gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D receptor in chondrocytes promotes osteoclastogenesis and regulates FGF23 production in osteoblasts (2006)

Genomic actions induced by 1alpha25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] are crucial for normal bone metabolism, mainly because they regulate active intestinal calcium transport. To evaluate whether the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a specific role in growth-plate development and endochondral bone formation, we investigated mice with conditional inactivation of VDR in chondrocytes. Growth-plate chondrocyte development was not affected by the lack of VDR. Yet vascular invasion was impaired, and osteoclast number was reduced in juvenile mice, resulting in increased trabecular bone mass. In vitro experiments confirmed that VDR signaling in chondrocytes directly regulated osteoclastogenesis by inducing receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression. Remarkably, mineral homeostasis was also affected in chondrocyte-specific VDR-null mice, as serum phosphate and 1,25(OH)(2)D levels were increased in young mice, in whom growth-plate activity is important. Both in vivo and in vitro analysis indicated that VDR inactivation in chondrocytes reduced the expression of FGF23 by osteoblasts and consequently led to increased renal expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase and of sodium phosphate cotransporter type IIa. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that VDR signaling in chondrocytes is required for timely osteoclast formation during bone development and for the endocrine action of bone in phosphate homeostasis.
Dispiroketals in synthesis. Part 24.1 Preparation and use of chiral 2,2′-bis(triisopropylsilyloxymethyl)bi(dihydropyran)s as new protecting and resolving agents for 1,2-diols (1999)

C 2 symmetric chiral 2,2′-bis(triisopropylsilyloxymethyl)bi(dihydropyran)s (S,S)-1 and (R,R)-1 were prepared from the corresponding glycidols and selectively reacted with 1,2-diols to give dispiroketals. The products of these reactions could be deprotected following treatment with fluoride, oxidation and reductive cleavage with samarium(II) iodide.
DirectMX – One-Step Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins From Crude Cell Membranes Into Salipro Nanoparticles (2020)

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are central to many physiological processes and represent ∼60% of current drug targets. An intricate interplay with the lipid molecules in the cell membrane is known to influence the stability, structure and function of IMPs. Detergents are commonly used to solubilize and extract IMPs from cell membranes. However, due to the loss of the lipid environment, IMPs usually tend to be unstable and lose function in the continuous presence of detergent. To overcome this problem, various technologies have been developed, including protein engineering by mutagenesis to improve IMP stability, as well as methods to reconstitute IMPs into detergent-free entities, such as nanodiscs based on apolipoprotein A or its membrane scaffold protein (MSP) derivatives, amphipols, and styrene-maleic acid copolymer-lipid particles (SMALPs). Although significant progress has been made in this field, working with inherently unstable human IMP targets (e.g., GPCRs, ion channels and transporters) remains a challenging task. Here, we present a novel methodology, termed DirectMX (for direct membrane extraction), taking advantage of the saposin-lipoprotein (Salipro) nanoparticle technology to reconstitute fragile IMPs directly from human crude cell membranes. We demonstrate the applicability of the DirectMX methodology by the reconstitution of a human solute carrier transporter and a wild-type GPCR belonging to the human chemokine receptor (CKR) family. We envision that DirectMX bears the potential to enable studies of IMPs that so far remained inaccessible to other solubilization, stabilization or reconstitution methods.
Elastic decomposition with downhole geophones and hydrophones (2010)

