gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure–activity studies of non-steroid analogues structurally-related to neuroprotective estrogens (2016)

Estrone and 17β-estradiol are phenolic steroids that are known to be neuroprotective in multiple models of neuronal injury.
CFD History and Applications (2012)

FD techniques were developed over the years with the hard way of trial and error, refine and many validation and assessment procedures. In the early 1973 the CFD group at Imperial College embarked on an ambitious and attractive program to predict simple shear flows, free and confined jet flows. The work was very intuitive and with modest attempts to predict flow pattern with two and then three dimensional flow configurations. These mainly relate to simple parabolic flow with no recirculation and using stream function –vorticity solution algorithm, hence yielding some non-measurable flow characteristics that made the application rather uncomfortable to compare to real engineering problems. Later that year the newly proposed SIMPLE Semi Implicit solution algorithm partially paved the way with primitive variables velocity U and Pressure P as main parameters . This enables the solution of the Navier Stokes Momentum Equations in a straightforward manner. Grid sized started by 20x20 and up to 10000 orthogonal nodes to converge in 1000 iterations for simple confined symmetrical pipe flow. Necessarily, a model to represent the turbulent characteristics of the flow at high Reynolds numbers was developed by Launder and Spalding in 1974. That was the birth of what is commonly known today as the Standard k-e turbulence model; also known as two equation turbulence model. One should bear in mind that this model was originated based on constants derived from simple shear flow measurements. However, the application of this 1st generation eddy viscosity model is now extrapolated to swirling, reacting complex geometries with strong turbulence chemistry interactions. The success story of that model encouraged everyone around the world to test validates that model. Among others, Gosman, Khalil and Whitelaw in 1977 had published an article with systematic validation of k-e model in a variety of applications with and without swirl. Khalil, Spalding and Whitelaw in 1975 published their validation of that turbulence mode in a turbulent reacting furnace configuration with and without swirl. In Early 1986 Prof. D.B. Spalding gave a general lecture presentation on Computational fluid dynamics in engineering and education at Rensslelaer Polytechnic Institute Sadowsky Series, New York,USA. The
Renal protection in IgA nephropathy requires strict blood pressure control (2005)

Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide [1,2]. Although IgAN was considered a benign condition for many years, we now know that many cases eventually progress to end-stage renal failure. According to recent reviews, the actuarial renal survival at 10 years is 80–85% in most studies. Moreover, 30–40% of affected individuals develop end-stage renal failure within 20 years from the apparent onset of the disease [1,2]. Impairment of renal function, severe proteinuria and arterial hypertension are the strongest predictors of an unfavourable outcome. Among histological parameters, proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents or advanced lesions (glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis) are the most reliable prognostic markers. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of IgA biology, the aetiology and fundamental pathogenic mechanisms of mesangial IgA deposition have remained unsolved [2]. For this reason, treatment options of IgAN patients currently lack a disease-specific approach. Furthermore, progression to irreversible renal parenchymal damage follows a final common pathway in most cases of chronic proteinuric nephropathies that is relatively independent of the initial insult. IgAN is no exception in that regard. The risk factors for progression of IgAN are the same as in most other chronic glomerulopathies, including hypertension, proteinuria, smoking and early elevation of serum creatinine. Hypertension is the most well known, the most frequently examined and probably also the most important of the risk factors for renal disease progression. This commentary will focus on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension, on the value of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), on target blood pressures and on treatment options for hypertension in chronic IgAN.
On lapped orthogonal transforms (signal coding applications) (1992)

The energy compaction performance of several lapped orthogonal transforms (LOTs) are presented. It is shown that the LOT outperforms the conventional block transforms for all the cases considered. The performance of the poorly performing block transforms for high correlation sources increased dramatically in their LOT versions. It is found that the energy compaction performance of the LOT versions of the different block transforms considered is about the same. Therefore, the choice of LOT is based on the efficiency of the transform algorithm. The LOT is an alternative to the block transforms for signal coding applications. Also, the blocking effect is reduced with the increase in the computational complexity of the transform algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Response of acid sulphate soils to different liming treatments II. Exchangeability of soil cations (1985)

Abstract Liming‐induced changes in cation exchangeability were studied in six samples from acid sulphate soils (pH 3.9‐4.7) incubated with water or with equivalent quantities of Ca(OH) 2 or KOH. The extractability of acid cation species susceptible to hydrolysis was shown to be affected not only by increased pH but also by the kind of the cation and related electrochemical properties of the base used. Both liming treatments practically eliminated the exchangeable Al. In the virgin soils, however, the polynuclear Al‐complexes formed by Ca(OH) 2 treatment seemed to have been hydrolyzed further. The superiority of Ca(OH) 2 was assumed to be due to the higher valency of its cation and its act of provoking a higher increase in ionic strength. The liming agents affected to varying extents also the extractability of base cations. Exchangeable soil K seemed to decrease by the KOH treatment and the soil Ca by the Ca(OH) 2 treatment, whereas K and Ca were only slightly, if any, affected by the Ca(OH) 2 and KOH treatments, respectively. Thus, the reductions were assumed to be attributable to other factors than increased pH. A fixation of K and a possible precipitation of Ca as CaSO 4 were discussed. Ca(OH) 2 decreased in all soil samples the exchangeability of Mg more than did KOH. The depression was not related to the Al polymerization and, thus, cannot entirely be ascribed to specific sorption on Al gel. The results imply that liming may affect base cation exchange reactions by neutralizing exchangeable Al of high bonding strength and by replacing it by cations of the liming agent.
MP01-17 DEFINITION OF A STRUCTURED TRAINING CURRICULUM FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: A DELPHI-CONSENSUS STUDY FROM THE ERUS EDUCATIONAL BOARD (2018)

Despite robot-assisted partial nephrectomy [RAPN] is a complex procedure, no validated training pathway is currently available for surgeons who start a RAPN program. The aim of the study is to define a structured training curriculum for RAPN based on simulation activity, clinical training and non-technical skills, with the intent to improve clinical outcomes during RAPN learning curve.
Development of neutron source for nuclear power plant decommissioning (2020)

During the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, one of the most important opera-tions is the appropriate classification of radioactive waste. Radioactive waste from the operationcovers a wide range from low-level waste to high-level waste. In addition to the spent nuclearfuel, a significant part of radioactive waste consists of the components of the primary circuits,mainly the reactor pressure vessel and its components. For nuclear power plants, decommis-sioning waste management optimization is essential. In case of primary circuit, the optimizationis based on proper determination of its component activities. This paper presents the neutronsource development that is the first step of the waste management optimization process.
Cyclizing Radical Carboiodination, Carbotelluration, and Carboaminoxylation of Aryl Amines (2014)

Radical carboiodination of various aryl amines is reported. Aryl diazonium salts, generated in situ from the corresponding aryl amines, are reacted with Bu4NI to provide the corresponding aryl radicals which undergo 5-exo or 6-exo cyclization. Iodine abstraction eventually affords the carboiodinated products in good to excellent yields. If TEMPO is added, the cascade provides the cyclized carboaminoxylation products. Running the reaction in the presence of PhTeTePh affords the phenyltellurated cyclized products.
A Pilot Study of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (2001)

The CGMS can be used by pediatric patients to detect abnormal patterns of glycemia. The information that was obtained could be used to alter the diabetes regimen and impact glycemic outcome.
Differential modulation of hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated motility by transforming growth factor β1 on rat liver epithelial cells in vitro (1998)

We have previously shown that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) enhances the epidermal growth factor- (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-stimulated motility of rat hepatocytes in an extracellular matrix (ECM)-dependent fashion (Stolz and Michalopoulos, 1997, J. Cell. Physiol., 170:57-68). We have extended this study to examine the effects of TGF-beta1 on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and EGF-stimulated motility of rat nonparenchymal liver epithelial cells (RLECs) in vitro and determined that chemotaxis, scattering, and monolayer wound healing by EGF was synergistically enhanced by TGF-beta1 on all ECMs examined. However, HGF-based motility, unlike EGF-stimulated motility, was modulated in an assay-dependent manner by TGF-beta1. HGF-stimulated chemotaxis was dramatically decreased by addition of TGF-beta1, but wound healing was synergistically enhanced by TGF-beta1 on all ECMs examined. HGF-based scattering was not consistently affected by TGF-beta1 on any ECM tested except on laminin, where scattering was often reduced by the concomitant addition of TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1 enhanced the motility associated with monolayer wound healing by HGF or EGF independent of DNA synthesis, because tritiated thymidine uptake was consistently reduced by 60% in the presence of TGF-beta1. The data indicate that HGF and EGF motility do not follow redundant signal-transduction pathways and that specific growth factor motility-related events, as measured by wound healing, scattering, and chemotaxis, are modulated independently by ECM and TGF-beta1.
The Janus Face of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Cancer and Autoimmunity (2007)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) encompass a heterogeneous family of T cells implicated in maintenance of tolerance to self antigens. Treg cells might be qualitatively and/or quantitatively deficient in human autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, graft versus host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. In animal models of autoimmunity, infusion of ex vivo-expanded Treg cells and/or in vivo enhancement of Treg cell suppressor function by pharmacological agents and cytokines attenuate disease manifestations and restore tolerance. However, Treg cells represent a double-edged sword, as Treg cells with specificity for tumour-associated antigens contribute to cancer pathogenesis and progression. In vivo depletion of Treg cells by monoclonal antibodies and/or selected drugs is an encouraging therapeutic strategy which improves tumour eradication in animal models of cancer. In addition, elimination and/or functional inactivation of Treg cells might boost anti-tumour immunity in tumour-bearing hosts receiving anti-cancer vaccination. The present review discusses Treg cell manipulation as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer and autoimmunity, conditions characterised by a common regulatory basis. Keywords: Regulatory T cell, cancer, autoimmunity, cytokines, dendritic cell
Electronic Measuring Cup for the Blind (1977)

