gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human tumor stem cell assay: A prospective clinical trial (1984)

Reported is a prospective clinical trial involving 53 patients evaluating the usefulness of a human tumor stem cell assay for selecting chemotherapeutic agents for patients with advanced malignancies. Three patients could not be directed by the cloning system results because of inadequate tumor growth or other difficulties. Cloning efficiency exceeded 90%. Fewer than 3% of soft agar cultures were contaminated by fungal elements. True-positive rates of 65% and true-negative rates of 90% for the cloning assay in predicting response (or lack of response) to chemotherapeutic agents were seen. Preliminary data on the predictive ability of the assay in determining response to adjunctive hyperthermia are presented. With the derivation of mean doubling times from the assay, individualized treatments may be designed for patients with advanced malignancies.
An Improved Method of Harvesting Long Saphenous Vein Grafts (1974)

<i>To the Editor</i>.—The harvesting of saphenous vein grafts requires careful attention to technical detail and is time-consuming. The dissection, especially in the obese person, is often hindered by the variable course of the vein and increases the risks of injury to the vein and of postoperative necrosis of the skin flaps that may follow the undermining necessary to search for the vein. An atraumatic, disposable vein stripper has proved to be a useful guide in locating the course of the vessel and differentiating the main vein from its branches (Figure). The Disposable vein stripper serving as a guide in placement of incisions and in differentiating main vein from its branches. guide can usually be passed up the entire length of the greater saphenous vein through a small incision at the ankle. The guide is easily palpable under the skin and serves as a useful landmark in locating the incisions
Separation of Beta Adrenoceptor Antagonist Enantiomers by High Resolution Capillary Gas Chromatography (1978)

Journal Article Separation of Beta Adrenoceptor Antagonist Enantiomers by High Resolution Capillary Gas Chromatography Get access S. Caccia, S. Caccia Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,” Via Eritrea, 62 - 20157 Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Chiabrando, C. Chiabrando Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,” Via Eritrea, 62 - 20157 Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. De Ponte, P. De Ponte Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,” Via Eritrea, 62 - 20157 Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Fanelli R. Fanelli Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,” Via Eritrea, 62 - 20157 Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 16, Issue 11, November 1978, Pages 543–546, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/16.11.543 Published: 01 November 1978 Article history Received: 30 June 1978 Revision received: 14 September 1978 Published: 01 November 1978
Corrosion of Carbon Steel by Boiling and Superheated Mercury (1965)

AbstractMercury corrosion of Si-deoxidized, low-carbon steel was studied in 5000-h tests using four natural circulation loops with once-through boilers operating at 593°C and with 111°C of superheat. The relative effects of very small quantities of Ti or Zr additions to the Hg and the effectiveness of steel pretreatment (for 500 h at 590–620°C with a liquid Hg-Zr solution), prior to contact with boiling Hg, were determined. A fourth loop, which had no additives nor loop pretreatment, was run simultaneously.With the exception of the Hg-Zr pretreated loop, maximum depth of corrosion did not exceed 50 µm and occurred near the superheater exit where the temperature was the highest. Boiler and condenser corrosion were less than 30 µm in these latter loops. Corrosion 300–1000 µm deep was found on the downstream side of the superheater of the Hg-Zr pretreated loop, and the severity of the attack was attributed to boiling instabilities, which caused liquid Hg to come into contact with the superheater walls.Adherent iron deposits were found in the boilers and cooler liquid regions of three of the loops, but no discernible iron deposits were found in the loop with Zr added. The total quantity of mass-transferred iron (deposits and particulate) was estimated to be approximately 0.2 gm in the Zr-added loop, 0.5 gm in the Ti-added loop, 1 gm in the loop with no additions and 2 gm in the loop pretreated with Hg-Zr solution.
Morphology Control of PbWO<sub>4</sub> Crystals in Formamide/Water Solution (2010)

PbWO4 crystals were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation in formamide (FA)/H2O solution, where the content of FA was found to play crucial role in the morphology of the final products. PbWO4 crystals with various morphologies, such as pagoda, tetra-bipyramid, and bundle of rods, were obtained with an increase of the content of FA. The products were characterized by XRD and photoluminescence measurements.
Detection of nonradiative fields in light of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Rayleigh criterion (1992)

The new concept of superresolution microscopy involving nonradiative field detection by optical tunneling is analyzed in light of the Heisenberg principle and the Rayleigh criterion. A connection is demonstrated between the evanescent field components and the system's resolving power. This work is quite general and can be applied to scanning electronic tunneling microscopy.
Solid‐phase Chemical Ligation (2021)

