gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cu-ZSM-5 Prepared by Solid-State Ion Exchange of H-ZSM-5 with CuCl (2006)

The solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) of H-ZSM-5 by CuCl vapor was investigated with the objective of establishing the effects of the temperature at which exchange is carried out on the level of proton exchange for Cu+, the position of the Cu+ cations relative to the zeolite lattice, and the extent of CuCl occlusion in the zeolite pores. After SSIE, the resulting Cu-ZSM-5 was characterized by XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, infrared spectroscopy, H2-TPR, and Cu and Cl K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Evidence was found for clusters of CuCl, in addition to Cu+ cations present at zeolite cation-exchange positions (ZCu). It was also observed that a part of the occluded CuCl is hydrolyzed to Cu2O during SSIE. The distribution of ZCu, CuCl, and Cu2O was a strong function of the temperature at which cation exchange was carried out. Virtually complete exchange of all Brønsted acid protons for Cu+ cations was achieved at a SSIE temperature of 1023 K. No loss of framework Al was observed at this temperature, and only 10% of the copper introduced into the zeolite was occluded as CuCl. The Cu+ cations exchanged for Brønsted acid protons are both doubly and triply coordinated to O atoms, with an average Cu−O bond distance of 1.98 Å. Cu EXAFS and Cl XANES indicated that CuCl is occluded in the form of (CuCl)n (n = 2, 3, 4) clusters in the channels and intersections of the zeolite. With a decrease in the amount of occluded CuCl, the amount of Cu2O formed by hydrolysis during SSIE decreases substantially.
Xenos peckii's Compound Eye Structure Inspired Flat Microlens Array for Super-resolution Imaging (2021)

Inspired by compound eye structures found in insects, we demonstrate an ultrathin arrayed camera enabled by a flat multilevel diffractive microlens array for super-resolution visible imaging, with resolution improvement factor of 1.4 compared to the diffraction limit.
P4F-2 Ultrasonic Elastography and Plane Strain Inverse Algorithms for Polymer Gel Dosimetry (2007)

In radiation therapy, 3D-dosimetry is needed for quality assurance of complicated irradiation geometries. Here, a preliminary evaluation of a combined system for dosimetry based on radiation sensitive gels, ultrasonic elastography and a plane strain inverse algorithm is presented. A block of gel was irradiated along one of its axes producing a stiff rod-like region. Good stiffness contrast between this region and the homogeneous background was found, generating the correct absolute dose in the rod-area. Noise in the background and boundary condition artifacts, prevented the accuracy and precision needed in dosimetry, but improvements of the experimental setup and the assumptions in the inverse computation remain possible. The promising result suggests that a system based on measuring stiffness contrast in radiation sensitive gels may be used in the future for the measurement of dose- distributions.
Optimized run-time race detection and atomicity checking using partial discovered types (2005)

Concurrent programs are notorious for containing errors that are difficult to reproduce and diagnose. Two common kinds of concurrency errors are data races and atomicity violations (informally, atomicity means that executing methods concurrently is equivalent to executing them serially). Several static and dynamic (run-time) analysis techniques exist to detect potential races and atomicity violations. Run-time checking may miss errors in unexecuted code and incurs significant run-time overhead. On the other hand, run-time checking generally produces fewer false alarms than static analysis; this is a significant practical advantage, since diagnosing all of the warnings from static analysis of large codebases may be prohibitively expensive.This paper explores the use of static analysis to significantly decrease the overhead of run-time checking. Our approach is based on a type system for analyzing data races and atomicity. A type discovery algorithm is used to obtain types for as much of the program as possible (complete type inference for this type system is NP-hard, and parts of the program might be untypable). Warnings from the typechecker are used to identify parts of the program from which run-time checking can safely be omitted. The approach is completely automatic, scalable to very large programs, and significantly reduces the overhead of run-time checking for data races and atomicity violations.
ADJUVANT IMMUNOCHEMOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER (1981)

[in Japanese]
Mid-term survivorship analysis of a shoulder replacement with a keeled glenoid and a modern cementing technique (2010)

