gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Depth Completion with Calibrated Backprojection Layers (2021)

We propose a deep neural network architecture to infer dense depth from an image and a sparse point cloud. It is trained using a video stream and corresponding synchronized sparse point cloud, as obtained from a LIDAR or other range sensor, along with the intrinsic calibration parameters of the camera. At inference time, the calibration of the camera, which can be different than the one used for training, is fed as an input to the network along with the sparse point cloud and a single image. A Calibrated Backprojection Layer backprojects each pixel in the image to three-dimensional space using the calibration matrix and a depth feature descriptor. The resulting 3D positional encoding is concatenated with the image descriptor and the previous layer output to yield the input to the next layer of the encoder. A decoder, exploiting skip-connections, produces a dense depth map. The resulting Calibrated Backprojection Network, or KBNet, is trained without supervision by minimizing the photometric reprojection error. KBNet imputes missing depth value based on the training set, rather than on generic regularization. We test KBNet on public depth completion benchmarks, where it outperforms the state of the art by 30% indoor and 8% outdoor when the same camera is used for training and testing. When the test camera is different, the improvement reaches 62%.
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs is established in unvaccinated children who seroconvert after infection (2022)

As the establishment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory in children remains largely unexplored, we recruited convalescent COVID-19 children and adults to define their circulating memory SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells prior to vaccination. We analyzed epitope-specific T cells directly ex vivo using seven HLA class I and class II tetramers presenting SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, together with Spike-specific B cells. Unvaccinated children who seroconverted had comparable Spike-specific but lower ORF1a- and N-specific memory T cell responses compared with adults. This agreed with our TCR sequencing data showing reduced clonal expansion in children. A strong stem cell memory phenotype and common T cell receptor motifs were detected within tetramer-specific T cells in seroconverted children. Conversely, children who did not seroconvert had tetramer-specific T cells of predominantly naive phenotypes and diverse TCRαβ repertoires. Our study demonstrates the generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory with common TCRαβ motifs in unvaccinated seroconverted children after their first virus encounter.
Synthesis of mullite fibre from an aluminosiloxane precursor (1994)

Mullite fibre was successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of aluminosiloxane formed from ethyl 3-oxobutanoatodi-isopropoxyaluminium and di-(sec-butoxy)aluminoxytriethoxysilane. Aluminosiloxane increased in viscosity with increasing coordination number of aluminium, which was analysed by 27Al NMR spectroscopy. The viscosity of aluminosiloxane was controlled by the amount of added glacial acetic acid as well as the working temperature for the spinning of precursor fibre. Aluminosiloxane gave amorphous SiO2–Al2O3 at 500 °C, which began to crystallize to mullite at 930 °C. Single-phase mullite was produced on heating to 1000 °C for 1 h. The polymer fibre spun from aluminosiloxane was pyrolysed yielding crack-free mullite fibre at 1000 °C for 1 h.
Contribution of two different mechanisms to erythromycin resistance in Escherichia coli (1986)

Escherichia coli BM2570 was resistant to high levels of erythromycin by two different mechanisms. The two genes conferring resistance to erythromycin in BM2570 were carried by a 150-kilobase self-transferable plasmid, pIP1527, and were cloned separately in E. coli. A single polypeptide with an Mr of 27,000 was encoded by the gene erxA and conferred high-level resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type antibiotics by a mechanism other than drug inactivation. This resistance phenotype, not previously reported for a clinical isolate of enterobacteria, was probably due to modification of the ribosomes. The gene ereB encoded an enzyme with an Mr of 51,000 which inactivated erythromycin and oleandomycin. The two different mechanisms specified by erxA and ereB contributed in more than an additive fashion to the high level of resistance to erythromycin conferred by plasmid pIP1527 to E. coli BM2570.
Diagnostic of High-temperature Flows Using Ultrasensitive Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy (2016)

International audience
Perceptually-supported image editing of text and graphics (2003)

This paper presents a novel image editing program emphasizing easy selection and manipulation of material found in informal, casual documents such as sketches, handwritten notes, whiteboard images, screen snapshots, and scanned documents. The program, called ScanScribe, offers four significant advances. First, it presents a new, intuitive model for maintaining image objects and groups, along with underlying logic for updating these in the course of an editing session. Second, ScanScribe takes advantage of newly developed image processing algorithms to separate foreground markings from a white or light background, and thus can automatically render the background transparent so that image material can be rearranged without occlusion by background pixels. Third, ScanScribe introduces new interface techniques for selecting image objects with a pointing device without resorting to a palette of tool modes. Fourth, ScanScribe presents a platform for exploiting image analysis and recognition methods to make perceptually significant structure readily available to the user. As a research prototype, ScanScribe has proven useful in the work of members of our laboratory, and has been released on a limited basis for user testing and evaluation.
A role for natural simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef alleles in lymphocyte activation (1997)

A T-lymphoid cell line termed 221 was derived from a rhesus monkey infected with herpesvirus saimiri. Growth of 221 cells was dependent on the addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the culture medium. In the absence of IL-2, 221 cells arrested in G0-G1 but did not die. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replicated efficiently in IL-2-stimulated 221 cells whether or not the nef gene was present. In the absence of IL-2, nef-containing SIV replicated 8 to 100 times more efficiently in 221 cells than did the same virus lacking nef. nef-containing virus preferentially stimulated the production of IL-2 from 221 cells. HIV-1 nef and v-ras genes, but not the c-ras gene, were shown to substitute functionally for SIV nef when tested as recombinant viruses in this assay system. These results demonstrate a role for natural nef in causing lymphoid cell activation, and they provide a system for delineating the biochemical mechanisms responsible for this activation.
Improving Conduct and Feasibility of Clinical Trials to Evaluate Antibacterial Drugs to Treat Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: Recommendations of the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative Antibacterial Drug Development Project Team (2016)

Streamlining HABP/VABP trials by addressing key protocol elements can improve trial startup and patient recruitment/retention, reduce trial complexity and costs, and ensure patient safety while advancing antibacterial drug development.
Functional changes in neural mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders (2022)

Introduction: World Trade Center (WTC) responders have high prevalence (23%) of persistent, clinically significant WTC-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrate anatomical differences between WTC responders with and without PTSD. We used resting state functional (rs-fMRI) to investigate neural mechanisms underlying WTC-PTSD and identify changes in local brain areas associated with WTC exposure. Methods: Using graph theory analysis of rs-fMRI data, we calculated eigenvector centrality (EC) to measure connectivity in 111 brain areas in WTC responders with PTSD (WTC-PTSD, n = 45) and matched responders without PTSD (non-PTSD, n = 51). Permutation statistics quantified EC differences; partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) modeled the divergence in EC values between groups. Associations between WTC-exposure duration (months on site) and EC in identified brain areas were examined using general linear model (GLM) regression, adjusting for medication usage and comorbid depression. Generalized weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to examine associations between an index of PTSD symptoms and EC values. Results: PLS-DA analysis of EC values enabled effective discrimination (auc: 0.749 (0.651-0.847)) of WTC-PTSD from non-PTSD; EC in nine brain regions (right/left anterior inferior temporal gyrus, right superior parietal lobule, right anterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), right anterior/posterior temporal fusiform cortex, right caudate nucleus, left amygdala (AMG) and brainstem) differed significantly and contributed the most to differentiate functional neuro-profiles between groups. The association between exposure duration and EC differed significantly between WTC-PTSD and non-PTSD in PHG and AMG (p= 0.010, 0.005, respectively). Within WTC-PTSD, the index of PTSD symptoms was positively associated with EC values in PHG and brainstem. Conclusions: Our results confirm hypotheses about key brain areas associated with PTSD and extend our understanding of neural mechanisms linking WTC exposure with PTSD. Better understanding of neural mechanisms leading to WTC-PTSD would help guide intervention and treatment.
A NOVEL POLYCARBONATE-URETHANE MENISCUS IMPLANT FOR THE TREATMENT OF MIDDLE-AGED PATIENTS: FIRST EXPERIENCE FROM 30 PATIENTS IN ISRAEL (2016)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term clinical and MRI outcome of a polycarbonate-urethane meniscus implant for the treatment of medial compartment pain in middle aged patients. In the younger population, ( The meniscus implant is a non-degradable polymer-based spacer which is inserted into the medial compartment of the knee between the tibia and femur by a mini-arthrotomy, without requiring attachment or bone resection. It was hypothesized that the implant could relieve pain by restoring the pressure distribution function. This paper presents the first experience of 3 Israeli sites (out of 7 sites participating in the study). Thirty patients aged 36 to 70 years were treated with the implant after signing an informed consent and meeting the criteria defined in the Ethics Committee approved protocol. All of the patients reported medial knee pain which was associated with either a severely degenerated meniscus (∼25%) or post-meniscectomy knee pain (∼75%). Patients with evidence of grade IV medial articular cartilage loss or instability were excluded from the study. Primary clinical outcome was measured by the KOOS scale over 12 months, with secondary outcomes measured by IKDC subjective, EQ-5D and VAS questionnaires for pain. Serial MRI scans were taken at 6 weeks and 12 months of follow-up to evaluate the condition of the articular cartilage. The patients included in this study showed a considerable clinical improvement after the procedure. Significant pain relief was indicated by both KOOS pain subscale and VAS scores after 6 months follow up, and patient activity levels were also found to be higher following implantation. The first MRI findings from this study were considered to be promising since no signs of deterioration of the surrounding cartilage or of the device were observed. So far, one case of implant dislocation and two cases of infection have occurred among the 35 patients. This study was designed to evaluate and obtain reasonable assurance of the safety, effectiveness, and risk/benfit ratio of a novel implant in the treatment of a challenging patient cohort. The short-term outcomes are promising.
Mild and Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Monoarylation of Ammonia Enabled by the Use of Bulky Biarylphosphine Ligands and Palladacycle Precatalysts (2013)

A method for the Pd-catalyzed arylation of ammonia with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl halides, including challenging five-membered heterocyclic substrates, is described. Excellent selectivity for monoarylation of ammonia to primary arylamines was achieved under mild conditions or at rt by the use of bulky biarylphosphine ligands (L6, L7, and L4) as well as their corresponding aminobiphenyl palladacycle precatalysts (3a, 3b, and 3c). As this process requires neither the use of a glovebox nor high pressures of ammonia, it should be widely applicable.
New Methods for the Identification of Efflux Mediated MDR Bacteria, Genetic Assessment of Regulators and Efflux Pump Constituents, Characterization of Efflux Systems and Screening for Inhibitors of Efflux Pumps (2008)

We have developed a number of methods that identify efflux pump mediated multi-drug resistant bacteria, characterize efflux systems and screen for inhibitors of efflux pumps. These approaches were complemented by the quantification of the expression of genes that regulate and code for constituents of efflux pumps. The methods described are easy to use, reproducible and for the most part, require instrumentation normally present in a clinical bacteriology laboratory. Because each method provides good reproducibility, they lend themselves for inter-laboratory use.
Hydroalkylation of benzene and ethylbenzene over metal-containing zeolite catalysts (2009)

The hydroalkylation reaction of benzene and ethylbenzene over BEA zeolites with a Si/Al ratio of 9–190, MOR with Si/Al = 48, and MFI with Si/Al = 25 containing ruthenium, rhodium, platinum, or palladium was studied, as well as over the Ru/BEA zeolites with Si/Al = 42 doped with a second metal: nickel, cobalt, or rhodium. The catalytic experiments were conducted under flow conditions in the temperature range 130–190°C, a pressure of 1 MPa, a feed weight hourly space velocity of 2–64 h−1, and a stoichiometric reactant ratio. It was shown that the main reaction routes are the complete hydrogenation of benzene and ethylbenzene yielding cyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane, respectively; hydroalkylation yielding cyclohexylbenzene, para- and meta-ethylcyclohexylbenzenes, and diethylcyclohexylbenzenes; and alkylation resulting in dicyclohexylbenzenes and ethyldicyclohexylbenzenes. The ruthenium-promoted (1 wt %) zeolite BEA with Si/Al = 42 displayed the highest activity and selectivity in the benzene and ethylbenzene hydroalkylation reactions. Doping of the catalyst with cobalt and rhodium did not improve its catalytic properties, presumably, owing to the fact that the dopant metals largely occur in the cationic form according to the IR data for adsorbed CO. An admixture of nickel (0.5 wt %) to the catalyst increases the catalyst operation stability without reducing the yield of ethylcy-clohexy lbenzenes.
Molecular recognition of butylamines by a binaphthyl-derived chromogenic calix[4]crown (1995)

Y. Kubo, S. Maruyama, N. Ohhara, M. Nakamura and S. Tokita, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1727 DOI: 10.1039/C39950001727
Ultra compact optical subassembly using integrated laser diode and silicon microlens for low-cost optical component (2004)

We have succeeded in developing an ultra compact optical subassembly (OSA) that consists of a pre-aligned Si microlens and a laser diode (LD) integrated on a Si V-groove substrate with a footprint less than 1 mm by 1 mm. This OSA is small enough to be mounted on a TO-CAN package such as TO38, making the resulting optical component ultra compact in size and reducing the packaging process cost. A coupling efficiency better than -2.6 dB between the OSA and a single-mode fiber (SMF) has been experimentally confirmed. The experimental results show the OSA's applicability to metro networks, making the OSA a promising candidate for low-cost and high-performance optical components.
Effect of Geometrical Modulation on pMTJ Magnetization Reversal (2017)

Spin-transfer torque-magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is one of the most prominent spintronic devices for replacing conventional electronic memory devices due to its extraordinary performance as it delivers fast operational speed, non-volatility, and a high-memory density. At advanced technology nodes, manufacturing process would invariably lead to bit on bit variation of STT-MRAM cell at wafer level. Here, we show that in a perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), the in-plane demagnetizing tensor greatly influences the magnetization switching process of the free layer (FL). The geometrical asymmetricity was introduced to induce a varying in-plane demagnetizing field. This impacts the stability of the MTJ and requires a larger anisotropy to sustain an out-of-plane magnetization state. Interestingly, a faster switching of the FL comprising the MTJ is observed. This resultant rapid switching is ascribed to the nucleation of a reversal embryo at the defect.
Presence of horse blood group antigens in the major glycoprotein fraction of the erythrocyte membrane (1978)

The aqueous phase of the chloroform/methanol extract of the horse erythrocyte membrane contained the blood group activities Ad, Dc or Dd. The factors Ad and Dc could be separated by gel filtration.
2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐5,6‐dicarboxylicimide based semicrystalline polymers for photovoltaic cells (2016)

ABSTRACT Two semicrystalline low band gap polymers based on highly electron‐deficient 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐5,6‐dicarboxylicimide (BTI) were synthesized by considering the chain planarity via intrachain noncovalent coulombic interactions. The thiophene‐BTI and thienothiophene‐BTI based PPDTBTI and PPDTTBTI have a low band gap (∼1.5 eV) via strong intramolecular charge transfer interaction, showing a broad light absorption covering 300∼850 nm. Semicrystalline film morphology was observed for both polymers in the grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering measurements. Interestingly, PPDTBTI showed a pronounced edge on packing structure but PPDTTBTI showed predominantly a face on orientation in both pristine and blend films. Different packing patterns influenced significantly the charge carrier transport, recombination and resulting photovoltaic characteristics. The best power conversion efficiency was measured to be 5.47% for PPDTBTI and 6.78% for PPDTTBTI, by blending with the fullerene derivative, PC 71 BM. Compared to the PPDTBTI blend, PPDTTBTI: PC 71 BM suffered from the lower open‐circuit voltage but showed the substantially higher hole mobility and short‐circuit current density with smaller charge recombination, showing very good agreements with molecular structures and morphological characteristics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 3826–3834
Development of High Power Broadband Transmitter Modules for an L-Band Solid-State Radar Transmitter (1993)

The paper describes the development and evaluation of broadband solid-state transmitter modules in L-band, to be used as basic power amplifier modules in a solid-state single-output radar transmiter. The module has been designed for an overall gain of 17 dB with a peak power output of 2 kW(min) covering 200 MHz bandwidth in L-band and has been evaluated for pulses upto 15 microsecond with a 2 percent duty factor, operating with a 30 percent efficiency. The power module is configured using eleven output devices and a pair of novel low loss serial feed type miniature power divider/combiner. Integrated networks for phase trimming, performance monitoring and various interlocks are all incorporated in the module itself. Two of the modules developed have exhibited phase matching of ±7.5* without any phase trimming being incorporated. A 10 kW radar transmitter can be configured by combining these modules in a high power six way in-phase combiner. Higher power levels can be achieved by adding more ports to the combiner.
Hex-dominant mesh generation with directionality control via packing rectangular solid cells (2003)

A new computational method that creates a hex-dominant mesh of an arbitrary 3D geometric domain is presented. The proposed method generates a high-quality hex-dominant mesh by: (1) controlling the directionality of the output hex-dominant mesh; and (2) avoiding ill-shaped elements induced by nodes located too closely to each other. The proposed method takes a 3D geometric domain as input and creates a hex-dominant mesh that consists of mostly hexahedral elements with additional prism elements and tetrahedral elements. The proposed method packs rectangular solid cells on the boundary of and inside the input domain to obtain ideal node locations for a hex-dominant mesh. Each cell has a potential energy field that mimics a body centered cubic (BCC) structure, and the cells are moved to stable positions by a physically-based simulation. The simulation mimics the formation of a crystal pattern so that the centers of the cells give ideal node locations for a hex-dominant mesh. The domain is then meshed into a tetrahedral mesh by the advancing front method, and finally the tetrahedral mesh is converted to a hex-dominant mesh by merging some tetrahedrons.
Analysis of ex vivo HIV-1 infection in a controller-discordant couple (2018)

Elite controllers (EC) are a rare group of individuals living with HIV-1 who naturally control HIV-1 replication to levels below the limit of detection without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and rarely progress to AIDS. The mechanisms contributing to this control remain incompletely elucidated. In the present study, we have assessed whether cellular host factors could modulate HIV-1 replication post-entry in a controller-discordant couple living with HIV-1.CD4 T cells from a controller-discordant couple, one partner being an EC and the other an HIV-1 progressor (PR), and healthy controls (HC) were isolated, activated and infected with VSV-G pseudotyped yellow fluorescent protein-encoding single-round HIV-1 virus (HIV-YFP). Viral reverse transcripts, 2-LTR circles and integrated proviral HIV-1 DNA were monitored by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and integration sites were analysed. We further measured LEDGF/p75 and p21 mRNA expression levels by qPCR.Infection of activated CD4 T cells with HIV-YFP was reduced in EC compared with the PR partner, and HC. Evaluation of viral DNA forms suggested a block after entry and during the early steps of HIV-1 reverse transcription in EC. The integration site distribution pattern in EC, PR and HC was similar. The p21 expression in CD4 T cells of EC was elevated compared with the PR or HC, in line with previous work.Our study suggests a reduced permissiveness to HIV-1 infection of CD4 T cells from EC due to a block of HIV-1 replication after entry and before integration that might contribute to the EC phenotype in our patient.
A Case of Severe Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) Poisoning Treated by Hemodialysis (2011)

락스는 차아염소산나트륨이 주요 성분이며 락스의 중독 시에는 소화기계나 호흡기계통의 합병증이 흔하게 발생하지만 가정용 락스는 알칼리 정도와 그 농도가 낮아서 대부분 장기적인 합병증은 발생하지 않으며 예후도 좋은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 과량의 락스를 음독한 경우 고나트륨혈증과 고염소혈증을 동반한 심각한 대사성 산증이 발생할 수 있다. 또한 본 증례에서는 락스를 음독한 후, 초기에는 비교적 대사성 산증의 정도가 심하지 않았으나 시간이 지날수록 심각하게 악화되는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 1L 정도의 과량의 락스를 음독한 경우 심각한 대사성 산증의 발생에 대비한 주의 깊은 관찰이 필요하겠으며, 대사성 산증의 발생시 조기에 혈액투석을 시행하는 것이 환자의 예후를 호전시키는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.