gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bounds on Query Convergence (2005)

The problem of finding an optimum using noisy evaluations of a smooth cost function arises in many contexts, including economics, business, medicine, experiment design, and foraging theory. We derive an asymptotic bound E[ (x_t - x*)^2 ] &gt;= O(1/sqrt(t)) on the rate of convergence of a sequence (x_0, x_1, &gt;...) generated by an unbiased feedback process observing noisy evaluations of an unknown quadratic function maximised at x*. The bound is tight, as the proof leads to a simple algorithm which meets it. We further establish a bound on the total regret, E[ sum_{i=1..t} (x_i - x*)^2 ] &gt;= O(sqrt(t)) These bounds may impose practical limitations on an agent's performance, as O(eps^-4) queries are made before the queries converge to x* with eps accuracy.
Efficacy and Safety of an In-the-Mouth Bone Conduction Device for Single-Sided Deafness (2011)

The SoundBite system is safe and effective and provides substantial benefit for SSD patients with continual daily use over a 30-day period.
The complexity of mesoporous silica nanomaterials unravelled by single molecule microscopy (2011)

Mesoporous silica nanomaterials are a novel class of materials that offer a highly complex porous network with nanometre-sized channels into which a wide amount of differently sized guests can be incorporated. This makes them an ideal host for various applications for example in catalysis, chromatography and nanomedicine. For these applications, analyzing the host properties and understanding the complicated host-guest interactions is of pivotal importance. In this perspective we review some of our recent work that demonstrates that single molecule microscopy techniques can be utilized to characterize the porous silica host with unprecedented detail. Furthermore, the single molecule studies reveal sample heterogeneities and are a highly efficient tool to gain direct mechanistic insights into the host-guest interactions. Single molecule microscopy thus contributes to a thorough understanding of these nanomaterials enabling the development of novel tailor-made materials and hence optimizing their applicability significantly.
5G support for Industrial IoT Applications— Challenges, Solutions, and Research gaps (2020)

Industrial IoT has special communication requirements, including high reliability, low latency, flexibility, and security. These are instinctively provided by the 5G mobile technology, making it a successful candidate for supporting Industrial IoT (IIoT) scenarios. The aim of this paper is to identify current research challenges and solutions in relation to 5G-enabled Industrial IoT, based on the initial requirements and promises of both domains. The methodology of the paper follows the steps of surveying state-of-the art, comparing results to identify further challenges, and drawing conclusions as lessons learned for each research domain. These areas include IIoT applications and their requirements; mobile edge cloud; back-end performance tuning; network function virtualization; and security, blockchains for IIoT, Artificial Intelligence support for 5G, and private campus networks. Beside surveying the current challenges and solutions, the paper aims to provide meaningful comparisons for each of these areas (in relation to 5G-enabled IIoT) to draw conclusions on current research gaps.
A case of isolated right ventricle metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib (2021)

症例は82歳，男性．2016年8月に初発肝細胞癌に対し拡大肝左葉切除術，2017年4月に残肝の多発再発に対し肝動脈化学塞栓療法，2018年11月に肝内の単発再発に対し経皮的ラジオ波焼灼療法を施行された．しかしその後はPIVKA-IIが経時的に上昇し，2019年10月の心エコー，心臓造影CTにて右心室内に腫瘍を認め，肝細胞癌の右心室転移と診断した．下大静脈や右心房には腫瘍を認めず，肝内再発も認めなかった．同月，レンバチニブの投与を開始し，翌11月の心エコーおよび12月の心臓造影CTでは腫瘍の縮小傾向を認めた．レンバチニブは12カ月間継続し，蛋白尿やAFPの増悪傾向，右心室腫瘍も増大傾向となったためレゴラフェニブに変更し，右心室転移の診断後14カ月の現在も生存中である．肝細胞癌の孤在性心臓転移は極めて稀で，レンバチニブの投与例もこれまで1例のみの報告であるため，貴重な症例と考え報告する．
Physiologically activated phase transition systems for improved ocular retention of ketorolac tromethamine (2012)

In present investigation, novel physiologically activated phase transition systems for Ketorolac Tromethamine was developed. In-situ gelling systems: pH sensitive gel using carbopol 980 and HPMC K100LV, ion sensitive gel using gallan gum and temperature sensitive gel using Poloxamer 407 and Poloxamer 188 were developed. The drug content, content uniformity, pH, optical transmittance, rheological property, bioadhesive strength, in-vitro drug release, ocular irritation and stability study were evaluated. Characterization revealed that gels were conforming to all criteria required for ocular delivery in terms of stability on sterilization, long residence time, non-irritability and sustained drug release without affecting vision. Thus, In-situ gels can be a promising alternative to the prevalent market formulations.
Location-based information fusion for mobile navigation (2011)

Comprehensive yet personalized information for a location is usually desired by mobile users in situ. Traditional navigation systems provide complete static information, such as address, contact, even photos and reviews for a certain place. However, such information does not reflect the real time situation (e.g. popularity/crowdness). Location-based social networks provide opportunity to build social dynamics between the place and potential visitors. In this work, we propose a design by leveraging public online information with users' social network resources to provide real time exploration in novel environments. A mobile application is implemented using Wikipedia, Panoramio, and Foursquare data to provide complete, updated, and trustworthy information. Design highlights and implementation are reported.
Toward the first quantum simulation with quantum speedup (2018)

With quantum computers of significant size now on the horizon, we should understand how to best exploit their initially limited abilities. To this end, we aim to identify a practical problem that is beyond the reach of current classical computers, but that requires the fewest resources for a quantum computer. We consider quantum simulation of spin systems, which could be applied to understand condensed matter phenomena. We synthesize explicit circuits for three leading quantum simulation algorithms, using diverse techniques to tighten error bounds and optimize circuit implementations. Quantum signal processing appears to be preferred among algorithms with rigorous performance guarantees, whereas higher-order product formulas prevail if empirical error estimates suffice. Our circuits are orders of magnitude smaller than those for the simplest classically infeasible instances of factoring and quantum chemistry, bringing practical quantum computation closer to reality.
Dalteparin as an alternative anticoagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass: dose finding study in a Yucatan mini pig model (2002)

s: European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiologists; 17th Annual Meeting; Dublin, Ireland; June 12-15, 2002: Coagulation and Transfusion
Cache, cache everywhere, flushing all hits down the sink: On exclusivity in multilevel, hybrid caches (2013)

Several multilevel storage systems have been designed over the past few years that utilize RAM and flash-based SSDs in concert to cache data resident in HDD-based primary storage. The low cost/GB and non-volatility of SSDs relative to RAM have encouraged storage system designers to adopt inclusivity (between RAM and SSD) in the caching hierarchy. However, in light of recent changes in hardware landscape, we believe that in the future, multilevel caches are invariably going to be hybrid caches where 1) all/most levels are physically collocated 2) the levels differ substantially only with respect to performance and not storage density, and 3) all levels are persistent. In this paper, we will investigate the design tradeoffs involved in building exclusive, persistent, direct-attached, multilevel storage caches. In doing so, we will first present a comparative evaluation of various techniques that have been proposed to achieve exclusivity in distributed storage caches in the context of a direct-attached, hybrid cache, and show the potential performance benefits of maintaining exclusivity. We will then investigate extensions to these demand-based, read-only data caching algorithms in order to address two issues specific to direct-attached hybrid caches, namely, handling writes and managing SSD lifetime.
A Variational Information Bottleneck Method for Network Intrusion Detection (2022)

The increasing application of machine learning to network intrusion detection has shown great successes in the recent years. To reduce the high dimension of captured network records for classifiers to learn efficiently, various feature reduction methods have been proposed. Using the Information Bottleneck framework, a concise and discriminative feature representation can be derived by optimizing an intuition and theoretically grounded objective function. In this paper, we propose a novel Variational Information Bottleneck method for Network Intrusion Detection that can produce high-quality low-dimensional representation to increase the classification accuracy of conventional machine learning classifier. Moreover, the proposed model is shown to achieve promising accuracy scores in comparison to several state-of-the-art anomaly-based IDS, on both the 2-class classification and 5-class classification intrusion detection problem.
OPC model calibration for CPL patterning at extreme low k 1 (2004)

Model based optical proximity correction (OPC) to enhance image fidelity and process robustness has become one of the most critical components that enable the low k<sub>1</sub> optical lithography. To meet the challenges imposed by the previously unthinkable low k<sub>1</sub> for manufacturing with most stringent dimension control requirements, a capable OPC model to meet such an aggressive lithography challenges has been urgently called upon. In addition to providing better accuracy for the currently implemented process technologies, the new OPC model must work well with Chromeless Phase Lithography (CPL) in which the topography on the mask is rather significant, and Double Dipole Lithography (DDL) in which two masks and two exposures are needed. It must also be able to intelligently take into account the effect from the more aggressive illuminations, usch as customer designed illuminator and experimental measured illuminator profile from the scanners. The physical and mathematical foundation of the model must be well thought of to meet the requirements for the above-mentioned applications. We have extended our Eigen Decomposition Model (EDM) for model OPC treatment into the high NA regime, in which the vector characteristics of light and thin film stack are taken into account. For CPL calibration, it has been found that 3D mask topography effect cannot be ignored in order to achieve satisfactory model accuracy.
Creating Smarter Teaching and Training Environments: Innovative Set-Up for Collaborative Hybrid Learning (2016)

This paper brings together previous work from a number of research projects and teaching initiatives in an effort to introduce good practice in setting up supportive environments for collaborative learning. The paper discusses prior use of social media in learning support, the role of dashboards for learning analytics in Global Software Development training, the use of optical head-mounted displays for feedback and the use of NodeXl visualization in managing distributed teams. The scope of the paper is to provide a structured approach in organizing the creation of smarter teaching and training environments and explore ways to coordinate learning scenarios with the use of various techniques. The paper also discusses challenges from integrating multiple innovative features in educational contexts. Finally the paper attempts to investigate the use of smart laboratories in establishing additional learning support and gather primary data from blended and hybrid learning pilot studies.
Figure S1 from Neoadjuvant Interferons: Critical for Effective PD-1–Based Immunotherapy in TNBC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Varying doses of IFN treatment and PD-L1/IFNAR expression&lt;/p&gt;
T-NOVA: A marketplace for virtualized network functions (2014)

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a concept, which has attracted significant attention as a promising approach towards the virtualization/“softwarisation” of network infrastructures. With the aim of promoting NFV, this paper outlines an integrated architecture, designed and developed within the context of the EU FP7 T-NOVA project, which allows network operators not only to deploy virtualized Network Functions (NFs) for their own needs, but also to offer them to their customers, as value-added services (Network Functions as-a-Service, NFaaS). Virtual network appliances (gateways, proxies, firewalls, transcoders, analyzers etc.) can be provided on-demand as-a-Service, eliminating the need to acquire, install and maintain specialized hardware at customers' premises. A “NFV Marketplace” is also introduced, where network services and functions created by a variety of developers can be published, acquired and instantiated on-demand.
Photopyroelectric thermal wave detection via contactless capacitive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-metal probe-tip coupling (1989)

In the past, thin-film photopyroelectric detectors have provided a simple means of measuring thermal properties of solid samples. This article presents a theoretical model and experimental results demonstrating a new contactless capacitively coupled photopyroelectric detection technique. The photopyroelectric (P2E) effect with contactless capacitance PVDF-metal probe-tip coupling was demonstrated and used to obtain thermal information from a solid. Due to the small diameter of the probe, the local values of the thermal wave field in the solid were measured. The modulated photothermal source on the surface of the sample induces an oscillating temperature field in the pyroelectric material, which produces a displacement current proportional to the temperature change. The metalized surface of the pyroelectric thin film and a metal tip electrode facing the opposite unmetalized surface form a capacitor which is charged at the same frequency as the modulated light beam. The oscillating capacitive voltage provides a noncontact mechanism to extract photothermal information, since the electric field generated in the capacitor does not require plate contact with the PVDF element.
Differences between normal and milk allergic subjects in their immune responses after milk ingestion. (1983)

In order to understand why non-atopic people do not have adverse symptoms to food antigens which enter the circulation after eating, 8 non-atopic and 10 atopic eczema- and milk-allergic subjects were challenged with milk, and the types of circulating immune complexes formed were analysed. Although the amount of beta-lactoglobulin incorporated into complexes did not differ statistically between the groups, the type of immune complex did. Of the non-atopic individuals, 5 formed IgA and 2 IgG complexes. Of the milk-allergic group, all showed a rise in at least one type; 5 formed IgA, 7 IgG, 6 IgE, and 6 formed C1q-binding complexes. Our data suggest that serum IgA is concerned in safe food antigen handling in non-atopic people, and that the differences in the type of immune complexes formed in response to antigen challenge may underlie the systemic symptoms of food allergy.
Role of diacylglycerol activation of PKCθ in lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance in humans (2014)

Muscle insulin resistance is a key feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes and is strongly associated with increased intramyocellular lipid content and inflammation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for causing muscle insulin resistance in humans are still unclear. To address this question, we performed serial muscle biopsies in healthy, lean subjects before and during a lipid infusion to induce acute muscle insulin resistance and assessed lipid and inflammatory parameters that have been previously implicated in causing muscle insulin resistance. We found that acute induction of muscle insulin resistance was associated with a transient increase in total and cytosolic diacylglycerol (DAG) content that was temporally associated with protein kinase (PKC)θ activation, increased insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 serine 1101 phosphorylation, and inhibition of insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and AKT2 phosphorylation. In contrast, there were no associations between insulin resistance and alterations in muscle ceramide, acylcarnitine content, or adipocytokines (interleukin-6, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4) or soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Similar associations between muscle DAG content, PKCθ activation, and muscle insulin resistance were observed in healthy insulin-resistant obese subjects and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Taken together, these data support a key role for DAG activation of PKCθ in the pathogenesis of lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals.
Microsomal enzyme inducers and hypervitaminosis A in rats. (1976)

Pretreatment of rats with pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) completely prevented the osseous lesions produced by vitamin A overdosage, whereas pretreatment with phenobarbital or with phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) provided only partial prophylaxis. These microsomal enzyme inducers also decreased vitamin A concentration in the liver and seemed to protect against hypervitaminosis A by enhancing the metabolism of the vitamin. Electron microscopy of the liver showed large, vitamin A-storing perisinusoidal cells. The number, size, and lipid content of these cells were decreased in rats treated simultaneously with vitamin A and PCN, but not in rats pretreated with phenobarbital or phenytoin. Vitamin A, given alone, produced moderate accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in hepatocytes, without accelerating microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity; phenobarbital, phenytoin, and PCN also elicited SER accumulation, particularly when administered with vitamin A.
Conduction-band offset and differential-conductance studies of a 20 nm wide, In0.53Ga0.47As/InP, single-barrier structure (1990)

The authors report here a study of the conduction-band offset and differential conductance of a 20 nm wide, In0.53Ga0.47As/InP, single-barrier structure grown by atmospheric-pressure MOCVD. For processed samples with 50 or 100 mu m diameter mesas, comparison between experiment and numerical calculations shows that the conductance at 77 K, normalised with respect to the mesa area, is governed by the intrinsic thermionic emission and normal tunnelling transport mechanisms. The conduction-band offset for these samples is measured to be 180-190 meV. For processed samples with mesa diameters greater than about 50 or 100 mu m, the normalised conductance at zero bias is enhanced by several orders of magnitude compared with that of the smaller, well behaved mesas. This is attributed to parallel conduction via structural defects such as pin-holes or point/extended defects within the barrier which are spatially distributed on the scale of 50-100 mu m.
Trophic Effects by Epidermal Growth Factor on Duodenal Mucosa and Exocrine Pancreas in Rats (1997)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent growth factor with possible implications on the regulation of pancreatic secretion and duodenal absorption but also on pancreatic tumor growth. In the present study the growth effect on duodenal mucosa and pancreas by a 14-day continuous infusion of three different doses of EGF (4, 30 and 60 micrograms EGF/kg/24 h) was studied in rats. The EGF content in duodenal mucosa and pancreatic tissue was significantly increased by 30 and 60 micrograms/kg/24 h of EGF while plasma levels were only marginally increased. Neither duodenal mucosal nor pancreatic weights were changed but DNA content in both tissues was increased with the higher EGF doses. Long-term EGF infusion has moderate trophic effect on duodenal mucosa and the pancreas. There is a high tissue uptake of EGF, specially in duodenal mucosa. The hyperplasia seems to be related to tissue levels of EGF but not to plasma levels.
Structured Equilibria for Dynamic Games with Asymmetric Information and Dependent Types (2020)

We consider a dynamic game with asymmetric information where each player observes privately a noisy version of a (hidden) state of the world V, resulting in dependent private observations. We study structured perfect Bayesian equilibria that use private beliefs in their strategies as sufficient statistics for summarizing their observation history. The main difficulty in finding the appropriate sufficient statistic (state) for the structured strategies arises from the fact that players need to construct (private) beliefs on other players' private beliefs on V, which in turn would imply that an infinite hierarchy of beliefs on beliefs needs to be constructed, rendering the problem unsolvable. We show that this is not the case: each player's belief on other players' beliefs on V can be characterized by her own belief on V and some appropriately defined public belief. We then specialize this setting to the case of a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) non-zero-sum game and we characterize linear structured PBE that can be found through a backward/forward algorithm akin to dynamic programming for the standard LQG control problem. Unlike the standard LQG problem, however, some of the required quantities for the Kalman filter are observation-dependent and thus cannot be evaluated off-line through a forward recursion.
QueryVOWL: Visual Composition of SPARQL Queries (2015)

In order to make SPARQL queries more accessible to users, we have developed the visual query language QueryVOWL. It defines SPARQL mappings for graphical elements of the ontology visualization VOWL. In this demo, we present a web-based prototype that supports the creation, modification, and evaluation of QueryVOWL graphs. Based on the selected SPARQL endpoint, it provides suggestions for extending the query, and retrieves IRIs and literals according to the selections in the QueryVOWL graph. In contrast to related work, SPARQL queries can be created entirely with visual elements.
Using convolutional neural networks incorporating hierarchical active learning for target-searching in large-scale remote sensing images (2020)

Satellite images are important information sources of the earth environment. Automatic classification of satellite images has always been an important research topic. With the recent advancement of deep learning, the convolutional neural network (CNN) approach has shown great potential in object detection in high resolution images. However, insufficient labelled samples and constrained input image sizes have limited the wide application of CNN for remote sensing. In this study, the Hierarchical Active Learning (HAL) framework is proposed by incorporating transfer learning, tile map service (TMS), and active learning to enable effective scene classification with very few manually labelled samples. A case study of vehicle detection with HAL has been conducted and shows that HAL can achieve the accuracy of more than 80% with only 50 training samples for a large area. Moreover, its ability to extend to incorporation of different TMS image sources and CNN models makes it useful for various object detection tasks.