This chapter is an exhaustive review of the methods developed in the last 25 years for chemical protein synthesis through solid-supported ligation-based assembly of peptide segments. A particular emphasis was put on the nature of solid supports, the structure of the linkers used to link the first segment to the solid support, the different chemoselective ligation strategies investigated, and the post-ligation solid phase transformations.
Inhibition of Cord Blood Cell Expansion by Human Herpesvirus 6 In Vitro (2004)

To elucidate the role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in hematopoiesis, the influence of HHV-6A and HHV-6B on the in vitro expansion and differentiation of cord blood (CB) progenitor cells was investigated in liquid culture. Nonfractionated CB mononuclear cells (CB-MNC) or MACS-enriched CD34+ CB cells were seeded in liquid culture under conditions allowing maximal expansion of nucleated cells. Cells were either incubated with HHV-6A- or HHV-6B-containing cell culture supernatants or a virus-free control. After 7, 14, and 21 days, cells were analyzed for growth by cell count, for differentiation by flow cytometry, and for HHV-6 infection by antigen detection or PCR. Expansion of CB-MNC was significantly inhibited by HHV-6A and HHV-6B for a period of 3 weeks, including reduced proportions of CD34+ and CD33+ cells in HHV-6-treated cultures on day 7. In contrast, when starting with enriched CD34+ cells, the expansion was only affected by HHV-6A. Inhibition of CD34 and CD33 cell development was less pronounced in these cultures compared to CB-MNC cultures. However, HHV-6 antigen and DNA was detectable in these cultures. In conclusion, although HHV-6A inhibited expansion of CD34 progenitor cells, HHV-6B inhibited growth of immature CB cells only in interaction with nonfractionated CB-MNC.
Long read sequencing reveals a novel class of structural aberrations in cancers: identification and characterization of cancerous local amplifications (2019)

Abstract Here we report identification of a new class of local structural aberrations in lung cancers. The whole-genome sequencing of cell lines using a long read sequencer, PromethION, demonstrated that typical cancerous mutations, such as point mutations, large deletions and gene fusions can be detected also on this platform. Unexpectedly, we revealed unique structural aberrations consisting of complex combinations of local duplications, inversions and micro deletions. We further analyzed and found that these mutations also occur in vivo , even in key cancer-related genes. These mutations may elucidate the molecular etiology of patients for whom causative cancerous events and therapeutic strategies remain elusive.
Carbothermal reduction of sillimanite (1996)

Preliminary studies on the carbothermal reduction of sillimanite (Al2O3SiO2) powders are reported. The effects of various reaction parameters, e.g. reaction temperature (1550–1700 °C), C: Si molar ratio (4.5–9.0) in the reactant mixtures, the nature and source of carbon (carbon black or activated charcoal) and the reaction atmosphere (argon or nitrogen under a constant positive gas pressure of 0.15 MPa), on the carbothermal reduction have been investigated. It has been observed that Al2O3 and β-silicon carbide whiskers [β-SiC(w)] are the ultimate products formed in an argon atmosphere. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, β′-sialons are also formed. In all cases, mullite forms as the first intermediate phase at lower temperatures, which later converts progressively to the higher-temperature products.
Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells with controlled conduction band offset of window/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers (2001)

Our group studied the effects of conduction band offset of window/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) layers on CIGS-based solar cell performance. To control the conduction band offset, we considered the use of a window layer of Zn1−xMgxO thin film with a controllable band gap as an alternative to the conventional window layer using CdS film. From the measurement of valence band offset between Zn1−xMgxO/CIGS layers and the band gap of each layer, we confirmed that the conduction band offset of Zn1−xMgxO/CIGS layers could be controlled by changing the Mg content of the Zn1−xMgxO film. The CIGS-based solar cells prepared for this study consisted of an ITO/Zn1−xMgxO/CIGS/Mo/soda-lime glass structure. When the conduction band minimum of Zn1−xMgxO was higher than that of CIGS, the performance of CIGS-based solar cells with a Zn1−xMgxO window layer was equivalent to that of CIGS-based solar cells with CdS window layers. We confirmed that the control of the conduction band offset of the window/CIGS layers decreases the majority carrier recombination via the Zn1−xMgxO/CIGS interface defects.
Efficient Conversion of Astrocytes to Functional Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using a Single Polycistronic Vector (2011)

Direct cellular reprogramming is a powerful new tool for regenerative medicine. In efforts to understand and treat Parkinson's Disease (PD), which is marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, direct reprogramming provides a valuable new source of these cells. Astrocytes, the most plentiful cells in the central nervous system, are an ideal starting population for the direct generation of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to their potential utility in cell replacement therapies for PD or in modeling the disease in vitro, astrocyte-derived dopaminergic neurons offer the prospect of direct in vivo reprogramming within the brain. As a first step toward this goal, we report the reprogramming of astrocytes to dopaminergic neurons using three transcription factors - ASCL1, LMX1B, and NURR1 - delivered in a single polycistronic lentiviral vector. The process is efficient, with 18.2±1.5% of cells expressing markers of dopaminergic neurons after two weeks. The neurons exhibit expression profiles and electrophysiological characteristics consistent with midbrain dopaminergic neurons, notably including spontaneous pacemaking activity, stimulated release of dopamine, and calcium oscillations. The present study is the first demonstration that a single vector can mediate reprogramming to dopaminergic neurons, and indicates that astrocytes are an ideal starting population for the direct generation of dopaminergic neurons.
Continuum Processes in Atomic Nitrogen (1971)

