gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of an Automated Spray Patternator Using Digital Liquid Level Sensors (2016)

<abstract> <b><i>Abstract. </i></b> The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an automated spray pattern measurement system which utilized digital liquid level sensors to quantify the coefficient of variation (CV) for different nozzle configurations. The overall system was designed to measure nozzle effluent in 25 mm divisions from 38.1 to 76.2 cm in width for multiple nozzle configurations with a total patternator surface width of 3.05 m. The patternator surface and data collection system were designed and developed to achieve three primary goals: patternator surface division accuracy, data collection system accuracy, and data collection system repeatability. Patternator surface measurements indicated an average standard deviation of approximately 0.1 mm (0.4%) which would not contribute significantly to spray pattern CV estimates. To quantify the measurement accuracy, the automated system was compared to manual data collection using weights collected from graduated cylinders. Statistical analysis revealed no difference (p > 0.05) between CV estimates from the manual and automated data collection methods. The average difference in CV between the two methods was 0.15% which considered 12 tests per method. Repeatability was also a primary concern, the standard deviation among CV values for tests conducted with the automated system was only 0.35%. The evaluation of the system provided confidence that suitable results would be acquired for different nozzle configurations consisting of acceptable or relatively poor spray patterns.
Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (2019)

Higher calcium intake may be related to reduced risks of incident advanced and/or synchronous adenoma and incident distal CRC among subjects with Ca:Mg intake ratios between 1.7 and 2.5.
Electric Field Effects in Oxygen Reduction Kinetics: Rationalizing pH Dependence at the Pt(111), Au(111), and Au(100) Electrodes (2020)

In this work, we develop a new microkinetic model for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which incorporates field effects into the established computational hydrogen electrode model. We find that the field can significantly alter the binding energy of ORR adsorbates, particularly *OOH, *O2, and *H2O2. By considering these effects, we find that the model gives polarization curves and rotating ring disk electrode currents consistent with those found experimentally on the Pt(111), Au(111), and Au(100) electrodes, allowing us to predict onset potentials for both overall ORR activity and activity toward hydrogen peroxide as well as reproduce experimental Tafel slopes. In particular, we resolve the peculiar behavior observed on the Au(100) surface, where increasing pH leads to greatly enhanced 4e-ORR activity, without strongly affecting 2e-ORR activity. We then use these predictions to better understand activity across all ORR catalysts, showing that weak-binding catalysts are more influenced by pH because of the strong field effects on the *OOH adsorbate. Finally, we argue that considering field effects can expand the search for improved ORR catalysts by allowing us to deconvolute the activity dependence of catalysts on the standard hydrogen electrode and the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Role of ITPR1/HIF-2α axis in protecting renal cancer cells against natural killer cells. (2015)

417 Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinomas frequently display inactivation of VHL gene leading to increased level of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). The specific role of VHL mutations and selective activation of HIF-2 alpha in modulating RCC susceptibility to cytotoxic immune response remains largely unknown. Methods: In this study, we used 786-0 RCC VHL-mutated cell line selectively induces HIF-2 alpha stabilization.Chromium release cytotoxicity assay was regularly used to evaluate tumor target cells sensitivity to NK-mediated lysis. Confocal microscopy was aso used to analyse immunologic synapse formation and for autophagy studies. Immunochemistry staining using RCC tissue microarrays was performed to evaluate HIF-2 alpha and ITPR1 expression in RCC patients. Results: We demonstrated that the RCC cell line 786-0 with mutated VHL was resistant to NK-mediated lysis as compared to the VHL-corrected cell line (WT7). This resistance was found to require HIF-2α stabilization. Based on global gene expression profiling and ChIP assay, we found ITPR1 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1) as a direct novel target of HIF-2α and targeting ITPR1 significantly increased susceptibility of 786-0 cells to NK-mediated lysis. Interestingly, using a large group (235) of RCC patients,we demonstrated the existence of a significant correlation between HIF-2α and ITPR1 expression Mechanistically, HIF-2α in 786-0 cells lead to overexpression of ITPR1, which subsequently regulated the NK mediated killing through the activation of autophagy in target cells by NK derived signal. Both ITPR1 and Beclin-1 silencing in 786-0 cells inhibited NK-induced autophagy and subsequently increased Granzyme B activity in target cells. Finally, in vivo ITPR1 targeting significantly enhanced the NK-mediated tumor regression. Conclusions: Our data provide insights into the link between HIF-2α, the ITPR1-related pathway and natural immunity and strongly suggest a role for the HIF-2α /ITPR1 axis in regulating RCC cell survival. Futur NK cell-based immunotherapy should integrate HIF-2/ITPR1 axis as intrinsic feature of resistance tumor cells to improve NK cell response in RCC patients.
Overexpression of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E Induces Critical Transcription Factors Such As c-Myc in Multiple Myeloma Resulting in Enhanced Clonogenic Tumor Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. (2012)

