gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using sentiment to detect bots on Twitter: Are humans more opinionated than bots? (2014)

In many Twitter applications, developers collect only a limited sample of tweets and a local portion of the Twitter network. Given such Twitter applications with limited data, how can we classify Twitter users as either bots or humans? We develop a collection of network-, linguistic-, and application-oriented variables that could be used as possible features, and identify specific features that distinguish well between humans and bots. In particular, by analyzing a large dataset relating to the 2014 Indian election, we show that a number of sentimentrelated factors are key to the identification of bots, significantly increasing the Area under the ROC Curve (AUROC). The same method may be used for other applications as well.
Complications of Arthroscopic Meniscectomy in the Older Population (2012)

Postoperative complications, including PA, DVTs, and PEs, are rare in patients ≥65 years old. However, gender-specific differences in the rate and type of postoperative complications may exist. Further studies in this population are warranted.
Loss of clusterin expression worsens renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (2009)

Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a challenge in clinical care of the patients with kidney transplants or acute kidney injury, and understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to injury in the kidney will lead to a novel therapy. Clusterin, a secreted glycoprotein, is an antiapoptotic protein in cancer cells. Our study is to investigate the role of clusterin in renal IRI. Renal IRI in mice was induced by clamping renal vein and artery for 45 or 50 min at 32 degrees C. Apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) was determined by FACS analysis. Clusterin expression was examined by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Here, we showed that clusterin protein was induced in TECs following IRI, and more tubules expressed clusterin in the kidneys following ischemia at higher temperatures. In human proximal TEC HKC-8 cultures, clusterin was upregulated by removal of serum and growth factors in medium and was downregulated by TNF-alpha-IFN-gamma mixture. The levels of clusterin were positively correlated with cell survival in these conditions. Knockdown or knockout of clusterin expression enhanced the sensitivity of TECs to apoptosis. In experimental models of renal IRI, deficiency in clusterin expression worsened the injury, as indicated by a significant increase in renal tissue damage with higher levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and by a poorer recovery from the injury in clusterin-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Our data indicate that the reduction of inducible expression of clusterin results in an increase in TEC apoptosis in the cultures and renders mice susceptibility to IRI, implying a protective role of clusterin in kidney injury.
Impact damage resistance and damage suppression properties of shape memory alloys in hybrid composites—a review (2010)

Composite materials are known to have a poor resistance to through-the-thickness impact loading. There are various methods for improving their impact damage tolerance, such as fiber toughening, matrix toughening, interface toughening, through-the-thickness reinforcements, and selective interlayers and hybrids. Hybrid composites with improved impact resistance are particularly useful in military and commercial civil applications. Hybridizing composites using shape memory alloys (SMA) is one solution since SMA materials can absorb the energy of the impact through superelastic deformation or recovery stress, reducing the effects of the impact on the composite structure. The SMA material may be embedded in the hybrid composites (SMAHC) in many different forms and also the characteristics of the fiber reinforcements may vary, such as SMA wires in woven laminates or SMA foils in unidirectional laminates, only to cite two examples. We will review the state of the art of SMAHC for the purpose of damage suppression. Both the active and passive damage suppression mechanisms will be considered.
Poverty in Scotland 2007 (2007)

Drawing on the increasing number of sources of data and poverty measures, Poverty in Scotland 2007 provides up-to-date facts and figures on poverty, and how that poverty impacts on people and places across Scotland. It expands on the information provided in the previous four editions, draws on the experience of people living in poverty, and includes: measurements of poverty; living with poverty; groups vulnerable to poverty; rural poverty, community-based responses, financial exclusion, local taxation, employability and health. The book includes a selection of essays from leading figures in the voluntary and academic sectors. These highlight the distinctive features of Scotland’s experience of poverty and the extent to which reserved and devolved policies have contributed to progress in tackling it. The book concludes with a discussion on how policy needs to develop if poverty in Scotland is finally to become a thing of the past.
Patchable instruction ROM architecture (2001)

