gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Optimization for Non-Linear Behavior Using Equivalent Static Loads (I) (2005)

Nonlinear Response Optimization using Equivalent Static Loads (NROESL) method/algorithm is proposed to perform optimization of non-linear response structures. The conventional method spends most of the total design time on nonlinear analysis. The NROESL algorithm makes the equivalent static load cases for each response and repeatedly performs linear response optimization and uses them as multiple loading conditions. The equivalent static loads are defined as the loads in the linear analysis, which generates the same response field as those in non-linear analysis. The algorithm is validated for the convergence and the optimality. The proposed algorithm is applied to a simple mathematical problem to verify the convergence and the optimality.
The Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domains of X11 and FE65 Bind to Distinct Sites on the YENPTY Motif of Amyloid Precursor Protein (1996)

The phosphotyrosine interaction (PI) domains (also known as the PTB, or phosphotyrosine binding, domains) of Shc and IRS-1 are recently described domains that bind peptides phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. The PI/PTB domains differ from Src homology 2 (SH2) domains in that their binding specificity is determined by residues that lie amino terminal and not carboxy terminal to the phosphotyrosine. Recently, it has been appreciated that other cytoplasmic proteins also contain PI domains. We now show that the PI domain of X11 and one of the PI domains of FE65, two neuronal proteins, bind to the cytoplasmic domain of the amyloid precursor protein ((beta)APP). (beta)APP is an integral transmembrane glycoprotein whose cellular function is unknown. One of the processing pathways of (beta)APP leads to the secretion of A(beta), the major constituent of the amyloid deposited in the brain parenchyma and vessel walls of Alzheimer's disease patients. We have found that the X11 PI domain binds a YENPTY motif in the intracellular domain of (beta)APP that is strikingly similar to the NPXY motifs that bind the Shc and IRS-1 PI/PTB domains. However, unlike the case for binding of the Shc PI/PTB domain, tyrosine phosphorylation of the YENPTY motif is not required for the binding of (beta)APP to X11 or FE65. The binding site of the FE65 PI domain appears to be different from that of X11, as mutations within the YENPTY motif differentially affect the binding of X11 and FE65. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified a crucial residue within the PI domain involved in X11 and FE65 binding to (beta)APP. The binding of X11 or FE65 PI domains to residues of the YENPTY motif of (beta)APP identifies PI domains as general protein interaction domains and may have important implications for the processing of (beta)APP.
Thermal Management and Rotordynamic Performance of a Hot Rotor-Gas Foil Bearings System—Part I: Measurements (2011)

Implementation of gas foil bearings (GFBs) into micro gas turbines requires careful thermal management with accurate measurements verifying model predictions. This two-part paper presents test data and analytical results for a test rotor and GFB system operating hot (157°C maximum rotor outer diameter (OD) temperature). Part I details the test rig and measurements of bearing temperatures and rotor dynamic motions obtained in a hollow rotor supported on a pair of second generation GFBs, each consisting of a single top foil (38.14 mm inner diameter) uncoated for high temperature operation and five bump strip support layers. An electric cartridge (maximum of 360°C) loosely installed inside the rotor (1.065 kg, 38.07 mm OD, and 4.8 mm thick) is a heat source warming the rotor-bearing system. While coasting down from 30 krpm to rest, large elapsed times (50–70 s) demonstrate rotor airborne operation, near friction free, and while traversing the system critical speed at ∼13 krpm, the rotor peak motion amplitude decreases as the system temperature increases. In tests conducted at a fixed rotor speed of 30 krpm, while the shaft heats, a cooling gas stream of increasing strength is set to manage the temperatures in the bearings and rotor. The effect of the cooling flow, if turbulent in character, is most distinctive at the highest heater temperature. For operation at a lower heater temperature condition, however, the cooling flow stream demonstrates a very limited effectiveness. The measurements demonstrate the reliable performance of the rotor-GFB system when operating hot. The test results, along with full disclosure on the materials and geometry of the test bearings and rotor, serve to benchmark a predictive tool. A companion paper (Part II) compares the measured bearing temperatures and the rotor response amplitudes to predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Immunotropic Activity of Some 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles. Part 4. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE ORGANIZATION, EXPRESSION, AND EVOLUTION OF ANTIBODY GENES AND OTHER MULTIGENE FAMILIES (1975)

