gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and significance of c-met protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma. (2002)

The c-met protein, encoded by the c-met oncogene and its ligand, the hepatocellular growth factor/scatter factor, are known to be responsible for the motility and mitogenesis of epithelial cells including cancer cells. Recent studies have reported the prognostic significance of the c-met protein in malignant tumors. Papillary thyroid carcinoma, the most common histological type of thyroid carcinoma, can easily metastasize to regional lymph nodes, reflecting the activated motility and invasiveness of the carcinoma cells. We examined the expression of c-met protein in papillary thyroid carcinomas to assess its significance. Immunohistochemical staining of the c-met protein was performed on archival materials. The c-met protein was expressed in 10 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma with recurrence, and in 5 of 10 cases without recurrence. Normal thyroids were negative for c-met protein. Expression of the c-met protein was statistically associated with recurrence of the thyroid carcinoma (p = 0.016). It is suggested that expression of the c-met protein plays a role in the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Precoded closed-loop MIMO-OFDM system using predefined set of rotation matrices (2005)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems obtain large diversity and capacity gains by employing multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver side. Proposed is a simple precoded closed-loop MIMO-OFDM system that improves the bit error performance. The proposed scheme only needs a feedback of two bits per OFDM tone for the entire duration of a frame.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONATES. XXXIV. ESTERIFICATION AND N‐FORMYLATION OF α‐AMINOMETHANEBIS(PHOSPHONIC ACIDS) WITH TRIETHYL ORTHOFORMATE (1979)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zu einfachen Mono‐ und Bisphosphonsäuren verläuft die Veresterung der Dialkylaminomethan‐bis‐[phosphonsäuren] (IIa) und (IIb) mit dem Titelester zu (Ia) und (Ibv langsam.
Two-Photon Imaging of a Magneto-Optical Trap in a Micro-Fabricated Cell for Cold-Atom Sensors (2019)

We have produced a sample of laser-cooled atoms in a micro-fabricated alkali vapor cell using a grating MOT to direct the beams. We show that by detecting the blue fluorescence resulting from a two-photon cascade transition, we improve the rejection of cooling light scattered from the grating.
Thermochemical Stability of IrO2 Bottom Electrodes in Direct-Liquid-Injection Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Films (2004)

The IrO 2 film has been regarded as a leading candidate bottom electrode of ferroelectric capacitors in ferroelectric random access memories (FRAMs). We have addressed a new issue on the thermochemical stability of IrO 2 bottom electrodes during the growth of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) ferroelectric films on such electrode using direct liquid injection metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (DLI-MOCVD). The IrO 2 electrode thermally dissociated at elevated temperatures in vacuum ambient at a low oxygen pressure. It was also reduced by carbon and hydrogen dissociated from the solvent in liquid solution. The reduction of IrO 2 by the solvent was more pronounced at lower temperatures, which is attributed to the longer residence time of solvent molecules on the IrO 2 surface at lower temperatures. The reduction of IrO 2 was also induced by the metal elements Zr and Ti in metalorganic precursors because they have higher chemical affinities with oxygen than Ir. The reduction by Zr and Ti metal elements was more pronounced at higher temperatures. The use of thin Pt interlayers is a promising solution for the prevention of the reduction of IrO 2 electrode during the growth of PZT films.
Analysis of sparsity based joint SAR image reconstruction and autofocus techniques (2015)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has significance in many remote sensing applications. One of the main problems with SAR is the platform motion that causes defocusing in the reconstructed SAR image. To mitigate this problem, for particularly on imaging of fields that admit a sparse representation, various sparsity based techniques that either apply optimization procedures or greedy iterative solutions have been proposed in the literature. Although these techniques have been mainly compared with classical phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm, they have not been analyzed and compared with each other. In this paper several of the recent sparsity based SAR phase correction techniques are compared using metrics such as mean square error (MSE), entropy, target to background ratio (TBR) in terms of undersampling ratio, signal to noise ratio (SNR). In addition to comparisons, a cross validation based stopping criterion is introduced with an OMP procedure to free the algorithm from user defined parameters. The techniques are tested on simulated data for detailed comparisons. Real data results of tested techniques are also provided. Our initial results show that all compared sparsity based techniques provide better performance compared to PGA with varying relative performances.
Robust MMSE Precoding in MIMO Channels With Pre-Fixed Receivers (2010)

