gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of enteric viruses among hospital patients with AIDS in Kinshasa, Zaire (1993)

Diarrhoea is the most common manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa. Numerous parasitic or bacterial agents have been implicated, but a pathogen-specific aetiology has not been found. Enteric viruses (i.e., rotavirus, small round structured viruses, coronavirus, and adenovirus) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or electron microscopy in faecal specimens of 17% of 198 consecutive adult admissions to a general medical ward of an urban hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Overall, 57% of patients were seropositive for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1; of these, 50% were classified as World Health Organization AIDS stage IV. The prevalence of enteric viruses in stool specimens did not differ significantly between patients with and without HIV infection, and was not associated with acute or chronic diarrhoea, or constitutional symptoms. However, a trend (P = 0.14) towards greater frequency of virus in stools from patients in the lower 3 quintiles of the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio was seen. This trend approached statistical significance (P = 0.07) with stratification by HIV infection. Although we found no evidence in this population to support a major pathogenic role for these viruses alone in the enteropathy of AIDS, increased viral shedding was weakly associated with immunodeficiency.
Evaluating the sensitivity of the optimization of acquisition geometry to the choice of reconstruction algorithm in digital breast tomosynthesis through a simulation study (2015)

Due to the limited number of views and limited angular span in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), the acquisition geometry design is an important factor that affects the image quality. Therefore, intensive studies have been conducted regarding the optimization of the acquisition geometry. However, different reconstruction algorithms were used in most of the reported studies. Because each type of reconstruction algorithm can provide images with its own image resolution, noise properties and artifact appearance, it is unclear whether the optimal geometries concluded for the DBT system in one study can be generalized to the DBT systems with a reconstruction algorithm different to the one applied in that study. Hence, we investigated the effect of the reconstruction algorithm on the optimization of acquisition geometry parameters through carefully designed simulation studies. Our results show that using various reconstruction algorithms, including the filtered back-projection, the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique, the maximum-likelihood method and the total-variation regularized least-square method, gave similar performance trends for the acquisition parameters for detecting lesions. The consistency of system ranking indicates that the choice of the reconstruction algorithm may not be critical for DBT system geometry optimization.
Pituitary Adenoma Presenting as Facial Pain (1982)

Two cases of pituitary tumor presenting as facial pain are reported. The first patient presented with Raeder's syndrome and subsequently developed a partial 3rd nerve palsy. The second patient complained of tic douloureux with no localizing neurological deficit. The pertinent literature concerning pituitary tumors presenting as facial pain is reviewed, and the differentiation of idiopathic facial pain from facial pain associated with mass lesions is discussed. (Neurosurgery 10:742-745, 1982)
Probiotics and Prebiotics as Dietary Supplements for the Adjunctive Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2023)

In modern lifestyles, high-fat diets and prolonged inactivity lead to more people developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Based on the modern pathogenesis of T2D, food, and its components have become one of the top concerns for patients. Recent studies have found that dysbiosis and gut-related inflammation are more common in T2D patients. Probiotics and prebiotics play complementary roles in the gut as dietary supplements. Together, they may help improve dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in people with T2D, increase the production of blood glucose-lowering hormones such as incretin, and help reduce insulin resistance and lower blood glucose. Therefore, changing the dietary structure and increasing the intake of probiotics and prebiotics is expected to become a new strategy for the adjuvant treatment of T2D.
Factors influencing the vernalization response and flowering time of late flowering mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh. (1994)

The late flowering mutants of Arabidopsis thallana provide an excellent system to investigate the factors controlling fioral Induction and the vernalization response. Previous studies with these mutants have analysed their response to the duration of vernalization, and growth in different light conditions. Here, we examined the effect of plant age on the vernalization response and the influence of different light conditions during the vernalization treatment. Wild type Landsberg erecta (Ler) and lines carrying the fca (classified as vernalization responsive, daylength responsive) or co (classified as daylength insensitive, vernalization insensitive) mutations were analysed. The response to vernalization at different plant ages was qualitatively the same for Ler, fca, and co, but differed in degree and timing. In Ler, fca and co vernalization was more effective in darkness than in short days (SD) or continuous light. The series of late flowering mutants were used to examine the effects of a number of compounds previously shown to influence flowering. Gibberellin A3 and 5-bromodeoxyuridine accelerated flowering for all the mutants analysed, and were additive to a vernalization treatment for fca. The fca mutant responded to the same range of gibberellins as Ler, but to a greater degree. Choline chloride delayed flowering, but this effect was reversed by vernalization in most of the vernalization-responsive mutants. None of the mutants showed a specific loss of response to any particular compound.
Application of Modified PageRank Algorithm for Anomaly Detection in Movements of Older Adults (2019)

