gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of finite integrator gain bandwidth on continuous-time sigma delta modulators (2003)

This paper presents analytical considerations on the gain-bandwidth requirements in continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators with rectangular and decaying feedback pulse forms. Therefore the influence of finite GBW is modelled as an integrator gain error and an additional loop delay in the feedback path, or as a slowdown of the feedback slope respectively. The presented models provide a very good insight into the influence of finite gain-bandwidth on the performance of continuous-time modulators. Additionally it could be shown, that the bandwidth can be chosen much lower as usually done in designs, and moreover, that it should be possible to reduce its influence by coefficient tuning. Both, the model and the analytical considerations are proven by simulations.
Effects of ET-1 on water and chloride transport in cortical collecting ducts of the rat (1993)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known as a vasoconstrictor peptide. However, recent reports suggested the effects on the transport of renal tubule. We previously reported that ET-1 inhibited arginine vasopressin (AVP)-dependent adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in rat collecting ducts. Physiologically, ET-1 reversibly and significantly inhibited AVP-stimulated water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). We therefore investigated the effects on water and electrolyte transport in rat cortical collecting ducts (CCD), where Na and Cl are actively reabsorbed more than in IMCD. Pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 80-120 g were used after treatment with deoxycorticosterone pivalate for 1-2 wk. Isolated CCD were microperfused in vitro. The Cl concentration was measured by a continuous-flow ultra-microcolorimeter, and the raffinose concentration was measured as a volume marker by a continuous-flow ultra-microfluorometer. In the presence of 10(-9) M AVP, 10(-8) M ET-1 significantly inhibited fluid absorption (nl.mm-1 x min-1) from 0.25 +/- 0.02 to 0.15 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE, n = 6, P < 0.01), Cl absorption (pmol.mm-1 x min-1) from 30. 6 +/- 2.8 to 14.9 +/- 4.0 (P < 0.01), and potential difference (mV) from -5.4 +/- 1.3 to -4.0 +/- 1.2 (P < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in the lower concentration of 10(-10) M AVP and 10(-10) M ET-1. As for the osmotic water permeability (microns/s), 10(-8) M ET-1 significantly inhibited this from 320.1 +/- 50.9 to 202.1 +/- 42.2 (n = 7, P < 0.01) in the presence of 10(-9) M AVP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of a Putative α-Helix across the Capsid-SP1 Boundary That Is Critical for the Multimerization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag (2002)

A 14-amino-acid spacer peptide termed SP1 that separates the capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) sequences plays an active role in the assembly of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. This activity of SP1 involves its amino-terminal residues that, together with adjacent CA residues, constitute a putative alpha-helical structure spanning Gag residues from positions 359 to 371. In this study, we have determined that the virus assembly determinants within this putative alpha-helix were residues H359, K360, A361, L364, A367, and M368, of which K360 and A367 contribute to virus production to lesser extents. Notably, changes of the two basic amino acids H359 and K360 to arginine (R) impaired virus production, whereas mutations L364I and M368I, in contrast to L364A and M368A, generated near-wild-type levels of virus particles. This suggests that within Gag complexes, amino acids H359 and K360 are involved in stricter steric interactions than L364 and M368. Since L364 and M368 are separated by four residues and thus presumably located on the same side of the helical surface, they may initiate synergistic hydrophobic interactions to stabilize Gag association. Further analysis in the context of the protease-negative mutation D185H confirmed the key roles of amino acids H359, A361, L364, and M368 in virus assembly. Importantly, when transfected cells were subjected to Dounce homogenization and the cell lysates were treated by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 x g, Gag molecules containing each of the H359A, A361V, L364A, and M368A mutations were found mainly in the supernatant fraction (S100), whereas approximately 80% of wild-type Gag proteins were found in the pellet. Therefore, these four mutations must have prevented Gag from generating large complexes.
Fracture Toughness Testing Methods (1965)

