gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH‐D‐330A‐06: Registration of Gated PET Images Using Wavelet Denoising (2006)

Objective: Gated PET images are characterized by low signal to noise ratio which results in poor image registration. The aim of this abstract is to evaluate the accuracy of image registration of gated PET images following wavelet denoising. Methods: A NEMA/IEC phantom containing 6 spheres of varying diameters (1–3.7cm) was filled with F‐18 water and positioned on a unidirectional translating platform in the FOV of a DST PET/CT scanner. A sinusoidal waveform (5 sec cycle, 2cm peak to peak) was used to drive the platform during the PET data acquisition. The platform motion was tracked using an RPM device which sent a trigger signal to the PET scanner at a specific phase of every repeating cycle of the waveform. PET data was acquired in 2D for 30 minutes using LIST mode and then rebinned using a gated prescription (10 bins of 500 msec each) into 13 different scan durations ranging from 1 min to 30 min. This scheme resulted in 13 gated image sets each corresponding to a different scan duration. The same experiment was then repeated using four different sphere/background ratios of 2, 3.4, 7.4 and 13.5. PET images were then reconstructed using OSEM. At each contrast ratio and scan duration, the gated images were first processed using wavelet denoising and then registered to the first bin. The estimated motion from this registration was then compared to that without wavelet denoising as well as to the true motion. Results: Wavelet denoising decreases the background noise without blurring the image. The effect of wavelet denoising on image registration decreased with increasing sphere‐to‐background ratio and increasing scan duration. Plots showing the difference between image registration with and without wavelet denoising will be presented. Conclusion: Wavelet denoising improves image registration. This improvement quickly diminishes with increasing scan duration and/or contrast ratio.
Querying spectrum databases and improved sensing for vehicular cognitive radio networks (2014)

Cognitive radio (CR) vehicular networks are poised to opportunistically use the licensed spectrum for high bandwidth inter-vehicular messaging, driver-assist functions, and passenger entertainment services. Recent rulings that mandate the use of spectrum databases introduce additional challenges in this highly mobile environment, where the CR enabled vehicles must update their spectrum data frequently and complete the data transfers with roadside base stations. As the rules allow local spectrum sensing only under the assurance of high accuracy, there is an associated tradeoff in obtaining assuredly correct spectrum updates from the database at a finite cost, compared to locally obtained sensing results that may have a finite error probability. This paper aims to answer the question of when to undertake local spectrum sensing and when to rely on database updates through a novel method of exploiting the correlation between 2G spectrum bands and TV whitespace. We describe experimental studies that validate our approach and quantify the cost savings made possible by intermittent database queries.
Age‐Hardening Behavior of Deformed Excess Mg‐Type Al‐Mg‐Si Alloys (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Result Summary
501. RheoSwitch® Therapeutic System-Inducible Recombinant AAV Vectors for Tightly Regulated Transgene Expression (2006)

Recent advances in recombinant AAV (rAAV) vector technology have made rAAV a vector of choice for many gene therapy applications. rAAV vectors for delivery of the RheoSwitch® Therapeutic System (RTS) are ideal systems for regulatory control of long-term therapeutic gene expression in vivo. RTS inducible gene expression technology allows the precise timing and dose of the therapeutic protein to be controlled through the systemic administration of a highly specific, pharmacologically inert Activator Drug. The controlled expression of the gene of interest is activated by the RheoSwitch® receptor (a heterodimer of an engineered ecdysone receptor ligand binding domain fused to a GAL4 DNA binding domain (GAL4:EcR) and an RXR protein fused to a VP16 activation domain (VP16:RXR)) only in the presence of Activator Drug. In the present study, we have optimized rAAV-based vectors by using different promoters for the expression of RheoSwitch® receptor and by cloning the inducible transgene and the RheoSwitch® receptor-expressing cassettes in different orientations. We then used a highly active, modified CMV promoter for the expression of RheoSwitch® receptor and cloned the receptor cassette and inducible Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) or GFP cassette in a single rAAV. To evaluate the regulation of GLuc or GFP transgene expression, HEK293 and mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) were transduced with packaged virus. Addition of Activator Drug to transduced HEK293 and NSCs in culture induced transgene expression in a dose dependent manner. For in vivo evaluation, the packaged virus was injected into the quadriceps of mice and subsequently induced with Activator Drug. Both the inducible GLuc and GFP vectors demonstrated little or no basal activity and inducible expression. To reduce the size of the construct further, we tested a format in which a p53 activation domain was fused to the GAL4:EcR domain. This gene was cloned with an inducible secretable alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) in a single rAAV vector. Activator Drug-dependent induction and low basal activity were also observed for this format in vitro and in vivo. Regulatable rAAV vectors based on these designs are ideal for therapeutic gene delivery.
Entanglement Distillation Optimization Using Fuzzy Relations for Quantum State Tomography (2023)

Practical entanglement distillation is a critical component in quantum information theory. Entanglement distillation is often utilized for designing quantum computer networks and quantum repeaters. The practical entanglement distillation problem is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem. A fuzzy formulation is introduced to estimate the quantum state (density matrix) from pseudo-likelihood functions (i.e., quantum state tomography). A scale-independent relationship between fuzzy relations in terms of the pseudo-likelihood functions is obtained. The entanglement distillation optimization problem is solved using the combined coupled map lattice and dual annealing approach. Comparative analysis of the results is then conducted against a standard dual annealing algorithmic implementation.
Lack of evidence for involvement of TonEBP and hyperosmotic stimulus in induction of autophagy in the nucleus pulposus (2017)

Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells reside in a physiologically hyperosmotic environment within the intervertebral disc. TonEBP/NFAT5 is an osmo-sensitive transcription factor that controls expression of genes critical for cell survival under hyperosmotic conditions. A recent report on NP and studies of other cell types have shown that hyperosmolarity triggers autophagy. However, little is known whether such autophagy induction occurs through TonEBP. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of TonEBP in hyperosmolarity-dependent autophagy in NP. Loss-of-function studies showed that autophagy in NP cells was not TonEBP-dependent; hyperosmolarity did not upregulate autophagy as previously reported. NP tissue of haploinsufficient TonEBP mice showed normal pattern of LC3 staining. NP cells did not increase LC3-II or LC3-positive puncta under hyperosmotic conditions. Bafilomycin-A1 treatment and tandem mCherry-EGFP-LC3B reporter transfection demonstrated that the autophagic flux was unaffected by hyperosmolarity. Even under serum-free conditions, NP cells did not induce autophagy with increasing osmolarity. Hyperosmolarity did not change the phosphorylation of ULK1 by mTOR and AMPK. An ex vivo disc organ culture study supported that extracellular hyperosmolarity plays no role in promoting autophagy in the NP. We conclude that hyperosmolarity does not play a role in autophagy induction in NP cells.
Gamut Mapping for Pictorial Images (1999)

A psychophysical evaluation was performed to test the quality of several color gamut mapping algorithms. The task was to determine which mapping strategy produced the best matches to the original image. Observer preference was not considered. The algorithms consisted of both device dependent and image-dependent mappings. Three types of lightness scaling functions (linear compression, chroma weighted linear compression, and image dependent sigmoidal compression) and four types of chromatic mapping functions were tested (linear compression, knee-point compression, "sigmoidlike " compression, and clipping). The source and destination devices considered were a monitor and a plain-paper inkjet printer respectively. The results showed that, for all of the images tested, the algorithms that used image-dependent sigmoidal lightness remapping functions produced superior matches to those that utilized linear lightness scaling. In addition, the results support using chromatic compression functions that were closely related to chromatic clipping functions.
A Semi-Parametric Analysis of Technology, with an Application to U.S. Dairy Farms (2010)

This article proposes a semi-parametric stochastic frontier model (SPSF) in which components of the technology and of technical efficiency are represented using semi-parametric methods and estimated in a Bayesian framework. The approach is illustrated in an application to US farm data. The analysis shows important scale economies for small and medium herds and constant return to scale for larger herds. With the exception of labor, estimates of marginal products were close to the value expected under profit maximization. Finally, the results suggest important opportunities to increase productivity through reductions in technical inefficiencies.
Link services or link agents? (1998)

A general link service for the WWW has been used within an Electronic Libraries' project. Experience using it shows that as the links become increasingly interesting to the user, processing them becomes increasingly expensive. Eventually textual analysis, ontological services and remote database lookups conflict with the goal of prompt delivery of documents. This paper summarizes the history of the Link Service software behind the Open Journal project together with the kind of links that it has been used to produce. Building on this work it then discusses how the paradigm, architecture and user interface of the DLS have been newly modified both in response to user feedback and also to allow more linking facilities to be added to the WWW environment. We then introduce AgentDLS, an agent-style system that offers suggestions to help the user's browsing and information discovery activities.
Tracking Manoeuvring Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of tracking mobile nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Our approach is based on a tracking with range-only measurements scheme, intended for implementation in WSN. The developed tracking system is designed for continuous estimation of the target’s trajectory and two-axes velocity. A network of “anchor” wireless nodes is considered to be deployed at a specific region of interest. The anchor nodes collect data that correspond to the range between the anchors and the target. A multiple-modal Particle Filter (PF) algorithm is design to process the ranging observations and produce an estimation of the target’s kinematic variables in real-time. The reason for employing multiple models to represent the target’s motion pattern, stems from the need to effectively track manoeuvring targets. Manoeuvring targets require more complex modeling which adequately represents the sudden changes of the position and velocity vectors. Simulations are provided to assess the performance of the proposed framework, considering realworld conditions. The proposed multiple model approach is evaluated on manoeuvring targets with constant as well as variable turning rate. Finally, this investigation reveals that the system’s accuracy depends upon two important system parameters, the sampling period and the number of generated particles in the PF algorithm. The effect of these parameters is analyzed and amendments are proposed.
The Electron Temperature Gradient Instability in Presence of a Limiter with Tilted Plates (1994)

Abstract The analysis of the electron temperature gradient instability in the scrape‐off layer is generalized to the case of non‐orthogonal intersections of the magnetic field with the wall surface, a situation which is most typical for a tokamak with a limiter.
Development and Structural Evaluation of N‐Alkylated trans‐2‐Phenylcyclopropylamine‐Based LSD1 Inhibitors (2020)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 and regulates gene expression. Because it is implicated in the regulation of diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia, potent LSD1-specific inhibitors have been pursued. Trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA)-based inhibitors featuring substitutions on the amino group have emerged, with sub-micromolar affinities toward LSD1 and high selectivities over monoamine oxidases (MAOs). We synthesized two N-alkylated 2-PCPA-based LSD1 inhibitors, S2116 and S2157, based on the previously developed S2101. S2116 and S2157 exhibited enhanced potency for LSD1 by 2.0- to 2.6-fold, as compared with S2101. In addition, they exhibited improved selectivity over MAOs. Structural analyses of LSD1 co-crystallized with S2101, S2116, S2157, or another N-alkylated inhibitor (FCPA-MPE) confirmed that the N-substituents enhance the potency of a 2-PCPA-based inhibitor of LSD1, without constituting the adduct formed with FAD.
Crash Injury Risks for Obese Occupants Using a Matched-Pair Analysis (2008)

Obesity influences the risk of serious and fatal injury in motor vehicle crashes. The effect is greatest on obese female drivers and young drivers. Since some of the risk difference is related to lower seatbelt wearing rates, the comfort and use of seatbelt extenders should be examined to improve wearing rates. Also, crash testing with ballasted dummies to represent obese and morbidly obese occupants may lead to refined safety systems for this growing segment of the population.
Resource Sharing Optimization for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks (2011)

We consider Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks to improve local services. The system aims to optimize the throughput over the shared resources while fulfilling prioritized cellular service constraints. Optimum resource allocation and power control between the cellular and D2D connections that share the same resources are analyzed for different resource sharing modes. Optimality is discussed under practical constraints such as minimum and maximum spectral efficiency restrictions, and maximum transmit power or energy limitation. It is found that in most of the considered cases, optimum power control and resource allocation for the considered resource sharing modes can either be solved in closed form or searched from a finite set. The performance of the D2D underlay system is evaluated in both a single-cell scenario, and a Manhattan grid environment with multiple WINNER II A1 office buildings. The results show that by proper resource management, D2D communication can effectively improve the total throughput without generating harmful interference to cellular networks.
Changing Concepts of Aphasia (1961)

In the nineteenth century, the mosaic theory of cortical function led to assumptions of sensory, motor, and conduction aphasias, and other pure disorders (agraphia, alexia, anomia, acalculia, and various agnosias and apraxias) considered to result from discrete lesions of circumscribed areas of the brain. This doctrine scarcely survived World War I, but apparently imprinted itself on the infant science of psychology. With increasing attention to objective measurement of aphasia (1, 7), there has been growing recognition of the fallacy of attempts to isolate pure disorders, and concern with the general nature of aphasic deficit. Recent work (2, 3, 4) has explored both the general deficit and complicating conditions frequently present. In spite of findings reported over large series of patients, psychological and neurological textbooks solemnly repeat old classification fictions to new generations of students. On the other hand, when the writers recently reported observed regularities in aphasic language behavior and called attention to general dimensions of impairment (4, 5, 6), some readers inferred we considered all aphasic Ss alike, and advocated measuring only severity of language deficit! Neither a mosaic nor a unidimensional theory is adequate. Current thinking argues that a general reduction of language in all modalities is always present in aphasia. However, if visual processes are involved, patients have more difficulty reading and writing than equally aphasic patients without visual involvement. If motor or sensorimotor processes are involved, patients have more difficulty speaking. Paramount is the idea that perceprual and motor disturbances may accompany aphasia, but are not identical with it. In addition the evidence (4) is increasingly clear that observed patterns of impairment, including all these dimensions, have diagnostic, prognostic, and clinical significance.
Sélection génomique : quelles perspectives pour les filières avicoles ? (2013)

Genomic selection is based on an evaluation of the genetic values of the candidates for selection through a «molecular score» calculated from their genotypes for a great number of DNA markers. A first step consists in estimating the effects of the markers on a reference population that has been genotyped and phenotyped for the traits that need improving. The establishment of this table of genotypic values allows for the calculation of the genetic values of the candidates in the subsequent generations, for which genotyping might then prove sufficient. This strategy was implemented in dairy cattle in just a few years. The operators in charge of selection in the other animal production sectors have witnessed this change and hence legitimately regard this approach as useful input for them. The existence of a 600k SNP chip for the chicken now allows for the application of genomic selection in layers and broilers. Tools for high-throughput genotyping in other poultry species are being developed. There are three components of genetic progress that can be improved, regardless of the species. First, selection intensity can be increased for traits non-measurable in routine (product quality, feed efficiency, resistance to diseases). Then, the accuracy of genetic values can be improved, especially for males whenever traits are expressed by females only. Finally, the generation interval can be reduced through early evaluation of candidates (egg production). What is more, genomic evaluation provides, for the first time, the opportunity to select pure-bred individuals from the selection nucleus for their usefulness in crossbreeding and production. The implementation costs of genomic selection are quite high. This is due to the size of the reference population needed for accurate evaluation, the huge number of genotyping operations to be carried out on candidates and the great diversity of populations to be selected. However, use of large numbers of breeding animals in the poultry industry could help counterbalance these costs.
Detection of aberrant methylation in fecal DNA as a molecular screening tool for colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions (2007)

Methylation testing of fecal DNA using a panel of epigenetic markers may be a simple and promising non-invasive screening method for CRC and precancerous lesions.
Chronic wasting disease: a cervid prion infection looming to spillover (2021)

The spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) during the last six decades has resulted in cervid populations of North America where CWD has become enzootic. This insidious disease has also been reported in wild and captive cervids from other continents, threatening ecosystems, livestock and public health. These CWD "hot zones" are particularly complex given the interplay between cervid PRNP genetics, the infection biology, the strain diversity of infectious prions and the long-term environmental persistence of infectivity, which hinder eradication efforts. Here, we review different aspects of CWD including transmission mechanisms, pathogenesis, epidemiology and assessment of interspecies infection. Further understanding of these aspects could help identify "control points" that could help reduce exposure for humans and livestock and decrease CWD spread between cervids.
Spectra of Polycrystalline Phthalocyanines in the Visible Region (1968)

Transmission spectra of sublimed thin films of the α-crystalline forms of H2PC, CuPC, NiPC, CoPC, and ZnPC in the 0.5 to 0.9-μ region changed sharply as a result of α→β transformation induced by heat treatment above 300°C. The VOPC was unaffected. In the β-crystalline forms the absorption maxima (cm−1) were: H2PC 13 970, 15 500; CuPC 13 800, 15 540; NiPC 14 430, 15 900; CoPC 14 120, 15 730; and ZnPC 13 340, 15 430. The positions and contours of these bonds were to be expected on the basis of polarized single-crystal results reported by Lyons, Walsh, and White and Fielding and MacKay. Digital computer calculations of Davydov splittings for finite-sized “block”- and “bar”-shaped crystallites of CuPC based upon pairwise dipole–dipole interactions compared well with earlier results for the infinite sphere model in H2PC. Assignments for the four observed exciton components in β-H2PC must not only correctly predict the band positions and relative intensities, but should also be in accord with a red shift of each of the B2u and B3u vapor components. In the β crystal of the metal complex an intramolecular distortion or site symmetry should split the Eg molecular states. These in turn should also be red shifted and split by the crystal environment. The results, including studies of mixtures of several phthalocyanines in CuPC, are consistent with the interpretation.
Sequential Learning of Movement Prediction in Dynamic Environments using LSTM Autoencoder (2018)

Predicting movement of objects while the action of learning agent interacts with the dynamics of the scene still remains a key challenge in robotics. We propose a multi-layer Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) autoendocer network that predicts future frames for a robot navigating in a dynamic environment with moving obstacles. The autoencoder network is composed of a state and action conditioned decoder network that reconstructs the future frames of video, conditioned on the action taken by the agent. The input image frames are first transformed into low dimensional feature vectors with a pre-trained encoder network and then reconstructed with the LSTM autoencoder network to generate the future frames. A virtual environment, based on the OpenAi-Gym framework for robotics, is used to gather training data and test the proposed network. The initial experiments show promising results indicating that these predicted frames can be used by an appropriate reinforcement learning framework in future to navigate around dynamic obstacles.
Atomic emission spectrometry in liquid electrode plasma using an hourglass microchannel (2015)

Liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LEP-AES) is a new elemental analysis method that uses microplasma. LEP forms in a vapor bubble generated inside a narrow-center microchannel by using high-voltage DC pulse power.
CCDC 249514: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2005)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.