gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror (2000)

Summary form only given. With the rapid development of wavelength-division-multiplexed systems in optical communication, multiwavelength laser sources have attracted considerable interest. Several types of multiwavelength rare-earth-doped fiber lasers have been demonstrated, which differ in the wavelength-selection methods used. The wavelength selective elements that have been used in these lasers include a Fabry-Perot etalon, fiber Bragg gratings, a wavelength-division multiplexer, a multimode fiber placed in a single-mode fiber ring cavity, a high birefringence (HiBi) fiber standing cavity, and a HiBi fiber ring cavity. We present a novel multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser, in which wavelength selection is achieved with a HiBi fiber loop mirror.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods for the Investigation of a Nosocomial Legionella pneumophila Outbreak and Efficacy of Control Measures (1992)

To determine the source of a nosocomial outbreak of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection and the efficacy of control measures, clinical and environmental isolates were characterized by molecular subtyping and disease surveillance was conducted. The outbreak involved 32 cases (relative risk, 4.0; P less than .001 vs. previous period). Water colonization with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and patients' exposure to faucet use incriminated the water system as the environmental source. Monoclonal antibody typing showed that patient isolates belonged mainly to type Pontiac and water isolates mainly to type Bellingham (P less than .001). By four genotypic techniques, outbreak-related isolates from patients and the water system were found to be clonally related and distinct from control strains (P less than .001). Heat and UV light treatment of the water system showed a protective efficacy of 88% (95% confidence interval, 75%-94%). These findings indicate that phenotypic variation may interfere with monoclonal antibody typing of legionellae and that waterborne legionellosis can be controlled by physical disinfection.
MBR technology for textile wastewater treatment: First experience in Bangladesh (2014)

For the first time in Bangladesh, a bench scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) unit was tested in treating a textile wastewater in the industry premises of EOS Textile Mills LTD, Dhaka for three months. The performance of the unit was compared with that of the conventional activated sludge treatment plant, which is in operation in the same premises. The COD and BOD removal efficiency of the MBR unit reached to around 90% and 80% respectively in 20 days whereas the removal efficiency of the conventional treatment plant was as low as 40-50% and 38-40% respectively. The outlet COD and the BOD level for the MBR unit remained stable in spite of the fluctuation in the feed value, while the conventional effluent treatment plant (ETP) failed to keep any stabilized level. The performance of the MBR unit was much superior to that of the functional ETP and the water treated by the MBR system can meet disposal standard.
Recycles of Food Industry's Wastes by Using Enzymes from Bacteria (1994)

[in Japanese]
Laser-Assisted Fibrinogen Bonding of Umbilical Vein Grafts (1993)

Despite success with autologous tissue welding, laser welding of synthetic vascular prostheses has not been possible. The graft material appears inert and fails to allow the collagen breakdown and electrostatic bonding that results in tissue welding. To develop a laser welding system for graft material, we repaired glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical cord vein graft incisions using laser-assisted fibrinogen bonding (LAFB) technology. Modified umbilical vein graft was incised transversely (1.2 cm). Incisions were repaired using sutures, laser energy alone, or LAFB. For LAFB, indocyanine green dye was mixed with human fibrinogen and the compound applied with forceps onto the weld site prior to exposure to 808 nm diode laser energy (power density 4.8 W/cm 2). Bursting pressures for sutured repairs (126.6 +/- 23.4 mm Hg) were similar to LAFB anastomoses (111.6 +/- 55.0 mm Hg). No evidence of collateral thermal injury to the graft material was noted. In vivo evaluation of umbilical graft bonding with canine arteries demonstrates that LAFB can reliably reinforce sutured anastomoses. The described system for bonding graft material with laser exposed fibrinogen may allow creation or reinforcement of vascular anastomoses in procedures where use of autologous tissue is not feasible.
Effect of Propranolol on Myocardial-Infarct Size in a Randomized Blinded Multicenter Trial (1984)

A multicenter randomized single-blind study was performed to evaluate the effects of propranolol administered during the evolution of myocardial infarction. Five centers enrolled a total of 269 patients, with 134 receiving propranolol and 135 placebo. Propranolol or placebo was given intravenously upon randomization (0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight) and then orally for nine days to keep the heart rate between 45 and 60 beats per minute. Less than 2 per cent of patients were treated within 4 hours after the onset of symptoms, but 50 per cent received therapy within 8 hours of onset of chest pain, and the remainder between 8 and 18 hours. The heart rates in the propranolol-treated group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P less than 0.001). Base-line characteristics, including the mean heart rate (79.6 vs. 81.3) and the left ventricular ejection fraction (49.0 vs. 49.5), were similar in the two groups. The primary end point evaluated--infarct size as estimated from plasma MB creatine kinase activity--was virtually identical in the two groups, averaging 13.3 and 13.6 gram-equivalents of MB creatine kinase per square meter of body-surface area. Peak plasma levels of the enzyme were also similar in the two groups. No significant difference was observed between the propranolol and placebo groups in the change in left ventricular ejection fraction, extent of area involved in pyrophosphate uptake, R-wave loss on electrocardiograms, or mortality (after three years). These results do not support the use of propranolol administered four or more hours after the onset of symptoms to limit infarct size.
Biofunctionalisation of Gallium Arsenide with Neutravidin (2021)

We report a study presenting a physicochemical surface characterisation of the GaAs surface along the functionalisation with a high-affinity bioconjugation pair widely explored in the lifesciences: biotin and neutravidin. Combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), wettability measurements and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used for a reliable characterisation of the surface functionalisation process. The results suggest that a film with a thickness lower than 10nm was formed, with a neutravidin to biotin ratio of 1:25 on the GaAs surface. Reduction of non-specific binding of the protein to the surface was achieved by optimising the protein buffer and rinsing steps. This study shows the feasibility of using GaAs as a platform for specific biomolecular recognition, paving the way to a new generation of optoelectronic biosensors.
Tolerability and Safety of Two New Preservative-free Tear Film Substitutes (2002)

The biophysical properties of the amphipathic lipids comprising the two preservative-free tear film substitutes were studied in monolayer experiments. They form reversibly compressible and expandable monomolecular films at the air-water interface, a prerequisite for the mimicry of the tear film produced normally by meibomian glands. The efficacy and safety of both medications will be investigated in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and dry eye syndrome in future experiments.
Combining document representations for known-item search (2003)

This paper investigates the pre-conditions for successful combination of document representations formed from structural markup for the task of known-item search. As this task is very similar to work in meta-search and data fusion, we adapt several hypotheses from those research areas and investigate them in this context. To investigate these hypotheses, we present a mixture-based language model and also examine many of the current meta-search algorithms. We find that compatible output from systems is important for successful combination of document representations. We also demonstrate that combining low performing document representations can improve performance, but not consistently. We find that the techniques best suited for this task are robust to the inclusion of poorly performing document representations. We also explore the role of variance of results across systems and its impact on the performance of fusion, with the surprising result that the correct documents have higher variance across document representations than highly ranking incorrect documents.
Multi-scale Spectrum Sensing in Small-Cell mm-Wave Cognitive Wireless Networks (2017)

In this paper, a multi-scale approach to spectrum sensing in cognitive cellular networks is proposed. In order to overcome the huge cost incurred in the acquisition of full network state information, a hierarchical scheme is proposed, based on which local state estimates are aggregated up the hierarchy to obtain aggregate state information at multiple scales, which are then sent back to each cell for local decision making. Thus, each cell obtains fine-grained estimates of the channel occupancies of nearby cells, but coarse-grained estimates of those of distant cells. The performance of the aggregation scheme is studied in terms of the trade-off between the throughput achievable by secondary users and the interference generated by the activity of these secondary users to primary users. In order to account for the irregular structure of interference patterns arising from path loss, shadowing, and blockages, which are especially relevant in millimeter wave networks, a greedy algorithm is proposed to find a multi-scale aggregation tree to optimize the performance. It is shown numerically that this tailored hierarchy outperforms a regular tree construction by 60%.
Glutamine Deprivation Induces the Expression ofGADD45 and GADD153 Primarily by mRNA Stabilization (1999)

The expression of the growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible genes, GADD45 and GADD153/CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein), as well as GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa) was examined in several human breast cell lines subjected to acute glutamine (GLN) deprivation. GLN deprivation caused rapid elevation of GADD45 and GADD153/CHOP mRNA levels in cells that were highly dependent upon GLN for growth and viability. Both GADD mRNAs were rapidly elevated up to several hundred-fold. In contrast, GRP78 expression was elevated by no more than 4-fold by GLN deprivation. The magnitude of GADD up-regulation roughly correlated with the extent of GLN dependence of each cell line. The levels of all three mRNAs were responsive to alterations of ambient GLN content in a physiologically relevant concentration range that corresponded to the affinities of cellular GLN transporters. Provision of GLN-derived metabolites partially inhibited the induction of GADD expression in GLN-deprived cells. Nuclear run-on assays and mRNA decay studies suggested that the primary mechanism leading to increased GADD mRNA levels was not transcriptional, but rather that GADD45 and GADD153/CHOP expression were up-regulated in response to GLN deprivation via marked stabilization of these mRNAs. These results suggest that the expression of GADD genes contributes to growth arrest and/or protection from metabolic damage during GLN-poor conditions.
Formal Theories of the Commonsense World (1985)

This volume is a collection of original contributions about the core knowledge in fundamental domains. It includes work on naive physics, such as formal specifications of intuitive theories of spatial relations, time causality, substance and physical objects, and on naive psychology.
Market-Based Multirobot Coordination: A Comprehensive Survey and Analysis (2005)

As robotic technology improves, we charge robots with increasingly varied and difficult tasks. Many of these tasks can potentially be completed better by a team of robots working together than by individual robots working alone. Coordination can lead to faster task completion, increased robustness, higher-quality solutions, and the completion of tasks impossible for single robots. Nevertheless, effective coordination can be difficult to achieve because of a range of adverse real-world conditions including dynamic events, changing task demands, resource failures, and limited deliberation time. The desire to overcome these challenges and harness the benefits of robot teams has made multirobot coordination a vital field in robotics research. Of the resulting wealth of research, market-based multirobot coordination approaches in particular have received significant attention and are growing in popularity within the community. These approaches harness the principles of market economies—which have successfully governed human coordination for thousands of years—and use them to enable robot coordination. In market-based approaches, robots on the team act as self-interested agents operating in a virtual economy in which tasks and team resources are exchanged over the market in pursuit of individual profit. The essence of marketbased approaches is that the process of robots trading tasks and resources with one another to maximize their wealth simultaneously improves the efficiency of the team. Market-based approaches to multirobot coordination inherit many of the benefits associated with market economies, including flexibility, efficiency, responsiveness, robustness, scalability, and generality. In practice, they have been successfully implemented in a variety of domains ranging from mapping and exploration to robot soccer. The research literature on market-based approaches to coordination has now reached a critical mass that warrants a survey and analysis. This paper meets this need in three ways. First, it provides a tutorial on market-based approaches by discussing the motivating philosophy, defining the requirements and tradeoffs inherent in such approaches, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and placing them appropriately in the context of the larger set of approaches to multirobot coordination. Second, this paper surveys and analyzes the relevant literature. Third, it inspires and directs future research on this topic through a discussion of remaining challenges.
ABCB1‐1Δ (MDR1‐1Δ) genotype is associated with adverse reactions in dogs treated with milbemycin oxime for generalized demodicosis (2008)

Twenty-two dogs diagnosed with generalized demodicosis were treated with milbemycin oxime (MO) because of poor response to previous therapies or because the dog was a breed known to be susceptible to ivermectin toxicosis. Fifteen of the 22 dogs were herding breeds. Doses of MO ranged from 1.0 to 2.2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) per os. Cheek swab samples were obtained in order to determine each dog's ABCB1 genotype. Adverse drug reactions were recorded for each dog by the owners and/or veterinarians. The ABCB1-1 Delta genotype was significantly associated with the development of an adverse reaction (neurological toxicity) after treatment with MO. None of the 19 dogs with the wild-type ABCB1 allele experienced adverse reactions, whereas two dogs homozygous for the ABCB1-1 Delta mutation developed ataxia. Assessing the ABCB1-1 Delta genotype prior to MO administration may prevent neurological toxicity in these patients.
On the mechanism of photocatalytic reactions on CuxO@TiO2 core–shell photocatalysts (2021)

Stable and enhanced UV/vis photocatalytic activity <italic>via</italic> the Z-scheme mechanism of Cu<sub>x</sub>O@TiO<sub>2</sub> prepared by the microemulsion method.
Stability of diffuse high-beta helical systems (1974)

The stability of m = 1 long-wavelength kink modes in diffuse high-β ℓ = 0 and ℓ = 1 systems has been investigated. For ℓ = 0 it is found that new modes exist with potentially dangerous growth rates and mode structure but which degenerate into zero growth-rate modes in the sharp boundary limit. The existence of such modes provides an explanation to an apparent paradox in the literature concerning ℓ = 0 wall stabilization. For ℓ = 1, it is found that the sharp boundary wall stabilization of the gross m = 1 mode remains essentially unchanged for diffuse profiles. This is favourable for the Scyllac programme.
Asymmetric Membranes Based on Copolyheteroarylenes with Imide, Biquinoline, and Oxazinone Units: Formation and Characterization (2019)

