gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Blue LED Light at Subjective Daytime Does not Affect Brain Function in Pigmented Mice (2017)

White light emitting diode (LED) lighting is being used more frequently for illumination in recent years. The coupling of blue with yellow emitting phosphors produces white LED light. Blue light has a short wavelength in the visible light spectrum and exerts a strong influence on photobiological functions. Cycling light exposure is necessary for the synchronizing the circadian rhythm. The exposure to white light at subjective nighttime induces cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety by disturbing the circadian rhythm and increasing stress hormone. However, few studies have been performed at the subjective daytime. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to blue light from an LED at subjective daytime affects brain function. We irradiated C57BL/6J mice with 200 lux of blue LED light for 12 h/day for 6 weeks at the subjective daytime and performed Y-maze, object recognition, tail suspension, and open field tests. There was no significant difference between the exposed mice and control mice. Histological analysis of the retina showed that the blue light exposure did not alter the retinal thickness. We conclude that the exposure to blue LED light at subjective daytime does not affect the retinal morphology or brain function in pigmented mice.
Electron Diffraction of Organic Nanowires (2009)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Global ultraviolet imager (GUVI): measuring composition and energy inputs for the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission (1999)

The Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission will determine the variability in thermospheric composition, and its response to auroral inputs as well as measuring those inputs. GUVI is the result of twenty years of work in designing large field of regard far ultraviolet (110 - 180 nm) imagers for spaceflight. These systems are based on the concept of a horizon-to-horizon 'monochromatic' imager. The field of view of a spectrograph is swept from horizon to horizon using a scan mirror. The spectrograph uses a grating to spectrally disperse the light. A two-dimensional detector is used to record spatial and spectral information simultaneously. Images are obtained at discrete wavelengths without the use of filters; this reduces if not eliminates much of the concern about instrumental bandpasses, out-of-band rejection, and characterization of filter responses. Onboard processing is used to bin the spectral information into 'colors' thereby reducing the overall data rate required. The spectral bandpass is chosen to lie in the far ultraviolet so that the sunlit and dark aurora can be imaged. We review the instrument's as delivered performance and the TIMED science requirements. TIMED will be launched May 18, 2000 and will inaugurate the Solar-Terrestrial Connections program at NASA.
MOCVD of YBCO and Buffer Layers on Textured Ni Alloyed Tapes (2007)

A RTR MOCVD was used for the deposition of YBCO and various oxides. A new MOCVD technique enable us to coat the metal tape directly without formation of NiO. At a low oxygen partial pressure the buffer layers were grown on the metal tape with good in plane and out of plane texture. The texture of the MgO buffer layers depend on the surface of the alloyed Ni-tape. YBCO layers exhibit excellent out of plane texture with FWHM(005) = 1.4 - 3.5deg and good in plane texture of FWHM(103) = 5-7deg. On MgO buffered Ni5at%W the inductive measured j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> was 0.3-0.7 MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 77 K.
Random Linear Network Coding: A free cipher? (2007)

We consider the level of information security provided by random linear network coding in network scenarios in which all nodes comply with the communication protocols yet are assumed to be potential eavesdroppers (i.e. "nice but curious"). For this setup, which differs from wiretapping scenarios considered previously, we develop a natural algebraic security criterion, and prove several of its key properties. A preliminary analysis of the impact of network topology on the overall network coding security, in particular for complete directed acyclic graphs, is also included.
Numerating Possible Design Options for Integral Attachment (1996)

Abstract Proliferation of plastic in parts, and the ability to mold such parts of great complexity at little cost penalty, has resulted in growing use of integral attachments (or so called snap-fits) in designs. The diversity of integral attachment features and the potential applications of this assembly method have made it appear that design possibilities may be unbounded. This paper extends an “attachment level” methodology first articulated by researchers at General Motors by enumerating all possible design options for 2-D (rectilinear) and 3-D (prismatic) polyhedral as well as 2-D and 3-D curvilinear parts using a recently developed hierarchical classification scheme. It was found that there are only 343 possible interface combinations that will allow attachment, of which only 150 are totally unique if one recognizes the interchangeability of attachment features between mating components comprising the assembly. Thus, for a seemingly infinite or unbounded group of possible real integral attachment applications, the choices are, in fact, limited to a quite manageable number. This allows designers to truly optimize a design by considering literally every possibility after working down through the classification hierarchy.
Editorial - Is Syringomyelia Pathology or A Natural Protective Phenomenon? (2001)

Syringomyelia, or 'hydrocephalus of the cord' is commonly associated\nwith spinal abnormality complex of basilar invagination and Chiari\nmalformation. Syringomyelia is less commonly 'secondary' to a 'primary'\nmass lesion either in the posterior cranial fossa or in the spinal\ncanal, an acute spinal deformity or other such pathology. Rarely\nprimary cause of syringomyelia is not identifiable. Understanding the\npathophysiology of syringomyelia is crucially important to design a\nsuitable treatment strategy and prognosticate the ultimate outcome.
Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Outcomes among Patients with Polytrauma at a Single Regional Trauma Center in South Korea (2021)

Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated a redistribution of resources to meet hospitals’ service needs. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on a regional trauma center in South Korea. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases of polytrauma at a single regional trauma center in South Korea between January 20 and September 30, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and compared them to cases reported during the same time frame (January 20 to September 30) between 2016 and 2019 (the pre-COVID-19 period). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included the number of daily admissions, hospital length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS. Results The mean number of daily admissions decreased by 15% during the COVID-19 period (4.0±2.0 vs. 4.7±2.2, p=0.010). There was no difference in mechanisms of injury between the two periods. For patients admitted during the COVID-19 period, the hospital LOS was significantly shorter (10 days [interquartile range (IQR) 4–19 days] vs. 16 days [IQR 8–28 days], p&lt;0.001); however, no significant differences in ICU LOS and mortality were found. Conclusions The observations at Regional Trauma Center, Pusan National University Hospital corroborate anecdotal reports that there has been a decline in the number of patients admitted to hospitals during the COVID-19 period. In addition, patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significantly shorter hospital LOS than those admitted before the COVID-19 pandemic. These preliminary data warrant validation in larger, multi-center studies.
Effects of Tomato Sauce Consumption on Apoptotic Cell Death in Prostate Benign Hyperplasia and Carcinoma (2003)

Population studies have suggested that lycopene, which is mostly found in tomato and tomato products, may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. We previously found that tomato sauce consumption prior to prostatectomy for prostate cancer decreased serum prostate specific antigen, decreased oxidative DNA damage, and increased lycopene concentrations in prostate tissue (Chen et al., 2001). Here, we extended those investigations to determine whether apoptotic cell death and associated Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were modulated by tomato sauce intervention. Thirty-two patients diagnosed by biopsy with prostate carcinoma were given tomato sauce pasta entrees (30 mg lycopene/day) for 3 wk before prostatectomy. Thirty-four patients with prostate cancer who did not consume tomato sauce and underwent prostatectomy served as controls. When tumor areas with the most apoptotic cells were compared in the biopsy (before) and resected prostate tissue (after), tomato sauce consumption increased apoptotic cells in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) from 0.66 +/- 0.10% to 1.38 +/- 0.31% (P = 0.013) and in carcinomas from 0.84 +/- 0.13% to 2.76 +/- 0.58% (P = 0.0003). When comparable morphological areas were counted, apoptotic cell death in carcinomas increased significantly with treatment, from 0.84 +/- 0.13% to 1.17 +/- 0.19% (P = 0.028), and apoptotic cell death in BPH showed a tendency toward an increase from 0.66 +/- 0.10% to 1.20 +/- 0.32% (P = 0.20). When the values of apoptotic cells in BPH and carcinomas of patients who consume tomato sauce were compared with corresponding control lesions of the patients who did not consume tomato sauce in resected prostate tissue, the differences of values were not significant [BPH 1.38 +/- 0.31% vs. 1.14 +/- 0.32% (P = 0.97); carcinomas 2.76 +/- 0.58% vs. 1.91 +/- 0.32% (P = 0.24)]. Tomato sauce consumption did not affect Bcl-2 expression but decreased Bax expression in carcinomas. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that tomato sauce consumption may suppress the progression of the disease in a subset of patients with prostate cancer by increasing apoptotic cell death. However, because of the relatively small number of control and tomato sauce-supplemented patients and the variability in the values of apoptotic cells in BPH and carcinomas, a much larger number of patients needs to be examined to support the data generated in this study.
Hypothalamic Dysfunction in a Female with Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Compound Heterozygous TACR3 Mutations and Clinical Manifestation in Her Heterozygous Mother (2010)

The results suggest hypothalamic dysfunction as the primary cause for IHH in patients with biallelic TACR3 mutations and clinical manifestation in heterozygous females, together with the rarity of TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in patients with IHH.
A flexible solid-state electrolyte for wide-scale integration of rechargeable zinc–air batteries (2015)

Replacing liquid electrolytes with a versatile, solid-state membrane based on highly functionalized cellulose nanofibers allows for easy integration of rechargeable zinc–air into any bendable and wearable devices.
[(arene)Rh(cod)] Complexes as Catalysts for [5+2] Cycloaddition Reactions (2002)

Within a few minutes at room temperature, intramolecular [5+2] cycloaddition reactions of vinylcyclopropanes and tethered alkenes or alkynes reach completion when arene-ligated rhodium(I) complexes are used as catalysts (see scheme). In particular, naphthalene complex 1 was found to be an exceptionally effective and, in cases where comparisons have been made, preferred catalyst.
Cholesterol and Lipid Peroxides in Animal Products and Health Implications - A Review (2012)

Cholesterol and Lipid Peroxides in Animal Products and Health Implications - A Review The level of oxysterols in animal products depends on the temperature used in food processing, duration of heating, and storage time and conditions. High temperature, oxygen, exposure to light, chemical composition of the product and low level of antioxidants accelerate the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). Also the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat and eggs favours the formation of oxysterols. Dairy products are characterized by the lowest content of COPs of all animal products. The most common oxysterols present in products of animal origin are 7-ketocholesterol, 20α-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and α, β-epoxycholesterol. Numerous studies have confirmed the adverse effects of COPs on animal and human health. They exhibit mutagenic, carcinogenic, angiogenic and toxic action, damage cell membranes, and inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. The use of certain antioxidants in animal nutrition limits the formation of COPs during technological processing of meat, eggs and milk, as well as during storage of fresh products. The excessive oxidation of cholesterol can be additionally prevented through the use of appropriate packaging that limits oxygen and light exposure.
Rheological Properties of Microgel Prepared with Long-Chain Crosslinkers by a Precipitation Polymerization Method (2011)

A series of new crosslinkers, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 400(PEGDA), and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 300(PEGDMA) as long-chain crosslinkers, were utilized to prepare crosslinked poly (acrylic acid) microgels via precipitation polymerization in organic solvent. To investigate the effect of crossslinker type on structure and properties of the polymer, samples synthesized with long chain crosslinkers were compared with polymer synthesized with a short chain one [N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)]. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy analysis was used for elucidating the structure of the samples and apparent viscosity was employed to determine optimum crosslinker concentration. The alcohol absorbency, gel content, and Tg were improved by utilizing PEGDA as the crosslinker. Rheological measurements of the water-swollen gels showed superior storage modulus with the long chain crosslinker. The Flory–Rehner equation and rubber elasticity theory were used for calculating and were separately discussed in terms of their effect on the structure-properties relationships of the microgels. In addition, the viscosity coefficient (m) and flow behavior index (n) of the Ostwald equation were studied. The microgels follow the close packed hard sphere model and also a power law behavior.
Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Over $\kappa{-}\mu$ and $\kappa{-}\mu$ Extreme Fading Channels (2012)

Energy detection (ED) is a simple and popular method of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. It is also widely known that the performance of sensing techniques is largely affected when users experience fading effects. This paper investigates the performance of an energy detector over generalized <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\kappa{-}\mu$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\kappa{-} \mu$</tex></formula> extreme fading channels, which have been shown to provide remarkably accurate fading characterization. Novel analytic expressions are firstly derived for the corresponding average probability of detection for the case of single-user detection. These results are subsequently extended to the case of square-law selection (SLS) diversity and for collaborative detection scenarios. As expected, the performance of the detector is highly dependent upon the severity of fading since even small variations of the fading conditions affect significantly the value of the average probability of detection. Furthermore, the performance of the detector improves substantially as the number of branches or collaborating users increase in both severe and moderate fading conditions, whereas it is shown that the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\kappa{-} \mu$</tex></formula> extreme model is capable of accounting for fading variations even at low signal-to-noise values. The offered results are particularly useful in assessing the effect of fading in ED-based cognitive radio communication systems; therefore, they can be used in quantifying the associated tradeoffs between sensing performance and energy efficiency in cognitive radio networks.
Treatment Considerations for a Dual Epidemic of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure. (2013)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) have emerged as major cardiovascular epidemics in developed nations over the past decade. They share similar risk factors, seem to mutually accelerate progression and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Their relationship involves complex hemodynamic, neuro-hormonal, inflammatory and electrophysiologic mechanisms, which go beyond just mutual risk factors. This review focuses on updates in AF and HF with a hope of better understanding this relationship and the management of this complex duo.
The highly efficient gamma-neutron detector for control of fissionable radioactive materials (2014)

Comparative measurements and analysis of detection efficiency of fast and thermal neutrons from ²³⁹Pu-Be source by heavy oxide scintillators (Z≥50) confirmed high detection efficiency (∼ 40-50 %). The most probable mechanism determining the fast neutron detection efficiency is the reaction of inelastic scattering (n, n ′ γ ) as the main mechanism of interaction of neutrons with nuclei of oxide scintillators. The fast neutron detection efficiency was determined by the method of internal counting of gamma-quanta emerging in the scintillator under (n, n ′ γ ) reaction. It has been shown that the use of heavy oxide scintillators (which are also efficient gamma-detectors) in inspection systems can allow detection of fissionable radioactive materials.
Application of singlechip in cigarette quality inspection and control (2004)

This cigaret quality inspection and control instrument using 80C196 singlechip to solve PA8-5 and PA9 problems of filter joint eguipment imported from English Molins company,it gives out the important quality specification-Nominal rate,and inspect on-line specifications such as average diluting degree,short level,short seller,aggregate number,and so on.A software gives examples to set standards on short seller and diluting degree easily.
Dynamic Photoelastic Study of Crack-Wave Interaction in Thick-Walled Rings (1987)

A series of photoelastic experiments were conducted to study crack-wave interaction in thick-walled rings. Particular attention was paid to the initiation, propagation and branching of small flaws at the outer or the inner boundary of the ring due to stress waves generated from explosion. The results indicate that the crack once initiated propagates until it reaches either one of the two boundaries. Momentary crack arrests are possible during the experiment.
Annealed Sparsity via Adaptive and Dynamic Shrinking (2016)

Sparse learning has received tremendous amount of interest in high-dimensional data analysis due to its model interpretability and the low-computational cost. Among the various techniques, adaptive l1-regularization is an effective framework to improve the convergence behaviour of the LASSO, by using varying strength of regularization across different features. In the meantime, the adaptive structure makes it very powerful in modelling grouped sparsity patterns as well, being particularly useful in high-dimensional multi-task problems. However, choosing an appropriate, global regularization weight is still an open problem. In this paper, inspired by the annealing technique in material science, we propose to achieve "annealed sparsity" by designing a dynamic shrinking scheme that simultaneously optimizes the regularization weights and model coefficients in sparse (multi-task) learning. The dynamic structures of our algorithm are twofold. Feature-wise (spatially), the regularization weights are updated interactively with model coefficients, allowing us to improve the global regularization structure. Iteration-wise (temporally), such interaction is coupled with gradually boosted l1-regularization by adjusting an equality norm-constraint, achieving an annealing effect to further improve model selection. This renders interesting shrinking behaviour in the whole solution path. Our method competes favorably with state-of-the-art methods in sparse (multi-task) learning. We also apply it in expression quantitative trait loci analysis (eQTL), which gives useful biological insights in human cancer (melanoma) study.
Parametric coherent receiver (2015)

We present the parametric coherent receiver based on a two-mode pump-degenerate fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). The receiver is inherently single-ended and offers a simultaneous gain and coherent mixing of the received signal and a reference wave (known as a local oscillator signal) with, in principle, arbitrary wavelength separation. We analyze the receiver theoretically and in a proof-of-concept experiment. As a reference we compare the performance to a standard single-ended homodyne coherent receiver.
Research of Calcium Phosphates Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2012)

In the biomaterial research field, nowadays a great attention is driven onto calcium phosphates synthesis and obtaining of ceramics that can be used in orthopedics and dentistry, in the form of coatings, granules, porous or solid blocks, as well as in the form of various composite materials. The most frequently studied, clinically tested and used synthetic materials based on calcium phosphate (CaP) are hydroxyapatite [HAp Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], ┚-tricalcium phosphate [┚-TCP Ca3(PO4)2] and biphasic HAp/┚-TCP mixture. CaP ceramic demonstrates high biocompatibility and bioactivity while it contacts bone cells, builds a direct chemical connection between bone tissues and ceramic implant. As practice shows, purchased materials, most often commercial CaP materials, not always have properties and qualities defined by the manufacturer. Frequently, the manufacturer’s information about the offered product is not complete or precise, by it troubling usage of raw CaP material for development of implants. The most common imperfections of CaP materials are – unpredictable properties after the high temperature treatment (composition and clarity of crystal phases, chemical composition, thermal stability, etc.) which become clear only after the high temperature treatment of the ready implant material has occurred. For several years, Riga Biomaterial Innovation and Development Centre (RBIDC) of Riga Technical University perform a wide range of property studies of various commercial CaP raw materials.
Quasicrystals: Sections of Hyperspace (2011)

Since the moment Dan Shechtman discovered a material with an ordered but aperiodic (“quasiperiodic”) structure, which was believed to be impossible at the time, he began a long battle to convince his colleagues that his data were real. His efforts were finally rewarded with a Nobel Prize. The picture shows the projected electron density distribution function of decagonal Al-Co-Ni with Penrose tiling as an example of a quasicrystal.
Stabilized dual-comb MIXSEL (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Publisher’s Note: This conference presentation, originally published on 21 April 2017, was withdrawn per author request.