gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and PI3 Kinase Inhibition Activity of Some Novel Trisubstituted Morpholinopyrimidines (2018)

A number of new substituted morpholinopyrimidines were prepared utilizing sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution and cross-coupling reactions. One of the disubstituted pyrimidines was converted into two trisubstituted compounds which were screened as PI3K inhibitors relative to the well-characterized PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474, and were found to be 1.5⁻3-times more potent. A leucine linker was attached to the most active inhibitor since it would remain on any peptide-containing prodrug after cleavage by prostate-specific antigen, and it did not prevent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and hence the inhibition of PI3K by the modified inhibitor.
ESTETROL: DESDE UN ESTRÓGENO FETAL HASTA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA MENOPAUSIA (2009)

Estetrol es un esteroide estrognico sintetizado exclusivamente por el hgado fetal, que traspasa a la circulacin materna por la placenta. Descrito por primera vez por Diczfalusy en 1965
Event driven electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve for management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis (2006)

The results indicate that involuntary detrusor contractions in patients with multiple sclerosis can effectively be inhibited with event driven stimulation, hereby improving bladder capacity and reducing the number of incontinence episodes. However, the used method for detecting detrusor contractions is not suitable in a chronic setting and alternative techniques needs to be investigated if stimulation should be applied automatically.
Induction of Heat Shock Response Protects the Heart Against Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

There is evidence suggesting that heat shock proteins (HSPs) may protect against clinical atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated the effect of HSP induction in an in vitro atrial cell line (HL-1) model of tachycardia remodeling and in tachypaced isolated canine atrial cardiomyocytes. We also evaluated the effect of HSP induction on in vivo AF promotion by atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling in dogs. Tachypacing (3 Hz) significantly and progressively reduced Ca(2+) transients and cell shortening of HL-1 myocytes over 4 hours. These reductions were prevented by HSP-inducing pretreatments: mild heat shock, geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), and transfection with human HSP27 or the phosphorylation-mimicking HSP27-DDD. However, treatment with HSP70 or the phosphorylation-deficient mutant HSP27-AAA failed to alter tachycardia-induced Ca(2+) transient and cell-shortening reductions, and downregulation (short interfering RNA) of HSP27 prevented GGA-mediated protection. Tachypacing (3 Hz) for 24 hours in vitro significantly reduced L-type Ca(2+) current and action potential duration in canine atrial cardiomyocytes; these effects were prevented when tachypacing was performed in cells exposed to GGA. In vivo treatment with GGA increased HSP expression and suppressed refractoriness abbreviation and AF promotion in dogs subjected to 1-week atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling. In conclusion, our findings indicate that (1) HSP induction protects against atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling, (2) the protective effect in HL-1 myocytes requires HSP27 induction and phosphorylation, and (3) the orally administered HSP inducer GGA protects against AF in a clinically relevant animal model. These findings advance our understanding of the biochemical determinants of AF and suggest the possibility that HSP induction may be an interesting novel approach to preventing clinical AF.
Narrow band gap conjugated polymers for emergent optoelectronic technologies (2015)

Conjugated organic molecules effectively produce and harvest visible light and find utility in a variety of emergent optoelectronic technologies. There is currently interest in expanding the scope of these materials to extend functionality into the infrared (IR) spectral regions and endow functionality relevant in emergent technologies. Developing an understanding of the interplay between chemical and electronic structure in these systems will require control of the frontier orbital energetics (separation, position, and alignment), ground state electronic configurations, <i>inter</i>chain arrangements, solid-state properties, and many other molecular features with synthetic precision that has yet to be demonstrated. Bridgehead imine substituted 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT) structural units, in combination with strong acceptors with progressively delocalized π-systems, afford modular donor-acceptor copolymers with broad and long wavelength absorption that spans technologically relevant wavelength (λ) ranges from 0.7 &lt; λ &lt; 3.2 μm.1 Here we demonstrate that electronic and structural manipulation play a major role in influencing the energetics of these systems and ultimately controlling the band gap of the materials. These results bear implication in the development of very narrow band gap systems where precise control will be necessary for achieving desired properties such as interactions with longer wavelength light.
An on-line Japanese character recognition method using length-based stroke correspondence algorithm (2002)

Because most Japanese characters consist of several strokes, many recognition methods determine stroke correspondence before calculating the distance between the input character and the template character. When the writing style is cursive, however, the stroke number is changeable. If stroke numbers differ between the input and template characters, stroke correspondence is not one-to-one, and it is not easy to determine the correspondence. The method proposed, uses stroke length, because these lengths are relatively stable even when the writing is cursive. The calculation of recognition using stroke lengths is faster than that of recognition using other multidimensional feature values such as the coordinates. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fabrication of highly dense SiN4 ceramics without additives by high pressure sintering (1984)

