gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-molecule activation with iron porphyrins using electrons, photons and protons: some recent advances and future strategies (2019)

Substituted tetraphenyl Fe porphyrins are versatile molecular catalysts for the activation of small molecules (such as O2, H+ or CO2), which could lead to renewable energy storage, the direct production of fuels or new catalytic relevant processes. Herein, we review the recent studies of these earth-abundant metal catalysts for the electrochemical activation of dioxygen on the one hand and for the photostimulated reduction of carbon dioxide on the other hand. These two prototype reactions illustrate how mechanistic studies are the only rational approach to gain fundamental insights into the elementary steps that drive the catalysis and for identification of the key intrinsic parameters controlling the reactivity, offering in turn the possibility to rationally tune the structure of the catalysts as well as the catalytic conditions.
Concurrent Ternary Galois-based Computation using Nano-apex Multiplexing Nibs of Regular Three-dimensional Networks, Part I: Basics (2020)

New implementations within concurrent processing using three-dimensional lattice networks via nano carbon-based field emission controlled-switching is introduced in this article. The introduced nano-based three-dimensional networks utilize recent findings in nano-apex field emission to implement the concurrent functionality of lattice networks. The concurrent implementation of ternary Galois functions using nano threedimensional lattice networks is performed by using carbon field-emission switching devices via nano-apex carbon fibers and nanotubes. The presented work in this part of the article presents important basic background and fundamentals with regards to lattice computing and carbon field-emission that will be utilized within the follow-up works in the second and third parts of the article. The introduced nano-based three-dimensional lattice implementations form new and important directions within three-dimensional design in nanotechnologies that require optimal specifications of high regularity, predictable timing, high testability, fault localization, self-repair, minimum size, and minimum power consumption.
Gaussian Mixture Models for Classification and Hypothesis Tests Under Differential Privacy (2017)

Many statistical models are constructed using very basic statistics: mean vectors, variances, and covariances. Gaussian mixture models are such models. When a data set contains sensitive information and cannot be directly released to users, such models can be easily constructed based on noise added query responses. The models nonetheless provide preliminary results to users. Although the queried basic statistics meet the differential privacy guarantee, the complex models constructed using these statistics may not meet the differential privacy guarantee. However it is up to the users to decide how to query a database and how to further utilize the queried results. In this article, our goal is to understand the impact of differential privacy mechanism on Gaussian mixture models. Our approach involves querying basic statistics from a database under differential privacy protection, and using the noise added responses to build classifier and perform hypothesis tests. We discover that adding Laplace noises may have a non-negligible effect on model outputs. For example variance-covariance matrix after noise addition is no longer positive definite. We propose a heuristic algorithm to repair the noise added variance-covariance matrix. We then examine the classification error using the noise added responses, through experiments with both simulated data and real life data, and demonstrate under which conditions the impact of the added noises can be reduced. We compute the exact type I and type II errors under differential privacy for one sample z test, one sample t test, and two sample t test with equal variances. We then show under which condition a hypothesis test returns reliable result given differentially private means, variances and covariances.
List Sequential Sampling with Equal or Unequal Probabilities without Replacement (1977)

A. B. Sunter, List Sequential Sampling with Equal or Unequal Probabilities without Replacement, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), Vol. 26, No. 3 (1977), pp. 261-268
High electron mobility of phosphorous-doped homoepitaxial ZnO thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition (2008)

The transport properties of phosphorous-doped ZnO thin films, grown by pulsed-laser deposition on thermally pretreated hydrothermally grown ZnO single-crystal substrates, are reported. The ZnO:P thin films show very good morphological and structural properties as confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution x-ray diffraction, and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) channeling. Steps of height c/2 are visible in AFM investigations for all samples. For an oxygen partial pressure of 0.1 mbar, two-dimensional growth was found. RBS channeling of a ZnO:P film shows a minimum yield of 0.034 which is comparable to that of an annealed substrate (0.033). Hall effect measurements revealed that all films are n-type for the present growth conditions. Peak mobilities of 800 cm2/Vs have been observed around 70 K, in line with the high structural quality of the samples. Room-temperature mobility in ZnO:P is up to 170 cm2/Vs.
Modeling the output impedance negative incremental resistance behavior of grid-tied inverters (2014)

Small-signal stability in balanced three-phase systems can be analyzed using the Generalized Nyquist stability Criterion (GNC), which is based on source and load impedance in the synchronous rotating (d-q) frame. This paper models the d-q frame impedance of three-phase grid-tied inverters with current feedback control and Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The result unveils a very interesting and important feature of three-phase grid-tied inverters, namely that its q-q channel impedance behaves as a negative incremental resistance. Further, the paper shows that this behavior is a consequence of grid synchronization, where the bandwidth of the PLL determines the frequency range of the negative incremental resistance behavior, and the power rating of the inverter determines the magnitude of the resistance. Simulation and experimental results verify the analysis.
Hemolytic effects of surface roughness of a pump housing in a centrifugal blood pump. (1997)

