gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective CO2 Separation from CO2−N2 Mixtures by Immobilized Carbonate−Glycerol Membranes (1999)

Separation of carbon dioxide from a humid mixture of CO2−N2 through membranes containing immobilized solutions of Na2CO3−glycerol in porous and hydrophilic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) substrate was experimentally studied for use as a venting membrane in space-walk applications. The effects of Na2CO3 concentration, CO2 partial pressure, and feed stream relative humidity (RH) were investigated. The carbonate concentration was in the range of 0−4.0 mol/dm3. The feed gas RH range was 49−100%; the sweep gas was dry helium. CO2 partial pressure (pCO2,f) range was 0.007−0.77 atm. Addition of Na2CO3 increased the CO2 permeability drastically at lower carbonate concentrations; at higher Na2CO3 concentrations, this permeability increase is partly compromised by increased solution viscosity and salting-out effect. N2 permeability coefficient decreased with an increase in Na2CO3 concentration. Very high CO2/N2 selectivities were observed at high Na2CO3 concentrations. Higher CO2/N2 selectivities were observed at lower CO2 partial pressure differentials. Steady-state water content in the hygroscopic immobilized liquid membrane (ILM) increases with an increase in feed stream RH. The water content in the ILM considerably affects its viscosity and the effective concentration of the carriers in the ILM; those factors determine the permeation performances of the ILM. Generally, lower permeances and greater CO2/N2 selectivity values were observed at lower feed stream RHs. When the feed RH = 50.7%, pCO2,f = 0.007 atm and the Na2CO3 concentration was 1.0 mol/dm3; the separation factor α(CO2/N2) observed was 3440. Prolonged runs lasting 14 days showed that the ILM permeation performances were quite stable. The ILMs were also found to be stable when challenged with feed streams of very low RHs.
Hell-Fire (1942)

Journal Article Hell-Fire Get access A. S. E. A. A. S. E. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 183, Issue 1, 4 July 1942, Page 18, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/183.1.18d Published: 04 July 1942
New Applications of Bis(oxazoline) Ligands in Catalysis:  Asymmetric 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of ZnR2 to Carbonyl Compounds (2001)

The enantioselective addition of ZnR(2) to aldehydes (1,2) and cyclic enones (1,4) was accomplished using bis(oxazolines) as chiral ligands. The requirement for hydroxymethylene side chains in the ligands strongly suggests that bimetallic catalysts are decisive for high enantiocontrol in these additions. [structure: see text]
S55 Towards the Clinical Application of Anti-pseudomonal Bacteriophage: Activity is Retained Following Nebulisation with a Range of Commercially Available Nebuliser Systems (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> We have recently established safety and efficacy of nasally-inhaled bacteriophage (phage) against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </i>in a murine model with reduced infective burden and inflammatory response demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage (<i>Thorax </i>2012;67:A50–A51 doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012–202678.108). The aim of this study was to assess titre and activity of four phages following exposure to nebuliser systems more applicable to clinical trial use. <h3>Methods</h3> Four phage strains (1–4) were nebulised through a) Pari LC Plus (LCP), b) Aeroeclipse II (AE) and c) eFlow Rapid for up to 15 min. Phages were collected downstream and quantified by standard plaque assay against Pa01. Results were compared with controls exposed to the nebulisation chambers for 15 min. <h3>Results</h3> All phages retained efficacy post-nebulisation. Nebuliser type affected recovered titres: LCP caused significant decrease in titres of phage 1 and 2 within 5 min and phage 3 within 15 min (p &lt; 0.05). Phage 4 titre did not drop. AE, despite similar mode of action to LCP, was not as detrimental to titres. Decrease in phage 1 titre was seen within 15 min, phage 2 within 10 min (p &lt; 0.05). Phage 3 and 4 did not decrease (p &gt; 0.05). eFlow does not continuously nebulise and recirculate phage, hence changes in titre over time were not recorded. No titre decreases were observed at end of nebulisation (p &gt; 0.05). Morphology may play a role in maintenance of phage titre post-nebulisation (1 and 2 <i>Myoviridae</i>, 3 and 4 <i>Podoviridae</i>). The Figure 1 shows changes in titres of phage 3 over time following nebulisation through each system. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Phage efficacy was retained after nebulisation though titres dropped, greatest for LCP and least for eFlow (which fell within variability of the methodology (± 0.5 log)). We confirm that phage can survive nebulisation and that this mode of administration may therefore be appropriate for future clinical trials.
Correlation between dose and level of cyclosporine after orthotopic liver transplantation. (1989)

