gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal damage quantification utilizing tissue birefringence color image analysis. (1993)

Decreased connective tissue or cardiac muscle birefringence in transmission polarizing microscopy is an observable measure of damaged tissue concentration. Accordingly, histologic monochrome images of thermally damaged tissue exhibiting decreased birefringence provide important information about the tissue thermal history. Thus, a damage quantification algorithm based on monochrome tissue images exhibiting decreased birefringence has been developed providing tissue damage values corresponding to estimated temperature distributions. In addition, utilizing 24-bit true color tissue images, epicardial birefringence color variations resulting from thermal exposures may also be observed. Therefore, image segmentation methods are used on the red, green, and blue color image components to isolate the epicardium, similarly allowing damage quantification on this tissue constituent.
Observation of electroweak production of Wγ with two jets in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV (2020)

A first observation is presented for the electroweak production of a W boson, a photon, and two jets in proton-proton collisions. The W boson decays are selected by requiring one identified electron or muon and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The two jets are required to have a high dijet mass and a large separation in pseudorapidity. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . The observed (expected) significance for this process is 4.9 (4.6) standard deviations. After combining with previously reported CMS results at 8 TeV, the observed (expected) significance is 5.3 (4.8) standard deviations. The cross section for the electroweak Wjj production in a restricted fiducial region is measured as 20.4 4.5 fb and the total cross section for W production in association with 2 jets in the same fiducial region is 108 16 fb. All results are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. Constraints are placed on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-8 effective field theory operators.
Aortale Endoprothesen im Notfall: definitives Rescueverfahren oder temporäre Bridgingmethode? Erste Erfahrungen aus Heidelberg (2001)

ZusammenfassungDie operativen Ergebnisse der elektiven Aortenaneurysmachirurgie haben sich in den letzten 5 Jahrzehnten seit der ersten Operation durch DuBost in Paris substantiell verbessert. Für Patienten mit rupturierten Aortenaneurysmen trifft dies jedoch nicht zu: Sie bleiben weiterhin eine große therapeutische Herausforderung. Trotz bedeutender Fortschritte der postoperativen Intensivmedizin und nicht zuletzt des Rettungswesens (Transportlogistik) hat sich die Operationsmortalität nicht signifikant verbessern lassen: Sie variiert selbst in erfahrenen Zentren zwischen 24 und 70% aller Patienten, die eine Klinik lebend erreichen (ca. 90% aller Rupturen versterben präklinisch). Hauptursache dieser hohen Mortalität ist die physiologische Dysfunktion („multiple organ dysfunction“) relevanter Organe (Herz, Lunge, Niere), verursacht durch den hämorraghischen Schock in Kombination mit altersbedingten Vorerkrankungen und dem beachtlichen Operationstrauma und der kardialen Belastung durch die Aortenabklemmung (myokardiale Ischämie). Transluminal platzierte Endoprothesen als neue Technologie ermöglichen eine minimalinvasive Versorgung der aortalen Gefäßruptur von einem separaten inguinalen transfemoralen Zugang. So wird eine transabdominelle oder gar transthorakale chirurgische Exposition mit allen physiologischen Belastungen und der daraus erwachsenen unakzeptabel hohen Morbidität und Mortalität in der Akutsituation vermieden. Dennoch sind erst einzelne Fallberichte publiziert. Dieser Artikel berichtet über unsere ersten Erfahrungen mit der Behandlung von thorakalen und infrarenalen Aortenrupturen mit hämorragischem Schock durch den Einsatz von Endoprothesen.
Coadministration of Trametinib and Palbociclib Radiosensitizes KRAS-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo (2016)

Our findings suggest that MEK inhibitor in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitor has significant anti-KRAS-mutant NSCLC activity and radiosensitizing effect in preclinical models, potentially providing a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced KRAS-mutant NSCLCs.
Adriamycin, BCNU plus cyclophosphamide (ABC) in advanced carcinoma of the head and neck (1979)

