gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benefits of a Single-Person Spacecraft for Weightless Operations (2012)

Historically, less than 20 percent of crew time related to extravehicular activity (EVA) is spent on productive external work. For planetary operations space suits are still the logical choice; however for safe and rapid access to the weightless environment, spacecraft offer compelling advantages. FlexCraft, a concept for a single-person spacecraft, enables any-time access to space for short or long excursions by different astronauts. For the International Space Station (ISS), going outside is time-consuming, requiring pre-breathing, donning a fitted space suit, and pumping down an airlock. For each ISS EVA this is between 12.5 and 16 hours. FlexCraft provides immediate access to space because it operates with the same cabin atmosphere as its host. Furthermore, compared to the space suit pure oxygen environment, a mixed gas atmosphere lowers the fire risk and allows use of conventional materials and systems. For getting to the worksite, integral propulsion replaces hand-over-hand translation or having another crew member operate the robotic arm. This means less physical exertion and more time at the work site. Possibly more important, in case of an emergency, FlexCraft can return from the most distant point on ISS in less than a minute. The one-size-fits-all FlexCraft means no on-orbit inventory of parts or crew time required to fit all astronauts. With a shirtsleeve cockpit, conventional displays and controls are used, there is no suit trauma and because the work is not strenuous, no rest days are required. Furthermore, there is no need to collect hand tools because manipulators are equipped with force multiplying end-effectors that can deliver the precise torque for the job. FlexCraft is an efficient solution for asteroid exploration allowing all crew to use one vehicle with no risk of contamination. And, because FlexCraft is a vehicle, its design offers better radiation and micro-meteoroid protection than space suits.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOCONVERSION OF 19‐NORTESTOSTERONE BY RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS FISCHER. II (1978)

Abstract Bei der Inkubation von 19‐Nortestosteron (I) mit einer Kultur von Rhizopus arrhizus (R. arr.) tritt stereospezifisch Hydroxylierung am C‐10 und C‐6 ein, wobei ein untrennbares 60 z40‐Gemisch der isomeren Hydroxynortestosterone (IIa) und (IIb) gebildet wird.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL SHOW NOT TELL PADA PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERPEN SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 3 LAMASI (2018)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan model pembelajaran show not tell dalam menulis cerpen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan cara teknik purposive sampling.Hasil observasi yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa model show not tell sangat efektif pada pembelajaran menulis cerpen, uji materi yang dilakukan diakhir pembelajaran menunjukan rata-rata nilai siswa yang memuaskan. Wawancara yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui respon siswa pun memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa model show nottell menarik atensi siswa karena sangat membantu siswa memahami materi pembelajaran.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penggunaan model show not tell pada pembelajaran menulis cerpen siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Lamasi sangat efektif, terlihat pada hasil pretest kelas eksperimen nilai rata-rata 61,83, standar deviasi 6,22, sedangkan hasil posttest nilai rata-rata 73,83, standar deviasi 6,11 baik untuk menarik atensi peserta didik maupun membantu peserta didik memahami materi pembelajaran.
Lessons learned from building and deploying a code review analytics platform (2015)

Tool-based code review is growing in popularity and has become a standard part of the development process at Mi-crosoft. Adoption of these tools makes it possible to mine data from code reviews and provide access to it. In this paper, we pre-sent an experience report for CodeFlow Analytics, a system that collects code review data, generates metrics from this data, and provides a number of ways for development teams to access the metrics and data. We discuss the design, design decisions and chal-lenges that we encountered when building CodeFlow Analytics. We contacted teams that used CodeFlow Analytics over the past two years and discuss what prompted them to use CodeFlow Ana-lytics, how they have used it, and what the impact has been. Fur-ther, we survey research that has been enabled by using the Code-Flow Analytics platform. We provide a series of lessons learned from this experience to help others embarking on a task of building an analytics platform in an enterprise setting.
X ray microcopy of polymer photonic structures. (2019)

The last decades were beneficial for nanofabrication techniques but validation of the increasingly complex nano-structures became more challenging. Recent advancements of X-ray tomography permit 3D reconstruction down to 20 nm resolution. We propose the use of this non-invasive technique to quantify the fabrication quality of 3D structures made with direct laser writing (DLW). The comparison of X-ray density function with the designed fabrication density map brings into light information of how polymerization takes place throughout the fabricated volume and also gives the opportunity to estimate the impact on the optical response of such media.
QoS Aware Service Scheduling Scheme for VANETs (2015)

People immediately want to access the required data in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). They provide the requests to road side unit (RSU) while travelling. The job of RSU is to handle various requests in such a way so that the service ratio and the quality of service (QoS) is optimized. In this paper we present a mechanism to achieve this goal. Our proposed algorithm considers both data size and deadline and optimizes uploading/downloading based on number of requests to be handled. It also deals with the impact of missed upload operations to achieve maximum optimization. The proposed scheme categorizes data into two classes to assign weight according to their effect on QoS and assigns priorities to upload and download requests while maintaining common queue for both upload and download requests. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed algorithm provides better service ratio and QoS than existing techniques.
[The strategic use of genetic polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolizing enzyme for prevention of cancer]. (1997)

Prevention is an important and effective measure for reducing death caused by cancer. Thus information on individual susceptibility to cancer is valuable in suggesting high-risk individuals to avoid intake of carcinogenic substances and undergo frequent physical examinations. To this end, polymorphisms found within cytochrome P450 genes implicated in metabolism of procarcinogens are expected to be good genetic targets in assessing human cancer susceptibility. The present author has shown the polymorphisms within arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene, which is responsible for inducing CYP1A1, an enzyme activating carcinogens in cigarette smoke, does not significantly associate with lung cancer susceptibility in the Japanese population, in contrast to mouse animal model, whose susceptibility is known to be governed by AhR polymorphisms. A newly identified polymorphism in CYP1A1 itself, however, may determine lung cancer susceptibility.
Radiation Modification of Piezoelectric Properties of Piezoceramic Polymer Composites (1999)

The possibility of an improvement of the piezoelectric properties of composites with 0–3 connectivity based on polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidenefluoride with ceramic fillers of the lead titanate zirconate group by influence of a small dose (up to 25 to 30 Mrad) of γ-irradiation in air is shown. It is established that irradiation before polarization of samples leads to an increase of g33 by about ten times owing to a decrease of the dielectric constant and an increase of the composite modulus of elasticity. The action of γ-irradiation on the polarized samples leads to a decrease of their piezoelectric characteristics.
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) (2003)

Abstract With properly timed sequences of ultrafast electron pulses, it is now possible to image complex molecular structures in the four dimensions of space and time with resolutions of 0.01 Å and 1 ps, respectively. The new limits of ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) provide the means for the determination of transient molecular structures, including reactive intermediates and non‐equilibrium structures of complex energy landscapes. By freezing structures on the ultrafast timescale, we are able to develop concepts that correlate structure with dynamics. Examples include structure‐driven radiationless processes, dynamics‐driven reaction stereochemistry, pseudorotary transition‐state structures, and non‐equilibrium structures exhibiting negative temperature, bifurcation, or selective energy localization in bonds. These successes in the studies of complex molecular systems, even without heavy atoms, and the recent development of a new machine devoted to structures in the condensed phase, establish UED as a powerful method for mapping out temporally changing molecular structures in chemistry, and potentially, in biology. This review highlights the advances made at Caltech, with emphasis on the principles of UED, its evolution through four generations of instrumentation (UED‐1 to UED‐4) and its diverse applications.
Use of Imageless Navigation in the Conversion of Hip Fusion to Total Hip Arthroplasty (2021)

Conversion of hip arthrodesis to total hip arthroplasty is associated with significant challenges, including accurate restoration of leg length and proper orientation of the acetabular component. Computer-assisted navigation provides real-time data on these parameters that may be a useful augment during hip fusion takedown surgery. Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with symptoms related to a left hip arthrodesis. The patient underwent a left-sided hip arthrodesis takedown and conversion to a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Due to the altered anatomical architecture of the fused hip, imageless navigation was used to assist with the conversion to THA. This case demonstrates that in complex hip arthroplasty procedures, where anatomical morphology is altered, navigation technology can be beneficial in addressing the challenges of achieving optimal placement of acetabular components and establishing appropriate leg length and offset.
Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks (2018)

Nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus occurs at the interface of the maternal intervillous blood and the vast villous capillary network that makes up much of the parenchyma of the human placenta. The distal villous capillary network is the terminus of the fetal blood supply after several generations of branching of vessels extending out from the umbilical cord. This network has a contiguous cellular sheath, the syncytial trophoblast barrier layer, which prevents mixing of fetal blood and the maternal blood in which it is continuously bathed. Insults to the integrity of the placental capillary network, occurring in disorders such as maternal diabetes, hypertension and obesity, have consequences that present serious health risks for the fetus, infant, and adult. To better define the structural effects of these insults, a protocol was developed for this study that captures capillary network structure on the order of 1 - 2 mm<sup>3</sup> wherein one can investigate its topological features in its full complexity. To accomplish this, clusters of terminal villi from placenta are dissected, and the trophoblast layer and the capillary endothelia are immunolabeled. These samples are then clarified with a new tissue clearing process which makes it possible to acquire confocal image stacks to z- depths of ~1 mm. The three-dimensional renderings of these stacks are then processed and analyzed to generate basic capillary network measures such as volume, number of capillary branches, and capillary branch end points, as validation of the suitability of this approach for capillary network characterization.
Processing pathway for protease B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1989)

The vacuolar protease B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a subtilisin-like protease encoded by the PRB1 gene. Antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide and an Escherichia coli-derived PRB1 open reading frame (ORF) protein cross-react with authentic protease B from yeast. By using these antibodies, the posttranslational biosynthetic pathway of protease B has been elucidated. Preproprotease B is a 76-kD unglycosylated precursor that enters the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it receives one asparagine-linked (Asn-linked) and an undetermined number of non-Asn-linked carbohydrate side chains. The large glycosylated intermediate is proteolytically processed to a 39-kD form before exiting the ER. In the Golgi complex, the 39-kD form becomes 40 kD, due to elaboration of the Asn-linked side chain. The carboxyterminal end of the 40-kD proprotease B undergoes protease A-mediated processing to a 37-kD intermediate, which in turn is quickly processed to 31-kD mature protease B. The ultimate processing step removes a peptide containing the Asn-linked chain; mature PrB has only non-Asn-linked carbohydrate.
Fault-tolerant parallel computing (1990)

I have recently started a new project to develop algorithms and design language and system support for fault-tolerant parallel programs. This position paper briefly summarizes the motivation for the project and my plans for the next few years.
A Deeper Insight into the Postpolymerization Modification of Polypenta Fluorophenyl Methacrylates to Poly(N‐(2‐Hydroxypropyl) Methacrylamide) (2014)

This work provides a detailed insight into the synthesis of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) polymers employing the activated ester approach. In this approach, polypenta fluorophenyl methacrylate (PFPMA)-activated ester polymers are synthesized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and transferred into HPMA-based systems by the use of 2-hydroxypropylamine. To prove quantitative conversion in the absence of side reactions, special attention is devoted to investigate different reaction conditions by different analytical methods ((1) H, (19) F, inverse-gated (13) C NMR, and zeta potential measurements). Furthermore the influence of common solvent impurities, such as water, is investigated. Besides differences in polymer tacticity, the poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) (PHPMA) synthesized under water-free conditions display the same properties like the conventional synthesized control-PHPMA. However, 3% water content in the dimethylsulfoxide are already sufficient to yield PHPMA polymers with a negative zeta potential of -15.8 mV indication the presence of carboxylic groups due to partial hydrolysis of the activated ester.
COVID-19 as a chance for hybrid teaching concepts (2021)

COVID-19 has turned the 2020 spring semester upside down. Three days before the start of the block week of the "Teamwork" module, the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) announced the ban on live interaction, which made it impossible to conduct five days of practice in the simulation centre of the University Hospital of Zurich. But how can the teaching of all the learning objectives necessary for medical training be guaranteed during an exceptional situation with constantly changing conditions? In the case of the BSc Human Medicine at ETH Zurich (ETHZ), the answer is: Hybrid teaching. The field report "COVID-19 as a chance for hybrid teaching concepts" outlines how ETHZ switched to hybrid teaching within a very short time and how hospital placements were combined with video conferences. The qualitative surveys conducted at the end of the semester and the weekly quantitative surveys of students from March to June indicate the importance of personal exchange despite the ban on contact and that interactivity is possible even without physical proximity. An example from the autumn semester will also be used to show which aspects have proved to be successful and can therefore be retained.
Geographic heterogeneity of 4 common worldwide cystic fibrosis non-DF508 mutations in Brazil. (1999)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by at least 750 different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The frequency of the most common mutation (DF508) in Brazilian patients of European origin is 47%. To determine the frequency of 4 other common CF mutations (G542X, G551D, R553X, and N1303K) in Brazilian patients of European origin, we used direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA obtained from dried blood spots on Guthrie cards. The DNA came from 247 non-DF508 chromosomes from 172 Brazilian CF patients ascertained from 5 different states of Brazil. The results show that the 4 mutations account for 17% of the non-DF508 alleles and only 9% of the total number of Brazilian CF alleles. Overall, the frequency of each mutation is different from northern European and North American populations but similar to southern European populations, mainly the Italian and Spanish populations. When Brazilian patients of European origin are grouped according to state of birth, the frequencies of the mutations are significantly different between southern and southeastern states of Brazil. Therefore there are serious implication for risk assessment of DNA-based tests in heterogeneous populations such as Brazilians. Further studies are needed to identify the remaining 44% of CF mutations for the different populations and regions of Brazil.
1.55-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with directly grown AlGaAs/GaAs and Al x O y /GaAs DBR mirrors (1999)

