gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybridization Between the Deoxyribonucleic Acids of Some Strains of Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria (1976)

The degree of hybridization between the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) of some different species of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria was estimated. The DNAs from each of 25 strains comprising 12 species were hybridized with labeled DNAs from the type or reference strains of five species. The results suggest a very close relationship between Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc dextranicum, and Leuconostoc cremoris, whereas Leuconostoc oenos was found to be unrelated to other species of the genus. The results also indicate that Lactobacillus confusus and Lactobacillus viridescens are more allied to the leuconostocs than to other lactobacilli.
Fast rotation of an ultra-cold Bose gas (2003)

We study the rotation of a $^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a magnetic trap to which a focused, off resonant gaussian laser beam is superimposed. The confining potential is well approximated by the sum of a quadratic and a quartic term which allows to increase the rotation frequency of the gas above the trap frequency. In this fast rotation regime we observe a dramatic change in the appearance of the quantum gas. The vortices which were easily detectable for a slower rotation become much less visible, and their surface density is well below the value expected for this rotation frequency domain. We discuss some possible tracks to account for this effect.
Case Studies of IR Based Rapid PC Motherboard Failure Analysis (2002)

Abstract This article discusses the techniques useful in the failure discovery process in PC motherboard. It discusses the application of infrared (IR) camera in failure analysis, which overcomes time consumption problems. The article focuses on the experience gained from nine different case studies, where IR thermography system was used to both measure relative temperatures as well as absolute temperatures of components. The failures investigated are overdriven components, finding end-of-life but still functional components, correctly specified components with quality defects, incorrect component placement, internal voltage common collector to ground low resistance integrated circuits failures, PCB defects resulting in power to ground failures, soldering defects resulting in lead opens or solder bridges, and copper trace manufacturing defects or stress-induced cracks.
Electrical resistivity structure of the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin, from marine controlled-source electromagnetic sounding (2001)

SUMMARY In December 1995 we carried out a comprehensive controlled-source electromagnetic survey of the Valu Fa Ridge at 22u25k Si n the Lau Basin. The Valu Fa Ridge is ab ack-arc spreading centre of intermediate spreading rate and is a site of extensive hydrothermal activity. Seismic studies have imaged a melt lens at an average depth of 3.2 km below the seafloor, surrounded by a zone of lowered seismic velocity, interpreted as a region of partial melt in the crust. The electromagnetic experiment was part of a multidisciplinary study which included wide-angle and reflection seismics, bathymetry and potential field measurements. Electromagnetic signals at frequencies between 0.25 and 40 Hz were transmitted from a horizontal electric dipole towed close to the seafloor and were recorded by an array of 11 sea-bottom receivers at ranges of up to 20 km from the source. Over 80 hr of data, consisting of the magnitude of the horizontal electric field at the seafloor, were collected. These data have extremely low scatter compared to similar data from previous surveys. The data were interpreted using a combination of 1- and 2-D forward modelling and inversion. The vertical resistivity gradient in the upper crust at the Valu Fa Ridge is abnormally low, with resistivities of less than 10 V m observed throughout layer 2 of the crust to a depth of 3 km. This is significantly more conductive at depth than the axis of the slow-spreading Reykjanes Ridge at 57u45kN, and the fastspreading East Pacific Rise at 13uN, where similar data sets have been collected in the past. Although the structure of layer 2 is well constrained by the electromagnetic data, its extremely low resistivity causes rapid attenuation of electromagnetic signals diffusing through it, and hence the data are not sensitive to the structure in layer 3, in particular the structure of the melt lens or surrounding low-velocity zone. The seismic velocity structure of the Valu Fa Ridge, determined from the coincident wide-angle seismic study, is similar to that observed at other mid-ocean ridges, with a steep seismic velocity gradient through layer 2 (although overall velocities are slightly lower). The seismic velocity anomaly calculated relative to an average off-axis structure is also small. This suggests that the very low resistivities observed at the axis are not caused by an upper crust of abnormally high porosity. However, hot and/or saline fluids permeating the crust can explain the low resistivities without affecting the seismic velocity. Since the conductive region extends unbroken from 3 km depth to the seafloor, it is probable that these fluids circulate to (or close to) the magma chamber itself.
Relationship between oxidative stress and aortic valve stenosis in humans: an immunohistochemical study. (2013)

4-HNE was expressed in the stenotic aortic valves in patients with severe AS, suggesting a close relationship between oxidative stress and the progression of calcific AS.
Imatinib Compared with Interferon and Low-Dose Cytarabine for Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2003)

In terms of hematologic and cytogenetic responses, tolerability, and the likelihood of progression to accelerated-phase or blast-crisis CML, imatinib was superior to interferon alfa plus low-dose cytarabine as first-line therapy in newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML.
Enhancement of CO2 Adsorption and CO2/N2 Selectivity on ZIF‐8 via Postsynthetic Modification (2012)

Imidazolate framework ZIF‐8 is modified via postsynthetic method using etheylenediamine to improve its adsorption performance toward CO 2 . Results show that the BET surface area of the modified ZIF‐8 (ED‐ZIF‐8) increases by 39%, and its adsorption capacity of CO 2 per surface area is almost two times of that on ZIF‐8 at 298 K and 25 bar. H 2 O uptake on the ED‐ZIF‐8 become obviously lower compared to the ZIF‐8. The ED‐ZIF‐8 selectivity for CO 2 /N 2 adsorption gets significantly improved, and is up to 23 and 13.9 separately at 0.1 and 0.5 bar, being almost twice of those of the ZIF‐8. The isosteric heat of CO 2 adsorption (Q st ) on the ED‐ZIF‐8 becomes higher, while Q st of N 2 gets slightly lower compared to those on the ZIF‐8 Furthermore, it suggests that the postsynthetic modification of the ZIF‐8 not only improves its adsorption capacity of CO 2 greatly, but also enhances its adsorption selectivity for CO 2 /N 2 /H 2 O significantly. ©2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2195–2206, 2013
Obesity Is Associated With Immunometabolic Changes in Adi-Pose Tissue That May Drive Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer: Immune-Metabolic Reprogramming and Novel Therapeutic Strategies (2023)

White adipose tissue (WAT) has evolved to slowly mobilise energy stores in the form of lipids and a dynamic endocrine and immunologically active organ that regulates energy homeostasis. Breast WAT is involved not only in the biosynthesis of important molecular mediators but is also reported to be linked to the metastatic potential of breast tumours. The role of adiposity and consequently the role of systemic inflammation in immune responses and resistance to anti-cancer treatment in breast cancer (BC) patients is however still not clear. This review aims to evaluate the emerging evidence on the crosstalk between adiposity and the immune-tumour microenvironment in BC, its progression and treatment resistance. Adiposity, and by extension subclinical inflammation, are associated with metabolic dysfunction and changes in the immune-tumour microenvironment in BC. In oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumours, it is proposed that these changes are mediated via a paracrine interaction between macrophages and preadipocytes leading to elevated aromatase expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the breast tissue in patients who are obese or overweight. In HER2+ breast tumours, WAT inflammation has been reported to induce trastuzumab resistance via activation of MAPK or PI3K signalling pathways. Furthermore, adipose tissue in patients with obesity is associated with upregulation of immune checkpoints on T-cells that is partially mediated via immunomodulatory effects of leptin and has been paradoxically associated with improved responses to immunotherapy in several cancers. In conclusion, evidence suggests that body composition and metabolic status are associated with patient outcomes. In order to optimise patient stratification and personalisation of treatment prospective studies are required to evaluate the role of body composition and metabolic parameters in metabolic immune reprogramming with and without immunotherapy in patients with BC.
Three-dimensional imaging laser radar with a photon-counting avalanche photodiode array and microchip laser (2002)

We have developed a threedimensional imaging laser radar featuring 3-cm range resolution and single-photon sensitivity. This prototype direct-detection laser radar employs compact, all-solid-state technology for the laser and detector array. The source is a Nd:YAG microchip laser that is diode pumped, passively Q-switched, and frequency doubled. The detector is a gated, passively quenched, two-dimensional array of silicon avalanche photodiodes operating in Geigermode. After describing the system in detail, we present a three-dimensional image, derive performance characteristics, and discuss our plans for future imaging three-dimensional laser radars.
Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, and Induction of Healing in Chronic Wounds (2005)

A key central stage of wound healing requires neovascularization of the wound base granulation tissue. In the adult, neovascularization is now known to occur by both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Understanding the biology of these 2 processes offers promising new therapeutic options for patients who suffer from chronic, nonhealing ischemic wounds. The authors review the current literature on the processes of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis and how it relates to wound healing.
Supervised Exercise Intervention and Overall Activity in CKD (2020)

Engaging in a supervised exercise program does not increase overall weekly physical activity in individuals with stage 3 to 4 CKD.
Direct Measurement of Fast Electron Spin−Lattice Relaxation:  Method and Application to Nitroxide Radical Solutions and Gd3+ Contrast Agents (2001)

