gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral Evolution in the Genomic Age (2007)

The remarkable increase in the number of viral genome sequences represents both opportunities and challenges for understanding disease ecology and evolution, and must stimulate researchers to address questions that were previously considered out of reach.
Application of Computer Controlled High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to the Analysis of Air Pollutants (1973)

An AEI-MS9 high resolution mass spectrometer interfaced with a PDP-12 digital computer has been adapted for the multicomponent analysis of air pollutants. Air sampling techniques for particulate and gaseous pollutants have been developed which are compatible with the mass spectrometric system. A single stage impactor has been designed for sampling particulate matter of particle diameters greater than 1–2 μm. The remainder of the particulate matter is collected on a glass fiber filter. Gaseous pollutants are collected on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (Chromosorb 102). The particulate samples are introduced directly into the mass spectrometer utilizing a temperature programed insertion probe. Gaseous pollutants are desorbed from the copolymer directly into the mass spectrometer by heating. Analysis of composite mass spectral data is facilitated through the use of a digital computer utilizing newly developed computer programs. Final computer output yields qualitative and quantitative results for up to 300 pollutants. Organic pollutants identified in particulate matter include polycyclic aromatic compounds, alkyl chlorides, polychlorinated aromatics, substituted benzenes and organic acids. Composite quantitative results are reported for alkanes and alkenes in the following groups: C15-C30, C30-C50 and Cso-polymeric. Inorganic pollutants identified include As4O6, H2SO4/ (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO3, NaHSO4, NH4NO3/ NaNO3, NH4CI, SeO2, I2, elemental sulfur, and elemental cadmium.
Levels of Prostaglandin E Metabolite and Leukotriene E4 Are Increased in the Urine of Smokers: Evidence that Celecoxib Shunts Arachidonic Acid into the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway (2009)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) play a role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Biomarkers that reflect tobacco smoke-induced tissue injury are needed. In this study, levels of urinary prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) and leukotriene E(4) (LTE(4)), biomarkers of the COX and 5-LO pathways, were compared in never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. The effects of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on levels of PGE-M and LTE(4) were determined. Baseline levels of PGE-M and LTE(4) were positively associated with smoking status; levels of PGE-M and LTE(4) were higher in current versus never smokers. Treatment with 200 mg celecoxib twice daily for 6 +/- 1 days led to a reduction in urinary PGE-M levels in all groups but exhibited the greatest effect among subjects with high baseline PGE-M levels. Thus, high baseline PGE-M levels in smokers reflected increased COX-2 activity. In individuals with high baseline PGE-M levels, treatment with celecoxib led to a significant increase in levels of urinary LTE(4), an effect that was not found in individuals with low baseline PGE-M levels. In conclusion, increased levels of urinary PGE-M and LTE(4) were found in human smokers, a result that may reflect subclinical lung inflammation. In individuals with high baseline levels of PGE-M (elevated COX-2 activity), celecoxib administration shunted arachidonic acid into the proinflammatory 5-LO pathway. Because 5-LO activity and LTE(4) have been suggested to play a role in cardiovascular disease, these results may help to explain the link between use of COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular complications.
Three-Dimensional Comparison of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Binding and Histological Findings in Rat Brain Tumor (1990)

Experiments were undertaken to determine the in vivo utility of the mixed benzodiazepine ligand [3H]flunitrazepam and the selective peripheral benzodiazepine ligand [3H]PK 11195 [1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide] to outline the borders of rat C6 glial tumors in three dimensions. Intravenous injection of [3H]flunitrazepam resulted in a tumor/cortex ratio of radioactive densities between 2.7 and 1.5 within the first 60 minutes after injection. [3H]PK 11195 demonstrated a higher tumor/cortex ratio (5.3) than [3H]flunitrazepam. For three-dimensional studies, images were generated from thionin-stained histological sections and autoradiograms. The mixed type benzodiazepine ligand [3H]flunitrazepam was superior in showing some of the normal anatomical structures surrounding the tumor, whereas [3H]PK 11195, a specific peripheral ligand, demonstrated higher tumor/brain contrast and superior topographical correlation between histological and autoradiographic images. Implications of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands for positron emission tomography are discussed. (Neurosurgery 27:78-82, 1990)
Advanced Wireless for Unmanned Aerial Systems: 5G Standardization, Research Challenges, and AERPAW Architecture (2020)

