gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep disordered breathing and autonomic function in overweight and obese children and adolescents (2016)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), common in children with obesity, is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Autonomic dysfunction has been suggested to be a key player in the development of these complications. We investigated the relationship between obesity, OSA and sympathetic activity in children. 191 children with obesity were included and distributed into two groups: 131 controls and 60 with OSA. Beat-to-beat RR interval data were extracted from polysomnography for heart rate variability analysis. Urinary free cortisol levels were determined. Urinary free cortisol did not differ between groups and was not associated with OSA, independent of the level of obesity. Differences in heart rate variability measures were found: mean RR interval decreased with OSA, while low/high-frequency band ratio and mean heart rate increased with OSA. Heart rate variability measures correlated with OSA, independent of obesity parameters and age: oxygen desaturation index correlated with mean heart rate (r=0.19, p=0.009) and mean RR interval (r= -0.18, p=0.02), while high-frequency bands and low/high-frequency band ratio correlated with arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (<i>S</i><sub>pO<sub>2</sub></sub> ) (r= -0.20, p=0.008 and r= -0.16, p=0.04) and <i>S</i><sub>pO<sub>2</sub></sub> nadir (r=0.23, p=0.003 and r= -0.19, p=0.02). These results suggest that sympathetic heart activity is increased in children with obesity and OSA. Measures of hypoxia were related to increased sympathetic tone, suggesting that intermittent hypoxia is involved in autonomic dysfunction.
Three-dimensional human running (2002)

This paper describes the control of a simulated three-dimensional model of a human runner. The rigid body model has seventeen segments and thirty controlled degrees of freedom. The dynamic parameters of the simulation were computed using data measured from humans to produce a model that is biomechanically realistic within the constraints of a rigid body approximation. We developed locomotion control algorithms that allow the model to run at a variety of speeds and turn to face in an arbitrary direction on the plane. The realism of the simulation is evaluated by comparing the computed motion to that of humans performing similar maneuvers. We perform the comparison qualitatively with real video images and quantitatively with biomechanical data.
Public Health Effects of Occupational and Environmental Radiation Exposure (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the article by Wing et al,<sup>1</sup>citing an increase in cancer risk of 5% per 10 mSv of cumulative radiation exposure in workers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We are unable to translate this into practical terms, however. For example, how many extra deaths would this represent per 100 000 population exposed to this total dose (10 mSv) over their lifetimes? How can we relate this to other, self-inflicted risks; eg, diagnostic radiology,<sup>2</sup>smoking one cigarette per day, riding a bicycle, traveling in a jet plane, or visiting New York City? Can the authors express these risks as shortening of the average life span? In view of the benefits that nuclear workers may derive from their employment (better than normal health care, for example), what is the outcome of a risk-benefit analysis in these workers compared with similar workers in non-nuclear-related
Abstract 257: Practice Variation is a Significant Contributor to Secondary Prevention Medication Use: Insights from the NCDR PINNACLE Program (2012)

Background: Secondary prevention medications for eligible CAD patients include antiplatelets, lipid lowering agents, beta-blockers (BB) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). However, use of these therapies is variable. The contribution of practice-level factors to variation in medication use is unknown. In addition, the contribution of practice-level factors relative to patient factors is also unknown. Methods: We evaluated CAD patients in cardiology practices participating in the NCDR PINNACLE program, a national office-based cardiac quality improvement registry, between July 2008 and December 2010. Patients eligible for treatment were grouped by Class I indications for therapy: antiplatelets and lipid lowering agents in all, BBs in post-MI patients, and ACEIs/ARBs in those with diabetes or with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤40%). Mean practice rates of therapy use were calculated. Next, hierarchical regression models assessed the effect of practice on therapy use, adjusted for patient factors, using the median rate ratio (MRR). The MRR compares the likelihood of treatment for identical patients from two randomly selected practices. In general, MRRs ≥ 1.2 indicate significant variation by practice. Finally, the magnitude of contribution of patient factors, expressed in ORs, to variation in therapy use was assessed. Results: Our cohort consisted of 277,526 patients in 62 practices. The mean practice rate was 80.8% for antiplatelets (range 41.2–100%), 79.5% for lipid lowering agents (range 33.9–100%), 77.6% for BBs (range 35.2–100%), and 73.8% for ACEI/ARBs (range 39.1–100%). Adjusted MRR between practices was 1.19 for antiplatelets, 1.19 for lipid lowering agents, 1.20 for BBs, and 1.19 for ACEIs/ARBs. Almost all patient-level factors were smaller in magnitude than the MRR for practice-level variation (see Table). Conclusions: Among practices participating in the PINNACLE program, significant variation in guideline recommended treatments among CAD outpatients exists. Practice setting, independent of patient factors, was associated with variation in treatment and was similar in magnitude to most patient factors. Our findings suggest that practice setting is an important contributor to variability in secondary prevention medication use. Accordingly, to improve the use of evidence-based CAD therapies, quality improvement efforts targeting practice-level factors should be evaluated.
Probing a self-assembledfdvirus membrane with a microtubule (2016)

The self-assembly of highly anisotropic colloidal particles leads to a rich variety of morphologies whose properties are just beginning to be understood. This article uses computer simulations to probe a particle-scale perturbation of a commonly studied colloidal assembly, a monolayer membrane composed of rodlike fd viruses in the presence of a polymer depletant. Motivated by experiments currently in progress, we simulate the interaction between a microtubule and a monolayer membrane as the microtubule "pokes" and penetrates the membrane face-on. Both the viruses and the microtubule are modeled as hard spherocylinders of the same diameter, while the depletant is modeled using ghost spheres. We find that the force exerted on the microtubule by the membrane is zero either when the microtubule is completely outside the membrane or when it has fully penetrated the membrane. The microtubule is initially repelled by the membrane as it begins to penetrate but experiences an attractive force as it penetrates further. We assess the roles played by translational and rotational fluctuations of the viruses and the osmotic pressure of the polymer depletant. We find that rotational fluctuations play a more important role than the translational ones. The dependence on the osmotic pressure of the depletant of the width and height of the repulsive barrier and the depth of the attractive potential well is consistent with the assumed depletion-induced attractive interaction between the microtubule and viruses. We discuss the relevance of these studies to the experimental investigations.
T Cell Response to Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 in Mice: Comparison of Cr Release Assay, Intracellular IFN-γ Production, ELISPOT and Tetramer Staining (2002)

Successful vaccination against infections by high-risk papillomaviruses aiming at the prevention of cervical cancer most likely requires the induction of neutralizing antibodies and human papillomavirus (HPV)-specific T cells directed against early viral proteins such as E7. Whereas the technology for detection of antibodies is well established, measurement of T cells is more cumbersome and standardization of assays is difficult. By using chromium release assay, ELISPOT, tetramer staining and intracellular IFN-gamma assay, we compared the levels of HPV 16 E7-specific T cells obtained after immunization of C57BL/6 mice with different DNA expression vectors. We found that all four assays gave highly comparable results. ELISPOT can be recommended for future studies as it indicates the presence of activated (i.e. IFN-gamma-secreting) T cells in a quantitative manner and combines high sensitivity with relatively low T cell demand.
On the integration of CMOS with hybrid crystal orientations (2004)

Design and integration issues have been investigated for the hybrid orientation technology (HOT), i.e. device isolation, epitaxy and dopant implantation. Ring oscillators using HOT CMOS have been demonstrated for the first time, with L/sub poly/ about 85nm and t/sub ox/=2.2nm, resulting in 21% improvement compared with control CMOS on (100) orientations.
The Optimal n-out-of-n Visual Secret Sharing Scheme for Gray-Scale Images (2002)

