gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Technique for Quantification of Elemental Hg in Mine Wastes and Its Implications for Mercury Evasion Into the Atmosphere (2010)

Mercury in the environment is of prime concern to both ecosystem and human health. Determination of the molecular-level speciation of Hg in soils and mine wastes is important for understanding its sequestration, mobility, and availability for methylation. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy carried out under ambient P-T conditions has been used in a number of past studies to determine Hg speciation in complex mine wastes and associated soils. However, this approach cannot detect elemental (liquid) mercury in Hg-polluted soils and sediments due to the significant structural disorder of liquid Hg at ambient-temperature. A new sample preparation protocol involving slow cooling through the crystallization temperature of Hg(0) (234 K) results in its transformation to crystalline α-Hg(0). The presence and proportion of Hg(0), relative to other crystalline Hg-bearing phases, in samples prepared in this way can be quantified by low-temperature (77 K) EXAFS spectroscopy. Using this approach, we have determined the relative concentrations of liquid Hg(0) in Hg mine wastes from several sites in the California Coast Range and have found that they correlate well with measured fluxes of gaseous Hg released during light and dark exposure of the same samples, with higher evasion ratios from samples containing higher concentrations of liquid Hg(0). Two different linear relationships are observed in plots of the ratio of Hg emission under light and dark conditions vs % Hg(0), corresponding to silica-carbonate- and hot springs-type Hg deposits, with the hot springs-type samples exhibiting higher evasion fluxes than silica-carbonate type samples at similar Hg(0) concentrations. Our findings help explain significant differences in Hg evasion data for different mine sites in the California Coast Range.
Nanog binds to Smad1 and blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced differentiation of embryonic stem cells (2006)

ES cells represent a valuable model for investigating early embryo development and hold promise for future regenerative medicine strategies. The self-renewal of pluripotent mouse ES cells has been shown to require extrinsic stimulation by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathways and the expression of the transcription factors Oct4 and Nanog. However, the network of interactions among extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of ES cell pluripotency is currently poorly understood. Here, we show that Nanog expression is up-regulated in mouse ES cells by the binding of T (Brachyury) and STAT3 to an enhancer element in the mouse Nanog gene. We further show that Nanog blocks BMP-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with Smad1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active Smad transcriptional complexes. Taken together, our findings illustrate the existence of ES cell-specific regulatory networks that underlie the maintenance of ES cell pluripotency and provide mechanistic insights into the role of Nanog in this process.
The Neurogenic Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor NeuroD6 Confers Tolerance to Oxidative Stress by Triggering an Antioxidant Response and Sustaining the Mitochondrial Biomass (2010)

Preserving mitochondrial mass, bioenergetic functions and ROS (reactive oxygen species) homoeostasis is key to neuronal differentiation and survival, as mitochondria produce most of the energy in the form of ATP to execute and maintain these cellular processes. In view of our previous studies showing that NeuroD6 promotes neuronal differentiation and survival on trophic factor withdrawal, combined with its ability to stimulate the mitochondrial biomass and to trigger comprehensive antiapoptotic and molecular chaperone responses, we investigated whether NeuroD6 could concomitantly modulate the mitochondrial biomass and ROS homoeostasis on oxidative stress mediated by serum deprivation. In the present study, we report a novel role of NeuroD6 as a regulator of ROS homoeostasis, resulting in enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. Using a combination of flow cytometry, confocal fluorescence microscopy and mitochondrial fractionation, we found that NeuroD6 sustains mitochondrial mass, intracellular ATP levels and expression of specific subunits of respiratory complexes upon oxidative stress triggered by withdrawal of trophic factors. NeuroD6 also maintains the expression of nuclear-encoded transcription factors, known to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, such as PGC-1alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1alpha), Tfam (transcription factor A, mitochondrial) and NRF-1 (nuclear respiratory factor-1). Finally, NeuroD6 triggers a comprehensive antioxidant response to endow PC12-ND6 cells with intracellular ROS scavenging capacity. The NeuroD6 effect is not limited to the classic induction of the ROS-scavenging enzymes, such as SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), GPx1 (glutathione peroxidase 1) and PRDX5 (peroxiredoxin 5), but also to the recently identified powerful ROS suppressors PGC-1alpha, PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homologue-induced kinase 1) and SIRT1. Thus our collective results support the concept that the NeuroD6-PGC-1alpha-SIRT1 neuroprotective axis may be critical in co-ordinating the mitochondrial biomass with the antioxidant reserve to confer tolerance to oxidative stress.
Traffic COngestion pattern classification using multi-class SVM (2016)

Searching through and selecting data sets from large traffic databases with sensor information is often a cumbersome manual process. In this paper we present an idea that may dramatically fasten and streamline this process. The idea is to build a fast search index (COSI: COngestion Search engIne) based on meta data in combination with features from the traffic patterns along routes. Instead of ploughing through the raw detector data, COSI makes it possible to search through higher level traffic (congestion) patterns. This paper explores a first step in developing COSI: a method to classify traffic congestion patterns reconstructed with the well known adaptive smoothing method. We demonstrate the method using a preliminary set of loop detector data in the Netherlands. We extract and store individual traffic congestion patterns of these regions as images. We then use SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features) to identify the descriptors vector of each image, and apply the bag-of-features technique to generate low-dimensional representation vectors for them. Finally, we use a multiclass extended SVM algorithm to classify these patterns. The results of the method are presented and a synthesis of the findings is given. We close with some preliminary conclusions and an outlook to the further development of COSI.
Trimerization of NaC2N3 to Na3C6N9 in the Solid:  Ab Initio Crystal Structure Determination of Two Polymorphs of NaC2N3 and of Na3C6N9 from X-ray Powder Diffractometry (2000)

Sodium dicyanamide NaC2N3 was found to undergo two phase transitions. According to thermal analysis and temperature-dependent X-ray powder diffractometry, the transition of alpha-NaC2N3 (1a) to beta-NaC2N3 (1b) occurs at 33 degrees C and is displacive. 1a crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n (no. 14), with a = 647.7(1), b = 1494.8(3), c = 357.25(7) pm, beta = 93.496(1) degrees, and Z = 4. The structure was solved from powder diffraction data (Cu Kalpha1, T = 22 degrees C) using direct methods and it was refined by the Rietveld method. The final agreement factors were wRp = 0.072, Rp = 0.053, and RF = 0.074. 1b crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbnm (no. 62), with a = 650.15(5), b = 1495.1(2), c = 360.50(3) pm, and Z = 4. The structure was refined by the Rietveld method using the atomic coordinates of 1a as starting values (Mo Kalpha1, T = 150 degrees C). The final agreement factors were wRp = 0.044, Rp = 0.034, RF = 0.140. The crystal structures of both polymorphs contain sheets of Na+ and N(CN)2- ions which are in la nearly and in 1b exactly coplanar. Above 340 degrees C, 1b trimerizes in the solid to Na3C6N9 (2). 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n (no. 14), with a = 1104.82(1), b = 2338.06(3), c = 351.616(3) pm, beta = 97.9132(9)degrees, and Z = 4. The structure was solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data (lambda = 59.733 pm) using direct methods and it was refined by the Rietveld method. The final agreement factors were wRp = 0.080, Rp = 0.059, and RF = 0.080. The compound contains Na+ and the planar tricyanomelaminate C6N9(3-). The phase transition from 1b to 2 is reconstructive. It occurs in the solid-state without involvement of other phases or intermediates. The crystal structures of 1b and 2 indicate that there is no preorientation of the N(CN)2- in the solid before their trimerization to C6N9(3-).
Influence of synthesis parameters on crystallization behavior and ionic conductivity of the Li4PS4I solid electrolyte (2021)

