gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Biofilms and Increased Bacterial Counts Are Associated with Airway Stenosis (2013)

Objectives: The majority of airway stenoses are acquired secondary to the use of prolonged endotracheal intubation (ETT). Pressure exerted on the tracheal mucosa by the presence of ETT leads to irritation, ulceration, and granulation tissue formation and eventual fibrosis. An excess of granulation tissue promotes excess wound contracture. Antibiotics have been shown to decrease local inflammation and granulation tissue formation in the trachea. However, antibiotic therapy is not 100% effective in preventing or treating granulation tissue formation. Development of bacterial biofilms may explain this finding. This study was done to evaluate the difference between stenotic segment and normal trachea in terms of 1) presence of bacterial biofilms; 2) quantitative analysis of bacterial count; 3) inflammatory markers within tracheal tissue. Methods: Institutional review board approved case‐control study, where cases were patients with airway stenosis and controls were patients without airway stenosis. We performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for biofilm, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for quantitative analysis of bacterial count, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for inflammatory markers. Results: SEM showed presence of biofilm in cases compared to controls. The number of 16S rRNA gene copies using qPCR, a surrogate for the number of bacterial cells, was significantly higher in cases (mean=198) compared to controls (mean=30) ( P &lt; 0.05). Pediatric cases showed a significantly higher bacterial count than adult cases. IHC showed stronger staining for SMAD3 and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). Conclusions: Biofilms are present in airway stenotic segments, and there exists a difference in tracheal microbiomes and inflammatory markers between patients with airway stenosis and normal controls.
Litho-driven Layouts for Reducing Performance Variability (2005)

Gate length variability is the dominant cause of performance variability in nanometer IC technologies. In this work, layout design techniques for reducing gate length variability are presented. It involves making choices in the layout design that improve the dimensional control of the lithographic process. By relaxing the minimum pitch and by reducing the proximity variations for the gate lines, the litho-process is improved. Litho-simulations and statistical circuit simulations are done on various circuit layouts to estimate the resulting improvement in the gate length spreads and corresponding delay spreads. The litho-driven layouts show a factor of two improvement in the delay spread at the cost of small area and speed penalty.
Incorporation into the prereplicative complex activates the Mcm2–7 helicase for Cdc7–Dbf4 phosphorylation (2009)

The essential S-phase kinase Cdc7-Dbf4 acts at eukaryotic origins of replication to trigger a cascade of protein associations that activate the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase. Also known as Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK), this kinase preferentially targets chromatin-associated Mcm2-7 complexes that are assembled on the DNA during prereplicative complex (pre-RC) formation. Here we address the mechanisms that control the specificity of DDK action. We show that incorporation of Mcm2-7 into the pre-RC increased the level and changes the specificity of DDK phosphorylation of this complex. In the context of the pre-RC, DDK preferentially targets a conformationally distinct subpopulation of Mcm2-7 complexes that is tightly linked to the origin DNA. This targeting requires DDK to tightly associate with Mcm2-7 complexes in a Dbf4-dependent manner. Importantly, we find that DDK association with and phosphorylation of origin-linked Mcm2-7 complexes require prior phosphorylation of the pre-RC. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms that ensure that DDK action is spatially and temporally restricted to the origin-bound Mcm2-7 complexes that will drive replication fork movement during S phase and suggest new mechanisms to regulate origin activity.
Bidentate Ligands by Supramolecular Chemistry — The Future for Catalysis? (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theory for spin-lattice relaxation in nematic liquid crystals (1976)

A theory is developed for spin-lattice relaxation in the nematic phase which includes both local and collective motion. It is found that the frequency dependence of the relaxation rate ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ depends on the correlation time for the motion at the local molecular level, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$. When $\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the Larmor frequency, the theory gives the ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ law characteristic of $p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{azoxyanisole}$ (PAA). When $\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$, the theory gives the more complex frequency dependence observed in the more viscous compound $4\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{methoxybenzylidene}\ensuremath{-}{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{butylanaline}$ (MBBA). A correlation is drawn between ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$ and the retarded relaxation time observed in electric dipole studies which corresponds to reorientation of the long molecular axis. The dependence of ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ on the orientation of the director in the magnetic field is included in the calculation. A model is presented to include intermolecular effects on ${T}_{1}$.
Potentiation of capsaicin receptor activity by metabotropic ATP receptors as a possible mechanism for ATP-evoked pain and hyperalgesia (2001)

The capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor, VR1, is a sensory neuron-specific ion channel that serves as a polymodal detector of pain-producing chemical and physical stimuli. It has been proposed that ATP, released from different cell types, initiates the sensation of pain by acting predominantly on nociceptive ionotropic purinoceptors located on sensory nerve terminals. In this study, we examined the effects of extracellular ATP on VR1. In cells expressing VR1, ATP increased the currents evoked by capsaicin or protons through activation of metabotropic P2Y(1) receptors in a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. The involvement of G(q/11)-coupled metabotropic receptors in the potentiation of VR1 response was confirmed in cells expressing both VR1 and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In the presence of ATP, the temperature threshold for VR1 activation was reduced from 42 degrees C to 35 degrees C, such that normally nonpainful thermal stimuli (i.e., normal body temperature) were capable of activating VR1. This represents a novel mechanism through which the large amounts of ATP released from damaged cells in response to tissue trauma might trigger the sensation of pain.
Inkjet Printing as a Key Enabling Technology for Printed Electronics (2011)

In the past decade, the family of digital printing technologies has evolved from being just a tool to visualize information into a generator of functionalities. The phrase ′printing beyond color′ aptly sums up this transformation. While this family of printing technologies is still widely used to fulfill visual requirements, its development in the generation of functionality, especially in the field of printed electronics, has resulted in an explosion of new ideas and fabrication approaches leading to lean manufacturing. The basic premise of digital printing, namely the positioning of a liquid (ink) droplet or solid (toner) particle of microscopic volume directly correlated with the presence of information at each pixel of the image or text to be produced, enables the economic deposition of expensive materials, functional or otherwise, only on desired locations on a substrate, that is, a selective deposition.
Optical computing with disorder: random matrix multiplication at the speed of light for machine learning applications (2021)

Optics is increasingly considered for machine learning, in particular inference, thanks to its intrinsic scalability, speed, and low consumption. Free space implementation are particularly interesting, for instance to implement convolutions or Fourier Transforms. Meanwhile, light propagation of complex media has evolved as a very active field, in particular for imaging. It has been shown that the propagation of a laser through a complex disordered medium is akin to a large size random matrix multiplication, an operation ubiquitous in many instances of signal processing and machine learning . We have recently studied how to exploit such optical implementation of random matrix multiplication for several applications. I will present a few examples for classification, time-series prediction, and for acceleration an Ising Machine.
Sustained Local Delivery of Chlorhexidine in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Multi‐Center Study (1997)

The safety and efficacy of a degradable, subgingivally placed drug delivery system containing 2.5 mg chlorhexidine (CHX) were evaluated in a randomized, blinded, multi-center study of 118 patients with moderate periodontitis. A split-mouth design was used to compare the treatment outcomes of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone with the combined use of SRP and the CHX in pockets with probing depths of 5 to 8 mm. The two maxillary quadrants were used for the two treatment arms of the study. Scaling and root planing was performed at baseline only, while the CHX was inserted both at baseline and at 3 months. Clinical and safety measurements including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) as well as gingivitis, plaque, and staining indices were recorded at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. The average PD reduction in the CHX-treated sites was significantly greater than in the sites receiving SRP alone at both 3 and 6 months with a mean difference of 0.42 mm (P < or = 0.01) at 6 months. The reduction in CAL at the treated sites was greater than at the SRP sites, although the difference was statistically significant at the 6-month visit only. An analysis of patients with initial probing depths of 7 to 8 mm (n = 56) revealed a significantly greater reduction in PD and CAL in those pockets treated with CHX compared to SRP at both 3 and 6 months. The mean differences between test and control sites at 6 months were 0.71 mm and 0.56 mm PD and CAL respectively.
Indirect dark matter searches in the dwarf satellite galaxy Ursa Major II with the MAGIC telescopes (2018)

The dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Major II (UMaII) is believed to be one of the most dark-matter dominated systems among the Milky Way satellites and represents a suitable target for indirect dark matter (DM) searches. The MAGIC telescopes carried out a deep observation campaign on UMaII between 2014 and 2016, collecting almost one hundred hours of good-quality data. This campaign enlarges the pool of DM targets observed at very high energy (E 50 GeV) in search for signatures of DM annihilation in the wide mass range between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. To this end, the data are analyzed with the full likelihood analysis, a method based on the exploitation of the spectral information of the recorded events for an optimal sensitivity to the explored DM models. We obtain constraints on the annihilation cross-section for different channels that are among the most robust and stringent achieved so far at the TeV mass scale from observations of dwarf satellite galaxies.
A Clinically Compatible Handheld Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) Endoscope for Label-Free Metabolic Imaging of Oral Cancer (2019)