It is a well-known statistic that the percentage of our older adult population will globally surpass the other age groups. A majority of the elderly would still prefer to keep an active life style. In support of this life style, various monitoring systems are being designed and deployed to have a seamless integration with the daily living activities of the older adults while preserving various levels of their privacy. Motion tracking is one of these health monitoring systems. When properly designed, deployed, integrated, and analyzed, they can be used to assist in determining some onsets of anomalies in the health of elderly at various levels of their Movements and Activities of Daily Living (MADL). This paper explores how the framework of the PageRank algorithm can be extended for monitoring the global movement patterns of older adults at their place of residence. Through utilization of an existing dataset, the paper shows how the movement patterns between various rooms can be represented as a directed graph with weighted edges. To demonstrate how PageRank can be utilized, a base graph representing a normal pattern can be defined as what can be used for further anomaly detection (e.g., at some instances of observation the measured movement pattern deviates from what is previously defined as a normal pattern). It is shown how the PageRank algorithm can detect simulated change in the pattern of motion when compared with the base-line normal pattern. This feature can offer a practical approach for detecting anomalies in movement patterns associated with older adults in their own place of residence and in support of aging in place paradigm.
Coaxial Electrospray Formulations for Improving Oral Absorption of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug (2011)

Development of oral dosage forms containing poorly water-soluble drugs is a major challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper describes the use of coaxial electrospray deposition as a promising formulation technology for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. The technology produced core-shell particles composed of griseofulvin and poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (Eudragit L-100), with a diameter of around 1 μm. The drug phase was in an amorphous state when the griseofulvin core was coated with the Eudragit L-100 shell. The in vitro dissolution and in vivo oral absorption studies revealed that the core-shell formulation significantly improved dissolution and absorption behaviors, presumably because of a reduction in particle size, improvement in dispersity, and amorphization. Results demonstrated that coaxial electrospray deposition possesses great potential as novel formulation technology for enhancing oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Human recombinant anti-thyroperoxidase autoantibodies: in vitro cytotoxic activity on papillary thyroid cancer expressing TPO (2010)

These data indicate that anti-TPO aAbs display moderate ADCC and anti-proliferative activities on NPA cells; IgG glycosylation appears to be important for cytotoxic activity and ADCC efficiency depends on FcgammaR-bearing cells. Finally, recombinant human anti-TPO aAbs cannot yet be considered as an optimal tool for the development of a novel therapeutic approach for thyroid cancer.
Real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing with a new subaperture approach (1992)

A time-domain subaperture approach that is suitable for real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing and that produces high-quality, full-resolution images is presented. The real-time subaperture algorithm is based on an approximation of the phase history correction in each subaperture with a simple linear correction, which can be carried out by an up/down-conversion of the received signal followed by a moving average operation. The characteristics of the impulse response function are improved considerably by means of a frequency overlap of the subapertures and become comparable to a conventional matched filter response. Special algorithms for high-quality SAR processing, such as autofocus, Doppler centroid estimation, and range migration correction, can be efficiently implemented. High flexibility is achieved for multilook processing and no secondary range compression is needed, even for high squint angles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transaction processing in multilevel-secure databases using replicated architecture (1990)

In a multilevel secure database management system based on the replicated architecture, there is a separate database management system to manage data at or below each security level, and lower-level data are replicated in all databases containing higher-level data. The issue of transaction processing in such a system is addressed. A synchronization protocol is given that guarantees one-copy serializability of concurrent transaction executions. It is secure since the information always flows in one direction-from databases at lower security classes to databases with higher security classes-and it can be implemented in such a way that the size of the trusted code (including the code required for concurrency and recovery) is small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DREADD Activation of Leptin Receptor Positive Neurons in The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract During Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese Mice (2021)

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is periodic obstruction of the upper airway during sleep leading to intermittent hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and sleep fragmentation. OSA is highly prevalent, particularly in obesity. It leads to high neurocognitive and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms alleviating OSA remain unknown. Previous studies have documented the role of leptin, an adipose tissue produced hormone, as a potent respiratory stimulant. A long functional isoform of leptin receptor, LepR b , was detected widely in the brain, especially in cell bodies within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), an important region of the brainstem that processes afferent visceral information and controls breathing. We hypothesized that leptin acts on LepR b + neurons in the NTS to increase ventilation and maintain upper airway patency during sleep in obese mice. Methods We selectively expressed AAV8‐hSyn‐hM3(Gq)‐mCherry into the NTS in LepR b ‐Cre‐GFP diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice (fed with a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks) and examined the effect of DREADD ligand, J60, on genioglossus activity and breathing during sleep. Results J60 did not stimulate breathing or upper airway in comparison with saline in obese mice during NREM and REM sleep. Conclusion We conclude that the mechanisms alleviating OSA in DIO mice are independent of LepR b + neurons in the NTS.
Lymphocyte Function and Molecular Mechanisms of Enhanced Immune Reconstitution Following Sex Steroid Ablation and Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). (2004)

