gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Reduced Complexity Soft-Output MIMO ML detection (2006)

In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels maximum likelihood (ML) detection is desirable to achieve high performance, but its complexity grows exponentially with the spectral efficiency. The current state of the art in MIMO detection is list decoding and lattice decoding. This paper proposes a new class of lattice detectors that combines some of the principles of both list and lattice decoding, thus resulting in an efficient parallelizable implementation and near optimal soft-ouput ML performance. The novel detector is called layered orthogonal lattice detector (LORD), because it adopts a new lattice formulation and relies on a channel orthogonalization process. It should be noted that the algorithm achieves optimal hard-output ML performance in case of two transmit antennas. For two transmit antennas max-log bit soft-output information can be generated and for greater than two antennas approximate max-log detection is achieved. Simulation results show that LORD, in MIMO system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is able to achieve very high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains compared to practical soft-output detectors such as minimum-mean square error (MMSE), in either linear or nonlinear iterative scheme. Besides, the performance comparison with hard-output decoded algebraic space time codes shows the fundamental importance of soft-output generation capability for practical wireless applications.
A minimal discrete model for toroidal moments and its experimental realization (2017)

It is well known that a closed loop of magnetic dipoles can give rise to the rather elusive toroidal moment. However, artificial structures required to generate the necessary magnetic moments in metamaterials are typically optically large, complex to make, and easily compromised by the kinetic inductance at high frequencies. Instead of using magnetic dipoles, we propose a minimal model based on just three aligned discrete electric dipoles in which the occurrence of resonant toroidal modes is guaranteed by symmetry. The advantage of this model is its simplicity and the same model supports toroidal moments from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies as exemplified by a three-antenna array and a system consisting of three nanosized plasmonic particles. Both the microwave and high-frequency configurations exhibit nonradiating ``anapoles.'' Experiments in the microwave regime confirm the theoretical predictions.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Methods of Internal Fixation of the Distal Humerus (1994)

The best results following fractures of the distal humerus are provided by anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation. Plates of two designs placed in five different fixation configurations were used to determine the construct that would maximize rigidity of fixation of the distal humerus. Using a cadaver distal humerus osteotomy, with and then without cortical contact, motion of the distal fragment was measured with respect to the proximal fragment in axial and torsional loading, anterior to posterior and posterior to anterior bending, and lateral to medial and medial to lateral bending. With cortical contact, two plates when placed medial and lateral or at 90 degrees to each other provided equivalent rigidity. However, with a cortical gap, the combination of a specially designed anatomic lateral buttress "J" plate and a medial reconstruction plate gave the greatest rigidity (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Two-plate constructs do not require placement at 90 degrees to obtain sufficient rigidity, but do require placement on separate bony pillars and different surfaces.
Bat-Associated Histoplasmosis in Returning Travelers: Case Presentation and Description of a Cluster (1999)

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus with the mycelial form producing spores that are readily airborne and able to reach small bronchi and alveoli. Isolation of the mycelial form of H. capsulatum in nature shows a striking correlation with moist, acidic soils, frequently contaminated with bird or bat excreta. Bats, but not birds, may be infected by H. capsulatum and may excrete the fungus in their feces. Skin test surveys show that the infectious agent is present worldwide in the areas between 45 degrees north and 30 degrees south of the equator. Clusters of cases may occur because of the disturbance of soil contaminated with H. capsulatum, or by visiting bat caves. Cave-associated histoplasmosis has been reported from the Americas, Africa, Oceania, and Africa. Recently, cave-associated histoplasmosis has been reported in travelers returning from Costa Rica and Peru. We report a cluster of cave-associated acute histoplasmosis that occurred in college students returning from Ecuador. Advice regarding histoplasmosis prevention should be given to travelers planning to visit bat-infested caves, and histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness in returning travelers with a history of epidemiologic or geographic exposure.
Kinetics of oxidation of 3-[2-(1,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thio]-1,4,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolium by 1,4-benzoquinones: evidence for a hydride-transfer pathway (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of oxidation of 3-[2-(1,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thio]-1,4,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolium by 1,4-benzoquinones: evidence for a hydride-transfer pathwayM. P. YoungbloodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 24, 6987–6992Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00310a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00310a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlation between Dispersivity of Charge Transport and Holographic Response Time in an Organic Photorefractive Glass (2000)

