gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hypervalent Iodide‐Initiated Fragment Coupling Cascade of N‐Allylhydrazones (2011)

Highway zum Hydrazon: Eine durch hypervalentes Iodid ausgelöste Reaktionskaskade ermöglicht die rasche Kupplung eines Aldehyds mit einem allylischen Hydrazid und einem Alkohol (siehe Schema). Die Reaktion liefert ein breites Spektrum funktionalisierter Ether und richtet zudem eine stereodefinierte Alkengruppe und zwei neue vicinale Stereozentren ein. Die Verwendung chiraler nichtracemischer Hydrazine und Alkohole bietet einen raschen Zugang zu komplexen „naturstoffartigen“ Strukturen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tissue Uptake Study and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma‐Bearing Mice with a Nontoxic, Effective Chlorin (2011)

Chlorins have intense red absorptions and high tumor affinities that make them interesting candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. This paper reports cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, in vitro cellular uptake, and in vivo biodistribution and PDT efficacy of a synthetic chlorin derivative (TCPCSO₃H) towards Cloudman melanoma cells (S91). No cytotoxic effects were observed in vitro at concentrations up to 20 μm, and no toxicity was observed in vivo in DBA mice with doses up to 2 mg kg⁻¹. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TCPCSO₃H were evaluated in vivo in DBA mice bearing S91 tumors. TCPCSO₃H demonstrated preferential accumulation in S91 mouse melanoma, with tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of 5 and 11 for muscle and skin, respectively, 24 h after intravenous injection of 2 mg kg⁻¹. Photodynamic therapy performed under these conditions with 70 mW cm⁻² diode laser irradiation at 655 nm for 25 min (total light dose=105 J cm⁻²) resulted in scab formation, followed by temporary or permanent (>60 days) tumor remission. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the median survival time of the control group was 9 days, whereas that of the treated group was 38 days.
An overview of dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments along the west coast of India (2011)

difference may be attributed to the composition of sediment, since sandy stations had lower abundance and diversity of cysts. Heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts, mainly Protoperidinium species, were the most diversified, predominating at most of the stations sampled. Cysts of potential Harmtul Algal Bloom (HAB) species capable of forming blooms were also detected in the sediment. Effect of the environmental settings of the study area such as upwelling, South West monsoon and anthropogenic pressures on the dynamics of these HAB species in Indian waters needs to be elucidated.
Assessing inhibitors of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase using a suite of pre-clinical discovery assays (2020)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key metabolic enzymes that are mutated in a variety of cancers to confer a gain-of-function activity resulting in the accumulation and secretion of an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Accumulation of 2-HG can result in epigenetic dysregulation and a block in cellular differentiation, suggesting these mutations play a role in neoplasia. Based on its potential as a cancer target, a number of small molecule inhibitors have been developed to specifically inhibit mutant forms of IDH (mIDH1 and mIDH2). Here, a panel of mIDH inhibitors were systematically profiled using biochemical, cell-based, and tier-one ADME techniques. We quantified the biochemical effect of each inhibitor on mIDH1 (R132H and R132C) and mIDH2 (R172Q). The effect of these inhibitors on 2-HG concentrations in seven cell lines representing five different IDH1 mutations in both 2D and 3D cell cultures was assessed. Target engagement of these inhibitors was analyzed utilizing cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA), the effects of inhibitors on reversing 2- HG-induced block on leukemic cellular differentiation. We conclude from our mIDH1 assay panel that AG-120 and a Novartis inhibitor exhibited excellent activity in all biochemical and most cellular assays. While AG-120 has superior DMPK properties, it lacks efficacy a leukemic differentiation model. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive suite of in vitro preclinical drug development assays that can be used as a tool-box to identify lead compounds for mIDH drug discovery programs, as well as what we believe is the most comprehensive publically available dataset on the top mIDH inhibitors.
Improvements in ocean surface radar applications through real-time data quality-control (2015)

Ocean surface current data provided by shore-based high frequency (HF) radar show sporadically non-realistic current vectors in some areas, particularly at the outer edges of the radar range. However, it is important to always provide data which is reliable to the end-users, as applications based upon the usage of measured data may be affected if the quality of the data is not adequate. Furthermore, in the case of time sensitive applications, quality control (QC) needs to be performed immediately on each data set when available. The paper briefly reviews the QC procedure which evaluates the current velocity data of the WERA array-type HF radar in near real-time and assigns a quality value on every single grid-cell measurement. Results on evaluating such method on a pair of WERAs of the University of South Florida are summarized. It is also demonstrated how the quality values obtained really reflect the quality of the measurements in comparison to an in-situ instrument (ADCP). A discussion on how different applications of HF radar - such as automatic warnings, drift estimation, forecast and prediction products, visualization features - may benefit from real-time quality control is included.
Advanced software for the calculation of thermochemistry, kinetics, and dynamics (2005)

Recent results are presented for the efficient computation of matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector equations, the fitting of discrete sets of energy points using interpolating moving least squares methods, and time-dependent and time-independent calculations of molecular dynamics and cumulative reaction probabilities.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF VARIOUS PHTHALANILIDE DERIVATIVES BY CROSS-RESISTANCE AND TISSUE CULTURE. (1963)

In lines of leukemias P815 and P388 resistance has been developed to three Wander derivatives of different structures. Cross-resistance between the various members of this series has been studied. The lack of cross-resistance between certain of these derivatives suggests different mechanisms of action.

In tissue culture with cells of leukemia P815Y there appears to be reasonably good correlation between in vivo and in vitro antileukemic activity. The Wander compounds so far studied are absorbed rapidly by the cells, but it takes 48–72 hours for the inhibitory effect to become evident. This technic would appear useful for screening and studying mechanisms of action of the Wander compounds.
Verifying trace inclusion between an experimental frame and a model (2010)

The concept of experimental frame is employed to define circumstances under which a model is simulated and observed. Verifying the applicability of an experimental frame to a model is a key step to ensure that the intended purpose of a simulation can be achieved. We assume that the specification of an experimental frame and a model are two software components in the formal sense. This paper suggests a component-based approach to build the right simulation used for system models verification and validation. We use Input/Output automata for components' behaviour specification. Behavioural signature is employed to specify the experimental frame and model capabilities. Then we formally define applicability conditions with matching rules to verify the trace inclusion between an experimental frame and a model. This approach is illustrated with an application study of an intelligent cruise controller.
Fast crash recovery in distributed file systems (1995)

This thesis presents fast crash recovery: a simple, efficient, and inexpensive method for increasing availability in distributed systems. In fast crash recovery we assume that critical resources will fail, and we do not attempt to mask the failures with redundant hardware or software. Instead, we design the system to recover so quickly that there is little downtime. This approach is intended for environments that can tolerate occasional failures and cannot afford the cost and overhead of redundant resources. &lt;p&gt;In particular, I focus on fast recovery of distributed state. An example of distributed state is the file caching information maintained by servers in most modern file systems. This information describes the state of file caches on client workstations. After a crash, a server must recover this information in order to guarantee the consistency of the caches. Unfortunately, distributed state recovery can be slow and complex. The techniques I have developed reduce state recovery from several minutes to under six seconds for a Sprite file server with 40 clients. &lt;p&gt;This thesis evaluates three distributed state recovery techniques based on their speed, complexity, and performance overhead. In client-driven recovery clients send their state information to the server after a crash. The server uses this information to regenerate its copy of the distributed state. Server-driven recovery is a modification of client-driven recovery that is faster and eliminates cache inconsistencies that can arise during client-driven recovery. The fastest technique is transparent recovery, so-called because client workstations do not communicate with the server during recovery. Instead, the server stores its distributed state in a protected area of its own main memory called the recovery box. The interface to the recovery box helps detect and prevent corruption of this state information. &lt;p&gt;To achieve fast overall recovery times, we must also recover other parts of the system quickly. For example, we can eliminate a lengthy file system consistency check by using a log-structured file system that recovers in seconds. By combining the improvements described in this thesis, a Sprite file server can reboot in under 30 seconds. This is two orders of magnitude faster than most modern file systems recover. &lt;p&gt;In addition to evaluating distributed state recovery techniques, this thesis presents some overall guidelines for designing distributed systems that will recover quickly from crashes
Anterior horn atrophy in the cervical spinal cord: A new biomarker in progressive multiple sclerosis (2022)

MS patients show clinically relevant cervical SCAH atrophy, which is more pronounced in PMS and at the level of cervical SC enlargement.
Properties of nanocrystalline Ni-Fe-Ti alloys (2013)

The phenomena of reduction in phase transition temperature of Ni-Cu-Al alloys with reduction in grain size is also visible in Ni-Fe-Ti nanostructures, has been studied in the present paper. This phenomena is attributed to reduction of effective number of spins per grain upon nanostructure formation and associated change in the type of crystalline phase.
Chemically Modified Superhydrophobic WOx Nanowire Arrays and UV Photopatterning (2010)

A facile route is reported for the fabrication of superhydrophobic tungsten oxide (WO(x)) nanowire surfaces through the chemical adsorption of alkyltrichlorosilane with a static water contact angle (CA) of 163.5 degrees. It is confirmed that CAs on the superhydrophobic surface decreased gradually under UV illumination because of the UV-assisted decomposition of alkyltrichlorosilane chemically adsorbed onto the surface. Superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic switching is also demonstrated by alternating self-assembled monolayer deposition and UV irradiation on the photopatterned nanowire surfaces. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic surface could be transformed selectively into a hydrophilic state by simply exposing the surface to UV through a shadow mask. These studies provide a relatively simple strategy for the design of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using Bat Algorithm (2018)

The vibrant, noiseless, and low-maintenance characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems make them one of the fast-growing technologies in the modern era. This on-demand source of energy suffers from low-output efficiency compared with other alternatives. Given that PV systems must be installed in outdoor spaces, their efficiency is significantly affected by the inevitable complication called partial shading (PS). Partial shading occurs when different sections of the solar array are subjected to different levels of solar irradiance, which then leads to a multiple-peak function in the output characteristics of the system. Conventional tracking techniques, along with some nascent/novel approaches used for the tracking maximum power point (MPP), are unsatisfactory when subjected to PS, eventually leading to the reduced efficiency of the PV system. This study aims at investigating the use of the bat algorithm (BA), a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for MPP tracking (MPPT) subjected to PS conditions. A brief explanation of the behavior of the PV system under the PS condition and the advantages of using BA for estimating the MPPT of the PV system under PS condition is discussed. The deployment of the BA for the MPPT in PV systems is then explained in detail highlighting the simulation results which verifies whether the proposed method is faster, more efficient, sustainable and more reliable than conventional and other soft computing-based methods. Three testing conditions are considered in the simulation, and the results indicate that the proposed technique has high efficiency and reliability even when subjected to an acute shading condition.
Fabrication and mechanical property of carbon nanotube/metal composites (2010)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, the highest Young modulus etc. These, combining with their large aspect ratio, make CNTs an excellent additive candidate to complement or substitute traditional carbon black or glass fiber fillers for the development of nano-reinforced composites. CNTs have thus far been used as additives in polymers, ceramics and metals to be pursued on practical applications of their composites.
CW high intensity non-scaling FFAG proton drivers (2012)

Accelerators are playing increasingly important roles in basic science, technology, and medicine including nuclear power, industrial irradiation, material science, and neutrino production. Proton and light-ion accelerators in particular have many research, energy and medical applications, providing one of the most effective treatments for many types of cancer. Ultra high-intensity and high-energy (GeV) proton drivers are a critical technology for accelerator-driven sub-critical reactors (ADS) and many HEP programs (Muon Collider). These high-intensity GeV-range proton drivers are particularly challenging, encountering duty cycle and space-charge limits in the synchrotron and machine size concerns in the weaker-focusing cyclotrons; a 10-20 MW proton driver is not presently considered technically achievable with conventional re-circulating accelerators. One, as-yet, unexplored re-circulating accelerator, the Fixed-field Alternating Gradient, or FFAG, is an attractive alternative to the cyclotron. Its strong focusing optics are expected to mitigate space charge effects, and a recent innovation in design has coupled stable tunes with isochronous orbits, making the FFAG capable of fixed-frequency, CW acceleration, as in the classical cyclotron. This paper reports on these new advances in FFAG accelerator technology and references advanced modeling tools for fixed-field accelerators developed for and unique to the code COSY INFINITY.
Applicable ultrafast all-optical switching by soliton self-trapping in high index contrast dual-core fibre (2020)

Abstract The improvement potential of ultrafast all-optical switching by soliton self-trapping, using all-solid dual-core fibres with high index contrast, was analyzed numerically. The study of the femtosecond nonlinear propagation was performed based on coupled generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equations considering three fibre architectures: homogeneous cladding all-solid, photonic crystal air-glass, and photonic crystal all-solid. The structural geometries of all three architectures were optimised in order to support high-contrast switching performance in the C-band, considering pulse widths at the 100 fs level. Comparing the three structural alternatives, the lowest switching energies at common excitation parameters (1700 nm and 70 fs pulses) were predicted for the homogeneous cladding dual-core structure. Further optimization of the excitation wavelength and pulse width resulted in lower switching energies and simultaneous improvement of the switching contrasts at the combination of 1500 nm, 75 fs pulses and a fibre length of 43 mm. The spectral aspect in this optimised case expresses a broadband and uniform switching character with a span of over 200 nm and a contrast exceeding 30 dB at more frequency channels.
The Effort—Outcome Gap: Differences for African American and Hispanic Community College Students in Student Engagement and Academic Achievement (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsThomas G. GreeneThomas G. Greene is Associate Vice-President of Enrollment & Student Services at Sacramento City College. C. Nathan Marti is Associate Director of Research and Data Analysis at the Community College Survey of Student Engagement. Kay McClenney, a Sid W. Richardson Endowed Fellow, is Director of the Community College Survey of Student Engagement at the Community College Leadership Program, the University of Texas at Austin.C. Nathan MartiThomas G. Greene is Associate Vice-President of Enrollment & Student Services at Sacramento City College. C. Nathan Marti is Associate Director of Research and Data Analysis at the Community College Survey of Student Engagement. Kay McClenney, a Sid W. Richardson Endowed Fellow, is Director of the Community College Survey of Student Engagement at the Community College Leadership Program, the University of Texas at Austin.Kay McClenneyThomas G. Greene is Associate Vice-President of Enrollment & Student Services at Sacramento City College. C. Nathan Marti is Associate Director of Research and Data Analysis at the Community College Survey of Student Engagement. Kay McClenney, a Sid W. Richardson Endowed Fellow, is Director of the Community College Survey of Student Engagement at the Community College Leadership Program, the University of Texas at Austin.
Accurate and stable vision in robot soccer (2005)

Robot soccer requires vision to be fast, robust and accurate to capture environment situation. In this paper a new method to improve accuracy and stability of vision system in robot soccer is presented. The main topics are camera calibration and robot localization with colored patterns. The lens distortion is successfully compensated and image coordinates is correctly projected to real field, thus achieving a more accurate estimation of object detection. Stability of the position and orientation of a robot is significantly improved with well-chosen colored patterns. Both simulation and experiment results show that our method performs well to provide accurate and stable vision in robot soccer.
WEAR OF RETRIEVED HIGH-DOSE CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE SOCKETS IN LONG-TERM CLINICAL USE (2004)

Introduction: In 1970’s, Oonishi et al found out that the polyethylene cross-linked by gamma-ray irradiation (dose=100Mrad) had high wear performance, and then clinically used it as the material for acetabular sockets. He has reported excellent outcomes. In this study, we measured the wear three-dimensionally, and the oxidation by microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry in retrieved high-dose cross-linked polyethylene [100Mrad PE] sockets implanted over 25 years.

Materials and methods: We revised two 100Mrad PE sockets (SOM type manufactured by Mizuho medical (JAPAN)), due to aseptic loosening, which had been implanted for 27 years approximately. The liner and volumetric wear were measured as previously reported [[1][1]]. Measuring points for oxidation index were (1) near surface point in unworn area, (2) near surface point in worn area, and (3) inner area which left any surface by >=2.5mm.

Results and discussion: The liner wears were 0.06mm and 0.29mm respectively. The volumetric wears were 25.8mm3 and 91.8mm3. The liner-wear rate of them were 0.002mm/year and 0.010 mm/year. The oxide index of each socket was 0.75, 0.62, 0.25 and 1.73, 0.67, 0.28, in order of the unworn area, the worn area and the inner area. Many researchers have reported that the annual liner-wear rate of UHMWPE sockets is from 0.1 to 0.2mm/year. We showed extremely less wear rate of the 100 Mrad PE sockets in comparison with UHMWPE sockets. Oxidation index in the worn area was approximately the same as that of UHMWPE sockets, which were determined in our previous study [[2][2]]. These results showed that 100Mrad PE sockets had maintained the high performance to the wear for long-term clinical use.

 [1]: #ref-1
 [2]: #ref-2
Effect of out-of-village working activities on recent malaria exposure in the Peruvian Amazon using parametric g-formula (2022)

In the Amazon Region of Peru, occupational activities are important drivers of human mobility and may increase the individual risk of being infected while contributing to increasing malaria community-level transmission. Even though out-of-village working activities and other mobility patterns have been identified as determinants of malaria transmission, no studies have quantified the effect of out-of-village working activities on recent malaria exposure and proposed plausible intervention scenarios. Using two population-based cross-sectional studies in the Loreto Department in Peru, and the parametric g-formula method, we simulated various hypothetical scenarios intervening in out-of-village working activities to reflect their potential health benefits. This study estimated that the standardized mean outcome (malaria seroprevalence) in the unexposed population (no out-of-village workers) was 44.6% (95% CI: 41.7%-47.5%) and 66.7% (95% CI: 61.6%-71.8%) in the exposed population resulting in a risk difference of 22.1% (95% CI: 16.3%-27.9%). However, heterogeneous patterns in the effects of interest were observed between peri-urban and rural areas (Cochran's Q test = 15.5, p < 0.001). Heterogeneous patterns were also observed in scenarios of increased prevalence of out-of-village working activities and restriction scenarios by gender (male vs. female) and age (18 and under vs. 19 and older) that inform possible occupational interventions targetting population subgroups. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that targeting out-of-village workers will considerably benefit current malaria elimination strategies in the Amazon Region. Particularly, males and adult populations that carried out out-of-village working activities in rural areas contribute the most to the malaria seropositivity (recent exposure to the parasite) in the Peruvian Amazon.