gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalizations of Length Limited Huffman Coding for Hierarchical Memory\n Settings (2020)

In this paper, we study the problem of designing prefix-free encoding schemes\nhaving minimum average code length that can be decoded efficiently under a\ndecode cost model that captures memory hierarchy induced cost functions. We\nalso study a special case of this problem that is closely related to the length\nlimited Huffman coding (LLHC) problem; we call this the {\\em soft-length\nlimited Huffman coding} problem. In this version, there is a penalty associated\nwith each of the $n$ characters of the alphabet whose encodings exceed a\nspecified bound $D$($\\leq n$), where the penalty increases linearly with the\nlength of the encoding beyond $D$. The goal of the problem is to find a\nprefix-free encoding having minimum average code length and total penalty\nwithin a pre-specified bound ${\\cal P}$. This generalizes the LLHC problem. We\npresent an algorithm to solve this problem that runs in time $O( nD )$. We\nstudy a further generalization in which the penalty function and the objective\nfunction can both be arbitrary monotonically non-decreasing functions of the\ncodeword length. We provide dynamic programming based exact and PTAS algorithms\nfor this setting.\n
Complexity control and computational resource allocation during H.264/SVC encoding (2009)

In this paper, a singularly parameterized complexity-scalable scheme is proposed for designing power-aware and power-adaptive H.264 video encoder. The proposed scheme enables adaptive control of the trade-off between the encoder's complexity and coding performance by dynamically updating a control parameter during encoding. This enables the encoder to perform optimally on a variety of computing platforms and runtime environments by adaption to instantaneous available computing resources and varying source video characteristics. The proposed scheme also allows computational resource allocation across layers in SVC encoders.
Continuous multicast push of Web documents over the Internet (1998)

The success of the World Wide Web has led to a steep increase in the user population and the amount of traffic on the Internet. Popular Web pages create "hot spots" of network load due to their great demand for bandwidth and increase the response time because of the overload on the Web servers. We propose the distribution of very popular and frequently changing Web documents using continuous multicast push. The benefits of CMP in the case of such documents are a very efficient use of network resources, a reduction of the load on the server, lower response times, and scalability for an increasing number of receivers. We present a quantitative evaluation of the continuous multicast push for a wide range of parameters.
Using space for technology development - Planning for the Space Station era (1989)

Experience with the Shuttle and free-flying satellites as technology test-beds has shown the feasibility and desirability of using space assets as a facility for technology development. Thus, by the time the Space Station era will have arrived, the technologist will be ready for an accessible engineering facility in space. As the 21st century is approached, it is expected that virtually every flight to the Space Station Freedom will be required to carry one or more research, technology, and engineering experiments. The experiments planned will utilize both the pressurized volume, and the external payload attachment facilities. A unique, but extremely important, class of experiments will use the Space Station itself as an experimental vehicle. Based upon recent examination of possible Space Station Freedom assembly sequences, technology payloads may well utilize 20-30 percent of available resources.
Effect of absorber thickness on image shortening in x-ray lithography (1995)

Image shortening effects have been shown to be a problem for pattern replication using current optical tools. However, a previous study [R. DellaGuardia, J. R. Maldonado, and H. Oertel, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 3936 (1994)] indicated that image shortening is less pronounced when pattern replication is performed using x-ray lithography. This article describes the effect of absorber thickness on the image shortening observed in x-ray lithography. The goal is to determine the optimum absorber thickness that minimizes image shortening when replicating complex patterns with the x-ray spectrum from the HELIOS storage ring installed at the IBM Advanced Lithography Facility. To study these effects, an x-ray mask with four quadrants, each having different gold thickness, was fabricated using the IBM vector scan (VS-5) electron-beam system. The mask contains challenging patterns used in IBM devices with ground rules from 0.4 μm down to 0.15 μm. The image shortening effects for different mask/wafer gaps, various line shapes, and feature sizes will be presented in this article. In addition, experimental results with conventional and chemically amplified resists will be presented to shed light on the role of resist in image shortening.
ChemInform Abstract: (2+2+1)Cycloaddition Reactions of Cyclopropenes with Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Complexes of Acetylenes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preliminary Investigation of Predicting Next-Use Mobile Apps Using App Semantic Representations (2019)

This study presents our preliminary investigation of predicting the next-use mobile Apps based on the App usage history of a target user that can facilitate the user to select an App from an entire list of Apps. The proposed method is designed to train a next-use App prediction model using the usage history of other users (source users) to cope with the cold-start problem of a system in which the training data from a target user is considered to be insufficient when the user begins to use the prediction system. We predict the usage of cold-start users and Apps by leveraging the semantic similarities between the Apps that are installed on the smartphones of the source users and the Apps that are installed on the smartphones of the target user.
A review of water treatment membrane nanotechnologies (2011)

Nanotechnology is being used to enhance conventional ceramic and polymeric water treatment membrane materials through various avenues. Among the numerous concepts proposed, the most promising to date include zeolitic and catalytic nanoparticle coated ceramic membranes, hybrid inorganic–organic nanocomposite membranes, and bio-inspired membranes such as hybrid protein–polymer biomimetic membranes, aligned nanotube membranes, and isoporous block copolymer membranes. A semi-quantitative ranking system was proposed considering projected performance enhancement (over state-of-the-art analogs) and state of commercial readiness. Performance enhancement was based on water permeability, solute selectivity, and operational robustness, while commercial readiness was based on known or anticipated material costs, scalability (for large scale water treatment applications), and compatibility with existing manufacturing infrastructure. Overall, bio-inspired membranes are farthest from commercial reality, but offer the most promise for performance enhancements; however, nanocomposite membranes offering significant performance enhancements are already commercially available. Zeolitic and catalytic membranes appear reasonably far from commercial reality and offer small to moderate performance enhancements. The ranking of each membrane nanotechnology is discussed along with the key commercialization hurdles for each membrane nanotechnology.
Depth of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Induced Air Shower Maxima Measured by the Telescope Array Black Rock and Long Ridge FADC Fluorescence Detectors and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode (2018)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Points: Public not private property (1987)

rightly draws attention to the comparatively limited information available on compulsory childhood immunisation and its impact in eastern European countries. He specifically mentions Czechoslovakia, a country which I recently visited as a medical geographer with a specific interest in vaccination uptake and the epidemiology of infectious disease. In Czechoslovakia virtual eradication ofmeasles seems to have been attained by a combination of compulsory childhood immunisation and the measures which Dr Noah commends: administrative methods, health education, and service delivery. Though immunisa-
SLOW SETTING CATIONIC BITUMINOUS EMULSIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS (OPTEL) (2000)

The purpose of this research program is to create a methodology for the development of slow-setting cationic emulsions and their use in the manufacturing of an extended range of road paving materials. This methodology must cover the full range of all the influencing parameters, from the physical and chemical properties of binders to the characteristics of emulsions and their interaction with the physical and chemical properties of mineral aggregates during the mixing, laying and compactation of paving mixtures. More specifically, the investigation deals with all the different parameters which may impact on the use of slow-setting cationic bituminous emulsions in either wearing course formulation, for which a particular focus will be laid on the possibility to use local mineral aggregates or reclaimed materials. Saving on energy is one of the major reasons for which cold paving techniques, which appeared later than the hot techniques, began to grow significantly in the fifties, when the appearance of emulsifiers made it possible to produce cationic emulsions. In addition, cold technologies offer a valid alternative to the ecological shortcomings of hot asphalt mixing plants. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107185.
Prevalence and genome characteristics of atypical porcine pestivirus in southwest China (2018)

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) causes congenital tremor (CT) in piglets and has a wide geographical distribution. In this study, we evaluated APPV prevalence using 165 piglet sera from southwest China. Viral RNA was detectable by qRT-PCR in 43.6 % (17/39, 95 % CI 27.8-60.4 %) of piglets with CT, while viral RNA was not detected in the sera of any healthy piglets. The seven complete APPV genomes were obtained from distinct farms and were 11 269-11 459 nucleotides in length. The genomes of the seven strains shared 82.8-98 % identity with the APPV reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes as well as E2 and Nrpo sequences revealed that the seven APPVs clustered into two groups: four strains belonged to genogroups A and D and three strains belonged to a novel APPV genotype, tentatively called genogroup E. This study provides important insights into the epidemiological features and genetic diversity of APPV.
Development of monoclonal antibody (MAb) against monodon baculovirus (MBV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) (2005)

Antibody-based detection methods are relatively simple and rapid, aside from being specific and sensitive. Thus, there is a necessity to develop such techniques for early and rapid diagnosis of viral pathogens such as MBV and HPV. In this study, the development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against MBV and HPV employing the hybridoma technology was initiated.&#13;\nSpleen cells from Balb/C mice, immunized with either semi-purified HPV suspension or purified MBV virions were fused with Sp2/0 myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cells. Supernatants from cells which showed good viability and growth were harvested and screened for the presence of antibodies against the two viruses. An indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was optimized to screen these supernatants.&#13;\nResults showed that 84 of the supernatants raised against HPV showed intense immunofluorescent reaction on either hepatopancreas impression smears or paraffin-embedded tissue. Of the 9 MBV supernatants, only 2 showed intense reaction and one showed very weak fluorescence. These results suggest that antibodies to detect these two pathogens could be derived from the hybridoma cells produced in this study.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS OF α‐PERACETOXYNITRILES. 2. A COMPARISON OF TWO SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO 18‐CYANO‐20‐KETOSTEROIDS (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Androsten (I) wird über die Zwischenstufen (II)‐(IV) das Peracetoxynitril (V) dargestellt, das durch Photolyse in das Cyanketosteroid (VI) umgewandelt wird.
Mixture models with adaptive spatial regularization for segmentation with an application to FMRI data (2005)

Mixture models are often used in the statistical segmentation of medical images. For example, they can be used for the segmentation of structural images into different matter types or of functional statistical parametric maps (SPMs) into activations and nonactivations. Nonspatial mixture models segment using models of just the histogram of intensity values. Spatial mixture models have also been developed which augment this histogram information with spatial regularization using Markov random fields. However, these techniques have control parameters, such as the strength of spatial regularization, which need to be tuned heuristically to particular datasets. We present a novel spatial mixture model within a fully Bayesian framework with the ability to perform fully adaptive spatial regularization using Markov random fields. This means that the amount of spatial regularization does not have to be tuned heuristically but is adaptively determined from the data. We examine the behavior of this model when applied to artificial data with different spatial characteristics, and to functional magnetic resonance imaging SPMs.
Quantized Fully Convolution Neural Network for HW Implementation of Human Posture Recognition (2021)

In this paper, a very tiny HW design of a Quantized Fully Convolutional Neural Network is proposed which demonstrates that accurate Human Posture Recognition can be designed by exploiting only pressure sensors and keeping the computation close to the data sources, according to the edge computing paradigm. The custom design of the QFCN exploits a base-2 quantization scheme to achieve state-of-the-art performances in terms of classification accuracy, together with a very reduced number of mapped physical resources and power consumption. Trained and validated on a public dataset for in-bed posture classification, the QFCN exhibits an accuracy up to 96.77% in recognizing 17 different postures. When prototyped on a Xilinx Artix 7 FPGA the design achieves less than 7 mW dynamic power dissipation and a maximum operation frequency of 26.6 MHz, compatible with an Output Data Rate (ODR) of the sensors of 9.13 kHz.
Lithium niobate modulators for 10 Gb/s and beyond (2003)

As the demand for bandwidth in high capacity fiber optic systems increases, higher speed transmission components are required. Even with the advent of DWDM at 2.5 Gb/s, there is a clear need to increase the line rate of individual channels to 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s while concurrently using DWDM. Among the key components required to implement the higher transmission speeds are modulation devices, of which we discuss those made with lithium niobate. 1O Gb/s lithium niobate modulators for Non-Return-to Zero (NRZ) are now being commercially deployed in DWDM systems utilizing both x-cut and z-cut LN crystal orientations. These modulators are of the Mach-Zehnder type with single drive or dual drive configuration, and often contain multi-functionality. One example is the integrated voltage controlled optical attenuator (VOA) on the same monolithic chip as the high speed modulation section. Another example concerns next generation optical transmission systems which utilize RZ based transmission techniques.
AC Emerson flax (1996)

AC Emerson, a medium-early maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agri-Food Diversification Research Centre, Morden, Manitoba, in 1994. The cultivar has high oil quality, medium-large seed size and was high yielding in both early and late seeding tests in the Black and the Brown Soil zones of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Because of its chlorosis tolerance, it is particularly well suited to the calcareous soils of Manitoba. It is immune to North American races of rust caused by Melampsora lini and moderately resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. Key words: Flax, oilseed, Linum usitatissimum L., cultivar description
Discrete-Time Repetitive Control System Design Using the Regeneration Spectrum (1993)

The stability, transient response, and stability robustness of discrete-time repetitive control systems characterized by large values of the time delay inherent in such systems are examined here using a function of frequency termed the regeneration spectrum. The ability to infer different aspects of controlled system performance from the regeneration spectrum, and its ease of computation, makes it a valuable tool for controller analysis and synthesis. A design procedure for discrete-time repetitive control systems, based on the regeneration spectrum, is outlined and a controller form suggested to effectively handle the trade-off between the different aspects of controlled system behavior. The controller design procedure is applied to an electrohydraulic material testing application characterized by strong nonlinearities, and shown experimentally to be effective in improving the controlled system performance.
Thermal Stability of Magnetic States in Circular Thin-Film Nanomagnets with Large Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (2015)

Nanoscale ferromagnetic structures are of great interest for magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), but how stable are their bits? The authors investigate how the energy barrier to unwanted thermally induced transitions scales with size, in thin disks with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. They predict a critical diameter above which the barrier depends not on the disk's volume, but on its width. Their analytical model is easily applied to interpreting experiments and guiding design, to ensure that stored data will last.
Glycogen synthetase kinase 2 (GSK 2); The identification of a new protein kinase in skeletal muscle (1974)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Initiation of reovirus transcription by inosine 5'-triphosphate and properties of 7-methylinosine-capped, inosine-substituted messenger ribonucleic acids (1980)

Inosine 5'-triphosphate (ITP) can be utilized in place of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) for both the initiation and the elongation steps of reovirus transcription, resulting in the synthesis of mRNAs containing 5'-terminal m7IpppIm and internal pI. The apparent molecular weights of the I-substituted products were altered as a consequence of the absence of G-C base pairs and accompanying loss of ordered structure. The migration of I-substituted RNAs in agarose gels and glycerol gradients was similar to glyoxal-treated transcripts; i.e., it decreased 2-fold as compared to the corresponding untreated G-containing mRNAs. 7-Methylinosine-capped (m7I-capped), I-substituted transcripts readily attached to wheat germ 80S ribosomes. Unlike native G-containing mRNAs, they also formed heavier complexes that sedimented faster than 80S complexes even in the presence of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue AMPP(NH)P and elongation inhibitor sparsomycin. I-substituted molecules that were capped posttranscriptionally to form m7G-capped 5' ends yielded mostly 80S monosomes, consistent with a strong influence of 5'-terminal structure on initiation of translation. Under limited conditions of initiation, I-substituted RNAs outcompeted G-containing transcripts for ribosome attachment. Although the results are consistent with enhanced binding and freer movement of ribosomes on unstructured templates, synthesis of acid-precipitable polypeptides in wheat germ extract directed by I-substituted RNAs was 15-fold less than with G-containing mRNAs.
Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid insecticides or their binary mixtures on Culex pipiens mosquitoes (2019)

Abstract Mosquitoes represent one of the most significant threats to human and veterinary health throughout the world. Consequently, improving strategies for the control of mosquitoes is essential. In the present study, juvenile Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), the common house mosquito, are chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (20% of LC 50 ) and imidacloprid (5% of LC 50 ), both separately and as a mixture. Developmental time, the emergence rate of adults and the expression of five selected genes involved in detoxification and resistance to pesticides are assessed. To assess the effects on oviposition choice, gravid females are forced to oviposit into cups containing water with added chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid or a mixture of both. The time required for the development of second‐ and third‐instar larvae is observed to differ significantly between treatments. Adults of C. pipiens fail to emerge from larvae hatched in both imidacloprid and the binary mixture. The expression of the four quantified detoxification genes differs significantly in third‐larval instars exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or imidacloprid compared with controls. Gravid females also fail to lay eggs on water to which either of the insecticides or the binary mixture is added, although they do lay eggs in cups containing water only. Chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos or imidacloprid has significant adverse effects on development and thus the reproductive fitness of C. pipiens and, accordingly, could be used in the population control of these mosquitoes.
Platinum Deposition on Carbon Nanotubes via Chemical Modification (1998)

Carbon nanotubes can be functionalized by oxidation of HNO3 or H2SO4−HNO3. The latter shows a higher capability in producing a high density of surface functional groups. These groups can act as specific nucleation sites for a well-dispersed deposition of Pt clusters on the surface of carbon nanotubes. These modified carbon nanotube materials were investigated by TEM, XPS, and DRIFT. A deposition mechanism is tentatively proposed and discussed.
Application of the CrossBeam Technology to TEM Sample Preparation and Nanolithography (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Introduction (1990)

For several years since the original observations (von der Helm, 1977; Yoshinaka and Luftig, 1977) that retroviruses encoded a proteolytic activity of their own, the retroviral proteases were rather enigmatic proteins, pushed into the background by their glamourous retroviral siblings, reverse transcriptase and the viral oncogenes. Nonetheless, the continuing interest and careful work of several key laboratories, progressively assembled a body of genetic and biochemical data which increasingly pointed to a very fundamental role for the protease in a retrovirus.