gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Tolerance Region Computing for Multimedia (2012)

Multimedia computation has clearly become a primary and demanding application segment for new architectures targeted at portable devices. The main challenge for such architectures is to keep pace with the computational requirements of ever evolving media standards and applications while satisfying the power and energy consumption required to leverage smaller form-factors and longer battery lifetimes. One technique aimed at reducing both the energy consumption and the execution time of an application is Reuse. This technique memorizes the outcome of an instruction or set of instructions so that we can reuse it the next time we perform the same operation with the same inputs. In this paper, we analyze a region reuse schema specially focused on multimedia applications. While the technique appears to be, in theory, a promising vehicle to improve both timing and energy for low-end media applications, we will show that the extra hardware cost required becomes a severe shortcoming as we find the undesirable situation where we have to consume more energy in order to reduce the execution time (hence becoming a poor power-oriented solution). To mitigate the overhead of the reuse hardware, we advocate for exploiting a third variable in the power-time trade-off and we evaluate tolerant region reuse, a technique that relies in the tolerance in the output precision of media algorithms to improve reuse. With this technique, we afford to use less consuming hardware structures that drives benefits in both energy and timing. As a trade-off, tolerant region reuse introduces non-noticeable errors in the output data. The main drawback of tolerant region reuse is the strong reliance on application profiling, the need for careful tuning from the application developer, and the inability of the technique to adapt to the variability of the media contents being used as inputs. To address that inflexibility, we introduce dynamic tolerant region reuse. This novel technique overcomes the drawbacks of tolerant region reuse by allowing the hardware to study the precision quality of the region reuse output. Our mechanism allows the programmer to grant a minimum threshold on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while letting the technique adapt to the characteristics of the specific application and workload to minimize time and energy consumption. This leads to greater energy-delay savings while keeps output error below noticeable levels, avoiding at the same time the need of profiling. We studied our mechanism applied to a set of three different processors, from low to high end. As we will show our technique leads to consistent performance improvements in all of our benchmark programs while reducing energy consumption. We can report savings up to 30 percent in the energy*delay factor for all three processors.
Post-COVID recovery: characteristics of chronically critically ill patients admitted to a long-term acute care hospital (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia often suffer from chronic critical illness (CCI) and require long-term hospitalization. Long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals are vital in the care of CCI patients, but their role for patients post COVID-19 infection is not known. Barlow Respiratory Hospital (BRH) is a 105-bed, LTAC hospital network serving ventilator-dependent and medically-complex patients transferred from the ICUs of hospitals in southern California. We report patient characteristics of our first series of COVID-19 survivors admitted to the post-acute venue of an LTAC hospital. <b>Methods:</b> Single-center observational descriptive report of patients recovering from acute infectious complications of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring long-term respiratory support. <b>Results:</b> From 28 April to 7 September 2020, 41 patients were admitted to BRH for continued recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia. Median age: 68 [44-94] years, 25/41 (61%) male, 33/41 (80.5%) with tracheostomy, 21/41 (51.2%) on invasive mechanical ventilation, 9/41 (22%) receiving hemodialysis. All mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis interventions were initiated at the transferring hospital. <b>Conclusions:</b> To our knowledge, this is the first report to characterize CCI and medically complex COVID-19 patients transferred to the post-acute venue of an LTAC hospital. Patients on average spent over six weeks in the transferring hospital mostly in the ICU, are largely elderly, carry the known risk factors for COVID-19 infection, and experienced respiratory failure necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy. Our findings suggest that these patients will continue to require considerable medical interventions and treatments, including weaning from mechanical ventilation, owing to the numerous sequelae of the infection and the burden of acute-on-chronic diseases. As ICU survival rates improve, this research further emphasizes the important role of the LTAC hospital in responding to the COVID-19 crisis.
Neural Network-based Acoustic Vehicle Counting (2020)

