gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Generalized FASS (Full Aperture Seeing Sensor): filling the lower altitudes of the Cn2 profile (2017)

Turbulence monitors based on scintillation are in common use among the astronomical community. One of their weaknesses is that they are blind to turbulences located near the ground where the wavefront traversing these layers have not propagated over sufficiently long distances to generate scintillation patterns with significant contrast. One approach to solve this problem is to allow propagation below the telescope pupil by means of additional optics. The problem with such approach is the diffraction caused by the telescope aperture on the negatively conjugated images. We evaluate the impact of this undesired effect on a recently proposed technique called FASS (Full Aperture Seeing Sensor) that aims to monitor the atmospheric turbulence with a dedicated small telescope of typically 30-centimeter diameter. The method uses a Fourier analysis of the scintillation patterns to estimate the turbulence strength distribution in altitude. So far, the FASS concept and experimental results have been applied to pupil conjugation only, limiting the reconstruction of the turbulence profile to altitudes higher than 500m and requiring a total seeing monitor such as DIMM (Differential Image Motion Monitor) to fill the gap. Our goal is to develop a generalized version of FASS (negative conjugation), which will include the ground layer and where DIMM will not be necessary. In this article, we simulate this configuration, assessing the impact of the diffraction caused by annular aperture affects the profile estimation as a function of the conjugation altitude. We show that one of the features of the Fourier method used for profiling, which is the use of one-dimensional transforms of the image points along concentric rings, makes the technique very robust with respect to the diffraction rings generated by the annular aperture. We also define a method to find the most adequate negative altitude for conjugation, in order to design the future generalized FASS monitor.
MAO-B acitivity in platelets associated with suicide attempts in depressed patients (2005)

The objectives of the present study is to investigate neurobiological parameters of serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmitters and aspects of suicidality.
Semecarpus anacardium Linn.: A review (2010)

Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (Family: Anacardiaceae), commonly known 'Ballataka' or 'Bhilwa', has been used in various traditional system of medicines for various ailments since ancient times. Its nuts contain a variety of biologically active compounds such as biflavonoids, phenolic compounds, bhilawanols, minerals, vitamins and amino acids, which show various medicinal properties. The fruit and nut extract shows various activities like antiatherogenic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-reproductive, CNS stimulant, hypoglycemic, anticarcinogenic and hair growth promoter. The article reviews the various activities of the plant.
Structure Learning via Parameter Learning (2014)

A key challenge in information and knowledge management is to automatically discover the underlying structures and patterns from large collections of extracted information. This paper presents a novel structure-learning method for a new, scalable probabilistic logic called ProPPR. Our approach builds on the recent success of meta-interpretive learning methods in Inductive Logic Programming (ILP), and we further extends it to a framework that enables robust and efficient structure learning of logic programs on graphs: using an abductive second-order probabilistic logic, we show how first-order theories can be automatically generated via parameter learning. To learn better theories, we then propose an iterated structural gradient approach that incrementally refines the hypothesized space of learned first-order structures. In experiments, we show that the proposed method further improves the results, outperforming competitive baselines such as Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) and FOIL on multiple datasets with various settings; and that the proposed approach can learn structures in a large knowledge base in a tractable fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Insertion of Ketenes into O,O‐Acetals: Synthesis of . beta.‐Alkoxyesters and 1,4‐Dioxepan‐5‐ones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Le traitement précoce de l’infection virale C après un accident d’exposition au sang (2000)

Il n’y a pas de donnees permettant de recommander une recherche tres precoce de l’ARN du VHC apres un accident d’exposition au sang. Une strategie simple pourrait etre de doser les transaminases ALT 1 mois apres l’accident et de pratiquer une PCR en cas d’augmentation. Le traitement devrait debuter des la connaissance de la positivite de la PCR. L’interferon alfa a la dose de 3 millions d’unites 3 fois par semaine en sous-cutane pendant au moins 3 mois est tres efficace par rapport a l’evolution spontanee et peut etre recommande en cas d’hepatite aigue C. La meta-analyse des essais randomises montre une disparition de l’ARN du VHC dans le serum 12 mois apres la fin du traitement chez 32 % des patients traites versus 4 % dans le groupe temoin (p
Hypotriglyceridemic effect of the antler-shaped fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum on the high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in Syrian hamsters (2005)

近年トリグリセライド (TG) が日本人における心筋梗塞や脳梗塞などの動脈硬化性の疾患のリスクファクターとして大きく注目されている. そこで, 古くから健康増進の目的で用いられている鹿角霊芝 (Ganoderma lucidum) が高TG血症に与える影響を, シリアンハムスターに高脂肪食を負荷するモデルで調べた. 鹿角霊芝は, 子実体の乾燥粉末を高脂肪食に0.1%ないし1% (w/w) となるように添加して与えた. 投与開始後1週間目に非絶食時の採血を行ない血漿中のTG値を測定したところ, 高脂肪食により誘導されたTGの上昇が, 有意かつ鹿角霊芝の投与量に依存して抑制された. さらには2週間後に測定した絶食時のTGも, 鹿角霊芝投与によって有意に抑制された. 以上の結果から, 鹿角霊芝にはTGの低下作用がある可能性が示された.
Optical Trajectory of the Insulator-to-metal Transition of Ultra-thin Gold Films (2009)

We apply interferometric picometrology to measure the complex refractive index and dielectric properties of ultra-thin gold films as a continuous function of thickness from 0.2 nm to 10 nm deposited on thermal oxide on silicon. Three distinct regimes are found for the dielectric constant trajectory in the complex plane. The first regime shows a circular trajectory predicted by the Drude equation tracing the gold bulk-to-thin film transition. The second and third regimes are manifested as metal clusters range from large to small size and sparse coverage. The entire atom-to-bulk transition of gold is revealed from the optical perspective.
Spontane NY-ESO-1 spezifische Immunantworten beim HCC (2015)

Hintergrund/Einleitung: Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) gehört weltweit zu den häufigsten Tumoren. Die Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung des HCC sind jedoch beschränkt und die Erfolgsraten gering. Tumorimmunolgische Therapien stellen eine mögliche Alternative dar. Eine wichtige Grundlage hierfür ist die Identifikation von Tumor-spezifischen Antigenen. NY-ESO-1 ist ein Cancer Testis Antigen, was auch im HCC exprimiert wird.
Nocardioides terrigena sp. nov., isolated from soil (2007)

A Gram-positive, rod- or coccoid-shaped bacterial strain, DS-17T, was isolated from a soil in Dokdo, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain DS-17T grew optimally at around pH 8.0 and 30 degrees C in the presence of 0.5-1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DS-17T belonged to the genus Nocardioides. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain DS-17T were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides: the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and iso-C16:0, C17:1omega8c and C17:0 were the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 71.5 mol%. Strain DS-17T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.5-96.9% to the type strains of recognized Nocardioides species. Strain DS-17T could be distinguished from recognized Nocardioides species by differences in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain DS-17T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides terrigena sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS-17T (=KCTC 19217T=JCM 14582T).
Identification of Clostridium perfringens AB&J and its uptake of bromophenol blue (2002)

Several microorganisms from rat and human feces and rumen fluid of cows were screened for their ability to decolorize the synthetic dyes. Consequently, a novel dye-degrading strain AB&J was isolated. Taxonomic identification including 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate had 99.9% homology in its 16S rDNA base sequence with Clostridium perfringens. After 27 h incubation with the strain, brilliant blue R, bromophenol blue, crystal violet, malachite green, methyl green, and methyl orange were decolorized by about 69.3%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 97.9%, 75.1%, and 97.2%, respectively. The triphenylmethane dye, bromophenol blue, was decolorized extensively by growing Clostridium perfringens AB&J cells in liquid cultures under anaerobic condition, although their growth was strongly inhibited in the initial stage of incubation. This group of dyes is toxic, depending on the concentration used. The dye was significantly decolorized at a relatively lower concentration of below 50 μg ml -1 , however, the growth of the cells was mostly suppressed at a dye concentration of 100 μg ml -1 . The decolorization activity in cell-free extracts was much higher in cytoplasm than in periplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. Therefore, the enzyme related uptake of bromophenol blue seemed to be localized in cytoplasm. The optimal pH and temperature of bromophenol blue uptake for decolorization activities were 7.0 and 40°C, respectively.
Experimental Thermodynamic Characterization of the Chalcopyrite-Based Compounds in the Ag–In–Te System for a Potential Thermoelectric Application (2022)

The equilibrium concentration space of the Ag–In–Te system in the part AgInTe2–Te–In2Te3 was studied through the modified solid-state electromotive force (EMF) method by dividing In2Te3–In2Te5–Ag3In97Te147 (I), In2Te5–Te–Ag3In97Te147 (II), Ag3In97Te147–Te–AgIn5Te8 (III), AgIn5Te8–Te–AgIn3Te5 (IV), and AgIn3Te5–Te–AgInTe2 (V), into separate phase regions at T ≤ 500 K. The formation of a thermodynamically stable combination of the binary and ternary phases in the (I)–(V) phase regions from a metastable phase mixture of substances was carried out at T ≤ 500 K in the R(Ag+) part of the positive electrode (PE) of the galvanic cells (GCs) of the structure: (−) C |∙| Ag |∙| SE |∙| R(Ag+) |∙| PE |∙| C (+), where C is the graphite (inert electrode), SE is the solid-state electrolyte (Ag3GeS3Br glass), and Ag is the left (negative) electrode. The Ag+ ions in the R(Ag+) region functioned as small nucleation centers for the formation of the stable phases. The spatial position of the (I)–(V) phase regions in the concentration space of the Ag–In–Te system relative to the position of silver was used to express the overall potential-forming reactions with the participation of the substances Ag, Te, In2Te5, Ag3In97Te147, AgIn5Te8, AgIn3Te5, and AgInTe2. The subsequent EMF measurements were carried out by applying the same GCs. The temperature dependences of the EMF of GCs with PE of the (I)–(V) phase regions were here used to determine, for the first time, the values of standard thermodynamic functions of the binary and ternary compounds. The determined values of the Gibbs energies of the formation of compounds are equal: GIn2Te5○=(182.7±1.9) kJ·mol−1, GAgInTe2○=(115.0±3.1) kJ·mol−1, GAgIn3Te5○=(301.5±6.5) kJ·mol−1, GAgIn5Te8○=(487.6±11.3) kJ·mol−1, and GAg3In97Te147○=(8594±189) kJ·mol−1 The correctness of the division of the equilibrium phase space of the Ag–In–Te system in the part AgInTe2–Te–In2Te3 involving the AgInTe2, AgIn3Te5, AgIn5Te8, and Ag3In97Te147 compounds was confirmed by the agreement of the calculated and literature-based thermodynamic data for In2Te5 compound. Compositions of pairs of the ternary compounds for their subsequent practical application were proposed.
Interleaved dual-band circularly polarized active array antenna for satellite communications (2015)

This paper describes the concept of a novel interleaved circularly polarized active array antenna for satellite communication applications at X-band. The array consists of two equilateral triangular patch arrays with hexagonal lattice, and each of them operates at different frequency bands. This presented interleaved array antenna can operate at dual frequency bands with independently beam steering capability when incorporated with phase shifters and MMICs, thus suitable for simultaneously transmitting or receiving in both user and feeder links for satellite on-board applications. The incorporation of MMIC GaN based high power amplifier to each radiating element is planned, to obtain high radiated power level by space combining from the multi-pixel active array antenna. Preliminary simulation results on the X-band GaN power amplifier are also presented in this paper.
<title>Novel design of WIS-free overlay measurement mark</title> (2000)

