gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of USSR Proton Accelerators for Medical Purposes (1973)

Proton beams of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (LNP, JINR) Dubna synchrocyclotron and of the proton synchrotron of the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) Moscow have been used for medical and biological purposes since 1967. 58 patients in JINR and 163 in ITEP with various types of malignant tumors have been treated. Results of clinical research showed that use of high energy protons for treatment of malignant tumors is quite expedient and may serve as a good approach developing better means for irradiation in oncological therapy. Proposals for proton and meson beams at the JINR high intensity phasotron and for proton beams at the ITEP medical and biological center are discussed. The ITEP center will consist of 4 cabins for therapy and 2 cabins for radiobiological research, which will permit to treat ~ 100 patients per day.
The Topsoe Perspective: From Electrode Nanostructures to MW Scaled SOEC Systems (2023)

This paper provides an overview of Topsoe’s expertise, results, and initiatives in the field of solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology. Topsoe’s expertise span from studies of materials’ properties, electrode nanostructures via electron microscopy, electrochemical performance of cells and stacks via impedance spectroscopy, to the design of stacks and MW-sized systems, and towards commercialization of our Topsoe SOEC electrolyzer plants. A short up-date on the newly initiated activities on production facilities for up-scaling of SOEC cells and stack production is included. The paper will review key challenges for state-of-the-art SOEC cells and stacks with a focus on electrochemical performance and durability, and microstructural integrity required for a commercially viable SOEC technology. Topsoe has the expertise in a variety of relevant downstream process; however, the work presented here will focus on the steam electrolysis application of SOEC for generating green hydrogen e.g., for ammonia production.
Synthetic Platelets: Intravenous Infusible Nanoparticles to Promote Hemostasis and Survival Following Liver Injury in Swine (2014)

Abstract : Explosions account for 79% of combat related injuries and involve multiple organs and internal bleeding, Pressure dressings and absorbent materials (e.g. Quik-clot ) are effective but are limited to compressible and exposed wounds. There is a need for treatment for internal bleeding. Synthetic platelets were developed based on functionalized nanoparticles that halve bleeding in a rat major femoral artery injury following intravenous administration. The synthetic platelets are safe and stable at room temperature. They halt bleeding significantly faster than other treatments including recombinant factor VIla. This proposal tested these synthetic platelets in a large animal model of trauma that mimics human trauma A swine liver injury model was used to determine the safety, efficacy and dosing of the synthetic platelets. This model was developed to mimic non-compressible injuries sustained by military personnel and permits direct comparison to other hemostatic interventional studies. It was found that by carefully engineering the particles, one could stop bleeding without triggering complications.
Search for the standard model Higgs boson inℓν+jetsfinal states in9.7  fb−1ofpp¯collisions with the D0 detector (2013)

We present, in detail, a search for the standard model Higgs boson, $H$, in final states with a charged lepton (electron or muon), missing energy, and two or more jets in data corresponding to $9.7\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity collected at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\overline{p}$ Collider. The search uses $b$-jet identification to categorize events for improved signal versus background separation and is sensitive to associated production of the $H$ with a $W$ boson, $WH\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\nu}b\overline{b}$; gluon fusion with the Higgs decaying to $W$-boson pairs, $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}WW\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\nu}jj$; and associated production with a vector boson where the Higgs decays to $W$-boson pairs, $VH\ensuremath{\rightarrow}VWW\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\nu}jjjj$ production (where $V=W$ or $Z$). We observe good agreement between data and expected background. We test our method by measuring $WZ$ and $ZZ$ production with $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}$ and find production rates consistent with the standard model prediction. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, we set a 95% C.L. upper limit on the production of a standard model Higgs boson of $5.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{SM}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{SM}}$ is the standard model Higgs boson production cross section, while the expected limit is $4.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{SM}}$. We also interpret the data considering models with fourth generation fermions, or a fermiophobic Higgs boson.
Retroviral Replicating Vector Delivery of miR-PDL1 Inhibits Immune Checkpoint PDL1 and Enhances Immune Responses In Vitro (2016)

Tumor cells express a number of immunosuppressive molecules that can suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Efficient delivery of small interfering RNAs to treat a wide range of diseases including cancers remains a challenge. Retroviral replicating vectors (RRV) can be used to stably and selectively introduce genetic material into cancer cells. Here, we designed RRV to express shRNA (RRV-shPDL1) or microRNA30-derived shRNA (RRV-miRPDL1) using Pol II or Pol III promoters to downregulate PDL1 in human cancer cells. We also designed RRV expressing cytosine deaminase (yCD2) and miRPDL1 for potential combinatorial therapy. Among various configurations tested, we showed that RRV-miRPDL1 vectors with Pol II or Pol III promoter replicated efficiently and exhibited sustained downregulation of PDL1 protein expression by more than 75% in human cancer cell lines with high expression of PDL1. Immunologic effects of RRV-miRPDL1 were assessed by a trans-suppression lymphocyte assay. In vitro data showed downregulation of PDL1<sup>+</sup> tumor cells restored activation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and bio-equivalency compared to anti-PDL1 antibody treatment. These results suggest RRV-miRPDL1 may be an alternative therapeutic approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity by overcoming PDL1-induced immune suppression from within cancer cells and this approach may also be applicable to other cancer targets.
Search for an axion-induced oscillating electric dipole moment for electrons using atomic magnetometers (2019)

We propose an experimental search for an axion-induced oscillating electric dipole moment (OEDM) for electrons using state-of-the-art alkali vapor-cell atomic magnetometers. The axion is a hypothesized new fundamental particle which can resolve the strong charge-parity problem and be a prominent dark matter candidate. This experiment utilizes an atomic magnetometer as both a source of optically polarized electron spins and a magnetic-field sensor. The interaction of the axion field, oscillating at a frequency equal to the axion mass, with an electron spin induces a sizable OEDM of the electron at the same frequency as the axion field. When the alkali vapor is subjected to an electric field and a magnetic field, the electron OEDM interacts with the electric field, resulting in an electron spin precession at the spin’s Larmor frequency in the magnetic field. The resulting precession signal can be sensitively detected with a probe laser beam of the atomic magnetometer. We estimate that the experiment is sensitive to the axion-photon interaction in ultralight axion masses from 10<sup>-15</sup> to 10<sup>-10</sup> eV. It is able to improve the current experimental limit up to 5 orders of magnitude, exploring new axion parameter spaces.
Full-waveform inversion: The next leap forward in subsalt imaging (2017)

Abstract Subsalt imaging has been a long-term challenge for the oil and gas industry. The substantial progress made in data acquisition and imaging since the late 1990s has made some subsalt imaging problems tractable, but building earth models that enable imaging under complex salt remains a challenge. Labor-intensive workflows remain industry standard practice. Not only are these costly and time consuming, they have also performed poorly in many areas of economic interest. Various automatic model-building tools have been proposed to overcome these disadvantages. One such tool, full-waveform inversion (FWI), has already revolutionized velocity-model building in areas with shallow gas. Prior to 2006, imaging in these areas had been considered challenging and labor intensive, just as imaging under complex salt remains today. Modeling indicates that low frequencies and wide offsets may be the key to success when building velocity models using FWI. Just how low and how wide that may be required for FWI success depends on the particular problem. At the Atlantis Field in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico we recently acquired wide-offset ocean-bottom-node data with conventional airguns. By taking care during the acquisition, we recorded usable signal down to a lower frequency than previously achieved. We then applied FWI to the resulting data set and used the resulting velocity model, unmodified, to reverse time migrate the seismic data. It produced some of the best subsalt images of the Atlantis reservoir structure ever seen. Furthermore, the FWI velocity model revealed several major interpretation errors in the legacy salt model; thus the FWI result also offered an excellent basis for updating the salt model with the conventional workflow. These results demonstrate that with appropriate seismic data to support it, and with due care taken during processing and inversion, FWI truly offers a paradigm shift in model building and imaging in areas of complex salt.
Architectural Enhancements of a Packetized Display Protocol for High-Speed IRSP Operation (2020)

PDP has been shown to be an effective alternative approach to traditional display protocols incorporating dynamic refresh-rate, high-speed capabilities, and sub-windowing capabilities. This paper presents continued enhancements made to the architecture and state-of-the-art results using a newly developed compositor for high-speed operation of IRSP systems.
Mask then classify: multi-instance segmentation for surgical instruments (2021)

We have presented a novel instance segmentation method for surgical instruments which outperforms previous semantic segmentation-based methods. Our method further provides a more informative output of instance level information, while retaining a precise segmentation mask. Finally, we have shown that robotic instrument priors can be used to further increase the performance.
Intercalation compounds (2000)

Abstract This chapter discusses the diffusional dynamics in intercalation compounds of graphite with alkali metals. These form two classes: stage 1 compounds like C6Li, and stage 2 compounds like C24Rb. HNO3 has also been intercalated in graphite and studied by QENS. All these systems exhibit interesting transitions between commensurate and incommensurate structures which influences the diffusivity. A two-dimensional Chudley–Elliott model is applied. A few studies in the literature deal with ionic compounds with channels or layers. An example is the Chevrel phase Ni2Mo6S8: the Q dependence of the linewidths establishes fast long-range motion of the intercalated Ni2+ ions.
Factors Influencing Sleep Patterns of Adolescents (2001)

How I hated her method of waking me. My adolescent sleeps were long, dark and sullen. Never once in all those years did I wake of my own accord. It was Margaret, always, knocking on my door like some rodent trapped behind a wall. This would bring me to a rage of wakefulness and I would stomp into the bathroom, bad-tempered and clearly in the wrong, while Margaret, who had been up and gone to six o'clock Mass, would watch me with a silent and superior reproach. That would increase my fury; it is impossible to feel the equal of someone who's been awake longer than you.Mary Gordon, Final Payments
Single ion conducting polymer electrolyte for safe and high-performance batteries (2023)

International audience
In the light of feature distributions: moment matching for Neural Style\n Transfer (2021)

Style transfer aims to render the content of a given image in the\ngraphical/artistic style of another image. The fundamental concept underlying\nNeuralStyle Transfer (NST) is to interpret style as a distribution in the\nfeature space of a Convolutional Neural Network, such that a desired style can\nbe achieved by matching its feature distribution. We show that most current\nimplementations of that concept have important theoretical and practical\nlimitations, as they only partially align the feature distributions. We propose\na novel approach that matches the distributions more precisely, thus\nreproducing the desired style more faithfully, while still being\ncomputationally efficient. Specifically, we adapt the dual form of Central\nMoment Discrepancy (CMD), as recently proposed for domain adaptation, to\nminimize the difference between the target style and the feature distribution\nof the output image. The dual interpretation of this metric explicitly matches\nall higher-order centralized moments and is therefore a natural extension of\nexisting NST methods that only take into account the first and second moments.\nOur experiments confirm that the strong theoretical properties also translate\nto visually better style transfer, and better disentangle style from semantic\nimage content.\n
Improvements and gaps in the empirical expressions for the fill factor of modern industrial solar cells (2023)

This study assesses and improves the accuracy of commonly used expressions for the fill factor (FF). Parameters that could affect the accuracy of the revised expressions are investigated. Empirical coefficients of the commonly used analytical expressions are first recalculated using a modified fitting approach. Although the predictions of the revised expressions perfectly match the results of theoretical one-diode model simulations, gaps are observed when compared with actual measurements. The different impacts of unaccounted factors in the expressions are then explored. It is shown that adjusting the ideality factor or considering edge recombination improves the accuracy of the predictions. Moreover, the expressions can slightly overestimate the FF of cells with non-uniform implied open-circuit voltage distribution. As methods to extract electrical parameters from luminescence images continuously improve, the findings of this study can aid in developing techniques for extracting FF from luminescence images of industrial solar cells.
Evaluation of the host immune response assay SeptiCyte RAPID for potential triage of COVID-19 patients (2023)

Tools for the evaluation of COVID-19 severity would help clinicians with triage decisions, especially the decision whether to admit to ICU. The aim of this study was to evaluate SeptiCyte RAPID, a host immune response assay (Immunexpress, Seattle USA) as a triaging tool for COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization and potentially ICU care. SeptiCyte RAPID employs a host gene expression signature consisting of the ratio of expression levels of two immune related mRNAs, PLA2G7 and PLAC8, measured from whole blood samples. Blood samples from 146 adult SARS-CoV-2 (+) patients were collected within 48 h of hospital admission in PAXgene blood RNA tubes at Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, between July 28th and December 1st, 2020. Data on demographics, vital signs, clinical chemistry parameters, radiology, interventions, and SeptiCyte RAPID were collected and analyzed with bioinformatics methods. The performance of SeptiCyte RAPID for COVID-19 severity assessment and ICU admission was evaluated, relative to the comparator of retrospective clinical assessment by the Hospital del Mar clinical care team. In conclusion, SeptiCyte RAPID was able to stratify COVID-19 cases according to clinical severity: critical vs. mild (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.0001), critical vs. moderate (AUC = 0.77, p = 0.002), severe vs. mild (AUC = 0.85, p = 0.0003), severe vs. moderate (AUC = 0.63, p = 0.05). This discrimination was significantly better (by AUC or p-value) than could be achieved by CRP, lactate, creatine, IL-6, or D-dimer. Some of the critical or severe cases had "early" blood draws (before ICU admission; n = 33). For these cases, when compared to moderate and mild cases not in ICU (n = 37), SeptiCyte RAPID had AUC = 0.78 (p = 0.00012). In conclusion, SeptiCyte RAPID was able to stratify COVID-19 cases according to clinical severity as defined by the WHO COVID-19 Clinical Management Living Guidance of January 25th, 2021. Measurements taken early (before a patient is considered for ICU admission) suggest that high SeptiScores could aid in predicting the need for later ICU admission.
SYNTHESIS OF A NEW CHIRAL AMINE:(S)-5,5-DIMETHYL-2-METHOXYMETHYL-PYRROLIDINE (2001)

The title compound, a potential ‘quat’ auxiliary,was prepared from (S)-glutamic acid derivatives like (S)-N-Benzyl-5-methoxymethyl-2-pyrrolidinone 1. Other routes starting from (S)-pyroglutamic acid in an attempt to bypass N-Aryl compounds like 1 were also tested, but have not rendered the expected results yet.
AC Stability Analysis and <italic>dq</italic> Frame Impedance Specifications in Power-Electronics-Based Distributed Power Systems (2017)

Small-signal stability in balanced three-phase systems is typically investigated by means of the generalized Nyquist stability criterion (GNC) that involves operations on the source and load subsystems' impedance matrices. Eigenvalues of the ratio of these impedance matrices should be calculated for stability judgment. This paper shows that for a power-electronics-based distributed power system, impedance matrices of subsystems can be designed as diagonal dominant. Therefore, stability, in this case, is fully determined by the scalar ratios formed by the impedance elements seen across the d-axis and q-axis interfaces. A three-phase ac system can then be treated as two decoupled dc systems. As a result, the ac stability analysis can also be conducted based on insightful impedance quantities; impedance specification criteria developed for dc systems can be readily applied to ensure stability in ac systems. The major contribution of this paper is related to the simplification of the GNC analysis with good experimental validations. Limitation of the proposed method is that the systems have to work under high power factor condition. However, such limitation is not a problem for many power-electronics-based distributed power systems.
Proposal on a secure communications service element (SCSE) in the OSI application layer (1989)

Under the increasing demand for secure communications, the existing security techniques cannot fulfil the requirements for security satisfactorily. A number of study items are identified in this area; however, one of the major targets is to realize security services in the open systems interconnection (OSI) communication environment. In response to this need, the secure communication service element (SCSE) is proposed in the OSI application layer as a new type of common application service element to provide the security services of peer-entity authentication, data confidentiality, and data integrity. As for the peer-entity authentication service, the overall authentication protocol between the peer SCSEs is proposed by using the underlying association control service element authentication procedure. Regarding the data integrity and confidentiality, the SCSE transfer service is introduced to cover all the requirements for these services to the extent of the selective field services and the recovery for integrity errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
5G Network Slicing – Part 2: Algorithms and Practice (2017)

The articles in this special section focus on network slicing for 5G mobile communication. The emerging fifth generation (5G) networks are expected to support a plethora of different services and applications with diverse and often conflicting performance requirements. Network slicing enables network operators to allocate logical self-contained networks toward service providers, virtual operators, and vertical segments, with specific service-oriented functionality over a common physical network infrastructure providing the means of supporting efficiently diverse services.
Multi Objective Optimization of Reinforced Members for Crash Safety Design of Automobiles. (2000)

CAE technology has been widely applied for the crash safety design of vehicles.Nevertheless, the optimum design approach has not been completed for the crash behavior of the vehicles because of the non-linearity of the dynamic problem.The authors have proposed a Statistical Design Support System(SDSS), and brought forward that the SDSS is one of the available optimal approaches for the nonlinear and dynamic problems such as the vehicles crashing. In this study, the SDSS was applied for the multi-objective optimization design of the main reinforced members of a vehicle. The thickness of each member was chosen as the design variables, and the total weight and the deformation of the cabin as the multi-objection functions.It was shown that the SDSS could satisfactorily be used as a practical multi-objective optimization design fool for the crash safety design of vehicles, and the design cycle could be significantly cut down using SDSS.
Low-Frequency Modulation Sensors Using Nanosecond Fluorophores (1998)

We describe a new approach to fluorescence sensing based on a mixture of fluorophores, one of which is sensitive to the desired analyte. If a long-lifetime analyte-insensitive fluorophore is mixed with a short-lifetime analyte-sensitive fluorophore, the modulation of the emission at conveniently low frequencies becomes equal to the fractional fluorescence intensity of the sensing fluorophore. Under these conditions, the modulation can be used to determine the analyte concentration. This can be used with any fluorophore that changes intensity in response to analyte and does not require the sensing fluorophore to display a change in lifetime. The feasibility of modulation-based sensing was demonstrated using mixtures of 6-carboxyfluorescein and [Ru 2,2'-(bipyridyl)3]2+ as a pH sensor and of the calcium probe Fluo-3 and [Ru 2,2'-(bipyridyl)3]2+ as a calcium sensor.
Error Analysis for Localizing Egocentric Multimodal Cues in the Presence of Helicopter Noise (2015)

Loss of situation awareness (SA) remains a problem in aviation and can result in spatial disorientation (SD). Attempts to remedy the problem through non-visual displays have used 3-dimensional (3D) audio and vibrotaction. It is possible that the operational environment may not facilitate the use of 3D audio aircraft noise, fore-aft sound confusions, and pilot hearing loss. The present study looked at the effect of the first variable (ambient noise) on participants’ performance for localizing egocentric 3D audio, tactile, and redundant audiotactile cues in the presence of continuous helicopter noise. Accuracy rates were significantly better and errors were less disperse for tactile and audiotactile cues, suggesting that displaying information to pilots through these modalities could yield substantially better performance versus 3D audio alone.