gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF CO-ORDINATED AND ISOLATED SIGNAL CONTROL ON JOURNEY TIMES AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS ALONG THE A12 IN LONDON. (1996)

Much of the movement of traffic along and across London's network of Priority (Red) Routes is controlled by traffic signals. The control strategy used can have an important effect of congestion and exhaust pollution - decision-makers need to know how key alternative strategies compare. Accordingly, the Traffic Director for London commissioned Oscar Faber TPA to compare the MOVA strategy for isolated signals with signal co-ordination by TRANSYT plans. The site chosen was a 6-km section of six signals on the A12 in East London. This paper describes the conduct of the survey and presents results which show the merits of each strategy in terms of the changes in average queues during the day and in the emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides and carbon dioxide. Later sections describe a method of predicting emissions, measurements of platoon dispersion between signals and evidence that MOVA does not 'self co-ordinate'. Opportunities for further work are discussed, including collaborative research to install the SCOOT strategy on the A12 for direct comparison with MOVA.
Lichtsensitive Dihydroazulene: Alternativer Syntheseweg – Einfluß von Alkylsubstituenten im Fünfring auf das photochrome Verhalten (1989)

Abstract Die Dihydroazulene 1a – d werden ausgehend von Cycloheptatrienylium‐tetrafluoroborat ( 8 ) hergestellt. Zwischenverbindungen sind substituierte Cycloheptatriene 10 – 13 . Die Dicyanvinylderivate 12 bzw. 13 werden durch Dehydrogenierung in die Vinylheptafulvene 2 umgewandelt, die wiederum thermisch in 1 umlagern. Dihydroazulene mit Alkylsubstituenten im Fünfring werden auf diesem Weg zugänglich. Außerdem wird die Synthese der auch über die [8 + 2]‐Cycloadditionsroute erhältlichen phenylsubstituierten Dihydroazulene 1a , b beschrieben. Das 3‐Methyl‐2‐phenylderivat 1e konnte neben dem Azulen 15e nur in Spuren nachgewiesen werden. Bei der Untersuchung des photochromen Verhaltens der Verbindungen 1a – d werden signifikante und charakteristische Substituenteneffekte gefunden. Damit wird gezeigt, wie die Schaltzeiten der Photochromie in 1 ⇌ 2 substituenten‐spezifisch verkürzt werden können.
Machine Learning Based Fully Digital UWB Antenna for Direction Finding Systems (2021)

This work presents a new generation of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency direction-finding system. The architecture of such a system is based on phase interferometry and exploits all leading-edge technology solutions such as the direct sampling of the entire analog band or the introduction of Artificial Intelligence for the processing of incoming RF signals. Thanks to these new solutions, a minimum number of antennas is needed to cover a multi-octave band capable to operate in the so-called folded mode. The presented solution is based on four full-band EM interferometer antenna array. The same signal collected from each antenna, after a first analog treatment, is then digitized with different sampling frequencies to get the diversity required for solving the frequency ambiguity problem. The Machine Learning approach is then adopted to realize the direction of arrival estimation. Comparisons between standard processing techniques and ML approach confirm the effectiveness of the presented solution.
Spatial decomposition as a tool for the evaluation and design of cross-directional control systems in sheet metal rolling (1996)

Over supply in many segments of the metal strip manufacturing industry drives a need to achieve improved product quality and yield from existing mill stock. This demands improved process control, which is achieved though a range of commercially available actuators, most of which can be used on existing mills. However, these actuators are expensive and frequently their effect on product quality cannot be predicted prior to installation. This paper uses the results of cross-directional control theory to propose a rationale for evaluating such decisions. It demonstrates that existing quality error signals can be used to define actuator requirements and gives a means of evaluating the performance of existing control schemes.
The first approach to object oriented programming for LabVIEW real-time targets (2006)

For the first time, an object oriented approach is used together with LabVIEW RT. This real-time variant of the well known graphical programming language is based on the PharLap OS. This allows for two different scenarios. First, existing object oriented LabVIEW code developed for MS Windows and Linux platforms can be reused on a real-time platform, next to a time-critical loop with high priority. The reusability of existing code drastically reduces the development time for complex data acquisition and control systems, based on PXI or cPCI platforms. Second, small PAC systems like the FieldPoint series from National Instruments have limited CPU power and memory. However, dedicated classes allow the usage of an object oriented approach and serve to integrate such sub-systems to larger SCADA systems.
Mode Profile of a Mid-IR Gas-filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Laser (2015)

International audience
Kinetics and Na independence of amino acid uptake by blood side of perfused sheep choroid plexus (1990)

