gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Vapor Detection Using Parent Polythiophene Nanofibers (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTChemical Vapor Detection Using Parent Polythiophene NanofibersVineet Dua, Sumedh P. Surwade, Srikanth Ammu, Xinyu Zhang, Sujit Jain, and Sanjeev K. Manohar*View Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854*To whom correspondence should be addressed.Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 15, 5414–5415Publication Date (Web):July 14, 2009Publication History Received1 July 2009Revised7 July 2009Published online14 July 2009Published inissue 11 August 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma901422dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma901422drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1310Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Nanofibers,Organic polymers,Plastics,Polymers,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Specific IgM and IgG responses in primary and secondary dengue virus infections determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2005)

IgM- and IgG-capture ELISAs are widely used as diagnostic tests for confirmation of dengue virus infection. The positive rate of anti-dengue IgM and IgG detection was examined in primary and secondary dengue virus infections in the setting of a provincial hospital using IgM- and IgG-capture ELISAs. Disease day 1 was defined as the day of onset of symptoms. In total, 232 plasma samples were collected from 106 confirmed dengue cases consisting of 12 primary and 94 secondary infections. In primary infection, anti-dengue IgM was detected in 4 out of 5 samples collected on disease day 5 and in all the 21 samples collected on disease day 6 or later. Specific IgG was detected in 2 out of 5 samples collected on day 12, and in 5 out of 6 samples collected on disease days 13-15, but was not detected in samples collected on disease day 10 or earlier. In secondary infection, IgM was not detected in the samples on disease days 2 and 3, but detected in 20 out of 79 samples collected on days 4-6, in 44 out of 65 on disease days 7-11 and in 40 out of 51 samples on disease days 12-14. In contrast, specific IgG was detected in 21 out of 60 samples on disease days 4 and 5, in 13 out of 19 on disease day 6, in 62 out of 65 on disease days 7-11 and in all the samples collected on disease day 12 or later. The result indicate that seroconversion rates of IgM and IgG are different between primary and secondary infections, and suggest that detection of specific IgM and IgG is necessary for determining dengue virus infection and for differentiating primary and secondary dengue infections.
<title>CMOS-compatible surface-micromachined pressure sensor for aqueous ultrasonic application</title> (1995)

A surface micromachined pressure sensor array is under development at the Integrated Micromechanics, Microsensors, and CMOS Technologies organization at Sandia National Laboratories. This array is designed to sense absolute pressures from ambient pressure to 650 psia with frequency responses from DC to 2 MHz. The sensor is based upon a sealed, deformable, circular LPCVD silicon nitride diaphragm. Absolute pressure is determined from diaphragm deflection, which is sensed with low-stress, micromechanical, LPCVD polysilicon piezoresistors. All materials and processes used for sensor fabrication are CMOS compatible, and are part of Sandia`s ongoing effort of CMOS integration with Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). Test results of individual sensors are presented along with process issues involving the release etch and metal step coverage.
Cu passivation for integration of gap-filling ultralow-k dielectrics (2016)

For Cu/low-k interconnects, the reversed damascene is an alternative integration approach where the metal wires are patterned first and then the spacing filled with a flowable dielectric. In this paper, the replacement of a sacrificial template by gap-filling ultralow-k dielectrics is studied, focusing on yield and transport performance (“replacement dielectric” scheme). On non-passivated copper, the low-k curing processes induce severe damage to the metal lines, leading to the degraded electrical properties. This is confirmed by chemical inspection on the blanket Cu films and morphological inspection on patterned structures. In order to avoid Cu oxidation and out-diffusion at elevated temperature, Cu passivation by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SiCN is proposed and studied in detail. The inter-metal dielectric properties of replacement low-k are evaluated by resistance-capacitance and IV measurements using a Meander-Fork structure. By tuning the passivation layer thickness and ultraviolet curing time, high electrical yield is obtained with integrated porous low-k showing promising effective k-values (keff) and breakdown voltages (Ebd), confirming the interest of this specific integration scheme.
Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Power Press (2014)

The objective of this study is to investigate the finite element modelling of 'C' frame power press of 10 tonne capacity and to analyse the power press under static condition. Any press is comprised of a frame a bed or bolster plate and a reciprocating member called ram or slide which exerts force upon work material through special tools mounted on the ram and bed. The first stage involves the modelling of the C- frame power press in Pro/E software. The 3D model of the power press is analyzed in static condition to find the stresses and deflections in the structure. The second stage involves the reduction in weight of the power press by varying or reducing the thickness of frame and bed and the press is analysed in static condition to find the results.
A 40-μA/channel compensated 18-channel strain gauge measurement system for stress monitoring in dental implants (2002)

This paper presents an autonomous monitoring system ASIC, which is capable of measuring and compensating 18 strain gauges simultaneously. This sensor interface is implemented in a 0.7-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and includes a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT)-current reference, an 8-bit digital-to-analog converter together with a digital interface for multigauge nulling, a switched-capacitor (SC) instrumentation amplifier, an SC sample-and-hold (S/H), and a 9-bit successive approximation analog-to-digital converter. The total chip consumes a mere 40 /spl mu/A/channel (at 3.1 V) and allows for sampling of each individual strain gauge channel at a sampling rate of 111 Hz with a 20-/spl mu/strain accuracy. The measurement system presented is a part of an autonomous data logger, which is integrated in a dental prosthesis.
MMIHMM: Maximum Mutual Information Hidden Markov Models (2002)

This paper proposes a new family of Hidden Markov Models named Maximum Mutual Information Hidden Markov Models (MMIHMMs). MMIHMMs have the same graphical structure as HMMs. However, the cost function being optimized is not the joint likelihood of the observations and the hidden states. It consists of the weighted linear combination of the mutual information between the hidden states and the observations and the likelihood of the observations and the states. We present both theoretical and practical motivations for having such a cost function. Next, we derive the parameter estimation (learning) equations for both the discrete and continuous observation cases. Finally we illustrate the superiority of our approach in different classification tasks by comparing the classification performance of our proposed Maximum Mutual Information HMMs (MMIHMMs) with standard Maximum Likelihood HMMs (HMMs), in the case of synthetic and real, discrete and continuous, supervised and unsupervised data. We believe that MMIHMMs are a powerful tool to solve many of the problems associated with HMMs when used for classification and/or clustering.
Adverse effects of growth hormone replacement therapy in children (2011)

Human growth hormone (hGH) replacement therapy has been widely available for clinical purposes for more than fifty years. Starting in 1958, hGH was obtained from cadaveric pituitaries, but in 1985 the association between hGH therapy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was reported. In the same year, the use of recombinant hGH (rhGH) was approved. Side effects of rhGH replacement therapy in children and adolescents include rash and pain at injection site, transient fever, prepubertal gynecomastia, arthralgia, edema, benign intracranial hypertension, insulin resistance, progression of scoliosis, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Since GH stimulates cell multiplication, development of neoplasms is a concern. We will review the side effects reported in all rhGH indications.
High‐Throughput Continuous Flow Production of Nanoscale Liposomes by Microfluidic Vertical Flow Focusing (2015)

Liposomes represent a leading class of nanoparticles for drug delivery. While a variety of techniques for liposome synthesis have been reported that take advantage of microfluidic flow elements to achieve precise control over the size and polydispersity of nanoscale liposomes, with important implications for nanomedicine applications, these methods suffer from extremely limited throughput, making them impractical for large-scale nanoparticle synthesis. High aspect ratio microfluidic vertical flow focusing is investigated here as a new approach to overcoming the throughput limits of established microfluidic nanoparticle synthesis techniques. Here the vertical flow focusing technique is utilized to generate populations of small, unilamellar, and nearly monodisperse liposomal nanoparticles with exceptionally high production rates and remarkable sample homogeneity. By leveraging this platform, liposomes with modal diameters ranging from 80 to 200 nm are prepared at production rates as high as 1.6 mg min(-1) in a simple flow-through process.
Induction of neural crest in Xenopus by transcription factor AP2α (2003)

