gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracavity-tripled optically-pumped semiconductor laser at 355 nm (2009)

Optically-pumped semiconductor lasers provide efficient laser sources in the ultraviolet by intra-cavity nonlinear frequency tripling. A laser combining InGaAs gain media with LBO nonlinear crystals produces hundreds of mW CW at 355 nm. A compact package that combines thermal and opto-mechanical stability is the key to making this laser robust and manufacturable. A temperature controlled, monolithic aluminum base supports opto-mechanical mounts made from low expansion alloys and ceramics to create a resonator that can withstand substantial environmental excursions.
Immune response to inactivated syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma cells. I. Role and regulation of antibody synthesis in DBA/2 mice. (1980)

The immunogenicities of irradiated T1699 murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells (XR-T1699) and mitomycin C-treated T1699 cells (T1699m) were compared with respect to eliciting humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and protection against subsequent sc challenge with untreated T1699 tumor cells (T1699u) in the syngeneic host (DBA/2 mice). Treatment with 10(3)-10(7) T1699m failed to induce any immunity against subsequent challenge with viable T1699u, whereas 10(6)-10(7) XR-T1699 sensitized the host to later challenge with T1699u. Although both T1699m- and XR-T1699-sensitized mice displayed a delayed hypersensitivity response to soluble T1699 antigen as determined by footpad swelling, only XR-T1699-immunized mice developed detectable levels of anti-T1699 antibody, as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) titer of sera from XR-T1699-immunized mice peaked at day 11 and declined by day 20, whereas sera from T1699m- sensitized mice showed no detectable ADCC activity. Sera from mice with progressing T1699u tumors showed high levels of ADCC activity at all times tested. The immunity induced by XR-T1699 injection was shown to be specific for T1699 tumor cells and not limited to the anatomic area of immunization. The results are discussed in terms of the role of antibody as the primary protective mechanism in sensitization in the T1699 tumor model.
An Efficient Procedure for the Preparation of 3‐Acetyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzo‐thiazoles by Ring Contraction of 2,4‐Diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepines under Acetylating Conditions (1997)

Abstract Reaction of 2,4‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,5‐benzothiazepines 1 with a mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine afforded 3‐acetyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzothiazoles 2 as sole products in good yields. Stereochemistry and the hindered rotation of the amide group were studied by means of NMR spectroscopy and the results were corroborated by AM1 calculations. A reaction mechanism for the ring contraction is proposed.
Couplings of Polarization with Interfacial Deep Trap and Schottky Interface Controlled Ferroelectric Memristive Switching (2020)

Abstract Memristors with excellent scalability have the potential to revolutionize not only the field of information storage but also neuromorphic computing. Conventional metal oxides are widely used as resistive switching materials in memristors. Interface‐type memristors based on ferroelectric materials are emerging as alternatives in the development of high‐performance memory devices. A clear understanding of the switching mechanisms in this type of memristors, however, is still in its early stages. By comparing the bipolar switching in different systems, it is found that the switchable diode effect in ferroelectric memristors is controlled by polarization modulated Schottky barrier height and polarization coupled interfacial deep states trapping/detrapping. Using semiconductor theories with consideration of polarization effects, a phenomenological theory is developed to explain the current–voltage behavior at the metal/ferroelectric interface. These findings reveal the critical role of the interaction among polarization charges, interfacial defects, and Schottky interface in controlling ferroelectric resistive switching and offer the guidance to design ferroelectric memristors with enhanced performance.
XR Twin Based Intelligent UAV Software Development Environment (2020)