Increased systems level integration has meant the movement of many traditionally off chip components onto a single chip including a processor, instruction storage, data path, and local memory. The design of these systems is driven by two conflicting goals, the need for reduced area and the need for rapid development times. The two current design options for instruction storage, ROM and Flash, are each highly optimized to one of these two goals but provide little compromise between them. ROM is used for highly area optimized instruction memory, although this comes at a price of lengthy integration time due to it's need to be correct before the chip is sent for fabrication. Flash is an alternative instruction memory that can significantly reduce the time to market by allowing embedded software to be upgraded after fabrication, meaning that software test and fabrication can be overlapped. Unfortunately Flash takes over a factor of 2 times the area of the equivalent ROM based storage.In this paper we present the Patchable Instruction ROM as an architecture for instruction storage that can provide the best of both worlds -- reduced area and faster time to market. With area efficiency similar to a standard ROM and support for limited post fabrication software patching, Patchable Instruction ROM provides a new set of design points to consider when building embedded systems. For the programs we examine, we show that our hardware/software technique can achieve an area only 10% larger than ROM with only an 11% inflation in design time over a Flash based approach.
ESTIMATING THE POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK FOR MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS USING CASE-CONTROL DATA (1985)

A straightforward and unified approach is presented for the calculation of the population attributable risk per cent (etiologic fraction) in the general multivariate setting, with emphasis on using data from case-control studies. The summary attributable risk for multiple factors can be estimated, with or without adjustment for other (confounding) risk factors. The relation of this approach to procedures in the literature is discussed. Given values of the relative risks for various combinations of factors, all that is required is the distribution of these factors among the cases only. The required information can often be estimated solely from case-control data, and in some situations relative risk estimates from one population can be applied to calculation of attributable risk for another population. The authors emphasize the benefits to be obtained from logistic regression models, so that risks need not be estimated separately in a large number of strata, some of which may contain inadequate numbers of individuals. This approach allows incorporation of important interactions between factors, but does not require that all possible interactions be included. The approach is illustrated with data on four risk factors from a pair-matched case-control study of participants in a multicenter breast cancer screening project.
Geminal Acylation‐Alkylation at a Carbonyl Center Using Diethyl N ‐Benzylideneaminomethylphosphonate: 2‐Methyl‐2‐Phenyl‐4‐Pentenal (2003)

Abstract Geminal acylation‐alkylation at a carbonyl center using diethyl N ‐benzylideneaminomethylphosphonate: 2‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐pentenal intermediate: N‐bromomethylphthalimide solvent: 100‐mL portions of cold petroleum ether intermediate: diethyl phthalimidomethylphosphonate intermediate: diethyl aminomethylphosphonate (4) intermediate: diethyl N‐benzylideneaminomethylphosphonate (5) intermediate: 2‐azadiene product: 2‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐pentenal
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition of α‐Halo Ester to Homoallylic Gallium or Indium Species: Formation of Cyclopropane Derivatives. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Straight forward vector control of the Modular Multilevel Converter for feeding three-phase machines over their complete frequency range (2011)

The paper presents a control strategy for the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), which allows feeding a three-phase machine over its complete frequency range. The machine is controlled by a standard field oriented control in the outer closed loop. The inner control has to met the challenge of balancing the energy stored in the capacitance of the converter arms. In this approach two operation modes are used: a low frequency mode for start-up and low speed operation plus a high frequency mode for higher speed. A special control scheme for the low frequency mode has to be applied to achieve low energy pulsation in the arm capacitances. It uses the common mode voltage of the three-phase machine together with inner circulating currents to ensure a symmetrical energy distribution in the arms of the MMC and to avoid any AC-currents in the DC-source.
Geogrid-anchored sheet pile walls; a small-scale experimental and numerical study (2022)

The use of geogrids to anchor Sheet Pile Walls (SPW) is relatively new. A series of small-scale tests was performed to investigate the behaviour of geogrid-anchored SPWs subjected to strip footing surcharge loading. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques were used to measure soil displacement and analyse the global failure mechanism and dominant soil-geogrid interaction mechanisms. One of the tests was duplicated in a test box that was eight times as wide, showing that the influence of the small width of the test box was acceptably small. A 2D finite element model (PLAXIS) was used to simulate the tests and there was a reasonable match with the test results. The position of the strip footing load, and the length and number of the geogrid anchors, proved to be key factors in determining the bearing capacity. The results provide new insights into the stabilising effect and the effective length of the geogrid anchors, in other words the length along which geogrid-soil friction is mobilised. Contrary to the Dutch design guidelines for reinforced soil walls and conventionally anchored sheet pile walls, the results showed that the geogrid provides resistance in the active zone under the strip footing surcharge loading.
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts) with extreme responses (ERs) to capecitabine having tumors with genomic alterations in DNA repair and chromatin remodeling genes. (2014)

