gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phlebopus roseus, a new edible bolete from China, is associated with insects and plants (2020)

<i>Phlebopus roseus</i> is described as new based on collections from southwest China. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and portions of nuclear 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>tef1</i>), and the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (<i>rpb1, rpb2</i>) support <i>P. roseus</i> as a novel species in the genus <i>Phlebopus</i> (Boletinellaceae, Boletales). The new species resembles <i>P. portentosus</i> but differs from it in that mature basidiomata have a bright rose-red-colored stipe and a radiate tubular hymenophore with nested pores. Despite extensive searching, <i>P. roseus</i> has only been found at four sites within a 24-hectare orchard dominated by <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i>, which is agriculturally important given its fruit production (loquats). Therefore, this species appears to be endemic and geographically restricted. The ecology of this bolete is also unique. In line with the trophic behavior of other species in the Boletinellaceae, our observations indicate that <i>P. roseus</i> forms a symbiotic association with the scale insect <i>Coccus hesperidum</i>, identified through sequence analysis of its mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I (<i>COI</i>) region, to form fungus-insect galls that develop on roots of <i>E. japonica</i> trees. <i>Phlebopus roseus</i> is an edible mushroom species and is collected from the type location by farmers and sold commercially in limited quantities at local markets alongside <i>P. portentosus</i> and other fungi.
Variational Bayesian Estimation and Clustering for Speech Recognition (2004)

In this paper, we propose variational Bayesian estimation and clustering for speech recognition (VBEC), which is based on the variational Bayesian (VB) approach. VBEC is a total Bayesian framework: all speech recognition procedures (acoustic modeling and speech classification) are based on VB posterior distribution, unlike the maximum likelihood (ML) approach based on ML parameters. The total Bayesian framework generates two major Bayesian advantages over the ML approach for the mitigation of over-training effects, as it can select an appropriate model structure without any data set size condition, and can classify categories robustly using a predictive posterior distribution. By using these advantages, VBEC: 1) allows the automatic construction of acoustic models along two separate dimensions, namely, clustering triphone hidden Markov model states and determining the number of Gaussians and 2) enables robust speech classification, based on Bayesian predictive classification using VB posterior distributions. The capabilities of the VBEC functions were confirmed in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition experiments for read and spontaneous speech tasks. The experiments confirmed that VBEC automatically constructed accurate acoustic models and robustly classified speech, i.e., totally mitigated the over-training effects with high word accuracies due to the VBEC functions.
Origins of Water State and Ionic Cluster Morphology for High Proton Conductivity of Short Side-Chain Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Membranes (2022)

The property of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes depends not only on the ion exchange capacity (IEC), but also on the chemical structure of the functional side-chain and the phase-separation morphology. Two PFSA membranes, the long side-chain (LSC) and the short side-chain (SSC), have been investigated to study the structure–property relationship, covering the ionic domain structure and the proton transport. The proton conductivity of the SSC PFSA membrane is 143 and 209 mS/cm at 30 °C and 80 °C in water, which is 30–40% higher than that of the LSC PFSA membrane (103 and 161 mS/cm). The bound-to-free water ratio in the hydrated membranes was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy, which show that a higher ratio accounts for the improved proton conductivity of the SSC PFSA membrane. The chain mobility was analyzed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, which reveals that the side chain of the SSC membrane more readily self-assembles. This result was verified by the morphology from transmission electron microscopy. The small-angle X-ray scattering results show that the SSC PFSA membrane exhibits smaller domain spacing between the ionic clusters in dehydrated membranes. These observations, a larger ionic cluster and smaller domain spacing in the dehydrated SSC membrane, indicate a reduced size of the hydrophobic assembly feature domains, and the ionic channel connectivity is better in the SSC, which can be another key issue for its improved proton conductivity, in addition to the higher IEC and higher proton mobility.
Cell viabilities and biodegradation rates of DNA/protamine complexes with two different molecular weights of DNA (2013)

Two types of DNA/protamine complexes were prepared from protamine sulfate and 7000 base pair (bp) DNA or original DNA to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of DNA on zeta potential, cell viability, flowability, soft tissue response, and biodegradation rate. The 7000 bp DNA/protamine complex had a negative charge while the original DNA/protamine complex had a positive charge. The cell viabilities (90.4-106.8%) of these complexes were close to each other. The 7000 bp DNA/protamine complex became a softer dough than that of the original DNA/complex when both were kneaded with water. In vivo, the original DNA/protamine complex showed a milder tissue response. The original DNA/protamine complex almost disappeared 30 days after implantation. The 7000 bp DNA/complex disappeared approximately 2 weeks after implantation and areas where samples were implanted became empty. Thereafter, the empty space was gradually replaced by new soft tissues. The original DNA/protamine complex showed low intercalation and groove binding ratios of daunorubicin hydrochloride. Results indicate that high DNA condensation by cationic protamine protected the penetration of degradation enzymes into these complexes. It was found that a high molecular weight of DNA reduced the biodegradation rate and flowability. This study suggests that DNA/protamine complexes could be candidates for biomaterials that control biodegradation rates and flowability.
Extending Mesh Networks to Opportunistic Resource Sharing (2012)