The multigene family is a unit of chromosomal organization. Its gene members are closely linked, homologous in sequence, and have overlapping functions. Multigene families can be divided into three catagories: simple-sequence, multiplicational, and informational-by a variety of structural and functional criteria. Multigene families exhibit two novel evolutionary features-coincidental evolution and rapid change in family size-that suggest that they all share one or more evolutionary mechanisms. Natural selection cannot act directly upon individual genes in a family because of their identical or overlapping functions; hence selection must operate upon the family as a whole or upon blocks of genes within the family. The mechanism(s) for coincidental evolution expands out variant genes within a family so they can be acted upon by natural selection and, accordingly, permits multigene families to evolve adaptively. The control mechanisms in multiplicational families appear to promote the rapid expression of many gene copies. In contrast, the regulatory mechanisms of informational families promote the selection, expression, and amplification of appropriate units of information. The close linkage of the genes in a family appears to be a consequence of the fact that their control and evolutionary mechanisms may only operate on tandemly linked genes. New multigene families may evolve from a single gene or from other multigene families. In addition to evolving new functions, the latter mode of evolution generates a new multigene family whose members are preadapted to interact with those of the old family. These family interactions can lead to the evolution of more sophisticated molecular machines or to the regulation of one family by a second. Multigene families may be large or small. The three catagories of multigene families allow potential multigene families to be identified, and they suggest specific experimental approaches for the study of new families. Some of the most interesting genetic systems under the investigation today are known or potential informational multigene families. This is not fortuitous in that many of the most interesting aspects of phenotype are complex ones with correspondingly complex genetic, evolutionary, and regulatory requirements. One of the frontiers in modern genetics is the identification, characterization, and understanding of informational multigene families.
Mia40 Protein Serves as an Electron Sink in the Mia40-Erv1 Import Pathway (2015)

A redox-regulated import pathway consisting of Mia40 and Erv1 mediates the import of cysteine-rich proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Mia40 is the oxidoreductase that inserts two disulfide bonds into the substrate simultaneously. However, Mia40 has one redox-active cysteine pair, resulting in ambiguity about how Mia40 accepts numerous electrons during substrate oxidation. In this study, we have addressed the oxidation of Tim13 in vitro and in organello. Reductants such as glutathione and ascorbate inhibited both the oxidation of the substrate Tim13 in vitro and the import of Tim13 and Cmc1 into isolated mitochondria. In addition, a ternary complex consisting of Erv1, Mia40, and substrate, linked by disulfide bonds, was not detected in vitro. Instead, Mia40 accepted six electrons from substrates, and this fully reduced Mia40 was sensitive to protease, indicative of conformational changes in the structure. Mia40 in mitochondria from the erv1-101 mutant was also trapped in a completely reduced state, demonstrating that Mia40 can accept up to six electrons as substrates are imported. Therefore, these studies support that Mia40 functions as an electron sink to facilitate the insertion of two disulfide bonds into substrates.
Synthesis of Novel Piperonal Derivatives and Evaluation of their Anticonvulsant Activity using A Nanoparticular Formulation (2009)

Ancient Chinese medical literature and independent studies indicate that piperine possess anticonvulsant activity and demonstrates a high degree of safety. A similarity was also demonstrated with synthetic piperine derivatives as well. In this study, chalcones and Schiffs bases of piperonal with different any methyl ketones, and aromatic primary amines were synthesized using conventional and microwave-irradiation methods. Purification of these compounds was effected by recrystallization from alcohol and characterized by NMR and IR spectra. The synthesized compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant activity using a 4-aminopyridine induced model with the help of a conventional and a current nanoparticular formulation approach. A drug delivery system methodology in the form of nanoparticles for screening was adopted because it has more advantages when compared to conventional formulations in drug discovery stages. Nanoparticle formulations encapsulating selected synthesized compounds were prepared using solvent evaporation technique by taking polycaprolactone as the polymer. Few piperonal synthesized derivatives demonstrated anticonvulsant activity which was lesser than the standard phenytoin. Unfortunately, nanoparticular formulations prepared in this current study encapsulating selected synthesized compounds did not show any activity, suggesting more work is needed to demonstrate positive results.
Target‐katalysierte Transferreaktionen für den signalverstärkten RNA‐Nachweis (2008)

Ein starkes Signal: Der RNA-katalysierte Transfer eines Biotin-Reporters wurde genutzt, um das Signal eines Enzym-basierten Nucleinsäurenachweises zu verstärken und so dessen Empfindlichkeit zu erhöhen. Die Effizienz der Kombination aus Vorverstärkung und kovalentem Anbinden des Biotin-Reporters belegt der Nachweis von 500 attomol einer HIV-RNA-Sequenz. Auch die Abhängigkeit der Transferreaktion von der Flexibilität am Reaktionszentrum wurde untersucht. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z801355_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Determinants of mRNA stability in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae: differences in poly(A) tail length, ribosome loading, and mRNA size cannot account for the heterogeneity of mRNA decay rates. (1988)

