gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Renal Disease on Renal Uptake and Excretion of Insulin in Man (1970)

Renal handling of insulin was studied over plasma insulin levels of 6 to 40 μU per milliliter in 13 patients by renal-vein catheterization. The kidney in normal subjects and 7 patients with moderate renal insufficiency — glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over 22.5 ml per minute per kidney per 1.73 M2 — removed 39 ± 4 per cent (SD) of the insulin from arterial plasma. Severe renal insufficiency (GFR less than 6) reduced insulin uptake to 9 per cent in four subjects, two with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Mean GFR in normal subjects was 61 ± 11 (SD) and renal insulin extraction —renal plasma flow (RPF) × % uptake — was 106 ± 28 (SD). These findings suggest that a decreased uptake of insulin by damaged kidneys accounts in part for the diminished insulin requirements seen in patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis and that all the renal uptake of insulin cannot be explained by glomerular filtration alone.
Rare mutations of the growth suppressor genes involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle (1997)

The growth suppressing activity of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, pRb, is down regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) whose activity is negatively regulated by CDK inhibitors of the p16 family. We have previously reported point mutations of the p16/CDKN2 gene in 4 (57%) of 7 oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. In the current study, we examined the mutational status of CDK inhibitors, including 3 genes of the p16 family (p16, p15 and p18), in 50 human oral SCCs, and also additional results concerning their loss of heterozygosity in the regions of the p16, p15 and p18 genes. Our results demonstrated that 2 of 50 (4%) primary oral SCCs had nonsense mutations of the p16 gene, and 2 of 50 (4%) showed frameshift mutations of the p18 gene. However, we detected no mutation of the p15 gene in any of the 50 oral SCCs. In addition, no evidence of hypermethylation of the p16 gene was found in our series. To better understand the extent of alterations affecting chromosomes 9p21 (location of the p15/p16 genes) and 1p32 (location of the p18 gene), loss of heterozysity (LOH) on these locations was examined. LOH was detected in 16 of 34 (47%) informative samples that had no detectable mutation of the p15/p16 genes on 9p21, but we found no LOH at 1p32. These results strongly suggest that a putative tumor suppressor gene for oral SCC may be present on chromosome 9p21-22, while the p16, p15 and p18 genes play a minor role in the oncogenesis of this cancer.
The Impact of Virtual Humans on Psychosomatic Medicine (2023)

Virtual humans can engage and motivate patients, and deliver personalized psychological and behavioral health care. This article provides an overview of the potential impact of virtual humans on psychosomatic medicine and discusses ethical implications.
[Antidepressants and pain]. (2007)

A balanced inhibition of both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake is usually evoked to explain the analgesic action of tricyclic and SNRI antidepressants but other mechanisms able to modulate the chronic pain-induced neuroplasticity may occur. Fundamental and clinical experiments are necessary to confirm the traditional monoaminergic hypothesis, to improve the efficacy of SRI and to better define the criteria of choice of antidepressants. These could open on novel therapeutic approaches for the management of chronic neuropathic pains as, for example the medication combination.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIORGANOSILAOXACYCLOHEXANES AND ACYLOXYBUTYLDIORGANOCHLOROSILANES FROM THEM (1979)

Abstract Das Dimethyl‐ethoxy‐chlorbutoxysilan (I) reagiert mit Mg zu einem Gemisch aus (II), Dimethyl‐sila‐oxa‐cyclohexan (III) und verschiedenen anderen Produkten.
An Expectation Maximization Method for Joint Estimation of Emission Activity Distribution and Photon Attenuation Map in PET (2016)

A maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) method is proposed for joint estimation of emission activity distribution and photon attenuation map from positron emission tomography (PET) emission data alone. The method is appealing since: (i) it guarantees monotonic likelihood increase to a local extremum, (ii) does not require arbitrary parameters, and (iii) guarantees the positivity of the estimated distributions. Moreover, we propose a discrete Poisson data acquisition model and numerical algorithm for: (i) efficient graphics processing unit (GPU) based formulation, and (ii) a closed form exact solution for the MLEM update equations, which is essential for accurate and robust estimation. Numerical experiments indicate that in the presence of noise, joint EMAA estimation converges to the true emission activity distribution with root mean square errors of 4% and 0.5% respectively in estimation of lung- and myocardial emission activity distributions for a computational XCAT thorax phantom.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Undergoes Expression and Activation during Dendritic Remodeling in Adult Hippocampus (2002)

