gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyramidal appearance and resistive index: insensitive and nonspecific sonographic indicators of renal transplant rejection. (1990)

Renal transplantation patients undergoing biopsy were examined with duplex Doppler sonography to establish the sensitivity and specificity of this technique in the detection of rejection. The study population consisted of 89 consecutive patients, who received renal transplants 1 week to 17 years before our examination and underwent 96 core needle biopsies within 24 hr of sonography. The resistive index (RI), defined as the difference between the peak systolic and end diastolic flow velocities divided by the peak systolic velocity (expressed as a percentage), was measured in the main, segmental, interlobar, and arcuate renal arteries. Furthermore, the prominence of the renal pyramids, as determined by their size and echogenicity, was prospectively evaluated. Biopsy was used to establish diagnosis, but in cases of equivocal results, hospital course was the final arbiter. The most frequent diagnoses in the patients were acute rejection (41 patients) and chronic rejection (19 patients). Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis established that, regardless of the vessel in which it was measured, the use of RI to assign a diagnosis of acute rejection was no better than establishing this in a random manner. We did note, however, that patients with chronic rejection or cyclosporine toxicity were unlikely to have RIs greater than 80%. We further found that prominent pyramids were neither sensitive nor specific in the detection of acute rejection and that prominent pyramids were not correlated with elevated RI.
Study of fringing-field effects on the capacitance of a dielectric disk with a circular conducting hole (1993)

The capacitance of a thin dielectric sheet with a conducting hole is strongly influenced by the fringe effects around the edges of the hole, particularly when the hole size beomes comparable to the size of the sheet. We present here a numerical study of this situation. By a finite-difference scheme, the potential, field, and surface-charge densities in and around the hole are calculated. The sharp edge of the hole represents a singularity, and the asymptotic behavior of the field and surface-charge densities in the vicinity of the singular point are discussed both analytically and numerically. It is found that the scaled difference between a numerical simulation and the simple parallel-plate-capacitor formula changes with the relative size of the hole in a composite power-law relation.
Frequency Response Capability of Full Converter Wind Turbine Generators in Comparison to Conventional Generation (2008)

With an increased number of wind turbine generators (WTGs) connected to an electricity network the system operator may request that they participate in frequency control in the event of a sudden unbalancing of power generated and consumed on the system. In this paper the frequency response capability of the full converter variable speed wind turbine generator (FCWTG) with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is investigated. A control scheme is developed that improves the frequency control performance, illustrating the importance of the initial active power output of the FCWTG. A method of carefully ending the frequency support of a wind farm is proposed and simulated. The resulting frequency control performance compares favorably to that of a conventional synchronous generator plant.
Structure of a novel protonated oxadiazine: an unusual heterocycle from the cycloaddition of a ketone with nitriles (1996)

An X-ray crystal structure identifies the novel 6-membered heterocycle 3 containing two nitrogens, an oxygen, a dipositive charge and π-electron delocalisation over 5 ring atoms and 2 exocyclic nitrogens.
Generalized Private Selection and Testing with High Confidence (2022)

Composition theorems are general and powerful tools that facilitate privacy accounting across multiple data accesses from per-access privacy bounds. However they often result in weaker bounds compared with end-to-end analysis. Two popular tools that mitigate that are the exponential mechanism (or report noisy max) and the sparse vector technique, generalized in a recent private selection framework by Liu and Talwar (STOC 2019). In this work, we propose a flexible framework of private selection and testing that generalizes the one proposed by Liu and Talwar, supporting a wide range of applications. We apply our framework to solve several fundamental tasks, including query releasing, top-k selection, and stable selection, with improved confidence-accuracy tradeoffs. Additionally, for online settings, we apply our private testing to design a mechanism for adaptive query releasing, which improves the sample complexity dependence on the confidence parameter for the celebrated private multiplicative weights algorithm of Hardt and Rothblum (FOCS 2010).
Inactivation of the Lipid-Containing Bacteriophage PM2 by Butylated Hydroxytoluene (1975)

