gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric induction in the oxidation of [2.2]paracyclophane-substituted selenides. Application of chirality transfer in the selenoxide [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric induction in the oxidation of [2.2]paracyclophane-substituted selenides. Application of chirality transfer in the selenoxide [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangementHans J. Reich and Kenneth E. YelmCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 19, 5672–5679Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00019a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
LMS adaptive filtering with /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulated input signals (1998)

A new multibit multiplier free structure for a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm with /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulated input signals is proposed. An additional filter in the error path is necessary to allow adaptation of the filter. Simulation results for system identification demonstrate that the performance of described design is comparable to the performance of an equivalent pulse code modulated (PCM) system.
Smart tracking to enable disturbance tolerant manufacturing through enhanced product intelligence (2015)

There is increasing need for manufacturing organisations to implement lean, just-in-time, make-to-order systems, mainly due to the cost pressures and varying customer preferences. This creates unexpected disturbances within the manufacturing systems, causing delays in delivery time. In order to quickly identify and react to disturbances, it is vital to capture real-time dynamic information related to the parts in production, resources, inventory levels and quality information. In many literatures, product intelligence achieves the fundamental requirements of managing disturbance. Current challenge, however, is that existing researches focused on developing a tracking system dealing with specific disturbance. In this paper, we present a systematic guideline for implementing such a system. The proposed guideline uses principles of product intelligence and combines them with the characteristics of disturbances and the associated information requirements. A case example is also presented to illustrate the developed concepts.
Modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and nitric oxide synthesis by garcinol and its derivatives (2005)

Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, from the fruit rind of Garcinia spp., has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. To study its mechanism of action, we analyzed the effects of garcinol and its derivatives, including cambogin, garcim-1 and garcim-2, on arachidonic acid metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages as well as in three intestinal cell lines. We also examined the effect of garcinol on cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and related upstream signaling. At 1 microM, garcinol and its derivatives, added 1 h after LPS stimulation, significantly inhibited the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in macrophages; garcinol was the most effective, showing >50% inhibition. Similar inhibitory activity was also observed in intestinal cells, HT-29, HCT-116 and IEC-6 cells, showing 40-50% inhibition by 1 microM garcinol. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, garcinol inhibited the phosphorylation of cPLA2 without altering its protein level, and the effect was related to the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Garcinol inhibited NFkappaB activation and COX-2 expression only when it was added to the cells before LPS stimulation. Garcinol (1 microM) also significantly decreased iNOS expression and NO release from LPS-stimulated macrophages; this is probably due to the inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1), an upstream event in the activation of iNOS synthesis. The results suggest that garcinol modulates arachidonic acid metabolism by blocking the phosphorylation of cPLA2 and decreases iNOS protein level by inhibiting STAT-1 activation. These activities may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic actions of garcinol and its derivatives.
Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Regulates ERK Nuclear Translocation and Phosphorylation of Elk-1 (2001)

Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix permits efficient growth factor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Points of regulation have been localized to the level of receptor phosphorylation or to activation of the downstream components, Raf and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase). However, it is also well established that ERK translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is required for G1 phase cell cycle progression. Here we show that phosphorylation of the nuclear ERK substrate, Elk-1 at serine 383, is anchorage dependent in response to growth factor treatment of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Furthermore, when we activated ERK in nonadherent cells by expression of active components of the ERK cascade, subsequent phosphorylation of Elk-1 at serine 383 and Elk-1-mediated transactivation were still impaired compared with adherent cells. Elk-1 phosphorylation was dependent on an intact actin cytoskeleton, as discerned by treatment with cytochalasin D (CCD). Finally, expression of active MEK failed to predominantly localize ERK to the nucleus in suspended cells or adherent cells treated with CCD. These data show that integrin-mediated organization of the actin cytoskeleton regulates localization of activated ERK, and in turn the ability of ERK to efficiently phosphorylate nuclear substrates.
Rain-induced Ejection of Pathogens from Leaves: Revisiting the Hypothesis of Splash-on-Film using High-speed Visualization (2014)

