gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung von Medizinrobotern zur Assistenz bei operativen Eingriffen (2009)

Der Erfolg versprechende Einsatz von Robotersystemen in der Chirurgie erfordert Betriebsmodi, die sich grundlegend von der vollautomatischen Arbeitsweise industrieller Systeme unterscheiden. Es ist eine in hohem Mase interaktive Arbeitsweise der Roboter erforderlich, bei der der Operateur nicht ersetzt, sondern in den Arbeitsschritten unterstutzt wird, wo der menschlichen Wahrnehmungsfahigkeit und dem menschlichen Geschick Grenzen gesetzt sind. In dem Beitrag wird die Umsetzung dieses Konzepts bei der Entwicklung eines universellen chirurgischen Assistenzroboters beschrieben. Die Grundidee besteht in der Integration eines medizinischen Navigationssystems, bei dem die raumliche Lage der chirurgischen Instrumente erfasst und auf dem Bildschirm dargestellt wird, und eines Roboterarms. Der Roboterarm stellt dabei eine mechatronische Erganzung des Navigationssystems dar, die als intelligenter Instrumentenhalter zur Fuhrung und Positionierung der chirurgischen Werkzeuge eingesetzt wird. Der Operateur kann ihn interaktiv uber einen am Flansch angebrachten Kraft-/Momentensensor fuhren und vor sowie wahrend des Eingriffes bestimmte Grundstellungen vorgeben. Eine Besonderheit ist der Patienten-Nachfuhr-Betrieb, bei dem der Roboter online kleinen, bei der Operation moglichen Patientenbewegungen folgt und die Orientierung zwischen chirurgischem Instrument und Patientenanatomie immer konstant halt.
A Comparison of Optical Colonoscopy and CT Colonography Screening Strategies in the Detection and Recovery of Subcentimeter Adenomas (2010)

(i) An OC screening program detects and recovers a significant four and a half fold greater number of non-advanced adenomas compared with a CTC screening program. (ii) The primary difference between screening with OC and CTC is the recovery and management of the subcentimeter adenoma.
Nitrothiophene carboxamides, a novel narrow spectrum antibacterial series: Mechanism of action and Efficacy (2018)

The mechanism of efflux is a tour-de-force in the bacterial armoury that has thwarted the development of novel antibiotics. We report the discovery of a novel chemical series with potent antibacterial properties that was engineered to overcome efflux liability. Compounds liable to efflux specifically via the Resistance Nodulation and cell Division (RND) pump, AcrAB-TolC were chosen for a hit to lead progression. Using structure-based design, the compounds were optimised to lose their binding to the efflux pump, thereby making them potent on wild-type bacteria. We discovered these compounds to be pro-drugs that require activation in E. coli by specific bacterial nitroreductases NfsA and NfsB. Hit to lead chemistry led to the generation of compounds that were potent on wild-type and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of E. coli, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. These compounds are bactericidal and efficacious in a mouse thigh infection model.
Tear cytokine response to multipurpose solutions for contact lenses (2013)

The tear cytokine assay can detect and differentiate contact lens/MPS induced increases in inflammatory cytokines. Changes in cytokine levels were consistent with measurement of hyperemia and dryness but not with SICS scores, thereby suggesting a proinflammatory response to OFR compared to RNF that is not related to SICS test score. Tear cytokine profiles may be useful for reconciling clinical relevance of test results and in revealing signaling involved in the development of corneal infiltrative events.
Characterization of a Protein-based Adhesive Elastomer Secreted by the Australian Frog Notaden bennetti (2005)

