gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building effective prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis in the outpatient setting. (1999)

Perioperative prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) usually coincides with the duration of hospital stay, typically lasting between 5 and 14 days. However, mounting evidence indicates that the risk of postoperative VTE persists for at least five weeks after orthopaedic surgery and six weeks following general surgery, suggesting that prolonged prophylaxis may reduce the burden of thromboembolic complications. As interest in extending prophylaxis grows, however, economic pressures and patient preferences are contributing to ever shorter hospital stays, giving rise to an exploration of administering prolonged prophylaxis to ambulatory patients at home. Effective outpatient prophylaxis for VTE must be safe, simple to use and convenient for patients to maximize compliance. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are at least as safe and effective as standard low-dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) in preventing thromboembolic events, and can be administered subcutaneously at a fixed daily dose without monitoring. Clinical studies in patients with total hip replacement have demonstrated that LMWHs, administered at home once daily for up to four weeks following hospital discharge, are safe and well-tolerated and significantly reduce the incidence of post-discharge deep vein thrombosis. Due to the high costs of treating thromboembolic complications and post-thrombotic syndrome, appropriately targeted prolonged thromboprophylaxis may be cost-effective.
Applications of Biochromes and Similar Films (1998)

By the end of 1985, it had become clear that biological biochromic films may find wide application in those fields of science and technology where the application of traditional organic and inorganic photochromic materials had been long suggested, but had to be postponed because of the low speed and modest cyclicity of the traditional photochromes (see Section 4B.). The results of Biochrome-BR research which had accumulated during the period from 1978–88, revealed their advantages against the traditional photochromes [Ivanitsky and Vsevolodov 1985] [Vsevolodov 1988]. In one of the referred works, the results obtained by Russian scientists (mainly physicists) were published, showing the following multiple capacities of biochromic films:
Antibacteria Techniques and Their Applications on Leather Industry (2005)

Categorization, characteristics and applications of antibacterial agents and development of antibacterial techniques were reviewed. The potential applications in leather industry were discussed.
Mixed-semiconductor evaporated films as filters with very sharp cutoff and some possible applications in electrooptics (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. Kottler, D. Bonnet, and G. Ganson, "Mixed-semiconductor evaporated films as filters with very sharp cutoff and some possible applications in electrooptics," Appl. Opt. 17, 164-165 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Requirement in Activation of the ras/C-raf-1/MEK/ERK and p70s6kSignaling Cascade by the Insulinomimetic Agent Vanadyl Sulfate (1999)

The mechanisms by which inorganic salts of the trace element vanadium mediate their insulinomimetic effects are not clearly understood and were investigated. We have shown previously that vanadium salts activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activities (PI3-K) via a pathway that does not involve the insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase function [Pandey, S. K., Anand-Srivastava, M. B., and Srivastava, A. K. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 7006-7014]. Herein, we have examined a possible role of PI3-K in the vanadyl sulfate (VS)-mediated increase in the level of ras-MAPK activation as well as the contribution of signaling components upstream to MAPK in this VS response. Treatment of IR-overexpressing cells with VS resulted in an increased level of tyrosine phosphorylation of p44(mapk) (ERK-1) and p42(mapk) (ERK-2) along with stimulation of MAPK, MAPK kinase (MEK), and C-raf-1 activities, and ras activation. Preincubation with wortmannin and LY294002, two structurally and mechanistically different inhibitors of PI3-K, blocked the VS-mediated increase in MAPK activity and phosphorylation of ERK-1 and ERK-2. Furthermore, wortmannin inhibited activation of ras, C-raf-1, and MEK in response to VS. The addition of a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, B581, to cells reduced the level of MAPK activation as well as ERK-1 and ERK-2 phosphorylation stimulated by VS. Finally, VS increased PI3-K activity in ras immunoprecipitates. A VS-mediated increase in p70(s6k) activity was also found to be inhibited by wortmannin. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the insulinomimetic effects of VS may be mediated, in part, by PI3-K-dependent stimulation of the ras-MAPK and p70(s6k) pathways.
Efficient complexity reduction technique in trellisdecoding algorithm (1999)

An efficient reduced search trellis decoding algorithm in which the decoder selects a part of existing paths by using a threshold value of the path metric is proposed. The threshold value at each time stage of the trellis is found by simply investigating the statistics of the path metrics, and does not require any prior knowledge such as the signal-to-noise ratio.
A Method for Quick, Low-Cost Automated Confluency Measurements (2011)

