gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Molecular Weight Distribution of Polyethylene for Mixed Systems with a Constrained-Geometry Metallocene Catalyst in a Semibatch Reactor (2003)

Bimodal molecular weight distributions (MWDs) were obtained in a semibatch reactor (Beigzadeh, D.; Soares, J. B. P.; Duever, T. A. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1999, 20, 541−545) with a mixed metallocene catalyst system containing a constrained-geometry catalyst (CGC−Ti), generating long branches through insertion of chains with terminal double bonds (TDBs). A Galerkin finite element model (FEM) has been constructed in PREDICI describing the MWD and branching as a function of the catalyst ratio. Several options of this model were tested, one of them being based on single-catalyst data. The best agreement between model and experiments could be achieved when the model allowed for transfer of macromonomers formed at the linear catalyst and subsequent insertion at CGC−Ti to form long branches. This option explains the high-MW mode of the MWD as resulting from branching rather than from a higher propagation/termination ratio at CGC−Ti as compared to a linear catalyst. The parameter estimation procedure based on fits of measured MWDs and branching densities as varying with the catalyst ratio produced a set of kinetic parameters. Rate coefficients associated with growth termination at the linear catalyst (kβ,lin) were associated with the position of the low-MW peak in the MWD. Further crucial kinetic parameters turned out to be concerned with β-hydride elimination and macromonomer insertion at CGC−Ti. The model was employed to investigate the deactivation of the catalyst, the effect of growth stoppage by hydrogen, and the dynamics of the semibatch reactor. We compared our kinetic coefficients to those reported in previous work.
TU1.3 A pilot survey of surgeons’ knowledge regarding vagus nerve injury (2022)

Abstract Aims Vagus nerve injuries occur in up to 42% of patients following anti-reflux operations. Vagal nerve injuries may have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life after benign Upper GI hiatal surgery, and may go unrecognised. We aimed to explore surgeons’ knowledge and practice regarding consenting, identifying the vagus nerve intraoperatively, and managing vagus nerve injuries. Methods A pilot survey was distributed to General Surgical Trainees and Consultants in South East England via social media groups and Twitter. Respondents from other regions were permitted. Results Nineteen respondents comprised 1 SHO, 14 Registrar grades/fellows and 4 Consultants. Seventy-four percent reported routinely discussing vagus nerve injury, of whom over 70% discussed symptoms of fullness and/or bloating, but only 36% discussed the need for further procedures. Eighteen respondents were involved in anti-reflux and paraoesophageal hernia procedures, of whom 94% routinely visualised the posterior vagus nerve during these procedures, whilst around 60% visualised the anterior vagus nerve. Ten respondents were involved in gastric band insertion, of whom 60% did not identify either vagus nerve. Only 7 respondents had experience of managing patients with vagus nerve injury. Conclusions Work is required to guide education around informing patients of the risk of vagus nerve injury, and around managing this complication. This pilot survey informs wider national work to explore this topic.
A five stage chopper stabilized instrumentation amplifier using feedforward compensation (2002)

A programmable gain chopper stabilized instrumentation amplifier is presented. It uses a fifth order amplifier architecture with simulated open loop gain of 200 dB. It is the first reported silicon implementation of an amplifier using multipath feedforward compensation. The instrumentation amplifier achieves noise density of 7 nV/sqrt(Hz) and THD of -110 dB with 14 mW from a single 5 V supply. It is implemented in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS and has an active area of 4 mm/sup 2/.
Thermoformen in der Praxis (2016)

You have accessThermoformen in der PraxisMay 2016Thermoformen in der PraxisIllig, Peter SchwarzmannIllig, Peter Schwarzmannhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446449480.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2016Pages: I-XVIPrint ISBN: 978-3-446-44403-4eISBN: 978-3-446-44948-0 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: survival by "giving a dam". (2004)

A teenager died suddenly in 1923 of systemic microvascular thrombosis. Dr. Eli Moschcowitz attributed the "hitherto undescribed disease" (now "thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura," or "TTP") to "some powerful poison" with "both agglutinative and hemolytic properties." In 1982, TTP was found to be a defect in the "processing" of unusually large (UL) von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. By 1998, the cause of TTP was known to be either familial absence or acquired inhibition (by autoantibody) of plasma VWF-cleaving metalloprotease. This enzyme, the 13th member of a disintegrin and metalloprotease family with thrombospondin domains (ADAMTS-13), circulates in normal plasma waiting to cleave the long strings of ULVWF multimers emerging from stimulated endothelial cells. Uncleaved ULVWF multimers in TTP induce platelet adhesion and aggregation in the rapidly flowing blood of microvessels. Episodes of TTP are treated by "giving A DAM" (TS-13, that is) contained in normal plasma, either by infusion alone or in combination with plasmapheresis.
Policy Instruments and Governance (2011)

