gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Divergence of epidermal growth factor and transferrin during receptor-mediated endocytosis (1983)

The routes followed by epidermal growth factor and transferrin during their endocytosis by human epithelial cells were compared in double-label studies by using density gradient centrifugation of cell homogenates and fluorescence microscopy with intact cells. Gradient centrifugation studies of cells incubated with radioactively labeled epidermal growth factor and transferrin indicated that both ligands initially were associated with a class of vesicles having a density of 1.037 g/mL and then were rapidly transferred to a membrane compartment having a slightly higher density (1.039 g/mL). Subsequently, the two ligands diverged. Epidermal growth factor ultimately was transferred to a membranous compartment containing lysosomal enzymes (density (1.08 g/mL) where it was degraded. Transferrin was released intact from the cells; very little was transferred to lysosomes. Using fluorescently labeled ligands, it was observed that after cells were warmed to 37 degrees C for 5 min, transferrin and epidermal growth factor gave coincident, punctate fluorescent patterns, strongly suggesting they were localized within the same endocytic vesicles. Subsequently, the epidermal growth factor signal was observed in lysosomes whereas the transferrin signal became weaker and diffuse and did not coincide with the punctate epidermal growth factor fluorescence. The time course of the divergence of the radioactive and fluorescent ligands coupled with the previous morphologic studies on the pathway of epidermal growth factor internalization [Willingham, M. C., & Pastan, I. (1982) J. Cell Biol. 94, 207-212] suggests that the sorting process is prelysosomal and possibly Golgi associated.
ACUTE HORMONAL RESPONSES TO CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC BOUTS OF EXERCISE AT THE SAME ABSOLUTE WORKLOAD (2002)

Eccentric (ECC) training has been reported to increase muscle tissue hypertrophy to a greater extent than concentric (CON) training when performed at the same relative workload, however most dynamic resistance exercise is performed at the same absolute workload for both contractions. Dynamic resistance exercise is well documented to increase testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT) and growth hormone (GH), however endocrine responses to mode specific contractile actions have yet to be investigated. Moreover, evidence suggests that lactic acid (which increases to a greater extent with CON exercise) may affect T and GH responses to exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the acute impact of ECC and CON resistance exercise on anabolic hormones and lactate. METHODS: Ten males, mean (± SE) age 24.70 ± 1.2y and percent body fat 17.20 ± 1.5%, participated the study. A pre-experimental trial was conducted to obtain anthropometric data and a 10-RM for bench press, leg extension, military press, and leg curl (Master Trainer, Rayne, LA). Subjects then completed two experimental trials consisting of either CON contractions or ECC contraction at the same absolute workload for each of the four exercises. Subjects performed 4 sets of 12 repetitions at 80% of a 10-RM with a 90s-rest period. A pulley system or steel levers were positioned on each machine that raised or lowered the weight so only CON or ECC contractions were performed. A blood sample was taken before, immediately after, and 15-minutes post-exercise. RESULTS: A 2 X 3 (trial by time) ANOVA with repeated measures revealed significant time effects for lactate, GH, T, and FT for both trials. Hormones and lactate rose for CON trial from pre-exercise (GH 1.65 ± .05 ng/ml, lactate .87 ± .14 mM, TT 593.7 ± 41.73 ng/ml, and FT 23.56 ± 1.31 pg/ml) to peak immediately post-exercise (GH 7.64 ± .991 ng/ml, lactate 7.2 ± 1.01 mM, TT 663.0 ± 57.34 ng/ml, FT 28.52 ± 1.53 pg/ml). During ECC exercise, hormones and lactate rose from pre-exercise (GH .132 ± .051 ng/ml, lactate .98 ± .10 mM, TT 547.1 ± 41.73 ng/ml, and FT 22.34 ± 1.31 pg/ml) to peak immediately post-exercise (GH 2.76 ± .991 ng/ml, lactate 1.85 ± .29 mM, TT 586.7 ± 57.36 ng/ml, and FT 25.90 ± 1.55 pg/ml). There was a significant time by trial interaction for lactate, F(2, 36)= 22.86, p < .001, and GH, F(2, 36) = 10.58, p < .001, but not for T or FT. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that ECC and CON contractions stimulate T and FT in a similar manner when performed at the same absolute workload; however, CON exercise increases GH and lactate to a much greater extent than ECC exercise. Thus, dynamic resistance exercise produces hormone specific responses to muscle shortening and lengthening when performed at the same absolute workload.
Filament Evolution during Set and Reset Transitions in Oxide Resistive Switching Memory (2013)

Bipolar resistive switching memory (RRAM) relies on ion migration effects taking place at a conductive filament (CF). Understanding the evolution of the CF during set and reset transitions is essential for predicting RRAM scalability and for developing new methods for storage and computation. This work describes the evolution of the CF during bipolar resistive switching through numerical simulations of ion drift/diffusion. The defect distribution profile for increasing current after set transition and for increasing voltage during set transition are shown. Finally, the asymmetric shape of the CF is evidenced through polarity-dependent experiments and explained through numerical simulations.
Friction and wear of radiofrequency-sputtered borides, silicides, and carbides (1978)

The friction and wear properties of several refractory compound coatings were examined. These compounds were applied to 440 C bearing steel surfaces by radiofrequency (RF) sputtering. The refractory compounds were the titanium and molybdenum borides, the titanium and molybdenum silicides, and the titanium, molybdenum, and boron carbides. Friction testing was done with a pin-on-disk wear apparatus at loads from 0.1 to 5.0 newtons. Generally, the best wear properties were obtained when the coatings were bias sputtered onto 440 C disks that had been preoxidized. Adherence was improved because of the better bonding of the coatings to the iron oxide formed during preoxidation. As a class the carbides provided wear protection to the highest loads. Titanium boride coatings provided low friction and good wear properties to moderate loads.
The Yeast Ribosome: Structure, Function, and Synthesis (1982)

INTRODUCTION The ribosome holds our fascination for a number of reasons. It is a complex organelle, yet one that is comprehensible in terms of the number and stoichiometry of its constituent molecules. Its synthesis involves major interactions of nucleus and cytoplasm. It is ubiquitous in living cells, and as the site of protein synthesis, it plays a central role in cell growth and maintenance. The regulation of its synthesis is complex, not only because of the number of components involved, but also because it is closely tied to cell growth. Perhaps more important, the ribosome has been highly conserved during evolution and is the prime example of a “housekeeping enzyme.” A comparison of the regulation of ribosome synthesis in prokaryotes, in simple eukaryotes, and in complex eukaryotes may provide insight into the way regulation itself has evolved. This paper consists of three parts: (1) the mature ribosome; (2) what is known of the way it works in protein synthesis, which for yeast is precious little; and (3) ribosome synthesis, including a considerable body of data concerning its regulation in yeast and a hypothesis to account for some of the data. Mitochondrial ribosomes are discussed by Dujon (1981). THE YEAST RIBOSOME Ribosomal RNA Saccharomyces is typical of eukaryotes in that it has four species of RNA in its ribosome: 25S, 5.8S, and 5S in the 60S subunit, and 18S in the 40S subunit. The properties of these molecules are summarized in Table 1. The sequence of 5S RNA from S. carlsbergensis ...
Xunet 2: a nationwide testbed in high-speed networking (1992)

Xunet 2 is an experimental wide-area network that serves as a testbed for research on data communications techniques. The authors provide an overview of the architecture of the Xunet 2 testbed. Xunet 2 has three principal components: routers, switches and network management systems. Long-haul transmission between them will initially use DS3 facilities. Performance objectives for the backbone have been set to cover a wide range of transmission speeds. Each router attaches a local area network to the backbone network. The backbone network provides virtual circuit connectivity between the routers. Circuit setup and teardown is done by a control computer associated with each switch, and the network as a whole will be managed by a network management station in the network operations center.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Complete Abolition of High Inoculum Threshold of Two Mycoherbicides (Alternaria cassiaeandA. crassa) When Applied in Invert Emulsion (1990)

(...). The inoculum threshold of thousands of spores per square centimeter of leaf surface or tens to hundreds of spores per droplet has been expected and accepted. Evidence is presented that the high threshold concept does not hold with Alternaria cassiae and A. crassa, as one spore per 2-μl droplet was sufficient to infect plants of Cassia obtusifolia and Datura stramonium, respectively, when the droplet was an invert emulsion containig a 1μl mixture of oils and waxes on the outside and 1 μl of water, sodium alginate, and conidia on the inside. The intensity of infection always was enhanced by the emulsion (...)
[Relationship between the proliferation and immunoinduction of epithelial cells and the destruction of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in keloids]. (2006)

It could be concluded that the reactivity with hyperplasia and immunoinduction of epithelial cells might be associated with the destruction of the some HFSG structure in the keloids.
Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activity of New Zealand Lichens (1999)

A total of 69 species of lichens have been collected from various locations around New Zealand. Screening of extracts of these species for antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activity showed a high proportion with biological activity. Active extracts were generally from species known to contain phenolic compounds. Bioactivity-directed isolation work on Cladia retipora, Pseudocyphellaria glabra and P. homoeophylla led to the identification of usnic acid as the main antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antiviral component in these three species.
Conventional Models (2002)

Design of a control system and performance analysis of an object is practically impossible without having in some form a model of this object. The model could differ from the original object by structure, form etc., but it has to represent its reaction to certain input signals.
Food Irradiation, Sulfides Released from Gamma-Irradiated Meat as Estimated by Condensation with N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFood Irradiation, Sulfides Released from Gamma-Irradiated Meat as Estimated by Condensation with N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamineE. P. Marbach and D. M. DotyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1956, 4, 10, 881–884Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60068a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (974 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
In Situ Observation of Chymotrypsin Catalytic Activity Change Actuated by Nonheating Low-Frequency Magnetic Field (2018)

Magnetomechanical modulation of biochemical processes is a promising instrument for bioengineering and nanomedicine. This work demonstrates two approaches to control activity of an enzyme, α-chymotrypsin immobilized on the surface of gold-coated magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (GM-MNPs) using a nonheating low-frequency magnetic field (LF MF). The measurement of the enzyme reaction rate was carried out in situ during exposure to the magnetic field. The first approach involves α-chymotrypsin-GM-MNPs conjugates, in which the enzyme undergoes mechanical deformations with the reorientation of the MNPs under LF MF (16-410 Hz frequency, 88 mT flux density). Such mechanical deformations result in conformational changes in α-chymotrypsin structure, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and molecular modeling, and lead to a 63% decrease of enzyme initial activity. The second approach involves an α-chymotrypsin-GM-MNPs/trypsin inhibitor-GM-MNPs complex, in which the activity of the enzyme is partially inhibited. In this case the reorientation of MNPs in the field leads to disruption of the enzyme-inhibitor complex and an almost 2-fold increase of enzyme activity. The results further demonstrate the utility of magnetomechanical actuation at the nanoscale for the remote modulation of biochemical reactions.
Numerical evaluation of current distribution in electrical systems (1964)

A computer program has been written in Fortran language for numerical solution of the Laplace equation with non-linear boundary conditions.
Influence of Short High Temperature Steps on the Regeneration of Boron-Oxygen Related Defects (2013)

Boron-oxygen related recombination active defects typically limit solar cell efficiency in boron-doped solar cells made from Czochralski grown silicon due to their detrimental effect on minority carrier lifetime. Lifetime can be recovered by applying a regeneration procedure. The kinetics of this recovery process has been found to depend considerably on the amount of hydrogen in the silicon bulk. Therefore, the influence of short high temperature steps, which may affect the hydrogen bulk content, on the regeneration process is investigated. We found that increasing peak temperature and increasing holding time at high temperatures results in a considerable acceleration of the regeneration process. This could be correlated with the amount of hydrogen released from an SiNx:H layer at high temperatures supporting the theory that the regeneration of boron-oxygen related defects might in fact be a form of hydrogen defect passivation.
The 6-Kilodalton Early Secreted Antigenic Target-Responsive, Asymptomatic Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients Express Elevated Levels of Interleukin-4 and Reduced Levels of Gamma Interferon (2006)

ABSTRACT It is well known that the majority of healthy individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not become clinically ill. We have previously shown that in recently exposed healthy contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients, a strong immune response to the M. tuberculosis 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) virulence factor correlated with a higher risk of subsequent disease, although the mechanism was unclear at that time. Inspired by recent reports that elevated expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in health care workers exposed to M. tuberculosis also correlated with a higher risk of their subsequently developing disease, we examined expression of IL-4, its competitive antagonist IL-4δ2, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in healthy household contacts of TB patients from Ethiopia. We then compared cytokine expression to their recognition of ESAT-6 (which is largely restricted to members of the tuberculosis complex and which serves as a reliable marker of infection) or to Ag85A (an antigen that is conserved among the mycobacteria and serves as a nonspecific control). Our study shows that in these recently exposed individuals, there is a correlation between a strong response to ESAT-6 and elevated expression of IL-4. Further, elevated expression of IL-4 is associated with lower expression of its antagonistic splice variant IL-4δ2 and with the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, suggesting that in these at-risk individuals, immunity is skewed away from a protective Th1 response, even before the development of clinical symptoms.
Plasmonic Enhancement of Raman Optical Activity in Molecules near Metal Nanoshells (2009)

Surface-enhanced Raman optical activity (SEROA) is investigated theoretically for molecules near a metal nanoshell. For this purpose, induced molecular electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and electric quadrupole moments must all be included. The incident field and the induced multipole fields all scatter from the nanoshell, and the scattered waves can be calculated via extended Mie theory. It is straightforward in this framework to calculate the incident frequency dependence of SEROA intensities, i.e., SEROA excitation profiles. The differential Raman scattering is examined in detail for a simple chiroptical model that provides analytical forms for the relevant dynamical molecular response tensors. This allows a detailed investigation into circumstances that simultaneously provide strong enhancement of differential intensities and remain selective for molecules with chirality.
Comparison of milnacipran, duloxetine and pregabalin in the formalin pain test and in a model of stress-induced ultrasonic vocalizations in rats (2009)

