gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stratification in Bidisperse Polymer Brushes from Neutron Reflectivity (1998)

Two-component (bidisperse) polystyrene brushes, consisting of long and short chain populations end-tethered at a solid/liquid interface, were studied in toluene and cyclohexane solvents using neutron reflection methods. A stratification of the long and short chain components was observed under all solvent conditions, with a maximum in the long chain volume fraction profile occurring at the outer edge of the brush. The short chains resided in the inner brush region nearer to the substrate. Comparison of experimentally derived volume fraction profiles to analytical self-consistent mean-field theory predictions revealed qualitative agreement; however, the experimentally observed stratification is less pronounced. Furthermore, under the poorer, near-ϑ conditions in cyclohexane, the total volume fraction profile was rather featureless and did not exhibit the characteristic bidisperse shape present in toluene.
Seismic migration algorithms on parallel computers (1988)

Seismic signal processing is computationally intensive and sequential algorithms in use do not exploit the concurrency inherent in data migration techniques. In this paper we study seismic migration algorithms with a view to present a general framework for analyzing such algorithms and propose some coarse-grained paradigms for computation on parallel computers. We analyze a few typical examples of the different migration techniques existing in literature, and discuss techniques to optimize their performance on distributed concurrently executing processors. The computational and communication requirements of the algorithms are discussed and diverse optimization techniques are proposed. The memory limitation, I/O bottleneck and computational tradeoffs on hypercube multiprocessors are analyzed [1,8,9].
Intercommunication of processors and memory (1967)

Many computer systems include one or more high transfer rate secondary storage devices in addition to numerous input-output (I/O) devices. When the processors which manage these devices (frequently referred to as I/O controllers or channels), together with the central processing unit (CPU), communicate almost exclusively with a single primary memory, as in the configuration illustrated in Figure 1, the problem of providing these processors with adequate data transfer capability becomes formidable. Ideally, each processor should be able to transfer a datum to or from primary memory at its convenience without regard to the ability of the memory to accept or supply the datum at that particular moment, or the ability of the processor-to-memory transfer path (memory bus) to effect the transfer. Unfortunately, economic and technical considerations dictate that memory systems of the capability implied must be relegated to the role of standards with which more practical systems may be compared. With practical memory systems, the rate at which data can be transferred between processors and primary memory is limited by the transfer capabilities, or bandwidths, of the memory itself and of the memory busses over which the transfers are made. Furthermore, since the memory system is shared by several processors, care must be taken to keep performance from being degraded excessively by interference caused by simultaneous attempts on the part of several processors to utilize a facility, such as a memory bus, which is capable of handling only a single data transfer at any given moment.
An ICP variant using a point-to-line metric (2008)

This paper describes PLICP, an ICP (iterative closest/corresponding point) variant that uses a point-to-line metric, and an exact closed-form for minimizing such metric. The resulting algorithm has some interesting properties: it converges quadratically, and in a finite number of steps. The method is validated against vanilla ICP, IDC (iterative dual correspondences), and MBICP (Metric-Based ICP) by reproducing the experiments performed in Minguez et al. (2006). The experiments suggest that PLICP is more precise, and requires less iterations. However, it is less robust to very large initial displacement errors. The last part of the paper is devoted to purely algorithmic optimization of the correspondence search; this allows for a significant speed-up of the computation. The source code is available for download.
Analysis of Desiccant Dehumidification Hybrid Air Conditioning Systems : For Hot-Humid Climate Regions (2002)

The study develops exergy analysis of the desiccant dehumidification augmented air conditioning systems. The air cooling system is absorption or vapor compression cooling system. The performance of systems is evaluated for varied ambient condition. The calculation results are described on psychrometric chart. The results show system performance, which depends on out-door condition, mainly in hot-humid climates and on system operation modes. The performance of the systems for the East Asian regions and Tokyo in Japan is also evaluated. The desiccant dehumidification-absorption hybrid air conditioning system has a high potential of energy saving. The desiccant hybrid system has exergy loss reduction or exergy efficiency improvement and coefficient of performance for hot and humid climate regions.
Bacterial peptidoglycan induces in vitro rheumatoid factor production by lymphocytes of healthy subjects. (1986)

The present studies were carried out to further characterize the polyclonal B cell activating properties of bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) and to determine if this ubiquitous agent induces in vitro IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) production by lymphocytes from healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of peptidoglycan, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a standard polyclonal B cell activator, or additional culture medium. Supernatants were harvested on days 7-8 for determination of total IgM, total IgG, and IgM RF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PG and PWM induced comparable amounts of total IgM production but PG was a less potent stimulant of total IgG production. PG induced in vitro IgM-RF production in 9/33 experiments, a frequency of response of less than that observed in corresponding PWM stimulated cultures (22/33 experiments). PG-induced IgM-RF production depended upon active protein synthesis and did not correlate with the magnitude of PG-induced total IgM production. The latter finding suggests that PG-induced IgM-RF may not merely reflect polyclonal B cell activation. These results add to a growing list of PG's functional properties and provide further impetus for considering this ubiquitous agent as a potential stimulant for in vivo RF production.
Thermodynamische Grundlagen (1994)

