gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopic assessment of cervical punch biopsies in women followed-up for human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions. (1985)

Cervical punch biopsies from 102 women prospectively followed-up for HPV (Human papillomavirus) lesions (flat, inverted and papillomatous condylomas) were assessed on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the presence of HPV particles. The virus discovery rate was correlated with the other characteristics of significance to the clinical behaviour (natural history) of these lesions, i.e. the colposcopic pattern, expression of papillomavirus genus specific structural antigens (demonstrated by an indirect immunoperoxidase, IP-PAP technique), as well as the degree of HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Virus particles were disclosed with equal frequency in all three types of HPV lesions. Noteworthy, and so far unreported, was the discovery of HPV particles in 56 and 64% of the biopsies derived from the epithelium without colposcopic or histological evidence (cytopathic effects) of HPV lesions, respectively. The degree of CIN was without influence on the virus discovery rates. Viral particles were present with equal frequency (57 and 60%, respectively) in the lesions expressing HPV antigens and in those which did not. The highest frequency (89%) of viral particles was found in lesions presented with warty or mosaicism pattern in colposcopy. The implications of these findings to understanding the biology of HPV infections in the uterine cervix is discussed, and the importance of TEM in the follow-up of these lesions is emphasized.
Alternating zinc finger motifs in the male-associated protein ZFY: defining architectural rules by mutagenesis and design of an "Aromatic Swap" second-site revertant (1990)

We describe spectroscopic and biochemical studies of native and mutant Zn finger peptides from ZFY, a putative transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome. The parent peptide, based on ZFY domain 6, exhibits metal-dependent helix formation within a rigid tertiary framework. Nonaromatic substitutions of the consensus aromatic group (Tyr 10----Ser or Lys) are surprisingly compatible with native architecture but result in loss of stability to pH or guanidine denaturation. Remarkably, these perturbations are reverted by a second-site mutation in which an alternative aromatic residue is introduced (Ser 12----Phe). Design of the second-site revertant ("aromatic swap") is based on the ZFY two-finger repeat, a conserved symmetry among the ZFY-related zinc finger proteins, and is in accord with recent 2D NMR structures of Zn finger peptides. These experiments suggest general rules for metal-dependent folding of the Zn finger motif.
Addition of difluorocarbene to 1,4-polybutadienes. Synthesis and characterization of novel copolymers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of difluorocarbene to 1,4-polybutadienes. Synthesis and characterization of novel copolymersS. Siddiqui and R. E. CaisCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 595–603Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00157a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biotemplated synthesis of three-dimensional porous MnO/C-N nanocomposites from renewable rapeseed pollen: An anode material for lithium-ion batteries (2016)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently recognized as one of the most popular power sources available. To construct advanced LIBs exhibiting long-term endurance, great attention has been paid to enhancing their poor cycle stabilities. As the performance of LIBs is dependent on the electrode materials employed, the most promising approach to improve their life span is the design of novel electrode materials. We herein describe the rational design of a three-dimensional (3D) porous MnO/C-N nanoarchitecture as an anode material for long cycle life LIBs based on their preparation from inexpensive, renewable, and abundant rapeseed pollen (R-pollen) via a facile immersion-annealing route. Remarkably, the as-prepared MnO/C-N with its optimized 3D nanostructure exhibited a high specific capacity (756.5 mAh·g−1 at a rate of 100 mA·g−1), long life span (specific discharge capacity of 513.0 mAh·g−1, ~95.16% of the initial reversible capacity, after 400 cycles at 300 mA·g−1), and good rate capability. This material therefore represents a promising alternative candidate for the high-performance anode of next-generation LIBs.
MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY OF ANILINE, NAPHTHALENE, AND BENZENE (1980)

Wavelength dependent multiphoton photoionization with time of flight mass resolution has been recorded for areas of the spectra of aniline, naphthalene, and benzene. The experiments use either on one two Nd:YAG pumped dye lasers crossing a skimmed supersonic molecular beam in the ion source of a homemade time of flight mass spectrometer. For these molecules, whose first excited singlet state is more that half way to the ionization potential, the one laser, two photon ionization is an efficient way to observe the spectrum. Two laser experiments have also been done with a "pump" laser exciting an $S_{1}$ vibration followed by an "ionzing" laser scanned to observe the ionization potential or structure in highly excited states. Various examples from the spectra of these molecules, some of which can be compared to fluorescence excitation under equivalent conditions done recently ion our lab, show that multiphoton ionization is an efficient and powerful technique for spectroscopy in molecular beams.
Corrigendum: Targeted Gene Delivery: Where to Land (2021)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.609650.].
The Measurement of Heparin (1973)

