gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenine-functionalized Spongy Graphene for Green and High-Performance Supercapacitors (2017)

A simple method is demonstrated to prepare spongy adenine-functionalized graphene (SFG) as interconnected, porous 3-dimensional (3D) network crinkly sheets. Such 3D network structure provides better contact at the electrode/electrolyte interface and facilitates the charge transfer kinetics. The fabricated SFG was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized materials have been evaluated as supercapacitor materials in 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different potential scan rates, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests at different current densities. The SFG electrodes showed a maximum specific capacitance of 333 F/g at scan rate of 1 mV/s and exhibited excellent cycling retention of 102% after 1000 cycles at 200 mV/s. The energy density was 64.42 Wh/kg with a power density of 599.8 W/kg at 1.0 A/g. Those figures of merit are much higher than those reported for graphene-based materials tested under similar conditions. The observed high performance can be related to the synergistic effects of the spongy structure and the adenine functionalization.
차이와 윤리: 정보화 시대의 도덕.윤리의 가능성 (2003)

본 논문은 정보화 시대의 도덕, 윤리의 가능성을 모색하고자 한다. 윤리와 도덕의 어원인 ``ethos``와 ``moral``은 ``공동생활양식의 공간``이라는 의미를 가지고 있다. 따라서 논자는 정보화 시대의 도덕 윤리의 가능성을 ``Compunity``라는 컴퓨터 상의 공동체, 가상현실 상의 공동체라는 가정을 설정하고, 그 안에서 주체와 타자의 ``차이냄``(making a difference)과 ``차이남``(being a difference)을 통해 윤리의 발생을 모색하고자 한다. 차이(difference)는 콤퓨니티 내에서 자기 존재와 타자의 인식 하에 그 관계를 설정하기 위한 윤리의 발생 근거이다. 그리고 윤리의 근거는 ``Compunity``내에서 매스터 텍스트의 존재를 부정하고, 상호텍스트성의 그물에서 길들임과 인내심을 가지고 관계성 가운데 무제약적 책임성을 지녀야 할 것이다. 따라서 차이 때문에 윤리가 가능함을, 차이가 존재하기에 차이에 대한 윤리적 답변이 필요하며 그 답변은 ``무제약적 책임성``으로 가능할 때 정보화시대에도 윤리, 도덕의 가능성은 계속될 것이다.
Bestimmung der Schräglage von Rissen bei der Rißtiefenmessung (1997)

A pocket size digital crack depth gage based on the potential drop method was presented earlier, which monitors the crack size along its growth direction. This value may yield overestimation of necessary repair in case of crack orientations not perpendicular to the surface. Therefore, an additional function was introduced to the new version of this equipment to determine the angle of inclination of the crack relative to the surface. This function allows to measure the projection of the crack depth perpendicular to the surface.
Co-Fe-(BP) Tertiary Alloys. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Side-channel attacks on the bitstream encryption mechanism of Altera Stratix II (2013)

In order to protect FPGA designs against IP theft and related issues such as product cloning, all major FPGA manufacturers offer a mechanism to encrypt the bitstream used to configure the FPGA. From a mathematical point of view, the employed encryption algorithms, e.g., AES or 3DES, are highly secure. However, recently it has been shown that the bitstream encryption feature of several FPGA product lines is susceptible to side-channel attacks that monitor the power consumption of the cryptographic module. In this paper, we present the first successful attack on the bitstream encryption of the Altera Stratix II FPGA. To this end, we reverse-engineered the details of the proprietary and unpublished Stratix II bitstream encryption scheme from the Quartus II software. Using this knowledge, we demonstrate that the full 128-bit AES key of a Stratix II can be recovered by means of side-channel analysis with 30,000 measurements, which can be acquired in less than three hours. The complete bitstream of a Stratix II that is (seemingly) protected by the bitstream encryption feature can hence fall into the hands of a competitor or criminal - possibly implying system-wide damage if confidential information such as proprietary encryption schemes or keys programmed into the FPGA are extracted. In addition to lost IP, reprogramming the attacked FPGA with modified code, for instance, to secretly plant a hardware trojan, is a particularly dangerous scenario for many security-critical applications.
Future challenges in IC testing and fault isolation (2004)

