gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An MPC/hybrid system approach to traction control (2006)

This paper describes a hybrid model and a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for solving a traction control problem. The problem is tackled in a systematic way from modeling to control synthesis and implementation. The model is described first in the Hybrid Systems Description Language to obtain a mixed-logical dynamical (MLD) hybrid model of the open-loop system. For the resulting MLD model, we design a receding horizon finite-time optimal controller. The resulting optimal controller is converted to its equivalent piecewise affine form by employing multiparametric programming techniques, and finally experimentally tested on a car prototype. Experiments show that good and robust performance is achieved in a limited development time by avoiding the design of ad hoc supervisory and logical constructs usually required by controllers developed according to standard techniques.
AirSync: Enabling Distributed Multiuser MIMO with Full Spatial\n Multiplexing (2012)

The enormous success of advanced wireless devices is pushing the demand for\nhigher wireless data rates. Denser spectrum reuse through the deployment of\nmore access points per square mile has the potential to successfully meet the\nincreasing demand for more bandwidth. In theory, the best approach to density\nincrease is via distributed multiuser MIMO, where several access points are\nconnected to a central server and operate as a large distributed multi-antenna\naccess point, ensuring that all transmitted signal power serves the purpose of\ndata transmission, rather than creating "interference." In practice, while\nenterprise networks offer a natural setup in which distributed MIMO might be\npossible, there are serious implementation difficulties, the primary one being\nthe need to eliminate phase and timing offsets between the jointly coordinated\naccess points.\n In this paper we propose AirSync, a novel scheme which provides not only time\nbut also phase synchronization, thus enabling distributed MIMO with full\nspatial multiplexing gains. AirSync locks the phase of all access points using\na common reference broadcasted over the air in conjunction with a Kalman filter\nwhich closely tracks the phase drift. We have implemented AirSync as a digital\ncircuit in the FPGA of the WARP radio platform. Our experimental testbed,\ncomprised of two access points and two clients, shows that AirSync is able to\nachieve phase synchronization within a few degrees, and allows the system to\nnearly achieve the theoretical optimal multiplexing gain. We also discuss MAC\nand higher layer aspects of a practical deployment. To the best of our\nknowledge, AirSync offers the first ever realization of the full multiuser MIMO\ngain, namely the ability to increase the number of wireless clients linearly\nwith the number of jointly coordinated access points, without reducing the per\nclient rate.\n
Structural Study of the Micellar Aggregates of Sodium Chenodeoxycholate and Sodium Deoxycholate (1997)

Quasi-elastic light-scattering data of sodium chenodeoxycholate (NaCDC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) show that the micellar size increases upon increasing ionic strength (NaCDC, NaDC, and NaTDC) and upon decreasing temperature and pH (NaCDC and NaDC). Their mean hydrodynamic radii (Rh) are in the following order: NaDC > NaTDC > NaCDC. The difference between the Rh values of NaDC and NaCDC is negligible without NaCl and increases upon increasing the NaCl concentration. The average intensities scattered by 0.01−0.10 M aqueous solutions are in the sequence NaTDC > NaDC > NaCDC. Thus, the growth of NaCDC is less than those of NaDC and NaTDC. The plots of the average intensity vs the square root of the mole fraction show that the experimental data are fitted by one straight line for NaCDC and two straight lines for NaDC and NaTDC, suggesting that the NaCDC or NaDC and NaTDC micellar aggregates can be represented by one or two structures, respectively. Since the Rh and the average intensity values of NaCDC and NaDC with added NaCl decrease by increasing the temperature within the range 15−85 °C, their micellar aggregates are stabilized mainly by polar interactions as well as the helical micellar aggregates previously proposed for NaDC and NaTDC. The decrease of pH causes a slight increase of the Rh values of NaDC and NaCDC up to a certain pH value, where a sudden increase is observed. Circular dichroism spectra of NaDC and NaCDC aqueous solutions above and below the critical micellar concentration indicate that the two salts give rise to different types of aggregation. Those of the interaction complexes between bilirubin-IXα and NaCDC or NaDC or NaTDC suggest that the micellar structures are chiral and helical. The enantioselective abilities of NaDC and NaTDC are somewhat similar, but they are different from that of NaCDC. The X-ray fiber patterns of NaCDC, NaDC, and NaTDC can be interpreted by means of different helices and support the quasi-elastic light-scattering and circular dichroism results.
Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation using Raman microspectroscopy and 532-nm excitation (2008)

The resonant Raman enhancement of hemoglobin (Hb) in the Q band region allows simultaneous identification of oxy- and deoxy-Hb. The heme vibrational bands are well known at 532 nm, but the technique has never been used to determine microvascular Hb oxygen saturation (So(2)) in vivo. We implemented a system for in vivo noninvasive measurements of So(2). A laser light was focused onto areas of 15-30 microm in diameter. Using a microscope coupled to a spectrometer and a cooled detector, Raman spectra were obtained in backscattering geometry. Calibration was performed in vitro using blood at several Hb concentrations, equilibrated at various oxygen tensions. So(2) was estimated by measuring the intensity of Raman signals (peaks) in the 1,355- to 1,380-cm(-1) range (oxidation state marker band nu(4)), as well as from the nu(19) and nu(10) bands (1,500- to 1,650-cm(-1) range). In vivo observations were made in microvessels of anesthetized rats. Glass capillary path length and Hb concentration did not affect So(2) estimations from Raman spectra. The Hb Raman peaks observed in blood were consistent with earlier Raman studies using Hb solutions and isolated cells. The correlation between Raman-based So(2) estimations and So(2) measured by CO-oximetry was highly significant for nu(4), nu(10), and nu(19) bands. The method allowed So(2) determinations in all microvessel types, while diameter and erythrocyte velocity could be measured in the same vessels. Raman microspectroscopy has advantages over other techniques by providing noninvasive and reliable in vivo So(2) determinations in thin tissues, as well as in solid organs and tissues in which transillumination is not possible.
An evaluation of national treatment trends and survival in GIST. (2014)

e21510 Background: Systemic therapy (ST) for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has changed considerably. Real-world data on changing patterns of therapy, including adjuvant management, are sparse. This study evaluated current treatment patterns and survival among patients receiving imatinib for GIST across 3 databases. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 09/2003–12/2011 utilizing pharmacy/medical data from 3 claims databases. Patients with a GIST-related ICD-9 code imatinib with minimum eligibility of 6 months prior and 12 months post (6 months post in database 3) their 1st GIST diagnosis were eligible. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: surgical (S) and non-surgical (NS). All patients were followed to end of study period or loss of continuous eligibility. ST treatment patterns and survival were evaluated. Results: Across the 3 databases, 57, 98, and 276 patientsmet all inclusion criteria. Approximately 1/2 of all cohorts received 2L therapy, most commonly imatinib monotherapy. 3L therapy was received by <1/3 of patients in each cohort. Imatinib monotherapy was the most commonly utilized 3L treatment in each cohort with the exclusion of S patients in the 2nd database. Based upon survival data available in database 1, 29% of NS and 15% of S patients died during the study period. NS patients were more likely to die compared to S patients (HR=2.486; p=0.1286), although this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Over half of all patients receiving imatinib undergo surgery. Among both S and NS patients, 2L therapy for GIST was dominated by imatinib, while 3L therapy was dominated by imatinib or sunitinib. S patients had improved survival although not statistically significant compared to NS patients. 1 1 2 2 3 3 NS (n=24) S (n=33) NS (n=36) S (n=62) NS (n=120) S (n=156) 2L therapy (n,%) 12 (50) 19 (58) 15 (42) 28 (45) 67 (56) 64 (41) Imatinib 8 (67) 12 (63) 6 (40) 20 (71) 37 (55) 46 (72) Sunitinib 1 (8) 2 (11) 4 (27) 4 (14) 7 (11) 5 (8) Other GIST 1 (8) 3 (16) 5 (33) 4 (14) 21 (31) 9 (14) Other non-GIST 2 (17) 2 (11) - - 2 (3) 4 (6) 3L therapy 3 (13) 10 (30) 7 (19) 12 (19) 39 (33) 32 (21) Imatinib 2 (67) 6 (60) 2 (29) 2 (17) 16 (41) 19 (59) Sunitinib 1 (33) - 2 (29) 6 (50) 6 (15) 5 (16) Other GIST - 3 (30) 2 (29) 2 (17) 12 (31) 6 (19) Other non-GIST - 1 (10) 1 (14) 2 (17) 5 (13) 2 (6)
Performance Analysis of Connectivity and Localization in Multi-Hop\n Underwater Optical Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

