gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Flexible Inflow Cannula With Titanium Inflow Tip for the NEDO Biventricular Assist Device (2004)

A newly designed flexible inflow cannula has been developed for a biventricular assist device (BVAD). The inflow tip was designed for long-term ventricle drainage. Considering the anatomic differences between the right and left ventricles, a flexible inflow cannula, as a mass production model with a titanium tip, was developed and investigated in chronic BVAD animal experiments using the NEDO permanently implantable centrifugal blood pump. These flexible inflow cannulae consist of flexible plastic tubing with wire supported, titanium left and right tips. The right titanium inflow tip was designed with inner and outer stoppers to be inserted into the right ventricle wall and a beak shape to avoid sucking. The left tip was designed to be inserted into the left ventricle cavity. Five chronic BVAD bovine studies were performed to investigate the new beak shaped titanium tip. In these studies, the new beak shaped titanium tip and cannula prevented stenosis by a proliferation of pseudoneointimal, and supplied adequate blood flow to the pump without sucking. This newly designed inflow cannula with the beak shaped titanium tip was successfully implanted for 90 days.
Reduction of the Side Effects of an Antitumor Agent, KRN5500, by Incorporation of the Drug into Polymeric Micelles (1999)

For intravenous (i.v.) injection of a water-insoluble antitumor drug, KRN5500, we have successfully incorporated KRN5500 into polymeric micelles. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity against several human tumor cell lines and toxicity in mice of polymeric micelles incorporating KRN5500 (KRN/m) were evaluated in comparison with those of the prototype KRN5500. KRN/m was found to express similar antitumor activity to KRN5500 in the in vitro and in vivo systems. However, the vascular damage and liver focal necrosis observed with KRN5500 i.v. injection were not seen when KRN/m was administered i.v. Therefore, we expect that KRN/m will be superior to KRN5500 for clinical use and that the methodology of polymeric micelle drug carrier systems can be applied to other water-insoluble drugs.
<title>Comparison of actuator designs for active vibration control of a gear pair system</title> (2002)

Four actuation concepts for the active suppression of gearbox housing mesh frequency vibrations caused by transmission error excitation from the gear pair system are modeled and compared by computing the required actuation force and amplifier power spectra. The proposed designs studied consist of (i) active inertial actuators positioned tangentially on the gear body to produce a pair of reactive force and moment, (ii) semi-active gear-shaft torsional coupling to provide tuned vibration isolation and suppression, (iii) active bearing vibration control to reduce vibration transmissibility, and (iv) active shaft transverse vibration control to suppress/tune gearbox casing or shaft response. Numerical simulations that incorporate a transmission error term as the primary excitation are performed using a finite element model of the geared rotor system (dynamic plant) constructed from beam and lumped mass/stiffness elements. Several key comparison criteria, including the required actuation effort, control robustness and implementation cost, are examined, and the advantages and disadvantages of each concept are discussed. Based on the simulated data, the active shaft transverse vibration scheme is identified as the most suitable approach for this application.
Increased Central Drive During Fatiguing Contractions of the Paraspinal Muscles in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain (1993)

In low back pain patients the paraspinal muscles demonstrate excess fatigability. Whether the cause is "central" as could result from impaired motor unit recruitment due to poor motivation or fear of pain, or "peripheral", and caused by defects in the contractile apparatus, is unknown. Using surface electromyography in conjunction with a standardized isometric fatigue test, this study investigates the mechanisms causing paraspinal muscle dysfunction in patients with both nonsurgical and postsurgical chronic low back pain. During the fatigue test normal subjects and both patient groups exhibited electromyographic increases. These were significantly greater in both patient groups, indicating increased central drive to their muscles. These findings may suggest that patients' excess fatigue is peripheral in origin, with increased central drive arising secondary to muscle wasting or denervation, although a central activation defect has not been excluded. Impaired physical performance in low back pain patients does not seem to be caused by lack of central drive.
Comparative analysis of microarray normalization procedures: effects on reverse engineering gene networks (2007)

