gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptor and Leukocyte Ig-Like Receptor Transgenic Mice Exhibit Tissue- and Cell-Specific Transgene Expression (2003)

To generate an experimental model for exploring the function, expression pattern, and developmental regulation of human Ig-like activating and inhibitory receptors, we have generated transgenic mice using two human genomic clones: 52N12 (a 150-Kb clone encompassing the leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILR)B1 (ILT2), LILRB4 (ILT3), and LILRA1 (LIR6) genes) and 1060P11 (a 160-Kb clone that contains ten killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes). Both the KIR and LILR families are encoded within the leukocyte receptor complex, and are involved in immune modulation. We have also produced a novel mAb to LILRA1 to facilitate expression studies. The LILR transgenes were expressed in a similar, but not identical, pattern to that observed in humans: LILRB1 was expressed in B cells, most NK cells, and a small number of T cells; LILRB4 was expressed in a B cell subset; and LILRA1 was found on a ring of cells surrounding B cell areas on spleen sections, consistent with other data showing monocyte/macrophage expression. KIR transgenic mice showed KIR2DL2 expression on a subset of NK cells and T cells, similar to the pattern seen in humans, and expression of KIR2DL4, KIR3DS1, and KIR2DL5 by splenic NK cells. These observations indicate that linked regulatory elements within the genomic clones are sufficient to allow appropriate expression of KIRs in mice, and illustrate that the presence of the natural ligands for these receptors, in the form of human MHC class I proteins, is not necessary for the expression of the KIRs observed in these mice.
Developing a virtual environment for better sensory perception (2008)

In sensor networks different types of sensors are used to capture events, recognize contexts, derive states of objects or monitor processes within application scenarios. We envision the use of the presented technology in areas that are very complex, e.g. in industrial applications. The presented system uses sensor information from wireless sensor nodes that are forwarded and aggregated in an information processing system. The high density of both number of sensors and overall sensor readings leads to an information overload situation, where it is difficult for a human to perceive detailed information using text based information input. We propose the use of a virtual environment - SensorRAUM - for improved sensory perception.
[Factors related to the pathogenesis and clinicopathological findings in dilated cardiomyopathy]. (1986)

It has been suggested that various factors related to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) may concern its onset and/or progression. This study was performed to clarify whether these factors contribute different clinical and morphological characteristics. Subjects were 39 patients with DCM, consisting of 28 men and 11 women whose average age was 46.5 years. The subjects were divided into five groups; namely, the Familial, Myocarditic, Alcoholic, Hypertensive, and Unknown Groups. Clinical parameters including past history, blood pressure, chest radiographs, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) were evaluated. Morphology of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens was evaluated in terms of hypertrophy, disarrangement, fibrosis, degeneration, endocardial thickening, interstitial changes, and types of fibrosis. The results were as follows: The Familial Group was characterized by the onset at younger age, highly elevated LVEDP, a lack of myocardial hypertrophy, and proliferation of small vessels. The Myocarditic Group was characterized by the onset at young age, elevated LVEDP, severe fibrosis showing a plexiform pattern in more than half of the patients, cellular disarrangement, and cellular infiltration. The Alcoholic Group showed possible improvement clinically and fatty infiltration in half of the patients. The Hypertensive Group was characterized by high prevalence of a previous alcohol intake, high diastolic blood pressure on admission, clinical improvement, and myocardial hypertrophy with a mild degree of perivascular fibrosis. From these findings, it is thought that each factor related to DCM offers a somewhat different clinical and histological profiles and that these factors may play an important role in the onset and/or progression of DCM. Furthermore, it is highly suggestive that specific therapy against these factors or the removal of these factors is especially necessary for favorable long-term prognosis of DCM.
Toughening of trifunctional epoxy system. V. Structure-property relationships of neat resin (2000)

This work presents an investigation into the structure–property relationships of a cured highly crosslinked epoxy/amine resin system. The mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the cured and postcured networks were measured and compared to the chemical structures. Crosslink density was shown to be dependent upon secondary amine conversion and it determined the glass transition temperatures, water uptake, density, toughness, and compressive strength. Other properties such as compressive modulus and yield stress were determined by more short-range molecular motions. Curing at a temperature of 150°C was shown to be the minimum temperature required to “completely” cure the network and achieve optimum mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 237–248, 2000
Transcriptional regulation and prostate cancer risk loci. (2013)

1554 Background: While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci at which common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are clearly associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer, the mechanism by which these variants influence disease is not clear. Based on the observation that regions of the genome with marks of transcriptional regulatory elements harbor SNPs that are more likely to be under negative selective pressure, we hypothesized that many prostate cancer associated SNPs, or their correlated proxies in linkage disequilibrium, function by altering regulation of nearby genes through alteration of transcription factor binding sites. Two predictions of this hypothesis are that there will be an enrichment of prostate cancer risk SNPs or their proxies in regulatory elements in prostate tissue and that some of these SNPs will correlate with the expression levels of nearby genes. Methods: To test the first prediction, we compared the number of prostate cancer risk SNPs (or their proxies) that overlap with DNase hypersensitive sites in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line with randomly selected SNPs matched for allele frequency, distance from nearby genes, and local gene density. To test the second prediction, we asked if any of the known prostate cancer risk SNPs are associated with mRNA expression levels of nearby genes. Results: We found a four-fold enrichment of real prostate cancer risk SNPs overlapping with DNase hypersensitive sites versus the random set (p=0.03) at an r 2 threshold of 0.95. In both tumor and benign prostate tissue, we found that a recently identified prostate cancer risk SNP is associated with expression levels of IRX4, a transcription factor previously implicated only in cardiac development. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that many GWAS-identified risk SNPs alter transcriptional regulation of nearby genes.
[Effect of chitosan gene nanoparticles on L02 cells]. (2008)

CNPs can induce L02 cell apoptosis at relatively higher concentrations.
Synthesis Protocols for δ-Doped NaYF4:Yb,Er (2014)

A novel structure, δ-doped NaYF4:Yb,Er, has been proposed for significantly enhancing the fluorescence efficiency of up-conversion phosphors. Theoretical calculations indicate that these new δ-doped NaYF4:Yb,Er structures will suppress the Yb3+-defect energy transfer rate while effectively preserving or enhancing the Yb3+ to Er3+ energy transfer. To investigate this effect δ-doped NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals have been synthesized according to the designed structure model and the prepared samples characterized physically by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDS) and optically by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Well-defined doping geometries of the order of 3–5 nm in width were clearly identified, both spatially and chemically. The up-converted emission spectra data were consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Drop-to-Drop Variation in the Cellular Components of Fingerprick Blood (2015)

These data suggest caution when using measurements from a single drop of fingerprick blood.
Effect of cover crops established at time of corn planting on phosphorus runoff from soils before and after dairy manure application (2005)

ABSTRACT: Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural soils is a concern due to eutrophication. The simultaneous corn and cover crop system was developed by U.S. Department of Agriculture9s Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) for dairy farms in the northeastern United States, where short growing seasons have limited fall seeding of cover crops. The simultaneous corn and cover crop system uses post-emergence imidazolinone herbicides to allow for simultaneous seeding of cover crops with silage corn. Trials were established at two locations in the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed, New York, part of New York City9s drinking water supply system, to assess the effects of this cover cropping system on water quality. Rain simulations (60 mm hr−1) were conducted to evaluate the initial 30 minutes of runoff from small (1 × 2 m; 3 ft × 7 ft) plots before and after surface application of dairy manure (50 or 100 kg total P ha−1; 45 or 89 lb P ac−1). Corn yields from plots interseeded with red clover compared most favorably with the conventionally cropped controls, with no significant differences in yields noted between the two treatments at either location. Prior to dairy manure application, losses of P in runoff were primarily a function of erosion. Because all cover crops increased ground cover (up to 81 percent greater than the control), total P loads in runoff were significantly lower from cover cropped plots (averaging 10 mg per plot) than from conventionally cropped controls (averaging 39 mg per plot). At the same time, suspended solids loads averaged 25.3 g (1 oz) from the control plots and 5.9 g (0.2 oz) from the cover crop plots. Despite concern that release of soluble P from the cover crops could enrich dissolved reactive P in runoff, dissolved reactive P losses from the simultaneous corn and cover crop system were generally not different from conventionally-cropped silage corn losses. Application of manure obscured cover crop/conventional silage corn treatment differences with regard to P runoff, with dissolved reactive P becoming the dominant form of P in runoff due to contributions of readily soluble P in manure. Because runoff P losses were already high from unmanured conventional silage corn plots, application of manure did not significantly increase P losses from some of the conventional silage corn treatments. Results highlight the agronomic and water quality benefits of the simultaneous corn and cover crop system, particularly when implemented with red clover.
Changing Concepts in the Management of Severe Ocular Surface Disease Over Twenty-five Years (2000)

From the University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Eye Institute (E.J.H.), Cincinnati, Ohio; and the University of Minnesota, and Associated Eye Care, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. Submitted February 2, 2000. Accepted April 30, 2000. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. E.J. Holland, Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Eye Institute, 10494 Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, OH 45242, U.S.A.
Characterization of miniature antenna for sub-GHz on-body applications (2017)

In this paper, a fast characterization technique for on-body small devices is presented. This method is used to extract the radiation performance of two different structures placed on a belt over a human abdomen at 868 MHz. Results show that the Planar Inverted F structure has a measured Mean Gain 7.65 dB higher than the planar IFA structure for the on-body scenario.
2,6-Disubstituted and 2,6,8-Trisubstituted Purines as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2006)

Purines have long been exploited as adenosine receptor antagonists. The substitution pattern about the purine ring has been well investigated, and certain criteria have become almost a prerequisite for good affinity at the adenosine A(1) receptor. The adaptation of the pharmacophore and the initial series of pyrimidines developed in an earlier publication resulted in a series of purines with an entirely new substitution pattern. One compound in particular, 8-cyclopentyl-2,6-diphenylpurine (31, LUF 5962) has been shown to be very promising with an affinity of 0.29 nM at the human adenosine A(1) receptor.
Data from XPO1/CRM1 Inhibition Causes Antitumor Effects by Mitochondrial Accumulation of eIF5A (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; XPO1 inhibitors have shown promise for cancer treatment, and yet the underlying mechanisms for the antitumor effects are not well understood. In this study, we explored the usefulness of selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) compounds that are specific inhibitors of XPO1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We used proteomic analysis in XPO1 inhibitor–treated ovarian cancer cell lines and examined antitumor effects in ovarian and breast cancer mouse models. We also studied the effects of XPO1 inhibitor in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; XPO1 inhibitor treatment substantially increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (60%) after 72 hours of incubation. XPO1 inhibitor promoted the accumulation of eIF5A in mitochondria, leading to cancer cell death. Topotecan showed the greatest synergistic effect with XPO1 inhibitor. XPO1 inhibitors prevented the translocation of IGF2BP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby permitting the localization of eIF5A in the mitochondria. This process was p53, RB, and FOXO independent. Significant antitumor effects were observed with XPO1 inhibitor monotherapy in orthotopic ovarian (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and breast (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) cancer mouse models, with a further decrease in tumor burden observed in combination with topotecan or paclitaxel (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). This mitochondrial accumulation of eIF5A was highly dependent on the cytoplasmic IGF2BP1 levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We have unveiled a new understanding of the role of eIF5A and IGF2BP1 in XPO1 inhibitor–mediated cell death and support their clinical development for the treatment of ovarian and other cancers. Our data also ascertain the combinations of XPO1 inhibitors with specific chemotherapy drugs for therapeutic trials. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3286–97. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Theoretical formulation of the vacuum ultraviolet production efficiency in a plasma display panel (2000)

The theoretical formulation given in this article allows the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) production efficiency to be calculated from the electron temperature of the plasma and the gas parameters including gas mixing ratio, excitation energies, and excitation cross sections using the separately determined conversion efficiency of the plasma input power into the electron heating power. The VUV production efficiencies calculated for (Ne+Xe) mixture (neon (Ne) and xenon (Xe) mixture) discharge gases using the formulation show that the efficiency can be increased by decreasing the electron temperature and by increasing the amount of Xe in the gas mixture. A method for determining the electron temperature of the plasma display panel (PDP) plasma from emission intensity measurements was also given, and was used to show that the electron temperature in the ordinary PDP plasma is 3 eV.
128 Channels of Integrated Filter Array in the NIR Region Fabricated by Using The Combinatorial Deposition Technique (2006)

A combinatorial deposition technique is developed to fabricate integrated narrow bandpass filters (NBPFs) on a single substrate. It is highly efficient for the fabrication of integrated filter arrays in optical regions. An array integrated with 128 NBPFs has been fabricated by using the technique with only a nine-step deposition process. The pass-bands of the filters distribute almost linearly in the range of 722.0-880.0 nm. Their relative bandwidth is smaller than 0.44%.
The Publication of Commercially Supported Supplements Statement (1995)

In Response: Dr. Cullen states "... because these supplements will be distributed for promotional purposes, they must meet the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) labeling regulations." Speaking only as the editor of the first supplement published by Anesthesia & Analgesia, namely the one about desflurane, I knew of no such restrictions. Had desflurane been shown to be an excellent spot remover for neckties, I would have happily published that article, assuming the science seemed solid. Dr. Cullen misses two very basic points. First, our readers are sophisticated practicing clinical pharmacologists. His implication that information must be carefully censored before the supposedly naive, unsuspecting medical public can be "exposed" to it just doesn't take that sophistication into account. Second, although the FDA is justifiably concerned about indiscriminate (e.g., unmonitored) "off label" drug usage by physicians, we do need to be reminded, from time to time, of drugs like nitroprusside, which came into usage in the early 1950s for severe hypertension, yet was not FDA approved for any use until 1974, or lidocaine, which gained wide acceptance (and benefited many patients) as an anti-arrhythmic long before FDA approval for that usage. Journals must be free to publish articles in which drugs are used for different indications and/or at different dosages. Long live both the First and Fourth Amendments. By the way, as far as I know, trichloroethlene was the last really good spot remover for neckties. During my residency at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Dr. Burnell Brown loved to demonstrate this property of trichloroethlene (it wasn't that great an anesthetic though)! John H. Tinker, MD Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242
Selective Vulnerability of the Brain: New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Stroke (1989)

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States with 250,000 cases per year. Cerebral ischemia is the largest category of stroke with cardiac arrest, profound hypotension, and vascular occlusion the principal causes. Traditional approaches to the treatment of ischemic stroke focus on maintaining cardiac output, blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and on preventing thrombosis. Recently, attention has been focused on developing new therapies that are directed toward abnormal biochemical events at excitatory synapses. Ischemia causes impairment of brain energy metabolism and the release of excessive amounts of glutamate into the extracellular space. This process secondarily excites neurons and further depletes energy stores. The excitotoxic hypothesis of brain injury proposes that glutamate is a principal cause of damage in ischemia. Three components of this hypothesis have been tested and largely proved in experimental studies in tissue culture and in animal models of stroke. First, elevated concentrations of glutamate cause excessive excitation at a subset of glutamate receptors, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Second, excitation at this receptor leads to excessive influx of sodium chloride and water which causes acute neuronal damage, and calcium which causes delayed and more permanent damage. Third, pharmacologic blockade at the NMDA receptor-ion channel complex prevents ischemic neuronal damage. Studies using specific pharmacologic compounds that block glutamate's action hold particular promise for treating stroke in humans, including competitive antagonists at the NMDA glutamate binding site (for example, 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, AP5), noncompetitive antagonists at the calcium channel (for example, MK-801, dextromethorphan, ketamine), and agents that might be directed at the glycine, zinc, and magnesium sites.
Role of endurance exercise in immune senescence (1994)

The immune system undergoes significant changes with advancing age. The increased incidence of malignancy, infectious disease, and autoimmune disorders with age is felt to be linked with this decline of immunocompetence. The aging process does not uniformly affect the immune system, however, and there is a high degree of individual variation. There is growing evidence that the variation in immune function among the elderly is associated at least in part with environmental factors such as nutritional status and physical activity. Although investigation of the relationship between endurance exercise and immune function in elderly subjects has just recently begun, data from the few studies available are intriguing and have potential for widespread public health influence. These data are reviewed in this paper, with directions given for future research.
Recommended test procedures for rating the performance of gas-engine-driven heat pumps (1987)

This paper describes recently developed and recommended performance tests and analysis procedures to characterize the heating and cooling performance of gas-engine heat pumps so that their overall seasonal performance, energy usage, and operating costs can be estimated for various climates and building loads. Altogether, 17 performance test points are described which will be sufficient to measure the steady-state and cyclic heating and cooling performance of a variable-capacity engine-driven heat pump operating over a wide range of outdoor air temperature. These 17 tests include 11 steady-state performance tests, two part-load cyclic test, one defrost cyclic test, one auxiliary heater steady-state test, and two domestic water heating steady-state tests. The data analysis procedures and equations given in the paper will allow the performance test data for a given engine heat pump to be used to perform a BIN analysis for a selected climate and building load. The final calculated results will indicate the expected seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) for both heating and cooling, as well as the seasonal and annual operating costs for the gas-engine-driven heat pump. Also, a ''cost COP'' equation is presented that allows an approximate comparison to be made between the COP of a gas heat pump andmore » an all-electric heat pump, while recognizing the cost ratio of gas to electricity.« less