gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Planning Epidemic Interventions with EpiPolicy (2021)

Model-driven policymaking for epidemic control is a challenging collaborative process. It begins when a team of public-health officials, epidemiologists, and economists construct a reasonably predictive disease model representative of the team’s region of interest as a function of its unique socio-economic and demographic characteristics. As the team considers possible interventions such as school closures, social distancing, vaccination drives, etc., they need to simultaneously model each intervention’s effect on disease spread and economic cost. The team then engages in an extensive what-if analysis process to determine a cost-effective policy: a schedule of when, where and how extensively each intervention should be applied. This policymaking process is often an iterative and laborious programming-intensive effort where parameters are introduced and refined, model and intervention behaviors are modified, and schedules changed. We have designed and developed EpiPolicy to support this effort.
Design guidelines for terahertz mixers and detectors (2005)

Twin-slot antennas and coplanar waveguides are a popular choice for coupling signals to state-of-the-art mixers and detectors at terahertz frequencies. Although these sensors show promising performance in terms of noise temperature, they usually also show a considerable downward shift in the center frequency of their spectral response, especially when compared with calculations obtained with commonly used simplified models. In this paper, we describe an accurate and complete electromagnetic model of these detectors, which represents a significant improvement over other published approaches. We present the procedure used to obtain a very good agreement between measurements and calculations at terahertz frequencies both in terms of center frequency and bandwidth. The wide variety of measured and calculated data presented in this paper also demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of the electromagnetic model in all the investigated frequency bands.
Motion estimation in ultrasound B-mode images using a maximum likelihood matching criterion (2002)

An optimal method for estimating motion in ultrasound B-mode images is presented. Such estimation is often needed for diagnostic purposes to distinguish regions of the image with differing motion. The block matching technique is adapted to the nature and statistics of these images, using maximum, likelihood (ML) estimation. In application to echocardiographic images, this approach is seen to give better results than standard block matching, without significantly increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Wee-1 Kinase Inhibition Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance Associated with High-Risk <i>TP53</i> Mutations in Head and Neck Cancer through Mitotic Arrest Followed by Senescence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Assessment of the degree of synergy between cisplatin and MK-1775 in HN30 (wild-type TP53) and HN31 (mutant TP53) HNSCC cells respectively using the Chou and Talalay method.&lt;/p&gt;
Design and Synthesis of Novel Threosyl-5′- Deoxyphosphonic Acid Purine Analogues as Potent Anti-Hiv Agents (2012)

The discovery of threosyl phosphonate nucleoside (PMDTA, EC₅₀ = 2.53 μM) as a potent anti-HIV agent has led to the synthesis and biological evaluation of 5 '-deoxyversions of threosyl phosphonate nucleosides from 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene. The synthesized nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues 14 and 19 were tested for anti-HIV activity as well as cytotoxicity. The adenine analogue 14 exhibits moderate in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity (EC₅₀ = 12.6 μM).
Regions Set in Stone—Delimiting and Categorizing Regions in Europe by Settlement Patterns Derived from EO-Data (2017)

The spatial patterns of landscapes are complex. Highly dense urban centers are not just mirrowed in a dichotomic sense by rural environments; landscapes are a spatially variable continuum. In this logic, nation-states (or any political or administrative unit) spatially integrate different types and physical appearances of land cover. Understanding regions in the sense that similar physical characteristics may construct alternative (natural) spatial entities which may sub-divide or cross-over adminstrative boundaries allows us to overcome common map projections. However, which indicators and which regional logics define and delimit regions is conceptually vague. With this paper we aim to add an empirical study to identify regional phenomena in Europe. To do so, we take advantage of a new data set from remote sensing, the Global Urban Footprint. It features European-wide consistent spatial information on settlement patterns. We use density and distribution of settlements as indicators for delimiting regions by similar characteristics. Our methodological approach classifies urban nodes (by settlement density and size), spans an unbounded soft space by the classification of spatial connectivity between nodes (by continuous settlement) and maps territorial entities (by density around nodes); the approach is following a space of place logic. From a geographic perspective we identify uneven development across Europe. The corridor streching from England via the Benelux areas via Germany, Switzerland, France to Northern Italy is mapped as the European backbone; however, new focal areas such as, e.g., towards eastern Europe are also detected. Applying a plausibility check reveals that the proxy settlement pattern corresponds well with regional conceptions presented in other studies.
Toxins-Antitoxins: Plasmid Maintenance, Programmed Cell Death, and Cell Cycle Arrest (2003)

Antibiotic resistance, virulence, and other plasmids in bacteria use toxin-antitoxin gene pairs to ensure their persistence during host replication. The toxin-antitoxin system eliminates plasmid-free cells that emerge as a result of segregation or replication defects and contributes to intra- and interspecies plasmid dissemination. Chromosomal homologs of toxin-antitoxin genes are widely distributed in pathogenic and other bacteria and induce reversible cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death in response to starvation or other adverse conditions. The dissection of the interaction of the toxins with intracellular targets and the elucidation of the tertiary structures of toxin-antitoxin complexes have provided exciting insights into toxin-antitoxin behavior.
The state of the art in propagation and mobile channel modeling [From the Guest Editors] (2015)

In recent years, the ever-increasing demand for multimedia services, high mobility, and global connectivity has resulted in an explosion of new technologies for wireless communication systems. The design of all components of wireless communication systems, ranging from digital modulation schemes over channel coding techniques up to higher-layer protocols, is influenced by the propagation characteristics of the mobile channel. A thorough understanding of mobile channels is, therefore, crucial for the development, performance optimization, and testing of present as well as next-generation mobile communication systems. This is the reason why exploring the mobile channel has been a key research topic since the beginning of mobile communications. Currently, the research on propagation and mobile channel modeling involves a variety of challenging topics, such as the modeling of vehicle-to-vehicle channels; high-speed railway channels; power-line communication channels; multiple-input, multiple output (MIMO) channels; air-to-ground channels for future unmanned aircraft systems; and indoor-to-outdoor channels, to name only a few. The objective of this special issue is to capture the state of the art in the fascinating areas of propagation and mobile channel modeling.
Evaluation of Digital Cardiovascular Angiographic Dynamic Images Using the DICOM Network (2000)

Cinefilm will gradually be replaced by some digital media for the archiving of angiographic images. We constructed a network system of coronary angiographic movies with an image server, two acquisition systems(Catheter Laboratory), and eight image viewers. We examined the image transmission speed of each modality, and that of the latest one was 7.2 frames per second. The review speed from network iamge to viewer is less than half the acquisition rate, but the review speed is not reduced by multiple, simultaneous requests to the server for the same data
379. Anthraquinone colouring matters : ruberythric acid (1936)

D. Richter, J. Chem. Soc., 1936, 1701 DOI: 10.1039/JR9360001701
High-Performance Aluminum-Ion Battery with CuS@C Microsphere Composite Cathode (2016)

On the basis of low-cost, rich resources, and safety performance, aluminum-ion batteries have been regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage batteries in large-scale energy applications. A rechargeable aluminum-ion battery has been fabricated based on a 3D hierarchical copper sulfide (CuS) microsphere composed of nanoflakes as cathode material and room-temperature ionic liquid containing AlCl<sub>3</sub> and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIm]Cl) as electrolyte. The aluminum-ion battery with a microsphere electrode exhibits a high average discharge voltage of ∼1.0 V vs Al/AlCl<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, reversible specific capacity of about 90 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 20 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, and good cyclability of nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles. Such remarkable electrochemical performance is attributed to the well-defined nanostructure of the cathode material facilitating the electron and ion transfer, especially for chloroaluminate ions with large size, which is desirable for aluminum-ion battery applications.
Preparation of LL-37-Grafted Titanium Surfaces with Bactericidal Activity (2006)

Modification of material surfaces aimed at bestowing them with antimicrobial properties is a promising approach in the development of new biomaterials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an attractive alternative to conventional antibiotics because of lack of toxicity, inherently high selectivity, and absence of immune response. As the antimicrobial mode of action of the AMP cathelin LL37 is formation of pores and disruption of microbial membrane, the purpose of the present study was to develop and test a method of covalent immobilization of LL37 on titanium surface. The application of a flexible hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) spacer and selective N-terminal conjugation of LL37 resulted in a surface peptide layer which was capable of killing bacteria on contact.
Inductor Current Zero-Crossing Detector and CCM/DCM Boundary Detector for Integrated High-Current Switched-Mode DC–DC Converters (2014)

This paper presents two circuits that allow us to accurately detect either the inductor current zero crossing, or the continuous/discontinous conduction modes boundary in the switched-mode dc-dc converters. Achieved detection accuracy allows us to improve the control and efficiency of the integrated high-output current converters, i.e., converters with low-resistance power switches. Detection is based on the voltage zero-cross detector, which provides ideally zero input-referred offset and very fast results. The concept of voltage polarity detector is based on the association of a dynamic current mirror and a simple autozero comparator. This paper describes the main concept of both circuits, aspects of the design allowing us to achieve high accuracy, and presents obtained results. Circuits' performances are demonstrated on the integrated step-down dc-dc converter with I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> = 2.5 A 30-mΩ NMOS power stage. Measured accuracy of the detection is in order of <;15 mA.
Protective effect of intranasal immunization withNeospora caninummembrane antigens against murine neosporosis established through the gastrointestinal tract (2013)

Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexa parasite that in the last two decades was acknowledged as the main pathogenic agent responsible for economic losses in the cattle industry. In the present study, the effectiveness of intranasal immunization with N. caninum membrane antigens plus CpG adjuvant was assessed in a murine model of intragastrically established neosporosis. Immunized mice presented a lower parasitic burden in the brain on infection with 5 × 10(7) tachyzoites, showing that significant protection was achieved by this immunization strategy. Intestinal IgA antibodies raised by immunization markedly agglutinated live N. caninum tachyzoites whereas previous opsonization with IgG antibodies purified from immunized mice sera reduced parasite survival within macrophage cells. Although an IgG1 : IgG2a ratio < 1 was detected in the immunized mice before and after infection, indicative of a predominant T helper type 1 immune response, no increased production of interferon-γ was detected in the spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes of the immunized mice. Altogether, these results show that mucosal immunization with N. caninum membrane proteins plus CpG adjuvant protect against intragastrically established neosporosis and indicate that parasite-specific mucosal and circulating antibodies have a protective role against this parasitic infection.
Quantum mechanical effects in plasmonic structures with subnanometre gaps (2016)

Metallic structures with nanogap features have proven highly effective as building blocks for plasmonic systems, as they can provide a wide tuning range of operating frequencies and large near-field enhancements. Recent work has shown that quantum mechanical effects such as electron tunnelling and nonlocal screening become important as the gap distances approach the subnanometre length-scale. Such quantum effects challenge the classical picture of nanogap plasmons and have stimulated a number of theoretical and experimental studies. This review outlines the findings of many groups into quantum mechanical effects in nanogap plasmons, and discusses outstanding challenges and future directions.
Shear hysteresis of rock at intermediate strains (1995)

Rocks with appropriate microsctructure are nonlinear with hysteresis in the strain range 10-6 to 10-3 while showing little permanent damage during deformation. Nonlinear effects alter strong motions produced by earthquakes and explosions and may lead to new methods for relating the mechanical properties of rock to microstructure and transport properties. Results of laboratory torsion experiments will be presented to demonstrate that various nonlinear responses appear when granite and sandstone samples are driven in harmonic motion at low frequencies with increasing amplitudes. Modulus reduction, amplitude-dependent attenuation and harmonic generation occur and depend on microstructural parameters, including microfracture density and pore fluid content. Friction and adhesion at internal surfaces and the deformation of fluid phases in pores all play a role in these observed phenomena. Numerical constitutive models which include micromechanics are being developed to simulate nonlinear behavior for comparison with experiment. [Sponsored by OBES geosciences and performed under the auspices of the U. S. DOE by LLNLL under Contract W-7405-ENG-48.]
Assessment of Tiny Machine-Learning Computing Systems Under Neutron-Induced Radiation Effects (2022)

This article compares and assesses the effectiveness of three prominent machine learning (ML) models for tiny ML computing systems in tolerating neutron-induced soft errors. Results of 14-MeV and thermal neutron radiation tests suggest that the three case-study ML algorithms implemented—without any mitigation technique integrated—retain a certain intrinsic level of effectiveness in tolerating neutron effects, although all of them have been functionally interrupted on some occasions, requiring hardware resets. Notably, the implemented case-study ML algorithm “random forest” has performed no misclassification during the different radiation testing campaigns.
Synthesis of α-Acylamino-β-oxo Acid Esters (1993)

α-Acylamino-β-oxo acid esters are prepared by reaction of carboxylic acid chlorides with the dilithium derivative of alkyl hydrogen (acylamino)malonate.
Role of incoherent dynamics in determining the electrical response of exciton-polaron complexes in pulsed magnetic resonance (2015)

Triplet-exciton polaron quenching can lead to large changes in sample conductivity in organic devices. The application of pulsed magnetic resonance leads to changes in the quenching process by coherently driving spin populations between different eigenstates. Here, we investigate the influence of the exciton-polaron dissociation, intersystem crossing, and recombination rates on the electrical response of a device following such resonant excitation. Although these incoherent processes often occur on time scales that are orders of magnitude slower than coherent mixing, we find that they have a major influence on the electrical response. For example, as the relative recombination and dissociation rates are varied, certain resonant transitions can become electrically invisible. We demonstrate that transitions between different regimes are determined by a dimensionless parameter $\ensuremath{\chi}=\frac{r}{d}$, the ratio of the recombination to the dissociation rate.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Synthetic Triterpenoid Cyano Enone of Methyl Boswellate Activates Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Cell Death Pathways in Tumor Cell Lines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 233K&lt;/p&gt;
Aerobic Bacteriology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media without Cholesteatoma in Children (1992)

Medical management of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma in children was shown recently to be efficacious. We undertook a prospective study in order to determine 1) the organisms associated with the disease and their sensitivity to various antibiotics and 2) their association with clinical variables. Pseudomonas was isolated from 84% of the patients, enteric gram-negative bacilli from 32%, Staphylococcus aureus from 20%, streptococci from 14%, and Hemophilus influenzae from 15%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the sole isolate in 48 of the 128 patients (38%). The sensitivity of P aeruginosa (78 isolates) was 100% (of isolates) to mezlocillin and ciprofloxacin, 99% to tobramycin and ceftazidime, 97% to piperacillin, 94% to gentamicin, and 78% to ceftriaxone. The isolated organisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics were not associated with age, sex, duration of otorrhea, or the presence of granulation tissue or polyps. We believe that our data may contribute to the appropriate choice of antibiotics when nonsurgical management of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma is considered.
Levoamphetamine and Dextroamphetamine: Differential Effect on Aggression and Hyperkinesis in Children and Dogs (1973)

In laboratory experiments with hyperkinetic, untrainable dogs and in a comparison of levoamphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and placebo in children, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine were found to be approximately equal in calming an aggressive, hostile dog and in benefiting "unsocialized-aggressive" children: dextroamphetamine was more effective than levoamphetamine in calming "nervousness" and hyperactivity in dogs and in overanxious-hyperkinetic children. These data suggest that in the hyperkinetic syndrome, aggression and hostility may be benefited equally by levoamphetamine or dextroamphetamine via a dopaminergic mechanism, while anxiety and overactivity may be benefited significantly only by the dextro isomer via a norepinephrinergic mechanism.
Integrating high levels of wind in island systems: Lessons form Hawaii (2011)

Variability of power generation from intermittent resources such as wind and solar plants presents an operational challenge for grid operators. The economic incentives and technical challenges that accompany large amounts of variable generation in island power systems are often much greater. The Hawaiian Electric Company and its subsidiaries, the Maui Electric Company and the Hawaii Electric Light Company have considerable experience in planning and operating power systems with relatively high levels of wind power. The islands of Hawaii and Maui operate power systems with high levels of wind power (more than 10% by energy) and have experienced and addressed challenges associated with the variability and uncertainty of wind power. The island of Maui is anticipating further wind plant deployments in the near future. Recent analyses of possible near-term deployment of large amounts of wind power on the Oahu power system (500MW of wind power; approximately 1200MW peak and 520MW minimum annual load) has shown the potential for this system to accept almost 25% of its energy from wind and solar power. This paper will identify some of the wind integration challenges and highlight the benefits of a variety of strategies that are expected to improve system economics and operational reliability, including proposed modifications to the baseload thermal fleet (deeper turndown, higher ramp rates, and tuned droop characteristics), advanced wind turbine grid support features, new operating strategies, wind forecasting and refinements to the up and down reserve requirements. This paper will present the key findings in the context of useful insights and lessons learned that are relevant to other island power systems considering very high levels of wind power.
First steps toward scientific cyber-security experimentation in wide-area cyber-physical systems (2013)

This extended abstract reports on steps towards an environment for repeatable and scalable experiments on wide-area cyber-physical systems. The cyber-physical systems that underlie the world's critical infrastructure are increasingly vulnerable to attack and failure. Our work has focused on secure and resilient communication technology for the electric power grid, a subset of the general cyber-physical problem. We have demonstrated tools and methodology for experimentation with GridStat, a middleware system designed to provide enhanced communication service for the grid, within the DETERlab cyber-security testbed. Experiment design tools for DETERlab and for GridStat will ease the creation and execution of relatively large experiments, and they should make this environment accessible to users inexperienced with cluster testbeds. This abstract presents brief overviews of DETERLab and of GridStat and describes their integration. It also describes a large scale GridStat/DETERlab experiment.
A New Direct Overwrite Method by Light Intensity Modulation with Multi Layered Magneto-Optical Discs (1989)

We have found possibility of performing direct overwriting by light intensity modulation with only one conventional bias magnet using a new type of exchange-coupled double-layered film. The biggest characteristic of this film is existence of hysteresis of temperature distribution in the film for the light intensity and that makes overwriting possible.
Neural Transfer Learning for Cry-Based Diagnosis of Perinatal Asphyxia (2019)

Despite continuing medical advances, the rate of newborn morbidity and mortality globally remains high, with over 6 million casualties every year. The prediction of pathologies affecting newborns based on their cry is thus of significant clinical interest, as it would facilitate the development of accessible, low-cost diagnostic tools\cut{ based on wearables and smartphones}. However, the inadequacy of clinically annotated datasets of infant cries limits progress on this task. This study explores a neural transfer learning approach to developing accurate and robust models for identifying infants that have suffered from perinatal asphyxia. In particular, we explore the hypothesis that representations learned from adult speech could inform and improve performance of models developed on infant speech. Our experiments show that models based on such representation transfer are resilient to different types and degrees of noise, as well as to signal loss in time and frequency domains.