gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A series of poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] copolymers with anthracene‐derived fluorophores showing aggregation‐induced emission properties for bioimaging (2011)

A series of new poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-based amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized through a radical copolymerization of a monomeric/hydrophobic fluorophore possessing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property with N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Influences of the polymer structures with different molar ratios of the AIE fluorophores on their photophysical properties were studied. Results show that the AIE fluorophores aggregate in the cores of the micelles formed from the amphiphilic random copolymers and polymers with more hydrophobic AIE fluorophores facilitate stronger aggregations of the AIE segments to obtain higher quantum efficiencies. The polymers reported herein have good water solubility, enabling the application of hydrophobic AIE materials in biological conditions. The polymers were endocytosed by two experimental cell lines, human brain glioblastoma U87MG cells and human esophagus premalignant CP-A, with a distribution into the cytoplasm. The polymers are non-cytotoxic to the two cell lines at a polymer concentration of 1 mg/mL.
Patients’ Experiences With Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Qualitative Descriptive Study and Concept Elicitation Phase To Inform Measurement of Patient-reported Quality of Life (2020)

SAB/GNB impact QOL among survivors. In particular, SAB had major impacts on multiple QOL domains. A combination of existing, generic measures that are purposefully selected and disease-specific items, if necessary, could best capture these impacts. Engaging patients as stakeholders and obtaining their feedback is crucial to conducting patient-centered clinical trials and providing patient-centered care.
Improving MANET Performance using Cross Layer Design with Location Prediction. (2005)

In 2015, fourteen topics were selected as major research advances in gynecologic oncology. For ovarian cancer, high-level evidence for annual screening with multimodal strategy which could reduce ovarian cancer deaths was reported. The best preventive strategies with current status of evidence level were also summarized. Final report of chemotherapy or upfront surgery (CHORUS) trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced stage ovarian cancer and individualized therapy based on gene characteristics followed. There was no sign of abating in great interest in immunotherapy as well as targeted therapies in various gynecologic cancers. The fifth Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference which was held in November 7-9 in Tokyo was briefly introduced. For cervical cancer, update of human papillomavirus vaccines regarding two-dose regimen, 9-valent vaccine, and therapeutic vaccine was reviewed. For corpus cancer, the safety concern of power morcellation in presumed fibroids was explored again with regard to age and prevalence of corpus malignancy. Hormone therapy and endometrial cancer risk, trabectedin as an option for leiomyosarcoma, endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome, and the radiation therapy guidelines were also discussed. In addition, adjuvant therapy in vulvar cancer and the updated of targeted therapy in gynecologic cancer were addressed. For breast cancer, palbociclib in hormone-receptor-positive advanced disease, oncotype DX Recurrence Score in low-risk patients, regional nodal irradiation to internal mammary, supraclavicular, and axillary lymph nodes, and cavity shave margins were summarized as the last topics covered in this review.
Weakly constrained codes (1997)

The author reports on the performance of a new class of constrained codes, called weakly constrained codes. These codes do not strictly guarantee the imposed channel constraints, but rather generate codewords that violate, with a given (small) probability, the prescribed constraint. Weakly constrained codes are specifically of interest when it is desirable that the code rate R = p/q is very high, requiring codewords of length q &gt; 100.
Supplementary Methods, Tables S1 - S4, Figure S1 from Dietary Nutrient Intake, Ethnicity, and Epigenetic Silencing of Lung Cancer Genes Detected in Sputum in New Mexican Smokers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Association between 139 dietary nutrients and ethnicity (n = 1829)*. Supplementary Table 2. The top ten nutrient measurements in correlation with principal component 2 in either positive or negative direction. Supplementary Table 3. Association between dietary folate intake and risk for methylation (n = 1426)*. Supplementary Table 4. Individual nutrients associated with risk for methylation (n = 1426)*. Supplementary Figure S1. Principal component analysis was conducted based on 101 nutrients with no missing values in 1829 cohort members and identified four principal components that explained 59% of the total variance of nutrients with each one explaining &gt;5% of the variance. This figure included the top nine principal components with each one explaining &gt;2% of the variance. PC = principal component.&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular cloning of cDNA for double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase, a candidate enzyme for nuclear RNA editing. (1994)

