gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensory hypersensitivity occurs soon after whiplash injury and is associated with poor recovery (2003)

Hypersensitivity to a variety of sensory stimuli is a feature of persistent whiplash associated disorders (WAD). However, little is known about sensory disturbances from the time of injury until transition to either recovery or symptom persistence. Quantitative sensory testing (pressure and thermal pain thresholds, the brachial plexus provocation test), the sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflex and psychological distress (GHQ-28) were prospectively measured in 76 whiplash subjects within 1 month of injury and then 2, 3 and 6 months post-injury. Subjects were classified at 6 months post-injury using scores on the Neck Disability Index: recovered (<8), mild pain and disability (10-28) or moderate/severe pain and disability (>30). Sensory and sympathetic nervous system tests were also measured in 20 control subjects. All whiplash groups demonstrated local mechanical hyperalgesia in the cervical spine at 1 month post-injury. This hyperalgesia persisted in those with moderate/severe symptoms at 6 months but resolved by 2 months in those who had recovered or reported persistent mild symptoms. Only those with persistent moderate/severe symptoms at 6 months demonstrated generalised hypersensitivity to all sensory tests. These changes occurred within 1 month of injury and remained unchanged throughout the study period. Whilst no significant group differences were evident for the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response, the moderate/severe group showed a tendency for diminished sympathetic reactivity. GHQ-28 scores of the moderate/severe group were higher than those of the other two groups. The differences in GHQ-28 did not impact on any of the sensory measures. These findings suggest that those with persistent moderate/severe symptoms at 6 months display, soon after injury, generalised hypersensitivity suggestive of changes in central pain processing mechanisms. This phenomenon did not occur in those who recover or those with persistent mild symptoms.
User Interface Design (2014)

User interface management is a field of computer science that has been developed and given much attention in recent years (since the 1980's). Indeed, it is being taught as a separate subject in several curricula of Computer Science or Information Technology. Several texts have been written on the subject. It is therefore impossible to cover all that is entailed in one chapter. However, since user interface design is a very important aspect of software design, a brief summary of the subject matter is provided here.
Customized metadata for Internet information (2002)

Several search engines, catalogs, and filtering services aim to help users of the Internet deal with a growing information "overload". However, these tools typically are either generic in scope, or limited to the needs of a particular user without regard for reuse in some related context. We propose an approach and architecture for customized filtering and cataloging which bridges these two extremes. We allow users to create and maintain a metadatabase of information gathered over time by using modular filters created for specific needs or drawn from a standard library. This metadatabase, which may be regarded as a database view of the Internet, can then be accessed to locate information relevant to specific or more generic tasks. Potentially, our approach achieves greater flexibility and specificity as compared to currently available tools. We describe our preliminary design, implementation, and experimentation for our proof of concept prototypical effort.
CrossTransformers: spatially-aware few-shot transfer (2020)

Given new tasks with very little data$-$such as new classes in a classification problem or a domain shift in the input$-$performance of modern vision systems degrades remarkably quickly. In this work, we illustrate how the neural network representations which underpin modern vision systems are subject to supervision collapse, whereby they lose any information that is not necessary for performing the training task, including information that may be necessary for transfer to new tasks or domains. We then propose two methods to mitigate this problem. First, we employ self-supervised learning to encourage general-purpose features that transfer better. Second, we propose a novel Transformer based neural network architecture called CrossTransformers, which can take a small number of labeled images and an unlabeled query, find coarse spatial correspondence between the query and the labeled images, and then infer class membership by computing distances between spatially-corresponding features. The result is a classifier that is more robust to task and domain shift, which we demonstrate via state-of-the-art performance on Meta-Dataset, a recent dataset for evaluating transfer from ImageNet to many other vision datasets.
Lessons to Learn From Low-Dose Cyclosporin-A: A New Approach for Unexpected Clinical Applications (2019)

Cyclosporin-A has been known and used for a long time, since its "fast track" approval in the early 80's. This molecule has rapidly demonstrated unexpected immunosuppressive properties, transforming the history of organ transplantation. Cyclosporin's key effect relies on modulation on T-lymphocyte activity, which explains its role in the prevention of graft rejection. However, whether cyclosporin-A exerts other effects on immune system remains to be determined. Until recently, cyclosporin-A was mainly used at a high-dose, but given the drug toxicity and despite the fear of losing its immunosuppressive effects, there is nowadays a tendency to decrease its dose. The literature has been reporting data revealing a paradoxical effect of low dosage of cyclosporin-A. These low-doses appear to have immunomodulatory properties, with different effects from high-doses on CD8+ T lymphocyte activation, auto-immune diseases, graft-vs.-host disease and cancer. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of cyclosporin-A, not only as a consecrated immunosuppressive agent, but also as an immunomodulatory drug when administrated at low-dose. The use of low-dose cyclosporin-A may become a new therapeutic strategy, particularly to treat cancer.
Origin of heavy quasiparticles in UPt_3 (2001)

We propose a microscopic description of heavy fermions in UPt_3. It is based on the assumption that two of the three 5f electrons of the U ions are localized. Band-structure calculations based on this supposition reproduce the observed de Haas-van Alphen frequencies very well. The observed enhancement of the quasiparticle mass as compared with the LDA band mass results from the local Coulomb interaction of the delocalized f electrons with the localized ones. Diagonalization of the Coulomb interaction matrix yields the level scheme of the localized f^2 states. Assuming a splitting of the ground-state doublet by the crystal field of similar size as in UPd_2Al_3 results in a mass enhancement factor of order 10 in agreement with experiments.
Effect of Mixing Rate on HF Chemical Laser Performance (1974)

A simple model of a steady-flow HF chemical laser has been formulated in which the excited-state formation rate is limited by the H(2)-F mixing rate. Lasing is allowed to take place between several vibrational levels of the HF molecule simultaneously. With reasonable approximations, the power output and efficiency can be determined analytically. The dependence of these variables on the independent parameters is in qualitative accord with experimental observations on mixing lasers but differs markedly from the predictions for lasers in which the reactants are premixed.
Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learning (2021)

Isaac Gym offers a high performance learning platform to train policies for wide variety of robotics tasks directly on GPU. Both physics simulation and the neural network policy training reside on GPU and communicate by directly passing data from physics buffers to PyTorch tensors without ever going through any CPU bottlenecks. This leads to blazing fast training times for complex robotics tasks on a single GPU with 2-3 orders of magnitude improvements compared to conventional RL training that uses a CPU based simulator and GPU for neural networks. We host the results and videos at \url{https://sites.google.com/view/isaacgym-nvidia} and isaac gym can be downloaded at \url{https://developer.nvidia.com/isaac-gym}.
Photoresponse Properties of Semiconducting BaSi2Epitaxial Films Grown on Si(111) Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2009)

n-Type BaSi2 epitaxial films with 900 nm thickness were grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy, and striped Au electrodes were formed on the surface. Photocurrents were clearly observed for photons with energies greater than 1.25 eV under bias voltages applied between the electrodes, and this increased sharply with increasing photon energy to attain a maximum at approximately 1.70 eV. The external quantum efficiency increased with the bias voltage and reached approximately 7% at 1.70 eV for a bias voltage of 7 V. This value is 100 times larger than the highest value ever reported for semiconducting silicide films.
An Impedance Study of Curved Sandwich Trim Panels Driven by Piezoelectric Patch Actuators (1999)

Recent research in the area of structural acoustic control for aircraft interior noise suppression has been focused on developing active trim panels. Active trim panels being part of non-critical structures offer many advantages over active controls applied to load critical structures such as aircraft frames and skins. Because there are many flanking paths for the noise to get into the cabin, and because it is not realistic to apply active controls to the entire interior trim panel, the part of the trim that is instrumented with structural controls will inevitably be driven hard enough to cancel the cabin noise. This probably entails high power requirements for active trim panels. The present paper presents an analytical study of cylindrically curved sandwich composite trim and aluminum panels driven by piezoelectric path actuators. An impedance formulation is taken in the study. This paper studies the effect of curvature on the dynamics of the trim panel and the uniform aluminum panel, and has found that the curvature has an opposite effect on the variation of deflection resonance of the composite trim to that of the aluminum panel. Numerical results of mechanical power transfer between the actuator and the host panel are also presented in the paper. This quantity can be used to assess the control authority of the composite trim panels as compared to that of uniform aluminum panels.
Morphometric evaluation of gingival overgrowth and regression caused by cyclosporin in rats (2001)

Cyclosporin A is a selective immunosuppressant, used in organ transplants to prevent graft rejection. Cyclosporin A can cause various side effects including gingival overgrowth. The aim of this work was to evaluate gingival overgrowth of rats treated daily with 10 mg/kg bodyweight of cyclosporin A for 60 days, as well as the regression after the interruption of treatment. All rats treated with cyclosporin A developed gingival overgrowth, with increased thickness of the epithelium, height and width of the connective tissue. The density of fibroblasts and collagen fibers also increased. Five to 90 days after the interruption of treatment with cyclosporin A, there was a progressive reduction of the gingival volume and of collagen fibers and fibroblast densities. The reduction was more pronounced in the initial periods and after 90 days did not return to the normal values.
Conjugal transfer of broad-host-range incompatibility group P and Q plasmids from Escherichia coli to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (1993)

