gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Big Data Language Model of Contemporary Polish (2017)

Based on big data training we provide 5-gram language models of contemporary Polish which are based on the Common Crawl corpus (which is a compilation of more than 9,000,000,000 pages from across the web) and other resources. We prove that our model is better than the Google WEB1T n-gram counts and assures better quality in terms of perplexity and machine translation. The model includes lower-counting entries and also de-duplication in order to lessen boilerplate. We also provide POS tagged version of raw corpus and raw corpus itself. We also provide dictionary of contemporary Polish. By maintaining singletons, Kneser-Ney smoothing in SRILM toolkit was used in order to construct big data language models. In this research, it is detailed exactly how the corpus was obtained and pre-processed, with a prominence on issues which surface when working with information on this scale. We train the language model and finally present advances of BLEU score in MT and perplexity values, through the utilization of our model.
The interaction of concanavalin A with teichoic acids and bacterial walls (1971)

Research Article| July 01 1971 The interaction of concanavalin A with teichoic acids and bacterial walls A R Archibald; A R Archibald 1Microbiological Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H E Coapes H E Coapes 1Microbiological Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1971 London: The Biochemical Society1971 Biochem J (1971) 123 (4): 665–667. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1230665 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A R Archibald, H E Coapes; The interaction of concanavalin A with teichoic acids and bacterial walls. Biochem J 1 July 1971; 123 (4): 665–667. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1230665 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 London: The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Study on Stability of Pentacene-Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Diodes in Air Using Capacitance–Voltage Characteristics (2009)

The stability of bottom-gate pentacene-based metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) diodes in air up to 30 days was investigated. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of the pentacene film in air showed a slight hysteresis (36 mV) without any surface treatment for as-fabricated pentacene-based MOS diodes. However, after 30 days, the hysteresis width further increased to 100 mV and flat-band voltages shifted toward positive voltage as well, which indicates that the electron trapping effects become stronger caused by either moisture or oxygen; thus, the stability of pentacene-based MOS diode characteristics degraded gradually.
Whole-core analysis for effective characterization of inter-well permeability from a horizontal well (2008)

Whole-core analysis is critical for characterizing porosity and directional permeability in heterogeneous, fractured and/or anisotropic rocks. Whole-core measurements are essential because small-scale heterogeneity may not be appropriately represented in plug measurements. Additionally, for characterization of multi-phase flow properties (special core analysis) in heterogeneous rocks, whole-core analysis is required. Special whole-core analyses are not frequently conducted on whole cores because of experimental difficulties, such as establishing representative water saturation. It is rare that cores are taken and whole-core analysis is conducted from a horizontal well in a carbonate reservoir. The objectives and results of this presentation are: (1) show permeability variability at inter-well scale from a horizontal well in a carbonate reservoir in Abu Dhabi. (2) Compare vertical permeability in whole cores obtained from a horizontal well to vertical permeability obtained from an adjacent vertical core. (3) Analyze gas-oil relative permeability measurements conducted on whole cores. These were modeled and compared with gas-oil relative permeability data at plug scale. Klinkenberg-corrected permeability on whole cores under reservoir net-confining stress was measured and the results were compared with plug analysis from the same interval. (4) Demonstrate quality-control and data-analysis procedures for whole-core analysis. Uncertainty in routine and special whole-core analysis data were quantified and quality-control and&lt;br&gt;data-analysis procedure are presented.
TLR Signaling-induced CD103-expressing Cells Protect Against Intestinal Inflammation (2015)

The TLR-mediated amelioration of disease, the increase in CD103-expressing cells, and the beneficial function of TLR signal induction in hematopoietic cells indicate that the increased expression of TLRs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease might result in counterregulation of the host and serve in preventing disease.
Reduction in surface recombination and enhancement of light emission in silicon photonic crystals treated by high-pressure water-vapor annealing (2010)

We propose and demonstrate the application of high-pressure water-vapor annealing (HWA) to silicon photonic crystals for surface passivation. We find that the photoluminescence intensity from a sample treated with HWA is enhanced by a factor of ∼6. We confirm that this enhancement originates from a reduction in the surface-recombination velocity (SRV) by a factor of ∼0.4. The estimated SRV is as low as 2.1×103 cm/s at room temperature. These results indicate that HWA is a promising approach for efficient surface passivation in silicon photonic nanostructures.
Structural and Barrier Properties of Compatibilized PE/PA6 Multinanolayer Films (2021)

