gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5773: Identification of human hedgehog palmitoylacyltransferase inhibitors to block pancreatic cancer (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is among the leading causes of cancer-related death in the US. The low response rates to standard therapy, and the high recurrence rates following treatment, necessitate having better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease, as well as the development of novel therapies. Here, we propose Human Hedgehog Palmitoylacyltransferase (Hhat) as a novel candidate for successful treatment of pancreatic cancer. Hhat catalyzes attachment of the fatty acid palmitate to the N-terminus of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Shh is a member of the Hedgehog family of secreted proteins which regulate embryonic development. Abnormal overexpression of Shh in the adult has been implicated as an important contributor to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Shh produced by pancreatic cancer cells drives their proliferation, and is involved in paracrine signaling to the cells in the tumor microenvironment. Shh signaling is dependent on Hhat-mediated palmitoylation of Shh. Consequently, inhibiting Hhat could attenuate Shh signaling and offer a way to both decrease pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and disrupt the communication between these cells and the tumor stroma. We have taken two approaches to inhibit Hhat. First, levels of Shh or Hhat in two pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, Panc05.04 and AsPC-1, were reduced using shRNA-mediated knockdown. qPCR analysis verified that specific decreases of 40-80% in Shh and Hhat mRNAs occurred with the respective shRNAs. Knockdown of each gene resulted in decreased Gli1 mRNA levels, confirming that Shh signaling was impaired. Importantly, both Hhat and Shh deficient cells exhibited decreases in anchorage-dependent (40-70%) and anchorage-independent (55-70%) cell proliferation. This suggests that Hhat activity is indeed necessary for Shh signaling and for cell growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells. Our second approach for Hhat inhibition is based on our finding that Hhat is required for the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. We developed an in vitro assay to monitor palmitoylation of a Shh peptide by Hhat. This assay was then miniaturized and optimized for analysis by Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) technology. We have achieved a signal: noise ratio of ∼4:1 with Z’ values &amp;gt;0.5. We are currently performing high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify small molecule inhibitors of Hhat. Our HTS libraries contain over 80,000 compounds including natural and synthetic compounds, marketed drugs, and scaffolded pharmacophores and templates designed for rapid re-synthesis and analog generation. Potential “hits” from the HTS have already been obtained. Our goal is to choose compounds with the greatest inhibitory properties as candidates for development into lead compounds that block pancreatic tumor growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5773.
Professional and public community projects for developing medical futility guidelines (1997)

Although exploration of medical futility usually begins with the professional community, the development of treatment abatement guidelines ought to consider the perspective of the public community as well. The professional and public communities must become partners in order to synthesize the two perspectives into a unified approach to the issue of medical futility. This synthesis is an example on the societal level of shared decision making between patient and physician on the clinical level.
Eco: an ultra-compact low-power wireless sensor node for real-time motion monitoring (2005)

Eco is an ultra-compact wireless sensor node. Only 648 mm/sup 3/ in volume and weighing under 1.6 grams, Eco was initially designed to monitor the spontaneous motion of preterm infants over 2.4 GHz radio links at the maximum data rate of 1 Mbps. The compact form factor and low power consumption also make Eco nodes highly suitable for many other applications, including medicine, environmental monitoring, new computer-human interface, and ambient intelligence. This paper describes the hardware and software designs of the second generation Eco nodes and the host interface. We also present an evaluation and comparison against other popular sensor nodes in the similar class.
Hand Tools Design: Are Biomechanical Criteria the Same as Aesthetic Criteria? a Preliminary Study (2000)

The perception of comfort and discomfort was investigated using a tactile knife-handle sorting task. Sixteen participants (13 males, 3 females) volunteered to perform the study. Due to the preliminary nature of this research the participants were acquaintances of the researchers. The participants were randomly assigned to sorting condition of either Comfort or Discomfort. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was utilized to examine the structural perceptual equivalence of comfort/discomfort conditions on the sorting task. Results indicate that there is little difference in dimensional solutions for comfort versus discomfort, furthermore post hoc inspection of the dimensions and stimuli suggest the participants are using handle length (Dim 1), handle circumference (Dim 2), and surface texture (Dim 3) to group the knife handles. Support for a more in-depth study of comfort/discomfort incorporating attribute ratings and implications for designers are discussed.
<title>Advances in quantum well lasers</title> (1992)

