gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An inverse method for determining elastic material properties and a material interface (1992)

Abstract A numerical procedure which integrates optimization, finite element analysis and automatic finite element mesh generation is developed for solving a two‐dimensional inverse/parameter estimation problem in solid mechanics. The problem consists of determining the location and size of a circular inclusion in a finite matrix and the elastic material properties of the inclusion and the matrix. Traction and displacement boundary conditions sufficient for solving a direct problem are applied to the boundary of the domain. In addition, displacements are measured at discrete points on the part of the boundary where the tractions are prescribed. The inverse problem is solved using a modified Levenberg‐Marquardt method to match the measured displacements to a finite element model solution which depends on the unknown parameters. Numerical experiments are presented to show how different factors in the problem and the solution procedure influence the accuracy of the estimated parameters.
Growth of C‐S‐H phases on different metallic surfaces (2022)

The influence of reinforcement, especially fibre reinforcement in ultra-high performance concrete is strongly dependent on the bonding (adhesive, shear and friction bond) between metallic surface and cementitious matrix. As usually straight fibres are used for fibre reinforcement and, thus, no significant mechanical bonding is existent, the adhesive bond is particularly important. Previous studies stated that the adhesive bonding behaviour between metallic materials and cementitious matrix strongly depends on the chemical composition of metallic alloys. Therefore, in order to address this topic, the present study investigates the growth of C-S-H phases on stainless steel and on cold drawn steel. This growth process was realised by a surface treatment of the metallic alloys using a synthetically manufactured Tricalciumsilicate (C<sub>3</sub> S) powder diluted in water. After defined times of the C<sub>3</sub> S treatment the process is stopped to get a time dependent growing behaviour of the cementitious phases. Light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy was used in order to investigate the surfaces following the application of the C<sub>3</sub> S. The results reveal that the growth of C-S-H phases is more dependent on the metallic surface and its topography than on the alloy composition.
Open government ideologies in post-soviet countries (2016)

Most research in research areas like e-government, e-participation and open government assumes a democratic norm. The open government (OG) concept is commonly based on a general liberal and deliberative ideology emphasising transparency, access, participation and collaboration, but also innovation and accountability are promoted. In this paper, we outline a terminology and suggest a method for how to investigate the concept more systematically in different policy documents, with a special emphasis on post-soviet countries. The result shows that the main focus in this regions OG policy documents is on freedom of information and accountability, and to a lesser extent on collaboration, while other aspects, such as diversity and innovation, are more rarely mentioned, if at all.
Occurrence of Species of Aspergillus and Penicillium in Roots of Wheat and Ryegrass and Their Effects on Root Rot Caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici (1988)

Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, E, quadrilineata, Penicillium aculeatum, P. brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, P. citreonigrum, P. corylophilum, P. fuscum, P. griseofulvum, P. janthinellum, P. nigricans, P. purpurogenum, P. restrictum, P. turbatum, P. verruculosum, Eupenicillium sp. and E. euglaucum were isolated from roots of wheat and ryegrass at seedling, tillering, stem extension, milky ripe and ripe for cutting stages. Frequency of occurrence of species of Aspergillus and Penicillium were higher in roots subjected to washing only and plated onto PDA or PDA amended with lactic acid. In general, species of these two genera were common at the stem extension stage. P. nigricans, P. janthinellum, P. griseofulvum, P. fuscum, Eupenicillium sp. and P. turbatum were isolated at a higher frequency than other species. When introduced at 1% inoculum level A. terreus, P. fuscum, P. griseofulvum and P. nigricans caused severe damage to wheat and ryegrass seedlings especially in sterilised Lancelin soil where they reduced the fresh shoot and root weights of the hosts. When these isolates were screened for antagonism towards Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) or agar the strongest antagonism was shown by P. griseofulvum, A. terreus, P. nigricans, P. fuscum and P. janthinellum, whereas other species of the two genera had little or no effect on Ggt. The presence of A. terreus, P. griseofulvum or P. fuscum. with Ggt decreased root rot of wheat and ryegrass caused by Ggt in sterilised and non-sterilised soil, while P. nigricans showed a similar effect in non-sterilised soil only. However, none of the isolates tested would be suitable as biological control agents.
Model-Driven Development for Pervasive Information Systems (2008)