The first example of conjugal transfer of DNA from Escherichia coli to the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is presented. Derivatives of the incompatibility group P (IncP) plasmid RK2 successfully transferred from an E. coli donor to an A. actinomycetemcomitans recipient. The resulting A. actinomycetemcomitans transconjugants transferred the plasmids back to E. coli recipients. The IncP transfer functions were also used in trans to mobilize the IncQ plasmid pBK1 from E. coli to A. actinomycetemcomitans. The IncP and IncQ plasmids both transferred into A. actinomycetemcomitans at high frequencies (0.3 to 0.5 transconjugants per donor) and showed no gross deletions, insertions, or rearrangements. Determinations of MICs of various antibiotics for the A. actinomycetemcomitans transconjugant strains demonstrated the expression of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin resistance determinants.
Fabrication of high performance GaN modulation doped field effect transistors (2000)

Fabrication of GaN devices presents a number of processing issues. Since the AlGaN/GaN material and sapphire substrates are transparent in the ultraviolet, light scattering can degrade the quality of the lithography. GaN and AlGaN are chemically inert materials, highly resistant to wet etching. Schottky contacts are fabricated with noble metals (Pt, Au) which present adhesion problems. The approaches to solving these difficulties and the routes to fabrication of high performance GaN-based modulation doped field effect transistors are presented. The light scattering has been addressed by the deposition of amorphous Si on the backside of the wafers. Mesa etching for device isolation has been performed with both chemically assisted ion beam etching and a newly developed wet etching technique. Finally, metal adhesion has been greatly improved by the initial deposition of a thin sputtered Pt layer, followed by a thick layer of Pt/Au by e-beam evaporation. A 100 μm wide device showed a maximum dc current density of 946 mA/mm, a peak transconductance of 160 mS/mm, a short circuit current gain cutoff frequency of 15.6 GHz, and a maximum oscillation frequency of 49.4 GHz.
Detection of initiation of corrosion induced damage in concrete structures using nonlinear ultrasonic techniques (2022)

Structural failure caused by corrosion of the reinforcing steel in concrete structures is quite common. In most cases, corrosion cracks appear on the surface at a late stage, leaving inadequate time for taking any measures. This paper investigates the detection of corrosion damage in reinforced concrete elements by using nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) techniques. Various linear ultrasonic and NLU techniques were adopted to identify the most sensitive technique and ultrasonic parameters for corrosion induced damage detection at its early stage. It is observed that the linear techniques are not very effective in detecting corrosion induced damage. The sideband peak count-index (or SPC-I), a relatively new and promising technique, has been found to be an excellent indicator for the detection of corrosion induced damage initiation. However, its efficacy for detecting corrosion induced damage has not yet been reported. The present study shows that the SPC-I-based NLU technique outperforms (with the highest sensitivity) all other NLU techniques for detecting the onset of corrosion in steel and micro-crack formation in the surrounding material. As the corrosion progresses and cracks appear on the surface of the concrete, the efficiency of the SPC-I slowly weakens and other technique(s) are found to be quite efficient at that stage.
Statistical Decision Functions. (1951)

The foundations of a general theory of statistical decision functions, including the classical non-sequential case as well as the sequential case, was discussed by the author in a previous publication [3]. Several assumptions made in [3] appear, however, to be unnecessarily restrictive (see conditions 1-7, pp. 297 in [3]). These assumptions, moreover, are not always fulfilled for statistical problems in their conventional form. In this paper the main results of [3], as well as several new results, are obtained from a considerably weaker set of conditions which are fulfilled for most of the statistical problems treated in the literature. It seemed necessary to abandon most of the methods of proofs used in [3] (particularly those in section 4 of [3]) and to develop the theory from the beginning. To make the present paper self-contained, the basic definitions already given in [3] are briefly restated in section 2.1.
A comparative assessment of the community frontline health workers for their knowledge and practices of malaria diagnosis and treatment in three contiguous districts Mandla, Balaghat, and Dindori of Madhya Pradesh, India (2023)

The findings of the study unequivocally establishes significant improvement in overall malaria-related knowledge and practices of ASHAs in Mandla as a result of periodic training and capacity building efforts. The study suggests that learnings from Mandla district could be helpful in improving level of knowledge and practices among frontline health workers.
Therapie fortgeschrittener Kopf-Hals-Karzinome mit Doppel-Checkpoint-Blockade gefolgt von Radioimmuntherapie – Ergebnisse der CheckRad-CD8 -Studie. (2022)

Einleitung Die CheckRad-CD8-Studie untersucht die Machbarkeit und Effektivität einer Chemo-Immun-Induktionstherapie gefolgt von einer Radioimmuntherapie mit doppelter Immun-Checkpoint-Blockade nach vorheriger Patientenauswahl anhand der intratumoralen CD8-Zellen.
ABNE: An Attention-Based Network Embedding for User Alignment Across Social Networks (2019)

User alignment across social networks can facilitate more information/knowledge transferring across networks and thereby benefit several applications, including social link prediction, cross-domain recommendation, and information diffusion. Several works try to learn a common subspace for networks by preserving the structural proximities, such that different contribution weights of neighbors are ignored as users were always connected by unweighted edges. In this paper, we propose an attention-based network embedding model that exploits the social structures for user alignment. In particular, two main components are contained in our model framework: a masked graph attention mechanism which tries to learn the alignment task driven attention weights by the supervision of pre-aligned user pairs, and an embedding algorithm tries to learn a common vector space by explicitly modeling the weighted contribution probabilities between follower-ships and followee-ships. With the learned weights and embeddings transferring between these two components, we construct a unified model for user embedding and alignment. Stochastic gradient descent and negative sampling are adopted for efficient learning and scalability. The extensive experiments on real-world social network data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Analysis of fibre transfer function and determinationof receiver frequency response for dispersion supportedtransmission (1994)

It is shown that a frequency modulated optical transmitter at 1.5 µm in conjunction with a standard singlemode fibre can have highpass transfer characteristics. Equalising this frequency response, the characteristics of the receiver lowpass filter can be determined that are required for the method of dispersion supported transmission.
Holdup, Pressure Drop, and Flooding in Packed Countercurrent Columns for the Gas Extraction (2000)

The hydrodynamic behavior, i.e., flooding, liquid holdup, and pressure drop of countercurrent columns with two random packings, Raschig rings and Berl saddles, and two gauze packings, Sulzer CY and Sulzer EX, is scrutinized at temperatures between 313 and 373 K and pressures between 8 and 30 MPa using carbon dioxide as the supercritical solvent and water and olive oil deodorizer distillate as liquid phases. Two models are employed to correlate the experimental data: a sophisticated mechanistic approach based on the liquid holdup and a well-known empirical approach for the flooding point. The experimental data for the dry pressure drop and the liquid holdup below the loading point are successfully correlated using modified models from normal pressure operation. The flooding points can be correlated with good accuracy as well.
The VLDL receptor: wayward brother of the LDL receptor (1995)

The VLDL receptor binds lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein E and consists of five functional domains that resemble the LDL receptor. Although the LDL- and VLDL-receptor genes are located on different chromosomes, their gene structure and organization are almost the same. Despite the presence of sterol regulatory element-1-like sequences in the VLDL-receptor gene, the transcription of the gene is not down-regulated by sterols. The VLDL-receptor messenger RNA is highly expressed in tissues that actively metabolize fatty acids as their source of energy. The physiological role of the chicken cognate of the VLDL receptor has been revealed recently, but its function in mammals is still debatable.
The Fluid Mechanics of Bonding with Yield Stress Epoxies (1996)

An important component of most microelectronic packages is the silver filled, thermally conductive epoxy, which forms the bond between the microelectronic chip and the metallic substrate called the lead frame. As microelectronic chips become larger, more epoxy is needed to form this bond. This presents two fundamental heat transfer and fluid mechanics problems. (i) The time necessary to form the bond becomes very long even for modest increases in chip size. (ii) Curing the larger volume of epoxy leads to higher concentrations of epoxy volatiles, which can contaminate sensitive chip surfaces. The flow associated with the formation of the epoxy bond has been investigated both analytically and experimentally. Squeezing flow experiments have shown that the epoxy behaves as a yield stress fluid. A variational analysis of the flow reveals that the yield stress nature of the epoxy makes the quick formation of thin bonds difficult. However, further experiments have shown that oscillating the magnitude of the bonding force reduces the apparent yield stress by breaking down the fluid microstructure, and dramatically reduces bonding time. A detailed numerical and experimental analysis of the flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer in an oven used to cure the epoxy is also presented. A control volume numerical analysis shows that condensation and contamination may be best avoided by routing an evacuation flow through the oven so as to maintain the partial pressure of the epoxy vapor below its saturation pressure. The numerical results were validated by a flow visualization study on a 10$\\times$ upscaled model of a typical curing oven.