Summary A method for the measurement of heparin utilising the potentiating effect of heparin on the action of anti-factor Xa is described. The effect on the assay of platelet contamination of plasma, the presence of fibrinogen degradation products and low levels of anti-factor Xa have been studied. The assay method has been compared with the calcium thrombin time method and a group of obstetrical patients have been studied using both methods.
Monolithic Integration of GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Modulators and Silicon Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Transistors (1993)

We demonstrate coexisting operation of a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well modulator and a submicron gate length metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor fabricated on the same chip, for applications in optical interconnects.
Dependence of ferroelectric performance of sol–gel-derived Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on bottom-Pt-electrode thickness (2002)

Pb ( Zr,Ti ) O 3 (PZT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti and Pt/IrO2 electrode stacks with various Pt thicknesses (30–200 nm) by a sol–gel process. The sputter-deposited Pt films showed a (111)-preferred texture irrespective of the thickness. However, a high-resolution x-ray diffraction study of the Pt films showed that the films were composed of three kinds of grains with slightly different lattice parameters. The grains with a bulk-like lattice parameter grew with increasing Pt thickness, which was accompanied with an improvement in the crystalline quality. Accordingly, the crystallization and ferroelectric behavior of the 100-nm-thick PZT films improved with increasing Pt film thickness. However, the PZT films on the Pt/IrO2 electrode showed a deteriorated ferroelectric performance due to the outward diffusion of the Ir (O) onto the Pt surface, which increases the depolarizing field and amount of charge injection by the formation of a conducting phase.
Quantification of coronary arterial calcium by dual energy digital subtraction fluoroscopy (1991)

Clinical studies of the heart with fluoroscopy have shown that fluoroscopic visualization of calcium in the coronary arteries is strongly associated with coronary artery disease. However, fluoroscopic detection is limited by its low sensitivity, which is partly due to the interfering background tissue structures and image quantum noise. Moreover, quantification of the absolute amount of calcium in an arterial segment has not been possible. A real-time dual-energy subtraction technique has been investigated as a possible solution to the above problem. In this energy subtraction technique, the kVp and filtration are switched at 30 Hz. In order to assess the potential utility of this videodensitometric technique to quantitate coronary artery calcium, arterial phantoms and excised segments of diseased human arteries were imaged. The low- and high-energy images were corrected for scatter and veiling glare before subtraction. Calcium measurements were made using the tissue-suppressed energy-subtracted images. The estimated calcium phosphate and ashed weights of the calcified arterial segments (N = 20) were highly correlated (slope = 1.04, Intercept = -0.33 mg, r = 0.92).
SILVER NANOPARTICLES FILMS DEPOSITED ON AAO TEMPLATES BY THERMAL EVAPORATION FOR SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING OF R6G (2012)

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) films with different nominal thicknesses were deposited on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with pore diameter about 200 nm by thermal evaporation. These NPs films were used as the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates. The microstructure and surface morphology of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The SERS activity of the films was investigated by Raman scattering of adsorbed rhodamine 6G (R6G) at different concentrations. The results revealed that the average diameter of Ag NPs in different samples is 58 nm, 75 nm, 93 nm and 108 nm, respectively. Ag NPs film on AAO template is very suitable as a SERS active substrate and can detect R6G molecules with a concentration of 10 -8 M. The intensity of the SERS spectra is related to both the Ag NPs size and interparticle distance. The sample with an average particle diameter of 93 nm has the highest SERS enhancement factor (1.3 × 10 6 ).
OCR-VQGAN: Taming Text-within-Image Generation (2023)

Synthetic image generation has recently experienced significant improvements in domains such as natural image or art generation. However, the problem of figure and diagram generation remains unexplored. A challenging aspect of generating figures and diagrams is effectively rendering readable texts within the images. To alleviate this problem, we present OCR-VQGAN, an image encoder, and decoder that leverages OCR pre-trained features to optimize a text perceptual loss, encouraging the architecture to preserve high-fidelity text and diagram structure. To explore our approach, we introduce the Paper2Fig100k dataset, with over 100k images of figures and texts from research papers. The figures show architecture diagrams and methodologies of articles available at arXiv.org from fields like artificial intelligence and computer vision. Figures usually include text and discrete objects, e.g., boxes in a diagram, with lines and arrows that connect them. We demonstrate the effectiveness of OCR-VQGAN by conducting several experiments on the task of figure reconstruction. Additionally, we explore the qualitative and quantitative impact of weighting different perceptual metrics in the overall loss function. We release code, models, and dataset at https://github.com/joanrod/ocr-vqgan.
Optimal projector configuration design for 300-Mpixel multi-projection 3D display (2013)

