gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estradiol Regulates Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene (crh) Expression in a Rapid and Phasic Manner that Parallels Estrogen Receptor-α and -β Recruitment to a 3′,5′-Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Regulatory Region of the Proximal crh Promoter (2007)

In the central nervous system, CRH regulates several affective states. Dysregulation of neuronal crh expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus correlates with some forms of depression, and amygdalar crh expression may modulate levels of anxiety. Because estrogens modulate these states, we sought to determine 17beta-estradiol (E2) effects on crh expression. CRH mRNA levels were measured in the AR-5 amygdaloid cell line by RT-PCR analysis. They increased by 1 min of E2 treatment, suggesting that crh behaves as an immediate-early gene. After peaking at 3 min, CRH mRNA returned to basal levels and then increased by 60 min. To dissect some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these events, we measured occupancy of the crh promoter by estrogen receptors (ERs) and coactivators, using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Because this promoter does not contain palindromic estrogen response elements, we targeted the region of a cAMP regulatory element (CRE), implicated in crh regulation. The temporal pattern of the mRNA response was mimicked by recruitment of ERalpha and -beta, phospho-CRE-binding protein, coactivators steroid receptor coactivator-1 and CRE-binding protein-binding protein (CBP), and an increase in histone 3 and 4 acetylation. Lastly, ERalpha and -beta loading were temporally dissociated, peaking at 1 and 3 min, respectively. The ER peaks were associated with coactivators and acetylation patterns. ERalpha associated with phospho-CRE-binding protein, CBP, steroid receptor coactivator-1, and increased acetylated histone 3. ERbeta associated with CBP and increased acetylated histone 4. The tight temporal correlation between E2-induced CRH mRNA levels and promoter occupancy by ERs strongly suggest that E2 regulates crh expression through an ERalpha- and/or ERbeta-CRE alternate pathway.
A hypoxia-independent up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by AKT contributes to angiogenesis in human gastric cancer (2007)

Underlying mechanisms involved in the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in cancer cells are diverse and cell type specific. Although both HIF-1alpha and AKT (protein kinase B) have been implicated in gastric tumor promotion and angiogenesis, it remains unclear whether HIF-1 mediates the role of AKT in terms of promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The present study was performed to investigate the correlation between HIF-1alpha activation and AKT activation in gastric cancer using human gastric cancer specimens, in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissue array slides containing 268 surgical specimens of gastric carcinomas showed immunoreactivity for HIF-1alpha in 29% of samples. Moreover, HIF-1alpha was positively associated with phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) (P = 0.002) or VEGF (P = 0.002), and the immunoreactivities of pAKT and VEGF were positively correlated (P < 0.001). Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in cell experiments revealed that the over-expression of constitutively active AKT (CA-AKT) promotes the expressions of HIF-1alpha protein and VEGF messenger ribonucleic acid in Seoul national university (SNU)-216 and SNU-668 gastric cancer cells under normoxic conditions, whereas kinase-dead mutant of AKT down-regulated these expressions under the same conditions. Xenografts in nude mice derived from stable gastric cancer cells over-expressing CA-AKT showed higher tumor incidence, larger tumor volumes, higher microvessel density and stronger HIF-1alpha immunoreactivity than those derived from vector control cells. Thus, we propose that the hypoxia-independent promotion of the AKT-HIF-1alpha-VEGF pathway contributes, at least in part, to gastric cancer tumorigenesis and angiogenesis.
Promoted oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution using molecular oxygen at mild conditions (1999)

Abstract Wet oxidation with molecular oxygen at mild conditions (temperature &lt; 200°C, pressure ⩽ 2 MPa) is an economically attractive pretreatment step for non‐biodegradable aqueous waste streams. In order to overcome the low reactivity of molecular oxygen towards organic molecules at these mild process conditions, an initiator was used in combination with ferrous ions in the acidic range. The promoted oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution was investigated in a 4 liters stirred autoclave. It was possible to degrade the phenol at temperatures as low as 100°C without observing an induction time. The remaining solution contained mainly acetic and formic acid and was well biodegradable. The oxidative behavior of the oxygen/phenol system could be explained using the well‐known autoxidation mechanism for aliphatic molecules. 4‐hydroperoxy‐phenol is suggested as a key intermediate. Measured products are p‐benzoquinone, hydroquinone, catechol, maleic, oxalic, pyruvic, formic, and acetic acid. Dinners could also be identified in sample extracts. A global pathway including all identified products is presented.
Goal and Plan Recognition Design for Plan Libraries (2019)

This article provides new techniques for optimizing domain design for goal and plan recognition using plan libraries. We define two new problems: Goal Recognition Design for Plan Libraries (GRD-PL) and Plan Recognition Design (PRD). Solving the GRD-PL helps to infer which goal the agent is trying to achieve, while solving PRD can help to infer how the agent is going to achieve its goal. For each problem, we define a worst-case distinctiveness measure that is an upper bound on the number of observations that are necessary to unambiguously recognize the agent’s goal or plan. This article studies the relationship between these measures, showing that the worst-case distinctiveness of GRD-PL is a lower bound of the worst-case plan distinctiveness of PRD and that they are equal under certain conditions. We provide two complete algorithms for minimizing the worst-case distinctiveness of plan libraries without reducing the agent’s ability to complete its goals: One is a brute-force search over all possible plans and one is a constraint-based search that identifies plans that are most difficult to distinguish in the domain. These algorithms are evaluated in three hierarchical plan recognition settings from the literature. We were able to reduce the worst-case distinctiveness of the domains using our approach, in some cases reaching 100% improvement within a predesignated time window. Our iterative algorithm outperforms the brute-force approach by an order of magnitude in terms of runtime.
Insight on Mutation-Induced Resistance from Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Native and Mutated CSF-1R and KIT (2016)

The receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs) for the colony stimulating factor-1, CSF-1R, and for the stem cell factor, SCFR or KIT, are important mediators of signal transduction. The abnormal function of these receptors, promoted by gain-of-function mutations, leads to their constitutive activation, associated with cancer or other proliferative diseases. A secondary effect of the mutations is the alteration of receptors' sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, compromising effectiveness of these molecules in clinical treatment. In particular, the mutation V560G in KIT increases its sensitivity to Imatinib, while the D816V in KIT, and D802V in CSF-1R, triggers resistance to the drug. We analyzed the Imatinib binding affinity to the native and mutated KIT (mutations V560G, S628N and D816V) and CSF-1R (mutation D802V) by using molecular dynamics simulations and energy calculations of Imatinib•target complexes. Further, we evaluated the sensitivity of the studied KIT receptors to Imatinib by measuring the inhibition of KIT phosphorylation. Our study showed that (i) the binding free energy of Imatinib to the targets is highly correlated with their experimentally measured sensitivity; (ii) the electrostatic interactions are a decisive factor affecting the binding energy; (iii) the most deleterious impact to the Imatinib sensitivity is promoted by D802V (CSF-1R) and D816V (KIT) mutations; (iv) the role of the juxtamembrane region, JMR, in the imatinib binding is accessory. These findings contribute to a better description of the mutation-induced effects alternating the targets sensitivity to Imatinib.
Ring-opening of 4H-thiapyran-4-thiones. A synthesis of 6a-thiathiophthene (1969)

J. G. Dingwall, D. H. Reid and J. D. Symon, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 466a DOI: 10.1039/C2969000466A
Infrared photocurrent response of charge-transfer exciton in polymer bulk heterojunction (2008)

We study the charge-transfer exciton absorption and photocurrent response in solution-processed bulk heterojunction based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) donor and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester acceptor in the near-infrared wavelength region. While the exciton absorption exists only for wavelength below 650nm, direct generation of charge-transfer exciton formed between the donor and acceptor extends the absorption wavelength to 950nm. For films with micrometer thickness, the photon-to-electron conversion efficiency is about 60% at 750nm wavelength under reverse voltage bias and the photocurrent to dark current ratio is about 8.6 at 900nm and remains 3.6 even at 1000nm. Photodetector with high sensitivity covering exclusively the 650–1000nm near infrared region can therefore be made without a low bandgap material. The charge-transfer exciton absorption coefficient and photocurrent sensitivity depend on the annealing condition which controls the donor-acceptor morphology.
Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Therapy for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma (2016)

In a systematic review of HPIs for laBCC and mBCC, vismodegib, but not sonidegib, had enough studies to warrant a pooled analysis. Vismodegib was identified to have a significant, consistent effect on the median duration of therapy of laBCC and mBCC. While mBCC responses are superior to any traditional approach, the response rate for laBCC might be considered in the context of other standard treatment options including surgery and radiation therapy.
Modeling Leg Sections by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Dual‐Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry, and Anthropometry: Assessing Segmental Muscle Volume Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Reference (2000)

This study aimed to assess the value of different DXA and BIA models for predicting muscle volume in mid-thigh segments obtained by MRI. Three DXA models were used: in model A, muscle was taken to be equivalent to fat-free soft tissue; in model B the thigh segment was divided into its constituent tissues using fixed assumptions about tissue composition; in model C the assumptions were similar to model B, but with variable distribution of fat and fat-free soft tissue, depending on body mass index. The two BIA models (both parallel tissue resistance models) involved impedance measurements at 50 kHz, and assumptions about either the specific resistivities of all the constituent tissues (model A), or resistivities of only adipose tissue and muscle (model B). Anthropometric estimates (thigh circumference and skinfold thickness) assumed that both limb and muscle circumference were circular. Compared to MRI estimates of muscle mass, those obtained by DXA model A (fat-free soft tissue) were not as good as those obtained using models B and C, although the standard deviations of the differences were similar with all three models. The BIA models were superior to the anthropometric estimates of muscle volume (relative to MRI) with respect to bias, but the standard deviations of the differences were large for both. The intraobserver repeatabilities for muscle volume were < 0.5% for MRI, < 1% for DXA, 1.8% for BIA, and 1.7% for anthropometry (interobserver value for BIA was 3.8% and for anthropometry 3.5%). The study suggests that DXA modeling provides a promising approach for assessing muscle mass in thigh segments, and suggests the potential value of parallel BIA models for groups of individuals but not for individual subjects, possibly because muscle resistivity is influenced not only by its composition but also by the direction of current flow in muscle.
Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic treatment of complicated choledochal cysts in children: a retrospective case series (2007)

We report our experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-(ERCP-)based interventions in children with complicated choledochal cysts that are refractory to conservative management. Between 1999 and 2006, 42 children (12 boys, 30 girls; median age 3 years, range 2-14.5 years) were admitted for surgical treatment of choledochal cysts. Seven of these patients (16.7%; one boy, six girls; median age 3 years, range 2-12 years) showed signs of complicated choledochal cysts, and presented with pancreatitis/cholangitis (n = 4) and obstructive jaundice (n = 3). The anatomical classification of the cysts was type Ic (n = 3), type If (n = 3), and type IV (n = 1). ERCP was successfully performed in 6/7 patients, and therapeutic interventions included removal of debris (n = 3), sphincterotomy (n = 3), and stent placement (n = 4). One patient required blood transfusion for post-sphincterotomy bleeding. The patient in whom the ERCP failed underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Definitive surgery was performed after a median interval of 10 days (range 7-68 days) after the ERCP intervention.
Developments in Chemical Approaches to Treat Tuberculosis in the Last Decade (2012)

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis claims millions of lives each year globally. Although it can be controlled by currently available drug regimen (DOTS), yet the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) TB is a growing concern. The increasing rate of MDR-TB, co-infection with HIV and XDR-TB necessitates the development of new anti-TB agents that have a practical impact on tuberculosis control. This review article gives a brief introduction of tuberculosis, present day problems, traditional and new anti-TB drug targets, currently used drugs, their mode of action, the pipeline compounds and a short description of new chemical entities (NCE's) as antitubercular agents developed in last 10 years.
R-CNNs for Pose Estimation and Action Detection (2014)

We present convolutional neural networks for the tasks of keypoint (pose) prediction and action classification of people in unconstrained images. Our approach involves training an R-CNN detector with loss functions depending on the task being tackled. We evaluate our method on the challenging PASCAL VOC dataset and compare it to previous leading approaches. Our method gives state-of-the-art results for keypoint and action prediction. Additionally, we introduce a new dataset for action detection, the task of simultaneously localizing people and classifying their actions, and present results using our approach.
Blind source separation using second-order cyclostationary statistics (1999)

Blind source separation (BSS) is a fundamental problem in signal processing. This paper introduces new source separation techniques relying only on cyclostationary second-order statistics (SOS). The identifiability condition and several SOS-based separation criteria are presented for the cyclostationary sources. The corresponding algorithms are developed to achieve these criteria. Simulation results illustrate the performances of the proposed techniques.
Large System Analysis of Linear Precoding in MISO Broadcast Channels with Limited Feedback (2009)

In this paper we study the sum rate of zero-forcing (ZF) as well as regularized ZF (RZF) precoding in large MISO broadcast channels, under the assumptions of imperfect channel state information at the transmitter, channel transmit correlation and different user path losses. Our analysis assumes that the number of transmit antennas M and the number of users K are large and of the same order of magnitude. We apply recent results on the empirical spectral distribution of certain kinds of large dimensional random matrices to derive deterministic equivalents for the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the receivers. Based on these results and under sum rate maximization, we evaluate for RZF (i) the optimal precoder, for ZF (ii) the optimal number of active users and (iii) the optimal amount of channel training in TDD multi-user systems. Moreover, we study the achievable sum rate under limited feedback and derive an approximation of the feedback rate required to maintain a given rate offset relative to perfect CSIT. Numerical simulations suggest that the approximations, almost surely exact as M,K→∞, are accurate even for small M,K.
Bearing axis wobble for a dual spin vehicle (1971)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Medicinal Chemistry and the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE): Application of QSAR and Molecular Docking to Drug Discovery (2008)

