gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinated model predictive reach control for irrigation canals (2009)

Irrigation canals are large-scale systems, covering vast geographical areas, and consisting of many interconnected canal reaches that interact with control structures such as pumps and gates. The control of such irrigation canals is usually done in a manual way, in which a human operator travels along the irrigation canal to adjust the settings of the gates and pumps in order to obtain a desired water level. In this paper we discuss how distributed model predictive control (MPC) can be applied to determine autonomously what the settings of these control structures should be. In particular, we propose the application of a distributed MPC scheme for control of the West-M irrigation canal in Arizona. We present a linearized model representing the dynamics of the canal, we propose a distributed MPC scheme that uses this model as a prediction model, and we illustrate the performance of the scheme in simulation studies on a nonlinear simulation model of the canal.
The Influence of Substituents in 99mTc-Benzylidenediphosphonate Complexes on their Organ Distribution in Rats (1984)

Summary The biodistribution of a series of new 99mTc-benzylidenediphosphonate complexes (99mTc-BDP) in rats was found to vary considerably with substituents in the alpha (X) and para (R) position of the BDP ligands. From the in vivo behaviour of the 99mTc-BDP complexes the following conclusions could be drawn: 1. the blood clearance was accelerated by X = NH2; 2. the kidney uptake was decreased by X = OH; 3. the bone uptake was enhanced by X = OH and R = OH; and 4. R = C1 retarded the blood clearance, increased the kidney and lowered the bone uptake. A subcutaneously transplantable osteosarcoma was tested with 99mTc-BDP complexes as a bone lesion model. Although rapidly growing the osteosarcoma accumulated less activity than the femur diaphysis. The small amount of binding sites in the tumor tissue for osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals was attributed to the formation of necroses.
Preparation and characterization of nano-inorganic materials coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites for thermal interface materials (2009)

Recent developments of nanofabrication have enabled the miniaturization of electronic devices, allowing more electronic devices to be combined into a single device with a high performance. However, the complex devices have led to the escalation of power dissipation as well as the increasing heat flux at the interface between devices. Electronic devices were damaged by much heat accumulation, since the reliability of deives is dependent on the junction temperature. For example a small operating temperature difference (in the order of 10~15°C) can result in a two times reduction in the lifetime of a device. Carbon nanotubes with large aspect ratio and unique thermal properties can be as thermal dissipating filler for some nanocomposites. However, carbon nanotubes with high electrical conductivity will induce short leakage at the same time. For overcoming this problem, the objective of this research is to propose the surface modification technology by inorganic materials on the carbon nanotubes for thermal interfacial materials (TIM) applications. This research is to develop the surface modification technology by depositing alumina nanoparticles on the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). TIMs were prepared from epoxy resin and various content of alumina @ MWCNTs (1~5phrs) and then their volume resistivity with different loading alumina @ MWCNTs content can maintain round 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> ohm*cm. The thermal conductivity of a TIM with 5phrs alumina @ MWCNTs was 1.01W/mK (increased 677% compared to neat epoxy resin with 0.13W/m*K).
Physiological rationale for co-treatment with diuretics in heart failure (1994)

Physiological rationale for co-treatment
End-of-life MoS2-enabled device and material transformation in landfill leachate and its effect on the landfill microbiome (2022)

MoS 2 -enabled membranes and transistors when exposed to landfill leachate can attach to leachate residues but do not undergo major chemical decay. Complex environments like leachates are robust, resisting microbiome changes upon exposure to MoS 2 .
Sensitive Carbohydrate Detection Using Surface Enhanced Raman Tagging (2010)

Glycomic analysis is an increasingly important field in biological and biomedical research as glycosylation is one of the most important protein post-translational modifications. We have developed a new technique to detect carbohydrates using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by designing and applying a Rhodamine B derivative as the SERS tag. Using a reductive amination reaction, the Rhodamine-based tag (RT) was successfully conjugated to three model carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, and glucuronic acid). SERS detection limits obtained with a 633 nm HeNe laser were ∼1 nM in concentration for all the RT-carbohydrate conjugates and ∼10 fmol in total sample consumption. The dynamic range of the SERS method is about 4 orders of magnitude, spanning from 1 nM to 5 μM. Ratiometric SERS quantification using isotope-substituted SERS internal references allows comparative quantifications of carbohydrates labeled with RT and deuterium/hydrogen substituted RT tags, respectively. In addition to enhancing the SERS detection of the tagged carbohydrates, the Rhodamine tagging facilitates fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection of carbohydrates. Current fluorescence sensitivity of RT-carbohydrates is ∼3 nM in concentration while the mass spectrometry (MS) sensitivity is about 1 fmol, achieved with a linear ion trap electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS instrument. Potential applications that take advantage of the high SERS, fluorescence, and MS sensitivity of this SERS tagging strategy are discussed for practical glycomic analysis where carbohydrates may be quantified with a fluorescence and SERS technique and then identified with ESI-MS techniques.
CD209a Expression on Dendritic Cells Is Critical for the Development of Pathogenic Th17 Cell Responses in Murine Schistosomiasis (2014)