We report experiments with Xenopus laevis, using both intact embryos and ectodermal explants, showing that the transcription factor AP2alpha is positively regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling, and that this activation is an essential step in the induction of neural crest (NC). Ectopic expression of AP2alpha is sufficient to activate high-level expression of NC-specific genes such as Slug and Sox9, which can occur as isolated domains within the neural plate as well as by expansion of endogenous NC territories. AP2alpha also has the property of inducing NC in isolated ectoderm in which Wnt signaling is provided but BMP signaling is minimized by overexpression of chordin. Like other NC regulatory factors, activation of AP2alpha requires some attenuation of endogenous BMP signaling; however, this process occurs at a lower threshold for AP2alpha. Furthermore, AP2alpha expression domains are larger than for other NC factors. Loss-of-function experiments with antisense AP2alpha morpholino oligonucleotides result in severe reduction in the NC territory. These results support a central role for AP2alpha in NC induction. We propose a model in which AP2alpha expression, along with inactivation of NC inhibitory factors such as Dlx3, establish a feedback loop comprising AP2alpha, Sox9, and Slug, leading to and maintaining NC specification.
Energy spectra and their calibration of four-layer DOI detector for brain PET scanner: jPET-D4 (2005)

A depth of interaction (DOI) detector is being developed for the brain PET scanner, jPET-D4. We introduce a light output correction procedure to compensate for variations among the crystal elements in the DOI detector. Under uniform irradiation with 511 keV gamma rays, we estimate the light output of each crystal element by identifying each crystal, and generate a look-up table (LUT) for light output correction. The variation of light output of each crystal element is 18%. We evaluate the energy resolution of all crystal elements. The energy resolution before light output correction was 40%. Using DOI information, an energy resolution of 18% has been achieved after light output correction. We present and analyze the crystal position dependence of energy spectra due to intercrystal scattering among the multiple crystal elements in the DOI detector
Generation of extended plasma channels in air using femtosecond Bessel beams (2008)

Extending the longitudinal range of plasma channels created by ultrashort laser pulses in atmosphere is important in practical applications of laser-induced plasma such as remote spectroscopy and lightning control. Weakly focused femtosecond Gaussian beams that are commonly used for generating plasma channels offer only a limited control of filamentation. Increasing the pulse energy in this case typically results in creation of multiple filaments and does not appreciably extend the longitudinal range of filamentation. Bessel beams with their extended linear foci intuitively appear to be better suited for generation of long plasma channels. We report experimental results on creating extended filaments in air using femtosecond Bessel beams. By probing the linear plasma density along the filament, we show that apertured Bessel beams produce stable single plasma channels that span the entire extent of the linear focus of the beam. We further show that by temporally chirping the pulse, the plasma channel can be longitudinally shifted beyond the linear-focus zone, an important effect that may potentially offer additional means of controlling filament formation.
Achieving High‐Performance Nondoped OLEDs with Extremely Small Efficiency Roll‐Off by Combining Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (2017)

Luminescent materials with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can harvest singlet and triplet excitons to afford high electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, TADF emitters generally have to be dispersed into host matrices to suppress emission quenching and/or exciton annihilation, and most doped OLEDs of TADF emitters encounter a thorny problem of swift efficiency roll‐off as luminance increases. To address this issue, in this study, a new tailor‐made luminogen (dibenzothiophene‐benzoyl‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine, DBT‐BZ‐DMAC) with an unsymmetrical structure is synthesized and investigated by crystallography, theoretical calculation, spectroscopies, etc. It shows aggregation‐induced emission, prominent TADF, and interesting mechanoluminescence property. Doped OLEDs of DBT‐BZ‐DMAC show high peak current and external quantum efficiencies of up to 51.7 cd A −1 and 17.9%, respectively, but the efficiency roll‐off is large at high luminance. High‐performance nondoped OLED is also achieved with neat film of DBT‐BZ‐DMAC, providing excellent maxima EL efficiencies of 43.3 cd A −1 and 14.2%, negligible current efficiency roll‐off of 0.46%, and external quantum efficiency roll‐off approaching null from peak values to those at 1000 cd m −2 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the most efficient nondoped TADF OLEDs with small efficiency roll‐off reported so far.
To sequence or not to sequence? (1997)

