gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Monocarbenepalladium(0) Complexes and Their Catalytic Behavior in Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryldiazonium Salts. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Numerical Method for Calculating the Eigen Values of the Finite 1-dimensional Diffusion Model (1967)

方程式cotω= (ω/σ-σ/ω)/gの正根ω々任意のσに対して, 必要な個数だけ順序よく希望する精度で求めるための計算機プログラムを開発した。手法としては, 二分法を採用した。このプログラムでは1つのωを求めるために必要な計算時間はσに無関係で, 希望する精度で増減する。
Influence of Internal Fixator Stiffness on Murine Fracture Healing: Two Types of Fracture Healing Lead to Two Distinct Cellular Events and FGF-2 Expressions (2011)

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the mechanical environment at the fracture site and endogenous fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). We compared two types of fracture healing with different callus formations and cellular events using MouseFix(TM) plate fixation systems for murine fracture models. Left femoral fractures were induced in 72 ten-week-old mice and then fixed with a flexible (Group F) or rigid (Group R) Mouse Fix(TM) plate. Mice were sacrificed on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21. The callus volumes were measured by 3D micro-CT and tissues were histologically stained with hematoxylin & eosin or safranin-O. Sections from days 3, 5, and 7 were immunostained for FGF-2 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The callus in Group F was significantly larger than that in Group R. The rigid plate allowed bone union without a marked external callus or chondrogenesis. The flexible plate formed a large external callus as a result of endochondral ossification. Fibroblastic cells in the granulation tissue on days 5 and 7 in Group F showed marked FGF-2 expression compared with Group R. Fibroblastic cells showed ongoing proliferation in granulation tissue in group F, as indicated by PCNA expression, which explained the relative granulation tissue increase in group F. There were major differences in early phase endogenous FGF-2 expression between these two fracture healing processes, due to different mechanical environments.
The Link between Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) and Standard Normal Variate (SNV) Transformations of NIR Spectra (1994)

We demonstrate that set-dependent multiplicative scatter correction and set-independent standard normal variate transformations of NIR spectra are linearly related as theoretically expected. It is shown that the mean and standard deviation of the set-mean-spectrum together with the correlation coefficient between each individual spectrum and set-mean-spectrum are required to link these two transformations. It is through these three quantities, that set-dependency is incorporated into spectra derived by application of multiplicative scatter correction. MSC and SNV are two alternative approaches to reduce particle size effects and they are interconvertible.
Complementary optical rogue waves in parametric three-wave mixing (2016)

We investigate the resonant interaction of two optical pulses of the same group velocity with a pump pulse of different velocity in a weakly dispersive quadratic medium and report on the complementary rogue wave dynamics which are unique to such a parametric three-wave mixing. Analytic rogue wave solutions up to the second order are explicitly presented and their robustness is confirmed by numerical simulations, in spite of the onset of modulation instability activated by quantum noise.
Impact of New Motor Deficit on HRQOL After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery (2020)

In the subgroup of deformity patients who developed a new motor deficit, total HRQOLs and HRQOL changes were negatively impacted. Patients with more than 2 points of LEMS worsening had the worst changes, but still showed overall HRQOL improvement at 6 months and 2 years compared with pre-op baseline.Level of Evidence: 3.
Sonothrombolysis Improves Myocardial Dynamics and Microvascular Obstruction Preventing Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2020)

Sonothrombolysis reduces microvascular obstruction and improves myocardial dynamics in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and is an independent predictor of left ventricular remodeling over time.
The development of essential fatty acid deficiency in healthy men fed fat-free diets intravenously and orally. (1975)

The hypothesis that clinical and biochemical essential fatty acid deficiency (EFA) might occur from the feeding of eucaloric, fat-free diets was tested in two experiments in healthy men. In Study I, eight men were given fat-free, eucaloric diets containing 80% of calories as glucose and 20% as amino acid hydrolysates by a constant drip over a 24-h period. The diets were fed in succession for periods of 2 wk each, either through a superior vena cava catheter or via a nasogastric tube. EFA deficiency was detected by decreases in linoleic acid and by the appearance of 5, 8, 11-eicosatrienoic acid in lipid fractions of plasma. Linoleic acid decreased significantly during 2 wk of the fat-free diet given intravenously from 48.8 to 9.8% (percent of total fatty acids) in cholesterol esters, from 21.2 to 3.2% in phospholipids, from 9.6 to 2.0% in free fatty acids, and from 14.1 to 2.6% in triglycerides. Eicosatrienoic acid, normally undetectable, appeared 0.6% in cholesterol esters, 2.5% in phospholipids, 0.2% in free fatty acids, and 2.3% in triglycerides. EFA deficiency occurred similarly during the nasogastric feeding. In Study II a subject received the same diet continuously by the nasogastric route for 10 days followed by a 24-h fast. He was then given the fat-free diet intermittently in three meals per day for 3 days. Finally, he was repleted with a diet containing 2.6% linoleic acid. By the 3rd day of the continuous nasogastric feeding, linoleic acid had fallen significantly and eicosatrienoic acid had appeared in plasma lipid fractions as in Study I. These findings were accentuated by day 10. Adipose tissue fatty acid composition did not change. Free fatty acid outflow from adipose tissue was presumably suppressed during the 10 days of continuous feeding. With increased free fatty acid outflow during fasting and intermittent feeding, linoleic acid rose and eicosatrienoic acid decreased. After 13 days of repletion with dietary linoleic acid, the EFA deficiency readily develops when fat-free diets containing glucose are given intravenously or orally as constant 24-h infusions. These diets are similar to the hyperalimentation formulas now being used clinically.
Improved rate capability of the conducting functionalized FTO-coated Li-[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode material for Li-ion batteries (2015)

FTO-LRMO nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple polymer-pyrolysis method and then coated with FTO to form a conductive protection layer. The FTO-LRMO electrode exhibits enhanced rate capability and cycling stability.
CCLXXIII.—Nitrosation of phenols. Part III. Nitrosation of 4-halogeno-o- and -m-cresols and oximation of the 4-halogeno-2 : 5-toluquinones (1926)

H. H. Hodgson and F. H. Moore, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 2036 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262902036
In vitro release of vancomycin and tobramycin from impregnated human and bovine bone grafts (2000)

In order to combine the effects of bone repair and eradication of infection, with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, the behaviour of a compound of bone graft and antibiotics was investigated. Samples of human and bovine bone, cancellous and cortical, were processed and incubated with vancomycin and tobramycin, respectively. The compound was placed in 5% human albumin and the surrounding liquid was exchanged completely every 24 h. Concentrations of antibiotics in the fluid were measured over < or = 28 days using high pressure liquid chromatography and a bioassay. All tested combinations eluted mainly in the initial phase with a logarithmic decrease over the testing period. The concentration of antibiotics in the albumin was well above the MIC for common pathogens throughout the investigation in all tested specimens. The highest initial concentrations were measured in the compound of bovine bone together with vancomycin (24395.8 +/- 1138.9 mg/L), decreasing to 9.02 +/- 1.3 mg/L after 11 exchanges. Human and bovine bone did not have significantly different properties. The storage capability of cortical bone was generally lower than that of cancellous bone. Tobramycin concentrations were significantly lower in the initial phase; however, it eluted more steadily and over a longer period, so that from day 6 onwards, its concentration was greater than that of vancomycin. After 28 days, the tobramycin concentration was 18.09 +/- 2.46 mg/L (bovine cancellous bone). In conclusion, bone, if processed adequately, is an excellent carrier for vancomycin and tobramycin. Cortical bone is as suitable as cancellous bone. The pharmacokinetics of human and bovine bone are comparable. Using an antibiotic-graft compound, eradication of pathogens and grafting of bony defects may be accomplished in a one-stage procedure.
Using a diagnostic ultrasound system for photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (2021)

Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a novel, non-invasive, and agent-free therapeutic technique that uses a combination of relatively low-intensity ultrasound bursts and nanosecond laser pulses to selectively and precisely remove highly optically absorptive targets. In this work, we developed an integrated ultrasound photoacoustic theranostic system (UPTS) by combining a ultrasound system (V1, Verasonics) with a pulsed laser system. The results from the ex vivo experiments in rabbit tissues demonstrated that UPTS, by working with appropriate laser wavelengths, can selectively remove tissues such as knee tendon and liver via the cavitation synergistically created by the ultrasound bursts and the laser pulses. Such a theranostic system can deliver effective PUT treatment to biological samples along with real-time monitoring by the integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.
Over 3 W high-efficiency vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers and application as efficient fiber laser pump sources (2005)

We report on the design and fabrication of high-power, high-brightness diode-pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Over 3 W continuous wave fundamental transverse mode (TEM00) output at 980 nm with a high slope efficiency of 44% is demonstrated at room temperature. The diffraction-limited beam with M2 factor of 1.15 at high-power operation is achieved. A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser operating near 976 nm with a diffraction-limited beam is used to pump the core of 3 cm long Er∕Yb-codoped single-mode phosphate fiber lasers. An output power in excess of 250 mW at 1535 nm with a slope efficiency of 29% is obtained without any cooling.
Protection of Human HepG2 Cells against Oxidative Stress by Cocoa Phenolic Extract (2008)

Cocoa is a rich source of flavanols and procyanidin oligomers with antioxidative properties, providing protection against oxidation and nitration. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of a polyphenolic extract from cocoa on cell viability and antioxidant defenses of cultured human HepG2 cells submitted to oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH). Pretreatment of cells with 0.05-50 microg/mL of cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE) for 2 or 20 h completely prevented cell damage and enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes induced by a treatment with t-BOOH. Moreover, lower levels of GSH caused by t-BOOH in HepG2 cells were partly recovered by a pretreatment with CPE. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by t-BOOH was dose-dependently prevented when cells were pretreated for 2 or 20 h with CPE. These results show that treatment of HepG2 in culture with CPE (within the physiological range of concentrations) confers a significant protection against oxidation to the cells.
Multi-objective differential evolution and its application to enterprise planning (2004)

Agility is important to modern enterprises. The effective coordination of large numbers of potential suppliers and manufacturer, demands a scientific methodology rather than just practical experience to make decisions on supply manufacturing planning problems. Particularly in cases where multiple decision objectives are important to process planning, empirical decisions are insufficient. This paper introduces formal methods to solve such multi-objective decision problems involved in general supply manufacturing planning, and specifically describes the extension of differential evolution methods to discrete problem domains. An enterprise planning problem with two objectives-cycle time and cost is used as a principal example. Such multi-objective optimization problems usually are very large and nonlinear. In this paper, the concept of differential evolution, which is well-known in single-objective continuous domain for its fast convergence and adaptive parameter setting, is extended to the discrete domain by introducing greedy probability, mutation probability, and crossover probability. Moreover, this concept is extended to discrete multi-objective optimization problem. The proposed discrete multi-objective differential evolution, or D-MODE algorithm is applied to obtain Pareto solutions of this general planning problem. A practical example in the electronics industry is used as an illustrative example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed D-MODE.
Etiology of Severe Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children in the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (2017)

Rotavirus remained the leading etiology of acute watery diarrhea despite a clear impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction. Norovirus GII, Cryptosporidium, Shigella, ST-ETEC, and adenovirus 40/41 were also important. Prospective surveillance can help identify priorities for further reducing the burden of diarrhea.
SOPHIA primary analysis: A phase 3 (P3) study of margetuximab (M) + chemotherapy (C) versus trastuzumab (T) + C in patients (pts) with HER2+ metastatic (met) breast cancer (MBC) after prior anti-HER2 therapies (Tx). (2019)

1000 Background: Pretreated HER2+ MBC lacks a defined standard of care, although T is commonly used. M has similar HER2 binding and antiproliferative effects as T. By contrast, M’s Fc region is engineered to increase affinity for both alleles of the activating Fc receptor (FcR), CD16A, and decrease affinity for the inhibitory FcR, CD32B. The low affinity CD16A-158F allele (~85% of population) has been associated with diminished clinical response to T. In a Phase 1 trial, M demonstrated acceptable safety, anti-tumor activity, and evidence of HER2-specific antibody and T-cell responses. Methods: SOPHIA (NCT02492711), a randomized, open-label P3 trial, enrolled pts with HER2+ MBC after pertuzumab and 1–3 lines of prior Tx for MBC. Pts were randomized 1:1 to M (15 mg/kg IV q3w + C) or T (6 [8 for loading dose] mg/kg IV q3w + C), stratified by met sites (≤2, &gt; 2), lines of Tx for met disease (≤2, &gt; 2), and C choice (standard dose capecitabine, eribulin, gemcitabine, or vinorelbine). Primary endpoints are central blinded PFS and OS, assessed sequentially using the stratified log-rank test. Objective response rate (ORR) was a secondary endpoint. 257 PFS events were required to provide 90% power to show PFS superiority at 2-sided α = 0.05. Results: Intent-to-treat analysis (536 pts: M 266; T 270) occurred after 265 PFS events. M prolonged PFS over T (median 5.8 vs 4.9 mo, hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59–0.98; P= 0.033). Treatment effects were more pronounced in pts with CD16A genotypes containing a 158F allele (median PFS 6.9 vs 5.1 mo, HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; P= 0.005). In 524 pts with baseline measurable disease (M 262; T 262), ORR was higher with M (22%; 95% CI, 17.3-27.7%) vs T (16%; 95% CI 11.8-21.0%). Safety profiles were comparable in 529 pts who received study therapy. Grade ≥3 AEs and serious AEs occurred in 138 (52%) and 39 (15%) vs 128 (48%) and 46 (17%) pts on M vs T, respectively. PFS data cutoff: 10/10/18. Conclusions: In combination with chemotherapy in pretreated HER2+ MBC, M improves PFS over T with comparable safety. CD16A genotyping suggests a differential benefit in patients with a 158F allele. OS data are maturing. Clinical trial information: NCT02492711.
코로나19 바이러스 감염 확산에 대응한 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책의 효과 분석 - 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책이 코로나19 바이러스 감염재생산지수에 미치는 영향 - (2021)

본 연구는 코로나19 글로벌 팬데믹에 대응하여 학교 및 직장폐쇄 등 각국 정부가 추진한 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책(Containment and closure)의 효과를 분석하였다. 독립변수는 영국 옥스퍼드 대학 코로나19 정부대응지표(The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker)를 중심으로, 종속변수로는 코로나19 확산 증감을 알 수 있는 코로나19 감염재생산지수(Reproduction number)로 패널 모형을 구축하였다. 분석 범위는 2020년 1월 23일부터 2020년 11월 20일까지 총 303일간 157개국을 대상으로 하였으며 독립변수와 종속변수 간의 시차를 바이러스 감염 잠복기간인 7일과 14일로 구분하여 정책의 시차 효과 및 적시성을 파악할 수 있도록 모형을 설계하였다. 분석 결과, 7일 시차 모델(Xt-7)과 14일 시차 모델(Xt-14)의 패널 고정효과 모델에서는 학교 폐쇄와 직장 폐쇄의 경우에는 정책의 강도를 강화할수록 코로나19 감염재생산지수를 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 공공행사 취소, 집합제한, 대중교통 중단, 자가 격리, 지역 내 이동 제한, 국제여행 제한 등은 시차 모델별 및 정책강도별에 유의하지 않거나 증가하는 것으로 확인되어 강건성 검증을 통해 추가 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 패널 간 이분산성을 확인할 수 있었으며 이분산성과 자기상관성을 고려한 Prais-Winsten Regression Model 7일 시차 모델(Xt-7)에서는 자가 격리와 지역 내 이동제한을 제외한 모든 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책에서, 14일 시차 모델(Xt-14)에서는 대중교통 중단을 제외한 모든 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책에서 정책의 강도를 제고할수록 코로나19 감염재생산지수 감소에 유의한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 코로나19부터의 위험 상황 속에서 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책의 효과를 검증하고 한정된 정책 수단 속에서 정책 강도에 따른 우선순위를 제시할 수 있는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 또한 독립변수인 봉쇄 및 폐쇄정책과 종속변수인 코로나19 감염재생산지수 사이의 7일간의 시차 모델(Xt-7)과 14일간의 시차 모델(Xt-14) 검증은 각각 정책수단별로 그 효과가 어느 시기에 효과가 있는지를 검증하여 향후 정책 설계 시, 정책 효과 예측 및 우선 순위 설정 등을 가능하게 한다는 점에서 주목할 필요가 있다.
Analysis of Voltage Control Strategies for Wind Farms (2019)

PCC voltage control is an important key to deal with upcoming challenges of large-scale wind power integration into electric grid. In this paper, based on the derived transfer functions of the plant and controllers, the dynamic performance of three voltage control strategies (centralized, decentralized, and distributed control) is evaluated in terms of robustness to variation of short-circuit ratio (SCR), disturbance rejection (DR), and impact of communication delay. After showing shortcomings of each strategy, an improved voltage control strategy with lower sensitivity to SCR variation and higher capability on grid voltage DR as well as on reactive current dispatch is proposed. The theoretical analysis is validated by simulation results in MATLAB. Finally, a small wind farm is modeled and simulated in RTDS to demonstrate the possible control interaction and reactive current sharing performance of the studied control schemes.
Low Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Is Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Events in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2016)

Recent reports demonstrated that dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) acts as an inhibitor of vascular calcification and might be a potential biomarker for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder; however, no clinical investigations regarding DMP1 have been performed in dialysis patients. We investigated the prognostic value of DMP1 on cardiovascular outcomes in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients. We recruited 223 prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients and divided them into high and low DMP1 groups according to log-transformed plasma DMP1 levels. Lateral lumbar spine radiographs were used for measurement of vascular calcification. Major cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. A Cox proportional hazards analysis determined DMP1 was independently associated with cardiovascular outcomes. In vitro mouse osteocytes were cultured in media containing indoxyl sulfate (IS), and the expressions of DMP1 were examined. The mean age was 52.1 ± 11.8 years, and 116 (52.0%) patients were male. The median value of log DMP1 was 0.91 (0.32-2.81 ng/mL). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that DMP1 levels were independently associated with the presence of vascular calcification after adjustment for multiple confounding factors (odds ratio = 0.719; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.522-0.989; p = 0.043). During a mean follow-up duration of 34.6 months, incident cardiovascular events were observed in 41 (18.4%) patients. A Kaplan-Meier plot showed that the low DMP1 group had a significantly higher rate of incident cardiovascular events compared with the high DMP1 group (log-rank test, p = 0.026). In addition, multiple Cox analysis showed that low DMP1 was significantly associated with incident cardiovascular events (log 1 increase: hazard ratio = 0.855; 95% CI 0.743-0.984; p = 0.029) after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. In IS-stimulated osteocytes, mRNA and protein expression levels of DMP1 were significantly decreased compared with control osteocytes. We showed that low DMP1 levels were significantly associated with presence of vascular calcification and were independently associated with the incident cardiovascular events in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients. DMP1 might be a potential factor contributing to cardiovascular complications in dialysis patients. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Wave Rotor Combustor Test Rig Preliminary Design (2004)

Pressure gain combustion in a wave rotor approaching the thermodynamic ideal of constant volume combustion has been proposed to significantly enhance the performance of gas turbine engines. A computational and experimental program is currently being conducted to investigate the combustion process and performance of a wave rotor with detonative and near-detonative internal combustion. An innovative and flexible preliminary design of the test rig is presented to demonstrate the operation and performance of the system. A preliminary design method based on a sequence of computational models is used to design wave processes for testing in the rig and to define rig geometry and operating conditions. The operating cycle allows for propagation of the combustion front from the exit end of the combustion channel to the inlet end. This is similar to and motivated by the Constant Volume Combustor (CVC) concept that seeks to produce a relatively uniform set of outflow conditions in both spatial and time coordinates.
Retrospective Analysis of the Cyvadic Regimen in Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas (1989)

We performed a retrospective review of our data obtained with the original CYVADIC regimen in 31 consecutive patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. The treatment consisted of cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. from day 1, vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 in days 1 and 5, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, and dAcarbazine 250 mg/m2 i.v. from days 1 to 5, repeated every 3 weeks. An objective response was observed in 11/31 patients (35.5%). There were 2 complete remissions (6.5%) lasting 23 and 2 months respectively and 9 partial responses (median duration 7 months, range 1-23). No change was observed in 14 patients, and 6 patients showed progression after a median of 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Toxicity was similar to that already described with this regimen, with alopecia, nausea, vomiting and myelosuppression being the most important side effects. In particular, the median WBC nadir was 1,900/mm3 (range 400-3,600/mm3) whereas the platelet nadir was 181,000/mm3 (range 80,000-358,000/mm3); no patient developed congestive heart failure, and no treatment related death was observed. Still today, after 10 years of use, the CYVADIC regimen is very widely employed as a standard treatment for recurrent or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas, although the original positive results have been confirmed only by a few authors. In our retrospective analysis of a totally unselected population of patients, we too observed a lower activity which is, however, according to a recent review, similar to the mean value of responses obtained in the whole population of treated patients reported in the literature.