gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Dual-Backplate based Airborne CMUTs with Enhanced Bandwidth (2020)

This work presents a lumped element based model of an airborne capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) based on a dual-backplate MEMS technology. The model is derived from analytical equations of a deflected circular membrane and includes physical effects occurring in the electrical, mechanical and acoustical energy domain and their bidirectional coupling. The resulting model considers a nonlinear capacitive transduction and hence accounts for electrostatic spring-softening while allowing an implementation and simulation in standard circuit simulation tools supporting behavioural modeling via hardware description languages (HDL), such as Verilog-A. A verification by Laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV) of dual-backplate CMUT prototypes shows a good agreement between measurement and simulation. Moreover, a wide fractional bandwidth of 29% and high peak displacement amplitudes of 259 nm/V at low bias voltages of 8V are confirmed for the fabricated CMUT samples. Finally it is shown, that the transducer bandwidth can be changed by adjusting the perforation density of the transducer backplates.
Cyclotrons, radionuclides, precursors, and demands for routine versus research compounds (1984)

Accelerators for producing commonly used short-lived positron emitters for positron emission tomography are addressed in the context of their use for the preparation of labeled compounds for research and routine biomedical applications. Progress and direction in the preparation and use of radiotracers for studies of the brain are discussed. Advancement to complete automation is stressed as an important factor for the eventual use of positron emission tomography as a routine clinical tool in universities and major medical centers.
Mathematical Finance: A Very Short Introduction (2019)

Oxford University Press started its ‘A Very Short Introduction’ series in 1995 and the series now covers over 550 topics ranging (alphabetically) from Abolitionism to Zionism. A book in the series ...
Metadata representation and risk management framework for preservation processes in AV archives (2014)

This paper proposes an approach to assessing risks related to audiovisual (AV) preservation processes through gathering and representing metadata. We define a model for process metadata,which is interoperable with both business process models and other preservation metadata formats. A risk management framework is also suggested to help key decision makers to plan and execute preservation processes in a manner that reduces the risk of ‘damage’ to AV content. The framework uses a plan, do,check, act cycle to continuously improve the process based on risk measures and impact model. The process metadata serves as the interface between the steps in the framework and enables a unified approach to data gathering from the heterogeneous tools&lt;br/&gt;and devices used in an AV preservation workflow.
Control of Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1999)

In this example of a hospital with endemic MRSA infection, selective screening and isolation of carriers on ICU admission are beneficial compared with no isolation.
A study on the evaluation method and recent clinical efficacy of bevacizumab on the treatment of radiation cerebral necrosis (2016)

In order to investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab on the treatment of radiation cerebral necrosis, patients who were diagnosed with radiation cerebral necrosis by imaging after stereotactic radiotherapy were collected. Bevacizumab was applied at a dose of 5 mg/kg once every three weeks at least three times. The changes in cerebral necrosis symptoms before and after treatment, the cerebral edema volume, the cerebral necrosis volume, and the changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) strengthening phase signals of cerebral necrosis were used as the first observation point. The side effects of bevacizumab were used as the second observation point. Total of 14 radiation cerebral necrosis patients were treated with bevacizumab between June 2011 and February 2013 were collected. There were 12 symptomatic patients, of whom 10 patients (83.3%) had reduced symptoms. The edema index grades of nine patients (64.29%) improved. The cerebral necrosis volumes of 13 patients (92.86%) decreased. The T1 phase signal strengths of the intracranial enhanced MRIs of 12 patients (85.71%) significantly decreased. The clinical side effects of bevacizumab were mild. In conclusion, Preliminary results showed that treatment of radiation cerebral necrosis using bevacizumab was safe and effective. This treatment measure is worthy of further study.
CelG from Clostridium cellulolyticum: a multidomain endoglucanase acting efficiently on crystalline cellulose (1997)