Forty-four patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/m2 plus BCNU, 100 mg/m2 day 1 followed by adriamycin 40 mg/m2 day 2, with therapy repeated every 4 weeks. Of 31 evaluable patients, there were 1 complete response, and 10 partial responses (35%). Four of 8 patients without prior chemotherapy had complete or partial responses, as did 7 of 23 patients who had received prior chemotherapy. The mean survival for patients with partial responses was 8.8 months, and for patients with stable disease was 7.8 months. The mean time to progression for patients with partial responses was 5.4 months, and for patients with stable disease was 3.2 months. Granulocytopenia was the dose limiting toxicity, and patients with increasing degrees of myelosuppression appeared to have higher quality responses and longer survival. The ABC treatment program is useful in the palliative management of patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck.
The Reaction of Diazomethane Derivatives with the Dielement Compounds R2Al–AlR2 and R2Ga–GaR2 [R = CH(SiMe3)2] – Insertion versus Fragmentation (1999)

Tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialane(4) 1 reacted with trimethylsilyldiazomethane and bis(trimethylsilyl)diazomethane at room temperature by the insertion of the terminal nitrogen atoms into its aluminium–aluminium bond. As shown by a crystal structure determination, one of the aluminium atoms of each product enhanced its coordination number to four by the interaction with the central nitrogen atom of the C=N–N group, which results in the formation of a three-membered AlN2 heterocycle bearing an exocyclic N=C double bond. The reactions of the corresponding gallium compound (2) containing a gallium–gallium single bond needed more drastic conditions. Mixtures of many unknown products were formed, and only on treatment with trimethylsilyldiazomethane two compounds could be isolated after repeated recrystallization in yields below 10%, which were characterized by crystal structure determinations. One was identified as the trimeric dialkylgallium cyanide (8) with a nine-membered Ga3C3N3 heterocycle, and the other one (9) has a dialkylgallium fragment coordinated by both terminal nitrogen atoms of the chelating ligand NH2–N=C(SiMe3)–NH−. Due to the NMR spectroscopic characterization, 8 seems to be tetrameric in solution with an asymmetric structure containing four different gallium atoms. With this unusual structure, the IR spectrum of tetrameric dimethylgallium cyanide could now completely be interpreted, which was published more than 20 years ago.
Detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis by fluorogenic nuclease polymerase chain reaction analysis. (2005)

Mycoplasma pulmonis induces persistent infections in laboratory mice and rats and can contaminate biological materials. We developed a fluorogenic nuclease polymerase chain reaction (fnPCR) assay to detect M. pulmonis specifically. Primer and probe sequences for the assay were targeted to 16S rRNA sequences specific to M. pulmonis. The assay consistently detected the equivalent of fewer than 10 copies of template DNA. When evaluated against a panel of 24 species of bacteria, the M. pulmonis assay detected only M. pulmonis isolates. Evaluation of 10-fold serial dilutions of cultured M. pulmonis showed that the M. pulmonis fnPCR assay and culture on Dutch agar had comparable sensitivity in detecting viable M. pulmonis organisms, whereas the mouse antibody production test displayed positive serologic results at dilutions higher than those in which viable organisms could be detected. Finally, the M. pulmonis fnPCR assay was able to detect M. pulmonis DNA in nasopharyngeal wash fluid and trachea, lung, and uterus tissue collected from mice naturally infected with M. pulmonis but did not detect the organism in similar samples collected from uninfected, negative control mice. The M. pulmonis fnPCR assay provides a high-throughput, PCR-based method to detect M. pulmonis in infected rodents and contaminated biological materials.
Coupling of ras p21 signalling and GTP hydrolysis by GTPase activating proteins (1992)

