gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic Cryptosporidium parvum Infections in Congenitally Immunodeficient SCID and Nude Mice (1991)

Severe combined immune deficient (SCID) and athymic National Institutes of Health (NIH)-III (bg/nu/xid) mice were evaluated for susceptibility to Cryptosporidium parvum infections as neonates and as adults after challenge with inocula of 5 x 10(4) and 1 x 10(6) oocysts/mouse, respectively. SCID and NIH-III nude mice developed chronic infections that persisted over 12 weeks. Cryptosporidial organisms were observed in the small and large intestines of all mice. Colonization of the gallbladder and hepatobiliary duct epithelium occurred in a majority of the NIH-III nude mice and a smaller number of the SCID mice. Severe infections in both mouse strains were associated with clinical deterioration followed by death. Signs in these mice included dehydration, icterus, and emaciation. Deaths apparently resulted from hepatic dysfunction. Control mice experienced transient infections with no clinical signs. Immunodeficient mice should prove useful in studies of disease pathogenesis and in evaluating potential anticryptosporidial agents.
A Fault Diagnosis Method Based on CFPN Model (2016)

In traditional FPN model,the matrix operations are too excessive and it does not meet the requirements of real-time in fault diagnosis system.The paper has improved the FPN model and proposed a CFPN(Controlled Fuzzy Petri Net) modeling method.This method has added controlled place in FPN and improved the design method of control arc of the control place.The method is based on the principle of p-and it enables to simplify the logic of FPN fault diagnosis.That can reduce the matrix computation in FPN fault diagnosis reasoning to improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis.This paper has applied the method in the distillation column fault diagnosis system and verified the applicability and effectiveness of fault diagnosis method based on CFPN model.
Is a PhD in Chemistry Worth the Effort? - Revisited (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentaryNEXTIs a PhD in Chemistry Worth the Effort? - RevisitedMark L. Dietz Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 1, 41Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1995Published inissue 1 January 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ed072p41RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1703Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Virtual Reality in Neurointervention. (2018)

This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing VR for preprocedural evaluation in patients with anatomically complex neurovascular disorders. This novel visualization approach may serve as a valuable adjunct tool in deciding patient-specific treatment plans and selection of devices prior to intervention.
Visualization of Chlorine Evolution at Dimensionally Stable Anodes by Means of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2011)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been used to detect and visualize the local electrocatalytic activity of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) for Cl(2) evolution from brine. The sample generation-tip collection (SG-TC) mode of SECM shows limitations arising from complications connected with the reduction of Cl(2) at the SECM tip due to the presence of a significant amount of nondissolved Cl(2) gas. Because only dissolved Cl(2) can be electrochemically reduced at the tip, a large amount of the Cl(2) gas which is produced at active spots of the DSA is not detected. Additionally, a decrease of the cathodic current at the tip may occur owing to the adhesion of gas bubbles and blocking of the electrode surface. To overcome this limitation, the redox competition mode of SECM was extended and applied to the local visualization of Cl(2) evolution from highly concentrated brine solutions. High concentrations of Cl(2) produced at the sample can cause inhibition of the same reaction at the tip by accumulation of Cl(2) in the proximity of the SECM tip. In this way the tip current is decreased, which can be used as a measure for the catalytic activity of the sample underneath the tip.
Polymerization of Benzene to p-Polyphenyl by Aluminum Chloride-Cupric Chloride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of Benzene to p-Polyphenyl by Aluminum Chloride-Cupric ChloridePeter. Kovacic and Alexander. KyriakisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 4, 454–458Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00887a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00887a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1845Altmetric-Citations405LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure‐Guided Design of a Group B Streptococcus Type III Synthetic Glycan–Conjugate Vaccine (2020)

Identification of glycan functional epitopes is of paramount importance for rational design of glycoconjugate vaccines. We recently mapped the structural epitope of the capsular polysaccharide from type III Group B Streptococcus (GBSIII), a major cause of invasive disease in newborns, by using a dimer fragment (composed of two pentasaccharide repeating units) obtained by depolymerization complexed with a protective mAb. Although reported data had suggested a highly complex epitope contained in a helical structure composed of more than four repeating units, we showed that such dimer conjugated to a carrier protein with a proper glycosylation degree elicited functional antibodies comparably to the full-length conjugated polysaccharide. Here, starting from the X-ray crystallographic structure of the polysaccharide fragment-mAb complex, we synthesized a hexasaccharide comprising exclusively the relevant positions involved in binding. Combining competitive surface plasmon resonance and saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy as well as in-silico modeling, we demonstrated that this synthetic glycan was recognized by the mAb similarly to the dimer. The hexasaccharide conjugated to CRM<sub>197</sub> , a mutant of diphtheria toxin, elicited a robust functional immune response that was not inferior to the polysaccharide conjugate, indicating that it may suffice as a vaccine antigen. This is the first evidence of an X-ray crystallography-guided design of a synthetic carbohydrate-based conjugate vaccine.
Localized Heating for Building Energy Efficiency (2013)

Commercial and residential buildings account for a large share of any country's energy consumption (e.g., 40% of total energy consumption in the United States). Within buildings, a major portion of the expended energy is used to provide heating and cooling. However, most buildings are heated and cooled regardless of the occupants' locations, presenting a significant opportunity for improving their energy efficiency. Zonal heating and cooling systems eliminate some of this waste, but are still limited by the large granularity of zones (e.g., floors of a building). In this paper, we propose a localized heating system that significantly reduces energy consumption due to heating. Our system utilizes radiant heaters to provide directed heat to occupants and enables the temperature setting in the central heating system to be lowered, resulting in significant net energy savings. To appropriately direct radiant heating, our system utilizes a minimally-intrusive indoor positioning system capable of locating the occupants. We analyze the heating energy and cost savings achievable from the proposed system using a representative set of building models in the EnergyPlus simulation framework. Our analysis indicates that the proposed localized heating system can provide average savings of 52% in heating energy (maximum of 76%) and 46% in heating cost (maximum of 59%) when compared to a system that uses central heating alone. Our results highlight the potential of localized heating techniques in enhancing building energy efficiency.
Piperazin-2,5-diones N,N'-substituted. III. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of some 1-aryl-4-arylidene (or heteroarylidene)aminopiperazin-2,5-dione derivatives. (1987)

The synthesis, antimicrobial and antitumor activities of new N,N'-substituted-2,5-dioxopiperazine derivatives are reported. The biological investigation showed that only the compounds containing the 5-nitrofurylidene moiety were active against some bacteria. All tested compounds showed no significant antitumor activity against lymphocytic murine leukemia P 388.
Risk of rheumatoid arthritis development in patients with unclassified arthritis according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

A proportion of 2010 UA patients progress to RA. ACPA and the Leiden prediction rule are not useful in identifying these patients. These results imply that other predictive markers should be developed for 2010 UA patients.
Probabilistic Mixed Topological Map for Categorical and Continuous Data (2008)

This paper introduces a new probabilistic topological map as generative model that includes mixture of Gaussian and Bernoulli distribution. This model is dedicated to cluster mixed data with continuous and categorical variables. This model is fitted by maximum likelihood using the EM algorithm. Examples using real data set allow to validate our model. The proposed approach has the advantage comparing to existing topological map of providing a set of prototype with the same coding as the learning data. More information is produced with this model that could be used in practical applications.
Antagonistic regulation of F-BAR protein assemblies controls actin polymerization during podosome formation (2013)

FBP17, an F-BAR domain protein, has emerged as a crucial factor linking the plasma membrane to WASP-mediated actin polymerization. Although it is well established that FBP17 has a powerful self-polymerizing ability that promotes actin nucleation on membranes in vitro, knowledge of inhibitory factors that counteract this activity in vivo is limited. Here, we demonstrate that the assembly of FBP17 on the plasma membranes is antagonized by PSTPIP2, another F-BAR protein implicated in auto-inflammatory disorder. Knockdown of PSTPIP2 in macrophage promotes the assembly of FBP17 as well as subsequent actin nucleation at podosomes, resulting in an enhancement of matrix degradation. This phenotype is rescued by expression of PSTPIP2 in a manner dependent on its F-BAR domain. Time-lapse total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy observations reveal that the self-assembly of FBP17 at the podosomal membrane initiates actin polymerization, whereas the clustering of PSTPIP2 has an opposite effect. Biochemical analysis and live-cell imaging show that PSTPIP2 inhibits actin polymerization by competing with FBP17 for assembly at artificial as well as the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the assembly of FBP17 is dependent on WASP, and its dissociation by WASP inhibition strongly induces a self-organization of PSTPIP2 at podosomes. Thus, our data uncover a previously unappreciated antagonism between different F-BAR domain assemblies that determines the threshold of actin polymerization for the formation of functional podosomes and may explain how the absence of PSTPIP2 causes auto-inflammatory disorder.
<title>Application of the ImSyn processor to acoustic tomography</title> (1995)

Diffraction tomography for medical ultrasound imaging provides increased resolution over conventional pulse-echo ultrasound. This paper describes the generation of ultrasound tomographic images using the Essex ImSyn<SUP>TM</SUP> optical processor. Capabilities include spatial resolutions to as fine as one quarter of the sensing wavelength and a high dynamic range of up to 80 dB. The magnification, field of view, and dynamic range are electronically controllable. High resolution images of an experimental test structure are presented.
Expression of several components of the plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase systems in endometriosis (2003)

The increase in antigenic levels of uPA and MMP-3 in endometrium of women with endometriosis might contribute to the invasive potential of endometrial cells. Once the ovarian endometriotic cyst is developed, an increase in PAI-1 and TIMP-1 is detected and significant proteolytic activity is no longer observed. This increase in inhibitors and decrease in proteolytic activity could explain the frequent clinical finding of isolated endometriotic cyst without invasion of the surrounding ovarian tissue.
Effects of Detergents on Erythrocyte Membranes: Different Patterns of Solubilization of the Membrane Proteins by Dihydroxy and Trihydroxy Bile Salts (1975)

Conference Article| October 01 1975 Effects of Detergents on Erythrocyte Membranes: Different Patterns of Solubilization of the Membrane Proteins by Dihydroxy and Trihydroxy Bile Salts ROGER COLEMAN; ROGER COLEMAN 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE HOLDSWORTH GEORGE HOLDSWORTH 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1975) 3 (5): 747–748. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030747 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ROGER COLEMAN, GEORGE HOLDSWORTH; Effects of Detergents on Erythrocyte Membranes: Different Patterns of Solubilization of the Membrane Proteins by Dihydroxy and Trihydroxy Bile Salts. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1975; 3 (5): 747–748. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030747 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Regulation of CNS synapses by neuronal MHC class I (2007)

Until recently, neurons in the healthy brain were considered immune-privileged because they did not appear to express MHC class I (MHCI). However, MHCI mRNA was found to be regulated by neural activity in the developing visual system and has been detected in other regions of the uninjured brain. Here we show that MHCI regulates aspects of synaptic function in response to activity. MHCI protein is colocalized postsynaptically with PSD-95 in dendrites of hippocampal neurons. In vitro, whole-cell recordings of hippocampal neurons from beta2m/TAP1 knockout (KO) mice, which have reduced MHCI surface levels, indicate a 40% increase in mini-EPSC (mEPSC) frequency. mEPSC frequency is also increased 100% in layer 4 cortical neurons. Similarly, in KO hippocampal cultures, there is a modest increase in the size of presynaptic boutons relative to WT, whereas postsynaptic parameters (PSD-95 puncta size and mEPSC amplitude) are normal. In EM of intact hippocampus, KO synapses show a corresponding increase in vesicles number. Finally, KO neurons in vitro fail to respond normally to TTX treatment by scaling up synaptic parameters. Together, these results suggest that postsynaptically localized MHCl acts in homeostatic regulation of synaptic function and morphology during development and in response to activity blockade. The results also imply that MHCI acts retrogradely across the synapse to translate activity into lasting change in structure.
Using a Novel Dual Fluorescence Quenching Assay for Measurement of Tryptophan Depth within Lipid Bilayers To Determine Hydrophobic α-Helix Locations within Membranes (2003)

A novel fluorescence method for determining the depth of Trp residues in membrane-inserted polypeptides is introduced. Quenching of Trp by acrylamide and 10-doxylnonadecane (10-DN) was used to measure Trp depth. Transmembrane helices with Trp residues at varying positions (and thus locating at different depths in lipid bilayers) were used to calibrate the method. It was found that acrylamide quenches Trp close to the bilayer surface more strongly than it quenches deeply buried Trp, while 10-DN quenches Trp close to the center of the bilayer more strongly than Trp close to the surface. The ratio of acrylamide quenching to that of 10-DN was found to be nearly linearly dependent on the depth of Trp in a membrane. It was also found that it was possible to detect coexisting shallowly and deeply inserted populations of Trp-containing polypeptides using these quenchers. In the presence of such mixed populations, acrylamide induced large blue shifts in fluorescence emission lambda(max) whereas 10-DN induced large red shifts. In a more homogeneous population quencher-induced shifts were found to be minimal. Dual quencher analysis can be used to distinguish hydrophobic helices with a transmembrane orientation from those located close to the bilayer surface and, when applied to a number of different peptides, revealed novel aspects of hydrophobic helix behavior.
Smoothed analysis of componentwise condition numbers for sparse matrices (2013)

We perform a smoothed analysis of the componentwise condition numbers for determinant computation, matrix inversion, and linear equations solving for sparse n times n matrices. The bounds we obtain for the ex- pectations of the logarithm of these condition numbers are, in all three cases, of the order O(log n). As a consequence, small bounds on the smoothed loss of accuracy for triangular linear systems follow.
Crystal structure of [propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-diyl)]bis[(pyridin-4-yl)methanone]–isophthalic acid (1/1) (2014)

In the crystal structure of the title co-crystal, C25H32N4O2·C8H6O4, isophthalic acid and [propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-di-yl)]bis-(pyridin-4-yl-methanone) mol-ecules are connected into supra-molecular chains aligned along the c axis by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonding. These aggregate into supra-molecular layers oriented parallel to the ac plane by C-H⋯O inter-actions. These layers then stack in an ABCD pattern along the b-axis direction by additional C-H⋯O inter-actions to give the full three-dimensional crystal structure. The central chain in the di-pyridyl-amide molecule has an anti-gauche conformation.
Nitrogenated holey two-dimensional structures (2015)

Recent graphene research has triggered enormous interest in new two-dimensional ordered crystals constructed by the inclusion of elements other than carbon for bandgap opening. The design of new multifunctional two-dimensional materials with proper bandgap has become an important challenge. Here we report a layered two-dimensional network structure that possesses evenly distributed holes and nitrogen atoms and a C2N stoichiometry in its basal plane. The two-dimensional structure can be efficiently synthesized via a simple wet-chemical reaction and confirmed with various characterization techniques, including scanning tunnelling microscopy. Furthermore, a field-effect transistor device fabricated using the material exhibits an on/off ratio of 10(7), with calculated and experimental bandgaps of approximately 1.70 and 1.96 eV, respectively. In view of the simplicity of the production method and the advantages of the solution processability, the C2N-h2D crystal has potential for use in practical applications.
Poly‐α‐ester degradation studies. II. Thermal degradation of poly(isopropylidene carboxylate) (1973)

Abstract The thermal degradation of poly(isopropylidene carboxylate) has been studied over the temperature range 200–800°C by using the kinetic and analytical techniques described in Part I of this series. Over a wide range of temperature, tetramethyl glycollide, acetone, carbon monoxide, and, to a lesser extent, methacrylic acid are observed when the products are rapidly swept away from the reaction zone. As decomposition temperature is increased, tetramethyl glycollide takes on the role of an intermediate, the more stable products carbon monoxide and acetone being formed from it. At the highest temperature examined, carbon monoxide begins to predominate, and its formation is accompanied by formation of small amounts of a carbonaceous residue. When the reaction products are allowed to remain in the reaction zone, which is possible at the lower end of the temperature range, methacrylic acid becomes the major product. This is interpreted as a dual decomposition route, involving the tetramethyl glycollide intermediate. Kinetic studies have shown that the decomposition is a first‐order process and that the first‐order rate constant k is related to temperature ( T ) by the expression: The results are interpreted in terms of an intramolecular ester interchange process involving tetramethyl glycollide as the primary decomposition product.