gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TERPENOIDS. XIX.1 THE PENTACYCLIC SKELETON OF CAFESTOL (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTERPENOIDS. XIX.1 THE PENTACYCLIC SKELETON OF CAFESTOLCARL DJERASSI, HILLEL BENDAS, and PASUPATI SENGUPTACite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 8, 1046–1055Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01365a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01365a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Piggybac Mediated Gene Transfer To Correct Hemophilia A (2013)

Abstract Hemophilia A, caused by a deficiency in factor VIII (FVIII), is the most severe inherited bleeding disorder, affecting about 1 out of 5,000 males; those affected suffer disabling joint and muscle hemorrhages. Hemophilia A is an attractive gene therapy candidate, because even small increases in FVIII levels (5-10%) will alter the phenotype. Non-viral vector systems are used increasingly in gene targeting technologies and as tools for gene transfer applications. Nonviral DNA transposons are genetic elements consisting of inverted terminal DNA repeats which in their naturally occurring configuration flank a transposase coding sequence. The transposase follows a “cut and paste” mechanism to excise the transposon from its original genomic location and insert it into a new locus. The insect derived piggyBac (PB) can be engineered to carry a therapeutic transgene between the inverted terminal repeats. Advantages of this novel nonviral vector system include a large transgene cassette capacity, ease of production and purification, and potential for site-specific integration. We hypothesize that a PB transposon vector carrying a codon-optimized human FVIII cDNA along with a hyperactive transposase (iPB7) will confer persistent gene expression and correction of the hemophilia A bleeding phenotype. We engineered PB transposon to carry a codon-optimized human FVIII B-domain deleted cDNA (coFVIII-BDD). We evaluated the in vivo gene transfer efficiency in hemophilia A mice by hydrodynamic tail-vein injection using PB coFVIII-BDD driven by the murine albumin enhancer/human alpha anti-trypsin promoter. Factor VIII null mice received 25 micrograms each of the PB coFVIII-BDD transposon and iPB7 to determine long term expression and phenotypic correction. FVIII activity and antigen levels were measured prior to injection and then every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Results revealed therapeutic levels (50-225%) of factor VIII activity and antigen post gene transfer with stable expression for 24 weeks in most mice. A goal of gene transfer based therapies is to develop the most efficacious expression vectors with the least toxicity. To assess endoplasmic reticulum stress in the livers of treated and untreated mice, we evaluated BiP, CHOP, and EDEM levels via q-PCR. All experimental mice, null mice, and transposon treated mice without the coFVIII-BDD cassette revealed no evidence of cell stress. These data indicate codon-optimized FVIII and the piggyBac transposon vector system may provide a safe long term gene transfer strategy. To evaluate phenotypic correction, a tail clip assay was performed at the end of the study. More than 75% of mice receiving PB coFVIII-BDD transposon and iPB7 demonstrated functional correction via tail clip. These data show that the PB vector can be used to deliver transgene expression to the liver and achieve long term expression and phenotypic correction. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Enhanced Intratumoral Delivery of SN38 as a Tocopherol Oxyacetate Prodrug Using Nanoparticles in a Neuroblastoma Xenograft Model (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Currently, <50% of high-risk pediatric solid tumors like neuroblastoma can be cured, and many survivors experience serious or life-threatening toxicities, so more effective, less toxic therapy is needed. One approach is to target drugs to tumors using nanoparticles, which take advantage of the enhanced permeability of tumor vasculature.<b>Experimental Design:</b> SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11), is a potent therapeutic agent that is readily encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles. Tocopherol oxyacetate (TOA) is a hydrophobic mitocan that was linked to SN38 to significantly increase hydrophobicity and enhance nanoparticle retention. We treated neuroblastomas with SN38-TOA nanoparticles and compared the efficacy with the parent prodrug CPT-11 using a mouse xenograft model.<b>Results:</b> Nanoparticle treatment induced prolonged event-free survival (EFS) in most mice, compared with CPT-11. This was shown for both SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 neuroblastoma xenografts. Enhanced efficacy was likely due to increased and sustained drug levels of SN38 in the tumor compared with conventional CPT-11 delivery. Interestingly, when recurrent CPT-11-treated tumors were re-treated with SN38-TOA nanoparticles, the tumors transformed from undifferentiated neuroblastomas to maturing ganglioneuroblastomas. Furthermore, these tumors were infiltrated with Schwann cells of mouse origin, which may have contributed to the differentiated histology.<b>Conclusions:</b> Nanoparticle delivery of SN38-TOA produced increased drug delivery and prolonged EFS compared to conventional delivery of CPT-11. Also, lower total dose and drug entrapment in nanoparticles during circulation should decrease toxicity. We propose that nanoparticle-based delivery of a rationally designed prodrug is an attractive approach to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy in pediatric and adult tumors. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2585-93. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Patients who have had fractures of the distal forearm do not lose bone as expected: Table 1 (1996)

their residual risk of having a child with cystic fibrosis.Couples in which one partner has no identifiable mutation and the other partner is not tested have a risk of 1 in 16100 (1/25xl/161xl/ 4); they represent 96.6% of the couples.Couples in which one partner but not the other has an identifiable mutation have a risk of 1 in 644 (1/lxl/161xl/4); they represent 3.3% of the couples.Couples in which both partners are car- riers have a risk of 1 in 4; they represent 0. 1% of the population.
Computational characterisation of microwave heating of fibre preforms for CVI of SiCf/SiC composites (2022)

Silicon carbide fibre reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (SiCf/SiC) are known as materials with high-performance mechanical properties for the aerospace industry. Microwave-enhanced (ME) chemical vapour infiltration (CVI) heating of ceramic matrix composites is potentially an energy efficient production technique capable of yielding near fully dense SiCf/SiC composites in a much shorter time span. This paper reports on the output of computational analysis of electromagnetic (EM) and thermal characteristics of the ME CVI process occurring with thin circular SiC fibre preform in a Labotron microwave system from SAIREM. Computer simulation is performed with the use of the finite-difference time-domain technique implemented in QuickWave computational environment. Multiple puzzling phenomena observed in the earlier experimental work are illuminated in the present study and the causes for the formation of microwave-induced temperature fields are clarified. With the use of the developed EM model, resonant and non-resonant frequencies of the Labotron system for different temperatures of the processed samples are analysed to explain the differences and variability in heating rates. This showed that when microwave processing of small SiC samples, energy coupling is extremely sensitive to frequency: a change of the reflection coefficient from 0.05 (absorbing) to 0.75 (reflective) could be made by a drift as small as 0.003-0.005 GHz, respectively, indicating the importance of scaling the microwave cavity to the sample size and the ability to precisely control the frequency of the microwave source. Moreover, energy coupling is temperature-dependent: low reflections produces very high heating rates (greater than 550℃ min-1); the opposite is true for high reflections where heating rates are significantly slower. Temperature fields in the SiC fibre preforms are computed with the coupled EM-thermal model at different frequencies. It is shown that while being highly non-uniform in the beginning of the process, temperature patterns evolve to being fairly homogeneous by its end. Overall, the results suggest a means for better control of the equipment to pave the way to more efficient, controlled, and repeatable implementations of the ME CVI technology to produce high quality SiCf/SiC composites.
Research in materials science. Final technical report, 1 Jun 1973--31 May 1975 (1975)

Topics covered include: Minilaser development - material design, Er(3/sup +/) sensitized Ho(3/sup +/) lasers, Yb(3/sup +/) sensitized Ho(3/sup +/) lasers, LED pumping considerations; Diode pumps - diode pumps program objectives and structure, diode fabrication and evaluation, silicon doped gallium arsenide, gallium arsenide antimonide; KTN (KTa(1-x)Nb(x)O/sub 3/) thin films - growth of single crystal films, film characterization, device fabrication and evaluation, growth of KTN by chemical vapor deposition; Laser output coupling - Synchronous coupling; Grating facility; Preparation of feed materials for crystal growth - clean room, chemical techniques, chemicals and reagents: sources and purification, chemicals: sources of material to be processed into crystal growth feed, synthesis of crystal growth feed materials, fluoride crystal growth; Publications and talks.
Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application (2005)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the &amp;quot;Internet Official Protocol Standards &amp;quot; (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document specifies a Diameter application that allows a Diameter server to authenticate, authorize and collect accounting information for Mobile IPv4 services rendered to a mobile node. Combined with the Inter-Realm capability of the base protocol, this application allows mobile nodes to receive service from foreign service providers. Diameter Accounting messages will be used by the foreign and home agents to transfer usage information to the Diameter
Experimental Flight Testing of a Fault-Tolerant Adaptive Autopilot for Fixed-Wing Aircraft (2023)

This paper presents an adaptive autopilot for fixed-wing aircraft and compares its performance with a fixed-gain autopilot. The adaptive autopilot is constructed by augmenting the autopilot architecture with adaptive control laws that are updated using retrospective cost adaptive control. In order to investigate the performance of the adaptive autopilot, the default gains of the fixed-gain autopilot are scaled to degrade its performance. This scenario provides a venue for determining the ability of the adaptive autopilot to compensate for the degraded fixed-gain autopilot. Next, the performance of the adaptive autopilot is examined under failure conditions by simulating a scenario where one of the control surfaces is assumed to be stuck at an unknown angle. The adaptive autopilot is also tested in physical flight experiments under degraded-nominal conditions, and the resulting performance improvement is examined.
Fair allocation of sensor measurements using Shapley value (2009)

In this paper, we consider the problem of measurement allocation in a spatially correlated sensor field. Our objective is to determine the probability of each sensor's being measured for improved observability; the sensor located at less correlated area should be assigned more probability. To this end, we quantify the level of correlation of each sensor through the mutual information criterion reflecting the level of uncertainty about unattended locations. Then we deploy the Shapley value, a representative single-valued solution concept in cooperative game theory. The Shapley value expresses the average marginal contribution of each sensor to the observation of a spatially correlated sensor field, and can be used to allocate the probability of each sensor's being measured in proportion to its contribution. Against the intractability in computing the true Shapley value, we deploy a randomized methods based on sampling, which can compute the approximate Shapley value with linear time complexity. Through numerical experiments, we evaluate the approximate Shapley value achieved by the randomized method by comparing it to the exact Shapley value, and estimate how the measurement allocation based on the Shapley value contributes to the overall observability and coverage.
Parametric Modeling of Serpentine Waveguide Traveling Wave Tubes (2023)

A simple and fast model for numerically calculating small-signal gain in serpentine waveguide traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) is described. In the framework of the Pierce model, we consider one-dimensional electron flow along a dispersive single-mode slow-wave structure (SWS), accounting for the space-charge effect. The analytical model accounts for the frequency-dependent phase velocity and characteristic impedance obtained using various equivalent circuit models from the literature, validated by comparison with full-wave eigenmode simulation. The model includes a relation between the modal characteristic impedance and the interaction (Pierce) impedance of the SWS, including also an extra correction factor that accounts for the variation of the electric field distribution and hence of the interaction impedance over the beam cross section. By applying boundary conditions to our generalized Pierce model, we compute both the theoretical gain of a TWT and all the complex-valued wavenumbers of the hot modes versus frequency and compare our results with numerically intensive particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations; the good agreement in the comparison demonstrates the accuracy and simplicity of our generalized model. For various examples where we vary the average electron beam (e-beam) phase velocity, average e-beam current, number of unit cells, and input radio frequency (RF) power, we demonstrate that our model is robust in the small-signal regime.
Comparison of Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements by a Joss-Waldvogel Disdrometer, a PMS 2DG Spectrometer, and a POSS Doppler Radar (1994)

Three techniques for the measurement of raindrop size distributions are compared using data from a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD), a Particle Measuring Systems 2DG spectrometer (PMS), and an Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS). The techniques used are impact measurement by the JWD, optical imaging by the PMS, and Doppler velocity spectrum by the POSS. The sampling size errors arc compared. The effects of both vertical and horizontal winds on the measurements are evaluated. Accumulated rainfall amounts derived from the drop size distributions (DSDs) are compared to measurements by conventional gauges at the radar facility of AES at King City, Ontario, Canada. In general, DSDs and rain rates averaged for 1 min were in agreement between the three sensors While 1-min-averdged DSDs were multimodal, long-time-period averages followed the Marshall-Palmer distribution.
Comparative Analysis of the Brassica napus Root and Leaf Transcript Profiling in Response to Drought Stress (2015)

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting Brassica napus (B. napus) productivity. In order to identify genes of potential importance to drought stress and obtain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms regarding the responses of B. napus to dehydration stress, we performed large-scale transcriptome sequencing of B. napus plants under dehydration stress using the Illumina sequencing technology. In this work, a relatively drought tolerant B. napus line, Q2, identified in our previous study, was used. Four cDNA libraries constructed from mRNAs of control and dehydration-treated root and leaf were sequenced by Illumina technology. A total of 6018 and 5377 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in root and leaf. In addition, 1745 genes exhibited a coordinated expression profile between the two tissues under drought stress, 1289 (approximately 74%) of which showed an inverse relationship, demonstrating different regulation patterns between the root and leaf. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment test indicated that up-regulated genes in root were mostly involved in "stimulus" "stress" biological process, and activated genes in leaf mainly functioned in "cell" "cell part" components. Furthermore, a comparative network related to plant hormone signal transduction and AREB/ABF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, WRKY and MYC/MYB transcription factors (TFs) provided a view of different stress tolerance mechanisms between root and leaf. Some of the DEGs identified may be candidates for future research aimed at detecting drought-responsive genes and will be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in root and leaf of B. napus.
Highly Chemoselective Deprotection of the 2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) Protecting Group (2018)

Nonreducing, pH-neutral conditions for the selective cleavage of the 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) protecting group are reported. Using trimethyltin hydroxide in 1,2-dichloroethane, Troc-protected alcohols, thiols, and amines can be selectively unmasked in the presence of various functionalities that are incompatible with the reducing conditions traditionally used to remove the Troc group. This mild deprotection protocol tolerates a variety of other hydrolytically sensitive and acid/base-sensitive moieties as well.
Ring Monofluorinated Hydroxypyrazoles (1981)

Abstract 3-Alkyl(or aryl)-4-fluoro-5-hydroxypyrazoles and their 1-methyl derivatives were prepared by the reaction of methyl α-fluoro-β-alkyl(or aryl)-β-keto esters with hydrazine hydrate or methylhydrazine in ethanol. The reaction of arylhydrazines with α-fluoro-β-keto esters gave only hydrazones which could not be cyclized to pyrazoles.
Dissolution Studies of Silicon Containing Self Setting Bone Cement (2005)

Silicon containing self setting bone cement has been prepared by adding silicon containing hydroxyapatite whisker to obtain a biomaterial having an improved resorption properties. Silicon containing calcium phosphate bone cement was composed of a-TCP: TeCP: DCPD: Si-HA whisker with a NH4H2PO4 as a setting liquid. From the XRD analysis, it was confirmed that calcium deficient hydroxyapatite phase appeared when it immersed in PBS solution. The dissolution rate of silicon containing calcium phosphate cement was measured in PBS solution and showed high dissolution rate. Based on in-vivo test, silicon containing self setting bone cement can be considered a useful material for bone bonding materials.
The Cartilage-Bone Interface (2012)

In the knee joint, the purpose of the cartilage-bone interface is to maintain structural integrity of the osteochondral unit during walking, kneeling, pivoting, and jumping--during which tensile, compressive, and shear forces are transmitted from the viscoelastic articular cartilage layer to the much stiffer mineralized end of the long bone. Mature articular cartilage is integrated with subchondral bone through a approximately 20 to approximately 250 microm thick layer of calcified cartilage. Inside the calcified cartilage layer, perpendicular chondrocyte-derived collagen type II fibers become structurally cemented to collagen type I osteoid deposited by osteoblasts. The mature mineralization front is delineated by a thin approximately 5 microm undulating tidemark structure that forms at the base of articular cartilage. Growth plate cartilage is anchored to epiphyseal bone, sometimes via a thin layer of calcified cartilage and tidemark, while the hypertrophic edge does not form a tidemark and undergoes continual vascular invasion and endochondral ossification (EO) until skeletal maturity upon which the growth plates are fully resorbed and replaced by bone. In this review, the formation of the cartilage-bone interface during skeletal development and cartilage repair, and its structure and composition are presented. Animal models and human anatomical studies show that the tidemark is a dynamic structure that forms within a purely collagen type II-positive and collagen type I-negative hyaline cartilage matrix. Cartilage repair strategies that elicit fibrocartilage, a mixture of collagen type I and type II, are predicted to show little tidemark/calcified cartilage regeneration and to develop a less stable repair tissue-bone interface. The tidemark can be regenerated through a bone marrow-driven growth process of EO near the articular surface.
Flight experience on the need and use of inflight leading edge washing for a laminar flow airfoil (1978)

An investigation of leading-edge contamination by insects was conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center with a JetStar airplane instrumented to detect transition on the outboard leading-edge flap and equipped with a system to wash the leading edge in flight. The results of airline-type flights with the JetStar indicated that insects can contaminate the leading edge during take-off and climbout at large jet airports in the United States. The results also showed that the insects collected on the leading edges at 180 knots did not erode at cruise conditions for a laminar flow control airplane and caused premature transition of the laminar boundary layer. None of the superslick and hydrophobic surfaces tested showed any significant advantages in alleviating the insect contamination problem. While there may be other solutions to the insect contamination problem, the results of these tests with a washer system showed that a continuous water spray while encountering the insects is effective in preventing insect contamination of the leading edges.