gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid methods for robust image matching and its application in augmented reality (2014)

This thesis presents new matching algorithms that work robustly in challenging situations. Image matching is a fundamental and challenging problem in vision community due to varied sensing techniques and imaging conditions. While it is almost impossible to find a general method that is optimized for all uses, we focus on those matching problems that are related to augmented reality (AR). Many AR applications have been developed on portable devices, but most are limited to indoor environments within a small workspace because their matching algorithms are not robust out of controlled conditions. ? The first part of the thesis describes 2D to 2D image matching problems. Existing robust features are not suited for AR applications due to their computational cost. A fast matching scheme is applied to such features to increase matching speed by up to 10 times without sacrificing their robustness. Lighting variations can often cause match failures in outdoor environments. It is a challenging problem because any change in illumination causes unpredicted changes in image intensities. Some features have been specially designed to be lighting invariant. While these features handle linear or monotonic changes, they are not robust to more complex changes. This thesis presents a line?based feature that is robust to complex and large illumination variations. Both feature detector and descriptor are described in more detail. ? The second part of the thesis describes image sequence matching with 3D point clouds. Feature?based matching becomes more challenging due to different structures between 2D and 3D data. The features extracted from one type of data are usually not repeatable in the other. An ICP?like method that iteratively aligns an image with a 3D point cloud is presented. While this method can be used to calculate the pose for a single frame, it is not efficient to apply it for all frames in the sequence. Once the first frame pose is obtained, the poses for subsequent frames can be tracked from 2D to 3D point correspondences. It is observed that not all points on LiDAR are suitable for tracking. A simple and efficient method is used to remove unstable LiDAR points and identify features on frames that are robust in the tracking process. With the above methods, the poses can be calculated more stably for the whole sequence. ? With provided solutions to above challenging problems, we have applied our methods in an AR system. We describe each step in building up such a system from data collections and preprocessing, to pose calculations and trackings. The presented system is shown to be robust and promising for most AR?based applications.
Use of Bayesian Optimization to Understand the Structure of Nuclei (2021)

Monte Carlo simulations are widely used in nuclear physics to model experimental systems. In cases where there are significant unknown quantities, such as energies of states, an iterative process of simulating and fitting is often required to describe experimental data. We describe a Bayesian approach to fitting experimental data, designed for data from a $^{12}$Be(d,p) reaction measurement, using simulations made with GEANT4. Q-values from the $^{12}$C(d,p) reaction to well-known states in $^{13}$C are compared with simulations using BayesOpt. The energies of the states were not included in the simulation to reproduce the situation for $^{13}$Be where the states are poorly known. Both cases had low statistics and significant resolution broadening owing to large proton energy losses in the solid deuterium target. Excitation energies of the lowest three excited states in $^{13}$C were extracted to better than 90 keV, paving a way for extracting information on $^{13}$Be.
Density and Expansivity of Solid Xenon (1962)

Lattice parameters, densities, and thermal expansion coefficients of polycrystalline xenon are reported for the temperature range from 5.5° to 75°K. A value of 6.1317±0.0005 Å is obtained for the lattice parameter extrapolated to 0°K. Preferred orientation and annealing effects in frozen gases are discussed briefly with reference to matrix isolation methods.
Energy Efficient Visible Light Communications Relying on Amorphous Cells (2016)

In this paper, we design an energy efficient indoor visible light communications (VLC) system from a radically new perspective based on an amorphous user-to-network association structure. Explicitly, this intriguing problem is approached from three inter-linked perspectives, considering the cell formation, link-level transmission and system-level optimisation, critically appraising the related optical constraints. To elaborate, apart from proposing hitherto unexplored amorphous cells (A-Cells), we employ a powerful amalgam of asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) and transmitter pre-coding aided multi-input single-output (MISO) transmission. As far as the overall system-level optimisation is concerned, we propose a low-complexity solution dispensing with the classic Dinkelbach's algorithmic structure. Our numerical study compares a range of different cell formation strategies and investigates diverse design aspects of the proposed A-Cells. Specifically, our results show that the A-Cells proposed are capable of achieving a much higher energy efficiency per user compared to that of the conventional cell formation for a range of practical field of views (FoVs) angles.
Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit (2020)