We have investigated the mid-term outcome of total shoulder replacement using a keeled cemented glenoid component and a modern cementing technique with regard to the causes of failure and loosening of the components. Between 1997 and 2003 we performed 96 total shoulder replacements on 88 patients, 24 men and 64 women with a mean age of 69.7 years (31 to 82). The minimum follow-up was five years and at the time of review 87 shoulders (77 patients) were examined at a mean follow-up of 89.1 months (60 to 127). Cumulative survival curves were generated with re-operations (accomplished and planned), survivorship of the proshesis, loosening of the glenoid (defined as tilt > 5 degrees or subsidence > 5 mm), the presence of radiolucent lines and a Constant score of < 30 as the endpoints. There were two re-operations not involving revision of the implants and the survival rate of the prosthesis was 100.0% for the follow-up period, with an absolute Constant score of > 30 as the endpoint the survival rate was 98%. Radiological glenoid loosening was 9% after five years, and 33% after nine years. There was an incidence of 8% of radiolucent lines in more than three of six zones in the immediate post-operative period, of 37.0% after the first year which increased to 87.0% after nine years. There was no correlation between the score of Boileau and the total Constant score at the latest follow-up, but there was correlation between glenoid loosening and pain (p = 0.001). We found that total shoulder replacement had an excellent mid-term survivorship and clinical outcome. The surgical and cementing techniques were related to the decrease in radiolucent lines around the glenoid compared with earlier studies. One concern, however, was the fact that radiolucent lines increased over time and there was a rate of glenoid loosening of 9% after five years and 33% after nine years. This suggests that the design of the glenoid component, and the implantation and cementing techniques may need further improvement.
Microbial and Ecological Investigations of Recent Cinder Cones, Deception Island, Antarctica‐‐A Preliminary Report (1970)

Cinder cones that arose December 1967 within Telefon Bay, Deception Island, Antarctica, were investigated 1 year later to determine the establishment of microorganisms and cryptogams. Culture media were inoculated to determine the presence and abundance of algae, fungi, heteorotrophic and chemoautotrophic, aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria. No mosses or lichens had become established on the cones. Algae, fungi, and bacteria were generally most abundant around fumaroles emitting moisture and CO 2 . Several samples contained few or no culturable microorganisms. "Soil" properties of coarse—textured, relatively unweathered acid volcanic materials were unfavorable for growth, despite the presence of moisture. Microorganisms were identified from the cinder cones and included primarily soil diphtheroids and Bacillus spp., Chlorococcum humicola, and Penicillium spp. Most of the bacteria could grow at 2°C as well as at 20°C.
Diagnostics and Experimental Therapy (1995)

It is the Research Program’s goal to make new molecular-biological developments in the areas of cell biology, virology, and immunology accessible for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Triacylglycerols of evening primrose oenothera biennis seed oil (1989)

Abstracts The triacylglycerol (TG) composition of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) seed oil (EPO) was studied using a combination of silver nitrate thin layer chromatography (AgNO```3``‐TLC), reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The important TGs in EPO are LLL (24.4%), LLO (23.9%), LLP (11.5%), LOO (7.2%), LOP (6.8%), LLS (4.8%), γLnLp (3.7%), LOS (3.3%), γLnLS (2.0%), γLnLL (2.0%), LPP (1.9%), OOO (1.7%), LSP (1.3%) and γLnLO (1.0%).
TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR MENISCAL REGENERATION (2006)

Introduction: Total meniscectomy can cause cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. The healing capacity of the meniscus is limited. Bioengineered meniscus can be a valid therapeutic option. Within the framework of the European Project MENISCUS, a pilot animal study was conducted to evaluate surgical technique, critical defect size, implant ingrowth and postoperative mobilization using a meniscus replacement device. Materials and Method: Six sheep were operated on their right stifle joints. 3 sheep received a total meniscus replacement with a 3D biomaterial fixed with sutures. Additionally, controls without implant were operated. The sheep were sacrificed and evaluated clinically and histologically after 6 weeks. Results: All implants showed excellent adhesion to the capsule and a good ingrowth at the periphery and the horns. Tissue formation was confirmed histologically. Conclusions: Tissue ingrowth of the implant was demonstrated. The promising results concerning tissue formation and its meniscus like properties will have to be confirmed in future long-term studies.
Thermal component model for electrothermal analysis of IGBT module systems (2001)

The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are getting more accepted and increasingly used in power electronic systems as high power and high voltage switching components. However, IGBT technology with high speed and greater packaging density leads to higher power densities on the chips and increases higher operating temperatures. These operating temperatures in turn lead to an increase of the failure rate and a reduction of the reliability. In this paper, the static and dynamic thermal behavior of IGBT module system mounted on a water-cooled heat sink is analyzed. Although three-dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM) delivers very accurate results, its usage is limited by an imposed computation time in arbitrary load cycles. Therefore, an RC component model (RCCM) is investigated to extract thermal resistances and time constants for a thermal network. The uniqueness of the RCCM is an introduction of the time constants based on the Elmore delay, which represents the propagation delay of the heat flux through the physical geometry of each layer. The dynamic behavior predicted by the thermal network is equivalent to numerical solutions of the 3-D FEM. The RCCM quickly offers insight into the physical layers of the components and provides useful information in a few minutes for the arbitrary or periodic power waveforms. This approach enables a system designer to couple the thermal prediction with a circuit simulator to analyze the electrothermal behavior of IGBT module system, simultaneously.
Public transport infrastructure, urban sprawl, and post-carbon cities (2011)