The fabrication and performance characteristics of InGaASP/InP and strained JnGaAS/GaAS InGaAS/IIIP quantum well lasers are described. Recent results on low threshold high power low absorption loss low chirp and low linewidth which results in new system applications are presented. I. SUMMARY Quantum well (QW) lasers fabricated using the AlGaAs/GaAs material system has been extensively studied and these devices show improved performance characteristics than regular double heterostructure lasers. The fabrication of quantum well lasers require very high perfection of materials growth and interfaces. Such high perfection has been achieved using MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) growth technique for In_p based materials. As a result it has been possible to fabricate high performance unstrained and strained InGaAsP/lnP quantum well lasers and examine the performance improvement for system applications. For GaAs based materials QW lasers can be fabricated using both molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and MOCVD growth technique. The principal advantages of QW lasers over regular double heterostructure (1)11) lasers are (i) lower threshold current density (ii) lower optical loss which can result in low threshold current and higher power and (iii) lower dynamic linewidth under modulation which results in longer repeater spacing for optical fiber transmission ms The parameters for optimization of a quantum well laser structure are the well and barrier widths barrier composition and grading for a graded index separate confinement heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) design. The 137 schematic of QW laser
Aluminum(III) speciation with acetate and oxalate. A potentiometric and aluminum-27 NMR study (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAluminum(III) speciation with acetate and oxalate. A potentiometric and aluminum-27 NMR studyFabien Thomas, Armand Masion, Jean Yves Bottero, James Rouiller, Francine Genevrier, and Denis BoudotCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 9, 1553–1559Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00021a004https://doi.org/10.1021/es00021a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views776Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predator-prey dynamics and strategies for control of the red palm mite (Raoiella indica) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in areas of invasion in the Neotropics. (2009)

The red Palm mite, Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) invaded the new world around 2004 and is now reported from the Caribbean islands, Florida, USA and northern South America (Venezuela). Surveys to determine generalist fauna prior to its arrival during the end of 2007 in Florida, reported the predators Amblyseius largoensis, Stethorus utilis, Chrysoperla spp., Aleurodothrips fasciapennis and Bdella distincta in association with diaspidids, aleyorids and tetranychids. Predator density increase was not observed until 6 months after the arrival of R. indica in Florida. Studies on predator composition after the initial detection in 2006 of R. indica in Trinidad and Tobago, indicated that the predaceous mite, A. largoensis increased its densities as the red palm mite grew and spread to new locations. Other reported predators were A. fasciapennis, Bdella spp., Cheletomimus sp., and species of the families Cecidomyiidae and Chrysopidae. Amblyseius largoensis, while preying on the red palm mite in Puerto Rico, has not substantially reduced the high numbers of R. indica. Studies to find exotic and more effective predators of the red palm mite should be intensified.
Operative chest wall stabilization in flail chest—outcomes of patients with or without pulmonary contusion (1998)

In patients with flail chest and respiratory insufficiency without pulmonary contusion, operative chest wall stabilization permits early extubation. Patients with pulmonary contusion do not benefit from chest wall stabilization. Secondary operative chest wall stabilization in these patients is indicated when progressive collapse of the chest wall is evident during weaning from the ventilator.
Wax-Crystal Modification for Fuel Oils by Self-Aggregating Partially Crystallizable Hydrocarbon Block Copolymers (2000)

The quality of life partially depends on the ability to maintain the transportation of goods and people in an efficient and reliable fashion, even under difficult climatic conditions. A well-known problem at low temperatures is the filter blockage of diesel fuel. Fuel oils contain alkanes that precipitate at low temperature as large crystals or spherulites of wax in such a way as to form gels. Thereupon the fuel loses its ability to flow and the transportation system falters or is stopped. The lowest temperature at which the fuel will still flow is known as the pour point. As the temperature approaches that of the pour point, difficulties emerge in transporting the fuel through lines and pump. Furthermore, wax crystals can plug screens and filters at temperatures above the pour point; the so-called cold filter plugging point. To combat this behavior various additives have been developed to depress the pour point or to decrease the size and alter the shape of the wax crystals; e.g., smaller sized crystals are less likely to clog either screens or filters. This paper reports on the use of a crystalline−amorphous diblock copolymer that performs, in its self-assembled state, as an efficient nucleator for the wax in middle distillate fuels.
Paramedic Self‐efficacy and Skill Retention in Pediatric Airway Management (2008)

