gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Analysis of a 130kW Interior-PM Machine for Electric Vehicles based on Field-Circuit Coupling Method (2019)

In order to accurately calculate the machine temperature distribution, maximize the machine performance and prevent the machine from overheating risk, a system-level multi-physical field prediction platform based on field-circuit coupling method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the coupling effects among machine driver system, electromagnetic field, temperature field and fluid field are studied, and the coupling mechanism between multiple physical fields are revealed. Then, a system-level electromagnetic-temperature calculation model is established. Through several iterations, an accurate temperature distribution can be obtained. Motor temperature is monitored by drive system and armature current is adjusted in real time, which prevents the machine from overheating. Finally, the correctness of the model is verified by experiment.
Improved Heterogeneous Distance Functions (1997)

Instance-based learning techniques typically handle continuous and linear input values well, but often do not handle nominal input attributes appropriately. The Value Difference Metric (VDM) was designed to find reasonable distance values between nominal attribute values, but it largely ignores continuous attributes, requiring discretization to map continuous values into nominal values. This paper proposes three new heterogeneous distance functions, called the Heterogeneous Value Difference Metric (HVDM), the Interpolated Value Difference Metric (IVDM), and the Windowed Value Difference Metric (WVDM). These new distance functions are designed to handle applications with nominal attributes, continuous attributes, or both. In experiments on 48 applications the new distance metrics achieve higher classification accuracy on average than three previous distance functions on those datasets that have both nominal and continuous attributes.
G protein-coupled potassium channels implicated in mouse and cellular models of GNB1 Encephalopathy (2019)

SUMMARY De novo mutations in GNB1 , encoding the Gβ1 subunit of G proteins, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with global developmental delay and epilepsy. Mice carrying a pathogenic mutation, K78R, recapitulate aspects of the disorder, including developmental delay and frequent spike-wave discharges (SWD). Cultured mutant cortical neurons display aberrant bursting activity on multi-electrode arrays. Strikingly, the antiepileptic drug ethosuximide (ETX) restores normal neuronal network behavior in vitro and suppresses SWD in vivo . In contrast, while valproic acid suppresses SWD, it does not restore normal network behavior, suggesting that ETX has mechanistic specificity for the effects of aberrant Gβ1 signaling. Consistent with this, we show that K78R is a gain-of-function of G protein-coupled potassium channel (GIRK) activation that is potently inhibited by ETX. This work suggests that altered Gβ1 signaling causes disease in part through effects on GIRK channels, illustrates the utility of cultured neuronal networks in pharmacological screening, and establishes effective pre-clinical models for GNB1 Encephalopathy.
Alloantibodies against low‐frequency human platelet antigens do not account for a significant proportion of cases of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: evidence from 1054 cases (2009)

It was concluded that the minor alleles of HPA-4 and -6bw to -17bw are exceptionally rare in the Caucasian population and therefore do not explain the large number of FMAIT referrals which test negative for the common HPA antibodies.
Virtual product experience: The effects of interactivity, task, and product type on presence perceptions (2006)

This article presents a model of the effects of product types (hedonic versus utilitarian) and object interactivity on presence perceptions (i.e., perceptions of nonmediation in technology-mediated environments, Lombard & Ditton, 1997), as well as on subsequent beliefs about a product and web site.A laboratory experiment has been designed to test the hypothesized effects.The expected findings will have important implications for research and practice, as they will further the understanding of factors influencing presence perceptions and online buying behavior, and provide prescriptive insights for the design of business-to-consumer e-commerce systems.
Complexation of Eu(III) with alkyl-substituted malonamides in acetonitrile (2001)

The complexation of Eu(III) with a series of alkyl-substituted malonamide ligands was studied in organic solvents using calorimetry, FT-IR and luminescence spectroscopy. The formation constants were determined in acetonitrile containing small amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide. The effects of substitution on the nitrogen atoms as well as on the central carbon atom were evaluated. For the substitution on the nitrogen atoms, the formation constants decrease in the order: N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylmalonamide (TMMA) > N,N′-dibutyl-N,N′-dimethylmalonamide (DMDBMA) > N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) > N,N,N′,N′-tetraisopropylmalonamide (TiPMA). For substitution on the central carbon atom, the formation constants decrease in the order: N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexyl-2-methylmalonamide (MeTHMA) > N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) > N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexyl-2,2-dimethylmalonamide (DMeTHMA). These orders are discussed in terms of the steric effect and the ligand basicity.
Vertex-based boundary representation of nonmanifold geometric models (1989)

A geometric modeling system that extends modeling to include non-2-manifold objects is useful for several reasons. Various levels of representation, i.e., wireframe models, surface models, and solid models, are handled uniformly in a non-2-manifold modeling environment. This uniformity enhances current CAD systems by allowing a proper choice in level of representation, and provides a smooth transition between various levels of representation. Solutions to some geometry-related problems can be obtained more easily by mixing non-2-manifold entities with 2-manifold entities in the problem's model.
This thesis presents the Tri-cyclic data structure that is a vertex-based non-2-manifold boundary representation scheme. A set of new topological elements is introduced for the neighborhood classification around a vertex. The data structure explicitly represents the adjacency information around non-2-manifold vertices and edges.
A set of point set operators for the manipulation of models is also presented in this thesis. The point set operators operate on vertex, edge, face and region which are defined as point set elements. Point set elements of a model collectively and exhaustively cover entire R3.
As the basis for point set operations, a bottom-up intersection algorithm for linear and planar facet non-2-manifold models has been developed. The algorithm operates by intersecting entities in an ordered manner from vertex to edge then face elements in contrast to intersecting pairs of faces in 2-manifold boundaries. Singular intersections are systematically handled by determining if an entity is within a tolerance region. 2-manifold models and non-2-manifold models are handled by the algorithm in a uniform manner.
A system based on the representation scheme, including the point set operators and the intersection algorithm, has been implemented. This implementation is restricted to linear elements and planar facets. The limitations are discussed in the implementation sections.
Degradation of Phenanthrene and Anthracene by Cell Suspensions ofMycobacteriumsp. Strain PYR-1 (2001)

Cultures of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 were dosed with anthracene or phenanthrene and after 14 days of incubation had degraded 92 and 90% of the added anthracene and phenanthrene, respectively. The metabolites were extracted and identified by UV-visible light absorption, high-pressure liquid chromatography retention times, mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and comparison to authentic compounds and literature data. Neutral-pH ethyl acetate extracts from anthracene-incubated cells showed four metabolites, identified as cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroanthracene, 6,7-benzocoumarin, 1-methoxy-2-hydroxyanthracene, and 9,10-anthraquinone. A novel anthracene ring fission product was isolated from acidified culture media and was identified as 3-(2-carboxyvinyl)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. 6,7-Benzocoumarin was also found in that extract. When Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 was grown in the presence of phenanthrene, three neutral metabolites were identified as cis- and trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene. Phenanthrene ring fission products, isolated from acid extracts, were identified as 2,2'-diphenic acid, 1-hydroxynaphthoic acid, and phthalic acid. The data point to the existence, next to already known routes for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, of alternative pathways that might be due to the presence of different dioxygenases or to a relaxed specificity of the same dioxygenase for initial attack on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Bipolar salvage shoulder arthroplasty. Follow-up in 14 patients. (1996)

A bipolar spacer was inserted for severe arthritic destruction of the shoulder in 14 patients, and followed up for a mean of 5.9 years. In one patient the operation failed because of infection. Two others required revision for loss of low-friction properties which caused loosening of the humeral component. At the end of the follow-up all the patients showed improvement. The Hospital for Special Surgery pain score had increased from 5.3 to 18.9 and the movement score from 7.5 to 20.1.
Industrialized, Artificial Intelligence-guided Laser Microdissection for Microscaled Proteomic Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment (2022)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex ecosystem comprised of dozens of distinct cell types, including tumor, stroma, and immune cell populations. To characterize proteome-level variation and tumor heterogeneity at scale, high-throughput methods are needed to selectively isolate discrete cellular populations in solid tumor malignancies. This protocol describes a high-throughput workflow, enabled by artificial intelligence (AI), that segments images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained, thin tissue sections into pathology-confirmed regions of interest for selective harvest of histology-resolved cell populations using laser microdissection (LMD). This strategy includes a novel algorithm enabling the transfer of regions denoting cell populations of interest, annotated using digital image software, directly to laser microscopes, thus enabling more facile collections. Successful implementation of this workflow was performed, demonstrating the utility of this harmonized method to selectively harvest tumor cell populations from the TME for quantitative, multiplexed proteomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This strategy fully integrates with routine histopathology review, leveraging digital image analysis to support enrichment of cellular populations of interest and is fully generalizable, enabling harmonized harvests of cell populations from the TME for multiomic analyses.
Data from Men with Low Serum Cholesterol Have a Lower Risk of High-Grade Prostate Cancer in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Background: Several prospective studies suggest that use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs is inversely associated with advanced stage and possibly high-grade prostate cancer. One study reported that men with low cholesterol had a lower risk of high-grade prostate cancer. Given these findings, we investigated the association between low serum cholesterol and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 5,586 men ages ≥55 years who were randomized to the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial between 1993 and 1996. Serum cholesterol was measured enzymatically at entry. By the end of follow-up, 1,251 prostate cancer cases were confirmed. We used logistic regression to calculate the multivariable odds ratio (OR) of total, and Gleason 2 to 6 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 993), 7 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 199), and 8 to 10 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 59) prostate cancer comparing low serum (normal, &lt;200 mg/dL) to high-serum (borderline and elevated cholesterol, ≥200 mg/dL) cholesterol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results: Men with low cholesterol had a lower risk of Gleason 8 to 10 prostate cancer [OR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.77] than men with high cholesterol. No association was present for prostate cancer overall (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.85-1.11), Gleason 2 to 6 disease (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.18), or Gleason 7 disease (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.69-1.24).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion: These prospective results support that men with low cholesterol have a reduced risk of high-grade prostate cancer. These and other contemporary data that suggest that cholesterol metabolism should be investigated further in the etiology of prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2807–13)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lessons learnt from SMOS after 7 years in orbit (2017)

ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has been in orbit for over 7 years, with its Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) functioning well. This 7 year period has provided a wealth of information which has enabled us to understand and consolidate the performance of the payload in great detail. More importantly, we know now the things that work well, those that need improvement, and how the instrument could be enhanced if we were to build it again. This paper presents the lessons learnt from SMOS after 7 years in orbit.
A Comparison of Daily Actual Evapotranspiration Evaluation Models Based on Field Observational Data (2010)

With the newly-designed high resolution lysimeter installed in Nanchang County of Jiangxi Province,the observed overland actual evapotranpiration(ETa) from September 1,2007 to August 31,2008 is used to validate three daily ETa model,i.e.CRAE(Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration),GG(Granger-Gray) and AA(Advection-Aridity) models on different time scales,and the model error is also discussed.The results show that the observed annual average ETa is 746.1 mm,while the error of calculated ETa by models with the original parameters is quite large.Calculated ETa of the three models is smaller than the observed value in dry condition and larger than the observation in moisture condition.The models with calibrated parameters show better predictability than the original ones,yet the improvement in daily calculation is limited.Calculation on a 7-day time scale is remarkably better than daily values: there is a systematic error for AA model,and RMSE of CRAE model is fairly large,yet GG model is relatively the best.According to the comparison with the observations of the lysimeter,locally calibrated models would show reliable results on 7-day or longer time scale.The above-mentioned research is of great importance in full understanding of ETa process,of predictability of models on different time scales and of the water cycle character under climate change condition.
Simulation and control of windfarms (1993)

This thesis examines the design of supervisory controllers for windfarms of pitch-controlled wind turbines. The control objectives are the maximisation of the financial income from the generated electricity and the minimisation of the turbines' fatigue damage. The design exploits the wide variations in the ratio of financial income to fatigue damage which are found both spatially across windfarms and as a function of time. The supervisory control strategy makes use of the ability of pitch-controlled turbines to operate with variable power set points; a capability which is rarely exploited in practice.A windfarm simulation which has been developed for the purposes of testing supervisory controllers is described. It is shown that the simulation is a suitable test-bed for this application. Results are presented which demonstrate how the fatigue damage of a turbine's gearbox and structural components vary as functions of the mean wind-speed, turbulence intensity and power set point, both for isolated turbines and for turbines experiencing wake effects.A lifetime performance function is proposed and 'ideal' power set point curves are evaluated using a genetic search algorithm. It is shown that significant improvements in performance can be achieved if the operation of the turbines is altered to take account of variable electricity tariffs.A windfarm control strategy that splits the turbines into interacting and non-interacting categories is found to give good results. Using data generated by the simulation, it is shown that simple cost functions can be developed for non-interacting turbines which, when used in a controller, give performance that is close to the 'ideal'. A similar cost function is applied to a group of three interacting turbines, and it is found that substantial reductions in all measures of total annual fatigue damage are achieved for a small reduction in total annual financial income. The on-line implementation of windfarm supervisory controllers is discussed and the behaviour of a simple hill-climbing algorithm is examined using a simulated group of three interacting turbines.
Vehicle location and navigation systems (1997)

Introduction: Brief History. Modern Vehicle Location and Navigation References. Digital Map Database Module: Introduction. Basic Representations. Reference Coordinate Systems. Standards. Proprietary Digital Map Databases. Digital Map Compilation. Positioning Module: Dead Reckoning. Relative Sensors. Absolute Sensors. Sensor Fusion. Map-Matching Module: Conventional Map-Matching. Fuzzy-Logic-Based Map-Matching. Other Map-Matching Algorithms. Map-Aided Sensor Calibration. Route-Planning Module: Shortest Path. Heuristic Search. Bi-Directional Search. Hierarchical Search. Other Algorithms. Route Guidance Module: Guidance While En-Route. Guidance While Off-Route. Guidance With Dynamic Information. Human-Machine Interface Module: Visual-Display-Based Interfaces. Voice-Based Interfaces. Wireless Communications Module: Communication Subsystem Attributes. Existing Communications Technologies. Communications Subsystem Integration. Autonomous Location and Navigation: Vehicle Location. Vehicle Navigation. Centralized Location and Navigation: Automatic Vehicle Location. Dynamic Navigation. Applications -- Mayday. A Case Study -- ADVANCE: Traffic Information Center. Mobile Navigation Assistant. Communications Network. Initial Evaluation Results. Conclusions: Past Lessons. Future Directions. Appendices.
Influence of Addition of Nickel on the Thermal Expansion, Rigidity Modulus and Its Temperature Coefficient of the Alloys of Cobalt, Iron and Chromium, Part I. Alloys with 10 and 20 Percent of Nickel (1953)

The influence of an addition of 10 percent and of 20 percent of nickel on the thermal expansion in the range of 10° to 50°, rigidity modulus at 20° and its temperature coefficient in the range of 20° to 50° of the alloys of cobalt, iron and chromium has been examined. The relations between those properties of nickel-added alloys and the concentrations are qualitatively almost similar to those in the case of the ternary alloys of cobalt, iron and chromium; that is, there are two groups of alloys, one of which has a positive temperature coefficient of rigidity modulus and the other a negative, a zero coefficient boundary existing between them. The addition of nickel affects the coefficient of thermal expansion and the temperature coefficient of rigidity modulus of the ternary alloys, as if cobalt can be substituted by nickel; that is, the compositions, at which the thermal expansion coefficient shows the minimum value and the temperature coefficient of the modulus a positive maximum, shift to the side of low cobalt content with the addition of nickel. Further, if the quantity of nickel is increased, the concentration range having the positive coefficient of the modulus becomes wider, and the slope of the latter to the concentration slower.When the quantity of the added nickel is 10 percent, the minimum value of the thermal expansion coefficient is 2.20×10−6 obtained with the alloy containing 43.5 percent of cobalt, 47 percent of iron and 9.5 percent of chromium, and when 20 percent of nickel is added, it is 1.69×10−6 obtained with the alloy containing 31.3 percent of cobalt, 60.2 percent of iron and 8.5 percent of chromium. In the case of an addition of 10 percent of nickel, the positive largest value of the temperature coefficient of rigidity modulus is +46.7×10−6 obtained with the alloy containing 43.5 percent of cobalt, 47 percent of iron and 9.5 percent of chromium and in the case of 20 percent of nickel +66.0×10−5 obtained with the alloy containing 34.5 percent of cobalt, 58.5 percent of iron and 7 percent of chromium. The maximum and minimum values of rigidity modulus in the case of 10 percent of added nickel are 9.10×105 kg/cm2 in the alloy containing 65 percent of cobalt, 15 percent of iron and 20 percent of chromium and 6.00×105 kg/cm2 in the alloy containing 71 percent of cobalt, 25 percent of iron and 4 percent of chromium, respectively, and in the case of 20 percent of added nickel, 8.36×105 kg/cm2 in the alloy containing 41 percent of cobalt, 40 percent of iron and 19 percent of chromium and 5.09×105 kg/cm2 in the alloy containing 32 percent of cobalt, 61 percent of iron and 7 percent of chromium, respectively.
Efficiency Enhancement in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2012)

We have proposed a new dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) structure that employs three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs) to enhance the light absorption and improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by using coherent scattering phenomena. All the DSSC structures with the 3D PC layer exhibited higher short-circuit current densities and higher PCE (10.8%) than those of traditional DSSCs (9.5%) because light that passed through the photoanode was diffracted, thereby making it possible to reuse it. The PCE is improved without affecting the delicate kinetic balance between the charge separation and recombination that is required to improve light-harvesting efficiency (LHE).
Level Set Based Simultaneous Background Image Modeling and Foreground Segmentation (2007)

We propose a level set based energy functional that deals with the problem of background mod-eling and object segmentation in a coupled way such that the two processes mutually constrain each other, and from which a level set based Euler-Lagrange equation can be derived. Due to the mutual constraining, the temporal change of the scene is reflected in the construction of the reference background image quickly, while a clean background image can be obtained with a relatively small number of frames. Furthermore, due to the direct implementation of the Euler-Lagrange equation, the algorithm works in real-time. PROPOSED MODEL We search for the background image B and the segmented image sequence I(t) as the solution that minimizes the following energy functional: E(B, φ) =