gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of HLA-DM transfection on hen egg lysozyme presentation by T2.Ak cells (1996)

T2 cells have a large homozygous deletion in the MHC II region. Transfection of MHC class II genes into T2 cells allows presentation of peptide but not native protein Ags. This defect in protein presentation has been attributed to the lack of HLA-DM, an MHC class II-related protein that facilitates the release of an invariant chain peptide (CLIP) intermediate from nascent MHC class II proteins within the endocytic compartment of APC. Here, we show that Ak molecules within isolated late endosome fractions of T1.Ak (wild-type) vs T2.Ak (HLA-DM-deficient) bind biotin-HEL46-61 at comparable levels, consistent with previous observations that Ak molecules on T2 cells are not predominantly occupied with CLIP. However, Ak molecules in the late endosomes of T2.Ak fail to present peptide to a T hybrid, whereas the late endosomes from T1.Ak have no such defect. Transfection of HLA-DM A and B into T2.Ak partially restores protein Ag presentation by T2.Ak cells. These data suggest that HLA-DM can play a role in Ag presentation in addition to its role in CLIP release. However, even after DM transfection there remains a 10-fold difference in the dose-response curve for hen egg lysozyme presentation by T1.Ak vs T2.Ak/DM cells. In addition, HLA-DM transfection fails to restore presentation by late endosome fractions. The failure to fully restore Ag presentation in T2.Ak cells by DM transfection suggests that another gene product, required for efficient Ag presentation, may be absent from the late endosomes of T2.
Solar Array Structures for 300 kW-Class Spacecraft (2013)

State-of-the-art solar arrays for spacecraft provide on the order of 20 kW of electrical power, and they usually consist of 3J solar cells bonded to hinged rigid panels about 1 inch in thickness. This structural construction allows specific mass and packaging volumes of up to approximately 70 W/kg and 15 kW/m3 to be achieved. Significant advances in solar array structures are required for future very-high-power spacecraft (300+ kW), such as those proposed for pre-positioning heavy cargo on or near the Moon, Mars, or asteroids using solar electric propulsion. These applications will require considerable increases in both W/kg and kW/m3, and will undoubtedly require the use of flexible-substrate designs. This presentation summarizes work sponsored by NASA's Game Changing Development Program since Oct. 2011 to address the challenge of developing 300+ kW solar arrays. The work is primarily being done at NASA Langley, NASA Glenn, and two contractor teams (ATK and DSS), with technical collaboration from AFRL/Kirtland. The near-tem objective of the project is design, analysis, and testing of 30-50 kW solar array designs that are extensible to the far-term objective of 300+ kW. The work is currently focused on three designs: the MegaFlex concept by ATK, the Mega-ROSA concept by DSS, and an in-house 300-kW Government Reference Array concept. Each of these designs will be described in the presentation. Results obtained to date by the team, as well as future work plans, for the design, analysis, and testing of these large solar array structures will be summarized.
Military qualification of a high-reliability, light-weight 24 V/30 Ah aircraft battery (2001)

The United States Navy has flown Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries (VRLA) for approximately 18 years. The first VRLA aircraft batteries were cylindrical cell design and evolved to a prismatic design to save weight, volume, and to increase rate capability. This paper discusses the next generation of the VRLA aircraft battery. The HORIZON composite grid VRLA design reduces weight, increases high rate performance, and is expected to increase service life. This paper discusses the weight reduction over the present 30 Ah prismatic VRLA aircraft battery design; improvements in high rate engine start performance, and present status of the development effort. Finally, the paper discusses the applications for the 30 Ah composite grid VRLA aircraft battery, and shows the future application opportunities for light-weight VRLA, both in the military and commercially.
Quantification of signal selection efficiency, extra volume suppression and contamination for ISIS, STEAM and PRESS localized1H NMR spectroscopy using an EEC localization test object (1995)

The three most widely used single-volume NMR localization techniques (ISIS, STEAM and PRESS) are assessed quantitatively for 1H spectroscopy using an EEC localization test object. Signal selection efficiency, suppression of outer volume signals and contamination are measured on a 1.5 T whole-body Siemens GBS1 system. The ISIS signal selection efficiency (volume of interest (VOI), 1-125 cm3) ranged from 90% to 95%, with T1 relaxation during the sequence shown to account for the observed 5-10% signal loss. Contamination for ISIS was found to be higher for smaller VOIS and ranged from approximately 45% (VOI = 1 cm3) to approximately 9% (VOI = 125 cm3). For PRESS, contamination ranged from 7% to 12% and it was between 3% and 8% for STEAM. However, the maximum signal selection efficiency for the latter two techniques (echo time, 270 ms) was relatively low (10-17%), and limited by T2 losses and the non-rectangular slice profiles of sinc pulses.
Selective activation of central thalamic fiber pathway facilitates behavioral performance in healthy non-human primates (2021)

Central thalamic deep brain stimulation (CT-DBS) is an investigational therapy to treat enduring cognitive dysfunctions in structurally brain injured (SBI) patients. However, the mechanisms of CT-DBS that promote restoration of cognitive functions are unknown, and the heterogeneous etiology and recovery profiles of SBI patients contribute to variable outcomes when using conventional DBS strategies,which may result in off-target effects due to activation of multiple pathways. To disambiguate the effects of stimulation of two adjacent thalamic pathways, we modeled and experimentally compared conventional and novel 'field-shaping' methods of CT-DBS within the central thalamus of healthy non-human primates (NHP) as they performed visuomotor tasks. We show that selective activation of the medial dorsal thalamic tegmental tract (DTTm), but not of the adjacent centromedian-parafascicularis (CM-Pf) pathway, results in robust behavioral facilitation. Our predictive modeling approach in healthy NHPs directly informs ongoing and future clinical investigations of conventional and novel methods of CT-DBS for treating cognitive dysfunctions in SBI patients, for whom no therapy currently exists.
A Review of the Hypocalcaemia Contributions given at the 11th ICPD (2003)

Roche et al. (New Zealand
Eigenstates of a small Josephson junction coupled to a resonant cavity (2001)

We carry out a quantum-mechanical analysis of a small Josephson junction coupled to a single-mode resonant cavity. We find that the eigenstates of the combined junction-cavity system are strongly entangled only when the gate voltage applied at one of the superconducting islands is tuned to certain special values. One such value corresponds to the resonant absorption of a single photon by Cooper pairs in the junction. Another special value corresponds to a two-photon absorption process. Near the single-photon resonant absorption, the system is accurately described by a simplified model in which only the lowest two levels of the Josephson junction are retained in the Hamiltonian matrix. We noticed that this approximation does not work very well as the number of photons in the resonator increases. Our system shows also the phenomenon of ``collapse and revival'' under suitable initial conditions, and our full numerical solution agrees with the two level approximation result.
Serum Amyloid A3 Promoter-Driven Luciferase Activity Enables Visualization of Diabetic Kidney Disease (2022)

The early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice is necessary for the development of drugs and functional foods. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are significantly upregulated in the early stage of DN progression and develop a novel model to non-invasively monitor disease progression within living animals using in vivo imaging technology. Streptozotocin (STZ) treatment has been widely used as a DN model; however, it also exhibits direct cytotoxicity to the kidneys. As it is important to distinguish between DN-related and STZ-induced nephropathy, in this study, we compared renal responses induced by the diabetic milieu with two types of STZ models: multiple low-dose STZ injections with a high-fat diet and two moderate-dose STZ injections to induce DN. We found 221 genes whose expression was significantly altered during DN development in both models and identified serum amyloid A3 (<i>Saa3</i>) as a candidate gene. Next, we applied the Saa3 promoter-driven luciferase reporter (Saa3-promoter luc mice) to these two STZ models and performed in vivo bioluminescent imaging to monitor the progression of renal pathology. In this study, to further exclude the possibility that the in vivo bioluminescence signal is related to renal cytotoxicity by STZ treatment, we injected insulin into Saa3-promoter luc mice and showed that insulin treatment could downregulate renal inflammatory responses with a decreased signal intensity of in vivo bioluminescence imaging. These results strongly suggest that Saa3 promoter activity is a potent non-invasive indicator that can be used to monitor DN progression and explore therapeutic agents and functional foods.
Renin Cells Are Precursors for Multiple Cell Types that Switch to the Renin Phenotype When Homeostasis Is Threatened (2021)

AbstractRenin-synthesizing cells are crucial in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. Adult mammals subjected to manipulations that threaten homeostasis increase circulating renin by increasing the number of renin-expressing/-releasing cells. We hypothesize that the ability of adult cells to synthesize renin does not occur randomly in any cell type, depending instead on the cell's lineage. To determine the fate of renin-expressing cells, we generated knockin mice expressing cre recombinase in renin-expressing cells and crossed them with reporter mice. Results show that renin-expressing cells are precursors for a variety of cells that differentiate into non-renin-expressing cells such as smooth-muscle, epithelial, mesangial, and extrarenal cells. In the kidney, these cells retain the capability to synthesize renin when additional hormone is required to reestablish homeostasis: specific subpopulations of apparently differentiated cells are "held in reserve" to respond (repeatedly) by de-differentiating and expressing renin in response to stress, and re-differentiating when the crisis passes.
An algebraic approach to surface reconstruction from gradient fields (2005)

Several important problems in computer vision such as shape from shading (SFS) and photometric stereo (PS) require reconstructing a surface from an estimated gradient field, which is usually non-integrable, i.e. have non-zero curl. We propose a purely algebraic approach to enforce integrability in discrete domain. We first show that enforcing integrability can be formulated as solving a single linear system Ax =b over the image. In general, this system is under-determined. We show conditions under which the system can be solved and a method to get to those conditions based on graph theory. The proposed approach is non-iterative, has the important property of local error confinement and can be applied to several problems. Results on SFS and PS demonstrate the applicability of our method.
Notch toughness of fiber mat composites (1997)

The term fiber mat composites is meant to describe any composite material based on discrete fibers, often with an orientation distribution of the fibers which is random-in-the-plane. Glass mat ther ...
Intranasal insulin influences the olfactory performance of patients with smell loss, dependent on the body mass index: A pilot study (2015)

Results of this pilot study shed light on the link between cerebral insulin level and an impaired sense of smell. This research line might provide a better understanding of olfactory loss in relation to eating and dietary behavior, and could offer opportunities to develop faster therapeutic intervention for patients with olfactory dysfunction.
Planning Intercity Railways in China's Mega-City Regions: Insights from the Pearl River Delta* (2014)

Chinese mega-city regions have become a new scale of capital accumulation and state regulation. In recent years these regions have attracted much scholarly attention; however, the growing research on regional spaces in China is marked by a lack of what we term “realpolitik” and an absence of rigorous case studies. This study uses the “politics of scale” to empirically investigate the realpolitik factors in the intercity railway planning process in the Pearl River Delta. To this end, we establish a two-dimensional approach to unravel the interscalar and intercity politics during this process. We argue that in an institutional vacuum, ad hoc measures have been frequently used to facilitate interscalar and intercity bargaining. This case study also establishes a new perspective for understanding China’s urban and regional transformation. Rather than treating the state as a passive agent, coping with the powerful forces of decentralization and market reform, we argue that the state has strategically redefined itself and has become even more sophisticated in its structures, functions, and tactics. The traditional one-sided and unidirectional approach to state-space analysis cannot adequately address these issues. A new perspective that considers the politics of various scales is needed to study the emerging state regime in China.
Local Voltage Degradations (Drying and Flooding) Analysis Through 3D Stack Thermal Modeling (2010)

Temperature is a key parameter of fuel cell efficiency. In air cooled fuel cell stacks, large temperature disparities are observed. This temperature distribution has a significant influence on cell behavior in the stack, resulting in voltage disparities. The aim of this study, thus, is to correlate the temperature distribution in the stack to local voltage degradations, such as membrane drying and electrodes flooding. Indeed, the temperature has a strong impact on the water distribution in the cells because the saturation pressure is thermo-dependent. As a result, the hottest cells are prone to drying, whereas the coolest cells tend to be flooded, depending on the operating conditions. Measurements show that while drying, cell voltages decrease slowly and continuously until complete shutdown of the cells, whereas flooding results in quick voltage drops. Under drying conditions, voltage can be improved by increasing the inlet gas humidity or decrease in the stoichiometric ratio. In the case of flooding cells, purging the stack or reducing the inlet gas humidity is necessary to avoid complete shutdown of the cells. Consequently, small cell temperature variations through the stack can be responsible for large voltage variations from one cell to another. The cooling device must thus be optimized to reduce stack temperature nonuniformity.
Type testing of a new TLD for the UK Health Protection Agency (2007)

The UK Health Protection Agency is currently commissioning a new personal dosimetry system based on the use of Harshaw two-element thermoluminescent dosemeter cards using LiF:Mg,Cu,P. Results of extensive type testing carried out with reference to IEC 61066, "Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Systems for Personal and Environmental Monitoring", have been presented.
Comparative genomics of closely related strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae reveals genes possibly involved in colistin resistance (2013)

Strains of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging worldwide, due to the increased use of this molecule in antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections. Comparative genomics was performed on three closely related K. pneumoniae strains isolated from three patients in a single hospital in Bologna, Italy. Two of these isolates are colistin-resistant, while the third is sensitive to this antibiotic. The designed bioinformatic approach detected, among the three analyzed genomes, single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, specific patterns of gene presence and absence, in a total of 270 genes. These genes were analyzed by automatic and manual methods, to identify those potentially involved in colistin resistance, based on the data available in the literature and on the mechanism of action of colistin, the alteration of the outer membrane. Three of the identified genes (waaL, rfbA, vacJ), all presenting non-synonymous substitutions in the colistin resistant strains, resulted to be of special interest, due to the specific function of their protein products, involved in the biosynthesis of the outer bacterial membrane.
Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted In-Tip Digestion of Proteins (2009)

Trypsin was immobilized on glycidylmethacrylate-co-divinylbenzene (GMA/DVB) polymerized in pipet tips for online enzymatic digestion of proteins. The major advantages of in-tip digestion are easy handling and small sample amount required for analysis. Microwave-assisted digestion was applied for highly efficient and time saving proteolysis. Adaption to an automated robotic system allowed fast and reproducible sample treatment. Investigations with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) attested high sequence coverages (SCs) for the three standard proteins, myoglobin (Myo, 89%), bovine serum albumin (BSA, 78%) and alpha-casein (alpha-Cas, 83%). Compared to commercially available trypsin tips, clear predominance concerning the digestion performance was achieved. Storageability was tested over a period of several weeks and results showed only little decrease (<5%) of protein sequence coverages. The application of microwave-assisted in-tip digestion (2 min) with full automation by a robotic system allows high-throughput analysis (96 samples within 80 min) and highly effective proteolysis.
Measurement of small lesions near metallic implants with mega-voltage cone beam CT (2008)

Metallic objects severely limit diagnostic CT imaging because of their high X-ray attenuation in the diagnostic energy range. In contrast, radiation therapy linear accelerators now offer CT imaging with X-ray energies in the megavolt range, where the attenuation coefficients of metals are significantly lower. We hypothesized that Mega electron-Voltage Cone-Beam CT (MVCT) implemented on a radiation therapy linear accelerator can detect and quantify small features in the vicinity of metallic implants with accuracy comparable to clinical Kilo electron-Voltage CT (KVCT) for imaging. Our test application was detection of osteolytic lesions formed near the metallic stem of a hip prosthesis, a condition of severe concern in hip replacement surgery. Both MVCT and KVCT were used to image a phantom containing simulated osteolytic bone lesions centered around a Chrome-Cobalt hip prosthesis stem with hemispherical lesions with sizes and densities ranging from 0.5 to 4 mm radius and 0 to 500 mg&bull;cm<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. Images for both modalities were visually graded to establish lower limits of lesion visibility as a function of their size. Lesion volumes and mean density were determined and compared to reference values. Volume determination errors were reduced from 34%, on KVCT, to 20% for all lesions on MVCT, and density determination errors were reduced from 71% on KVCT to 10% on MVCT. Localization and quantification of lesions was improved with MVCT imaging. MVCT offers a viable alternative to clinical CT in cases where accurate 3D imaging of small features near metallic hardware is critical. These results need to be extended to other metallic objects of different composition and geometry.
Power flow and inductor current analysis of PWM control for Dual Active Bridge converter (2016)

PWM control method is an important method for the optimization operation of Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. The traditional way which is used to analyze PWM control is not precise and comprehensive. This paper gives the accurate calculation of power flow and RMS value of inductor current by proposing a novel method. Six modes are analyzed based on the control signal distributions. Finally, the simulations and experiments are used to verify the theoretic results.
Abstract 2450: Long-term Clinical Follow-up After Rotational Atherectomy to Coronary Arterial Stenosis in Kawasaki Disease (2006)

Background: Although rotational atherectomy (RA) have been proven to be effective in calcified and non-dilatable lesions in Kawasaki disease, long-term efficacy and safety have not been established...
Potent Antitrypanosomal Activities of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

African sleeping sickness, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, is universally fatal if untreated, and current drugs are limited by severe toxicities and difficult administration. New antitrypanosomals are greatly needed. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a conserved and ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone essential for stress responses and cellular signaling. We investigated Hsp90 inhibitors for their antitrypanosomal activity. Geldanamycin and radicicol had nanomolar potency in vitro against bloodstream-form T. brucei; novobiocin had micromolar activity. In structure-activity studies of geldanamycin analogs, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG were most selective against T. brucei as compared to mammalian cells. 17-AAG treatment sensitized trypanosomes to heat shock and caused severe morphological abnormalities and cell cycle disruption. Both oral and parenteral 17-DMAG cured mice of a normally lethal infection of T. brucei. These promising results support the use of inhibitors to study Hsp90 function in trypanosomes and to expand current clinical development of Hsp90 inhibitors to include T. brucei.
Chaos synchronization in fractional differential systems (2013)

This paper presents a brief overview of recent developments in chaos synchronization in coupled fractional differential systems, where the original viewpoints are retained. In addition to complete synchronization, several other extended concepts of synchronization, such as projective synchronization, hybrid projective synchronization, function projective synchronization, generalized synchronization and generalized projective synchronization in fractional differential systems, are reviewed.
Flame-Resisting Wool with Halo-Organic Compounds (1976)

Several aromatic compounds have been synthesized and/or tested for their ability to flame-resist wool. Bromine is incorporated in the molecule to impart flame retardancy, sulfonic acid or other groups for water solubility or emulsifiability in aqueous systems, and nucleophilic or other reactive sites for the subsequent attachment of specialized fiber reactive groups to provide covalent bonding to wool where washfastness is desired. Flame resistance increases as the acidic nature of the molecule increases. Tribromometanilic acid and tetrabromophthalic acid, although not wash-fast, were the most promising of the compounds tested. Tribromometanilic acid is capable of flame-resisting wool fabrics which have been made shrink-resistant with ozone.