A culture's confluency is a fundamental measure in the field of biology, and routine quantification of confluence in cell culture protocols, biological assays and tissue engineering work is important. However, current techniques for obtaining confluency are either subjective, destructive, not simple enough, or time-consuming. We developed an image processing method for automated confluency measurement from a single microscope image without any chemical staining. To demonstrate utility we monitored the confluency of three cell types: NIH3T3 fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts, and 3T3L1 pre-adipocytes for 5 days, twice a day. The captured micrographs had different and uneven illumination, the cell types varied in cell-to-background contrast, and the confluency ranged between 10% and 100%. Despite these variable conditions, our method was shown to be practical, economic, and easy to implement, providing quantitative confluency measurements over time in each culture case. The method is hence suitable for routine automatic determination of confluency to standardize handling of cells, achieve reproducibility across trials, and improve accuracy in experimental outcome measures.
Study on low temperature Cu bonding and temporary bond/de-bond for RDL-first fan-out panel level package (2017)

In this study, Cu-Cu bonding with pillar-concave structure on a polymer layer was investigated to realize better bonding quality at lower temperature, while a low-stress release layer for temporary bond and de-bond by laser ablation was demonstrated to handle a glass panel for re-distribution layer (RDL) process. The low temperature technology can be potentially applied for RDL-first fan-out panel level package (FOPLP).
Build program technique (1976)

The Build Program Technique (BPT) is a method for increasing the reliability of software by establishing control over the design, development and construction of the software product. This paper presents the concepts and processes employed by BPT to automatically construct a time-sharing software product. These concepts and processes are discussed in light of some of the current trends in software architecture: composite design, structured programming and top-down development. A practical application which enjoys the benefits of BPT is discussed to illustrate the advantages and limitations of BPT.
Silvaco ATLAS as a solar cell modeling tool (2005)

This paper presents research efforts conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School in the development of an accurate, physically-based solar cell model using the general-purpose ATLAS device simulator by Silvaco International. Unlike solar cell models based on a combination of discrete electrical components, this novel model extracts the electrical characteristics of a solar cell based on virtual fabrication of its physical structure, allowing for direct manipulation of materials, dimensions, and dopings. In addition, our model has the ability to accurately simulate more advanced solar cell design features including doping gradients, optical properties, back-surface fields, back-surface reflectors, windows, carrier traps, contact grid shading and complex light spectra. Available outputs include I-V characteristics, photogeneration mapping, and spectral response. The operation of the ATLAS software is described in detail and our model is applied to known single junction and multijunction solar cell designs. The results of the solar cell simulation in ATLAS are compared and shown to be similar to published experimental results.
Anoxic injury of rat optic nerve: ultrastructural evidence for coupling between Na+ influx and Ca2+-mediated injury in myelinated CNS axons (1994)

Physiological studies in the anoxic rat optic nerve indicate that irreversible loss of function, measured by the compound action potential, is due to depolarization and run-down of the transmembrane Na+ gradient which triggers Ca2+ entry through reverse Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. EM studies in the anoxic optic nerve have demonstrated characteristic changes, including mitochondrial swelling and dissolution of cristae, submyelinic vacuoles, detachment of perinodal oligodendrocyte-axon loops, and severe cytoskeletal damage with loss of microtubules and neurofilaments within the axoplasm. To further examine the coupling between Na+ influx and Ca(2+)-mediated injury in myelinated axons within anoxic white matter, we have examined the ultrastructural effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX), in the anoxic optic nerve. Optic nerves, maintained in an interface brain slice chamber, were exposed to a 60-min period of anoxia. TTX (1 microM) was introduced 10 min before the onset of anoxia. Nerves were examined at the end of the anoxic period, or after 80 min in 1 microM TTX for normoxic controls. Under normoxic conditions, optic nerve axons exposed to TTX exhibited a normal ultrastructure. In optic nerves exposed to TTX studied at the end of a 60-min period of anoxia, mitochondria showed swelling and loss of cristae, and terminal oligodendroglial loops were detached from the nodal axon membrane. Cytoskeletal architecture was preserved in anoxic optic nerve axons treated with TTX, and axonal microtubules and neurofilaments maintained their continuity. Submyelinic empty spaces were not present. Perinodal astrocyte processes often appeared to be replaced by cellular remnants containing multiple membranous profiles; clusters of shrunken astrocytic processes were present between myelinated axons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anthocyanin Accumulation and Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Radish (Raphanus sativus) (2011)

