gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MP-1™ Polyimide for Medical Devices: 1. Pre Clinical Studies (2019)

Due to constant increase in human life expectancy, more people require primary and revision total hip replacement surgeries, costing billions of US$ per year. Currently used ceramic on X-linked Polyethylene appears to be the best choice by default, but it still wears. The wear particles generated, are the major cause of osteolysis and joint failure. During 2011-14, leading orthopedic companies suffered global recalls of their MoM hip systems resulting in thousands of revision surgeries. The search continues for new and more durable materials bearing materials. Developments in medical technology have increased the demand for advanced materials due to aging population, advanced medical procedures and contagious diseases. Metals and ceramics are prevalent in the medical industry. However, the unique properties of polymeric materials exhibit potential as better replacements for conventional materials. MMATECH Ltd. has developed a new articulation liner made of a revolutionary material of the Polyimide family, MP-1™, a spin-off of the Aerospace industry. MP-1™ has proved to be biocompatible, heat-resistant, highly crosslinked, combining unusual strength, toughness, self-lubrication, excellent friction and wear durability, as well as resistance to fatigue, creep, impacts and chemicals. These properties lead to longer life span and safer articulating implanted components. MMATECH received the CE and ISO certificates for its MP-1™ Acetabular liner of hip implant based on a pilot clinical study conducted in New-Zealand with excellent 13y follow-up results. Ethical Committee approval was granted for a clinical study of 100 patients in New Zealand. The results of the first 82 surgeries follow-up demonstrated normal blood parameters, no osteolysis, and improved quality of life. The performance of MP-1™ even at 13 years is very promising and is now being applied to younger patients (~ 40 Y old) in view of the retrieval data. Part 1 of this research will summarize the pre-clinical studies while Part 2 will deal with the clinical studies.
Data from SIRPα-Antibody Fusion Proteins Selectively Bind and Eliminate Dual Antigen-Expressing Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; CD47 is highly expressed on a variety of tumor cells. The interaction of CD47 with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), a protein on phagocytic cells, transmits a “don't eat me” signal that negatively regulates phagocytosis. CD47–SIRPα antagonists enable phagocytosis by disrupting the inhibitory signal and can synergize with Fc-mediated pro-phagocytic signals for potent elimination of tumor cells. A potential limitation of therapeutic CD47–SIRPα antagonists is that expression of CD47 on normal cells may create sites of toxicity or an “antigen sink.” To overcome these limitations and address selective tumor targeting, we developed SIRPabodies to improve the therapeutic benefits of CD47–SIRPα blockade specifically toward tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; SIRPabodies were generated by grafting the wild-type SIRPα either to the N-terminus or to the C-terminus of the heavy chain of rituximab. Selective tumor binding was tested using CFSE-labeled human primary CLL cells in the presence of 20-fold excess of human RBCs. NSG mice were transplanted with Raji-luciferase cells and were assigned to controls versus SIRPabody treatment. Cynomolgus nonhuman primates were administered a single intravenous infusion of SIRPabody at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; SIRPabodies selectively bound to dual antigen-expressing tumor cells in the presence of a large antigen sink. SIRPabody reduced tumor burden and extended survival in mouse xenograft lymphoma models. SIRPabody caused no significant toxicity in nonhuman primates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These findings establish SIRPabodies as a promising approach to deliver the therapeutic benefit of CD47–SIRPα blockade specifically toward tumor cells. SIRPabodies may be applied to additional cancer types by grafting SIRPα onto other tumor-specific therapeutic antibodies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5109–19. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Controlling synthesis of carbon nanostructures by plasma means in arc discharge (2010)

Properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are determined to large extent by synthesis techniques. Great interest in arc discharge production of SWNTs has been stimulated by its high practical utilization. While numerous studies of thermal stability of SWNTs were carried out, it is still under the question what is the critical temperatures that SWNTs can survive. At the same time thermal stability of SWNTs at conditions of atmospheric arc is crucial for determination of region of their synthesis in arc and in general for clarification of the thermal regime of SWNT in arc plasmas. We investigated electrical resistance dependence on temperature of mats of SWNTs under variable pressures in helium atmosphere, in the air and in vacuum in high temperature ranges (300-1200K) which closely mimic conditions during the synthesis in arc discharge. Dependence of SWNT resistance on temperature exhibits similar “V-shape” behavior for all applied conditions which characterized by two temperatures, namely T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> -temperature corresponding to the minimum of resistance and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</sub> -temperature of destruction of SWNT bundles. It is found that T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</sub> in vacuum were 800 K and 900 K respectively and increased with helium pressure. T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</sub> increased faster with pressure than T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> , so that at 500 Torr T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cr</sub> was around 1100K, while Tmin -900 K. This is the temperature that corresponds to buffer region between the arc plasma and helium background in arc discharge. Based on that it can be suggested that region of formation of SWNTs in arc should be close to arc periphery. Our study also demonstrates a strong effect of electric and magnetic fields on properties and growth conditions of SWNTs and other carbon nanostructures such as graphene. These effects are quantified by variety of diagnostics tools such as SEM, TEM, AFM - microcopies, TGA, RAMAN and UV-vis-NIR.
A study on the architecture of a network adapter (2002)

We show the need for the network adapter (NA) function and discuss problems with its role as a channel processing NA that is important to the introduction of B-ISDN. We discuss a suitable module structure and an experimental system. This system can provide inter-connection between the STM-channels on STM-1 and ATM virtual channels on ATM-NNI. To reduce the amount of hardware, the NA should provide the multiplexed multi-bit-rate AAL type 1 function. An integrated testing circuit also can reduce the amount of hardware. It can check the connectivity and normality of the ATM layer, the AAL, and the STM channels. We roughly estimated the performance of ATM circuit emulation services for voice, modem, and facsimile communication under normal conditions and cell loss conditions using real terminals. >
Ataxia, Dementia, and Hypogonadotropism Caused by Disordered Ubiquitination (2013)

The syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, ataxia, and dementia can be caused by inactivating mutations in RNF216 or by the combination of mutations in RNF216 and OTUD4. These findings link disordered ubiquitination to neurodegeneration and reproductive dysfunction and highlight the power of whole-exome sequencing in combination with functional studies to unveil genetic interactions that cause disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Improving Drug Delivery (2013)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTImproving Drug DeliveryCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2013, 91, 45, 10Publication Date (Print):November 11, 2013Publication History Published online31 March 2014Published inissue 11 November 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09145-notw5https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09145-notw5newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cancer,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Polarization splitter/combiner in high index contrast Bragg reflector waveguides (2003)

Novel designs of polarization devices based on Bragg reflector waveguides in a high index contrast silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform have been proposed. Brewster angle condition is incorporated in the periodic structures. Numerical simulations with a 3D semivectorial beam propagation method demonstrate the device performance as TE mode polarizer with high TE to TM extinction ratio and TE/TM mode polarization splitter and combiner with high polarization splitting efficiency.
Anxiolytics in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (2021)

Dear Editor, As a continuation of our paper in this journal on psychiatric evaluation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients in Asian Indians,[1] the results show a higher incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders in CSCR individuals. As a corollary to that, we are suggesting treating the subset of patients with Type A personality[2] with anxiolytic (acting on GABA pathway) and anti-depressant (serotonin pathway action) drugs. The usual medications we use are tab etizolam (0.5 Mg) or tab clonazepam (0.5 Mg) a day in the mild group and adding tab escitalopram (10 mg) or sertaline tablet (25 mg) in the cases which appear depressed on clinical assessment. The duration of treatment is for 1–3 months depending on the stressors [Fig. 1].Figure 1: (a) Acute cscr with subretinal fibrin. (b) Rapid resolution of subretinal fluid in 5 weeks post anxiolytics treatment. (c) Healed cscr at 5 years followupThe rationale is that in CSCR, anxiety precipitates autonomic vasomotor instability, leading to elevation of circulating cortisol and epinephrine leading to stimulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors which in turn causes impaired hydro-ionic homeostasis and inflammation in the RPE and Mullers’ cells. Consequently, there is choroidal vasodilatation and RPE barrier rupture with fluid accumulation under the retina due to leakage causing CSCR. The abovementioned drugs break the vicious cycle by reducing the psychic influence on the release of these stress hormones and block the neurotransmitters downstream leading to rapid resolution of the CSCR fluid and improvement in vision. The patients are also counseled regarding lifestyle modification and yoga, pranayama, and meditation. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Serum IGF-1 Is Insufficient to Restore Skeletal Size in the Total Absence of the Growth Hormone Receptor (2013)

States of growth hormone (GH) resistance, such those observed in Laron dwarf patients, are characterized by mutations in the GH receptor (GHR), decreased serum and tissue IGF-1 levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired skeletal acquisition. IGF-1 replacement therapy in such patients increases growth velocity but does not normalize growth. Herein we combined the GH-resistant (GHR knockout [GHRKO]) mouse model with mice expressing the hepatic Igf-1 transgene (HIT) to generate the GHRKO-HIT mouse model. In GHRKO-HIT mice, serum IGF-1 levels were restored via transgenic expression of Igf-1, allowing us to study how endocrine IGF-1 affects growth, metabolic homeostasis, and skeletal integrity. We show that in a GH-resistant state, normalization of serum IGF-1 improved body adiposity and restored glucose tolerance but was insufficient to support normal skeletal growth, resulting in an osteopenic skeletal phenotype. The inability of serum IGF-1 to restore skeletal integrity in the total absence of GHR likely resulted from reduced skeletal Igf-1 gene expression, blunted GH-mediated effects on the skeleton that are independent of serum or tissue IGF-1, and poor delivery of IGF-1 to the tissues. These findings are consistent with clinical data showing that IGF-I replacement therapy in patients with Laron syndrome does not achieve full skeletal growth.
Magnetic Mn5Ge3 nanocrystals embedded in crystalline Ge: a magnet/semiconductor hybrid synthesized by ion implantation (2012)

The integration of ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 with the Ge matrix is promising for spin injection in a silicon-compatible geometry. In this paper, we report the preparation of magnetic Mn5Ge3 nanocrystals embedded inside the Ge matrix by Mn ion implantation at elevated temperature. By X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we observe crystalline Mn5Ge3 with variable size depending on the Mn ion fluence. The electronic structure of Mn in Mn5Ge3 nanocrystals is a 3d6 configuration, which is the same as that in bulk Mn5Ge3. A large positive magnetoresistance has been observed at low temperatures. It can be explained by the conductivity inhomogeneity in the magnetic/semiconductor hybrid system.
Cell Cycle Regulation of p70 S6 Kinase and p42/p44 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases in Swiss Mouse 3T3 Fibroblasts (1996)

We show here using synchronized Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts that p70 S6 kinase (p70S6k) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (p42mapk/p44mapk) are not only activated at the G0/G1 boundary, but also in cells progressing from M into G1. p70S6k activity increases 20-fold in G1 cells released from G0. Throughout G1, S, and G2 it decreases constantly, so that during M phase low kinase activity is measured. The kinase is reactivated 10-fold when cells released from a nocodazole-induced metaphase block enter G1 of the next cell cycle. p42mapk/p44mapk in G0 cells are activated transiently early in G1 and are reactivated late in mitosis after nocodazole release. p70S6k activity is dependent on permanent signaling from growth factors at all stages of the cell cycle. Immunofluorescence studies showed that p70S6k and its isoform p85S6k become concentrated in localized spots in the nucleus at certain stages in the cell cycle. Cell cycle-dependent changes in p70S6k activity are associated with alterations in the phosphorylation state of the protein. However, examination of the regulation of a p70S6k mutant in which the four carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation sites are changed to acidic amino acids suggests that a mechanism independent of these phosphorylation sites controls the activity of the enzyme during the cell cycle.
Single crystal metal photocathodes: Benchmarking performance against Ab initio theory (2018)

The results generated by this short-term research project have contributed significantly to our overall understanding and practical implementation of metal photocathodes. First, the research work has verified the direct connection between the energy-momentum dispersion of the emitting bulk band states and the mean transverse energy and quantum efficiency of the electrons emitted from solid-state photocathodes. Second, and more importantly, the work has shown that the density of the recipient vacuum states must be included in any description of the emission properties of photocathodes. Third, amongst the primary crystal faces of Cu, only Cu(100) is found to be a good single-crystal photocathode material in the 260-270nm wavelength range, which includes the fourth harmonic of Nd:YAG lasers. Finally, measurements on Mg(0001) indicate that UV transparent oxide surface layers can affect the mean transverse energy of photo-emitted electrons.
Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: immunotherapy from checkpoint blockade to potential of cellular treatment (2018)

The absence of potent therapeutic option accounts for the dismal prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high mortality and recurrence rate. For a decade, sorafenib is the only approved systemic drug in the first-line setting and warrants as the standard-of-care for HCC in the advanced stage. Given the common failures of chemotherapies and targeted therapies in the field of HCC treatment, promising breakthroughs were eagerly needed and until recently, immunotherapies have opened a new era of anticancer treatment. The liver organ is perceived as "immunotolerant" owing to its functional role, and the hepatic immune balance is found to be deregulated during chronic liver inflammation and HCC tumorigenesis. Restoring a competent immunity by mitigation of immunosuppression signals is a contemporary approach. In this regard, novel immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer pharmacological treatment options with remarkable clinical outcomes in hematologic malignancy and multiple solid tumors including advanced HCC. Nivolumab, an immunotherapeutic agent to block programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), showed high efficacy potential for patients progressed with sorafenib and granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently. The development of this class of immunotherapeutic drug is currently based on myriad studies established on the role of T-cell mediated immunosuppression through immune checkpoints. Heterogeneous results have led to further explorations to the profile of oncogenic processes and signaling pathways associated with PD1/PD-L1 axis. Emerging evidence from preclinical studies implicate natural killer (NK) cells as a mediator to the PD-1 checkpoint signaling immunoevasion. The strategy of adopting immunomodulating ability of NK cells by immune checkpoints inhibitors is potential to additive effects in stimulating anticancer immunity. This idea is not entirely newfound but has recently gained prominence because of advances in defining phenotypic heterogeneity of NK cell populations. The physiological significance and synergistic value of NK cells await further investigation in clinical trials. In this review, an overview of the treatment paradigm shift of HCC management is presented. Current knowledge concerning immunological mechanisms of immune checkpoints attributed to T cell is further discussed and relevant ongoing clinical trials are summarized. We proposed that NK cells should be viewed as part of the network of checkpoint immunoevasion and delineate current evidence of translational clinical research in this area. It is conceivable that immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with NK cell-based therapeutic strategies will be great promise for treatment of advanced HCC.
Sensitivity of nocturnal boundary layer temperature to tropospheric aerosol surface radiative forcing under clear-sky conditions (2011)

[1] Since the middle of the last century, global surface air temperature exhibits an increasing trend, with nocturnal temperatures increasing at a much higher rate. Proposed causative mechanisms include the radiative impact of atmospheric aerosols on the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) where the temperature response is amplified due to shallow depth and its sensitivity to potential destabilization. A 1-D version of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System is used to examine the sensitivity of the nocturnal boundary layer temperature to the surface longwave radiative forcing (SLWRF) from urban aerosol loading and doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The analysis is conducted for typical midlatitude nocturnal boundary layer case days from the CASES-99 field experiment and is further extended to urban sites in Pune and New Delhi, India. For the cases studied, locally, the nocturnal SLWRF from urban atmospheric aerosols (2.7-47 W m -2 ) is comparable or exceeds that caused by doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide (3 W m -2 ), with the surface temperature response ranging from a compensation for daytime cooling to an increase in the nocturnal minimum temperature. The sensitivity of the NBL to radiative forcing is approximately 4 times higher compared to the daytime boundary layer. Nighttime warming or cooling may occur depending on the nature of diurnal variations in aerosol optical depth. Soil moisture also modulates the magnitude of SLWRF, decreasing from 3 to 1 W m -2 when soil saturation increases from 37% to 70%. These results show the importance of aerosols on the radiative balance of the climate system.
Chitinase system of Bacillus circulans WL-12 and importance of chitinase A1 in chitin degradation (1990)

Bacillus circulans WL-12, isolated as a yeast cell wall-lytic bacterium, secretes a variety of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes into culture medium. When chitinases of the bacterium were induced with chitin, six distinct chitinase molecules were detected in the culture supernatant. These chitinases (A1, A2, B1, B2, C, and D) showed the following distinct sizes and isoelectric points: Mr 74,000, pI 4.7 (A1); Mr 69,000, pI 4.5 (A2); Mr 38,000, pI 6.6 (B1); Mr 38,000, pI 5.9 (B2); Mr 39,000, pI 8.5 (C); and Mr 52,000, pI 5.2 (D). Among these chitinases, A1 and A2 had the highest colloidal-chitin-hydrolyzing activities. Chitinase A1 showed a strong affinity to insoluble substrate chitin. Purified chitinase A1 released predominantly chitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] and a trace amount of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from colloidal chitin. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of chitinases A1 and A2 indicated that chitinase A2 was generated from chitinase A1, presumably by proteolytic removal of a C-terminal portion of chitinase A1. Since chitinase A2 did not have the ability to bind to chitin, the importance of the C-terminal region of chitinase A1 to the strong affinity of chitinase A1 to substrate chitin was suggested. Strong affinity of the chitinase seemed to be required for complete degradation of insoluble substrate chitin. From these results, it was concluded that chitinase A1 is the key enzyme in the chitinase system of this bacterium.
CuAAC: The Quintessential Click Reaction (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition: the Basics CuAAC: Catalysts and Ligands Mechanistic Aspects of the CuAAC Reactions of 1-Iodoalkynes Examples of Application of the CuAAC Reaction Reactions of Sulfonyl Azides Outlook/Perspective Acknowledgments References Comment 1 References
Vibration-insensitive nonlinear optical loop mirror utilizing reflective scheme (1999)

We propose a new type of nonlinear optical loop mirror that can reduce the Sagnac effect due to external vibration. We experimentally confirm its excellent vibration insensitiveness by all-optical time-division demultiplexing of the 100 Gbit/s optical signal.