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of candidate materials for the engineering ceramics which is used at high temperatures. The mechanical strengths of hot pressed or sintered Si2N4 ceramics containing some amount of additives, however, are deteriorated at elevated temperatures. To improve the high temperature strength of Si3N4 ceramics, an attempt to consolidate Si3N4 without additives was made by high pressure sintering technique. Scanning electron micrographs of fracture surfaces of the sintered bodies showed the bodies had finely grained and fully self-bonded sintered bodies were 310N sq m at room temperature and 174N/sq m at 1200 C.
Research on Soluble Metal Sulfides:  From Polysulfido Complexes to Functional Models for the Hydrogenases (2003)

Results from this laboratory are surveyed, emphasizing the synthesis of metal sulfides. Four themes are described. Continuing studies exploit the exothermic desulfurization of polysulfido complexes as a means to generate new clusters and rings. Illustrative inorganic rings prepared in this way include 1,5-[L(2)M](2)(S(3))(2) and 1,4-[L(2)M](2)(S(2))(2), where L(2)M = CpRu(PPh(3)) and Cp(2)Ti. Fundamentally new clusters prepared in this project included the cubanes [(C(5)R(5))MS](4) for M = Ti, V, Ru, Ir. Associated redox studies led to the discovery of the phenomenon of mobile metal-metal bonds, as manifested in [Cp(4)Ir(4)S(4)](2+) wherein the localized Ir-Ir bond migrates over the six Ir- - -Ir edges of the cluster. Other desulfurization experiments led to the preparation of the reactive species Ir(II)(2)S(2)(PPh(3))(4) from [IrS(16)](3)(-) and the synthesis of the first high polymers of ferrocene, [(RC(5)H(3)S)(2)Fe](n) (n approximately 500). A second theme uncovered the useful role of donor solvents on the reaction of metals with sulfur. It was found that pyridine accelerates the low temperature conversion of Cu to crystalline CuS via the intermediacy of the cluster Cu(4)(S(5))(2)L(4). Related synthetic methodology led to a family of amine-stabilized zinc polysulfides, e.g. ZnS(6)(tmeda), an efficient sulfur-transfer agent. A third theme explored the organic and organometallic chemistry of the tetrathiometalates. The sulfido analogue of OsO(4), ReS(4)(-) was shown to be broadly reactive toward unsaturated organic substrates such as alkenes, alkynes, nitriles, and isocyanides. The final and still emerging theme focuses on the preparation of functional and structural models for bio-organometallic reaction centers. Studies on models for the Fe-only hydrogenases began with the synthesis of the highly reducing species [Fe(2)(SR)(2)(CN)(2)(CO)(4)](2)(-) where (SR)(2) also includes the proposed azadithiolate cofactor HN(CH(2)S(-))(2). Systematic studies on the cyanide substitution process led to the preparation of [HFe(2)(SR)(2)(CN)(CO)(4)(PMe(3))], which efficiently catalyzes the reduction of protons to H(2). Work on the hydrogenases was expanded to include modeling of acetyl Co-A synthase, leading to the preparation of mixed valence Ni(2) models containing bound CO substrate.
IACUC Review of Nonhuman Primate Research (2013)

This article will detail some of the issues that must be considered as institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs) review the use of nonhuman primates (NHPs) in research. As large, intelligent, social, long-lived, and non-domesticated animals, monkeys are amongst the most challenging species used in biomedical research and the duties of the IACUC in relation to reviewing research use of these species can also be challenging. Issues of specific concern for review of NHP research protocols that are discussed in this article include scientific justification, reuse, social housing requirements, amelioration of distress, surgical procedures, and humane endpoints. Clear institutional policies and procedures as regards NHP in these areas are critical, and the discussion of these issues presented here can serve as a basis for the informed establishment of such policies and procedures.
Security constrained optimal power flow for an economical operation of FACTS-devices in liberalized energy markets (2002)

Among the ongoing liberalization of the global energy markets, several technical developments in the field of power electronic based transmission devices lead to a significant restructuring of the electric power supply. These FACTS-devices (Flexible A_C T_ransmission S_stems) enable a continuous and wear-resistant control of active and reactive power flows as well as voltage control. The incorporation of the control capabilities provided by FACTS-devices into an optimal power flow (OPF) opens up an unused potential for reducing power losses as well as cost for power transmission of the power system operator. This paper describes the optimization method basing on sequential quadratic programming (SQP) including models of FACTS-devices suitable for a gradient based optimization. Furthermore, the economically efficient operation of FACTS-devices is shown using different scenarios.
Wind Power Plant Model Validation Using Synchrophasor Measurements at the Point of Interconnection (2014)