Integrated circuit (IC) production is critically dependent on characterization and failure analysis (FA) (Ref. 1). Experiment evaluation, technology qualification, yield and reliability learning, and time-to-market are driven by rapid and accurate FA. Testing and fault isolation are essential in identifying electrical faults and in localizing them to regions small enough to be examined by high-resolution electron and scanning-probe microscopes. This presentation introduces IC characterization and failure analysis, discusses their roles in manufacturing, and examines limitations imposed by shrinking features, lower supply voltages, and smaller design margins. R&D needs are also projected based on the CMOS IC technology roadmap (Ref. 1).
Thickness of Liquid Film Formed by Impinging Jets on a Concave Wall (2007)

DOI: 10.2514/1.27691 The theoretical analysis of the liquid flow flowing overthe flat solid wall derived in a previous paperis extended to the film flow on the concave wall. In addition, the equations used to predict the liquid film thickness on the concave wall are derived. The measurements of the film thickness on the concave wall are performed by the contact needle method, while varying the impingement angle, the curvature of the concave wall, the distance between the measurement point and the impingement point, and the jet Reynolds number. The predictions of the film thickness distribution are compared with the measurements. The comparisons show that the predictions of the film thickness agree well with the measurements, except in the region near the symmetry axis of the liquid film. In the region near the symmetry axis, the predictions overestimate the film thickness. The discrepancies appear to be a result of the assumptions in the theoretical analysis with respect to the film flow near the impingement point.
Femtosecond Cr2+-Based Lasers (2014)

We review a novel class of femtosecond Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> -doped ZnSe and ZnS lasers, which operates in a very important for applications wavelength range between 2 and 3.5 μm and which generates ultrashort optical pulses that are only five optical cycles in duration. Room-temperature Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> -lasers provide tens of Watts average power, >70% slope efficiency, ultrabroad tunability (~1400 nm between 2 and 3.4 μm) in the continuous wave regime and GW-level peak powers in the amplified femtosecond regime. Different mode-locking techniques from Kerr-lens to graphene saturable absorbers have been demonstrated, and dispersion compensation methods from bulk materials to chirped mirrors allowed the realization of self-starting few-optical cycle oscillators and the demonstration of a number of applications in spectroscopy and nonlinear optics. The Watt level few-optical cycle Cr:ZnS oscillator <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> operating at 2.4 μm is distinguished by extremely short pulse duration of only 41 fs, hundreds of kilowatt peak powers, and tens of nanojoule pulse energies. Using the direct diode-pumping or fiber laser pump sources such a laser can be made reliable and compact, which paves the way to industrial realisation and applications in environmental analysis, oil and gas sensing, hazardous gas detection, breath analysis, fine material processing of semiconductors, composite materials, and glasses.
Correction for Magnetic Field Inhomogeneities and Normalization of Voxel Values Are Needed to Better Reveal the Potential of MR Radiomic Features in Lung Cancer (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> To design and validate a preprocessing procedure dedicated to T2-weighted MR images of lung cancers so as to improve the ability of radiomic features to distinguish between adenocarcinoma and other histological types. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A discovery set of 52 patients with advanced lung cancer who underwent T2-weighted MR imaging at 3 Tesla in a single center study from August 2017 to May 2019 was used. Findings were then validated using a validation set of 19 additional patients included from May to October 2019. Tumor type was obtained from the pathology report after trans-thoracic needle biopsy, metastatic lymph node or metastasis samples, or surgical excisions. MR images were preprocessed using N4ITK bias field correction and by normalizing voxel intensities with fat as a reference region. Segmentation and extraction of radiomic features were performed with LIFEx software on the raw images, on the N4ITK-corrected images and on the fully preprocessed images. Two analyses were conducted where radiomic features were extracted: (1) from the whole tumor volume (3D analysis); (2) from all slices encompassing the tumor (2D analysis). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify features that could distinguish between adenocarcinoma and other histological types. Sham experiments were also designed to control the number of false positive findings. <b>Results:</b> There were 31 (12) adenocarcinomas and 21 (7) other histological types in the discovery (validation) set. In 2D, preprocessing increased the number of discriminant radiomic features from 8 without preprocessing to 22 with preprocessing. 2D analysis yielded more features able to identify adenocarcinoma than 3D analysis (12 discriminant radiomic features after preprocessing in 3D). Preprocessing did not increase false positive findings as no discriminant features were identified in any of the sham experiments. The greatest sensitivity of the 2D analysis applied to preprocessed data was confirmed in the validation set. <b>Conclusion:</b> Correction for magnetic field inhomogeneities and normalization of voxel values are essential to reveal the full potential of radiomic features to identify the tumor histological type from MR T2-weighted images, with classification performance similar to those reported in PET/CT and in multiphase CT in lung cancers.
Practical applications of synthetic aperture imaging (2010)

