gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A procedure for the estimation of intrabeam hazard distances and optical density requirements under the ANSI Z136.1-2000 Standard (2004)

Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has been conducted [American National Standards Institute, Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (American National Standards Institute, New York, 2000)]. Important parts of many laser safety evaluations are the determination of the maximum distance at which the laser presents a hazard and the computation of optical density requirements for eye protection. In the ANSI Z136.1-2000 Standard, two approaches for the computation of hazard distance are presented. We specifically address the derivation of these two methodologies including the effects of atmospheric attenuation and optically aided viewing. In addition, these methodologies may be applied to the computation of visual interference distance as described in the ANSI Z136.6-2000 Standard [American National Standards Institute, Z136.6-2000 American National Standard for Use of Lasers Outdoors (American National Standards Institute, New York, 2000)]. This publication represents the third in a series of tutorial articles designed to clarify laser hazard analysis procedures under these ANSI Standards [R. J. Thomas, B. A. Rockwell, W. J. Marshall, R. C. Aldrich, S. A. Zimmerman, and R. J. Rockwell, Jr., J. Laser Appl. 13, 134–140 (2001); 14, 57–66 (2002)].
Gene induction by desiccation stress in human cell cultures (2005)

One strategy for investigating desiccation tolerance is to use mammalian cells, which are sensitive to desiccation, as a model for testing putative adaptive mechanisms. However, how mammalian cells themselves respond to desiccation is poorly characterised. Although MAPK signal transduction pathways are activated by desiccation of human cells, hypertonicity-responsive genes AR, BGT1 and SMIT are not significantly induced, although they are proposed to be regulated by physiological changes which should occur during drying. To determine whether a response to desiccation occurs at the transcriptional level in human cells, we performed genome-wide microarray analysis. Twenty upregulated genes, including early stress response and transcription factor genes, were identified, most of which, e.g., EGR1, EGR3, SNAI1, RASD1 and GADD45B, were also induced by hypertonicity, indicating common regulatory mechanisms. Our data suggest that human cells can initiate a complex desiccation stress response distinct from, but overlapping with, that to hypertonic stress.
Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases - benchmark and ensemble crop and grassland model estimates (2016)

The Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling Cross-cutting Group (Soil CN group) of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse gases (GRA) promotes a coordinated activity across multiple international projects (e.g. CN MIP and Models4Pastures of the FACCE-JPI https://www.faccejpi.com) to benchmark and compare simulation models that simulate GHG emissions from arable crop and grassland systems. Ten long-term experimental sites are studied covering a variety of climatic and geographic conditions worldwide (Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, India, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States). Twenty-four process-based models of different complexity have contributed to the modelling exercise in different stages, each with access to gradually more detailed data to run and evaluate models of a multi-stage protocol. We present a comparison of model estimates of production (e.g. grain yield, gross primary production, above-ground net primary production, grassland grazing or defoliation) and vegetation (e.g. leaf area index) outputs, as well as GHG emissions (e.g. ecosystem respiration, nitrous oxide, enteric methane) from individual models to the multi-model ensemble. We found substantial discrepancies across different models, indicating considerable uncertainties regarding the simulation of crop and grassland processes. We show that uncertainties are considerably reduced after calibration with detailed production and phenology data. The multi-model approach also allowed for improved performance, according to relative root mean square error and relative bias performance metrics. Calibrated models provide a reliable basis for testing mitigation options at the studied sites.
A Reconfigurable Processing Unit for Digital Circuit Testing using Built-In Self-Test Techniques (2006)

This paper introduces a novel architecture that is targeted for digital circuit testing application by means of built-in self-test techniques. These applications consist of static configurable hardware designs that will execute the testing of the digital circuit in hardware, where previous literature has established it's testing in software consequently introducing a hardware accelerator. In this paper we show the novel architecture to digital circuit testing in hardware on a reconfigurable processing unit for compile-time reconfiguration
Supplementary Figure 3 from Epigenetic Inactivation of a Cluster of Genes Flanking <i>MLH1</i> in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Epigenetic Inactivation of a Cluster of Genes Flanking &lt;i&gt;MLH1&lt;/i&gt; in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer
Organic TFT controlled organic field emitter (2004)

