gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of prefrontal cortex damage on emotion understanding: EEG and behavioural evidence (2017)

Humans are highly social beings that interact with each other on a daily basis. In these complex interactions, we get along by being able to identify others' actions and infer their intentions, thoughts and feelings. One of the major theories accounting for this critical ability assumes that the understanding of social signals is based on a primordial tendency to simulate observed actions by activating a mirror neuron system. If mirror neuron regions are important for action and emotion recognition, damage to regions in this network should lead to deficits in these domains. In the current behavioural and EEG study, we focused on the lateral prefrontal cortex including dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex and utilized a series of task paradigms, each measuring a different aspect of recognizing others' actions or emotions from body cues. We examined 17 patients with lesions including (n = 8) or not including (n = 9) the inferior frontal gyrus, a core mirror neuron system region, and compared their performance to matched healthy control subjects (n = 18), in behavioural tasks and in an EEG observation-execution task measuring mu suppression. Our results provide support for the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in understanding others' emotions, by showing that even unilateral lesions result in deficits in both accuracy and reaction time in tasks involving the recognition of others' emotions. In tasks involving the recognition of actions, patients showed a general increase in reaction time, but not a reduction in accuracy. Deficits in emotion recognition can be seen by either direct damage to the inferior frontal gyrus, or via damage to dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex regions, resulting in deteriorated performance and less EEG mu suppression over sensorimotor cortex.
Peroxisomes Are Formed from Complex Membrane Structures inPEX6-deficient CHO Cells upon Genetic Complementation (2002)

Pex6p belongs to the AAA family of ATPases. Its CHO mutant, ZP92, lacks normal peroxisomes but contains peroxisomal membrane remnants, so called peroxisomal ghosts, which are detected with anti-70-kDa peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP70) antibody. No peroxisomal matrix proteins were detected inside the ghosts, but exogenously expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to peroxisome targeting signal-1 (PTS-1) accumulated in the areas adjacent to the ghosts. Electron microscopic examination revealed that PMP70-positive ghosts in ZP92 were complex membrane structures, rather than peroxisomes with reduced matrix protein import ability. In a typical case, a set of one central spherical body and two layers of double-membraned loops were observed, with endoplasmic reticulum present alongside the outer loop. In the early stage of complementation by PEX6 cDNA, catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase accumulated in the lumen of the double-membraned loops. Biochemical analysis revealed that almost all the peroxisomal ghosts were converted into peroxisomes upon complementation. Our results indicate that 1) Peroxisomal ghosts are complex membrane structures; and 2) The complex membrane structures become import competent and are converted into peroxisomes upon complementation with PEX6.
Enormous Shrinkage of Carbon Nanotubes under Low-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation with Uniaxial Tensile Stress (2011)

We found that low-energy electron irradiation combined with uniaxial tensile stress strongly enhanced the shrinkage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The shrinking maximized at 5 keV, although some believe that the low-energy electron irradiation from 1 to 30 keV using a scanning electron microscope hardly induces structural deformation of CNTs. Such shrunk CNTs showed periodic and zigzag folding of their sidewalls, resulting in about 90% shrinkage from the original length. Such deformation could be induced in either single- or multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs). The surface area per unit volume drastically increased up to 560% when a tube shrunk to 10% of its original length, a phenomenon observed in the shrinkage of MWNTs.
Differential effect of high doses versus low doses of interleukin‐12 on the adoptive transfer of human specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte in autologous lung tumors engrafted into severe combined immunodeficiency disease–nonobese diabetic mice (2001)

BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-12 can enhance the development of effective immune responses against tumors as well as against certain infectious agents. It is therefore a potential candidate for therapeutic use in cancer therapy and in design of vaccines against several infectious diseases. METHODS The authors have established a specific cytotoxic T-cell line (TIL-Heu) from lymphocytes infiltrating a human large cell carcinoma of the lung (LCC). In the current report, the authors have investigated the in vivo effect of recombinant human IL-12 (rhIL-12) on the adoptive transfer of TIL-Heu cells in autologous tumor (Heu-n) engrafted into severe combined immunodeficiency disease–nonobese diabetic (SCID-NOD) mice. RESULTS Initial in vitro experiments indicated that rhIL-12 increased the cytotoxic potential of TIL-Heu cells in a dose-dependent manner. Heu-n tumors transplanted into SCID-NOD mice were injected with TIL-Heu cells, resulting in a significant tumor growth inhibition. When low doses of rhIL-12 were injected intratumorally after TIL-Heu transfer, a clear increase in tumor growth suppression was observed. Surprisingly, higher doses of rhIL-12 had no effect on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)–induced prevention of tumor growth. Further in vitro experiments revealed an inhibition of tumor cell lysis after incubation with supernatant of TIL-Heu cells stimulated with high doses of rhIL-12, strongly suggesting that an immunosuppressive factor secreted by the high dose IL-12–stimulated CTL may be responsible for the tumor escape observed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data indicate that IL-10 may play a critical role in the lack of effect of high dose IL-12, by mediating tumor cell resistance to CTL killing. Therefore, understanding the cross-talk between immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive cytokines ultimately may provide new approaches to improve cytokine-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Cancer 2001;91:113–22. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Progressive Disentangled Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Controllable Talking Head Synthesis (2022)

We present a novel one-shot talking head synthesis method that achieves disentangled and fine-grained control over lip motion, eye gaze&amp;blink, head pose, and emotional expression. We represent different motions via disentangled latent representations and leverage an image generator to synthesize talking heads from them. To effectively disentangle each motion factor, we propose a progressive disentangled representation learning strategy by separating the factors in a coarse-to-fine manner, where we first extract unified motion feature from the driving signal, and then isolate each fine-grained motion from the unified feature. We introduce motion-specific contrastive learning and regressing for non-emotional motions, and feature-level decorrelation and self-reconstruction for emotional expression, to fully utilize the inherent properties of each motion factor in unstructured video data to achieve disentanglement. Experiments show that our method provides high quality speech&amp;lip-motion synchronization along with precise and disentangled control over multiple extra facial motions, which can hardly be achieved by previous methods.
Kristallstruktur des aktiven Gerinnungsfaktors XIIIa, induziert durch Calciumbindung: Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuartiger Antikoagulantien (2013)

Verfügbare Arzneistoffe gegen Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen hemmen Blutgerinnungsproteine, können aber zu lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen führen. Ein aussichtsreiches Zielenzym für sicherere Wirkstoffe ist die Transglutaminase Faktor XIII (FXIII), deren aktive Struktur nun aufgeklärt wurde. Die Aktivierung von FXIII erfolgt über die Bindung von drei Calciumionen, die Domänenbewegungen des Enzyms auslösen.
Bioinformatic Approaches Used in Modelling Human Tremor (2009)

Bioinformatics is a field of information technology concerning the storage, retrieval, analysis, visualization, prediction and analysis of sets of data with biological or clinical significance. Tremor is a common movement disorder, for which pharmacological and neurophysiological models have been developed these last 3 decades, and which is at the frontier of biology, health sciences and computer technologies. Recently, new biomechanical modelling approaches of tremor have been proposed, based upon ambulatory systems and body area networks (BAN). Use of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques taking into account the non-linearity and non stationarity features of tremor time-series is reviewed in the present article. In particular, algorithms for instantaneous assessments of oscillations and direct online cancellations have been suggested. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the tremor detection algorithms, as well as prediction tools. In addition, promising models based upon neural networks, conductance studies and brain neurotransmitters are under development. These models will allow the accurate simulation of the behaviour of limbs. Their impact is outlined. The field of tremor research represents an excellent application of bioinformatics in medicine and rehabilitation. Keywords: Tremor, bioinformatics, brain, animal models, time-series, Fast Fourier Transform, tremor detection algorithms, computational models
Performance assessment of Synchronous Condensers vs Voltage Source\n Converters providing grid-forming functions (2021)

Having sufficient grid-forming sources is one of the necessary conditions to\nguarantee the stability in a power system hosting a very large share of\ninverter-based generation. The grid-forming function has been historically\nfulfilled by synchronous machines. However, with the appropriate control, it\ncan also be provided by voltage source converters (VSC). This work presents a\ncomparison between two technologies with grid-forming capability: the VSC with\na grid-forming control coupled with an adequate energy storage system, and the\nsynchronous condensers (SC). Both devices are compared regarding their inertial\nresponse, as well as their contribution to the system strength and\nshort-circuit current for an equivalent capacity expressed in terms of apparent\npower and inertial reserve. Their behaviour following grid disturbances is\nassessed through time-domain simulations based on detailed electromagnetic\ntransient (EMT) models. The results show that both devices achieve similar\nperformance in the time-scale of seconds. For shorter time-windows, however,\nthey present a different behavior: the SC ensures a better stiffness in the\nfirst tens of ms following the disturbance, while the VSC offers a faster\nresynchronization.\n
Visually Salient 3D Model Acquisition from Range Data (1993)

Automatic model building is a crucial requirement of any model-based vision system which must work in unknown environments. Even in the specialised environments where CAD models are available for a small number of parts, these models often are not suitable for vision tasks, impacting on the robustness (more than the mean accuracy) of the system using them. Moreover, the time needed to make such models by hand may be prohibitive, particularly with freeform curved objects; hence automatic model acquisition is greatly desirable. We present a procedure which merges multiple range images of an unmodelled object to create a 3-D object-centred model of the part. By explicitly considering the specific problems of vision systems, we achieve a high-level, robust and accurate description of the unknown scene, where visual applicability of our generated model is guaranteed.
Assessment of therapeutic clinical trials for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (2023)

The majority of trials that were undertaken remain with unpublished results. Trial results need to be published to help physicians navigate treatments and establish therapeutic protocols. Involving multiple institutions and reinforcing blinding can help decrease bias and increase the validity and reliability of trial results.
A non-BRICHOSSFTPCmutant (SP-CI73T) linked to interstitial lung disease promotes a late block in macroautophagy disrupting cellular proteostasis and mitophagy (2014)

Mutation of threonine for isoleucine at codon 73 (I73T) in the human surfactant protein C (hSP-C) gene (SFTPC) accounts for a significant portion of SFTPC mutations associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Cell lines stably expressing tagged primary translation product of SP-C isoforms were generated to test the hypothesis that deposition of hSP-C(I73T) within the endosomal system promotes disruption of a key cellular quality control pathway, macroautophagy. By fluorescence microscopy, wild-type hSP-C (hSP-C(WT)) colocalized with exogenously expressed human ATP binding cassette class A3 (hABCA3), an indicator of normal trafficking to lysosomal-related organelles. In contrast, hSP-C(I73T) was dissociated from hABCA3 but colocalized to the plasma membrane as well as the endosomal network. Cells expressing hSP-C(I73T) exhibited increases in size and number of cytosolic green fluorescent protein/microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3) vesicles, some of which colabeled with red fluorescent protein from the gene dsRed/hSP-C(I73T). By transmission electron microscopy, hSP-C(I73T) cells contained abnormally large autophagic vacuoles containing organellar and proteinaceous debris, which phenocopied ultrastructural changes in alveolar type 2 cells in a lung biopsy from a SFTPC I73T patient. Biochemically, hSP-C(I73T) cells exhibited increased expression of Atg8/LC3, SQSTM1/p62, and Rab7, consistent with a distal block in autophagic vacuole maturation, confirmed by flux studies using bafilomycin A1 and rapamycin. Functionally, hSP-C(I73T) cells showed an impaired degradative capacity for an aggregation-prone huntingtin-1 reporter substrate. The disruption of autophagy-dependent proteostasis was accompanied by increases in mitochondria biomass and parkin expression coupled with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. We conclude that hSP-C(I73T) induces an acquired block in macroautophagy-dependent proteostasis and mitophagy, which could contribute to the increased vulnerability of the lung epithelia to second-hit injury as seen in ILD.
Supplement - Clean version from A Phase II Trial of Abiraterone Combined with Dutasteride for Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clean version of supplement for submission.&lt;/p&gt;
The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap: a narrative review on its various uses in non-breast reconstruction (2022)

The scientific body of evidence showed the robustness and versatility of the DIEP flap in non-breast reconstruction, with its relative pros and cons at different anatomical regions.
Preparation of monodispersed CuS nanocrystals in an oleic acid/paraffin system (2015)

Well-dispersed CuS nanocrystals were synthesized through a simple hot injection approach using cupric oxide and elemental sulfur as the precursors in an oleic acid/liquid paraffin system.
The biological activity of high-density lipoprotein fractions and their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (2016)

Increasing the human plasma concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be part of strategy for control of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HDL particles vary in their structure, metabolism, and biological activity. The review describes major HDL fractions (subpopulations) and discusses new findings on the antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles. The whole spectrum of HDL fractions, small, dense, protein-rich lipoproteins, has atheroprotective properties that are determined by the presence of specialized groups of proteins and lipids; however, this activity may be decreased in atherogenic lesion. Comprehensive structural and compositional analysis of HDL may provide key information to identify the fractions that have characteristic biological properties and lose their functionality in CVD. These fractions may be also biomarkers for the risk of CVD and hence represent pharmacological targets.
Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (2017)

Cytokines are cell molecules that are secreted by immune cells and aid cell to cell communication in immune responses and stimulate the movement of cells towards sites of inflammation, infection and trauma. So, the cytokines are the main part of the immune network to provide the communication in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) too. In RA, cytokines may be classified into four groups: pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cytokines in joints, anti-inflammatory cytokines and natural cytokine antagonists. After the initial stimuli have occurred, cytokines play a role in communication between the parts of immune system in every step of the pathophysiology process of RA. The differentiation of narve T cells into Th17 cells results in inflammation (synovitis) in joints. B cells further the pathogenic process through antigen presentation and autoantibody and cytokine production. The release of cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1, causes synovial inflammation. In addition to their articular effects, pro-inflammatory cytokines promote the development of systemic effects (anemia, cardiovascular disease, fatigue and depression). So, cytokines are the main molecules contributing to all facets of the disease.
Reconfigurable and Deployable Miura-Ori RA Analysis for Satellite Applications (2021)

A foldable reconfigurable ReflectArray antenna (RA) based on the Miura-Ori origami pattern is presented for CubeSat deep space communications. Designed at 8.425 GHz, the RA is capable of operating with a single beam as well as dual beams. The beamscanning capabilities are a function of the aperture fold θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> and are showcased using a time saving analytical model.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Use ofa Vaccine Against Trichophytosis in a Large Herd of Silver Foxes and Arctic Foxes (1991)

The report describes the incidence of trichophytosis in a large herd of silver foxes and arctic foxes in Czechoslovakia. Out of 4 800 animals in the herd 25 silver foxes and 25 arctic foxes were clinically affected. The causative agent was identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Prophylactic and therapeutic use of an experimental vaccine, prepared from a live T. mentagrophytes culture, was successful: trichophytosis was brought under control within 2 months of revaccination. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, vaccination, fur animals
Studies to decrease cogging force and pulsating thrust in the prototype linear permanent magnet Vernier motor (2008)

Vernier motors are known as a large torque machine. Its feature is most suitable for linear direct drive system. However, in general, linear machines have a large cogging force and pulsating force, due to the end-effect. Therefore, the authors have studied an improvement of the force characteristics in a linear permanent magnet vernier motor, which is the type that has small magnets on both the stator and the mover. This paper, first, shows an investigation for reducing the cogging force and its results. Next, the cause of the pulsation force that arises in load running and its improvement are shown. As the result of the improvements, the good force characteristics that include only slight cogging and pulsation force have been obtained.
Adsorption of a single polymer chain on a surface: Effects of the potential range (2013)

We investigate the effects of the range of adsorption potential on the equilibrium behavior of a single polymer chain end-attached to a solid surface. The exact analytical theory for ideal lattice chains interacting with a planar surface via a box potential of depth U and width W is presented and compared to continuum model results and to Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method for self-avoiding chains on a simple cubic lattice. We show that the critical value U(c) corresponding to the adsorption transition scales as W(-1/ν), where the exponent ν=1/2 for ideal chains and ν≈3/5 for self-avoiding walks. Lattice corrections for finite W are incorporated in the analytical prediction of the ideal chain theory U(c)≈(π(2)/24)(W+1/2)(-2) and in the best-fit equation for the MC simulation data U(c)=0.585(W+1/2)(-5/3). Tail, loop, and train distributions at the critical point are evaluated by MC simulations for 1≤W≤10 and compared to analytical results for ideal chains and with scaling theory predictions. The behavior of a self-avoiding chain is remarkably close to that of an ideal chain in several aspects. We demonstrate that the bound fraction θ and the related properties of finite ideal and self-avoiding chains can be presented in a universal reduced form: θ(N,U,W)=θ(NU(c),U/U(c)). By utilizing precise estimations of the critical points we investigate the chain length dependence of the ratio of the normal and lateral components of the gyration radius. Contrary to common expectations this ratio attains a limiting universal value <R(g[perpendicular])(2)>/<R(g[parallel])(2)>=0.320±0.003 only at N~5000. Finite-N corrections for this ratio turn out to be of the opposite sign for W=1 and for W≥2. We also study the N dependence of the apparent crossover exponent φ(eff)(N). Strong corrections to scaling of order N(-0.5) are observed, and the extrapolated value φ=0.483±0.003 is found for all values of W. The strong correction to scaling effects found here explain why for smaller values of N, as used in most previous work, misleadingly large values of φ(eff)(N) were identified as the asymptotic value for the crossover exponent.
Strategies for catalytic octane enhancement in an FCC unit (1987)

Gasoline quality is largely determined by motor and research octane numbers. There is good correlation between octane number and the structure of the C{sub 5} to C{sub 12} hydrocarbons typically present in gasoline. For paraffins, octane number decreases as molecular weight increases with degree of branching. The same is true of olefins. Catalytic strategies for making high octane gasolines include decreasing the amount of higher molecular weight, less branched paraffins, isomerizing paraffins to a more highly branched product, and producing more olefins or aromatics. A number of catalytic processes in current use make use of these strategies, including reforming, isomerization, dimerization, alkylation and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). The subject of this paper is to discuss the catalytic strategies available to produce octane number in the FCC unit.