gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHASE AND GROUP TIME SECTIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR USE IN SEISMIC INTERPRETATION OF COMPLEX MEDIA* (1986)

ABSTRACT Interpretation problems are discussed for a new class of models for complex seismic media, called heterogeneous models formed by inclusions (HMI). Examples of such models in geology are destructive deformation zones, tectonic raptures, complex folds, magmatogene formations, fronts of metamorphism and of phase transition, etc., which are of importance in interpretation of seismic data. The wavefields in such media have a complicated interferential character and should be considered as complex wave groups characterized by their phase and group properties. To study the phase and group characteristics of such wavefields, a method of construction and comparative analysis of so‐called phase and group sections is introduced. This method is based on a transformation of the wavefield (seismogram) into a normalized seismogram (cos of the phase) and a perigram (a low cut version of the trace envelope). The group sections obtained on the perigrams represent zones of energy concentration and give stable estimates of the average characteristics of model structure. The phase sections are obtained on the normalized seismograms and represent primarily, the inner structure of the model. The method was applied to both synthetic and field data. The results of the combined analysis of the phase and group sections show that in many cases there are significant differences between them. On the basis of this analysis, several types of seismic objects may be distinguished which can serve as a basis for seismic interpretation.
Migration Along Orthodromic Sun Compass Routes by Arctic Birds (2001)

Flight directions of birds migrating at high geographic and magnetic latitudes can be used to test bird orientation by celestial or geomagnetic compass systems under polar conditions. Migration patterns of arctic shorebirds, revealed by tracking radar studies during an icebreaker expedition along the Northwest Passage in 1999, support predicted sun compass trajectories but cannot be reconciled with orientation along either geographic or magnetic loxodromes (rhumb lines). Sun compass routes are similar to orthodromes (great circle routes) at high latitudes, showing changing geographic courses as the birds traverse longitudes and their internal clock gets out of phase with local time. These routes bring the shorebirds from high arctic Canada to the east coast of North America, from which they make transoceanic flights to South America. The observations are also consistent with a migration link between Siberia and the Beaufort Sea region by way of sun compass routes across the Arctic Ocean.
Sleep-disordered breathing in unilateral diaphragm paralysis or severe weakness (2008)

Few data exist concerning sleep in patients with hemidiaphragm paralysis or weakness. Traditionally, such patients are considered to sustain normal ventilation in sleep. In the present study, diaphragm strength was measured in order to identify patients with unilateral paralysis or severe weakness. Patients underwent polysomnography with additional recordings of the transoesophageal electromyogram (EMG) of the diaphragm and surface EMG of extra-diaphragmatic respiratory muscles. These data were compared with 11 normal, healthy subjects matched for sex, age and body mass index (BMI). In total, 11 patients (six males, mean+/-sd age 56.5+/-10.0 yrs, BMI 28.7+/-2.8 kg x m(-2)) with hemidiaphragm paralysis or severe weakness (unilateral twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure 3.3+/-1.7 cmH(2)O (0.33+/-0.17 kPa) were studied. They had a mean+/-sd respiratory disturbance index of 8.1+/-10.1 events x h(-1) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and 26.0+/-17.8 events x h(-1) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (control groups 0.4+/-0.4 and 0.7+/-0.9 events x h(-1), respectively). The diaphragm EMG, as a percentage of maximum, was double that of the control group in NREM sleep (15.3+/-5.3 versus 8.9+/-4.9% max, respectively) and increased in REM sleep (20.0+/-6.9% max), while normal subjects sustained the same level of activation (6.2+/-3.1% max). Patients with unilateral diaphragm dysfunction are at risk of developing sleep-disordered breathing during rapid eye movement sleep. The diaphragm electromyogram, reflecting neural respiratory drive, is doubled in patients compared with normal subjects, and increases further in rapid eye movement sleep.
Electron paramagnetic resonance and phase transition in (NH4)2SeO4:Mn2+ single crystals (1979)

The electron paramagnetic resonance of Mn2+ in ammonium selenate has been studied at X-band and at various temperatures between 77 and 395 K. The spectrum consists of a set of 30 lines corresponding to single type of Mn2+ environment. The principal y axis is along the b axis and the principal z axis makes an angle 54°±2° with the c axis in the ac plane. Around 390 K the spectrum shows an anomalous change in line shapes followed by a complete collapse of the spectrum which is found to be reversible. This has been discussed in terms of a possible first-order phase transition. The spectra at 77 K and at 300 K (including fine structure ΔM=±1 and Δm=0 hyperfine structure) are satisfactorily described by a spin Hamiltonian appropriate for Mn2+ in a rhombic crystal field. The parameters are determined at 77 and 300 K. Forbidden hyperfine transitions Δm=±1 and Δm=±2 have been observed. From the unequal separations between Δm=±1 doublets in M=+1/2→−1/2 transition, the values of the axial and rhombic parts of the quadrupole coupling constants are determined. The observed doublet separations of forbidden hyperfine transitions in different electronic transitions are in fairly good agreement with those calculated. The observed angular variation of the intensities of the allowed and forbidden hyperfine transitions is found to be in good agreement with theory.
Osteopontin Enhances Endogenous Repair After Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury (2011)

OPN plays an important role in repairing brain injury after neonatal HI by regulating cerebral cell proliferation/survival and oligodendrocyte differentiation after injury. The observed promyelinative effect of OPN may offer novel possibilities for a therapy targeting white matter injury.
2-(2-indolyl-)-4(3H)-quinazolines derivates as new inhibitors of AChE: design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling (2012)

We recently reported that synthetic derivatives of rutaecarpine alkaloid exhibited high acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and high selectivity for AChE over butyrylcholinesterases (BuChE). To explore novel effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in this paper, further research results were presented. Starting from a structure-based drug design, a series of novel 2-(2-indolyl-)-4(3H)-quinazolines derivates were designed and synthesized as the ring-opened analogues of rutaecarpine alkaloid and subjected to pharmacological evaluation as AChE inhibitors. Among them, derivates 3a-c and 3g-h exhibited strong inhibitory activity for AChE and high selectivity for AChE over BuChE. The structure-activity relationships were discussed and their binding conformation and simultaneous interactions mode were further clarified by kinetic characterization and the molecular docking studies.
Abstract C051: MDM2 inhibitor KRT-232 extends survival in glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft models (2019)

Abstract Cell survival following radiation therapy (RT) is critically modulated by multiple DNA damage response pathways including the p53 tumor suppressor, which promotes cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in the face of DNA damage. Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) targets p53 for degradation and suppresses its functions. The MDM2 locus is amplified in approximately 14% of glioblastoma (GBM) tumors and is a promising target for individualized therapy. In these studies, we tested the MDM2 small molecule inhibitor KRT-232, alone and in combination with RT, in MDM2-amplified and/or p53 wildtype patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of GBM in vitro and in vivo. KRT-232 suppressed GBM PDX cell explant culture viability in three MDM2-amplified lines (GBM46, 108, and 148) and two non-amplified but p53 wildtype lines (GBM10 and 39) with similar IC50s ranging from 300-800nM in FBS culture conditions. As expected, little suppression was observed in a p53 mutant (GBM43) line. Many drugs have limited distribution in the brain, and to understand limitations surrounding KRT-232, LCMS-MS was used to compare brain and plasma levels of drug in mice. Preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis using FVB wildtype mice compared to mice which maintain triple knockout of the efflux transporters Mdr1a, Mdr1b and Bcrp1–/– (TKO) treated with a single 10 mg/kg oral dose of KRT-232 and harvested 2 hours later demonstrate an 8% brain/plasma ratio of KRT-232 in the TKO mice, while levels were undetectable in WT mice. In light of these data, the efficacy of KRT-232 was initially tested in vivo in an MDM2-amplified GBM108 PDX with an artificially disrupted BBB afforded by VEGFA lentiviral expression. In this model, daily dosing with KRT-232 alone produced a 100 day prolongation in survival as compared to vehicle. In a subsequent experiment, just one week of daily KRT-232 dosing, either alone or in combination with RT, in the control GBM108 PDX with a relatively intact BBB, was remarkably effective; median survival for placebo 22 days, KRT-232 alone 46 days, RT alone 31 days, and the KRT-232/RT combination 77 days. Despite low BBB penetration as determined by pharmacokinetic studies, KRT-232 alone and in combination with RT is an effective treatment in a pre-clinical model of glioblastoma. Future studies will evaluate KRT-232 pharmacodynamic responses as well as PDX orthotopic combination therapy in additional MDM2 amplified and non-amplified/p53 wildtype lines to understand if this therapy can be used in a larger population of GBM tumors. Citation Format: Ann C Mladek, Shiv Gupta, Minjee Kim, Afroz Shareef Mohammad, Katrina K Bakken, Helen He, Zeng Hu, Danielle M Burgenske, Brett L Carlson, William F Elmquist, Jann Sarkaria. MDM2 inhibitor KRT-232 extends survival in glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C051. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C051
Métiers et filières de formation de la sécurité routière : une analyse en région PACA (2005)

La recherche dont ce rapport final rend compte vise a identifier et a analyser les contenus d’activites des metiers lies a la Securite Routiere (SR) ; son objectif est de servir de support a l’elaboration de scenarii de formation (initiale et continue) pour les professionnels du secteur. Cette
recherche a ete menee en partenariat avec le Cereq et l'ORM de la region Paca (cf. rapport d'etape de juin 2005).
Elle repond a une demande de la DSCR, qui souhaite reflechir a l'amelioration de l’actuel systeme de formation. Celui-ci comporte en effet des incoherences ; notamment, pour ce qui est du noyau dur de la profession, les enseignants de la conduite : le Bepecaser est un diplome homologue au niveau IV, alors que le BAFM, brevet d’aptitude a la formation des moniteurs d’enseignement a la conduite, n’est pas homologue ; il est de plus tres selectif. Ainsi, en 2002, 20 candidats ont ete diplomes pour 138 inscrits a l’examen (a tire de comparaison, 986 diplomes du Bepecaser en 2002, 1196 l’annee suivante). Si les titulaires du Bepecaser peuvent se presenter au concours d’inspecteur (IPCSR), celui-ci ne leur est pas reserve et propose un nombre limite de postes aux candidats exterieurs a la fonction publique (105 en 2002, en augmentation par rapport aux annees precedentes). Les evolutions de carriere sont donc limitees pour les enseignants de la conduite1. Si l’on ajoute que le secteur est repute pour la pratique courante du “travail au noir ”, l’amplitude des horaires de travail et des conditions de travail eprouvantes, force est de constater qu’il semble peu attractif. Bien que ces dernieres assertions meritent d’etre objectivees, il reste que le marche du travail des enseignants de la conduite souffre d’une opacite d’autant plus prejudiciable que la mobilite professionnelle est reduite. L'absence de veritables perspectives de carriere au sein de la profession en renforce la faible attractivite. [...]
Using the Hilbert transform for 3D visualization of differential interference contrast microscope images (2000)

Differential interference contrast (DIC) is frequently used in conventional 2D biological microscopy. Our recent investigations into producing a 3D DIC microscope (in both conventional and confocal modes) have uncovered a fundamental difficulty: namely that the phase gradient images of DIC microscopy cannot be visualized using standard digital image processing and reconstruction techniques, as commonly used elsewhere in microscopy. We discuss two approaches to the problem of preparing gradient images for 3D visualization: integration and the Hilbert transform. After applying the Hilbert transform, the dataset can then be visualized in 3D using standard techniques. We find that the Hilbert transform provides a rapid qualitative pre-processing technique for 3D visualization for a wide range of biological specimens in DIC microscopy, including chromosomes, which we use in this study.
RARγ: The Bone of Contention for Endothelial Cells in Prostate Cancer Metastasis (2022)

Excessive bone deposition associated with prostate cancer bone metastases is believed to aid in metastatic progression. One mechanism of osteoblast expansion is the transdifferentiation of bone marrow endothelial cells. Prostate cancer cells contribute several secreted factors, including bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), to the microenvironment that support osteoblastic transdifferentiation. In this issue of Cancer Research, Yu and colleagues share their findings of how BMP-mediated endothelial conversion can be inhibited by treatment with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists. Using agonists like the all-trans retinoic acid or palovarotene, the authors demonstrated the role of the interaction of BMP-activated SMAD1 with RARγ for osteoblastic differentiation. RARγ agonists potentiated the proteasomal degradation of the Smad1-RARγ complex, blocking BMP signaling. Because palovarotene is clinically effective in the treatment of aberrant bone formation found in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, its repurposing for the treatment of osteoblastic cancer metastasis is promising. However, patient selection and dose-finding studies will be critical for the translation of these findings to complement standard of care for patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer. See related article by Yu et al., p. 3158.
Overexpression and Mechanistic Analysis of Chromosomally Encoded Aminoglycoside 2′-N-Acetyltransferase (AAC(2′)-Ic) fromMycobacterium tuberculosis (2001)

The chromosomally encoded aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase, AAC(2')-Ic, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a yet unidentified physiological function. The aac(2')-Ic gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and AAC(2')-Ic was purified. Recombinant AAC(2')-Ic was a soluble protein of 20,000 Da and acetylated all aminoglycosides substrates tested in vitro, including therapeutically important antibiotics. Acetyl-CoA was the preferred acyl donor. The enzyme, in addition to acetylating aminoglycosides containing 2'-amino substituents, also acetylated kanamycin A and amikacin that contain a 2'-hydroxyl substituent, although with lower activity, indicating the capacity of the enzyme to perform both N-acetyl and O-acetyl transfer. The enzyme exhibited "substrate activation" with many aminoglycoside substrates while exhibiting Michaelis-Menten kinetics with others. Kinetic studies supported a random kinetic mechanism for AAC(2')-Ic. Comparison of the kinetic parameters of different aminoglycosides suggested that their hexopyranosyl residues and, to a lesser extent, the central aminocyclitol residue carry the major determinants of substrate affinity.
Drug-induced haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. (1976)

People with the variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) deficiency common in the southern Chinese (Canton, B(-)Chinese, and Hong Kong-Pokfulam) have a moderate shortening of red-cell survival but no anaemia when they are in the steady state. With a cross-transfusion technique, primaquine, nitrofurantoin, and large doses of aspirin were found to aggravate the haemolysis while sulphamethoxazole did so only in some people. Individual differences in drug metabolism may be the reason for this. Many commonly used drugs reported to accentuate haemolysis in GPD deficiency did not shorten red-cell survival.
Structure and Reaction Mechanism of Basil Eugenol Synthase (2007)

Phenylpropenes, a large group of plant volatile compounds that serve in multiple roles in defense and pollinator attraction, contain a propenyl side chain. Eugenol synthase (EGS) catalyzes the reductive displacement of acetate from the propenyl side chain of the substrate coniferyl acetate to produce the allyl-phenylpropene eugenol. We report here the structure determination of EGS from basil (Ocimum basilicum) by protein x-ray crystallography. EGS is structurally related to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs), and in particular, enzymes in the isoflavone-reductase-like subfamily. The structure of a ternary complex of EGS bound to the cofactor NADP(H) and a mixed competitive inhibitor EMDF ((7S,8S)-ethyl (7,8-methylene)-dihydroferulate) provides a detailed view of the binding interactions within the EGS active site and a starting point for mutagenic examination of the unusual reductive mechanism of EGS. The key interactions between EMDF and the EGS-holoenzyme include stacking of the phenyl ring of EMDF against the cofactor's nicotinamide ring and a water-mediated hydrogen-bonding interaction between the EMDF 4-hydroxy group and the side-chain amino moiety of a conserved lysine residue, Lys132. The C4 carbon of nicotinamide resides immediately adjacent to the site of hydride addition, the C7 carbon of cinnamyl acetate substrates. The inhibitor-bound EGS structure suggests a two-step reaction mechanism involving the formation of a quinone-methide prior to reduction. The formation of this intermediate is promoted by a hydrogen-bonding network that favors deprotonation of the substrate's 4-hydroxyl group and disfavors binding of the acetate moiety, akin to a push-pull catalytic mechanism. Notably, the catalytic involvement in EGS of the conserved Lys132 in preparing the phenolic substrate for quinone methide formation through the proton-relay network appears to be an adaptation of the analogous role in hydrogen bonding played by the equivalent lysine residue in other enzymes of the SDR family.
Antiviral efficacy of nine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against feline immunodeficiency virus in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2014)

The evaluated NRTIs had low cytotoxicity against feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells and appeared to be safe options for further in vivo evaluation for the treatment of FIV-infected cats. There was no evidence suggesting that the newly evaluated compounds would be superior to the existing NRTIs for reducing FIV burden of infected cats.
Surface structure of mono-crystalline silicon wafers produced by diamond wire sawing and by standard slurry sawing before and after etching in alkaline solutions (2010)

Fixed abrasive sawing (FAS) using diamond coated steel wires is an interesting alternative for commercial production of silicon wafers, as it has potential for increasing productivity and reducing consumables costs. The objective of this study has been to understand the differences in surface structure of Cz mono-crystalline silicon wafers produced by diamond wire sawing and by standard slurry sawing, both before and after alkaline etching. Both as-cut wafers and wafers etched in 47% KOH at 75°C for different etching times have been studied. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations of the as-cut slurry wafers show an un-even surface and up to 4 μm deep micro cracks compared to the FAS wafers. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of the ascut FAS wafers show a smooth wave-like pattern on the surface with a period of about 15 μm and amplitude of about 1 μm. During the initial part of the etching, square inverted pillars were formed for both types of wafers. The inverted pillars were initially deeper for the slurry cut wafers. The size in lateral direction of the inverted pillars increases with etching time.
A multicast scheme for parallel software-only video effects processing (1999)

We have developed a parallel software-only processing system for creating real-time video effects such as titling and compositing (e.g., picture-in-picture) using compressed Internet video sources. The system organizes processors into a hierarchy of levels. Processes at each level of the hierarchy can exploit different types of parallelism and coordinate the actions of lower levels. To control the effect, control messages must be distributed to processors in the hierarchy while preserving the independence of each level. This requires a control mechanism that supports efficient delivery of messages to groups of processors, tunable reliability semantics, and recoverable state information. We describe a mechanism that meets these requirements that uses IP-Multicast, the Scalable Reliable Multicast protocol, and the Scalable Naming and Announcement Protocol. We also describe an optimization that provides a flexible framework for linking the control of different aspects of one or more related video effects.
Maternally inherited mitochondrial myopathy and myoclonic epilepsy (1985)

A family is described with familial myoclonic epilepsy associated with mitochondrial myopathy. The disorder follows a maternal inheritance pattern consistent with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The large kindred permitted exclusion of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked patterns of transmission. Several characteristics of the inheritance and variability of expression within the pedigree are consistent with recently acquired knowledge about the genetics of human mtDNA. The clinical spectrum of disease is compatible with a proportionality model of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs. Muscle biopsies of affected patients showed an increased number of abnormal muscle mitochondria. Serum levels of pyruvate or pyruvate and lactate were elevated. The most severely affected patient had constant myoclonic jerking, dementia, ataxia, spasticity, hearing loss, and hypoventilation. Cerebral dysfunction in patients with mild involvement was marked by prominent photic driving seen on electroencephalograms and high-amplitude visual and somatosensory evoked responses but no myoclonus, ataxia, or dementia. The individual clinical features of the disease worsen over time for all patients; however, mildly affected patients have not become moderately affected and moderately affected patients have not become severely affected.
A decidable first-order logic for knowledge representation (1985)

Even though logic has played an important role in knowledge representation (KR) research, there has been little effort expended on devising decidable logics for KR. Most modifications to logic suggested for KR are either extensions to first-order logic (e.g., to handle non-monotonicity) or ad hoc changes in its inference mechanism. This paper presents a variant of first-order relevance logic that has a decidable algorithm for determining tautological entailment. Although this logic is considerably weaker than standard first-order logic, it can be used effectively in a KR system when semantically correct answers to queries are required within a finite amount of time.