gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecophysiology and phylogeny of new terricolous and epiphytic chlorolichens in a fog oasis of the Atacama Desert (2019)

The Atacama Desert is one of the driest and probably oldest deserts on Earth where only a few extremophile organisms are able to survive. This study investigated two terricolous and two epiphytic lichens from the fog oasis "Las Lomitas" within the National Park Pan de Azúcar which represents a refugium for a few vascular desert plants and many lichens that can thrive on fog and dew alone. Ecophysiological measurements and climate records were combined with molecular data of the mycobiont, their green algal photobionts and lichenicolous fungi to gain information about the ecology of lichens within the fog oasis. Phylogenetic and morphological investigations led to the identification and description of the new lichen species Acarospora conafii sp. nov. as well as the lichenicolous fungi that accompanied them and revealed the trebouxioid character of all lichen photobionts. Their photosynthetic responses were compared during natural scenarios such as reactivation by high air humidity and in situ fog events to elucidate the activation strategies of this lichen community. Epiphytic lichens showed photosynthetic activity that was rapidly induced by fog and high relative air humidity whereas terricolous lichens were only activated by fog.
Adaptive Mutations That Occurred during Circulation in Humans of H1N1 Influenza Virus in the 2009 Pandemic Enhance Virulence in Mice (2015)

In this study, novel determinants of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza pathogenicity were identified in the viral hemagglutinin (HA) and the nucleoprotein (NP) genes. In contrast to highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, increased virulence in mice did not correlate with enhanced polymerase activity but with reduced activity. Lethal 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection in mice correlated with lymphopenia and severe pneumonia. These studies suggest that molecular mechanisms that mediate 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza pathogenicity are distinct from those that mediate avian influenza virus pathogenicity in mice.
Effect of Wing Kinematics on Force Generation in a Beetle-Mimicking Flapping-Wing System (2012)

We have been developing a beetle-mimicking flappingwing system that can create a flapping angle of 140° to 160° and a rotational angle of 100° to 110°. Aerodynamic force is produced by flapping artificial wings, which are attached to the flapping mechanism by flexible hinges. In this study, we investigate the effect of wing kinematics on force generation by attaching the wings to the flapping-wing mechanism in three different configurations. Even though the flapping-wing system was designed to flap at about 40 Hz, in this study, it was excited at 25 Hz to maintain the quality of the signal process for force measurement. The average thrusts and lifts measured by a load cell were compared with those estimated by an unsteady blade element theory for the three cases. The results showed that the initial wing attachment angle significantly affected the wing rotation history during flapping motion and modified the magnitude of thrust and lift, as well as the direction of lift.
The Role of Animal Models in the Study of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and GvHD: A Historical Overview (2016)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only therapeutic option for many hematological malignancies, but its applicability is limited by life-threatening complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The last decades have seen great advances in the understanding of BMT and its related complications; in particular GvHD. Animal models are beneficial to study complex diseases, as they allow dissecting the contribution of single components in the development of the disease. Most of the current knowledge on the therapeutic mechanisms of BMT derives from studies in animal models. Parallel to BMT, the understanding of the pathophysiology of GvHD, as well as the development of new treatment regimens, has also been supported by studies in animal models. Pre-clinical experimentation is the basis for deep understanding and successful improvements of clinical applications. In this review, we retrace the history of BMT and GvHD by describing how the studies in animal models have paved the way to the many advances in the field. We also describe how animal models contributed to the understanding of GvHD pathophysiology and how they are fundamental for the discovery of new treatments.
A Comparison of Distinct Modes of Tumor Cell Death in Hodgkin's Disease Using Morphology and in Situ DNA Fragmentation (1996)

The study examined the morphology and frequency of cell death occurring spontaneously in lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease. In addition to necrosis, which was infrequent and usually in patches, we document two cell types showing features of individual cell death: mummy cells end apoptotic cells. Mummy cells present no evidence of DNA fragmentation, but show electron microscopic features of "dark cells." Apoptotic Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells are found frequently and are easier to demonstrate by in situ and labeling of fragmented DNA than by light microscopy only. In many cases phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is also documented. The significance of these findings to the limited number of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells in most cases of Hodgkin's disease is discussed.
Leptolysin, a Leptospira secreted metalloprotease of the pappalysin family with broad-spectrum activity (2022)

Extracellular proteolytic enzymes are produced by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, and contribute to host colonization by modulating virulence. Here, we present a first characterization of leptolysin, a <i>Leptospira</i> metalloprotease of the pappalysin family identified in a previous exoproteomic study. Comparative molecular analysis of leptolysin with two other pappalysins from prokaryotes, ulilysin and mirolysin, reveals similarities regarding calcium, zinc, and arginine -binding sites conservation within the catalytic domain, but also discloses peculiarities. Variations observed in the primary and tertiary structures may reflect differences in primary specificities. Purified recombinant leptolysin of <i>L. interrogans</i> was obtained as a ~50 kDa protein. The protease exhibited maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 37°C, and hydrolytic activity was observed in the presence of different salts with maximum efficiency in NaCl. Substrate specificity was assessed using a small number of FRET peptides, and showed a marked preference for arginine residues at the P1 position. <i>L. interrogans</i> leptolysin proteolytic activity on proteinaceous substrates such as proteoglycans and plasma fibronectin was also evaluated. All proteins tested were efficiently degraded over time, confirming the protease´s broad-spectrum activity <i>in vitro</i>. In addition, leptolysin induced morphological alterations on HK-2 cells, which may be partially attributed to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Hemorrhagic foci were observed in the dorsal skin of mice intradermally injected with leptolysin, as a plausible consequence of ECM disarray and vascular endothelium glycocalyx damage. Assuming that leptospiral proteases play an important role in all stages of the infectious process, characterizing their functional properties, substrates and mechanisms of action is of great importance for therapeutic purposes.
Flow cytometric analysis of normal human megakaryocytes (1988)

Megakaryocytes from normal routine human bone marrow aspirates were analyzed by flow cytometry for size, fine cell structure and granularity, membrane expression of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa and ploidy. Marrow cells were initially enriched for megakaryocytes by a Percoll density gradient and megakaryocytes were labeled with a fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody directed to the GPIIb/IIIa complex. The cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and stained with propidium iodide (PI) for DNA quantitation. Using two-color flow cytometry, megakaryocytes were identified by their high membrane immunofluorescence and their ploidy was determined according to the relative fluorescence intensity of the PI. Forward light scatter (FSC), correlating with cell size, 90 degrees side light scatter (SSC), reflecting primarily cell internal fine structure and granularity, and total cell membrane fluorescence were examined. To evaluate independently the relationship between size and cell membrane fluorescence obtained by flow cytometry, megakaryocytes were sorted directly on slides and analyzed by a laser-based anchored cell analyzer (ACAS). There was a strong correlation among size, SSC, and the level of membrane fluorescence. The mean diameter of megakaryocytes was 28.1 +/- 12.3 micron. The modal ploidy distribution was 16N with approximately one-fifth of the cells less than or equal to 4N. The mean FSC and SSC levels increased with increasing ploidy. However, the marked overlap observed between the ranges of these parameters in adjacent ploidy classes suggested that size and SSC increase continuously rather than by discrete steps as is characteristic for ploidy. The total surface membrane fluorescence was correlated with cell size (r = 0.98) as measured by FSC or directly by the ACAS (r = 0.85), and with cell ploidy (r = 0.99) indicating an augmentation in total membrane GPIIb/IIIa expression with an increase in cell size and ploidy. However, estimated GPIIb/IIIa fluorescence density was inversely correlated with FSC suggesting that the GPIIb/IIIa surface epitope density is decreased with increasing cell maturity. We conclude that flow cytometry is a useful technique for the rapid analysis of human megakaryocytes obtained by marrow aspiration, and should be applicable to studies of pathologic states.
Animal welfare issues in grazing (2021)

From the very beginning cattle was linked to the pastures and countryside. Development of the animal production and limited land resources pushed producers to keep cattle in places where they would be collected together. That solution helps to run breeding and husbandry procedures more efficiently. However, even with the support of genetics and management, modern agriculture faces problems related to indoor system. There is a dilemma among farmers to keep animals indoor or outdoor. In the following material attempt will be taken to analyse factors related to grazing and cattle welfare issues. This work will not only focus on Hungarian or European agriculture issues. Experiences and animal policies related to grazing cattle from different countries and regions of the world were also collected. Actions taken in one part of the world might be not applicable in another. However, it is still interesting to see how agricultural production affects nature resources and communities. There is the same background off all stories related to grazing cattle - sustainable development and particular lobby behind. Whether there is a farmer, holding, enterprise or animal welfare organisation. There is only a question if this is going to be more economical or ethical approach.
Attentional functioning and white matter integrity among survivors of malignant brain tumors of childhood (2004)

