gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UK clinical practice guidelines for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) (2017)

The guidelines cover aetiology, genetics and underlying molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and initial investigations, staging and risk stratification, surgery, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, the management of advanced disease and follow-up. The importance of mutational analysis in guiding treatment is highlighted, since this can indicate the most effective treatment and avoid administration of ineffective drugs, emphasising the need for management in specialist centres.
Optimal energy allocation policies for a high altitude flying wireless access point (2016)

Abstract Inspired by recent industrial efforts towards high altitude flying wireless access points powered by renewable energy, an online resource allocation problem for a mobile access point travelling at high altitude is formulated. The access point allocates its resources (available energy) to maximise the total utility (reward) provided to a sequentially observed set of users demanding service. The problem is formulated as a 0/1 dynamic knapsack problem with incremental capacity over a finite time horizon, and the solution of which is quite open in the literature. We address the problem through deterministic and stochastic formulations followed by a model where the statistics of the underlying processes are not known and learned through rule‐based and neural network approaches. For the deterministic problem, several online approximations including optimisation via genetic algorithm and rule‐based approach are proposed based on an instantaneous threshold that can adapt to short‐time‐scale dynamics. For the stochastic model, after showing the optimality of a threshold‐based solution on a dynamic programming formulation, an approximate threshold‐based policy is obtained. The performances of proposed policies are compared with that of the optimal solution obtained through dynamic programming. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Robust secure transmission for cooperative ARQ based on secrecy rate and outage optimization (2014)

Physical layer security is an emerging technique to improve the wireless communication security and the corresponding techniques under practical scenarios especially with imperfect channel state information (CSI) need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we investigate the robust secure transmission for cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) in multiple-input-single-output (MISO) relaying wiretap channels with channel estimation errors. Firstly, the robust transmit covariance matrices and the optimal beamforming weights are obtained using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) approach to maximize the secrecy rate under power constraint and channel uncertainties. Besides, we further propose a robust design scheme from the secrecy outage-based characterizations for minimizing the secrecy outage probability of legitimate destination. Moreover, a non-robust scheme, in which the designed beamformer refers to the generalized eigenvectors of the channels' matrix pencil, is also considered as a benchmark. Simulation results verify the robustness of the proposed schemes against the estimation errors and shows that the robust design schemes can significantly improve the security performance of the network.
The reciprocal effects of bending and torsion on springback during 3D bending of profiles (2017)

Profiles with circular cross-sections can be geometrically described by the shape of the bending line. To achieve 3D bending lines with kinematic bending processes, a continuous change of the bending plane is needed, resulting in bending force vectors that change in direction accordingly. These force vectors generate a bending moment in the forming zone and, thus, longitudinal tensile and compressive stresses. For profiles with non-circular cross-sections, the orientation of the cross-section along the bending line needs to be additionally controlled. This can be achieved by applying a specific torque to the bending process and, thus, introducing desired shear stresses into the forming zone. Up until now, this fundamental aspect of 3D profile bending has not been regarded in a coherent fashion. To take into account the reciprocal effects of the stresses applied to the forming zone and their effect on the bending moment and, thus, on springback, a comprehensive analytical process model was set up. The model is validated by experimental investigations performed using the TSS profile bending machine and comprehensive numerical investigations. Analyses were performed during plane bending as well as bending superposed with torsion. The investigations show that the applied bending force and torque not only result in stress superposition but actually also affect the development of shear strains over the cross-section of the profile. Similar to the longitudinal strains, the shear strains decrease linearly from the intrados and extrados of the profile to the neutral axis. Considering this newly observed behavior in the analytical process model, the bending moment prediction is in accordance with the experimental and numerical results.
3D Immersive Display Application for Nuclear Education and Public Acceptance (2018)

Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) systems based on multiple stereoscopic projectors are very popular in many applications, such as training operators for nuclear power plants and surgeons for surgical operations. Due to the increasing number of nuclear reactors in Guangdong province of China, Hong Kong residents are concerned about the nuclear safety and impact on Hong Kong society. There is clearly a strong demand for nuclear literacy education in order to make the public aware of and accept nuclear energy. Thus, City University of Hong Kong has built an IVR system with a 9-meter diameter, 4-meter-height, 235° curved screen for nuclear literacy education. The actual CAD drawings of the Daya Bay nuclear power plant were used to recreate the virtual Daya Bay plant in our IVR system, emphasizing the reactor pressure vessel and steam generators inside the containment building. Visitors can enter the virtual containment building, and experience the actual operation environment in order to understand the basic knowledge of nuclear reactors. At present, the system is not only capable of illustrating the basic knowledge of nuclear reactor physics but also shows the normal and abnormal operations including reactor scram and emergency containment spray. In order to provide visitors with a full understanding of the role of nuclear power in Hong Kong’s fuel mix, a Low Carbon Energy Education Center (LCEEC) was set up in which the IVR system was the main attraction. Other low carbon energy sources are also introduced in LCEEC. The Centre was visited by thousands of visitors since its opening in April 2017. Surveys have been conducted to collect their comments and suggestions. The results showed that the IVR system is very helpful in raising public understanding of nuclear power.
Murine High Specificity/Sensitivity Competitive Europium Insulin Autoantibody Assay (2009)

Our results clearly indicate that low levels of insulin autoantibodies can be detected in an ELISA-like format. Combining a europium-based ELISA with competition with fluid-phase autoantigen can be applicable to many autoantigens to achieve high specificity and sensitivity in an ELISA format.
Synthesis and characterization of an unsymmetrically bonded tetrahydroborato ruthenium hydride complex (1982)

The complex RuH(η2-BH4)(ttp)[ttp = PhP(CH2CH2CH2PPh2)2], obtained by treatment of [RuCl2(ttp)]x with excess of sodium tetrahydroborate in refluxing tetrahydrofuran, shows discrete 1H n.m.r. signals for the Ru–H protons, each of the two Ru–H–B bridging protons, and the two terminal B–H protons at ambient temperature; however, the static BH4– group undergoes proton scrambling at higher temperatures in two distinct steps.
Image reconstruction using priors from deep learning (2018)

Tomosynthesis, i.e. reconstruction of 3D volumes using projections from a limited perspective is a classical inverse, ill-posed or under constrained problem. Data insufficiency leads to reconstruction artifacts that vary in severity depending on the particular problem, the reconstruction method and also on the object being imaged. Machine learning has been used successfully in tomographic problems where data is insufficient, but the challenge with machine learning is that it introduces bias from the learning dataset. A novel framework to improve the quality of the tomosynthesis reconstruction that limits the learning dataset bias by maintaining consistency with the observed data is proposed. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are embedded as regularizers in the reconstruction process to introduce the expected features and characterstics of the likely imaged object. The minimization of the objective function keeps the solution consistent with the observations and limits the bias introduced by the machine learning regularizers, improving the quality of the reconstruction. The proposed method has been developed and studied in the specific problem of Cone Beam Tomosynthesis Flouroscopy (CBT-fluoroscopy)<sup>1</sup> but it is a general framework that can be applied to any image reconstruction problem that is limited by data insufficiency.
Catalytic Asymmetric anti‐Selective Nitroaldol Reaction En Route to Zanamivir (2012)

Battling the flu: Zanamivir (Relenza) is widely prescribed as an anti-influenza drug. It contains a vicinal amino alcohol, which is in an anti orientation, and is readily accessed by an anti-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol (Henry) reaction promoted by a heterobimetallic complex (see scheme; PMB=p-methoxybenzyl). Additional synthetic manipulation of the nitroaldol product allowed the enantioselective synthesis of zanamivir.
Is propolis safe as an alternative medicine? (2011)

Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees as defense against intruders. It has relevant therapeutic properties that have been used since ancient times. Nowadays, propolis is of increasing importance as a therapeutic, alone or included in many medicines and homeopathic products or in cosmetics. Propolis is produced worldwide and honeybees use the flora surrounding their beehives for its production. Therefore its chemical composition may change according to the flora. The phenolic and volatile fractions of propolis have been revised in the present study, as well as some of the biological properties attributed to this natural product. An alert is given about the need to standardize this product, with quality control. This has already been initiated by some authors, mainly in the propolis from the poplar-type. Only this product can constitute a good complementary and alternative medicine under internationally acceptable quality control.
Assessing the Environmental Performance of Municipal Solid Waste Collection: A New Predictive LCA Model (2021)

