gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in Preference and Preparation of Millet Porridge (Tô) between Urban and Rural Areas in Mali and its Impact on Satiety (2015)

Changes in lifestyle factors have influenced the dietary habits and food preferences of the Malian populace. The objective of this study was to identify food preparation differences and preferences of millet porridges between urban and rural populations, and food preparation influence on satiety. Semi‐structured interviews and questionnaires were utilized to collect data at six different locations (n=20) (3 urban and 3 rural, paired to regions). Porridge frequency consumption, awareness of porridge thicknesses, thickness preference, ability to prepare porridge, cereal usage type and preference for preparation, and reasons for this preference were evaluated. Further, a human feeding trial using a crossover design (n=10) was conducted to determine the effect of millet porridge thickness and energy density (kcal/g) on satiety, using rice as a control. Hunger rating was monitored at 2 and 4 h after porridge consumption. Thicker porridges were consumed more frequently in rural than in urban areas (P&lt; 0.05). Thicker porridges were more satiating than thinner ones at 2 and 4 h after consumption (P&lt; 0.05). High energy density and highly viscous porridges, and not volume, were correlated to longer satiety. Our study shows that Malian rural subjects prefer thicker porridges and that porridge thickness creates a more satiating product. Moreover, since urban subjects tend to prefer porridges that are less satiating, such food preferences might contribute to higher food consumption and the growing prevalence of obesity in African urban centers.
How ethnicity modifies systemic activity of primary Sjögren syndrome : analysis of baseline ESSDAI scores in a multi-ethnic international cohort (2018)

How ethnicity modifies systemic activity of primary Sjogren syndrome : analysis of baseline ESSDAI scores in a multi-ethnic international cohort
Worm melt fracture and fast die build-up at high shear rates in extrusion blow molding of large drums (2017)

In the extrusion blow molding process of high density polyethylene (HDPE) for making of large size drums, string-like defects, which are referred to as worm melt fracture in the industry, are often observed on the extrudate surface. Such string-like defects in various shapes and sizes are observed in capillary extrusion at very high shear rates after the slip-stick transition. The HDPE resin with broader molecular weight distribution (MWD) exhibits a greater degree of worm melt fracture while the narrow MWD PE resin, which has higher slip velocity and a uniform slip layer, shows a lesser degree of worm melt fracture. It is hypothesized that the worm melt fracture is related to fast die build-up and cohesive slip layer, a failure within the polymer melts at an internal surface. If the cohesive slip layer at an internal surface emerges out from the die, it can be attached on the surface of extrudate as string-like defects, the worm melt fracture. The resin having more small chains and lower plateau modulus can be easier to have such an internal failure and consequently exhibit more “worm” defects.
Why fund heritage? The role of research in the Heritage Lottery Fund (2004)

The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) distributes money from the National Lottery to heritage. Since 1995 the HLF has given some £3 billion to 15,000 projects. As a small organization with a relatively large remit, applied research has been critical to the work of the HLF, helping it set priorities, make decisions and evaluate its programmes. Key research issues include: defining the needs of the heritage, the best means of evaluating projects and programmes, and capturing the economic and social benefits of heritage. Young people can be a difficult audience for heritage funders to reach, and it is shown how evaluation informed a dedicated new programme. The example of its support of parks shows how a need identified through research became a priority for the HLF, and has since been taken up by government. Finally, the HLF has developed a distinctive approach based on a very open concept of what heritage is and means to people. Research into public attitudes to heritage has been central to this. The Lottery will be reviewed in the lead up to the licence review in 2009 and inevitably questions will be asked about the future of funding. In another context, the Secretary of State has asked how it is possible to capture the value of culture. In common with organizations who deal with sports, art and culture, the HLF needs to capture the benefits of funding in a way that makes sense to both politicians and the public. Doing this depends upon robust research.
Achondroplasia is defined by recurrent G380R mutations of FGFR3. (1995)

Genomic DNA from 154 unrelated individuals with achondroplasia was evaluated for mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane domain. All but one, an atypical case, were found to have a glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 380. Of these, 150 had a G-to-A transition at nt 1138, and 3 had a G-to-C transversion at this same position. On the basis of estimates of the prevalence of achondroplasia, the mutation rate at the FGFR3 1138 guanosine nucleotide is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that previously reported for tranversions and transitions in CpG dinucleotides. To date, this represents the most mutable single nucleotide reported in the human genome. The homogeneity of mutations in achondroplasia is unprecedented for an autosomal dominant disorder and may explain the relative lack of heterogeneity in the achondroplasia phenotype.
Linkage Disequilibrium with Linkage Analysis of Multiline Crosses Reveals Different Multiallelic QTL for Hybrid Performance in the Flint and Dent Heterotic Groups of Maize (2014)

Multiparental designs combined with dense genotyping of parents have been proposed as a way to increase the diversity and resolution of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies, using methods combining linkage disequilibrium information with linkage analysis (LDLA). Two new nested association mapping designs adapted to European conditions were derived from the complementary dent and flint heterotic groups of maize (Zea mays L.). Ten biparental dent families (N = 841) and 11 biparental flint families (N = 811) were genotyped with 56,110 single nucleotide polymorphism markers and evaluated as test crosses with the central line of the reciprocal design for biomass yield, plant height, and precocity. Alleles at candidate QTL were defined as (i) parental alleles, (ii) haplotypic identity by descent, and (iii) single-marker groupings. Between five and 16 QTL were detected depending on the model, trait, and genetic group considered. In the flint design, a major QTL (R(2) = 27%) with pleiotropic effects was detected on chromosome 10, whereas other QTL displayed milder effects (R(2) < 10%). On average, the LDLA models detected more QTL but generally explained lower percentages of variance, consistent with the fact that most QTL display complex allelic series. Only 15% of the QTL were common to the two designs. A joint analysis of the two designs detected between 15 and 21 QTL for the five traits. Of these, between 27 for silking date and 41% for tasseling date were significant in both groups. Favorable allelic effects detected in both groups open perspectives for improving biomass production.
Criterios dermatoscópicos para el diagnóstico del melanoma Dermoscopic Criteria in the Diagnosis of Melanoma (2004)

Summary The incidence of malignant melanoma has increased dramatically in most parts of the world over the past few decades. The clinical accuracy of diagnosing malignant melanomas is estimated to be about 75-80% for dermatologists and because the prognosis of melanoma depends almost entirely on tumor thickness, early detection of correspondingly thin melanomas is extremely important for the survival of patients. Dermoscopy or Epiluminiscence microscopy is an in vivo, non-invasive technique that has disclosed a new dimension of clinical morphology in pigmented skin lesions. This technique allows a better visualization of structures within the epidermis, the derma-epidermal junction and the superficial dermis. Previous studies have demonstrated that use of dermoscopy improves the clinical accuracy in diagnosing melanoma. The purpose of this revision is to describe the dermoscopic parameters and patterns associated with melanomas and the diagnostic algorithms that have been introduced with the aim to simplificate the diagnosis of melanoma.
Modulation of learning processes by ionotropic glutamate receptor ligands (1995)

A great body of evidence has been provided for the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in learning processes, since the pioneering work of Morris et al. (1986) showing impairment of water maze learning and long-term potentiation (LTP) during i.c.v. infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonst 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5). The existing literature, based on pharmacological studies, suggests the importance of NMDA receptors for the acquisition and/or the initial phase of long-term memory consolidation in many, but not all, learning paradigms. Data on short-term memory are inconsistent, probably due to difficulties in separation of learning deficits from performance. Although it is generally accepted that NMDA receptor antagonists impair learning, more recent data suggest that, under certain conditions, the opposite effect, enhancement of learning, can be obtained. The role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in learning, although accepted in LTP, is less well documented. It has been suggested that positive modulation of these receptors could result in cognitive enhancement that might find therapeutic application. The present paper reviews the literature dealing with these issues and discusses possible consequences for the therapy of dementia.
Low gallium‐content, dysprosium III ‐doped, Ge–As–Ga–Se chalcogenide glasses for active mid‐infrared fiber optics (2018)

Abstract A systematic investigation is presented, for the first time, of a 1000 ppmw (parts per million, by weight) Dy 3+ ‐doped Ge–As–Ga–Se chalcogenide glass series, with a fixed low Ga content of 1 atomic% (at. %), suitable for active mid‐infrared fiber optics. Seven glasses constitute the series, which have increasing average coordination number from 2.49 to 2.61, in steps of 0.02, with the GeSe 2 , As 2 Se 3 , and Ga 2 Se 3 stoichiometries kept. Glass formation is confirmed using X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is reported for the series. Parallel plate viscometry enables prediction of fiber‐drawing temperatures and, with differential thermal analysis, determines the potential for fiber fabrication. X‐ray diffraction of samples after parallel‐plate viscometry shows that Ge 25 As 9 Ga 1 Se 65 (at. %) alone, in the glass‐series, devitrifies to form the single‐crystalline phase: monoclinic‐GeSe 2 ; scanning electron microscope imaging suggests that this phase is both surface and bulk grown. Overall, the recommended host glass at. % compositions for doping with rare‐earth ions and drawing to active mid‐infrared fiber are: Ge 17.5 As 18 Ga 1 Se 63.5 , Ge 15 As 21 Ga 1 Se 63 , and Ge 12.5 As 24 Ga 1 Se 62.5 .
Flexible Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Substrates (2015)

In this study, we fabricated flexible organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on a polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) elastomer substrate using blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and amorphous conjugated polymer poly(9,9- dioctylfuorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) as the gate dielectric and semiconducting layer, respectively. All the processes were performed at elastomer-compatible temperatures of below 100 °C. We confirmed the basic properties of the P(VDF-TrFE):PMMA blend film on the PDMS substrate, and the characteristics of the fabricated flexible OTFTs were also evaluated. A subthreshold voltage swing of 2.5 V/decade, an I on / I off ratio greater than 10 5 , field-effect mobility of 1.2×10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and a 10 −11 A gate leakage current were obtained. These characteristics did not degrade at a bending radius of 1 cm. For the OTFTs, the endurable maximum strain without degradation in the field-effect mobility of the PDMS elastomers was approximately 2%.
Preclinical Characterization of A Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 1-Pseudotyped Vector Demonstrates Dose-Dependent Injection Site Inflammation And Dissemination of Vector Genomes to Distant Sites (2007)

To translate the potential advantages of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 1 (rAAV1) vectors into a clinical application for muscle-directed gene therapy for alpha1 -antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, we performed safety studies in 170 C57BL/6 mice and 26 New Zealand White rabbits. A mouse toxicology study included 8 cohorts of 10 mice each (5 per sex). Mice were killed either 21 or 90 days after intramuscular injection of doses ranging up to 1x10(13)vector genomes (VG), equivalent to 4 x 10(14)VG/kg. A mouse biodistribution study was performed in 5 cohorts of 10 mice, receiving intramuscular injections at the same doses; as well as in a lower dose cohort (3 x 10(8) VG; equivalent to 1.2 x 10(10)VG/kg); and in 4 other cohorts (excluding the vehicle control) injected with identical doses intravenously. Finally, biodistribution was examined in rabbits, with serial collection of blood and semen, as well as terminal tissue collection. Two significant findings were present, both of which were dose dependent. First, inflammatory cell infiltrates were detected at the site of injection 21, 60, or 90 days after intramuscular injection of 1 x 10(13)VG. This was not associated with loss of transgene expression. Second, vector DNA sequences were detected in most animals, levels being highest with the highest doses and earliest time points. Vector DNA was also present in liver, spleen, kidneys, and a number of other organs, including the gonads of animals receiving the highest dose. Likewise, vector DNA was present in the semen of male rabbits at higher doses. The copy number of vector DNA in the blood and semen declined over time throughout the study. These two dose-dependent findings have served to guide to the design of a phase 1 human trial of rAAV1-AAT.
Enoxaparin plus compression stockings compared with compression stockings alone in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective neurosurgery (1999)

G, Agnelli; F, Piovella; P, Buoncristiani; P, Severi; M, Pini; A, D'Angelo; C, Beltrametti; M, Damiani; GC, Andrioli; R, Pugliese; A, Irio; G, Brambilla
Oxytocin and Vasopressin Stimulate Anion Secretion by Human and Porcine Vas Deferens Epithelia1 (2007)

Experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) on epithelial cells isolated from human (1 degree HVD) and porcine (1 degree PVD) vas deferens and an immortalized epithelial cell line derived from porcine vas deferens (PVD9902 cells). Cultured monolayers were assessed in modified Ussing flux chambers and the OT- or VP-induced change in short circuit current (I(SC)) was recorded. All cell types responded to basolateral OT or VP with a transient increase in I(SC) that reached a peak of 3-5 microA cm(-2). Concentration-response curves constructed with 1 degree PVD and PVD9902 cells revealed that the apparent K(D) (k(app)) for OT was approximately 100-fold less than the k(app) for VP. Amplicons for the OT receptor (OXTR) and vasopressin type 2 and type 1a receptors (AVPR2 and AVPR1A) were generated with RT-PCR and the identification of each amplicon confirmed by sequence analysis. A selective antagonist for OXTR and AVPR1A fully blocked the effects of OT and partially blocked the effects of VP when assessed in both 1 degree PVD and PVD9902 monolayers. APVR2 antagonists blocked the effects of low (< or =30 nM) but not high concentrations of VP, indicating that VP was affecting both AVPR2 and a second receptor subtype, likely OXTR or AVPR1A. Experiments employing chelerythrine demonstrated that OT stimulation of vas deferens monolayers requires PKC activity. Alternatively, VP (but not OT) increased the accumulation of cytosolic cAMP in vas deferens epithelial cells. Results from this study demonstrate that OT and VP can modulate ion transport across vas deferens epithelia by independent mechanisms. OT and VP have the potential to acutely change the environment to which sperm are exposed and thus, have the potential to affect male fertility.
Instandhaltung von Spritzgießwerkzeugen (2018)

No AccessSpritzgießwerkzeugeAug 2018Instandhaltung von SpritzgießwerkzeugenChristian Hopmann, Georg Menges, Walter Michaeli, Paul MohrenChristian Hopmann, Georg Menges, Walter Michaeli, Paul Mohrenhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446453906.021SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2018Pages: 781-807Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45192-6eISBN: 978-3-446-45390-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2018 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Matching methods in precision oncology: An introduction and illustrative example (2020)

These results signal that clinical effectiveness of precision oncology approaches will depend on rates of genomics-informed treatment change. Our study will guide future evaluations of precision oncology and support reliable effect estimation when RCT data are unavailable.
Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by drilling and muscle-pedicle bone grafting (1991)

Sixty-one patients with 68 osteonecrotic femoral heads, at different stages of development, were treated surgically; their average age was 36 years. Necrosis followed a fracture in 43 hips and traumatic dislocation in three. It was idiopathic in 14, cortisone-induced in seven and associated with gout in one. The operation of multiple drilling, curettage of the necrotic bone and muscle pedicle bone grafting was performed in all. Cheilectomy of the superolateral part of the femoral head and adductor tenotomy were added in cases of advanced necrosis. Of the several types of muscle pedicle used, tensor fasciae latae anteriorly and quadratus femoris posteriorly were preferred. Full weight-bearing was not permitted for five to six months. The follow-up period varied from three to 12 years. Hip pain was regularly relieved and abduction and rotation of the joints were improved. Those with post-traumatic or idiopathic necrosis did better than those with cortisone-induced necrosis.
Misorientation Mapping for Visualization of Plastic Strain Via Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (2002)

The ability to map elastic or plastic strain on a microstructural level is critical to understanding and controlling deformation in structural alloys and ceramics. Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and related techniques, such as electron channeling patterns, have been used with some success to measure the plastic strain around cracks in Fe-3Si single crystals [1], Cu single crystals [2], and Ni-based superalloys [3], among others. However, combining high spatial resolution with the strain sensitivity needed for characterizing the steep strain gradient ahead of a crack tip has been difficult. In this paper, we will discuss the use of misorientation mapping for visualizing plastic deformation at the micron length scale.
Bubble Formation from an Air Jet Injected into a Turbulent Boundary Layer (2010)

The diameter of small bubbles separated from an air jet injected into a turbulent boundary layer from a nozzle on the wall is evaluated. There exist three patterns of bubble separation that are dependent on the jet velocity, i.e., single bubble, coalesced bubbles, and a continuous air jet. The mechanism of bubble separation from the jet is theoretically considered for the single-bubble region. First, the bubble volume is calculated when the force separating the bubbles, such as the drag or lift from the free stream, overcomes the surface tension acting on the wall. Then the total volume of the separating bubble is obtained by adding the volume supplied from the nozzle until the final separation. The diameter of a single bubble was measured for various experimental conditions. The results are well approximated by the results obtained from the theoretical considerations described in the present study.
Abstract 114: The Epigenetic Enzyme KMT2A/MLL1 Is A Driver Of Coronavirus Associated Coagulopathy (2022)

Objectives: Coronavirus associated coagulopathy (CAC) is postulated to be driven by systemic macrophage activation after SARS-CoV-2 infection and presents with elevated risk of thrombogenesis and hyperfibrinolysis. Previous work shows that the histone methyltransferase KMT2A/MLL1 is a key mediator of inflammatory signaling in monocytes and macrophages (Mo/Mϕs). In this study, we sought to identify the regulation of factors important in CAC by MLL1. Methods: Mice with myeloid specific knockout of MLL1 (Cre+) and littermate controls (Cre-) underwent intranasal inoculation of 2 x 10 5 pfu of the murine coronavirus MHVA59, an established model which phenocopies SARS-CoV-2 infection. Splenic Mϕs (surrogate for circulating Mo/Mϕs) were isolated and RNA and protein levels of urokinase (Plau; profibrinolytic), urokinase receptor (Plaur; profibrinolytic), and tissue factor (F3/TF; procoagulant) were analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Thromboelastography (TEG) on whole blood and urokinase activity assays from mouse plasma were performed. Urokinase and TF activity assays were performed on plasma from human samples. Results: RNA (top panel) and protein (bottom) levels of Plau, Plaur, and F3 were suppressed in the Splenic Mϕs harvested from sham (intranasal PBS) and infected Cre+ animals (white bars) compared to Splenic Mϕs harvested from Cre- animals (blue bars; Fig. 1A). Cre- mice displayed a shortened R-time (reaction time) as measured by TEG (Fig. 1B) and elevated plasma urokinase activity levels (not shown). Hospitalized COVID-positive patients (hCOV+) displayed elevated plasma urokinase and TF activity levels (Fig. 1C). Conclusions: We identify a role for MLL1 for basal expression and for coronavirus-mediated induction of factors important for fibrinolysis and coagulation in murine Mo/Mϕs and in driving coagulopathy. Our results suggest that MLL1 blockade may be an attractive strategy to combat coronavirus associated coagulopathy.