gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised domain adaptation and super resolution on drone images for autonomous dry herbage biomass estimation (2022)

Herbage mass yield and composition estimation is an important tool for dairy farmers to ensure an adequate supply of high quality herbage for grazing and subsequently milk production. By accurately estimating herbage mass and composition, targeted nitrogen fertiliser application strategies can be deployed to improve localised regions in a herbage field, effectively reducing the negative impacts of over-fertilization on biodiversity and the environment. In this context, deep learning algorithms offer a tempting alternative to the usual means of sward composition estimation, which involves the destructive process of cutting a sample from the herbage field and sorting by hand all plant species in the herbage. The process is labour intensive and time consuming and so not utilised by farmers. Deep learning has been successfully applied in this context on images collected by high-resolution cameras on the ground. Moving the deep learning solution to drone imaging, however, has the potential to further improve the herbage mass yield and composition estimation task by extending the ground-level estimation to the large surfaces occupied by fields/paddocks. Drone images come at the cost of lower resolution views of the fields taken from a high altitude and requires further herbage ground-truth collection from the large surfaces covered by drone images. This paper proposes to transfer knowledge learned on ground-level images to raw drone images in an unsupervised manner. To do so, we use unpaired image style translation to enhance the resolution of drone images by a factor of eight and modify them to appear closer to their ground-level counterparts. We then ... ~\url{www.github.com/PaulAlbert31/Clover_SSL}.
[Anaerobic microbial associations degrading aromatic amino acids]. (2006)

Anaerobic microbial associations have been isolated that degrade aromatic amino acids to methane and carbon dioxide at high rates. Significant differences between the morphological, cytological, and physiological traits of cultures isolated from samples of adapted and unadapted sludge are shown. The effects of cultivation temperature, illumination, and presence of mineral nitrogen and bicarbonate in the medium upon adaptation of enrichment cultures to substrates and subsequent behavior of the anaerobic associations have been studied. Intermediate and final products of degradation of aminoaromatic compounds and the sequence of their formation in the cultures have been determined. We have also studied the effects of exogenous electron acceptors and additional carbon sources on the degradation of aminoaromatic compounds.
Weak and Strong MHD Turbulence (2011)

The general conditions for the weak and strong regimes of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence are derived and studied in the framework of the direct interaction approximation. It is shown that in the framework of the weak turbulence theory, the autocorrelation and cascade timescales are always of the same order of magnitude. This means that, contrary to the general belief, any model of turbulence which implies a large number of collisions among wave packets for an efficient energy cascade (such as the Iroshnikov–Kraichnan model), does not represent a model of weak turbulence.
Diethoxymethyl Protected Indoles: Synthesis and Regioselective Transformations (1996)

Reaction of the indoles 1a-d with triethyl orthoformate gives access to the N-diethoxymethyl derivatives 2a-d. Convenient and mild removal of the diethoxymethyl substituent is possible by subsequent treatment of 2a-d with aqueous HCl and NaOH. Using 2a as an example, it could be shown that deprotonation followed by addition of an electrophile (Me3SiCl or Bu3SnCl) leads to substitution in position 2. Further functionalization was possible by palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions starting from the stannane 4. The diethoxymethyl protected η 6-tricarbonylchromium complex 5 facilitated acylation in position 2 after deprotonation.
Practical Aspects of Smart Cards (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Acceptance Tell-tale Signs of Difficult Smart Card Systems Prerequisites for Easy Smart Card Systems In-field Faults
the effect of environmental factors on biosynthesis of carotenoids and polyphenols in fruits and vegetables : a review and prospects (2009)

International audience
Cluster Based Semantic Data Aggregation in VANETs (2015)

Recently, we are witnessing increased interest in the research of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). Due to the peculiar characteristics of VANETs, such as high speed, the unstable communication link, and network partitioning, information transfer becomes inevitably challenging. The main communication challenges in vehicle to vehicle communication is scalability, predictability and reliability. With increasing number of vehicles in highway congestion scenarios, the congestion application need to disseminate large amount of information over multiple hops to the control center. This challenge can be solved by reducing the data load through clustering and data aggregation. In this paper, we propose cluster based semantic data aggregation (CBSDA) protocol that divide the road into different segments based on the cluster-ID and aggregate the data in each cluster. The aggregation scheme is a lossy aggregation with maximum precision. CBSDA scheme stores the data using a data structure that consists of super cluster, cluster and cluster member (CM) nodes. CBSDA is proposed to adaptively adjust the number of super cluster nodes. Moreover, the CBSDA scheme consists of weighted deviation scheme that decides which data to be fused for aggregation. Additionally, the aggregation level is controlled based on the density of vehicles and channel busy ratio (CBR). Simulation results show that the CBSDA using weighted deviation decision scheme is able to quickly reduce the channel congestion and improve the data precision even in congested traffic scenarios.
Ischemic Volkmann Contracture From Intrauterine Compartment Syndrome (2022)

Neonatal compartment syndrome also known as congenital Volkmann ischemic contracture is a rare condition with limited cases described in literature. This condition presents with progressive limb ischemia and tissue necrosis at birth or immediately thereafter. It often involves the upper extremity with cutaneous lesions that can be mistaken for other entities. Failure to recognize the sentinel lesion with underlying deeper pathology (compartment syndrome) can result in delayed treatment and long-term functional impairment. We report a newborn at birth with unilateral, well-demarcated areas of ulceration on the forearm and antecubital fossa with functional impairment including wrist drop and absence of finger flexion.
Scalable mRNA Machine for Regulatory Approval of Variable Scale between 1000 Clinical Doses to 10 Million Manufacturing Scale Doses (2023)

The production of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and other biologics is performed primarily in batch mode. This results in larger equipment, cleaning/sterilization volumes, and dead times compared to any continuous approach. Consequently, production throughput is lower and capital costs are relatively high. Switching to continuous production thus reduces the production footprint and also lowers the cost of goods (COG). During process development, from the provision of clinical trial samples to the production plant, different plant sizes are usually required, operating at different operating parameters. To speed up this step, it would be optimal if only one plant with the same equipment and piping could be used for all sizes. In this study, an efficient solution to this old challenge in biologics manufacturing is demonstrated, namely the qualification and validation of a plant setup for clinical trial doses of about 1000 doses and a production scale-up of about 10 million doses. Using the current example of the Comirnaty BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the cost-intensive in vitro transcription was first optimized in batch so that a yield of 12 g/L mRNA was achieved, and then successfully transferred to continuous production in the segmented plug flow reactor with subsequent purification using ultra- and diafiltration, which enables the recycling of costly reactants. To realize automated process control as well as real-time product release, the use of appropriate process analytical technology is essential. This will also be used to efficiently capture the product slug so that no product loss occurs and contamination from the fill-up phase is &lt;1%. Further work will focus on real-time release testing during a continuous operating campaign under autonomous operational control. Such efforts will enable direct industrialization in collaboration with appropriate industry partners, their regulatory affairs, and quality assurance. A production scale-operation could be directly supported and managed by data-driven decisions.
Correction to Formation of a Stacked Dimeric G-Quadruplex Containing Bulges by the 5′-Terminal Region of Human Telomerase RNA (hTERC) (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Formation of a Stacked Dimeric G-Quadruplex Containing Bulges by the 5′-Terminal Region of Human Telomerase RNA (hTERC)Herry Martadinata and Anh Tuân Phan*Cite this: Biochemistry 2015, 54, 48, 7156Publication Date (Web):November 25, 2015Publication History Published online25 November 2015Published inissue 8 December 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01231https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01231correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views861Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (454 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A model for the initiation and growth of extracellular lipid liposomes in arterial intima (1997)

There is considerable evidence that lipoprotein cholesterol, after crossing the arterial endothelium and entering the intima from the vascular lumen, lodges in extracellular lipid packets (labeled "liposomes") bound to the extracellular matrix. These liposomes appear to form by occasional attachment of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to the intimal matrix and to grow in place mainly by appending available free LDL. The liposome size distributions observed in chronically hypercholesteremic (WHHL) and in short-term cholesterol-fed rabbits are quite different. We propose a hierarchy of simple nucleation-polymerization models to describe liposome formation and growth. Even the simplest of these (with only one adjustable parameter) agrees extremely well with the WHHL data. In contrast, the cholesterol-fed rabbit data seem to result from the short-term nonuniform intimal history of LDL supply, which is a consequence of the focal nature of the transendothelial LDL flow through isolated transient leakyjunctions. The same models used for the WHHL data, together with this intimal nonuniformity, superimposed on a slow uniform transendothelial seepage also account very well for this cholesterol-fed rabbit data.
Reciprocal Regulation of Angiotensin Receptor-activated Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases by β-Arrestins 1 and 2 (2004)

beta-Arrestin2 not only plays essential roles in seven membrane-spanning receptor desensitization and internalization but also functions as a signal transducer in mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. Here we show that the angiotensin II type 1A receptor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in HEK-293 cells is increased when the cellular level of beta-arrestin1 is down-regulated by RNA interference but is decreased or eliminated when the cellular level of beta-arrestin2 is diminished. Such reciprocal effects of down-regulated levels of beta-arrestins 1 and 2 are primarily due to differences in the ability of the two forms of beta-arrestins to directly mediate ERK activation. These results are the first to demonstrate reciprocal activity of beta-arrestin isoforms on a signaling pathway and suggest that physiological levels of beta-arrestin1 may act as "dominant-negative" inhibitors of beta-arrestin2-mediated ERK activation.
Electromechanical Actuation and Current-Induced Metastable States in Suspended Single-Crystalline VO2 Nanoplatelets (2011)

Current-induced electromechanical actuation enabled by the metal-insulator transition in VO(2) nanoplatelets is demonstrated. The Joule heating by a sufficient current flowing through suspended nanoplatelets results in formation of heterophase domain patterns and is accompanied by nanoplatelet deformation. The actuation action can be achieved in a wide temperature range below the bulk phase transition temperature (68 °C). The observed current-sustained heterophase domain structures should be interpreted as distinct metastable states in free-standing and end-clamped VO(2) samples. We analyze the main prerequisites for the realization of a current-controlled actuator based on the proposed concept.
GABA and Glutamate Receptors of the Autistic Brain (2011)

Autism is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by impaired communication, significant reduction in social interaction, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviour. It is highly hereditable How those alterations ultimately cause the autistic phenotype is still very poorly understood. Besides genomic abnormalities, environmental and epigenetic factors may also increase the risk of developing autism or autistic traits. Prenatal exposure to rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, or to the chemical substances thalidomide and valproate are among the non-genetic causes linked to autism Regardless of the origins of autism, neuropathological observations are consistently found in several areas of autistic brains Indeed, many of the genes associated with high risk for autism and those increasing susceptibility are directly, or indirectly, involved in axon guidance, neuronal signalling, metabolism, cell differentiation and synaptic homeostasis Therefore, along with an early diagnosis (Limon 2007), the prevention and correction of the abnormal connectivity, and the modulation of the synaptic function are the main goals of current and future treatments of the pathological characteristics of the autistic disorders. Glutamate and GABA are the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the human brain and both have important roles during early development of the nervous system, an ontological stage when the evidence indicates that autism begins. Therefore, it is important to analyse the functional status of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the autistic brain. Cumulative evidence indicates that dysfunctional excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activities underlie several of the characteristics of autism and are, consequently, important targets of pharmacological intervention. In this chapter we describe how glutamate and GABA receptors may participate in the aetiology of autistic disorders and will discuss some of the methods that we have developed to study functional and pharmacological properties of human membrane receptors. We include information demonstrating that functional studies of GABA and glutamate receptors from autistic tissue www.intechopen.com Autism -A Neurodevelopmental Journey from Genes to Behaviour 50 are feasible and important for the development of new drugs aimed at the manipulation of the GABAergic or glutamatergic systems in the autistic brain.
Video Compression Using Nested Quadtree Structures, Leaf Merging, and Improved Techniques for Motion Representation and Entropy Coding (2010)

Abstract-A video coding architecture is described that is based on nested and pre-configurable quadtree structures for flexible and signal-adaptive picture partitioning. The primary goal of this partitioning concept is to provide a high degree of adaptability for both temporal and spatial prediction as well as for the purpose of space-frequency representation of prediction residuals. At the same time, a leaf merging mechanism is included in order to prevent excessive partitioning of a picture into prediction blocks and to reduce the amount of bits for signaling the prediction signal. For fractional-sample motion-compensated prediction, a fixed-point implementation of the maximal-order minimum-support algorithm is presented that uses a combination of infinite impulse response and FIR filtering. Entropy coding utilizes the concept of probability interval partitioning entropy codes that offers new ways for parallelization and enhanced throughput. The presented video coding scheme was submitted to a joint call for proposals of ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group and was ranked among the five best performing proposals, both in terms of subjective and objective quality.
Modular design of artificial potential field and nonlinear model predictive control for a vehicle collision avoidance system with move blocking strategy (2017)

The collision avoidance (CA) system is a pivotal part of the autonomous vehicle. Ability to navigate the vehicle in various hazardous scenarios demands reliable actuator interventions. In a complex CA scenario, the increased nonlinearity requires a dependable control strategy. For example, during collisions with a sudden appearing obstacle (i.e. crossing pedestrian, vehicle), the abrupt increment of vehicle longitudinal and lateral forces summation during the CA maneuver demands a system with the ability to handle coupled nonlinear dynamics. Failure to address the aforementioned issues will result in collisions and near-miss incidents. Thus, to solve these issues, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC)-based path tracking strategy is proposed as the automated motion guidance for the host vehicle CA architecture. The system is integrated with the artificial potential field (APF) as the motion planning strategy. In a hazardous scenario, APF measures the collision risks and formulates the desired yaw rate and deceleration metrics for the path replanning. APF ensures an optimal replanned trajectory by including the vehicle dynamics into its optimization formulation. NMPC then acts as the coupled path and speed tracking controller to enable vehicle navigation. To accommodate vehicle comfort during the avoidance, NMPC is constrained. Due to its complexity as a nonlinear controller, NMPC can be time-consuming. Therefore, a move blocking strategy is assimilated within the architecture to decrease the system’s computational burden. The modular nature of the architecture allows each strategy to be tuned and developed independently without affecting each others’ performance. The system’s tracking performance is analyzed by computational simulations with several CA scenarios (crossing pedestrian, parked bus, and sudden appearing moving vehicle at an intersection). NMPC tracking performance is compared to the nominal MPC and linear controllers. The effect of move blocking strategies on NMPC performance are analyzed, and the results are compared in terms of mean squared error values. The inclusion of nonlinear tracking controllers in the architecture is shown to provide reliable CA actions in various hazardous scenarios. The work is important for the development of a reliable controller strategy for multi-scenario CA of the fully autonomous vehicle.
Spontaneous Vegetation on Overburden Piles in the Coal Basin of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2007)

Abstract The objective of this work was to select indigenous vegetal species for restoration programs aiming at the regeneration of ombrophilous dense forest. Thirty‐five spoil piles located in the county of Sideropolis, Santa Catarina, that received overburden disposal for 39 years (1950–1989) were selected for study because they exhibited remarkable spontaneous regrowth of trees compared to surrounding spoil piles. Floristic inventory covered the whole area of the 35 piles, whereas survey on phytosociology and natural regeneration studies were conducted in 70 plots distributed along the 35 piles. Floristic inventory recorded 83 species from 28 botanical families. Herbaceous terricolous plants constituted the predominant species (47.0%), followed by shrubs (26.5%), trees (19.3%), and vines (7.2%). Results from surveys on phytosociology and natural regeneration, focused on shrubs and trees, recorded incipient ecological succession. In addition, the most adapted species recorded on the overburden piles, as ranked by index of natural regeneration (RNT) plus importance value index (IVI), were as follows: Clethra scabra (RNT = 23.93%; IVI = 17.28%), Myrsine coriacea (RNT = 20.93%, IVI = 11.26%), Eupatorium intermedium (RNT = 7.56%, IVI = 0.40%), Miconia ligustroides (RNT = 5.84%, IVI = 2.37%), Ossaea amygdaloides (RNT = 3.84%, IVI = 1.30%), Tibouchina sellowiana (RNT = 3.29%, IVI = 1.94%), Eup. inulaefolium (RNT = 2.65%, IVI = 0.80%), and Baccharis dracunculifolia (RNT = 2.28%; IVI = 0.56%). High values of IVI and RNT exhibited by the exotic species Eucalyptus saligna (IVI = 21.73%, RNT = 51.41%) indicated strong competition between exotic and indigenous species. Severe chemical (acidic pH and lack of nutrients) and physical (coarse substrate and slope angle of 40–50°) characteristics displayed by the overburden piles constituted limitations to floristic diversity and size of indigenous trees, indicating the need for substrate reclamation prior to forest restoration.
Fast neutron capture cross sections for silicon. (1972)

at higher energies is recommended. Where less resolution is needed the fast fission system is more sensitive. (auth)
Dynamic Structural Changes in a Molecular Zeolite-Supported Iridium Catalyst for Ethene Hydrogenation (2009)

The structure of a catalyst often changes as a result of changes in the reactive environment during operation. Examples include changes in bulk phases, extended surface structures, and nanoparticle morphologies; now we report real-time characterization of changes in the structure of a working supported catalyst at the molecular level. Time-resolved extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data demonstrate the reversible interconversion of mononuclear iridium complexes and tetrairidium clusters inside zeolite Y cages, with the structure controlled by the C(2)H(4)/H(2) ratio during ethene hydrogenation at 353 K. The data demonstrate break-up of tetrairidium clusters into mononuclear complexes indicated by a decrease in the Ir-Ir coordination number in ethene-rich feed. When the feed composition was switched to first equimolar and then to a H(2)-rich (C(2)H(4)/H(2) = 0.3) feed, the EXAFS spectra show the reformation of tetrairidium clusters as the Ir-Ir coordination number increased again. When the feed composition was cycled from ethene-rich to H(2)-rich, the predominant species in the catalyst cycled accordingly. Evidence confirming the structural change is provided by IR spectra of iridium carbonyls formed by probing of the catalyst with CO. The data are the first showing how to tune the structure of a solid catalyst at the molecular scale by choice of the reactant composition.