gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Direct Intermolecular Chemoselective α-Amidation of Masked Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids with Dioxazolones via Nitrene Transfer (2021)

The Ir(III)-catalyzed direct α-C–H amidation of imidazole-masked aliphatic carboxylic acids with dioxazolones is reported. The presence of an imidazole moiety as a directing group is a key to the success of the reaction. The products can be easily converted to esters and amides in a simple procedure. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope for various substituted 2-acylimidazoles, as well as a variety of dioxazolone derivatives with important functional groups being tolerated. The reaction mechanism was investigated by deuterium-labeling experiments, Hammett plots, NMR, and FAB-MS, and we propose the generation of an iridium nitrene intermediate.
The optimal concentration of topical hydroxycamptothecin in preventing intraarticular scar adhesion (2014)

10-Hydroxycamptothecin could reduce intraarticular adhesion by inhibiting fibroblasts proliferation after knee surgery. However, the ideal concentration of hydroxycamptothecin have not been defined. This study was tried to verify the optimal concentration of 10-hydroxycamptothecin in preventing knee intraarticular adhesion. Sixty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Approximately 10 mm × 10 mm of the cortical bone was removed from both sides of the femoral condyle and the underneath cancellous bone was exposed. Various concentrations of hydroxycamptothecin (0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, 2.0 mg/ml) or saline were applied to the decorticated areas for 10 minutes. After four weeks, the degree of inraarticular adhesion was assessed by macroscopic evaluation, biochemical analysis of hydroxyproline content and histological evaluation. The results demonstrated that the extent of knee inraarticular adhesion in 1.0 mg/ml group and 2.0 mg/ml hydroxycamptothecin group were significantly lower than those of 0.5 mg/ml group, 0.1 mg/ml hydroxycamptothecin group and control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between 1.0 mg/ml group and 2.0 mg/ml hydroxycamptothecin group. In conclusion, topical application of 1.0 mg/ml hydroxycamptothecin may be the optimal concentration in reducing intraarticular adhesion after knee surgery in rabbits.
Mutagenesis induced by the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside in mouse cells (2006)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule derived from endogenous or exogenous sources. NO can exhibit genotoxicity through the formation of reactive nitrogen species. Nitric oxide releasing compounds, such as sodium nitroprusside, are widely used for the therapy of hypertension and other disorders. Here we have characterized the mutagenicity of sodium nitroprusside in mouse embryo fibroblasts carrying the cII mutation reporter gene. Sodium nitroprusside dose-dependently increased the cII mutant frequency to levels approximately 5-fold above background. The mutational spectrum induced by sodium nitroprusside was characterized by an increase in the fraction of G-->T transversion mutations (P < 0.003) but the proportion of transition mutations was not increased. We discuss the potential origin of the G-->T mutations induced by this compound in mammalian cells.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐TERMINAL LEU‐ENKEPHALIN REARRANGEMENTS. I (1977)

The synthesis of H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH (Leu-enkephalin), endogenus peptide with opiate-like activity, and two rearrangements concerning Leu-enkephalin N-terminus are described.
MODIS Snow-Cover Products (2001)

On December 18, 1999, the Terra satellite was launched with a complement of five instruments including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Many geophysical products are derived from MODIS data including global snow-cover products. MODIS snow and ice products have been available through the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) since September 13, 2000. MODIS snow-cover products represent potential improvement to or enhancement of the currently available operational products mainly because the MODIS products are global and 500-m resolution, and have the capability to separate most snow and clouds. The MODIS snow-mapping algorithms are automated, which means that a consistent data set may be generated for long-term climate studies that require snow-cover information. Extensive quality assurance (QA) information is stored with the products. The MODIS snow product suite begins with a 500-m resolution, 2330-km swath snow-cover map, which is then gridded to an integerized sinusoidal grid to produce daily and 8-day composite tile products. The sequence proceeds to a climate-modeling grid (CMG) product at 0.05° resolution, with both daily and 8-day composite products. Each pixel of the daily CMG contains fraction of snow cover from 40% to 100%. Measured errors of commission in the CMG are low, for example, on the continent of Australia in the spring, they vary from 0.02% to 0.10%. Near-term enhancements include daily snow albedo and fractional snow cover. A case study from March 6, 2000, involving MODIS data and field and aircraft measurements, is presented to show some early validation work.
Prolonged FGF signaling is necessary for lung and liver induction in Xenopus (2012)