The results of detailed multichannel close-coupling calculations of the autoionizing states converging on the $^{1}D$ and $^{1}S$ terms of the ground-state configuration of the nitrogen ion are described. The effect of these states on the photoionization of the ground-state terms of the nitrogen atom is also discussed. Photoionization cross sections are given for the processes $h\ensuremath{\nu}+\mathrm{N}(^{4}S,^{2}P,^{2}D)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{N}}^{+}(^{3}P,^{1}D,^{1}S)+\ensuremath{\epsilon}l$ and the results are analyzed in detail in detail in terms of the level assignments, positions, widths, resonance-shape parameters, and quantum defects of the identified autoionizing series. The self-consistency of the calculations is demonstrated by comparison with other theoretical results and the one experimental measurement available. Some suggestions for possible experimental work are also made.
Global Intelligent Electric/Electronic System in Vehicle (2006)

This paper brings forward a concept of vehicle global intelligent electric/electronic system (GIEES) which is one of the tendencies in future vehicle development. The GIEES framework is built up according to analyzing the properties of electric/electronic devices in current vehicle, applying the advanced network technology - CAN/LIN and joining an on-board central computer. By means of integrating the micro electronic controller into individual device, intelligent electric/electronic devices are developed. On-board central computer which is manager of the system and interface to passengers is designed. CAN/LIN topology and network framework are set up to adapt vehicle layout. Based on these, electricity distribution mechanism and uniform wiring are studied as well. Functions of the whole system are explained in detail.
Enhancing the Performance of a Safe Controller Via Supervised Learning for Truck Lateral Control (2019)

Correct-by-construction techniques, such as control barrier functions (CBFs), can be used to guarantee closed-loop safety by acting as a supervisor of an existing legacy controller. However, supervisory-control intervention typically compromises the performance of the closed-loop system. On the other hand, machine learning has been used to synthesize controllers that inherit good properties from a training dataset, though safety is typically not guaranteed due to the difficulty of analyzing the associated learning structure. In this paper, supervised learning is combined with CBFs to synthesize controllers that enjoy good performance with provable safety. A training set is generated by trajectory optimization that incorporates the CBF constraint for an interesting range of initial conditions of the truck model. A control policy is obtained via supervised learning that maps a feature representing the initial conditions to a parameterized desired trajectory. The learning-based controller is used as the performance controller and a CBF-based supervisory controller guarantees safety. A case study of lane keeping (LK) for articulated trucks shows that the controller trained by supervised learning inherits the good performance of the training set and rarely requires intervention by the CBF supervisor.
High-aspect-ratio Si vertical micromirror arrays for optical switching (1998)

Arrays of bulk-micromachined high-aspect-ratio vertical Si mirrors were designed, fabricated, and characterized for optical switching applications. These 50-/spl mu/m-tall vertical mirrors were fabricated by the deep-etch shallow-diffusion process. The released Si mirrors have smooth sidewalls with 5-nm surface roughness. An electrostatic comb drive applied to actuate the mirrors which were supported by folded or serpentine beams. For 800-/spl mu/m-long, 3-/spl mu/m-wide, and 50-/spl mu/m-thick folded suspension beams, a lateral mirror movement of 34 /spl mu/m was achieved by a driving voltage of 30 V. Resonant frequency of 987 Hz was obtained for similar devices at atmospheric pressure. There are tradeoffs between mirror displacement and resonant frequency. The mirror displacement increases with beam length (BL) and decreases with beam width (BW). However, the resonant frequency increases with BW, but decreases with BL, which is in agreement with the theoretical calculations. These vertical Si micromirrors were coated with Au to increase the reflectivity. Magnetron sputtering of Au at low pressure was applied to achieve uniform and smooth sidewall coverage. Optical measurement on 50-/spl mu/m-tall Au-coated Si mirrors showed a reflectivity of 85% (-0.71 dB). Dynamic response of the Si micromirror switches was measured, and the switching function was successfully demonstrated at a frequency up to 1.2 KHz.
A homological approach to a mathematical definition of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema on computed tomography (2021)