The kinetic constants and sodium independence of amino acid uptake by the basolateral face (blood side) of the isolated perfused choroid plexus of the sheep were investigated. Uptake of 3H-labeled L-alanine, glycine, L-glutamine, L-leucine, L-glutamate, and L-lysine was not significantly inhibited when the sodium level of the perfusate was lowered to less than 6 mM. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion rate was, however, reduced by 65.6%. The Michaelis constants for L-serine, glycine, L-phenylalanine, L-glutamate, and L-arginine were measured and varied between 25.4 microM for L-arginine and 2.6 microM for L-glutamate. The Vmax for the amino acids varied by about the same range as Km, with L-serine having the highest Vmax of 28.8 nmol.min-1.g-1, and L-phenylalanine having the lowest at 4.6 nmol.min-1.g-1. At normal plasma concentrations of 30-155 microM for individual amino acids, the carriers for glycine, L-phenylalanine, and L-glutamate would be almost fully saturated (greater than 90%), while those for L-serine and L-arginine would be greater than 60% saturated. This restricted uptake of amino acids by the basolateral face of the choroid plexus, coupled to clearance of these substances out of the CSF (5), could account for the low levels in the CSF compared with that in the plasma.
Quantitative unique continuation for the elasticity system with application to the kinematic inverse rupture problem (2022)

We obtain explicit estimates on the stability of the unique continuation for a linear system of hyperbolic equations. In particular our result applies to the elasticity system and also the Maxwell system. As an application, we study the kinematic inverse rupture problem of determining the jump in displacement and the friction force at the rupture surface, and we obtain new features on the stable unique continuation up to the rupture surface.
Analysis of marks recorded on magneto‐optical media by the magnetic field modulation method (1994)

Abstract The readout signal waveform and recorded mark of magneto‐optic write media are investigated using the magnetic field modulation method. Because overwrite is possible in the magnetic field modulation method, it has been applied to a small magneto‐optic disk in a new audio media system. the magneto‐optic mark recorded by this system has a chevron shape, and the width is highly sensitive to changes in such factors as laser power or ambient temperature. For this reason, it is necessary to design the recording medium so that a sufficiently stable readout signal is obtained for these changes. A numerical integral obtained by polygonal approximation of recorded mark is used, and the readout signal waveform is determined by simulation. By this technique, the readout signal amplitude and crosstalk level that influence the medium and the recording density are determined. Based on this result, the write density of the medium is computed and comparison with measurement values indicates that agreement is excellent. Moreover, by adjusting the tracking offset during readout, it is possible to improve the apparent write power margin. Thus, the technique will be very effective in the design of future high‐density recording media.
A control framework for snake robot locomotion based on shape control points interconnected by B&#x00E9;zier curves (2012)

This paper presents a control framework for shape control of snake robots for the purpose of locomotion. An advantage of the framework is that it allows the macroscopic shape of a snake robot to be controlled explicitly and intuitively. The framework is based on specifying the desired shape of the snake robot as a continuous shape curve defined by a set of shape control points interconnected by Bézier curves. We propose a novel approach for motion generation in which the shape curve is repeatedly extended according to a desired gait pattern while a virtual snake robot is progressed along the shape curve to retrieve joint reference angles for the physical snake robot. Practical applications of the proposed control framework are exemplified along with simulation results.
Alterations in the sense of self caused by direct electrical stimulation of the human precuneus (2023)

Abstract Self-dissociation is an altered state of consciousness where the integrity of the sense of self is disrupted. We explored the phenomenology of self-dissociation in 10 human subjects without epileptic abnormality in the precuneus region. Using direct bipolar 50Hz electrical stimulation of different sites within the posteromedial cortex (i.e., posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and precuneus regions) in each subject’s brain, we replicated our prior findings that the majority of sites in the PMC are silent to electrical stimulation (i.e., do not cause a change in the conscious subjective state of the subject). Interestingly, we discovered a region in the anterior PMC, i.e., in the mid-anterior precuneus, where 50Hz electrical stimulation consistently caused an alteration in the subject’s sense of bodily self. We used resting-state fMRI and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis in the native brain space and intracranial 0.5Hz single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) to provide a map of connectivity of the responsive sites. Our findings clearly distinguished cortical and thalamic connectivity profiles and marked a critical functional watershed from the neighboring PMC areas. Self-dissociation-causing sites were not part of the default network (DMN) but causally and bilaterally connected with DMN sites. Our findings feature an extraordinary functional anatomical architecture of the PMC with the addition of a new unexplored region that represents an anatomically and functionally distinct subregion within the human PMC. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 1. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Keywords: consciousness, sense of self, default mode network, posterior cingulate
A Novel Quantitative Approach For Measuring Network Security (2008)

Evaluation of network security is an essential step in securing any network. This evaluation can help security professionals in making optimal decisions about how to design security countermeasures, to choose between alternative security architectures, and to systematically modify security configurations in order to improve security. However, the security of a network depends on a number of dynamically changing factors such as emergence of new vulnerabilities and threats, policy structure and network traffic. Identifying, quantifying and validating these factors using security metrics is a major challenge in this area. In this paper, we propose a novel security metric framework that identifies and quantifies objectively the most significant security risk factors, which include existing vulnerabilities, historical trend of vulnerability of the remotely accessible services, prediction of potential vulnerabilities for any general network service and their estimated severity and finally policy resistance to attack propagation within the network. We then describe our rigorous validation experiments using real- life vulnerability data of the past 6 years from National Vulnerability Database (NVD) [10] to show the high accuracy and confidence of the proposed metrics. Some previous works have considered vulnerabilities using code analysis. However, as far as we know, this is the first work to study and analyze these metrics for network security evaluation using publicly available vulnerability information and security policy configuration.
Predicting tropical forest carbon from EO-1 hyperspectral imagery in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Bolivia (2003)

An increasing interest in the ability of tropical forests to sequester large amounts of carbon has pushed scientists to look for new ways to acquire accurate estimates of biomass and other forest structural attributes over large, remote areas. We used hyperspectral images acquired in the fall of 2001 from the Hyperion imaging spectrometer to predict aboveground biomass in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park in the Bolivian Amazon. Forest structure data was collected from plots throughout the park in 1997 and 1999. We employed multiple linear regression to predict total carbon, aboveground carbon, carbon in wood, understory carbon and soil carbon as a function of reflectance at wavelengths in the visible, near infrared and short-wave infrared. The results are promising, although some uncertainty remains due to striping and geolocation error.
Studies on the Uronic Acid-Containing Glycoproteins of Fusarium sp. M7-1: IV. Isolation and Identification of Four Novel Oligosaccharide Units Derived from the Acidic Polysaccharide Chain (1992)

Four novel oligosaccharide units were isolated from the acetolysis products of the acidic polysaccharide chain derived from the glycoproteins of Fusarium sp. M7-1. Their chemical structures were resolved mainly by 1H-NMR spectrometry in combination with methylation analysis and mass spectrometry. The results indicate that these oligosaccharide units originated from the side chains, GlcNAc alpha 1-->4GlcA alpha 1-->2(GlcNac alpha 1-->4)GlcA alpha 1-->2Gal, GlcNAc alpha 1-->4GlcA alpha 1-->2(GlcNAc alpha 1-->4)GlcA alpha 1-->2(GlcNac alpha 1-->4)GlcA alpha 1-->2Gal, ChN<--P--> 6Man beta 1-->4GlcA alpha 1-->2Gal, and Man beta 1-->2(ChN<--P-->6)Man beta 1-->4GlcA alpha 1-->2Gal linked together with the other units reported previously [Jikibara et al. (1992) J. Biochem. 111, 236-243] through beta 1-->6galactofuranoside linkages in the acidic polysaccharide chain.
Free Radical–Induced Contractile Protein Dysfunction in Endotoxin-Induced Sepsis (2001)

Recent studies have indicated that sepsis is associated with enhanced generation of several free-radical species (nitric oxide [NO], superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) in skeletal muscle. It is also known that this enhanced free-radical generation results in reductions in skeletal muscle force-generating capacity, but the precise mechanism(s) by which free radicals exert this effect in sepsis has not been determined. We postulated that free radicals might react directly with the contractile proteins in this condition, altering contractile protein force-generating capacity. To test this theory, we compared the force generation of single Triton-skinned diaphragmatic fibers (Triton skinning exposes the contractile apparatus, permitting direct assessment of contractile protein function) from the following groups of rats: (1) control animals; (2) endotoxin-treated animal; (3) animals given endotoxin plus polyethylene glycol- superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), a superoxide scavenger; (4) animals given endotoxin plus N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor; (5 ) animals given only PEG-SOD or L-NAME; and (6 ) animals given endotoxin plus denatured PEG-SOD. We found that endotoxin administration produced both a reduction in the maximum force-generating capacity (Fmax) (i.e., a decrease in Fmax) of muscle fibers and a reduction in fiber calcium sensitivity (i.e., an increase in the Ca2+ concentration required to produce half-maximal activation [Ca50]). L-NAME and PEG-SOD administration preserved Fmax and Ca50 in endotoxin-treated animals; neither drug affected these parameters in non-endotoxin treated animals. Denatured PEG-SOD failed to inhibit endotoxin-related alterations in contractile protein function. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of skinned fibers from endotoxin-treated animals revealed a selective depletion of several proteins; administration of L-NAME or PEG-SOD to endotoxin-treated animals prevented this protein depletion, paralleling the effect of these two agents to prevent a reduction in contractile protein force-generating capacity. These data indicate that free radicals (superoxide, NO, or daughter species of these radicals) play a central role in altering skeletal muscle contractile protein force-generating capacity in endotoxin-induced sepsis.
Spheroids of Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells for Bladder Tissue Engineering (2021)

Cell-based tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed to improve treatment outcomes in end-stage bladder disease, but TE approaches with 2D smooth muscle cell (SMC) culture have so far been unsuccessful. Here, we report the development of primary bladder-derived 3D SMC spheroids that outperform 2D SMC cultures in differentiation, maturation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Bladder SMC spheroids were compared with 2D cultures using live-dead staining, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to investigate culture conditions, contractile phenotype, and ECM deposition. The SMC spheroids were viable for up to 14 days and differentiated rather than proliferating. Spheroids predominantly expressed the late myogenic differentiation marker MyH11, whereas 2D SMC expressed more of the general SMC differentiation marker <i>α</i>-SMA and less MyH11. Furthermore, the expression of bladder wall-specific ECM proteins in SMC spheroids was markedly higher. This first establishment and analysis of primary bladder SMC spheroids are particularly promising for TE because differentiated SMCs and ECM deposition are a prerequisite to building a functional bladder wall substitute. We were able to confirm that SMC spheroids are promising building blocks for studying detrusor regeneration in detail and may provide improved function and regenerative potential, contributing to taking bladder TE a significant step forward.
Pregnant against all odds (2012)

Case report We present a 29-year-old lady with a history of a 27 week stillbirth (secondary to placental insufficiency) after which she developed a deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. She then had three recurrent early miscarriages followed by another pregnancy which ended as a forceps delivery at term. She developed another pulmonary embolism during this pregnancy notwithstanding prophylactic low molecular weight heparin and was treated until six weeks postpartum. She had a negative thrombophilia screen and negative anticardiolipin antibodies but a persistent mild thrombocytopenia. Her BMI was 45. She fell pregnant again ten months after her previous delivery. In view of her significant risks, she was started on 24000 Units of tinzaparin daily prophylactically. She presented with upper abdominal pain at 20 weeks gestation with abnormal liver function tests. A scan and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) secondary to extra-hepatic portal vein thrombosis and splenomegaly. She continued on tinzaparin which was increased to a twice-daily dose, titrated according to anti-Xa levels and was induced at 38 weeks, had a normal delivery but suffered a major postpartum haemorrhage (secondary to a retained placenta). Pregnancy in patients with NCPH is exceedingly rare leading to an absence of guidelines on its management.1 Multidisciplinary involvement is imperative.
Oral fish cartilage polysaccharides in the treatment of photoageing: biophysical findings (2002)

The topically applied cosmetic products can be helpful in improving the aged skin condition. The present study shows how oral fish-cartilage food supplementation can be helpful in improving the treatment of ageing skin. A total of 30 healthy women with signs of skin ageing were studied. Fifteen of the women were treated with a food supplement based on polysaccharides derived from the fish cartilage and a natural mix of antioxidants for 2 months and the other 15 with a placebo. Clinical evaluation and biophysical parameters related to skin function and wrinkle severity, such as silicone replica, skin thickness, mechanical properties, skin colour and capacitance, were measured. The results showed statistically significant changes in the active-treated group in comparison to the placebo. In particular, dermal thickness (treatment: from 1.13 to 1.23 mm; P < 0.001), skin wrinkling (treatment: from 9.5 to 3.5 R(a); P< 0.002), skin colour (treatment: brighter and less pigmented; P < 0.02) and viscoelasticity (treatment: from 0.70 to 0.97%; P < 0.02) showed considerable improvement. Most of these parameters are related to changes occurring within the dermal matrix, which is improved after the treatment, whereas most of the topically applied cosmetic products have a short-term effect on superficial structures. A combination treatment (oral and topical) can be more effective in reducing the signs of skin-ageing.
Universal Algorithms For Learning Theory Part I: Piecewise Constant Functions (2004)

This paper is concerned with the construction and analysis of a universal estimator for the regression problem in supervised learning. Universal means that the estimator does not depend on any a priori assumptions about the regression function to be estimated. The universal estimator studied in this paper consists of a least-square fitting procedure using piecewise constant functions on a partition which depends adaptively on the data. The partition is generated by a splitting procedure which differs from those used in CART algorithms. It is proven that this estimator performs at the optimal convergence rate for a wide class of priors on the regression function. Namely, as will be made precise in the text, if the regression function is in any one of a certain class of approximation spaces (or smoothness spaces of order not exceeding one- a limitation resulting because the estimator uses piecewise constants) measured relative to the marginal measure, then the estimator converges to the regression function (in the least squares sense) with an optimal rate of convergence in terms of the number of samples. The estimator is also numerically feasible and can be implemented on-line.
The old man and the C-spine fracture (2015)

Therapeutic study, level IV.