gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling static and dynamic thermography of the human breast under elastic deformation (2010)

An abnormal thermogram has been shown to be a reliable indicator of increased risk of breast cancer. Numerical modeling techniques for thermography are proposed to quantify the complex relationships between the breast thermal behaviors and the underlying physiological/pathological conditions. Previous thermal modeling techniques did not account for gravity-induced elastic deformation arising from various body postures, nor did they suggest that a dynamic thermal procedure may be used to enhance clinical diagnosis. In this paper, 3D finite element method (FEM)-based thermal and elastic modeling techniques are developed to characterize comprehensively both the thermal and elastic properties of normal and tumorous breast tissues during static and dynamic thermography. In the steady state, gravity-induced breast deformation is found to cause an upper-lower asymmetric surface temperature contrast for sitting/standing up body posture, even though all the thermal and elastic properties are assumed uniform. Additionally, the tumor-induced surface temperature alterations are found to be caused primarily by shallow tumors and to be less sensitive to tumor size than to tumor depth. In the dynamic state, the breast exhibits distinctive temporal patterns that are associated with distinct thermal events: cold stress and thermal recovery induced by changes in the ambient temperature. Specifically, the tumor-induced thermal contrast shows an opposite initial change and delayed peak as compared with the deformation-induced thermal contrast. These findings are expected to provide a stronger foundation for, and greater specificity and precision in, thermographic diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.
Causal Transformers Perform Below Chance on Recursive Nested\n Constructions, Unlike Humans (2021)

Recursive processing is considered a hallmark of human linguistic abilities.\nA recent study evaluated recursive processing in recurrent neural language\nmodels (RNN-LMs) and showed that such models perform below chance level on\nembedded dependencies within nested constructions -- a prototypical example of\nrecursion in natural language. Here, we study if state-of-the-art Transformer\nLMs do any better. We test four different Transformer LMs on two different\ntypes of nested constructions, which differ in whether the embedded (inner)\ndependency is short or long range. We find that Transformers achieve\nnear-perfect performance on short-range embedded dependencies, significantly\nbetter than previous results reported for RNN-LMs and humans. However, on\nlong-range embedded dependencies, Transformers' performance sharply drops below\nchance level. Remarkably, the addition of only three words to the embedded\ndependency caused Transformers to fall from near-perfect to below-chance\nperformance. Taken together, our results reveal Transformers' shortcoming when\nit comes to recursive, structure-based, processing.\n
Molecular Properties of Kiss1 Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Mouse (2011)

Neurons that produce kisspeptin play a critical role in reproduction. However, understanding the molecular physiology of kisspeptin neurons has been limited by the lack of an in vivo marker for those cells. Here, we report the development of a Kiss1-CreGFP knockin mouse, wherein the endogenous Kiss1 promoter directs the expression of a Cre recombinase-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. The pattern of GFP expression in the brain of the knockin recapitulates what has been described earlier for Kiss1 in the male and female mouse, with prominent expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) (in both sexes) and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (in females). Single-cell RT-PCR showed that the Kiss1 transcript is expressed in 100% of GFP-labeled cells, and the CreGFP transcript was regulated by estradiol in the same manner as the Kiss1 gene (i.e. inhibited in the ARC and induced in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus). We used this mouse to evaluate the biophysical properties of kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons in the ARC of the female mouse. GFP-expressing Kiss1 neurons were identified in hypothalamic slice preparations of the ARC and patch clamped. Whole-cell (and loose attached) recordings revealed that Kiss1 neurons exhibit spontaneous activity and expressed both h- (pacemaker) and T-type calcium currents, and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated 1-4 and CaV3.1 channel subtypes (measured by single cell RT-PCR), respectively. N-methyl-D-aspartate induced bursting activity, characterized by depolarizing/hyperpolarizing oscillations. Therefore, Kiss1 neurons in the ARC share molecular and electrophysiological properties of other CNS pacemaker neurons.
Optical characterization of boron carbide powders synthesized with varying B‐to‐C ratios (2022)