Synthetic aperture imaging has been a focus of research for almost 3 decades. The research carried out at the Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging has demonstrated that synthetic aperture focusing not only can be used in-vivo, but that it also yields superior B-mode and blood flow images. In the last years synthetic aperture focusing has moved from the lab to commercial products. The implementations vary in their scope and purpose. Some scanners use synthetic aperture imaging to improve the detail and contrast resolution of the system. Others to increase the image uniformity. Yet others use synthetic aperture acquisition to achieve high frame rates and superior flow estimations. On the other end of the scale are the systems that utilize synthetic aperture techniques to reduce the data rate and take advantage of modern computer hardware. Retrospecitve transmit beamformation, zone sonography, and multiple angle flash imaging are just a few of the names used to describe the commercial implementations of synthetic aperture focusing. Although they sound like different algorithms, they are the same in their core, as revealed in this paper.
Identification and Localization of 23,000 and Glycosylated Rat Prolactin in Subcellular Fractions of Rat Anterior Pituitary and Purified Secretory Granules (1993)

Rat pituitary homogenates were submitted to differential and density gradient centrifugation. Subcellular fractions as well as the purified secretory granules were examined in electron microscopy, radioimmunological techniques, protease digestion, alkaline treatment and immunoblotting. The global outcome of these experiments was that: 1) the glycosylated rPRL was foremost recorded in the crude secretory granular fraction, also in the microsomal fraction and the cytosol, but virtually not in the plasma membrane fraction; 2) in purified secretory granules glycosylated rPRL appeared as an array of near Mr, such as was formerly obtained by enzymatic deglycosylation; 3) protease digestion and ice-cold alkaline treatment of the secretory granules showed that 23,000 rPRL appears in three different physicochemical states in these organelles: unsequestered within a closed system, membrane-bounded and bound state; 4) likewise treatment of microsomal vesicles showed that 23,000 and glycosylated rPRL are sequestered in these bodies, but apparently 23,000 rPRL appears as both integral membrane-bound and released from the lumen, whereas glycosylated rPRL is chiefly retained as an integral membrane protein. 5) dopamine alters the pattern of glycosylation as well in Mr as in relative percentages of the molecular variants. The systematical occurrence of the array of near Mr glycosylated rPRL is biosynthesized as a pool of proteins with a different degree of glycosylation. On the basis of our data, we speculate that selection of definite molecular variants from this pool could play an important role in the biological function of 23,000 rPRL and that oligosaccharides could perhaps target the glycosylated forms of rPRL to specific sites of action.
Tumor Suppressing Gene Therapy (2003)

