gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Representing Audio Narrations of Photos (2013)

Inspired by an elderly woman with aphasia who loves to share stories using pictures, Amanda Legge has undertaken the task of designing a customizable, audio, photo-sharing toolkit. This toolkit, which is meant to bridge the paper and digital worlds, uses digital pens to attach audio to photos printed on special dot-pattern paper. Using rapid and re-iterative prototyping techniques to guide the design process of these audio photo-narration representations, Legge begins by exploring visualizations with both tactile and visual feedback. After gaining some initial user feedback from this pilot exploration, she goes on to create real audio prototypes of the most successful visualizations using genuine photo narratives. Usability testing on these audio prototypes exposes the visualizations’ best and worst features, but to ensure a proper evaluation, participants are also given the opportunity to create their own paper prototype of a personal photo. Each step of the re-iterative prototyping process reveals important insights as to the best representation of audio narrations on photos, and the chosen design ensures the creation of a successful, user-friendly, audio photo-sharing toolkit.
The thoughtful elephant: strategies for spoken dialog systems (2000)

We present technology used in spoken dialog systems for applications of a wide range. They include tasks from the travel domain and automatic switchboards as well as large scale directory assistance. The overall goal in developing spoken dialog systems is to allow for a natural and flexible dialog flow similar to human-human interaction. This imposes the challenging task to recognize and interpret user input, where he/she is allowed to choose from an unrestricted vocabulary and an infinite set of possible formulations. We therefore put emphasis on strategies that make the system more robust while still maintaining a high level of naturalness and flexibility. In view of this paradigm, we found that two fundamental principles characterize many of the proposed methods: to consider available sources of information as early as possible; and to keep alternative hypotheses and delay the decision for a single option as long as possible. We describe how our system architecture caters to incorporating application specific knowledge, including, for example, database constraints, in the determination of the best sentence hypothesis for a user turn. On the next higher level, we use the dialog history to assess the plausibility of a sentence hypothesis by applying consistency checks with information items from previous user turns. In particular, we demonstrate how combination decisions over several turns can be exploited to boost the recognition performance of the system.
Experimental investigation on line width compression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in water (2011)

Line width compression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in water was investigated experimentally. The results show that, when the water temperature is low, the compressing effect is obvious. However, when the temperature is higher than 25 °C, the line width is almost not compressed in water. Also, the pulse duration compression of SBS was measured simultaneously, and appeared an inherent relation to line width compression. It reveals that the line width can be simply measured by measuring the compressed pulse duration of SBS.
Artificial Placenta - Lung Assist Devices for Term and Preterm Newborns with Respiratory Failure (2013)

Respiratory insufficiency is a major cause of neonatal mortality and long-term morbidity, especially in very low birth weight infants. Today, non-invasive and mechanical ventilation are commonly accepted procedures to provide respiratory support to newborns, but they can reach their limit of efficacy. To overcome this technological plateau and further reduce mortality rates, the technology of an "artificial placenta", which is a pumpless lung assist device connected to the umbilical vessels, would serve to expand the therapeutic spectrum when mechanical ventilation becomes inadequate to treat neonates with severe respiratory insufficiency. The first attempts to create such an artificial placenta took place more than 60 years ago. However, there has been a recent renaissance of this concept, including developments of its major components like the oxygenator, vascular access via umbilical vessels, flow control, as well as methods to achieve hemocompatibility in extracorporeal circuits. This paper gives a review of past and current development, animal experiments and human case studies of artificial placenta technology.
The Dynamics of Collective Sorting: Robot-Like Ants and Ant-Like Robots (1991)

