gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge Detection Techniques-An Overview (1998)

In computer vision and image processing, edge detection concerns the localization of significant variations of the grey level image and the identification of the physical phenomena that originated them. This information is very useful for applications in 3D reconstruction, motion, recognition, image enhancement and restoration, image registration, image compression, and so on. Usually, edge detection requires smoothing and differentiation of the image. Differentiation is an ill-conditioned problem and smoothing results in a loss of information. It is difficult to design a general edge detection algorithm which performs well in many contexts and captures the requirements of subsequent processing stages. Consequently, over the history of digital image processing a variety of edge detectors have been devised which differ in their mathematical and algorithmic properties. This paper is an account of the current state of our understanding of edge detection. We propose an overview of research...
Scorpion α and α‐like toxins differentially interact with sodium channels in mammalian CNS and periphery (2000)

Scorpion alpha-toxins from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, LqhII and LqhIII, are similarly toxic to mice when administered by a subcutaneous route, but in mouse brain LqhII is 25-fold more toxic. Examination of the two toxins effects in central nervous system (CNS), peripheral preparations and expressed sodium channels revealed the basis for their differential toxicity. In rat brain synaptosomes, LqhII binds with high affinity, whereas LqhIII competes only at high concentration for LqhII-binding sites in a voltage-dependent manner. LqhII strongly inhibits sodium current inactivation of brain rBII subtype expressed in HEK293 cells, whereas LqhIII is weakly active at 2 microM, suggesting that LqhIII affects sodium channel subtypes other than rBII in the brain. In the periphery, both toxins inhibit tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium current inactivation in dorsal root ganglion neurons, and are strongly active directly on the muscle and on expressed muI channels. Only LqhII, however, induced repetitive end-plate potentials in mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm muscle preparation by direct effect on the motor nerve. Thus, rBII and sodium channel subtypes expressed in peripheral nervous system (PNS) serve as the main targets for LqhII but are mostly not sensitive to LqhIII. Toxicity of both toxins in periphery may be attributed to the direct effect on muscle. Our data elucidate, for the first time, how different toxins affect mammalian central and peripheral excitable cells, and reveal unexpected subtype specificity of toxins that interact with receptor site 3.
Silicon photonics: Lasers and amplifiers (2011)

In this presentation research on light emission and amplification in the context of a silicon photonics platform will be discussed. Two distinct approaches will be covered. The first is the “hybrid silicon laser”. It relies on the bonding of thin InPInGaAsP epi-layers on patterned silicon photonics wafers and subsequent processing into electrically driven microlasers. A range of different hybrid lasers for different applications will be discussed. The second approach is based on four-wave-mixing in silicon and allows to generate new optical frequencies on the basis of optical pumping. Progress in this area both at telecom and longer wavelengths will be discussed, both for crystalline and amorphous silicon-on-insulator.
Lucid Data Dreaming for Video Object Segmentation (2017)

Convolutional networks reach top quality in pixel-level video object segmentation but require a large amount of training data (1k~100k) to deliver such results. We propose a new training strategy which achieves state-of-the-art results across three evaluation datasets while using 20x~1000x less annotated data than competing methods. Our approach is suitable for both single and multiple object segmentation. Instead of using large training sets hoping to generalize across domains, we generate in-domain training data using the provided annotation on the first frame of each video to synthesize ("lucid dream") plausible future video frames. In-domain per-video training data allows us to train high quality appearance- and motion-based models, as well as tune the post-processing stage. This approach allows to reach competitive results even when training from only a single annotated frame, without ImageNet pre-training. Our results indicate that using a larger training set is not automatically better, and that for the video object segmentation task a smaller training set that is closer to the target domain is more effective. This changes the mindset regarding how many training samples and general "objectness" knowledge are required for the video object segmentation task.
Preliminary results of prolonged target controlled infusion of sufentanil adjusted to an effort pain score after cardiac surgery. (2005)

Repeated boluses of i.v. morphine are often used for analgesia after cardiac surgery, but this procedure frequently provides inadequate pain relief. Target controlled infusion (TCI) of opioid drugs has been proposed as an alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prolonged sufentanil TCI adjusted to an effort pain score on the postoperative course after cardiac surgery. Twenty-six patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were anaesthetised using TCI of propofol and sufentanil, followed by early extubation. In the postoperative period, patients were randomly allocated to receive either boluses of i.v. morphine (Bolus group), adapted to a pain score at rest, or sufentanil TCI with a low target concentration (0.08-0.1 ng/ml), adapted to a pain score during deep inspiration (TCI group). Postoperative pain was assessed using a Verbal Numerical Score (VNS) before and during three stimuli: extubation, lateral positioning and physiotherapy. In 15 patients, inspiratory capacity was evaluated by incentive spirometry (IS) on postoperative day 1. Three patients in each group were withdrawn because of delayed extubation. Clinical characteristics, mean time to extubation and PaCO2 were similar in both groups. Analgesia was adequate at rest in both groups as indicated by low pain scores. Pain intensity increased significantly during the three stimuli (p < 0.01). VNS were lower in the TCI than in the Bolus group (3.8 +/- 0.5 versus 4.8 +/- 0.5, p = 0.03). Nine of 10 patients in the TCI group but only 4 of 10 patients in the bolus group gave a VNS below 5 during the stimuli. IS performance was better preserved in the TCI than in the Bolus group (53 +/- 5% versus 35 +/- 5% of preoperative values, p < 0.05). These observations indicate that after cardiac surgery, postoperative pain management with prolonged TCI of sufentanil adapted to a pain score during deep inspiration can achieve better analgesia during routine bedside procedures and higher pulmonary volumes than on-demand boluses of morphine.
Low‐Pressure chemical vapour deposition of tantalum pentoxide films for ulsi devices using tantalum pentaethoxide as precursor (1992)

Abstract A laminar flow low‐pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) system (LAM Integrity TM ) has been used to deposit tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) from Ta(OEt) 5 films in the presence of oxygen (O 2 ) at 470 °C at a typical deposition rate of 4 nm min −1 . Uniformities of &lt;1.5% (SD 1σ) over a 150 mm silicon substrate were obtained. The layers were annealed under different conditions. It was discovered that the films did not change their stoichiometry as determined by Rutherford backscattering (RBS). The as‐deposited films were amorphous but became crystalline (β‐Ta 2 O 5 ) at temperatures &gt; 700 °C. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results on crystallisation behaviour were supported by X‐ray diffraction data. The electrical properties of the Ta 2 O 5 films have been characterised using MIS (metal/insulator/silicon) capacitor structures. Leakage values of &lt;10 −6 A cm −2 at 6 MV cm −1 equivalent applied electric field and breakdown strengths of &gt;7 MV cm −1 at 1.6 μA were obtained for annealed layers. Compound dielectric constants (native silicon oxide thickness of about 2.5 nm plus Ta 2 O 5 of various thicknesses) between 14 and &gt;30 have been measured. The electrical properties reveal the potential use of Ta 2 O 5 as a storage capacitor dielectric in 64 and 256 Mbit DRAM (dynamic random access memory) devices.
Functional role of p21 during the cellular response to stress. (1999)

A wide range of stress stimuli, including oxidants, genotoxins, metabolic deficiencies, and irradiation, have been shown to induce expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Among the best characterized mediators of p21 induction by stress is the tumor suppressor gene p53, which acts as a transcriptional activator to enhance the expression of the p21 gene. However, many other mechanisms involving transcriptional and posttranscriptional events have been found to participate in the elevation of p21 levels by stressful agents. The significance of the stress-mediated elevation in p21 expression is not fully understood, but it is clear that alterations in p21 expression impact on the ability of the cell to survive the insult. Although a large number of reports have demonstrated correlations between the expression of p21 and cellular outcome, this review will focus only on those reports where the role of p21 in a given stress paradigm has been investigated directly, through use of different strategies to manipulate p21 expression followed by assessment of the consequences of altered p21 expression on cell survival. The majority of such studies have revealed that p21 exerts a protective function against stress, and this property appears to rely, at least in part, on the ability of p21 to suppress cell proliferation. A few exceptions to this universal protective influence of p21 have also been observed and will be discussed.
System Considerations and Impacts of AC Cable Networks on Weak High Voltage Transmission Networks (2006)

Building new transmission facilities are becoming more difficult due to political and environmental pressures from the public and government. New transmission circuits are required to be built underground as far as possible to minimize visual and electromagnetic filed impacts on the communities in close vicinity of the new transmission facility. Several utilities are faced with challenges to interconnect large cable transmission networks to weak AC networks due to these reasons. This paper investigates system impacts and provides possible mitigation solutions to low-order resonances in cable networks with high percentage AC cables
A Multicolumn Ion Chromatographic Determination of Nitrate and Sulfate in Waters Containing Humic Substances (1986)

A three-column ion chromatographic system for the removal of humic substances from natural waters, and subsequent on-line concentration and determination of nitrate and sulfate using non-suppressed ion chromatography is presented. Humic substances are removed using disposable adsorption columns packed with chemically bonded amine silica material. The sample is directly transfered to an ion exchange column where the anions are concentrated ca 10 times. After reversing the flow, the ions are transferred to a third column where they are separated and quantified. The detection limit is less than 1 mgL-1 of nitrate or sulfate in water containing 45 mgL-1 of humic acid.
Study on the Preparation and Structure of Mullite Membrane (1998)

Supported;and unsupported mullite membranes were prepared by sol-gel process from bothtetraethyoxysilane (TEOS) and aluminium nitrate precursors. Structure, appearance and poresize of the mullilte membrane were characterized by DAT-TG, XRD, SEM and BET. The resultsshowed non-crystal xerogel membrane transformed into the mullite membrane after heat treatmentat 1050℃. The most concentrative pore diameter of unsupported mullite membrane was about3. 71um.
Seeing People in Different Light-Joint Shape, Motion, and Reflectance Capture (2007)

By means of passive optical motion capture, real people can be authentically animated and photo-realistically textured. To import real-world characters into virtual environments, however, surface reflectance properties must also be known. We describe a video-based modeling approach that captures human shape and motion as well as reflectance characteristics from a handful of synchronized video recordings. The presented method is able to recover spatially varying surface reflectance properties of clothes from multiview video footage. The resulting model description enables us to realistically reproduce the appearance of animated virtual actors under different lighting conditions, as well as to interchange surface attributes among different people, e.g., for virtual dressing. Our contribution can be used to create 3D renditions of real-world people under arbitrary novel lighting conditions on standard graphics hardware.
Design of a programmable switched-capacitor analog FIR filter (1999)

grantor: University of Toronto
Forecasting day-ahead electricity prices: A review of state-of-the-art algorithms, best practices and an open-access benchmark (2020)

While the field of electricity price forecasting has benefited from plenty of contributions in the last two decades, it arguably lacks a rigorous approach to evaluating new predictive algorithms. The latter are often compared using unique, not publicly available datasets and across too short and limited to one market test samples. The proposed new methods are rarely benchmarked against well established and well performing simpler models, the accuracy metrics are sometimes inadequate and testing the significance of differences in predictive performance is seldom conducted. Consequently, it is not clear which methods perform well nor what are the best practices when forecasting electricity prices. In this paper, we tackle these issues by performing a literature survey of state-of-the-art models, comparing state-of-the-art statistical and deep learning methods across multiple years and markets, and by putting forward a set of best practices. In addition, we make available the considered datasets, forecasts of the state-of-the-art models, and a specifically designed python toolbox, so that new algorithms can be rigorously evaluated in future studies.
A phase I, first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation study of MGD013, a bispecific DART molecule binding PD-1 and LAG-3, in patients with unresectable or metastatic neoplasms. (2020)

3004 Background: MGD013 is an investigational, first-in-class, Fc-bearing bispecific tetravalent DART molecule designed to bind PD-1 and LAG-3 and sustain/restore the function of exhausted T cells. MGD013 demonstrates ligand blocking properties consistent with anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3 benchmark molecules, and improves T cell responses beyond that observed with benchmark or component antibodies alone or in combination. Methods: This study characterizes the safety, tolerability, dose-limiting toxicities, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), PK/PD, and antitumor activity of MGD013 in patients (pts) with advanced solid and hematologic malignancies. Sequential single-pt cohorts were treated with escalating flat doses of MGD013 (1-1200 mg IV every 2 weeks), followed by a 3+3 design. Tumor-specific expansion cohorts are being treated at the recommended Phase 2 dose of 600 mg. Results: At data-cutoff, 50 pts (46% checkpoint-experienced) were treated in Dose Escalation, and 157 pts (32% checkpoint-experienced) in Cohort Expansion. No MTD was defined. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 146/207 (70.5%) pts, most commonly fatigue (19%) and nausea (11%). The rate of Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs was 23.2%. Immune-related AEs were consistent with events observed with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Mean half-life was 11 days; peripheral blood flow cytometry analyses confirmed full and sustained on-target binding during treatment at doses ≥ 120 mg. Among 41 response-evaluable [RE] dose escalation pts, 3 confirmed partial responses [cPRs] (triple negative breast cancer [TNBC], mesothelioma, gastric cancer) per RECIST 1.1 were observed, while 21 pts had stable disease [SD]. Among select expansion cohorts, PRs have been observed in epithelial ovarian cancer (n=2; both cPRs, and 7 with SD among 15 RE pts) and TNBC (n=2; 1 cPR, 1 unconfirmed PR [uPR], and 5 with SD among 14 RE pts). In a cohort of pts with HER2+ tumors treated with MGD013 in combination with margetuximab (investigational anti-HER-2 antibody), 3 PRs have been observed (breast [n=2], colorectal [n=1]; 1 cPR, 2 uPRs) and 2 pts with SD among 6 RE pts. Objective responses have been observed in several pts after prior anti-PD-1 therapy. Investigations into potential correlative biomarkers including LAG-3 and PD-1 are ongoing. Conclusions: MGD013, a novel molecule designed to coordinately block PD-1 and LAG-3, has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging early evidence of anti-tumor activity. Clinical trial information: NCT03219268 .
Bone structural modifications around implants inserted with bone grafting procedures. a randomized controlled trial with 3 years of follow up (2018)

Background Primary stability is considered one of the crucial pre-requisites for achieving osseointegration of dental implants but recently many comparative studies have shown that the secondary biological stability does not depend on the increase of the primary mechanical stability. The implant's micro-structures and the remodeling of the hard tissues around implants are essential for achieving and maintaining the osseointegration, moreover in the cases in which bone augmentation is required. Aim/Hypothesis The aims of this study were to verify if the hard tissues modifications around porous-structured implants can result in the osseointegration of them and to verify radiographically, histologically and clinically the biological stability after 5 months of healing, comparing the results between the groups with and without primary stability. Material and Methods Fifty implants with trabecular structure were inserted in posterior sockets of 50 patients two months after tooth extraction, combined with xenograft and a resorbable membrane. Implants were divided in two groups according to insertion torque- test (less than 35 Ncm, n = 23), control (more than 35 Ncm, n = 27). Implants were then randomly assigned to two different stability assessment techniques- Resonance Frequency Analysis assessed at placement, uncovering (5-month healing), 6-month loading, or Counter-Torque at 30 Ncm, only assessed at uncovering. One additional implant for each group was retrieved after 5 months of healing for histological analysis. Implants were clinically and radiographically assessed up to three years of function. Results At baseline ISQ was undetectable in the Test group (n = 12) and averaged 75.07 ± 5.84 in Control group (n = 15). At uncovering after 5 months, ISQ increased to 71.33 ± 4.42 and 77.97 ± 3.30 in Test and Control group, respectively (p less than0.001). All implants tested with counter-torque resisted to 30 Ncm. All implants achieved osseointegration and were restored as planned. After six months, 1 and 3 years of loading, no between-group difference in ISQ was found (P = 0.13). Radiographically and the probing test confirmed that the marginal bone level changes were not significantly different between the groups at all follow-ups. Clinically, no one implant failed up to 3 years of function. The histological analysis of the implants inserted with and without primary stability after 5 months of healing showed similar bone ingrowth into and around trabecular structure of both implants. Conclusions and Clinical Implications Although further investigations are needed to confirm our hypothesis, osseointegration of trabecular porous implants in association with grafting procedures seems to occur independently of the primary stability, allowing successful early rehabilitation of wide postextraction defects.
The Kinetics of Chlorite and Chlorate in the Rat (1984)

Chlorine dioxide (CIO 2 ) is under consideration as an alternative to chlorination as a disinfectant for public water supplies. The primary products resulting from CIO 2 disinfection of surface waters are chlorite (CIO - 2 ) and chlorates (CIO - 3 ). The kinetics of 36 CIO - 2 and 36 CIO - 3 was studied in rats. Radioactivity was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following the administration of (0.17 μCi) 36 CIO - 2 or (0.85 μCi) 36 CIO - 3 orally, and 36 CI in plasma reached a peak at 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively. After 72 hours, radioactivity was highest in whole blood, followed by packed cells, plasma, stomach, testes, skin, lung, kidney, duodenum, carcass, spleen, ileum, brain, bone marrow, and liver in 36 CIO - 2 treatment. 36 CI excretion was greatest at 24 hours after the administration of 36 CIO - 3 , but in the 36 CIO - 2 , the excretion most likely represented saturation of the biotransformation and excretion pathways. About 40% of the total initial dose was excreted at 72 hours in the urine and feces in both treatments. No 36 CI was detected in expired air throughout the 72 hours studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalysts and Immobilized Biocatalysts in Enantioselective Synthesis (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ethanol Exposure Impairs AMPK Signaling and Phagocytosis in Human Alveolar Macrophages: Role of Ethanol Metabolism (2019)

EtOH-induced impaired phagocytosis, oxidative stress, ER stress, and dysregulated AMPK signaling are plausibly associated with the formation of FAEEs and may participate in the pathogenesis of nonspecific pulmonary inflammation.
Bilateral Choroidal Detachment in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2015)

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