gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Stephanotic Acid Methyl Ester (2006)

[structure: see text]The methyl ester of the naturally occurring macrocyclic pentapeptide stephanotic acid, containing an unusual beta-substituted alpha-amino acid with a tryptophan C-6 to leucine beta-carbon link, has been synthesized. The key steps include the formation of this amino acid through a thioxo-oxazolidine intermediate and a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction using a phosphonoglycine, derived by a dirhodium(II)-catalyzed N-H insertion reaction, to give a dehydroamino acid and subsequent rhodium(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation to introduce the modified tryptophan residue.
Wavelength and line width measurement of optical sources with femtometre resolution (2005)

A new and very simple method for the wavelength and line width measurement of optical sources with a resolution in the femtometre range is presented. Our method is based on the amplification of a backscattered wave by a pump wave due to Brillouin scattering. It requires neither a fast photodiode nor a spectrum analyser of any kind.
Road traffic estimation from cellular network monitoring: A hands-on investigation (2009)

In this paper we present a road traffic estimation system built on top of the cellular network infrastructure. Based on the concept that many road users are also customers of a cellular operator, we show that specific road conditions map to certain signaling patterns in the cellular core network. In order to estimate the road traffic, signaling is collected from the core network of an operational mobile network. We explore the feasibility of using mobility-related signaling for pantomiming local-loop sensors, i.e. counting the number of vehicles crossing a specific road section. In this work we present the main system component and discuss a number of practical issues to be considered in the deployment of such system. Based on the explorative analysis of real signaling data, we show how normal and abnormal road conditions (e.g. accidents) map into mobility signaling in a real cellular network.
Effect of ovotransferrin, protamine sulfate and EDTA combination on biofilm formation by catheter-associated bacteria (2006)

This study shows that a synergistic composition-comprising non-antibiotic generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds such as OT, PS and EDTA may be used in the prevention of catheter-related infections.
Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage responses affect cell compressibility (2022)

Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for cancer patients. Ionizing radiation kills cancer cells by inducing DNA damage. However, it remains unclear how this process affects the biomechanical properties of cells and how cellular mechanics affect DNA damage and repair. In this study, the effects of ionizing radiation on cell mechanics were investigated by precisely measuring the compressibility of cells in suspension using an in-house developed microfluidic device. We found that cell compressibility significantly increased after irradiation, depending on cell type and radiation dose. Radiation-induced DNA damage response (DDR) is an important process that alters cell mechanics, and this association was confirmed experimentally by inhibiting the DDR process. Furthermore, the mechanisms involved in changes in cell compressibility were investigated from the perspective of the nucleus and cytoplasm. Experiments showed that radiation reduced H3K9me3 staining intensity but had no effect on F-actin. This suggested that chromatin decondensation caused by radiation-induced DDR is the primary cause of changes in cell compressibility after radiation. The effects of cell mechanics on radiation-induced DNA damage were also investigated. The addition of blebbistatin reduced cytoskeletal forces on the nucleus, which resulted in a reduction in radiation-induced DNA damage. Collectively, this study elucidated reciprocal mechanisms of radiation-induced DNA damage and cell mechanics.
Identification of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan-4 In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Monoclonal Antibody 225.28 (2011)