A simple electronic measuring cup for the blind is described. It uses an array of infrared level detectors, which are immersed in the medium to be measured. When used with a standard 1-liter glass, the filling level is indicated acoustically in increments of 50 ml.
Motivation for Tattoo Removal (1996)

Poor decision making and subsequent personal regret seem to be frequent motivations for tattoo removal, thus viable methods and accessibility to tattoo removal programs are important. In addition, educational programs for adolescents about tattooing to reduce risks and promote dissuasion should be implemented.
An assisted bilateral control strategy for 3D pose estimation of visual features (2017)

Teleoperating a quadrotor equipped with a monocular camera for exploring a wide area in search of something has become a common practice in many application scenarios (e.g. search and rescue). In order to efficiently plan operations, estimating the 3D pose of a point of interest is as important as detecting it. In this paper we propose a novel bilateral teleoperation architecture where an estimation scheme is exploited for recovering the position of a set of visual features while an operator steers the motion of the quadrotor UAV. The operator acts on a force-feedback master device that produces force cues meant to suggest where to drive the quadrotor for improving the convergence rate of the estimation process. The effectiveness of the proposed teleoperation strategy is validated by means of hardware in the loop simulations.
A quantization method for haptic data lossy compression (2015)

In this paper, a quantization scheme for haptic data compression is proposed and the results of its application to a motion copying system are described. The data compression of image and audio data has been researched a lot. However, the data compression of haptic data has not been much researched yet although the amount of haptic data is large in general. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used for the lossy compression of haptic data in this paper. A new quantization scheme using characteristics of DCT is proposed. By using a proposed method, a larger signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional method is achieved. In the experiment, the validity of the proposed method was verified.
Mitochondrial ncRNA targeting induces cell cycle arrest and tumor growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through reduction of key cell cycle progression factors (2019)

The family of long noncoding mitochondrial RNAs (ncmtRNAs), comprising sense (SncmtRNA), and antisense (ASncmtRNA-1 and ASncmtRNA-2) members, are differentially expressed according to cell proliferative status; SncmtRNA is expressed in all proliferating cells, while ASncmtRNAs are expressed in normal proliferating cells, but is downregulated in tumor cells. ASncmtRNA knockdown with an antisense oligonucleotide induces massive apoptosis in tumor cell lines, without affecting healthy cells. Apoptotic death is preceded by proliferation blockage, suggesting that these transcripts are involved in cell cycle regulation. Here, we show that ASncmtRNA knockdown induces cell death preceded by proliferative blockage in three different human breast cancer cell lines. This effect is mediated by downregulation of the key cell cycle progression factors cyclin B1, cyclin D1, CDK1, CDK4, and survivin, the latter also constituting an essential inhibitor of apoptosis, underlying additionally the onset of apoptosis. The treatment also induces an increase in the microRNA hsa-miR-4485-3p, whose sequence maps to ASncmtRNA-2 and transfection of MDA-MB-231 cells with a mimic of this miRNA induces cyclin B1 and D1 downregulation. Other miRNAs that are upregulated include nuclear-encoded hsa-miR-5096 and hsa-miR-3609, whose mimics downregulate CDK1. Our results suggest that ASncmtRNA targeting blocks tumor cell proliferation through reduction of essential cell cycle proteins, mediated by mitochondrial and nuclear miRNAs. This work adds to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind cell cycle arrest preceding tumor cell apoptosis induced by ASncmtRNA knockdown. As proof-of-concept, we show that in vivo knockdown of ASncmtRNAs results in drastic inhibition of tumor growth in a xenograft model of MDA-MB-231 subcutaneous tumors, further supporting this approach for the development of new therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
Selective CC chemokine receptor expression by central nervous system‐infiltrating encephalitogenic T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2001)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4(+) T cell disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, demyelination, and paralysis. Recent studies describing the relationship of chemokine expression with development of clinical disease have led to the hypothesis that distinct chemokine receptors corresponding to specific ligands are expressed by CNS-infiltrating antigen-specific encephalitogenic T cells as well as host-derived bystander T cells and monocytes. In an effort to study encephalitogenic T cell chemokine receptor expression, we examined CC chemokine receptor expression from resting, activated, and CNS-isolated CD4(+) T cells. CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CCR8 mRNA is expressed by normal CD4(+) T cells. In vitro activated T cells expressed CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CCR8 mRNA as well as CCR4. After EAE induction, CCR1 mRNA was expressed by donor-derived encephalitogenic and host-derived CD4(+) T cells isolated only from CNS and not from spleen. In vivo neutralization of the CCR1 ligand, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (CCL3), resulted in less encephalitogenic CD4(+) T cell CNS infiltration. These results demonstrate the importance of CC chemokine receptor expression by CD4(+) encephalitogenic T cells for CNS infiltration and subsequent disease development.
Detection and management of milk allergy: Delphi consensus study (2022)

These new milk allergy recommendations from non-conflicted, multidisciplinary experts advise narrower criteria, more prominent support for breastfeeding and less use of specialized formula, compared with current guidelines.
The free energy of domain wall fluctuations in xenon on graphite (1988)

The problem of soliton degrees of freedom in physisorbed adlayers, as distinct from thermal degrees of freedom is considered. The authors propose making the separation between the two by applying a separate fine- and coarse-grained scaling for the phonon and domain wall motion respectively. This distinguishes the two different length scales in the temperature regime where both modes are present. The contribution to the free energy of domain wall fluctuations about the saddle point is calculated to lowest order in powers of the displacement from the static configuration. The wall fluctuation spectrum is found to have a small gap, justifying earlier theories which treated the walls as fixed. They also indicate how the saddle-point Hamiltonian is used to determine the properties of the incommensurate-commensurate transition.
Placement of Continuous Media in Wireless Peer-to-Peer Networks (2004)

This paper investigates a novel streaming architecture consisting of home-to-home online (H2O) devices that collaborate with one another to provide on-demand access to large repositories of continuous media such as audio and video clips. An H2O device is configured with a high bandwidth wireless communication component, a powerful processor, and gigabytes of storage. A key challenge of this environment is how to place data across H2O devices in order to enhance startup latency, defined as the delay observed from when a user requests a clip, to the onset of its display. Our primary contribution is a novel replication technique that enhances startup latency, while minimizing the total storage space required from an environment consisting of N H2O devices. This technique is based on the following intuition: The first few blocks of a clip are required more urgently than its last few blocks, and should be replicated more frequently in order to minimize startup latency. We develop analytical models to quantify the number of replicas required for each block. In addition, we describe two alternative distributed implementation of our replication strategy. When compared with full replication, our technique provides on average greater than 97% (i.e., several orders of magnitude) savings in storage space, while ensuring zero startup latency and a hiccup-free reception.
VLSI-realizable multiplier-free interpolators for high-order sigma-delta D/A converters (2002)

A class of efficient linear-phase FIR interpolators for superresolution sigma-delta digital-to-analog (D/A) converters are introduced. These interpolators contain no general multipliers and very few data memory locations, thereby making them easily VLSI-realizable. This is achieved by using several interpolation stages with each stage containing a small number of delays and arithmetic operations. The proposed interpolators can be used, with very slight changes, for many interpolation ratios. As an example, an interpolator is designed for a 20-b overall performance in the case of a fifth-order noise shaper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CXXIV.—Hydrofluozirconic acid and the analysis of zirconium fluoride (1926)

E. B. R. Prideaux and E. C. Roper, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 898 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262900898
Remote patient testing with smartphones provides reliable, valid and sensitive measures of motor symptom severity in Parkinson’s disease patients (P3.046) (2018)

Consumer electronics enable frequent and remote, test-based assessments and ‘passive’ continuous monitoring of motor symptoms and mobility in neurological patients. We determined the reliability, sensitivity and validity of smartphone-sensor derived features to quantify motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients participating in a clinical trial, as a prerequisite for use in drug development and clinical practice.