There is now incontrovertible evidence that a combination of two nucleoside analogues is superior to AZT monotherapy for the treatment of HIV infection. There is also evidence that a range of antiretroviral combinations can produce profound drops in plasma HIV viral load, often below the detectable limits of the assay. A lower rate of viral replication is associated with delays in the selection of viral mutants resistant to drugs; the principal reason for therapeutic failure. These highly effective combinations are likely to delay clinical events and considerably improve the prognosis in HIV-infected individuals. Using mathematical modelling techniques to assess the half-life of plasma virus infectious cells and proviral DNA, one group has gone so far as to suggest it may be possible to stop therapy after several years, as the virus will have been eliminated. More sanguine investigators, however, believe that this is unlikely, as some infected cellular compartments may have long half-lives and the virus may persist, or even continue to replicate slowly, in sanctuary sites, such as the CNS and genital tract, poorly penetrated by drugs. Thus, some virologists and clinicians believe that it is crucially important to give initial therapy with the strongest possible combination of drugs to achieve an 'undetectable' plasma viral load and that, providing compliance is good, this will lead to a prolonged therapeutic effect. In these circumstances no sequencing issues arise. Others, however, continue to believe that, in due course, the virus is likely to evade drug pressure. In these circumstances, consideration of a sequence of drugs, to avoid initial and subsequent therapy from squandering future therapy options through, principally, cross-resistance, becomes an important issue. None of the issues discussed in this review has been tested by controlled clinical trials but they generate hypotheses requiring urgent evaluation.
On hands-off trajectory generation for a two-wheeled rover based on <tex>$L^{1}/L^{2}$</tex>-optimal control (2018)

In this paper, we propose a method for a two-wheeled rover, which generates a trajectory whose curvature is sparse, that is, the desired trajectory is mostly linear. Such a trajectory can be obtained by sparse control minimizing the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> -norm of the angular velocity input. We call this trajectory a hands-off trajectory. The proposed method is based on L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> /L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> - optimal control. In the method, we use the cost function consisting of the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> -norm of the angular velocity input and the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -norm of all the inputs of the system. Minimizing it leads to a sparse control on a rover angle, which means that the generated trajectory is mostly linear. Then, a rover can track it easily. For obtaining the optimal control input in a numerically stable manner, we propose an algorithm based on the continuation method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Pollen gathering by honey bees in La Crosse County, Wisconsin (1978)

Pollen was trapped from honeybee (Puis mellifera L.) colonies using the O.A.C. pollen trap at six randomly selected sites, one of which was a commercial apple orchard, within LaCrosse County, Wisconsin during the 1977 blooming season. The corbicular pellets were generally unifloral, which allowed for a separation of the pollen species on a color basis. Once sorted by color, each subsample was weighed to determine the relative percent utilization of each species at each site. Slides, used for species identification, were made of each color using the acetolysis technique. Reference slides from known plant species were made and compared to verify the identities of the bee-gathered pollens.&#13;\n A study of the major pollen sources within the county revealed that these sources are quite varied throughout the blooming season. Some of the more dominant and long-blooming species were oak, dandelion, fruit trees, clovers, sumac, corn, buckwheat, and composites. Other species such as boxelder, ash, raspberry, and red-osier dogwood are utilized for large amounts of pollen, but have relatively short blooming periods.&#13;\n The pollen season can be divided into three distinct categories; the early April to late May tree sources, the late May to mid-June shrubs, and the herbaceous species from mid-June through September.&#13;\n A considerable amount of the pollen collected came from supposedly wind-pollinated species, raising some question as to the true nature of pollination vector and flower-form relationships. The bees appear to be inclined to forage from any floral source in the apiary vicinity that offers adequate amounts of pollen.&#13;\n A study of differences in major pollen sources in different apiaries, revealed that the same basic species were utilized at all areas sampled. There were, however, significant differences in the amounts of pollen collected from these species. A noticeable exception was buckwheat, which is not routinely in cultivation throughout the county and as such, was only foraged for pollen in apiaries within flight range of this crop.&#13;\n A study of plants competitive to commercial apple pollination determined that commercial pollination efforts can be severely affected by competitive plants growing in the orchard vicinity. The bulk of the competition was supplied by oak and dandelion.
Micro-Wear Testing Machine and Some Experiments (1955)

A new wear testing machine for the rapid measurement of the wear characteristics of materials is described. In this testing machine, test piece is ground by a rotating disc under a constant pressure and micro-wear can be measured by measuring the width of wear impression after test. Load necessary to maintain a constant pressure was detrmined by analysis of the wear process of test piece, that was also ascertained experimentally. And then testing results on this testing machine are presented.