As the application of UAVs is expanded to various industrial fields such as agriculture, leisure, and military, the demand for the development of intelligent UAVs that carry out complex missions is expected to increase continuously. However, the following challenges exist for intelligent UAV software development. First, mechanical engineering tasks are essential before developing advanced cognitive algorithms of intelligent UAVs. Second, intelligent UAVs require reliable verification methods. Third, the real world is affected by the weather, making it difficult to test them. In this paper, we propose an XR twin based intelligent UAV software development environment to mitigate these problems. The development environment allows SW engineers to build the advanced cognitive algorithms without mechanical engineering knowledges. In addition, we provide SW/HW conformance verification by integrating real UAVS with the virtual development environment. It supports immersive methods with the advanced cognitive algorithms by utilizing a kind of XR interaction devices as well.
Synthesis of the Mammea coumarins. Part 1. The coumarins of the mammea A, B, and C series (1987)

The naturally-occurring Mammea coumarins of the 4-phenyl-(mammea A), 4-propyl-(mammea B), and 4-pentyl-(mammea C) series have been prepared by Pechmann condensation of an acylphloroglucinol (3-methylbutyryl-, 2-methylbutyryl-, butyryl-, or 2-methylpropionyl-) with the appropriate β-ketoester to give a mixture of 6- and 8-acyl-5,7-dihydroxycoumarins that could be separated. C-Alkylation with 3-methylbut-2-enyl bromide, or 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl chloride, in aqueous potassium hydroxide completed the synthesis of the Mammea coumarins having unmodified prenyl or geranyl substituents; oxidative modification of the prenyl group led to the mammea cyclo E and cyclo F coumarins. Some mammea cyclo D (chromeno) coumarins were synthesized by reaction of acylcoumarins with 1,1-dimethoxy-3-methylbutan-3-ol.
Fast electromagnetic modeling in cylindrically layered media excited by eccentred magnetic dipole (2016)

Abstract We developed a fast algorithm to calculate a response of cylindrically layered media excited by the vertical magnetic dipole eccentred with respect to the axis of symmetry. The algorithm calculates response in the range of frequencies typical for induction and dielectric logging. The media conductivity and dielectric constant are described by piecewise‐constant functions. The corresponding boundary value problem is solved by method of separation of variables. Fourier transform is applied to Maxwell equations and boundary conditions to express field components through Fourier transforms of vertical components of an electrical and magnetic field. In addition, an expansion of vertical components into an infinite series with respect to angular harmonics is used to reduce the original problem to a series of 1‐D problems that only depend on the radial coordinate. The solution to each 1‐D radial problem for the angular harmonics is presented as a linear combination of modified Bessel functions. Finally, inverse Fourier transformation is applied to the angular harmonics of vertical components to derive electrical and magnetic field of the original boundary value problem. We provide detailed discussion on the elements that are critical for the numerical implementation of the algorithm: a proper normalization, convergence, and integration. Specifically, we show how to perform integration in the complex plane by avoiding intersection of the integration pass with the cuts located on the Riemann surface. Numerical results show the usefulness of the algorithm for solving inverse problems and for studying the effect of eccentricity in induction and dielectric logging.
Muscle atrophy‐related myotube‐derived exosomal microRNA in neuronal dysfunction: Targeting both coding and long noncoding RNAs (2020)

In mammals, microRNAs can be actively secreted from cells to blood. miR-29b-3p has been shown to play a pivotal role in muscle atrophy, but its role in intercellular communication is largely unknown. Here, we showed that miR-29b-3p was upregulated in normal and premature aging mouse muscle and plasma. miR-29b-3p was also upregulated in the blood of aging individuals, and circulating levels of miR-29b-3p were negatively correlated with relative appendicular skeletal muscle. Consistently, miR-29b-3p was observed in exosomes isolated from long-term differentiated atrophic C2C12 cells. When C2C12-derived miR-29b-3p-containing exosomes were uptaken by neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, increased miR-29b-3p levels in recipient cells were observed. Moreover, miR-29b-3p overexpression led to downregulation of neuronal-related genes and inhibition of neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, we identified HIF1α-AS2 as a novel c-FOS targeting lncRNA that is induced by miR-29b-3p through down-modulation of c-FOS and is required for miR-29b-3p-mediated neuronal differentiation inhibition. Our results suggest that atrophy-associated circulating miR-29b-3p may mediate distal communication between muscle cells and neurons.
coliBASE: an online database for Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella comparative genomics (2003)

We have constructed coliBASE, a database for Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella comparative genomics available online at http://colibase. bham.ac.uk. Unlike other E.coli databases, which focus on the laboratory model strain K12, coliBASE is intended to reflect the full diversity of E.coli and its relatives. The database contains comparative data including whole genome alignments and lists of putative orthologous genes, together with numerous analytical tools and links to existing online resources. The data are stored in a relational database, accessible by a number of user-friendly search methods and graphical browsers. The database schema is generic and can easily be applied to other bacterial genomes. Two such databases, CampyDB (for the analysis of Campylobacter spp.) and ClostriDB (for Clostridium spp.) are also available at http://campy.bham.ac.uk and http://clostri. bham.ac.uk, respectively. An example of the power of E.coli comparative analyses such as those available through coliBASE is presented.
Cochlear Implant Speech Processor Frequency Allocations May Influence Pitch Perception (2008)

These results suggest that over time, pitch sensations may be determined more by the implant map than by cochlear location. In other words, the brain may adapt to spectral mismatches by remapping pitch. Furthermore, patients can perform well with shifted frequency allocations for speech recognition. The successful application of shifted frequency allocations also supports the idea of shallower insertions and greater preservation of residual hearing for all cochlear implants, regardless of the patient's frequency range of usable residual hearing.
Role of Propofol in Refractory Status Epilepticus (1998)

Propofol has shown promising results in the management of refractory status epilepticus when traditional therapies have failed or were not tolerated; however, controlled clinical trials are needed to better assess the comparative efficacy, neurologic adverse effects, and clinical outcome to better define its role in refractory status epilepticus.
Rationalization of Reduced Penetration of Drugs through Ceramide Gel Phase Membrane (2014)

Since computing resources have advanced enough to allow routine molecular simulation studies of drug molecules interacting with biologically relevant membranes, a considerable amount of work has been carried out with fluid phospholipid systems. However, there is very little work in the literature on drug interactions with gel phase lipids. This poses a significant limitation for understanding permeation through the stratum corneum where the primary pathway is expected to be through a highly ordered lipid matrix. To address this point, we analyzed the interactions of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and its ethyl (benzocaine) and butyl (butamben) esters with two membrane bilayers, which differ in their fluidity at ambient conditions. We considered a dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayer in a fluid state and a ceramide 2 (CER2, ceramide NS) bilayer in a gel phase. We carried out unbiased (100 ns long) and biased z-constraint molecular dynamics simulations and calculated the free energy profiles of all molecules along the bilayer normal. The free energy profiles converged significantly slower for the gel phase. While the compounds have comparable affinities for both membranes, they exhibit penetration barriers almost 3 times higher in the gel phase CER2 bilayer. This elevated barrier and slower diffusion in the CER2 bilayer, which are caused by the high ordering of CER2 lipid chains, explain the low permeability of the gel phase membranes. We also compared the free energy profiles from MD simulations with those obtained from COSMOmic. This method provided the same trends in behavior for the guest molecules in both bilayers; however, the penetration barriers calculated by COSMOmic did not differ between membranes. In conclusion, we show how membrane fluid properties affect the interaction of drug-like molecules with membranes.
The benefit of combining a deep neural network architecture with ideal ratio mask estimation in computational speech segregation to improve speech intelligibility (2018)

Computational speech segregation attempts to automatically separate speech from noise. This is challenging in conditions with interfering talkers and low signal-to-noise ratios. Recent approaches have adopted deep neural networks and successfully demonstrated speech intelligibility improvements. A selection of components may be responsible for the success with these state-of-the-art approaches: the system architecture, a time frame concatenation technique and the learning objective. The aim of this study was to explore the roles and the relative contributions of these components by measuring speech intelligibility in normal-hearing listeners. A substantial improvement of 25.4 percentage points in speech intelligibility scores was found going from a subband-based architecture, in which a Gaussian Mixture Model-based classifier predicts the distributions of speech and noise for each frequency channel, to a state-of-the-art deep neural network-based architecture. Another improvement of 13.9 percentage points was obtained by changing the learning objective from the ideal binary mask, in which individual time-frequency units are labeled as either speech- or noise-dominated, to the ideal ratio mask, where the units are assigned a continuous value between zero and one. Therefore, both components play significant roles and by combining them, speech intelligibility improvements were obtained in a six-talker condition at a low signal-to-noise ratio.
Claudin5 genes encoding tight junction proteins are required for Xenopus heart formation (2010)

Claudin proteins are the major components of tight junctions connecting adjacent cells, where they regulate a variety of cellular activities. In the present paper we identified two Xenopus claudin5 genes ( cldn5a and 5b ), which are expressed early in the developing cardiac region. Precocious cldn5 expression was observed in explants of non‐heart‐forming mesoderm under inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway. Cardiogenesis was severely perturbed by antisense oligonucleotides against cldn5 or by Cldn5 proteins lacking the cytoplasmic domain. Results of light‐ and electron‐microscopic observations suggested that cldn5a and 5b are required for Xenopus heart tube formation through epithelialization of the precardiac mesoderm.
Inverse acoustic scattering problem in half-space with anisotropic\n random impedance (2014)

We study an inverse acoustic scattering problem in half-space with a\nprobabilistic impedance boundary value condition. The Robin coefficient\n(surface impedance) is assumed to be a Gaussian random function $\\lambda =\n\\lambda(x)$ with a pseudodifferential operator describing the covariance. We\nmeasure the amplitude of the backscattered field averaged over the frequency\nband and assume that the data is generated by a single realization of\n$\\lambda$. Our main result is to show that under certain conditions the\nprincipal symbol of the covariance operator of $\\lambda$ is uniquely\ndetermined. Most importantly, no approximations are needed and we can solve the\nfull non-linear inverse problem. We concentrate on anisotropic models for the\nprincipal symbol, which leads to the analysis of a novel anisotropic spherical\nRadon transform and its invertibility.\n
Mitochondrial Genome Deletion Aids in the Identification of False- and True-Negative Prostate Needle Core Biopsy Specimens (2007)

We report the usefulness of a 3.4-kb mitochondrial genome deletion (3.4 mtdelta) for molecular definition of benign, malignant, and proximal to malignant (PTM) prostate needle biopsy specimens. The 3.4 mtdelta was identified through long-extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of frozen prostate cancer samples. A quantitative PCR assay was developed to measure the levels of the 3.4 mtdelta in clinical samples. For normalization, amplifications of a nuclear target and total mitochondrial DNA were included. Cycle threshold data from these targets were used to calculate a score for each biopsy sample. In a pilot study of 38 benign, 29 malignant, and 41 PTM biopsy specimens, the difference between benign and malignant core biopsy specimens was well differentiated (P & .0001), with PTM indistinguishable from malignant samples (P = .833). Results of a larger study were identical. In comparison with histopathologic examination for benign and malignant samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 71%, respectively, and the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.83 for the deletion. In a blinded external validation study, the sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 79%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.87. The 3.4 mtdelta may be useful in defining malignant, benign, and PTM prostate tissues.
Hydrolyse des aminoacyl‐tARN par la phosphodiesterase du venin (1968)

The influence of the esterification of the 3'(2') hydroxyl group of tRNA on the hydrolysis by venom phosphodiesterase (Crotalus adamanteus) was studied. It was shown that this esterification does not change the rate of hydrolysis. At pH 7-8, no significant differences were observed either when the alpha amino group of the attached amino acid was free or blocked, or when the aminoacid contained a free carboxyl group or a second amino group (glutamic acid or lysine). Aminoacyl-AMP or oligopeptidyl-AMP can be prepared by this method.
Flow-Based Isolation and Neutralization of Circulating Tumor Cells (2009)

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have the potential to be used clinically as a diagnostic tool and a treatment tool in the field of oncology. As a diagnostic tool, CTC may be used to indicate the presence of a tumor before the tumor is large enough to cause noticeable symptoms. As a treatment tool, CTC isolated from patients may be used to test the efficacy of chemotherapy options to personalize patient treatment. One way for tumors to spread is through metastasis via the circulatory system. CTC are able to exploit the natural leukocyte recruitment process that is initially mediated by rolling on transient selectin bonds. Our capture devices take advantage of this naturally occurring recruitment step to isolate CTC from whole blood by flowing samples through selectin and antibody-coated microtubes. Whole blood was spiked with a known concentration of labeled cancer cells and then perfused through pre-coated microtubes. Microtubes were then rinsed to remove unbound cells and the number of labeled cells captured on the lumen was assessed. CTC were successfully captured from whole blood at a clinically relevant level on the order of 10 cells per mL. Combination tubes with selectin and antibody coated surface exhibited higher capture rate than tubes coated with selectin alone or antibody alone. Additionally, CTC capture was demonstrated with the KG1a hematopoietic cell line and the Du145 epithelial cell line. Thus, the in vivo process of selectin-mediated CTC recruitment to distant vessel walls can be used in vitro to target CTC to a tube lumen. The microtube device can also be used to capture CTC of hematopoietic and epithelial tumor origin and is demonstrated sensitivity down to the order of 10 CTC per mL. In a related study aimed at reducing the blood borne metastatic cancer load, we have shown that cells captured to a surface can be neutralized by a receptor-mediated biochemical signal (Rana et al. 2008). In the proposed method we have shown that using a combined selecting and TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand or Apo 2L) functionalized surface we are able to kill about 30% of the captured cells in a short duration of 1 hour whereas it took about 4 hours to kill the same proportion of cells without flow on a similarly functionalized. Here we have taken the approach a step further by showing that with very small doses of chemotherapeutic agents like Bortezomib, we can increase the kill rate of CTCs., thus allowing the device to function in senarios where the patient is undergoing treatment. We show here with leukemic cells that are treated with Bortezomib that we are able kill about 41% of the captured cells.
A consistent assessment of trees inside and outside forests improves estimates of total tree cover in Africa (2022)

Abstract The consistent monitoring of trees both inside and outside of forests is key to mitigating climate change. Current monitoring systems either ignore trees outside forests or are too expensive to be applied consistently across countries on a repeated basis. Here we make use of the PlanetScope nanosatellite constellation, which delivers global very high-resolution daily imagery, to map both forest and non-forest tree cover for continental Africa using images from a single year. Our prototype map of 2019 demonstrates that a precise assessment of all tree-based systems is possible at continental scale, and reveals that 29% of tree cover is found outside areas previously classified as tree cover, such as in croplands and grassland. Such accurate mapping of tree cover at metric resolution down to the level of individual trees and consistent among countries has the potential to redefine land use impacts, move beyond the need for forest definitions, build the basis for natural climate solutions, and provide a new scientific basis for tree related studies.
Adaptation cardiaque et capacités d'endurance chez les triathlètes (1997)

Berbalk A., Neumann G., Pfützner Arndt, Grosse S. Adaptation cardiaque et capacités d'endurance chez les triathlètes. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°20, 1997. Un sport, deux enchaînements, trois disciplines : le triathlon. Actes du 1er symposium international de l'entraînement en triathlon. pp. 77-81.
Association between vitamin B12-containing supplement consumption and prevalence of biochemically defined B12 deficiency in adults in NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) (2009)

Consumption of B(12)-containing supplements was associated with at least 50 % lower prevalence of both low serum B(12) and biochemical B12 deficiency in a nationally representative sample of US adults, suggesting increased consumption of B(12) from supplements or from fortified foods may reduce the prevalence of B(12) deficiency. Additionally, the current Recommended Daily Allowance for B(12) of 2.4 microg may be insufficient for those aged >50 years.