Declining life expectancy and increasing all-cause mortality in the United States have been associated with unhealthy behaviors, socioecological factors, and preventable disease. A growing body of basic science, clinical research, and population health evidence points to the benefits of healthy behaviors, environments and policies to maintain health and prevent, treat, and reverse the root causes of common chronic diseases. Similarly, innovations in research methodologies, standards of evidence, emergence of unique study cohorts, and breakthroughs in data analytics and modeling create new possibilities for producing biomedical knowledge and clinical translation. To understand these advances and inform future directions research, The Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit was convened at the University of Pittsburgh on December 4-5, 2019. The Summit's goal was to review current status and define research priorities in the six core areas of lifestyle medicine: plant-predominant nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, addictive behaviors, and positive psychology/social connection. Forty invited subject matter experts (1) reviewed existing knowledge and gaps relating lifestyle behaviors to common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, many cancers, inflammatory- and immune-related disorders and other conditions; and (2) discussed the potential for applying cutting-edge molecular, cellular, epigenetic and emerging science knowledge and computational methodologies, research designs, and study cohorts to accelerate clinical applications across all six domains of lifestyle medicine. Notably, federal health agencies, such as the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration have begun to adopt "whole-person health and performance" models that address these lifestyle and environmental root causes of chronic disease and associated morbidity, mortality, and cost. Recommendations strongly support leveraging emerging research methodologies, systems biology, and computational modeling in order to accelerate effective clinical and population solutions to improve health and reduce societal costs. New and alternative hierarchies of evidence are also be needed in order to assess the quality of evidence and develop evidence-based guidelines on lifestyle medicine. Children and underserved populations were identified as prioritized groups to study. The COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacts people with chronic diseases that are amenable to effective lifestyle medicine interventions, makes the Summit's findings and recommendations for future research particularly timely and relevant.
Non-coherent multi-user detection of DPSK signals after differential demodulation (2013)

Differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) is commonly associated with a loss in performance when compared to coherent demodulation of PSK signals. Because DPSK avoids the problem of phase tracking, the performance loss may be deemed acceptable. When two or more users transmit simultaneously, such as in a frequency-hopping (FH) system with non-orthogonal hopping patterns, single-user differential demodulation cannot guarantee selecting the most probable hard decision for each symbol. In this paper, we consider the performance when collisions occur. For our technique, we first derive the resulting signal constellation from performing differential demodulation. Conditioned on that, and assuming knowledge of phase difference between the users, the optimal multi-user detection (MUD) algorithm is derived and analyzed to bound the performance of non-coherent demodulation. Based on the analysis, a sub-optimal 2-user MUD algorithm that requires no phase information is proposed and shown to attain significant performance improvement over single-user detection (SUD).
A pharmacological and mutagenic approach to dissecting the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to ozone. (2003)

The pollutant tropospheric ozone can cause reductions in crop yield and damage to forests. Ozone and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from ozone are implicated in cell death and visible injury in plants. Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with the photoprotein apoaequorin have been used to investigate changes in cytosolic free calcium [Ca2+]cyt following exposure to ozone. Ozone causes elevations in [Ca2+]cyt in a dose dependent manner inducing a characteristic ‘calcium signature’. This consists of an initial peak in calcium of short duration followed by a second prolonged increase. The amplitude and duration of the second phase of [Ca2+]cyt elevations increase with ozone concentration. Ozone and other oxidative stresses initiate plant defence responses, however the signalling pathways involved are poorly understood. Here a pharmacological analysis of the initiation of the calcium signature and subsequent induction of antioxidant gene glutathione-S-transferase tau 5 (GSTU5) in response to ozone has been undertaken. The calcium specific inhibitors lanthanum and ruthenium red and the calcium chelator EGTA have been used prior to fumigation with ozone. In each case the calcium signature was altered, with a reduction in the first and second phase of calcium release. Inhibitors of other signalling molecules and components of signalling pathways have also been used. Additionally to further our understanding of the sources of calcium involved in the adaptive response of plants to ozone a mutagenic approach has also been undertaken. The calcium transport mutant ACA3, also transformed with apoaequorin, was treated with ozone to establish whether disruption of calcium transport within the plasma membrane affects the plant’s ability to respond to ozone.
Modélisation et conception de circuits à base de mémoires non-volatiles résistives innovantes (2013)

Les limites rencontrees par les dernieres generations de memoires Flash et DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) necessitent la recherche de nouvelles variables physiques (autres que la charge et la tension), de nouveaux dispositifs ainsi que de nouvelles architectures de circuits. Plusieurs dispositifs a resistance variable sont tres prometteurs. Parmi eux, les OxRRAMs (Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory) et les CBRAMs (Conductive Bridge Random Access Memory) sont de serieux candidats pour la prochaine generation de memoire dense. Ce travail se concentre donc sur le role des memoires resistives (OxRRAM et CBRAM) dans les memoires embarquees et plus particulierement dans les FPGAs. Pour cela, nous avons developpe un modele compact, outil indispensable a la conception de circuits integres. Ensuite, nous avons concus de nouveaux circuits non volatiles tels que des flips-flops (NVFF), des tables de correspondance (NVLUT), des commutateurs 2x2 ainsi que des SRAMs (NVSRAM). Ces structures ont finalement ete simulees dans le cas d’un FPGA, afin de verifier l’impact de celles-ci sur la surface, le delai ainsi que la puissance. Nous avons compare les resultats pour un FPGA a base de NVLUTs utilisant une structure 1T-2R composee de CBRAMs par rapport a un FPGA plus classique utilisant des SRAMs. Nous reduisons ainsi la taille de 5%, la consommation de 18% et ameliorons la vitesse de fonctionnement de 24%. La these aborde la modelisation compacte, la conception des circuits, et l’evaluation de systemes incluant des memoires resistives.
The movement in field modeling (1985)

The different ways of considering the movement in field equations are first presented. Then the proposed methods and the accuracy of the obtained results are illustrated by simulation examples.
A novel phase-only method for shaped beam synthesis and adaptive nulling (2003)

A new method for phase-only synthesis of linear array antennas is proposed. The phase distribution of the array excitation can be described by a weighted sum of proper basis functions. By optimizing the weights of this sum, rather than the phase of each element, the problem becomes almost independent of the size of the array. The present work shows that with this method both beam shaping and interference nulling can be achieved. The very fast convergence of the optimization makes it suitable even for real-time applications.
Numerical simulation and experimental studies of longitudinally excited miniature solid-state lasers (1988)

We present a numerical model for the transient response of a longitudinally pumped miniature solid-state laser. The model is suitable for both regenerative amplifiers and oscillators, provided the latter run in a single mode. The results of our calculations compare well with measurements of the peak output powers and pulse widths for a Nd:YAG rod pumped by a ten-stripe diode laser array. Our model predicts saturation at peak powers of approximately twice the 850 mW reported here due to filling of the lower laser level. To overcome this power limitation due to saturation, we also explore the use of miniature Nd:glass laser amplifiers to boost the single-frequency Nd:YAG pulses to powers exceeding 200 W.
The Sigma 1 Receptor Antagonist CM304 Potentiates the Antinociceptive but not the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist THC in Rats (2020)

Opioid overdose is one of the leading causes of death in the United States in people under 50 years, which has resulted in a decline in life expectancy in the United States. Thus, there is a need for an alternative to prescription mu‐opioid agonists for pain treatment. Delta (9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid (CB) agonist, has been shown to produce antinociceptive effects albeit less effectively than mu‐opioid receptor agonists. Sigma 1 receptor (σ 1 R) antagonists in combination with THC may provide a viable and safe pharmacological alternative to prescription opioids for pain treatment. The present study compared the pharmacological effects of the σ 1 R antagonist CM304 alone and in combination with THC in Sprague Dawley rats. Hotplate latency was determined at 52°C followed by rectal temperature measurement and the drugs were administered intravenously (i.v.) and in cumulative doses every 5 min. THC dose‐dependently increased maximum possible effects (MPEs) up to 84% which were reversed by 10 mg/kg rimonabant (cannabinoid CB 1 receptor antagonist). CM304 alone up to a dose of 10 mg/kg did not produce significant antinociceptive or hypothermic effects, but CM304 (1.0 and 3.2 mg/kg, i.v.) dose‐dependently left‐shifted the dose‐effect functions of the antinociceptive (7.3‐fold at 3.2 mg/kg CM304) and hypothermic effects of THC. In rats discriminating 3.2 mg/kg THC i.p. from vehicle under a fixed ratio (FR) 10 schedule of food delivery, the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor agonist CP55,940 fully substituted for THC, whereas CM304 i.p. produced a maximum of 27 % THC‐lever responding at 17.8 mg/kg. CM304, at doses of 32 and 56 mg/kg, decreased response rate to 24 and 9 %, respectively. No dose of BD1063 (σ 1 R antagonist), rimonabant, SR144528 (cannabinoid CB 2 receptor antagonist), morphine (μ‐opioid receptor agonist), or naltrexone (opioid antagonist) produced greater than 30% THC‐lever responding. Pretreatment with rimonabant (1.78 mg/kg) produced a rightward shift in the dose effect curve of THC (4.5‐fold) and CP55940 (4.5‐fold) while pretreatment with CM304, BD1063, SR144528, and naltrexone had no significant effect on the dose effect curve of THC. The present results may support the development of a σ 1 R antagonist as an adjunct to cannabinoids for treatment of acute pain without enhancing an undesirable side effect of THC. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse grants DA23205 and DA48353.
Role of enteric nerves in immune-mediated changes in protease-activated receptor 2 effects on gut function (2010)

This is the first study to demonstrate an immune regulation of PAR(2) expression that impacts both smooth muscle and epithelial cell responses to PAR(2) agonists. Differences in responses between smooth muscle and epithelial cells are related to the contribution of enteric nerves. These data provide a mechanism by which activation of PAR(2) in immune-based pathologies can induce both transient and long-lasting changes in gut function.
A Facile Synthesis of 2-Amino-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl and 2,2′-Diamino-1,1′-binaphthyl by Oxidative Coupling Using Copper(II) Chloride (1991)

Oxidative coupling of a 1:1 mixture of 2-naphthol (1) and 2-naphthylamine (2) by means of copper(II) chloride in the presence of benzylamine gives the cross-coupled product 3 (2-amino-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl) in 68% yield while copper(II) chloride itself yields mainly the homo-coupled diamine 4 (2,2′-diamino-1,1′-binaphthyl) in 33% yield. Pure 4 was prepared by oxidation of 2-naphthylamine (2) using (PhCH2NH2)4CUCl2 in 58% yield.
Why Do Five Ga+ Cations Form a Ligand‐Stabilized [Ga5]5+ Pentagon and How Does a 5:1 Salt Pack in the Solid State? (2019)

Abstract The reaction of the Ga + source [Ga(PhF) 2 ] + [Al(OR F ) 4 ] − with the neutral σ‐donor ligand dmap (4‐Me 2 N‐C 6 H 4 N) produces the unexpectedly large and fivefold positively charged cluster cation salt [Ga 5 (dmap) 10 ] 5+ ([Al(OR F ) 4 ] − ) 5 . It includes a regular and planar Ga 5 pentagon with strong metal–metal bonding. Additionally, the compound represents the first salt in which an ionic 1:5 packing is realized. We discuss the nature of this structure which results from the conversion of the non‐bonding 4s 2 lone‐pair orbitals into fully Ga‐Ga‐bonding orbitals and the solid‐state arrangement of the ions constituting the lattice as an almost orthohexagonal AX 5 lattice, possibly the aristotype of any 5:1 salt.
The Steady-State and Decay Characteristics of Primary Fluorescence from Live Bacteria (1987)

The intrinsic steady-state fluorescence and fluorescence decay of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis have been observed. Excitation spectra were obtained while emission at 430, 455, 487 and 514 nm was being monitored. Emission spectra were obtained with the use of excitation wavelengths of 340, 365, 405, 430 and 460 nm. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured at 430, 487, and 514 nm while selective excitation was caused at 340, 405, and 430 nm. The complex nature of the excitation and emission spectra reflects the presence of a number of different fluorophores. Attempts have been made to describe portions of the bacterial fluorescence in terms of the measured fluorescence properties including lifetimes of molecular components known for their widespread occurrence in bacteria and their relatively high quantum yields. Candidate fluorophores which have been considered include the pteridines, the structurally related flavins, and the pyridine coenzymes. The observation that characteristic sets of lifetimes have been obtained for each organism suggests that measurements of fluorescence lifetimes may be helpful in the rapid characterization of bacteria. Results are especially definitive in cases such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, where one marker fluorophore, a pteridine, is produced in large amounts.
Impact of Process-Related Flux Contamination on the Electronics Reliability Issues Under Detrimental Climatic Conditions (2019)

The reliability issues faced by modern electronic devices are inherently related to the non-optimized manufacturing process, which leaves behind a substantial amount of soldering residues of an aggressive nature. The use of flux systems for soldering purposes is vital, however, upon exposure of the device to harsh climatic conditions, it can result in the compromised corrosion reliability of the Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) due to the corrosive nature of the flux system. In this paper, the behavior of reflow process-related solder flux residues was investigated. The evolutions of potentially corrosive flux components from the soldered pads exposed to high humidity and temperature conditions was studied as a function of exposure climate and solder paste type using the acidity indication gel test. Changes in the filmformer morphology due to the climatic exposure were visualized using light optical and scanning electron microscopy, and correlated to the observations from the gel test. Quantification of the residue level was performed using the conductivity measurements. Results show that evolution of acidic residues from the reflow-soldered pads occurs upon exposure to high temperature and humidity levels. The exposure time defines the extent of evolution, and it was found to be typically directly proportional.
Identification and synthesis of new process impurities of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker (2023)

Abstract Amlodipine belongs to the class of calcium channel blocker that is used to reduce high blood pressure (hypertension). Two related substances of amlodipine namely 3‐(2‐[1.3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2 H ‐isoindol‐2‐yl]ethyl)‐5‐methyl‐(4RS)‐4(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐([2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2 H ‐isoin‐dol‐2‐yl)ethoxy]methyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate ( 11 ) and 3‐([2‐aminoethyl]‐5‐aminoethoxy)‐4‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐6‐methylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate ( 12 ) were identified. The present work describes the origin, synthesis, and characterization of these related substances.
Impact of MAI and channel estimation errors on the performance of Rake receivers in UWB communications (2005)

The performance of Rake receivers for ultrawide-bandwidth communications is discussed, taking into account the effects of multiple access interference (MAI) and channel estimation errors. Two alternative signaling formats are considered: time-hopping pulse-position modulation (TH-PPM) and TH pulse-amplitude modulation (TH-PAM). The channel exhibits multipath propagation and its impulse response is either assumed known or is estimated with least squares methods. Computer simulations show that, even with perfect channel knowledge (PCK), TH-PAM is superior to TH-PPM. The superiority increases with the number of users and becomes substantial in the presence of channel estimation errors. An intuitive explanation of this fact is provided.
Control of eight predominant Eimeria spp. involved in economic coccidiosis of broiler chicken by a chemically characterized essential oil (2014)

This study provides information about the possibility of using this blend of essential oil as a coccidiostat for the protection of broiler chickens against the prevalent eight Eimeria spp. of coccidiosis.