The barrier performance and structural lightening of organic materials are increasingly desired and constitute a major challenge for manufacturers, particularly for transport and packaging. A promising technique which tends to emerge in recent years is that of multinanolayer coextrusion. The advantage is that it can produce multilayers made of thousands of very thin layers, leading to new properties due to crystalline morphology changes induced by confinement. This paper is focusing on the study of multinanolayered films with alternated polyethylene (PE), compatibilizer (PEgMA) and polyamide 6 (PA6) layers and made by a forced assembly coextrusion process equipped with layer multiplying elements (LME). PE/PA6 multilayer films consisting of 5 to 2049 layers (respectively 0 to 9 LME) were successfully obtained with well-organized multilayered structure. The evolution of the morphology and the microstructure of these two semi-crystalline polymers, when the thickness of each polymer layer decreases from micro-scale to nano-scale, was correlated to the water and gas transport properties of the PE/PA multilayers. The expected improvement of barrier properties was limited due to the on-edge orientation of crystals in very thin PE and PA6 layers. Despite this change of crystalline morphology, a slight improvement of the gas barrier properties was shown by comparing experimental results with permeabilities predicted on the basis of a serial model developed by considering a PE/PA6 interphase. This interphase observed by TEM images and the on-edge crystal orientation in multilayers were evidenced from mechanical properties showing an increase of the stiffness and the strength.
Chiral Zirconium Catalysts Using Multidentate BINOL Derivatives for Catalytic Enantioselective Mannich-Type Reactions; Ligand Optimization and Approaches to Elucidation of the Catalyst Structure (2005)

Catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reactions of silicon enolates with aldimines were investigated using chiral zirconium catalysts prepared from Zr(O(t)Bu)(4), N-methylimidazole, and newly designed multidentate BINOL derivatives. These new multidentate BINOL ligands were designed on the basis of an assumed transition state structure of a chiral zirconium catalyst derived from two molecules of (R)-6,6'-Br(2)-BINOL. Not only tetradentate BINOL 4 but also tridentate BINOL derivatives were found to be effective, and high enantioselectivities were attained. In a structural study of the most effective zirconium complex prepared from tridentate ligand 6e, several NMR experiments and DFT calculations were carried out. Consequently, the structure of an active catalyst and plausible mechanism of asymmetric induction were elucidated.
Virtual grid for renewable energy society (2015)

Emerging economies are expected to account for more than 90% of the global net-energy-demand growth to 2035. Intensive use of renewable energy by emerging economies is inevitable to solve the problem of global warming. In this paper, we propose a grid comprising distributed small solar energy systems without electric wires, called a "virtual grid," where lithium-ion batteries, solar panels, and appliances are wirelessly networked and the batteries are shared between users to improve the efficiency of battery usage. The states of health (SOH) of batteries are monitored and the batteries are used beyond the SOH deterioration limit defined by the makers as far as the batteries are evaluated as safe, which results in extension of the battery lifetime to more than twice. The virtual grid is projected to reach grid parity for emerging economies around 2030, assuming continued cost reduction of lithium-ion, or other high-energy-density batteries.
Development of siRNA-loaded chitosan nanoparticles targeting Galectin-1 for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme via intranasal administration: patent application GB1519841.9 - PCT/EP2016/078547 & WO2017/089392A1 (2015)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Speed-of-Sound Measurements in Gaseous Binary Refrigerant Mixtures of Difluoromethane (R-32) + 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) (1997)

One hundred ninety-three speed-of-sound values in gaseous difluoromethane (R-32, CH2F2) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a, CF3CH2F) have been measured using a spherical resonator. The measurements have been carried out at temperatures from 303 K to 343 K, pressures up to 240 kPa, and mole fractions of R-32 from 0.16 to 0.90. The experimental uncertainties in the temperature, pressure, and speed of sound for the binary mixture are estimated to be not greater than ±8 mK, ±0.1 kPa, and ±0.0072%, respectively. The samples purified and analyzed by the manufacturers were used and were better than 99.99 mass % for R-32 and 99.98 and 99.99 mass % for two different R-134a samples. We have accurately determined the compositions of the binary refrigerant mixture, R-32 + R-134a, and the second acoustic virial coefficients from the speed-of-sound measurements.
Using shape to turn off blinking for two-colour multiexciton emission in CdSe/CdS tetrapods (2017)

Semiconductor nanostructures capable of emitting from two excited states and thereby of producing two photoluminescence colours are of fundamental and potential technological significance. In this limited class of nanocrystals, CdSe/CdS core/arm tetrapods exhibit the unusual trait of two-colour (red and green) multiexcitonic emission, with green emission from the CdS arms emerging only at high excitation fluences. Here we show that by synthetic shape-tuning, both this multi-colour emission process, and blinking and photobleaching behaviours of single tetrapods can be controlled. Specifically, we find that the properties of dual emission and single-nanostructure photostability depend on different structural parameters-arm length and arm diameter, respectively-but that both properties can be realized in the same nanostructure. Furthermore, based on results of correlated photoluminescence and transient absorption measurements, we conclude that hole-trap filling in the arms and partial state-filling in the core are necessary preconditions for the observation of multiexciton multi-colour emission.
On the Role of Iron and one of its Chelating Agents in the Production of Protoporphyrin IX Generated by 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid and its Hexyl Ester Derivative Tested on an Epidermal Equivalent of Human Skin (2006)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or its derivatives as precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is routinely used in dermatology for the treatment of various pathologies. However, this methodology suffers to some extent from a limited efficacy. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to investigate the modulation and pharmacokinetics of PPIX buildup after a 5 h incubation with ALA (1.5 mM) and one of its derivatives, the hexyl ester of ALA (h-ALA) (1.5 mM), on the human epidermal equivalent Epidex. PPIX production was modulated with (L+) ascorbic acid iron (II) salt (LAI) or the iron (II)-specific chelating agent deferoxamine (DFO). PPIX fluorescence from the Epidex layers was measured up to 150 h after the precursor administration using a microspectrofluorometer (lambda(ex): 400 +/- 20 nm; lambda(det): 635 nm). The maximum PPIX fluorescence intensity induced by h-ALA was about 1.7 x larger than that induced by ALA. The addition of DFO resulted in a more than 50% increase in PPIX fluorescence for both precursors. The decay half life measured for PPIX fluorescence is 30 and 42.5 h, respectively, for ALA and h-ALA. These half lives are doubled when the samples contain DFO. In the samples with the highest fluorescence intensity, a modified fluorescence spectrum was observed after 10 h, with the emergence of a peak at 590 nm, which is attributed to zinc protoporphyrin IX (Zn PPIX).
Blood rheology in patients with transient ischemic attacks. (1988)

A complete ischemic stroke is associated with a significant hemorheologic disturbance leading to a rise of the viscous component of the peripheral resistance. This abnormality represents a consequence of the acute event. Nonetheless, it could be causally related to ischemia. In an attempt to clarify this question, 26 patients suffering from transient ischemic attacks were compared with controls in terms of blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, blood cell filterability, and erythrocyte aggregation. In patients there was a significant impairment of blood fluidity comprising plasma viscosity, blood cell filterability, and erythrocyte aggregation, suggesting that the flow properties of blood are jeopardized even before an acute stroke. Most likely this is due to the underlying arteriosclerotic process. Our results open the way to speculating that hemorheologic mechanisms might predispose to the development of a stroke by decreasing cerebral blood flow. If this hypothesis were true, it would have important t...
Media Education: Definitions, Approaches and Development around the Globe. (2010)

Background: Media education is the study of the media with the aim of cultivating people’s media literacy. In the past four decades, media education has rapidly developed in school systems and communities all over the world. Each country has its own developmental trajectory. With the rise of the interactive new media, media education is going to have a paradigm shift, bringing media education study into a new era.&lt;/br&gt;\nGoals: This paper discusses the rationales, definitions and approaches of media education. It also provides an overview about the global development of media literacy training.&lt;/br&gt;\nResults: Although different countries define media education in different ways, they share the common goal of training media literate people to deal with the media in an intelligent and responsible way. Media education has been well developed in the West but in recent years Asia regions such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China and Japan are gaining their momentum. With the emergence of various new media devices, media education is regarded as playing a more important role in cultivating wise prosumers in the 21st century.&lt;/br&gt;\n背景：傳媒教育以傳媒為研習對象，目的是培養人們的媒介素養。過去四十年，傳媒教育在全球的學校及社區迅速發展，每一個國家都有它獨特的發展軌跡。隨著互動新媒體的興起，傳媒教育也進行範式轉移，將媒介素養的研習帶進新紀元。&lt;/br&gt;\n目標：這篇文章的目的是介紹傳媒教育的重要性、定義及教學取向，它更為傳媒教育在全球各地的發展提供總覽。&lt;/br&gt;\n結果：雖然不同國家對傳媒教育有不同的定義，但其實它們都有共同的目標，就是培育具有媒介素養的人，讓他們能精明及負責任地和傳媒打交道。傳媒教育在西方發展得很好，近年它在亞洲地區如香港、台灣、中國大陸及日本都有蓬勃的發展。由於各種新媒體不斷湧現，傳媒教育比以往更有迫切性去培養二十一世紀的「傳媒消費製作人」。\n&lt;/br&gt;[Copyright of New Horizons: The Journal of Education, Hong Kong Teachers' Associationl is the property of Hong Kong Teachers' Association at http://www.hkta1934.org.hk/]
Interplay between Polymorphism and Isostructurality in the 2-Fur- and 2-Thenaldehyde Semi- and Thiosemicarbazones (2020)

The four compounds, namely: 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (<b>1</b>); 5-nitro-2-thiophene thiosemicarbazone (<b>2</b>); 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone (<b>3</b>); and 5-nitro-2-thiophene semicarbazone (<b>4</b>) were synthesized and crystallized. The three new crystal structures of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>4</b> were determined and compared to three already known crystal structures of <b>3</b>. Additionally, two new polymorphic forms of <b>1</b> solvate were synthesized and studied. The influence of the exchange of 2-thiophene to 2-furaldehyde as well as thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone on the self-assembly of supramolecular nets was elucidated and discussed in terms of the formed synthons and assemblies accompanied by Full Interaction Maps analysis. Changes in the strength of IR oscillators caused by the molecular and crystal packing effects are described and explained in terms of changes of electron density.
The drought environment: physical, biological and agricultural perspectives (2006)

'Drought' has many meanings in relation to crop production. These range from: statistical (say, the lowest decile of annual rainfall) to a meteorologist; through yield being limited by too little water to an agronomist; to sudden severe water deficits to many molecular biologists. To a farmer, the corresponding management issues, respectively, are risk management (how best to manage a meteorologically drought-prone farm over several years), how best to match cultivar and agronomic operations to the developing growing season, and how best to minimize possible major damage to (say) floral fertility induced by severe water deficits during flowering. All these definitions and the issues they imply are relevant to improving crop production when water is limiting. How can scientists best help? The answers depend on the scales (temporal and spatial) being addressed. Agronomists and breeders, interacting, can help improve components of seasonal water balance in the field, for example, minimizing evaporative losses from the soil surface by better matching the development of a crop to its environment. Physiologists, biochemists, and molecular biologists can help by identifying ways of improving the competence of particular organs. A promising target is floral infertility resulting from water deficits, which results from lesions in tissue, and cellular and molecular processes. Choosing problems whose solutions will have implications in the field and be attractive to farmers requires knowledge of what is important in the field.
Design and Simulation of Sailcraft Attitude Control Systems Using the Solar Sail Control Toolbox (2004)

A MATLAB-based software tool, called the Solar Sail Control Toolbox, has been developed for solar sail analysis, design and simulation. The toolbox includes functions for multibody dynamic modeling, attitude control systems design, thrust vector control design, orbit analysis, solar sail mission analysis, thermal analysis and power subsystem analysis. Sailcraft models can be created, analyzed and simulated in the toolbox without the need to deal with any other software tools. This paper demonstrates the toolbox by showing how a gossamer sailcraft with a moving mass actuator and spreader bar control system is modeled and simulated. The toolbox couples attitude and orbit dynamics into the same simulations. The user can choose from several different attitude dynamics models, including specially developed multibody models for the moving mass and gimbaled boom control systems, and from several orbit models including point mass, n-body and non-spherical earth. The moving mass, gimbaled boom, and non-spherical earth dynamics are developed in this paper. The moving mass model permits any number of moving masses that are constrained to have one degree of translational freedom. The gimbaled boom model includes two bodies with one two degree-of-freedom hinge following Hooker’s formulation. The interconnected rigid bodies have joints which allow only rotational motion. Both methods explicitly eliminate constrained degrees of freedom. The non-spherical Earth gravitational model employs the recursive non-singular (except r = 0) method of Mueller and Gottlieb. A disturbance modeling package is included which can be used independently or integrated with the solar sail simulations. Environmental disturbances are: optical disturbances including solar pressure radiation, earth albedo and earth radiation; magnetic and radio-frequency torques; thermal; and aerodynamics. This paper includes the mathematical formulations of the disturbances. It is also possible to include user models of components and disturbances, such as sail membrane models with center of pressure/center of mass offsets. Spacecraft models are created using a graphical computer-aided design package that is included in the toolbox. The component information defined in the CAD package is used to generate mass properties and for all disturbance calculations. Component-level data includes optical and thermal properties for the surfaces; mass, center-of-mass, and inertia; and magnetic dipoles, RF sources, etc. Additional information can also be stored with each component so that the CAD file serves as a database for all spacecraft model data. Simulations are script-based. Controllers are implemented digitally and are not part of the simulation right-hand-side.
Development of a new adaptation system for a manual wheelchair based on human body function (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new adaptation system for a manual wheelchair to reduce the load on the upper extremity of the user during wheelchair manipulation and also to increase the efficiency of the wheelchair propulsion. The proposed adaptation system is designed to provide optimal position of the handrim and the desired angular position of seat and backrest of the wheelchair based on the user's body function. Electromyogram signals from the user muscles, heart rate signals, oxygen uptake, amount of applied pressure on the seat and backrest, force/moment applied on the handrim, joint force/moment of the upper extremity and analytical results using the dynamic manipulating force ellipsoid and the driving force contribution figure are used as index parameters for the proposed adaptation system.