Abstract Abstract 2908 Introduction: The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a critical regulator in protein synthesis. It has been shown that overexpression and/or activation of eIF4E is critical for oncogenic protein synthesis. The precise role of protein translation in multiple myeloma (MM) is less clear. Recently it has been shown that eIF4E protein levels are higher in primary CD138+ MM cells than in normal plasma cells (Li, Jin et al. 2011) and that mutations in genes related to mRNA translation are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple (Chapman, Lawrence et al. 2011). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that control protein synthesis is an emerging new research area in MM with significant potential for developing innovative therapies. In this study, we analyzed the effects of introduction of ectopic eIF4E in MM cell lines compared with their parent cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: To examine the effect of overexpressed eIF4E in MM, we transduced MM cell lines with lentiviral particles encoding human eIF4E with GFP as selection marker. Introduction of ectopic eIF4E significantly increased critical factors for myeloma cell growth such as myc, cyclin D1, C/EBP beta and IRF4 as detected by western blotting. Overexpression of eIF4E resulted in a significant (p&lt;0.001) increase of DNA synthesis compared to empty vector control (EV) cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed a decreasing number of cells in G0/G1 phase (62% vs 49%) and cells arresting in the G2/M phase (14% vs 23%), not affecting cell apoptosis. Overexpression of eIF4E further led to the significant increase (p=0.004) of clonogenic tumor growth with expansion of clonogenic colony numbers (22.3 ± 2.5 vs 40.3 ± 2.1) and size. To determine whether overexpressed eIF4E also affects MM tumor growth in vivo, we generated subcutaneous MM xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient x beige (SCID/bg) mice using the EV and eIF4E-OE-U266 cells. In contrast to EV-U266 tumors, animals bearing eIF4E-OE-U266 xenografts showed a significant increase (p&lt;0.001) of tumor growth by 180% after 13 days. Conclusion: Here we show that eIF4E, a key player in translational machinery, promotes multiple myeloma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. When eIF4E is overexpressed, it enhances protein expression of a subset of transcripts encoding regulators of the cell cycle and proliferation. Disclosures: Lentzsch: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.
2020. Concordance of Direct vs. Indirect Pathogen Detection Using the BioFire® System (2018)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific method for pathogen detection. While direct methods enable rapid identification, they are limited by pathogen titer, available assays, or sample matrix. Transcriptomic analysis addresses these limitations by measuring systemic host gene expression changes to infections. The BioFire System uses sample-to-answer multiplex PCR that was adapted to detect 42 transcripts differentially expressed during viral and bacterial infections. Here we report concordance between indirect detection of viral respiratory pathogens and the FDA-cleared BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2 (RP2). Paired nasal pharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained by informed consent from patients with suspected acute respiratory illness. Swabs (COPAN FLOQSwab™) were collected and stored in viral transport media (BD) for BioFire RP2 testing and peripheral blood samples were collected in PAXgene tubes (Qiagen) for testing with the research use only human response (HR) panel. A logistic regression model was developed to classify viral and nonviral positive samples using normalized quantification cycles for each assay. Probabilities of viral infection for each sample were calculated via cross-validation and an optimal threshold of positivity was identified. Overall accuracy of the HR panel relative to BioFire RP2 was 86% (CI95% 80%, 91%) for all viral infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (CI95% 0.76, 0.95). Accuracy varied by infection etiology: Influenza virus 100% (CI95% 88%, 100%) Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 63% (CI95% 35%, 85%), other viral infections 50% (CI95% 25%, 75%). While most of the BioFire RP2 negative results exhibited low viral probabilities, strong viral probabilities were measured in a few samples; this may be indicative of an infection at a low titer or the presence of a viral pathogen not on the BioFire RP2 Panel. These results demonstrate that indirect transcriptomic analysis resulted in similar accuracy to direct viral pathogen detection in acute respiratory patients; however, additional research is needed to elucidate the relationship between transcriptional results and infectious etiologies. C. Gritzen, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. T. Wilson, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. J. Nawrocki, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. M. Deneris, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. C. Baird, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. E. Ott, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. J. Jones, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. J. Bastar, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. H. Kim, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. S. House, Washington University School of Medicine: Research Contractor, Research support. D. Cohen, Nationwide Children’s Hospital: Research Contractor, Research support. A. Leber, Nationwide Children’s Hospital: Research Contractor, Research support. R. Crisp, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee, Salary. A. Hemmert, BioFire Diagnostics, LLC.: Employee and Investigator, Salary.
A New Model of Cerebral Microthrombosis in Rats and the Neuroprotective Effect of a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor (2000)