Superionic solid electrolytes are key to the development of advanced solid-state Li batteries. In recent years, various materials have been discovered, with ionic conductivities approaching or even exceeding those of carbonate-based liquid electrolytes used in high-performance Li-ion batteries. Among the different classes of inorganic solid electrolytes under study, lithium thiophosphates are one of the most promising due to their high Li-ion conductivity at room temperature and mechanical softness. Here, we report about the effect of synthesis parameters on the crystallization behavior and charge-transport properties of Li<sub>4</sub>PS<sub>4</sub>I. We show that thermally induced crystallization of Li<sub>4</sub>PS<sub>4</sub>I (P4/nmm), starting from the glassy phase 1.5Li<sub>2</sub>S-0.5P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub>-LiI, adversely affects the material's conductivity. However, both conductivity and crystallization temperature can be significantly increased by applying pressure during the preparation.
Microwave tomography in the context of complex breast cancer imaging (2010)

The notion of applying microwave imaging to breast cancer imaging has been studied at various levels by numerous scientists. The earliest appeal of this concept related to the presumably high property contrast between benign and malignant tissue that was unique to the breast. Subsequent published studies have shown that this assumption was overly simplistic and that the tissue property heterogeneity is considerable within the breast. As we have expanded the clinical use of our microwave tomographic system, we are now using this approach to monitor tumor progressions during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In these cases, while we can still characterize and track the tumor progression, we have observed a new phenomenon. Very often these cancer patients exhibit skin thickening near the tumor site. Our images have reconstructed elevated dielectric properties along the breast surface associated with the accompanying edema. These observations further add to the complex nature of breast dielectric properties and the challenges for imaging them using microwave interrogation.
A Scanning Method for the Determination of Printed Wiring Area (1970)

SummaryThe Muirhead-Belin Portable Picture Transmitter can be used to measure the area of metal on a printed wiring board to an accuracy within 2% and the time per determination is less than five minutes.
BAL und Blut: Regulatorische T- Zellen sind vermindert bei CVID Patienten (2011)

Einleitung: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) geht mit einem primären Immunmangelzustand einher, im Rahmen dessen es zu unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Störungen der humoralen und zellvermittelter Immunität kommen kann. Bei CVID Patienten kommt es gehäuft zu Autoimmunität und granulomatösen Entzündungen, die sich an der Lunge als Sarcoid-like-lesions zeigen.
Zur Kenntnis der 2‐Amino‐1,3,4‐oxdiazole, XXVIII. Darstellung und Reaktionen von 4‐Amino‐5‐arylamino‐s‐triazolen (1969)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung von Hydrazinhydrat auf 2‐Arylamino‐5‐alkyl‐1,3,4‐oxdiazole entstehen neben 3‐Alkyl‐4‐aryl‐s‐triazolonen‐(5) 4 die 3‐Alkyl‐4‐amino‐5‐arylamino‐s‐triazole 3 , deren Eigenschaften untersucht werden.
Thermal decomposition of carbonates in fault zones: Slip‐weakening and temperature‐limiting effects (2009)

During an earthquake, the heat generated by fault friction may be large enough to activate the devolatilization of minerals forming the fault rocks. In this paper, we model the mechanical effects of calcite thermal decomposition on the slip behavior of a fault zone during an earthquake. To do so, we introduce the coupled effects of calcite volume loss, heat consumption, and CO 2 production in the theoretical analysis of shear heating and thermal pressurization of pore fluids. We consider a rapidly deforming shear band consisting of a fluid‐saturated carbonate rock. The equations that govern the evolution of pore pressure and temperature inside the band and the mass of emitted CO 2 are deduced from the mass and energy balance of the multiphase‐saturated medium and from the kinetics of the chemical decomposition of calcite. Numerical simulation of seismic slip at depths of 5 to 8 km show that decarbonation has two critical consequences on fault slip. First, the endothermic reaction of calcite decomposition limits the coseismic temperature increase to less than ∼800°C (corresponding to the initiation of the chemical reaction) inside the shear band. Second, the rapid emission of CO 2 by decarbonation significantly increases the slip‐weakening effect of thermal pressurization. The pore pressure reaches a maximum and then decreases due to the reduction of solid volume, causing a restrengthening of shear stress. Our theoretical study shows, on the example of decarbonation, that the thermal decomposition of minerals is an important slip‐weakening process and that a large part of the frictional heat of earthquakes may go into endothermic devolatilization reactions.
The Effect of Refractive Error on Melanopsin-Driven Pupillary Responses (2020)

