gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Irrigation Infrastructure on Irrigation Demands under Future Drought in the United States* (2015)

Abstract More severe droughts in the United States will bring great challenges to irrigation water supply. Here, the authors assessed the potential adaptive effects of irrigation infrastructure under present and more extensive droughts. Based on data over 1985–2005, this study established a statistical model that suggests around 4.4% more irrigation was applied in response to a one-unit reduction in the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), and approximately 5.0% of irrigation water application could be saved for each 10% decrease in the areas supplied by surface irrigation infrastructure. Based on the results, the model-projected irrigation infrastructure has played a greater role in changes in irrigation than drought in most areas under the current climate except some southwestern counties. However, under the predicted future more severe drought in 2080–99 under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 scenario, the model projected that the drought will require 0%–20% greater irrigation amounts assuming the current irrigation efficiency. Under the predicted drought scenario, irrigation depth can be maintained at or below the baseline level in the western United States only when better irrigation infrastructure replaced 40% of the current surface irrigation infrastructure areas. In the northeast United States, limited changes in irrigation depth were predicted under different irrigation infrastructure scenarios because the percentage of surface irrigation area is already low under the baseline climate, and thus there is limited opportunity to adapt to future drought with advanced irrigation infrastructure. These results indicate that other effective solutions are required to complement these measures and aid U.S. agriculture in the future, more extensive drought.
ChemInform Abstract: (Cholestanyloxycarbonyl)benzyl Esters as Peptide Substituents: Conformational Properties of Fully Protected Oligo‐L‐lysines with C‐Terminal (Cholestanyloxycarbonyl)benzyl and Benzyl Ester Moieties. (1986)

Abstract Two series of L‐lysine oligopeptides, (IIa) and (IIb), are synthesized starting from the monomers (Ib) or (Ic) which, in turn, are obtained from (Ia) by appropriate esterification.
Microprocessor memory management units (1990)

This tutorial describes the current crop of commercial memory management units (MMUs) for 32-bit microprocessors. The discussion includes both complex- and reduced-instruction-set computers (CISCs and RISCs). The rationale, principles, and issues related to hardware support for memory management and virtual memory are reviewed. The design and features of high-end microprocessor MMUs are reviewed and compared with respect to a common set of criteria. Special attention is paid to Unix requirements and multiprocessor, multiple MMU considerations. The MMUs covered are Intel 80386, i486, and i860; Motorola's 68851 (MMU for the 68020), 68030, 68040, and 88200 (MMU for the 88000 series); the Fujitsu MB86920 (Sparc MMU); and the MIPS R2000/R3000.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Increased systolic pressure in chronic uremia. Role of arterial wave reflections. (1992)

To assess the role of arterial wave reflections in the mechanism of systolic hypertension and altered pulsatile arterial dynamics in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 79 ESRD patients were compared with 73 age-matched control subjects with normal renal function and similar mean blood pressure. Wave reflections were investigated from the carotid pulse contour recorded by applanation tonometry using a Millar micromanometer-tipped probe. Wave reflections were quantified as the ratio (augmentation index, %) of the height of the late systolic peak to the total height of carotid pulse wave. Travel time of the reflected wave was timed from the foot of the pressure wave to the foot of the late systolic peak. Systolic and pulse pressure were increased in ESRD patients (p less than 0.001) and was not attributable to differences in left ventricular ejection pattern. The augmentation index was increased in ESRD patients (23.2 +/- 15.0 versus 9.8 +/- 15.6%; p less than 0.001) in association with a shorter travel time of reflected wave (109 +/- 24 versus 131 +/- 30 msec; p less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed two principal factors associated (p less than 0.001) with the increase in augmentation index and shortened travel time of reflected wave: increased aortic pulse wave velocity and smaller stature with shorter body height in ESRD patients. The study points to the role of arterial wave reflections in the mechanisms producing alterations in pulsatile arterial dynamics in ESRD and is the first, through the mechanisms of early wave reflections, to show in humans that the increase in systolic and pulse pressures is associated with lesser body size.
Microstructural Stability of M5™ Alloy Irradiated up to High Neutron Fluences (2005)

Abstract The present paper is focused on the microstructural stability of the Framatome-ANP M5™ (Zr-1%NbO) alloy. Thin foils were cut from M5 cladding tubes irradiated from 1 to 6 annual cycles in EDF PWRs, and examined by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that within the wide range of irradiation conditions investigated, the initial β-Nb particles undergo no amorphisation and only minor evolutions in size distribution, number density, and composition. Finally, very few c component basal loops were detected, so that no sign of accelerated growth regime has to be feared for the fuel burn-ups currently considered (∼70 GWd/t) for PWRs. In the second part of this paper, other industrial or experimental alloys (Zy-4, M4, Zr-2.5%Nb, ZrNbSnFe) are considered to improve our knowledge about the irradiation-induced evolution of β-Nb and other minor SPP. Thin foils were cut from specimens irradiated in PWRs or MTRs (OSIRIS, SILOE) and also examined by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) was used to provide quantitative and statistical information on the radiation-enhanced precipitation of β-Nb needles and possible other defects or solute clusters. All these results allow a general discussion of evolution of SPP with regard to their initial structure and composition, and of the noteworthy irradiation stability of the M5™ up to high neutron fluence with respect to other alloys.
Multi-beam pulsed electron accelerator for radiation processing (2002)

This report describes a design of a multi-beam electron accelerator for beam processing. A wide range of feasible electron beam parameters allows to use these accelerators for various applications (from environment protection to the treatment of medical and infectious waste). Such accelerators can provide the electron beams with parameters: electron energy 0.1-1 MeV, average beam power up to /spl sim/500 kW and very large cross section of the electron beam. The accelerator design is based on an use of coaxial spiral-line resonator as a high voltage supply and multi-cathode, multi-window electron optical system. Electron pulses are produced by cold cathodes with a threshold emission characteristic.
Effective and flexible modeling approach to investigate various 3D Talbot carpets from a spatial finite mask (2013)

We present an effective modeling approach for a fast calculation of the Talbot carpet from an initially 2-dimensional mask pattern. The introduced numerical algorithm is based on a modified angular-spectrum method, in which it is possible to consider the border effects of the Talbot region from a mask with a finite aperture. The Bluestein’s fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm is applied to speed up the calculation. This approach allows as well to decouple the sampling points in the real space and the spatial frequency domain so that both parameters can be chosen independently. As a result an extended three-dimensional Talbot-carpet can be calculated with a minimized number of numerical steps and computation time, but still with high accuracy. The algorithm was applied to various 2-dimensional mask patterns and illumination setups. The influence of specific mask patterns to the resulting field intensity distribution is discussed.
Power integrated circuits for telecom DC/DC converters (2002)

A technological and application development is presented in the field of power integrated circuits (PIC) for DC/DC power conversion specially designed for <100 W output power telecommunication applications. It consists of a primary side PIC which integrates all the active electronics in such a side, and a low Ron power MOSFET transistor plus a controller-driver IC which manage all the electronics circuitry in the secondary side. Important thermal issues are also given for the proper use of these devices.
INHALATION ANESTHESIA DURING HIGH FREQUENCY JET VENTILATION FOR EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY OF GALLBLADDER STONES (1987)

Weber, W M.D.; Alpen, E M.D.; Gravenstein, N M.D.*; Banner, M J Ph.D.*; Hügler, P M.D.; Peter, K M.D. Author Information
Design space exploration for PIM architectures in 3D-stacked memories (2018)

Scaling existing architectures to large-scale data-intensive applications is limited by energy and performance losses caused by off-chip memory communication and data movements in the cache hierarchy. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has been recently revisited to address the issues of memory and power wall, mainly due to the maturity of 3D-stacking manufacturing technology and the increasing demand for bandwidth and parallel access in emerging data-centric applications. Recent studies have shown a wide variety of processing mechanisms to be placed in the logic layer of 3D-stacked memories, not to mention the already available 3D-stacked DRAMs, such as Micron's Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC). Nevertheless, a few studies compare PIM accelerators to each other and have made efforts to indicate the trade-offs between power, area, and performance. In this paper, we review different state-of-the-art 3D-stacked in-memory accelerators, and we analyze them considering important constraints regarding area and power due to critical embedded nature of PIM. Aiming to point in the direction of massive parallel PIM designs, we take the simplest design found in this survey, and we explore the architectural design space to meet the constraints imposed by HMC. Our results show that the most straightforward approach can provide the highest performance while consuming the lowest amount of area and power, which makes it the most suitable design found in this survey for an energy-efficient in-memory accelerator, whether it goes in High-Performance Computing or Embedded Systems. For instance, the outstanding point in the design space indicates that a performance density of 320 GBps/mm2 and a performance efficiency of 0.6 GBps/mW can be achieved in the best scenario, that is, when a massive parallel application reaches the peak bandwidth.
Investigation of dynamic characteristic under three-axis transition on the planetary gear train based on the sun gear speed contour map. (2016)

Although planetary gear sets are widely used in hybrid vehicles as a power distribution system and in electric vehicles as a high reduction system, its noise and vibration problem has emerged. There are many reports dealing with two-axis driving or displacement of planet gear under its condition, but we can see few reports dealing with three-axis driving. In the present report, three-axis driving is tested with three-axis rotation speed measuring and dynamic characteristic is investigated creating sun gear speed contour map. As a result, it's confirmed that rotation direction of the sun gear is changing under the three-axis transition. Accordingly, the input acceleration of the ring gear and carrier must be considered under three-axis driving to make the sun gear rotation direction invariable. Dynamic characteristic on a stationary rotation is affected by displacement length and speed of instantaneous center on the three-axis transition.
Machine Learning-Based Radiomic Features on Pre-Ablation MRI as Predictors of Pathologic Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Underwent Hepatic Transplant (2023)

Pre-ablation MRI radiomics could act as a valuable imaging biomarker for the prediction of tumor pathologic response in patients with HCC.
Passive transfer of mucosal antibody to Streptococcus equi in the foal (1986)

Passive transfer of mucosal antibody to Streptococcus equi was studied in foals during the first 2 months of life. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies were found in sera and nasal secretions of foals shortly after colostrum intake. Titers were highest 2 days after birth; IgG predominated in sera, and IgA predominated in nasal washes. Intragastrically administered 99mTc-labeled IgA was transported from the bloodstream to the nasal mucosa of a newborn foal within a few hours of colostrum intake. Western blot analysis of the specificities of colostral and serum antibodies showed that selective transfer of immunoglobulins of defined specificity did not occur. Antibodies from milk samples taken a month or more into lactation had different specificities than those of colostrum or serum samples. Acid-extracted M protein fragments of S. equi recognized by milk antibodies were the same as those recognized by IgG and IgA from nasopharyngeal mucus of horses recently recovered from strangles. We postulate that passive antibody protection of the foal is derived both by secretion of colostral immunoglobulins onto the nasopharyngeal mucosa and by immunoglobulins ingested in milk that directly coat the upper respiratory and oral mucosa during the first months of life.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) using α-Fe2O3 coated hydroxy magnesium silicate (HMS): isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic study (2021)

α-Fe2O3 coated hydroxy magnesium silicate (HMS) was prepared by the coprecipitation method and was used for the sorption of Cr(VI) from the aquatic environment. FT-IR, XRD, and SEM characterised the investigated composite. The influence of pH, shaking time, Cr(VI) concentration, and the temperature was investigated. The results obtained are fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Besides, Freundlich isotherm is adequate than the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was observed to be exothermic, spontaneous, and accompanied by increasing the system’s randomness. The adsorption of chromium attained equilibrium after 60.0 min. The maximum adsorption capacities of α-Fe2O3/HMS composite for Cr(VI) were 10.75 mg/g obtained at a pH of 2.
Role of PDCD4 in inflammation and tumors: a double-edged sword (2018)

<p indent=0mm>Programmed cell death 4 (<italic>PDCD4</italic>) is a novel gene obtained during the study of apoptotic mechanisms. It is widely expressed in various tissues and organs of healthy individuals. Its expression is lost or reduced in various tumors, and forced expression can markedly inhibit tumor growth or migration and invasion; therefore, <italic>PDCD4</italic> has been regarded as a new tumor suppressor gene. Increasing research has suggested that <italic>PDCD4</italic> not only plays an antitumor role but also is involved in inflammatory disease, thereby acting as a double-edged sword by promoting or inhibiting disease development in different models. <italic>PDCD4</italic> knockout mice exhibit resistance to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. However, deficiency of <italic>PDCD4</italic> aggravates LPS-induced acute liver injury and DSS-induced acute colitis. The mechanism underlying <italic>PDCD4</italic>’s mode of action remains unclear. Increasing evidence has suggested that <italic>PDCD4</italic> regulates downstream target genes via both translation initiation factor eIF4A-dependent and independent mechanisms. In the eIF4A-dependent mechanism, <italic>PDCD4</italic> inhibits the helicase activity of eIF4A by directly binding to eIF4A, thereby inhibiting mRNA translation with a specific 5′UTR structure. In the eIF4A-independent mechanism, PDCD4 can either bind to other proteins, such as transcription factors, thereby preventing their activation or interfere with protein phosphorylation, thereby regulating downstream signaling pathways. In this review, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of <italic>PDCD4</italic> and its prospects as a new target for the treatment of tumors and various diseases.
Control and guidance for homing and docking tasks using an autonomous underwater vehicle (2007)

This paper presents the results of a control and guidance strategy for homing and docking tasks using an autonomous underwater vehicle. An optimal high-order sliding mode control via state-dependent Riccati equation approach is introduced providing a robustness of motion control including elimination of chattering effect for decoupled systems of an AUV. Motion planning for a docking is introduced. The average vector field based on an artificial potential field method gives a desired trajectory using existing information from ocean network sensors. It provides a guidance for an AUV to follow the path to a required position with final desired orientation. A Line-of-Sight method is used for an AUV to follow the predefined path. In order to improve a docking manoeuver, a switched weight technique is proposed for controlling a vehicle’s path and final stage docking.
Simple and Reliable Approach for Quantifying IRIS Tube Data (2011)

The recent use of IRIS (indicator of reduction in soils) tubes by wetland scientists and approval of their use by the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils has required some simple means for quantifying paint removed from the tubes. The cylindrical shape of the tubes has generally made scanning or other automated processes difficult. Visual estimations are commonly made, but recent work has pointed out substantial errors from visual estimations and also a high variation among individuals using this approach. This note describes a simple and reliable method for quantifying paint removed from IRIS tubes by placing a transparent mylar grid around the tube, physically marking the grid, and then counting the marked sectors. This method, which requires approximately 8 min per tube, is much more accurate and the variation between individuals making the same evaluations is far smaller than when making visual estimations.
Manažerské rozhodování na základě modelování stavu zásob (2009)

Rozhodovani je složitý proces, který je ovlivňovan mnoha
faktory. Sniženi urovně zasob je běžný ukol pro skladoveho
manažera. Sniženi zasob může vest k uvolněni znacných
financnich prostředků, potřebných pravě v soucasne době krize.
Rozhodnuti o sniženi pojistne zasoby, ktere vede ke splněni
ukolu, vsak nemusi vždy mit požadovaný efekt. V clanku je
vytvořen jednoduchý matematický model, který zahrnuje i naklady
spojene se ztratou obchodni přiležitosti, způsobenou
nedostatkem materialu. Tyto naklady rychle vykompenzuji
pocatecni usporu. I přes jednoznacný výsledek matematickeho
modelu je to ale nakonec vždy manažer, který musi rozhodnout.
Differential Subnuclear Localization and Replication Timing of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation States (2005)

Mono-, di-, and trimethylation of specific histone residues adds an additional level of complexity to the range of histone modifications that may contribute to a histone code. However, it has not been clear whether different methylated states reside stably at different chromatin sites or whether they represent dynamic intermediates at the same chromatin sites. Here, we have used recently developed antibodies that are highly specific for mono-, di-, and trimethylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (MeK9H3) to examine the subnuclear localization and replication timing of chromatin containing these epigenetic marks in mammalian cells. Me1K9H3 was largely restricted to early replicating, small punctate domains in the nuclear interior. Me2K9H3 was the predominant MeK9 epitope at the nuclear and nucleolar periphery and colocalized with sites of DNA synthesis primarily in mid-S phase. Me3K9H3 decorated late-replicating pericentric heterochromatin in mouse cells and sites of DAPI-dense intranuclear heterochromatin in human and hamster cells that replicated throughout S phase. Disruption of the Suv39h1,2 or G9a methyltransferases in murine embryonic stem cells resulted in a redistribution of methyl epitopes, but did not alter the overall spatiotemporal replication program. These results demonstrate that mono-, di-, and trimethylated states of K9H3 largely occupy distinct chromosome domains.
Development and Validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale1 (2004)

The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument that is brief and easy to complete and has potential use for outcomes studies in adults with nasal obstruction.
Formation of Pancake Grain Structure in a Low Carbon, Aluminium and Calcium Deoxidized Steel (1969)

The effects of degree of cold reduction, annealing temperature, heating rate and thermal treatment prior to cold work on the recrystallization in cold rolled low carbon rimmed, and aluminium calcium deoxidized sheet steels were investigated. The recrystallization characteristics of aluminium calcium deoxidized steels differed from those of the rimmed steel; the recrystallization times of the former were considerably longer and elongated pancake grain structures were formed compared with the equiaxed ones of the annealed rimmed steels. The amount of grain elongation of the aluminium calcium deoxidized steel was more than that of the aluminium deoxidized steel. The formation of elongated grain structures appeared to be due to aluminium nitride which was solution treated at 1200°C before hot rolling and then precipitated on the grain boundaries or subboundaries during the final annealing process after cold reduction of the aluminium deoxidized and aluminium calcium deoxidized steels. The mechanism of formation of the elongated grain structures was considered in terms of the influence of aluminium nitride precipitation during recrystallization.
The First Data on the Complete Genome of a Tetrodotoxin-Producing Bacterium (2021)

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-producing bacteria have attracted great interest as a model system for study of the TTX biosynthetic route. Here, we report the complete genome of the TTX-producing bacterium <i>Bacillus</i> sp. 1839. The genome of the strain <i>Bacillus</i> sp. 1839, previously isolated from the TTX-bearing marine ribbon worm <i>Cephalothrix</i> cf. <i>simula</i>, was obtained using second generation Illumina and third generation nanopore sequencing technologies. Phylogenetic analysis has classified this strain as <i>Cytobacillus gottheilii</i>.
Virtual Electrodes by Current Steering in Retinal Prostheses (2014)

These results suggest that current steering can alter activation patterns in the visual cortex and could enhance visual perception in retinal implants by eliciting phosphene percepts intermediate between those elicited by physical electrodes. These results inform development of new electrode arrays that can take advantage of current steering.