gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlates of substance misuse in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (2001)

Objective: To identify factors associated with substance misuse in first‐episode patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method: Twenty‐seven patients with a past or current history of substance misuse were compared with 91 patients with no history of misuse on demographic and psychopathological measures before being treated for their first episode of psychosis, and on cognitive measures after 6 months of treatment. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for sex, schizophrenia subtype, marital status, education, family history of schizophrenia, course of illness, age of onset, baseline symptoms, time to treatment response, medication side effects, attention span, memory and executive functioning. However, dual diagnosis patients were found to have a higher parental social class, better premorbid cognitive functioning, higher IQ and better language skills. Conclusion: First‐episode patients with a history of substance misuse have higher intellectual functioning, which may be associated with higher premorbid socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning.
Reductive Transformation of a Hydroxyiodoketone of 8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane into 7-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane with Lithium Aluminium Hydride (1981)

la,4~-~iodo-2a-acetoxytropn-3-one [ZJ and la-iodo-2a-acetoxytropn-3-onethe (3J,which comprise 64% of products emerging from lead tetraacetate oxidation of tropan-3u-01 in presence of iodine, were subjected to lithium aluminium hydride reduction.The expected 2.3-dihydroxytropane was not obtained.Instead, a d i d whichwasnot prone to periodate oxidation, containing one primary and one secondary alcoholic groups was obtained.It was assigned the l-hydrnymethyl-2o-hydroxy-7-methgl-7-azbicyl[2.2.llheptane structure (g, on the basis of spectroscopic evidences (ir, nmr and mass spectrometry1 and some chemical transformations [formations of a cyclic sulfite (g, an epichlorohydrin (111 and l-methyl-2u-hydroxy-7-methyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.11heptane (1111.The reaction is understood as an initial B-elimination process, triggered by the delivery of hydride ion to the carbonyl function in the sequence 3 + 21 + 22, yielding a highly reactive enolate aldehyde (22) --which is prone to an inmediate internal aldol condensation (22) + (23) Z (9, affording the observed d i d (gl on further reduction of the aldehydid group by LiAIXq.The reductive deiodination of (21 into ?a-acetoxy~opine(26) or into 2o-hydraxytropan-3-one (3 was smoothly achieved by means of hydrogenation over Raney Nickel on mild basic conditions.Unlike the tropane derivatives (1, b-28) which under electron impact enter into two distinctly different mdes of fragmentation, the 7-aaabicyclo[2.2.llheptane framework in (81-112) characteristically favor one mode by which carbon-2 and carbon-3 are lost and the methylene pyrrolenium ion emerges as the most prominent ion in their spectra.'~edicated to Professor Tetsuji Xametani on the occasion of his retirement. The emergence o f 1448-diiodo-2u-acetoxytzopan-3-one (1, 55%) and lo-iodo-2o-acetoxytropan-3-one (2, 9%), t o s e t h e r w i t h three d i m e r i c p r o d u c t s :(5, 1 8 % ) .(2, 1 2 x 1 , and (6, 4 % 1 , from t h e l e a d t
Diffusion–reaction compartmental models formulated in a continuum mechanics framework: application to COVID-19, mathematical analysis, and numerical study (2020)

The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has led to a surge in interest in the research of the mathematical modeling of epidemics. Many of the introduced models are so-called <i>compartmental models</i>, in which the total quantities characterizing a certain system may be decomposed into two (or more) species that are distributed into two (or more) homogeneous units called compartments. We propose herein a formulation of compartmental models based on partial differential equations (PDEs) based on concepts familiar to continuum mechanics, interpreting such models in terms of fundamental equations of balance and compatibility, joined by a constitutive relation. We believe that such an interpretation may be useful to aid understanding and interdisciplinary collaboration. We then proceed to focus on a compartmental PDE model of COVID-19 within the newly-introduced framework, beginning with a detailed derivation and explanation. We then analyze the model mathematically, presenting several results concerning its stability and sensitivity to different parameters. We conclude with a series of numerical simulations to support our findings.
Hemorrhagic Enteritis Associated with Clostridium perfringens Type A in a Dog. (1999)

A female Shetland sheep dog died suddenly with hemorrhagic diarrhea and vomitting, and was examined pathologically and microbiologically. Gross pathological change was restricted to the intestinal tract. The intestine contained watery, blood-stained fluid. Histopathologically, the principal intestinal lesion was superficial mucosal hemorrhagic necrosis at the jejunoileum. Many Gram-positive bacilli were found adhering to the necrotic mucosal surface in parts of the intestinal tract. Clostridium perfringens in pure culture were isolated from jejunal contents by anaerobic culture. These results suggested that the typical lesion of this case coincided with canine hemorrhagic enteritis and enterotoxemia due to C. perfringens infection could be the cause of sudden death.
Tableting of Multiparticulate Modified Release Systems (2008)

Interest in oral controlled release dosage forms has brought increasing attention tomultiparticulate modified release systems usually consisting of barrier coated pellets. Theadvantages of such multiparticulate systems over single unit peroral sustained releasesystems are:1. Greater statistical assurance of drug release and so more reproducible and constantdrug concentration after oral administration. Therefore, inter-and intrapatient varia-bility is reduced (1).
The Power Bleeder (2001)

he Power Bleeder by Motive Products simplifies one of the most essential tasks undertaken by a home mechanic tinkering on his car—bleeding the brake system. Unlike other brake flushing systems currently on the market, the Power Bleeder does not depend on an air compressor. Nor does it a create a vacuum to draw the system’s dirty fluid into the unit itself. Instead, the Power Bleeder incorporates a sturdy, 2-qt polyethylene tank which is pressurized to force hydraulic fluid into the car’s reservoir. Pressurization comes from a small hand pump integrated into the unit’s lid. The tank is also equipped with a pressure gauge to ensure the system is not overly boosted. While there are accessories to use the Power Bleeder with Asian and domestic automobiles, the unit was originally designed to work with European cars and thus uses a threaded cap to attach to the car’s reservoir. In pristine condition, brakes are designed as a closed system, but brake fluid is highly hygroscopic. This ability to draw moisture from the air contaminates the fluid and lowers its boiling point. When the brake pads and discs generate heat through friction, the water in the fluid releases air bubbles into the lines. The bubbles disrupt the hydraulic flow and give the car’s brake pedal a soft, mushy feeling. The tainted fluid can also corrode the master cylinder and calipers. Thus, for a street car operated under normal conditions, manufacturers often recommend completely flushing the braking system every one to two years. Running a car in competition places additional strains on the brake system and its hydraulic fluid. Over a two- or three-day event, racers often bleed their brakes several times to ensure optimal performance. Thus, as a weekend contender, I was eager to test the Power Bleeder’s worthiness before adding it to my already burgeoning cabinet of track tools. The opportunity to examine the Power Bleeder came when a friend brought his 1970 911S to the house for a Sunday afternoon of minor repairs and improvements. We were replacing the car’s original rubber brake lines with stainless-steel braided
Bilateral testicular metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma in an adult male with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A syndrome: case report and review of literature (2022)

Testis should be considered as a possible site of metastases in patients with diffuse metastatic MTC. Testicular ultrasound could be considered as an useful tool for the evaluation and follow-up of metastatic MTC.
Development and Validation of Oxide/Oxide CMC Combustors Within the HiPOC Program (2013)

In the framework of the High Performance Oxide Ceramics program (HiPOC), three different oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials are studied for a combustion chamber application in continuation of the work reported in Gerendas et al. [1]. A variation in the micro-structural design of the three CMC materials in terms of different fiber architecture and matrix processing are considered in a first work stream. By modification of the matrix and the fiber-matrix interface as well as the application of an environmental barrier coating (EBC), the high temperature stability is enhanced. Furthermore, design concepts for the attachment of the CMC component to the metal structure of the engine are finalized in a second work stream. Issues like sealing of cooling leakage paths, allowance for the different thermal expansion and the mechanical fixation are addressed. An interim standard of the mechanical attachment scheme is studied on a shaker table. Also the friction coefficient between the metallic and ceramic components is analyzed in order to set the proper tightening torque. The manufacturing of the CMC combustor is improved in several iterations in order to achieve a high quality material with optimized fiber architecture. Afterwards, two CMC materials are selected for the combustion testing and the finalized design of the metallic and CMC components is manufactured. A fit check is performed prior to EBC application and laser drilling of the effusion holes in order to evaluate the impact of the manufacturing tolerances on the function of the sealing and attachment scheme and to correct small issues at this stage. First results from the validation testing in a high-pressure tubular combustion rig up to a Technology Readiness Level 4 (TRL4) are reported.
Crystal stability limits at positive and negative pressures, and crystal-to-glass transitions (1995)

The direct crystal-to-glass transformation, i.e., spontaneous amorphization, which was first observed by thermal annealing of stishovite ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ at ambient pressure, has now been observed as an isothermal phenomenon during both compression and decompression of initially stable crystals. While counterintuitive, and dependent on kinetically controlled metastable events, the phenomenon is of broad interest and potential importance in materials science and geophysics. In this paper we use a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and analyses of laboratory data to explore the metastable crystal ranges, including the negative pressure range, for key compounds such as the ices, silicas, and alkaline earth perovskites. Our focus is on the establishment of phenomenological patterns rather than on specific metastability-terminating mechanicsms. We find that a simple quadratic law, P-${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\sim}(V-${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{s}}$${)}^{2}$ (where ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{s}}$ are the values of the pressure P and volume V on the spinodal), well approximates the equations of state over much of the metastable and even the stable range---and implies the existence of an isochoric boundary line for stability to isotropic density fluctuations. We delineate the conditions under which amorphization occurs, usually substantially before the stability limit is reached. (c) 1995 The American Physical Society
Crystal structure and properties of a potassium cryptate salt of bis(4-methylimidazolato)(tetraphenylporphinato)iron(III) (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure and properties of a potassium cryptate salt of bis(4-methylimidazolato)(tetraphenylporphinato)iron(III)Robert Quinn, Charles E. Strouse, and Joan S. ValentineCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 26, 3934–3940Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00168a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00168a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Choroidal and cutaneous metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma (2013)

Choroidal or cutaneous metastasis of gastric cancer is rare. Gastrointestinal cancer was found in only 4% in patients with uveal metastasis. Choroidal metastasis from gastric cancer was reported in two cases in earlier literature. The frequency of gastric cancer as a primary lesion was 6% in cutaneous metastasis of men, and cutaneous metastasis occurs in 0.8% of all gastric cancers. We report a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma who presented with visual disorder in his left eye and skin pain on his head as his initial symptoms. These symptoms were diagnosed to be caused by choroidal and cutaneous metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Two cycles of chemotherapy consisted of oral S-1 and intravenous cisplatin (SPIRITS regimen); this was markedly effective to reduce the primary gastric lesion and almost all the metastatic lesions.
Probing surface states in C60decorated ZnO microwires: detailed photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence investigations (2019)

ZnO microwires synthesised by the flame transport method and decorated with C<sub>60</sub> clusters were studied in detail by photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) techniques. The optical investigations suggest that the enhanced near band edge recombination observed in the ZnO/C<sub>60</sub> composites is attributed to the reduction of the ZnO band tail states in the presence of C<sub>60</sub>. Well-resolved free and bound excitons recombination, as well as 3.31 eV emission, are observed with increasing amount of C<sub>60</sub> flooding when compared with the ZnO reference sample. Moreover, a shift of the broad visible emission to lower energies occurs with increasing C<sub>60</sub> content. In fact, this band was found to be composed by two optical centres peaked in the green and orange/red spectral regions, presenting different lifetimes. The orange/red band exhibits faster lifetime decay, in addition to a more pronounced shift to lower energies, while the peak position of the green emission only shows a slight change. The overall redshift of the broad visible band is further enhanced by the change in the relative intensity of the mentioned optical centres, depending on the excitation intensity and on the C<sub>60</sub> flooding. These results suggest the possibility of controlling/tuning the visible emission outcome by increasing the C<sub>60</sub> amount on the ZnO surface due to the surface states present in the semiconductor. An adequate control of such phenomena may have quite beneficial implications when sensing applications are envisaged.
REAL-TIME BLADDER-LAYER RECOGNITION: AN APPROACH TO OPTICAL BIOPSY (2007)

The lining of the bladder is comprised of well defined layers that are clearly visible in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of healthy bladder tissue. These layers are disturbed when cancerous cells are present. Consequently, recognition and classification of the layers of the bladder is very important in recognizing and staging bladder cancer. We present an algorithm that uses texture analysis, the k-means clustering algorithm, and edge detection software to segment OCT images of the lining of the bladder. We visually segmented 101 OCT images of bladder tissue, ran our algorithm on the images, and compared the results. The segmentation matched 59% of the time, matched reasonably well, with clear sources of error 29% of the time, and was incorrect 12% of the time. The combination of this algorithm with future texture analysis of the segmented layers will provide the tools required to perform a real-time optical biopsy using OCT
Development and regulation of dendritic stratification in retinal ganglion cells by glutamate-mediated afferent activity (1995)

In the mature retina, the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are segregated into either ON or OFF sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), but early in development the dendritic processes of these cells are multistratified, ramifying throughout the IPL. We examined the time course of dendritic stratification in developing beta cells, the largest class of ganglion cells in the cat retina, by retrograde labeling of fixed tissue with Dil. Dendritic stratification begins in the central and peripheral retina by embryonic day 50, about 2 weeks before birth and is not fully completed until 5 months postnatally. A clear central-to-peripheral gradient in the incidence of stratified beta cells first becomes evident shortly after birth. This stratification process was effectively halted by short-term intraocular injections (4-11 d) of the glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), which hyperpolarizes rod bipolar cells and ON cone bipolar cells, thereby preventing the release of glutamate by these interneurons. APB treatment did not alter the somal sizes or the tangential extent of the dendrites of developing beta cells, nor did it cause abnormal loss of these neurons. The organization of the inner nuclear layer, containing the APB-sensitive bipolar cells, was also not compromised by such injections. When APB treatment was discontinued there was a rapid resumption of dendritic stratification resulting in a normal incidence of stratified RGCs. Thus, short-term APB treatment causes a delay rather than a permanent arrest of the stratification process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Pyrrolo[3,2‐d][1,3]oxazine‐2,4‐dione. Access to New Pyrrolo[3,2‐e][1,4]diazepine‐2,5‐diones. (2014)

Abstract Ester (I), readily available from isoxazole in 3 steps, is transformed to the desired ring system (III) whose reactivity toward amines, thiols, alcohols, and amino acids is investigated.
[Familial characteristics of children born to HIV-seropositive women]. (1991)

The family situation of 122 children followed at the Necker hospital is analysed in this study: 40% of these children live with both parents, while 22% live with one parent, 10% with their maternal grand mother and 28% are under the care of the Aide Sociale à l'Enfance (Social Services for Children). At this time, less stable family situations and the separation of a child from his mother are not due to the child's HIV status but rather to the social and family context. A better knowledge of these factors is essential to prevent future family separation. Increased awareness and training in this context is urgently needed by the personnel in care of these children as the situation will undoubtedly become even more serious in the next few years.
Molecular Characterization of Subject-Specific Oral Microflora during Initial Colonization of Enamel (2006)

The initial microbial colonization of tooth surfaces is a repeatable and selective process, with certain bacterial species predominating in the nascent biofilm. Characterization of the initial microflora is the first step in understanding interactions among community members that shape ensuing biofilm development. Using molecular methods and a retrievable enamel chip model, we characterized the microbial diversity of early dental biofilms in three subjects. A total of 531 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed, and 97 distinct phylotypes were identified. Microbial community composition was shown to be statistically different among subjects. In all subjects, however, 4-h and 8-h communities were dominated by Streptococcus spp. belonging to the Streptococcus oralis/Streptococcus mitis group. Other frequently observed genera (comprising at least 5% of clone sequences in at least one of the six clone libraries) were Actinomyces, Gemella, Granulicatella, Neisseria, Prevotella, Rothia, and Veillonella. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed that the proportion of Streptococcus sp. sequences in the clone libraries coincided with the proportion of streptococcus probe-positive organisms on the chip. FISH also revealed that, in the undisturbed plaque, not only Streptococcus spp. but also the rarer Prevotella spp. were usually seen in small multigeneric clusters of cells. This study shows that the initial dental plaque community of each subject is unique in terms of diversity and composition. Repetitive and distinctive community composition within subjects suggests that the spatiotemporal interactions and ecological shifts that accompany biofilm maturation also occur in a subject-dependent manner.
The use of native cation‐exchange chromatography to study aggregation and phase separation of monoclonal antibodies (2010)

This study introduces a novel analytical approach for studying aggregation and phase separation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The approach is based on using analytical scale cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) for measuring the loss of soluble monomer in the case of individual and mixed protein solutions. Native CEX outperforms traditional size-exclusion chromatography in separating complex protein mixtures, offering an easy way to assess mAb aggregation propensity. Different IgG1 and IgG2 molecules were tested individually and in mixtures consisting of up to four protein molecules. Antibody aggregation was induced by four different stress factors: high temperature, low pH, addition of fatty acids, and rigorous agitation. The extent of aggregation was determined from the amount of monomeric protein remaining in solution after stress. Consequently, it was possible to address the role of specific mAb regions in antibody aggregation by co-incubating Fab and Fc fragments with their respective full-length molecules. Our results revealed that the relative contribution of Fab and Fc regions in mAb aggregation is strongly dependent on pH and the stress factor applied. In addition, the CEX-based approach was used to study reversible protein precipitation due to phase separation, which demonstrated its use for a broader range of protein-protein association phenomena. In all cases, the role of Fab and Fc was clearly dissected, providing important information for engineering more stable mAb-based therapeutics.