gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic Layer Deposition of MgO Using Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium and H2O (2009)

Magnesium oxide (MgO) atomic layer deposition (ALD) was performed using sequential exposures of bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesium (Mg(CpEt)2) and H2O. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements monitored the mass deposition during MgO ALD and verified self-limiting reactions for each reactant. Extremely efficient reactions were observed that required reactant exposures of only ∼1 × 104 L (1 L = 1 × 10−6 Torr s). X-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies were used to confirm the QCM measurements and determine the film density and film thicknesses. The MgO ALD film density was 3.07 g/cm3. The largest MgO ALD growth per cycle was 1.42 Å/cycle at 150 °C and the growth per cycle decreased for temperatures >150 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the CpEt* and OH* surface species during MgO ALD and also to monitor the bulk vibrational modes of the growing MgO films. Transmission electron microscopy of MgO ALD on ZrO2 nanoparticles revealed the conformality of the MgO films and confirmed the growth per cycle observed by the XRR studies. X-ray diffraction determined that the MgO ALD films were crystalline and consistent with the cubic phase. Rutherford backscattering determined that the Mg:O stoichiometry of the MgO ALD films was 0.95:1.05. The results allowed a growth mechanism to be established for MgO ALD using Mg(CpEt)2 and H2O. Only 30.8% of the Mg sites are observed to retain the CpEt* surface species after the Mg(CpEt)2 exposure. The efficient ALD of MgO using Mg(CpEt)2 and H2O should be useful for a variety of applications including the conformal coating of particles.
Analysis of nifursol residues in turkey and chicken meat using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2005)

Nifursol (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (5-nitrofurfurylidene) hydrazide) is mainly used as a feed additive for the prevention of blackhead disease in turkeys. The objective of the present work was to establish information on nifursol residues in turkey and chicken meat. The analytical method was based on conversion of nifursol and its metabolites with an intact 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (DNSH) side chain to the 2-nitrophenyl analogue of nifursol (NPDNSH) by treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Nifuroxazide (salicylic acid (5-nitrofurfurylidene) hydrazide) added as an internal standard was converted to the 2-nitrophenyl analogue NPSH. After the addition of ammonia, proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column and negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was employed using m/z 183 and 226 (daughter ions of the NPDNSH phenolate ion m/z 374) for quantification and m/z 93 (daughter ion of the NPSH phenolate ion m/z 284) as a retention time reference. The decision limit (CCa) and detection capability (CCbeta) of the analytical method were 0.05 and 0.08 microg kg(-1), respectively. In the range 0.5-1 microg kg(-1), the repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility and trueness were 8, 11 and -1%, respectively. A total of 37 samples of turkey meat and 16 samples of chicken meat were purchased at retail outlets in early spring, summer and winter 2003, and analysed for nifursol residues. No residues were found in the chicken samples, but nine of 18 samples of turkey meat collected in the spring had between 0.05 and 0.6 microg kg(-1) (average 0.25 microg kg(-1)) nifursol residues.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA OF PAVEMENT USING TELLESTRIAL LASE SCANNING AND ITS USAGE FOR MAINTENANCE (2020)

道路構造物は経年過による損傷などの不具合が問題となっており，適切な点検や補修による維持管理が重要である．道路維持管理では2次元データの利用が主流となっていたが，点検者が点検箇所を把握しづらいことや現場の状況を正しく理解できないことがあり，2次元データのみで点検や損傷の状況を理解することは難しい．そこで，点群データを用いて，道路維持管理の高度化を期待できる．本研究では，3次元データを用いた舗装の維持管理の環境を構築するために，地上型レーザスキャナを用いて舗装面を計測して，3次元データを構築し，その精度を評価した．その結果，舗装面の3次元データの結合箇所における点間距離の平均誤差は約3.7～4.7mmであり，勾配は実空間と同程度の値であった．そして，3次元データを点検や補修の情報の管理基盤とする舗装維持管理システムにおける機能を検討した．
320 x 240 microbolometer uncooled IRFPA development (2000)

LETI LIR has been involved in amorphous silicon uncooled microbolometer development for a few years. This silicon IR detection is now well mastered and matured so that industrial transfer LETI/LIR technology is performed towards Sofradir. Industrial production of 320x240 microbolometer array with 45 micrometers pitch is now started. After a short description of the technology and the readout circuit architecture we focus on device reliability which is the key point for microbolometer application. Methodology for reliability enhancement is described. First results obtained on amorphous silicon reliability are presented. Electro-optical results obtained from an IRCMOS 320x240 with 45 micrometers pitch are presented. NEDT close to 70 mK can be obtained with our standard microbolometer amorphous silicon technology.
Adaptation and Enhancement of Generalized Polynomial Chaos for Industrial Applications (2015)

Abstract This contribution presents ideas, how to adapt stochastic elements to industrial applications and reduce the number of simulations in comparison to Monte Carlo. Especially when the mathematical model equations are not known and just an input/output interface is given. For this so called black box model which can be generated by many simulation tools the generalized polynomial chaos based on the idea of Wiener [1], and extended by Xiu and Karniadakis [2] is a suitable technique. One main advantage of this concept can be seen in the ability to produce functional representations of stochastic variability. This yields in a reduction of the simulation number compared to classical methods and can intensified by using a sparse grids approach [3]. Looking at industrial applications the concept can be applied to a huge amount of systems. For example, components including electronic drives, fuel injection valves, and mechanical parts. As an example of use, a simplified model of a DC drive with six uncertain parameters is taken into account. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract 1: Effect of Under-recognition on Angina Treatment in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in Cardiology Outpatients: Seeing Eye to Eye is Key (2016)

Background: Clinical inertia in treating stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), the phenomenon of not intensifying treatment, may occur more often when clinicians fail to accurately estimate patients’ symptoms. We hypothesized that under-recognition of angina would be associated with less treatment escalation in SIHD patients. Methods: Cardiology outpatients with SIHD were recruited from a 25-site US registry and each completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Physicians independently quantified patients’ angina at end of visit, blinded to patients’ SAQ scores. Among patients who reported angina, under-recognition was defined as the physician reporting a lower frequency of angina than the patient. Based on providers’ management plan at end of visit, patients were divided into treatment escalation and no treatment escalation groups. Treatment escalation was defined as up-titration or addition of anti-anginal medication (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, ranolazine), diagnostic/invasive testing or treatment (CT angiogram, stress test, cardiac catheterization, PCI, CABG), or hospital admission. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association of under-recognition with treatment escalation, independent of patient demographic and clinical characteristics, including the severity of angina. Results: Of 1257 outpatients with SIHD, 411 reported angina of whom 178 (43.3%) were under-recognized by providers. Treatment escalation occurred in 106 (25.8%) patients with angina, of whom 28 (26.4%) were managed with medication up-titration, 67 (63.2%) with diagnostic/invasive testing and 11 (10.4%) with both. Patients with under-recognized angina were less likely to get treatment escalation (8.4% vs 34.1%, p=***), regardless if patients reported daily, weekly or monthly angina (Figure). In the multivariable model, under-recognition of angina remained strongly associated with a lack of treatment escalation (adjusted OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.24, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Under-recognition of patient’s angina in the outpatient setting is common and leads to markedly less frequent treatment escalation. Using validated tools to support clinicians’ recognition of patients’ angina should be considered to improve care and outcomes.
Two Kinds of Martensitic Transformations in thin Foils of an Fe&ndash;32.8 mass%Ni Alloy (1982)

Two kinds of martensites (stress-induced and thermally-formed) in thin foils of an Fe–328 mass%Ni alloy (Ms∼170 K) have been investigated by means of electron microscopy and diffraction. The stress-induced martensite is observed in as-electropolished thin foils at room temperature, and only in the neighborhood of cracks or edges of the thin foils. Sometimes, the stress-induced martensite is accompanied by fcc twins, which appear as if they were martensite nuclei. The thermally-formed martensite is observed in thin foils cooled below Ms, and in the inner part of the thin foils. Both the martensites exhibit irregular interfaces and internal {112}M twins, but the distribution of the twins is different from each other. The stress-induced martensite exhibits the Kurdjumov-Sacks orientation relationship for the austenite matrix, whereas the thermally-formed one does the Nishiyama’s. The thermally-formed martensite exhibits another orientation relationship, (111)A⁄⁄(101)M and [\bar1\bar12]A⁄⁄[14\bar1]M, which is in a {112}M twin relation with the Nishiyama’s and is for internal twins of the martensite.
Introduction to the diagnosis and classification of monocytic‐lineage leukemias by flow cytometry (2015)

Despite diagnostic criteria are currently available for the distinct subtypes of monocytic-lineage neoplasias, a number of partially overlapping features still remain evident, which may hamper their differential diagnosis. An accurate identification and characterization of monocytic cells is of major relevance for the diagnosis and classification of these neoplasias. In this regard, as compared to other conventional techniques, flow cytometry has shown the highest sensitivity for detection of early monocytic commitment of (normal and neoplastic) bone marrow CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic precursors as well as of monocytic aberrations and maturation blockades, which are frequently associated with clonal myeloid disorders. In the present paper we provide basic principles and criteria for multiparameter flow cytometry identification and characterization of bone marrow monocytic cells that contribute to an improved diagnostic and classification of monocytic lineage-associated acute leukemias in clinical settings, particularly when using the EuroFlow antibody panels. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Integrated karyotyping of sorghum by in situ hybridization of landed BACs (2002)

The reliability of genome analysis and proficiency of genetic manipulation are increased by assignment of linkage groups to specific chromosomes, placement of centromeres, and orientation with respect to telomeres. We have endeavored to establish means to enable these steps in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), the genome of which contains ca. 780 Mbp spread across n = 10 chromosomes. Our approach relies on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and integrated structural genomic resources, including large-insert genomic clones in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. To develop robust FISH probes, we selected sorghum BACs by association with molecular markers that map near the ends of linkage groups, in regions inferred to be high in recombination. Overall, we selected 22 BACs that encompass the 10 linkage groups. As a prelude to development of a multiprobe FISH cocktail, we evaluated BAC-derived probes individually and in small groups. Biotin- and digoxygenin-labeled probes were made directly from the BAC clones and hybridized in situ to chromosomes without using suppressive unlabelled C0t-1 DNA. Based on FISH-signal strength and the relative degree of background signal, we judged 19 BAC-derived probes to be satisfactory. Based on their relative position, and collective association with all 10 linkage groups, we chose 17 of the 19 BACs to develop a 17-locus probe cocktail for dual-color detection. FISH of the cocktail allowed simultaneous identification of all 10 chromosomes. The results indicate that linkage and physical maps of sorghum allow facile selection of BAC clones according to position and FISH-signal quality. This capability will enable development of a high-quality molecular cytogenetic map and an integrated genomics system for sorghum, without need of chromosome flow sorting or microdissection. Moreover, transgeneric FISH experiments suggest that the sorghum system might be applicable to other Gramineae.
Nuclear resonant forward scattering of synchrotron radiation from 121 Sb at 37.13 keV (2006)

We report on the observation of nuclear resonant forward scattering of synchrotron radiation from 121 Sb nuclei. A temperature stabilized -Al2O3 crystal Bragg backscattering high-resolution monochromator with a relative energy resolution of 2 10 -7 was introduced. As first spectroscopic applications the hyperfine parameters in Sb2O3, USb and DySb were determined. The energy of the nuclear transition in 121 Sb was measured to be 37.1298(2) keV, 40 times more precisely than reported before. The results open the field of nuclear resonance spectroscopy on antimony compounds taking advantage of the outstanding features of 3rd-generation synchrotron sources. Nuclear resonance scattering on Sb compounds at these sources allows element-specific dynamical studies on thermoelectric materials as well as studies on magnetism in micro-and nanometer dimensional systems like spintronic devices.
Altering Renneting pH Changes Microstructure, Cell Distribution, and Lysis of Lactococcus lactis AM2 in Cheese Made from Ultrafiltered Milk (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate the lysis of a highly autolytic strain of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris AM2 in a model cheese made from concentrated ultrafiltered milk. From the same initial ultrafiltered retentate inoculated with L. lactis AM2, 5 cheeses were made by the addition of rennet at different pH values (6.6, 6.2, 5.8, 5.4, and 5.2). Lysis was monitored by measurement of the release of lactate dehydrogenase, an intracellular marker enzyme, and by immunodetection of intracellular proteins with species-specific antibodies. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to investigate the cheese microstructure by staining for protein and fat. Dual staining with a bacterial viability kit with CSLM was performed to reveal the integrity and localization of the bacterial cells. Levels of soluble calcium significantly increased when the pH at which the rennet was added decreased. In cheese renneted at pH 6.6, CSLM revealed an open porous structure containing a dense protein network with fat globules of different sizes distributed in the aqueous phase. In cheese renneted at pH 5.2, the protein network was homogeneous, with a less dense protein network, and an even distribution of fat globules. On d 1, bacterial cells were organized into colonies in cheese renneted at pH 6.6, whereas in cheeses renneted at pH 5.2, bacteria were evenly dispersed as single cells throughout the protein network. Lysis was detected on d 1 in cheeses renneted at high pH values and continued to increase throughout ripening, whereas induction of lysis was delayed in cheeses renneted at lower pH values until the end of ripening. This study demonstrates that alterations in the microstructure of the cheese and the distribution of cells play a role in lysis induction of L. lactis AM2.
Alveolar liquid clearance is increased by endogenous catecholamines in hemorrhagic shock in rats (1996)

The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hemorrhagic shock would stimulate alveolar liquid clearance by a catecholamine-dependent mechanism. Anesthetized rats were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg for 90 min, but they were not resuscitated. Alveolar liquid clearance was measured by the concentration of labeled and unlabeled protein over 2 h in an isosmolar physiological solution of 5% albumin that had been instilled into one lung. Hemorrhaged rats developed a severe metabolic acidosis that was associated with a 5- to 10-fold rise in plasma epinephrine levels. There was a 60% increase in alveolar liquid clearance in the hemorrhaged rats compared with control rats (55 +/- 6 vs. 34 +/- 7%; P < 0.05). Amiloride (10(-4) M) or propranolol (10(-4)M) inhibited the increase in alveolar liquid clearance. Thus the endogenous release of catecholamines associated with hemorrhagic shock markedly stimulates alveolar fluid clearance by a beta-adrenergic-mediated stimulation of active sodium transport. These data suggest a new, previously unrecognized mechanism that may protect against alveolar flooding in the acute phase of hemorrhagic shock.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products: Chemical Instruments to Apprehend Biological Symphony. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative in vivo activity of gemifloxacin in a rat model of respiratory tract infection (2000)

The in vivo efficacy of the novel quinolone gemifloxacin (SB-265805) was examined in a rat respiratory tract infection (RTI) model against four strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and two strains of Haemophilus influenzae with varying susceptibilities to standard antimicrobial agents. Animals were infected intrabronchially to produce pneumonia and therapy with oral gemifloxacin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, azithromycin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin or levofloxacin was started 24 h after infection. The doses administered were chosen to approximate in the rat the serum or tissue concentrations measured in humans following therapeutic dosing. Therapy continued once- or twice-daily for 3 days, and approximately 17 h after the end of therapy the lungs were excised for bacterial enumeration. Following infection with strains of S. pneumoniae, gemifloxacin produced a 3-5 log reduction in bacterial numbers compared with untreated animals. Gemifloxacin was as effective as amoxycillin- clavulanate, and was as potent or more potent than all other comparators. Notably, the quinolone agents trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin and levofloxacin were significantly less effective (P < 0.01) than gemifloxacin: these agents reduced bacterial numbers by < or =3 log compared with untreated animals. Gemifloxacin produced a marked response against H. influenzae infection, reducing bacterial numbers significantly (P < 0.01) compared with untreated controls. Gemifloxacin was significantly more potent than cefuroxime and azithromycin. None of the other comparator agents was more potent than gemifloxacin. The excellent efficacy seen in these experimental models of RTI with S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae confirms the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against these organisms. This indicates that gemifloxacin may be of significant benefit in the treatment of RTI.
Effective Capacity Modulation as an Explicit Control Knob for Public Cloud Profitability (2016)

We explore the efficacy of dynamic effective capacity modulation (i.e., using virtualization techniques to offer lower resource capacity than that advertised by the cloud provider) as an explicit control knob for a cloud provider's profit maximization complementing the more well-studied approach of dynamic pricing. Our focus is on emerging cloud ecosystems wherein we expect tenants to modify their demands strategically in response to such modulation in effective capacity and prices. We consider a simple model of a cloud provider that offers a single type of virtual machine to its tenants and devise a leader/follower game-based control framework to capture the interactions between the provider and its tenants. We assume both parties employ myopic control and short-term predictions to reflect their operation under the high dynamism and poor predictability in such environments. Our evaluation using a combination of real-world data center traces and benchmarks hosted on a prototype OpenStack-based cloud shows 10-30% profit improvement for a cloud provider compared with baselines that use static pricing and/or static effective capacity.
Investigation on Solvent and Surface Modification Effects for Li Metal Anodes (2019)

Li metal anode is strongly considered to be one of the most promising candidates for high-energy Li-ion batteries. However, lithium dendrite growth, which could cause short-circuit and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), is one of the key issues for realizing practical applications of Li anode technologies. Various strategies have been proposed to suppress Li dendrite formation. In order to understand the Li dendrite formation and suppression behaviors for Li plating, we carried out extensive study on the effects of solvent and surface coating on the electrochemical behaviors of the Li metal anodes. Carbonate solvents having various components with/without additives have been employed for Li plating and stripping on Cu substrate. Polymeric coatings on Cu have also been tested for their effects on the morphology of Li deposition and SEI analysis. In particular, extensive real-time optical microscopy imaging and post mortem SEM analyses are carried out in conjunction with electrochemical characterizations to reveal the underlying mechanisms for the resulting effects. Figure 1
Drosophilaas a starting point for developing therapeutics for the rare disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2013)

Progress into developing therapeutics for rare diseases can be accelerated for those diseases that can be modeled in genetically tractable organisms. Here we comment on one disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), modeled in Drosophila that brought together disparate lines of research toward the goal of developing a therapeutic. Though the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been implicated in many anabolic processes in many cell types and tissues, including muscle, this work confirmed the therapeutic potential of assessing this pathway for DMD. Genetic dissection of sphingolipid metabolism showed the suppression of muscle structural and functional defects in flies. Moreover, improvement of muscle defects using known pharmacological agents that raise S1P levels in vivo highlight the potential of Drosophila as a drug-screening tool for DMD. We and others have extended S1P studies into the mouse model of DMD and have shown a partial amelioration of symptoms associated with DMD. Translation of this work to mammals makes the sphingolipid metabolism pathway a promising target for further drug development that may benefit the human condition.