gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of polymer cholesteric liquid crystal flake technology for electro-optic devices and particle displays (2007)

Liquid crystals have had a large presence in the display industry for several decades, and they continue to remain at the forefront of development as the industry delves into flexible displays and electronic paper. Among the emerging technologies trying to answer this call are polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) flakes. The motion of PCLC flakes suspended in a host fluid is controlled with an electric field, whereby the flakes reorient to align parallel with the applied field. A PCLC device easily switches from a bright state, where light of a given wavelength and polarizationis selectively reflected, to a dark, non-reflective state. The device returns to a bright state when the flakes relax to their original orientation after removal of the applied field. Progress has been made in addressing several key device issues: the need to switch flakes back to a reflective state quickly, the development of bistability, the ability to produce flexible devices, and the necessity to produce both high brightness and a large contrast ratio. Improvements in the technology have been made by addressing the optical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical features and characteristics of the PCLC flake/fluid host system. The manufacture of "custom" flakes by the process of formation of specific flake shapes, the addition of dopants, or the formation of layered flake composites results in particles with improved reflectivity and response times along with the ability to respond to both AC and DC fields. Specially designed driving waveforms provide a new means for controlling flake motion. PCLC flake micro-encapsulation allows for the possibility of flexible and potentially bistable devices. Here we report on the wide variety of approaches toward improving PCLC flake devices and their results.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGHLY DIASTEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF DI‐ AND TRISUBSTITUTED 4‐BUTANOLIDES FROM ALDEHYDES AND KETONES VIA THREE‐CARBON‐EXTENSION BY ALLYLIC HOMOENOLATE REAGENTS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Allyl‐urethanen (I), deren Herstellung beschrieben ist, erhält man mit Butyl‐lithium die Salze (II), die mit Chlortitanat zu (III) austauschen.
Prize Fight. The Race and the Rivalry to be the First in Science. By Morton A. Myers. (2013)

Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2012. 272 pp., hardcover, $ 27.00.—ISBN 978-0230338906
Solid-State Modulators for Particle Accelerators (2017)

A series of the wide parameter range solid-state high-voltage modulators has been developed and built as a power supplies for the magnetrons and the klystrons in the particle accelerators. The series includes 60 kV/100 A/6 μs modulator with pulse transformer for 3 MW magnetron, 60 kV/300 A/6 μs direct switch modulator for 6 MW multi-beam klystron, 110 kV/80A/6 μs direct switch modulator for 3 MW klystron, 130 kV/100 A/6 μs modulator with pulse transformer for 5 MW klystron, 250 kV/250 A/6 μs modulator with pulse transformer for 20 MW klystron. The last modulator is under construction. All other modulators have been supplied to customers in Russia as well as in Europe.
Biogeochemical processes in the saline meromictic Lake Kaiike, Japan: implications from molecular isotopic evidences of photosynthetic pigments (2005)

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions were determined for individual photosynthetic pigments isolated and purified from the saline meromictic Lake Kaiike, Japan, to investigate species-independent biogeochemical processes of photoautotrophs in the natural environment. In the anoxic monimolimnion and benthic microbial mats, the carbon isotopic compositions of BChls e and isorenieratene related to brown-coloured strains of green sulfur bacteria are substantially ( approximately 10 per thousand) depleted in (13)C relative to those found in the chemocline. In conjunction with 16S rDNA evidence reported previously, it strongly suggests that Pelodyctyon luteolum inhabited and photosynthesized in the anoxic monimolimnion and benthic microbial mats by using (13)C-depleted regenerated CO(2). By contrast, both Chl a and BChl a in the monimolimnion and microbial mats have similar isotopic compositions as they do in the chemocline, implying that the source organisms live only in the chemocline. In the chemocline, the nitrogen isotopic compositions of BChl e homologues ranges from -7.7 to-6.5 per thousand, whereas that of BChl a is -2.1 per thousand. These isotopic compositions suggest that green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium phaeovibrioides would conduct nitrogen fixation in the chemocline, whereas purple sulfur bacteria Halochromatium sp. and cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. may assimilate nitrite.
Effect of channel separation and interaural mismatch on fusion and lateralization in normal-hearing and cochlear-implant listeners (2019)

