gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband magnetoelastic coupling in magnonic-phononic crystals for high-frequency nanoscale spin-wave generation (2017)

Spin waves are promising candidates for information carriers in advanced technology. The interactions between spin waves and acoustic waves in magnetic nanostructures are of much interest because of their potential application for spin-wave generation, amplification, and transduction. We investigate numerically the dynamics of magnetoelastic excitations in a one-dimensional magnonic-phononic crystal consisting of alternating layers of permalloy and cobalt. We use the plane-wave method and the finite-element method for frequency- and time-domain simulations, respectively. The studied structure is optimized for hybridization of specific spin-wave and acoustic dispersion branches in the entire Brillouin zone in a broad frequency range. We show that this type of periodic structure can be used for efficient generation of high-frequency spin waves.
Abstract 100: Multi-drug Cocktail Approach After Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest And Cardiopulmonary Bypass Resuscitation In Rats (2022)

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death in the US. There are limited therapies that substantially improve survival with good neurologic outcomes. The lack of neuroprotective drugs has been cited as a major roadblock to improved outcomes. There have been many failed human trials of potentially neuroprotective drugs. However, most of the failed prior studies have focused on a single drug or single pathological pathway. By contrast, our metabolomic data suggests that after CA multiple pathways are severely dysregulated. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and test the therapeutic effectiveness of a multi-drug cocktail targeting multiple dysfunctional pathways observed during brain ischemia-reperfusion. We sought to increase survival with good neurological outcomes in a highly lethal rat model of 20 min CA followed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) resuscitation. Methods: A multi-drug cocktail formulation was developed comprised of ten drugs (Metformin, poloxamer 188, N- acetylcysteine, Sulbutiamine, Zoniporide, SS-31, Cyclosporin A, CoQ10, Vitamin C, and Edaravone) focusing on distinct metabolic pathways of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (400-500 g) underwent 20 min of asphyxial-CA and 30 min of CPB resuscitation. After the resumption of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), rats received either cocktail or a vehicle (n=6) through a femoral vein for over a 20-minute. Animals were extubated after 4 h of mechanical ventilation. Body temperature was maintained at 37.0 ± 0.5°C. Outcomes assessed include a 4 h survival time and retention of corneal reflex. Results: Cocktail treatment resulted in 4/6 rats surpassing the 4 h survival window, while only 2/6 rats after vehicle treatment. The median survival time was 240.53 min vs 120.62 min for a cocktail vs vehicle, respectively (p=0.067). Furthermore, 4/6 rats treatment with a cocktail demonstrated retention of corneal reflex after 4 h compared with 2/6 rats after vehicle treatment. Conclusion: This pilot study is the first to use a multi-drug cocktail in a severe CA rodent model that demonstrates a trend for better survival and corneal reflex retention. Future studies of cocktails seem warranted if neuroprotective therapies are contemplated in the setting of CA.
Automated liver tissues delineation techniques: A systematic survey on machine learning current trends and future orientations (2022)

Machine learning and computer vision techniques have grown rapidly in recent years due to their automation, suitability, and ability to generate astounding results. Hence, in this paper, we survey the key studies that are published between 2014 and 2022, showcasing the different machine learning algorithms researchers have used to segment the liver, hepatic tumors, and hepatic-vasculature structures. We divide the surveyed studies based on the tissue of interest (hepatic-parenchyma, hepatic-tumors, or hepatic-vessels), highlighting the studies that tackle more than one task simultaneously. Additionally, the machine learning algorithms are classified as either supervised or unsupervised, and they are further partitioned if the amount of work that falls under a certain scheme is significant. Moreover, different datasets and challenges found in literature and websites containing masks of the aforementioned tissues are thoroughly discussed, highlighting the organizers’ original contributions and those of other researchers. Also, the metrics used excessively in the literature are mentioned in our review, stressing their relevance to the task at hand. Finally, critical challenges and future directions are emphasized for innovative researchers to tackle, exposing gaps that need addressing, such as the scarcity of many studies on the vessels’ segmentation challenge and why their absence needs to be dealt with sooner than later.
The Development of Vergence Does Not Account for the Onset of Stereopsis (1983)

