gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically Tunable Reflection Color of Chiral Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals (2021)

Abstract The recently discovered ferroelectric nematic ( N F ) liquid crystals (LCs) with over 0.04 C m −2 ferroelectric polarization and 10 4 relative dielectric constants, coupled with sub‐millisecond switching, offer potential applications in high‐power super capacitors and low voltage driven fast electro‐optical devices. This paper presents electrical, optical, and electro‐optical studies of a ferroelectric nematic LC material doped with commercially available chiral dopants. While the N F phase of the undoped LC is only monotropic, the chiral N F phase is enantiotropic, indicating a chirality induced stabilization of the polar nematic order. Compared to undoped N F material, a remarkable improvement of the electro‐optical switching time is demonstrated in the chiral doped materials. The color of the chiral mixtures that exhibit a selective reflection of visible light in the chiral N F phase, can be reversibly tuned by 0.02–0.1 V µm −1 in‐plane electric fields, which are much smaller than typically required in full‐color cholesteric LC displays and do not require complicated driving scheme. The fast switchable reflection color at low fields has potential applications for LC displays without backlight, smart windows, shutters, and e‐papers.
A perceptually balanced loss function for short-time spectral amplitude estimation (2004)

We present a novel approach to audio signal enhancement based on psychoacoustic principles. Specifically, we describe a short-time spectral amplitude estimator whose form comprises a weighted sum of the minimum mean-square error solution and the observed spectral value, where the weighting factor is given by the ratio of the masked threshold and this observed value. We then explore the connection between our approach and the idea of so-called balanced loss functions in statistics, showing the former to be an instance of the latter with a very special choice of weighting factor. Lastly, we present results indicating the relative merits of our approach in both objective and subjective terms, as compared to standard minimum mean-square error estimation under the assumed model.
Association of the prolonged use of anti‐glaucoma medications with the surgical failure of ab interno microhook trabeculotomy (2022)

The prolonged use of multiple glaucoma drugs adversely affected the outcome of μTLO at least at 1 year postoperatively.
The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Sensitizes Melanoma Cells toward Adoptive CTL Attack (2010)

Adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) results in target cell lysis by activating the intrinsic apoptotic cell death program. Not surprisingly, deregulation of the apoptotic machinery is one of the central mechanisms by which tumor cells escape immune destruction despite specific CTL recognition. Here we show that treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib sensitizes previously resistant tumor cells for cytolytic T-cell attack. Human T cells were redirected toward melanoma cells by engineered expression of an immunoreceptor with binding specificity for high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen. Established melanoma cell lines as well as primary melanoma cells from tumor biopsies, which are notoriously resistant toward T-cell lysis, became sensitive upon bortezomib treatment. Detailed analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that bortezomib treatment induced mitochondrial accumulation of NOXA, which potentiated the release of mitochondrial second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) in response to CTL effector functions, including caspase-8 and granzyme B. Our data indicate that proteasome inhibition increases the sensitivity of tumor cells toward cytolytic T-cell attack by NOXA-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial SMAC release.
Therapeutic effects of anti-CEA (CEACAM5) and anti-NCA90 (CEACAM6) antibody monovalent fragments in vitro and in vivo (2004)