SUMMARY In this paper, a method is proposed to construct an n-out-of-n visual secret sharing scheme for gray-scale images, for short an (n, n)-VSS-GS scheme, which is optimal in the sense of contrast and pixel expansion, i.e., resolution. It is shown that any (n, n)-VSS-GS scheme can be constructed based on the socalled polynomial representation of basis matrices treated in [15], [16]. Furthermore, it is proved that such construction can attain the optimal (n, n)-VSS-GS scheme.
Notes from the Field: Fungal Bloodstream Infections Associated with a Compounded Intravenous Medication at an Outpatient Oncology Clinic — New York City, 2016 (2016)

On May 24, 2016, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene notified CDC of two cases of Exophiala dermatitidis bloodstream infections among patients with malignancies who had received care from a single physician at an outpatient oncology facility (clinic A). Review of January 1-May 31, 2016 microbiology records identified E. dermatitidis bloodstream infections in two additional patients who also had received care at clinic A. All four patients had implanted vascular access ports and had received intravenous (IV) medications, including a compounded IV flush solution containing saline, heparin, vancomycin, and ceftazidime, compounded and administered at clinic A.
Olive Oil Polyphenols Differentially Inhibit Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through a G1/S Cell Cycle Block Regulated by ERK1/2 (2012)

We hypothesized that polyphenols contained in olive oil play a role in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine if the polyphenols in olive oil, oleuropein (Ole), hydroxytyrosol (HT), and tyrosol (Tyr) could inhibit smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation through its influence on cell cycle regulation. Bovine vascular SMC were cultured in the presence of Ole, HT, or Tyr at concentration of 1, 10, or 100 μmol/L. On days 1, 3, and 5, numbers of cells were counted. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry on day 1 after SMC were stained with propidium iodide. Cell populations grown in the presence of Ole or HT at 100 μmol/L concentration were significantly inhibited after 5 days of exposure. Tyr had a similar tendency but it did not attain significance. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 66% of cells were in G1 phase in Ole group, compared with 48% in control group. To examine the cell cycle block between G1 and S phases, we performed Western blotting and found that ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by Ole or HT. We conclude that olive oil polyphenols could inhibit SMC proliferation through a cell cycle block between G1 and S phases which may be regulated by ERK1/2. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which olive oil consumption may be atheroprotective by inhibiting SMC proliferation.
A preview of a microgravity laser light scattering instrument (1991)

The development of a versatile, miniature, modular light scattering instrument to be used in microgravity is described. The instrument will measure microscopic particles in the size range of thirty angstroms to above three microns. This modular instrument permits several configurations, each optimized for a particular experiment. In particular, a multiangle instrument will probably be mounted in a rack in the Space Shuttle and on the Space Station. It is possible that a Space Shuttle glove-box and a lap-top computer containing a correlator card can be used to perform a number of experiments and to demonstrate the technology needed for more elaborate investigations.
Tenascin-C expression by angiogenic vessels in human astrocytomas and by human brain endothelial cells in vitro. (1996)

The expression of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TN) is enhanced in human astrocytomas and correlates with angiogenesis. To determine whether vascular cells are able to synthesize TN, we investigated the expression of TN protein and mRNA in nine astrocytomas. Immunogold electron microscopy in two glioblastomas multiforme detected the presence of TN in an extracellular perivascular location and to a lesser extent among tumor cells, confirming light microscopy immunohistochemical findings. In situ hybridization of astrocytomas using a digoxigenin-labeled antisense riboprobe detected strong staining for TN mRNA in vascular cells, especially in hyperplastic vessels, including those at the invasive edge of the tumors but not in vessels of normal brains. We observed weaker staining in tumor cells indicating a higher level of TN mRNA in vascular than in tumor cells. No staining was detected with the sense probe. Moreover, we investigated the ability of human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) in primary culture to synthesize TN in vitro. Western blot analysis of the culture supernatants from HBMECs detected large amounts of TN. Immunogold silver staining demonstrated the presence of TN on the surface of HBMECs and in the subendothelial matrix. The distribution of TN mRNA in vascular cells of astrocytomas and the ability of HBMECs to synthesize TN in vitro demonstrate that vascular cells, including endothelial cells, are a major source of TN associated with angiogenesis. Furthermore, our results suggest that TN expression may be associated with endothelial cell activation and may play an important role in angiogenesis.
Contrasting Role of Presenilin-1 and Presenilin-2 in Neuronal DifferentiationIn Vitro (1999)

Presenilin-1 (PS1) and presenilin-2 (PS2), the major genes of familial Alzheimer's disease, are homologous to sel-12, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene involved in cell fate decision during development. Recently, wild-type and mutant presenilins have been associated also with apoptotic cell death. By using stable transfection of antisense cDNAs, we studied the functions of PS1 and PS2 during neuronal differentiation in the NTera2 human teratocarcinoma (NT2) cell line. Expression of antisense PS1 resulted in a failure of the clones to differentiate into neurons after retinoic acid induction, whereas cells transfected with antisense PS2 differentiated normally. Concomitantly, antisense PS1 clones were associated with increased apoptosis both under basal conditions and during the early period of neuronal differentiation after retinoic acid treatment. Overexpression of bcl-2 in antisense PS1 clones reduced cell death and resulted in a recovery of neuronal differentiation. These studies suggest that PS1 plays a role in differentiation and cell death and that PS1 and PS2 have differing physiological roles in this experimental paradigm.
Distortion-free enhancement of terahertz signals measured by electro-optic sampling II Experiment (2014)

Three methods for distortion-free enhancement of electro-optic sampling measurements of terahertz signals are tested. In the first part of this two-paper series [J. Opt. Soc. Am B31, 904&#x2013;910 (2014)], the theoretical framework for describing the signal enhancement was presented and discussed. As the applied optical bias is decreased, individual signal traces become enhanced but distorted. Here we experimentally show that nonlinear signal components that distort the terahertz electric field measurement can be removed by subtracting traces recorded with opposite optical bias values. In all three methods tested, we observe up to an order of magnitude increase in distortion-free signal enhancement, in agreement with the theory, making possible measurements of small terahertz-induced transient birefringence signals with increased signal-to-noise ratio.
Games as Actors - Interaction, Play, Design, and Actor Network Theory (2014)

Abstract—When interacting with computer games, users are forced to follow the rules of the game in return for the excitement, joy, fun, or other pursued experiences. In this paper, we investigate how games achieve these experiences in the perspective of Actor Network Theory (ANT). Based on a qualitative data from a study of board games, computer games, and exergames, we conclude that games are actors that produce experiences by exercising power over the user’s abilities, for example their cognitive functions. Games are designed to take advantage of the characteristics of the human players, and by doing so they create in humans what in modern play theory is known as a “state of play”.
Efficient EEG compression using JPEG2000 with coefficient thresholding (2010)

This paper outlines a scheme for compressing EEG signals based on the JPEG2000 image compression algorithm. Such a scheme could be used to compress signals in an ambulatory system, where low-power operation is important to conserve battery life; therefore, a high compression ratio is desirable to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted. The JPEG2000 specification makes use of the wavelet transform, which can be efficiently implemented in embedded systems. In this research, the JPEG2000 standard was broken down to its core components and adapted for use on EEG signals with additional compression steps added. Variations on the compression architecture were tested to maximize compression ratio (CR) while minimizing reconstructed percentage root-mean- squared difference (PRD) and power requirements. Tests indicate that the algorithm performs well in efficiently compressing EEG data, without significant loss in signal fidelity.
Long-term outcomes in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving adalimumab with or without methotrexate (2020)

Through 6 years of exposure, adalimumab was well tolerated with significant clinical response (up to clinical remission) and a relatively low retention rate.
Differenzielle Expression von desmosomalen Proteinen in Spinaliomen und seinen Vorläuferläsionen (2003)