A comprehensive survey is presented of current methods of fracture toughness testing that are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. General principles are discussed in relation to the basic two-dimensional crack-stress field model, and in relation to real, three-dimensional specimens. The designs and necessary dimensions of specimens for mixed mode and opening mode (plane-strain) crack toughness measurements are considered in detail. Methods of test instrumentation and procedure are described. Expressions for calculation of crack toughness values are given for the common types of specimens.
Estrus-Related Odors in Cows: Time of Occurrence (1981)

One Catahoula Leopard Cowdog and three German Shepherd dogs, previously trained to detect odors characteristic of estrus in cows, were used in three experiments to determine when estrus-related odor first appears, how long it persists, and when it disappears in relation to time of estrus. Samples were swabs of reproductive tract fluids taken from vaginas of cycling cows on the day of estrus, at diestrus (8 to 10 days after estrus), and at daily intervals before and after estrus. Estrous odor emerges slowly during the 3 days before estrus, reaches a definite peak in intensity on the day of estrus, and disappears within 1 day thereafter.
Table S2 from TGFBI Production by Macrophages Contributes to an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CIBERSORT results of the TGFBI high/low samples in the TCGA and ICGC datasets&lt;/p&gt;
Show or Tell? Demonstration is More Robust to Changes in Shared\n Perception than Explanation (2020)

Successful teaching entails a complex interaction between a teacher and a\nlearner. The teacher must select and convey information based on what they\nthink the learner perceives and believes. Teaching always involves misaligned\nbeliefs, but studies of pedagogy often focus on situations where teachers and\nlearners share perceptions. Nonetheless, a teacher and learner may not always\nexperience or attend to the same aspects of the environment. Here, we study how\nmisaligned perceptions influence communication. We hypothesize that the\nefficacy of different forms of communication depends on the shared perceptual\nstate between teacher and learner. We develop a cooperative teaching game to\ntest whether concrete mediums (demonstrations, or "showing") are more robust\nthan abstract ones (language, or "telling") when the teacher and learner are\nnot perceptually aligned. We find evidence that (1) language-based teaching is\nmore affected by perceptual misalignment, but (2) demonstration-based teaching\nis less likely to convey nuanced information. We discuss implications for human\npedagogy and machine learning.\n
Expanding Eligibility for Outpatient Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism With Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (1998)

We demonstrate that more than 80% of patients at our tertiary care hospital could be treated at home using 1 of the 2 models of care we describe. Our results demonstrate that patients can safely and effectively perform home self-injection under the supervision of a hospital-based nurse. Injections at home by a homecare nurse are similarly effective. Our overall rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism, bleeding, and death are at least as favorable as those previously reported despite using 1 dose per day of dalteparin for most patients.
A high-efficiency vertical-cavity surface-emitting switching laser fabricated with post-growth cavity mode positioning (1993)

The first room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of the double heterostructure optoelectronic switching laser implemented as a vertical-cavity laser is described. A deposited dielectric top reflector of SiO/sub 2//TiO/sub 2/ allowed the use of a cavity etch back technique after the sample was grown, to position the cavity mode at the desired wavelength. Room temperature CW threshold currents as low as 4.8 mA for a 14- mu m-diameter device were obtained with slope efficiencies of 0.45 mW/mA. The maximum CW output power was 2.5 mW and the resistivity was 4*10/sup -4/ Omega cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Environmentally Benign Halloysite Nanotube Multilayer Assembly Significantly Reduces Polyurethane Flammability (2017)