Abstract Age-related thymic atrophy plays a significant role in delayed immune reconstitution in older recipients after hemopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT). Sex steroid ablation has been shown to reverse thymic atrophy and previously we have shown that in syngeneic and allogeneic models of HSCT, sex steroid ablation enhances immune reconstitution. Donor-derived HSC numbers, as well as precursor T and B cells are increased in castrated mice following HSCT. These primary changes lead to an increase in both T and B cells in the periphery. The current study examined both the molecular mechanisms behind this enhanced reconstitution and the function of the lymphocytes produced. Bone marrow (BM) and thymic stromal cell (TSCs) populations were analysed using RT-PCR and were tested for the production of growth factors previously implicated in immune reconstitution. Functional studies including proliferation and cytotoxicity assays and intracellular cytokine production showed that on a per cell basis, there was no difference between the T cells from castrated and sham-castrated mice, following allogeneic HSCT. In vivo immune function was assessed using a delayed type hypersensitivity assay. Six weeks after HSCT the DTH response was enhanced in the castrated mice compared to sham-castrated controls. The combination of a) the increased number of donor-derived lymphocytes and b) intact T cell function, result in an overall increase in immune response (as determined by DTH) in castrated recipients of allogeneic HSCT. This enhanced function may be related to changes seen in growth factor production in the thymus and bone marrow.
Dynamical Event-Triggered Consensus Control for Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems (2017)

In this paper, the consensus problem of second-order multi-agent systems is investigated. Distributed static event-triggered control and dynamic event-triggered control are developed for the agents to reduce the frequency of actuator updating thus save the onboard energy and communication bandwidth. We have proved that all agents can achieve consensus with the proposed controllers by using the Lyapunov method. The results of simulation show that the controllers can effectively drive the agents to be agreement.
Electrically enhanced osteogenesis at various metal cathodes (1982)

Electrode-induced bone formation was studied at six different metallic cathode materials in the rabbit medullary canal. Direct cathodic currents of 0.02 and 0.2 microA/mm2 were applied for 21 days. Quantitative differences in new bone growth were found. Platinum, cobalt-chrome (F-90) and silver had more bone relative to controls at the lower geometric current density, while stainless steel (316L) and titanium cathodes were more effective at the higher current. On average, there was a significant increase (46-48%) in new bone formation at active versus control implants for either current level. No corresponding difference in the number of vascular channels were observed in the 21 day specimens. Metal-specific differences in bone formation at control implants were also found, with platinum being most stimulatory. These observations are consistent with an interfacial electrochemical mechanism for electrode stimulated osteogenesis, which perhaps acts in concert with purely electrical and mechanical forces.
NG2 + /Nestin + mesenchymal stem cells dictate DTC dormancy in the bone marrow through TGFβ2 (2020)

In the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, NG2 + /Nestin + mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence 1,2 . Importantly, the BM can also harbour disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) from multiple cancers, which, like HSCs, can remain dormant 3 . The BM signals are so growth-restrictive that dormant BM DTCs can persist for years to decades only to awaken and fuel lethal metastasis 3–10 . The mechanisms and niche components regulating DTC dormancy remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal that periarteriolar BM-resident NG2 + /Nestin + MSCs can instruct breast cancer (BC) DTCs to enter dormancy. NG2 + /Nestin + MSCs produce TGFβ2 and BMP7 and activate a quiescence pathway dependent on TGFBRIII and BMPRII, which via p38-kinase result in p27-CDK inhibitor induction. Importantly, genetic depletion of the NG2 + /Nestin + MSCs or conditional knock-out of TGFβ2 in the NG2 + /Nestin + MSCs led to awakening and bone metastatic expansion of otherwise dormant p27 + /Ki67 − DTCs. Our results provide a direct proof that HSC dormancy niches control BC DTC dormancy. Given that aged NG2 + /Nestin + MSCs can lose homeostatic control of HSC dormancy, our results suggest that aging or extrinsic factors that affect the NG2 + /Nestin + MSC niche may result in a break from dormancy and BC bone relapse.
Phenylacetylene carbonylation catalysed by Pd(II) and Rh(III) intercalated in zirconium phosphates (2000)