In this paper, it will present a strategy for reducing the cost of a field emission display. Cost reduction strategies in the past have been driven by the idea that a passive matrix display technology, no matter how complex, will be less expensive than an active matrix technology. Experience has shown that this is not the case. Active matrix liquid crystal displays dominate the flat panel display market, primarily due to their price advantage over other flat panel strategies.
Alexandrium tamarense blooms and shellfish toxicity along Tasmania's eastern coast (2013)

In October 2012, paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) contamination was detected along the east coast of Tasmania resulting in closure of 350klm of coastline to harvest of mussels, oysters, scallops, wild lobster and abalone. Closures persisted for up to six months resulting in an estimated economic loss of over $23M. Collaborative effort by regulators and researchers established the causative organism as &lt;i&gt;Alexandrium tamarense&lt;/i&gt;, a species that is widespread across south-eastern Australia but never previously linked to shellfish toxicity in Australia. Bloom populations and toxicity emerged again in August 2013 resulting in widespread harvest closures, contamination of benthic fisheries and detection of PST toxicity in scallops as far north as Flinders Island. Studies of cultures from both 2012 and 2013 confirmed &lt;i&gt;A. tamarense&lt;/i&gt; Group 1 as a major source of PST, producing a PST profile dominated by Cl/2 and GTXl/4, low proportions of NEO, C3/4, and traces of GTX2/3 and dcGTX2/3, but considerable (3-10 fold) variation in STX content and toxicity (STX eq./cell). However, DNA sequences matching &lt;i&gt;A. catenella&lt;/i&gt; Type 4, were also recovered from both seawater and shellfish, indicating blooms contained multiple genotypes of differing toxicity. The scale and evident spatial/genetic variation presents a highly complex monitoring challenge for both regulators and researchers.
Release of Fumigant Residues from Grain by Microwave Irradiation (1998)

Multiresidue analysis of fumigants is important because of their widespread use on staple foodstuffs, such as grain. Fumigants are usually extracted from grain either by solvent extraction or by purge-and-trap techniques. In this paper, fumigant residues in wheat were "extracted" by a microwave procedure. Wheat, in gas-tight Erlenmeyer flasks, was placed in a domestic microwave oven, and fumigants were released into the headspace by microwave irradiation. Power settings for maximum release of fumigants were determined for CH3Br, PH3, CS2, and COS. Recoveries of fortified samples were > 90%. Completeness of extraction was assessed from the amount of fumigant retained by the microwave-irradiated wheat. This amount, determined from both solvent extraction and from further microwave irradiation, was always small (< 5% of the amount obtained from the initial procedure). Limits of quantitation were < 1 ng/g for CH3Br, PH3, and CS2. These low limits were essentially due to the absence of interference from solvents. The microwave method is rapid and solvent-free. However, care is required in selecting the appropriate power setting. The safety implications of heating sealed flasks in microwave ovens should be noted.
CERTH/CEA LIST at MediaEval Placing Task 2015. (2015)

Conference of Multimedia Benchmark Workshop, MediaEval 2015 ; Conference Date: 14 September 2015 Through 15 September 2015; Conference Code:123804
Location-oriented multimedia (1997)

Location-oriented multimedia describes the integration of location-awareness technology and mobile multimedia applications. Application mobility is targeted at users rather than hosts. Since much complex execution and user interface state is set up in the course of application sessions, it is useful to be able to retain this transparently after moving an application. Distributed multimedia complicates this problem since many users can be involved, each with distributed media sources and sinks connected to one another. These communication channels must be reestablished after movement. The authors first present a flexible framework, the components of which provide the building blocks for a wide range of location-oriented application support architectures. The issues of location awareness, use of mobile agents, mobile multimedia endpoints, mobile object location, and communication systems are addressed. Second, the authors present a specific architecture that integrates these components to support location-oriented multimedia. In this architecture, mobile agents are used as controllers of multimedia sessions. The mobile agent system has been made location-aware so that applications can move to user locations and even follow users. Mobile multimedia endpoints support the reestablishment of distributed multimedia streams after movement.
MEMS compatible micro-GRIN lenses for in plane beam manipulation (2006)

The design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of micro-GRIN lenses with a diameter of 125 mum is presented. GRIN rods having the same diameter as optical fibers can be passively aligned using U-grooves and microfabricated springs
A review of block copolymer‐based biomaterials that control protein and cell interactions (2013)

Block copolymers posses the ability to phase separate into micro and nanoscale patterns resulting in nonhomogeneous surfaces and solids. This nonhomogeneity has been harnessed to improve mechanical properties, control degradation, and add functionality to biomaterials. The ability of block copolymers to generate a wide variety of surface chemistries and morphologies can also be harnessed to control protein adsorption, protein conformation, and cell adhesion. Proteins and cells will respond to periodically structured surfaces, so block copolymers have a great deal of potential as biomaterials. This review will explore the ability of block copolymers to control specific biological responses such as cell adhesion, protein adsorption and conformation, parameters that govern the overall host response to a material. In addition, some of the specific applications of block copolymer, antithrombogenic materials and their ability to pattern proteins, will be discussed.
Olefin Reduction of FCC Naphtha Using β-zeolite Catalyst in the Absence of Hydrogen (2008)

Abstract In order to fulfill the requirement of environmental protection, experimentation of reducing FCC gasoline olefin content and optimization of the process operating conditions were studied in a small fixed vector. Under the action of a macroporous molecular sieve catalyst, which consists of active composition of Ni and Mo metal in β-zeolite supporter, when the reaction temperature was 140°C, reaction pressure was 2.0 MPa, and space velocity was 1.0 h−1–2.0 h−1, aromatization reactions, isomerization reactions, and hydrogen transfer reactions happened, so that the olefin, benzene, and arene in product gasoline were no more than 35%, 2.5%, and 40%, respectively. The octane number of petroleum is slightly increased. And it overcomes the disadvantage of losing octane by hydrogenation process. The catalyst could be regenerated using a multi-cycle with an average running cycle of about 96 hr. The results show that the process reaction condition is relaxation, process is non-hydrogenation, process flow is simple, technical and economic target is advanced, benefit is high, and cost is low.
Open System Alteration At Gale Crater, Using Chemcam, Onboard The Curiosity Rover (2019)

International audience
Experimental assessment of VDC provisioning in SDN/OpenStack-based DC infrastructures with optical DCN (2016)

VDC provisioning requires the coordinated configuration of several types of resources. We present a DC architecture for the orchestration and provisioning of VDC instances on top of DCs with optical DCN and experimentally validate the proposed architecture.
Comparison of two antioxidants for poly(etherurethane urea) in an acceleratedin vitro biodegradation system (1997)

Vitamin E (+/-alpha-tocopherol) was recently investigated as an antioxidant for implanted poly(etherurethane urea) (PEUU) elastomers. In that work, vitamin E prevented chemical degradation of biaxially strained PEUU up to 5 weeks implantation, and prevented pitting and cracking of the PEUU surface for the duration of the 10-week cage implant study. The promising results of the in vivo studies motivated a detailed comparison of vitamin E with Santowhite, the standard antioxidant used in PEUU elastomers. To evaluate vitamin E and Santowhite as antioxidants in PEUU, an accelerated in vitro treatment system was used that mimics the in vivo degradation of PEUUs. Vitamin E was even more effective than Santowhite in preventing pitting and cracking to the biaxially strained PEUU elastomers. The inhibition of ether oxidation was greater with vitamin E than with Santowhite when compared by equivalent concentrations and molar concentrations, respectively. It is hypothesized that the increased effectiveness of vitamin E in this system, compared to Santowhite, is due to differences in antioxidant mechanism(s). Vitamin E is more efficient in preventing PEUU oxidation than Santowhite because its phenoxy radical is more stable and it can terminate more than one chain per vitamin E molecule.
Studies on the suitability of the albino rat for testing anthelmintic activity againstFasciola hepatica (1967)

(1967). Studies on the suitability of the albino rat for testing anthelmintic activity against Fasciola hepatica. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 104-111.
Optimized reticle alignment structures for minimizing aberration sensitivities and pattern shifts (2010)

With the continued shrinks in production structures to 38 nm and below for hyper-NA lithographic tools, there is an opportunity to further optimize these reticle alignment structures to reduce overlay numbers and improve yield. This opportunity is especially relevant for Dual Patterning applications where pattern shifts under different imaging conditions become critical. In this paper, we will present a proposal for improved reticle alignment structures to minimize the sensitivities for lens aberrations and thereby to minimize the contribution of reticle alignment to pattern shifts. Some alternatives will also be addressed. Full compatibility of the proposed alignment structures with older machines as well as continued compatibility of older reticles on the new lithographic tools will be discussed.
Reduction of Organic Halides with Diethyl Phosphonate and Triethylamine (1983)

Abstract Reduction of organic halides [gem-bromochlorocyclopropanes, 1,1,1-trichloromethane derivatives, 1,1-dibromo-2-benzyloxyethylene, methyl α-bromocinnamate, α,p-dibromoacetophenone, and (1,2-dibromoethyl)benzene] with diethyl phosphonate and triethylamine is surveyed.
Validation of risk factors for recurrence of renal cell carcinoma: Results from a large single-institution series (2019)

We validated high pathological T-stage and nuclear grade as independent risk factors for RCC recurrence following nephrectomy. DM is associated with an increased risk of recurrence among patients with early stage disease.
Positive and Negative Chronotropic Response of the S-A Node to Oxyfedrine (1975)

Direct perfusion of the sinus node artery under a constant pressure of 100 mmHg was carried out in vagotomized dogs. "Selective" injection of L-3-methoxy-omega-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylisopropylamino) propiophenone hydrochloride (oxyfedrine) into the sinus node artery induced three types of chronotropic response; a pronounced sinus tachycardia, an initial bradycardia followed by sustained tachycarcia, or a definite sinus bradcardia alone. The paradoxical sinus bradycardia induced by oxyfedrine was more pronounced at higher doses of the compound, whereas it was nver produced by the injection of isoproterenol. The oxyfedrine-induced sinus tachycardia, which occurred even in reserpinized preparations, was not suppressed by the treatment with tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium or bretylium, but it was selectively inhibited by propranolol. Atropine, tetrodotoxin or hexamethonium did not prevent the occurrence of sinus bradycardia induced by oxyfedrine, and physostigmine failed to enhance the response. The present study indicates that the oxyfedrine-induced tachycardia is mediated mainly by a direct stimulating action on adrenergic beta-receptors, while the bradycardia appears to be induced by a direct depressant action on the S-A node.
The Pyrin Inflammasome in Health and Disease (2019)

The pyrin inflammasome has evolved as an innate immune sensor to detect bacterial toxin-induced Rho guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase)-inactivation, a process that is similar to the "guard" mechanism in plants. Rho GTPases act as molecular switches to regulate a variety of signal transduction pathways including cytoskeletal organization. Pathogens can modulate Rho GTPase activity to suppress host immune responses such as phagocytosis. Pyrin is encoded by <i>MEFV</i>, the gene that is mutated in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). FMF is the prototypic autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurring short episodes of systemic inflammation and is a common disorder in many populations in the Mediterranean basin. Pyrin specifically senses modifications in the activity of the small GTPase RhoA, which binds to many effector proteins including the serine/threonine-protein kinases PKN1 and PKN2 and actin-binding proteins. RhoA activation leads to PKN-mediated phosphorylation-dependent pyrin inhibition. Conversely, pathogen virulence factors downregulate RhoA activity in a variety of ways, and these changes are detected by the pyrin inflammasome irrespective of the type of modifications. <i>MEFV</i> pathogenic variants favor the active state of pyrin and elicit proinflammatory cytokine release and pyroptosis. They can be inherited either as a dominant or recessive trait depending on the variant's location and effect on the protein function. Mutations in the C-terminal B30.2 domain are usually considered recessive, although heterozygotes may manifest a biochemical or even a clinical phenotype. These variants are hypomorphic in regard to their effect on intramolecular interactions, but ultimately accentuate pyrin activity. Heterozygous mutations in other domains of pyrin affect residues critical for inhibition or protein oligomerization, and lead to constitutively active inflammasome. In healthy carriers of FMF mutations who have the subclinical inflammatory phenotype, the increased activity of pyrin might have been protective against endemic infections over human history. This finding is supported by the observation of high carrier frequencies of FMF-mutations in multiple populations. The pyrin inflammasome also plays a role in mediating inflammation in other autoinflammatory diseases linked to dysregulation in the actin polymerization pathway. Therefore, the assembly of the pyrin inflammasome is initiated in response to fluctuations in cytoplasmic homeostasis and perturbations in cytoskeletal dynamics.
Rubella Vaccination and Thrombocytopenia†† (1974)

Summary: Mild thrombocytopenia occurred significantly more often in a group of young women who received live attenuated rubella virus vaccine than in their matched controls. All responded serologically to the vaccine, but the thrombocytopenia commenced before circulating rubella antibodies could be detected, suggesting an infective rather than an immunologic mechanism. Thrombocytopenia has been associated with other viral infections; it appears to be also a feature of rubella vaccination. It is interesting to speculate on its incidence in the children and adolescents at present being vaccinated.
Synthesis of pyridazinyl ligands for multimetallic complexes (2006)

A family of ligands based upon the linking of two or three bis-(2-pyridyl)pyridazine (dppz) moieties via the 4- or 4,5-positions of the pyridazine rings has been synthesised using an inverse electron demand Diels–Alder pathway. Thus, reaction of 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (dptz) with a series of dienes (1,4-divinylbenzene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, 1,5-hexadiene or 1,4-cyclohexadiene), diketones (1,4-diacetylbenzene), or trienes (trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene or trans,trans,trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene) has been studied and seven ligands isolated, namely 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3,6-dipyridin-2-ylpyridazine) (L1), 5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-1,4,7,10-tetrapyridin-2-ylcycloocta[1,2-d:5,6-d′]dipyridazine (L2), 5,10-methano-1,4,6,9-tetrapyridin-2-ylpyridazino[4,5-g]phthalazine (L3), 4,4′-ethane-1,2-diylbis(3,6-dipyridin-2-ylpyridazine) (L4), 1,4,6,9-tetrapyridin-2-ylpyridazino[4,5-g]phthalazine (L5), cyclododeca[1,2-d:5,6-d′]dipyridazine-(11Z)-5,6,11,12,15,16-hexahydro-1,4,7,10-tetrapyridin-2-yl (L6) and 5,6,11,12,17,18-hexahydro-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexapyridin-2-ylcyclododeca[1,2-d:5,6-d′:9,10-d″]tripyridazine (L7). Compounds L1, L2 and L4 have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealing the formation of molecular stacking in the solid-state via π–π interactions between dppz moieties. The potential of these ligands to form multimetallic complexes has been demonstrated by the successful synthesis and structural characterisation of {[Cu4(L1)(NO3)6(MeO)2(MeOH)2]}, {[Cu4(L1)(NO3)6(MeO)2(EtOH)2]}, {[Cd(NO3)(EtOH)3][Cd(NO3)3(L2)]} and {[Cd(NO3)2]2(L5)3}.
Review—Silicon Nitride and Silicon Nitride-Rich Thin Film Technologies: Trends in Deposition Techniques and Related Applications (2017)

This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art chemistry and processing technologies for silicon nitride and silicon nitride- rich films, i.e., silicon nitride with C inclusion, both in hydrogenated (SiNx:H and SiNx:H(C)) and non-hydrogenated (SiNx and SiNx(C)) forms. The emphasis is on emerging trends and innovations in these SiNx material system technologies, with focus on Si and N source chemistries and thin film growth processes, including their primary effects on resulting film properties. It also illustrates that SiNx and its SiNx(C) derivative are the focus of an ever-growing research and manufacturing interest and that their potential usages are expanding into new technological areas.