Abstract In an effort to develop a more environmentally benign flame retardant for polyurethane foam (PUF), layers of halloysite clay nanotubes (HNT) stabilized by branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are deposited from aqueous suspensions to create multilayered nanocomposite coatings. PUF is very flammable and widely used in upholstered furniture throughout the world. Foam treated with five BPEI‐HNT/PAA‐HNT bilayers, deposited using layer‐by‐layer assembly, is rendered self‐extinguishing in open flame testing. Cone calorimetry reveals that this coating reduces the peak heat release rate (pkHRR) by 62%. Due to the tubular morphology of HNT, small volatile gasses given off during combustion are trapped, so total smoke release (TSR) is reduced by 60%. Infrared spectroscopy suggests this multilayer film survives during combustion, forming an HNT‐rich barrier that prevents mass and energy transfer during open flame testing and calorimetry. The significant reductions in pkHRR and TSR, along with the self‐extinguishing behavior, indicate that these halloysite‐based multilayer films have the potential to greatly improve PUF fire safety. The low cost and natural abundance of HNT makes this technology especially amenable to widespread use.
THE PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT OF A DRIVER-VEHICLE INTERFACE FOR A TRANSIT BUS COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (2002)

Presented are the methods and findings of a study focused on the preliminary development of a driver-vehicle interface (DVI) for a transit bus frontal and side collision avoidance system (CAS). The overall approach to the projects involved tapping the expertise and experience of transit bus driving instructors and operators, and drawing on past passenger and commercial vehicle collision warning and avoidance system (CW/AS) research. Using these two sources of information, the transit bus operating environment was characterized and preliminary CAS system requirements and functions were identified. Based on an understanding of the transit bus environment and CAS functionality, an initial set of transit bus CAS DVI display concepts was generated. Recommendation for future human factors testing and evaluation of the preliminary display concepts are proposed.
<title>Optimizing the choice of an image-interpolating function</title> (1996)

Noise exists in every practical signal, but it is seldom taken into consideration when one studies or performs interpolation. In this paper, we investigate the effect of noise on the performance of an interpolating function. Using this study, we propose a distortion measure that can be used as a basis for selecting an interpolating function for a practical signal. Attention is given to both uncorrelated noise and CT (computed tomography) noise. We have developed an algorithm to estimate this measure from representative images, and use both simulated and real CT images to show that selection of the interpolating function based on this distortion measure leads to a more accurate and efficient interpolation.
The Triple‐Bond Metathesis of Aryldiazonium Salts: A Prospect for Dinitrogen Cleavage (2015)

Abstract The {N 2 } unit of aryldiazonium salts undergoes unusually facile triple‐bond metathesis on treatment with molybdenum or tungsten alkylidyne ate complexes endowed with triphenylsilanolate ligands. The reaction transforms the alkylidyne unit into a nitrile and the aryldiazonium entity into an imido ligand on the metal center, as unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray structure analysis of two representative examples. A tungsten nitride ate complex is shown to react analogously. Since the bonding situation of an aryldiazonium salt is similar to that of metal complexes with end‐on‐bound dinitrogen, in which {N 2 }→M σ donation is dominant and electron back donation minimal, the metathesis described herein is thought to be a conceptually novel strategy toward dinitrogen cleavage devoid of any redox steps and, therefore, orthogonal to the established methods.
Swarm Intelligence Platform for Multiblock Polymer Inverse Formulation Design (2016)

Multiblock polymers (MBPs) show great promise as a platform for synthesizing materials with highly customized nanostructures. In these systems, the subtle balance of chain configurational entropy and interactions between dissimilar block chemistries emerge a rich palette of self-assembled structural motifs that may be leveraged to impart novel functional, mechanical, or optical properties to the final material. Unfortunately, extensive study of MBP self-assembly has yielded few reliable heuristics for intuitively navigating the enormous molecular design space made available by modern polymer synthesis techniques. In order to make progress, new methods must be developed that allow researchers to efficiently screen molecular designs for achieving a desired state of self-assembly. Here, we introduce a platform for the automated discovery of tailored MBP formulations based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and a linear multiblock chain parametrization that enables continuous optimization of chain architecture. We apply the method to thin-film blends of linear ABC triblock polymers subject to lateral confinement, allowing all polymer and blend parameters to freely optimize in search of a prespecified, nontrivial target morphology. While we focus on pattern selection as a proof of principle, any computable equilibrium property can be optimized using the methods described here.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation and Scheduling for Multicast of Scalable Video Over Wireless Networks (2012)

