gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Subpixel Target Detection Algorithms in Hyperspectral Imagery (2012)

Our goal in this work is to demonstrate that detectors behave differently for different images and targets and to propose a novel approach to proper detector selection. To choose the algorithm, we analyze image statistics, the target signature, and the target′s physical size, but we do not need any type of ground truth. We demonstrate our ability to evaluate detectors and find the best settings for their free parameters by comparing our results using the following stochastic algorithms for target detection: the constrained energy minimization (CEM), generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) algorithms. We test our concepts by using the dataset and scoring methodology of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) Target Detection Blind Test project. The results show that our concept correctly ranks algorithms for the particular images and targets including in the RIT dataset.
A Continuously Benchmarked and Crowdsourced Challenge for Rapid Development and Evaluation of Models to Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization (2021)

In this diagnostic and prognostic study, models submitted by citizen scientists achieved high performance for the prediction of COVID-19 testing and hospitalization outcomes. Evaluation of challenge models on demographic subgroups and prospective data revealed performance discrepancies, providing insights into the potential bias and limitations in the models.
Rapid Synthesis and Synaptic Insertion of GluR2 for mGluR-LTD in the Ventral Tegmental Area (2007)

The activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) leads to long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) at many synapses of the brain. The induction of mGluR-LTD is well characterized, whereas the mechanisms underlying its expression remain largely elusive. mGluR-LTD in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) efficiently reverses cocaine-induced strengthening of excitatory inputs onto dopamine neurons. We show that mGluR-LTD is expressed by an exchange of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors for GluR2-containing receptors with a lower single-channel conductance. The synaptic insertion of GluR2 depends on de novo protein synthesis via rapid messenger RNA translation of GluR2. Regulated synthesis of GluR2 in the VTA is therefore required to reverse cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity.
Patient Education Is Associated With Reduced Delay to Presentation for Management of Ischemic Priapism: A Retrospective Review of 123 Men (2021)

Educational initiatives on the risk of IP associated with particular disease states and medications should target at-risk individuals, as well as prescribers of medications associated with IP. Dutta1 R, Matz1 EL, Overholt TL, et al. Patient Education Is Associated With Reduced Delay to Presentation for Management of Ischemic Priapism: A Retrospective Review of 123 Men. J Sex Med 2021;18:385-390.
Are source and sink strengths genetically linked in maize plants subjected to water deficit? A QTL study of the responses of leaf growth and of Anthesis-Silking Interval to water deficit (2006)

Leaf growth and Anthesis-Silking Interval (ASI) are the main determinants of source and sink strengths of maize via their relations with light interception and yield, respectively. They depend on the abilities of leaves and silks to expand under fluctuating environmental conditions, so the possibility is raised that they may have a partly common genetic determinism. This possibility was tested in a mapping population which segregates for ASI. Maximum leaf elongation rate per unit thermal time (parameter a) and the slopes of its responses to evaporative demand and soil water status (parameters b and c) were measured in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments, in two series of 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) studied in 2004 and 2005 with 33 RILs in common both years. ASI was measured in three and five fields under well-watered conditions and water deficit, respectively. For each RIL, the maximum elongation rate per unit thermal time was reproducible over several experiments in well-watered plants. It was accounted for by five QTLs, among which three co-localized with QTLs of ASI of well-watered plants. The alleles conferring high leaf elongation rate conferred a low ASI (high silk elongation rate). The responses of leaf elongation rate to evaporative demand and to predawn leaf water potential were linear, allowing each RIL to be characterized by the slopes of these response curves. These slopes had three QTLs in common with ASI of plants under water deficit. The allele for leaf growth maintenance was, in all cases, that for shorter ASI (maintained silk elongation rate). By contrast, other regions influencing ASI had no influence on leaf growth. These results may have profound consequences for modelling the genotype x environment interaction and for designing drought-tolerant ideotypes.
Determining the relationship between hot flushes and LH pulses in menopausal women using mathematical modelling (2019)

Our data challenge the widely accepted dogma that HFs consistently synchronize with an LH pulse and therefore have clinically important therapeutic and mechanistic implications.
Suppression of channel shortening effect for InGaZnO Thin-Film-Transistor by In-Sn-O source/drain electrodes (2018)