Die meisten Beziehungen der Thermodynamik sind bereits mehr als 100 Jahre alt. Die klassische Thermodynamik, die unter anderem von Rudolf Clausius, William Thomson, dem späteren Lord Kelvin, James Prescott Joule und Hermann von Helmholtz entwickelt wurde, diente ursprünglich fast ausschließlich der Beschreibung von Wärmekraftprozessen. Man beschränkte sich auf Systeme, die nur aus einem einzigen Stoff bestanden. Josiah Willard Gibbs systematisierte die thermodynamischen Beziehungen zur Beschreibung von Mehrkomponentensystemen und weitete damit die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Thermodynamik in großem Maße aus.
Online expansion of rare queries for sponsored search (2009)

Sponsored search systems are tasked with matching queries
Increased expression of the lipocalin 24p3 as an apoptotic mechanism for MK886 (2003)

MK886, a strong proapoptotic agent, is an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) through binding to the 5-LOX-activating protein (FLAP). Although MK886-induced apoptosis is through a FLAP-independent pathway, the precise mechanisms are not understood. In the present study, a possible role of 24p3, a lipocalin, in MK886-induced apoptosis was investigated. Exposure of murine prolymphoid progenitor cells (FL5.12) to 20 microM MK886 for 16 h dramatically increased 24p3 mRNA and protein expression. Induction could also be achieved with another FLAP inhibitor, MK591. The induction of 24p3 by MK886 was dose- and time-dependent. The up-regulated 24p3 mRNA expression by MK886 was enhanced a further 3.1-fold by WY14643, an activator of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha, whereas ciglitazone, an activator of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma attenuated the MK886-induced 24p3 expression by more than 50%. Neither WY14643 nor ciglitazone alone had any effect on the expression of 24p3. The induction of 24p3 by MK886 was dependent on the synthesis of new protein(s), since cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, prevented this effect. In all cases, including the inhibition of MK886-induced 24p3 protein expression by stable transfection with antisense cDNA of 24p3, the extent of apoptosis closely paralleled 24p3 levels. Apoptosis induced by MK886, or enhanced by WY14643, was accompanied by the cleavage and activation of caspase-3. The overexpression of bcl-2 or bcl-x(L) in FL5.12 cells inhibited apoptosis induced by MK886 as well as the enhancement of apoptosis by WY14643. Thus 24p3 is an MK886-inducible gene and may play an important role in MK886-induced apoptosis.
Relaxin Modifies Systemic Arterial Resistance and Compliance in Conscious, Nonpregnant Rats (2004)

Relaxin emanates from the corpus luteum of the ovary and circulates during pregnancy. Because the hormone is a potent renal vasodilator and mediates the renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration of pregnancy in conscious rats, we reasoned that it might also contribute to the broader cardiovascular changes of pregnancy. We began investigating this concept by testing whether relaxin can modify systemic arterial hemodynamics and load when chronically administered to nonpregnant rats. The major objectives of the present work were to determine whether relaxin administration to nonpregnant rats 1) modifies cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance, and global arterial compliance (AC), and 2) regulates the passive mechanics of isolated arteries. To accomplish the first objective, we developed a conscious rat model for assessment of global AC. Passive mechanics of small renal arteries were assessed using a pressure arteriograph. Chronic administration of recombinant human relaxin by sc osmotic minipump to conscious, female, nonpregnant rats reduced the steady arterial load by decreasing systemic vascular resistance, increased CO, and reduced the pulsatile arterial load by increasing global AC as quantified by two indices-AC estimated from the diastolic decay of aortic pressure and CO and AC estimated by the ratio of stroke volume-to-pulse pressure. In another group of rats, relaxin administration also regulated the passive mechanics of small renal arteries, indicating that, in addition to reduction in vascular smooth muscle tone, modification of the vascular structure (e.g. extracellular matrix) contributes to the increase in global AC. These findings suggest a role for relaxin in the systemic hemodynamic changes of pregnancy, as well as novel therapeutic potential for relaxin in modifying arterial stiffness and cardiac afterload.
A resource-based view of retail competitive advantage (2004)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper investigates the relationships between brand, market and learning orientation with competitive advantage in the context of the UK retail industry. The results indicate that both brand and learning orientations have a significant positive relationship with competitive advantage. However, market orientation was not found to have a significant influence on retail competitive advantage. These findings suggest that market orientation may result in competitive parity only, while superiority in the retail sector is dependent on the speed of earning and the application of knowledge in the form of a strong brand orientation.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Melanocyte stimulating hormone activation of tyrosinase in B16 mouse melanoma cells Evidence for a differential induction of two distinct isoenzymes (1992)