Palladium(II) and rhodium(III) ions, or palladium(II) complexes (Pd-L) with bidentate N-donor ligands such as 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), intercalated in the layers of zirconium hydrogen phosphate, in α or γ phases (α- or γ-ZrP), catalyze both single ­and double methoxo-carbonylation of phenylacetylene. The monocarbonylation products, PhC(COOCH3)CH2 (1) and its regio isomer PhCHCH(COOCH3) (2) are obtained when phenylacetylene reacts, in methanol, under CO pressure (1–4 MPa), at temperatures of 80–130 °C. When the reaction is carried out under oxidative conditions using a CO/O2 mixture, double-carbonylation products are obtained as well as monofunctionalized phenylacetylene. The double-carbonylation product PhC­(COOCH3)CH(COOCH3) (3) and the corresponding anhydride PhCCO(O)CHCO (4) ­are obtained when the process is carried out with a CO/O2 mixture under pressure (2–4 MPa; pO2 = 0.8 MPa) at 60–100 °C, using methanol or acetonitrile as solvent. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of tertiary amines such as NEt3 or NPh3, under mild pressure conditions (0.4–0.7 MPa) at 60–90 °C, the triple bond remains unchanged and the monocarboxylate PhC≡CCOOCH3 (5) is isolated. Compound 5 is also prepared in a neutral medium when γ-Zr–Rh3+ is used as catalyst. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols Using an Immobilized Oxovanadium Catalyst (2021)

Abstract Direct nucleophilic substitution of alcohols with thiols or carbon nucleophiles was achieved using a mesoporous silica‐supported oxovanadium catalyst (VMPS4). Benzyl and allyl alcohols were compatible in this reaction under mild conditions, affording the products in high yields. The VMPS4 catalyst showed excellent chemoselectivity toward alcohols in the presence of acid‐labile functional groups, which is in contrast to that observed for the commonly used Lewis acid catalysts, which exhibit poor selectivity. The VMPS4 catalyst could be recycled by simple centrifugation, and the catalytic activity was maintained over seven cycles.
Anwendung der Deformation-basierten Morphometrie auf die zerebrale FDG-PET: Nachweis AD-kompatibler Atrophiemuster bei Patienten mit kognitiven Einschränkungen und Amyloid-Pathologie (2020)

Ziel/Aim Die Deformation-basierte Morphometrie (DBM) ist eine effektive Methode, um anatomische Unterschiede (z.B. mittels MRT) z.B. zwischen Patienten und einer Vergleichsgruppe aufzudecken. Die digitale PET-Detektortechnologie ermöglicht hochauflösende FDG-PET-Untersuchungen des Gehirns in der klinischen Routine. In der vorliegenden Studie wird die Möglichkeit der Anwendung der DBM auf die FDG-PET untersucht.
Elasticity Imaging via MRI: Basics, Overcoming the Waveguide Limit, and Clinical Liver Results (2012)

Elasticity imaging is a rather recent non-invasive imaging modality which provides in-vivo data about the viscoelastic properties of tissue. With manual palpation being an integral part of many diagnostic procedures, it is obvious that elasticity imaging has many interesting and promising potentials in medical imaging, i.e. from tissue/lesion characterization over therapy follow-up to guidance during interventions which involve ablation. The general concept of this method is to displace the material mechanically and infer from displacement measurements the intrinsic local viscoelastic properties. Many different technical realizations exist (static, dynamic, transient) utilizing different imaging modalities (MRI, ultrasound) which all probe different frequency domains. Since viscoelastic properties of tissue change strongly with frequency, care must be taken when interpreting the data in terms of elastic and viscous component. In this review we will focus on the dynamic 3D approach via MRI, i.e. a mono-frequent mechanical excitation and a volumetric assessment of the displacement field. This allows overcoming several physical difficulties: firstly compressional waves can be properly suppressed via the application of the curl-operator, secondly waveguide effects are eliminated and finally the calculation of the complex shear modulus does not necessitate any assumption of the underlying rheological model. Clinical results on a large patient collective show that mechanical parameters are very pertinent for the differentiation between low-grade and mid/high-grade liver fibrosis. They outperform the well establish classical APRI blood test as well as a 1D ultrasound-based approach for elasticity imaging. Keywords: MR-elastography, Lamb waves, waveguide limit, liver fibrosis
Precision protein assays on compartmentalized biosensor arrays (2015)

A biological measurement microsystem enables precision protein assays by compartmentalization of biosensors in a sensor array. Using a PDMS microfluidic interface on an 8 by 8 Giant Magnetoresistive sensor array, this compartmentalization technique performs all required measurements, including biological references, on a single sensor chip alongside the actual sample(s) to be measured. All data is acquired simultaneously on a single chip, circumventing a range of possible errors currently present in sequential biosensor measurement approaches. With our approach, we achieve a low concentration estimation error of 11%. Additionally this compartmentalization technique enables high throughput measurements using multiple samples on a single chip with a large-scale array of solid-state sensors.