gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Species-dependent changes in stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid mediated by external pH (2006)

The direct effects of pH changes and/or abscisic acid (ABA) on stomatal aperture were examined in epidermal strips of Commelina communis L. and Arabidopsis thaliana. Stomata were initially opened at pH 7 or pH 5. The stomatal closure induced by changes in external pH and/or ABA (10 microM or 10 nM) was monitored using video microscopy and quantified in terms of changes in stomatal area using image analysis software. Measurements of aperture area enabled stomatal responses and, in particular, small changes in stomatal area to be quantified reliably. Both plant species exhibited a biphasic closure response to ABA: an initial phase of rapid stomatal closure, followed by a second, more prolonged, phase during which stomata closure proceeded at a slower rate. Changes in stomatal sensitivity to ABA were also observed. Comparison of these effects between C. communis and A. thaliana demonstrate that this differential sensitivity of stomata to ABA is species-dependent, as well as being dependent on the pH of the extracellular environment.
Effects of smoothing on defect printability at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths (2000)

Improvements in mask blank yield by the reduction in defects dramatically reduces the reticle cost of any lithography. Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) masks typically consist of a substrate coated with reflective multilayer (ML) materials (e.g., Mo and Si), followed by a sacrificial or “repair” layer (e.g., SiO2) and top absorber layer material (e.g., Cr or TaSiNx). Defects of the following two types exist: substrate and absorber defects. Substrate defects are generally below the absorber and buffer layers, i.e., at the substrate–ML interface or within the ML stack, whereas the absorber defects are located at the absorber layer. In addition, the printability of substrate-type defects may be reduced by coating the defects with a planarizing or smoothing layer. In this work, we discuss simulation and experimental results that compare the printability of programmed defect reticles with and without smoothing layers covering the programmed defect. We propose several criteria for smoothing layer specifications that are necessary to mitigate a size range of defects for an EUV imaging system.
A GDF11/myostatin inhibitor, GDF11 propeptide-Fc, increases skeletal muscle mass and improves muscle strength in dystrophic mdx mice (2019)

GDF11PRO-Fc induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improvements in muscle strength via inhibition of GDF11/myostatin signaling. However, GDF11PRO-Fc does not significantly improve the dystrophic pathology in mdx mice.
Cu–Pd bimetallic nanoalloy anchored on a N-rich porous organic polymer for high-performance hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived vanillin (2018)

A N-rich porous organic polymer-anchored bimetallic Cu–Pd nanoalloy exhibited superior catalytic activity with improved stability for biomass-derived selective hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin.
Compensatory Locomotor Adjustments of Rats with Cervical or Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisections (2002)

The accurate measurement of behavioral compensation after CNS trauma, such as spinal cord injury, is important when assessing the functional effects of injury and treatment in animal models. We investigated the locomotor abilities of rats with unilateral thoracic or cervical spinal cord injuries using a locomotor rating (BBB) scale, reflex tests, and quantitative kinetic measurements. The BBB rating scale indicated that thoracic spinal hemisected (TH) rats had more severely affected hindlimbs compared to cervical spinal hemisected (CH) and sham-operated animals. Kinetic measurements revealed that CH and TH animals moved with different ground reaction force patterns, which nevertheless shared some similarities with each other and with the gait patterns of rats with different unilateral CNS lesions. Uninjured rats typically had an equal distribution of their body weight over the forelimbs and hind limbs, and used their forelimbs predominantly for braking while using their hind limbs mostly for propulsion. CH rats bore more weight on their hind limbs than their forelimbs, while TH animals bore more weight on their forelimbs than their hind limbs. Neither CH nor TH rats used the forelimb ipsilateral to the spinal hemisection for net braking or propulsion. The hindlimb contralateral to the hemisection was placed on the ground prematurely during the stride cycle for both CH and TH animals. The altered kinetics of the locomotor pattern in hemisected animals resulted in changes in the oscillations of total body potential and kinetic energies. These two forms of energy oscillate synchronously in intact locomoting rats, but were asynchronous during parts of the stride cycle in spinal hemisected animals. We conclude that rats develop a general compensatory response for unilateral CNS lesions, which may help stabilize the animal during locomotion.
Event-driven analog-to-digital converter with conversion-speed-centric architecture and activity-dependent power consumption (2013)

The paper presents a concept of an event-driven analog-to-digital converter accepting irregular conversion demands with conversion-speed-centric architecture and activity-dependent power consumption. The proposed converter architecture based on a binary-scaled capacitor array uses a technique of event-driven successive charge redistribution and allows overlapping of a conversion of the previous sample and a capture of the next sample. The general condition on proper converter operation is that the consecutive conversion demands have to be spaced at least by the interval equal to the maximum conversion time. In particular, the proposed converter can be used for time-to-digital conversion in the asynchronous Sigma-Delta ADCs. In the paper, the lower bound on charge redistribution rate for a given Sigma-Delta modulation depth is derived.
TurnsMap (2019)

Left turns are known to be one of the most dangerous driving maneuvers.1 An effective way to mitigate this safety risk is to install a left-turn enforcement --- e.g., a protected left-turn signal or all-way stop signs --- at every turn that preserves a traffic phase exclusively for left turns. Although this protection scheme can significantly increase the driving safety, information on whether or not a road segment (e.g., intersection) has such a setting is not yet available to the public and navigation systems. This paper presents a system, called TurnsMap, that exploits mobile crowdsensing and deep learning to classify the protection settings of left turns. One of our key findings is that crowdsensed IMU sensor (i.e., gyroscope and accelerometer) data from onboard mobile devices can be used to recognize different types of left-turn protection. TurnsMap first collects IMU sensor data from mobile devices or smartphones carried by the driver/passenger(s) in a moving car. It then feeds the data to an analytics engine powered by (1) a data mining engine for extracting and clustering left turns by processing raw IMU data, and (2) a deep-learning pipeline for learning the model from the IMU data to identify the protection type of each left turn. We have built and used a large-scale real-world driving dataset to evaluate TurnsMap, demonstrating its capability of identifying different left-turn enforcements with 90.3% accuracy. A wide range of automotive apps can benefit (e.g., enhancing traffic safety) from the left-turns information unearthed by TurnsMap.
2X reduction of STT-MRAM switching current using double spin-torque magnetic tunnel junction (2021)

We introduce a new device for reducing the switching current, Ic, in Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM). The Double Spin-torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction (DS-MTJ) uses spin torque from both top and bottom free-layer interfaces to reduce Ic by 2x. However, unlike previous work using Double Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (DMTJs), the DS-MTJ does not suffer from reduced magneto resistance (MR) due to increased series resistance. Experimental data using 10 ns write pulses demonstrates 2x reduction in Ic, and reliable writing down to an error-floor of write-error-rate (WER) = 1e-6.
EMOBOT: A Robot Control Architecture Based on Emotion-Like Internal Values (2006)

Mobile Robots, moving intelligence up to high-level behaviours that we are used to now from our domestic animals
Production of Acetic Acid from Carbohydrate Biomass by Two-Step Reaction with Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction and Wet Oxidation (2007)

An investigation was carried out to improve the production of acetic acid by an alkaline two‐step process, in which the first step is to accelerate the formation of lactic acid in a hydrothermal reaction with the addition of alkali, and the second step is further convert the lactic acid produced in the first step to acetic acid by oxidation with newly added oxygen. Results showed that the addition of alkali promoted selectively the formation of lactic acid from glucose at a hydrothermal condition. Acetic acid yield in the alkaline two‐step process greatly increased in comparison to that without the addition of any alkali. In the alkaline two‐step process, the highest acetic acid yield arrived at 27 % on the carbon base under the conditions of reaction temperature of 300 °C, reaction time of 1 min, and Ca(OH)2 concentration of 0.32 M in the first step, and reaction temperature of 300 °C, reaction time of 3 min, and oxygen supply of 70 % in the second step.
Context-dependent Web bookmarks and their usage as queries (2003)