Training provides increases in self-efficacy, particularly among paramedics from low-call-volume areas. A gap exists between self-efficacy and skill performance, in that self-efficacy may be maintained even when skill performance declines. Pediatric airway skills decay quickly, ETI skills drop off more significantly than BMV skills, and a lecture and demonstration format seems superior to other retraining methods investigated.
Characteristics and natural history of early-stage cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (2022)

Patients with NAC ATTR Stage I ATTR-CM can be further stratified according to NT-proBNP concentration and diuretic requirement at diagnosis. Patients with Stage Ia ATTR-CM have significant cardiovascular morbidity despite good short- and mid-term survival.
Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-stimulated microglia to differentiate into competent dendritic cell-like antigen-presenting cells (2010)

Objective: To examine whether microglia differentiate to dendritic cells (DC) and those DCs can acquire the full characteristic phenotype of mature stimulatory DCs to participate in functional responses. Methods: Isolated microglia were stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and further with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), then phenotypical changes were analysed by their surface antigen expression, cytokine profile and ability to present antigens. Results: Microglia acquire DC markers in the presence of GM-CSF. These GM-CSF-stimulated microglia still do not fully differentiate into mature DCs because of the low expression of mature DC marker CD83 and the high expression of immature DC marker CD209. However, TNF-α further induces their differentiation into DC-like cells by up-regulating the expression of DC-associated antigens. These cells differentiate into CD11c+, CD83high and CD209low mature DCs upon LPS stimulation, effectively present antigen to CD4+ T cells in an antigen-specific manner, and produce DC-like cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-12 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusions: The resident microglia may become mature DCs and function as stimulatory DCs to induce inflammatory autoimmune responses in the CNS. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-1961.2010.00016.x, January 2011)
Structural aspects of the permeability of the microvascular endothelium. (1979)

This article reviews recent findings and current views concerning the structural aspects of microvascular permeability. The vascular endothelium is considered as a simple squamous epithelium which has acquired a remarkably high permeability to water and water soluble solutes (including macromolecules) through a characteristic process of differentiation of its cells. In terms of cellular structures, this differentiation involves an unusually large population of plasmalemmal vesicles. The evidence so far obtained indicates that these vesicles function as (1) mass-carriers of fluid and solutes across the endothelium and as (2) generators of transendothelial channels by concomitant fusion (followed by fission) with both domains (luminal and tissular) of the plasmalemma. The endothelial fenestrae of visceral capillaries are initially transendothelial channels subsequently collapsed to minimal length. The intercellular junctions of the endothelium are not detectably permeable to tracers of diam. greater than or equal to 18--20 A in capillaries, but are focally open to probes of 50--60 A diam. in postcapillary (pericytic) venules. A correlation is attempted between transendothelial channels (and fenestrae) and the pore systems postulated by the pore theory of capillary permeability. The channels appear to function as either small or large pores depending on the porosity of their associated diaphragms and on the size of local strictures along their pathway. Two main components are recognized in the analysis of capillary permeability: 1) a basic component comparable to that of other simple epithelia and involving transport across the plasmalemma and probably along the intercellular junctions (for molecules of diam. greater than or equal to 10 A); and a differentiated component which involves plasmalemmal vesicles and their derivatives (transendothelial channels and fenestrae). The postulated pores of the capillary endothelium are part of this differentiated component. The special situation found in postcapillary venules (focally open junctions) seems to be related to the role played by these vessels in inflammatory reactions.
Estimation of the pore volume at the interface between paper web and press felt (2006)