When provoked, Notaden bennetti frogs secrete an exudate which rapidly forms a tacky elastic solid ("frog glue"). This protein-based material acts as a promiscuous pressure-sensitive adhesive that functions even in wet conditions. We conducted macroscopic tests in air to assess the tensile strength of moist glue (up to 78 +/- 8 kPa) and the shear strength of dry glue (1.7 +/- 0.3 MPa). We also performed nanomechanical measurements in water to determine the adhesion (1.9-7.2 nN or greater), resilience (43-56%), and elastic modulus (170-1035 kPa) of solid glue collected in different ways. Dry glue contains little carbohydrate and consists mainly of protein. The protein complement is rich in Gly (15.8 mol %), Pro (8.8 mol %), and Glu/Gln (14.1 mol %); it also contains some 4-hydroxyproline (4.6 mol %) but no 5-hydroxylysine or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa). Denaturing gel electrophoresis of the glue reveals a characteristic pattern of proteins spanning 13-400 kDa. The largest protein (Nb-1R, apparent molecular mass 350-500 kDa) is also the most abundant, and this protein appears to be the key structural component. The solid glue can be dissolved in dilute acids; raising the ionic strength causes the glue components to self-assemble spontaneously into a solid which resembles the starting material. We describe scattering studies on dissolved and solid glue and provide microscopy images of glue surfaces and sections, revealing a porous interior that is consistent with the high water content (85-90 wt %) of moist glue. In addition to compositional similarities with other biological adhesives and well-known elastomeric proteins, the circular dichroism spectrum of dissolved glue is almost identical to that for soluble elastin and electron and scanning probe microscopy images invite comparison with silk fibroins. Covalent cross-linking does not seem to be necessary for the glue to set.
Endocrinologic milieu and susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis. (1982)

The incidence of DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats depends upon their previous reproductive histories. Young virgin rats (YV) are highly susceptible to the carcinogen, while old virgin rats (OV) are less susceptible, and parous rats (P) are resistant. The authors performed endocrinologic studies in these three groups of rats in order to determine whether the different susceptibility to carcinogenesis, according to the reproductive history, is or is not related to the hormonal milieu. The pituitary, the ovaries, the adrenals, and the mammary glands were processed for light microscopy. Pituitary prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone cells were immunostained by peroxidase-antiperoxidase and quantitated with an image analyzer. Radioimmunoassays of serum and pituitary PRL and serum estradiol were also done. The results showed no differences in the hormonal milieu of YV, OV, and P rats at the time of carcinogen treatment. Several changes were observed after DMBA administration, the most conspicuous being 1) hyperplasia of pituitary PRL cells, 2) high serum PRL levels, 3) nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, 4) high serum estradiol levels, and 5) lack of adrenal necrosis in P rats and some OV rats. These modifications did not correlate with the degree of susceptibility of YV, OV, and P rats to carcinogenesis, supporting the concept of the importance of the mammary gland differentiation at the moment of carcinogen administration. (Am J Pathol 1982, 109:47-56).
Flow battery with electrolyte rebalancing system (2023)

The present invention relates to flow battery systems including a flow battery and an electrolyte rebalancing system. In accordance with certain embodiments, the electrolytes used in the systems of the present invention are aqueous, and in one embodiment, bromine species are used as redox-active species.
Calcium channel blocker use and gastrointestinal tract bleeding among older adults (2001)

P56 Previous studies suggest that calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may be associated with bleeding complications. We examined the association between CCB use and hospitalization for gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding among hypertensive older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Within the CHS population of adults >=65 years old, a cohort of pharmacologically-treated hypertensive individuals was identified (n=2,189 at baseline). Hospitalized GI tract bleeding events during follow-up (n=121) were identified using computerized data and validated using medical records. Information on medication use and other risk factors for bleeding was assessed at yearly examinations. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent predictor variables. Compared with use of other antihypertensive medications, use of CCBs was associated with a HR of 1.37 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-1.98) for any hospitalized GI tract bleeding, after adjustment for age and cardiovascular disease status. Further adjustment for other known risk factors for GI tract bleeding had little effect. The HRs associated with each of the major CCB subclasses and release formulations were similar. Subjects who used the lowest daily doses of CCBs had the highest risk. The HR associated with CCB use was 1.32 for upper GI tract bleeding (95% CI = 0.82-2.13), 1.19 for lower GI tract bleeding (95% CI = 0.64-2.23), 1.49 for peptic ulcer-related bleeding (95% CI = 0.70-3.20), and 1.98 for “life-threatening” bleeding (95% CI = 1.08-3.63). In this study, the HR associated with CCB use was consistent with a moderately elevated risk of hospitalized GI tract bleeding but was not significantly different from the null. Ongoing clinical trials will help to clarify whether CCBs cause bleeding complications.
Celiac Disease-Associated Autoimmune Endocrinopathies (2001)

