gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-D Radiation Mapping in Real-Time with the Localization and Mapping Platform LAMP from Unmanned Aerial Systems and Man-Portable Configurations (2018)

Real-time, meter-resolution gamma-ray mapping is relevant in the detection and mapping of radiological materials, and for applications ranging from nuclear decommissioning, waste management, and environmental remediation to homeland security, emergency response, and international safeguards. We present the Localization and Mapping Platform (LAMP) as a modular, contextual and radiation detector sensor suite, which performs gamma-ray mapping in three dimensions (3-D) and in real time, onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or in a man-portable configuration. The deployment of an unmanned aerial system (UAS) for gamma-ray mapping can be advantageous, as the UAS provides a means of measuring large areas efficiently and improving accessibility to some environments, such as multi-story structures. In addition, it is possible to increase measurement robustness through autonomous navigation, and to reduce radiation exposure to users as a result of the remote measurement. LAMP enables meter-resolution gamma-ray mapping through Scene Data Fusion (SDF) [1], a capability that fuses radiation and scene data via voxelized 3-D Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) to produce 3-D maps of radioactive source distributions in real-time. Results are computed onboard LAMP while it is flying on the UAV and streamed from the system to the user, who can view the 3-D map on a tablet in real-time. We present results that demonstrate the SDF concept, including a set of UAS flights where a 133Ba source is localized at a test site in Berkeley, CA and a handheld measurement in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan where the distribution of radiocesium(137,134Cs) released from the accident of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is mapped. The reconstruction parameters used for each measurement were identical, indicating that the same algorithm can be used for both point or distributed sources.
The Importance of the Hawthorne Effect on Psychological Outcomes Unveiled in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Diabetes Technology (2017)

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Functionalization of Ruthenium(II)(η6‐p‐cymene)(3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridone) Complexes with (Thio)Morpholine: Synthesis and Bioanalytical Studies (2017)

Hydroxypyr(id)ones constitute an emerging platform for the design of drug molecules, owing to their favorable biocompatibility and toxicity profiles. Herein, [Ru<sup>II</sup> (η<sup>6</sup> -p-cymene)] complexes with 3-hydroxy-2-pyridinone functionalized with morpholine and thiomorpholine, as a means often used in medicinal chemistry to alter the physicochemical properties of drug compounds, are reported. The compounds underwent hydrolysis of the Ru-Cl bond and the aqua species were stable for up to 48 h in aqueous solution, as observed by <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. The compounds formed adducts with amino acids and proteins through cleavage of the pyridinone ligand. Binding experiments to the nucleosome core particle by means of X-ray crystallography revealed similar reactivity and exclusive binding to histidine moieties of the histone proteins. Preliminary cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin A kinase inhibitory studies revealed promising activity similar to that of structurally related organometallic compounds.
Morbidity statistics: a report on current practice in member states of the World Health Organization. (1969)

This paper is based on an analysis of questionnaires sent to the health ministries of Member States of WHO asking for information about the extent, nature, and scope of morbidity statistical information. It is clear that most countries collect some statistics of morbidity and many countries collect extensive data. However, few countries relate their collection to the needs of health administrators for information, and many countries collect statistics principally for publication in annual volumes which may appear anything up to 3 years after the year to which they refer. The desiderata of morbidity statistics may be summarized as reliability, representativeness, and relevance to current health problems.
Refining our understanding of the subsurface geology using deep learning techniques (2022)

This work addresses the question surrounding the importance of the geological model used for training a deep network for semantic segmentation tasks. We present an improved synthetic model that matches our understanding of the geology augmented with all possible channel scenarios to ensure that the model is presented with the needed information during training. The synthetic model was used to train a U-Net to predict the facies classes from the seismic cube. Then the trained model was used to infer the facies from the real seismic data. The results are compared against using the same training setup but on a simplistic geological model. Of which we observe an improvement in the inference results as well as new observations regarding the subsurface, which had not been under consideration. This work provides insights into using deep learning as a method to refining our understanding of the subsurface geology.
Multiple Eruptive Sebaceous Hyperplasia Secondary to Cyclosporin in a Patient with Bone Marrow Transplantation (2016)

Many cutaneous complications have been described in patients treated with cyclosporin. Alterations of the pilosebaceous unit such as hypertrichosis are particularly frequent. However, the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia is exceptional. These lesions seem to be specific to cyclosporin rather than secondary to immunosuppression. Here, we report an exceptional case of eruptive and disseminated sebaceous hyperplasia arising in a bone marrow transplant recipient only a few months after starting immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin.
Keap1 moderates the transcription of virus induced genes through G9a‐GLP and NFκB p50 recruitment (2022)

Cells must control genes that are induced by virus infection to mitigate deleterious consequences of inflammation. We investigated the mechanisms whereby Keap1 moderates the transcription of genes that are induced by Sendai virus infection in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Keap1-/- deletions increased the transcription of virus induced genes independently of Nrf2. Keap1 moderated early virus induced gene transcription. Virus infection induced Keap1 to bind Ifnb1, Tnf and Il6, and reduced Keap1 binding at Cdkn1a and Ccng1. Virus infection induced G9a-GLP and NFκB p50 recruitment, and H3K9me2 deposition. Keap1-/- deletions eliminated G9a-GLP and NFκB p50 recruitment, and H3K9me2 deposition, but they did not affect NFκB p65, IRF3 or cJun recruitment. G9a-GLP inhibitors (BIX01294, MS012, BRD4770) enhanced virus induced gene transcription in MEFs with intact Keap1, but not in MEFs with Keap1-/- deletions. G9a-GLP inhibitors augmented Keap1 binding to virus induced genes in infected MEFs, and to cell cycle genes in uninfected MEFs. G9a-GLP inhibitors augmented NFκB subunit recruitment in MEFs with intact Keap1. G9a-GLP inhibitors stabilized Keap1 retention in permeabilized MEFs. G9a-GLP lysine methyltransferase activity was required for Keap1 to moderate transcription, and it moderated Keap1 binding to chromatin. The interdependent effects of Keap1 and G9a-GLP on the recruitment of each other and on the moderation of virus induced gene transcription constitute a feedback circuit. Keap1 and the electrophile tBHQ reduced virus induced gene transcription through different mechanisms, and they regulated the recruitment of different NFκB subunits. Characterization of the mechanisms whereby Keap1, G9a-GLP and NFκB p50 moderate virus induced gene transcription can facilitate the development of immunomodulatory agents.
Human Sperm Proteome: Immunodominant Sperm Surface Antigens Identified with Sera from Infertile Men and Women1 (1999)

The objective of this study was to identify those immunodominant sperm antigens recognized by antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the serum samples of infertile men and women. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed to separate human sperm proteins using isoelectric focusing or nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, followed by PAGE. Serum samples from 15 infertile male subjects and 6 infertile female subjects that contained ASA as assayed by the immunobead binding test (IBT) were analyzed by Western blotting followed by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL). Serum samples from 10 fertile subjects (5 males and 5 females) that were ASA negative by IBT were used as controls. The ECL blots were analyzed by computer scanning to compare the immunoreactivity between serum samples from fertile and infertile subjects and to identify the antigens unique to the sera of the infertile subjects; 98 sperm auto- and iso-antigenic protein spots were recognized by sera from infertile males and females but not from fertile subjects. Based on vectorial labeling with 125I at the sperm surface, a subset of 6 auto- and iso-antigens was identified as possibly relevant to antibody-mediated infertility.
E-Beam Propagation And Interaction With The Atmosphere. (2004)

This study purports to investigate whether a conductive tether left uninsulated and electrically floating in LEO could serve as an effective e-beam source to produce artificial auroras. An electrically floating tether comes out biased highly negative over most of its length. Ambient ions impacting it with KeV energies liberate secondary electrons, which are locally accelerated through the 2D tether voltage-bias, race down magnetic lines, and result
in peak auroral emissions at about 120-160 km altitude. Since no current flows at either tether end, a bare-tether e-beam is fully free of spacecraft charging problems. Beam
propagation and beam-atmosphere interactions need be modelled in a simple but quantitative way so as to allow a satisfactory discussion of observational options and their feasibility. The evolution in the energy spectrum of secondary electrons, their pitch distribution, and beam
broadening due to collisions with neutrals, which would result in a broader but weaker tether footprint in the E-layer, need be modelled. Relations between particle/energy flux values, and ionization and accompanying emission rates, are considered.
Generative Adversarial Active Learning for Unsupervised Outlier Detection (2019)

Outlier detection is an important topic in machine learning and has been used in a wide range of applications. In this paper, we approach outlier detection as a binary-classification issue by sampling potential outliers from a uniform reference distribution. However, due to the sparsity of data in high-dimensional space, a limited number of potential outliers may fail to provide sufficient information to assist the classifier in describing a boundary that can separate outliers from normal data effectively. To address this, we propose a novel Single-Objective Generative Adversarial Active Learning (SO-GAAL) method for outlier detection, which can directly generate informative potential outliers based on the mini-max game between a generator and a discriminator. Moreover, to prevent the generator from falling into the mode collapsing problem, the stop node of training should be determined when SO-GAAL is able to provide sufficient information. But without any prior information, it is extremely difficult for SO-GAAL. Therefore, we expand the network structure of SO-GAAL from a single generator to multiple generators with different objectives (MO-GAAL), which can generate a reasonable reference distribution for the whole dataset. We empirically compare the proposed approach with several state-of-the-art outlier detection methods on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The results show that MO-GAAL outperforms its competitors in the majority of cases, especially for datasets with various cluster types or high irrelevant variable ratio. The experiment codes are available at: https://github.com/leibinghe/GAAL-based-outlier-detection.
Rationale and cost-efficiency compared for urine or saliva testing and behavioural inquiry among UK offender populations: injectors, arrestees and prisoners (2002)

