gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimisation techniques based on the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for logic implementation on FPGAs (1994)

The work described in this paper began some time ago as an investigation into two problems associated with logic minimisation or optimisation. These are respectively, the state assignment problem in the design of finite state machines, and the optimisation of combinational logic circuits using Reed-Muller (RM) techniques. When faced with such designs, the use of FPGAs to implement circuits is clearly appropriate. However, because of the limited resources available on FPGA parts, in terms of the number of available CLBs, and the increased difficulty that place and route software will experience in the layout of increasingly complex designs, it is felt that some form of optimisation of the design before implementation is still a necessary stage in the design process. This paper describes the implementation of algorithms which attempt to provide this type of optimisation for the two previously mentioned problems. The resultant software uses genetic algorithms to select, breed and test the fitness of potential solutions, and thereby recommend a near-optimal solution. In practice, these recommended solutions represent a considerable saving (in terms of gate count) on many circuit implementations, as experimental results demonstrate.
Does Ancient Hebrew Poetry Have Meter? (2021)

The study addresses the much-debated question of whether Hebrew poetic composition is characterized by meter. I examine the question in the light of ancient Greco-Roman literary theory and its reflections on Greek and Latin periodic prose. Greco-Roman theorists chart a spectrum of poetic composition, with ordinary prose on one end, metered poetry on the other, and poetic or "periodic" prose occupying a middle ground between the two. I show that (a) Hebrew poetic composition is characterized by the same formal devices as Greco-Roman periodic prose; (b) these devices structure Hebrew poetry into the same periodic literary form seen in Greco-Roman periodic prose; and (c) this form produces the same rhythmic effect as in Greco-Roman periodic prose, one that is natural, not intentionally summoned, and of comparative irregularity. Micah 3:9–12, Wilfred G. E. Watson's alleged "good illustration" of "regular metrical pattern," is examined as a case in point.
Chapter 14. Biosensing and Study of Biological Cells using Hyperpolarized 129Xe (2015)

International audience
Bacteriocinogenesis in cells of Xenorhabdus nematophilus and Photorhabdus luminescens: Enterobacteriaceae associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (1993)

Summary— Xenorhabdus nematophilus FI strain and Photorhabdus luminescens NC19 strain produced bacteriocins after mitomycin C treatment and under natural conditions respectively. The ultrastructure of these two strains was described and compared to the ultrastructure of untreated or normal cells. After image processing of purified bacteriocins we found morphological homology in infected cells with protoplasmic rods in longitudinal section and hexagonal aggregates in transversal section. We concluded that these particular structures, so-called ‘lattice structures’ and previously interpreted as ‘photosomes’, are in fact the early stages of in situ production of bacteriocins in these two bacterial genera. Natural occurrence of Photorhabdus spp bacteriocinogenesis was observed in other strains, while other lysogenic strains of Xenorhabdus spp are lysed after a mitomycin C treatment.
Exceptional C or C with exceptions (1992)

Abstract C does not have exception handling facilities. Errors are handled by examining the value returned by each function and signals (conditions reported to the program) are handled by using library functions. These approaches lead to ad hoc error‐handling techniques and can make programs hard to understand. Exceptional C, a superset of C, provides exception handling facilities. Exceptional C integrates the two techniques used by C programmers (i.e., status values and signals) to handle errors into one unified exception handling mechanism. In this paper, I review exception handling models, specify the criteria used for designing the exception handling facilities in Exceptional C, and then describe these facilities. I also illustrate the use of the exception handling facilities with examples.
Workload modeling for parallel computers (2006)

The availability of good workload models is essential for the design and analysis of parallel computer systems. A workload model can be applied directly in an experimental or simulation environment to verify new scheduling policies or strategies. Moreover, it can be used for extrapolating and predicting future workload conditions. In this work, we focus on the workload modeling for parallel computers. To this end, we start with an examination of the overall features of the available workloads. Here, we find a strong sequential dependency in the submission series of computational jobs. Next, a new approach using Markov chains is proposed that is capable of describing the temporal dependency. Second, we analyze the missing attributes in some workloads. Our results show that the missing information can be still recovered when the relevant model is trained from other complete data set. Based on the results of overall workload analysis, we begin to inspect the workload characteristics based on particular user-level features. That is, we analyze in detail how the individual users use parallel computers. In particular, we cluster the users into several manageable groups, while each of these groups has distinct features. These different groups provide a clear explanation for the global characteristics of workloads. Afterwards, we examine the user feedbacks and present a novel method to identify them. These evidences indicate that some users have an adaptive tendency and a complete workload model should not ignore the users' feedbacks. The work ends with a brief conclusion on the discussed modeling aspects and gives an outlook on future work.
Time-resolved structural analysis of K- and Ba-exchange reactions with synthetic Na-birnessite using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (2007)