These results suggest that the liver and lungs are specified at progressively later times in development requiring mesoderm contact for different lengths of time. Our data suggest that this is achieved at least in part through prolonged FGF signaling. In addition to providing a foundation for further mechanistic studies on foregut organogenesis using the experimental advantages of the Xenopus system, these data have implications for the directed differentiation of stem cells into foregut lineages.
“A Remarkable Experience of God, Shaping Us as a Family”: Parents’ Use of Faith Following Child's Rare Disease Diagnosis (2015)

A child's chronic illness can lead parents to utilize different types of coping, including religious beliefs and practices. Previous studies have generally focused on life-shortening diagnoses. The present study explored parental use of faith when the diagnosis was not life-shortening, using grounded-theory qualitative methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured telephone interviews with N = 12 parents of children diagnosed with Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia of Infancy (NEHI); approximately 50% of the diagnosed population in the United States at the time of the interview. Participants used faith to cope and make meaning in five ways: parents believed NEHI happened for a reason; beliefs provided resilience; parents were sustained by faith communities; beliefs affected parents' behavior; and beliefs developed over time. The results suggest that chaplains develop means for universal screening for spiritual struggle; educating congregational clergy how to support families in which a child has a chronic illness; and assisting parents construct meaning of their experience.
Reconsidering wireless systems with multiple radios (2004)

The tremendous popularity of wireless systems in recent years has led to the commoditization of RF transceivers (radios) whose prices have fallen dramatically. The lower cost allows us to consider using two or more radios in the same device. Given this, we argue that wireless systems that use multiple radios in a collaborative manner dramatically improve system performance and functionality over the traditional single radio wireless systems that are popular today. In this context, we revisit some standard problems in wireless networking, including energy management, capacity enhancement, mobility management, channel failure recovery, and last-hop packet scheduling. We show that a systems approach can alleviate many of the performance and robustness issues prevalent in current wireless LAN systems. We explore the implications of the multi-radio approach on software and hardware design, as well as on algorithmic and protocol research issues. We identify three key design guidelines for constructing multi-radio systems and present results from two systems that we have built. Our experience supports our position that a multi-radio platform offers significant ben-efits for wireless systems.
Use of cross-correlation function to detect patient motion during SPECT imaging. (1987)

We have developed a procedure to detect patient motion during a tomographic acquisition. The method uses frame-to-frame cross-correlation functions of the summed profiles in the vertical and horizontal directions of the planar images. The quantitative output derived from examination of the variation of the change in the pixel value, corresponding to the maximum of the cross-correlation function at each view, provides an effective and nonsubjective means of performing quality control on the presence and amount of movement during a single photon emission computed tomographic scan. In contrast to cine mode and sinogram display, easy to interpret hard copy can be generated through this procedure.
Peanut Improvement for Human Health (2014)

