gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Stress Analysis of a Spinal Segment (1991)

A large number of factors need to be determined to understand the biomechanics of a surgical procedure about the lumbar spine. Some of these factors are amenable to experimental investigations while knowledge concerning other parameters requires the development of an analytical model of the spine. A three-dimensional, non-linear, finite element model of an intact ligamentous motion segment was developed to predict the stress and strain distributions within the segment, nucleus pressure, loads across the facet joints, etc. in response to axial compression loads. The intact model was appropriately modified to simulate a number of surgical procedures including the use of a pedicle-screw fixation device. The results indicate that the loads across the facets increase and the disc bulge in the posterior region decreases following discectomy, in comparison to the intact model predictions. The use of a rigid fixation device for stabilizing a decompressed segment leads to stress-shielding within the stabilized model as compared to the intact model. This may lead to stress-induced osteopenia. These results, as a complement to the experimental data, help explain the clinical changes in the spine following surgery.
HDL and persistent inflammation immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (2021)

HDL significantly influences innate and adaptive immune pathways relating to chronic disease and inflammation. Further research is needed to better characterize these interactions in the setting of PICS.
Transformations of Molecular Frameworks by Host–Guest Response: Novel Routes toward Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly at the Solid–Liquid Interface (2011)

We review recent new avenues for controlling two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly stabilized by non-covalent interactions. The use of host–guest architectures has opened new pathways for supramolecular self-assembly in two dimensions by immobilizing molecules of interest in 2D nano-porous networks. We also describe how a judicious choice of guest molecule can induce effective changes in host templates. These transformations could enable full control of 2D self-assembly with nanoscale precision, by tuning parameters such as stoichiometry, geometry and non-covalent interactions. This approach is of paramount importance for understanding changes of dimensionality and subsequently the formation of 2D and 3D supramolecular networks and ordered films that can be used as active materials for applications (e.g., electronic devices).
Causal Reconstruction Kernels For Consistent Signal Recovery (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Peptidoglycan Perception in Plants (2015)

Higher eukaryotes have evolved mechanisms to detect and discriminate between a wide range of commensal and infectious microorganisms. The first inducible line of defence common between plant and animal systems is microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI) [1,2]. MTI is based on the recognition of certain structurally highly conserved and, for the microbe, indispensable patterns that are usually not present in the attacked host organism. In plants, these MAMPs are detected at the cell surface by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [3,4]. Results from recent years indicate that PRRs are part of larger protein complexes, most of which associate only in the presence of the respective MAMP [5]. Subsequently, host defences are mobilised, eventually leading to a limitation of pathogen spreading and multiplication.
Depressed Monoamine Catabolite Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Parkinsonism Dementia of Guam (1970)

Depressed levels of homovanillic acid, the principal catabolite of dopamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the major product of serotonin degradation in brain, were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of seven Guamanian patients with Parkinsonism dementia. Homovanillic acid concentrations in spinal fluid of six Guamanians with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were also significantly lower than those observed in six Guamanian control subjects, although higher than those found in the patients with Parkinsonism dementia. Monoamine catabolite levels in patients with Parkinsonism dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on Guam were similar to those found in Americans with idiopathic Parkinsonism or classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respectively. An alteration in cerebral monoamines similar to that previously found in classic Parkinson's disease may thus attend the Parkinsonism-dementia syndrome of Guam.
Die dielektrischen Eigenschaften der Stärke im Mikrowellenbereich als Grundlage für die Feuchtigkeitsbestimmung (1974)

Abstract Dielectric Properties of Starch in the Range of Microwaves as a Basis for Determination of Humidity. The change of dielectric properties of starch with change of water content was utilized for continual determination of humidity. For that purpose, the balance method was applied, in order to measure attenuation and phase shift of the electromagnetic wave permeating the material. The 10 GHz‐microwave was generated by means of a reflex klystron. With increasing humidity there is an increase of electric loss. At the same time, the increase of attenuation of the electromagnetic wave in the starch makes possible to find the transitions between free and bound water of capillarity using a correction control circuit an accuracy in measurement of 0,3% absolute is reached.
2D parametric target model estimation using HRR data from a radar network (2009)

Estimation of a parametric 2D spatial target model is proposed in this paper, with ultimate goal to support radar target classification. Limited number of multi-aspect High Range Resolution (HRR) data from a radar network are used as source of information. Back-projection in 2D space and mixture model fitting is applied for the estimation. The ghosts are progressively resolved and unambiguous retrieval of the 2D target model is achievable using data at consecutive time steps, while the target is moving.
Implementing a community acquired pneumonia care bundle in the acute hospital setting (2011)

Objective: The aims are to reliably deliver clinically effective and timely treatment in the management of CAP (community Acquired Pneumonia), to reduce overall variances in care, and to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. Methods: Using Improvement Methodology techniques the project team: Conducted a base line audit, mapped out current patient journey, arranged education sessions for relevant staff members, used a locally customised CAP bundle pack, and used the PDSA Cycle and the sustainability tools. A multi professional group, including patient representative, used a bespoke reporting tool to record weekly measures of bundle compliance. Non compliance was disseminated to the team for response and feedback. Project team meetings were held weekly, this gave the opportunity for all to monitor progress. Results: A base line audit of 50 patients was compared with 200 patients in the CAP Care Bundle, over18 months. There was an improvement in providing written information to patients from 0 to 88%, documenting the CURB-65 CAP severity score 32% to 94%, oxygen correctly prescribed 78% to 88%, timely administration of antibiotics within 4 hours of arrival to hospital from 54% to 88%, and antibiotic following BTS guidelines from 48% to 87%. Implications: Implementing a Care Bundle Pathway can improve patients care, but a high degree of perseverance is required to implement changes and sustain improvements. The success cannot be dependant on only a few champions but needs to have support from the organisation at all levels. The project was funded and supported by NW London CLAHRC.
γH2AX, an Accurate Marker That Analyzes UV Genotoxic Effects on Human Keratinocytes and on Human Skin (2010)

The phosphorylated form of histone H2AX, gammaH2AX, is a component of the DNA repair system. Most studies have focused on the role of gammaH2AX during cell transformation and human cancer, but little is known about its role in keratinocytes and the skin during UV irradiation. We analyzed the response to UV irradiation focusing on the phosphorylation of histone H2AX both in vitro, in keratinocyte cultures and in artificial epidermis, and then in vivo, in human skin. Acute UVB irradiation of human keratinocytes increased the phosphorylation of H2AX in a dose-dependent manner; two types of gammaH2AX response were observed either in vitro or in vivo. After a low nonapoptotic UVB irradiation, cells contained phosphorylated H2AX and arrested their cell cycle to repair the DNA damages. For a stronger and proapoptotic UVB irradiation, keratinocytes dramatically increased the phosphorylation of H2AX and committed apoptosis. Our results indicate that gammaH2AX constitutes a highly sensitive marker relevant for studying subapoptotic doses as well as proapoptotic doses of UVB in human skin.
Development and Validation of Dummies and Human Models Used in Crash Test (2018)

The crash test dummy, an important tool for car crash safety tests, is of great significance to explore the injury biomechanics of the occupants and improve the safety performance of the vehicle. The article mainly consists of four parts: brief introduction of injury mechanism, early experiments for obtaining biomechanical response (animal tests, cadaver tests, and volunteer tests), and development and validation of mechanical dummies and computational models. This study finds that the current crash test dummies are generally designed based on European and American, so they have limitations on the damage prediction of other regions. Further research in the crash test dummy needs the participation of various countries in order to develop a crash test dummy that meets the national conditions of each country. Simultaneously, it is necessary to develop dummies of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly dummy and obese people dummy.
Efficacy of astatine-211-labeled monoclonal antibody in treatment of murine T-cell lymphoma. (1987)

The short-lived isotope 211At (half-life, 7.2 hr), an alpha particle-emitting halogen, has been attached to a monoclonal antibody (anti-thy 1.1, IgG1, OX7) and used in mice in the treatment of a thy 1.1 T-cell lymphoma (A120). Forty-eight hours after receiving an iv injection of 10(3) or 10(5) A120 cells, mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, 211At-, antibody alone, or 211At conjugated to OX7. Treatment with the 211At-labeled OX7 conjugate increased the median survival time of mice and probably "cured" (survival at 200 days) 6 of the 15 mice given 10(5) cells and 21 of the 27 mice given 10(3) cells.
Shipboard low frequency sound speed measurements in the New England Mud Patch (2016)

Muddy ocean bottoms have been shown to be acoustically softer than the water column, presenting challenges in resolving inverse problems such as in remote parameter sensing and target detection. In addition, the acoustic properties of mud are less adequately understood compared to sandy sediments. As part of the Sediment Characterization Experiment, a survey cruise was conducted in August 2015 in the New England Mud Patch, in order to further study the acoustic properties of mud. In addition to gravity coring operations to determine the properties of the mud layer, box cores and multicores were collected to examine the surficial sediment properties. Samples were extracted from within the multicores and transferred to a resonator tube, where shipboard low frequency laboratory measurements of sound speed were performed. Before discarding the sample, it was perturbed and allowed to settle in the resonator over a period of two days, during which low frequency sound speed measurements were taken. Experimental challenges and preliminary results from the acoustic measurements and settling experiment will be presented. [Work supported by ONR.]
Reduced Muscarinic Type 2 Receptor Binding in Subjects With Bipolar Disorder (2006)

The mean M2 receptor binding in subjects with bipolar disorder was reduced relative to both healthy controls and subjects with major depressive disorder, to an extent that correlated with depressive symptoms. The reduction in the bipolar disorder group could be accounted for either by a reduction in M2 receptor density or affinity or an elevation in endogenous acetylcholine levels. To our knowledge, these data provide the first direct evidence that altered M2 receptor function contributes to mood dysregulation in bipolar disorder.
Assessment of Distal Tip Position of Long‐Term Central Venous Feeding Catheters Using Transesophageal Echocardiology (2001)

Further work is required but this observational study suggests guidelines suggesting the use of a chest radiograph to confirm catheter position may need to be re-assessed.
Comparison of Standstill Parameter Identification Methods for Induction Motors (2018)

This paper compares two different standstill identification schemes for the induction motor (IM) parameters. The schemes apply sinusoidal-excitation tests and DC-decay tests. Magnetic saturation of the motor is taken into account. The sensitivity of the parameter estimation to the stator resistance errors and the voltage errors is studied. Simulation results using a 2.2-kW IM drive are presented.
Zoledronic acid is synergic with vinblastine to induce apoptosis in a multidrug resistance protein‐1 dependent way: An in vitro study* (2006)

We have explored the action of zoledronic acid, which has an apoptotic effect and is used as an agent for treating skeletal metastases and osteoporosis, in the presence of vinblastine, and whether this effect is associated with MRP-1 (multidrug resistance protein-1) expression. HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cells were transfected to form the multidrug resistant cell line designated 293MRP (MRP-1 expressing HEK293 cells). Both lines were treated with varying concentrations of vinblastine and zoledronic acid. Apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL (deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling) method. The type of treatment, MRP-1 expression status, and the type of treatment with respect to MRP-1 expression status significantly affected (P < 0.001) the degree of apoptosis. The largest increase in cytotoxicity was noted in HEK293 cells, when 100 micromol zoledronic acid was added to 4 microg/ml vinblastine (an increment of 80.3%, P < 0.001). This preliminary work shows that zoledronic acid acts synergistically with vinblastine to induce apoptosis in an MRP-1 dependent way.
Chemical and biological characterization of a polysaccharide biological response modifier from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berg. (2004)

Three purified polysaccharide fractions designated as PAC-I, PAC-II, and PAC-III were prepared from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berg. by membrane fractionation and gel filtration HPLC. The polysaccharide fractions had molecular weights of 10,000 kDa, 1300 kDa, and 470 kDa, respectively. The major sugar residue in the polysaccharide fractions is mannose, which was found to be 91.5% in PAC-I, 87.9% in PAC-II, and 53.7% in PAC-III. The protein contents in the polysaccharide fractions was undetectable. NMR study of PAC-I and PAC-II demonstrated the polysaccharides shared the same structure. The main skeletons of PAC-I and PAC-II are beta-(1-->4)-D linked mannose with acetylation at C-6 of manopyranosyl. The polysaccharide fractions stimulated peritoneal macrophages, splenic T and B cell proliferation, and activated these cells to secrete TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, INF-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6. The polysaccharides were nontoxic and exhibited potent indirect antitumor response in murine model. PAC-I, which had the highest mannose content and molecular weight, was found to be the most potent biological response modifier of the three fractions. Our results suggested that the potency of aloe polysaccharide fraction increases as mannose content and molecular weight of the polysaccharide fraction increase.
Solid‐State NMR Studies of Ions in Protective Coatings: II . Lithium and Cesium Ions in Polybutadiene Coatings (1992)

Lithium and cesium ions were implanted into polybutadiene by cathodic polarization of polybutadiene‐coated copper in 0.5M Li and Cs aqueous halide solutions. The chemical environment of the implanted ions was studied utilizing solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Both ions were present in two types of environments within the polymer. Cesium ions in the polymer often gave rise to two peaks in the 133Cs NMR spectrum. The majority of ions were present in the smaller free volume sections of the polymer matrix. It is speculated that these ions had a smaller number of water molecules in the hydration sphere than the minority species. The majority of the lithium ions was present as a constrained species, as inferred from the relaxation data. A smaller quantity was present as hydrated ions within the polymer and was represented by a single sharp component in the 7Li NMR spectrum. When the polymer film was dried over a desiccant, some of the lithium ions appeared to associate with carboxyl groups present in the matrix.
Optimising single-phase PFC pre-staged AC/DC/ACtopology via common-neutral connection (1996)

A new topology for the single-phase PFC-pre-staged AC/DC/AC converter is presented. The introduction of a common-neutral connection simplifies the conventional connection of an AC/DC/AC structure, and gives a new topology that still has good performance, conforms with output safety regulations and has other advantages such as requiring fewer power devices and having lower conduction losses.
Hair breakage during combing. I. Pathways of breakage (2007)