Time-resolved Rietveld refinements using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) have documented real-time changes in unit-cell parameters in response to cation substitution in synthetic Na-birnessite. Potassium- and Ba-birnessite, like Na-birnessite, were found to have triclinic symmetry. Rietveld analyses of the XRD patterns for K- and Ba-exchanged birnessite revealed decreases in the a, c, and β unit-cell parameters, with a decrease of 1.7 and 0.5%, respectively, in unit-cell volume relative to Na-birnessite. Fourier electron difference syntheses revealed that the changes in the configuration of the interlayer species, and the charge, size, and hydration of the substituting cations, serve as the primary controls on changes in unit-cell parameters. Split electron density maxima with centers at (0 0 0.5) were present for Na, K, and Ba end-members; however, with increased substitution of K+ for Na+, the axis connecting the split-site maxima rotated from an orientation parallel to the b-axis to along the a-axis. Substitution of Ba2+ for Na+ did not result in rotation, but splitting of the interlayer site was more pronounced.
Mode coupling induced by random ocean sound speed structure: Mean intensity and revisiting the evolution equations for the cross-mode coherences. (2008)

The seminal papers of Dozier and Tappert (1978), Dozier (1983), and Creamer (1996) have analyzed mode coupling induced by a random ocean sound speed structure to derive transport equations for the range evolution of mean mode energy. A major assumption in this work is that the cross-mode coherences rapidly decay with range and can thus be ignored. Theoretical predictions of mode energy have been compared to a direct Monte Carlo simulation, yielding favorable results [Dozier and Tappert (1978) and Creamer (1996)], so the general accuracy of the transport equations cannot be questioned. However, if the observable of interest is the mean acoustic intensity, one will quickly realize that the cross-mode coherences do not decay rapidly with range and thus need to be estimated for accurate acoustic predictions; an example from deep ocean propagation will be provided. This paper presents a theoretical framework for computing cross-mode coherences and demonstrates why the coherences are not important for the evolution of mode energy.
Investigation of the filamentary and diffuse mode of barrier discharges in N2/O2mixtures at atmospheric pressure by cross-correlation spectroscopy (2005)

The techniques of spatially resolved cross-correlation spectroscopy (CCS) and current pulse oscillography were used to carry out systematic investigations of the barrier discharge (BD) in the binary gas mixtures N2/O2 at atmospheric pressure. At very low oxygen concentrations (<500 ppm), the BD was observed in a so-called diffuse mode (also referred to as atmospheric pressure glow discharge, glow silent discharge or homogeneous BD). In the case of the BD filamentary mode, the spatio-temporal distributions of the BD radiation intensities were recorded for the spectral bands of the 0–0 transitions of the second positive (λ = 337 nm) and first negative system of molecular nitrogen (λ = 391 nm). In the case of the diffuse mode, the spectral bands λ = 337 nm, λ = 260 nm (0–3 transition of the γ -system of NO) and λ = 557 nm (radiation of ON2 excimer) were used for this purpose. The velocities of the cathode-directed ionizing waves as well as the effective lifetimes of the excited states N2(C 3 � u)υ� =0 and N + (B 2 � + u )υ � =0 were evaluated from the CCS data. Special attention was devoted to the investigation of the transition between the filamentary and diffuse modes of the BD, this transition being caused by the variation of oxygen content within the range 500–1000 ppm. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
[Strategies for data analysis of brain activation studies with functional MR tomography]. (1995)

The sensitivity of gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to changes in cerebral blood oxygenation has been introduced for mapping functional brain activation. To benefit from the high spatial and temporal resolution of the respective dynamic MRI data sets, their analysis requires algorithms that are capable of both precisely delineating task-related activation patterns and demonstrating functional connectivity of interacting areas. Here, we present various strategies for data evaluation by means of correlational analyses that surpass the quality of subtraction-based activation maps by improving both sensitivity and robustness. On a pixel-by-pixel basis the approach correlates signal time courses with a reference function, reflecting the temporal sequence of activated and control states. Extended versions employ the calculation of auto- or cross-correlation functions that increase sensitivity, but require periodic stimulations. Following individual correction for non-specific but correlated signal fluctuations, mapping of task-related coherent activation can be improved using neighborhood principles. Such refined strategies are expected to enhance the usefulness of oxygenation-sensitive MRI for studying the functional anatomy of the human brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Hidden Convexity in a Problem of Nonlinear Elasticity (2021)

We study compressible and incompressible nonlinear elasticity variational problems in a general context. Our main result gives a sufficient condition for an equilibrium to be a global energy minimizer, in terms of convexity properties of the pressure in the deformed configuration. We also provide a convex relaxation of the problem together with its dual formulation, based on measure-valued mappings, which coincides with the original problem under our condition.
Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in Catalysis: Impacts on Catalysts’ Selectivity (2019)

Catalysis plays an important role in sustainable chemistry, enabling the development of more efficient processes by minimizing the consumption of energy and reducing the generation of by-products. The design of efficient catalysts is a key point in this respect, where spectroscopy confers fundamental knowledge at the molecular scale. Among the different spectroscopies, infrared (IR) spectroscopy is of great interest, enabling information about the nature of active species and the reaction mechanism, leading to precise structure-activity correlations, which are a key point in the design of new catalysts. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of the catalysts under working conditions can be also monitored by IR spectroscopy, where structural modifications of working catalysts have strong repercussion in catalysis. In this chapter, interesting examples will be discussed, related to industrial relevant processes, like Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, ethylene oligomerization, synthesis of aniline from nitrocompounds, and the dehydration of aldoximes to nitriles.
Optimization of 32P-postlabelling assays for the quantitation of O6-mettyl and N7-methyldeoxyguanosine-3′ -monophosphates in human DNA (1994)

The 3' and 5'-monophosphates of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine and N7-methyldeoxyguanosine were chemically synthesized. Using these standards with deoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate (dGp) as an internal standard, conditions were optimized to quantify O6-methyldeoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate (O6-MedGp) and N7-methyldeoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate (N7-MedGp) by 32P-postlabelling. Under optimal conditions, the labelling efficiencies of O6-MedGp and N7-MedGp were respectively approximately 100 and approximately 15%, with detection limits of approximately 1.1 and approximately 6.0 fmol respectively using 10 pmol dGp or 0.8 fmol of O6-MedGp if 2 pmol of dGp was used. The assay developed for O6-MedGp was then applied to the quantitation of [3H]-O6-MedGp and O6-MedGp isolated from DNA digests by immunoaffinity separation. The standard curve generated from the use of [3H]-O6-MedGp, thus isolated, was identical to that generated previously using the chemically synthesized O6-MedGp, indicating that no inhibitory factors co-eluted with the O6-MedGp. After passage through two immunocolumns, recovery of 4 and 40 fmol of O6-MedGp was approximately 30%. Four human stomach samples were analysed by combining this immunoaffinity purification with 32P-post-labelling: levels ranged from 0.21 to 0.86 mumol O6-MedGp/mol dG. Further DNA samples, isolated from the human colon, were fractionated by anion-exchange HPLC and the N7-MedGp and O6-MedGp containing fractions were purified by reverse-phase HPLC and immunoaffinity chromatography respectively. Adduct-containing fractions were dried and 32P-postlabelled. Whereas O6-MedGp was detected at levels between 0.3 and 3.4 mumol O6-MedGp/mol dG, no N7-MedGp was detected in these samples, probably due to depurination of N7-MedGp to N7-methylguanine or reduced assay sensitivity resulting from contaminating nucleotides and/or unidentified radioactivity eluting close to the N7-methyldeoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate.
Quantifying Anti-Strip Additive in Asphalt (Binder & Mixes) (2005)

In this study, litmus and colorimetric tests were developed to quantify the contents of amine-based antistrip additives in asphalt binders and mixes. In addition, the effect of prolonged heating on antistrip additive content was evaluated for both asphalt binders and mixes. Results of this study indicate that both litmus and colorimetric tests are capable of detecting and quantifying amine-based antistrip additives in asphalt binders and mixes. Also, both test methods were able to validate the antistrip additive contents in field samples with known additive contents. When subjected to prolonged heating periods, the antistrip additive content decreased substantially for both asphalt binders and mixes. For asphalt binders, no antistrip additive content was detectable after 24 to 48 hours of extended heating; for mixes, the measured antistrip additive content approached zero percent after 6 to 12 hours of extended heating.
A modulo merge sorting network (2003)

The odd-even merge is a widely used and generally accepted merging network that uses O(N log/sup 2/N) comparators with O(log/sup 2/N) delay. A novel merging network is presented that generalizes the technique used in the odd-even merge. It is based on the division of the input keys by a specified modulus, not limited to 2. A special comparator is used in the final merge step that accepts m input lines and produces m sorted items, where m is the modulus selected for the merge. Alternatives are discussed that apply to the bitonic merging network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanistic failure mode investigation and resolution of parvovirus retentive filters (2016)

Virus retentive filters are a key product safety measure for biopharmaceuticals. A simplistic perception is that they function solely based on a size-based particle removal mechanism of mechanical sieving and retention of particles based on their hydrodynamic size. Recent observations have revealed a more nuanced picture, indicating that changes in viral particle retention can result from process pressure and/or flow interruptions. In this study, a mechanistic investigation was performed to help identify a potential mechanism leading to the reported reduced particle retention in small virus filters. Permeate flow rate or permeate driving force were varied and analyzed for their impact on particle retention in three commercially available small virus retentive filters. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:959-970, 2016.
Chamaemelum nobile L. Aqueous Extract Represses Endogenous Glucose Production and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice (2007)

The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the possible mechanisms of action involved in the hypoglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Chamaemelum nobile (CN) (20 mg kg-1). This study was carried out in multi low-dose streptozotocin-induced (MLDS) diabetic mice. Hypoglycaemic effect of CN was studied after both single and repeated oral administration of CN aqueous extract (20 mg kg-1). Endogenous glucose production was estimated using primed-continuous 3-3H glucose infusion technique. While, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique was used to assess peripheral insulin sensitivity. Both single and repeated oral administration (s) of aqueous CN extract evoked a prominent hypoglycaemic activity in MLDS diabetic mice. In other hand, 3-3H glucose infusion demonstrated that this hypoglycaemic activity was accompanied by a decrease in basal endogenous glucose production (EGP). EGP was lower in CS-treated group when compared to the control group, 15.5Â±0.5 vs 27.2Â±7.1 mg kg-1 min-1 (p
Plasticizer structure/performance relationships (1993)

Abstract Plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) may be organized into eight chemical families and by seven key performance criteria. Cost‐effective general‐purpose phthalates provide a base line for comparing all other plasticizers. The wide range of performance characteristics associated with various phthalate isomers substantiates the large proportion of phthalate esters that are utilized as plasticizers. This article summarizes plasticizer structural/performance relationships using quantitative comparisons of cost, plasticizing efficiency, plastisol solvation characteristics, dryblending, volatility, and low temperature performance properties in PVC. Some generalizations are also made concerning structural effects of the alcohol isomers used in the syntheses of the various types of plasticizer esters.
Discovery of Ligands for the Nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptors (1996)

The identification of high-affinity ligands for PPAR gamma has revealed the role of this receptor as the molecular target for the antidiabetic activity of the thiazolidinediones. The surprising observation that agonists of an adipogenic transcription factor reverse the obesity-associated disease of diabetes highlights the power of using potent and selective ligands to study receptor-mediated biology. Similarly, the observation that PGD2 and its cyclopentenone metabolites compounds are microM PPAR ligands suggests that these receptors may have a physiological role in mediating prostaglandin signaling in the spleen.
P3‐610: EAT HEALTHIER, KEEP YOUR BRAIN WELL CONNECTED! (2019)

Mediterranean Diet has for long been suggested as a protective factor against many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, magnetoencephalography has proven to be a useful tool for AD early detection, being sensitive to the first functional connectivity (FC) alterations that emerge before clinical symptomatically arises. This progression of network remodeling that occurs as AD pathology advances has been well defined by our group. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the protective effect of diet against AD has been tested employing FC measures in humans. From a sample of 118 healthy cognitively normal individuals aging 50-81, we randomly selected 87 divided into two groups of subjects at increased genetic risk for AD (ApoE ε3ε4) and subjects at a standard risk (ApoE ε3ε3), so that both groups would not differ in Mediterranean Diet Adherence (MDA), age, sex, Mini Mental State Examination score, educational level and body mass index. Each subject underwent four minutes of eyes-closed resting state recording while comfortably sitting in dim light. We estimated FC using phase-locking value and applied network based statistics to detect the network of regions of interest within the default mode network (DMN) whose connectivity is significantly modulated by MDA in the same direction (cluster configuration p<01; network based permutation test p<0.05). We found that MDA correlated in the whole sample with increased FC in the beta band (12-30 Hz) in a cluster formed by the right precuneus, the left posterior cingulate cortex and the superior frontal orbital cortex bilaterally (rho=0.35; p=0.00095). Nevertheless, this correlation only remained significant among ε3ε3 carriers (rho=0.43; p=0.00115). Although a positive association was also observed for ε3ε4 carriers (rho=0.24; p=0.17805) it was weaker and not significant.
Changing the Appearance of Real-World Objects By Modifying Their Surroundings (2017)

We present an approach to alter the perceived appearance of physical objects by controlling their surrounding space. Many real-world objects cannot easily be equipped with displays or actuators in order to change their shape. While common approaches such as projection mapping enable changing the appearance of objects without modifying them, certain surface properties (e.g. highly reflective or transparent surfaces) can make employing these techniques difficult. In this work, we present a conceptual design exploration on how the appearance of an object can be changed by solely altering the space around it, rather than the object itself. In a proof-of-concept implementation, we place objects onto a tabletop display and track them together with users to display perspective-corrected 3D graphics for augmentation. This enables controlling properties such as the perceived size, color, or shape of objects. We characterize the design space of our approach and demonstrate potential applications. For example, we change the contour of a wallet to notify users when their bank account is debited. We envision our approach to gain in importance with increasing ubiquity of display surfaces.