gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surge Capability Testing of Supercapacitor Families Using a Lightning Surge Simulator (2011)

Supercapacitors (SCs) are capable of storing energy in the range of fractional joules to several thousands of joules despite their lower dc voltage ratings. Farad-order capacitances combined with milliohm-order equivalent series resistances provide time constants ranging from fractional seconds to seconds. Given these time constants, compared to the time durations of power line transients in the range of a few microseconds to several hundreds of microseconds, these devices may be able to withstand short-duration surges with energy values specified in IEEE C62-XX series, IEC 61400-4-5, and similar standards. However, there is little or no manufacturer datasheet information on these aspects. This paper provides details of an automatic tester interfaced with a lightning surge simulator, a test procedure, and summarized test data on three different families of SCs. The test data set provides some valuable insight in estimating the capabilities of these new SC families to withstand surges and transients, which, in turn, could lead to nontraditional applications.
A novel method for measuring intestinal and hepatic triacylglycerol kinetics (2013)

This study aimed to 1) develop a method that completely separated hepatic (VLDL1, VLDL2) and intestinal [chylomicron (CM)] lipoproteins and 2) use the method to measure triacylglycerol (TAG) kinetics in these lipoproteins in the fed and fasting state in healthy subjects, using intravenous [²H₅]glycerol as the tracer. An immunoaffinity method that completely separated hepatic and intestinal particles using sequential binding to three antibodies to apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) was established and validated. Six healthy volunteers were studied in a fasted and continuous feeding study (study 1). Five additional healthy volunteers were studied in a continuous feeding study that included an oral [¹³C₃]glycerol tripalmitin tracer (study 2). In both studies, an intravenous bolus of [²H₅]glycerol was administered to label TAG in hepatic and intestinal lipoproteins. In both feeding studies there was sufficient incorporation of the [²H₅]glycerol tracer into the exogenous lipoproteins to enable isotopic enrichment to be measured. In study 2, the oral tracer enrichment in VLDL1 was <5% of CM enrichment 150 min after tracer administration, demonstrating negligible contamination of VLDL1 with apoB-48. Western blotting showed no detectable apoB-100 in CMs. VLDL1 and VLDL2 TAG fractional catabolic rate (FCR) did not differ between feeding and fasting (study 1). There was no difference between CM and VLDL1 TAG FCR in both fed studies. In fed study 2, 47% of the total TAG production rate (CM + VLDL1) was from CM. This methodology may be a useful tool for understanding the abnormalities in postprandial TAG kinetics in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Effect of Geometric Challenges on Cell Migration (2011)

Cellular infiltration and colonization of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds is influenced by many factors. One of the major factors is the internal architecture presented to the cells. In this work, we have developed and validated a microfluidic device that presents a multitude of geometric challenges to cells, mimicking the architectural aspects and characteristics of 3D porous scaffolds in a two-dimensional arrangement. This device has been utilized to investigate the influence of varying channel widths, degrees of channel tortuosity, the presence of contractions or expansions, and channel junctions on the migration of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSCs). These two cell types were observed to have vastly different migration characteristics; 3T3 fibroblasts migrate as a collective cell front, whereas hMSCs migrate as single cells. This resulted in 3T3 fibroblasts displaying significant differences in migration depending on the type of geometrical constraint, whereas hMSCs were only influenced by channel width when it approached that of the length scale of a single cell. The differences in migration characteristics were shown to be related to the expression of the intercellular junction protein N-cadherin. We observed that 3T3 fibroblasts express higher levels of N-cadherin than hMSCs and that N-cadherin inhibition modified the migration characteristics of the 3T3 fibroblasts, so that they were then similar to that of hMSCs. The results of this study both confirm the utility of the device and highlight that differences in migration characteristics of different cell types can be deterministic of how they may respond to geometric constraints within porous tissue engineering constructs.
An Integrated Analytical/Numerical Framework for Verification and Validation of Attitude Control Systems for Flexible Satellites (2012)

Modern geostationary telecommunication satellites typically employ large antenna and solar arrays which can generate flexible modes close to the bandwidth of the attitude control system. Combined with uncertainties in mass and inertias and effects such as fuel sloshing in large tanks without membranes, such dynamics represent a particular problem for accurate attitude control. This paper describes a framework for assessing the effects of these uncertain dynamics on the stability and performance of attitude control systems, using a combination of analytical and numerical tools. We develop detailed Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT)-based models of the uncertainties present in a modern telecom satellite and apply -analysis to these models in order to generate robustness guarantees. We validate these models and results by cross-checking them against worst-case analysis results produced by global optimisation algorithms applied to the original system model. The proposed integrated analytical/numerical framework is shown to provide more reliable results, and to be significantly more efficient, than standard Monte-Carlo simulations. I. Introduction A key challenge in the design of modern telecom satellites is the assessment of the effects of flexible modes generated by large appendages on the satellite’s attitude control system. Both the frequency and damping of these flexible modes are very difficult to predict accurately, and are typically only specified to lie within certain minimum and maximum bounds. The problem is compounded by the possibility of interactions with other sources of uncertainty in the system, in particular the effects of fuel sloshing in large tanks that are required in order to reach and maintain geostationary orbits. Attitude control systems for telecom satellites are generally designed using simplified models which do not include all sources of uncertainty and variation present in the system. This necessitates a formal process of verification and validation which assess the stability and performance properties of the controller when implemented on a high-fidelity simulation model. The standard approach to this problem adopted by satellite manufacturers is to combine tests on configurations that (based on engineering judgement) are considered likely to be problematic, with extensive Monte Carlo simulation campaigns in order to accumulate statistical confidence in the robustness properties of the controller. Such campaigns can have significant computational and cost overheads for manufacturers, since very large numbers of simulations are required in order to provide strong statistical guarantees of robustness. 1 In addition, there is now accumulating evidence that such campaigns can fail to reliably assess worst-case behaviour, especially for systems which are subject to flexible dynamics. 2–5
Separation of bovine α - and β-trypsin by affinity chromatography (1971)

potentiation of release caused by 5mM-arginine was completely abolished. Also, the rate of release in response to a new secretagogue, 20mM-Dxylulose, was significantly diminished.
Recent progress of high-entropy materials for energy storage and conversion (2020)

This review covers the recent developments in catalysis, water splitting, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage enabled by high entropy materials.
Temperature dependence of the polarization and linewidth of the optical transitions of single NV centers in diamond (2009)

Polarization and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy are used to measure the nitrogen-vacancy center optical transition polarization and linewidth as a function of temperature. Finite relaxation and line-broadening is observed even at temperatures below 25 K.
A conceptual theory of question answering (1986)

A theory of Q/A has been proposed from the perspective of natural language processing that relieson ideas in conceptual information processing and theories of human memory organization. This theory of Q/A has been implemented in a computer program, QUALM. QUALM is currently used by two story understanding systems (SAM and PAM) to complete a natural language processing system that reads stories and answers questions about what was read.
Symbolic dynamic EEG for the assessment of the level of consciousness during general anaesthesia (2010)

Dept of Automatic Control, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
A-MHA*: Anytime Multi-Heuristic A* (2021)

Designing good heuristic functions for graph search requires adequate domain knowledge. It is often easy to design heuristics that perform well and correlate with the underlying true cost-to-go values in certain parts of the search space but these may not be admissible throughout the domain thereby affecting the optimality guarantees of the search. Bounded suboptimal search using several of such partially good but inadmissible heuristics was developed in Multi-Heuristic A* (MHA*). Although MHA* leverages multiple inadmissible heuristics to potentially generate a faster suboptimal solution, the original version does not improve the solution over time. It is an one shot algorithm that requires careful setting of inflation factors to obtain a desired one time solution. In this work, we tackle this issue by extending MHA* to an anytime version that finds a feasible suboptimal solution quickly and continually improve it until time runs out. Our work is inspired from the Anytime Repairing A* (ARA*) algorithm. We prove that our precise adaptation of ARA* concepts in the MHA* framework preserves the original suboptimal and completeness guarantees and enhances MHA* to perform in an anytime fashion. Furthermore, we report the performance of A-MHA* in 3-D path planning domain and sliding tiles puzzle and compare against MHA* and other anytime algorithms.
Nodulation and specificity in the legume genus Lotononis and description of novel Lotononis angolensis isolates (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess promising potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Previous studies demonstrated that spheroid formation of MSCs exhibited improved stemness maintenance and therapeutic potential compared with monolayer culture. To date, various spheroid culture systems have been developed but most of them required low adhesion conditions or special equipment. In this study, we demonstrated that inoculation of dissociated MSCs in TeSR-E8 medium could induce self-assemble spheroid formation in conventional tissue culture polystyrene dishes. Compared with monolayer culture, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) spheroids enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic capability of ADSCs compared with monolayer culture. When reseeded in normal serum-containing medium, the expression level of stemness biomarkers was even higher in spheroid-derived ADSCs than monolayer culture. Importantly, spheroid ADSCs could effectively promote the M2 polarization of macrophages both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. After transplantation into mouse, spheroid ADSCs improved the survival rate and significantly decreased serum levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1<i>β</i> and TNF-<i>α</i> following LPS challenge. In summary, we developed a 3D spheroid culture system through TeSR-E8 medium without the involvement of low adhesion conditions and special equipment, which provided a practical and convenient method for spheroid formation of MSCs with great potential for stem cell clinical therapy.
PET and Brain Tumor Image Fusion (2004)

PET imaging with (18)F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG-PET) is useful both for the initial evaluation of brain tumors and for follow up after therapy. Over 400 FDG-PET studies are performed at Duke University Medical Center annually for brain tumors. Image registration of FDG-PET data with anatomic imaging (MRI) is essential to accurately localize the abnormality in the brain because of the metabolic heterogeneity of brain tumors and the high background metabolism of normal cerebral cortex. A practical semi-automated image registration technique has been developed which is used routinely for all brain tumor patients. In the future, image registration will likely become increasingly important for FDG and other PET tracers used for brain tumor imaging, and the combined functional/anatomic information will be utilized directly for therapeutic radiation and surgical treatment planning.
Structural and mechanical characterization of re-pressed and annealed iron-alumina metal matrix nanocomposites (2017)

In this study, structural and mechanical properties of re-pressed and annealed iron (Fe)-alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) was investigated. Composite composition with 5 wt.% of alumina to iron was fabricated using ball milling technique. Cylindrical sintered specimens were pressed at a load of 10, 12.5, and 15 kN in a die of similar diameter so as to have maximum deformation internally at grain as well as at grain boundary. These specimens were heat treated at 900, 1000, and 1100℃ for 1 h to anneal the stresses as well as to enhance the bonding between grains. Synthesized specimens were characterized for their microstructure, density and hardness respectively. Scanning electron microscopic images of the synthesized specimens revealed the formation of dense phase microstructure along with the presence of nano-dispersion of iron aluminate (FeAl 2 O 4 ) phase. Secondary processing of metal matrix nanocomposites resulted in an increase in density of prepared specimens from 4.6960 to 5.5035 g/cm 3 and the hardness values increased from 63 to 94 HRH.
Temperature dependence and post-stress recovery of hot electron degradation effects in bipolar transistors (2002)

The authors present the results of a study of the BJT (bipolar junction transistor) degradation process due to hot electrons with the goal of better understanding the degradation rate of current gain and noise characteristics under various temperature and bias conditions. Degradation was produced by reverse biasing (-4 V) the base emitter junction of bipolar transistors at various temperatures (-75 to 240 C), with stress periods ranging from 1/60th of a second to over 1000 h. Post-stress recovery of the degradation was studied using both high-temperature annealing and base-emitter forward biases. Two mechanisms which decrease the rate of degradation at higher temperatures are the reduction in the number of hot electrons at higher temperatures and the simultaneous annealing of the states produced by hot electrons at higher temperatures. Experimental data are used to develop a model description of the hot-electron-induced gain degradation process which includes both the temperature dependence of the number of hot electrons and the temperature dependence of a simultaneous repassivation process which is observed at high ambient temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanisms Controlling Anaemia in Trypanosoma congolense Infected Mice (2009)

The innate immune response appears to be the major contributor to the inflammation associated with anaemia since suppression of T cells with CsA had no observable effect. Several transcription factors regulating haematopoiesis, Tal1, Gata1, Zfpm1 and Klf1 were expressed at consistently lower levels in C57BL/6 mice suggesting that these mice have a lower haematopoietic capacity and therefore less ability to recover from haemolysis induced anaemia after infection.
Ecology of natural enemies and genetically engineered host plants (2007)

Plants play an important role in the interaction between phytophagous arthropods and the parasitoids, predators, and pathogens that attack them. They provide habitat for both phytophagous arthropods and their natural enemies, and they provide behavioral cues that are important in host/prey location by parasitoids and predators (Vet and Dicke, 1992). Plants also serve as the primary source of food for phytophagous species and, in the case of some parasitoids and predators, as a source of supplemental food. The nutritional quality and phytochemical content of this plant-supplied food is known to affect the vulnerability of phytophagous species to attack by parasitoids, predators, and pathogens, as well their suitability as hosts or prey following attack. The nutritional quality and phytochemical content of plant-supplied food can also affect parasitoids and predators that feed on plant tissues and plant products, such as pollen, nectar, and plant sap.
T-wave alternans detection using a Bayesian approach and a Gibbs sampler (2011)

The problem of detecting T-wave alternans (TWA) in ECG signals has received considerable attention in the biomedical community. This paper introduces a Bayesian model for the T waves contained in ECG signals. A block Gibbs sampler was recently studied to estimate the parameters of this Bayesian model (including wave locations, amplitudes and shapes). This paper shows that the samples generated by this Gibbs sampler can be used efficiently for TWA detection via different statistical tests constructed from odd and even T-wave amplitude samples. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on real ECG signals subjected to synthetic TWA and compared with two classical algorithms.
Evaluation of Different Hypervisors Performance in the Private Cloud with SIGAR Framework (2014)

To make cloud computing model Practical and to have essential characters like rapid elasticity, resource pooling, on demand access and measured service, two prominent technologies are required. One is internet and second important one is virtualization technology. Virtualization Technology plays major role in the success of cloud computing. A virtualization layer which provides an infrastructural support to multiple virtual machines above it by virtualizing hardware resources such as CPU, Memory, Disk and NIC is called a Hypervisor. It is interesting to study how different Hypervisors perform in the Private Cloud. Hypervisors do come in Paravirtualized, Full Virtualized and Hybrid flavors. It is novel idea to compare them in the private cloud environment. This paper conducts different performance tests on three hypervisors XenServer, ESXi and KVM and results are gathered using SIGAR API (System Information Gatherer and Reporter) along with Passmark benchmark suite. In the experiment, CloudStack 4.0.2 (open source cloud computing software) is used to create a private cloud, in which management server is installed on Ubuntu 12.04 – 64 bit operating system. Hypervisors XenServer 6.0, ESXi 4.1 and KVM (Ubuntu 12.04) are installed as hosts in the respective clusters and their performances have been evaluated in detail by using SIGAR Framework, Passmark and NetPerf.
Optical vortex based Mode Division Multiplexing over graded-index multimode fibre (2013)

Mode Division Multiplexing is performed over 2km and 8km of 50 m graded-index multimode fibre using (de)multiplex phase masks based around optical vortex modes to transmit 2×56Gbps QPSK signals without MIMO equalization.
Improvement of the cytocompatibility of electrospun poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐(R)‐3‐hydroxyvalerate] mats by Ecoflex (2012)

Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV) is a nature-derived polyester with potential application in tissue engineering scaffolds. However, PHBV is associated with disadvantages including high brittleness, slow degradation, high hydrophobicity, and unsatisfactory biocompatibility. In this study, we sought to improve the properties of PHBV by blending it with Ecoflex, a synthetic biopolyester with a high flexibility, fast degradation, and comparatively higher hydrophilicity. PHBV was codissolved with Ecoflex in dichloromethane at different mass ratios (PHBV/Ecoflex: 100/0, 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70) and electrospun into mats. Compared with the pure PHBV mat, the Ecoflex-containing mats showed decreased contact angles with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), accelerated weight loss in PBS, and increased strain at break with increasing Ecoflex mass ratios. In vitro cell culture also showed significantly improved adhesion and proliferation of human bone marrow stroma cells with the introduction of Ecoflex. Blending PHBV with Ecoflex is a simple and effective method to improve the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of PHBV simultaneously and thereby to expedite its application in tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the biocompatibility of Ecoflex-containing materials with human cells.
Experimental Verification of Screening Current-Induced Field Reduction Using a New HTS Coil Structure (2017)

We propose a new structure for layer-wound coil manufactured using a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire in the form of a tape to reduce the central magnetic field produced by screening currents induced on the broad surfaces of HTS tapes. Reducing this screening current-induced field is based on the abnormal transverse-field effect observed generally in the mixed state of Type-II superconductors. The structure proposed enables the inner bore of special coil required nuclear magnetic resonance systems to be used effectively. However, it cannot eliminate the screening current-induced fields completely because the innermost and outermost parts of the HTS winding are always exposed to magnetic fields weaker than the full penetration fields. We carry out a series of experiments to confirm the effectiveness of reducing the screening current-induced fields in a HTS coil fabricated with a commercially available coated conductor.
Fresh Aortic Homografts for Multiple Valve Replacement (1968)

PROSTHETIC valve replacement is associated with persistent late complications related to the mechanical nature of artificial valves. 1-3 These difficulties continue to stimulate the search for better valve substitutes. Fresh aortic valve homografts have been found to be the ideal replacement for use in the subcoronary position. 4 Conversely until very recently no homograft substitute was available for use in the mitral area. 5-7 Our results with Starr-Edwards replacement in multiple valve disease have been reported. 8 The hospital mortality in this series is within a reasonable range. Complications associated with the prolonged use of mechanical valves, however, continue to be significant. The three year morbidity and mortality at our instituion is 20% for mitral, 10% for aortic, and 25% for multiple valve replacement. Nearly all complications are related to thrombosis, embolism, or hemorrhage from anticoagulation. Adaptation of the fresh aortic homograft for use in all intracardiac positions would alleviate