Hair breakage during combing was evaluated by combing tresses and examining photographs of snags of hair fibers in combs. The resultant hair fiber arrangements suggest that breakage likely involves hair-on-hair interactions, and broken fragment size suggests that breakage occurs primarily at or near the hair-comb interface. Compression forces during combing were also measured, and impact loading of a hair fiber over another hair versus a hair fiber over a comb tooth shows that compression and abrasion are important to breakage during combing and that impact loading of one hair fiber over another during snagging is a probable and important pathway for hair breakage.
Preparation of high-temperature active zirconium boride powders via precursor route and microwave sintering (2021)

ZrB2 powders were synthesised by microwave heating using the sol–gel method for precursor with eight C6H14O6 (ZrOCl2·8H2O), boric acid (H3BO3), citric acid (I), and mannitol (as raw materials). The results show that the temperature at which the ZrB2 powder is completely synthesised by microwave heating is 1400°C, which is 300°C lower than the traditional way. XRD and SEM were used to characterise the phase composition and morphology of the powders. In addition, the effects of raw material ratios and synthesis temperature on the synthesis of powder were investigated. The effect of temperature on the purity of the synthesised zirconium boride was considerable. The nearly spherical ZrB2 ultra-fine powders of high purity were synthesised successfully at 1400°C by microwave, with the ratios of C:Zr is 7.44:1, and B:Zr is 2.77:1.
Do Concentrated Markets Spend More on Advertising? Evidence on Nondurable Consumer Goods Industries (1985)

This study explores the relationship between market concentration and the level, intensity and distribution of industry advertising. Industry and top four firm annual advertising expenditures in 12 established consumer nondurable product groups are positively and significantly related to market concentration. These results hold for a relatively homogeneous subset of product categories, for alternative functional forms, and for alternative measures of advertising.
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mobilization in Mice and Humans by a First-in-Class Mirror-Image Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of CXCL12 (2013)

NOX-A12 is a PEGylated mirror-image oligonucleotide (a so-called Spiegelmer) that binds to CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1) with high affinity thereby inhibiting CXCL12 signaling on both its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7. In animals, NOX-A12 mobilized white blood cells (WBCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs) into peripheral blood (PB). In healthy volunteers, single doses of NOX-A12 had a benign safety profile and also dose-dependently mobilized WBCs and HSCs into PB. HSC peak mobilization reached a plateau at five times the baseline level at an i.v. dose of 5.4 mg/kg. In accordance with the plasma half-life of 38 h, the duration of the WBC and HSC mobilization was long lasting and increased dose-dependently to more than 4 days at the highest dose (10.8 mg/kg). In conclusion, NOX-A12 may be appropriate for therapeutic use in and beyond mobilization of HSCs, e.g., in long-lasting mobilization and chemosensitization of hematological cancer cells.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver (1984)

Analysis of CNBr fragments and other peptides from human liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase enabled determination of the complete primary structure of this protein. The monomer has an acylated amino terminus and is composed of 500 amino acid residues, including 11 cysteine residues. No evidence of any microheterogeneity was obtained, supporting the concept that the enzyme is a homotetramer . The disulfiram-sensitive thiol in the protein, earlier identified through its reaction with iodoacetamide, is contributed by a cysteine residue at position 302, while the cysteine which in horse liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase is reactive with coenzyme analogs appears to correspond to either Cys-455 or Cys-463. Analysis of glycine distribution and prediction of secondary structures to localize beta alpha beta regions typical for coenzyme-binding are not fully unambiguous, but suggest a short region around position 245 as a likely segment for this function. In this region, sequence similarities to parts of a bacterial aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and a mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase were noted. Otherwise, no extensive similarities were detected in comparisons with characterized mammalian enzymes of similar activity or subunit size as aldehyde dehydrogenase (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, respectively).
Saranyu: Using Smart Contracts and Blockchain for Cloud Tenant Management (2018)

While blockchains and smart contracts are primarily known for their use as the technologies underlying cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, these technologies also have applicability in other areas. In this paper, we present an application of smart contracts running on a permissioned distributed ledger (essentially a private blockchain where only credentialed participants are allowed to read and write) to managing tenant and service accounts in a cloud computing data center. The system is called Saranyu and it supports four services: identity management, authentication, authorization, and charging. Identity management and authentication are handled using client-generated public/private key pairs in the usual fashion. Authorization is handled as a contract from a grantee of service access rights to a recipient which is a tenant or other service. Charging is supported by Saranyu integration with payment gateways for payments related to service resource usage. We describe an implementation of Saranyu on top of the Quorum blockchain system. We believe the security, non-repudiation, tamper-resistance, and easy transaction history access brought by blockchain technology will increase transparency and trust in cloud tenant and service management and that the fundamentally distributed nature of the blockchain will make Saranyu an excellent match with developing distributed cloud architectures.