Abstract Abstract 4885 Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CSPG4) is a membrane-bound proteoglycan that is expressed on the surface of differentiated malignant cells, progenitor cells, and cancer initiating cells in various types of solid tumors. CSPG4 is highly conserved through evolution; its structure, amino acid sequence and functional properties show a high degree of homology with its rat counterpart, named neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2). CSPG4 has been shown to be involved in the activation of several signaling pathways that play an important role in tumor progression. Because of its high levels of expression on malignant cells and its restricted distribution in normal tissues, CSPG4 is potential candidate tumor marker and target for immune- and targeted therapy. CSPG4 has been shown previously to be expressed on AML cells using an antibody raised against the rat counterpart and levels of expression were correlated with the clinical course of the disease. In this report we extend these findings by identifying a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed at a human CSPG4 epitope and then used this antibody to examine co-expression with other common markers in AML as well as important molecular/cytogenetic abnormalities. Initially we screened a panel of 15 CSPG4-specific mAb which recognize 7 distinct epitopes for reactivity with leukemic blasts. mAb 225.28 was shown to have the highest reactivity and was selected for further studies. CSPG4 expression using mb225.28 was detected in 18/18 peripheral blood samples containing AML blasts at levels ranging from 0.2% to 98%. 7 samples showed less than 10% CSPG4 positive cells, 2 showed 10 – 20% positivity, 4 showed 20 – 30% positivity, and 5 showed greater than 30% positivity. CSPG-4 expression was not confined to any single blast sub-population defined by co-staining with CD34, CD117 and CD33. The expression of CSPG4 was shown on leukemic cells with mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements, FTL3 mutation, NPM1 mutation, and complex cytogenetic abnormalities. These results indicate that the expression of CSPG4 is not restricted to any sub-type of AML or confined to one developmental compartment and using the mAb 225.28 CSPG4 may constitute a potential marker for AML. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Genomic insights into metabolic flux in hummingbirds (2023)

Hummingbirds are very well adapted to sustain efficient and rapid metabolic shifts. They oxidize ingested nectar to directly fuel flight when foraging but have to switch to oxidizing stored lipids derived from ingested sugars during the night or long-distance migratory flights. Understanding how this organism moderates energy turnover is hampered by a lack of information regarding how relevant enzymes differ in sequence, expression, and regulation. To explore these questions, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly of the ruby-throated hummingbird (<i>A. colubris</i>) using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing, scaffolding it using existing assemblies. We then used hybrid long- and short-read RNA sequencing of liver and muscle tissue in fasted and fed metabolic states for a comprehensive transcriptome assembly and annotation. Our genomic and transcriptomic data found positive selection of key metabolic genes in nectivorous avian species and deletion of critical genes (<i>SLC2A4</i>, <i>GCK</i>) involved in glucostasis in other vertebrates. We found expression of a fructose-specific version of <i>SLC2A5</i> putatively in place of insulin-sensitive <i>SLC2A5</i>, with predicted protein models suggesting affinity for both fructose and glucose. Alternative isoforms may even act to sequester fructose to preclude limitations from transport in metabolism. Finally, we identified differentially expressed genes from fasted and fed hummingbirds, suggesting key pathways for the rapid metabolic switch hummingbirds undergo.
Perspectives of Overdamped Josephson Junctions in Voltage Standard Applications (2010)

We discuss the main characteristics that must be satisfied by Josephson junctions for metrological applications and, specifically, in the development of voltage standards of new generation. Data reported in the literature for the most established technologies, like SNS (Superconductor-Normal conductor-Superconductor), SINIS (Superconductor-Insulator-Normal conductor-Insulator-Superconductor) and others, are analyzed and compared. The properties of Nb/Al-AlO x /Nb overdamped SNIS (Superconductor-Normal conductor-Insulator-Superconductor) Josephson junctions developed at INRiM are also presented, since these junctions can optimize crucial parameters such as the current density and the characteristic voltage. Operation at temperatures above 4.2 K is also discussed, in view of using cryocooler setups to replace liquid helium refrigeration systems.
Robust and High-Performance Machine Vision System for Automatic Quality Inspection in Assembly Processes (2022)

