gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic, high precision targeting of growth modulating agents is able to trigger pollen tube growth reorientation (2014)

The pollen tube is the most rapidly growing cell in the plant kingdom and has the function to deliver the sperm cells for fertilization. The growing tip region of the cell behaves in a chemotropic manner to respond to the guidance cues emitted by the pistil and the female gametophyte, but how it perceives and responds to these directional triggers is virtually unknown. Quantitative assessment of chemotropic behavior can greatly be enhanced by the administration of pharmacological or other biologically active agents at subcellular precision, which is a technical challenge when the target area moves as it grows. We developed a laminar flow based microfluidic device that allows for continuous administration of two different solutions with a movable interface that permits the dynamic targeting of the growing pollen tube apex over prolonged periods of time. Asymmetric administration of calcium revealed that rather than following the highest calcium concentration as would be expected with simple chemotropic behavior, the pollen tube of Camellia targets an optimal concentration suggesting the presence of two superimposed mechanisms. Subcellular application of pectin methyl esterase (PME), an enzyme that modifies the growth behavior by rigidifying the pollen tube cell wall, caused the tube to turn away from the agent - providing important evidence for a previously proposed conceptual model of the growth mechanism.
Women with Cervicovaginal Antibody‐Dependent Cell‐Mediated Cytotoxicity Have Lower Genital HIV‐1 RNA Loads (2004)

Antibodies that mediate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) are present in the cervical fluid of many HIV-positive women; however, the role that these antibodies play in host defense against HIV is not known. To understand the contribution of ADCC in cervical secretions as a protective mechanism against HIV, we evaluated ADCC titers in paired serum and cervical-lavage (CVL) samples from >300 HIV-1-positive women who participated in the multicenter Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative Study 009. The present study demonstrates that women with CVL ADCC activity had lower genital viral loads than did women with serum ADCC activity only. Women with CVL ADCC activity were likely to have HIV-1 gp120-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, but not IgA, in their cervical fluid. This finding suggests that specific IgG in cervical fluid can mediate ADCC activity that inversely correlates with genital viral load.
Counting a stationary crowd using off-the-shelf wifi (2021)

In this paper, we are interested in the problem of counting a crowd of stationary people (i.e., seated) using a pair of WiFi transceivers. While the people in the crowd are stationary, i.e. with no major body motion except breathing, people do not stay still for a long period of time and frequently engage in small in-place body motions called fidgets (e.g., adjusting their seating position, crossing their legs, checking their phones, etc). In this paper, we propose that the aggregate natural fidgeting and in-place motions of a stationary crowd carry crucial information on the crowd count. We then mathematically characterize the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of the crowd fidgeting and silent periods (which we can extract from the received WiFi signal) and show their dependency on the total number of people in the area. In developing our mathematical models, we show how our problem of interest resembles a several-decade-old M/G/∞ queuing theory problem, which allows us to borrow mathematical tools from the literature on M/G/∞ queues. We extensively validate our proposed approach with a total of 47 experiments in four different environments (including through-wall settings), in which up to and including N = 10 people are seated. We further test our system in different scenarios, and with different activities, representing various engagement levels of the crowd, such as attending a lecture, watching a movie, and reading. Moreover, we test our proposed system with different number of people seated in several different configurations. Our evaluation results show that our proposed approach achieves a very high counting accuracy, with the estimated number of people being only 0 or 1 off from the true number 96.3% of the time in non-through-wall settings, and 90% of the time in through-wall settings. Our results show the potential of our proposed framework for crowd counting in real-world scenarios.
THE ADVERSE IMPACT OF HIGH CYCLOSPORINE (1993)

The influence of cyclosporine pharmacokinetic parameters on clinical events and outcome after transplantation was studied in 100 renal transplant recipients who underwent a pre- as well as posttransplant CsA pharmacokinetic evaluation. Among the patients, 30 were black and 50 were white. Black recipients had significantly lower bioavailability (F) pre- as well as posttransplantation than white recipients, the posttransplant mean F values being 25.8 +/- 9.0% and 38.1 +/- 16.7%, respectively (P < 0.002). The posttransplant CsA clearance rate (CL) and oral clearance (clearance/bioavailability; CLoral) were significantly higher in patients who had acute rejection than in those who did not, with CL mean values of 425 +/- 141 ml/min and 359 +/- 131 ml/min, respectively (P < 0.02). The initial posttransplant F was significantly lower, and the CLoral higher in patients who eventually lost their grafts than in those who did not, the mean F values being 26.5 +/- 12.8% and 38.7 +/- 17.5%, respectively (P < 0.002). Thus, several important relationships between CsA pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical events following renal transplantation were documented. The CLoral decreased during the first 3 months after transplantation (P < 0.0001), but it was stable thereafter. Neither the bioavailability nor the clearance of CsA showed a correlation with administered dose. These results indicate that certain recipient groups, such as black patients, and individuals with rapid CL, may benefit from larger CsA doses and/or shorter dosage intervals, in order to compensate for these interpatient variabilities.
Lycopene, Tomato Products, and Prostate Cancer Incidence: A Review and Reassessment in the PSA Screening Era (2012)

Lycopene has been proposed to protect against prostate cancer through various properties including decreased lipid oxidation, inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, and most notably potent antioxidant properties. Epidemiologic studies on the association between lycopene and prostate cancer incidence have yielded mixed results. Detection of an association has been complicated by unique epidemiologic considerations including the measurement of lycopene and its major source in the diet, tomato products, and assessment of prostate cancer incidence and progression. Understanding this association has been further challenging in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening era. PSA screening has increased the detection of prostate cancer, including a variety of relatively indolent cancers. This paper examines the lycopene and prostate cancer association in light of epidemiologic methodologic issues with particular emphasis on the effect of PSA screening on this association.
Discovering rules for fault management (2002)

At the heart of the Internet revolution is global telecommunication systems. These systems, initially designed for voice traffic, provide the vast backbone bandwidth capabilities necessary for Internet traffic. They have built-in redundancy and complexity to ensure robustness and quality of service. To facilitate this, requires complex fault identification and management systems. Fault identification and management is generally handled by reducing the amount of alarm events (symptoms) presented to the operating engineer through monitoring, filtering and masking. The ultimate goal is to determine and present the actual underlying fault. While en-route to automated fault identification, it is useful to derive rules and techniques to attempt to present less symptoms with greater diagnostic assistance. With these objectives in mind, computer-assisted human discovery and human-assisted computer discovery techniques are discussed.
The status of theoretical K‐shell ionization cross sections by protons (2005)

Abstract The accuracy of PIXE analysis depends on inner‐shell ionization cross sections that are often calculated in the ECPSSR theory which accounts with analytical functions for the energy (E) loss and Coulomb (C) deflection of the projectile plus for the perturbed‐stationary state (PSS) and relativistic (R) nature of the target's inner shell. Although the ECPSSR is within 10% overall agreement with the K‐shell data—as the proton energy falls below 0.1 to 1 MeV, respectively, in ionization of light‐ to heavy‐target atoms—the ECPSSR increasingly overestimates the empirical database of Paul and Sacher (1989). Except for an enhancement of this overestimate at low energies, a modified ECPSSR based on the Chen–Crasemann (1985, 1989) plane wave Born approximation—evaluated with the exact limits for the momentum transfers and the Dirac–Hartree–Slater wavefunctions—yields cross sections that remain within 10% of the data and the ECPSSR theory. Codes that use only the exact limits instead of the energy‐loss function are confirmed to be improper for evaluation of the ECPSSR. Further enhancement of the cross sections at the low energies is limited to light target atoms after the function derived in the separated atom approach to account for the PSS effect is joined with an expression obtained in the united atom limit. An empirical database, updated with cross sections from post‐1989 publications, is normalized to the modified ECPSSR theory and various forms of the Coulomb deflection factor are revisited. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Two-Color 810 nm STED Nanoscopy of Living Cells with Endogenous SNAP-Tagged Fusion Proteins (2017)

A 810 nm STED nanoscopy setup and an appropriate combination of two fluorescent dyes (Si-rhodamine 680SiR and carbopyronine 610CP) have been developed for near-IR live-cell super-resolution imaging. Vimentin endogenously tagged using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach with the SNAP tag, together with a noncovalent tubulin label, provided reliable and cell-to-cell reproducible dual-color confocal and STED imaging of the cytoskeleton in living cells.
On the evolutionary origin of the plant mitochondrion and its genome (1989)

Higher plants occupy very different positions in the mitochondrial and nuclear lineages of global phylogenetic trees based on conserved regions of small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA sequences. In the nuclear subtree, plants branch off late, at a position reflecting a massive radiation of the major multicellular (and some unicellular) groups; in the mitochondrial subtree, in contrast, plants branch off early, near the point of connection between the mitochondrial and eubacterial lineages. Moreover, in the nuclear lineage, plants branch together with the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, whereas in the mitochondrial lineage (in both SSU and LSU trees), metaphytes and chlorophyte branch separately. Statistical evaluation indicates that the anomalous branching position of higher plants in the mitochondrial lineage is not a treeing artifact attributable to the relatively rapid rate of sequence divergence of non-plant mitochondrial rRNA sequences. In considering alternative biological explanations for these results, we are led to propose that the rRNA genes in plant mitochondria may be of more recent evolutionary origin than the rRNA genes in other mitochondria. This proposal has implications for monophyletic vs. polyphyletic scenarios of mitochondrial origin and is consistent with other evidence indicating that plant mtDNA is an evolutionary mosaic.
The RED Fouling Monitor: A novel tool for fouling analysis (2018)

RED is a technology for harvesting energy using the salinity gradient between river (RW) and seawater (SW). Membrane fouling can decrease the net power density. Fouling inhibition might be indispensable. For implementing antifouling strategies more detailed insights upon fouling are required. In RED stacks investigations of single membranes are practically impossible. We introduce the RED Fouling Monitor, in which one side of a single ion-exchange membrane in contact to a foulant-containing feed stream can be studied under OCV and current conditions. Fouling is detectable in four configurations: (1) SW/AEM, (2) RW/AEM, (3) SW/CEM and (4) RW/CEM. Functionality is provided by a novel flow-through salt bridge enabling ionic connection and the incorporation of reference electrodes in close proximity to the membrane surface. The results indicate a stable, reproducible performance under un-fouled conditions. Upon SDBS exposure RW/AEM fouling showed a more pronounced fouling response than SW/AEM fouling. Fouling is partly attributable to the current density and the current field direction. An irreversible, internal fouling of the AEM is indicated when exposed to SDBS in SW. RW/AEM fouling shows to be reversible. With prospect to future systematic investigations this tool can be used to test various configurational, operational designs, different pre-treatment schemes and the fouling potential of feed streams at different seasons. This will result in valuable insights for new constructional sites for future RED plants.
Diatomite (2000)

Abstract Diatomite, also known as kieselguhr, or diatomaceous earth, is a naturally occurring, highly structured, fine hydrous silica powder made up of the remains of planktonic algae. Diatomite is used in many applications as the uniquely porous nature of each particle gives diatomite high surface area, low bulk density, high permeability, high water absorption, and low abrasion. Diatomite filter aids are used to prevent blinding of filter elements and are used to clarify liquids in brewing, water treatment, wine making, sugar refining, fruit juice production, and in industrial chemicals. Diatomite functional fillers are used in paints, rubber, plastics, pharmaceuticals, toothpastes, polishes, and chemicals where performance is improved by the unique properties of diatomite.
An Efficient Delay Tolerant Networks Routing Protocol for Information-Centric Networking (2020)

Delay tolerant networks (DTN) is a good candidate for delivering information-centric networking (ICN) messages in fragmented networks due to disaster. In order to efficiently deliver ICN messages in DTN, the characteristics of multiple requester nodes for the same content and multiple provider nodes for the same request should be used efficiently. In this paper, we propose an efficient DTN routing protocol for ICN. In the proposed protocol, requester information for request packet, which is called an Interest in ICN, is shared by exchanging status table with requested Data ID, requester ID, and satisfaction flag, where satisfaction flag is defined to show the delivery status of Data, so that unnecessary forwarding of Data is avoided. Data is forwarded to a more probable node by comparing average delivery predictability to a set of requesters. Performance of the proposed protocol was evaluated using simulation from the aspect of Data delivery probability and Data overhead, for varying buffer sizes, number of relay nodes, and time-to-live (TTL) of Data. The results show that the proposed protocol has better Data delivery probability, compared to content distribution and retrieval framework in disaster networks for public protection (CIDOR) and opportunistic forwarding (OF) protocols, although there is a tradeoff from the aspect of Data overhead for varying buffer sizes and number of relay nodes.
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders (2015)

The three main components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) include the presynaptic region, the synaptic cleft, and the postsynaptic region. The NMJ acts as an interface between the motor nerve and muscle by converting the motor nerve electric currents into chemical signals and then back into electric currents in the muscle. This chapter reviews electrodiagnostic testing in NMJ disorders, including repetitive nerve stimulation and single-fiber electromyography. Myasthenia gravis, congenital myasthenic syndromes, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, botulism, and organophosphate poisoning and other toxins are discussed, including epidemiology, etiology/genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis. Tables include an overview of neuromuscular disorders, drugs with adverse effects on the NMJ, common immunomodulatory agents used for treatment of myasthenia gravis, congenital myasthenic syndromes, and toxins and venoms. Figures illustrate the NMJ structure and function, structure of the presynaptic and postsynaptic regions, electrodiagnostic studies in NMJ disorders, and dysfunction of the NMJ in acetylcholine receptor myasthenia gravis. This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, 65 references, and 5 MCQs.
Alkali- and heat-treated porous titanium for orthopedic implants (2000)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the alkali and heat treatments on the bone-bonding behavior of porous titanium implants. Porous titanium implants had a 4.6 mm solid core and a 0.7 mm thick porous outer layer using pure titanium plasma-spray technique. Three types of porous implants were prepared from these pieces: 1.control implant (CL implant) as manufactured 2.AW-glass ceramic bottom-coated implant (AW implant) in which AW-glass ceramic was coated on only the bottom of the pore of the implant 3.alkali- and heat-treated implant (AH implant), where implants were immersed in 5 mol/L NaOH solution at 60 degrees C for 24 h and subsequently heated at 600 degrees C for 1 h. The implants were inserted into bilateral femora of six dogs hemi-transcortically in a randomized manner. At 4 weeks, push-out tests revealed that the mean shear strengths of the CL, AW, and AH implants were about 10.8, 12.7, and 15.0 MPa, respectively. At 12 weeks there was no significant difference between the bonding strengths of the three types of the porous implants (16.0-16.7 MPa). Histologically and histomorphologically, direct bone contact with the implant surface was significantly higher in the AH implants than the CL and AW implants both at 4 and 12 weeks. Thus, the higher bonding strength between bone and alkali- and heat-treated titanium implants was attributed to the direct bonding between bone and titanium surface. In conclusion, alkali and heat treatments can provide porous titanium implants with earlier stable fixation.
Psychometric Properties of the Children's Depression Inventory in Community and Clinical Sample (2010)

The psychometric characteristics of the Children's Depression Inventory, CDI (Kovacs, 1992) in a sample of 1705 participants (792 boys and 913 girls) and a clinical sample of 102 participants (42 boys and 60 girls) between 10 and 18 years old are presented. Reliability coefficients range, for both samples, from .82 (test) to .84 (retest) in the community sample, and .85 (test, clinical sample); test-retest reliability is .81 in the community sample. The mean scores are similar to other Spanish and English ones. Girls score higher than boys. The cut-off point that best differentiates between depressive and community participants is 19, with a sensitivity of 94.7%, a specificity of 95.6%, a positive predictive value of .90, and a negative predictive value of .98.
A high-performance and memory-efficient VLSI architecture with parallel scanning method for 2-D lifting-based discrete wavelet transform (2009)

In this paper, we present a high performance and memory-efficient pipelined architecture with parallel scanning method for 2-D lifting-based DWT in JPEG2000 applications. The Proposed 2-D DWT architecture are composed of two 1-D DWT cores and a 2times2 transposing register array. The proposed 1-D DWT core consumes two input data and produces two output coefficients per cycle, and its critical path takes one multiplier delay only. Moreover, we utilize the parallel scanning method to reduce the internal buffer size instead of the line-based scanning method. For the NtimesN tile image with one-level 2-D DWT decomposition, only 4N temporal memory and the 2times2 register array are required for 9/7 filter to store the intermediate coefficients in the column 1-D DWT core. And the column-processed data can be rearranged in the transposing array. According to the comparison results, the hardware cost of the 1-D DWT core and the internal memory requirements of proposed 2-D DWT architecture are smaller than other familiar architectures based on the same throughput rate. The implementation results show that the proposed 2-D DWT architecture can process 1080 p HDTV pictures with five-level decomposition at 30 frames/sec.
Effect of Abraded Intramammary Device on Milk Yield, Tissue Damage, and Cellular Composition (1988)

The study was conducted to determine effects of an abraded intramammary device on milk yield, tissue damage, and milk somatic cells during late lactation. Abraded intramammary devices were inserted into diagonally opposed quarters of 20 cows. One group of 11 cows (devices inserted 30 wk of lactation) was quarter machine milked daily for 2 wk before and for 8 wk after insertion. Nine cows had devices inserted within 4 wk postpartum and were quarter milked at 20 and 40 wk of lactation. Aliquots of quarter bucket milk were obtained for determination of milk somatic cells, red blood cells, and NAGase activity. Stripping milk was obtained for milk somatic cell counts. For both groups, there was no significant effect of the abraded intramammary device on NAGase activity. There was a tendency for quarters with devices to produce less milk than control quarters, but the difference was not significant. Milk SCC were significantly elevated in quarter bucket and stripping milk from quarters containing intramammary devices. Red blood cells were higher in quarters containing intramammary devices when compared with controls. Results indicate that abraded intramammary devices increased concentrations of somatic cells and red blood cells in bucket milk, did not damage tissue as measured by NAGase activity, and loss in milk production was nonsignificant.