For scientific added-value, we recommend co-location of survey types geographically and temporally; a common core set of behavioural questions; saliva sample as well as (and, eventually, instead of) the less acceptable urine sample. Survey methodologies for measuring key performance indicators should stand up to scrutiny in terms of openness, design credentials, statistical power, and costs. We examine how participation bias or inadequate survey size can compromise the effective monitoring of a key performance indicator.
Progress in defining clinically meaningful changes for clinical trials in nonrenal manifestations of SLE disease activity (2016)

Since the 2002 Dusseldorf meeting, one new agent, Benlysta, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for systemic lupus erythematosus. Experiences from the field in conducting trials of all the agents tested during this period have provided valuable practical insights. There has been incremental progress in defining the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of key disease manifestations and the view is largely that of the health care providers and not that of the person suffering the disease. This basic methodological work on the MCID should improve the efficiency and the clinical relevance of future trials and their design.
Hospitalizations Due to Cirrhosis: Clinical Aspects in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients and Cost Analysis Report (2017)

Cirrhosis has a relevant epidemiological and economic impact on hospitalizations and preventive strategies for its clinical management are warranted.
Dendritic Cells Are Recruited into the Airway Epithelium during the Inflammatory Response to a Broad Spectrum of Stimuli (1996)

A key rate-limiting step in the adaptive immune response at peripheral challenge sites is the transmission of antigen signals to T cells in regional lymph nodes. Recent evidence suggests that specialized dendritic cells (DC) fulfill this surveillance function in the resting state, but their relatively slow turnover in most peripheral tissues brings into question their effectiveness in signaling the arrival of highly pathogenic sources of antigen which require immediate mobilization of the full range of host defenses for maintenance of homeostasis. However, the present report demonstrates that recruitment of a wave of DC into the respiratory tract mucosa is a universal feature of the acute cellular response to local challenge with bacterial, viral, and soluble protein antigens. Consistent with this finding, we also demonstrate that freshly isolated respiratory mucosal DC respond in vitro to a variety of CC chemokines as well as complementary cleavage products and N-formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine. This suggests that rapid amplification of specific antigen surveillance at peripheral challenge sites is an integral feature of the innate immune response at mucosal surfaces, and serves as an "early warning system" to alert the adaptive immune system to incoming pathogens.
[Active transport of fosfomycin into cells of Escherichia coli, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus]. (1995)

We examined effect of fosfomycin (FOM) on growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) NIHJ JC-2, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) PFS80 and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Smith. FOM inhibited the growth of these organisms at 0.1 approximately 0.5, 10 approximately 50 or 5 approximately 50 micrograms ml, respectively. In E. coli, FOM clearly lyzed the cells at 0.5 microgram/ml. These 3 bacteria incorporated radiolabeled FOM proportionately to incubation time. Intracellular concentration of FOM was estimated by considering the water content of E. coli cells. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular concentrations of FOM was larger than 1 after 5 approximately 10 min. incubation with FOM and reached about 7 after 40 min. FOM was incorporated actively into P. aeruginosa over extracellular concentration after 40-min. incubation on the basis of the above-mentioned water content. It was suggested that FOM was incorporated actively into various bacterial cells, and inhibited efficiently cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, thus inhibited bacterial growth or lyzed the bacterial cells.
A New Class of Isobenzofuran-5-Carboxamide Derivatives: Synthesis, Studies on Induction of Apoptosis and Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation (2015)

