gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relaxant action of nicorandil in guinea‐pig isolated trachealis (1986)

Nicorandil (1-1000 mumol l-1) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachealis. Propranolol (1 mumol l-1) did not modify the relaxant action of nicorandil but antagonized isoprenaline. Among K+-channel inhibitors tested, apamin (0.1 mumol l-1) and procaine (5 mmol l-1) did not modify the relaxant action of nicorandil. In contrast, tetraethylammonium (TEA, 8 mmol l-1) caused five fold antagonism. Trachealis exposed to K+-rich (120 mmol l-1) Krebs solution developed near-maximal tension. Nicorandil relaxed the K+-depolarized tissue though its concentration-effect curve was shifted markedly to the right. In tissues in which tone was induced by histamine, methylene blue (100 mumol l-1) antagonized nicorandil and sodium nitroprusside but did not modify the relaxant action of aminophylline. Intracellular electrophysiological recording showed that nicorandil (1 mumol l-1) could evoke some relaxation in the absence of electrical changes. Higher concentrations (10-1000 mumol l-1) reduced the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous electrical slow waves. Nicorandil also caused concentration-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation. When the hyperpolarization was sufficiently pronounced slow wave activity was abolished. TEA (8 mmol l-1) induced slow waves which were surmounted by a spike potential. TEA slightly reduced the maximal hyperpolarization induced by nicorandil and increased the time required for nicorandil to abolish slow wave discharge. Procaine (5 mmol l-1) induced slow waves of relatively low frequency. Sometimes these were surmounted by a spike potential Procaine markedly reduced the hyperpolarization induced by nicorandil and increased the time required for abolition of slow waves. In studies of the efflux of 86Rb+ from muscle-rich strips of trachea, nicorandil (1000 mumol l-1) increased the efflux rate constant, whereas isoprenaline (1 mumol l-1) was without effect. It is concluded that nicorandil-induced relaxation does not involve the activation of beta-adrenoceptors but is partly attributable to the formation of nitric oxide from the nitrate moiety in its molecular structure. Nicorandil can evoke relaxation in the absence of membrane potential change but towards the upper end of its effective concentration range, nicorandil increases membrane K+ conductance and thereby evokes hyperpolarization of trachealis cells. The K+ channels opened by nicorandil are permeable to 86Rb, insensitive to apamin and TEA but may be inhibited by procaine.
QoS protection for IEEE 802.11E in WLAN with shared EDCA and DCF access. (2006)

The next deployments of IEEE 802.11 WLAN will involve the coexistence of the legacy best effort stations and the new recently standardised QoS-aware stations in QoS Basic Service Set (QBSS). However, if no control is applied to the legacy stations, this coexistence may deteriorate QoS support provided by the new IEEE 802.11e standard. In this paper the influence of IEEE 802.11b DCF stations on the QoS provision in IEEE 802.11e standard is analysed and a novel mechanism for resource reservation for IEEE 802.11e EDCA stations is proposed.
SOFIA observations of S106: dynamics of the warm gas (2012)

Context. The H II region/PDR/molecular cloud complex S106 is excited by a single O-star. The full extent of the warm and dense gas close to the star has not been mapped in spectrally resolved high-J CO or [C II] lines, so the kinematics of the warm, partially ionized gas, are unknown. Whether the prominent dark lane bisecting the hourglass-shaped nebula is due solely to the shadow cast by a small disk around the exciting star or also to extinction in high column foreground gas was an open question until now.
Smart Sensors for Smart Hands (1978)

Proximity, force-torque, touch and slippage sensors developed or applied by the JPL Teleoperator Project for remote manipulator control are described, including sensor data handling by computers for display and control. Examples are quoted showing the significance of these sensors for manual or computer control of manipulators. An interesting example is a proximity sensor system implemented for a four-claw JSC end effector and tested at the Shuttle Manipulator Training Facility of JSC. New sensing concepts aimed at simplifying the implementation of 'Smart Sensors for Smart Hands' in the space environment are discussed.
An architecture for a self‐improving instructional planner for intelligent tutoring systems (1987)

Machine instructional planners use changing and uncertain data to incrementally configure plans and control the execution and dynamic refinement of these plans. Current instructional planners cannot adequately plan, replan, and monitor the delivery of instruction. This is due in part to the fact that current instructional planners are incapable of planning in a global context, developing competing plans in parallel, monitoring their planning behavior, and dynamically adapting their control behavior. In response to these and other deficiencies of instructional planners a generic system architecture based on the blackboard model was implemented. This self‐improving instructional planner (SUP) dynamically creates instructional plans, requests execution of these plans, replans, and improves its planning behavior based on a student's responses to tutoring. Global planning was facilitated by explicitly representing decisions about past, current, and future plans on a global data structure called the plan blackboard. Planning in multiple worlds is facilitated by labeling plan decisions by the context in which they were generated. Plan monitoring was implemented as a set of monitoring knowledge sources. The flexible control capability for instructional planner was adapted from the blackboard architecture BB1. The explicit control structure of SUP enabled complex and flexible planning behavior while maintaining a simple planning architecture.
Tenue à la corrosion de structures assemblées par déformation à froid (2017)

De nos jours, la galvanisation continue par immersion à chaud est largement utilisée dans les structures métalliques pour protéger les aciers contre la corrosion. Le zinc offre une barrière protectrice grâce à la formation d'un oxyde de surface et d'un effet de protection sacrificielle. Cependant, les procédés de fabrication de la structure ou les assemblages mécaniques par déformation plastique peuvent créer des dommages affectant les performances de corrosion du revêtement.L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier la durabilité, en environnement agressif, par des essais d’immersion et en enceinte climatique, de revêtements galvanisés déformés à la suite d’une mise en forme. Trois revêtements différents ont été choisis. Un revêtement de zinc utilisé comme référence, un revêtement Zn-Al-Mg dans lequel l’ajout de magnésium et d’aluminium permet une meilleure tenue à la corrosion et enfin un revêtement Zn-55Al choisi pour sa très bonne durabilité en environnement agressif en raison de la quantité importante d’aluminium présente dans sa composition.
Robustness of Optical Response for Self‐Assembled Plasmonic Metamaterials with Morphological Disorder and Surface Roughness (2020)

Abstract Bottom‐up fabrication of metallized biotemplated nanostructures to form specific plasmonic nanoresonators holds promise as a means of achieving large‐scale optical metamaterials. However, in contrast to top‐down methods, the stochastic growth of self‐assembled nanoresonators is prone to significant disorder and surface roughness, which naturally raise an important question about the robustness of their resonant properties in terms of structural imperfections. An aggregated‐random‐sphere model is developed to mimic the nucleated growth of metallized DNA origami assembly, leading to meta‐atoms with realistic, experimentally observed morphological disorder and surface roughness. Using the well‐known split‐ring‐resonator (SRR) motif as an example, the resonant properties of meta‐atoms under different levels of roughness are investigated and a strong tolerance of optical response against morphological disorder is revealed. It is found that in SRRs, even with dramatic roughness introduced, the expected resonances are still observed, despite broadening line shapes compared to ideal smooth structure. Only for extreme disorder, which causes drastic segmentation of SRRs, does the resonant response disappear. The demonstrations are very encouraging for the prospects of bottom‐up fabrication toward versatile functional metamaterials and metadevices.
Dynamics of Nuclear DNA Quantities during Zygote Development in Barley. (1995)

Quantities of DNA were estimated in the nuclei of mechanically isolated egg and zygote protoplasts in two cultivars of barley using 4[prime],6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and microfluorometry. Unlike many previous studies on DNA amounts within the sex cells of flowering plants, we obtained consistent and unambiguous results indicating that the egg and sperm nuclei are at the 1C DNA level (basic haploid amount) at the time of karyogamy. Karyogamy was initiated within 60 min postpollination, and the male chromatin became completely integrated into the egg nucleus within 6 to 7 hr postpollination (hpp). Zygotic nuclear DNA levels began to increase at ~9 to 12 hpp in cultivar Alexis and at 12 to 15 hpp in cultivar Igri. The 4C DNA complement was reached in most zygotes by 22 to 26 hpp in cultivar Alexis and by 23 to 29 hpp in cultivar Igri. These data are fundamental to a better understanding of fertilization and zygote maturation in flowering plants. They are also relevant to studies in which the timing of zygotic DNA replication is of interest, such as ongoing investigations on genetic transformations in barley using the microinjection technique.
Dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of sonicated DNA above 40 MHz (1984)

Abstract The dielectric properties of sonicated calf‐thymus DNA sodium salt in aqueous solutions have been studied in the frequency range from 40 MHz to 2 GHz by time domain spectroscopy (TDS). A dielectric dispersion not previously reported was found, which has a characteristic frequency of about 150 MHz. All of the dielectric parameters are insensitive to the size of DNA fragments and to helix‐to‐coil transitions. The study of this dispersion as a function of DNA concentration and temperature allows us to conclude that it may be due to counterion fluctuation on short sections, probably in a direction transverse to the macromolecular axis.
Enhancement of extraplastidic oil synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a type‐2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase with a phosphorus starvation–inducible promoter (2014)

When cultivated under stress conditions, many plants and algae accumulate oil. The unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates neutral lipids (triacylglycerols; TAGs) during nutrient stress conditions. Temporal changes in TAG levels in nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-starved cells were examined to compare the effects of nutrient depletion on TAG accumulation in C. reinhardtii. TAG accumulation and fatty acid composition were substantially changed depending on the cultivation stage before nutrient starvation. Profiles of TAG accumulation also differed between N and P starvation. Logarithmic-growth-phase cells diluted into fresh medium showed substantial TAG accumulation with both N and P deprivation. N deprivation induced formation of oil droplets concomitant with the breakdown of thylakoid membranes. In contrast, P deprivation substantially induced accumulation of oil droplets in the cytosol and maintaining thylakoid membranes. As a consequence, P limitation accumulated more TAG both per cell and per culture medium under these conditions. To enhance oil accumulation under P deprivation, we constructed a P deprivation-dependent overexpressor of a Chlamydomonas type-2 diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase (DGTT4) using a sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 2 (SQD2) promoter, which was up-regulated during P starvation. The transformant strongly enhanced TAG accumulation with a slight increase in 18 : 1 content, which is a preferred substrate of DGTT4. These results demonstrated enhanced TAG accumulation using a P starvation-inducible promoter.
Influence of Side Chain Position on the Electrical Properties of Organic Solar Cells Based on Dithienylbenzothiadiazole-alt-phenylene Conjugated Polymers (2015)

Seven conjugated copolymers, based on dithienylbenzothiadiazole and benzene, have been synthesized with side chains placed in different position along the conjugated backbone. An additional polymer with a small modification of the investigated backbone was also included in the study. Alkoxy and alkyl side chains were considered, depending on the aromatic ring they were anchored to. Our goal was to perform an extensive study, by evaluating the possible anchoring positions of the same backbone, in order to demonstrate the huge influence of the position of side chains on a well performing polymer backbone for polymer solar cells. All the polymers were roll slot die coated under ambient conditions on flexible ITO-free plastic substrates to give inverted polymer solar cell devices with an upscaled active area of 1 cm2. The best characteristics were found for the polymer carrying alkoxy side chains on the benzene ring where power conversion efficiencies of up to 3.6% were achieved. All studied materials were prepared with an objective of low-cost starting materials, simple synthesis, and simple processing conditions which was most successful for the polymer P5. The polymer P7 containing fluorine atoms showed excellent performance under constant illumination and high temperature (exhibiting stable photovoltaic properties even after 670 h under conditions similar to ISOS-L-2 lifetime protocol). This makes P7 a good candidate for further upscaling and device optimization. The photovoltaic performance results were corroborated with full optical and morphological characterization of the conjugated polymers. We conclude that the determination of the best anchoring position for the side chains is the most rational starting point for the optimization of a polymer with a potential for large-scale fabrication of polymer solar cells.
A Catalyst‐Specific, Stereocontrolled Ring‐Closing Metathesis (1996)