We propose a high-level framework that extends the notion of opportunistic mesh networking to include opportunistic access to and sharing of other device resources such as nonvolatile data storage and computation. While work has been done on providing opportunistic access to each of these resources (network access, data storage, and computation, that is) individually, this paper is an attempt to bring all three resource-sharing applications under the same umbrella. This framework uses an existing "web of trust" protocol that does not require a full public-key infrastructure (PKI) and adds reputation mechanisms to handle interactions between both explicitly-trusted and untrusted peers. Once devices have initiated a connection, they mutually authenticate one another and negotiate the terms of a resource-sharing agreement overran encrypted tunnel. This agreement may involve a payment of electronic currency or a request for credit in exchange for a particular resource, or the resource may be provided at no cost. Each device's local policy dictates how interactions with others should proceed.
Effect of Structural Difference of Photoinitiator on Photocopolymerization of an Alicyclic Epoxy Compound and a Spiroorthocarbonate (1992)

Abstract This article describes the photoinitiated cationic copolymerization of 1,6,8,13-tetraoxaspiro [7,7] tridecanes (SOC7), unconstrictive monomer, and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3′,4′-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ERL-4221). With four photoinitiators-Bis[4-(diphenylsulfonio) alkyl phenyl] sulfide-Bishexafluoroantimonate (sp-170), Bis[4-(diphenylsulfonio) alkyl phenyl] Sulfide-Bishexafluorophosphite (sp-150), Benzoloxyphenylbenzylmethyl sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (BBS) and p-hydroxyphenyl benzyl methyl sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (PHS). The effect of photoinitiator type on the photocuring rate have been discussed. The test results show the sp-170 is the most efficient photoinitiator. The Tg as might be expected is independent of photoinitiator type, but results indicates that Tg increased with the irradiation time.
Comparing gene expression similarity metrics for connectivity map (2013)

Connectivity map data and associated methodologies have become a valuable tool in understanding drug mechanism of action (MOA) and discovering new indications for drugs. The basic idea of connectivity map is to measure the similarity between disease gene expression signatures and compound-induced gene expression signatures. We evaluate different gene expression profile similarity metrics by comparing their ability to predict a compound's chemical grouping using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) drug classification system. The results show that our simple eXtreme sum (XSum) and eXtreme cosine (XCos) measures perform significantly better than the standard Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic in term of area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and partial AUC.
Induction of growth inhibition of 293 cells by downregulation of the cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 proteins due to overexpression of TIS21 (1998)

We earlier reported that TIS21 mRNA expression was markedly decreased in A549 and NCIH69 human lung cancer cells and in thymic carcinoma tissues obtained from transgenic mice containing simian virus 40 large T antigen (J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 121:279-284, 1995). To determine how TIS21 inhibits growth, we made 293 cells that constitutively expressed TIS21 protein. The constitutive TIS21 expresser lines C9 and C11 grew to a lower saturation density than did those in the vector-transfected clones (V7 and V10) and antisense-transfected clones (AS1 and AS4), and the size of the C9 and C11 cells increased significantly after transfection with TIS21 cDNA. The serum-stimulated cell cycle was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after double thymidine treatment; V10 progressed normally through the cell division cycle, but C9 and C11 cells accumulated continuously in G1 phase until 36 h after treatment. On the other hand, the progression of cells that had already entered to S or G2/M phase was not inhibited. When cell-cycle regulatory proteins were measured, C9 and C11 cells showed significantly reduced synthesis of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 as well as a decrease in cyclin E-associated cdk activity. These observations led us to conclude that TIS21 overexpression in G1 phase decreased the amounts of cyclin E and cdk4, thereby decreasing the activity of cdks at the G1-S transition.
Near Full-Length Genetic Analysis of HIV Sequences Derived from Cyprus: Evidence of a Highly Polyphyletic and Evolving Infection (2009)