This chapter focuses on design methodologies for pervasive information systems (PIS). It aims to contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of software development of ubiquitous services/applications supported on pervasive information systems. Pervasive information systems are comprised of conveniently orchestrated embedded or mobile computing devices that offer innovative ways to support existing and new business models. Those systems are characterized as having a potentially large number of interactive heterogeneous embedded/mobile computing devices that collect, process, and communicate information. Also, they are the target of technological innovations. Therefore, changes in requirements or in technology require frequent modifications of software at device and system levels. Software design and evolution for those require suitable approaches that consider such demands and characteristics of pervasive information systems. Model-driven development approaches (which essentially centre the focus of development on models, and involve concepts such as Platform-Independent Models, Platform-Specific Models, model transformations, and use of established standards) currently in research at academic and industrial arenas in the design of large systems, offer potential benefits that can be applied to the design and evolution of these pervasive information systems. In this chapter, we raise issues and propose strategies related to the software development of PIS using a model-driven development perspective.
A new tool for predicting the probability of chronic kidney disease from a specific value of estimated GFR (2010)

Instead of reporting diagnostic accuracy as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, actual eGFR supplemented with the probability that it represents a true GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) may be more valuable for physicians. Clinical (pre-test) probability in the population must be considered when predicting this probability.
Evaluating answers to definition questions (2003)

This paper describes an initial evaluation of systems that answer questions seeking definitions. The results suggest that humans agree sufficiently as to what the basic concepts that should be included in the definition of a particular subject are to permit the computation of concept recall. Computing concept precision is more problematic, however. Using the length in characters of a definition is a crude approximation to concept precision that is nonetheless sufficient to correlate with humans' subjective assessment of definition quality.
BCN Nanotubes as Highly Sensitive Torsional Electromechanical Transducers (2014)

Owing to their mechanically tunable electronic properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied as potential components for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS); however, the mechanical properties of multiwall CNTs are often limited by the weak shear interactions between the graphitic layers. Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) exhibit a strong interlayer mechanical coupling, but their high electrical resistance limits their use as electromechanical transducers. Can the outstanding mechanical properties of BNNTs be combined with the electromechanical properties of CNTs in one hybrid structure? Here, we report the first experimental study of boron carbonitride nanotube (BCNNT) mechanics and electromechanics. We found that the hybrid BCNNTs are up to five times torsionally stiffer and stronger than CNTs, thereby retaining to a large extent the ultrahigh torsional stiffness of BNNTs. At the same time, we show that the electrical response of BCNNTs to torsion is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of CNTs. These results demonstrate that BCNNTs could be especially attractive building blocks for NEMS.
The evolution of chemical patterns in reactive liquids, driven by hydrodynamic instabilities (1995)

We summarize our activity in unveiling a very wide phenomenon: When a chemical reaction takes place at a liquid interface, spectacular patterns of product form (see Plate 1). The pattern formation phenomenon is general, and is observed in reactions between liquids separated by a membrane, in liquids subjected to gaseous reactants, and in photoreactive liquids. We have demonstrated the phenomenon on over 100 different reactions of all types, thus discovering what we believe to be one of the widest macroscopic pattern formation processes known to chemistry. As can be seen in the accompanying pictures, the richness, beauty, and variations in types of patterns can be breathtaking. Two important aspects of these patterns are noted: First, the patterns are true far-from-equilibrium structures, which are maintained only as long as reactants are available, or only as long as light energy is supplied to the system; and second, the chemical products that form the patterns are not precipitates, but are entirely soluble in the liquid in which they form. Thus, if the containers in which the patterns form are shaken or stirred, a homogeneous solution results. Our research of this phenomenon concentrated on three main aspects. The first one was phenomenological. Here we explored the scope and generality of the phenomenon, motivated both by the aesthetic appeal of the phenomenon, and by the puzzle of how is it that such a wide-scope, experimentally simple phenomenon, has by and large, escaped the attention of the scientific community.The second aspect was devoted to the understanding of the underlying general mechanism. Of the many mechanisms we analyzed and tested, some very complex, others quite trivial, the one that fits the majority of the physical and chemical observations is the following: By performing a reaction through a liquid interface, a concentration gradient of the product forms near the interface. We have shown that in many cases, these gradients lead to hydrodynamic instabilities, which then break nonlinearly into a pattern which onsets slow convections. In other words, we found that these patterns mark the route along which a chemical instability relaxes. The third aspect of our research was theoretical. Here we concentrated in depth on one of the reactions (the Fe(+2)/Fe(+3) photoredox reaction), determined all its important physical parameters, and modeled its behavior theoretically. Our model, which was based on the instability buildup described above, was solved numerically, and its results compared with computerized image analysis of the evolving patterns; very good agreement between theory and experiment, was obtained. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.
Controlled synthesis and luminescence properties of core-shell-shell structured SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu@SiO2 and SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu-phen@SiO2 nanocomposites (2020)

