gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive Halogen Compounds. VI. Effects of Structure and Medium on the β-Scission of Alkoxy Radicals (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPositive Halogen Compounds. VI. Effects of Structure and Medium on the β-Scission of Alkoxy RadicalsCheves. Walling and Albert. PadwaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 11, 1593–1597Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00894a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00894a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views634Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Positive and negative secondary species emission behavior for an ionic liquid electrospray (2022)

Ionic liquid electrosprays can emit a polydisperse population of charged droplets, clusters, and molecular ions at high velocity. Secondary species emission (SSE) is a term that encompasses many concurrent impact and emission phenomena that occur when electrosprayed primary species strike a surface, resulting in a diverse population of secondary electrons, ions, clusters, and droplets. This Letter examines the spatial dependency of SSE behavior across an [EMI]Im electrospray beam using microscopy of the target surface and experimental quantification of SSE yields as a function of the plume angle. Microscopy of the beam target confirms our prediction of shock-induced desorption when operating at elevated beam voltages. SSE yield measurements show that, upon impact with a surface, incident primary species that consist of entirely positive charge will produce both positive and negative SSE. Furthermore, the results show that the SSE yields for an ionic liquid electrospray have strong spatial and energy dependencies. These findings have significant implications for understanding and predicting ionic liquid electrospray thruster lifetime and performance and focused ion beam applications.
Associations of incidence of common adverse events (AEs) and survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) treated with first line chemotherapy: Findings from 9,812 pts in the ARCAD database. (2018)

617 Background: There is limited, often conflicting evidence about AE timing, severity or associations with outcomes with the use of cytotoxic agents in cancer treatment. We investigated the impact on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of selected common AEs (neutropenia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, neuropathy) occurring in patients receiving first line oxaliplatin (Oxa)- and/or irinotecan(Iri)-based regimens for mCRC. Methods: The CTCAE grading scores of at least one AE of interest were available on 9812 pts treated with chemotherapy alone (median age 63; 62.4% male, 50.1% ECOG PS 0) from 17 1 st -line randomized trials. Patients who also received biologics were excluded in the primary analyses. AEs occurring during the first 6 weeks of treatment and entire treatment were analyzed by stratified multivariable Cox models in relationship to OS/PFS. 55.7% pts received Oxa- regimens, 35.7% Iri-regimens, and 8.6% combined Oxa- and Iri-regimens. Results: Within the first 6 weeks of treatment, G3+ neutropenia (HR adj = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.06-1.59, p adj 0.01), diarrhea (HR adj = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.23-1.79, p adj &lt; .0001), nausea (HR adj = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.17-1.99, p adj 0.002) and vomiting (HR adj = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.18-2.07, p adj 0.002) were associated with significantly worse OS for Iri-regimens, but only G3+ nausea predicted for worse OS for Oxa- regimens (HR adj = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.18-2.21, p adj 0.003). For AEs experienced at any time, G3+ neutropenia and neuropathy were significantly associated with longer PFS and OS for Oxa-regimens, while G3+ vomiting and nausea were associated with worse OS for both Oxa- and Iri-based regimens. Sensitivity analysis showed largely concordant results by including pts who also received biologics. Conclusions: The association between more severe selected AEs and outcome varies between AEs and is influenced by timing of the occurrence. More severe selected AEs occurring early in treatment are associated with worse outcomes. In contrast, for AEs occurring at any time, G3+ neutropenia and neuropathy predicted for longer PFS and/or OS in Oxa-treated pts.
An Energy-efficient Adaptive CMOS Image Sensor. (2013)

