gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one and -thione derivatives are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and are synergistic with 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs (1994)

Tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-one and -thione (TIBO) derivatives were shown to specifically block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication through a unique interaction with the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Through further modification of the lead compounds and structure-activity relationship analysis several new TIBO derivatives that show high potency, selectivity, and specificity against HIV-1 have been obtained. A new TIBO derivative, R86183, inhibits the replication of HIV-1, but not HIV-2, in a variety of CD4+ T-cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes, at a concentration of 0.3 to 30 nM, which is at least 4 orders of magnitude lower than the 50% cytotoxic concentration. Whereas an HIV-1 strain containing the Leu-100-->Ile mutation in the RT gene is about 400-fold less susceptible, R86183 still inhibits the replication of an HIV-1 strain containing the Tyr-181-->Cys RT mutation by 50% at a concentration of 130 nM. R86183 inhibits the poly(C).oligo(dG)12-18-directed HIV-1 RT reaction by 50% at a concentration of 57 nM. The antiviral activity of 22 TIBO derivatives in cell culture correlated well with their activity against HIV-1 RT. No such correlation was found for their cytotoxicity. The combination of R86183 with either zidovudine or didanosine resulted in a synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 (strain IIIB) replication. Combination of R86183 with the protease inhibitor Ro31-8959 was found to be additive. Also described is a dilution protocol circumventing overestimation and underestimation of antiviral activity due to adherence to plastic surfaces.
The horse race to language understanding: FLMP was first out of the gate, and has yet to be overtaken (2000)

Our long-standing hypothesis has been that feedforward information flow is sufficient for speech perception, reading, and sentence (syntactic and semantic) processing more generally. We are encouraged by the target article's argument for the same hypothesis, but caution that more precise quantitative predictions will be necessary to advance the field.
ChemInform Abstract: Unravelling the Complexities of Inorganic and Supramolecular Self‐Assembly in Solution with Electrospray and Cryospray Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scene Parsing with Multiscale Feature Learning, Purity Trees, and\n Optimal Covers (2012)

Scene parsing, or semantic segmentation, consists in labeling each pixel in\nan image with the category of the object it belongs to. It is a challenging\ntask that involves the simultaneous detection, segmentation and recognition of\nall the objects in the image.\n The scene parsing method proposed here starts by computing a tree of segments\nfrom a graph of pixel dissimilarities. Simultaneously, a set of dense feature\nvectors is computed which encodes regions of multiple sizes centered on each\npixel. The feature extractor is a multiscale convolutional network trained from\nraw pixels. The feature vectors associated with the segments covered by each\nnode in the tree are aggregated and fed to a classifier which produces an\nestimate of the distribution of object categories contained in the segment. A\nsubset of tree nodes that cover the image are then selected so as to maximize\nthe average "purity" of the class distributions, hence maximizing the overall\nlikelihood that each segment will contain a single object. The convolutional\nnetwork feature extractor is trained end-to-end from raw pixels, alleviating\nthe need for engineered features. After training, the system is parameter free.\n The system yields record accuracies on the Stanford Background Dataset (8\nclasses), the Sift Flow Dataset (33 classes) and the Barcelona Dataset (170\nclasses) while being an order of magnitude faster than competing approaches,\nproducing a 320 \\times 240 image labeling in less than 1 second.\n
Restless legs syndrome (2001)

6] The MEMO study, a population based survey of an elderly population, reported a higher prevalence of RLS in women, which however, did not change with age, unlike men. There are currently no data available on prevalence of RLS in other ethnic groups such as Asian or black populations. Periodic limb movements in sleep were first reported by Lugaresi et al, who showed polysomnographically recorded PLMS (more than five/ hour) in up to 87.8% of patients with RLS. It should be emphasised that PLMS occur in various sleep disorders and other neurological diseases and may increase with age, whereas RLS remains a clinical diagnosis by definition. 11 www.
Sequentielle α‐Ketosäurehydroxylamin(KAHA)‐Ligationen: Synthese C‐terminaler Varianten des Modifikationsproteins UFM1 (2012)

3 für 3: Die sequentielle α-Ketosäurehydroxylamin(KAHA)-Ligation mit 5-Oxaprolin eröffnet den einfachen Zugang zu C-terminalen Amiden, Carbonsäuren und maskierten Thioestern des Modifikationsproteins UFM1 (Ubiquitin-Faltungsmodifikator 1). Die Fmoc-Schützung eines N-terminalen 5-Oxaprolins erlaubt den Zusammenbau von Proteinen mit mehr als 80 Aminosäuren ausgehend von einfach zugänglichen, mittelgroßen Proteinsegmenten in einem Zwei-Topf-Prozess.
Commutable transactions and the time_pad synchronization mechanism for distributed systems (1986)

The author develops the concept of commutable transactions, where a user initiating a commutable transaction permits the system to commute (recorder) his transaction in relation to other concurrent transactions so that the transaction, in case it faces abortion due to conflict, can be salvaged without the user's intervention. The user specifies a limit to the commutability of his transaction. A new synchronization mechanism for distributed system, called time-pad, is developed which allows a user to express the commutability of his transaction and reduces the probability of its eventual rejection. The two-phase lock synchronization scheme and the timestamp synchronization scheme can be viewed as special cases of the time-pad synchronization scheme. It is a user-controlled synchronization mechanism which can be tuned to improve the performance of those distributed database systems where the communication delay is large and the probability of transaction conflict is high.
Distinctiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Seropositive and -Seronegative Patients in Lima, Peru (2003)

Genotypic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive (n = 80) and -seronegative (n = 25) patients from Lima, Peru, revealed two distinct genotypes correlating with the host immune status. While the level of intrastrain diversity of DNA fingerprints of HIV-seropositive isolates was less pronounced, these isolates showed many clonal groupings.
Pillar Array Microtraps with Negative Dielectrophoresis (2009)

We present a microfluidic particle-trap array that utilizes negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) force and hydrodynamic force. The traps are located at the stagnation points of cylindrical pillars arranged in a regular array, and they can function as both single-particle traps (capable of discriminating particles based on size) and multiparticle traps (capable of controlling the number of particles trapped). By adjusting the relative strength of the nDEP and hydrodynamic forces, we are able to control the number of trapped particles accurately. We have used 5 microm polystyrene beads to validate and demonstrate the capability of this new particle-trap design. Pulsed nDEP was used to increase the selectivity and stability. Good correlation between simulation and the experimental results was obtained.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Phase I Hepatic Immunotherapy for Metastases Study of Intra-Arterial Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T-cell Therapy for CEA<sup>+</sup> Liver Metastases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3. Radiographic studies&lt;/p&gt;
Immunology of neuromyelitis optica: a T cell–B cell collaboration (2013)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a debilitating autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). The discovery of NMO-immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum of NMO-but not MS-patients was a breakthrough in defining diagnostic criteria for NMO. NMO-IgG is an antibody directed against the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4). While there is evidence that NMO-IgG is also involved in mediating tissue damage in the CNS, many aspects of the pathogenic cascade in NMO remain to be determined. It is clear that antigen-specific T cells contribute to the generation of NMO-IgG in the peripheral immune compartment, as well as to the development of NMO lesions in the CNS. T helper 17 (Th17) cells, equipped both in providing B cell help and inducing tissue inflammation, may be involved in NMO development and pathogenesis. Here, we review immunologic aspects of NMO, placing recent findings in the biology of T-B cell cooperation into perspective with autoimmunity of the CNS.
Low-power design techniques for high-performance CMOS adders (1995)

A high-performance adder is one of the most critical components of a processor which determines its throughput, as it is used in the ALU, the floating-point unit, and for address generation in case of cache or memory access. In this paper, low-power design techniques for various digital circuit families are studied for implementing high-performance adders, with the objective to optimize performance per watt or energy efficiency as well as silicon area efficiency. While the investigation is done using 100 MHz, 32 b carry lookahead (CLA) adders in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, most techniques presented here can also be applied to other parallel adder algorithms such as carry-select adders (CSA) and other energy efficient CMOS circuits. Among the techniques presented here, the double pass-transistor logic (DPL) is found to be the most energy efficient while the single-rail domino and complementary pass-transistor logic (CPL) result in the best performance and the most area efficient adders, respectively. The impact of transistor threshold voltage scaling on energy efficiency is also examined when the supply voltage is scaled from 3.5 V down to 1.0 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In Vitro and in Vivo tissue harmonic images obtained with parallel transmit beamforming by means of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [Correspondence] (2015)

In classic pulse-echo ultrasound imaging, the data acquisition rate is limited by the speed of sound. To overcome this, parallel beamforming techniques in transmit (PBT) and in receive (PBR) mode have been proposed. In particular, PBT techniques, based on the transmission of focused beams, are more suitable for harmonic imaging because they are capable of generating stronger harmonics. Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been investigated as a means to obtain parallel beamformed tissue harmonic images. To date, only numerical studies and experiments in water have been performed, hence neglecting the effect of frequencydependent absorption. Here we present the first in vitro and in vivo tissue harmonic images obtained with PBT by means of OFDM, and we compare the results with classic B-mode tissue harmonic imaging. The resulting contrast-to-noise ratio, here used as a performance metric, is comparable. A reduction by 2 dB is observed for the case in which three parallel lines are reconstructed. In conclusion, the applicability of this technique to ultrasonography as a means to improve the data acquisition rate is confirmed.
Piezoresistive Fabric Produced Through PVDF-Graphene Nanocomposite Film Incorporation in Textile Via Screen Printing Technique (2019)

A fabric sensing element has been produced by incorporating a nanocomposite film in a commercial textile via screen printing technique. The nanocomposite is a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) loaded with 3% wt of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and it has been morphologically characterized. The piezoresistive properties of the resulting fabric sensing element have been investigated under quasi static tensile loadings.
Critical Flux and Fouling Analysis of PVDF-Mixed Matrix Membranes for Reclamation of Refinery-Produced Wastewater: Effect of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids Concentration and Aeration (2022)

Fouling tends to cause a significant increase in hydraulic resistance, decreased permeate flux, or increased transmembrane pressure (<i>TMP</i>) when a process is operated under constant <i>TMP</i> or constant flux conditions. To control membrane fouling and maintain sustainable operation, the concept of critical flux has been discussed by several researchers. Various fouling mechanisms, such as macromolecule adsorption, pore plugging, or cake build-up, as well as hydrodynamic conditions, for example aeration, can take place at the membrane surface. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration and air bubble flow rate (ABFR) on the critical flux and fouling behavior, when treating refinery-produced wastewater. To determine the critical flux values, the experimental flux-steps were the following: (1) the filtration began with a 30 min step duration at a low flux (10 to 20 L/m<sup>2</sup>h); (2) at the end of this step (after 30 min), the permeate flux was increased, (3) this step was repeated until the <i>TMP</i> did not remain constant at the constant permeate flux, (4) the critical flux was then achieved. A critical flux model with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9 was, therefore, derived, which indicates that the particle properties were regulated by the suspended solids. The increase of MLSS concentration, from 3 mg/L to 4.5 mg/L, resulted in a decrease of the permeate flux by 18%. Moreover, an increase in ABFR, from 1.2 mL/min to 2.4 mL/min, increased the permeate flux, but this decreased with a greater flow rate of aeration. To assess the stability and reversibility of fouling during critical flux (<i>J<sub>c</sub></i>) determination using a mixed matrix membrane, flux-step methods were utilized. A step height of 14.3 L/m<sup>2</sup>h and 30 min duration were arbitrarily chosen. The flux increased to 32.5 L/m<sup>2</sup>h with a slight increase of trans membrane pressure (<i>TMP</i>), while the rate of increase became significant at a higher flux of 143.6 L/m<sup>2</sup>h, due to fouling. Overall, this study proved that the response of MLSS concentration and aeration affected the membrane performance, based on the critical flux and fouling behavior.
Reactive oxygen species in photochemistry of the red fluorescent protein “Killer Red” (2011)

The fluorescent protein aptly named "Killer Red" (KRed) is capable of killing transfected cells and inactivating fused proteins upon exposure to visible light in the presence of oxygen. We have investigated the source of the bioactive species through a variety of photophysical and photochemical techniques. Our results indicate a Type I (electron transfer mediated) photosensitizing mechanism.
Interleukin-3 and interleukin-1 alpha allow earlier bone marrow progenitors to respond to human colony-stimulating factor 1 (1988)

By using human bone marrow cells enriched for early progenitors by selective immunoadsorption and plated at low cell density (10(3) to 10(4) cells/mL/9.6 cm2) in semisolid methylcellulose culture, we have analyzed the cooperative effects of human colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and gibbon as well as human recombinant IL-3 on the formation of monocytic colonies. CSF-1 alone stimulated mature monocytic colony formation by human CFU-M. However, in the presence of IL-3 and erythropoietin, CSF-1 stimulated maximal immature monocytic colony formation at low concentrations and inhibited the formation of granulomonocytic, erythrocytic, and mixed colonies. Cultures with CSF-1 and IL-3 contained more immature monocytic colonies than did cultures with CSF-1 alone. IL-1 alpha alone had little effect. However, IL-1 alpha in combination with optimal concentrations of either CSF-1, GM-CSF, or IL-3 increased the number of colonies containing immature or mature monocytic colonies.
A fast optimization strategy for power dispatching in a microgrid with storage (2013)

This paper proposes a fast strategy for optimal dispatching of power flows in a microgrid with storage. The investigated approach is based on the use of standard Linear Programming (LP) algorithm in association with a coarse but linear model of the microgrid. The control references resulting from the LP optimization are adapted in order to comply with a finer model which takes nonlinear features (efficiencies) into account. This approach allows simulating long periods of time and estimating the cost effectiveness with regard to various energy price policies. It would lead to a systemic optimization that would integrate the management strategy device sizing.
A new oral testosterone (TLANDO) treatment regimen without dose titration requirement for male hypogonadism (2022)

TLANDO restored testosterone levels to the normal range in the majority of hypogonadal males. This new oral testosterone replacement therapy can provide an option for no-titration oral testosterone replacement therapy. This therapy has the potential to improve patient compliance in testosterone replacement therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRANOSIDULOSES. XI. SOME SYNTHETIC ROUTES TO 2,3,6‐TRIDEOXYHEX‐2‐ENOPYRANOSIDES AND ‐HEX‐2‐ENOPYRANOSID‐4‐ULOSES (1976)

Abstract Synthesewege zu den Titelverbindungen (III),(VID bzw. (XI) mit leicht zugänglichen und billigen Ausgangsmaterialien werden entwickelt: l. Die Überführung des aus dem Dimesylat (I) nach bekannter Methode erhältlichen Bromids (IIa) in (IIb) gelingt mit Zn‐Cu‐Paar in siedendem Eisessig; reduktive Eliminierungsreaktion von (IIb) nach bekannter Methode gibt (III) in mäßiger Ausbeute.
Composition and Structure of the Anion Layer in the Organic Superconductor κ‘-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3:  Optical Study (2001)

By means of the methodical optical study of the organic superconductor κ‘-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3, its true chemical formula was proven to be κ-(ET+0.5(1-x))2Cu+2-y-xCu+2x(CN)3-2y[N(CN)2]y.In organic materials, this is the first superconducting system with a variety of Tc's. It was obtained from a Mott-insulator of κ-(ET)2X type by two cooperative phenomena, doping Cu+ → Cu2+ (x) and exchanging of NC−Cu−CN by NC−N−CN (y), without a major change in the size/symmetry of the anion layer.
Heat Flow and Inclusion Behaviour in a Tundish for Slab Casting (1991)

An analysis of metal flow, heat transfer and inclusion flotation in a tundish is carried out. Computations are presented to illustrate the significant role of the thermal natural convection current in mixing the upper and lower layers of steel when substantial heat losses take place from the liquid steel's surface and/or the sidewalls of the tundish. The use of flow modification devices is shown to be helpful in further reducing effluent density level of inclusions at the intermediate to larger size ranges. However, small inclusions (e.g. < 40 μm) are not readily removed, with or without flow modifications, on account of their low Stokes rising velocities. It is also shown that sloping sidewalls are helpful in removing inclusions and reducing thermal natural convection effects, but lead to slightly higher temperature losses in the metal. Scientific visualization of the results is also carried out, and these prove critical for interpreting the massive amounts of data generated by such complicated computations. In particular, the spiral looping and stochastic nature of flows, not evident in two-dimensional representations, are clearly revealed in animation sequences.
Characterization ofYarrowia lipolyticaXPR2multi-copy strains over-producing alkaline extracellular protease - a system for rapidly increasing secretory pathway cargo loads (2012)

Upon transfer to alkaline extracellular protease (AEP) induction medium, strain 773-2 (50 integrated copies of XPR2), derived from highly inbred strain E129, grew for at least 10 h before AEP production began, and then growth rate decreased before increasing again; by then, cells had lost copies of XPR2 (Le Dall et al., 1994). Slowing of growth following AEP induction suggested that increased secretory pathway cargo load was affecting cell growth and that such a system had potential for secretion stress studies. Development of W29-derived XPR2 multi-copy strains and improved AEP induction conditions realized this potential. AEP production was sixfold higher than for 773-2. Rapid AEP induction and slowing of growth by 3 h minimized loss of XPR2 gene copies. Two strains, examined in more detail, differed in initial AEP productivity, extent of slowing of growth during AEP induction, and subsequent recovery of growth rate and AEP productivity demonstrating that the system provides a range of secretion stresses and ensuing adaptations. W29-derived strains should be more 'wild type' than 773-2 for secretory pathway components and their regulation. They should provide an excellent system for kinetic analysis of gene expression responses to acute increases in secretory pathway cargo load.
CRISPR/Cas9 Screening for Identification of Genes Required for the Growth of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Cells (2022)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is classified into four major histological subtypes: serous, clear cell, endometrioid and mucinous. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) responds poorly to conventional chemotherapies and shows poor prognosis. Thus, there is a need to develop new drugs for the treatment of OCCC. In this study, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 screens against OCCC cell lines and identified candidate genes important for their proliferation. We found that quite different genes are required for the growth of ARID1A and PIK3CA mutant and wild-type OCCC cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the epigenetic regulator KDM2A and the translation regulator PAIP1 may play important roles in the growth of ARID1A and PIK3CA mutant, but not wild-type, OCCC cells. The results of our CRISPR/Cas9 screening may be useful in elucidating the molecular mechanism of OCCC tumorigenesis and in developing OCCC-targeted drugs.
The Activity of Antimicrobial Surfaces Varies by Testing Protocol Utilized (2016)

Varying results between protocols suggested that efficacy of antimicrobial surfaces cannot be easily and reproducibly compared. Clinical use should be considered and further development of representative methods is needed.