gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and electron-stimulated chemistry of Fomblin–Zdol lubricant on a magnetic disk (1995)

The thermal and electron-induced decomposition of Fomblin–Zdol lubricant on a rigid magnetic disk with a hard carbon overcoat are studied by temperature-programmed reaction/desorption spectroscopy and electron stimulated desorption. The thermal spectroscopy shows two desorption features peaked at 640 and 700 K resulting from decomposition of the Fomblin–Zdol molecules. The threshold temperature for dissociation of the Fomblin–Zdol molecule is at 500–550 K in accordance with the known thermal stability of the free molecule. HF originating from thermal reactions with either surface OH or surface CH groups is a prominent desorption product. Electron impact also causes Fomblin–Zdol dissociation. Two efficient mechanisms for electron impact dissociation have been resolved separately above and below the ionization threshold of ∼14 eV. The low-energy process is likely due to the formation of negative ions followed by dissociation (dissociative electron attachment) and has a cross section of ∼2×10−16 cm2. These results show that Fomblin–Zdol as a lubricant on a magnetic disk is inherently unstable thermally and in the presence of triboelectrons.
Recent Advances in Imaging Steroid Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer (2019)

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are important prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. PET using ER- and PR-specific radioligands enables a whole-body, noninvasive assessment of receptor expression. Recent investigations of ER imaging with <sup>18</sup>F-fluoroestradiol have focused on diagnosing ER-positive metastatic disease, optimizing ER-targeted drug dosage, and predicting endocrine therapy benefit. Studies of PR imaging with <sup>18</sup>F-fluorofuranyl norprogesterone have investigated how imaging changes in PR expression as a downstream target of ER activation may reflect an early response to ER-targeted therapy. This focused review highlights recent achievements in preclinical and clinical imaging of ER and PR in breast cancer.
Estimation of spatial and temporal variability of pasture growth and digestibility in grazing rotations coupling unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with crop simulation models (2019)

Systematic monitoring of pasture quantity and quality is important to match the herd forage demand (pasture removal by grazing or harvest) to the supply of forage with adequate nutritive value. The aim of this research was to monitor, assess and manage changes in pasture growth, morphology and digestibility by integrating information from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and two process-based models. The first model, Systems Approach to Land Use Sustainability (SALUS), is a process-based crop growth model used to predict pasture regrowth based on soil, climate, and management data. The second model, Morphogenetic and Digestibility of Pasture (MDP), uses paddock-scale values of herbage mass as input to predict leaf morphogenesis and forage nutritive value. Two field experiments were carried out on tall fescue- and ryegrass-based pastures under rotational grazing with lactating dairy cattle. The first experiment was conducted at plot scale and was used to calibrate the UAV and to test models. The second experiment was conducted at field scale and was used to test the UAV's ability to predict pasture biomass under grazing rotation. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from the UAV's multispectral reflectance (n = 72) was strongly correlated (p < 0.001) to plot measurements of pasture biomass (R2 = 0.80) within the range of ~226 and 4208 kg DM ha-1. Moreover, there was no difference (root mean square error, RMSE < 500 kg DM ha-1) between biomass estimations by the UAV (1971±350 kg ha-1) and two conventional methods used as control, the C-Dax proximal sensor (2073±636 kg ha-1) and ruler (2017±530 kg ha-1). The UAV approach was capable of mapping at high resolution (6 cm) the spatial variability of pasture (16 ha). The integrated UAV-modeling approach properly predicted spatial and temporal changes in pasture biomass (RMSE = 509 kg DM ha-1, CCC = 0.94), leaf length (RMSE = 6.2 cm, CCC = 0.62), leaf stage (RMSE = 0.7 leaves, CCC = 0.65), neutral detergent fiber (RMSE = 3%, CCC = 0.71), digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (RMSE = 8%, CCC = 0.92) and digestibility of dry matter (RMSE = 5%, CCC = 0.93) with reasonable precision and accuracy. These findings therefore suggest potential for the present UAV-modeling approach for use as decision support tool to allocate animals based on spatially and temporally explicit predictions of pasture biomass and nutritive value.
High-efficiency holographic volume index gratings in DR1-dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (2002)