Plant diseases are a major cause of losses of crops worldwide. Although rainfalls and foliar disease outbreaks are correlated, the detailed mechanism explaining their link remains poorly understood. The common assumption from phytopathology for such link is that a splash is generated upon impact of raindrops on contaminated liquid films coating sick leaves. We examine this assumption using direct high-speed visualizations of the interactions of raindrops and leaves over a range of plants. We show that films are seldom found on the surface of common leaves. We quantify the leaf-surface's wetting properties, showing that sessile droplets instead of films are predominant on the surfaces of leaves. We find that the presence of sessile drops rather than that of films has important implications when coupled with the compliance of a leaf: it leads to a new physical picture consisting of two dominant rain-induced mechanisms of ejection of pathogens. The first involves a direct interaction between the fluids of the raindrop and the sessile drops via an off-centered splash. The second involves the indirect action of the raindrop that leads to the inertial detachment of the sessile drop via the leaf's motion imparted by the impact of the raindrop. Both mechanisms are distinct from the commonly assumed scenario of splash-on-film in terms of outcome: they result in different fragmentation processes induced by surface tension, and, thus, different size-distributions of droplets ejected. This is the first time that modern direct high-speed visualizations of impacts on leaves are used to examine rain-induced ejection of pathogens at the level of a leaf and identify the inertial detachment and off-center splash ejections as alternatives to the classically assumed splash-on-film ejections of foliar pathogens.
Pole-phase modulated toroidal winding for an induction machine (2023)

A stator (10) for an induction machine for a vehicle has a cylindrical core (12) with inner and outer slots (26, 28) extending longitudinally along the inner and outer peripheries between the end faces (22, 24). Each outer slot is associated with several adjacent inner slots. A plurality of toroidal coils (14) are wound about the core and laid in the inner and outer slots. Each coil occupies a single inner slot and is laid in the associated outer slot thereby minimizing the distance the coil extends from the end faces and minimizing the length of the induction machine. The toroidal coils are configured for an arbitrary pole phase modulation wherein the coils are configured with variable numbers of phases and poles for providing maximum torque for cranking and switchable to a another phase and pole configuration for alternator operation. An adaptor ring (36) circumferentially positioned about the stator improves mechanical strength, and provides a coolant channel manifold (34) for removing heat produced in stator windings during operation.
Dissipative water intrusion in hydrophobic MCM-41 type materials (2001)

Texture-related features of water intrusion in hydrophobised MCM-41 silicas render these materials especially suitable for energy dissipation in mechanical dampers.
Spinal beta‐amyloid1‐42 acts as an endogenous analgesic peptide in CCI‐induced neuropathic pain (2021)

This study provides an explanation of reduced pain sensitivity associated with Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, our findings propose a possible physiological function of beta-amyloid1-42 to regulate pain. This study may provide a potential target for the development of novel analgesics based on an existing endogenous peptide.
Variability in changes of acrylamide precursors during nixtamalization for masa production (2022)

Consumption of corn-based foods is increasing in the United States and globally. Little is known about changes in kernel compositional profiles, including levels of acrylamide precursors (e.g. asparagine and reducing sugars), when corn kernels are cooked in a process called nixtamalization. The objectives of this study were to investigate the compositional variation of raw starting materials, general compositional changes during nixtamalization, and genotype specific patterns of change for acrylamide precursors during this process. A panel of 120 genotypes were subject to a small-scale bench top cooking protocol to investigate compositional changes that occur during cooking and steeping. Substantial variation was observed in the raw starting material for all compositional traits that were measured including asparagine, fructose, glucose, crude protein, and starch. During nixtamalization a decrease in asparagine, glucose, and fructose mean and variation was observed, while crude protein and starch remained relatively stable. Analysis of the genotype-by-subsample interactions (after cooking and after steeping) revealed variation in compositional changes in response to cooking among the genotypes. These findings reveal the dynamics of compositional traits during nixtamalization of corn kernels. This information can be used by plant breeders and food processors to more effectively make acrylamide mitigation strategies.
Effective antenna characterization at millimeter-wave frequencies and its experimental validation at 100GHz (2006)

The characterization of millimetre wave antennas, often carried out by means of near-field measurement systems, can be made difficult due to the phase measurement issue. An efficient near-field phaseless antenna characterization algorithm is here employed to experimentally characterize a millimetre-wave antenna working at 100GHz.
On second-order converse duality for a nondifferentiable programming problem (2005)