In this thesis, an energy-efficient CMOS image sensor has been studied to adaptively provide low-power consumption, high dynamic range, and reduced spatial-temporal bandwidth for applications in distributed sensor networks and wireless biomedical imaging systems. In wireless sensor nodes, imagers typically have four main challenges to address: low power operation from limited energy sources, high dynamic range imaging to cover a wide range of illumination, high spatial resolution for high-quality imaging, and high temporal resolution for video streaming. However, it is difficult to optimize all of these as there are trade-offs among these four parameters and additionally the environmental conditions continuously change, requiring optimization of sensor operation on-the-fly. One of the solutions to this trade-off is implementing an imager with situation-aware adaptability. In this work, three on-chip adaptive functions have been investigated including (1) energy-adaptive imaging for low-power operation, (2) illumination-adaptive imaging for high-dynamic range, and (3) object-adaptive imaging for temporal-spatial bandwidth suppression. For proofs of concepts of this adaptive imaging, we designed two prototype chips. In the first chip, we implemented the energy/illumination adaptation by reconfiguring the mode of operation. Most of the time, the sensor operates in a monitoring mode at an extremely low power (less than 1.36 μW/frame). It switches to either a high-sensitivity or a wide-dynamic range mode of operation depending on illumination conditions. This illumination adaptation provides reconfigurability for sensitivity and dynamic range. The sensor can provide a high sensitivity of 23.9 V/lx∙s at low illumination, but it can be reconfigured to generate a high dynamic range of up to 99 dB in high illumination on-the-fly. In the second chip, we implemented motion-triggered, object-adaptive imaging to suppress the redundancies in spatial-temporal bandwidths in image signals. The sensor will wake up when triggered by motion and extracts features from the captured image for the detection of objects-of-interest. Full image capture operation is performed only when the objects-of-interest are found, resulting in a significant reduction of total power consumption at the sensor node. Object detection has been performed using the classification algorithm and has achieved a 94.5 % success rate for human recognition from 200 test images.
Transvenous ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system by laser irradiation under endoscopic control (1985)

We report ten successful experiments of transvenous destruction of the His bundle by laser radiation. An endoscope coupled with a special laser catheter was introduced through the jugular vein into the right atrium of dogs. The tip of the laser catheter was positioned in front of A-V conduction system under visual control using anatomic landmarks. Injection of saline solution coaxial with the laser power-transmitting fiber was performed before and during laser coagulation. Twenty watts constant wave Nd-YAG laser operating at 1.06 micron was enough to produce complete A-V block in approximately 15 sec. The safety of the proposed technique is especially discussed.
A review of tissue-engineered skin bioconstructs available for skin reconstruction (2009)

Situations where normal autografts cannot be used to replace damaged skin often lead to a greater risk of mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased expenditure for the National Health Service. There is a substantial need for tissue-engineered skin bioconstructs and research is active in this field. Significant progress has been made over the years in the development and clinical use of bioengineered components of the various skin layers. Off-the-shelf availability of such constructs, or production of sufficient quantities of biological materials to aid rapid wound closure, are often the only means to help patients with major skin loss. The aim of this review is to describe those materials already commercially available for clinical use as well as to give a short insight to those under development. It seeks to provide skin scientists/tissue engineers with the information required to not only develop in vitro models of skin, but to move closer to achieving the ultimate goal of an off-the-shelf, complete full-thickness skin replacement.
Recent trends in environmentally friendly lubricants (2002)

Abstract Many of the lubricants used in the world today cause environmental pollution through total‐loss applications, spillage, evaporation, and in other ways. To reduce this environmental damage, new lubricants that are rapidly biodegradable and ecologically non‐toxic have started to be developed and marketed. This paper discusses the introduction of environmentally friendly lubricants and their constituents, with particular emphasis on their environmental benefits, applications, the limits to their use, their technical performance characteristics, and relative cost aspects; many of these lubricants are based on vegetable oils and esters. Comparisons are also made in the paper with conventional mineral‐oil based materials.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Grafting the Facial Gap at Immediately Placed Implants (2020)

Immediate implant placement in extraction sockets requires management of postextraction alveolar resorption. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the facial alveolar bone dimension 10 months following immediate implant placement with or without the addition of anorganic xenograft at the time of flapless, one-stage placement of a sloped-platform implant. The primary outcome of facial crestal alveolar bone thickness revealed no difference in the mean dimension (no graft: 1.47 ± 0.85 mm; graft: 1.63 ± 0.71 mm; <i>P</i> = .950). Secondary outcomes, including pink esthetic score, were not different between the two groups. This study suggests that bone formation does occur along the facial surface of implants placed into extraction sockets.
A novel therapeutic approach combining human plasma‐derived Factors VIIa and X for haemophiliacs with inhibitors: evidence of a higher thrombin generation rate in vitro and more sustained haemostatic activity in vivo than obtained with Factor VIIa alone (2003)

The present study demonstrated that the combination of FVIIa and FX appeared to have a higher and more sustainable haemostatic potential than FVIIa alone, and less thrombogenicity than FEIBA. A therapeutic approach combining FVIIa and FX could be a promising and novel approach to compensate for the disadvantages of rFVIIa and FEIBA for haemophiliacs with inhibitors.
Discovery and Optimization of Selective Na v 1.8 Modulator Series That Demonstrate Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Pain (2015)

Voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular Nav1.8, can be targeted for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Herein, we described the optimization of Nav1.8 modulator series to deliver subtype selective, state, and use-dependent chemical matter that is efficacious in preclinical models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Interventions for Aortic Insufficiency in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2016)

De novo progressive aortic insufficiency (AI) is a side effect frequently related to prolonged support with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD). Its progression can result in recurrent clinical heart failure symptoms and significantly increased mortality. Recently, percutaneous intervention methods, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and percutaneous occluder devices, have emerged. However, given the very scarce global experience with these approaches, evidence in the literature is lacking. We sought to assess the outcomes of CF-LVAD patients who had undergone percutaneous intervention for AI. A systematic search of six databases from inception to April 2016 was performed by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies were those that included series or cases where patients had percutaneous transcatheter interventions for AI in CF-LVAD patients. Data were extracted and meta-analyzed from the identified studies. A total of 29 patients from 15 published studies and 3 unpublished records were included in the analysis. Mean patient age was 56.6 ± 13.7 years, and 72.4% were male. The etiology of heart failure resulting in LVAD placement was ischemic cardiomyopathy in 17.2%. The two intervention groups were TAVR (27.6%) and occluder devices (72.4%). A transfemoral approach (69%), apical approach (10%), brachial approach (7%), subclavian approach (3%), and mini-sternotomy (3%) were used. The preintervention AI grade was severe with a median grade of 4 (interquartile range, 4-4). Postoperatively, the AI grade improved significantly to a median grade of 0 (0-2). At long-term follow-up AI grade was still trivial with a median AI grade of 1 (0-1). Subgrouping the treatments into the occluder device and TAVR, it was found that both interventional techniques were similarly effective in reducing the AI grade from severe to trivial. In terms of complications, from the occluder group, two patients were complicated with device migration and another two with transient hemolysis. In the TAVR cohort, two patients experienced device migration and another had significant postimplant perivalvular leakage. Our results indicate that percutaneous interventions for AI in CF-LVAD patients with TAVR, and closure devices demonstrate similar efficacy in significantly reducing severe AI. Current results are encouraging, potentiating viability as a treatment option, particularly in nonsurgical candidates. Future research with larger patient cohorts and comparative controls is required to sufficiently evaluate the efficacy of this technique and promote its widespread acceptance as a mainstay treatment.
Immunologic effects of hydralazine in hypertensive patients (1981)

Twenty-seven hypertensive patients (23 blacks, 4 whites) treated with hydralazine had frequent serologic evidence of autoimmunity. However, only 1 patient developed a lupus syndrome. Acetylator phenotype influenced the autoimmune response; slow acetylators had a higher incidence and titers of autoantibodies. The lupus patient not only had high titers of autoantibodies but they were predominantly IgG in contrast to the predominant IgM antibodies found in other slow acetylators. Hydralazine treatment did not alter cell-mediated immune responses and hydralazine antibodies were not detected. However, half the patients tested who received hydralazine had positive lymphoproliferative responses to the drug.
Composition and strain relaxation of In x Ga1−x N graded core–shell nanorods (2018)

Two In <sub>x</sub> Ga<sub>1-x</sub> N nanorod samples with graded In compositions of x = 0.5-0 (Ga-rich) and x = 0.5-1 (In-rich) grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The nanorods had a wurtzite crystal structure with growth along [Formula: see text] and core-shell structures with an In-rich core and Ga-rich shell. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed grading over the entire compositional range and showed that the axial growth rate was primarily determined by the In flux, and the radial growth rate by the Ga flux. There was no evidence of misfit dislocations due to grading, but the strain due to the lattice mismatch between the In-rich core and Ga-rich shell was relaxed by edge dislocations at the core-shell interface with Burgers vectors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Transient distortion in transistorized audio power amplifiers (1970)

This paper discusses a new kind of distortion mechanism found in transistorized audio power amplifiers. It is shown that this distortion arises from the multistage feedback loop found in most high-quality amplifiers, provided that the open-loop transient response of the power amplifier is slower than the transient response of the preamplifier. The results of the analysis are verified by measurements from a simulated power amplifier, and a number of constructional rules for eliminating this distortion are derived.
Object-Based Change Detection Using Multiple Classifiers and Multi-Scale Uncertainty Analysis (2019)

