gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter Wave Devices Based on a 3-D Electromagnetic Band Gap Crystal Manufactured by Layer-By-Layer Ceramic Stereolithography (2008)

A 3D Electromagnetic band gap layer-by-layer crystal is studied in the millimeter wave domain. It has been designed and manufactured by 3D ceramic stereolithography with the ceramic material called zircon. Its particular properties have been used to design a high unloaded quality factor cavity (structural defect) localized within this crystal. This cavity has been measured at 30.5 GHz to demonstrate the concept in the millimeter wave domain. This resonant defect has also theoretically been studied while considering a low loss ceramic material such as BZT. It shows that an unloaded Q close to 10 000 can be obtained at this frequency.
Metallization of solid hydrogen at megabar pressures: A first-principles quasiparticle study (1991)

Quasiparticle calculations have been performed for the band gap of solid molecular hydrogen in the hcp structure. The calculations predict that the orientationally ordered phase undergoes metallization due to an indirect band overlap at the volume V=2.50 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mol and the orientationally disordered phase at V=1.89 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mol, which correspond to metallization pressures of 151 and 300 GPa, respectively. A quantitative relation between the degree of orientational order and the metallization volume is obtained.
Inhibition of the Ubc9 E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme-CRMP2 interaction decreases NaV1.7 currents and reverses experimental neuropathic pain (2018)

We previously reported that destruction of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification site in the axonal collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) was sufficient to selectively decrease trafficking of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 and reverse neuropathic pain. Here, we further interrogate the biophysical nature of the interaction between CRMP2 and the SUMOylation machinery, and test the hypothesis that a rationally designed CRMP2 SUMOylation motif (CSM) peptide can interrupt E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9-dependent modification of CRMP2 leading to a similar suppression of NaV1.7 currents. Microscale thermophoresis and amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous alpha assay revealed a low micromolar binding affinity between CRMP2 and Ubc9. A heptamer peptide harboring CRMP2's SUMO motif, also bound with similar affinity to Ubc9, disrupted the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, incubation of a tat-conjugated cell-penetrating peptide (t-CSM) decreased sodium currents, predominantly NaV1.7, in a model neuronal cell line. Dialysis of t-CSM peptide reduced CRMP2 SUMOylation and blocked surface trafficking of NaV1.7 in rat sensory neurons. Fluorescence dye-based imaging in rat sensory neurons demonstrated inhibition of sodium influx in the presence of t-CSM peptide; by contrast, calcium influx was unaffected. Finally, t-CSM effectively reversed persistent mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity induced by a spinal nerve injury, a model of neuropathic pain. Structural modeling has now identified a pocket-harboring CRMP2's SUMOylation motif that, when targeted through computational screening of ligands/molecules, is expected to identify small molecules that will biochemically and functionally target CRMP2's SUMOylation to reduce NaV1.7 currents and reverse neuropathic pain.
351. Inhibition of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in the Neural Stem Cells of Newborn and Adult Mice In Vivo: Consequences on Target Gene Expression (2006)

The discovery of adult neural stem cells (NSC) in the mammalian brain a few years ago raised the possibility of new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of genetic or inherited neurological disorders. However, little is known about the fundamental biology of this NSC population, and functional analysis of target genes has to be done to better understand the mechanisms underlying their proliferation or differentiation pathways. The tightly localised position of these neural stem cells in the subependymal area lining the lateral ventricles in the brain make them accessible to gene transfer by stereotaxic injections in the lateral ventricles. Knocking down the expression of a target gene by RNA interference (RNAi) in the NSC population of adult mice brains could lead to the determination of the function of a given protein in its in vivo cellular context. After having demonstrated that RNAi technology can be efficient in vivo by stereotaxic injection of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in the lateral ventricles of newborn mice (Hassani et al., 2005), we now address the question of whether small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) could lead to the specific inhibition of a target gene in the same conditions. The advantage in the use of shRNAs is that we actually know that linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) is able to specifically deliver plasmids to NSC and neural progenitors located in the subventricular zone of adult mice brains (Lemkine et al., 2002) after stereotaxic injections in the lateral ventricles. However, PEI is not an efficient vector for the delivery of siRNAs in the brain in vivo (Hassani et al., 2005). On this basis we injected plasmids carrying small hairpin RNAs complexed by L-PEI to the lateral ventricles of newborn mice brains in order to specifically inhibit the expression of a target gene. Our first observation was that shRNAs under the control of a H1- or a CMV-promoter are not efficient for the inhibition of the luciferase target gene in vivo. Surprisingly, we found that an hybrid CMV-H1 promoter directing the expression of the shRNA gave significantly better inhibition of the target gene than a H1- or CMV- promoter alone. As thyroid hormone tri-iodothyronin (T3) is necessary for proliferation of NSC in vivo (Lemkine et al., 2005), we sought to identify the genes involved in T3-mediated regulation of NSC proliferation. Two genes potentially implicated in NSC proliferation were tested and found to respond to T3 in the newborn mouse brain: CyclinD1 and Sox2. We found that cyclinD1 expression was significantly decreased after T3 treatment of hypothyroid animals, and that this repression involved Thyroid hormone Receptor alpha1 (TRa1). Sox2 is a transcription factor that is a major player in embryonic neurogenesis. Its expression is limited to NSC in the adult. Sox2 was found to be activated by T3 in newborn mice brains. We now aim to determine whether Sox2 is also regul ated by T3 via TRa1 or via another TR, and we will assess this question by inhibiting TRa1 with specific shRNAs.
Antihepatitis B therapy: a review of current medications and novel small molecule inhibitors (2013)

