gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin-derived curcumin nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2009)

Biologically derived nanoparticles (<100 nm) were fabricated for local and sustained therapeutic curcumin delivery to cancer cells. Silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) polymers were blended noncovalently to encapsulate curcumin in various proportions of SF and CS (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 SF:CS) or pure SF at two concentrations (0.1% w/v and 10% w/v) using the devised capillary-microdot technique. Curcumin-polymer conjugates were frozen, lyophilized, crystallized, suspended in phosphate-buffered saline for characterization, and tested for efficacy against breast cancer cells. All nanoparticle formulations except 0.1% w/v 50:50 SFCS were less than 100 nm in size as determined with the transmission electron microscopy. The entrapment and release of curcumin over eight days was highest for SF-derived nanoparticles as compared to all SFCS blends. The uptake and efficacy of SF-coated curcumin was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than SFCS-coated curcumin in both low and high Her2/neu expressing breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the uptake of curcumin was highest for the high Her2/neu expressing breast cancer cells when delivered with a 10% w/v SF coating as compared to other formulations. In conclusion, SF-derived curcumin nanoparticles show higher efficacy against breast cancer cells and have the potential to treat in vivo breast tumors by local, sustained, and long-term therapeutic delivery as a biodegradable system.
Delay and Doppler Spreads of Nonstationary Vehicular Channels for Safety-Relevant Scenarios (2013)

Vehicular communication channels are characterized by a nonstationary time-frequency-selective fading process due to rapid changes in the environment. The nonstationary fading process can be characterized by assuming local stationarity for a region with finite extent in time and frequency. For this finite region, the wide-sense stationarity and uncorrelated scattering assumption approximately holds, and we are able to calculate a time-frequency-dependent local scattering function (LSF). In this paper, we estimate the LSF from a large set of measurements collected in the DRIVEWAY'09 measurement campaign, which focuses on scenarios for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). We then obtain the time-frequency-varying power delay profile (PDP) and the time-frequency-varying Doppler power spectral density (DSD) from the LSF. Based on the PDP and the DSD, we analyze the time-frequency-varying root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread and the RMS Doppler spread. We show that the distribution of these channel parameters follows a bimodal Gaussian mixture distribution. High RMS delay spread values are observed in situations with rich scattering, whereas high RMS Doppler spreads are obtained in drive-by scenarios.
Entire curves avoiding given sets in Cn (2004)

Let $F\subset\Bbb C^n$ be a proper closed subset of $\Bbb C^n$ and $A\subset\Bbb C^n\setminus F$ at most countable ($n\geq 2$). We give conditions of $F$ and $A$, under which there exists a holomorphic immersion (or a proper holomorphic embedding) $\phi:\Bbb C\to\Bbb C^n$ with $A\subset\phi(\Bbb C)\subset\Bbb C^n\setminus F$.
Metal Ion Transport Through Bulk Liquid Membrane Mediated by Cationic Ligand Surfactants (2005)

A series of N , N , N -trialkyl-2-(hydroxyimino)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-aminium nitrates 3a - 3h and N , N , N -trialkyl-4-(hydroxyimino)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)butan-1-aminium nitrates 3i - 3l representing cationic surfactants with a powerful 1-(hydroxyimino)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)alkyl chelating subunit were prepared as potential selective metal ion extractants. Their extraction ability was tested in transport of Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Pd 2+ through a bulk liquid membrane. The introduction of the cationic group into the extractant molecule increases the selectivity and facilitates the metal ion transport as shown by comparing the transports carried out with ligand surfactants 3 and lipophilic alkyl pyridin-2-yl ketoximes 2 . The efficiency and selectivity of the metal ion transport mediated by ligand surfactants 3 depends predominantly on their structure and lipophilicity, i.e. on the number and length of hydrophobic alkyl chains and on the length of the spacer connecting the chelating moiety with the cationic head group of the surfactant.
Absorption and scattering of high-power laser radiation in low-density porous media (1999)

We have experimentally investigated the interaction of high-power neodymium laser pulses in the intensity range 1013–1014 W/cm2 with flat low-density (0.5–10 mg/cm3) agar-agar targets under conditions of interest for problems of inertial nuclear fusion. Optical and x-ray methods with high temporal and spatial resolution were used to examine the dependence of absorption and scattering of the incident beam on the initial mean density and thickness of the irradiated samples. We show that when a porous target is irradiated, a bulk absorption layer of high-temperature plasma is produced inside the target whose dimensions are determined by the initial density of the material. The time dependence and spectral composition of the harmonics 2ω 0 and 3ω 0/2 observed in the plasma-scattered radiation are measured. A theoretical model is developed that describes the interaction of high-power laser pulses with a porous medium. Predictions of the model, based on the hypothesis of two stages of homogenization of the target material—a fast stage (0.1–0.3 ns) and a slow stage (1–3 ns), are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Labeled PP01 Bacteriophage (2004)

A previously isolated T-even-type PP01 bacteriophage was used to detect its host cell, Escherichia coli O157:H7. The phage small outer capsid (SOC) protein was used as a platform to present a marker protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), on the phage capsid. The DNA fragment around soc was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The gene alignment of soc and its upstream region was g56-soc.2-soc.1-soc, which is the same as that for T2 phage. GFP was introduced into the C- and N-terminal regions of SOC to produce recombinant phages PP01-GFP/SOC and PP01-SOC/GFP, respectively. Fusion of GFP to SOC did not change the host range of PP01. On the contrary, the binding affinity of the recombinant phages to the host cell increased. However, the stability of the recombinant phages in alkaline solution decreased. Adsorption of the GFP-labeled PP01 phages to the E. coli cell surface enabled visualization of cells under a fluorescence microscope. GFP-labeled PP01 phage was not only adsorbed on culturable E. coli cells but also on viable but nonculturable or pasteurized cells. The coexistence of insensitive E. coli K-12 (W3110) cells did not influence the specificity and affinity of GFP-labeled PP01 adsorption on E. coli O157:H7. After a 10-min incubation with GFP-labeled PP01 phage at a multiplicity of infection of 1,000 at 4 degrees C, E. coli O157:H7 cells could be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The GFP-labeled PP01 phage could be a rapid and sensitive tool for E. coli O157:H7 detection.
Proximal effect of the nitrogen ligands in the catalytic epoxidation of olefins by the sodium hypochlorite/manganese(III) porphyrin system (1988)

Using synthetic manganese porphyrin complexes with an imidazole or a pyridine ligand covalently attached to the macrocycle, we report the control of the reaction rate, product selectivity, and stereoselectivity by the axial ligand trans to the active site of the catalyst. The results clearly illustrate the proximal effect on nitrogen ligands in this cytochrome P-450 model. © 1988, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Marker-Assisted Selection for Disease Resistance in Wheat and Barley Breeding (2012)

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) provides opportunities for enhancing the response from selection because molecular markers can be applied at the seedling stage, with high precision and reductions in cost. About each of 50 genes conferring monogenic resistances and hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for quantitative disease resistances have been reported in wheat and barley. For detecting single-major gene resistance, MAS could be easily applied, but is often not necessary because the resistances are selected phenotypically. In quantitative disease resistances, MAS would be very useful, but the individual QTL often have small effects. Additionally, only a few monogenic resistances are durable and only a few QTL with high effects have been successfully transferred into elite breeding material. Further economic and biological constraints, e.g., a low return of investment in small-grain cereal breeding, lack of diagnostic markers, and the prevalence of QTL-background effects, hinder the broad implementation of MAS. Examples in which MAS has been successfully applied to practical breeding are the wheat rust resistance genes Lr34 and Yr36, the eyespot resistance gene Pch1, the recessive resistance genes rym4/rym5 to barley yellow mosaic viruses, mlo to barley powdery mildew, and two QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat (Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa-5A). Newly identified broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTL conferring resistance to multiple taxa of pathogens offer additional perspectives for MAS. In the future, chip-based, high-throughput genotyping platforms and the introduction of genomic selection will reduce the current problems of integrating MAS in practical breeding programs and open new avenues for a molecular-based resistance breeding.
Projections from the orbital gyrus in the cat. I. To brain stem structures (1968)

Abstract Direct projections from the anterior part of the orbital gyrus and its immediate vicinity to the brain stem in the cat were investigated by means of the Nauta and Marchi methods. These experiments were carried out in an attempt to identify the anatomical substrates subserving orbital‐gyral inhibitory influences on somatic reflexes. The cortical layers of the anterior orbital gyrus and the immediately surrounding cortex were ablated unilaterally. Preterminal degeneration was found bilaterally in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The most consoicuous degeneration occurred in the interpoler nuclei, caudal parts of the oral nuclei, and rostral portions of the caudal nuclei of the spinal trigeminal complex. Thus, degeneration was found in the trigeminal sensory nucleus from the level of the inferior olive rostrally to levels just caudal to the obex. Preterminal degeneration was also observed bilaterally in the mesencephalic reticular formation. Heavy preterminal degeneration was found in the reticular formation of the rostral midbrain and moderate degeneration was observed in the caudal mesencephalic reticular formation, the pontile reticular substance and medullary reticular nuclei. Based on these findings, the possible pathways involved in the mediation of orbital‐cortically induced inhibition on somatic reflexes were discussed.
Influence of Upper and Lower Body Adipose Tissue on Insulin Sensitivity in South Asian Men (2012)

The results suggest first, a higher ratio of small-to-larger adipocytes in the South Asians consistent with a lesser lipid storage capacity of adipose tissue; and second, the positive association of lower body fat with insulin resistance in the South Asians implies that fat in their lower body worsens insulin resistance. This association was not observed in the Europids.
A novel spray system inspired by the bombardier beetle (2008)

