gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p63 control of desmosome gene expression and adhesion is compromised in AEC syndrome (2012)

Ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects, cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the p63 gene, essential for embryonic development of stratified epithelia. The most severe cutaneous manifestation of this disorder is the long-lasting skin fragility associated with severe skin erosions after birth. Using a knock-in mouse model for AEC syndrome, we found that skin fragility was associated with microscopic blistering between the basal and suprabasal compartments of the epidermis and reduced desmosomal contacts. Expression of desmosomal cadherins and desmoplakin was strongly reduced in AEC mutant keratinocytes and in newborn epidermis. A similar impairment in desmosome gene expression was observed in human keratinocytes isolated from AEC patients, in p63-depleted keratinocytes and in p63 null embryonic skin, indicating that p63 mutations causative of AEC syndrome have a dominant-negative effect on the wild-type p63 protein. Among the desmosomal components, desmocollin 3, desmoplakin and desmoglein 1 were the most significantly reduced by mutant p63 both at the RNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and transactivation assays revealed that p63 controls these genes at the transcriptional level. Consistent with reduced desmosome function, AEC mutant and p63-deficient keratinocytes had an impaired ability to withstand mechanical stress, which was alleviated by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors known to stabilize desmosomes. Our study reveals that p63 is a crucial regulator of a subset of desmosomal genes and that this function is impaired in AEC syndrome. Reduced mechanical strength resulting from p63 mutations can be alleviated pharmacologically by increasing desmosome adhesion with possible therapeutic implications.
Process execution and enactment in medical environments (2017)

Process models are increasingly recognized as an important asset for higher-quality healthcare. They may be used for analyzing, documenting, and explaining complex medical processes to the stakeholders involved in the process. Models may also be used for driving single processes or for orchestrating multiple ones. Model-driven software technologies therefore appear promising. In particular, process enactment provides software-based support for executing operational processes. A wide variety of possible enactment schemes are available in medical environments, e.g., to maintain daily medical worklists, to issue warnings or reminders in specific process states, to schedule tasks competing for resources, to provide on-the-fly advice in case of staff unavailability, and so forth. Such variety of possible process enactments calls for a common conceptual framework for defining, comparing, classifying, and integrating them. The paper introduces such a framework and describes a number of patterns for process execution and enactment based on it. These patterns result from a simple generic, goal-oriented model of medical process execution aiming at clarifying the role of software within the process and its environment. The patterns are illustrated on two real, non-trivial case studies.
Absolut messendes Diodenlaserinterferometer (Diode Laser Interferometer for Absolute Distance Measurement) (2003)

Abstract Absolut messende Interferometer werden für die Bestimmung größerer Längen bei praktischen Anwendungen selten genutzt. Die Vorteile überwiegen die Kosten bei vielen Anwendungen nicht. Es wird ein absolut messendes Interferometer vorgestellt, das geringere Anforderungen an Laser, Längenreferenz und Umgebungsbedingungen stellt. Das Messprinzip, die Komponenten und Untersuchungen zur Messunsicherheit des Interferometers werden beschrieben.
Evaporation of droplets on strong and low-pinning surfaces and dynamics of the triple line (2011)

Evaporation of water droplets deposited on metal and polymer substrates was studied. The evaporated droplet demonstrates different behaviors on low-pinning (polymer) and strong-pinning (metallic) surfaces. When deposited on polymer surfaces, the evaporated droplet is featured by stick-slip sliding, whereas on strong-pinning metallic surfaces it does not show such kind of motion and demonstrates the giant contact-angle hysteresis. Stick-slip motion of droplets is described satisfactorily by the Shanahan-Sefiane model relating this kind of motion to surmounting potential barriers caused by the pinning of the triple (three-phase) line. The experimentally established "stick" times coincide with the values predicted by the Shanahan-Sefiane theory. The values of potential barriers are reported. The notion of the equilibrium contact angle is refined.
Novel Poxvirus Infection in 2 Patients From the United States (2014)

This report serves as a reminder that poxviruses should be considered in cutaneous human infections, especially in individuals with known barnyard exposures. The clinical course of the patients was similar to that of parapoxvirus infections, and the source of this virus is currently unknown but is presumed to be zoonotic. This report also demonstrates the importance of a comprehensive approach to diagnosis of human infections caused by previously unknown pathogens.
Distinctive Features of Drosophila Alternative Splicing Factor RS Domain: Implication for Specific Phosphorylation, Shuttling, and Splicing Activation (2001)

