gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Long-Term Outcomes of Living Donors of Liver Transplantation Who Developed Psychiatric Disorders (2020)

BACKGROUND In the field of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), it is important to ensure donor's psychological well-being. We report on clinical features and long-term outcomes of LDLT donors who developed psychiatric disorders after their donor operations. Additionally, we compare patient backgrounds, as well as surgical and perioperative aspects between LDLT donors with and without postoperative psychiatric complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between November 1998 and March 2018, we identified 254 LDLT donors at our hospital. Among these, we investigated those who had newly developed psychiatric complications and required psychiatric treatment after donor operation. RESULTS The median duration of follow-up was 4 years. Sixty-five donors were lost to follow-up. Eight donors (3.1%) developed postoperative psychiatric complications, including major depressive disorder in 4, panic disorder in 2, conversion disorder and panic disorder in 1, and adjustment disorder in 1. The median duration from donor surgery to psychiatric diagnosis was 104.5 days (range, 12 to 657 days) and the median treatment duration was 18 months (range, 3 to 168 months). Of those, 3 donors required psychiatric treatment over 10 years, and 4 donors remained under treatment. The duration of hospital stay after donor operation was significantly longer and perioperative complications with Clavien classification greater than grade IIIa were more frequent in donors with psychiatric complications than in those without psychiatric complications (P=0.02 and P=0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for psychiatric disorders by psychiatrists and psychologists are important during LDLT donor follow-up. Minimization of physiological complications might be important to prevent postoperative psychiatric complications in LDLT donors.
Lysosomal elastase and cathepsin G in beige mice. Neutrophils of beige (Chediak-Higashi) mice selectively lack lysosomal elastase and cathepsin G. (1986)

A profound decrease in activities of the two lysosomal serine proteinases, elastase, and cathepsin G, was found in neutrophils of four independent beige mutants. Elastase and cathepsin G activities were assayed with the specific synthetic substrates MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-MCA and Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, respectively. The defect is intrinsic to cells of beige mice, since transplantation of bone marrow from normal to mutant mice restored normal proteinase activity, and normal mice transplanted with beige marrow produced neutrophils with a deficiency of proteinase activity. The loss of elastase and cathepsin G activity was confirmed by separation of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate-labeled proteins on denaturing gels, which also revealed that other serine proteinases are at normal levels in beige neutrophil extracts. The deficiency of lysosomal proteinase activity appears specific, in that four other common neutrophil lysosomal enzymes, plus the spectrum of major neutrophil proteins are not affected by the beige mutation. The deficiency of proteinase activity is likely not the primary genetic alteration of the beige mutation, since more than one proteinase is affected, and heterozygous F1 mice have normal rather than intermediate levels of both proteinases. The lowered proteinase activity may contribute to the high susceptibility of beige mice and Chediak-Higashi patients to infection.
The interstitial fluid pressure monitor: a device to aid in the determination of patient fluid requirements. (1990)

Assessment of patient fluid requirements is often difficult. Previous basic as well as clinical studies have suggested that interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) correlates with interstitial fluid volume and can be measured with a catheter placed in the subcutaneous space. We constructed a simple device to monitor IFP. The mean IFP for 7 healthy volunteers was -1.19 mmHg. IFP was measured in 25 patients at presentation and as clinical status evolved. Patients were classified as hypervolemic, normovolemic, or hypovolemic on the basis of their clinical status, the evolution of their condition, and laboratory and radiographic data. IFP correlation with assigned classification was statistically significant. The results suggest IFP can be measured readily and reliably in humans and is sensitive for reflecting the hydration of the interstitial compartment. This measure can assist in the determination of patient fluid requirements.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3‐mediated alterations in microtubule proteins isolated from chick intestinal epithelium: Analyses by isoelectric focusing (1991)