Conventional Web bookmarks only contain URLs and titles of Web pages that users are interested in. This makes the process of remembering, sharing or ranking such pages difficult. The "context" of users' navigation can be described as collections of browsed pages. Conventional bookmarks do not contain such information. We believe that such context information conveys the users' intention and the importance of bookmarks. We introduce a notion of context-dependent Web bookmarks that reflects users' browsing histories. A context-dependent Web bookmark consists of (1) representative keywords of bookmarked pages and browsed pages, (2) the ranking value of bookmarked pages calculated by its context, as well as the URL and title of the page that the user bookmarked. Context-dependent bookmarks will make it possible for users to remember the situation of the bookmarking process, grasp the degree of significance of the bookmark, and share the bookmark among multiple users. Furthermore, it becomes possible to re-use context-dependent bookmarks as queries, which could be executed for unvisited Web pages. We also describe our Web browser prototype system based on the context-dependent bookmark function, and our experimental results.
Fibre optic spectral polarimetry for sensing multiple stress-loaded locations along a length of fibre (1997)

The authors describe a novel fibre optic sensor detecting multiple stress-loaded locations, where cross-coupling takes place in a length of birefringent single-mode fibre. The information about the cross-coupled locations and the distances between them can be obtained from the modulated spectrum due to the interference between the uncross- and cross-coupled modes along the fibre. In the experiment, the determination of only the cross-coupled locations is demonstrated by the processing of the spectral interferences. The performance principle based on spectral polarimetry is described together with experimental demonstrations. The limitation to the spectral polarimetric technique is also discussed for the view of the sensor use.
Deep Multi-patch Aggregation Network for Image Style, Aesthetics, and Quality Estimation (2015)

This paper investigates problems of image style, aesthetics, and quality estimation, which require fine-grained details from high-resolution images, utilizing deep neural network training approach. Existing deep convolutional neural networks mostly extracted one patch such as a down-sized crop from each image as a training example. However, one patch may not always well represent the entire image, which may cause ambiguity during training. We propose a deep multi-patch aggregation network training approach, which allows us to train models using multiple patches generated from one image. We achieve this by constructing multiple, shared columns in the neural network and feeding multiple patches to each of the columns. More importantly, we propose two novel network layers (statistics and sorting) to support aggregation of those patches. The proposed deep multi-patch aggregation network integrates shared feature learning and aggregation function learning into a unified framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the deep multi-patch aggregation network on the three problems, i.e., image style recognition, aesthetic quality categorization, and image quality estimation. Our models trained using the proposed networks significantly outperformed the state of the art in all three applications.
Structure of 20K endoglucanase fromMelanocarpus albomycesat 1.8 Å resolution (2003)

The crystal structure of the 20K endoglucanase from the thermophilic fungus Melanocarpus albomyces (Ma20k) has been determined. The structure was refined to 1.8 A resolution using data obtained at 120 K. Ma20k belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 45. The three-dimensional structures of endoglucanase V (EGV) from the fungus Humicola insolens and of an endoglucanase from H. grisea var. thermoidea have previously been determined. The overall structure of Ma20k consists of a six-stranded beta-barrel domain similar to that found previously in family 45 endoglucanases. The flexible loop between strands V and VI, which was disordered in the uncomplexed structures of the Humicola endoglucanases but was ordered in complexed structures of EGV, is found to be well ordered in the native structure of Ma20k. The structure of Ma20k allows comparison between thermophilic and mesophilic proteins of family 45 and different principles for thermostability are discussed.
Investigation of controlling factor for combustion of diesel soot (2017)

DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) is effective for trapping diesel soot from diesel engines. The trapped diesel soot is removed by combustion above 600 °C using excess fuels, which results in reduction of fuel economy. An effective design of DPF is strongly required to improve DPF regeneration efficiency and fuel economy; however, the internal phenomenon of diesel soot combustion on DPF is still not clarified. For an effective design of DPF, in this study, we investigated the effect of diesel soot structure on combustion temperature using real diesel soot. Soot samples were characterized by means of various physicochemical techniques: XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy), Raman spectroscopy, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and elemental analysis. TEM images and Raman spectra of real diesel soot showed that the difference in the crystallinity of soot was small. XPS, EELS, and elemental analysis revealed that oxygen content, which is derived from surface functional groups of -COOH, -OH, and -C=O at defect sites, was strongly affected by the engine operating conditions. The ignition temperature of diesel soot was dependent on O/C ratio measured by elemental analysis. With the increase in oxygen content of diesel soot, combustion temperatures of soot became lower. It was concluded that the concentration of oxygen containing functional groups is an essential factor for the control of the ignition temperature of diesel soot.
Vacuum deposited polycrystalline silicon films for solar cell applications. Second quarterly technical progress report. January 1-March 31, 1980 (1980)

A careful study of a specially formed thin silicon layer on TiB/sub 2/-coated sapphire reveals that the interaction layer of TiSi/sub 2/ is composed of larger grains. Processing steps were developed which lead closer to the goal of fabricating polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices completely by vacuum deposition. Both n-type and p-type silicon are now being deposited. New deposition masks were made for depositing the n-regions upon the p-layers. New electrode deposition masks were also made for a direct electroding process to replace the photolithographic process used previously. The TiB/sub 2/ bottom electrode fabrication has been achieved in a single vacuum chamber. Reaction constants and activation energy for TiB/sub 2/ layer formation were determined to be less than those reported by other authors for bulk material. Studies of crystallite growth and interfacial interactions have continued. Major sources of undesirable impurities have been identified and removed from the vacuum chambers. The changes made this quarter have not been incorporated into a completed photovoltaic device.
Analysis of B-G and Immune Response Genes in the Iowa State University S1 Chicken Line by Hybridization of Sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid with a Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Probe (1989)

Sperm DNA was isolated from chickens of the Iowa State University S1 line. Birds were from sublines selected for B-G antigen, humoral immune response to glutamic acid-alanine-tyrosine (IrGAT), and response to Rous sarcoma virus-induced (RSV) tumors. The DNA was digested with restriction enzymes and subjected to Southern blot analysis with a DNA probe specific for a class II gene of the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) associated with B-G antigen type were found after digestion of DNA with three enzymes, PvuII, BglII, or Sau3A, out of a total of 15 tested. No RFLP were shown to be associated with IrGAT or RSV type. This study shows that RFLP analysis of DNA may be a useful addition to or alternative to serological evaluation of MHC haplotype in the chicken.
Oral Doxycycline Reduces Pterygium Lesions; Results from a Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial (2012)

European Union Clinical Trials Register EudraCT 2008-007178-39.
The control of blood flow to the placenta (1997)

The maintenance of adequate blood flow to the placenta is essential for the successful outcome of pregnancy. The placental vascular bed is often regarded as a low-resistance circulation in which blood flow is determined by the fetal cardiac output, but in pregnancies associated with growth retardation, and for reasons unknown, vascular resistance increases and blood flow is compromised. This review concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of the factors that may influence fetoplacental blood flow, with particular emphasis upon the circulation of the human placenta. The placenta has no neuronal input and vascular resistance is entirely determined by humoral and structural factors. In the absence of catecholamine sensitivity, constrictor prostanoids and endothelin may be important constrictor agonists, whereas nitric oxide is now considered to contribute to tonic reduction in vascular resistance. Little is known of the relative contributions of these vasoactive agents in the elevation of fetoplacental vascular resistance, but recent evidence points to an important role for altered vascular structure in growth-retarded pregnancies.
Building new cardiac vasculature and myocardium: where are we at? (2021)