Bilateral cochlear implantation has provided access to some of the benefits of binaural hearing enjoyed by normal-hearing (NH) listeners. However, a gap in performance still exists between the two populations. Single-channel stimulation studies have shown that interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch (IPM) due to differences in implantation depth leads to decreased binaural fusion and lateralization of interaural time and level differences (ITDs and ILDs, respectively). While single-channel studies are informative, multi-channel stimulation is needed for good speech understanding with cochlear implants (CIs). Some multi-channel studies have shown that channel interaction due to current spread can affect ITD sensitivity. In this work, we studied the effect of IPM and channel spacing, along with their potential interaction, on binaural fusion and ITD/ILD lateralization. Experiments were conducted in adult NH listeners and CI listeners with a history of acoustic hearing. Results showed that IPM reduced the range of lateralization for ITDs but not ILDs. CI listeners were more likely to report a fused percept in the presence of IPM with multi-channel stimulation than NH listeners. However, no effect of channel spacing was found. These results suggest that IPM should be accounted for in clinical mapping practices in order to maximize bilateral CI benefits.
Identification and separation of mouse and human components of heterotransplanted human tumours (1980)

It has been demonstrated that, with the exception of foetal tissues (Povlsen et al., 1974) normal cells will not grow when injected into immunosuppressed animals (Stanbridge et al., 1975). It might thus be expected that heterotransplantation of human tumours into immunosuppressed mice might result in replacement of the stromal elements by mouse stroma.
Low-cost SDR-based Tool for Evaluating LoRa Satellite Communications (2022)

LoRa (Long Range) technology, with great success in providing coverage for massive Internet-of-things (IoT) deployments, is recently being considered to complement the terrestrial networks with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite connectivity. The objective is to extend coverage to remote areas for various verticals, such as logistics, asset tracking, transportation, utilities, agriculture, and maritime. However, only limited studies have realistically evaluated the effects of ground-to-satellite links due to the high cost of traditional tools and methods to emulate the radio channel. In this paper, compared to an expensive channel emulator, we propose and develop an alternative method for the experimental study of LoRa satellite links using lower-cost software defined radio (SDR). Since the working details of LoRa modulation are limited to the reverse-engineered imitations, we employ such a version on SDR platform and add easily controllable adverse channel effects to evaluate LoRa for satellite connectivity. In our work, the emulation of the Doppler effect is considered as a key aspect for testing the reliability of LoRa satellite links. Therefore, after demonstrating the correctness of the (ideal) <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$L$</tex> oRa transceiver implementation, achieving a low packet error ratio (PER) with a commercial <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$L$</tex> oRa receiver, the baseband signal is distorted to emulate the Doppler effect, mimicking a real LoRa satellite communication. The Doppler effect is related to time-on-air (ToA), bounded to communication parameters and orbit height. Higher ToAs and lower orbits decrease the link duration, mainly because of dynamic Doppler effect.
The impact of erosive esophagitis on HRQL (2000)

Purpose: In a recent effectiveness trial of rabeprazole 20 mg once daily in over 2500 patients with endoscopically confirmed erosive esophagitis, we used the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF 36) to assess health related quality of life (HRQL) and the degree of impairment in HRQL relative to the US norm. The objective: to extend results from previous studies on HRQL impairment in GERD to an erosive GERD sample larger and more representative of this subset of GERD sufferers in the US population.
Volume stylizer (2013)

Volumetric phenomena are an integral part of standard rendering, yet, no suitable tools to edit characteristic properties are available so far. Either simulation results are used directly, or modifications are high-level, e.g., noise functions to influence appearance. Intuitive artistic control is not possible.
Real- time Simulation of Flight Control System Based on ADRC Technique (2014)

The under-actuated,strongly coupled and nonlinear dynamics of quadrotor UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is taken into consideration,for which the closed-loop control design based on ADRC(Active Disturbance Rejection Control) technique is investigated.ADRC benefits from its ESO(extended state observer) to cope with the disturbances and uncertainties.Furthermore,the nonlinear feedback control grounded on ESO upgrades the performance of the closed-loop system.Last but not least,the real-time and visual simulation is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed flight control system based on ADRC technique as well as the guidance algorithm that is developed to realize a precise flight trajectory along the scheduled path.Results show that desirable control and trajectory tracking performances have been achieved for the quadrotor UAV system.
Preparation Technique of Technetium-99m-Labeled Nanoparticles of Fe@C with Modified Surface (2015)

The authors have researched the possibility of radioactive 99m Tc labeling of the surface of carbon-coated nano-sized ferrum Fe@C particles as well as Fe@C (IDA) particles modified by aryldiazonium tosilates. Non-modified particles proved to absorb up to 11.2 % of 99m Тс injected amount. The value of atomic absorption does not exceed 0.736∙10 -9 g-at 99m Тс per 1 g of Fe@C. No physical absorption is observed on modified particles of Fe@C (IDA). In chemical interaction of the particles with 99m Tc in the presence of a reducing agent, Sn (II), the yield of the labeled product increases 1.5 times and reaches 21.3% of the total induced radioactivity of the radionuclide.
Sleep pattern in epilepsy patients: a polysomnographic study (2020)

Abstract Background Sleep disorders and epilepsy commonly exist and affect each other. Patients with epilepsy often complain of poor sleep and on the other hand, poor sleep makes epilepsy control difficult. Objectives We aimed at comparing the sleep disturbances in a group of patients with medically controlled epilepsy versus another group with medically refractory epilepsy, from the electrophysiological standpoint. Subjects and methods Sixty epilepsy patients were included; half of them with controlled epilepsy were assigned as group I, and the other half with refractory epilepsy was assigned as group II. All patients had an overnight polysomnogram and sleep EEG done. We excluded any patient with abnormal general or neurological clinical examination. Results Patients in group II, had significantly delayed sleep onset latency and REM latency. However, higher arousal index, insomnia, and periodic limb movement index were found to be significantly higher in group I. Respiratory events; as light sleep durations, were observed to be higher in Group II, in addition to apnea-hypopnea index that was significantly higher in this group. Conclusion Epilepsy affects sleep architecture and sleep-related events. Patients with refractory epilepsy suffer from more disturbance in sleep patterns. Moreover, antiepileptic drugs can have a diverse effect on sleep architecture and quality in epileptic patients.
Forkhead box transcription factor FoxC1 preserves corneal transparency by regulating vascular growth (2011)

Normal vision requires the precise control of vascular growth to maintain corneal transparency. Here we provide evidence for a unique mechanism by which the Forkhead box transcription factor FoxC1 regulates corneal vascular development. Murine Foxc1 is essential for development of the ocular anterior segment, and in humans, mutations have been identified in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, a disorder characterized by anterior segment dysgenesis. We show that FOXC1 mutations also lead to corneal angiogenesis, and that mice homozygous for either a global (Foxc1(-/-)) or neural crest (NC)-specific (NC-Foxc1(-/-)) null mutation display excessive growth of corneal blood and lymphatic vessels. This is associated with disorganization of the extracellular matrix and increased expression of multiple matrix metalloproteinases. Heterozygous mutants (Foxc1(+/-) and NC-Foxc1(+/-)) exhibit milder phenotypes, such as disrupted limbal vasculature. Moreover, environmental exposure to corneal injury significantly increases growth of both blood and lymphatic vessels in both Foxc1(+/-) and NC-Foxc1(+/-) mice compared with controls. Notably, this amplification of the angiogenic response is abolished by inhibition of VEGF receptor 2. Collectively, these findings identify a role for FoxC1 in inhibiting corneal angiogenesis, thereby maintaining corneal transparency by regulating VEGF signaling.
Terminology in IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (2013)

draft-ietf-6tisch-terminology-08 [work-in-progress]
Measurement of thermal emission during cutting of materials using abrasive water jet (2016)