We report on photoelectric and holographic investigations of an organic photorefractive material based on a low molar mass glass with both photoconductive and nonlinear optical properties. By implementing a suitable plasticizer we obtained a composite system which shows extremely fast initial response times down to 450 μs at writing beam intensities of Iwrite = 10.8 W/cm2 and 2.5 ms at the canonical intensity of Iwrite = 1 W/cm2. Furthermore, high refractive index modulations up to Δn = 6.1 × 10-3, long lifetimes and high optical quality of the samples are observed. In comparison to a second similar composite system, which was plasticized by a more polar dopand, we demonstrate the crucial role of this functional constituent on the photoelectric properties. Time-of-flight measurements show a major impact of the plasticizer on the dispersivity of charge-carrier transport. Subsequently the buildup and decay dynamics of the photorefractive grating are substantially affected. Holographic time-of-flight measurements confirm these observations.
INTRAMEDULLARY ROD FIXATION COMPARED WITH BLADE-PLATE-AND-SCREW FIXATION FOR TIBIOTALOCALCANEAL ARTHRODESIS (2003)

Blade-plate fixation is biomechanically superior to intramedullary fixation for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.
Helicon wave excitation with helical antennas (1995)

Components of the wave magnetic field in a helicon discharge have been measured with a single-turn, coaxial magnetic probe. Left- and right-handed helical antennas, as well as plane-polarized antennas, were used; and the results were compared with the field patterns computed for a nonuniform plasma. The results show that the right-hand circularly polarized mode is preferentially excited with all antennas, even those designed to excite the left-hand mode. For right-hand excitation, the radial amplitude profiles are in excellent agreement with computations.
An Evaluation of the Cell-Dyn 3200 for Counting Cells in Cerebrospinal and Other Body Fluids (2005)

This study compared the white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts obtained with the Cell-Dyn 3200 (CD 3200) with results obtained by hemocytometer, the reference method for counting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other body fluid specimens. Ninety-six CSF and 65 body fluid specimens were evaluated. Background counts were maintained on the CD 3200 at 0.001 x 10(9)/L and 0.00 x 10(12)/L for WBC and RBC counts, respectively. Linearity and precision were acceptable for both the total nucleated cell (TNC) count and the RBC count. The CD 3200 WBC optical count was correlated with the TNC count obtained by the manual reference method for CSF specimens across the range of 0 x 10(9 )/L to 7.863 x 10(9)/L (r2 = 0.9867) and for body fluid specimens across the range of 0 x 10(9)/L to 14.0 x 10(9)/L (r2 = 0.9955). An r2 value of 0.9016 was obtained for the 82 CSF specimens with manual TNC counts of <0.200 x 10(9)/L. Analysis of the CSF and body fluid specimens indicated that automated RBC counts could be reported at > or = 0.003 x 10(12)/L. In this study, 7 CSF and 30 body fluid specimens had RBC counts of >0.003 x 10(12)/L, and there was good agreement with manual RBC counts, with r2 values of 0.9893 and 0.9960 obtained for CSF and other body fluids, respectively. The CD 3200 in our experience has a lower reportable range than the ranges of most automated cell counters reported in the literature. In contrast to the only other instrument with comparable reportable ranges, the CD 3200 requires a smaller sample volume without any special sample preparation, reagents, or software. By using the CD 3200 with our laboratory-specific rules for agreement between duplicate counts, we would be able to reduce our manual CSF specimen counts from 192 TNC and 192 RBC counts to 2 TNC and 178 RBC counts. For body fluid specimens, our manual counts would be reduced from 130 TNC and 130 RBC counts to 10 TNC and 4 RBC counts.
Efficient protocols for in vitro regeneration of Pennisetum glaucum (L) Br. (2006)

A system was developed for in vitro regeneration of Pennisetum glaucum through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Mature embryo and leaf base explants of Pennisetum glaucum (L) Br. cv HH B60 (Poaceae) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog agar medium supplemented with 11.3 microM of 2,4-D for callus induction. Embryogenic calli were induced within eight weeks. Percentage of callus induction and somatic embryogenesis was significantly higher in mature embryo than leaf base explants. Maximum shoot regeneration was obtained via organogenesis on MS medium supplemented with 4.43 microM of BAP and 4.64 microM of kinetin from the calli of both the explants. The frequency of plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was comparatively lower than organogenesis. Regeneration frequency was higher in mature embryo explants than leaf base explants. The shoots regenerated via organogenesis were elongated and rooted efficiently on MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.49 microM). The rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil.
17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibition: Discovery of Selective and Metabolically Stable Compounds Inhibiting Both the Human Enzyme and Its Murine Ortholog (2015)