Children surviving treatment for malignant brain tumors commonly have problems maintaining their premorbid levels of intellectual development and academic achievement. Our group has been especially interested in the effects of treatment on normal appearing white matter (NAWM) on MRI and the influence of NAWM volumes on neurocognitive functioning. The present study assessed NAWM and attentional abilities among 37 long-term survivors of malignant brain tumors, ranging in age from 1.7 to 14.8 (Mdn = 6.5) years at diagnosis, who had been treated with cranial radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy 2.6 to 15.3 (Mdn = 5.7) years earlier. On the Conners' Continuous Performance Test, the Overall Index and 7 of the other 10 indices were significantly deficient compared to age- and gender-corrected normative values. After statistically controlling for the effects of age at diagnosis and time elapsed from treatment, 5 of the 8 indices were significantly associated with cerebral white matter volumes and/or specific regional white matter volumes of the prefrontal/frontal lobe and cingulate gyrus. No gender effects were observed. The results of the present study further support the contention that NAWM is an important substrate for treatment-induced neurocognitive problems among survivors of malignant brain tumors of childhood.
Micromachined structures for thermal measurements of fluid and flow parameters (2001)

In this paper thermal sensor-actuator structures are proposed that can be used to measure various fluid parameters such as thermal conductivity, flow velocity, heat capacity, kinematic viscosity and pressure. All structures are designed in such a way that they can be realized in the same fabrication process and therefore they can be easily combined in a single device. All structures are based on the principle of thermal measurements: resistive structures are used for both heating and temperature measurements. For accurate measurements the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) must be well known. Therefore, a special structure, which can be used for auto-calibration, was designed to measure the TCR. A first device containing structures for the combined measurement of flow velocity, thermal conductivity and TCR has been fabricated. Measurements show promising results.
Unique white matter structural connectivity in early-stage drug-naive Parkinson disease (2019)

By minimizing variance in anatomical connectivity, this study found the presence of a novel WM structural connectome in early PD that correlated with clinical symptoms, despite the lack of a priori analytic assumptions. This included the novel finding of increased structural connectivity between known PD-relevant brain regions. The current study provides a framework for further investigation of WM structural changes underlying the clinical and pathologic heterogeneity of PD.
A novel 40-GHhz flip-flop-based frequency divider in 0.18&#x03BC;m CMOS (2005)

This paper presents a 40GHz flip-flop-based frequency divider incorporating a latch topology with two distinct tail current sources and an enabled cross-coupled pair during the tracking mode, to speed up the latch operation and to increase the driving capability. The proposed frequency divider performs at 40GHz without shunt or series peaking inductors. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.18/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process provided by Jazz Semiconductor, where only CMOS transistors were used. It draws 5mA current from a 1.8V supply voltage.
Wavelet Theory: An Elementary Approach with Applications (2009)

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 The Complex Plane and the Space L 2 (R). 1.1 Complex Numbers and Basic Operations. Problems. 1.2 The Space L 2 (R). Problems. 1.3 Inner Products. Problems. 1.4 Bases and Projections. Problems. 2 Fourier Series and Fourier Transformations. 2.1 Euler's Formula and the Complex Exponential Function. Problems. 2.2 Fourier Series. Problems. 2.3 The Fourier Transform. Problems. 2.4 Convolution and B-Splines. Problems. 3 Haar Spaces. 3.1 The Haar Space V 0 . Problems. 3.2 The General Haar Space V j . Problems. 3.3 The Haar Wavelet Space W 0 . Problems. 3.4 The General Haar Wavelet Space W j . Problems. 3.5 Decomposition and Reconstruction. Problems. 3.6 Summary. 4 The Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform and Applications. 4.1 The One-Dimensional Transformation. Problems. 4.2 The Two-Dimensional Transformation. Problems. 4.3 Edge Detection and Naive Image Compression. 5 Multiresolution Analysis. 5.1 Multiresolution Analysis. Problems. 5.2 The View from the Transform Domain. Problems. 5.3 Examples of Multiresolution Analyses. Problems. 5.4 Summary. 6 Daubechies Scaling Functions and Wavelets. 6.1 Constructing the Daubechies Scaling Functions. Problems. 6.2 The Cascade Algorithm. Problems. 6.3 Orthogonal Translates, Coding and Projections. Problems. 7 The Discrete Daubechies Transformation and Applications. 7.1 The Discrete Daubechies Wavelet Transform. Problems. 7.2 Projections and Signal and Image Compression. Problems. 7.3 Naive Image Segmentation. Problems. 8 Biorthogonal Scaling Functions and Wavelets. 8.1 A Biorthogonal Example and Duality. Problems. 8.2 Biorthogonality Conditions for Symbols and Wavelet Spaces. Problems. 8.3 Biorthogonal Spline Filter Pairs and the CDF97 Filter Pair. Problems. 8.4 Decomposition and Reconstruction. Problems. 8.5 The Discrete Biorthogonal Wavelet Transformation. Problems. 8.6 Riesz Basis Theory. Problems. 9 Wavelet Packets. 9.1 Constructing Wavelet Packet Functions. Problems. 9.2 Wavelet Packet Spaces. Problems. 9.3 The Discrete Packet Transform and Best Basis Algorithm. Problems. 9.4 The FBI Fingerprint Compression Standard. Appendix A: Huffman Coding. Problems. References. Topic Index. Author Index.
The influence of blood on targeted microbubbles (2014)