555 Background: We sought to understand the genomic alterations in tumors of MBC pts who had extreme durations of response to capecitabine (C). Methods: Following IRB-approved informed consent, targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on pts’ FFPE primary breast cancer (n=4) or MBC (n=2) specimens at a CLIA-certified laboratory to characterize genomic alterations across 287 cancer-related genes. Reverse phase protein microarray (RPMA) was also performed. Results: Six postmenopausal pts with ER+/HER2- MBC and ERs with C were studied. Metastases comprised bone/lymph node (n=1) or liver (n=5; liver only, liver/bone, liver/bone/chest wall). Four pts had received ≥2 prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease. Four pts received C + paclitaxel (mean 17 mos; range 4–57); three of these then continued C alone (mean 86 mos; range 59–118). Two pts received C monotherapy (54 and 91+ mos). C was discontinued after a mean of 66 mos in four pts (range 54–86); two pts remain on C (91+ and 122+ mos). On NGS, 50% (3/6) of pts’ tumors had likely functional alterations in DNA repair and chromatin remodeling genes (Table) – a higher than expected prevalence in ER+ MBC. Three pts had variants of unknown significance (VUS) in these pathways. PIK3CA substitutions or amplifications of AKT2, FGFR1, ZNF703, as well as phosphorylation of HER family receptors and their downstream proteins on RPMA did not appear to preclude ERs to C. Conclusions: Three MBC pts with ERs to C (54–122+ mos) had genomic alterations in DNA repair pathways (double strand break response and homologous recombination) and in histone acetyl- and methyltransferase genes. We are exploring the potential function of the VUS in the other three pts. Preclinical data show that sensitivity to 5-FU is enhanced by deficiencies in chromatin remodeling and homologous recombination genes (Matuo, et al. Genet Mol Res, 2013), suggesting a strategy for pt selection for C. Patient Genomic alterations or [VUS] DNA repair Chromatin remodeling 1 [BRCA2, FANCF] [SETD2] 2 CHEK2, PALB2 NCOR1, TET2 3 CHEK2 [BCORL1] 4 ATM EP300 5 [PARP1] [NCOR1, CBFβ] 6 [SETD2] [EP300, SETD2]
Tunnel-Based IPv6 Transition (2013)

IPv6 transition presents many challenges to the Internet community, and various solutions have been proposed, including dual stack, tunneling, and translation. Tunneling supports "like-to-like" IP connectivity across an "unlike" network, whereas translation supports "like-to-unlike" IP interconnectivity. No overarching strategy exists to address all possible scenarios. Because tunneling can keep the end-to-end model that the Internet is built on, the authors have developed a tunnel-based framework that solves the transition problems in backbone and access networks with different tunneling mechanisms.
Laboratory-Accelerated Versus Outdoor Weathering for Retroreflective Sheeting Specifications (1999)

Laboratory-accelerated weathering tests are used instead of outdoor weathering tests in specifications for products intended for long-term outdoor use because they provide fast results. These accelerated tests are used as a measure of acceptable weathering performance for a material. Acceptance of results from laboratory-accelerated tests in product specifications is based on two major assumptions: (a) materials that pass the requirements of the laboratory-accelerated test meet outdoor durability requirements, and (b) results from laboratory-accelerated tests are much more consistent than those from outdoor exposures. Numerous examples illustrate the errors that occur when these assumptions are wrong. Material with good outdoor durability can fail to meet the requirements of a specified laboratory-accelerated test, or material with poor outdoor durability will pass the requirements of the specified laboratory-accelerated test. Between-lab variability can cause a product to be rejected by a specifier although the same test run by the supplier produced acceptable results. For retroreflective sheeting, outdoor exposures are actually more consistent than the laboratory-accelerated exposure most commonly used in specifications. To assure minimum acceptable durability, 36-mo outdoor exposures are recommended for most retroreflective sheeting specifications. However, results from these exposure tests do not predict the ultimate service life of retroreflective sheetings.
Performance of two neural receiver structures in the presence of co-channel interference (2002)

Real communication channels with multipath propagation, interference and possible nonlinearities pose a difficult problem to the detecting receiver. This paper deals with neural approaches to solve those difficulties. Two types of neural networks, self-organizing map and radial basis functions have been studied. The results show that, while there are no actual benefits in using neural receivers in simple white noise Gaussian channels, the performance in nonlinear channels is much better with these new approaches than with the traditional ones.
25-hydroxyvitamin D absorption in patients with Crohn's disease and with pancreatic insufficiency. (1997)