To achieve an immersive natural 3D experience on a large screen, a 300-Mpixel multi-projection 3D display that has a 100-inch screen and a 40° viewing angle has been developed. To increase the number of rays emanating from each pixel to 300 in the horizontal direction, three hundred projectors were used. The projector configuration is an important issue in generating a high-quality 3D image, the luminance characteristics were analyzed and the design was optimized to minimize the variation in the brightness of projected images. The rows of the projector arrays were repeatedly changed according to a predetermined row interval and the projectors were arranged in an equi-angular pitch toward the constant central point. As a result, we acquired very smooth motion parallax images without discontinuity. There is no limit of viewing distance, so natural 3D images can be viewed from 2 m to over 20 m.
Selective loss of a DNase I hypersensitive site upstream of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene in mice homozygous for lethal albino deletions. (1992)

Several overlapping chromosomal deletions spanning the albino locus in the mouse cause perinatal lethality when homozygous and a block in the transcriptional induction of various unlinked hepatocyte-specific genes. Studies of such lethal albino deletion homozygotes in perinatal stages revealed a deficiency in the transcriptional inducibility of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene by glucocorticoids; yet, glucocorticoid receptor and hormone levels were shown to be unaffected. To identify a molecular defect underlying the failure of inducible expression, we examined the chromatin structure of the TAT gene. Whereas in wild-type animals the TAT promoter becomes DNase I hypersensitive at birth, such hypersensitivity fails to develop in lethal albino deletion homozygotes. By contrast, the deletions do not affect the appearance of three DNase I-hypersensitive sites upstream of the TAT promoter in the liver, nor do they affect two hypersensitive sites upstream of the expressed alpha-fetoprotein gene. These findings demonstrate that the abnormality of chromatin structure identified in lethal albino deletion homozygotes occurs on a highly selective basis. Specifically, normal differentiation of the TAT promoter chromatin appears to depend directly or indirectly on the action and product of a gene mapping within the deleted region.
The Effect of Boron on Active Neutron Measurements: Application for the Mars Science Laboratory Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons Instrument (2020)

The primary objective of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) experiment on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity is to assess the hydrogen content as the rover traverses the Martian surface. Because hydrogen is a light element, it is an efficient moderator for neutrons. The method used to estimate the hydrogen content by the DAN instrument is to measure the thermal neutron count rate emitted from the surface of the soil using a Pulsed Neutron Generator as an activation source coupled with a thermal neutron detector. However, boron has a high cross section for thermal neutron capture and can affect the thermal neutron flux measured by the DAN instrument. Recently, the MSL ChemCam instrument has shown high concentrations of B in the veins of the Murray formation and Yellowknife Bay at concentrations of 100 to 500 ppm. We show that the number of neutrons that are captured in the Martian soil increases with increasing B, resulting in reduced count rates observed by the DAN thermal neutron detector, which can lead to an overestimate of the hydrogen content.
Design of a Protective Cage for an Intravascular Axial Flow Blood Pump to Mechanically Assist the Failing Fontan (2009)

Currently, no long-term mechanical bridge-to-transplant or bridge-to-recovery therapeutic alternative exists for failing single ventricles. A blood pump that would augment pressure in the cavopulmonary circulation is needed, and would lead to a reduction in elevated systemic venous pressure, and improve cardiac output. Thus, we are developing a collapsible, percutaneously inserted, axial flow blood pump to support the cavopulmonary circulation in adult patients with a failing single ventricle physiology. This collapsible axial flow pump is designed for percutaneous positioning. The outer protective cage will be designed with radially arranged filaments as touchdown surfaces to protect the vessel wall from the rotating components. This study examined the geometric characteristics of the protective cage of filaments and the impeller through the development and numerical analysis of 13 models. A blood damage analysis was also performed on selected geometric models to assess the probability of blood trauma. All models demonstrated an acceptable hydraulic performance by delivering 2-6 L/min at a rotational speed of 6000-10 000 rpm and generating pressure rise of 5-20 mm Hg. Expected trends in the hydraulic performance of the pump models were found. This study represents the initial first design phase of the impeller and protective cage of filaments. Validation of these flow and performance predictions will be completed in the next round of experimental testing with blood bag evaluation.
Enhancement of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment and Prevention of GvHD by Intra‐Bone Marrow Bone Marrow Transplantation Plus Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (2004)

We examined the effect of intra-bone marrow (IBM)-bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in conjunction with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) on the engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow cells (BMCs) in mice. Recipients that had received 6 Gy of radiation completely rejected donor BMCs, even when IBM-BMT was carried out. However, when BMCs were IBM injected and donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were simultaneously injected intravenously (DLI), donor cell engraftment was observed 7 days after BMT and complete donor chimerism continued thereafter. It is of interest that the cells of recipient origin did not recover, and that the hematolymphoid cells, including progenitor cells (Lin-/c-kit+ cells) in the recipients, were fully reconstituted with cells of donor origin. The cells in the PBMNCs responsible for the donor BMC engraftment were CD8+. Recipients that had received 6 Gy of radiation, IBM-BMT, and DLI showed only a slight loss of body weight, due to radiation side effects, and had no macroscopic or microscopic symptoms of graft-versus-host disease. These findings suggest that IBM-BMT in conjunction with DLI will be a valuable strategy for allogeneic BMT in humans.
Root cause determination of particle contamination in the tungsten etch back process (1997)

Blanket tungsten deposition is used in the wafer processing industry to make via interconnects. The W etch back (WEB) process subsequently removes the W blanket film by an SF6 plasma treatment. WEB is a “dirty” process because, though the major etch product is gaseous WF6 (harmless), F• radicals and process by products attack chamber hardware, producing particles. In this study, these particles were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray and Auger spectroscopy. A low-level, general surface contamination was also discovered using Auger. From this work, it was established that a major particle generation process involved etch by-product redeposition on, and attack of, Al chamber hardware. Based on this information, adjustment could be made to process conditions and chamber hardware which resulted in particle reduction to below specification levels.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Paenalcaligenes hominis Strain Isolated from a Paraplegic Patient with Neurogenic Bladder Using Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Technology (2017)

The genome of <i>Paenalcaligenes hominis</i>, isolated from a paraplegic patient with neurogenic bladder, was sequenced with the Pacific Biosciences RSII platform. The genome size is 2.68 Mb and includes 3,096 annotated coding sequences, including genes associated with quinone cofactors, which play crucial roles in the virulence of Gram-negative bacteria.
Optimizing management of natural and artificial matings in swine. (1993)

A successful mating involves the coordination of many physiological events including insemination, gamete transport and ovulation. As more basic information about these processes becomes available, it is apparent that there are opportunities for manipulating these physiological events and enhancing the reproductive success of natural and artificial matings. The primary intent of this review is to examine the effectiveness of several of these strategies, as determined by their influence on farrowing rate and litter size. It is evident that the timing, duration and pattern of ovulation in pigs are extremely variable. Thus, increasing the frequency and changing the timing of matings during oestrus has received renewed interest. In general, if a female exhibits oestrus for more than 1 day, then increasing the frequency of matings has a greater influence on reproductive performance than does altering the timing of matings. In addition, litter size is more responsive to increased mating frequencies than is farrowing rate. Increasing the number of matings per oestrus via the use of combinations of natural service and artificial insemination, compared with the use of either alone, appears to enhance reproductive performance. It has been well documented that several aspects of the mating process itself can advance the onset of ovulation and enhance sperm transport and storage in the female reproductive tract. As a result, the use of these stimuli in conjunction with natural and artificial matings provide opportunities for enhancing fecundity. Pre- and post-breeding treatments with vasectomized boars, nonviable semen, oestrogens and seminal plasma have all been reported to increase farrowing rate and litter size. With artificial insemination, additions of prostaglandins, oxytocin, oestrogens and leucocytes to semen have been reported to enhance reproductive performance, albeit with varying degrees of success. Personnel and boar needs are important components in optimizing breeding management. Estimates of these needs for artificial and natural matings are discussed.
Evaluation of Sex Differences in the Potential of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol, Cannabidiolic Acid, and Oleoyl Alanine to Reduce Nausea-Induced Conditioned Gaping Reactions in Sprague-Dawley Rats (2022)

<b>Introduction:</b> Cancer patients report nausea as a side effect of their chemotherapy treatment. Using the pre-clinical rodent model of acute nausea-lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced conditioned gaping-our group has demonstrated that exogenous cannabinoids may have antinausea potential. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> With the goal of evaluating the role of sex as a factor in pre-clinical research, we first compared the conditioned gaping reactions produced by varying doses of LiCl in male and female rats using the taste reactivity test (Experiment 1). <b>Results:</b> LiCl produced dose-dependent conditioned gaping similarly in male and female rats with the highest dose (127.2 mg/kg) producing robust conditioned gaping, with this dose used in subsequent experiments. Next, we examined the antinausea potential of THC (Experiment 2), CBD (Experiment 3), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA; Experiment 4) and oleoyl alanine (OlAla; Experiment 5) in both male and female rats. THC, CBD, CBDA, and OlAla dose dependently reduced conditioned gaping in both male and female rats in a similar manner. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that cannabinoids may be equally effective in treating nausea in both males and females.