Several factors have been investigated which are of significance in the inactivation of PM2, a lipid-containing bacterial virus, by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Studies of the time dependence of inactivation during exposure to BHT showed that virus killing occurs rapidly, with the majority of the effect taking place in the first 5 min. The degree of inactivation is dependent upon the initial virus titer, the solvent from which BHT is added, and the presence of a variety of protective agents, including surfactants, bovine serum albumin, and bacterial cells. Sucrose gradient analysis of (32)P-labeled, BHT-treated virus was used to determine the degree to which the virion is disrupted by BHT. These experiments show that the (32)P-labeled molecules are converted into very slowly sedimentable material by BHT treatment, indicating complete destruction of the virus particle.
The Ni-Al-Hf Multiphase Diffusion (2016)

Abstract The generalized Darken method was applied to simulate the diffusion between γ-Ni| γ’-Ni 3 Al and γ’-Ni 3 Al|β-NiAl interfaces. The results of calculations were compared with the experimental concentration’s profiles of nickel, aluminum and hafnium in aluminide and hafnium doped aluminide coatings deposited by the CVD and PVD methods on pure nickel. The method deals with the Wagner’s integral diffusion coefficients and thermodynamic data - activities of components. The experimental results agree with the simulated ones.
Role of defects in the sensing mechanism of CNTFET gas sensors (2020)

In nanotechnology, understanding the effect of interfaces and defects becomes critically important in determining a material's properties and device performance. Many one-dimensional and two-dimensional materials exhibit excellent physical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties, making them highly desirable for a wide array of applications. However, their low dimensionality also means their performance can be susceptible to defects in the material and the interfaces they form with other device components. Carbon nanotubes are often used in sensing applications, typically, in a field-effect transistor configuration (CNTFET). The interface between the contact electrode metal and the nanotube forms a Schottky barrier, which plays an important role in both transistor and sensor characteristics. Modifications to this interface by the environment can modulate the barrier and produce a change in device characteristics. Transistor operation can also be modified by the presence of defects in the carbon nanotube sidewall structure. This paper explores how defects in single-wall carbon nanotubes can affect the sensing mechanism of CNTFET gas sensing devices. Gas exposure measurements were performed on as-grown near pristine (low defect) nanotube devices and compared with plasma irradiated, highly defective nanotube devices. By utilizing selective passivation to isolate structural components that contribute to the sensing mechanism, the study shows that the presence of defects, and their relative densities, has a critical role in gas sensing performance. Recognizing the presence of these defects, even in as-grown nanotubes, can help reconcile seemingly contradictory results in the literature regarding the gas sensing mechanism. This work represents an important step toward understanding the effect of both interfaces and defects for carbon nanotube sensor development.
Recommendation as a service (RaaS): New challenges for, and evaluation metrics of recommender systems (2013)

Advertisement turns into recommendation, web services become independent apps, and mobile devices enforce context awareness. Recommendation as a Service (RaaS) turns into an independent application-based business. By analyzing the trends, the paper introduces a multi-dimensional evaluation scheme to characterize recommender systems. The chart is applied to different research implementations, emphasizing their specifics. Requirements and trends for the future are derived.
Corneal endothelial dysfunction in Pearson syndrome (2011)

Mitochondrial disorders are associated with well recognized ocular manifestations. Pearson syndrome is an often fatal, multisystem, mitochondrial disorder that causes variable bone marrow, hepatic, renal and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. Phenotypic progression of ocular disease in a 12-year-old male with Pearson syndrome is described. This case illustrates phenotypic drift from Pearson syndrome to Kearns-Sayre syndrome given the patient's longevity. Persistent corneal endothelial failure was noted in addition to ptosis, chronic external ophthalmoplegia and mid-peripheral pigmentary retinopathy. We propose that corneal edema resulting from corneal endothelial metabolic pump failure occurs within a spectrum of mitochondrial disorders.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Sections in Legal Briefs. (2011)

With an abundance of legal documents now available in electronic format, legal scholars and practitioners are in need of systems able to search and quantify semantic details of these documents. A key challenge facing designers of such systems, however, is that the majority of these documents are natural language streams lacking formal structure or other explicit semantic information. In this research, we describe a two-stage supervised learning approach for automatically identifying section boundaries and types in appellee briefs. Our approach uses learned classifiers in a two-stage process to categorize white-space separated blocks of text. First, we use a binary classifier to predict whether or not a text block is a section header. Next, we classify those blocks predicted to be section headers in the first stage into one of 19 section types. A cross-validation experiment shows our approach has over 90% accuracy on both tasks, and is significantly more accurate than baseline methods.
[Urogenital pathology in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and ischemic heart disease]. (2008)

The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and clinical features of renal dysfunction and urogenital system disorders in 956 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and/or coronary heart disease (CHD). COLD was diagnosed in 346 patients (group 1), COLD and CHD in 402 (group 2), CHD in 211 (group 3). The methods included X-ray studies (survey and excretory urography), functional diagnostics (ECG, Doppler cardiography, assessment of external respiration, abdominal, renal, and bladder ultrasound, measurements of residual urine, transrectal and transabdominal examination of prostate). The glomerular filtration rate was estimated using Cockcrofft-Gault and MDRD formulas and Rerberg- Tareev method, renal hemodynamics by duplex scanning of renal arteries. Inflammatory urogenital diseases were most frequently diagnosed in group 2 (chronic cystitis 83.8%, chronic pyelonephritis 73.9%). Diabetic nephropathy common in this group (25.4%) was related to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in these patients (37.8%) compared with 26.3 and 29.9% in groups 1 and 3 respectively. Ischemic renal disease occurred in every tenth patient of group 2 or much more frequently than in groups 1 and 3. This suggests additive COLD and CHD effect on the atherosclerotic process. The combination of these diseases was responsible for a large fraction of patients with chronic renal insufficiency in group 2 (45%). It is concluded that concomitant urogenital pathology in patients with COLD results in mutual aggravation of the clinical course of the two diseases and requires additional examination and obligatory medicamentous correction.
Real-time Visualization of High-Dynamic-Range Infrared Images based on Human Perception Characteristics - Noise Removal, Image Detail Enhancement and Time Consistency (2015)

This paper presents an image detail enhancement and noise removal method that accounts for the limitations on human’s perception to effectively visualize high-dynamic-range (HDR) infrared (IR) images. In order to represent real world scenes, IR images use to be represented by a HDR that generally exceeds the working range of common display devices (8 bits). Therefore, an effective HDR compression without loosing the perceptibility of details is needed. We herein propose a practical approach to effectively map raw IR images to 8 bit data representation. To do so, we propose an image processing pipeline based on two main steps. First, the raw IR image is split into base and detail image components using the guided filter (GF). The base image corresponds to the resulting edge-preserving smoothed image. The detail image results from the difference between the raw and base images, which is further masked using the linear coefficients of the GF, an indicator of the spatial detail. Then, we filter the working range of the HDR along time to avoid global brightness fluctuations in the final 8 bit data representation, which results from combining both detail and base image components using a local adaptive gamma correction (LAGC). The last has been designed according to the human vision characteristics. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach significantly enhances image details in addition to improving the contrast of the entire image. Finally, the high performance of the proposed approach makes it suitable for real word applications.
Parental micronutrient deficiency distorts liver DNA methylation and expression of lipid genes associated with a fatty-liver-like phenotype in offspring (2018)

Micronutrient status of parents can affect long term health of their progeny. Around 2 billion humans are affected by chronic micronutrient deficiency. In this study we use zebrafish as a model system to examine morphological, molecular and epigenetic changes in mature offspring of parents that experienced a one-carbon (1-C) micronutrient deficiency. Zebrafish were fed a diet sufficient, or marginally deficient in 1-C nutrients (folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, methionine, choline), and then mated. Offspring livers underwent histological examination, RNA sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Parental 1-C micronutrient deficiency resulted in increased lipid inclusion and we identified 686 differentially expressed genes in offspring liver, the majority of which were downregulated. Downregulated genes were enriched for functional categories related to sterol, steroid and lipid biosynthesis, as well as mitochondrial protein synthesis. Differential DNA methylation was found at 2869 CpG sites, enriched in promoter regions and permutation analyses confirmed the association with parental feed. Our data indicate that parental 1-C nutrient status can persist as locus specific DNA methylation marks in descendants and suggest an effect on lipid utilization and mitochondrial protein translation in F<sub>1</sub> livers. This points toward parental micronutrients status as an important factor for offspring health and welfare.
수처리를 위한 활성탄과 흑연 복합 전극의 축전식 이온제거 (2009)

In this work, electrosoptive deionization electrodes were compared with activated carbon electrode and MCMB (Mesocarbon Microbeads) of graphite electrode, activated carbon electrode added MCMB. Especially, activated carbon had high specific surface area and MCMB had layer distance of 3.351 Å. The CDI unit system containing a pair of activated carbon (70 wt%) : MCMB (20 wt%) composite electrodes showed the maximum ion removal efficiency at the largest ion removal efficiency. The electrochemical properties of the prepared electrodes were investigated to compare physical characterization of the electrode and capacitance by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge test and ion chromatography for quantitatives analysis. Based on the results, it was evaluated that the CDI process using activated carbon (70 wt%) : MCMB (20 wt%) composite electrodes promised to be an effective technology for waste water treatment.
Dry Eye Disease: Emerging Approaches to Disease Analysis and Therapy (2019)

Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common ocular disorders affecting tens of millions of individuals worldwide; however, the condition remains incompletely understood and treated. Valuable insights have emerged from multidisciplinary approaches, including immunometabolic analyses, microbiome analyses, and bioengineering. Furthermore, we have seen new developments in clinical assessment approaches and treatment strategies in the recent past. Here, we review the emerging frontiers in the pathobiology and clinical management of DED.
Structural Systematics and Topological Analysis of Coordination Polymers with Divalent Metals and a Glycine-Derived Tripodal Phosphonocarboxylate (2014)

A novel family of four hybrid metal phosphonate coordination polymers is reported that are constructed from divalent metal ions (Ca, Sr, Ba, and Pb) and BPMGLY (bis-phosphonomethylglycine, a phosphonated derivative of glycine). These compounds (and their compositions) are Ca-BPMGLY (CaBPMGLY·H2O), Sr-BPMGLY (SrBPMGLY·H2O), Ba-BPMGLY (Ba3.5(BPMGLY)2·6H2O), and Pb-BPMGLY (PbBPMGLY·H2O). They were obtained by hydrothermal reactions in acidic aqueous solutions (pH range 2.3–5.7) and fully characterized by physicochemical methods and structural analysis. Ca-BPMGLY, Sr-BPMGLY, and Pb-BPMGLY have very similar 3D coordination polymer structures, and the latter two are isostructural. In contrast to the Ca, Sr, and Pb analogs, Ba-BPMGLY possesses a different 2D layered network. These four new compounds, together with our previously reported 2D coordination polymer Mg-BPMGLY (MgBPMGLY·2H2O, Demadis et al. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 7889–7896), were topologically classified revealing (i) the uninodal 3-connected net with the hcb topology in Mg-BPMGLY, (ii) the uninodal 5-connected nets with the bnn and vbj topology in Ca-BPMGLY and Sr-BPMGLY, respectively, and (iii) the very complex topologically unique hexanodal 4,4,6,6,7,8-connected net in Ba-BPMGLY. The vbj topology was also identified in the related Pb-BPMGLY 3D framework. These topological features show that the complexity of BPMGLY-driven 2D and 3D metal–organic networks increases periodically following the Mg < Ca ≤ Sr ≪ Ba trend.
Neutron spin echo evidence of mesoscopic spin correlations among Fe(Cu) ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a silver diamagnetic matrix (2007)

We show that the neutron spin echo technique provides direct evidence of the interparticle spin correlations in the magnetic relaxation of a heterogeneous material of nanometric $4.6(1)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ ferromagnetic Fe(Cu) particles, randomly embedded in a silver diamagnetic matrix. At the mesoscopic level sampled by neutron spin echo, a transition around $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is found, with an increased magnetic anisotropy. The small Fe(Cu) interparticle distance $(\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ triggers giant spin dipolar interactions in a metallic matrix in which the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida coupling is negligible.
MAP kinase activation during heat shock in quiescent and exponentially growing mammalian cells (1993)

In numerous cases of signal transduction, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) or extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs) are found to be activated by phosphorylations which result in electrophoretic mobility changes. Activities of MAP kinases in cytosolic extracts can also be monitored by the capacity of such extracts to phosphorylate myelin basic protein. These two assays were used to demonstrate that MAP kinases were rapidly activated during heat shock of both quiescent and exponentially growing mammalian (hamster, rat, mouse and human) cells. Thus, the MAP kinase cascade is likely to also ensure heat-shock signal transduction and contribute to the regulation of the complex array of metabolic changes designated as the heat-shock response.
Concordance of Specific Human Papillomavirus Types in Sex Partners Is More Prevalent than Would Be Expected by Chance and Is Associated with Increased Viral Loads (2005)

In sexually active couples, HPV type concordance was more prevalent than expected by chance and was associated with increased viral loads. These data provide biological support for HPV transmission between sex partners.
A phase I trial of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (TEM) in combination with capecitabine (CAP) in patients with advanced malignancies. (2012)

3095 Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is critical for cell growth and proliferation. mTOR antagonists, such as TEM, have proven anti-cancer efficacy. Pre-clinical models and early phase clinical trials have demonstrated increased efficacy when an mTOR antagonist is combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced malignancies and adequate hepatic and renal function were eligible for enrollment. An alternating dose escalation of TEM and CAP was employed in separate q2week and q3week arms. Planned dose levels were: TEM 15 and 25mg IV weekly; and CAP 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/m 2 orally twice daily (BID). Restaging occurred every 4 cycles for the q2week arm, and every 3 cycles for the q3week arm. PK samples assessed serum levels of sirolimus at Day 0, 8, and 15 of the q2week arm. Archived tumor specimens were assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of phospho-AKT, phospo-4EBP1, phoshpo-p70S6, and PTEN. Results: Thirty-two pts were enrolled, 30 of whom were evaluable for toxicity, of which 18 were male, age range 30-72 years, 25 with colorectal cancer. Pts had received an average of 4 prior lines of therapy. The most common adverse events (AEs) were mucositis and fatigue. The most common grade 3/4 AEs were fatigue (n=4), diarrhea (n=2), and hypophosphatemia (n=2). In 16/30 pts, the dose of CAP was reduced. There were two DLTs, both hypophosphatemia in the q3week arm (TEM=25mg and CAP=1000mg/m 2 ). For the q2week arm, the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) was TEM 25 mg + CAP 1000mg/m 2 . For the q3week arm, the RP2D was TEM 25mg + CAP 750mg/m 2 . Twenty-five pts were evaluable for response (18 for OS). There were no PRs or CRs, but 14/25 pts (56%) had SD, with 4/24 (16%) having prolonged SD of &gt;6 months. Median TTP and OS were 3 and 7 months, respectively. Five pts are still on study. PK assessment of serum sirolimus levels, and the results of the IHC on archived tumor samples will be presented. Conclusions: The combination of TEM and CAP is safe on both a q2week and a q3week schedule. The combination demonstrated promising evidence of disease control in this highly refractory population and should be tested in disease-specific phase II trials.