gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical line source and point source interactions with anomalies in the ground (1984)

Illustrative examples show that line source electrode interactions with a cylindrical anomaly can serve as an adequate qualitative model for point source electrode interactions with cylindrical and spherical anomalies. Subject to certain restrictions, the quantitative results for point and line source interactions with cylindrical anomalies can even be approximately the same. This is of benefit, due to the simplicity of the line source mathematical representation, in being able to determine the utility of means for sensing various anomalies within the ground.
Copper‐Catalyzed Innate Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes (2015)

Abstract We report the direct introduction of the CF 2 CO 2 Et moiety into electron‐rich arenes. The copper‐catalyzed process uses commercially available and inexpensive BrCF 2 CO 2 Et as a fluorinated building block. This radical‐free reaction proceeds smoothly to give the desired difluoromethylated arenes in modest to good yields with a Friedel–Crafts‐type regioselectivity. The direct introduction of α,α‐difluoromethylated amides was also investigated, and this gave the corresponding difluoromethylated arenes, albeit in moderate yields. This method represents the first transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct introduction of a functionalized fluorinated moiety into electron‐rich arenes.
Mid- to high-power ultrasound imaging arrays - from ARFI to HIFU (2004)

Applications exist in medical ultrasound which require probes capable of both high quality diagnostic imaging and radiating higher average power into tissue. Using conventional materials and array configurations it is difficult to simultaneously achieve both objectives. This paper presents results towards an approach capable of achieving equivalent or slightly improved imaging performance compared to conventional imaging arrays while at the same time also achieving enhanced power delivery capability. An analysis is presented of the performance of piezoceramics designed for medium to high power operation (e.g. PZT4 and PZT8) in single layer and multilayer form. Arrays fabricated with different single layer piezoceramics are compared, including pulse-echo waveform and spectrum, imaging performance, and heating under high power drive. A prototype array constructed with both single layer and 3-layer PZT8 elements shows improved power delivery from the 3-layer elements. Simulations made using the measured high power multilayer properties show equivalent or improved imaging performance relative to conventional arrays.
Comparative Effects of Poultry and Swine Waste Lagoon Spills on the Quality of Receiving Streamwaters (1997)

Abstract During July 1995, a poultry waste lagoon ruptured in Duplin County, North Carolina, sending 32.6 million L of chicken waste effluent into a nearby creek and the Northeast Cape Fear River. In August 1995 a breach of a hog waste lagoon released approximately 7.6 million L of waste into a system of blackwater creeks in Brunswick County, North Carolina. The poultry waste spill occurred under high rainfall‐high river flow conditions, while the swine waste lagoon spill occurred during dry conditions. Both spills caused high turbidity and low dissolved oxygen (DO) in receiving waters, and DO levels in the Northeast Cape Fear River displayed a “sag curve” 10 d after the poultry waste spill, reaching a minimum of 1.0 mg L −1 90 km downstream. Both spills delivered high N loads to receiving waters (maxima of 92.1 mg L −1 from the poultry spill and 47.0 mg L −1 from the swine waste spill). Phosphorous concentrations reached 6.0 and 11.5 mg L −1 in receiving waters of the poultry and swine waste spills, respectively. Dense phytoplankton blooms (&gt;100 µg chlorophyll a L −1 ) were measured in the blackwater creeks after the swine spill. High fecal coliform concentrations were delivered by both spills, and concentrations of the pathogenic bacterium Clostridium perfringens ranged up to 40 000 colony‐forming units (CFU) mL −1 in the receiving waters after the poultry spill. In 1995 and 1996 more than 30 animal waste lagoon breaches, overtoppings, and inundations were reported in North Carolina, demonstrating the major pollution potential of these treatment systems.
Clinical Experience with Loop Nephrostomy for Urinary Diversion (1974)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1974Clinical Experience with Loop Nephrostomy for Urinary Diversion C.E. Hawtrey, D.L. Boatman, R.G. Brown, and J.D. Schmidt C.E. HawtreyC.E. Hawtrey More articles by this author , D.L. BoatmanD.L. Boatman More articles by this author , R.G. BrownR.G. Brown More articles by this author , and J.D. SchmidtJ.D. Schmidt More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59637-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByLipuma J, Haaga J, Bryan P, Resnick M, El Yousef S, Persky L and Caldamone A (2018) Percutaneous Nephrostomy in Neonates and InfantsJournal of Urology, VOL. 132, NO. 4, (722-724), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1984.King L (2018) Editorial CommentsJournal of Urology, VOL. 132, NO. 4, (724-724), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1984.Lange P (2018) Editorial CommentsJournal of Urology, VOL. 132, NO. 4, (724-724), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1984.Smith A, Lange P, Miller R and Reinke D (2018) Percutaneous U-Loop NephrostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 121, NO. 3, (355-357), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1979.Finney R and Sharpe J (2018) Self-Retaining Loop NephrostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 117, NO. 5, (638-640), Online publication date: 1-May-1977.Stables D, Holt S, Sheridan H and Donohue R (2018) Permanent Nephrostomy via Percutaneous PunctureJournal of Urology, VOL. 114, NO. 5, (684-687), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1975.Brown R, Webster M and Hawtrey C (2018) The Non-operative Re-establishment of a Broken Loop NephrostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 112, NO. 2, (272-274), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1974. Volume 112Issue 1July 1974Page: 36-41 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C.E. Hawtrey More articles by this author D.L. Boatman More articles by this author R.G. Brown More articles by this author J.D. Schmidt More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Experimentelle Untersuchungen (1978)

Das Forschungsprogramm am vorgestellten Versuchsverdichter umfaßt auch Untersuchungen im Nachleitrad, über die hier im Zusammenhang mit den Ergebnissen aus den Untersuchungen der Relativströmung im Laufrad berichtet wird. Die Resultate aus den instationären Messungen im Nachleitrad des Verdichters entstanden im Rahmen eines durch den Sonderforschungsbereich 83 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projektes mit dem Thema: “Einfluß der instationären Strömungsvorgänge auf das Strömungsverhalten eines Axialverdichter-Leitgitters” [19].
Bleomycin-induced trans lipid formation in cell membranes and in liposome models (2014)

Cell cultures of NTera-2 cells incubated with bleomycin and liposomes as biomimetic models of cell membranes were used for examining some novel aspects of drug-metal induced reactivity with unsaturated lipids under oxidative conditions. In cell cultures, bleomycin was found for the first time to cause the formation of trans fatty acids. The chemical basis of this transformation was ascertained by liposome experiments, using bleomycin-iron complexes in the presence of thiol as a reducing agent that by incubation at 37 °C gave rise to the thiyl radical-catalysed double bond isomerisation of membrane phospholipids. The effect of oxygen and reagent concentrations on the reaction outcome was studied. An interesting scenario of free radical reactivity is proposed, which can be relevant for understanding the role of membrane lipids in antitumoral treatments and drug carrier interaction.
Theileria: life cycle stages associated with the ixodid tick vector (2008)

The genus Theileria comprises tick-transmitted sporozoan protozoa that are the causative agents of a variety of disease syndromes in domestic and wild ruminants, and are collectively responsible for economic losses amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars annually in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Theileria are unique among protozoa, in that certain species are capable of immortalizing either mammalian lymphocytes, or cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage that they infect. Theileria has been included within a subphylum designated the Apicomplexa, based on the common possession of an apical complex containing secretory organelles involved in invasion, or establishment, in the cells of their mammalian and invertebrate hosts. However the evolutionary and functional equivalence of the apical complex between different genera and hence the taxonomic validity of the Apicomplexa remains unclear. Analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences demonstrates that the genus Theileria is phylogenetically most closely related to Babesia, a genus of tick-borne protozoan infective to the red cells of mammals including domestic livestock, and more distantly to the genus Plasmodium which causes malaria in humans and other species of vertebrates (Allsopp et al., 1994). There are similarities, but also significant differences, in features of the life cycle, genome organization and mammalian host immune responses to infection between Theileria and Plasmodium.
Generalized Monotonic Functional Mixed Models with Application to Modelling Normal Tissue Complications (2008)

Summary Normal tissue complications are a common side effect of radiation therapy. They are the consequence of the dose of radiation that is received by the normal tissue surrounding the site of the tumour. Within a specified organ each voxel receives a certain dose of radiation, leading to a distribution of doses over the organ. It is often not known what aspect of the dose distribution drives the presence and severity of the complications. A summary measure of the dose distribution can be obtained by integrating a weighting function of dose (w(d)) over the density of dose. For biological reasons the weight function should be monotonic. We propose a generalized monotonic functional mixed model to study the dose effect on a clinical outcome by estimating this weight function non-parametrically by using splines and subject to the monotonicity constraint, while allowing for overdispersion and correlation of multiple obervations within the same subject. We illustrate our method with data from a head and neck cancer study in which the irradiation of the parotid gland results in loss of saliva flow.
Sponge‐like Nickel and Nickel Nitride Structures for Catalytic Applications (2013)

A safe and simple method to fabricate air-stable nickel nitride and nickel embedded in carbon and nitrogen matrix, with high surface area for catalytic applications, is presented. The new synthesis employs molten inorganic salts as the reaction media. The use of salt melt opens new possibilities for safe, simple, and cheap synthesis of metal nitrides and metals for energy-related applications.
Multivariate analysis to predict letrozole efficacy in improving sperm count of non-obstructive azoospermic and cryptozoospermic patients: a pilot study (2013)

We tested the hypothesis that letrozole increases sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermic or cryptozoospermic patients with a testosterone (T)/17-beta-2-oestradiol (E2) ratio <10. Forty-six patients with no chromosomal aberrations were randomized into two groups: 22 received letrozole 2.5 mg per day for 6 months (Group 1: 6 azoospermic + 16 cryptozoospermic patients), while 24 received a placebo (Group 2: 5 azoospermic + 19 cryptozoospermic patients). The following data were collected: two semen analyses, clinical history, scrotal Duplex scans, body mass index (BMI), Y microdeletion, karyotype and cystic fibrosis screens and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), E2, T and prolactin levels. Both before and after letrozole or placebo administration, the patients underwent two semen analyses and hormonal assessments. The differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. The relationships between sperm concentration after letrozole administration with respect to FSH, T/E2 ratio, bilateral testicle volume and BMI before letrozole administration were assessed using multivariate analysis. The side effects were assessed using the chi-square test. Group 1 had sperm concentration (medians: 400-1.290 × 10(6) ml(-1); P<0.01) and motility (medians: class A from 2% to 15%; P<0.01), FSH, LH and T significantly increased, while Group 2 did not. E2 levels diminished significantly in Group 1, but not in Group 2. Eight patients in Group 1 demonstrated side effects, whereas no patient side effects were observed in Group 2. The sperm concentration after letrozole administration is inversely related to T/E2, FSH and BMI; a direct relationship emerged between sperm concentration and testicular volume.
Citrullination of autoantigens: Upstream of TNFα in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by synovial inflammation and destruction of joints. Over 20 years ago, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was identified as a key player in a cytokine network, whose multifunctional effects could account for both the inflammation and destruction in RA. The remarkable efficacy of TNF inhibitors in the treatment of RA has resulted in extensive research addressing the regulation of TNFα production responsible for this excessive production. The discovery of autoimmunity to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens (ACPA) has led the concept that ACPA may be the essential link between disease susceptibility factors and the production of TNFα, which ultimately accounts for the disease phenotype. In this review we will consider (1) the mechanisms of citrullination, both physiological and pathological, (2) how known genetic and environmental factors could drive this peculiar form of autoimmunity and (3) how the immune response could lead to excessive production of TNFα by the synovial cells and ultimately to the disease phenotype (Fig. 1).
A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analysis of the Serpin Superfamily (2021)

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are found in all kingdoms of life and play essential roles in multiple physiological processes. Owing to the diversity of the superfamily, phylogenetic analysis is challenging and prokaryotic serpins have been speculated to have been acquired from Metazoa through horizontal gene transfer due to their unexpectedly high homology. Here, we have leveraged a structural alignment of diverse serpins to generate a comprehensive 6,000-sequence phylogeny that encompasses serpins from all kingdoms of life. We show that in addition to a central "hub" of highly conserved serpins, there has been extensive diversification of the superfamily into many novel functional clades. Our analysis indicates that the hub proteins are ancient and are similar because of convergent evolution, rather than the alternative hypothesis of horizontal gene transfer. This work clarifies longstanding questions in the evolution of serpins and provides new directions for research in the field of serpin biology.
Metabolic and Immune Activation Effects of Treatment Interruption in Chronic HIV-1 Infection: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk (2008)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00015704.
Randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as infection prophylaxis in oncologic surgery. Leukine Surgical Prophylaxis Research Group. (1998)

The eligibility criteria for this study were successful at defining a patient subgroup at high risk for postoperative infections. At an immunomodulatory dose of 125 microg/m2 per day, GM-CSF was safe and well tolerated, but did not reduce the incidence of postoperative infections in this high-risk oncologic population. Infectious morbidity in surgical oncology remains an important subject for continued clinical investigation.
Philip the Chancellor (1160/85–1236) (2018)

Philip occupies a pivotal place in the development of medieval philosophy. He is among the very first in the Latin West to have a fairly complete picture of both the newly available natural philosophy and metaphysics of Aristotle and the work of the great Muslim thinkers, Avicenna and Averroes. His Summa de bono, composed sometime between 1225 and 1236, shows the broadening of philosophical interests and the growth of philosophical sophistication that accompanied reflection on these new materials. Philip’s Summa had a major impact on subsequent thirteenth-century thinkers, particularly Albert the Great, whose own Summa de bono is closely modelled on that of Philip.
Blockchain-Enabled Fish Provenance and Quality Tracking System (2021)

Accurate assessment of fish quality is difficult in practice due to the lack of trusted fish provenance and quality tracking information. Working with Sydney Fish Market (SFM), we develop a Blockchain-enabled fish provenance and quality tracking (BeFAQT) system. A multilayer Blockchain architecture based on attribute-based encryption (ABE) is proposed to tackle the privacy issue caused by applying Blockchain to secure supply chain data and achieve trusted and confidential data sharing among parties in fish supply chains. An Internet-of-Things (IoT) chain saves encrypted fish provenance and quality tracking data, and an ABE chain is specifically designed for the access control to the data in the IoT chain. Latest IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including NarrowBand-IoT, image processing, and biosensing, are developed for fish origin proof, supply chain tracking, and objective fish quality assessment. As proven by field trials with SFM and a local fish supply chain, the BeFAQT is able to provide trusted and comprehensive fish provenance and quality tracking information in real time.
Insert Position in Three-Component Total Ankle Replacement (2010)

Our data suggest that the latest three-component prosthesis functions similar to the two-component prosthesis, but we believe with an added advantage of allowing an individualized position of the polyethylene insert in response to the individual soft tissue load due to different ankle joint configurations.
A premature-termination mutation in the Mus musculus cyclin-dependent kinase 3 gene (2001)

Our understanding of the mammalian cell cycle is due in large part to the analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and CDK4/6. These kinases are regulated by E and D type cyclins, respectively, and coordinate the G(1)/S-phase transition. In contrast, little is known about CDK3, a homolog of CDK2 and cell division cycle kinase 2 (CDC2). Previous studies using ectopic expression of human CDK3 suggest a role for this kinase in the G(1)/S-phase transition, but analysis of the endogenous kinase has been stymied by the low levels of protein present in cells and by the absence of an identifiable cyclin partner. Herein we report the presence of a single point mutation in the CDK3 gene from several Mus musculus strains commonly used in the laboratory. This mutation results in the replacement of a conserved tryptophan (Trp-187) within kinase consensus domain IX with a stop codon. The protein predicted to be encoded by this allele is truncated near the T loop, which is involved in activation by CDK-activating kinase. This mutation also deletes motif XI known to be required for kinase function and is, therefore, expected to generate a null allele. In stark contrast, CDK3 from two wild-mice species (Mus spretus and Mus mus castaneus) lack this mutation. These data indicate that CDK3 is not required for M. musculus development and suggest that any functional role played by CDK3 in the G(1)/S-phase transition is likely to be redundant with another CDK.
X-FEM avec contact et frottement pour des jonctions de failles (2011)

National audience
Slickwater hydraulic fracture propagation: near-tip and radial geometry solutions (2019)

We quantify the importance of turbulent flow on the propagation of hydraulic fractures (HF) accounting for the addition of friction reducing agents to the fracturing fluid (slickwater fluid). The addition in small quantities of a high molecular weight polymer to water is sufficient to drastically reduce friction of turbulent flow. The maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote is always reached during industrial-like injections. The energy required for pumping is thus drastically reduced, allowing for high volume high rate hydraulic fracturing operations at a reasonable cost. We investigate the propagation of a hydraulic fracture propagating in an elastic impermeable homogeneous solid under a constant (and possibly very high) injection rate accounting for laminar and turbulent flow conditions with or without the addition of friction reducers. We solve the near-tip HF problem and estimate the extent of the laminar boundary layer near the fracture tip as a function of a tip Reynolds number for slickwater. We obtain different propagation scalings and transition time scales. This allows us to easily quantify the growth of a radial HF from the early-time turbulent regime(s) to the late-time laminar regimes. Depending on the material and injection parameters, some propagation regimes may actually be bypassed. We derive both accurate and approximate solutions for the growth of radial HF in the different limiting flow regimes (turbulent smooth, rough, MDR) for the zero fracture toughness limit (corresponding to the early stage of propagation of a radial HF). We also investigate numerically the transition(s) between the early-time MDR regime to the late-time laminar regimes (viscosity and toughness) for slickwater fluid. Our results indicate that the effect of turbulent flow on high rate slickwater HF propagation is limited and matters only at early times (at most during the first minutes for industrial hydraulic fracturing operations).
High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) of newly synthetized RNAs enables one shot detection and identification of live mycoplasmas and differentiation from inert nucleic acids (2020)

Mycoplasma contamination threatens both the safety of biologics produced in cell substrates as well as the quality of scientific results based on cell-culture observations. Methods currently used to detect contamination of cells include culture, enzymatic activity, immunofluorescence and PCR but suffer from some limitations. High throughput sequencing (HTS) can be used to identify microbes like mycoplasmas in biologics since it enables an unbiased approach to detection without the need to design specific primers to pre-amplify target sequences but it does not enable the confirmation of microbial infection since this could reflect carryover of inert sequences. In order to unambiguously differentiate the presence of live or dead mycoplasmas in biological products, the present method was developed based on metabolic RNA labelling of newly synthetized mycoplasmal RNAs. HTS of labelled RNA detected A549 cell infection with Acholeplasma laidlawii in a manner similar to both PCR and culture and demonstrated that this technique can unambiguously identify bacterial species and differentiates infected cells from cells exposed to a high inoculum of heat-inactivated mycoplasmas. This method therefore combines the advantage of culture (that detects only live microorganisms) with those of molecular tests (rapidity) together with a very broad range of bacterial detection and identification.