Recent work has indicated that vectorial Ca2+ transport across the intestinal epithelium occurs in vesicles and may involve the participation of microtubules [Nemere et al., 1986]. Since 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) stimulates this Ca2+ transport process, microtubule (MT) isotypes were studied as a potential regulatory point. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 status on tubulin isotypes was analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels of taxol stabilized MTs prepared from intestinal epithelium of vitamin D-deficient chicks dosed with vehicle (-D) or 1.3 nmoles of 1,25(OH)2D3 (+D) 2.5, 5, 10, 15, or 43 h prior to sacrifice. Four bands, one of which was identified as alpha-tubulin on the basis of Western analysis, increased in Coomassie Blue staining intensity 5-15 h after 1,25(OH)2D3, corresponding to the time course of augmented vesicular Ca2+ transport. Dose-response studies revealed similar changes in tubulin isotype profiles in IEF gels, again corresponding to doses known to elicit enhanced Ca2+ absorption (52-6,500 pmoles of hormone). The role of Ca2+ transport was also examined. Isoelectrically focused intestinal epithelial tubulin from -D chicks allowed to transport Ca2+ for 30 min revealed increased staining of bands relative to nonabsorbing -D controls. By comparison, Ca2+ transport in +D chicks resulted in fainter bands relative to nonabsorbing, +D controls. MTs prepared from fasted or fed chicks revealed similar changes upon IEF, but of much smaller magnitude. Enhanced phosphorylation did not account for the appearance of the more acidic bands, although 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment resulted in decreased 32P content of a presumptive non-tubulin component, relative to preparations from -D controls. Glucocorticoids, which are known to suppress 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated Ca2+ transport, led to severely diminished levels of total tubulin, as judged by SDS-PAGE, rather than altered tubulin isotypes. Thus, MTs of intestine are subject to regulation by hormonal status, as well as by the amount of Ca2+ available for transepithelial transport.
0.6Tbit/s Capacity and 2bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency at 42.6Gsymbol/s Using a Single DFB Laser with NRZ Coherent WDM and Polarisation Multiplexing (2007)

The capacity of a single-source coherent WDM (CoWDM) system is doubled from 298.2 Gbit/s to 596.5 Gbit/s by introducing polarisation multiplexing (PolMUX). This is achieved by generating a band of seven non-return-to-zero (NRZ) encoded channels at 42.6 Gsymbol/s. BER characterisations for single channel, 1 bit/s/Hz CoWDM channels and 2 bit/s/Hz CoWDM+PolMUX are performed. This work obtained high information spectral density of 2 b/s/Hz, allowing ISD's in excess of 1.8 b/s/Hz in a banded multi-Terabit/s system.
Targeting protein-protein interactions using methods of cheminformatics (2012)

We have recently mapped the protein interaction networks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that revealed its scale-free organization with characteristic presence of highly-connected hub proteins that are critical for bacterial survival [1]. Here we report the discovery of highly selective nanomolar inhibitors for one such hub target - staphylococcal pyruvate kinase. The lead compound has been identified through synergetic combination of methods of high-throughput screening and cheminformatics; its further synthetic modifications resulted in much improved antimicrobial properties. Further lead optimization yielded drug candidates with picomolar activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Considering a notable lack of recent reports on novel antibacterial targets and cognate antibacterial compounds, this study provides a valuable perspective on the development of a new generation of antimicrobials. Equally noteworthy, the results of the current work highlight the importance of cheminformatics-driven exploration of chemical space around initial high throughput screening hits.
Functionalized block copolymers for preparation of reactive self‐assembled surface patterns (2011)

Abstract Two phase separating block copolymers equipped with functional groups (acid and alkyne) were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Thin films of these materials were prepared and examined with regard to surface morphology, surface composition, and film stability. Self‐assembled structures with domain sizes of about 40 nm were detected through atomik force microscopy (AFM) analysis while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed a balanced surface exposure of the two segregated phases. Thus, reactive groups being present in both phases are specifically provided within nanoscopic surface areas. The films showed good stability on exposure to various solvents but the self‐organized surface patterns were only resistant toward ethanol. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Genetic Architecture of NaCl Tolerance in Arabidopsis (2002)

The little success of breeding approaches toward the improvement of salt tolerance in crop species is thought to be attributable to the quantitative nature of most, if not all the processes implicated. Hence, the identification of some of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to natural variation in salt tolerance should be instrumental in eventually manipulating the perception of salinity and the corresponding responses. A good choice to reach this goal is the plant model system Arabidopsis, whose complete genome sequence is now available. Aiming to analyze natural variability in salt tolerance, we have compared the ability of 102 wild-type races (named ecotypes or accessions) of Arabidopsis to germinate on 250 mM NaCl, finding a wide range of variation among them. Accessions displaying extremely different responses to NaCl were intercrossed, and the phenotypes found in their F(2) progenies suggested that natural variation in NaCl tolerance during germination was under polygenic controls. Genetic distances calculated on the basis of variations in repeat number at 22 microsatellites, were analyzed in a group of either extremely salt-tolerant or extremely salt-sensitive accessions. We found that most but not all accessions with similar responses to NaCl are phylogenetically related. NaCl tolerance was also studied in 100 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the Columbia-4 and Landsberg erecta accessions. We detected 11 QTL harboring naturally occurring alleles that contribute to natural variation in NaCl tolerance in Arabidopsis, six at the germination and five at the vegetative growth stages, respectively. At least five of these QTL are likely to represent loci not yet described by their relationship with salt stress.
Understanding the Impact of Boron Diffusion on n-Type Silicon Bifacial Solar Cells (2015)

In this work, we fabricated an n-type bifacial solar and spectral characterization have been investigated for this cell and a loss has been observed on the short wavelength. This paper mainly demonstrates increase cell efficiency by optimizing the p+ emitter with a thermal grown SiO2 as well as PECVD SiNx passivation layer. P+ emitter was formed by BBr3 diffusion. Emitter sheet resistance have been optimized by modifying the BBr3 diffusion temperature. Sheet resistance ranges from 49Ω/Sq to 173Ω/Sq, diffusion depth ranges from 0.4 um to 0.8 um. By optimizing the front side emitter an improvement has been observed for short wavelength and increases the front side efficiency by 0.4%.
Projective simulation for artificial intelligence (2011)

We propose a model of a learning agent whose interaction with the environment is governed by a simulation-based projection, which allows the agent to project itself into future situations before it takes real action. Projective simulation is based on a random walk through a network of clips, which are elementary patches of episodic memory. The network of clips changes dynamically, both due to new perceptual input and due to certain compositional principles of the simulation process. During simulation, the clips are screened for specific features which trigger factual action of the agent. The scheme is different from other, computational, notions of simulation, and it provides a new element in an embodied cognitive science approach to intelligent action and learning. Our model provides a natural route for generalization to quantum-mechanical operation and connects the fields of reinforcement learning and quantum computation.
Heme oxygenase: Expression in human retina and modulation by stress agents in a human retinoblastoma cell model system (1992)

PCR and Southern blot analyses demonstrate that mRNA for heme oxygenase (HO), a well known "stress protein" in a number of tissues, is present in human retina. Western and northern blots show that the protein and mRNA are also expressed in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells in culture and that the HO enzyme is rapidly induced by its substrate, heme. Moreover, HO is also induced by two chemicals, sodium arsenite and menadione, that act as agents of oxidative stress. HO is the regulatory enzyme in the heme degradative pathway and an increase in its activity could lead to the accumulation of bilirubin, an antioxidant, in the cell at the expense of heme, a prooxidant. The HO pathway may thus be of importance in protecting the retina against oxidative stress in vivo. Moreover, the Y-79 culture system should provide an excellent model for use in examining stress mechanisms in retinal cells at a molecular level.
Cycloaddition of oxetanes with heterocumulenes catalyzed by organotin iodide‐lewis base complex (1987)

Abstract A series of 2‐oxazinones 1‐8 were synthesized from the cycloaddition reactions of oxetanes with isocya‐nates by utilizing the complex of diphenyltin diiodide with hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) as a catalyst. Moreover, the reactions with carbodiimides proceeded under milder conditions with the same catalyst system, and gave 2‐iminooxazines, 9 and 10 , in high yields.
Accuracy of a Custom Physical Activity and Knee Angle Measurement Sensor System for Patients with Neuromuscular Disorders and Gait Abnormalities (2015)

Long-term assessment of ambulatory behavior and joint motion are valuable tools for the evaluation of therapy effectiveness in patients with neuromuscular disorders and gait abnormalities. Even though there are several tools available to quantify ambulatory behavior in a home environment, reliable measurement of joint motion is still limited to laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel inertial sensor system for ambulatory behavior and joint motion measurement in the everyday environment. An algorithm for behavior classification, step detection, and knee angle calculation was developed. The validation protocol consisted of simulated daily activities in a laboratory environment. The tests were performed with ten healthy subjects and eleven patients with multiple sclerosis. Activity classification showed comparable performance to commercially available activPAL sensors. Step detection with our sensor system was more accurate. The calculated flexion-extension angle of the knee joint showed a root mean square error of less than 5° compared with results obtained using an electro-mechanical goniometer. This new system combines ambulatory behavior assessment and knee angle measurement for long-term measurement periods in a home environment. The wearable sensor system demonstrated high validity for behavior classification and knee joint angle measurement in a laboratory setting.
Design of a custom vector operation API exploiting SIMD intrinsics within Java (2010)

The use of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) operations can be instrumental in meeting the needs of high performance computations. Most languages, including C/C++, give a user the power to directly exploit this hardware and inherent parallelism. We have created a retargetable native SIMD library which Java programmers are now able to use to directly access SIMD intrinsics including MMX, SSE1, SSE2 and SSE3 through prescribed Java methods in an API. This API gives users direct control over their high-performance computations instead of solely relying on the SIMD optimizations of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), or relying on a GPU which must send and receive the data from the CPU. Through the use of this Java API and the included backing library, substantial performance gains can be achieved on large and complex vector operations. We show an example for which the API obtains a 2x to 3x speedup for both small and large data sets as compared to solely relying on the SIMD optimizations in the JVM.
Advanced tokamak physics-status and prospects (1994)

