gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient Thermal Modeling Of An Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (Afpm) Machine Using A Hybrid Thermal Model (2010)

This paper presents the development of a hybrid thermal model for the EVO Electric AFM 140 Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine as used in hybrid and electric vehicles. The adopted approach is based on a hybrid lumped parameter and finite difference method. The proposed method divides each motor component into regular elements which are connected together in a thermal resistance network representing all the physical connections in all three dimensions. The element shape and size are chosen according to the component geometry to ensure consistency. The fluid domain is lumped into one region with averaged heat transfer parameters connecting it to the solid domain. Some model parameters are obtained from Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation and empirical data. The hybrid thermal model is described by a set of coupled linear first order differential equations which is discretised and solved iteratively to obtain the temperature profile. The computation involved is low and thus the model is suitable for transient temperature predictions. The maximum error in temperature prediction is 3.4% and the mean error is consistently lower than the mean error due to uncertainty in measurements. The details of the model development, temperature predictions and suggestions for design improvements are presented in this paper.
Dynamical Collapse of White Dwarfs in Hartree- and Hartree-Fock Theory (2006)

We study finite-time blow-up for pseudo-relativistic Hartree- and Hartree-Fock equations, which are model equations for the dynamical evolution of white dwarfs. In particular, we prove that radially symmetric initial configurations with negative energy lead to finite-time blow-up of solutions. Furthermore, we derive a mass concentration estimate for radial blow-up solutions. Both results are mathematically rigorous and are in accordance with Chandrasekhar's physical theory of white dwarfs, stating that stellar configurations beyond a certain limiting mass lead to ``gravitational collapse'' of these objects. Apart from studying blow-up, we also prove local well-posedness of the initial-value problem for the Hartree- and Hartree-Fock equations underlying our analysis, as well as global-in-time existence of solutions with sufficiently small initial data, corresponding to white dwarfs whose stellar mass is below the Chandrasekhar limit.
Targeting c-FLICE-like inhibitory protein (CFLAR) in cancer (2012)

Therefore, insights into the molecular events that regulate c-FLIP expression and activity in human cancers will provide the basis for the development of new strategies to target c-FLIP expression in human cancers.
Double-Dose Pravastatin Versus Add-On Ezetimibe with Low-Dose Pravastatin -Effects on LDL Cholesterol, Cholesterol Absorption, and Cholesterol Synthesis in Japanese Patients with Hypercholesterolemia (PEAS study) (2012)

Adding ezetimibe to low-dose pravastatin achieves greater decreases in LDL-C, apo B, and cholesterol absorption markers than doubling the dose of pravastatin.
Leading Article: Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)4receptors: physiology, pharmacology and therapeutic potential (1996)

AbstractThe 5-HT4 receptor is a seven transmembrane spanning, G-protein coupled receptor, that, in all tissues studied to date, positively couples to adenylate cyclase. The receptor exists in two isoforms (5-HT4S and 5-HT4L), that differ in their distribution in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Pharmacologically, the 5-HT4 receptor is defined by several selective agonists and antagonists, some with good bioavailability in a number of species. Selective radioligands are now available for the receptor and these have facilitated the mapping of 5-HT4 distribution in the brain. Based upon the anatomical location and activity of selective ligands in animal models, emerging data suggest that 5-HT4 receptors play a role in learning and memory formation. In the periphery, several lines of evidence indicate that the receptor modulates gastrointestinal motility and secretion, increases heart rate, enhances steroid secretion from the adrenal gland and augments bladder emptying. A number of 5-HT4 receptor agonists, with varying degrees of selectivity, are in clinical development, primarily in terms of their potential to augment gastric motility. Although clinical data are unavailable, it is possible that selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonists will have therapeutic utility in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, urge incontinence or cardiac arrhythmias.Key Words: 5-HT4 receptorselective agonists and antagonistscognitiongastrointestinal tracturinary bladderadrenal cortexmyocardium
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases by Ultra-pH-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles (2020)

