gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor from human placenta conditioned medium (1980)

Conditioned medium prepared from human placenta tissue stimulates in vitro colony formation by mouse and human marrow cells. At least two types of colony-stimulating activities are found and can be separated by isoelectrofocusing. The first type of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) shows heterogeneity on isoelectrofocusing with pI in the range of 3.6-4.7. It has been purified 10(5)-fold by hydroxylapatite chromatography, preparative isoelectrofocusing, gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing, and electrophoresis to a specific activity of 7.5 X 10(7) units/mg. The purified CSF shows a single band on microgel electrophoresis and stimulates mostly mouse macrophage colony formation. It has a molecular weight of 41 000 as determined by gel filtration and is sensitive to proteolytic enzyme digestion and periodate oxidation. Treatment with neuraminidase is without effect on activity. It is stable at pH 5-10 and 60 degrees C for 30 min. The second type of CSF appears as a single activity peak on isoelectrofocusing with a pI of 5.7. The molecular weight is calculated to be 27 000 from gel filtration. It is very sensitive to trypsin and periodate but inert to neuraminidase or mercaptoethanol treatment. It is stable at neutral pH but labile at 60 degrees C for 30 min. The purified CSF stimulates predominantly granulocytic colony formation from human marrow cells.
Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood (2017)

In vivo, endothelial cells are crucial for the natural anticoagulation of circulating blood. Consequently, endothelial cell activation leads to blood coagulation. This phenomenon is observed in many clinical situations, like organ transplantation in the presence of pre-formed anti-donor antibodies, including xenotransplantation, as well as in ischemia/reperfusion injury. In order to reduce animal experimentation according to the 3R standards (reduction, replacement and refinement), in vitro models to study the effect of endothelial cell activation on blood coagulation would be highly desirable. However, common flatbed systems of endothelial cell culture provide a surface-to-volume ratio of 1 - 5 cm<sup>2</sup> of endothelium per mL of blood, which is not sufficient for natural, endothelial-mediated anticoagulation. Culturing endothelial cells on microcarrier beads may increase the surface-to-volume ratio to 40 - 160 cm<sup>2</sup>/mL. This increased ratio is sufficient to ensure the "natural" anticoagulation of whole blood, so that the use of anticoagulants can be avoided. Here an in vitro microcarrier-based system is described to study the effects of genetic modification of porcine endothelial cells on coagulation of whole, non-anticoagulated human blood. In the described assay, primary porcine aortic endothelial cells, either wild type (WT) or transgenic for human CD46 and thrombomodulin, were grown on microcarrier beads and then exposed to freshly drawn non-anticoagulated human blood. This model allows for the measurement and quantification of cytokine release as well as activation markers of complement and coagulation in the blood plasma. In addition, imaging of activated endothelial cell and deposition of immunoglobulins, complement- and coagulation proteins on the endothelialized beads were performed by confocal microscopy. This assay can also be used to test drugs which are supposed to prevent endothelial cell activation and, thus, coagulation. On top of its potential to reduce the number of animals used for such investigations, the described assay is easy to perform and consistently reproducible.
Allopurinol Gel Mitigates Radiation-induced Mucositis and Dermatitis (2008)

It has not been verified whether allopurinol application is beneficial in decreasing the severity of radiation-induced oral mucositis and dermatitis. Rats were divided into 4 groups and received 15 Gy irradiation on the left whisker pad. Group 1 received only irradiation. Group 2 was maintained by applying allopurinol/carrageenan-mixed gel (allopurinol gel) continuously from 2 days before to 20 days after irradiation. Group 3 had allopurinol gel applied for 20 days after radiation. Group 4 was maintained by applying carrageenan gel continuously from 2 days before to 20 days after irradiation. The intra oral mucosal and acute skin reactions were assessed daily using mucositis and skin score systems. The escape thresholds for mechanical stimulation to the left whisker pad were measured daily. In addition, the irradiated tissues at the endpoint of this study were compared with naïve tissue. Escape threshold in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1, and mucositis and skin scores were much improved compared with those of group 1. Concerning escape threshold, mucositis and skin scores in group 3 began to improve 10 days after irradiation. Group 4 showed severe symptoms of mucositis and dermatitis to the same extent as that observed in group 1. In the histophathological study, the tissues of group 1 showed severe inflammatory reactions, compared with those of group 2. These results suggest that allopurinol gel application can mitigate inflammation reactions associated with radiation-induced oral mucositis and dermatitis.
Coinfection withPseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusin cystic fibrosis (2020)

A complex bi-directional relationship exists between <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>A. fumigatus</i>, exhibiting both mutually antagonistic and cooperative facets. Cross-sectional data indicate a worsened disease state in coinfected patients; however, robust longitudinal studies are required to derive causality and to determine whether interspecies interaction contributes to disease progression.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER MIKROBIELLEN AROMATISIERUNG VON 19‐NOR‐STEROIDEN (1972)

Abstract Die epimeren 19‐Norsteroide (I) und (II) werden tritiiert und unter dem Ein= fluß des Bacillus spaericus (ATCC 7055) durch 1,2‐Dehydrierung zu Östronen aromatisiert.
Exploring Independent Gates in FinFET-Based Transistor Network Generation (2014)

This paper shows that double gate devices, like independent-gate (IG) FinFETs, have introduced new challenges in the transistor network generation step during the logic synthesis. The main point is that reducing the number of literals in a given Boolean expression is not enough to guarantee a minimum IG FinFET network implementation. This way, traditional factorization methods or graph-based optimizations may not be useful to generate networks for double gate devices. In this sense, this paper presents a graph-based method able to find promising arrangements to explore the separated gates of each IG FinFET. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the number of IG FinFETs compared to the traditional methods of transistor network generation.
Many Neuronal and Behavioral Impairments in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease Are Independent of Caspase Cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (2010)

Previous studies suggested that cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at aspartate residue 664 by caspases may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mutation of this site (D664A) prevents caspase cleavage and the generation of the C-terminal APP fragments C31 and Jcasp, which have been proposed to mediate amyloid-beta (Abeta) neurotoxicity. Here we compared human APP transgenic mice with (B254) and without (J20) the D664A mutation in a battery of tests. Before Abeta deposition, hAPP-B254 and hAPP-J20 mice had comparable hippocampal levels of Abeta(1-42). At 2-3 or 5-7 months of age, hAPP-B254 and hAPP-J20 mice had similar abnormalities relative to nontransgenic mice in spatial and nonspatial learning and memory, elevated plus maze performance, electrophysiological measures of synaptic transmission and plasticity, and levels of synaptic activity-related proteins. Thus, caspase cleavage of APP at position D664 and generation of C31 do not play a critical role in the development of these abnormalities.
4E10-Resistant HIV-1 Isolated from Four Subjects with Rare Membrane-Proximal External Region Polymorphisms (2010)

Human antibody 4E10 targets the highly conserved membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein, gp41, and has extraordinarily broad neutralizing activity. It is considered by many to be a prototype for vaccine development. In this study, we describe four subjects infected with viruses carrying rare MPER polymorphisms associated with resistance to 4E10 neutralization. In one case resistant virus carrying a W680G substitution was transmitted from mother to infant. We used site-directed mutagenesis to demonstrate that the W680G substitution is necessary for conferring the 4E10-resistant phenotype, but that it is not sufficient to transfer the phenotype to a 4E10-sensitive Env. Our third subject carried Envs with a W680R substitution causing variable resistance to 4E10, indicating that residues outside the MPER are required to confer the phenotype. A fourth subject possessed a F673L substitution previously associated with 4E10 resistance. For all three subjects with W680 polymorphisms, we observed additional residues in the MPER that co-varied with position 680 and preserved charged distributions across this region. Our data provide important caveats for vaccine development targeting the MPER. Naturally occurring Env variants described in our study also represent unique tools for probing the structure-function of HIV-1 envelope.
Buttressing of the Staple Line in Gastrointestinal Anastomoses: Overview of New Technology Designed to Reduce Perioperative Complications (2006)

