gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saving of Water and Chemicals in Tanning Industry by Membrane Processes (1999)

Some results on pressure-driven membrane operations able to improve chromium recovery from spent chromium tanning baths and to desalinate water discharged from filterpress after Cr(III) precipitation are reported. Nanofiltration was employed to concentrate chromium(III) using a spiral-wound module. Chromium concentration and COD in permeate were respectively about zero and 2–3 g/l as compared to initial feed values of 2.8 and 5.2 g/l; the high chloride concentration in the permeate suggested to reuse this solution in the pickling step saving fresh water and salts. The concentrate solution presented a higher chromium purification with respect to initial feed. It was tested in retanning, and after further concentration by chemical precipitation-dissolution method, in tanning operations. Chemical and physical analyses on leather treated with these solutions showed similar characteristics with respect to use of traditional chromium solution. Reverse osmosis was employed to reduce the high salt content in waste water from filter pressing of chromium hydroxide panels. Good rejection of reverse osmosis membrane to chloride and sulphate ions suggested the use of this operation for obtaining water, to be used in washings, or to sent to biological treatment of final waste water.
Melatonin's protective action against ischemic neuronal damage is associated with up‐regulation of the MT2 melatonin receptor (2010)

Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant and has protective effects against ischemic damage. In the present study, we examined the relationship between the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and the activation of MT2 melatonin receptor in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after transient cerebral ischemia. MT2 immunoreactivity and protein levels were increased in the CA1 after ischemic damage. Most of MT2-immunoreactive cells were colocalized with astrocytes, not microglia, in the ischemic CA1. In the melatonin-sham group, MT2 immunoreaction and protein levels were increased compared with the sham group, and MT2 immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the melatonin-ischemia group were similar to those in the melatonin-sham group. In addition, melatonin treatment attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia. These results indicate that MT2 are increased and expressed in astrocytes in the ischemic region after an ischemic insult. The activation of MT2 melatonin receptor in the CA1 after melatonin treatment may be involved in the neuroprotective effect associated with melatonin after ischemic injury.
Translating A2Aantagonist KW6002 from animal models to parkinsonian patients (2003)

Improving the translation of novel findings from basic laboratory research to better therapies for neurologic disease constitutes a major challenge for the neurosciences. This brief review of aspects of the development of an adenosine A2A antagonist for use in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD) illustrates approaches to some of the relevant issues. Adenosine A2A receptors, highly expressed on striatal medium spiny neurons, signal via kinases whose aberrant activation has been linked to the appearance of parkinsonian signs after dopaminergic denervation and to the motor response complications produced by dopaminomimetic therapy. To assess the ability of A2A receptor blockade to normalize certain of these kinases and thus benefit motor dysfunction, the palliative and prophylactic effects of the selective antagonist KW6002 were first evaluated in rodent and primate models. In hemiparkinsonian rats, KW6002 reversed the intermittent L-dopa treatment-induced, protein kinase A-mediated hyperphosphorylation of striatal alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid receptor GluR1 S845 residues and the concomitant shortening in motor response duration. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned monkeys, coadministration of KW6002 with daily apomorphine injections acted prophylactically to prevent dyskinesia onset. These and related preclinical observations guided the design of a limited, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the A2A antagonist in patients with moderately advanced PD. Although KW6002 alone or in combination with a steady-state IV infusion of optimal-dose L-dopa had no effect on parkinsonian severity, the drug potentiated the antiparkinsonian response to low-dose L-dopa with fewer dyskinesias than produced by optimal-dose L-dopa alone. KW6002 also safely prolonged the efficacy half-time of L-dopa. The results suggest that drugs capable of selectively blocking adenosine A2A receptors could confer therapeutic benefit to L-dopa-treated parkinsonian patients and warrant further evaluation in phase II studies. They also illustrate a strategy for successfully bridging a novel approach to PD therapy from an evolving research concept to pivotal clinical trials.
Decision fusion for improved automatic license plate recognition (2009)

Abstract: Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) is a pattern recognition application of great importance for access, traffic surveillance and law enforcement. Therefore many studies are concentrated on creating new algorithms or improving their performance. Many authors have presented algorithms that are based on individual methods such as skeleton features, neural networks or template matching for recognizing the license plate symbols. In this paper we present a novel approach for decisional fusion of several recognition methods, as well as new classification features. The classification results are proven to be significantly better than those obtained for each method considered individually. For better results, syntax corrections are also considered. Several trainable and non-trainable decisional fusion rules have been taken into account, evidencing each of the classification methods at their best. Experimental results are shown, the results being very encouraging by obtaining a symbol good recognition rate (GRC) of more than 99.4 % on a real license plate database.
Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of canola oil using palladium (1986)

Abstract The hydrogenation of canola oil was studied using palladium black as a potential catalyst for producing partially hydrogenated fats with low trans ‐isomer content. Pressure (150‐750 psig) appeared to have the largest effect on trans ‐isomer formation. At 750 psig, 90 C and 560 ppm metal concentration, a maximum of 18.7% trans isomers was obtained at IV 53. A nickel catalyst produces about 50% rans isomers at the same IV. For palladium black, the linolenate and linoleate selectivities were 1.2 and 2.7, respectively. The maximum level of trans isomers observed ranged from 18.7% to 42.8% (150 psig). Temperature (30‐90 C) and catalyst concentration (80‐560 ppm) affected the reaction rate with little effect on trans ‐isomer formation and selectivities. At 250 psig and 50 C, supported palladium (5% Pd/C) appeared to be twice as active as palladium black. At 560 ppm Pd, 5% Pd/C produced 30.2% trans (IV 67.5), versus 19.0% trans for palladium black (IV 68.9). Respective linoleate selectivities were 15 and 6.6, while linolenate selectivities were approximately unity. Analysis of the oil samples by neutron activation showedapproximately a 1 ppm, Pdresidue after filtration.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of cyclometallated platinum complexes with substituted thienylpyridines (2009)

Synthesis of various derivatives of 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine via substituted 3-thienyl-1,2,4-triazines is reported. The final step of the synthesis is a transformation of the triazine ring to pyridine in an aza-Diels-Alder-type reaction. The resulting 5-aryl-2-(2-thienyl)pyridines (HL1-HL4) and 5-aryl 2-(2-thienyl)cyclopenteno[c]pyridines (HL5-HL8) (with aryl = phenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-naphtyl, and 2-thienyl) were used as cyclometallating ligands to prepare a series of eight luminescent platinum complexes of the type [Pt(L)(acac)] (L = cyclometallating ligand, acac = acetylacetonato). X-ray single crystal structures of three complexes of that series, [Pt(L5(acac)] = [Pt(5-phenyl-2-(2-thienyl)cyclopenteno[c]pyridine)(acac)], [Pt(L6)(acac)] = [Pt(5-(4methoxy)-2-(2thienyl)cyclopenteno[c]pyridine)(acac)], and [Pt(L7)(acac)] = [Pt(5-(2-naphtyl)-2-(2-thienyl) cyclopenteno[c]pyridine)(acac)] were determined. Photoluminescence and electronic absorption spectra of the new [Pt(L)(acac)] complexes are reported. For two representative compounds of that series, [Pt(L4)(acac)] and [Pt(L5)(acac)], a detailed photophysical characterization based on highly resolved emission and excitation spectra, as well as on emission decay properties, was carried out. The studies down to low temperature (T = 1.2 K) and up to high magnetic fields (B = 10 T) allowed us to\ncharacterize the three individual substates of the emitting triplet state. In particular, it is shown that the lowest triplet states of [Pt(L4)(acac)] and [Pt(L5)(acac)] are largely ligand-centered (LC) of ³ππ* character, which experience only weak spin-orbit couplings to higher lying singlet states.
<b>IMMUNOREACTIVE SOMATOSTATIN IN THE PINEAL GLAND OF DIFFERENT RODENT SPECIES: CIRCADIAN RHYTHM, EFFECTS OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL , GANGLIONECTOMY, PINEAL INDOLE ADMINISTRATION AND LIGHTING </b><b>CONDITIONS </b> (1984)

Pineal glands from albino rats, Syrian hamsters, Mongolian gerbils, normal random bred mice and Snell dwarf mice have been found to contain measurable levels of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS). The Snell dwarf (79.24i 19. 18 ng IRS/mg protein) and normal mice (37.33 i4.8 ng IRS/mg protein) exhibited the highest concentrations followed by hamsters (4.05i0.93 ng IRS/mg protein), gerbils (3.66i 1.26 ng IRS/mg protein) and rats who had the lowest (2.9i0.56 ng IRS/mg protein). A circadian rhythm of IRS was found to exist in the albino rat pineal with a peak value at the end of the light period (14 h) and a nadir towards the end ofthe dark period (10 h). Neither continuous light for one week, nor bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy was found to exert any effect on pineal IRS concentrations in mice. Likewise, no difference was found in pineal IRS content between male and female mice. Daily injections of 25 pg of melatonin or 5methoxytryptamine (5-MT) for 8 weeks produced no significant changes in pineal IRS levels in male hamsters; however, IRS tended to be higher in the melatonin injected group (277.84i90.3 pg IRS/pineal) than in the control (159.68i53.54 pg IRS/pineal) and 5-MT-treated (91.21 124.98 pg IRS/pineal) animals. It is concluded that IRS is found in the pineal gland of 5 different rodent species and exhibits a circadian rhythm in rats.
High levels of type 2 cytokine-producing cells in chronic fatigue syndrome (2004)

The aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is not known. However, it has been suggested that CFS may be associated with underlying immune activation resulting in a Th2-type response. We measured intracellular production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2; type 1 cytokines), IL-4 (type 2) and IL-10 (regulatory) by both polyclonally stimulated and non-stimulated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from patients with CFS and control subjects by flow cytometry. After polyclonal activation we found evidence of a significant bias towards Th2- and Tc2-type immune responses in CFS compared to controls. In contrast, levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-10-producing cells were similar in both study groups. Non-stimulated cultures revealed significantly higher levels of T cells producing IFN-gamma or IL-4 in CFS patients. Concluding, we show evidence for an effector memory cell bias towards type 2 responsiveness in patients with CFS, as well as ongoing type 0 immune activation in unstimulated cultures of peripheral blood cells.
Self-Organized Pacemakers in a Coupled Reaction-Diffusion-Mechanics System (2005)

Using a computational model of a coupled reaction-diffusion-mechanics system, we find that mechanical deformation can induce automatic pacemaking activity. Pacemaking is shown to occur after a single electrical or mechanical stimulus in an otherwise nonoscillatory medium. We study the mechanisms underpinning this effect and conditions for its existence. We show that self-organized pacemakers drift throughout the medium to approach attractors with locations that depend on the size of the medium, and on the location of the initial stimulus.
Bidentate RNA–magnesium clamps: On the origin of the special role of magnesium in RNA folding (2010)

Magnesium plays a special role in RNA function and folding. Although water is magnesium's most common first-shell ligand, the oxyanions of RNA have significant affinity for magnesium. Here we provide a quantum mechanical description of first-shell RNA-magnesium and DNA-magnesium interactions, demonstrating the unique features that characterize the energetics and geometry of magnesium complexes within large folded RNAs. Our work focuses on bidentate chelation of magnesium by RNA or DNA, where multiple phosphate oxyanions enter the first coordination shell of magnesium. These bidentate RNA clamps of magnesium occur frequently in large RNAs. The results here suggest that magnesium, compared to calcium and sodium, has an enhanced ability to form bidentate clamps with RNA. Bidentate RNA-sodium clamps, in particular, are unstable and spontaneously open. Due to magnesium's size and charge density it binds more intimately than other cations to the oxyanions of RNA, so that magnesium clamps are stabilized not only by electrostatic interactions, but also by charge transfer, polarization, and exchange interactions. These nonelectrostatic components of the binding are quite substantial with the high charge and small interatomic distances within the magnesium complexes, but are less pronounced for calcium due to its larger size, and for sodium due to its smaller charge. Additionally, bidentate RNA clamps of magnesium are more stable than those with DNA. The source of the additional stability of RNA complexes is twofold: there is a slightly attenuated energetic penalty for ring closure in the formation of RNA bidentate chelation complexes and elevated electrostatic interactions between the RNA and cations. In sum, it can be seen why sodium and calcium cannot replicate the structures or energetics of RNA-magnesium complexes.
Regional histologic differences in the long head of the biceps tendon following subpectoral biceps tenodesis in patients with rotator cuff tears and SLAP lesions (2018)

II.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylacetic and 2‐Arylpropionic Acids by Electrocarboxylation of Benzylic Compounds Bearing a Leaving Group Other Than a Halogen. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quaternary ammonium compounds efficiently inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro by impairment of choline transport (1986)

Hemicholinium 3, decamethonium, and decyltrimethylammonium previously have been demonstrated to be efficient inhibitors, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 4 X 10(-6), 10(-6), and 7 X 10(-7) M, respectively. We show that lengthening of the alkyl chain of decyltrimethylammonium by successive additions of two carbon atoms up to hexadecyltrimethylammonium results in a very low 50% inhibitory concentration of 5 X 10(-7) M for dodecyltrimethylammonium. Furthermore, hemicholinium 3 and decamethonium exerted their antiplasmodial activity, regardless of the developmental stage of the parasite, whereas decyltrimethylammonium was particularly lethal for the mature forms. After infected erythrocytes with radioactive choline were supplied, the determination of the water-soluble choline-containing compounds, as well as the assay of choline kinase activity, showed that the specific inhibition of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is related to the impairment of choline entry into erythrocytes. Thus, the impairment of the transport of choline, a natural polar head group of phospholipids, appears to be lethal for Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and could be a reasonable approach for a new malaria chemotherapy.
SYNTHETIC TUBERCULOSTATS. I. PYRIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHETIC TUBERCULOSTATS. I. PYRIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVESH. HERBERT FOXCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 4, 542–546Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01138a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01138a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association between tear and blood glucose concentrations: Random intercept model adjusted with confounders in tear samples negative for occult blood (2020)

It is important to eliminate the tear samples contaminated with blood. Tear glucose monitoring might be a reliable and non-invasive substitute method for monitoring the blood glucose concentrations for diabetes patients, irrespective of glycated hemoglobin levels and timing of sample collection.
KOOL: A K-based Object-Oriented Language (2006)

This paper documents KOOL, a dynamic, object-oriented language designed using the K framework. The KOOL language includes many features available in mainstream object-oriented languages, including such features as runtime type inspection and exceptions. Since the language is currently changing, this should be seen as a snapshot of the language at this point in time.
An Experiment in Software Development Risk Information (1995)

The following report summarizes the results of an experiment that uses terminological structures derived from the application of knowledge summarization, analysis, and visualization (K-SAV) technology to textual data from the Software Engineering Risk Repository (SERR) resident at the Software Engineering Institute. This study evaluates the use of several tools including shared word clustering and a co-word analysis software program, leximappe. The experiment seeks to determine whether an application of co-word analysis to baseline risk assessment data would enable a reduction of the information load while simultaneously providing a succinct but encompassing picture of the risk information within the program. This study is based upon a somewhat limited data set. Nevertheless, the results of this investigation are encouraging and suggest that there may be value and potential for the effective use of co-word analysis and K-SAV technology more generally in risk management. Additional investigations are underway to confirm, alter, or challenge the results.
Selective accumulation of a new antineoplastic agent, K-18 (human immunoglobulin conjugated melphalan), in Ehrlich carcinoma transplanted in mice. (1992)

The absorption of K-18 (human IgG conjugated melphalan) through the intestine and its selective accumulation in the tumor were studied. After oral administration of 14C-melphalan and 14C-K-18 to ICR mice with subcutaneously transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma, K-18 was detected at the tumor site by autoradiogram after 48 hrs, but melphalan was not. Immunofluorescence study showed that orally administered K-18 was absorbed from the intestine via both the portal and the lymphatic route. Moreover, immunoperoxidase staining revealed K-18 in cytoplasm of tumor cells, but not in bone marrow cells. These results demonstrate the absorption of K-18 from the intestine after oral administration and its selective affinity for tumor tissue.
Anti‐MAG antibody and antibody complexes (1985)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measuring isotype-specific antibodies to the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was developed using radiolabeled CNS MAG in a double-antibody precipitation system. Anti-MAG activity was detected by RIA only in patients with neuropathy and anti-MAG M proteins. Anti-MAG IgM or IgG antibodies were not detected in serum of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic relapsing polyneuritis, or multiple sclerosis (MS). Some patients with anti-MAG IgM M proteins also had complexes of IgG or IgA bound to the M protein. In one patient, anti-CNS MAG activity was detected by RIA, but not by ELISA or immunoblot. Anti-MAG antibody activity in patients with neuropathy seems to be isotypically restricted, and there is no evidence for antibody reactivity to MAG in other demyelinating diseases.
Ragweed-specific antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and serum before and after segmental lung challenge: IgE and IgA associated with eosinophil degranulation (1998)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Background: Migration of eosinophils and release of eosinophil degranulation products into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is a consistent finding in studies of late responses to allergen challenge in the lung. However, the mechanism of eosinophil activation and release of eosinophil products in vivo is unclear. Objective: We investigated the hypothesis that antigen-specific IgG, IgA, secretory IgA, or IgE is responsible for the eosinophil activation observed in the late-phase pulmonary reaction. Methods: Ragweed-specific IgE, IgA, secretory IgA, and IgG were measured by monoclonal antibody–based immunoassays in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in serum from 19 asthmatic subjects allergic to ragweed and six healthy nonallergic control subjects before and 20 hours after segmental lung challenge with ragweed extract. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was also measured in BAL fluid as a marker of eosinophil activation. Results: Most allergic asthmatic subjects had detectable levels of ragweed-specific IgE, IgA, and IgG in their serum and BAL fluid, whereas normal subjects had ragweed-specific IgA with no ragweed-specific IgE and little ragweed-specific IgG. IgA was the dominant ragweed-specific antibody isotype in BAL fluids. Ragweed-specific sIgA (<i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and IgA (<i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.50, <i>p</i> = 0.03) in BAL fluid after segmental lung challenge were significantly correlated with ECP. Ragweed-specific IgE and IgA in serum also correlated with ECP (<i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.74, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>r<sub>s</sub></i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: The correlation of allergen-specific IgA and IgE antibody levels with ECP as a marker of eosinophil degranulation suggests an important role for IgE antibodies in allergic pulmonary inflammation and a potential role for antigen-specific IgA in eosinophil degranulation in the lung after antigen challenge. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:265-73.)