gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological Stability and Performance of Polymer–Fullerene Solar Cells under Thermal Stress: The Impact of Photoinduced PC60BM Oligomerization (2014)

We report a general light processing strategy for organic solar cells (OSC) that exploits the propensity of the fullerene derivative PC60BM to photo-oligomerize, which is capable of both stabilizing the polymer:PC60BM active layer morphology and enhancing the device stability under thermal annealing. The observations hold for blends of PC60BM with an array of benchmark donor polymer systems, including P3HT, DPP-TT-T, PTB7, and PCDTBT. The morphology and kinetics of the thermally induced PC60BM crystallization within the blend films are investigated as a function of substrate and temperature. PC60BM nucleation rates on SiOx substrates exhibit a pronounced peak profile with temperature, whose maximum is polymer and blend-composition dependent. Modest illumination (<10 mW/cm(2)) significantly suppresses nucleation, which is quantified as function of dose, but does not affect crystalline shape or growth, in the micrometer range. On PEDOT:PSS substrates, thermally induced PC60BM aggregation is observed on smaller (≈ 100 nm) length scales, depending upon donor polymer, and also suppressed by light exposure. The concurrent thermal dissociation process of PC60BM oligomers in blend films is also investigated and the activation energy of the fullerene-fullerene bond is estimated to be 0.96 ± 0.04 eV. Following light processing, the thermal stability, and thus lifetime, of PCDTBT:PC60BM devices increases for annealing times up to 150 h. In contrast, PCDTBT:PC70BM OSCs are found to be largely light insensitive. The results are rationalized in terms of the suppression of PC60BM micro- and nanoscopic crystallization processes upon thermal annealing caused by photoinduced PC60BM oligomerization.
Saving and Reading Images (2014)

Images are saved using IMAQ Write File, which is found from the function palette in Vision and Motion«Vision Utilities»Files. Various kinds of image formats such as BMP, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF can be selected to save image file using the IMAQ Write File function. The value for Image Quality ranges from 1 to 1000 depending on the image quality required. This chapter discusses the SubVI for creating a folder. To save the acquired images, the folder name of Save is created as a subfolder of the current VI's path. In case the folder already exists, the folder including all the files contained in the folder is deleted by using Delete function. Then a folder with the same name is created using the Open/Create/Replace File.vi. To read image files from the image folder, the folder is scanned of its contents to obtain the number of saved image files in the folder.
Abstract B64: Structure and preclinical characterization of BMN 673, a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor as an anticancer agent. (2011)

Abstract In this presentation we will present the chemical structure, biological activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of BMN 673, a potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP)-1 and -2. PARP-1 and -2 are key nuclear enzymes that are activated by DNA damage and play a critical role in the base excision DNA repair (BER) pathway. Inhibitors of PARP-1 and -2 could enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA damaging agents by preventing cancer cells from repairing DNA damage. In addition, PARP inhibitors have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells that are deficient in BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 function. A previously unexplored chemical scaffold was discovered with good PARP inhibitory activity. Optimization of this scaffold produced BMN 673, the most potent PARP inhibitor reported to date. BMN 673 selectively kills cancer cells with BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations. In xenograft tumor model studies, oral dosing of BMN 673 results in complete regression of the BRCA-deficient tumors. In addition to BRCA-1/2 mutations, we examined the correlation of other DNA repair defects with the tumor cells' sensitivity to BMN 673 treatment. We show that tumor cells with PTEN mutation are highly sensitive to BMN 673 treatment in vitro. Xenograft tumor models that harbor PTEN deficiency responded to oral BMN 673 treatment with significant tumor growth delay. Deficiencies in ATM and other homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair genes, as well as unidentified genetic deficiencies, result in sensitivity to cell killing by BMN 673 in head-and-neck cancer, myeloma, and mantle cell lymphoma. These results suggest that BMN 673 may be a valid treatment option for cancers with these genetic defects. In animal PK/PD studies, BMN 673 displays good oral bioavailability and PK properties, and demonstrates significant in vivo PARP inhibition in xenograft tumors and other tissues. BMN 673 is currently in phase 1 clinical trials in patients with solid tumors or hematological malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B64.
The feminine mystake: Betty Friedan and the dogma of domesticity in 1950s America (2011)

This thesis discusses the experience had by women who attended college in America in the 1950s alongside the history of the period that was presented by Betty Friedan in The Feminine Mystique (1963). Friedan’s version of events has since become the dominant history of the period, but in this thesis I have attempted to redress this mistake. The thesis first discusses how The Feminine Mystique has been treated both by historians and popular culture since its publication, and how this has affected the way the period and the women who lived through it are perceived today. The first chapter focuses on Friedan’s treatment of women’s magazines from the period, and argues that both the magazines she discussed, and the others that were available, did not present as monotone a representation of the female college student as Friedan suggested in The Feminine Mystique. The final two chapters discuss the actual experience had by students in attendance at Smith College, Friedan’s alma mater, at the end of the 1950s; the high academic standard that students were required to reach, the influence the Cold War had on women’s education, the job opportunities which were available to female students and the paths they chose to follow after graduation.
Extraction and spatial pattern of vegetation cover fraction of the Yiluo Basin (2013)

The extraction of vegetation cover information has significance for watershed resource and environmental quality assessment, management and development, and sustainable development. This paper extracts the vegetation fraction using the 2009 TM image data of the Yiluo River Basin, based on the dimidiate pixel model. Vegetation fraction is divided into five categories from low to high in order to study the spatial variation of vegetation cover situation. The results show that the basin's vegetation cover is good overall, with an average 60%. High value region of vegetation cover is located in Luanchuan, and near Bear Ear Mountain, and the southern of Luonan County. The low value region is located in Song County and the River part of Luoning County. The area of vegetation's fraction is greater than 80%, and accounts for 57% of the entire study area, mainly concentrated in the Luhun reservoir to Luoning County. Less than 20% accounts for less than 5%, and mainly along both sides of the rivers, Luonan County and Luoyang City. The results will provide the basis for regional development and controlling.
Pore-scale simulation of dispersion and reaction along a transverse mixing zone in two-dimensional heterogeneous porous medium composed of randomly- sized, shaped and distributed circular and elliptical cylinders (2006)

Several studies have demonstrated the important role played by transverse dispersion along the lateral fringe of chemical plumes in porous media. For example, the success of natural and engineered in-situ remediation relies on the transverse mixing of reactive chemicals or nutrients. Field, laboratory, and theoretical studies have also demonstrated that the length scale of transverse mixing zones can be very small, often on the order of millimeters or centimeters. In order to study dispersion, mixing and reaction at this scale, we have developed a pore-scale modeling approach that consists of the following: (a) geometric construction of a packed bed of randomly sized, shaped and randomly oriented grains; (b) solution for the steady flow field by the lattice-Boltzmann method; (c) solution for the steady- state distribution of reactive chemicals using a finite volume code. Due to the extreme computational burden of pore-scale simulation, we restrict our modeling to two space dimensions. We illustrate our approach through a steady-state system of two reactants injected side-by-side parallel to the mean flow direction; a kinetic dual-Monod reaction rate law is assumed. We first estimate the transverse dispersion coefficient through comparison of a continuum-scale model to the pore- scale simulation of the spread of a nonreactive solute. We then simulate the reactive case for a range of conditions (e.g., flow rate, rate coefficient, pore geometry) and compute the product formed by the reaction. We investigate whether use of the transverse dispersion coefficient gives the proper degree of mixing to accurately simulate the amount of product formed in the system. The results are compared with available experimental evidence and theoretical findings. The numerical simulations reveal new insights into the underlying processes of transport, mixing and reaction at the pore-scale.
Synthesis and characterization of eco‐friendly siloxane‐semifluorinated polyurethane coatings for underwater application (2019)

ABSTRACT Siloxane‐semifluorinated polyurethane coatings were prepared for robust underwater application. Initially, acrylic polyol (FS‐GPTACP)‐containing fluoroalkoxysilane (1H,1H,2H,2H‐Perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane) pendant group was synthesized by the free‐radical polymerization method. Different weight percentages of polydimethylsiloxane (0, 10, and 20 wt %) were added to the polyol to tune the mechanical and the surface energy of the coating. Subsequently, this polyol mixture was cured with 4, 4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H 12 MDI) to prepare a series of siloxane‐semifluorinated polyurethane–urea hybrid coatings (APUS 0%, APUS 10%, and APUS 20%). The synthesized coating showed low surface energy, hydrophobicity with exceptional water, and alkali resistance. Moreover, the coating displayed excellent mechanical properties with low pseudobarnacle adhesion strength. The coatings also showed nontoxicity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial strains. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47720.
Preclinical experience with a novel single-port platform for transoral surgery (2021)

From this initial proof of concept experience with this novel platform, we found a wide range of procedures within the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx to be feasible. Further work is needed to evaluate its applicability to the clinical setting. The ability of this platform to be used with conventional instrumentation may provide an opportunity for complex transoral surgery to be performed in a facile manner at greatly reduced cost.
<title>Comparison of automatic shot boundary detection algorithms</title> (1998)

Various methods of automatic shot boundary detection have been proposed and claimed to perform reliably. Detection of edits is fundamental to any kind of video analysis. It segments a video into its basic components, that is, the shots. However, only few comparative investigations on early shot boundary detection algorithms have been published. These investigations mainly concentrate on measuring the edit detection performance. However, they do not consider the algorithms' ability to classify the types, and to locate the boundaries of the edits correctly. This paper extends these comparative investigations. More recent algorithms designed explicitly to detect specific complex editing operations, such as fades and dissolves, are taken into account. In addition, their ability to classify the types and locate the boundaries of such edits are examined. The algorithms' performance is measured in terms of hit rate, number of false hits, and miss rate for hard cuts, fades, and dissolves, over a large and diverse set of video sequences. The experiments show that while hard cuts and fades can be detected reliably, dissolves are still an open research issue. The false hit rate for dissolves is usually unacceptably high, ranging from 50 percent up to more than 400 percent. Moreover, all algorithms seem to fail under roughly the same conditions.
Positive and Negative Regulators of Sclerostin Expression (2022)

Sclerostin is secreted from osteocytes, binds to the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5/6, and affects the interaction between Wnt ligands and Lrp5/6, which inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signals and suppresses bone formation. Sclerostin plays an important role in the preservation of bone mass by functioning as a negative regulator of bone formation. A sclerostin deficiency causes sclerosteosis, which is characterized by an excess bone mass with enhanced bone formation in humans and mice. The expression of sclerostin is positively and negatively regulated by many factors, which also govern bone metabolism. Positive and negative regulators of sclerostin expression and their effects are introduced and discussed herein based on recent and previous findings, including our research.
Modeling of nMOS transistors for simulation of hot-carrier-induced device and circuit degradation (1992)

The authors present an accurate one-dimensional device model for the simulation of nMOS transistors with hot-carrier-induced oxide damage. The model uses a realistic charge density distribution profile to account for the localization of the oxide-interface charge near the drain. Model simulation results obtained for nMOS transistors with hot-carrier-induced oxide damage demonstrate good agreement with the experimental data. The amount and the location of the hot-carrier-induced oxide damage are simulated by using only a few parameters, which simplifies the implementation of the model in a reliability simulation environment. The proposed model has been implemented in the iSMILE circuit simulator, and the capabilities of the model have been explored by various circuit simulation examples. The damaged-MOSFET model presented offers a simple and accurate approach for simulating the circuit behavior after hot-carrier damage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The future of storage (2015)

When it comes to computer storage, the magnetic disk has been top dog for almost half a century. The first commercial disks appeared in 1956, and by the early 1970s their cost and capacity had improved to the point where they began to replace magnetic tape as the primary storage medium for computers. By the end of that decade, tapes had been relegated mostly to a backup role. Since then, disk technology has improved at an exponential rate, just like integrated circuits. Nowadays, a typical drive holds 20,000 times as much data as it did in 1985, and on a perbyte basis, disks cost one-millionth of what they did then.
Design of drain junction in polysilicon MOSFETs (1991)

Abstract It has been reported that when polycrystalline silicon is used for the active layer in an MOS transistor, the breakdown voltage in the drain junction is low and the junction leakage current is high. In this paper, the behavior of the drain junction was analyzed and the optimum design was carried out. It was found that in the drain junction, the current generated at the Si‐SiO 2 interface predominates when the electric field is low and the tunnel current predominates when the field exceeds 2 × 10 5 V/cm. To improve the junction characteristic without degradation of the transistor driving efficiency, a high‐resistance drain was used. As a result, it was found that the optimum resistance was 5 to 100 kohm/sq. To control this resistance, it is important to minimize the local state density. To achieve this goal, the polycrystalline silicon should be 10 to 50 nm thick. The solid‐phase growth technique is effective in improving the crystallinity. This paper will show that it is possible to design a polycrystalline silicon transistor with high breakdown voltage, low leakage current, and high mutual conductance.
Applications of high-temperature-superconducting filters and cryoelectronics for satellite communication (2000)

Filtering of the signals from satellites in ground-based satellite-communication receivers using high-temperature superconducting filters will be discussed in this paper, including the use of cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers and cooled RF switches. In addition to the RF circuits, a detailed discussion of the needed support, such as cryocoolers and Dewar, will be held. Uses for the system will be discussed and a demonstration described.
Compensating Displacement of Amplitude-panned Virtual Sources (2002)

The localization of amplitude-panned virtual sources is biased towards the median plane when loudspeakers are not positioned symmetrically with the median plane. The bias is measured using listening tests and with computational modeling of virtual source perception. A modification to an existing pair-wise panning method is proposed that compensates the displacement of virtual sources. The proposed method is evaluated by interpreting conducted listening test results, and by simulating virtual sources with computational modeling. Evaluations suggest that the bias is non-existing with the proposed method.
Tunable photo-induced electronic property of octahedral metal clusters (2021)

The tunable photo-induced electronic property of the Cs2[{Mo6Bri8}Bra6] and Br2[{Ta6Bri12}(H2O)a6] octahedral metal cluster-based compounds was characterized by the zeta potential measurement upon irradiation by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light. The enhancement of the electronic charge on the surface of the [{Mo6Bri8}Bra6]2- cluster-based anion caused by the irradiation increased the negative zeta potential. Both compounds showed the dependence of the zeta potential as a function of the light excitation. This will be a promising property for sensor applications based on the reversibility of the photo-electrochemical properties of the functional cluster.
Formation of Irreversible Nearly Transparent Physical Polymeric Hydrogels during a Modified Microemulsion Polymerization (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTFormation of Irreversible Nearly Transparent Physical Polymeric Hydrogels during a Modified Microemulsion PolymerizationWeihua Ming, Yiqiang Zhao, Jun Cui, Shoukuan Fu, and Frank N. JonesView Author Information Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, and Coatings Research Institute, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 2, 528–530Publication Date (Web):December 29, 1998Publication History Received27 August 1998Revised10 November 1998Published online29 December 1998Published inissue 1 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9813486https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9813486rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views432Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Emulsions,Hydrogels,Polymerization,Polymers,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Adamantane Containing Peptidoglycan Fragments Enhance RANTES and IL-6 Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages (2020)

We report the enhancement of the lipopolysaccharide-induced immune response by adamantane containing peptidoglycan fragments in vitro. The immune stimulation was detected by Il-6 (interleukine 6) and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) chemokine expression using cell assays on immortalized mouse bone-marrow derived macrophages. The most active compound was a α-D-mannosyl derivative of an adamantylated tripeptide with L-chirality at the adamantyl group attachment, whereby the mannose moiety assumed to target mannose receptors expressed on macrophage cell surfaces. The immune co-stimulatory effect was also influenced by the configuration of the adamantyl center, revealing the importance of specific molecular recognition event taking place with its receptor. The immunostimulating activities of these compounds were further enhanced upon their incorporation into lipid bilayers, which is likely related to the presence of the adamantyl group that helps anchor the peptidoglycan fragment into lipid nanoparticles. We concluded that the proposed adamantane containing peptidoglycan fragments act as co-stimulatory agents and are also suitable for the preparation of lipid nanoparticle-based delivery of peptidoglycan fragments.
Library Operating System with Mainline Linux Network Stack (2015)

Library operating system (LibOS) is a userspace version of Linux kernel to provide an operating system personalization (or ad-hoc network stack) as well as yet-another virtualization primitive. Although the concept of library operating system is not new and was established in back to 90’s, the idea here is adding a hardware independent architecture (i.e., arch/lib) into Linux kernel tree and reusing the rest of networking code as a library for userspace programs in order to avoid ’reinventing the wheel’. Unlike conventional Linux kernel/userspace model, system calls are redirected to the library in the same process or the other userspace processes, but the framework tries to be transparent so that all of the existing userspace applications like nginx and iproute2 are able to be used as-is. The LibOS framework provides several interesting use cases such as 1) a fast-path for the new protocol deployment (no need to replace or insert new kernel code), 2) a feature-rich network stack for a high-speed packet I/O mechanism like Intel DPDK, 3) a continuous integration for testing networking code implemented in Linux kernel tree. Right now, most of in-kernel protocols like TCP, SCTP, DCCP, and MPTCP are tested to work on top of the LibOS. Newly implemented protocol may also work depending on the POSIX API coverage and kernel glue code. This paper covers the introduction of the LibOS framework and two sub projects, Network stack in userspace (NUSE) and Direct Code Execution (DCE), with the internal design of the indirections, and presents the ongoing work on the multiprocess support to share a single userspace network stack (e.g., share a userspace routing table between two processes) via inter-process communication implemented by rumpkernel IPC/RPC framework.