gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Segregation Analysis Accounting for GxE of Bone Mineral Density in European Pedigrees Selected Through a Male Proband with Low BMD (2006)

Osteoporosis is a common multifactorial disorder characterized by low bone mass (BMD) and high susceptibility to low-trauma fractures. Family and twin studies have found a strong genetic component in the determination of BMD, but the mode of inheritance of this trait is not yet fully understood. BMD is a complex trait whose expression is confounded by environmental influences and polygenic inheritance. Detection of potential gene-environment interactions is of great interest in the determination of bone health status. Here we have conducted segregation analyses, using the regressive class D models, in a sample of 100 European pedigrees (NEMO) with 713 subjects (524 measured for phenotypes) identified via a male with low BMD values at either the Lumbar Spine or the Femoral Neck. Segregation analyses were conducted on the residuals of LS-BMD and FN-BMD adjusted for gender, age and BMI. We tested for gene-covariate (GxE) interactions, and investigated the impact of significant GxE interactions on segregation results. Without GxE a major effect was found to be marginally significant in LS-BMD and highly significant in FN-BMD. For both traits the Mendelian hypothesis was rejected. Significant Age x gene and BMI x gene interactions were revealed. Accounting for GxE increased statistical evidence for a major factor in LS-BMD, and improved the fit of the data to the Mendelian transmission model for both traits. The best fitting models suggested a codominant major gene accounting for 45% (LS-BMD) and 44% (FN-BMD) of the adjusted BMDs. However, substantial residual correlations were also found, and these remained highly significant after accounting for the major gene.
C60F18O: Isolation, spectroscopic characterisation and structural calculations (1998)

C60F18O, obtained as a byproduct of fluorination of [60]fullerene with K2PtF6, has Cs symmetry, the oxygen being located in one of the symmetry planes of C3v C60F18. C60F20, isolated in low yield, also has Cs symmetry arising from addition of F2 either across or (more probably) in the symmetry plane of C60F18. The results are compared with theoretical predictions of the structures. C60F18·CF2 has also been obtained as a byproduct of the production of C60F18 and provides further confirmation of the parallel between fluorination and hydrogenation (which correspondingly gives methylene adducts), the adducts being produced by cage fragmentation in each case. A 790 amu species (as yet uncharacterised but which may be either C60F2O2 or C60CF3H) is detected in some samples.
Identification of a Novel Cardenolide (2‘ ‘-Oxovoruscharin) from Calotropis procera and the Hemisynthesis of Novel Derivatives Displaying Potent in Vitro Antitumor Activities and High in Vivo Tolerance:  Structure−Activity Relationship Analyses (2005)

Analysis of the methanolic extract of Calotropis procera root barks enabled the identification of a novel cardenolide (2''-oxovoruscharin) to be made. Of the 27 compounds that we hemisynthesized, one (23) exhibited a very interesting profile with respect to its hemisynthetic chemical yield, its in vitro antitumor activity, its in vitro inhibitory influence on the Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and its in vivo tolerance. Compound 23 displayed in vitro antitumor activity on a panel of 57 human cancer cell lines similar to taxol, and higher than SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), two of the most potent drugs used in hospitals to combat cancer.
Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: a systematic literature review of animal and human studies (2016)

Considering the need for new drugs that produce fewer adverse effects and are more effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptomatology, the described effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids should be further investigated.
Vesicles and Liposomes: A Self‐Assembly Principle Beyond Lipids (2003)

Abstract This Progress Report describes the latest advances in vesicles and liposomes. Recent work on the self‐assembly of complex polymer systems shows that the formation of polymer vesicles or closed hull structures is archetypal, leading to fascinating new possibilities and applications in materials science. A general view of the underlying self‐assembly mechanisms leading to vesicles and the control of size, shape, and other vesicular properties by physicochemical means is presented, as background. This is followed by an overview of the recently described new classes of polymer and supramolecular tectons that make vesicle formation a more general phenomenon going beyond just lipids. Finally, the potential applications of vesicles, including non‐lipid vesicles, are outlined.
The Frontotemporal (Pterional) Approach (2012)