We have cloned human cDNA encoding double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase (DRADA). DRADA is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme that converts multiple adenosines to inosines in double-helical RNA substrates without apparent sequence specificity. The A --> I conversion activity of the protein encoded by the cloned cDNA was confirmed by recombinant expression in insect cells. Use of the cloned DNA as a molecular probe documented sequence conservation across mammals and detected a single transcript of 7 kb in RNA of all human tissues analyzed. The deduced primary structure of human DRADA revealed a bipartite nuclear localization signal, three repeats of a double-stranded RNA binding motif, and the presence of sequences conserved in the catalytic center of other deaminases, including a cytidine deaminase involved in the RNA editing of apolipoprotein B. These structural properties are consistent with the enzymatic signature of DRADA, and strengthen the hypothesis that DRADA carries out the RNA editing of transcripts encoding glutamate-gated ion channels in brain.
Development of a multi-physics calculation platform dedicated to irradiation devices in a material testing reactor (2006)

International audience
Synthesis and Nucleophilic Dealkylation of Poly[alkyl-(4-(phenylthio)phenyl)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate]s (1998)

The dealkylation of sulfonium salts with nucleophiles such as halide ions takes place effectively to yield poly(phenylene sulfide). The kinetic analysis by means of UV−vis spectroscopy reveals that the dealkylation proceeds quantitatively to convert the sulfonium bond to a thioether bond. The reaction rate constants of the dealkylation by the halide ions are in the order I- > Br- > Cl-. A propyl substituent on the sulfonium salt results in a lower dealkylation rate than that with methyl substituents, because of the steric hindrance of the propyl group. The demethylation of poly[methyl-(4-(phenylthio)phenyl)sulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate] also proceeds efficiently on soaking thin films in dichloromethane solution containing tetraethylammonium halide for 20 h and results in the formation of a transparent and amorphous poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) film, because the synthetic procedure occurs under the glass transition temperature of PPS (90 °C), although PPS is well-known to be a highly crystalline polymer.
Synthesis and properties of myelopeptides possessing differentiating activity (2010)

The bone marrow myelopeptides Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ile-Met-Thr-Pro (MP-4) and Val-Asp-Pro-Pro (MP-6) have been synthesised by a classical method and by a solid phase synthesis. The differentiating activity of MP-4 and MP-6 in human leukemia cells HL-60 and K-562 has been studied. Both peptides induce terminal differentiation of these cell lines but the mechanism of action of peptides MP-4 and MP-6 is distinguished.
Shaped electrode and lens for a uniform radio-frequency capacitive plasma (2003)

Plasma inhomogeneity caused by standing-wave effects in rf parallel plate reactors can be removed if one of the electrodes is replaced by a shaped electrode. The proposed shape is calculated using Maxwell’s equations in vacuum. In this solution, the electric field has a radially uniform vertical component, and a radial component which remains negligible for a plasma gap small compared to the quarter wavelength. Perturbations to this vacuum solution in presence of a plasma should remain small if the damping length due to dissipation in the plasma is large compared to the reactor radius and if the rf skin depth remains large compared to the plasma thickness.
Miscibility of poly(2,6‐dimethylphenylene oxide) and poly(α‐methylstyrene) or poly(styrene‐co‐α‐methylstyrene) studied by measurements of glass transition temperatures (1990)

Abstract Attempts are reported to interprete quantitatively glass transition measurements for blends of poly(2,6‐dimethylphenylene oxide) (PPO) and poly(styrene‐co‐α‐methylstyrene) or poly(α‐methylstyrene). These blends are found to be miscible over the whole composition and molecular weight ranges. Furthermore, the influence of thermal annealing on the glass transition temperature is studied. It is shown that blends containing poly(α‐methylstyrene) or copolymers are in some cases very sensitive to thermal degradation. By employing FTIR spectroscopy the interactions in PPO/poly(α‐methylstyrene) blends are studied.
정치적인 요인이 기초자치단체의 재정지출에 미치는 영향 (2014)

연구는 2001∼2011년 우리나라의 지방선거결과를 포함하는 정치관련 변수 그리고 기초자치단체 수준의 재정변수 및 여타 사회·경제적인 변수를 포함한 패널 자료를 구축하여, 정치적인 요인이 기초자치단체의 예산에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. Arellano·Bond(1991)가 제안한 동적 패널(dynamic panel) GMM을 이용하여 추정한 결과, 다양한 정치적 요인들이 기초자치단체의 지출에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 지방선거 실시는 기초자치단체의 전체 지출을 약 4% 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 주로 자본지출의 큰 증가에 기인하는 것으로 추정되었다. 아울러, 기초자치단체장의 집권당 여부, 선거의 경쟁도, 소속 정당의 정치적 성향도 기초자치단체의 예산에 대해 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.
Description of Parasitodiplogaster pharmaconema n. sp. and redescription of P. maxinema from Ficus maxima Mill. (Moraceae) (2013)

Parasitodiplogaster species associated with Ficus maxima were surveyed at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Phase B-D syconia were collected from different trees and dissected in distilled water. Because there were different nematode stomatal and male morphotypes observed in a single sycone, nematodes isolated from each fig were observed to determine general morphotype class and stored individually in DNA extraction buffer for accurate morpho/molecular pairing. Additional voucher nematodes were gently heat-treated and fixed in formalin and processed into permanent mounts in dehydrated glycerin for more rigorous morphological examination. The survey yielded two different Parasitodiplogaster species: P. maxinema and P. pharmaconema n. sp. Several morphological characters, e.g. , two long and stick-like teeth in the metastegostom, and stomatal dimorphism (presence of eurystomatous form) which were not previously described, were observed in P. maxinema and are ascribed hereto this species. Parasitodiplogaster pharmaconema n. sp. is morphologically similar to P. maxinema and P. yoponema but can be distinguished from these species based upon stomatal morphology, spicule and gubernaculum morphology, and number and arrangement of male genital papillae.
Repeatable vaporization of optically vaporizable perfluorocarbon droplets for photoacoustic contrast enhanced imaging (2012)

Perflurorocarbon droplets that can be vaporized optically over multiple laser pulse applications are formulated. Photoacoustic contrast agents (PCAs) are important in visualizing molecular targets, deeply seated lesions, and vasculature. A novel PCA consisting of optically vaporizable perfluorocarbon droplets (OPDs) was investigated in this study. It has been reported that OPDs vaporize and emit a unique acoustic signal stronger than that from a light absorber alone, but that it only happened once at the time of vaporization. Our goal is to obtain repeatable vaporization of OPDs in order to sustain a high photoacoustic signal caused by vaporization over multiple laser pulse applications. By changing the contents of droplets to a compound with a higher boiling point, repeatable vaporization was successfully accomplished. Three times higher photoacoustic signals were produced repeatedly by droplets that exhibit transient vaporization behavior, namely PFH droplets within the size range of 0.2-1 μm.
Wafer-scale nanostructure formation inside vertical nano-pores (2017)

We propose a wafer-scale technique for nanostructure formation inside vertically oriented, through-membrane nano-pores. It uses 50 nm monocrystalline silicon pillars as a mold, embedded in a silicon nitride membrane formed in an innovative step. The proposed technique paves the way towards advanced functionalization of parallel oriented nano-pores for actuation, sensing, filtering/trapping purposes.
Acid catalysed alcoholysis of lignocellulose: Towards second generation furan-derivatives (2012)

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Improved coding for image feature location information (2012)