The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection was previously studied in Cyprus but the degree of HIV-1 diversity has remained indefinable. The main objective of the present study is to examine HIV-1 strains isolated from 77 HIV-1-infected individuals representing 38% of the known infected population in Cyprus in the period 1986 to 2006. DNA of the near full-length genome encoding gag, pol, vif, vpr, vpu, tat, rev, env, and 5'-end of nef was amplified by nested PCR/RT-PCR from all HIV-1 seropositives and sequenced using a newly designed assay. Detailed phylogenetic and bootscanning analyses were performed to determine phylogenetic associations and subtype assignments. Phylogenetic analyses of the obtained viral sequences indicated that subtype B was the dominant subtype (61%), followed by subtype A (23.3%), subtype C (5.2%), CRF02_AG (3.9%), and subtype D, CRF01_AE, and CRF04_cpx (1.3% each). Two HIV-1 isolates (2.6%), originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), were not classified in any pure (sub)subtype or circulating recombinant form (CRF). Complete phylogenetic and bootscanning analyses revealed that one of these isolates had a new, unique recombinant pattern, comprising segments of subtypes D and G, and is distinct from any other CRFs or URFs reported so far. Detailed analyses of the sequence of the second isolate, which could not be classified, reveal that it is close to subtype K reference sequences but clusters near the root of the clade. At least two epidemiologically unrelated HIV-1 seropositives with an HIV-1 variant similar to this isolate are required to designate this variant as a novel HIV-1 subtype or subsubtype of subtype K. Analogous to results of the earlier epidemiological studies, these data exhibit the extensive heterogeneity of HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which is being fueled by a continuous entry of new strains from other countries, creating an evolving and polyphyletic infection.
The Development of a SLS Composite Material (2018)

The development of a commercial SLS nylon-based composite material (LNC 7000) is&#13;\ndescribed. Nylon composite candidate systems with different volume fractions of a&#13;\nnumber of glass fiber and glass bead reinforcements were screened. It was found that fully&#13;\ndense SLS parts with excellent mechanical properties could be made from a number of&#13;\nreinforced nylon materials. An optimized material containing 29 volume percent 35 Ilm&#13;\ndiameter glass beads was selected based on the processing behavior and mechanical&#13;\nproperties of the candidate systems. The performance of this optimized material is&#13;\ndescribed. In addition, complementary aspects of the composite nylon and unreinforced&#13;\nnylon materials (LN 4010 and LNF 5000) are discussed.
Admission Serum Bicarbonate Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients (2021)

A low serum bicarbonate (SB) level is predictive of adverse outcomes in kidney injury, infection, and aging. Because the liver plays an important role in acid-base homeostasis and lactic acid metabolism, we speculated that such a relationship would exist for patients with cirrhosis. To assess the prognostic value of admission SB on adverse hospital outcomes, clinical characteristics were extracted and analyzed from a large electronic health record system. Patients were categorized based on admission SB (mEq/L) into 7 groups based on the reference range (22-25) into mildly (18-21), moderately (14-17), and severely (<14) decreased groups and mildly (26-29), moderately (30-33), and severely (>30) increased groups, and the relationship of SB category with the frequency of complications (acute kidney injury/hepatorenal syndrome, portosystemic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) and hospital metrics (length of stay [LOS], admission to an intensive care unit [ICU], and mortality) was assessed. A total of 2,693 patients were analyzed. Mean SB was 22.9 ± 4.5 mEq/L. SB was within the normal range (22-25 mEq/L) in 1,072 (39.8%) patients, and 955 patients (36%) had a low SB. As the SB category decreased, the incidence of complications progressively increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Increased MELD-Na score and low serum albumin also correlated with frequency of complications (<i>p</i> < 0.001). As the SB category decreased, LOS, ICU admission, and mortality progressively increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the association of decreased SB with higher odds of complications, LOS, ICU admission, and mortality persisted. <i>Conclusion</i>. Low admission SB in patients with cirrhosis is associated with cirrhotic complications, longer LOS, increased ICU admissions, and increased hospital mortality.
Derivatives of 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dichlorophenol) (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dichlorophenol)Henry C. Godt Jr. and Marshall C. FreerksCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1967, 12, 2, 252–254Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60033a023https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Basis for the Enhanced Lipase‐Catalyzed N‐Acylation of 1‐Phenylethanamine with Methoxyacetate (2006)

One of the commercial methods for preparing enantiopure amines is lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution, although lipases catalyze aminolysis with only low activity. Interestingly, in 1997 Balkenhohl et al. used ethyl methoxyacetate instead of ethyl butyrate as an acylation reagent for the aminolysis of 1-phenylethanamine and increased the reaction rate more than a 100-fold. This method has been applied to other aminolysis reactions, but the molecular basis for the enhanced rate is not understood. A molecular-modeling study of the transition-state analogue for the aminolysis showed that an interaction between the beta-oxygen atom in methoxyacetate and the amine nitrogen atom might be a key factor in the rate enhancement. Other acylation reagents, such as methyl 3-methoxypropionate and methyl 4-methoxybutyrate, were chosen to test the influence of this interaction because these molecules can be spatially arranged to have similar interactions. The results were similar to that in the acylation with methoxyacetate. The initial aminolysis rates were improved (11-fold and sixfold, respectively) compared to that with butyrate. In contrast, alcoholysis with 1-phenylethanol afforded the same rate with all acyl donors.
Current and Future Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis (2020)

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have demonstrated their potential role in predictive chemistry and synthetic planning of small molecules; there are at least a few reports of companies employing in silico synthetic planning into their overall approach to accessing target molecules. A data-driven synthesis planning program is one component being developed and evaluated by the Machine Learning for Pharmaceutical Discovery and Synthesis (MLPDS) consortium, comprising MIT and 13 chemical and pharmaceutical company members. Together, we wrote this perspective to share how we think predictive models can be integrated into medicinal chemistry synthesis workflows, how they are currently used within MLPDS member companies, and the outlook for this field.
Disruption of Pituitary Gonadotrope Activity in Male Rats After Short- or Long-Term High-Fat Diets Is Not Associated With Pituitary Inflammation (2022)

Overnutrition is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways in metabolically linked organs and an early hypothalamic inflammation is now known to disrupt the central control of metabolic function. Because we demonstrated that fatty acids (FA) target the pituitary and affect gonadotropin synthesis, we asked whether overnutrition induces pituitary inflammation that may contribute to obesity-associated disorders in the control of reproduction. We analyzed pituitary inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in male rats fed a short- (4 weeks) or long-term (20 weeks) high-fat diet. The effect of diet enrichment with the ω3 polyunsaturated FA, DHA, was also analyzed. After only 4 weeks and before weight gain of rats, high-fat diet caused a significant decrease in pituitary gonadotropin and hypothalamic GnRH transcript levels despite unchanged testosterone and inhibin B levels. Contrasting with the hypothalamus, there was no concomitant increases in gene expression of pituitary inflammatory mediators and even a reduction of prototypical cytokines such as interleukin-1β and TNF-α. No inflammation was still detected in the pituitary after 20 weeks although gonadotropin transcripts and circulating levels were still altered. Gonadotropins were the only pituitary hormones remaining affected at this stage of the regimen, underlying a differential susceptibility of pituitary lineages to metabolic disorders. DHA enrichment of the diet did not prevent alterations of gonadotrope activity due to either a long- or a short-term high-fat diet although it blocked early hypothalamic inflammation and attenuated several metabolic effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that high-fat diet-induced defects in gonadotrope activity in male rats occurred despite a lack of pituitary inflammation.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed or Mediated Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Reactions of Zirconacycles and Alkenylzirconocenes (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DeSiNe: a flow-level QoS Simulator of Networks (2008)

In this paper we present DeSiNe, a modular flow-level network simulator. DeSiNe is aimed at performance analysis and benchmarking of Quality of Service routing algorithms and traffic engineering extensions. Several well-known QoS routing algorithms and traffic engineering extensions have been implem
Divertículo de Meckel complicado: Análisis de 66 pacientes (2003)

Se realiza un estudio de 66 pacientes pediátricos operados de divertículo de Meckel complicado, en los hospitales pediátricos universitarios "William Soler" (15 años), "Pedro Borrás" (15 años) y Centro Habana (10 años). La mayor incidencia estuvo en el grupo etáreo de 0 a 2 años con 25 pacientes para el 37,9 %. Predominó el sexo masculino con 71,2 %. La diverticulitis fue la complicación más frecuente con el 48,5 %. La heterotopia se halló en el 33, 3 % y la de mayor incidencia fue la gástrica. En el 68,2 %, 45 pacientes, se realizó la resección y anastomosis término-terminal. La complicación más frecuente fue la sepsis de la herida quirúrgica.&lt;br&gt;A study of 66 pediatric patients operated on from complicated Meckel&amp;acute;s diverticulum in university pediatric hospitals "William Soler" (15 years), "Pedro Borrás" (15 years) and Centro Habana/10 years) was carried out. The highest incidence was in the 0-2y age group with 25 patients for 37,9 %. Males were predominant with 71,2 %. Diverticulitis was the most frequent complication in 48,5 % of cases. Heterotopy was found in 33,3 % of cases and the highest incidence corresponded to the gastric one. Forty five patients (68,2 %) were performed resection and termino-terminal anastomosis. The most frequent complication was surgical wound sepsis.