gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prone, Lateral, and Flexed (2018)

A urologist skilled in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has the flexibility to choose the best positioning for every clinical scenario. Prone positioning and the prone-flexed modification for PCNL offer several advantages over other positioning techniques in many situations. The lateral and lateral-flexed positions are often the best positions for patients who are obese or those with skeletal deformities. In this chapter we describe our technique for PCNL using the prone, prone-flexed, lateral, and lateral-flexed positions including the bulls-eye and triangulation techniques. The known complications associated with PCNL, including the rare complications related to patient positioning, and how attention to patient positioning can prevent them, are also discussed. Prone positioning is compared to supine and the multiple studies comparing the two positions are reviewed.
High-Q aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators with biconvex edges (2011)

A Lamb wave resonator utilizing an aluminum nitride (AlN) plate with biconvex edges to enhance the quality factor (Q) is demonstrated. The simulation results based on finite element analysis verify that the use of the biconvex edges, instead of the conventional flat edges, can efficiently confine mechanical energy in the AlN Lamb wave resonator. Specifically, the measured frequency response of a 491.8-MHz AlN Lamb wave resonator with biconvex edges yields a Q of 3280 which represents a 2.6× enhancement in Q over a 517.9-MHz Lamb wave resonator on the same AlN plate but with the suspended flat edges.
Mapping studies reveal unique epitopes on IgG recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-derived monoclonal rheumatoid factors. (1993)

We have used chimeric IgG antibodies and their genetically engineered variants prepared by a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and exon exchange to define the structure(s) on IgG recognized by monoclonal rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Nineteen RF produced by EBV-transformed cell lines from the synovium or blood of RA patients were analyzed. Their binding patterns differ significantly from those seen with RF obtained from patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WMac). Half of the RA-derived RF bound IgG1, 2, and 4, but not 3 (Ga specificity), the common pattern in WMac. However, heterogeneity in fine specificity within the Ga reactivity pattern was observed. Moreover, seven others bound all four IgG subclasses, a pattern observed for only one WMac-derived RF from a patient who also had RA. Three RF had subclass specificities unlike any observed with WMac-derived RF. Most RA-derived RF bound IgG at a discontinuous epitope comprised of residues from both the CH2 and CH3 H chain constant regions. However, unlike any WMac-derived RF, one RA-derived RF bound IgG in CH2, another in CH3, and a third at an undetermined site outside of the CH2-CH3 interface. Some RA-derived RF bound aglycosylated IgG4 less well than glycosylated IgG4, suggesting that the carbohydrate moiety was important in establishing their binding epitope in CH2. These studies demonstrate that the repertoire of RF expressed by RA patients contains some unique binding specificities for IgG epitopes not found among our panel of WMac-derived RF. Our results therefore call into question whether WMac-derived RF with their limited diversity are appropriate models for disease-related RF. In addition, RF with their multiple specificities can serve as probes of antibody structure.
Comparison of Purified Protein Derivatives and Effect of Skin Testing on Results of a Commercial Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Cattle (2001)

Purified protein derivatives (PPD) prepared in the USA were compared with those prepared in Australia by a private company (CSL Veterinary) for use with a commercial gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The effect of skin testing on results of the gamma-IFN assay was determined, and results were compared when blood samples were stimulated with PPD within 2 hours and after 24 hours of sample collection. Twenty cattle that were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis were randomly divided into 3 groups. Cattle in group A were tested with the caudal fold skin test (CFT) on day 0 and the comparative cervical skin test (CCT) on day 7. Cattle in group B were tested with the CFT on day 0 and the CCT on day 63, and group C cattle were not skin tested. Blood samples for the gamma-IFN assay were collected at various times throughout the study period. Optical density (OD) values for the gamma-IFN assay were not significantly different when blood samples were stimulated with US avian PPD and CSL avian PPD. However, OD values were significantly higher for US bovine PPD than for CSL bovine PPD. However, the final interpretation of the gamma-IFN assay was usually the same when using either US or CSL PPD. In addition, OD values for the gamma-IFN assay were significantly higher for blood samples collected after sensitized cattle were skin tested than for samples collected from the same cattle before skin testing or from cattle not skin tested. The OD values for blood samples stimulated within 2 hours of sample collection were significantly higher than for samples stimulated 24 hours after sample collection. However, OD values for all PPD-stimulated samples from sensitized cattle were significantly higher in samples collected 3 days after skin testing and stimulated 24 hours after collection than for samples from the same animals collected before skin testing and stimulated within 2 hours of sample collection. Results of this study indicate that PPD prepared in the USA or Australia can be used to stimulate blood samples for the gamma-IFN assay. Skin testing cattle prior to collection of blood for the gamma-IFN assay boosts production of gamma-IFN by lymphocytes from cattle that have had prior exposure to M. bovis antigens. Use of the gamma-IFN assay in conjunction with skin testing may improve detection of cattle infected with M. bovis. In addition, the increase in production of gamma-IFN after skin testing will permit greater flexibility in conducting the assay because samples can be stimulated after they have been shipped overnight rather than only on the day of sample collection.
Response of CBA/N x DBA2/F1 mice to Nocardia asteroides (1982)

Immunized and nonimmunized B-lymphocyte-deficient CBD2/F1 (CBA/N x DBA/2) mice were infected with Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 by different routes of inoculation. The 50% lethal dose, organ clearance, footpad response, and antibody titers were measured. It was observed that B-cell-deficient male mice were not significantly more susceptible to infection than normal female controls even though the female CBD2/F1 mice produced antinocardial antibodies while the deficient male animals did not. Preimmunized male and female mice were identical in their ability to clear N. asteroides from the adrenals, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, and spleen. Both DBA/2 and CBD2/F1 female mice were more susceptible than their male littermates to intravenous challenge with N. asteroides GUH-2. This enhanced susceptibility of the female mice as compared to the male littermates appeared to be due to a decreased resistance to nocardial infections in the brains of the female animals. These data indicate that antibody and certain B-lymphocyte subpopulations are not essential components in host resistance to N. asteroides GUH-2 in these mice.
Pharmacogenomics in colorectal cancer: current role in clinical practice and future perspectives (2018)

The treatment scenario of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been evolving in recent years with the introduction of novel targeted agents and new therapeutic strategies for the metastatic disease. An extensive effort has been directed to the identification of predictive biomarkers to aid patients selection and guide therapeutic choices. Pharmacogenomics represents an irreplaceable tool to individualize patients treatment based on germline and tumor acquired somatic genetic variations able to predict drugs response and risk of toxicities. The growing knowledge of CRC molecular characteristics and complex genomic makeup has played a crucial role in identifying predictive pharmacogenomic biomarkers, while supporting the rationale for the development of new drugs and treatment combinations. Clinical validation of promising biomarkers, however, is often an issue. More recently, a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms and tumor escape dynamics under treatment pressure and the availability of novel technologies are opening new perspectives in this field. This review aims to present an overview of current pharmacogenomic biomarkers and future perspectives of pharmacogenomics in CRC, in an evolving scenario moving from a single drug-gene interactions approach to a more comprehensive genome-wide approach, comprising genomics and epigenetics.
Classifying land development in high-resolution Satellite imagery using hybrid structural-multispectral features (2004)

It is well known that combining spatial and spectral information can improve land use classification from satellite imagery. Human activity on the ground, such as construction, induces changes in both the photometric structure of the image and in its spectral content owing to, primarily, changes in vegetation density and surface materials. This paper introduces a novel approach to combine spatial (more precisely, structural) information extracted from (1-m resolution) panchromatic Ikonos imagery with the multispectral response (4-m resolution) available from the same sensor. Of the prior work combining spatial and spectral information, none has extracted structural features as we do, and none has combined these information sources as early in the process. The classifier we describe here, discriminating urban and rural regions, is a front-end component of a fairly complete satellite image analysis system that identifies suburban residential areas and extracts their street networks and single-family houses. We extract structural information in the form of photometric straight lines and their spatial arrangement over relatively small neighborhoods. To capture the multispectral information, we turn to the well-known normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and an improved linearized version of our own development (details of the structural analysis and the theoretical development of the linearized NDVI appear elsewhere). This paper addresses the novel combination of these types of features (hybrids) by using the structural features, straight line support regions based on gradient orientation, as cue regions for multispectral analysis. We test the hybrid features in a range of parametric and nonparametric classifiers. We also implement and test a probabilistic relaxation algorithm followed by the maximum a priori decision rule. We report extensive results that indicate significant improvements in classification accuracy using the hybrid features.
Comparison of API 50 CH Strips to Whole-Chromosomal DNA Probes for Identification of Lactobacillus Species (2005)

The API 50 CH identification system was evaluated for the identification of 97 strains of commensal lactobacilli. This system agreed with the species-level identifications for none of the 7 reference strains and only 4 of 90 vaginal isolates identified using whole-chromosomal DNA probes.
Progress in heavy ion drivers inertial fusion energy: From scaled experiments to the \nintegrated research experiment (2001)

The promise of inertial fusion energy driven by heavy ion beams requires the development of accelerators that produce ion currents ({approx}100's Amperes/beam) and ion energies ({approx}1-10 GeV) that have not been achieved simultaneously in any existing accelerator. The high currents imply high generalized perveances, large tune depressions, and high space charge potentials of the beam center relative to the beam pipe. Many of the scientific issues associated with ion beams of high perveance and large tune depression have been addressed over the last two decades on scaled experiments at Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, the University of Maryland, and elsewhere. The additional requirement of high space charge potential (or equivalently high line charge density) gives rise to effects (particularly the role of electrons in beam transport) which must be understood before proceeding to a large scale accelerator. The first phase of a new series of experiments in Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory (HIF VNL), the High Current Experiments (HCX), is now being constructed at LBNL. The mission of the HCX will be to transport beams with driver line charge density so as to investigate the physics of this regime, including constraints on the maximum radial filling factor of the beam through the pipe. This factor is important for determining both cost and reliability of a driver scale accelerator. The HCX will provide data for design of the next steps in the sequence of experiments leading to an inertial fusion energy power plant. The focus of the program after the HCX will be on integration of all of the manipulations required for a driver. In the near term following HCX, an Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX) of the same general scale as the HCX is envisioned. The step which bridges the gap between the IBX and an engineering test facility for fusion has been designated the Integrated Research Experiment (IRE). The IRE (like the IBX) will provide an integrated test of the beam physics necessary for a driver, but in addition will provide target and chamber data. This paper will review the experimental and theoretical progress in heavy ion accelerator driver research from the scaled experiments through the present experiments and will discuss plans for the IRE.
Improvement of Up-Converters Linearity for Ka-Band Operation (2007)

The application of a digital predistorter to the linearisation of a Ka-band mixer is presented herein. The general objective in the TX design is to get the best trade-off between linearity and costs. This require the most of the simplicity and possibly to take advantage from already existing devices (such as DSPs in modern digital transmitters) without perturbing their other functionalities. After a presentation of the problem and its constraints, we present the digital predistorter, which has been tested and debugged by means of IEEE-488 bus (GPIB) controllable instrumentation (EMA, electronic measuring automation) in order to finally consider its implementation on a fast new- generation FPGA device. Results show an increment of the linear zone in the up-converter AM-AM curve, of about 15 dB.
A Potential Biochemical Mechanism Underlying the Influence of Sterol Deprivation Stress on Caenorhabditis elegans Longevity (2010)

To investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the effect of sterol deprivation on longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans, we treated parent worms (P0) with 25-azacoprostane (Aza), which inhibits sitosterol-to-cholesterol conversion, and measured mean lifespan (MLS) in F2 worms. At 25 μM (∼EC(50)), Aza reduced total body sterol by 82.5%, confirming sterol depletion. Aza (25 μM) treatment of wild-type (N2) C. elegans grown in sitosterol (5 μg/ml) reduced MLS by 35%. Similar results were obtained for the stress-related mutants daf-16(mu86) and gas-1(fc21). Unexpectedly, Aza had essentially no effect on MLS in the stress-resistant daf-2(e1370) or mitochondrial complex II mutant mev-1(kn1) strains, indicating that Aza may target both insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and mitochondrial complex II. Aza increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels 2.7-fold in N2 worms, but did not affect ROS production by mev-1(kn1), suggesting a direct link between Aza treatment and mitochondrial ROS production. Moreover, expression of the stress-response transcription factor SKN-1 was decreased in amphid neurons by Aza and that of DAF-28 was increased when DAF-6 was involved, contributing to lifespan reduction.
Self-focusing and solitonlike structures in materials with competing quadratic and cubic nonlinearities (1997)

We study the mutual influence of quadratic and cubic nonlinearities on the propagation of the coupled fundamental and second harmonic waves in asymmetric optical media. For attractive potentials with positive coupling parameters, it is shown that, in systems with two and three transverse dimensions, mutually trapped waves can self-focus until collapse whenever their respective powers exceed some thresholds. On the contrary, coupled waves diffracting in a one-dimensional plane never collapse and may evolve towards stable solitonlike structures. For higher transverse dimension numbers, we investigate the question of forming two-component solitons and determine criteria for their stability.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active PdII Cyclometalated Imine Catalyst for the Suzuki Reaction. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Insight into Fundamental, Overtone, and Combination IR Bands of Surface and Bulk Ba(NO3)2 by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (2010)

Vibrational characteristics of Ba(NO3)2, one of the key components in an important automotive catalytic technology, NOx storage and reduction (NSR), were investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics. In particular, the fundamental, overtone, and combination bands of surface and bulk Ba(NO3)2 were calculated and compared with experimental infrared (IR) spectra measured by internal and diffuse reflection sampling configurations. Using the densities of characteristic internal vibrational modes, the origins of the experimental IR bands in the regions of fundamental as well as overtone and combination vibrations were clarified. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics based vibrational analysis showed that the bands in the overtone and combination band region (1600−3000 cm−1), typically neglected in NSR studies, contain chemically rich information and can assist in the firm identification of surface nitrates and their adsorption configurations.
4–5 µm Emissions from 1.3-µm and 1.5-µm InGaAsP/InP Lasers: Evidence for Excitations in Split-Off Valence Band (1983)

4–5 µm wavelength emissions associated with recombinations of holes in the split-off valence band and electrons in the light-hole valence band were observed from 1.3 µm and 1.5 µm InGaAsP/InP lasers. Hole populations in the split-off valence band are dramatically increased with the current level and temperature rise. It was deduced from their current dependence as well as that of acoustic signals so far reported that Auger recombination is a most probable mechanism up to about half of the threshold current, and that intervalence band absorption and its saturation behavior mainly influences the lasing characteristics above that current.
Hierarchical modeling and simulation of large analog circuits (2004)

This paper proposes a new hierarchical circuit modeling and simulation technique in s-domain for linear analog circuits. The new algorithm can perform circuit complexity reduction by deriving the exact or approximate admittances in rational form in the reduced circuit matrix and deriving the circuit characteristics for very large linear analog and interconnect circuits. We characterize some theoretical results regarding the conditions on the generations of canceling terms during the general hierarchical circuit analysis and propose an explicit de-cancellation scheme to remove canceling terms based on a new hierarchical symbolic analysis framework. The resulting algorithm can be used for modeling and simulation of linear analog and interconnect circuits in both frequency and time domain.
Effective choice of ZnO formation methodology for highly stable polymer solar cells under damp-heat (85 °C/85% RH) and light soaking conditions (2022)

The damp-heat stability and photostability of solar cells were investigated depending on the ZnO fabrication methodology. Although the initial PCEs of the devices were similar, the ZnOs affected the solar cell performance after the aging process.
Identification of Synthetic Host Defense Peptide Mimics That Exert Dual Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities (2012)

A group of synthetic antimicrobial oligomers, inspired by naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides, were analyzed for the ability to modulate innate immune responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. These synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) specifically reduced cytokine production in response to Staphylococcus aureus and the S. aureus component lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist. Anti-inflammatory SMAMPs prevented the induction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in response to S. aureus or LTA, but no other TLR2 ligands. We show that these SMAMPs bind specifically to LTA in vitro and prevent its interaction with TLR2. Importantly, the SMAMP greatly reduced the induction of TNF and IL-6 in vivo in mice acutely infected with S. aureus while simultaneously reducing bacterial loads dramatically (4 log(10)). Thus, these SMAMPs can eliminate the damage induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) while simultaneously eliminating infection in vivo. They are the first known SMAMPs to demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in vivo.
Hyperspectral multiphoton microscopy for in vivo visualization of spectrally-overlapped fluorescent labels (2019)

We constructed a hyperspectral multiphoton microscope (HMM) that enabled high spectral-resolution imaging deep into scattering samples and used this instrument for in vivo visualization of the behavior of multiple cell types after an injury.
Influence of the Sonication Temperature on the Debundling Kinetics of Carbon Nanotubes in Propan-2-ol (2013)

The effect of sonication temperature on the debundling of carbon nanotube (CNT) macro-bundles is reported and demonstrated by analysis with different particle sizing methods. The change of bundle size over time and after several comparatively gentle sonication cycles of suspensions at various temperatures is reported. A novel technique is presented that produces a more homogeneous nanotube dispersion by lowering the temperature during sonication. We produce evidence that temperature influences the suspension stability, and that low temperatures are preferable to obtain better dispersion without increasing damage to the CNT walls.
Temperature-dependent magnetization and susceptibility ofFen∕V7superlattices (2005)

We investigated the magnetic ordering of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{n}∕{\mathrm{V}}_{7}$ superlattices with Fe layer thicknesses in the range of $1.7\ensuremath{\leqslant}n\ensuremath{\leqslant}2.6$ monolayers. The temperature dependence of the magnetization and susceptibility was determined using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The ordering temperature was found to vary almost linearly with the thickness of the Fe layers. Values for the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ were in the range 0.31--0.48, indicating three-dimensional behavior below ${T}_{C}$ for all samples. A conclusive interpretation of the susceptibility data was hampered by tailing of $M(T)$ above ${T}_{C}$, resulting in a strong dependence on the excitation field. The temperature of the onset of an imaginary part of the susceptibility corresponded closely to the onset of (finite-size) magnetization. Since this temperature is not ${T}_{C}$, the onset of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{''}}(T)$ should not be used to directly determine the ordering temperature.