gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave nonlinearity and photoresponse of superconducting resonators with columnar defect micro-channels (2014)

Micro-channels of nanosized columnar tracks were planted by heavy-ion irradiation into superconducting microwave microstrip resonators that were patterned from YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films on LaAlO3 substrates. Three different ion fluences were used, producing different column densities, with each fluence having a successively greater impact on the nonlinearity of the device, as compared to a control sample. Photoresponse images made with a 638 nm rastered laser beam revealed that the channel is a location of enhanced photoresponse and a hot spot for the generation of intermodulation distortion. The microwave photoresponse technique was also advanced in this work by investigating the role of coupling strength on the distribution of photoresponse between inductive and resistive components.
Biomarkers for Monitoring Adverse Health Effects of Air Pollution in Humans (2013)

Institute of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 380009,Gujarat, IndiaUrbanization and rapid industrialization in developing countries like India, have led to deterioration in the air quality.The adverse effects of air pollution are far reaching ranging from pulmonary disease to even cancer. With the vastsub-continent having varied topography and climatic conditions as well as lifestyles, dietary habits and socio-economicdifferences, exposure outcomes in humans are affected by these factors. Biomarkers of exposure, effect and susceptibilityhave been used to understand the development of disease due to air pollution in occupationally/environmentally exposedhuman population and to identify/monitor high risk individuals so that preventive measures can be implemented. Thisreview outlines the current scenario of the use of biomarkers in human monitoring studies in India, to comprehend theeffects of air pollution.
Supplemental Figure 5 from Identification of Novel Radiosensitizers in a High-Throughput, Cell-Based Screen for DSB Repair Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of the GFP-based DSB repair assay panel using known DSB repair inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of a C1s Inhibitor on the Efficacy of Anti-Capsular Antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae (2019)

Terminal complement pathway inhibition at the level of C5 alleviates symptoms of several diseases associated with complement overactivation. However, C5 blockade is associated with an increased risk of invasive meningococcal disease despite immunization. Targeting specific complement pathways proximal to C5 provides the theoretical advantage of leaving the other pathways (including the terminal pathway) intact for immune surveillance. We aimed to address the risk of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infections when inhibiting the classical pathway (CP) using a specific C1s inhibitor (TNT005). Addition of TNT005 to 20% normal human serum that contained anti-meningococcal capsular Ab decreased C4 deposition 8-fold and abrogated killing of <i>N. meningitidis</i>, despite leaving C3 deposition intact. TNT005 impaired killing of <i>N. meningitidis</i> in 78% nonimmune human plasma and 78% whole blood but permitted killing in both when specific anti-capsular Ab was added. Simultaneously inhibiting both the CP and alternative pathway (AP) blocked killing of Ab-coated <i>N. meningitidis</i> in whole blood. Blocking the AP alone abrogated C3 deposition, whereas TNT005 only partially inhibited (∼40% decrease) C3 deposition on <i>S. pneumoniae</i> coated with anti-capsular Ab. Blocking either the CP or AP alone did not impair killing of pneumococci in whole blood containing specific Ab (<10% survival at 3 h); however, blocking both pathways resulted in ∼35% bacterial survival. These data suggest that killing of <i>N. meningitidis</i> or <i>S. pneumoniae</i> in whole blood containing specific anti-capsular Abs is unimpeded by TNT005. Meningococcal and pneumococcal capsular conjugate vaccines may mitigate risk of these infections in patients receiving C1s inhibitors.
Various outcomes of cholinesterase inhibitor treatment influence survival of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

Objectives: Various outcomes of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) therapy have been observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is not clear whether the duration of treatment, type of ChEI, or dose affect mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between ChEI therapy and patient survival. Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study (SATS) is a prospective, observational, multicentre study to evaluate long-term treatment with ChEIs in clinical practice. This study included 1021 outpatients with a clinical diagnosis of mild-to-moderate AD (Mini-Mental State Examination score, 10–26) at the start of ChEI treatment (shortly after diagnosis). The date of death of participants was recorded. Results: After up to 16 years of follow-up, 841 (82%) of the patients in the SATS had died. The mean ± standard deviation time from diagnosis of AD to death was 6.0 ± 2.9 years, and differed between individuals with varying durations of ChEI treatment in the study, from 7.2 ± 2.5 years (3-year completers) to 4.9 ± 2.9 years (<1 year) (P<0.001). Patients who received a higher mean dose of ChEIs during the study had a longer lifespan than those who received a lower dose (6.4 ± 2.9 vs 5.5 ± 2.8 years; P<0.001). The median cutoff values were donepezil 6.9 mg, rivastigmine 6.0 mg, and galantamine 15.0 mg. No difference in mortality between the types of ChEIs was found after adjusting for sex, age, and disease severity. Conclusions: Longer survival can be expected for AD patients who receive and tolerate higher ChEI doses and a longer duration of treatment.
SELFSIM: A Discrete-Event Simulator for Distributed Self-Stabilizing Algorithms (2018)

A self-stabilizing distributed system can initially start at any state and regain a legal state in a finite time without any external intervention. Self-stabilizing systems can automatically recover from faults and they are popular fault tolerant systems. Simulating self-stabilizing systems is a vital task in case of fault-tolerant distributed networks where node and edge updates can be frequent. A discrete-event simulation is a method of simulating the behavior and performance of an algorithm running on a distributed system. To the best of our knowledge, there are few simulators for self-stabilizing distributed algorithms in literature where these simulators are generally outdated and hard to use. In this paper we propose a novel distributed self-stabilizing discrete-event simulator (SELFSIM). SELFSIM is written in C# programming language on .NET Framework and supports up-to-date principles of software development techniques such as separation of concerns. We give the design and implementation of the proposed simulator and compare SELFSIM with its counterparts by considering various parameters such as supported node count (scalability), topological features, daemon (scheduler) types, etc., and show the superiority of our simulator.
Taxonomy of firmware Trojans in smart grid devices (2016)

The modernization of the electric grid, utilizing advances in information technologies, has uncovered opportunities for improved communication and efficiency of power systems. While this smart grid environment offers significant economic and reliability benefits, it has also divulged a substantial range of cyber attack issues. Attacks on embedded microprocessor-based devices, like Stuxnet, have demonstrated that the firmware of control equipment can be susceptible to security breaches able to cause great damage to the system. Despite the numerous studies on power systems security, researchers do not have a representative set of benchmarks and taxonomy classes to be able to develop proper detection and mitigation strategies against such attacks. To this end, we provide a taxonomy for firmware Trojans and develop firmware Trojan benchmark cases for four devices commonly found in smart grid deployments.
Robust Orchestration of Concurrent Application Workflows in Mobile\n Device Clouds (2017)

A hybrid mobile/fixed device cloud that harnesses sensing, computing,\ncommunication, and storage capabilities of mobile and fixed devices in the\nfield as well as those of computing and storage servers in remote datacenters\nis envisioned. Mobile device clouds can be harnessed to enable innovative\npervasive applications that rely on real-time, in-situ processing of sensor\ndata collected in the field. To support concurrent mobile applications on the\ndevice cloud, a robust and secure distributed computing framework, called\nMaestro, is proposed. The key components of Maestro are (i) a task scheduling\nmechanism that employs controlled task replication in addition to task\nreallocation for robustness and (ii) Dedup for task deduplication among\nconcurrent pervasive workflows. An architecture-based solution that relies on\ntask categorization and authorized access to the categories of tasks is\nproposed for different levels of protection. Experimental evaluation through\nprototype testbed of Android- and Linux-based mobile devices as well as\nsimulations is performed to demonstrate Maestro's capabilities.\n
The Confederate Regular Army. (1992)

Journal Article The Confederate Regular Army. By Richard P. Weinert, Jr. (Shippensburg: White Mane, 1991. viii + 135 pp. $24.95, ISBN 0-942597-21-4.) Get access The Confederate Regular Army. By Weinert, Jr Richard P.. (Shippensburg: White Mane, 1991. viii + 135 pp. $24.95, ISBN 0-942597-21-4.) Thomas J. Legg Thomas J. Legg College of William > and Mary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 79, Issue 1, June 1992, Page 281, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078547 Published: 01 June 1992
Drilling Hazard Mitigation Technologies Key in Eliminating Non-Productive Time in Challenging Wells (2010)

Abstract Cost overruns can easily manifest during well construction because of unexpected issues including lost returns, differential sticking, and narrow pore pressure/fracture gradients. To better plan for potential overruns, operators sometimes earmark 10 to 25% of the Authorization for Expenditures (AFE) to cover the unexpected costs, which can significantly affect drilling budgets. Technical and operational risks versus the potential return on investment (ROI) are critical factors in determining whether a project will proceed. Too often the best drilling practices used to address trouble zones are limited to a few conventional methods with a narrow range of effectiveness. Also, a lack of rock mechanics knowledge can prevent the most efficient solution being applied. Some operators are implementing planning programs that assess and integrate the latest processes and technologies to address drilling risks up-front. Cutting-edge technologies such as managed pressure drilling methods, drilling with casing, drilling with liners, and solid expandable casing have been highly effective. Implementing proactive evaluation processes and applying the latest tools and techniques can efficiently address operational risks and trouble zones to ultimately reduce nonproductive time (NPT) and associated costs. Employing common practices and technologies that are typically ineffective and that drive up NPT cost should be considered unacceptable. Common-sense, well-construction evaluation processes that are used with validated conventional and new technologies have proven their worth by reducing expenditures and risks—preventing the loss of wells and increasing the operator’s ROI. This paper reviews real drilling challenges that have been encountered and the common practices that were employed to address these drilling hazards. Also this paper compares and contrasts how these same circumstances have and can be addressed much more efficiently with engineering evaluation processes that help determine the best drilling tool and/or technique to mitigate risks and reduce NPT.
Publisher Correction: Intrinsic activation of cell growth and differentiation in ex vivo cultured human hair follicles by a transient endogenous production of ROS (2019)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Declarative Task Description as a User-Interface Structuring Mechanism (1984)

One of the problems that often faces the user of a large software system is a lack of uniformity or consistency in the user interface. Responses that elicit the desired system behavior in one context may fail completely in another— often accompanied by an obscure error message. As a result, the user may be well aware that the user interface is a disparate collection of programs written by different programmers, each with a different view on interface design. A related problem faces developers of an application intended to fit into an existing system. All too often they have to construct “system-tailored,” low-level user interface routines, usually without the benefit of the facilities and documentation available to the original system developers. This situation almost encourages the disorder and inconsistency that so often plagues an end user. We have adopted the view that these problems arise primarily when implicit knowledge about individual tasks is encoded in the user interface. What results is an unclear separation between actual computations involved in the execution of a task and data acquisitions (often from an end user) needed to execute a task. We have therefore experimented with a system design in which the user interface has a minimal a priori knowledge of individual tasks. The interface has facilities for acquiring data using interaction mechanisms relevant to a particular task domain but has no knowledge of any particular task in that domain. To effect this separation, we have used hierarchical, symbolic descriptions of computation of the type that has been applied in automatic programming, fault diagnosis, and digital hardware design. These descriptions incorporate a modular, object-oriented encapsulation of the information necessary to execute a task, an explicit representation of control and data flow, a formal description of the function, and the facilities for viewing computation at a number of levels of abstraction. Existing formalisms, however, have not been generated with the user interface in mind. Several types of input data information are usefully added for the purpose of structuring the user interface. For example, producing extensive descriptions of input data for the user interface has a two-fold result: the descriptions function as both constraints on the input data and as guidelines to the user interface concerning appropriate interaction mechanisms. The advantages of this approach to user interface design are:
Macroglia-Microglia Interactions via TSPO Signaling Regulates Microglial Activation in the Mouse Retina (2014)

Chronic retinal inflammation in the form of activated microglia and macrophages are implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases of the retina, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. However, molecular biomarkers and targeted therapies for immune cell activation in these disorders are currently lacking. To address this, we investigated the involvement and role of translocator protein (TSPO), a biomarker of microglial and astrocyte gliosis in brain degeneration, in the context of retinal inflammation. Here, we find that TSPO is acutely and specifically upregulated in retinal microglia in separate mouse models of retinal inflammation and injury. Concomitantly, its endogenous ligand, diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is upregulated in the macroglia of the mouse retina such as astrocytes and Müller cells. In addition, we discover that TSPO-mediated signaling in microglia via DBI-derived ligands negatively regulates features of microglial activation, including reactive oxygen species production, TNF-α expression and secretion, and microglial proliferation. The inducibility and effects of DBI-TSPO signaling in the retina reveal a mechanism of coordinated macroglia-microglia interactions, the function of which is to limit the magnitude of inflammatory responses after their initiation, facilitating a return to baseline quiescence. Our results indicate that TSPO is a promising molecular marker for imaging inflammatory cell activation in the retina and highlight DBI-TSPO signaling as a potential target for immodulatory therapies.
Totally Automated Analysis by Robotized PrepStation and Liquid Chromatography: Direct-Sample Analysis of Felbamate (1996)

A totally automated analysis of felbamate was developed by using a robotized PrepStation for extraction, followed by automated liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis and data reduction. This is one of the newer direct-sample analysis approaches by LC. Felbamate was a previously approved antiepileptic agent used to treat partial seizures with and without generalization and to treat Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in pediatric patients. However, due to the reported incidences of aplastic anemia, its clinical application was recently restricted to the treatment of the latter syndrome. The automated assay using Bench Supervisor, PrepStation, and LC, based on a previously developed manual method, used 200 microliters of serum standards, quality control, or patients' plasma. These were mixed with 600 microliters of internal standard (IS) W509 dissolved in acetonitrile for protein precipitation. After axial centrifugation and standing, aliquots of the clear supernatant were transferred and washed with hexane. Aliquots of the supernatant were transferred and injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). HPLC parameters included an mu Bondapak C-18 column, phosphate/acetonitrile (8:2) as mobile phase, and detection at 214 nm. Retention times were 2.9 and 4.2 min for felbamate and IS, respectively. Calibration was linear for concentrations from 10 to 200 mg/L with r > 0.994. Precision studies showed coefficients of variation ranging from 2.7% to 8.8%. Correlation with the manual method showed that r = 0.934, slope = 1.048, intercept = -2.642, and n = 21. Phenobarbital coeluted with the IS. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a robotized, automated method for monitoring felbamate, readily extended to monitoring other antiepileptic drugs with minimal modification.
Fast chip-level OPC system on mask database (1997)

A fast chip-level automatic optical proximity effect correction (OPC) method has been newly developed for use in ULSI device fabrication. The method here is dedicated for random logic application specific IC (ASIC) devices to improve critical dimension control in lithography process with a design rule of 0.25 micrometer and below. The newly developed OPC method applies rule based correction performed on a mask database (database constructed by a mask data format for mask writing tools). Utilizing OPC onto such database can reduce elapsed time to prepare OPCed one chip layout data significantly. Here, in succession, data compaction is performed on the database as well with a has tabled internal data hierarchy. As a result, actual elapsed correction time with data compaction for a 0.25 micrometer ASIC device wiring layer was within 3 hours, and data size after OPC was about 50 Mbytes. In terms of pattern printing accuracy with this OPC, resist edge placement errors were markedly reduced with respect to line end shortening and pattern width variation depending on the adjacent space width. In this paper, the OPC method is described in detail with actual performance applied for 0.25 micrometer ASIC devices.
"Condidatus comitans," a Bacterium Living in Coculture with Chondromyces crocatus (Myxobacteria) (1996)

We describe the phylogenetic position and some taxonomically relevant characteristics of a small pleomorphic gram-negative bacterium that was cocultured with some strains of the myxobacterium Chondromyces crocatus that were isolated from the same geographic and ecological habitat. A 16S ribosomal DNA analysis revealed that the companion was a member of the "Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides" complex and was most closely related to members of the genus Sphingobacterium. The results of a fatty acid analysis, an isoprenoid composition analysis, and a DNA G+C content analysis and the presence of sphingolipids confirmed that this bacterium is affiliated with the genus Sphingobacterium. As the companion bacterium survived for only a few generations on solid media and could not be maintained in pure culture, we assign to this novel taxon that lives in close association with the myxobacterium C. crocatus Candidatus status as "Candidatus comitans."
Comparison of weight loss with short term dietary and intragastric balloon treatment. (1989)

Treatment of 41 morbidly obese patients with a 3.34 mega joule diet has been compared with the same dietary regime together with an intragastric balloon. After eight weeks of closely supervised dietary regime a free floating silicone intragastric balloon with a capacity of 500 ml was inserted and the patient advised to adhere to the same diet for a further eight weeks. Thirty four patients completed the study. Forty eight per cent lost weight during the period compared with 97% during balloon treatment. The mean weight loss with diet alone was 1.9 (3) kg compared with 7.5 (4.1) kg with the balloon (p less than 0.001). Apart from postinsertion vomiting, which resolved by 72 hours, there were no gastric complications associated with the balloon. This study indicates that, in the short term at least, the intragastric balloon can improve on weight loss achieved by diet alone.
Purity Analysis by Dynamic and Isothermal Step Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1984)

The determination of the purity of crystalline materials by measurement of melting point depression is a well established calorimetric technique. Purity analysis by both dynamic and isothermal step differential scanning calorimetry is considered. The limitations in applying the dilute solution van't Hoff theory to the results of dynamic heat flow measurements are discussed. The two widely used procedures for linearizing the sample temperature-reciprocal liquid fraction data relationship, (T − 1/F), namely, the trial and error, and the Sondack methods are compared. Analytical procedures for materials which decompose or exhibit phase changes during or subsequent to melting are discussed. The precision and accuracy of the dynamic method is demonstrated using data obtained with a three component model system, namely, a pure phenacetin host doped with known amounts of benzamide and p-aminobenzoic acid. The advantages and disadvantages of the equilibrium melting isothermal step method are presented. Providing due allowance is made for the sample heat capacity contribution to the step-wise fusion enthalpy, the T − 1/F relationship is linear over a wide range of 1/F-values, and impurity levels up to 10 mol % may be determined. Examples using the benzamide doped phenacetin system are presented to demonstrate this contention.
Gene expression profile, pathways, and transcriptional system regulation in indolent systemic mastocytosis (2010)

We were able to find abnormalities in gene expression in peripheral blood cells of patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis and to construct a gene expression profile which may be useful in clinical practice to predict the presence of mastocytosis and in further research of novel drugs.