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder induced by gluten intake in genetically susceptible individuals. It is characterized by the presence of serum antibodies to endomysium, reticulin, gliadin, and tissue transglutaminase. The incidence of CD in various autoimmune disorders is increased 10- to 30-fold in comparison to the general population, although in many cases CD is clinically asymptomatic or silent. The identification of such cases with CD is important since it may help in the control of type I diabetes or endocrine functions in general, as well as in the prevention of long-term complications of CD, such as lymphoma. It is believed that CD may predispose an individual to other autoimmune disorders such as type I diabetes, autoimmune thyroid, and other endocrine diseases and that gluten may be a possible trigger. The onset of type I diabetes at an early age in patients with CD, compared to non-CD, and the prevention or delay in onset of diabetes by gluten-free diet in genetically predisposed individuals substantiates this antigen trigger hypothesis. Early identification of CD patients in highly susceptible population may result in the treatment of subclinical CD and improved control of associated disorders.
Visualization of processes in self-learning systems (2012)

One aspect of self-organizing systems is their desired ability to be self-learning, i.e., to be able to adapt dynamically to conditions in their environment. This quality is awkward especially if it comes to applications in security or safety-sensitive areas. Here a step towards more trustful systems could be taken by providing transparency of the processes of a system. An important means of giving feedback to an operator is the visualization of the internal processes of a system. In this position paper we address the problem of visualizing dynamic processes especially in self-learning systems. We take an existing self-learning system from the field of computer vision as an example from which we derive questions of general interest such as possible options to visualize the flow of information in a dynamic learning system or the visualization of symbolic data. As a side effect the visualization of learning processes may provide a better understanding of underlying principles of learning in general, i.e, also in biological systems. That may also facilitate improved designs of future self-learning systems.
Co-oxidation of mercaptans and olefins (1959)

Blends of a mercaptan and an olefin in cetane were stored in open flasks at 43.3/sup 0/C (110/sup 0/F) for periods up to one month. The amount of sediment formed was determined by weight. The mercaptans studied included thiophenol, p-toluene thiol, 2-naphthalene thiol, n-dodecyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, and 4-chlorothiophenol. The olefins included octene, dodecene, octadecene, indene, and styrene. Indene alone, blended with cetane, produced some sediment. The other olefins studied did not produce sediment in cetane by themselves; however, an olefin and mercaptan together in cetane caused formation of sediment. An aromatic mercaptan plus an olefin generally produced more sediment than an aliphatic mercaptan plus olefin. The mechanism for the co-oxidation of mercaptans and olefins is discussed.
<title>Development of sapphire windows for use in high-quality IR imaging systems</title> (1992)

A polishing process for fabricating high-quality optical sapphire windows is presented. This process was successfully used to produce very high aspect ratio, as high as 1500:1, sapphire windows for use in optical imaging systems. During the development of the process as unusual print-through phenomenon was discussed. This replication of surface features on the blocking bodies, such as bumps or grooves, onto the polished window surface produced distortion in the final wavefront and degraded window performance. A method of bonding smaller, thick sapphire panes into a larger optical window is also presented. A glass fritting process utilizing two different temperature frits is discussed. The optical errors encountered during fritting which contribute to the optical error budget and methods for minimizing their effect on the wavefront of the final window are also reviewed. An 8' diameter X 0.435' optical sapphire window was produced using this fritting technology.
Head‐to‐head polymers. XXXVI: Synthesis and polymerization of 2,3‐di[1(or 2)‐naphthyl]butadiene‐1,3 (1987)

Abstract 2,3‐Di(1‐naphthyl)butadicne‐1,3 and 2,3‐di(2‐naphthyl)butadiene‐1,3 were synthesized by dehydrobromination of 2,3‐di(1‐naphthyl)1,4‐dibromobutane and 2,3‐di(2‐naphthyl)1,4‐dibromobutane, respectively, using sodium ethoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide as the dehydrobrominating agent. The 2,3‐disubstituted dienes‐1,3 were obtained in yields of 70 to 80% and were characterized. Polymerization of either of the two dienes with azobisisobutyronitrile gave poly[2,3‐di(1(or 2)‐naphthyl)butadiene‐1,3]. The polymers were characterized.
Catalytic insertion of diazo compounds into N–H bonds: the copper alternative (2002)

