gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage limitation by autonomous reactive power control of grid connected photovoltaic inverters (2009)

The increasing decentralized power generation in the public low voltage grid may lead to a reversed load flow. The common assumption that the highest voltage in a low voltage grid is on the transformer busbar is then no longer appropriate. Therefore the risk of overvoltages rises significantly. A highly effective way to keep the voltage within the allowed bandwidth is to utilize the ability of modern voltage source converters (VSC) to provide or absorb reactive power while feeding active power into the network (4-quadrant operation). With a reactive power consumption while active power is fed in the voltage rise can be limited. For practical use a grid adaptive reactive power control system which works without manual set up or communication requirements is desirable. Therefore an exemplary adaptive control system was designed, modeled in a load flow simulation program and tested on different low voltage (LV) grid models for network classes prone to voltage problems. The results show that simple parameter sets can be found which will work on most grid infrastructures without further adjustment. But they also show the problems to keep the voltage within the limits without decreasing the maximum grid transport capacity by consuming innecessary reactive power.
Research on Reliability Improvement of NAND Flash Memory in FAT File System (2010)

NAND Flash memory is widely used in embedded products because of its large capacity and high access speed. But the reliability of NAND flash memory should be improved because of its bad blocks. Two methods for reliability improvement of NAND flash memory in FAT file system are introduced in this article, by using non-fixed storage FAT table and automatically looking-for and replacing bad blocks algorithm. These methods will shield bad blocks completely at the expense of lower write speed and have been proved efficient in embedded applications.
Bifunctional Charge Transfer Operated Fluorescent Probes with Acceptor and Donor Receptors. 2. Bifunctional Cation Coordination Behavior of Biphenyl-Type Sensor Molecules Incorporating 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-Terpyridine Acceptors (2006)

Based on donor (D)-acceptor (A) biphenyl (b) type molecules, a family of fluorescent reporters with integrated acceptor receptors and noncoordinating and coordinating donor substituents of varying strength has been designed for ratiometric emission sensing and multimodal signaling of metal ions and protons. In part 2 of this series on such charge transfer (CT) operated mono- and bifunctional fluorescent devices, the cation coordination behavior of the sensor molecules bpb-R equipped with a proton- and cation-responsive 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine (bp) acceptor and either amino-type donor receptors (R = DMA, A15C5 = monoaza-15-crown-5) or nonbinding substituents (R = CF(3), H, OMe) is investigated employing the representative metal ions Na(I), Ca(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) and steady-state and time-resolved fluorometry. The bpb-R molecules, the spectroscopic behavior and protonation behavior of which have been detailed in part 1 of this series, present rare examples for CT-operated bifunctional fluorescent probes that can undergo consecutive and/or simultaneous analyte recognition. The analyte-mediated change of the probes' intramolecular CT processes yields complexation site- and analyte-specific outputs, i.e., absorption and fluorescence modulations in energy, intensity, and lifetime. As revealed by the photophysical studies of the cation complexes of these fluoroionophores and the comparison to other neutral and charged D-A biphenyls, the spectroscopic properties of the acceptor chelates of bpb-R and A- and D-coordinated bpb-R are governed by CT control of an excited-state barrier toward formation of a forbidden charge transfer state, by the switching between analytically favorable anti-energy and common energy gap law type behavior, and by the electronic nature of the ligated metal ion. This accounts for the astonishingly high fluorescence quantum yields of the acceptor chelates of bpb-R equipped with weak or medium-sized donors and the red emission of D- and A-coordinated bpb-R observed for nonquenching metal ions.
Nomenclatural types of Hieracium (Asteraceae) species described from the Balearic Islands (Spain) and several related taxa (2021)

A nomenclatural revision of the genus Hieracium in the Balearic Islands (Spain) is presented and the typification of five names: H. aragonense Scheele, H. balearicum Arvet‑Touvet, H. elisaeanum Arvet-Touvet ex Willkomm, H. majoricanum Arvet-Touvet and H. microscapum Arvet-Touvet, is discussed. The names are lectotypified using specimens preserved at COI, GRM, and P herbaria. Several comments for the names H. cataractarum Arvet-Touvet &amp; Huter and H. praecox subsp. brachypus Freyn in Porta &amp; Rigo are also provided.
The Physics and Psychophysics of Microperimetry (2012)

The findings underscore the need for users to check their assumptions about what the equipment is doing and to always evaluate the psychophysical consequences of the stimuli that are used by a particular instrument.
Review of graphene modulators from the low to the high figure of merits (2020)

Abstract In this paper, the basic physics of modulator are discussed and traditional silicon modulator in the early years is involved as a comparison. Fifty-seven research articles about graphene modulators are reviewed in detail. All the figure of merits including modulation depth, modulation speed, footprint, modulation bandwidth, operation bandwidth, and insertion loss of these modulators are well studied. The challenges and problems for graphene modulators are addressed by analyzing the first twenty-five references while the last thirty-five references of graphene modulators are reviewed to address the higher figure of merits that are still developing. Physics of other 2D materials are also mentioned as a comparison, especially a modulator by black phosphorus. We believe this review will give a good roadmap to develop better graphene modulators that solves the challenges and problems in this field.
Porting a Vector Library: A Comparison of MPI, Paris, CMMD and PVM (or, I'll Never Have to Port CVL Again") (1994)

This paper describes the design and implementation in MPI of the parallel vector library CVL, which is used as the basis for implementing nested data-parallel languages such as NESL and Proteus. We compare the ease of writing and debugging the portable MPI implementation of CVL with our experiences writing previous versions in CM-2 Paris, CM-5 CMMD, and PVM, and give initial performance results for MPI CVL running on an IBM SP-1, Intel Paragon, and TMC CM-5.
Buffer size requirements under longest queue first (1991)

A model of a switching component in a packet switching network is considered. Packets from several incoming channels arrive and must be routed to the appropriate outgoing port according to a service policy. A task confronting the designer of such a system is the selection of policy and the determination of the corresponding input buffer requirements which will prevent packet loss. One natural choice is the Longest Queue First discipline, and a tight bound on the size of the largest buffer required under this policy is obtained. The bound depends on the channel speeds and is logarithmic in the number of channels. As a consequence, Longest Queue First is shown to require less storage than Exhaustive Round Robin and First Come First Served in preventing packet overflow. This work was done while Z. Rosberg and M. Sidi were at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. 1 Introduction Technological advancements have brought about new switching fabrics that can support various types of traffi...
A first synthesis of a phosphatidylcholine bearing docosahexaenoic and tetracosahexaenoic acids (2001)

A phosphatidylcholine bearing tetracosahexaenoic [24∶6 (n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22∶6 (n-3), DHA] at the 1- and 2-positions, respectively, was synthesized for the first time by a new method.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ADVECTIVE FLUXES TO NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE IN A HIGH‐ELEVATION, SUBALPINE FOREST (2008)

The eddy covariance technique, which is used in the determination of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), is subject to significant errors when advection that carries CO2 in the mean flow is ignored. We measured horizontal and vertical advective CO2 fluxes at the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site (Colorado, USA) using a measurement approach consisting of multiple towers. We observed relatively high rates of both horizontal (F(hadv)) and vertical (F(vadv)) advective fluxes at low surface friction velocities (u(*)) which were associated with downslope katabatic flows. We observed that F(hadv) was confined to a relatively thin layer (0-6 m thick) of subcanopy air that flowed beneath the eddy covariance sensors principally at night, carrying with it respired CO2 from the soil and lower parts of the canopy. The observed F(vadv) came from above the canopy and was presumably due to the convergence of drainage flows at the tower site. The magnitudes of both F(hadv) and F(vadv) were similar, of opposite sign, and increased with decreasing u(*), meaning that they most affected estimates of the total CO2 flux on calm nights with low wind speeds. The mathematical sign, temporal variation and dependence on u(*) of both F(hadv) and F(vadv) were determined by the unique terrain of the Niwot Ridge site. Therefore, the patterns we observed may not be broadly applicable to other sites. We evaluated the influence of advection on the cumulative annual and monthly estimates of the total CO2 flux (F(c)), which is often used as an estimate of NEE, over six years using the dependence of F(hadv) and F(vadv) on u(*). When the sum of F(hadv) and F(vadv) was used to correct monthly F(c), we observed values that were different from the monthly F(c) calculated using the traditional u(*)-filter correction by--16 to 20 g C x m(-2) x mo(-1); the mean percentage difference in monthly Fc for these two methods over the six-year period was 10%. When the sum of F(hadv) and F(vadv) was used to correct annual Fc, we observed a 65% difference compared to the traditional u(*)-filter approach. Thus, the errors to the local CO2 budget, when F(hadv) and F(vadv) are ignored, can become large when compounded in cumulative fashion over long time intervals. We conclude that the "micrometeorological" (using observations of F(hadv) and F(vadv)) and "biological" (using the u(*) filter and temperature vs. F(c) relationship) corrections differ on the basis of fundamental mechanistic grounds. The micrometeorological correction is based on aerodynamic mechanisms and shows no correlation to drivers of biological activity. Conversely, the biological correction is based on climatic responses of organisms and has no physical connection to aerodynamic processes. In those cases where they impose corrections of similar magnitude on the cumulative F(c) sum, the result is due to a serendipitous similarity in scale but has no clear mechanistic explanation.
Acute toxicity study of Carica papaya leaf extract in Sprague Dawley rats (2011)

Carica papaya (CP) leaves are popularly used as food and have many traditional claims for herbal medicine. The leaf extract have been proven scientifically for their efficacy as wound healing and has protective effects against gastric damage in rats. However, toxicity study of the CP leaf extract is still lacking. The present study is to investigate the acute toxicity of CP leaf extract on Sprague Dawley rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Sighting study was conducted in a stepwise procedure using the fixed doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg BW. No signs of toxicity and no deaths were observed. Based on the sighting study, we selected a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW and were observed for 14 days. The study includes control and treatment group, each consisting of 5 female rats. The single oral dose of the CP leaf extract did not produce mortality or significant changes in the body weight, food and water consumption. The relative weights of the internal organs were normal. However, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell (RBC) and total protein were significantly increase indicating dehydration. Apart from triglyceride, other biochemistry parameters demonstrated no significant changes as compared to the control.

	 

	Key words: Carica papaya, leaf extract, acute toxicity.
Duplex Ultrasound Evaluation for Dialysis access Selection and Maintenance: A Practical Guide (2008)

Detailed case directed history and examination is the mainstay of dialysis access modality selection, ie site and type of access, as well as for maintenance of dialysis access for longevity. As a logical step following history and physical examination, duplex ultrasound evaluation (DUE) is the most cost effective and non-invasive screening tool for evaluation for access placement and for assessment of an established access. Pre-operative vascular mapping allows selection of the optimal dialysis access modality and site. In established accesses, duplex ultrasound testing will diagnose the majority of vascular access complications and direct proper surgical or interventional radiology management. This review outlines a practical decision-making algorithm using DUE for choosing and managing the dialysis access.
Azimuthal clumping instabilities in a z-pinch wire array (2006)

Summary form only given. Recent simulations of an idealized, high wire-number array Z-pinch reveal a strong azimuthal clumping instability. This instability is due to the mutual attraction of neighboring wires that carry current in the same direction. The unstable modes are heavily crowded, the most unstable mode being the pi-mode, where the neighboring wires pair together. The temporal evolution of this most unstable azimuthal mode can be analyzed, exclusively, by simulating just one wire in an N-wire array, adopting reflection boundary conditions on an angular sector that contains that single wire. Thus, codes such as ALEGRA, which can invoke this reflection boundary condition, automatically filter all other azimuthal modes except the pi-mode and can be used to study the instability with and without the inclusion of a coronal plasma. This simulation capability allows for a convenient study of the coupling of this most unstable azimuthal clumping instability with the radial and axial magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Simulation results will be used to quantify the magnitude of the instability as a function of wire number scaling by simply changing the sector angle used
Correlating defects to functional and I/sub DDQ/ tests (2002)

Functional tests and I/sub DDQ/ tests are studied to determine their effectiveness toward screening failures. A model is presented for curve fitting correlation data between fault coverages and defect quality employing the Williams and Brown defect level to fault coverage equation. The model is used for multiple test types. Empirical data were gathered to demonstrate its effectiveness over functional and I/sub DDQ/ tests. I/sub DDQ/ test data demonstrates two categories of I/sub DDQ/ defects: pattern sensitive and pattern insensitive defects.
Molecular biology of partial D and weak D: implications for blood bank practice. (2002)

Two genes, RHD and RHCE, encode the antigens of the RH blood group system. The clinically most important antigen D is determined by the presence of a functional and grossly normal RHD gene. About 18% of Europeans do not express an antigen D, most often but not always caused by the RHD gene deletion. Rhesus negative phenotypes in Africans are caused by the RHD gene deletion, the RHD pseudogene RHD psi, and the Cde(s) allele. About 1% of Europeans carry RHD alleles with aberrant structures encoding for diminished D-immunoreactivity. In Africans the frequency of aberrant RHD alleles is much higher. Aberrant RHD alleles encode partial D, some of which were dubbed D categories, and weak D. Since we defined the molecular basis of the RHD deletion, a specific detection of heterozygous carriers became feasible.
The first intron of the 4F2 heavy-chain gene contains a transcriptional enhancer element that binds multiple nuclear proteins. (1989)

We utilized the human 4F2 heavy-chain (4F2HC) gene as a model system to study the regulation of inducible gene expression during normal human T-cell activation. Previous studies have demonstrated that 4F2HC gene expression is induced during normal T-cell activation and that the activity of the gene is regulated, at least in part, by the interaction of a constitutively active 5'-flanking housekeeping promoter and a phorbol ester-responsive transcriptional attenuator element located in the exon 1-intron 1 region of the gene. We now report that 4F2HC intron 1 contains a transcriptional enhancer element which is active on a number of heterologous promoters in a variety of murine and human cells. This enhancer element has been mapped to a 187-base-pair RsaI-AluI fragment from 4F2HC intron 1. DNase I footprinting and gel mobility shift analyses demonstrated that this fragment contains two nuclear protein-binding sites (NF-4FA and NF-4FB) which flank a consensus binding site for the inducible AP-1 transcription factor. Deletion analysis showed that the NF-4FA, NF-4FB, and AP-1 sequences are each necessary for full enhancer activity. Murine 4F2HC intron 1 displayed enhancer activity similar to that of its human counterpart. Comparison of the sequences of human and murine 4F2HC intron 1s demonstrated that the NF-4FA, NF-4FB, and AP-1 sequence motifs have been highly conserved during mammalian evolution.
Using Recommender Systems to Assist in Intelligent Service Composition (2014)

Template-based composition of web services allows users to define templates with specified activities and to construct the control flow among the activities. And appropriate web services can be discovered and selected for each activity. However, choosing compatible services requires precise formal specifications of activities and templates because supporting systems lack "memory" of previous cases of using certain services together. In this paper, we propose to alleviate this problem by combining a template-based service composition framework with a recommender system and intelligent services. The combination not only supports users in defining the templates but also resolves issues of compatibility with limited computational power and less formal specification of templates using users' feedback from previous usage and services' feedback from intelligent services' communication ability.
Treatment of Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses (1986)

We treated five patients with posterior chamber intraocular lenses that were dislocated into the vitreous cavity. Using a pars plana approach, a vitrectomy was performed, and the intraocular lens was grasped with forceps and repositioned behind the iris with the lens loops in the ciliary sulcus. The loops were sutured to the iris in four cases. Visual acuity returned to 20/25, or better, in each case.
Ziel und Gegenstand der Untersuchungen (1966)

Titan zeichnet sich durch hohe Festigkeit und Zähigkeit bei geringem spezifischen Gewicht und hervorragende Korrosionsbeständigkeit aus. Diese Werkstoffeigenschaften sind besonders bei der Entwicklung von Flugkörpern und Bauteilen, an denen große Massenkräfte auftreten bzw. für den chemischen Apparatebau von großer Bedeutung.
Homogeneous oxidative coupling catalysts. Stoichiometry and kinetics of the reactions of two structurally distinct (.mu.-carbonato)-dicopper(II) oxidative coupling initiators with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in methylene chloride (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous oxidative coupling catalysts. Stoichiometry and kinetics of the reactions of two structurally distinct (.mu.-carbonato)-dicopper(II) oxidative coupling initiators with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in methylene chlorideGeoffrey Davies, Mohamed F. El-Shazly, and Martin W. RupichCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 11, 3757–3763Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50225a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50225a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dosage of Theophylline in Bronchial Asthma (1975)

THEOPHYLLINE (1,3-dimethylxanthine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid closely related to caffeine (Fig. 1). The pharmacologic actions of theophylline include stimulation of respiration, augmentation of cardiac inotropy and chronotropy, relaxation of smooth muscle, including that in the bronchi and blood vessels other than cerebral vessels, and diuresis.1 It has been used in a number of diseases, but its main use has been in the treatment of reversible airway obstruction and as an adjunct to the therapy of acute left ventricular failure.The actions of theophylline are probably mediated through inhibition of phosphodiesterase and an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which mediates . . .
The Polymorphism at Codon 54 of the FABP2 Gene Increases Fat Absorption in Human Intestinal Explants (2001)

Based on titration microcalorimetry and Caco-2 cell line transfection studies, it has been suggested that the A54T of the FABP2 gene plays a significant role in the assimilation of dietary fatty acids. However, reports were divergent with regard to the in vivo interaction between this polymorphism and postprandial lipemia. We therefore determined the influence of this intestinal fatty acid-binding protein polymorphism on intestinal fat transport using the human jejunal organ culture model, thus avoiding the interference of various circulating factors capable of metabolizing in vivo postprandial lipids. Analysis of DNA samples from 32 fetal intestines revealed 22 homozygotes for the wild-type Ala-54/Ala-54 genotype (0.83) and 10 heterozygotes for the polymorphic Thr-54/Ala-54 genotype (0.17). The Thr-encoding allele was associated with increased secretion of newly esterified triglycerides, augmented de novo apolipoprotein B synthesis, and elevated chylomicron output. On the other hand, no alterations were found in very low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein production, apolipoprotein A-I biogenesis, or microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mass and activity. Similarly, the alanine to threonine substitution at residue 54 did not result in changes in brush border hydrolytic activities (sucrase, glucoamylase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase) or in glucose uptake or oxidation. Our data clearly document that the A54T polymorphism of FABP2 specifically influences small intestinal lipid absorption without modifying glucose uptake or metabolism. It is proposed that, in the absence of confounding factors such as environmental and genetic variables, the FABP2 polymorphism has an important effect on postprandial lipids in vivo, potentially influencing plasma levels of lipids and atherogenesis.