2555 Background: CEA and NCA-90 are overexpressed in many cancers. We have evaluated the effect of several antibody fragments (Fabs) on in vitro tumor cell growth and in vivo survival and chemosensitivity. Methods: HT-29, LS174T, Moser (human colonic tumor lines), MCA38 and MCA38cea (murine colonic tumor lines), BT-20 (human breast tumor line) were grown in culture. MN-14 and MN-6 anti-CEA Fabs and MN-3 and MN-15 Fabs that crossreact with NCA-90 were evaluated. In vitro growth inhibition was determined with the MTT assay; in vivo therapy was done with the GW-39 human colonic intrapulmonary micrometastatic model. In one study, cells were pre-incubated with Ab Fab prior to implantation and then mice were dosed once at 24h post implantation with the Fab. In the second study, mice were treated after cell inoculation with Ab Fab alone (10 μg x 5d), CPT-11 (Camptosar) alone (160 μg x 5d) or both Ab Fab and drug. Results: None of the Fabs had a significant effect on growth of the parental MCA38 cell line, which is CEA- and NCA-90-negative. In contrast, growth of MCA38cea cells (CEA+/NCA-90-) was inhibited by 33.3% and 16.8% by MN-3 and MN-15 Fab, respectively. MN-6 and MN-14 anti-CEA Fabs caused an 8.0% and 14.0% growth inhibition (GI), respectively. MN-3 Fab was also the most effective agent tested against LS174T, Moser, and BT-20 cells, resulting in 18.2%, 26.0% and 15.0% GI, respectively. In the HT-29 line, GI was greatest for MN-6>MN-3=MN-15>MN-14 Fabs, with no effect by an irrelevant Fab. In vivo studies showed that pretreatment of GW-39 cells with MN-3 or MN-15 Fab increased survival (P<0.025 and P<0.01, respectively), while MN-14 and MN-6 did not. If cells were not pretreated with Fab, but instead were dosed after cell implantation with either 10 or 100 μg/d of the Fab, no survival advantage was observed. However, dosing with either MN-15 Fab or MN-3 Fab increased the efficacy of CPT-11 therapy in vivo (P<0.001 and P<0.05 vs. CPT-11 alone, respectively). Conclusions: Antibody Fabs targeting both CEA and NCA-90 are more effective in vitro at inducing growth inhibition and more effective in vivo at increasing the sensitivity of cells to the cytotoxic effects of CPT-11. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Evaluations of Diagnostic Marine Boundary-Layer Models Applied to Hurricanes (1980)

Four diagnostic marine boundary-layer models are evaluated for applicability to the hurricane regime. The goat was to develop an operational method of estimating surface variables with research aircraft flight-level (500 m) data. Evaluation consisted of comparing the four models plus two estimation methods with “ground truth” buoy and ship wind speed data from Hurricanes Eloise and Anita and vertically stacked several-level aircraft data in Eloise and Caroline. Three of the boundary-layer models are capable of estimating wind speed to 10% accuracy. Model results also include 10 m level neutral drag coefficients, which were compared with previous studies.
Susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis to Six Antibiotics Determined by Standardized Antimicrobial Disc Susceptibility Testing (1973)

The susceptibility of 100 or more strains of Bacteroides fragilis to six antibiotics was determined by standardized agar dilution and disc diffusion tests. Good correlation of results of the two methods was obtained with chloramphenicol, clindamycin, lincomycin, penicillin, and vancomycin. Correlation of results with erythromycin was not as good. A great deal of overlapping of zone diameters among strains classed as susceptible, intermediate, and resistant occurred with both erythromycin and lincomycin, making interpretation of disc diffusion tests difficult. All strains tested were susceptible to chloramphenicol; 94% were susceptible to clindamycin at concentrations readily achieved with ordinary dosage, and all strains were inhibited by 6.2 mug/ml, a level which is achieved with somewhat more intensive therapy. Only 7% were shown to be susceptible to erythromycin and 13% to lincomycin under the conditions of our testing procedure. Only a small percentage of the strains were susceptible to penicillin, and none was susceptible to vancomycin.
Faradaic and Non-Faradaic Contributions to the Power and Energy Characteristics of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide for Electrochemical Capacitors (2016)

Step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS) has been applied to a range of different electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) samples to examine the changes in the charge storage mechanism as a function of the scan rate. The SPECS method allowed the charge storage contributions due to double layer and pseudo-capacitance to be decoupled. The charge storage mechanism has been shown to transition from predominantly pseudo-capacitive behavior to predominantly double layer behavior as the scan rate is increased. The relative contributions from each of these processes to the overall specific energy and power of each EMD samples has been analyzed and related to the properties of each material.
Stability of an Extemporaneously Compounded Baclofen Oral Liquid (1993)

The stability of baclofen in an extemporaneously compounded oral liquid formulation for 35 days was studied. A suspension was prepared by grinding commercially available 20-mg baclofen tablets and adding Glycerin, USP, to form a paste. Simple Syrup, NF, was added as necessary to make a final volume of 60 mL. A control solution was prepared from analytical-grade baclofen powder in Simple Syrup, NF. The final concentration of baclofen in both formulations was 5 mg/mL. Three samples of each preparation were stored in 2-oz, amber glass prescription bottles in the dark under refrigeration at 4 degrees C. Immediately after preparation and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, samples were visually inspected, tested for pH, and assayed in duplicate by high-performance liquid chromatography. On day 35, the mean percentages of the initial baclofen concentrations remaining were 95.9% in the suspension and 95.6% in the solution. The color, odor, and pH of the samples did not change appreciably over the study period. In an extemporaneously compounded oral liquid preparation in Simple Syrup, NF, stored in the dark under refrigeration, baclofen was stable for at least 35 days.
Dinoflagellate diversity among nudibranchs and sponges from French Polynesia: Insights into associations and transfer (2015)

Symbioses with the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium are widespread among marine invertebrates and protists, especially in nutritionally demanding habitats, such as tropical coral reefs, where they play a major role in ecosystem survival. Moreover, apart from corals and sea anemones, many of the Symbiodinium species and clades involved in these partnerships remain to be characterized. This study provides new insights into nudibranch and sponge associations with Symbiodinium by sequencing regions of the Symbiodinium 28S rDNA and the host mitochondrial COI oxidase. Specimens were sampled between 2011 and 2013 from locations around the islands of Moorea and Tahiti, French Polynesia. Our results revealed that some of the sponges and nudibranchs harbored typical Symbiodinium from clade B or C while others harbored new, undescribed Symbiodinium-like dinoflagellates. A detailed analysis of the different life stages of the nudibranch Phestilla lugubris and of its specific coral prey, Porites rus, suggests a prey-predator horizontal transfer of the symbiont and its vertical inheritance from the parent to the eggs.
Replacement estrogens and risk of gynecologic cancers and breast cancer (1987)

The two cancers specific to women for which substantial research on their relationship to exogenous estrogens has been reported are endometrial cancer and breast cancer. With the former, the link to estrogen use is well established. The estrogen use patterns associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer are characteristic of a promotional agent. The example serves as a prototype model for the study of an adverse health effect subsequent to a prescribed medication. However, modification in estrogen prescribing patterns have lowered significantly the endometrial cancer risk for patients. A relationship between estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer is difficult to assess. Despite biologic plausibility, large epidemiologic studies have shown no association between estrogen use and breast cancer occurrence. Those studies suggesting a relationship find it concentrated in the high dose estrogen products and possibly among women who have had a prior bilateral oophorectomy. A convincing resolution to the current uncertainty is likely to require new approaches in laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic research. Larger studies investigating more refined hypotheses within the same conceptual confines are unlikely to be productive.
Communication performance simulation for object access of BACnet Web Service building facility monitoring systems (2008)

This paper proposes a network traffic simulation model for BACnet Web service (BACnet/WS) object access of building facility monitoring systems to evaluate the communication performance. The simulation model was verified by experiments using a network traffic emulator. In our simulation study, access times of BACnet/WS for 1000 objects are approximately 5 to 20 times longer than those of BACnet/IP. In addition, the study indicates that there exists an optimum number of objects, i.e. the length of each BACnet/WS message in the cases of heavy background traffic.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE METABOLITES AND THEIR RELATED COMPOUNDS. VII. SYNTHESIS OF 4‐HYDROPEROXY‐1,3,2‐DIAZAPHOSPHORINANE 2‐OXIDES RELATED TO THE ACTIVATED CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (1978)

Abstract Aus den Phosphorochloridaten (I) werden durch aufeinanderfolgende Umsetzung mit 3‐Butenylaminen (II) und Chlorethylaminhydrochlorid (III) die Triamidate (IV) hergestellt und durch ozonolytische Cyclisierung und Behandlung mit Wasserstoffperoxid in Hydroperoxy‐diazaphosphorinanoxide (V) umgewandelt.
Photocatalytic Ethanol Oxidative Dehydrogenation over Pt/TiO2: Effect of the Addition of Blue Phosphors (2011)

Ethanol oxidative dehydrogenation over Pt/TiO 2 photocatalyst, in the presence and absence of blue phosphors, was performed. The catalyst was prepared by photodeposition of Pt on sulphated TiO 2 . This material was tested in a gas-solid photocatalytic fluidized bed reactor at high illumination efficiency. The effect of the addition of blue phosphors into the fluidized bed has been evaluated. The synthesized catalysts were extensively characterized by different techniques. Pt/TiO 2 with a loading of 0.5 wt% of Pt appeared to be an active photocatalyst in the selective partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde improving its activity and selectivity compared to pure TiO 2 . In the same way, a notable enhancement of ethanol conversion in the presence of the blue phosphors has been obtained. The blue phosphors produced an increase in the level of ethanol conversion over the Pt/TiO 2 catalyst, keeping at the same time the high selectivity to acetaldehyde.
Nonadiabatic theory of strong-field atomic effects under elliptical polarization (2012)

Elliptically polarized laser fields provide a new channel for access to strong-field processes that are either suppressed or not present under linear polarization. Quantum theory is mostly unavailable for their analysis, and we report here results of a systematic study based on a classical ensemble theory with solution of the relevant ab inito time-dependent Newton equations for selected model atoms. The study's approach is necessarily nonadiabatic, as it follows individual electron trajectories leading to single, double, and triple ionizations. Of particular interest are new results bearing on open questions concerning experimental reports of unexplained species dependences as well as double-electron release times that are badly matched by a conventional adiabatic quantum tunneling theory. We also report the first analysis of electron trajectories for sequential and non-sequential triple ionization.
Speeding up the Byzantine fault diagnosis using symbolic simulation (2003)

Fault diagnosis is to predict the potential fault sites in a logic IC. In this paper, we particularly address the problem of diagnosing faults that exhibit the so-called Byzantine General's phenomenon, in which a fault manifests itself as a non-logical voltage level at the fault site. Previously, explicit enumeration was suggested to deal with such a problem. However, it is often too time-consuming because the CPU time is exponentially proportional to fanout degree of the circuit under diagnosis. To speed up this process, we present an implicit enumeration technique using symbolic simulation. Experimental results show that the CPU time can be improved by several orders of magnitude for ISCAS85 benchmark circuits.
Hypoxia and oxidative stress in breast cancer Hypoxia signalling pathways (2001)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF), which is centrally involved in physiological oxygen homeostasis, is also activated in the majority of tumours. Activation of HIF can occur through genetic mechanisms or as a result of hypoxia within the tumour microenvironment. In some cases HIF activation appears to be intimately linked to the proliferative stimulus itself. HIF affects patterns of gene expression and tumour growth, although precise effects vary between tumour types. Modulation of HIF activity, if correctly applied, may be therapeutically beneficial in tumour therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Relevant to Biosynthetic Research on Vitamin B12. Part 10. Construction of the East and West Building Blocks for Synthesis of Isobacteriochlorins. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Technology and market study on continuous casting rolls (2006)

This Master’s Thesis consists of two separate and independent studies: One metallurgical study and one industrial buying behaviour study. Both studies concern continuous casting rolls. Metallurgical Study: The first objective of this study was to investigate two continuous casting rolls, consisting of different steel tubes with different martensitic stainless steel weld overlays. The second objective was to evaluate the methods employed in the study. The weld overlaps are clearly the weakest points of the weld overlay. They are sensitive to corrosion attacks, mainly due to sensitisation. The delta ferrite present in the welded overlay of both rolls is a preferential site for the corrosion attacks and the delta ferrite content depends primarily on the chemical composition of the weld overlay. The welding temperature may also have some influence on the delta ferrite content, but this has not been observed in this study. Both rolls have similar surface hardness. Roll no. 2 has more generalized corrosion attacks than roll no. 1. This is due to a higher delta ferrite content in roll no. 2 than in roll no. 1. The methods employed during the study proved to be adequate. In any future study, on condition that the visual inspection, diameter measurements, ultrasonic testing and surface hardness measurements show that all positions on the roll are similar, it will be sufficient to cut a bead and overlap sample from only one position. The rolls were investigated using macro etching, optical microscopy, Vickers hardness testing, ultrasonic testing ICP-OES analysis of nickel and chromium content and carbon content analysis by wet chemical method. Delta ferrite content was also calculated theoretically using a Schaeffler – DeLong diagram and a semi-empirical model. Industrial Buying Behaviour Study: The aim of this study is to investigate the industrial buying behaviour in slab casting steelworks in Western Europe when buying roll-lines. Case studies have been conducted at four steelworks belonging to different companies. Data was collected through personal interviews with people from production, maintenance and purchasing department and intermediate level management. A test consisting of a smaller amount of rolls is always performed before buying any larger quantities of rolls. Even though the test order has relatively low economic value, compared to a full-scale order, it is during this process that the relationships are established between the buying and the selling company. Findings show that the industrial buying behaviour of steelworks in Western Europe agrees well with the theory in this field. The buying process follows the steps in the buygrid model with only a few exceptions. The decision-making power lays in the intermediate level management, even though approval is required from upper level management. The most important factors affecting the buying behaviour are the relationship between the buyer and the seller, service-life and life cycle cost of the roll-line.
Optimization of a Fractional PID Controller and Prefilter in Motion Control: MIMO Systems (2018)

The contribution in this work deals with non integer (or fractional) order controller and prefilter parameters regulation. A multiobjective optimization of fractional order controller is treated to solve the problem of multivariable systems in path tracking design. After the controller tuning a fractional prefilter of type FBLFD is designed in order to put the closed loop system into a desired bounds. These two developed fractional order controller and prefilter presented its robustness and flexibility compared to previous developed methodologies. To validate and demonstrate the efficacy of proposed approach, a robot model is considered.
Relationships among injury, fibrosis, and time in human kidney transplants (2016)

Canada Foundation for Innovation and Genome Canada.
Thermodynamics of fractional-order nonlocal continua and its application to the thermoelastic response of beams (2020)

This study presents a comprehensive framework for constitutive modeling of a frame-invariant fractional-order approach to nonlocal thermoelasticity in solids. For this purpose, thermodynamic and mechanical balance laws are derived for nonlocal solids modeled using the fractional-order continuum theory. This includes revisiting the Cauchy's hypothesis for surface traction vector in order to account for long-range interactions across the domain of nonlocal solid. Remarkably, it is shown that the fractional-order model allows the rigorous localized application of thermodynamic balance principles unlike existing integral approaches to nonlocal elasticity. Further, the mechanical governing equations of motion for the fractional-order solids obtained here are consistent with existing results from variational principles. These fractional-order governing equations involve self-adjoint operators and admit unique solutions, in contrast to analogous studies following the local Cauchy's hypothesis. To illustrate the efficacy of this framework, case-studies for the linear and the geometrically nonlinear responses of nonlocal beams subject to combined thermomechanical loads are considered here. Comparisons with existing integer-order integral nonlocal approaches highlight a consistent softening response of nonlocal structures predicted by the fractional-order framework, irrespective of the boundary and thermomechanical loading conditions. This latter aspect addresses an important incongruence often observed in strain-based integral approaches to nonlocal elasticity.