gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Electric Field Sensor Enables Single Shot Label-Free Imaging of Bioelectric Potentials (2021)

The measurement of electrical activity across systems of excitable cells underlies current progress in neuroscience, cardiac pharmacology, and neurotechnology. However, bioelectricity spans orders of magnitude in intensity, space, and time, posing substantial technological challenges. The development of methods permitting network-scale recordings with high spatial resolution remains key to studies of electrogenic cells, emergent networks, and bioelectric computation. Here, we demonstrate single-shot and label-free imaging of extracellular potentials with high resolution across a wide field-of-view. The critically coupled waveguide-amplified graphene electric field (CAGE) sensor leverages the field-sensitive optical transitions in graphene to convert electric potentials into the optical regime. As a proof-of-concept, we use the CAGE sensor to detect native electrical activity from cardiac action potentials with tens-of-microns resolution, simultaneously map the propagation of these potentials at tissue-scale, and monitor their modification by pharmacological agents. This platform is robust, scalable, and compatible with existing microscopy techniques for multimodal correlative imaging.
Quantizing mixture-weights in a tied-mixture HMM (2002)

We describe new techniques to significantly reduce computational, storage and memory access requirements of a tied mixture HMM based speech recognition system. Although continuous mixture HMMs offer improved recognition performance, we show that tied mixture HMMs may offer significant advantage in complexity reduction for low cost implementations. In particular, we consider two tasks: (a) connected digit recognition in car noise; and (b) subword modeling for command word recognition in a noisy office environment. We show that quantization of mixture weights can provide an almost three fold reduction in mixture weight storage requirements without any significant loss in recognition performance. Furthermore, we show that by combining mixture weight quantization with techniques such as VQ-Assist, the computational and memory access requirements can be reduced by almost 60-80% without any degradation in recognition performance.
Enhanced Four‐Wave Mixing in Silicon Nitride Waveguides Integrated with 2D Layered Graphene Oxide Films (2020)

Abstract Layered 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are integrated with silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides to experimentally demonstrate an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity via four‐wave mixing (FWM). SiN waveguides with both uniformly coated and patterned GO films are fabricated based on a transfer‐free, layer‐by‐layer GO coating method along with standard photolithography and lift‐off processes, yielding precise control of the film thickness, placement, and coating length. Detailed FWM measurements are carried out for the fabricated devices with different numbers of GO layers and at different pump powers, achieving up to ≈7.3 dB improvement in the FWM conversion efficiency for an uniformly coated device with one layer of GO and ≈9.1 dB for a patterned device with five layers of GO. A detailed analysis of the influence of pattern length and position on the FWM performance is performed. The dependence of GO's third‐order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extracted, revealing interesting physical insights about the layered 2D GO films. Finally, an enhancement is obtained in the effective nonlinear parameter of the hybrid waveguides by over a factor of 100 relative to bare SiN waveguide. These results demonstrate the high nonlinear optical performance of SiN waveguides integrated with layered 2D GO films.
Quasi-steady-state pulsed plasma thrusters. (1966)

Quasi-steady-state operation of arc thrustor obtained with pulse time of few hundred microseconds, producing continuous plasma stream
Epilepsy resistant to anticonvulsant therapy. (1992)

The objective when treating a patient with refractory epilepsy is to control the seizures without drug toxicity. This is accomplished in a stepwise fashion: 1) use a drug known to be effective in the species being treated, 2) verify that the owner is complying with the prescribed dosage regimen, 3) monitor serum drug levels with samples taken at trough blood concentrations, 4) observe for adverse drug reactions/interactions, and 5) test for metabolic or structural brain injuries that would explain the poor drug response. By following these steps and individualizing the treatment for each patient, you should be able to obtain seizure control in the majority of patients.
Ultrafast Tracking Power Supply With Fourth-Order Output Filter and Fixed-Frequency Hysteretic Control (2008)

A practical solution is presented for the design of a non-isolated dc/dc power converter with very low output ripple voltage and very fast output voltage step response. The converter is intended for use as an envelope tracking power supply for a radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) in a TETRA enhanced data service (TEDS) base station. A simple and effective fixed-frequency hysteretic control scheme for the converter (buck with fourth-order output filter) is developed and analyzed. The proposed approach is verified experimentally by a 500 W output prototype, capable of delivering any voltage in the range of 10-30 V within 10 mus with 10 mVpp of output ripple and efficiencies in the 88%-95% range.
Multizone sound reproduction in reverberant environments using an iterative least-squares filter design method with a spatiotemporal weighting function (2017)

A previously proposed iterative filter design procedure, referred to as Iterative DFT-domain Inversion (IDI), is applied in the context of multizone sound reproduction in reverberant environments. The IDI approach aims at iteratively solving a least-squares problem, where the true reproduction error in the time domain is considered rather than narrowband errors in the frequency domain. In this paper, a spatiotemporal weighting function, which can be tailored to the problem at hand, is applied to the reproduction error in order to flexibly control the behavior of the designed rendering system, where a constraint is imposed on the energy of the impulse responses of the loudspeaker prefilters. The efficacy of the proposed spatiotemporal weighting is verified experimentally. In particular, it is shown that the acoustic contrast between the local listening areas can be significantly increased by allowing for a certain amount of reverberation in the bright zone. At the same time, the accuracy of the first wave front synthesized in the bright zone remains unaffected. Furthermore, undesired pre-echoes-which occur prior to the desired wave front and may impair the perceived location of the synthesized source, but also the crispness of impulsive sounds-can be reduced.
Wing sweep effects on laminar separated flows (2022)

We reveal the effects of sweep on the wake dynamics around NACA 0015 wings at high angles of attack using direct numerical simulations and resolvent analysis. The influence of sweep on the wake dynamics is considered for sweep angles from $0^\circ$ to $45^\circ$ and angles of attack from $16^\circ$ to $30^\circ$ for a spanwise periodic wing at a chord-based Reynolds number of $400$ and a Mach number of $0.1$ . Wing sweep affects the wake dynamics, especially in terms of stability and spanwise fluctuations with implications on the development of three-dimensional (3-D) wakes. We observe that wing sweep attenuates spanwise fluctuations. Even as the sweep angle influences the wake, force and pressure coefficients can be collapsed for low angles of attack when examined in wall-normal and wingspan-normal independent flow components. Some small deviations at high sweep and incidence angles are attributed to vortical wake structures that impose secondary aerodynamic loads, revealed through the force element analysis. Furthermore, we conduct global resolvent analysis to uncover oblique modes with high disturbance amplification. The resolvent analysis also reveals the presence of wavemakers in the shear-dominated region associated with the emergence of 3-D wakes at high angles of attack. For flows at high sweep angles, the optimal convection speed of the response modes is shown to be faster than the optimal wavemakers speed suggesting a mechanism for the attenuation of perturbations. The present findings serve as a fundamental stepping stone to understanding separated flows at higher Reynolds numbers.
Intensity Inversion in the Balmer Spectrum ofC5+ (1978)

Intensity inversion between the first (3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2) and second (4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2) Balmer series spectral lines of ${\mathrm{C}}^{5+}$ ions has been observed during plasma expansion into a buffer gas. Numerical modeling indicates that the Balmer spectrum is consistent with the Lyman spectrum and with charge-transfer pumping of the $n=4$ level. Electron-ion recombination alone is insufficient to explain the observed intensity distribution.
Methylene blue reduces pulmonary oedema and cyclo-oxygenase products in endotoxaemic sheep (2002)

The authors recently demonstrated that methylene blue (MB), an inhibitor of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, reduces the increments in pulmonary capillary pressure, lung lymph flow and protein clearance in endotoxaemic sheep. In the present study, the authors examined whether MB influences pulmonary haemodynamics and accumulation of extravascular lung water (EVLW) by mechanisms other than the NO pathway. Sixteen awake, chronically-instrumented sheep randomly received either an intravenous injection of MB 10 mg x kg(-1) or isotonic saline. Thirty minutes later, all sheep received an intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin 1 microg x kg(-1) for 20 min and either an intravenous infusion of MB 2.5 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) or isotonic saline for 6 h. MB markedly attenuated the endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure, and reduced the accumulation of EVLW. Moreover, MB reduced the increments in plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, and abolished the febrile response. However, MB had no effect on the changes in circulating neutrophils, serum hyaluronan, and total haemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway. The authors conclude that in sheep, methylene blue attenuates the endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and oedema, at least in part, by inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid. This is a novel effect of methylene blue in vivo.
Building on the Wildfire Management Overlay's Success (2010)

The key aspects and features of the Wildlife Management Overlay (WMO) and it aims and objectives are discussed. The WMO's effectiveness, success and its limitations are highlighted.
Effect of wireless link characteristics on packet-level QoS in CDMA/CSMA networks (1998)

In this paper, we analyze the effect of wireless link characteristics on throughput, packet delay, and packet loss rate in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks using carrier-sense multiple-access (CSMA) protocols. Although CSMA protocols are being extensively considered for applications in wireless networks, there is no comprehensive analysis of the effect of the link characteristics on packet level QoS. In our paper, link parameters are incorporated into the analysis through the probability of correct channel sensing, the probability of packet correct demodulation, and the channel fading rate. Although the imperfect channel sensing degrades the system performance, the analysis demonstrates that the CSMA system outperforms ALOHA even if the probability of incorrect channel sensing is higher than 10/sup -1/. A number of numerical results quantitatively illustrates the impact of the channel fading rate and spatial correlation of the fading on packet level QoS. These results can be used for practical network design.
Multiple Translation-Engine-based Hypotheses and Edit-Distance-based Rescoring for a Greedy Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation (2005)

This paper extends a greedy decoder for statistical machine translation (SMT), which searches for an optimal translation by using SMT models starting from a decoder seed, i.e., the source language input paired with an initial translation hypothesis. First, the outputs generated by multiple translation enginesare utilized as the initial translation hypotheses, whereby their variations reduce local optima problems inherent in the search. Second, a rescoring method based on the edit-distance between the initial translation hypothesis and the outputs of the decoder is used to compensate for problems of conventional greedy decoding solely based on statistical models. Our approach is evaluated for the translation of dialogues in the travel domain, and the results show that it drastically improves translation quality.
Smalti porcellanati: una soluzione per la protezione delle superfici metalliche dalla corrosione (2006)

Il lavoro presenta uno studio comparativo che è stato condotto su alcuni smalti porcellanati applicati su superfici metalliche, in particolare su acciaio a bassissimo tenore di carbonio. Le prove sperimentali sono state condotte utilizzando una soluzioni di acido solforico in temperatura. Sono stati considerati sei differenti tipi di smalti porcellanati caratterizzati da composizioni osside sostanzialmente differenti. Lo scopo dello studio è quello di mettere in evidenza i comportamenti degli smalti porcellanati rispetto all’aggressione esercitata da un ambiente fortemente acido. Lo studio pone le basi per le riflessioni necessarie al fine di poter sviluppare nuove generazioni di smalti porcellanati ad elevatissima resistenza all’aggressione degli acidi.
QSR1, an Essential Yeast Gene with a Genetic Relationship to a Subunit of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome bc1Complex, Is Homologous to a Gene Implicated in Eukaryotic Cell Differentiation (1995)

Subunit 6 of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex regulates the activity of the bc1 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae but is not essential for respiration. To test whether QCR6, the nuclear gene which encodes subunit 6, might be functionally redundant with any other gene(s), we screened for mutations in yeast genes which are essential when the otherwise non-essential QCR6 is deleted from the yeast chromosome. We obtained such quinolcytochrome c reductase subunit-requiring mutants in two complementation groups, which we named qsr1 and qsr2. The qsr mutants require QCR6 for viability on fermentable and non-fermentable carbon sources, indicating that QCR6 is covering lethal mutations in qsr1 and qsr2, even when the yeast do not require respiration. QSR1 was cloned by rescuing the synthetic lethality of a qsr1-1 mutant. QSR1 encodes a 25.4-kDa protein which is 65% identical to a protein encoded by QM, a highly conserved human gene which has been implicated in tumorigenesis. In mammals QM is down-regulated during adipocyte, kidney, and heart differentiation, and in Nicotiana the homolog of QM is also down-regulated during differentiation. When one chromosomal copy of QSR1 was deleted in a diploid yeast strain, haploid spores derived therefrom and carrying the deletion were unable to grow on fermentable or non-fermentable carbon sources. Although QCR6 allows the qsr1-1 mutant to grow, it will not substitute for QSR1, since the deletion of QSR1 is lethal even if QCR6 is present. These results indicate a novel genetic relationship between a subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and an essential gene in yeast which is homologous to a gene implicated in differentiation in other eukaryotes.
DREAD: distributed real-time air defense system (2002)

We present a solution to the problem of distributed air defense. The system consists of a set of 10 mobile nodes communicating with each other through a 500 KB/sec low bandwidth medium and via a surveillance satellite. These nodes are deployed on the battle-space and coordinate with each other in order to satisfy the system requirements. The system should be able to handle up to 10,000 tracks, identified as targets, and up to 100 tracks engaged by missiles. This involves analyzing tracks and determining whether they are targets, analyzing targets to determine their lethality and providing the signaling required for guidance. Thus, this real-time problem reduces to scheduling different types of real-time tasks before their respective deadlines. In addition, the number of tracks, targets or to-be-engaged tasks could temporarily exceed the capacity of a given node. Also, the different nodes must coordinate with each other to avoid redundant engagements and to ensure a consistent view of all tracks by the system. This not only entails scheduling the extra aperiodic real-time tasks needed to support the above activities, but also efficient location, transfer and information policies for load balancing and consensus protocols for ensuring a consistent view of all the tracks. The paper presents the system model in terms of the different modules and tables maintained to carry out the above functions. It describes the different design aspects considered, including scheduling, load balancing and consistency maintenance.
Optimal filtering for improved perfusion sensitivity (2017)

Ultrasonic perfusion imaging requires high sensitivity to slow disorganized blood-flow patterns while simultaneously rejecting clutter and noise. We achieve high sensitivity to both vascular flow and perfusion without contrast enhancement by adopting the following sampling pattern. Doppler pulses sampled at 1 kHz were acquired to form a Doppler frame. Frames were recorded at 10 Hz over 10 seconds. We organized these echo data into a 3-D array along slow-time, frame-time, and spatial axes. The 3-D echo array was decomposed using a 3-D SVD method to effectively separate blood flow signals from clutter and noise. These techniques were applied to a murine melanoma model at 24 MHz to form power Doppler tumor images. The results show the vascular perfusion of lesions without contrast enhancement.
New real‐time demand‐side management approach for energy management systems (2019)

This study proposes a new demand‐side management (DSM) technique, which is characterised by low computational requirements. The proposed technique relies on developing an operational matrix by the device local controller based on the device characteristics and the customer preferences. This matrix is sent to the energy management system (EMS) without the need to send any further information about the device or the customer preferences; then, the EMS chooses the optimal schedule for the device. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DSM technique, it is incorporated in an EMS that consists of three units controlled by a centralised microgrid controller (MGC). The three units managed by the MGC are the data collection and storage engine, the forecasting engine, and the optimisation engine. The EMS utilises the rolling horizon concept to manage real‐time information and to provide the plug‐and‐play option for all controllable devices. Simulation results on a typical microgrid system show that the proposed DSM technique outperforms conventional DSM approaches in terms of the computational time.
Study on the Screening and Development of Antibiotics in the Mushrooms -The Screening of Fungal Antibiotics in Basidomycetes (I)- (1995)

In order to study antibiotic activities of basidomycetes (mushroom), 68 species of mushroom were extracted with petroleum ether, 80% ethanol, and distilled water in that order. A total of 204 extracts were obtained. Antibiotic activities against Microsporum gypseum were observed from the petroleum ether extracts of Abortiporus DGU-L6 mushroom, and the water extracts of Clitogbe DGU-7 mushroom. Antibiotic activity against Aspergillus niger were observed from the 80% ethanol extracts of Cortinarius DGU-51 and Marasmminus DGU-L67 mushroom. The petroleum ether extracts of Hetero DGU-L25 mushroom showed various antibiotic activities, particularly strong activities against M. canis. and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was . The extracts also showed antibiotic activities against A. niger (KCTC 2025), A. niger (KCTC 2118), A. versicolor (KCTC 2120), A. flavus (KCTC 2117), M. gypsem, Pyricularia oryzae, and Trichopyto mentagrophytes, and MIC for each fungus was , respectively.
Transmission network reinforcement versus FACTS: an economic assessment (2000)

While a significant amount of work has been and continues to be devoted to the description and analysis of the technical performance of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), very little attention has been paid to the economics of FACTS devices. The most frequently stated economic benefit of FACTS devices id that they enable postponement of network reinforcement. This paper describes a linear programming approach for computing the maximum savings in operating costs that could be secured from installing ultimate (100%) FACTS. This gives the volume of the "market" potentially available for FACTS. As the main aim of this paper is to assess the competitiveness of FACTS against network reinforcement, only FACTS devices used for active power control are modeled. The volume of the market for FACTS, defined as the difference between the gross benefit of full network flexibility and the net benefit of network reinforcement is determined for a wide range of line reinforcement costs. It is shown that economics of FACTS are system specific and depend strongly on the cost of reinforcement. It is further concluded that at values of network reinforcement costs presently used in practice, FACTS devices may find it difficult to compete favorably with network reinforcement. The model employed in this evaluation takes account of inter-temporal load variations as well as network security constraints in addition to the usual generator output and transmission thermal limits.
THE ORIENTATION OF CHRYSENE1 (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ORIENTATION OF CHRYSENE1MELVIN S. NEWMAN and JOHN A. CATHCARTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1940, 05, 6, 618–622Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01212a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01212a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts