gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marital satisfaction and break-ups differ across on-line and off-line meeting venues (2013)

Marital discord is costly to children, families, and communities. The advent of the Internet, social networking, and on-line dating has affected how people meet future spouses, but little is known about the prevalence or outcomes of these marriages or the demographics of those involved. We addressed these questions in a nationally representative sample of 19,131 respondents who married between 2005 and 2012. Results indicate that more than one-third of marriages in America now begin on-line. In addition, marriages that began on-line, when compared with those that began through traditional off-line venues, were slightly less likely to result in a marital break-up (separation or divorce) and were associated with slightly higher marital satisfaction among those respondents who remained married. Demographic differences were identified between respondents who met their spouse through on-line vs. traditional off-line venues, but the findings for marital break-up and marital satisfaction remained significant after statistically controlling for these differences. These data suggest that the Internet may be altering the dynamics and outcomes of marriage itself.
Integer multiplication and division on the HP Precision Architecture (1988)

In recent years, many architectural design efforts have focused on maximizing performance for frequently executed, simple instructions. The authors describe how a small set of primitive instructions combined with what is considered careful frequency analysis and clever programming allows the Hewlett-Packard (HP) Precision Architecture integer multiplication and division implementation to provide adequate performance at little or no hardware cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Teletraffic performance evaluation of microcellular personal communication networks (PCN's) with prioritized handoff procedures (1999)

Evaluates four handoff priority-oriented channel allocation schemes. These give priority to handoff calls by reserving channels exclusively for handoff calls. The measurement-based handover channel adaptive reassignment scheme (MHAR-A) exclusively uses reserved handover channels for newly originated calls if a certain criterion is satisfied. All four schemes studied differ from the conventional guard channel-based handover priority-oriented channel allocation scheme. To study the schemes, a personal communication network (PCN) based on city street microcells is considered. A teletraffic simulation model accommodating a fast moving vehicle is developed, and the performance parameters are obtained. The performances of all four schemes are compared with the nonpriority scheme and the conventional guard channel-based handover priority-oriented channel allocation scheme. It was found that some of the channel allocation algorithms studied improved the teletraffic capacity over the nonpriority and the conventional guard case. Also, the probability of new call blocking and carried traffic was improved for three of the schemes when compared to the conventional guard scheme. The MHAR-A scheme did not perform up to expectation. Nevertheless, it can be used to finely control the communication service quality equivalent to the control obtained by varying the number of handoff channels in a fraction of one. Increasing the number of reserved handover channels in fraction of one can never be achieved in the conventional guard channel-based handover priority-oriented channel allocation scheme.
Performance of multi-dimensional space-filling curves (2002)

A space-filling CurV(l is a way of mapping the multi-dimensional space into the one-dimensional space.It acts like a thread that passes through every cdl clement (or pixel) in the V-dimensional Space so that every C:(lll is visited exactly once.There are numerous kinds of space-filling curves.The difference between such curves is in their way of mapping to the one-dimensional space.Selecting the appropriate curve for any application requires knowledge of the mapping schcme provided by each space-filling curve.A space-filling curve consists of a set of segments.Each segment connects two consecutive multi-ilimensional points.Five different t.ypes of segments are distinguished, namely, .Jump, Contiguity, Reverse, Forward, and Still.A dcscription vector V = (.J,C,R,F,S), where.J, 0, R, P, and 5, arc the percentages of .Jump, Contiguity, Rcvcrse, FOlllJUf"d, and Still segments in the space-filling curve, encapsulates all the properties of a space-filling curve.The knowledgc of \I facilitates the process of selecting the appropriate space-filling curve for different applications.Closed formulas are developed to compute the description vector \I for any D-dimensional space and grid size N for different space-filling curves.A comparative study of cliIferent space-filling curV(!S with respect to the description vcctor is conclucted and rcsults are presented and diSCllssed.
Damage evolution modeling in orthotropic laminated composites (1992)

The model is based on the division of laminated composites into a statistically large number of mesoelements. This mesovolume is assumed to be large enough to be structurally homogeneous, and at the same time it has to be comparatively small to satisfy the condition of stochastic homogeneity of stress and strain fields. Three modes of mesovolume failure, i.e., fiber breakage and matrix failure in the transverse direction as well as matrix shear cracking, are taken into account. Analysis of angle ply Kevlar/epoxy laminates subjected to tension, compression, and shear loading is performed. The effect of scatters in elastic and strength characteristics on damage evolution is shown
Characterization of titanium surfaces for dental implants with inorganic contaminant (2005)

The aim of this research was to characterize titanium surfaces blasted with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles using the KS 400 digital image processing program. Samples of grade II titanium plates were submitted to blasting processes using particles of Al2O3, and treated with a hydrofluoric acid-based solution. Three digital images from each sample surface were obtained using Scanning Electron Microscopy, and half-quantitative chemical analyses were subsequently performed using Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, parameters related to the alumina phase, such as the concentration level, the area and perimeter of the particles and their circular form factor were measured using KS 400. The mechanical/chemical treatment caused depressions up to 10 microm on homogeneous surfaces. Although the chemical attack significantly removed the alumina phase, residual particles could still be identified by the EDS. The average area occupied by the alumina phase on the samples surfaces was 469.32 (+/- 284.98) microm2, the particle average perimeter was 81.61 (+/- 27.68) microm, and the mean circular form factor was 0.60 (+/- 0.05). Characterizing the titanium surface is essential in the evaluation of the material manufacturing process because the presence of residual aluminum particles may have deleterious effects on the formation of the osseous/implant tissue.
Post‐Amadori AGE Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Complications: A Rational Approach to Second‐Generation Amadorin Design (2005)

Aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine (Pyridorintrade mark), two major inhibitors of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, have entered clinical trials for diabetic nephropathy. They share no structural similarity and are believed to inhibit AGE formation by entirely different mechanisms. Pyridoxamine is a post-Amadori AGE inhibitor-that is, an "Amadorin"-whereas aminoguanidine primarily scavenges reactive dicarbonyl precursors to AGEs. However, pyridoxamine also has a limited potential to react with dicarbonyls. We thus embarked on an effort to develop second-generation Amadorins with low nucleophilicity. Our hypothesis was that we could improve specificity for inhibiting the post-Amadori pathway by minimizing the potential for scavenging small dicarbonyl intermediates. This mechanism-based strategy has led to a rational drug design program that has successfully produced candidate Amadorins, among them the novel compound BST-4997. This Amadorin has greater post-Amadori potency than pyridoxamine but possess no dicarbonyl scavenging activity. Prototypical inhibitors like BST-4997 provide a unique tool to help identify relevant AGE pathways that contribute to diabetic complications. Targeting AGE inhibition differs significantly from traditional approaches to drug discovery and thus represents a new paradigm for the drug industry that should be recognized.
Binding of Mercury(II) to Dissolved Organic Matter:  The Role of the Mercury-to-DOM Concentration Ratio (2002)

The binding of Hg(II) to dissolved organic matter (DOM; hydrophobic acids isolated from the Florida Everglades by XAD-8 resin) was measured at a wide range of Hg-to-DOM concentration ratios using an equilibrium dialysis ligand exchange method. Conditional distribution coefficients (K(DOM)') determined by this method were strongly affected by the Hg/DOM concentration ratio. At Hg/DOM ratios below approximately 1 microg of Hg/mg of DOM, we observed very strong interactions (K(DOM)' = 10(23.2+/-1.0) L kg(-1) at pH = 7.0 and I = 0.1), indicative of mercury-thiol bonds. Hg/DOM ratios above approximately 10 microg of Hg/mg of DOM, as used in most studies that have determined Hg-DOM binding constants, gave much lower K(DOM)' values (10(10.7+/-1.0) L kg(-1) at pH = 4.9-5.6 and I = 0.1), consistent with Hg binding mainly to oxygen functional groups. These results suggest that the binding of Hg to DOM under natural conditions (very low Hg/DOM ratios) is controlled by a small fraction of DOM molecules containing a reactive thiol functional group. Therefore, Hg/DOM distribution coefficients used for modeling the biogeochemical behavior of Hg in natural systems need to be determined at low Hg/DOM ratios.
Large-scale parallel numerical simulations of the relativistic klystron oscillator (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. The Phillips Laboratory has a strong research effort in the development of high-power microwave devices. One device of interest to the experimental program is the relativistic klystron oscillator (RKO). Previous numerical simulations of the device predict extracted powers well above those observed experimentally. This discrepancy may be caused by insufficient resolution or overly truncated problem domain due to computational resource restraints or by neglect of the physical phenomena responsible for the power loss. To overcome the obstacle of limiter computational resources, we have developed a 3D parallel particle-in-cell (PIC) code specifically designed to model microwave tubes. We discuss the design issues and implementation techniques specific to parallel codes, and describe our own parallelization, partitioning, and dynamic re-load balancing schemes. A brief overview of the code is given and timing results are presented. The benefits of dynamic load migration are also discussed. To better address phenomena suspected to be responsible for power loss but missing from the basic PIC model, we have implemented a Monte Carlo collisional (MCC) treatment in our code. Large-scale simulations of the RKO are presented both with and without collisional effects. Results from both of these simulations are compared to experimental data, and the necessity of including collisional effects is assessed.
Characterising the long-term clinical outcomes of 1190 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in New York City: a retrospective case series (2021)

Patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported persistent symptoms up to 6 months after diagnosis. These results highlight the long-term morbidity of COVID-19 and its burden on patients and healthcare resources.
Oxide–organic heterostructures: a case study of charge transfer disturbance at a SnO2–copper phthalocyanine buried interface (2018)

Reduced tin dioxide/copper phthalocyanine (SnOx/CuPc) heterojunctions recently gained much attention in hybrid electronics due to their defect structure, allowing tuning of the electronic properties at the interface towards particular needs. In this work, we focus on the creation and analysis of the interface between the oxide and organic layer. The inorganic/organic heterojunction was created by depositing CuPc on SnOx layers prepared with the rheotaxial growth and vacuum oxidation (RGVO) method. Exploiting surface sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, angle dependent X-ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS and UPS, respectively), supported by semi-empirical simulations, the role of carbon from adventitious organic adsorbates directly at the SnOx/CuPc interface was investigated. The adventitious organic adsorbates were blocking electronic interactions between the environment and surface, hence pinning energy levels. A significant interface dipole of 0.4 eV was detected, compensating for the difference in work functions of the materials in contact, however, without full alignment of the energy levels. From the ADXPS and UPS results, a detailed diagram of the interfacial electronic structure was constructed, giving insight into how to tailor SnOx/CuPc heterojunctions towards specific applications. On the one hand, parasitic surface contamination could be utilized in technology for passivation-like processes. On the other hand, if one needs to keep the oxide's surficial interactions fully accessible, like in the case of stacked electronic systems or gas sensor applications, carbon contamination must be carefully avoided at each processing step.
Predicting image matching using affine distortion models (2011)

We propose a novel method for predicting whether an image taken from a given location will match an existing set of images. This problem appears prominently in image based localization and augmented reality applications where new images are matched to an existing set to determine location or add virtual information into a scene. Our process generates a spatial coverage map showing the confidence that images taken at specific locations will match an existing image set. A new way to measure distortion between images using affine models is introduced. The distortion measure is combined with existing machine learning and structure from motion techniques to create a matching confidence predictor. The predictor is used to generate the spatial coverage map and also compute which images in the original set are redundant and can be removed. Results are presented showing the predictor is more accurate than previously published approaches.
Likelihood maximization for list-mode emission tomographic image reconstruction (2001)

The maximum a posteriori (MAP) Bayesian iterative algorithm using priors that are gamma distributed, due to Lange, Bahn and Little, is extended to include parameter choices that fall outside the gamma distribution model. Special cases of the resulting iterative method include the expectation maximization maximum likelihood (EMML) method based on the Poisson model in emission tomography, as well as algorithms obtained by Parra and Barrett and by Huesman et al. that converge to maximum likelihood and maximum conditional likelihood estimates of radionuclide intensities for list-mode emission tomography. The approach taken here is optimization-theoretic and does not rely on the usual expectation maximization (EM) formalism. Block-iterative variants of the algorithms are presented. A self-contained, elementary proof of convergence of the algorithm is included.
A Competitive Fair Subchannel Allocation for OFDMA System Using an Auction Algorithm (2007)

We develop a novel auction algorithm for subchannel allocation using the difference of throughput among subchannels to allow users to compete through bidding. This bidding price is calculated by the difference between the data rate of the best subchannel giving the maximum transmission rate and the second best one. Regarding this throughput difference as bidding price, the highest bidder wins the use of his best subchannel. All users try to minimize their potential loss by causing not to receive the best subchannel so they can maintain fairness by balancing the received throughput. This bidding price means the valuation or cost the user can pay for his/her subchannel with the maximum transmission rate. This is called willingness to pay in economic theory. It is the competitive fairness that a user reveals his valuation through bidding procedure and he/she is responsible for his action and its resulting data rate [1]. The algorithm we proposed can achieve a competitive fair subchannel allocation through auction mechanism. Numerical result shows that the proposed algorithm has the similar performance with sum rate maximization and guarantees fairness by minimizing user's potential throughput loss.
Influence of Histidine Incorporation on Buffer Capacity and Gene Transfection Efficiency of HPMA-co-oligolysine Brush Polymers (2013)

One of the major intracellular barriers to nonviral gene delivery is efficient endosomal escape. The incorporation of histidine residues into polymeric constructs has been found to increase endosomal escape via the proton sponge effect. Statistical and diblock copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), oligolysine, and oligohistidine were synthesized via reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for in vitro transfection efficiency, buffering ability, and polyplex uptake mechanism via the use of chemical endocytic inhibitors. Interestingly, histidine-containing statistical and diblock polymers exhibited increased buffer capacity in different endosomal pH ranges. Statistical copolymers transfected better than block copolymers that contained similar amounts of histidine. In addition, only the polymer containing the highest incorporation of oligohistidine residues led to increases in transfection efficiency over the HPMA-oligolysine base polymer. Thus, for these polymer architectures, high histidine incorporation may be required for efficient endosomal escape. Furthermore, inhibitor studies indicate that nonacidified caveolae-mediated endocytosis may be the primary route of transfection for these copolymers, suggesting that alternative approaches for increasing endosomal escape may be beneficial for enhancing transfection efficiency with these HPMA-oligolysine copolymers.
Role of IRS and PHIP on Insulin-Induced Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Distribution of IRS Proteins (2007)

To analyze the functional differences of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family, the N-terminal fragments containing the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains and the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains of IRS (IRS-N) proteins, as well as intact IRS molecules, were expressed in Cos-1 cells, and insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and subcellular distribution of IRS proteins were analyzed. In contrast to the distinct affinities toward phosphoinositides, these IRS-N fragments non-selectively inhibited insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, IRS-2 and IRS-3, among which IRS3-N was most effective. The mutations of IRS-1 disrupting all the phosphoinositide-binding sites in both the PH and PTB domains significantly but not completely suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, which was further inhibited by coexpression of all the IRS-N proteins examined. In contrast, the N-terminal PH domain-interacting region (PHIP-N) of PH-interacting protein (PHIP) did not impair tyrosine phosphorylation of either IRS molecule. The analysis using confocal microscopy also demonstrated that all the IRS-N proteins, but not PHIP-N, suppressed targeting of IRS-1 to the plasma membrane in response to insulin. Moreover, the phosphoinositide affinity-disrupting mutations of IRS-1 significantly impaired but did not completely abrogate the insulin-induced translocation of IRS-1 to the plasma membrane, which was further suppressed by IRS1-N overexpression. These findings suggest that both insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and the cell surface targeting of IRS proteins may be regulated in a similar manner through a target molecule common to the members of the IRS family, and distinct from phosphoinositides or PHIP.
Effective color space representation for wavelet based compression of HDR images (2007)

Effective color image and video coding is usually exploited coupling a compression method with the most suitable color space representation. This work extends a previously proposed high dynamic range (HDR) image coding method, which combines a logarithmic color adaptation module with a JPEG2000 codec. Here we propose to change the original preprocessing stage with a more adequate one, based on the LogLuv color space representation, in order to take fully advantage of wavelet based coding. The experimental comparisons confirm that the proposed method improves the compression performances and simplify the overall coding scheme.
A Broadband Transition From Ridge Gap Waveguide to Microstrip Using Suspended Line Coupling (2020)

This letter proposes an inline, ultrawideband, and low loss transition from microstrip line (MSL) to ridge gap waveguide (RGW). An efficient conversion between operational mode of RGW and the quasi-TEM mode of MSL is presented by using suspended line patch as a bridge. Furthermore, the effect of loading a capacitive iris on the transition matching performance is studied and a methodology to tune the transition bandwidth is proposed. In order to validate the presented solution, a back-to-back transition prototype is developed and investigated experimentally. The measured results show an insertion and return loss of 0.4 and 15 dB, respectively, over 107% relative bandwidth in the range of 6.2-20.1 GHz.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Covalent Main Group Azides (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Therapeutic Effects of Pyroglutamate Helix B Surface Peptide (pHBSP) in Disease (2013)

Pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) is an 11 amino acid peptide based on the tertiary structure of erythropoietin (EPO). EPO is released from the kidney and its primary function is to control the production of erythrocytes in response to hypoxia. More recently, EPO has been found to possess many pleiotropic actions, in particular its ability to protect tissues against injurious stimuli. However, its use in patients is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events due to the stimulation of erythropoiesis, this has led to the development of multiple EPO analogues including pHBSP. pHBSP has demonstrated its tissue-protective capability in many pre-clinical studies, with effects comparable to those of EPO. pHBSP is proposed to act via a receptor structurally distinct to the classical EPO receptor homodimer; the β-common receptor (βcR), therefore it does not induce erythropoiesis. pHBSP is a novel and attractive therapeutic intervention for the treatment of many disease states including acute kidney injury, stroke and myocardial infarction, however there are currently no clinical studies using this peptide.