A wind power plant (WPP) is different from a conventional power plant in the sense that a WPP may consist of hundreds of small (e.g., 1.5-MW) wind turbine generators (WTGs), whereas a conventional power plant may consist of one or several large generators. Common practice in power system planning to simulate a WPP is to use a single-turbine representation. However, it is important to realize that the response of a single-turbine representation is not the response of an individual turbine; instead, it represents the collective behavior of a WPP. In this paper, we present our experience in validating WPP from available measured data. We investigate the discrepancies between the simulation results and the actual measurement, and we examine the probable causes of these discrepancies. Finally, we offer methods to validate WPP dynamic model to better match the simulation result to the measured data. Understanding the nature of a WPP and the meaning of WPP equivalency is very important to determine the representation of a WPP.
Preactivated thiomers: Permeation enhancing properties (2012)

The study was aimed to prepare a series of poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine-2-mercaptonicotinic acid conjugates (preactivated thiomers) and to evaluate the influence of molecular mass or degree of preactivation with 2-mercaptonicotinic acid (2MNA) on their permeation enhancing properties. Preactivated thiomers with different molecular mass and different degree of preactivation were synthesized and categorized on the basis of their molecular mass and degree of preactivation as PAA(100)-Cys-2MNA (h), PAA(250)-Cys-2MNA (h), PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (h), PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (m) and PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (l). In vitro permeation studies, the permeation enhancement ability for preactivated thiomers was ranked as PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (h)>PAA(250)-Cys-2MNA (h)>PAA(100)-Cys-2MNA (h) on both Caco-2 cell monolayers and rat intestinal mucosa. Comparing the influence of degree of preactivation with 2MNA on permeation enhancement, the following order PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (h)>PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (m)≈PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (l) on Caco-2 cell monolayers and PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (m)>PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (h)>PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (l) on intestinal mucosa was observed. The P(app) of sodium fluorescein was 5.08-fold improved on Caco-2 cell monolayers for PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (h) and 2.46-fold improved on intestinal mucosa for PAA(450)-Cys-2MNA (m), respectively, in comparison to sodium fluorescein in buffer only. These results indicated that preactivated thiomers could be considered as a promising macromolecular permeation enhancing polymer for non-invasive drug administration.
The natural course of Gaucher disease in The Netherlands: Implications for monitoring of disease manifestations (2000)

This retrospective study in 20 untreated type I Gaucher disease patients shows that in Dutch patients clinical manifestations of Gaucher disease type I are progressive in the majority of patients, children as well as adults. This is in contrast with studies among Jewish patients. Our results emphasize the need for a regular follow-up to enable timely initiation of enzyme therapy.
Patterned Alginate Hydrogels to Induce Chondrocyte Alignment (2016)

The growth plate has an intricate architecture, and this architecture is necessary for directional growth of bones. Specifically, the cells align in longitudinal columns. As the growth plate expands with this pattern, the bone elongates with the same alignment pattern. The purpose of this research is to mimic this single celled, columnar alignment in vitro. In developing this alignment in vitro, this research will contribute to the overall study of growing growth for the development of improved therapeutic treatments and engineered tissues for transplants.
Cognitive function and insulin resistance in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (2017)

Our study demonstrates that the education level, FINS and HOMA-IR were independent factors of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type-2 diabetes. IR is an important risk factor and higher education level in a protective factor for the cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type-2 diabetes.
Effect of the Dialysis Membrane in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Renal Failure (1994)

Among patients with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis, the use of the polymethyl methacrylate membrane, as compared with the cuprophane membrane, resulted in improved recovery of renal function.
When Choosing Plausible Alternatives, Clever Hans can be Clever (2019)

Pretrained language models, such as BERT and RoBERTa, have shown large improvements in the commonsense reasoning benchmark COPA. However, recent work found that many improvements in benchmarks of natural language understanding are not due to models learning the task, but due to their increasing ability to exploit superficial cues, such as tokens that occur more often in the correct answer than the wrong one. Are BERT's and RoBERTa's good performance on COPA also caused by this? We find superficial cues in COPA, as well as evidence that BERT exploits these cues. To remedy this problem, we introduce Balanced COPA, an extension of COPA that does not suffer from easy-to-exploit single token cues. We analyze BERT's and RoBERTa's performance on original and Balanced COPA, finding that BERT relies on superficial cues when they are present, but still achieves comparable performance once they are made ineffective, suggesting that BERT learns the task to a certain degree when forced to. In contrast, RoBERTa does not appear to rely on superficial cues.
Preparation of Palladium and Platinum Synthetic High Polymer Catalysts and the Relationship between Particle Size and Rate of Hydrogenation (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Palladium and Platinum Synthetic High Polymer Catalysts and the Relationship between Particle Size and Rate of HydrogenationLouis D. Rampino and F. F. NordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 10, 2745–2749Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01855a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01855a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1732Altmetric-Citations204LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the Hybrid Operating Modes Regarding Efficiency, Emissions and Comfort for the Parallel-Series Hybrid Powertrain Concept DE-REX (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The “Two-Drive-Transmission with Range-Extender” (called DE-REX) is an innovative hybrid powertrain concept using two electric motors and an internal combustion engine. The two electric motors are permanent magnet synchronous motors with a maximum power of 48 kW each. As combustion engine a 3 cylinder, turbocharged engine with a power of 65 kW is used. The aggregates are coupled to a transmission whose layout is characterized by consisting of two parallel 2-speed sub-transmissions. This layout offers a high flexibility and enables both parallel and series hybrid driving. The hybrid control unit (HCU) has to select the optimal driving mode and power distribution between the aggregates in regard to in some extend competing objectives like efficiency, emissions or driving comfort. In particular, the operation of the internal combustion engine with only two gear ratios is challenging. In the course of the publically funded DE-REX project, the DE-REX powertrain concept was designed, manufactured and set up at an X-in-the-loop test rig. In this paper, the operating point decision is investigated in selected driving situations focusing at the conflict of objectives between the efficiency, the emissions of the combustion engine and the driving comfort. Therefore different hybrid control strategies are introduced on the basis of measurements at the powertrain test rig. Each strategy was designed to aim for one of the objectives gaining advantage out of the high flexibility of DE-REX. The availability of three propelling machines, gear selection and different hybrid modes opens up a wide field of driving power supply possibilities. The different strategy approaches show how an innovative powertrain design can improve system characteristics of modern hybrid vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Organoclay–natural rubber nanocomposites synthesized by mechanical and solution mixing methods (2004)

Abstract This investigation describes two methods to obtain rubber composites based on natural rubber (NR) and organophilic layered silicates. In order to improve the exfoliation and compatibilization of the organoclays with the rubber matrix, a new approach which involves swelling of the organoclays with an elastomer solution prior to compounding has been used. The effect of the addition during swelling of a coupling agent, namely bis(trietoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfan (TESPT), on the behaviour of the composites was also investigated. The results show that a low amount of organoclay (10 phr) significantly improves the properties of natural rubber. This suggests a strong rubber–organoclay interaction which is attributed to a high degree of rubber intercalation into the nanosilicate galleries, as was confirmed from X‐ray diffraction. In addition, an ulterior improvement in the properties of the nanocomposites prepared by solution mixing is clearly observed, due to the better filler–rubber compatibility. An even further increase in the properties is observed by treating the silicate with a silane coupling agent. The silane functional groups modify the clay surface, thus reducing the surface energy, and consequently improving the compatibility with the rubber matrix. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The expression of Lamin A mutant R321X leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress with aberrant Ca2+ handling (2016)

Mutations in the Lamin A/C gene (LMNA), which encodes A-type nuclear Lamins, represent the most frequent genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study is focused on a LMNA nonsense mutation (R321X) identified in several members of an Italian family that produces a truncated protein isoform, which co-segregates with a severe form of cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. However, no molecular mechanisms other than nonsense mediated decay of the messenger and possible haploinsufficiency were proposed to explain DCM. Aim of this study was to gain more insights into the disease-causing mechanisms induced by the expression of R321X at cellular level. We detected the expression of R321X by Western blotting from whole lysate of a mutation carrier heart biopsy. When expressed in HEK293 cells, GFP- (or mCherry)-tagged R321X mislocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) inducing the PERK-CHOP axis of the ER stress response. Of note, confocal microscopy showed phosphorylation of PERK in sections of the mutation carrier heart biopsy. ER mislocalization of mCherry-R321X also induced impaired ER Ca<sup>2+</sup> handling, reduced capacitative Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry at the plasma membrane and abnormal nuclear Ca<sup>2+</sup> dynamics. In addition, expression of R321X by itself increased the apoptosis rate. In conclusion, R321X is the first LMNA mutant identified to date, which mislocalizes into the ER affecting cellular homeostasis mechanisms not strictly related to nuclear functions.
Left-Atrial Ablation of AFib During Mitral Valve Surgery (2005)

Nearly half of patients who are referred for mitral valve surgery have continuous atrial fibrillation (AF). Adding a left-atrial radiofrequency (RF)