We present a new model of stroke in rats, in which the perforating arteries are selectively occluded by microthrombi. This model is useful to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of small cerebral infarction, which is caused by perforating arterial occlusive diseases such as lacunar infarcts. Fasudil may be beneficial in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Leveraging endpoint flexibility in data-intensive clusters (2013)

Many applications do not constrain the destinations of their network transfers. New opportunities emerge when such transfers contribute a large amount of network bytes. By choosing the endpoints to avoid congested links, completion times of these transfers as well as that of others without similar flexibility can be improved. In this paper, we focus on leveraging the flexibility in replica placement during writes to cluster file systems (CFSes), which account for almost half of all cross-rack traffic in data-intensive clusters. The replicas of a CFS write can be placed in any subset of machines as long as they are in multiple fault domains and ensure a balanced use of storage throughout the cluster.
P1‐511: Towards more strategic subject selection in Alzheimer's randomized clinical trials: neuropsychological testing to distinguish fast decliners from improvers (2011)

Alzheimer's disease NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criteria require cognitive impairment confirmation by neuropsychological tests in addition to the MMSE or similar examination, yet protocols rarely require documentation of supplemental testing. Broad MMSE inclusion ranges can result in randomization of non-demented subjects and slower than expected placebo group decline, degrading study power. Lopez et al (2010) reported an analysis of pooled data from 14 AD trials, defining criteria for fastest and slowest decline (improvers). We applied these criteria in preliminary analyses to mild/moderate AD study blinded data to identify fast decliners and improvers at week 24; then compared neuropsychological tests at screening. In this phase II trial, MMSE inclusion range was 16-26. At week 24, 69 subjects met Lopez et al Criterion 2: Fast decliners: ADAS-Cog deterioration ≥3.33 points (N = 41), Improvers: ADAS-Cog improvement ≥1.66 points (N = 28). T-tests compared the groups on screening visit tests: MMSE, ADAS-Cog, Fluency, Digit Span, MMSE Attention and Calculation, Color Trails. Distributions were compared to identify potential cut-off scores for trial entry. Preliminary results show statistically significant differences between fast decliners and improvers on Digit Span Backwards, Color Trails 1, MMSE, Category Fluency, Digit Span Backwards plus Attention and Calculation, Color Trails 1 plus 2, ADAS-Cog, Attention and Calculation, Letter Fluency plus Category Fluency, and Color Trails 2. Several neuropsychological tests’ score distributions did not overlap completely (examples: Category Fluency, Digit Span Backwards, Color Trails 1), with worst and best scores uniquely associated with fast decliners and improvers respectively. Measures with restricted or narrow ranges did not have unique values, examples: MMSE and Attention and Calculation. Consistent with the known relationship between severity and rate of decline in AD, in the blinded data fast decliners and improvers were different at screening on verbal fluency, working memory, and complex information processing speed. Further analyses will focus on the smaller placebo group. These measures have potential use in strategic subject selection to fulfill the NINCDS-ADRDA requirement of supplementing the MMSE for confirming cognitive impairment, documenting progressivity (another NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criterion neglected in trials), and identifying improvers at screening for exclusion, and should be considered in protocol design.
Imaging Gene Expression (2006)

Genome-wide sequencing and increasing use of microarrays has resulted in the identification of a large number of new genes which may have important functional roles in development and onset of disease. Classical approaches in gene expression studies fall short in providing information about cellular localization of these genes and their relative levels of expression in tissues. Rapid determination of gene expression can be achieved with in situ methods of localization of gene expression in combination with recent developments in imaging technology.
Maneuvering range-spread target detection in white Gaussian noise using multiple-pulse combined waveform contrast (2017)

In order to improve the detection probability of range-spread targets in white Gaussian noise, a detector using waveform contrast is proposed based on multiple-pulse trains. Firstly, sliding cross correlation is utilized to eliminate the detrimental influence of range migration. Then, arithmetic mean algorithm is adopted to synthesize the final high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs). Finally, the waveform contrast factor based on multiple pulses is employed to form the detection statistic. The experiments confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed detector compared with the conventional range-spread target detectors.
A Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Ice Cream. II. Influence of Selected Ingredients and Processes (1992)

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of processing parameters, viz., incorporation of polysaccharide stabilizers, freezing rates, and storage times and temperatures on the microstructure of ice cream. As the freezing rate was reduced, ice crystals and air bubbles increased in size. However, quenchfreezing also contributed to poor texture; thus an optimum freezing rate exists for the production of suitably- sized ice crystals and texture in ice cream. Model systems of polysaccharide stabilizer solutions were seen to have a characteristic network structure when quenchfrozen which was altered by the addition of sucrose. Stabilized ice cream initially had smaller mean ice crystal diameters than unstabilized samples and also held its structure better during storage at fluctuating temperatures as measured through ice crystal growth and sensory analysis.
Segmentation et codage de mots manuscrits Arabes par une approche Black Board (1996)

Nous presentons dans cette communication une methode de segmentation et de codage des mots manuscrits par approche blackboard. Nous avons concu un systeme, a trois niveaux : chaque niveau s'occupe d'une des trois phases du traitement : la segmentation du mot en portions de caracteres (graphemes). l'analyse fine de ces graphemes et le codage du mot par une sequence d'observations inspirees de la perception humaine. et enfin la phase de reconnaissance : cette troisieme phase ne sera pas presentee dans ce papier. Les resultats de ces deux premiers niveaux. seront exploites a l'aide de modules de reconnaissance de type : markoviens et arbre de decision. Ce papier se termine par une discussion sur nos taux de segmentation.
A Novel Pyrrole Synthesis:  One-Pot Preparation of Ethyl 5-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Novel Pyrrole Synthesis: One-Pot Preparation of Ethyl 5-Methylpyrrole-2-carboxylateTimothy P. Curran and Meghan T. KeaneyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610-2395 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 25, 9068–9069Publication Date (Web):December 13, 1996Publication History Received12 July 1996Published online13 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961322hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961322hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views767Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Materials,Pyrroles Get e-Alerts
Sulfur/Olefin Copolymers as Vulcanizing Agents for Rubber (1995)

Abstract Sulfur/olefin copolymers are known as vulcanizing agents for rubber, but synthetic procedures for these materials are poor and there is little in the literature to relate the structure of the copolymer with the vulcanizate properties of the rubber. This study discusses a new suspension process for the preparation of sulfur/dicyclopentadiene and sulfur/dicyclopentadiene/styrene copolymers. The relationship between the sulfur/olefin copolymer and vulcanizate properties is discussed in terms of the structure of the copolymer and other reaction products.
The Effect of Lipophilic Substituents on the H2‐Histaminergic Activity of Some Close Analogues of Impromidine (1992)

The cimetidine-like moiety of the potent H2-agonist impromidine (9a) and three closely related guanidines (10a, 11a, and 12a) which are modified in the imidazolylpropyl portion, has been replaced by 2-[(2-pyridyl)methylthio]ethyl, 2-(benzylthio)ethyl and 3,3-diphenylpropyl substituents. Guanidines 10-12 were obtained from acidic hydrolysis of corresponding N-benzoyl guanidines 7, 8, and 15, accessible by successive aminolysis of diphenyl N-benzoyl carbonimidate (2) according to known methods. Compared with leads 10a and 11a lipophilic substitution affords almost equipotent H2-agonists 10b-d and 11b-d, while substituents with increasing lipophilicity enhance both intrinsic activity and potency of the weak partial agonist 12a at guinea-pig atrial H2-receptors. Guanidines 10-12 are weak H1-antagonists on the isolated guinea-pig ileum.
<title>Signal-to-noise improvement in derived images</title> (1990)

A method which improves the signal-to-noise ratio in derived images is discussed. It is shown that if the derived images are filtered appropriately it may be possible to improve the signal-to-noise ratio considerably. The advantage of the current method over low-pass filtering is that one may be able to retain some of the high spatial frequency detail in the processed images. The method is applied to the mapping of molecular diffusion constant by NMIR imaging. 1.
Glomerular crescents predominantly express cadherin–catenin complex in pauci‐immune‐type crescentic glomerulonephritis (2003)

The cadherin-catenin complex is a specific marker of Bowman's epithelial cells in human glomeruli. The cellular crescents in pauci-immune-type crescentic glomerulonephritis possess adherens junction molecules, indicating a principle parietal epithelial cell phenotype.
New cycloartane coronalyl acetate and other terpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves of Vietnamese Gardenia philastrei (2022)

Phytochemical study on the methanolic extract of the leaves of Vietnamese plant <i>Gardenia philastrei</i> Pierre ex Pit. has led to the isolation of a new cycloartane coronalyl acetate (<b>1</b>) together with six known ones, coronlolide methyl ester (<b>2</b>), sootepin D (<b>3</b>), coronalolide (<b>4</b>), coronalolic acid (<b>5</b>), sootepin G (<b>6</b>) and 23-deoxojessic acid (<b>7</b>). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 2 D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopies. These compounds (<b>1-7</b>) were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. The result showed that six compounds (<b>1</b>-<b>6</b>) inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages with their IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 3.76 - 75.47 µg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the <i>G. philastrei</i>.