gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Crown‐Anellated 9,10‐Bis(1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene Derivatives: A New Efficient Transducer in the Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Monitoring of Metal Complexation (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frequency Doubling in Femtosecond-Written Periodically-Poled Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Waveguides (2007)

Frequency doubling is demonstrated in femtosecond-laser-created single-mode waveguides written in a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal. Conversion efficiencies of 0.22%/W (0.02%/W) were obtained for first (third) order phasematching at 980 nm (800 nm).
Antimicrobial and Anti-Thrombogenic Features Combined in Hydrophilic Surface Coatings for Skin-Penetrating Catheters. Synergy of Co-embedded Silver Particles and Heparin (2011)

Percutaneous (skin-penetrating) catheters such as central venous catheters (CVCs), are used ubiquitously in the treatment of critically ill patients, although it is known that the risks for serious complications, particularly bloodstream infection and thromboembolism, are high. Materials science and engineering offer important new perspectives regarding further improvement of CVCs. A promising approach is the use of synthetic biocompatible hydrogel coatings with both silver particles and heparin embedded therein. Such formulations combine the well-known broad-spectrum antimicrobial features of silver with the anticoagulant activity of immobilized heparin. Previous work revealed that heparin augments antimicrobial activity of silver, while maintaining its anticoagulant function. This study set out to investigate the synergy of heparin and silver in more detail. Exit-challenge tests, experiments on bacterial killing and adherence, as well as in vitro challenge tests with three Staphylococcus aureus strains (one reference strain, and two clinical isolates) consistently showed the synergistic effect. In addition, the impact of changing the coating's hydrophilicity, and changing the silver concentration in the coatings, were examined. The experimental results, taken together and combined with data from the literature, point out that synergy of heparin and silver is best explained by binding of Ag(+) ions to heparin within the swollen coating, followed by release of heparin-Ag(+) complexes upon immersion of the coatings in an aqueous environment such as blood. Possible implications of this work regarding the development of improved/safer CVCs are briefly discussed.
Measurement of Double-Layer Forces at the Polymer Film/Electrolyte Interfaces Using Atomic Force Microscopy:  Concentration and Potential-Dependent Interactions (2002)

The forces between colloidal probes and several polymer films were measured by atomic force microscopy in the presence of a series of electrolyte solutions. For Nafion films using a negatively charged silica tip, a repulsive force was obtained at different concentrations of NaClO4. A similar result was obtained for an anion exchange membrane with a positively charged probe. Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (DLVO) theory was employed to calculate the surface potential and hence, the surface charge. The surface charge density (∼0.3μC/cm2) was independent of electrolyte concentration. The slope for plot of potential drop vs ln[cs] was ∼0.020 V. A theoretical treatment based on GCS theory was employed to account for the above results. For a poly(vinylferrocene) (PVF) film, potential-dependent force curves were obtained, which were qualitatively different from that previously reported for an electronically conducting polymer film electrode.1
HYDROGEN BONDING EFFECTS ON THE INFRARED INTENSITIES OF HALIDE-WATER COMPLEXES (2006)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; Sterling Chemistry Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
Correction: Corrigendum: Dispersion of nonresonant third-order nonlinearities in GeSiSn ternary alloys (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 32622; published online: 13 September 2016; updated: 10 October 2016 .
Technology in Residential Brokerage: Showing Appointment Scheduling Services, Property Prices, and Marketing Times (2012)

Showing appointment scheduling services are an increasingly common technology in residential real estate brokerage. While specific features differ across various service providers, the concept is straightforward: listing brokers enter showing information about listed properties into the scheduling system and other agents call the service, or access the service's website, to arrange showings. The purported intent of these services is to increase the efficiency of showing properties to prospective buyers. This study considers whether showing appointment scheduling services affect transaction outcomes. Results suggest that using a service positively impacts price, but does not have a significant effect on marketing period.
Improvement of Oxidative and Thermostability of N-Carbamyl-D-Amino Acid Amidohydrolase by Directed Evolution (2002)

N-Carbamyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase (N-carbamoylase), which is currently employed in the industrial production of unnatural D-amino acid in conjunction with D-hydantoinase, has low oxidative and thermostability. We attempted the simultaneous improvement of the oxidative and thermostability of N-carbamoylase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens NRRL B11291 by directed evolution using DNA shuffling. In a second generation of evolution, the best mutant 2S3 with improved oxidative and thermostability was selected, purified and characterized. The temperature at which 50% of the initial activity remains after incubation for 30 min was 73 degrees C for 2S3, whereas it was 61 degrees C for wild-type enzyme. Treatment of wild-type enzyme with 0.2 mM hydrogen peroxide for 30 min at 25 degrees C resulted in a complete loss of activity, but 2S3 retained about 79% of the initial activity under the same conditions. The K(m) value of 2S3 was estimated to be similar to that of wild-type enzyme; however k(cat) was decreased, leading to a slightly reduced value of k(cat)/K(m), compared with wild-type enzyme. DNA sequence analysis revealed that six amino acid residues were changed in 2S3 and substitutions included Q23L, V40A, H58Y, G75S, M184L and T262A. The stabilizing effects of each amino acid residue were investigated by incorporating mutations individually into wild-type enzyme. Q23L, H58Y, M184L and T262A were found to enhance both oxidative and thermostability of the enzyme and of them, T262A showed the most significant effect. V40A and G75S gave rise to an increase only in oxidative stability. The positions of the mutated amino acid residues were identified in the structure of N-carbamoylase from Agrobacterium sp. KNK 712 and structural analysis of the stabilizing effects of each amino acid substitution was also carried out.
Perceptually Optimised Variable Bilateral Filter for Low Bit-rate Video Coding (2014)

Abstract- This paper describes our proposed method of prioritising contents in the video by applying the variable bilateral filter. The aim of this investigation is to determine whether the variable bilateral filtering technique can improve subjective video quality at low bit rates. The proposed system has been designed to prioritise human faces in the video. It uses a weighting function to produce a spatial resolution fall-off map that matches the resolution variance of the human visual system. The variable bilateral filter parameters are calculated based on this resolution fall-off map. Brief descriptions of the algorithm and the performance of the system are illustrated for a range of bilateral filter strengths. The results demonstrate that this approach can significantly improve perceptual quality of coded video at low bit-rates.
Performance of LIGBTs built on SIMOX substrates using double epitaxial layer dielectric isolation technology (2002)

In this paper, the measured characteristics of lateral power devices fabricated using the novel double epitaxial layer dielectric isolation (DELDI) technology is presented for the first time. The results show enhanced breakdown and on-state performance of lateral insulated gate bipolar transistors (LIGBTs) in DELDI technology in comparison to conventional SOI based structures.
Intra-articular pressure, elastance, and range of motion in flexion of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint (1995)

A study was done to determine whether intra-articular pressure is increased in equine metacarpophalangeal joints with increasing degrees of synovial distention, and to correlate elastance of the soft tissue forming the dorsal pouch of the metacarpophalangeal joint to maximal range of motion in flexion. Sixty seven metacarpophalangeal joints in 36 horses were categorized by palpation and visual inspection of the palmar pouch into 1 of 4 increasing grades of distention. Intra-articular pressures were then measured, using 2 pressure transducers attached to 22 gauge needles, from the dorsal and palmar pouches simultaneously while horses stood squarely under mild sedation. Intra-articular pressure ranged from -13 to +78 mm of Hg. Mean (+/- SEM) palmar pouch pressure was subatmospheric (-2.53 +/- 2.78 mm of Hg) in joints in which the palmar pouch was not discernible (grade 0), and was markedly increased (+37.13 +/- 2.775 mm of Hg) in joints in which the palmar pouch was distended laterally beyond the lateral branch of the suspensory ligament (grade 3). Grade of distention was positively correlated with intra articular pressure (r = 0.758; P < 0.001). Significant compartmentation (P < 0.002) was observed between the dorsal and palmar pouches in all horses. In 25 of the aforementioned horses, (42 joints), which were active or retired Thoroughbred racehorses with variable degree of metacarpophalangeal joint injury/disease, a third needle was inserted into the dorsal pouch, and 0.5-ml increments of saline solution were added every 10 seconds to perform a pressure/volume (elastance) study of the dorsal pouch. The elastance study for each joint ended when leakage into the palmar pouch was detected by the pressure transducer placed in that region. A flexed lateral radio graphic view was taken of each metacarpophalangeal joint in maximal flexion. The maximal angle of flexion was measured from the radiograph, and this angle was subtracted from 180 degrees to acquire the range of motion in flexion. Range of motion in flexion has strong negative correlation (r= -0.68; P < 0.0001) with elastance (stiffness) of the dorsal pouch, and moderate pouches (r= -0.48; P < 0.0001). To adjust for the possible correlations resulting from repeated measures on limbs within horses, a normal linear mixed model was used to assess the effect of limb (right vs left), range of motion in flexion, and volume of saline solution added on the dependent variable (delta mm of Hg) in the elastance study. There was no significant limb effect, but a highly significant effect regarding volume of saline solution added (P < 0.00001) and range of motion in flexion (P < 0.00001). Loss of range of motion in flexion of this joint is associated with shortening or loss of the initial low elastance (flat) phase of the elastance profile. Measuring the elastance of the dorsal pouch or measuring maximal range of motion in flexion provides an objective measure of the degree of metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness secondary to joint disease.
Human prostate tumor growth in athymic mice: inhibition by androgens and stimulation by finasteride. (1996)

When the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP 104-S, the growth of which is stimulated by physiological levels of androgen, is cultured in androgen-depleted medium for > 100 passages, the cells, now called LNCaP 104-R2, are proliferatively repressed by low concentrations of androgens. LNCaP 104-R2 cells formed tumors in castrated male athymic nude mice. Testosterone propionate (TP) treatment prevented LNCaP 104-R2 tumor growth and caused regression of established tumors in these mice. Such a tumor-suppressive effect was not observed with tumors derived from LNCaP 104-S cells or androgen receptor-negative human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone, but not 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, or medroxyprogesterone acetate, also inhibited LNCaP 104-R2 tumor growth. Removal of TP or implantation of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, in nude mice bearing TP implants resulted in the regrowth of LNCaP 104-R2 tumors. Within 1 week after TP implantation, LNCaP 104-R2 tumors exhibited massive necrosis with severe hemorrhage. Three weeks later, these tumors showed fibrosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and scattered carcinoma cells exhibiting degeneration. TP treatment of mice with LNCaP 104-R2 tumors reduced tumor androgen receptor and c-myc mRNA levels but increased prostate-specific antigen in serum- and prostate-specific antigen mRNA in tumors. Although androgen ablation has been the standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer for > 50 years, our study shows that androgen supplementation therapy may be beneficial for treatment of certain types of human prostate cancer and that the use of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride or anti-androgens, in the general treatment of metastatic prostate cancer may require careful assessment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Nitriles and Diols Using Hydrogen Transfer as a Substrate‐Activating Strategy. (2015)

Abstract The atom‐economical and versatile synthesis of cyclic imides is based on a Ru‐catalyzed transfer‐hydrogenation reaction in which both substrates, diols and nitriles are simultaneously converted into lactones and amines in a redox neutral manner.
Heat Stress Mitigation for Leopard 2C Tank Crew (2007)

The Directorate Armament Sustainment Programme Management (DASPM) requested Defence R&amp;D Canada (DRDC) support with the investigation and recommendation of "...technologies available to mitigate the effects of the heat stress expected for Leopard 2C crews operating in the Kandahar region of Afghanistan in summer." DRDC was asked to focus "...on technologies that are likely to be able to be delivered and installed by the beginning of June 2007." Candidate heat stress mitigation strategies, technologies, technical reports, scientific reports, and commercial product specifications were reviewed in light of the timelines and engineering constraints. It was decided to test a vapour compression liquid circulating product as a "proof of concept" that personal micro-climate cooling would significantly mitigate the anticipated heat stress challenge in theatre. In addition, a specially designed solar heat dissipation textile was fitted to the exterior of the tank. The effects of these products were evaluated by monitoring the tank temperatures, the tank crew members' body temperatures, physiological and perceptual responses to a standardized heat stress. The heat stress involved exposure of the tank and crew members in the tank to an external air temperature of 44 C or 35 C and a simulated solar heat load of 1120 W/m2 in accordance with NATO STANAG 2895 which provides guidance on meteorological conditions that should be used for testing of materiel in accordance with the location in the world where the equipment will be deployed. The crew members were exposed to the heat stress on five consecutive days, either with or without the cooling or the solar shield. The cooling system consisted of a chiller unit and a worn distribution vest (liquid cooling garment or LCG) which interfaced via thick-walled supply and return lines. It was estimated that 40-164 W of cooling reached the LCG.
Dual‐hormone artificial pancreas for glucose control in type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis (2022)

The results of this study suggest that DH has a comparable effect on time in target compared with SH, but is associated with a longer time in target range compared with SAP/CSII and PLGS. The DH slightly reduced time in hypoglycaemia but may increase the risk of gastrointestinal symptoms compared with the SH. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022314015.
Mobile devices and data synchronization assisting medical diagnosis (2008)

The magnitude of hGH reserve was investigated in young (16-40 years old) diabetic patients. Forty patients were examined with the arginine infusion test, twenty three with a sensitized version of the L-Dopa test. The patients were divided into four groups based on the type of their illness (IDDM or NIDDY) and the clinical stage of IDDM. It was concluded that the hGH reserve of the various diabetic groups differs from the hGH reserve of healthy persons as well as from one another. Taking into consideration the possible causes of these differences, it is suggested that the hGH reserve depends primarily on the metabolic condition of the patients, while the type of diabetes (IDDM or NIDDY) and the insulin therapy used may also be important contributing factors. Achievement of a good metabolic control within the same type of diabetes leads to the normalization of the previously pathologic hGH reserve.
Emerging neuromodulatory molecules for the treatment of neurogenic erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve injury (2008)

Advances in the neurobiology of growth factors, neural development, and prevention of cell death have resulted in a heightened clinical interest for the development of protective and regenerative neuromodulatory strategies for the cavernous nerves (CNs), as therapies for prostate cancer and other pelvic malignancies often result in neuronal damage and debilitating loss of sexual function. Nitric oxide released from the axonal end plates of these nerves within the corpora cavernosa causes relaxation of smooth muscle, initiating the haemodynamic changes of penile erection as well as contributing to maintained tumescence; the loss of CN function is primarily responsible for the development of erectile dysfunction (ED) after pelvic surgery and serves as the primary target for potential neuroprotective or regenerative strategies. Evidence from pre-clinical studies for select neuromodulatory approaches is reviewed, including neurotrophins, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNF), bone morphogenic proteins, immunophilin ligands, erythropoetin (EPO), and stem cells.
The Estimation of Regional Crop Yield Using Ensemble-Based Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation (2014)

To improve crop model performance for regional crop yield estimates, a new four-dimensional variational algorithm (POD4DVar) merging the Monte Carlo and proper orthogonal decomposition techniques was introduced to develop a data assimilation strategy using the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Wheat model. Two winter wheat yield estimation procedures were conducted on a field plot and regional scale to test the feasibility and potential of the POD4DVar-based strategy. Winter wheat yield forecasts for the field plots showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.73, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 319 kg/ha, and a relative error (RE) of 3.49%. An acceptable yield at the regional scale was estimated with an R2 of 0.997, RMSE of 7346 tons, and RE of 3.81%. The POD4DVar-based strategy was more accurate and efficient than the EnKF-based strategy. In addition to crop yield, other critical crop variables such as the biomass, harvest index, evapotranspiration, and soil organic carbon may also be estimated. The present study thus introduces a promising approach for operationally monitoring regional crop growth and predicting yield. Successful application of this assimilation model at regional scales must focus on uncertainties derived from the crop model, model inputs, data assimilation algorithm, and assimilated observations.
All‐in‐One Theranostic Nanoplatform Based on Hollow TaOx for Chelator‐Free Labeling Imaging, Drug Delivery, and Synergistically Enhanced Radiotherapy (2016)

Despite extensive use of radiotherapy in cancer treatment, there has been huge demand to improve its efficacy and accuracy in tumor destruction. To this end, nanoparticle‐based radiosensitizers, particularly those with high‐Z elements, have been explored to enhance radiotherapy. Meanwhile, imaging is an essential tool prior to the individual planning of precise radiotherapy. Here, hollow tantalum oxide (H‐TaOx) nanoshells are prepared using a one‐pot template‐free method and then modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), yielding H‐TaOx‐PEG nanoshells for imaging‐guided synergistically enhanced radiotherapy. H‐TaOx‐PEG nanoshells show strong intrinsic binding with metal ions such as Fe 3+ and 99m Tc 4+ upon simple mixing, enabling magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography imaging, respectively, which are able to track in vivo distribution of those nanoshells and locate the tumor. With mesoporous shells and large cavities, those H‐TaOx‐PEG nanoshells show efficient loading of 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN‐38), a hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug. By means of the radiosensitization effect of Ta to deposit X‐ray energy inside tumors, as well as SN‐38‐induced cell cycle arrest into radiation‐sensitive phases, H‐TaOx‐PEG@SN‐38 can offer remarkable synergistic therapeutic outcome in the combined chemoradiotherapy. Without appreciable systemic toxicity, such hollow‐TaOx nanostructure may therefore find promising applications in multimodal imaging and enhanced cancer radiotherapy.
Assessment of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels of normal subjects and diabetic patients with and without retinopathy using Flow Oximetry System. (2015)

The arterio-venous difference was greater, and statistically significant, in patients with NPDR when compared to normal subjects and to patients with diabetes and no retinopathy. The mean venous StO2 was lower, but not statistically significant, in NPDR compared with diabetics without retinopathy and with normal subjects.
Diaci v3.0: Chromosome-level assembly, de novo transcriptome and manual annotation of Diaphorina citri, insect vector of Huanglongbing (2019)

Abstract Background Diaphorina citri is a vector of “ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” ( C Las), the gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with citrus greening disease. Control measures rely on pesticides with negative impacts on the environment, natural ecosystems and human and animal health. In contrast, gene-targeting methods have the potential to specifically target the vector species and/or reduce pathogen transmission. Results To improve the genomic resources needed for targeted pest control, we assembled a D. citri genome based on PacBio long reads followed by proximity ligation-based scaffolding. The 474 Mb genome has 13 chromosomal-length scaffolds. 1,036 genes were manually curated as part of a community annotation project, composed primarily of undergraduate students. We also computationally identified a total of 1,015 putative transcription factors (TFs) and were able to infer motifs for 337 TFs (33 %). In addition, we produced a genome-independent transcriptome and genomes for D. citri endosymbionts. Conclusions Manual annotation provided more accurate gene models for use by researchers and also provided an excellent training opportunity for students from multiple institutions. All resources are available on CitrusGreening.org and NCBI. The chromosomal-length D. citri genome assembly serves as a blueprint for the development of collaborative genomics projects for other medically and agriculturally significant insect vectors.