Abstract There are approximately 350 million hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) carriers worldwide. Chronic HBV infection increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, two classes of antiviral drugs have been approved by the F ood and D rug A dministration for the treatment of hepatitis B , immunomodulators (interferon [ IFN ]‐α and pegylated‐interferon [ PEG ‐ IFN ]‐α) and nucleos(t)ide analogs (lamivudine, telbivudine, adefovir, tenofovir [ TDF ], and entecavir [ ETV ]). Of these, ETV , TDF , and PEG ‐ IFN ‐α are the most effective and are currently recommended for anti‐ HBV therapy. However, these therapies are less than optimal because of their low rate of viral DNA and surface antigen clearance; thus, there exists a significant unmet medical need for safe and efficacious new anti‐ HBV drugs. Covering diverse chemical structures and mechanisms of action, non‐nucleos(t)ide compounds offer great promise in the search for new anti‐ HBV drugs. This review summarizes the currently approved anti‐ HBV drugs and highlights advances in the identification and characterization of novel small molecule HBV inhibitors. We discuss the sources, structures, anti‐ HBV effects, mechanisms of action, and potential toxicities of these novel inhibitors.
Familial aggregation of left main coronary artery disease and future risk of coronary events in asymptomatic siblings of affected patients (2008)

We thank Dr Patel et al. for their kind interest in our manuscript. Indeed, we agree with the authors that manifestation of atherosclerosis is anatomically diffuse and as such modulated by several, including heritable, risk factors. Also, their notion that left main disease (LMD) is rarely an isolated phenomenon but rather occurs in addition to disease manifestation at other branches of the coronary tree is concordant with our results. Based on their clinical observations, Dr Patel et al. argue that the heritability of LMD is a surrogate of heritability of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) rather than a result from distinct heritable predisposition. They further conclude that coincidence of …
A Twisted Pair Cryogenic Filter (2006)

In low temperature transport measurements, there is frequently a need to protect a device at cryogenic temperatures from thermal noise originating in warmer parts of the experiment. There are also a wide range of experiments, such as high precision transport measurements on low impedance devices, in which a twisted-pair wiring configuration is useful to eliminate magnetic pickup. Furthermore, with the rapid growth in complexity of cryogenic experiments, as in the field of quantum computing, there is a need for more filtered lines into a cryostat than are often available using the bulky low temperature filters in use today. We describe a low cost filter that provides the needed RF attenuation while allowing for tens of wires in a twisted pair configuration with an RF-tight connection to the sample holder. Our filter consists of manganin twisted pairs wrapped in copper tape with a light-tight connection to the shield of the sample holder. We demonstrate agreement of our filter with a theoretical model up to the noise floor of our measurement apparatus (90 dB). We describe operation of our filter in noise thermometry experiments down to 10 mK.
Pulse width modulated series inverter with inductor-transformer in low power applications (1971)

The power requirements for spacecraft have been increasing steadily from the watts requirements to kilowatts requirements. Simultaneously, however, the demands on reliability and simplicity of conversion circuits have been raised and the weight allowances in pound per kilowatt of conversion equipment have been lowered.
A Novel Biomimetic Torsional Actuator Design Using Twisted Polymer Actuators (2017)

Artificial muscle systems have the potential to impact many technologies ranging from advanced prosthesis to miniature robotics. Recently, it has been shown that twisting drawn polymer monofilaments, such as nylon fishing line or sewing thread, can result in a biomimetic thermally activated torsional actuator. The actuation phenomenon in these twisted polymer actuators (TPAs) is thought to be a result of an untwisting that occurs about the fiber’s axis due to an anisotropic thermal expansion. Before being twisted, the precursor fibers are comprised of polymer chains that are aligned axially. During fabrication of TPAs, the polymer chains reorient as the precursor fiber is twisted about the central axis of the monofilament. At the end of the fabrication process, the TPA is annealed in order to relieve internal stresses and to keep the fiber in the twisted configuration. The mechanism of untwisting actuation is generally thought to be a result of radial expansion and axial contraction. After being twisted, these radial and axial expansion relationships remain relatively unchanged, but the polymer chain direction is no longer axially aligned. Thus, upon heating the twisted fibers of the TPA, the fibers untwist and torsional actuation occurs. This actuation phenomenon has been used in the past to create linear actuators, but can also be use directly as a torsional actuator. Compared to other torsional actuators TPAs are low cost, lightweight, and can actuate reasonably high torques per unit volume. However, because TPAs are thermally activated, they may not be suitable for all applications. In this work, we present a novel TPA design for use as a torsional actuator for miniature actuation and artificial muscle applications. Our design bundles twisted monofilaments to increase the torque. Both fabrication and testing methods of the new design are presented. Results for temperature versus torsional displacement under various loads give insights as to how these actuators may be used and the reversibility of the actuation process under different fabrication loads. Additionally, comparisons are made between these bundled actuators and similarly loaded single TPA monofilament actuation.
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by a simplified nested amplification protocol (1994)

We have developed a simplified protocol based on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Using this protocol, we detected the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome within 24 hours in the CSF of 19 of 21 patients (90%) with clinically suspected tuberculous meningitis. The PCR results were negative in all 79 nontuberculous meningitis controls.
Rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 autophosphorylating protein kinase, autophosphorylating protein kinase 500. Purification, biochemical and immunological characterization, and substrate specificity. (1984)

A novel autophosphorylating protein kinase, autophosphorylating protein kinase 500, independent of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, calcium, and calmodulin was purified from rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by the chromatographic steps of DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration, cyclic AMP-epoxy Sepharose, and phosphocellulose. Sometimes two additional chromatographic purification steps of chromatofocusing and gel filtration were necessary for complete purification. The enzyme was homogeneous as evidenced by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sucrose density sedimentation studies indicated that Mr of the enzyme was 490,000, while ultracentrifugal analysis demonstrated a value of 481,400 (+/-7%). The protein was composed of two identical subunits each with Mr = 250,000. The enzyme molecule was slightly asymmetric with frictional and sedimentation coefficients of 1.28 and 18.20, respectively, and a Stokes radius of 66 A. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis revealed a single peak with pI 4.6, indicating acidity of the protein. The enzyme self phosphorylated one or more of its serine residues. The reaction utilized the terminal phosphate of ATP; GTP was inactive. Divalent cations (5 mM Mn2+ or 10 mM Mg2+) were essential for optimum activity. Autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 did not phosphorylate the commonly used exogenous substrates such as histones, casein, phosvitin, or protamine. Analysis of autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 with rabbit anti-autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 IgG by immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immune electrophoresis demonstrated single arcs of precipitation, confirming the biochemical demonstration of enzyme purification and homogeneity. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed an intracytoplasmic localization of the enzyme in cultured and freshly isolated adrenocortical carcinoma 494 cells. Both cell types revealed an intensity of perinuclear enzyme fluorescence, but an absence of the enzyme in the nuclei or nucleoli. The anti-autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 IgG blocked the self-catalyzed phosphorylation of autophosphorylating protein kinase 500, providing immunological support of the biochemical results that autophosphorylation is an intrinsic characteristic of the enzyme. When autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 was incubated with membrane-bound ribosomes, it phosphorylated a Mr = 31,000 protein. This phosphorylation was blocked by the anti-autophosphorylating protein kinase 500 IgG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Table S2 from SIX2 Mediates Late-Stage Metastasis via Direct Regulation of <i>SOX2</i> and Induction of a Cancer Stem Cell Program (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of enriched pathways after GSEA Analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Electrocatalytic activity of electrochemically dealloyed PdCu3 intermetallic compound towards oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media (2018)

A structurally ordered phase of PdCu<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles (NPs)/carbon black (CB), in which PdCu<sub>3</sub> has a Cu<sub>3</sub>Au-type structure, was prepared by co-reduction of Pd and Cu precursors using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and an annealing procedure.
Erratum: Computational understanding of Li-ion batteries (2016)

Correction to: npj Computational Materials (2016) 2, 16002; doi:10.1038/npjcompumats.2016.2; published online 18 March 2016 Since the online publication of the above article, it has been noted that an acknowledgement section should have been included and the text should read: ‘This work was supported primarily by the U.
UHF Deployable Helical Antennas for CubeSats (2016)

The design process and the deployment mechanism of a quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) and a conical log spiral antenna (CLSA) are presented. The two antennas are proposed to operate in the UHF frequency band. They are composed of conductors that are embedded and supported by innovative structural techniques. This allows efficient folding, packaging, and deployment once in space. The conductors in the QHA are composed of beryllium copper and are supported by helical arms of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> glass fiber reinforced epoxy. The CLSA, on the other hand, has conductors that are made out of a mesh of phosphor bronze and incorporated inside thin insulators composed of continuous fiber composites. The new aspects of these designs lie in their structures and deployment mechanisms. The deployment mechanisms for both antennas include helical pantograph and origami patterns such as Z-folding configurations. Both antennas are fabricated and tested for both deployment and radiation performance. A comparison is executed between both designs, and their potential deployment possibilities from CubeSats are also investigated.
COD REDUCTION OF BAKER'S YEAST WASTEWATER USING BATCH ELECTROCOAGULATION (2014)

The aim of the present work was to investigate experimentally the reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels from baker's yeast wastewater (BYW) using batch electrocoagulation (EC) treatment process.An electrocoagulation unit with six iron electrodes was designed to achieve this treatment task.The effect of several operational parameters including pH, direct current (DC) density (I ρ ), mixing speed (MS), and temperature (T) on the performance of EC process was studied.The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiency of the COD was up to 85%.The visual test showed that the electrocoagulation process was able to remove completely the dark brown color of baker's yeast wastewater.The corresponding electrical energy and electrode consumption per kg COD removed was around 0.493 kWh and 2.956 kg iron, respectively.In addition, it was demonstrated that the reduction rate of COD follows the first-order model whose kinetic parameter, k, depends strongly on the DC current density according to a power law relation.
Contribution of 16S rRNA nucleotides forming the 30S subunit A and P sites to translation inEscherichia coli (2005)

Many contacts between the ribosome and its principal substrates, tRNA and mRNA, involve universally conserved rRNA nucleotides, implying their functional importance in translation. Here, we measure the in vivo translation activity conferred by substitution of each 16S rRNA base believed to contribute to the A or P site. We find that the 30S P site is generally more tolerant of mutation than the 30S A site. In the A site, A1493C or any substitution of G530 or A1492 results in complete loss of translation activity, while A1493U and A1493G decrease translation activity by >20-fold. Among the P-site nucleotides, A1339 is most critical; any mutation of A1339 confers a >18-fold decrease in translation activity. Regarding all other P-site bases, ribosomes harboring at least one substitution retain considerable activity, >10% that of control ribosomes. Moreover, several sets of multiple substitutions within the 30S P site fail to inactivate the ribosome. The robust nature of the 30S P site indicates that its interaction with the codon-anticodon helix is less stringent than that of the 30S A site. In addition, we show that G1338A suppresses phenotypes conferred by m(2)G966A and several multiple P-site substitutions, suggesting that adenine at position 1338 can stabilize tRNA interaction in the P site.
Geranylgeranoic acid, a bioactive and endogenous fatty acid in mammals: a review (2023)

Geranylgeranoic acid (GGA) was first reported in 1983 as one of the mevalonic acid metabolites, but its biological significance was not studied for a long time. Our research on the antitumor effects of retinoids led us to GGA, one of the acyclic retinoids that induce cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines. We were able to demonstrate the presence of endogenous GGA in various tissues of male rats, including the liver, testis, and cerebrum, by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of GGA from mevalonic acid in mammals including humans was confirmed by isotopomer spectral analysis using <sup>13</sup>C-labeled mevalonolactone and cultured hepatoma cells, and the involvement of hepatic monoamine oxidase B in the biosynthesis of GGA was also demonstrated. The biological activity of GGA was analyzed from the retinoid (differentiation induction) and nonretinoid (cell death induction) aspects, and in particular, the nonretinoid mechanism by which GGA induces cell death in hepatoma cells was found to involve pyroptosis via ER stress responses initiated by TLR4 signaling. In addition to these effects of GGA, we also describe the in vivo effects of GGA on reproduction. In this review, based mainly on our published papers, we have shown that hepatic monoamine oxidase B is involved in the biosynthesis of GGA and that GGA induces cell death in human hepatoma-derived cell lines by noncanonical pyroptosis, one of the mechanisms of sterile inflammatory cell death.
One-step fabrication of triple-layered microcapsules by a tri-axial flow focusing device for microencapsulation of soluble drugs and imaging agents (2016)

In this work, the microencapsulation of water-soluble drug (doxorubicin, Dox) and imaging agent (perfluorocarbon, PFC) is performed by a novel liquid driven tri-axial flow focusing (LDTFF) device. The formation of stable triple-layered cone-jet mode can be observed in the simple well-assembled LDTFF device, providing an easy approach to fabricate mono-disperse triple-layered microcapsules with high encapsulation efficiency, high throughput and low cost in just one step. The fluorescence images show that the microcapsules have a satisfactory core-shell structure. The SEM micrographs show spherical and smooth surface views of the triple-layered microcapsules after being stirred 72h to remove the organic solvent totally. The results of thermo-responsive release experiments of the produced triple-layered microcapsules show these multifunctional capsules can be well stimulated when the environment temperature is beyond 55 degree centigrade. In a word, this novel approach has a great potential in applications such as drug delivery and image-guided therapy.