A method for determining the water content at the interface between a press felt and a paper web has been developed. The water content was obtained by subtracting the estimated volume of the indent ...
Nonlinear Coupled Field Finite Element Procedure for Modeling of Shape Memory Alloy Components in Multi-physics Applications (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a one-dimensional finite element procedure for modeling shape memory alloy components used in multi-physics based applications including MEMS and biomedical applications. The procedure addressed in this paper is based on a sequential solution of two main finite-element procedures which are then combined after each iteration. The procedure was applied to model an SMA wire and the results were compared with corresponding numerical and experimental results from the literature for different loading cases and boundary conditions. The results showed very good agreement with both experimental and numerical results. The procedure was found to be capable of capturing system characteristics such as structural and thermal non-linearity, variable SMA material properties and the ability to model coupled electrical, thermal and structural loading and boundary conditions and was general enough to be extensible to various geometrical shapes and different SMA constitutive models.
Unvoiced Speech Recognition Using Tissue-Conductive Acoustic Sensor (2006)

We present the use of stethoscope and silicon NAM (nonaudible murmur) microphones in automatic speech recognition. NAM microphones are special acoustic sensors, which are attached behind the talker's ear and can capture not only normal (audible) speech, but also very quietly uttered speech (nonaudible murmur). As a result, NAM microphones can be applied in automatic speech recognition systems when privacy is desired in human-machine communication. Moreover, NAM microphones show robustness against noise and they might be used in special systems (speech recognition, speech transform, etc.) for sound-impaired people. Using adaptation techniques and a small amount of training data, we achieved for a 20 k dictation task a word accuracy for nonaudible murmur recognition in a clean environment. In this paper, we also investigate nonaudible murmur recognition in noisy environments and the effect of the Lombard reflex on nonaudible murmur recognition. We also propose three methods to integrate audible speech and nonaudible murmur recognition using a stethoscope NAM microphone with very promising results.
Heat Induced Conformational Changes Generate Mitogenicity to Splenocytes by Sclerogen from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395. (1992)

The fungal mitogen, sclerogen, obtained from sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395 showed significant mitogenic activity to murine splenocytes after heat denaturation in relation to polymerization. To evaluate the conditions generating mitogenicity, we performed several chromatographic and spectral analyses. After heat denaturation of sclerogen, significant reduction of intrinsic fluorescence, significant changes on the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, significant changes on the circular dichroism spectrum, and an extreme change of the surface charge to anionic, were observed. These results strongly suggested that local as well as overall conformational changes of sclerogen associated with a high molecular mass and polyanionic charges are important in generating mitogenicity to murine splenocytes.
Sintering of nanocrystalline powders (2001)

The use nanocrystalline materials for novel applications requires the development of cost effective consolidation methods to generate engineering components. Full consolidation of nanoparticles is a sensitive compromise between initial nanopowder characteristics, the several processing conditions in sintering such as pressure, temperature and time, and microstructural changes such as pore elimination and grain growth. This paper reviews lesses in nanopowder densification and discusses which affer commercial potential for the commercial production of components with nanosize grains.
Purification and properties of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Clostridium perfringens. (1980)

Exo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase has been purified 8000-fold from Clostridium perfringens by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, isoelectric precipitation, and negative adsorption on human O type erythrocytes. The resulting enzyme is active at physiological pH and temperature. Phenyl glycosides, oligosaccharides, mucins, glycolipids, and cell membranes are substrates for this enzyme. The result of enzyme action on blood type A erythrocytes is the loss of A activity and the simultaneous appearance of H activity, characteristic of the O blood group type. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate demonstrates electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate demonstrates that the blood group A-destroying activity is distinct from the other glycosidase activities found in C. perfringens.
Improved neural fitted Q iteration applied to a novel computer gaming and learning benchmark (2011)

Neural batch reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have recently shown to be a powerful tool for model-free reinforcement learning problems. In this paper, we present a novel learning benchmark from the realm of computer games and apply a variant of a neural batch RL algorithm in the scope of this benchmark. Defining the learning problem and appropriately adjusting all relevant parameters is often a tedious task for the researcher who implements and investigates some learning approach. In RL, the suitable choice of the function c of immediate costs is crucial, and, when utilizing multi-layer perceptron neural networks for the purpose of value function approximation, the definition of c must be well aligned with the specific characteristics of this type of function approximator. Determining this alignment is especially tricky, when no a priori knowledge about the task and, hence, about optimal policies is available. To this end, we propose a simple, but effective dynamic scaling heuristic that can be seamlessly integrated into contemporary neural batch RL algorithms. We evaluate the effectiveness of this heuristic in the context of the well-known pole swing-up benchmark as well as in the context of the novel gaming benchmark we are suggesting.