gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 4-channel, 18 b ΣΔ modulator IC with chopped-offset stabilization (2002)

Switched-capacitor /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation presents special problems for high DC precision applications where offsets and offset drifts must be minimized. Traditional chopper stabilization techniques can have the adverse effect of aliasing the large amount of high-frequency quantization noise into baseband. One solution is to chop at integer multiples of the sampling frequency where the quantization noise spectrum is quiet. However, chopping at multiples of the sampling rate can increase the speed and power requirements on the amplifiers since it may be required to settle full output swings several times in each sampling interval. Alternatively, offset compensation has been used in /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators with the same offset and 1/f noise reduction effects as chopping, and with the additional benefit of opamp gain enhancement. Offset compensation effectiveness is limited by switch charge injection. Fully-differential circuit topologies help suppress errors caused by charge injection by rejecting common-mode charge injection but are still limited by switch mismatches. The author presents a /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator which uses offset compensation to suppress the amplifier offset and 1/f noise, and chopping of switches to average out mismatched charge injection effects. Chopping on the switches alone, unlike chopping the amplifier, does not substantially increase the demands on the amplifier, which is particularly important in high-speed, low-power applications.
DSP address optimization using a minimum cost circulation technique (1997)

This paper presents a new approach to solving the DSP address assignment problem. A minimum cost circulation approach is used to efficiently generate high performance addressing code in polynomial time. Addressing code size improvements of up to 7 times are obtained, accounting for up to 1.6 times improvement in code size and performance of compiler-generated DSP code. Results also show that memory layout has a small effect on code size and performance when optimal addressing is used. This research is important for industry since this value-added technique can improve code size, power dissipation and performance, without increasing cost.
The burden of proof (1971)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTThe burden of proofHARVEY BROOKSCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1971, 49, 7, 3Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1971Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 15 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v049n007.p003https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v049n007.p003editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1971 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (67 KB) SUBJECTS:Pest control,Safety Get e-Alerts
A Bio-Inspired Rotor Powered by a Micro-Bubble (2006)

This paper demonstrates experimentally the feasibility of a novel micro-rotor actuation concept. Also, steps are outlined to develop this micro-rotor into a MEMS -based motor delivering tunable, rotary power at the microscale. We demonstrate how a fluid flow, created by the interactions between a bubble and acoustic waves, can be exploited to assemble and power a micro-rotor at a speed as high as 625 rpm. The 65 μm micro -rotor is manufactured in SU-8 using photolithography, all inspired by a biological structure: the winged seed of the maple tree. Variables controlling the rotation speed are investigated, such as the bubble diameter, the acoustic excitation amplitude and frequency, as well as the rotor geometry.
Modeling of wave-induced irradiance fluctuations at near-surface depths in the ocean: a comparison with measurements (2010)

We develop a computationally fast radiative transfer model for simulating the fluctuations of the underwater downwelling irradiance E(d) at near-surface depths, which occur due to focusing of sunlight by wind-driven surface waves. The model is based on the hybrid matrix operator-Monte Carlo method, which was specifically designed for simulating radiative transfer in a coupled atmosphere-surface-ocean system involving a dynamic ocean surface. In the current version of the model, we use a simplified description of surface waves, which accounts for surface slope statistics, but not surface wave elevation, as a direct source of underwater light fluctuations. We compare the model results with measurements made in the Santa Barbara Channel. The model-simulated and measured time series of E(d)(t) show remarkable similarity. Major features of the probability distribution of instantaneous irradiance, the frequency content of irradiance fluctuations, and the statistical properties of light flashes produced by wave focusing are also generally consistent between the model simulations and measurements for a few near-surface depths and light wavelengths examined. Despite the simplification in the representation of surface waves, this model provides a reasonable first-order approximation to modeling the wave focusing effects at near-surface depths, which require high temporal and spatial resolution (of the order of 1 ms and 1 mm, respectively) to be adequately resolved.
Chemical Hydrogenations Using an Electro-Generated Mediator (2020)

The Electron-Coupled-Proton Buffer (see: Nature Chem. 2013 , 5 , 403-409; Nature Chem. 2018 , 10 , 1042-1047; Joule , 2018 , 2 , 1390-1395) permits the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction from water to be coupled to the reversible reduction and protonation of a redox mediator (rather than the coupling of the oxygen evolution reaction directly with hydrogen production). Careful selection of this redox mediator, along with judicious choice of the electrode material for the cathode reaction, can allow reduced species to be generated that are thermodynamically unstable with respect to hydrogen generation ( Science, 2014 , 345 , 1326-1330). These reduced mediators can either be used for spontaneous hydrogen generation (decoupled from the oxygen evolution step), or they can be used as soluble sources of hydrogen for performing the hydrogenation of organic molecules ( Chem. Commun. 2018 , 54 , 1093-1096). In this talk, we such discuss current progress and potential future avenues for the use of Electron-Coupled-Proton Buffers as reducing equivalents in organic synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETALS OF ACID LACTAMS AND AMIDES. 36. SOME REACTIONS OF ISOQUINOLINE SERIES S ENAMINES AND SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDO(4,3‐A)ISOQUINOLINES (1983)

Abstract Das Enamin (I) reagiert mit Carbonsäurechloriden (II) unter Substitution an der Enamin‐ Doppelbindung zu (III).
Fundamental Kinetics of Supercritical Coal Liquefaction: Effect of Catalysts and Hydrogen-Donor Solvents (1997)

This is the quarterly report on our recent progress toward the overall objective to understand the supercritical fluid extraction of hydrocarbons from coal. Our strategy is to simulate coal as a high molecular-weight polymeric material by studying the degradation of polymers under various conditions. The hypothesis we are testing is that degradation of such macromolecules is applicable to the decomposition (depolymerization) of the coal network. Polymer degradation and coal liquefaction are influenced strongly by the solvent in the reaction. This motivated our investigation of the effect of hydrogen donor solvents on polymer degradation. In particular, we obtained new experimental data to show how a hydrogen donor, 6-hydroxy tetralin, influences the degradation rate of polystyrene. We also developed a detailed radical mechanism for hydrogen donation based on the Rice-Herzfeld chain reaction concept with the elementary steps of initiation, depropagation, hydrogen abstraction, and termination. Expressions for the degradation rate parameters were obtained by applying continuous distribution kinetics to the MWD of the reacting polymer. The theory explains the different influences of the hydrogen donor solvent on the degradation rate coefficients for different polymers. Though developed for the degradation of polymers, the mechanism and the theory are potentially applicable for chain scission and addition reactions among distributions of paraffins, olefins, and radicals of all chain lengths. The concepts can, in principle, be extended to examine the effect of hydrogen donors on coal liquefaction and on the complex mixture of liquefaction compounds. Based on this work, a research paper titled "Effect of Hydrogen Donors on Polymer Degradation", has been submitted for publication. Our research paper entitled, "Molecular weight effect on the dynamics of polystyrene degradation", has been accepted for publication by the journal, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research.
Supplementary Figure S1 from hTERT-Immortalized Prostate Epithelial and Stromal-Derived Cells: an Authentic <i>In vitro</i> Model for Differentiation and Carcinogenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figure S1 from hTERT-Immortalized Prostate Epithelial and Stromal-Derived Cells: an Authentic &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; Model for Differentiation and Carcinogenesis
Two new species of the generamicrodrosophilaanddrosophila(drosophilidae) from Korea (2002)

Two new species belonging to the genera Microdrosophila and Drosophila, collected from Daegwallyeong and Mt. Halla in Korea are described with illustrations of the male genitalia. Microdros ophila (Microdros ophila) gang‐wonensis n. sp. seems close to M. (M.) purpurata Okada, 1956, but the new species has different phallic organ. Drosophila (Drosophila) taekjuni is close to D. (D.) brevitabula Zhang and Toda, 1992, in form, but differs in the shape of aedeagus. Eight species of the genus Microdrosophila and five species in the D. immigrans species‐group of genus Drosophila, including the new species are known to be distributed in Korea.
Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities Associated With Exposure to Different Childhood Trauma Subtypes: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Findings (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Childhood trauma subtypes sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, and neglect may have differential effects on the brain that persist into adulthood. A systematic review of neuroimaging findings supporting these differential effects is as yet lacking. <b>Objectives:</b> The present systematic review aims to summarize the findings of controlled neuroimaging trials regarding long-term differential effects of trauma subtypes on the human brain. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed and PsycINFO databases from January 2017 up to and including January 2018. Additional papers were identified by a manual search in the reference lists of selected papers and of relevant review articles retrieved by the initial database search. Studies were then assessed for eligibility by the first author. Only original human studies directly comparing neuroimaging findings of exposed and unexposed individuals to well-defined emotional, physical or sexual childhood maltreatment while controlling for the effects of other subtypes were included. A visual summary of extracted data was made for neuroimaging modalities for which comparison between trauma subtypes was feasible, taking the studies' numbers and sample sizes into account. <b>Results:</b> The systematic literature search yielded 25 publications. Sexual abuse was associated with structural deficits in the reward circuit and genitosensory cortex and amygdalar hyperreactivity during sad autobiographic memory recall. Emotional maltreatment correlated with abnormalities in fronto-limbic socioemotional networks. In neglected individuals, white matter integrity and connectivity were disturbed in several brain networks involved in a variety of functions. Other abnormalities, such as reduced frontal cortical volume, were common to all maltreatment types. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is some evidence for long-term differential effects of trauma subtypes on the human brain. The observed alterations may result from both protective adaptation of and damage to the brain following exposure to threatening life events. Though promising, the current evidence is incomplete, with few brain regions and neuroimaging modalities having been investigated in all subtypes. The comparability of the available evidence is further limited by the heterogeneity of study populations regarding gender, age and comorbid psychopathology. Future neuroimaging studies should take this potentially differential role of childhood trauma subtypes into account.
Telerobotic surgery project for laparoscopy (1995)

Summary This paper deals with the first transatlantic experiment of robotic telesurgery. A robot in Milan (Italy) performed an operation on a model of a pig, and the surgeon controller was in JPL, Pasadena (USA). By means of two communication satellites and of an optical fibre network, the robot performed a biopsy and a preliminary cut for a laparoscopic mini-invasive surgery operation.
Preparation of thin strained Si film by low temperature Ge ion implantation and high temperature annealing (2005)

An approach combining /sup 74/Ge/sup +/ ion implantation with a high dose of 7/spl times/10/sup 16//cm/sup 2/ at 77 K with subsequent annealing at 1100/spl deg/C for 2 hours has been used to prepare thin strained Si films on Si substrates. It is demonstrated by RBS analysis that Ge ions partly enter into the Si host lattice sites, which leads to the formation of a buried SiGe alloy layer, and Ge profile broadening during annealing is availably restricted by low temperature implantation. TEM observation reveals that the formation of surface defects above the SiGe alloy layer, which occur during annealing below 800/spl deg/C, is effectively inhibited by annealing directly at a temperature as high as 1100/spl deg/C and some dislocation loops form only under the buried SiGe alloy layers. The existence of tensile stress of about 1.4/spl times/10/sup 9/ N/m/sup 2/ in the top silicon is verified by Raman measurements.
Control of Parallel Manipulators for Very High Accelerations: The Mechanical Vibrations Issue (2010)

This paper deals with the issue of mechanical vibrations in control of parallel robots. The proposed control strategy consists in a nonlinear adaptive dual mode controller applied to the actuation redundant parallel manipulator Par2. In this context, the experimental testbed is not equipped with velocity sensors. Therefore, a high-gain observer has been used to estimate the articular velocities. Real-time experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, as well as the arised mechanical vibrations that increase with acceleration (becoming an important issue for accelerations higher than 20G). Some promising possible solutions to deal with the problem of mechanical vibrations have been discussed for future implementation.
Abstract 2327: Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted exosomes inhibit the self-renewal and stemness of glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo (2015)

Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be obtained from bone marrow and adipose tissues or from other sources such as placenta and umbilical cord. The latter allow the potential use of universal, allogeneic cell therapy because to reduced antigenicity due to low expression of MHC class II molecules. MSCs can be easily expanded in vitro for therapeutic applications and their safety and therapeutic impact have been demonstrated in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. MSCs have been shown to cross the blood brain barrier and migrate to sites of experimental GBM and can deliver cytotoxic compounds that exert anti-tumor effects. In this study we examined the effects of placenta-derived MSCs and their secreted exosomes on GSCs in vitro and in vivo. Conditioned medium of placenta MSCs or their derived exosomes decreased the self-renewal, stemness markers, Sox2 and Oct4 and the migration of these cells. Similarly, intracranial administration of the MSCs decreased the tumor volume of GSC-derived xenografts and prolonged animal survival. miRNA sequencing analysis of placenta MSC-derived exosomes revealed a set of specific miRNAs that were downregulated in GSCs and that acted as tumor suppressor in these cells. We demonstrated delivery of some of these miRNAs to GSCs following treatments with MSC-derived exosomes. We further demonstrated that MSCs or exosomes that were loaded with exogenous miR-124 delivered high levels of this miRNA into glioma cells as detected by a novel quantitative miRNA reporter. Moreover, administration of placenta MSCs loaded with exogenous miR-124 exerted a strong inhibitory effect on GSC-derived xenograft growth. These results demonstrate that placenta-derived MSCs may have important clinical applications in stem cell-based glioma therapeutics. Moreover, these studies provide a novel approach for the targeted delivery of endogenous and exogenous anti-tumor miRNAs to glioma cells as a miRNA replacement therapy for GBM. Citation Format: Chaya Brodie, Edrat Buchris, Susan Finniss, Simona Cazacu, Cunli Xiang, Hae Kyung Lee, Laila Poisson. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their secreted exosomes inhibit the self-renewal and stemness of glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2327. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2327
Processing–Structure–Property Relationships for Lignin‐Based Carbonaceous Materials Used in Energy‐Storage Applications (2016)

Abstract Lignin, an abundant organic polymer and a byproduct of pulp and biofuel production, has potential applications owing to its high carbon content and aromatic structure. Processing–structure relationships are difficult to predict because of the heterogeneity of lignin. This work discusses the roles of unit operations in the carbonization process of softwood lignin, and their resulting impacts on the material structure and electrochemical properties in application as the anode in lithium‐ion cells. The processing variables include the lignin source, temperature, and duration of thermal stabilization, pyrolysis, and reduction. Materials are characterized at the atomic and microscales. High‐temperature carbonization, at 2000 °C, produces larger graphitic domains than at 1050 °C, but results in a reduced capacity. Coulombic efficiencies over 98 % are achieved for extended galvanostatic cycling. Consequently, a properly designed carbonization process for lignin is well suited for the generation of low‐cost, high‐efficiency electrodes.
Template-Based Parameterized Synthesis of Uniform Instruction-Level Abstractions for SoC Verification (2017)

Modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs comprise programmable cores, application-specific accelerators, and I/O devices. Accelerators are controlled by software/firmware and functionality is implemented by this combination of programmable cores, firmware, and accelerators. Verification of such SoCs is challenging, especially for system-level properties maintained by a combination of firmware and hardware. Attempting to formally verify the full SoC design with both firmware and hardware is not scalable, while separate verification can miss bugs. A general technique for scalable system-level verification is to construct an abstraction of SoC hardware and verify firmware/software using it. There are two challenges in applying this technique in practice. Constructing the abstraction to capture required details and interactions is error-prone and time-consuming. The second is ensuring abstraction correctness so that properties proven with it are valid. This paper introduces a methodology for SoC design and verification based on the synthesis of instruction-level abstractions (ILAs). The ILA is an abstraction of SoC hardware which models updates to firmware-visible state at the granularity of instructions. For hardware accelerators, the ILA is analogous to the instruction-set architecture definition for programmable processors and enables scalable verification of firmware interacting with hardware accelerators. To alleviate the disadvantages of manual construction of abstractions, we introduce two algorithms for synthesis of ILAs from partial description called templates. We then show how the ILA can be verified to be correct. We evaluate the methodology using a small SoC design consisting of the 8051 microcontroller and two cryptographic accelerators. The methodology uncovered 15 bugs.
A new formulation for Admissible Model Matching in Fault-Tolerant Control (2008)

International audience
Metal complex catalysis in the synthesis of organoaluminium compounds (2000)

The published data on the synthesis of organoaluminium compounds involving metal complex catalysts are generalised and systematised. Hydro-, carbo- and cycloalumination reactions of alkenes, conjugated dienes and alkynes catalysed by Ti and Zr complexes are considered in detail. The use of organoaluminium reagents in organic synthesis and novel reactions involving these compounds are discussed. The bibliography includes 240 references.
Dynamics of metallic particle contaminants in GIS with dielectric-coated electrodes (2000)

Electrical insulation performance of compressed gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and gas insulated transmission line (GITL) systems is adversely affected by metallic particle contaminants. Dielectric coatings applied to the inside surface of the outer enclosure of a coaxial GIS/GITL system improve the insulation performance in several ways. Coating has the effect of smoothing the electrode surface and reducing the prebreakdown current in the gas gap. Also, the electrostatic charge acquired by a particle is reduced and hence the range of its motion under an applied power frequency field is inhibited. The movement of such particles is complex and dependent on several parameters. In this paper the dynamics of wire particles in a coaxial system under AC voltage is studied when the inside surface of the outer enclosure of a coaxial GIS/GITL system is coated with a high resistance material. Suggestions for reducing the particle excursion in GIS/GITL systems are discussed.
Virtual ground fence options for shielding power plane noise (2014)

This paper demonstrates possible design approaches for the virtual ground fence, a novel design concept for shielding power plane noise. The basic idea of a virtual ground fence is replacing discrete capacitors with quarter-wave stubs. This allows decoupling of power plane noise in the GHz spectrum. Such noise filtering is critical in a mixed-signal system, where there is switching noise generated by the digital VLSI. This noise easily propagates to the sensitive RF IC if not filtered. The virtual ground fence consists of quarter-wave transmission-line stubs that act as short circuits at their design frequency. An array of such stubs can then be considered as a ground fence. Hence the power plane of the RF IC is effectively placed inside a Faraday cage, and isolated from the noise in the environment. Controlling noise enables designing faster and smaller electronic systems.