The 5G mobile communications systems merge traditionally separate communications and networking systems and services to effectively support a myriad of heterogeneous applications. Researchers and industry working groups are investigating the integration of aerial nodes, shared spectrum techniques, and new network architectures, which are gradually being introduced into standards. This article discusses relevant standardization efforts for the integration of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) into 5G and the requirements for an aerial wireless testbed. We introduce the aerial experimentation and research platform for advanced wireless (AERPAW) and, specifically, its architecture, which is designed for enabling experimental research in controlled yet production-like environments. Sample research projects and trials show the critical R&D needs, broad scope, and impact that such a platform can have on technology evolution, regulation, and standardization as well as future services.
Bounding the Number of Common Zeros of Multivariate Polynomials and Their Consecutive Derivatives (2018)

We upper-bound the number of common zeros over a finite grid of multivariate polynomials and an arbitrary finite collection of their consecutive Hasse derivatives (in a coordinate-wise sense). To that end, we make use of the tool from Gröbner basis theory known as footprint. Then we establish and prove extensions in this context of a family of well-known results in algebra and combinatorics. These include Alon's combinatorial Nullstellensatz [1], existence and uniqueness of Hermite interpolating polynomials over a grid, estimations of the parameters of evaluation codes with consecutive derivatives [20], and bounds on the number of zeros of a polynomial by DeMillo and Lipton [8], Schwartz [25], Zippel [26, 27] and Alon and Füredi [2]. As an alternative, we also extend the Schwartz-Zippel bound to weighted multiplicities and discuss its connection to our extension of the footprint bound.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of High‐Purity Fluorine‐18 Labeled Haloperidol (V) and Spiperone (VII) via the Nitro Precursor in Combination with a New HPLC Separation Method. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust Model Predictive Control Design for Fault-Tolerant Control of Process Systems (2006)

This work considers the problem of stabilization of nonlinear systems subject to constraints, uncertainty and faults in the control actuator. We first design a robust model predictive controller that allows for an explicit characterization of the set of initial conditions starting from where feasibility of the optimization problem and closed-loop stability is guaranteed. The main idea in designing the robust model predictive controller is to employ Lyapunov-based techniques to formulate constraints that (a) explicitly account for uncertainty in the predictive control law, without making the optimization problem computationally intractable, and (b) allow for explicitly characterizing the set of initial conditions starting from where the constraints are guaranteed to be initially and successively feasible. The explicit characterization of the stability region, together with the constraint handling capabilities and optimality properties of the predictive controller, is utilized to achieve fault-tolerant control of nonlinear systems subject to uncertainty, constraints, and faults in the control actuators. The implementation of the proposed method is illustrated via a chemical reactor example.
The Generation of Sound by Aerodynamic Means (1961)

Summary A summary is given of some of the more important experimental results relating to the noise radiated from a cold subsonic turbulent jet. These are then related to the predictions of Lighthill's general theory of aerodynamic noise.
Bit synchronization of differentially detected MSK and GMSK (1985)

The filter-square bit synchronizer has been previously proposed and shown to give near optimum performance for coherent PSK systems. In this paper, the same bit synchronization scheme is analyzed for a differentially detected GMSK system. It is shown that the filter-square bit synchronizer can successfully work in a differential phase detection receiver. By making linear approximations appropriate for high loop signal-to-noise ratio operation (the usual case of interest in tracking), it is demonstrated that the mean-square bit sync jitter of differentially detected GMSK system reveals striking similarities both qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with that of a coherent PSK system.
Denitrification gene pools, transcription and kinetics of  NO, N2O and N2 production as affected by soil pH (2010)

The N(2)O : N(2) product ratio of denitrification is negatively correlated with soil pH, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We compared soils from field experiments where the pH had been maintained at different levels (pH 4.0-8.0) by liming (> or = 20 years), and quantified functional gene pools (nirS, nirK and nosZ), their transcription and gas kinetics (NO, N(2)O and N(2)) of denitrification as induced by anoxic incubation with and without a carbon substrate (glutamate). Denitrification in unamended soil appeared to be based largely on the activation of a pre-existing denitrification proteome, because constant rates of N(2) and N(2)O production were observed, and the transcription of functional genes was below the detection level. In contrast, glutamate-amended soils showed sharp peaks in the transcripts of nirS and nosZ, increasing the rates of denitrification and pH-dependent transient accumulation of N(2)O. The results indicate that the high N(2)O : N(2) product ratio at low pH is a post-transcriptional phenomenon, because the transcription rate of nosZ relative to that of nirS was higher at pH 6.1 than at pH 8.0. The most plausible explanation is that the translation/assembly of N(2)O reductase is more sensitive to low pH than that of the other reductases involved in denitrification.
Nanofiber‐reinforced polymers prepared by fused deposition modeling (2003)