The complexes TpxCu (Tpx = homoscorpionate) catalyse the insertion of diazo compounds into nitrogen-hydrogen bonds of amines and amides, under very mild conditions, with quantitative yields being obtained with equimolar ratios of reactants.
HDAC6 a new cellular stress surveillance factor (2008)

Less than a decade has passed since HDAC6 was first identified and regarded as an unusual histone deacetylase harbouring two catalytic domains. Early demonstration of its cytoplasmic localisation, its ubiquitin-binding and its tubulin-deacetylase activities took HDAC6 far away from everything known to involve other histone-deacetylases. Recent discoveries confirmed the very unique functions of HDAC6 among deacetylases and pointed to this protein as a master regulator of cell response to cytotoxic assaults. HDAC6 appears both as a sensor of stressful stimuli and as an effector, which, thanks to its wide range of activities, mediates and coordinates appropriate cell responses.
Solving the BEOL compatibility challenge of top-pinned magnetic tunnel junction stacks (2017)

For the first time, we report on 400°C compatible top-pinned perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stacks with dual MgO free layer for STT-MRAM applications. Using a texture-inducing parallel-coupling barrier layer (TICPB), we enforce the pinning layer and control diffusion, which enables BEOL compatibility while keeping TMR as high as 184%. In addition, we demonstrate that using such synthetic ferro-magnetic stack (SFM) design with TICPB layer allows a free layer off-set control and a switching current of 3.8 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 25 nm e-CD devices.
Preparation of Fast Proton-Conducting Phosphate Glass-Derived Hydrogels and their Electrochemical Properties (2006)

When fine-sized 45ZnO·55P2O5 glass powders were mixed with water, hydration immediately occurred, resulting in the formation of a viscous hydrogel. 31P MAS-NMR spectra showed that the hydrogel contains orthophosphates and long polyphosphates. 45ZnO·55P2O5 glass-derived hydrogel (45ZP gel) showed high conductivities of 9.9 mS/cm at 30 °C. The conductivities were related to the proton amount in the hydrogel. The electric double-layer capacitor (EDC) cell for the 45ZP gel showed no oxidation-reduction processes in the range of 0~1 V and the specific capacities of 2.40 F/g. The possibility as an EDC electrolyte may be related to the conductivities of the hydrogels.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Film Cooling Effectiveness and Total Pressure Loss for a Realistic Cascade with an Annular Endwall (2011)

This is a numerical and experimental study on the film cooling effectiveness and pressure loss of cylindrical-shaped film cooling on an annular cascade. Film cooling holes will be employed on the inner diameter endwall, just upstream of the blade stagnation region of GE-E3 first stage high pressure turbine in a subsonic commercial aircraft. For a deeper understanding of the interaction behavior between film cooling jets and secondary flows inside the cascade passage, five (four and two halves) 3D profile airfoils are used to obtain a periodic flow in the middle passage. The experimental test rig has an inner diameter of 970 mm and outer diameter of 1098 mm (scaled 3X actual size). Total pressure loss and loss coefficient after the trailing edge surface are measured using a Five Hole Probe with 0.5 o and 10mm of circumferential and radial increment respectively. Film cooling effectiveness will be reported using a TSP method. Experimental data is validated by an in-house RANS model and by the existing literature. Results show that the pressure loss and film cooling effectiveness found in the test rig coincide with existing literature as well as CFD analysis.
Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived RPE Cells: Understanding the Pathogenesis of Retinopathy in Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (2014)

We demonstrate that the RPE cell model reveals novel early pathogenic changes in LCHADD retinopathy, with robust lipid accumulation, inefficient pigmentation that is evident soon after differentiation, and a defect in forming tight junctions inducing apoptosis. We propose that LCHADD-RPEs are an important model for mitochondrial TFP retinopathy, and that their early pathogenic changes contribute to infantile blindness of LCHADD.
Emerging role of GPR139 on sleep modulation and stress response in rodent models (2018)

Background: We recently demonstrated that the essential amino acids L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine, known to modulate mood and sleep, are physiological ligands for GPR139 (Liu et al., Mol. Pharmacol., 88: 911-25, 2015). GPR139 is exclusively expressed in the brain with highest expression levels measured in medial habenula and septum, and in pituitary gland in rodents and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of GPR139 on sleep and stress modulation in pharmacological and genetic models of GPR139 stimulation or inhibition.
Supplementary Figure 5 from HDM2 Regulation by AURKA Promotes Cell Survival in Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 1254K, AURKA is present in an immunocomplex with HDM2&lt;/p&gt;
Automated Segmentation of Left Ventricular Myocardium on Cardiac Computed Tomography Using Deep Learning (2020)