The gene coding for CelG, a family 9 cellulase from Clostridium cellulolyticum, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Four different forms of the protein were genetically engineered, purified, and studied: CelGL (the entire form of CelG), CelGcat1 (the catalytic domain of CelG alone), CelGcat2 (CelGcat1 plus 91 amino acids at the beginning of the cellulose binding domain [CBD]), and GST-CBD(CelG) (the CBD of CelG fused to glutathione S-transferase). The biochemical properties of CelG were compared with those of CelA, an endoglucanase from C. cellulolyticum which was previously studied. CelG, like CelA, was found to have an endo cutting mode of activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) but exhibited greater activity on crystalline substrates (bacterial microcrystalline cellulose and Avicel) than CelA. As observed with CelA, the presence of the nonhydrolytic miniscaffolding protein (miniCipC1) enhanced the activity of CelG on phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC), but to a lesser extent. The absence of the CBD led to the complete inactivation of the enzyme. The abilities of CelG and GST-CBD(CelG) to bind various substrates were also studied. Although the entire enzyme is able to bind to crystalline cellulose at a limited number of sites, the chimeric protein GST-CBD(CelG) does not bind to either of the tested substrates (Avicel and PASC). The lack of independence between the two domains and the weak binding to cellulose suggest that this CBD-like domain may play a special role and be either directly or indirectly involved in the catalytic reaction.
ILM facial performance capture (2016)

Industrial Light & Magic utilized facial capture technology on a massive scale to bring more than two dozen computer-generated characters to life in the new Warcraft, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and Star Wars films. Here we present our flexible proprietary facial capture system which was used to faithfully translate all the subtle nuances, lip movements, and saccades of over 1200 facial performances onto editable, artist-friendly animation rigs, and ultimately the big screen.
Sidewinder (2016)

Applications that perform continuous sensing on mobile phones have the potential to revolutionize everyday life. Examples range from medical and health monitoring applications, such as pedometers and fall detectors, to participatory sensing applications, such as noise pollution, traffic and seismic activity monitoring. Unfortunately, current mobile devices are a poor match for continuous sensing applications as they require the device to remain awake for extended periods of time, resulting in poor battery life. This paper presents Sidewinder, a new approach towards offloading sensor data processing to a low-power processor and waking up the main processor when events of interest occur. This approach differs from other heterogeneous architectures in that developers are presented with a programming interface that lets them construct application specific wake-up conditions by linking together and parameterizing predefined sensor data processing algorithms. Our experiments indicate performance that is comparable to approaches that provide fully programmable offloading, but do so with a much simpler programming interface that facilitates deployment and portability.
Heterogeneity in longitudinal deterioration of white matter microstructural integrity in the population and its implications for cognitive aging (2020)

Abstract Background White matter (WM) changes are widely seen in the elderly due to aging and pathological processes and have significant impact on cognitive aging. It is critical to understand the heterogeneity and drivers (causes) of the longitudinal deterioration of WM microstructural integrity, especially in a population‐based sample, to provide mechanistic insights into cognitive and brain aging. Method Leveraging longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, we assessed whether individuals clustered based on distinct longitudinal fractional anisotropy (FA) trajectories. A total of 533 subjects (487 cognitively unimpaired, 62 with mild cognitive impairment and 4 with dementia diagnosis) aged ≥ 60 years and with at least two DTI scans (125 subjects had at least 3 scans) were included. To identify clusters of individuals with common FA profiles over time, we applied an in‐house longitudinal Bayesian mixed‐effects clustering analysis framework to the imaging data. Age at MRI accounted for the longitudinal component of the model, while sex and APOE4 carrier status were used as fixed effects. Result We identified four distinct clusters (Figure 1). We found that most WM tracts decline with age across all clusters but brainstem and association fibers were least likely to decline with aging. APOE4 carriership and amyloid deposition did not differ between the clusters. We found a resilient cluster of individuals (34%) (cluster 1) with better baseline WM and systemic vascular health who had a slower rate of cognitive and WM integrity decline over time. These individuals had highest baseline commissural and association fibers. The resilient group was in contrast to an “at risk” cluster of individuals (16%) (cluster 2) who had lower baseline WM integrity and systemic health and declined the fastest in both WM health and cognition over time Conclusion Longitudinal clustering of WM tracts provided insights into the differential aging of WM in the population which may be unrelated to Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology. Measuring overall WM health and vulnerable tracts in the elderly can be useful as biomarkers and aid in the identification of “at risk” groups for prevention of future cognitive decline.
The DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Activity Regulates DNA End Processing by Means of Ku Entry into DNA (1999)

