gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive-Property-Ranked Variable Reduction with Final Complexity Adapted Models in Partial Least Squares Modeling for Multiple Responses (2013)

For partial least-squares regression with one response (PLS1), many variable-reduction methods have been developed. However, only a few address the case of multiple-response partial-least-squares (PLS2) modeling. The calibration performance of PLS1 can be improved by elimination of uninformative variables. Many variable-reduction methods are based on various PLS-model-related parameters, called predictor-variable properties. Recently, an important adaptation, in which the model complexity is optimized, was introduced in these methods. This method was called Predictive-Property-Ranked Variable Reduction with Final Complexity Adapted Models, denoted as PPRVR-FCAM or simply FCAM. In this study, variable reduction for PLS2 models, using an adapted FCAM method, FCAM-PLS2, is investigated. The utility and effectiveness of four new predictor-variable properties, derived from the multiple response PLS2 regression coefficients, are studied for six data sets consisting of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra, near-infrared (NIR) spectra, NMR spectra, and two simulated sets, one with correlated and one with uncorrelated responses. The four properties include the mean of the absolute values as well as the norm of the PLS2 regression coefficients and their significances. The four properties were found to be applicable by the FCAM-PLS2 method for variable reduction. The predictive abilities of models resulting from the four properties are similar. The norm of the PLS2 regression coefficients has the best selective abilities, low numbers of variables with an informative meaning to the responses are retained. The significance of the mean of the PLS2 regression coefficients is found to be the least-selective property.
Adhesion between atomically flat metallic surfaces (1991)

The study of adhesive interactions between atomically flat surfaces in close proximity requires that their separation be controlled and known to within a tenth of an angstrom. In some instances, however, two solids will display a structural instability of their surface layers as their separation approaches the bulk value. When this occurs, an abrupt transition, termed ``adhesive avalanche,'' from a geometry with two spatially distinct surfaces to a single homogeneous structure takes place as the surfaces are brought to within 1--2 \AA{} of their equilibrium bulk separation. The avalanche event is the result of a critical growth in the adhesive force gradient at each surface as their separation is reduced to a critical value. We have applied the embedded-atom method to examine this phenomenon for (001)- and (111)-oriented Ni, Cu, and Au surfaces. Both statics and dynamics of adhesion are considered, revealing that tensile stress waves are generated upon avalanche and eventually decay into heat due to the effects of dispersion and dissipation. These tensile waves are associated with a wavelike transmission of the adhesive force, caused by the occurrence of the avalanche event. The presence of avalanche events will cause difficulties in the interpretation of experimental studies of interfacial forces.
Risk factors associated with adverse outcome following extracorporeal life support: analysis from 360 consecutive patients (2014)

ECLS therapy offers one-year survival to one quarter of patients with an otherwise fatal prognosis. Procedural mortality is low and morbidity at the implantation site typically moderate. Thus, prolonged metabolic deterioration in combination with high-dose vasopressor support prior to ECLS therapy should be avoided, particularly in younger patients.
Dynamic binning peak detection and assessment of various lipidomics liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry pre-processing platforms (2021)

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics generates large datasets that need to be interpreted using high-performance data pre-processing tools such as XCMS, mzMine, and Progenesis. These pre-processing tools rely heavily on accurate peak detection, which depends on proper setting of the peak detection mass tolerance (PDMT). The PDMT is usually set with a fixed value in either ppm or Da units. However, this fixed value may result in duplicates or missed peak detection and inaccurate peak quantification. To improve the accuracy of peak detection, we developed the dynamic binning method, which considers peak broadening described by the physics of ion separation and sets the PDMT dynamically in function of m/z. In our method, the PDMT is proportional to (mz)<sup>2</sup> for Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR), to (mz)<sup>1.5</sup> for Orbitrap and to m/z for Quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), and is a constant for Quadrupole mass analyzer. The dynamic binning method was implemented in XCMS [1,2], and the adopted source code is available in GitHub at https://github.com/xiaodfeng/DynamicXCMS. We have compared the performance of the XCMS implemented dynamic binning with different popular lipidomics pre-processing tools to find differential compounds. We generated set samples with 43 lipid internal standards that were differentially spiked to aliquots of one human plasma lipid sample using Orbitrap LC-MS/MS. The performance of various pipelines using matched parameter sets was quantified by a quality score system that reflects the ability of a pre-processing pipeline to detect differential peaks spiked at various concentrations. The quality score indicated that our dynamic binning method improves the quantification performance of XCMS (maximum p-value 9.8·10<sup>-3</sup> of two-sample Wilcoxon test) over its original implementation. We also showed that the XCMS with dynamic binning found differential spiked-in lipids better or with similar performance as mzMine and Progenesis do.
Synthesis of biomass-derived feedstocks for the polymers and fuels industries from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and acetone (2019)