Holographic volume index gratings with high diffraction efficiency (greater than 80%) are recorded in a thick sample of Disperse Red 1-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) with red light (647 nm), which is far away from the absorption peak (488 nm) of the material. Measurements of photoinduced birefringence and polarization holography recording confirm that the azo-dye reorientation mechanism is responsible for the grating formation. Energy coupling between the two writing beams is observed even when the incident beams have equal intensity.
Preservation of intraalveolar surfactant in a rat lung ischaemia/reperfusion injury model (2000)

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a major problem in clinical lung transplantation, is associated with surfactant dysfunction. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that preservation related improvements in post-ischaemic lung function are associated with improved ultrastructural preservation of pulmonary surfactant. Rat lungs were flush perfused with modified Euro-Collins solutions (ECS), stored for 2 h at 4 degrees C, and reperfused for 40 min. Lungs were preserved with conventional (ECS 115: 115 mmol x L(-1) K+), medium-K+ (ECS 40: 40 mmol x L(-1) K+), or low-K+ (ECS 10: 10 mmol x L(-1) K+) ECS. Functional parameters were monitored during reperfusion (n=10 per group). After reperfusion, left lungs were prepared for electron microscopical and stereological analysis of surfactant (n=5 per group). In all three experimental groups notable I/R injury developed which was lowest in ECS 40 as indicated by significantly less intraalveolar oedema, higher perfusate oxygenation, and lower peak inspiratory pressure. This was associated with a significantly superior preservation of the ultrastructure of the surface active surfactant subtype tubular myelin in ECS 40 compared with ECS 115 and ECS 10. Stereological analysis revealed that the relative amount of tubular myelin was highest in ECS 40 (mean+/-SEM; 6.2+/-0.8%) compared with ECS 115 (3.0+/-1.0%) and ECS 10 (2.7+/-1.6%). Analysis of surfactant in its natural location within the organ showed that the severity of ischaemia/reperfusion injury correlates with differences in intraalveolar surfactant composition. Improved post-ischaemic respiratory function achieved by medium-K+ Euro-Collins solution is associated with superior ultrastructural preservation of tubular myelin. It is concluded that the integrity of surface active tubular myelin represents an important criterion for the assessment of lung preservation quality.
Effect of metal salts and fructose on the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in emulsions. (1988)

Sugars such as pentose, hexose and reducing disaccharide have been demonstrated to be strong prooxidants of methyl linoleate or linoleic acid in aqueous emulsion systems.1 ~4) In the previous papers,4'5* we have reported that the prooxidant effect of reducing sugars on the autoxidation of methyl linoleate depends on trace amounts of metal ions in the reaction system; these sugars reduce metal ions in the reaction system, and the reduced
Regulation of tumor angiogenesis by the microtubule-binding protein CLIP-170 ESEARCH ARTICLE R (2013)

Angiogenesis, the expansion of preexisting blood vessels, is a complex process required for tumor growth and me- tastasis. Although current antiangiogenic strategies have shown promising results in several cancer types, identifi - cation of additional antiangiogenic targets is required to improve the therapeutic response. Herein, we show that the microtubule-binding protein CLIP-170 (cytoplasmic linker protein of 170 kDa) is highly expressed in breast tumor samples and correlates positively with blood ves- sel density. Depletion of CLIP-170 signifi cantly impaired vascular endothelial tube formation and sprouting in vitro and inhibited breast tumor growth in mice by decreasing tumor vascularization. Our data further show that CLIP- 170 is important for the migration but not the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, CLIP-170 pro- motes the polarization of endothelial cells in response to the angiogenic stimulus. These fi ndings thus demonstrate a critical role for CLIP-170 in tumor angiogenesis and sug- gest its potential as a novel antiangiogenic target.
Effect of antiretroviral drugs on the quality of semen (2011)

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine which antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are associated with changes in the characteristics of semen and the impact of these ARVs according to their score penetration into the male genital compartment. Data from 144 men infected with HIV-1 enrolled in an Assisted Reproductive Technology program were analyzed retrospectively. A seminal penetration score of ARV was based on the available literature. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test were used. There was no difference on sperm parameters between NRTI, NNRTI, or PI regimen. In patients receiving NRTIs or PIs no differences were observed between antiretrovirals of these classes. However, in patients receiving NNRTIs, nevirapine (n = 22) was associated with a higher percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (P < 0.0001) versus efavirenz (n = 38) as well as vitality (P = 0.0004). No relationship was observed between semen quality and the penetration score. NRTIs and PIs were not associated with any semen changes. Nevirapine was associated with a better quality of semen versus efavirenz. It would be of interest to validate, improve and test our penetration score in a prospective study.
Optimal Task Scheduling for Distributed Cluster With Active Storage Devices and Accelerated Nodes (2018)

With advancements in compute-intensive and memory-bound applications, the need for faster and more energy-efficient processing platforms continues. In support of these advancements, heterogeneous platforms have been proposed to enhance the performance and efficiency in the cloud. These platforms include field programmable gate arrays and graphical processing units in addition to general-purpose processors. Furthermore, there is a strong interest in advancing active solid-state drives to support both storage and computation. In this paper, we present a generic formulation to support the modeling of such a heterogeneous cloud environment, without being specific to a particular cloud platform such as Spark or Hadoop. We represent the cloud as a collection of clients, middleware control nodes, and high performance compute nodes (HPN), where the HPNs represent the options of advanced compute technologies in a heterogeneous cloud. The objective of the paper is to present a simple and efficient formulation for scheduling applications in such a heterogeneous cloud. Consistent with recent software modeling of artificial intelligence applications, we propose to map applications into directed acyclic graph representations of tasks. The optimization problem is then formulated to infer the best scheduling of tasks on the HPNs, while minimizing the overall execution time and data communication delays between nodes. Unlike existing scheduling algorithms that assume equal performance across nodes, our formulation explicitly takes into account the different compute capabilities of the heterogeneous nodes. The resulting task scheduling is then evaluated to provide insights into the performance gains with the proposed advanced heterogeneous cloud computing environment. The results show improved performance when comparing the proposed taskscheduling algorithm with the genetic algorithm and heterogeneous earliest finish time algorithms. We also show the performance gains achieved with the optimal task scheduling on a heterogeneous cloud system as compared with a conventional CPU-only cloud system.
A column approximate minimum degree ordering algorithm (2000)

Sparse Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting computes the factorization PAQ = LU of a sparse matrix A, where the row ordering P is selected during factorization using standard partial pivoting with row interchanges. The goal is to select a column preordering, Q, based solely on the nonzero pattern of A such that the factorization remains as sparse as possible, regardless of the subsequent choice of P. The choice of Q can have a dramatic impact on the number of nonzeros in L and U. One scheme for determining a good column ordering for A is to compute a symmetric ordering that reduces ll-in in the Cholesky factorization of A T A. This approach, which requires the sparsity structure of A T A to be computed, can be expensive both in This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number DMS-9803599; in part by the Director, Oce of Science, Division of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energ...
A Novel Frac-Optimized Perforating System for Unconventional Wells: Development and Field-Trial (2017)

Abstract Production optimization in unconventional reservoirs has traditionally been driven by hydraulic stimulation technologies. One critical technology that has been historically overlooked is the actual perforations through which the stimulation treatment is performed. While many technologies have been updated and optimized for unconventional well applications, perforating gun systems have remained largely unchanged. Conventional perforating guns create long, spiral-pattern perforations that enable effective hydraulic fracture treatments in vertical wells. However, in horizontal wells that are drilled perpendicularly to the least principal stress plane, this design is inefficient, leading to issues of tortuosity and competing fractures. This situation eventually leads to inadequate formation treatment, locking hydrocarbons within the reservoir. In this study, we present a novel, game-changing frac-optimized perforating system that features an efficient gun design and an optimized perforating pattern that enhances fracture treatments, improves overall drainage and increases operational efficiency. The system features only three shaped charges that are orthogonally oriented with the objective of focusing treatment pressures to maximize fracture length and reach while achieving the benefit of reducing competing fractures and tortuosity near the wellbore. This also enables more proppant and fluid to penetrate the formation, reduce pressure drop across the wellbore and minimize choking during flow back. Additionally, the shorter gun length and decreased number of shaped charges provide greater operational efficiency and reduced HSE risk. Following system qualification and operational planning, a field trial was recently conducted for an operator using the frac-optimized perforating gun system. The system was deployed in two of the stages in a 55-stage well completion. The operation was successfully run on both stages and results showed that the treatment pressures during the frac operation were smaller than in the stages perforated with conventional guns. Further, the desired flow rate of 100BPM was achieved faster with the frac-optimized gun system. The stages where this system was run also had a noticeable operating time reduction in comparison with their adjacent conventional gun stages.
PhotoOCR: Reading Text in Uncontrolled Conditions (2013)

We describe Photo OCR, a system for text extraction from images. Our particular focus is reliable text extraction from smartphone imagery, with the goal of text recognition as a user input modality similar to speech recognition. Commercially available OCR performs poorly on this task. Recent progress in machine learning has substantially improved isolated character classification, we build on this progress by demonstrating a complete OCR system using these techniques. We also incorporate modern data center-scale distributed language modelling. Our approach is capable of recognizing text in a variety of challenging imaging conditions where traditional OCR systems fail, notably in the presence of substantial blur, low resolution, low contrast, high image noise and other distortions. It also operates with low latency, mean processing time is 600 ms per image. We evaluate our system on public benchmark datasets for text extraction and outperform all previously reported results, more than halving the error rate on multiple benchmarks. The system is currently in use in many applications at Google, and is available as a user input modality in Google Translate for Android.
Detection and quantification ofMycoplasma gallisepticumgenome load in conjunctival samples of experimentally infected house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (2008)

A TaqMan-based real-time, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay utilizing the mgc2 gene was developed to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum in conjunctival swabs of experimentally infected house finches. The assay was demonstrated to be quantitative by the standard curve method with reproducible results within runs and between runs. The detection limit of the mgc2 assay was examined using two standards. The test had a detection limit of less than 14 copies per reaction when tested with a plasmid standard and less than 10 copies per reaction when tested with M. gallisepticum genomic DNA. All M. gallisepticum-negative birds (10 specific pathogen free chickens and 10 house finches) were negative by mgc2 qPCR assay. Existing evidence suggests that an important part of M. gallisepticum pathogenesis includes both its attachment to and invasion of host cells. Thus, our test also made use of rag-1 as an internal control gene. The rag-1 qPCR results showed that host cell quantity varied greatly between conjunctival samples. After inoculation, M. gallisepticum levels in the house finch conjunctiva increased over the 7-day period post infection. The bird with the most pronounced clinical conjunctivitis harboured the highest level of M. gallisepticum and the bird that did not develop conjunctivitis had very low numbers of M. gallisepticum. Thus, it appears that development of conjunctivitis may correlate with M. gallisepticum load.
Differential gene expression shows natural brominated furanones interfere with the autoinducer‐2 bacterial signaling system of Escherichia coli (2004)

