gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From 3D Sensing to Printing (2015)

Three-dimensional (3D) sensing and printing technologies have reshaped our world in recent years. In this article, a comprehensive overview of techniques related to the pipeline from 3D sensing to printing is provided. We compare the latest 3D sensors and 3D printers and introduce several sensing, postprocessing, and printing techniques available from both commercial deployments and published research. In addition, we demonstrate several devices, software, and experimental results of our related projects to further elaborate details of this process. A case study is conducted to further illustrate the possible tradeoffs during the process of this pipeline. Current progress, future research trends, and potential risks of 3D technologies are also discussed.
Assessment of 80 Gbit/s (4×20 Gbit/s) regeneratedWDM soliton transoceanic transmission (1996)

The authors analyse the design of a novel type of regenerated WDM soliton system combining both techniques of synchronous modulation, and dispersion management. An optimised 4×20 Gbit/s WDM system with amplifier/regenerator spacings of 50/350 km is simulated numerically, showing the potential of the technique for high bit rate soliton systems.
CIENCIA DE PUNTA EN NUCLEARES: CREAN TRAMPA PARA ÁTOMOS (2007)

INTEGRANTES DEL INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS NUCLEARES CREARON UNA TRAMPA MAGNETOOPTICA PARA  TOMOS -UNA DE LAS DOS QUE FUNCIONAN EN EL PAIS-, GRACIAS A LA CUAL HAN PODIDO PRODUCIR NUBES FRIAS FORMADAS POR ALREDEDOR DE 20 MILLONES DE  TOMOS DE RUBIDIO 87. JOSE IGNACIO JIMENEZ MIER Y TER N, INVESTIGADOR DE DICHO INSTITUTO, EXPLICO QUE ESTAS NUBES -LA PRIMERA DE LAS CUALES OBTUVO HACE UNAS SEMANAS- SON EN EXTREMO FRIAS, SU TEMPERATURA ES DE APENAS 10 MILLONESIMAS DE GRADO POR ENCIMA DEL CERO ABSOLUTO, DONDE LOS  TOMOS SE DESPLAZAN INCREIBLEMENTE LENTOS, A TRES CENTIMETROS POR SEGUNDO. SOBRE ESTE LOGRO, EL EXPERTO EXPRESO QUE SIN EL NO SE PODRIA PENSAR EN REALIZAR OTROS EXPERIMENTOS, AUN M S INTERESANTES, QUE RESPONDAN A TEMAS DE FRONTERA COMO EL COMPORTAMIENTO ATOMICO A TEMPERATURAS TAN BAJAS. POR ELLO, YA SE PLANEA PRODUCIR  TOMOS FRIOS DE RB, AUNQUE EN ESTADOS EXITADOS ( TOMOS DE RYDBERG), PARA ESTUDIAR SUS PROPIEDADES. LAS APLICACIONES DE LOS  TOMOS FRIOS PODRIAN SER IMPORTANTES EN EL FUTURO, COMO SU USO EN INFORMACION CU NTICA, YA QUE EN CADENAS DE  TOMOS FRIOS ES POSIBLE ALMACENAR DATOS. O BIEN, ESTUDIAR EL COMPORTAMIENTO DE PLASMAS (GASES IONIZADOS) INCREIBLEMENTE FRIOS, ANADIO. EL CIENTIFICO RECORDO QUE LA TEMPERATURA SE RELACIONA CON QUE TAN R PIDO SE MUEVEN LOS  TOMOS O MOLECULAS DE UN GAS. POR EJEMPLO, LOS DEL AIRE QUE SE RESPIRAN SE DESPLAZAN A 300 METROS POR SEGUNDO, PRECISAMENTE LA VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE. LA RAPIDEZ DE ESE MOVIMIENTO IMPIDE EL ESTUDIO PRECISO DE LOS  TOMOS QUE FORMAN EL GAS. EL EFECTO FISICO QUE OBSTACULIZA ESE AN LISIS DETALLADO ES EL LLAMADO DOPPLER, M S CONOCIDO EN EL SONIDO Y QUE SE PRODUCE, POR EJEMPLO, CUANDO SE OYE LA SIRENA DE UNA PATRULLA, M S AGUDA SI SE ACERCA, Y GRAVE CUANDO SE ALEJA, DETALLO. TAL FENOMENO SE DEBE A QUE CAMBIA LA FRECUENCIA, Y LO MISMO OCURRE CON LA LUZ: SI UN  TOMO SE DESPLAZA, LA FRECUENCIA LUMINICA QUE PERCIBE SE MODIFICA. EN UN GAS, LOS  TOMOS Y MOLECULAS SE MUEVEN POR TODOS LADOS, Y EL EFECTO DOPPLER ESTORBA PARA ESTUDIARLOS BIEN. POR ELLO, HACE ALGUNAS DECADAS Y CONTRARIO A LO QUE PUDIERA PARECER, SE PROPUSO UTILIZAR LA LUZ PARA ENFRIAR  TOMOS, REFIRIO. EN CIENCIA, DIJO EL ESPECIALISTA, EL EXPERIMENTO DEBE SER REPRODUCIBLE. ASI HA OCURRIDO EN ESTE CASO, YA QUE DESDE EL 17 DE AGOSTO PASADO, DIA EN QUE SE OBTUVO LA PRIMERA NUBE, HAN SIDO FORMADAS OTRAS DE IGUAL TAMANO (ESTIMADO EN 20 MILLONES DE  TOMOS) EN LOS DIAS SUBSECUENTES. EL PROYECTO, DONDE TAMBIEN PARTICIPAN EXPERTOS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO Y DE MORELOS, CUENTA CON EL FINANCIAMIENTO DEL PROGRAMA DE APOYO A PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACION E INNOVACION TECNOLOGICA (PAPIIT) DE LA UNAM Y DEL CONACYT.
The hZIP4 transporter has two binding affinities and transports multiple transition metal ions. (2013)

