gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer (2016)

The importance of the tumor microenvironment including immune cell infiltrates in breast cancer has long been recognized. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are prognostic and predictive; however, their prevalence as well as their prognostic and predictive power are subtype-dependent and appear most prominent in aggressive subtypes like triple-negative and HER2-positive disease. The immune responses observed in many cancers are attracted by tumor-associated antigens and, as suggested by recent research, by neoantigens - immunogenic antigens encoded for by non-synonymous mutations. The appealing promise of cancer vaccines has been pursued in breast cancer for over 2 decades; however, despite much effort having been put into vaccine trials, their clinical benefit, with the exception of some encouraging preliminary results, remains disappointing. The main hurdles compromising the efficacy of these vaccination strategies are the difficulties to generate broad and robust immune responses as well as to overcome immune escape mechanisms. The remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma and lung cancer has set the ground for a race in the clinical development of numerous agents targeting these immune escape mechanisms in many tumor entities. Early clinical data in metastatic breast cancer suggests at least some clinical activity. This review discusses the current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy in breast cancer.
Polymeric Michler's ketone photoinitiator containing coinitiator amine (2009)

Abstract Novel polymeric photoinitiator based on Michler's ketone (MK) (PMKPR) was synthesized by introducing coinitiator amine and MK into the same polymeric chain as well as the low‐molecular weight model compounds. UV–vis spectra show that PMKPR has the characteristic UV–vis absorption of MK. The photobleaching behavior of PMKPR and the model compounds were studied, indicating that the photobleaching rate of PMKPR is much faster than that of model compounds. Two types of monomer with different functionality, 2,2‐ bis [4‐(acryloxypolyethoxy)phenyl] propane (A‐BPE‐10) and trimethylopropane triacrylate (TMPTA), were chosen to be initiated by these photoinitiators. The result indicates that PMKPR is an efficient photoinitiator for polymerization of A‐BPE‐10 and TMPTA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystallization of Metallocene-Made Isotactic Polypropylene:  Disordered Modifications Intermediate between the α and γ Forms (2002)

A detailed analysis of the structure and the thermal behavior of samples of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) prepared with a highly regiospecific metallocene catalysts is presented. The samples present variable amounts of stereodefects (isolated rr triads) and provide the first example of metallocene-made iPP not including regioirregularities. They crystallize from the melt in mixtures of the α and γ forms. The content of the γ form increases with increasing the crystallization temperature, reaches a maximum value, and then decreases for a further increase of the temperature. The crystallization of the γ form is favored by the presence of stereodefects. The thermal analysis has indicated that the crystals of γ form melt at lower temperature than the crystals of α form obtained at the same crystallization temperature. A comparison between the experimental X-ray diffraction profiles of the melt-crystallized samples and the calculated profiles for models of structure has shown that the γ form obtained in these samples always presents structural disorder, which produces local situation of packing typical of the α form. The amount of structural disorder decreases with increasing the crystallization temperature and the degree of stereoregularity of the samples. The presence of disorder in the crystals of γ form accounts for their lower melting temperature. This analysis indicates that metallocene isotactic polypropylene crystallizes in a continuum of disordered modifications intermediate between the α and γ forms, and the amount of disorder present in the crystals depends on the crystallization conditions and on the stereoregularity of the sample.
Fractals in the Neurosciences, Part I: General Principles and Basic Neurosciences (2013)

The natural complexity of the brain, its hierarchical structure, and the sophisticated topological architecture of the neurons organized in micronetworks and macronetworks are all factors contributing to the limits of the application of Euclidean geometry and linear dynamics to the neurosciences. The introduction of fractal geometry for the quantitative analysis and description of the geometric complexity of natural systems has been a major paradigm shift in the last decades. Nowadays, modern neurosciences admit the prevalence of fractal properties such as self-similarity in the brain at various levels of observation, from the microscale to the macroscale, in molecular, anatomic, functional, and pathological perspectives. Fractal geometry is a mathematical model that offers a universal language for the quantitative description of neurons and glial cells as well as the brain as a whole, with its complex three-dimensional structure, in all its physiopathological spectrums. For a holistic view of fractal geometry of the brain, we review here the basic concepts of fractal analysis and its main applications to the basic neurosciences.
Reply to “Comment on ‘In Vivo Neuroimaging of Exosomes Using Gold Nanoparticles’” (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetter to the EditorNEXTReply to "Comment on 'In Vivo Neuroimaging of Exosomes Using Gold Nanoparticles'"Oshra BetzerOshra BetzerFaculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelThe Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelMore by Oshra Betzerhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-7024, Nisim PeretsNisim PeretsFelsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelMore by Nisim Perets, Ariel AngelAriel AngelFelsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelMore by Ariel Angel, Menachem MotieiMenachem MotieiFaculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelMore by Menachem Motiei, Tamar SadanTamar SadanFaculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelMore by Tamar Sadan, Daniel OffenDaniel OffenFelsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelMore by Daniel Offen, and Rachela Popovtzer*Rachela PopovtzerFaculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel*E-mail: [email protected]More by Rachela PopovtzerCite this: ACS Nano 2018, 12, 12, 11719–11720Publication Date (Web):December 26, 2018Publication History Received17 October 2018Published online26 December 2018Published inissue 26 December 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.8b07946https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b07946letterACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1562Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Gold,Mass spectrometry,Metal nanoparticles,Microscopy,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Glucose Variability on the Risk of Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

P 0.05) was observed when SDs of seven-point glycemic profiles were substituted for MAGE values.
Dynamic Hosts for High-Performance Li–S Batteries Studied by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy and in Situ X-ray Diffraction (2018)

Developing a high-performance sulfur host is central to the commercialization and general development of lithium–sulfur batteries. Here, for the first time, we propose the concept of dynamic hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries and elucidate the mechanism through which TiS<sub>2</sub> acts in such a fashion, using in situ X-ray diffraction and cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM). A TiS<sub>2</sub>–S composite electrode delivered a reversible capacity of 1120 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at 0.3 C after 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 97.0% and capacities of 886 and 613 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> at 1.0 C up to 200 and 1000 cycles, respectively. Finally, our results indicate that it is Li<sub><em>x</em></sub>TiS<sub>2</sub> (0 < <em>x</em> ≤ 1), rather than TiS<sub>2</sub>, that effectively traps polysulfides and catalytically decomposes Li<sub>2</sub>S.
Analysis of the SRY gene in Turner syndrome patients with Y chromosomal material (2001)

Editor—Turner syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormality syndromes affecting 1 in 2500 liveborn females. The syndrome is characterised by short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, congenital heart disease, renal anomalies, and a variety of somatic features including neck webbing, cubitus valgus, short neck, and widely set nipples. Nearly half of the patients have a classical 45,X karyotype while others have structurally abnormal sex chromosomes (for example, 46,X,i(Xq)) or are mosaics with other cell lines with normal (46,XX) or abnormal sex chromosomes.1-4 Among these, patients with Y chromosomal material require specific attention since many of these 45,X/46,XY Turner syndrome patients develop gonadoblastoma or dysgerminoma later in life.5 6 

Conventional chromosomal analysis indicates that 4-20% of patients with Turner syndrome have a Y chromosome or its derivatives.1-4 These figures could be even higher, since the more sensitive PCR based analysis has shown that 15-60% of cytogenetically 45,X females have Y chromosomal material.7-9 These findings mean that 10-50% of all Turner syndrome patients have Y chromosomal material and therefore are, to some extent, at risk of developing gonadoblastoma. A more precise understanding of the mechanism leading to generation of a 45,X/46,XY karyotype is therefore important for providing better care for these patients.

Karyotypes such as 45,X/46,XY are presumably caused by mitotic loss of the Y chromosome from the originally 46,XY fetus. It is not known, …
Reply to Comment on Quantum inversion of cold atoms in a microcavity: spatial dependence (2004)

The question raised by [Bastin and Martin 2003 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 4201] is examined and used to explain in more detail a key point of our calculations. They have sought to rebut criticisms raised by us of certain techniques used in the calculation of the off-resonance case. It is also explained why this result is not a problem for the off-resonance case, but, on the contrary, opens the door to a general situation. Their comment is based on a blatant misunderstanding of our proposal and as such is simply wrong.
Correction for source decay in bioluminescence tomography (2008)

Time variation of the bioluminescence source can cause artifacts in the tomographic images. We showed that the a priori knowledge of the light kinetics could be used to eliminate these artifacts. We performed two-dimensional simulations. We considered a 40-mm-diameter circular region with an inclusion of 6-mm-diameter located 10-mm away from the center. The measurement data was simulated using a finite element based forward solver. We modeled the non-contact measurements such that four-wavelength data was collected from four 90-degree-apart views. The results showed that the ratio of the total imaging time to the half-life of the exponentially decaying bioluminescent source was the deciding factor in the reconstruction of the source. It was also demonstrated that a priori knowledge of the source kinetics was required to perform tomographic bioluminescence imaging of short half-life bioluminescent sources and the use of spatial a priori information alone was not adequate.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry characterization of silicon/silicon-dioxide superlattices for photoluminescence and electroluminescence (2008)

Silicon based light emitting materials are of particular interest for integrating electric and photonic devices into an allsilicon platform. The progress of nano-scale fabrication has led to the ability to realize silicon emitters based on quantum confinement mechanisms. Quantum confinement in nano-structured silicon overcomes the indirect bandgap present in bulk silicon allowing for radiative emissions. Silicon/silicon dioxide superlattices employ two-dimensional confinement leading to light emission. Strong photoluminescence (PL) has been demonstrated in Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> superlattices, confirming the presence of quantum confinement effects. Our super lattice structures are grown using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) with alternating layers of silicon and silicon dioxide. Sub-10 nanometer periods are confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies. However, consistent and predictable PL and electroluminescence (EL) relies on precise measurement and characterization of the deposition process. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) offers a non-destructive extremely sensitive method of optical characterization which provides us with the required control. We present characterization of our superlattice structures using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The ellipsometer allows us to measure optical properties of the individual layers of ultra-thin silicon as a part of Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> superlattices. We demonstrate the change in the imaginary part of the dielectric function and the bandgap for a-Si. We also generate deposition rate curves for very specific PECVD recipes and apply this information to further SE characterization and modeling of multi-period superlattice structures.
Downregulation of a Chitin Deacetylase-Like Protein in Response to Baculovirus Infection and Its Application for Improving Baculovirus Infectivity (2009)

Several expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with homology to chitin deacetylase-like protein (CDA) were selected from a group of Helicoverpa armigera genes whose expression changed after infection with H. armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV). Some of these ESTs coded for a midgut protein containing a chitin deacetylase domain (CDAD). The expressed protein, HaCDA5a, did not show chitin deacetylase activity, but it showed a strong affinity for binding to chitin. Sequence analysis showed the lack of any chitin binding domain, described for all currently known peritrophic membrane (PM) proteins. HaCDA5a has previously been detected in the H. armigera PM. Such localization, together with its downregulation after pathogen infection, led us to hypothesize that this protein might be responsible for the homeostasis of the PM structure and that, by reduction of its expression, the insect may reduce PM permeability, decreasing the entrance of baculovirus. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a recombinant nucleopolyhedrovirus to express HaCDA5a in insect cells and tested its influence on PM permeability as well as the influence of HaCDA5a expression on the performance of the baculovirus. The experiments showed that HaCDA5a increased PM permeability, in a concentration-dependent manner. Bioassays on Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua larvae revealed that NPV expressing HaCDA5a was more infective than its parental virus. However, no difference in virulence was observed when the viruses were injected intrahemocoelically. These findings support the downregulation of a midgut-specific CDA-like protein as a possible mechanism used by H. armigera to reduce susceptibility to baculovirus by decreasing PM permeability.
Layer‐stripping of azimuthal anisotropy from reflection shear‐wave data (1995)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995Layer‐stripping of azimuthal anisotropy from reflection shear‐wave dataAuthors: Leon ThomsenIlya TsvankinMichael C. MuellerLeon ThomsenAmoco Exploration and Production, Ilya TsvankinColorado School of Mines, and Michael C. MuellerAmoco Exploration and Productionhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887471 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887471FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byIdentification of fractured carbonate vuggy reservoirs in the S48 well area using 3D 3C seismic technique: A case history from the Tarim BasinZongjie Li, Yun Wang, Zichuan Yang, Haiying Li, and Guangming Yu21 December 2018 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 84, No. 1Fracture detection via correlating P-wave amplitude variation with offset and azimuth analysis and well data in eastern central Saudi ArabiaAli H. Al-Gawas and Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail20 September 2017 | Interpretation, Vol. 5, No. 4Converted-wave splitting estimation and compensationJames L. Simmons30 December 2008 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 74, No. 1Twelve years of vertical birefringence in nine‐component VSP dataDonald F. Winterstein, Gopa S. De, and Mark A. Meadows7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 66, No. 2Coarse‐layer stripping of vertically variable azimuthal anisotropy from shear‐wave dataLeon Thomsen, Ilya Tsvankin, and Michael C. Mueller7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 64, No. 4 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1995ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1995 Pages: 1566 publication data© 1995 Copyright © 1995 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Leon Thomsen, Ilya Tsvankin, and Michael C. Mueller, (1995), "Layer‐stripping of azimuthal anisotropy from reflection shear‐wave data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887471 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Functional design features and initial performance characteristics of a magnetic-implant guidance system for stereotactic neurosurgery (1995)

A helmet with a roughly cubic array of six super-conducting coils is used to apply force on a small permanent magnet pellet in brain or in brain phantom material. This apparatus, called the Magnetic Stereotaxis System, will be used to deliver drugs and other therapies directly into deep brain tissues, under control of a computer and fluoroscopic imaging system. This paper considers only the force application aspects of the instrument. The primary design features of the helmet and power supply controls are presented, along with field plot data and single-axis motion results. The field plot data show that agreement with the finite-element iron-free field calculations is sufficiently high (> 1%) for the instrument. These preliminary motion data indicate accuracy better than 2 mm for the impulsive pellet motion, even though the visual position observations had significantly greater error than the completed imaging system will have. The companion paper will take up analysis of the control aspects of the motion, and our recent solutions to difficulties found in the experimental work described here.
Semantic Content Management for Enterprises and the Web (2002)

this article, we describe the Semantic Content Organization and Retrieval Engine (SCORE) technology in depth, and use it as the basis of describing some of the key components in building Semantic Web solutions. This is also an example of technology, which originated from academia, in this case the Large Scale Distributed Information Systems Lab (LSDIS) at the University of Georgia, and was licensed to start a company, Taalee, Inc. Taalee was later acquired by Voquette, Inc. (now Semagix), which now provides commercial product suite Freedom based on the SCORE technology. The focus of this paper is on the patented SCORE technology [SAB01] and what it has to offer now and in the near term. Broad-based commercial adoption and Sheth et. al. Semantic Content Management for Enterprises and the Web. IEEE Internet Computing, July/August 2002, pp. 80-87
Femoral and Distal Internal Carotid Artery Pressures During Systemic Hypotension for Assessing Cerebral Vascular Reserve (1998)

Ostapkovich, Noeleen REEG/EPT; Joshi, Shailendra MD; Young, William L. MD; Gao, Erzhen PhD; Pile-Spellman, John MDAuthor Information
The sulphydryl plus disulphide content in the proteins of durum wheat and its relationship with the cooking quality of pasta (1987)

Abstract Semolina samples were obtained from several durum wheat cultivars. The cooking quality of the spaghetti prepared from the semolina showed both inter and intravarietal differences. Proteins from semolina were extracted sequentially and both the reactive and total SH plus SS content of the protein extracts determined amperometrically. The albumin‐globulin fractions contained the highest amounts of both reactive and total SH plus SS groups. The total SH plus SS content was higher in the gliadins than in the glutenins but the latter contained higher amounts of reactive SH plus SS groups. A highly significant correlation was found between the total amount of SH plus SS content of the glutenins and the cooking quality of the samples (r=0.835): This might be a functional relation.
Challenge-Based Instruction: The VaNTH Biomechanics Learning Modules. (2007)

This paper presents the methodology and results of teaching an engineering course using a challenge-based approach. The challenges consisted of eight biomechanics learning modules developed as part of the VaNTH NSF educational coalition. The pedagogical framework for these modules is based on the widely publicized book How People Learn (HPL). The HPL teaching framework presents the learning material as a series of challenges that are posed through a Legacy Cycle. The VaNTH biomechanics modules were presented in an undergraduate Mechanical Engineering course titled of Human Movement in Fall 2004. The class (N=18) was divided into three-member teams. All challenges were performed by the teams using computer-based homework assignments that were supplied by the instructor on a CD. Pre-tests, post-tests, and affect rankings were administered for each modular topic. The students were also surveyed on the learning effectiveness of the various components of each module. At the end of the semester, the students completed a Biomechanics topics matrix that mapped the challenges to the various class topics. Results of this classroom experience and data gathering are presented in this paper. © 2005 IEEE.