A distributed sorting algorithm, inspired by how ant colonies sort their brood. is presented for use by robot teams. The robots move randomly, do not communicate. have no hierarchical organisation, have no global representation. can only perceive objects just in front of them, but can distinguish between objects of two or more types with a certain degree of error. The probability that they pick up or put down an object is modulated as a function of how many of the same objects they have met in the recent past This generates a positive feed-back that is sufficient to coordinate the robots' activity, resulting in their sorting the objects into common clusters. While less efficient than a hierarchically controlled sorting, this decentralised organisation offers the advantages of simplicity, flexibility and robustness.
COX‐2‐Hemmer: Keine präventive Wirkung gegen Hautkrebs (2022)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In einigen klinischen Studien war die Einnahme von Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐Hemmern mit einem erniedrigten Hautkrebsrisiko bei Hochrisiko‐Patienten assoziiert. Patienten und Methodik Diese Studie sollte die Frage beantworten, ob die Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern mit einem erniedrigten Risiko für Basalzellkarzinome (BCC), kutane Plattenepithelzellkarzinome (cSCC) oder Melanome assoziiert ist. Dafür haben wir die Daten aus drei prospektiven Kohortenstudien mit insgesamt 153 882 Teilnehmern auf die Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern und das Risiko für Hautkrebs hin untersucht: die Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), die NHS II sowie die Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS). Mithilfe des Cox‐Proportional‐Hazard‐Modells wurden die multivariablen Hazard Ratios (HR) und die 95 %‐Konfidenzintervalle (95 %‐KI) für eine Assoziation der Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern mit dem Risiko für BCC, cSCC und Melanom bestimmt. Die Daten wurden mittels eines Fixed‐Effects‐Modells zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse In den Studien waren 16 142 Fälle von BCC, 1973 Fälle von cSCC und 631 Melanomfälle dokumentiert. Die jemals erfolgte Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern war mit einem mäßig erhöhten Risiko für BCC assoziiert (multivariable HR 1,09; 95 % KI 1,05–1,14). Die Hazard Ratio war ähnlich für cSCC (multivariable HR 1,12; 95 % KI 1,00–1,27) und Melanome (multivariable HR 1,10; 95 % KI 0,89–1,38), erreichte jedoch keine statistische Signifikanz. Schlussfolgerung Eine jemals erfolgte Einnahme von COX‐2‐Hemmern war nicht mit einem erniedrigten Risiko für Hautkrebs assoziiert, sondern im Gegenteil mit einem mäßig erhöhten Risiko für Basalzellkarzinome.
The composition of the surface layer of Mars. (1966)

IR spectra of Mars bright areas compared with terrestrial rock, drawing conclusions regarding Mars mineralogy and detrital cover
Dual-Circularly Polarized 60 GHz Beam-Steerable Antenna Array with 8 × 8 Butler Matrix (2020)

A beam-steerable dual-circularly polarized 60 GHz antenna array is proposed. A 1 × 4 dual-fed stacked patch antenna array is integrated with an 8 × 8 Butler matrix. By utilizing the 8 × 8 Butler matrix, the proposed antenna array generates dual-circular polarization with beam-steering capability. The proposed antenna array system demonstrates good reflection coefficients in the frequency band ranging from 55.3 GHz to 64.9 GHz and has a mutual coupling of less than −10 dB over the frequency range of 57.5 GHz–63.2 GHz. At 60 GHz, the maximum gains and beam-steering angles for input ports 2, 4, 5, and 7 are 9.39 dBi at −38°, 10.67 dBi at −11°, 10.63 dBi at +11°, and 9.38 dBi at +39°, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the dual-polarization is well formed by switching the excitation ports. The right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) is formed when four ports from port 1 to port 4 are excited and left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) is formed when four ports from port 5 to port 8 are excited. The proposed antenna array system could be a good candidate for millimeter-wave 5G applications that require wide beam coverage and polarization diversity.
Regulation of the high‐affinity choline transporter activity and trafficking by its association with cholesterol‐rich lipid rafts (2013)

The sodium-coupled, hemicholinium-3-sensitive, high-affinity choline transporter (CHT) is responsible for transport of choline into cholinergic nerve terminals from the synaptic cleft following acetylcholine release and hydrolysis. In this study, we address regulation of CHT function by plasma membrane cholesterol. We show for the first time that CHT is concentrated in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in both SH-SY5Y cells and nerve terminals from mouse forebrain. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells expressing rat CHT with filipin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβC) or cholesterol oxidase significantly decreased choline uptake. In contrast, CHT activity was increased by addition of cholesterol to membranes using cholesterol-saturated MβC. Kinetic analysis of binding of [(3)H]hemicholinium-3 to CHT revealed that reducing membrane cholesterol with MβC decreased both the apparent binding affinity (KD) and maximum number of binding sites (Bmax ); this was confirmed by decreased plasma membrane CHT protein in lipid rafts in cell surface protein biotinylation assays. Finally, the loss of cell surface CHT associated with lipid raft disruption was not because of changes in CHT internalization. In summary, we provide evidence that CHT association with cholesterol-rich rafts is critical for transporter function and localization. Alterations in plasma membrane cholesterol cholinergic nerve terminals could diminish cholinergic transmission by reducing choline availability for acetylcholine synthesis. The sodium-coupled choline transporter CHT moves choline into cholinergic nerve terminals to serve as substrate for acetylcholine synthesis. We show for the first time that CHT is concentrated in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, and decreasing membrane cholesterol significantly reduces both choline uptake activity and cell surface CHT protein levels. CHT association with cholesterol-rich rafts is critical for its function, and alterations in plasma membrane cholesterol could diminish cholinergic transmission by reducing choline availability for acetylcholine synthesis.
Simultaneous Removal of NOxand SO2from Combustion Flue Gas by Pulsed Electron Beams (1998)

Abstract This paper presents the results of plasma chemistry calculations to study the effect of dose rate, pulse length and pulse repetition rate on pulsed electron beam processing of NOx and SO2 in combustion flue gases. The main objective is to determine if the proposed combinations of dose rate, pulse length and pulse repetition rate would have any deleterious effect on the utilization of radicals for pollutant removal. For a dose rate of 2 × 106 kGy per second and a pulse length of 30 nanoseconds, the average dose per pulse is sufficiently low to prevent any deleterious effect on process efficiency because of radical-radical recombination reactions. During each post-pulse period, the radicals are utilized in the oxidation of NOx and SO2 in a timescale of around 200 microseconds; thus, with pulse frequencies of around 5 kilohertz or less, the radical concentrations remain sufficiently low to prevent any significant competition between radical -pollutant and radical - radical reactions. The main conclusion is that a pulsed electron beam reactor, operating with a dose rate of 2 × 106kGy per second, pulse length of 30 ns and pulse repetition rate of up to around 5 kHz, will have the same plasma chemistry efficiency as an electron beam reactor operating with a very low dose rate in continuous mode Keywords: Electron beamdry scrubbingflue gasnitrogen oxidessulfur oxides
Volumetric Determination of Perchlorates in Pyrotechnics. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolumetric Determination of Perchlorates in Pyrotechnics.B. J. Alley and H. W. H. DykesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 6, 1124–1126Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60212a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (435 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Moisture Insensitive PMMA Coated Pt-AlGaN/GaN Diode Hydrogen Sensor and Its Thermal Stability (2018)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) encapsulated Pt-AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes show highly sensitive (100 ppm, 0.01% by volume) room temperature detection of hydrogen and are insensitive to the presence of water in the sensing ambient. These diodes show no physical degradation or loss of sensitivity when repeatedly cycled (50 x, 1 min hold at each temperature) between 25–100°C. There is complete selectivity for hydrogen sensing over other gases, including CO, CO2, NO2, O2 and CH4. The PMMA encapsulation provides an effective and robust barrier to moisture, greatly increasing the range of environments in which the sensors can be used.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azabicyclic Pyrazine Derivatives as Muscarinic Agonists and the Preparation of a Chloropyrazine Analogue with Functional Selectivity at Sub‐Types of the Muscarinic Receptor. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sedation Agents Differentially Modulate Cortical and Subcortical Blood Oxygenation: Evidence from Ultra-High Field MRI at 17.2 T (2014)

Preclinical UHF MRI is a powerful method to monitor the changes in cerebral blood oxygenation level induced by sedative agents across brain structures. This approach also allows for a classification of sedative agents based on their differential effects on cerebral blood oxygenation level.
Highly Luminescent and Temperature Stable Quantum Dot Thin Films Based on a ZnS Composite (2012)

A solution processable Zn(EtXn)2(octylamine) precursor has been used to deposit nanocrystalline ZnS thin films which can effectively host CdSe–CdS–ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with their native surface chemistry intact. The formation of such hybrid QD:ZnS composites proceeds through the initial decomposition of the octylamine stabilized zinc xanthate precursor to form nanocrystalline ZnS. To gain insight into this decomposition process we have utilized headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), grazing angle attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GAATR FTIR), and grazing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD). Through these characterizations we identify that the major decomposition route of Zn(EtXn)2(octylamine) to form ZnS begins at 100 °C, generating predominantly CO2, COS, CS2, and ethanol as gaseous products. The octylamine used to solubilize the metal complex is found to remain adsorbed within the ZnS matrix up to temperatures of above 200 °C; however, due to its ability to favorably passivate the QDs, its presence only aids to increase the fluorescence thermal stability of the composite. Through the study of various alkyl amines passivating the QD surface within the ZnS composite, we identify that the role of the ZnS is to permit good chemical passivation of the QD surface and to create an electronically passivating host. Each of these factors and the additional presence of residual alkyl amines enables such composites to exhibit significantly higher fluorescence stability factors compared to neat QD films. To exemplify the highly lucrative fluorescence stability offered by these QD:ZnS composites, we study the amplified-spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of the resulting thin films and find unprecedented stability of the optical gain states.
Interpreting the Subtest Profile on the Fourth Edition of the Stanford-Binet Scale of Intelligence (1988)

The values needed for interpretation of the Standard Age Scores (SASs) for the subtests of the fourth edition of the Stanford-Binet Scale of Intelligence were computed following the method presented by Davis and Silverstein for other multisubtest intelligence tests. The differences required for significance at the .05 and .01 levels when comparing an individual's subtest SAS to the mean of all the Stanford-Binet subtest SASs administered to each age group were computed. An example of the use of the technique is provided.
The Lack of Rheumatoid Factor in Psoriatic Arthritis (1964)

Summary104 cases of psoriasis arthropathy were compared serologically with 140 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and with 80 cases of uncomplicated psoriasis. Rheumatoid factor was present much more seldom in cases of P.A. than in R.A. and could be demonstrated in only one case of uncomplicated psoriasis. Study of the occurrence of rheumatoid factor in association with various types of roentgenological abnormalities showed that cases of psoriasis with typically localized erosions in the distal joints of the fingers and/or the interphalangeal joints of the lateral toes, with at the same time a total lack of rheumatoid factor, can be classified as psoriatic arthritis. Additional studies are required to throw light on the cause of the low values of macroglobulins in psoriasis.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Plus Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dual Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Synergy or Antagonism? (2009)

There has been an intensive effort to develop novel therapies for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies panitumumab and cetuximab and the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab have demonstrated clinical efficacy and acceptable toxicity in the treatment of mCRC as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Recent clinical trials have explored the efficacy and safety of treatment regimens incorporating chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab and either panitumumab or cetuximab in patients with mCRC. Results from the BOND-2 trial, which investigated cetuximab, bevacizumab, and chemotherapy in mCRC, provided support for this therapeutic approach. Two large randomized phase 3 trials were initiated to evaluate firstline treatment of mCRC. The Panitumumab Advanced Colorectal Cancer Evaluation (PACCE) study investigated the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab with or without panitumumab; CAIRO2 assessed the efficacy and safety of capecitabine/oxaliplatin and bevacizumab with or without cetuximab. In both trials, the combination of bevacizumab, an EGFR-specific antibody, and chemotherapy in first-line treatment of mCRC was associated with increased toxicity and no improvement in patient outcome. These results suggest that these specific combinations should not be used in first-line mCRC outside investigational studies.
Nucleosides. II. Direct synthesis of 5-substituted 2',5'-anhydro-1-.BETA.-D-arabinofuranosyluracils from uridine derivatives. (1985)

Reaction of 5-substituted 2', 5'-dichloro-2', 5'-dideoxyuridines (1a-d) with methanolic sodium hydroxide under reflux afforded the corresponding 5-substituted 2', 5'-anhydro-1-β-D-arabino-furanosyluracils (3a-d) in high yield. On the other hand, reaction of 5-substituted uridines (5a-d) with the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (POCl3/DMF) followed by treatment with methanolic sodium hydroxide under reflux led directly to the formation of the corresponding anhydrouridines (3a-d) in good yield.
High-SPL Air-Coupled Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers Based on 36% ScAlN Thin-Film (2019)

In this paper, air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) using 36% scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) thin-film are presented. ScAlN is known to exhibit higher piezoelectric properties compared to pure AlN leading to significant performance improvements in various piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications including PMUTs. Here, the concentration of Sc in the actual sputtered 1- [Formula: see text]-thick ScAlN film was 36%, which is slightly below the maximum at the phase boundary. The ScAlN PMUTs were fabricated from an SOI wafer, where the dry etching of ScAlN film was optimized. The frequency response and displacement sensitivity of the PMUTs were characterized in the air using laser Doppler vibrometry confirming 2× higher transverse piezoelectric coefficient than AlN. The acoustic transmission and reception of the PMUTs were evaluated from a high-sensitivity microphone and pulse-echo measurements. The PMUTs were designed to operate below 100 kHz in order to mitigate the absorption loss, which resulted in a high transmit pressure of 105-dB sound pressure level (SPL) at 10 cm and only 30-dB attenuation at the 2-m range. Through implementing 36% ScAlN film, the presented PMUTs exhibited a large displacement and consequently, a high SPL compared to the state-of-the-art PMUTs and the bulk transducer considering the size and the excitation voltage.
A noncontact charger using a resonant converter with parallel capacitor of the secondary coil (2000)

A noncontact charging system using a resonant converter is presented in this paper, where the power transfer ability of a detachable transformer is improved by using a parallel capacitor connected to the secondary coil. A method to get the optimum value of the capacitance which would maximize the charging current is described. A method of application to the practical circuit such as a voltage resonant converter is also described.
Topical Laser Application Enhances Enamel Fluoride Uptake and Tribological Properties (2013)

Topical fluoride treatment prevents dental caries. However, the resulting calcium-fluoride-like deposits are soft and have poor wear resistance; therefore, frequent treatment is required. Lasers quickly heat surfaces and can be made portable and suitable for oral remedies. We examined the morphology, nanohardness, elastic modulus, nanowear, and fluoride uptake of fluoride-treated enamel followed by CO2 laser irradiation for 5 and 10 sec, respectively. We found that laser treatments significantly increased the mechanical properties of the calcium-fluoride-like deposits. The wear resistance of the calcium-fluoride-like deposits improved about 34% after laser irradiation for 5 sec and about 40% following irradiation for 10 sec. We also found that laser treatments increased fluoride uptake by at least 23%. Overall, laser treatment significantly improved fluoride incorporation into dental tissue and the wear resistance of the protective calcium-fluoride layer.