gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sewage Sludge as N-Fertilizers for Crop Production Enabling the Circular Bioeconomy in Agriculture: A Challenge for the New EU Regulation 1009/2019 (2021)

The fertilizer framework in the European Union has recently been reviewed by EU Regulation 1009/2019 that excluded sewage sludge from the list of the possible constituents of organic fertilizers relying on their origin, not on their quality. This paper aimed to carry out a complete characterization of sewage sludge obtained from a pharmaceutical manufacturing process (PDSS) to demonstrate that sewage sludge obtained from a standardized and controlled manufacturing process can be safely recycled as organic fertilizer. The agronomic and environmental characteristics of the PDSS product were analyzed and compared to other organic fertilizers. Its fertilizing potential was also evaluated through plant growth trials. PDSS was characterized by a high concentration of total N (6.6% w/w), which was all present in organic form. PDSS also showed a low concentration of heavy metals, an absence of pathogens and low concentrations of organic contaminants. Plant growth trials showed that the PDSS was able to improve lettuce and carrot growth (+25 and +46% of dry weight compared to the unfertilized control), as well as their physiological status. Considering all the results, the exclusion of sewage sludge relying only on its origin and not on its quality appears to conflict with the principles of the circular bioeconomy.
How to design an art-science program? Self-reported benefits for artists and scientists in the VI4 artist-in-residence program (2022)

While many new programs bridge the arts and sciences, a data-based examination of art-science program design can lead to more efficient programming. The Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation Artist-in-Residence program is a virtual program that brings together undergraduate student "artists" and faculty-level "scientists" to generate science-art content. We have recruited over 80 artists and 50 scientists to collaborate in creating visual science communication content. Using self-reported data from both groups, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses to define sources for negative and positive experiences for artists and scientists. We also identify areas for improvement and key features for in producing a positive experience. We found that artists participants had more positive responses about "learning something new" from the program than scientists. We also found that for both artists and scientists the length of the program and the virtual nature were identified as key features that could be improved. However, the most surprising aspect of our analysis suggests that for both "way of thinking" and "science communication to the public or general audience," were seen as significant beneficial gains for scientists compared to artists. We conclude this analysis with suggestions to enhance the benefits and outcomes of an art-science program and ways to minimize the difficulties, such as communication and collaboration, faced by participants and program designers.
Comparison of Ocular Response Analyzer Parameters in Chinese Subjects With Primary Angle-Closure and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (2011)

Corneal hysteresis was lower in eyes with glaucoma. After adjusting for age, sex, and IOP measurement by GAT, a persistently lower hysteresis was noted in eyes with PACG compared with other groups.
Urokinase overproduction results in increased skeletal metastasis by prostate cancer cells in vivo. (1994)

We previously reported that urokinase (uPA) is produced by the human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, and could function as a growth factor for cells of the osteoblast phenotype. To examine the role of uPA in metastasis to the skeleton and to extraskeletal sites, we have developed a homologous model of uPA overexpression in a rat prostate cancer cell line. Full length cDNA encoding rat (r) uPA was isolated and subcloned as a 1.4-kilobase XbaI-BspHI fragment in the sense and antisense orientation into the Moloney murine leukemia retroviral vector pYN. The control (pYN) and experimental (pYN-ruPA, pYN-ruPA-AS) plasmids were transfected into Dunning R 3227, Mat LyLu rat prostate carcinoma cells. Experimental clones expressing at least 5-fold higher (pYN-ruPA) or 3-fold lower (pYN-ruPA-AS) than controls were selected, and control and experimental cells were inoculated into the left ventricles of inbred male Copenhagen rats. Animals were sacrificed at timed intervals to examine the evolution of metastatic lesions. Control animals developed metastases to the lumbar vertebrae resulting in spinal cord compression and hind limb paralysis at 20-21 days postinoculation. Animals inoculated with cells overexpressing uPA developed hind limb paralysis significantly earlier (by day 14-15 postinoculation). Additionally, more widespread skeletal (ribs, scapula, and femora) metastases were seen. Serum from experimental animals showed a progressive elevation in alkaline phosphatase levels, and histological examination of lumbar metastases revealed markedly increased osteoblastic activity over that observed in control animals. In contrast to this, animals inoculated with cells underexpressing uPA developed hind limb paralysis significantly later (days 25-29 postinoculation) and displayed decreased tumor metastasis. These studies support a role for the catalytic domain of uPA in enhancing both skeletal and nonskeletal prostate cancer invasiveness and are consistent with a role for the growth factor domain of uPA in mediating an osteoblastic skeletal response.
Sharing objects in a distributed system (2002)

This paper presents a design for the use of DSM techniques and system-supported synchronisation to support shared access to persistent objects in a distributed environment. We adopt a hybrid approach where the system granularity is sometimes pages and sometimes objects. We are interested in providing shared access to small (i.e., less than a page) objects in a general purpose, language-independent environment, and supporting both DSM and RPC object access mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rashba spin‐orbit interaction of In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.7Ga0.3As/In0.53Ga0.47As shallow two‐dimensional electron gas by surface etching (2007)

Abstract We have investigated Rashba spin‐orbit interaction (SOI) of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/In 0.7 Ga 0.3 As/In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) located below 6.4 nm ‐ 26.5 nm from the sample surface by analyzing weak antilocalization (WAL). Depth of the 2DEG from the sample surface is systematically controlled by surface etching within the identical samples. WAL is enhanced as increasing the etching depth due to the large energy‐band bending of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/In 0.7 Ga 0.3 As/In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As quantum well. The Rashba SOI parameter α increases with increasing the etching depth, and 2.41 × 10–12 eVm is obtained in the shallowest 2DEG which is located below 6.4 nm from the surface. Calculated α from the k · p formalism shows good agreement on the surface etching dependence with the experimental values. Dominant contribution of the Rashba SOI parameter α is originated from the In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.7Ga0.3As heterointerface as well as the energy‐band bending in the In0.7Ga0.3As quantum well. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Manifold Learning via Linear Tangent Space Alignment (LTSA) for Accelerated Dynamic MRI With Sparse Sampling (2022)

The spatial resolution and temporal frame-rate of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be improved by reconstructing images from sparsely sampled k -space data with mathematical modeling of the underlying spatiotemporal signals. These models include sparsity models, linear subspace models, and non-linear manifold models. This work presents a novel linear tangent space alignment (LTSA) model-based framework that exploits the intrinsic low-dimensional manifold structure of dynamic images for accelerated dynamic MRI. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art methods using numerical simulation studies as well as 2D and 3D in vivo cardiac imaging experiments. The proposed method achieved the best performance in image reconstruction among all the compared methods. The proposed method could prove useful for accelerating many MRI applications, including dynamic MRI, multi-parametric MRI, and MR spectroscopic imaging.
Continuous Diffuse Electron Scattering from Polymethylene Compounds. II. Oblique Layer Crystals (1978)

The positions of continuous diffuse scattering streaks in electron diffraction patterns from oblique layer crystals isostructura l to monoclinic paraffins are predicted using the kinematical difference Fourier transform (DFT) model of Amoros and Amoros. However, indications of correlated chain motions are found as was seen in a bimolecular rectangular layer structure. This correlated chain “motion” and the large temperature factors used for the DFT calculation (which are inconsistent with X-ray crystal structure results) suggest the presence of point defects in the long chains pro­posed earlier by other workers.
A Generalized Software System for Accurate and Efficient Management of Application Performance Goals (2013)

A number of techniques have been proposed to provide run- time performance guarantees while minimizing power consumption. One drawback of existing approaches is that they work only on a fixed set of components (or actuators) that must be specified at design time. If new components become available, these management systems must be redesigned and reimplemented. In this paper, we propose PTRADE, a novel performance management framework that is general with respect to the components it manages. PTRADE can be deployed to work on a new system with different components without redesign and reimplementation. PTRADE’s generality is demonstrated through the management of performance goals for a variety of benchmarks on two different Linux/x86 systems and a simulated 128-core system, each with different components governing power and performance tradeoffs. Our experimental results show that PTRADE provides generality while meeting performance goals and ap- proaching optimal power consumption. PTRADE consumes only 7% more power than optimal on the Linux/x86 systems and 3% more power than optimal on the simulated many-core.
Fast Extraction Of Edge Histogram In Dct Domain Based On Mpeg7 (2007)

In these days, multimedia data is transmitted and processed in compressed format. Due to the decoding procedure and filtering for edge detection, the feature extraction process of MPEG-7 Edge Histogram Descriptor is time-consuming as well as computationally expensive. To improve efficiency of compressed image retrieval, we propose a new edge histogram generation algorithm in DCT domain in this paper. Using the edge information provided by only two AC coefficients of DCT coefficients, we can get edge directions and strengths directly in DCT domain. The experimental results demonstrate that our system has good performance in terms of retrieval efficiency and effectiveness.
Predictive Evaluation of Quantitative Spatial Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment by Multiplex Immunofluorescence in Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with PD-1 Inhibitors (2021)

Abstract Introduction: PD-1 inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in glioblastoma due to microenvironment immunosuppression and low tumor mutational burden. In GBM, PD-L1 expression is not a predictive marker for response to PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. Multiplex immunostaining panel technology allows for detailed analyses of tumor microenvironment cells and their interaction. Our study to evaluates the feasibility and predictive value of quantitative spatial profiling in GBM. Methods: Pre-treatment tumor tissue was collected retrospectively from 27 patients at Columbia University Irving Medical Center with primary glioblastoma who were diagnosed within the past three years, had surgery here, and were either treated with SOC therapy (n= 8) or PD-1 inhibitors at recurrence (n= 19). Multiplex immunofluorescence panels included 1) CD11b/IDO1/HLADR/GFAP, 2) PD1/PD-L1/GFAP, and 3) CD4/CD8/CD25/FoxP3/Ki67/GFAP. Results: Multiplex immunofluorescence panels did not show any correlation with outcomes in patients treated with SOC therapy. Among the 19 patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, those with more HLA-DR positive cells had worse outcomes (p= 0.02). PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was not predictive of outcomes. There was a correlation trend between PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score (p= 0.08) and outcomes. PTEN loss was correlated with higher Ki67 expression in both tumor cells (p= 0.05) and non-tumors cells (p= 0.03); however, this was not found in Ki67 in CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, or CD4+CD8+ cells combined. Tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD8+ cells, and CD4+ cells were not significant predictive markers for outcome. Conclusion: Quantitative spatial profiling by multiplex immunofluorescence is feasible in FFPE glioblastoma tissue. More refined and extensive quantitative and spatial microenvironment analyses may allow for the development of biomarkers for immunotherapy in GBM.
2013年的无敌空军——“美台空军甚至有可能还没有来得及发一枪一弹，台海空战便已经结束了” (2009)

中国空军在建军六十周年时刻的华丽亮相吸引了世界各国的关注．尤其是美国的战略研究机构，对于中国空中力量的发展和未来表示出了异乎寻常的“关心”。最近美国著名智库兰德公司的一个研究小组就以未来台海战争作为设定背景进行了兵棋推演．对中国空中力量的作战效能和赢得战争的能力进行了量化的评估。本刊刊发此文并非同意其观点，亦非证实其内容，仅供有兴趣的读者参考。
Studieso on Amino Acids. II (1956)

The enzymatic procedures for the resolution of DL-lysine such as asymmetric synthesis of acyl L-lysinc anilide and asymmetric hydrolysis of acyl DL-lysines have been studied. As a result, the procedure consisting in the enzymatic asymmetric hydrolysis of ε-benzoyl-α-acetyl-DL-lysine was found to be the most advantageous for the resolution of DL-lysine.
The Lack of Reliability of Clinical Examination in the Diagnosis of Wound Infection: Preliminary Communication (2008)

The diagnosis of infection in chronic wounds is challenging. Clinicians tend to rely on the classic signs and the symptoms. Quantitative tissue biopsy, the most accurate method, is rarely used because it is expensive, invasive, and difficult to perform. A recently completed clinical trial evaluating collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose/antimicrobial matrix versus standard of care in venous leg ulcerations was reviewed. Patients with infected venous leg ulcers by clinical examination were excluded. In fact, none of the subjects in the 2 arms of the study had target ulcers that appeared to be infected at any time during the study. Quantitative biopsies of the ulcers were obtained and compared with investigator evaluation. In all, 14 of 49 subjects (28%) had bacterial counts greater than 10(5) or beta-hemolytic streptococcus despite the lack of clinical signs of infection. This analysis suggests that clinical examination is unreliable in the diagnosis of wound infection in venous leg ulcerations.
Formylation of Amines (2014)

Methods to convert amines to formamides are of interest due to the many uses of formamides as synthetic intermediates. These methods include stoichiometric reactions of formylating reagents and catalytic reactions with CO as the carbonyl source. This review discusses the reported stoichiometric and catalytic approaches for preparation of formamides.
Nitric oxide production in host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host reactions in the rat. (1992)

The present study was designed to determine whether .N = O produced in vivo during the rejection of histoincompatible tissues might permit serum NO2-/NO3- levels to serve as markers of a rejection reaction. Rat syngeneic and allogeneic liver, heart, bone marrow/spleen cell, small bowel, skin, and sponge matrix grafts were performed and the stable end-products of .N = O, NO2-/NO3-, were serially assayed in the serum of the grafted animals. A significant rise of serum NO2-/NO3- levels in the allografted animals preceded the onset of clinical signs of rejection or graft-versus-host disease, with the exception of the skin and sponge matrix graft models, where elevated serum NO2-/NO3- levels were never observed. In all transplant models, normal serum NO2-/NO3- levels were observed at all times in animals that received syngeneic grafts. Furthermore, treatment of allograft recipients with the immunosuppressive agents FK 506 or cyclosporine A inhibited .N = O production. Determination of serum creatinine levels demonstrated that the elevated serum NO2-/NO3- levels were not caused by kidney dysfunction. Serum NO2-/NO3- levels might be useful early serum markers of the initiation of a rejection reaction or graft-versus-host disease when functional markers of graft dysfunction are not apparent.
Improved Survival Associated with Local Tumor Response Following Multisite Radiotherapy and Pembrolizumab: Secondary Analysis of a Phase I Trial (2020)

In the context of SBRT+P, TMC independently correlates with OS. SBRT impacts intratumoral immune gene expression associated with TMC. Randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.
Nature of the Interference Mechanism of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) (1999)

Mugwort is a noxious perennial weed that interferes with the growth and establishment of crop species. The present study was designed to understand the role of allelopathy as a potential mechanism of interference by mugwort. Soils amended with mugwort plant material and leachates were analyzed for their chemical characteristics. The effect of amended soils on seedling growth of red clover was studied. The influence of NP fertilization and charcoal on modification of allelopathic potential of amended soils, in terms of their effect on soil characteristics and red clover seedling growth, was also investigated. In addition, red clover seedling growth was compared in sterilized and nonsterilized soils amended with mugwort leachate and NP fertilization. In general, addition of mugwort leachates and plant matter (amended soil) resulted in chemical changes in soil, including changes in available phenolics. Red clover seedling growth was reduced in amended soils, when compared to that in nonamended soils. Although the different amounts of NP fertilization in nonsterilized soil amended with mugwort leachate could not counteract its interference to red clover growth (root reduction, 67–79%; shoot reduction, 34–44%), the addition of charcoal did eliminate leachate effects on red clover growth. This indicates the probable allelopathic interference of mugwort to red clover growth. Addition of NP fertilization might have resulted in higher microbial activity, which is likely to influence qualitative and/or quantitative availability of phenolic compounds. Data on phenolic levels and red clover growth in sterilized and nonsterilized soil amended with mugwort leachate and NP fertilization indirectly indicate the significance of soil microbes in mugwort interference to red clover.
Towards certificate verification in a certificate management system (2002)

