gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyamine pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (2010)

The full complement of molecular pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) remains unknown. Here we address this issue by taking a broad approach, beginning by using functional MRI to identify brainstem regions differentially affected and resistant to the disease. Relying on these imaging findings, we then profiled gene expression levels from postmortem brainstem regions, identifying a disease-related decrease in the expression of the catabolic polyamine enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Next, a range of studies were completed to support the pathogenicity of this finding. First, to test for a causal link between polyamines and α-synuclein toxicity, we investigated a yeast model expressing α-synuclein. Polyamines were found to enhance the toxicity of α-synuclein, and an unbiased genome-wide screen for modifiers of α-synuclein toxicity identified Tpo4, a member of a family of proteins responsible for polyamine transport. Second, to test for a causal link between SAT1 activity and PD histopathology, we investigated a mouse model expressing α-synuclein. DENSPM (N1, N11-diethylnorspermine), a polyamine analog that increases SAT1 activity, was found to reduce PD histopathology, whereas Berenil (diminazene aceturate), a pharmacological agent that reduces SAT1 activity, worsened the histopathology. Third, to test for a genetic link, we sequenced the SAT1 gene and a rare but unique disease-associated variant was identified. Taken together, the findings from human patients, yeast, and a mouse model implicate the polyamine pathway in PD pathogenesis.
Topology design of OXC-switched WDM networks (2005)

This paper attempts to find a new analytical framework to identify cost-effective topological architectures of optical cross-connect (OXC)-switched wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. To keep the analysis tractable, we first focus on regular networks and a deterministic uniform traffic model. Regular topologies with symmetries are good approximations of metropolitan area and local area networks but only a fair resemblance of wide area networks. We find that for a regular topology the minimum-hop distance, which is normally used for gauging the size of the network, is an important parameter in dimensioning switching resources. By setting up a first-order cost model and evaluating the tradeoff between network resources, we obtain closed form solutions for the optimal node degree and network cost. For network design under stochastic traffic, we study the worst case capacity dimensioning and blocking probability among the set of all possible stochastic traffic distributions with the same mean and variance. The analytical approach presented in this paper helps us gain insights of parametric dependency of an optimal network architecture on key network design parameters.
l-Glutamic acid release from a series of aluminum-based isoreticular porous coordination polymers (2015)

We investigated the encapsulation of bioactive molecules such as l-glutamic acid (Glu) into a series of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) based on aluminum hydroxy dicarboxylates [Al(OH)(L)]<sub>n</sub> (L = dicarboxylate ligand) and the molecular release therefrom. The use of 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate (2,6-ndc), 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate (1,4-bdc) and 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (1,4-ndc) as ligands allows us to systematically tune the pore size and the flexibility of frameworks while keeping the same topology and thus to investigate the effect of those parameters upon both adsorption and release of Glu. We revealed the impact of zwitterionic nature of Glu upon loading efficiency; optimal loading pH was shown to be that for which Glu bears both positive and negative charges. Whereas the loading capacity of PCPs is governed by the pore size ([Al(OH)(2,6-ndc)]<sub>n</sub> > [Al(OH)(1,4-bdc)]<sub>n</sub> > [Al(OH)(1,4-ndc)]<sub>n</sub>), the adsorption isotherm clearly revealed that small or flexible pores induce the stronger Glu-PCP interaction. The release experiments of Glu from PCPs in a physiological media (pH = 7.4, 37 °C) demonstrated the exceptional stabilization of Glu within [Al(OH)(1,4-bdc)]<sub>n</sub>, compared to those within the other frameworks; whereas the rigid frameworks of [Al(OH)(2,6-ndc)]<sub>n</sub> and [Al(OH)(1,4-ndc)]<sub>n</sub> spontaneously released almost the entire Glu contents within 10 h, 70% of Glu loaded within [Al(OH)(1,4-bdc)]<sub>n</sub> still remained therein over 24 h. Interestingly, the burst release of Glu was triggered by increasing temperature up to 80 °C, at which the framework changed its structure from a closed phase to the open phase.
Influence of Feeding Pattern on Thyroid Hormones in Long-Term Food-Restricted Rats (1996)