Abstract Ras p21 proteins cycle between inactive, GDP-bound forms and active GTP-bound forms. Hydrolysis of bound GTP to GDP is mediated by proteins referred to as GAPs, two forms of which have been described. The first, p120-GAP, contains regions of homologies with tyrosine kinase oncogenes, and interacts with tyrosine phosphoproteins as well as with ras proteins; p120-GAP may therefore connect signalling pathways that involve tyrosine kinase and ras p21 proteins. The second type of GAP is the product of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene (NF1-GAP). This is a protein of 325 000 Da that is defective in patients with NF1; NF1-GAP is regulated by signalling lipids, and may serve to connect ras p21 with phospholipid second messenger systems. The significance of ras p21 interaction with distinct GAPs is discussed.
Poly(N,N,N-trimethylammoniumalkyl acrylamide chloride) Based Hydrogels for Serum Cholesterol Reduction (2003)

Hydrogels present an attractive alternative to nanoscale block copolymer aggregates and microscale resin beads as potential asystemic serum cholesterol reduction materials. Not only would the oral delivery of these materials be more pleasant than the sand-like bile salt anion sequestrant beads but also the hydrogel preparation is much simpler than the copolymer aggregate analogues [Cameron, N. S.; Eisenberg, A.; Brown, G. R. Biomacromolecules 2002, 3, 116-123. Cameron, N. S.; Eisenberg, A.; Brown, G. R. Biomacromolecules 2002, 3, 124-132]. Our goal was to explore these materials building on our experience with bulk resins and self-assembled copolymers. In this paper, following a brief introduction to hydrogels and their application to hypercholesterolemia, the synthesis, characterization, and preliminary glycocholate binding properties of poly(N,N,N-trimethylammoniumalkyl acrylamide chloride)gel are presented [Cameron, N. S.; Eisenberg, A.; Brown, G. R. Polym. Preprints 2002, 43, 771-772].
Nanophotonics for Information Systems (2011)

This paper explores the role of nanotechnology with focus on nanophotonics in dielectric, metal, and semiconductor inhomogeneous composition materials, devices and subsystems for optical communications, information and signal processing, and sensing.
CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizer status could slow down Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte clearance after single-dose primaquine (2014)

Background The use of single-dose primaquine to block transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is complicated by variation in glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and potentially cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). G6PD deficiency determines primaquine safety while the CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype may determine primaquine efficacy by influencing metabolism into active metabolite(s). While there is evidence that the CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype influences primaquine efficacy against P. vivax hypnozoites, there is currently no evidence for CYP2D6 in relation to its gametocytocidal activity in P. falciparum.
RNase H confers specificity in the dnaA-dependent initiation of replication at the unique origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome in vivo and in vitro. (1984)

Escherichia coli rnh mutants defective in RNase H activity display the features of previously described sdrA (stable DNA replication) and dasF (dnaA suppressor) mutants: (i) sustained DNA replication in the absence of protein synthesis, (ii) lack of requirement for dnaA protein and the origin of replication (oriC), and (iii) sensitivity of growth to a rich medium. Both the sdrA mutants (selected for continued DNA replication in the absence of protein synthesis) and the dasF mutants (selected as dnaA suppressors) are defective in RNase H activity, measured in vitro. Furthermore, a 760-base-pair fragment containing the rnh+ structural gene complements the phenotype of each of the rnh, sdrA, and dasF mutants, indicative of a single gene. One function of RNase H in vivo is in the initiation of a cycle of DNA replication at oriC dependent on dnaA+. In keeping with these results, RNase H contributes to the specificity of dnaA protein-dependent replication initiated at oriC in a partially purified enzyme system.
The lipophilicity and hydrogen bond strength of pyridine-N-oxides and protonated pyridine-N-oxides (2011)

Water–solvent partition coefficients for 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide have been determined in six solvent systems, and solubilities measured in water and 37 solvents. The combined data are used to obtain Abraham descriptors for 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide as follows: E = 0.934, S = 1.92, A = 0.21, B = 0.76, V = 0.9082 and L = 5.246; literature data on partition coefficients were used to calculate descriptors for 11 other pyridine-N-oxides as well as quinoline-N-oxide and isoquinoline-N-oxide. In all cases, the N-oxides were shown to be stronger hydrogen bond bases than the corresponding pyridines, thus leading to a decrease in lipophilicity. An unexpected observation is that of the hydrogen bond acidity of the N-oxides due, we suggest, to the positive nitrogen atom in the moiety N(+) → O(−). This leads to an even sharper decrease in the N-oxide lipophilicity in non-polar solvents. We have also used literature data to determine the 1 ∶ 1 hydrogen bond basicity, βH2, of a number of pyridine-N-oxides; again, this basicity is significantly larger than that of the corresponding pyridines. Protonation of pyridine-N-oxides removes all hydrogen bond basicity (B = 0.00), but the protonated compounds are strong hydrogen bond acids. For protonated pyridine-N-oxide itself, E = 0.514, S = 2.62, A = 1.51, B = 0.00, V = 0.7555 and the ionic descriptor J+ = 0.894; protonated 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide with A = 2.05 is a very strong hydrogen bond acid indeed.
Experimental and theoretical study of hydrogen and benzene destruction chemistries (1995)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1996.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Autocrine Motility Factor Promotes HER2 Cleavage and Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 242K, Supplementary Figure S2. EBNA293 cells do not respond to AMF in p-AKT/p-ERK pathways.&lt;/p&gt;
A highly acid-stable and thermostable endo-β-glucanase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (2005)

The thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 encodes three hypothetic endo-beta-glucanases, SSO1354, SSO1949 and SSO2534. We cloned and expressed the gene sso1949 encoding the 334 amino acids containing protein SSO1949, which can be classified as a member of glycoside hydrolase family 12. The purified recombinant enzyme hydrolyses carboxymethylcellulose as well as cello-oligomers, with cellobiose and cellotriose as main reaction products. By following the hydrolysis of a fluorescently labelled cellohexaoside under a wide variety of conditions, we show that SSO1949 is a unique extremophilic enzyme. This archaeal enzyme has a pH optimum of approx. pH 1.8 and a temperature optimum of approx. 80 degrees C. Furthermore, the enzyme is thermostable, with a half-life of approx. 8 h at 80 degrees C and pH 1.8. The thermostability is strongly pH-dependent. At neutral pH, the thermal inactivation rate is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than at pH 1.8. Homology modelling suggests that the catalytic domain of SSO1949 has a similar fold to other mesophilic, acidophilic and neutral cellulases. The presence of a signal peptide indicates that SSO1949 is a secreted protein, which enables S. solfataricus to use cellulose as an external carbon source. It appears that SSO1949 is perfectly adapted to the extreme environment in solfataric pools. A cellulolytic enzyme with such a combination of stability and activity at high temperatures and low pH has not been described so far and could be a valuable tool for the large-scale hydrolysis of cellulose under acidic conditions.
Materials Fabrication from Native and Recombinant Thermoplastic Squid Proteins (2014)

Natural elastomers made from protein extracts have received significant interest as eco‐friendly functional materials due to their unique mechanical and optical properties emanating from secondary structures. The next generation sequencing approach is used to identify protein sequences in a squid ring teeth complex extracted from Loligo vulgaris and the use of recombinant expression is demonstrated in the fabrication of a new generation of thermoplastic materials. Native and recombinant thermoplastic squid proteins exhibit reversible solid to melt phase transition, enabling them to be thermally shaped into 3D geometries such as fibers, colloids, and thin films. Direct extraction or recombinant expression of protein based thermoplastics opens up new avenues for materials fabrication and synthesis, which will eventually be competitive with the high‐end synthetic oil based plastics.
High school science fair: Positive and negative outcomes (2019)

Abstract The goal of our ongoing research is to identify strengths and weaknesses of high school level science fair and improvements that can help science educators make science fair a more effective, inclusive and equitable learning experience. In this paper, we confirm and extend our previous findings in several important ways. We added new questions to our anonymous and voluntary surveys to learn the extent to which students had an interest in science or engineering careers and if science fair participation increased their interest in science or engineering. And we surveyed a national rather than regional high school student group by incorporating our survey into the Scienteer online portal now used by Texas and some other states for science fair registration, parental consent, and project management. We learned that about ~60% of the more than 300 students in the national cohorts completing surveys in 2017 and 2018 said that they were interested in a career in science or engineering, and ~60% said that participating in science fair increased their interest in science or engineering. About two-thirds of the students were required to participate in science fair, and that requirement reduced the frequency of students who said that science fair increased their interest. In the worst case, ~10% of the students who said that they were not interested in a career in science or engineering and required to participate in science fair engaged in research misconduct (i.e., plagiarism and making up their results). Students’ positive comments about competition in science fair focused on the competition incentive, whereas their positive comments about science fair that was non-competitive focused on learning about the scientific process and learning in general. We discuss the findings in the context of National Science Teaching Association guidance about voluntary science fair participation and begin to identify features of science fair practice consistent with increased student interest in the sciences or engineering.
Segmentation and tracking of the cardiac muscle in echocardiographic sequences using a level set approach (2004)

In the context of echocardiographic imaging, we propose a level set formulation for registration and segmentation with a shape prior. Registration of a prior contour on the image is expressed as the problem of estimating a rigid transform minimizing a global region-based criterion. The segmentation step is then formulated through front propagation constrained with the registered shape prior. Based on the result of segmentation, the motion field of the segmented muscle is derived and is then used to track a region through the cardiac cycle. This segmentation and tracking framework was applied to in vivo data and was shown to provide very consistent results.
Fighting H. pylori with Medicinal Plants: A Study on Jordan's TraditionalRemedies (2023)

Aims of the Study: This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants used among Jordanians for the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers against H. pylori. Moreover, plants' inhibitory activity against the H. pylori urease enzyme was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: The activity of 11 medicinal plants used by common people and herbalists to treat ulcers was evaluated against H. pylori (NCTC 11916). Ethanol and essential oil extracts from the tested plants were evaluated using a standard agar dilution method and the MICs were determined. Furthermore, the potential inhibitory effect of each preparation was tested against the enzyme urease using a kinetic colorimetric assay. Results: Cinnamomum cassia oil showed the highest efficiency against H. pylori with the lowest MIC (0.0122 mg.mL-1), followed by Origanum syriacum and Foeniculum vulgare (MICs of 0.39 mg.mL-1). Furthermore, significant urease inhibition activity was recorded for Carum carvi oil (IC50~0.45 mg.mL-1). C. cassia oil (IC50 ~2.8 mg.mL-1), Aloysia citriodora, and Artemisia Judaica (IC50 5.8 mg.mL-1) reported potential urease inhibition activities. Conclusion: Herbs used in Jordanian traditional medicine were found to have anti-H. pylori and significant urease inhibitory activity. These findings might support the use of medicinal plants as adjuvant or alternative therapy for the treatment of H. pylori.
Management of diarrhea induced by tumors or cancer therapy (1995)

Diarrhea is a common event in the clinical history of cancer patients. It can be caused by the presence of tumor or it can be a side effect of treatment. The latter problem is occurring more often because new drugs (CPT-11) or drug combinations (fluorouracil plus interferon or leucovorin) have diarrhea as the dose-limiting toxicity. The clinical use of octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue, seemed to demonstrate an improvement in most diarrheal states induced by tumors (endocrine tumors) or by treatments (short bowel syndrome; chemotherapy-induced diarrhea).
TOTAL AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (1957)

Acute cardiac infarction is an event that might be expected to produce sudden left ventricular heart failure. Although circulatory collapse is common when myocardial infarction is extensive, the clinical signs of cardiac failure are not often dramatic. Recently, therapy involving intra- arterial or intravenous transfusion of patients with severe shock from myocardial infarction has been used Similar treatment of patients with acute left ventricular heart failure would be considered foolhardy. The present study of circulatory events occurring in a group of patients admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction was an attempt to investigate these apparent discrepancies.
A simple simultaneous distance and velocity probe (2000)

We describe a fiberoptic sensor that uses a frequency modulated laser to simultaneously measure both the position and velocity of a reflecting target. We also discuss the effects ofresidual amplitude modulation and multiple reflections.