Certain shortcomings are described in the second order converse duality results in the recent work of (J. Zhang and B. Mond, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 55(1997) 29–44). Appropriate modifications are suggested.
Does Cholera "Learn" from Its Host? (2002)

Cholera epidemics have plagued humans for centuries. But what makes Vibrio cholerae, the causative organism, so infectious? A recent study combining
Transfer learning using infrared and optical full motion video data for gender classification (2023)

This work is a review and extension of our ongoing research in human recognition analysis using multimodality motion sensor data. We review our work on hand crafted feature engineering for motion capture skeleton (MoCap) data, from the Air Force Research Lab for human gender followed by depth scan based skeleton extraction using LIDAR data from the Army Night Vision Lab for person identification. We then build on these works to demonstrate a transfer learning sensor fusion approach for using the larger MoCap and smaller LIDAR data for gender classification.
Afferents to the orexin neurons of the rat brain (2005)

Emotions, stress, hunger, and circadian rhythms all promote wakefulness and behavioral arousal. Little is known about the pathways mediating these influences, but the orexin-producing neurons of the hypothalamus may play an essential role. These cells heavily innervate many wake-promoting brain regions, and mice lacking the orexin neurons have narcolepsy and fail to rouse in response to hunger (Yamanaka et al. [2003] Neuron 38:701-713). To identify the afferents to the orexin neurons, we first injected a retrograde tracer into the orexin neuron field of rats. Retrogradely labeled neurons were abundant in the allocortex, claustrum, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and in many hypothalamic regions including the preoptic area, dorsomedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, and posterior hypothalamus. Retrograde labeling in the brainstem was generally more modest, but labeling was strong in the periaqueductal gray matter, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Injection of an anterograde tracer confirmed that most of these regions directly innervate the orexin neurons, with some of the heaviest input coming from the lateral septum, preoptic area, and posterior hypothalamus. In addition, hypothalamic regions preferentially innervate orexin neurons in the medial and perifornical parts of the field, but most projections from the brainstem target the lateral part of the field. Inputs from the suprachiasmatic nucleus are mainly relayed via the subparaventricular zone and dorsomedial nucleus. These observations suggest that the orexin neurons may integrate a variety of interoceptive and homeostatic signals to increase behavioral arousal in response to hunger, stress, circadian signals, and autonomic challenges.
Towards a patient-based drug discovery (2012)

Small-molecule drugs were originally discovered using compound-based drug discovery: opportunistic discovery of a biologically active compound, often a natural product (such as penicillin) followed by a search for a disease that might be treated with the compound. This remains a common approach to modern drug discovery (for example, rapamycin and analogs for use as antifungal agents, immune suppression agents, anti-cancer agents, and possibly others in the future).

The advent of recombinant DNA accelerated a second approach -target-based drug discovery - where the therapeutic target is selected and subjected to methods that yield candidate drugs (mechanism-based design, structure-based design, screening). But this approach has its shortcomings - 97% of drug candidates that enter into clinical investigation eventually fail, many due to unanticipated toxicity and many others due to a lack of efficacy despite successful modulation of the target. Selecting therapeutic targets based on information derived from surrogates of patients has proved challenging.

Advances in human biology, including human genetics and physiology, and in small-molecule science, including chemistry and chemical biology, are now accelerating a third approach: patient-based drug discovery. I will present examples that aim to use: 1) information from heritable or somatic human genetics in human disease, for example, in Crohn's disease and cancer, 2) advances in diversity-oriented synthetic chemistry and chemical biology to accelerate the discovery of safe and effective small-molecule therapeutics, and 3) an understanding of the relationship of human genetic variation with drug efficacy.
Impaired Very‐Low‐Density Lipoprotein catabolism links hypoglycemia to hypertriglyceridemia in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (2021)

Prevention of hypertriglyceridemia is one of the biomedical targets in Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (GSD Ia) patients, yet it is unclear how hypoglycemia links to plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. We analyzed whole-body TG metabolism in normoglycemic (fed) and hypoglycemic (fasted) hepatocyte-specific glucose-6-phosphatase deficient (L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> ) mice. De novo fatty acid synthesis contributed substantially to hepatic TG accumulation in normoglycemic L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In hypoglycemic conditions, enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis was the main driver of liver steatosis, supported by elevated free fatty acid concentrations in GSD Ia mice and GSD Ia patients. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were increased in GSD Ia patients and in normoglycemic L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and further elevated in hypoglycemic L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> mice. VLDL-TG secretion rates were doubled in normo- and hypoglycemic L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> mice, while VLDL-TG catabolism was selectively inhibited in hypoglycemic L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In conclusion, fasting-induced hypoglycemia in L-G6pc<sup>-/-</sup> mice promotes adipose tissue lipolysis and arrests VLDL catabolism. This mechanism likely contributes to aggravated liver steatosis and dyslipidemia in GSD Ia patients with poor glycemic control and may explain clinical heterogeneity in hypertriglyceridemia between GSD Ia patients.
Theoretical analysis of the operating and shutdown pressures of a transcritical carbon dioxide air conditioning system. (2005)

A theoretical analysis of the sensitivity of the system charge on the operating and shutdown pressures of a transcritical CO2 air-conditioning system was performed. The sensitivity of the system charge on shipping pressures was also evaluated. The unit to be considered is an air-to-air air conditioning system with a cooling capacity of 10.3 kW. The nominal charge is based on low and high side normal operating pressures of 40 and 110 bars, respectively, at standard DOE A operating conditions. The refrigeration unit is self contained, such as the US Army ECU (Environmental Control Unit). The operating and shutdown pressures were determined assuming a 5, 10 and 20% overcharge. The operating pressures were determined at standard DOE A operating conditions. The shutdown pressures were determined at 26.7 and 43.3 °C ambient temperatures. To evaluate the sensitivity of system charge on shipping pressures of the same unit with the nominal charge of CO2, the internal shutdown pressure was determined in a 70 °C boxcar environment.
Anti-CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody Mogamulizumab Followed by the GDP (Gemcitabine, Dexamethasone and Cisplatin) Regimen in Primary Refractory Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (2016)

There are few effective options for salvage therapy in elderly patients with relapsed or refractory angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). The anti-CCR4 antibody mogamulizumab works via antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity, reduces regulatory T cells, and evokes antitumor immunity in cancer patients. We report a 78-year-old patient with refractory AITL receiving a new immunochemotherapy consisting of sequential mogamulizumab administration followed by the GDP (gemcitabine, dexamethasone and cisplatin) regimen. A favorable consolidative effect of the GDP regimen could be observed in the patient who had partial remission after administration of mogamulizumab monotherapy. The regimen showed an acceptable toxicity profile without serious autoimmunity and an expected treatment response for the elderly patient with primary refractory AITL. This clinical case is the first report of salvage chemotherapy including mogamulizumab for primary refractory AITL described in the literature.
Autobiographical memory specificity and restrained eating: examining the influence of priming with images of healthy and unhealthy foods. (2022)

Abstract Background : Dietary restraint has been linked to deficits in the ability to recall detailed memories of personally experienced events (referred to as autobiographical memory specificity). As priming with healthy foods increases the salience of restraint it would be expected to lead to greater deficits in memory specificity. Objective : To determine if priming word cues with images of healthy or unhealthy foods would influence the specificity of memory retrieval, and if deficits in memory specificity would be more evident in those reporting higher levels of dietary restraint, or currently dieting. Methods : Sixty female undergraduates self-reported if they were currently dieting and completed measures of mood, restraint, and disinhibition, and a modified version of the autobiographical memory task. Participants were presented with positive and negative words (unrelated to eating concerns) and asked to retrieve a specific memory in response to each cue. A food image was shown prior to each word cue; half of the participants were primed with images of healthy foods and half with images of unhealthy foods. Results : As expected, participants primed with healthy foods retrieved fewer specific memories than did those primed with unhealthy foods. However, neither restraint nor current dieting behaviour were associated with memory specificity. Conclusions : Differences in memory specificity between the priming conditions cannot be explained in terms of increased salience of restraint. However, it is plausible that unhealthy images led to an increase in positive affect, which in turn improved memory specificity. Level of evidence: Level I: Evidence obtained from: at least one properly designed experimental study