Abstract Vapor‐grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), a practical model nanofiber for single‐walled carbon nanotubes, were combined with an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymer to create a composite material for use with fused deposition modeling (FDM). Continuous filament feedstock materials were extruded from Banbury mixed composites with a maximum composition of 10 wt % nanofibers. Issues of dispersion, porosity, and fiber alignment were studied. SEM images indicated that the VGCFs were well dispersed and evenly distributed in the matrix and that no porosity existed in the composite material following FDM processing. VGCFs aligned both in the filament feedstock and in the FDM traces suggested that nanofibers, in general, can be aligned through extrusion/shear processing. The feedstock materials were processed into test specimens for mechanical property comparisons with unfilled ABS. The VGCF‐filled ABS swelled less than did the plain ABS at similar processing conditions due to the increased stiffness. The tensile strength and modulus of the VGCF‐filled ABS increased an average of 39 and 60%, respectively, over the unfilled ABS. Storage modulus measurements from dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the stiffness increased 68%. The fracture behavior of the composite material indicated that the VGCFs act as restrictions to the chain mobility of the polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3081–3090, 2003
Transitions between Rydberg levels of helium induced by electron and neutral collisions (1979)

An experimental study of electron- and neutral-induced collisional transfer between Rydberg levels of helium has been made for intermediate values (8 to 17) of the principal quantum number. The techniques of time-resolved, laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to follow the collisional depopulation of the laser pumped level as well as transfers between levels of different principal quantum number in a high purity, well diagnosed helium afterglow. Transfers between singlet and triplet subsystems of atomic helium were found to be negligible. Electron-induced collisional transfer follows closely the functional variation of the Mansbach and Keck hydrogenic theory, but experimental values are on the average smaller by a factor of 0.64 than predicted. Transfers induced by collisions with 3He and 4He atoms are in marked disagreement with Flannery's classical binary-encounter theory for the smaller values of the principal quantum number, although disagreement is less pronounced for higher principal quantum numbers. This fact, and the absence of isotopic effect on rate coefficients, indicate that a simple binary-encounter theory is not suitable for intermediate Rydberg levels, and that interatomic potentials should be included in a two-centre, molecular model with an excited electron.
Walking-adaptability therapy after stroke: results of a randomized controlled trial (2021)

The Netherlands Trial Register NTR4030 . Registered 11 June 2013.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Photomechanical Crystals Consisting of Diarylethenes and Cage Siloxanes (2019)

Photomechanical materials have received increasing attention because of their wide range of potential applications. This paper reports the design of photoresponsive inorganic–organic hybrid molecules consisting of diarylethene and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) linked by amide bonds. The POSS modification of diarylethene enhanced the conversion ratio from the open- to the closed-ring isomers upon UV irradiation in a solution. When isobutyl-substituted POSSs were introduced, hydrogen-bonded molecular crystals with a long needle-like morphology were obtained. Reversible photochromic responses and photoinduced macroscopic bending of these crystals upon ultraviolet (UV) and visible light (Vis) irradiations have been achieved. The high fatigue resistance of the diarylethene moiety combined with enhanced thermal stability endowed by the siloxane moiety is promising for practical applications in actuators and other smart devices.
Online Measurements of the Fast Changing Dielectric Constant in Oil Shale Due to High-Power Microwave Heating (1979)

The change of the complex dielectric constant epsilon of off shale under intensive microwave heating is an abrupt phenomenon which is quite different from that due to conventional heating. Based on the principle of competitive chemical kinetics, a theory is proposed here for explaining this rapid change of the dielectric constant. A mathematical analysis of a coaxial waveguide loaded with oil-shale blocks which has a fast changing epsilon with respect to time is carried out in detail, from which an online measuring technique is derived for measuring this fast changing epsilon with respect to time and temperature. Preliminary experimental results show that the proposed theory is suitable for explaining this fast changing phenomenon. The online measuring technique reported here is very similar to the three-probe or five-port measuring methods reported in the literature, except that it is more general compared to some of these methods. Its designing approach is also different because it is derived from a modfied phasor analysis with the physical picture easily visualized.
Influence of static compression on mechanical parameters of acoustic foams (2011)

The modification of elastic properties of compressed acoustic foams is investigated. The porous sample is first submitted to a static compression and then to a dynamic excitation of smaller amplitude, corresponding to acoustical applications. The static compression induces the modification of the dynamic elastic parameters of the material. This work focuses on Young's modulus. The variation is measured with two different experimental methods: The classical rigidimeter and an absorption measurement. The effective Young's modulus is directly measured with the first method and is indirectly determined through the quarter-wave length resonance of the frame with the second one. The results of the two measurements are compared and give similar tendencies. The variation of the dynamic Young's modulus as a function of the degree of compression of the sample is shown to be separated in several zones. In the zones associated with weak compression (those usually zones encountered in practice), the variation of the effective Young's modulus can be approximated by a simple affine function. The results are compared for different foams. A simple model of the dependency of the Young's modulus with respect to the static degree of compression is finally proposed for weak compressions.
Abstract 940: Identification of Palbociclib response signature across indications (2015)

Abstract Cellular proliferation is dependent on an orderly movement through the various phases of cell cycle. Progression through the G1 phase in particular requires phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein which in turn releases E2F transcription factors resulting in transcriptional activation of response gene necessary for progression into S-phase. The cyclin D-CDK4/6 signaling pathway represent a critical regulatory pathway controlling transition from G1 into S-phase and greater than 90% of human tumors have mutations in this pathway. Palbociclib is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Cdk4/6. In human tumor xenograft models, Palbociclib has significant antitumor activities. The clinical activities of Palbociclib have also be demonstrated in the phase II PALOMA-1 trial for dramatic efficacy of postmenopausal patients with locally advanced or newly diagnosed estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in combination with letrozole. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of Palbociclib response, we have identified a common set of gene signatures for ER+ BC as well as melanoma models. The physiological role of these genes regulated by Palbociclib is associated with DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, signal transduction, and Mitosis. Many of these genes have been previously identified as E2F signatures. In this study, we are aiming to expand this analysis to include two additional indications including Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as squamous cell lung carcinoma (Sq lung) using Illumina RNASeq technology platform. Results from these studies will be presented and core Palbo-response signature will be discussed. In addition, we will also present the pharmacological effects of Letrozole on the gene expression changes for these core signatures in ER+ BC models. Citation Format: Xianxian Zheng, Mark Ozeck, Zhou Zhu, Keith Ching, David Shields, James Hardwick, Paul Rejto, Todd VanArsdale. Identification of Palbociclib response signature across indications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 940. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-940
Optimizing bacteriotherapy to prevent or treat food allergy (2020)

Abstract Depletion of protective gut microbes strongly correlates with the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, including food allergies. In previous work we transferred feces from healthy or cow’s milk allergic (CMA) infants to germ free mice and showed that healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that are causally protective against food allergy in this model. Monocolonization with a single bacterial species, Anaerostipes caccae, was sufficient to mimic the protective effect of the healthy microbiota. These studies have provided the conceptual basis for the use of bacteriotherapy to prevent food allergy. We are taking a synbiotic approach in which we co-deliver a new sub-strain (A. caccae_lahuc), isolated from the feces of infants in our study, with prebiotic substrates that enhance the ability of A. caccae_lahuc to grow in mice with a replete microbiota and produce butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid with immunoregulatory properties. In vitro studies of A. caccae_lahuc cultured with fecal bacteria from a CMA infant identified potato starch or the combination of lactate and acetate, the intermediate products of fiber breakdown, as prebiotics which maximize butyrate output. We are optimizing delivery of these prebiotics with A. caccae_lahuc to determine whether they stimulate butyrate production in vivo. We found that A. caccae_lahuc bacteriotherapy without prebiotics leads to its stable colonization in mice already colonized with the CMA microbiota without measurable increases in fecal or cecal butyrate. By decoupling growth from butyrate release, we are obtaining mechanistic insights into the components necessary to optimize a synbiotic formulation efficacious for the prevention or treatment of food allergy.
Plant Regeneration and Transformation in the Rosaceae (2009)

The plant family Rosaceae consists of over 100 genera and 3,000 species that include many important fruit, nut, ornamental, and lumber crops. Members of this family provide high-value nutritional foods and contribute desirable aesthetic and industrial products. A complete annotated genome sequence is expected momentarily for apple, and in the near future for peach and strawberry. These sequences will accelerate the next wave of research exploring and comparing the form and function of the many genomes that define the striking differences in morphology and physiology among the Rosaceae, e.g., a herbaceous plant vs. a tree, or a fleshy rather than a dehiscent fruit. Among the many dividends of this research will be the development of superior products for consumers, a better understanding of the genetic elements that contribute to horticultural traits of interest, and an enhanced vision of Rosaceae evolution. It will also answer some of the fundamental questions of plant biology, particularly around the regulation of plant architecture, which may be best answered by species within this family. This review serves as a synopsis of the genetic engineering resources available to study the function and production of new Rosaceae varieties of benefit to the consumer.