gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P4‐337: A genotype risk score based on Type 2 diabetes risk factors is associated with lower risk for Alzheimer's disease in APOE e4 carriers (2011)

Late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are both common conditions in the elderly and a link between the two disorders has been suggested. Since both AD and T2D have a strong genetic component, we would expect some genes to act directly on one phenotype and through their potential causal relationship to have indirect effects on the other or to impact susceptibility to both diseases via independent mechanisms i.e. have pleiotropic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a genotype score based on the top T2D candidates could predict LOAD risk. 17 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D were genotyped in 3500 Caucasian LOAD patients and controls, 2500 of which had diabetes information available. A genotype risk score (GRS) from the number of risk alleles was created and logistic regression was used to investigate its association with LOAD. Interactions between the GRS and APOE e4 status we used to investigate whether any observed associations were e4 stratum specific. Analyses were repeated for 2500 subjects with T2D info. Adjustment for T2D investigated whether any associations were through T2D status and an interaction with T2D was used to examine T2D stratum specific effects. Six SNPs were associated with LOAD status, but only two of these increased LOAD risk. The GRS score was linearly associated with a decreased risk for AD (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99; p = 0.032 per allele). Also, the OR for LOAD in individuals at the top 5% of allele count distribution against those at the bottom 5% was OR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.096- 0.65, p = 0.005). The association of the GRS with AD risk was independent of T2D status. However, the GRS was associated with decreased LOAD risk in APOE e4 carriers (OR = 0.91; 95% CI from 0.87 to 0.96; p <0.001 per risk allele) but not in non-e4 carriers (OR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.04; p = 0.946) (p = 0.005 for the interaction term). A GRS based on the top T2D candidates was associated with a decreased risk for LOAD in APOE e4 carriers. Such an observation could partly explain why only some e4 carriers have LOAD.
Stress dependent dispersion relations of acoustic waves travelling on a chain of point masses connected by anharmonic linear and torsional springs (2012)

The propagation of a deformation along a flexural beam or plate depends on material properties, geometrical conditions like the beam cross-section, effects of stiffening or softening due to external stress, and last but not least the mode of the wave including its polarization. The time-of-flight (TOF) of acoustic waves is influenced by any of the above listed parameters. This effect is utilized in ultrasonic NDE and structural health monitoring applications. It was shown in earlier publications that the solutions of wave equations for a linear chain model consisting of identical mass points, subject to a direction and distance dependent potential, show the dispersion properties and dependencies on externally applied stress of the lowest longitudinal and transversal plate modes. In the model presented here anharmonic potentials are introduced. The potentials are represented by torsional springs at each mass point and linear springs between them. Dynamic equations are derived, based on interactions with next and second next neighbors. The results obtained with the developed model are compared with experimental observations concerning the reaction of the TOF for the lowest Lamb modes in an aluminum plate under variable in plane stress. The developed models are capable to demonstrate general aspects of the mode and frequency dependence of the acousto-elastic coefficients for the lowest symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb waves. The introduced anharmonicities allow furthermore for a close approximation of the experimental findings.
Structure of the SLy1 SAM homodimer reveals a new interface for SAM domain self-association. (2019)

Sterile alpha motif (SAM) domains are protein interaction modules that are involved in a diverse range of biological functions such as transcriptional and translational regulation, cellular signalling, and regulation of developmental processes. SH3 domain-containing protein expressed in lymphocytes 1 (SLy1) is involved in immune regulation and contains a SAM domain of unknown function. In this report, the structure of the SLy1 SAM domain was solved and revealed that this SAM domain forms a symmetric homodimer through a novel interface. The interface consists primarily of the two long C-terminal helices, α5 and α5', of the domains packing against each other. The dimerization is characterized by a dissociation constant in the lower micromolar range. A SLy1 SAM domain construct with an extended N-terminus containing five additional amino acids of the SLy1 sequence further increases the stability of the homodimer, making the SLy1 SAM dimer two orders of magnitude more stable than previously studied SAM homodimers, suggesting that the SLy1 SAM dimerization is of functional significance. The SLy1 SAM homodimer contains an exposed mid-loop surface on each monomer, which may provide a scaffold for mediating interactions with other SAM domain-containing proteins via a typical mid-loop-end-helix interface.
Perception adaptive temporal TV-noise reduction using contour preserving prefilter techniques (1998)

The reduction of Gaussian noise is still an important task in video systems. For this purpose a spatio-temporal noise reduction scheme for interlaced video is presented. It consists mainly of a subband based temporal recursive filter which makes use of some special properties of the human visual system. This temporal system is supported by a preceding detail preserving spatial filter with low hardware expense, which consists of an image analysing highpass filter bank and an adaptive lowpass FIR-filter for noise reduction. Both the spatial and temporal noise reduction have been evaluated with a large amount of simulations which result in a very good objective and subjective efficiency. Furthermore the chain of both temporal and spatial noise reduction may even yield results which are better than the sum of pure spatial and temporal techniques.
Crosslinguistic Application of English-Centric Rhythm Descriptors in Motor Speech Disorders (2013)

This review presents theoretical and empirical reasons for considering speech rhythm as a critical component of communication deficits in motor speech disorders, and addresses the need for crosslinguistic research to explore language-universal versus language-specific aspects of motor speech disorders.
Structure of repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii D78 and assignment of the K4 gene cluster (2016)

Highlight - Capsule structure from Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate D78 is disclosed.

 - The repeating units is branched and consists of four monosaccharide residues.

 - CPS repeat contains the rare motif (R)-Pyr-(2→4:2→6)-α-d-GalNAc.

 - Biosynthetic genes were consistent with the structure of the repeating unit.

The structure of the K4 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from a multiply antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate D78 was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopical analysis. The K4 repeating unit is composed entirely by aminosugars and the trisaccharide repeating unit of the backbone polysaccharide is branched with a terminal N-acetyl-galactosamine capped with pyruvate as cyclic acetal. Each residue is in the pyranose form, α configured at the anomeric center, and has the D absolute configuration. The genes responsible for the synthesis of the K4 repeat unit and its polymerization and export are found in the capsule locus KL4 present in D78. The pyruvate acetal addition to galactosamine is formed by Ptr1, a novel pyruvate transferase, encoded at this locus.
Investigation of a Quantum Dot Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Towards THz Frequency Generation (2017)

Nous proposons un nouveau type de dispositif photonique permettant de concevoir une source laser bi-frequence unique, combinant a la fois haute finesse spectrale, faible bruit et haute puissance, en vue de beneficier de frequence de battement dans le regime THz. L'originalite reside dans l'utilisation conjointe d'une architecture de type VECSEL (Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) et d'une zone active a boites quantiques InAs/InP, presentant un gain avec un fort caractere inhomogene. Son developpement s'appuie sur des caracterisations spectroscopiques (photoluminescence, saturation du gain) et structurales dont nous presentons les resultats preliminaires.
Effect of the Growth Regulator Proxy on Creeping Bentgrass Fairway Turf (2000)

Abstract Proxy is a newly-labeled plant growth regulator (PGR) for use on golf course and commercial turfgrass areas. Four rates of Proxy (ethephon), 2.3, 3.6, 4.6, and 9.1 kg ai/ha (2.0, 3.2, 4.1, and 8.2 lb ai/A,) were compared to Primo (trinexapac-ethyl) at 1.0 kg ai/ha (0.9 lb ai/A) and an untreated control for clipping reduction and effects on aesthetics of creeping bentgrass maintained as fairway turf. Treatments were applied three times at 28-day intervals during 1998 at locations in Indiana and Wisconsin. Proxy was as effective at reducing clipping yields as Primo, although the magnitude of effects varied between the two locations. In general, Proxy was more likely to reduce turf quality and color than Primo. All rates of Proxy reduced clipping weights similarly, but low rates were less likely to reduce color or quality ratings. Turf density was not affected by Proxy or Primo. Effects of Proxy on creeping bentgrass occurred within two weeks after application and generally dissipated within four weeks, whereas Primo effects occurred within one week after application and generally dissipated within three weeks. Turf quality was occasionally reduced following application of Proxy.
A 1.78 μJ and 285fs Yb:CaF2SESAM-modelocked thin-disk oscillator (2016)

We present a SESAM-modelocked Yb:CaF<sub>2</sub> thin-disk laser designed for pulse durations below 300 fs and high peak powers of more than 5 MW. A cavity for fundamental mode operation (beam quality factor M<sup>2</sup> below 1.2) was set up and modelocked using a SESAM. An average output power of up to 17.8 W was obtained at a repetition-rate of 10 MHz, corresponding to a pulse energy of approximately 1.8 &mu;J. The pulse duration was measured to be 285 fs, therefore a peak power of 5.5 MW was attained. Our research enables a comparison of the potential of Yb:CaF2 with other Yb-doped crystals with broad gain bandwidth in thin-disk laser technology. We conclude from our results that this gain material is very promising for high pulse energies and high peak powers.
Remote Sensing and GIS Methods in Urban Disaster Monitoring and Management – An Overview (2019)