Neurons of adult brain are able to remodel their synaptic connections in response to various stimuli. Modifications of the peridendritic environment, including the extracellular matrix, are likely to play a role during synapse remodeling. Proteolytic disassembly of ECM is a complex process using the regulated actions of specific extracellular proteinases. One of best-characterized families of matrix-modifying enzymes is the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Here, we describe changes in the expression and function of two well known MMPs, MMP-9 and MMP-2, in adult rat brain before and after systemic administration of the glutamate receptor agonist kainate. Kainate application results in enhanced synaptic transmission and seizures followed by selective tissue remodeling, primarily in hippocampal dentate gyrus. MMP-9 but not MMP-2 was highly expressed by neurons in normal adult rat brain. MMP-9 protein was localized in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. Kainate upregulated the level of MMP-9 mRNA and protein within hours after drug administration. This was followed several hours later by MMP-9 enzymatic activation. Within hippocampus, MMP-9 mRNA and activity were increased selectively in dentate gyrus, including its dendritic layer. In addition, MMP-9 mRNA levels decreased in areas undergoing neuronal cell loss. This unique spatiotemporal pattern of MMP-9 expression suggests its involvement in activity-dependent remodeling of dendritic architecture with possible effects on synaptic physiology.
Modal Tailoring And Closed-Form Solutions For Rotating Beams (2013)

In this paper, the free vibration of a rotating Euler-Bernoulli beam is studied using an inverse problem approach. We assume a polynomial mode shape function for a particular mode, which satisfies all the four boundary conditions of a rotating beam, along with the internal nodes. Using this assumed mode shape function, we determine the linear mass and quadratic stiffness variations of the beam which are typical of helicopter blades. Thus, it is found that an infinite number of such beams exist whose fourth order governing differential equation possess a closed form solution for certain polynomial variations of the mass and stiffness, for both cantilever and pinned-free boundary conditions corresponding to hingeless and articulated rotors, respectively. A detailed study is conducted for the second and third mode of a rotating cantilever beam and the first and second elastic mode of a rotating pinned-free beam, and on how to pre-select the internal nodes such that the closed-form solutions exist for these four cases. The derived results can be used as benchmark solutions for the validation of rotating beam numerical methods and may also guide nodal tailoring.
Bistatic MIMO System with Uniform Circular Arc Arrays for Single near Field Target Localization (2018)

Near field sources cannot be located by using far field assumptions without compromising the precision. To solve this issue, many passive near field sources Iocalization techniques have been proposed in the last few decades. There exists a lot of research work in which circular receiving array is used to locate a single near field source in 3D. In this paper, this domain is extended to active Iocalization by proposing a low complexity closed-form method based on least squares estimation to locate a near field target using a bistatic MIMO system with uniform circular arc transmitting and receiving arrays. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is capable to estimate the spherical coordinates of the target and also shows acceptable performance like the most of the existing near field source Iocalization methods.
Statistically Significant Differences in Composition of Petroleum Crude Oils Revealed by Volcano Plots Generated from Ultrahigh Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectra (2018)

A “volcano” plot provides a visual means for identifying statistically significant differences between two populations. Here, we introduce the volcano plot as a means for simple, visual identification and statistical ranking of compositional differences between petroleum crude oils. Ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry yields the relative abundances of ions in each spectrum that contains up to tens of thousands of elemental compositions (CcHhNnOoSs). From that data, a volcano plot may be generated by plotting statistical significance (p-value, obtained from t test) versus log2(relative abundance ratio). The volcano plot data may be color-coded to highlight differences in heteroatom class (NnOoSs), double bond equivalents (DBE = number of rings plus double bonds to carbon), and/or carbon number. The volcano plot may be used either directly or as a “filter” for including only the most statistically significant differences for data entered into more conventional analyses based on DBE vs carbon number, van Krevelen diagram, and Kendrick mass defect plots. In each case, the volcano plot provides statistically significant criteria, rather than visual grouping.
Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra in heavily pigmented individuals as compared to fair‐skinned Caucasians (1996)

The protective role of epidermal melanin pigmentation against chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation is widely accepted, although its photoprotective effect against acute exposure is less certain. In this study, the action spectra of erythema and melanogenesis in heavily pigmented individuals (skin type V) were determined at 295, 305, 315, and 365 nm, and compared with those of skin types I and II. When the erythema and melanogenesis action spectra for skin type V were normalized to 295 nm, they were identical to the corresponding action spectra for fair-skinned individuals, indicating that the photoprotection of epidermal melanin pigmentation is essentially independent of wavelength. The ratio of values for the minimum erythema dose (MED) between skin type V and skin types I and II was 2.29, which is close to the ratio of pigment in these skin types, as measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the visible range. The minimum immediate pigment darkening dose (IPD) and the minimum melanogenic dose (MMD) at 365 nm, and the MED and MMD at 315 nm were the same for all skin types, while the variation of MED for every skin type was maximum at 305 and 365 nm. The results provide circumstantial evidence that erythema and melanogenesis have the same mechanism at short-wavelength UVB (295 and 305 nm), and different mechanisms in UVA (365 nm). Furthermore, the 24 h MED at 305 nm appears to be a sensitive indicator of skin type.
Product integrity assessment using fatigue synthesis for avionics programs (2002)

The thermo-mechanical integrity of an electronics assembly is strongly affected by the attachment method used between functional components and the printed wiring board. The use of solder as an interconnect medium is the most common method in use today. In most applications, solder is required to serve multiple functions including electrical, thermal, and structural connection. Repetitive loads caused by thermal cycling and vibrations result in cyclical thermo-mechanical stresses that often lead to pre-mature fatigue cracking in the solder. Continued exposure to these environments leads to degradation or failure of the solder thereby reducing the hardware's useful life. This paper presents a novel method for predicting the fatigue life of an electronics assembly by analyzing every interconnect using an automated process modeling approach. Modular fatigue based routines, incorporated through a user friendly software tool known as FSAP (Fatigue Synthesis for Avionics Programs), facilitate concurrent design development and optimization relative to the hardware's thermo-mechanical fatigue response. FSAP integrates the global effects from specific usage environments with the detailed design and process features associated with the electronics assembly. An application of FSAP along with comprehensive model validation results from accelerated fatigue life testing is presented for a variety of common interconnect configurations including leaded and non-leaded surface mount components and hybrid/MCM packages.
A non-coding RNA balancing act: miR-346-induced DNA damage is limited by the long non-coding RNA NORAD in prostate cancer (2022)

A balancing act between miR-346 and NORAD regulates DNA damage and repair in PC. miR-346 may be particularly effective as a therapeutic in the context of decreased NORAD observed in advanced PC, and in transcriptionally-hyperactive cancer cells.
Investigation of Endwall Heat Transfer in Staggered Pin Fin Arrays (2020)

Abstract Arrays of staggered pin fins are a typical geometry found in the trailing edge region of modern airfoils. If coolant is supplied by bleeding from the mid-section of the airfoil instead of provided through the root, the channel length is not long enough to reach a fully developed flow which is commonly found from the fifth row downstream. This present study focuses on the developing section (four rows) of a staggered array with a height to diameter ratio of 2 and a spanwise and streamwise spacing of 2.5 respectively. Measurements are conducted at two Reynolds numbers of 10,000 and 30,000 based on the maximum velocity and pin diameter. Stereoscopic PIV is used to describe the flow field and turbulence characteristics in the wake of the first and third row pin. It is found that the dominating vortical structures depend highly on the Reynolds number. A transient thermochromic liquid crystal technique is used to obtain local heat transfer coefficients on the endwall which are then discussed in the context with the vortical structures. The structure of the horseshoe vortex and the transient wake shedding behave differently in the first and second row. The interaction of both vortex systems affects directly the endwall heat transfer. The results are supplemented by a thorough discussion of TLC and PIV uncertainty.
Inactivation of the Antifungal and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Cathelicidin LL-37 by Aspartic Proteases Produced by the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans (2015)

Constant cross talk between Candida albicans yeast cells and their human host determines the outcome of fungal colonization and, eventually, the progress of infectious disease (candidiasis). An effective weapon used by C. albicans to cope with the host defense system is the release of 10 distinct secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs). Here, we validate a hypothesis that neutrophils and epithelial cells use the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to inactivate C. albicans at sites of candidal infection and that C. albicans uses SAPs to effectively degrade LL-37. LL-37 is cleaved into multiple products by SAP1 to -4, SAP8, and SAP9, and this proteolytic processing is correlated with the gradual decrease in the antifungal activity of LL-37. Moreover, a major intermediate of LL-37 cleavage-the LL-25 peptide-is antifungal but devoid of the immunomodulatory properties of LL-37. In contrast to LL-37, LL-25 did not affect the generation of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils upon treatment with phorbol esters. Stimulating neutrophils with LL-25 (rather than LL-37) significantly decreased calcium flux and interleukin-8 production, resulting in lower chemotactic activity of the peptide against neutrophils, which may decrease the recruitment of neutrophils to infection foci. LL-25 also lost the function of LL-37 as an inhibitor of neutrophil apoptosis, thereby reducing the life span of these defense cells. This study indicates that C. albicans can effectively use aspartic proteases to destroy the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of LL-37, thus enabling the pathogen to survive and propagate.
Copolymer-Controlled Diameter-Selective Dispersion of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

The ability of a series of strictly alternating copolymers to selectively enwrap single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is investigated. Seven copolymers comprising either fluorene or carbazole subunits separated by naphthalene, anthracene, and anthraquinone spacers are obtained in good yields via a Suzuki cross-coupling protocol. The 1,5-linked naphthalene, anthracene, and anthraquinone units are introduced to favor a spiral conformation of the polymer backbone in order to improve its SWNT wrapping features. Particularly high yields of polymers are obtained using the naphthalene-1,5-ditriflate precursor, highlighting the potential of bifunctional aryltriflates as precursors of copolymers. All polymers disperse HiPco SWNTs in toluene. The obtained dispersions are purified by density gradient centrifugation and their compositions are analyzed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In their dispersing ability the polymers display more or less pronounced SWNT diameter selectivity. In particular, poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene-2,7-diyl-alt-anthracene-1,5-diyl) (P2) exhibits a strong selectivity toward SWNTs having a diameter of ≥0.95 nm, including close-to-zigzag nanotubes. SWNT dispersions of P2 are further analyzed by absorbance and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The diameter selectivity is attributed to the anthracene-1,5-diyl subunit. In order to combine diameter selectivity with the preference for large chiral angles as shown by polyfluorene, the number of fluorene subunits in the polymer backbone is doubled in P7. Indeed, to some extent, the combination of both selectivities is observed in its dispersing behavior.
STANDARD PLANS : STATE OF CALIFORNIA, BUSINESS, TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (2004)

This document contains standard plans for general road work, bridges roadside and overhead signs, and, signals, lighting and electrical systems. This is the fourth edition of the Standard Plans and is based on metric values using the International System of Units (SI).
A Multimedia Storytelling in a Rural Village: The Show Taiwan e-Tourism Service Using Tablet Technologies (2014)

In this study, we have demonstrated an integrated approach to produce a digital storytelling for a rural village by an e-Tourism Service. The location-based Show Taiwan e-Tourism Service has a salient feature of making thematic, interactive multimedia stories by using photographs, audios and video clips. For the practical purpose, we have invited the local experts to join and to share the domain knowledge during the process of content-production. We have also adopted the creative thinking spiral and the concept of living lab to enhance and to enrich the quality of the service in order to provide a situated learning environment for further educational contents for elementary school students.
A software-radio front-end for microwave applications (2003)

At microwave frequencies, in particular at frequencies beyond 10 GHz, no direct sampling receivers are available yet A look at the roadmap of the development of commercial analog-to-digital converters (ADC) shows clearly, that they can neither be expected in near future. We present a novel architecture, which is capable of direct sampling of band-limited signals at frequencies beyond 10 GHz by means of in over-sampling technique. The well-known Nyquist criterion states that wide-band digitisation of an RF-signal with a maximum frequency f requires a minimum sampling rate of 2/spl middot/f. But for a band-limited signal of bandwidth B the demands for the minimum sampling rate of the ADC relax to the value 2/spl middot/B. Employing a noise-forming sigma-delta ADC architecture even with a 1-bit-ADC a signal-to-noise ratio sufficient for many applications can be achieved. The key component of this architecture is the sample-and-hold switch. The required bandwidth of this switch must be well above 2/spl middot/f. We designed, fabricated and characterized a preliminary demonstrator for the ISM-band at 2.4 GHz employing silicon Schottky diodes as a switch and SiGe-based MMICs as impedance transformers and comparators. Simulated and measured results are presented.
Effect of MRSA Irradiation by 632, 532, and 405 nm (Red, Blue, and Green) Diode Lasers on Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests (2017)

خلفية العلمية: منذ اكتشاف البنسلين وحتى الآن تعتبر المضادات الحيوية أهم الطرق في علاج الالتهابات البكتيرية على رغم التطور السريع للمقاومة البكتيرية للعديد من المضادات الحيوية على مدى عقود. المكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلين (MRSA) احد الامثلة على ذلك، حيث اظهر هذا النوع مقاومة لجميع فئات المضادات الحيوية المستخدمة الحاليا. لحسن الحظ، أثبتت العديد من الدراسات امكانية استخدام العلاج بالضوء (phototherapy) باعتبارها من الطرق الواعدة لدعم عمل المضادات الحيوية في المجالات السريرية. الأهداف: الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم تأثير ثلاثة أطوال موجية لألليزر (الأحمر والأزرق والأخضر) ذو كثافة الطاقة 50 ميغاواط على حساسية العزلات السريرية للمكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلين. المواد وطرق العمل: 45 عزلة سريرية مشخصة للمكورات العنقودية الذهبية المقاومة للميثيسيلين شععت بثلاث اطوال موجية&nbsp; 632، 532، و 405 نانومتر (الأحمر والأزرق والأخضر) من ليزر الصمام الثنائي. تم تحديد اختبار الحساسية مع 12 المضادات الحيوية عن طريق انتشارمضادات الحياة بالقرص والحد الأدنى للتركيز المثبط للمضاد الحياة. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج زيادة ملحوظة في منطقة عدم النمو للمضادات الحيوية ولجميع العزلات بعد المعاملة باليزرات &nbsp;الثلاث، وخاصة بالنسبة لاليزر ذو الطول الموجي الاحمر الذي كان أكثرها فعالية من الليزران ذوا الطول الموجي الأزرق والأخضر على التوالي. كذلك قللت المعاملة باليزر من جرعة المضادات الحيوية اللازمة&nbsp; لتثبيط نمو المكورات العنقودية الذهبية، و كذلك كان للطول الموجي الأحمر الفعالية الاكبر من بين الليزران الازرق و الاخضر. الاستنتاج: ليزرالاطوال الموجية للطيف المرئي (الأحمر والأزرق والأخضر) لها فعل مؤازر لتأثير المضادات الحيوية ضد بكتريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبية.
Low-power dual-edge triggered state-retention scan flip-flop (2010)

This study presents a dual-edge triggered static scanable flip-flop suitable for low-power applications. The proposed circuit deploys reduced swing-clock and swing-data to manage dynamic power. Furthermore, it employs clock- and power-gating during idle mode to eliminate dynamic power and reduce static power, while retaining its state. The static structure of the circuit makes it feasible to be used in variable frequency power control designs. HSPICE post-layout simulation conducted for 90 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology indicates that in addition to state retention and test capability, the proposed design, in terms of power-delay product, device count and leakage power is comparable to other high-performance flip-flops.