A compact and robust handheld FLIM endoscope has been developed for label-free metabolic imaging of oral cancer. Its performance has been optimized for noninvasive and fast in situ clinical metabolic imaging of the oral mucosa.
Control de Carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella) por medio de un nuevo método de confusión sexual y control larval (2006)

Two pathways have been identified for peroxisome formation: (i) growth and division and (ii) de novo synthesis. Recent experiments determined that peroxisomes originate at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although many proteins have been implicated in the peroxisome biogenic program, no proteins in the eukaryotic secretory pathway have been identified as having roles in peroxisome formation. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulatable Tet promoter Hughes clone collection, we found that repression of the ER-associated secretory proteins Sec20p and Sec39p resulted in mislocalization of the peroxisomal matrix protein chimera Pot1p-green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the cytosol. Likewise, the peroxisomal membrane protein chimera Pex3p-GFP localized to tubular-vesicular structures in cells suppressed for Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p, which form a complex at the ER. Loss of Sec39p attenuated formation of Pex3p-derived peroxisomal structures following galactose induction of Pex3p-GFP expression from the GAL1 promoter. Expression of Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p was moderately increased in yeast grown under conditions that proliferate peroxisomes, and Sec20p, Sec39p, and Dsl1p were found to cofractionate with peroxisomes and colocalize with Pex3p-monomeric red fluorescent protein under these conditions. Our results show that SEC20, SEC39, and DSL1 are essential secretory genes involved in the early stages of peroxisome assembly, and this work is the first to identify and characterize an ER-associated secretory machinery involved in peroxisome biogenesis.
Automotive Engine Coolants: A Review of Their Requirements and Methods of Evaluation (1980)

A brief review of early automobiles shows the development of the engine cooling system, and some of the associated problems with these early cars are discussed. A liquid is commonly used to transfer heat from an operating automobile engine to a radiator where the heat can be dissipated to the air. In order that the liquid perform effectively, it must have the appropriate chemical and physical properties. Of foremost consideration is the capability of the fluid to transfer heat over a wide range of operating conditions. In addition, the fluid must be stable, must not freeze when not in use or boil during or after engine operation, and must not cause or allow excessive corrosion of the parts it contacts. To determine how well the cooling system is capable of performing its function, it is necessary to perform a variety of tests to evaluate the operational characteristics of component parts, the properties of the coolant fluid and its long-range stability, and the capability of the fluid to minimize corrosion of all materials. Tests range from the shorttime laboratory test to the longer and more comprehensive field test. Operating conditions are often difficult to simulate in the laboratory, and the test tends to be restrictive. Field tests are usually more definitive but can be difficult to control. However, the end result of an effective development program over a number of years has been a cooling system that has provided good durable service.
Polymerization Conditions and Electrooptic Properties of Polymer-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1998)

Electrooptic and optical characteristics of polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (PSFLC) materials prepared under different conditions were characterized. Polymerization behavior and segregation properties were also investigated. The rate of polymerization during formation of PSFLCs increases significantly as the order of the LC phase increases and the temperature decreases for the monomers employed. Although the polymerization behavior is similar for these different monomers, trends in electrooptic behavior are considerably different. For C6M and p-phenylene diacrylate PSFLCs polymerized in ordered liquid crystalline phases, the temperature of polymerization and the corresponding liquid crystalline phase in which the polymerization occurs have little impact on the ultimate electrooptic and optical properties. The electrooptic properties of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) PSFLC systems, on the other hand, show a large dependence on the polymerization temperature. Both the ferroelectric polarization and the optical response time increase with polymerization temperature in the ordered phases. Additionally, the optical characteristics of HDDA PSFLCs observed in the smectic C* phase change considerably, as the polymerization temperature is varied within the ordered LC phases. For all of the materials studied, if the polymerization is carried out in the isotropic phase, the polymer has no imparted order and prevents any bulk alignment, thereby detrimentally affecting the electrooptic characteristics. Using these results, the electrooptic and optical properties can be optimized by using appropriate monomer/FLC mixtures and polymerization temperatures.
Synthesis of low density polyester particles as light-fillers for wood-based panels and thermoplastics (2015)

Nowadays, the reduction of weight is an important issue in several areas such as the furniture and automotive industries. Lightweight wood-based panels, with appropriate mechanical performance, are desired to facilitate handling and transportation. Concerning the automotive industry, lighter parts allow higher vehicle efficiency and thus lower CO2 emissions. In this context, we are studying the use of low density particles (LDPs) as light fillers in wood-based particleboards and thermoplastics. These particles combine low density and high mechanical resistance as a result of an internal multi-alveolar structure separated by rigid polymeric walls. The structural material is unsaturated polyester crosslinked with styrene. For producing LDPs, an organic phase comprising unsaturated polyester dissolved in styrene is dispersed in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at high stirring rate. A base is previously added to the organic phase, causing the neutralization of the polyester carboxyl groups and forming polyester salts which leads to the diffusion from the external aqueous medium. This entrapped water forms the internal vesicles, and the whole system becomes a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion (double emulsion). Radical polymerization is then initiated by adding an organic-soluble initiator. Particles are then washed with distilled water, sieved and dried. For each application (wood panels and thermoplastics, respectively) LDPs must have significantly different sizes, hence the great challenge of process optimization. The influence of stirring rate conditions, type of cure initiator and drying conditions on the final internal vesiculation, particle size and density were studied. Well vesiculated LDPs, with two diameter ranges, 1-4 mm and 3-45 µm, were prepared. Their performance in lignocellulosic particleboards and in polypropylene matrix was studied.
Perception of structurally distinct effectors by the integrated WRKY domain of a plant immune receptor (2021)

Abstract Plants use intracellular immune receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogen-derived effector proteins. The Arabidopsis NLR pair RRS1-R/RPS4 confers disease resistance to different bacterial pathogens by perceiving structurally distinct effectors AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae pv . pisi and PopP2 from Ralstonia solanacearum via an integrated WRKY domain in RRS1-R. How the WRKY domain of RRS1 (RRS1 WRKY ) perceives distinct classes of effector to initiate an immune response is unknown. We report here the crystal structure of the in planta processed C-terminal domain of AvrRps4 (AvrRps4 C ) in complex with RRS1 WRKY . Perception of AvrRps4 C by RRS1 WRKY is mediated by the β2-β3 segment of RRS1 WRKY that binds an electronegative patch on the surface of AvrRps4 C . Structure-based mutations that disrupt AvrRps4 C /RRS1 WRKY interactions in vitro compromise RRS1/RPS4-dependent immune responses. We also show that AvrRps4 C can associate with the WRKY domain of the related but distinct RRS1B/RPS4B NLR pair, and the DNA binding domain of At WRKY41, with similar binding affinities. This work demonstrates how integrated domains in plant NLRs can directly bind structurally distinct effectors to initiate immunity. Significance This study reveals a mechanism of effector recognition by a plant NLR immune receptor that carries an integrated domain (ID) which mimics an authentic pathogen effector target. An Arabidopsis immune receptor carrying RRS1 and RPS4 NLR proteins detects the Pseudomonas syringae pv . pisi secreted effector AvrRps4 via a WRKY ID in RRS1. We used structural biology to reveal the mechanisms of AvrRps4/WRKY interaction and demonstrated that this binding is essential for effector recognition in planta. Our analysis revealed distinctive features of the WRKY ID that mediate the recognition of structurally distinct effectors from different bacterial pathogens. These insights could enable engineering NLRs with novel recognition specificities, and enhances our understanding of how effectors interact with host proteins.
3-D Motion and Structure Estimation Using Inertial Sensors and Computer Vision for Augmented Reality (2000)

A new method for registration in augmented reality (AR) was developed that simultaneously tracks the position, orientation, and motion of the user&amp;apos;s head, as well as estimating the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the scene. The method fuses data from headmounted cameras and head-mounted inertial sensors. Two Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) are used; one of which estimates the motion of the user&amp;apos;s head and the other that estimates the 3-D locations of points in the scene. A recursive loop is used between the two EKFs. The algorithm was tested using a combination of synthetic and real data, and in general was found to perform well. A further test showed that a system using two cameras performed much better than a system using a single camera, although improving the accuracy of the inertial sensors can partially compensate for the loss of one camera. The method is suitable for use in completely unstructured and unprepared environments. Unlike previous work in this area, this method requires no a priori knowledge about the scene, and can work in environments where the objects of interest are close to the user. Index terms: Augmented reality, pose estimation, registration, Kalman filter, structure from motion, computer vision, inertial sensors Submitted to Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 3 1