Modern ultrafiltration requires novel perfect membranes with narrow pore size, high porosity, and minimal pore tortuosity to achieve high separation performance. In this work, copolyamic acid (co-PAA) was synthesized and used for the preparation of asymmetric porous membranes by phase inversion technique. Several co-PAA membranes were heated up to 250 °C; during heating, they undergo solid-phase transformation into co-polybenzoxazinoneimide (co-PBOI) via dehydration and cyclization. Comparative characterization of both co-PAA and co-PBOI membranes was realized by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultrafiltration experiments. Membrane calibration was carried out using a mixture of seven proteins with different molecular weights. During heat treatment, the molecular weight cut-off of the membranes decreased from 20 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol (co-PAA) to 3 × 10<sup>3</sup> g/mol (co-PBOI). Abnormally low dispersions of rejection (0.3 for co-PAA and 0.45 for co-PBOI) were observed for the studied membranes; this fact indicates that the membranes possess enhanced resolving power.
Supersymmetry in an interacting Majorana model on the kagome lattice (2019)

We construct a supersymmetric model of interacting Majorana fermions on the kagome lattice. In the infinite-coupling limit, the model exhibits an extensively degenerate ground state manifold separated in two topological sectors, in addition to two parity supersectors. An exact solution for thin-torus geometries allows us to analytically construct the entire zero-energy ground state manifold. Upon inclusion of hopping terms with energy scale $g$, the supersymmetry is spontaneously broken with the ground state energy density scaling as ${g}^{4}$. We also briefly discuss the noninteracting limit of the model, which exhibits a zero-energy flat band and Majorana Chern bands.
Nanowire based quantum interference sensors for electromagnetic radiation (2006)

We present a proposal for the use of a nanostructure for electromagnetic radiation sensing, which is based on quantum interference. One sensor format that is discussed is comprised of symmetric hexagonal nanowire loops or parallel nanowires. The relevant quantum interference properties are analyzed, showing that the influence phase functional for the current density depends on the final relative velocity of electrons in these nanostructures.
Development of a Viscoelastic Composition having Superior Vibration-Damping Capability (1966)

An intensive investigation of polymers, plasticizers, and fillers was conducted with the resulting development of a viscoelastic material that effectively damps 38-in. steel plating. This vibration damping material exhibits greater than 3% critical damping over two decades of frequency, and a 45°F temperature range, at a one-third plate-weight application. At the temperature of maximum efficiency, the material exhibits greater than 9% critical damping over a decade of frequency. The viscoelastic damping material consists of a self-extinguishing vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, and is capable of withstanding both saline water and JP-4 jet fuel. The application of this material in spaced and constrained damping systems results in the effective damping of steel plate up to 1.75 in. thick. The investigation also demonstrated that three types of fillers are useful in increasing the damping effectiveness of the polymer system: (1) flake, (2) granular, and (3) low-density granular. The flake filler (e.g., graphite) has the effect of both increasing damping and broadening the operable temperature and frequency range of the damping system. The granular filler (e.g., carbon black) reinforces the polymer network and thereby promotes energy loss. The low-density granular filler (e.g., wood flour) decreases the bulk density of the system without proportional reduction in damping effectiveness.
<title>Combining stereo, shading, and geometric constraints for surface reconstruction from multiple views</title> (1993)

Our goal is to reconstruct both the shape and reflectance properties of surfaces from multiple images. We argue that an object-centered representation is most appropriate for this purpose because it naturally accommodates multiple sources of data, multiple images (including motion sequences of a rigid object), self-occlusions, and geometric constraints. We then present a specific object-centered reconstruction method. It begins with an initial estimate of surface shape that is iteratively adjusted to minimize an objective function that combines information from multiple input images. The objective function is a weighted sum of `stereo,' shading, and smoothness components, where the weight varies over the surface. For example, the stereo component is weighted more strongly where the surface projects onto highly textured areas in the images, and less strongly otherwise. Thus, each component has its greatest influence where its accuracy is likely to be greatest. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images are presented.
High Gain End Pumped Lasers (1998)

We discuss in this paper, the development of high gain end pumped lasers utilizing increased brightness diode array pump sources. We compare the characteristics of materials such as Nd: YAG, Nd: YLF and Nd: YV04 using these new diode pump sources and in particular demonstrate a factor of two increase in laser brightness.