gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific Photobiocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization Reactions (2011)

Turn a light on: Enantiospecific hydroxylation of nonactivated CH bonds as well as epoxidations of CC bonds are reported using a novel peroxidase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeAPO). AaeAPO represents a more active and more versatile alternative to the current gold standard, chloroperoxidase. H2O2 was produced in situ by photocatalytic reduction of O2 using simple flavin adenine mononucleotide (FMN) catalysts. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mixed signature of activation and dysfunction allows human decidual CD8 + T cells to provide both tolerance and immunity (2017)

Understanding how decidual CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell (CD8<sup>+</sup> dT) cytotoxicity is regulated and how these cells integrate the competing needs for maternal-fetal tolerance and immunity to infection is an important research and clinical goal. Gene-expression analysis of effector-memory CD8<sup>+</sup> dT demonstrated a mixed transcriptional signature of T cell dysfunction, activation, and effector function. High protein expression of coinhibitory molecules PD1, CTLA4, and LAG3, accompanied by low expression of cytolytic molecules suggests that the decidual microenvironment reduces CD8<sup>+</sup> dT effector responses to maintain tolerance to fetal antigens. However, CD8<sup>+</sup> dT degranulated, proliferated, and produced IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin, and granzymes upon in vitro stimulation, demonstrating that CD8<sup>+</sup> dT are not permanently suppressed and retain the capacity to respond to proinflammatory events, such as infections. The balance between transient dysfunction of CD8<sup>+</sup> dT that are permissive of placental and fetal development, and reversal of this dysfunctional state, is crucial in understanding the etiology of pregnancy complications and prevention of congenital infections.
Radiation-induced solid-state polymerization in binary systems. VIII. Polymerization and foaming of multicomponent systems including acrylamide and acrylic acid (1973)

Radiation-induced polymerization and foaming of multicomponent systems including acrylamide, acrylic acid, and foaming agents were studied. Eutectic mixtures such as acrylamide–itaconic acid were polymerized in solid state and then foamed by heating at 130 ∼ 200°C. The solution systems such as acrylamide–itaconic acid–water and acrylamide–maleic anhydride–urea–water were polymerized in liquid and supercooled phases at higher rates and foamed to a higher degree of expansion. Foams of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) were obtained by polymerization and heating of acrylic acid (methacrylic acid)–urea–water systems. It was deduced that the nonmelting or flowing property of these acrylic polymers, especially the semithermosetting property of polyacrylamide, had an important effect on the foaming mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: MIRC REACTIONS. 3. USE OF DOUBLY ACTIVATED SUBSTRATES (1982)

Abstract Die in bekannter Weise zugänglichen Aldehyde (I) werden mit Malonester (II) in Gegenwart von TiCl 4 /Pyridin zu den Olefinen (III) kondensiert und diese mit nucleophilen Reagentien in einer MIRC‐Reaktion (Michael Initiated Ring Closure) zu den Cycloalkanen (IV) kondensiert.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) as a function of growth under different conditions (2006)

The antioxidant activity of wheatgrass, which is consumed as a dietary supplement, was estimated at different levels. The methods employed include FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), ABTS (2,2'-azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of wheatgrass grown under different conditions over a period of 6, 7, 8, 10 and 15 days were used. Lipid peroxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were determined and utilized to check the potency of a few selected extracts. Different conditions used for growth were (1) tap water, (2) tap water with nutrients, (3) soil and tap water, and (4) soil with nutrients. For comparison, a commercially available wheatgrass tablet was analysed. To explain the reasons behind the observed differences, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were measured. These contents increased with growth under all the conditions. The ethanol extracts were found to have a higher phenolic and flavonoid content than the aqueous extracts. The highest FRAP values occurred on day 15 of growth under condition 4, the values being 0.463 and 0.573 mmol of ascorbic acid and Trolox equivalents/100 g fresh wheatgrass for aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively. In the aqueous extracts no specific trend was observed with the DPPH assay for the different conditions nor for the growth period. In the case of ethanol extracts, however, it increased with the growth period and the wheatgrass grown in condition 4 was found to be the most effective. These extracts were also found to inhibit significantly ascorbate-Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria. The ORAC values of aqueous and ethanol extracts of day 10 with condition 4 were found to be 39.9 and 48.2, respectively, being higher than those reported for many natural extracts or vegetables.
Unreeling Xunlei Kankan: Understanding Hybrid CDN-P2P Video-on-Demand Streaming (2014)

The hybrid architecture of content distribution network (CDN) and peer to peer (P2P) is promising in providing online streaming media services. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive measurement study on Kankan, one of the leading VoD streaming service providers in China that is based on a hybrid CDN-P2P architecture. Our measurements are multi-fold, as follows. 1) Kankan adopts a loosely-coupled hybrid architecture , in which the user requests are handled by its CDN and P2P network independently. 2) Kankan deploys a small-scale CDN densely in three geographic clusters in China. It adopts specific redirection servers to dispatch the nationwide requests. 3) Kankan adopts a dual-server mechanism to enhance start-up video streaming. It also provides the CDN acceleration in case of inefficient P2P streaming performance. 4) According to our studies on the peer cache lists, the video contents stored in Kankan peers update quite slowly. The average lifetime of cached videos is longer than one week. Our results show that, by utilizing the slow-varying contents cached in peers and deploying various CDN enhancement mechanisms , Kankan provides a large-scale VoD streaming service with a small-scale fixed infrastructure. Insights obtained in this study will be valuable for the development and deployment of future hybrid CDN-P2P VoD streaming systems.
Fractional lower-order moment based adaptive algorithms for time delay estimation in impulsive noise (2003)

A class of fractional lower-order moment based adaptive algorithms for estimating the time difference of arrival between signals received at two spatially separated sensors in the presence of impulsive noise modeled as a stable process is proposed. Convergence of the algorithms is discussed and simulation results are included to evaluate their comparative delay estimation performances.
A low complexity soft-output Viterbi decoder architecture (2002)

A means to adapt the classical architecture of a Viterbi decoder to make it able to provide soft (weighted) decisions is presented. After a theoretical justification of the proposed method, based on Battail or Hagenauer-Hoeher algorithms, the new architecture is detailed. It leads to a real-time circuit, the size of which is roughly twice the size of the classical Viterbi decoder. In order to appreciate the quality of the weighting method, an application to the decoding of concatenated convolutional codes, with the proposed soft-output decoder as the inner decoder, is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract 9747: Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Ascending Doses of AZD8233, Targeting PCSK9, in Patients with Dyslipidemia (2021)

Introduction: Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduces cardiovascular risk by lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. AZD8233 is an antisense oligonucleotide in development for the treatment of dyslipidemia. In a single ascending dose study (NCT03593785), AZD8233 was well tolerated and effectively reduced PCSK9 and LDL-C levels in patients with elevated LDL-C. Here, we report results from a multiple ascending dose study of AZD8233. Methods: This was a phase 1, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT04155645) in patients with dyslipidemia. Participants were receiving statins for ≥ 3 months, had an LDL-C in the range 70-190 mg/dL, and were 18-65 years old. Three cohorts of 11 participants received four subcutaneous injections over an 8-week period (days 1, 8, 29, and 57) of either AZD8233 (15 mg, 30 mg, or 90 mg; n = 8) or placebo (n = 3), and were followed up for 16 weeks post dose. The primary objective was to assess safety and tolerability; secondary objectives included assessment of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZD8233; circulating LDL-C was estimated using the Friedewald formula. Results: Overall, 34 patients were randomized and data are available from 33 patients; 15 were male, the mean age was 58 years, and baseline PCSK9 and LDL-C levels were comparable across treatment groups. Treatment with AZD8233 did not result in any clinically relevant safety or tolerability findings. Peak plasma concentrations of AZD8233 were reached within 0.5 to 5 hours post dosing, followed by a biphasic decline. A decrease from baseline in PCSK9 (69.7%, 79.9%, and 95.3%) and LDL-C levels (63.8%, 65.7%, and 83.3%) was observed at 12 weeks for the AZD8233 15 mg, 30 mg, and 90 mg groups, respectively vs placebo ( Figure ). Conclusions: Multiple doses of AZD8233 were generally safe, well tolerated, and reduced PCSK9 and LDL-C levels in a dose-dependent manner in statin-treated patients with dyslipidemia.
Fabrication of Novel Transparent Touch Sensing Device via Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing Technique (2015)

PSS printing passes. A novel transparent touch sensor fabricated with an all-inkjet-printing method is demonstrated for the first time. This process holds industrially viable potential to fabricate transparent touch sensors with an inkjet printing technique on both rigid and flexible substrates for a wide range of applications.
TimeLine: A Multimedia, Problem-Centric Visualization of Patient Records (1999)

Background. This abstract briefly describes the development an integrated, computerized patient record interface, TimeLinel, which establishes a hierarchy of graphical timelines based on a patient's medical problem list. Concept-based organization of medical information allows users to index multimedia data by simple characteristics, such as data source, and increasing levels of abstraction, such as organ system, disease, and signs/symptoms. The interface enables the user to control both the level of detail and the temporal granularity at which information is presented. Ultimately, the goal of this problem-oriented data visualization is to flexibly communicate to physicians the interplay of a patient's multiple problems.
SEM studies of membrane endocytosis in toad urinary bladders following withdrawal of mezerein (1993)

Vasopressin (ADH), enhances fluid reabsorption through a complex process of water channel insertion into the apical membrane and retrieval during hormonal removal. These water channel membranes are thought to internalize by endocytosis resulting in down-regulation of the apical membrane permeability. ADH V 1 -receptors, like ADH V 2 -receptors, increased water flow, when mezerein (MZ), an activator of protein Kinase C, was added to the mucosal surface. This is accompanied by the activation of several protein Kinase C isozymes, as determined by protein A-immunogold labeling. However, little is known about the surface ultrastructural changes accompanying membrane retrieval in amphibian bladder tissues following removal of hormone. We reported an apparent membrane internalization process using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following withdrawal of ADH. The current report is concerned with time-response surface studies of the apical membrane internalization process following withdrawal of MZ, and the role of protein Kinase C in this process.
Minimum Coolant and Resulting Cavity Temperatures for Eccentric Rim Seals With a Mainstream (1995)

A 3-D Navier-Stokes computer model, which was previously experimentally verified, was used to explore eccentricity effects on the minimum required coolant flow to prevent ingress (Cw,min) and blade root/retainer temperature. A recently developed three-scale k-ϵ turbulence model was experimentally verified and utilized in the computations. The temperature, pressure, Mach number and Reynolds number of a typical commercial gas turbine engine were specified for the mainstream, coolant stream and turbine wheel. It was found that Cw,min increases markedly with rotor eccentricity, even for small eccentricity values, in an almost linear fashion. The computations were used to establish a correlation for the dependence of Cw,min on eccentricity. It was found, for example, that an eccentricity increase from 5% to only 12.5% of the rim seal clearance increases Cw,min from approximately 8000 to 11000. In addition, for 25% eccentricity, the highest blade root/retainer temperature for Cw = 3600 is 49% higher than that for Cw = 7200, whereas for 12.5% eccentricity, it is only 20% higher.
Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks to Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms and Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration (2018)

Three-dimensional Tissue Engineered Aligned Astrocyte Networks To Recapitulate Developmental Mechanisms And Facilitate Nervous System Regeneration - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Novel Cell type-specific aptamer-siRNA delivery system for HIV-1 therapy (2007)

The successful use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for therapeutic purposes requires safe and efficient delivery to specific cells and tissues. Here we demonstrate cell type-specific delivery of anti-HIV siRNAs via fusion to an anti-gp120 aptamer. The envelope glycoprotein is expressed on the surface of HIV-1 infected cells, allowing binding and interalization of the aptamer-siRNA chimeric molecules. We demonstrate that the anti-gp120 aptamer-siRNA chimera is specifically taken up by cells expressing HIV-1 gp120, and the appended siRNA is processed by Dicer, releasing an anti-tat/rev siRNA which in turn inhibits HIV replication. We show for the first time a dual functioning aptamer-siRNA chimera in which both the aptamer and the siRNA portions have potent anti-HIV activities and that gp120 expressed on the surface of HIV infected cells can be used for aptamer mediated delivery of anti-HIV siRNAs.
Multi-object tracking driven event detection for evaluation (2008)

This paper describes a monocular object tracker, able to detect and track multiple object classes in non-controlled environments. Our tracking framework uses Bayesian per-pixel classification to segment an image into foreground and background objects, based on observations of object appearances and motions in real-time. Furthermore, semantically high level events are automatically extracted from the tracking data for performance evaluation. The reliability of the event detection is demonstrated by applying it to state-of-the-art methods and comparing the results to human annotated ground truth data for multiple public datasets.
Lower bounds for estimation of frequency and phase of Doppler signals (1995)

In phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) the phase between two sinusoidal signals should be estimated. In this paper we calculate theoretical lower bounds for how accurately this can be done (Cramer-Rao lower bounds). We prove that the maximum likelihood estimator for phase is obtained by a modified cross spectrum calculation, and show that this reaches the Cramer-Rao bound. We investigate specifically the effect of quantization of the Doppler signals, both theoretically and through computer simulations. We show that 1 bit quantization gives very serious problems around certain frequencies, whereas 4 bits are adequate for frequency estimation and more than 4 bits are needed for phase estimation. The results in this paper are also applicable in other fields in which estimation of the frequency and phase (difference) of sinusoidal signals is used.
Jejunal disaccharidases in protein energy malnutrition and recovery. (1994)

The jejunal disaccharidases, sucrase, maltase and lactase, were determined in jejunal biopsies obtained from 43 malnourished children and 10 controls. In the study group, 63% were girls and 93% had severe malnutrition. Lactase activity was significantly reduced in third and fourth degree malnutrition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively), but maltase activity was significantly reduced only in the fourth degree malnutrition (p < 0.01). After recovery, maltase and sucrase activities showed a marginally significant increase (p = 0.06), where lactase showed no significant increase (p > 0.05). We conclude that jejunal disaccharidase activity decreases significantly with increasing severity of malnutrition, lactase being the most severely affected and the last to recover.
Report on a NASA Astrobiology Institute–Funded Workshop Without Walls: Stellar Stoichiometry (2014)

We report on the NASA Astrobiology Institute-funded Workshop Without Walls entitled "Stellar Stoichiometry," hosted by the "Follow the Elements" team at Arizona State University in April 2013. We describe several innovative practices we adopted that made effective use of the Workshop Without Walls videoconferencing format, including use of information technologies, assignment of scientific tasks before the workshop, and placement of graduate students in positions of authority. A companion article will describe the scientific results arising from the workshop. Our intention here is to suggest best practices for future Workshops Without Walls.
Controlled Matching Game for Resource Allocation and User Association in WLANs (2015)

In multi-rate IEEE 802.11 WLANs, the traditional user association based on the strongest received signal and the well known anomaly of the MAC protocol can lead to overloaded Access Points (APs), and poor or heterogeneous performance. Our goal is to propose an alternative game-theoretic approach for association. We model the joint resource allocation and user association as a matching game with complementarities and peer effects consisting of selfish players solely interested in their individual throughputs. Using recent game-theoretic results we first show that various resource sharing protocols actually fall in the scope of the set of stability-inducing resource allocation schemes. The game makes an extensive use of the Nash bargaining and some of its related properties that allow to control the incentives of the players. We show that the proposed mechanism can greatly improve the efficiency of 802.11 with heterogeneous nodes and reduce the negative impact of peer effects such as its MAC anomaly. The mechanism can be implemented as a virtual connectivity management layer to achieve efficient APs-user associations without modification of the MAC layer.
Thrombin generation and thromboelastometry in monitoring the in-vitro reversal of warfarin: a comparison between 3-factor and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (2020)

: The efficacy of three-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) in the reversal of vitamin K antagonists is still a matter of debate. We compared the 'in-vitro' effect of three PCCs (one three-factor and two four-factor) on international normalized ratio (INR), thrombin generation and thromboelastometry of patients at different degrees of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist. We tested three concentrations of PCC (0.5, 1 and 1.5 U/ml) in six patients: three (INR 2.0-2.9) and three (INR 3.0-4.0). In this preliminary phase, we determined the lowest effective dose for a target INR less than 1.5 and to normalize endogenous thrombin potential and clotting time in EXTEM assay. In the validation phase, we tested the effect of the newly determined lowest effective PCC dose on samples of 40 (INR 2.0-2.9) and 20 (INR 3.0-4.0) patients. The minimum efficacious dosage to achieve the target INR with three-factor PCC (3-PCC) was 0.5 (INR 2.0-2.9) and 1.5 U/ml (INR 3.0-4.0). Four-factor PCCs (4-PCCs) achieved target INR with the lowest dose (0.5 U/ml) independently of baseline INR. Thrombin generation endogenous thrombin potential and EXTEM clotting time achieved normal values with the lowest dose (0.5 U/ml) of either 3-PCC or 4-PCC independently of baseline INR. Data observed in the preliminary phase were confirmed in the validation phase. 3-PCC appears to be as effective as 4-PCC in reversing oral anticoagulant treatment based on thrombin generation and EXTEM data, but not INR data, at least in the range of INR considered in our study. Further studies are needed to address the clinical implications of our results.
Shear force microscopy using piezoresistive cantilevers in surface metrology (2014)

In this article we describe application of piezoresistive cantilevers in surface investigations carried out with the use of shear force microscopy (ShFM). The novel piezoresistive cantilevers integrate a Wheatstone piezoresistive bridge was used to detect the cantilever deflection, thermal deflection detector and planar tip protruding out of the spring beam. Because the planar tip deflection can be detected and controlled electronically the described technology is very flexible and can be applied in many surface investigations. In this article we will present operation theory of the described solution, experimental setup, methods for calibration of the tip deflection detection and actuation The analysis will be illustrated with example results of topography measurements performed using the described technology.
Duce, an oracle-based approach to constructive induction (1987)

Duce 1 is a Machine Learning system which suggests high-level domain features to the user (or oracle on the basis of a set of example object descriptions. Six transformation operators are used to successively compress the given examples by generalisation and feature construction. In this paper Duce is illustrated by way of its construction of a simple animal taxonomy and a hierarchical parity checker. However, Duce&amp;apos;s main achievement has been the restructuring of a substantial expert system for deciding whether positions within the chess endgame of King-and-Pawn-on-a7 v. Kingand -Rook (KPa7KR) are won-for-white or not. The new concepts suggested by Duce for the chess expert system hierarchy were found to be meaningful by the chess expert Ivan Bratko. An existing manually created KPa7KR solution, which was the basis of a recent PhD thesis [ 20 ] , is compared to the structure interactively created by Duce. A second major expert system application of Duce was made within a diagnostic ...