gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient multi-relay transmission scheme using LDGM code for satellite burst erasure channel (2011)

Since the first success of satellite laser communication experiments, their developments and researches have been much studied as a new satellite communication technology. From those experimental results, it is known that an instantaneous degradation of received optical power and link disconnection occur due to air turbulence or tracking error in the satelliteto-ground laser transmission. Therefore, forward error correction (FEC) is needed to achieve a high-quality transmission and the application of low-density parity check (LDPC) code for the satellite laser communication has been proposed. However, further application of land mobile communication techniques for achieving higher capacity is not fully discussed. One of the candidates of this application for more efficient satellite laser communication is a multi-hop transmission, which can be applied for geostationary satellite (GEO)-to-ground or deep space-to-ground links. Therefore, we propose a multi-relay cooperative LDPC transmission scheme for satellite laser communications to obtain an improved transmission quality with lower decoding complexity. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by computer simulations.
Die Gütekriterien des SVF78 von Janke und Erdmann, einer Kurzform des SVF120 (2001)

Zusammenfassung: Bei einer Stichprobe von 246 Personen, deren Anwerbung stratifiziert nach Geschlecht und Alter erfolgte, wurde der SVF78, eine Kurzvariante des SVF120 von Janke und Erdmann (1997) , hinsichtlich seiner Reliabilität und internen Validität überprüft. Die inneren Konsistenzen nach Cronbach und die Halbierungsreliabilitäten sind ebenso wie die von Janke und Erdmann (2002) in der Handanweisung zum SVF120 angegebenen gut bis sehr gut. Faktorenanalysen ergaben eine Faktorenstruktur, die der vergleichbar ist, die aus den Daten der Standardisierungstichprobe bei Verwendung des SVF120 errechnet wurde. Ebenso bildeten sich Geschlechts- und Altersunterschiede entsprechend denen der Standardversion ab. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass der SVF78 als zuverlässige Kurzvariante des SVF120 angesehen werden kann, die bei Außerachtlassung von 7 Stressverarbeitungsweisen die wesentlichen Stressverarbeitungsweisen des SVF120 erfasst.
Analysis of Protein Turnover by Quantitative SNAP‐Based Pulse‐Chase Imaging (2012)

Assessment of protein dynamics in living cells is crucial for understanding their biological properties and functions. The SNAP-tag, a self labeling suicide enzyme, presents a tool with unique features that can be adopted for determining protein dynamics in living cells. Here we present detailed protocols for the use of SNAP in fluorescent pulse-chase and quench-chase-pulse experiments. These time-slicing methods provide powerful tools to assay and quantify the fate and turnover rate of proteins of different ages. We cover advantages and pitfalls of SNAP-tagging in fixed- and live-cell studies and evaluate the recently developed fast-acting SNAPf variant. In addition, to facilitate the analysis of protein turnover datasets, we present an automated algorithm for spot recognition and quantification.
The cellular protein p53 in human tumours. (1984)

Tumour tissue from patients with colorectal and mammary tumours has been assayed for the cellular protein p53 using a specific radioimmune assay. The levels of p53 in normal tissues are not detectable with this assay but a substantial number of the tumours showed detectable p53, i.e. the amounts of this protein were significantly increased, to levels which varied from 0.3% to 10% of that found in simian virus 80 (SV80), an SV40 transformed human fibroblast cell line. Sera from the same patients were also assayed for the presence of anti-p53 antibodies and found to be positive in about 12% of the patients. The presence of increased amounts of p53 is not peculiar to malignant tumours since 4 out of 19 fibroadenomas (benign breast tumours) showed detectable amounts of p53 protein. The DNA from tumours was examined by Southern blotting using a variety of restriction enzymes. The arrangement of the p53 gene was not detectably altered in comparison with that in normal human foetal liver DNA. No alteration was observed which could be correlated with the increased levels of p53 in the positive tumours.
Influence of far infrared radiation on the current of double barrier resonant tunneling devices (1991)

We have studied the influence of Far Infra-Red (FIR) radiation on the current of Double Barrier Resonant Tunneling Devices (DBRTD), consisting of consecutive layers of GaAs/AlGaAs. The current-voltage- (I(V)-) characteristic of these devices is strongly nonlinear and shows for device 1 (5nm well) two regions of negative differential resistance (NDR) and more than twenty for device 2 and 3 (60nm, 120nm well), since for these latter devices the energy levels are closer spaced due to the wider quantum wells [1].
Wheeze in infancy: protection associated with yeasts in house dust contrasts with increased risk associated with yeasts in indoor air and other fungal taxa (2013)

While wheeze rates were higher with exposures to fungal taxa considered to be irritant or allergenic in sensitive subjects, yeasts in the home had a strong protective association with wheeze in infancy. Molecular microbiologic studies may elucidate specific components of innate microbiologic stimulants that lead to contrasting effects on wheeze development.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 5,8-Dihydroxythioflavanone Derivatives (1999)

The synthesis of substituted chalcones, thioflavanones, and thioflavones hydroxylated in both A and B rings is described. Acetoquinone (1) was transformed into 2,5-dihydroxy-6-(p-methoxybenzylmercapto)acetophenone (2) and subsequently into its 2,5-dimethoxy (3) and 2,5-dibenzyloxy (4) derivatives. Compounds 3 and 4 were condensed with suitable benzaldehydes to give chalcones 5−10. The thiol group of the chalcones was deprotected by a cleavage of the p-methoxybenzyl protecting group using a new, mild method (silver nitrate in boiling ethanol, 2 h), and the products were cyclized to thioflavanones (15−20). Dehydrogenation of the thioflavanones gave related thioflavones (25−27). Deprotection of methoxy and benzyloxy groups is also described.
Local democratic innovations in Africa (2019)

This chapter aims at analysing some trends related to initiatives promoting the participation of citizens in public life and governance in some African local contexts. These trends have been multiplying in several countries, in parallel to the progression of deconcentration and decentralisation efforts in the reshaping of the state. In the first part, the chapter focusses on some recurrent difficulties in the field of democratic innovations in the African continent. The second part, proposes a brief mapping of the use of democratic innovations across the continent, as an excuse to discuss some common trends and challenges related to the growth of a diverse range of hybrid and/or incomplete participatory processes. Finally, the authors try to provide some synthetic reflections on the difficulties of assessing the impact of these democratic innovations, and to draw some lessons from the previously mentioned families of participatory processes, looking for features that might inspire future paths.
Nonhypervascular Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Differential Diagnosis from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas at MR Imaging—Retrospective Cross-sectional Study (2017)

Purpose To determine useful magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features to differentiate nonhypervascular pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the informed consent requirement. Seventy-four patients with surgically confirmed PNETs and 82 patients with PDACs who underwent gadobutrol-enhanced MR imaging were included. Two radiologists independently evaluated the morphologic characteristics and temporal enhancement patterns of each tumor. Quantitative analysis, including measurement of tumor size, maximal upstream parenchymal thickness (MUPT), contrast-to-noise ratio, and apparent diffusion coefficient values, was performed. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify relevant features to differentiate between PNETs and PDACs. Results On the basis of arterial enhancement, 38 PNETs (51%, 38 of 74) were hypervascular and 36 PNETs (49%, 36 of 74) were nonhypervascular. At MR imaging, nonhypervascular PNETs showed significantly higher frequencies of a well-defined margin, portal hyper- or isoenhancement, and MUPT of 10 mm or greater but lower frequencies of ductal dilatation, vascular invasion, and peripancreatic infiltration when compared with PDACs (P < .05 for all). At multivariate analysis, a well-defined margin and portal hyper- or isoenhancement were independent significant differentiators of PNETs from PDACs (odds ratio, 20.3 and 16.1, respectively). When applying the criteria of a well-defined margin and portal hyper- or isoenhancement, 64% of sensitivity and 99% of specificity were observed for the differential diagnosis of PNETs from PDACs. Conclusion A well-defined margin and hyper- or isoenhancement in the portal venous phase are useful MR imaging features that are more common in nonhypervascular PNETs and may help discriminate nonhypervascular PNETs from PDACs. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
On the Effect of Side Clearance in the Vaned Diffuser of a Centrifugal Compressor (2023)

Abstract Environmental and regulatory pressures have prompted original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to explore highly boosted internal combustion (IC) engines as a means to minimize toxic air pollutants and meet strict legislative targets. The exhaust gas turbocharger is a key technology used to achieve the boost pressures necessary for advanced engines of the future. Centrifugal compressors with vaneless diffusers have been widely implemented in turbochargers for IC engines, particularly passenger vehicles, primarily due to their compact size and ability to deliver high-pressure ratios over a wide range of flowrates. Methods to improve compressor efficiency near surge without reducing the surge margin have received considerable interest in the past. In many situations, changes to the impeller blade design and/or diffuser are limited by the need to meet the strict engine-rated power target. Such competing demands have encouraged designers to develop variable geometry compressors with the aim of improving near surge performance without sacrificing rated power performance. The on/off-type vaned diffuser is a variable geometry compressor capable of delivering a pressure ratio benefit near surge by utilizing a vaned diffuser rather than a vaneless diffuser. The vanes are retracted prior to the diffuser choking to form a vaneless diffuser in order to reach the engine-rated power condition. Diffuser vane-shaped clearances in the hub or the shroud end wall, termed side clearances, enable axial sliding variability of the vanes into and out of the diffuser passage. Unfortunately, the clearances manifest themselves as a discontinuity in the flow field which gives rise to an efficiency penalty. It is not yet clear how the side clearance geometry and position affect the compressor performance i.e., efficiency and stability. Hence, a numerical and experimental investigation was carried out to determine the impact of side clearance geometry and end wall position on compressor performance. It was found that a side clearance positioned at the shroud end wall reduced the surge margin of the investigated compressor for both types of clearance geometry considered. In contrast to this, a clearance positioned at the hub end wall improved the compressor surge margin but had the lowest efficiency benefit near surge. An experimentally validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was used to inspect the flow field and to elucidate the reasons behind the changes in compressor performance.
Genes encoding Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase: the pyrB-pyrI operon. (1982)

In both Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium there is approximately balanced synthesis of the six catalytic and six regulatory polypeptide chains of the regulatory enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase (carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2). This control is achieved by the contiguous pyrB and pyrI genes, which encode the catalytic and regulatory chains, respectively. Evidence for this single transcriptional unit was obtained by a study of various deletion mutations and from the DNA sequence of the intercistronic region between pyrB and pyrI. One pyrB deletion, pyrB748, produced a normal level of regulatory chains even though it removed a substantial portion of the pyrB gene. Another deletion, pyrB740, shares a similar terminus at one end within pyrB, but the promoter region is removed. In this deletion mutation, there is no production of the regulatory polypeptide, indicating that a single region adjacent to pyrB controls transcription of pyrI as well. Molecular cloning and subsequent DNA analysis demonstrated that the pyrB and pyrI genes are contiguous with pyrI as the distal gene in the operon. The cistrons are separated by a 15-nucleotide untranslated region containing a sequence capable of interacting with the 16S ribosomal RNA and allowing translation of the pyrI cistron.
An image-based skeletal tissue model for the ICRP reference newborn (2009)

Hybrid phantoms represent a third generation of computational models of human anatomy needed for dose assessment in both external and internal radiation exposures. Recently, we presented the first whole-body hybrid phantom of the ICRP reference newborn with a skeleton constructed from both non-uniform rational B-spline and polygon-mesh surfaces (Lee et al 2007 Phys. Med. Biol. 52 3309-33). The skeleton in that model included regions of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue, with the remainder given as a homogenous mixture of cortical and trabecular bone, active marrow and miscellaneous skeletal tissues. In the present study, we present a comprehensive skeletal tissue model of the ICRP reference newborn to permit a heterogeneous representation of the skeleton in that hybrid phantom set-both male and female-that explicitly includes a delineation of cortical bone so that marrow shielding effects are correctly modeled for low-energy photons incident upon the newborn skeleton. Data sources for the tissue model were threefold. First, skeletal site-dependent volumes of homogeneous bone were obtained from whole-cadaver CT image analyses. Second, selected newborn bone specimens were acquired at autopsy and subjected to micro-CT image analysis to derive model parameters of the marrow cavity and bone trabecular 3D microarchitecture. Third, data given in ICRP Publications 70 and 89 were selected to match reference values on total skeletal tissue mass. Active marrow distributions were found to be in reasonable agreement with those given previously by the ICRP. However, significant differences were seen in total skeletal and site-specific masses of trabecular and cortical bone between the current and ICRP newborn skeletal tissue models. The latter utilizes an age-independent ratio of 80%/20% cortical and trabecular bone for the reference newborn. In the current study, a ratio closer to 40%/60% is used based upon newborn CT and micro-CT skeletal image analyses. These changes in mineral bone composition may have significant dosimetric implications when considering localized marrow dosimetry for radionuclides that target mineral bone in the newborn child.
Architecting an open system for querying large C and C++ code bases. (2008)

Static code analysis offers a number of tools for the assessment of complexity, maintainability, modularity and safety of industry-size source code bases. Typically, such scenarios include three main phases. First, the code is parsed and ’raw ’ data is extracted and saved, such as syntax trees, possibly annotated with semantic (type) information. In the second phase, the raw data is queried to check the presence or absence of specific code patterns which supports or invalidates specific claims on the code. In the third and last phase, the query results are presented (visualized) such that correlations between code structure and query results are emphasized in an easily understandable way. Whereas parsing source code is largely standardized, using several existing parsers, querying the outputs of such parsers is still a complex task. The main problem resides in the difficulty of easily translating high-level, cross-cutting concerns in the problem domain into queries in the raw data domain. We present here an open framework for constructing and executing queries on industry-size C++ code bases. Our query system adds several so-called query primitives atop a flexible C++ parser, offers options to combine these primitives into arbitrarily complex expressions, has a highly efficient way to evaluate such expressions on syntax trees of millions of nodes, and presents the query results in a visual, compact, intuitive way. We demonstrate our query framework, integratd in the SOLIDFX C++ reverse-engineering environment, with several real-world analyses on industrial codebases. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Antibacterial Isocoumarins: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3‐Alkylisocoumarins and (dl)‐3‐Alkyl‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarins. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analytical time-harmonic approach to calculate rotor eddy-current losses due to stator harmonics (2012)

This paper describes an analytical approach to determine the losses in the rotors of synchronous machines due to stator space and time harmonics. Based on the formulation of electro-magnetic waves in the cylindrical coordinate system, different geometrical layouts and winding arrangements have been investigated. The analytically calculated results of eddy-current losses in different parts of the rotor, such as damper wedges, massive iron parts, screens and permanent magnets, are compared with numerical calculations, showing good coincidence. Analytical approaches help to understand the physics and allow optimal solutions to be found in a fast but still accurate way.
Identification of a de novo glycine substitution in the type VII collagen gene in a proband with mild dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (1999)

The dystrophic forms of epidermolysis bullosa result from different types and combinations of mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1). We describe a novel glycine substitution arising as a de novo mutation in a proband with a clinically mild form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and no family history of any blistering disease. This report underscores the predominance of glycine substitutions in the dominantly inherited forms of dystrophic form epidermolysis bullosa, and heightens our awareness of unusual modes of inheritance. This information is critical for accurate genetic counseling and determination of recurrence risk in families with dystrophic EB.
Reliability Improvement and Validation Framework (2012)

Software-reliant systems such as rotorcraft and other aircraft have experienced exponential growth in software size and complexity. The current software engineering practice of "build then test" has made them unaffordable to build and qualify. This report discusses the challenges of qualifying such systems, presenting the findings of several government and industry studies. It identifies several root cause areas and proposes a framework for reliability validation and improvement that integrates several recommended technology solutions: validation of formalized requirements; an architecture-centric, model-based engineering approach that uncovers system-level problems early through analysis; use of static analysis for validating system behavior and other system properties; and managed confidence in qualification through system assurance. This framework also provides the basis for a set of metrics for cost-effective reliability improvement that overcome the challenges of existing software complexity, reliability, and cost metrics.
Chronic hepatitis C infection–induced liver fibrogenesis is associated with M2 macrophage activation (2016)

The immuno-pathogenic mechanisms of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain to be elucidated and pose a major hurdle in treating or preventing chronic HCV-induced advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis. Macrophages are a major component of the inflammatory milieu in chronic HCV-induced liver disease, and are generally derived from circulating inflammatory monocytes; however very little is known about their role in liver diseases. To investigate the activation and role of macrophages in chronic HCV-induced liver fibrosis, we utilized a recently developed humanized mouse model with autologous human immune and liver cells, human liver and blood samples and cell culture models of monocyte/macrophage and/or hepatic stellate cell activation. We showed that M2 macrophage activation was associated with liver fibrosis during chronic HCV infection in the livers of both humanized mice and patients, and direct-acting antiviral therapy attenuated M2 macrophage activation and associated liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that supernatant from HCV-infected liver cells activated human monocytes/macrophages with M2-like phenotypes. Importantly, HCV-activated monocytes/macrophages promoted hepatic stellate cell activation. These results suggest a critical role for M2 macrophage induction in chronic HCV-associated immune dysregulation and liver fibrosis.
Markets are dead, long live markets (2005)

Researchers have long proposed using economic approaches to resource allocation in computer systems. However, few of these proposals became operational, let alone commercial. Questions persist about the economic approach regarding its assumptions, value, applicability, and relevance to system design. The goal of this paper is to answer these questions. We find that market-based resource allocation is useful, and more importantly, that mechanism design and system design should be integrated to produce systems that are both economically and computationally efficient.
Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering studies of polycrystalline BiFeO3 bulk ceramics (2008)

Abstract This work reports the temperature‐dependent Raman scattering study of mutiferroic BiFeO 3 (BFO) bulk ceramics in a wide temperature range of 93–843 K. The polycrystalline samples are sintered at four different temperatures and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy. The microstructure shows remarkable changes in terms of grain size and domain pattern as the sintering temperature increases. The DSC curves show prominent exothermic peaks at 645 K, the antiferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition temperature. The Raman spectra of all the four specimens reveal strong anomalies in the vicinity of the Neel temperature, which can be attributed to the multiferroic nature of BFO. The Raman scattering studies also reveal considerable spectral changes at a temperature range of 140–200 K in all the specimens, which can be inferred to a further spin–reorientation transition exhibited in BFO at a cryogenic temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.