gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical Intranasal Lidocaine is not a Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (2021)

( Reg Anesth Pain Med . 2021:46. PMID: 33323391) There is a complex network of nerves within the pterygopalatine fossa. The largest peripheral parasympathetic ganglion, located within the pterygopalatine fossa, is the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) which plays an important role in managing primary and secondary headache disorders. Recent interest exists in applying local anesthetics (LA) as an SPG block to manage headaches, especially postdural puncture headache management. This discourse reviews why intranasal LA application is not an acceptable and effective route for SPG block.
A Spectral Clustering Algorithm For Decoding Fast Time-Varying Bpsk Mimo Channels (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Inspection of integrated circuit photomasks with intensity spatial filters (1969)

Spatial filtering is shown to be an effective method for integrated circuit photomask inspection. Results show that errors of 0.2 mils can be detected using f/9.5 lenses and that the use of f/2.0 lenses detects errors of below 0.1 mil. Contamination, missing and added features, and step and repeat errors are all displayed. The method allows the observation of nonperiodic errors and can be used immediately for contamination inspection with very little increase in sensitivity. The procedure only needs alignment of the mask in rotation, and means that the mask can be totally inspected by scanning it through a laser beam.
Intracellular calcium regulation of channel and receptor expression in the plasmalemma: Potential sites of sensitivity along the pathways linking transcription, translation, and insertion (1998)

Nervous system development is “activity dependent”—activation of neurons controls their development, which controls their activation patterns, which will then influence their further development, and so on. A critical issue is thus the regulation of channel and receptor expression. For nerve cells, the presence of specialized Ca2+-permeable channels in the surface membrane provides a direct link between electrical activity and the intracellular Ca2+ ion concentration ([Ca2+]i), and in many instances [Ca2+]i is thought to link membrane activation and internal biosynthesis. In this context, Ca2+-permeable channels function as “activity sensors,” transducing membrane activation by admitting Ca2+ rapidly, locally, and proportionately. In this review, I consider the potential of [Ca2+]i to regulate channel and receptor expression. I emphasize mechanisms by which the Ca2+ concentration of the cytosol and/or the Ca2+ concentrations of membrane-delimited Ca2+ sequestering organelles may influence biosynthetic processes. Here, I use “expression” in the most general sense of referring to the number and location of functional channels and receptors in the plasmalemma; regulation of expression is not limited to transcriptional regulation, but further encompasses translational and posttranslational processes. At the core is the notion of regulation by patterned oscillations in cytosolic [Ca2+], and, in a synchronous or contrapuntal manner, filling and depletion of a series of Ca2+-sequestering organelles—nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and secretory vesicles—that all also have critical roles in biosynthesis of membrane proteins. These structures provide both an internal Ca2+ regulation and distribution system, and a scaffold for synthesis, targeting, and insertion of channels and receptors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 37: 146–157, 1998
Drug effects on mucociliary function. (1983)

We summarize the findings of 18 clinical studies carried out over a decade to ascertain the effect of 14 pharmacological agents on lung mucociliary clearance. These studies were carried out on a total of 172 subjects/patients and amounted to 443 individual assessments. The objective, in vivo radioaerosol technique was used to measure clearance. Bromhexine, aerosolized hypertonic saline and aminophylline enhanced the clearance of lung secretions. There was some indirect evidence of a speeding up of mucociliary clearance following the administration of prednisolone and the synthetic anticholinergic bronchodilator ipratropium, while hyoscine was found to reduce clearance. There was no effect on clearance of single doses of the beta blockers propranolol and atenolol, the beta 2 adrenergic drug terbutaline, the cholonergic drug bethanecol and the expectorants 2-mercapto-ethane-sulphonate (aerosol) and glycerol guaiacolate. Long term administration (4 - 7 days) of the beta 2 adrenergic drugs terbutaline and clenbuterol also failed to show any effect on lung mucociliary function.
Transformation of 5-D itch scale and numerical rating scale in chronic hemodialysis patients (2017)

Categories for the 5-D itch scale were proposed based on the measurements of pruritus severity in HD patients. This information provides a simple solution that enables transformation between the 5-D itch scale and the numerical rating scale.
Atomic Level Studies of Selenium Electrodeposition on Gold(111) and Gold(110) (1996)

