‐hexopyranosid‐2‐ylidenemalononitrile (2006)

Abstract The hexopyranosid‐2‐ylidenemalononitrile 1 reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of triethylamine to furnish (2R,4aR,6S,10bS)‐8‐amino‐4a,6,10,10b‐tetrahydro‐6‐methoxy‐2‐phenyl‐10‐phenylimino‐4H‐thiopyrano[3′,4′:4,5]pyrano[3,2‐d][1,3]dioxine‐7‐carbonitrile (2). Starting from 1, cyclization with sulphur and diethylamine yielded (2R,4aR,6S,9bR)‐8‐amino‐4,4a,6,9b‐tetrahydro‐6‐methoxy‐2‐phenylthieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrano[3,2‐d][1,3]dioxine‐7‐carbonitrile (3), which could be transformed into the corresponding aminomethylenamino derivative 4 by treatment with triethyl orthoformate and ammonia. Intramolecular cyclization of 4 to yield (2R,4aR,6S,11bR)‐4,4a,6,11b‐tetrahydro‐6‐methoxy‐2‐phenyl[1,3]dioxino[4″,5″:5′,6′]pyrano[3′,4′:4,5]thieno [2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐amine (5) was achieved by using NaH as base. (2R,4aR,6S,9bS)‐8‐Amino‐4a,6,9,9b‐tetrahydro‐6‐methoxy‐9‐(4‐methylphenyl‐sulfonyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐[1,3]dioxino[4′,5′:5,6]pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrrole‐7‐carbonitrile (6) was prepared by treatment of compound 1 with tosylazide and triethylamine. Keywords: HexopyranosidylidenemalononitrileHeteroanellated pyranosidesAnellated heterocyclesNucleoside analogs Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, and Dr. Otto Röhm Gedächtnisstiftung, Darmstadt, for financial support.
Varve formation and the climatic record in an Alpine proglacial lake: calibrating annually- laminated sediments against hydrological and meteorological data (1994)

Processes leading to the formation of varves in proglacial Oeschinensee (Switzerland) are investigated. The aim is to calibrate annually-laminated sediments of the last three decades against hydrological and meteorological instrumental data. Results from water samples and sediment traps show that the suspended sediment in the lake is mainly distributed by underflows during the time of the largest sediment input from May to mid-August. This leads to the deposition of the basal silt layers of the varves. Settling of fine-grained suspension from interflows dominates sedimentation between August and October, forming the final layer of fine-grained material at the end of the annual deposition cycle. The median grain-size at the top of the varves is always below 5 μm and thus defines the varve boundaries. Varve thickness is a function of the annual discharge of suspended load from the catchment. This is supported by evidence from hydrological and meteorological data compiled for a glaciated catchment (Loetschental) adjacent to Oeschinensee. Suspended sediment discharge is related to runoff which in turn is correlated with summer air temperature (correlation coefficients 0.66 and 0.70 respectively). Between AD 1962 and 1982, annual thicknesses of the Oeschinensee varve record showed a positive correlation with the average summer air temperature of the region (correlation coefficient 0.44).
An experimental 8-VSB demodulator (1997)

A hardware realization of a Grand Alliance 8-VSB demodulator featuring a flexible DSP controlled adaptive channel equalizer and channel- and signal quality measuring facilities is presented. The instrument might be tuned to all US UHF-channels and delivers an MPEG transport stream in three different formats. First field tests were carried out successfully in Washington and Las Vegas earlier this year.
International Tax Treaties of All Nations. By Walter H. Diamond and Dorothy B. Diamond. 10 volumes. [Dobbs Ferry: Oceana Publications Inc.1975–1976. $50.00 per volume.] (1978)

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