A modulation technique for direct measurement of extremely fast electron spin−lattice relaxation is described. The method is based on longitudinal magnetization detection. It is applied here to study the spin−lattice relaxation times T1e in aqueous solutions of perdeuterated nitroxide radical (T1e ≈ 200 ns) with various concentrations as well as to two Gd DOTA complexes (T1e ≈ 1.8−3.2 ns), which can be employed as paramagnetic contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging.
Current developments on optical asphere and freeform metrology (2015)

Two techniques for the measurement of aspheres as well as freeforms are presented. The first method, the tilted wave interferometer, is a full aperture interferometric measurement method without any moving parts during the measurement. The second method applies an optical single point sensor in conjunction with two translational and one rotational axes. Both techniques are compared by measuring a selected asphere and a special freeform surface. Differences between both measurement principles are discussed.
Mercury Removal from Flue Gas with Particles Generated by SO3−NH3 Reactions (2004)

A lab-scale experimental apparatus was used to investigate mercury removal using particles generated from a simulated flue gas containing 10−40 ppb of gaseous elemental mercury at 178 °C. This operating temperature was chosen to represent the flue gas temperature after the air preheater in a typical power plant. The particles, mostly ammonium sulfates as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, were generated by the gas-phase reaction of SO3 and NH3 by maintaining 20−50 ppm SO3 with NH3/SO3 molar ratio of 2. The generated particles were captured by the glass-fiber filter which was also maintained at 178 °C. The results showed that as high as 49% of elemental mercury was captured by the particles.
Contrasting roles of histone 3 lysine 27 demethylases in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (2014)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is a haematological malignancy with a poor prognosis and no available targeted therapies; now two histone H3 lysine 27 demethylases, JMJD3 and UTX, are shown to have contrasting roles in human T-ALL cells and a mouse model of the disease, and a small molecule demethylase inhibitor is found to inhibit the growth of T-ALL cell lines, introducing a potential therapeutic avenue for acute leukaemia.
Identification of limitations in functioning in patients with Multiple Sclerosis using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (2008)

Objective: To identify limitations in areas of functioning (body functions and structures activities and areas of participation) and relevant environmental factors in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Shadow Removal Using Bilateral Filtering (2012)

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective shadow removal method using a single input image. We first derive a 2-D intrinsic image from a single RGB camera image based solely on colors, particularly chromaticity. We next present a method to recover a 3-D intrinsic image based on bilateral filtering and the 2-D intrinsic image. The luminance contrast in regions with similar surface reflectance due to geometry and illumination variances is effectively reduced in the derived 3-D intrinsic image, while the contrast in regions with different surface reflectance is preserved. However, the intrinsic image contains incorrect luminance values. To obtain the correct luminance, we decompose the input RGB image and the intrinsic image. Each image is decomposed into a base layer and a detail layer. We obtain a shadow-free image by combining the base layer from the input RGB image and the detail layer from the intrinsic image such that the details of the intrinsic image are transferred to the input RGB image from which the correct luminance values can be obtained. Unlike previous methods, the presented technique is fully automatic and does not require shadow detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Chemical Stability and Cyclability in Li2S—P2S5—P2O5 —ZnO Composite Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. (2014)

Abstract 75Li 2 S‐ (25‐x)P 2 S 5 ‐xP 2 O 5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol%) sulfide glasses with high Li + ion conductivity are prepared by planetary ball milling of the constituent compounds (510 rpm, 35 h).
Introduction to the Special Section on State and Parameter Estimation Methods for Sensorless Drives (2018)

Abstract This short article constitutes an introductory part of the Special Section (SS) on State and Parameter Estimation Methods in Sensorless Drives. In the current issue of the journal, the first part of this section is published. Accepted articles are focussed mainly on estimation of the state variables and parameters for vector-controlled induction motor (IM) drives, using different concepts, such as different types of Kalman filters (KFs) and model reference adaptive systems (MRASs). The KF was also proposed for brushless DC motor (BLDC). Also, neural networks (NNs) have been proposed for mechanical state variables’ estimation of the drive system with elastic couplings.
Next Generation Sequencing of Ancient Fungal Specimens: The Case of the Saccardo Mycological Herbarium (2018)

Despite their essential role in the environment, the number of known fungal species is still low compared to the recent estimates of the fungal biodiversity, principally because of their often cryptic or ambiguous morphological traits. Recent studies have reported that the number of fungal DNA sequences deposited in public DNA databases and representing correctly a species appears dramatically low (approx. 120,000) when compared with the estimated total number of species (approx. from 2.2 to 3.8 million). Thus, the linkage of curated DNA sequence data to expertly identified voucher specimens is of fundamental importance to fill the present gap between the different sizes of described and sequenced fungal diversity. To this purpose, the mycological herbarium collections are considered an important source for fungal DNA-barcoding, and collection-based sequencing is a relevant priority for the coming decades. Unfortunately, ancient herbarium samples have both time and conservation related DNA damages, besides exogenous DNA contamination, that make nucleic acid extraction and amplification challenging. Here, we present the results of DNA extraction, ITS2 amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 36 specimens from the Saccardo Mycological Herbarium that were collected in the late XIX century and assigned to the genus Peziza. High-throughput sequencing was chosen as an alternative to the conventional Sanger- and cloning-based methods to overcome the high fragmentation of the ancient DNA and the massive occurrence of non-target DNA from fungal contaminants. Our approach has permitted to assign ITS2 sequences to 23 out of the 36 specimens studied in this work, thus providing a univocal DNA sequence for those one century old samples. Furthermore, the ITS2 sequence analysis has permitted a taxonomic study of the samples that has resulted in a revaluation of 5 samples at the species level and 18 samples at genus or higher level. Our results highlight the possibility to apply the technique presented in this work also to the old and more precious type specimens in order to relate a DNA sequence to the species distinctive sample, coupling the traditional morphological description of the species with a DNA sequence.
Numerical Simulation on the Photovoltaic Behavior of an Amorphous-Silicon Nanowire-Array Solar Cell (2009)

In this letter, we propose an amorphous-silicon (a-Si) solar cell with a nanowire-array structure. The proposed structure has photon absorption and carrier transport that are perpendicular to each other, which could overcome the efficiency limit of an a-Si solar cell. This nanowire structure has an n-type a-Si nanowire array in which the i-layer and the p-layer a-Si are sequentially grown along the surface of the nanowire. Under illumination, light is absorbed along the axial direction of the nanowire, and carrier transport is along the radial direction. Numerical simulations show that the photocurrent of the a-Si solar cell with a 4000-nm-long nanowire is nearly 40% more than that of a planar a-Si solar cell. A conversion efficiency of 11.6% was obtained, which is around 32% enhancement.
Light Weight Design for a Concept Sports Car Using Composite Material (2013)

Light weight design is critical to a sports car. In the study, a prototype of the newly developed modern classical concept sports car was presented. The design process followed the common vehicle design procedure starting from blue print, clay model and then vehicle build. The structure was designed and analyzed using Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools. A space frame design concept was proposed based on the topology optimization results. Carbon composite material was used for light weight structure design. Three-step design optimization process was proposed to use for the detailed composite vehicle structure design with the consideration of manufacturing constraints. The thickness, fiber orientation and stack sequence were obtained through the optimization process. Manufacturing constraints could be imposed to the optimization process in order to obtain a practical design that could be manufactured. A design with total structure weight of 296.7 kg was obtained. It was a much lighter design compared to the earlier metal structure design.
From GPS traces to a routable road map (2009)

This paper presents a method for automatically converting raw GPS traces from everyday vehicles into a routable road network. The method begins by smoothing raw GPS traces using a novel aggregation technique. This technique pulls together traces that belong on the same road in response to simulated potential energy wells created around each trace. After the traces are moved in response to the potential fields, they tend to coalesce into smooth paths. To help adjust the parameters of the constituent potential fields, we present a theoretical analysis of the behavior of our algorithm on a few different road configurations. With the resulting smooth traces, we apply a custom clustering algorithm to create a graph of nodes and edges representing the road network. We show how this network can be used to plan reasonable driving routes, much like consumer-oriented mapping Web sites. We demonstrate our algorithms using real GPS data collected on public roads, and we evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on public roads, and we evaluate the effectiveness of our approach by comparing the route planning results suggested by our generated graph to a commercial route planner.
Critical Current Measurement in Three-in-One High-Temperature Superconducting Cables (2016)

This paper discusses the measurement of critical current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> in three-in-one high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables. It is difficult to measure the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> of long-length HTS cables by simply connecting a dc power supply to both ends of a single cable core. We propose a go-and-return method, in which the HTS conductor layers of two of the three cores are used to carry current in both directions. A current in the opposite direction is induced in the HTS shield layers. However, the current induction is less than that from ac transmission, and magnetic field leaks from each core. As a result, the measured I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> value becomes smaller than the sum of the wires' I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> . We used a transient electromagnetic simulation, taking into account the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> -B characteristics of the wires. The estimated I-V waveforms for the 30- and 240-m cable systems are comparable with the measured ones. We have established a practical I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> measuring technique that can be used with long-length HTS cable.