Most existing life cycle assessment models of waste management have so far underplayed the importance of the waste collection phase, addressing it only in a simplified fashion, either by requesting the total amount of fuel used as a direct user input or by calculating it based on a set of input parameters and fixed diesel consumption factors. However, if the main purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of the collection system itself, a more detailed analysis of the collection phase is required, avoiding oversimplified and potentially misleading conclusions. The new LCA collection model presented here relies on a large number of parameters (number and type of containers, collection frequency, distances for the various legs of transport, etc.) and allows the detailed predictive analysis of alternative collection scenarios. The results of applying this newly developed model to a number of experimental case studies in Portugal are analyzed, discussed, and compared to those produced by a selection of pre-existing, more simplified models such as ORWARE and MSW-DST. The new model is confirmed as being the most accurate and, importantly, as the only one capable of predicting the consequences of a range of possible changes in the collection parameters.
Glutamic Acid-rich Proteins of Rod Photoreceptors Are Natively Unfolded (2005)

The outer segment of vertebrate photoreceptors is a specialized compartment that hosts all the signaling components required for visual transduction. Specific to rod photoreceptors is an unusual set of three glutamic acid-rich proteins (GARPs) as follows: two soluble forms, GARP1 and GARP2, and the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain (GARP' part) of the B1 subunit of the cyclic GMP-gated channel. GARPs have been shown to interact with proteins at the rim of the disc membrane. Here we characterized native GARP1 and GARP2 purified from bovine rod photoreceptors. Amino acid sequence analysis of GARPs revealed structural features typical of "natively unfolded" proteins. By using biophysical techniques, including size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, NMR spectroscopy, and circular dichroism, we showed that GARPs indeed exhibit a large degree of intrinsic disorder. Analytical ultracentrifugation and chemical cross-linking showed that GARPs exist in a monomer/multimer equilibrium. The results suggested that the function of GARP proteins is linked to their structural disorder. They may provide flexible spacers or linkers tethering the cyclic GMP-gated channel in the plasma membrane to peripherin at the disc rim to produce a stack of rings of these protein complexes along the long axis of the outer segment. GARP proteins could then provide the environment needed for protein interactions in the rim region of discs.
UROLITHIASIS, ENDOUROLOGY AND LAPAROSCOPY (2001)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY: Abstracts1 Nov 2001UROLITHIASIS, ENDOUROLOGY AND LAPAROSCOPY Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65733-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail References 1 : Open versus closed establishment of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery. Br J Surg1997; 84: 599. Google Scholar © 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 166Issue 5November 2001Page: 1994-1997 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A visible-light active catechol–metal oxide carbonaceous polymeric material for enhanced photocatalytic activity (2016)

Designing new materials for sustainable energy and environmental applications is one of the prime focuses in chemical science.
A Clinical Rationale for Assessing Rapid Automatized Naming in Children with Language Disorders (2000)

Three continuous rapid naming tasks (Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 1995) were administered to 2,450 American, English-speaking, academically achieving individuals with typical language development and intellectual ability (ages 6 to 21 years) and 136 individuals with primary language disorders (LD; ages 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15-16). Naming time in seconds differed significantly (p < .01) between the groups for color naming (Task 1) at age 12, shape naming (Task 2) at age 6, and color-shape naming (Task 3) at ages 6, 7, 9, and 12. Naming accuracy did not differ significantly (p > .01) between groups at the majority of the age levels compared. In the normative group, naming speed increased with age in a monotonic progression. The developmental trajectory in the LD group was essentially parallel, but elevated. The percentages of individuals who failed the naming-time criteria for Task 3 (color-shape naming) differed significantly in the two groups at all ages compared (p < .05). These findings indicate that the requirements for two-dimensional, continuous naming (Task 3 color-shape naming) resulted in reduced naming speed (longer total times) and interference with fluency in language production in about half of the clinical sample.
Genetic variation in human drug-related genes (2017)

This study indicates that even though many variants are very rare and thus likely not observed in clinical trials, four in five patients are likely to carry a variant with possibly functional effects in a target for commonly prescribed drugs. Such variants could potentially alter drug efficacy.
PI3K/AKT Pathway Is Activated By MYD88 L265P and Use Of PI3K-Delta Inhibitors Induces Robust Tumor Cell Killing In Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (2013)

Abstract Background MYD88 L265P is a somatic mutation present in &gt;90% of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) patients. The downstream signaling pathways that promote malignant cell growth and survival remain to be fully clarified but include IRAK 1/4 and BTK (Treon et al, NEJM 2012; Yang et al, Blood 2013). Methods To further clarify the downstream signaling associated with MYD88 L265P in WM cells, we employed Phospho Explorer Antibody Arrays in MYD88 L265P expressing BCWM.1 and MCWL-1 WM cells following lentiviral mediated knockdown of MYD88, or over-expression of MYD88 wild type or L265P; or the use of MYD88 homodimerization inhibitor that block MYD88 signaling. Arrays were scanned by Axon GenePix Microarray Scanner and data analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Western blot analysis was performed using total and phospho-specific antibodies in WM cells. CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent cell viability assay (Promega) was used to assess cell survival following treatment with the PI3K-delta inhibitors, CAL101 and PIK-294 (Selleck Chemicals). Results Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for B-Cell Receptor, PI3K/AKT, LPS-stimulated MAPK and ERK/MAPK signaling following MYD88 modulation in both BCWM.1 and MWCL-1 WM cells. Signal proteins that demonstrated the greatest changes in phosphorylation following MYD88 modulation are shown in Table 1. Western blot analysis confirmed the activation of ATK as downstream of PI3K in WM cells. Use of a MYD88 inhibitor significantly decreased phosphorylation of ATK-pS473 and AKT-pY308 in both BCWM.1 and MCWL-1 WM cells. Cell viability analysis demonstrated robust tumor cell killing (EC50 30-50nM) in BCWM.1 and MWCL-1 WM cells following treatment with both PI3K-delta inhibitors (CAL-101 and PIK-294). Conclusion In addition to activation of NF-kB through IRAK and BTK signaling, MYD88 L265P promotes survival of WM cells by activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Inhibition of PI3K-delta is associated with robust killing of WM cells. These studies provide the framework for the investigation of PI3K-delta inhibitors in WM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome in Older Adults: Outcomes on Sleep Quality, Sleepiness, Fatigue, Depression, and Quality of Life (2007)

The severity of RLS symptoms in older adults affects not only sleep quality but also many aspects of quality of life, including social functioning, daily functioning, and emotional well-being.
Video Image Processing with the Mobilizer: An Analysis of Travel Time (1999)

The primary objectives of this study are to determine the accuracy of collecting time with the Mobilizer, a video tracking technology, as well as to analyze the travel times for vehicles in the high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane along the designated segment of Interstate 5 in Seattle, Washington. The data extracted in this study are subjected to two separate analyses: an examination of the accuracy of Mobilizer collected travel times and a general comparison of the travel times for the three separate lanes. The statistical validity of the travel time estimates resulting from Mobilizer analysis are examined by comparing them to the true population travel time results.
Rationally Designed Dual Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase (2007)

Bifunctional inhibitors were designed and synthesized based on 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT)a1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors and diketoacid (DKA) integrase (IN) inhibitors. Biochemical studies revealed activity against RT and IN at low nanomolar and low micromolar concentrations, respectively. Exceptionally low IC50 values from a cell-based assay were achieved along with remarkably high therapeutic indices. Compound 7 was identified as the best compound of the series (IC50: 24 nM against RT, 4.4 microM against IN, and 10 nM against HIV-1).
Effective medium approach for grating problems (1995)

The effective medium method simplifies the mathematical analysis involved in solving grating problems by replacing the periodic structure of the grating with an equivalent uniform medium. The results obtained for the reflection spectrum of particular grating structures are identical to those derived from the standard approach of coupled mode theory. The effective medium method is exact, and no approximations are made beyond those leading to the coupled mode equations.
Thermogravimetric analysis of buckminsterfullerene and related materials in air (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermogravimetric analysis of buckminsterfullerene and related materials in airJohn D. Saxby, S. Peter Chatfield, Andrew J. Palmisano, Anthony M. Vassallo, Michael A. Wilson, and Louis S. K. PangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 1, 17–18Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100180a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100180a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views438Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts