gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High speed silicon-on-sapphire 50-stage shift register (1970)

developed and have resulted in the successful realization of hlgh performance silicon-on-sapphire shift-register arrays. Features of the array are clocked operation from 300 kHz to 75 MHz over 50 stages. A complementary MOS process sequence utilized in the array fabrication resulted in yields as high as 50% and produced high-quality complementary devices wit11 field-effect mobilities of 320 and 160 cm'/V-s for electrons and holes, respectively. The drastic reduction of parasitic capacitance inherent in SOS technology combined witn these device characteristics was found to provide circuits, while retaining all of the other desirable characteristics.
MIST/STEAM COOLING FOR ADVANCED TURBINE SYSTEMS (2001)

Closed-loop steam cooling has been adopted by two major gas turbine manufacturers for their heavy-frame Advanced Turbine System (ATS) engines. The major advantage of closed-loop steam cooling is that it can eliminate the need for film cooling. Without conventional film cooling, internal cooling of the turbine airfoils requires significant enhancement. To help significantly increase the cooling enhancement, the concept of employing closed-loop mist/steam cooling has been explored by conducting experiments on four test conditions: a horizontal tube, a 180 o curved tube, impingement jets on a flat surface, and impingement jets on a curved surface. The mist/steam mixture was obtained by blending fine water droplets (3~15 μm in diameter) with the saturated steam at 1.2 bars. A phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system was employed to obtain information of mist transportation and droplet dynamics of the water droplets including size distribution, velocity distribution, and turbulence. Generally, the heat transfer performance of steam can be significantly improved by adding mist of an average diameter of 5~7 μm into the main flow. An average enhancement of 100% with the highest local heat transfer enhancements of 200% ~ 500% are achieved with 2 ~ 5% mist. This paper reviews some of these results. NOMENCLATURE
Evaluation of Brassica carinata Accessions for Resistance to Black Rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) (2004)

Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pam.) Dawson (Xcc), is a major bacterial disease of Brassica oleracea L. vegetables. In this study the related species Brassica carinata Braun (ethiopian mustard), which can be used to generate interspecific crosses with B. oleracea was evaluated for resistance to Xcc. Fifty-four accessions and susceptible control plants were wound inoculated with four isolates of Xcc race 4 at the juvenile stage. Of the 54 accessions tested, A 19182 and A 19183 exhibited no symptoms when inoculated with Xcc for all plants tested, and the accessions including PI 199947, PI 199949 and PI 194256 segregated for resistance to Xcc.
Polarized temporal impulse responses for scattering media from speckle frequency correlations (2006)

Second and third order frequency correlations of speckle intensity patterns are used to characterize scattering media for multiple polarization states.
Electrically enforced condensation related to effects of the corona discharge (2012)

The effect of corona discharge in the steam on the rate of nucleation and condensation of the liquid phase is investigated theoretically and experimentally in means of implementation with the steam condenser for the improved phase-change rate. The considered phenomena include the nucleation of water vapor on mobile charge carriers, the electrohydrodynamic vapor flow toward the condenser wall and the thermodynamics of the charged micro-droplet. The prototype of the device is built and investigated. Obtained results confirm the improvement in the condensation rate.
Development of a Low Cost Heat Pump Water Heater - First Prototype (2007)

Until now the heat pump water heater (HPWH) has been a technical success but a market failure because of its high initial cost. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was tasked to examine commercially available HPWH product technology and manufacturing processes for cost saving opportunities. ORNL was also tasked to verify the technical feasibility of the cost saving opportunities where necessary and appropriate. The objective was to retain most of the HPWH s energy saving performance while reducing cost and simple payback period to approximately three years in a residential application. Several cost saving opportunities were found. Immersing the HPWH condenser directly into the tank allowed the water-circulating pump to be eliminated and a standard electric resistance storage water heater to be used. In addition, designs could be based on refrigerator compressors. Standard water heaters and refrigerator compressors are both reliable, mass produced, and low cost. To verify the feasibility of these cost saving measures, ORNL completed a conceptual design for an HPWH based on an immersed condenser coil that could be directly inserted into a standard water heater tank through a sleeve affixed to one of the standard penetrations at the top of the tank. The sleeve contour causes the bayonet-style condenser to helix while being pushed into the tank, enabling a condenser of sufficient heat transfer surface area to be inserted. Based on this design, ORNL fabricated the first laboratory prototype and completed preliminary laboratory tests in accordance with the DOE Simulated Use Test Procedure. Hardening during double-wall condenser fabrication was not overcome, so the prototype is single-walled with a liner. The prototype unit was found to have an energy factor of 2.02, verifying that the low-cost design retains most of the HPWH s energy saving performance. Industry involvement is being sought to resolve the fabrication issue and quantify progress on reducing cost and simple payback period to approximately three years in a residential application. This report provides information on the design, prototype construction, laboratory test data, and analyses of this HPWH.
Intraoperative Monitoring of the Cochlear Nerve during Neurofibromatosis Type-2 Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery and Description of a “Test Intracochlear Electrode” (2019)

<b>Objectives</b> A decision on whether to insert a cochlear implant can be made in neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) if there is objective evidence of cochlear nerve (CN) function post vestibular schwannoma (VS) excision. We aimed to develop intraoperative CN monitoring to help in this decision. <b>Design</b> We describe the intraoperative monitoring of a patient with NF2 and our stimulating and recording set up. A novel test electrode is used to stimulate the CN electrically. <b>Setting</b> This study was set at a tertiary referral center for skull base pathology. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Preserved auditory brainstem responses leading to cochlear implantation. <b>Results</b> Electrical auditory brainstem response (EABR) waveforms will be displayed from different stages of the operation. A cochlear implant was inserted at the same sitting based on the EABR. <b>Conclusion</b> Electrically evoked CN monitoring can provide objective evidence of CN function after VS excision and aid in the decision-making process of hearing rehabilitation in patients who will be rendered deaf.
Chemical Decomposition of Glutamine in Cell Culture Media: Effect of Media Type, pH, and Serum Concentration (1990)

The chemical decomposition of glutamine to ammonia and pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid was studied at 37 degrees C in a pH range of 6.8-7.8 in different media preparations containing various amounts of fetal bovine serum. The media type influenced the decomposition rate, and the first-order rate constants increased with increasing pH values. The serum concentration had little or no effect on the decomposition rate. The importance of chemical decomposition of glutamine on the analysis of glutamine and ammonia metabolism was illustrated by an example of batch cultivation of a hybridoma cell line. The difference between the apparent uptake rate of glutamine and the actual uptake rate (which is corrected for the chemical decomposition) is shown to be as high as 200%. Similar discrepancy between the apparent and actual ammonia production rate is observed. Mathematical analysis was carried out to develop the relationship between the apparent and actual glutamine uptake and ammonia production rates. The analysis reveals that there are three important dimensionless parameter ratios that govern the difference between the apparent and actual glutamine uptake and ammonia production rates.
Local bias-induced phase transitions (2008)

Electrical bias-induced phase transitions underpin a wide range of applications from data storage to energy generation and conversion. The mechanisms behind these transitions are often quite complex and in many cases are extremely sensitive to local defects that act as centers for local transformations or pinning. Using ferroelectrics as an example, we review methods for probing bias-induced phase transitions and discuss the current limitations and challenges for extending the methods to field-induced phase transitions and electrochemical reactions in energy storage, biological and molecular systems.
A genetic defect in "acquired" agammaglobulinemia. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Anomaly Detection for User Behavior in Wireless Network Based on Cross Entropy (2015)

Wi-Fi technology is becoming more and more popular and anomaly detection for user behavior is much required in many fields such as public security, therefore anomaly detection for offline user behavior based on Wi-Fi is attracting many researchers' attention. There are already some researches in anomaly detection focusing on single user behavior, while the distribution of group user behaviors is considered in this paper. A novel method using cross entropy model which is usually used for networking attacking in computer network is proposed to detect anomalies of offline user behavior in wireless network. Moreover, to make the anomaly detection available in different scenes, cross entropy model is optimized by using membership function of fuzzy mathematic. Experiments conducted in campus, hotel and office satisfy the expected results, which verify the feasibility and efficiency. And the result retrieved from optimized model is better than that of original model.
On the Semi‐Classical Theory of Piezoreflection and Magneto‐Piezoreflection (1970)

Abstract The influence of the relaxation time on the position of the minimum of Δ R / R in the absence of an applied field, or on the position of its successive extrema in the presence of a magnetic field is shown. In this first article we neglect the role of excitons. and consider that in the neighbourhood of a critical point the variation of the matrix element due to the stress is negligible in comparison with the energy band displacements, so that equation image The curves were calculated for germanium and compared with some of the results found experimentally.
Close genetic relationships between determinants of the HLA-D region detected by MLR-I, MLR-II, and B-lymphocyte serology. (1978)

The human Ia equivalent (Ly-Li system) or a very closely linked gene plays a preponderant role in secondary MLR, and also has an additive effect on the intensity of the primary MLR. PLTs developed in Li phenoidentity seem to detect still other determinants.
Levodopa Therapy and the Risk of Malignant Melanoma (2000)

There is an unlikely association between levodopa and induction or exacerbation of malignant melanoma.
Linking hydrolysis performance to Trichoderma reesei cellulolytic enzyme profile (2015)

Trichoderma reesei expresses a large number of enzymes involved in lignocellulose hydrolysis and the mechanism of how these enzymes work together is too complex to study by traditional methods, for example, by spiking with single enzymes and monitoring hydrolysis performance. In this study, a multivariate approach, partial least squares regression, was used to see whether it could help explain the correlation between enzyme profile and hydrolysis performance. Diverse enzyme mixtures were produced by T. reesei Rut-C30 by exploiting various fermentation conditions and used for hydrolysis of washed pretreated corn stover as a measure of enzyme performance. In addition, the enzyme mixtures were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the different proteins. A multivariate model was applied for the prediction of enzyme performance based on the combination of different proteins present in an enzyme mixture. The multivariate model was used for identification of candidate proteins that are correlated to enzyme performance on pretreated corn stover. A very large variation in hydrolysis performance was observed and this was clearly caused by the difference in fermentation conditions. Besides β-glucosidase, the multivariate model identified several xylanases, Cip1 and Cip2, as relevant proteins to study further.
Rapid serogroup identification of Neisseria meningitidis by using antiserum agar: Prevalence of serotypes in a disease-free military population (1979)

Nasopharyngeal cultures from 414 Marines were plated directly onto antiserum agar containing the antibiotics vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin for meningococcal isolation and serogroup identification. Meningococci were isolated from 267 Marines, giving a carrier prevalence of 64.5%. A total of 58% of the isolates could be placed into serogroups; of these 22.3% were group B, 4.7% were group C, 25.7% were group Y, 24.3% were group W135, and 23.0% were group 29E. No serogroup A organisms were recovered. Serotyping by agar gel double diffusion was performed on 148 strains. More than 70% of these strains were nontypable, and the disease-associated serotype 2 was present only in two group Y isolates. The same 148 isolates were also classified by major outer membrane protein patterns after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern IV was most common among all serogroups. The data demonstrate the effective use of antiserum agar for meningococcal surveillance and document the frequency of specific serotypes and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis types among carrier isolates obtained from a nonrecruit military population.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Review of the Evidence (2005)

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington Reprint requests and correspondence: David Kearney, M.D., VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbia Way, 111GI Seattle, WA 98108. Received August 8, 2004; accepted September 6, 2004.
Supplementary Figure 3 from ICOS Is an Indicator of T-cell–Mediated Response to Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3: Ex-vivo biodistribution study of PD-1 i.p and PBS i.p groups (n{greater than or equal to}5) on Day 8 post anti PD-1 treatment: the quantification of TDLN was expressed as %ID, other organs were expressed as %ID/g. All values represent the mean {plus minus} SD unless otherwise specified. Unpaired 2-tailed student's t-test were used for analysis. (*: P&lt;0.05, the data was presented as mean {plus minus} SD)&lt;/p&gt;
Highly Selective Cerebral ATP Assay Based on Micrometer Scale Ion Current Rectification at Polyimidazolium-Modified Micropipettes (2017)

Development of new principles and methods for cerebral ATP assay is highly imperative not only for determining ATP dynamics in brain but also for understanding physiological and pathological processes related to ATP. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate that micrometer scale ion current rectification (MICR) at a polyimidazolium brush-modified micropipette can be used as the signal transduction output for the cerebral ATP assay with a high selectivity. The rationale for ATP assay is essentially based on the competitive binding ability between positively charged polyimidazolium and ATP toward negatively charged ATP aptamer. The method is well responsive to ATP with a good linearity within a concentration range from 5 nM to 100 nM, and high selectivity toward ATP. These properties essentially enable the method to determine the cerebral ATP by combining in vivo microdialysis. The basal dialysate level of ATP in rat brain cortex is determined to be 11.32 ± 2.36 nM (n = 3). This study demonstrates that the MICR-based sensors could be potentially used for monitoring neurochemicals in cerebral systems.
Practical asynchronous neighbor discovery and rendezvous for mobile sensing applications (2008)

We present Disco, an asynchronous neighbor discovery and rendezvous protocol that allows two or more nodes to operate their radios at low duty cycles (e.g. 1%) and yet still discover and communicate with one another during infrequent, opportunistic encounters without requiring any prior synchronization information. The key challenge is to operate the radio at a low duty cycle but still ensure that discovery is fast, reliable, and predictable over a range of operating conditions. Disco nodes pick a pair of prime numbers such that the sum of their reciprocals is equal to the desired radio duty cycle. Each node increments a local counter with a globallyfixed period. If a node's local counter value is divisible by either of its primes, then the node turns on its radio for one period. This protocol ensures that two nodes will have some overlapping radio on-time within a bounded number of periods, even if nodes independently set their own duty cycle. Once a neighbor is discovered, and its wakeup schedule known, rendezvous is just a matter of being awake during the neighbor's next wakeup period,for synchronous rendezvous, or during an overlapping wake period, for asynchronous rendezvous.
Effect of Treatment with Interferon Beta-1a on Changes in Voxel-Wise Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Normal Appearing Brain Tissue and Lesions of Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A 24-Week, Controlled Pilot Study (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01085318.
Clathrate hydrates in frozen confections : formation by carbon dioxide flash freezing and behavior during distribution and consumption (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Longitudinal enlargement of choroid plexus is associated with inflammation and neurodegeneration in RRMS patients (2023)

