gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a lead-free flip chip assembly process (2004)

The integration of passive components into a single chip was developed to meet the increasing demands on cost and size reduction of the current RF power amplifier modules. Flip chip assembly on a laminate substrate using lead-free solder bumps was used for the module level assembly. In this paper, the detailed investigation of the assembly process is reported. This includes, among others, solder paste printing, flip chip placement and underfill application. The challenge of this flip chip assembly was the lead-free processing in both first level and second level interconnects and the required short throughput time from the pre-development to the mass production in the factory. First an orientation study was performed to find an optimum process window and two potential underfill candidates. Samples were made with the optimum process setting. To verify the process feasibility, thermal shock testing, moisture sensitivity assessment and high temperature storage testing were carried out. The reliability test results showed that one type of underfill performed very well, while another one could not meet the reliability requirements. The root failure cause with the troublesome underfill was found not to be caused by the assembly process but to be related to the underfill material and the via construction in the substrate.
Muscarinic receptors regulate auditory and prefrontal cortical communication during auditory processing (2018)

Abstract Much of our understanding about how acetylcholine modulates prefrontal cortical (PFC) networks comes from behavioral experiments that examine cortical dynamics during highly attentive states. However, much less is known about how PFC is recruited during passive sensory processing and how acetylcholine may regulate connectivity between cortical areas outside of task performance. To investigate the involvement of PFC and cholinergic neuromodulation in passive auditory processing, we performed simultaneous recordings in the auditory cortex (AC) and PFC in awake head fixed mice presented with a white noise auditory stimulus in the presence or absence of local cholinergic antagonists in AC. We found that a subset of PFC neurons were strongly driven by auditory stimuli even when the stimulus had no associative meaning, suggesting PFC monitors stimuli under passive conditions. We also found that cholinergic signaling in AC shapes the strength of auditory driven response in PFC, by modulating the intra-cortical sensory response through muscarinic interactions in AC. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence that cholinergic mechanisms have a continuous role in cortical gating through muscarinic receptors during passive processing and expand traditional views of prefrontal cortical function and the contributions of cholinergic modulation in sensory gating. Highlights Prefrontal cortex actively monitors non-associative stimuli under passive conditions Acetylcholine facilitates cortical signaling even outside of attentional contexts Local scopolamine infusion reduced intracortical signaling and impaired cortical gating mAChR have an ongoing role in sound processing
A Decentralized CR System Algorithm for Cognitive Borrowing Scheme from Primary Users (2006)

With the wireless technology development, more and more standards are declared for certain purpose and many of them have to share the same radio frequency spectrum. On the other hand,because many requests from unstable traffic use the peak rate and some behavior of bursted traffic, the utilization of the channel might be low in most of the time. Therefore, the radio frequency spectra are treasurable and issues about increasing or balancing spectrum utilization become more important. CR (cognitive radio) technique is now developing for solving this critical problem. CR technique includes many aspects of researches, such as reusing spectrum holes invisibly, learning form users' behavior, adjusting changes form the environment automatically, and so on. This paper gives out a cognitive borrowing algorithm which can ensure the QoS of primary users. By using this algorithm with environment scanning capability, CR traffics raise the utilization of the channel with only rare damage to prior users. Moreover, the algorithm has the advantages of decentralized system, flexibility, low computing complexity, and fairness
Ultrasmooth Patterned Metals for Plasmonics and Metamaterials (2009)

Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves that can exist at metal interfaces because of coupling between light and free electrons. Restricted to travel along the interface, these waves can be channeled, concentrated, or otherwise manipulated by surface patterning. However, because surface roughness and other inhomogeneities have so far limited surface-plasmon propagation in real plasmonic devices, simple high-throughput methods are needed to fabricate high-quality patterned metals. We combined template stripping with precisely patterned silicon substrates to obtain ultrasmooth pure metal films with grooves, bumps, pyramids, ridges, and holes. Measured surface-plasmon-propagation lengths on the resulting surfaces approach theoretical values for perfectly flat films. With the use of our method, we demonstrated structures that exhibit Raman scattering enhancements above 10(7) for sensing applications and multilayer films for optical metamaterials.
Drastic Enhancement of SCR of NO over Ir Catalyst through Formation of Metallic Iridium on Na-zeolite (2004)

Abstract The co-existence of both CO and H2 and the use of Na-zeolite supports leads to effective NO reduction below 500 K for the SCR of NO over low loaded (0.5 wt %) Ir catalyst, which was attributed to the formation of metallic iridium species.
Beta-blockade enhances anthracycline control of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (2023)

Beta-adrenergic blockade has been associated with improved cancer survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. In clinical epidemiological analyses, we identified a relationship between beta-blocker use and anthracycline chemotherapy in protecting against TNBC progression, disease recurrence, and mortality. We recapitulated the effect of beta-blockade on anthracycline efficacy in xenograft mouse models of TNBC. In metastatic 4T1.2 and MDA-MB-231 mouse models of TNBC, beta-blockade improved the efficacy of the anthracycline doxorubicin by reducing metastatic development. We found that anthracycline chemotherapy alone, in the absence of beta-blockade, increased sympathetic nerve fiber activity and norepinephrine concentration in mammary tumors through the induction of nerve growth factor (NGF) by tumor cells. Moreover, using preclinical models and clinical samples, we found that anthracycline chemotherapy up-regulated β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor expression and amplified receptor signaling in tumor cells. Neurotoxin inhibition of sympathetic neural signaling in mammary tumors using 6-hydroxydopamine or genetic deletion of NGF or β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor in tumor cells enhanced the therapeutic effect of anthracycline chemotherapy by reducing metastasis in xenograft mouse models. These findings reveal a neuromodulatory effect of anthracycline chemotherapy that undermines its potential therapeutic impact, which can be overcome by inhibiting β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Supplementing anthracycline chemotherapy with adjunctive β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic antagonists represents a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing the clinical management of TNBC.
The structure of the methanol adduct of tris-(8-quinolinolato)-chromium(III) (1968)

K. Folting, M. M. Cox, J. W. Moore and L. L. Merritt, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1170b DOI: 10.1039/C1968001170B
ChemInform Abstract: Abnormally High Reactivity of the Vinyl Hydrogen Toward Singlet Oxygen in a Twisted 1,3‐Diene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DENTAL AND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GENERAL ANESTHESIA OF THE PATIENT WITH MENTAL RETARDATION (2006)

Many patients with mental retardation need extensive dental treatment because they have much difficulty in maintaining their oral hygiene. However, because they are not cooperative and not manageable, they require physical restraints, drug induced sedation or general anesthesia. General anesthesia is useful in control of the patients who cannot be treated in other ways. Additionally, general anesthesia provides more safe environment for medically compromised patients. And medical treatment can be provided simultaneously under general anesthesia. Furthermore, almost all treatment can be provided without visiting several times. This case reports of periodontal, restorative and ophthalmological treatment of patient with mental retardation under general anesthesia.
Towards the UPnP-UP: Enabling User Profile to Support Customized Services in UPnP Networks (2008)

In a nutshell, UPnP aims to enable simple and robust connectivity among consumer electronics, intelligent appliances and mobile devices from many different vendors. Nowadays, it is getting an increasing popularity due to its robust way of connecting devices and the massive number of already developed applications, complementing the useful new era of pervasive computing. Although UPnP is an easy-to-use solution for discovery, which allows controlled devices to share and access users contents, it does neither provide user authentication nor authorization mechanisms, requirements that would require user's data on personal profiles. As a consequence, we propose an extension of the UPnP protocol called UPnP-UP, which allows user authentication and authorization for UPnP devices and applications. The primary goal of our proposed extension is to modify the current UPnP specification as less as possible, maintaining backwards compatibility with previous versions of the protocol. Furthermore, we present our efforts on the development of a UPnP framework for publishing and accessing multimedia contents in order to support this extension as a case of study.
17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin induces the degradation of androgen receptor and HER-2/neu and inhibits the growth of prostate cancer xenografts. (2002)