Tyrosinase induction in murine malignant melanocytes by alpha MSH is well known, but its molecular basis has not been characterized. Treatment of B16 melanoma cells with theophylline or alpha MSH mediates a larger induction of tyrosine hydroxylase than of dopa oxidase activity in total cell extracts, and in the melanosomal and microsomal fractions. No evidence for the modulation of a tyrosinase effector was found. SDS-PAGE and specific activity stain demonstrated two forms of tyrosinase, with different degrees of induction by theophylline. These results agree with the recent proposal that two tyrosinases, encoded by different genes, are present in murine melanocytes.
Transplantation of Hepatocytes for Prevention of Intracranial Hypertension in Pigs with Ischemic Liver Failure (1998)

Intracranial hypertension leading to brain stem herniation is a major cause of death in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Mannitol, barbiturates, and hyperventilation have been used to treat brain swelling, but most patients are either refractory to medical management or cannot be treated because of concurrent medical problems or side effects. In this study, we examined whether allogeneic hepatocellular transplantation may prevent development of intracranial hypertension in pigs with experimentally induced liver failure. Of the two preparations tested—total hepatectomy (n = 47), and liver devascularization (n = 16)—only pigs with liver ischemia developed brain edema provided, however, that animals were maintained normothermic throughout the postoperative period. This model was then used in transplantation studies, in which six pigs received intrasplenic injection of allogeneic hepatocytes (2.5 × 10 9 cells/pig) and 3 days later acute liver failure was induced. In both models (anhepatic state, liver devascularization), pigs allowed to become hypothermic had significantly longer survival compared to those maintained normothermic. Normothermic pigs with liver ischemia had, at all time points studied, ICP greater than 20 mmHg. Pigs that received hepatocellular transplants had ICP below 15 mmHg until death; at the same time, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in transplanted pigs was consistently higher than in controls (45 ± 11 mmHg vs. 16 ± 18 mmHg; p &lt; 0.05). Spleens of transplanted pigs contained clusters of viable hepatocytes (hematoxylin-eosin, CAM 5.2). It was concluded that removal of the liver does not result in intracranial hypertension; hypothermia prolongs survival time in both anhepatic pigs and pigs with liver devascularization, and intrasplenic transplantation of allogeneic hepatocytes prevents development of intracranial hypertension in pigs with acute ischemic liver failure.
New Detection Device for Thomson Parabola Spectrometer for Diagnosis of the Laser-Plasma Ion Beam (2006)

A new detection device for evaluating the ion energy distributions of a laser-plasma ion source is demonstrated. The Imaging Plate (IP) with no protective layer as ion detector device for the Thomson Parabola spectrometer is used. The Imaging Plate Thomson Parabola spectrometer (IPTPS) is applicable for the analysis of the energy distribution of the laser-driven ion beam using an opto-electric digitizing technique.
Abietane diterpenes with antibiotic activity from the flowers of Salviacanariensis. Reaction of galdosol with diazomethane (1989)

The new diterpenes canariquinone (9), rosmaquinone (10), and 11-acetoxycarnosic acid (6), together with the already known 7-ethoxyrosmanol (1), 7-methoxyrosmanol (2), and rosmanol (3), were isolated from the flowers of Salviacanariensis. The structure of the new substances was established by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic means. Reaction of galdosol (4), isolated from the aerial part of the same plant, with diazomethane, unexpectedly gave the new homoditerpenes 15 and 16, the structures of which were determined by spectroscopic methods. A mechanism accounting for the formation of these substances is suggested. Keywords: abietane diterpenes, Salvia, Labiatae, antibiotic activity, galdosol reactivity.
Case Studies (2019)

No AccessTroubleshooting the Extrusion ProcessOct 2019Case StudiesMaria del Pilar Noriega E., Chris RauwendaalMaria del Pilar Noriega E.Search for more papers by this author, Chris RauwendaalSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569907764.004SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2019Pages: 165-283Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-775-7eISBN: 978-1-56990-776-4 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
A History of Travel in 50 Vehicles (2018)

Explore the history of ingenuity at its most dynamic through A History of Travel in 50 Vehicles. Spanning hundreds of millennia, Grey tackles the ins and outs of transportation from cultural, economic, social, and environmental perspectives. The book discusses the ethics of human, animal, motor, and elemental powered vehicles. It also considers the ramifications of international communities and unchartered spatial territories in new developing technologies. From rickshaws to jet-packs, bicycles to segways, the ingenuity of mankind is celebrated in this book of fifty milestones in human transportation.
Low phase noise hybrid silicon mode-locked lasers (2014)