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae) is an energy-dense and nutritious food. Regular consumption of peanuts improves human health. Oil content and oil quality, which is determined by variation in oleic (O) and linoleic (L) fatty acids, are important seed quality traits in peanut. Aflatoxin (produced by fungus Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) is a serious health problem, whereas peanut allergy is a potentially life-threatening and often lifelong food allergy. High O/L ratio increases shelf life of peanut products and, therefore, their marketability. Germplasm and advanced breeding lines with oil content as high as 55–60% and O/L ratio ranging from 7:1 to 40:1 are available for use in peanut breeding. Global warming has a significant impact on the nutritional quality of food crops. Identification of germplasm with stable seed quality traits will be a prerequisite to initiate quality breeding in peanut. Peanut cultivars with high oleate content, developed by conventional breeding and selection, are widely grown in the United States. Marker-aided backcross breeding has led to the development of ‘Tifguard High O/L’ peanut cultivar in the United States. Enough genetic variation in seed iron and zinc content has been noted, but targeted breeding for these micronutrients in peanut is yet to begin. Peanut is devoid of β-carotene—a precursor of vitamin A. Using a cotyledon-based Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system and the maize psyI gene driven by the At oleosin promoter, β-carotene-rich transgenic peanuts have been achieved. Transgenic peanuts with the antifungal gene cpo-p inhibited A. flavus hyphal growth or those containing the Rchit gene have shown a broader spectrum of resistance against fungal infection including A. flavus. Knocking out genes for the allergenic proteins, using targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) or RNAi approaches, has shown promise to derive mutants or transgenic events lacking allergenic seed proteins, with no adverse effect on seed quality or viability. These genetic stocks when available to researchers may lead to breeding agronomically superior nutritionally enhanced peanut cultivars, which will be free from allergens and toxins.
Combustion Process Analysis in a DISI Engine Fuelled with N-Butanol through UV-VIS Emission Spectroscopy (2014)

In this paper, the study on the effects of n-butanol on the combustion process in a DISI engine has been conducted.Experiments were performed on a direct injection SI engine operated on gasoline and butanol, with combined analysis of in-cylinder pressure traces, exhaust emissions and optical data. The optically accessible power unit was fitted with a commercial head and a high pressure wall guided injection system working at 100 bar. The engine speed was set at 2000 rev/min as a representative value for mid-road load automotive use. Different spark timings were tested. All trials were performed at close to stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.UV-visible natural emission spectroscopy was applied to investigate the formation and the evolution of the main compounds characterizing the spark ignition and combustion process. Pollutant measurements (HC, CO and NOx) at undiluted exhaust, for gasoline and butanol, were correlated with pressure related data and optical results.
Can BP Reduction Treat the Hypertensive Response (2010)

The hypertensive response seen in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with hematoma expansion and poor outcome, but whether this relation is causal is not known. The authors conducted a pilot, multicenter, controlled trial to test the safety and feasibility of reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) to one of three target thresholds: 170–200 mm Hg, 140–170 mm Hg, or 110–140 mm Hg. A total of 60 patients were enrolled, with similar numbers in each target group. Nicardipine was started within 6 hours after symptom onset and continued for 24 hours. In this substudy, the investigators performed a post hoc analysis …
On the theory of the KVV auger spectrum of Li (2009)

Many-body effects on the core-valence-valence Auger lineshape of Li are evaluated in a change-of-mean-field, free-electron model.
Hard–Soft Chemistry Design Principles for Predictive Assembly of Single Molecule-Metal Junctions (2021)

The achievement of atomic control over the organic-inorganic interface is key to engineering electronic and spintronic properties of molecular devices. We leverage insights from inorganic chemistry to create hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory-derived design principles for incorporation of single molecules onto metal electrodes. A single molecule circuit is assembled via a bond between an organic backbone and an under-coordinated metal atom of the electrode surface, typically Au. Here, we study molecular composition factors affecting the junction assembly of coordination complexes containing transition metals atoms on Au electrodes. We employ hetero- and homobimetallic lantern complexes and systematically change the coordination environment to vary the character of the intramolecular bonds relative to the electrode-molecule interaction. We observe that trends in the robustness and chemical selectivity of single molecule junctions formed with a range of linkers correlate with HSAB principles, which have traditionally been used to guide atomic arrangements in the synthesis of coordination complexes. We find that this similarity between the intermolecular electrode-molecule bonding in a molecular circuit and the intramolecular bonds within a coordination complex has implications for the design of metal-containing complexes compatible with electrical measurements on metal electrodes. Our results here show that HSAB principles determine which intramolecular interactions can be compromised by inter molecule-electrode coordination; in particular on Au electrodes, soft-soft metal-ligand bonding is vulnerable to competition from soft-soft Au-linker bonding in the junction. Neutral donor-acceptor intramolecular bonds can be tuned by the Lewis acidity of the transition metal ion, suggesting future synthetic routes toward incorporation of transition metal atoms into molecular junctions for increased functionality of single molecule devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5,6‐Hexahydro‐8‐hydroxy‐2,6‐epithio‐3‐benzazocine. (1990)