In this paper we describe an experimental rig which has been built as a result of inspiration from the bombardier beetle. This beetle is such that it has the capacity to fire a spray of hot water, steam and noxious chemicals from a nozzle at the rear end of its abdomen in any direction it wishes (even over its head). An example of controlled combustion in nature, it has led to first to simulations using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) of the spray system and the testing of an experimental rig replicating the physical process of the beetle system. The experiments verified the theories developed through the CFD simulations and produced excellent results that have important applications in different industries dealing with sprays such as drug delivery inhalers, fuel injectors and fire-fighting water mists. This novel spray technology has the trademark Mist.
Source-channel coding strategies: tandem coding vs. channel-optimized quantization (2002)

Two source-channel coding strategies, tandem coding and channel-optimized quantization, are compared on the basis of distortion vs. complexity. For each, formulas for the mean-squared error and complexity used to minimize distortion subject to a complexity constraint. The results suggest there is a threshold such that tandem coding is better than channel-optimized quantization when and only when the complexity constraint is larger than the threshold.
The Admittance of Cylindrical Antennas Driven From a Coaxial Line (1967)

The situation in which the internal conductor of a coaxial transmission line projects through a ground‐plane without any change in diameter is analyzed with reference to the infinite antenna and the parallel‐plate antenna. An experimentally meaningful value of the admittance which takes into account the geometry of the antenna‐to‐coaxial line junction is obtained. This is achieved by utilizing a mathematical model in which an annular aperture or “gap” is represented by a frill of of magnetic current. The field distribution in the aperture is assumed to be of the same form as the TEM mode alone in the coaxial line. It is shown that the effect on the admittance of neglecting the TM modes in the line at the aperture, is very small. In the case of the parallel‐plate antenna, the theoretical results are shown to agree remarkably well with experiment. It is also shown how the theory may be applied to the problem of finite length cylindrical antennas.
State of the systems security (2018)

Software-intensive systems are increasingly pervading our everyday lives. As they get more and more connected, this opens them up to far-reaching cyber attacks. Moreover, a recent study by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security shows that more than 90% of current cyber-attacks are enabled not by faulty crypto, networks or hardware but by application-level implementation vulnerabilities. I argue that those problems can only be resolved by the widespread introduction of a secure software development lifecycle (SDLC). In this technical briefing I explain where secure engineering currently fails in practice, and what software engineers can do if they want to make a positive impact in the field. I will do so by explaining major open challenges in the field, but also by resorting to success stories from the introduction of SDLCs in industry.
Bistren cryptands and cryptates: versatile receptors for anion inclusion and recognition in water (2015)

Bistren cryptands can be easily synthesised through the Schiff base condensation of two molecules of tren and three molecules of a dialdehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the six C=N double bonds to give octamine cages, whose ellipsoidal cavity can be varied at will, by choosing the appropriate dialdehyde, in order to include substrates of varying sizes and shapes. Bistrens can operate as effective anion receptors in two ways: (i) in their protonated form, providing six secondary ammonium groups capable of establishing hydrogen bonding interactions with the anion; (ii) as dicopper(II) cryptates, in which the two coordinatively unsaturated metal centres can be bridged by an ambidentate anion. Representative examples of the two approaches, as well as the design of an anion molecular dispenser, in which a dicopper(II) bistren cryptate acts as a bottle will be illustrated.
Early effects of androgen deprivation on bone and mineral homeostasis in adult men: A prospective cohort study (2020)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors-A drug utilization study (2016)

Background: In 2006 PPI was the third most frequently prescribed drug in Australia. In United States, UK and New Zealand similar trends were observed. Utilization of proton pump inhibitors is increasing continuously. Differential drug utilization of PPIs are observed along with NSAIDs with antibiotics, Utilization of PPI alone is less, and some newer adverse drugs reactions are being reported, so we planned a study to find out the actual burden of PPI in our area.
Methods: 50 registered pharmacies were selected. Then data collection was done after consent of patient or relative having PPI containing prescription and photos of prescription were taken, without any personally identifiable information of patient or physician.
Results: 1466 prescription containing PPI were obtained during study. (69.85%) prescriptions were containing NSAIDs along with the PPI. while 55% AMA were used by the physician during the study period. PPI is preferred and prescribed as gastroprotective agents alone or along with antimicrobials and NSAIDs, thus they will reduce the gastrointestinal adverse effects, of concomitant drugs.
Conclusion: 45.05% burden of PPI is there in study area observed. PPI are mostly used along with NSAIDs and/or AMA, for their ability to produce gastro protective effect. But their contribution towards adverse effect is to be evaluated.

Keywords: PPI, Drug utilization, NSAIDS, Antimicrobial agents
<title>Applications of speckle displacement and decorrelation in free-space geometry: sensitivity and accuracy of measurement deformation and displacement in mechanics</title> (1999)

This paper builds upon the theory of determination of object deformation tensor by means of a method availing of statistical properties of speckle in optically free space geometry. It deals with the analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of a given method from the viewpoint of the theory of errors. The introduction summarizes basic theoretical relations for computational of stress components in the tangent plane of object, together with the manner of their error equations. As it flows from theory, the exact results at stress determination depends crucially upon the geometrical arrangement of the optical system. In the main part of paper, the emphasis on the analysis of accuracy of individual geometrical parameters of assembly are given, with the aim to find an optimized geometry of experimental arrangement. The feasibility of an easy realization in practice and most importantly achieving satisfactory results of measurements are the important criteria. The conclusion presents the results obtained at concrete measurement with the proposed experimental assembly.
Estimating the Hazard of Ice Accretion in Canada from Climatological Data (1969)

Ice storms are a major hazard which must be considered in structural design in all parts of Canada. The frequencies of occurrence of freezing precipitation are used to obtain a simple index of this hazard. To obtain more quantitative estimates, the total amounts of freezing precipitation in each storm are considered. Since recording gages rarely operate during these storms, the amounts are estimated from hourly weather reports and 6-hr precipitation measurements. The statistical distributions of the estimated annual extremes of ice-storm accretion and of contingent strong winds are examined, but the results are somewhat speculative because of the short duration of the period of analysis and the lack of confirming observations.
A Novel low-latency DBA for Virtualised PON implemented through P4 In-Network Processing (2021)

We present a novel dual-DBA allocation, with a fast P4-enabled scheduler to provide low latency upstream grant allocations. We show latency reduction of 37% and 43%, respectively, compared to standard and virtual PONs.
Linear precoding with low complexity MMSE turbo-equalization and application to the wireless LAN system (2005)

An improved turbo-equalization process is proposed for linear precoding with iterative decoding. Using recent results in turbo-equalization, we derive the equalization coefficients for an optimized preceding decoder thanks to the SINR criterion. The proposed method keeps a low complexity even with large size precoders and high order modulations. Theoretical and simulation results show that full diversity is achieved after three or four iterations over a flat Rayleigh fading channel. An application of this transmission scheme is presented in the context of the OFDM wireless LAN 802.11a. We observe a gain of several decibels compared to the conventional unprecoded transmission scheme.
A Mixed Quantum Chemistry/Machine Learning Approach for the Fast and Accurate Prediction of Biochemical Redox Potentials and Its Large-Scale Application to 315 000 Redox Reactions (2019)

A quantitative understanding of the thermodynamics of biochemical reactions is essential for accurately modeling metabolism. The group contribution method (GCM) is one of the most widely used approaches to estimate standard Gibbs energies and redox potentials of reactions for which no experimental measurements exist. Previous work has shown that quantum chemical predictions of biochemical thermodynamics are a promising approach to overcome the limitations of GCM. However, the quantum chemistry approach is significantly more expensive. Here, we use a combination of quantum chemistry and machine learning to obtain a fast and accurate method for predicting the thermodynamics of biochemical redox reactions. We focus on predicting the redox potentials of carbonyl functional group reductions to alcohols and amines, two of the most ubiquitous carbon redox transformations in biology. Our method relies on semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations calibrated with Gaussian process (GP) regression against available experimental data and results in higher predictive power than the GCM at low computational cost. Direct calibration of GCM and fingerprint-based predictions (without quantum chemistry) with GP regression also results in significant improvements in prediction accuracy, demonstrating the versatility of the approach. We design and implement a network expansion algorithm that iteratively reduces and oxidizes a set of natural seed metabolites and demonstrate the high-throughput applicability of our method by predicting the standard potentials of more than 315 000 redox reactions involving approximately 70 000 compounds. Additionally, we developed a novel fingerprint-based framework for detecting molecular environment motifs that are enriched or depleted across different regions of the redox potential landscape. We provide open access to all source code and data generated.
Platform for Distributed 3D Gaming (2009)

Video games are typically executed on Windows platforms with DirectX API and require high performance CPUs and graphics hardware. For pervasive gaming in various environments like at home, hotels, or internet cafes, it is beneficial to run games also on mobile devices and modest performance CE devices avoiding the necessity of placing a noisy workstation in the living room or costly computers/consoles in each room of a hotel. This paper presents a new cross‐platform approach for distributed 3D gaming in wired/wireless local networks. We introduce the novel system architecture and protocols used to transfer the game graphics data across the network to end devices. Simultaneous execution of video games on a central server and a novel streaming approach of the 3D graphics output to multiple end devices enable the access of games on low cost set top boxes and handheld devices that natively lack the power of executing a game with high‐quality graphical output.