gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subspace signal processing structured noise (1991)

Some common types of noise can be dealt with by applying a linear model to the noise as well as to the signal. The noise obeys a low-rank linear model as structured noise and derive several signal processing methods based on a structured noise model. Whereas orthogonal projection operators play a key role in the solution of classical linear estimation and detection problems, the addition of a structured noise term to the model leads to oblique projection operators in the new solutions. Consider several subspace identification problems in the context of a structured noise model. Also consider parameter estimation with structured noise, where the signal and structured noise subspaces are known or have been identified from observed data. These results are applied to the decoding of complex number codes for detection and correction of impulse errors.
Epilogue: wireless beyond 5G (2017)

Assuming success, 5G will not just introduce a new way of thinking in wireless networks design and optimization, but a new era, where “Wireless Connectivity as a Utility”will completely transform the way people, things, and (any) application devices communicate, store, and process information. As speed (data rate), data volume, distance, agility (latency), security, and reliability become “non-issues,”“infinite”capacity, and unlimited connectivity initiate an ecosystem paradigm shift, according to which network infrastructure as a whole is always available, scalable, and functioning “in the background,”whereas wireless access is ubiquitous and technology agnostic (independent). This new utility-like Quality of Experience clearly shifts the center of gravity from the network (infrastructure) side toward the user end (network edge) and from radio and networking technologies to applications.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw complicating bisphosphonate treatment for bone disease in multiple myeloma: an overview with recommendations for prevention and treatment (2008)

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) is a recently recognised and potentially highly morbid complication of bisphosphonate therapy in the setting of metastatic malignancy, including myeloma. Members of the Medical and Scientific Advisory Group of the Myeloma Foundation of Australia formulated guidelines for the management of bisphosphonates around the issue of ONJ, based on the best available evidence in June 2008. Prior to commencement of therapy, patients should have an oral health assessment and be educated about the risks of ONJ. Dental assessment should occur 6 monthly during therapy. If tooth extraction is required, sufficient time should be allowed for complete healing to occur prior to commencement of bisphosphonate. As the risk of ONJ increases with duration of bisphosphonate therapy, we recommend annual assessment of dose with modification to 3 monthly i.v. therapy or to oral therapy with clodronate for those with all but the highest risk of skeletal-related event. Established ONJ should be managed conservatively; a bisphosphonate "drug holiday" is usually indicated and invasive surgery should generally be avoided. These recommendations will assist with clinical decision making for myeloma patients who are at risk of bisphosphonate-associated ONJ.
Localization of Sensors in Indoor Wireless Networks: An Observation Model Using WiFi RSS (2018)

Indoor localization has become an important issue for wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a zoning-based localization technique that works efficiently in indoor environments. The targeted area is composed of several zones, the objective being to determine the zone of the sensor using an observation model. The observation model is constructed based on fingerprints collected as WiFi signals strengths received from surrounding Access Points. The method creates a belief functions framework that uses all available information to assign evidence to each zone. A hierarchical clustering technique is then applied to create a two-level hierarchy composed of clusters and of original zones in each cluster. At each level of the hierarchy, an Access Point selection approach is proposed to choose the best subset of Access Points in terms of discriminative capacity and redundancy. Real experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and its competence compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Spin injection into vanadium dioxide films from a typical ferromagnetic metal, across the metal-insulator transition of the vanadium dioxide films (2021)

A vanadium dioxide VO2 film shows metal-insulator transition (MIT) induced by changing environmental temperature. We report the temperature dependence of electromotive force properties generated in VO2/Ni80Fe20 bilayer junctions under the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of the Ni80Fe20 layer. An electromotive force generated in a VO2/Ni80Fe20 bilayer junction under the FMR showed a small change across the MIT temperature of the VO2 film, while the VO2 film resistance drastically changed. This behavior was not only explained with the temperature dependence of the electromotive force property generated in the Ni80Fe20 film itself under the FMR, but also with the generated electromotive forces due to the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in the VO2 film under the FMR of the Ni80Fe20 film. That is, we successfully demonstrated the spin injection from a Ni80Fe20 film into a VO2 film across the MIT temperature of the VO2 film.
Water droplet lubrication between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces (2007)

Water droplets, which are stuck to the hydrophilic surface, reduce the friction coefficient when they are slid against the hydrophobic surface. This is because a repulsive force is generated between water and hydrophobic surfaces due to the surface tension of water. In the present experimental system, the water droplets carried the load up to 170mN and showed the coefficient of friction between the surfaces as low as 0.0011. The low coefficient of friction is attributable to the low energy loss during the adhesion hysteresis process of water onto the hydrophobic surfaces. In micro-machine applications, the water droplet lubrication is effective for reducing the coefficient of friction by utilizing the repulsive force between water and the hydrophobic surface.
Exploiting the favourable alignment of CALIPSO’s descending orbital tracks over Sweden to study aerosol characteristics (2013)

One of the key knowledge gaps when estimating aerosol forcing and their role in air quality is our limited understanding of their vertical distribution. As an active lidar in space, the CALIOP-CALIPSO is helping to close this gap. The descending orbital track of CALIPSO follows elongated semi-major axis of Sweden, slicing its atmosphere every 2–3 d, thus providing a unique opportunity to characterise aerosols and their verticality in all seasons irrespective of solar conditions. This favourable orbital configuration of CALIPSO over Sweden is exploited in the present study. Using five years of night-time aerosol observations (2006–2011), we investigated the vertical distribution of aerosols. The role of temperature inversions and winds in governing this distribution is additionally investigated using collocated AIRS-Aqua and ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. It is found that the majority of aerosols (up to 70%) are located within 1 km above the surface in the lowermost troposphere, irrespective of the season. In summer, convection and stronger mixing lift aerosols to slightly higher levels, but their noticeable presence in the upper free troposphere is observed in the winter half of the year, when the boundary layer is decoupled due to strong temperature inversions separating local sources from the transport component. When southerly winds prevail, two or more aerosol layers are most frequent over southern Sweden and the polluted air masses have higher AOD values. The depolarisation ratio and integrated attenuated backscatter of these aerosol layers are also higher. About 30–50% of all aerosol layers are located below the level where temperature inversions peak. On the other hand, relatively cleaner conditions are observed when the winds have a northerly component.
Influence of Atmosphere on Photo-Assisted Atomic Switch Operations (2013)

We conducted light irradiation experiments in air to clarify influence of atmosphere on the operation of a photo-assisted atomic switch. In air, Pt-Ag 2 S/Ag nanogap electrodes with a PTCDI thin layer in their nanogaps showed current fluctuations with an applied bias of from 1.5 V to 6 V regardless of the bias polarity and with or without light irradiation. This is in contrast to the fact that only two things cause an increase in current that result in the formation of a silver bridge and switching behavior under vacuum, namely, light irradiation and the application of positive bias to the Ag 2 S/Ag electrode [. In addition, photocurrent caused by irradiating a PTCDI thin layer was found to be sensitive to air and to N 2 . These results indicate that moisture or other gas molecules in air and in N 2 have an influence on the photo-assisted atomic switching behavior.
Learning Source Phrase Representations for Neural Machine Translation (2020)

The Transformer translation model (Vaswani et al., 2017) based on a multi-head attention mechanism can be computed effectively in parallel and has significantly pushed forward the performance of Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Though intuitively the attentional network can connect distant words via shorter network paths than RNNs, empirical analysis demonstrates that it still has difficulty in fully capturing long-distance dependencies (Tang et al., 2018). Considering that modeling phrases instead of words has significantly improved the Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) approach through the use of larger translation blocks ("phrases") and its reordering ability, modeling NMT at phrase level is an intuitive proposal to help the model capture long-distance relationships. In this paper, we first propose an attentive phrase representation generation mechanism which is able to generate phrase representations from corresponding token representations. In addition, we incorporate the generated phrase representations into the Transformer translation model to enhance its ability to capture long-distance relationships. In our experiments, we obtain significant improvements on the WMT 14 English-German and English-French tasks on top of the strong Transformer baseline, which shows the effectiveness of our approach. Our approach helps Transformer Base models perform at the level of Transformer Big models, and even significantly better for long sentences, but with substantially fewer parameters and training steps. The fact that phrase representations help even in the big setting further supports our conjecture that they make a valuable contribution to long-distance relations.
Methanococcus vannielii: Ultrastructure andSensitivity to Detergents andAntibiotics (1977)

Methanococcus vannielii is a strictly anaerobic motile coccus that possesses a tuft of flagellae. The cells are markedly sensitive to mechanical stress and are readily lysed by detergents, but the organism grows normally in media of low ionic strength. The absence of a typical cell wall, further suggested by resistance of M. vannielii to penicillin, cycloserine, and vancomycin, was confirmed by ultrastructural studies. Electron micrographs showed that the cell envelope lacks a peptidoglycan layer. On the outer surface there is a regular array of subunits similar to those of the glycoprotein envelopes of the halobacteria. However, the M. vannielii cell envelope, unlike those of the holobacteria, is unable to maintain a definite shape, and a high salt concentration is not required for its integrity.
Role of iron in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium infection in mice. (1996)

Mycobacterial infections are of serious concern to HIV-infected patients, and take a heavy toll of such patients. Mycobacterium avium is the most common opportunistic bacterial infection in patients with AIDS. The overload of iron in serum has been implicated in the pathogenicity of a number of bacterial infections. Since iron storage in cells such as macrophages is increased in AIDS, the role of iron as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of M. avium infection was examined. Supplementing iron to normal laboratory chow resulted in accelerated M. avium infection in mice inoculated earlier with the same organism. The bacterial loads in liver, spleen and lungs were approximately 12-fold higher in mice receiving iron supplementation compared with control groups. This is attributed to an increased percentage saturation of iron in the sera of the mice, thus making more iron available for the replication of bacteria. The addition of beef fat to the diet, together with high iron supplementation, further enhanced the infection. Using smaller inocula, mice receiving chow supplemented with high iron and fat developed disseminated M. avium infection faster than control mice. The results provide strong evidence that iron may play a major role in the pathogenesis of M. avium infection.
Framework for Temporal Tunnel Services (2016)

For existing MPLS LSP tunnel services, it is hard for LSP tunnels to
be booked in advance. In addition, once an LSP tunnel is set up, it is
assumed to consume a certain amount of resources such as link
bandwidth forever. Temporal LSP tunnel services (TTS) provides an easy
way for us to book temporal LSP tunnels in advance. More importantly,
a temporal LSP is an LSP with one or more time intervals and it is
assumed to consume the resources and carry traffic only in these time
intervals. This document specifies a framework for temporal LSP tunnel
services and provides a few of reference models along with logical
components required to design a solution for TTS.
Prevalence of HPV in HIV-Infected Women in the Designated AIDS Center at Upstate Medical University and the Potential Benefit of Vaccination Regardless of Age (2012)

Feola, Theresa D. BSN, FNP-c, ACRN; Albert, Mary Beth BSN, RN, ACRN; Shahabi, Kamnoosh BSc; Endy, Timothy MD, MPH Author Information
The MS-5 murine stromal cell line and hematopoietic growth factors synergize to support the megakaryocytic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (1997)

Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to differentiate into erythroid, mast, and granulomonocytic cells by using appropriate culture conditions. Because we were interested in the regulation of tissue-specific expression of the platelet glycoprotein IIb gene, we studied the culture conditions, aiming at the reproducible production of myeloid cells that included megakaryocytes (MKs) from ES cells. We showed that even a complex cocktail of HGFs (stem cell factor, interleukin 3, IL6, IL11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and erythropoietin) is unable to induce significant myeloid differentiation in day 12 embryoid bodies. Cocultures of MS-5 stromal cells with ES cells were slightly more productive than HGFs. A strong synergistic effect was observed on the growth of myeloid colonies and MKs when we used a combination of MS-5 cells plus the HGF cocktail. Conditioned medium from MS-5 cells also synergized with the HGF cocktail to produce a substantial number of mixed colonies containing MKs. The addition of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) to the HGF cocktail plus MS-5 nearly doubled the number of myeloid progenitors, including those with MKs. Thrombopoietin (TPO) alone or in any combination with MS-5 or HGFs, did not increase the number of MK-containing colonies. However, when TPO was added to the HGF cocktail + FGF-2 + MS-5, the number of MKs in liquid cultures and mixed colonies increased, and many exhibited a "hairy" appearance resembling pseudopodial proplatelet formation. Having defined the culture conditions of ES cells that allow the production of all the myeloid lineages including MKs, we conclude that the hematopoietic differentiation model of ES cells is especially useful for studying the regulation of expression of any gene important in early hematopoiesis.
A wide load range, multi-mode synchronous buck DC—DC converter with a dynamic mode controller and adaptive slope compensation (2013)

A synchronous buck DC—DC converter with an adaptive multi-mode controller is proposed. In order to achieve high efficiency over its entire load range, pulse-width modulation (PWM), pulse-skip modulation (PSM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) modes were integrated in the proposed DC—DC converter. With a highly accurate current sensor and a dynamic mode controller on chip, the converter can dynamically change among PWM, PSM and PFM control according to the load requirements. In addition, to avoid power device damage caused by inrush current at the start up state, a soft-start circuit is presented to suppress the inrush current. Furthermore, an adaptive slope compensation (SC) technique is proposed to stabilize the current programmed PWM controller for duty cycle passes over 50%, and improve the degraded load capability due to traditional slope compensation. The buck converter chip was simulated and manufactured under a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process. Experimental results show that the chip can achieve 79% to 91% efficiency over the load range of 0.1 to 1000 mA
Alkylation of cysteine‐containing peptides to mimic palmitoylation (2000)

