gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wanderheuschrecken im Windkanal (2012)

Insekten vollbringen wahre fliegerische Meisterleistungen: Wenn Heuschrecken grose Strecken uberbrucken oder Motten uber Blumen schweben, konnen Aerodynamiker nur staunen. Darum haben Forscher des Deutschen Zentrums fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) zusammen mit der Universitat Oxford und der Messtechnik-Firma LaVision den Flug von Heuschrecken und Motten in einem Windkanal in Gottingen untersucht. Modernste Messtechnik machte die Luftstromung hinter den Tieren in bislang unerreichter dreidimensionaler Auflosung sichtbar. Die Erkenntnisse bringen Ingenieure dem Bau von Mikro-Flugzeugen naher, die eines Tages ahnlich wie Insekten fliegen sollen.
Enhanced generation of leukotriene B4 and superoxide radical from calcium ionophore (A23187) stimulated human neutrophils after priming with interferon-alpha. (1999)

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of interferon-alpha ( INF-alpha) on the production of leukotrienes (LTs) and superoxide radicals when intact human neutrophils were stimulated with calcium ionophore (A23187). A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and UV spectroscopy were employed to detect and quantitate the released LTs; namely LTC4, LTB4 and its trans isomers, 6-trans LTB4 and 12-epi-6-trans LTB4. Preincubation of intact human neutrophils at 37 degrees C for 30 min with INF-alpha and stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 for 1 min enhanced significantly the formation of LTB4. Preincubation of intact human neutrophils with INF-alpha and subsequent stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 also enhanced significantly superoxide radical generation that reduced nitroblue tetrazolium into blue formazan. The in vivo effect of INF-alpha in rats demonstrated that the higher dose of INF-alpha that induced superoxide radical and LTB4 by A23187 stimulated intact human neutrophil in vitro, also induced a significant decrease in white blood cells and RBCs started at 4 h after i.p administration. The differential white blood cell count revealed that, the prime target for INF-alpha is the white blood cells of myeloid origin. These results might demonstrate the modulatory effects of INF-alpha on granulocyte functions.
Survival after Liver Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma in a Large Population (2007)

Results in this population-based series are consistent with those of single-hospital series assessing longterm survival after liver resection for metastatic CRC. These findings support continued efforts to aggressively identify and resect CRC liver metastases.
Parameter sensitivity analysis of a lumped-parameter model of a chain of lymphangions in series (2013)

Any disruption of the lymphatic system due to trauma or injury can lead to edema. There is no effective cure for lymphedema, partly because predictive knowledge of lymphatic system reactions to interventions is lacking. A well-developed model of the system could greatly improve our understanding of its function. Lymphangions, defined as the vessel segment between two valves, are the individual pumping units. Based on our previous lumped-parameter model of a chain of lymphangions, this study aimed to identify the parameters that affect the system output the most using a sensitivity analysis. The system was highly sensitive to minimum valve resistance, such that variations in this parameter caused an order-of-magnitude change in time-average flow rate for certain values of imposed pressure difference. Average flow rate doubled when contraction frequency was increased within its physiological range. Optimum lymphangion length was found to be some 13-14.5 diameters. A peak of time-average flow rate occurred when transmural pressure was such that the pressure-diameter loop for active contractions was centered near maximum passive vessel compliance. Increasing the number of lymphangions in the chain improved the pumping in the presence of larger adverse pressure differences. For a given pressure difference, the optimal number of lymphangions increased with the total vessel length. These results indicate that further experiments to estimate valve resistance more accurately are necessary. The existence of an optimal value of transmural pressure may provide additional guidelines for increasing pumping in areas affected by edema.
Motion planning for intelligent manipulations by sliding and rotating operations with parallel two-fingered grippers (2002)

Humans have numerous manipulation skills which they can intelligently combine to execute tasks. The authors have developed motion planning systems for intelligent manipulations using parallel two-fingered grippers. They propose a new method to integrate these motion planning systems. The basic idea of this method is the state-space approach which is described in states and operators and solves problems by searching state-space from initial state to goal state. The operators correspond to the primitive manipulation skills and transform a state into another state. This method was applied to a manipulator equipped with a parallel two-fingered gripper. The key idea behind this application is to augment the handling ability of a parallel two-fingered gripper, instead of developing a difficult and complicated control method that uses a sophisticated but weak multifingered gripper. To actually implement this idea, we have developed a new, small and simple mechanism attached to a parallel two-fingered gripper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical Utility of 4Kscore ® , ExosomeDx™ and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Early Detection of High Grade Prostate Cancer (2020)