Two novel core-shell structured SiO<sub>2</sub>@AIPA-S-Si-Eu and SiO<sub>2</sub>@AIPA-S-Si-Eu-phen nanocomposites have been synthesized by a bifunctional organic ligands ((HOOC)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NHCONH(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Si(OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) (defined as AIPA-S-Si) connected with Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions and silica via covalent bond. And the corresponding core-shell-shell structured SiO<sub>2</sub>@AIPA-S-Si-Eu@SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>@AIPA-S-Si-Eu-phen@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites with enhanced luminescence have been synthesized by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis co-deposition method. The composition and micromorphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-synthesized core-shell and core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites have excellent luminescence intensity and long lifetime. The nanocomposites show bright red light under ultraviolet lamp. However, the core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites have stronger luminescence intensity than the corresponding core-shell structured nanocomposites. Meanwhile, the core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites still exhibit good luminescence stability in aqueous solution. In addition, a large number of Si-OH on the surface of the core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites can be attached to many biomacromolecules. Therefore, they have potential applications in the fields of biology and luminescence.
Gender Modifies the Effect of Body Mass Index on Lung Function Decline in Mild-to-Moderate COPD Patients: A Pooled Analysis (2020)

Abstract Background: Body weight is a poor prognostic risk factor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not known whether gender modifies this relationship. Methods: We pooled data of 8,686 COPD patients from 7 studies. Using a longitudinal natural cubic spline regression model, we examined the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) in patients with GOLD 1 and 2 disease, stratified by gender and adjusted for smoking status and cohort effects. Results: There was an inverse, nearly relationship between BMI and the rate of FEV 1 decline in GOLD Grades 1 and 2, which was modified by gender (p&lt;0 . 001). In male patients, an increase of BMI by 1 kg/m 2 reduced FEV 1 decline by 1.05mL/year (95% CI: 0.96, 1.14). However, in female patients, BMI status barely clinically affected FEV 1 decline: an increase of baseline BMI by 1 kg/m 2 reduced FEV 1 decline by 0.16 ml/year (95% CI: 0.11, 0.21). These gender-modified relationships were generally similar between GOLD 1 and 2 patients, and between current smokers and former smokers. Conclusion: In mild to moderate COPD, higher BMI was associated with a less rapid decline of FEV 1 in male patients whereas it hardly affected females patients. This gender-specific BMI effect was independent of COPD severity and smoking status.
The α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the inner ear: transcriptional regulation by ATOH1 and co‐expression with the γ subunit in hair cells (2007)

Acetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter of the inner ear efferent system. In this study, we identify two novel nAChR subunits in the inner ear: α1 and γ, encoded by Chrna1 and Chrng, respectively. In situ hybridization shows that the messages of these two subunits are present in vestibular and cochlear hair cells during early development. Chrna1 and Chrng expression begin at embryonic stage E13.5 in the vestibular system and E17.5 in the organ of Corti. Chrna1 message continues through P7, whereas Chrng is undetectable at post-natal stage P6. The α1 and γ subunits are known as muscle-type nAChR subunits and are surprisingly expressed in hair cells which are sensory-neural cells. We also show that ATOH1/MATH1, a transcription factor essential for hair cell development, directly activates CHRNA1 transcription. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays and supershift assays showed that ATOH1/E47 heterodimers selectively bind on two E boxes located in the proximal promoter of CHRNA1. Thus, Chrna1 could be the first transcriptional target of ATOH1 in the inner ear. Co-expression in Xenopus oocytes of the α1 subunit does not change the electrophysiological properties of the α9α10 receptor. We suggest that hair cells transiently express α1γ-containing nAChRs in addition to α9α10, and that these may have a role during development of the inner ear innervation.
Technical optimization of spiral CT for depiction of renal artery stenosis: in vitro analysis. (1995)

Critical renal artery stenosis is best depicted with 2-mm collimation, 2-4-mm table increment, and 1-mm reconstruction interval.
Erratum: Metastable wetting layers (1994)

PACS number(s): 87
Design e inovação da prótese da articulação da anca: II parte (2009)

Resumo indisponível.
Multiresidue determination in soil of pesticides used in tomato crops by sonication-assisted extraction in small columns and gas chromatography (2003)

Various herbicides and insecticides belonging to different chemical groups and used in tomato crops were determined in soil. The proposed analytical method was based on the sonication-assisted extraction in small columns (SAESC) of pesticides using ethyl acetate. All pesticides were determined by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) and their identity was confirmed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recoveries obtained for all compounds in the two soils studied varied from 81 to 106% with a relative standard deviation between 2 and 9%. The limit of detection in the conditions assayed was at least 0.01 µg/g for all compounds. The developed procedure was applied to the analysis of real samples, obtained after tomato harvest, from 18 commercial fields in Spain, and residue levels of pendimethalin (0.018–0.650 µg/g) endosulfan-I (0.011–0.032 µg/g), endosulfan-II (0.014–0.178 µg/g) and endosulfan-sulfate (0.010–0.135 µg/g) were found.
ChemInform Abstract: A Prenyloxycoumarin from Psiadia dentata. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Systematic Study of the Genus Vogesella gen. nov. and Its Type Species, Vogesella indigofera comb. nov. (1997)

