gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damage Detection and Self-Repair in Inflatable/Deployable Structures (2009)

Inflatable/deployable structures are under consideration for applications as varied as expansion modules for the International Space Station to destinations for space tourism to habitats for the lunar surface. Monitoring and maintaining the integrity of the physical structure is critical, particularly since these structures rely on non-traditional engineering materials such as fabrics, foams, and elastomeric polymers to provide the primary protection for the human crew. The closely related prior concept of monitoring structural integrity by use of built-in or permanently attached sensors has been applied to structures made of such standard engineering materials as metals, alloys, and rigid composites. To effect monitoring of flexible structures comprised mainly of soft goods, however, it will be necessary to solve a different set of problems - especially those of integrating power and data-transfer cabling that can withstand, and not unduly interfere with, stowage and subsequent deployment of the structures. By incorporating capabilities for self-repair along with capabilities for structural health monitoring, successful implementation of these technologies would be a significant step toward semi-autonomous structures, which need little human intervention to maintain. This would not only increase the safety of these structures, but also reduce the inspection and maintenance costs associated with more conventional structures.
Impact of saturated and trans fatty acid enriched oil blends on atherosclerosis in rabbits fed cholesterol-free diets. (1997)

Thirty six-male New Zealand White rabbits subdivided into four dietary groups (9 animals per group) were fed high fat (36% en), cholesterol-free diets for nine months. The dietary oil blends were formulated to contain high levels of the target fatty acids namely trans-rich (partially hydrogenated soybean oil; TRANS), cis monounsaturated-rich (rapeseed, sunflower seed oil and palm olein; MONO), palmitic-rich (palm olein; POL) and lauric-myristic rich (coconut, palm kernel and corn oils; LM). Ad libitum feeding of the rabbits resulted in normal growth throughout the nine months and no differences in the final body weights of the animals were evident at autopsy. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly elevated only by the LM enriched diet compared with all other treatments; values were comparable between the other three treatment groups. Changes in the total cholesterol were not reflected in the VLDL and LDL lipoproteins. However, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lowered by the TRANS diet compared with all other dietary groups. HDL-cholesterol was also significantly increased by the LM diet in comparison to the POL-diet. Both adipose and liver triglyceride fatty acid compositions tended to reflect the type of fatty acids fed the animals. Trans fatty acids were evident only in animals fed the trans diet and it was apparent that the trans fatty acids competed with linoleic acid for incorporation into these tissues. Increased concentrations of lauric and myristic fatty acids in the LM-fed animals were also evident. In the POL and high MONO fed rabbits, palmitic and oleic fatty acids (respectively) were concentrated in the adipose and liver. The diets, however, failed to induce severe atherosclerosis in this study. This can be explained, in part, by the lack of dietary cholesterol and the use of plant (rather than animal) proteins in our dietary formulations. The effect of these important atherosclerosis modulators in association with these fatty acids requires further evaluation.
Cryopreservation an Engraftment Potential of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells: Pediatric Experience. (2001)

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) harvests were performed from children with various types of cancer in our institution. The PBSC was cryopreserved using the simplified method at -80 degrees C with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) without a programmed freezer. To determine the optimum cryo-storage time in this method, 33 samples harvested from 33 patients were investigated. While there was no correlation between the time of cryopreservation and the nucleated cell recovery rates, the CFU-GM recovery rate was negatively correlated with the cryopreservation times (p < 0.01). The CFU-GM recovery rate after 2, 3, and 5 years cryopreservation was 74%, 56%, and 21%, respectively. To date, 22 of the 33 children have subsequently received PBSCT using their cryopreserved cells. The number of infused CFU-GM of PBSCs was 6.9-114.6 (median 20.5) x 10(4)/kg. The cryopreservation time of infused PBSCs was 1-35 (median 4) months. After PBSCT, the absolute neutrophils count (ANC) achieved 500/mm3 between 8-16 (median 10.5) days, and the platelet count achieved 5.0 x 10(4)/mm3 between 13-200 (median 29) days. We have experienced PBSCT using PBSCs after 35 months cryopreservation as the maximum and successful engraftment. It has been clarified in this study that PBSCs could be clinically used successfully after 3 years cryopreservation.
Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors Design of Carbon Nanotube Gas Sensors Simulation Studies of Nanotube-Based Gas Sensing Sensing Mechanisms Applications of CNT Sensors Conclusions References
Duration of Lactation and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Lactation places a considerable metabolic burden on mothers through increasing energy requirements, but there are reports that lactation may lower the risk that type 2 diabetes will develop in the future. The authors report a prospective observational cohort study examining the association between type 2 diabetes and the history of lactation in 83,585 parous women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). In addition, a retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken in 73,418 parous women taking part in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II). A history of breast feeding was obtained from 64% of women in the NHS cohort and 85% of those in the NHS II cohort. In both groups, the lifetime duration of breast feeding increased with parity. Women who breastfed for longer times were relatively less likely to have a family history of diabetes. In the NHS cohort, there were 5145 cases of type 2 diabetes during 1,239,709 person-years of follow up in the years 1986–2002. The NHS II cohort included 1132 women diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes during 778,876 person-years of follow up in 1989–2001. An increased duration of lactation was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Women in the NHS group who gave birth in the past 15 years had a 15% reduction in the risk of diabetes for each additional year of lactation. The corresponding risk reduction in the NHS II cohort was 14%. These estimates were made while controlling for current body mass index and other risk factors relevant to type 2 diabetes. Women in the NHS II cohort who had a history of gestational diabetes were at markedly increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but lactation had no influence on the risk of diabetes in these women. In these large cohorts of parous women, those reporting an increased duration of breast feeding were at reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Along with clinical reports of improved glucose metabolism in lactating women, these findings suggest that lactation may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. The physiological factors underlying this association require further study.
Radiometric measurement techniques for in-depth characterization of photoreactors – part 2: 3 dimensional and integral radiometry (2021)

The development and potentials of a three-dimensionally resolving radiometric scanning method, complemented by integrating sphere measurements are presented for the evaluation of the radiation field of photoreactors.
Ultrafast manipulation of magnetic anisotropy in a uniaxial intermetallic heterostructure TbCo2/FeCo (2022)

Abstract We study experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of spin relaxation motion excited by a femtosecond pulse in the TbCo 2 /FeCo multilayer structures with different ratios of TbCo 2 to FeCo thicknesses <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . The main attribute of the structure is in-plane magnetic anisotropy that is artificially induced during sputtering under a DC magnetic field. The optical pump-probe method revealed strongly damped high-frequency oscillations of the dynamical Kerr rotation angle, followed by its slow relaxation to the initial state. Modeling experimental results using the Landau–Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation showed that the observed entire dynamics is due to destruction and restoration of magnetic anisotropy rather than to demagnetization. For the pumping fluence of 7 mJ cm −2 , the maximal photo-induced disruption of the anisotropy field is about 14% for the sample with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:math> and decreases when r d increases. The anisotropy relaxation is a three-stage process: the ultrafast one occurs within several picoseconds, and the slow one occurs on a nanosecond time scale. The Gilbert damping in the multilayers is found to be one order of magnitude higher than that in the constituent monolayers.
Pedestrian sensing for increased traffic safety and efficiency at signalized intersections (2011)

Summary form only given. The Demo from Funkwerk plettac shows an innovative system for masking of privacy zones in video surveillance systems in order to meet the requirements of data privacy, especially in public areas.
Direct demonstration of inhibitory interactions between long interval intracortical inhibition and short interval intracortical inhibition (2011)

A subthreshold conditioning stimulation (CS) suppresses the motor-evoked potential (MEP) generated by a test stimulation (TS) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1–5ms in a paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol, a phenomenon termed short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Intracortical facilitation (ICF) occurs at ISIs of 7–30ms. Long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) is elicited with suprathreshold CS preceding the TS at ISIs of 50–200 ms. Previous studies showed that SICI is decreased in the presence of LICI but whether this is due to changes in descending indirect waves (I-waves) induced by LICI or true inhibitory interactions between LICI and SICI has not been resolved. To address this issue, we recorded I-waves in two patients with implanted cervical epidural electrodes and investigated how SICI and ICF changed I-waves in the presence of LICI. SICI alone reduced late I-waves but in the presence of LICI, neither the I-waves nor the MEP were further inhibited by SICI. ICF alone increased MEP amplitude but the I-waves were not facilitated. There was no change of ICF in the presence of LICI compared with ICF alone. We conclude that decreased SICI in the presence of LICI is not due to changes in I-wave content induced by LICI and is caused by their interactions at the cortical level.
Graph learning with Laplacian constraints: Modeling attractive Gaussian Markov random fields (2016)

Graphs are fundamental mathematical structures used in various fields to represent data, signals and processes. This paper proposes a novel framework for learning graphs from data. The proposed framework (i) poses the graph learning problem as estimation of generalized graph Laplacian matrices and (ii) develops an efficient algorithm. Under specific statistical assumptions, the proposed formulation leads to modeling attractive Gaussian Markov random fields. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms sparse inverse covariance estimation methods in terms of graph learning performance.
Brain Mapping Techniques to Maximize Resection, Safety, and Seizure Control in Children with Brain Tumors (1989)

Abstract Intraoperative brain mapping techniques were used to localize language cortex, sensorimotor pathways, and seizure foci in children with supratentorial brain tumors. The methods of direct cortical and subcortical stimulation, in addition to electrocorticography, enabled us to maximize tumor resection, minimize morbidity, and eradicate epileptogenic zones which were always adjacent to, but not involving, the tumor nidus. Language localization was found to be quite variable in the children tested and anatomically unpredictable based on the preoperative neurological or radiological examination. Physiological mapping techniques, therefore, appear to be safe, reliable, and very useful for operations on tumors located within or adjacent to eloquent brain regions in the pediatric population.
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for rapid identification of Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella species, including Salmonella Typhi. (2007)

This PCR method allows S. Typhi to be identified immediately so that appropriate antibiotic treatment can be initiated without delay.
Undulator-Based Laser Wakefield Accelerator Electron Beam Energy Spread and Emittance Diagnostic (2010)

The design and current status of experiments to couple the Tapered Hybrid Undulator (THUNDER) to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) laser plasma accelerator (LPA) to measure electron beam energy spread and emittance are presented.
STANDFIRE : A collaborative research fuel and fire modeling platform in support of fuel management efforts (2015)

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Design and characterization of a shape memory alloy based micro-actuator for tactile stimulation (2004)

This paper describes the design, modeling and implementation of a novel shape memory alloy (SMA) based micro-actuator intended for high resolution tactile displays. In order to evaluate the characteristics of SMA devices, existing constitutive models are used to predict their dynamic behavior. In particular, thermal and mechanical properties are studied and analyzed. Time domain and force-displacement open loop experimental results are presented to validate simulation performance. The accuracy of the models may be used to design actuators under specifications of dimension, force and speed. Inspired by a simple retractable ballpoint pen-like mechanism, the actuator's design concept is described in detail. In conclusion, the prototype and preliminary results are presented and discussed.
It is error only, and not truth, that shrinks from inquiry (2010)

Mike O’Brien, minister of state for health services, made a statement that cannot be allowed to stand without exposing its fallacies and cynicism:

> Further research into the efficacy of therapies such as homoeopathy is unlikely to settle the debate, such is the controversy surrounding the subject. That is why the …
Efficient blue perovskite nanocrystal light emitting diodes (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Blue nanocrystal perovskite LEDs have traditionally lagged behind their red and green cousins. Here, we discuss the reasons for this lag and propose solutions to these problems, producing high efficiency blue perovskite LEDs. We demonstrate the NiOx, a transport material in one of the highest performing devices to date, reduces the performance of nanocrystals near to the interface. By replacing it with an alternative transport structure, we show that the nanocrystal emission is unperturbed. We then build full LEDs out of this transport structure, increasing the EQE from 0.03% to 0.50%, the highest for inorganic perovskite nanocrystals at this wavelength. We further show that the benefits of this transport structure relax as the energetics redshift, as our blue-green devices match those from literature. These results are a useful step forward towards commercially relevant perovskite LEDs.
Type-I hypersensitivity as a component of eosinophilic myositis (muscular sarcocystosis) in cattle (1989)

Eight bovine hearts with lesions of eosinophilic myositis (EM) and 2 bovine hearts without EM lesions were collected at slaughter. Blood samples from these 10 hearts, and the heart of a newborn calf also were collected. Histologically, Sarcocystis cruzi was identified in the 8 hearts with EM lesions and the 2 hearts without EM lesions, but not in the heart of the newborn calf. Serum was harvested from the 10 blood samples and was used in homologous, modified, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests. Antigen was prepared from S cruzi bradyzoites isolated from the 2 hearts without EM lesions. Serum samples from the 8 cattle with EM lesions reacted positively to S cruzi antigen. When heat-inactivated IgE in serum (56 C for 4 hours) was used, all passive cutaneous anaphylaxis responses were considered negative. Using ELISA, serum IgE concentrations from the 10 cattle with and without EM lesions were 2.2 to 9 U/ml. As determined by radial immunodiffusion, IgM concentrations were 80 to 215 mg/dl. Immunoglobulin G concentrations were 420 to 2,050 mg/dl, but most were less than or equal to 1,700 mg/dl. Immunoglobulin A concentrations were 0 to 62 mg/dl; 1 steer with EM lesions had 0 mg/dl. Double-gel immunodiffusion confirmed the presence of Sarcocystis-specific precipitating antibodies. Sera from the 10 cattle with and without EM lesions formed at least 1 precipitin band.
Reexamination of the Depth Error in XBT Data (1991)

By using the accumulated datasets of CTD-XBT comparison experiments since 1985, the depth errors for both T-7 and T-6 probes were reexamined. All the XBT probes used here were manufactured by the Tsurumi-Seiki Company, Limited, Japan. The same method as that of Hanawa and Yoritaka was adopted for the detection of depth error. The empirical depth-time equation for T-7 probes newly obtained from an average of all datasets was very similar to that by Hanawa and Yoritaka: depth difference between the corrected and uncorrected data was about 25 m at 800 m. The new equation for T-6 probes based on a single dataset also showed that the depth diference between the corrected and uncorrected data was greater than 10 m at 500 m. It was confirmed that the free-fall velocity estimated by the XBT manufacturer considerably underestimates the actual velocity for both T-7 and T-6 probes.
Intelligent Math Tutor (2017)

Mathematical word problems (or story problems) allow students to apply their mathematical problem solving ability to other subjects and real-world situations. Word problems build higher-order thinking, critical problem-solving, and reasoning skills. Generally solving a word problem is associated with mathematical modeling of a real word situation or a concept of another subject which is embedded in the problem. Manually creating word problems require knowledge of other topics a student is learning in parallel. Besides this, modeling mathematics with some other dissociated concept is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. Due to lack of this integrated knowledge of other topics being taught, the substantive breadth of word problems is often very narrow and is limited to very few concepts. To address this limitation, we built a tool called Intelligent Math Tutor (IMT), which automatically generates mathematical word problems such that teachings from other subjects from a given curriculum can also be incorporated. Our tool thus widens the scope of word problems and uses this problem-solving based approach to indirectly create cognizance in its students. To the best of our knowledge, our tool is the first of its kind tool which explicitly blends knowledge from multiple dissociated subjects and uses it to enhance the cognizance of its learners.
Gestão e democracia na escola: limites e desafios (2014)

O presente artigo aborda a evolução do princípio da democracia na história da educação pública brasileira, a fim de contextualizar o processo de gestão democrática, atualmente em evidência na escola pública, como condição para a melhoria da qualidade da educação. O objetivo é analisar, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996, quais os princípios de uma gestão democrática, com vistas a compreender os limites e os desafios da democracia no âmbito escolar. Tem-se como pressuposto orientador deste artigo que a participação dos atores da escola e da comunidade escolar constitui-se em um fator determinante para que haja a gestão democrática. O conceito de participação foi abordado na perspectiva de Diaz Bordenave (1994), que a considera como um aprendizado. Como metodologia, utilizou-se da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. O estudo apresenta uma crítica ao modelo de gestão que se diz democrática, mas que não abre espaço para a participação dos atores da escola. Evidencia que a participação efetiva dos professores e da comunidade nos processos de gestão escolar ainda é um devir, um grande desafio e um dos entraves à implantação da democracia na escola. Nesse processo, o gestor se destaca como líder e responsável pelo rompimento do paradigma tradicional da gestão conservadora da escola.Palavras-chave: gestão democrática, participação, qualidade da educação.
Oral Arginine Metabolism May Decrease the Risk for Dental Caries in Children (2013)

Arginine metabolism by oral bacteria via the arginine deiminase system (ADS) increases the local pH, which can neutralize the effects of acidification from sugar metabolism and reduce the cariogenicity of oral biofilms. To explore the relationship between oral arginine metabolism and dental caries experience in children, we measured ADS activity in oral samples from 100 children and correlated it with their caries status and type of dentition. Supragingival dental plaque was collected from tooth surfaces that were caries-lesion-free (PF) and from dentinal (PD) and enamel (PE) caries lesions. Regardless of children's caries status or type of dentition, PF (378.6) had significantly higher ADS activity compared with PD (208.4; p < .001) and PE (194.8; p = .005). There was no significant difference in the salivary arginolytic activity among children with different caries status. Mixed-model analysis showed that plaque caries status is significantly associated with ADS activity despite children's age, caries status, and dentition (p < .001), with healthy plaque predicting higher ADS activity compared with diseased plaque. Plaque arginine metabolism varies greatly among children and tooth sites, which may affect their susceptibility to caries.