Keeping in view that carboxamides have a wide array of biological activities, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-
1,3 dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid was coupled with aromatic and aliphatic amines to obtain a new
series of isobenzofuran-5-carboxamide derivatives. These derivatives were analyzed for their antiproliferative
efficacy against human breast cancer cells and prostate cancer cells. All the compounds showed antiproliferative
activity against LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. The compound 4b showed antiproliferative activity against
MDA-MB 231 (IC50 =40±1.1 μM), MCF-7(IC50 =36±1.4μM), PC3 (IC50=42±1.7 μM ) and LNCaP (IC50 =20±1.1 μM ) cancer cells. Compound 4b showing a promising antiproliferative effect induced apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In-silico molecular docking reveals the interaction of the 4b with caspase 7. Additionally, the in-silico pharmacokinetic parameters reflect the drug like properties of the all the synthesized isobenzofuran carboxamides
Detection of Gauss–Markov Random Fields With Nearest-Neighbor Dependency (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The problem of hypothesis testing against independence for a Gauss–Markov random field (GMRF) is analyzed. Assuming an acyclic dependency graph, an expression for the log-likelihood ratio of detection is derived. Assuming random placement of nodes over a large region according to the Poisson or uniform distribution and nearest-neighbor dependency graph, the error exponent of the Neyman–Pearson detector is derived using large-deviations theory. The error exponent is expressed as a dependency-graph functional and the limit is evaluated through a special law of large numbers for <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">stabilizing</emphasis> graph functionals. The exponent is analyzed for different values of the variance ratio and correlation. It is found that a more correlated GMRF has a higher exponent at low values of the variance ratio whereas the situation is reversed at high values of the variance ratio. </para>
Cocirculation of measles virus genotype B2 and B3.1 in Central African Republic during the 2000 measles epidemic (2006)

Many African countries have begun implementation of national programs to eliminate measles by the year 2015. However, measles continues to be endemic in Africa. This study describes the first molecular epidemiological study of measles virus circulating in Central African Republic. Two hundred and ten blood samples were tested for measles IgM. Sixty-seven urine samples were collected during measles outbreak in Bangui in 2000 and 2004 and used for genotyping studies. Two different methods were used to determine measles virus genotypes; the recently described real-time PCR-based method and the nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis methods. These tests revealed the cocirculation of two distinct viruses in Bangui. The proposed subgroup of the B3 genotype, B3.1 was found in 14 samples. This virus has been found in other neighboring countries. More surprising, genotype B2 was found in samples from four patients. The first measles genotype B2 viruses were isolated in Gabon in 1984, but have not been detected until recently when they were identified during a measles outbreak in 2003 in South Africa. This suggests that the circulation of measles genotype B2 has continued in Central Africa during the last 20 years. This study provides the baseline for genetic surveillance of measles virus in Central African Republic. Knowledge of currently circulating measles virus genotype in Central African Republic will help in monitoring the success of measles elimination program.
Reactivation of Hepatic EPO Synthesis in Mice After PHD Loss (2010)

The kidney controls erythropoietin production in adults, and the anemia that can accompany renal failure is a major medical problem. The liver controls erythropoietin production during fetal life but is silenced shortly after birth. Erythropoietin transcription is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is inhibited by three prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3). Systemic PHD2 inactivation has been found to increase renal, but not hepatic, erythropoietin production. In contrast, we show here that simultaneous genetic inactivation of all three PHD paralogs in mice reactivates hepatic erythropoietin production and stimulates red blood synthesis, suggesting that pan-PHD inhibitory drugs might be useful for the treatment of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease.
Performance Investigations of a Novel Rolling Traction CVT (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Milner CVT is a patented &lt;b&gt;[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/b&gt; rolling traction transmission offering advantages of high power density and simplicity of construction and operation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 90 mm diameter prototype variator is described which was sized for a maximum rated input power of 12 kW. Experimental data are presented demonstrating high efficiency and low shift forces. Resistance to overload torque is shown to be exceptional and preliminary durability trials indicate a highly viable concept for series production.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based upon the measured data, characteristics of larger variators are predicted and prospects for automotive applications discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of combustion mode on heat transfer inside a hybrid solar receiver combustor (2016)

A 3-D CFD model of a hybrid solar receiver combustor (HSRC) was developed to carry out a systematic assessment of multiple performance criteria (thermal efficiency and heat flux distribution) with the aim of identifying how the introduction of concentrated solar radiation inside the HSRC influences the relative performance of MILD and conventional combustion. The effect of changing the dominant receiver geometric features (i.e. the length-to-diameter cavity ratio) on the thermal performance of the device is also assessed. The model employs a Monte-Carlo ray tracing approach to calculate the radiation flux distribution on heat transfer fluid (HTF) pipes and thermal efficiency of the solar receiver under solar-only mode of operation. For the combustion-only mode of operation, two different burner designs were considered as representative cases for non-premixed swirl-stabilised flames and MILD combustion, respectively. It was found that through optimisation of the HSRC design it is possible to achieve similar thermal efficiency in both solar-only and combustion-only modes. Also, the thermal efficiency of the device increases with an increase in the length-to-diameter cavity ratio and solar concentration ratio. MILD and conventional combustion showed a similar thermal efficiency, although the total heat transfer rate was larger (up to 5%) under MILD conditions, implying a better utilisation of the energy source and/or fuel savings. On the other hand, the heat flux distribution on the HTF pipes for solar-only mode was closer to the combustion-only mode operating with conventional flames than MILD conditions, suggesting that the materials selection will be influenced by the combustion regime.