gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Prostate Cancer Histopathology Image Segmentation via Meta-Learning (2023)

We propose a novel unsupervised meta-learning based segmentation algorithm for histopathology images. The proposed algorithm does not require any kind of patch-level annotations and relies solely on image labels, corresponding to any classification task, and direct feedback from a classifier. Furthermore, instead of simply segmenting histopathology images into different types of tissue, our algorithm determines the relative importance of each tissue region. After thresholding, the produced segmentations can also be used as regions of interest for various machine learning based diagnosis systems. We have tested our approach on Prostate cANcer graDe Assessment (PANDA) dataset and obtained 0.79 AUC, when testing the segmentation performance at patch-level, and 0.432 Dice coefficient, when testing precise segmentation, which is comparable to 0.446, described in related work which performed a supervised segmentation with U-Net. Note that no pixel level annotations were used.
A New Method for Measuring the Diameter of the in Vivo Human Cornea (1982)

An in vivo method of measuring the size of the human cornea by using catoptric imagery as devised for both closed-circuit television and 35-mm camera systems. The system was validated by using precision reticules and casts of eyes. The reproducibility of the closed-circuit television system was +/- 0.11 mm. The mean horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) for a sample of the right eyes of 50 subjects was 12.89 +/- 0.60 mm. The system was also used to measure horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID). The mean HVID for the same sample was 11.64 +/- 0.49 mm. Although there was a good general correlation between HCD and HVID, the HVID was found to be a poor predictor of HCD for the individual eye.
Biomass‐Derived Materials for Interface Engineering in Organic/Perovskite Photovoltaic and Light‐Emitting Devices (2023)

Abstract Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic optoelectronic devices receive considerable attention due to their lower cost, mechanical flexibility, bandgap engineering, and solution processability. In particular, achieving sustainability in solar cells and light emitting devices is an important milestone in the development of green electronics. This has facilitated a close collaboration between different technological fields, opening new ways for low‐cost production and application of biomaterials. Recently, biomass materials, mainly derived from plants, animals and microorganisms, have emerged as effective candidates to modify the interfacial properties, and thus enhance the performance, lifetime, and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Compared to the commonly used synthetic interfacial materials, the use of biomass interlayer materials (BIMs) is still in its embryonic stages; however, their nontoxicity, biorelevance, sustainability, special proton conductivity, and rich functional groups are stimulating researchers around the globe to fabricate novel devices with improved efficiency. Herein, a comprehensive review of BIMs and their importance in next‐generation optoelectronic devices is provided. A well‐targeted comparison between the electrical and physical properties of different BIMs is provided, and how such characteristics improve the performance of three key optoelectronic devices: OSCs, PVSCs and OLEDs, is discussed.
Autonomous Reaction Network Exploration in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis (2022)

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11244-021-01543-9.
Motor Assessment of the Developing Infant (1994)

Theories of Motor Development. Motor Assessment of the Developing Infant. Alberta Infant Motor Scale: Construction of a Motor Assessment Tool for the Developing Infant. Administration Guidelines. Prone Subscale. Supine Subscale. Sit Subscale. Stand Subscale. Clinical Uses of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Psychometric Properties of the Aims. Norm-Referencing of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale.
Chemical variability of artificial stone powders in relation to their health effects (2019)

The occurrence of highly severe silica-related diseases among the resin- and silica-based artificial stone workers was claimed, associated to an extremely short latency. High levels of exposure and intrinsic properties of AS are thought to modulate the development of silicosis and auto-immune diseases. This study compares parent materials and processed dusts, to shed light on changes of AS occurring in the manufacturing process, through an XRF, EPR and XAS investigation. We point out the extremely wide variability of the materials, the occurrence of chemical signatures impressed by the processing techniques, and the unprecedented generation of stable radicals associated to the lysis of the Si-O chemical bond inside the resin coated respirable crystalline silica. These results suggest that the AS processing in industrial stone workshops can create respirable dusts with peculiar physical and chemical properties, to be correlated to the observed clinical evidences.
The Relationship between DUGBE Virus Infection and Autophagy in Epithelial Cells (2022)

Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) is a tick-borne arbovirus within the order <i>Bunyavirales.</i> Although displaying mild pathogenic potential, DUGV is genetically related to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), another orthonairovirus that causes severe liver dysfunction and hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans. As we previously observed that CCHFV infection could massively recruit and lipidate MAP1LC3 (LC3), a core factor involved in the autophagic degradation of cytosolic components, we asked whether DUGV infection also substantially impacts the autophagy machinery in epithelial cells. We observed that DUGV infection does impose LC3 lipidation in cultured hepatocytes. DUGV infection also caused an upregulation of the <i>MAP1LC3</i> and <i>SQSTM1/p62</i> transcript levels, which were, however, more moderate than those seen during CCHFV infection. In contrast, unlike during CCHFV infection, the modulation of core autophagy factors could influence both LC3 lipidation and viral particle production: the silencing of <i>ATG5</i> and/or <i>ATG7</i> diminished the induction of LC3 lipidation and slightly upregulated the level of infectious DUGV particle production. Overall, the results are compatible with the notion that in epithelial cells infected with DUGV in vitro, the autophagy machinery may be recruited to exert a certain level of restriction on viral replication. Thus, the relationship between DUGV infection and autophagy in epithelial cells appears to present both similarities and distinctions with that seen during CCHFV infection.
QASem Parsing: Text-to-text Modeling of QA-based Semantics (2022)

Several recent works have suggested to represent semantic relations with questions and answers, decomposing textual information into separate interrogative natural language statements. In this paper, we consider three QA-based semantic tasks - namely, QA-SRL, QANom and QADiscourse, each targeting a certain type of predication - and propose to regard them as jointly providing a comprehensive representation of textual information. To promote this goal, we investigate how to best utilize the power of sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) pre-trained language models, within the unique setup of semi-structured outputs, consisting of an unordered set of question-answer pairs. We examine different input and output linearization strategies, and assess the effect of multitask learning and of simple data augmentation techniques in the setting of imbalanced training data. Consequently, we release the first unified QASem parsing tool, practical for downstream applications who can benefit from an explicit, QA-based account of information units in a text.
Exploring the Orthosteric Binding Site of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Using 4-(Piperidin-4-yl)-1-hydroxypyrazoles 3- or 5-Imidazolyl Substituted: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation (2013)

A series of 4-(piperidin-4-yl)-1-hydroxypyrazole (4-PHP) 3- or 5-imidazolyl substituted analogues have been designed, synthesized, and characterized pharmacologically. All analogues showed binding affinities in the low micro- to low nanomolar range at native rat GABAA receptors and were found to be antagonists at the human α1β2γ2s receptor. The structure–activity relationship of the compound series demonstrates distinct differences in size and architecture of previously discovered cavities in the vicinity of the 4-PHP scaffold in the orthosteric binding site.
Anaerobic Conversion of DDT to DDD and Aerobic Stability of DDT in Soil (1968)

Abstract 14 C‐DDT and carrier DDT were added to nonamended and to 1% alfalfa‐amended Pawnee silt loam. One set of sterile and nonsterile soil samples was incubated anaerobically, and another set was incubated aerobically. After predetermined periods of incubation, the soil samples were extracted, the extracts chromatographed on thin layer plates, and the separated radioactive DDT and decomposition products transferred into vials for quantitative determination by liquid scintillation counting. DDT was converted to DDD (TDE) in an anaerobic soil system by microorganisms; only traces of six other degradation products were detected. Amending the soil with 1% alfalfa increased the rate of conversion, and less than 1% of the applied DDT was recovered in the soil extract as the original molecule after 12 weeks of incubation. After six months of aerobic incubation, 75% of the added DDT was recovered in both the sterile and nonsterile soils. A maximum of 4% DDE and a trace of DDD was detected during the incubation period. Less than 1% of the carbon‐14 in the phenyl ring of DDT was oxidized to CO 2 in the nonsterile soil. No radioactivity was found in n ‐hexane traps, indicating no loss of DDT in the vapor phase.
Five new cyanobacterial peptides from water bloom materials of lake Teganuma (Japan) (1999)

Five new cyanobacterial peptides, named microginins T1 (1) and T2 (2), micropeptins T1 (3) and T2 (4) and anabaenopeptin T (5), were isolated from cyanobacterial water bloom materials of lake Teganuma (Japan), collected in 1994, 1995 and 1997. Their structures were determined by two-dimensional 1H-1H and 1H-13C NMR correlation experiments and confirmed by mass spectral and amino acid analyses. Their stereochemistries were deduced by spectral and chemical studies. The peptides showed a unique pattern of inhibition when tested in assays for trypsin, plasmin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Each peptide inhibited at least one and sometimes two proteases with characteristic IC50 values.
Virtual test reduces semiconductor product development time (2001)

In the semiconductor industry&apos;s evolutionary life cycle, the speed at which products are introduced to the market-place is key to the competitive success of individual companies. The semiconductor industry is classed as a fast-changing industry in which product technology, manufacturing process technology and industry organisation need to be continuously updated in relatively short cycle times. This paper looks at the test engineering aspect of the IC (integrated circuit) product development process and describes how an emerging `virtual test&apos; methodology can be effectively applied to reduce the overall product development time for semiconductor devices.
A Novel Metamaterial-Based Planar Integrated Luneburg Lens Antenna With Wide Bandwidth and High Gain (2019)

A novel metamaterial-based and broadband planar integrated Luneburg lens antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna is applied as the source to illuminate the operation of the Luneburg lens. In particular, air-via metamaterial structures are loaded in front of the SIW horn aperture to realize broadband performance. Meanwhile, the feeding structure by the SIW horn antenna and the Luneburg lens are integrated through this air-via metamaterial transition. Accordingly, the air-via unit cells are designed and arranged in an array with an equivalent gradient refractive index through diameters to achieve good wave focusing effects. Besides, a good agreement is observed between simulations and experiments. The measured results indicate that a wide bandwidth from 16 to 28 GHz is realized with the return loss below -10 dB. Moreover, high end-fire gains varying from 12.5 to 17 dBi are obtained in the band of 18-27 GHz.
Human olfactory marker protein maps close to tyrosinase and is a candidate gene for Usher syndrome type I (1993)

Olfactory marker protein (OMP) shows olfactory neuron-specific expression in rodents. We recently reported tight linkage on mouse chromosome 7 of OMP to the shaker-1 deafness mutant, between the tyrosinase and globin loci. Here we isolate and map the human homologue. Our results show that OMP maps immediately centromeric to tyrosinase on the long arm of human chromosome 11. Genetic linkage to this region has recently been established for Usher Syndrome Type I, an autosomal recessive blindness and deafness disorder and a putative homologue of the shaker-1 mutant. OMP is thus a candidate gene for both congenital deafness defects.
Serum sphingolipidomic analyses reveal an upregulation of C16- ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

We have recently shown that major alterations of serum sphingolipid metabolites in chronic liver disease associate significantly with the stage of liver fibrosis in corresponding patients. In the current study we assessed via mass spectrometry serum concentrations of sphingolipid metabolites in a series of 122 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to an age- and sex-matched series of 127 patients with cirrhosis. We observed a highly significant upregulation of long and very long chain ceramides (C16-C24) in the serum of patients with HCC as compared to patients with cirrhosis (P < 0.001). Accordingly, dihydro-ceramides, synthetic precursors of ceramides and notably sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and sphinganine-1-phosphate (SA1P) were upregulated in patients with HCC (P < 0.001). Especially the diagnostic accuracy of C16-ceramide and S1P, assessed by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, showed a higher area under the curve (AUC) value as compared to alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (0.999 and 0.985 versus 0.823, P < 0.001 respectively). In conclusion, serum levels of sphingolipid metabolites show a significant upregulation in patients with HCC as compared to patients with cirrhosis. Particularly C16-ceramide and S1P may serve as novel diagnostic markers for the identification of HCC in patients with liver diseases. Our data justify further investigations on the role of sphingolipids in HCC.
Attitude Estimation of a Projectile using Magnetometers and Accelerometers: Experimental Validation (2014)

A priori information given by the complete modeling of the ballistic behavior (trajectory, attitude) of a projectile is simplified to give a pertinent reduced evolution model. An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is designed to estimate three attitude angles from measurements of the magnetic field of the earth given by a three axis magnetometer sensor embedded on the projectile, completed with a three axis accelerometer. 
The algorithm has been tested on real data recorded during a free flight test over a distance of 400 meters. The results show that we can estimate milliradians with non-linear equations and approximations, with good accuracy.
Stent for Life in France (2012)

France was chosen to be one of the six first pilot countries of the "Stent for Life" European initiative. First, a prospective registry was set up in five representative French regions, including all admissions within the first 48 hours of ST-elevated acute cardiac syndrome between 1st and 30th November 2010. The second step was to improve results. The main objective was to encourage members of the public experiencing chest pain to call immediately the SAMU's direct line (phone number "15"). Another action was to organise medical meetings in order to improve the management of these patients. Letters were also sent to general physicians to alert them to the issue and to the Stent for Life project. The third step consisted of creating a new registry, in November 2011, to assess the impact of the above actions on an area basis. It has resulted in streamlining the networks and bringing the rate of non-reperfusion down below the 10% threshold. Much remains to be done to improve public awareness of life-saving actions.
Biomechanical and Radiographic Analysis of Partial Coracoclavicular Ligament Injuries (2008)

Zanca radiograph may detect incomplete injury to the coracoclavicular ligaments associated with acromioclavicular disruption.
Reduction of aryltrimethylsilanes as a synthetic method. Part I. Electrochemical reduction (1974)

Electrochemical reduction of aryltrimethyl-silanes and -germanes affords a convenient preparative route to silyl- and germyl-substituted cyclohexa-1,4-dienes, since in most cases the products resist further reduction. The nature of the products is in accord with a Birch-type reduction mechanism. Trimethyl(phenyl)silane gives cyclohexa-2,5-dienyltrimethylsilane in 79% yield. The three bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene isomers and trimethyl-m-tolylsilane give the isomers predicted on the basis of the electronic effects of the substituent groups, but trimethyl-p-tolylsilane, in which the directing effects conflict, gives a mixture of products. Steric as well as electronic influences are probably important. Trialkyl(phenyl)germanes behave analogously to trimethyl(phenyl)silane, but trimethyl(phenyl)tin undergoes cleavage of the tin–carbon bond. The two stereoisomers of 3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene were isolated and tentatively assigned configurations.
Qualifying composition dependent p and n self-doping in CH3NH3PbI3 (2020)

We report the observation of self-doping in perovskite. CH3NH3PbI3 was found to be either n- or p-doped by changing the ratio of methylammonium halide (MAI) and lead iodine (PbI2) which are the two precursors for perovskite formation. MAI-rich and PbI2-rich perovskite films are p and n self-doped, respectively. Thermal annealing can convert the p-type perovskite to n-type by removing MAI. The carrier concentration varied as much as six orders of magnitude. A clear correlation between doping level and device performance was also observed.
Administration of Exogenous Growth Hormone Is Associated with Changes in Plasma and Intracellular Mammary Amino Acid Profiles and Abundance of the Mammary Gland Amino Acid Transporter SLC3A2 in Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows (2015)

The objectives of this study were to (1) identify changes in plasma and mammary intracellular amino acid (AA) profiles in dairy cows treated with growth hormone (GH), and (2) evaluate the expression of mammary gland genes involved in the transport of AA identified in (1). Eight non-pregnant (n = 4 per group) lactating dairy cows were treated with a single subcutaneous injection of either a slow-release formulation of commercially available GH (Lactotropin 500 mg) or physiological saline solution. Six days after treatment, cows were milked and blood collected from the jugular vein for the analysis of free AA in the plasma. Cows were euthanized and mammary tissue harvested. Treatment with GH increased milk, protein, fat and lactose yields, with no effect on dry matter intake. Plasma concentrations of lysine and group I AA decreased significantly, and arginine, methionine, tyrosine and arginine-family AA tended to decrease in GH-treated cows. Concentrations of intracellular glycine, serine and glutamate increased significantly, with a trend for decreased arginine observed in the mammary gland of GH-treated cows. A trend for increased concentrations of intracellular total AA, NEAA and arginine-family AA were observed in the mammary gland of GH-treated cows. Variance in the concentration of plasma methionine, tyrosine, valine, alanine, ornithine, BCAA, EAA was significantly different between treatments. Variance in the concentration of intracellular lysine, valine, glutamine, EAA and group II was significantly different between treatments. AA changes were associated with increased mRNA abundance of the mammary gland AA transporter SLC3A2. We propose that these changes occur to support increased milk protein and fatty acid production in the mammary gland of GH-treated cows via potential mTOR pathway signaling.
Protection of mitomycin C induced skin extravasation with the nitroxide, 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL (3-CP) (1997)

Extravasation tissue injury from chemotherapeutic drugs is a serious clinical problem. A swine model has been useful for studying skin extravasation and evaluating potential antidotes. Mitomycin C (MMC) skin extravasation was studied. Nitroxides, a class of compounds which are protective against a variety of oxidative stresses in vitro, including MMC, were tested as antidotes. Miniature swine were anesthetized and given intradermal (ID) injections of MMC. MMC alone caused skin necrosis and ulceration. Several nitroxides were screened as protectors of MMC induced skin necrosis. 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL (3-CP) was the lone nitroxide which protected if given 5 min after extravasation. Administration of 3-CP 10 min after MMC injection was not protective. In vitro studies with monolayered V79 cells showed that 3-CP had a direct protective effect against MMC cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent fashion. Therefore, in the swine model doses of 3-CP ranging from 25-100 mM were tested and found to protect against MMC skin necrosis 90 days after injection. Histologic sections of the 3-CP- and MMC-treated pig skin showed a marked reduction in the degree of acute inflammation and the absence of deep dermal scarring when compared to MMC alone.
Randomized Trial of Probiotics and Calcium on Diarrhea and Respiratory Tract Infections in Indonesian Children (2012)

RC milk, alone or with L casei, did not reduce diarrhea or ARTIs in Indonesian children. L reuteri may prevent diarrhea, especially in children with lower nutritional status.