We show a process for efficient conversion of biomass derived 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural by aldol condensation with acetone to high molecular weight compounds for applications in polymer, pigment, and petroleum industries.
Comparison of Glucosamine-Chondroitin Sulfate with and without Methylsulfonylmethane in Grade I-II Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. (2017)

combination of glucosamine-chondroitinsulfate-methylsulfonylmethane showed clinical benefit for patients with knee OAK ellgren-Lawrence grade I-II compared with GC and placebo. GC did not make clinical improvement in overall groups of patients with knee OA Kellgren Lawrence grade I-II.
The Material Dispersion Zero in Infrared Optical Waveguide Materials (1981)

The wavelength where the material dispersion is zero, i.e., that wavelength for which a multimode lightguide would function at highest bandwidth, can be estimated using fundamental materials properties. Operation of lightguides at or near this wavelength is essential for the use of very long fiber lengths with high bandwidth. Calculations have been performed for large groups of metal oxides, fluorides, chlorides, and bromides. These data can be used to locate materials with potential for ultralow-loss fibers at longer wavelengths than are currently in use.
Fertilization‐promoting peptide in reproductive tissues and semen of the male marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) (1997)

Fertilization-promoting peptide (FPP) is present in the prostate gland and semen of some mammals, and has been shown to enhance the fertilizing ability of both epididymal mouse and ejaculated human spermatozoa. The novel peptide may prove of importance for the treatment of some cases of male infertility, and a suitable animal model would be useful to test this hypothesis. To this end, we examined reproductive tissues and semen of the male marmoset for the presence of FPP. Peptides were extracted from seminal plasma, testes, prostate, and bulbourethral glands of intact and castrated male marmosets. The peptides were identified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay. The mean concentration of FPP immunoreactivity in semen from intact males was 58.7 nM (SE ± 9.9 nM, n = 10), and anion-exchange chromatography revealed FPP as the only immunoreactive peptide present. Analysis of tissues revealed that FPP in semen was likely to be derived from the prostate gland, which contained this peptide as the major source of immunoreactivity (10.86 pmol/gland; SE ± 4.39 pmol/gland, n = 4). Only low concentrations of FPP were detectable in the bulbourethral glands, and the peptide was undetectable in the testis. Surprisingly, FPP was readily detectable in the seminal plasma from one castrated marmoset and was present in the prostate gland from 3 castrates at levels which did not differ significantly from those in intact animals (5.47 pmol/gland, SE ± 1.64 pmol/gland, n = 3). Plasma testosterone measurements indicated that residual circulatory androgens remained after castration, which may be consistent both with the maintenance of mating behavior and the presence of prostatic FPP. We conclude that FPP is present within the prostate gland and seminal plasma of the marmoset at concentrations consistent with a role in male fertility in this species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 47:113–119, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny and Functions of Central Nervous System Macrophages (2014)

Microglia, the only nonneuroepithelial cells found in the parenchyma of the CNS, originate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac and enter the CNS quite early (embryonic day 9.5-10 in mice). Thereafter, microglia are maintained independently of any input from the blood and, in particular, do not require hematopoietic stem cells as a source of replacement for senescent cells. Monocytes are hematopoietic cells, derived from bone marrow. The ontogeny of microglia and monocytes is important for understanding CNS pathologies. Microglial functions are distinct from those of blood-derived monocytes, which invade the CNS only under pathological conditions. Recent data reveal that microglia play an important role in managing neuronal cell death, neurogenesis, and synaptic interactions. In this article, we discuss the physiology of microglia and the functions of monocytes in CNS pathology. We address the roles of microglia and monocytes in neurodegenerative diseases as an example of CNS pathology.
Cytotoxic T cells in HIV and other retroviral infections (1992)

HIV-1 infections in humans SIV or HIV-2 infection in experimental animals T lymphocyte subpopulation and cytokine expression in tissues.
In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Dihydropyrimidinone C-5 Amides as Potent and Selective α1A Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2000)

alpha(1) Adrenergic receptors mediate both vascular and lower urinary tract tone, and alpha(1) receptor antagonists such as terazosin (1b) are used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, three different subtypes of this receptor have been identified, with the alpha(1A) receptor being most prevalent in lower urinary tract tissue. This paper explores 4-aryldihydropyrimidinones attached to an aminopropyl-4-arylpiperidine via a C-5 amide as selective alpha(1A) receptor subtype antagonists. In receptor binding assays, these types of compounds generally display K(i) values for the alpha(1a) receptor subtype <1 nM while being greater than 100-fold selective versus the alpha(1b) and alpha(1d) receptor subtypes. Many of these compounds were also evaluated in vivo and found to be more potent than terazosin in both a rat model of prostate tone and a dog model of intra-urethral pressure without significantly affecting blood pressure. While many of the compounds tested displayed poor pharmacokinetics, compound 48 was found to have adequate bioavailability (>20%) and half-life (>6 h) in both rats and dogs. Due to its selectivity for the alpha(1a) over the alpha(1b) and alpha(1d) receptors as well as its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, 48 has the potential to relieve the symptoms of BPH without eliciting effects on the cardiovascular system.
Project-oriented approach in mechatronic education in Macedonia, Kosovo and Montenegro (2012)

The industrial developments in the last two decades and the industry requirement for practical knowledge have made it necessary to reconsider the classical engineering curriculum in the universities in the Western Balkan Countries. A multidisciplinary approach with focus on project oriented education was introduced to fulfill the requirements of modern technological society and industry. Based on the industry demands and EU best practices, a project-oriented approach in mechatronic education was introduced in 4 Western Balkan Universities in the frame of a Tempus project. Two different approaches for introducing student projects as part of project-oriented education are presented. The first one is the project oriented module Pro8, designed to simulate the future working environment of mechanical and mechatronics engineers. The second one are Mechatronic Design Studios established in 4 WBC Universities with the main objective of supporting project oriented education.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DEPENDENCES OF THERMAL CIS‐TO‐TRANS ISOMERIZATION OF AZOBENZENES WHICH EVIDENCE AN INVERSION MECHANISM (1981)

Abstract Anhand der Aktivierungsvolumina von r‐0.4 bis ‐3.3 für (Ia), 2.0 für (Ib) und ‐22.l ml/mol für (Ic) und nur geringer Druckabhängigkeit der Isomerisierungsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten für (Ia) 4 im Vergleich zu (Ib) wird gezeigt, daß Azobenzole ohne push‐pul1‐Substituenten nach einem Inversionsmechanismus isomerisieren.
Formation and rejoining of deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks induced in isolated cell nuclei by antineoplastic intercalating agents (1984)

The biochemical characteristics of the formation and disappearance of intercalator-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) were studied in nuclei from mouse leukemia L1210 cells by using filter elution methodology [Bradley, M. O., & Kohn, K.W. (1979) Nucleic Acids Res. 7, 793-804]. The three intercalators used were 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA), 5-iminodaunorubicin (5-ID), and ellipticine. These compounds differ in that they produced predominantly DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) (m-AMSA) or predominantly DNA double-strand breaks (ellipticine) or a mixture of both SSB and DSB (5-ID) in whole cells. In isolated nuclei, each intercalator produced DSB at a frequency comparable to that which is produced in whole cells. Moreover, these DNA breaks reversed within 30 min after drug removal. It thus appeared that neither ATP nor other nucleotides were necessary for intercalator-dependent DNA nicking-closing reactions. The formation of the intercalator-induced DSB was reduced at ice temperature. Break formation was also reduced in the absence of magnesium, at a pH above 6.4 and at NaCl concentrations above 200 mM. In the presence of ATP and ATP analogues, the intercalator-induced cleavage was enhanced. These results suggest that the intercalator-induced DSB are enzymatically mediated and that the enzymes involved in these reactions can catalyze DNA double-strand cleavage and rejoining in the absence of ATP, although the occupancy of an ATP binding site might convert the enzyme to a form more reactive to intercalators. Three inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II--novobiocin, nalidixic acid, and norfloxacin--reduced the formation of DNA strand breaks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Theoretical Issues Relating to Thermally Reversible Gelation by Supermolecular Fiber Formation (2009)

Existing models of the thermodynamics and dynamics of self-assembly are summarized to provide a context for discussing the difficulties that arise in modeling supermolecular fiber assembly and the formation of thermally reversible gels through fiber growth and branching. Challenging problems in this field, such as the physical origin of fibers of uniform diameter and fiber twisting, the kinetics of fiber growth, the hierarchical bundling of fibers into "superfibers", fiber branching, gelation through fiber impingement and the associated phenomenon of fractal fiber network and spherulite formation, and the origin and control of structural polymorphism in the fiber and superfiber geometry, are discussed from a personal perspective. Suggestions are made for integrating current research efforts into a more coherent multiscale description of fiber formation and gelation on molecular, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales.
[Methods for the preparation and performance of research in areas with emergency situations]. (1993)

On the basis of the experience of liquidation of medical consequences in the zones of emergency the authors came to a conclusion that organizational and clinical aspects of the Disaster Medicine had to be studied more profoundly, including the realization of scientific and practical researches immediately at the zones of crisis situations. The article contains methodics for scientific experiments, as well as various methods of work for scientists at the zones of emergency. This material can be used during organization and carrying out of tactico-special exercises with rescue teams and special medical units, and also for realization of scientific researches immediately at the zones of crisis, with further analysis of data in order to elaborate practical recommendations for the improvement of medical support of troops and civilian population during calamities and disasters.
Experimental observations on long pulse intense ion diode operation (1976)

An experiment in which a long pulse electron beam diode is converted to a reflex ion diode is reported. The results further substantiate the model of reflex ion diode behavior as well as extend the duration of ion mode operation to greater than 500 nsec.
Incidental Identification of a Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta ( THRB ) Gene Variant in a Family with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (2013)

We report an individual with normal TFTs and AITD harboring a novel THRB gene variant. In addition to illustrating the importance of accurate diagnosis of thyroid disease so that proper treatment and counseling can be given, TRβ codon 339 is not essential for normal TRβ function.
Robust principal component analysis for iterative learning control of precision motion systems with non-repetitive disturbances (2015)

In precision motion systems, the same desired trajectory may have to be repeatedly followed. In such cases, iterative learning control (ILC) is a useful strategy to improve the tracking performance at every iteration cycle. The fundamental assumption is that the error is due to repetitive disturbances. In practice, however, non-repetitive disturbances may also be present, and non-repetitive and repetitive disturbances may possess common frequency components. If non-repetitive disturbance effects enter the learning loop, the performance of ILC may be degraded. This paper studies the problem of robust ILC in the presence of non-repetitive disturbances. An optimization based time-domain Q-filtering technique is presented to prevent non-repetitive disturbances from entering the ILC learning loop. More precisely, we apply the robust principal component analysis (RPCA) to filter out non-repetitive effects from the error signals. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a laboratory setup to emulate precision motion control stages of a wafer scanner. The method is also applicable to a broad class of precision motion systems.
Subjective cognitive complaints and permanent work disability: a prospective cohort study (2021)

Subjective cognitive complaints predict permanent WD in knowledge-intensive occupations. This finding has implications for supporting work ability and preventing work disability among employees with cognitively demanding tasks.
A new definition of boundary point between early reflections and late reverberation in room impulse responses (2007)

The early reflections in the room impulse response are usually defined as those observed within the initial 80 ms after the arrival of the direct sound, after which time the sound field is called reverberant. This number was chosen from measurements of other functions in a limited number of halls. In order to give an objective foundation to this time separation and to establish a physical indicator for it, a new method is proposed that defines a "transition time t(L)," which is the time at which the energy correlation between the direct plus initial sound and the subsequent decaying sound first achieves a specified low value. For various halls this number is shown and its relevance as a new parameter is discussed.
An immunofluorescence analysis of the ontogeny of myeloid, T, and B lineage cells in mouse hemopoietic tissues. (1984)

The population dynamics of granulopoietic cells, B-lineage cells, and T lymphocytes were analyzed by immunofluorescence in mouse hemopoietic tissues as a function of age. Mac-1+ myeloid cells were present on day 11 of gestation in the liver, where they peaked shortly after birth and declined subsequently. Waves of myeloid population growth began in spleen and bone marrow by days 15 and 19, respectively. Mac-1+ cells increased in number to relatively low plateau levels in spleen by the 3rd wk after birth, whereas in the bone marrow higher plateau levels were reached around 3 mo of age. The 14.8 monoclonal antibody was utilized as one marker of B-lineage precursor cells. 14.8+ cells were detected in the liver on day 11 of gestation, reached peak numbers during the first week after birth and decreased thereafter. On day 15 and 19, 14.8+ cells were found in spleen and bone marrow, respectively, and progressively increased in numbers to reach plateau levels in both sites by 3 mo of age. Mu+ pre-B cells appeared in significant numbers in the 13-day fetal liver, reached a peak shortly after birth, and disappeared from the liver by the end of the second postnatal week. Pre-B cells were found in the spleen and bone marrow on days 15 and 19, respectively. In the spleen pre-B cells reached peak values at birth and disappeared 2 wk later. In spite of the sequential appearance of mu+ pre-B cells in fetal liver, spleen, and bone marrow, their sIgM+ B cell progeny appeared in all these hemopoietic tissues on day 17 of gestation. In the liver, sIgM+ B cells reached their peak at birth and declined thereafter. In the spleen and bone marrow, B cells increased to plateau levels between 1 and 4 mo of age. Thy-1.2+ T cells were relatively late acquisitions in all three hemopoietic tissues. Finally, the expression of the 14.8 antigen by mu+ cells was examined as a function of gestational age. While pre-B cells from day-13 fetuses had no detectable 14.8 antigen, the antigen was weakly expressed on the vast majority of the mu+ pre-B cells by day 17 of gestation. Newborn liver cells expressing 14.8 antigen were found to include a small proportion of cells with peroxidase+ granules. Thus, demonstration of rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin genes may be required for precise identification of cells of B lineage early in ontogeny.