This paper addresses the problem of automatic quality inspection in assembly processes by discussing the design of a computer vision system realized by means of a heterogeneous multiprocessor system-on-chip. Such an approach was applied to a real catalytic converter assembly process, to detect planar, translational, and rotational shifts of the flanges welded on the central body. The manufacturing line imposed tight time and room constraints. The image processing method and the features extraction algorithm, based on a specific geometrical model, are described and validated. The algorithm was developed to be highly modular, thus suitable to be implemented by adopting a hardware-software co-design strategy. The most timing consuming computational steps were identified and then implemented by dedicated hardware accelerators. The entire system was implemented on a Xilinx Zynq heterogeneous system-on-chip by using a hardware-software (HW-SW) co-design approach. The system is able to detect planar and rotational shifts of welded flanges, with respect to the ideal positions, with a maximum error lower than one millimeter and one sexagesimal degree, respectively. Remarkably, the proposed HW-SW approach achieves a 23× speed-up compared to the pure software solution running on the Zynq embedded processing system. Therefore, it allows an in-line automatic quality inspection to be performed without affecting the production time of the existing manufacturing process.
Multiscale sequence modeling with a learned dictionary (2017)

We propose a generalization of neural network sequence models. Instead of predicting one symbol at a time, our multi-scale model makes predictions over multiple, potentially overlapping multi-symbol tokens. A variation of the byte-pair encoding (BPE) compression algorithm is used to learn the dictionary of tokens that the model is trained with. When applied to language modelling, our model has the flexibility of character-level models while maintaining many of the performance benefits of word-level models. Our experiments show that this model performs better than a regular LSTM on language modeling tasks, especially for smaller models.
Spine Trauma Associated With Off-Road Vehicles (1988)

In brief: A seven-year review of 1,447 cases of spine trauma showed a 10% increase in sports-related spine trauma from 1980 to 1986; 53 cases were associated with use of off-road vehicles (ATVs, snowmobiles, and motorized dirt bikes). Of these 53 injuries, the major contributing factors were alcohol or drug use, inadequate lighting, poor judgment, and young age. The authors suggest the development of safe riding areas, legislation governing safe operation of these vehicles, and a major public education campaign specifically geared toward parents, warning them of the dangers of allowing children to operate these machines.
Low-level microwave effect on nerve pulse propagation velocity (2004)

The hypotheses that microwave radiation can affect permeability of the nerve fibers membranes or myelin sheaths was examined in this study. The changes in fiber membrane permeability affect propagation velocity of the nerve pulse. The experimental investigation was carried out for nerve pulse propagation velocity with and without applied microwave field and different orientations of its polarization to the nerve axon. The 450 MHz radiation was applied polarized perpendicular or parallel to the nerve fiber. The measured field power density at the skin was 0.87 mW/cm/sup 2/. The left and right nervus medianus motor nerve fibers of two young female subjects were under the study. The results of 20 measurements show that low-level microwave radiation caused statistically significant increase in nerve pulse propagation velocity in human motor nerve fiber. It is important to point out that the effect depends on polarization. The changes were detected for perpendicular to the nerve fiber polarization only. The effect would be related rather to reduction of axional resistance of the nerve axon than to the myelin sheath.
Androgens Regulate Protein Kinase Cδ Transcription and Modulate Its Apoptotic Function in Prostate Cancer Cells (2006)

Abstract Activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), a member of the novel PKC family, leads to apoptosis in several cell types. Although the molecular bases of PKCδ activation are being unfolded, limited information is available on the mechanisms that control its expression. Here, we report that in prostate cancer cells PKCδ is tightly regulated by androgens at the transcriptional level. Steroid depletion from the culture medium causes a pronounced down-regulation of PKCδ protein and mRNA in androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells, an effect that is rescued by the androgen R1881 in an androgen receptor (AR)–dependent manner. Analysis of the PKCδ promoter revealed a putative androgen responsive element (ARE) located 4.7 kb upstream from the transcription start site. Luciferase reporter assays show that this element is highly responsive to androgens, and mutations in key nucleotides in the AR-binding consensus abolish reporter activity. Furthermore, using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we determined that the AR binds in vivo to the PKCδ ARE in response to androgen stimulation. Functional studies revealed that, notably, androgens modulate phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)–induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells, an effect that is dependent on PKCδ. Indeed, androgen depletion or AR RNA interference severely impaired the apoptotic function of PKCδ or the activation of p38, a downstream effector of PKCδ in LNCaP cells—effects that can be rescued by restoring PKCδ levels using an adenoviral delivery approach. Our studies identified a novel hormonal mechanism for the control of PKCδ expression via transcriptional regulation that fine-tunes the magnitude of PKCδ apoptotic responses. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11792-801)
On the Properties of Non-crystalline Films Containing TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> Prepared from Metal Alkoxides (1977)

金属アルコレートを出発原料にして, SiO2をほぼ50mol%以上含むTiO2-ZrO2-SiO2系の透明な非晶質膜を作成し, 膜の耐アルカリ性および屈折率を測定した. 特に耐アルカリ性におよぼすZr4+イオンとTi4+イオンの効果を赤外線スペクトルの測定結果を参考にしながら検討した.膜の屈折率は加熱温度の上昇とともに増加し, 500℃以上でほぼ一定の値に達した. 非晶質膜の屈折率は, TiO2-SiO2およびZrO2-SiO2系とも, TiO2あるいはZrO2含有量の増加とともにほぼ直線的に増加した. 一方, 非晶質膜の耐アルカリ性は, TiO2-SiO2系ではTiO2量の増加とともに徐々に向上したのに対し, ZrO2-SiO2系では少量のZrO2の導入により著しく向上し, ほぼ20mol%で最も優れた耐アルカリ性を示した. また, TiO2-SiO2系に比較して非常に優れていた.アルカリ溶液に浸漬した非晶質膜の赤外線スペクトルの測定から, Ti4+イオンはSi4+イオンとともにSi-O-Ti結合を形成することにより, Zr4+イオンはシリカ網目構造の空間に入り構造全体を充填度の高いものにすることにより, 非晶質膜の耐アルカリ性が向上すると説明された.
[Clinical course characteristics of polymyalgia arteritica. Study of 16 cases]. (1979)

Clinical and biological characteristics are studied in 16 patients with polymyalgia arteritica. 12 of them were diagnosed by biopsy of the temporal artery and the other 4 because they presented clinical, biological data and a high response to corticosteroids. There were no differences according to sex. Most patients (75%) had symptoms since 1-6 months, headache being the most common (75%). Fever (56%), polymyalgia (50%), weight loss (37%), intermittent claudication, loss of vision and arthritis (12%) were the symptoms seen in these patients. ERS was high in all cases, hemoglobin was less than 8 g/100 ml in 8 cases and an increase of alfa-2-globuline was found in 8 patients. Temporal artery palpation was abnormal in 11 patients. Two of 5 patients who presented a normal arterial palpation had a positive biopsy. All patients received 6-metil-prednisolone. 3 are well after 3, 4 and 6 months therapy. 8 are also well but receiving small doses of steroids as treatment.
Les concepts et méthodes de raisonnement du nouveau droit public: conclusions générales (2011)

Examining the concepts and methods of reasoning of the new public law leads to putting into perspective several decades of significant developments of public law within European states in order to determine to what extent, beyond the permanence of words, a profound transformation is taking place, revealing a new public law, new because it is being fundamentally renewed or reestablished. Neither having, in any way, the ambition to be exhaustive, nor to present a full record which would obviously be premature, it seems possible to draw two conclusions: the foundations of public law have changed profoundly, leading to a renewal of its functions. Marked, following the advent of the Rule of Law, by a new aspiration towards the emergence of a society of law, public law explores new fields in which its traditional legitimating and regulatory functions are being significantly reconsidered. Whatever might be one's view on these transformations, their reality is undoubtful and the jurist's role, after having presented them, is to try to identify the rules and principles guaranteeing that, restructured, the new public law remains ordered.
Global Coordinates and Exact Aberration Calculations Applied to Physical Optics Modeling of Complex Optical Systems (1986)

Historically, wave optics computer codes have been paraxial in nature. Folded systems could be modeled by &quot;unfolding&quot; the optical system. Calculation of optical aberrations is, in general, left for the analyst to do with off-line codes. While such paraxial codes were adequate for the simpler systems being studied 10 years ago, current problems such as phased arrays, ring resonators, coupled resonators, and grazing incidence optics require a major advance in analytical capability. This paper describes extension of the physical optics codes GLAD and GLAD V to include a global coordinate system and exact ray aberration calculations. The global coordinate system allows components to be positioned and rotated arbitrarily. Exact aberrations are calculated for components in aligned or misaligned configurations by using ray tracing to compute optical path differences and diffraction propagation. Optical path lengths between components and beam rotations in complex mirror systems are calculated accurately so that coherent interactions in phased arrays and coupled devices may be treated correctly.
Robust Adaptive Dynamic Inversion with $\mathcal{L}_{1}$ Control Variable Error Regulation (2019)

Dynamic inversion (DI) is a special case of input-output feedback linearization and in the class of model referenced control (MRC) architectures where high-fidelity on-board models for aircraft aerodynamics, propulsion, and mass properties are required to successfully transform the closed loop system from a nonlinear to linear design problem. A well published issue with DI is the lack of robustness with the method due to this sensitivity in on-board model error, potentially leading to the onset of residual and undesirable dynamics. This paper explores L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> adaptive augmentation with a minimally invasive approach to a baseline dynamic inversion flight control system, by casting control variable error regulation as an additional high rate loop. Robustness linear analysis results are presented for the Innovative Control Effectors (ICE) tailless fighter aircraft where relative stability is characterized using minimum singular values of the return difference and stability robustness transfer function matrices for the multi-input multi-output system.
Aestuarium zhoushanense is a later heterotypic synonym of Marivivens donghaensis, and transfer of Paradonghicola geojensis to the genus Marivivens as Marivivens geojensis comb. nov (2022)

The 16S rRNA genes of <i>Aestuarium zhoushanense</i> G7<sup>T</sup> and <i>Paradonghicola geojensis</i> FJ12<sup>T</sup> shared 100 % sequence identity with <i>Marivivens donghaensis</i> AM-4<sup>T</sup>. Phylogeny of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the three type strains formed a monophyletic clade within the genus <i>Marivivens</i>. Whole genome sequence comparisons showed that three type strains shared 46.7-69.7 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization, 92.1-96.4 % average nucleotide identity and 96.2-98.1 % average amino acid identity. The high 16S rRNA gene similarity values show that three type strains should belong to the same genus. The pan-genome of the five strains contained 5754 genes including 1877 core genes. Based on the principle of priority, we propose that <i>A. zhoushanense</i> Yu <i>et al</i>. 2019 is a later heterotypic synonym of <i>M. donghaensis</i> Park <i>et al</i>. 2016, and <i>P. geojensis</i> should be reclassified as <i>Marivivens geojensis</i> comb. nov., respectively.
The Significance of Longitudinal Heat Flow in Welds (1986)

Numerical models for calculating the thermal changes associated with the welding process often assume that heat flow in the direction of the weld can be neglected. A well-tested, fully three-dimensional finite difference model is used to examine this assumption. The cooling rate behaviour of a series of bead-on-thin-plate welds with and without longitudinal heat flow is presented. The results are generalized for any thin plate welding situation in nondimensional terms for estimating the effect of neglecting longitudinal heat flow. It is shown that low temperature cooling rates can be in error by 10 to 20%. It is argued that for some purposes (e.g. predicting HAZ hardness) a cooling rate error of this size is not great and neglecting longitudinal heat flow is justified. In other situations this may not be the case. Since there is about a sixty-fold reduction in the computing costs when the welding process is approximated with a two dimensional model, the results of this investigation are expected to be of some importance in practice.