gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flutter analysis of a supersonic cascade in time domain using an ADI Euler solver (1992)

The aeroelastic stability of a two-dimensional cascade oscillating in supersonic axial flow is analyzed in the time domain. The aeroelastic model consists of a single degree of freedom typical section structural model for each blade of the cascade and an unsteady two-dimensional cascade aerodynamic model based on the Euler equations. The Euler equations are solved using a time accurate Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) solution scheme. The aeroelastic equations are integrated in time. The effect of interblade phase angle is included in the aeroelastic analysis by an appropriate choice of initial and boundary conditions. Flutter predictions are obtained from the time response of a flat plate cascade in single degree of freedom pitching motion. The results correlate well with those obtained from a separate frequency domain flutter analysis for all values of interblade phase angles considered. Flutter results are then presented for cascades having airfoil sections representative of a supersonic throughflow fan. The validity of the time integration method for a cascade of airfoils at various interblade phase angles is demonstrated.
Issues In Estimating The Poverty Line (2002)

(a) For each region and urban/rural combination or domain, and on the basis of a one-day menu, the monthly per capita food threshold or food poverty line (fpl) in pesos of an average-sized Filipino family is derived. The one-day menu is formulated from local food consumption patterns to satisfy 100 % of the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for energy and protein, as well as 80% of the RDAs for the other nutrients and vitamins. Both the menu and RDAs were prepared by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). The RDAs for energy and protein, which vary according to age, sex and body weight, are on the average 2000 kilocalories and 50 grams per person, respectively. Prices from various price surveys of the National Statistics Office (NSO) and the Bureau of Agriculture Statistics (BAS) are used to determine the cost of the one-day menu.
Detection and Reporting of Wireless Channel Congestion and Interference in Connected Vehicle Networks (2023)

Connected vehicle (CV) wireless networks based on dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) intelligent transportation systems (ITS-G5), and C-V2X technologies are susceptible to interference from both unintentional emitters and non-CV devices that may be authorized to share the same or adjacent bands. Such interference may lead to unreliable communication and disruption of CV services with a particular impact on safety-related applications. Surprisingly, considering the safety-critical nature of CV applications, there is no simple mechanism for detecting congestion or interference in such networks over wide areas. To address this gap, we propose and demonstrate that both interference and congestion in DSRC and ETSI ITS-G5 networks can be detected simply and inexpensively using capabilities that are already incorporated into the IEEE 802.11p standard, specifically the flags and statistics generated mostly in the physical layer (physical layer convergence procedure and physical medium dependent) state machines. Such a capability could be realized through a relatively minor software upgrade but would resolve a longstanding but underappreciated concern that CV networks are vulnerable to both congestion and a variety of short-range interferers but lack the capability to detect or report this. Although our focus was on DSRC and ITS-G5, similar considerations apply to related schemes such as C-V2X.
From the Editor-in-Chief (2015)

Lâosteoporosi Ã¨ una malattia dellâosso che ne riduce densitÃ e resistenza, rendendo i soggetti affetti a maggior rischio di fratture. Questa condizione interessa principalmente le persone anziane, ma in maniera particolare colpisce le donne, al punto che circa il 30% di esse arriva a sviluppare osteoporosi nell’arco della propria vita. Considerando il generale invecchiamento della … Osteoporosi: quali sono le cause? E quali sono le possibili cure? Read More »
Helicobacter pylori Therapy Demystified (2011)

We discuss the role of comparators in Helicobacter pylori treatment trials and why anti-H. pylori therapeutic trials (an infectious disease) are fundamentally different from common gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., the absence of a placebo response, the expectation that cure rates in excess of 95%, and the ability to understand why treatment fails). No comparator is absolutely required other than to 100% success and comparison trials should be limited to comparisons between therapies that reliably achieve 90% or greater success (i.e., good therapies). Comparisons with known low success regimens (i.e., bad therapies) are unethical as is withholding information from the subject regarding current effectiveness of a regimen even if that information would reduce the likelihood that the subject would volunteer. We also discuss how it is possible to predict the outcome of a published but locally untried new regimen. The reason for different outcomes of typical gastrointestinal therapies is shrouded in mystery. In contrast, treatment success for H. pylori should be predictable and treatment failures explainable. For too long expectations and analyses of H. pylori therapy has been confused with what is appropriate for gastrointestinal disease such as constipation or irritable bowel syndrome rather than for infectious diseases such as pneumonia.
Progress in the Development of the Industrial Sintered Nd—Fe—B Permanent Magnets (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hunting for advanced high-energy-density materials with well-balanced energy and safety through an energetic host–guest inclusion strategy (2019)

A versatile host–guest driven explosive-oxidant inclusion strategy was proposed to develop advanced high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) with high detonation performances, low mechanical sensitivities and excellent combustion properties.
(Meth)acrylate vinyl ester hybrid polymerizations (2009)

In this study vinyl ester monomers were synthesized by an amine catalyzed Michael addition reaction between a multifunctional thiol and the acrylate double bond of vinyl acrylate. The copolymerization behavior of both methacrylate/vinyl ester and acrylate/vinyl ester systems was studied with near-infrared spectroscopy. In acrylate/vinyl ester systems, the acrylate groups polymerize faster than the vinyl ester groups resulting in an overall conversion of 80% for acrylate double bonds in the acrylate/vinyl ester system relative to only 50% in the bulk acrylate system. In the methacrylate/vinyl ester systems, the difference in reactivity is even more pronounced resulting in two distinguishable polymerization regimes, one dominated by methacrylate polymerization and a second dominated by vinyl ester polymerization. A faster polymerization rate and higher overall conversion of the methacrylate double bonds is thus achieved relative to polymerization of the pure methacrylate system. The methacrylate conversion in the methacrylate/vinyl ester system is near 100% compared to only ~60% in the pure methacrylate system. Utilizing hydrophilic vinyl ester and hydrophobic methacrylate monomers, polymerization-induced phase separation is observed. The phase separated domain size is on the order of ~1 μm under the polymerization conditions. The phase separated domains become larger and more distinct with slower polymerization and correspondingly increased time for diffusion.
Fast Multi-scale imaging using the Beamline I13L at the Diamond Light Source (2019)

The DIAMOND beamline I13L is dedicated to multi-scale and multi-modal imaging in real and reciprocal space. The beamline consists of two independently operating experimental stations, located at a distance of more than 200 m from the source. The Imaging Branch performs micro-tomography with in-line phase contrast in the 6-30 keV energy range. In addition, a grating interferometry setup and a full-field microscope for nano-tomography are currently implemented. Other techniques providing high-resolution three-dimensional information, in particular coherent X-ray diffraction, are hosted on the Coherence Branch. All imaging methods are tested to operate with large energy bandwidths and therefore shorter exposure times. To this end, two options are currently used: the so-called ‘pink-beam’ mode using a reflecting mirror and X-ray filters and monochromatic mode using a multilayer monochromator. The operation mode enables science for in-situ and operando studies across a wide range of scientific areas.
Low Hydrogen Embrittlement Zinc-Nickel Electroplating: An Alternative to Cadmium-Update (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) alloy electroplating process has been developed which provides equivalent or superior performance to cadmium (Cd) plating in the following areas: corrosion protection, low hydrogen embrittlement, lubricity, torque tension, installation force, and electrical conductivity. In addition, it offers reduced tendency for exfoliation corrosion of coupled or contacting aluminum structure as compared to Cd plating. Conventional electroplating tank facilities can be converted to the Zn-Ni process with minimal modification. The elimination of Cd and cyanide reduce the waste hazard significantly, and the excellent technical performance makes the low hydrogen embrittlement Zn-Ni electroplating process a viable alternative to Cd plating of high- and low-strength steels in aircraft and other applications.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper is an update of progress for development and implementation of the process during 1983.&lt;/div&gt;
Complementary Role of Field and Temperature in Triggering ON/OFF Switching Mechanisms in ${\rm Hf}/{\rm HfO}_{2}$ Resistive RAM Cells (2013)

We present an investigation on the role of temperature and electric field as driving forces in the initiation of the resistive switching processes. The impact of temperature in both on- and off-states is analyzed in detail, using an electrothermal numerical model formulation. dc and pulsed temperature-dependent data, collected on scaled crossbar test structure cells, serially connected with an on-chip control transistor, are used to extract material information and are furthermore analyzed in conjunction with model outputs. With these results, further discussion is presented, suggesting points of attention for scaled cell design in the below-10-nm realm.
InAs-Al Hybrid Devices Passing the Topological Gap Protocol (2022)

We present measurements and simulations of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure devices that are consistent with the observation of topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. The devices are fabricated from high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in which quasi-one-dimensional wires are defined by electrostatic gates. These devices enable measurements of local and non-local transport properties and have been optimized via extensive simulations to ensure robustness against non-uniformity and disorder. Our main result is that several devices, fabricated according to the design's engineering specifications, have passed the topological gap protocol defined in Pikulin et al. [arXiv:2103.12217]. This protocol is a stringent test composed of a sequence of three-terminal local and non-local transport measurements performed while varying the magnetic field, semiconductor electron density, and junction transparencies. Passing the protocol indicates a high probability of detection of a topological phase hosting Majorana zero modes as determined by large-scale disorder simulations. Our experimental results are consistent with a quantum phase transition into a topological superconducting phase that extends over several hundred millitesla in magnetic field and several millivolts in gate voltage, corresponding to approximately one hundred micro-electron-volts in Zeeman energy and chemical potential in the semiconducting wire. These regions feature a closing and re-opening of the bulk gap, with simultaneous zero-bias conductance peaks at both ends of the devices that withstand changes in the junction transparencies. The extracted maximum topological gaps in our devices are 20-60 $μ$eV. This demonstration is a prerequisite for experiments involving fusion and braiding of Majorana zero modes.
An efficient contention resolution based on FDL and TWC for OPS networks (2005)

An efficient contention resolution scheme based on FDL buffering and TWC conversion is proposed. The scheme effectively utilizes the simplicity of forward FDL buffer, the flexibility of feedback FDL buffer, the capacity of wavelength conversion and signal regeneration of TWCs, and the reconfiguration of broadcast-and-select space switch. An analytical model characterizing the behavior of the scheme is proposed. And on the basis of the model, the paper has analyzed the scheme performance in terms of packet loss probability and mean packet delay. The simulation results show that the scheme substantially outperforms other schemes.
Abstract 4661: Levels of C22:0- and C24:0-dihydroceramide correlate with cytotoxicity in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (2012)

Abstract Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that is cytotoxic to several T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, and has demonstrated activity in a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro. Reported mechanisms of action for fenretinide include both increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in some cell lines and increased dihydroceramide levels. Dihydroceramides are the product of N-acylation of sphinganine with fatty acid chains varying in carbon length and degree of saturation. Although synthetic, short-acyl chain dihydroceramides have been reported to be non-cytotoxic in cell culture in vitro, the cytotoxic potencies of native-acyl chain dihydroceramides are unknown. In the current study, increased synthesis of specific native-acyl chain dihydroceramides was targeted through a novel cell culture method employing concurrent exogenous administration of sphinganine, GT-11, a dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitor, and specific individual fatty acids. Sphingolipids were analyzed using LC/MS/MS. Cytotoxicity was measured using the fluorescence-based cytotoxicity assay DIMSCAN. Non-parametric correlation analysis of cytotoxicity and absolute sphingolipid levels revealed a strong positive correlation between cytotoxicity and C22:0-dihydroceramide (α = 0.75, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and C24:0-dihydroceramide (α = 0.84, P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the CCRF-CEM ALL cell line, with similar results observed independently in MOLT-4, COG-LL-317 and COG-LL-332 ALL cell lines. Additionally, fenretinide cytotoxicity was significantly increased by co-treatment with C22:0-fatty acid in association with an increase of C22:0- and C24:0-dihydroceramides. These findings suggest that the addition of specific fatty acids, perhaps in a tumor-type specific manner, through simple dietary or intravenous supplementation, or via concurrent incorporation into drug delivery vehicles, may improve the clinical efficacy of dihydroceramide-increasing anticancer agents, such as fenretinide. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4661. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4661
Supplementary Figure S1 from Novel Oral mTORC1/2 Inhibitor TAK-228 Has Synergistic Antitumor Effects When Combined with Paclitaxel or PI3Kα Inhibitor TAK-117 in Preclinical Bladder Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cellular effects of TAK-228 on human bladder cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of sesamol on the physical and chemical stability of plant-based flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by proteins or phospholipids (2020)

Plant-based polyphenols are increasingly being explored as functional ingredients in emulsified food systems. In this study, the effects of sesamol on the physical and chemical stability of flaxseed oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by either phospholipids (sunflower) or proteins (whey or pea) were investigated. In the absence of sesamol, the protein-based emulsions displayed better physical stability than the phospholipid-based ones, which was related to their smaller particle diameter and higher particle charge. For the phospholipid-based emulsions, sesamol addition did not improve their physical stability, but it did inhibit lipid oxidation. In particular, it decreased the formation of secondary oxidation products, with a 65% reduction in TBAR formation compared to the control after 8 days of storage. For the protein-based emulsions, sesamol addition reduced particle aggregation and inhibited lipid oxidation, reducing the secondary oxidation products by around 85% after 19 days of storage. The inhibitory efficiency of sesamol in the pea protein-based emulsions was comparable to that in the whey protein-based ones. The effects of sesamol on the physical and chemical stability of the emulsions were related to its partitioning between the oil, water, and interfacial layers. This study suggests that adding sesamol to plant-based emulsions may improve their physical and chemical stability, thereby extending their shelf life.
Predictive sensing in analog-to-digital converters for biomedical applications (2013)

This paper presents a predictive sensing-based ADC architecture that has improved energy efficiency, compared to a conventional SAR ADC, by exploiting the predictable properties of biomedical signals, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. By predicting the next input sample, based on previous samples, the conversion is performed in a subrange of the full scale. This results in energy savings compared to the SAR ADC, which always performs the conversion in the full scale. Two search algorithms to perform the conversion in the subrange will be presented and analyzed. For moderate resolutions between 6 and 10 bit, up to 40–50% improvement in terms of energy consumption is obtained, while 25 to 40% for higher resolutions. To validate the concept, a 12-bit predictive ADC, implementing the restricted binary search algorithm with 0-th order prediction, is designed and simulated in 130nm UMC CMOS technology. The simulation results show an improvement in the average energy consumption per conversion, compared to a conventional SAR ADC with the same resolution, which is in the range of 30–40%.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (118) activates osteoclasts and induces bone resorption in goldfish (2012)

To analyze the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 on fish bone metabolism, we examined osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, as well as plasma calcium levels, in the scales of PCB (118)-injected goldfish. In addition, effect of PCB (118) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts was investigated in vitro. Immature goldfish, in which the endogenous effects of sex steroids are negligible, were used. PCB (118) was solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 ppm. At 1 and 2 days after PCB (118) injection (100 ng/g body weight), both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, and plasma calcium levels were measured. In an in vitro study, then, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities as well as each marker mRNA expression were examined. At 2 days, scale osteoclastic activity in PCB (118)-injected goldfish increased significantly, while osteoblastic activity did not change significantly. Corresponding to osteoclastic activity, plasma calcium levels increased significantly at 2 days after PCB (118) administration. Osteoclastic activation also occurred in the marker enzyme activities and mRNA expressions in vitro. Thus, we conclude that PCB (118) disrupts bone metabolism in goldfish both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Erratum: Spectrum of an Electron Spin Coupled to an Unpolarized Bath of Nuclear Spins [Phys. Rev. Lett.106, 106803 (2011)] (2011)

Received 20 April 2011DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.199901© 2011 American Physical Society
Liposome fusion on proteinaceous S-layer lattices triggered viaβ-diketone ligand–europium(iii) complex formation (2011)

The present study describes a method for generating solid supported lipid membranes. Liposomes containing β-diketone ligands were chemically bound to crystalline surface (S-) layer proteins which entirely covered the gold sensors. These ligands formed complexes with added europium(III) ions and triggered fusion/rupture of the liposomes resulting in planar supported lipid bilayers.
A GIS-based Approach for Modeling the Fate and Transport of Pollutants in Europe (2008)

This paper presents an approach to estimate chemical concentration in multiple environmental media (soil, water, and the atmosphere) with the sole use of basic geographical information system (GIS) operations and, particularly, map algebra. This allows solving mass balance equations in a different way from the traditional methods involving numerical or analytical solution of systems of equations, producing maps of chemical fluxes and concentrations only through combinations of maps of emissions and environmental removal or transfer rates. Benchmarking with the well-established EMEP MSCE-POP model shows that the method provides consistent results with this more detailed description. When available, experimental evidence equally supports the proposed method in relation to the more complex approaches.
Fractional exhaled breath temperature in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or systemic sclerosis compared to healthy controls (2020)

Exhaled breath temperature has been suggested to reflect airway inflammation, and it would be plausible to measure the peripheral airway temperature as a correlate to peripheral airway inflammation. This study aims to explore the relative peripheral airway temperature in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared to healthy controls, and relate to lung function and exhaled nitric oxide. Sixty-five subjects (16 asthmatics, 18 COPD patients, 17 SSc patients and 14 healthy subjects) performed fractional exhaled breath temperature measurements using a novel device, fractional exhaled NO measurements, spirometry, impulse oscillometry, body plethysmography and CO-diffusion capacity test. A significant overall difference among all the patient groups was seen in both the Tmax (= peak values of the entire exhalation) and T3max (= peak value of the last fraction of the exhaled volume). A significant difference in T3/T1 ratio (= the ratio of peripheral versus central air temperature) was found between asthmatic subjects and those with COPD or SSc. In addition, T1max (= temperature in the central), T3max (= peripheral airways) and the T3/T1ratio related to several volumetric measurements (both in absolute values and as percent predicted), such as vital capacity, total lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and diffusion capacity. The temperature ratio of the peripheral versus central airways was lower in patients with COPD or SSc compared to asthmatics, who in turn presented similar levels as the controls. There was also a large overlap between the groups. Overall, the airway temperatures were related to absolute lung volumes, and specifically, the peripheral temperature was related to the gas diffusion capacity (% predicted), suggesting a link to the vascular component.