gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Polymer Blend Approach for Creation of Effective Conjugated Polymer Charge Transport Pathways (2018)

Understanding the role of the distribution of polymer chain lengths on process-structure-property relationships in semiconducting organic electronics has remained elusive due to challenges in synthesizing targeted molecular weights ( M<sub>w</sub>) and polydispersity indices. Here, a facile blending approach of various poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) molecular weights is used to investigate the impact of the distribution of polymer chain lengths on self-assembly into aggregates and associated charge transport properties. Low and high M<sub>w</sub> samples were blended to form a highly polydisperse sample which was compared to a similar, medium M<sub>w</sub> control. Self-assembly was induced by preprocessing the polymer solution with UV irradiation and subsequent solution aging before deposition via blade-coating. Superior charge carrier (hole) mobilities were observed for the blend and control samples. Furthermore, their solution lifetimes exceeded 14 days. UV-vis spectral analysis suggests that low M<sub>w</sub> P3HT lacks the mesoscale crystallinity required for percolative charge transport. In contrast, when the M<sub>w</sub> is too high, the polymer rapidly aggregates, leading to paracrystalline disorder and structural inhomogeneity that interrupts charge-transfer pathways. The role of grain boundaries, fibrillar order, and macroscale alignment is characterized via grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopic, and optical microscopic techniques. The results presented here provide additional guidance on the interplay between polymer solubility, self-assembly, network interconnectivity, and charge transport to enable robust polymer ink formulations with reliable and reproducible performance attributes.
Gene Transfer into the Liver of Nonhuman Primates with E1-Deleted Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors: Safety of Readministration (1999)

Preclinical studies were designed to investigate the safety of recombinant adenoviruses infused into the portal vein of adult rhesus monkeys, as well as the safety and efficacy of readministration of these agents. The vectors used were recombinant adenoviruses, the E1 region of which was replaced with a marker gene expression cassette. Four 3- to 5-kg rhesus monkeys underwent portal vein cannulation, and infusion of escalating doses of recombinant first-generation vector. Serial sequential liver biopsies were performed, and necropsies were performed out to 14 months. X-Gal histochemical analysis of the liver showed evidence of dose-dependent increased gene transfer throughout the liver. Quantitative analysis of histopathology showed that portal inflammation was also present in transduced livers, and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Severe toxicity, including mortality, was noted at the highest dose of vector. Readministration of a second vector was associated with the same degree of toxicity as the first vector, but prompted a much more vigorous neutralizing antibody response. The data suggest that intraportal administration and readministration of recombinant adenoviral E1-deleted vectors are feasible and safe. Vector administration at the highest dose (1 x 10(13) particles/kg) was associated with severe clinical and biochemical toxicity, and significant gene expression was associated with transaminitis. Readministration of vector is safe, but gene transfer is limited by the presence of neutralizing antibody.
Mathematical model for vertical sectorization (VS) in AAS based LTE deployment (2014)

Active Antenna System (AAS) features are promising to enable a dynamic cell deployment layout change based on the nature of the traffic distribution and capacity demand. One of the dynamic deployment options is vertical sectorization (VS) where cell densification is done by activating a new inner sector with its own cell ID in the existing conventional sector layout. In order to investigate the performance of VS and assess the impacts of the parameters determining the VS performance, an appropriate model is required. This paper proposes and presents a mathematical model for vertical sectorization. Moreover, the model shows vital relationships among the system performance and various system parameters. In addition, the performance of the presented model is demonstrated using a 3GPP defined scenario based simulations.
Electron-electron scattering in transition metals (1978)

Results of temperature-dependent parallel-field radio-frequency-size-effect measurements on rhenium and temperature-dependent resistance measurements on molybdenum are reported. The present data along with existing data on radio-frequency-size-effect and resistance measurements on molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium show that a definite correlation between the two types of measurements exists. A discussion of the implication of these results on the observation of electron-electron scattering in transition metals is given.
Impact of Nitrogen on PBTI Characteristics of HfSiON/TiN Gate Stacks (2006)

The impact of nitrogen on charge trapping induced positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) characteristics in HfSiON/TiN gate stacks is investigated. While thickness is found to be the primary parameter to reduce charge trapping, plasma nitrogen reduces PBTI effects in thick (2.7 nm) HfSiON films. Thin films (1.8 nm) show significantly lower threshold voltage (VTH) shift than thick films and seem to be insensitive to N content. Thermal nitridation exacerbates the PBTI effects more than plasma nitridation.
Activation of Microglia by Amyloid β Requires P2X7 Receptor Expression (2009)

Extracellular ATP is a mediator of intercellular communication and a danger signal. Release of this and other nucleotides modulates microglia responses via P2Y and P2X receptors, among which the P2X(7) subtype stands out for its proinflammatory activity and for up-regulation in a transgenic model of Alzheimer disease and in brains from Alzheimer disease patients. Here we show that amyloid beta (Abeta) triggered increases in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), ATP release, IL-1beta secretion, and plasma membrane permeabilization in microglia from wild-type but not from P2X(7)-deleted mice. Likewise, intra-hippocampal injection of Abeta caused a large accumulation of IL-1beta in wild-type but not in P2X(7)(-/-) mice. These observations suggest that Abeta activates a purinergic autocrine/paracrine stimulatory loop of which the P2X(7) receptor is an obligate component. Identification of the P2X(7) receptor as a non-dispensable factor of Abeta-mediated microglia stimulation may open new avenues for the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
Process Specific Functions for Assurance of Analog/Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits (2019)

This paper investigates the process-induced variation response of analog and mixed-signal ICs to yield anti-counterfeiting and anti-cloning design techniques. It defines unique behaviors called Process Specific Functions (PSFs) that identify circuits of the same pedigree and provide traits for authentication and individual chip identification. To demonstrate PSF utility, expansion of quantization sampling theory is used to produce a statistically bounded digital to analog converter uniqueness model. A parameter space of normalized, challenge driven, non-linear harmonic amplitude responses are then correlated to random and systematic process variations to produce distributions for probability of detection and probability of false alarm statistics. These authenticity characteristics are related to process models to provide a novel analog IC supply chain risk management technology.
Bimetallic Nanostructured Catalysts Prepared by Laser Electrodispersion: Structure and Activity in Redox Reactions (2020)

Abstract One‐stage size‐selective method of laser electrodispersion (LED) was used to produce nanostructured NiPd, NiMo and NiW coatings on the surface of alumina, HOPG and Sibunit for the catalytic application. The deposition of nanoparticles produced by LED of bimetallic targets from alloyed or pressed metal powders provides the uniform distribution of both metals on the outer support surface; the metal ratio is similar to that in the original target. The catalytic behaviour of produced “core‐shell” catalysts in comparison with monometallic analogues was tested in two model reactions: the CO oxidation with oxygen on NiPd catalysts supported on alumina and Sibunit; and thiophene oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on NiMo and NiW alumina supported catalysts. Novel LED bimetallic catalysts with extremely low metal content (0.005 %) were superior in terms of activity and stability to monometallic ones and the catalysts obtained by “wet” chemistry methods. Improved catalytic properties of bimetallic LED catalysts are related to the high density of single nanoparticles and the formation of active metal‐oxide interfaces on the support surface.
Distributed video coding with 3D recursive search block matching (2006)

This paper presents a novel video compression system with a low complexity encoder. Based on the Slepian-Wolf theorem and the Wyner-Ziv theorem, a video is intraframe coded and interframe decoded in this system. The system performance, the compression rate and the video quality, is affected by the difference between the source information and the side information. To increase the accuracy of the side information, a modified three dimensional recursive search block matching is proposed. The resulting motion vectors preserve the true motion of objects because of the spatial and temporal consistency. The results obtained show a significant improvement over full search block matching algorithm in the term of the rate-distortion measure. The different quantizer design and puncturing table reduce the necessary parity bits for the decoding, and also increase the PSNR. The system performance is also much closer to H.263 interframe coding.
Pulse breakdown in synchronised optical parametric oscillator (2001)

Summary form only given. Recent advances in optical parametric oscillators (OPO) design has led to increased power and extended wavelength ranges. The simple phase matching condition no longer describes the complex behavior of these novel systems. In the case of a synchronously pumped monolithic signal resonated OPO based on periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ (PPLN) crystal we have observed spectral pulse breakdown as a function of the OPO cavity length. Physically, this is due to the delay between pump and signal at each round trip. Their ultra short pulse duration necessitates taking into account their spectral distribution, group velocity mismatch (GVM), and group velocity dispersion (GVD). We consider several models to describe these different phenomena.
Open source initiatives for simulation software: multi-language, open-source modeling using the microsoft .NET architecture (2002)

This presentation reports on the opportunities and limitations Microsoft .Net architecture for supporting the development of a common, open-source, multi-language platform for simulation software support. While the paper supporting the presentation focuses on the underlying foundation within the .Net architecture, the conference presentation represents an important milestone in the OpenSML project corresponding to the first release of a common library supporting the C#, VB.Net and Java/J# languages.
Colloidal Stabilization of Nanoparticles in Concentrated Suspensions (2006)

The stabilization of nanoparticles in concentrated aqueous suspensions is required in many manufacturing technologies and industrial products. Nanoparticles are commonly stabilized through the adsorption of a dispersant layer around the particle surface. The formation of a dispersant layer (adlayer) of appropriate thickness is crucial for the stabilization of suspensions containing high nanoparticle concentrations. Thick adlayers result in an excessive excluded volume around the particles, whereas thin adlayers lead to particle agglomeration. Both effects reduce the maximum concentration of nanoparticles in the suspension. However, conventional dispersants do not allow for a systematic control of the adlayer thickness on the particle surface. In this study, we synthesized dispersants with a molecular architecture that enables better control over the particle adlayer thickness. By tailoring the chemistry and length of these novel dispersants, we were able to prepare fluid suspensions (viscosity < 1 Pa·s at 100 s-1) with more than 40 vol % of 65-nm alumina particles in water, as opposed to the 30 vol % achieved with a state-of-the-art dispersing agent. This remarkably high concentration facilitates the fabrication of a wide range of products and intermediates in materials technology, cosmetics, pharmacy, and in all other areas where concentrated nanoparticle suspensions are required. On the basis of the proposed molecular architecture, one can also envisage other similar molecules that could be successfully applied for the functionalization of surfaces for biosensing, chromatography, medical imaging, drug delivery, and aqueous lubrication, among others.
Use of the Du Pont "Automatic Clinical Analyzer" in Direct Determination of Lactic Acid in Plasma Stabilized with Sodium Fluoride (1972)

Abstract We have studied the determination of lactic acid with the Du Pont ACA and the suitability of plasma as a sample. Blood collected in sodium fluoride/ potassium oxalate Vacutainers and separated in 15 min provided acceptably stable plasma. With a 40-µl sample of plasma, results are linearly related to concentration to 20 mmol/ liter. Standard deviations were 0.16-0.22 mmol/ liter for day-to-day precision. When lactate was added to 53 samples, an average of 99.11% was recovered analytically. Results for plasma lactate (y-axis) agreed with those on plasma filtrates by the Calbiochem "Rapid Lactate" method (n, 92; slope, 1.025; y intercept, -0.086 mmol/liter; standard error, 0.23 mmol/liter). Perchloric acid filtrates can also be analyzed, but fluoride-stabilized plasma is simpler to use.
Selection of a Sunflower Line with Multiple Herbicide Tolerance That Is Reversed by the P450 Inhibitor Malathion (2011)

Ninety-seven inbred lines of sunflower were screened in the field by treatment with a combination of imazamox and malathion, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), to identify sunflower lines with natural tolerance to the herbicide reversed by malathion. One tolerant line, named TolP450-1, was selected and characterized in the field and in the greenhouse to evaluate its response to the herbicides imazamox, prosulfuron, and atrazine at different plant development stages (germination, emergence, and third difoliate) with and without malathion. For all herbicides and all development stages analyzed, TolP450-1 showed significantly higher tolerance compared with the susceptible line RHA266. In all cases, the tolerance was reversed by malathion. This sunflower line, tolerant to multiple herbicides, may be useful in helping to manage herbicide-resistant weeds by allowing additional herbicides to be used in this oilseed crop.
310 Transcriptomics for gallbladder cancer prognosis (2022)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Recent research has attempted to identify diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, however, currently, no biomarkers can accurately diagnose GBC and predict patients prognosis. Using machine learning, we can utilize high-throughput RNA sequencing with clinicopathologic data to develop a predictive tool for GBC prognosis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Current predictive models for GBC outcomes often utilize clinical data only. We aim to build a superior algorithm to predict overall survival in GBC patients with advanced disease, using machine learning approaches to prioritize biomarkers for GBC prognosis. We have identified over 80 fresh frozen GBC tissue samples from Rochester, Minnesota, Daegu, Korea, Vilnius, Lithuania, and Calgary, Canada. We will perform next-generation RNA sequencing on these tissue samples. The patients clinical, pathologic and survival data will be abstracted from the medical record. Random forests, support vector machines, and gradient boosting machines will be applied to train the data. Standard 5-fold cross validation will be used to assess performance of each ML algorithm. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Our preliminary analysis of next generation RNA sequencing from 18 GBC tissue samples identified recurrent mutations in genes enriched in pathways in cytoskeletal signaling, cell organization, cell movement, extracellular matrix interaction, growth, and proliferation. The top three most significantly altered pathways, actin cytoskeleton signaling, hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, and epithelial adherens junction signaling, emphasized a molecular metastatic and invasive fingerprint in our patient cohort. This molecular fingerprint is consistent with the previous knowledge of the highly metastatic nature of gallbladder tumors and is also manifested physiologically in the patient cohort. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Integrative analysis of molecular and clinical characterization of GBC has not been fully established, and minimal improvement has been made to the survival of these patients. If overall survival can be better predicted, we can gain a greater understanding of key biomarkers driving the tumor phenotype.
Selective Modulation of Gq/Gs pathways by Naphtho Pyrano Pyrimidines As Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor (2010)

Antagonists of the Neuropeptide S Receptor have been postulated as promising therapeutics in the treatment of respiratory, sleep, anxiety, and addictive disorders. Here we present the SAR of a new series of orthosteric antagonists. Neuropeptide S Receptor signaling is coupled to both Gq and Gs proteins, and we observe that different analogues in this structural series can selectively antagonize these two pathways. Many G-protein coupled receptors transduce signals through multiple pathways. Selective antagonism of these pathways may lead the way to the development of more targeted pharmacological profiles and therapies.
Why did my pc suddenly slow down (2007)

Users are often frustrated when they encounter a sudden decrease in the responsiveness of their personal computers. However, it is often difficult to pinpoint a particular offending process and the resource it is overconsuming, even when such a simple explanation does exist. We present preliminary results from several weeks of PC usage showing that user-perceived unresponsiveness often has such a simple explanation and that simple statistical models often suffice to pinpoint the problem. The statistical models we build use all the performance counters for all running processes. When the user expresses frustration at a given time point, we can use these models to determine which processes are acting most anomalously, and in turn which features of those processes are most anomalous. We present an investigative tool that ranks processes and features according to their degree of anomaly, and allows the user to interactively examine the relevant time series.
How Bad Can It Git? Characterizing Secret Leakage in Public GitHub Repositories (2019)

GitHub and similar platforms have made public collaborative development of software commonplace. However, a problem arises when this public code must manage authentication secrets, such as API keys or cryptographic secrets. These secrets must be kept private for security, yet common development practices like adding these secrets to code make accidental leakage frequent. In this paper, we present the first large-scale and longitudinal analysis of secret leakage on GitHub. We examine billions of files collected using two complementary approaches: a nearly six-month scan of real-time public GitHub commits and a public snapshot covering 13% of open-source repositories. We focus on private key files and 11 high-impact platforms with distinctive API key formats. This focus allows us to develop conservative detection techniques that we manually and automatically evaluate to ensure accurate results. We find that not only is secret leakage pervasive -affecting over 100,000 repositories -but that thousands of new, unique secrets are leaked every day. We also use our data to explore possible root causes of leakage and to evaluate potential mitigation strategies. This work shows that secret leakage on public repository platforms is rampant and far from a solved problem, placing developers and services at persistent risk of compromise and abuse.
Conjugated oligomers with alternating heterocycles from a single monomer: synthesis and demonstration of electroluminescence (2019)

A synthetic strategy for push–pull oligomers is based on a nucleophile and electrophile selective synthesis of the corresponding monomers.
Cerebrovascular Abnormalities Supporting the Selfish Brain Hypothesis of Human Hypertension (2015)

The selfish brain hypothesis of hypertension suggests that brainstem hypoperfusion triggers increased sympathetic activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) as a mechanism to maintain cerebral perfusion. We assessed: 1) prevalence of anatomical variations in the posterior cerebral circulation, which may cause brainstem hypoperfusion, 2) relationships of SNA to cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) in hypertensive (HTN) vs normotensive (NTN) humans. The vertebral arteries (VA) and Circle of Willis (CoW) were imaged in 121 HTN (MR angiography). VA hypoplasia (VAH), defined as &lt;2mm diameter, together with CoW morphology were compared to known standards in &gt;50 NTN. In a cohort of HTN (n=50) and NTN (n=40), muscle SNA (MSNA, microneurography), blood flow in the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and VA (MR phase contrast), and BP were recorded. Prevalence of VAH and incomplete posterior CoW was higher in HTN vs NTN (51 vs 27% and 62 vs 38%, p&lt;0.05). Of the posterior CoW variants, complete disconnection of anterior/posterior CoW was higher in HTN (31 vs 10%, p&lt;0.05). Prevalence of having both VAH and incomplete posterior CoW variant was higher in HTN vs. NTN (38 vs 10%, p&lt;0.05). Total CVR and CVR in VA was higher in HTN vs. NTN (2.6 ±0.1 vs 1.1±0.1 and 9.5±0.1 vs 6.7±0.1 mmHg/mL/dl.tissue/min). CVR was related to MSNA in both groups (HTN; r=0.40, NTN; r=0.38, P&lt;0.05). CVR was more closely related to MSNA in the VA vs ICA in HTN (r=0.40 vs r=0.30, P=0.05). The higher prevalence of VAH and incomplete posterior CoW may cause the observed increase in CVR in HTN. The higher CVR in the posterior circulation was linked to higher MSNA in HTN, supporting the hypothesis of brainstem hypoperfusion as a driver of neurogenic hypertension. BHF.
Efficient current injection device for harmonic reduction of three‐phase controlled converters (2017)

Third harmonic current injection technique is one of the best options for harmonic reduction of three‐phase controlled/uncontrolled converters. Injecting third harmonics current from dc‐bus to the line current reduces its harmonic contents. Minimum THD for any firing angle of controlled converter is function in phase‐angle and amplitude of harmonic injection current that can be controlled by single‐phase controlled and boost converters, respectively. This scheme is used with three bidirectional switches as harmonic injection device to circulate the injection current to supply currents. This scheme is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art system using zigzag transformer. A novel mathematical analysis for the proposed scheme and state‐of‐the‐art scheme is introduced. The mathematical analysis introduces the optimum values for components on the harmonic injection path at minimum THD and the corresponding efficiency of each scheme. The two schemes under study have been simulated using PSIM program. Two lab prototypes for these two schemes have been implemented. Mathematical, simulation, and experimental results for these two schemes have been introduced, compared, and discussed. The results show the superiority of the proposed scheme.