Application of staple line reinforcement material seems a promising technique in preventing leakage and bleeding at the stapled suture line, thus potentially reducing complications of gastrointestinal surgery. More studies are needed to investigate the exact properties, behavior and effects of the staple line reinforcement material.
Analysis of the Performance and Emissions of Different Bus Technologies on the City of San Francisco Routes (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents model-based predictions of the performance of diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hybrid buses on bus routes in the City of San Francisco. The bus route details were obtained by recording time-series measurements of speed and grade during actual runs of buses on the city streets under different traffic conditions. The transit buses' physical and mechanical characteristics were obtained from manufacturers' data and chassis dynamometer testing of the buses on different city cycles. Both the bus routes and the bus performance characteristics were put into the simulation package ADVISOR from the National Renewal Energy Laboratory (NREL).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The most extreme results were for the San Francisco routes that have high grades. The high grades cause performance and emissions problems for both the diesel and CNG buses relative to the hybrid bus. A large portion of the performance and emissions problems can be directly related to the hydraulic torque converter that is currently used on most diesel and CNG city buses. At conditions that are typical of high grades, the hydraulic torque converters have quite poor efficiencies. Since the hybrid bus has a direct electric drive system, it does not suffer the efficiency problems to the same degree as the diesel and CNG buses.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper also illustrates that bus performance modeling has reached a stage where it can help city bus systems evaluate bus performance before the buses are put into service. For example, it is expected that global positioning systems (GPS) will provide detailed time, speed, location, and grade information for all the bus routes in typical cities during different times of the day with different traffic conditions. This information can then be used with both old and new specifications for bus technologies to predict performance on the actual routes for which they could be used. In this way, a bus transit system could optimize bus routing assignments to minimize cost and emissions on a wide variety of routes.&lt;/div&gt;
Silver nanoparticle antibacterial efficacy and resistance development in key bacterial species (2018)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used for their antibacterial properties due to the expected benefit of long-term antibacterial efficacy and low potential for bacterial resistance. This study examined the potential for three bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, to develop resistance to AgNPs in comparison to ciprofloxacin, benzalkonium chloride, and silver nitrate. Antibacterial efficacy was measured by determining the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations using a broth microtiter method, and resistance development was tested using stepwise increasing concentrations of antibacterial agents. Only P. aeruginosa was able to develop resistance to AgNPs while all three organisms developed resistance to ciprofloxacin, and none of them developed resistance to silver nitrate or benzalkonium chloride. The resistance was stable and appeared to derive from multiple mechanisms since one AgNP-resistant variant was cross-resistant to silver nitrate, but the other variant was not. The precise mechanisms of AgNP resistance are yet to be elucidated, but they might involve the ability of phenazine pigments produced by P. aeruginosa to limit the bacterium's exposure to silver. In order to reduce the possibility of bacteria developing resistance, AgNPs or their carrier medium should be engineered to ensure that an inhibitory concentration of silver is consistently maintained.
The Mismatch Between Life Insurance Holdings and Financial Vulnerabilities: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2002)

Using the 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances and an elaborate lifecycle model, we quantify the potential financial impact of each individual's death on his or her survivors, and we measure the degree to which life insurance moderates these consequences. Life insurance is essentially uncorrelated with financial vulnerability at every stage of the life cycle. As a result, the impact of insurance among at-risk households is modest, and substantial uninsured vulnerabilities are widespread, particularly among younger couples. Roughly two-thirds of poverty among surviving women and more than one-third of poverty among surviving men results from a failure to insure survivors against a diminished living standard. We also identify a systematic gender bias: for any given level of financial vulnerability, couples provide significantly more protection for wives than for husbands.
Monamidocin, a Novel Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonist. II. Biological Activity and Structure-activity Relationships. (1995)

Monamidocin, a fibrinogen receptor binding inhibitor produced by Streptomyces sp. NR 0637, inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to its receptor with an IC50 of 0.21 microM. It also inhibits ADP-collagen- and thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelet with IC50S of 46, 30, and 77 microM, respectively. To obtain more potent inhibitors, twenty analogs have been synthesized, among which N-[(R)-5-guanidino-2-hydroxypentanoyl]-L-tyrosine is the most potent. It inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to its receptors with an IC50 of 0.022 microM and is about ten times more potent than monamidocin.
On Finding Similar Items in a Stream of Transactions (2010)

While there has been a lot of work on finding frequent itemsets in transaction data streams, none of these solve the problem of finding similar pairs according to standard similarity measures. This paper is a first attempt at dealing with this, arguably more important, problem. We start out with a negative result that also explains the lack of theoretical upper bounds on the space usage of data mining algorithms for finding frequent itemsets: Any algorithm that (even only approximately and with a chance of error) finds the most frequent k-itemset must use space Omega(min{mb,n^k,(mb/phi)^k}) bits, where mb is the number of items in the stream so far, n is the number of distinct items and phi is a support threshold. To achieve any non-trivial space upper bound we must thus abandon a worst-case assumption on the data stream. We work under the model that the transactions come in random order, and show that surprisingly, not only is small-space similarity mining possible for the most common similarity measures, but the mining accuracy improves with the length of the stream for any fixed support threshold.
Effect of Data Reduction on Sequence-to-sequence Neural TTS (2019)

Recent speech synthesis systems based on sampling from autoregressive neural network models can generate speech almost indistinguishable from human recordings. However, these models require large amounts of data. This paper shows that the lack of data from one speaker can be compensated with data from other speakers. The naturalness of Tacotron2-like models trained on a blend of 5k utterances from 7 speakers is better than or equivalent to that of speaker dependent models trained on 15k utterances. Additionally, in terms of stability multi-speaker models are always more stable. We also demonstrate that models mixing only 1250 utterances from a target speaker with 5k utterances from another 6 speakers can produce significantly better quality than state-of-the-art DNN-guided unit selection systems trained on more than 10 times the data from the target speaker.
Provider versus Tenant Pricing Games for Hybrid Object Stores in the Cloud (2016)