Screening algorithms with up-front liquid biomarker testing followed by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy at certain biomarker thresholds could reduce unnecessary biopsies, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and overdetection of Gleason grade 1 prostate cancer.
Improving the Best Available Evidence Component of Evidence-Based Medicine (2012)

*Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and †Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and The Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, The Rothman Institute, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Acknowledgement date: September 18, 2012. Acceptance date: September 22, 2012. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. Relevant financial activities outside the submitted work: board membership, consultancy, expert testimony, grants, payment for lectures, patents, royalties, stocks, payment for development of educational presentations.
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 Promotes β1 Integrin Maturation and Transport to the Cell Surface (2004)

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) mediates the endocytosis of multiple plasma membrane proteins and thereby models the composition of the cell surface. LRP-1 also functions as a catabolic receptor for fibronectin, limiting fibronectin accumulation in association with cells. The goal of the present study was to determine whether LRP-1 regulates cell surface levels of the beta(1) integrin subunit. We hypothesized that LRP-1 may down-regulate cell surface beta(1) by promoting its internalization; however, unexpectedly, LRP-1 expression was associated with a substantial increase in cell surface beta(1) integrin in two separate cell lines, murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and CHO cells. The total amount of beta(1) integrin was unchanged because LRP-1-deficient cells retained increased amounts of beta(1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Expression of human LRP-1 in LRP-1-deficient MEFs reversed the shift in subcellular beta(1) integrin distribution. Metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated that the precursor form of newly synthesized beta(1) integrin (p105) is converted into mature beta(1) (p125) more slowly in LRP-1-deficient cells. Although low levels of cell surface beta(1) integrin, in LRP-1-deficient MEFs, were associated with decreased adhesion to fibronectin, the subcellular distribution of beta(1) integrin was most profoundly dependent on LRP-1 only after the cell cultures became confluent. A mutagen-treated CHO cell line, in which LRP-1 is expressed but retained in the secretory pathway, also demonstrated nearly complete ER retention of beta(1) integrin. These studies support a model in which LRP-1 either directly or indirectly promotes maturation of beta(1) integrin precursor and thereby increases the level of beta(1) integrin at the cell surface.
Application-driven adaptive fixed-point refinement for SDRs (2008)

Wireless interfaces implement and increasing number of different standards. For cost effectiveness, flexible radio implementations are preferred over the multiplication of dedicated solutions. Software Defined Radios (SDR) have been introduced as the ultimate way to achieve such flexibility. However, the reduced energy budget required by battery-powered solutions makes the typical worst-case static dimensioning unaffordable under highly dynamic operating conditions. Instead, energy-scalable algorithms and implementations are entailed to provide flexibility while maintaining the required energy efficiency. Particularly, energy-scalable implementations can exploit data-format properties to offer different tradeoffs between accuracy and energy. In this paper, an application-driven adaptive fixed-point refinement methodology is proposed. The latter derives the minimum word-lengths which respect a user-defined degradation on the application performance. This technique is applied to the fixed-point refinement of a Near-ML MIMO (Multiple Inputs, Multiple Outputs) detector. Variations on the minimum required precision depending on external conditions are made explicit. Finally, on a processor platform these variations can be translated into reduced cycles and energy by leveraging on sub-word parallel implementations.
Measures of cell turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) and their association with survival in breast cancer. (2001)

Our objective was to investigate the prognostic significance of cell turnover (apoptosis and proliferation) in breast cancer patients. Apoptosis was microscopically quantitated on histological sections from 791 breast cancer patients with long-term follow-up (median, 16.3 years). Apoptotic counts were also compared with proliferation data (mitotic counts and MIB-1 labeling); apoptosis data derived from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay; and pathobiological variables, including p53, erbB-2, and estrogen receptor (ER). High apoptotic counts were associated with increased cellular proliferation, ER negativity, immunopositivity of erbB-2 and p53 (P < 0.0001), and shortened disease-specific survival (DSS; P = 0.0009) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.0006). Other factors associated with shortened DFS and DSS by univariate analysis were high tumor grade, nodal metastases, and large tumor size (P < 0.0001 for each). Multivariate analysis of data for all of the patients demonstrated that tumor size, nodal status, ER, histological grade, and erbB-2 showed independent prognostic value. In node-negative patients, tumor size and mitotic rate per 1000 cells independently predicted DFS (P = 0.0055). Tumor grade was the only independent predictor of DSS. For node-positive patients, tumor size, nodal status, ER, and erbB-2 were independent prognostic factors. The number of mitoses per 1000 was independently associated with DFS (P = 0.043) but not with DSS. Apoptosis data did not provide independent prognostic value in any, node-positive or node-negative, breast cancer patients.
The C.I.E. colorimetric standards and their use (1931)