Numerous proteins that are involved in cell signaling and viral replication require post-translational modification by palmitoylation to function properly. The molecular details by which this palmitoyl modification affects protein function remain poorly understood. To facilitate in vitro biochemical and structural studies of the role of palmitoylation on protein function, a method was developed for alkylating peptides with saturated C16 groups at cysteine residues and demonstrated using peptides derived from the palmitoylated region of Sindbis virus E2 glycoprotein. The synthetic approach takes advantage of disulfide chemistry to specifically modify only the cysteine residues within peptides and covalently links C16 groups via disulfide bridges using a new thioalkylating reagent, hexyldexyldithiopyridine. The chemistry presented here takes place in solution under mild conditions without the need for protection of the peptide functional groups. A method for purifying these modified peptides is also described. This protocol can be of general use to investigators studying the role of palmitoylation in biological systems.
Inheritance of reduced plant height in the sunflower line Dw 89 (2003)

Abstract The objective of the present research was to study the inheritance of reduced plant height in the sunflower line Dw 89. Plants of the cytoplasmic male sterile version of this line, cmsDw 89 (mean plant height of 47.4 cm) were crossed with plants of the restorer line RHA 271 (mean of 120.9 cm). F 1 plants averaged 120.4 cm, which indicated dominance of standard over reduced plant height. F 2 plants followed a segregation pattern of 1 : 15 (reduced : normal height), suggesting that reduced plant height in Dw 89 is controlled by alleles at two loci, designated Dw1 and Dw2. Class assignment in the F 2 was confirmed through the evaluation of the F 3 generation. Backcrosses to Dw 89 segregated with 1 : 3 (reduced : normal height) ratios, which confirmed the digenic inheritance of the trait. The evaluation of plant height distributions in F 3 families suggested possible genetic interaction between the Dw1 and Dw2 loci.
Aerial image formation in synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray lithography: The whole picture (1990)

The problem of the image formation in a proximity x-ray lithography (XRL) system has been addressed several times in the past, while a full description of the system has never been implemented for the case of a synchrotron radiation source. It is then necessary to (a) define exactly the properties of source, optical system and mask on the image and (b) correlate the different terms into a common ground. We first discuss the degree of coherence of the synchrotron source in term of the the broadband soft x-ray spectrum and of the partial degree of coherence of the source (finite size) on the linewidth control and the processing latitude (broadening). The effect of the optical system is fully taken into account. We propose a new image calculation method based on fast Fourier transform. On the basis of the result of the aerial image calculation, we discuss the possibility of using a uniform bias on the mask pattern to improve linewidth control in the submicrometer feature range. The result shows that for printing 0.25-μm features, the synchrotron-radiation-based XRL is an ideal tool when the gap is set correctly and that typical wafer topography can be handled without any problem.
Progress in elucidating pathophysiology of mucolipidosis IV (2021)

Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV) is an autosomal-recessive disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MCOLN1 gene encoding the non-selective cationic lysosomal channel transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 (TRPML1). Patients with MLIV suffer from severe motor and cognitive deficits that manifest in early infancy and progressive loss of vision leading to blindness in the second decade of life. There are no therapies available for MLIV and the unmet medical need is extremely high. Here we review the spectrum of clinical presentations and the latest research in the MLIV pre-clinical model, with the aim of highlighting the progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. These highlights include elucidation of the neurodevelopmental versus neurodegenerative features over the course of disease, hypomyelination as one of the major brain pathological disease hallmarks, and dysregulation of cytokines, with emerging evidence of IFN-gamma pathway upregulation in response to TRPML1 loss and pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes and microglia. These scientific advances in the MLIV field provide a basis for future translational research, including biomarker and therapy development, that are desperately needed for this patient population.
Reactivity of Human C-Reactive Protein with Positively Charged Liposomes1 (1981)

Interaction of CRP with liposomes was studied by agglutination, complement consumption, and the binding assay. Liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and stearylamine were agglutinated with CRP. The interaction of CRP and liposomes was further demonstrated by the consumption of hemolytic complement activity. Stearylamine could be substituted by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, indicating that positively charged molecules were required for the interaction. Agglutination of liposomes caused by CRP was dependent on the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol content and temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement revealed that both the agglutination of liposomes and the consumption of complement caused by CRP required the fluid state of membranes. Particle electrophoresis measurement showed that stearylamine in fluid state membranes was more dispersed than in rigid state membranes indicating that lateral distribution of stearylamine affected the reactivity of liposomes. The mode of complement activation by the interaction of CRP with positively charged liposomes was similar to that observed in the system of protamine and heparin.