Cloud object stores are versatile storage services that support a wide range of use cases. They simplify the management of large blocks of data at scale and are becoming the de facto storage choice for Big Data analytics platforms. To build these services cost-effectively, cloud vendors use hard disk drives (HDDs) in their object store deployments. However, the lower performance of HDDs affect tenants who have strict performance requirements for their Big Data applications. The use of faster storage devices such as solid state drives (SSDs) is thus desirable by the tenants, but incurs significant maintenance costs to the provider. The tiered object store detailed here is designed for the cloud, taking into account both fast and slow storage devices. The resulting hybrid store exposes the tiering to tenants with a dynamic pricing model based on the tenants' usage and the provider's desire to maximize profits. The tenants leverage knowledge of their workloads and current pricing information to select a data placement strategy that would meet the application requirements at the lowest cost. This approach allows both a service provider and its tenants to engage in a pricing game, which yields a win-win situation.
Induction of human hsp60 expression in monocytic cell lines (1992)

Both bacterial and mammalian heat shock proteins (HSP) are recognized by some T cells, and hsp60 recognition has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. We have developed a model to study the induction of hsp60 in human monocytic cell lines. An anti-mycobacterial hsp65 mAb (ML30), cross-reacting with human hsp60 was used to screen 21 human tumor cell lines in Western blot analysis. All T cell and B cell lymphomas constitutively expressed hsp60 protein at moderate to high levels, while little or no hsp60 protein was detected in two monocytic leukemia lines. Moderate to high levels of hsp60 mRNA and protein could be induced in the THP-I monocytic leukemia cell line by heat shock, retinoic acid, interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment, the highest levels obtained with a combination of IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha. This was also seen using two rabbit anti-hsp60 antisera directed against the N-terminal or C-terminal part of the human hsp60 protein. The determinants detected by the ML30 mAb or the two rabbit anti-hsp60 antisera were not cell surface expressed, as measured with immunofluorescence (FACS) analysis on control cultured or cytokine treated cell lines. This could be a useful model for studies related to the induction of hsp60 in human cells.
4‐Aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octanone Derivatives with Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A molecular map of lymph node blood vascular endothelium at single cell resolution (2020)

Abstract Blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) control the immune response by regulating immune cell recruitment, metabolite exchange and blood flow in lymphoid tissues. However, the diversity of BEC and their origins during immune angiogenesis remain poorly understood. Here we profile transcriptomes of BEC from mouse peripheral lymph nodes and map key phenotypes to the vasculature. Our analysis identifies multiple novel subsets including a venous population whose gene signature predicts an unexpectedly selective role in myeloid cell (vs lymphocyte) recruitment to the medulla, confirmed by 2 photon videomicroscopy. We define five phenotypes of capillary lining BEC including a capillary resident regenerative population (CRP) that displays stem cell and migratory gene signatures and contributes to homeostatic BEC turnover and to vascular neogenesis after immunization. Trajectory analyses reveal retention of developmental programs along a progression of cellular phenotypes from CRP to mature venous and arterial BEC subsets. Overall, our single cell atlas provides a molecular blueprint of the lymph node blood vasculature and defines subset specialization for immune cell recruitment and vascular homeostasis.
Nanoparticle-free tissue-mimicking phantoms with intrinsic scattering (2016)

We present an alternative to the conventional approach, phantoms without scattering nanoparticles, where scattering is achieved by the material itself: spherical cavities trapped in a silicone matrix. We describe the properties and fabrication of novel optical phantoms based on a silicone elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glycerol mixture. Optical properties (absorption coefficient µa , reduced scattering coefficient µs' , and anisotropy factor g) of the fabricated phantoms were retrieved from spectrophotometric measurements (in the 400-1100 nm wavelength range) using the inverse adding-doubling method. The internal structure of the phantoms was studied under a scanning electron microscope, and the chemical composition was assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Composition of the phantom material is reported along with the full characterization of the produced phantoms and ways to control their parameters.
Synergistic effect of citric acid and Pediocin K1, a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus sp. K1, on inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes (2001)

Pediocin K1, a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus sp. Kl isolated from Korean traditional fermented flatfish, inhibited certain strains of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Pediocin Kl was found to be stable at 90C for 30 min. Among the organisms tested, Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive to pediocin K1 and was completely killed when the initial inoculum size of L. monocytogenes cells was equal to or less than 10 3 CFU/ml. The degree of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by pediocin K1 increased 10-fold on the addition of citric acid (0.2%) to the medium, thereby showing the synergistic effect of citric acid. Listeria monocytogenes cells resistant to pediocin K 1 appeared at a frequency of about 10 -4 /cells. Once developed after exposure to pediocin Kl, the resistant phenotype still persisted in the absence of pediocin K1 in successive cultures. This infers that resistance may be attributable to genetic change(s) in the resistant cells.