The new international standards, which define a standard observer, three standard illuminants, standard conditions of illuminating and viewing opaque specimens, a standard for evaluating the brightness factor of opaque specimens, and a standard trichromatic system for the expression of colour measurements, are stated and their origin explained. In addition to the numerical tables which are appended to the resolutions setting up these standards, there are given a table specifying the trichromatic coordinates for the standard observer of all spectral colours at wave-length intervals of 1 mμ, tables to facilitate the calculation of the standard coordinates and the brightness factor of a material illuminated by any one of the three standard illuminants from spectrophotometric measurements on the material, and a table giving the coordinates of some stimuli of special importance on the N.P.L. system, the standard system, and another system which occurs in the resolutions. Some new colorimetric terms are proposed, partly to avoid misinterpretation and partly to meet new needs. The theory of colour transformations, and points which arise in the application of the system and in the calibration of instruments, are discussed.
Detection of Attenuated Plaque in Stable Angina With 64-Multidetector Computed Tomography (2012)

MDCT has the ability to demonstrate attenuated plaque as the combination of HDA (approximately 400 HU on average) and LDA <30 HU. The HDA can be differentiated from calcified plaque by its lower CT density value.
Multichroic dual-polarization bolometric detectors for studies of the cosmic microwave background (2012)

We are developing multi-chroic antenna-coupled TES detectors for CMB polarimetry. Multi-chroic detectors in- crease the mapping speed per focal plane area and provide greater discrimination of polarized galactic foregrounds with no increase in weight or cryogenic cost. In each pixel, a silicon lens-coupled dual polarized sinuous antenna collects light over a two-octave frequency band. The antenna couples the broadband millimeter wave signal into microstrip transmission lines, and on-chip filter banks split the broadband signal into several frequency bands. Separate TES bolometers detect the power in each frequency band and linear polarization. We will describe the design and performance of these devices and present optical data taken with prototype pixels. Our measurements show beams with percent level ellipticity, percent level cross-polarization leakage, and partitioned bands using banks of 2, 3, and 7 filters. We will also describe the development of broadband anti-reflection coatings for the high dielectric constant lens. The broadband anti-reflection coating has approximately 100% bandwidth and no detectable loss at cryogenic temperature. Finally, we will describe an upgrade for the Polarbear CMB experiment and installation for the LiteBIRD CMB satellite experiment both of which have focal planes with kilo-pixel of these detectors to achieve unprecedented mapping speed.
Deep Compositing Using Lie Algebras (2017)

Deep compositing is an important practical tool in creating digital imagery, but there has been little theoretical analysis of the underlying mathematical operators. Motivated by finding a simple formulation of the merging operation on OpenEXR -style deep images, we show that the Porter-Duff over function is the operator of a Lie group. In its corresponding Lie algebra, the splitting and mixing functions that OpenEXR deep merging requires have a particularly simple form. Working in the Lie algebra, we present a novel, simple proof of the uniqueness of the mixing function. The Lie group structure has many more applications, including new, correct resampling algorithms for volumetric images with alpha channels, and a deep image compression technique that outperforms that of OpenEXR .
Screen-printed glucose strip based on palladium-dispersed carbon ink (1994)

Palladium-dispersed graphite ink was used for screen-printing a disposable biosensor for glucose. The dispersed palladium particles lead to a marked (>0.5 V) decrease in the overvoltage for the oxidation of the enzymically liberated hydrogen peroxide. The greatly enhanced sensitivity is coupled with high selectivity (associated with the low operating potential and permselective transport of the polyphenol film). The electrocatalytic behaviour was characterized, the sensor operation optimized and the analytical performance is reported. Prospects of using metallized graphites for mass producing amperometric biosensors are discussed.
Instability of simple sequence repeats in a mammalian cell line (1994)

Short tandem repeat sequences in the mammalian genome are considered to be unstable, since many of them are polymorphic in length; however, the extent of this instability has been difficult to quantitate. We have directly determined the rate of mutation of a simple sequence repeat in a mammalian cell line. A plasmid containing a dinucleotide repeat [poly(CA/GT)] that disrupts the reading frame of a downstream gene was integrated into the genome of a mouse cell line, and spontaneous revertants were selected. Reversion rates were more than 100 times higher in cells carrying the repeated sequence than in control cells that carried the same fusion gene with a 4-bp out-of-frame deletion. Revertant clones derived from the lines carrying the dinucleotide repeat had insertions or deletions of one or more repeat units.
Photochemical Transformations of Some 2-(5-Methylthiophen-2-yl)-3-[(naphthalen-2-yl)methoxy]-4H-chromen-4-ones Involving Type-II Process (2011)

Photo-irradiation of 2-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-3-[(naphthalen-2-yl)methoxy]-4H-chromen-4-ones yielded the fascinating angular tetracyclic products via cyclization involving both 2-thienyl ring and naphthylmethoxy group via 1,4-biradical generated in the Norrish type-II process. The stereochemical dispositions of the products were determined by MM2 energy minimized programme and spectroscopic analysis.
Effect of thermal annealing on plasticizer migration in poly(vinyl chloride)/dioctyl phthalate system (2001)

Plasticizer migration studies dealing with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets and liquid surrounding media revealed two parallel phenomena, migration of plasticizer and liquid penetration, that take place simultaneously. The present work was focused on correlating the structural differences of the PVC material with the aforementioned processes. The plasticizer and the liquid medium used were dioctyl phthalate and isopropanol, respectively. Emphasis was placed on any rearrangement of the polymer morphology occurring when elevated test temperatures were employed for a relatively long period of time (crystallization). The result was that the PVC structure seemed to become more compact, forcing the liquid medium that had already penetrated to come out. Furthermore, these experiments showed that plasticizer migration and liquid penetration were related to the polymer structure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1780–1786, 2001
Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier (2000)

Nicotinamide improved the permeability barrier by stimulating de novo synthesis of ceramides, with upregulation of SPT and other intercellular lipids.
Comparison of Three DNA Extraction Methods on Bone and Blood Stains up to 43 Years Old and Amplification of Three Different Gene Sequences (1997)

Extraction of amplifiable DNA-from degraded human material in the forensic context remains a problem, and maximization of yield and elimination of inhibitors of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are important issues which rarely feature in comparative studies. The present work used PCR amplification of three DNA sequences (HLA DPB1, amelogenin and mitochondrial) to assess the efficiency of three methods for extracting DNA (sodium acetate, magnetic beads and glass-milk) from 32 skeletal samples and 25 blood stains up to 43 years old. The results, analyzed using multivariate statistics, confirmed that the extraction method was crucial to the subsequent detection of amplification products; the glass-milk protocol performed better than sodium acetate, which was better than magnetic beads. Successful amplification also depended on gene sequence, multiple copy mitochondrial sequences performing best; however, with the singly copy sequences, the longer HLA DPB1 (327 bp) being detected just as often as the shorter amelogenin (106/112 bp). Amplification products were obtained more frequently from blood stains than bone, perhaps reflecting differences inherent in the material, and from younger compared with older specimens, though plateauing seemed to occur after 10 years. PCR inhibitors were more frequent in sodium acetate extracts.
Anergic B Cells: Precarious On-Call Warriors at the Nexus of Autoimmunity and False-Flagged Pathogens (2015)

OPINION article Front. Immunol., 26 November 2015Sec. B Cell Biology Volume 6 - 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00580
Emulation of the operation of a lithium-ion batteries pack in healthy and faulty condition (2017)

International audience
Stability of recombinant plasmids on the continuous culture of Bifidobacterium animalis ATCC 27536 (2003)

Bifidobacterium animalis ATCC 27536 represents among bifidobacteria a host-model for cloning experiments. The segregational and structural stabilities of a family of cloning vectors with different molecular weights but sharing a common core were studied in continuous fermentation of the hosting B. animalis without selective pressure. The rate of plasmid loss (R) and the specific growth rate difference (delta mu) between plasmid-free and plasmid-carrying cells were calculated for each plasmid and their relationship with plasmid size was studied. It was observed that both R and the numerical value of delta mu increased exponentially with plasmid size. The exponential functions correlating the specific growth rate difference and the rate of plasmid loss with the plasmid molecular weight were determined. Furthermore, the smallest of the plasmids studied, pLAV (4.3-kb) was thoroughly characterized by means of its complete nucleotide sequence. It was found that it contained an extra DNA fragment, the first bifidobacterial insertion sequence characterised, named IS 1999.
ChemInform Abstract: DEUTERATION OF CYCLOALKYNES (1985)

Abstract Cycloalkine (I) werden über Isomerisierungsreaktionen mit dem Deuterio‐trimethylendiamin (II) zu (III) perdeuteriert.
Patency Outcomes of Aortic Connectors (2006)

: In this nonrandomized cohort of patients, occlusion rate with Symmetry connectors was significantly greater than anticipated. Patients who have received these connectors during coronary artery bypass surgery may require closer follow-up and evaluation. While the manufacturer has stopped producing this device, there has been no recall of the product, clinical support remains ongoing, and next generation connectors have now been marketed. Consideration should be given to discontinuation of the clinical use of Symmetry connectors.