Decomposition of elastic wavefields into downgoing and upgoing P‐ and S‐wave modes requires knowledge of particle velocity and traction across a receiver array. For land data, receivers are generally deployed at the earth's surface where traction components vanish, such that decomposition can be obtained with solely multi‐ component geophones. For Ocean‐Bottom‐Cable data, receivers are deployed at the seafloor where shear traction components vanish but normal traction components do not, such that an additional hydrophone is required to allow complete decomposition of the elastic system. Receivers can also be deployed in boreholes. In this environment, none of the traction components vanish, such that elastic decomposition requires knowledge of both the particle velocity and traction vector across the receiver array. Downhole geophones and hydrophones can be deployed, recording particle velocity and pressure (normal traction), but the shear traction is generally not recorded, making the elastic decomposition problem underdetermined. To solve this we introduce an additional constraint by separating up‐ and downgoing S‐waves with time‐gates and incorporating them in the elastic decomposition scheme.
Dynamic Nulling-and-Canceling for Efficient Near-ML Decoding of MIMO Systems (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> It is known that conventional nulling-and-canceling (NC) detection for multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) systems cannot exploit all of the available diversity, and, thus, its performance is significantly inferior to that of maximum likelihood (ML) detection. Conventional NC employs the layerwise postequalization signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as reliability measures for layer sorting. These SNRs are &lt;emphasis emphasistype="boldital"&gt;average&lt;/emphasis&gt; quantities that do not depend on the received vector. In this paper, we propose the novel &lt;emphasis emphasistype="boldital"&gt;dynamic nulling-and-canceling&lt;/emphasis&gt; (DNC) technique that uses approximate &lt;emphasis emphasistype="boldital"&gt;a posteriori&lt;/emphasis&gt; probabilities as measures of layer reliability. The DNC technique is a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) nulling scheme combined with an improved “dynamic” layer sorting rule that exploits the information contained in the current received vector. We calculate the error probability of DNC for a simple special case and show that it is upper bounded by the error probability of conventional NC. Simulation results are presented for spatial multiplexing systems and for systems using linear dispersion codes. It is demonstrated that the DNC technique can yield near-ML performance for a wide range of system sizes and channel SNRs at a fraction of the computational complexity of the sphere-decoding algorithm for ML detection. </para>
Seismic while drilling by using dual drill‐string pilot waves (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001Seismic while drilling by using dual drill‐string pilot wavesAuthors: F. PolettoM. MalusaF. MirandaF. PolettoOGS, Trieste, Italy, M. MalusaOGS, Trieste, Italy, and F. MirandaENI‐Agip, Milano Italyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816636 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816636FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION F. Poletto, M. Malusa, and F. Miranda, (2001), "Seismic while drilling by using dual drill‐string pilot waves," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 428-431. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816636 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
[2+2] Cyclo-Addition Reactions for Efficient Polymerization on a HOPG Surface at Ambient Conditions (2022)

Polymers obtained by on-surface chemistry have emerged as a class of promising materials. Here, we propose a new strategy to obtain self-assembled 1D polymers by using photochemical [2+2] cyclo-addition or by using a mild thermal annealing. All nanostructures are fully characterized by using scanning tunneling microscopy at ambient conditions on a graphite surface. We demonstrated that nature of the stimulus strongly alters the overall quality of the resulting polymers in terms of length and number of defects. This new way is an efficient method to elaborate on-surface self-assembled 1D polymers.
rpoB Gene Analysis as a Novel Strategy for Identification of Spirochetes from the Genera Borrelia , Treponema , and Leptospira (2000)

Spirochetes are emerging pathogens for which culture and identification are partly unresolved. In fact, 16S rRNA-based sequencing is by far the most widely used PCR methodology that is able to detect such uncultivable pathogens. However, this assay actually has some limitations linked to potential problems of contamination, which hampers diagnosis. To circumvent this, we have devised a simple PCR strategy involving targeting of the gene encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB), a highly conserved enzyme. The complete sequence of the Leptospira biflexa (serovar patoc) rpoB gene was determined and compared with the published sequences for Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum. From the resulting analysis, degenerate nucleotide primers were designed and tested for their ability to amplify a portion of the rpoB gene from various spirochetes. Using two different pairs of these primers, we succeeded in obtaining specific rpoB-amplified fragments for all members of the genera Leptospira, Treponema, and Borrelia tested and no other bacteria. Our findings may have significant implications for the development of a new tool for the identification of spirochetes, especially if clinical samples are contaminated or when the infecting strain is uncultivable.
On First Come, First Served Queues with Two Classes of Impatient\n Customers (2017)

We study systems with two classes of impatient customers who differ across\nthe classes in their distribution of service times and patience times. The\ncustomers are served on a first-come, first served basis (FCFS) regardless of\ntheir class. Such systems are common in customer call centers, which often\nsegment their arrivals into classes of callers whose requests differ in their\ncomplexity and criticality. We first consider an $M$/$G$/1 + $M$ queue and then\nanalyze the $M$/$M$/$k$ + $M$ case. Analyzing these systems using a queue\nlength process proves intractable as it would require us to keep track of the\nclass of each customer at each position in queue. Consequently, we introduce a\nvirtual waiting time process where the service times of customers who will\neventually abandon the system are not considered. We analyze this process to\nobtain performance measures such as the percentage of customers receiving\nservice in each class, the expected waiting times of customers in each class,\nand the average number of customers waiting in queue. We use our\ncharacterization to perform a numerical analysis of the $M$/$M$/$k$ + $M$\nsystem, and find several managerial implications of administering a FCFS system\nwith multiple classes of impatient customers. Finally, we compare the\nperformance a system based on data from a call center with the steady-state\nperformance measures of a comparable $M$/$M$/$k$ + $M$ system. We find that the\nperformance measures of the $M$/$M$/$k$ + $M$ system serve as good\napproximations of the system based on real data.\n
Enzyme–Analogue Built Polymers. IX. Polymers with Mercapto Groups of Definite Cooperativity (1978)

Abstract By copolymerization of bis( p ‐vinylbenzyl)disulfide ( 1 ) with crosslinking monomers and subsequent reduction of the disulfide bond with diborane, polymers with two closely positioned mercapto groups were prepared. Under comparable conditions polymers with randomly distributed mercapto groups were obtained from ( p ‐vinylbenzyl)thioacetate ( 2 ). The degree of cooperativity of the mercapto groups in polymers of ( 1 ) as well as the degree of site separation in polymers of ( 2 ) were determined quantitatively by oxidation with I 2 . The percentage of reoxidation by I 2 to disulfide depends on degree of crosslinking of polymer, the concentration of mercapto groups, the degree of swelling and the reoxidation temperature. From these data valuable information on the arrangement of functional groups as well as on polymer structure was obtained.
Where It’s at Really Matters: In Situ In Vivo Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Spatially Correlates with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance pO2 Images in Tumors of Living Mice (2010)

This validates EPROI hypoxic fractions at the molecular level and provides a new paradigm for the assessment of the relationship, in vivo, between hypoxia and hypoxia response proteins. When translated to human subjects, this will enhance understanding of human tumor pathophysiology and cancer response to therapy.
A direct adaptive neural controller for flow control in computer networks (2002)

This paper presents a direct adaptive neural network control strategy for flow control in computer networks. The system to be controlled is modeled by a neural network and the control signals are directly obtained by minimizing a cost function which represents the difference between a reference and the output of the neural model. This model which can be cast in the framework of a general quality-of-service control problem, allows for the design of network access flow control mechanisms that can account for the nonlinear phenomena existing in computer networks. A number of simulation examples are given to illustrate the capability and flexibility of the flow control scheme. The results show that the flow control scheme is able to regulate the traffic loads to meet the system performance requirements.
Measurement and Imaging of Planar Electromagnetic Phantoms Based on NMR Imaging Methods (2010)