The onset of measurable stereopsis in human infants occurs at approximately 4 months of age, directly following a period of rapid oculomotor development. The experiment reported here was designed to investigate whether the onset of stereopsis is determined solely by the onset of accurate oculomotor coordination or whether neural development in the binocular visual system is necessary. These alternatives were examined by means of a testing procedure which ensured that stimuli were presented within 1.4 deg of the horopter. That these stimuli are insensitive to errors of vergence was verified by testing thirty infants aged 6 to 10 months who were known to have stereoacuity of at least 1 min of visual angle. All but one infant retained the ability to make stereo discriminations with simulated vergence errors of up to 30 prism diopters. Results obtained from a group of forty-four infants tested longitudinally between 0 and 6 months showed a mean age of onset of stereopsis of 4.1 months. Thus, ensuring that stimuli are presented near to the horopter does not significantly alter estimates of the age of onset of stereopsis. These results suggest that neural development which is critical for the ability to make stereo discrimination must occur during the first 3 months of life.
Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Shows Local Increases in Low-Frequency Oscillations and Global Decreases in High-Frequency Oscillations Compared to Resting Wakefulness (2018)

It is often assumed that during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep the cerebral cortex homogenously shows electroencephalogram (EEG) activity highly similar to wakefulness. However, to date no studies have compared neural oscillatory activity in human REM sleep to resting wakefulness with high spatial sampling. In the current study, we evaluated high-resolution topographical changes in neural oscillatory power between both early and late naturalistic REM sleep and resting wakefulness in adult humans. All-night recordings with 256-channel high-density EEG (hd-EEG) were collected in healthy volunteers (<i>N</i> = 12). Topographic analysis revealed that, compared to wake, both the first and last cycle of REM sleep were associated with increased low-frequency oscillations in local central and occipital regions. In contrast, high-frequency activity in both α and β bands (8-20 Hz) was globally decreased during both early and late REM sleep cycles compared to wakefulness. No significant differences in topographic power in any frequency band were observed between REM sleep cycles occurring early and late in the night. We replicated these findings in an independent dataset (<i>N</i> = 33). Together, our findings show that human REM sleep shows consistent topographical changes in oscillatory power across both early and late sleep cycles compared to resting wakefulness.
Single-atom heterogeneous catalysts based on distinct carbon nitride scaffolds (2018)

Abstract Carbon nitrides integrating macroheterocycles offer unique potential as hosts for stabilizing metal atoms due to their rich electronic structure. To date, only graphitic heptazine-based polymers have been studied. Here, we demonstrate that palladium atoms can be effectively isolated on other carbon nitride scaffolds including linear melem oligomers and poly(triazine/heptazine imides). Increased metal uptake was linked to the larger cavity size and the presence of chloride ions in the polyimide structures. Changing the host structure leads to significant variation in the average oxidation state of the metal, which can be tuned by exchange of the ionic species as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and supported by density functional theory. Evaluation in the semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol reveals an inverse correlation between the activity and the degree of oxidation of palladium, with oligomers exhibiting the highest activity. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the influence of the carbon nitride structure on metal stabilization.
Cost-effective Network Topology For Ubiquitous Bluetooth Reader Deployment In Urban Networks (2015)

Travel time, an important performance measure for transportation systems, has traditionally been studied indirectly, but new technologies have made it possible to observe travel times directly. An increasingly popular method for travel time estimation is the use of a network of Bluetooth MAC address readers, where sampled addresses can be matched and travel times estimated. While most studies have addressed deployment for single roads, usually freeways or large arterials, the ubiquitous deployment of Bluetooth readers in a dense urban network raises new questions about network topology. In this paper, the authors explore the pros and cons associated with node (intersection) versus monument (mid-block) deployment of readers for dense, urban networks. A low-cost Bluetooth reader design developed for these experiments is described, and they present findings from four different deployments using these readers. The authors conclude that locating MAC readers at nodes is easier and more cost effective than deploying at monuments (where previous studies have recommended that readers should be located), without loss of data quality. The results in this paper show that MAC readers located at nodes are able to capture turning movements effectively, and in many cases outperform readers located at monuments.
Heterogeneity in the inter-tumor transcriptome of high risk prostate cancer (2014)

Genomic analyses of hundreds of prostate tumors have defined a diverse landscape of mutations and genome rearrangements, but the transcriptomic effect of this complexity is less well understood, particularly at the individual tumor level. We selected a cohort of 25 high-risk prostate tumors, representing the lethal phenotype, and applied deep RNA-sequencing and matched whole genome sequencing, followed by detailed molecular characterization. Ten tumors were exposed to neo-adjuvant hormone therapy and expressed marked evidence of therapy response in all except one extreme case, which demonstrated early resistance via apparent neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. We observe high inter-tumor heterogeneity, including unique sets of outlier transcripts in each tumor. Interestingly, outlier expression converged on druggable cellular pathways associated with cell cycle progression, translational control or immune regulation, suggesting distinct contemporary pathway affinity and a mechanism of tumor stratification. We characterize hundreds of novel fusion transcripts, including a high frequency of ETS fusions associated with complex genome rearrangements and the disruption of tumor suppressors. Remarkably, several tumors express unique but potentially-oncogenic non-ETS fusions, which may contribute to the phenotype of individual tumors, and have significance for disease progression. Finally, one ETS-negative tumor has a striking tandem duplication genotype which appears to be highly aggressive and present at low recurrence in ETS-negative prostate cancer, suggestive of a novel molecular subtype. The multitude of rare genomic and transcriptomic events detected in a high-risk tumor cohort offer novel opportunities for personalized oncology and their convergence on key pathways and functions has broad implications for precision medicine.
Deep-Learning Based Positron Range Correction of PET Images (2020)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that provides a 3D image of functional processes in the body in vivo. Some of the radionuclides proposed for PET imaging emit high-energy positrons, which travel some distance before they annihilate (positron range), creating significant blurring in the reconstructed images. Their large positron range compromises the achievable spatial resolution of the system, which is more significant when using high-resolution scanners designed for the imaging of small animals. In this work, we trained a deep neural network named Deep-PRC to correct PET images for positron range effects. Deep-PRC was trained with modeled cases using a realistic Monte Carlo simulation tool that considers the positron energy distribution and the materials and tissues it propagates into. Quantification of the reconstructed PET images corrected with Deep-PRC showed that it was able to restore the images by up to 95% without any significant noise increase. The proposed method, which is accessible via Github, can provide an accurate positron range correction in a few seconds for a typical PET acquisition.
The nuclear matrix elements of 0νββ decay and the NUMEN project at INFN-LNS (2018)

The goal of NUMEN project is to access experimentally driven information on Nuclear Matrix Elements (NME) involved in the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ), by high-accuracy measurements of the cross sections of Heavy Ion (HI) induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. The knowledge of the nuclear matrix elements is crucial to infer the neutrino average masses from the possible measurement of the half-life of 00νββ decay and to compare experiments on different isotopes. In particular, the ( 18 O, 18 Ne) and ( 20 Ne, 20 O) reactions are performed as tools for β + β + and β - β - decays, respectively. The experiments are performed at INFN - Laboratory Nazionali del Sud (LNS) in Catania using the Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) to accelerate the beams and the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer to detect the reaction products. The measured cross sections are very low, limiting the present exploration to few selected isotopes of interest in the context of typically low-yield experimental runs. In order to make feasible a systematic study of all the candidate nuclei, a major upgrade of the LNS facility is foreseen to increase the experimental yield of about two orders of magnitude. To this purpose, frontier technologies are going to be developed for both the accelerator and the detection systems. In parallel, advanced theoretical models will be developed to extract the nuclear structure information from the measured cross sections.
Protein Kinase C ß and Prolyl Isomerase 1 Regulate Mitochondrial Effects of the Life-Span Determinant p66 Shc (2007)

The 66-kilodalton isoform of the growth factor adapter Shc (p66Shc) translates oxidative damage into cell death by acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producer within mitochondria. However, the signaling link between cellular stress and mitochondrial proapoptotic activity of p66Shc was not known. We demonstrate that protein kinase C beta, activated by oxidative conditions in the cell, induces phosphorylation of p66Shc and triggers mitochondrial accumulation of the protein after it is recognized by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Once imported, p66Shc causes alterations of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses and three-dimensional structure, thus inducing apoptosis. These data identify a signaling route that activates an apoptotic inducer shortening the life span and could be a potential target of pharmacological approaches to inhibit aging.
Autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in collagenous colitis. (1996)

No firm evidence for an autoimmune genesis in collagenous colitis is found in this study, although the findings of a positive ANA-titre in some patients and an increased IgM level might give some support for this hypothesis.
Unfolding of the RAP-D3 Helical Bundle Facilitates Dissociation of RAP−Receptor Complexes (2008)

The receptor-associated protein (RAP) functions as an escort protein for receptors of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family by preventing premature intracellular binding of ligands and assisting with delivery of mature receptors to the cell surface. The modulation of affinity by pH is believed to play an important role in the escort function of RAP, because RAP binds tightly to proteins of the LDLR family at near-neutral pH early in the secretory pathway where its high affinity precludes premature binding of ligands but then dissociates from bound receptors at the lower pH of the Golgi compartment. The third domain of RAP (RAP-D3), which forms a three-helix bundle, is sufficient to reconstitute the escort activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that low-pH induced unfolding of the RAP-D3 helical bundle facilitates dissociation of RAP-receptor complexes. First, variants of RAP-D3 resistant to low pH-induced unfolding were constructed by replacing interior histidine residues with phenylalanines. In contrast to native RAP-D3, which exhibits an unfolding pKa of 6.3 and a Tm of 42 degrees C, the most hyperstable variant of RAP-D3, in which four histidine residues are replaced with phenylalanine, has an unfolding pKa of 4.8, and a Tm of 58 degrees C. The phenylalanine substitutions in RAP-D3 confer increased stability to pH-induced dissociation of complexes formed between RAP-D3 and a two-repeat fragment of the LDLR (LA3-4). When introduced into full-length RAP, the four mutations that confer hyperstability on RAP-D3 interfere with transport of endogenous LRP-1 to the cell surface in a dominant negative fashion under conditions where expression of normal RAP has no effect on LRP-1 transport. Our studies support a model in which low pH-dependent unfolding of RAP-D3 facilitates dissociation of RAP from the LA repeats of LDLR family proteins in the mildly acidic pH of the Golgi.
Hierarchical Projections of Women in the Household: Brahmanical Perceptions Recorded in the Early "Grhyasutras" c.800-500 B.C. (2004)

Jaya S. Tyagi, Hierarchical Projections of Women in the Household: Brahmanical Perceptions Recorded in the Early "Grhyasutras" c.800-500 B.C., Social Scientist, Vol. 32, No. 5/6 (May - Jun., 2004), pp. 3-20
Long-term excessive magnesium supplementation is deleterious whereas suboptimal supply is beneficial for bones in rats. (2000)

The long-term effects of a suboptimal magnesium supply inducing a marginal or moderate deficiency or of an excessive magnesium supplementation corresponding to a basal diet with a high pharmacological intake were investigated in 36 growing Sprague-Dawley female rats. The rats were randomly divided in three groups and received a purified diet with 7 g calcium, 5 g phosphorus and either 0.2, 0.5 or 2 g magnesium per kg diet for 7 months. At the end of the trial, plasma and erythrocyte total magnesium concentrations were significantly lower in the magnesium-deficient group than in the respective control group. Serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, PTH and IGF-I and the length of the right humeri were not affected by the dietary treatment. The volumes corrected for body weight, the medio-lateral diameters and the ratios dry weight/length of the right humeri, and the dry weight corrected for body weight of the left tibiae and of the right humeri were significantly smaller in the magnesium-supplemented group than in the two other groups. The magnesium contents of the left tibiae and of the first lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower in the magnesium-deficient group than in the two other groups. In the right femora, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed significantly smaller areas in the proximal part and significantly smaller mineral contents in the second proximal quarter in the magnesium-supplemented group compared with the two other groups. Peripheral quantitative computer tomography of the right humeri revealed in the cortex significantly larger values for the relative area, mineral content, mineral density and thickness in the magnesium-deficient group compared with the control group. The maximum point of the load-deformation curve was significantly reduced in the fifth lumbar vertebrae and in the proximal femoral metaphyses of the magnesium-supplemented group. These results indicate that the long-term suboptimal magnesium supply improved some of the parameters indicators of bone health whereas the long-term supplementation was deleterious.
Untersuchung der Schattentoleranz von Baumarten auf Grundlage der Datenbank bayerischer Naturwaldreservate (2008)

Anhand eines Datensatzes von 1.708 Vegetationsaufnahmen aus 154 bayerischen Naturwaldreservaten wurde die realisierte Ã¶kologische Nische von 25 Baumarten hinsichtlich Lichtbedarf bzw. Schattentoleranz untersucht. FÃ¼r jede Baumart wurde die Stetigkeit des Vorkommens in Baumschicht und VerjÃ¼ngung berechnet. FÃ¼r jede Aufnahme wurde die dem Bestandesunterwuchs zur VerfÃ¼gung stehende Lichtmenge durch Berechnung des mittleren ungewichteten Licht-Zeigerwertes (mL) aller vorkommenden Arten (ohne Baumschicht) auf einer Relativskala geschÃ¤tzt. FÃ¼r jede 0,5-Einheiten-Stufe von mL wurde die PrÃ¤ferenz jeder Baumart, getrennt nach Baum- (> 5m) und VerjÃ¼ngungsschicht (< 5m), als Differenz zwischen relativer HÃ¤ufigkeit der jeweiligen Art und der relativen HÃ¤ufigkeit aller Aufnahmen in der mL-Stufe im gesamten Datensatz berechnet. Die PrÃ¤ferenzprofile von Baumschicht und VerjÃ¼ngungsschicht bildeten die Grundlage einer numerischen Klassifikation von 6 lichtÃ¶kologischen Nischen typen. Diese Typen werden hinsichtlich ihrer Bindung an bestimmte Entwicklungsphasen und Strukturen der natÃ¼rlichen Walddynamik diskutiert, mit gelÃ¤ufigen Einteilungen der Baumarten verglichen und im Hinblick auf eine Prognose des Verhaltens unter sich Ã¤ndernden Umweltbedingungen ausgewertet. â WÃ¤hrend sich EdellaubbÃ¤ume des Tilio-Acerion in den Reservaten sehr Ã¤hnlich wie Fagus und Abies verhalten, bilden die Baumarten der EichenmischwÃ¤lder eine lichtÃ¶kologische Gruppe mit rÃ¼cklÃ¤ufiger VerjÃ¼ngungstendenz. Unter den Ã¼brigen Halbschattbaumarten hebt sich eine Gruppe heraus, welche sich in geschlossenen BestÃ¤nden vorausverjÃ¼ngt und nach StÃ¶rung in die Baumschicht vordringt. Pionierbaumarten bleiben in Naturwaldreservaten weitestgehend auf Sonderstandorte, wo ihre VerjÃ¼ngung viel Licht vorfindet, beschrÃ¤nkt.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Sialidase. A Benzoic Acid Lead with Novel Interaction. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active labour is associated with increased oxidisibility of serum lipids ex vivo (2002)

High levels of serum hydroperoxides and decreased resistance of serum lipids to copper-induced peroxidation ex vivo suggest labour to be associated with high oxidative stress. Whether oxidative stress is involved in initiating the labour process or is consequent awaits further studies.