gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the MUREX C. albicans, Albicans-Sure, and BactiCard Candida test kits with the germ tube test for presumptive identification of Candida albicans (1996)

The MUREX C. albicans (MC)(Murex Diagnostics), Albicans-Sure (AS) (Clinical Standards Laboratories), and BactiCard Candida (BC) (Remel) test kits were compared with the germ tube (GT) test for the rapid, presumptive identification of Candida albicans. All three test kits detect the enzymes L-proline aminopeptidase and beta-galactosaminidase in yeast cells grown on culture media and are based on the principle that C. albicans produces both enzymes whereas other yeasts produce only one or neither of the enzymes. The organisms evaluated were fresh clinical isolates identified by methods routinely used in our laboratory (API 20C system and conventional methods) and included 303 C. albicans isolates, 153 Candida glabrata isolates, 70 Candida tropicalis isolates, 36 Candida parapsilosis isolates, 13 isolates of other Candida spp., 5 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates, and 3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates. The MC, AS, BC, and GT tests detected 299 (98.7%), 300 (99.0%), 301 (99.3%), and 287 (94.7%) C. albicans isolates, respectively. There was one false-positive result with both the MC and BC kits and two false-positive results with the GT test. The enzymatic methods evaluated in this study provide rapid and accurate alternatives to the GT test for the presumptive identification of C. albicans.
Organic Ligand‐Free Alkylation of Amines, Carboxamides, Sulfonamides, and Ketones by Using Alcohols Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Ag/Mo Oxides (2010)

Complicated and expensive organic ligands are normally essential in fine chemical synthesis at preparative or industrial levels. The synthesis of fine chemicals by using heterogeneous catalyst systems without additive organic ligand is highly desirable but severely limited due to their poor generality and rigorous reaction conditions. Here, we show the results of carbon-nitrogen or carbon-carbon bond formation catalyzed by an Ag/Mo hybrid material with specific Ag(6) Mo(10) O(33) crystal structure. 48 nitrogen- or oxygen-containing compounds, that is, amines, carboxamides, sulfonamides, and ketones, were successfully synthesized through a borrowing-hydrogen mechanism. Up to 99 % isolated yields were obtained under relatively mild conditions without additive organic ligand. The catalytic process shows promise for the efficient and economic synthesis of amine, carboxamide, sulfonamide, and ketone derivatives because of the simplicity of the system and ease of operation.
Range (2008)

An important challenge in designing ubiquitous computing experiences is negotiating transitions between explicit and implicit interaction, such as how and when to provide users with notifications. While the paradigm of implicit interaction has important benefits, it is also susceptible to difficulties with hidden modes, unexpected action, and misunderstood intent. To address these issues, this work presents a framework for implicit interaction and applies it to the design of an interactive whiteboard application called Range. Range is a public interactive whiteboard designed to support co-located, ad-hoc meetings. It employs proximity sensing capability to proactively transition between display and authoring modes, to clear space for writing, and to cluster ink strokes. We show how the implicit interaction techniques of user reflection (how systems indicate to users what they perceive or infer), system demonstration (how systems indicate what they are doing), and override (how users can interrupt or stop a proactive system action) can prevent, mitigate, and correct errors in the whiteboard's proactive behaviors. These techniques can be generalized to improve the designs of a wide array of ubiquitous computing experiences.
Characterization of Gold(I) in Dealuminated H-Mordenite Zeolite (2001)