Studies of the electrodeposition of Se atomic layers on Au(111) and Au(110) are presented. Three electrochemical methods of forming Se atomic layers were investigated: reductive deposition, oxidative stripping of bulk Se, and reductive stripping of bulk Se. The resulting Se atomic layers were studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). LEED indicated the formation of Au(111)(√3×√3)R30°-Se and Au(110)(2×3)-Se structures. STM analysis confirmed the presence of those structures along with several others. At low Se coverages on Au(111), a mosaic structure was formed, composed of a large number of small domains of a (√3×√3)R30°-Se structure, separated by areas void of Se. At higher coverages, near 1/3, the (√3×√3)R30° structure covered most of the surface, except for a number of linear phase boundaries. Commensurate with completion of the (√3×√3)R30° structure, some domains of square Se8 rings were usually evident, as well. At still higher coverages, a heterogeneous surface was formed, composed of a complex network of rings, chains, clusters, and pits. This heterogeneity appears to result from slow deposition kinetics, probably the result of both a low exchange current and low Se surface mobility. Some of the kinetic sluggishness may have resulted from the need to translate whole domains of Se atoms from one site to another, in order to remove phase boundaries. STM studies of the Au(110) surface indicated that only the (2×3) structure was formed at coverages much below 1 monolayer and that it was formed homogeneously. At monolayer coverages and above, a honeycomb structure composed of chains of Se atoms was observed, which filled in at still higher coverages to complete a second Se layer.
The function of BCR/ABL and related proto-oncogenes (1997)

The BCR/ABL oncogene product is one of the genes associated with and possibly responsible for human leukemias. Chronic myelogenous leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with p210BCR/ABL and p185BCR/ABL, respectively. Abelson murine leukemia virus encodes the related oncogene product, v-Abl, and also causes pre-B-cell leukemia. In this article, recent advances in understanding the function of these oncogenes as well as the function of normal counterparts, c-Abl and Bcr, are discussed. Intracellular signaling events initiated from these oncogene products are emphasized. The possibilities are also discussed that inhibition of apoptosis and altered adhesive properties to the bone marrow microenvironment by BCR/ABL might contribute to disease initiation.
SIP End-to-End Security between Ipv4 Domain and Ipv6 Domain (2005)

The session initiation protocol (SIP) carries the endpoint IP addresses, as part of its message format. When one end-point is in an IPv4 addressing domain, and the other is in an IPv6 addressing domain, a NAT-PT gateway must be used at the network level, to translate the protocol headers. The message bodies are altered by an application level gateway (ALG), to reflect the changed addresses. However, this alteration causes end-to-end security mechanisms to fail. We describe a proposal for a SIP end-to-end security mechanism between IPv4 networks and IPv6 stub domains, which overcomes the failure. We have validated the proposal using the PROMELA formal specification language and the SPIN validation system.
Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer (2021)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 May 2021Urological Oncology: Prostate Cancer Samir S. TanejaMD Samir S. TanejaSamir S. Taneja More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001673AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 205Issue 5May 2021Page: 1515-1517 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Samir S. Taneja More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Angular Distributions of Photoprotons (1952)

The angular distributions of photoprotons from Cu, Ni, and Co targets irradiated with bremsstrahlung of 23-Mev maximum energy have been measured. Protons from Cu and Co show a large asymmetric component which is described by the expression ${(sin\ensuremath{\theta}+0.5sin\ensuremath{\theta}cos\ensuremath{\theta})}^{2}$. Absorption experiments on the protons are consistent with the assignment of the asymmetric component to transitions involving discrete levels in the vicinity of the ground state of the residual nucleus. The angular distributions observed are interpreted as resulting from interference between electric dipole and quadrupole absorption of the initial photons with the relative quadrupole intensity equal to 5 percent.
B19 Development of in vitro models to investigate the pathogenesis of huntington’s disease and screen for therapeutic agents (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Huntington’s Disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat in the HTT gene. We have recently shown that incomplete splicing of HTT mRNA, in both HD patients and mouse models, produces a HTTexon1 and Httexon1 transcript respectively, that is translated into the highly pathogenic exon 1 HTT protein. <h3>Aims</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the role of this Httexon1 transcript in the pathogenesis of the disease, and to characterize primary cells from HD mouse models that could be used to screen for agents designed to lower the levels of the HTT transcripts. <h3>Methods/techniques</h3> We have established mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from the zQ175 mouse model as well as deriving mouse cortical neuronal cultures. We have used our novel multiplex Quantigene assay, to measure the levels of all mouse Httexon1 and full-length Htt transcripts in these cells, and RNAscope to localize these transcripts. We have developed a TR-FRET assay that is specific for the exon 1 HTT protein. We have used immunoprecipitation western blot and TR-FRET to detect full-length and exon 1 HTT. <h3>Results/outcome</h3> We show that our Quantigene assay generates comparable data to the much more time-consuming quantitative PCRs for the zQ175 MEFs. We show that most of the mutant transcript in the zQ175 MEFs is incompletely spliced, and that these cells can be used for compound screening by multiplex Quantigene assays. The exon 1 HTT protein can be measured in these cells. Primary neurons from zQ175 mice show a higher level of incompletely spliced Htt than has been detected in brain tissue. The localization of the Htt transcripts in primary neurons will be discussed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We conclude that we have good <i>in vitro</i> models and a variety of techniques to investigate the role of the Httexon1 transcripts in the pathogenesis of HD and screen for therapeutic agents. This work is supported by the CHDI foundation.
Jet Erosion of Particle Beds: Projecting Critical Suspension Velocities From Effective Clearing / Cleaning Radii (2022)

