gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear frequency modulation chirps for active sonar (1999)

Range sidelobe suppression in pulse-compression radars and sonars is conventionally performed using amplitude windowing in either the time or frequency domains. Using peak power limited transmitters, this inevitably causes a degradation in the signal-to-noise ratio available at the receiver output owing to shading or mismatch losses. Nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) chirps have been suggested as a solution to this problem and have been successfully implemented in a number of radar systems. Using appropriate NLFM functions it is possible to shape the energy spectrum of a chirp, achieving low-range sidelobes, without the need for any amplitude windowing and hence maintaining maximum efficiency. In the field of active sonar, NLFM chirps have been largely ignored because of their poor Doppler tolerance compared with conventional linear period modulation (LPM) chirps. It is shown that a combination of amplitude windowing and NLFM can be used to achieve a compromise between sidelobe suppression, Doppler tolerance and shading loss. Using a novel family of NLFM functions a significant performance advantage over LPM chirps can be attained over a useful range of target velocities. Experimental results support this argument.
A Chloroplastic UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Arabidopsis Is the Committed Enzyme for the First Step of Sulfolipid Biosynthesis (2009)

Plants synthesize a sulfur-containing lipid, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, which is one of three nonphosphorus glycerolipids that provide the bulk of the structural lipids in photosynthetic membranes. Here, the identification of a novel gene, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase3 (UGP3), required for sulfolipid biosynthesis is described. Transcriptome coexpression analysis demonstrated highly correlated expression of UGP3 with known genes for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of leaf lipids in two Arabidopsis ugp3 mutants revealed that no sulfolipid was accumulated in these mutants, indicating the participation of UGP3 in sulfolipid biosynthesis. From the deduced amino acid sequence, UGP3 was presumed to be a UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) involved in the generation of UDP-glucose, serving as the precursor of the polar head of sulfolipid. Recombinant UGP3 was able to catalyze the formation of UDP-glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and UTP. A transient assay using fluorescence fusion proteins and UGPase activity in isolated chloroplasts indicated chloroplastic localization of UGP3. The transcription level of UGP3 was increased by phosphate starvation. A comparative genomics study on UGP3 homologs across different plant species suggested the structural and functional conservation of the proteins and, thus, a committing role for UGP3 in sulfolipid synthesis.
Oxide ion conduction and dielectric relaxations for Ce<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Y<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2-<i>x</i>/2</sub> system. (2010)

Relationship between oxide ion conduction and dielectric relaxation in the Ce1-xYxO2-x/2 system (0≦x≦0.5) was investigated in order to clarify the dynamic properties of oxide ion conduction. The frequency dependence of dielectric constant was explained by the superposition of Debye-type polarization due to dopant-vacancy associates and charge current on electrolyte-electrode interface. The frequency dependence of ac conductivity was also explained by use of the dielectric parameters obtained from the numerical analysis of dielectric constant. Additionally, the polarization hysteresis curves of the oxide ion conductor were also measured to investigate the Debye-type dipoles in detail. As a result, it was found that the observed remanent polarizations have a close relation with the polarization of dopant-vacancy associates.
Aberrant DNA Methylation, Expression, and Occurrence of Transcript Variants of the ABC Transporter ABCA7 in Breast Cancer (2023)

The ABC transporter ABCA7 has been found to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancer types, including breast cancer. We searched for specific epigenetic and genetic alterations and alternative splicing variants of ABCA7 in breast cancer and investigated whether these alterations are associated with ABCA7 expression. By analyzing tumor tissues from breast cancer patients, we found CpGs at the exon 5-intron 5 boundary aberrantly methylated in a molecular subtype-specific manner. The detection of altered DNA methylation in tumor-adjacent tissues suggests epigenetic field cancerization. In breast cancer cell lines, DNA methylation levels of CpGs in promoter-exon 1, intron 1, and at the exon 5-intron 5 boundary were not correlated with <i>ABCA7</i> mRNA levels. By qPCR involving intron-specific and intron-flanking primers, we identified intron-containing <i>ABCA7</i> mRNA transcripts. The occurrence of intron-containing transcripts was neither molecular subtype-specific nor directly correlated with DNA methylation at the respective exon-intron boundaries. Treatment of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR3, and MDA-MB-231 with doxorubicin or paclitaxel for 72 h resulted in altered <i>ABCA7</i> intron levels. Shotgun proteomics revealed that an increase in intron-containing transcripts was associated with significant dysregulation of splicing factors linked to alternative splicing.
Management of Osteoporotic Fractures of Upper Extremities (2002)

I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................269 II. Proximal Humerus Fracture...............................................................................................270
Pore morphology and the mechanism of pore formation in n-type silicon (1992)

Porous layers formed in n-type silicon are characterized by pores of square cross section oriented perpendicular to the (100) plane. The pore walls are defined by the {011} planes in the [100] zone with secondary pores propagating from the main pores in the 〈010〉 and 〈001〉 directions. The pores are located in an array with a characteristic spacing. The characteristic pore morphology during stable pore propagation is explained in terms of a tunneling mechanism due to a high-field region created by the curvature at the pore front. The pore spacing is determined by the distance at which the region between the pores becomes fully depleted.
Adhesion Improving of TiO<sub>2</sub>-Coated Fabrics (2007)

Adhesion between TiO2 coatings and the fabrics was improved by using a silane adhesive agent. To investigate a suitable method of applying adhesive agent, two different coating methods were conducted. The silane was either mixed with Ti precursor for fabric dipping, or coated onto the fabrics before dipping them in a Ti precursor. The effect of Ti precursor, sol and colloid, on coating morphology was also studied. It was found that continuous coating with no cracking was obtained when the fabrics were pre-treated with the silane. The TiO2 coatings had good adhesion, regardless of the method of applying the adhesive agent. Thick, cracked coatings were obtained from Ti colloid precursor while continuous coating was obtained from the Ti sol precursor.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors: future therapeutic strategies for epilepsy management (2019)

Epilepsy, a common multifactorial neurological disease, affects about 69 million people worldwide constituting nearly 1% of the world population. Despite decades of extensive research on understanding its underlying mechanism and developing the pharmacological treatment, very little is known about the biological alterations leading to epileptogenesis. Due to this gap, the currently available antiepileptic drug therapy is symptomatic in nature and is ineffective in 30% of the cases. Mounting evidences revealed the pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in epilepsy which has shifted the focus of epilepsy researchers towards the development of neuroinflammation-targeted therapeutics for epilepsy management. Markedly increased expression of key inflammatory mediators in the brain and blood-brain barrier may affect neuronal function and excitability and thus may increase seizure susceptibility in preclinical and clinical settings. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme synthesizing the proinflammatory mediators, prostaglandins, has widely been reported to be induced during seizures and is considered to be a potential neurotherapeutic target for epilepsy management. However, the efficacy of such therapy involving COX-2 inhibition depends on various factors viz., therapeutic dose, time of administration, treatment duration, and selectivity of COX-2 inhibitors. This article reviews the preclinical and clinical evidences supporting the role of COX-2 in seizure-associated neuroinflammation in epilepsy and the potential clinical use of COX-2 inhibitors as a future strategy for epilepsy treatment.
Evaluation of Glomerular Hemodynamic Function by Empagliflozin in Diabetic Mice Using In Vivo Imaging (2019)

Adenosine/A1 adenosine receptor pathways play a pivotal role in the regulation of the single-nephron glomerular filtration rate via tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms in response to sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition, which may contribute to renal and cardiovascular protective effects reported in clinical trials.
Effect of ethanolic seed extract of Bauhinia purpurea linn on cognition in scopolamine induced Alzheimer’s disease rat’s model (2015)

The present study was taken to investigate the effect of Ethanolic Seed extract of Bauhinia purpurea Linn (ESEBP) in Scopolamine induced Alzheimer's disease rat model.
THE RON RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE REGULATES ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND SUPPRESSES NUCLEAR FACTOR κB ACTIVATION (2007)

Emerging information implies that the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase may play a role in the inflammatory response. However, the manner in which this receptor contributes to the response is not well understood. In the present studies, we investigated the role of the Ron receptor in the acute lung inflammatory response. Wild-type and mutant mice lacking the tyrosine kinase domain of Ron (Ron TK-/-) were subjected to acute lung injury induced by intranasal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Wild-type mice showed increased lung injury after LPS administration, as determined by the leakage of albumin into the lung and by histopathological changes. Ron TK-/- mice had more than twice the amount of albumin leak and much greater thickening of the alveolar septae. Lipopolysaccharide administration caused neutrophil recruitment into the lungs, as measured by myeloperoxidase. However, Ron TK-/- mice had much higher baseline levels of myeloperoxidase, which did not increase further after LPS. Lung injury in wild-type mice occurred with activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and subsequent increases in intrapulmonary generation of tumor necrosis factor alpha. In TK-/- mice, there was far less IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta protein and greater activation of NF-kappaB. This was associated with substantially increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and the nitric oxide (NO) by-product, nitrite. The data suggest that the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase plays an important regulatory role in acute inflammatory lung injury by suppressing signals leading to activation of NF-kappaB.
Role of sepsis modulated circulating microRNAs. (2019)

Sepsis is a life-threating condition with dysregulated systemic host response to microbial pathogens leading to disproportionate inflammatory response and multi-organ failure. Various biomarkers are available for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis; however, these laboratory parameters may show limitations in these severe clinical conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs with the function of post-transcriptional gene silencing. They normally control numerous intracellular events, such as signaling cascade downstream of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to avoid excessive inflammation after infection. In contrast, abnormal miRNA expression contributes to the development of sepsis correlating with its clinical features and outcomes. Based on recent clinical studies altered levels of circulating miRNAs can act as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in sepsis. In this review, we summarized the available data about TLR-mediated inflammatory signaling with its intracellular response in immune cells and platelets upon sepsis, which are, at least in part, under the regulation of miRNAs. Furthermore, the role of circulating miRNAs is also described as potential laboratory biomarkers in sepsis.
Structure-morphology and tear strength of oriented tapes of polyethylene and its blends. III (1996)

The tear energy (Gc) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/ethylene copolymer blended drawn tapes in orientation direction has been studied systematically with respect to structural parameters. In all cases the values of Gc were in the range of 0.8–8.0 kJ m−2. The results showed a direct relationship between amorphous phase orientation and Gc of drawn tapes. The decrease in Gc with molecular orientation of tapes is due to the formation of large number of elongated voids at the interfibrillar regions and diminution of viscous flow occuring in the vicinity of the propagating crack tip. An increase in Gc in the range of 15–45% was obtained for HDPE blended tapes containing about 10% of the second-blend component either as ethylene-vinyl acetate or ethylene propylene-diene terpolymer or eth-ylene-propylene block copolymer. This relates to the increase in fraction of amorphous phase and extensive molecular network in the interfibrillar amorphous regions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessing the Origin and Fate of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and V in Industrial Polluted Soil by Combined Microspectroscopic Techniques and Bulk Extraction Methods (2007)

The major geochemical forms of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and V in a soil from an industrial polluted site in the south of Italy were determined by means of synchrotron X-ray microanalytical techniques such as coupled micro-X-ray fluorescence/micro-X-ray diffraction and micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy in combination with bulk extraction methods (sequential extraction procedures, EDTA extractions, and toxicity leaching characteristic procedure tests). Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu were found in spinel-type geochemical forms (chromite, trevorite, franklinite, zincochromite, and cuprospinel) and often in association with magnetite and hematite. Vwas mainly present as V(V) associated with iron-oxides or in the form of volborthite [Cu3(OH)2V2O7.2H2O]. Pb was speciated as minium (Pb3O4), lanarkite [Pb2O(SO4)], and, in association with Cr(VI), as crocoite (PbCrO4). In general, despite a high total concentration, metals appear to be speciated for the most part as rather insoluble geochemical forms. However, particular attention should be paid to Zn, Cu, V, and Pb that show non-negligible mobilizable fractions. On the basis of the geochemical forms identified, among others, two major former industrial activities were tentatively ascribed as being responsible for the observed major pollution: polyvinyl chloride and cement-asbestos productions.
Study of water diffusion in human dentin by optical coherent tomography (2010)

The diffusion of chemical agents in dental tissues is of interest for many problems of dental tissue physiology (diffusion of liquor and water), dental healing (diffusion of preparations), and cosmetic dental treatment (diffusion of whitening agents). The water diffusion in samples of human dentin was monitored using optical coherent tomography (OCT). This diffusion manifests itself as a change in the slope and amplitude of the OCT signal from the sample. It is shown that the average dentin permeability with respect to water is (15.11 ± 21.73) × 10−6 cm/s. These experimental results demonstrate the OCT efficiency for studying the diffusion in hard biological tissues.
The immunological consequences of radiation‐induced DNA damage (2019)

Historically, our understanding of the cytotoxicity of radiation has centred on tumour cell-autonomous mechanisms of cell death. Here, tumour cell death occurs when a threshold number of radiation-induced non-reparable double-stranded DNA breaks is exceeded. However, in recent years, the importance of immune mechanisms of cell death has been increasingly recognised, as well as the impact of radiotherapy on non-malignant cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. Conserved antiviral pathways that detect foreign nucleic acid in the cytosol and drive downstream interferon (IFN) responses via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase/stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS/STING) pathway are key components of the immune response to radiation-induced DNA damage. In preclinical models, acute induction of a type 1 IFN response is important for both direct and abscopal tumour responses to radiation. Inhibitors of the DNA damage response show promise in augmenting this inflammatory IFN response. However, a substantial proportion of tumours show chronic IFN signalling prior to radiotherapy, which paradoxically drives immunosuppression. This chronic IFN signalling leads to treatment resistance, and heterotypic interactions between stromal fibroblasts and tumour cells contribute to an aggressive tumour phenotype. The effect of radiotherapy on myeloid cell populations, particularly tumour-associated macrophages, has an additional impact on the immune tumour microenvironment. It is not yet clear how the above preclinical findings translate into a human context. Human tumours show greater intratumoural genomic heterogeneity and more variable levels of chromosomal instability than experimental murine models. High-quality translational studies of immunological changes occurring during radiotherapy that incorporate intrinsic tumour biology will enable a better understanding of the immunological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage in patients. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity to intravenous irbesartan in heart failure (2010)

To determine the effect of irbesartan treatment on resting levels and arterial baroreflex control of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in heart failure (HF), we studied conscious normal sheep and sheep with HF induced by rapid ventricular pacing for 8-10 wk (n = 7 per group). In HF, there is a large increase in CSNA that is detrimental to outcome. The causes of this increase in CSNA and the effect of angiotensin receptor blockers on CSNA in HF are unclear. CSNA, arterial blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and arterial baroreflex curves were recorded during a resting period and after 90 min of irbesartan infusion (12 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) iv). This dose of irbesartan abolished the pressor response to intravenous ANG II infusion but caused only a slight decrease in the pressor response to centrally administered ANG II. In HF, there was a large increase in CSNA (from 44 +/- 3 to 87 +/- 3 bursts/100 heartbeats). Irbesartan reduced arterial pressure in the normal and HF groups, but the usual baroreflex-mediated increases in CSNA and HR were prevented. This resulted from a significant leftward shift in the CSNA and HR baroreflex curves in both groups. Irbesartan also decreased the sensitivity of the arterial baroreflex control of CSNA. Short-term treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker, at a dose that abolished the response to circulating, but not central, ANG II, prevented the reflex increase in CSNA in response to the drug-induced fall in arterial pressure.
Integrated Continuous Bioprocess Development for ACE-Inhibitory Peptide Production by Lactobacillus helveticus Strains in Membrane Bioreactor (2020)

Production of bioactive peptides (BAPs) by <i>Lactobacillus</i> species is a cost-effective approach compared to the use of purified enzymes. In this study, proteolytic <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> strains were used for milk fermentation to produce BAPs capable of inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Fermented milks were produced in bioreactors using batch mode, and the resulting products showed significant ACE-inhibitory activities. However, the benefits of fermentation in terms of peptide composition and ACE-inhibitory activity were noticeably reduced when the samples (fermented milks and non-fermented controls) were subject to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GID). Introducing an ultrafiltration step after fermentation allowed to prevent this effect of GID and restored the effect of fermentation. Furthermore, an integrated continuous process for peptide production was developed which led to a 3 fold increased peptide productivity compared to batch production. Using a membrane bioreactor allowed to generate and purify in a single step, an active ingredient for ACE inhibition.
C/EBP(Beta) Isoforms - An Innovative Transcription Factor Therapy for Breast Cancer (2002)

Abstract : The transcription factor, C/EBPbeta, is critical for growth and differrentation of the mammary gland. Three forms of C/EBPbeta are expressed in cells through alternative translation of the C/EBPbeta mRNA. C/EBPbeta- 1 and -2 activate transcription; C/EBPbeta-2 is a truncated form that represses transcription. Based upon their distinct expression patterns in normal and transformed cells as well as functional studies, we propose that C/EBPbeta-l and -3 (or both) will be potent anti-tumor therapies when used either singly or in combination by suppressing the expression of genes which drive the cell cycle (C/EBPbeta-3) and/or reactivating a differentiation program (C/EBPbeta-1). The purpose of this study is to develop non-replicating murine retroviral and adenoviral vectors carrying genes selectively encoding either C/EBPbeta-l or -3. These vectors will be used to efficiently re-express C/EBPbeta-l and/or overexpress C/EBPbeta-3 in breast cancer cells lines and evaluate the growth potential of the cells. We have successfully generated murine retroviral vectors encoding C/EBPbeta-l and C/EBPbeta-3 as well as an adenovirus encoding C/EBPbeta-3. We have infected breast cancer cell lines with each of these viruses and documented nuclear expression of C/EBPbeta-l and -3 by both immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Studies on the growth potential of the infected cells are confidential and will be presented in the annual report.
UNEXPECTED DOPPLER SHIFTS FROM A NEUTRAL MOLECULE IN AN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE DETECTED BY VELOCITY MODULATION FTS. (2004)

$^{a}$N. Picqu\'{e}, G. Guelachvili, High resolution multi-modulation Fourier transform spectroscopy, Applied Optics 38, 1224-1230, 1999. $^{b}$C.S. Gudeman, M.H. Begeman, J. Pfaff, and R.J. Saykally, Velocity modulated infrared laser spectroscopy of molecular ions: the $\nu_{1}$ band of $HCO^{+}$, Physical Review Letters 50, 727-731, 1983. $^{c}$X. Hong and T. A. Miller, Observation of characteristic, polarity-dependent, Doppler shifts from neutral species in the positive column of a discharge plasma, The Journal of Chemical Physics 103, 8821-8827 (1995). $^{d}$M.H. Suh, X. Hong and T.A. Miller, He metastable concentration measurements in a glow discharge, Chemical Physics 228, 145-156 (1998).