gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Analysis of Wireless Train Control Systems (2019)

In order to enhance the performance of safety, capacity and timely schedules in railroad operations, information communication technologies (ICT) are introduced into railroad systems. Different entities are connected with information exchange, such as base stations, wayside devices, and locomotive systems. Based on ICT, there are many critical messages are transmitted on the air to improve the railroad operations. In this paper, we present security analysis of a general wireless train control systems (WTC). We first present a general WTC system model. Based on the general WTC system model, we study a trust model, attack models, and security objectives. A case study for identity-based security schemes is presented over the general WTC system model for securing the communication between the back office and the locomotive system. An identity (ID) - based signcryption scheme and an ID-based signature scheme are proposed to achieve confidentiality, integrity, authentication and end-to-end security. Security analysis and performance analysis of the proposed schemes are studied to show that our proposed scheme can achieve required security services with low computational and communication overhead.
Validation of a novel approach to subjective quality evaluation of conventional and 3D broadcasted video services (2012)

Transmission errors are the main cause of degradation of the quality of real broadcasted video services. Therefore, knowing their impact on the quality of experience of the end users is a crucial issue. For instance, it would help to improve the performance of the distribution systems, and to develop monitoring tools to automatically estimate the quality perceived by the viewers. In this paper we validate a subjective evaluation approach specifically designed to obtain meaningful results of the effects of degradations caused by transmission errors. This methodology has been already used in our previous works with monoscopic and stereoscopic videos. The validation is done by comparing the subjective ratings obtained for typical transmission impairments with the proposed methodology and with the standard method Absolute Category Rating. The results show that the proposed approach could provide more representative evaluations of the quality of experience perceived by end users of conventional and 3D broadcasted video services.
Image Based Visual Servoing for Tumbling Objects (2018)

Objects in space often exhibit a tumbling motion around the major inertial axis. In this paper, we address the image based visual servoing of a robotic system towards an uncooperative tumbling object. In contrast to previous approaches that require explicit reconstruction of the object and an estimation of its velocity, we propose a novel controller that is able to minimize the feature error directly in image space. This is achieved by observing that the feature points on the tumbling object follow a circular path around the axis of rotation and their projection creates an elliptical track in the image plane. Our controller minimizes the error between this elliptical track and the desired features, such that at the desired pose the features lie on the circumference of the ellipse. The effectiveness of our framework is exhibited by implementing the algorithm in simulation as well on a mobile robot.
High Precision Erase Band Measurement With Four Written Tracks (2011)

This article introduces a four track erase band width (EBW) measurement derived from triple track test. The method writes the first center track to adaptively control the track pitch (TP) and the final center track to minimize the impact from system's positioning error during EBW measurement. It uses one-way dual-frequency scan on the neighboring magnetic write width (MWW) edges to further minimize the impact from system's positioning error. Experiment shows that measured EBW decreases with TP decreasing due to the side reading, cross-track field interaction, and edge noise suppression in perpendicular recording. Setting TP at 100% MWW is proposed for measuring “intrinsic” erase band (EB). The new method demonstrates significant improvement on test accuracy over the conventional methods, and can control EBW measurement variation range within 1 nm. With the new method, the relations of EBW with write revolutions, write current, write frequency, and adjacent track interference (ATI) were experimented and analyzed. The experiment result further validates the new method.
Conjugated Octadecadienoic Acids of Milk Fat (1977)

Conjugated cis, trans-(trans, cis) octadecadienoic acids of milk fat were isolated by preparative gas liquid chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography of their methyl esters. Reductive ozonolysis and partial hydrazine reduction followed by reductive ozonolysis of resulting cisand trans-monoene fractions showed that the conjugated cis, trans-(trans, cis) octadecadienoic acids of milk fat consisted essentially of cis-9, trans-ll-octadecadienoic acid. Gas liquid chromatography fatty acid profiles with 50-m wall-coated open tubular columns showed components having the same equivalent chain length as conjugated trans, trans-octadecadienoic acid and cis, cis-octadecadienoic acid.
Growth Differences of Growth Hormone Transgenic Female and Male Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Grown in Earthen Ponds to Sexual Maturation (2021)