This article deals with measurement of the thermal gradient on material during abrasive water jet cutting. The temperature was measured by thermocamera before the technological process started, during the abrasive water jet cutting process technology, and just after the cutting process. We performed measurements on several types of materials. We calculated the approximate amount of energy during the abrasive water jet cutting process technology that changes into thermoenergy, which is the current water pressure drained in a catcher tank.
A Novel Solvent Extraction Route for the Mutual Separation of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium in Hydrochloric Acid Media (2010)

N, N′ – dimethyl ‐ N, N′ – diphenyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDPHTDMA) in 1,2‐dichloroethane has been investigated as a solvent extraction reagent to mainly perform the separation of platinum, palladium, and rhodium from each other and from some commonly associated elements contained in concentrated hydrochloric acid media. The synthetic platinum‐group metal (PGMs) solutions always contained tin chloride. The studied PGMs were easily separated from Fe(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and In(III) in a single extraction step, but the complete Pt, Pd, and Rh mutual separation was not achieved in a single extraction/stripping cycle. Parameters related with PGMs labilization, such as the required concentrations of tin(II) chloride and the effect of temperature, have been studied in detail. The developed separation scheme was applied to an automobile catalytic converter leaching solution.
Abstract 13960: Socioeconomic and Environmental Exposures (Socio-Enviromics) and Cardiometabolic Health in the United States (2021)

Introduction: Environmental exposures and socioeconomic status may have complex interactions at the neighborhood level with respect to contributionto cardiovascular disease. We sought to understand the association between integreated social/environmentalexposures (socio-enviromics) with geospatial variation in various chronic cardiometabolic and pulmonary conditions in the United States. Methods: We mapped 27 census tract (CT)-level multi-source environmental exposure and socioeconomic variables throughout more &gt;70,000 census tracts in the US. We trained a regression-based machine learning model using 80% training and tested it on 20% hold-out test to predict CT-level estimated prevalence of various risk factors and chronic diseases. We additionally tested the association between the predicted prevalence of coronary artery disease (socio-enviromic score) with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a prospective cohort of 45,188 individuals who underwent coronary artery calcium (CAC) score testing using cox regression model. Results: Enviromics/SocioEnviromics explained significant proportion of variation in prevalence of health conditions (figure). In the CAC cohort, socio-enviromic score was associated with MACE independently of age, sex, race and CAC (HR 1.12 [1.08-1.17], P&lt;0.001). The association between socioenviromic score and MACE was stronger among individuals with lower CAC (socioenviromic score * CAC P interaction =0.01). Conclusions: A significant proportion of the census-tract level prevalence of cardiometabolic conditions can be explained by geographic variation in socio-enviromics, and an integrated socio-enviromic score is associated with MACE at the individual level, independently of CAC. The impact of integrated socio-enviromics in individual cardiovascular risk prediction should be studied in prospective cohorts.
Face recognition from video: a CONDENSATION approach (2003)

The aim of this work is to investigate how to exploit the temporal information in a video sequence for the task of face recognition. Following the approach in (Li and Chellappa, 2000), we propose a probabilistic model parameterized by a tracking state vector and a recognizing identity variable, simultaneously characterizing the kinematics and identity of humans. We then invoke a CONDENSATION (Isard and Blake, 1996) approach to provide a numerical solution to the model. Once the joint posterior distribution of the state vector and the identity variable is estimated, we marginalize it over the state vector to yield a robust estimate of the posterior distribution of the identity variable. Due to the propagation of identity and dynamics, a degeneracy in the posterior distribution of the identity variable is achieved to give improved recognition. This evolving behavior is characterized using changes in entropy. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated using experimental results on low-resolution video data.
IN VITRO STUDY OF A FIBER NETWORK TAILORED AS 3D-CELL MODEL (2014)

Biomimedics Interreg
Darstellungsmethoden im Überblick (1988)

Die Verfahren zur Knüpfung von Hauptgruppenelement-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen lassen sich grob nach folgenden Reaktionstypen gliedern: Oxidative Addition 1, Austausch 2 – 7 , Insertion 8 – 10, Eliminierung 11, 12.
VerbOcean: Mining the Web for Fine-Grained Semantic Verb Relations (2004)

Broad-coverage repositories of semantic relations between verbs could benefit many NLP tasks. We present a semi-automatic method for extracting fine-grained semantic relations between verbs. We detect similarity, strength, antonymy, enablement, and temporal happens-before relations between pairs of strongly associated verbs using lexicosyntactic patterns over the Web. On a set of 29,165 strongly associated verb pairs, our extraction algorithm yielded 65.5% accuracy. Analysis of error types shows that on the relation strength we achieved 75% accuracy. We provide the resource, called VERBOCEAN, for download at http://semantics.isi.edu/ocean/.
Oligotrophy and pelagic marine bacteria: facts and fiction (1997)

Oligotrophy, or the inability of bacterial cells to propagate at elevated nutrient concentrations, is a controversial phenomenon in microbiology. The exact cause of the unculturability of many indigenous marine bacteria on standard laboratory media has still not been resolved. Unfortunately, the physiology of such cells is difficult to investigate as long as high cell density cultures cannot be obtained. An extensive evaluation of experiments relating to oligotrophy and the cultivation of marine bacteria is presented in this review. When incorporating the findings of studies performed with molecular biological methods, the picture emerges that indigenous marine bacteria can be cultivated under certain cond~tions and that the 'ohgotrophic way of life' is a transient characteristic. Although strong generalisations should not be made w ~t h respect to a biological system as diverse as the world's oceans, it should be anticipated that cells with unique physiological characteristics appear to exist in the oceanic system. When combining conventional physiological approaches with molecular biological techniques it is feasible to unveil the phenotypes that go with the encountered genotypes. In view of the enormous complexity of the oceanic system this will prove an ambitious, yet resourceful undertaking.
TRAIL Deficiency Delays, but Does Not Prevent, Erosion in the Quality of “Helpless” Memory CD8 T Cells (2006)

In this study, we investigated the role of TRAIL in Ag-specific CD8 T cell homeostasis after viral infection. TRAIL deficiency does not influence the kinetics of the Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses, and CD8 T cells in TRAIL-deficient mice were able to expand, contract, and generate functional memory cell numbers that were indistinguishable from TRAIL-sufficient wild-type CD8 T cells after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Interestingly, the ability of "helpless" CD8 T cells to retain their memory phenotypic and functional (i.e., secondary expansion) characteristics was prolonged in TRAIL-deficient mice compared with wild-type CD4-depleted controls. However, TRAIL deficiency only delayed, but did not prevent, the eventual erosion in the quality of helpless memory CD8 T cells, and that correlated with their inability to respond to a second round of Ag-driven proliferation. These data, which suggest that CD4 help consists of both TRAIL-dependent and -independent components, may help to resolve the current controversy between the early programming and maintenance models that were put forward to explain the role of CD4 T cell help in Ag-specific CD8 T cell homeostasis.
A Multidisciplinary Design Model for New Service Offering Transfers and Internal Integration in Retail Chain Services (2010)

Service science proposes a multidisciplinary approach to analyzing services. Models of internal integration have been studied extensively in operations management and organizational design research. However, there are few applications of these multidisciplinary models to study retail chain service environments, where knowledge transfer of a new service offering must be communicated and transferred to remote service operators who are primarily responsible for effective execution. This paper explores how to mitigate new service offering 'stickiness' through an organizational design system that leverages information and communication technologies to promote internal integration practices and operational consensus in retail chain services. Furthermore, this paper offers a multidisciplinary framework of internal integration and several researchable propositions to advance scholarly service science research that will influence retail service practice.
Computer-Based Simulation of IOL Injection: Toward a Full Featured Cataract Surgery Training System (2009)

International audience