The drawback of pixel-based change detection is that it neglects the spatial correlation with neighboring pixels and has a high commission ratio. In contrast, object-based change detection (OBCD) depends on the accuracy of the segmentation scale, which is of great significance in image analysis. Accordingly, an object-based approach for automatic change detection using multiple classifiers and multi-scale uncertainty analysis (OB-MMUA) in high-resolution (HR) remote sensing images is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), morphological, and Gabor filter texture features are extracted to construct the input data, along with the spectral features, to utilize the respective advantages of the features and to compensate for the insufficient spectral information. In addition, random forest is used to select the features and determine the optimal feature vectors for the change detection. Change vector analysis (CVA) based on uncertainty analysis is then implemented to select the initial training samples. According to the diversity, support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and extra-trees (ExT) classifiers are then chosen as the base classifiers for Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory fusion, and unlabeled samples are selected using an active learning method with spatial information. Finally, multi-scale object-based D-S evidence theory fusion and uncertainty analysis is used to classify the difference image. To validate the proposed approach, we conducted experiments using multispectral images collected by the ZY-3 and GF-2 satellites. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach, which integrates the respective advantages of the pixel-based and object-based methods.
Detecting changes in dynamic and complex acoustic environments (2017)

Natural sounds such as wind or rain, are characterized by the statistical occurrence of their constituents. Despite their complexity, listeners readily detect changes in these contexts. We here address the neural basis of statistical decision-making using a combination of psychophysics, EEG and modelling. In a texture-based, change-detection paradigm, human performance and reaction times improved with longer pre-change exposure, consistent with improved estimation of baseline statistics. Change-locked and decision-related EEG responses were found in a centro-parietal scalp location, whose slope depended on change size, consistent with sensory evidence accumulation. The potential's amplitude scaled with the duration of pre-change exposure, suggesting a time-dependent decision threshold. Auditory cortex-related potentials showed no response to the change. A dual timescale, statistical estimation model accounted for subjects' performance. Furthermore, a decision-augmented auditory cortex model accounted for performance and reaction times, suggesting that the primary cortical representation requires little post-processing to enable change-detection in complex acoustic environments.
Photocatalytic Remote Oxyfluoroalkylation of Heteroalkynes: Regio-, Stereo-, and Site-Selective Access to Complex Fluoroalkylated (Z)-Alkenes (2020)

A visible-light-induced remote oxyfluoroalkylation, including ketofluoroalkylation and hydroxytrifluoromethylation, of heteroalkynes is developed with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and H<sub>2</sub>O as the oxygen source, respectively. It provides a facile access to complex fluoroalkylated (<i>Z</i>)-alkenes in satisfactory yields with excellent regio-, stereo-, and site-selectivity. The reaction involves an uncommon vinyl radical-induced intermolecular C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H functionalization, thus offering a good platform for the development of remote difunctionalization of alkynes.
Constraints and redundancy in datalog (1992)

Two types of redundancies in datalog program are considered. Redundancy based on reachability eliminates rules and predicates that do not participate in any derivation tree of a fact for the query predicate. Redundancy based on irrelevance is similar, but considers only minimal derivation trees, that is, derivation trees having no pair of identical atoms, such that one is an ancestor of the other. Algorithms for detecting these redundancies are given, including the case of programs with constraint literals. These algorithms not only detect redundancies in the presence of constraints, but also push constraints from the given query and rules to the EDB predicates. Under certain assumptions discussed in the paper, the constraints are pushed to the EDB as tightly as possible.
Ultrahigh PID-Resistance for Mono Silicon PERC Solar Cells by Using Industrial Mass-Production Technology (2016)

In this paper, using the industrial mass-production technology on commercially available 156 mm × 156 mm p-type Czochralski-grown crystalline mono silicon wafers, the best cell efficiencies more than 21% are demonstrated. We improved the solar cell devices by improving front side anti-reflection coating and back side process parameter which results in higher open circuit voltages and short circuit current. Besides, the mono PERC solar cell process pass the UL/ITRI potential induced degradation (PID) test which condition was indicated to be 85 degree Celsius and 85% RH in climatic chamber apply -1500 V for 300 hours.
Computer applications in sugar factory operations. (1988)

This paper presents the continuing work on developing programs for micro computers, to process laboratory data in a cane sugar factory. The program has four optional sections which can be assessed in any order. i) Laboratory calculations: used for calculating manufacturing (current to date) reports, brix and pol balances and an evaporator performance report. ii) Report generating facility: used in generating run, shift, day or week reports of any specified period. iii) Graph plotting facility: used in generating shift, day or week graphs or key factory parameters. iv) Simulation facility: used in performing trial calculations and in milling simulation based on the model developed. The range of reports and graphs, easily accessible, ought to facilitate the production staff in identifying and solving problems and so optimize factory operations more readily. The increased data storage and its availability constitute a step towards replacing the factory log book.