gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological assessment of maxillofacial fractures in inhibitants of Lower Silesia, Poland, in 2002–2006 – Treatment of maxillofacial fracture (2015)

Introduction and objective. Epidemiological assessment of maxillofacial fractures carried out by a given specialized centre may constitute valuable material for comparison with other regions of Poland and the European Union. This material could help standardize the present methods of treating craniofacial skeleton dislocations, and plan appropriate financial resources both for specialized treatment of such fractures and fractures that require multidisciplinary care. Moreover, the frequency of complicated maxillofacial fractures leading to residual disability and circumstances in which fracture occurred may be useful for the Social Security authorities. Materials and methods. This study is a continuation of research on maxillofacial traumatology carried by the Maxillofacial Department of the Medical University in Wrocaw, Lower Silesia. Since 1956, a statistical review of maxillofacial fractures has been kept in 5 or 10-year periods. Statistical analysis of this kind is useful in indentifying the frequency of the phenomenon, taking suitable treatment precautions, verifying treatment methods, and analyzing costs and losses incurred as a result of absence at work. Sociological aspect of such studies includes indicating sources of socially adverse phenomena, i.e. violence or alcohol abuse. The studies were based on clinical documentation of 937 patients, where dependencies between chosen parameters were identified. As a basic statistical analysis of variable interdependence the 2 test of independence was applied. Conclusions. Lately, there have been more maxillofacial fractures resulting from civilization changes. Simultaneously, there are new treatment methods and significant progress has been made regarding materials that are used in these treatments.
Creating a vDSO: the colonel's other chicken (2011)

Creating a vDSO is surprsingly simple, but making it useful for sharing data between the kernel and user memory can be rather involved.
Abstract 4322: Ligand-directed therapy and molecular imaging in a mouse model of androgen-independent osteogenic prostate cancer (2010)

Abstract In working towards a theranostic approach in human prostate cancer, we have used in vivo phage display in a unique animal model of androgen-independent human osteoblastic bone metastases (animal model described by Li et al. J. Clin. Invest. 2008 Aug;118(8):2697-710) to uncover accessible targets and peptide ligands for molecular imaging and treatment. This unbiased combinatorial screening identified a peptide targeting Glucose-regulated Protein 78kDa (GRP78), a protein previously implicated in human cancer, including prostate cancer. By using a hybrid gene delivery vehicle consisting of phage capsid-proteins and AAV genomic elements (AAVP) we have successfully expressed thymidine kinase protein from Herpes Simplex Virus (HSVtk) for a gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) approach. In combination with 18FEAU as an imaging probe, the expression of this protein was monitored by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). After expression was confirmed, treatment with the prodrug gancyclovir was used to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. In a second approach, this ligand-receptor system was used to specifically and efficiently deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro and in vivo. Both approaches clearly show that the newly identified peptide targeting GRP78 can be considered for targeted drug development against human metastatic androgen-independent osteogenic prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4322.
Littoral remote sensing using polarimetric SAR (2002)

Polarimetric SAR has been successfully applied for, terrain and land-use classification, soil moisture and biomass measurements, and many other areas of remote sensing. However, its application to ocean and coastal areas has not been developed. This paper describes several remote-sensing applications for the littoral zone using polarimetric SAR. SIR-C L- and C-band and JPL AIRSAR images are used for illustration.
Organisation des voies nerveuses enképhalinergiques extrinsèques et intrinsèques, impliquées dans la commande motrice du tractus digestif (1994)

Le but du present travail a ete d'etudier le role des enkephalines (peptides opioides) dans le controle nerveux de la motricite digestive au moyen de techniques immunohistochimiques et radioimmunologiques. Nos resultats montrent que le contingent preganglionnaire thoracique joue un role important dans l'innervation enkephalinergique du plexus coeliaque mais aussi du ganglion mesenterique inferieur et de la region antro-pyloro-duodenal. Pour la premiere fois, il est permis d'envisager une origine extrinseque dans l'innervation enkephalinergique du tractus digestif puisque une partie des neurones enkephalinergiques du glanglion mesenterique inferieur projette vers le colon distal. L'innervation enkephalinergique du tractus digestif n'est pas regulierement repartie: elle concerne surtout les plexus myenteriques et la couche musculaire circulaire profonde de toutes les regions; avec des densites variables en fonction de ces regions; par contre une riche innervation de nature enkephalinergique de la musculeuse longitudinale existe seulement au niveau du pylore et du colon distal. Enfin les etudes biochimiques des contenus enkephalinergiques revelent des differences d'especes importantes; ainsi le gradient detecte chez le chat et le cobaye, avec un maximum dans la region pyloro-duodenale n'existe pas chez le rat. L'analyse du rapport des contenus enkephalinergiques revele des differences dans les etapes de maturation et/ou de degradation des precurseurs des enkephalines selon les especes, les tissus et les conditions experimentales
Subsyndromal delirium compared with delirium, dementia, and subjects without delirium or dementia in elderly general hospital admissions and nursing home residents (2016)

SSD shared characteristic core domain symptoms with delirium, which distinguished each from nondelirium groups, although severity was intermediate in the subsyndromal group. Delirium core symptoms overshadowed the dementia phenotype when comorbid. Milder disturbances of delirium core domain symptoms are highly suggestive of SSD.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: the Oxford coronavirus explanations, attitudes, and narratives survey (Oceans) II (2020)

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is relatively evenly spread across the population. Willingness to take a vaccine is closely bound to recognition of the collective importance. Vaccine public information that highlights prosocial benefits may be especially effective. Factors such as conspiracy beliefs that foster mistrust and erode social cohesion will lower vaccine up-take.
The Digital-HD study: Smartphone-Based Remote Testing to Assess Cognitive and Motor Symptoms in Huntington’s Disease (1816) (2020)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of smartphone-based remote testing to meaningfully quantify signs, symptoms and impairments among participants with premanifest Huntington’s disease (HD) and manifest HD and compare them with healthy controls (HC).
An Integrative Adapt Therapy for common mental health symptoms and adaptive stress amongst Rohingya, Chin, and Kachin refugees living in Malaysia: A randomized controlled trial (2020)

The study is registered under Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (http://www.anzctr.org.au/). The trial registration number is: ACTRN12617001452381.
Far-field control of focusing plasmonic waves through disordered nanoholes (2014)

Control of near-field waves is the key to going beyond the diffraction limit in imaging and manipulating target objects. Here we present the focusing of plasmonic waves, a type of near-field waves, by the wavefront shaping of far-field waves. We coupled far-field waves to a random array of holes on a thin gold film to generate speckled plasmonic waves. By controlling the phase pattern of the incident waves with the wavelength of 637 nm, we demonstrated the focusing of plasmonic waves down to 170 nm at arbitrary positions. Our study shows the possibility of using disordered nanoholes as a plasmonic lens with high flexibility in the far-field control.
Official Agency Funding of NGOs in Seven Countries: Mechanisms, Trends and Implications (2006)

The mechanisms by which governments distribute official development assistance (ODA) to domestic non-governmental organisations (NGOs) through their official agencies (e.g. the UK Department for International Development [DFID] and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency [Sida]) are continually changing. These changes and the ways in which this funding is distributed to NGOs can have a variety of implications for NGOs, not only in terms of the amounts and sources of their income, but also on the ways in which they operate. The influence of such factors can extend far beyond simple reporting requirements, to even act upon the ways in which NGOs conceptualise and plan their work; for example, whether they work on a project or programmatic basis. This paper charts and analyses the mechanisms by which the official agencies of seven
Concentrated ion beam emitted from an enlarged cylindrical-anode-layer Hall plasma accelerator and mechanism (2013)

An enlarged cylindrical-anode-layer Hall plasma accelerator with an outlet diameter of 150 mm is experimentally demonstrated to produce a concentrated ion beam, especially at a high discharge voltage, with a high current utilization efficiency of up to ∼0.9. Numerical investigation based on the three-dimensional particle-in-cell method is performed to study the ion dynamics and elucidate the origin of the ion beam characteristics. The simulation results reveal that the equipotential lines play an important role in the surface near the anode emitting the ions. The ion emitting surface is determined by the magnetic field lines near the anode and the magnetic mirror contributes to the concentrated beam significantly. The high current utilization efficiency results from the appropriate obliquity of the magnetic mirror.
Design and performance of a new type of Knudsen cell for chemical beam epitaxy using metal-organic precursors (1997)

A chemical beam epitaxy system (CBE) with a new type of Knudsen cell was constructed to deposit LiTaO3 films by the thermal decomposition of a double metal alkoxide precursor. The Knudsen cell facilitates molecular flow of the precursor to the substrate surface. It permits the use of metal-organic precursors of low volatility, and isolates the precursor from atmospheric moisture. The Knudsen cell is demonstrated to serve as a molecular flux source at controllable rates. The spatial distribution of the flux was measured and compared with Clausing's far field model and Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement is seen between the measured intensity of the spatial flux distribution and the Monte Carlo simulation; however, the FWHM of the spatial distribution is much greater than that predicted by the far field model. The wider distribution and its Gaussian, rather than Cauchy, shape indicate that the Knudsen cell acts as an extended rather than a point source. This new Knudsen cell should be useful in the CVD growth of ferroelectric and superconductor thin films from low volatility, moisture sensitive precursors.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy: is systole all that matters? (2010)

N/A
Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) Controls Morphine Reward by Glutamate Receptor Activation in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mouse Brain. (2018)

Crosstalk between G-protein signaling and glutamatergic transmission within the brain reward circuits is critical for long-term emotional effects (depression and anxiety), cravings, and negative withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid addiction. A previous study showed that Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) may be implicated in opiate action in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, the mechanism of the NAc-specific RGS4 actions that induce the behavioral responses to opiates remains largely unknown. The present study used a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knock-down of RGS4 in the NAc of the mouse brain to investigate the relationship between the activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and RGS4 in the NAc during morphine reward. Additionally, the shRNA-mediated RGS4 knock-down was implemented in NAc/striatal primary-cultured neurons to investigate the role that striatal neurons have in the morphine-induced activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The results of this study show that the NAc-specific knockdown of RGS4 significantly increased the behaviors associated with morphine and did so by phosphorylation of the GluR1 (Ser831) and NR2A (Tyr1325) glutamate receptors in the NAc. Furthermore, the knock-down of RGS4 enhanced the phosphorylation of the GluR1 and NR2A glutamate receptors in the primary NAc/striatal neurons during spontaneous morphine withdrawal. These findings show a novel molecular mechanism of RGS4 in glutamatergic transmission that underlies the negative symptoms associated with morphine administration.
The T55-L-712 turbine engine compressor housing refurbishment project (1987)

A study was conducted to access the feasibility of reclaiming T55-L-712 turbine engine compressor housings with an 88 wt % aluminum -- 12 wt % silicon alloy applied by the plasma spray processes. Tensile strength testing was conducted on as-sprayed and thermally cycled test specimens which were plasma sprayed from 0.020 to 0.100 in. Satisfactory tensile strength valves were observed in the as-sprayed tensile specimens. There was essentially no decrease in tensile strength after thermally cycling the tensile specimens.
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell: Transport Properties of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Cell Performance (1998)

Methanol and water absorption in 1100 and 1200 e.w. Nafion® membranes was determined by weighing P2O5 dried and methanol solution equilibrated membranes. Both methanol and water absorption in the 1200 e.w. membrane is about 70–74 % of that in the 1100 e.w. membrane. The methanol cross-over rate corresponding to that in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) at open circuit was measured using a voltammetric method in the DMFC configuration and under the same cell operating conditions (temperature, humidification and concentration of feed methanol solution). Accounting for the thickness difference between the membrane samples, the methanol cross-over rate through a 1200 e.w. membrane is 52 % of that through a 1100 e.w. membrane. To resolve the cathode and anode performances in an operating DMFC, a dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE) was used as a reference electrode. Results show that in DMFC operation the cathode could be flooded due to the high water and methanol cross-over rates, especially through the 1100 e.w. membrane at a cell temperature below 80 °C. An increase in methanol cross-over rate as incurred by increasing the concentration of the feed methanol solution, increasing the cell operating temperature or using a membrane more permeable to methanol decreases the cathode potential of the DMFC at open circuit. As the cell current density is increased, the cathode potential of the DMFC can approach the cathode potential of a H2/air cell, thanks to the consumption of methanol at the anode and consequent decrease in methanol cross-over rate.
Steroid-induced cataracts in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. (2003)

Although the frequency of PSC was low (1/17) in AIH patients on costicosteroid therapy, these individuals should undergo occasional ophthalmological assessment for the presence of cataracts since their visual acuity and quality of life may be adversely affected.
Persons (2018)

A person, as most philosophers use the term, is something with certain special mental properties. Locke, for example, defined ‘person’ as ‘a thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places’. To be a person (at a time) is to be intelligent and self-conscious (at that time). To say that something is a person is thus to say something about its mental properties. But we could know all about a thing’s mental properties without knowing the rest of its nature – what nonmental properties it has – just as we could know that something is a clock, or even know all about its timekeeping properties, without knowing its physical structure. The definition of ‘person’ as ‘intelligent, self-conscious being’ is like the definition of ‘clock’ as ‘device that measures time’: it specifies a role, but does not say what sort of thing fills the role. Here are some things that persons – that is, people – have been taken to be: Immaterial substances Collections of mental states and events Biological organisms Parts of organisms Nonorganisms constituted by organisms. Some have even denied that there are any people at all: there are acts of thought, but no beings whose thoughts they are. There is no consensus on the matter, or even any dominant view. It may be that different sorts of people belong to different metaphysical kinds, just as different sorts of clocks have different mechanisms. There are mechanical clocks made of springs and wheels, electronic digital clocks, atomic clocks and so on. Likewise, it may be that we human people are organisms, but some nonhuman people – gods, say, or the intelligent, self-conscious computers of the future – are not. This entry will consider only human people. It will discuss some of the main accounts of their nature, then briefly connect them to wider metaphysical themes.
Experimental study of zeotropic refrigerant mixture HFC-407C as a replacement for HCFC-22 in chiller systems. (2006)

HCFC-22 is the word’s most widely used refrigerant. It serves in both residential and commercial applications, from small window units to large water chillers, and everything in between. Its particular combination of efficiency, capacity and pressure has made it a popular choice for equipment designers. Nevertheless, it does have some ozone depletion potential (ODP), so international law set forth in the Montreal Protocol and its Copenhagen and Vienna amendments have put HCFC-22 on a phase out schedule. Zeotropic blend HFC-407C has been established as a drop-in alternative for HCFC-22 in the industry. However, when a system is charged with a zeotropic mixture, it raises concerns about temperature glide at two-phase state, differential oil solubility and internal composition shift as well as dilemma associated with the correct charge of the partially leaked systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate behavior of R407C refrigerant in the liquid chiller systems, including performance and efficiency variations as well as challenges involved maintaining the system charged with R407C.
Design of Coibamide A Mimetics with Improved Cellular Bioactivity (2021)

Coibamide A, a cyclic depsipeptide isolated from a Panamanian marine cyanobacterium, shows potent cytotoxic activity via the inhibition of the Sec61 translocon. We designed a coibamide A mimetic in which the ester linkage between MeThr and d-MeAla in coibamide A was replaced with an alkyl linker to provide a stable macrocyclic scaffold possessing a MeLys(Me) residue. Taking advantage of a facile solid-phase synthetic approach, an structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the newly designed macrocyclic structure was performed, with a focus on altering the pattern of <i>N</i>-methyl substitution and amino acid configurations. Overall, the simplified macrocyclic scaffold with an alkyl linker resulted in a significantly reduced cytotoxicity. Instead, more potent coibamide A derivatives with a β-(4-biphenylyl)alanine (Bph) group were identified after the optimization of the Tyr(Me) position in the original macrocyclic scaffold of coibamide A based on the characteristic apratoxin A substructures. The similar SAR between coibamide A and apratoxin A suggests that the binding site of the Tyr(Me) side chain at the luminal end of Sec61α may be shared.
Electrokinetic and light scattering properties of pea and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thylakoid membranes: Effect of phytohemagglutinin (2002)

The effects of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and illumination on the surface charge densities and 90 degrees light scattering properties of pea and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thylakoids were investigated. The electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of pea thylakoids decreased after treatment by various concentrations of PHA at ionic strengths of I = 0.01 and I = 0.02, while that of C. reinhardtii thylakoids remained stable except for a drop after treatment by PHA at a concentration of 6 ng/mL in a medium with an ionic strength of I = 0.01. Illumination did not influence the EPM of untreated thylakoids. However, if the EPM of thylakoids had been retarded by pretreatment with PHA, light exposure stimulated a recovery of the reduced negative surface charge density up to at least the initial values. In addition to reducing EPM, PHA also induced a decrease of the basal light scattering property of pea thylakoids, which is an indicator of thylakoid aggregation. The physiological role of the membrane surface charges of thylakoid particles in lectin regulated processes of thylakoid stacking and activity is discussed.
Compile/run-time support for threaded MPI execution on multiprogrammed shared memory machines (1999)

MPI is a message-passing standard widely used for developing high-performance parallel applications. Because of the restriction in the MPI computation model, conventional implementations on shared memory machines map each MPI node to an OS process, which suffers serious performance degradation in the presence of multiprogramming, especially when a space/time sharing policy is employed in OS job scheduling. In this paper, we study compile-time and run-time support for MPI by using threads and demonstrate our optimization techniques for executing a large class of MPI programs written in C. The compile-time transformation adopts thread-specific data structures to eliminate the use of global and static variables in C code. The runtime support includes an efficient point-to-point communication protocol based on a novel lock-free queue management scheme. Our experiments on an SGI Origin 2000 show that our MPI prototype called TMPI using the proposed techniques is competitive with SGI's native MPI implementation in a dedicated environment, and it has significant performance advantages with up to a 23-fold improvement in a multiprogrammed environment.
The relationship between insight into psychosis and compliance with medications (2004)

Chapter 15 discusses psychopharmacological treatment of executive disorders following brain injury, including treating irritability and disinhibition, problems with drive, initiation and focus, Ethical and legal considerations, and conclusions.