gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome—Hypermobile type (2017)

Autonomic dysfunction contributes to health-related impairment of quality of life in the hypermobile type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS). Typical signs and symptoms include tachycardia, hypotension, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and disturbed bladder function and sweating regulation. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction may present as Orthostatic Intolerance, Orthostatic Hypotension, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, or Neurally Mediated Hypotension. The incidence, prevalence, and natural history of these conditions remain unquantified, but observations from specialist clinics suggest they are frequently seen in hEDS. There is growing understanding of how hEDS-related physical and physiological pathology contributes to the development of these conditions. Evaluation of cardiovascular symptoms in hEDS should include a careful history and clinical examination. Tests of cardiovascular function range from clinic room observation to tilt-table assessment to other laboratory investigations such as supine and standing catecholamine levels. Non-pharmacologic treatments include education, managing the environment to reduce exposure to triggers, improving cardiovascular fitness, and maintaining hydration. Although there are limited clinical trials, the response to drug treatments in hEDS is supported by evidence from case and cohort observational data, and short-term physiological studies. Pharmacologic therapy is indicated for patients with moderate-severe impairment of daily function and who have inadequate response or tolerance to conservative treatment. Treatment in hEDS often requires a focus on functional maintenance. Also, the negative impact of cardiovascular symptoms on physical and psycho-social well-being may generate a need for a more general evaluation and on-going management and support. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differentiation in cultured limbal epithelium as defined by keratin expression. (1991)

The authors investigated differentiation of cultured corneal and limbal epithelial cells by immunochemically evaluating the changes in the profiles of keratins recognized by two monoclonal antibodies: AE5, which recognizes K3, and AE1, which recognizes a group of acidic keratins including K16, which is present in the hyperproliferative cells. After 1 and 2 weeks in culture, the human epithelial cells did not react with AE5 but did react strongly with AE1. At 3 weeks, only suprabasal cells exhibited a moderate reactivity with AE5, whereas AE1 binding was seen in all of the cells. After 5 to 6 weeks in culture, all of the cells reacted moderately with AE5 and AE1. Treatment of 2-week-old limbally derived cultures with mitomycin C (mitosis inhibitor) did not inhibit subsequent K3 expression. Thus, K3 expression was associated with maturation or a later stage of differentiation that did not require an additional cell division. Unlike human epithelial cells, rabbit suprabasal epithelial cells expressed K3 (reactivity to AE5) after only ten days in culture. The epithelium derived from central human cornea lost K3 by 1 week in tissue culture but expressed keratin(s) recognized by AE1. Even after 4-6 weeks, cells derived from the central cornea did not become confluent and did not react with AE5. Thus, limbally derived human and rabbit epithelial cells undergo chronological changes in K3 expression similar to that seen in rabbit epithelial cells derived from central cornea. However, cultured human limbal epithelial cells take a significantly longer time to express K3 (a phenotypic characteristic of differentiated corneal epithelium) than do rabbit epithelial cells.
Estimating the power to detect a change caused by a vaccine from time series data (2020)

When evaluating the effects of vaccination programs, it is common to estimate changes in rates of disease before and after vaccine introduction. There are a number of related approaches that attempt to adjust for trends unrelated to the vaccine and to detect changes that coincide with introduction. However, characteristics of the data can influence the ability to estimate such a change. These include, but are not limited to, the number of years of available data prior to vaccine introduction, the expected strength of the effect of the intervention, the strength of underlying secular trends, and the amount of unexplained variability in the data. Sources of unexplained variability include model misspecification, epidemics due to unidentified pathogens, and changes in ascertainment or coding practice among others. In this study, we present a simple simulation framework for estimating the power to detect a decline and the precision of these estimates. We use real-world data from a pre-vaccine period to generate simulated time series where the vaccine effect is specified <i>a priori</i>. We present an interactive web-based tool to implement this approach. We also demonstrate the use of this approach using observed data on pneumonia hospitalization from the states in Brazil from a period prior to introduction of pneumococcal vaccines to generate the simulated time series. We relate the power of the hypothesis tests to the number of cases per year and the amount of unexplained variability in the data and demonstrate how fewer years of data influence the results.
The Road Since Structure: Philosophical Essays, 1970–1993, with an Autobiographical Interview (2001)

Thomas Kuhn will undoubtedly be remembered primarily for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, a book that introduced one of the most influential conceptions of scientific progress to emerge during the twentieth century. The Road since Structure, assembled with Kuhn's input before his death in 1996, follows the development of his thought through the later years of his life: collected here are several essays extending and rethinking the perspectives of Structure as well as an extensive and remarkable autobiographical interview in which Kuhn discusses the course of his life and philosophy.
Improving Escalation of Care (2015)