In this paper, we investigate optimal resource allocation and scheduling for scalable video multicast over wireless networks. The wireless video multicasting is a best-effort service which has limited transmission energy and channel access time. To cater for multi-resolution videos to heterogeneous clients and for channel adaptation, we adopt scalable video coding (SVC) with spatial, temporal and quality scalabilities. Our scalable video multicast system consists of a channel probing stage to gather the channel state information and a transmission stage to multicast videos to clients. We formulate the optimal resource allocation problem by maximizing the video quality of the clients subject to transmission energy and channel access constraints. We show that the problem is a joint optimization of the selection of modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and the transmission power allocation. By imposing a quality-of-service (QoS) constraint on the packet loss rate, we simplify the original problem to a binary knapsack problem which can be solved by a dynamic programming approach. Specifically, we first propose a multicast scheduling scheme based on the quality impact of each SVC layer. Guided by the content-aware multicast scheduling, we optimize the resource allocation for each SVC layer sequentially. Solution at each step takes into account of the channel condition, remaining resources, and client requirements. The proposed scheme is of linear complexity and leads to the maximized video quality for the admitted clients, while satisfying the energy budget and channel access constraints. Experiment results demonstrate that our scheme achieves notable video quality improvements for multicast clients, when compared to the state-of-the-art video multicast method.
Using RTL Statespace Information and State Encoding for Induction Based Property Checking (2003)

This paper focuses on checking safety properties for sequential circuits specified on the RT-level. We study how different state encodings can be used to create a gate-level representation of the circuit that facilitates the computation of effective invariants for induction-based property checking. Our experiments show the strong impact of state encoding on the efficiency of the induction process.
Immediate Postsurgical Prosthetic Fitting: A System of Amputee Management (1971)

Immediate postsurgical prosthetic fitting has resulted in improved wound healing, reduction of complications, rapid stump maturation, and neurophysiological and psychological benefits to patients. Successfully lowering the level of amputation in the lower extremity is one of the major benefits of the program.
Traceable Reference Full Metrology Chain for Innovative Aspheric and Freeform Optical Surfaces Accurate at the Nanometer Level (2021)

The design of innovative reference aspheric and freeform optical elements was investigated with the aim of calibration and verification of ultra-high accurate measurement systems. The verification is dedicated to form error analysis of aspherical and freeform optical surfaces based on minimum zone fitting. Two thermo-invariant material measures were designed, manufactured using a magnetorheological finishing process and selected for the evaluation of a number of ultra-high-precision measurement machines. All collected data sets were analysed using the implemented robust reference minimum zone (Hybrid Trust Region) fitting algorithm to extract the values of form error. Agreement among the results of several partners was observed, which demonstrates the establishment of a traceable reference full metrology chain for aspherical and freeform optical surfaces with small amplitudes.
The autophagy-inducing kinases, ULK1 and ULK2, regulate axon guidance in the developing mouse forebrain via a noncanonical pathway (2017)

Mammalian ULK1 (unc-51 like kinase 1) and ULK2, Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-51, and Drosophila melanogaster Atg1 are serine/threonine kinases that regulate flux through the autophagy pathway in response to various types of cellular stress. C. elegans UNC-51 and D. melanogaster Atg1 also promote axonal growth and defasciculation; disruption of these genes results in defective axon guidance in invertebrates. Although disrupting ULK1/2 function impairs normal neurite outgrowth in vitro, the role of ULK1 and ULK2 in the developing brain remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that ULK1 and ULK2 are required for proper projection of axons in the forebrain. Mice lacking Ulk1 and Ulk2 in their central nervous systems showed defects in axonal pathfinding and defasciculation affecting the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, corticothalamic axons and thalamocortical axons. These defects impaired the midline crossing of callosal axons and caused hypoplasia of the anterior commissure and disorganization of the somatosensory cortex. The axon guidance defects observed in ulk1/2 double-knockout mice and central nervous system-specific (Nes-Cre) Ulk1/2-conditional double-knockout mice were not recapitulated in mice lacking other autophagy genes (i.e., Atg7 or Rb1cc1 [RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1]). The brains of Ulk1/2-deficient mice did not show stem cell defects previously attributed to defective autophagy in ambra1 (autophagy/Beclin 1 regulator 1)- and Rb1cc1-deficient mice or accumulation of SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1)<sup>+</sup> or ubiquitin<sup>+</sup> deposits. Together, these data demonstrate that ULK1 and ULK2 regulate axon guidance during mammalian brain development via a noncanonical (i.e., autophagy-independent) pathway.
DOE-sponsored cable aging research at Sandia National Laboratories (1995)

Cables have been identified as critical components requiring detailed technical evaluation for extending the lifetime of Light Water Reactors beyond 40 years. This paper highlights some of the DOE-sponsored cable aging studies currently underway at Sandia. These studies are focused on two important issues: the validity of the often-used Arrhenius thermal aging prediction method and methods for predicting lifetimes in combined thermal-radiation environments. Accelerated thermal aging results are presented for three cable jacket and insulation materials, which indicate that hardening of the outside surface has an Arrhenius temperature dependence and correlates well with reductions in ultimate tensile elongation. This suggests that the indentor approach is a promising NDE technique for cable jacket and unjacketed insulation materials installed in thermally-dominated regions of nuclear power plants.
Is there any hope for AIDS? (2004)

Infection by HIV-1 is characterized by genetic diversity wherein distinct viral subtypes (clades A, B, C, D, E, F, G, K and O) are expanding in different geographic regions. With respect to HIV-1 sensitivity to antiretroviral drugs and drug resistance, increasing evidence suggests that all clades probably display similar sensitivity to antiviral drugs, but viruses from some subtypes and geographic regions have a greater propensity than other viral variants to develop resistance to certain drugs. There is an urgency to make anti-HIV drugs available to all who are in need, regardless of ability to pay.
Broadband Characterization of Copper Roughness by Comparing Striplines Fabricated on VLP and RTF Copper (2020)

This paper presents a method for broadband characterization of copper roughness factor on stripline interconnects. The characterization relies on S-parameter measurements of striplines fabricated with smooth (VLP) and rough (RTF) copper finishing on otherwise identical stack-ups. The VLP and RTF interconnects are each characterized from two-line measurements; then the R, L, G, C parameters for each are extracted under the same Tanδ condition, which yields the copper roughness factor for the RTF interconnects accurately characterized up to 40 GHz. The characterization allows a straightforward comparison against the predictions of standard copper roughness models such as Hammerstad, Huray, and Groiss. The experimental characterization shows excellent correlation to the Hammerstad model, and good correlation to the Huray and Groiss models for the studied interconnects.
Experimental study of the influence of refraction on underwater three-dimensional reconstruction using the SVP camera model (2012)

In an underwater imaging system, a perspective camera is often placed outside a tank or in waterproof housing with a flat glass window. The refraction of light occurs when a light ray passes through the water-glass and air-glass interface, rendering the conventional multiple view geometry based on the single viewpoint (SVP) camera model invalid. While most recent underwater vision studies mainly focus on the challenging topic of calibrating such systems, no previous work has systematically studied the influence of refraction on underwater three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. This paper demonstrates the possibility of using the SVP camera model in underwater 3D reconstruction through theoretical analysis of refractive distortion and simulations. Then, the performance of the SVP camera model in multiview underwater 3D reconstruction is quantitatively evaluated. The experimental results reveal a rather surprising and useful yet overlooked fact that the SVP camera model with radial distortion correction and focal length adjustment can compensate for refraction and achieve high accuracy in multiview underwater 3D reconstruction (within 0.7 mm for an object of dimension 200 mm) compared with the results of land-based systems. Such an observation justifies the use of the SVP camera model in underwater application for reconstructing reliable 3D scenes. Our results can be used to guide the selection of system parameters in the design of an underwater 3D imaging setup.