The Wafer-Induced-Shift (WIS) is the overlay measurement error due to the reflection trick of the metal film by Physical Vapor Deposition, specially sputtering. The WIS happens to the wide open type mark because this sputtering method can cause a non-symmetric edge deposition by the self-shadowing of mark depth. But the marks with a wide width and space, which are currently used in the industry, have not detected the WIS. It is the modification of overlay measurement mark that has to be primarily improved to solve this problem. So we suggest the new methodology using the overlay mark with the narrow space. The concept of this mark is to use the geometrical property of deposition and detect the optical contrast signal of the space-type mark instead of the edge contrast signal of wide bar-type mark. This will reduce the non-symmetric deposition property by the self-shadowing. In this paper, we conformed the WIS using the overlay errors after and before etching film, and reported the effectiveness of our new mark by using the sputtered Pt film being one of the electrodes of BST capacitor. Several marks with a space 0.2 micrometer up to 0.5 micrometer were examined for the various thicknesses of the film by comparing the overlay measuring error between the standard mark and the new mark, and correlating the degree of the metal filing into the narrow space of overlay mark with the wafer scale factor. From the experimental results, we can find that the major component of WIS is the wafer magnification factor, and the new mark had a good feasibility for the WIS and might be called the WIS-free mark. Additionally we will discuss more details of our experimental results.
Mycobacteria Attenuate Nociceptive Responses by Formyl Peptide Receptor Triggered Opioid Peptide Release from Neutrophils (2009)

In inflammation, pain is regulated by a balance of pro- and analgesic mediators. Analgesic mediators include opioid peptides which are secreted by neutrophils at the site of inflammation, leading to activation of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons. In humans, local opioids and opioid peptides significantly downregulate postoperative as well as arthritic pain. In rats, inflammatory pain is induced by intraplantar injection of heat inactivated Mycobacterium butyricum, a component of complete Freund's adjuvant. We hypothesized that mycobacterially derived formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and/or toll like receptor (TLR) agonists could activate neutrophils, leading to opioid peptide release and inhibition of inflammatory pain. In complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds of the paw were quantified (Hargreaves and Randall-Selitto methods, respectively). Withdrawal time to heat was decreased following systemic neutrophil depletion as well as local injection of opioid receptor antagonists or anti-opioid peptide (i.e. Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin) antibodies indicating an increase in pain. In vitro, opioid peptide release from human and rat neutrophils was measured by radioimmunoassay. Met-enkephalin release was triggered by Mycobacterium butyricum and formyl peptides but not by TLR-2 or TLR-4 agonists. Mycobacterium butyricum induced a rise in intracellular calcium as determined by FURA loading and calcium imaging. Opioid peptide release was blocked by intracellular calcium chelation as well as phosphoinositol-3-kinase inhibition. The FPR antagonists Boc-FLFLF and cyclosporine H reduced opioid peptide release in vitro and increased inflammatory pain in vivo while TLR 2/4 did not appear to be involved. In summary, mycobacteria activate FPR on neutrophils, resulting in tonic secretion of opioid peptides from neutrophils and in a decrease in inflammatory pain. Future therapeutic strategies may aim at selective FPR agonists to boost endogenous analgesia.
Cycling exercise classes may be bad for your (hearing) health (2016)

NA Laryngoscope, 127:1873-1877, 2017.
Stoichiometry and Assembly of a Recombinant GABAAReceptor Subtype (1997)

GABAA receptors are ligand-gated chloride ion channels that are presumed to be pentamers composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The subunit stoichiometry, however, is controversial, and the subunit arrangement presently is not known. In this study the ratio of subunits in recombinant alpha1beta3gamma2 receptors was determined in Western blots from the relative signal intensities of antibodies directed against the N terminus or the cytoplasmic loop of different subunits after the relative reactivity of these antibodies had been determined with GABAA receptor subunit chimeras composed of the N-terminal domain of one and the remaining part of the other subunit. Via this method a subunit stoichiometry of two alpha subunits, two beta subunits, and one gamma subunit was derived. Similar experiments investigating the composition of alpha1beta3 receptors expressed on the surface of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells cotransfected with alpha1 and beta3 subunits resulted in a stoichiometry of two alpha and three beta subunits. Density gradient centrifugation studies indicated that combinations of alpha1beta3gamma2 or alpha1beta3 subunits expressed in HEK 293 cells are able to form pentamers, whereas combinations of alpha1gamma2 or beta3gamma2 subunits predominantly form heterodimers. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of GABAA receptor assembly and support the conclusion that GABAA receptors are pentamers in which a total of four alternating alpha and beta subunits are connected by a gamma subunit.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers of Liver Disease in Children With Cystic Fibrosis (2014)

These data provide the first evidence of changes to circulating miRNA levels in CF, suggesting that serum-based miRNA analysis may complement and extend current CFLD screening strategies with potential to predict early hepatic fibrosis.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐N‐arylthiocarbamoylacetates and Acetic Acids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sub-k1 = 0.25 lithography with double patterning technique for 45-nm technology node flash memory devices at λ = 193nm (2007)

An enormous pressure is currently put on Resolution Enhancement Techniques to meet the deadline for the development of high density memory devices. The prevailing conviction is to consider water immersion lithography as the choice for manufacturing 45nm technology node devices. Even if a huge effort to face immersion specific issues has been done (on defectivity, micro-bubbles, contamination, overlay control, hyper NA imaging, birefringence), a technology solution to image the desired features and densities must be available till now in order to anticipate all the steps involved in the process integration before the complete assessment of the immersion infrastructure. Moreover, the forecasted solutions for 32nm and 22nm technology nodes remain uncertain, strongly depending on current and near future development of high index fluids for immersion lithography and EUV availability. These temporal lacks of technology options are forcing scanner suppliers and IC manufacturers to include also double exposure in the group of viable choices for future development. Double patterning (double exposure and double etch) is surely a fascinating solution for overcoming the physical resolution limit of <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> = 0.25 of imaging systems. Various papers in these last two years demonstrated an increasing interest in the exploration of such kind of technique to extend as much as possible <i>ArF</i> dry exposure tools. Though the concept of this technique is simple and well known, there are various technical issues which must be solved before moving to a real implementation in the manufacturing phase. In this paper we want to present the experimental results of the application of double patterning to the definition of a 45nm technology node Flash memory device, reaching a <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> ~ 0.20 using 193nm dry lithography. Flash memory design introduces imaging critical points in several levels: active, contacts, and first metallization. For each of these layers, a dedicated study of double exposure has been performed in order to develop a combined litho-etch process to pattern the requested features density. Different issues will be reported, related to process choices (hard mask, resist compatibility), overlay performances, OPC and layout decomposition. Experimental process windows of dedicated test masks with lines and spaces and contact holes are shown. A deep study on overlay performance and possible optimizations has been performed and will be reported. Finally, we will demonstrate that double exposure technique can be used to anticipate process integration of critical lithography steps for high density memory devices at 45nm technology node.
A critical analysis of the effect of crosslinking on the linear viscoelastic behavior of styrene–butadiene rubber and other elastomers (2013)

Abstract The linear viscoelastic behavior in dynamic shear and tensile creep at temperatures from −30 to 70 °C is measured for an styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) elastomer cured with dicumyl peroxide to crosslinking densities between 0 and 23.5 × 10 −5 mol/cm 3 . The G ′, G ″, and tan δ isotherms are analyzed by time–temperature superposition (TTS), where the tan δ master curves are consistent with those of Mancke and Ferry. However, to achieve the TTS in the lightly crosslinked SBR systems, an anomalous vertical shift is required in the narrow temperature region from 10 to 30 °C. The vertical shift factor in this temperature region is not the standard ${{\rho _0 T_0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rho _0 T_0 } {\rho T}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rho T}}$ from rubber elasticity. No anomalous behavior is detected in the equilibrium modulus, which is a linear function of temperature in accordance with the classical theory of rubber elasticity. In contrast to SBR, standard vertical shifts are required to effect TTS for uncrosslinked polybutadiene and an ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013