A validated tool to assess information transfer for deteriorating surgical patients was developed and tested using simulation and real-time clinical scenarios. It may improve the quality and safety of patient care on the surgical ward.
Robust Hazmat Network Design Problems Considering Risk Uncertainty (2015)

We study robust network design problems for hazardous materials transportation considering risk uncertainty. Risk uncertainty is considered in two ways: (1) uncertainty on each link for each shipment, and (2) uncertainty on each link across all shipments. We extend an existing heuristic framework to solve these two robust network design problems and propose a Lagrangian relaxation heuristic to solve subproblems within the framework. We present our computational experiences and illustrate general insights based on real networks.
Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Enhanced Amorphous Ferric Silicate/Reduced Graphene Oxide for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage (2022)

Abstract Ferric silicate (FS) has been explored as a potential lithium ion batteries candidate for its environment benign, low cost, rich reserves, and high capacity. Despite these advantages, poor electronic conductivity and large volume variation obstruct its practical utilization. To improve its electrochemical performance, a unique hybrid structure with Fe 3 O 4 @ferric silicate nanosheets anchored on the reduced graphene oxide (FO@FS/RGO) is fabricated. The disordered amorphous nanosheet structure of FS not only shortens the transferred length for lithium ions but also facilities the Li + diffusion and can effectively keep the structure integrity. RGO substrate ameliorates the electronic conductivity and slackens the strain upon cycling. Fe 3 O 4 (FO) nanoparticles embedded in FS further boost the electronic conductivity and the lithium storage capability. The synergistic effects bestow the composite superior electrochemical properties. FO@FS/RGO shows high reversible capacity of 1113 mA h g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 , an excellent rate performance of 681 mA h g −1 at 2 A g −1 , and a splendid cycling stability with a capacity of 859 mA h g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 800 cycles.
Data from Deletion of Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 1 Activates Type I Interferon Genes and Downregulates Tissue Factor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;GST omega 1 (GSTO1) is an atypical GST isoform that is overexpressed in several cancers and has been implicated in drug resistance. Currently, no small-molecule drug targeting GSTO1 is under clinical development. Here we have validated GSTO1 as an impactful target in oncology. Transcriptional profiling coupled with proteomics uncovered novel pharmacodynamic markers and cellular pathways regulated by GSTO1. CRISPR/Cas9 GSTO1 knockout (KO) cell lines failed to form tumors or displayed growth delay &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;; they also formed smaller 3D spheroids &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Multiomics analysis in GSTO1 KO cells found a strong positive correlation with cell adhesion molecules and IFN response pathways and a strong negative correlation with Myc transcriptional signature. In addition, several clinically used drugs showed significant synthetic lethality with loss or inhibition of GSTO1. Transcription and protein expression of tissue factor (gene name, &lt;i&gt;F3&lt;/i&gt;) were downregulated in response to GSTO1 KO. F3 is associated with poor patient survival and promotion of tumor progression in multiple cancers and is a known risk factor for metastasis. Transcription of F3 was regulated by IL1β, whose secretion decreased upon inhibition of GSTO1, suggesting that IL1β links GSTO1 expression and F3 transcription. In summary, our results implicate GSTO1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer and offer new mechanistic insights into its significant role in cancer progression.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings validate GSTO1 as a therapeutic target in cancer and implicate GSTO1 in the modulation of tumor growth, immune responses, and expression of F3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dynamic Bayesian Combination of Multiple Imperfect Classifiers (2012)

Classifier combination methods need to make best use of the outputs of multiple, imperfect classifiers to enable higher accuracy classifications. In many situations, such as when human decisions need to be combined, the base decisions can vary enormously in reliability. A Bayesian approach to such uncertain combination allows us to infer the differences in performance between individuals and to incorporate any available prior knowledge about their abilities when training data is sparse. In this paper we explore Bayesian classifier combination, using the computationally efficient framework of variational Bayesian inference. We apply the approach to real data from a large citizen science project, Galaxy Zoo Supernovae, and show that our method far outperforms other established approaches to imperfect decision combination. We go on to analyse the putative community structure of the decision makers, based on their inferred decision making strategies, and show that natural groupings are formed. Finally we present a dynamic Bayesian classifier combination approach and investigate the changes in base classifier performance over time.
Material Characterization and the Formation of Nanoporous PMSSQ Low-K Dielectrics (2003)

A novel metrology strategy has been developed and applied to characterize the complex chemical transformations which are required to form spin‐cast nanoporous low‐K materials. Surface analysis based on Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) has been applied in static and dynamic modes, and coupled with X‐ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS), to observe the compositional and chemical bonding changes of the surface and the underlying thin film. Results show the cross‐linking of the low‐K matrix as a function of thermal processing, along with details of the evolution of porogen species that provide the template for forming nanovoids in the fully‐processed material. This approach is promising more generally for characterizing materials transformations, particularly those involving polymeric systems where ToF‐SIMS analysis of large molecular fragments represents a highly specific analytical tool.
Mechanism of self-assembly in the synthesis of silica mesoporous materials: in situ studies by X-ray and neutron scattering (2012)

In this review, recent progress in the understanding of the formation of various silica mesoporous materials is reported. Owing to time-resolved experiments using Small Angle X-ray or Neutron Scattering (SAXS or SANS), it is possible to follow in situ the formation of a material during its synthesis via the Cooperative Templating Mechanism (CTM). Such experiments directly provide unique information about the structural properties of the material inside the synthesis solution. One of the main findings is that phase transformations often occur in the material prior to the stabilisation of its final structure. Moreover, during the very early stages of the synthesis, it is also possible to detect the first hybrid silica–surfactant micellar aggregates, prior to the precipitation of the material, as reported in the case of the SBA-15 materials. All these experiments allow a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and of the influence of the many synthesis parameters. These results open the way to a better prediction and control of the structure of mesoporous materials.
Crowdsourcing Disease Prognosis (2014)

Opening clinical trial data to crowdsourcing improves prognosis in ALS.
A tool for extracting XML association rules (2003)

The recent success of XML as a standard to represent semi-structured data, and the increasing amount of available XML data pose new challenges to the data mining community. In this paper we present the XMINE operator, a tool developed to extract XML association rules for XML documents. The operator, based on XPath and inspired by the syntax of XQuery, allows us to express complex mining tasks, compactly and intuitively. XMINE can be used to specify indifferently (and simultaneously) mining tasks both on the content and on the structure of the data, since the distinction in XML is slight.
Frictional and Mechanical Properties of Fe5Si3-Particle-Dispersed Si3N4 Fabricated by Solution-Infiltration Method. (2003)

Silicon nitride calcined body with open pores was infiltrated with an iron-alcoxide solution, and sintered in nitrogen gas at high temperature to obtain a dense silicon nitride based material. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that comparatively roundish Fe5Si3 particles with less than 2μm in size formed within the silicon nitride matrix. Under boundary and mixed lubricating conditions, the frictional coefficient of the obtained material was remarkably lower than that of normal silicon nitride, and equivalent to silicon nitride with dispersed Fe5Si3 particles fabricated by a conventional process. Moreover, the obtained ceramics showed a high flexure strength of 1187 MPa due to the very small size of the Fe5Si3 particles despite the existence of Fe-Si compounds in the surface layer.
A Machine learning-based approach to determining stress in rails (2022)

Recent advancements in both software and hardware have sparked the use of machine learning (ML) in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. This paper delves into the use of ML to determine axial stress in continuous welded rails (CWR). The overall proposed SHM strategy consists of monitoring the vibration of CWR and associating their modal characteristics to the rail longitudinal stress using a ML algorithm trained with data generated with a finite element model. In the present study, the feasibility of the proposed strategy was tested on a simple rail segment subjected to mechanical compression. Two algorithms were developed using hyperparameter search optimization techniques to infer the stress from the frequencies of vibration of a few modes of the rail. The training data were generated with a finite element model of a rail segment under varying axial stresses, rail lengths, and boundary conditions at the two ends of the segment. The algorithms were then tested with a second set of data generated numerically and the results of an experiment in which a 2.4-m-long rail was subjected to compressive load and excited with an instrumented hammer. Both tests demonstrated that ML is a viable tool to estimate axial stress in the rail segment provided a sufficient number of modes of vibrations are presented to the learning algorithm. For the future, more experiments are warranted to test the ML against data from real CWR.
Robust H_∞ Control of Stochastic Hyperbolic Tangent Model (2008)

Studies the problems of robust stabilization/H∞ control of a stochastic hyperbolic tangent model newly developed with time-varying delay.Based on linear matrix inequality(LMI) and Lyapunov-Krasovskii approaches,a delay-dependent stabilization criterion and robust nonlinear state feedback control law are given.And the controller thus designed is guaranteed asymptotically stable in terms of mean square for closed-loop systems.For the robust H∞ control problem,a design method of the robust H∞ controller is proposed to keep a closed-loop system asymptotically stable in terms of mean square with a pre-defined H∞ disturbance attenuation coefficient γ.An illustrative example and simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the approaches proposed.
Time domain modeling in the thickness mode of a piezoelectric transducer and its electrical circuit including time-varying components (2002)