Milnacipran and duloxetine, serotonin/noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors, and pregabalin, a alpha(2)-delta(1) Ca(2+) channel blocker, are efficacious against fibromyalgia, a condition characterized by diffuse chronic pain and associated with stress. We compared these compounds (i.p. route), in rat models of acute/inflammatory pain (2.5% intraplantar formalin) and stress-induced ultrasonic vocalization (USV: 22kHz calls following presentation of a conditioned stimulus previously associated with foot-shocks). In the formalin test, milnacipran dose-dependently attenuated paw elevation and licking (minimal effective dose, MED: 2.5mg/kg for licking/late phase). Duloxetine was slightly more potent (MED=0.63). Pregabalin also reduced paw licking/late phase (MED=0.63), but was inactive up to 160mg/kg for paw elevation (both phases) and paw licking (early phase). Milnacipran dose-dependently reduced USV (MED=10, near total inhibition at 20mg/kg); duloxetine was less potent (MED=20). Pregabalin (2.5-80mg/kg) was only significantly active at 40mg/kg. Milnacipran, duloxetine and pregabalin possess analgesic activity in the formalin test on paw licking/late phase (corresponding to inflammatory pain with a central sensitization component). In the stress-induced USV model, milnacipran was the most potent and efficacious compound. To summarize, reduction of formalin-induced paw licking/late phase might constitute a useful indicator of potential activity against inflammatory/centrally sensitized pain, as might be expressed in fibromyalgia.
Ultimate behavior of dry and water‐swollen polymer network/glass bead composites (1975)

Abstract Tensile properties of a poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) network filled with various amounts of glass beads, in the dry and the equilibrium water‐swollen states, have been studied below and above T g . The temperature ranged from 5° C to 170° C and the volume fraction of the filler was up to 50 percent. In the glassy region it has been found that the temperature at which the transition from brittle to ductiel behavior occurs is increased by the presence of the filler. In the brittle zone the strength of the composites is decreased by the presence of the filler and can be predicted by using a finite element method; in the ductile zone, however, the strength of the composites reaches that of the unfilled polymer. In the rubbery region failure envelopes have been obtained for both dry and swollen PHEMA/glass bead composites. Using a double shift procedure all the data have been superimposed to obtain universal failure envelopes for the two different states. The dependence of the shift factors on filler content is discussed.
Study on Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Pure Ni Anode (2011)

In this study, the degradation phenomena at the interface between Ni and YSZ have been investigated by using screen-printed pure Ni anode sintered on YSZ pellet. The time depended microstructural evolution of Ni-YSZ interface in long time galvanostatic polarization is studied in hydrogen with different humidities. The microstructural changes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inﬂuences of bulk gas humidiy, silica impurity aggregation and Ni redistribution at TPB were investigated.The degradation mechanism at Ni-YSZ interface is discussed.
A high aspect-ratio silicon substrate-via technology and applications: through-wafer interconnects for power and ground and Faraday cages for SOC isolation (2002)

The reduction of ground inductance is crucial to the gain of RF and microwave circuits. To provide a low-inductance interconnect, we have developed a through-wafer via technology in silicon that incorporates a silicon nitride barrier liner and is filled with electroplated Cu. We have demonstrated vias with an aspect ratio as high as 14 and an inductance that approaches the theoretically expected value. Using the same technology, we have implemented a novel Faraday cage scheme for on-chip subsystem isolation that is successful in suppressing crosstalk by over 20 dB at 1 GHz at a distance of 100 /spl mu/m.
Hydrogenation-induced edge magnetization in armchair MoS2 nanoribbon and electric field effects (2014)

We performed density functional theory study on the electronic and magnetic properties of armchair MoS2 nanoribbons (AMoS2NR) with different edge hydrogenation. Although bare and fully passivated AMoS2NRs are nonmagnetic semiconductors, it was found that hydrogenation in certain patterns can induce localized ferromagnetic edge state in AMoS2NRs and make AMoS2NRs become antiferromagnetic semiconductors or ferromagnetic semiconductors. Electric field effects on the bandgap and magnetic moment of AMoS2NRs were investigated. Partial edge hydrogenation can change a small-sized AMoS2NR from semiconductor to metal or semimetal under a moderate transverse electric field. Since the rate of edge hydrogenation can be controlled experimentally via the temperature, pressure and concentration of H2, our results suggest edge hydrogenation is a useful method to engineer the band structure of AMoS2NRs.