Underwater optical wireless links have limited range and intermittent\nconnectivity due to the hostile aquatic channel impairments and misalignment\nbetween the optical transceivers. Therefore, multi-hop communication can expand\nthe communication range, enhance network connectivity, and provide a more\nprecise network localization scheme. In this regard, this paper investigates\nthe connectivity of underwater optical wireless sensor networks (UOWSNs) and\nits impacts on the network localization performance. Firstly, we model UOWSNs\nas randomly scaled sector graphs where the connection between sensors is\nestablished by point-to-point directed links. Thereafter, the probability of\nnetwork connectivity is analytically derived as a function of network density,\ncommunication range, and optical transmitters' divergence angle. Secondly, the\nnetwork localization problem is formulated as an unconstrained optimization\nproblem and solved using the conjugate gradient technique. Numerical results\nshow that different network parameters such as the number of nodes, divergence\nangle, and transmission range significantly influence the probability of a\nconnected network. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed localization\ntechnique is compared to well-known network localization schemes and the\nresults show that the localization accuracy of the proposed technique\noutperforms the literature in terms of network connectivity, ranging error, and\nnumber of anchors.\n
Investigating the Effect of Solvent Composition on Ink Structure and Crack Formation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers (2023)

Abstract To improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), controlling the microstructure of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) catalyst layer is crucial. The ink design, which includes a catalyst, an ionomer, and a solvent, serves as the starting point for controlling the microstructure of the catalyst layer. However, there is a significant lack of understanding of the ink structure required for this purpose. In this study, we investigate the effect of the solvent, a key component that determines the ink structure. The ink comprises 20 wt% Pt/C, short-side-chain (SSC) Aquivion ionomer, and a solvent mixture of 1-propanol (NPA) and water. Three types of inks with different compositions of NPA and water are manufactured, and their stability and rheological properties are measured to infer and compare the ink structures. Furthermore, the crack characteristics of the catalyst layer are compared by directly coating the ink onto the electrolyte membrane using the doctor-blade method. In the ink with a high water content, we observed a gel-like elastic behavior dominated by network structures formed by ionomers adsorbed between catalyst particles. In contrast, the ink with a high NPA content exhibited a liquid-like viscous behavior dominated by well-dispersed catalyst particles and ionomers. These properties of the inks directly influenced the crack formation characteristics after coating. Specifically, the strong liquid properties of the NPA-rich ink were found to suppress crack formation in the catalyst layer. These findings provide important insights into how the solvent composition affects ink structure and how it, in turn, influences crack formation in the catalyst layer, which can help optimize the ink design to improve the performance of PEMFCs.
ChemInform Abstract: HERST. DER EPIMEREN VON 2‐METHYL‐3‐KETO‐ UND 3‐METHYL‐2‐KETO‐STEROIDEN UNTER VERW. DER 2‐LITHIO‐1,3‐DITHIAN‐RK. (1970)

Abstract Umsetzung des 2α,3α‐Oxido‐5α‐cholestans (I) mit 2‐Lithio‐1,3‐dithian in Tetrahydrofuran (1 Woche bei 0°C) ergibt 2β‐Dithianyl‐3α‐hydroxy‐5α‐cholestan (II) (84% Ausbeute), durch dessen Entschwefelung mit Raney‐Nickel in Äthanol das 2β‐Methyl‐3α‐hydroxy‐Derivat (III) (85%) entsteht.
Application of Compressive Strain Capacity Models to Multiple Grades of Pipelines (2014)

