gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel family of transporters mediating the transport of glutathione derivatives in plants (2004)

Uptake and compartmentation of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and glutathione conjugates are important for many functions including sulfur transport, resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, and developmental processes. Complementation of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant (hgt1) deficient in glutathione transport was used to characterize a glutathione transporter cDNA (OsGT1) from rice (Oryza sativa). The 2.58-kb full-length cDNA (AF393848, gi 27497095), which was obtained by screening of a cDNA library and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction, contains an open reading frame encoding a 766-amino acid protein. Complementation of the hgt1 yeast mutant strain with the OsGT1 cDNA restored growth on a medium containing GSH as the sole sulfur source. The strain expressing OsGT1 mediated H-3]GSH uptake, and this uptake was significantly competed not only by unlabeled GSSG and GS conjugates but also by some amino acids and peptides, suggesting a wide substrate specificity. OsGT1 may be involved in the retrieval of GSSG, GS conjugates, and nitrogen-containing peptides from the cell wall.
Traffic Engineering for an Elastic Carrier-Concentrator System (1974)

This paper is one of three which describe a digital carrier-concentrator system with elastic traffic capacity. It deals with the traffic engineering considerations from a systems application viewpoint. One companion paper [1] describes the system organization, the switching function, supervision and control, and the reframing procedure. The other [2] describes the line equipment, delta codecs, line signaling functions, and an in-service line test facility. The system is unique in that the concentration switching function is nonblocking, but message channel quality varies with instantaneous traffic load. Realistic traffic limits are determined from consideration of message channel transmission degradations which may occur for small fractions of the busy hour. A suitable criterion is proposed, and the traffic capacity is calculated therefrom. The system provides telephone service to 256 subscriber lines over a single <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T1</tex> digital line.
Turbulence Associated with Broadband Shock Noise in Hot Jets (2008)

Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TRPIV) has been applied to a series of jet flows to measure turbulence statistics associated with broadband shock associated noise (BBSN). Data were acquired in jets of Mach numbers 1.05, 1.185, and 1.4 at different temperatures. Both convergent and ideally expanded nozzles were tested, along with a convergent nozzle modified to minimize screech. Key findings include the effect of heat on shock structure and jet decay, the increase in turbulent velocity when screech is present, and the relative lack of spectral detail associated with the enhanced turbulence.
Microscale Assembly Directed by Liquid‐Based Template (2014)

A liquid surface established by standing waves is used as a dynamically reconfigurable template to assemble microscale materials into ordered, symmetric structures in a scalable and parallel manner. The broad applicability of this technology is illustrated by assembling diverse materials from soft matter, rigid bodies, individual cells, cell spheroids and cell-seeded microcarrier beads.
Como vaAssessing X-ray Security Screening Detection following Training with and without Threat-item Overlap (2010)

This study examined threat identification within a perceptual discrimination training paradigm for an x-ray baggage screening task. It explored how manipulations of item overlap (critical contour overlap, non-critical contour overlap, and no overlap) altered detection of actual threat items. The results suggest that threat detection by participants in the overlap groups was superior, but that this may have been due to changes to a more liberal response criterion. Further, participants trained without overlap were superior at determining that no threat was present. The data suggest that this shift in criterion may be due to a varying degree of understanding of what constitutes the critical components of a threat item. The discussion centers on how to develop training interventions which addresses this criterion shift while maintaining higher levels of detection.
Baroreflex hypertension therapy for resistant hypertension (2005)

At least 10% of all patients with hypertension are resistant to existing therapies. These patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular events and progressive kidney disease. In the face of uncontrolled hypertension, alternative therapies are needed. A device based Baroreflex Hypertension Therapy (BHT) is being developed to treat these patients. This therapy works by electrically activating the carotid baroreflex. The device generates signals that are centrally interpreted as a rise in blood pressure. The brain responds by modulating autonomic nervous activity and thereby lowering blood pressure. Initial study results suggest that electrical activation of the carotid baroreflex results in sustained, dose dependent reduction in blood pressure. The system includes: implantable pulse generator, carotid sinus leads, and programmer. The leads have electrical contacts that are positioned on the carotid sinus and conduct activation energy from the pulse generator to the left and right carotid sinus. The programmer provides the ability to non-invasively program the pulse generator. This new therapy has been studied in canines and is being evaluated in clinical trials. Early data suggests blood pressure can be reduced with this device in patients with otherwise resistant hypertension as defined by a blood pressure of ≥ 160 mm-Hg systolic while receiving three or more drugs (with one being a diuretic) at maximal doses for at least two months.
Universal Scaling Relations in Strongly Anisotropic Materials (2006)

We consider the critical temperature in strongly anisotropic antiferromagnetic materials, with weak coupling between stacked planes, in order to determine the interplane coupling constant from experimentally measured susceptibilities. We present theoretical arguments for a universal relation between interplane coupling and susceptibility shown numerically by Yasuda et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 217201 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.217201]. We predict a more general scaling function if the system is close to a quantum critical point, a similar relation for other susceptibilities than considered in Yasuda et al., and the validity of these relations for more general phase transitions.
PoWER-BERT: Accelerating BERT Inference via Progressive Word-vector\n Elimination (2020)

We develop a novel method, called PoWER-BERT, for improving the inference\ntime of the popular BERT model, while maintaining the accuracy. It works by: a)\nexploiting redundancy pertaining to word-vectors (intermediate encoder outputs)\nand eliminating the redundant vectors. b) determining which word-vectors to\neliminate by developing a strategy for measuring their significance, based on\nthe self-attention mechanism. c) learning how many word-vectors to eliminate by\naugmenting the BERT model and the loss function. Experiments on the standard\nGLUE benchmark shows that PoWER-BERT achieves up to 4.5x reduction in inference\ntime over BERT with &lt;1% loss in accuracy. We show that PoWER-BERT offers\nsignificantly better trade-off between accuracy and inference time compared to\nprior methods. We demonstrate that our method attains up to 6.8x reduction in\ninference time with &lt;1% loss in accuracy when applied over ALBERT, a highly\ncompressed version of BERT. The code for PoWER-BERT is publicly available at\nhttps://github.com/IBM/PoWER-BERT.\n
Fluoreszenz-Markierung mittels Indocyanin-Grün bei der Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Exstirpation in der Dermatoonkologie Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in dermato-oncology (2012)

Summary Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for cutaneous malignanciesusually carried out with radioactive nanocolloids (Tc-99m). The SLNE is contro-versially discussed internationally. This is especially given to the high false-negative rate up to 44 %. An alternative could be the fluorescent dye indocya-nine green (ICG). Material and Methods: We investigated the advantage of intraoperative fluores-cence detection of lymphatic vessels and SLN with a Near-Infrared (NIR) camerain comparison to conventional methods using preoperative lymphoscintigraphyand SPECT/CT in 22 patients with malignant melanoma. Results: A total of 61 SLNs were removed in 22 operative procedures. In 7 SLN(10.3 %; 7/68) the histopathological assessment could demonstrate a metastatic Fluoreszenz-Markierung mittels Indocyanin-Grun bei der Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Exstirpation in derDermatoonkologie Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in dermato-oncology Ingo Stoffels 1 , Hannah von der Stuck , Christian Boy
Measuring and understanding write width and off-track as a function of linear density in perpendicular recording (2012)

Multiple techniques have been developed and used to characterize the width of a written track in perpendicular recording. This work investigates written tracks using the WPE (write plus erase) test based on writing the main track at a given density and trimming both sides of the track multiple times with another density. The edge of the original track, after each trimming step, is characterized by a narrow band measurement of the read-back signal as a function of cross-track position. The use of a narrow band filter improves the test SNR and helps separate the track into 2 sections: A good region (track center) and a degraded region (track edge). Test and micro-magnetic analysis were used under multiple linear densities for the main track and for the trimming tracks. The results indicate that the WPE value decreases as the density increased between 200 kfci and 1500 kfci. For densities lower than 200 kfci and higher than 1500 kfci, the WPE value does not change significantly. When the main track was fixed at 200 kfci, increasing the trimming density resulted in a higher WPE. Using a micro-magnetic model and spin-stand tests, it is demonstrated that the apparent increase in WPE is caused by a region with opposite polarity at the edge of the main track (in the media) produced by the magneto-static (demagnetization) field generated by the main track. The section with opposite polarity is found to be coherent with the main track. During the read-back process, the field from the opposite polarity region in the media is integrated by the reader (read sensitivity function) and subtracted from the main track signal. The result is a loss in signal at the track edge that yields a larger WPE value. This phenomenon could have a direct impact on shingled recording.
The Immunobiology of Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccines (2014)

Infections with polysaccharide (PS)-encapsulated extracellular bacteria are a major source of global morbidity and mortality among infants, as well as the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. An understanding of the immunological basis of glycoconjugate interactions is still emerging but is already helping shape strategies to improve conjugate responses. Genetic factors in humans that are known to influence susceptibility to infection with the pneumococcus may also provide a clue to the key factors associated with the immune response to PS antigens. The covalent linkage of PS antigens to immunogenic proteins capable of recruiting CD4+ T-cell help to produce conjugate vaccine, first described in the 1930s, results in the elicitation of protective, high-titer-IgG anti-PS responses and the generation of immunologic memory, as well as immunogenicity in the infant host. Conjugate vaccines used clinically are produced by employing a limited number of carrier proteins (e.g., tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxin or its genetic mutant form CRM197, the outer membrane protein complex [OMPC] of Neisseria meningitidis, and more recently, protein D derived from Haemophilus influenzae). Alum acts to promote immunity, likely by serving as a depot for antigen, thus enhancing uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for presentation of the protein component to CD4+ T cells. Effective intranasal immunization appears to require a strong mucosal adjuvant, of which there are several candidates potentially suitable for human use (e.g., CpGODN, LT, and RhinoVax).
Carrier Frequency Modulation PWM Method and its Evaluation of Low Magnetic Noise Effect (1998)

To solve the acoustic magentic noise problem, the carrier frequency sinusoidal modulation PWM method has been proposed. But, there are some unresolved problems, such as how to determine the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal function which is used to modulate the carrier frequency, and within a certain carrier frequency range, how to select the PWM method to get the lowest acoustic magnetic noise.In this paper, first, the harmonics analysis for the carrier frequency sinusoidal modulation PWM is presented. Next, the relation among the harmonics spread effect, the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal function is discussed. The optimum values (amplitude and frequency) are determined based on the calculation of the author defined HSF (harmonics spread factor). And then, based on the author proposed induction motor acoustic magnetic noise vs. harmonic current characteristic function (NHCC function), the applicable carrier frequency ranges of the two kinds of low acoustic magnetic noise PWM methods are clarified. Finally, the experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PWM method for reducing the peak values of harmonics. The low acoustic magnetic noise effect obtained by the proposed PWM method is also evaluated by the actual measurement and psychological test.
Termination Fees in Mergers and Acquisitions (2005)

The paper provides evidence on the effects of including a target termination fee in a merger contract. I test the implications of the hypothesis that termination fees are used by self-interested target managers to deter competing bids and protect sweetheart deals with white knight bidders, presumably resulting in lower premiums for target shareholders. An alternative hypothesis is that target managers use termination fees to encourage bidder participation by ensuring that the bidder is compensated for the revelation of valuable private information released during merger negotiations. My empirical evidence demonstrates that merger deals with target termination fees involve significantly higher premiums and success rates than deals without such clauses. Furthermore, only weak support is found for the contention that termination fees deter competing bids. Overall, the evidence suggests that termination fee use is at least not harmful, and is likely beneficial, to target shareholders.
Potential Antagonistic Effects of Nine Natural Fatty Acids Against Meloidogyne incognita (2012)

Fatty acids, the essential components of life, were widely present in various seed cakes, gutter oil, and other resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential antagonistic effects of nine fatty acids (FAs) against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematodes). The results showed that butyric, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids significantly reduced M. incognita reproduction, whereas cucumber (Cucumus sativus) biomass was not adversely affected by the tested FAs and was even significantly increased in several fatty acids treatments. All nine tested fatty acids showed apparent inhibitory effects on egg hatching on day 21, especially capric acid with which the hatching rate was reduced to 15.8% as compared to that using sterile distilled water. Caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids caused significantly higher mortality of the second-stage juvenile of M. incognita than the other three FAs, and both caprylic and capric acids resulted in approximately 50% mortality (2000 μmol/L) after a 24 h exposure. In conclusion, fatty acids showed the nematicidal effect differently, among which capric acid showed a strong nematicidal effect and might be a powerful active substance for integrated M. incognita management. Given the general nematicidal properties of FAs, farmers might utilize waste resources, such as oil seed cake, gutter oil, etc., containing various FAs or use pure FAs for effective M. incognita management.
Numerical Analysis of Transient Flow through a Pipe Orifice. 2nd Report. Step Response from Initinal Steady Flow. (1994)

As a fundamental consideration in hydraulic valve dynamics, transient laminar flow through a pipe orifice has been studied via numerical analysis. In the previous report the authors performed time-dependent calculation from the initial stationary state under a suddenly imposed pressure gradient, and pointed out that the dynamic behavior is characterized by two time constants. The present report treats the transient flow starting from an initial steady flow. Effects of the recirculating flow and the stretched contraction flow region are investigated in comparison with the previous result.
A Bayesian Approach to Parameter Inference in Queueing Networks (2016)

The application of queueing network models to real-world applications often involves the task of estimating the service demand placed by requests at queueing nodes. In this article, we propose a methodology to estimate service demands in closed multiclass queueing networks based on Gibbs sampling. Our methodology requires measurements of the number of jobs at resources and can accept prior probabilities on the demands. Gibbs sampling is challenging to apply to estimation problems for queueing networks since it requires one to efficiently evaluate a likelihood function on the measured data. This likelihood function depends on the equilibrium solution of the network, which is difficult to compute in closed models due to the presence of the normalizing constant of the equilibrium state probabilities. To tackle this obstacle, we define a novel iterative approximation of the normalizing constant and show the improved accuracy of this approach, compared to existing methods, for use in conjunction with Gibbs sampling. We also demonstrate that, as a demand estimation tool, Gibbs sampling outperforms other popular Markov Chain Monte Carlo approximations. Experimental validation based on traces from a cloud application demonstrates the effectiveness of Gibbs sampling for service demand estimation in real-world studies.
Modification of supramolecular motifs: perturbation of the structure of an extended hydrogen-bonded biuret array by interaction with an intercalated copper complex and methanol molecules † (2000)

The almost planar sheets formed by hydrogen bonding between biuret molecules become significantly more folded when intercalated bis{di(methoxycarbimido)amine}copper(II) bromide, methanol and acetonitrile molecules are introduced into the lattice; an examination of the crystal structure suggests that selective control of the perturbation of the biuret sheets may be possible through appropriate variation of the intercalating species.
A biosensor based an micromechanical interrogation of living cells (1997)

The authors have demonstrated that living cells can be reliably cultured directly onto atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers. The cells are inclined to grow on both sides of the surface, and the cantilevers must be treated to deter such two-sided growth. Preliminary data acquired with the AFM demonstrate that these integrated cell/cantilevers are capable of detecting the response of Madine Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to different toxins, with response time on the order of several seconds. These results suggest the feasibility of real-time, rapid, and sensitive biomechanical sensors. A separate fluid chamber has been built, which is capable of detecting fluid temperature changes of tenths of a degree. The initial temperature results from the fluid chamber prototype indicate the potential for a low-cost dedicated system.
A two-step Hilbert transform method for 2D image reconstruction (2004)

The paper describes a new accurate two-dimensional (2D) image reconstruction method consisting of two steps. In the first step, the backprojected image is formed after taking the derivative of the parallel projection data. In the second step, a Hilbert filtering is applied along certain lines in the differentiated backprojection (DBP) image. Formulae for performing the DBP step in fanbeam geometry are also presented. The advantage of this two-step Hilbert transform approach is that in certain situations, regions of interest (ROIs) can be reconstructed from truncated projection data. Simulation results are presented that illustrate very similar reconstructed image quality using the new method compared to standard filtered backprojection, and that show the capability to correctly handle truncated projections. In particular, a simulation is presented of a wide patient whose projections are truncated laterally yet for which highly accurate ROI reconstruction is obtained.
Lung IL-33 Levels Depleted in COVID-19 (2021)

RATIONALE: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a danger signaling alarmin with an integral role in wound repair, fibrosis, and remodeling processes. IL-33 is increased in the serum and airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recently, elevated serum IL-33 levels have been associated with poor outcomes with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, although there have been no studies examining IL-33 expression from involved lung tissues. The objective of this study was to characterize IL-33 expression in lung tissues of patients with severe COVID-19, comparing tissue expression with that observed in other inflammatory lung diseases. METHODS: Post-mortem lung sections of de-identified patients with COVID-19 (N=8), COPD (N=6), IPF (N=4), and from normal subjects (N=7) deemed unsuitable for transplant were stained for IL-33 with prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C), a marker of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT2), or with vimentin, a mesenchymal cell marker increased with fibrosis. With fluorescence microscopy, 10 photographs of each section/patient were taken. Images were quantitated by measuring integrated densities (the product of area and mean gray value) of each protein with Image J. Averaged integrated densities of each patient were plotted for statistical analysis with Prism 9 using Mann-Whitney test versus control group with p<0.05 accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Tissue IL-33 expression was increased in IPF (6.57-fold, p=0.0012) and COPD (3.91-fold, p=0.0012) compared to control lungs, whereas COVID-19 patients had low to negligible lung IL-33 expression that was markedly reduced as compared to controls (0.03-fold;p=0.0003). Vimentin staining was increased in COVID-19 (2.15- fold, p=0.0093) and IPF (1.74-fold, p=0.0424) lungs as compared to controls with no difference between COPD and controls. AT2 was decreased in COVID-19 (0.01-fold, p=0.0003) and COPD (0.43-fold, p=0.0047) lungs marked by decrease in proSP-C staining with no difference between IPF and controls. CONCLUSIONS: These studies confirm an increase in expression of IL-33 in chronic lung diseases yet demonstrate a striking depletion of lung tissue IL-33 in severe COVID-19 coupled with increased vimentin staining and decreased AT2 cells. Because recent studies have demonstrated that serum IL-33 levels are increased at the time of hospital admission with COVID-19, longitudinal studies of convalescent patients would provide insight into how IL-33 might mediate SARS-CoV-2-induced adverse lung pathophysiology and/or recovery. Understanding the mechanisms and timing of IL-33 expression in biological compartments and regulation for promoting damage or driving wound repair processes could inform potential interventional strategies.