Three-dimensional imaging is essential to evaluate local abnormalities and understand structure-function relationships in an organ. However, quantifiable and interpretable methods to localize abnormalities remain unestablished. Visual assessments are prone to bias, machine learning methods depend on training images, and the underlying decision principle is usually difficult to interpret. Here, we developed a homological approach to mathematically define emphysema and fibrosis in the lungs on computed tomography (CT). With the use of persistent homology, the density of homological features, including connected components, tunnels, and voids, was extracted from the volumetric CT scans of lung diseases. A pair of CT values at which each homological feature appeared (birth) and disappeared (death) was computed by sweeping the threshold levels from higher to lower CT values. Consequently, fibrosis and emphysema were defined as voxels with dense voids having a longer lifetime (birth-death difference) and voxels with dense connected components having a lower birth, respectively. In an independent dataset including subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), the proposed definition enabled accurate segmentation with comparable quality to deep learning in terms of Dice coefficients. Persistent homology-defined fibrosis was closely associated with physiological abnormalities such as impaired diffusion capacity and long-term mortality in subjects with IPF and CPFE, and persistent homology-defined emphysema was associated with impaired diffusion capacity in subjects with COPD. The present persistent homology-based evaluation of structural abnormalities could help explore the clinical and physiological impacts of structural changes and morphological mechanisms of disease progression.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study proposes a homological approach to mathematically define a three-dimensional texture feature of emphysema and fibrosis on chest computed tomography using persistent homology. The proposed definition enabled accurate segmentation with comparable quality to deep learning while offering higher interpretability than deep learning-based methods.
Comparative Field Performance of Tissue Culture‐Derived Lines and Breeder Lines of HY320 Spring Wheat (1994)

Abstract This study examines the performance of somaclonal spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines developed through culture of somatic embryos. Twenty‐nine breeder lines of the spring wheat cv. ‘HY320’ were compared to 51 somaclonal lines of the same cultivar. Somaclonal lines were derived from 27 individual embryos (with up to four lines in each “family”). Somaclonal and breeder lines were evaluated in five field experiments in western Canada. Somaclonal lines were more variable than breeder lines for most agronomic, yield component and quality characters, suggesting that variability among somaclonal lines resulted partly from the tissue culture process. Somaclonal lines yielded, on average, 11 % less than breeder lines. Somaclonal lines had 3.8 % fewer spikelets per spike, 6.5 % fewer kernels per spike and kernels which were 2.7 % lighter. Somaclonal lines had greater test weight, protein concentration, and sedimentation values, and harder kernels.
Pressure Gain Combustor Component Viability Assessment Based on Initial Testing (2011)

A review of recent testing has been performed to assess the viability of a wave-rotorbased pressure-gain combustor. Tests accomplished in 2009 at the Purdue Zucrow lab on the Wave Rotor Combustor Rig (WRCR) provide basic information on the combustion processes achievable in a wave rotor passage. During a 30 day test period, 34 successful tests were completed, the longest of which was a 3-second firing was completed which totaled nearly 2,000 individual combustion events. Analysis of the results indicated stable combustor operation. The operability of the device is assessed regarding stability and combustion speeds. Agreement with predicted operation is examined. Potential for successful integration into a gas turbine as a replacement of a conventional combustor is addressed.
Green strength of powder compacts provided for production of highly porous titanium parts (2005)

The production route of highly porous near net shape titanium parts includes the green machining of compacts made of metallic and pore former (often ammonium bicarbonate) powder mixtures. Success in green machining greatly depends on compact strength. The aim of the present work was to determine and quantitatively evaluate factors influencing the green strength of titanium–ammonium bicarbonate compacts. The substantial dependence of green strength on the amount of pore former and compaction pressure was demonstrated. Some influence of the particle size of ammonium bicarbonate on compact strength was also observed. A theoretical explanation of these experimental results is given. A sharp decrease of green strength owing to decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate in compacts during holding in air was experimentally found. The factors influencing decomposition, i.e. time, compaction pressure and particle size of pore former, were investigated in detail. The catalytic action of titanium on decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate is discussed.
Comparative Functional Genomics of the Fission Yeasts (2011)

The fission yeast clade—comprising Schizosaccharomyces pombe, S. octosporus, S. cryophilus, and S. japonicus—occupies the basal branch of Ascomycete fungi and is an important model of eukaryote biology. A comparative annotation of these genomes identified a near extinction of transposons and the associated innovation of transposon-free centromeres. Expression analysis established that meiotic genes are subject to antisense transcription during vegetative growth, which suggests a mechanism for their tight regulation. In addition, trans-acting regulators control new genes within the context of expanded functional modules for meiosis and stress response. Differences in gene content and regulation also explain why, unlike the budding yeast of Saccharomycotina, fission yeasts cannot use ethanol as a primary carbon source. These analyses elucidate the genome structure and gene regulation of fission yeast and provide tools for investigation across the Schizosaccharomyces clade.