The search for new compounds with a given biological activity requires enormous effort in terms of manpower and cost. This effort arises from the large number of compounds that need to be synthesized and subsequently biologically evaluated. For this reason the pharmaceutical industry has shown great interest in theoretical methods that enable the rational design of pharmaceutical agents. In the last years bioinformatics has experienced a great evolution due to the development of specialized software and to the increasing computer power. The codification of the structural information of molecules through molecular descriptors and the subsequent data analysis allow establishing QSAR models (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) that can be applied to the design and the virtual screening of new drugs. The development of sophisticated Docking methodologies also allows a more accurate predict of the biological activity of molecules. Moreover, through this type of computational techniques and theoretical approaches, it is possible to develop explanatory hypothesis on the mechanism of action of drugs. This work provides a brief description of a series of studies implemented in the software MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) with particular attention to the medicinal chemistry aspects.
Telescope Constraints On Quasi-Optical Components For Submillimeter Radio Telescopes (1986)

The telescope effective focal length places major constraints upon the ability to design and build low loss quasi-optical components in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength range. In this paper we discuss the principle problems involved in the design of such systems and report measurements of various quasi-optical components at 230 GHz and 460 GHz.
Competitividad y flexibilización laboral en la Argentina de la convertibilidad (2010)

La década de los noventa se caracterizó en nuestro país por un ambicioso conjunto de reformas estructurales conocidas como el Plan de Convertibilidad. Respecto al mismo, hay autores que sostienen que su derrumbe se debió, entre otros aspectos, a la falta de competitividad de la economía argentina (Arriazu 2003, Chudnovsky, López y Propato 2003, Schenone 2003, Beker y Escudé 2007, Tejerio 2001, Lafferriere 2001). Creemos que ello no paso desapercibido por los “hacedores de política” y en el presente trabajo tentaremos analizar las políticas que se emprendieron para afrontar las falencias de competitividad que adolecía el país. La hipótesis central del presente ensayo es que subyacía una noción de competitividad estrecha que desembocó en políticas de flexibilización (desregulación, apertura indiscriminada y flexibilización laboral) que acabaron, al fin, por socavar del todo la competitividad del país y sepultar la sostenibilidad del Plan. Por otro lado, creemos que una visión más realista del fenómeno de la competitividad permite comprender este fracaso y ser guía para que no se cometan símiles errores.
Usos da vigilância e da monitorização em saúde pública (1998)

A vigilncia, porm, um instrumento de menor abrangncia do que a epidemiologia, pois, enquanto a primeira volta-se exclusivamente para o acompanhamento de especficos eventos adversos sade, a epidemiologia entendida como mtodo ou como uma prtica de sade pblica preocupa-se com o processo sade-doena em populaes e seus determinantes. Entre as diferenas mais relevantes entre vigilncia e monitorizao, temos que a vigilncia analisa exclusivamente o comportamento de eventos adversos a sade na comunidade, constituindo uma das aplicaes da epidemiologia em sade pblica, enquanto a monitorizao acompanha indicadores e pode ser utilizada em diferentes reas de atividade como, por exemplo, o acompanhamento de indicadores econmicos, demogrficos, de qualidade ambiental, etc. Entre as semelhanas apresentadas por esses dois instrumentos h a existncia obrigatria de trs componentes: a informao, a anlise e a ampla disseminao da informao analisada a todos que dela necessitam.
POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THAUMASTOCORIS PEREGRINUS IN EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS IN SARDINIA (ITALY) (2018)

Population dynamics and seasonal abundance of Thaumastocoris peregrinus in Eucalyptus plantations in Sardinia (Italy)
Service life assessment of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) based thermal barrier coating through wear behaviour (2023)

Countless research has suggested Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) to be a top candidate for being implemented as thermal barrier coatings (TBC). However, when exposed to prolonged service, temperature and stress variations succeed in initiating a catastrophic phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic structure in Zirconia. Hence, the estimation of endurance for YSZ-based TBC is necessary to minimize failure in such situations. The main purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between tribological investigations and the estimated lifespan of YSZ coatings accurately. The study used various methods such as wear resistance testing, optical profilometry, specific wear rate, and coefficient of friction to estimate the maximum durability of TBCs. The research also provided insights into the composition and microstructure of the TBC system and found the optimized concentration of Yttrium doping to be 3.5 wt %. The study discovered that erosion was the main cause of roughness depreciation from SN to S1000. The estimation of the service life was primarily made based on optical profilometry, specific wear rate (SWR), coefficient of friction (COF) and wear resistance values which were further supported by the results of chemical characterization of the samples through electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results were reliable and accurate and suggested future areas of investigation, such as 3D profilometry for surface roughness and thermal conductivity evaluation using laser-assisted infrared thermometers.