Vitamin D malabsorption could be one possible reason for the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Hence, we performed a modified 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) absorption test Stamp in 15 healthy controls, 31 patients with CD and 10 patients with PI. Serum 25-OHD levels were measured before, and 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after oral administration of 5 micrograms 25-OHD/kg body weight. Basal 25-OHD levels were below the normal range of 12-36 ng/ml in 68% of patients with CD (median: 10; interquartile range: 4-12 ng/ml) and 70% of patients with PI (median: 3; interquartile range: 2-14 ng/ml). Peak levels were reached at 4 or 8 hours after ingestion of 25-OHD. Three patients with CD (10%) and 5 patients with PI (50%) showed decreased 25-OHD absorption. 25-OHD levels normalized in all but two patients with PI after 24 hours. Pattern of involvement or previous resections did not show a significant influence on 25-OHD absorption. Vitamin D malabsorption may be one reason for vitamin D deficiency in many patients with PI, but there is little evidence of vitamin D malabsorption in patients with CD. Oral 25-OHD administration seems to be a useful therapeutic alternative to native vitamin D in patients with possible malabsorption and vitamin D deficiency.
Dimensioning and Site Planning of Integrated PON and Wireless Cooperative Networks for Fixed Mobile Convergence (2011)

Integrating optical and wireless broadband access networks is an important step in achieving fixed mobile convergence in metropolitan areas. In this paper, a promising network architecture by integrating a passive optical network and a wireless cooperative network is investigated, in which intercell cooperative transmission is incorporated. Our goal is to exploit both economic and performance benefits. To achieve a cost-effective deployment and meet long-term performance requirements, this paper addresses the issue of dimensioning and site planning (DSP). We provide a complete formulation to capture the challenges behind network deployment. A number of long-term design subjects are jointly considered in a unified optimization framework, including infrastructure placement, base station user allocation, and resource breakdown assignment. To reduce the computation complexity, the DSP problem is decomposed into two subproblems. An approach is further developed to reformulate the problem into a solvable mixed integer linear program. Moreover, we conduct case studies to validate the formulation, in which performance gains are demonstrated in terms of total infrastructure cost reduction, spectral efficiency improvement, and scalability in capacity enhancement.
Cloning of a gene required for the alkaliphily of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain C-125. (1993)

An alkali-sensitive mutant was obtained from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain C-125. A DNA fragment required for the alkaliphily was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of strain C-125 by using the alkali-sensitive mutant as a host. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA fragment indicated the occurrence of several ORFs. Comparison of these ORFs with sequences in the available databases revealed no closely related sequences.
Spacecraft Hybrid (Mixed-Actuator) Attitude Control Experiences on NASA Science Missions (2014)

There is a heightened interest within NASA for the design, development, and flight implementation of mixed-actuator hybrid attitude control systems for science spacecraft that have less than three functional reaction wheel actuators. This interest is driven by a number of recent reaction wheel failures on aging, but what could be still scientifically productive, NASA spacecraft if a successful hybrid attitude control mode can be implemented. Over the years, hybrid (mixed-actuator) control has been employed for contingency attitude control purposes on several NASA science mission spacecraft. This paper provides a historical perspective of NASA's previous engineering work on spacecraft mixed-actuator hybrid control approaches. An update of the current situation will also be provided emphasizing why NASA is now so interested in hybrid control. The results of the NASA Spacecraft Hybrid Attitude Control Workshop, held in April of 2013, will be highlighted. In particular, the lessons learned captured from that workshop will be shared in this paper. An update on the most recent experiences with hybrid control on the Kepler spacecraft will also be provided. This paper will close with some future considerations for hybrid spacecraft control.
Measurement of Long-Range Repulsive Forces between Charged Particles at an Oil-Water Interface (2002)

Using a laser tweezers method, we have determined the long-range repulsive force as a function of separation between two charged, spherical polystyrene particles (2.7 microm diameter) present at a nonpolar oil-water interface. At large separations (6 to 12 microm between particle centers) the force is found to decay with distance to the power -4 and is insensitive to the ionic strength of the aqueous phase. The results are consistent with a model in which the repulsion arises primarily from the presence of a very small residual electric charge at the particle-oil interface. This charge corresponds to a fractional dissociation of the total ionizable (sulfate) groups present at the particle-oil surface of approximately 3 x 10(-4).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Affected by the Smiles Rearrangement: A New Chapter on Diversifying the Synthesis of Chiral Fluorinated 1,4‐Benzoxazine Derivatives. (2016)

Abstract The title benzoxazine derivatives containing F atoms as well as other halogens in different positions of the aromatic ring are obtained from their open chain precursors by copper catalyzed Smiles rearrangement ring closure.