gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Source isolation measurements in a multi-source coupled system (2017)

An electronic system will commonly have multiple emission (or noise) sources, some of which are correlated while others are un-correlated. Measuring the contribution to a node voltage or branch current by an individual source with high accuracy in such a multi source inter-coupled system is a fundamental problem. The problem is further amplified when the signal processing following the measurements is highly sensitive to the error in the measured parameters. This article describes a filtering method which can isolate the measured parameter (voltage or current) of the contribution of other such sources while preserving the phase and magnitude associated with the source under consideration.
Part 2: The Cluster Headache (1972)

Within the migraine family there is a very distinctive variety of headache. The symptoms are unilateral, abrupt in onset, brief in duration, and appear consistently on the same side. Attacks recur often, usually daily, with remarkable regularity, for a period of one or two months and then subside to return only after an interval of months or years. Because of this distinctive temporal pattern, the descriptive term "cluster headache" suggested by Kunkle et al<sup>1</sup>a number of years ago has gained general recognition and largely displaced previous designations such as histamine cephalgia, ciliary neuralgia, and periodic migrainous cephalgia. <h3>Symptoms</h3> The typical patient with cluster headache seeks medical aid because of a unilateral headache recurring frequently, perhaps daily, which is not relieved by the usual analgesics. The headache begins suddenly and without warning, with a pulling, tugging, or pressing sensation behind one eye. It progresses rapidly within minutes to a
Negotiating the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (2014)

Created as part of the 2014 Jackson School for International Studies SIS 495:Task Force. Philip Wall, Task Force Advisor; Shaun Donnelly, Evaluator; Katherine Garbe and Tucker Hoffman, Editors.
Digital Detection of Oxide Breakdown and Life-Time Extension in Submicron CMOS Technology (2008)

An approach is introduced to extend the lifetime of high-voltage analog circuits in CMOS technologies based on redundancy, like that known for DRAMS. A large power transistor is segmented into N smaller ones in parallel. If a sub-transistor is broken, it is removed automatically from the compound transistor. The principle is demonstrated in an RF CMOS power amplifier (PA) in standard 1.2 V 90 nm CMOS.
Thermally induced deformations in a flip-chip HDI substrate (2002)

At issue was the thermomechanical response of microvias in a high-density interconnect (HDI) substrate. The HDI package containing microvias, blind vias, solder bumps, and line traces was thermally cycled five times between -55 and 125/spl deg/C in a scanning electron microscope. The electron-beam moire technique was used to measure displacements in the package at the temperature extremes and to measure permanent deformations due to the effect of the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the contained materials. Further thermal cycling was conducted over the same temperature range in an environmental chamber, for a total of 34 thermal cycles. The microvias experienced minimal permanent deformation (/spl sim/0.2% compression) after 5 cycles, and no visual deformation in the way of cracks or plasticity during cycling in the environmental chamber. Other areas of the package, however, experienced cracking due to the mismatch in CTE of adjacent materials, and deformation and cracks due to thermal fatigue. Cracks due to CTE mismatch occurred between the polyimide layer and the Si chip. These cracks propagated to and around the solder bumps, between the solder and the polyimide, underfill, and solder mask. Interfacial cracks due to CTE mismatch also appeared between the printed circuit board and the wall of the blind via. Evidence from the moire fringes indicates that these cracks initiated in the first excursion to -55/spl deg/C. After 34 thermal cycles the moire fringes in the solder bumps were convoluted, showing extensive plastic flow. Images from the bases of the solder bumps show classic fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior-void nucleation and coalescence. Failure of the solder bumps, providing stress relief, made continuation of the test to induce deformation in the microvias moot.
Spatiotemporally Synchronized Surface EMG and Ultrasonography Measurement Using a Flexible and Low-Profile EMG Electrode (2021)

The temporally synchronized recording of muscle activity and fascicle dynamics is essential in understanding the neurophysiology of human motor control which could promote developments of effective rehabilitation strategies and assistive technologies. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and ultrasonography provide easy-to-use, low-cost, and noninvasive modalities to assess muscle activity and fascicle dynamics, and have been widely used in both clinical and lab settings. However, due to size of these sensors and limited skin surface area, it is extremely challenging to collect data from a muscle of interest in a spatially as well as temporally synchronized manner. Here, we introduce a low-cost, noninvasive flexible electrode that provides high quality sEMG recording, while also enabling spatiotemporally synchronized ultrasonography recordings. The proposed method was verified by comparing ultrasonography of a phantom and a tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion with and without the electrode acutely placed under an ultrasound probe. Our results show no significant artifact in ultrasonography from both the phantom and TA fascicle strains due to the presence of the electrode, demonstrating the capability of spatiotemporally synchronized sEMG and ultrasonography recording.
Seismic Response of Precast Prestressed Concrete Frames With Partially Debonded Tendons (1993)

The concept of connecting precast concrete frame elements with beam prestressing tendons debonded through the joint, and for some distance on either side of the coluumn, is discussed. It is shown that improved joint shear performance and restoring force characteristics can be expected from this arrangement. Results of dynamic inelastic analyses indicate that for structures with long natural periods, peak displacement response should be similar to that of conventionally prestressed concrete systems, and only slightly larger than systems with elasto-plastic hysteretic characteristics. A numerical design example is provided in an appendix to show how the force-deformation characteristics of precast concrete frame systems utilizing this concept may be calculated.
Stereoregular Polymer (2023)

These recommendations are specifically for polymers and polymer systems showing a significant response to an electromagnetic field or one of its components (electric field or magnetic field), i.e., for electromagnetic-field-responsive polymer materials. The structures, processes, phenomena and quantities relating to this interdisciplinary field of materials science and technology are herein defined. Definitions are unambiguously explained and harmonized for wide acceptance by the chemistry, physics, polymer and materials science communities. A survey of typical electromagnetic-field-responsive polymers is included.
Data from A novel small molecule with potent anticancer activity inhibits cell growth by modulating intracellular labile zinc homeostasis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;ML-133 is a novel small molecule with potent antiproliferative activity, as shown in cancer cell lines and in a human colon tumor xenograft model. ML-133 reduces the concentration of intracellular labile zinc in HT-29 colon cancer cells, leading to induction of the Krüppel-like factor 4 transcription factor. Krüppel-like factor 4 displaces the positive regulator SP1 from the cyclin D1 promoter, thereby negatively regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and promoting the G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-S phase arrest of cell proliferation. The antiproliferative and antitumor activity of ML-133 described in the present study suggests modulation of intracellular zinc homeostasis as a potential strategy for the treatment of several cancer types, and ML-133 represents a promising new class of antitumor agents that deserves further development. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(9):2586–96]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
MRI Features of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Within 2 Hours From Symptom Onset (1999)

MRI is able to detect hyperacute ICH and show a pattern of evolution of the hematoma within 2 hours from the onset of symptoms.
Contra la posibilidad de creer a voluntad (2008)

