gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an MPEG-based set-top box for video on demand services (2002)

Presents the design of an MPEG-based set-top box for digital video decoding and interfacing with the ADSL-based network or fiber-coaxial network. The architecture of the set-top box consists of three major functional blocks: the central control unit, the digital video decoding unit and the network interface unit. A universal bus is used to connect these blocks and other add-on peripheral modules. Based on this bus, an extension slot is implemented to enhance the design flexibility in supplementing functionality and upgrading performance, such as the improvement from the original 1.544 Mbps T1 interface to a higher throughput network interface in order to provide high quality MPEG 2 video on demand (VOD) services.
De qué te ríes: el humor en la literatura infantil (2004)

Paco Abril ha iniciado una investigacion sobre la risa con varios frentes abiertos. En su afan de desentranar el misterio de la risa, acaba llegando a su ambito de trabajo, la literatura infantil y juvenil, y nos propone diez (once en realidad) libros de humor. Se trata de un hit parade muy personal porque la risa es caprichosa, personal e intransferible. Asi que son titulos preferidos por el autor, escogidos sin animo de sentar catedra ni de ser una bibliografia de referencia.
Development of an ELISA for human corticosteroid-binding globulin (1989)

Journal Article Development of an ELISA for human corticosteroid-binding globulin Get access M Juchem, M Juchem Abteilungfür Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Universitätsfrauenklinik Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Köppe, K Köppe Abteilungfür Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Universitätsfrauenklinik Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Heubner, A Heubner Abteilungfür Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Universitätsfrauenklinik Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Pollow K Pollow Abteilungfür Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Universitätsfrauenklinik Mainz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 120, Issue 3_Supplement, Jun 1989, Page S141, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.120S141 Published: 01 June 1989
Multi-objective optimization of high-sulfur natural gas purification plant (2019)

Abstract There exists large space to save energy of high-sulfur natural gas purification process. The multi-objective optimization problem has been investigated to effectively reduce the total comprehensive energy consumption and further improve the production rate of purified gas. A steady-state simulation model of high-sulfur natural gas purification process has been set up by using ProMax. Seven key operating parameters of the purification process have been determined based on the analysis of comprehensive energy consumption distribution. To solve the problem that the process model does not converge in some conditions, back-propagation (BP) neural network has been applied to substitute the simulation model to predict the relative parameters in the optimization model. The uniform design method and the table U 21 (10 7 ) have been applied to design the experiment points for training and testing BP model. High prediction accuracy can be achieved by using the BP model. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II has been developed to optimize the two objectives, and 100 Pareto optimal solutions have been obtained. Three optimal points have been selected and evaluated further. The results demonstrate that the total comprehensive energy consumption is reduced by 13.4% and the production rate of purified gas is improved by 0.2% under the optimized operating conditions.
Infrared metafilms on a dielectric substrate (2009)

Using interferometric measurements and theoretical calculations, we show that a refractive index can be appropriately assigned to a thin plasmonic metafilm on a high-permittivity dielectric. A full analysis in amplitude and in phase of the composite metafilm made of metallic nanoresonators and wires is reported around the first plasmonic resonance. It reveals that contrary to solely intensity measurements, the phase behavior of the air/metafilm/dielectric system dramatically depends on both the damping effects and the dielectric index. A simple model is derived which can apply to various situations in plasmonics and optical metamaterials.
Measurements of top quark spin observables in t t ¯ $$ t\overline{t} $$ events using dilepton final states in s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2017)

Measurements of top quark spin observables in t t events are presented based on 20.2 fb -1 of s = 8 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is performed in the dilepton final state, characterised by the presence of two isolated leptons (electrons or muons). There are 15 observables, each sensitive to a different coefficient of the spin density matrix of t t production, which are measured independently. Ten of these observables are measured for the first time. All of them are corrected for detector resolution and acceptance effects back to the parton and stable-particle levels. The measured values of the observables at parton level are compared to Standard Model predictions at next-to-leading order in QCD. The corrected distributions at stable-particle level are presented and the means of the distributions are compared to Monte Carlo predictions. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is observed for any observable.
On Specifications and Proofs of Timed Circuits (2022)

Given a discrete-state continuous-time reactive system, like a digital circuit, the classical approach is to first model it as a state transition system and then prove its properties. Our contribution advocates a different approach: to directly operate on the input-output behavior of such systems, without identifying states and their transitions in the first place. We discuss the benefits of this approach at hand of some examples, which demonstrate that it nicely integrates with concepts of self-stabilization and fault-tolerance. We also elaborate on some unexpected artefacts of module composition in our framework, and conclude with some open research questions.
If not pharmacology, maybe physics (2006)

Anticonvulsants control epileptic seizures in at least two of three patients. For these lucky two, it can seem that everything works, both old drugs and new. Treatment decisions can be based on side effects and price. It is more difficult for the unlucky one.

Patients with intractable epilepsy may benefit from experimental drugs, but the standard for a successful trial is relatively modest: 50% improvement in 50% of patients. Sometimes, the patient is a candidate for surgery, by resection,1 transection,2 or section.3 The best results seem to occur with temporal lobectomy, which completely controls complex partial and generalized seizures at least half the time,1 but because many patients continue to have seizures, we continue to look for better treatments.

The vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) was the first example of a new approach toward seizure control, but this device generally reduces, rather than eliminates, seizures. The device cycles on and off constantly, but extra cycles can be initiated by placing a magnet over the device. Patients use the magnet when they think they will soon have a seizure, and this aborts or ameliorates the …
Identification of an EMS-induced causal mutation in a gene required for boron-mediated root development by low-coverage genome re-sequencing inArabidopsis (2013)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable the rapid production of an enormous quantity of sequence data. These powerful new technologies allow the identification of mutations by whole-genome sequencing. However, most reported NGS-based mapping methods, which are based on bulked segregant analysis, are costly and laborious. To address these limitations, we designed a versatile NGS-based mapping method that consists of a combination of low- to medium-coverage multiplex SOLiD (Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection) and classical genetic rough mapping. Using only low to medium coverage reduces the SOLiD sequencing costs and, since just 10 to 20 mutant F 2 plants are required for rough mapping, the operation is simple enough to handle in a laboratory with limited space and funding. As a proof of principle, we successfully applied this method to identify the CTR1, which is involved in boron-mediated root development, from among a population of high boron requiring Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. Our work demonstrates that this NGS-based mapping method is a moderately priced and versatile method that can readily be applied to other model organisms.
PPAR agonists stimulate adipogenesis at the expense of osteoblast differentiation while inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity (2014)

Drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, specifically peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, have been reported to affect bone cell function and fracture risk. In this study, we assessed the direct effects of PPAR-γ agonists (rosiglitazone and troglitazone), used in the treatment of diabetes, and a PPAR-α agonist (fenofibrate), used to treat hyperlipidaemia, on the function of primary osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Formation of 'trabecular' bone structures by rat calvarial osteoblasts was reduced by up to 85% in cultures treated with rosiglitazone and by 45% in troglitazone-treated or fenofibrate-treated cultures; at the same time, lipid droplet formation was increased by 40-70%. The expression of key osteogenic markers was similarly downregulated in cultures treated with PPAR agonists, whereas adipogenesis markers were upregulated. Formation of osteoclasts in cultures derived from mouse marrow diminished with fenofibrate treatment, whereas both glitazones reduced resorptive activity without affecting osteoclast number. Metformin, although not a PPAR agonist, is also commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here, metformin was found to have no effect on bone cell function. Taken together, these data suggest that PPAR-γ agonists may enhance bone loss via increased adipogenesis at the expense of osteoblast formation. In contrast, PPAR-α agonists may prevent bone loss. Given that the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease is expected to rise significantly, greater attention may need to be paid to the effects of PPAR agonists on bone homeostasis.
Collaborative Distributed Intrusion Detection (2004)

The rapidly increasing array of Internet-scale threats is a pressing problem for every organization that utilizes the network. Organizations often have limited resources to detect and respond to these threats. The sharing of information related to probes and attacks is a facet of an emerging trend toward 'collaborative security.' Collaborative security mechanisms provide network administrators with a valuable tool in this increasingly hostile environment. The perceived benefit of a collaborative approach to intrusion detection is threefold: greater clarity about attacker intent, precise models of adversarial behavior, and a better view of global network attack activity. While many organizations see value in adopting such a collaborative approach, several critical problems must be addressed before intrusion detection can be performed on an inter-organizational scale. These obstacles to collaborative intrusion detection often go beyond the merely technical; the relationships between cooperating organizations impose additional constraints on the amount and type of information to be shared. We propose a completely decentralized system that can efficiently distribute alerts to each collaborating peer. The system is composed of two major components that embody the main contribution of our research. The first component, named Worminator, is a tool for extracting relevant information from alert streams and encoding it in Bloom filters. The second component, Whirlpool, is a software system for scheduling correlation relationships between peer nodes. The combination of these systems accomplishes alert distribution in a scalable manner and without violating the privacy of each administrative domain.
Buoyant magnetic milliswimmers reveal design rules for optimizing microswimmer performance (2023)

Magnetically-actuated swimming microrobots are an emerging tool for navigating and manipulating materials in confined spaces. Recent work has demonstrated that it is possible to build such systems at the micro and nanoscales using polymer microspheres, magnetic particles and DNA nanotechnology. However, while these materials enable an unprecedented ability to build at small scales, such systems often demonstrate significant polydispersity resulting from both the material variations and the assembly process itself. This variability makes it difficult to predict, let alone optimize, the direction or magnitude of microswimmer velocity from design parameters such as link shape or aspect ratio. To isolate questions of a swimmer's design from variations in its physical dimensions, we present a novel experimental platform using two-photon polymerization to build a two-link, buoyant milliswimmer with a fully customizable shape and integrated flexible linker (the swimmer is underactuated, enabling asymmetric cyclic motion and net translation). Our approach enables us to control both swimming direction and repeatability of swimmer performance. These studies provide ground truth data revealing that neither the first order nor second order models currently capture the key features of milliswimmer performance. We therefore use our experimental platform to develop design guidelines for tuning the swimming speeds, and we identify the following three approaches for increasing speed: (1) tuning the actuation frequency for a fixed aspect ratio, (2) adjusting the aspect ratio given a desired range of operating frequencies, and (3) using the weaker value of linker stiffness from among the values that we tested, while still maintaining a robust connection between the links. We also find experimentally that spherical two-link swimmers with dissimilar link diameters achieve net velocities comparable to swimmers with cylindrical links, but that two-link spherical swimmers of equal diameter do not.
Differentiation of glomerular, tubular, and normal proteinuria: determinations of urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin, albumin, and total protein (1969)

A low molecular weight beta(2)-globulin (beta(2)-microglobulin), albumin, and total protein were measured in concentrated 24-hr urine specimens from 20 healthy subjects and 30 patients with clinical proteinuria of glomerular or tubular type. Classification of proteinuria was made on the basis of clinical diagnosis and size distribution of urinary proteins after gel chromatography. The molecular radii (Stokes' radii) of beta(2)-microglobulin and albumin, estimated by gel chromatography, were 15 A and 35 A. The average 24-hr urinary excretion in healthy subjects was 0.12 mg for beta(2)-microglobulin, 10 mg for albumin, and 80 mg for total protein. The patients with renal glomerular disorders had normal or only somewhat increased excretion of beta(2)-microglobulin, despite considerably increased excretion of albumin and total protein. Most of the patients with tubular dysfunction excreted large amounts of beta(2)-microglobulin, although they excreted normal or only slightly increased amounts of albumin and only moderately increased quantities of total protein. Consequently, the ratio or urinary albumin/urinary beta(2)-microglobulin was high in glomerular proteinuria (1100: 14,200), intermediate in normal proteinuria (33: 163), and low in tubular proteinuria (1.0: 13.3). Determinations of urinary clearances of beta(2)-microglobulin and albumin in four healthy subjects and 11 patients indicated that increased excretions of the two proteins were associated with increased clearances. The results suggest that quantitative determinations of urinary beta(2)-microglobulin and urinary albumin may be useful for detecting disorders of the renal handling of plasma proteins. The findings also seem to suggest a selective tubular reabsorption of the two proteins. Estimates on sera revealed a close correlation between serum levels of beta(2)-microglobulin and creatinine and also a greatly raised serum concentration of beta(2)-microglobulin after bilateral nephrectomy.
Atomic Layer Etching of Al2O3 Using Sequential, Self-Limiting Thermal Reactions with Sn(acac)2 and Hydrogen Fluoride (2015)

The atomic layer etching (ALE) of Al2O3 was demonstrated using sequential, self-limiting thermal reactions with tin(II) acetylacetonate (Sn(acac)2) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) as the reactants. The Al2O3 samples were Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) films grown using trimethylaluminum and H2O. The HF source was HF-pyridine. Al2O3 was etched linearly with atomic level precision versus number of reactant cycles. The Al2O3 ALE was monitored at temperatures from 150 to 250 °C. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies revealed that the sequential Sn(acac)2 and HF reactions were self-limiting versus reactant exposure. QCM measurements also determined that the mass change per cycle (MCPC) increased with temperature from -4.1 ng/(cm(2) cycle) at 150 °C to -18.3 ng/(cm(2) cycle) at 250 °C. These MCPC values correspond to etch rates from 0.14 Å/cycle at 150 °C to 0.61 Å/cycle at 250 °C based on the Al2O3 ALD film density of 3.0 g/cm(3). X-ray reflectivity (XRR) analysis confirmed the linear removal of Al2O3 and measured an Al2O3 ALE etch rate of 0.27 Å/cycle at 200 °C. The XRR measurements also indicated that the Al2O3 films were smoothed by Al2O3 ALE. The overall etching reaction is believed to follow the reaction Al2O3 + 6Sn(acac)2 + 6HF → 2Al(acac)3 + 6SnF(acac) + 3H2O. In the proposed reaction mechanism, the Sn(acac)2 reactant donates acac to the substrate to produce Al(acac)3. The HF reactant allows SnF(acac) and H2O to leave as reaction products. The thermal ALE of many other metal oxides using Sn(acac)2 or other metal β-diketonates, together with HF, should be possible by a similar mechanism. This thermal ALE mechanism may also be applicable to other materials such as metal nitrides, metal phosphides, metal sulfides and metal arsenides.
Comparison of automated insulin assays. (2007)