In mobile visual search applications, an image-based query is typically sent from a mobile client to the server. Because of the bit-rate limitations, the query should be as small as possible. When performing image-based retrieval with local features, there are two types of information: the descriptors of the image features and the locations of the image features within the image. Location information can be used to check geometric consistency of the set of features and thus improve the retrieval performance. To compress the location information, location histogram coding is an effective solution. We present a location histogram coder that reduces the bitrate by 2:8x when compared to a fixed-rate scheme and 12:5x when compared to a floating point representation of the locations. A drawback is the large context table which can be difficult to store in the coder and requires large training data. We propose a new sum-based context for coding the location histogram map. We show that it can reduce the context up to 200x while being able to perform just as well as or better than previously proposed location histogram coders.
EarthFinder: A Precise Radial Velocity Probe Mission Concept For the Detection of Earth-Mass Planets Orbiting Sun-like Stars (2018)

EarthFinder is a Probe Mission concept selected for study by NASA for input to the 2020 astronomy decadal survey. This study is currently active and a final white paper report is due to NASA at the end of calendar 2018. We are tasked with evaluating the scientific rationale for obtaining precise radial velocity (PRV) measurements in space, which is a two-part inquiry: What can be gained from going to space? What can't be done form the ground? These two questions flow down to these specific tasks for our study - Identify the velocity limit, if any, introduced from micro- and macro-telluric absorption in the Earth's atmosphere; Evaluate the unique advantages that a space-based platform provides to emable the identification and mitigation of stellar acitivity for multi-planet signal recovery.
Effect of the Direct Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren on Urinary Albumin Excretion in Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetic KK- Mouse (2013)

Objective. Although angiotensin II-mediated inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation are considered to be associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy, these processes have not yet been sufficiently clarified. The objective of this study was to determine whether the correction of the abnormal renal expression of MMPs and its inhibitors (MMPs/TIMPs) and cytokines following the administration of aliskiren to KK-A (y) mice results in a renoprotective effect. Methods. KK-A (y) mice were divided into two groups, that is, untreated (saline) and treated (aliskiren) groups. Systolic BP, HbA1c levels, and the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured. The renal expression of MMPs/TIMPs, fibronectin, type IV collagen, MCP-1, and (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) was examined using real-time PCR and/or immunohistochemical staining. Renal MAPK and NF- κ B activity were also examined by Western blot analyses and ELISA, respectively. Results. Significant decreases in systolic BP and ACR levels were observed in treated KK-A (y) mice compared with the findings in untreated KK-A (y) mice. Furthermore, increases in MMPs/TIMPs, fibronectin, type IV collagen, MCP-1, and (P)RR expression, in addition to MAPK and NF- κ B activity, were significantly attenuated by aliskiren administration. Conclusions. It appears that aliskiren improves albuminuria and renal fibrosis by regulating inflammation and the alteration of collagen synthesis and degradation.
Understanding Causal Effects of Technology on Energy Use Behaviour (2012)

This paper describes a method to design a study in order to understand how feedback affects specific energy behaviour attributes. In social simulation research the use of appropriate theory to establish underlying mechanisms is important and as such the approach in this paper is explained using a theoretical framework. A simulation environment is also developed which takes into account the behavioural framework such that the underlying assumptions in the theory can be tested and expanded. The causal effects of technology on energy consumption behaviour is an important area of smart grid research but has not received any attention in the way of modelling and simulation. The methods described in this paper are being used by a smart home pilot project focusing on domestic energy behaviour.
65 years of ZnO research – old and very recent results (2010)