Much of the debate on governance is either concerned with the question of conceptualization in relation to different theoretical traditions (see the previous chapters of the Handbook) or with the characterization of modes of governance often centred on networks. This chapter, by contrast, deals with the ways through which governance is operationalized, i.e to come back to classic questions associated with governance and government alike: not just who governs but how governments and various actors involved in governance processes operate. This is not a new idea. Foucault, in particular, made the point about the importance of governmental activities to understanding change of governmentality and the theme was central for N. Rose and P. Miller when they started their longterm research project on governmentatility. However, to raise this issue is to underline that the governance research agenda is historically related to the 1970s research about public policy failures, which is well represented by the work of Pressman and Wildavsky (1973). The question was whether complex societies were becoming ungovernable or if, at the very least, governments were less and less able to govern society through the administration, taxes and laws. Ever since, this debate has led to a dynamic governance research domain organized around the following questions:
A very low drop Voltage Regulator Using an NMOS output Transistor (2005)

A very low drop voltage regulator that uses an NMOS output transistor, a start-up circuit and two voltage comparators, designed in a 0.12 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, is presented. By means of a charge pump to control the gate of the NMOS transistor it is possible to obtain the very low voltage drop, between input and output, of only 100 mV. A novel sample and hold technique is used in order to slow down the charge pump and to save current in low power mode. The start-up circuit comprises a simple PMOS regulator and works without the accurate reference voltage of a bandgap, which is not stable during the first few microseconds. The regulator works in a wide load area from 20 /spl mu/A - its own current consumption - up to 50 mA, does not require any additional capacitors at its outputs and provides a low power mode.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Foretinib Is Effective Therapy for Metastatic Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. PDGFRÃƒ? pathway inhibition in foretinib treated Daoy and D425 medulloblastoma cells&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Perhydrohistrionicotoxin (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LSTM-SAKT: LSTM-Encoded SAKT-like Transformer for Knowledge Tracing (2021)

This paper introduces the 2nd place solution for the Riiid! Answer Correctness Prediction in Kaggle, the world's largest data science competition website. This competition was held from October 16, 2020, to January 7, 2021, with 3395 teams and 4387 competitors. The main insights and contributions of this paper are as follows. (i) We pointed out existing Transformer-based models are suffering from a problem that the information which their query/key/value can contain is limited. To solve this problem, we proposed a method that uses LSTM to obtain query/key/value and verified its effectiveness. (ii) We pointed out 'inter-container' leakage problem, which happens in datasets where questions are sometimes served together. To solve this problem, we showed special indexing/masking techniques that are useful when using RNN-variants and Transformer. (iii) We found additional hand-crafted features are effective to overcome the limits of Transformer, which can never consider the samples older than the sequence length.
A Computer Aided Detection system for mammographic images implemented on a GRID infrastructure (2003)

The use of an automatic system for the analysis of mammographic images has proven to be very useful to radiologists in the investigation of breast cancer, especially in the framework of mammographic-screening programs. A breast neoplasia is often marked by the presence of microcalcification clusters and massive lesions in the mammogram: hence the need for tools able to recognize such lesions at an early stage. In the framework of the GPCALMA (GRID Platform for Computer Assisted Library for MAmmography) project, the co-working of italian physicists and radiologists built a large distributed database of digitized mammographic images (about 5500 images corresponding to 1650 patients) and developed a CAD (Computer Aided Detection) system, able to make an automatic search of massive lesions and microcalcification clusters. The CAD is implemented in the GPCALMA integrated station, which can be used also for digitization, as archive and to perform statistical analyses. Some GPCALMA integrated stations have already been implemented and are currently on clinical trial in some italian hospitals. The emerging GRID technology can been used to connect the GPCALMA integrated stations operating in different medical centers. The GRID approach will support an effective tele- and co-working between radiologists, cancer specialists and epidemiology experts by allowing remote image analysis and interactive online diagnosis.
Real-time coding of Gauss-Markov sources over burst erasure channels (2012)

We study real-time coding of Gauss-Markov sources over burst-erasure channels. A time-invariant encoder sequentially compresses a sequence of vector Gaussian sources, which are spatially i.i.d. and temporally correlated according to a Gauss-Markov model. The channel is a burst erasure channel that erases up to B packets in a single burst. The decoder is interested in instantaneously reconstructing all the source sequences within a quadratic (mean square error) distortion D, except for packets lost in the erasure burst window. We study the minimum achievable rate for the encoder under these constraints and define it as the lossy rate-recovery function R(B, D). We develop lower and upper bounds for the function and observe that the bounds coincide in the high resolution limit. Numerical comparisons indicate that the proposed joint source-channel coding scheme provides significant gains over a separation based scheme.
Fusion multi-capteurs hétérogène basée sur un réseau d'évidence pour la détection de chute (2011)

National audience
A feasibility study of controlled human infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malawi (2021)

None.
Frequency multiplier response to spurious signals and its effect on local oscillator systems in millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths (2003)

Broadband fixed-tuned frequency multipliers in conjunction with broadband power amplifiers driven by frequency synthesizers are often used as local oscillator (LO) sources in the millimeter and submillimeter wave heterodyne instruments. At these frequencies the multipliers use Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) based Schottky varactor diodes as the nonlinear element, and like most other harmonic generators are susceptible to spurious signal interference. The state-of-the-art LO sources in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths use MMIC power amplifiers producing in excess of 250 mW of output power in the 100 GHz range, and they are used to drive the subsequent multiplier stages. Because of the high input power environment and the presence of noise in the system, the multipliers become vulnerable to spurious signal interference, either through the bias lines or through the RF port. As the spurious signals propagate through the multiplier chain, they generate inter-modulation products which might fall in the passband of the heterodyne instrument and seriously degrade its performance. The issues of frequency multiplier response to spurious signal interference and its effect on local oscillator performance in millimeter and submillimeter wave heterodyne instruments are investigated. Results of numerical harmonic balance simulations and laboratory experiments are presented here, and are found to show good agreement.
Sputum Gene Expression of IL-13 Receptor α2 Chain Correlates with Airflow Obstruction and Helper T-Cell Type 2 Inflammation in Asthma (2016)

This analysis demonstrates that IL-13Rα2 is associated with reduced lung function, helper T-cell type 2 gene expression, and airflow obstruction in the airway of individuals with asthma, which might in turn be driven by airway remodeling. Future studies will be required to define the proinflammatory and remodeling effects of this receptor that up to now has been considered solely a modulator of IL-13-induced inflammation.
[Effect of a new anticancer drug, docetaxel (RP56976), on human leukemia cell lines]. (1994)

The antitumor effect of a new derivative of taxol, docetaxel (RP56976), was examined in K562 human tumor system in vitro. K562 cells presenting a multidrug resistant phenotype showed cross resistance to docetaxel. However, the resistance levels of docetaxel in these cell lines were much lower than for adriamycin and vincristine. Flow cytometric analysis showed the accumulation of cells into G2/M phase after 18hrs. Wright-Giemsa staining showed a marked increase of metaphase population. Docetaxel was shown to promote the assembly of microtubule protein without GTP in vitro, but no inhibitory effect on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, topoisomerase activities were not affected by docetaxel. These results indicate that docetaxel acts as a strong mitotic inhibitor in cancer chemotherapy.
Literature-Wide Association Studies (LWAS) for a Rare Disease: Drug Repurposing for Inflammatory Breast Cancer (2020)

Drug repurposing is an effective means for rapid drug discovery. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a computational methodology based on Literature-Wide Association Studies (LWAS) of PubMed to repurpose existing drugs for a rare inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). We have developed a methodology that conducted LWAS based on the text mining technology Word2Vec. 3.80 million "cancer"-related PubMed abstracts were processed as the corpus for Word2Vec to derive vector representation of biological concepts. These vectors for drugs and diseases served as the foundation for creating similarity maps of drugs and diseases, respectively, which were then employed to find potential therapy for IBC. Three hundred and thirty-six (336) known drugs and three hundred and seventy (370) diseases were expressed as vectors in this study. Nine hundred and seventy (970) previously known drug-disease association pairs among these drugs and diseases were used as the reference set. Based on the hypothesis that similar drugs can be used against similar diseases, we have identified 18 diseases similar to IBC, with 24 corresponding known drugs proposed to be the repurposing therapy for IBC. The literature search confirmed most known drugs tested for IBC, with four of them being novel candidates. We conclude that LWAS based on the Word2Vec technology is a novel approach to drug repurposing especially useful for rare diseases.
A new murine model of humoral immuno‐deficiency specifically affects class switching to T‐independent antigens (2004)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype deficiencies are among the most common and least characterized humoral immunodeficiencies. A thorough understanding of their immunological and genetic features has been hampered by their extreme heterogeneity and the paucity of suitable animal models. Here, we report the initial characterization of a new mouse model with selective Ig deficiency. SENCARA mice display low serum IgG3 levels as well as severely deficient IgG3 responses to T cell-independent (TI) type 1 and 2 antigens. However, despite the significant block in class switching, expression of activation-induced deaminase and gamma3 germ-line transcription after TI antigen immunization are normal. IgG3 production in response to in vitro LPS stimulation was also normal, ruling out a specific defect in the Cgamma3 switch machinery. A decrease in the number of peritoneal B1a cells and enlarged splenic marginal zones were observed. The immunodeficiency is inherited as an autosomal, semi-dominant, essentially monogenic trait in SENCARA x C57BL/6 crosses. The SENCARA humoral immunodeficiency constitutes a novel immune phenotype, resembling human conditions such as IgG2 deficiency. This new mouse model will be of interest for the understanding of mechanisms involved in TI immune responses and may provide new insights into the molecular basis of human Ig deficiencies.
Requirements for human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes as an alternative to primary human hepatocytes for assessing absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of pharmaceuticals (2016)

Predicting drug-induced liver injury is still a big challenge for the research and development of pharmaceuticals. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are the gold standard cell sources for examining drug metabolism, drug-drug interaction (DDI) and hepatotoxicity in humans in vitro. However, their supply does not meet the demand of laboratories sufficiently, and only a limited number of lots of PHH are commercially available. Recently, human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes have been reported and are anticipated to be used as an alternative to PHH. However, drug metabolizing activities of these human iPS-derived hepatocytes have not been well characterized and quantitative target values for PHH alternatives remain unknown. In this study, we collected 179 data sheets of commercially available PHH lots from 4 vendors to clarify the characteristics of PHH in drug metabolism and DDI. We identified the most frequently observed value ranges (MFRs) of the activities of major drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4/5, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, UGT, and SULT) and drug transporters. Moreover, we also identified MFRs of fold changes of CYP inductions by each typical inducer both in the mRNA levels and the enzyme activity levels of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A. We suggest that these MFRs are the first milestone to develop and evaluate human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes as alternatives to PHH in pharmaceutical research for assessing absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity.
A rapid, efficient and versatile green synthesis of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes (2017)

The natural product 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) exhibits anti-cancer and immunostimulatory properties. We report an operationally simple, efficient and versatile synthesis of DIM derivatives by reaction of indoles with aldehydes in the presence of sulfuric acid in water. Short reaction times of only 5 min, simple work-up procedure, avoidance of hazardous organic solvents, and excellent yields are apparent advantages of this method. The synthetic protocol tolerates a broad range of functional groups allowing fast and straightforward access to a large variety of DIM derivatives, including 20 new compounds not previously described in literature, which have potential as anti-cancer drugs.
Lifetime exercise and disk degeneration: an MRI study of monozygotic twins (1997)

Participation in some competitive sports has been shown to increase disk degeneration; however, the long-term effects of recreational physical activities are unclear. We investigated the effects of endurance exercise and power sports on disk degeneration in monozygotic male twins with contrasting lifetime exercise histories. The effects of endurance exercise were studied in 22 discordant twin pairs (mean lifetime frequencies of 3.9 vs 1.1 times/wk), and the effects of power sports were investigated in 12 discordant pairs (2,300 vs 200 h of weightlifting). The age range of the twins was from 35 to 69 yr. No differences in MRI findings between co-twins discordant for endurance exercise were found at any of the spinal regions. Subjects with more power sport involvement had greater disk degeneration in the T6-T12 region (P < 0.03), but similar findings were not present in the lumbar spine. Controlling for recalled back injuries, occupational loading, smoking, and driving did not significantly affect the results. No signs of beneficial or harmful effects of lifetime endurance exercise on disk degeneration were seen. Increased power sport participation was associated with slightly greater disk degeneration in the lower thoracic spine, but not in the lumbar spine.
Direct Evidence for Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Wind Near 1 AU (2004)

[1] We have obtained direct evidence for local magnetic reconnection in the solar wind using solar wind plasma and magnetic field data obtained by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). The prime evidence consists of accelerated ion flow observed within magnetic field reversal regions in the solar wind. Here we report such observations obtained in the interior of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) or at the interface between two ICMEs on 23 November 1997 at a time when the magnetic field was stronger than usual. The observed plasma acceleration was consistent with the Walen relationship, which relates changes in flow velocity to density-weighted changes in the magnetic field vector. Pairs of proton beams having comparable densities and counterstreaming relative to one another along the magnetic field at a speed of ∼1.4VA, where VA was the local Alfven speed, were observed near the center of the accelerated flow event. We infer from the observations that quasi-stationary reconnection occurred sunward of the spacecraft and that the accelerated flow occurred within a Petschek-type reconnection exhaust region bounded by Alfven waves and having a cross section width of ∼4 × 105 km as it swept over ACE. The counterstreaming ion beams resulted from solar wind plasma entering the exhaust region from opposite directions along the reconnected magnetic field lines. We have identified a limited number (five) of other accelerated flow events in the ACE data that are remarkably similar to the 23 November 1997 event. All such events identified occurred at thin current sheets associated with moderate to large changes in magnetic field orientation (98°–162°) in plasmas characterized by low proton beta (0.01–0.15) and high Alfven speed (51–204 km/s). They also were all associated with ICMEs.