gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of an Automated Sampling system with Franz Diffusion Cells (1994)

Transdermal penetration studies “in vitro” are tedious and time consuming, and sometimes require complex sampling schedules. If automatic equipment is used, full validation is mandatory. The aim of this study was to validate an automated “in vitro” sampling system using modified Franz diffusion cells. The reproductibility of sample and replace volumes was assessed. The dilution effect induced by the replaced volume was also studied and some equations in order to correct this factor were propossed. Ketorolac trometamol has been used as a model drug in this study.
Characteristics of press-soldered joints by using resistance heating (1990)

In order to increase the strengths of soldered joints, a novel press-soldering method was investigated. In this method, materials of low melting points and low strengths (mainly Pb) were discharged from the joint interface and an alloyed layer of high strength was left. Copper-to-copper lap joints were press-soldered using a resistance heating apparatus. In this process, heating and pressure were applied simultaneously. The copper plate was presoldered using Pb-50 Sn solder, and the alloyed layer was formed. The tensile strengths increased at a pressure above 45 N, and fracturing occurred in the copper base metal above a 75-N pressure load. The joints fractured in the copper base metal during the 150 degrees C and 250 degrees C tensile testing and showed excellent thermal resistance. Changes in joint strengths after high-temperature heating (150 degrees C, 250 degrees C, 1000 h) are also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
X linked retinoschisis. (1995)

X-linked retinoschisis (MIM#312700) is linked to mutations in RS1 encoding retinoschisin a protein critical for cell-cell adhesion and intercellular matrix interactions. It is a rare inherited disorder with a prevalence estimated between 1/5,000 and 1/20,000, affecting male subjects with female carriers being asymptomatic with only few reports of subtle changes. Age of onset can be as early as pre-school screening. Clinical manifestations are variable even within the same family with little phenotype/genotype correlation. Macular abnormalities are present in virtually all cases, the most typical picture being the classic spoke-wheel appearance of macular cysts. Atrophic lesions will develop in later stages. The full-field electroretinogram is critical for the diagnosis especially in case of atypical presentation or in late stages. It typically reveals an electronegative waveform in response to a standard or bright flash under scotopic conditions with a reduced b/a ratio in keeping with generalized inner retinal dysfunction. The diagnosis can be molecularly confirmed by identifying mutations in RS1. Management will include a careful refraction, low vision aids, school support and anhydrase carbonic inhibitors. Gene therapy trials are underway.
Production and characterisation of PHAs by pure culture using protein hydrolysates as sole carbon source (2022)

Protein hydrolysates obtained from discarded biomass can be further upgraded into high market value products, in the optic of a circular bioeconomy. In this work, residues from the cultivation of alfalfa, soybean and rice, and bovine wet blue shavings were fermented with mixed microbial cultures obtaining high concentrations of volatile fatty acid (up to 50 times compared to the original hydrolysate), mainly butyric and acetic acid. This rich medium was used for growing the bacterium Thauera sp., a known producer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable polymers with potential to replace petrol-based plastics. The overall process resulted in the production of 1.4 gPHAs/L, with a conversion rate of 32% for the alfalfa hydrolysates when considering the COD given by the initial VFAs. The obtained biopolymer was poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), as confirmed by the presence of characteristic peaks and by the melting temperatures and thermo-oxidative degradation in the expected range; the polymer has a high degree of purity, being without inorganic residues. This work showed the feasibility of a process aimed at the valorisation of protein hydrolysates into high-market value products such as bioplastics.
ChemInform Abstract: Topotactic Redox Chemistry of NaFeAs in Water and Air and Superconducting Behavior with Stoichiometry Change. (2010)

Abstract The redox chemistry and transformations of NaFeAs in water and air are characterized by single crystal and powder XRD, magnetization measurements, TEM, and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
Well-posedness of the stochastic time-fractional diffusion and wave equations and inverse random source problems (2023)

Abstract In this paper, we are concerned with the stochastic time-fractional diffusion-wave equations in a Hilbert space. The main objective of this paper is to establish properties of the stochastic weak solutions of the initial-boundary value problem, such as the existence, uniqueness and regularity estimates. Moreover, we apply the obtained theories to an inverse source problem. The uniqueness of this inverse problem under the boundary measurements is proved.
Path Computation API (2016)

There are scenarios, typically in a hierarchical SDN context, in which
an orchestrator may not have detailed information to be able to
perform an end-to-end path computation and would need to request lower
layer/domain controllers to calculate some (partial) feasible paths.
Multiple protocol solutions can be used for communication between
different controller hierarchical levels. This document assumes that
the controllers are communicating using YANG-based Application
Programming Interface (APIs). This document describes some use cases
for an Application Programming Interface for path computation. A
related yang model will be proposed in a next version or in another
document.
A case study of an emerging visual artist with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2009)

Patients presenting with left-sided FTLD syndromes sometimes develop a new preoccupation with art, greater attention to visual stimuli, and increased visual creativity. We describe the case of a 53-year-old, right-handed man with a history of bipolar disorder who presented with language and behavior impairments characteristic of FTLD, then developed motor symptoms consistent with a second diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Though the patient had never created visual art before, he developed a compulsion for painting beginning at the earliest stages of his disease, and continued producing art daily until he could no longer lift a paintbrush because of his motor deficits. Upon autopsy, he was found to have ubiquitin and TDP43-positive inclusions with MND pathology. This case study details the patient's longitudinal neuropsychological, emotional, behavioral, and motor symptoms, along with structural imaging, neurologic, and neuropathologic findings. Multiple examples of the patient's art are depicted throughout all stages of his illness, and the possible cognitive, behavioral, and neurologic correlates of his new-onset visual artistry are discussed.
Phased Array Antenna Handbook (1993)

Phased Arrays in Radar and Communication Systems. Pattern Characteristics and Synthesis of Linear and Planar Arrays. Patterns of Nonplanar Arrays. Elements, Transmission Lines, and Feed Architectures for Phased Arrays. Summary of Element Pattern and Mutual Impedance Effects. Array Error Effects. Special Array Feeds for Limited Field of View and Wideband Arrays.
A Roadmap for Implementing Minichannels in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems—Current Status and Future Directions (2007)

The evolution of compact heat exchangers was driven by the need for reducing their size and weight and enhancing individual components and overall system performance. These needs are also becoming relevant in stationary refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The reduction in volume and footprint of the systems is foremost in the minds of urban architects, while refrigerant charge reduction and performance enhancement remain important safety and operating considerations. Minichannels provide a viable solution to address these concerns and are expected to be used widely in large as well as small commercial, industrial, and residential systems. This paper provides a roadmap for their implementation, with a critical review of the current status of our understanding in this field, recommendations for obtaining fundamental performance data and correlations, and an emphasis on innovative designs of minichannel heat exchangers.
L1 Adaptive Control Design for Improved Handling of the F/A-18 class of Aircraft (2013)

This paper presents the development and preliminary results obtained from the application of L1 adaptive control methods to the design of the inner-loop flight control system of variants of the F/A-18 aircraft, intended to emulate the handling qualities of the standard reference F/A-18 aircraft. The control method is designed to be robust to high frequency and unmodeled dynamics always present when a complex nonlinear system is approximated as a linear plant for design purposes. Results show the capability of the L1 adaptive controller to effectively manipulate the naturally lightly damped pitch and roll dynamics of the uncontrolled plant to the desired dynamics of the easier-to-control standard F/A-18 with bounded transient responses and steady state tracking errors over a range of operating conditions. The ability to synthesize controllers based on a set of desired reference dynamics allowing the onboard controller to synthesize suitable stabilising and error regulating control commands for the plant possesses many of the prerequisites needed to form the basis of a standard set of certifiable flight control software designs.
Deposition of Complement in the Lesions of Experimental Cutaneous Candidiasis in Guinea Pigs (1976)

Deposits of C3 have been demonstrated at the dermo-epidermal junction in the lesions of experimental cutaneous candidiasis in guinea pigs. The deposits were granular in character and similar to those previously found in the lesions of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans. Immunoglobulin, C4 and candida antigen were not detected in the lesions. C3 was also found in a similar pattern at the dermo-epidermal junction of candida-infected skin from homozygous C4-deficient guinea pigs. From these observations, it is postulated that complement deposition occurs in these lesions as a result of alternative pathway activation, perhaps by cell wall components from the infecting organisms.
Support for Distributed Transactions in the TABS Prototype (1985)

The TABS prototype is an experimental facility that provides operating system-level support for distributed transactions that operate on shared abstract types. The facility is designed to simplify the construction of highly available and reliable distributed applications. This paper describes the TABS system model, the TABS prototype's structure, and certain aspects of its operation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the status of the project and a preliminary evaluation.
Spectroscopic and fast photographic studies of excimer laser polymer ablation (1988)

Spectroscopy and fast photography have been used to study the luminous plume produced by ablative etching of polyimide and polyethylene-terephthalate polymer films with the XeCl laser. The time dependence of the expansion for various environmental gas pressures has been studied in this way. The results show that at low pressures (&amp;lt;0.5 mb) the expansion approaches a free expansion into a vacuum, while at 15 mb the time dependence is close to that predicted by an ideal blast wave model. It is suggested that a significant fraction of the luminous species detected spectroscopically may be created in the shock front at the plume/environmental gas interface.
A Comparative Study of the Cellular Uptake and Photodynamic Efficacy of Three Novel Zinc Phthalocyanines of Differing Charge (1999)

Abstract— Three novel substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (one anionic, one cationic and one neutral) were compared to two clinically used photosensitizers, 5,10,15,20‐tetra( m ‐hydroxyphenyl)chlorin ( m ‐THPC) and polyhematoporphyrin (PHP), as potential agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using the RIF‐1 cell line, photodynamic efficacy was shown to be related to cellular uptake. The cationic phthalocyanine (PPC, pyridinium zinc [II] phthalocyanine) had improved activity over the other two phthalocyanines and slightly unproved activity over PHP and m‐THPC. The initial subcellular localization of each photosensitizer was dependent upon the hydrophobicity and plasma protein binding. The phthalocyanines had a punctate distribution indicative of lysosomes, whereas m‐THPC and PHP had a more diffuse cytoplasmic localization. A relocalization of phthalocyanine fluorescence was observed in some cases following low‐level light exposure, and this was charge dependent The anionic phthalocyanine (TGly, tetraglycine zinc [II] phthalocyanine) relocalized to the nuclear area, the localization of the hydrophobic phthalocyanine (TDOPc, tetradioctylamine zhic [II] phthalocyanine) was unchanged, whereas the distribution of the cationic phthalocyanine (PPC) became more cytoplasmic. This suggests that relocalization following low‐level irradiation is a critical factor governing efficacy, and a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution may be a determinant of good photodynamic activity.
P1892Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine in atrial fibrillation progression and recurrence (2019)

Abstract Background Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) are post-translationally modified amino-acids that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and have been associated with cardiovascular events and death. Recently, an association of ADMA with atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence and prevalence has been described. In this study we analyzed the association of ADMA and SDMA with the progression and recurrence of AF. Methods In total, 254 patients (64±11 years, 67% males, BMI 29±8 kg/m2, 53% paroxysmal AF, 27% low voltage areas (LVA)) undergoing first AF ablation were included into analyses. LVA were determined using high-density maps and defined as &lt;0.5 mV. AF progression was defined as paroxysmal AF (PAF) with/without LVA and continuous AF (CAF) with/without LVA. AF recurrences were defined as any atrial arrhythmia occurring after ablation 3 to 18 months. Blood plasma samples were collected before catheter ablation and at follow-up. ADMA and SDMA were measured in plasma samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results While no differences were detected for ADMA, the SDMA plasma concentrations were significantly higher in AF patients with CAF and LVA (n=50, median 0.587 μmol/L; inter quartile range (IQR) 0.514–0.689 μmol/L, p=0.029) compared to PAF without LVA (n=90, 0.532; IQR 0.467–0.640 μmol/L), PAF with LVA (n=12, 0.494; IQR 0.444–0.615 μmol/L) and CAF without LVA (n=86, 0.537; IQR 0.465–0.633) μmol/L. There were 28 patients with available follow-up data and 18 patients (64%) had sinus rhythm. These patients had significantly lower SDMA plasma concentrations (0.458; IQR 0.405–0.517 vs. 0.507; IQR 0.449–0.604 μmol/L; p&lt;0.001) at follow-up, while baseline SDMA levels were similar compared with patients with AF recurrence (p=0.944). Furthermore, patients without recurrence had significantly lower ADMA plasma concentrations (0.466; IQR 0.422–0.520 vs. 0.545; IQR 0.456–0.608 μmol/L, p&lt;0.03) at follow-up, while baseline ADMA levels were similar independent on rhythm outcome (p=0.759). Conclusion Increased SDMA levels correlated with AF progression phenotypes characterized by persistent AF and the presence of LVA. In patients without arrhythmia recurrences ADMA and SDMA levels decreased.
Optically-controlled microwave phase shifting and sampling by efficient photoconductive switching on LT-GaAs substrate integrated technology (2006)