Curbing greenhouse gases emissions from transport in cities is a major challenge for climate policies. The pioneering works of Newman and Kenworthy suggest that many of these emissions could be avoidable, since they result from city densities and the share of road traffic in urban transport. However, implementing a change raises difficult questions. The respective roles of transport and land use policies are controversial. There is an intense debate about priorities between proponents of vehicle efficiency improvements, advocates of abrupt changes in mobility behaviours, and heralds of public transport. In Europe, the sustainable city is generally seen as the inversion of the urban sprawl process, coupled with the densification of inner suburbs thanks to new public transport infrastructure. Our analysis provides an argument in favour of this scenario, by noting that cost-benefit assessments of these projects should take into account the benefits of induced changes in urban densities, even for marginal extensions. But all factors impacting urban sprawl must also be properly valued. A stylised example of the model shows that the view a single pre-determined type of post-carbon city is thus far too simplistic. JEL classification: R48, R52
DC Fault Ride-Through of a Three-Phase Dual-Active Bridge Converter for DC Grids (2018)

DC fault ride-through capability is a highly desired feature of three-phase dual-active bridge (DAB3) converters in a dc distribution grid. However, the state-of-the-art modulations schemes for DAB3 converters such as single phase-shift and asymmetrical duty-cycle control have a limited dc fault ride-through capability due to either the resulting high peak currents or a limited power transfer capability and the lack of 0 V ride-through capability. In this paper, a space-vector-based asymmetrical duty-cycle control method is proposed allowing the DAB3 converter to ride through a dc fault down to 0 V with a controllable peak current of the devices and feature a significantly higher power transfer capability at low voltage-ratios. Moreover, soft switching turn-on is still realized for all semiconductor devices during the dc fault ride-through operation. The proposed method can be combined with the asymmetrical duty-cycle control and single phase-shift modulation to achieve a fast-dynamic control of the DAB3 converter even during dc faults. Validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation of a 300 kW DAB3 converter.
Reducing Commutativity Verification to Reachability with Differencing Abstractions (2020)

Commutativity of data structure methods is of ongoing interest, with roots in the database community. In recent years commutativity has been shown to be a key ingredient to enabling multicore concurrency in contexts such as parallelizing compilers, transactional memory, speculative execution and, more broadly, software scalability. Despite this interest, it remains an open question as to how a data structure's commutativity specification can be verified automatically from its implementation. In this paper, we describe techniques to automatically prove the correctness of method commutativity conditions from data structure implementations. We introduce a new kind of abstraction that characterizes the ways in which the effects of two methods differ depending on the order in which the methods are applied, and abstracts away effects of methods that would be the same regardless of the order. We then describe a novel algorithm that reduces the problem to reachability, so that off-the-shelf program analysis tools can perform the reasoning necessary for proving commutativity. Finally, we describe a proof-of-concept implementation and experimental results, showing that our tool can verify commutativity of data structures such as a memory cell, counter, two-place Set, array-based stack, queue, and a rudimentary hash table. We conclude with a discussion of what makes a data structure's commutativity provable with today's tools and what needs to be done to prove more in the future.
Efficient Speech Dereverberation for Binaural Hearing Aids (2012)

An efficient two-stage algorithm for binaural cue preserving speech dereverberation by spectral weighting is presented. The first stage reduces late reverberant speech components where the second stage aims at a suppression of non-coherent early and remaining late reverberant speech components. The proposed system is based on the binaural speech dereverberation algorithm of Jeub et al. [3]. In contrast to that contribution, the realization of the needed delayand-sum beamformer and the blind estimation of reverberation time and time-difference-of-arrivalwith low complexity and low delay is tackled. In addition, the problem of a decreased signal energy for the enhanced signal due to spectral weighting is addressed by an efficient approach.
Toll-like receptors: dysregulation in vivo in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. (2005)

Thus, TLRs gene dysregulation and cytokine profiles are probably important prognostic factors for patient outcome and survival after ARDS.
Conformational Partitioning in pH-Induced Fluorescence of the Kindling Fluorescent Protein (KFP) (2011)

Kindling fluorescent protein (KFP) is considered as a prospective fluorophore for high-resolution nanoscopy. Analysis of pH dependence of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of KFP in aqueous solutions prompted us to assume that a shift in conformational equilibrium is responsible for substantial enhancement of red fluorescence in KFP at alkaline pH. Variations in pH also resulted in noticeable shifts in band maxima for absorption, fluorescence excitation, and fluorescence emission. These observations can be interpreted as an appearance of pH-induced fluorescent conformational states of the protein. On the basis of the available crystal structures of the protein and the results of molecular modeling, we suggest that appearance of these pH-induced fluorescent states is due to changes in the hydrogen bond network around the chromophore moiety (but not the cromophore itself), especially those associated with the side chains of Cys62 and Ser158. We hypothesize that conformational partitioning and fluctuations in protein ionization at alkali pH play an essential role in the appearance of fluorescent properties of KFP.
Frozen Protein Arrays (2008)

This chapter describes the rationale behind and means of construction of inexpensive, low to moderate throughput protein arrays. The method of construction is based on injection of analytes into a block of frozen optimum cutting temperature (OCT), the gel media used for frozen sections, and sectioned on a cryostat. The "array section" is applied to a nitrocellulose pad. Once on nitrocellulose, the array can be utilized in any fashion desired. The analytes can be any biologic sample including peptides, proteins, antibodies, cells, nucleic acids, or any other material that can tolerate freezing. This platform provides investigators a flexible inexpensive easy-to-fashion platform to create multiplex assays both in the number of samples analyzed and in the types of assays.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH ON THE DAMAGE LIMIT STATE AND INITIAL RIGIDITY OF BUILT-UP BEAM BY ANALOGY WITH ITACOLUMITE MICROSTRUCTURE (2005)

In this study, the SRB-DUP (Steel Reinforced Brick based on Distributed Unbond Prestress theory) built-up beam by analogy with Itacolumite microstructure is proposed. The structural design formula for bending moment on the damage limit state and the initial flexural rigidity of the built-up beam by proposed construction method is verified in the experiment. As a result, it is found that the bending moment when the plastic deformation is occurred in the beam is larger than the bending moment M_<AS> on the damage limit state. And it is found that the initial flexural rigidity analyzed is closed to an experimental value.
Specification and design of input devices for teleoperation (2002)

Guidelines are developed for the specification of input devices for use in teleoperation and related to the performance of systems where data are available. To date, little work has focused on such specifications, and this has made comparisons and evaluations of alternative solutions difficult. The general features of existing and potential designs are described, and their performance is analyzed in relation to previously generated specifications. The future of input device design is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Green Synthesis of High Quantum Yield Carbon Dots from Phenylalanine and Citric Acid: Role of Stoichiometry and Nitrogen Doping (2020)

Despite a growing interest in carbon dots (CDs), notably for their potential as a more sustainable, less toxic alternative to inorganic quantum dots, the critical factors affecting their physical, chemical, and optical properties are relatively unknown, limiting their widespread use. Herein, a one-pot hydrothermal method was used to synthesize CDs from citric acid and phenylalanine. CDs were synthesized over a range of reactant ratios, from pure citric acid to pure phenylalanine and seven mixed ratios in between, achieving a quantum yield (QY) as high as 65% with a peak excitation/emission of 350/413 nm. The goal was to determine the role of stoichiometry on the chemical and structural composition of CDs, particularly its impact on nitrogen doping, and in turn its effect on QY. We showed that a wide range of reactant ratios tend toward reacting in a stoichiometric 2:1 molar ratio of phenylalanine to citric acid whereby the resulting CDs have similar chemical composition and QY. Using this ratio may lead to a more efficient and sustainable mass production process by reducing and reusing reactant waste. The QY of the CDs was found to be more dependent on the oxygen-to-carbon ratio and the relative amount of carboxyl oxygen in the CD than it was on the nitrogen-to-carbon ratio. The resulting CDs also showed Fe3+ sensing capabilities through static fluorescence quenching with a limit of detection of 3.5 μM. This study provides new insights which may be useful for the optimization of the green synthesis of CDs for more widespread applications.
Effects of methanolic extract of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) on microbial growth (2012)

Summary The antimicrobial activity of a methanolic extract of the common edible fruit Prunus cerasus L. was evaluated. HPLC analysis of the extract revealed the abundant presence of anthocyanins. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria was in the range 2–6.6 mg mL −1 , whereas the time‐kill assay revealed that the bactericidal effect was exerted only at concentrations higher than 2× MIC. Interestingly, at concentrations lower than MIC, P. cerasus L. extract exerted a stimulating effect on bacterial proliferation and on the ability to form biofilms. In particular, a multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain showed a 30% increase in growth at low concentrations. In the light of this finding, we speculate that the use of berry extracts (rich in anthocyanins) may present some risks to human health when used as preservatives in food and cosmetic products.
Efficient solar-driven electrochemical CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons and oxygenates (2017)

In a process analogous to natural photosynthesis, solar-driven reduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon and oxygenate products is demonstrated with an overall efficiency exceeding 5%.