gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly diastereoselective formation of substituted indolizidines and quinolizidines by radical cyclization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly diastereoselective formation of substituted indolizidines and quinolizidines by radical cyclizationAthelstan L. J. Beckwith, Sajan P. Joseph, and Roshan T. A. MayadunneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 16, 4198–4199Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00068a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00068a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Proactive, reactive and hybrid multicast routing protocols for Wireless Mesh Networks (2013)

Wireless Mesh Networks comes under the category of mobile ad-hoc networks with fixed positions of nodes to communicate to the internet through a single gateway or more than one gate way. In order to provide a multi point communication within the mesh network, a multicast routing protocol is required. Multicast routing is a key technology for modern communication networks. Multicast Routing becomes a prominent technology for wireless communication networks various multicast routing protocols are developed for internet and ad-hoc communications This paper gives the overview of some of the existing proactive, reactive and hybrid multicast routing protocols over WMNs with its strengths and weaknesses. The following multicast routing protocols are selected for their performance comparison; they are On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol(ODMRP), Multicast Ad hoc On Demand distance Vector (MAODV) Protocol, Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF), Ad hoc Multicasting Routing Protocol(AM Route) and Optimized Polymorphic Hybrid Multicast Routing Protocol(OPHMR). Among them, MOSPF and AM Route is a proactive routing protocol and OPHRM is a Hybrid routing protocol while MAODV and ODMRP are reactive multicast routing protocols.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Roles for Endothelin Receptor B and BCL2A1 in Spontaneous CNS Metastasis of Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 60K, Examination of gene alterations relevant to spontaneous melanoma brain metastases&lt;/p&gt;
The role of generic models in conceptual change (1996)

We hypothesize generic models to be central in conceptual change in science. This hypothesis has its origins in two theoretical sources. The first source, constructive modeling, derives from a philosophical theory that synthesizes analyses of historical conceptual changes in science with investigations of reasoning and representation in cognitive psychology. The theory of constructive modeling posits generic mental models as productive in conceptual change. The second source, adaptive modeling, derives from a computational theory of creative design. The theory of adaptive modeling uses generic mental models to enable analogical transfer. Both theories posit situation independent domain abstractions, i.e. generic models. Using a constructive modeling interpreution of the reasoning exhibited in protocols collected by John Clement (1989) of a problem solving session involving conceptual change, we employ the representational constructs and processing structures of the theory of adaptive modeling to develop a new computational model, ToRQUE . Here we describe a piece of our analysis of the protocol to illustrate how our synthesis of the two theories is being used to develop a system for articulating and testing ToRQUE. The results of our research show how generic modeling plays a central role in conceptual change. They also demonstrate how such an interdisciplinary synthesis can provide significant insights into scientific reasoning.
Micropatterning of Silica Nanoparticles by Electrospray Deposition through a Stencil Mask (2013)

This article describes the local deposition, or micropatterning, of silica nanoparticles (NPs) using an electrospray method with a stencil mask. The proposed technique can be carried out in a single step at room temperature and atmospheric pressure under dry conditions, allowing it to be used with water- or vacuum-sensitive materials, and leading to cost reductions and high throughput. An evaluation of the patterning accuracy using a 20 µm thick mask showed that for patterns with line widths greater than 50 µm, the pattern was reproduced with an accuracy greater than 95%. When silver NPs were preferably deposited on the silica NPs using a modified silver mirror reaction, they were found to exhibit strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering effects. The proposed process is readily applicable to the development of high-performance micro total analysis systems.
M3RSM: Many-to-many multi-resolution scan matching (2015)

We describe a new multi-resolution scan matching method that makes exhaustive (and thus local-minimum-proof) matching practical, even for large positional uncertainties. Unlike earlier multi-resolution methods, in which putative matches at low-resolutions can lead the matcher to an incorrect solution, our method generates exactly the same answer as a brute-force full-resolution method. We provide a proof of this. Novelly, our method allows decimation of both the look-up table and in the point cloud, yielding a 10x speedup versus contemporary correlative methods. When a robot closes a large-scale loop, it must often consider many loop-closure candidates. In this paper, we describe an approach for posing a scan matching query over these candidates jointly, finding the best match(es) between a particular pose and a set of candidate poses (“one-to-many”), or the best match between two sets of poses (“many-to-many”). This mode of operation finds the first loop closure as much as 45x faster than traditional “one-to-one” scan matching.
Induction of transcription factor CEBP homology protein mediates hypoglycaemia‐induced necrotic cell death in human neuroblastoma cells (2006)

Oxygen and glucose deprivation are direct consequences of tissue ischaemia. We explored the interaction of hypoxia and hypoglycaemia on cell survival and gene expression in the absence of glutamatergic signalling using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as a model. In agreement with previous investigations in non-neural cells, prolonged hypoxia (0.5% O(2)) failed to induce significant cell death in this system. In contrast, exposure to hypoglycaemia induced significant necrotic cell death (> 80% after 72 h). Interestingly, hypoglycaemia-induced cell death was completely abrogated by simultaneous exposure to hypoxia, suggesting strong cytoprotective effects of hypoxia. Subsequent microarray analysis of the underlying transcriptional responses revealed that the transcription factor CEBP homology protein (CHOP) was strongly induced by hypoglycaemia, and suppressed by simultaneous hypoxia. RNA interference against CHOP significantly protected cells from glucose deprivation-induced cell death. Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activation also protected cells against hypoglycaemia-induced cell death, but VEGF failed to modify hypoglycaemia-induced CHOP induction. Our data suggest that hypoglycaemia-induced necrotic cell death of neuroblastoma cells is an active process mediated via the induction of the transcription factor CHOP, and that hypoxia counteracts this cell death via at least two distinct mechanisms: repression of CHOP and induction of VEGF.
A Novel Measurement Technique of Pure Out-of-Plane Vibrational Modes in Thin Films on a Nonmetallic Material with No Polarizer (2002)

A novel measurement technique has been developed to simultaneously obtain polarized spectra of in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) vibrational modes in optically thin films deposited on a nonmetallic substrate without using a polarizer. These spectra correspond to the conventional infrared transmission and reflection−absorption (RA) spectra, respectively. It has been commonly believed that the mode-selective measurements require polarizers and a specific surface. In particular, the OP-mode measurements always require a metallic surface to generate the surface-normal electric field in the films. The present technique overcomes the limitations of the measurements by considering the concept of virtual longitudinal-wave light using a new arithmetic regression model. The nonpolarized transmitted infrared ray through thin films on a transparent material (Ge) was collected at different angles of incidence, and the transmittance single-beam spectra were subjected to the chemometric spectral resolution, so that absorbance spectra were finally obtained. The two spectra resolved from the nonpolarization spectra were found to perfectly correspond to the conventional transmission and RA spectra. Since this technique is not affected by the enhancement factor that depends on a dielectric property of the metal surface, the band-intensity ratio of the two resolved spectra can be used for direct evaluation of molecular orientation in the films. Further, band shifts due to TO-LO splitting have clearly been observed on the nonmetallic substrate.
Rhizosphere colonization of wheat by selected soil bacteria over diverse environments (1993)

The ability to colonize the rhizosphere is essential for bacteria to function as biological control agents for soil-borne plant pathogens. Eight bacterial strains reported to colonize wheat roots, inhibit root pathogens, and (or) improve wheat growth and yield were applied to wheat seeds that were planted in fumigated and nonfumigated soil in the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons at two locations in Arkansas. Rhizosphere population sizes were highly correlated with population sizes on seeds. Bacillus subtilis strain D-39Sr colonized roots as well in nonfumigated as in fumigated soil, and the other seven strains had rhizosphere populations 0.3 to 1.1 log units higher in fumigated soil. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2-79R was one of the best colonizers, and Streptomyces strain D-185S was the poorest. The greatest difference among strains was for relative colonization ability of crown roots in the spring. All strains except Streptomyces strain D-185S appear to have broad adaptation to colonize wheat roots and are able to compete with soil microflora for colonization sites. This research indicates that it is possible to select bacteria in the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, or Xanthomonas that will colonize roots well over diverse environments. Rhizosphere colonization by these strains was not associated with disease suppression or enhanced plant growth or yield.Key words: biological control, rhizosphere competence, wheat, Triticum aestivum.
An investigation of biomarkers derived from legacy microarray data for their utility in the RNA-seq era (2014)

Signature genes of predictive models are reciprocally transferable between microarray and RNA-seq data for model development, and microarray-based models can accurately predict RNA-seq-profiled samples; while RNA-seq-based models are less accurate in predicting microarray-profiled samples and are affected both by the choice of modeling algorithm and the gene mapping complexity. The results suggest continued usefulness of legacy microarray data and established microarray biomarkers and predictive models in the forthcoming RNA-seq era.
Emulating human decision making process using hybrid system (2002)

This paper presents the prototype implementation of a hybrid neural network expert system shell. The shell, structured around the concept of "network element", is aimed at preserving semantic structure of the expert system rules whilst incorporating learning capability of neural networks into the inference mechanism. Using this architecture, every rule of the knowledge base is represented by a one or two-layer neural network element. These network elements are dynamically linked up to form the rule-tree during inference process. Furthermore, the firing of netels emulate opportunistic decision making process, which is typical of human decision makers. Finally, the system is also able to adjust its inference strategy according to different users and situations.
The Use Of Social Networking Websites As A Recruiting Tool For Employers (2010)

The use of online social networking is a commonplace occurrence. A recent trend is for employers and recruiters to utilize social networking sites to screen candidates as part of the hiring process. This study examines student attitudes and awareness of these practices.
Determinants of serum sclerostin in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women (2011)

Sclerostin is a secreted Wnt antagonist produced almost exclusively by osteocytes that regulates bone mass. However, there is currently limited information on the determinants of sclerostin in a large population-based study. The main objectives of the present study were to: (1) establish reference normative interval values for serum sclerostin in randomly selected healthy premenopausal women; (2) study the changes in serum sclerostin in relation to age in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and the factors that may influence bone turnover; and (3) determine the effect of menopausal status on serum sclerostin. A total of 1803 women were studied (including [n = 1235] premenopausal, and [n = 568] postmenopausal women, respectively, aged 20 to 79 years). A total of 443 healthy premenopausal women (aged 35 to 45 years) were used to establish reference normative intervals for serum sclerostin. All women studied were medically examined and had their bone mineral density values obtained for the lumbar spine (L(1) -L(4) ) and femoral neck according to a detailed inclusion criteria. In all women, values of serum sclerostin increased with increasing age up to the age of 45 years, and remained increased in postmenopausal women. Significant increases were evident in serum sclerostin in postmenopausal women with increasing years since menopause. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, several variables were identified as determinants of serum sclerostin, including age, parathyroid hormone, estradiol (E(2)), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for premenopausal women; age, FSH, and E(2) for postmenopausal women; and age, serum osteocalcin, FSH, and E(2) in the entire sample studied. Further studies are needed to establish the potential role of this increase in mediating the known age-related impairment in bone formation.
Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts for Asymmetric Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis (2006)

The synthesis of olefin metathesis catalysts containing chiral, monodentate N-heterocyclic carbenes and their application to asymmetric ring-closing metathesis (ARCM) are reported. These catalysts retain the high levels of reactivity found in the related achiral variants (1a and 1b). Using the parent chiral catalysts 2a and 2b and derivatives that contain steric bulk in the meta positions of the N-bound aryl rings (catalysts 3-5), five- through seven-membered rings were formed in up to 92% ee. The addition of sodium iodide to catalysts 2a-4a (to form 2b-4b in situ) caused a dramatic increase in enantioselectivity for many substrates. Catalyst 5a, which gave high enantiomeric excesses for certain substrates without the addition of NaI, could be used in loadings of < or =1 mol %. Mechanistic explanations for the large sodium iodide effect as well as possible mechanistic pathways leading to the observed products are discussed.
Concentration Fluctuations and Nanosegregation in a Simplified Industrial Blend with Large Dynamic Asymmetry (2020)

Applying small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on isotopically labeled samples, we have characterized the thermally driven concentration fluctuations (TCFs), one of the main factors in the phenomenology of blend dynamics, in mixtures of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and oligomers of polystyrene (PS) with different compositions. This system displays a large dynamic asymmetry and is thus a good model to explore the tunability of properties of interest in the rubber industry. The SANS experiments, complemented with neutron diffraction with polarization analysis, have allowed one to determine the UCST behavior of the blend and establish its phase diagram. We find a close vicinity of the spinodal and vitrification lines for intermediate concentrations and samples rich in PS. This induces the freezing of the correlation length for TCF when decreasing the temperature and also has an impact on the reported dielectric response of these mixtures. Furthermore, we have deduced the relevant length scale for segmental relaxation from the comparison of SANS and dielectric results. The values found (≈1.5–2 nm) are close to the Kuhn lengths of the components. The relevance of nanometric length scales in this system could also be tentatively attributed to an underlying nanodomain structure associated with the segregation of phenyl rings and main chains, supported by complementary X-ray diffraction experiments.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing the N6‐(2‐Deoxy‐α,β‐d‐erythropentofuranosyl)‐2,6‐diamino‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐formamidopyrimidine (Fapy⋅dG) Oxidative Damage Product Derived from 2′‐Deoxyguanosine (2020)

N<sup>6</sup> -(2-Deoxy-α,β-d-erythropentofuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy⋅dG) is a major DNA lesion produced from 2'-deoxyguanosine under oxidizing conditions. Fapy⋅dG is produced from a common intermediate that leads to 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodGuo), and in greater quantities in cells. The impact of Fapy⋅dG on DNA structure and function is much less well understood than that of 8-OxodGuo. This is largely due to the significantly greater difficulty in synthesizing oligonucleotides containing Fapy⋅dG than 8-OxodGuo. We describe a synthetic approach for preparing oligonucleotides containing Fapy⋅dG that will facilitate intensive studies of this lesion in DNA. A variety of oligonucleotides as long as 30 nucleotides are synthesized. We anticipate that the chemistry described herein will provide an impetus for a wide range of studies involving Fapy⋅dG.
The Gallium-Phosphorus-Zinc Ternary Phase Diagram (1966)

The data obtained from a series of differential thermal analysis studies have been used, along with several x‐ray studies, information from the literature, and a regular solution computation to construct a portion of the condensed ternary phase diagram for the gallium‐phosphorus‐zinc system. The phase diagram consists principally of the primary phase fields of and .
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIZATION OF 1,4‐DIHYDROBENZOCYCLOALKENES, 1,4‐DIHYDRONAPHTHOCYCLOALKENES, AND RELATED SYSTEMS (1980)

Abstract Dicyanodichlorchinon (II) reagiert mit 1,4‐Dihydroaromaten wie Verbindung (I) glatt zu den Aromaten (III) und dem Hydrochinon (IV).
Viewing medium affects arm motor performance in 3D virtual environments (2011)

Despite the similarity in majority of the movement kinematics, differences in movement speed and larger errors were observed for movements using the HMD. Use of the SPS may be a more comfortable and effective option to view VEs for upper limb rehabilitation post-stroke. This has implications for the use of VR applications to enhance upper limb recovery.
Analysis of Prairie Vole Amylin Reveals the Importance of the N-Terminus and Residue 22 in Amyloidogenicity and Cytotoxicity (2019)

Amyloid formation by amylin contributes to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. The features that control the amyloidogenicity and toxicity of amylin are not understood. Not all species form islet amyloid, and its presence or absence correlates with the <i>in vitro</i> behavior of the polypeptide. Rats do not develop type 2 diabetes or islet amyloid, and rat amylin is non-amyloidogenic, except at very high concentrations. This has led to the notion that rodent amylins are non-amyloidogenic. Prairie vole amylin has an unusual sequence compared to those of human and rat amylin, including nonconservative Lys-1 to Glu and Asn-22 to Gly substitutions. The first reduces the net charge on the peptide, while the second disrupts a potential network of side chain hydrogen bonds in the amyloid fiber, a so-called Asn ladder. The prairie vole polypeptide forms amyloid more slowly than human amylin and is considerably less cytotoxic. An Asn-22 to Gly substitution in human amylin significantly reduces toxicity, increasing the effective concentration of amylin required to reach 50% toxicity by >7-fold, but has modest effects on the time to form amyloid. A Lys-1 to Glu replacement has a weaker effect but does reduce toxicity relative to that of human amylin, without having a significant impact on the time to form amyloid. The effect of the Lys-1 to Glu substitution on amyloid kinetics is more significant in Tris buffer than in phosphate-buffered saline. This work demonstrates that the N-terminus of amylin plays a role in modulating toxicity and highlights the key role of position 22.
Nanomolar versus Millimolar Inhibition by Xylobiose-Derived Azasugars:  Significant Differences between Two Structurally Distinct Xylanases (2000)

The synthesis of xylobiose-derived nitrogen-containing inhibitors of xylanase is described starting with accessible precursors through efficient synthetic schemes. Four disaccharides were identified as powerful competitive inhibitors of the retaining family 10 xylanase, Cex, from Cellulomonas fimi, namely imidazole (Ki = 150 nM), lactam oxime (Ki = 370 nM), isofagomine (Ki = 130 nM), and deoxynojirimycin (Ki = 5800 nM) derivatives of xylobiose. By contrast, none of the compounds inhibited the family 11 xylanase, Bcx, from Bacillus circulans, to an appreciable extent. Two possible explanations are provided for the discrimination exhibited by the imidazole and the lactam oxime. One explanation relates to the different active site locations of the acid/base residue in the two enzymes: anti to the C1−O5 bond for the family 10 Cex and syn for the family 11 Bcx. The other explanation concerns proposed differences in the transition state conformation for the two enzymes: half-chair for Cex and boat for Bcx. The reasons for the difference in inhibition values between Cex and Bcx for the isofagomine and deoxynojirimycin derivatives are less clear-cut but may be ascribed to destabilizing steric and electrostatic interactions between the inhibitors and an essential tyrosine residue in the active site of Bcx.