Existing models for piezoelectric transducers are generally frequency domain-based. A limitation of these models is that they do not consider the fact that some components of the exciting or receiving electrical circuit can be time-dependent. This can happen when transducers are excited by capacitance discharge via a switch or when the circuit integrates active components such that diodes. In particular, in the case of capacitance discharge excitation, it is well known that the switch output impedance varies according to time. Indeed, its value is high when the switch is off and low when the switch is on. A temporal-based method is presented for the analysis of piezoelectric transducers in the thickness mode and their excitation circuit. A backing material and a matching layer are also considered. This model takes into account time-varying components by means of a step-by-step calculation process. The method has been successfully tested by comparison with measurements of transducer responses using an electrical circuit based on capacitance discharge via a transistor switch.
Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake by Ethnicity, Income, and Education Level in the United States: NHANES 2003–2014 (2020)

Although there are many recognized health benefits for the consumption of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), intake in the United States remains below recommended amounts. This analysis was designed to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 LCPUFA intake (eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States adult population, based on education, income, and race/ethnicity, using data from the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (<i>n</i> = 44,585). Over this survey period, participants with less education and lower income had significantly lower n-3 LCPUFA intakes and fish intakes (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all between group comparisons). N-3 LCPUFA intake differed significantly according to ethnicity (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the highest intake of n-3 LCPUFA and fish in individuals in the "Other" category (including Asian Americans). Supplement use increased EPA + DHA intake, but only 7.4% of individuals consistently took supplements. Overall, n-3 LCPUFA intake in this study population was low, but our findings indicate that individuals with lower educational attainment and income are at even higher risk of lower n-3 LCPUFA and fish intake.
Responsiveness to HY Antigen Ir Gene Complementation and Target Cell Specificity (1977)

The H-2 restricted nature of the cytotoxic T cell responses to the HY antigen in mice has been reviewed, together with mapping data for the H-2 K and/or D association of responses to male cells of the following haplotypes: H-2b, H-2d, H-2k, H-2s. Ir gene complementation is implicated in the HY response of a number of F1 mice derived from non-responder parental haplotypes, and in one recombinant strain. Thus, at least two and possibly more Ir genes are involved in the anti-HY response, in addition to the K and/or D gene products with which HY is obligatorily associated, certainly at the target cell level.
Collecting Geospatial Data with Local Differential Privacy for Personalized Services (2021)

Geospatial data provides a lot of benefits for personalized services. However, since the geospatial data contains sensitive information about personal activities, collecting the raw data has a potential risk of leaking private information from the collectors. Recently, local differential privacy (LDP), which protects the privacy of users without trusting the collector, has been adopted to preserve privacy in many real applications. However, most of existing LDP algorithms focus on obtaining aggregated values such as mean and histogram from the collected data. In this paper, we investigate the problem of collecting the locations of individual users under LDP, and propose a perturbation mechanism designed carefully to reduce the error of each perturbed location according to the privacy budget and the domain size. In addition, we show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through experiments on various real datasets.
INJECTION MOULDING OF MICROFEATURED PARTS (2008)

Abstract – The injection molding of a microfeatured component, a diffractive optical element, was studied. The component has a surface grating with amplitude 0.5 micrometers and wavelength 3 micrometer. This grating is successfully replicated using four different polymers; one polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), one ethylene-norbornene copolymer (cyclic olefin copolymer, COC) and two polycarbonates (PC). The replication quality is determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and white light interferometry (WLI). For all four polymers it is possible to achieve almost perfect replication at optimal settings. The replication quality is observed to increase with increasing injection velocity and mould temperature for all polymers. Increasing the holding pressure also has a positive effect on replication, and the planarity of the produced plastic parts is observed to improve with increasing holding pressure.
Pulmonary tissue volume in isolated perfused dog lungs (1980)

Lung tissue volume (Vt) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) were measured with an acetylene rebreathing technique in intact and isolated perfused dog lungs. Qc (1.73 +/- 0.17 l/min) was consistently greater than pump flow (0.87 +/- 0.10 l/min) in isolated perfused lungs because acetylene disappearance from the lung was increased by diffusion across the pleura into the room. In spite of the increased acetylene loss, Vt can be measured in isolated lungs with reproducibility similar to that in intact animals (Vt intact = 207 +/- 63 ml, Vt isolated perfused = 208 +/- 61 ml).
Tissue‐Specific Variability in Human Epicardial Impedance (2010)

Human epicardial fat has higher tissue impedance than normal muscle. Using epicardial impedance and voltage mapping in conjunction may improve differentiation of arrhythmia substrate from epicardial fat and improve the efficacy of epicardial ablation.