gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Almost factoriality of integral domains and Krull-like domains (2012)

Let D be an integral domain, D be the integral closure of D, and be a numerical semigroup with ‫ގ‬ 0 .Let t be the so-called t-operation on D. We will say that D is an AK-domain (resp., AUF-domain) if for each nonzero ideal ({a α }) of D, there exists a positive integer n = n({a α }) such that ({a n α }) t is t-invertible (resp., principal).In this paper, we study several properties of AK-domains and AUF-domains.Among other things, we show that if D ⊆ D is a bounded root extension, then D is an AK-domain (resp., AUFdomain) if and only if D is a Krull domain (resp., Krull domain with torsion t-class group) and D is t-linked under D. We also prove that if D is a Krull domain (resp., UFD) with char( D) = 0, then the (numerical) semigroup ring D[ ] is a nonintegrally closed AK-domain (resp., AUF-domain).
The Role of Central Hypersensitivity in the Determination of Intradiscal Mechanical Hyperalgesia in Discogenic Pain (2010)

Central hypersensitivity may influence intradiscal pain threshold, but with a modest quantitative impact. The diagnostic value of provocation discography is therefore not substantially impaired. Regional, but not generalized central hypersensitivity is dynamically modulated by ongoing peripheral nociceptive input.
Kinematographic Experiences (1936)

The first commercial showing of motion pictures in England was probably made by two men with six Edison peep-show Kinetoscopes installed in a shop in Old Broad Street, London, in 1894. Six duplicates of these devices (which had not been patented in England) were built in that year by Paul, and sixty machines during 1895. A camera having a cam-driven intermittent movement was also built in 1895 from a design by Paul and Acres, the latter an English photographer. Printing and developing equipment were developed to process the films made with the camera. In 1895 a second camera was constructed in which intermittency was achieved by means of a modified Geneva stop. The public interest shown in the Kinetoscope and its inadaptability for projection stimulated Paul late in 1895 to design a projector having an intermittent movement consisting of a seven-toothed starwheel. — Many interesting experiences in making and exhibiting pictures during 1896 and subsequent years are described. The first motion picture studio in Great Britain was designed and built by Paul in 1899 at Muswell Hill, North London. Trick films and scientific pictures were made there as well as other subjects. The project was closed about 1910 because it was regarded as too speculative as a side-line to instrument making.
The association between serum vitamin D, fertility and semen quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2019)

Our findings add to the existing literature supporting the concept that nutrition, especially vitamin D, plays an important role in men's sexual health. It should be noted that because of significant heterogeneity among the included studies, caution is warranted when interpreting the results. Further well-designed prospective cohort studies and clinical trials are needed for better understanding of the relationship between vitamin D and fertility and its components.
Demonstration and System Analysis of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production Using SOFCs (2016)

At the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, an integrated laboratory scale (ILS), 15 kW high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) facility has been developed under the U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative. Initial operation of this facility resulted in over 400 hours of operation with an average hydrogen production rate of approximately 0.9 Nm3/hr. The integrated laboratory scale facility is designed to address larger-scale issues such as thermal management (feed-stock heating, high-temperature gas handling), multiple-stack hot-zone design, multiple-stack electrical configurations, and other “integral” issues. Additionally, a reference process model of a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis plant for hydrogen production has been developed. The reference plant design is driven by a 600 megawatt thermal high-temperature helium-cooled reactor coupled to a direct Brayton power cycle. The electrolysis unit used to produce hydrogen consists of 4.01×106 cells with a per-cell active area of 225 cm2. A nominal cell area-specific resistance, ASR, value of 0.4 Ohm•cm2 with a current density of 0.25 A/cm2 was used, and isothermal boundary conditions were assumed. The overall system thermal-to-hydrogen production efficiency (based on the low heating value of the produced hydrogen) is 47.1% at a hydrogen production rate of 2.36 kg/s with the high-temperature helium-cooled reactor concept. This paper documents the initial operation of the ILS, with experimental details about heat-up, initial stack performance, as well as long-term operation and stack degradation. The paper will also present the optimized design for the reference nuclear-driven HTE hydrogen production plant which may be compared with other hydrogen production methods and power cycles to evaluate relative performance characteristics and plant economics.
Identification of xanthurenic acid 8- O -β- d -glucoside and xanthurenic acid 8- O -sulfate as human natriuretic hormones (2007)