In murine schistosomiasis, immunopathology and cytokine production in response to parasite eggs are uneven and strain dependent. CBA/J (CBA) mice develop severe hepatic granulomatous inflammation associated with prominent Th17 cell responses driven by dendritic cell (DC)-derived IL-1β and IL-23. Such Th17 cells fail to develop in low-pathology C57BL/6 (BL/6) mice, and the reasons for these strain-specific differences in APC reactivity to eggs remain unclear. We show by gene profiling that CBA DCs display an 18-fold higher expression of the C-type lectin receptor CD209a, a murine homolog of human DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin, compared with BL/6 DCs. Higher CD209a expression was observed in CBA splenic and granuloma APC subpopulations, but only DCs induced Th17 cell differentiation in response to schistosome eggs. Gene silencing in CBA DCs and overexpression in BL/6 DCs demonstrated that CD209a is essential for egg-elicited IL-1β and IL-23 production and subsequent Th17 cell development, which is associated with SRC, RAF-1, and ERK1/2 activation. These findings reveal a novel mechanism controlling the development of Th17 cell-mediated severe immunopathology in helminthic disease.
Preparation of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films using BaF2 as a buffer layer (1989)

Thin films of barium fluoride (BaF2 ), used as a buffer layer between the substrate and the superconducting films, dramatically improve the properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) superconducting films deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. For the as-deposited films at a substrate temperature of 780 °C, the observed transition temperature Tc of 80 K on the BaF2 /YSZ structure represents the highest value reported to date. By using BaF2 buffer layers, superconducting films formed by using a paste of the YBCO powder and a binder, on BaF2 /Si provided a Tc of 80 K.
Controlled Chain Length and Graft Density of Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes for Optimizing Cell Sheet Harvest (2010)

Novel thermoresponsive polymer brush surfaces for harvesting cell sheet were fabricated by the surface-initiated RAFT polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (IPAAm) on azoinitiator-immobilized glass substrates in the presence of dithiobenzoate compound as a chain transfer agent (CTA). The chain length of the grafted PIPAAm on the surface was controlled by changing CTA concentration. Additionally, PIPAAm graft density on the surface was successfully regulated by grafting from azoinitiator-immobilized surfaces with various densities. By adjusting both the chain length and the density of grafted PIPAAm, a series of thermoresponsive polymer brush surfaces were prepared to regulate cell adhesion/detachment behavior by solely temperature change across the PIPAAm's lower critical solution temperature of 32 degrees C. PIPAAm brush surfaces were successfully optimized to recover the cell sheets of bovine carotid artery endothelial cells. Additionally, the immunostaining study revealed that the cell sheets can be recovered with their intact extracellular matrix (ECM) from PIPAAm surfaces, indicating that the cell sheets can be effectively transplanted to damaged tissues and organs.
Isolating the Effects of Morphology and Chain Architecture on the Mechanical Properties of Triblock Copolymers (2006)

This study extends the understanding of the effects of morphology and chain architecture on mechanical properties of block copolymers by isolating the effect of morphology from other factors, such as composition and molecular weight. Using a single poly(isoprene−styrene−isoprene) triblock copolymer (ISI), we have used solvent casting with solvents of varying selectivity to produce three morphologies (cylinders, gyroid, and lamellae). The elastic moduli of these as-cast morphologies were measured using microtensile tests and found that at fixed molecular weight and composition (38 wt % PS) the moduli increased with increasing glassy domain continuity, in the order of PS cylinders to lamellae to gyroid morphology. At higher PS composition this trend continued in the order of lamellae to PI cylinders. Finally, with the same total molecular weight, composition, casting solvent, and morphology, SIS triblocks exhibit higher elastic moduli than ISI because both ends of the rubbery PI blocks are tethered in SIS.
YY2 Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation by Upregulating Osterix Transcriptional Activity (2022)

Yin Yang 2 (YY2) is a paralog of YY1, a well-known multifunctional transcription factor containing a C-terminal zinc finger domain. Although the role of YY1 in various biological processes, such as the cell cycle, cell differentiation and tissue development, is well established, the function of YY2 has not been fully determined. In this study, we investigated the functional role of YY2 during osteoblast differentiation. <i>YY2</i> overexpression and knockdown increased and decreased osteoblast differentiation, respectively, in BMP4-induced C2C12 cells. Mechanistically, <i>YY2</i> overexpression increased the mRNA and protein levels of Osterix (Osx), whereas <i>YY2</i> knockdown had the opposite effect. To investigate whether YY2 regulates <i>Osx</i> transcription, the effect of <i>YY2</i> overexpression and knockdown on <i>Osx</i> promoter activity was evaluated. <i>YY2</i> overexpression significantly increased <i>Osx</i> promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas <i>YY2</i> knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, vectors containing deletion and point mutations were constructed to specify the regulation site. Both the Y1 and Y2 sites were responsible for YY2-mediated <i>Osx</i> promoter activation. These results indicate that YY2 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation that functions by upregulating the promoter activity of <i>Osx</i>, a representative osteogenic transcription factor in C2C12 cells.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Decreases Expression of HLA-DR and CD86 by Human Dendritic Cells and Dampens Dendritic Cell-Driven T Cell-Proliferative Responses Via the Type I Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor (2000)

These studies were performed to establish whether functional receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are present on human dendritic cells (DCs) and to investigate potential immunomodulatory effects of CGRP on DCs other than Langerhans cells. Reverse transcriptase-PCR revealed expression of mRNA for a type 1 CGRP receptor by mature and immature blood-derived DCs. Sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the type 1 CGRP receptor (CGRP-R1). Addition of CGRP (10-7 M) to mature and immature DCs resulted in mobilization of intracellular calcium. Treatment of immature DCs with CGRP (10-7 M), before and after maturation in monocyte-conditioned medium, resulted in decreased cell surface expression of HLA-DR MHC class II and the costimulatory molecule, CD86. Treatment of immature DCs with CGRP (10-7 M) also resulted in decreased expression of CD86, but expression of HLA-DR was unchanged. When CGRP-treated mature DCs were used to stimulate allogeneic T cells, proliferative responses were dampened (approximately 50%), especially at low DC:T cell ratios (1:360). This effect was not observed with CGRP-treated, immature DCs. In contrast, CGRP-treated mature or immature DCs were no less efficient than untreated DCs in driving syngeneic T cell-proliferative responses to staphylococcal enterotoxin B. We conclude that mature and immature DCs express type 1 CGRP receptors and that signaling through these receptors may dampen mature DC-driven T cell proliferation most likely via down-regulation of CD86 and HLA-DR.
Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Thiolate-Protected Plasmonic Gold Clusters: Size and Ligand Effect (2019)

The influence of passivating ligands on electron–phonon relaxation dynamics of the smallest-sized gold clusters was studied using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. The electron dynamics in Au279, Au329, and Au329 passivated with 4-tert-butylbenzene thiol (TBBT), phenylethane thiol (SC2Ph), and hexane thiol (SC6), respectively, were investigated. These clusters were chosen as they are the smallest gold clusters reported till-date to show plasmonic behavior. Ultrafast transient absorption measurements were also carried out on Au∼1400 (SC6) and Au∼2000 (SC6) to understand the influence of the size on electron–phonon relaxation with the same passivating ligand. The study has revealed interesting aspects on the role of ligands on electron–phonon relaxation dynamics wherein the aromatic passivating ligands, SC2Ph and TBBT, have shown smaller power dependence and broader surface plasmon bleach, indicating dampened plasmon resonance, whereas the cluster with aliphatic passivating ligands has behaved similarly to regular plasmonic gold nanoparticles. To model the effect of the ligand on the plasmonic properties of the investigated samples, free electron density correction factor of each one was calculated using the three-layered Mie theory, and the results show that SC6 interacts least with core-gold, whereas TBBT and SC2Ph have a greater effect on the surface electronic conductivity that is attributed to π-interaction of the ligand with gold. The results also shed light on unusual electron–phonon relaxation and smaller slope observed for Au329 (SC2Ph) that is ascribed to surface gold−π interactions creating a hybrid state. In contrast, extended π-interaction is probably the reason for the plasmonic nature observed in Au279 (TBBT), even though its size is smaller when compared to Au329. In addition, the results also have shown that the electron–phonon coupling increases with an increase in the size of the cluster, and theoretical modeling has shown increased electron conductivity for larger plasmonic gold clusters.
Characterization and purification of T lymphocyte aminopeptidase B : A putative marker of T cell activation (1993)

We have previously described that human T lymphocytes express membrane-associated peptidase activities (Mari et al., EMBO J., 1992, 11:3875). We show in this report that intact Jurkat T cells readily cleaved H-Arg-paranitroanilide, an aminopeptidase B (AP-B) substrate. The identification of the hydrolyzing activity as AP-B was confirmed by its sensitivity to both arphamenine B and bestatin in the nanomolar range. Significant AP-B activity was released in the supernatant upon incubation of intact T lymphocytes at 37 degrees C. However, AP-B activity was found mainly in the cytosolic fraction of Jurkat T cells. Cytosolic T cell AP-B was purified to homogeneity and exhibited a molecular mass of 72 kDa. Purified AP-B cleaved N-terminal basic amino acid-containing peptides such as thymopentin (H-Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr-OH), indicating that it might play a role in the regulation of the concentration of important soluble mediators of T cell activation. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was shown to recognize AP-B as assessed by both immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiments. Finally, we found that AP-B was up-regulated during activation of normal and leukemic T lymphocytes.
Phenoxenium Ions : Generations and Reactions (1994)

The acid-catalyzed reaction of N-acyl- and N-sulfonylhydroxylamines with benzene proceeded smoothly to give C-C products; 2- and 4-hydroxybiphenyls. The reaction and the thermolysis of N-aryloxypyridinium salts involve common intermediates. The results of product analysis, the orientation of the reaction, effects of substituents on the nitrogen atom and on the phenyl ring suggested a mechanism involving a phenoxenium ion. The positive charge of the phenoxenium ion localized not on the oxygen atom but on the ortho and para carbons of the benzene ring. C-O product: diphenylethers are formed when the heterolysis of the N-O bonds is slow and the aromatic solvent has high nucleophilicity, suggesting an SN2-like reaction on the oxygen atom. The phenoxenium ions are also concerned with a rearrangement of O-arylhydroxylamine to 2-aminophenol. An ion-molecule pair involving phenoxenium ion and ammonia as an intermediate of the intramolecular ortho rearrangement.
Structured Thermoplastic/Thermoset Blends Using Block Copolymers (2006)

Abstract Thermoplastic/thermoset blends have been compatibilized by block copolymers. The thermoplastic is poly(phenylene ether) and the thermoset precursors are a liquid epoxy, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and an aromatic diamine (4,4′ methylene bis [3 chloro 2,6 diethylaniline], MCDEA). The triblock poly(styrene‐ b ‐butadiene‐ b ‐methyl methacrylate), SBM has been chosen because (i) PS blocks interact very favourably with PPE (ii) PMMA blocks remain miscible with the thermoset during the whole curing process, and (iii) PB mid blocks are expected to cover the interface. Morphologies of blends were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and phase composition evaluated by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. It was observed that the strong repulsion between PPE and PMMA blocks governs the organization of the blend before and during the curing process. During polymerization a purification of the matrix is induced. As expected, a large proportion of block copolymer is at the interface between the matrix and nodules. It was demonstrated that the number of SBM micelles and their degree of dispersion is the main parameter controlling the mechanical properties.
CAR-modified anti-CD19 T cells for the treatment of B-cell malignancies: rules of the road (2013)

Genetic engineering of T cells has become clinically feasible and appears to be safe. Here we provide an insight into the process of patient selection, engineered T-cell production, infusion procedure, expected toxicities and efficacy of this exciting approach as it is practiced in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Anti-CD19-redirected T cells likely represent the vanguard of an exciting new approach to treating cancer.
A Cytoplasmic Negative Regulator Isoform of ATF7 Impairs ATF7 and ATF2 Phosphorylation and Transcriptional Activity (2011)

Alternative splicing and post-translational modifications are processes that give rise to the complexity of the proteome. The nuclear ATF7 and ATF2 (activating transcription factor) are structurally homologous leucine zipper transcription factors encoded by distinct genes. Stress and growth factors activate ATF2 and ATF7 mainly via sequential phosphorylation of two conserved threonine residues in their activation domain. Distinct protein kinases, among which mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphorylate ATF2 and ATF7 first on Thr71/Thr53 and next on Thr69/Thr51 residues respectively, resulting in transcriptional activation. Here, we identify and characterize a cytoplasmic alternatively spliced isoform of ATF7. This variant, named ATF7-4, inhibits both ATF2 and ATF7 transcriptional activities by impairing the first phosphorylation event on Thr71/Thr53 residues. ATF7-4 indeed sequesters the Thr53-phosphorylating kinase in the cytoplasm. Upon stimulus-induced phosphorylation, ATF7-4 is poly-ubiquitinated and degraded, enabling the release of the kinase and ATF7/ATF2 activation. Our data therefore conclusively establish that ATF7-4 is an important cytoplasmic negative regulator of ATF7 and ATF2 transcription factors.
Palladium-Catalysed C–C Coupling: Then and Now (2008)

Synthetic procedures for the manufacture of complex drug molecules have changed continually over the years as methodology has improved. However, a step change in efficiency has been achieved by switching from a linear pattern of steps (often more than ten) to a different strategy: the parallel synthesis of key precursor components and then linking them together at a late stage in the process. This has only been possible due to the advances in coupling chemistry that have occurred over the last thirty years, many of them related to the use of palladium catalysis. This article sets out to describe some of the early work in palladium-catalysed C – C bond formation and how the methodologies have changed due to recent developments.