In this paper, we design robust precoders, under the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, for different types of channel state information (CSI) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. We consider low-complexity pre-fixed receivers that may adapt to the channel but are oblivious to the existence of a precoder at the transmitter. In particular, three types of CSI are taken into account: i) perfect CSI, ii) statistical CSI in the form of mean feedback, and iii) deterministic imperfect CSI assuming that the actual channel is within the neighborhood of a nominal channel, which leads to the worst-case robust design that is the focus of this paper. Interestingly, it is found that, under some mild conditions, the optimal transmit directions, i.e., the left singular vectors of the precoder, are equal to the right singular vectors of the channel, the channel mean, and the nominal channel for perfect CSI, statistical CSI, and the worst-case design, respectively. Consequently, the matrix-valued problems can be simplified to scalar power allocation problems that either admit closed-form solutions or can be efficiently solved by the proposed algorithm.
Determination of a suitable thin layer drying curve model for saffron (Crocus sativus L) stigmas in an infrared dryer (2011)

The drying of saffron stigma was investigated in a laboratory infrared dryer. The effect of temperature on the drying rate of samples at various temperatures (60,70…110 °C) was studied. The drying time decreased with an increase in drying air temperature. The constant-rate period is absent from the drying curve. The drying of saffron occurred in the falling rate period. Four, thin-layer drying models, namely, Lewis, Handerson and Pabis, Page, and Midilli and Kucuk, were fitted to drying data. The performance of these models was investigated by comparing the determination of coefficient (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. Among these models, in each of six drying temperatures, the Midilli and Kucuk model gave the best results and showed good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the experiments, including the thin layer drying process. In all drying temperatures, the amounts of R2 were higher than 0.999, and the amounts of RMSE were less than 0.012. According to results, it can be said that the Midilli and Kucuk model adequately described the drying behavior of saffron stigmas at a controlled temperature range 60–110 °C in an infrared dryer.
Trench DRAM structures for the analysis of two- and three-dimensional leakage phenomena (2002)

Two- and three-dimensional leakage phenomena in moderately and heavily doped and gate diode structures are analyzed using a novel set of macro-array trench DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) capacitor storage nodes and planar MOS drain structures. Heavily doped gated diode structures (trench and planar) are used for the analysis of the gate-induced thermal generation mechanism and band-to-band tunneling. The results are relevant for understanding the leakage phenomena in trench DRAM and MOSFET drain structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Solution‐Processed Thin Films of Thiophene Mesogens with Single‐Crystalline Alignment (2006)

Highly ordered thin films of thiophene mesogens are prepared from solution by spin-coating and subsequent thermal treatment. Monodomain film formation is seen to occur over an entire polyimide-coated 150 mm diameter glass wafer, as evidenced by polarized optical microscopy (see figure). Monodomain thin films have been characterized by different X-ray diffraction techniques and are found to exhibit single-crystalline alignment.
Evaluation of subchronic administration of antiseizure drugs in spontaneously seizing rats (2020)

Despite reductions in seizure burden, the lack of full seizure freedom for any ASD tested suggests that this screening paradigm may be useful for testing novel compounds with potential utility in pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Diterpenoids. XXXI. Three new resin acids (1973)

Three new diterpenoid resin acids have been isolated from Agathis robusta, and their structures are shown to be (1), (6), and (11).
Previsualization with computer animation (Previs) (2014)

In recent years there has been growing concern about a gap between HCI research and industrial practitioners. We review methods proposed in HCI for enhancing communication between researchers and designers, and propose previsualization animation, borrowed from the movie industry, as an additional means to support this communication. The potential benefit is investigated through a process of designing and producing an animated film for a design research project at a furniture company and gathering initial user feedback. We argue that a technique that accounts for interaction dynamics and provisionality and that supports brevity and mobility can communicate design research in an inspirational manner to practitioners. However we also identified a remaining difference in the two groups' expectations about the animation, with researchers wanting it to be more research-like and practitioners wanting it to be more production-oriented.
Influence of acoustic memory on ultrasonic attenuation (2003)

Recently a new physical phenomenon of acoustic memory has been described [Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 155506-1/3 (2002)]. In this lecture, we show for the first time the connection between acoustic memory and ultrasonic attenuation. Different results are given showing attenuation as a function of temperature, of ultrasound amplitude, and of frequency. We used [001] LiNbO3 single-crystal samples and longitudinal acoustic waves over the frequency range from 10 to 32 MHz. Strong correlation exists between acoustic memory amplitude and the measured coefficient of ultrasonic attenuation. Acoustic memory causes strong variation in attenuation measurements. In this light, we discuss the known difficulties in practical attenuation measurements in ferroelectrics. We mention an unusual temperature dependence, including a strong hysteresis effect. The frequency and amplitude dependence of attenuation are also discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Aromatic Poly(ether imide)s (2003)

The four AB2 monomers, N-[3- or 4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)toluoyl]-4-chlorophthalimide and N-{3- or 4-[1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)]ethylphenyl}-4-chlorophthalimides, were prepared and used for synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether imide)s bearing hydroxyl end groups. These hyperbranched poly(ether imide)s had moderate molecular weights with broad distributions and showed glass-transition temperatures (Tgs) between 177 and 230 °C. The thermogravimetric analytic measurement revealed the decomposition temperature at 5% weight-loss temperatures (Td5%) ranging from 240 to 281 °C. Analysis using 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed the four types of hyperbranched poly(ether imide)s to have similar degrees of branching (ca. 60%). These polymers were modified by acylation or nucleophilic substitution reaction at the hydroxyl end groups. The conversion effectiveness depended on the type of modification reaction, modifier, and reaction conditions. The thermal stability and solubility of hyperbranched poly(ether imide)s were improved by the modification of the end groups.
Unterschätzte postoperative Risiken durch Muskelrelaxanzien - Nachgehakt bei Prof. Dr. Matthias Eikermann (2013)

Die meisten Anästhesisten verwenden regelmäßig Muskelrelaxanzien. Dass sie postoperativ Komplikationen mit sich bringen können, ist bekannt. Inwiefern diese klinisch relevant werden und ob man sie durch Antagonisierung mildern kann, hat eine Arbeitsgruppe der Harvard Medical School (Boston, USA) anhand eines großen Patientenkollektivs untersucht <xref idref="R011332-1">1</xref>. Wir haben nachgehakt beim korrespondierenden Autor Prof. Dr. Matthias Eikermann.
Barriers to Sexual and Reproductive Wellbeing Among Saudi Women: a Qualitative Study (2021)

Abstract Introduction In Saudi Arabia, sexual and reproductive health education is not offered in any formal setting, and there is a significant lack of knowledge amongst Saudi women. This study aimed to explore barriers to Saudi women’s sexual and reproductive wellbeing. Methods The study employed qualitative methods using semi-structured interviews with women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2019. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Twenty-eight women were interviewed. Sexual and reproductive wellbeing is a complex matter affected by personal, familial, environmental, socio-cultural, religious, and institutional factors. Being unmarried is a significant barrier to accessing sexual and reproductive information and services, with ignorance signifying modesty and purity. Parental control acted as a barrier to acquiring knowledge and accessing essential healthcare services. Schools contribute to lack of awareness, with teachers omitting sexual and reproductive health-related subjects and evading answering questions. Conclusions There are multiple factors that restrict Saudi women’s access to sexual and reproductive health information and services, impacting their overall wellbeing. Research and policy efforts should be directed towards overcoming the complex barriers to Saudi women’s sexual and reproductive wellbeing. Public health initiatives are needed to improve youth, parents, and teacher’s knowledge, and improve public perceptions towards sexual and reproductive health education.
Acoustic Emission as Analyzing Tool for Wear Mechanisms of Composite Materials (2007)

This article summarizes the efforts done for using acoustic emission as wear mechanisms monitoring technique for wear testing in a pin-on-disc setup. The basic characteristics of the mechanisms were previously determined via controlled tensile testing (fiber breakage, debonding …). The knowledge of these basic characteristics then resulted in an easier classification of wear mechanisms related to wear testing of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polyester.
How Do I Examine Rigidity and Spasticity? (2015)

Examination of tone (increased resistance to the passive movement of a joint) is a clinically useful and occasionally neglected part of the neurological examination. Rigidity and spasticity are two distinct types of hypertonia that arise from distinct anatomical pathways. The ability to differentiate between these two entities therefore gives important information regarding localization. Whereas spasticity arises as a result of damage to the corticoreticulospinal (pyramidal) tracts, rigidity is caused by dysfunction of extrapyramidal pathways, most commonly the basal ganglia, but also as a result of lesions of the mesencephalon and spinal cord. Spasticity is characterized by abnormally high muscle tone, which often asymmetrically affects antagonistic muscle groups. It is both amplitude and velocity dependent and is therefore best assessed using rapid movements of the relevant joint to effect abrupt stretching of the muscle group involved. When a threshold velocity, angle, or amplitude is reached, a sudden increase in tone can be detected as a characteristic "catch." Rigidity differs from spasticity in that the increased tone remains constant throughout the range of movement of the joint. It is independent of velocity and should even be detectable with very slow movements. It is present in flexors and extensor muscle groups equally, giving rise to a uniform quality in all directions often described as "lead pipe" rigidity. Given that rigidity frequently arises in diseases of the basal ganglia, a tremor can coexist, giving rise to an interrupted "cogwheeling" effect. We herein describe an approach to the examination of patients with rigidity and spasticity.
Oxidized Phospholipids in Healthy and Diseased Lung Endothelium (2020)

Circulating and cell membrane phospholipids undergo oxidation caused by enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. As a result, a diverse group of bioactive oxidized phospholipids generated in these conditions have both beneficial and harmful effects on the human body. Increased production of oxidized phospholipid products with deleterious effects is linked to the pathogenesis of various cardiopulmonary disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, acute lung injury (ALI), and inflammation. It has been determined that the contrasting biological effects of lipid oxidation products are governed by their structural variations. For example, full-length products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine oxidation (OxPAPC) have prominent endothelial barrier protective and anti-inflammatory activities while most of the truncated oxidized phospholipids induce vascular leak and exacerbate inflammation. The extensive studies from our group and other groups have demonstrated a strong potential of OxPAPC in mitigating a wide range of agonist-induced lung injuries and inflammation in pulmonary endothelial cell culture and rodent models of ALI. Concurrently, elevated levels of truncated oxidized phospholipids are present in aged mice lungs that potentiate the inflammatory agents-induced lung injury. On the other hand, increased levels of full length OxPAPC products accelerate ALI recovery by facilitating production of anti-inflammatory lipid mediator, lipoxin A4, and other molecules with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that OxPAPC-assisted lipid program switch may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of acute inflammatory syndromes. In this review, we will summarize the vascular-protective and deleterious aspects of oxidized phospholipids and discuss their therapeutic potential including engineering of stable analogs of oxidized phospholipids with improved anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective properties.
Asymptotically near-optimal RRT for fast, high-quality, motion planning (2014)

We present Lower Bound Tree-RRT (LBT-RRT), a single-query sampling-based algorithm that is asymptotically near-optimal. Namely, the solution extracted from LBT-RRT converges to a solution that is within an approximation factor of 1 + ε of the optimal solution. Our algorithm allows for a continuous interpolation between the fast RRT algorithm and the asymptotically optimal RRT* and RRG algorithms. When the approximation factor is 1 (i.e., no approximation is allowed), LBT-RRT behaves like the RRT* algorithm. When the approximation factor is unbounded, LBT-RRT behaves like the RRT algorithm. In between, LBT-RRT is shown to produce paths that have higher quality than RRT would produce and run faster than RRT* would run. This is done by maintaining a tree which is a sub-graph of the RRG roadmap and a second, auxiliary tree, which we call the lower-bound tree. The combination of the two trees, which is faster to maintain than the tree maintained by RRT*, efficiently guarantee asymptotic near-optimality. We suggest to use LBT-RRT for high-quality, anytime motion planning. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm for scenarios ranging from 3 to 12 degrees of freedom and show that even for small approximation factors, the algorithm produces high-quality solutions (comparable to RRT*) with little runtime overhead when compared to RRT.
Homocamptothecin, an E-Ring-Modified Camptothecin Analogue, Generates New Topoisomerase I-Mediated DNA Breaks (1999)

Homocamptothecin (hCPT) contains a seven-membered beta-hydroxylactone in place of the conventional six-membered alpha-hydroxylactone ring found in camptothecin and its tumor active analogues, including topotecan and irinotecan. The homologation of the lactone E-ring reinforces the stability of the lactone, thus reducing considerably its conversion into a carboxylate form which is inactive. We have recently shown that hCPT is much more active than the parent compound against a variety of tumor cells in vitro and in xenograft models, suggesting that a highly reactive lactone is not essential for topoisomerase I-mediated anticancer activity [Lesueur-Ginot et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59, 2939-2943]. In the present study, we provide further evidence that hCPT has superior topoisomerase I inhibition capacities to CPT. In particular, we show that replacement of the camptothecin lactone E-ring with a homologous seven-membered lactone ring changes the sequence-specificity of the drug-induced DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I. Both CPT and hCPT stimulate the cleavage by topoisomerase I at T( downward arrow)G sites, but in addition, hCPT stabilizes cleavage at specific sites containing the sequence AAC( downward arrow)G. At low drug concentrations, the cleavage at the T( downward arrow)G sites and at the hCPT-specific C( downward arrow)G sites is more pronounced and more stable with hCPT than with CPT. The in vitro data were confirmed in cells. Higher levels of protein-DNA complexes were detected in P388 leukemia cells treated with hCPT than those treated with CPT. Immunoblotting experiments revealed that endogenous topoisomerase I was efficiently trapped onto DNA by hCPT in cells. Finally, the use of a leukemia cell line resistant to CPT provided evidence that topoisomerase I is involved in the cytotoxicity of hCPT. Altogether, the results show that the beta-hydroxylactone ring of hCPT plays an important and positive role in the poisoning of topoisomerase I. An explanation is proposed to account for such remarkable changes in the sequence specificity of topoisomerase I cleavage consequent to the modification of the lactone. The study sheds new light on the importance of the lactone ring of camptothecins for the stabilization of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes.