gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermal helium-oxygen mixture on viral load in COVID-19 (2020)

In this paper, we will discuss the use of t-Не/О 2 in the treatment of patients with the viral disease COVID-19. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of thermal helium-oxygen therapy on viral load, inflammatory markers, and antibody synthesis. Methods . A single-center, randomized, prospective study included 60 patients with COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups: 1 ( n = 30; 17 male, 13 female) – t-Не/О 2 therapy was included in the standard COVID-19 treatment Protocol; 2 ( n = 30; 16 male, 14 female) – standard therapy in accordance with the clinical recommendations of Healthcare Ministry of Russia for patients with COVID-19. Of the 60 patients included in the study, 28 (46.7%) were medical professionals. The median age of patients in the study was 56.7 (45 – 61) years old. In the group 1 – 58 (45 – 59.5) years old, in the group 2 – 55 (46 – 66) years old. All patients had a positive test of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA, CT signs of “ground-glass opacity” type lung damage, and areas of air space consolidation. Patients were comparable by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), area of lesion of the pulmonary parenchyma, laboratory data. Results . As a result of the use of t-Не/О 2 , the elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus occurred within 48 – 72 hours from the start of inhalation and was confirmed by PCR test. The following changes were found in all patients: synthesis of IgM and IgG antibodies, increase in lymphocytes level, decrease of C-reactive protein, restoration of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, D-dimer, and ferritin. These signs became more pronounced in the 1 st group within 72 – 168 hours, compared with the 2 nd group, where these results were achieved on the 10 th day of therapy. Conclusion . Тhe inclusion of thermal inhalation a gas mixture of helium and oxygen (t-Не/О 2 ) in the standard therapy of patients carrying infectious disease caused by SARS-CоV-2 with CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia (СT1, CT2 grades) reduces the viral load by stimulating antibody synthesis, as the type of immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M causing the effect of “termovaccination”; increases the effectiveness of treatment, reducing the markers of inflammation.
Nerve growth factor-mediated enzyme induction in primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: specificity and level of regulation (1984)

Primary cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells provide large quantities of a homogeneous population of target cells for nerve growth factor (NGF) and, thus, are a suitable system for studying the molecular mechanism of action of NGF. In this study, we have shown that NGF mediates the specific induction of the key enzymes in catecholamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine, is also induced by NGF. We have compared NGF-mediated TH and AChE induction and have provided pharmacological evidence that TH induction involves a post-transcriptional, polyadenylation-dependent event (blockable by 9-beta-arabinofuranosyladenine but not by alpha-amanitin), whereas AChE induction requires transcription (blockable by alpha-amanitin). DBH and PNMT appear to be regulated via the same mechanism as TH. The time course of TH induction is such that NGF must be continuously present for at least the first 36 hr (during which time TH levels remain unchanged), and then the entire increase takes place during the subsequent 12 hr. In contrast, AChE induction proceeds linearly with time of NGF exposure. These data suggest that there may be multiple mechanisms by which NGF regulates enzyme induction. We have also compared the effects of cAMP with those of NGF. As compared to NGF, cAMP produces a different pattern of enzyme induction (in addition to TH, DBH, PNMT, and AChE, dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is also induced), it acts rapidly (a 12-hr exposure produces the full effect), and it acts only at the transcriptional level (its effects are blocked by alpha-amanitin). These data provide evidence that cAMP does not act as a second messenger for NGF with regard to enzyme induction.
Generalized Linear Models with Varying Dispersion (1989)

SUMMARY Generalized linear models are further generalized to include a linear predictor for the dispersion as well as for the mean. It is shown how the convenient structure of generalized linear models can be carried over to this more general setting by considering the mean and dispersion structure separately. Mean and dispersion submodels are formulated for this, the dependent variable for the dispersion submodel being the deviance components of the mean submodel. The fact that both submodels are essentially generalized linear models themselves is used to derive simple expressions for the likelihood equations and for asymptotic tests. Estimation algorithms are proposed which have good convergence properties. The results apply mainly to the normal, inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions but can be extended to discrete distributions by using quasi-likelihoods. The methods developed are applied to a well-known data set.
Data from Mitochondrial Morphological and Functional Reprogramming Following CD137 (4-1BB) Costimulation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;T and NK lymphocytes express CD137 (4-1BB), a costimulatory receptor of the TNFR family whose function is exploitable for cancer immunotherapy. Mitochondria regulate the function and survival of T lymphocytes. Herein, we show that CD137 costimulation provided by agonist mAb and CD137L (4-1BBL) induced mitochondria enlargement that resulted in enhanced mitochondrial mass and transmembrane potential in human and mouse CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Such mitochondrial changes increased T-cell respiratory capacities and were critically dependent on mitochondrial fusion protein OPA-1 expression. Mass and function of mitochondria in tumor-reactive CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells from cancer-bearing mice were invigorated by agonist mAb to CD137, whereas mitochondrial baseline mass and function were depressed in CD137-deficient tumor reactive T cells. Tumor rejection induced by the synergistic combination of adoptive T-cell therapy and agonistic anti-CD137 was critically dependent on OPA-1 expression in transferred CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Moreover, stimulation of CD137 with CD137 mAb in short-term cultures of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes led to mitochondria enlargement and increased transmembrane potential. Collectively, these data point to a critical link between mitochondrial morphology and function and enhanced antitumor effector activity upon CD137 costimulation of T cells. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 798–811. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The effects of potassium and temperature on the pace‐maker current, iK2, in Purkinje fibres. (1976)

1. The reversal potential for the pace-maker K current, iK2, was measured in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres at extracellular K concentrations, [K]O, between 2-7 and 8 mM. The reversal potentials were found to be significantly more negative than the values predicted using the Nernst equation for any reasonable value of intracellular K+ concentration or activity. 2. It is suggested that this discrepancy may be explained by postulating that the extracellular K+ concentration [K]e in the cleft spaces between cells is smaller than [K]o as a result of ion pumping and restricted diffusion from the bulk extracellular medium. 3. In conformity with this hypothesis, it was shown that the value of [K]e may be further reduced by hyperpolarizing pulses, presumably as a consequence of K+ depletion during the passage of inward current. 4. The influence of temperature on the kinetics of the gating mechanism, s, controlling iK2 was investigated. The Q10 for the time constant, pis, of current change following voltage clamp steps was found to be about 17. This corresponds to an apparent activation enthalpy of 50 kcal/mole. 5. The Q10 of the maximum amplitude iotaK2, was found to 1-3. 6. The activation curve, s infinity (Em), spread slightly to more negative potentials by cooling from 37 to 30 degrees C and the curve became less steep. 7. There is a large decrease in the inward background current on cooling, as estimated by measuring the net membrane current when iK is presumed to be zero, i.e. at the reversal potential for iK2.
Emergence of Refractive Surgery (2000)

A major story of the last 2 decades of the 20th century has been the emergence of refractive surgery. Initially extremely controversial, with modest predictability and debatable safety and long-term stability, 1 surgical modification of corneal curvature has come to be well accepted by the profession and the public. The number of these procedures that will be performed in 2000 may exceed 1.5 million. These procedures will continue to be refined over time, and new procedures designed to treat extreme refractive errors (eg, phakic intraocular lenses) or other problems not currently treatable (eg, presbyopia) will fuel growth in this area. Ultimately, the genetic and environmental influences that result in excessive axial elongation and myopia will be identified, and the progression of myopia in school-aged children will be arrested. The benefit to society of eliminating myopia and other refractive errors in the next century will be enormous, allowing the reallocation of enormous resources away from corrective lenses and toward research into treatments for blinding diseases.
Katalytische Gasreaktionen im Explosionsbereich am Beispiel der Äthylen‐Oxidation (1973)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung katalytischer Gasreakt onen im Explosionsbereich wurde ein Laborreaktor konstruiert, in dem explosible Gasgemische gefahrlos hergestellt und umgesetzt werden können. Als Modellreaktion diente die Oxidation von Äthylen mit O 2 /N 2 ‐Gemischen bei Atmosphärendruck und 80 bis 200 °C an einem Pd‐Trägerkontakt, bei der in geringfügiger Nebenreaktion Essigsäure gebildet wird. Die Essigsäure‐Selektivität erwies sich weitgehend unabhängig von der über den ganzen Explosionsbereich variierten Zusammensetzung des Frischgases. Dies ist auf eine stationäre Sorptionsschicht zurückzuführen, die durch Zersetzung und Polymerisation des Äthylens auf der Katalysatoroberfläche entsteht. Bei intermittierender Arbeitsweise kann die jeweilige Neubildung dieser Polymerisatschicht am zeitlichen Verlauf der Totaloxidation (zu CO 2 ) und der Teiloxidation (zu Essigsäure) verfolgt werden. Die Essigsäure‐Bildung verläuft über eine Reaktion von Äthylen mit chemisorbiertem Sauerstoff, d. h. sie geht zurück bei Verdrängung des Sauerstoffs von der Katalysatoroberfläche. Hieraus ergeben sich Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Essigsäure‐Selektivität durch Änderung der Katalysatoreigenschaften sowie durch Wahl einer günstigen instationären Betriebsweise.
60 GHz PRGW slot antenna array with small separation and low mutual coupling (2015)

A simple and low-cost solution to reduce the coupling between two slot antennas working at 60 GHz is presented. The slot antennas formed in the top plate of printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) structure to avoid the losses associated with conventional feeding mechanisms. The coupling reduction of more than 10 dB is achieved by removing a part of the top metallic plate of the PRGW between the two slots. Coupling reduction is achieved while maintaining a small distance of half free-space wavelength between the two slots. Also, the coupling reduction covers nearly all the 12% impedance bandwidth of the slot antennas.
A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS- FLOW LAYER-BY-LAYER ENCAPSULATION OF DROPLETS WITH POLYELECTROLYTES (2008)

We describe a microfluidic device for automated generation of polyelectrolyte multi-layered (PEM) capsules through continuous-flow layer-by-layer (LbL) encapsulation of droplets.
Towards an Objective Assessment of Centrality Measures in Reputation Systems (2007)

Reputation systems facilitate cooperation in open environments. Centrality-based reputation systems use centrality measures to rank individuals, i.e., compute their reputation based on feedback. However, despite the large number of such measures that have been proposed recently, an objective comparison of their effectiveness in reputation systems is missing. This paper features such a comparison. Based on a reference ranking and a behavior model, we generate the underlying feedback data explicitly. While the behavior model may be arbitrarily complex, simple ones already provide interesting insights. We have observed that existing distance measures for rankings have certain limitations in our context, and we propose a new, more appropriate one. Further, most centrality measures cannot be directly applied on the feedback data. While one can transform the data to another representation, the impact on the quality of the ranking is unclear. One of our findings is that the transformation techniques and their parameter values are indeed important, more than we had anticipated.
Multichannel customer contact management (2004)

Looks at how an effective contact center design can reduce the overall service time and the number of end points with which a customer communicates.
Can pain and function be distinguished in the Oxford Hip Score in a meaningful way? (2014)

Factor analyses demonstrated that, in addition to current usage as a single summary scale, separate information on pain and self-reported function can be extracted from the OHS in a meaningful way in the form of subscales. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:305-9.
Nano-metal oxides: Exposure and engineering control assessment (2017)

In January 2007, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a field study to evaluate process specific emissions during the production of ENMs. This study was performed using the nanoparticle emission assessment technique (NEAT). During this study, it was determined that ENMs were released during production and cleaning of the process reactor. Airborne concentrations of silver, nickel, and iron were found both in the employee's personal breathing zone and area samples during reactor cleaning. At the completion of this initial survey, it was suggested that a flanged attachment be added to the local exhaust ventilation system. NIOSH re-evaluated the facility in December 2011 to assess worker exposures following an increase in production rates. This study included a fully comprehensive emissions, exposure, and engineering control evaluation of the entire process. This study made use of the nanoparticle exposure assessment technique (NEAT 2.0). Data obtained from filter-based samples and direct reading instruments indicate that reactor cleanout increased the overall particle concentration in the immediate area. However, it does not appear that these concentrations affect areas outside of the production floor. As the distance between the reactor and the sample location increased, the observed particle number concentration decreased, creating a concentration gradient with respect to the reactor. The results of this study confirm that the flanged attachment on the local exhaust ventilation system served to decrease exposure potential. Given the available toxicological data of the metals evaluated, caution is warranted. One should always keep in mind that occupational exposure levels were not developed specifically for nanoscale particles. With data suggesting that certain nanoparticles may be more toxic than the larger counterparts of the same material; employers should attempt to control emissions of these particles at the source, to limit the potential for exposure.
Donor cell–derived osteopoiesis originates from a self-renewing stem cell with a limited regenerative contribution after transplantation (2008)

In principle, bone marrow transplantation should offer effective treatment for disorders originating from defects in mesenchymal stem cells. Results with the bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta support this hypothesis, although the rate of clinical improvement seen early after transplantation does not persist long term, raising questions as to the regenerative capacity of the donor-derived mesenchymal progenitors. We therefore studied the kinetics and histologic/anatomic pattern of osteopoietic engraftment after transplantation of GFP-expressing nonadherent marrow cells in mice. Serial tracking of donor-derived GFP(+) cells over 52 weeks showed abundant clusters of donor-derived osteoblasts/osteocytes in the epiphysis and metaphysis but not the diaphysis, a distribution that paralleled the sites of initial hematopoietic engraftment. Osteopoietic chimerism decreased from approximately 30% to 10% by 24 weeks after transplantation, declining to negligible levels thereafter. Secondary transplantation studies provided evidence for a self-renewing osteopoietic stem cell in the marrow graft. We conclude that a transplantable, primitive, self-renewing osteopoietic cell within the nonadherent marrow cell population engrafts in an endosteal niche, like hematopoietic stem cells, and regenerates a significant fraction of all bone cells. The lack of durable donor-derived osteopoiesis may reflect an intrinsic genetic program or exogenous environmental signaling that suppresses the differentiation capacity of the donor stem cells.
AMPLIFICATION OF PICOSECONDS PULSES OF TWO MICRONS SPECTRAL RANGE (2016)

что соответствует коэффициенту усиления 28 дБ.Форма усиленного спектра остается неизменной до значения коэффициента усиления 22,3 дБ, далее наблюдалась деформация усиленного спектра.Средняя мощность
LiBC – Synthesis, Electrochemical and Solid-state NMR Investigations (2012)

LiBC was synthesized from the elements in a sealed niobium ampoule. It represents a totally intercalated heterographite with a structural relationship to graphite, the most commonly used anode material for lithium ion batteries. Since LiBC could accommodate three times as much lithium as graphite, its electrochemical properties in the anode and the cathode voltage range were investigated. However, LiBC did show poor performance both as an anode and as a cathode material. The unfavorable characteristics of LiBC with respect to electrochemical de-lithiation and re-insertion can be rationalized on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance results. 7 Li and 6 Li isotropic chemical shifts are consistent with complete ionization of the lithium species. Variable-temperature static 7 Li NMR lineshapes indicate that the mobility of the lithium ions is rather restricted, even at temperatures up to 500 K. The 11 B and 13 C NMR parameters are consistent with those measured in sp 2 -hybridized boron/carbon networks and also support the ionic bonding model.
X-Ray Kinematography of Temperature-Jump Relaxation Probes the Elastic Properties of Fluid Bilayers (2000)

The response kinetics of liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayer stacks to rapid, IR-laser induced temperature jumps has been studied by millisecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The system reacts on the fast temperature change by a discrete bilayer compression normal to its surface and a lateral bilayer expansion. Since water cannot diffuse from the excess phase into the interbilayer water region within the 2 ms duration of the laser pulse, the water layer has to follow the bilayer expansion, by an anomalous thinning. Structural analysis of a 20 ms diffraction pattern from the intermediate phase indicates that the bilayer thickness remains within the limits of isothermal equilibrium values. Both, the intermediate structure and its relaxation into the original equilibrium L_(alpha)-phase, depend on the visco-elastic properties of the bilayer/water system. We present an analysis of the relaxation process by an overdamped one-dimensional oscillation model revealing the concepts of Hooke's law for phospholipid bilayers on a supramolecular basis. The results yield a constant bilayer repulsion and viscosity within Hooke's regime suggesting that the hydrocarbon chains act as a buffer for the supplied thermal energy. The bilayer compression is a function of the initial temperature and the temperature amplitude, but is independent of the chain length.
Using augmented reality for visualizing complex graphs in three dimensions (2003)

In this paper we explore the effect of using augmented reality (AR) for three-dimensional graph link analysis. Two experiments were conducted. The first was designed to compare a tangible AR interface to a desktop-based interface. Different modes of viewing network graphs were presented using a variety of interfaces. The results of the first experiment show that a tangible AR interface is well suited to link analysis. The second experiment was designed to test the effect of stereographic viewing on graph comprehension. The results show that stereographic viewing has little effect on comprehension and performance. These experiments add support to the work of Ware and Frank, whose studies showed that depth and motion cues provide huge gains in spatial comprehension and accuracy in link analysis.
Linear Coding for Gaussian Two-Way Channels (2022)

We consider linear coding for Gaussian two-way channels (GTWCs), in which each user generates the transmit symbols by linearly encoding both its message and the past received symbols (i.e., the feedback information) from the other user. In Gaussian one-way channels (GOWCs), Butman has proposed a well-developed model for linear encoding that encapsulates feedback information into transmit signals. However, such a model for GTWCs has not been well studied since the coupling of the encoding processes at the users in GTWCs renders the encoding design non-trivial and challenging. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap in the literature by extending the existing signal models in GOWCs to GTWCs. With our developed signal model for GTWCs, we formulate an optimization problem to jointly design the encoding/decoding schemes for both the users, aiming to minimize the weighted sum of their transmit powers under signal-to-noise ratio constraints. First, we derive an optimal form of the linear decoding schemes under any arbitrary encoding schemes employed at the users. Further, we provide new insights on the encoding design for GTWCs. In particular, we show that it is optimal that one of the users (i) does not transmit the feedback information to the other user at the last channel use, and (ii) transmits its message only over the last channel use. With these solution behaviors, we further simplify the problem and solve it via an iterative two-way optimization scheme. We numerically demonstrate that our proposed scheme for GTWCs achieves a better performance in terms of the transmit power compared to the existing counterparts, such as the non-feedback scheme and one-way optimization scheme.