As an approach to understanding the structures and mechanisms which determine mRNA decay rates, we have cloned and begun to characterize cDNAs which encode mRNAs representative of the stability extremes in the poly(A)+ RNA population of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. The cDNA clones were identified in a screening procedure which was based on the occurrence of poly(A) shortening during mRNA aging. mRNA half-lives were determined by hybridization of poly(A)+ RNA, isolated from cells labeled in a 32PO4 pulse-chase, to dots of excess cloned DNA. Individual mRNAs decayed with unique first-order decay rates ranging from 0.9 to 9.6 h, indicating that the complex decay kinetics of total poly(A)+ RNA in D. discoideum amoebae reflect the sum of the decay rates of individual mRNAs. Using specific probes derived from these cDNA clones, we have compared the sizes, extents of ribosome loading, and poly(A) tail lengths of stable, moderately stable, and unstable mRNAs. We found (i) no correlation between mRNA size and decay rate; (ii) no significant difference in the number of ribosomes per unit length of stable versus unstable mRNAs, and (iii) a general inverse relationship between mRNA decay rates and poly(A) tail lengths. Collectively, these observations indicate that mRNA decay in D. discoideum amoebae cannot be explained in terms of random nucleolytic events. The possibility that specific 3'-structural determinants can confer mRNA instability is suggested by a comparison of the labeling and turnover kinetics of different actin mRNAs. A correlation was observed between the steady-state percentage of a given mRNA found in polysomes and its degree of instability; i.e., unstable mRNAs were more efficiently recruited into polysomes than stable mRNAs. Since stable mRNAs are, on average, "older" than unstable mRNAs, this correlation may reflect a translational role for mRNA modifications that change in a time-dependent manner. Our previous studies have demonstrated both a time-dependent shortening and a possible translational role for the 3' poly(A) tracts of mRNA. We suggest, therefore, that the observed differences in the translational efficiency of stable and unstable mRNAs may, in part, be attributable to differences in steady-state poly(A) tail lengths.
Single dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes: considerations for study design in islet transplantation models (2011)

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) offers a very cost-effective and expeditious technique that can be used in most strains of rodents, opening the field of DM research to an array of genotypic and phenotypic options that would otherwise be inaccessible. Despite widespread use of STZ in small animal models, the data available concerning drug preparation, dosing and administration, time to onset and severity of DM, and any resulting moribundity and mortality are often limited and inconsistent. Because of this, investigators inexperienced with STZ-induced diabetes may find it difficult to precisely design new studies with this potentially toxic chemical and account for the severity of DM it is capable of inducing. Until a better option becomes available, attempts need to be made to address shortcomings with current STZ-induced DM models. In this paper we review the literature and provide data from our pancreatic islet transplantation experiments using single high-dose STZ-induced DM in NCr athymic nude mice with hopes of providing clarification for study design, suggesting refinements to the process, and developing a more humane process of chemical diabetes induction.
Degradation Potential of the Nonylphenol Monooxygenase of Sphingomonas sp. NP5 for Bisphenols and Their Structural Analogs (2020)

The nonylphenol-degrading bacterium <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp. strain NP5 has a very unique monooxygenase that can attack a wide range of 4-alkylphenols with a branched side chain. Due to the structural similarity, it can also attack bisphenolic compounds, which are very important materials for the synthesis of plastics and resins, but many of them are known to or suspected to have endocrine disrupting effects to fish and animals. In this study, to clarify the substrate specificity of the enzyme (NmoA) for bisphenolic compounds, degradation tests using the cell suspension of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> harboring the nonylphenol monooxygenase gene (<i>nmoA</i>) were conducted. The cell suspension degraded several bisphenols including bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylether, and 4,4'-thiodiphenol, indicating that this monooxygenase has a broad substrate specificity for compounds with a bisphenolic structure.
LONG ACTION OF ACTH COATED WITH CELLOPHANE IN RATS (1955)

In view of the fact that ACTH can diffuse through cellophane, pouches of this material were filled with ACTH and implanted subcutaneously into rats in order to investigate whether the expected slow diffusion through the cellophane caused a long lasting action of the hormone. This actually turned out to be the case as is demonstrated by the data presented in this paper.
Myelodysplastic syndrome with trisomy 11 associated with polycythemia vera (1989)

A 52-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who had a prior history of polycythemia vera is reported. Chromosome analysis revealed that the bone marrow and blood cells at the MDS phase contained trisomy of chromosome 11 as the sole cytogenetic change. Trisomy 11 is rarely found in hematologic neoplasia, and all of the reported cases with trisomy 11 were diagnosed as having nonlymphocytic neoplasia. In this report, a correlation between the chromosome change and leukemia/MDS developed in polycythemia vera is discussed.
Identification of post-translationally modified proteins in proteome studies (2001)

Proteome studies are powerful tools to solve many different problems in metabolism, signal transduction, drug discovery, and other areas of interest in life sciences. Up to now, high-sensitive methods for protein identification after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using mass spectrometry are available. However, the identification of post-translational modifications after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is still an unsolved problem. In this paper, we want to give several examples for the successful identification of post-translational modifications and point mutations.
News clustering approach based on discourse text structure (2015)

A web search engine usually returns a long list of documents and it may be difficult for users to navigate through this collection and find the most relevant ones. We present an approach to post-retrieval snippet clustering based on pattern structures construction on augmented syntactic parse trees. Since an algorithm may be too slow for a typical collection of snippets, we propose a reduction method that allows us to construct a reduced pattern structure and make it scalable. Our algorithm takes into account discourse information to make clustering results independent of how information is distributed between sentences.
Synthesis and SAR of New 5-Phenyl-3-ureido-1,5-benzodiazepines as Cholecystokinin-B Receptor Antagonists (2000)

A series of 5-phenyl-3-ureidobenzodiazepine-2,4-diones was synthesized and evaluated as cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor antagonists. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the importance of the N-1 substituent for potent and selective CCK-B affinity. Addition of substituents at the urea side chain provided in some cases more potent compounds. Moreover the introduction of bulky substituents such as adamantylmethyl at N-1 and resolution of the racemic ureas resulted in our lead compound GV150013.
Voltage transients measurements and power line communication (2016)

Power line communication (PLC) connects energy producers with energy consumers. In the European Union stricter guidelines are under development to limit disturbances in the 2-150 kHz frequency range, because devices utilising PLC do not work. This study measured voltage transients in 22 locations and identified sources for noise. Home environments and public buildings were measured. Measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 150 kHz-500 kHz (according to EN 55011 to EN 55022) and in the lower frequency range of 3 kHz to 95 kHz. Results indicate that voltage transients are generated mostly by switching mode power supplies, pumps, rectifiers, inverters and even low quality smart meters. Several of these devices exceeded PLC standard level, 122 dBμV. Additionally we demonstrate that basic power quality recordings do not provide enough information to mitigate PLC problems occurring within microseconds and frequency specific voltage transient measurements are needed.
The 3D [(Cu2Br2){μ-EtS(CH2)4SEt}]n material: a rare example of a coordination polymer exhibiting triplet–triplet annihilation (2016)

EtS(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>SEt, L1, forms with CuI a luminescent 2D polymer [Cu<sub>4</sub>I<sub>4</sub>{μ-L1}<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (CP1), which exhibits no triplet excitation energy migration, but with CuBr, it forms a 3D material (CP2), [(Cu<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>){μ-L1}]<sub>n</sub> consisting of parallel (Cu<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> layers bridged by L1's. CP2 shows T<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>1</sub> annihilation at 298 K but not at 77 K.
Skeletal Rearrangements of Polycyclic α-Ketols (2017)

It has been proposed that prekinamycin and kinobscurinone may biogenetically isomerize to isoprekinamycin and prefluostatin, respectively, through the corresponding bridgehead α-ketol intermediates. In this transformation, the 6-5 ring system is converted into a 5-6 ring system via an α-ketol rearrangement. In this report, the skeletal rearrangement of polycyclic α-ketols inspired by this hypothetical biosynthetic transformation is reported. In addition, an unexpected rearrangement from dibenzo[b]fluorene to benzo[g]chromene is also reported.
Supplementary Methods and Materials, Figure Legends 1-3 from Deletion of the Endothelial Bmx Tyrosine Kinase Decreases Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth (2023)

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The PKC inhibitor AEB071 may be a therapeutic option for psoriasis (2008)

PKC isoforms tau, alpha, and beta play fundamental roles in the activation of T cells and other immune cell functions. Here we show that the PKC inhibitor AEB071 both abolishes the production of several cytokines by activated human T cells, keratinocytes, and macrophages in vitro and inhibits an acute allergic contact dermatitis response in rats. To translate these findings into humans, single and multiple ascending oral doses of AEB071 were administered to healthy volunteers and patients with psoriasis, respectively. AEB071 was well tolerated with no clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities. Ex vivo stimulation of lymphocytes from subjects exposed to single doses of AEB071 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of both lymphocyte proliferation and IL2 mRNA expression. Clinical severity of psoriasis was reduced up to 69% compared with baseline after 2 weeks of treatment, as measured by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. The improvement in psoriasis patients was accompanied by histological improvement of skin lesions and may be partially explained by a substantial reduction of p40+ dermal cells, which are known to mediate psoriasis. These data suggest that AEB071 could be an effective novel treatment regimen for psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases, and that AEB071 warrants long-term studies to establish safety and efficacy.