Lymph node (LN) dissection followed by histological analysis is the current standard for diagnosis of LN metastasis but the method suffers from patient morbidity and low sensitivity of detection. Ultra-pH sensitive (UPS) nanoparticles show remarkable accuracy in the delineation of primary tumor margins for precision cancer surgery. Herein we investigate the effectiveness of UPS nanoparticles to detect cancer-involved LNs. <b>Methods</b>: We synthesized a series of indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated UPS nanoparticles with distinct pK<sub>a</sub> (UPS<sub>5.3</sub>, UPS<sub>6.1</sub>, and UPS<sub>6.9</sub>). Systemically administered UPS-ICG nanoparticles in the 4T1.2-BALB/cj mouse model were imaged with real-time, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) to guide removal of LNs. <i>Ex vivo</i> imaging of gross tissue enabled quantification of fluorescence intensity. Histological analysis was used as the gold standard diagnostic test. <b>Results</b>: Macrophage uptake of UPS nanoparticles elevates the background signal in benign LNs. However, cancer foci within LNs show distinctive clustering of UPS-ICG fluorescence. UPS<sub>5.3</sub> achieves accurate detection of metastatic LNs as shown by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 ± 0.03. UPS<sub>6.1</sub> and UPS<sub>6.9</sub> offer decreased discriminatory power at ROC AUC of 0.73 ± 0.1 and 0.88 ± 0.07, respectively. <b>Conclusions</b>: All UPS compositions show cancer-specific discrimination of metastatic LNs over benign LNs with the best outcomes from UPS<sub>5.3</sub>. Detection of micro-metastatic LNs (cancer foci < 2 mm) remains a challenge. This study provides information on the detection of LN status for image-guided resection of metastatic LNs.
IgG2 restriction of anti-β2-glycoprotein I as the basis for the association between IgG2 anticardiolipin antibodies and thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome: Comment on the article by Sammaritano et al (1998)

View article in HTML via [email protected] Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Amoxycillin-Clavulanate Vs Azithromycin for Respiratory Exacerbations of Bronchiectasis in Children: A Multi-Centre Double Blind Non-Inferiority RCT (2018)

Introduction\nBased on limited available data, amoxycillin‐clavulanate is the current recommended first‐line empirical oral‐antibiotic treatment for non‐severe bronchiectasis exacerbations in children. Azithromycin is an attractive alternative because of its long half‐life, reduced dosing schedule, and good safety profile in children. We tested our primary hypothesis that oral azithromycin is non‐inferior (within 20% margin) to amoxycillin‐clavulanate at achieving resolution of exacerbation by day‐21 of treatment in children with bronchiectasis.\n\nMethods\nWe conducted a multicentre, parallel group, double‐dummy, double‐blind placebo‐controlled RCT trial in 4 centres. At the start of an exacerbation, 179 children were randomised to receive either amoxycillin‐clavulanate (22.5 mg/kg bd)/placebo or azithromycin (5mg/kg/day)/placebo for 21‐days. Our primary outcome was resolution of exacerbation (defined as ‘return to baseline') by 21‐days. Study was powered for 90% (α=0.05, 1‐sided) with 20% non‐inferiority margin to detect 80% resolution rate by day‐21. Secondary outcomes were cough‐specific quality of life (PC‐QoL) and duration of exacerbation. Generalised linear model was used to calculate relative differences between groups.\n\nResults\nBaseline characteristics of the 2 groups (amoxycillin‐clavulanate n=97 and azithromycin n=82) were similar. By day‐21, resolution was comparable between groups, relative risk 0.99 95%CI 0.84‐1.17, falling within the a‐priori calculated 20% non‐inferiority margin. Between group differences for duration of exacerbation (2 days 95%CI ‐1.7, 5.3) and PC‐QoL at day‐21 compared to beginning of exacerbation was also within our non‐inferiority margin (0.42, 95%CI ‐0.06, 0.89).\n\nConclusion\nAzithromycin is non‐inferior to amoxicillin‐clavulanate for treating non‐severe exacerbations of bronchiectasis in children. Azithromycin may be preferred to amoxicillin‐clavulanate in selected settings e.g. adherence. However, its use needs to be balanced with risk of treatment failure (within 20% compared to amoxicillin‐clavulanate) and inducing macrolide resistance.
Post-swim oxygen consumption: assessment methodologies and kinetics analysis (2020)

The backward extrapolation of the first 20 s of recovery is the best method to assess the [Formula: see text]O<sub>2</sub>peak for a large spectrum of swimming intensities. Complementarily, intensity increases imply different recovery curve kinetics, particularly a mono-exponential behaviour for low-moderate and heavy exertions and a bi-exponential dynamics for severe paces.
A global call for action to include gender in research impact assessment (2016)

Global investment in biomedical research has grown significantly over the last decades, reaching approximately a quarter of a trillion US dollars in 2010. However, not all of this investment is distributed evenly by gender. It follows, arguably, that scarce research resources may not be optimally invested (by either not supporting the best science or by failing to investigate topics that benefit women and men equitably). Women across the world tend to be significantly underrepresented in research both as researchers and research participants, receive less research funding, and appear less frequently than men as authors on research publications. There is also some evidence that women are relatively disadvantaged as the beneficiaries of research, in terms of its health, societal and economic impacts. Historical gender biases may have created a path dependency that means that the research system and the impacts of research are biased towards male researchers and male beneficiaries, making it inherently difficult (though not impossible) to eliminate gender bias. In this commentary, we - a group of scholars and practitioners from Africa, America, Asia and Europe - argue that gender-sensitive research impact assessment could become a force for good in moving science policy and practice towards gender equity. Research impact assessment is the multidisciplinary field of scientific inquiry that examines the research process to maximise scientific, societal and economic returns on investment in research. It encompasses many theoretical and methodological approaches that can be used to investigate gender bias and recommend actions for change to maximise research impact. We offer a set of recommendations to research funders, research institutions and research evaluators who conduct impact assessment on how to include and strengthen analysis of gender equity in research impact assessment and issue a global call for action.
Technical and Economic Performance Metrics for CCUS Projects: Example from the East Canton Consolidated Oil Field, Ohio, USA (2017)

A cost-benefit analysis is presented to evaluate the economic feasibility of carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery in Ohio. Integrating Ohio-specific data with reservoir performance and economic models, the analysis is applied to an oilfield in Ohio to illustrate application of the methodology. A break-even correlation is presented that may serve as a stand-alone metric for project screening purposes to determine the price conditions at which carbon dioxide becomes a viable purchase for EOR and a marketable asset for power plants with capture technology.
Atividade antiulcerogenica : isolamento e identificação dos principios ativos da Mikania laevigata Schultz. Bip (2004)

Orientador: João Ernesto de Carvalho
Singular X-ray optics (2006)

This chapter acquaints the reader with the nascent field of singular X-ray optics, dealing with the singularities of X-ray wave fields, particularly phase singularities (phase vortices). The concept of a phase vortex is outlined, including its link to the notion of a nodal line. Using certain exact polynomial solutions to the d’Alembert wave equation, various aspects of vortex dynamics are treated, including vortex nucleation and annihilation, vortex stability and decay, and the interactions of phase vortices with the background X-ray field in which they are embedded. Several experimental means of creating X-ray vortices are considered: interference of three plane waves, synthetic holograms, spiral phase masks, and spontaneous vortex formation using random phase screens. Other types of singularity besides phase vortices are then considered, including domain walls and caustics. The chapter closes with a discussion of Berry’s notion of a singularity hierarchy, as it relates to the subject of coherent X-ray optics.
Neural Networks: Current Applications (1992)

Neural network basics using adaptive networks for resource allocation in changing environments medical risk assessment for insurance underwriting modelling chemical process systems via neural computation the application of neural networks to robotics neural networks in vision image labelling with a neural network object recognition with optimum neural networks handwritten digit recognition with a backpropagation network higher order networks for invariant pattern recognition the bionic retina and beyond.
Identification of an antibacterial protein by functional screening of a human oral metagenomic library (2015)

This is a corrigendum to the original article published in 2015, updating the author list to include Philip Warburton.
Identification of a Novel Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene Mutation Causing Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis (2005)

Calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR) mutations that alter the function of the G protein coupled Ca (2+)-sensing receptor are reported in patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH), and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT). In search for novel disease causing mutations in the CASR gene, we screened exons 2 - 7 of the CASR gene of a family with FHH using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. We identified a novel CASR mutation (c.518 T > C; L173 P) in exon 4 encoding for the extracellular domain of the Ca (2+)-sensing receptor. This region seems to represent a hot spot within the CASR gene with at least 13 reported disease causing mutations thus far.
Lack of expression of the VHS107 gene family in the lipopolysaccharide-sensitive B cell subset of X-linked immunodeficiency-defective mice. (1986)

The expression of the VH T15 gene product was analyzed in the sera and in the supernatants of polyclonally activated B cells of X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice. We found that defective males, contrary to normal females, do not express the VH T15 gene product even on antibodies devoid of anti-PC specificity. RNA analysis of polyclonally activated cells with VH specific probes revealed that xid-defective B cells do not express the entire S107 or part of the J606 VH family. Members of the J558 family, on the other hand, are equally well expressed among defective males and normal female B cells. These results strongly suggest that VH families are asymmetrically represented among B cell subsets.
Neurochemical profile of dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the canine ventricle (2007)

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons innervating the canine ventricle were identified by retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase (HRP and cholera toxin β subunit‐conjugated HRP) injected into the anterior left ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract. DRG’s (T1‐T4) were harvested 7 days post injection, sectioned and immunostained for HRP and combinations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). At the T3 level, 19+6% (mean ±SD) of the DRG neuronal population was immunolabeled for CGRP, 11%±3 for SP, and 6±3% were double labeled for CGRP and SP. Of this population, 2% were immunolabeled for HRP. Of these HRP‐labeled DRG neurons, 23±17% exhibited positive staining for CGRP, 3±4% for SP (p&lt;0.02 versus % SP positive in total population), and 13±9% were tripled labeled (HRP, SP and CGRP). Thirty‐one percent of HRP‐labeled DRG neurons exhibited nNOS immunoreactivity. These data support the emerging concept of afferent heterogeneity in sensory processing of the ventricular milieu. They also suggest that the neurochemical profile for DRG sensory afferents is differentially expressed, depending upon the target organ. (HL71830).
Completion of lung cancer screening after a baseline order for LDCT at five diverse health systems. (2021)

10506 Background: In 2014 and 2015, the Affordable Care Act required coverage of, and CMS began reimbursing for lung cancer screening (LCS). Previous studies have shown that when new screening tests or treatments become available, disparities in disease outcomes often increase due to those with fewer resources having less access and greater barriers to care. African American men have historically had higher incidence of and death due to lung cancer than white males in the U.S., raising concerns regarding access to LCS and the potential for increases in disparities in lung cancer. We aimed to determine whether individual or neighborhood level factors were associated with completion of a baseline screening after an order for LCS low dose CT (LDCT) was placed. Methods: In a retrospective study conducted within the five health systems of the Lung Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR) Consortium, we determined adherence to baseline LDCT after a health care provider placed an order for LCS (January 2014 through June 2019). Follow-up was available through September 2019. Patients of interest for this analysis were current or former smokers, age 55 to 80 with a 30+ pack-year smoking history. Smoking history and other individual level variables were determined through electronic medical records. Neighborhood factors were derived from the 2010 Census and multivariable logistic regression was used. Results: Of the 13,920 patients that had at least one order for a baseline LCS exam, 14.1% were non-Hispanic Black, 70.3% were non-Hispanic White, and 15.7% were of other or unknown race. Overall, 61.2% of patients completed a LDCT within 90 days and 71.9% completed a scan by the end of follow-up. Completion of a baseline scan differed by health system (LDCT at 90-days, range 51% - 84%, p&lt;0.0001) and increased in general across scan year (range 49.1%-66.0%, p &lt;0.001). In multivariate logistic regression models, males (aOR=1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.23, p=&lt;0.0001), former smokers (aOR=1.31, 95% CI 1.21-1.40, p &lt;0.0001), and those with a prior history of any cancer (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.32, p=0.03) were more likely to complete LDCT. Blacks were marginally less likely to have completed a baseline LDCT (aOR=0.90, 95% CI 0.81-1.00, p=0.06) within 90 days of an order. Sex modified the associations of race on completion of orders (p=0.08) (Black men aOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.94, p=0.006 ; Black women aOR=0.99, 95% CI 0.86-1.14, p=0.89). Conclusions: This multisite study indicates Black men in particular may have a lower likelihood of completing a baseline LCS after an order for screening is placed. As lung cancer screening programs move forward, attention should be given to factors associated with reduced uptake and adherence of screening to ensure disparities in lung cancer outcomes do not persist and increase. Provider and health system factors that may impact LCS uptake should be explored in future studies.
Induction of osteoclast differentiation by NOC-18, a long-acting nitric oxide donor (2009)

It is well established that osteoclast differentiation/activation is involved in orthodontic tooth movement at the compression sites. However, the mechanism of osteoclast differentiation/activation in orthodontic tooth movement remains unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to play a crucial role in bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading, and several reports showed that inhibition of NO synthases prevented orthodontic tooth movement in animal models. Here, we investigated whether osteoclast differentiation can be induced by NO in vitro. Osteoclast differentiation was slightly induced by NOC-18, a long-acting NO donor, and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was further augmented by NOC-18. Short-acting NO donors including NOC-15, NOC-9 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did not significantly induce osteoclast differentiation. Since it has been reported that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a crucial role in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was enhanced by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) whereas it was suppressed by inhibition of p38 MAPK, involvement of MAPK signaling in stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by NOC-18 was investigated. Western blot analysis demonstrated that pretreatment with NOC-18 inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK whereas it augmented RANKL-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, mouse M-CSF-dependent bone marrow macrophages were induced to differentiate into osteoclasts by NOC-18. These results suggest that NOC-18 enhanced osteoclast differentiation via MAPK signaling in accordance with RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 11‐Azasteroids from Aromatic Amines, Formaldehyde, and Cyclopentadiene. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Large and pristine films of reduced graphene oxide (2015)

A new self-assembly concept is introduced to form large and pristine films (15 cm in diameter) of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The resulting film has different degrees of polarity on its two different sides due to the characteristic nature of the self-assembly process. The RGO film can be easily transferred from a glass substrate onto water and a polymer substrate after injection of water molecules between the RGO film and glass substrate using an electric steamer. The RGO film can also be easily patterned into various shapes with a resolution of around ± 10 μm by a simple taping method, which is suitable for mass production of printed electronics at low cost.