We present deep learning-based automatic segmentation of the LV myocardium and the results are comparable to manual segmentation data with high sensitivity, specificity, and high similarity scores.
Herausforderungen der Translation von innovativen Produkten und Technologien in die klinische Praxis (2023)

Zusammenfassung In Zeiten der zunehmenden Technisierung und Digitalisierung hat die Bedeutung der translationalen Medizin zugenommen. Eine erfolgreiche Translation von der Grundlagenforschung bis zur klinischen Anwendung ist ein kostspieliger und zeitaufwendiger Prozess, der von vielen Faktoren abhängt. Negative Beispiele aus der Vergangenheit (Thalidomid, Metall-Metall-Paarungen bei der Hüftendoprothetik) zeigen, dass eine Translation auch Risiken für die Patienten birgt. In den letzten Jahren wurden strengere Auflagen für die Herstellung und Zulassung von Medizinprodukten eingeführt, um die Patientensicherheit gewährleisten zu können. Die autologe Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) ist ein Beispiel für eine gelungene Translation. Auf präklinische experimentelle Tierstudien folgten klinische Patientenstudien mit einer Marktzulassung und Implementation in den klinischen Alltag. Die Wirksamkeit allein ist nicht entscheidend, ob dieses Produkt auf dem Markt zugelassen wird. Zwischen der Grundlagenwissenschaft und der Bereitschaft des Markts, in die Weiterentwicklung und Kommerzialisierung eines Produkts zu investieren, ist eine erhebliche Hürde, die auch Tal des Todes genannt wird. Nur wenn diese Hürde überwunden wird, kommt es letztendlich zur Marktzulassung und zum klinischen Einsatz. Das Minced-cartilage-Verfahren zur Behandlung von fokalen Knorpelschäden hat kürzlich diese Hürde genommen und den Translationsprozess abgeschlossen. Aktuell liegen lediglich Kurzzeitergebnisse vor; frühzeitige Anwender verwenden diese Technik bereits, obwohl noch keine randomisierten Studien und mittelfristige Ergebnisse vorliegen. Weitere Studien werden zeigen, ob sich ein klinischer Nutzen abzeichnet und das Produkt am Markt bleibt.
Electro-optic architecture for servicing sensors and actuators in advanced aircraft propulsion systems (1989)

A detailed design of a fiber optic propulsion control system, integrating favored sensors and electro-optics architecture is presented. Layouts, schematics, and sensor lists describe an advanced fighter engine system model. Components and attributes of candidate fiber optic sensors are identified, and evaluation criteria are used in a trade study resulting in favored sensors for each measurand. System architectural ground rules were applied to accomplish an electro-optics architecture for the favored sensors. A key result was a considerable reduction in signal conductors. Drawings, schematics, specifications, and printed circuit board layouts describe the detailed system design, including application of a planar optical waveguide interface.
Space Camera Imaging Gain In-Orbit Adjusting Strategy (2009)

A Multi-Step Gain Adjusting Strategy (MSGAS) of space camera was proposed, which was used to get higher SNR (Signal-Noise Rate) image. When the space camera working in poor light condition, the CCD signal was so weak that it's difficult to get a clear image, to reduce the quantization noise and improve the SNR, we must amplify the CCD signal first and then quantize. The MSGAS was achieved by adjusting the gain of the CCD (Charge Couple Device) signal processor step by step, the upper limit and lower limit were set, if the MDN (Mean Digital Number) of a fixed length image data was not between the lower and upper limit, the gain was adjusted step by step. In the experiment, the upper limit, lower limit and the step were set, and the result of the experiment showed that MSGAS was robust and SNR was improved from 28 to 39.
Integrated source of telecom-band photon-pairs based on high index silica glass spiral waveguides (2023)

We generate correlated photon-pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing in high index silica glass spiral waveguides. Results show that spontaneous Raman scattering is the main noise origin, and propagation loss limits the optimum length of waveguides.