gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static Target Identification Based on the Simulation of Thermal Infrared Image (2012)

Based on the principle of the simulation of the infrared thermal image, the static aircraft in the background of cement surface, at 2:00, 11:00, 14:00, are simulated under the remote sensors with spatial resolution of 5m and 10m. The evaluation is based on the radiance of target and the background extracted from the simulation image. The results indicate that the method in this paper can reflect the difference of radiance between the static target and the background which is useful in the target identification.
Electro-optic S-parameter and electric-fieldprofilingmeasurement of microwave integrated circuits (1999)

An S-parameter measurement system based on electro-optic sampling for the on-wafer testing of microwave integrated circuits is presented. Conventional network-analyser measurements on passive circuits up to 20 GHz are used to establish a calibration and measurement procedure to allow S21 measurement on further circuits with 0.5 dB uncertainty. Extension of these rules to the noninvasive testing of active microwave circuits, coupling waveguides and digital circuits is demonstrated with a spatial resolution of 8 µm and submillivolt sensitivity.
Electron transparent nanotubes reveal crystallization pathways in confinement (2023)

The cylindrical pores of track-etched membranes offer excellent environments for studying the effects of confinement on crystallization as the pore diameter is readily varied and the anisotropic morphologies can direct crystal orientation. However, the inability to image individual crystals <i>in situ</i> within the pores in this system has prevented many of the underlying mechanisms from being characterized. Here, we study the crystallization of calcium sulfate within track-etched membranes and reveal that oriented gypsum forms in 200 nm diameter pores, bassanite in 25-100 nm pores and anhydrite in 10 nm pores. The crystallization pathways are then studied by coating the membranes with an amorphous titania layer prior to mineralization to create electron transparent nanotubes that protect fragile precursor materials. By visualizing the evolutionary pathways of the crystals within the pores we show that the product single crystals derive from multiple nucleation events and that orientation is determined at early reaction times. Finally, the transformation of bassanite to gypsum within the membrane pores is studied using experiment and potential mean force calculations and is shown to proceed by localized dissolution/reprecipitation. This work provides insight into the effects of confinement on crystallization processes, which is relevant to mineral formation in many real-world environments.
Regulator of G Protein Signaling RGS3T Is Localized to the Nucleus and Induces Apoptosis (2000)

RGS3 belongs to a family of the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS). We previously demonstrated that cytosolic RGS3 translocates to the membrane to inhibit G(q/11) signaling (Dulin, N. O., Sorokin, A., Reed, E., Elliott, S., Kehrl, J., and Dunn, M. J. (1999) Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 714-723). This study examines the properties of a recently identified truncated variant termed RGS3T. Both RGS3 and RGS3T bound to endogenous Galpha(q/11) and inhibited endothelin-1-stimulated calcium mobilization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity to a similar extent. However, unlike cytosolically localized RGS3, RGS3T was found predominantly in the nucleus and partially in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, RGS3T, but not RGS3, caused cell rounding and membrane blebbing. Finally, 44% of RGS3T-transfected cells underwent apoptosis after serum withdrawal, which was significantly higher than that of RGS3-transfected cells (7%). Peptide sequence analysis revealed two potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences in RGS3T. Further truncation of the RGS3T N terminus containing putative NLSs resulted in a significant reduction of nuclear versus cytoplasmic staining of the protein. Moreover, this truncated RGS3T no longer induced apoptosis. In summary, RGS3 and its truncated variant RGS3T are similar in their ability to inhibit G(q/11) signaling but are different in their intracellular distribution. These data suggest that, in addition to being a GTPase-activating protein, RGS3T has other distinct functions in the nucleus of the cell.
Histamine and acetylcholine receptor involvement in sensorimotor gating: an autoradiography study (2014)

<ns4:p>Sensory gating is a way by which the brain manages sensory information flow. For optimal allocation of neural resources, it is important to be able to screen out (or “gate”) irrelevant sensory information when another stimulus is being processed. Sensorimotor gating more generally refers to the overall process of modulation of the motor responses to sensory stimuli. Impaired sensorimotor gating is seen in a variety of neurobehavioral disorders including schizophrenia, autism and sensory processing disorder. The degree of sensorimotor gating can be studied behaviorally by indexing prepulse inhibition (PPI). PPI reflects the degree of suppression of a startle response to an intense sensory stimulus when it is preceded by a more modest sensory stimulus. The neural circuitry underlying PPI has been shown to include dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. We previously found that histaminergic H1 receptors also play important roles in sensorimotor gating: the acute administration of the histamine H1 antagonist, pyrilamine, significantly reverses the PPI impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801). The current study was conducted to determine the anatomic bases for histaminergic and cholinergic regulation of the effect of NMDA antagonism on PPI. Using autoradiography, we found that pyrilamine treatment decreased H1 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate, which correlated with PPI improvement. Furthermore, we found that pyrilamine treatment resulted in increased α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the insular cortex, which also correlated with PPI improvement. These findings shed light on the interaction between histamine and acetylcholine signaling in a distributed network of PPI modulation.</ns4:p>
Iron loading modifies the fatty acid composition of cultured rat myocardial cells and liposomal vesicles: effect of ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol on myocardial lipid peroxidation. (1989)

Increased generation of free radicals and accelerated lipid peroxidation are important manifestations of iron toxicity. We have studied the effect of iron loading on lipid peroxidation in cultured rat myocardial cells by direct measurement of the fatty acid composition of cellular lipids. Iron loading produced by 24-hour incubation of cultured cells with 0.36 mmol/L ferric ammonium citrate resulted in a moderate reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as 22:5 and 22:6. A more drastic reduction in PUFAs and an apparent reciprocal increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids were both obtained after 24 hours of incubation of liposomal vesicles prepared from whole cell lipid extracts with iron at between pH 4.5 and pH 5.5. Reduction of 22:5 and 22:6 was first noticed at 3 hours, and undetectable levels were reached by 12 and 24 hours of incubation. Ascorbate had a biphasic effect on liposomal PUFA levels: at low concentrations (0.057 mmol/L) it enhanced the iron-induced changes in liposomal fatty acid composition, but at higher concentrations (0.57 and 5.7 mmol/L), it inhibited these changes. Unlike ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol (0.023 to 2.3 mmol/L) inhibited the iron-induced reduction in PUFAs in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition of the iron effect at 2.3 mmol/L. These observations underline the particular sensitivity of PUFAs to iron-induced lipid peroxidation. They also illustrate the ability of ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol to modify iron-induced lipid peroxidation. Further studies are required to explore the possible therapeutic implications of these observations in clinical iron overload.
Predicting Protein Functions from Protein Interaction Networks (2011)

Functional characterization of genes and their protein products is essential to biological and clinical research. Yet, there is still no reliable way of assigning functional annotations to proteins in a high-throughput manner. In this chapter, the authors provide an introduction to the task of automated protein function prediction. They discuss about the motivation for automated protein function prediction, the challenges faced in this task, as well as some approaches that are currently available. In particular, they take a closer look at methods that use protein-protein interaction for protein function prediction, elaborating on their underlying techniques and assumptions, as well as their strengths and limitations.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Operation Study of a Bench Compact Gyromagnetic NLTL (2021)

There is a great interest in searching for alternative technologies for radiofrequency generation for diverse applications in the academic community. The goal is to develop even more cheap and more simple systems compared to the existing ones. This project intends to reach an alternative way of RF generation in pulsed transmission systems employing a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line (GNLTL) for potential space-based applications. In short, the paper´s goal is to present the experimental results using a 60-cm gyromagnetic line to provide RF in the GHz range using solenoid or permanent magnets for axial magnetic bias on a testing bench. Finally, the paper discusses the influence of the voltage source and the axial bias on the output signal with the ferrite rings operating in saturation state during the current pulse application, besides the pulse modulation analysis for both bias sources.
Polyamine deprivation, malnutrition and tumor growth. (1992)

Feeding an artificial, essentially polyamine-free diet which contained antibiotics for the decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract and 2-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (DFMO) and N,N'-bis-(2,3-butadienyl)putrescine for the inactivation of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine oxidase, respectively, retarded the growth of several solid tumors by about 80%. In the present work the contribution of the major components of the treatment were analysed, using Lewis lung carcinoma growing in the hind leg of female C57BL mice. In addition to polyamine deprivation, malnutrition due to decreased food intake turned out to contribute significantly to tumor growth retardation. Ornithine decarboxylase was shown to be incompletely inhibited by administration of DFMO with the diet. A considerable improvement of polyamine deprivation can be expected from the continuous administration of this drug, or from analogous inhibitors with more favourable enzyme- and pharmaco-kinetic properties.
Role of the l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in ischaemic/reoxygenation injury of the human myocardium (2000)

The role of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in myocardial ischaemic/reperfusion injury remains controversial in experimental animal models. The aim of the present studies was to investigate the role of this pathway in the human myocardium. Myocardial specimens from right atrial appendages of patients undergoing elective coronary bypass graft surgery were incubated in crystalloid buffer at 37 degrees C and subjected to 120 min of simulated ischaemia followed by 120 min of reoxygenation. Tested drugs were added 15 min before ischaemia, and maintained during ischaemia and throughout reoxygenation. Ischaemia resulted in severe myocardial damage, as assessed by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the incubation medium and by the capacity of the tissue to reduce 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan product. L-Arginine (10 mM), a precursor of NO, significantly decreased LDH leakage (from 9.0+/-0.6 to 5.3+/-0.3 units/g wet wt; P<0.05), but had no effect on MTT reduction or oxygen consumption. D-Arginine (10 mM), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 0.5 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor, and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (at 1, 100, 500 and 1000 microM), an NO donor, had no significant effects on the measured indices, and L-NAME did not reverse the protection afforded by L-arginine against LDH leakage. In addition, the formation of nitrotyrosine was not influenced by ischaemia/reoxygenation alone or by the agents investigated. In conclusion, these data suggest that L-arginine affords modest protection against ischaemic/reoxygenation injury of the human myocardium, an action that is NO-independent, and that NO metabolism does not play a significant role in this model.
Breast Conservation Therapy for Invasive Breast Cancer in Ashkenazi Women With BRCA Gene Founder Mutations (1999)

Women with BRCA founder mutations are at increased risk for breast cancer-related events after breast conservation. However, mutation status is not an independent predictor of survival and should not influence decisions regarding adjuvant therapy. The increased contralateral breast cancer risk in women heterozygous for BRCA mutations mandates careful surveillance.
Reduction of motion artifacts in cine MRI using variable‐density spiral trajectories (1997)

Dynamic cardiac imaging in MRI is a very challenging task. To obtain high spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), single-shot imaging is not sufficient. Use of multishot techniques resolves this problem but can cause motion artifacts because of data inconsistencies between views. Motion artifacts can be reduced by signal averaging at some cost in increased scan time. However, for the same increase in scan time, other techniques can be more effective than simple averaging in reducing the artifacts. If most of the energy of the inconsistencies is limited to a certain region of kappa-space, increased sampling density (oversampling) in this region can be especially effective in reducing motion artifacts. In this work, several variable-density spiral trajectories are designed and tested. Their efficiencies for artifact reduction are evaluated in computer simulations and in scans of normal volunteers. The SNR compromise of these trajectories is also investigated. The authors conclude that variable-density spiral trajectories can effectively reduce motion artifacts with a small loss in SNR as compared with a uniform density counterpart.
ULTRATHIN ENDOSCOPE‐ASSISTED ERCP FOR INACCESSIBLE PERIDIVERTICULAR PAPILLA BY A SINGLE‐BALLOON ENTEROSCOPE IN A PATIENT WITH ROUX‐EN‐Y ANASTOMOSIS (2010)

We describe a case of successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using an ultrathin endoscope for inaccessible peridiverticular papilla by a single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in a patient with Roux-en Y (R-Y). A 73-year-old man who had total gastrectomy with R-Y for gastric cancer was admitted for acute cholangitis. Although the SBE could be advanced to the end of the afferent loop, we could not identify a major papilla, although a duodenal diverticula could be observed. The enteroscope was replaced with an ultrathin endoscope. The ultrathin endoscope allowed the papilla to be detected distal to the side of the diverticula. After pre-cutting, the ultraslim endoscope was replaced with a conventional forward-viewing endoscope. Eventually, the stones were completely removed using a balloon catheter and basket without procedure-related complication.
Reduction of Antibiotic Use in the Community Reduces the Rate of Colonization with Penicillin G--Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (2005)

Intensive educational strategies aimed at optimizing antibiotic use can significantly reduce the rate of PNSP colonization in areas with high resistance rates.
Spectral and lifetime domain measurements of rat brain tumours (2012)

During glioblastoma surgery, delineation of the brain tumour margins remains difficult especially since infiltrated and normal tissues have the same visual appearance. This problematic constitutes our research interest. We developed a fibre-optical fluorescence probe for spectroscopic and time domain measurements. First measurements of endogenous tissue fluorescence were performed on fresh and fixed rat tumour brain slices. Spectral characteristics, fluorescence redox ratios and fluorescence lifetime measurements were analysed. Fluorescence information collected from both, lifetime and spectroscopic experiments, appeared promising for tumour tissue discrimination. Two photon measurements were performed on the same fixed tissue. Different wavelengths are used to acquire two-photon excitation-fluorescence of tumorous and healthy sites.
Biomarkers in the setting of benign prostatic hyperplasia-induced lower urinary tract symptoms: what an interventional radiologist needs to know (2020)

With increasing evidence to support prostate artery embolization (PAE) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-induced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), Interventional Radiologists have begun to play an important role in the management of these patients. One area of knowledge needed when developing a PAE practice is knowledge of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and other biomarkers utilized to detect prostate cancer in this population and what role they should play in the work up and follow-up of patients presenting with presumed BPH-induced LUTS. Furthermore, understanding how to evaluate presumed BPH-induced LUTS and stratify the risk of prostate cancer is an important skill to develop. The goal of this review is to provide Interventional Radiologists who have begun or aim to begin a PAE practice with the information they need to know regarding PSA levels and prostate cancer risk stratification for this patient population.
Analgesic Drugs and Drug Dependence* (1967)

A discussion of our subject this evening, “Analgesic Drugs and Drug Dependence”, should draw from the work of several disciplines; chemistry, physiology, pharmacology, sociology, psychology, as well as general medicine and psychiatry. But I am a chemist with a deeply implanted interest in but a superficial knowledge of pharmacology and must restrict myself mostly to chemical and pharmacological data. Also, though drug dependence and its problems have a much broader connotation, I shall speak only of morphine‐like analgesic agents and drug dependence of the morphine type.
Relativistic separable dual-space Gaussian pseudopotentials from H to Rn (1998)

We generalize the concept of separable dual-space Gaussian pseudopotentials to the relativistic case. This allows us to construct this type of pseudopotential for the whole Periodic Table, and we present a complete table of pseudopotential parameters for all the elements from H to Rn. The relativistic version of this pseudopotential retains all the advantages of its nonrelativistic version. It is separable by construction, it is optimal for integration on a real-space grid, it is highly accurate, and, due to its analytic form, it can be specified by a very small number of parameters. The accuracy of the pseudopotential is illustrated by an extensive series of molecular calculations.
Performance of finite field arithmetic in an elliptic curve cryptosystem (2002)

The computational cost of encryption is a barrier to wider application of a variety of data security protocols. Virtually all research on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) provides evidence to suggest that ECC can provide a family of encryption algorithms that require fewer computational resources for implementation than do current widely used methods. This efficiency is obtained since ECC allows much shorter key lengths for equivalent levels of security. This paper suggests how improvements in execution of ECC algorithms can be obtained by changing the representation of the elements of the finite field of the ECC algorithm. Specifically, this research compares the time complexity of ECC computation over a variety of finite fields with elements expressed in the polynomial basis (PB) and normal basis (NB). Results presented here suggest that NB representations reduce the average aggregate time to perform basic ECC operations by a factor of 40 compared to the time required for operations in PB representation. A comparison of execution times for ECC and discrete log implementations of the ElGamal protocol is also presented.
Symptomatic Parainfluenza Virus Infections in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2011)

Parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections cause significant mortality in adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Children are more prone to PIV infections than adults; however, data on the epidemiology of these infections in children undergoing HSCT are limited. This study examined the incidence of symptomatic PIV infections, risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and the impact on mortality after pediatric HSCT. A total of 1028 children who underwent HSCT between 1995 and 2009 were studied. PIV infections were detected in 46 of the 738 patients tested for respiratory infection (6.2%). PIV infection was the most common symptomatic respiratory viral infection in this population. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, receipt of an allogeneic transplant (P < .0001) and total body irradiation-based conditioning (P < .0001) were associated with increased risk of acquiring symptomatic PIV infection. Of the 46 HSCT patients with PIV infection, 18 (39%) had an LRTI. LRTI was associated with PIV infection in the first 100 days post-HSCT (P = .006), use of steroids (P = .035), and absolute leukocyte count (ALC) <100 cells/μL at the onset of infection (P < .0001). An ALC of <500 cells/μL was associated with prolonged viral shedding (P = .045). Six (13%) HSCT patients died of PIV infection. Mortality was associated with African-American ethnicity (P = .013), LRTI (P = .002), use of steroids (P < .0001), mechanical ventilation (P < .0001), and ALC <100 cells/μL at the onset of infection (P = .01). PIV infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in children undergoing HSCT.
Extended Ceramide Exposure Activates the trkA Receptor by Increasing Receptor Homodimer Formation (1999)

Abstract: Binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the trkA tyrosine kinase receptor results in receptor homodimer formation, transphosphorylation, and kinase activation that supports neuronal differentiation and survival. We have shown previously that short‐term exposure of PC12 cells to brain‐derived neurotrophic factor or to C2‐ceramide activates a signaling pathway that results in serine phosphorylation of the trkA intracellular domain and reduces the ability of trkA to respond to NGF. Here we demonstrate that extended C2‐ceramide exposure dramatically increases NGF‐induced trkA activation and further show that C2‐ceramide augments trkA tyrosine phosphorylation even in the absence of neurotrophin. This increase in trkA receptor phosphotyrosine is reflected in increased activation of both Erk1 and Erk2 and of the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase. The C2‐ceramide‐mediated increase in tyrosine phosphorylation is blocked completely by the trk kinase inhibitor K252A, indicating that this increase results from an effect of C2‐ceramide on trkA kinase activity. Consistent with this, crosslinking studies show that C2‐ceramide promotes the formation of active trkA receptor homodimers. Together, these data suggest that chronic C2‐ceramide treatment increases trkA activation by altering properties of the plasma membrane, which favors the formation of trkA homodimers.