gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and in vivo specificity of [LLC]dl‐threo‐methylphenidate for the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron (1994)

dl-threo-Methylphenidate (Ritalin) was labeled with carbon-11 (t1/2:20.4 minutes) in order to measure its pharmacokinetics, to evaluate it as a radiotracer for the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron, and to examine its sensitivity to the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies were carried out in the baboon to determine specificity for the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron and in humans to assess sensitivity to neuronal loss. Studies with [11C]dl-threo-methylphenidate ([11C]MP) in baboon demonstrated high regional uptake in the striatum. Peak uptake (0.04%/cc) occurred at 5-15 minutes post-injection. The half-time for clearance from peak uptake for [11C]MP was 60 minutes and the ratio between the radioactivity in the striatum and that in the cerebellum (ST/CB) ranged from 2.2 to 2.6 at 40 minutes. Repeated measures in the same baboon showed < or = 8% variability in the ST/CB ratio. Pretreatment with unlabeled methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) or GBR12909 (1.5 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to [11C]MP injection markedly reduced the striatal but not the cerebellar uptake of [11C]MP, demonstrating the saturable and specific binding of [11C]MP to a site on the dopamine transporter in the brain. In both cases, the ratio of striatum to cerebellum (ST/CB) after pretreatment was reduced by about 43%. The ratios of distribution volumes at the steady-state for the striatum to cerebellum (ST/CB) for these two separate studies in the same baboon were reduced by 37 and 38%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Consistency-based Localization in Sensor Networks (MAS 9) (2006)

We propose a new error modeling and optimization-based localization approach for sensor networks in presence of range measurement errors. The approach is solely based on the concept of consistency. The error models are constructed using non-parametric statistical techniques; they do not only indicate the most likely error, but also provide the likelihood distribution of particular errors occurring. The models are evaluated using the learn-and-test method and served as the objective functions for the task of localization. In addition, we also developed a localized localization algorithm where a specified communication cost or the location accuracy is guaranteed while optimizing the other.
Palladium‐Catalyzed, Chelation‐Assisted Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins by Oxidative Heck Arylation (2012)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins was achieved via a palladium‐catalyzed, chelation‐assisted oxidative Heck arylation protocol from trisubstituted olefins bearing a tether with a directing group in a completely stereo‐ and regioselective manner. The stereo‐ and regioselectivity as well as excellent yields of tetrasubstituted olefins originated from the stabilization of a palladium intermediate by chelation between the palladium center and a directing group.
Correlation-aware sparsity-enforcing sensor placement for spatio-temporal field estimation (2015)

In this work, we propose a generalized framework for designing optimal sensor constellations for spatio-temporally correlated field estimation using wireless sensor networks. The accuracy of the field intensity estimate in every point of a given service area strongly depends upon the number and the constellation of the sensors along with the spatio-temporal statistics of the field. We formulate and solve a sparsity-enforcing optimization problem to select the best sensor locations that achieve some desired estimation performance. The sparsity-enforcing iterative selection algorithm is aware of the non-separable space-time covariance structure of the field.
Curie-Chéneveau Magnetic Balance Employing Photocompensation (1966)

The design of a balance for measurement over the range from 4.2 to 300°K of the static magnetic susceptibility of weakly magnetic substances is described. The balance is a Curie-Chéneveau type torsion balance which incorporates photocompensation to achieve a null measuring instrument. The maximum sensitivity of the balance is approximately 10−3 dyne and performance with less than 1% error is possible for magnetic susceptibility values in the range from 10−5 to 10−8 emu/g (cgs units). Some typical susceptibility data obtained with the aid of this balance are presented.
Glycosylated hemoglobin and fructosamine. Indicators of glycemic control in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus. (1991)

In 50 gravidas with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, mean preprandial whole blood glucose levels over a two-week period were compared with serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine values. Although there was a statistically significant correlation between mean glucose levels and both HbA1c (r = .44, P less than .01) and fructosamine (r = .37, P less than .01), the wide range of HbA1c and fructosamine observed at all levels of mean blood glucose limited the usefulness of those assays in the management of pregnant diabetics.
Clinical Performance Examination Utilizing Standardized Patients in Board Examination: Based on the Board Examination of Korean Neurological Association for Three Years (2011)

Our experiences suggest that CPX utilizing SP is a useful tool to assess the clinical skills in BE. In order to produce clinically well qualified neurologists, more efforts should be made to develop cases and to improve assessment tools for CPX.
Resolving discourse deictic anaphora in dialogues (1999)

Most existing anaphora resolution algorithms are designed to account only for anaphors with NP-antecedents. This paper describes an algorithm for the resolution of discourse deictic anaphors, which constitute a large percentage of anaphors in spoken dialogues. The success of the resolution is dependent on the classification of all pronouns and demonstratives into individual, discourse deictic and vague anaphora. Finally, the empirical results of the application of the algorithm to a corpus of spoken dialogues are presented.
The human condition (2006)

Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) is likely to be the first woman to join the canon of the great philosophers. Arendt's work has attracted a huge volume of scholarship. This collection reprints papers from the USA, Germany, France and the UK, where further scholarly work is emerging at an increasing pace. Given that there was vigorous debate of her work in her lifetime, that there have since been several waves of evaluation and re-evaluation, and because a new generation of scholars is now coming to her work, a systematic collection of the critical assessments of her thought is extremely timely.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and Hsp70 protect Plasmodium falciparum from heat-induced cell death (2020)

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) levels in Plasmodium falciparum correlate with tolerance to cellular stresses caused by artemisinin, a first-line malaria treatment, and environmental factors. However, the functional role of PI(3)P in the Plasmodium stress response and a possible mechanism of protection were unknown. Here, we used multiple chemical probes including PI3K inhibitors and known antimalarial drugs to examine the importance of PI(3)P under thermal conditions that recapitulate malaria fever. Live cell microscopy using both chemical and genetic reporters revealed that PI(3)P stabilizes the acidic and proteolytic digestive vacuole (DV) under heat stress. We demonstrate that heat-induced DV destabilization in PI(3)P-deficient P. falciparum precedes cell death and is reversible after withdrawal of the stress condition and the PI3K inhibitor. These phenotypes are not observed with an inactive structural analog of the PI3K inhibitor. A chemoproteomic and biochemical approach identified PfHsp70-1 as a parasite PI(3)P-binding protein. Targeting PfHsp70-1 with a small molecule inhibitor phenocopied PI(3)P-deficient parasites under heat shock. Furthermore, tunable knockdown of PfHsp70-1 showed that PfHsp70-1 downregulation causes DV destabilization and hypersensitizes parasites to heat shock and PI3K inhibitors. Our findings underscore a mechanistic link between PI(3)P and PfHsp70-1, and present a novel PI(3)P function in stabilizing the DV compartment during heat stress.
A New Paradigm for FPGA Placement Without Explicit Packing (2018)

Placement and packing are two important but separated optimization steps in a conventional field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation flow. A packing engine clusters logic elements, like lookup tables and flip-flops, into configurable logic blocks, while a placement engine determines their physical locations in FPGA layouts. This paper presents a new paradigm for FPGA placement without an explicit packing stage. In the proposed framework, the solution spaces of placement and packing are simultaneously explored in a smooth and elegant way. Our experiments on ISPD 2016 and 2017 benchmark suites demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Non-linear regime two-line atomic fluorescence (NTLAF) for temperature measurement (2008)

This work is part of a series of projects which aims to advance our understanding of soot in turbulent flames. The key parameter of interest is the measurement of temperature in the presence of soot. The present paper reports on the first demonstration of the ability to image temperature using Non-linear regime Two-Line Atomic Fluorescence (NTLAF). NTLAF provides superior signal compared with conventional linear TLAF. Theoretical derivations are presented to extend conventional linear TLAF into the non-linear regime. Although NTLAF is susceptible to the effects of differing composition on the calibration constants, this work indicates that the effect of varying composition is small on the applicability of using a single set of calibration constants across a wide range of flame conditions. NTLAF has been demonstrated by the presentation of the temperature, with close agreement to other measurements, across the stoichiometric envelope for a premixed, soot-free natural gas flame.
Original article : Modulation of Subcellular Ca(2+) Signal by Fluid Pressure in Rat Atrial Myocytes (2006)

Atrial chambers serve as mechanosensory systems during the haemodynamic or mechanical disturbances, which initiates arrhythmia. Atrial myocytes, lacking t-tubules, have two functionally separate sarcoplasmic reticulums (SRs): those at the periphery close to the surface membrane, and those at the cell interior (center) not associated with the membrane. To explore possible role of fluid pressure (FP) in the regulation of atrial local signaling we investigated the effect of FP on subcellular signals in isolated rat atrial myocytes using confocal microscopy. FP was applied to whole area of single myocyte with pressurized automatic micro-jet (200-400 ) positioned close to the cell. Application of FP enhanced spontaneous occurrences of peripheral and central sparks with larger effects on the peripheral release sites. Unitary properties of single sparks were not altered by FP. Exposure to higher FP often triggered longitudinal wave. These results suggest that fluid pressure may directly alter excitability of atrial myocytes by activating -dependent ionic conductance in the peripheral membrane and by enhancing spontaneous activation of central myofilaments.
Reprocessing of Reusable Medical Devices (1995)

Advances in medical science and, in particular, minimally invasive surgical and diagnostic procedures have stimulated the development of new and improved medical devices. This has been made possible because of developments in engineering and material sciences. The design of devices for reusability is particularly important in an effort to provide cost effective healthcare. Concerns and issues include the ability to safely and effectively reprocess the devices, infection prevention and control, safety of the patient and healthcare worker, environmental concerns, and effective use of resources. From an infection prevention point of view, present requirements are based upon the intended use of the devices. Critical devices require sterilization. Semi-critical devices require, as a minimum, high level disinfection. Sterilization is, however, preferred whenever possible. Before sterilization or disinfection, devices should be cleaned adequately. Device designs should be readily amenable to cleaning and sterilization. In the past, design requirements focused primarily on the clinical user and device functionality, with reuse considerations left to the user. In the current market, the customer is redefined and, for reusable medical devices, includes all those associated with the device through the reprocessing procedure. In addition, regulations require that manufacturers give detailed instructions for reprocessing medical devices. The device users have the obligation to follow reprocessing instructions. Many choices exist today in device designs, including disposable or reusable devices. The user needs to balance cost versus convenience and reprocessing requirements for reusables. Current trends are to reuse more devices, including many of which were meant to be disposable. Cost effective designs can best be achieved when the user and manufacturer work together on the design.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Accuracy Performance Analysis between War Driving and War Walking in Metropolitan Wi-Fi Localization (2010)

Wi-Fi ingerprint-based localization is currently the most promising approach to building metropolitan-scale localization systems for both indoor and outdoor environments. A Wi-Fi fingerprint localization system makes use of a radio map that contains Wi-Fi signals received at various locations, and uses the map for location estimation. Thus, the accuracy of a Wi-Fi fingerprint localization system greatly depends on the quality of its radio map. This paper explores various properties of a metropolitan radio map that may affect the accuracy of Wi-Fi fingerprint localization systems. In this study, metropolitan-scale radio maps are obtained using war walking and war driving. These maps contain hundreds of thousands of access points and signal samples. A detailed comparison analysis of selected radio map properties reveals how different map properties affect the difference between the positional accuracies of the driving and walking radio maps in Wi-Fi fingerprint-based localization.
Autoantibodies against Phospholipase A2 Receptor in Korean Patients with Membranous Nephropathy (2013)

American Society of Nephrology, October 30-November 04 2012, San Diego, CA, USA. Circulating autoantibodies against M-type phospholipase A 2 receptor (PLA 2 R) are important pathogenic antibodies of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) in adults. However, previous studies on the clinical impact of anti-PLA 2 R antibodies demonstrated several limitations, including insufficient numbers of study subjects and different time points and methods for anti-PLA 2 R antibody measurement. To verify the clinical significance of anti-PLA 2 R antibodies in Korean patients with MN, we measured autoantibodies in serum samples obtained at the time of biopsy from a total of 100 patients with idiopathic MN who had not yet received immunosuppressive treatment. We detected anti-PLA 2 R antibody in 69 patients, and we observed that autoantibody reactivity reflected the severity of disease activity. Proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia were more severe in patients with anti-PLA 2 R than in those without the autoantibodies (2.95 g/g vs. 6.85 g/g, P = 0.003; 3.1 g/dL vs. 2.5 g/dL, P = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, the clinical severities worsened proportionally as the levels of anti-PLA 2 R antibodies increased (P = 0.015 and P for trend ,0.001 for proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, respectively). However, neither the levels nor the presence or absence of anti-PLA 2 R antibody showed a significant correlation with clinical outcomes, such as remission rate and time to remission. In conclusion, we observed that anti-PLA 2 R antibodies are highly prevalent in Korean patients with idiopathic MN and that they reflect the clinical disease activity before the administration of immunosuppressive treatment. However, the levels of anti-PLA 2 R antibody at the time of kidney biopsy may not predict the clinical outcomes in current clinical practice.
X-ray photoemission studies of BiInO3: Surface termination and effective Debye temperature (2021)

BiInO3 is a potentially polar oxide with distinct optical properties whose origin could result from a surface that has not been well characterized. The surface properties of BiInO3 thin films have been characterized here by temperature dependent angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. A large surface to bulk core-level binding energy shift for the In 3d5/2 core-level is identified, indicating a surface very different from the bulk. BiInO3 terminates in indium oxide and loses bismuth from the surface of the film at T = 573 K. The Debye–Waller plots suggest effective Debye temperatures of 263 ± 10 and 556 ± 27 K for the surface and bulk components of In 3d core-level, respectively.
Adaptive estimation of stability derivatives via multiple observers (2003)

We consider adaptive estimation of stability derivatives of aircrafts from flight data. An adaptive estimation scheme which utilizes multiple observers is applied. The multiple observers are designed for representative models derived by rewriting the state equation of the system. Under a certain condition, the output signal is described by output estimates generated by the multiple observers. Using this property, the estimates can be computed from input and output data.
THE MASS OF KOI-94d AND A RELATION FOR PLANET RADIUS, MASS, AND INCIDENT FLUX (2013)

We measure the mass of a modestly irradiated giant planet, KOI-94d. We wish to determine whether this planet, which is in a 22 day orbit and receives 2700 times as much incident flux as Jupiter, is as dense as Jupiter or rarefied like inflated hot Jupiters. KOI-94 also hosts at least three smaller transiting planets, all of which were detected by the Kepler mission. With 26 radial velocities of KOI-94 from the W. M. Keck Observatory and a simultaneous fit to the Kepler light curve, we measure the mass of the giant planet and determine that it is not inflated. Support for the planetary interpretation of the other three candidates comes from gravitational interactions through transit timing variations, the statistical robustness of multi-planet systems against false positives, and several lines of evidence that no other star resides within the photometric aperture. We report the properties of KOI-94b (M_P = 10.5 ± 4.6 M_⊕, R_P = 1.71 ± 0.16 R_⊕, P = 3.74 days), KOI-94c (M_P = 15.6^(+5.7)_(-15.6) M_⊕, R_P = 4.32 ± 0.41 R_⊕, P = 10.4 days), KOI-94d (M_P = 106 ± 11 M_⊕, R_P = 11.27 ± 1.06 R_⊕, P = 22.3 days), and KOI-94e (M_P = 35^(+18)_(-28) M_⊕, R_P = 6.56 ± 0.62 R_⊕, P = 54.3 days). The radial velocity analyses of KOI-94b and KOI-94e offer marginal (&gt;2σ) mass detections, whereas the observations of KOI-94c offer only an upper limit to its mass. Using the KOI-94 system and other planets with published values for both mass and radius (138 exoplanets total, including 35 with M_P &lt; 150 M_⊕), we establish two fundamental planes for exoplanets that relate their mass, incident flux, and radius from a few Earth masses up to 13 Jupiter masses: (R_P/R_⊕) = 1.78(M_P/M_⊕)0.53(F/erg s^(–1) cm^(–2))^(–0.03) for M_P &lt; 150 M_⊕, and R_P/R_⊕ = 2.45(M_P/M_⊕)^(–0.039)(F/erg s^(–1) cm^(–2))0.094 for M_P &gt; 150 M_⊕. These equations can be used to predict the radius or mass of a planet.
Temperature dependence of the resonance line of optically pumped distributed-feedback lasers (2018)