Microwave photonics contributes through ultrafast devices to the processing of high data rates. In this area, microwave photoconductive switches (MPCSs) in integrated technology have proved their performances to control the transmission of high frequency signals in complex systems. Their ability to switch microwave signal phase and magnitude is fully defined by a complex frequency-dependant ON/OFF ratio R<sub>ON/OFF</sub> determined from S-Parameters measurements in microwave frequency domain. This paper reports on a new design of MPCSs to be used, after realization and evaluation, as a basic block in optically controlled MMIC devices for application in high frequency samplers or phase shifters.
VIIIVIV3O3(PO4)3:  A Novel Vanadium Phosphate for Selective Oxidation of Light Hydrocarbons (2007)

A novel vanadium(IV) phosphate VIIIVIV3O3(PO4)3 has been synthesized and crystallized (1073 K, sealed silica tube, a few milligrams of PtCl2 as mineralizer). According to the single-crystal structure analysis [orthorhombic, F2dd (No. 63), Z = 24, a = 7.2596(8) Å, b = 21.786(2) Å, c = 38.904(4) Å (lattice parameters from Guinier photographs), R1 = 0.032, wR2 = 0.067, κ-CCD diffractometer, 83 949 reflections measured, 6836 independent, 5986 with I > 2σ(I), 299 variables], VIIIVIV3O3(PO4)3 belongs to the Lipscombite/Lazulite structure family. At 1073 K VIIIVIV3O3(PO4)3 is in thermodynamic equilibrium with (VO)2P2O7, VO2, and VPO4. Substitution of V3+ in VIIIVIV3O3(PO4)3 by Cr3+ and Fe3+ is possible. Like vanadylpyrophosphate the oxide phosphates MIIIVIV3O3(PO4)3 (MIII: V, Cr, Fe) show significant catalytic activity in selective oxidation of n-butane and 1-butene to maleic acid anhydride.
Metal-insulator-semiconductor-type organic light-emitting transistor on plastic substrate (2006)

The authors report the characteristics of novel metal-insulator-semiconductor-type organic light-emitting transistors (MIS-OLETs). The drain current and luminescent intensity of the MIS-OLET can be controlled by changing hole injection carriers by applying a gate bias voltage. In addition, the high performance (400cd∕m2 at VD=−8V) of MIS-OLETs fabricated on a plastic substrate as well as on a glass substrate is demonstrated and described.
A Novel In Vitro Model for Determining the Optimum pH and Dose Volume of New Liquid Alginate for Infant Reflux Suppression (2021)

This study confirms the mode of action of the alginate formula, demonstrating a superior reduction in the retrograde movement of in vitro gastric contents and volume of regurgitation. The study also demonstrates that optimal performance occurs in conditions that are in line physiologically with the target patient. Both actions compliment and support the efficacy of the alginate formulation as a reflux therapy agent.
Pathways to gene identification in rheumatoid arthritis: PTPN22 and beyond (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), like other autoimmune diseases, has a complex genetic basis. Rapid technical advances in high-throughput genotyping and analysis have now reached a point where genes of low-to-moderate risk can be identified using a variety of study designs, including whole genome association studies. The availability of large, well-characterized populations of cases and controls are critical to the success of these efforts. A functional variant (R620W) of the intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) has now been conclusively shown to confer approximately two-fold risk for seropositive RA as well as several other autoimmune disorders. PTPN22 appears to act primarily by setting thresholds for T-cell receptor signaling, and the current data suggest that the PTPN22 620W allele is likely to be a general risk factor for the development of humoral autoimmunity. PTPN22 is expressed widely in hematopoietic cells, but other than in T cells, its role is unknown. These results provide strong evidence for the longstanding hypothesis that common genes underlie different autoimmune phenotypes and emphasize that finding genes of only moderate risk can provide important insights into disease pathogenesis.
Związek między infekcjami wirusowymi we wczesnym okresie życia a późniejszym rozwojem astmy jest niezależny od rodzaju wirusa (2015)

Infekcje dolnego odcinka dróg oddechowych w pierwszych latach życia wiążą się z wystąpieniem astmy w późniejszym okresie. Obserwacja ta doprowadziła do badań nad potencjalną rolą przyczynową w rozwoju astmy specyficznych wirusów odpowiedzialnych za infekcje dróg oddechowych, takich jak rinowirusy i wirus RSV. Ponieważ jednak liczne wirusy i bakterie wywołują podobne objawy ze strony układu oddechowego, to możliwe, że istotnymi czynnikami rozwoju astmy są istniejąca wrażliwość na infekcje oraz nadmierna reakcja na taki bodziec, a nie sam czynnik wywołujący infekcję. Celem była ocena związków między określonymi infekcjami w pierwszych latach życia a rozwojem astmy w późniejszym dzieciństwie. Badaniem prospektywnym objęto trzysta trzynaścioro dzieci z kohorty urodzeniowej prowadzonej w ramach Kopenhaskiego Badania nad Astmą u Dzieci (Copenhagen Prospective Studies of Asthma in Childohood2000). W próbkach wydzieliny z dróg oddechowych uzyskiwanej w momencie wystąpienia epizodów objawów płucnych w pierwszych 3 latach życia zidentyfikowano dziewięć wirusów wywołujących choroby dróg oddechowych (wirus RSV, rinowirusy, inne pikornawirusy, koronawirus 229E i OC43, wirusy paragrypy 1–3, wirusy grypy AH1, AH3 i B, ludzki metapneumowirus, adenowirusy i ludzki bokawirus) oraz 3 bakterie patogeniczne dla układu oddechowego (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae i Moraxella catarrhalis). Obecność astmy określano w 7. roku życia. W nieskorygowanych analizach wszystkie wirusy i patogenne bakterie wykryte w czasie epizodów objawów z dróg oddechowych wiązały się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju astmy w 7. roku życia z podobnymi ilorazami szans dla wszystkich wirusów i bakterii patogennych. Po uwzględnianiu częstości epizodów infekcji powiązanie między poszczególnymi patogenami a astmą zanikało. Liczba infekcji dróg oddechowych w pierwszych latach życia, ale nie konkretny patogen wirusowy, wiąże się z rozwojem astmy w późniejszym dzieciństwie. To sugeruje, że dalsze badania powinny się skupić ogólnie na podatności i nadmiernej reakcji na infekcje dolnych dróg oddechowych, a nie na badaniach konkretnych patogenów.
Determination of Radiochemical Purity and Radiochemical Identity of [ 13 N]NH 3 Using Thin Layer Chromatography (2015)

This chapter describes a rapid, robust method for determining radiochemical purity and identity of N-13 ammonia using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). An ideal alternative method would rapidly and reproducibly determine the radiochemical purity and radiochemical identity of N-13 ammonia injection, while requiring less time to complete and fewer resources to maintain than compendial methods. All radiochemical syntheses must be carried out using appropriate equipment in a facility authorized for the use of radioactive materials. For radiochemical identity, the product radioactive peak was compared with the ammonium chloride TLC reference standard, which was visualized using iodoplatinate spray reagent. The use of a TLC system for N-13 ammonia quality control eliminates the need for using an HPLC system, improving workflow in a high-volume positron emmision tomography (PET) production facility, as well as enabling facilities without specialized high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conductivity detectors to produce N-13 ammonia injection.
Cognitive and behavioral improvement in adults with fragile X syndrome treated with metformin‐two cases (2019)

Metformin may be a candidate drug for treatment of several types of symptoms in individuals with FXS.