The surface roughness of artificial blood contacting devices is an important surface property that is closely related to blood cell trauma. The present study investigated the effect of the surface roughness of a pump housing on hemolysis in an impeller-type centrifugal blood pump, a pivot bearing supported Gyro C1E3 pump. The purpose of the study was to determine which part of a housing has the greatest surface roughness effect on hemolysis in a centrifugal pump. Seven Gyro C1E3 pumps were prepared, each with a smooth surface impeller and a housing with differing areas of altered surface roughness. Both top and bottom housings were divided into half subregions, each with the same area. Seven test pumps were produced by subjecting various subregions of the housings to vapor polishing and sandblasting. The treated surfaces were then examined by a surface profile instrument. Using these 7 pumps with different areas of altered housing roughness, in vitro hemolysis tests were performed simulating cardiopulmonary bypass (5 L/min, 350 mm Hg). The results of this study are as follows. First, the surface roughness of the top housing had a greater effect on hemolysis than that of the bottom housing. Second, on the surface of the top housing, the surface roughness of the outer half area had a greater effect on hemolysis than that of the inner half area. Third, on the surface of the bottom housing, the surface roughness of the inner half area had a greater effect on hemolysis than that of the outer half area. These findings concur with previous studies of flow patterns in pumps. Thus, it is expected that the method in this study, comparative in vitro hemolysis tests of the pumps with surfaces of the same roughness but different locations, can be used to detect the high shear area inside a pump.
On the measurement of atmospheric density using dial in the O2 A-band (770 nm) (1986)

Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements in the A-band of molecular oxygen were suggested as a means of profiling atmospheric density. Progress towards this capability is reported.
Genes, Genetics, and Environment in Type 2 Diabetes: Implication in Personalized Medicine (2015)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial anomaly involving 57 genes located on 16 different chromosomes and 136 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Ten genes are located on chromosome 1, followed by seven genes on chromosome 11 and six genes on chromosomes 3. Remaining chromosomes harbor two to five genes. Significantly, chromosomes 13, 14, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y do not have any associated diabetogenic gene. Genetic components have their own pathways encompassing insulin secretion, resistance, signaling, and β-cell dysfunction. Environmental factors include epigenetic changes, nutrition, intrauterine surroundings, and obesity. In addition, ethnicity plays a role in conferring susceptibility to T2D. This scenario poses a challenge toward the development of biomarker for quick disease diagnosis or for generating a consensus to delineate different categories of T2D patients. We believe, before prescribing a generic drug, detailed genotypic information with the background of ethnicity and environmental factors may be taken into consideration. This nonconventional approach is envisaged to be more robust in the context of personalized medicine and perhaps would cause lot less burden on the patient ensuring better management of T2D.
La biologie musculaire et ses conséquences sur la qualité de la viande bovine (2018)

Partie 1 - Production et transformation de la viande bovine (Chapitre 4)
3Parallel magnetic resonance imaging with adaptive radius in k‐space (PARS): Constrained image reconstruction using k‐space locality in radiofrequency coil encoded data (2005)

A parallel image reconstruction algorithm is presented that exploits the k-space locality in radiofrequency (RF) coil encoded data. In RF coil encoding, information relevant to reconstructing an omitted datum rapidly diminishes as a function of k-space separation between the omitted datum and the acquired signal data. The proposed method, parallel magnetic resonance imaging with adaptive radius in k-space (PARS), harnesses this physical property of RF coil encoding via a sliding-kernel approach. Unlike generalized parallel imaging approaches that might typically involve inverting a prohibitively large matrix for arbitrary sampling trajectories, the PARS sliding-kernel approach creates manageable and distributable independent matrices to be inverted, achieving both computational efficiency and numerical stability. An empirical method designed to measure total error power is described, and the total error power of PARS reconstructions is studied over a range of k-space radii and accelerations, revealing "minimal-error" conditions at comparatively modest k-space radii. PARS reconstructions of undersampled in vivo Cartesian and non-Cartesian data sets are shown and are compared selectively with traditional SENSE reconstructions. Various characteristics of the PARS k-space locality constraint (such as the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio and artifact power and the relationship with iterative parallel conjugate gradient approaches or nonparallel gridding approaches) are discussed.
Carbonylation of ethene to acrolein in the presence of the early-late heterobimetallic complex [AsPh4][(.eta.5-C5Me5)2Zr(.mu.-S)2Rh(CO)2].cntdot.THF (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonylation of ethene to acrolein in the presence of the early-late heterobimetallic complex [AsPh4][(.eta.5-C5Me5)2Zr(.mu.-S)2Rh(CO)2].cntdot.THFPhilippe Kalck, Carole Serra, Corinne Machet, Roland Broussier, Bernard Gautheron, Genevieve Delmas, Gwenaelle Trouve, and Marek KubickiCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 4, 1021–1022Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00028a014https://doi.org/10.1021/om00028a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Constituents of Morus bombycis Cortex (2011)

Tyrosinase is one of the important enzymes in the mammalian melanin synthesis. In the process of melanin synthesis, tyrosine is oxidized to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), and DOPA is further oxidized to dopaquinone. Tyrosinase is an enzyme catalyzing this oxidation of tyrosine, so chemicals that inhibit the activity of tyrosinase can be used as skin whitening agents. In this study, we isolated five constituents from the 80% MeOH extract of Morus bombycis cortex by bioactivity-guided fractionation. We performed mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay. As a result, 7,2`,4`-trihydroxyflavanone (1), 2`,4`,2,4,-tetrahydroxychalcone (2), and oxyresveratrol (3) showed the more potent inhibitory effect compared to kojic acid, a well-known skin whitening agent with antityrosinase effect. Moracinoside M (4) and moracin M-3`-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) also showed the moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
SNAP-25 Functional Domains in SNARE Core Complex Assembly and Glutamate Release of Cerebellar Granule Cells (2000)

Synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a member of the SNARE protein complex that has been implicated in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. In this report, we have generated SNAP-25 mutants and assayed their functions in SNARE complex formation and glutamate release from cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. In vitro binding studies show that a deletion mutant lacking the C-terminal 181-206 amino acid sequence inhibits the formation of the SNARE core complex. Additional deletion of an N-terminal 1-31 amino acid sequence abolished this inhibitory activity. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer is used to overexpress wild-type and mutant SNAP-25 in cerebellar granule cells. Neurons overexpressing the wild-type protein show slight reductions in glutamate release, ranging from 10 to 15% in both the developing and mature granule cells. A 30-35% inhibition is obtained with the C-terminal deletion mutant, and the inhibitory effect is abolished in the N- and C-terminal double deletion mutant. These results demonstrate that the SNARE core complex exists in a dynamic and reversible state, and the formation of the core complex is necessary for neurotransmitter release in neurons.
THE PLASMA 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS RESPONSE TO INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (1969)

ABSTRACT The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed in 102 children and adolescents belonging to the following 6 groups: controls (56 subjects), pituitary insufficiency (17 patients), delayed puberty (13 patients), obesity (6 patients), idiopathic precocious sexual development (6 patients) and congenital adrenal virilization (4 patients). All subjects showed hypoglycaemia. The mean percentage of maximal reduction in the blood sugar from the fasting concentration varied from 41 to 50 in all the groups. The control subjects and the patients with delayed puberty, obesity, precocious sexual development and congenital adrenal virilization showed an increase in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) to a mean peak value ranging between 20 and 25 μg/100 ml, measured 60 min after the injection of insulin. From these results it was concluded that a rise in plasma 11-OHCS to a value of 20 μg/100 ml or more after hypoglycaemic stress denotes a normal corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and corticotrophin (ACTH) reserve. The patients with pituitary insufficiency showed 3 types of response independent of the degree of hypoglycaemia: nine patients showed a normal response, four had a medium response and four showed no response. There was a good correlation between lack of response of plasma 11-OHCS induced by hypoglycaemia and the urinary 17-OHCS response during the metopiron test, indicating that both these tests act at the hypothalamic level. Although the rise in plasma 11-OHCS after ITT was less marked than after the lysine vasopressin (LVP) test, it is suggested that the ITT is to be preferred as a clinical screening test, as it permits concomitant evaluation of both ACTH and growth hormone reserve. Another advantage of performing the ITT before the LVP test is that it allows of the diagnosis of a hypothalamic disturbance in ACTH secretion.
Metformin in non-Diabetic Patients Presenting with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Rationale and Design of the Glycometabolic Intervention as Adjunct to Primary Percutaneous Intervention in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (GIPS)-III Trial (2012)

The GIPS-III trial will evaluate the efficacy of metformin treatment to preserve left ventricular ejection fraction in STEMI patients without diabetes.
S0785 Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Receiving Tofacitinib: An Update as of May 2019 (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of UC. In a previous analysis, similar proportions of patients (pts) developed herpes zoster (HZ) with placebo and tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (BID) during induction, whereas HZ events were higher for tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID vs placebo during maintenance [1]. We present an update on HZ in the tofacitinib UC clinical program, as of May 2019. METHODS: HZ incidence rates (IRs; unique pts with events per 100 pt-years of exposure) were evaluated in a Phase (P)2 induction study (NCT00787202), 2 P3 induction studies (NCT01465763; NCT01458951), a P3 maintenance study (NCT01458574) and an ongoing, open-label, long-term extension (OLE) study (NCT01470612). Three cohorts were analyzed: Induction (P2 and P3 induction studies), Maintenance (P3 maintenance study) and Overall (all pts receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg BID in P2/P3/OLE studies [data as of May 2019, database not locked]; ≤ 6.8 years of treatment). Cox regression was used for risk factor analysis. No pre-treatment HZ vaccination was required. RESULTS: HZ IRs are shown in the table. Overall Cohort HZ (non-serious and serious) IR was 3.48 (95% CI 2.79, 4.30). Of all HZ, > 90% were mild/moderate in severity, > 90% were resolved at data cut-off and > 90% were non-serious. Eight (9.2%) pts with HZ permanently discontinued. HZ was limited to 1–2 dermatomes in 63 (5.4%) pts, multidermatomal in 17 (1.5%) pts and disseminated in 7 (0.6%) pts (Table); 4 (4.6%) pts had post-herpetic neuralgia. Older age (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.40 [1.21, 1.63]; P < 0.0001), lower body weight (1.02 [1.01, 1.04]; P < 0.01), North American vs European region (2.14 [1.28, 3.59]; P < 0.05) and prior TNFi failure (1.76 [1.13, 2.74]; P < 0.05) were HZ risk factors. Although not significant in the multivariate model, pts of Asian race had higher HZ risk vs non-Asian pts (univariate model; 1.84 [1.11, 3.06]; P = 0.0187). Baseline steroid use was not a significant risk factor. CONCLUSION: HZ is a known risk with tofacitinib treatment. In the Maintenance Cohort, HZ IR was numerically higher with tofacitinib 10 vs 5 mg BID. Over time in the Overall Cohort, IRs were similar between doses and remained stable vs the previous data cut [1]. Most HZ was non-serious, limited to 1–2 dermatomes. As shown here and in the general population, elderly pts had increased HZ risk. Further study of HZ risk mitigation is warranted for pts with UC receiving tofacitinib.Table 1
IMPROVED COMPUTATIONAL NEUTRONICS METHODS AND VALIDATION PROTOCOLS FOR THE ADVANCED TEST REACTOR (2016)

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is in the process of modernizing the various reactor physics modeling and simulation tools used to support operation and safety assurance of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). Key accomplishments so far have encompassed both computational as well as experimental work. A new suite of stochastic and deterministic transport theory based reactor physics codes and their supporting nuclear data libraries (HELIOS, KENO6/SCALE, NEWT/SCALE, ATTILA, and an extended implementation of MCNP5) has been installed at the INL. Corresponding models of the ATR and ATRC are now operational with all five codes, demonstrating the basic feasibility of the new code packages for their intended purpose. Of particular importance, a set of as-run core depletion HELIOS calculations for all ATR cycles since August 2009 was successfully completed during 2011. This demonstration supported a decision late in the year to proceed with the phased incorporation of the HELIOS methodology into the ATR fuel cycle management process beginning in 2012. On the experimental side of the project, new hardware was fabricated, measurement protocols were finalized, and the first four of six planned physics code validation experiments based on neutron activation spectrometry were conducted at the ATRC facility. Data analysis for the first three experiments, focused on characterization of the neutron spectrum in one of the ATR flux traps, has been completed. The six experiments will ultimately form the basis for a flexible, easily-repeatable ATR physics code validation protocol that is consistent with applicable ASTM standards.
Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) monitoring using high-resolution digital mammography: theory and experimental studies (2002)

Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally-invasive laser hyperthermia procedure for the treatment of localized tumours. Real-time monitoring of LITT is essential to control the extent of tumour destruction and ensure safe and effective treatments. The feasibility of using high-resolution digital x-ray mammography to monitor LITT of breast cancer was evaluated. Tissue phantoms including polyacrylamide hydrogel and cadaver porcine tissue were heated using a 980 nm diode laser delivered through optical fibres with diffusing tips. Digital images of the tissue phantoms were recorded with a high-resolution digital stereotactic breast biopsy system during heating. The recorded images were processed and analysed to detect heat-induced changes. No changes were detected during heating of the hydrogel. Pixel-by-pixel subtraction of the initial image from images taken during laser heating shows observable thermally-induced changes around the fibre during laser irradiation that correlate with the thermal denaturation zone observed by gross anatomy. These experiments demonstrate that high-resolution digital x-ray mammography can be used to detect heat-induced tissue changes during experimental LITT in fibro-fatty tissue.