We characterize experimentally and theoretically a distributed-feedback laser resonator subject to a thermal chirp. The total accumulated phase shift determines the resonance wavelength. The reflectivities (outcoupling losses) at the resonance wavelength govern the resonance linewidth.
Narrowband information encryption using frequency and phase cipher (2010)

In this paper, we propose a method for optical communication encryption, based on multi-sub carriers modulation, reducing the transmitted signal effectively below the noise level. The information reconstruction is possible only if the frequencies of the carriers, the phase distortion, and the sampling frequency at the transmitter are in hand. Sampling the signal before transmission improves the SNR after reconstruction, enabling to transmit a low power signal with a low SNR which results in a stealthy transmission.
InGaN Laser Diodes by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2017)

The present status of nitride-based laser diodes (LDs) made by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) is reviewed. We demonstrate continuous-wave LDs operating in the range of 408–482 nm on (0001) c-plane bulk GaN substrates and ultraviolet LDs at 390 nm on ( 20 2 ¯ 1 ) https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315151595/260c4d72-cfcf-45d4-8599-8f9a5ea0a739/content/eqni14_1.jpg"/> semipolar GaN substrates. The peculiarities of low-temperature GaN and InGaN growth by PAMBE are discussed. Recent improvements of InGaN growth have allowed us to demonstrate high-quality quantum wells (QWs) and excellent morphology for thick InGaN layers. The use of high N fluxes—up to 3 μm/h—during the InGaN growth was essential to push the lasing wavelengths of PAMBE LDs above 460 nm. The novel LDs design with the InGaN waveguides is demonstrated. We discuss 322the influence of thickness and composition of InGaN waveguides on the internal and external LDs parameters. Additionally, a solution to the problem of light leakage to GaN substrate is proposed.
Analysis on Noise Requirements of RF Front-End Circuits for Spin Qubit Readout (2019)

Currently, radio frequency (RF) measurement setups for semiconductor qubits are implemented with high performance discrete devices operating at cryogenic temperatures, and the output signals are detected by room temperature instruments.This is impractical for a real quantum processor, and integrated circuits (ICs) should be designed for spin qubit readout in a practical quantum computer, to ensure system reliability and compactness.To guide the system-level IC design, we analyze in this work noise specifications of RF front-end circuits for qubit readout, mainly focusing on noise figure (NF) of the lownoise-amplifier (LNA) and phase noise (PN) of the voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO).RF reflectometry and RF dispersive gate sensing (DGS) are two main spin qubit readout techniques, both of which should detect weak reflected signals as low as -135 dBm and distinguish <1% amplitude or phase variation, which results in high sensitivity and low noise requirements for the readout circuits, to achieve the high measurement fidelity.For the analysis, we model the RF reflectometry and RF-DGS as demodulators respectively of the on-off keying (OOK) signal and phase modulated (PM) signal from qubits.From this, we provide a first estimation of the required NF and PN for a given fidelity and readout bandwidth, as well as an insight into the relationship between phase resolution of RF-DGS and performance degradation due to PN of the VCO.We then review some state-of-the-art CMOS LNA and VCO topologies, which can be utilized in the spin qubit readout ICs to satisfy the specifications.