This paper addresses acoustic vehicle counting using one-channel audio. We predict the pass-by instants of vehicles from local minima of clipped vehicle-to-microphone distance. This distance is predicted from audio using a two-stage (coarse-fine) regression, with both stages realised via neural networks (NNs). Experiments show that the NN-based distance regression outperforms by far the previously proposed support vector regression. The $ 95\% $ confidence interval for the mean of vehicle counting error is within $[0.28\%, -0.55\%]$. Besides the minima-based counting, we propose a deep learning counting that operates on the predicted distance without detecting local minima. Although outperformed in accuracy by the former approach, deep counting has a significant advantage in that it does not depend on minima detection parameters. Results also show that removing low frequencies in features improves the counting performance.
Role of hypoxia in muscle function and muscular dystrophy (2008)

Respiratory insufficiency contributes significantly to the morbidity and, is the commonest cause of mortality, in Duchene's muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, surprisingly little is known mechanistically about 1, basic respiratory physiology in the mdx (DMD‐mouse model) &amp;, 2, effects of hypoxia (high altitude) on muscle function. To rigorously evaluate mdx respiration, we custom‐built a plethysmograph (with 1 microlitre sensitivity) and exposed awake adult mdx and control mice to graded levels of hypoxia and hypercapnia to determine respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (V T ), and minute ventilation (V E ), HVR and HCVR. Additionally, phrenic nerve discharges were recorded from anesthetized mice to understand the integrated ventilatory response of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Significant abnormalities were found in mdx mice respiratory parameters during normoxia as well as a blunting of the HVR reflex. Finally, we found anatomical, physiological and transcriptome‐level changes in muscle of animals exposed to hypoxia and high altitude (Mt. Marmolejo &amp; Mt. McKinley). These observations support our hypotheses that dystrophic mice have respiratory abnormalities and that hypoxia itself may contribute as a ‘second‐hit’ to muscle patho‐physiology in DMD.
Abstract 14180: RyR2 Hyperactivity Contributes to Arrhythmogenic Triggers in the ex vivo Human Right Ventricle (2021)

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by VT/VF is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, accounting for up to 20% of all deaths in the United States. Novel antiarrhythmic targets and r...
Search for Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Blood Cells: Hypotheses-Driven Approach (2017)

Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics is based on cognitive testing, and detecting amyloid Aβ and τ pathology by brain imaging and assays of cerebrospinal fluid. However, biomarkers identifying complex pathways contributing to pathology are lacking, especially for early AD. Preferably, such biomarkers should be more cost-effective and present in easily available diagnostic tissues, such as blood. Here, we summarize the recent findings of potential early AD molecular diagnostic biomarkers in blood platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. We review molecular alterations which refer to such main hypotheses of AD pathogenesis as amyloid cascade, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, inflammation and alterations in cell cycle regulatory molecules. The major advantage of such biomarkers is the potential ability to indicate individualized therapies in AD patients.
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Plant Reproduction (1994)

Molecular biology techniques have considerably increased our understanding of mechanisms underlying the control of flower initiation, development, function and senescence, processes which can be critically important in managing the yield of agricultural crops. The book covers the molecular and genetic control of flower morphogenesis in particular species and discusses the role and regulation of gene expression in the development, together with action of the male and female gametes in plant reproduction. The considerable variation in longevity of flowers and pattern of senescence are reviewed. The importance of ethylene in the control mechanism is discussed using examples of both ethylene-sensitive and insensitive species. The book will be vital to those researching floral physiology, and a useful reference for undergraduates studying relevant botanical courses.
Search for time-independent Lorentz violation using muon neutrino to\n muon antineutrino transitions in MINOS (2016)

Data from the MINOS experiment has been used to search for mixing between\nmuon neutrinos and muon antineutrinos using a time-independent\nLorentz-violating formalism derived from the Standard-Model Extension (SME).\nMINOS is uniquely capable of searching for muon neutrino-antineutrino mixing\ngiven its long baseline and ability to distinguish between neutrinos and\nantineutrinos on an event-by-event basis. Neutrino and antineutrino\ninteractions were observed in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors from an exposure\nof 10.56$\\times10^{20}$ protons-on-target from the NuMI neutrino-optimized\nbeam. No evidence was found for such transitions and new, highly stringent\nlimits were placed on the SME coefficients governing them. We place the first\nlimits on the SME parameters $(c_{L})^{TT}_{\\mu\\mu} $ and\n$(c_{L})^{TT}_{\\tau\\tau}$ at $-8.4\\times10^{-23} &lt; (c_{L})^{TT}_{\\mu\\mu} &lt;\n8.0\\times10^{-23}$ and $-8.0\\times10^{-23} &lt; (c_{L})^{TT}_{\\tau\\tau} &lt;\n8.4\\times10^{-23}$, and the world's best limits on the\n$\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\mu\\overline{\\mu}}$ and $\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\tau\\overline{\\tau}}$\nparameters at $|\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\mu\\overline{\\mu}}| &lt; 3.3\\times 10^{-23}$ and\n$|\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\tau\\overline{\\tau}}| &lt; 3.3\\times 10^{-23}$, all limits\nquoted at $3\\sigma$.\n
JIT technology with C/C++ (2013)

The growing gap between the advanced capabilities of static compilers as reflected in benchmarking results and the actual performance that users experience in real-life scenarios makes client-side dynamic optimization technologies imperative to the domain of static languages. Dynamic optimization of software distributed in the form of a platform-agnostic Intermediate-Representation (IR) has been very successful in the domain of managed languages, greatly improving upon interpreted code, especially when online profiling is used. However, can such feedback-directed IR-based dynamic code generation be viable in the domain of statically compiled, rather than interpreted, languages? We show that fat binaries, which combine the IR together with the statically compiled executable, can provide a practical solution for software vendors, allowing their software to be dynamically optimized without the limitation of binary-level approaches, which lack the high-level IR of the program, and without the warm-up costs associated with the IR-only software distribution approach. We describe and evaluate the fat-binary-based runtime compilation approach using SPECint2006, demonstrating that the overheads it incurs are low enough to be successfully surmounted by dynamic optimization. Building on Java JIT technologies, our results already improve upon common real-world usage scenarios, including very small workloads.
Factors impacting lipid digestion and β-carotene bioaccessibility assessed by standardized gastrointestinal model (INFOGEST): oil droplet concentration (2020)

Food, nutrition, and pharmaceutical scientists are trying to elucidate the major factors impacting the bioavailability of macronutrients (e.g., lipids) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins) so as to improve their efficacy. Currently, there is still a limited understanding of how food matrix effects impact digestion and bioaccessibility determined under the INFOGEST model, which is currently the most widely used standardized in vitro gastrointestinal model. Therefore, we examined the impact of corn oil concentration on lipid digestion and β-carotene bioaccessibility using model food emulsions. For all oil concentrations tested (2.5 to 20%), complete lipid digestion was achieved using fed-state gastrointestinal conditions, which could only be seen if a back-titration was performed. The particle size and negative surface potential on the mixed micelles formed at the end of the small intestine phase both increased with increasing oil concentration, which was attributed to the generation of more free fatty acids. The β-carotene bioaccessibility increased when the oil concentration was raised from 2.5 to 10% due to the increased solubilization capacity of the mixed micelles, but then it decreased when the oil concentration was raised further to 20% due to precipitation and sedimentation of some of the β-carotene. The maximum β-carotene bioaccessibility (93.2%) was measured at 10% oil. These results indicate that the oil concentration of emulsions influences β-carotene bioaccessibility by altering digestion, solubilization, and precipitation processes. This knowledge is important when designing more effective functional or medical food products.
Quantifying TOLNet ozone lidar accuracy during the 2014 DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPÉ campaigns (2017)

The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is a unique network of lidar systems that measure high-resolution atmospheric profiles of ozone. The accurate characterization of these lidars is necessary to determine the uniformity of cross-instrument calibration. From July to August 2014, three lidars, the TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) lidar, the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, and the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), of TOLNet participated in the "Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality" (DISCOVER-AQ)mission and the "Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment" (FRAPPÉ)to measure ozone variations from the boundary layer to the top of the troposphere. This study presents the analysis of the intercomparison between the TROPOZ, TOPAZ, and LMOL lidars, along with comparisons between the lidars and other <i>in situ</i> ozone instruments including ozonesondes and a P-3B airborne chemiluminescence sensor. In terms of the range-resolving capability, the TOLNet lidars measured vertical ozone structures with an accuracy generally better than ±15% within the troposphere. Larger differences occur at some individual altitudes in both the near-field and far-field range of the lidar systems, largely as expected. In terms of column average, the TOLNet lidars measured ozone with an accuracy better than ±5% for both the intercomparison between the lidars and between the lidars and other instruments. These results indicate very good measurement accuracy for these three TOLNet lidars, making them suitable for use in air quality, satellite validation, and ozone modeling efforts.
Absorption enhancement analysis of crystalline Si thin film solar cells based on broadband antireflection nanocone grating (2011)

1 μm thick Si solar cells based on nanocone grating (NCG) with height of 100-800 nm and period of 100, 500, and 800 nm are numerically investigated through reflectivities, absorption enhancement factors, absorption spectra, optical generation rates, ultimate efficiencies, and diffraction angles. Compared with the planar Si solar cell, absorption enhancement are observed in any solar cells with NCG surface. Their absorption enhancement mechanism varies with the incident wavelength range. When incident wavelength λ &amp;lt; 500 nm, antireflection of their front surface dominates the absorption enhancement behavior due to their stronger absorption coefficients. When 600 nm &amp;gt; λ &amp;gt; 500 nm, even though the absorption enhancement is still dominated by antireflection of the front surface, cavity-resonance effect and guided-mode excitation induced by high order diffraction start to make contribution. When λ &amp;gt; 600 nm, the contribution of guided-mode excitation induced by lower-order diffraction becomes larger and larger once the diffraction angle is larger than its critical angle. For the structure with P = 100 nm, high-order diffraction cut-off at the longer wavelength range is the main reason of its lower absorption enhancement and ultimate conversion efficiency. For P = 800 nm, the lower absorption enhancement and ultimate efficiency is also observed due to the high reflection loss and mode leakage induced by 1st order diffraction where its diffraction angle is lower than its critical angle. Higher absorption and ultimate conversion efficiencies are achieved in P = 500 nm due to the good balance between antireflection performance and guide-mode excitation induced by the high order diffraction is achieved. Moreover, such absorption enhancement is closely related with its height of NCG gratings. Reflection loss reduction, the interaction volume reduction between the incident light and Si material, and higher photon density in NCG structure coexists with H increasing, which results in absorption enhancement in P = 500 nm and P = 800 nm, but absorption reduction in P = 100 nm where high order diffraction cut-off. Based on these analysis, we do believe that high absorption and ultimate conversion efficiency should be achieved in NCG-based solar cells where both the lower reflection in short wavelength domain and guide-mode excitation induced by 1st and 2nd diffraction in longer wavelength domain can be achieved. According to this rule, the optimized structure is NCG with P = 559 nm and H = 500 nm, by which, the highest optical generation rate of 536.57 × 104 W/cm3 and ultimate efficiency of 28.132% are achieved. Such analysis should benefit the design of the thin film solar cells with nano-structured diffraction gratings.
Accurate localization of cortical convolutions in MR brain images (1996)

Analysis of brain images often requires accurate localization of cortical convolutions. Although magnetic resonance (MR) brain images offer sufficient resolution for identifying convolutions in theory, the nature of tomographic imaging prevents clear definition of convolutions in individual slices. Existing methods for solving this problem rely on heuristic adaptation of brain atlases created from a small number of individuals. These methods do not usually provide high accuracy because of large biological variations among individuals. The authors propose to localize convolutions by linking realistic visualizations of the cortical surface with the original image volume. They have developed a system so that a user can quickly localize key convolutions in several visualizations of an entire brain surface. Because of the links between the visualizations and the original volume, these convolutions are simultaneously localized in the original image slices. In the process of the authors' development, they have implemented a fast and easy method for visualizing cortical surfaces in MR images, thereby making their scheme usable in practical applications.
Identification of an Activator of the Retinoid X Receptor (1994)

A metabolite of all-trans retinoic acid produced by insect cells was discovered to activate the intracellular retinoic acid X receptor. The compound, beta-glucopyranosyl 9-cis-retinoate [1], was purified and its structure was determined by analysis of spectroscopic data.
Thrombin generation in plasma of patients with haemophilia A and B with inhibitors: Effects of bypassing agents and antithrombin reduction (2020)

Antithrombin (AT) reduction has been shown to improve thrombin generation (TG) in haemophilia with or without inhibitors. As treatment with bypassing agents (BPAs) may be required in patients with breakthrough bleeding while receiving AT-lowering therapy, we assessed TG in platelet-poor plasma samples from haemophilia patients in the presence of BPA (recombinant activated factor VII [rFVIIa; 1.25 or 2.5 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>] or activated prothrombin complex concentrate [aPCC; 0.5 or 1 U mL<sup>-1</sup>]) and AT reduction (anti-AT antibody). Mean ± SEM baseline peak thrombin height was 19.9 ± 4.3 nM in plasma from haemophilia patients (n = 12) and 230.5 ± 9.8 nM in healthy males (n = 24). Reduced AT improved mean peak thrombin height in haemophilia patient plasma to 75.4 ± 17.4 nM. Spiking of 90% AT-reduced haemophilia patient plasma with 2.5 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> rFVIIa or 1 U mL<sup>-1</sup> aPCC increased the mean peak thrombin height to 82.5 ± 12 nM and 134.8 ± 18.7 nM, respectively. Peak thrombin levels did not exceed the range for healthy volunteers when plasma samples from haemophilia patients with in vitro AT reduction were treated with BPAs, suggesting the potential use of BPAs in conjunction with AT reduction. Further clinical investigations are needed to confirm the safety of this approach.
Alkynylpyrimidine Amide Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Inhibitors of Tie-2 Kinase (2007)

The recognition that aberrant angiogenesis contributes to the pathology of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and myocardial ischemia has generated considerable interest in the molecular mechanisms that regulate blood vessel growth. The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is expressed primarily by vascular endothelial cells and is critical for embryonic vasculogenesis. Interference with the Tie-2 pathway by diverse blocking agents such as soluble Tie-2 receptors, anti-Tie-2 intrabodies, anti-Ang-2 antibodies, and peptide-Fc conjugates has been shown to suppress tumor growth in xenograft studies. An alternative strategy for interfering with the Tie-2 signaling pathway involves direct inhibition of the kinase functions of the Tie-2 receptor. Herein we describe the development of alkynylpyrimidine amide derivatives as potent, selective, and orally available ATP-competitive inhibitors of Tie-2 autophosphorylation.
THE SEARCH FOR ANTIFOULANT ALTERNATIVES (1987)

There is little doubt that the use of tributyltin (TBT)-based marine antifouling paints will be the subject of severe restrictions or may even be prohibited entirely. The alternatives available to replace TBT are reviewed, including antibiotic coatings.
<p>Silver nanoparticles: aggregation behavior in biorelevant conditions and its impact on biological activity</p> (2019)

To our knowledge, this is the first systematic examination regarding AgNP aggregation behavior with simultaneous measurements of its effect on biological activity. We showed that nanoparticle behavior in complex systems can be estimated by simple compounds like sodium chloride and glutamine. Electrostatic stabilization might not be suitable for biomedical AgNP applications, while green synthesis approaches could offer new frontiers to preserve nanoparticle toxicity by enhancing colloidal stability. The importance of properly selected synthesis methods must be emphasized as they profoundly influence colloidal stability, and therefore biological activity.