Design and synthesis of a new class of inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis and its comparative h17β-HSD2 and m17β-HSD2 SAR study are described. 17a is the first compound to show strong inhibition of both h17β-HSD2 and m17β-HSD2, intracellular activity, metabolic stability, selectivity toward h17β-HSD1, m17β-HSD1 and estrogen receptors α and β as well as appropriate physicochemical properties for oral bioavailability. These properties make it eligible for pre-clinical animal studies, prior to human studies.
Automated extraction of retinal vasculature (2016)

By expressing retinal vasculature as a series of connected points, the proposed algorithm not only provides a means to edit segmentation but also gives knowledge of the shape of the blood vessels and their connections.
Chemical and biological investigations of <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> L. essential oil from Benin (2012)

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from seeds of Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) growing in Benin was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-one components, which represented 99.4% of the total constituents of the oil were identified. The essential oil is rich in hydrocarbons monoterpenic. The major constituents found were eugenol (60.4%), trans-&#946;-caryophyllene (24.0%). The oil extract revealed an important antiradical activity and a high antimicrobial activity.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, antiradical activity, essential oil, eugenol, trans-&#946;-caryophyllene, Syzygium aromaticum
ANGPTL3 Inhibition With Evinacumab Results in Faster Clearance of IDL and LDL apoB in Patients With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia—Brief Report (2021)

[Figure: see text].
Polysaccharide Hydrogels for the Preparation of Immunoisolated Cell Delivery Systems (2006)

In the last decades, the rapid advances in the understanding of the role of proteins and peptides in several diseases have propelled them as therapeutic entities. Protein delivery is a challenge and one of the new approaches to their administration is to implant cells producing the therapeutic protein of interest. However, the grafted cells or tissues have to overcome immunological defences of the organism. Cell microencapsulation is one of the most promising avenues to protect cells from immune rejection, while permitting their survival alongwith the protein secretion activity without deleterious effects of immunosuppressant drugs. Polysaccharides (PS) have been retained as biomaterial to prepare such devices, in a variety of applications because of their ability to form non-toxic and biocompatible hydrogels which can show desired properties for cell immunoisolation such as selective permeability and soft surfaces identical to, or mimicking natural biological extracellular matrices. This chapter will address the main classes of natural and modified PS used in this field and will discuss different issues in regard to particular applications. The performances of the encapsulation systems are largely dictated by the physicochemical properties of the PS, such as sugar monomer composition, primary and secondary structure, degree and nature of substitutions, type of gel crosslinking, as well as microbead preparation techniques. However, all the current microencapsulation technologies display limitations particularly on long-term performances. A new approach is thus portrayed based on amylopectin hydrogel microencapsulation. With this new technique, the gel forming and encapsulation steps are dissociated, allowing use of a wider range of gel forming methods and biomaterials as well as complete capsule characterization before cell encapsulation.
w4‐Mutable line in soybean (1989)

Abstract An unstable mutation for anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean (Giycine max [L.] Merr.) was identified in 1983. The mutability is conditioned by an allele at the w4 locus that is recessive to wild type. The population containing the mutable allele is known as the w4‐mutable line. Most plants in the line have chimeric flowers with purple sectors on a near‐white background. The mutable allele yields germinal revertants at a rate that varies from 5 to 10% per generation, and the revertant alleles are stable. Approximately 1% of the progenies derived from germinal revertant plants contain mutations at other loci These features, as well as the occurrence of pale flower phenotypes and changes of state, suggest that a transposable element system is producing the unstable phenotype. Several new mutants were isolated in an experiment designed to tag loci. The first three chlorophyll‐deficient mutants found (CD‐1, CD‐2, and CD‐3) are inherited as single‐gene recessives. Each of the mutants lacks the same two mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) bands. No recombination has been detected between the MDH phenotype and the chlorophyll‐deficient phenotype. Genetic data indicate that the three mutants are allelic, and additional evidence suggests that each of the CD mutants is the result of a deletion. In the CD‐1, CD‐2, and CD‐3 mutants, the deletions result in the silencing of an MDH locus, atypical chloroplast development, and an altered chlorophyll composition. Additional mutants for root necrosis, partial and near sterility, chlorophyll deficiency, and flower color isolated from the transposon tagging study have provided material for future research.
Modularity For Decidability Of Deductive Verification With Applications To Distributed Systems (2018)