We benchmark four commonly used normalization procedures (MAS5, RMA, GCRMA and Li-Wong) in the context of established algorithms for the reverse engineering of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Replicate sample, randomized and human B-cell data sets are used as an input. Surprisingly, our study suggests that MAS5 provides the most faithful cellular network reconstruction. Furthermore, we identify a crucial step in GCRMA responsible for introducing severe artifacts in the data leading to a systematic overestimate of pairwise correlation. This has key implications not only for reverse engineering but also for other methods, such as hierarchical clustering, relying on accurate measurements of pairwise expression profile correlation. We propose an alternative implementation to eliminate such side effect.
Editorial Note for Regular Issue: Journal of Bioanalysis and Biomedicine (ISSN: 1948-593X) (2020)

Journal of Bioanalysis and Biomedicine has been begun in the year 2009 and it released its first volume in the same year. Till now, the journal has released 11 volumes before the completion of 2019 and is viably running its 12th Volume. Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine has risen as a significant discipline of science which is multidisciplinary in nature. Various subjects such as different Pharmacotherapy, Negative consequences of Biomedicine, Molecular Epidomology, Nanomedicine, Drug Development, Toxicology, Biomarkers in toxicology, Spectroscopic and Chromatographic strategies, etc. Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine is the best open access journal that expects to publish commonly complete and reliable source of information on the disclosures and advanced in this field as original articles, review articles and short communications, etc and furnish free online access to it without any constraints or some different participations to researchers around the globe. JBABM peer reviewed journal is capably upheld by universally prominent Editorial Board members. JBABM go through a single blind peer review process by competent Editorial Board in order to ensure excellence.
Introduction (2018)

This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book is concerned with Confucian ethics. Confucianism is a holistic philosophy that prioritizes relationality and constitutes a challenge to a foundational liberal individualism that has defined persons as discrete, autonomous, rational, free, and often self-interested agents. The book covers a diverse range of topics, including hermeneutics and Confucian exegesis, Buddhism, and the concept of freedom, Daoism and somaesthetics, and the philosophy of language and Chinese art. It explores how Chinese and Western thought can interpenetrate, illuminate, complement, and empower each other. The book deals with a criticism of parochialism in East-West philosophical studies. It also addresses one of the longstanding debates in philosophical inquiry that is concerned with the relations of thought and action.
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Copaifera religiosa (2011)

Dichloromethane extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Copaifera religiosa, two plants used to treat malaria in Gabon, had interesting antiplasmodial activity in vitro. These data provide a scientific rationale for the traditional use of these plants against malaria symptoms. Bioactivity-guided phytochemical analyses are underway to identify the active compounds.
Hydrocarbons Heterogeneous Pyrolysis : Experiments and Modeling for Scramjet Thermal Management (2008)

The last years saw a renewal of interest for hypersonic research in general and regenerative cooling specifically, with a large increase of the number of dedicated facilities and technical studies. In order to quantify the heat transfer in the cooled structures and the composition of the cracked fuel entering the combustor, an accurate model of the thermal decomposition of the fuel is required. This model should be able to predict the fuel chemical composition and physical properties for a broad range of pressures, temperatures and cooling geometries. For this purpose, an experimental and modeling study of the thermal decomposition of generic molecules (long-chain or polycyclic alkanes) that could be good surrogates of real fuels, has been started at the DCPR laboratory located in Nancy (France). This successful effort leads to several versions of a complete kinetic model. These models do not assume any effect from the material that constitutes the cooling channel. A specific experimental study was performed with two different types of steel (regular: E37, stainless: 316L). Some results are given in the present paper.
Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling for Multi-Objective Test Suite Optimization (2015)

Abstract Regression testing is a type of testing activity, which ensures that source code changes do not affect the unmodified portions of the software adversely. This testing activity may be very expensive in, some cases, due to the required time to execute the test suite. In order to execute the regression tests in a cost-effective manner, the optimization of regression test suite is crucial. This optimization can be achieved by applying test suite reduction (TSR), regression test selection (RTS), or test case prioritization (TCP) techniques. In this paper, we designed and implemented an expert system for TSR problem by using neuro-fuzzy modeling-based approaches known as “adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with grid partitioning” (ANFIS-GP) and “adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with subtractive clustering” (ANFIS-SC). Two case studies were performed to validate the model and fuzzy logic, multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithms were used for benchmarking. The performance of the models were evaluated in terms of reduction of test suite size, reduction in fault detection rate, reduction in test suite execution time, and reduction in requirement coverage. The experimental results showed that our ANFIS-based optimization system is very effective to optimize the regression test suite and provides better performance than the other approaches evaluated in this study. Size and execution time of the test suite is reduced up to 50%, whereas loss in fault detection rate is between 0% and 25%.
Medium‐term results of percutaneous vertebroplasty in multiple myeloma (2006)

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are common in multiple myeloma (MM). Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is used to stabilize vertebral collapse and treat the pain. Few studies have been carried out on PVP in MM and follow-up has tended to be short. We have prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of PVP in the VCFs resulting from MM or plasmacytomas. Nineteen PVP were performed in 12 consecutive patients. We monitored their pain and functional status using visual analog (VAS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, respectively. For a subjective assessment, every patient was asked about his/her degree of satisfaction. The mean age of the participants was 66 yr. Significant improvement occurred 1 d after PVP according to the VAS score (7.5 pre-PVP to 3.7, P < 0.0001) and ECOG assessment (3.1 to 2.5, P = 0.002). This significant improvement was maintained after 3.2 yr of follow-up. Sixty-three percent of patients were highly satisfied with the result of the PVP and 37% were satisfied. The peri-operative mortality was 0%. Leakage of the cement outside of the vertebral body was noted in 16 of 19 injected vertebrae (84%) but none of the patients developed any clinical or neurological symptoms. At the last follow-up, no further collapse in the treated or neighboring vertebrae was noted. VCFs caused by MM or plasmacytomas can be effectively treated by vertebroplasty. PVP is associated with early clinical improvement of pain and function and can be maintained after a long follow-up without major procedure-related complications.
Doppler broadening and collisional relaxation effects in a lasing-without-inversion experiment (1995)

In the early experiments on optical pumping and coherent population trapping (``dark resonances'') increasing buffer gas pressure enhances the effect. In our recent lasing-without-inversion experiments, based on population trapping, we find the opposite behavior, namely, decreasing atomic coherence with increasing buffer gas pressure. We provide a theoretical explanation of this result in agreement with experiment.
Dialogue-based human-robot interaction for space construction teams (2003)

This paper describes a human-robot interaction that uses dialogues as a basis for the operation of multiple robots in space construction. The dialogues, which are conducted by the operator and a community of software agents, consist of explicit and implicit queries and responses regarding the state of the robots and their environment. A dialogue enables a high-level but active role for the operator in resource management and task planning for space construction missions with multiple robots. The dynamic nature of such a scenario will be challenging for the operator, but a dialogue interaction provides valid, up-to-date information about robot capabilities that make up the tools that the operator may use to solve problems creatively. This interaction enables the management of large teams of multiple robots through methods that are natural for the operator. Experiments demonstrate the utility of this method of robot operation, and point out some of the challenges that remain for future research.
Biochemical changes associated with the ripening of hot pepper fruit (1986)

Hot pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. cv. Chooraehong) fruit underwent a respiratory climacteric during ripening. However, the rate of ethylene production was low, reaching a maximum of approximately 0.7 μl kg −1 h −1 at the climacteric peak when the surface color was 30 to 40% red. Ripening was accompanied by a loss of galactose and arabinose residues from the cell wall. The content of uronic acid and cellulose in the wall changed only slightly during ripening. The average molecular weight of a cell wall hemicellulosic fraction shifted progressively toward a lower molecular weight during ripening. Total β‐galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity increased 50‐fold from the immature green to the red ripe stage. No polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity was detected at any stage of ripeness. Thus, the loss of galactose and arabinose residues from the cell wall, as well as the observed modification of hemicelluloses during ripening, seem to be unrelated to active polygalacturonase. Soluble polyuronide content remained relatively constant at approximately 60 μg (g fresh weight) −1 as fruit ripended.
Outliers in multivariate time series (2000)

This paper generalises four types of disturbance commonly used in univariate time series analysis to the multivariate case, highlights the differences between univariate and multivariate outliers, and investigates dynamic effects of a multivariate outlier on individual components. The effect of a multivariate outlier depends not only on its size and the underlying model, but also on the interaction between the size and the dynamic structure of the model. The latter factor does not appear in the univariate case. A multivariate outlier can introduce various types of outlier for the marginal component models. By comparing and contrasting results of univariate and multivariate outlier detections, one can gain insights into the characteristics of an outlier. We use real examples to demonstrate the proposed analysis.
Is resistance exercise with controlled frequency breathing superior to training of the same program with normal breathing? – future challenges (2013)

The specific internal environment in the body during exercise can influence the muscle hypertrophy and strength response. Unlike chronic hypoxic exposure, exercise training under intermittent hypoxia may lead to muscle hypertrophy with relatively low workloads. Objectives: The purpose of this brief review is to discuss how a hypoxic condition can be attained without providing ambient inspiratory hypoxic gases or inducing hypobaric hypoxia. Design and Methods: Evidence-based implications and future challenges. Results: Pulse oximetry is a simple method that measures percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2). Several studies reported that hypoxia is produced with increasing duration of apnea, especially in the last half of the breath-hold, with SpO2 reaching levels as low as 80%. Similarly, studies have reported changes in SpO2 during dynamic exercise at various workloads with controlled frequency breathing. Conclusions and future challenges: These results suggest a possibility that moderate- or high-intensity exercise combined with controlled frequency breathing may produce a low level of SpO2, which may be a model for muscle hypertrophy by moderate- or high-intensity exercise training with hypoxia. However, there are no published studies on the effects of resistance exercise with controlled frequency breathing on muscle size and function. Additionally, it is unclear the magnitude change in SpO2 during resistance exercise with a combination of different frequencies of breathing and various workloads. Furthermore, the safety of such a technique, particularly with respect to hypercapnia and the possible elevation of arterial pressures, is also unknown and should be investigated further.
Workplace Harassment, Cyber Incivility, and Climate in Academic Medicine (2023)

High rates of sexual harassment, cyber incivility, and negative organizational climate exist in academic medicine, disproportionately affecting minoritized groups and affecting mental health. Ongoing efforts to transform culture are necessary.
Reactions of 1-(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl-5-amino-4-cyanoimidazole with isothiocyanates. (1988)

The reactions of 1-(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl-5-amino-4-cyanoimidazole (5) with isothiocyanates afforded 3-(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl-5-(substituted amino)-7-(N-substituted thiocarbamoyl)-iminoimidazo[4, 5-d][1, 3]thiazine (6a-c) at 50°C in dimethylformamide. At more elevated temperature, for example, in refluxing pyridine, compound 5 reacted with methyl isothiocyanate to give 3-2(acetoxyethoxy)methyl-5-methylamino-7-(N-methylthiocarbamoyl)iminoimidazo[4, 5-d][1, 3]-thiazine (6b) and 9-(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl-1-methyl-6-imino-2-thioxopurine (7b).On the other hand, when carbon disulfide was used in place of isothiocyanates, the reaction afforded 3-(2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl-7-imino-5-thioxoimidaxo]4, 5-d][1, 3]thiazine (8) in refluxing pyridine.Under alkaline conditions, 6 and 8 were found to be rearranged to 2-(substituted amino)-9-(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl-6-thioxopurine (10) and 2, 6-dithioxo-9-(2-hydroxyethoxy)methylpurine (9), respectively.
On the complexity of time table and multi-commodity flow problems (1975)

A very primitive version of Gotlieb's timetable problem is shown to be NP-complete, and therefore all the common timetable problems are NP-complete. A polynomial time algorithm, in case all teachers are binary, is shown. The theorem that a meeting function always exists if all teachers and classes have no time constraints is proved. The multi-commodity integral flow problem is shown to be NP-complete even if the number of commodities is two. This is true both in the directed and undirected cases. Finally, the two commodity real flow problem in undirected graphs is shown to be solvable in polynomial time. The time bound is O(|v|2|E|).
Single-Cell Sequencing-Enabled Hexokinase 2 Assay for Noninvasive Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Screening by Detecting Rare Malignant Cells in Urine (2020)

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most common tumors with a high recurrence rate, necessitating noninvasive and sensitive diagnostic methods. Accurate detection of exfoliated tumor cells (ETCs) in urine is crucial for noninvasive BC diagnosis but suffers from limited sensitivity when ETCs are rare and confounded by reactive, regenerative, or reparative cells. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) enables accurate detection of ETCs by surveying oncogenic driver mutations or genome-wide copy number alternations. To overcome the low-throughput limitation of SCS, we report a SCS-validated cellular marker, hexokinase 2 (HK2), for high-throughput screening cells in urine and detecting ETCs engaging elevated glycolysis. In the SCS-based training set, a total of 385 cells from urine samples of eight urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients were sequenced to establish a HK2 threshold that achieved >90% specificity for ETC detection. This urine-based HK2 assay was tested with a blinded patient group (<i>n</i> = 384) including UC and benign genitourinary disorders as a validation cohort for prospectively evaluating diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the assay were 90, 88, 83, and 93%, respectively, which were superior to urinary cytology. For investigating the potential to be a screening test, the HK2 assay was tested with a group of healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 846) and a 6-month follow-up. The specificity was 98.4% in this health group. Three participants were found to have >5 putative ETCs that were sequenced to exhibit recurrent copy number alternations characteristic of malignant cells, demonstrating early BC detection before current clinical methods.
Nodular corrosion formation in crystal bar zirconium (1994)

Nodular oxide is the representative feature of corrosion that can be generated on Zircaloy in boiling water reactors, and many researchers have studied the nodular corrosion mechanism from the viewpoint of alloying elements. As a result, it has been found that the alloying elements, such as iron and chromium, play an important role in nodular corrosion. That is, nodular corrosion susceptibility depends on the amount of solute elements and the distribution or the size of precipitations. However, alloying elements alone are not sufficient to explain nodular corrosion formation. This paper focuses on the idea that nodular corrosion formation was one mode of corrosion behavior in zirconium. Therefore, it is predicted that nodular corrosion occurred not only in Zircaloy but also in pure zirconium. The corrosion behavior of crystal barrade zirconium is reported in terms of the change in crystallographic orientation with heat treatment.
Fiber waveguide with a fluorine-doped cladding and a pure quartz glass core (1985)

The rod-in-tube method was used for the first time in the Soviet Union to construct fiber waveguides with a pure quartz glass core, formed by the axial deposition technique, and a fluorine-doped quartz cladding formed by the technique of plasmachemical deposition inside a quartz jacket tube. In the case of a fiber waveguide with a numerical aperture of 0.18 the optical losses ranged from 3 dB/km at the wavelength of 0.85 μ to 1.4 dB/km at 1.5 μ. The results of an investigation of the radiation-optical stability of these fiber waveguides indicated that they were not inferior (in respect of this characteristic) to the best foreign devices. The high radiation optical stability was due to the purity of the waveguide materials.