Local buckling due to excessive compressive strain generated by bending and/or longitudinal compression is one of the main threats to pipeline integrity. Strain-based design and assessment (SBDA) methods have been developed for designing and maintaining pipelines under high longitudinal strain. In SBDA, the resistance to local buckling is often measured by compressive strain capacity. Extensive work has been performed on the compressive strain capacity of pipes through both experimental and numerical modeling. Models for calculating the compressive strain capacity have been developed over many decades. Some earlier models were developed using experimental test data of low strength linepipes. High strength linepipes are being increasingly used for the construction of new pipelines. The applicability of the existing models to modern high strength pipelines needs to be evaluated. In this paper, selected compressive strain capacity models were reviewed and evaluated. An experimental database of 61 experimental tests from public-domain publications was created. Approximately 34% of the testing data are from high strength pipes (primarily X80). The calculated compressive strain capacity from the selected models was compared with the test results. The performance of the selected models was evaluated and the applicability of the models to the linepipes of different strengths was discussed.
Multiple scattering by a planar array of parallel dielectric cylinders (1990)

We are engaged in a research effort to design modulated ribbon gratings that are composed of a number of parallel, dielectric cylinders joined by flat sections of dielectric material. As an important first step in this work, we have solved for the multiply scattered field from a planar array of N parallel dielectric cylinders. The multiple-scattering model takes into account all contributions to the excitation of a particular cylinder by the radiation scattered from the remaining cylinders. A common approach to calculating the field scattered by two or more parallel cylinders is to express the multiple-scattering linear equations in matrix form and then to solve the matrix expression for the multiple scattering coefficients by iterative refinement or matrix inversion. However, when the expansion of the matrix expression is divergent, the iterative refinement method is also divergent. In addition, the matrix inversion approach fails for ill-conditioned matrices.
Doping‐induced coloration in titania (2021)

Abstract Thermal decomposition of Ti 3 GeC 2 MAX phase at 1773 K yields an orange‐colored titania powder. Micro‐XRD of the powder under oscillation mode reveals a pure rutile phase ( space group P42/ mnm ). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed substitutional doping of Ge in the titania lattice. The presence of Ti‐O‐Ge bond was observed in O 1s spectrum and confirmed by the shift in binding energy in Ti 2p 3/2 and Ge 3d peaks. The UV‐visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum studies on the Ge‐doped titania powder show wide absorption in the visible region (380 to 650 nm) yielding a bandgap of 2.83 eV, which is desirable for photocatalytic applications. Defect states formed due to Ge doping led to lowering of the titania conduction band inducing an orange coloration in the powder.
Protection of HIV Neutralizing Aptamers against Rectal and Vaginal Nucleases (2010)

RNA-based drugs are an emerging class of therapeutics. They have the potential to regulate proteins, chromatin, as well as bind to specific proteins of interest in the form of aptamers. These aptamers are protected from nuclease attack by chemical modifications that enhance their stability for in vivo usage. However, nucleases are ubiquitous, and as we have yet to characterize the entire human microbiome it is likely that many nucleases are yet to be identified. Any novel, unusual enzymes present in vivo might reduce the efficacy of RNA-based therapeutics, even when they are chemically modified. We have previously identified an RNA-based aptamer capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of clinical HIV-1 isolates and are developing it as a vaginal and rectal microbicide candidate. As a first step we addressed aptamer stability in the milieu of proteins present in these environments. Here we uncover a number of different nucleases that are able to rapidly degrade 2'-F-modified RNA. We demonstrate that the aptamer can be protected from the nuclease(s) present in the vaginal setting, without affecting its antiviral activity, by replacement of key positions with 2'-O-Me-modified nucleotides. Finally, we show that the aptamer can be protected from all nucleases present in both vaginal and rectal compartments using Zn(2+) cations. In conclusion we have derived a stable, antiviral RNA-based aptamer that could form the basis of a pre-exposure microbicide or be a valuable addition to the current tenofovir-based microbicide candidate undergoing clinical trials.
Le couplage du récepteur bêta-adrénergique à la protéine Gs dans l'encéphale de rat : mise en évidence d'une modulation physiologique (1999)

Les recepteurs β-adrenergiques WAR) du systeme nerveux central ne sont que relativement peu etudies compares a ceux de la peripherie. Ce travail tente de caracteriser les couplages des βAR centraux de rat avec les proteines G8 et l'adenylate cyclase, afin de mettre en evidence d'eventuelles differences avec ceux des organes peripheriques. En presence d'agoniste, les βAR centraux et peripheriques presentent deux etats differents, dits de basse et de haute affinite. Ce dernier etat est responsable de la transmission du signal, ce que nous confirmons en observant l'augmentation de I'AMPc forme dans des coupes de cortex et de cervelet de rat en reponse a la stimulation des βAR. L'etat de haute affinite est du a la liaison directe entre βAR et proteine G8. En peripherie, un exces de GTP ou d'un analogue - comme le 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp) - induit la rupture des liaisons des proteines G8 aux recepteurs ; ces derniers prennent alors tous un etat de basse affinite. On constate que cette conversion n'est que tres partielle dans les synaptosomes de cortex et de cervelet, mais totale dans les astrocytes de rat en culture. A l'etat basal comme a l'etat active, les activites des proteines G8 sont au moins deux fois plus importantes pour les astrocytes en culture comparees a celles des synaptosomes. Apres un traitement menage des synaptosomes par un detergent puis l'extraction de la partie soluble, les recepteurs de haute affinite - dont les proportions sont nettement augmentees - deviennent totalement sensibles a l'exces de GppNHp et les activites des proteines G8 sont doublees. En revanche, ce traitement n'a pas d'effet significatif sur les astrocytes en culture. La partie soluble permet, dans des experiences de reconstitution avec les membranes traitees par le detergent, de reconstruire ou meme d'induire dans le cas des astrocytes en culture une insensibilite totale des βAR de haute affinite, dont la proportion depend de la quantite de partie soluble introduite. L'ensemble de ces resultats suggerent la presence dans le systeme nerveux central de rat d'un facteur d'insensibilite au GppNHp, probablement proteique, capable de s'associer au proteines G8. Ce facteur pourrait jouer un role de regulateur dans la transmission du signal du βAR mais aussi d'autres recepteurs associes a des proteines G8.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Deuterated and Bromine Substituted Olefins from Dialkylboryl Alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes. (1986)

Abstract Aus den Borylyliden (I) entstehen mit Deuteromethanol (II) die deuterierten Ylide (III), die mit den Aldehyden (IV) die Olefine (V) ergeben.
A Ka-Band PIN-Diode Switch with Extremely Large On-Off Ratio (2005)

The performance of a Ka-Band PIN-diode switch. configured in double-ridged WR-28 waveguide and composed of up to six contiguous, self-contained modules is described. The large isalation, greater than 70 dB in the OFF state, while maintaining 1 dB minimum insertion loss in the ON state, is obtained through the application of the traveling-wave concept. The switch at present exhibits in excess of 10% bandwidth near 35 GHz in both states. Switching times of the silicon mesa diades, measured on several completed assemblies, is 10-15 nanoseconds from OFF to ON state and less than five nanoseconds in the reverse sequence. These results are compared with predictions based on a cascaded circuit model using measured diode, parasitic and transmission line elements. The empirical relationship af peak power and switching times in PIN-diodes are used to predict the performance of a fully developed K/sub a/-Band PIN-diode switch.
What the Lung Has Taught Us about Latent TGF-β Activation (2008)

In the December 2007 issue of the Journal, Koth and colleagues show that the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β can claim influence over yet one more process: surfactant homeostasis (1). The key to this discovery was the observation that mice lacking an important lung epithelium integrin, αvβ6, which activates the latent form of TGF-β, have foamy-appearing alveolar macrophages. This result adds to a growing list of TGF-β functions in the lung that are downstream of αvβ6-mediated TGF-β activation.
Meeting report:Iraq oil ministry needs assessment workshop.3-5 Septemner 2006 (2006)

Representatives from the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Nuclear Security Administration, and Sandia National Laboratories met with mid-level representatives from Iraq's oil and gas companies and with former employees and senior managers of Iraq's Ministry of Oil September 3-5 in Amman, Jordan. The goals of the workshop were to assess the needs of the Iraqi Oil Ministry and industry, to provide information about capabilities at DOE and the national laboratories relevant to Iraq, and to develop ideas for potential projects.