A number of clinically important conditions is associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Since there is growing evidence that serum insulin measurement can be useful for the individual characterization of the metabolic situation, we aimed to study the agreement of serum insulin results obtained with different widely used immunoassay systems. Comparative measurement of 100 serum samples was performed with three systems (Abbott AxSYM; Bayer Centaur; and Roche Elecsys). Close correlation of the results was found with Kendall's Tau > 0.95 for all three comparisons. Between the Abbott and the Bayer assay, and between the Abbott and the Roche assay, a slope of approximately 10% was observed. Mean concentrations found were 29.2 microU/mL, 30.0 microU/mL, 27.1 microU/mL with Abbott, Bayer, and Roche, respectively. It is concluded that the three assay systems studied offer a good agreement of results with only minor systematic bias.
Living cationic polymerization of 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether: Kinetics, mechanism and application to polymer synthesis (1990)

Abstract The cationic polymerization of 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether initiated by HI/weak Lewis acid (I 2 or ZnI 2 ) systems has been studied from both a kinetic‐mechanistic and a synthetic viewpoint. At low temperature and in toluene as solvent, the polymerization proceeds via a living process and the kinetic order with respect to monomer varies according to the nature of the Lewis acid activator. This behaviour can be explained by the coordination of the Lewis acid with both the monomer and the chain‐end, the latter leading to a strong activation of the magnified image ‐I bond towards monomer insertion. The living polymerization obtained from divinylether precursors leads to magnified image ‐I ended telechelics, and their transformation into dihydroxytelechelic oligomers has been performed. The chemical modification of chloroalkyl side groups by phase transfer catalysis allows the attachment of specific groups without consumption of‐OH ends.
Laser system for a high duty cycle photoinjector (1999)

We have developed a solid-state laser system that produces a 1 MHz pulse train of 800 equal amplitude pulses with 25 μJ per pulse at λ=1054nm; the repetition rate is 1 Hz. The laser pulse train is produced by a mode-locked Nd:YLF oscillator, synchronized to the phase of the photoinjector RF. The pulses are amplified in a Nd : glass multipass amplifier followed by a two-pass amplifier. The laser system uses chirped pulse amplification to produce 2 ps pulses. After two stages of second harmonic generation to λ=263nm and transport losses, 5μJ per pulse of UV are available at the Cs2Te photocathode of the RF gun. The photocathode quantum efficiency is in the 2–6% range, and electron bunches with charge in excess of 10 nC have been extracted during photoinjector operation.
Bone Mineral Density-Associated Polymorphisms Are Associated with Obesity-Related Traits in Korean Adults in a Sex-Dependent Manner (2012)

Obesity and osteoporosis share common physiological factors, including the presence of atherosclerosis, a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, as well as a common progenitor that differentiates into both adipocytes and osteoblasts. Among the 23 polymorphisms associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs), an Osterix polymorphism has been identified and associated with childhood obesity in girls. Therefore, we focused on elucidating polymorphisms associated with adulthood obesity in a sex-dependent manner among the previously published BMD-associated polymorphisms from GWASs. We performed 2 screenings of 18 BMD-associated polymorphisms for obesity-related traits in 2,362 adults aged >20 years. We excluded 13 polymorphisms showing deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or no association with obesity-related traits (body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio). Among 5 selected polymorphisms (rs9594738 of RANKL, rs17066364 of NUFIP1, rs7227401 of OSBPL1A, and rs1856057 and rs2982573 of ESR1) analyzed, 2 polymorphisms (rs9594738 and rs17066364) were associated with obesity-related traits. We found sex-dependent associations such that the 4 polymorphisms (excluding rs9594738 of RANKL) were associated with abdominal traits such as WC and waist-to-hip ratio only in men. In addition, when the combined genetic risk score (GRS) for WC increase was calculated with 4 SNPs (rs9594738, rs17066364, rs7227401, and rs1856057) exhibiting similar trends for both sexes, the magnitude of the GRS effect for the WC increase was larger in men than in women (effect size = 0.856 cm, P = 0.0000452 for men; effect size = 0.598 cm, P = 0.00228 for women). In summary, we found 4 polymorphisms, previously related to osteoporosis, to be associated to obesity-related traits in a sex-dependent manner in Korean adults, particularly in men.