Repeated light exposures to blue test stimuli resulted in an adaptation in the pupillary response (more constriction and slower redilation), presumably due to increased melanopsin-mediated input in more hyperopic/less myopic adults. This adaptive property supports a possible role for these ganglion cells in the protective effects of time outdoors on myopia development.
On the conduction mechanism in ionic glasses (1999)

Conduction mechanism in ionic glasses is still considered one of the great challenges in physics and chemistry of glasses [A. Bunde, K. Funke, and M. Ingram, Solid State Ionics 105, 1 (1998)]. We show that consequent application of the routine percolation theory leads to the consistent description of most puzzling conduction effects for both direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) conductivity. Moreover, comparison of the theoretical results with experimental data reveals the well-known random-energy model suggested a few decades ago for ionic transport in glasses as a very plausible model. The results provide a general basis for the study of transport phenomena in ionic glasses.
Disabilities resulting from traffic injuries in Barcelona, Spain: 1-year incidence by age, gender and type of user (1998)

The purpose of this study was to examine the 1-year incidence of disabilities resulting from traffic injuries among the population of Barcelona (Spain), as well as its distribution by age, gender and type of motor-vehicle user, taking into account different exposure criteria. This is a population-based cross-sectional study; subjects were all cases (n = 4080) having undergone a medical examination for a traffic injury having occurred in 1993 resulting in a disability among residents in the area of Barcelona. Subjects were considered to have suffered a disability as a result of an injury if they were prevented from carrying out their normal activities for a period of 2 days or more. In 1993, the cumulative incidence rate of disability was 237.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, higher for men (287.1) than for women (193.9). The 20-24 year age group showed the highest incidence of disability (607.5). The rate of incidence of disability was 95.5 per 100,000 inhabitants among occupants of two wheeled vehicles, 87.7 among car occupants and 39.9 in pedestrians. When length of exposure to traffic was taken into account, the incidence rate of disability for residents aged > 14 years was 1.09 per 100,000 hours per person per year, similar for both sexes. This study represents a first attempt to use population-based health data to evaluate the incidence of disabilities due to traffic injuries. The results allow the identification of the groups with the greatest risk and who contribute the most to disabilities resulting from injuries, especially young users of two-wheeled motor vehicles.
Validation Evidence from using Generalizability Theory in a Basic-Science Course (2021)

G-Theory provided reliability critical validation evidence towards high-stakes decision-making. Final course-grades appeared quite reliable after combining multiple course exams-though this reliability could and should be improved. Notably, more exam occasions allowed fewer items per exam and fewer items over all the exams. Thus, one added benefit of more exam occasions for educators is developing fewer items per exam and fewer items over all exams.
Takayasu's arteritis involving proximal pulmonary arteries and mimicking thromboembolic disease. (1999)

The pulmonary manifestations of Takayasu's arteritis (TA) are frequently overshadowed by the systemic circulation involvement. We describe a patient who presented with life threatening complications of unrecognized proximal pulmonary arterial disease that mimicked thromboembolic disease. We review the literature on pulmonary involvement in TA, and discuss the use of imaging studies in this disease.
Bellidea - A living lab to co‐design a smartphone app promoting sustainable individual mobility patterns (2017)

For the past years, the City of Bellinzona (Canton Ticino) has been devoting considerable efforts to reduce individual car use and to favour diffusion of public transport and slow mobility, especially by allocating funds for new cycling infrastructures and improved bus/train interchanges. Although necessary to promote a change in the dominant mobility patterns, however such structural and regulatory tools are not sufficient tomake a change. Acknowledging this gap, city managers opted for also exploring the effectiveness of cognitive‐motivational tools, by relying on ICT and smartphone‐based approaches: in early 2017 citizens of Belllinzona were invited to join the Bellidea living lab and co‐design a smartphone app to promote sustainable mobility patterns among their peers. In Spring 2018 the resulting app will be launched to the whole population. Bellidea - A living lab to co‐design a smartphone app promoting sustainable individual mobility patterns. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320196815_Bellidea_-_A_living_lab_to_co-design_a_smartphone_app_promoting_sustainable_individual_mobility_patterns [accessed Oct 4, 2017].
The ROBODOC clinical trial: a robotic assistant for total hip arthroplasty. (1996)

Operating room teams at three U.S. hospitals are participating in a controlled clinical trial to evaluate the use of a surgical robot in total hip arthroplasty. The robot, called the ROBODOC Surgical Assistant System, precisely prepares the femoral canal for the placement of a "press fit" cementless prosthesis. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that the robot, as an investigational device, be tested in a controlled clinical trial to demonstrate safety and efficacy. The clinical trial will include 300 patients who must meet specific criteria before enrollment and randomization. This article describes the need for new surgical technology, ROBODOC's development history, hardware and software components of the system, the patient population and surgical protocol for the clinical trial, special nursing care requirements, and considerations for patient rehabilitation.
Estudio de la influencia del recambio articular en la esfera psicoemocional (2015)

Introduccion: Hoy en dia se considera el deterioro del aparato locomotor como el segundo problema mas importante a la hora de causar problemas de dependencia en los ancianos. La artrosis es una de las causas fundamentales que puede impactar negativamente en ello. Es importante identificar factores relacionados con el grado de satisfaccion de los pacientes tras someterse a una intervencion de recambio articular. La presencia o no de distres psicologico, ansiedad y depresion ha sido poco estudiada entre dichos pacientes y menos aun el propio impacto de una intervencion de tamana envergadura sobre dichos factores. Objetivos: Los objetivos del presente trabajo son: a / establecer si el cuestionario HADS es un instrumento de cribaje valido para este perfil de pacientes comparandolo con el SCL-90-R y el SF-36; b / analizar los factores sociodemograficos de genero y edad en los pacientes a nivel tanto pre como postquirurgico; c / estimar la prevalencia de los factores psicologicos (depresion y ansiedad) y los factores sociodemograficos para averiguar si existe relacion entre ellos; d / establecer las diferencias entre los factores psicologicos (depresion y ansiedad) a nivel pre y postquirurgico si es que las hay. Material y metodos: se incluyeron pacientes del Hospital de Traumatologia del Hospital Universitario Vall d' Hebron pendientes de intervencion de recambio articular diagnosticados con artrosis. Se realizaron dos visitas a dichos pacientes a lo largo del estudio. En ambas visitas debian rellenar un cuaderno de recogida de datos que incluia las variables sociodemograficas consideradas asi como los cuestionarios autoaplicados HADS, SCL-90-R y SF-36. Se llevo a cabo un estudio de tipo descriptivo prospectivo (longitudinal) para verificar los objetivos marcados. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 72 pacientes. Un 42% varones y un 58% mujeres. Edad media de 67.5 anos. La ansiedad decrece un 26% entre el pre y el posttest con el SCL-90-R y un 18% con el HADS. La salud mental mejora un 6% con el SF-36. No se observaron diferencias significativas para la depresion. Conclusiones: Se comprobo que el HADS puede ser un instrumento valido para este perfil de pacientes sin que se evidenciaran diferencias significativas de genero. Se comprobo que segun nuestros datos independientemente de otras variables la propia intervencion quirurgica del recambio articular significa una mejoria de los niveles de distres psicologico (ansiedad y depresion) mostrados por los pacientes.