It is generally accepted that, in actual clinical practice, the concentration of cyclosporine in blood is the principal determinant of the dosage to be prescribed for a given patient. However, many physicians, in describing immunosuppression policies, still refer to the dose of cyclosporine prescribed after transplantation. The present analysis was undertaken to determine the degree of correlation between the dose and level of cyclosporine in stable liver transplant recipients.
A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Approaches for Handwriter Identification (2019)

During the past few years, writer identification has attracted significant interest due to its real-life applications including document analysis, forensics etc. Machine learning algorithms have played an important role in the development of writer identification systems demonstrating very effective performance results. Recently, the emergence of deep learning has led to various system in computer vision and pattern recognition applications. Therefore, this work aims to assess and compare the performance between one of the deep learning algorithms, AlexNet model, with two of the most effective machine learning classification approaches: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest-Neighbour (KNN). The evaluation has been conducted using both IAM dataset for English handwriting and ICFHR 2012 dataset for Arabic handwriting.
Using nanoprobing and SEM doping contrast techniques for failure analysis of current leakage in CMOS HV technology (2009)

The method of substrate isolation in a typical CMOS HV technology with the addition of a deep nwell (DNW) is commonly applied in order to minimize the effect of disturbance in the substrate potential. The difficulties in identifying the true leakage path are, however, increasing as the noise current flows from this complex well structure with DNW employed in CMOS HV technology. This paper describes the use of nanoprobing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) doping contrast techniques to quickly and precisely pinpoint the leakage path.
Probabilistic analysis of matching and network flow algorithms (1988)

We consider the behaviour of augmenting paths in graphs drawn from various natural probability spaces. Our results show that, with high probability, there always exist short augmenting paths with respect to non-maximum flows in random graphs. This enables us to show that augmenting path algorithms, which are fast in the worst case, perform exceedingly well on the average. In particular, we show that the $O(\vert V \vert\sp{1/2}\vert E \vert)$ algorithms for bipartite and general matchings run in almost linear time with high probability when the input is a random graph. It is then shown that the expected running time of the matching algorithms is $O(\vert E \vert)$, if the input is chosen uniformly at random form the set of all graphs on a fixed vertex set. We extend these results to the analysis of algorithms for finding factors of graphs and maximum flows in 0-1 networks. We also establish that, with high probability, the permanent of a random bipartite graph can be approximated in polynomial time. It can then be shown that it is possible to efficiently approximate the permanent of almost every bipartite graph.
We also present a probabilistic analysis of several heuristic algorithms for the maximum-flow problem and related capacitated transportation problems. These algorithms run in linear time and, under certain assumptions about the probability distribution of edge capacities, obtain an optimal solution with high probability. The design of our algorithms is based on a general method, which we call the mimicking method, for solving problems in which some of the input data is deterministic and some is random with a known distribution. We present linear time algorithms to compute a feasible flow in directed and undirected capacitated transportation problem instances. These algorithms are shown to be successful with high probability when the probability distribution of the input data satisfies certain assumptions. We also consider the maximum flow problem with multiple sources and sinks. Under probabilistic assumptions about the input, it is shown that with high probability the minimum cut isolates either the sources or the sinks and we present a linear-time algorithm that produces a maximum flow with high probability.
Impedance pneumography for diaphragm pacing (2002)

A respiratory monitor was tested as a safety device for diaphragm pacing. This monitor used impedance measurements between stimulating epimysial electrodes placed on the diaphragm muscle and anodes placed subcutaneously on the thorax. Impedance measurements were assessed for indications of geometric changes in the thorax and detection of airway obstruction. The authors determined that impedance pneumography is a useful safety feature that could be added to an epimysial electrode diaphragm pacer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detecting QTLs for uni- and bipolar disorder using a variance component method (1999)

The objective of this study was to use a robust variance component method to analyse unipolar and bipolar disorder in a large Scottish extended family (n = 168) in which linkage between markers and disease has been previously reported on the short arm of chromosome 4. Data consisted of diagnosed clinical uni- or bipolar disorder on 143 individuals, with microsatellite marker information on 109 of these individuals. The incidence of unipolar and bipolar disorder in the family was 17/143, and 11/143, respectively. Eleven linked markers on chromosome 4, spanning a region of approximately 26 cM, were used in the analysis. The statistical analysis was performed in two steps. First, pairwise identify-by-descent (IBD) coefficients for all individuals in the pedigree were calculated at 1 cM intervals, using all marker data simultaneously, with a Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm. Second, the variance in the trait of interest was partitioned using residual maximum likelihood (REML). Three components of variance were estimated: (i) a genetic component associated with the average relationship between individuals using the numerator relationship matrix, (ii) a genetic component associated with a chromosome location using the estimated IBD coefficients, and (iii) a residual component. The test statistic (LOD score) was calculated from the maximum likelihood of the full model, fitting all three variance components, and the maximum likelihood value from the reduced model, fitting a polygenic and residual component. The largest LOD scores (maximum LOD = 5.9), were found in a region spanning about 10 cM, when the trait was defined as the occurrence of either uni- or bipolar disorder. The putative QTL explained about 25% of the total variation in the trait.
Applying concepts and tools from signal processing on graphs (SPG) to problems in array signal processing (2018)