Cells possess numerous membrane proteins to transport essential metal ions across cellular organelles. hZIP4 (human ZIP4) is one member of the ZIP (Zrt‐ and Irt‐like proteins) family of proteins that imports zinc to the cytoplasm. Autosomal mutations in hZIP4 have been associated with the zinc deficient genetic disorder Acrodermatitis Enteropathica . hZIP4 is expressed in small intestine, stomach, colon, cecum, kidney and pancreas. Recently, hZIP4 overexpression has also been associated with the pancreatic cancer. hZIP4 has 8 transmembrane domains with extracellular N‐ and C‐termini. Furthermore, the histidine rich non‐conserved N‐terminus and intracellular domain between transmembrane‐III and IV are believed to be important for Zn 2+ coordination. We have established a radio‐isotope uptake experiment in Xenopus leavis oocytes to study the selectivity and kinetics of hZIP4 cation transport. An analysis of our experimental results demonstrate that hZIP4 transports Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ in addition to Zn 2+ . Our data also shows that hZIP4 has two binding affinities where one is in the μM range and the other one is in nM concentration. Subsequent experiments have also identified possible zinc coordination amino acid residues.
The HECT‐type ubiquitin ligase Tom1 contributes to the turnover of Spo12, a component of the FEAR network, in G2/M phase (2018)

The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression. A previous study suggested that Spo12, a component of the Cdc14 early anaphase release (FEAR) network, is targeted for degradation by the APC/C<sup>C</sup><sup>dh1</sup> complex in G1 phase. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Hect-type ubiquitin ligase Tom1 contributes to the turnover of Spo12 in G2/M phase. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that Tom1 and Spo12 interact. Overexpression of Spo12 is cytotoxic in the absence of Tom1. Notably, Spo12 is degraded in S phase even in the absence of Tom1 and Cdh1, suggesting that an additional E3 ligase(s) also mediates Spo12 degradation. Together, we propose that several distinct degradation pathways control the level of Spo12 during the cell cycle.
A new inductive sensor for online health monitoring of mechanical transmission systems (2015)

Metal debris in lubricating oil contains abundant information regarding the ageing and wear of mechanical transmission systems. The health condition of the lubricated systems can be indicated by the quantity and size of the metal particles, which may provide very early warnings of faults/ failures and benefit the condition based maintenance. Generally speaking, the quantity of the metal debris in oil indicates the ageing rate of the system, while the size shows the severity of the faulty status. Particle diameter under 20μm implies normal wear condition of the system, diameter from 50 μm to 100 μm indicates the infancy failure of the system [1-2]. Inductive sensor, which transforms the quantity and size of the particles into the number and magnitude variation of pulses of coil inductance, is widely used in the online metal debris monitoring systems [1-5].
Phakic intraocular lenses (2002)

Since Zaldivar's review of phakic intraocular lenses in these pages in 2000 [1**], further reports of experience with this technology have emerged. Their relative advantages and disadvantages over competing technologies are becoming clearer. Clinical trials, including Food & Drug Administration (FDA) trials, have shown predictability, stability, and efficacy. Safety of these implants over the long term remains a concern, but in some situations, at least, phakic intraocular lenses are becoming the refractive correction of choice. This brief review looks at the most recent data to emerge regarding phakic intraocular lenses.
Stochastic Online Metric Matching (2019)

We study the minimum-cost metric perfect matching problem under online i.i.d arrivals. We are given a fixed metric with a server at each of the points, and then requests arrive online, each drawn independently from a known probability distribution over the points. Each request has to be matched to a free server, with cost equal to the distance. The goal is to minimize the expected total cost of the matching. Such stochastic arrival models have been widely studied for the maximization variants of the online matching problem; however, the only known result for the minimization problem is a tight $O(\log n)$-competitiveness for the random-order arrival model. This is in contrast with the adversarial model, where an optimal competitive ratio of $O(\log n)$ has long been conjectured and remains a tantalizing open question. In this paper, we show improved results in the i.i.d arrival model. We show how the i.i.d model can be used to give substantially better algorithms: our main result is an $O((\log \log \log n)^2)$-competitive algorithm in this model. Along the way we give a $9$-competitive algorithm for the line and tree metrics. Both results imply a strict separation between the i.i.d model and the adversarial and random order models, both for general metrics and these much-studied metrics.
Fundamental aspects of coal-water fuel droplet combustion and secondary atomization of coal-water mixtures: Final report: Volume 2 (1987)

This Final Report is issued in two volumes, covering research into the combustion of Coal Water Fuels (CWF). The present report, Volume II, covers experiments under Task 2 - ''Secondary Atomization of Coal-Water Mixtures.'' Three methods of improving spray fineness by fuel treatment were investigated - (1) the heating of the CWF under pressure to produce steam as the pressure drops during passage of the CWF through the atomizer nozzle, (2) the absorption of CO/sub 2/ gas in the CWF to produce a similar effect, and (3) the addition of a chemical additive which will cause microexplosions in the droplets upon heating. The effects of disruptive atomization upon CWF spray size distribution were studied using a spray test chamber equipped with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer; the data were fitted to the Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution function. The combustion characteristics of the treated CWFs were investigated in the MIT Combustion Research Facility. The spray chamber tests established that thermally-assisted atomization produced reductions both in the mean droplet size and in the mass fraction of large particles in the spray. For fuel delivery temperatures up to 100/sup 0/C this effect is attributable to lowered fuel viscosity, while further heat ofmore » the CWF (to 150/sup 0/C in these experiments) produces disruptive atomization. In-flame measurements and high speed cine pictures made during combustion tests provided detailed information for comparisons of treated and untreated CWF. Thermally-assisted atomization was the most effective of the methods studied for improving carbon conversion efficiency and reducing fly ash particle size. CO/sub 2/ and picric acid addition techniques showed substantial improvements but they were less effective. 13 refs., 15 figs., 14 tabs.« less
Extracellular Matrix Oxidised by the Granulocyte Oxidants Hypochlorous and Hypobromous Acid Reduces Lung Fibroblast Adhesion and Proliferation In Vitro (2021)

Chronic airway inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, with airway inflammation being a key driving mechanism of oxidative stress in the lungs. Inflammatory responses in the lungs activate neutrophils and/or eosinophils, leading to the generation of hypohalous acids (HOX). These HOX oxidants can damage the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and may influence cell-ECM interactions. The ECM of the lung provides structural, mechanical, and biochemical support for cells and determines the airway structure. One of the critical cells in chronic respiratory disease is the fibroblast. Thus, we hypothesised that primary human lung fibroblasts (PHLF) exposed to an oxidised cell-derived ECM will result in functional changes to the PHLF. Here, we show that PHLF adhesion, proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine secretion is affected by exposure to HOX-induced oxidisation of the cell-derived ECM. Furthermore, we investigated the impact on fibroblast function from the presence of haloamines in the ECM. Haloamines are chemical by-products of HOX and, like the HOX, haloamines can also modify the ECM. In conclusion, this study revealed that oxidising the cell-derived ECM might contribute to functional changes in PHLF, a key mechanism behind the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases.
Detecting Suspicious Behavior From Only Positional Data With Distributed Sensor Networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly popular, and are being used to measure simple properties of their environment. In many applications such as surveillance, we would like them to distinguish “suspicious” behavior automatically. We distinguish here between suspicious and anomalous behavior, and develop a mathematical model which we illustrate on some sample data. We show the model predicts six classic deception strategies. We conclude with analysis of more sophisticated deceptions that exploit system responses to simpler deceptions.
CENTRAL ARTERY: KEEPING A CITY OPEN DURING BYPASS SURGERY (1998)

Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel project gets most of its press these days from its spectacular size and engineering complexity; however, when historians look back, chances are they will consider the project's greatest achievement, and its greatest lesson for other cities, to be the way it kept Boston, Massachusetts, open for business during construction, with traffic moving, the environment intact, and the city's economy booming. During the environmental approval process, hundreds of community meetings and other forums to solicit public views on the highway project and methods of construction were held. Based on the commitments made during this process, design of the project began with mitigations for traffic, dust, and noise included from the beginning. Apart from the commitment to keep the elevated highway open throughout construction, which involves shifting the entire weight of the highway onto the concrete slurry walls of the new underground expressway, key mitigation commitments include shipping project dirt and clay to Boston-area landfills for capping and fill and creating 150 acres (61 ha) of open space in and around the city.
Vesicle trafficking plays a novel role in erythroblast enucleation (2010)

Enucleation of mammalian erythroblasts is a process whose mechanism is largely undefined. The prevailing model suggests that nuclear extrusion occurs via asymmetric cytokinesis. To test this hypothesis, we treated primary erythroblasts with inhibitors of cytokinesis, including blebbistatin, hesperadin, and nocodazole, and then assayed for enucleation. Although these agents inhibited cell-cycle progression and subsequent enucleation when added early in culture, they failed to block enucleation proper when added to postmitotic cells. These results suggest that contraction of the actomyosin ring is not essential for nuclear expulsion. Next, by ultrastructural examination of primary erythroblasts, we observed an accumulation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm proximal to the extruding nucleus. This finding led us to hypothesize that vesicle trafficking contributes to erythroblast enucleation. Here, we show that chemical inhibitors of vesicle trafficking block enucleation of primary erythroblasts without affecting differentiation, cell division, or apoptosis. Moreover, knock-down of clathrin inhibited the enucleation of late erythroblasts. In contrast, vacuolin-1, a small molecule that induces vacuole formation, increased the percentage of enucleated cells. Together, these results illustrate that vesicle trafficking, specifically the formation, movement, and subsequent coalescence of vacuoles at the junction of the nucleus and the cytoplasm, is a critical component of mammalian erythroblast enucleation.
Studies on the New Male-Sterility in Japanese Radish, with Special Reference to the Utilization of this Sterility towerds the Practical Raising of Hybrid Seeds (1967)

departmental bulletin paper
Mechanical Response of Castlegate Sandstone under Hydrostatic Cyclic Loading (2021)

The stress history of rocks in the subsurface affects their mechanical and petrophysical properties. Rocks can often experience repeated cycles of loading and unloading due to fluid pressure fluctuations, which will lead to different mechanical behavior from static conditions. This is of importance for several geophysical and industrial applications, for example, wastewater injection and reservoir storage wells, which generate repeated stress perturbations. Laboratory experiments were conducted with Castlegate sandstone to observe the effects of different cyclic pressure loading conditions on a common reservoir analogue. Each sample was hydrostatically loaded in a triaxial cell to a low effective confining pressure, and either pore pressure or confining pressure was cycled at different rates over the course of a few weeks. Fluid permeability was measured during initial loading and periodically between stress cycles. Samples that undergo cyclic loading experience significantly more inelastic (nonrecoverable) strain compared to samples tested without cyclic hydrostatic loading. Permeability decreases rapidly for all tests during the first few days of testing, but the decrease and variability of permeability after this depend upon the loading conditions of each test. Cycling conditions do affect the mechanical behavior; the elastic moduli decrease with the increasing loading rate and stress cycling. The degree of volumetric strain induced by stress cycles is the major control on permeability change in the sandstones, with less compaction leading to more variation from measurement to measurement. The data indicate that cyclic loading degrades permeability and porosity more than static conditions over a similar period, but the petrophysical properties are dictated more by the hydrostatic loading rate rather than the total length of time stress cycling is imposed.
Selective inhibition of CDK7 reveals high-confidence targets and new models for TFIIH function in transcription (2020)

CDK7 associates with the 10-subunit TFIIH complex and regulates transcription by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Few additional CDK7 substrates are known. Here, using the covalent inhibitor SY-351 and quantitative phosphoproteomics, we identified CDK7 kinase substrates in human cells. Among hundreds of high-confidence targets, the vast majority are unique to CDK7 (i.e., distinct from other transcription-associated kinases), with a subset that suggest novel cellular functions. Transcription-associated factors were predominant CDK7 substrates, including SF3B1, U2AF2, and other splicing components. Accordingly, widespread and diverse splicing defects, such as alternative exon inclusion and intron retention, were characterized in CDK7-inhibited cells. Combined with biochemical assays, we establish that CDK7 directly activates other transcription-associated kinases CDK9, CDK12, and CDK13, invoking a "master regulator" role in transcription. We further demonstrate that TFIIH restricts CDK7 kinase function to the RNAPII CTD, whereas other substrates (e.g., SPT5 and SF3B1) are phosphorylated by the three-subunit CDK-activating kinase (CAK; CCNH, MAT1, and CDK7). These results suggest new models for CDK7 function in transcription and implicate CAK dissociation from TFIIH as essential for kinase activation. This straightforward regulatory strategy ensures CDK7 activation is spatially and temporally linked to transcription, and may apply toward other transcription-associated kinases.
Towards a Definition of “Geometric Verification Specifications” Within the ISO GPS System (2023)

The primary scope of tolerancing is to ensure functional requirements will be met by specifying geometrical tolerances. The duality principle, described within the ISO Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) standards, presents a perspective where the verification conceptually mirrors the specification. While this is a valuable model, further refinement is required to accommodate the different aims of inspection in support of the manufacturing process. This work aims to elaborate on the concept of a "geometrical verification specification" that is subordinate to the functional and/or manufacturing specifications. This verification specification may evolve as additional knowledge of the manufacturing process and inspection resources becomes available. A well-formed geometric verification specification should facilitate an appropriate inspection by any qualified operator, which in turn assures comparable measurement results across multiple instruments and facilities.
Non-interactive cryptocomputing for NC/sup 1/ (2003)

The area of "computing with encrypted data" has been studied by numerous authors in the past twenty years since it is fundamental to understanding properties of encryption and it has many practical applications. The related fundamental area of "secure function evaluation" has been studied since the mid 80's. In its basic two-party case, two parties (Alice and Bob) evaluate a known circuit over private inputs (or a private input and a private circuit). Much attention has been paid to the important issue of minimizing rounds of computation in this model. Namely, the number of communication rounds in which Alice and Bob need to engage in to evaluate a circuit on encrypted data securely. Advancements in these areas have been recognized as open problems and have remained open for a number of years. In this paper we give a one round, and thus round optimal, protocol for secure evaluation of circuits which is in polynomial time for NC/sup 1/ circuits. The protocol involves an input party sending encrypted input to a second party, a cryptocomputer, which evaluates the circuit (or a known circuit over its additional private input) non-interactively, securely and obliviously, and provides the output to the input party without learning it. This improves on previous (general) results that are specialized to the case of NC/sup 1/ circuits and require a constant number of communication rounds. We further suggest applications to network and mobile computing.
Spectroellipsometric characterisation of thin epitaxial Si1–xGexlayers (1995)

AbstractAbstractSpectroscopic ellipsometry is assessed as a toolfor rapid and non-destructive determination of thicknesses and/or Ge concentrations of Si1–xGex epitaxial layers. An algorithmfor the extraction of optical constants from ellipsometric measurements carried out on strained uncapped Si1–xGex layers is developed. The smoothness of the extracted spectra of the Si0·92Ge0·08 optical constants indicates very high accuracy even in the region of the weak absorption. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements of Si capped Si1–xGex layers are interpreted using the established reference data and correlated with results from other techniques. The accuracy of this interpretation for the spectroellipsometric determination of Ge concentration and Si1–xGex layer thickness is numerically predicted. It is suggested that spectroscopic ellipsometry can also be applied to capped Si1–xGex layers ifmore accurate reference data in the low absorption region become available.MST/3295
Application of distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor systems in geo-technical monitoring (2016)

The potential of advanced commercial fiber optical Brillouin Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensor (DSTS) systems for safety monitoring of geo-technical structures such as railroad embankments, tunnel construction, and landslides has been demonstrated.