Disasters, whether natural or man induced have increased during the last decades in frequency all over the globe threatening a huge population within varied backgrounds. Over the years, remote sensing technologies have been functional in various disasters such as droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, etc. Its large area coverage capacity and observation repeatability makes its application cost effective. This paper tries to give the fundamental contributions and role of geographic information systems and remote sensing in disaster management applications. As an overview, it examines some recent practical application in disaster events. It also tries to look at some measurement characteristics and systems that have been applied to some disaster events within the disaster management framework and technologies. These various techniques and roles of remote sensing and geographic information systems in urban disaster monitoring and controlling, extends to disaster risk management using some sensors and satellites of emerging technologies. This discussion summarises in a single paper some of the many current techniques remote sensing and GIS employ in urban disaster management. Lessons from events can be drawn and implemented in similar scenarios to save lives and property.
Identification of the Cultivable Bacteria in Dental Plaque from the Beagle Dog (1976)

Fifteen different genera of microorganisms were isolated from the 27-month-old plaque of two beagle dogs. They were as follows: Pseudomonas, Proteus, Neisseria, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Microbacterium, Brevibacterium, Arthrobacter, and Kurthia. The dog plaque was characterized by a low number of streptococci and the presence of several noncarbohydrate-fermenting organisms.
Activity Measurements in Water and Clay‐Water Systems With Tertiary Electrodes (1960)

Abstract A tertiary amalgam electrode was utilized in the measurement of CaCl 2 and Ca ++ activities. Activity coefficients from electromotive force data compared favorably with those in the literature. The relative influence of various metal ion salts on the CaCl 2 and Ca ++ activities followed the sequence Rb ≥ Mg &gt; K &gt; Na &gt; Li for both kaolinite and Wyoming bentonite. The activities of CaCl 2 and Ca ++ in bentonite‐kaolinite mixtures differed from predicted activity values based on pure clay systems.
Lebenszyklusorientierte modellbasierte Entwicklung (2015)

Mechatronische Fertigungssysteme sind gepragt von einer hohen Komplexitat durch das enge Zusammenspiel der Komponenten verschiedener Diziplinen, gepaart mit immer kurzeren Lebenszyklen. Eine weitere Herausforderung ergibt sich durch die Varianten bestehender Systeme, die durch Anderungen wahrend des Lebenszyklus entstehen. Um diesen Anforderungen zu begegnen, wird in diesem Beitrag ein SysML-basierter Modellierungsansatz vorgestellt, der es ermoglicht, die interdisziplinaren Abhangigkeiten der Komponenten bei der Entwicklung zu analysieren und Anderungsauswirkungen zu berucksichtigen.
Early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in very-low-birth-weight infants with small thymus at birth (2008)

Our data indicated the presence of a previously unrecognized, early activation of the HPA axis in VLBW newborns with a small thymus at birth.
Automated Detection of Malarial Retinopathy-Associated Retinal Hemorrhages (2012)

The method provides an automated means of detecting retinal hemorrhages associated with malarial retinopathy. The results matched well with the reference standard. With further development, this technique may provide automated assistance for screening and quantification of malarial retinopathy.
Variational multiframe stereo in the presence of specular reflections (2003)

We consider the problem of estimating the surface of an object from a calibrated set of views under the assumption that the reflectance of the object is non-Lambertian. In particular, we consider the case when the object presents sharp specular reflections. We pose the problem within a variational framework and use fast numerical techniques to approach the local minimum of a regularized cost functional.
A cognitive computational model of eye movements investigating visual strategies on textual material (2011)

This article presents a computational model of the visual strategies involved in processing textual material.An experiment is presented in which participants performed different tasks on a multi-paragraph page (searching a target word, searching the most relevant paragraph according to a goal, memorizing paragraphs).The proposed model predicts eye movements based on 5 parameters.The weighting of parameters is determined for each task by means of a multidimensional comparison of participant and artificial scanpaths.
Anti–β2-microglobulin monoclonal antibodies induce apoptosis in myeloma cells by recruiting MHC class I to and excluding growth and survival cytokine receptors from lipid rafts (2007)

We recently showed that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) have a remarkably strong apoptotic effect on myeloma cells. The mAbs induced apoptosis by recruiting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I to lipid rafts, activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Growth and survival cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which could protect myeloma cells from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, did not affect mAb-mediated cell death. This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying anti-beta2M mAb-induced PI3K/Akt and ERK inhibition and the inability of IL-6 and IGF-I to protect myeloma cells from mAb-induced apoptosis. We focused on lipid rafts and confirmed that these membrane microdomains are required for IL-6 and IGF-I signaling. By recruiting MHC class I into lipid rafts, anti-beta2M mAbs excluded IL-6 and IGF-I receptors and their substrates from the rafts. The mAbs not only redistributed the receptors in cell membrane, but also abrogated IL-6- or IGF-I-mediated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3), PI3K/Akt, and Ras/Raf/ERK pathway signaling, which are otherwise constitutively activated in myeloma cells. Thus, this study further defines the tumoricidal mechanism of the mAbs and provides strong evidence to support the potential of these mAbs as therapeutic agents for myeloma.
Treatments for chronic palmoplantar pustular psoriasis. (2001)