This is the artifact of the paper. Its a compressed virtual machine that can be imported by VirtualBox. Abstract of the paper: Proof automation can substantially increase productivity in formal verification of complex systems. However, unpredictablility of automated provers in handling quantified formulas presents a major hurdle to usability of these tools. We propose to solve this problem not by improving the provers, but by using a modular proof methodology that allows us to produce \emph{decidable} verification conditions. Decidability greatly improves predictability of proof automation, resulting in a more practical verification approach. We apply this methodology to develop verified implementations of distributed protocols, demonstrating its effectiveness.
A cell free antigen processing system identifies immunodominant epitopes (78.19) (2009)

Abstract T cell-mediated responses to protein antigen involve recognition of selected antigenic peptides bound to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. Proteolytic digestion of protein antigens during antigen processing generates many peptide fragments that can potentially bind to MHC molecules. However, only few selected antigenic epitopes induce T cell responses, defined as "immunodominant". Identifying immunodominant epitopes from a given antigen has wide applications in development of peptide vaccines and therapies against infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and allergy. Currently available methods are not efficient in elucidating CD4+ T cell epitopes. Here, we provide a novel approach for identifying the immunodominant epitopes from protein antigens using a cell-free MHC class II antigen-processing assay. Two different novel antigens, Hemagglutinin (HA1) of the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) virus, and a recombinant form of Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA-NRC) were used to evaluate our assay. HLA-DR1 restricted epitopes from both proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and were tested for their ability to activate T cells in HLA-DR1 tg mice. We observed that the identified epitopes were indeed immunodominant as CD4+ T cells from mice immunized with the proteins proliferated and produced cytokines upon challenge with the identified epitopes at levels comparable to the whole protein. This cell-free assay provides a useful tool for identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes for specific MHC class II alleles.
Neuroanatomical basis of the nerve growth factor ovulation–induction pathway in llamas† (2020)

The objective of the study was to characterize the anatomical framework and sites of action of the nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated ovulation-inducing system of llamas. The expression patterns of NGF and its receptors in the hypothalamus of llamas (n = 5) were examined using single and double immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. We also compare the expression pattern of the P75 receptor in the hypothalamus of llama and a spontaneous ovulator species (sheep, n = 5). Both NGF receptors (TrkA and P75) were highly expressed in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca, and populations of TrkA cells were observed in the periventricular and dorsal hypothalamus. Unexpectedly, we found NGF immunoreactive cell bodies with widespread distribution in the hypothalamus but not in areas endowed with NGF receptors. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the median eminence displayed immunoreactivity for P75. Double immunofluorescence using vimentin, a marker of tanycytes, confirmed that tanycytes were immunoreactive to P75 in the median eminence and in the OVLT. Additionally, tanycytes were in close association with GnRH and kisspeptin in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of llamas. The choroid plexus of llamas contained TrkA and NGF immunoreactivity but no P75 immunoreactivity. Results of the present study demonstrate sites of action of NGF in the llama hypothalamus, providing support for the hypothesis of a central effect of NGF in the ovulation-inducing mechanism in llamas.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Efficient Method for Catalytic Hydrolysis of Thioglycoside. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Temperature dependence and origin of InP(100) reflectance anisotropy down to 20 K (2001)

InP(100) surfaces were investigated by reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) in the temperature range between 20 and 840 K. Surfaces were prepared via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) resulting in P-terminated $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$-like and In-terminated $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ reconstructions. Additionally, intermediate states of different phosphorus coverage were prepared. RA spectra were recorded both inside the MOCVD reactor and in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. At low temperatures, features in the RA spectra sharpened significantly due to the reduced lattice vibrations and electron-phonon interactions. The temperature-dependent energy shift of specific RAS features was determined between 20 and 840 K, and fitted with a model containing the Bose-Einstein occupation factor for phonons. The respective fitting parameters were compared to those of the InP bulk critical-point transitions nearby. Careful data analysis provided evidence for surface transitions and surface modified bulk transitions in the RA spectra.