Signal processing on graphs (SPG) is an emerging area of research that extends well-established data analysis concepts and tools to support a special type of signal where data samples are defined on the vertices of a graph. Since SPG emerged in 2013, fundamental operations such as filtering, the Fourier transform, and modulation have been formally defined that uniquely consider and take advantage of the underlying complex and irregular relationship between data elements which is captured mathematically by a graph. The purpose of this study is to analyze the applicability of SPG to array signal processing. We show that signals defined on a graph, or graph signals for short, are natural models for data collected over a line array of sensors. We also apply existing SPG processing algorithms to array signal data and investigate and probe whether SPG can help increase array gain.
Overlapped List Successive Cancellation Approach for Hardware Efficient Polar Code Decoder (2015)

This paper presents an efficient hardware design approach for list successive cancellation (LSC) decoding of polar codes. By applying path-overlapping scheme, the l instances of (l &gt; 1) successive cancellation (SC) decoder for LSC with list size l can be cut down to only one. This results in a dramatic reduction of the hardware complexity without any decoding performance loss. We also develop novel approaches to reduce the latencyassociated with the pipeline scheme. Simulation results show that with proposed design approach the hardware efficiency is increased significantly over the recently proposed LSC decoders.
Biochemical Characterization of a β-Galactosidase with a Low Temperature Optimum Obtained from an Antarctic Arthrobacter Isolate (2003)

A psychrophilic gram-positive isolate was obtained from Antarctic Dry Valley soil. It utilized lactose, had a rod-coccus cycle, and contained lysine as the diamino acid in its cell wall. Consistent with these physiological traits, the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence showed that it was phylogenetically related to other Arthrobacter species. A gene (bgaS) encoding a family 2 beta-galactosidase was cloned from this organism into an Escherichia coli host. Preliminary results showed that the enzyme was cold active (optimal activity at 18 degrees C and 50% activity remaining at 0 degrees C) and heat labile (inactivated within 10 min at 37 degrees C). To enable rapid purification, vectors were constructed adding histidine residues to the BgaS enzyme and its E. coli LacZ counterpart, which was purified for comparison. The His tag additions reduced the specific activities of both beta-galactosidases but did not alter the other characteristics of the enzymes. Kinetic studies using o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside showed that BgaS with and without a His tag had greater catalytic activity at and below 20 degrees C than the comparable LacZ beta-galactosidases. The BgaS heat lability was investigated by ultracentrifugation, where the active enzyme was a homotetramer at 4 degrees C but dissociated into inactive monomers at 25 degrees C. Comparisons of family 2 beta-galactosidase amino acid compositions and modeling studies with the LacZ structure did not mimic suggested trends for conferring enzyme flexibility at low temperatures, consistent with the changes affecting thermal adaptation being localized and subtle. Mutation studies of the BgaS enzyme should aid our understanding of such specific, localized changes affecting enzyme thermal properties.
A Methodology for Studying the Relationship Between Heat Release Profile and Fuel Stratification in Advanced Compression Ignition Engines (2020)

Low temperature combustion strategies have demonstrated high thermal efficiency with low pollutant emissions, (e.g. oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter) resulting from reduced heat transfer losses and lean air-fuel mixtures. One such advanced compression ignition combustion strategy, Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI), has demonstrated improved control over the heat release event due to the introduction of in-cylinder stratification of equivalence ratio and chemical reactivity via direct injection of a high-reactivity fuel into a premixed low-reactivity fuel/air mixture. The nature of the RCCI strategy provides inherent fuel flexibility, however, the direct injection strategy must be tailored to the combination of premixed and direct injected fuel chemistry and engine operating conditions to optimize efficiency and emissions. In this work, a 0-D methodology for predicting the required fuel stratification for a desired heat release rate profile for kinetically controlled stratified-charge combustion strategies is proposed. The methodology, referred to as Fuel Stratification Analysis (FSA), was inspired by a similar approach which utilized ignition predictions calculated via a Livengood-Wu integral approach correlated with experimental heat release profiles to determine in-cylinder temperature stratification in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. The methodology proposed in this work expands upon this method to include strategies involving fuel stratification (such as RCCI). Reacting and non-reacting CFD simulations were performed with the KIVA3V release 2 code to validate the CFD. Reacting simulations were validated against published experimental HCCI and RCCI data, and non-reacting simulations were used to generate fuel distribution profiles to compare to the FSA results. The results of this validation showed that the FSA method was able to provide good overall agreement in the predicted fuel distribution compared to the actual fuel distributions from CFD simulations within the range of injection timings of interest in RCCI combustion (-140o to about -35o after top-dead-center). For later injection timings, FSA predictions are not able to capture the actual fuel distributions present at the start of combustion, likely due to a transition into a mixing dominated, as opposed to a kinetically dominated, combustion regime, thereby violating one or more inherent method assumptions.
Antioxidant treatment a new therapeutic approach to reversible male infertility (2006)

The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and total antioxidant capacity in seminal fluid indicates oxidative stress and is correlated with male infertility. One of the rational strategies to counteract the oxidative stress is to increase the scavenging capacity of seminal plasma. In such cases a combination of antioxidants may e more useful treatment of male infertility. We therefore undertook this study the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation on seminal oxidative stress and its relation with sperm function test. In present study total Sixty one oligozoospermia patients and forty four fertility proved healthy donors with normal sperm analysis were included in the study. Seminal lipid peroxide, nitric oxide and total antioxidant power and various parameters were compared including sperm function test among the fertile control and before & after treatment of oligozoospermic patients. Of the 61 untreated oligoozoospermia patients the mean lipid peroxide and nitric oxide levels were found to be increased along with decreased total antioxidant power and sperm function ability as compared to fertile control subjects. However significant reduction in lipid peroxide and nitric oxide and improvement in seminal total antioxidant power, sperm function ability were observed after supplementary treatment of combined antioxidant.
Soli (2016)

This paper presents Soli , a new, robust, high-resolution, low-power, miniature gesture sensing technology for human-computer interaction based on millimeter-wave radar. We describe a new approach to developing a radar-based sensor optimized for human-computer interaction, building the sensor architecture from the ground up with the inclusion of radar design principles, high temporal resolution gesture tracking, a hardware abstraction layer (HAL), a solid-state radar chip and system architecture, interaction models and gesture vocabularies, and gesture recognition. We demonstrate that Soli can be used for robust gesture recognition and can track gestures with sub-millimeter accuracy, running at over 10,000 frames per second on embedded hardware.
Robust and efficient cluster analysis using a shared near neighbours approach (2002)

A nonparametric method for clustering multidimensional data in O(nlogn) time is described. It is based on the shared near neighbours algorithm. It uses adaptive k-d trees combined with various other sophisticated data structures to significantly decrease the computational complexity of the original algorithm which was O(n/sup 2/). The algorithm is suitable for a wide range of data and capable of delineating clusters of varying shape, density, and homogeneity. A comprehensive set of results is presented.
The reinforcing effect of birefringent coatings when applied to plastically deformed structures (1975)

A method is proposed which allows for the reinforcing effect of a birefringent plastic coating used in assessing strains in a loaded metal structure by photoelastic techniques. Existing equations are only valid for elastic deformation, but the new equations, which make use of the strain-hardening characteristics of the metal structure and the properties of the plastic and adhesive employed, are applicable to strains beyond the yield point of the metal. Test results show that, for a strain of 0.02 in the coated metal, failure to allow for the reinforcing effect of the plastic would introduce an error of approximately 25% when strains are measured. The new equations can be used to allow for the stiffening effect of the birefringent coating if the stress-strain characteristics of the coating and the metal are known.
Probing molecular organization of liquid crystalline polymers by electron and other microscopies (1992)

Over the past decade many polymers have been synthesized which organize into nematic and smectic mesophases analogous but not identical to those formed by small molecules. It is clear that the phenomenon of liquid crystallinity in polymers is not limited to chains of a specific chemical structure and that self ordering behavior of macromolecules in states of intermediate order is in fact not uncommon. The study of self ordering behavior of polymers into orientationally ordered phases or one dimensional density waves will make important scientific as well as technological contributions. This lecture will discuss a number of problems pertaining to molecular organization in liquid crystalline phases of polymers in which the use of microscopies has played a critical role. The approach is therefore to present the work from a user's perspective emphasizing molecular aspects rather than the techniques themselves.
Parameterized Leaf Power Recognition via Embedding into Graph Products (2019)

The k-leaf power graph G of a tree T is a graph whose vertices are the leaves of T and whose edges connect pairs of leaves at unweighted distance at most k in T. Recognition of the k-leaf power graphs for k >= 6 is still an open problem. In this paper, we provide an algorithm for this problem for sparse leaf power graphs. Our result shows that the problem of recognizing these graphs is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized both by k and by the degeneracy of the given graph. To prove this, we describe how to embed the leaf root of a leaf power graph into a product of the graph with a cycle graph. We bound the treewidth of the resulting product in terms of k and the degeneracy of G. As a result, we can use methods based on monadic second-order logic (MSO_2) to recognize the existence of a leaf power as a subgraph of the product graph.