Tumor-suppressor genes play pivotal roles in maintaining genome integrity and in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their loss-of-function mutations are related directly to tumorigenesis. Thus, use of tumor-suppressor genes as anticancer therapeutics has been investigated rigorously in both experimental and clinical researches. Transfer of various tumor-suppressor genes directly to cancer cells has been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth via induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest and, in some cases, with evidence for bystander effects. Various studies also have shown that combination of tumor-suppressor gene therapy with conventional anticancer therapy can yield synergistic therapeutic benefits. Clinical trials with tumor-suppressor genes, especially the p53 gene, have demonstrated that the treatment is well tolerated, and; favorable clinical responses, including a pathologically complete responses, have been observed in a subset of patients with advanced disease or with cancers resistant to conventional therapy. Yet, current gene replacement approaches in cancer gene therapy must be improved if they are to have a broader clinical impact. Efficient systemic gene delivery systems will be required ultimately for treatment of metastatic disease. In this review, we have recently summarized achievements in tumor-suppressor gene therapy with a focus on the p53 gene.
Adenosine Generated in the Bone Marrow Niche Through a CD38-Mediated Pathway Correlates With Progression of Human Myeloma (2016)

Human myeloma cells express CD38 at high levels and grow in hypoxic niches inside the bone marrow. Myeloma cells respond to hypoxia with metabolic changes leading to aerobic glycolysis, thus reducing ATP and increasing NAD<sup>+</sup>. Our hypothesis is that these conditions favor the enzymatic pathways involved in the production of adenosine in the niche. Within the niche, NAD<sup>+</sup> is able to activate a discontinuous adenosinergic pathway that relies upon CD38, CD203a, and CD73 or TRACP, according to the environmental pH. The observed variability in adenosine concentrations in bone marrow aspirates is a result of the interactions taking place among myeloma and other cells in the bone marrow niche. A pilot study showed that adenosine profiles differ during disease progression. Adenosine levels were significantly higher in the bone marrow plasma of patients with symptomatic myeloma and correlated with ISS staging, suggesting that adenosine is produced in the myeloma niche at micromolar levels by an ectoenzymatic network centered on CD38. Adenosine levels increase with disease aggressiveness, a finding that supports adenosine as a potential marker of myeloma progression.
Cardiovascular hospitalization as a surrogate endpoint for mortality in studies of atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort Study of Atrial Fibrillation (2011)

CV-related hospitalization is a marker for patients who are at increased risk of death, and may be used as a valid surrogate endpoint in studies of AF.
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of 5-[18F]fluoroleucine (2017)

5-[18F]fluoroleucine is a leucine analog which may be useful in identifying tumors with high or upregulated expression of amino acid transporters, providing additional information that may not be provided by FDG PET.
A Semantic- and Attribute-Based Framework for Web Services Access Control (2010)

Web services over the Internet are widely used nowadays. Controlling access in Web services environment is crucial and a significant challenge because this environment is more dynamic and heterogeneous. Compared with the existing models, attribute-based access control is more appropriate for Web services, but it do not fully exploit the semantic power and reasoning capabilities of emerging web applications. To address these issues, a semantic and attribute-based access control framework (S_ABAC) is presented by combining the attribute-based access control with semantic-based access control in this paper. By extending the eXtensible Access Control Markup Language architecture and representing semantically the resources and users attributes with ontology, S_ABAC can realize semantic and attribute-based access control, and can also provide administratively scalable alternative and semantic interoperability. In the prototype implementation, S_ABAC uses Shibboleth service to address the disclosure issue of the sensitive attributes and also separates ontology management from access management.
A Chemosensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Dithiothreitol (DTT) for Acrylamide Electroanalysis (2021)

Rapid and simple electroanalysis of acrylamide (ACR) was feasible by a gold electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and dithiothreitol (DTT) with enhanced detection sensitivity and selectivity. The roughness of bare gold (Au) increased from 0.03 μm to 0.04 μm when it was decorated with AuNPs. The self-assembly between DTT and AuNPs resulted in a surface roughness of 0.09 μm. The DTT oxidation occurred at +0.92 V. The Au/AuNPs/DTT surface exhibited a surface roughness of 0.24 μm after its exposure to ACR with repeated analysis. SEM imaging illustrated the formation of a polymer layer on the Au/AuNPs/DTT surface. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the presence of AuNPs and DTT on the gold electrode and the binding of ACR to the electrode's active surface area. The peak area obtained by differential pulse voltammetry was inversely proportional to the ACR concentrations. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated to be 3.11 × 10<sup>-9</sup> M and 1 × 10<sup>-8</sup> M, respectively, with wide linearity ranging from 1 × 10<sup>-8</sup> M to 1 × 10<sup>-3</sup> M. The estimated levels of ACR in potato chips and coffee samples by the sensor were in agreement with those of high-performance liquid chromatography.
Greased hedgehogs: New links between hedgehog signaling and cholesterol metabolism (2007)

The close link between signaling by the developmental regulators of the Hedgehog family and cholesterol biochemistry has been known for some time. The morphogen is covalently attached to cholesterol in a peculiar autocatalytic reaction and embryonal disruption of cholesterol synthesis leads to malformations that mimic Hh signaling defects. Recently, it was furthermore shown that secreted Hh could hitchhike on lipoprotein particles to establish its morphogenic gradient in the developing embryo. Additionally, there is new evidence that the Hh-receptor Patched transmits the Hh signal by modulating the secretion of an inhibitory sterol molecule from the receiving cells. Here we present some of the most recent discoveries on the Hh-sterol link and discuss their implications from a systems design perspective. We predict that a robust functioning of the Hh pathway will require the involvement of more sterol metabolites, and these should be the subject of future research.
Improved adaptive Gaussian mixture model for background subtraction (2004)

Background subtraction is a common computer vision task. We analyze the usual pixel-level approach. We develop an efficient adaptive algorithm using Gaussian mixture probability density. Recursive equations are used to constantly update the parameters and but also to simultaneously select the appropriate number of components for each pixel.
Formation of Nanofibers with High Water Adhesion by Electrodeposition of Films of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Poly(3,4‐propylenedioxypyrrole) Substituted by Alkyl Chains (2018)

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Thierry Darmanin at Université Côte d'Azur, France, and Dr. Alioune Diouf at Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal. The front cover shows nanofibrous surfaces prepared by the electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole (EDOP) and 3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole (ProDOP) derivatives in which an alkyl chain is grafted to the 3,4-alkylenedioxy bridge. Depending on whether an EDOP or a ProDOP monomer is used, and the length of the alkyl chain, the surface properties of the resulting polymer are very different. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201800279.
2-and-3D Analysis of temperature effects on periodic transducers using a FEA/BEM approach (2009)

The thermal sensitivity of acoustic-wave-based devices still is an optimization key-point for various applications (filters, sources, sensors). As the architecture of such devices becomes more and more complex to fit the RF manufacturer requirements, simple analytical models usually exploited to optimize their frequency thermal drift are found obsolete. The optimization of these complex periodic wave-guide thermal sensitivities require the development of simulation tools capable to address the problem. This paper describes a Finite Element Analysis-Boundary Element Method (FEA/BEM) model allowing for the simulation any 2D and 3D periodic wave-guide thermal sensitivity, and more specifically the extraction of the corresponding Temperature Coefficient of Frequency (TCF). Validation of the computation approach first is reported. Its capabilities then are illustrated by computing the TCF of Love wave resonator on quartz.
Development of a Bait System for Suppression of Adult Screwworms13 (1978)

Journal Article Development of a Bait System for Suppression of Adult Screwworms Get access James R. Coppedge, James R. Coppedge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. B. Broce, A. B. Broce Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. H. Tannahill, F. H. Tannahill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Goodenough, J. L. Goodenough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Snow, W. Snow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. M. Crystal M. M. Crystal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 71, Issue 3, 1 June 1978, Pages 483–486, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/71.3.483 Published: 01 June 1978 Article history Received: 19 December 1977 Published: 01 June 1978