gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Big Self-Supervised Models are Strong Semi-Supervised Learners (2020)

One paradigm for learning from few labeled examples while making best use of a large amount of unlabeled data is unsupervised pretraining followed by supervised fine-tuning. Although this paradigm uses unlabeled data in a task-agnostic way, in contrast to common approaches to semi-supervised learning for computer vision, we show that it is surprisingly effective for semi-supervised learning on ImageNet. A key ingredient of our approach is the use of big (deep and wide) networks during pretraining and fine-tuning. We find that, the fewer the labels, the more this approach (task-agnostic use of unlabeled data) benefits from a bigger network. After fine-tuning, the big network can be further improved and distilled into a much smaller one with little loss in classification accuracy by using the unlabeled examples for a second time, but in a task-specific way. The proposed semi-supervised learning algorithm can be summarized in three steps: unsupervised pretraining of a big ResNet model using SimCLRv2, supervised fine-tuning on a few labeled examples, and distillation with unlabeled examples for refining and transferring the task-specific knowledge. This procedure achieves 73.9% ImageNet top-1 accuracy with just 1% of the labels ($\le$13 labeled images per class) using ResNet-50, a $10\times$ improvement in label efficiency over the previous state-of-the-art. With 10% of labels, ResNet-50 trained with our method achieves 77.5% top-1 accuracy, outperforming standard supervised training with all of the labels.
Suivi par holographie en ligne d'une bulle soumise à un champ ultrasonore (2022)

International audience
On the organic combination of public ownership and market economy (2018)

Purpose Since the implementation of reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievement in terms of economic reform and development. China’s path, as well as its experience, has simultaneously gained worldwide concerns. Developing the market economy against the backdrop of socialism brings conclusions from China’s achievement, deepens knowledge of China’s pathway and builds a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. That is the way to realise a basic socialist system, especially with regards to the organic integration of public ownership and market economy. This combination determines the future of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the success or failure of economic restructuring. Therefore, it requires consideration and in-depth study. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The goal of economic restructuring is to establish and develop the socialist market economy. Its main content can be summarised in two parts. The first is the relationship between plan and market or government and market. The second is compatibility or combination of public ownership and market economy. The former is one of the superficial problems, relevant to resource allocation method or economic operation mechanism. The latter stems from deep-rooted problems, represented by ownership or the underlying economic system. These two work together to form the organic integrity of socialist market economy where both similarities and contrasts coexist. Findings The shared ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the lofty goals of communism will then become empty words. In this sense we can say that, whether we can realise the unity and opposition between public ownership and market economy and better integrate advantages of socialist system with strengths of market economy, will to a large extent determine the future and destiny of the socialist market economy. Originality/value As previously mentioned, the relationship between plan and market or government and market are part of resource allocation methods or economic operation mechanism. Compatibility and combination, however, with public ownership and market economy are part of an ownership or basic economic system. Science reveals the nature and developmental law of the socialist market economy. An in-depth study must be conducted on the relationship between public ownership and market economy.
Translation and characterization of messenger RNAs in differentiating chicken cartilage. (1979)

Total RNA, prepared from chicken limb bud cultures undergoing differentiation to cartilage, has been translated in a wheat germ cell-free protein-synthesizing system. Antibodies against chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein immunoprecipitate a single component which migrates as a protein of 340,000 daltons in sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. The messenger RNA for this protein sediments at approximately 27 S in 70% formamide or aqueous sucrose gradients. The 340,000-dalton protein is present in cell-free translation products directed by RNA prepared from limb bud cultures and sternae and is absent in cell-free translation directed by RNA prepared from embryonic calvaria or liver. The level of synthesis of this protein is greatly reduced when RNA prepared from limb bud cultures inhibited from differentiation by BrdUrd is used. (Pre)pro alpha 1(I), -alpha 2(I), and -alpha 1(II) collagen bands have been identified on gels by electrophoresis of collagenase-digested or immunoprecipitated cell-free translation products directed by RNA from differentiating limb bud cultures, embryonic sternae, and embryonic calvaria.
Two New Syntheses of the Pyranojuglone Pigment α‐Caryopterone (1985)

Abstract By a simple process, 3‐methoxyjuglone (= 8‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone; 9 ) has been synthesized from 1,2,4‐trimethoxybenzene ( 5 ) and converted, after prenylation, to α‐caryopterone ( 1 ; Scheme 1 ), a pyranojuglone pigment from Caryopteris clandonensis . On the other hand, juglone (= 5‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone; 12 ) was regioselectively prenylated at C(2) via its 1‐methoxy‐cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene adduct 15 (Scheme 2) . The 2‐prenyljuglone ( 4 ) thus formed led to 1 after oxidation and other reactions.
The mechanical activation as an efficient method for the improvement of perovskit technology (2019)

The effect of high-voltage mechanical energy of planetary mill on a solid hydrated product isolated by the treatment of perovskite with nitric acid has been established. The transformation includes several physicochemical steps such as dispersion of the particles, amorphization of their surface and formation of structural defects. It leads to approximately twofold increases in the specific surface area and porosity of the particles. The best result of mechanical activation was achieved at rotation speed of 650 rpm for 4-5 hours due to high hardness of rutile and anatase contained in hydrated products. The mechanical activation markedly increases the chemical activity of the hydrated product at the step of treatment with sulfuric acid of 700-900 g/l H2SO4. The kinetic curves show the reduction in time of the induction period due to increasing in the dissolution rate of the amorphous layer in the hydrated product particles. Also the extraction of TiO2 into sulfuric acid liquid phase up to 85 % and 76 % respectively, depending on the conditions (in air atmosphere or in an autoclave). At the concentration of 700 g/l H2SO4 a stable liquid system is observed without any sulphate precipitates. Increase in H2SO4 concentration up to 900 g/l markedly accelerates the extraction process. However, increased acidity reduces the stability of the system and promotes formation of TiOSO4•H2O compound in the. The obtained results can be used to improve the nitric-sulfuric acid technology of perovskite.
Development of a Solid-State Methanol Fuel Classified as Non-Dangerous Goods for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) (2007)

A Solid-State Methanol fuel with improved safety and portability has been developed by applying clathrate compound technology to liquid methanol for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC).
Protective Effect of Buckwheat Polyphenols Against Long-Lasting Impairment of Spatial Memory Associated With Hippocampal Neuronal Damage in Rats Subjected to Repeated Cerebral Ischemia (2004)

In the present experiment, we studied the action of buckwheat polyphenol (BWP, from Fagopyrum esculentum MOENCH) in a repeated cerebral ischemia model, which induced a strong and long-lasting impairment of spatial memory in 8-arm radial maze with hippocampal CA1 cell death in rats. BWP (600 mg/kg, continuous 21-day p.o.) significantly ameliorated not only the impairment of spatial memory in the 8-arm radial maze, but also necrosis and TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 area subjected to repeated cerebral ischemia (10 min x 2 times occlusion, 1-h interval) in rats. In order to investigate the mechanism of BWP protective action, we measured the release of glutamate and NO(x)(-) (NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-)) production induced by repeated cerebral ischemia in the rat dorsal hippocampus using microdialysis. A 14-day BWP treatment significantly inhibited the excess release of glutamate after the second occlusion. In addition, the BWP remarkably suppressed a delayed increase in NO(x)(-) (NO(2)(-) + NO(3)(-)) induced by repeated cerebral ischemia in the dorsal hippocampus as determined in vivo by microdialysis. However, the 14-day treatment did not affect hippocampal blood flow in either intact rats or rats subjected to repeated ischemia measured by lasser Doppler flowmeter. These results suggested that BWP might ameliorate spatial memory impairment by inhibiting glutamate release and the delayed generation of NO(x)(-) in rats subjected to repeated cerebral ischemia.
Implicación de TLR4 en la neurorreparación tras ictus isquémico experimental (2014)

El ictus isquemico es la segunda causa de muerte y discapacidad en todo el mundo. Pero, pese a sus consecuencias devastadoras, actualmente la unica terapia efectiva aprobada es la recanalizacion del vaso ocluido por medio de la administracion intravenosa de rt-PA (activador del plasminogeno tisular recombinante) para la fase aguda del ictus, solo accesible para el 5 por ciento de los pacientes. Por lo que se hace imprescindible el desarrollo de nuevas terapias neuroprotectoras y neurorreparadoras para combatir la enfermedad. El sistema inmune, promoviendo la respuesta inflamatoria, participa en el dano cerebral producido por la isquemia. De hecho, se ha demostrado la implicacion del receptor TLR4, un receptor con un papel fundamental en la activacion del sistema inmune, en el dano cerebral agudo. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el papel de TLR4 sobre la neurogenesis en condiciones patologicas, estudiando la proliferacion, migracion y diferenciacion tras ictus isquemico, y la influencia de la edad en este proceso, ya que es el principal factor de riesgo para sufrir un ictus. Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo ocluyendo de forma permanente la arteria cerebral media (MCAO) en ratones deficientes para TLR4 y otros que lo expresaban de forma normal. Nuestros resultados indican que, ante el mismo tamano de infarto, la deficiencia de TLR4 aumenta la proliferacion celular en la zona subventricular (ZSV), retrasa la migracion de neuroblastos e incrementa el numero de nuevas interneuronas corticales tras producirse la isquemia. Tambien se vio que la edad, sin variar el tamano de la lesion, aumenta la proliferacion microglial en la corteza peri-infarto y la infiltracion de neutrofilos. Y no solo inhibe la proliferacion celular en la ZSV sino que tambien bloquea la migracion de neuroblastos al area danada y reduce el numero de nuevas interneuronas. En resumen, nuestros resultados indican que TLR4 posee un doble papel en el ictus, mediando el dano cerebral en la fase aguda y promoviendo neurogenesis en la fase cronica, mientras que la edad puede tener efectos deletereos en ambas fases del ictus, alterando la progresion del dano cerebral y retrasando o disminuyendo la neurogenesis. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de usar animales viejos para los estudios de translacion a la clinica.
New Drug Interactions with Zidovudine (1997)

Polypharmacy is commonly encountered in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, and the risk and frequency of drug-drug interactions are significant in this patient population. Most HIV-positive patients receive the antiretroviral drug zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, ZDV), the first drug to be approved for the treatment of HIV. Many drug interactions with ZDV have already been reported. As HIV pharmacotherapy becomes more complex, the potential for drug-drug interactions is likely to increase significantly.
A Satellite-Based Remote-Sensing Framework to Quantify the Upwelling Radiation Due to Tropical Cyclones (2021)

We present a framework to quantify the radiation from tropical cyclones (TCs) in shortwave (SW, wavelength smaller than 3 micron) and longwave (LW, wavelength larger than 3 micron) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The framework includes two stages: segmentation of TC clouds and calculation of the radiation effects attributable to TC clouds. The segmentation task is accomplished by an algorithm which takes a time series of brightness temperature images of TCs and uses image processing techniques to acquire segmentation for each image in a semisupervised manner. The radiation is calculated by combining the segmentation results with the cloud and earth's radiant energy system dataset via a coordinate-matching scheme due to their difference in resolution. The framework was implemented to analyze the net contribution of TCs to the upwelling radiation in 2016 and in summer months between 2015 and 2019 at regional and global scales. Results show that both the magnitude and the variability of radiation contribution by TCs are of an order of magnitude that could have a significant effect on the overall earth's energy balance.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Enrichment of a Population of Mammary Gland Cells that Form Mammospheres and Have <i>In vivo</i> Repopulating Activity (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Enrichment of a Population of Mammary Gland Cells that Form Mammospheres and Have &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Repopulating Activity
Low serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone may cause deficient IL-2 production by lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (1995)

The principal cause of IL-2 deficiency, a common feature of both murine lupus and human SLE, remains obscure. Recent studies of our own as well as others have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an intermediate compound in testosterone synthesis, significantly up-regulates IL-2 production of T cells, and that administration of exogenous DHEA or IL-2 via a vaccinia construct to murine lupus dramatically reverses their clinical autoimmune diseases. Thus, we have examined serum levels of DHEA in patients with SLE to test whether abnormal DHEA activity is associated with IL-2 deficiency of the patients. We found that nearly all of the patients examined have very low levels of serum DHEA. The decreased DHEA levels were not simply a reflection of a long term corticosteroid treatment which may cause adrenal atrophy, since serum samples drawn at the onset of disease, which are devoid of corticosteroid treatment, also contained low levels of DHEA. In addition, exogenous DHEA restored impaired IL-2 production of T cells from patients with SLE in vitro. These results indicate that defects of IL-2 synthesis of patients with SLE are at least in part due to the low DHEA activity in the serum.
Schools can't do it alone (2009)

The barriers that schools face in improving educational outcomes of homeless young people are discussed. It is suggested that schools cannot succeed alone in the goal, and should work together in a local- or place-based approach for a collaborative delivery of services such as health and welfare for at-risk young people.
Photonuclear reactions on molybdenum isotopes (2014)

The results of experimentally and theoretically studying the photodisintegration of molybdenum isotopes are presented. The yields of various photonucleon reactions on stable molybdenum isotopes were determined by the gamma-activation method. Use was made of bremsstrahlung photons from an electron accelerator that were characterized by the endpoint energies of 19.5, 29.1, and 67.7 MeV. Reactions involving the emission of up to three nucleons from the target nucleus were observed. The experimental results in question were compared with theoretical predictions based on the combined photonucleon-reaction model and obtained for 15 molybdenum isotopes. The relations between basic photonucleon reactions on the molybdenum isotopes considered in our present study were explained.
Convergent and divergent approaches to metallocentric metallodendrimers (1996)

Approaches to metallodendrimers which have a metal as the central growth point are developed; although a divergent methodology was not successful a convergent approach allows the facile synthesis of species such as 514+ and 614+ in high yield.
Peripheral Nerve Resident Macrophages and Schwann Cells Mediate Cancer-Induced Pain (2021)

Although macrophages (MΦ) are known to play a central role in neuropathic pain, their contribution to cancer pain has not been established. Here we report that depletion of sciatic nerve resident MΦs (rMΦ) in mice attenuates mechanical/cold hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain evoked by intraplantar injection of melanoma or lung carcinoma cells. MΦ-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was upregulated in the sciatic nerve trunk and mediated cancer-evoked pain via rMΦ expansion, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation, and oxidative stress. Targeted deletion of <i>Trpa1</i> revealed a key role for Schwann cell TRPA1 in sciatic nerve rMΦ expansion and pain-like behaviors. Depletion of rMΦs in a medial portion of the sciatic nerve prevented pain-like behaviors. Collectively, we identified a feed-forward pathway involving M-CSF, rMΦ, oxidative stress, and Schwann cell TRPA1 that operates throughout the nerve trunk to signal cancer-evoked pain. SIGNIFICANCE: Schwann cell TRPA1 sustains cancer pain through release of M-CSF and oxidative stress, which promote the expansion and the proalgesic actions of intraneural macrophages. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/12/3387/F1.large.jpg.
Magnetic properties of some spin-crossover, high-spin, and low-spin cobalt(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from 3-formylsalicylic acid (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic properties of some spin-crossover, high-spin, and low-spin cobalt(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from 3-formylsalicylic acidJacqueline Zarembowitch and Olivier KahnCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 5, 589–593Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00173a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00173a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1300Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recovery of drug-resistant influenza A virus during therapeutic use of rimantadine (1991)

The therapeutic activity of rimantadine and its relationship to the shedding of drug-resistant influenza A virus were assessed in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving patients with laboratory-documented influenza A virus (H3N2 subtype) illness of 2 days' duration or less. In a family-based study, rimantadine treatment for 10 days (24 children and adults) was associated with significant decreases in the number of days to a 50% reduction in symptoms (mean difference, 2.5 days), days of fever (1.6 days), and days of restricted activity (1.5 days) compared with the results obtained with placebo-treated patients (32 children and adults). Drug-resistant virus was recovered from eight (33%) of the rimantadine recipients on day 5. No differences in patient demographics or illness severity at the time of enrollment in the study were apparent between those who shed resistant virus and those who did not. Illness resolution tended to be slower in those who shed resistant virus compared with that in those who did not. In a study of adults treated for 5 days (six treated with rimantadine, six treated with placebo), resistant virus was recovered in three rimantadine recipients by day 3 of treatment. The results indicate that drug-resistant influenza A virus (H3N2) can be recovered from rimantadine-treated children and adults as early as 2 days after starting treatment, but that rimantadine retains a net therapeutic benefit compared with that of placebo.
Use of Novel Boronic Acid Transition State Inhibitors To Probe Substrate Affinity in SHV-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (2007)

Boronic acid transition state inhibitors (BATSIs) with R1 side chains of cefotaxime and ceftazidime were assayed against SHV-1, SHV-2, SHV-5, D104K, and D104K G238S beta-lactamases. The D104K variant was the most susceptible to inhibition by the ceftazidime BATSI (Ki, 730+/-80 nM), while the D104K G238S variant was the most susceptible to the cefotaxime BATSI (Ki, 1.1+/-0.2 microM).
3D Imaging using mmWave 5G Signals (2020)

The ability to create and steer beams, and the availability of large bandwidths have opened up the possibility of using mmWave 5G networks for radar-like sensing applications. In this paper, we introduce a signal processing pipeline that is able to process reflected OFDM-based communications waveforms and create radar images without affecting communications protocols or data throughput. An experimental demonstration system for this concept comprising a prototype basestation transmitter and an auxiliary imaging receiver is also presented. These two components are implemented with Si-based 28-GHz, 64-element phased array transceiver modules and software-defined radios. Measurement results show 3D radar images of indoor scenes with 2° angular and 15 cm ranging resolution using 5G-like communications waveforms at 28-GHz, without any effect on communication functionality.