Suppressing the channel shortening effect is a key to realize a short channel InGaZnO Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT). We investigated the lateral diffusion length L_{ext}} of low-resistivity region formed in InGaZnO quantitatively. The TFTs with In-Sn-O (ITO) electrode showed no change of L_{ext}}, even though the TFTs with Ti electrode showed the extension of L_{ext}} after high temperature annealing. We revealed that the suppression effect of channel shortening effect of ITO electrode, by using both of electrical characterization and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM) observation.
Low effort digital filters for fast sequence components separation of unbalanced and distorted three-phase signals (2010)

In this paper, two methods for determining fundamental-frequency and harmonic positive- and negative-sequence components of three-phase signals are investigated. Many aspects of the space vector discrete Fourier transform and generalized delayed signal cancelation such as computational burden and response time for different possible implementations, frequency adaptation schemes, stability of recursive implementation and rounding error effects are discussed. Simulations and experiments are presented in order to verify the performances and illustrate the theoretical conclusions.
Study of Parathion Biodegradation Using Gnotobiotic Techniques (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of Parathion Biodegradation Using Gnotobiotic TechniquesM Mackiewicz, K Deubert, H Gunner, and B ZuckermanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 1, 129–130Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online10 January 2005Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60161a616https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60161a616research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoacoustic ultrasound spectroscopy for assessing red blood cell aggregation and oxygenation (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and oxygenation are important markers for a variety of blood disorders. No current technique is capable of simultaneously measuring aggregation/oxygenation levels noninvasively. We propose using photoacoustic ultrasound spectroscopy (PAUS) for assessing both phenomena. This technique relies on frequency-domain analysis of the PA signals by extracting parameters such as the ultrasound spectral slope and the midband fit. To investigate the effect of hematocrit, aggregation, and oxygenation levels on PAUS parameters, a Monte Carlo-based theoretical model and an experimental protocol using porcine RBCs were developed. The samples were illuminated at 750 and 1064 nm and changes in the PAUS parameters were compared to the oxygen-dependent optical absorption coefficients to assess the oxygenation level. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental spectral parameters was obtained for the spectral slope of the nonaggregated spectra ( &lt;strong&gt;~ 0.3 dB / MHz&lt;/strong&gt;). The experimental midband fit increased by &lt;strong&gt;~ 5 dB&lt;/strong&gt; for the largest aggregate size. Based on the analysis of the PA signals, the oxygen saturation level of the most aggregated sample was &lt;strong&gt;&gt; 20%&lt;/strong&gt; greater than the nonaggregated sample. The results provide a framework for using PA signals' spectroscopic parameters for monitoring the aggregation and oxygenation levels of RBCs. &lt;/p&gt;
The relevance of in vitro anthelmintic screening tests employing the free-living stages of trichostrongylid nematodes (1984)

The response of the free-living stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Nematospiroides dubius, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia ostertagi to a wide variety of antiparasitic agents in vitro was investigated. All the major broad spectrum veterinary anthelmintics showed good activity against each of these worms with EC50 values varying from about 0.0002 mg/l for certain benzimidazoles and ivermectin to about 6.5 mg/l for febantel. Of 22 known narrow spectrum anthelmintics useful only against H. contortus and/or helminths other than trichostrongyles, only 10% showed good activity at concentrations equal to or less than 10.0 mg/l. Further, only one of 15 antiprotozoal agents showed good activity in these tests at the 10.0 mg/l level. The screening test employing free-living Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was selected for an extended trial where the evaluation of 1400 miscellaneous organic chemicals was undertaken. Approximately 10% of these showed activity at concentrations equal to or less than 10.0 mg/l. It is concluded that in vitro screening tests employing the free-living stages of these five genera of nematodes afford simple yet effective means for selecting relevant compounds for further evaluation as possible leads to new broad spectrum anthelmintics for use in ruminants. However, tests using the free-living stages of these worms, including H. contortus, are unsuitable for detecting narrow spectrum 'specifics', e.g., for the treatment of haemonchiasis.
[beta-thalassemia minor diagnosed in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia during hydroxyurea therapy]. (2000)

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of leukocytosis and microcytic anemia with hypochromia, target cells, and increased levels of hemoglobin A2 and hemoglobin F. The results of a gene analysis yielded a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and beta-thalassemia minor. A gradual increase in hemoglobin was observed during hydroxyurea therapy, which was performed over a 12-week period. This increment appeared to be due to suppressed production of myeloid cells. It was been reported that hydroxyurea increases total hemoglobin due to increased hemoglobin F synthesis in patients with beta-thalassemia. However, hydroxyurea had no clear influence on hemoglobin concentration in this case.
HDAC2 exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis progression via the IL‐17‐CCL7 signaling pathway (2023)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported to regulate the immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current study aimed to explore key HDACs and their molecular mechanism in RA. First, the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8 in RA synovial tissue was determined by qRT-PCR. The effects of HDAC2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in vitro were studied. Furthermore, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models were established to evaluate the severity of arthritis in joints, and the levels of inflammatory factors were examined by immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Transcriptome sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with HDAC2 silencing in the synovial tissue of CIA rat, and downstream signaling pathways were predicted by enrichment analysis. The results showed that HDAC2 was highly expressed in the synovial tissue of RA patients and CIA rats. Overexpressed HDAC2 promoted FLS proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited FLS apoptosis in vitro, resulting in secretion of inflammatory factors and RA exacerbation in vivo. There were 176 DEGs, including 57 downregulated and 119 upregulated genes, after silencing HDAC2 in CIA rats. DEGs were primarily enriched in Platinum drug resistance, IL-17 as well as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. CCL7, which was implicated in the IL-17 signaling pathway, was downregulated after HDAC2 silencing. Furthermore, CCL7 overexpression aggravated the development of RA, which was demonstrated to be effectively attenuated by HDAC2 suppression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HDAC2 exacerbated the progression of RA by regulating the IL-17-CCL7 signaling pathway, suggesting that HDAC2 may be a promising therapeutic target for RA treatment.
An Investigation of Systematic Errors in the Barotropic Forecasts (1958)

Forecast-errors in the 24- and 48-hour barotropic 500-mb prognostic charts prepared by JNWPU for the winter of 1957 were investigated. Certain large-scale forecast-errors were found to persist from day-to-day in fairly localized geographical areas. In general, the numerical prognoses exhibited a tendency to forecast excessively high values off the southeastern coasts and excessively low values off the northwestern coasts of the continents. Little forecast-error was observed in the continental interiors. A Fourier analysis revealed that the forecast-errors were largely due to incorrect phase forecasts for wave numbers 1 through 4. The forecast-errors associated with wave number 1 usually “positioned” the large-scale systematic forecast-errors near Japan and Scandinavia and contributed materially to their intensities. Relationships between forecast-error fields and topography, geography, synoptic situation, and “non-adiabatic” heating are discussed. Hemispheric fields of “non-adiabatic” heating, computed using a two-level graphical model, are shown. Charts illustrating the dependence of “non-adiabatic” heating on the general circulation are also shown.
Factors Affecting Muscle Glycogen Synthetase Activity (1967)

The properties of the glucose 6-phosphate-dependent forms of glycogen synthetase obtained by incubation with calcium ions or with adenosine triphosphate were compared. The two preparations showed different sensitivity to the action of heat and trypsin. In addition, the synthetase obtained with adenosine triphosphate is reconvertible to the independent form while that prepared with Ca++ is not. The possible physiological role of the two different mechanisms of formation of the glucose 6-phosphate-dependent forms of glycogen synthetase is discussed.
Changes in AIDS-Defining Illnesses in a London Clinic, 1987–1998 (1999)

Objectives: To describe the incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses within a single large clinic setting, to describe temporal changes over a 10-year period in the overall incidence and of individual AIDS-defining illnesses and to investigate the impact of HIV treatment regimen on the incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses. Subjects and Methods: A person-years analysis was used to determine the incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses according to calendar year and stratification by CD4 lymphocyte count and treatment regimen in 1806 patients from the Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine with at least one CD4 lymphocyte count and follow-up visit. Results: Prior to 1992, the incidence of all AIDS-defining illnesses was 27.4/100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8-32.0) and during 1997 this incidence had dropped to 6.9/100 PYFU (95% CI, 4.7-9.1; p < .0001, test for trend). The decline in incidence over time occurred in esophageal candidiasis, cytomegalovirus disease (including retinitis), Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, wasting syndrome, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (p < .05, test for trend), but there was no evidence of a decline in AIDS dementia or in Mycobacterium avium complex. In 1997, among patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts of ≤200 cells/mm3, the incidence rates for any AIDS-defining illness was 51.1/100 PYFU for patients taking no therapy (95% CI, 27.9-85.7), 34.5 among patients on monotherapy (95% CI, 4.2-124.6), 13.2 among patients taking dual combination therapy (95% CI, 3.6-33.8) and 6.1 among patients taking triple therapy or more complex regimens (95% CI, 0.7-22.0; p < .0001, test for trend). Conclusions: There was a considerable decline in AIDS-defining illnesses during 1996 and 1997, coinciding with the rapid development of new antiretroviral treatments and combinations of treatment. Further follow-up of large observational cohorts is essential to monitor the incidence of diagnoses less common than we were able to consider, such as tuberculosis, cryptosporidiosis, and cryptococcosis, and also to investigate whether the incidence of disease continues to fall, or whether it starts to rise again, as toxicities, compliance, drug resistance, and long-term side effects begin to appear.
Absolute linearity measurements on a PbS detector in the infrared (2006)

The nonlinearity characteristics of a commercially available thin-film photoconductive PbS detector were experimentally investigated in the infrared using the National Physical Laboratory detector linearity characterization facility. The deviation from linearity of this detector was shown to be significant even for relatively low values of radiant power incident on the active area of the detector. For example, the linearity factor was approximately 0.8 when 0.6 microW of radiant power at a wavelength of 2.2 microm was illuminating a spot of 1 mm in diameter on the active area of the PbS detector. These figures demonstrate the poor linearity characteristics of this detector and provide a warning to other users of PbS detection systems. The deviation from linearity was shown to be a function of the size of the spot being illuminated on the detector active area, as well as the wavelength of the incident radiation. The deviation from linearity was shown to be a function of irradiance illuminating the detector for irradiance values lower than 1 microW mm(-2).
Formation of apical pseudopods by canine thyroid follicular cells: Induction by thyrotropin and 5‐hydroxytryptamine; antagonism by reserpine (1978)

Abstract The role of biogenic amines in the activation of thyroid follicu‐lar cells by thyrotropin (TSH) was studied. 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) was chosen as the amine to study and apical pseudopod formation, assessed by scanning electron microscopy, was used as the index of follicular cell activation. All experiments were done on dogs. TSH and 5‐HT were both potent inducers of pseudopod formation. The action of TSH but not that of 5‐HT was antagonized by the amine depleting drug reserpine. Reserpine depleted the thyroid of 5‐HT in newborn, adolescent, and adult dogs. It is concluded that one or more biogenic amines, such as 5‐HT, are probably involved in follicular cell activation by TSH.
DEALING WITH POST-TRAUMATIC ARTHROSIS (2002)

Total hip arthroplasty following pelvic or femoral trauma presents the joint surgeon with challenges not dissimilar to that of revision surgery. Careful preoperative evaluation and planning, and realistic assessment of risks and expectations is necessary. Complex acetabular fractures present the surgeon with a variety of challenges in conversion to total hip replacement (THR). Bone stock is the critical factor in achieving a stable acetabular reconstruction, particularly with regard to the posterior column. In patients who have undergone prior open reduction and internal fixation, routine radiographic examination will often be inconclusive as to the status of healing of fractures due to the presence of metal, and CAT scans will be similarly obfuscated by metal artefact. Therefore, the surgeon must be prepared for the possibility of bone stock deficiency at the time of reconstruction. Subclinical infection following ORIF is possible; all patients should be screened for this possibility with preoperative determination of the ESR and C-reactive protein. If these studies are elevated, aspiration of the hip under x-ray or ultrasound guidance should be considered. At the time of surgery, it is suggested that cultures be obtained prior to the administration of systemic antibiotics, and consideration given to intraoperative frozen section examination of tissue if infection is suspected. Removal of internal fixation devices, debridement, and second stage reconstruction after appropriate antibiotic therapy will be necessary in these cases. Exposure of the hip will be complicated by scar tissue. Particular care is required to avoid sciatic nerve injury during the exposure and hardware removal. Extension of the hip and knee during posterior exposure of the acetabulum and internal fixation devices will aid in retraction and avoidance of neuropraxic sciatic injury. Stainless steel screws and plates should not contact titanium alloy implants in order to avoid the possibility of fretting wear and corrosion of dissimilar metals. Intraarticular exposure of screws or plates mandates removal of the device. In the absence of such exposure, hardware may be left in place. Post-traumatic hip arthritis is frequently associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head. It is not unusual to see advanced bone loss and collapse of the femoral head, with associated limb shortening. If internal fixation has been performed in the proximal femur, consideration of the appropriate femoral component length is necessary to bypass any stress risers. Calcar replacement implants will be necessary in the face of proximal femoral deficiency. The risk of dislocation following THR in the setting of post-traumatic arthrosis is increased in the presence of soft tissue defects, abductor dysfunction, or neuromuscular deficit. Postoperative bracing may be necessary to assure stability of the reconstruction. The use of a THR orthosis set at 10–15° abduction, 30–60° flexion for 12 weeks following surgery has been successful in preventing dislocation in the setting of abnormal soft tissues.