Experimental and theoretical results from around the world point to the possibility of high confinement, high- beta , and high-bootstrap-fraction steady-state tokamak operating modes. These modes of operation, if fully developed and extended to steady-state, could lead to much less expensive tokamak demonstration power reactors and to a significantly reduced cost-of-electricity from fusion, as compared to projections based on low- beta N, pulsed operating modes. Present results have clear implications in the areas of particle control, plasma shaping, and current-profile control. Thus they have strongly influenced the design of the steady-state advanced tokamak TPX, which has the mission to combine the best results from present experiments and extend them to steady-state. These results also have important implications for follow-up tests in ITER, which have the goal of studying advanced-tokamak operation in an ignited plasma, as well as for the eventual configuration of an advanced-tokamak fusion reactor.
Experimental characterization of three-dimensional corner flows at low Reynolds numbers (2012)

Abstract We investigate experimentally the characteristics of the flow field that develops at low Reynolds numbers ( $\mathit{Re}\ll 1$ ) around a sharp $9{0}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ corner bounded by channel walls. Two-dimensional planar velocity fields are obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) conducted in a towing tank filled with a silicone oil of high viscosity. We find that, in the vicinity of the corner, the steady-state flow patterns bear the signature of a three-dimensional secondary flow, characterized by counter-rotating pairs of streamwise vortical structures and identified by the presence of non-vanishing transverse velocities ( ${u}_{z} $ ). These results are compared to numerical solutions of the incompressible flow as well as to predictions obtained, for a similar geometry, from an asymptotic expansion solution (Guglielmini et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 668, 2011, pp. 33–57). Furthermore, we discuss the influence of both Reynolds number and aspect ratio of the channel cross-section on the resulting secondary flows. This work represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental characterization of the three-dimensional flow features arising in a pressure-driven flow near a corner at low Reynolds number.
Neural Stem Cells to Cerebral Cortex: Emerging Mechanisms Regulating Progenitor Behavior and Productivity (2016)

This review accompanies a 2016 SFN mini-symposium presenting examples of current studies that address a central question: How do neural stem cells (NSCs) divide in different ways to produce heterogeneous daughter types at the right time and in proper numbers to build a cerebral cortex with the appropriate size and structure? We will focus on four aspects of corticogenesis: cytokinesis events that follow apical mitoses of NSCs; coordinating abscission with delamination from the apical membrane; timing of neurogenesis and its indirect regulation through emergence of intermediate progenitors; and capacity of single NSCs to generate the correct number and laminar fate of cortical neurons. Defects in these mechanisms can cause microcephaly and other brain malformations, and understanding them is critical to designing diagnostic tools and preventive and corrective therapies.
Allergen Immunotherapy in Children User’s Guide (2020)

Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical efficiency relies on a well-defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and downplaying the immune response induced by allergens. Clinical indications have been well documented for respiratory allergy in the presence of rhinitis and/or allergic asthma, to pollens and dust mites. Patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also good candidates for allergen immunotherapy. Administration of allergen is currently mostly either by subcutaneous injections or by sublingual administration. Both methods have been extensively studied and have pros and cons. Specifically in children, the choice of the method of administration according to the patient's profile is important. Although allergen immunotherapy is widely used, there is a need for improvement. More particularly, biomarkers for prediction of the success of the treatments are needed. The strength and efficiency of the immune response may also be boosted by the use of better adjuvants. Finally, novel formulations might be more efficient and might improve the patient's adherence to the treatment. This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy.
Colloidal and Physicochemical Characterization of Highly Magnetic O/W Magnetic Emulsions (2003)

Abstract A study of magnetic emulsion droplets is reported using various analytical and physico‐chemical techniques. The chemical composition of the droplets (i.e., the amount of iron oxide, organic phase, and surfactant) is determined using the combination of thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, and gas chromatography. The electrokinetic properties of the magnetic emulsion are investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength in order to estimate the surface potential (ψ0) and the shear‐plane position. The droplet surface potential and charge density are deduced from electrophoretic mobility measurements. The surface potential value obtained is in good agreement with one deduced from independent force measurements performed between emulsion droplets. The emulsion stability as a function of the continuous phase ionic strength is evaluated through the experimental determination of the critical coagulation concentration (CCC). A value for the Hamaker constant (A) that quantifies the van der Waals attraction between two emulsion droplets is deduced. In addition, the colloidal force between magnetic droplets is investigated as a function of pH and salt concentration and the surface potentials obtained are compared to the measured zeta potential and deduced diffuse potentials. The results from such an analysis are consistent with those reported in the literature.