gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the photoelectric properties of amorphous SiCx:H by using disilylmethane as a feeding gas (1989)

Amorphous (a-) SiCx:H films were deposited in a rf glow discharge of disilylmethane/silane mixtures. At optical gaps larger than 2 eV these films are found to have a higher photoconductivity than films prepared in conventional CH4/SiH4 gas mixtures. Both types of films are compared with respect to their hydrogen content as well as infrared and effusion spectra.
An efficient procedure for Nakagami-m fading simulation (2002)

An efficient method for generating correlated Nakagami-m fading envelope samples is presented. The new method is compared to other methods used to generate Nakagami-m random variates. An accurate approximation to the inverse Nakagami-m cumulative distribution function, valid for all values of m, is derived. Uncertainties regarding the phase distribution and the autocorrelation of the Nakagami-m fading process are discussed. The fading envelope autocorrelation is determined by simulation and asymptotic analysis.
Dietary phospholipid alters biliary lipid composition in formula‐fed piglets (1999)

Plasma cholesterol, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are higher in breast-fed infants than in infants fed formula without cholesterol, AA, or DHA. This study investigated differences in plasma, hepatic, and bile lipids and phospholipid fatty acids, and expression of hepatic proteins involved in sterol metabolism that result from feeding formula with cholesterol with egg phospholipid to provide AA and DHA. For this study, three groups of piglets were evaluated: piglets fed formula with 0.65 mmol/L cholesterol, the same formula with 0.8% AA and 0.2% DHA from egg phospholipid, and piglets fed sow milk. Piglets fed the formula with phospholipid AA and DHA had higher plasma high density lipoprotein, but not apoprotein (apo) B cholesterol or triglyceride; higher bile acid and phospholipid concentrations in bile; and higher liver and bile phospholipid AA and DHA than piglets fed formula without AA and DHA (P < 0.05). Hydroxy methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and 7-alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, respectively, and low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels were not different between piglets fed formula without and with phospholipid AA and DHA, but HMG-CoA reductase and 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA were higher, and plasma apo B containing lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in all piglets fed formula than in piglets fed milk. These studies show that supplementing formula with AA and DHA from egg phospholipid alters bile metabolism by increasing the bile AA and DHA, and bile acid and phospholipid.
Extracting Japanese Domain and Technical Terms is Relatively Easy (1996)

We argue that the important task of extracting domain and technical terms is much easier in Japanese than is commonly believed, and that technical term extraction should and can be more widely used. We present a method which shows that the implementation of such a tool for Japanese can be remarkably simple due to the regularity and rigidity of morphosyntactic characteristics of Japanese technical terms. Our learning algorithm bootstraps from the tagged output of a Japanese tokenizer/tagger to learn syntactic and morphological properties of technical terms. We show that very simple linguistic patterns are reliable enough to yield high precision technical terms from tagged texts, even for terms which occur only once and are usually overlooked by English technical term extractors. In addition, by incorporating a model for unknown words, we are able to extract correct technical terms from words not properly tagged.
Detection and localization of mRNAs encoding matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor in human breast pathology. (1993)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes thought to be responsible for both normal connective-tissue-matrix remodelling and the accelerated breakdown associated with tumor development. These MMPs and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP1) could be expressed by either the cancer or the stromal cells. Expression of mRNAs encoding interstitial collagenase (MMP1), 72-kD type IV collagenase (MMP2) and stromelysin (MMP3), which are probably involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, and of TIMP1 were studied in human mammary pathology by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis. Out of 6 benign lesions, 2 expressed MMP2 mRNAs. mRNAs encoding MMP1 and MMP3 were detectable in occasional stromal and tumor cells in 2 out of 17 carcinomas. Thirteen out of 17 cancers expressed MMP2 mRNA throughout the tumor in stromal cells close to noninvasive tumor clusters and well-differentiated invasive cancer cells. TIMP1 mRNA expression was detected in noninvasive and well-differentiated invasive tumor cells. These data suggest that there is a cooperation between tumor and stromal cells, in particular for the production of 72-kD type IV collagenase, involved in the disruption of basement membranes. A lack of TIMP1 expression from invasive cancer cells would also contribute to matrix destruction.
Characterization of the Human c- fms Gene Product and Its Expression in Cells of the Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage (1985)

The McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus contains an oncogene called v-fms whose ultimate protein product (gp140v-fms) resembles a cell surface growth factor receptor. To identify and characterize the protein product of the proto-oncogene c-fms, antisera were prepared to the viral fms sequences and used to detect specific cross-reacting sequences in human choriocarcinoma cells (BeWo) known to express c-fms mRNA. Both tumor-bearing rat sera and a rabbit antiserum prepared to a segment of v-fms expressed in Escherichia coli detected a 140-kilodalton (kDa) glycoprotein in the BeWo cells. Tryptic fingerprint analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins indicated that the viral fms proteins and the 140-kDa BeWo cell protein were highly related. This 140-kDa glycoprotein contained an associated tyrosine kinase activity in vitro and was labeled principally on serine after 32Pi metabolic labeling. These results suggest that the 140-kDa protein in BeWo cells is the protein product of the human c-fms proto-oncogene. This conclusion is supported by the finding that a similar protein is detectable only in other human cells that express c-fms mRNA. These other human cells include adherent monocytes and the cell line ML-1, which can be induced to differentiate along the monocyte-macrophage pathway. This is in agreement with current thought that the c-fms proto-oncogene product functions as the CSF-1 receptor specific to this pathway.
Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by carbonylation reactions (2020)

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are key building blocks in organic chemistry. Their catalytic synthesis has received significant attention during the past decades. Among the known methodologies, carbonylation reactions represent an atom-efficient tool box to convert a variety of easily available substrates into valuable α,β-unsaturated carbonylated products including aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, and carboxylic acids. Herein, we summarize the most important achievements in this field with a special focus on results from the last decade.
Comparison of Direct Torque Control Techniques in Induction Motor Drives in Terms of Electromagnetic Conducted Emissions (2006)

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental characterization of the electromagnetic conducted emissions of DTC induction motor drives. In particular three DTC strategies are focused: the classic DTC, the DTC-SVM and the DTC EMC. A new theoretical analysis of the common-mode voltage spectrum obtained with all of the three DTC strategies is presented, which is an useful analytical tool for the emissions' prevision. Moreover, an experimental analysis of the conducted emissions has been performed in a frequency range from 0 to 30 MHz, whereby suitable electrical values to be measured and suitable measurements systems have been adopted
In vivo studies of whole ricin monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates for the treatment of murine tumours (1988)

Ricin is a highly potent toxin which binds to cells via galactose binding sites on the B chain; the toxicity is manifest by the A chain and most studies with immunotoxins have used ricin A chain-antibody conjugates. We have previously described a method for the coupling of whole ricin to monoclonal antibody (MoAb) so that the galactose binding sites on the B chain are blocked; these conjugates are not non-specifically toxic. Whole ricin-MoAb conjugates were examined in vivo for their stability, clearance rates and toxicity, and these were compared with modified ricin-MoAb conjugates produced by periodate treatment of ricin. First, the biological half-life of whole ricin or modified ricin was determined and indicated that while ricin was rapidly cleared from the circulation (t 1/2 = 4.5 +/- 0.5 min) compared with modified ricin (t 1/2 = 17 +/- 1 min), covalent linkage of native ricin to MoAb increased the blood circulation time of the toxin (t 1/2 = 22 +/- 1 min). Immunotoxins synthesized with the Ly-2.1 MoAb using native or modified (deglycosylated) ricin were compared in vivo. In two different models anti-Ly-2.1 immunotoxins could be shown to be effective in vivo: (i) intraperitoneal tumours, thymomas grown in the peritoneal cavity could be completely eradicated by ricin-MoAb; (ii) subcutaneous tumours, mice with tumours approximately 0.75 cm in diameter received intravenous doses of the whole ricin-MoAb and a substantial reduction in tumour size was achieved. Thus whole ricin-antibody conjugates made with the galactose binding site blocked combine the advantage of high potency with high specificity (which was previously lacking in intact ricin conjugates) and can be successfully used in vivo to treat tumours.
Random finite set for data association in multiple camera tracking (2011)

Most methods for multiple camera tracking rely on accurate calibration to associate data from multiple cameras. However, it often is not easy to have an accurate calibration in some real applications due to practical reasons. The inaccurate calibration can lead to wrong data association of objects between cameras. In this paper, we propose a method to handle the data association of objects in multiple cameras under inaccurate ground plane homography by using the RFS Bayes filter. Our method is based on modeling measurements from cameras to a random finite set. This random finite set includes the primary measurement from the object, extraneous measurements of the object, and clutter. Experimental results show the efficiency and robustness of our method through challenging cases such as occlusions, merged and split persons.
Backprojection revisited: scalable multi-view object detection and similarity metrics for detections (2010)

Abstract. Hough transform based object detectors learn a mapping from the image domain to a Hough voting space. Within this space, object hypotheses are formed by local maxima. The votes contributing to a hypothesis are called support. In this work, we investigate the use of the support and its backprojection to the image domain for multi-view object detection. To this end, we create a shared codebook with training and matching complexities independent of the number of quantized views. We show that since backprojection encodes enough information about the viewpoint all views can be handled together. In our experiments, we demonstrate that superior accuracy and efficiency can be achieved in comparison to the popular one-vs-the-rest detectors by treating views jointly especially with few training examples and no view annotations. Furthermore, we go beyond the detection case and based on the support we introduce a part-based similarity measure between two arbitrary detections which naturally takes spatial relationships of parts into account and is insensitive to partial occlusions. We also show that backprojection can be used to efficiently measure the similarity of a detection to all training examples. Finally, we demonstrate how these metrics can be used to estimate continuous object parameters like human pose and object’s viewpoint. In our experiment, we achieve state-of-the-art performance for view-classification on the PASCAL VOC’06 dataset. 1
Camaraderie Action: Cultivating Community and Commensality (2020)

Cultivating Community and Commensality, the first of three Camaraderie Actions, builds space for colleagues to connect and support each other on a deeper level than afforded in day-to-day work. When an organization supports commensality, the return on investment is high: a greater sense of community that enhances professional fulfillment, reduces burnout, and promotes esprit de corps.
Methods for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy: Application to hypertensive heart disease (1993)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) detected by electrocardiography (ECG) and, more recently, by echocardiography has been shown to be an extremely strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with essential hypertension and in members of the general population. Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) is strongly related to both increased blood pressure and overweight. Indexation of LVM by body surface or height has advantages for the detection of LVH related to hypertension or obesity. Indexation of LVM for height to the power 2.7 revealed by analysis of growth (allometric) relations may accomplish both these goals. In validation studies, the sensitivity of echocardiography to detect LVH has been reasonably high (85-100%), whereas that of ECG has ranged from as high as 50% in severely diseased necropsy populations to as low as 6-17% in recent studies in Cornell and Framingham. ECG sensitivity can be improved by using Cornell multivariate regression equations or by consideration of the Cornell voltage-QRS duration product. Obesity dramatically decreases the sensitivity of the ECG for detection of LVH, and recent research suggests a lower specificity and a higher rate of false-positive ECG diagnoses of LVH in black than in white subjects. Standard criteria for ECG LVH are less useful than echocardiographic findings for stratifying populations into high- and low-risk subgroups because of lower sensitivity, but improved ECG criteria need further evaluation in this respect.
Current trends in the surgical management of Dupuytren’s disease in Europe: the surgeon’s perspective (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Dupuytren's disease (DD), commonly affecting European men, is generally treated with surgery. METHODS: Orthopaedic and plastic surgeons who had been practicing for >3 and <30 years and operated on ≥5 patients with DD between September and December 2008 were surveyed in 12 European countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and UK). The survey assessed procedures performed, factors influencing choice of procedure, use of physical therapy and recurrence. Descriptive statistics are reported. RESULTS: A total of 687 surgeons participated, including 579 orthopaedic and 108 plastic surgeons; 383 (56%) were hand surgeons. About 37% of surgeons performed percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF), 77% fasciotomy, 95% fasciectomy and 40% dermofasciectomy (DF). Surgeons' choice of procedure was influenced by patient preferences, age, degree of contracture and recurrent disease. The percentage of surgeons prescribing physical therapy and the mean (standard deviation [SD]) duration of therapy increased with procedure complexity: PNF = 82%, 5.2 (3.9) weeks; fasciotomy = 94%, 5.3 (3.6); fasciectomy = 97%, 6.7 (5.1); and DF = 99%, 8.5 (6.4). Using survey responses, mean (SD) estimated recurrence rates decreased and estimated time to recurrence increased with procedure complexity-PNF = 44% (27%), 17 (15) months; fasciotomy = 30% (24%), 20 (18); fasciectomy = 20% (17%), 29 (23); and DF = 20% (19%), 33 (27). CONCLUSIONS: Across Europe, patient and surgical factors influence the intention to use a surgical procedure. Fasciectomy was the most commonly performed procedure type and was associated with lower recurrence than PNF or fasciotomy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12570-012-0091-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Effect of in vitro simulated digestion on the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of different propolis extracts (2021)

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (HP) is among the most common pathogens causing infection in humans worldwide. Oxidative stress and gastric inflammation are involved in the progression of HP-related gastric diseases, and they can be targeted by integrating conventional antibiotic treatment with polyphenol-enriched natural products. In this work, we characterised three different propolis extracts and evaluated their stability under <i>in vitro</i> simulated gastric digestion, compared to their main constituents alone. The extract with the highest stability to digestion (namely, the dark propolis extract, DPE) showed a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) lower than 1 mg/mL on HP strains with different virulence factors. Finally, since urease is one of the virulence factors contributing to the establishment of a microenvironment that promotes HP infection, we evaluated the possible inhibition of this enzyme by using molecular docking simulations and <i>in vitro</i> colorimetric assay, showing that galangin and pinocembrin may be involved in this activity.
Graph Neural Tangent Kernel: Fusing Graph Neural Networks with Graph Kernels (2019)

While graph kernels (GKs) are easy to train and enjoy provable theoretical guarantees, their practical performances are limited by their expressive power, as the kernel function often depends on hand-crafted combinatorial features of graphs. Compared to graph kernels, graph neural networks (GNNs) usually achieve better practical performance, as GNNs use multi-layer architectures and non-linear activation functions to extract high-order information of graphs as features. However, due to the large number of hyper-parameters and the non-convex nature of the training procedure, GNNs are harder to train. Theoretical guarantees of GNNs are also not well-understood. Furthermore, the expressive power of GNNs scales with the number of parameters, and thus it is hard to exploit the full power of GNNs when computing resources are limited. The current paper presents a new class of graph kernels, Graph Neural Tangent Kernels (GNTKs), which correspond to infinitely wide multi-layer GNNs trained by gradient descent. GNTKs enjoy the full expressive power of GNNs and inherit advantages of GKs. Theoretically, we show GNTKs provably learn a class of smooth functions on graphs. Empirically, we test GNTKs on graph classification datasets and show they achieve strong performance.
Chitinase 3-like-1 Contributes to Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury by Promoting Hepatic Platelet Recruitment (2021)

Abstract Hepatic platelet accumulation contributes to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI). However, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in platelet recruitment to the liver and whether targeting such pathways could attenuate AILI. The present study unveiled a critical role of chitinase 3-like-1 (Chi3l1) in hepatic platelet recruitment during AILI. Increased Chi3l1 and platelets in the liver were observed in patients and mice overdosed with APAP. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Chi3l1 -/- mice developed attenuated AILI with markedly reduced hepatic platelet accumulation. Mechanistic studies revealed that Chi3l1 signaled through CD44 on macrophages to induce podoplanin expression, which mediated platelet recruitment through C-type lectin-like receptor 2. Moreover, APAP treatment of CD44 -/- mice resulted in much lower numbers of hepatic platelets and liver injury than WT mice, a phenotype similar to that in Chi3l1 -/- mice. Recombinant Chi3l1 could restore hepatic platelet accumulation and AILI in Chi3l1 -/- mice, but not in CD44 -/- mice. Importantly, we generated anti-Chi3l1 monoclonal antibodies and demonstrated that they could effectively inhibit hepatic platelet accumulation and AILI. Overall, we uncovered the Chi3l1/CD44 axis as a critical pathway mediating APAP-induced hepatic platelet recruitment and tissue injury. We demonstrated the feasibility and potential of targeting Chi3l1 to treat AILI.
Metal Organic Frameworks as Robust Host of Palladium Nanoparticles in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Synthesis, Application, and Prospect (2019)

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are one set of the most excellent supports for Pd nanoparticles (NPs). MOFs as the host mainly have the following advantages: (i) they provide size limits for highly dispersed Pd NPs; (ii) fixing Pd NPs is beneficial for separation and reuse, avoiding the loss of expensive metals; (iii) the MOFs skeleton is diversified and functionalized, which is beneficial to enhancing the interaction with Pd NPs and prolonging the service life of the catalyst. This review discusses the synthesis strategy of Pd@MOF, which provides guidance for the synthesis of similar materials. After that, the research advance of Pd@MOF in heterogeneous catalysis is comprehensively summarized, including C–C coupling reaction, benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction, simple olefin hydrogenation reaction, nitroaromatic compound reduction, tandem reaction, and the photocatalysis, with the emphasis in providing a comparison with the performance of other alternative Pd-containing catalysts. In the final section, this review presents the current challenges and which are the next goals in this field.
An explainable spatial-temporal graphical convolutional network to score freezing of gait in parkinsonian patients (2023)

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a poorly understood heterogeneous gait disorder seen in patients with parkinsonism which contributes to significant morbidity and social isolation. FOG is currently measured with scales that are typically performed by movement disorders specialists (ie. MDS-UPDRS), or through patient completed questionnaires (N-FOG-Q) both of which are inadequate in addressing the heterogeneous nature of the disorder and are unsuitable for use in clinical trials The purpose of this study was to devise a method to measure FOG objectively, hence improving our ability to identify it and accurately evaluate new therapies. We trained interpretable deep learning models with multi-task learning to simultaneously score FOG (cross-validated F1 score 97.6%), identify medication state (OFF vs. ON levodopa; cross-validated F1 score 96.8%), and measure total PD severity (MDS-UPDRS-III score prediction error ≤ 2.7 points) using kinematic data of a well-characterized sample of N=57 patients during levodopa challenge tests. The proposed model was able to identify kinematic features associated with each FOG severity level that were highly consistent with the features that movement disorders specialists are trained to identify as characteristic of freezing. In this work, we demonstrate that deep learning models' capability to capture complex movement patterns in kinematic data can automatically and objectively score FOG with high accuracy. These models have the potential to discover novel kinematic biomarkers for FOG that can be used for hypothesis generation and potentially as clinical trial outcome measures.