Desmosomale Proteine sind gut etablierte Marker der epidermalen Differenzierung deren Verlust als Zeichen einer reduzierten Zell-Zelladhäsion in metastasierenden Karzinomzellen interpretiert worden ist. Wir untersuchten immunhistochemisch die Expression desmosomaler Proteine in 12 aktinischen Keratosen (AK), 13 Morbus Bowen (MB) und 29 Spinaliomen der Haut. Die Spinaliome wurden in Niedrig-Risiko- (<6mm Eindringtiefe) und Hoch-Risiko-Spinaliome (>6mm Eindringtiefe oder Level V) unterteilt. Die Auswertung erfolgte qualitativ im Vergleich zu normaler Epidermis und semi-quantitativ mithilfe eines Flächen-Intensitäts-Scores (FIS). Wir fanden für alle desmosomale Proteine in den Vorstufen und in den Spinaliomen sowohl stärkere als auch schwächere Färbeintensitäten als in der umgebenden Epidermis. Bezogen auf die Färbeintensität zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen. Auch im FIS zeigten sich für Desmoplakin, Plakophilin 1, Desmoglein 1 und Desmocolline 1–3 keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Hoch- und Niedrig-Risiko-Spinaliomen. Plakophilin 2 wurde in keinem der untersuchten Tumore gefunden. Das auffälligste Ergebnis zeigte sich bei Desmoglein 2: in der Hälfte aller AK, MB und Spinaliome fand sich eine stärkere Anfärbung als in der Epidermis. Zusätzlich fanden wir in den Hoch-Risiko-Spinaliomen einen signifikant höheren Anteil positiver Zellen als in Niedrig-Risiko-Spinaliomen wobei diese überwiegend an der Invasionsfront zu finden waren. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass desmosomale Proteine in Spinaliomen und seinen klinischen Vorläufern stark reguliert sind ohne jedoch ein einheitliches Verhalten zu zeigen. Selbst in metastasierenden Zellen können Zell-Zell-Kontakte über Desmosomen vermittelt werden.
EFFECT OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK ON NEURONAL DEATH AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN MICE. (2006)

Haselkorn, M L; Dennis, Alia Marie; Vagni, Vincent; Janesko-Feldman, Keri; Clark, Robert S; Jenkins, Larry W; Dixon, C E; Kochanek, Patrick M Author Information
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) extensively rewires the human chromatin landscape at autoimmune risk loci (2020)

Abstract The interplay between environmental and genetic factors plays a key role in the development of many autoimmune diseases. In particular, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an established contributor to multiple sclerosis, lupus, and other disorders. Previously, we demonstrated that the EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) transactivating protein occupies up to half of the risk loci for a set of seven autoimmune disorders. To further examine the mechanistic roles played by EBNA2 at these loci on a genome-wide scale, we globally examined gene expression, chromatin accessibility, chromatin looping, and EBNA2 binding, in a B cell line that was 1) uninfected, 2) infected with a strain of EBV lacking EBNA2, or 3) infected with a strain that expresses EBNA2. We identified &gt;400 EBNA2-dependent differentially expressed human genes and &gt;5,000 EBNA2 binding events in the human genome. ATAC-seq analysis revealed &gt;2,000 regions in the human genome with EBNA2-dependent chromatin accessibility, and HiChIP-seq data revealed &gt;1,700 regions where EBNA2 altered chromatin looping interactions. Importantly, autoimmune genetic risk loci were highly enriched at the sites of these EBNA2-dependent chromatin-altering events. We present examples of autoimmune risk genotype-dependent EBNA2 events, nominating genetic risk mechanisms for autoimmune risk loci such as ZMIZ1 . Taken together, our results reveal important interactions between host genetic variation and EBNA2-driven disease mechanisms. Further, our study highlights a critical role for EBNA2 in rewiring human gene regulatory programs through rearrangement of the chromatin landscape and nominates these interactions as components of genetic mechanisms that influence the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.