gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating the Diagnostic Yield of Dual-Energy CT for Renal Mass Assessment (2019)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The objective of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT (DECT) for renal mass evaluation. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> In March 2018, we searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Analytic methods were based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Pooled estimates for sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios were calculated for DECT-based virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) and iodine quantification techniques as well as for conventional attenuation measurements from renal mass CT protocols. <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> was used to evaluate heterogeneity. The methodologic quality of the included studies and potential bias were assessed using items from the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). <b>RESULTS.</b> Of the 1043 articles initially identified, 13 were selected for inclusion (969 patients, 1193 renal masses). Cumulative data of sensitivity, specificity, and summary diagnostic odds ratio for VMI were 87% (95% CI, 80-92%; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>, 92.0%), 93% (95% CI, 90-96%; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>, 18.0%), and 183.4 (95% CI, 30.7-1093.4; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>, 61.6%), respectively. Cumulative data of sensitivity, specificity, and summary diagnostic odds ratio for iodine quantification were 99% (95% CI, 97-100%; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>, 17.6%), 91% (95% CI, 89-94%; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>, 84.2%), and 511.5 (95% CI, 217-1201; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>, 0%). No significant differences in AUCs were found when comparing iodine quantification to conventional attenuation measurements (<i>p</i> = 0.79). <b>CONCLUSION.</b> DECT yields high accuracy for renal mass evaluation. Determination of iodine content with the iodine quantification technique shows diagnostic accuracy similar to conventional attenuation measurements from renal mass CT protocols. The iodine quantification technique may be used to characterize incidental renal masses when a dedicated renal mass protocol is not available.
Morphologic changes in the liver of dialyzed rats--preliminary observations. (2003)

Peritoneal dialysis affects both the quantity and quality of connective tissue in the visceral peritoneum. In the present study, we report the alterations observed in the morphology of the superficial liver lobuli of dialyzed rats. The studies were performed in male Wistar rats weighing 250-350 g. Rats were exposed intraperitoneally to 0.9% NaCl, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or commercial dialysis solutions containing 3.86% glucose (Dianeal 3.86%: Baxter Healthcare SA, Castlebar, Ireland; CAPD3 and CAPD3-Balance: Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) twice daily for 4-6 weeks. At the end of the study, samples of the liver were taken and stained for light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson). The results obtained in dialyzed rats were compared with those from the control, non dialyzed animals. In control animals, the surface of the hepatic parenchyma was smooth. In all dialyzed rats, irrespective of the solution used, folding of the surface of the liver parenchyma was found owing to penetration of connective tissue elements between the hepatocytes. In effect, folds of hepatocytes within the liver capsule became detached and isolated from the remaining cells of the lobules. The distinctive feature of that pathologic change was that its severity increased with the thickness of the peritoneum. The change was seen in rats exposed to any of the experimental solutions, and therefore appeared to be attributable to a non-specific reaction caused by exposure of the peritoneum to dialysis fluid and not to specific components of the fluid. The observed alterations in morphology seem to suggest disturbed function within the affected lobules. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Lysosomal pH Measurement and Imaging in Living Cells Using Single-Wavelength Excitation (2017)

A novel lysosome-targeting ratiometric fluorescent probe (CQ-Lyso) based on the chromenoquinoline chromorphore has been developed for the selective and sensitive detection of intracellular pH in living cells. In acidic media, the protonation of the quinoline ring of CQ-Lyso induces an enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process, which results in large red-shifts in both the absorption (104 nm) and emission (53 nm) spectra which forms the basis of a new ratiometric fluorescence pH sensor. This probe efficiently stains lysosomes with high Pearson's colocalization coefficients using LysoTrackerDeep Red (0.97) and LysoTrackerBlue DND-22 (0.95) as references. Importantly, we show that CQ-Lyso quantitatively measures and images lysosomal pH values in a ratiometric manner using single-wavelength excitation.
HSA/PSS coated gold nanorods as thermo-triggered drug delivery vehicles for combined cancer photothermal therapy and chemotherapy (2018)

Drug delivery systems combined multimodal therapy strategies are very promising in cancer theranostic applications. In this work, a new drug-delivery vehicles based on human serum albumin (HSA)-coated gold nanorods (GNR/PSS/HSA NPs) was developed. The success of coating was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) is successfully loaded among multilayered gold nanorods by the electrostatic and hydrophobic force, and DOX@GNR/PSS/HSA NPs were highly biocompatible and stable in various physiological solutions. The NPs possess strong absorbance in nearinfrared (NIR) region, and high photothermal conversion efficiency for outstanding photothermal therapy applications. A bimodal drug release triggered by proteinase or NIR irradiation has been revealed, resulting in a significant chemotherapeutic effect in tumor sites because of the preferential drug accumulation and triggered release. Importantly, the in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that DOX@GNR/PSS/HSA NPs, which combined photothermal and chemotherapy for cancer therapy, revealing a remarkably superior synergistic anticancer effect over either monotherapy. All these results suggested a considerable potential of DOX@GNR/PSS/HSA NPs nano-platform for antitumor therapy.
CONTEMPORARY THEOLOGY (1983)

CONTEMPORARY THEOLOGY Get access On Knowing God New Directions for the Future of Theology By Jerry H Gill Westminster, 1981 168 pages $9 95 Delwin Brown Delwin Brown Arizona State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume LI, Issue 1, March 1983, Pages 141–142, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LI.1.141 Published: 01 March 1983
The pharmacokinetics of the injectable dosage form of GK-2 in rabbits (2020)

The pharmacokinetics of the nerve growth factor mimetic GK-2 (dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the 4-th loop NGF, a derivative of fluoro-substituted 5-[2-(5-fluoropyrid-3-yl) -ethyl)]-2,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) in rabbits after a single intravenous injection of an injectable dosage form at dose 24 mg (7,8-8,7 mg/kg). GK-2 concentrations in the blood plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with massspectrometric detection. GK-2 can be attributed to "short-lived" drugs, since the half-life from the rabbits blood plasma was 0.9±0.1 h.
A novel decision feedback equalizer design based on generalized space translation (2005)

In this paper, a generalized space translation decision feedback equalizer (DFE) structure having arbitrary design parameters is presented. This new DFE structure extends previous research on design techniques based on space translation properties, such as the minimum bit error rate DFE (MBER-DFE) and the support vector machine DFE (SVM-DFE). A novel design technique, termed a Hybrid MMSE-SVM-DFE, based on generalized space translation is proposed. It combines the advantages of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and SVM designs. Simulation results show that the proposed design performs very close to the MBER-DFE in terms of symbol error rate, over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Container-Based Service Function Chain Mapping (2019)

Network function virtualization (NFV) allows service provides to implement network processing functionality in software using standard computing servers. As such, this approach precludes the need for deploying costly and proprietary hardware-based networking devices, i.e., black boxes, greatly reducing infrastructure and operational costs. Instead, operators can program and deploy desired network functions as software instances on commodity servers and further chain these functions to build end-user services, i.e., service function chaining (SFC). Although SFC mapping has received much focus in recent years, existing schemes assume that network functions are run in hypervisor-based virtual machines (VM). However VM-based strategies impose higher resource consumption at the server level and entail higher request processing/setup times. As a result, this paper analyzes container-based mapping approach which leverages VNF dependency relationships and incorporates resource constraints in the physical network. Performance results confirm that the proposed scheme gives notable gains versus VM hypervisor-based mapping, i.e., in terms of resource utilization, processing times and satisfied requests.
Impact of CSI on distributed space-time coding in wireless relay networks (2009)

We consider a two-hop wireless network where a transmitter communicates with a receiver via M relays with an amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. Recent works have shown that the sophisticated linear processing such as beamforming and distributed space-time coding (DSTC) at relays enables to improve the AF performance. However, the relative utility of these strategies depends on the available channel state information at transmitter (CSIT), which in turn depends on the system parameters such as the speed of the underlying fading channel and that of training and feedback procedures. Moreover, it is of practical interest to have a single transmit scheme that handles different CSIT scenarios. This motivates us to consider a unified approach based on DSTC that potentially provides diversity gain with statistical CSIT and exploits some additional side information if available. Under individual power constraints at the relays, we optimize the amplifier power allocation such that pairwise error probability conditioned on the available CSIT is minimized. Under perfect CSIT, we propose an on-off gradient algorithm that efficiently finds a set of relays to switch on. Under partial and statistical CSIT, we propose a simple waterfilling algorithm that yields a non-trivial solution between maximum power allocation and a generalized STC that equalizes the averaged amplified noise for all relays. Moreover, we derive the closed-form solutions for M = 2 and in certain asymptotic regimes that enable an easy interpretation of the proposed algorithms. It is found that an appropriate amplifier power allocation is mandatory for DSTC to offer sufficient diversity and power gain in a general network topology.
Future automotive systems design: research challenges and opportunities: special session (2018)

Automotive systems are currently undergoing a radical shift in the way they are designed, implemented and deployed. Such changes impose an increased complexity and a high number of requirements in order to be more automated, connected, dependable and cost-effective. This raises several challenges that the embedded systems community has to face, encountered at different stages of systems development from modeling and design to software/hardware deployment and validation. This paper discusses current industrial trends and open problems in the hardware and software design of automotive systems, dictating rigorous constraints in terms of safety, real-time capabilities and security which have to be considered in future automotive systems design.
Free-space, optical time transfer through a water tank (2021)

We present and analyze an experiment to characterize the effect of turbidity to pulsed optical time transfer through water. During optical time transfer through water, two modules are each equipped with an atomic clock and timing electronics to keep and compare time independently. One module emits a laser pulse to a remote clock. The departure of the laser pulse from is time stamped with respect to a reference clock. The arrival of the pulse at the remote unit is time stamped with respect to its clock. The discrepancy between clocks is computed by comparing the measured departure time from plus the estimated time of flight of the pulse to the measured time of arrival at the remote unit. The estimated time of flight and the resulting time transfer performance are affected by the pulse propagation channel conditions. To analyze the effects of various channel conditions, we present the clock discrepancy, the measurement noise of an array of time stamps, and the Allan deviation. Allan deviation is a common metric in the time and frequency community to evaluate the stability of a series of events, where lower values are correlated with greater stability. This is an especially effective tool for studying nonstationary processes, where mean and deviation are a function of time, rather than constant. Additionally, insight into the dominant noise contributions of the frequency instability can be drawn by plotting the Allan deviation versus averaging time. In order to evaluate the free-space optical time transfer, Allan Deviation plots are generated for the empty, still water, and turbid water filled tank. Optical time transfer Allan deviation is compared to Allan Deviation generated from simultaneous frequency counter measurements through coaxial cables to differentiate between clock and channel stability.
Recalcitrant rosacea successfully treated with multiplexed pulsed dye laser. (2007)

There are few treatments that address both papulopustular and telangiectatic components of rosacea. We present a case of rosacea that was unresponsive to treatment with antibiotics. We report the novel use of a new laser technology, the multiplexed laser, for treatment of both papular and telangiectatic rosacea.
A review on III–V core–multishell nanowires: growth, properties, and applications (2017)

This review focuses on the emerging field of core-multishell (CMS) semiconductor nanowires (NWs). In these kinds of wires, a NW grown vertically on a substrate acts as a template for the coaxial growth of two or more layers wrapped around it. Thanks to the peculiar geometry, the strain is partially released along the radial direction, thus allowing the creation of fascinating heterostructures, even based on lattice mismatched materials that would hardly grow in a planar geometry. Enabling the unique bridging of the 1D nature of NWs with the exciting properties of 2D heterostructures, these novel systems are becoming attractive for material science, as well as fundamental and applied physics. We will focus on NWs made of III-V and III-V-based alloys as they represent a model system in which present growth techniques have reached a high degree of control on the material structural properties, and many physical properties have been assessed, from both the theoretical and experimental points of view. In particular, we provide an overview on the growth methods and structural properties of CMS NWs, on the modulation doping mechanisms enabled by these heterostructures, on the effects of a magnetic field, and on the phononic and optical properties typical of CMS NWs. Moreover, we review the main technological applications based on these systems, such as optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
MHD ETF conceptual design. Volume IV. Appendixes (1978)

Topics include (1) comparison of candidate MHD seed regeneration schemes; (2) consideration of various ash removal strategies for seed regeneration; (3) systems for water cooling the MHD channel and combustor for the ETF; (4) water treatment for the MHD/steam cycle; (5) insulation problems with the feeding of coal and injection of K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ seed into the combustor for the ETF; (6) design bases for ETF combustion and slag systems; (7) CO burnout in MHD duct after addition of supplementary air; (8) supersonic versus subsonic MHD channels; (9) MHD channel design requirements- (10) design bases of power conditioning equipment for ETF; (11) design bases for ETF magnets; (12) diffuser assumptions and performance estimates; (13) seed recycle system; and (14) seed regeneration. (WHK)
Signal Generation in Semiconductor Detectors for Photon-Counting CT (2020)

In this chapter, we will review physics and signal generation process of a semiconductor photon counting detector. We will cover basic x-ray interactions, electron-hole pair generation, charge transportation, and signal induction. Through this journey, we wish to help the readers build up picture of semiconductor detector physics and help them understand which factors are critical to the detector energy response.
Adaptive Loudness Compensation in Music Listening (2019)

(Abstract to follow)
Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Aerosol Oxidative Activity (2012)

Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been linked with respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to various cancers. Consistent among all of these associations is the hypothesis that PM induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the affected tissue. Consequently, a variety of assays have been developed to quantify the oxidative activity of PM as a means to characterize its ability to induced oxidative stress. The vast majority of these assays rely on high-volume, fixed-location sampling methods due to limitations in assay sensitivity and detection limit. As a result, our understanding of how personal exposure contributes to the intake of oxidative air pollution is limited. To further this understanding, we present a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for measuring PM oxidative activity on filters collected by personal sampling. The μPAD is inexpensive to fabricate and provides fast and sensitive analysis of aerosol oxidative activity. The oxidative activity measurement is based on the dithiothreitol assay (DTT assay), uses colorimetric detection, and can be completed in the field within 30 min following sample collection. The μPAD assay was validated against the traditional DTT assay using 13 extracted aerosol samples including urban aerosols, biomass burning PM, cigarette smoke, and incense smoke. The results showed no significant differences in DTT consumption rate measured by the two methods. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, personal samples were collected to estimate human exposures to PM from indoor air, outdoor air on a clean day, and outdoor air on a wildfire-impacted day in Fort Collins, CO. Filter samples collected on the wildfire day gave the highest oxidative activity on a mass normalized basis, whereas typical ambient background air showed the lowest oxidative activity.
Binaural prediction of speech intelligibility in reverberant rooms with multiple noise sources (2012)

When speech is in competition with interfering sources in rooms, monaural indicators of intelligibility fail to take account of the listener's abilities to separate target speech from interfering sounds using the binaural system. In order to incorporate these segregation abilities and their susceptibility to reverberation, Lavandier and Culling [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 387-399 (2010)] proposed a model which combines effects of better-ear listening and binaural unmasking. A computationally efficient version of this model is evaluated here under more realistic conditions that include head shadow, multiple stationary noise sources, and real-room acoustics. Three experiments are presented in which speech reception thresholds were measured in the presence of one to three interferers using real-room listening over headphones, simulated by convolving anechoic stimuli with binaural room impulse-responses measured with dummy-head transducers in five rooms. Without fitting any parameter of the model, there was close correspondence between measured and predicted differences in threshold across all tested conditions. The model's components of better-ear listening and binaural unmasking were validated both in isolation and in combination. The computational efficiency of this prediction method allows the generation of complex "intelligibility maps" from room designs.
Decarboxylative Carbon Acylation of Malonates with Aminoacylimidazolides Mediated by Lewis Acids (1990)

Abstract Various N-protected aminoacylimidazolides undergo decarboxylative carbon acylation with sodium or potassium nonomethylmalonate in THE in the presence of MgCl2, CoCl2 or MnCl2 to give dipeptide analogues (3) in 45–82% isolated yield. Amino Ketoester (3e) undergoes intramolecular cyclization induced by diisopropylethylamine and anhydrous magnesium chloride to trisubstituted tetramic acid (4).
Introduction to Dental Local Anaesthesia (1991)

Designed as both a study manual and a clinical resource, this volume reviews dental anatomy and the injection sites for dental local anaesthesia. Step-by-step guidelines for local anaesthetic techniques are also provided.
Visualization of choline-based phospholipids at the interface of oil/water emulsions with TEPC-15 antibody. Immunofluorescence applied to colloidal systems (2016)

Phospholipids, which are amphiphilic biomolecules composed of a polar head group and two nonpolar fatty acid tails, play a central role in cellular and body functions.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of β-defensins, multi-functional peptides of the immune system (2006)

beta-defensins are a large family of multiple disulfide-bonded peptides occurring in mammals and birds. They play an important role in the innate immune system, directly killing microbial organisms. Recent research has demonstrated that beta-defensins are important for other biological functions beyond antimicrobial effects, including inhibition of viral infection, interaction with Toll-like receptors, chemotactic effects, and sperm function. The corresponding broad spectrum of activities makes this peptide class an important subject and tool in immunologic research. In this review, we summarize the current status of the routes to obtain synthetic beta-defensins, their major structural properties and structure-activity relationship.