The ability to successfully target the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic molecules has been a key goal of biomedical research for many decades. Despite highly promising in vitro results, however, successful translation of targeted drug delivery into clinical use has been extremely limited. This study investigates the significance of the characteristics of whole blood, which are rarely accounted for in vitro assays, as a possible explanation for the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments. It is shown using two separate model systems employing either biochemical or magnetic targeting that blood causes a substantial reduction in targeting efficiency relative to saline under the same flow conditions. This finding has important implications for the design of targeted drug delivery systems and the assays used in their development.
Supervised Group Nonnegative Matrix Factorisation With Similarity Constraints And Applications To Speaker Identification (2017)

International audience
Prevalence and relevance of impaired left ventricular function in chronic moderate regurgitation of native aortic valves (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Reduced ejection fraction (EF) in chronic moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) could be either due to a late remodelling response after longstanding moderate AR, or could represent a specific phenotype of cardiomyopathy (CMP) with concomitant AR. The aim of this study was to analyse progression of left ventricular (LV) impairment in moderate AR.<b>Methods:</b> All patients in our echocardiography database between 2005 and 2016 were screened to identify pure chronic moderate AR, excluding significant coronary artery disease (CAD) or concomitant valve disease. Remaining 152 patients were divided into three groups: (a) preserved systolic LV function; (b) reduced LV EF and prediagnosed concomitant cardiomyopathy (CMP); (c) reduced LV EF without prediagnosed CMP.<b>Results:</b> The majority patients (group A = 66%) had preserved systolic LV function, remaining oligosymptomatic with stable LVEDD at follow-up. Non-CMP patients with reduced EF at baseline (group C = 18%) were significantly older (group C: 74 vs. group A: 61 years, <i>p</i> < .001) whereas left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) significantly increased over time (<i>p</i> = .046). Development of renal insufficiency, atrial fibrillation and NYHA > II were significant risk factors linked to the worsening of LV function in patients with moderate AR.<b>Conclusion:</b> Preserved LV EF and LVEDD remain stable over a long lasting period in the majority of patients. However, these data suggest that some patients develop reduced LV EF, even without progression of AR to severe, especially if renal insufficiency or atrial fibrillation are present.
Propensity matched analysis examining the effect of passive reversal of direct oral anticoagulants on blood loss and the need for transfusions among traumatic geriatric hip fractures (2023)

Passive DOAC reversal for geriatric patients with isolated hip fracture requiring surgery may be contributing to delayed surgery and an increased HLOS without having a significant effect on blood loss or transfusions. These data suggest that passive DOAC reversal may not be necessary prior to surgical repair of isolated hip fracture.
Cell dimensions of hydrocarbon crystals: Surface effects (1974)

The unit-cell dimensions of a given polyethylene have previously been shown to vary nearly linearly with the reciprocal of lamella thickness. Data obtained at 153.2 and 296.2°K are presented to show that the slope of this dependence is different for crystals of orthorhombic n -paraffins, melt-crystallized polyethylene, and solution-crystallized polyethylene. Within the limits of error, all extrapolate to the same basal area at infinite lamella thickness, and this agrees with the measured value for a sample crystallized from the melt under high pressure to yield a long period of about 3500 Å. Since the effect is a surface one, it is proposed that these differences result from the differences between methyl interactions, fold interactions, different fold planes, domains, etc. It is shown that the variation of cell dimension with lamella thickness leads to a quadratic term in the variation of macroscopic density. This term permits the separation of the thickness and density of a lower-density surface layer in a two-phase model.
Basicity of Some Mono- and Bicyclic Enamines and Tricyclenamines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBasicity of Some Mono- and Bicyclic Enamines and TricyclenaminesA. Gilbert Cook, Michelle L. Absi, and Virginia K. BowdenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 10, 3169–3171Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00115a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00115a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts