gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barium yttrium fluoride based upconversion nanoparticles as dual mode image contrast agents (2021)

Dual labeled contrast agents could provide better complementary information for bioimaging than available solely from a single modality. In this paper we investigate the suitability of Yb<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped BaYF<sub>5</sub> upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as both optical and X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) contrast agents. Stable, aqueous UCNP dispersions were synthesised using a hydrothermal method with the addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI). UCNPs were single crystal and had a truncated cuboidal and/or truncated octahedral morphology, with average particle size of 47 ±9 nm from transmission electron microscopy which was further used to characterize the structure and composition in detail. A zeta potential value of +51 mV was measured for the aqueous nanoparticle dispersions which is beneficial for cell permeability. The outer hydrated PEI layer is also advantageous for the attachment of proteins for targeted delivery in biological systems. The prepared UCNPs were proven to be non-toxic to endothelial cells up to a concentration of 3.5 mg/mL, when assessed using an MTT assay. The particles showed intense green upconversion photoluminescence when excited at a wavelength of 976 nm using a diode laser. Quantitative X-ray μCT contrast imaging confirmed the potential of these UCNPs as X-ray contrast agents and confirming their dual modality for bioimaging.
Test architecture design and optimization for three-dimensional SoCs (2009)

Core-based system-on-chips (SoCs) fabricated on three-dimensional (3D) technology are emerging for better integration capabilities. Effective test architecture design and optimization techniques are essential to minimize the manufacturing cost for such giga-scale integrated circuits. In this paper, we propose novel test solutions for 3D SoCs manufactured with die-to-wafer and die-to-die bonding techniques. Both testing time and routing cost associated with the test access mechanisms in 3D SoCs are considered in our simulated annealing-based technique. Experimental results on ITC'02 SoC benchmark circuits are compared to those obtained with two baseline solutions, which show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
High voltage Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ devices with Ga-profiling fabricated using co-evaporation (2002)

The influence of bandgap profiling of Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ absorbers for thin film solar cells has been investigated. Profiles have been obtained by depositing CuGaSe/sub 2/ back surface layers in the beginning of the Cu(ln,Ga)Se/sub 2/ growth process. Two different concentrations of Ga was used for the nongraded part of the Cu(ln,Ga)Se/sub 2/ film corresponding to Ga/(Ga+In) ratios of 0.2 and 0.5. The interdiffusion of Ga and In was studied and it was found that, although substantial interdiffusion occurred, a back surface layer with a high Ga content remained as analyzed with SIMS and XRD. The main influence on the solar cell parameters, by widening of the bandgap towards the back contact using this Ga-rich back surface layer, was found to be an enhancement of the efficiency by improved voltage.
Evaluation of Combination Therapy for Clostridium Difficile Infections at an Academic Hospital (2012)

Class of 2012 Abstract
Effect of Anatomy on Human Nasal Air Flow and Odorant Transport Patterns: Implications for Olfaction (2004)

Recent studies that have compared CT or MRI images of an individual's nasal anatomy and measures of their olfactory sensitivity have found a correlation between specific anatomical areas and performance on olfactory assessments. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, we have developed a method to quickly (<few days) convert nasal CT scans from an individual patient into an anatomically accurate 3-D numerical nasal model that can be used to predict airflow and odorant transport, which may ultimately determine olfactory sensitivity. The 3-D model can be also be rapidly modified to depict various anatomical deviations, such as polyps and their removal, that may alter nasal airflow and impair olfactory ability. To evaluate the degree to which variations in critical nasal areas such as the olfactory slit and nasal valve can alter airflow and odorant transport, inspiratory and expiratory airflow with odorants were simulated using numerical finite volume methods. Results suggest that anatomical changes in the olfactory region (upper meatus below the cribriform plate) and the nasal valve region will strongly affect airflow patterns and odorant transport through the olfactory region, with subsequent effects on olfactory function. The ability to model odorant transport through individualized models of the nasal passages holds promise for relating anatomical deviations to generalized or selective disturbances in olfactory perception and may provide important guidance for treatments for nasal-sinus disease, occupational rhinitis and surgical interventions that seek to optimize airflow and improve deficient olfactory function.
Availability of Inhaled Insulin Promotes Greater Perceived Acceptance of Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

Inhaled insulin (INH, Exubera) is under investigation for preprandial treatment of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1–3). This dry-powder insulin formulation is delivered by aerosol, permitting the noninvasive administration of rapid-acting insulin (4). Preliminary studies have shown that INH provides reproducible and effective control of glycemia (1,5–7). This randomized controlled trial examined the extent to which the availability of INH affects the perceived acceptability of insulin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes who failed to achieve target glycemia on current therapy.

Male or female participants ( n = 779) aged 35–80 years with at least 3 months duration of type 2 diabetes and a HbA1c >8%, despite current therapy, were recruited from seven countries. Permitted current therapy included dietary measures and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OADs). Patients receiving insulin injections, smokers, or those who had significant pulmonary diseases were excluded. All patients gave informed consent, and local research ethics review boards approved the study.

Participants were randomly assigned to receive either educational information about the potential risks and benefits of all currently licensed treatment options only (OADs and/or subcutaneous insulin, n = 388) or information about the potential risks and benefits of licensed treatments and INH ( n = 391). …
Correction to: NSABP FB-7: a phase II randomized neoadjuvant trial with paclitaxel + trastuzumab and/or neratinib followed by chemotherapy and postoperative trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer (2020)

After the publication of this work [1] the authors have reported that in Table 3 The letter "T" in columns 5 and 7 should not be there.
γ‐Aminoadamantanecarboxylic Acids Through Direct C—H Bond Amidations. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Salmonella typhimurium DT104 from livestock in Japan. (2000)

We examined the distribution of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) among Japanese livestock from 1973 to 1998. The 144 S. Typhimurium field isolates were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, kanamycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and norfloxacin. Thirty-six of 68 strains which exhibited resistance to five or more antimicrobials (ACSSuT+) were identified as DT104. Results of plasmid profiling showed that all DT104 strains retain a 90-kb virulence plasmid, while 20 of 36 strains possessed a few additional small plasmids ranging from 2 to 4 kb. These results showed that DT104 strains have existed in Japanese livestock since 1990, and that this phage type may be an important pathogen for cattle in Japan.
Supplementary Figures from A Five-MicroRNA Signature Predicts Survival and Disease Control of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Negative for HPV Infection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-20&lt;/p&gt;
Active Interferometry-Based Vector Network Analyzer Reference Impedance Renormalization (2020)

An active interferometry-based measurement configuration for the reference impedance renormalization of a vector network analyzer is presented. The method can be implemented using only a 2-source vector network analyzer, reducing the set-up complexity required. High-impedance surface mount resistors are used to demonstrate the impedance renormalization by minimizing their high reflection. In addition, the method is implemented using the network analyzer's software.
Room Temperature Deposited Enhancement Mode and Depletion Mode Indium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2008)

Enhancement mode and depletion mode indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated on glass substrates using rf magnetron sputtering deposition at room temperature. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiO2 or SiNx was used as the gate insulator. The enhancement mode TFTs showed excellent pitch-off and the threshold voltage was 0.75V. The drain current on-to-off ratio was &gt;106. The maximum field effect mobility in the channel was 308 cm2.V-1.s-1. The depletion mode TFTs had a threshold voltage of -2.5V. The drain current on-to-off ratio was &gt;105. The maximum field effect mobility in the channel was 14.5 cm2.V-1.s-1.
Improving nitrogen use efficiency in wheat by genome wide and candidate genes targeted association studies (2017)

Book of abstracts, ISBN: 978-3-900932-48-0 Abstract p. 73<br/>Book of abstracts, ISBN: 978-3-900932-48-0Abstract p. 73
Is the gamma risk of options insurable (2005)

In this article we analyze the risk associated with hedging written call options. We introduce a way to isolate the gamma risk from other risk types and present its loss distribution, which has heavy tails. Moving to an insurance point of view, we define a loss ratio that we find to be well behaved with a slightly negative correlation to traditional lines of insurance business, offering diversification opportunities. The tails of the loss distribution are shown to be much fatter than those of the underly-ing stock returns. We also show that badly estimated volatility, in the Black-Scholes model, leads to considerably biased values for the replicat-ing portfolio. Operational risk is defined as caused by imperfect delta hedging and is found to be limited in today’s markets where the autocor-relation of stock returns is small.
Foundations of SPARQL query optimization (2010)

We study fundamental aspects related to the efficient processing of the SPARQL query language for RDF, proposed by the W3C to encode machine-readable information in the Semantic Web. Our key contributions are (i) a complete complexity analysis for all operator fragments of the SPARQL query language, which -- as a central result -- shows that the SPARQL operator Optional alone is responsible for the PSpace-completeness of the evaluation problem, (ii) a study of equivalences over SPARQL algebra, including both rewriting rules like filter and projection pushing that are well-known from relational algebra optimization as well as SPARQL-specific rewriting schemes, and (iii) an approach to the semantic optimization of SPARQL queries, built on top of the classical chase algorithm. While studied in the context of a theoretically motivated set semantics, almost all results carry over to the official, bag-based semantics and therefore are of immediate practical relevance.
A millisecond micro-RNA separation technique by a hybrid structure of nanopillars and nanoslits (2017)

