gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lattice-based Improvements for Voice Triggering Using Graph Neural\n Networks (2020)

Voice-triggered smart assistants often rely on detection of a trigger-phrase\nbefore they start listening for the user request. Mitigation of false triggers\nis an important aspect of building a privacy-centric non-intrusive smart\nassistant. In this paper, we address the task of false trigger mitigation (FTM)\nusing a novel approach based on analyzing automatic speech recognition (ASR)\nlattices using graph neural networks (GNN). The proposed approach uses the fact\nthat decoding lattice of a falsely triggered audio exhibits uncertainties in\nterms of many alternative paths and unexpected words on the lattice arcs as\ncompared to the lattice of a correctly triggered audio. A pure trigger-phrase\ndetector model doesn't fully utilize the intent of the user speech whereas by\nusing the complete decoding lattice of user audio, we can effectively mitigate\nspeech not intended for the smart assistant. We deploy two variants of GNNs in\nthis paper based on 1) graph convolution layers and 2) self-attention mechanism\nrespectively. Our experiments demonstrate that GNNs are highly accurate in FTM\ntask by mitigating ~87% of false triggers at 99% true positive rate (TPR).\nFurthermore, the proposed models are fast to train and efficient in parameter\nrequirements.\n
Evaluación del sistema de registro y notificación de casos de VIH en Nicaragua del 1 de Enero al 31 de Diciembre del 2009. (2013)

Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Se encontro que de nivel local a nivel regional existe un subregistro hasta el 34% de los casos. Del nivel regional al CNDR se determino un subregistro hacia el nivel central hasta del 35%, lo que refleja una debilidad en el seguimiento de casos y de diagnostico. Del nivel central se establecio un subregistro del 48% hacia vigilancia epidemiologica del componente de VIH.
A new parity structure with multi-weight circulants for QC LDPC codes (2012)

The block dual-diagonal (BDD) parity structure is widely adopted in many practical irregular quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. These QC LDPC codes have good error-correcting performance in waterfall region but usually show relatively high error floors in low error rate region. In this paper, by using multi-weight circulants, a new BDD structure is proposed for the parity part of irregular QC LDPC codes to lower error floors and support efficient encoding. Since the parity part of parity-check matrices has flexible degree distribution with the aid of multi-weight circulants, QC LDPC codes with the proposed BDD structure can have large minimum Hamming distance compared to those with the conventional BDD structure, especially, in the low-rate case. Simulation results show that QC LDPC codes with the proposed BDD structure have lower error floor than those with the conventional BDD structure.
Central Inhibitory Effects of the Methanol Extract ofNeorautanenia mitis. Root in Rats and Mice (2005)

Decoctions of the root of the plant Neorautanenia mitis. (A. Rich) Verde (Papilonaceae) are commonly employed ethnomedicinally in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and some other conditions. The central inhibitory effects of the methanol extract of N. mitis. (5–20 mg/kg) were therefore investigated in mice and rats to provide scientific evidence for some of these claims. Activities of the extract were studied on pentobarbital hypnosis in rats, and spontaneous motor activity (SMA), exploratory activity, rota-rod performance (motor coordination), and amphetamine-induced as well as apomorphine-induced hyperactivity, all in mice. The extract at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg (i.p.) produced significant (p < 0.05) prolongation of pentobarbital hypnosis and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced both SMA and exploratory behavior at the same doses. The extract attenuated both amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced hyperactivity in mice at the higher doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) but had no effect on motor coordination. The results suggest that the extract possesses biologically active principles with central effects that are sedative in nature and may partly be mediated through activity on dopamine (D2)-receptors.
PERSIST: prototype Earth observing system using image slicer mirrors (2012)

The measurement of the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) requires the simultaneous observation of a number of wavelength channels. Current and planned CO<sub>2</sub> missions typically measure three wavebands using a hyperspectral sensor containing three spectrometers fed by an optical relay system to separate the wavelength channels. The use of one spectrometer per wavelength channel is inefficient in terms of number of detectors required and the mass and volume. This paper describes the development of an alternative solution which uses two key technologies to enable a more compact design; an image slicer mirror placed at the focal plane, and a multiple slit spectrometer operating in multiple diffraction orders. Both of these technologies are in common use in advanced astronomical spectrometers on large telescopes. The imager slicer mirror technology, as used on the James Webb Space Telescope instrument MIRI, enables the spectrometer to be illuminated with three input slits, each at a different wavelength. The spectrometer then disperses the light into multiple diffraction orders, via an echelle grating, to simultaneously capture spectra for three wavelength channels.
Maternal Antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus in Foals and their Interference with Vaccination (1991)