The frontotemporal, so-called pterional, approach has evolved with the contribution of many neurosurgeons over the past century. It has stood the test of time and has been the most commonly used transcranial approach in neurosurgery. In its current form, drilling the sphenoid wing as far down as the superior orbital fissure with or without the removal of the anterior clinoid, thinning the orbital roof, and opening the Sylvian fissure and basal cisterns are the hallmarks of this approach. Tumoral and vascular lesions involving the sellar/parasellar area, anterior and anterolateral circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery, anterior brainstem, upper basilar artery, insula, basal ganglia, mesial temporal region, anterior cranial fossa, orbit, and optic nerve are within the reach of the frontotemporal approach. In this article, we review the origins, evolution, and modifications of the frontotemporal approach and update the discussion of some of the related derivative procedures.
InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes activated in O/sub 2/ ambient (2002)

Mg-doped GaN epitaxial layers were annealed in pure O/sub 2/ and pure N/sub 2/. It was found that we could achieve a low-resistive p-type GaN by pure O/sub 2/ annealing at a temperature as low as 400/spl deg/C. With a 500/spl deg/C annealing temperature, it was found that the forward voltage and dynamic resistance of the InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (LED) annealed in pure O/sub 2/ were both smaller than those values observed from InGaN/GaN LED annealed in pure N/sub 2/. It was also found that an incomplete activation of Mg will result in a shorter LED lifetime.
4. Place (2021)

‘Place’ focuses on the use of place in short stories. Outside of sci-fi, short stories are not in the business of creating places. Nevertheless, there are certain places that create stories: the city of St Petersburg has spawned much urban folklore. Paris is another such place, and this can be illustrated by a set of works that can be compared in how they use that city to condition the stories of their characters and plots. Enchantment and disenchantment with Paris shape stories in which the city exercises a spell, and Paris is more like a theatre set onto which drifters, dreamers, and charmers come in all ages and social classes.
EVOLVE (2021)

EVOLVE is a pan-European Innovation Action building a converged infrastructure to bring together the HPC, Cloud, and Big Data worlds. EVOLVE's platform and software stack supports large-scale, data-intensive applications, driven primarily by industry requirements set by pilot and proof-of-concept use cases from diverse fields. Given the unprecedented data growth we are experiencing, EVOLVE's infrastructure is key in enabling the cost-effective processing of massive amounts of data and the adaptation of multiple high-end technologies, in an environment that fosters interoperability and enforces increased security.
Surface plasmon enhanced up-conversion from NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd nano-rods (2015)

The surface plasmons that are enabled by grating coupling in two-dimensional gold nano-particle arrays (AuNPAs) affected the spectral characteristics of the up-conversion (UC) emission from Yb(3+)-Er(3+)-Gd(3+) co-doped sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd) nano-rods. The red emission of NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd nano-rods at 660 nm (excited with a 980 nm diode laser) was significantly enhanced by the interaction with the AuNPAs. The geometric characteristics of the gold nanoparticles influenced the position of the surface plasmon resonance, and their near field strengths. The intensity of the red emission normalized versus the green emission reached 1.4, measured against a reference film in the absence of the metallic nanostructures. The lifetime for the green and red emission decreased steadily as the periodicity decreased (relative to the reference), reaching about 6% reduction for the 350 nm AuNPA. A qualitative agreement was obtained between the experimental results and finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations.
Subject & Course Guides: Scholarly Research Impact: Open Access Funding (2019)

This guide is designed to help you to understand the different ways to increase and measure the impact of your research.
Integrated analysis of telomerase enzymatic activity unravels an association with cancer stemness and proliferation (2021)