It is possible to grow defect-free strained layers on patterned substrates (mesas or grooves) up to thicknesses far exceeding the critical thickness. Defect nucleation and propagation are inhibited in such growth. We have exploited this property to design and fabricate InP-based 1.55 micrometers vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Careful photoluminescence and TEM studies have confirmed that there are no propagating defects in the GaAs/Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As DBR grown on the patterned active region, or the MQW region. Lasers have been made with InP/InGaAsP bottom mirrors, laterally oxidized InAlAs current confining layers and GaAs/Al<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>y</SUB> top DBR mirrors. Lasers with 8 - 40 micrometers diameter have been characterized. A threshold current of 5 mA is observed at 15 degree(s)C for a 8 micrometers diameter device; and up to 60 (mu) W of light output is recorded.
Modelling and Visualizing Holographic 3D Geographical Scenes with Timely Data Based on the HoloLens (2019)

Commonly, a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) is based on a two-dimensional (2D) visualization platform, hindering the understanding and expression of the real world in 3D space that further limits user cognition and understanding of 3D geographic information. Mixed reality (MR) adopts 3D display technology, which enables users to recognize and understand a computer-generated world from the perspective of 3D glasses and solves the problem that users are restricted to the perspective of a 2D screen, with a broad application foreground. However, there is a gap, especially dynamically, in modelling and visualizing a holographic 3D geographical Scene with GIS data/information under the development mechanism of a mixed reality system (e.g., the Microsoft HoloLens). This paper attempts to propose a design architecture (HoloDym3DGeoSce) to model and visualize holographic 3D geographical scenes with timely data based on mixed reality technology and the Microsoft HoloLens. The HoloDym3DGeoSce includes two modules, 3D geographic scene modelling with timely data and HoloDym3DGeoSce interactive design. 3D geographic scene modelling with timely data dynamically creates 3D geographic scenes based on Web services, providing materials and content for the HoloDym3DGeoSce system. The HoloDym3DGeoSce interaction module includes two methods: Human–computer physical interaction and human–computer virtual–real interaction. The human–computer physical interaction method provides an interface for users to interact with virtual geographic scenes. The human–computer virtual–real interaction method maps virtual geographic scenes to physical space to achieve virtual and real fusion. According to the proposed architecture design scheme, OpenStreetMap data and the BingMap Server are used as experimental data to realize the application of mixed reality technology to the modelling, rendering, and interacting of 3D geographic scenes, providing users with a stronger and more realistic 3D geographic information experience, and more natural human–computer GIS interactions. The experimental results show that the feasibility and practicability of the scheme have good prospects for further development.
Identification and Quantification of Impact Odorants of Aged Red Wines from Rioja. GC−Olfactometry, Quantitative GC-MS, and Odor Evaluation of HPLC Fractions (2001)

An XAD-4 extract from a 5-year-old wine from Rioja (Spain) was analyzed by aroma extract dilution analysis. Most of the odorants were quantified by GC-MS. A second extract was fractionated in an HPLC system with a C-18 semipreparative column. Fifty fractions were recovered, their alcoholic degree and pH were further adjusted to those of the wine, and those fractions that showed strong odor characteristics were further re-extracted and analyzed by GC-O and GC-MS. Reconstitution experiments were carried out to confirm the role of the odorants detected in the fractions. Fifty-eight odorants were found in the Rioja wine, 52 of which could be identified. Methyl benzoate was found to be a wine aroma constituent for the first time. The most important odorants are 4-ethylguaiacol, (E)-whiskey lactone, 4-ethylphenol, beta-damascenone, fusel alcohols, isovaleric and hexanoic acids, eugenol, fatty acid ethyl esters, and ethyl esters of isoacids, Furaneol, phenylacetic acid, and (E)-2-hexenal. Comparison among the three techniques shows good agreement and demonstrates that they are complementary.
2-Phenyl-4-(aminomethyl)imidazoles as Potential Antipsychotic Agents. Synthesis and Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding (1995)

A series of 1-phenyl-3-(aminomethyl)pyrroles were prepared in two steps from aniline and their affinities for D2, D3, and D4 dopamine receptor subtypes determined. A 15-fold selectivity for cloned human D4 receptors over cloned African Green monkey D2 receptors was observed with 1-(2-pyridyl)-4-[[3-(1-phenylpyrrolyl)]methyl]piperazine.
Recapping hemilaminoplasty for spinal surgical disorders using ultrasonic bone curette (2012)

The ultrasonic bone curette is a useful instrument for recapping hemilaminoplasty in various spinal surgeries. This method allows anatomical reconstruction of the excised bone to preserve the posterior surrounding tissues.