gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive IP encapsulation for real-time traffic over Ethernet (2005)

Quality of service support for multimedia applications has to date focused on "core-network" schemes, with little attention to the last-mile issue. We extend the QoS support to Ethernet users through a novel adaptive encapsulation scheme. The scheme supports both real-time (RT) and non-real-time (NRT) traffic types. It is adaptive in that it dynamically varies the number of IP packets in an Ethernet frame, depending on the delay requirements of the transported packets, the framing overhead, and the state of the shared medium. For RT traffic, the proposed scheme is designed to maximize the encapsulation efficiency while probabilistically guaranteeing the delay requirements of the traffic. For NRT traffic, the scheme aims at maximizing the efficiency. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results indicate a substantial improvement in the effective throughput, ranging from 20% to more than 200%, depending on the type of traffic (RT or NRT) and on the underlying packet sizes.
Review of die lip buildup in plastics extrusion (1997)

Abstract Die lip buildup, also called plate‐out, die drrool, die drip, or die peel, refers to the unwanted material accumulation on the open faces of extrusion dies. Since this buildup of material can interfere with extrusion, the processing line must be shut down periodically to clean the die. These shutdowns are costly. The mechanism for die lip buildup is not understood, though there are a variety of proposed explanations. Ways to suppress the problem have been developed by trial. Our review of the literature suggests that there are many mechanisms at play in die lip buildup. For a given industrial problem only a few may matter, but which? Here we use a dimensional analysis to develop a unified approach to die drool problems.
Acute Kidney Injury, Fluid Overload, and Renal Replacement Therapy Differ by Underlying Diagnosis in Neonatal Extracorporeal Support and Impact Mortality Disparately (2021)

Physiologically distinct ECMO diagnoses warrant individualized treatment strategies given variable incidence and effects of AKI, FO, and RRT by category on mortality.
Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Plant and Economic Analysis (2016)

This article presents optimization of large-scale solar photovoltaic plants with economic analysis. The optimization includes the design of the plants, distribution of power conditioning units, and several other factors which affect the performance of the plants throughout their working life. Component arrangements are done to maximize power output and minimize the cost of production under-distributed and the central inverter mode of operation. Several optimization techniques have been analyzed, and a detailed comparison is presented for levelized cost of production and the economics of the plants. Economic analysis of the plants has been investigated to determine the net present value and internal rate of return using the Monte Carlo method.
Probability of removing fractured instruments from root canals (2005)

Curved canals are a higher risk for instrument fracture than straight canals. In curved canals rotary instruments (including lentulo spirals) fractured more often than other instruments. In all, 87% of the fractured instruments were removed successfully. A decrease in success rate was evident with increasing treatment time. The use of an operating microscope was a prerequisite for the techniques used to remove the fractured instruments.
Managing network resources in Condor (2002)

Data-intensive applications in the Condor high-throughput computing (HTC) environment can place heavy demands on network resources for checkpointing and remote data access. We have developed mechanisms to monitor, control and schedule network usage in Condor. By managing network resources, these mechanisms provide administrative control over Condor's network usage and improve the execution efficiency of Condor applications.
The expression of CXCL13 and its relation to unfavorable clinical characteristics in young breast cancer (2015)

Background: Young breast cancer occupies a higher and higher proportion of breast cancer, especially in Asia, and is associated with a more unfavorable prognosis compared with the disease arising in older women. However, the poor prognosis of young breast cancer cannot be fully explained by the clinical and molecular factors. Methods: This study investigated 1125 Chinese breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013. A data mining of gene expression profiles was performed for the young and older breast cancer patients, identifying significantly differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay were carried out for the clinical sample validations.
Sign Haar Transform (2002)

A non-linear transform, called "Sign Haar Transform" has been introduced. The transform is unique and converts binary/ternary vectors into ternary spectral domain. Recursive definitions and Fast Transforms for the calculation of Sign Haar Transform have been developed. The new transform is extremely computationally effective both in terms of memory requirements and processing time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polyneuropathy complicating bone marrow and solid organ transplantation (1993)

We report a generalized polyneuropathy coincident with the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease in four patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation and accompanying solid organ rejection (heart and kidney) in two patients. The neuropathy affected proximal and distal muscles, demonstrated hyporeflexia or areflexia, and usually had elevated CSF protein. Electrophysiologic studies did not meet strict criteria for demyelination. The signs of neuropathy improved after immunosuppressive treatment or simultaneous to the resolution of graft-versus-host disease or tissue rejection. Polyneuropathy must be considered as a potential complication of tissue transplantation.
Successive Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converters: Improving Power Efficiency and Conversion Speed (2016)

Successive-approximation register analog-to-digital converters (SAR ADCs) have been around for a long time, but they have recently received a lot of attention due to the advantages of process scaling and recent architectural innovations, leading to improvements in power efficiency and conversion speed. For illustration, Figure 1 shows a collection of data converters in terms of energy per conversion (which is the power consumption P divided by the sampling rate fs) and accuracy, expressed as signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR), based on data from [1]. As one can see, SAR ADCs are very power efficient compared to other architectures for medium accuracies between 40 and 70 dB of SNDR. In terms of speed, SAR ADCs have managed to reach sampling rates of up to 90 GS/s when time interleaved [2]. One of the reasons SAR ADCs are doing so well is because they use simple analog and digital circuits that tend to scale well and benefit from newer process technologies. Moreover, the simple structure often allows operation at reduced supply levels, which can save additional power. In this article, we will discuss the basic design aspects of SAR ADCs and give a short overview of state-of-the-art designs and future trends.
Cryptosystems based on space-discretization of chaotic maps (2002)

Many kinds of chaotic cryptosystems have been proposed so far. However, most of them do not have enough security. In the present paper, a new kind of chaotic cryptosystem is proposed. The cryptosystem is based on a discretization of the skew tent map. The security is also investigated based on dynamical characteristics. Dynamical system theory is helpful for designing chaotic cryptosystems.
Hearing Aid Gain and Frequency Response Requirements for the Severely/Profoundly Hearing Impaired (1990)

The optimal frequency response slope, from the low frequencies (250 or 500 Hz) to 2000 Hz, was estimated for each of 46 severely or profoundly hearing-impaired adults. The estimates were derived from paired comparison judgments of speech filtered to simulate different frequency response conditions, from home trials and ratings of different tone settings of high-powered, behind-the-ear hearing aids, and for 28 subjects, from speech recognition testing. The estimated optimal response, expressed as the slope from 250 to 2000 Hz and as the slope from 500 to 2000 Hz, was compared with the response prescribed by the National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL) procedure and its relationship to audiometric variables was analyzed. Insertion gain was measured for the preferred volume setting with the best frequency response. Preferred gain was typically about 10 dB higher than the NAL prescribed gain. Considering these results in relation to other data, it appears that the "half-gain" rule ceases to apply when HTL exceeds about 70 dB. The estimated optimal frequency response agreed with the NAL response for some subjects but relatively more low frequencies were required for between a third and half of the subjects, depending upon how frequency response is expressed. Generally, more low frequencies were required if HTL at 2000 Hz exceeded 95 dB, whereas the NAL response was usually appropriate for other cases.
Combined NMR and DFT Studies for the Absolute Configuration Elucidation of the Spore Photoproduct, a UV-Induced DNA Lesion (2008)

By irradiation of bacterial spores under UV radiation, a photoproduct (SP) bearing a covalent methylene link between two adjacent thymines is formed in DNA. Because of the presence of an asymmetric carbon on the aglycone and of two possible orientations for the formation of the cross-link, four isomers could in principle be obtained. Currently, no conclusive structural information of this photoproduct is available. The structure of the isolated SPTpT dinucleotide was revisited in order to determine the type of cross-link and the absolute configuration of the C&lt;sub&gt;5a&lt;/sub&gt; carbon. For this purpose, a study combining NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations was pursued on the spore photoproduct of the dinucleoside TpT since its structure was previously shown to be identical to the one produced in DNA. A full characterization of SPTpT by NMR analyses was performed in D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and DMSO. 2D NMR measurements (&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H−&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C, &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H−&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;P, COSY, NOESY, and ROESY) and DFT calculations (geometries optimization of &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; isomers and theoretical chemical shifts) lead us to conclude without ambiguity that the absolute configuration of the C&lt;sub&gt;5a&lt;/sub&gt; carbon is &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; and that the methylene bridge of the photoproduct corresponds to the methyl group of the thymine located on the 3′-end of the dinucleoside monophosphate.
Study of filamentation threshold in zinc selenide (2014)

The possibility of creating filaments with laser wavelengths ranging from 800 nm to 2.4 µm was investigated using an OPA laser system. Zinc Selenide's (ZnSe) unique characteristics - small band gap E(gZnSe)=2.67eV and positive dispersion for this wavelength range - are well suited for filamentation study where multi-photon absorption can be achieved with two to six photons.
Selection of strains of Epicoccum purpurascens for tolerance to fungicides and improved biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (1990)

A wild-type isolate of Epicoccum purpurascens was exposed to shortwave ultraviolet light. One of the resulting cultures (M-20-A) was grown on media amended with the fungicides iprodione or vinclozolin and fungicide-tolerant strains were obtained. Several comparisons were made between new strains and the wild type. Sporulation was improved compared with the wild type. Strains varied in their tolerance to iprodione and vinclozolin but were not tolerant to the fungicide benomyl. Strains R4000, 16-B, and 7-A inhibited Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro more than either the wild type or M-20-A, and exhibited improved control of white mold of bean in the greenhouse compared with M-20-A. Key words: biological control, fungicide resistance, white mold, iprodione, vinclozolin.
Novel Coupled-Inductor Multi-phase VRs (2007)

Coupling the output inductors of the multi-phase Buck can reduce the steady-state current ripple while maintaining the same transient response. The conduction losses in the switches can thus be reduced. Furthermore, using coupled inductor can greatly improve the dynamic performance with smaller inductance during the transient. Magnetic fundamentals of the existing coupled inductor multi-phase Buck converters will be revealed in this paper firstly. With the insight gained, novel coupled inductor circuitries will be disclosed. They feature flexibility, symmetric magnetic path, short winding length, and light load efficiency enhancement. Finally, theoretical analysis, design guideline and experimental verification are included.
Serotonin condensation product 5-hydroxymethtryptoline: evidence for in vivo formation from acetaldehyde during intoxication using deuterium labelled ethanol. (1987)

Trideuterated 5-hydroxymethtryptoline was found in the urine of rats treated with trideuterated ethanol. The combined treatment with disulfiram lead to a more than 10-fold increase in the excretion rate. The chiral analysis revealed unequal abundance of enantiomers suggesting the involvement of a stereoselective (enzymatic) mechanism in the formation 5-hydroxymethtryptoline during ethanol intoxication.
Unified coronagraph and wavefront control design (2011)

Numerous coronagraph designs for high-contrast imaging in space have been proposed, differentiated by various performance metrics, such as throughput, inner working angle, bandwidth, ease of implementation (a surrogate for cost), sensitivity, and robustness. In all cases, the performance of the coronagraph is limited by wavefront aberrations in the system, necessitating a deformable mirror (DM) wavefront control system. Traditionally, coronagraphs are designed to achieve the targeted contrast assuming perfect optics, then combined with the controller to correct aberrations in a small dark hole reachable by the DMs. This paper shows how all coronagraphs adjust amplitude and are thus limited by amplitude errors. We propose a unified design approach where the coronagraph is only designed to achieve contrast to the level determined by the amplitude error and in a dark hole consistent with the wavefront controller. The deformable mirrors are then used with the already existing algorithms to generate the remainder of the dark hole. We show new shaped pupil designs with much increased throughput and smaller inner working angles consistent with this approach. These new designs can also be used with on-axis and segmented telescopes.
Brain (PET) Responses to Vaginal-Cervical Self-Stimulation in Women with Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Preliminary Findings (2002)

Our recent research provides evidence that women with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) at the midthoracic level show perceptual responses to vaginal and/or cervical self-stimulation (for example, pain suppression and sexual response, including orgasm). On the basis of studies in laboratory rats, we hypothesized that the vagus nerves provide a sensory pathway from the vagina, cervix, and uterus directly to the brain in women. To test this hypothesis, we performed a PET-MRI study on two women with complete SCI and 1 woman with no injuries. Whereas control foot stimulation of the women with SCI did not activate the somatosensory thalamus, cervical self-stimulation increased activity in the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract, which is the brainstem nucleus to which the vagus nerves project. These preliminary findings suggest that the vagus nerves can convey genital sensory input directly to the brain in women, completely bypassing SCI at any level.
Thermally stable highly efficient electro-optic polymer modulator (2002)

Design and fabrication of low-loss nonlinear polymer waveguides with attenuation smaller than 2 dB/cm are reported. Electro-optic devices based on this polymer such as phase modulators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, have been fabricated and demonstrated. The best figures obtained so far at 1.32 /spl mu/m are V/sub /spl pi//=10 V for the phase modulator inserted between crossed polarizers and V/sub /spl pi//=9 V for the Mach-Zehnder modulator working in TM polarization. The electro-optic polymer is stable at 85/spl deg/C for more than 2000 hours.
Immobilisation of a biological chelate in porous mesostructured silica for selective metal removal from wastewater and its recovery (2005)

This study represents a preliminary stage in the development of a process aimed at the selective uptake and release of metal ions from wastewater. The process involves the immobilisation of highly selective natural chelates secreted by bacteria or other living species inside mesoporous micelle-templated silicas (MTS) that could be used as usual resins. To demonstrate the feasibility of the concept, a model system was used. It involves pyoverdin, a natural Fe(III) chelator from a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, covalently anchored to a glycidoxypropyl linker into the large pores (13 nm) of a MTS material. The hybrid material obtained is very stable as no leaching of the pyoverdin complex was observed during repeated washings and repeated uses. The native fluorescence of the pyoverdin allows a simpler follow-up and quantification of the iron uptake and release processes. The pyoverdin-anchored MTS is very selective towards Fe(III) if a multi-metallic solution is used. MTS materials allow a higher density of pyoverdin anchoring and consequently a higher metal uptake, compared to a high-grade silica gel.
Speech enhancement using a pitch predictive model (2008)

In this paper we present two new methods for speech enhancement based on the previously publised fine pitch model (FPM) for voiced speech. The first method (FPM-NE) uses the FPM to produce a non-stationary noise estimate that can be used in any standard speech enhancement system. In this method, the FPM is used indirectly to perform speech enhancement. The second method we describe (FPM-SE) uses the FPM directly to perform speech enhancement. We present a study of the behavior of the two models on the standard Aurora 2 task, and demonstrate improvements of over 45% average word error rate reduction over the multi-style baseline.
Evaluating scatterometry 3D capabilities for EUV (2013)

Optical critical dimension (OCD) metrology using scatterometry has been demonstrated to be a viable solution for fast and non-destructive in-line process control and monitoring. As extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is more widely adopted to fabricate smaller and smaller patterns for electronic devices, scatterometry faces new challenges due to several reasons. For 14nm node and beyond, the feature size is nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the shortest wavelength used in scatterometry. In addition, thinner resist layer is used in EUVL compared with conventional lithography, which leads to reduced measurement sensitivity. Despite these difficulties, tolerance has reduced for smaller feature size. In this work we evaluate 3D capability of scatterometry for EUV process using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Three types of structures, contact holes, tip-to-tip, and tip-to-edge, are studied to test CD and end-gap metrology capabilities. The wafer is processed with focus and exposure matrix. Good correlations to CD-SEM results are achieved and good dynamic precision is obtained for all the key parameters. In addition, the fit to process provides an independent method to evaluate data quality from different metrology tools such as OCD and CDSEM. We demonstrate 3D capabilities of scatterometry OCD metrology for EUVL using spectroscopic ellipsometry, which provides valuable in-line metrology for CD and end-gap control in electronic circuit fabrications.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Infrared and Electrical Conductivity of the Layered Rubidium Uranate Rb4U5O17. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biorational Pest Control Agents (1995)

The last American Chemical Society (ACS) sponsored Symposium on Formulation Technology was held in New Orleans in 1987. Since then, we have had numerous developments in more sophisticated active ingredients (AI's) and formulations, including controlled release [T° and pH mechanisms (1), as well as U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates on eliminating many of the conventional solvents. Pesticides are under increased review by EPA and increased scrutiny by the press and the public it serves. Concerns focus on pesticides in food, air and water and the resulting impact on man and other organisms. The United States has established a goal of implementing integrated pest management (IPM) on 75% of all agricultural lands by the year 2000, and has a goal to reduce pesticide use and to use safer pesticides. In addition, there are mandated legislative activities in Europe, e.g., requiring a 50% reduction of AI's in 10 years. In Sweden, for example, the reduction in insurance spraying has been achieved by using more active herbicides (less AI/ha), additional education of the farming community, improved risk-benefit analyses, mandatory and voluntary testing of sprayers, pest forecasting research and general increases in advisory services which, in general, have been paid for by redirecting government resources, and assessing some fees. However, the general net impact on the Swedish farmer economy, for example, has been minimal (A. Emmerman, personal communication).
Understanding the Accessibility of Smartphone Photography for People with Motor Impairments (2018)

We present the results of an exploration to understand the accessibility of smartphone photography for people with motor impairments. We surveyed forty-six people and interviewed twelve people about capturing, editing, and sharing photographs on smartphones. We found that people with motor impairments encounter many challenges with smartphone photography, resulting in users capturing fewer photographs than they would like. Participants described various strategies they used to overcome challenges in order to capture a quality photograph. We also found that photograph quality plays a large role in deciding which photographs users share and how often they share, with most participants rating their photographs as average or poor quality compared to photos shared on their social networks. Additionally, we created design probes of two novel photography interfaces and received feedback from our interview participants about their usefulness and functionality. Based on our findings, we propose design recommendations for how to improve the accessibility of mobile photoware for people with motor impairments.
Nitrogen-doped β-Ga2O3 vertical transistors with a threshold voltage of ≥1.3 V and a channel mobility of 100 cm2 V−1 s−1 (2023)

Abstract We demonstrate high-performance normally-off multi-fin β -Ga 2 O 3 vertical transistors with a wide fin width from 1.0 to 2.0 μ m by using a nitrogen-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 high-resistive layer grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy. Normally-off operation was achieved with a threshold voltage of ≥1.3 V, a specific on-resistance of 2.9 mΩ·cm 2 and a current density of 760 A cm −2 at a gate voltage of +10 V. The estimated MOS channel field effect mobility was ∼100 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . These findings offer important insights on the development of Ga 2 O 3 MOSFETs and show the great promise of Ga 2 O 3 vertical power devices.