These data demonstrate that, at a tolerable dose, inhibition of Hsp90 function by 17-AAG results in a marked reduction in HER2, AR, and Akt expression and inhibition of prostate tumor growth in mice. These results suggest that this drug may represent a new strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Performance of linear minimum‐output energy receiver for self and alien crosstalk mitigation in upstream vectored very high‐speed digital subscriber line (2015)

Linear zero‐forcing (ZF) canceller does not perform well in the presence of alien crosstalk (AXT) while the receivers based on minimum‐mean‐square‐error (MMSE) criterion require perfect knowledge of the noise covariance matrices. In this study, the authors consider the use of a constrained linear minimum‐output energy (MOE) receiver in the presence of self‐crosstalk and AXT in upstream vectored very high‐speed digital subscriber line systems, that does not require knowledge of the noise correlation matrices and can be trained using the received signals without the use of training sequences. They derive bounds on the performance of the MOE receiver in the digital subscriber line environment and show that it reaches the MMSE performance for self‐crosstalk cancellation. They also show that the performance of the proposed receiver lies in between that of the ZF receiver and the non‐linear ZF generalised decision feedback equaliser receiver. An adaptation of the canceller coefficients using MOE algorithm shows comparable performance to that of the least mean squares algorithm. The effect of noise correlation on the capacity has also been highlighted via the Cramer‐Rao lower bound. Computer simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and demonstrate the performance of the proposed receiver.
Argali Ecology in Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve:Preliminary Findings (2003)

Little is known about the ecology of argali (Ovis ammon), a species listed as threatened in Mongoliaand internationally. We initiated research to better understand the species’ ecology and develop aconservation plan for the species. Here we report on preliminary finding from a radio telemetry study ofargali ecology. We captured and radio collared 22 argali, using drive nets, lamb captures, and dartingfrom 2000-2003. Eight collared animals have died: 2 due to capture techniques, 4 from predation, 1 fromstarvation and exposure, and 1 of unknown (not predation) causes. We collected 633 locations on the 22argali through September 2003, but acquired sufficient data for analyses for only 12 animals thus far.Animals primarily restricted their movements to the northern portion of Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve,and have not exhibited seasonal movement patterns. Mean home ranges were 47.46 ±4.21 km2 (Range =29.96 – 75.00 km2) using the 100% minimum convex polygon method, with smaller areas of predictedoccurrence (62.03 ±4.84 km2 for 95% kernel, 23.76 ±3.96 km2 for 75% kernel and 9.36 ±1.61 km2 for50% kernel home ranges). Predation by domestic dogs, previously unrecorded was an important earlyfinding of our work
Watt-level millimeter-wave monolithic diode-grid frequency multipliers (1988)

Watt-level cw solid-state sources in the millimeter-wave region are needed for plasma diagnostics. Monolithic metal-grid arrays containing in excess of 1000 Schottky diodes have produced watt-level output at 66 GHz in a doubler configuration, in excellent agreement with the large-signal predictions of the frequency multiplication. Current efforts are concentrated on fabricating and developing arrays of a novel barrier-intrinsic-N+ (BIN) diode which promise increased performance in a tripler configuration. Initial tests will be made for a configuration where a tripling efficiency of 35% at an output frequency of 100 GHz is predicted. Eventual goals are monolithic BIN diode grids operating at 1 THz.
Thermally stable nickel-molybdenum alloy catalysts supported on magnesium aluminate for high temperature methanation. (1982)

In order to get higher heat efficiency, the thermal stability of the Ni-Mo alloy catalyst supported on magnesium aluminate for high temperature methanation was tested. The test was carried out at 650°C, 80kg/cm2 and 15, 000hr-1 GHSV for several days using a gas mixture containing 15% of carbon monoxide, 45% of hydrogen and 40% of methane as a feed. As a result, the catalyst showed high thermal stability, that is, it exhibited sufficient activity for producing methane even at 350°C after completion of a 12-day test. Compared with it, Ni-Mo alloy catalysts supported on several magnesias and aluminas showed lower thermal stability. The reason for the higher thermal stability of the Ni-Mo alloy catalyst supported on magnesium aluminate was discussed based on the changes observed in catalyst composition, size of Ni-Mo alloy crystallites, Mo content in the alloy, carbon content and specific surface area during the test.
Electronically Controlled Drug Delivery (2019)

Introduction Electronically Assisted Drug Delivery: An Overview, B. Berner and S.M. Dinh Home-Based Circadian Optimized Cancer Chemotherapy, W.J.M. Hrushesky Fundamentals Electrical Properties of Skin, J. Singh, S. Dinh, and B. Berner Skin Tolerability: Irritation, S. Amin and H. Maibach Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of Temporal Delivery, R.R. Burnette Microelectronics, S. Wouters Iontophoresis of Peptides, M.B. Delgado-Charro and R.M. Guy Technical Applications Glucose Monitoring Using Electroosmotic Transdermal Extraction, J.A. Tamada and R.O. Potts Medtronic Synchro Med Infusion System, K. Heruth Electroporation, M. Prausnitz Phonophoresis, J. Kost Index Shelving Guide Category Pharmacology/Pharmaceutical Sciences Subcategory Controlled Release
Channel engineering for high speed sub-1.0 V power supply deep sub-micron CMOS (1999)

The effects of channel engineering on device performance have been extensively investigated. The lateral asymmetric channel (LAC) MOSFETs show significantly higher I/sub dsat/ and g/sub msat/, lower I/sub off/, and superior short-channel performance compared with double-halo (DH) and conventional MOSFETs by effectively utilizing the velocity overshoot effects. It is demonstrated that the device switching speed of the LAC device at V/sub DD/=0.6 V is equivalent to that of a conventional device operated at V/sub DD/=1.5 V.
Directional flow visualization of vector fields (1996)

The paper presents interactive flow visualization methods that highlight directional information in the flow field. An added benefit of the proposed methods is that they reduce the amount of data being displayed and hence reduce clutter. The main idea behind these methods is the use of light sources to select and highlight regions in the flow field with similar directions. Varying the lighting conditions, by moving the light source and/or adding more lights, emphasizes different vector directions, set of directions, and vectors within a specified angle of a particular direction. The methods are straight forward, computationally inexpensive, and can be combined with other techniques that use glyph representation and other flow geometry such as streamlines for feature visualization. The authors apply these methods to an analytic data set to help explain how they work, and then to a simulation data set to highlight flow reversals.
A Study on Conservation Materials of the Lacquer Wares : the Tohoe and Goksu (2015)

Specific techniques and materials in conservation of traditional lacquer has not been transmitted. This study aims to compare the basic characteristics of the filler which used in the base layer of lacquer conservation. Tohoe(a mixture of lacquer and Clay) and the three kinds of additives which is mixed with Tohoe and Goksu(a mixture of lacquer, wood powder and rice starch) are estimated in drying rate, impact resistance, abrasion. Among those samples, the more amount of clay causes fast dryness speed and worse cracks on the surface. The impact resistance is weakened at high amount of clay. There is no significant differences of impact resistance between both additives that is mixed with the samples and additives. The samples that are mixed with Goksu and additives show high impact resistance. In the polishing test, the more amount of filling powders show higher grinding degree and the sample that are mixed with wood powder and charcoal show higher degree as well. The highest grinding degree is Maekchil and Goksu but the lowest one is the sample of the rooftile powder mixture.
Activity of Ceftazidime–Avibactam Against Respiratory Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected in Latin America as Part of the INFORM Global Surveillance Program, 2014–2016 (2017)

Abstract Background The β-lactam/non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is active in vitro against isolates producing class A, C, and some class D β-lactamases, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, stably derepressed AmpC, and serine carbapenemases. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of CAZ-AVI and comparators against respiratory isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (Eba) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pae) collected in Latin America from 2014–2016 as part of the INFORM surveillance program. Methods Non-duplicate isolates from hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected from 24 medical centers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. Susceptibility (S) testing was performed by broth microdilution and interpreted using CLSI breakpoints except for CAZ-AVI (U.S. FDA) and colistin (EUCAST; Ebaonly). AVI was tested at a fixed concentration of 4 µg/mL with doubling dilutions of CAZ. Multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype was defined as resistant by CLSI breakpoints to sentinel agents from ≥3 drug classes. Isolates were screened for β-lactamase genes by PCR and sequencing. Results CAZ-AVI showed potent in vitro activity against Eba isolates (MIC90, 0.5 µg/mL; 99.3% S) and against CAZ-non-susceptible (CAZ-NS), colistin-resistant (CST-R) and MDR subsets (&amp;gt;93% S). CAZ-AVI activity against meropenem-non-susceptible (MEM-NS) Eba (89.7% S) was reduced due to production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL); MEM-NS MBL-negative isolates were 100% S. CAZ-AVI showed greater in vitro activity against Pae isolates (MIC90, 32 µg/mL; 85.4% S) than CAZ (69.2% S) or MEM (59.9% S). CAZ-AVI activity against CAZ-NS, CST-R, MEM-NS, MEM-NS MBL-negative, and MDR Paeisolates (50.4–92.6% S) also exceeded that of CAZ and MEM against these resistant subsets. Conclusion CAZ-AVI is a potential treatment option for respiratory infections in Latin America that are caused by Eba and Pae resistant to commonly used and last-in-line agents. Funding: This study was sponsored by AstraZeneca. The AstraZeneca product ceftazidime-avibactam was acquired by Pfizer in December 2016. Disclosures G. G. Stone, Pfizer: Employee, Salary AstraZeneca: Shareholder, Capital Gains
Heparan sulfate primed on β‐D‐xylosides restores binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (1995)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are obligatory for receptor binding and mitogenic activity of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells (pgsA-745) deficient in xylosyltransferase are unable to initiate glycosaminoglycan synthesis and hence can not bind bFGF to low- and high-affinity cell surface receptors. Exposure of pgsA-745 cells to beta-D-xylopyranosides containing hydrophobic aglycones resulted in restoration of bFGF binding in a manner similar to that induced by soluble heparin or by heparan sulfate (HS) normally associated with cell surfaces. Restoration of bF-GF binding correlated with the ability of the beta-D-xylosides to prime the synthesis of heparan sulfate. Thus, both heparan sulfate synthesis and bFGF receptor binding were induced by low concentrations (10-30 microM) of estradiol-beta-D-xyloside and naphthyl-beta-D-xyloside, but not by cis/trans-decahydro-2-naphthyl-beta-D-xyloside, which at low concentration primes mainly chondroitin sulfate. The obligatory involvement of xyloside-primed heparan sulfate in restoration of bFGF-receptor binding was also demonstrated by its sensitivity to heparinase treatment and by the lack of restoration activity in CHO cell mutants that lack enzymatic activities required to form the repeating disaccharide unit characteristic of heparan sulfate. Xyloside-primed heparan sulfate binds to the cell surface. Restoration of bFGF receptor binding was induced by both soluble and cell bound xyloside-primed heparan sulfate and was abolished in cells that were exposed to 0.5-1.0 M NaCl prior to the bFGF binding reaction. These results indicate that heparan sulfate chains produced on xyloside primers behave like heparan sulfate chains attached to cellular core proteins in terms of affinity for bFGF and ability to function as low-affinity sites in a dual receptor mechanism characteristic of bFGF and other heparin-binding growth promoting factors.