gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Tubular Crossflow Microfiltration in Harvesting Microalgae (2014)

Separation of microalgal cells from culture medium is a challenging phase of algal production. Application of microfiltration as Stage 1 harvesting technology to pre-concentrate algal suspension from 0.2 g-dry/L to 10 g-dry/L (1% solids) prior to the final dewatering stage by centrifugation (Stage 2) was studied in this research. A bench-scale filtration setup with three tubular crossflow membrane modules (pore sizes: 0.05 µm, 0.1 µm, 0.5µm) equipped with data acquisition systems was constructed. In phase-1 experiments, the influence of algal species and the size of particles in the culture media on the filterability of microalgae were studied. It was found that Nannochloris sp. with the biggest particles yielded highest average fluxes with all the three tested membranes. The selected algal species all yielded highest fluxes when filtered by the membrane with the smallest pore size (0.05 µm). Phase-2 experiments were aimed at maximizing the permeation flux by optimizing the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and crossflow velocity (CFV). The highest steady state flux was obtained at TMP of 172.4 kPa (25 psi) and CFV of 5.53 m/s, at a feeding flow rate of 42 L/min. In the final step, algal culture was concentrated to 10.89 g-dry/L (~1.1% solid), reaching a 54.45X volumetric reduction. Air-assisted backwash was employed as a physical flux enhancement technique. The most effective backwashing regime involved three periodic backwashes per hour. This frequency of backwashing enhanced the flux by 32%. For a maximum flux scenario, filtration of Nannochloris sp. yielded a maximum permeation flux of 326.04 ± 4.14 L/m2.h. At the maximum flux setting, the pumping energy required for a large scale microfiltration process was estimated to be 5.11 kWh/m3 of pond water. However the same system required much lower energy at lower CFVs. For the TMP of 137.9 kPa and at the lowest CFV (3.55 m/s), the pumping energy reached the minimum 1.18 kWh/m3, which was comparable to the energy requirement of centrifugation. Despite the high operational costs of the tested microfiltration system in both maximum flux and minimum energy scenarios, it can be a valuable Stage 1 harvesting technology for specific applications that cannot tolerate chemical coagulant or those that require a high degree of purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Speciation of the Uranyl Ion under Highly Alkaline Conditions. Synthesis, Structures, and Oxo Ligand Exchange Dynamics. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaporation From a Capillary Tube (1976)

The heat transfer characteristics of an evaporating ethanol meniscus formed at the exit of a glass capillary tube were studied experimentally. The meniscus profile was photographed and was found to be a function of the evaporation rate and the initial hydrostatic head. The meniscus was found to be stable over a wide range of evaporation rates.
Instantaneous reference-free crack detection based on polarization characteristics of piezoelectric materials (2007)

A new methodology of guided-wave-based nondestructive testing (NDT) is developed to detect crack damage in a thin metal structure without using prior baseline data or a predetermined decision boundary. In conventional guided-wave-based techniques, damage is often identified by comparing the 'current' data obtained from a potentially damaged condition of a structure with the 'past' baseline data collected at the pristine condition of the structure. However, it has been reported that this type of pattern comparison with the baseline data can lead to increased false alarms due to its susceptibility to varying operational and environmental conditions of the structure. To develop a more robust damage diagnosis technique, a new concept of NDT is conceived so that cracks can be detected even when the system being monitored is subjected to changing operational and environmental conditions. The proposed NDT technique utilizes the polarization characteristics of the piezoelectric wafers attached on both sides of the thin metal structure. Crack formation creates Lamb wave mode conversion due to a sudden change in the thickness of the structure. Then, the proposed technique instantly detects the appearance of the crack by extracting this mode conversion from the measured Lamb waves, and the threshold value from damage classification is also obtained only from the current dataset. Numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique to instantaneous crack detection.
Quantum interference by coherence transfer from spin to orbital angular momentum of photons (2009)

The orbital angular momentum carried by single photons represents a promising resource in the quantum information field. In this paper we report the characterization in the quantum regime of a recently introduced optical device, known as <i>q-plate</i>. Exploiting the spin-orbit coupling that takes place in the q-plate, it is possible to transfer coherently the information from the polarization to the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom, and viceversa. Hence the q-plate provides a reliable bi-directional interface between polarization and orbital angular momentum. As a first paradigmatic demonstration of the q-plate properties, we have carried out the first experimental Hong-Ou-mandel effect purely observed in the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom.
Potential consequences of the immigration ban on the scientific community (2017)

On January 27, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order banning the citizens of 7 countries from obtaining US entry visas for the next 90 days. Since the announcement, the news media have devoted a large portion of their coverage to the ban and its political ramifications. There have been arguments made by both sides that the ban will make our country safer, while others have argued that this executive order will result in the weakening of our country and bolstering of our enemies. As a physician-scientist who was born in Iran and immigrated to the US, I will stay away from the politics of this executive order; rather, I want to discuss the impact of the immigration ban on scientific discourse, education, and research programs, and how it may influence the dissemination of knowledge to physicians and scientists in low- and middle-income countries. I will use my own experience as an example of how the educational and scientific systems in this country benefit those who strive to learn in a free and intellectually stimulating environment.
Cross-Iteration Coded Computing (2018)

We introduce the idea of cross-iteration coded computing, an approach to reducing communication costs for a large class of distributed iterative algorithms involving linear operations, including gradient descent and accelerated gradient descent for quadratic loss functions. The state-of-the-art approach for these iterative algorithms involves performing one iteration of the algorithm per round of communication among the nodes. In contrast, our approach performs multiple iterations of the underlying algorithm in a single round of communication by incorporating some redundancy storage and computation. Our algorithm works in the master-worker setting with the workers storing carefully constructed linear transformations of input matrices and using these matrices in an iterative algorithm, with the master node inverting the effect of these linear transformations. In addition to reduced communication costs, a trivial generalization of our algorithm also includes resilience to stragglers and failures. The degree of redundancy of our algorithm can be tuned based on the amount of communication and straggler resilience required. Finally, we also describe a variant of our algorithm that can flexibly recover the results based on the degree of straggling in the worker nodes. The variant allows for the performance to degrade gracefully as the number of successful (non-straggling) workers is lowered.
Photometric Visual-Inertial Navigation With Uncertainty-Aware Ensembles (2022)

In this article, we propose a visual-inertial navigation system that directly minimizes a photometric error without an explicit data-association. We focus on the photometric error parametrized by pose and structure parameters that is highly nonconvex due to the nonlinearity of image intensity. The key idea is to introduce an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">optimal intensity gradient</i> that accounts for a projective uncertainty of a pixel. Ensembles sampled from the state uncertainty contribute to the proposed gradient and yield a correct update direction even in a bad initialization point. We present two sets of experiments to demonstrate the strengths of our framework. First, a thorough Monte Carlo simulation in a virtual trajectory is designed to reveal robustness to large initial uncertainty. Second, we show that the proposed framework can achieve superior estimation accuracy with efficient computation time over state-of-the-art visual-inertial fusion methods in a real-world UAV flight test, where most scenes are composed of a featureless floor.
Bactericidal Activity of Ozone and Chlorine against Escherichia coli at 1° C. (1959)

The bactericidal effects of ozone solutions were tested against E. coli suspensions at 1° C., and the lethal dose was determined as that quantity of ozone necessary to produce a detectable residual in solution. Under the conditions of the experiments this was 0.4 to 0.5 mg. per liter. A comparison of the bactericidal activity of chlorine under similar conditions emphasized the different mode of action of the two agents.
A New Type of Carbon Nanostructure Formed Within a Metal-Matrix (2012)

Abstract : Recent advances in nanomanufacturing have made it possible for large amounts ( 6 wt.%) of carbon to be incorporated as nanoscale carbon during a reaction process in molten aluminum, copper, silver, and other metals. These materials developed by Third Millennium Metals, LLC are called covetics. The carbon is highly stable despite its form not being predicted in phase diagrams, and remains dispersed after remelting and resolidification. The carbon incorporates into the metal matrix and has an effect on several of the properties of the material. We have performed a detailed investigation of the structure and composition of several covetics using a variety of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques and found that the carbon forms nanoparticles of 5-200 nm diameter that are embedded in the host matrix. EELS spectra obtained from these regions show characteristic shape of carbon nanotubes (CNT). Raman data obtained from these samples also show the G-mode and D-mode characteristic of CNT.
Implementation of a multidirectional cylindrical antenna in a tactical communication system (2004)

This report contains a study for implementing an eight phase directional cylindrical antenna for the tactical communication system ERITAC. The report describes ideas for implementing control of the directional cylindrical antenna. It describes problematic issues and gives solutions to them. The report describes a tested prototype solution. It describes that changes made on the ECCM unit and the PRO unit are all made in software. It describes a possible design solution of a new unit to control the antenna switch. This unit is called the antenna switch control unit and is supplied and controlled from the Radio relay unit. The system is designed to function in the master station in Point to multipoint communication. But solutions are also given for the cylindrical antenna to function in point to point communication and on the out-stations in point to multipoint communication mode. Testing and evaluation of the system have shown that the antenna lectronics select the right direction and that the time delay for the electronics is around 120 microseconds. This gives a good margin for the time delay for the antenna switch and the synchronization of transmitting and receiving when the available change interval is 1.125 milliseconds. The report also mentions ideas that have been discussed but abandoned for some reason.
SU‐FF‐T‐403: Target Failure and Beam‐On Load in Helical Tomotherapy (2006)

Purpose: To predict target failure for a Helical Tomotherapy unit based on cumulative beam‐on time. Materials and Methods: Helical Tomotherapy is a novel external beam clinical technology and as such it presents new quality assurance challenges. Our unit started treating patients in April 2004. By February 2006, the x‐ray target had been changed three times (03/05, 09/05 and 01/06). On visual inspection, a damaged disk‐target shows an annulus of severe wear. In one case, the annulus cut through the entire thickness so that the target was split into two parts. Another target had pieces of the outer rim flaked off. Near the failure of a target, machine output changes significantly (&gt;±3%), which requires additional output checks and tuning, and it can also result in treatment interruptions. Although the output seems to decrease most of the time nearing target failure, increases have also occurred. Output variations can be explained by the nature of the target disintegration and its impact on the water‐driven target rotation and cooling. We hypothesized that target failure frequency is related to cumulative beam‐on time. Since a target replacement almost always entails clinical downtime, such a relation would be useful in predicting when a target change should be scheduled. Results: We collected beam‐on data—including daily and patient specific QA procedures but excluding MVCT beam‐on and engineering time—for periods between target changes. The first, second and third periods of 12, 5.75 and 3.75 months had total beam‐on times of 369, 212 and 136 hours, respectively. The average daily times for the same periods were 1.4, 1.68 and 1.65 hours. Conclusion: These data are not yet conclusive but do suggest that lower average daily load impacts on target life stronger than cumulative load. An extended analysis of target wear and beam‐on statistics, including MVCT times, will be presented.
Nanostructure-Dependent Metal−Insulator Transitions in Vanadium-Oxide Nanowires (2008)

Single-crystal VO2 nanowires were synthesized using atmospheric-pressure and physical vapor deposition and outfitted with electrodes for current−voltage measurements. The Mott insulator-to-metal transition temperatures of several nanowires with varying lateral dimensions were determined by measuring the voltage values at which the sharp current step, signaling that the occurrence of the insulator-to-metal or the reverse transitions, had taken place. The observed Mott transition temperatures, which ranged between 62 and 70 °C for the nanowires measured, trended downward with decreasing nanowire width. We ascribe this to strong interactions between the nanowire and the underlying silica substrate. However, the scatter in the Mott-temperature versus nanowire width exceeded the experimental uncertainty in the values of the Mott temperature, indicating that other parameters also contribute to the precise value of the Mott transition temperature of nanostructured VO2.
Antibiotic multidrug resistance in the cystic fibrosis airway microbiome is associated with decreased diversity (2018)

The presence of MDR within the CF airway microbiome was associated with decreased microbial diversity, the presence of <i>Alcaligenes</i>, and decreased pulmonary function.
Palladium(II)-assisted difunctionalization of monoolefins: total synthesis of (+)-negamycin and (-)-5-epi-negamycin (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium(II)-assisted difunctionalization of monoolefins: total synthesis of (+)-negamycin and (-)-5-epi-negamycinJohn J. Masters and Louis S. HegedusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 17, 4547–4554Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00069a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00069a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lempke's gold spot Plusia putnami gracilis (Lempke) (Lep.: Noctuidae): new to Cheshire (VC 58) (2002)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Intrauterine endotoxin-induced impairs pulmonary vascular function and right ventricular performance in infant rats and improvement with early vitamin D therapy (2015)

High pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), proximal pulmonary artery (PA) impedance, and right ventricular (RV) afterload due to remodeling contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Intra-amniotic exposure to endotoxin (ETX) causes sustained PH and high mortality in rat pups at birth, which are associated with impaired vascular growth and RV hypertrophy in survivors. Treatment of ETX-exposed pups with antenatal vitamin D (vit D) improves survival and lung growth, but the effects of ETX exposure on RV-PA coupling in the neonatal lung are unknown. We hypothesized that intrauterine ETX impairs RV-PA coupling through sustained abnormalities of PA stiffening and RV performance that are attenuated with vit D therapy. Fetal rats were exposed to intra-amniotic injections of ETX, ETX+vit D, or saline at 20 days gestation (term = 22 days). At postnatal day 14, pups had pressure-volume measurements of the RV and isolated proximal PA, respectively. Lung homogenates were assayed for extracellular matrix (ECM) composition by Western blot. We found that ETX lungs contain decreased α-elastin, lysyl oxidase, collagen I, and collagen III proteins (P < 0.05) compared control and ETX+vit D lungs. ETX-exposed animals have increased RV mechanical stroke work (P < 0.05 vs. control and ETX+vit D) and elastic potential energy (P < 0.05 vs. control and ETX+vit D). Mechanical stiffness and ECM remodeling are increased in the PA (P < 0.05 vs. control and ETX+vit D). We conclude that intrauterine exposure of fetal rats to ETX during late gestation causes persistent impairment of RV-PA coupling throughout infancy that can be prevented with early vit D treatment.
Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA): pathophysiological functions in vivo (2010)

Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) is a serine protease initially identified as a potent activator of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor is known to be critically involved in tissue morphogenesis, regeneration, and tumor progression, via its receptor, MET. In vivo, HGFA also activates macrophage-stimulating protein, which has roles in macrophage recruitment and inflammatory processes, cellular survival and wound healing through its receptor, RON. Therefore, the pericellular activity of HGFA might be an important factor regulating the activities of these multifunctional cytokines in vivo. HGFA is secreted mainly by the liver, circulates in the plasma as a zymogen (pro-HGFA), and is activated in response to tissue injury, including tumor growth. In addition, local production of pro-HGFA by epithelial, stromal or tumor cells has been reported. Although the generation of HGFA-knockout mice revealed that the role played by HGFA in normal development and physiological settings can be compensated for by other protease systems, HGFA has important roles in regeneration and initial macrophage recruitment in injured tissue in vivo. Insufficient activity of HGFA results in impaired regeneration of severely damaged mucosal epithelium, and may contribute to the progression of fibrotic lung diseases. On the other hand, deregulated excess activity of HGFA may be involved in the progression of some types of cancer.
Hardware Implementation of GF(2 m ) LDPC Decoders. (2009)

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes over GF(2) are an extension of binary LDPC codes with significantly higher performance. However, the computational complexity of the encoders/decoders for these codes is also higher. Hence there is a substantial lack of hardware implementations for LDPC over GF(2) codes. This paper proposes a novel variation of the belief propagation algorithm for GF(2) LDPC codes. The new algorithm results in a reduced hardware complexity when implemented in VLSI. The serial architecture of the novel decoding algorithm and two other algorithms for LDPC over GF(2) are implemented on an FPGA. The results show that the proposed algorithm has substantial advantages over existing methods. We show that the implementation of LDPC over GF(2) decoder is feasible for short to medium length codes. The additional complexity of the decoder is balanced by the superior performance of GF(2) LDPC codes.
MMP-9 regulates CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in the early phase of neuropathic pain in chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury (CCI) rats (2020)

The mechanism of MMP-9 participating in the early phase of neuropathic pain (NP) in CCI rats is related to the upregulation of CX3CL1.
Choice of frequency via principal component in high-frequency multivariate volatility models (2017)

본 논문은 다변량 실현 변동성 계산에서 주기 선택 방안에 대해 연구하고 있다. 고빈도(high frequency) 시계열 자료에 기초한 일간 변동성인 실현변동성을 계산하고 차원 축소 방법인 주성분을 도입하였다. Cholesky 모형을 포함한 다양한 다변량 변동성모형을 주성분을 통해 비교하였으며 KOSPI/삼성전자/현대차 고빈도 수익률 자료를 이용하여 예시하였다. We investigate multivariate volatilities based on high frequency time series. The PCA (principal component analysis) method is employed to achieve a dimension reduction in multivariate volatility. Multivariate realized volatilities (RV) with various frequencies are calculated from high frequency data and "optimum" frequency is suggested using PCA. Specifically, RVs with various frequencies are compared with existing daily volatilities such as Cholesky, EWMA and BEKK after dimension reduction via PCA. An analysis of high frequency stock prices of KOSPI, Samsung Electronics and Hyundai motor company is illustrated.