Planar electromagnetic phantom design for measurement and imaging using NMR has been performed. Electromagnetic phantom computation and testing on a NMR 0.178 Tesla Esaote Opera imager were accomplished. The classical geometrical and chemical phantoms are generally used for testing of NMR imaging systems. They are simple cylindrical or rectangular objects with different dimensions and shapes with holes filled with specially prepared water solutions. In our experiments a homogeneous phantom (reference medium) - a container filled with water - was used. The resultant image represents the magnetic field distribution in the homogeneous phantom. An image acquired by this method is actually a projection of the sample properties onto the homogeneous phantom. The goal of the paper is to map and image the magnetic field deformation using NMR imaging methods. We are using a double slender rectangular vessel with constant thickness filled with specially prepared water solution in our experiments. For detection a carefully tailored gradient-echo imaging method, susceptible to magnetic field homogeneity, was used.
The Cycle of Attention to Political Events: Racism and Police Violence in Portugal (2021)

The author describes the Downs model (1972). Then he tests his propositions to explain the phenomenon of racism and police violence in the "Bairro da Jamaica"in the city of Setúbal; while drawing attention to the racist culture of the majority of the Portuguese population, which supports the abuse of force by the police. The event that took place on January 19 is the corollary of several events of the same type and can become a political fact of large and uncontrollable dimensions that threatens the stability of the Portuguese political system.
Distribution of Herbicide Resistances and Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Resistance in Missouri Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudisSauer) Populations (2015)

A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp was conducted just prior to harvest in 2012 to determine the scope and extent of herbicide resistance and multiple herbicide resistances among a sample of Missouri waterhemp populations. Resistance was confirmed to glyphosate and to acetolactate synthase (ALS), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), photosystem II (PSII), and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, but not to 2,4-D. Of the 187 populations tested, 186 exhibited resistance to chlorimuron. The proportions of populations with atrazine or glyphosate resistance were similar, with 30 and 29% of the populations surviving the 3× rates. Lactofen resistance was observed in 5% of the populations, whereas mesotrione resistance was only found in 1.6% of the populations. All populations tested were susceptible to 2,4-D at the 3× rate. At least 52% of the waterhemp populations tested exhibited resistance to herbicides from two mechanism of action. Resistance to atrazine plus chlorimuron as well as glyphosate plus chlorimuron was present in 29% of the populations. Three-way resistance, primarily comprised of resistance to atrazine plus chlorimuron plus glyphosate, was present in 11% of the populations. Resistance to herbicides from four mechanisms of action was found in 2% of the populations, and one population exhibited resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. DNA analysis of a subsample of plants revealed that previously documented mechanisms of resistance in waterhemp, including the ΔG210 deletion conferring PPO-inhibitor resistance, the Trp 574 Leu amino acid substitution conferring ALS-inhibitor resistance, and elevated 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase copy number and the Pro106Ser amino acid substitution resulting in glyphosate resistance, explained survival in many, but not all, instances. Atrazine resistance was not explained by the Ser 264 Gly D1 protein substitution. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that Missouri soybean fields contain waterhemp populations with resistance to glyphosate, ALS-, PPO-, PSII-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, which are some of the most common mechanisms of action currently utilized for the control of this species in corn and soybean production systems. Additionally, these results indicate that slightly more than half of the populations tested exhibit resistance to more than one herbicide mechanisms of action. Managing the current resistance levels in existing populations is of utmost importance. The use of multiple, effective herbicide modes of action, both preemergence and postemergence, and the integration of optimum cultural and mechanical control practices will be vital in the management of Missouri waterhemp populations in the future.
A Property of Stick-Slip Friction Models which Promotes Limit Cycle Generation (1990)

The effects of various "Stick-Slip" friction models on Proportional+Integral+Derivative (PID) controller stability for a simple system are investigated. Some of the more common models lack the ability to produce the limit cycles commonly observed for servos subject to stick-slip friction. A property of stick-slip models is identified which promotes limit cycle generation, and the effects are demonstrated through numerical simulations. This property is shown to be required for a stick-slip friction model to be useful in predicting limit cycle behavior in the simplest systems under PID control. Models lacking this property may lead to the inaccurate prediction of system dynamics.
Androgennyy defitsit u muzhchin s sakharnym diabetom 2 tipa i ego korrektsiya preparatami testosterona (2007)

Цель. Оценить применение препаратов тестостерона при андрогенном дефиците у мужчин с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 92 пациента, 46 (1-я группа) из которых получали ?Андрогель? (трансдермальная форма тестостерона) в дозе 5,0 мг. 46 пациентов (2-я группа) получали тестостерон ундеканоат (небидо?) по 1000 мг за инъекцию. Определяли уровень тестостерона, парралельно исследовали уровень глобулина, связывающего половые стероиды (ГСПС). Для исключения гипогонадотропного гипогонадизма определяли уровни ЛГ, ФСГ и эстрадиола в сыворотке крови. Тяжесть ЭД определяли по Международному индексу эректильной функции. Всем пациентам выполнено трансректальное УЗИ предстательной железы. Результаты. Независимо от получаемой терапии у всех пациентов отмечено улучшение сексуальной активности, повышение либидо, снижение общей массы тела и процента жировой ткани. Средний уровень PSA в 1-й группе незначительно возрос. Отмечены позитивные сдвиги в липидном спектре и уровне гликированного гемоглобина. Индекс эректильной функции увеличился и составил в среднем в 1-й группе 20,1?5,3, а во 2-й группе ? 19,8?5,8 балла. Выводы. Для лечения андрогенного дефицита у больных СД 2 типа могут с успехом применяться оба препарата тестостерона. Они позитивно влияют на липидный спектр, массу тела, компенсацию СД, остеопороз, сексуальную функцию и настроение. В обязательное исследование больных СД 2 типа необходимо включить определение уровня тестостерона. Пациенты, получающие терапию гелем тестостерона, должны иметь более серьезную мотивацию.
A Beta Ray Spectrometer Based on a Two-, or Three-Element Silicon Detector Coincidence Telescope (1995)

The operation of a beta ray energy spectrometer based on a two-or three-element silicon detector telescope is described. The front detector (A) is a thin, totally depleted, silicon surface barrier detector either 40µm, 72µm, of 98µm thick. The back detector (C) is a Li compensated silicon detector 5000 µm thick. An additional thin detector can be inserted between these two detectors when additional photon rejection capability is required in intense photon fields. The capability of the spectrometer to reject photons is based on the fact that incident photons will have a small probability of simultaneously losing detectable energy in two detectors and an even smaller probability of losing detectable energy in all three detectors. Electrons, however, above a low energy threshold, will always record simultaneous, measurable, events in all three detectors. The spectrometer is capable of measuring electron energies from a lower energy coincidence threshold of 70 keV with 60% efficiency increasing to 100% efficiency in the energy region between 150 keV and 2.5 MeV.
LOW TEMPERATURE ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF SILICA AEROGELS (1987)

Low frequency elastic modulus and acoustic attenuation of silica aerogel have been measured by the resonant bar method. Measurements were performed on low density samples (d = 0.27 and 0.87 g cm-3) in the 100 mK - 70 K temperature range.
Redesigning the Aspergillus nidulans xylanase regulatory pathway to enhance cellulase production with xylose as the carbon and inducer source (2019)

By replacing expensive substrates with a cheap by-product carbon source, the use of C5-sugar liquors directly derived from LCB pretreatment processes not only reduces enzyme production costs, but also lowers operational costs by eliminating the need for off-site enzyme production, purification, concentration, transport and dilution.
Very efficient frequency usage system using convolutional spread time signals based on complete complementary code (2002)

We have proposed a method for increasing the information transmission rate and the frequency usage rate based on a new method for estimating multipath channels and spread time signals convolution. We used a pilot signal and data-transmission signals in the same frequency and in the same time. For this purpose, we used the complete complementary code on approximately synchronized systems. The information transmission rate came to (1.3/k) chip/bit, where k was the QAM factor. In this paper, a new usage method for a complementary code is proposed. The new method is far simpler than the old method. By applying the proposed usage method for a complete complementary code on the above high rate information transmission method, the high rate information transmission can be realized easier.