gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Molecular Composition on Development of Porosity in Pitch-based Activated Carbon Fibers (2010)

Introduction Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) are attractive materials for adsorption and desorption applications due to their highly porous structure. Their uniform shape and small diameter allows for more uniform pore size distribution, making them suitable materials for specific applications such as hydrogen and methane storage. Petroleum pitches are among the common precursors used for ACF production. Previous studies have shown that the precursor used to prepare the ACFs has an important effect on both fiber preparation process and the final pore structure of the fibers [1-3]. In order to investigate the effect of molecular composition more systematically, fractions of commercially available petroleum pitch M-50 by Marathon Oil Company with carefully controlled compositions and varying degree of anisotropy were used to prepare ACFs and effects of composition on carbonization and activation behavior of the fibers and the final pore structure were investigated.
Ultrasonographic measurement of crown‐rump length in high‐order multifetal pregnancies (1998)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the crown-rump length (CRL) in high-order multifetal pregnancies (three or more fetuses). The records of patients who underwent multifetal pregnancy reduction were reviewed. The following parameters were defined: the mean CRL (CRLMEAN) and the difference between the largest and smallest CRL (CRLRANGE) for each pregnancy. CRLMEAN was plotted versus gestational age (GA) and the line of best fit was derived. The residual for each CRL (CRLRES) was calculated by subtracting the value predicted by the regression line from the individual CRL (CRLIND). Regression lines for single-tons with confirmed GA from four previously reported studies were used for comparison. A total of 82 patients were included (29 triplets, 38 quadruplets and 15 quintuplets; mean GA 10.7 +/- 0.78 weeks). CRLMEAN correlated with GA (CRLMEAN = 38.88 - 8.78(GA) + 0.82(GA)2; R = 0.83; R2 = 0.70). This second-degree polynomial remained within the range for singletons. No significant differences in maternal age, GA and CRLMEAN were noted between the patients with different numbers of fetuses. The median CRLRANGE was largest in quintuplets, followed by quadruplets and triplets. The CRLRANGE correlated poorly with GA. The mean CRL in multifetal pregnancies increases with GA similarly to that in singletons. The variability of individual measurements increases with the number of fetuses and CRLs are lower in quintuplets.
Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Therapy (2009)

Asthma is a chronic disorder causing inflammation and reversible airway obstruction that affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide. The incidence of asthma has nearly doubled in the past three decades resulting in higher rates of morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Despite the availability of several classes of asthma medications such as beta-agonists, leukotriene modifiers and corticosteroids, up to 50% of asthmatics do not benefit from one or more of these drugs. Studies have shown that asthma and drug response phenotypes such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) are heritable traits, indicating a genetic component of variable response to asthma drugs. This review summarizes the findings of pharmacogenetic investigations on the three main classes of asthma medications. In addition, the limitations of these genetic studies are discussed and future research avenues are proposed to identify novel genetic factors. Although numerous genes have been associated with variable response to common asthma drugs, results are often contradictory across different studies, and remain to be confirmed in larger replication cohorts. Nevertheless, literature in asthma pharmacogenetics demonstrates that genetic variants influence response to asthma treatments and may be used for predictive testing prior to drug administration to avoid adverse reactions and increase drug efficacy.
Myocardial fibrosis after adrenergic stimulation as a long-term sequela in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease vasculitis (2019)

Kawasaki disease (KD), the leading cause of acquired cardiac disease among children, is often associated with myocarditis that may lead to long-term myocardial dysfunction and fibrosis. Although those myocardial changes develop during the acute phase, they may persist for decades and closely correlate with long-term myocardial sequelae. Using the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced (LCWE-induced) KD vasculitis murine model, we investigated long-term cardiovascular sequelae, such as myocardial dysfunction, fibrosis, and coronary microvascular lesions following adrenergic stimuli after established KD vasculitis. We found that adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol following LCWE-induced KD vasculitis in mice was associated with increased risk of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, diminished ejection fraction, and increased serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide. Myocardial fibrosis resulting from pharmacologic-induced exercise after KD development was IL-1 signaling dependent and was associated with a significant reduction in myocardial capillary CD31 expression, indicative of a rarefied myocardial capillary bed. These observations suggest that adrenergic stimulation after KD vasculitis may lead to cardiac hypertrophy and bridging fibrosis in the myocardium in the LCWE-induced KD vasculitis mouse model and that this process involves IL-1 signaling and diminished microvascular circulation in the myocardium.
Beyond the Rigid-Ion Approximation with Spherically Symmetric Ions (1985)

Ab initio calculations show that a spherically symmetric charge relaxation of ions in a crystal, in response to the long-range electrostatic potential, is important for understanding the splitting between longitudinal- and transverse-optic-mode frequencies, and the violation of the Cauchy relations among elastic constants.
Detection of prostate specific transcripts in the peripheral blood during brachytherapy predicts postoperative PSA kinetics (2009)

Our short-term results suggest that detection of PSA and hK2 transcripts in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients during brachytherapy could serve as a predictor of biochemical outcome.
Rate control in video coding by adaptive mode selection (2002)

This paper presents an effective rate control algorithm by adaptively selecting the optimal modes for macroblocks in a block based video codec. For a given frame, the optimal modes are selected based on a decision curve that minimizes the overall distortion for a given bit rate. The proposed approach is different from the previous ones (1993, 1996) in that it does not manipulate quantizer to meet target bit rate. Instead it controls the decision curve to meet that target bit rate. The curve is obtained by utilizing simulated annealing optimization technique. The algorithm is implemented within H.261 video codec and simulation results are compared with other approaches.
Efficient and versatile mechanochromic luminescence of phenanthroimidazolylbenzothiadiazoles: tricolor switching and directional control over the chromism (2019)

Red- and blue-shifted mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) and single-particle level observation of tricolor MCL of phenanthroimidazolylbenzothiadiazoles are described.
Minimizing projection artifacts for accurate presentation of choroidal neovascularization in OCT micro-angiography (2015)

Current optical coherence tomography (OCT) based micro-angiography is prone to a projection (or tailing) effect due to the high scattering property of blood within overlying patent vessels, creating artifacts that interfere with the interpretation of retinal angiographic results. In this work, the projection effect in OCT micro-angiography is examined and its causality is explained by strong light scattering and photon propagation within blood. A simple practical approach is then introduced to minimize these artifacts presented in the outer retinal avascular space, especially useful for examining clinical cases with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Demonstrated through in-vivo human posterior eye imaging of healthy and CNV subjects, the proposed method is shown effective to eliminate the projection artifacts in outer retinal space of OCT micro-angiography, resulting in better visualization of the pathological neovascularization when compared with the current common approaches. In addition, it is also shown that the proposed method is applicable to minimize the projection artifacts appearing in deep retinal layers.
Cerebral Cortex Ammonia and Glutamine Metabolism During Liver Insufficiency‐Induced Hyperammonemia in the Rat (1992)

Hyperammonemia has been suggested to induce enhanced cerebral cortex ammonia uptake, subsequent glutamine synthesis and accumulation, and finally net glutamine release into the blood stream, but this has never been confirmed in liver insufficiency models. Therefore, cerebral cortex ammonia- and glutamine-related metabolism was studied during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia by measuring plasma flow and venous-arterial concentration differences of ammonia and amino acids across the cerebral cortex (enabling estimation of net metabolite exchange), 1 day after portacaval shunting and 2, 4, and 6 h after hepatic artery ligation (or in controls). The intra-organ effects were investigated by measuring cerebral cortex tissue ammonia and amino acids 6 h after liver ischemia induction or in controls. Arterial ammonia and glutamine increased in portacaval-shunted rats versus controls, and further increased during liver ischemia. Cerebral cortex net ammonia uptake, observed in portacaval-shunted rats, increased progressively during liver ischemia, but net glutamine release was only observed after 6 h of liver ischemia. Cerebral cortex tissue glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, most other amino acids, and ammonia levels were increased during liver ischemia. Glutamate was equally decreased in portacaval-shunted and liver-ischemia rats. The observed net cerebral cortex ammonia uptake, cerebral cortex tissue ammonia and glutamine accumulation, and finally glutamine release into the blood suggest that the rat cerebral cortex initially contributes to net ammonia removal from the blood during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia by augmenting tissue glutamine and ammonia pools, and later by net glutamine release into the blood. The changes in cerebral cortex glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid could be related to altered ammonia metabolism.
Nanosized and large crystals of hexagonal boron nitride by SHS under high pressures of nitrogen gas (2009)

Nanocrystalline powder of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was prepared by SHS reaction of boron powder with nitrogen gas under pressures up to 150 MPa. At higher nitrogen pressures (up to 1000–2000 MPa), the reaction products were found to contain melted h-BN.
Functionalized Alkali Metal Cyclopentadienides: Structural and Chemical Features (2007)

Synthetic routes to alkali metal cyclopentadienides that bear various organic functional groups on their five-membered carbocyclic ring systems are presented and discussed using selected examples. These include carbonyl addition reactions of cyclopentadienides to, for example, alkyl isocyanates to eventually yield carboxamide-substituted cyclopentadienide systems. These and related routes have been used to, for example, prepare peptide-substituted Cp anions. Fulvene routes are very useful for the synthesis of alkenylcyclopentadienides, of imino-Cp compounds, of aminomethyl- or phosphinomethyl-Cp derivatives, and even their respective dianionic analogues. Many of the new functionalized lithium cyclopentadienide examples were structurally characterized. Many of them form well-defined extended oligomeric structures that make specific use of the functional groups in the construction of the supramolecular complex framework. Eventually, first examples of specific carbon−carbon coupling reactions are presented and discussed that take place at the active lithium cyclopentadienide stage, which may lead to the development of a selective functional group chemistry at the alkali metal cyclopentadienides.
Understanding link-layer behavior in highly congested IEEE 802.11b wireless networks (2005)

The growing deployment and concomitant rise in wireless network usage necessitates the comprehensive understanding of its behavior. More importantly, as networks grow in size and number of users, congestion in the wireless portion of the network is likely to increase. We believe there is a strong need to understand the intricacies of the wireless portion of a congested network by interpreting information collected from the network. Congestion in a wireless network can be best analyzed by studying the transmission of frames at the link layer. To this end, we use vicinity sniffing techniques to analyze the link layer in an operational IEEE 802.11b wireless network. In this paper, we discuss how congestion in a network can be estimated using point-to-point link reliability. We then show how link reliability is correlated with the behavior of link-layer properties such as frame retransmissions, frame sizes, and data rates. Based on the results from these correlations, our hypothesis is that the performance of the link layer in congested networks can be improved by (1) sending smaller frames, and/or (2) using higher data rates with a fewer number of frames sent.
Does massively parallel DNA resequencing signify the end of histopathology as we know it? (2009)

Next-generation DNA sequencing devices have revolutionized cancer genomics by bringing whole genome resequencing of patients' tumours within practical and economic reach. We present an overview of the techniques involved and review early results from the resequencing of cancer genomes. The possible impacts of whole-genome and trancriptome resequencing in clinical cancer research and the practice of pathology are discussed.
The Gamma Function (1996)

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Earth‐Abundant Tin Sulfide‐Based Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production (2017)

Tin-based chalcogenide semiconductors, though attractive materials for photovoltaics, have to date exhibited poor performance and stability for photoelectrochemical applications. Here, a novel strategy is reported to improve performance and stability of tin monosulfide (SnS) nanoplatelet thin films for H<sub>2</sub> production in acidic media without any use of sacrificial reagent. P-type SnS nanoplatelet films are coated with the <i>n</i>-CdS buffer layer and the TiO<sub>2</sub> passivation layer to form type II heterojunction photocathodes. These photocathodes with subsequent deposition of Pt nanoparticles generate a photovoltage of 300 mV and a photocurrent density of 2.4 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for water splitting under simulated visible-light illumination (λ > 500 nm, <i>P</i><sub>in</sub> = 80 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>). The incident photon-to-current efficiency at 0 V versus RHE for H<sub>2</sub> production reach a maximum of 12.7% at 575 nm with internal quantum efficiency of 13.8%. The faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution remains close to unity after 6000 s of illumination, confirming the robustness of the heterojunction for solar H<sub>2</sub> production.
Modeling and Analysis Techniques for Multimodal Utility Networks (2015)

In the last years there has been a growing interest in the area of city infrastructures research, driven by the goal of reducing continuous energy usage without affecting standards of living. The more alternative energy sources and energy conversion technologies (such as solar, wind, hydroelectric power or fuel cells) are being utilized, the more dependent become utilities one from another and the more they interact and exchange resources. For instance, renewable energy is typically intermittent and it is often required to convert it into other utilities or store it for further use. Another example of interdependencies of utilities is cogeneration – production of several utilities from a single fuel. Therefore it is often necessary to maintain utility networks taking into account its interconnections with the other utility networks. In this paper we focus on the city infrastructure networks that supply buildings with utilities such as electricity or heating and consider them jointly for the analysis of interdependencies between them. A graph-based approach to represent utility networks and their interconnections is suggested. We propose different applications of a graph-theoretical model that captures not only topological structure of the city networks, but also its physical properties. Further, we propose that such graph models can be used not only in vulnerability analysis where similar graphs have been used until now, but also for other purposes, such as condition monitoring of the network or optimization control.
The Chemical Identification of Radioisotopes of Neodymium and of Element 611 (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemical Identification of Radioisotopes of Neodymium and of Element 611J. A. Marinsky, L. E. Glendenin, and C. D. CoryellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2781–2785Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Speed Observation of Ultra high-Speed Cavitating Submerged Water Jets. (1993)

This paper aims to clarify peculiar phenomena arising around a ultra high-speed submerged water jet accompanied by very severe cavitation. By means of a flow visualization technique with a xenon flash light, three kinds of water jets are carefully observed, and the spatial distributions of cavitation-pressure pulses around the jets are also measured with pressure-sensitive film. The effects of the working pressure and the shape of nozzles are clarified systematically. Thus, the characteristics and the structures of ultra high-speed cavitating submerged water jets are clearly shown.
Broad-Band N∧N Pt(II) Bisacetylide Visible Light Harvesting Complex with Heteroleptic Bodipy Acetylide Ligands (2015)

Pt(II) dbbpy bisacetylide (dbbpy = 4,4'-di(tert-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) complex (Pt-1) with two different Bodipy ligands was prepared with the goal to attain broad-band visible light absorbing, efficient funneling of the photoexcitation energy (via resonance energy transfer, RET) to the energy acceptor and high triplet formation quantum yields. Construction of the above-mentioned molecular structural motif is challenging because two different arylacetylide ligands are incorporated in the complex; normally two homoleptic acetylide ligands were used for this kind of N(∧)N Pt(II) complexes. A reference complex with trans bis(tributylphosphine) Pt(II) bisacetylide protocol (Pt-4) was prepared for comparison of the photophysical properties. The two different Bodipy ligands in Pt-1 and Pt-4 constitute singlet/triplet energy donor/acceptor, as a result the harvested photoexcitation energy can be funneled to the triplet state confined on one of the two Bodipy ligands. The photophysical properties of the complexes were studied with steady state UV-vis absorption and luminescence spectroscopies, femto- and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, as well as DFT/TDDFT calculations. Fluorescence/phosphorescence dual emission were observed for the complex. The ultrafast intramolecular singlet/triplet energy transfer in Pt-1 was confirmed by the transient absorption spectroscopy (kFRET = 2.6 × 10(11) s(-1), ΦFRET = 87.1%) followed by an intersystem crossing (kISC = 1.9 × 10(10) s(-1)), and the triplet state lifetime (τT) is 54.1 μs. The reference complex Pt-4 shows drastically different kinetics with kFRET = 6.9 × 10(10) s(-1), ΦFRET = 81.0%, kISC = 5.83 × 10(9) s(-1), and τT = 147.9 μs. Different singlet oxygen ((1)O2) quantum yields (ΦΔ = 75% and 70%) and triplet state quantum yields (ΦT = 91% and 69%, respectively) were observed for complexes Pt-1 and Pt-4.
Advocating for view and daylight in buildings: Next steps (2022)

With the exponential growth in population and commensurate increased density in urban cities, access to daylight and views to nature is being severely curtailed in buildings. In parallel, increasingly urgent demands to sharply reduce building energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions are being made to mitigate climate change. There are many challenges and performance tradeoffs associated with the building facade (i.e., daylight and view versus solar and glare control); increased prioritization of health and well-being as a fundamental human requirement could adversely affect building energy-efficiency. Given the current state of knowledge on the effects of daylight and view on health and well-being in buildings, we identify critical needs in research, tools and technologies that if satisfied may enable more effective use of daylight and view in buildings within the constraints of climate change. Lack of knowledge regarding the complex causal mechanisms of window views on human factors is a severely limiting factor in forward progress. Current models and methods to derive bidirectional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) will need to be modified. Developers of energy-efficient window technologies will need more guidance to shape product development. Advanced window technologies and integrated design can enable attainment of both health and well-being and net zero energy goals, but considerable work will be needed to make such options turnkey and broadly available.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,10‐ and 13,14‐Secosteroids (2011)

Abstract Review: 29 refs.