Abstract Boron carbide powders were synthesized from elemental powders and studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–visible diffuse reflectance, Raman, and diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopies. Following reaction at 1400°C for 6 h, synthesized powders exhibited possible faulting as suggested by XRD patterns. B 3 C, B 4.3 C, and B 5 C powders contained graphitic carbon whereas the boron carbides with higher B/C ratios contained no residual carbon, suggesting that the carbon rich phase boundary is likely temperature dependent. Analysis by Raman and IR spectroscopy suggested that Raman spectra are influenced by excitation frequency due to resonance. We suggest that measurement of boron carbides with resonant Raman lifts the selection rules to allow measurement of Raman silent modes that are present in the IR spectra. Optical reflectance of the boron carbide powders revealed that the B/C ratio governed the indirect and direct optical band gaps of the faulted powders. B 3 C and B 4.3 C powders were light gray in spite of the presence of the carbon, whereas B 5 C, B 6.5 C, B 10 C, and B 12 C were gray, green, brown, and dark brown, respectively. Increasing carbon content increased the optical indirect band gap from 1.3 eV for B 12 C to 3.2 eV for B 3 C, causing the observed color changes.
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in breast cancer: signaling, therapeutic implications and challenges (2018)

Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth factors and their receptors is involved in cancer development and metastasis. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) constitute a class of receptors that play important role in cancer progression. RTKs are cell surface receptors with specialized structural and biological features which respond to environmental cues by initiating appropriate signaling cascades in tumor cells. RTKs are known to regulate various downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT. These pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis. These pathways are also imperative for a reciprocal interaction of tumor and stromal cells. Multi-faceted role of RTKs renders them amenable to therapy in breast cancer. However, structural mutations, gene amplification and alternate pathway activation pose challenges to anti-RTK therapy.
A 20 kHz Bandwidth Resistive DAC with 135 dBA Dynamic Range and 125 dB THD (2019)

We present a resistive FIR DAC targeted for audio applications with a low distortion output routing method and a current output reference. The design combines vector element selection and fixed transitioning of elements to shape mismatch errors and suppress intersymbol interference. The vector quantizer uses a variation of Hoare's selection algorithm to reduce digital hardware complexity. A prototype in 40 nm CMOS has a measured dynamic range of 135 dBA, a -124.5 dB THD+N, and a -125 dB THD.
Pharmacological treatment strategies targeting cognitive impairment associated with aging (2012)

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is associated with increased activation in the CA3-dentate region of hippocampus. Excess CA3 activity also occurs in aged rats with memory impairment. Therapies to counter such excess activity might include antiepileptics or agonists for GABA(A) α5 receptors, which regulate tonic inhibition. Use of GABA(A) α5 agonists may seem unexpected because GABA(A) α5 inverse agonists were developed as cognitive enhancers. We found that inverse agonists, while yielding benefit in normal young adult rats, are not effective in treating memory loss in aged rats. Instead, aged rats showed improved memory after treatment with selective GABA(A) α5 agonists and with certain antiepileptics. These benefits of treatment are consistent with the concept that excess activity in the CA3 of the hippocampus is a dysfunctional condition contributing to age-associated memory impairment. Because excess hippocampal activation is also observed in aMCI, our findings support the use of antiepileptic or GABA(A) α5 agonist therapy in aMCI. Such therapy, in addition to memory improvement, may also have disease modifying potential because hippocampal overactivity in aging/MCI predicts further cognitive decline and conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
Central Obesity and High Blood Pressure in Pediatric Patients With Atopic Dermatitis (2014)

Moderate to severe pediatric AD may be associated with central obesity and increased systolic BP.
The stability and interrelationships of newborn sucking and heart rate (1976)

The sucking behavior of 44 newborns was recorded along with heart rate (HR) and respiration. These 3 systems showed stability over a 24-hr period. Sucking parameters varied markedly depending upon whether the infant was sucking for sucrose or under a no-fluid condition. Moreover, HR was strikingly affected by sweetness. The direction of HR change was toward increasing rates when sucking for sweet, even though sucking for sweet substances occurs more slowly than for no fluid.
QTPI:A quick terse path index for XML keyword search (2010)

The emergence of the Web has increased interests in XML data. XML query languages such as XQuery, XPath and NEXI, they use label paths to traverse the irregularly structured data. Without efficient indexes, query processing can be quite inefficient due to an exhaustive traversal on XML data. To overcome the inefficiency, we propose a novel index method, quick terse path index (named QTPI), which contain the content and structure of the XML documents. Unlike index methods that disassemble a query into multiple sub-queries, and then join the results of these sub-queries to provide the final answers, QTPI uses tree structures as the basic unit of query to avoid expensive join operations. Furthermore, QTPI provides a terse index that can quickly derive the keyword query and generate a set of effective structured queries by analyzing the given keyword query and scanning the index, hence it has a performance advantage over methods indexing either. We have conducted an experimental study on real-life XML data sets and the experimental results show that QTPI is effective, and efficient in supporting structural queries when compared with existing proposals.
Biofouling prevention with pulsed electric fields (2002)

The clogging of pipes due to biofouling organisms capable of rapid population growth is a major problem in cooling systems where untreated lake, river or sea water is used. In estuarine and marine ecosystems, it is blue mussels and barnacles which cause biofouling problems; in freshwater ecosystems the uncontrolled growth of zebra mussels has significant economic implications. In order to explore the preventive effect of pulsed electric fields on biofoulants, the authors have, following laboratory studies, performed field tests with a pulsed power system which was to designed to provide /spl mu/s pulses of up to 40 kV into a low impedance (<10 /spl Omega/) load. The system was used to treat water from the Elizabeth River in Norfolk, USA. Two tests, each performed over a period of three weeks with pulsed electric fields of 12 kV/cm, and 6.4 kV/cm, respectively, in the treatment cell have demonstrated the feasibility of the electric field method for biofouling prevention. Whereas strong growth of barnacles, blue mussels and hydrazoans was seen in the control system, the test system was completely free of these biofoulants. The highest efficiency reached so far was 1,400 gallons of treated tidal water per kWh of electrical energy. It is expected that the efficiency can be further increased by optimizing the effect with respect to pulse duration and electric field, and by concentrating on fresh water biofoulants, such as zebra mussels.
Power control for CDMA macro-micro cellular system (2002)

The hierarchical cell structure is needed for different requirements: large cells guarantee continuous coverage, while small cells are necessary to achieve good spectrum efficiency and high capacity. In this paper, the CDMA system in macro/micro cell structure is investigated. We propose an adaptive scheme of controlling the cell size according to a time-varying traffic distribution in a macro/micro overlaid cell environment. This aims to bring the communications quality in both the macro-cell and micro-cell to a target quality level. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively controls the time-varying traffic fluctuations and provides an enhanced performance.
Secret Handshakes with Dynamic and Fuzzy Matching. (2007)

The need for communication privacy over public networks is of growing concern in today’s society. As a result, privacy-preserving authentication and key exchange protocols have become critical primitives in building secure distributed systems. Secret handshakes provide such a service by allowing two members of the same group to secretly and privately authenticate to each other and agree on a shared key for further communication. This paper presents the first efficient secret handshake schemes with unlinkable, reusable credentials that do not rely on random oracles for their security (solving open problems from prior literature). In previous work, secret handshakes were extended with roles, so that a group member A can specify the role another group member B must have in order to successfully complete the protocol with A. We generalize the traditional and role-based secret handshake in two ways. First, we present a secret handshake with dynamic matching, in which each party can specify both the group and the role the other must have in order to complete the handshake. Second, we provide a novel extension of secret handshakes to include attributes, allowing the handshake to be based on approximate (or fuzzy) matching. We demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of our protocols by evaluating a prototype implementation. We integrate our dynamic matching protocol into IPsec, and we detail the performance tradeoffs associated with our fuzzy matching scheme. Our experiments indicate that our solutions offer attractive performance. Supported in part by NSF. Supported by Intel Ph.D. fellowship.
Densification of ZrB 2 –TaSi 2 and HfB 2 –TaSi 2 Ultra‐High‐Temperature Ceramic Composites (2011)

The microstructure of fully dense hot‐pressed ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs), namely ZrB 2 and HfB 2 containing 15 vol% of TaSi 2 , was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ZrB 2 and HfB 2 grains displayed a core–shell structure: the core was constituted by the original MB 2 grain and the shell by a (M, Ta)B 2 solid solution, which grew epitaxially on the core. The compositional misfit between core–shell was accommodated by low‐angle grain boundaries and dislocations pile‐up, especially pronounced in the ZrB 2 ‐based composite, where a higher amount of Ta entered the boride lattice. Ta 5 Si 3 , Ta 4.8 Si 3 C 0.3 , and Ta 5 SiB 2 , with Zr or Hf impurities, were detected at the triple points and wetting of the grain boundaries by a Ta–Si–B–C–O amorphous phase was observed. Based on the new microstructural features detected by TEM, thermodynamic calculations and the available phase diagrams, a densification mechanism for ZrB 2 and HfB 2 with addition of TaSi 2 is proposed. The microstructures of the UHTC composites presented here are compared with composites sintered with the addition of MoSi 2 in the same amount.
Synthesis and processing of barium titanate ceramics from alkoxide solutions and monolithic gels (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and processing of barium titanate ceramics from alkoxide solutions and monolithic gelsMatthew H. Frey and David A. PayneCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1, 123–129Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00049a019https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00049a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1302Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-Gaussian Target Detection in Sonar Imagery Using the Multivariate Laplace Distribution (2014)

This paper introduces a new non-Gaussian detection method for complex-valued synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imagery. The detection method is based on a multivariate extension of the Laplace distribution derived using a scale mixture of Gaussian distributions. A goodness-of-fit test in the form of a likelihood ratio is then conducted on a sonar imagery data set consisting of high-frequency (HF) and broadband (BB) images coregistered over the same region on the seafloor showing the proposed model's applicability in sonar imagery. Detection based on testing the equality of parameters from two populations is then implemented on a database containing actual SAS images of the seafloor with synthetically generated targets inserted into the images and compared to a similar non-Gaussian technique. Detection performance in this paper is given in terms of receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve attributes, probability of detection, and average false alarm rate.
Map recognition using an adaptive fuzzy pyramid decision approach (2002)

A scheme for map recognition using an adaptive fuzzy pyramid decision approach is described. In the proposed method, a data pyramid in the form of a layered hierarchical structure is first constructed. A fuzzy entropy method is then used for the extraction of invariant fuzzy features. A fuzzy decision based discriminant function is defined for recognition of the objects. The scheme is tested by using a set of 27 map images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Treatment of encrusted cystitis caused by Corynebacterium group D2 with norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and teicoplanin in an experimental model in rats (1991)

Oral doses of norfloxacin (80 mg/kg of body weight per day) and ciprofloxacin (25 and 80 mg/kg/day) and intramuscular doses of teicoplanin (5 mg/kg/day), all administered once a day for 10 days, were evaluated as a means of preventing encrusted cystitis caused by Corynebacterium group D2. Zinc disks dipped into a 24-h broth culture of these microorganisms were inserted into the bladders of female Wistar rats, and treatment was started 14 days after bacterial challenge. The appearance of encrusted cystitis was directly related to a documented urinary tract infection by these coryneforms (71.7 and 0% for rats with positive and negative urine cultures, respectively). All rats that died between days 18 to 43 after bacterial challenge presented very severe encrusted cystitis, which was prevented by teicoplanin and high doses of ciprofloxacin. Rats surviving up to day 44 after bacterial challenge were sacrificed; they presented a lower incidence of encrusted cystitis which was also less severe, with teicoplanin and a high dose of ciprofloxacin being more active in reducing the rate of positive cultures (78.8 and 65.7% reduction, respectively). All antibiotics and doses used were active in vivo at preventing encrusted cystitis by Corynebacterium group D2, but the best therapeutic effect was obtained with teicoplanin.
Molecular organic conductors with triiodide/hole dual channels as efficient electrolytes for solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (2012)

Two new solid organic conductors, which can provide dual channels for triiodide/hole transportation, were used as electrolytes for solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (SDSCs), resulting in a high energy conversion efficiency of 3.82%. Hole transport in these SDSCs has a minor contribution to photocurrent due to the oxidation potentials of triphenylamine.
Sonographic appearance of a dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma) of the spleen (2014)

ABSTRACT Splenic dermoids are rare, with few published case reports and no ultrasound images in the English literature. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old woman with that diagnosis and illustrate it with ultrasound, CT, and pathology images. We discuss the differential diagnosis of solid splenic lesions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound , 43 :132–134, 2015
Modeling of Flip-Chip Interconnects Using Novel Neural Network Approaches (2006)

In this paper, we present an efficient neural network approach to analyze the bump structure of flip-chip transitions. 3D FEM simulations are used to extract the network parameters such as S-parameters and then the equivalent lumped circuit model is used to extract L-C and R. Validation of the equivalent circuit model is conducted by the comparison between the circuit simulation and the full wave simulation. Using the extracted data, training sets of the neural networks are composed. The proposed neural network, in which all L-C and R parameters are used simultaneously at the one output layer, shows nice prediction performance for the S-parameter characteristics.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity to a recombinant mycobacterial antigen, MPB64, in guinea pigs sensitized to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1995)

Recombinant MPB64 (rMPB64), a mycobacterial antigen, was obtained from an Escherichia coli clone transformed with a recombinant expression vector, pMAL64c. The rMPB64 was examined for the activity to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in guinea pigs injected with liver Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv or live M. bovis BCG Tokyo. It was found that rMPB64 has the same reactivity as native MPB64 (nMPB64) or MPT64 (nMPT64) and the potency to elicit DTH was 13.4 times higher than that of PPD. Because MPB64 is secreted only by living M. tuberculosis and some strains of BCG, it is possible to use this antigen for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.