Cell therapy induces mainly angiogenesis and immunomodulation. The ability to induce direct cardiomyocyte regeneration to replace the lost cardiomyocytes is, however, still missing until embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cell use becomes available. Cell therapy would benefit from combinatorial use with biomaterials, as these can prolong cell retention and survival, offer additional mechanical support and provide inherent bioactive cues. Biomaterials can also be used to deliver growth factors, drugs, and other molecules. 3D bioprinting is a high-resolution technique that has great potential in cardiac therapy.
Photoemission resulting from collisions of I 2 with 5–100 eV electrons (2020)

Abstract We have determined absolute apparent excitation cross sections for photoemission in the 300–1050 nm spectral region resulting from collisions of I 2 with electrons of 4.8–100 eV translational energy. Experiments were done in single collision conditions and emission is observed from I 2 , I 2 + , I and I + . All the emission features appear to turn on at the energy thresholds for formation of the respective excited state species. At higher electron beam energy the spectra are dominated by emissions from the strong I 2 + A–X band, as well as the intense emission from several I 5 s 2 5 p 4 6 s states. An attempt to determine the initial I 2 + A populations generated from electron impact is discussed. These populations are determined from simulations of the I 2 + A–X emission band using both experimentally and theoretically determined potential energy surfaces available in the literature. Direct, vertical formation of I 2 + A from I 2 X is only supported in the case of the ab initio potential energy surface.
Response of Soil Microorganisms to As-Produced and Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) (2012)

The use of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in manufacturing and biomedical applications is increasing at a rapid rate; however data on the effects of a potential environmental release of the materials remain sparse. In this study, soils with either low or high organic matter contents as well as pure cultures of E. coli are challenged with either raw as-produced SWNTs (AP-SWNTs) or SWNTs functionalized with either polyethyleneglycol (PEG-SWNTs) or m-polyaminobenzene sulfonic acid (PABS-SWNTs). To mimic chronic exposure, the soil systems were challenged weekly for six weeks; microbial activities and community structures for both the prokaryote and eukaryote community were evaluated. Results show that repeated applications of AP-SWNTs can affect microbial community structures and induce minor changes in soil metabolic activity in the low organic matter systems. Toxicity of the three types of SWNTs was also assessed in liquid cultures using a bioluminescent E. coli-O157:H7 strain. Although decreases in light were detected in all treated samples, low light recovery following glucose addition in AP-SWNTs treatment and light absorption property of SWNTs particles suggest that AP-SWNTs suppressed metabolic activity of the E. coli, whereas the two functionalized SWNTs are less toxic. The metals released from the raw forms of SWNTs would not play a role in the effects seen in soil or the pure culture. We suggest that sorption to soil organic matter plays a controlling role in the soil microbiological responses to these nanomaterials.
EMULSIFICATION OF NONMINERAL OILS: EFFECT OF TYPE AND SOURCE (1984)

Abstract A uniform battery of tests were run on nine natural oils, using three different surfactants. Differences in composition and performance are tabulated and analyzed using the technique of glyphs.
Biopsy versus resection for the management of low-grade gliomas (2011)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the clinical effectiveness of biopsy compared to surgical resection in patients with a new lesion suspected to be a low grade glioma (LGG).
Degradation of Protein SAA to an AA‐like Fragment by Enzymes of Monocytic Origin (1980)

On incubation in cultures of blood mononuclear leucocytes from normal individuals, protein SAA is gradually degraded and yields an intermediate fragment with the same molecular weight as that of protein AA. This protein fragment has the same antigenic properties as protein AA, as judged from double-immunodiffusion analysis. Cell fractionation studies attribute the degrading capacity to the monocytes. Evidence was also found that the proteolytically active substances was released to the medium by cells in culture. The proteolytic substance, which also degraded protein AA, could be inhibited by diisopropyfluorophosphate and phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride. This suggested that the enzyme might be a serine protease.