Abstract Background The Choroid Plexus (CP) plays a potential role in the initiation and propagation of neuroinflammatory processes in MS. However, the progressive change of the CP and its associations with biomarkers of acute and chronic inflammation, along with MS-related brain structure atrophy, have not been investigated. Objective This study aims to explore the longitudinal dynamics of the CP in RRMS patients and assess its relationship with inflammation and with atrophy in various brain compartments. Methods 57 RRMS patients were examined annually for a minimum of 60 months using following MRI protocols: pre- and post-contrast (gadolinium) Sagittal 3D T1, FLAIR CUBE, diffusion weighted MRI. CP was manually segmented at baseline and last follow-up and normalised by head size. Annually lesion segmentation was performed by iQ-MSTM software suite and brain was segmented using AssemblyNet. Results Over the study period, the volume of CP increased by an average of 1.4% annually. The magnitude of CP enlargement significantly correlated with central brain atrophy, and to a lesser extent, total brain atrophy, white matter, and deep grey matter atrophy. Furthermore, progressive CP enlargement was significantly associated with the volume and severity of chronic lesion expansion (r=0.66, p&lt;0.001), but not with the number or volume of new lesions. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ongoing inflammatory activity in the CP is linked to low-grade demyelination at the rim of chronic lesions and associated neurodegeneration of periventricular white and grey matter.
Can sub-0.18-μm FEOL be realized in production with KrF DUV? (1998)

In this paper, (sub) 0.18 micrometers KrF DUV processes are optimized for logic Front-End-Of-Line (FEOL) CMOS applications. A commercial DUV resist is used without resolution enhancement techniques such as phase-shift masks and off-axis illumination. The full patterning process is considered, i.e., in the final optimized process account is taken of the etch process. Statistical data shows that a stable process was obtained. However, due to minimal process windows at gate level after poly-etch, 0.18 micrometers FEOL cannot be realized in production with KrF DUV.
Stretchable and Transparent Biointerface Using Cell‐Sheet–Graphene Hybrid for Electrophysiology and Therapy of Skeletal Muscle (2016)

Implantable electronic devices for recording electrophysiological signals and for stimulating muscles and nerves have been widely used throughout clinical medicine. Mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid biomedical devices and soft curvilinear tissues, however, has frequently resulted in a low signal to noise ratio and/or mechanical fatigue and scarring. Multifunctionality ranging from various sensing modalities to therapeutic functions is another important goal for implantable biomedical devices. Here, a stretchable and transparent medical device using a cell‐sheet–graphene hybrid is reported, which can be implanted to form a high quality biotic/abiotic interface. The hybrid is composed of a sheet of C2C12 myoblasts on buckled, mesh‐patterned graphene electrodes. The graphene electrodes monitor and actuate the C2C12 myoblasts in vitro, serving as a smart cell culture substrate that controls their aligned proliferation and differentiation. This stretchable and transparent cell‐sheet–graphene hybrid can be transplanted onto the target muscle tissue, to record electromyographical signals, and stimulate implanted sites electrically and/or optically in vivo. Additional cellular therapeutic effect of the cell‐sheet–graphene hybrid is obtained by integrated myobalst cell sheets. Any immune responses within implanted muscle tissues are not observed. This multifunctional device provides many new opportunities in the emerging field of soft bioelectronics.
Automatic Consistency Checking of Table and Text in Financial Documents (2023)

A company's financial documents use tables along with text to organize the data containing key performance indicators (KPIs) (such as profit and loss) and a financial quantity linked to them. The KPI’s linked quantity in a table might not be equal to the similarly described KPI's quantity in a text. Auditors take substantial time to manually audit these financial mistakes and this process is called consistency checking. As compared to existing work, this paper attempts to automate this task with the help of transformer-based models. Furthermore, for consistency checking it is essential for the table's KPIs embeddings to encode the semantic knowledge of the KPIs and the structural knowledge of the table. Therefore, this paper proposes a pipeline that uses a tabular model to get the table's KPIs embeddings. The pipeline takes input table and text KPIs, generates their embeddings, and then checks whether these KPIs are identical. The pipeline is evaluated on the financial documents in the German language and a comparative analysis of the cell embeddings' quality from the three tabular models is also presented. From the evaluation results, the experiment that used the English-translated text and table KPIs and Tabbie model to generate table KPIs’ embeddings achieved an accuracy of 72.81% on the consistency checking task, outperforming the benchmark, and other tabular models.