gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkaline Etching for Reflectance Reduction in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2004)

The reflection reducing properties of alkaline-etched multicrystalline wafers are investigated experimentally for high concentration saw-damage etching and low concentration texture etching. Saw-damage etch textures are too flat for multiple bounce reflectance in air, with only 1.6% of the multicrystalline wafer surface calculated to have facet tilt angles above 45° whereby double-bounce reflectance is guaranteed. Texture etching yields 3% lower reflectance in air, due to high angled (up to 54.7°) pyramidal structures on near (100) orientations, whereby 13% of the multicrystalline etch surface has tilt angles above 45°. However, under encapsulation, light is coupled more effectively into the silicon; reflectances for the saw-damage and texture-etched wafers compare only 7 and 5.5% higher, respectively, than upright pyramid textures on monocrystalline silicon(100), compared to 18 and 15% higher in air. This is because a far larger proportion of the multicrystalline wafer (around 40% for the two etches) has tilt angles above 20.9° whereby escaping light is totally internally reflected at the glass-air interface. For texture etching, not only {111} planes are stable to etching but the whole range of {XXY} crystallographic planes between these and {110} orientations, contrary to the accepted texture etching theory. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Antihormonal agents as a strategy to improve the effect of chemo-radiation in cervical cancer: in vitro and in vivo study (2015)

Mifepristone and ICI 182,780 may be potentially promising chemo-radiosensitizing compounds to be used in combination with ionizing irradiation and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with advanced cervical cancer.
Correlation between anthrax lethal toxin neutralizing antibody levels and survival in guinea pigs and nonhuman primates vaccinated with the AV7909 anthrax vaccine candidate (2017)

The anthrax vaccine candidate AV7909 is being developed as a next generation vaccine for a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) indication against anthrax. AV7909 consists of the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA, BioThrax®) bulk drug substance adjuvanted with the immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) compound, CPG 7909. The addition of CPG 7909 to AVA enhances both the magnitude and the kinetics of antibody responses in animals and human subjects, making AV7909 a suitable next-generation vaccine for use in a PEP setting. The studies described here provide initial information on AV7909-induced toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) levels associated with the protection of animals from lethal Bacillus anthracis challenge. Guinea pigs or nonhuman primates (NHPs) were immunized on Days 0 and 28 with various dilutions of AV7909, AVA or a saline or Alhydrogel+CPG 7909 control. Animals were challenged via the inhalational route with a lethal dose of aerosolized B. anthracis (Ames strain) spores and observed for clinical signs of disease and mortality. The relationship between pre-challenge serum TNA levels and survival following challenge was determined in order to calculate a threshold TNA level associated with protection. Immunisation with AV7909 induced a rapid, highly protective TNA response in guinea pigs and NHPs. Surprisingly, the TNA threshold associated with a 70% probability of survival for AV7909 immunized animals was substantially lower than the threshold which has been established for the licensed AVA vaccine. The results of this study suggest that the TNA threshold of protection against anthrax could be modified by the addition of an immune stimulant such as CPG 7909 and that the TNA levels associated with protection may be vaccine-specific.
The Presence of IL-17A and T Helper 17 Cells in Experimental Mouse Brain Tumors and Human Glioma (2010)

These data confirm the presence of Th17 cells in glia-derived CNS tumors and provide the rationale for further investigation into the role of Th17 cells in malignant glioma.
An in situ structural study on the synthesis and decomposition of LiNiO2 (2019)

High-resolution <italic>in situ</italic> synchrotron XRD shades new light on structural evolution during solid-state synthesis and decomposition processes in LiNiO<sub>2</sub>.
Multiplicative Regression with Lognormal Errors (1981)

Abstract The relevance of the lognormal distribution to the biological growth process is discussed, and the major attributes of this distribution are reviewed. Multiplicative regression models with lognormal errors, which are often used in biomass estimation studies, are reviewed and a number of estimators are compared in terms of their simplicity, bias, and mean square error. Recommendations are made as to which of these properties are to receive greater weight depending on the intended use of the regression equations and characteristics of the sample data. Forest Sci. 281-289.
Negative transcriptional regulation of the VCAM-1 gene by fluid shear stress in murine endothelial cells (1997)