The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is required for double-strand break repair in mammalian cells. DNA-PK contains the heterodimer Ku and a 460-kDa serine/threonine kinase catalytic subunit (p460). Ku binds in vitro to DNA termini or other discontinuities in the DNA helix and is able to enter the DNA molecule by an ATP-independent process. It is clear from in vitro experiments that Ku stimulates the recruitment to DNA of p460 and activates the kinase activity toward DNA-binding protein substrates in the vicinity. Here, we have examined in human nuclear cell extracts the influence of the kinase catalytic activity on Ku binding to DNA. We demonstrate that, although Ku can enter DNA from free ends in the absence of p460 subunit, the kinase activity is required for Ku translocation along the DNA helix when the whole Ku/p460 assembles on DNA termini. When the kinase activity is impaired, DNA-PK including Ku and p460 is blocked at DNA ends and prevents their processing by either DNA polymerization, degradation, or ligation. The control of Ku entry into DNA by DNA-PK catalytic activity potentially represents an important regulation of DNA transactions at DNA termini.
Subnuclear compartmentalization of sequence-specific transcription factors and regulation of eukaryotic gene expression (2005)

To date, the majority of the research regarding eukaryotic transcription factors has focused on characterizing their function primarily through in vitro methods. These studies have revealed that transcription factors are essentially modular structures, containing separate regions that participate in such activities as DNA binding, protein-protein interaction, and transcriptional activation or repression. To fully comprehend the behavior of a given transcription factor, however, these domains must be analyzed in the context of the entire protein, and in certain cases the context of a multiprotein complex. Furthermore, it must be appreciated that transcription factors function in the nucleus, where they must contend with a variety of factors, including the nuclear architecture, chromatin domains, chromosome territories, and cell-cycle-associated processes. Recent examinations of transcription factors in the nucleus have clarified the behavior of these proteins in vivo and have increased our understanding of how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotes. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding sequence-specific transcription factor compartmentalization within the nucleus and discuss its impact on the regulation of such processes as activation or repression of gene expression and interaction with coregulatory factors.
PECAM-1 Mediates NO-Dependent Dilation of Arterioles to High Temporal Gradients of Shear Stress (2005)

In isolated arterioles of PECAM-KO mice activation of eNOS and consequent dilation by agonists is maintained, but the dilation to high temporal gradients of wall shear stress elicited by increases in perfusate flow is reduced. Thus, we propose that PECAM-1 plays an important role in the ability of the endothelium to sense and couple high temporal gradients of wall shear stress to NO-mediated arteriolar dilation during sudden changes in blood flow in vivo.
Continuous roll casting of aluminium alloys – casting parameters analysis (2010)

The main goal of the paper was to present the influence of casting parameters on casting conditions and interference of casting parameters on the final strip characteristics such as constant strip thickness, surface quality and roughness of aluminum alloys sheet 6,30 to 6,50 mm thick. The study shows that casting speed, roll force and roll gap should have the greatest influence on the final strip thickness, and that the examined parameters agree well with the theoretical standpoints.
Transverse Kerr nonreciprocal effects in transmission (1991)

Transmission magneto-optic effects are analyzed for a configuration consisting of a semitransparent magneto-optic layer bounded by two semiinfinite media. It is shown that two nonreciprocal effects manifest themselves in transmission. These are: a) a phase shift; and b) an amplitude change. Both of these effects depend upon the direction of film magnetization. These transmission nonreciprocal effects vanish for all angles of incidence when the magneto-optic layer is surrounded by identical media. In the case where the magneto-optic film is imbedded in two distinct media, the nonreciprocal effects are present, but vanish at one specific angle of incidence. At this angle of incidence, the optical impedances of the two bounding media are identical. For a light wave propagating from the exit medium toward the entrance medium, the nonreciprocal effects in transmission only change sign.
Thiyl Glycosylation of Propargylated Octasilsesquioxane: Synthesis and Lectin‐Binding Properties of Densely Glycosylated Clusters on a Cubic Platform (2013)

Abstract A new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivative with a periphery of eight PEGylated chains functionalized with terminal propargyl groups was synthesized starting from commercially available octavinyl‐POSS. The photoinduced free‐radical coupling of this octapropargyl POSS derivative with various sugar thiols enabled the preparation of globular hexadecavalent glycoclusters. Thus, it appears that according to the alkyne hydrothiolation mechanism, two thiyl radicals were added across each triple bond of the POSS scaffold side‐chains. The affinities of some of the densely glycosylated clusters towards certain lectins were measured by the Enzyme‐Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA). The binding selectivity of Concanavalin A between the hexadecavalent mannosylated and glucosylated clusters was much higher than the selectivity observed for the corresponding octavalent glycoclusters (ref.). Moreover, the affinity of the N ‐acetylglucosamine‐based cluster towards wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) revealed a remarkable glycoside cluster effect with up to a 9.0 × 10 5 ‐fold increase in binding compared to monovalent GlcNAc. As a multivalent effect of the same order of magnitude was reported for an octavalent GlcNAc cluster towards the same lectin (ref.), it is concluded that increasing the number of sugar units around the cubic platform does not lead systematically to an enhancement of binding affinity.
A PHYSICAL BASIS FOR DEGENERACY IN THE AMINO ACID CODE (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The instructive extracellular matrix of the lung: basic composition and alterations in chronic lung disease (2017)

The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the tissue architecture of the lung, and provides mechanical stability and elastic recoil, which are essential for physiological lung function. Biochemical and biomechanical signals initiated by the ECM direct cellular function and differentiation, and thus play a decisive role in lung development, tissue remodelling processes and maintenance of adult homeostasis. Recent proteomic studies have demonstrated that at least 150 different ECM proteins, glycosaminoglycans and modifying enzymes are expressed in the lung, and these assemble into intricate composite biomaterials. These highly insoluble assemblies of interacting ECM proteins and their glycan modifications can act as a solid phase-binding interface for hundreds of secreted proteins, which creates an information-rich signalling template for cell function and differentiation. Dynamic changes within the ECM that occur upon injury or with ageing are associated with several chronic lung diseases. In this review, we summarise the available data about the structure and function of the pulmonary ECM, and highlight changes that occur in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. We discuss potential mechanisms of ECM remodelling and modification, which we believe are relevant for future diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung disease.
Threshold Switching by Bipolar Avalanche Multiplication in Ovonic Chalcogenide Glasses (2023)

Abstract An ovonic threshold switch (OTS) based on chalcogenide glasses finds application as a selecting device in storage class memory (SCM) arrays. The OTS operation relies on the threshold switching, where the device switches from the off to the on state without phase transition, then the device turns off almost immediately as the voltage is reduced below a certain holding value. The physics behind the switching phenomenon has attracted wide interest due to the complicated interplay between electronic transport, joule heating and phase transition. In this work, it is shown that the current‐voltage characteristic close to the switching point carries the fingerprint of carrier multiplication. The physical mechanism of threshold switching is then explained by bipolar impact ionization leading to avalanche multiplication, which in turn gives rise to the typical S‐shaped characteristic. Numerical simulations by this physics‐based model account for the measured switching properties, namely threshold voltage and current, at various chalcogenide thicknesses and compositions. These results provide the theoretical framework for future design and optimization of OTS in memory and computing applications.
A Defective Interfering Influenza RNA Inhibits Infectious Influenza Virus Replication in Human Respiratory Tract Cells: A Potential New Human Antiviral (2016)

Defective interfering (DI) viruses arise during the replication of influenza A virus and contain a non-infective version of the genome that is able to interfere with the production of infectious virus. In this study we hypothesise that a cloned DI influenza A virus RNA may prevent infection of human respiratory epithelial cells with infection by influenza A. The DI RNA (244/PR8) was derived by a natural deletion process from segment 1 of influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1); it comprises 395 nucleotides and is packaged in the DI virion in place of a full-length genome segment 1. Given intranasally, 244/PR8 DI virus protects mice and ferrets from clinical influenza caused by a number of different influenza A subtypes and interferes with production of infectious influenza A virus in cells in culture. However, evidence that DI influenza viruses are active in cells of the human respiratory tract is lacking. Here we show that 244/PR8 DI RNA is replicated by an influenza A challenge virus in human lung diploid fibroblasts, bronchial epithelial cells, and primary nasal basal cells, and that the yield of challenge virus is significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner indicating that DI influenza virus has potential as a human antiviral.
A fast parallel VLSI architecture for lifting based 2-D discrete wavelet transform (2005)

In this paper, we propose a parallel hardware architecture for 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on the lifting scheme. The architecture is consisted with two row processors and one column processor. The proposed architecture has the 4-way data scheduling, which decreased the initial latency of column direction transform. The transform results of the row processors are directly feed to the column processor, and this method can reduce the internal memory, which stored row processor's results. The column processor, which has the buffer memory to store the filter's intermediate values, can calculate the filter values every clock cycles. This architecture shows that the internal memory size is reduced with around 30% compare to the previous works, and total computational timing improved to N/sup 2//4+a. Finally, the architecture has been implemented in behavioral VHDL. The estimated timing of the maximum clock is 100 MHz in altera stratix device.
Treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with chenodeoxycholic acid (1985)

We describe a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis who was treated for one year with chenodeoxycholic acid. Modest clinical improvement was accompanied by marked improvement in visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Improved central nervous system function coincided with return of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid cholestanol levels to normal.