A Certificate Management System (CMS) is used to generate, distribute, store and verify certificates. It supports secure electronic communication through its functions. In a CMS, the integrity of every certificate that a security application relies upon must be verified. The certificate verification function performs the verification process and can store verified certificates in the local database for later use. Focusing on the certificate verification function, this paper presents a state-based model for CMSs and discusses certificate verification issues. A recursive approach to certificate verification is proposed, and several verification techniques, which may be employed to reduce the amount of work in the verification process, are also presented.
Cardiac pacing (1993)

The symptom most frequently requiring investigation and consideration for cardiac pacing is syncope. This symptom is now receiving more attention than ever, mainly because of the advent of tilt table testing--a simple noninvasive procedure that has substantially reduced the number of syncopal patients remaining undiagnosed. The first part of this review addresses developments in the understanding of syncope, and the latter part covers developments in the understanding and therapy of atrioventricular block and sinus node disease, the management of carotid sinus syndrome, and two possible new indications for pacemaker therapy.
Silver Sintering on Organic Substrates for the Embedding of Power Semiconductor Devices (2019)

The requirements for power electronic assemblies are continuously increasing and are mainly driven by costs, functionality, and reliability. A novel and promising approach is the embedding of power semiconductor devices into PCB-materials. Benefits are the reduction in size and volume of the system. The embedding of semiconductor devices provides a high degree of miniaturization. Also printed circuit board technology in combination with the use of established processes apparently has the potential for low-cost manufacturing. Further functional advantages are the possibility to place passive components and peripheral circuits close to the switching devices, enabling shorter commutating paths. In consequence, they are expected to produce smaller parasitic effects caused by the package, which results in higher possible frequencies and reduced conduction and switching losses. However, there is a significant challenge regarding package design, processing, and materials selection to make use of this potential even at high operating temperatures. To address only one aspect, generally used materials, like epoxy-glass-substrates (FR4) and solder alloys like PbSnAg or SAC are not suitable for temperatures above 150 °C. This work will introduce and evaluate a concept for double-side Ag-sintered semiconductor chips, which are embedded between two organic high-temperature PCBs. A proof-of-concept will be presented by setting up a 30 kW (600 V, 50 A) power package as a demonstrator.
Mechanism of Exact Transition between Cationic and Anionic Redox Activities in Cathode Material Li2FeSiO4 (2018)

The discovery of anion redox activity is promising for boosting the capacity of lithium ion battery (LIB) cathodes. However, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that trigger the anionic redox is still lacking. Here, using hybrid density functional study combined with experimental soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) measurements, we unambiguously proved that Li<sub>(2- x)</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub> performs sequent cationic and anionic redox activity through delithiation. Specifically, Fe<sup>2+</sup> is oxidized to Fe<sup>3+</sup> during the first Li ion extraction per formula unit (f.u.), while the second Li ion extraction triggered the oxygen redox exclusively. Cationic and anionic redox result in electron and hole polaron states, respectively, explaining the poor conductivity of Li<sub>(2- x)</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub> noted by previous experiments. In contrast, other cathode materials in this family exhibit diversity of the redox process. Li<sub>2</sub>MnSiO<sub>4</sub> shows double cationic redox (Mn<sup>2+</sup>-Mn<sup>4+</sup>) during the whole delithiation, while Li<sub>2</sub>CoSiO<sub>4</sub> shows simultaneous cationic and anionic redox. The present finding not only provides new insights into the oxygen redox activity in polyanionic compounds for rechargeable batteries but also sheds light on the future design of high-capacity rechargeable batteries.