gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and improvement of damping factor based on virtual synchronous generator control (2016)

In virtual synchronous generator (VSG), constant damping factor control method is often used to reduce the active power oscillation. However, constant damping factor control would result in errors in proportional active power sharing when implemented in islanding microgrid because it changes the equivalent droop coefficient of inverter. In this paper, the small-signal models of inverter based on VSG are built first, for both grid-connected mode and islanded mode, to analyze the oscillation of output active power, in order to understand the effect of damping factor. Then this paper analyzes the problem that the constant damping factor control influences the active power sharing. Furthermore, an improved damping control method based on PI regulator is proposed to solve the active power sharing problem. In addition some root locus for the VSG based on improved damping control method are provided to study the effect of the improved damping control on the system stability and dynamic behavior. Simulation results are presented to validate the improved damping control method.
Calcium gradients and light-evoked calcium changes outside rods in the intact cat retina (1994)

We have studied light-evoked changes in extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) in the intact cat eye using ion-sensitive double-barreled microelectrodes. Two prominent changes in Ca2+ concentration were observed that differed in retinal location. There was a light-evoked increase in [Ca2+]o, accompanied by brief ON and OFF transients, which was maximal in the inner plexiform layer and was not further studied. There was an unexpected sustained light-evoked decrease in [Ca2+]o, of relatively rapid onset and offset, which was maximal in the distalmost region of the subretinal space (SRS). [Ca2+]o in the SRS was 1.0 mM higher than in the vitreous humor during dark adaptation and this transretinal gradient disappeared during rod-saturating illumination. After correcting for the light-evoked increase in the volume of the SRS, an increase in the total Ca2+ content of the SRS during illumination was revealed, which presumably represents the Ca2+ released by rods. To explain the light-evoked [Ca2+]o changes, we used the diffusion model described in the accompanying paper (Li et al., 1994b), with the addition of light-dependent sources of Ca2+ at the retina/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) border and rod outer segments. We conclude that a drop in [Ca2+]o around photoreceptors, which persists during illumination and reduces a transretinal Ca2+ gradient, is the combined effect of the light-evoked SRS volume increase, Ca2+ release from photoreceptors, and an unidentified mechanism(s), which is presumably Ca2+ transport by the RPE. The relatively rapid onset and offset of the [Ca2+]o decrease remains unexplained. These steady-state shifts in [Ca2+]o should have significant effects on photoreceptor function, especially adaptation.
Menstrual changes influence method use. (1998)

Modern methods of contraception are associated with a range of disturbances in menstrual bleeding patterns and these changes can result in user refusal to start or continue using a method. Many providers dismiss or minimize menstrual disruptions when presenting contraceptive choices to clients or responding to complaints about such side effects. However, in certain religious and cultural groups, deviations from normal menstrual bleeding patterns can have profound effects on women's lives. This reality must be taken into account by providers when considering the acceptability of contraceptive methods that change menstrual patterns. To facilitate such counseling, this article details the impact on menstruation of hormonal methods, progestin-only injectables, monthly injectables, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and sterilization.
An improved method of protoplast regeneration for Bacillus species and its application to protoplast fusion and transformation. (1984)

An improved method for regenerating Bacillus subtilis protoplasts at the frequency of 92-100% on a semi-synth tic medium was found. Protoplasts were preincubated in HCP-3 medium, an isotonic semi-synthetic medium supplemented with polyvinylpyrrolidone, and then plated on HCP-1.5 agar medium by overlaying. By this method, even on the regeneration medium supplemented with minimal nutritional requirements protoplasts regenerated at a frequency of as high as 20%. The modified method was applicable to the direct-selection of prototrophic recombinants after fusion (the highest recombination yield from the input protoplasts was 1.3%) and to protoplast transformation with plasmid DNA.
Energy-Efficient Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Translucent Optical Networks (2014)

We study the energy-efficient routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in translucent WDM networks, taking into account transmission limits of optical signals and the consequent need for signal regeneration. The problem is formulated through an integer linear programming model, and a heuristic algorithm called least regeneration first (LRF) is proposed to solve it in large networks. We first show that taking into account physical layer impairments and the consequent possible regeneration is mandatory to achieve satisfactory energy efficiency in RWA algorithms. In this respect, results show that LRF is much more efficient than &#x201C;impairment unaware&#x201D; RWA algorithms. Then, we assess the energy efficiency achievable with different modulation formats using the proposed LRF algorithm in single-line-rate networks. Finally, the case of mixed-line-rate networks is also considered, and a heuristic method is proposed to efficiently decide the set of connections, at different bit rates, to be assigned to each traffic demand, with the goal of minimizing the total consumed power. Results show that this method is able to achieve power saving up to 25%.
Wind Effect on the Evaporation Rate (1971)

Abstract A model of an evaporating surface is proposed which consists of four levels: a lower boundary, a vapor source, an interface with the atmosphere, and an upper level. There are resistances to heat and vapor flow between these levels and energy balance and continuity equations can be used to solve for the various fluxes in the system. For any given set of boundary conditions the surface temperature of a given evaporating medium (leaf or soil) may vary within a range as a function of wind speed. It turns out that according to this model there is a discontinuity in the behavior of the system between very low internal resistances to vapor flow and no resistance at all (wet surface). When the atmospheric resistance is smaller than a critical value, then, if the internal resistances vanish, a sudden increase in the evaporation rate and a decrease in the surface temperature are predicted. Calculations for high values of the internal resistance indicate the existence of a maximum in the evaporation vs atmo...
Minimization of radiation dose exposure during a PCI procedure (2016)

Introduction: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is cardiovascular disease. The disease is mainly caused by reduction in size of the arterial vessels in the heart which disturb the blood flow supplying oxygen to the heart. Narrowed blood vessels are often treated with a method called Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). When performing a PCI procedure, a plastic tube called a catheter is used. This catheter is often equipped with a balloon in the end, that can be inflated by the doctor at the desired location in the vessel. The catheter is guided through the arteries up to the narrowed vessel and the narrowing is opened by inflating the balloon. The guidance of the catheter is performed using X-rays. The X-rays used in the examination may lead to devastating injuries for both the patient and the staff who work in the examination room if they are not accurately protected. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to find ways to reduce radiation dose during an interventional procedure. The improvements were found by investigating the workflow and the technical factors that the clinic was working with when this thesis was initiated. Method: The thesis is divided into three different parts; a litterature study, a pre-study and a pilot study. The literature study had the aim to find out which factors affect the dose during a PCI procedure. In the pre-study a number of parameters were tested on the basis of both image quality and dose. The goal of the pre-study was to investigate suitable parameters that could be changed and used in the pilot study. In the pilot study a new dose protocol was implemented in the machine and used when examining the patients. A total of 70 patients were evaluated based on procedure type, physiological parameters of the patient and the dose delivered during the procedure. These parameters were then compared with retrospective data. Both the pre-study and the pilot study were performed at Vrinnevi Hospital in collaboration with GE Healthcare. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study showed no significant differences between retrospective data and the data received after implementation of the new protocol. However significant results were not expected due to the small sample size. This work can be used as a proposal for a larger pivotal study and demonstrates the importance of constantly working to minimize the dose delivered during a PCI examination.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Uptake and Transport in Plants: The Good, the Bad, and the Ionome. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The N.m.r. Spectrum of Pisatin (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe N.m.r. Spectrum of PisatinD. D. Perrin and Dawn R. PerrinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 10, 1922–1925Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00869a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00869a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Preparation of 1,3-Dioxole and 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxole (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of 1,3-Dioxole and 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxoleN. D. FieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 16, 3504–3507Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01477a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01477a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views563Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overlay, Graphical (2017)

Overlay is the concept of placing one layer of information on top of another to analyze the spatial relationships of features. With the advancement of computer technology, numerous software platforms and computer programs have been developed to facilitate spatial analysis, including the function of overlay. Vector overlay methods involve point‐in‐polygon overlays, line‐in‐polygon overlays, and polygon‐polygon overlays. Raster overlays work on cells and grids with values, which allow mathematical computation of the layers for spatial information retrieval and analysis. The applications of graphical overlay include meteorological predictions and climate analysis.
Peru-15, an Improved Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine Candidate for Vibrio cholerae O1 (1995)

Cholera vaccine candidate Peru-15 was derived from a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain by deleting the cholera toxin genetic element, introducing the gene encoding cholera toxin B subunit into recA, and screening for nonmotility. In a controlled study, Peru-15 (2 x 10(8) cfu) was administered to 11 volunteers. No vaccinee developed diarrhea, and 10 of 11 had > 4-fold rises in vibriocidal antibody titers. One month later, 5 vaccinees and 5 control volunteers were challenged with wild type V. cholerae O1. Four of 5 controls developed diarrhea (mean, 1.9 L). Two Peru-15 vaccinees developed diarrhea, 1 with < 0.3 L and 1 with approximately 1.0 L; this latter volunteer had not developed a significant vibriocidal immune response to vaccination. Peru-15 shows promise as a single-dose, oral cholera vaccine that is safe, immunogenic, and protective.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A: a candidate for the amplification of physiological immunoregulatory responses in the gut (2010)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is one of the bacterial products tested for modulation of unwanted immune responses. Of all the staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEA is the most potent stimulator of T cells. When administered orally, SEA acts as a superantigen (SA), producing unspecific stimulation of intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the intestinal mucosa. This stimulation results in amplification of the normal local immunologic responses, which are mainly regulatory. This amplification is based on increased local production of IFN-γ by IELs, which acts on the nearby enterocytes. As a result, the enterocytes produce large amounts of tolerosomes, cellular corpuscles which detach themselves from the basal poles of the enterocytes and contain antigenic peptides that are conditioned to be interpreted as tolerogenic by the gut immune system. Tolerosomes are physiologically produced as a response to dietary peptides; it is already known that enterocytes posses the molecular mechanisms for processing peptides in a similar manner to lymphocytes. The fate of tolerosomes is not precisely known, but it seems that they merge with intestinal dendritic cells, conveying to them the information that orally administered peptides must be interpreted as tolerogens. SEA can stimulate this mechanism, thus favoring the development of tolerance to peptides/proteins administered subsequently via the oral route. This characteristic of SEA might be useful in therapy for regulating immune responses. The present paper reviews the current status of research regarding the impact of SEA on the enteric immune system and its potential use in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study (2004)

In Tanzania, malaria is commonly overdiagnosed in people presenting with severe febrile illness, especially in those living in areas with low to moderate transmission and in adults. This is associated with a failure to treat alternative causes of severe infection. Diagnosis needs to be improved and syndromic treatment considered. Routine hospital data may overestimate mortality from malaria by over twofold.
Mode of Action of Nisin Z against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A Grown at High and Low Temperatures (1994)

Nisin Z, a natural nisin variant, was recently isolated from Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis NIZO 22186. The gene for this lantibiotic, designated nisZ, has been cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was found to be identical to that of the precursor nisin gene with the exception of a single mutation resulting in the substitution of Asn-27 for His-27 in the mature polypeptide (J. W. M. Mulders, I. J. Boerrigter, H. S. Rollema, R. J. Siezen, and W. M. de Vos, Eur. J. Biochem. 201:581-584, 1991). A K electrode was used to investigate the effect of various environmental parameters on the action of nisin Z against Listeria monocytogenes. Addition of nisin Z resulted in immediate loss of cell K, depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibition of respiratory activity, and hydrolysis and partial efflux of cellular ATP. The action of nisin Z was optimal at pH 6.0 and was significantly reduced by di- and trivalent cations. The lanthanide gadolinium (Gd) was an efficient inhibitor and prevented nisin Z activity completely at a concentration of 0.2 mM. Nisin Z-induced loss of cell K was reduced at low temperatures, presumably as a result of the increased ordering of the lipid hydrocarbon chains in the cytoplasmic membrane. In cells grown at 30 degrees C, the action of nisin Z was prevented below 7 degrees C, whereas in cells grown at 4 degrees C nisin Z was able to induce K leakage at this low temperature.
Search for magnetoresistance in excess of 1000% in Ni point contacts: Density functional calculations (2007)

Electronic transport in nickel magnetic point contacts is investigated with a combination of density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function method in the linear response limit. In particular, we address the possibility of huge ballistic magnetoresistance in impurity-free point contacts and the effects of oxygen impurities. On-site corrections over the local spin density approximation for the exchange and correlation potential, namely, the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ method, are applied in order to account for low coordination and strong correlations. We show that impurity-free point contacts present magnetoresistance never in excess of 50%. This value can raise up to about 450% in the case of oxygen contamination. These results suggest that magnetoresistance in excess of 1000% cannot have solely electronic origin.
Locating Centers of Mass with Image Processing (2019)

The center of mass of a rigid body is a unique point that represents the mean position of all matter that composes it. Allowing representing complex bodies as a single point, this concept is underlying the basis of all essential mechanical calculations, and is therefore a crucial consideration in engineering. The paper shows how to devise a fast and convenient way of locating the centroid of planar objects of different shapes. For several shapes that can be represented as regions bounded by graphs of functions, this point can be found by using integral calculus. However, solving for the center of mass by hand is not only quite tedious, but also inapplicable to objects of arbitrary shape. Thus, it is decided to write a Python-based program that would implement computer vision techniques to scan through images depicting different objects and locate their centroids. For geometric bodies, the results produced by the program are aligned with those predicted by integral calculations. Moreover, the program is also able to successfully mark the centroids of arbitrary shapes, meaning that it is applicable to any possible planar object. The results are then proven experimentally by balancing the analyzed objects about the identified point.
Understanding the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes in adolescence (2004)

A focus on its epidemiology, pathology, and therapeutic consequences

The definition of diabetes mellitus (DM) was recently changed by the American Diabetes Association to a fasting plasma glucose value of at least 126 mg/dl (6.9 mmol/l), on the basis of increased risk of the complication of retinopathy.1 It has been estimated that worldwide approximately 154 million people have diabetes,2 with up to one third of the cases remaining undiagnosed in developed countries such as the USA.3 Its human cost is considerable with morbidity from retinopathy, neuropathy, renal failure, and vascular disease, in addition to the socioeconomic burden. Additional lifetime health costs attributable to DM have been estimated at £19 649 per affected individual in the UK.4

Since the introduction of insulin therapy, a clear distinction has been established between the form of DM where insulin is immediately needed (type 1 or insulin dependent DM), and that where there is a danger of hypoglycaemia, where insulin therapy represents a “luxury” (type 2 diabetes (T2D) or non-insulin dependent DM). The latter is far more frequently associated with obesity and a “gluttonous appetite”.5 Age is a distinguishing feature: an age ⩾40 years predicts T2D with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100%.6

However, nearly 25 years ago, North American authors first drew attention to the occurrence of T2D in young Pima Indians.7 Pinhas-Hamiel from Cincinnati highlighted the incidence of this condition in black adolescents;8 subsequently Hispano-American adolescents have been found to be affected. This concerned US health authorities sufficiently for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to order a specific committee to investigate.10

In greater Cincinnati, the incidence of T2D among young people suddenly increased from 0.3–1.2/100 000 new cases per year before 1992 to 2.4/100 000 by 1994 (one third …
Massive Information Storage, Management, and Use (1989)

This report is an edited version of a proposal submitted to the NSF Institutional Infrastructure program in September 1987 and funded in July 1988. The financial data and other supplementary information have been omitted, but the technical sections are unchanged. The proposal builds on the current research of a broad spectrum of the Computer Science faculty and at the same time expands our computing paradigm in the direction of current and future changes in technology. The funded project subsequently named the Mammoth project, provides the infrastructure (equipment, its maintenance, and support staff) to investigate many questions concerning the management of massive amounts of information, its efficient storage and fast retrieval on large capacity secondary storage media, its movement in high-storage high-capacity networks, and the facilitation by fast large-main-memory machines of its complex manipulation. The Mammoth project both enhances and integrates various independently funded research projects that are summarized is the technical sections of this report. The reader can gain overview of the Mammoth-related aspects so much, but certainly not all, of the research activities of the Computer Science Faculty as they existed in the fall of 1987.