gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arachidonate remodeling, platelet-activating factor signaling, and the inflammatory response in the central nervous system (2004)

Arachidonate remodeling is a very prevalent process in cells of the central nervous system. As in other organs, there are a wide variety of phospholipid molecular species that display active arachidonate remodeling. In neurons, these events contribute to the maintenance of excitable membrane properties by providing a fluid environment for proteins to perform their functions. In addition, arachidonate remodeling allows the controlled release of free arachidonic acid. This fatty acid is a messenger in itself, and also serves as a precursor to a wide variety of biologically-active messengers, the eicosanoids. Recently, several novel messengers derived from arachidonic acid have been identified in addition to the well known prostaglandins. These new messengers include the endocannabinoids, which elicit potent modulatory actions in the nervous system. Overall, arachidonate remodeling in the nervous system is clearly engaged in cell function.
Monitoring of seasonal variations in ground temperature at the observation site of Lomonosov MSU (2023)

The paper considers the problem of monitoring seasonal variations of ground temperature in northern and mountainous areas in the light of ongoing climate changes. To study seasonal variations of ground temperature, a model site of the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory was used with the ability to monitor air temperature, snow cover thickness, and ground freezing temperature and depth, which was a prototype of a system for monitoring the state of permafrost soils used in the Arctic and mountain territories. The paper presents the results of monitoring seasonal variations of ground temperature based on the results of numerical modelling of the propagation of seasonal fluctuations of ground temperature in 2014-2017 in MATLAB environment which are in good agreement with the thermometry data and, therefore, the developed calculation scheme shows fairly good simulation results. This makes it possible to use the calculation scheme to assess the thermal state of frozen grounds and the stability of foundations and buildings and linear constructions located on them in the conditions of the North and mountainous territories. Therefore, the presented methodology can serve as a good help for monitoring and preventing the destruction of the observed structures in the conditions of climate warming.
Evidence for Large Complex Networks of Plant Short Silencing RNAs (2010)

Together our results provide good evidence for the existence of a large, robust ssRNA interaction network with distinct regulatory function. Such a network could have a massive effect on the regulation of gene expression via mediation of transcript levels.
Authentication mechanisms in grid computing environment: Comparative study (2012)

For the reason that grid resources are valuable, access is usually limited, based on the requested resource and the requesting user's identity. Authentication in distributed systems like grid computing environment is the first defense line before other security aspects; authorization, confidentiality, integrity and auditing. The main grid authentication mechanisms challenges are single sign-on, secure credential repositories, and cross-domain authentication. This paper presents a comparative study of various authentication mechanisms in grid computing environment to investigate their pros and cons. Such analysis is particularly relevant for those seeking an intensive assessment to appropriate grid authentication mechanisms.
Influence of camera properties on image analysis in visual tunnel surveillance (2005)

CCTV and image analysis systems for automatic incident detection are major tools in tunnel safety management. This paper presents results of a feasibility study called VITUS-1. Among others, one aim of VITUS-I was to compare image analysis methods for robust object detection, tracking and incident detection. Image quality improvements were shown by using digital camera technology instead of state-of-the-art analogue CCTV. To improve image quality and robustness of existing image analysis methods, requirements on several camera properties were defined. We want to sensitise primarily tunnel operators and tunnel CCTV experts that commercial image analysis systems usually do not claim such requirements, e.g. requirements on resolution. This paper shows with a simple camera model that a robust detection of test objects is hardly feasible with typical tunnel CCTV (PAL resolution, 20/spl deg/ viewing angle, 212m camera distance). As a consequence, the specifications of tunnel CCTV should be adjusted to the needs of image analysis systems. Simple experiments with real video data show the applicability of the camera model.
High-level design for FPGA-based multiprocessor accelerators (2011)

1 S.
Functional dissection of the serological DR LYGUE and genotypic DRB1*1303 specificities using a tetanus toxin‐specific T‐cell clone (1993)

The DRB1 sequence of the homozygous cell line HAG (DR13-DwHAG-DQ7) represents a new DRB allele assigned DRB1*1103, whereas its DRB3 sequence corresponds to the previously described DRB3*0101 (DR52a) allele. The DRB1*1303 gene product is undetectable by current sera used in routine serology typing. We report here direct evidence that the MHC molecule encoded by the DRB1*1303 gene is functional in antigen presentation and in T-cell restriction. We describe a T-cell clone specific for tetanus toxin whose restriction pattern strictly follows the DRB1*1303 allele, as defined by oligonucleotide typing. It also follows the serologic reactivity with the serum LYGUE and also the DwHAG MLC-defined specificity pattern, with one exception. The potential functional sites for the DRB1*1303 gene product involved in T-cell restriction were deduced from sequence comparisons between DRB1*1303 and closely related DRB1 alleles. The relevant as substitutions were located within close proximity to each other on the HLA class II structural model. Our results demonstrate that 1) DRB1*1303 is functional in antigen presentation and T-cell restriction 2) the functional region involved in antigen presentation and T-cell restriction by DRB1*1303 can be defined structurally.
Advantages of a Synthetic Peptide Immunogen Over a Protein Immunogen in the Development of an Anti‐Pilus Vaccine for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2009)

The type IV pilus is an important adhesin in the establishment of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have previously reported on a synthetic peptide vaccine targeting the receptor-binding domain of the main structural subunit of the pilus, PilA. The receptor-binding domain is a 14-residue disulfide loop at the C-terminal end of the pilin protein. The objective of this study was to compare the immunogenicity of a peptide-conjugate to a protein subunit immunogen to determine which was superior for use in an anti-pilus vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunized with the native PAK strain pilin protein and a synthetic peptide of the receptor-binding domain conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin. A novel pilin protein with a scrambled receptor-binding domain was used to characterize receptor-binding domain-specific antibodies. The titres against the native pilin of the animals immunized with the synthetic peptide-conjugate were higher than the titres of animals immunized with the pilin protein. In addition, the affinities of anti-peptide sera for the intact pilin receptor-binding domain were significantly higher than affinities of anti-pilin protein sera. These results have significant implications for vaccine design and show that there are significant advantages in using a synthetic peptide-conjugate over a subunit pilin protein for an anti-pilus vaccine.
Interactions between K+ and NH4+: effects on ion uptake by rice roots (1996)

ABSTRACT Interactive effects of K + and N (principally NH 4 + ) on plant growth and ion uptake were investigated using hydroponically grown rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. M202) seedlings by varying the availability of NH 4 + or NO 3 − and K + during an 18d growth period, a 3d pretreatment period and during flux measurements. Plants grew best in media containing 100 mmol m −3 NH 4 + and 200mmolm −3 K + (N100/K200), followed by N2/K200 &lt; N100/K2 &lt; N2/K2. 86 Rb + (K + ) fluxes were increased by exposure to N during the 18 d growth period and the 3 d of pretreatment, but decreased by the presence of NH 4 + during flux measurements. This inhibition was a function of prior N/K provision and the [NH 4 + ] 0 present during flux determinations. NH 4 + was least inhibitory to 86Rb + (K + ) influx in high‐N/low‐K plants. Pretreatments with K + failed to stimulate NH 4 + uptake, and the presence of K + in the uptake solutions reduced NH 4 + fluxes only in high‐N/low‐K plants.
Deformable Shape Priors in Chan-Vese Segmentation of Image Sequences (2007)

In this paper we propose a new method for variational segmentation of image sequences containing nonrigid, moving objects. The method is based on the Chan-Vese model augmented with a novel frame-to-frame interaction term, which allow us to update the segmentation result from one image frame to the next using the previous segmentation result as a shape prior. The interaction term is constructed to be pose-invariant and to allow moderate deformations in shape. It can handle the appearance of occlusions which otherwise can make segmentation fail. The performance of the model is illustrated with experiments on synthetic and real image sequences.
Interface characterization of XUV multilayer reflectors using HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) and x-ray and XUV reflectance (1990)

We have examined the structure of XUV multilayer coatings using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Using a variety of techniques, we have measured the interface widths and the interface topography from the digitized TEM images, and have compared these results to x-ray and XUV reflectance measurements. We find that the structural parameters measured from the TEM images and those deduced from reflectance are consistent in light of the probable systematic errors associated with the measurement and interpretation techniques. 14 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.
Animal Models (2007)

Animal models for cryptosporidiosis are required for the generation of oocysts, the exogenous infectious forms used for laboratory investigations, and models in which to perform such studies. Curiously, despite the availability of several sensitive models such as the INF- knockout mouse, most investigators use either the neonatal, or the immunosuppressed mouse. A review of the literature shows that most animal models are used for the evaluation of compounds for inhibitory activities against cryptosporidiosis. Although several sensitive rodent models have been developed, standardized, and optimized, the majority of investigators, presumably for reasons of availability and costs, continue to use either the neonatal mouse or the immunosuppressed adult mouse, which have major limitations. The ideal immunocompromised animal model should allow a rapid and consistent establishment of persistent infection in adult animals; require a low-to-moderate infectious dose; and generate a profound watery diarrhea, dehydration, malabsorption, weight loss, and emaciation.
A convenient scheme for coupling a finite element curvilinear mesh to a finite element voxel mesh: application to the heart (2006)

The described method produces reasonably accurate results and may be best suited for problems where computational speed and convenience have a higher priority than very high levels of accuracy.
Regulated Secretion in Platelets: Identification of Elements of the Platelet Exocytosis Machinery (1997)

To further characterize the molecular mechanisms of platelet function, we have sought to identify some of the proteins that mediate the secretory events of the platelet release reaction. We report that platelets contain the general elements of the membrane transport apparatus: N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF), p115/transcytosis-associated protein (p115/TAP), and the soluble NSF attachment proteins (alpha- and, gamma-SNAP). The cDNAs encoding two of these proteins, alpha- and gamma-SNAP, have been cloned from a human platelet-derived cDNA library. Platelet membrane extracts possess SNAP receptor (SNARE) activity, suggesting that the class of proteins (SNAREs) proposed to provide the specificity for vesicle docking and membrane fusion are present in platelets. To identify these proteins, we have used specific antibodies against known SNAREs to probe platelet extracts. Syntaxin 2 and 4 can be readily detected in platelet membrane preparations and are shown to participate in 20 S complex formation. Syntaxin 1, 3, and 5 could not be detected. Other known SNARE and SNARE-associated proteins such as vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin 2, SNAP-25, synaptophysin, or synaptotagmin I could not be immunochemically detected in platelet membrane preparations. The presence of both the general transport proteins (NSF and SNAPs) and specific transport proteins (syntaxin 2 and 4) indicates that platelet exocytosis uses a molecular mechanism similar to other secretory cells such as neurons. However, the subcellular concentrations of these proteins suggest that, unlike neuronal secretion, granule-to plasma membrane docking may be the limiting step in platelet exocytosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Carborane‐Containing Organophosphorus Compounds. Synthesis and Properties (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The first report of the crystal structure of non-solvated μ-oxo boron subphthalocyanine and the crystal structures of two solvated forms (2012)

The first instance of the solvent-free X-ray determined single-crystal structure of the oxygen-bridged boron subphthalocyanine dimer [μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2), C(48)H(24)B(2)N(12)O] is reported. Single crystals obtained by train sublimation were found to have μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2) organized into a C2/c space group. The crystal structure obtained by sublimation is of particular interest as it is highly symmetric and also of notably high density when compared with other BsubPc crystals. The acquisition of this crystal structure came about from the direct chemical synthesis of μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2) followed by a work-up which culminated in obtaining the single crystals by sublimation. Several methods for the direct chemical synthesis of μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2) were also investigated each using dichlorobenzene as the solvent. On standing, these reaction mixtures produced a crystal of the dichlorobenzene (DCB) solvate of μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2) [μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2)·2DCB]. It is also reported that the conversion of bromo-boron subphthalocyanine (Br-BsubPc) to μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2) happens on train sublimation which resulted in the acquisition of a partially hydrated crystal [μ-oxo-(BsubPc)(2)·0.25H(2)O].
Disorders of the thyroid gland (2015)

Introduction Thyroid disease encompasses a wide variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, nutritional and neoplastic pathologies. Although the disease states are defined using well-established criteria, there is a usually a continuum of change within the spectrum ranging from a normal thyroid (structurally and physiologically) to the extremes of disease phenotypes. Understanding where an individual patient lies in this spectrum and initiating an optimal management plan requires a detailed knowledge of the basic sciences and pathophysiology of thyroid disease.
CLiDE Pro: The Latest Generation of CLiDE, a Tool for Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (2009)

We present CLiDE Pro, the latest version of the output of the long-term CLiDE project for the development of tools for automatic extraction of chemical information from the literature. CLiDE Pro is concerned with the extraction of chemical structure and generic structure information from electronic images of chemical molecules available online as well as pages of scanned chemical documents. The information is extracted in three phases, first the image is segmented into text and graphical regions, then graphical regions are analyzed and where possible the connection tables are reconstructed, and finally any generic structures are interpreted by matching R-groups found in structure diagrams with the ones located in the text. The program has been tested on a large set of images of chemical structures originating from various sources. The results demonstrate good performance in the reconstruction of connection tables with few errors in the interpretation of the individual drawing features found in the structure diagrams. This full test set is presented for use in the validation of other similar systems.
Modeling the effect of head drag reduction for a cylinder with a protruding disk at high mach numbers (2014)

Various approaches to modeling super- and hypersonic turbulent airflow past cylindrical bodies with a nontraditional nose in the form of a protruding rod-supported disk have been compared. Aeroballistic experiments on a light-gas propulsion setup were combined with wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations using VP2/3 program package based on multiblock computational techniques and a model of shear stress transport with flow-line curvature corrections. The phenomenon of the head and wave drag reduction for the stepped body is analyzed at high Mach numbers (up to 10) and variation of the supporting rod length under conditions of existence of the frontal flow separation zone.
The Replication Initiation Protein Sld3/Treslin Orchestrates the Assembly of the Replication Fork Helicase during S Phase (2015)

The initiation of DNA replication is a highly regulated process in eukaryotic cells, and central to the process of initiation is the assembly and activation of the replication fork helicase. The replication fork helicase is comprised of CMG (Cdc45, Mcm2-7, and GINS) in eukaryotic cells, and the mechanism underlying assembly of the CMG during S phase was studied in this article. We identified a point mutation of Sld3 that is specifically defective for Mcm3 and Mcm5 interaction (sld3-m10), and also identified a point mutation of Sld3 that is specifically defective for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) interaction (sld3-m9). Expression of wild-type levels of sld3-m9 resulted in a severe DNA replication defect with no recruitment of GINS to Mcm2-7, whereas expression of wild-type levels of sld3-m10 resulted in a severe replication defect with no Cdc45 recruitment to Mcm2-7. We propose a model for Sld3-mediated control of replication initiation, wherein Sld3 manages the proper assembly of the CMG during S phase. We also find that the biochemical functions identified for Sld3 are conserved in human Treslin, suggesting that Treslin orchestrates assembly of the CMG in human cells.
Compact demultiplexing of optical vortices by means of diffractive transformation optics (2016)

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light have been recently considered in new mode-division multiplexing techniques in order to increase the bandwidth of today’s optical networks. Many optical architectures have been presented and exploited in order to sort the different OAM channels. Here we present a diffractive version of the sorting technique based on log-pol optical transformation and we further improve the miniaturization level by integrating the two components into a single diffractive optical element. Samples have been fabricated with high-resolution electronbeam lithography and characterized in the optical range. The presented design is promising for integration into nextgeneration optical platforms performing optical processing of OAM modes, for applications both in free-space and optical fibers.
Quality of Life Index for Patients with Cancer (1983)

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring the quality of life of cancer patients. Quality of life was measured with 14 linear analogue scale items concerning general physical condition, normal activities, and personal attitudes on general quality of life. The tool was tested with four subject groups: oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy (43) or radiation therapy (39), oncology inpatients receiving chemotherapy (48), and nonpatient volunteers (48). Test-retest reliability coefficients for these samples ranged from r = .11 to .97, with 52 of the 56 possible r's greater than .60, p less than .01; internal consistency was .88, p less than .01. Construct and discriminant validity were indicated, while concurrent validity between quality of life scores and physician estimates of Karnofsky ratings, prognosis, and quality of life were poor.
A Prospective Analysis of the Contralateral Hip Among Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement: What Are the Risk Factors for Disease Progression? (2018)

Approximately 1 in 4 patients with FAI presents with symptoms in the contralateral hip, and an additional 1 in 4 patients develops significant symptoms in the following 4 years. Several factors, including low activity level, less hip rotational motion, and decreased head-neck offset ratio, were significantly associated with the development of symptoms, while the alpha angle and crossover sign were not.
The Practical Aspects in the Determination of Membrane Properties for Gas Permeation (2016)

Membrane-based pressure driven processes have been widely studied and have been used in a myriad of applications. The objective of the characterization of membranes in which gas sorption obeys Henry's law is to determine the solubility S and diffusivity D of the membrane. The time-lag method, developed by Daynes One of the important assumptions of the time-lag method is that the amount of permeate gas accumulating in the downstream receiver is small enough to have a negligible effect on the driving force. To better satisfy this assumption, it was claimed that a capacity parameter (related to the receiver volume) should be small enough Nevertheless, due to the existence of measurement noise in experimental data, the accurate determination of the time lag is difficult and a small capacity parameter will intensify the effect of noise. The accuracy of the estimated time lag is also influenced by the noise level and the data analysis procedure. An alternative to obtain the membrane properties is to fit the variation of the pressure change in the downstream reservoir as a function of time using the nonlinear regression method By minimizing the sum of squares of the differences between the experimental data and the predictions from the numerical model, the best combinations of the membrane properties can be obtained. The latter method also allows using the real rather than ideal boundary conditions at the membrane interfaces.
Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic-Wave Absorber for IEEE 802.15.3d (2022)

A 300-GHz band is a promising frequency band for ultra-high-speed future wireless communication. To realize it, a method using an electromagnetic-wave (EM-wave) absorber has been desired to suppress the cavity resonance of a transceiver module and to increase reliability. In this paper, we show an ultra-wideband EM-wave absorber for IEEE Standard 802.15.3d.