gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent water-based UV-curable urethane acrylate ink-jet ink (2021)

Attention has recently been paid to ink-jet printing inks to more environmentally friendly types and faster methods with lower energy consumption. The ink-jet printing industry has a preference to use ultraviolet-curable inks for packaging and labeling applications. This research reports a simple approach to prepare a water-based UV-curable ink-jet ink based on urethane acrylate to print onto the transparent flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylolpropionic acid, a low molecular weight polyester resin, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate used to synthesize the urethane acrylate resin. Then, the prepared resin was neutralized with triethylamine and emulsified in deionized water. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy spectra characterized the chemical structure of synthesized resin. The gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the synthesized resin's molecular weight. The hydroxyl value, acid value, conversion percentage under UV radiation, transparency, haze, and surface tension results of the emulsified resin were measured. The physical properties of prepared ink-jet ink, such as rheology, surface tension, and dynamic light scattering, were measured. The ink-jet ink could fabricate uniform patterns by a general ink-jet printer onto the transparent polyethylene terephthalate flexible substrate. Eventually, the acceptable appearance was achieved due to the transparency and clarity of the printed polyethylene terephthalate.
Halophilic Bacteria Susceptibility to Peracetic Acid Vapor and Ethylene Oxide (1973)

Extremely to slightly halophilic bacteria were tested for susceptibility to two sterilizing agents, peracetic acid (PAA) and ethylene oxide (ETO). PAA susceptibility was explored by two methods: an agar plate (constant pH of 7.2) and a filter strip (constant incubation period of 37 days); 100% susceptibility was obtained by both methods. The dosage (0.5 ml/min) was applied to a filter pad in a petri dish cover. Glove box experiments with ETO (input 1.5 lb. [ca. 680.4 g]/24 hr, the only constant) yielded 100% susceptibility for all halophiles tested. These experiments demonstrated the efficacy of two lethal agents for extreme halophiles, PAA and ETO. Variation in pH did not affect susceptibility.
Terragénome : un consortium international pour séquencer le métagénome du sol (2010)

http://www.academie-sciences.fr/conferences/seances_publiques/seances_publiques_2010.htm
Extracting signal from noise: kinetic mechanisms from a Michaelis–Menten‐like expression for enzymatic fluctuations (2013)

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are naturally stochastic, and precision measurements of these fluctuations, made possible by single-molecule methods, promise to provide fundamentally new constraints on the possible mechanisms underlying these reactions. We review some aspects of statistical kinetics: a new field with the goal of extracting mechanistic information from statistical measures of fluctuations in chemical reactions. We focus on a widespread and important statistical measure known as the randomness parameter. This parameter is remarkably simple in that it is the squared coefficient of variation of the cycle completion times, although it places significant limits on the minimal complexity of possible enzymatic mechanisms. Recently, a general expression has been introduced for the substrate dependence of the randomness parameter that is for rate fluctuations what the Michaelis-Menten expression is for the mean rate of product generation. We discuss the information provided by the new kinetic parameters introduced by this expression and demonstrate that this expression can simplify the vast majority of published models.
Decoding of complex isothermal chromatograms: Application to chromatograms recovered from space missions (2003)

Abstract In gas chromatographic isothermal separations of multicomponent mixtures, i.e., mixtures where the number of components is high and unknown, the efficiency is low and not enough to allow a complete separation with a consequent severe peak overlapping in the chromatogram. The consequence is a significant loss in analytical information content. Therefore it is practically mandatory to use a chemometric procedure to decode the complex chromatogram, i. e. to deconvolve the overlapping signal to extract from it information on the mixture and the separation system. Isothermal separations are not very popular, due to their low efficiency, but they are very common in in situ analyses during space missions, as a consequence of flight constraints on instrumentation complexity and power (energy saving). In this work a chemometric approach based on Fourier analysis is applied to chromatograms obtained under isothermal or low temperature programming conditions. These conditions simulate those employed in space missions. The procedure has been applied to standard mixtures containing compounds representative of the planetary atmospheres that will be investigated in the near future: in particular, those related to Titan's atmosphere (Cassini‐Huygens mission) and a cometary nucleus (Rosetta mission), i. e., hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds with carbon atom numbers ranging from 2 to 8. The original approach, developed for constant peak width, is extended to variable peak width, in particular to the case of peak width linearly increasing with retention time, representing isothermal separations. The proposed approach is able to characterise complex isothermal chromatograms in terms of number of components present in the mixture and of separation efficiency: such results are useful in interpreting data recovered from space missions and for optimising analysis conditions compatible with flight constraints.
Evaluación de las propiedades tribológicas y corrosión del Sistema CrN/Cr depositado sobre acero AISI 304, 4140, 1075 por la técnica Magnetron Sputtering Reactivo DC (2010)

Chromium and chromium nitride CrN/Cr\nmultilayers were deposited on AISI 304 stainless\nsteel, AISI 1075 and AISI 4140 substrates by\nReactive Magnetron Sputtering. The coatings were\nstudied using XRD, Nanohardness, wear and COF\nusing Ball on Disc and corrosion tests by LPR\n(Linear Polarization Resistance) and Tafel curves.\nThe XRD pattern showed (111) characteristics\norientation of CrN (FCC) and ä � Cr phase.\nThe coatings hardness showed a dependence of\nsubstrate material, such that the wear and friction\ncoefficient change too. The corrosion speed\non saline environment decreases for all coated\nsubstrates, but mayor changes were produced on\nAISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 1075 steel. These\ntests were carried out in a 3, 5% NaCl solutions.
Iterative quadratic relaxation method for optimization of multiple radar waveforms (2016)

MIMO radars use multiple waveforms in order to resolve more targets and achieve gains in target detection, parameter estimation and recognition, for example. In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing multiple waveforms with low peak sidelobe and peak cross-correlation levels for MIMO radar. The optimization method relaxes the original quartic problem into a quadratic one and iterates the relaxed problem to improve the solution. The numerical examples demonstrate that good waveforms are obtained with the proposed method.
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Lymph Nodes Targeting (2016)

Vaccines have successfully eradicated a large number of diseases. However, some infectious diseases (such as HIV, <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> or <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>) keep spreading since there is no vaccine to prevent them. One way to overcome this issue is the development of new adjuvant formulations which are able to induce the appropriate immune response without sacrificing safety. Lymph nodes are the site of lymphocyte priming by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent adaptive immune response, and are a promising target for vaccine formulations. In this review, we describe the properties of different polymer-based (e.g., poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, poly lactic acid …) particulate adjuvants as innovative systems, capable of co-delivering immunopotentiators and antigens. We point out how these nanoparticles enhance the delivery of antigens, and how their physicochemical properties modify their uptake by antigen-presenting cells and their migration into lymph nodes. We describe why polymeric nanoparticles increase the persistence into lymph nodes and promote a mature immune response. We also emphasize how nanodelivery directs the response to a specific antigen and allows the induction of a cytotoxic immune response, essential for the fight against intracellular pathogens or cancer. Finally, we highlight the interest of the association between polymer-based vaccines and immunopotentiators, which can potentiate the effect of the molecule by directing it to the appropriate compartment and reducing its toxicity.
Warden's Proximity in Relation to Disciplinary Infractions and Attempted Suicides (1996)

Abstract Fifty-one wardens in American correctional institutions (50 states & the D.C. Department of Corrections) responded to a survey about inmate behaviors and the physical location of the warden's offices with respect to the institution and inmate crowdedness. Warden's responses were also included and information about how often they visited and/or inspected inmate housing areas. The warden's responses indicated that there were significantly more inmate disciplinaries (e.g., boards & write-ups) and attempted suicide reported in institutions with outside warden offices compared to those with inside warden offices. There were also more reported attempted inmate suicides in institutions with outside warden offices. The other inmate behaviors examined included escapes, attacks on correctional officers and/or staff, grievances and litigation and suicides.
Performance of adaptive matched filter receivers over fading multipath channels (1990)

A unified discrete channel model from the information source up to the sampler was developed for fading multipath channels. Different methods for adaptive channel measurement was studied. The performance of a discrete matched filter using different adaptation techniques and working over a troposcatter channel is predicted. It is shown that the effects of channel measurement noise are less damaging for the decision-directed adaptation technique as compared to any kind of reference-directed adaptation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
QuickTox™ Kit for QuickScan Aflatoxin (2012)

The QuickTox Kit for QuickScan Aflatoxin uses lateral flow technology and a reader-based system for quantitative determination of total aflatoxins. The performance of this assay was examined using corn samples naturally contaminated with aflatoxins in internal and independent laboratory evaluations and was judged against previously established acceptance criteria. Performance was evaluated for linearity, selectivity, matrix, robustness, and stability experiments. All data points in these studies fell within the ranges defined in the acceptance criteria. The assay exhibits linear dose response over the range tested, 0-100 ppb, with R2 values exceeding 0.98. RSDr values for results ranged from 4.7 to 17.7% across all tested levels. The four major aflatoxin types in corn are detected in the assay, with highest sensitivity for the most prevalent type, B1. Assay results are unaffected by the presence of other common mycotoxins. Robustness studies co-varied assay timing (-20%, 60% compared to the standard assay), temperature (18-30 degrees C), and sample volume (+/- 20% compared to the standard assay). Judged against the acceptance criteria, results were unaffected by these changes. The QuickTox Kit for QuickScan Aflatoxin assay is a user-friendly and reliable method for determination of total aflatoxins.
Modelling cyclists’ comfort zones from obstacle avoidance manoeuvres (2020)

This paper introduces a framework for modelling the cyclist's comfort zone. Unlike the driver's comfort zone, little is known about the cyclist's. The framework draws on existing literature in cognitive science about driver behaviour to explain experimental results from cycling field trials, and the modelling of these results. We modelled braking and steering manoeuvres from field data of cyclists' obstacle avoidance within their comfort zone. Results show that when cyclists avoided obstacles by braking, they kept a constant deceleration; as speed increased, they started to brake earlier, farther from the obstacle, maintaining an almost constant time to collision. When cyclists avoided obstacles by steering, they maintained a constant distance from the object, independent of speed. Overall, the higher the speed, the more the steering manoeuvres were temporally delayed compared to braking manoeuvres. We discuss these results and other similarities between cyclist and driver behaviour during obstacle avoidance. Implications for the design of acceptable active safety and infrastructure design are also addressed.
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction (2008)

Genetic and nutritional variations in the methionine cycle affect heart rate variability either independently or by modifying the effects of PM(2.5).
Significance of Model Parameter Variations in the pARD-RSC Model (2020)

This study aims to evaluate how fiber orientation results are dependent on fluctuations in input parameters, such as the average fiber length, fiber volume content, and initial alignment of fibers. The range of parameters is restricted to deviations within one specific short fiber reinforced thermoplastic and is not set up to investigate the differences between materials. The evaluation was conducted by a virtual shear cell based on a mechanistic modeling approach. The fiber orientation prediction model discussed is the pARD-RSC (principal anisotropic rotary diffusion-reduced strain closure) model implemented as a user routine in AUTODESK MOLDFLOW INSIGHT® (AMI®). The material investigated was discontinuous short glass fiber reinforced PBT (polybutylene-terephthalate), which is often used for housings in various industries. It is shown that variation in the input parameters, although having an influence on the fiber orientation model parameters, only affects the final orientation moderately.
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE: Role in the Genesis of Vascular Disease (1997)

The product of nitric oxide (NO) synthase is the most potent endogenous vasodilator known. No not only is a potent vasodilator, it also inhibits platelet adherence and aggregation, reduces adherence of leukocytes to the endothelium, and suppresses proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. A number of disorders are associated with reduced synthesis and/or increased degradation of vascular NO. These include hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and tobacco use. The endothelial dysfunction caused by these disorders contributes to the alterations in vascular function and structure observed in these conditions. A reduction in the activity of vascular NO likely plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis. Insights into the mechanisms by which NO production or activity is altered in these states will lead to new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a number of vascular disorders, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and thrombosis.
Restoration of normal phenotype in cancer cells (2023)

A method for reversing expression of malignant phenotype in cancer cells is described. The method comprises applying .beta..sub.1 integrin function-blocking antibody to the cells. The method can be used to assess the progress of cancer therapy. Human breast epithelial cells were shown to be particularly responsive.
First-in-Human Study of AT13148, a Dual ROCK-AKT Inhibitor in Patients with Solid Tumors (2020)

AT13148 was the first dual potent ROCK-AKT inhibitor to be investigated for the treatment of solid tumors. The narrow therapeutic index and the pharmacokinetic profile led to recommend not developing this compound further. There are significant lessons learned in designing and testing agents that simultaneously inhibit multiple kinases including AGC kinases in cancer.
Synthesis of 4-Arylideneisochroman-1,3-Dione under Microwave Irradiation (2003)

Homophthalic acid (1) and arylcarboxyaldehydes were condensed to form 4-arylideneisochroman-1,3-dione (3) in acetic anhydride in the presence of ammonium acetate under focused microwave irradiation. The stereochemistry of the products was determined by NMR and by X-ray diffraction of one isomer.
Consensus Knowledge Acquisition (1989)

We have developed a method and prototype program for assisting two experts in their attempts to construct a single, consensus knowledge base. We show that consensus building can be effectively facilitated by a debugging approach that identifies, explains, and resolves discrepancies in their knowledge. To implement this approach we identify and use recognition and repair procedures for a variety of discrepancies. Examples of this knowledge are illustrated with sample transcripts from CARTER, a system for reconciling two rule-based systems. Implications for resolving other kinds of knowledge representations are also exam- ined.
ACOUSTO-FLUIDIC DETECTION OF INSECT LARVAE IN GRAIN (2001)

DRT and USDA have entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) to exploit the high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of acousto-fluidic sensors to detect and quantify insects in grain and stored products. ARS has developed a technique for acoustically quantifying insects (including internal feeding larvae) in grain samples. ALFID (Acoustic Location Fingerprinting Insect Detector) detects individual insect sounds (chewing, moving) and cross-correlates them to determine relative time delays between sixteen sensors. This data, arranged in vectors (fingerprints) which indicate sound source locations, is compared and grouped thereby identifying the number of insects. ALFID effectiveness has been limited due to the poor SNR of conventional microphones. Initial experiments with acousto-fluidic sensors, that physically increase the sounds so that they can be detected by low cost electret microphones, have been very promising. SNR improved by 2x and insect detection probability improved by almost 3x. In three separate experiments, more than half the rice weevil larvae (Sitophilus oryzae) detected acousto-fluidically were not discerned conventionally. A 3-stage acousto-fluidic sensor (acoustic gain - 56dB, bandwidth 1 - 7kHz) driving two Tibbetts 251-01 electrets, is able to process sound levels of less than OdB SPL (ref. 0.0002, mbar). Two-week old larvae in a 1 kg grain sample have been detected at distances of over 10cm. Production cost of one sensor will be about $100, including electronics and pneumatic supply (small aquarium pump). Inadvertent export of infested grain (grain visually passed as clean) accounts for multi-million dollar annual losses. It is anticipated that the use of an acousto-fluidic ALFID system should greatly reduce these losses. Monitoring of insect infestations in silos and packaged goods will also be possible. Also, this technology may help advance infestation quantification using large arrays of multiplexed sensors coupled with ARS-developed statistical insect population estimates.
Strictly non-blocking 8&#x00D7;8 silicon photonic switch based on optical phased array (2015)

Compact strictly non-blocking 8×8 silicon photonic switch based on optical phased array is designed and fabricated. Broadband (1530-1560 nm) switching with on-chip loss of 9.8 dB and response time below 25 μs is demonstrated experimentally.
Molecular thermodynamics of LNA:LNA base pairs and the hyperstabilizing effect of 5′‐proximal LNA:DNA base pairs (2015)

Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) can greatly enhance duplex DNA stability, and are therefore creating opportunities to improve therapeutics, as well as PCR‐based disease and pathogen diagnostics. Realizing the full potential of LNAs will require better understanding of their contributions to duplex stability, and the ability to predict their hydridization thermodynamics. Melting thermodynamics data for a large set of diverse duplexes containing LNAs in one or both strands are presented. Those data reveal that LNAs, when present on both strands, can stabilize a duplex not only through direct interaction with their base‐pair partner, but also through nonlocal hyperstablization effects created by LNA:LNA base pairs and/or specific patterns of oppositely oriented LNA:DNA base pairs. The data are, therefore, used to extend a thermodynamic model previously developed in our lab to permit accurate prediction of melting temperatures for duplexes bearing LNA substitutions within both strands using a classic group‐contribution approach. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 2711–2731, 2015
Electromigration in flip chip solder joints having a thick Cu column bump and a shallow solder interconnect (2006)

In advanced electronic products, current crowding induced electromigration failure is one of the serious problems in fine pitch flip chip solder joints. To explore a strong resistance against current crowding induced electromigration failure, a very thick Cu column bump combined with a shallow solder interconnect at 100μm pitch for flip chip applications has been studied in this paper. Results revealed that these interconnects do not fail after 720h of current stressing at 100°C with a current density of 1×104A∕cm2 based on the area of interface between Cu column bump and solder. The reduction of current crowding in the solder region by using thick Cu column bumps increased the reliability against electromigration induced failure. The current distribution in a flip chip joint of a Cu column bump combined with a shallow solder has been confirmed by simulation. However, Kirkendall void formation was found to be much serious and enhanced by electromigration at the Cu∕Cu3Sn interface due to the large Cu∕Sn ratio. Since this is a system of a limited amount of Sn and an infinite supply of Cu, the Cu6Sn5 transforms to the Cu3Sn after all the Sn content in the solder bump is consumed and the Cu3Sn can grow very thick; the vacancy flux that opposes the Cu flux will condense to form Kirkendall voids. The mechanism of electromigration induced Kirkendall void formation in the Cu column with the shallow solder joint is discussed. Furthermore, a very large temperature gradient exists across the shallow solder interconnects, leading to thermomigration. Electromigration accompanied by thermomigration could replace current crowding as a serious reliability issue in using Cu column based interconnects.
Expanding the Repertoire for “Large Small Molecules”: Prodrug ABBV-167 Efficiently Converts to Venetoclax with Reduced Food Effect in Healthy Volunteers (2021)

Since gaining approval for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax has transformed the treatment of this and other blood-related cancers. Reflecting the large and hydrophobic BH3-binding groove within BCL-2, venetoclax has significantly higher molecular weight and lipophilicity than most orally administered drugs, along with negligible water solubility. Although a technology-enabled formulation successfully achieves oral absorption in humans, venetoclax tablets have limited drug loading and therefore can present a substantial pill burden for patients in high-dose indications. We therefore generated a phosphate prodrug (<b>3</b>, ABBV-167) that confers significantly increased water solubility to venetoclax and, upon oral administration to healthy volunteers either as a solution or high drug-load immediate release tablet, extensively converts to the parent drug. Additionally, ABBV-167 demonstrated a lower food effect with respect to venetoclax tablets. These data indicate that beyond-rule-of-5 molecules can be successfully delivered to humans via a solubility-enhancing prodrug moiety to afford robust exposures of the parent drug following oral dosing.