The effect of a long-term 50% food restriction on plasma thyroid hormone levels was studied in adult male rats, which received their reduced daily amount of food either as one meal or 5 different meals. Compared to controls, a long-term food restriction reduced total 24 h-mean plasma T4, T3 and TSH concentrations. The total T4 level was more reduced in rats fed their reduced ration in one meal than in rats given food in several meals. This resulted in a higher T3/T4 ratio in the former group of rats than in the other groups (free access to food; food in several meals). In the control group and in the food-restricted group receiving their food in one meal, significant diurnal variations in total T4, T3 and TSH levels were seen. The T3 rhythm was abolished in food-restricted rats receiving their food spread over several meals, but T4 and TSH rhythms were not. We conclude that total peripheral thyroid hormone levels infood-restricted rats are influenced, not only by the amount of food but also by the feeding pattern.
Intelligent Driver Mental State Monitoring System Using Physiological Sensor Signals (2015)

Driving a vehicle involves a series of events, which are related to and evolve with the mental state (such as sleepiness, mental load, and stress) of the driv- er. These states are also identified as causal factors of critical situations that can lead to road accidents and vehicle crashes. These driver impairments need to be detected and predicted in order to reduce critical situations and road accidents. In the past years, physiological signals have become conven- tional measures in driver impairment research. Physiological signals have been applied in various studies to identify different levels of mental load, sleepiness, and stress during driving. This licentiate thesis work has investigated several artificial intelligence algorithms for developing an intelligent system to monitor driver mental state using physiological signals. The research aims to measure sleepiness and mental load using Electroencephalography (EEG). EEG signals, if pro- cessed correctly and efficiently, have potential to facilitate advanced moni- toring of sleepiness, mental load, fatigue, stress etc. However, EEG signals can be contaminated with unwanted signals, i.e., artifacts. These artifacts can lead to serious misinterpretation. Therefore, this work investigates EEG arti- fact handling methods and propose an automated approach for EEG artifact handling. Furthermore, this research has also investigated how several other physiological parameters (Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) from the Electrocardiogram (ECG), Respiration Rate, Finger Tem- perature (FT), and Skin Conductance (SC)) to quantify drivers’ stress. Dif- ferent signal processing methods have been investigated to extract features from these physiological signals. These features have been extracted in the time domain, in the frequency domain as well as in the joint time-frequency domain using wavelet analysis. Furthermore, data level signal fusion has been proposed using Multivariate Multiscale Entropy (MMSE) analysis by combining five physiological sensor signals. Primarily Case-Based Reason- ing (CBR) has been applied for drivers’ mental state classification, but other Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as Fuzzy Logic, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been investigat- ed as well. For drivers’ stress classification, using the CBR and MMSE approach, the system has achieved 83.33% classification accuracy compared to a human expert. Moreover, three classification algorithms i.e., CBR, an ANN, and a SVM were compared to classify drivers’ stress. The results show that CBR has achieved 80% and 86% accuracy to classify stress using finger tempera- ture and heart rate variability respectively, while ANN and SVM reached an accuracy of less than 80%.
Effects of different durations of pretreatment with losartan on myocardial infarct size, endothelial function, and vascular endothelial growth factor (2001)

A previous study by our group showed that 10 weeks of pretreatment with losartan reduced myocardial infarct size and arrhythmias in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion. However, the effect of a differing time course of pretreatment has not been investigated. 104 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to four groups: a control, and three treatment groups in which losartan (40 mg/kg/day) was administered in drinking water for one day, one week, and four weeks respectively. After different durations of pretreatment, the rats were subjected to 17 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. Haemodynamic variables were not significantly different between the four groups. Myocardial infarct size was unchanged after one day and one week of pretreatment (52+/-7, 57+/-6% vs.control 55+/-3%), but was significantly reduced by four weeks of pretreatment with losartan (38+/-6, p<0.05). Endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation was significantly increased by four weeks of pretreatment (-81+/-4 vs.-62+7%, p<0.05). As an indicator of ischaemia, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in ischaemic myocardium were decreased after one and four weeks of pretreatment (0.75+/-0.05, 0.58+/-0.10 vs. 1.0, p<0.05,0.01, respectively). In conclusion, losartan has time-dependent cardiovascular protective effects. Four weeks of pretreatment with losartan decreased infarct size and VEGF, and improved endothelial dysfunction.
A high accuracy, low power, reproducible temperature telemetry system (1990)

A low-power temperature telemetry system incorporating a miniature micropower temperature sensor/modulator and hand-held decoder with direct digital readout is described. The system is designed to avoid the need to calibrate and characterize individual units while guaranteeing an accuracy of +or-0.25 degrees C and a resolution of 0.1 degrees C. The combined sensor and transmitter is constructed using thick-film technology and weighs less than 2.5 g without batteries. Developed principally for wild life tracking and monitoring, the system also has other applications where remote environmental monitoring is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spectral density analysis of nonlinear hysteretic systems (2004)

A method for the analysis of spectral densities of hysteretic nonlinearities driven by diffusion processes is presented. This method is based on the Preisach formalism for the description of hysteresis and the mathematical machinery of diffusion processes on graphs. The calculations are appreciably simplified by the introduction of the "effective" distribution function. The implementation of the method for the case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck input process is presented in detail, and analytical expressions for spectral noise densities for various hysteretic systems are obtained. The general qualitative features of these spectral densities are examined and their dependence on various parameters is discussed. Because of the universality of the Preisach model, this approach can be used to compute spectra in hysteresis nonlinearities of various physical origins.
Cardiac transplantation at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation: the first twenty-four months (1988)

From August 15, 1984 until August 15, 1986 184 patients at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation were screened for cardiac transplantation, 53 were accepted, and 37 received orthotopic transplants. Recipients ranged in age from 14 to 58 years; in 60% the underlying disease was a cardiomyopathy. Follow-up was complete in all cases; the shortest period was 6 months. In the most recent of four immunosuppressive protocols, cyclosporine’s nephrotoxicity has been neutralized without compromising immunosuppression. Ten patients have died, producing a one-year actuarial survival of 80.3%. Two of the early and three of the late deaths were from infections (viral, fungal, and Nocardia). During the first 90 days following transplantation, rejection occurred 60 times in 27 patients. No patient died or required retransplantation because of rejection. Additionally, neither malignancy nor allograft atherosclerosis have occurred. Functionally, 93% of survivors report normal tolerance for activities. Cardiac transplantation provided acceptable results for individuals who would die of otherwise untreatable cardiac disorders.
Peroxidase histochemistry using diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride stored as a frozen solution. (1980)

Free accessAbstractFirst published online January 5, 2017Peroxidase histochemistry using diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride stored as a frozen solution.L J Pelliniemi, M Dym, and M J KarnovskyView all authors and affiliationsVolume 28, Issue 2https://doi.org/10.1177/28.2.6986432
Screening for Wilms tumor in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or idiopathic hemihypertrophy (1999)

This study suggests that children with BWS/HH may benefit from screening sonograms at intervals of 4 months or less. However, false positive screening exams may result in unnecessary surgery. Given the rarity of BWS/HH, a larger, prospective international screening study is necessary to determine if the benefits of screening outweigh the risks.
Focused Training of Emergency Medicine Residents in Goal‐directed Echocardiography: A Prospective Study (2003)

A focused six-hour echocardiography training course significantly improved emergency medicine residents' percentage scores on both written and practical examinations testing essential components required for correct goal-directed TTE performance and interpretation.
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Guatemala: a prevalent public health problem? (2022)

In Guatemala, neurocysticercosis (NCC) was first recognized in 1940; since then, cases of NCC have been reported in all Guatemalan departments. However, epidemiological studies on <i>Taenia solium</i> infections are scarce and most information remains unpublished. This study aims to provide evidence of <i>T. solium</i> infections as a public health problem in Guatemala. All information available, either published or unpublished, on <i>T. solium</i> infections in the country was compiled. Official data from the Ministry of Health for the period 2003-2019 were reviewed and analyzed, and all cases of <i>T. solium</i> infections were classified and counted. In total, 5246 cases of taeniasis and 454 cases of human cysticercosis were recorded. On the other hand, 44 studies were identified, mostly from local journals, which included 1951 cases of taeniasis, 2873 cases of human cysticercosis of which 543 were classified with complete diagnosis, and 2590 cases of porcine cysticercosis. Cases were classified by geographic region, patient sex, and <i>Taenia</i> species in taeniasis cases when information was available, and the departments with the highest number of taeniasis and cysticercosis cases were identified. Meanwhile, in Zacapa, a northeastern department of Guatemala with one the highest number of taeniasis cases, a young man diagnosed with a severe form of NCC and two cases of porcine cysticercosis (both confirmed by necropsy) were identified. Taken together, the data herein reported indicate that <i>T. solium</i> infections are a major health problem in Guatemala that needs to be addressed.
Product form solution for the steady-state distribution of a Markov chain associated with a general matching model with self-loops (2022)

International audience
The Duration of Exposure to HIV Modulates the Breadth and the Magnitude of HIV-Specific Memory CD4+ T Cells (2007)

The impact of exposure to Ag on the development and maintenance of human CD4(+) memory T cells in general and HIV infection in particular is partially understood. In this study, we measured HIV-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferative responses against HIV proteins and derived peptides one year after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in 39 HIV-infected patients who initiated therapy at different times following infection. We show that a brief exposure to HIV of <1 month does not allow the generation of significant detectable frequencies of HIV-specific CD4(+) memory T cells. Patients having prolonged cumulative exposure to high viral load due to therapy failures also demonstrated limited HIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses. In contrast, patients exposed to significant levels of virus for periods ranging from 3 to 18 mo showed brisk and broad HIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses 1 year following the onset of therapy intervention. We also demonstrate that the nadir CD4(+) T cell count before therapy initiation correlated positively with the breadth and magnitude of these responses. Our findings indicate that the loss of proliferative HIV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses is associated with the systemic progression of the disease and that a brief exposure to HIV does not allow the establishment of detectable frequencies of HIV-specific memory CD4(+) T cells.
Automated sampling decision scheme for the AVM system (2015)

Reducing the sampling rate to as low as possible is a high priority for many factories to reduce production cost. Automatic virtual metrology based intelligent sampling decision (ISD) scheme had been previously developed for reducing the sampling rate and sustaining the virtual metrology (VM) accuracy. However, the desired sampling rate of the ISD scheme is fixed and set manually. Hence, whenever the VM accuracy gets worse, it cannot adaptively increase the default sampling rate in the ISD scheme. As a consequence, it would take more time to collect enough samples for improving the VM accuracy. Moreover, when the VM accuracy performs well all the time, it cannot automatically decrease the default sampling rate in ISD, which may result in unnecessary waste. Accordingly, this paper proposes an automated sampling decision (ASD) scheme to adaptively and automatically modify the sampling rate online and in real time for continuous improvement. The ASD scheme can monitor the VM accuracy online as well as update the VM models in real time for maintaining the VM accuracy when the VM accuracy becomes poor. Also, the ASD scheme can automatically reduce the sampling rate while the VM accuracy performs well.
In Situ 13C and 23Na Magic Angle Spinning NMR Investigation of Supercritical CO2 Incorporation in Smectite–Natural Organic Matter Composites (2014)

This Article presents an in situ NMR study of clay–natural organic polymer systems (a hectorite–humic acid [HA] composite) under CO2 storage reservoir conditions (90 bar CO2 pressure, 50 °C). The 13C and 23Na NMR data show that supercritical CO2 interacts more strongly with the composite than with the base clay and does not react to form other C-containing species over several days at elevated CO2. With and without organic matter, the data suggest that CO2 enters the interlayer space of Na–hectorite equilibrated at 43% relative humidity. The presence of supercritical CO2 also leads to increased 23Na signal intensity, reduced line width at half height, increased basal width, more rapid 23Na T1 relaxation rates, and a shift to more positive resonance frequencies. Larger changes are observed for the hectorite–HA composite than for the base clay. In light of recently reported MD simulations of other polymer–Na–smectite composites, we interpret the observed changes to be due to an increase in the rate of Na+ site hopping in the presence of supercritical CO2, the presence of potential new Na+ sorption sites when the humic acid is present, and perhaps an accompanying increase in the number of Na+ ions actively involved in site hopping. The results suggest that the presence of organic material either in clay interlayers or on external particle surfaces can significantly affect the behavior of supercritical CO2 and the mobility of metal ions in clay-rich reservoir rocks.
Energy saving in three-phase diode rectifiers using EI technique with adjustable switching frequency scheme (2016)

A front-end rectifier can significantly impact a power electronics system performance and efficiency for applications such as motor drive where the system commonly operates under partial loading conditions. This paper proposes an adjustable switching frequency scheme using an electronic inductor technique to improve the energy saving of the system operating at partial loading. In the proposed solution, the switching frequency is adjusted based on the loading conditions, and thus maintains the system performance both in terms of switching losses and harmonic distortion. The obtained simulation and experimental results using the Si (Silicon) and SiC (Silicon Carbide) power devices confirm the effectiveness of the proposal. Furthermore, the impact of applied technique on conducted EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) performance of the system is also experimentally evaluated.
Grain Foods Are Contributors of Nutrient Density for American Adults and Help Close Nutrient Recommendation Gaps: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012 (2017)

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015-2020 DGA) maintains recommendations for increased consumption of whole grains while limiting intake of enriched/refined grains. A variety of enriched grains are sources of several shortfall nutrients identified by 2015-2020 DGA, including dietary fiber, folate, iron, and magnesium. The purpose of this study was to determine food sources of energy and nutrients for free-living U.S. adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2012. Analyses of grain food sources were conducted using a single 24-h recall collected in adults ≥19 years of age (<i>n</i> = 10,697). Sources of nutrients contained in all grain foods were determined using United States Department of Agriculture nutrient composition databases and the food grouping scheme for grains (excluding mixed dishes). Mean energy and nutrient intakes from the total diet and from various grain food groups were adjusted for the sample design using appropriate weights. All grains provided 285 ± 5 kcal/day or 14 ± 0.2% kcal/day in the total diet in adult ≥19 years of age. In the total daily diet, the grain category provided 7.2 ± 0.2% (4.9 ± 0.1 g/day) total fat, 5.4 ± 0.2% (1.1 ± 0.03 g/day) saturated fat, 14.6 ± 0.3% (486 ± 9 mg/day) sodium, 7.9 ± 0.2% (7.6 ± 0.2 g/day) total sugar, 22.8 ± 0.4% (3.9 ± 0.1 g/day) dietary fiber, 13.2 ± 0.3% (122 ± 3 mg/day) calcium, 33.6 ± 0.5% (219 ± 4 mcg dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/day) folate, 29.7 ± 0.4% (5.3 ± 0.1 mg/day) iron, and 13.9 ± 0.3% (43.7 ± 1.1 mg/day) magnesium. Individual grain category analyses showed that breads, rolls and tortillas and ready-to-eat cereals provided minimal kcal/day in the total diet in men and women ≥19 years of age. Similarly, breads, rolls and tortillas, and ready-to-eat cereals supplied meaningful contributions of shortfall nutrients, including dietary fiber, folate and iron, while concurrently providing minimal amounts of nutrients to limit. Cumulatively, a variety of grain food groups consumed by American adults contribute to nutrient density in the total diet and have the potential to increase consumption of shortfall nutrients as identified by 2015-2020 DGA, particularly dietary fiber, folate, and iron.