This study compared growth performance between female and male transgenic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, containing channel catfish growth hormone full-length cDNA driven by the ocean pout antifreeze protein promoter, opAFP-ccGH, the rainbow trout metallothionein promoter, rtMT-ccGH, or both constructs, and their non-transgenic siblings in earthen ponds at 16 and 48 months of age. Body weight between the transgenic and their non-transgenic siblings differed (P < 0.001) at all ages. Transgenic F<sub>2</sub> opAFP-ccGH grew 1.51- to 2.58-, F<sub>2</sub> rtMT-ccGH grew 1.44- to 2.99- and F<sub>1</sub>fish transgenic for both constructs grew 1.36- to 2.92- fold larger than their non-transgenic sibling controls, depending upon age and sex. Body weight of the transgenic GH males was significantly higher than those of the transgenic GH females at 16 months of age (P < 0.001). However, body weight of the transgenic GH females was significantly higher (P < 0.001) compared with those of the transgenic GH males at 48 months of age, but not for the double transgenics (P > 0.05). In the case of non-transgenic GH siblings, males were larger than females at both 16 and 48 months of age (P < 0.001). Sexually dimorphic responses to GH transgenes were the opposite after sexual maturation. When critically low dissolved oxygen levels were encountered, survival of transgenic male and female opAFP-ccGH channel catfish was lower than that of controls (P = 0.004), as well as rtMT-ccGH females (P = 0.11), which is not surprising since the largest fish are most likely to succumb during an oxygen depletion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biopterin from Neopterin? The Formation of Pyrrolo(1,2‐f)pteridines Upon Side‐Chain Activation of Neopterin. (1987)

Abstract Since reduction of the terminal OH group in the side chain of L‐neopterin (IIa) would constitute an interesting synthesis of L‐biopterin (I) and since acylation and similar procedures are not selective enough, the preparation of cyclic acetals of (IIa) is investigated.
On hunting in hysteresis motors and new damping techniques (1971)

"Hunting," or small random excursions of the rotor, in synchronous motors may cause objectionable time-displacement errors in video headwheel drives and other precision scanning systems. The idealized model of the hunting motor is seen to be a simple second-order linear system. Hysteresis motors behave very much like classical synchronous motors, except that the motor magnetic pole definition varies slightly with torque. During these excursions, there is some natural damping comprised of a linear eddy current effect and a nonlinear hysteresis effect. The nonlinear effect causes the oscillatory <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> to vary inversely with angular motion. A qualitative theory is offered to explain this. New damping techniques have been developed using only electrical components, and include both active and passive circuits. All of them, however, operate without need of explicit motion detection. In an active damping circuit developed for a satellite video recorder, a reduction in time-displacement error of an order of magnitude has been achieved. No loss of motor torque capacity or efficiency is incurred.
The Role of Prediabetes as a Predictive Factor for the Outcomes in Patients with STEMI. Which Is the Right Range of Glycated Hemoglobin to Adopt in This Setting? (2021)

Background: Prediabetes (preT2D) is considered a subtle adverse cardiovascular (CV) risk factor after acute myocardial infarction. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ranges to identify preT2D are different between ADA and WHO guidelines (5.7–6.4 vs. 6.0–6.4%, respectively). Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of HbA1c different preT2D-ranges and their correlation with demographic, instrumental, and laboratory parameters in STEMI. Methods: A total of 1681 patients (mean age 67 ± 13 years; 1217 males) were enrolled. Admission HbA1c was used to identify patients with no-T2D (&lt;5.7%), HbA1c 5.70–5.99%, and WHO-preT2D with HbA1c 6–6.49%, and T2D (HbA1c ≥ 6.5). Results: HbA1c 5.7–5.99, WHO-preT2D, and T2D progressively correlated with an increasing number of CV risk factors. However, only T2D, but not preT2D, was significantly associated with adverse prognosis (in-hospital and one-year death). Conclusions: PreT2D is correlated with CV risk factors, but not with adverse prognosis as compared to no-T2D. Nonetheless, routine HbA1c testing in the STEMI population and HbA1c-5.7–5.99 patient inclusion in the preT2D category may help to identify those who may benefit from intervention and lifestyle strategies to early prevent preT2D progression.
Friction Reduction through Ultrasonic Vibration Part 2: Experimental Evaluation of Intermittent Contact and Squeeze Film Levitation (2017)

In part 1 of the current study of haptic displays, a finite element (FE) model of a finger exploring a plate vibrating out-of-plane at ultrasonic frequencies was developed as well as a spring-frictional slider model. It was concluded that the reduction in friction induced by the vibrations could be ascribed to ratchet mechanism as a result of intermittent contact. The relative reduction in friction calculated using the FE model could be superimposed onto an exponential function of a dimensionless group defined from relevant parameters. The current paper presents measurements of the reduction in friction, involving real and artificial fingertips, as a function of the vibrational amplitude and frequency, the applied normal force and the exploration velocity. The results are reasonably similar to the calculated FE values and also could be superimposed using the exponential function provided that the intermittent contact was sufficiently well developed, which for the frequencies examined correspond to a minimum vibrational amplitude of ∼ 1 µm P-P. It was observed that the reduction in friction depends on the exploration velocity and is independent of the applied normal force and ambient air pressure, which is not consistent with the squeeze film mechanism. However, the modelling did not incorporate the influence of air and the effect of ambient pressure was measured under a limited range of conditions, Thus squeeze film levitation may be synergistic with the mechanical interaction.
Usutu virus infection in aviary birds during the cold season (2021)

The mosquito-borne flavivirus Usutu virus (USUV) is responsible for countless deaths in both resident populations and birds kept in outdoor aviaries. Since 2001, USUV outbreaks have attracted increased attention due to the rapid geographical spread of the virus and its close relationship to West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging pathogen in humans and animals. Similar to WNV, the USUV enzootic transmission cycle predominantly involves <i>Culex</i> spp. as vectors, whereas birds serve as amplifying reservoir hosts. In Europe, USUV-associated disease outbreaks in birds are almost exclusively described during late spring and early autumn (early April to late October). Contagiousness of virus particles excreted by infected birds has not yet been proven, so that the role of non-vector-borne transmission, as it is known for the closely related WNV, remains unclear. Here we report the diagnosis of USUV infection in 15 of 24 birds from mortality outbreaks that occurred during the cold season between late October 2018 and early April 2019, in eight different aviaries located in Germany. Detection of USUV was performed using standardized molecular biological methods and immunohistochemistry for verification of the infection. USUV infection in a parrot species, a tropical finch and two estrildid finches are reported for the first time. Further research on the occurrence of USUV infection during the cold season is key to understanding the dynamics of viral transmission as well as for a profound health risk assessment for aviary birds as well as humans.
Distributed FBG sensors apply in spacecraft health monitoring (2017)

At present, Spacecraft manufacturing face with high adventure for its complicate structure, serious space environment and not maintained on orbit. When something wrong with spacecraft, monitoring its health state, supply health data in real time would assure quickly locate error and save more time to rescue it. For FBG sensor can distributed test several parameters such as temperature, strain, vibration and easily construct net. At same time, it has more advantages such as ant-radiate, anti-jamming, rodent-resistant and with long lifetime, which more fit for applying in space. In this paper, a spacecraft health monitor system based on FBG sensors is present, Firstly, spacecraft health monitor system and its development are introduced. Then a four channels FBG demodulator is design. At last, Temperature and strain detecting experiment is done. The result shows that the demodulator fully satisfied the need of spacecraft health monitor system.
Computational Development of Single- and Dual-Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Spectroscopy for Ambient Air Applications (2009)

The ability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to acquire tip-sample interaction force curves has allowed researchers to understand the mechanical behavior of numerous materials at the nanoscale. However, AFM force spectroscopy with the most commonly used techniques can be a slow process for non-uniform samples, as it often requires the measurement to be performed at one fixed surface point at a time. In this paper we present two dynamic AFM based spectroscopy methods, one requiring operation in single-frequency-modulation mode and another using dual-frequency-modulation, which could allow a more rapid acquisition of topography and tip-sample interaction force curves. Numerical simulation results are provided along with discussions on the benefits and limitations of both.
[Detection of glycosylated protein of renal tissues using NBT reaction in STZ-induced diabetic rats]. (1992)

We are carried out to determine the detection of glycosylated protein of renal tissues using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reaction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The levels of glomerular non-enzymatic glycosylation were measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. There was no significant difference in the intensity of NBT in renal tissues between the 4-week diabetic rats and the same age control rats. The intensity of NBT in the glomerular mesangial areas and capillary walls was marked in 12-week diabetic rats. The staining of NBT was also observed in the tubular epithelial cells in 4- and 12-week diabetic rats. The levels of glomerular non-enzymatic glycosylated protein in 4- or 12-week diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in the same age control rats. It appears that the non-enzymatic glycosylation of renal tissues increased in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, i.e. 4- or 12-week diabetic rats. It is concluded that the non-enzymatic glycosylation may play an important role in the initiation of renal injuries in diabetic nephropathy.
Role of Donor Clonal Hematopoiesis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation (2018)

Allogeneic HSCT from donors with CHIP seems safe and results in similar survival in the setting of older, related donors. Future studies in younger and unrelated donors are warranted to extend these results. Confirmatory studies and mechanistic experiments are warranted to challenge the hypothesis that donor CHIP might foster cGVHD development and reduce relapse/progression risk.
Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Propargylguanidines (2011)