A blue-pigmented colony that had a metallic copper-colored sheen was isolated in 1973 from a standard spread plate count preparation of oxidation pond sediment. Over the next 11 years, an additional 12 strains of blue-pigmented bacteria were isolated from freshwater samples and compared to several reference strains of bacteria. Morphological and biochemical tests revealed that these 13 isolates were very similar to [Pseudomonas] indigofera ATCC 19706T (T = type strain) and ATCC 14036. A numerical analysis (in which simple matching similarity coefficients were clustered by the unweighted pair group mathematical averaging method) of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed 90.0% relatedness between the 13 isolates and [P.] indigofera ATCC 19706T and ATCC 14036 and 73.6% relatedness between the 13 isolates and a cluster containing Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416T, Janthinobacterium lividum ATCC 12473T, and the Pseudomonas species tested. A phylogenetic analysis, in which both 5S rRNA and 16S rRNA were used, also revealed that the 13 isolates were closely related to each other and to strains ATCC 19706T and ATCC 14036. In addition, both 5S rRNA and 16S rRNA analyses demonstrated that the isolates and strains ATCC 19706T and ATCC 14036 were members of the beta subdivision of the Proteobacteria and were closely related to Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12742T but sufficiently distinct to warrant placement in a new genus. Accordingly, we propose that the 13 isolates and strains ATCC 19706T and ATCC 14306 be placed in the genus Vogesella gen. nov., which is named in honor of Otto Voges, who first isolated and described this blue-pigmented eubacterium in 1893. We also propose that [P.] indigofera be renamed Vogesella indigofera comb. nov. and designated the type species of the genus; strain ATCC 19706 is the type strain of this species.
A comparative study of DCT- and wavelet-based image coding (1999)

We undertake a study of the performance difference of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the wavelet transform for both image and video coding, while comparing other aspects of the coding system on an equal footing based on the state-of-the-art coding techniques. The studies reveal that, for still images, the wavelet transform outperforms the DCT typically by the order of about 1 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio. For video coding, the advantage of wavelet schemes is less obvious. We believe that the image and video compression algorithm should be addressed from the overall system viewpoint: quantization, entropy coding, and the complex interplay among elements of the coding system are more important than spending all the efforts on optimizing the transform.
Percentile blobs for image similarity (2002)

We present a new algorithm called PBSIM for computing image similarity, based upon a novel method of extracting bloblike features from images. In tests on a classification task using a data set of over 1000 images, PBSIM shows significantly higher accuracy than algorithms based upon color histograms, as well as previously reported results for another approach based upon bloblike features.
Changes in Eye Tracking Features Across Periods of Overpressure Exposure (2023)

This study successfully demonstrated that eye tracking can be performed during training activities, such as explosive breaching, and that the modality may provide insight into neurophysiological change across periods of overpressure exposure. The results presented herein show that electrooculography-based eye tracking may be a useful method of assessing individualized physiological effects of overpressure exposure in the field. Future work is focused on time-dependent modeling to assess continuous changes in eye movements as this will enable building dose-response curves.
<title>Intelligent model-based diagnostics for vehicle health management</title> (2003)

The recent advances in sensor technology, remote communication and computational capabilities, and standardized hardware/software interfaces are creating a dramatic shift in the way the health of vehicles is monitored and managed. These advances facilitate remote monitoring, diagnosis and condition-based maintenance of automotive systems. With the increased sophistication of electronic control systems in vehicles, there is a concomitant increased difficulty in the identification of the malfunction phenomena. Consequently, the current rule-based diagnostic systems are difficult to develop, validate and maintain. New intelligent model-based diagnostic methodologies that exploit the advances in sensor, telecommunications, computing and software technologies are needed. In this paper, we will investigate hybrid model-based techniques that seamlessly employ quantitative (analytical) models and graph-based dependency models for intelligent diagnosis. Automotive engineers have found quantitative simulation (e.g. MATLAB/SIMULINK) to be a vital tool in the development of advanced control systems. The hybrid method exploits this capability to improve the diagnostic system's accuracy and consistency, utilizes existing validated knowledge on rule-based methods, enables remote diagnosis, and responds to the challenges of increased system complexity. The solution is generic and has the potential for application in a wide range of systems.