Abstract 4‐Methoxyphenylacetic acid (I) is converted into the thiol (III) which undergoes acid‐catalyzed coupling with methyl acetoacetate (IV) to produce the unsaturated thioether (V).
Deterministic phase measurements exhibiting super-sensitivity and super-resolution (2018)

&lt;p&gt;Phase super-sensitivity is obtained when the sensitivity in a phase measurement goes beyond the quantum shot noise limit, whereas super-resolution is obtained when the interference fringes in an interferometer are narrower than half the input wavelength. Here we show experimentally that these two features can be simultaneously achieved using a relatively simple setup based on Gaussian states and homodyne measurement. Using 430 photons shared between a coherent and a squeezed vacuum state, we demonstrate a 22-fold improvement in the phase resolution, while we observe a 1.7-fold improvement in the sensitivity. In contrast to previous demonstrations of super-resolution and super-sensitivity, this approach is fully deterministic.&lt;/p&gt;
Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing of Al/Diamond Composites Using Core-Shell-Structured Diamond (2018)

Abstract In this work, advanced Al/diamond wear-resistance composites were fabricated by solid-state cold spray additive manufacturing using core-shell-structured diamond powders. Based on the experimental results and thorough discussion, it is found that core-shell-structured diamond powders were much easier to deposit than pure Al by cold spray, showing great potentials as feedstock for cold spraying. The deposition mechanism of the Al/diamond composites were dominated by the true metallic bonding between Al matrix and Cu layer, which is different from other conventual cold sprayed metal matrix composites. Tensile tests indicated that the tensile strength of the Al/diamond composites can be higher than cold sprayed pure Al. In addition, the Al/diamond composites had super wear-resistance performance. The wear rate was reduced by 17.8 times for the N4-1 composite and by 37.5 times for the N1-1 composite as compared with cold sprayed Al/Al2O3 composite.
O-Specific Polysaccharide-Specific Memory B Cell Responses in Young Children, Older Children, and Adults Infected with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Bangladesh (2016)

Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 confers at least 3 to 10 years of protection against subsequent disease regardless of age, despite a relatively rapid fall in antibody levels in peripheral blood, suggesting that memory B cell responses may play an important role in protection. The V. cholerae O1-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for serogroup specificity, and it is unclear if young children are capable of developing memory B cell responses against OSP, a T cell-independent antigen, following cholera. To address this, we assessed OSP-specific memory B cell responses in young children (2 to 5 years, n = 11), older children (6 to 17 years, n = 21), and adults (18 to 55 years, n = 28) with cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We also assessed memory B cell responses against LPS and vibriocidal responses, and plasma antibody responses against OSP, LPS, and cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB; a T cell-dependent antigen) on days 2 and 7, as well as days 30, 90, and 180 after convalescence. In all age cohorts, vibriocidal responses and plasma OSP, LPS, and CtxB-specific responses peaked on day 7 and fell toward baseline over the follow-up period. In comparison, we were able to detect OSP memory B cell responses in all age cohorts of patients with detectable responses over baseline for 90 to 180 days. Our results suggest that OSP-specific memory B cell responses can occur following cholera, even in the youngest children, and may explain in part the age-independent induction of long-term immunity following naturally acquired disease.
Laplacian Eigenmaps-Based Polarimetric Dimensionality Reduction for SAR Image Classification (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification. We apply Laplacian eigenmaps (LE), a nonlinear dimensionality reduction (NDR) technique, to a high-dimensional polarimetric feature representation for PolSAR land-cover classification. A wide variety of polarimetric signatures are chosen to construct a high-dimensional polarimetric manifold which can be mapped into the most compact low-dimensional structure by manifold-based dimensionality reduction techniques. This NDR technique is employed to obtain a low-dimensional intrinsic feature vector by the LE algorithm, which is beneficial to PolSAR land-cover classification owing to its local preserving property. The effectiveness of our PolSAR land-cover classification scheme with LE intrinsic feature vector is demonstrated with the RadarSat-2 C-band PolSAR data set and the 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation X-band PolInSAR data set. The performance of our method is measured by the separability in the feature space and the accuracy of classification. Comparisons on the feature space show that the LE intrinsic feature vector is more separable than different original feature vectors. Our LE intrinsic feature vector also improves the classification accuracy.
Expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in gestational trophoblastic diseases (1997)

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) is an abnormal condition of the placenta, the incidence of which is very high in the State of Kerala, India. Placentae of normal (50) and molar pregnancy (122) including 52 showing persistent disease were used for the study. EGFR and EGF expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. EGF receptors were quantitated using the I-125 EGF-binding assay and that of EGF was quantitated using isotope labelled antibody to EGF. Tumours with histological diagnosis of invasive moles and choriocarcinoma showed very strong binding of both EGF and EGFR. The present observations also suggest the possibility of presence of mutated EGF receptors in persistent trophoblastic disease.
The well‐being of gays, lesbians and bisexuals in Botswana (2001)

The well-being of the GLBs in Botswana was influenced by both positive internal acceptance of their sexual orientation and negative external acceptance by society. Health care professionals played insignificant roles in the promotion of GLBs' well-being, and could make greater inputs into health education efforts, and more significant contributions towards enhancing the GLBs' levels of well-being. Enhanced collaboration between health professionals and human rights activists are recommended to reduce violations of Botswana's GLBs' dignity and to improve their quality of life, including enhanced access to and utilization of health care services.
Sapphire Rapids: The Next-Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processor (2022)

Sapphire Rapids (SPR) is the next-generation Xeon® Processor with increased core count, greater than 100MB shared L3 cache, 8 DDR5 channels, 32GT/s PCIe/CXL lanes, 16GT/s UPI lanes and integrated accelerators supporting cryptography, compression and data streaming. The processor is made up of 4 die (Fig. 2.2.7) manufactured on Intel 7 process technology which features dual-poly-pitch SuperFin (SF) transistors with performance enhancements beyond 10SF,>25% additional MIM density over SuperMIM and a metal stack with a 400nm pitch routing layer optimized for global interconnects. This layer achieves ~30% delay reduction at the same signal density and is key for achieving the required latency. The core provides better performance via a programmable power management controller. New technologies include Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX), a matrix multiplication capability for acceleration of AI workloads and new virtualization technologies to address new and emerging workloads.
Synergistic Antioxidant Activity of Size Controllable chitosan-templated Prussian Blue Nanoparticle (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) have been reported as excellent antioxidant agents owing to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, their poor stability <i>in vivo</i> limits their use in biomedical applications. <b>Materials & methods:</b> In this study, we developed chitosan-templated PB NPs using water-soluble chitosan samples with molecular weights ranging from 3 to 100 kDa, which stabilized the PB NPs and improved their antioxidant activity. <b>Results & conclusion:</b> The chitosan-templated PB NPs coordinated with the optimal chitosan molecular weight had uniform sphere-like particles, improved stability and effective scavenging activity of <i>in vitro</i> reactive oxygen species generation in murine fibroblast cells stimulated by oxidative stress agents without any cytotoxicity, implying that they could be promising antioxidant agents.