En su conocido articulo ‘The Will to Believe’,2 William James defendia que no es necesario tener una evidencia completa para poder creer de manera justificada. Sino que, en determinados casos, en los que la evidencia deja espacio para diferentes creencias, son nuestras «pasiones» (esto es, nuestros temores, esperanzas y deseos) las que nos mueven a decidirnos por una de las opciones en liza. Ademas, en este tipo de casos lo que hacemos es decidir creer, esto es, adoptamos voluntariamente como creencia propia una de las opciones disponibles. El articulo de James estuvo principalmente motivado por su rechazo de las tesis evidencialistas defendidas por William K. Clifford.3 El evidentialismo en epistemologia es la tesis de que los individuos no deben creer (i) ni contrariamente (ii) ni mas de lo que su evidencia actual les permite creer. Obviamente, James no se opone al requisito (i), de que no podemos creer en contra de la evidencia, pero si al requisito (ii), esto es, a que no podamos creer justificadamente mas que lo que nuestra evidencia estrictamente nos autoriza a creer. En este trabajo, arguire en contra de la tesis de James, entendida como una forma de voluntarismo doxastico, es decir, de la doctrina que mantiene que podemos decidir creer de manera voluntaria y directa. No obstante, no estoy seguro de que esta interpretacion de la tesis de James sea la unica posible, ni la mas plausible. Puede que lo que James quiso defender es que, de hecho, nuestras pasiones influyen en nuestras creencias. Pero, en este caso, estariamos ante la tesis trivial de que nuestras esperanzas y deseos influyen en la formacion de nuestras creencias –influencia, en todo caso, indirecta.4 Pero no nos precipitemos. En las dos secciones que siguen, presentare la tesis de James con mas detalle y describire sus propios ejemplos de posibles casos de creencia voluntaria, que clasificare en tipos. Posteriormente, tratare de articular mi interpretacion alternativa de este tipo de casos.5 Δαίμων. Revista de Filosofia, suplemento 2, 2008, 199-209
<p>Short Communication: Fructose-Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Self-Assembled Nano-Peptide Amphiphiles for Treating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria</p> (2020)

We demonstrated here that SANPAs-like nanomaterials have a promising potential to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially when added to fructose, potentially limiting their associated infections.
Epidermal expression of transforming growth factor‐α in transgenic mice: Induction of spontaneous and 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced papillomas via a mechanism independent of Ha‐ras activation or overexpression (1994)

To assess the requirements for papilloma formation in transgenic mice that overexpress transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the epidermis (HK1.TGF alpha), we tested the sensitivity of HK1.TGF alpha mice to tumor promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and analyzed the resultant papillomas for synergic c-Ha-ras activation and overexpression. We observed that HK1.TGF alpha mice were highly sensitive to TPA promotion, exhibiting multiple papillomas as early as the third week of treatment. After 60 wk of promotion, malignant conversion was not observed and tumors regressed upon removal of the TPA promotion stimulus. Most of the TPA-induced papillomas did not have detectable c-Ha-ras mutations at codons 12, 13, or 61, but three papillomas arising after long-term TPA promotion (5-7 mo) exhibited c-Ha-ras activation at codon 61 (A-->T and A-->G). Conversely, spontaneous papillomas arising without TPA promotion, including persisting autonomous papillomas, were all negative for activating c-Ha-ras mutations. Both spontaneous and TPA-induced HK1.TGF alpha papillomas expressed c-Ha-ras message levels similar to those in normal, nontransgenic epidermis or HK1.TGF alpha hyperplastic epidermis. These data demonstrate that TGF-alpha overexpression can be an initiating event for TPA promotion, that papillomatogenesis in HK1.TGF alpha mice proceeds frequently via a pathway independent of Ha-ras activation or overexpression, and, thus, that other events are required for autonomous growth and malignant conversion.
A New Methodology for Erosion Prediction Using Eulerian-Eulerian CFD Models (2015)

The erosion of a surface caused by the impact of solid particles dragged by a fluid is a serious concern in the oil&amp;gas industry. At present, the erosion prediction is performed using algebraic erosion models which express the volume of eroded material per impact as a function of the mass of the abrasive particles as well as of fluid dynamic parameters (such as the impact velocity and the impact angle of the eroding particle) and properties of the materials involved in the process. The fluid dynamic parameters are, in turn, evaluated using Eulerian-Lagrangian CFD models which interpret the fluid phase as a continuous mean and follow the trajectories of all the particles. However, the huge computational burden makes it difficult, or even precludes, to adopt this approach in many flows of engineering interest. An innovative methodology is proposed for estimating the parameters required as input by the erosion models using computationally cheaper Eulerian-Eulerian CFD models which solve for the average properties of the ensamble of particles. The good results obtained when predicting the erosion caused the by impingement of an abrasive jet against a surface make the application of this methodology to more complex flows very promising.
Quantum transport beyond DC (2014)

In this chapter we give a flavor of quantum transport beyond DC conditions, when time-dependent potentials are applied to a device. Our main focus is on Floquet theory, one of the most useful approaches for driven systems. Section 6.4 is devoted to an overview of some of the most recent advances on driven transport in graphene-related materials, while Section 6.5 presents an illustrative application to laser-illuminated graphene.
<title>Video segmentation and classification for content-based storage and retrieval using motion vectors</title> (1998)

Video parsing is an important step in content-based indexing techniques, where the input video is decomposed into segments with uniform content. In video parsing detection of scene changes is one of the approaches widely used for extracting key frames from the video sequence. In this paper, an algorithm, based on motion vectors, is proposed to detect sudden scene changes and gradual scene changes (camera movements such as panning, tilting and zooming). Unlike some of the existing schemes, the proposed scheme is capable of detecting both sudden and gradual changes in uncompressed, as well as, compressed domain video. It is shown that the resultant motion vector can be used to identify and classify gradual changes due to camera movements. Results show that algorithm performed as well as the histogram-based schemes, with uncompressed video. The performance of the algorithm was also investigated with H.263 compressed video. The detection and classification of both sudden and gradual scene changes was successfully demonstrated.
Curvature-driven capillary migration and assembly of rod-like particles (2011)

Capillarity can be used to direct anisotropic colloidal particles to precise locations and to orient them by using interface curvature as an applied field. We show this in experiments in which the shape of the interface is molded by pinning to vertical pillars of different cross-sections. These interfaces present well-defined curvature fields that orient and steer particles along complex trajectories. Trajectories and orientations are predicted by a theoretical model in which capillary forces and torques are related to Gaussian curvature gradients and angular deviations from principal directions of curvature. Interface curvature diverges near sharp boundaries, similar to an electric field near a pointed conductor. We exploit this feature to induce migration and assembly at preferred locations, and to create complex structures. We also report a repulsive interaction, in which microparticles move away from planar bounding walls along curvature gradient contours. These phenomena should be widely useful in the directed assembly of micro- and nanoparticles with potential application in the fabrication of materials with tunable mechanical or electronic properties, in emulsion production, and in encapsulation.
Epithelial Responses to Lung Injury: Role of the Extracellular Matrix (2012)

The key role of extracellular matrices in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) biology is highlighted by the phenotypes of primary AECs cultured on a soft laminin gel contrasted with that on a stiff, fibronectin matrix. On laminin, AECs maintain an epithelial phenotype, and progenitor cells within this population proliferate. In contrast, on fibronectin, AECs rapidly lose surfactant expression and spread extensively, changes that depend on activation of latent TGF-β1 by engagement of fibronectin-binding integrins. The progenitor subpopulation responding to TGF-β1 undergoes epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although it remains uncertain to what degree EMT contributes directly to collagen 1 production, signaling pathways critical to EMT are important for repair and fibrosis, implying that EMT is part of the general program of lung repair. EMT reprogramming requires not only Smad signaling but also pY654-β-catenin. Generation of pY654-β-catenin requires assembly of complexes of the integrin α3β1, E-cadherin, and TGF-β1 receptors, and such assembly is a function of cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. Sequestration of α3β1 or E-cadherin in such contacts prevents complex assembly, TGF-β1 induced pY654-β-catenin generation and EMT. Disruption of these contacts is a signal for the cells to initiate repair. Critical remaining questions center around better definition of direct versus indirect effects of EMT on collagen deposition and the nature of AEC progenitors differentiating during fibrogenesis. Elucidation of specific inhibitors of EMT should further test the question of whether the process is important to fibrosis in vivo and a viable therapeutic target.
Immune Modulation in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Trials (2017)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Though many molecular and genetic causes are thought to serve as predisposing or disease propagating factors, the underlying pathogenesis of the disease is not known. Recent discoveries have demonstrated the presence of inflammation propagating substrates in the central nervous system of patients afflicted with ALS. Over the past decade, this hypothesis has incited an effort to better understand the role of the immune system in ALS and has led to the trial of several potential immune-modulating therapies. Here, we briefly review advances in the role of such therapies. The clinical trials discussed here are currently ongoing or have been concluded at the time of writing.
DSL spectrum management - the UK approach (2004)

The fundamental assumptions on which spectrum management in the UK was built were agreed during debates in the regulatory forum: the DSL Task Group responsible for advising OF TEL through the Network Interoperability Consultative Committee about technical issues associated with local loop unbundling in the UK. The agreements were made during discussions in early 2000.
Age-class structure of old growth ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir stands and its relationship to fire history / (1995)

Trees on nine 100 by 100 m plots in old growth pon- derosa pine/Douglas-fir stands in western Montana were aged and mapped. Fire history since the early 1600's was determined for each plot fi'om fire scar cross-sections. Six of seven sample plots on the Bit- terroot and Lolo National Forests had a nearly all- aged structure among the overstory ponderosa pine; trees commonly ranged up to 500 years of age. TTiese plots were on steep slopes, and prior to 1900 had ex- perienced nonlethal underbums at mean intervals of 13 to 50 years.
Progranulin is Neurotrophic In Vivo and Protects against a Mutant TDP-43 Induced Axonopathy (2010)

Mislocalization, aberrant processing and aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is found in the neurons affected by two related diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD). These TDP-43 abnormalities are seen when TDP-43 is mutated, such as in familial ALS, but also in FTLD, caused by null mutations in the progranulin gene. They are also found in many patients with sporadic ALS and FTLD, conditions in which only wild type TDP-43 is present. The common pathological hallmarks and symptomatic cross over between the two diseases suggest that TDP-43 and progranulin may be mechanistically linked. In this study we aimed to address this link by establishing whether overexpression of mutant TDP-43 or knock-down of progranulin in zebrafish embryos results in motor neuron phenotypes and whether human progranulin is neuroprotective against such phenotypes. Mutant TDP-43 (A315T mutation) induced a motor axonopathy characterized by short axonal outgrowth and aberrant branching, similar, but more severe, than that induced by mutant SOD1. Knockdown of the two zebrafish progranulin genes, grna and grnb, produced a substantial decrease in axonal length, with knockdown of grna alone producing a greater decrease in axonal length than grnb. Progranulin overexpression rescued the axonopathy induced by progranulin knockdown. Interestingly, progranulin also rescued the mutant TDP-43 induced axonopathy, whilst it failed to affect the mutant SOD1-induced phenotype. TDP-43 was found to be nuclear in all conditions described. The findings described here demonstrate that progranulin is neuroprotective in vivo and may have therapeutic potential for at least some forms of motor neuron degeneration.
Structure of the Bordetella trematum LPS O‐chain subunit (2004)

Analysis of the O-chain subunit of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) isolated from Bordetella trematum, a recently identified human pathogen, was undertaken. The polysaccharide (PS) moiety was shown to contain only two O-chain subunits, which differed in the anomeric bond of their first sugar. A trisaccharide fragment resulting from the cleavage of a FucNAc glycosidic bond was isolated after treatment of the PS with anhydrous HF. Nitrous deamination of the LPS led to the release of the following heptasaccharide corresponding to two trisaccharide subunits linked to an anhydromannitol residue. beta-ManNAc3NAmA-(1-4)-beta-ManNAc3NAmA-(1-3)-alpha-FucNAc-(1-4)-beta-ManNAc3NAmA-(1-4)-beta-ManNAc3NAmA-(1-3)-beta-FucNAc-(1-6)-2,5-anhManol.