In this paper, we review recent results on hybrid silicon mode-locked lasers with a focus on low phase noise optical pulse generation. Taking a high level design approach to lowering phase noise, we show the need for long on-chip optical delay lines for mode-locked lasers to reach and overcome material limits. Key results include demonstration of the longest (cavity length 9 cm) integrated on-chip mode locked laser, 14 dB reduction of Lorentzian noise on a 20 GHz radio-frequency (RF) signal, and greater than 55 dB optical supermode noise suppression using harmonically mode locked long cavity laser, 10 GHz passively mode locked laser with 15 kHz linewidth using on-chip all optical feedback stabilization.
Identification and molecular characterization of the nicotianamine synthase gene family in bread wheat (2016)

Nicotianamine (NA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in fundamental aspects of metal uptake, transport and homeostasis in all plants and constitutes the biosynthetic precursor of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) in graminaceous plant species. Nicotianamine synthase (NAS) genes, which encode enzymes that synthesize NA from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), are differentially regulated by iron (Fe) status in most plant species and plant genomes have been found to contain anywhere from 1 to 9 NAS genes. This study describes the identification of 21 NAS genes in the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome and their phylogenetic classification into two distinct clades. The TaNAS genes are highly expressed during germination, seedling growth and reproductive development. Fourteen of the clade I NAS genes were up-regulated in root tissues under conditions of Fe deficiency. Protein sequence analyses revealed the presence of endocytosis motifs in all of the wheat NAS proteins as well as chloroplast, mitochondrial and secretory transit peptide signals in four proteins. These results greatly expand our knowledge of NAS gene families in graminaceous plant species as well as the genetics underlying Fe nutrition in bread wheat.
Hydrophobic and optical properties of silica antireflective coating prepared via sol-gel method (2021)

Abstract A simple and low-cost process for the preparing of multifunctional coating is essential in practical applications. Here, alkali-catalyzed SiO 2 antireflection coating was first prepared by using the sol-gel method, the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and ammonia (NH 3 ·H 2 O) were used as a raw material and catalyst, respectively. Then, a layer of dimethyl silicone was sprayed on the surface of the as-prepared primary coating to obtain a bifunctional coating of antireflection and hydrophobicity simultaneously. The experimental results shown that the peak transmittance of the as-prepared bifunctional coating was 98.11% in the wavelength range of 300–1500 nm, while the water contact angle of the prepared coating was 140°, which was caused by the introduction of hydrophobic methyl groups of dimethyl silicone. Besides, the tape adhesion test and pencil scratch test results shown that the coatings have excellent mechanical robustness. Therefore, this work provides a practical strategy for the preparation of bifunctional coatings with antireflective and hydrophobic properties.
Organocatalysis—after the gold rush (2009)

The use of secondary amines as asymmetric catalysts in transformations of carbonyl compounds has seen tremendous development in recent years. Going from sporadic reports of selected reactions, aminocatalysis can now be considered as one of the methods of choice for many asymmetric functionalizations of carbonyl compounds--primarily of aldehydes and ketones. These functionalizations have been published at a breathtaking pace over the last few years--during the "golden age" and "gold rush" of organocatalysis. This tutorial review will firstly sketch the basic developments in organocatalysis, focussing especially on the use of secondary amines as catalysts for the functionalization of aldehydes and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, with emphasis on the mechanisms of the transformations and, secondly, outline recent trends within central areas of this research topic. Lastly, we will present our guesses as to where new developments might take organocatalysis in the years to come.
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a schizophrenia patient with ASTN2 deletion (2018)

Astrotactin-2, encoded by ASTN2, is implicated in neuronal migration. Although genetic studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients have suggested that exonic deletions of ASTN2 are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, their biological significance remains unclear. Herein, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a SCZ patient with an exonic deletion of ASTN2. The generated iPSCs carried ASTN2 deletion and showed typical iPSC morphology, pluripotency marker expression, normal chromosomal aneuploidy, and the capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. This iPSC line may be suitable for evaluating Astrotactin-2 function relevant for SCZ onset in the human brain.
Dual monitors support group awareness in multiplayer computer games (2004)

This paper reports our exploratory study that investigates the potential of dual monitors in facilitating multiplayer computer games (MCG's). We conducted a laboratory experiment of MCG's played with single and with dual monitors. Dual monitors were used to display awareness information about team players. Participants showed overwhelming interest in playing games with dual monitors. Overall, they found dual monitors useful in supporting their games as dual monitors facilitate team communication and stimulate informal communication