gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characteristics and toxicity of surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles to freshwater and marine microalgae (2017)

Because of wide applications of surface-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in commercial sunscreens and their easiness of being released into water, concerns have been raised over their potential effects on aquatic organisms. This study compared physicochemical properties of silane-coated and uncoated ZnO-NPs to elucidate their toxic potencies toward three freshwater and three marine microalgae. Surfaces of ZnO-NPs (20 nm) were modified by coating with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (A-ZnO-NPs) that provides the particles with a more hydrophilic surface, or dodecyltrichlorosilane (D-ZnO-NPs) that turns the particles to hydrophobic. Uncoated ZnO-NPs formed larger aggregates and released more Zn<sup>2+</sup> than did either of the two coated ZnO-NPs. The three nanoparticles formed larger aggregates but released less Zn<sup>2+</sup> at pH 8 than at pH 7. Although sensitivities varied among algal species, A-ZnO-NPs and uncoated ZnO-NPs were more potent at inhibiting growth of algal cells than were D-ZnO-NPs after 96-h exposure to ZnO, uncoated ZnO-NPs, each of the coated ZnO-NPs or ZnSO<sub>4</sub> at 10 concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mg/L. The marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana exposed to ZnO-NPs, A-ZnO-NPs or D-ZnO-NPs resulted in differential expressions of genes, suggesting that each of the coatings resulted in ZnO-NPs acting through different mechanisms of toxic action.
The 92-kDa gelatinase B is expressed by advanced stage melanoma cells: suppression by somatic cell hybridization with early stage melanoma cells. (1995)

The production and local release of various proteolytic enzymes, either by tumor cells or tumor-associated stromal cells, is thought to facilitate the malignant behavior of solid tumors. Human cutaneous melanoma offers an excellent clinical model to study the possible contribution of such proteases to solid tumor progression because melanoma goes through a series of well defined stages in its pathogenesis; moreover, permanent cell lines have been established from these various stages. As a first step to analyzing the gelatinolytic enzymes in melanoma pathology, we examined cell lines derived from early stage primary melanomas in which patients were cured of their disease and compared the results to those obtained with cell lines established from advanced stage primary lesions or metastases (i.e., from patients who eventually succumbed to the disease). We found that 80% of cell lines examined from early stage lesions constitutively produced only the 72-kDa gelatinase A but never the 92-kDa gelatinase B. In contrast, the majority of advanced stage cell lines examined produced both the 72-kDa gelatinase A and the 92-kDa gelatinase B. Advanced stage cell lines that did not constitutively produce the 92-kDa gelatinase B could be induced to do so with transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 1 beta or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. In total, 0 of 5 early stage cell lines constitutively expressed the 92-kDa gelatinase B, and only 2 of 5 could be induced to produce this activity. In contrast, all advanced stage cell lines that were evaluated either constitutively or inducibly produced the 92-kDa gelatinase B. To analyze the mechanism by which 92-kDa gelatinase B production is switched on in the advanced stage melanoma cell lines, somatic cell hybrids were constructed using an advanced stage melanoma cell line as one partner and either one of two early stage cell lines as the other. Constitutive production of the 92-kDa gelatinase B in such hybrids was lost and could not be induced in such hybrids. Coculture of the early and advanced stage cell lines failed to recapitulate what was seen after somatic hybridization, and zymographic analysis of lysates from hybrid cell lines demonstrated no 92-kDa gelatinase B activity. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated that the loss of 92-kDa gelatinase B production occurred at the level of steady-state mRNA for the enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mechanism of biological activity of short peptides: Cell penetration and epigenetic regulation of gene expression (2013)

Data on various aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanism of the biological activity of short peptides used as potential drugs were analyzed. Based on the published data and our own results, a possible mechanism of the penetration of short peptides into the cytoplasm and cell nucleus is considered. In addition, the possibility of the involvement of short peptides in the mechanisms of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression via their complimentary interaction with promoter regions of genes in DNA is substantiated.
Electrochemical Construction of (<i>0001</i>)-ZnO/(<i>111</i>)-Cu<sub>2</sub>O Heterojunction Diode with Excellent Rectification Feature (2011)

The (111)-p-Cu 2 O/(0001)-n-ZnO heterostructure was successfully fabricated using low-temperature electrodeposition method on Au(111)/Si(100) substrate. The ZnO film deposited at positive current density was composed of aggregates of isolated hexagonal columnar grains, and the interface between ZnO and Cu 2 O layer was clearly observed. (0002)-oriented continuous ZnO layer deposited on the (111)-Cu 2 O layer at negative current density, but the metallic Cu layer was formed between ZnO and Cu 2 O layers by reducing Cu 2 O to Cu during ZnO deposition. The Cu 2 O/isolated-ZnO heterostructure showed ohmic feature, and (111)-Cu 2 O/Cu/(0002)-ZnO heterostructures showed an excellent rectification with rectification ratio of 85.
"This Little Light of Mine": Creating Early Childhood Education Classroom Experiences for African American Boys PreK-3 (2016)

The well known Negro Spiritual “This Little Light of Mine” captures the sentiments of the hopes and dreams of countless African American families for their children in school in general and the early grades in particular. Too many dreams have not been met, begging the question of what happens when it feels like there is a conscientious effort to either dim or extinguish the shining lights (potential, promise, gifts) of African American boys at any age, especially as preschoolers? How do we reconcile this feeling in light of the persistent criminalizing and adultifying (e.g., racial profiling) of behavior of African American children in general, boys in particular, as well as the over-representation of African American boys as early as preK-3 in areas of suspension and, expulsion, and high incidence areas of special education? The authors discuss these racialized, gendered, and inequitable issues using national data; we present a short vignette, and offer recommendations for equitable early childhood special education.
Variations in CSF Monoamine Metabolites According to the Season of Birth (1999)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) as well as their ratios and correlations were analyzed in relation to the season of birth. The sample consisted of 241 drug-free patients participating in psychobiological programs and comprising the DSM-III-R diagnoses of mood, anxiety and adjustment disorders. Significant season-of-birth variations were found even after adjusting for sex, age, height, the diagnostic category and the month of lumbar puncture. Those born during February to April had significantly lower values of 5-HIAA. Values of HVA and of the ratios HVA/5-HIAA and HVA/MHPG were significantly higher for those born during October to January. Correlation coefficients also showed season-of-birth variations. These results may provide an important link for the season-of-birth variations reported for several neuropsychiatric disorders.
Genomic deletions in the BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 regions associate with low expression of the estrogen receptor in sporadic breast carcinoma (1997)

Sporadic breast carcinoma is associated with multiple genetic alterations. The clinical relevance of these alterations, however, needs further clarification. In the present study we analyzed 266 spontaneously arising breast carcinomas for allelic losses in the BRCA1 and TP53 regions on chromosome 17, the BRCA2 region on chromosome 13, the ATM (mutated in ataxia-telangiectasia) region on chromosome 11 and on the chromosomal arms 7q and 16q. In addition the following clinical and pathological parameters were evaluated: age at diagnosis, tumor size, presence or absence of regional and distant metastases, hormone-receptor status, histopathological classification and tumor grading. The analysis of genetic and clinical observations revealed significant associations: absence of expression of the estrogen receptor was linked to a high rate of allelic losses of markers in the BRCA1, TP53 and BRCA2 regions. Expression of the progesterone receptor coincided with allelic loss on the long arm of chromosome 16. High-grade malignant lesions and ductal differentiation were frequently associated with allelic losses in the proximal portion of chromosome 17q. The accumulation of multiple allelic deletions was linked to high-grade malignant tumors, to tumor size, and to loss of expression of the estrogen receptor. Our data point to a relationship between clinically relevant prognostic factors and specific genomic deletions in the BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 region. Int. J. Cancer 74:322-325, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Finite Element Analysis of Adaptive-Stiffening and Shape-Control SMA Hybrid Composites (2006)

The usage of shape memory materials has extended rapidly to many fields, including medical devices, actuators, composites, structures and MEMS devices.For these various applications, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are available in various forms: bulk, wire, ribbon, thin film, and porous.In this work, the focus is on SMA hybrid composites with adaptive-stiffening or morphing functions.These composites are created by using SMA ribbons or wires embedded in a polymeric based composite panel/beam.Adaptive stiffening or morphing is activated via selective resistance heating or uniform thermal loads.To simulate the thermomechanical behavior of these composites, a SMA model was implemented using ABAQUS' user element interface and finite element simulations of the systems were studied.Several examples are presented which show that the implemented model can be a very useful design and simulation tool for SMA hybrid composites.
Figure S3 from Remodeling of Stromal Immune Microenvironment by Urolithin A Improves Survival with Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gating strategies used for flow cytometry analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantification of left atrial strain and strain rate using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance myocardial feature tracking: a feasibility study (2014)

CMR-FT based atrial performance analysis reliably quantifies LA longitudinal strain and SR from standard SSFP cine images and discriminates between patients with impaired left ventricular relaxation and healthy controls. CMR-FT derived atrial deformation quantification seems a promising novel approach for the study of atrial performance and physiology in health and disease states.
Indexing design considerations (1973)

A significant amount of work has been done in the area of general indexing in terms of simple indexing. This is reflected in the development of access methods such as VSAM. Very little work has been done on complex indexes. The only example given in this paper is the cascading indexes of CICS. Future work could include an expansion of the items discussed under complex indexes. In particular, some attention should be given to the relationships between different sets of data. A limited set of these relationships are provided by hierarchical data structures provided by systems such as the Information Managment System.
Goal Setting in the Freshman English Classroom (2011)

Introduction This article explores the use of a self-assessment instrument in several pre-intermediate level English classes at a Japanese university. The primary goal of this research is to discover ways in which a weekly goal-setting sheet – a form of self-assessment – can be used effectively in the classroom in order to increase student participation and classroom performance. After using the instrument for one semester, ways in which it could be modified are suggested. Ultimately, the aim is to create an instrument that will be simple and effective to use for both learners and instructors.
Using Org-mode and Subversion for Managing and Publishing Content in Computer Science Courses (2012)

Content creation and management is an inevitable part of teaching a course. This paper describes a novel way of handling this problem using Org-mode, a recently created text based information management tool being used within the Emacs user community. We list certain desirable features, specially for the purposes of computer science courses, such as support for collaborative development and literate programming. We show how Org-mode compares favourably over other approaches like wikis and other content and course management systems. We describe why the combination of Org-mode and version control is suitable for creating and publishing content quickly, with minimum overhead in a collaborative manner.
Fast 3D image reconstruction method based on SVD decomposition of a block-circulant system matrix (2007)

We propose an ultra-fast 3D image reconstruction method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of a block-circulant system matrix obtained from a cylindrical image representation. PET and SPECT image reconstruction based on SVD of the system matrix has already been demonstrated previously but was limited to the reconstruction of small 2D images due to the difficulty of inverting an ill-conditioned large matrix. In this work, this difficulty is overcome by using a Fourier transformed factorization of the block-circulant matrix to accelerate the SVD decomposition procedure and make it more robust. The Fourier transform is further used to accelerate the matrix-vector operations between the system matrix pseudo-inverse and the projection data resulting in an extremely fast direct image reconstruction method. A maximum acceleration of the method is achieved by taking advantage of all in-plane and axial symmetries between the tubes of response through the use of a 3D cylindrical image representation preserving all symmetries in the system matrix. Using the same projection data, the proposed method delivers images of visual quality comparable to FBP, but 25 times faster. Moreover, for imaging systems with many symmetries, the method is so fast that it can produce higher quality images using all available 3D projection data, taking time comparable to FBP or MLEM, the latter using single plane, i.e. partial 2D projection data only. The new method is therefore ideal for real time 3D image reconstruction allowing for the instant visualization of the image estimate while the patient is being scanned.
A cutting-edge approach unravels a novel role for CDK6 in leukemic progenitor cells (2020)

Abstract Studies of molecular mechanisms of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis are hampered by the unavailability of progenitor cell lines that accurately mimic the situation in vivo . We now report a robust method to generate and maintain LSK (lin - , Sca-1 + , c-Kit + ) cells which closely resemble MPP1 cells. HPC LSK reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipient mice over more than eight months. Upon transformation with different oncogenes including BCR/ABL, FLT3-ITD or MLL-AF9 their leukemic counterparts maintain stem cell properties in vitro and recapitulate leukemia formation in vivo . The method to generate HPC LSK can be applied to transgenic mice and we illustrate it for CDK6-deficient animals. Upon BCR/ABL p210 transformation, Cdk6 -/- HPC LSKs induce disease with a significantly enhanced latency and reduced incidence, showing the importance of CDK6 in leukemia formation. Studies of the CDK6 transcriptome in murine HPC LSK and human BCR/ABL + cells have verified that certain pathways depend on CDK6 and have uncovered a novel CDK6-dependent signature, suggesting a role for CDK6 in leukemic progenitor cell homing. Loss of CDK6 may thus lead to a defect in homing. The HPC LSK system represents a unique tool for combined in vitro and in vivo studies and enables the production of large quantities of genetically modifiable hematopoietic or leukemic stem/progenitor cells. Key points We describe the generation of murine cell lines (HPC LSK ) which reliably mimic hematopoietic/leukemic progenitor cells. Cdk6 -/- BCR/ABL p210 HPC LSKs uncover a novel role for CDK6 in homing.
[Alterations of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and neural apoptosis in brain of rat offspring born by cesarean section]. (2010)

There were different influences of cesarean section on GFAP expression in hippocampus or cortex in different developmental stage of offspring. Cesarean section might increase GFAP expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, even trigger neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus region.
Multiphysics Approach Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Signal Integrity Analysis in High Speed Serial Links (2019)

Historically, signal integrity (SI) modeling and analysis was performed standalone without considering non-electrical aspects of the design. Going forward, this approach may not be viable to model high-speed serial links. Increased demand for higher CPU core count is resulting in higher wattage CPUs. This in-turn is increasing the number of phases of voltage regulator module (VRM) driving higher thermal footprint for the design. Increase in temperature impacts high-speed interconnect performance adversely. Modeling interconnects for worst-case operating temperature can be unrealistic and could lead to over-design of a channel. In this paper, a Multiphysics approach is proposed to model next generation high-speed interconnects. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to determine the temperature gradient in the channel and thermo-electrical co-analysis is proposed to accurately predict the interconnect signal integrity (SI) characteristics. A realistic test case is used to demonstrate the importance of proposed Multiphysics co-analysis for different data rates.
논문 : 일본 관동지역 2차림지대의 기상환경과 식물군락에 관한 연구 (2004)

The climate of Minamiakikawa forest in Japan is similar to that of Mt. Jiri in South Korea. There is a large development plan for Minamiakikawa forest, and a change in the species composition is expected. This study was initiated to compare forest transition caused by artificial perturbations in Korea and Japan. Long-term field observations on species composition are reported. We found 98 families, 231 genera, 315 species, 29 varieties, and 8 races, making a total of 352 classification groups of higher plants in the Minamiakikawa forest area. Among them, 11 families, 12 species and 2 varieties are rare or endangered. The study area is dominated by Cryptomerica japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. The time and restoration effects on secondary and latent forestation consider the development of the Quercus mongolica community, the Quercus serrata community, and deciduous-broadleaved tree ascension. This indicates that the forest has been restored to Abies firma, Pinus densiflora or Crrptomeria japonica and Fagus japonica, which is considered latent natural forestation of the area in a natural transfer.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of intermetallic Pd-X (Ga, Zn) Nanoparticles derived from ternary Hydrotalcite-like precursors (2012)

Für die Herstellung von geträgerten, intermetallischen Pd2Ga und PdZn Nanopartikeln wird ein neuartiger, leicht anwendbarer Syntheseansatz aus Hydrotalcit-ähnlichen (HT) Verbindungen vorgestellt. Die ternären HT Verbindungen mit der nominellen Zusammensetzung (Pd2+,M2+)0.70(M3+)0.30(OH)2(CO3)0.15 ∙ m H2O werden durch pH-kontrollierte Co-Fällung hergestellt. Die Kombination der zwei- und dreiwertigen Kationen variiert zwischen Mg2+/Ga3+ bzw. Zn2+/Al3+, um die Bildung von nanokristallinen Pd2Ga und PdZn intermetallischen Verbindungen geträgert auf porösem MgO/MgGa2O4 bzw. ZnO/ZnAl2O4 Support zu ermöglichen. Zusätzlich wird für die Herstellung einer monometallischen Pd-Referenz auf einem MgO/MgAl2O4 Träger ein PdMgAl HT synthetisiert. Der erfolgreiche Einbau von Pd in die HT Struktur erfordert eine oktaedrische Koordination des Pd2+, wobei Pd2+ Ionen in wässriger Lösung bevorzugt quadratisch planar koordiniert vorliegen. Bei gleichem Substitutionsgrad von M2+ durch Pd2+ konnte vollständiger Pd Einbau für die PdZnAl HT Verbindung erreicht werden. Im Falle von PdMgGa und PdMgAl HT liegt ein geringer Anteil des Pd2+ in segregierter Form auf der Oberfläche der HT Plättchen vor. Das nicht eingebaute Pd weist eine ähnliche Koordinationsphäre wie quadratisch planar koordiniertes Pd2+ in PdO auf. Die Grenze für den vollständigen Einbau von Pd2+ liegt bei unter 1 mol% Pd. Die thermische Zersetzung in reduzierender Atmosphäre führt zur Bildung von intermetallischen und metallischen Nanopartikeln in der Größenordnung von unter 2 bis 6 nm und monomodaler Partikelgrößenverteilung. Durch das Legieren von Pd mit Ga bzw. Zn wird sowohl die Kristallstruktur als auch die elektronische Struktur verändert, was zur Ausbildung von isolierten Adsorptionszentren an der Oberfläche führte. Des Weiteren wurde bei längerer CO Exposition und erhöhten CO Drücken eine dynamische Veränderung der Pd2Ga Oberfläche beobachtet. Dies lässt sich durch die Zersetzung von Pd2Ga zu metallischem Pd und Ga2O3 erklären. Der nanostrukturierte Pd2Ga Katalysator erzielt im Vergleich zum Pd2Ga Bulkkatalysator ähnliche Selektivität und Stabilität in der selektiven Semihydrierung von Ethin. Die Selektivität zu Ethen verbesserte sich gegenüber metallischem Palladium deutlich durch die Bildung der intermetallischen Pd2Ga Phase. Interessanterweise wird eine langsame Aktivierung des Katalysators im Reaktionsgas beobachtet, die sich mittels oxidativer Vorbehandlung drastisch verkürzt. Diese Dynamik kann durch das Zusammenspiel von der Oberflächenzersetzung zu Pd0 und Ga2O3 und der Umkehrung der starken Metall-Träger-Wechselwirkung erklärt werden, was zu einer deutlichen Aktivitätserhöhung führt. Zusätzlich zeigten Pd2Ga und PdZn Nanopartikel im Gegensatz zum reinen Pd Katalysator erhöhte Aktivitäten und Selektivitäten in der Reformierung von Methanol und der Methanolsynthese. Diese strukturell modifizierten Pd Katalysatoren weisen im Vergleich zum monometallischen Pd Katalysator deutlich verringerte CO Selektivitäten und erhöhte Bildung von Methanol auf.