The catalyst decides whether the syn or anti product is formed! In the cyclization of 1, the ring-closing metathesis of two double bonds that are located at a chiral and a prochiral center leads to the α,α′-disubstituted pyrrolidine derivative 2 with viable diastereoselectivity. Tfa = trifluoroacetyl, [Ru] and [Mo] = Ru- and Mo-carbene complexes, respectively.
An Investigation of Suitable Timing for a Vision-Based Rearward Approaching Vehicle NotificationSystem (2013)

Systems for detecting and notifying drivers of vehicles in adjacent lanes have attracted considerable interest as a means of reducing driver workload which tends to increase when changing lanes. This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the relationship between the timing for issuing a notification about a vehicle detected in an adjacent lane and the related effect on drivers’ trust in the system. The purpose of this study is to improve the perceived effect and value of such notification systems. Subjective evaluations were conducted using an experimental vehicle and a vehicle detection method employing a rear-mounted camera. Based on the evaluation results obtained, an investigation was made of a suitable timing for a system that notifies drivers about a rearward approaching vehicle when changing lanes.
Reduction of Feedback Overload by Exploiting Adaptive Channel in OFDMA systems (2007)

In channel adaptive OFDM A systems, it is important to feed back channel information in a fast, accurate and efficient way to improve the system performance. However, base station requires a large amount of feedback information of channel state information (CSI) in the adaptive channel. In order to reduce the overload of CSI feedback, we propose a feedback scheme which only selects the users scheduled in the next time slot to feed back the channel information according to user mobility. We use adaptive modulation to apply bit rate adaptation depending on user channel condition, where the scheduling time is fixed. By fixing the packet size, scheduling time and feedback period can be fit to different time slots according to user transmission rate. We demonstrate by computer simulation that the proposed scheme can reduce the overload of user feedback with the minimum suppression of the throughput degradation.
Low threshold current 1.3 µm InAsP QW ACISlasers (1998)

A very low threshold current of 3.0 mA and a stable transverse mode operation of &gt; 30 mW were achieved in 1.3 µm InAsP strained-layer quantum well Al-oxide confined inner stripe (ACIS) lasers. Strain-compensated AlAs/InP/AlInAs super-lattice layers, grown on InP substrate using gas source-MBE, are used for oxidation.
Quantitative phase retrieval with low photon counts using an energy resolving quantum detector (2020)

X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) combined with phase retrieval has the potential to improve soft-material visibility and discrimination. This work examined the accuracy, image quality gains, and robustness of a spectral phase retrieval method proposed by our group. Spectroscopic PCI measurements of a physical phantom were obtained using state-of-the-art photon-counting detectors in combination with a polychromatic x-ray source. The phantom consisted of four poorly attenuating materials. Excellent accuracy was demonstrated in simultaneously retrieving the complete refractive properties (photoelectric absorption, attenuation, and phase) of these materials. Approximately 10 times higher SNR was achieved in retrieved images compared to the original PCI intensity image. These gains are also shown to be robust against increasing quantum noise, even for acquisition times as low as 1 s with a low-flux microfocus x-ray tube (average counts of 250 photons/pixels). We expect that this spectral phase retrieval method, adaptable to several PCI geometries, will allow significant dose reduction and improved material discrimination in clinical and industrial x-ray imaging applications.
Development and Experience With a Supercharged Steam-Generating System (1967)

This paper describes the supercharged steam-generating cycle as currently employed in the U. S. Navy. In this cycle gas pressure in the boiler varies with load to a design peak of five atmospheres. The boiler receives its air for combustion from an air compressor which is powered by boiler exhaust gases expanding through a gas turbine. A historical background of the cycle and its components follows. Since a number of systems of the supercharged type have been and are being subjected to test at the Naval Boiler and Turbine Laboratory, the components of the systems, with particular emphasis on the boilers, are described. Advantages and disadvantages of the system are detailed and evaluated. The conclusion is that advantages are significant and that suspected problems or disadvantages do not need to exist if it is understood that the supercharged steam generator is regarded as not just another boiler, but rather as a precision piece of equipment. The test program at the Naval Boiler and Turbine Laboratory is defined as to scope and objectives. Test results are discussed and modifications required as a result of tests are described. Finally, there is a short review of shipboard operating experience to the present time. A major point developed is that the introduction of a new type boiler to the Navy's Fleet required an RDT&amp;E effort, a full-scale test program, a new appreciation of the art of boiler design and manufacture, and a realistic and well-defined training program, plus the development of new ancillary equipment. The most important of the other equipments required is, of course, a compact and reliable supercharger set (air compressor and gas turbine) to provide air for combustion. The successful design of a compact supercharger set is the key to the use of the supercharged steam cycle.
Chemical constituents from the leaves of Psidium guajava (2004)

Five constituents including one new pentacyclic triterpenoid guajanoic acid (1) and four known compounds beta-sitosterol (2), uvaol (3), oleanolic acid (4), and ursolic acid (5) have been isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava. The new constituent 1 has been characterized as 3beta-p-E-coumaroyloxy-2alpha-methoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid through 2D NMR techniques and chemical transformations. This is the first report of isolation of compound 3 from the genus Psidium.
Development of Two-photon excitation time-resolved photoluminescence microscopy for lifetime and defect imaging in thin film photovoltaic materials and devices (2015)

Two-photon excitation time resolved photoluminescence (2PE TRPL) is a powerful photovoltaic material analysis technique. It provides a rapid, contactless, and nondestructive method of determining semiconductor parameters such as surface and bulk carrier lifetime, which are indicative of overall device performance. We present a novel 2PE TRPL microscopy system of high spatial and temporal resolution, capable of detailed 3D analysis for PL emission intensity and minority carrier lifetime. Initial data shows PL intensity, lifetime, and diffusion length imaging in polycrystalline CdTe and indicates variations of diffusion coefficient and bulk lifetime in a polycrystalline CdTe sample.
Evaluation of Power Generation Characteristics of La-doped PZT Element (2019)

The development of micro power supply technologies for mobile phones and portable electronics has increased in recent years. Methods of self power generation using the vibration loads of structures have attracted attention as the power supply technologies. The purpose of the study is to develop a high- efficiency PZT generator element that utilizes the vibration loads in the support members of a structure. However, piezoelectric elements only generate power in the order of several microwatts, so improving their power generation capacity is of the utmost importance.
Ultrastructural and Microanalytical Study of a Subcutaneous Granuloma HPV Tetravalent Vaccine Induced: A Case Report and Review of Literature (2013)

We report the case of an eighteen years old woman who developed a subcutaneous nodular lesion localized on her right upper arm. Conventional histological examination revealed a lesion characterized by a necrotic center surrounded by palisading epithelioid histiocytes embedded into the fibroadipous and skeletal muscle tissue. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the histological observations in terms of cellular composition of the granuloma. The ultrastructural microanalysis shed light on the elemental composition of the examined granulomatous formation since it clearly detected metallic deposits with an emission pick at EDX for aluminum within the hystocites’s granules. Our results support previous published data on the reactive nature of granulomatous reaction at the site of vaccine. The presence of aluminum inside the cytoplasm of macrophages proved by microanalysis gives strength to the etiopatogenic hypothesis of the granuloma formation. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1193w