Abstract The research on ZnO has a long history but experiences an extremely vivid revival during the last 10 years. We critically discuss in this didactical review old and new results concentrating on optical properties but presenting shortly also a few aspects of other fields like transport or magnetic properties. We start generally with the properties of bulk samples, proceed then to epitaxial layers and nanorods, which have in many respects properties identical to bulk samples and end in several cases with data on quantum wells or nano crystallites. Since it is a didactical review, we present explicitly misconceptions found frequently in submitted or published papers, with the aim to help young scientists entering this field to improve the quality of their submitted manuscripts. We finish with an appendix on quasi two‐ and one‐dimensional exciton cavity polaritons.
Multiple Mechanisms Linked to Platelet Activation Result in Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Generation in Blood (2002)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph1P) production was examined in vitro under conditions that simulated blood clotting. Several approaches were utilized to elucidate the metabolic pathways. 1) Platelet phospholipids were labeled using [32P]orthophosphate, and the production of [32P]Sph1P and LPA was examined. Thrombin stimulation of platelets resulted in rapid secretion of Sph1P stored within the platelet. In contrast, LPA was neither stored within nor secreted from platelets. Nonetheless, extracellular levels of LPA gradually increased following stimulation. 2) Stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometry was used to quantify the molecular species of LPA generated from platelets in vitro. Only 10% of the LPA generated following thrombin stimulation was associated with platelets, the remaining 90% was contained within the extracellular medium. The acyl composition of LPA produced by platelets differed depending on the presence or absence of plasma in the incubation. 3) The fate of exogenously added fluorescent phospholipid analogs was determined. Incubation of [(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]dodecanoyl-(NBD)-labeled phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine with the supernatant fractions from thrombin-stimulated platelets yielded no LPA production. However, these lipids were converted to the corresponding lysolipids by released PLA1 and PLA2 activities. When incubated with plasma or serum the NBD-labeled lysophospholipids were readily converted to LPA. Inhibitors of lysophospholipase D and the biological activity of LPA were detected in plasma. These results suggest that the bulk of LPA produced through platelet activation results from the sequential cleavage of phospholipids to lysophospholipids by released phospholipases A1 and A2 and then to LPA by plasma lysophospholipase D.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions. Epoxide Deoxygenation by MoO(Et2dtc)2. (1988)

Abstract The potential use of Mo(VI)‐oxo complexes as catalysts for olefin epoxidation with O 2 is discussed.
Effect of ABCA1 variant on atherogenic dyslipidaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone (2009)

The ABCA1 SNP rs4149263 may be associated with the change in atherogenic lipid profile in Type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone.
Carrier dynamics and photodetection in charge injection transistors (1996)

We study picosecond carrier transport dynamics induced by 200 fs 1.55 μm optical pulses in charge injection transistor structures. We propose and demonstrate a new optoelectronic method for exploring the interactions of hot majority carriers and cold minority carriers, as well as the optical control of real space transfer in these devices. The minority holes photogenerated in the channel produce substantial cooling of the hot-electron majority carriers and lead to the reduction of the real space transfer. The new method also provides a direct measure of the minority carrier lifetime in the transistor channel. These effects are demonstrated in InGaAs-channel devices with both InAlAs and InP barriers. The similarities in the device characteristics are explained in terms of the interaction of photogenerated minority holes with majority electrons in the channel leading to a photoconductor-like drain current and to a reduction in the real space transfer collector current. The differences are attributed to the different conduction and valence band energy offsets between the wide band gap barrier and the low band gap collector and channel layers. Furthermore, the InAlAs-barrier device shows a capability of serving as a practical photodetector with the measured, system-limited recovery speed of ∼5 ps.
Force Feedback Benefit Depends on Experience in Multiple Degree of Freedom Robotic Surgery Task (2007)

Force feedback has been suggested to provide a number of benefits to surgery. Few studies, however, have addressed the benefit of force feedback in the context of the complexities of true surgical tasks. When information is limited (such as depth information in endoscopically guided tasks), force feedback may provide additional information that improves performance. We investigate a two-handed, six degree of freedom, endoscopically guided, minimally invasive cannulation task (inserting one tube into another tube) to test this hypothesis. We used twelve subjects, six of whom were experienced minimally invasive surgeons. Results suggest that force feedback reduces applied forces for both subject groups, but only the surgically trained group can take advantage of this benefit without a significant increase in trial time. We hypothesize that this training difference is due to the interaction between visual-spatial motor abilities and the information contained in the mechanical interaction forces.