The CO interaction with Au+/dealuminated H-mordenite as well as with the nondealuminated samples, at room temperature, after evacuation at different temperatures (343, 393, 453, and 573 K) has been studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Au+−CO band at 2192 cm-1 of the dealuminated sample showed a remarkable thermal stability on raising the temperature (till 473 K) for the degassed sample at 393 K, compared with the nondealuminated one. It has been revealed from the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses that the nonframework Al species were formed and embedded inside the zeolite lattice. The latter species were found to be responsible for the stability of CO coordinated Au+. The XPS data also showed the easier reduction of Aun+ species in the nondealuminated sample compared with the dealuminated one, as revealed from the peak area ratio Cl 2p/Au 4f. Adsorption of CO onto Au+/dealuminated H-mordenite, after evacuation at 343 K, produced a broad band at 1949 cm-1 attributed to bridged bonded CO species. This was confirmed by the relative increase in intensity of this band (Au−CO−Au) compared with the linearly bonded one at 2192 cm-1 during thermal evacuation till 473 K. The temperature-programmed reduction profile of Aun+/dealuminated H-mordenite samples revealed, in concordance with the IR and XPS data, the better stability of the Au+ state in dealuminated samples as compared with nondealuminated ones.
Four Faces of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (2005)

Twentieth-century Cinema was 'haunted' by nineteenth-century gothic fiction. There have been cycles of movies about Dracula, Frankenstein, endless plots based on Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights, including adaptations of the novels themselves, and of course, the positive obsession with The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Films of the story date back to 1908, and culminate in a fascinating 1996 re-interpretation, Mary Reilly.
Nonviral Delivery for Genomic Therapy of Cancer (2008)

We have developed improved liposomal nanoparticles that efficiently condense nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, drugs, and mixtures of these agents on the interior of bilamellar invaginated structures (BIVs) produced by a novel extrusion procedure. The liposomal complexes have extended half-life in the circulation, serum stability, and broad biodistribution; are targetable to specific organs and cell types; can penetrate through tight barriers in several organs; are fusogenic with cell membranes and avoid endosomes; are optimized for nucleic acid:lipid ratio and colloidal suspension in vivo; can be size fractionated to produce totally homogeneous populations of complexes prior to injection; are nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and can be repeatedly administered; and they are stable in liquid suspensions and freeze-dried formulations. We can add specific ligands either by ionic interactions or by covalent attachments to the surface of these nucleic acid-liposome complexes to accomplish targeted delivery to specific cell surface receptors. Furthermore, the charge on the surface of these complexes can be modified to avoid uptake by nontarget cells using our novel technology called "reversible masking." We have also achieved high-dose systemic delivery of these complexes without toxicity in vivo by further purification of plasmid DNA. At present, these complexes are injected intravenously into patients in clinical trials to treat lung cancer and will be used in upcoming trials to treat breast, pancreatic, and head and neck cancers. Notably, BIV complexes are being injected intravenously into patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma who have failed to respond to chemotherapy. These patients are living longer and have demonstrated objective responses, including tumor regression.
The EU-ToxRisk method documentation, data processing and chemical testing pipeline for the regulatory use of new approach methods (2020)

Hazard assessment, based on new approach methods (NAM), requires the use of batteries of assays, where individual tests may be contributed by different laboratories. A unified strategy for such collaborative testing is presented. It details all procedures required to allow test information to be usable for integrated hazard assessment, strategic project decisions and/or for regulatory purposes. The EU-ToxRisk project developed a strategy to provide regulatorily valid data, and exemplified this using a panel of > 20 assays (with > 50 individual endpoints), each exposed to 19 well-known test compounds (e.g. rotenone, colchicine, mercury, paracetamol, rifampicine, paraquat, taxol). Examples of strategy implementation are provided for all aspects required to ensure data validity: (i) documentation of test methods in a publicly accessible database; (ii) deposition of standard operating procedures (SOP) at the European Union DB-ALM repository; (iii) test readiness scoring accoding to defined criteria; (iv) disclosure of the pipeline for data processing; (v) link of uncertainty measures and metadata to the data; (vi) definition of test chemicals, their handling and their behavior in test media; (vii) specification of the test purpose and overall evaluation plans. Moreover, data generation was exemplified by providing results from 25 reporter assays. A complete evaluation of the entire test battery will be described elsewhere. A major learning from the retrospective analysis of this large testing project was the need for thorough definitions of the above strategy aspects, ideally in form of a study pre-registration, to allow adequate interpretation of the data and to ensure overall scientific/toxicological validity.
Structural Vacancies of Al-based Quasicrystals and Anomalous Transport Property: Positron Annihilation Studies (2012)

We have discussed the relationship between the structural vacancies and anomalous transport properties of stable Al-based quasicrystals, taking into account the anomalous transport mechanism in quasicrystal-like state and experimental data for stable Al-based quasicrystals by positron annihilation methods. It is suggested strongly that the covalent bonding nature, which is induced by the structural vacancies, and high sp-d hybridization relate with the enhancement of the pseudogap near the Fermi energy EF.
Molecular-Level Engineering of Protein Physical Hydrogels for Predictive Sol–Gel Phase Behavior (2011)

Predictable tuning of bulk mechanics from the molecular level remains elusive in many physical hydrogel systems because of the reliance on nonspecific and nonstoichiometric chain interactions for network formation. We describe a mixing-induced two-component hydrogel (MITCH) system, in which network assembly is driven by specific and stoichiometric peptide-peptide binding interactions. By integrating protein science methodologies with a simple polymer physics model, we manipulate the polypeptide binding interactions and demonstrate the direct ability to predict the resulting effects on network cross-linking density, sol-gel phase behavior, and gel mechanics.
The protein-tyrosine kinase substrate, p81, is homologous to a chicken microvillar core protein. (1986)

p81, a protein-tyrosine kinase substrate previously identified in epidermal growth factor-treated A431 cells, is demonstrated to be homologous to ezrin, an 80-kD component of microvillar core proteins. p81 has been characterized using antiserum raised against purified chicken intestinal ezrin. p81, located by indirect immunofluorescent staining, is concentrated in surface projections of A431 cells such as microvilli and retraction fibers. None of the conditions of biochemical cell fractionation tested completely solubilizes p81; the insoluble p81 partitions as if associated with the cytoskeleton. The soluble form of p81 behaves as a monomer in all extraction procedures studied. EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of p81 does not appear to change its intracellular location. p81 exhibits a wide tissue distribution with highest levels of expression in small intestine, kidney, thymus, and lung. Intermediate levels are found in spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, with low levels in brain, heart, and testes. p81 is undetectable in muscle and liver. In A431 cells, p81 is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Upon EGF treatment, approximately 10% of p81 becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine, and the phosphorylation of threonine residues increases.
Preparation of High‐Density Ceria‐Yttria Ceramics (1982)

Fine Ce‐Y oxide powders were prepared by coprecipitation of the carbonate, followed by calcination at 620°C. Hydrolysis of trichloroacetic acid was used to precipitate most of the material from a homogeneous solution; addition of ammonium bicarbonate and ripening of the precipitate were used to increase the yield to 68 to 70%. The precipitate apparently consisted of more than one phase and had an overall composition which suggested that it was a possible mixture of hydrated carbonate, hydroxycarbonate, and hydroxide. The calcined oxide powder was used to prepare an yttria‐doped ceria ceramic by hot‐pressing. The ceramic had the fluorite structure phase with a lattice constant of 0.541088 nm and a composition of Ce 0.914 Y 0.086 O 1.957 . The bulk density of the material was 6.96 g/cm 3 , or 99.4% of theoretical density. The ceramic had equiaxed grains, with an average dimension of 1 to 4 μm and with residual porosity mainly along the grain boundaries. Ac impedance properties of the chemically prepared oxide are compared with those of mechanically mixed and fired Y‐doped CeOZ.
Linear systems and signals (1992)

This book presents a comprehensive treatment of signals and linear systems at an introductory level. The text emphasizes the physical appreciation of concepts rather than mere mathematical manipulation of symbols. Mathematics is used to enhance physical and intuitive understanding rather than to prove axiomatic theory. Theoretical results are frequently supported by carefully chosen examples and analogies. The organization of the book permits a great deal of flexibility in teaching the continuous-time and discrete-time concepts. The natural sequence of chapters is meant to integrate continuous-time and discrete-time analysis. It is also possible to use a sequential approach in which all the continuous-time analysis is covered first, followed by discrete-time analysis. Therefore, the book can adapt either of the most common approaches to teach signals and systems course.
Sensitivity, Specificity and Reliability of Three Pathological Criteria for Alzheimer’s Disease (P6.223) (2016)

Objectives: To examine the sensitivity and specificity, and reliability of the 3 pathological criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Background: The pathological diagnosis of AD has been based on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD (CERAD), The National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Ronald Reagan Institute (RI) Work Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of AD, and the NIA-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria. Methodology: We applied the 3 pathological criteria to 76 demented patients autopsied at the University of Pittsburgh. The neuropathological criteria were dichotomized based on different levels of certainty for AD: CERAD: definite, probable, possible and not AD; NIA-RI: high, moderate, low and not AD; and the NIA-AA: high, intermediate, low, and not AD. Results: The best sensitivity for the NIA-AA criteria (93[percnt]) was when we compared patients with high, intermediate and low levels of certainty versus those considered not AD, and the worst (80[percnt]) when we compared patients with high versus intermediate, low, and not AD. The best sensitivity for the CERAD criteria (93[percnt]) was when we compared definite, probable, and possible levels of certainty versus not AD, and the worst (88[percnt]) when we compared definite versus probable, possible, and not AD. The best sensitivity for the NIA-RI criteria (90[percnt]) was when we compared high, moderate, and low levels of certainty versus not AD, and the worst (78[percnt]) when we compared high versus moderate, low and not AD. The best agreement among the different pathological criteria was between the NIA-AA and CERAD criteria (kappa 0.86). Conclusion: The different diagnostic pathological criteria have similar levels of sensitivity, and there was a high level of agreement among them. The high sensitivity observed with the more “loose” use of the criteria indicated that the clinical syndrome can be expressed with low and high levels of AD pathology.
Patient-reported outcome instruments in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis (2019)

Patient-reported outcome instruments provide valuable insight into disease-related morbidity known only to the patient and complement more objective outcome tools in the clinical trial setting. They are of particular importance in systemic sclerosis owing to the challenges around defining disease activity, the episodic nature of many disease-specific manifestations and the paucity of validated objective surrogate outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Early clinical trials of systemic sclerosis often incorporated legacy patient-reported outcome instruments, but the last 20 years has witnessed the emergence of several scleroderma-specific instruments that are now being routinely used alongside other outcomes in systemic sclerosis clinical trials. More recently, the value of patient-reported outcomes has been highlighted by their prominence in the American College of Rheumatology Combined Response Index for Systemic Sclerosis that has been utilized as the primary endpoint of recent clinical trials of early diffuse systemic sclerosis. This review considers the role and performance of the various patient-reported outcome instruments utilized in systemic sclerosis clinical trials, the current positioning of patient-reported outcome instruments within clinical trial endpoint models across the range of systemic sclerosis disease manifestations and, where applicable, we shall highlight areas for future research.
Electrostatic potentials and fields in infinite point charge lattices (1981)

The Coulomb potentials and fields in infinite point charge lattices are represented by series expansions in real and reciprocal space using a method similar to that devised by Bertaut. A systematic investigation is made into the relative convergence characteristics of series derived by varying the charge spreading function which is required in the theory. A number of formulas which are already in use are compared with new expressions derived by this method.
Synthesis and structural characterization of Li3Y(BO3)2 (2017)

Abstract Li 3 Y(BO 3 ) 2 was prepared by high-temperature solid state synthesis at 900°C in a platinum crucible from lithium carbonate, boric acid, and yttrium(III) oxide. The compound crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P 2 1 / c (no. 14) ( Z =4) isotypically to Li 3 Gd(BO 3 ) 2 . The structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data: a =8.616(3), b =6.416(3), c =10.014(2) Å, β =116.6(2)°, V =494.9(3) Å 3 , R 1=0.0211, and wR 2=0.0378 for all data. The crystal structure of Li 3 Y(BO 3 ) 2 consists of [Y 2 O 14 ] dinuclear units, which are interconnected to each other by planar B(1)O 3 groups and LiO 4 tetrahedra via common edges and corners along the a axis.
Radiosurgical Pathology Observations on Cerebral Metastases after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (2006)

Background: Comprehensive human pathological investigations, exploring fundamental radiosurgical effects on metastatic brain tumors are sparse in the medical literature. The aim of this study was to analyze histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in a set of cerebral metastases following radiosurgery. Methods: Out of a series of 7,000 (900 in Brussels + 6,100 in Pittsburgh) patients that had radiosurgery, 2,020 (200 Brussels + 1,820 Pittsburgh) patients harbored cerebral metastases. Eighteen patients underwent 24 craniotomies for tumor removal in a 1-59 months interval after high-dose irradiation. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations were performed on the surgically resected tissue specimens. Besides routine hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemical reactions were carried out to characterize the phenotypic nature of tumor tissues and the accompanying reactive inflammatory cell population following radiosurgery. Results: Light microscopy revealed three basic categories of histological responses namely acute-type, subacute-type, and chronic-type tissue reactions in a variety of different metastatic tumors. A moderate to intense inflammatory cell component was seen in the tissue reactions of well controlled neoplasms (lasting >5 months before craniotomy), while this inflammatory response was missing or faint in the poorly controlled cases (requiring <5 months before craniotomy required) after radiosurgery. Immunohistochemical characterization demonstrated prominent CD68+ macrophage and CD3+ T-lymphocyte populations in the inflammatory reaction. Conclusions: Though causality was not established, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings suggest that an inflammatory role is important in the local tumor control following radiosurgery of metastatic brain tumors.
Phosphorylation of Vpr Regulates HIV Type 1 Nuclear Import and Macrophage Infection (2002)

Viral protein R (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a small accessory protein that regulates nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex and facilitates infection of nondividing cells, such as macrophages. Studies demonstrated that a fraction of Vpr molecules is phosphorylated in the virions and in HIV-1-infected cells, but the role of phosphorylation in nuclear import activity of Vpr has not been established. We found that Vpr is phosphorylated predominantly on the serine residue in position 79, and mutations affecting Vpr phosphorylation significantly attenuated viral replication in macrophages, but not in activated T lymphocytes or cell lines. The replication defect was mapped by polymerase chain reaction analysis to the step of nuclear import. These results suggest that phosphorylation of Vpr regulates its activity in the nuclear import of the HIV-1 preintegration complex.
Prototypical lattice model of a moving defect: The role of environmental viscosity (2007)

The goal of this short note is to present a simple discrete micromodel of a moving crystalline defect allowing one to compute in closed form the functional relation between the macroscopic driving force and the velocity of the defect (the kinetic relation). To make the description more realistic, we augmented the Hamiltonian lattice model by adding an environmental viscous dissipation.
Nucleation and growth of copper electrodeposits on titanium substrates (1991)

"30th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM; 1991 Fall Meeting of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Extraction and Processing Division; 21st Annual Hydrometallurgical Meeting of CIM."
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐HIV Agents. Part 1. Synthesis and in vitro Anti‐HIV Evaluation of Novel in 1H,3H‐Thiazolo(3,4‐a)benzimidazoles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved calibration method for a five-hole spherical Pitot probe (1970)

A calibration method is described for a five-hole spherical Pitot probe by which the direction of a velocity vector is fixed by two Cartesian angles, one lying in the horizontal equatorial plane and the other in a vertical meridian plane containing the velocity vector. Measurements are found to be possible within the range of up to 65° half cone angle from the probe axes.