Foals that were born to mares vaccinated twice a year against influenza had moderate to high haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers at 24 hours after birth. The foals were vaccinated at six and ten weeks of age, and again at three to five months after birth. Four months after the third vaccination no antibodies against A/H7N7 and A/H3N8 influenza viruses were detected in these foals. Thus, maternal antibodies probably prevented the development of antibodies against equine influenza virus after vaccination. Foals born to the same mares one year later were monitored to determine the rate of decline of maternal antibodies against influenza viruses. Antibody titers of the foals shortly after birth were similar to those of the mares at foaling. The antibodies persisted for three to six months, and their biological half-life was estimated to be approximately 38 days. Two vaccinations of foals against influenza after the maternal antibodies had virtually disappeared resulted in an antibody response in most, but still not all, foals. These findings suggest that foals should not be vaccinated against influenza until maternal antibodies have disappeared.
Diffusion Flames of Gas Jets Issued From Circular and Elliptic Nozzles (1992)

Abstract An experimental study of the characteristics of the burning and nonburning gas jets issued from elliptic and circular nozzles in a low velocity concentric air stream is presented. Propane mixed with nitrogen was used as the jet fluid. The diameter of the circular nozzle was 9.5 mm and the elliptic nozzle had the same exit area as that of the circular nozzle and an aspect ratio (major axis/minor axis) of 3:1. The liftoff and reattachment behavior, temperature profiles, concentration profiles of fuel, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and soot, flame radiation, opacity of the flame samples, the profiles of the streamwise component of the mean velocity, and r.m.s. value of the velocity fluctuation in the streamwise direction were measured. The elliptic nozzle flames were found to have lower flame stability, higher temperatures, lower soot concentration, and lower flame radiation than those of the circular nozzle flames. The nitric oxide concentration in the mid-flame region was higher in the elliptic nozzle flame. However, the nitric oxide concentration in the far-nozzle region was not significantly different in the flames of the circular and elliptic nozzles. Flow visualization pictures of the flames in the vicinity of the circular and elliptic nozzles are also presented.
A diketiminate-bound diiron complex with a bridging carbonate ligand (2009)

Reduction of carbon dioxide by a diiron(I) complex gives -carbonato-3 O:O 0 ,O 00 -bis{ [2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-bis(2,4,6triisopropylphenyl)heptane-2,5-diiminate(1)-2 N,N 0 ]iron(II)} toluene disolvate, [Fe 2 (C 41 H 65 N) 2 (CO 3 )]2C 7 H 8 , a diiron(II) species with a bridging carbonate ligand. The asymmetric unit contains one diiron complex and two cocrystallized toluene solvent molecules that are distributed over three sites, one with atoms in general positions and two in crystallographic 1 sites. Both Fe II atoms are 2 -coordinated to diketiminate ligands, but 1 -and 2 -coordinated to the bridging carbonate ligand. Thus, one Fe II center is threecoordinate and the other is four-coordinate. The bridging carbonate ligand is nearly perpendicular to the irondiketiminate plane of the four-coordinate Fe II center and parallel to the plane of the three-coordinate Fe II center.
Synthetic and Natural Iron Chelators: Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Use (2009)

Iron-chelation therapy has its origins in the treatment of iron-overload syndromes. For many years, the standard for this purpose has been deferoxamine. Recently, considerable progress has been made in identifying synthetic chelators with improved pharmacologic properties relative to deferoxamine. Most notable are deferasirox (Exjade(®)) and deferiprone (Ferriprox(®)), which are now available clinically. In addition to treatment of iron overload, there is an emerging role for iron chelators in the treatment of diseases characterized by oxidative stress, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. While iron is not regarded as the underlying cause of these diseases, it does play an important role in disease progression, either through promotion of cellular growth and proliferation or through participation in redox reactions that catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species and increase oxidative stress. Thus, iron chelators may be of therapeutic benefit in many of these conditions. Phytochemicals, many of which bind iron, may also owe some of their beneficial properties to iron chelation. This review will focus on the advances in iron-chelation therapy for the treatment of iron-overload disease and cancer, as well as neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases. Established and novel iron chelators will be discussed, as well as the emerging role of dietary plant polyphenols that effectively modulate iron biochemistry.
Anti‐Human IgE Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Epitopes Related to the Binding Sites of High and Low Affinity IgE Receptors (1994)