Chronic palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPP) is a disabling condition characterized by recurrent crops of sterile pustules on a background of erythema, fissuring and scaling. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its etiology. Topical treatments are frequently ineffective although corticosteroids under hydrocolloid occlusion have been demonstrated to be useful. There is evidence supporting the use of systemic retinoids, PUVA and a combination of both. Oral tetracycline antibiotics may be helpful, but rarely clear PPP. Cyclosporine has been shown to be of some benefit at low doses. The choice of systemic treatments for an individual patient is influenced as much by their potential side effects as by differences in efficacy.
Using drones as reference sensors for neural-networks-based modeling of automotive perception errors (2020)

Modeling perception errors of automated vehicles requires reference data, but common reference measurement methods either cannot capture uninstructed road users or suffer from vehicle-vehicle-occlusions. Therefore, we propose a method based on a camera-equipped drone hovering over the field of view of the perception system that is to be modeled. From recordings of this advantageous perspective, computer vision algorithms extract object tracks suited as reference. As a proof of concept of our approach, we create and analyze a phenomenological error model of a lidar-based sensor system. From eight hours of simultaneous traffic recordings at an intersection, we extract synchronized state vectors of associated true-positive vehicle tracks. We model the deviations of the full lidar state vectors from the reference as multivariate Gaussians. The dependency of their covariance matrices and mean vectors on the reference state vector is modeled by a fully-connected neural network. By customizing the network training procedure and losses, we are able to achieve consistent results even in sparsely populated areas of the state space. Finally, we show that time dependencies of errors can be considered separately during sampling by an autoregressive model.
Single switch dual output DC-DC converter control strategy (2003)

The authors present a development and control strategy for a single-switch dual-output DC-DC converter. The control strategy is based on discrete proportional feedback control. This control regulates two independent output voltages derived from a single DC voltage source using one power semiconductor switch. One output voltage, supplied from a low-pass filter, is regulated by controlling the duty cycle of the switch, while the other output voltage, supplied from a higher-frequency bandpass filter, is controlled by the switching frequency. The converter control is implemented around a 16-bit microcontroller and external-switching-element control logic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A simulation based approach for dock allocation in a food distribution center (2008)

This research endeavor focused on the warehouse receiving process at a large food distribution center, which comprises of trucks with goods reaching the destination warehouse, unloading and finally putting away the contents to the specific aisles. Discrete event simulation was used to model the current system?s functioning and to identify operational inefficiencies which were quantified through a detailed value stream mapping exercise. Inspired by `lean? philosophy, a dock allocation algorithm was designed to take into account the relationship between the dock location and the destination aisle to `optimally? assign the trucks to the docks. After validating the baseline, new scenarios incorporating the allocation algorithm were tested. Two of the scenarios showed an average reduction of 30% in daily travel distance for the `put-away? personnel. The simulation model also helped visualize the benefits that would accrue through the use of lean principles to reduce the non-value added time in warehouse operations.
Large Scale Laboratory Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitor Containing Emulsion Placement in Wells (2003)

Abstract Accurate placement of emulsions containing formulated inhibitors in the casing-tubing annulus can provide more effective and long term well treatment than the standard batch methods. This paper presents the results of experimental investigation and correlation of experimental data based on a large-scale model well constructed to simulate flow within the typical well annulus. The wellhead and bottom hole assemblies were designed to closely simulate those found in producing oil and gas fields. Various chemicals were injected at the wellhead to flow through the annulus, to determine the role of viscosity, density, and surface tension, which were then followed by brine flush. The flow of emulsion and flush through the annulus was recorded at fixed positions and with mobile cameras. The observation and identification of the flow patterns during the treatment was made. A set of pins was inserted into the casing wall. This allowed the measurement of thickness of the emulsion coating the annular surface. The surface area coated by the emulsion was traced and measured. Downhole emulsion delivery was thus determined by performing the emulsion material balance. The amount of emulsion retained in the system is based on deposited chemical thickness, coated surface area and concentration of chemical in the annular fluids after the tests. The results were correlated using dimensionless groups to allow extrapolation to well depths encountered in a typical oilfield production. The effectiveness of emulsion delivery and the flow patterns in the annulus were determined to strongly depend on the application type and conditions.
FDDI-a new standard for high speed fiber optic data networks (2003)

Standards for a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) are being approved. This 100 Mb/s optical communications network uses packet switching and a token protocol. Work has begun on a companion standard, FDDI-II, a hybrid network designed to support both isochronous circuit switching and packet switching. A description is given of the network topology, fiber-optic transmission, data transmission, ring operation, network initialization, and FDDI-II hybrid operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>