A millisecond micro-RNA separation of a mixture of total RNA and genomic DNA, extracted from cultured HeLa cells, was successfully achieved using a hybrid structure of nanopillars and nanoslits contained inside a microchannel. The nanopillars, 250-nm in diameter and 100-nm in height, were fabricated with a 750-nm space inside the nanoslits, which were 100-nm in height and 25-μm in width; the nanopillars were then applied as a new sieve matrix. This ultra-fast technique for the separation of miRNA can be an effective pretreatment for semiconductor nanopore DNA sequencing, which has an optimum reading speed of 1 base/ms to obtain effective signal-to-noise ratio and discriminate each base by ion or tunneling current during the passage of nucleic acids.
The chicken RH map: current state of progress and microchromosome mapping. (2007)

International audience
Preparation and Reaction Kinetics Studies of Na-based Mixed Metal Oxide for Transesterification (2009)

Homogeneous acid or base catalysts dissolve completely in the glycerol layer and partially in the fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) layer in the triglyceride transesterification process. Heterogeneous (solid) catalysts, on the other hand, can prevent catalyst contamination making product separation much easier. In the present work, the transesterification kinetics of soybean oil with heterogeneous catalysts that display significant Brönstead basicity and their corresponding fatty acid methyl ester yields are presented. It is observed that heterogeneous catalysts require much higher temperatures and pressures to achieve acceptable conversion levels compared to homogeneous catalysts. For some of the solid mixed metal oxide catalysts, a conversion level of 99% was observed. Reaction kinetics were determined for two different temperatures. These catalysts were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, acidity/ basicity, site strength, and surface area.
High-quality frame-synchronization for satellite video signal transmission (1995)

A high-quality frame-synchronizer for video signal switching and freezing is proposed. In order to realize high-quality frame-synchronization, a novel high-speed and high-definition 11 bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter which achieves the quite high unweighted S/N ratio performance of 63 dB is developed. It provides synchronized video signal switching by field freezing for high-quality video signal transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Economic Analysis of Agricultural Tractors in South Korea: Classified Based on Energy Efficiency Grades (2017)

Abstract . This study involved performing an economic analysis on agricultural tractors classified based on energy efficiency grades using the energy efficiency index. Specifically, 131 models of agricultural tractors commonly used between 2006 and 2010 in South Korea were classified into five categories. The relationship between energy efficiency and economic value was evaluated by a numerical method, and a method of predicting cost and fuel savings based on energy efficiency was developed. Grades of energy efficiency labeled from 1–5 were assumed in order to calculate annual fuel and cost savings. The results indicated that the use of the proposed method resulted in fuel and cost savings given an upgrade from the 5 th level of energy efficiency to the 1 st level and indicated subsequent improvements with each grade level. This method was applied to data from the year 2008, and total fuel and cost savings were obtained. This indicated that fuel and cost savings in an arbitrary year could be predicted using the proposed method and assuming data from an arbitrary year. Keywords: Agricultural tractors, Economic analysis, Energy efficiency classification grade, Energy efficiency index.
5-HT4Receptor-Mediated Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis in the Enteric Nervous System of Adult Mice (2009)

Although the mature enteric nervous system (ENS) has been shown to retain stem cells, enteric neurogenesis has not previously been demonstrated in adults. The relative number of enteric neurons in wild-type (WT) mice and those lacking 5-HT(4) receptors [knock-out (KO)] was found to be similar at birth; however, the abundance of ENS neurons increased during the first 4 months after birth in WT but not KO littermates. Enteric neurons subsequently decreased in both WT and KO but at 12 months were significantly more numerous in WT. We tested the hypothesis that stimulation of the 5-HT(4) receptor promotes enteric neuron survival and/or neurogenesis. In vitro, 5-HT(4) agonists increased enteric neuronal development/survival, decreased apoptosis, and activated CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). In vivo, in WT but not KO mice, 5-HT(4) agonists induced bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into cells that expressed markers of neurons (HuC/D, doublecortin), neural precursors (Sox10, nestin, Phox2b), or stem cells (Musashi-1). This is the first demonstration of adult enteric neurogenesis; our results suggest that 5-HT(4) receptors are required postnatally for ENS growth and maintenance.
Effects of host age on susceptibility to infection and immune gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) inoculated with Nosema ceranae (2013)

Nosema ceranae is a microsporidium parasite infecting honey bees worldwide. All colony members including workers, drones, and queens can become infected. In this study, we inoculated queens of age 1, 6, and 12 days post-adult emergence, with N. ceranae spores of different doses and allowed them to age an additional 12 days. The results indicated that younger queens were indeed more susceptible to N. ceranae inoculation than older queens. Moreover, this is the first report of the effects of N. ceranae inoculation on immune gene expression in queens of different ages. Our results demonstrated that the expression of genes related to the bee immunity apidaecin, eater, and vitellogenin in the gut and the remaining abdomen was different among queens of different ages when inoculated with N. ceranae. All three ages of queens inoculated by N. ceranae showed upregulation of apidaecin in gut tissue 6 days after inoculation, but only in queens aged 1 day post-emergence were the differences significant. However, transcript levels of eater were increased in all three ages of queens when sampled on day 12, and significant differences were obtained in queens inoculated at 6 and 12 days post-emergence. We clearly show that immune responses to N. ceranae changes as queen age and this knowledge may provide clues for understanding the ability of queens to resist infection by this gut parasite.
Transcriptional Enhancer Elements in the Mouse Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus (1983)

Two regions in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus were tested for their ability to enhance transcription of the SV40 early promoter. A portion of the intervening sequence between the heavy chain joining region (Jh) and the constant region of the mu chain (Cmu) can enhance transcription when it is cloned either 5' or 3' to the SV40 early promoter. The region between C alpha and the alpha switch site, which occurs 5' to the translocated c-myc oncogene in many murine plasmacytomas, does not show transcriptional enhancer activity in this assay.
Aged garlic extract, garlic powder extract, S-allylcysteine, diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide do not interfere with the antibiotic activity of gentamicin (2005)

It was shown that aged garlic extract (AGE), garlic powder and the following garlic-derived compounds: S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), ameliorate gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. However, it was not established if the above mentioned extracts and compounds of garlic could interfere with the antibiotic action of GM. To address this point, AGE, garlic powder extract (GPE), SAC, DAS and DADS were assessed for their ability to interfere with the in vitro antibiotic activity of GM in Escherichia coli cultures. It was found that the above mentioned extracts and compounds of garlic were unable to decrease the antibiotic capacity of GM and even SAC, DAS and DADS alone inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and enhanced the antibiotic effect of GM. Our data show that SAC, DAS and DADS are antibacterial compounds against E. coli and suggest that AGE, GPE, SAC, DAS and[sol ]or DADS may be administered along with GM-treatment to ameliorate GM-induced nephrotoxicity without interfering with its antibiotic activity.
Mark–Houwink equation and GPC calibration for linear short‐chain branched polyolefines, including polypropylene and ethylene–propylene copolymers (1984)

Abstract The reduction in molecular dimensions due to the presence of short side chains in otherwise linear polyolefins can very simply by calculated by assuming that the configuration of the main chain is not influenced by the side chains. This enables us to express the intrinsic viscosity–molar mass relationship as a function of the mass fraction of side chains ( S ): [η] = (1 − S ) α+1 K PE M ν α and, with use of the universal calibration principle, to convert the GPC calibration for purely linear polymers samples into the calibration for short‐chain branched polymers: M * = (1 − S ) M . Experimental data from literature on short‐chain branched poly‐ethylenes, and our own data on ethylene–propylene copolymers are used to verify the above assumption. It appears that the experimentally found relations between [η], M w and M * w ( GPC ) within the usual accuracy justify this approach.
Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of a Phenotypic Small Library against Protozoan Infections (2017)

Protozoan infections (Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp., and Trypanosoma spp.) remain one of the most pressing global health concerns, affecting billions of people and producing unsustainable economic burdens [1]. [...]
Carbenchemie: stereoreguläre Polymere aus Diazoverbindungen (2007)

Von Carbenen zu Polymeren: Die Synthese von stereoregulären Polymeren, die eine polare Gruppe (R) an jedem Kohlenstoffatom der Hauptkette tragen, gelang erst kürzlich durch die Rhodium(I)-katalysierte Polymerisation funktionalisierter Carbene, die aus Diazoverbindungen erhalten wurden (siehe Schema).
CoVaxxy: A Collection of English-Language Twitter Posts About COVID-19 Vaccines (2021)

With a substantial proportion of the population currently hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine, it is important that people have access to accurate information. However, there is a large amount of low-credibility information about vaccines spreading on social media. In this paper, we present the CoVaxxy dataset, a growing collection of English-language Twitter posts about COVID-19 vaccines. Using one week of data, we provide statistics regarding the numbers of tweets over time, the hashtags used, and the websites shared. We also illustrate how these data might be utilized by performing an analysis of the prevalence over time of high- and low-credibility sources, topic groups of hashtags, and geographical distributions. Additionally, we develop and present the CoVaxxy dashboard, allowing people to visualize the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine adoption and U.S. geo-located posts in our dataset. This dataset can be used to study the impact of online information on COVID-19 health outcomes (e.g., vaccine uptake) and our dashboard can help with exploration of the data.