Radish [Raphanus sativus (Rs)] is an important dietary vegetable in Asian countries, especially China, Japan, and Korea. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in radish, the gene expression of enzymes directly involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was analyzed. These genes include phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). RsDFR and RsANS were found to accumulate in the flesh or skin of two radish cultivars (Man Tang Hong and Hong Feng No.1). Radish skin contained higher CHS, CHI, and F3H transcript levels than radish flesh in all three cultivars. In the red radish, 16 anthocyanins were separated and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and elctrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Some of them were acylated with coumaroyl, malonoyl, feruoyl, and caffeoyl moieties. Furthermore (-)-epicatechin and ferulic acid were also identified in the three cultivars.
Functional Patency of the Cochlear Aqueduct (1982)

The perilymphatic (PP) and cerebrospinal fluid (PCSF) pressures were investigated in relation to pressure variations in the ear canal, middle ear and intracranial compartment before and after occlusion of the cochlear aqueduct (CA). Experiments using intracranial infusion showed that the CA was responsible for a perfect hydrodynamic balance between the CSF and the perilymph. There are indications of additional pressure release factors but their capacities were not sufficient to prevent the appearance of a longstanding and substantial pressure gradient following occlusion of the CA. A gradual PP build-up, from zero to its original level after the CA was opened and occluded, indicated perilymph production within the labyrinth. Investigation of pressure transfer from the ear canal and middle ear to the perilymph showed that the CA was the major pressure release route from the cochlea. Occlusion of the CA reduced the compliance of the inner ear and severely reduced the pressure release capacity. In such a situation the inner ear is almost incapable of equilibrating ambient pressure changes.
Temperature-Dependent Thermal Properties of Phase-Change Memory Electrode Materials (2011)

The programming current required to switch a phase-change memory cell depends upon the thermal resistances in the device. In many designs, significant heat loss occurs through the electrode. This letter investigates the thermal properties of a multilayer electrode stack. This material offers greater thermal resistance than single-material electrodes due to the presence of multiple thermal boundary resistances (TBRs), reducing heat loss from the device and potentially lowering the programming current. Picosecond time-domain thermoreflectance interrogates the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of three as-deposited and postannealed electrode materials: carbon, titanium nitride, and tungsten nitride. These data are used to extract the temperature-dependent, as-deposited, and postannealed TBR in two multilayer electrode stacks: carbon-titanium nitride and tungsten-tungsten nitride. The C-TiN stacks demonstrate an as-deposited TBR of 4.9 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K/GW, increasing to 11.9 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K/GW postanneal. The W-WN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> stacks demonstrate an as-deposited TBR of 3.9 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K/GW, decreasing to 3.6 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K/GW postanneal. These resistances are equivalent to electrode films with thickness on the order of tens of nanometers.
Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green (1976)

The absorption spectrum of indocyanine green depends on the nature of the solvent medium and on the dye concentration. Binding to plasma proteins causes the principal peaks in the absorption spectrum to shift about 25 nm toward the higher wavelengths. The much greater influence on the spectrum of the dye concentration results from progressive aggregate formation with increasing concentration. Indocyanine green solutions therefore do not follow Lambert-Beer's law above 15 mg-I-1 (in plasma). Indocyanine green solutions in plasma and concentrated (1,000 mg-I-1) solutions in distilled water are stable for at least 4 h. In long-term experiments the optical density of indocyanine green solutions in plasma as well as in distilled water generally diminishes, even in the dark. On the 7th day a new absorption maximum starts to appear at gamma=900 nm, possibly caused by further aggregate formation leading to much larger particles. Spectral stabilization after injection of a concentrated solution into the blood is most rapid when the dye is dissolved in distilled water. Spectral stabilization slows down with decreasing temperature. As rapid spectral stabilization is essential in quantitative dye dilution studies, the practice of adding a albumin and/or isotonic saline solution to the injectate should be discontinued. When a 10 g-1(-1) aqueous solution of indocyanine green is used, spectral stabilization takes less than 1.5 a (at 37 degrees C), which is sufficiently fast for almost any application.
Metagenomics for clinical diagnostics: technologies and informatics (2019)

The human-associated microbiome is closely tied to human health and is of substantial clinical interest. Metagenomics-based tools are emerging for clinical diagnostics, tracking the spread of diseases, and surveillance of potential pathogens. In some cases, these tools are overcoming limitations of traditional clinical approaches. Metagenomics has limitations barring the tools from clinical validation. Once these hurdles are overcome, clinical metagenomics will inform doctors of the best, targeted treatment for their patients and provide early detection of disease. Here we present an overview of metagenomics methods with a discussion of computational challenges and limitations.
Alteration of Domain Microstructure by Ultrasound In Lithium Niobate (2003)