The human splicing factor 2, also called human alternative splicing factor (hASF), is the prototype of the highly conserved SR protein family involved in constitutive and regulated splicing of metazoan mRNA precursors. Here we report that the Drosophila homologue of hASF (dASF) lacks eight repeating arginine-serine dipeptides at its carboxyl-terminal region (RS domain), previously shown to be important for both localization and splicing activity of hASF. While this difference has no effect on dASF localization, it impedes its capacity to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and abolishes its phosphorylation by SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1). dASF also has an altered splicing activity. While being competent for the regulation of 5' alternative splice site choice and activation of specific splicing enhancers, dASF fails to complement S100-cytoplasmic splicing-deficient extracts. Moreover, targeted overexpression of dASF in transgenic flies leads to higher deleterious developmental defects than hASF overexpression, supporting the notion that the distinctive structural features at the RS domain between the two proteins are likely to be functionally relevant in vivo.
Cell surface expression of LDL receptor in chronic hepatitis C: correlation with viral load (2007)

The LDL receptor (LDL-R) has been proposed as the viral receptor for Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This hypothesis has been based exclusively on in vitro studies. In human mononuclear cells, LDL-R gene expression has been demonstrated to be parallel and be coordinately regulated to gene expression in the human liver. The purpose of the current study was to determine the mononuclear cell surface expression of the LDL receptor in patients with HCV chronic infection according to viral load. Sixty-eight consecutive untreated chronic hepatitis C patients were studied to determine the mononuclear cell surface expression of the LDL-R. LDL-Rs were quantified at the surface of mononuclear cells in fresh blood samples taken after fasting using flow cytometry. LDL-R expression was significantly associated with LDL-cholesterol (r = -0.25; P = 0.03) and HCV-viral load (r = 0.37, P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, the LDL-R expression was significantly associated with HCV viral load, whereas genotype, age, body mass index, and fibrosis were not. In conclusion, our data provided by a human study, suggest that the LDL-R may be one of the receptors implicated in HCV replication.
Stress and HIV Disease Progression: Psychoneuroimmunological Framework (1999)

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interrelationships among behavior, neural and endocrine function, and the immune system. PNI investigates the relationships among stress, physiological dysregulation, and health outcomes. Research has supported the theory that emotional distress and the resultant neuroendocrine activation can induce immune system suppression. This suppression has significant implications for disease susceptibility and progression. HIV disease and its extensive immunological consequences are explored within this framework. Potential physiological pathways that may mediate stress-induced dysregulation within the context of HIV disease are identified. Key HIV-related PNI research studies are reviewed and critically analyzed. Implications for nursing practice and research are discussed.
Nanostructured Thermoelectrics: The New Paradigm? (2009)

This review discusses recent developments and current research in bulk thermoelectric materials in which nanostructuring is a key aspect affecting thermoelectric performance. Systems based on PbTe, AgPbmSbTe2+m, NaPbmSbTe2+m, Bi2Te3, and Si are given particular emphasis. To date the dramatic enhancements in figure of merit in bulk nanostructured materials come from very large reductions in lattice thermal conductivity rather than improvement in power factors. A discussion of future possible strategies is aimed at enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit of these materials.
Long-Term Integrity of Waste Package Final Closure for HLW Geological Disposal, (I) Points at Issue Concerning 1,000 Years Containment Capability of Overpack (2005)

Overpack, a high-level radioactive waste package for geological disposal, seals vitrified waste and in line with Japan's waste management program is required to isolate it from contact with groundwater for 1,000 years. In this study, based on the structure of carbon steel overpack presented in JNCs H12 Report, the basic requirements for welding and non-destructive examination methods presumed to be necessary to seal the overpack lid and to examine the weld, were investigated and categorized into two separate groups of technical and theoretical issues. Through discussions about these issues from the viewpoint of the long-term integrity required of the overpack, an incremental approach was identified consisting of (1) experimental study on applicability of welding and NDE methods, (2) introduction of evaluation methods for the obtained data, and (3) Presentation of promising methods for overpack final closure including lid structure, appropriate welding and NDE methods. This led to the provision of a methodology that would be able to ensure the duration of containment for the overpack final closure weld and is discussed in the conclusion of this paper, as the 1st report.
Automated Cellular Imaging System III for Assessing HER2 Status in Breast Cancer Specimens (2009)

The goal of this study was to assess the performance characteristics of the Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS III) for HER2 immunohistochemical analysis. The study was performed on 187 biopsy slides from patients who underwent HER2 testing between January and February 2008. Three scoring methods by the ACIS III were compared with the manual score and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results for HER2 amplification. The equal distribution score (EQD) method, in which 2 areas each of high-, moderate-, and low-intensity staining were measured, most closely matched the FISH HER2 amplification result. The numbers of immunohistochemically negative (0 or 1+)/FISH+ cases were equivalent for all methods. The EQD method had significantly fewer 2+ cases (n = 16) (P < .001) vs the manual method (n = 35) and yielded a higher positive predictive value (38%) for HER2 amplification compared with the manual method (20%). The EQD method may more accurately identify FISH-amplified HER2 cases with fewer 2+ cases that would be "reflexed" to FISH compared with the manual method.
LTD technology of primary energy storage (2004)

LTD technology is being developed at HECI as an alternative to Marx generators. The basic unit of LTD storage is the LTD stage that is completely separate device build as a transformer with vacuum insulated secondary tum. Unlike in Marx scheme where the top stages get high voltage potential at erection, all the LTD stages keep ground potential during the shot. This means that the insulation inside the LTD stage has to be designed to withstand the charge voltage only thus allowing to reduce the thickness of insulation between the conductors that defines the inductance of the discharge circuit, reduce the pulse width and increase the output power of the generator. This feature of the LTD storage is attractive for ≪direct drive≫ systems operating in the 100 ns range without of intermediate power amplification. To the moment, the most powerful LTD stage delivers to the matched load a ~100 GW pulse with the current of ~1 MA rising in ~100 ns.
Prenatal diagnosis of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia using allele- specific oligonucleotide probes (1991)

The prediction of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NATP) in affected families has, in the past, been based on information about gene frequencies of the antigen systems involved, parental phenotyping, and fetal platelet counts. We explored the feasibility of allele-specific oligonucleotide probe typing for PIA antigens to determine the risk of second or subsequent fetuses in families where one infant had a diagnosis of anti-PIA1-mediated NATP. A total of eight families at risk for delivering an affected fetus were studied with both serologic and oligonucleotide typing. The correlation between serologic and oligonucleotide PIA types was 100%. Similarly, in an additional eight families not at risk for PIA1-mediated NATP, serologic and oligonucleotide typing maintained a perfect correlation. DNA isolated from fetal leukocytes as well as fetal amniocytes was successfully typed using this technology. Oligonucleotide-based typing of fetuses at risk for NATP whose fathers are heterozygous for the PIA antigens allows early recognition of affected fetuses so that prenatal therapy of mothers can be instituted if necessary. When fetuses are found to be unaffected, invasive, and/or expensive, prenatal interventions can be avoided.
Chiral discrimination of the enantiomers of δ‐phenyl‐δ‐valerolactone by cellulose triacetate: A chromatographic and microcalorimetric study of the thermodynamics (1993)

Abstract The resolution of racemic δ‐phenyl‐δ‐valerolactone by chromatography on cellulose triacetate CTA I results in one of the best separations of optical antipodes observed so far on this chiral stationary phase. The thermodynamics of the stereoselective interaction of the enantiomers of δ‐phenly‐δ‐valerolactone have been studied by chromatography at different temperatures and by direct microcalorimetric investigations of the complexation with CTA I. This analysis suggests that the separation process is mainly controlled thermodynamically and that kinetic effects, if any, play a minor role. Microcalorimetric titration experiments indicate that specific (optimum) complexation sites on CTA I for the stronger retained enantiomer of δ‐phenly‐δ‐valerolactone are rapidly saturated, whereas the first eluted enantiomer seems to interact much less selectively with defined interaction sites on the chiral polymer matrix. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dew on aircraft-based passive microwave observations over an agricultural domain (2012)

Microwave remote sensing can provide reliable measurements of surface soil moisture. However, some land surface conditions can have a perturbing influence on soil moisture retrievals. In the soil moisture experiments in 2005 (SMEX05), we attempted to contribute to the understanding of the effect of dew using concurrent ground and aircraft observations. Early morning flights were conducted with an airborne microwave radiometer from June 19 to July 2, 2005, in Iowa, USA over an agricultural domain. Results of the experiment indicated that dew had a small but measurable effect on the observed 10.7-GHz brightness temperatures. The results indicate that the H-pol emissivity increased 0.015 to 0.04 for the corn sites, 0.014 to 0.02 for soybean, and 0.01 for forest sites as dew evaporated. These results suggest that the presence of dew decreases X-band land surface emissivity slightly and the effect of dew varies with vegetation types. Our findings are consistent with other works in the literature that has found that the effect of dew depends on both the type of vegetation and the wavelength of observation, but further studies should be conducted to verify this hypothesis.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of a Regional Aircraft Wing Box (2002)

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) tech- niques were successfully applied in sizing the wing boxes of the newly developed Fairchild Dornier re- gional jet family. A common finite element model for the whole aircraft was used for the static and aero- elastic optimization and analysis purposes. A detailed design model in the order of thousands of design variables was constructed. All relevant sizing re- quirements for structural strength, aeroelastic behav- ior and manufacturing, resulting in over 800,000 con- straints, were applied under all loading conditions. Many auxiliary tools for automating the process of preparing the huge amount of required input data, as well as the rapid assessment of results, were devel- oped. Most of these tools were developed in close coordination with the MSC Software GmbH, since the MDO implementation process is centered around the optimization procedure in MSC.Nastran SOL 200. A new MSC.Nastran feature called External Server was utilized to integrate company specific wing buck- ling constraints into the Nastran optimization loop. An independent and comprehensive analysis of the con- ceived wing box's structural sizes confirmed the va- lidity of the results.
Heterogeneous Baylis–Hillman using a polystyrene-bound 4-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)pyridine as reusable catalyst (2003)

An insoluble Merrifield type resin having 4-aminopyridine units is a suitable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the Baylis-Hillman coupling of aromatic aldehydes and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.
Fast-Neutron Techniques for Volume-Fraction Measurement in Multiphase Flows (1995)

Abstract The use of fast neutrons to measure the phase volume fraction in thick-walled (high-pressure) pipes and in channels with metallic inclusions is demonstrated. In particular, systems for measuring the void fraction of boiling water in a small (22 mm i.d.) pipe and a large (127 mm o.d.) pipe, with wall thickness of 3 mm and 7 mm, respectively, are shown. In addition, a device for measuring the void fraction in a channel containing a seven-element rod-bundle is described. Also, a technique is presented for measuring the phase volume-fraction in an oil-water-gas flow. In all cases, isotopic sources of modest radioactivity are used, enabling the design of well-shielded and portable devices.
ATTILA: a cycle-level execution-driven simulator for modern GPU architectures (2006)

The present work presents a cycle-level execution-driven simulator for modern GPU architectures. We discuss the simulation model used for our GPU simulator, based in the concept of boxes and signals, and the relation between the timing simulator and the functional emulator. The simulation model we use helps to increase the accuracy and reduce the number of errors in the timing simulator while allowing for an easy extensibility of the simulated GPU architecture. We also introduce the OpenGL framework used to feed the simulator with traces from real applications (UT2004, Doom3) and a performance debugging tool (Signal Trace Visualizer). The presented ATTILA simulator supports the simulation of a whole range of GPU configurations and architectures, from the embedded segment to the high end PC segment, supporting both the unified and non unified shader architectural models.
The Efficacy of SHIELD under Different Threat Models (2019)

In this appraisal paper, we evaluate the efficacy of SHIELD, a compression-based defense framework for countering adversarial attacks on image classification models, which was published at KDD 2018. Here, we consider alternative threat models not studied in the original work, where we assume that an adaptive adversary is aware of the ensemble defense approach, the defensive pre-processing, and the architecture and weights of the models used in the ensemble. We define scenarios with varying levels of threat and empirically analyze the proposed defense by varying the degree of information available to the attacker, spanning from a full white-box attack to the gray-box threat model described in the original work. To evaluate the robustness of the defense against an adaptive attacker, we consider the targeted-attack success rate of the Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) attack, which is a strong gradient-based adversarial attack proposed in adversarial machine learning research. We also experiment with training the SHIELD ensemble from scratch, which is different from re-training using a pre-trained model as done in the original work. We find that the targeted PGD attack has a success rate of 64.3% against the original SHIELD ensemble in the full white box scenario, but this drops to 48.9% if the models used in the ensemble are trained from scratch instead of being retrained. Our experiments further reveal that an ensemble whose models are re-trained indeed have higher correlation in the cosine similarity space, and models that are trained from scratch are less vulnerable to targeted attacks in the white-box and gray-box scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data for Macrocycle Interaction with Cations, Anions, and Neutral Molecules (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An algorithm for determining talker location using a linear microphone array and optimal hyperbolic fit (1990)

One of the problems for all speech input is the necessity for the talker to be encumbered by a head-mounted, hand-held, or fixed position microphone. An intelligent, electronically-aimed unidirectional microphone would overcome this problem. Array techniques hold the best promise to bring such a system to practicality. The development of a robust algorithm to determine the location of a talker is a fundamental issue for a microphone-array system. Here, a two-step talker-location algorithm is introduced. Step 1 is a rather conventional filtered cross-correlation method; the cross-correlation between some pair of microphones is determined to high accuracy using a some-what novel, fast interpolation on the sampled data. Then, using the fact that the delays for a point source should fit a hyperbola, a best hyperbolic fit is obtained using nonlinear optimization. A method which fits the hyperbola directly to peak-picked delays is shown to be far less robust than an algorithm which fits the hyperbola in the cross-correlation space. An efficient, global nonlinear optimization technique, Stochastic region Contraction (SRC) is shown to yield highly accurate (>90%), and computationally efficient, results for a normal ambient.
<title>High power diode laser array for an imaging laser radar sensor</title> (1992)

The use of surface-emitting distributed-feedback diode laser arrays in conjunction with microoptics lens arrays to assemble a 10 W power-class laser source exhibiting submilliradian beam divergence is demonstrated. Such a diode laser promises to serve as a low cost, compact, efficient illumination source for imaging laser radar applications. Attention is given to the configuration of the collimating array and the comparative performance of the diode laser array and Fabry-Perot lasers.