The quorum sensing disrupter (5Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone (furanone) of the alga Delisea pulchra was previously found by us (Environ Microbiol 3:731-736, 2001) to inhibit quorum sensing in Escherichia coli via autoinducer-2 (AI-2, produced by LuxS). In this study, DNA microarrays were used to study the genetic basis of this natural furanone inhibition of AI-2 signaling (significant values with p < 0.05 are reported). Using DNA microarrays, the AI-2 mutant Escherichia coli DH5alpha was compared with the AI-2 wild-type strain, E. coli K12, to determine how AI-2 influenced gene expression. Escherichia coli K12 was also grown with 0 and 60 microg/mL furanone to study the inhibition of quorum sensing gene expression. It was found that 166 genes were differentially expressed by AI-2 (67 were induced and 99 were repressed) and 90 genes were differentially expressed by furanone (34 were induced and 56 were repressed). Importantly, 79% (44 out of 56) of the genes repressed by furanone were induced by AI-2, which indicated that furanone inhibited AI-2 signaling and influenced the same suite of genes as a regulon. Most of these genes have functions of chemotaxis, motility, and flagellar synthesis. Interestingly, the aerotaxis genes aer and tsr were discovered to be induced by AI-2 and repressed by furanone. Representative microarray results were confirmed by RNA dot blotting. Furthermore, the E. coli air-liquid interface biofilm formation was repressed by furanone, supporting the results that taxis and flagellar genes were repressed by furanone. The autoinducer bioassay indicated that 100 microg/mL furanone decreased the extracellular concentration of AI-2 2-fold, yet luxS and pfs transcription were not significantly altered. Hence, furanone appeared to alter AI-2 signaling post-transcriptionally.
Liquid fixation of endometrial brush cytology ensures a well-preserved, representative cell sample with frequent tissue correlation (1996)

Endometrium was obtained by brushing 656 hysterectomy specimens with a MedScand cytobrush (Hollywood, FL) in order to evaluate linking an easy-to-use liquid fixative with brush-sampling of the endometrium, and to determine the fixative's operating characteristics when applied to brush-sampling the endometrium. Liquid-fixed brush-samples yielded 4 to 6 slides per case, and any one slide accurately represented the case diagnosis. Tissue fragments were incidentally collected by the brush in 524 cases (79.9%), were least often obtained from senile and weakly proliferative endometria, and were always obtained from high-grade endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas. With tissue fragments obtained by brush-sampling, the diagnosis matched that of the hysterectomy endometrium. Cytology alone separated benign endometrium from high-grade atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma, showing that clinical decision-making can be based on endometrial brush cytology collected into a liquid fixative. Furthermore, the addition of tissue-fragment histology increased the diagnostic accuracy of the endometrial brushing procedure to 92.5% overall and 100% for high-grade atypical hyperplasias and carcinomas. At this juncture, we advocate endometrial brushing as a sensitive and generally specific case-finding technique; and perhaps as experience teaches us to distinguish low-grade nontypical hyperplasias from purely physiological changes of the endometrium, it may become accepted as a definitive diagnostic method. The advantages of examining a liquid-fixed suspension are that 1) because these preparations are homogeneous from slide to slide, with any one slide affording the same diagnosis as any other slide from the same case, the number of slides examined may be greatly reduced, and 2) tissue fragments can be used to quality-control the cytology diagnosis in the majority of cases, especially in cases of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 1996;14:367–373. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Application of Interdental Distraction Osteogenesis on A Unilateral Cleet Lip and Palate Patient with a Wide Alveolar Cleef - A Case Report (2002)

The ratio of”Anterior Open Bite”cases is less than 5% in clinic,thus Orthodontists are out of practice onexperience and technique.In this report,we would like to compare one male and female patient,though theexamination diagnosis,undergone”None extraction-MEAW Technic”and”Extraction”toimprove the anterior openbite on account of different requirements and space.The report is based on the contrast between these twotreatments to reveal similarities and dissimilarities.(J.Taiwan Assoc.Orthod.14(3):26-38,2002)