Abstract Here we explore the relationship between effective cleaning/clearing radii, ECR, and critical suspension velocities, Ucs. Although one set of physics controls both the radial extent of erosion (i.e., the ECR) and the velocity needed to erode from the center of jet impingement to any given location (i.e., Ucs, typically defined from nozzle center to the vessel center), the relationship between these two remains unexplored quantitatively for nominally non-cohesive solids. Here we advance the model of Kuhn, et al., (PNNL-22816, 2013) as described by Pease, et al. (FEDSM2017-69444, 2017) to evaluate the relationship between the effective clearing/cleaning radius and the nozzle velocity on flat surfaces including flat bottomed vessels. Two governing dimensionless groups are identified. We present both a closed form analytical but transcendental solution and a non-iterative approximation modeled after the Serghides approximation of Colebrook’s nonlinear equation for both ECR versus nozzle velocity and Ucs. Comparison of the model to data from flume testing on a flat surface finds reasonable agreement.
Dissection of the pathologies induced by transmembrane and wild-type tumor necrosis factor in transgenic mice (1996)

With increasing awareness that seemingly diverse immune-mediated diseases involve similar pathogenetic mechanisms, and the identification of a growing number of key effector molecules, it is becoming possible to design and generate effective transgenic models for such diseases. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a prominent role in immune and host defense responses and there is strong evidence that abnormal TNF production contributes to disease initiation and progression in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and many other immune-mediated disorders. The generation of TNF transgenic mice, in which TNF production is deregulated, has provided us with direct evidence that, in vivo, this cytokine can indeed trigger the development of such complex disease phenotypes. Transgenic mice that have been engineered to overexpress human or murine TNF molecules in peripheral joints, T cells, or neurons of the central nervous system represent important animal models for human rheumatoid arthritis, systemic inflammation, and multiple sclerosis, respectively. In addition to establishing a central role for TNF in such diseases, these animal models have already proved valuable for identifying additional important disease-effector molecules, and for gaining an insight into the complex in vivo mechanisms that are involved in disease pathogenesis. For example, in the case of arthritis, TNF has been found to transmit its pathogenic effects entirely through interleukin-1, which may therefore represent an additional important target for therapeutic intervention in the human disease. In summary, TNF transgenic models of human disease are expected to serve as important in vivo tools for defining details of disease pathogenesis, potential targets for therapeutic intervention and for evaluating the possible involvement of additional genetic and environmental factors on the disease state.
<title>Characterization of Pd-B, Ag-B, and Si-B interfaces</title> (1992)

Boron-based multilayer mirrors have theoretical reflectivities > 50% for wavelengths between 65 and approximately 120 angstrom. Such multilayers would be quite useful, since this wavelength region lies above that for which W/C functions, and below that for which Mo/Si works well. We have studied the growth of several candidate materials on boron in order to determine their growth modes, the chemical sharpness of the interfaces, and the structure of the layers formed. The films were deposited in ultrahigh vacuum and studied with in situ Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Scanning tunneling microscopy characterization and Rutherford backscattering calibrations were performed after removing the samples from the vacuum system. For all of these studies amorphous B films were first formed by depositing at room temperature onto oxidized Si wafers. Following deposition of each B film, overlayers of Pd, Ag, or Si were deposited at substrate temperatures of approximately 50 degree(s)C and immediately studied with AES and XPS. In the Pd case, we find that it reacts with the B to form a smooth, amorphous PdxB1-x layer, with x approximately equals 0.9. This reaction occurred for all Pd coverages studied, from 2.3 to 230 angstrom. However, due to high Pd content of this reacted compound, our calculations show that the PdxB1-x should perform as a good absorber layer as part of PdxB1-x/B multilayer mirrors. We find that Si deposited onto B forms a sharp interface and an amorphous overlayer of pure Si. Depositing Ag on B results in a polycrystalline layer, composed of large Ag islands.
Studying the spatial distribution of physiological effects on BOLD signals using ultrafast fMRI (2014)

The blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal in functional MRI (fMRI) reﬂects bothneuronal activations and global physiological ﬂuctuations.These physiological ﬂuctuationscan be attributed to physiological low frequency oscillations (pLFOs), respiration, and car-diac pulsation. With typicalTR values, i.e., 2s or longer, the high frequency physiologicalsignals (i.e., from respiration and cardiac pulsation) are aliased into the low frequencyband, making it hard to study the individual effect of these physiological processes onBOLD. Recently developed multiband EPI sequences, which offer full brain coverage withextremelyshortTRvalues(400msorless)allowthesephysiologicalsignalstobespectrallyseparated. In this study, we applied multiband resting state scans on nine healthy partici-pants withTRD0.4s.The spatial distribution of each physiological process on BOLD fMRIwas explored using their spectral features and independent component analysis (ICA).Wefound that the spatial distributions of different physiological processes are distinct. First,cardiac pulsation affects mostly the base of the brain, where high density of arteries exists.Second, respiration affects prefrontal and occipital areas, suggesting the motion associ-ated with breathing might contribute to the noise. Finally, and most importantly, we foundthat the effects of pLFOs dominated many prominent ICA components, which suggeststhat, contrary to the popular belief that aliased cardiac and respiration signals are the mainphysiological noise source in BOLD fMRI, pLFOs may be the most inﬂuential physiolog-ical signals. Understanding and measuring these pLFOs are important for denoising and
Probabilistic reasoning about measurements of equilibrium climate sensitivity: combining disparate lines of evidence (2018)

Where policy and science intersect, there are always issues of ambiguous and conflicting lines of evidence. Combining disparate information sources is mathematically complex; common heuristics based on simple statistical models easily lead us astray. Here, we use Bayesian Nets (BNs) to illustrate the complexity in reasoning under uncertainty. Data from joint research at Resources for the Future and NASA Langley are used to populate a BN for predicting equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). The information sources consist of measuring the rate of decadal temperature rise (DTR) and measuring the rate of percentage change in cloud radiative forcing (CRF), with both the existing configuration of satellites and with a proposed enhanced measuring system. The goal of all measurements is to reduce uncertainty in equilibrium climate sensitivity. Subtle aspects of probabilistic reasoning with concordant and discordant measurements are illustrated. Relative to the current prior distribution on ECS, we show that after 30 years of observing with the current systems, the 2<i>σ</i> uncertainty band for ECS would be shrunk on average to 73% of its current value. With the enhanced systems over the same time, it would be shrunk to 32% of its current value. The actual shrinkage depends on the values actually observed. These results are based on models recommended by the Social Cost of Carbon methodology and assume a Business as Usual emissions path.
Innovative ceramic tile mixes: 100% green (2016)

in the present work, scrap packaging glass coming from urban separted collection (post consumer waste) and industrial ceramic waste (pre-consumer waste) were used as secondary raw materials to prepare protoypes of ceramic tiles 100% green. Opportunely balances mixes of wastes are able ti sinergically interact during the thermal cycle, giving rise to innovative materials able to sinter about 200 C lower than a traditional ceramic tile mix, maintain good performances in terms of flexural strength, Young's modulus and Weibull's modulus
Threshold setting strategies for a quantized total power radiometer (2005)

We analyze the impact of a uniform quantizer on the false-alarm probability of a total power radiometer. Different possibilities to set the detection threshold are discussed. The main emphasis is on methods that use the estimated noise level. In particular, we analyze the cell-averaging (CA) constant false-alarm rate threshold setting strategy. The numerical results show that the CA strategy offers the desired false-alarm probability.
Effects of dietary ethanolamine and its methylderivatives on plasma lipids. (1985)

Ethanolamine and its methylderivatives (monomethylethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine and choline) were added to the semi-synthetic diet of mice (50mmol/kg diet). Their effects on plasma and liver lipids were studied. The addition of ethanolamine caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol level. In contrast, methylderivatives of ethanolamine showed no effect on plasma cholesterol level. A decrease in plasma triglyceride level was observed after the addition of ethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine and choline. These agents also significantly decreased the concentration of hepatic triglyceride and tended to decrease hepatic cholesterol. Monomethylethanolamine increased the relative weight of the liver and the cholesterol content. The composition and concentration of hepatic phospholipids did not significantly vary after the addition of ethanolamine and its derivatives, except for monomethylethanolamine. It is suggested that ethanolamine and its methylderivatives have different effects on plasma lipids.