Anti-human IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced and eight clones recognizing epitopes on native IgE were selected. Epitopes were mapped by a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and a multi-pin peptide technology. Four sites (one each in the C epsilon 1, C epsilon 2, C epsilon 2/C epsilon 3 junction and C epsilon 3) were recognized by the mAbs. The relationship between the four epitopes and the binding sites of high and low affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilon RI and Fc epsilon RII, respectively) was studied using a monovalent Fab fragment of each mAb as a binding inhibitor. The IgE-Fc epsilon RII binding was clearly inhibited by the mAb recognizing the C epsilon 2/C epsilon 3 junction, suggesting that Fc epsilon RII binds to a rather limited area around the C epsilon 2/C epsilon 3 junction. The IgE-Fc epsilon RI binding, on the other hand, was scarcely inhibited by any single mAb. However, the binding was inhibited when the epitope in C epsilon 2 was blocked simultaneously with that at the C epsilon 2/C epsilon 3 junction or with that in C epsilon 3, indicating that these three distinct epitopes are related to the Fc epsilon RI binding sites. When these three epitopes were shown in the stereograph of human IgE, the Fc epsilon RI binding area was spread largely on the groove side between C epsilon 2 and C epsilon 3 domains. These results suggest that Fc epsilon RI acquires the high affinity through multiple bindings.
Towards a transparent, flexible, scalable and disposable image sensor using thin-film luminescent concentrators (2013)

Most image sensors are planar, opaque, and inflexible. We present a novel image sensor that is based on a luminescent concentrator (LC) film which absorbs light from a specific portion of the spectrum. The absorbed light is re-emitted at a lower frequency and transported to the edges of the LC by total internal reflection. The light transport is measured at the border of the film by line scan cameras. With these measurements, images that are focused onto the LC surface can be reconstructed. Thus, our image sensor is fully transparent, flexible, scalable and, due to its low cost, potentially disposable.
Conditional safety margins for less conservative peak local SAR assessment: A probabilistic approach (2020)

The proposed probabilistic approach for pSAR<sub>10g</sub> correction allows more accurate local SAR assessment with much lower overestimation, while a predefined level of underestimation is accepted (eg, 0.1%).
A Five-Level Common Grounded Boost Inverter Topology with Model Predictive Control For Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Generation (2021)

This paper presents a new common grounded (CG) multilevel boost inverter (MI) topology for single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) applications. The proposed topology has the capability to fully eliminate the leakage currents in PV systems due to the using of the CG connection. Additionally, the proposed topology benefits the high boosting factor capability of the low PV voltage. The proposed topology represents a single stage power conversion system with reduced power components compared to the traditional two-stage PV power conversion systems. In addition, model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed in this paper to control the proposed topology. The proposed controller can control multiple objectives simultaneously without using cascaded controllers. The simulation results with the different case studies are provided. The results confirm the superiority of the proposed CG boost MI topology and the proposed MPC method. Furthermore, fast tracking of the grid active and reactive power demands is achieved using the proposed MPC method.
Curcumin: Synthesis optimization andin silicointeraction with cyclin dependent kinase (2017)

Curcumin is a natural product with enormous biological potential. In this study, curcumin synthesis was revisited using different reaction solvents, a catalyst (n-butylamine) and a water scavenger [(n-BuO)3B], to develop the optimal procedure for its rapid acquisition. During synthesis, solvent choice was found to be an important parameter for better curcumin yield and high purity. In a typical reaction, acetyl acetone was treated with boron trioxide, followed by condensation with vanillin in the presence of tri-n-butyl borate as water scavenger and n-butylamine as catalyst at 80 °C in ethyl acetate to afford curcumin. Moreover, curcumin was also extracted from turmeric powder and spectroscopic properties such as IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR with synthetic curcumin were established to identify any impurity. The purity of synthetic and extracted curcumin was also checked by TLC and HPLC-DAD. To computationally assess its therapeutic potential against cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), curcumin was docked in different isoforms of CDKs. It was observed that it did not dock at the active sites of CDK2 and CDK6. However, it could enter into weak interactions with CDK4 protein.
A new building recognition algorithm from high resolution remote sensing imagery (2011)

The building recognition from high resolution remote sensing images is an internationally advanced research field. But there are still many difficult to be solved. In this paper, in order to extract and recognize the special building from the high resolution remote sensing images, a new algorithm is presented. First, a self-adaptive Average Absolute Difference Maximum edge enhancement algorithm is presented to enhance the edge of the building and suppress the background at one time. Second, the locally self-adaptive segmentation algorithm is implemented to obtain the binary image. Third, the thinning algorithm is implanted to obtain the single pixel edge of the building and a pruning algorithm is necessary in order to reduce the computation times in the following process. The following step is obtained by the Hough transformation to make the edge of the building into polygon. Finally, an Interior angle chain (IAC) is proposed to recognize the building with different shape. The experimental results demonstrate that the new algorithm can extract the special shape building quickly and accurately.
Phase II study of dalantercept, a novel inhibitor of ALK1-mediated angiogenesis, in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (2013)

TPS6098 Background: Despite advances in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), the prognosis remains poor with a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting angiogenesis in SCCHN is an active area of clinical research. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is a type 1 receptor in the TGF-ß superfamily which is selectively expressed on activated endothelial cells. ALK1 binds bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 9 and 10 (ligands for ALK1) and is primarily involved in the maturation stage of angiogenesis. Dalantercept is a human ALK1-Fc receptor fusion protein that binds BMP9/10 and acts as a ligand trap. In preclinical tumor models, dalantercept demonstrated a decrease in tumor vascularization and delayed tumor growth. In a completed phase I study, dalantercept demonstrated anti-tumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors including SCCHN. Methods: An open label, multi-center, multiple dose, phase II study to evaluate dalantercept in patients with advanced SCCHN is ongoing. Dalantercept is being administered every three weeks via SC injection in a total of 45 patients to assess safety, tolerability, and efficacy. 13 patients were enrolled at the 0.6 mg/kg dose level. To date, 6 out of 30 planned patients have received dalantercept at the 1.2 mg/kg dose level. Key inclusion criteria are tumors arising from the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx, at least one prior platinum-containing regimen, ECOG performance status &lt;/= 1, and measurable disease. Exclusion criteria include prior anti-angiogenesis therapy, significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, or bleeding risk. The primary efficacy endpoint is RR. Secondary endpoints include PFS, OS, TTP, DOR, DCR, and PD biomarkers on tumor and serum specimens including BMP9/10 and ALK1 expression. Clinical trial information: NCT01458392.
Diagnostics of DC Plasma Jets Generated with Laval Anodes. (1995)

Plasma jets originating from d.c. torches equipped with Laval nozzles are considered to be more efficient for both vacuum and atmospheric plasma spraying than those generated with the standard cylindrical anodes. The present study is devoted to the measurement of the temperature and velocity fields in plasma jets resulting from three different nozzles: a cylindrical and two Laval anodes with nominal Mach numbers of 2.5 and 3. The enthalpy probe and emission spectroscopy techniques are used for this purpose. Attention is given to the effect of the chamber pressure on the distribution of the temperature and velocity fields. The results show that when Laval nozzles are used at reduced chamber pressure (200 torr), the jets are wider, with higher temperature and velocity values in the central regions, compared to those obtained using cylindrical anodes. These characteristics are expected to improve the results of plasma spraying processes with respect to the layer quality and deposition efficiency.
Magnetic phase transitions in perovskite-type anilinium-based tetrachlorocuprates (1996)

Our research efforts have expanded upon the work previously done on the molecular composites (RNH3)2CuCl4 (R=alkyl-) by utilizing various para-substituted anilines and anilinium derivatives as design tools. The resulting structures have the general formula (RC6H4NH3)xCuCl4 (R=methyl-, fluoro-, O2N-, for x=2; R=H3N-, H3NC6H4- for x=1) and are similar to the aforementioned compounds, consisting of two-dimensional layers of corner-sharing CuCl6 octahedra, resulting in a type of perovskite lattice. Equivalent magnetic sites are eclipsed between layers in the case of a small interleaving organic moiety, such as H3NC6H4NH3, but are otherwise staggered along one or more axes. Powder susceptibility data for representative compounds containing small anilinium derivatives reveal magnetic transitions at temperatures ranging from ∼11.5 to ∼7 K, depending upon the chemical nature of the anilinium substitution and the interlayer spacing.
Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Chitosan from Chitin by Mechanochemistry and Aging (2019)

Chitosan can be obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. This process is however difficult and usually accompanied by depolymerization, affording low molecular weight chitosan. We report a novel path, relying on a combination of mechanochemitry and aging, to afford high molecular weight chitosan with minimal use of energy and solvent. This method is versatile and applicable to a number of chitin sources, including crude crustaceans and insect shells, yielding deacetylation up to 98% and remarkably high molecular weights. Chitin deacetylation was measured by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular weight by viscometry. This process affords chitosan in a safer fashion and with less materials and energy usage than the classic hydrothermal one.
Macromolecular assemblies in reduced gravity environments (1990)

The assembly of protein macro molecules into structures commonly produced within biological systems was achieved using in vitro techniques carried out in nominal as well as reduced gravity environments. Appropriate hardware was designed and fabricated to support such studies. Experimental protocols were matched to the available reduced gravity test opportunities. In evaluations of tubulin, fibrin and collagen assembly products the influence of differing gravity test conditions are apparent. Product homogeneity and organization were characteristic enhancements documented in reduced gravity samples. These differences can be related to the fluid flow conditions that exist during in vitro product formation. Reduced gravity environments may provide a robust opportunity for directing the products formed in a variety of bioprocessing applications.