To explore the mechanism of shear stress-induced downregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in murine endothelial cells (ECs), we examined the effect of shear stress on VCAM-1 gene transcription and assessed the cis-acting elements involved in this phenomenon. VCAM-1 mRNA expression was downregulated at the transcriptional level as defined by nuclear run-on assay and transient transfection of VCAM-1 promoter-luciferase gene constructs. The luciferase assay on the VCAM-1 deletion mutants revealed that the cis-acting element is contained between -694 and -329 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site. Gel shift assay using overlapping oligonucleotide probes of this region showed that oligonucleotides containing a double AP-1 consensus sequence (TGACTCA) formed distinct complexes with nuclear proteins extracted from shear-stressed cells. Mutation of either one or both of two AP-1 consensus sequences completely abolished the ability of the promoter to respond to shear stress. These results suggest that fluid shear stress downregulates the transcription of the VCAM-1 gene via an upstream cis-element, a double AP-1 consensus sequence, in murine lymph node venule ECs.
The aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and basement membrane components in serum during wound healing in man. (1988)

The aim of this study was to investigate if the serum concentrations of antigens related to basement membrane components and to the interstitial type III collagen reflect the sequential and transitional synthesis of basement membranes and of type III collagen in wound granulation tissue. The aminoterminal propeptide of type III collagen, the 7S domain of type IV collagen and the P1 fragment of laminin were determined in 11, 10 and 6 patients, respectively, during wound healing following intraabdominal surgery. No change was observed in the type III propeptide level at the first postoperative day. During further follow-up (mean 71 days, range 21-155 days), the propeptide levels showed a transitional increase, with a maximum at day 10. A sequential pattern was observed in the increase of the serum concentrations, as the maximum increase of the basement related antigens in serum occurred within the first 7 postoperative days. This is in accordance with observations of an early formation of basement membranes in blood vessels, preceding deposition of interstitial collagens in granulation tissue. The results support the assumption that the serum concentrations of connective tissue related antigens may be valuable markers of wound healing in man.
Analytic model for area and power constrained optimal repeater insertion (2004)

We present an analytic formula for repeater insertion in global interconnects that simultaneously minimizes silicon device area and power dissipation for a given performance /spl tau//sub crit//K where /spl tau//sub crit/ is the minimum possible delay along a global interconnect, with repeaters inserted, and 0<K/spl les/1. Given a certain wire geometry (width and layer assignment) and a factor K, we derive repeater sizes and segment lengths that simultaneously minimize silicon device area and power dissipation associated with the global signal. The analytic model requires only basic device and interconnect characterization data that are easily obtained. The results confirm that performance is expensive in terms of area and power. For example, 85% of performance requires only 30% of the area and 67% of the power compared to the best performance.
Effect of the coupling reagent on the metal inhibition of immobilized urease in an optical biosensor (1995)

Urease was immobilized on aminopropyl glass through different bifunctional coupling reagents (cyanuric chloride, glutaraldehyde, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and phenylene diisothiocyanate) and their metal inhibition characteristics were compared. The inhibition studies were performed using a fibre-optic biosensor configuration, wherein the pH change resulting from the biocatalytic hydrolysis of urea was compared before and after the exposure to the metal samples. The different immobilized urease preparations exhibited varying metal inhibition behaviour: urease bound on cyanuric chloride-(1) and glutaraldehyde-activated (2) support were generally the most sensitive to the inhibition of seven test metal solutions (Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, and Co2+), urease bonded through hexamethylene diisocyanate (3) coupling reagent suffered slightly lesser inhibition, while the enzyme bonded through phenylene diisothiocyanate (4) displayed excellent metal inhibition resistance. A similar trend was observed when the different urease reagents were subjected to long term exposure to a test metal ion (Cu2+). Reagent 4 exhibited only a very slight decrease in its enzyme activity even after a 17 h continuous inhibition with the metal solution while the response of the other three enzyme reagents deteriorated significantly within 3–4 h. The unique inhibition property of urease bound on the diisothiocyanate glass was attributed to the metal binding property of the thiourea linkage formed during the immobilization process and to a more stabilized conformation of the immobilized urease in the said support. The usefulness of 4 was demonstrated in the biosensing of urea in the presence of an inhibiting metal ion, while 1 was applied to the biosensing of metal ion (Hg2+) based on enzyme inhibition measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the New Ternary Halide Series Ba2MCl7 (M: Gd—Yb, Y) Containing the Highly Efficient Up‐Conversion Material Ba2ErCl7. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exendin-4 Ameliorates Motor Neuron Degeneration in Cellular and Animal Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), facilitates insulin signaling, and the long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4) is currently used as an anti-diabetic drug. GLP-1 receptors are widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord, and our prior studies have shown that Ex-4 is neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative disease rodent models, including stroke, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Here we hypothesized that Ex-4 may provide neuroprotective activity in ALS, and hence characterized Ex-4 actions in both cell culture (NSC-19 neuroblastoma cells) and in vivo (SOD1 G93A mutant mice) models of ALS. Ex-4 proved to be neurotrophic in NSC-19 cells, elevating choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, as well as neuroprotective, protecting cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Additionally, in both wild-type SOD1 and mutant SOD1 (G37R) stably transfected NSC-19 cell lines, Ex-4 protected against trophic factor withdrawal-induced toxicity. To assess in vivo translation, SOD1 mutant mice were administered vehicle or Ex-4 at 6-weeks of age onwards to end-stage disease via subcutaneous osmotic pump to provide steady-state infusion. ALS mice treated with Ex-4 showed improved glucose tolerance and normalization of behavior, as assessed by running wheel, compared to control ALS mice. Furthermore, Ex-4 treatment attenuated neuronal cell death in the lumbar spinal cord; immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the rescue of neuronal markers, such as ChAT, associated with motor neurons. Together, our results suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists warrant further evaluation to assess whether their neuroprotective potential is of therapeutic relevance in ALS.
Chemical structure of the drugs with TRPM8 antagonist activity used in this study. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Chemical structure of the drugs with TRPM8 antagonist activity used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Theories of Change and Mediators of Psychotherapy Effectiveness in Adolescents With Externalising Behaviours: A Systematic Review (2022)

Ethical approval was not required. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021231835.
Soft Gelatin Capsijle Update (1986)

The soft gelatin capsule is a relative unknown when compared to more traditional dosage forms. The technology and equipment. needed to prepare the gelatin mass and that. needed to encapsulate the fill material are highly specialized and not readily available. The acquisition of this equipment and technology is not usually economically feasible. The manufacture of soft gelatin capsules has. therefore, developed into primarily a contract manufacturing activityBecause of this. very little is known outside the encapsulation industry of the methods of production, advantages. Limitations, and other attributes of the soft elastic capsule This presentation explains the manufacturing process in order to give an understanding of current topics. Versatility of application. accuracy of dosage. content uniformity product. identification patient, compliance and other. attributes are discused. Consideration is also given to enhanced bioavailability, sustained release. and other innovations utilizing this unique dosage form
Tissue-type imaging using ultrasound tomography (2015)

A method to form a composite image of tissue-types utilizing ultrasound tomographic property-images is presented. This method, which is referred to as tissue-type imaging, has the potential to provide improved diagnostic value for biomedical applications such as breast cancer imaging. Each pixel of the final image obtains a single colour value corresponding to one tissue from a discrete set of tissue-types (e.g., skin, fat, glandular, tumor, and cyst). The composite tissue-type image is created by merging best prediction information obtained from quantitative images of three ultrasonic properties: compressibility, attenuation, and density. Examples based on synthetic scattered pressure data are shown where the data is obtained from an MRI-based numerical breast phantom. Estimated probability density functions for the expected variation of each tissue type's ultrasonic properties are required to form the image.
Rapid Emergence, Subsidence, and Molecular Detection of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 1193- fimH64 , a New Disseminated Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Extraintestinal Pathogen (2019)

<i>Escherichia coli</i> sequence type 1193 (ST1193) is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen. We performed longitudinal and cross-sectional surveillance for ST1193 among clinical and fecal <i>E. coli</i> isolates from Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) patients and their household members, other Minnesota centers, and national VAMCs and compared these ST1193 isolates with archival human and canine ST1193 isolates from Australia (2008). We also developed and extensively validated a novel multiplex PCR assay for ST1193 and its characteristic <i>fimH64</i> (type 1 fimbrial adhesin) allele. We found that ST1193-<i>H</i>64 (where "<i>H</i>64" refers to a phylogenetic subdivision within ST1193 that is characterized by the <i>fimH64</i> allele), which was uniformly fluoroquinolone resistant, appeared to emerge in the United States in a geographically staggered fashion beginning around 2011. Its prevalence among clinical and fecal <i>E. coli</i> isolates at the Minneapolis VAMC rose rapidly beginning in 2013, peaked in early 2017, and then plateaued or declined. In comparison with other ST14 complex (STc14) isolates, ST1193-<i>H</i>64 isolates were more extensively multidrug resistant, whereas their virulence genotypes were less extensive but included (uniquely) K1 capsule and <i>fimH64</i> Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis separated ST1193-<i>H</i>64 isolates from other STc14 isolates and showed genetic commonality between archival Australian versus recent U.S. isolates, fecal versus clinical isolates, and human versus canine isolates. Three main ST1193 pulsotypes differed significantly in resistance profiles and capsular types; emergent pulsotype 2123 was associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance and K1 (versus K5) capsule. These findings clarify ST1193-<i>H</i>64's temporal prevalence trends as a fluoroquinolone-resistant pathogen and commensal; document clonal subsets with distinctive geographic, temporal, resistance, and virulence gene associations; and establish a new laboratory tool for rapid and simple detection of ST1193-<i>H</i>64.
Early Exposure to General Anesthesia Disturbs Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in the Developing Rat Brain (2015)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious Issues Collections Obstetric Airway ManagementMaternal EmbolismRegional Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionGeneral Anesthesia for Cesarean SectionAnalgesia for LaborObstetric HemorrhagePre-Eclampsia/EclampsiaPharmacologyTraumaInfection and SepsisMaternal ObesityMaternl Morbidity and MortalityNeonatal Morbidity and MortalityObstetric ComplicationsAnesthetic ComplicationsNon-Obstetric Maternal DiseaseCritical CareDrug Abuse in PregnancyEthicsSystems Based Practice For Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Dissociation and Self-Preservation of Gas Hydrates in Permafrost (2018)

Gases releasing from shallow permafrost above 150 m may contain methane produced by the dissociation of pore metastable gas hydrates, which can exist in permafrost due to self-preservation. In this study, special experiments were conducted to study the self-preservation kinetics. For this, sandy samples from gas-bearing permafrost horizons in West Siberia were first saturated with methane hydrate and frozen and then exposed to gas pressure drop below the triple-phase equilibrium in the “gas–gas hydrate–ice” system. The experimental results showed that methane hydrate could survive for a long time in frozen soils at temperatures of −5 to −7 °C at below-equilibrium pressures, thus evidencing the self-preservation effect. The self-preservation of gas hydrates in permafrost depends on its temperature, salinity, ice content, and gas pressure. Prolonged preservation of metastable relict hydrates is possible in ice-rich sandy permafrost at −4 to −5 °C or colder, with a salinity of &lt;0.1% at depths below 20–30 m.
A Class of Environmental and Endogenous Toxins Induces BRCA2 Haploinsufficiency and Genome Instability (2017)

Mutations truncating a single copy of the tumor suppressor, BRCA2, cause cancer susceptibility. In cells bearing such heterozygous mutations, we find that a cellular metabolite and ubiquitous environmental toxin, formaldehyde, stalls and destabilizes DNA replication forks, engendering structural chromosomal aberrations. Formaldehyde selectively depletes BRCA2 via proteasomal degradation, a mechanism of toxicity that affects very few additional cellular proteins. Heterozygous BRCA2 truncations, by lowering pre-existing BRCA2 expression, sensitize to BRCA2 haploinsufficiency induced by transient exposure to natural concentrations of formaldehyde. Acetaldehyde, an alcohol catabolite detoxified by ALDH2, precipitates similar effects. Ribonuclease H1 ameliorates replication fork instability and chromosomal aberrations provoked by aldehyde-induced BRCA2 haploinsufficiency, suggesting that BRCA2 inactivation triggers spontaneous mutagenesis during DNA replication via aberrant RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops). These findings suggest a model wherein carcinogenesis in BRCA2 mutation carriers can be incited by compounds found pervasively in the environment and generated endogenously in certain tissues with implications for public health.
General Scheme Research of Bridge Inspecting Vehicle Mechanical Parts (2011)

This paper analyzes the scheme resolution process of truss bridge inspecting vehicle, lists series of feasible solutions, selects two special solution and draws mechanism diagram. This has profound significance when developing bridge inspecting vehicle.
A CASE OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS COLITIS DURING STANDARD CHEMOTHERAPY FOR TESTICULAR CANCER (2008)

CMV infection is uncommon in our practice except kidney transplantation. We report a case of cytomegalovirus enterocolitis during standard chemotherapy for testicular cancer. A 31-year-old male presented to his local urologist in January, 2006 with left scrotal swelling. He was diagnosed as left testicular tumor and underwent radical orchiectomy. Pathological examination showed Mixed germ cell tumor (seminoma, yolk sac, embryonal). Four months later, follow-up CT scan revealed multiple metastasis in lung and para aortic lymph nodes. The patient was referred to our institution for further consultation. During 3rd cycle of standard BEP chemotherapy, laboratory data showed severe bone marrow suppression and he subsequently presented prolonged spike fever with watery diarrhea. Despite intensive diagnostic examination including colon fiberscopy, those symptoms remained undiagnosed. One month later, the patient recovered with conservative treatment and serological data showed slightly elevated anti-CMV Ig-M, Ig-G antibody. Immunohistological examination demonstrated CMV positive inclusion bodies in colorectal mucosa. Accordingly the patient's complication was finally diagnosed as CMV enterocolitis. Significant immunosuppression leading to severe colitis by CMV infection or reactivation can occur after standard chemotherapy. It is necessary to screen for CMV infection in patients with prolonged fever with diarrhea during chemotherapy.