Active telomerase is essential for stem cells and most cancers to maintain telomeres. The enzymatic activity of telomerase is related but not equivalent to the expression of TERT, the catalytic subunit of the complex. Here we show that telomerase enzymatic activity can be robustly estimated from the expression of a 13-gene signature. We demonstrate the validity of the expression-based approach, named EXTEND, using cell lines, cancer samples, and non-neoplastic samples. When applied to over 9,000 tumors and single cells, we find a strong correlation between telomerase activity and cancer stemness. This correlation is largely driven by a small population of proliferating cancer cells that exhibits both high telomerase activity and cancer stemness. This study establishes a computational framework for quantifying telomerase enzymatic activity and provides new insights into the relationships among telomerase, cancer proliferation, and stemness.
Inhibition of the R3327MAT-Lu prostatic tumor by diethylstilbestrol and 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane. (1982)

We have previously described the inhibitory effects of diethylstilbestrol on the growth of the androgen-independent, anaplastic Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor, R3327AT, which has a low metastatic potential. We have now selected a variant of the R3327AT tumor that metastasizes exclusively to the lungs, and we have designated it the R3327MAT-Lu. In a dose-response protocol, diethylstilbestrol was inhibitory to the primary R3327MAT-Lu tumor, thereby also inhibiting the formation of lung metastases. Inhibition was also observed in this model tumor by the chemotherapeutic agent 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane.
Optimum photon detection with a simple counting processor (1977)

It is shown that, for an arbitrary discrete process embedded in independent additive discrete noise, the classical binary detection problem using a likelihood-ratio test reduces to a simple comparison of the number of events with a single threshold. Only a weak condition on the noise distribution is required. Our results are appropriate for the analysis of photocounting optical communications and photocounting radar systems as well as neural counting in auditory psychophysics. We specifically apply our method to a signal-detection theory model of the human visual system and draw a comparison to the analysis of Hecht, Shlaer, and Pirenne [J. Gen. Physiol. 25, 819 (1942)].
SU-FF-T-362: Proton Dose Calculation Incorporating Respiratory Motion (2007)

Purpose: Protons are sensitive to the tissue density variations in the beam path. The dose actually delivered could be incorrectly predicted by the static patient model in the presence of significant organ motion. The purpose of this work was to investigate methods to predict dose delivered to the patients by incorporating respiratory motion effects into proton dose calculation. Method: The convolution method and direct simulation method were implemented. For convolution method, the dose distribution calculated for the exhale phase was convolved with a one-dimensional asymmetric probability distribution function (PDF) along superior-inferior (SI) direction. For direct simulation method, the organ position change was simulated by moving the co-planar beams in the direction opposite to the organ motion. The dose distribution was recalculated for each simulated position, and combined with the weights determined by the same PDF used by the convolution method. The methods were evaluated on a 2-beam and a 3-beam esophagus proton treatment plan in which the ITV method was used to compensate for the respiratory motion. Result: There were significant dose deviations due to respiratory motion at the air-tissue junction perpendicular to the organ motion direction, and at the superior and inferior edges of the static dose distribution. Differences up to 15% were observed in the target region and 30% in the air-tissue region between the motion-encoded dose distribution and the static dose distribution. Examination of the dose volume histogram indicated that two methods yielded very close estimation of respiratory motion effect on dose distribution. Conclusion: The convolution method is nearly equivalent to the direct simulation for proton for the studied esophagus case. Incorporation of the organ motion could lead to a more realistic estimation of dose distribution for proton treatment plans.
Immunogenicity of HIV Type 1 gp120 CD4 Binding Site Phage Mimotopes (2005)

The conserved domain of the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV- 1) envelope represents a potential target for vaccine development. Here we describe selection of peptide mimotopes by panning a phage peptide library on the HIV-1 CD4bs-specific, broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody, IgG(1) b12. We identified an initial consensus sequence for IgG1 b12 binding (M/VThetaSD, where Theta represents an aromatic amino acid). A molecular evolution approach, using second- and third-generation libraries, led us to identify a refined consensus sequence (GLLVWSDEL). The resulting IgG1 b12 phage mimotopes compete with gp160 for the IgG1 b12 antigen-binding site, but the phage coat protein (pIII) may play an important structural role, since both free peptides and KLH-conjugated peptides have no detectable binding activity. Mice immunized with IgG1 b12 phage mimotopes elicited a weak but persistent humoral response directed against the HIV-1 envelope. An antibody fragment was isolated from the antibody repertoires of these animals. It is noteworthy that while it has a relatively low affinity for HIV-1 gp160, the antibody targets an epitope that overlaps with that of IgG1 b12. Our data therefore suggest that engineered IgG1 b12 mimotopes share immunogenic features with the CD4bs. However, these peptidic structures will require further improvement in order to generate broad specificity neutralizing antibodies like IgG1 b12.
Programmed death receptor ligand-2 (PD-L2) bearing extracellular vesicles as a new biomarker to identify early triple-negative breast cancer patients at high risk for relapse (2022)

This study highlights PD L2<sub>EV</sub> as a promising biomarker for risk assessment of TNBC patients and represents the basic for additional studies introducing PD-L2<sub>EV</sub> as an eligibility criterion for PD-1 ICI approaches.
Effect of PK11195 on attenuating the enhancement of glucose utilization induced by quinolinic acid infusion in the rat brain (2008)

PK11195, a selective PBR ligand, has been reported to exert a protective effect against the neuronal damage induced by the intrastriatal infusion of quinolinic acid, an excitatory amino acid. The neuroprotective effect of PK11195 observed at 48 h after the infusion was mediated by the inhibition of microglial activation. The aim of this study is to search the mechanism for the effect of PK11195 other than the inhibition of activation of microglia. In this study, the effect of PK11195 on glucose metabolism as well as neuroprotection in the early phase (2 h) after the injection of quinolinic acid was examined. Intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (60 nmol/microL) alone caused a significant enhancement of [(14)C]DG utilization in the infused striatum (about 160% vs. the contralateral side). This enhancement of glucose utilization might be due to an increase in phosphorylation rate of [(14)C]DG rather than delivery process from the plasma into the brain, since the initial uptake of [(14)C]DG (1 min) was not changed by quinolinic acid. Coinjection of PK11195 (10 nmol/microL) completely blocked the enhancement of [(14)C]DG uptake induced by quinolinic acid. The attenuating effect of PK11195 on glucose metabolic disturbance induced by quinolinic acid seemed to be related to voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), which are component of the PBR complex and associated with the regulation of hexokinase activity. PK11195 also showed neuroprotective effect at 2 h after the infusion of quinolinic acid, despite no significant activation of microglia was observed at this time-point. Thus, the neuroprotection of PK11195 might be related to normalization of the metabolic disturbance by the excitatory amino acid.
Multiple Description Coding for Multipath Video Streaming (2016)

This Chapter addresses robust video coding and adaptation of compressed streams in multipath communications environments, using Multiple Description Coding (MDC). A review of Multiple Description (MD) video coding is presented, covering different video coding approaches. Different path diversity topologies and MDC networking applications are described, including MD video adaptation schemes to operate at network edges, for robust video streaming. A multi-loop architecture for Advanced Video Coding (AVC) to prevent drift distortion accumulation is also described. A simulation study of MDC for AVC is presented to evaluate the coding efficiency, the effects of distortion propagation and streaming performance in lossy networks. These research findings extend the current state-of-the-art MDC methods by developing new networking capabilities in different application scenarios maintaining coding efficiency, and increasing error robustness, when subject to transmission losses.
Infiltration flux distributions in unsaturated rock deposits and their potential implications for fractured rock formations (2005)

Although water infiltration through unconsolidated rocks and fractured rock formations control flow and transport to groundwater, spatial distributions of flow paths are poorly understood. Infiltration experiments conducted on packs of rocks showed that a well‐constrained distribution of fluxes develops despite differences in rock type (angular diabase and sandstone, and subangular serpentinite), rock size (30 to 200 mm), and packing (up to 42 rock layers). Fluxes stabilize into a geometric (exponential) distribution that keeps about half of the system depleted of flow, retains a small fraction of high flow regions, and has a characteristic scale determined by the rock size. Modification of a statistical mechanical model shows that gravity‐directed, random flow paths evolve to the observed flux distribution, and that it represents the most probable distribution. Key similarities between infiltration in rock deposits and fractured rock formations indicate that the geometric flow distribution may also apply in the latter systems.
Crystal structures of the noncatalytic domains of ADAMTS13 reveal multiple discontinuous exosites for von Willebrand factor (2009)

ADAMTS13 specifically cleaves plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and thereby controls VWF-mediated platelet thrombus formation. Severe deficiencies in ADAMTS13 can cause life-threatening thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Here, we determined 2 crystal structures of ADAMTS13-DTCS (residues 287-685), an exosite-containing human ADAMTS13 fragment, at 2.6-A and 2.8-A resolution. The structures revealed folding similarities between the disintegrin-like (D) domain and the N-terminal portion of the cysteine-rich domain (designated the C(A) domain). The spacer (S) domain forms a globular functional unit with a 10-stranded beta-sandwich fold that has multiple interaction sites with the C(A) domain. We expressed 25 structure-based mutants of ADAMTS13-MDTCS (residues 75-685) and measured their enzymatic activity. We identified 3 VWF-binding exosites on the linearly aligned discontinuous surfaces of the D, C(A), and S domains traversing the W-shaped molecule. Since the MDTCS domains are conserved among ADAMTS family proteins, the structural framework of the multiple enzyme-substrate interactions identified in the ADAMTS13-VWF system provides the basis for a common substrate recognition mode in this class of proteinases.
Strain-accelerated HF etching of AlAs for epitaxial lift-off (2004)

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Structural changes of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease as revealed by MR imaging. (2000)

This study suggests that MR imaging is sensitive to structural changes in even the earliest cases of Parkinson's disease, thereby indicating the potential for detecting presymptomatic disease. Furthermore, a radiologic measure has been defined that correlates with the conventional clinical measure of disease severity. Therefore, MR imaging could prove to be a sensitive biological marker for objective staging of the disease.
Induction of B cell and T cell tolerance in vivo by anti-CD23 mAb. (1994)

T cell tolerance can be induced by B cell presentation of Ags to naive T cells. To further characterize this mechanism of T cell tolerance induction, we have investigated the effects of injecting mice with an intact rat IgG2a Ab, which binds to the B cell low-affinity Fc epsilon receptor (CD23), on the responsiveness of B cells and T cells to rat IgG2a. Our observations indicate that 1) intravenous, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal injection of this Ab induces antigen-specific B cell and T cell tolerance; 2) both forms of tolerance are induced more completely by injection of rat IgG2a anti-CD23 mAb than by injection of an equal dose of a control rat IgG2a Ig; and 3) reduced responsiveness to Ag is seen as early as 1 to 3 days after anti-CD23 mAb injection and reaches maximum levels by 7 days after injection. Although tolerance induced by the injection of soluble proteins has been reported to be characterized by reduced production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but normal production of IL-4, injection of mice with rat IgG2a anti-mouse CD23 mAb greatly decreases the IL-4 response to a rat IgG2a immunogen that normally induces a large IL-4 response.
A Successful Full-Field Reservoir Characterization Story Utilizing Pressure Transient Analysis (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a successful case history of full-field reservoir characterization. It discusses real cases where transient analysis was a key tool in detecting various reservoir heterogeneities in the early phases of the field development. Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) is well-known in the oil industry as one of the most important reservoir characterization tools for its ability to provide better identification of reservoir heterogeneities along with its well-proven capabilities in providing rational determination of reservoir parameters such as permeability thickness, skin and productivity index. Many reservoir heterogeneities such as faults, fractures, Super-K were detected along with many others. In addition the paper spots lights on many unique case histories where pressure transient analysis was able to detect an abnormality in the reservoir. The study helped enhancing the development strategy of that carbonate field following other successful studies that were previously conducted on other development fields.