gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the representation and embedding of knowledge bases beyond binary relations (2016)

The models developed to date for knowledge base embedding are all based on the assumption that the relations contained in knowledge bases are binary. For the training and testing of these embedding models, multi-fold (or n-ary) relational data are converted to triples (e.g., in FB15K dataset) and interpreted as instances of binary relations. This paper presents a canonical representation of knowledge bases containing multi-fold relations. We show that the existing embedding models on the popular FB15K datasets correspond to a suboptimal modelling framework, resulting in a loss of structural information. We advocate a novel modelling framework, which models multi-fold relations directly using this canonical representation. Using this framework, the existing TransH model is generalized to a new model, m-TransH. We demonstrate experimentally that m-TransH outperforms TransH by a large margin, thereby establishing a new state of the art.
Sparse-shot Learning with Exclusive Cross-Entropy for Extremely Many Localisations (2021)

Object localisation, in the context of regular images, often depicts objects like people or cars. In these images, there is typically a relatively small number of objects per class, which usually is manageable to annotate. However, outside the setting of regular images, we are often confronted with a different situation. In computational pathology, digitised tissue sections are extremely large images, whose dimensions quickly exceed 250'000x250'000 pixels, where relevant objects, such as tumour cells or lymphocytes can quickly number in the millions. Annotating them all is practically impossible and annotating sparsely a few, out of many more, is the only possibility. Unfortunately, learning from sparse annotations, or sparse-shot learning, clashes with standard supervised learning because what is not annotated is treated as a negative. However, assigning negative labels to what are true positives leads to confusion in the gradients and biased learning. To this end, we present exclusive cross-entropy, which slows down the biased learning by examining the second-order loss derivatives in order to drop the loss terms corresponding to likely biased terms. Experiments on nine datasets and two different localisation tasks, detection with YOLLO and segmentation with Unet, show that we obtain considerable improvements compared to cross-entropy or focal loss, while often reaching the best possible performance for the model with only 10-40% of annotations.
Generation of Intense UV Radiation during High-Current Breakdown over a Ferrite Surface (2018)

The dynamics and emission characteristics of pulsed breakdown over a ferrite surface at a current amplitude of 270 kA and current rise time of 80 ns were studied experimentally. It is shown that the characteristic transverse size of the discharge region in visible radiation is ~3 mm, while that in vacuum UV (VUV) radiation is ~200 μm. The duration of the VUV pulse with an average power of ≈0.275 GW is about 80 ns.
Is there a correlation between sensory impairments and social isolation in middle-aged and older Chinese population? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a nationally representative survey (2023)

Sensory impairments, especially dual sensory impairments, have explicitly detrimental effects on social isolation among the older Chinese population. Over time, single hearing impairment specifically jeopardizes their frequency rather than types of social activities participation.
Human Lamina Cribrosa Insertion and Age (2012)

The LC insertion into the pia mater is common in middle-aged and older eyes, and does not increase with age. The biomechanical and vascular implications of the LC insertion into the pia mater are not well understood and should be investigated further.
Glycogenosis type II: protein and DNA analysis in five South African families from various ethnic origins. (1989)

The molecular nature of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase deficiency was studied in five South African families with glycogenosis type II. Distinct ethnic origins were represented. Two new mutant acid alpha-glucosidase alleles were discovered. In two infantile patients from a consanguineous Indian family we found for the first time an acid alpha-glucosidase precursor of reduced size. The mutant precursor appeared normally glycosylated and phosphorylated but was not processed to mature enzyme. Abnormalities of the mRNA were not obvious, but digestion of genomic DNA with HindIII, BglII, and StuI revealed for each enzyme a fragment of increased length. Heterozygosity was demonstrated in the parents. Complete lack of acid alpha-glucosidase mRNA, as well as deficiency of precursor synthesis, was observed in two black baby girls from unrelated families. In these cases the length of all restriction-enzyme fragments was normal. Reduced enzyme synthesis but normal processing was registered in juvenile and young adult Cape colored patients. The extensive heterogeneity of glycogenosis type II is emphasized in these studies on various ethnic groups. The newly discovered mutants are valuable for the understanding of clinical diversity as a result of allelic variation.
European trip report : european sodium cavitation research, state of the art (1974)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/5306/5/bac3415.0001.001.pdf
Fibronectin and pellet suspension culture promote differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells (2007)

Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal tissues and exhibit a neuronal phenotype under appropriate induction conditions. Methods promoting neural differentiation have been adapted to derive insulin producing cells (IPCs) from embryonic stem cells, but it remains unclear whether neuronal cell-based differentiation method will be able to derive IPCs from MSCs. Using a four-stage differentiation protocol which contains neuronal differentiation factor and IPC-conversion reagent-nicotinamide, the potential of human MSCs to differentiate into IPCs was evaluated by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining, and functional analysis. MSCs in monolayer spontaneously expressed genes for islet transcription factors, Nkx6.1 and Ngn3, but did not express insulin after treatment in this protocol. Pellet suspension culture and the addition of fibronectin enhanced pancreatic differentiation with increase in insulin and Glut2 gene expression. Switching of cells to high-glucose culture further increased immunostaining for proinsulin and insulin. IPCs secreted insulin in response to elevated glucose concentration, which was regulated by reagents that increase cyclic AMP production or modify calcium influx. Our data suggest that MSCs in the monolayer do not undergo IPC differentiation and pellet suspension culture with fibronectin promotes IPCs derived from MSCs.
Wide-coverage semantic analysis with Boxer (2008)

Boxer is an open-domain software component for semantic analysis of text, based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) and Discourse Representation Theory (DRT). Used together with the C&C tools, Boxer reaches more than 95% coverage on newswire texts. The semantic representations produced by Boxer, known as Discourse Representation Structures (DRSs), incorporate a neo-Davidsonian representations for events, using the VerbNet inventory of thematic roles. The resulting DRSs can be translated to ordinary first-order logic formulas and be processing by standard theorem provers for first-order logic. Boxer's performance on the shared task for comparing semantic represtations was promising. It was able to produce complete DRSs for all seven texts. Manually inspecting the output revealed that: (a) the computed predicate argument structure was generally of high quality, in particular dealing with hard constructions involving control or coordination; (b) discourse structure triggered by conditionals, negation or discourse adverbs was overall correctly computed; (c) some measure and time expressions are correctly analysed, others aren't; (d) several shallow analyses are given for lexical phrases that require deep analysis; (e) bridging references and pronouns are not resolved in most cases. Boxer is distributed with the C&C tools and freely available for research purposes.
Identifying and Exploiting Sparse Branch Correlations for Optimizing Branch Prediction (2022)

Branch prediction is arguably one of the most important speculative mechanisms within a high-performance processor architecture. A common approach to improve branch prediction accuracy is to employ lengthy history records of previously seen branch directions to capture distant correlations between branches. The larger the history, the richer the information that the predictor can exploit for discovering predictive patterns. However, without appropriate filtering, such an approach may also heavily disorganize the predictor's internal mechanisms, leading to diminishing returns. This paper studies a fundamental control-flow property: the sparsity in the correlation between branches and recent history. First, we show that sparse branch correlations exist in standard applications and, more importantly, such correlations can be computed efficiently using sparse modeling methods. Second, we introduce a sparsity-aware branch prediction mechanism that can compactly encode and store sparse models to unlock essential performance opportunities. We evaluated our approach for various design parameters demonstrating MPKI improvements of up to 42% (2.3% on average) with 2KB of additional storage overhead. Our circuit-level evaluation of the design showed that it can operate within accepted branch prediction latencies, and under reasonable power and area limitations.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Anion Equivalents in the Synthesis of 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones: An Efficient Synthesis of Anibine. (1990)

Abstract The morpholino(het)arylacetonitriles (I) are deprotonated and then coupled with the bromo(methoxy)butenoate (II) to give the pentenoates (III).
Sparse sensing with coprime arrays (2010)

Coprime sampling has, in the past, been used for signal processing applications such as range and doppler improvement in radar, and for identifying sinusoids in noise. This paper considers a coprime pair of samplers in space or time from the point of view of the difference coarray, which is key to the increased freedom available for processing with such arrays. First, two uniform linear arrays with N and M elements in space are considered. With the interelement spacings in the two arrays given by Mλ/2 and Nλ/2 where M and N are coprime integers, it is shown that the difference coarray has O(MN) freedoms, so that the number of freedoms available for DOA estimation and beamforming is O(MN). This implies in particular that a passive array can identify O(MN) sources using only M + N sensor elements. It is then shown that by using an N-band DFT filter bank and an M-band DFT filter bank in conjunction with the two arrays, it is possible to create a virtual filter bank with MN bands (i.e., MN beams). The increased number of freedoms can be exploited either in a passive setting (using time-domain averaging) or in an active setting as in radar and sonar.
Flow measurement of five seal air pipes at a coal mill using the heater method at a coal fired power plant and numerical analysis of one of the pipes with curvature (2023)

High efficiency coal fired power plants are expected to operate at a certain rate due to low generated electricity costs. In coal fired power plants, coal mills are important machinery that pulverize the coal and supplies the coal powder to the boiler. To protect the bearings from coal dust, seal air is added. The seal air is supplied from one air compressor to each position of several coal mills at a target power station. An imbalance in its flowrate can lead to coal mill failures, thereby affecting the operation of coal fired power plants. In order to diagnose any problems with the operation of a coal mill immediately after maintenance, the heater method was used to measure the seal air at five locations from the outside of the supply pipes. The heater method is possible to measure the flow rate of compressed air and steam in the pipes from the outside of the pipes without any modification of the pipes, and has previously been applied to the measurement of cooling air flow in gas turbines. In the present case, three pipes out of five measuring points have curvature, so that a numerical analysis was carried out to verify whether the heater method is valid. Due to the effects of the corona disaster and other work, the measurement schedule at the power station was restricted and the installation, measurement and removal of instruments at five locations was carried out in a period of five days. As a result, it was confirmed that the seal air flowrate at each of the coal mill locations was normal value and that there were no problems with operation.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors: Clinical potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (1997)

Substitution therapy with levodopa and a peripheral inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is the cornerstone in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Chronic therapy with levodopa, however, is associated with the occurrence of motor complications that are partially related to the pharmacokinetics of levodopa. The formation of 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), a long-lived metabolite that confers no clinical benefit, is catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that is particularly abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidneys. Potent, reversible, selective, and orally active COMT inhibitors have become available. The nitrocatechols, entacapone and tolcapone, have undergone extensive clinical testing as adjuncts to levodopa in the therapy of Parkinson's disease. Studies in healthy subjects and parkinsonian patients have shown the inhibitory effect of both drugs on the formation of 3-OMD, leading to an increase in levodopa bioavailability and elimination half-life, without a change in peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) or time to reach Cmax (tmax). In patients, COMT inhibitors significantly prolong and smooth, i.e., reduce peak-trough fluctuations, the effects of levodopa, as reflected in improved motor scores and lengthened duration of ON time (periods of good response) without an influence on the time to onset of action or the peak effect. Entacapone 200 mg is given in conjunction with each levodopa dose, whereas tolcapone is administered in a fixed 100 to 200 mg t.i.d. dosing regimen. The tolerability profiles of the two drugs are similar, with urine discoloration and an increase in dopaminergic side effects such as nausea, orthostatic hypotension, and dyskinesias being most prominent. Tolcapone induces a higher incidence of diarrhea and liver enzyme abnormalities. It is anticipated that COMT inhibitors will prove beneficial in extending and smoothing the effects of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease and end-of-dose wearing-off fluctuations. Drug Dev. Res. 42:1–25, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Medical Therapy for the Acute Postoperative Intraocular Pressure Rise Following Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty-Reply (1987)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We apologize to D Samples for conveying the impression that we either unfairly dismissed or made a pejorative reference to their important study. On the contrary, their landmark work is the first that demonstrates that topical therapy cans that topical ence acute postoperative IOP rise following argon laser trabeculoplasty. A pilot study is "an inquiry, survey, or study of limited scope, employed to test the feasibility of more extensive investigations."<sup>1</sup>We therefore do not believe that referring to an investigation as a pilot study is in any way pejorative or misleading. In fact, we refer to our own analysis as a pilot study. We currently ddo not konw ow extensive an IOP elevationeye with preexisting glaucoma can toleratl without increased optic nerve damage. Both of our studies deal with severely damaged eyes already receiving maximum tolerated available medical therapy. It therefore would be ideal
Simulation of the sorption of cations on the surface of a selective sorbent with allowance for the possibility of their desorption (2009)

The process of sorption of several kinds of cations differing in affinity to adsorption groups on a plane sorbent surface from immobile dilute liquid solutions in the kinetic regime is simulated. Formulas are derived for estimating the time dependence of the surface concentration of adsorbed cations with allowance for the processes by which free and cation-containing adsorption groups are removed from the sorbent surface. The degree of inhibition of the adsorption of a cation in the presence of other cations is determined, which can occupy vacant sites on the sorbent surface. It is shown that the calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data.
Polymeric Schiff Bases. VII. Some Parameters in the Evaluation of the Thermal Stability of Poly(p-Xylylidene-p-phenylenediamine) (1967)

Abstract Thermogravimetric analyses of poly(p-xylylidene-p-phenylenediamine) in nitrogen, helium, and air yield stability values substantially identical to values obtained from tests in vacuo. The respective thermal stability values in nitrogen and in air are unchanged over a fourfold change in gas flow rates. Slightly lower values are found at heating rates of 5–15°C/min than at 30°C/min. Thermal stabilities are lower in oxygen than in air, but the values are still relatively high. Higher apparent thermal stability values are observed when a powder sample of 10 mg is evaluated as a single mass rather than as a fine powder. Calorimetric measurements indicate that Schiff base polymers which have been heated in nitrogen to 1000–1200°C have not been converted to graphite-type polymers. The Schiff base polymers are resistant to radiation; their stability is shown to be independent of dose rate and of the nature of the ionizing radiation.
An I-MMSE based graphical representation of rate and equivocation for the Gaussian broadcast channel (2015)

In this work a graphical representation of rate and equivocation for the scalar Gaussian broadcast channel is provided. This representation builds on the fundamental relationship between information theory and estimation theory, the so-called I-MMSE relationship, and the natural properties of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) function. The approach is then applied to the recent problem of “secrecy outside a bounded range” to provide both a graphical representation of the problem as well as additional insights into the increase in the completely secure rate.
The application of speech coding to AUDETEL services for visually impaired people (1993)

AUDETEL is a system for transmitting a spoken audio description of the television picture for visually impaired people, within the standard television channel, but separately from the normal television sound. AUDETEL has been developed by a consortium which is supported by the European TIDE (Technology Initiative for Disabled and Elderly people) initiative. As well as looking at the various editorial, operational and marketing issues, the AUDETEL consortium is overcoming the technical difficulties of setting up such a service. This paper gives an overview of the work which has been carried out to solve one of these technical problems-how to transmit an additional speech signal within the existing television channel. The resulting digital speech coding and transmission systems has been one of the achievements of the AUDETEL project. >
The fabrication of a microcolumn for gas separation using poly(dimethylsiloxane) as the structural and functional material (2008)

The fabrication and performance of a microcolumn made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) for gas separation is presented. PDMS is a material commonly used as a stationary phase in large-scale chromatography systems, while in this work it serves both as the structural material of the microcolumn as well as a stationary phase enabling gas mixture separation by different absorption and desorption kinetics of the sample components on the column walls. Gas separation is demonstrated for a xylene/benzene vapor mixture at different ratios detected by means of a VOC sensor connected at the exit of the microcolumn. The effect of the microcolumn depth and working temperature on the separation performance of the microcolumn is investigated.
Low ADR is associated with poor adherence to post polypectomy surveillance guidelines (2015)

The 2010 published European post polypectomy guidelines contain recommendations for surveillance intervals after screening colonoscopies. Depending on the histological findings, patients are divided into three groups: low risk group (surveillance interval: 7 – 10 years), intermediate risk group (36 months) and high risk group (within 1 year).
Systematic treatment of displacements, strains, and electric fields in density-functional perturbation theory (2005)

The methods of density-functional perturbation theory may be used to calculate various physical response properties of insulating crystals including elastic, dielectric, Born charge, and piezoelectric tensors. These and other important tensors may be defined as second derivatives of an appropriately defined energy functional with respect to atomic-displacement, electric-field, or strain perturbations, or as mixed derivatives with respect to two of these perturbations. The resulting tensor quantities tend to be coupled in complex ways in polar crystals, giving rise to a variety of variant definitions. For example, it is generally necessary to distinguish between elastic tensors defined under different electrostatic boundary conditions, and between dielectric tensors defined under different elastic boundary conditions. Here, we describe an approach for computing all of these various response tensors in a unified and systematic fashion. Applications are presented for two materials, hexagonal ZnO and rhombohedral $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, at zero temperature.
Fixed crosslink formation and viscoelasticity of polystyrene networks (1999)

The crosslinking formation in the 8/92 mol % random copolymer of ethynyl- styrene and styrene is clarified quantitatively from the IR spectrum analysis on the basis of the thermally homogeneous reaction of ethynylstyrenes between the chains. The viscoelastic properties of the crosslinked polystyrene, CL-P(ESt/St), are investigated based on the temperature and frequency dependencies of the dynamic Young modulus. The relaxation spectrum of CL-P(ESt/St) drops deeply like the Wedge type with a slope of −½ in the glass transition region, and became a plateau without a terminal zone in the rubbery elasticity region. The effects of the ethynyl crosslinked junctions for the micro-Brownian motions of the segments in the strand are discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3319–3327, 1999
Measurement of Epidermal Thickness in Normal Skin and Psoriasis with High-Frequency Ultrasound (1988)

In this study, we employed a high-frequency ultrasound system to measure the epidermal thicknesses of psoriasis plaques and normal skin in vivo. Eighty-four percent of the ultrasound measurements fell within the range of epidermal thickness determined by histology. The average thickness of untreated psoriasis measured by ultrasound was significantly greater than that of either treated psoriasis or normal skin. Ultrasound measurement of thickness was consistent with clinical assessment. Ultrasound measurements also demonstrated known variations in epidermal thickness by body site. Further development is needed to obtain measurements that are fully representative of the epidermis.