Following a previous lanthanum(III)-catalyzed report on an addition-hydroamination sequence of propargylcyanamides to 2-aminoim­idazoles (R. L. Giles, J. D. Sullivan, A. M. Steiner, R. E. Looper Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 3116), Looper and co-workers have developed selective 5-exo-dig versus 6-endo-dig hydroamination-cyclization reactions of propargylguanidine derivatives 1 to give products 2 and 3, respectively. Thus, dirhodium(II) carboxylates, such as [Rh2(oct)4], as catalysts effect the highly 6-endo-dig-selective hydroamination of propargyl­guanidines 1 to give products 2, whereas silver(I) in combination with acetic acid proved to be the optimal catalyst for the selective formation of 5-exo-dig products 3. For R³ = alkyl, catalytic rhodium(II) gave very high selectivity towards the 6-endo-dig products 2, in contrast with the poor ­selectivity observed for the 5-exo-dig products 3 using catalytic silver(I). For R³ = aryl, the selectivity is completely reversed depending on the EDG or EWG nature of R³. Bulky R³ substituents were not tolerated for the rhodium(II)-catalyzed cyclization, but alkyl alcohols and chlorides were compatible. The nature of R² on the guanidine nitrogen has modest impact on the selectivity.
Codage des références et coréférences dans les DHM (1997)

International audience
PQWRR scheduling algorithm in supporting of DiffServ (2002)

The differentiated services (DiffServ) routers provide per hop behavior (PHBs) to aggregate traffic for different levels of services, the scheduling algorithm used by the DiffServ routers is critical in implementing PHBs. This paper presents a new scheduling scheme, PQWRR that combines existing scheduling schemes, PQ (priority queuing) and WRR (weighted round robin). Our simulation results show that PQWRR provides best delay and jitter performance for EF (expedited forwarding) traffic and at the same time delivers guaranteed bandwidth to AF traffic. PQWRR not only solves the problems of existing PQ and WRR algorithms, but also provides best support for both EF and AF PHBs in the DiffServ domain.
Highly Efficient Multicolour Upconversion Emission in Transparent Colloids of Lanthanide‐Doped NaYF4 Nanocrystals (2004)

Highly efficient photon upconversion in solution is demonstrated for the first time. Transparent colloidal solutions of Yb/Er and Yb/Tm doped NaYF4 nanocrystals show bright upconversion emission in the red, green, and blue spectral region by excitation around 1 μm with a laser of moderate power (see Figure). These new systems show a substantial improvement on the order of 108 compared to previously reported systems. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2004/c0772_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Small particles of fusinite and carbohydrate chars coated with aqueous soluble polymers: Preparation and applications for in Vivo EPR oximetry (1998)

The development of oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic materials is being pursued actively because of their potential applications in in vivo EPR oximetry. Among these materials, several charcoals and carbohydrate chars are of special interest because of their desirable EPR properties: high sensitivity of the EPR linewidth to the partial pressure of oxygen, simple EPR spectra, and high spin density. Their potential use in humans, however, is limited by the need to demonstrate that they will not lead to deleterious effects. A strategy was used to optimize the biocompatibility of the oxygen-sensitive materials by decreasing the size of the particles and coating them with suspending or surfactive agents such as arabic gum, poloxamer (Pluriol 6800), and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The coated particles of a carbohydrate char and fusinite were characterized in vitro for their size, stability, and pO2 sensitivity. The feasibility of performing pO2 measurement was examined in vivo by inducing ischemia in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. The use of arabic gum for coating the fusinite particles preserved the pO2 sensitivity in vivo, whereas the other surfactive agents led to a loss of the pO2 sensitivity in vivo. Small particles of fusinite coated by arabic gum and intravenously administered to mice accumulated in the liver, whereas the uncoated fusinite was toxic when injected intravenously due to the large size and aggregation of the particles. Histological studies performed up to 6 months after the injection in muscles of mice did not indicate any toxicity from the materials used in the present study.
Mucus Is a Key Factor in Neisseria meningitidis Commensalism (2019)

The work presented by Audry et al. (M. Audry, C. Robbe-Masselot, J.-P. Barnier, B. Gachet, et al., mSphere 4:e00494-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00494-19) gives new insight into the interactions of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> and the human nasopharynx. Using an air interface tissue culture model of a polarized, mucus-secreting epithelium, Audry et al. demonstrate that <i>N. meningitidis</i> bacteria do not commonly invade epithelial cells. Rather, they are trapped in the mucus layer, where they are protected from dessication. In this model, meningicocci fail to elicit a pro-inflammatory immune response and show growth effects in response to another nasopharyngeal colonizer, <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> These findings prompt new questions about pathobiont behaviors, the role of mucus in bacterium-host interactions, and modeling human infection.
Efficient broadly tunable Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe laser (2000)

Summary form only given. The properties of Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe, in particular its high thermal conductivity, low excited state absorption (ESA), high emission cross-section and /spl sim/1000 nm broad fluorescence bandwidth give it enormous potential as a material for tunable and ultrashort-pulsed laser sources. This paper presents the results of investigation of spectroscopic as well as laser properties of a Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe laser, operating in cw, pulsed and actively mode-locked regimes.