A reorientation of the ferroelectric domains under an action of ultrasound in LiNbO3 is observed for the first time. The involvement of the ferroelectric domain boundaries is experimentally identified by the analysis of X-ray reflection and crystal etching. The reorientation of the domains takes place under acoustic deformation of the order of 1E-5 in megahertz frequency range.
Reflectivity of Superimposed Bragg Gratings Induced by Longitudinal Mode Instabilities in Fiber Lasers (2018)

We report on reflectivity of transient Bragg gratings created in the active medium of a fiber laser with longitudinal mode instability. Despite the long history of laser physics, reflectivities of such gratings were theoretically studied and experimentally measured only recently. Based on the coupled-mode theory, we derived a theoretical model of superimposed Bragg gratings for a special case of mode instability known as spontaneous laser line sweeping (SLLS). SLLS fiber lasers exhibit a periodic wavelength drift over an interval of several nanometers, followed by a quick bounce backward, narrowband, and mostly single-frequency operation as well as pulsed output with pulse lengths on the order of microseconds. The refractive index modulation inside the active fiber is given by the Kramers–Kronig relations. For ytterbium, the refractive index change in the 1060-nm band is directly proportional to the metastable level population with a factor of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${\text{2.1}}\times {\text{10}}^{- 31}\,{\text{m}}^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Taking into account realistic values of temporal damping of the gratings, significant reflectivity on the order of units to tens of percent is estimated. The reflectivity can be controlled by setting the SLLS laser parameters. Effect of the resonator length is shown as an example.
A novel real-time ultrasonic method for prion protein detection using plasminogen as a capture molecule (2007)

These results indicate firstly, that the plasminogen coated beads binded selectively to PrPSc and secondly, that a HR-US system can discriminate between scrapie affected and non-affected samples and thus has potential as a tool for the rapid diagnosis for prion diseases. This approach has the significant advantage of not requiring a proteinase K pre-digestion step, which is routinely used in current PrPSc detection assays.
Cytokine data obtained from synovial stromal cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis (2017)

In this article, we share the raw cytokine data obtained from basal and stimulated synovial stromal cells cultured from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. This data article is related to the research article entitled "1,25D<sub>3</sub> and calcipotriol, its hypocalcemic analog, exert a long-lasting anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect in synoviocytes cultured from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (1). Cytokine levels were analyzed by a magnetic bead-based multiplex assay (a panel of 27 important cytokines) in two separate sets of experiments. The first was conducted with IL-1β and 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and the other with TNFα, calcipotriol, i.e. the hypocalcemic analog 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>, and dexamethasone. The raw data of this article display the individual variation in basal secretion of cytokines and in their response to different stimuli.
Strain-Based Geometrically Nonlinear Beam Formulation for Rigid–Flexible Multibody Dynamic Analysis (2022)

Geometrically nonlinear strain-based beam formulation has the potential to analyze flexible slender components in multibody systems efficiently owing to the minimum number of variables and constant stiffness matrix. The objective of this study is to develop a multibody dynamic analysis framework based on the strain-based beam formulation. To this end, we describe the constraint equation using the vector variables of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation that exhibits a velocity-transformation relationship with the strain-based formulation. Subsequently, we divide the Jacobian of the constraint equation into two terms. One term is equivalent to the velocity transformation matrix that is currently implemented in the existing strain-based analysis framework. The other term is a simple constant or linear Jacobian defined based on the orthonormal vectors of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. This simple Jacobian description integrates the strain-based beam formulation with multibody dynamic theories to handle open- and closed-loop joints. The obtained numerical results validate that the proposed strain-based multibody dynamic analysis method concurs well with and exhibits a better convergence than the conventional flexible multibody dynamic analysis method.
<title>Effects of proton-induced radiation damage on cadmium zinc telluride pixel detectors</title> (1996)

Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) is a room temperature solid state material with many properties attractive to space- borne astrophysical instrumentation. Irradiation of monolithic CdZnTe detectors with 199 MeV protons shows that proton-induced radiation damage causes an increase in electron trapping in the material. Small-pixel and strip CdZnTe detectors which rely on efficient electron collection are particularly sensitive to changes in the electron mean free path, which can result in significant changes in the spectral response. Using a charge transport model, we calculate the effects of the observed radiation damage on spectral response for pixel detectors of several geometries. A degradation in spectral response is observed which is most pronounced for small-pixel detectors. The magnitude of the effects indicate that depending on pixel size and the desire for good spectral performance annealing may be necessary to maintain good detector performance after approximately 1 - 2 years in low-earth orbit.