Hormonal regulation of salt excretion and water balance by the kidneys is well documented. Before 1961, it was widely believed that the glomerular filtration rate and the steroid hormone aldosterone controlled sodium balance in the body. In 1961, deWardener et al. [de Wardener HE, Mills IH, Clapham WF, Hayter CJ (1961) Clin Sci 21:249-258] showed that when these two variables were controlled, the kidney was still able to increase sodium excretion in response to a salt load. Several lines of evidence argued for a small-molecule signal as a definitive modulator of sodium excretion by the kidney. However, the chemical nature of the suspected natriuretic agent remained unknown. Here we report the identification and natriuretic activity of two closely related small molecules isolated from human urine, xanthurenic acid 8-O-beta-d-glucoside and xanthurenic acid 8-O-sulfate. The two compounds were partially purified by activity-guided fractionation and subsequently identified by using NMR spectroscopic analyses of enriched active fractions. Both compounds caused substantial and sustained (1- to 2-h) natriuresis in rats and no or minimal concomitant potassium excretion. We believe these compounds constitute a class of kidney hormones that also could influence sodium transport in nonkidney tissues given that these tryptophan metabolites presumably represent evolutionarily old structures.
Learning structured behaviour models using variable length Markov models (2003)

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the modelling and recognition of human activities involving highly structured and semantically rich behaviour such as dance, aerobics, and sign language. A novel approach is presented for automatically acquiring stochastic models of the high-level structure of an activity without the assumption of any prior knowledge. The process involves temporal segmentation into plausible atomic behaviour components and the use of variable length Markov models for the efficient representation of behaviours. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the generation of realistic sample behaviours and evaluate the performance of models for long-term temporal prediction.
Aberration Correction for Free Space Optical Communications Using Rectangular Zernike Modal Wavefront Sensing (2014)

A time multiplexed rectangular Zernike modal wavefront sensor based on a nematic phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator and specially designed for a high power two-electrode tapered laser diode which is a compact and novel free space optical communication source is used in an adaptive beam steering free space optical communication system, enabling the system to have 1.25 GHz modulation bandwidth, 4.6° angular coverage and the capability of sensing aberrations within the system and caused by atmosphere turbulence up to absolute value of 0.15 waves amplitude and correcting them in one correction cycle. Closed-loop aberration correction algorithm can be implemented to provide convergence for larger and time varying aberrations. Improvement of the system signal-to-noise-ratio performance is achieved by aberration correction. To our knowledge, it is first time to use rectangular orthonormal Zernike polynomials to represent balanced aberrations for high power rectangular laser beam in practice.
Turbulent heat and particle flux response to electric field shear (1998)

Turbulent heat and particle fluxes are shown to have different responses to E×B shear flow in edge plasmas. Recent work has shown that E×B shear can affect the cross phase between electrostatic potential and pressure fluctuations as well as fluctuation levels, thus affecting the heat and particle fluxes. Resistive pressure gradient driven turbulence (RPGDT) is considered including a collisional electron temperature equation. While the particle flux is sensitive to moderate amounts of shear in the radial electric field, the heat flux is insensitive to moderate shear. In the collisional regime, the difference in the sensitivity of the heat and particle fluxes to E×B shear is due to the large parallel heat conductivity. The large parallel heat conductivity dominates the temperature response to electrostatic perturbations. In lower collisionality regimes, the difference in the dissipation rates between density and temperature is negligible, but other effects can still produce different responses in the heat and particle fluxes.
Numerical Simulation of Director Distribution in Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells with Weak Anchoring Boundaries (1997)

Abstract The general torque balance equations have been derived for the liquid crystal cells with weak anchoring boundaries by minimizing the bulk and surface free energy simultaneously [A. Sugimura, G. R. Luckhurst, and Z. Ou-Yang, Phys. Rev. E, 52, 681 (1995)]. The torque balance equations have been numerically solved to obtain the director distribution in the nematic liquid crystal cells with weak anchoring boundaries and the influence of the anchoring energy on the director distribution is elucidated.
Temperature- and pH-Responsive Dense Copolymer Brushes Prepared by ATRP (2008)

Dual responsive molecular brushes consisting of statistical copolymers of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO2MA) and either methacrylic acid (MAA) or N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) were synthesized by grafting from poly(2-(2-bromoisobutyroyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (PBIEM) macroinitiators using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Copolymer brushes with controlled composition and molecular weights ranging from Mn = 600 000 to 1 400 000 with polydispersity indexes (Mw/Mn) between 1.18 and 1.45 were obtained. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of MEO2MA-stat-MAA decreased with the increasing molar fraction of MAA in the copolymer in deionized water but increased in buffer solution at pH 7. At pH 9, the hydrophilicity of polymer increased with ionization of carboxylic acid to further raise the LCST. On the other hand, the LCST of MEO2MA-stat-DMAEMA copolymers increased with increasing DMAEMA content at pH 4, 7, and 9. A bottle-brush terpolymer prepared from all three comonomers exhibited LCST at pH 4 and 7 but not at pH 9, which can be attributed to the stronger ionization of MAA. The responsive nature of the copolymer is enhanced by the densely graft structure of a brush copolymer.
Molecular Electronic Transducer-Based Low-Frequency Accelerometer Fabricated With Post-CMOS Compatible Process Using Droplet as Sensing Body (2013)

This letter reports a low-frequency micro-accelerometer implementing a liquid-state sensing body, based on molecular electronic transducer (MET) in post-CMOS compatible microfabrication technology. The device employs a sub-microliter electrolyte droplet encapsulated in oil as the sensing body, and a MET electrode configuration as the sensing read-out mechanism. The promising and unique performance of the MET design allows the fabricated device to achieve 10.8 V/G(G=9.81 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) sensitivity at 20 Hz with nearly flat response over the frequency range from 1 to 50 Hz, and a low noise floor of 75 μG/√(Hz) at 20 Hz.
Cooperative Transmission Protocols Based on Decode-and-Forward Relaying and Multiuser Detection in CDMA Systems (2011)

Cooperative transmission protocols based on decode-and-forward (DF) relaying and multiuser detection (MUD) for the wireless uplink transmission in synchronous CDMA systems are proposed in this paper on the condition that channel state information (CSI) is available at the destination, as well to the relays. In order to mitigate the multiple access interference (MAI) due to the usage of non-orthogonal spreading codes, we develop minimum mean square error (MMSE) or parallel interference cancellation (PIC) multiuser detectors after matched filters at relays or destination and evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance. We discuss four kinds of protocols in this paper, which are multiuser detectors at relays, multiuser detector at destination, multiuser detectors at both relays and destination, without relay (direct transmission). The system performance is presented through Monte-Carlo simulations which are developed for different locations of relay and different number of sources to compare these protocols. Simulation results show that the protocol with MUD at both relays and destination achieves the best performance when SNR increases. Several protocols obtain lowest BER when the relay is close to a certain location and system performance degrades when the number of sources increases.
Identification of the Murine Coronavirus MP1 Cleavage Site Recognized by Papain-Like Proteinase 2 (2003)

The replicase polyprotein of murine coronavirus is extensively processed by three proteinases, two papain-like proteinases (PLPs), termed PLP1 and PLP2, and a picornavirus 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro). Previously, we established a trans-cleavage assay and showed that PLP2 cleaves the replicase polyprotein between p210 and membrane protein 1 (MP1) (A. Kanjanahaluethai and S. C. Baker, J. Virol. 74:7911-7921, 2000). Here, we report the results of our studies identifying and characterizing this cleavage site. To determine the approximate position of the cleavage site, we expressed constructs that extended various distances upstream from the previously defined C-terminal end of MP1. We found that the construct extending from the putative PLP2 cleavage site at glycine 2840-alanine 2841 was most similar in size to the processed MP1 replicase product generated in a trans-cleavage assay. To determine which amino acids are critical for PLP2 recognition and processing, we generated 14 constructs with amino acid substitutions upstream and downstream of the putative cleavage site and assessed the effects of the mutations in the PLP2 trans-cleavage assay. We found that substitutions at phenylalanine 2835, glycine 2839, or glycine 2840 resulted in a reduction in cleavage of MP1. Finally, to unequivocally identify this cleavage site, we isolated radiolabeled MP1 protein and determined the position of [(35)S]methionine residues released by Edman degradation reaction. We found that the amino-terminal residue of MP1 corresponds to alanine 2841. Therefore, murine coronavirus PLP2 cleaves the replicase polyprotein between glycine 2840 and alanine 2841, and the critical determinants for PLP2 recognition and processing occupy the P6, P2, and P1 positions of the cleavage site. This study is the first report of the identification and characterization of a cleavage site recognized by murine coronavirus PLP2 activity.
Reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines in fragile X syndrome (2020)

Our data show that FXS patients exhibit reduced serum levels of several chemokines and may therefore exhibit impaired immune responses. The present study also highlights the power of unsupervised clustering methods to identify combinations of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in medicine.
Efficient syntheses of (−)-crinine and (−)-aspidospermidine, and the formal synthesis of (−)-minfiensine by enantioselective intramolecular dearomative cyclization (2017)

Polycyclic alkaloids bearing all-carbon quaternary centers possess a diversity of biological activities and are challenging targets in natural product synthesis. The development of a general and asymmetric catalytic method applicable to the efficient syntheses of a series of complex polycyclic alkaloids remains highly desirable in synthetic chemistry. Herein we describe an efficient palladium-catalyzed enantioselective dearomative cyclization which is capable of synthesizing two important classes of tricyclic nitrogen-containing skeleton, chiral dihydrophenanthridinone and dihydrocarbazolone derivatives bearing all-carbon quaternary centers, in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The P-chiral monophosphorus ligand AntPhos is crucial for the reactivity and enantioselectivity, and the choice of the <i>N</i>-phosphoramide protecting group is essential for the desired chemoselectivity. This method has enabled the enantioselective total syntheses of three distinctive and challenging biologically important polycyclic alkaloids, specifically a concise and gram-scale synthesis of (-)-crinine, an efficient synthesis of indole alkaloid (-)-aspidospermidine and a formal enantioselective synthesis of (-)-minfiensine.
Analysis and design for paralleled three-port DC/DC converters with democratic current sharing control (2009)

This paper presents a current sharing (CS) control structure for three-port DC/DC converters. Unlike regular two-port converters, three-port converters necessitate that two of three ports to have CS control simultaneously so that the third port achieves CS by default. The parallel operation of three-port converters for space applications requires a reliable CS structure to provide uniform current distribution among the modules. Both output port CS and battery port CS are achieved by paralleling CS loop and voltage regulation loop together according to the democratically elected maximum current reference. Stability is the main challenge for three-port paralleled systems as the added CS loops should not interact with abundance of control loops. Decoupled network and bandwidth limitation assumption are applied to ensure minimum loop interactions. Small signal analysis is applied to assess CS performance and judge system stability. The proposed CS structure is tested and verified by an experimental prototype.
HOW TO MAKE THE HILL CIPHER SECURE (2000)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a symmetric cipher that is actually a variation of the Hill cipher. The new scheme makes use of “random” permutations of columns and rows of a matrix to form a “different” key for each data encryption. The cipher has matrix products and permutations as the only operations which may be performed “efficiently” by primitive operators, when the system parameters are carefully chosen.
The Wisconsin VUV/soft xray free election laser (2007)

The University of Wisconsin-Madison and its partners are developing a design for a free electron laser (FEL) facility operating in the VUV to soft X-ray range that will be proposed as a new multidisciplinary user facility. Key features of this facility include seeded, fully coherent output with tunable photon energy and polarization over the range 5-900 eV, and simultaneous, independent operation of multiple beamlines. The different beamlines will support a wide range of science from femto-chemistry requiring ultrashort pulses with kHz repetition rates to photoemission spectroscopy requiring high average flux and narrow bandwidth at MHz rates. The facility will take advantage of the flexibility, stability, and high average pulse rates available from a CW superconducting linac fed by a photoinjector. This unique facility is expected to enable new science through ultrahigh resolution in the time and frequency domains, as well as coherent imaging and nano-fabrication. This project is being developed through collaboration between the UW Synchrotron Radiation Center and MIT. We present an overview of the facility, including the motivating science, and its laser, accelerator, and experimental systems.
Identification of p10 as a neurotoxic product generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal Cdk5 activator (2010)

The involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) and p25, the proteolytic fragment of activator p35, has long been implicated in the development of neuron-fibrillary tangles (NFTs), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Findings in this area over the past decade have been highly controversial and inconclusive. Here we report unprecedented detection of endogenous p10, the smaller proteolytic fragment of the Cdk5 activator p35 in treated primary cortical neurons that underwent significant apoptosis, triggered by proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin, and protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (STS). p10 appeared exclusively in the detergent-resistant fraction made up of nuclear matrix, membrane-bound organelles, insoluble membrane proteins, and cytoskeletal components. Intriguingly, transient overexpression of p10 in neural cells induced apoptotic morphologies, suggesting that p10 may play an important role in mediating neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. We demonstrated for the first time that p10-mediated apoptosis occurred via a caspases-independent pathway. Furthermore, as p10 may contain the myristoylation signal for p35 which is responsible for binding p35 to several intracellular components and the membrane, all in all these novel results present that the accumulation of p10 to the detergent-insoluble fraction may be a crucial pathological event to triggering neuronal cell death.
Lemmas on Demand for the Extensional Theory of Arrays (2009)

The quantifier-free extensional theory of arrays T A plays an important role in hardware and software verification. In this article we present a novel decision procedure that refines formula abstractions with lemmas on demand. We consider the case wh
Microbial Transformations and Biological Effects of Fungicide-Derived Benzothiazoles Determined in Industrial Wastewater (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial Transformations and Biological Effects of Fungicide-Derived Benzothiazoles Determined in Industrial WastewaterThorsten. Reemtsma, Oliver. Fiehn, Guenter. Kalnowski, and Martin. JekelCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 2, 478–485Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00002a025https://doi.org/10.1021/es00002a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts