gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contamination of white wool by melanin-pigmented fibres when pigmented and white sheep graze together. (1986)

Various densities of black sheep (0, 2%, 9.5%, 21.4% and 50%) were run with white sheep for a period of 10 weeks. The groups were yarded on average once weekly. The number and lengths of melanin-pigmented wool and kemp fibres were measured in carded wool samples from the white fleeces. All groups containing black sheep produced white wool with higher levels of pigmented fibres (an increase of 8- to 64-fold) than the control group (P&lt; 0.05). The extent of contamination of white wool by pigmented fibres increased with the density of black sheep. Both pigmented wool and pigmented kemp fibres occurred frequently in the contaminated wool samples and the fibres mainly had lengths less than 10 mm. The results provide evidence of the risks involved in the practice of including pigmented sheep in white sheep flocks.
A new method of continuous hematocrit measurement insensitive to hemoglobin oxidization (1986)

透析時の血液量の減少は患者の循環系に大きな影響を及ぼし, 血圧降下やショックの原因となる. その防止には患者の血液量のモニターが必要である. 従来から用いられてきたバッチ式ヘマトクリット測定法では, 透析中に必要となる連続的な血液量測定には適していない. そこで, 連続的に血液量を測定するために光素子を用い, 血液に触れることなく, また, 極めて容易にヘマトクリットを測定できる装置を開発した. さらに, 本装置と状態観測器とを組み合わせることにより, 血液量変化速度と血漿補充速度の推定が可能となった.
Correlates of Hausa Language Reading Ability among Adult Learners in Borno State, Nigeria (2012)

Hausa language is one of the widely spoken and a major language in Northern Nigeria. It is a language that is a used as a medium of instruction in adult literacy classes in some states in Northern Nigeria. There are newspapers, magazines and literary books written in Hausa language to be read for the purposes of information, education and entertainment. This study is therefore an attempt to evaluate the correlates of Hausa Language reading ability among Adult Learners in Borno State, Nigeria. Consequently, three objectives and hypotheses were formulated and tested respectively by the researcher.  Of the 238 adult literacy centres in the State, 24 (12 male literacy centres and 12 female adult literacy centres) were randomly selected by lot with four centres representing each group selected. The sample consisted of 298 adult learners made up of 196 male learners and 102 female adult learners in the 24 literacy centres. Four research instruments were used to collect data for this study. These are: i) Learners Social Learning Environment Questionnaire ii) Mental Ability Test iii) Instructors Teaching and Centre’s Quality Questionnaire and iv) Reading Ability Scale. The findings in this study revealed there are significant positive relationship between reading ability and mental ability, centre quality instructors teaching quality, the relationship between Hausa language reading ability and each of the predictor variables were found to be statistically significant. There were no significant differences between male and adult literacy learners in Hausa language reading ability indices. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations were made. Keywords : Correlates, Hausa Language, Adult Learner, Borno State
O2‐PLS for qualitative and quantitative analysis in multivariate calibration (2002)

Abstract In this paper the O‐PLS method [1] has been modified to further improve its interpretational functionality to give (a) estimates of the pure constituent profiles in X as well as model (b) the Y‐orthogonal variation in X , (c) the X‐orthogonal variation in Y and (d) the joint X–Y covariation. It is also predictive in both ways, X ↔ Y . We call this the O2‐PLS approach. In earlier papers we discussed the improved interpretation using O‐PLS compared to the partial least squares projections to latent structures (PLS) when systematic Y‐orthogonal variation in X exists, i.e. when a PLS model has more components than the number of Y variables. In this paper we show how the parameters in the PLS model are affected and to what degree the interpretational ability of the PLS components changes with the amount of Y‐orthogonal variation. In both real and synthetic examples, the O2‐PLS method provided improved interpretation of the model and gave a good estimate of the pure constituent profiles, and the prediction ability was similar to the standard PLS model. The method is discussed from geometric and algebraic points of view, and a detailed description of this modified O2‐PLS method is given and reviewed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Activity of tenofovir on hepatitis B virus replication in HIV-co-infected patients failing or partially responding to lamivudine (2002)

Treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with lamivudine may not completely suppress viral replication and often fails as a result of lamivudine resistance. Tenofovir is a new HIV inhibitor with further activity against HBV, which was explored in 12 HBV/HIV-co-infected patients with detectable levels of serum HBV-DNA, despite receiving a lamivudine-containing antiretroviral regimen. Lamivudine-resistance mutations were found in HBV from seven patients. HBV-DNA levels dropped a median of 3.78 logs from baseline to 24 weeks. Tenofovir was very effective at reducing HBV-DNA levels in HIV/HBV-co-infected patients carrying either wild-type or lamivudine-resistant viruses.
Reconfiguring Parallel State Machine Replication (2017)

State Machine Replication (SMR) is a well-known technique to implement fault-tolerant systems. In SMR, servers are replicated and client requests are deterministically executed in the same order by all replicas. To improve performance in multi-processor systems, some approaches have proposed to parallelize the execution of non-conflicting requests. Such approaches perform remarkably well in workloads dominated by non-conflicting requests. Conflicting requests introduce expensive synchronization and result in considerable performance loss. Current approaches to parallel SMR define the degree of parallelism statically. However, it is often difficult to predict the best degree of parallelism for a workload and workloads experience variations that change their best degree of parallelism. This paper proposes a protocol to reconfigure the degree of parallelism in parallel SMR on-the-fly. Experiments show the gains due to reconfiguration and shed some light on the behavior of parallel and reconfigurable SMR.
Versatile system analysis procedure based on a frequency domain variant of velvet noise (2020)

We introduce a method that enables the simultaneous measurement of system attributes. The attributes are the linear time-invariant, nonlinear time-invariant, and random and extra responses without introducing additional equipment and post-processing. This new procedure uses a new member of time stretched pulses called FVN (Frequency domain variant of Velvet Noise). A high degree of design freedom makes individual FVN generated using different random number seeds plays the key for making orthogonal sequences. We made this procedure and an interactive and realtime acoustic measurement tool in an open-source repository. This procedure and tool enable in-depth measurement of acoustic systems in everyday conditions. The proposed procedure is general and applies to many fields such as altered auditory feedback experiments and assessment of recording and coding effects on voice research.
Structure of the Branched-chain Amino Acid and GTP-sensing Global Regulator, CodY, from Bacillus subtilis (2016)

CodY is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and GTP sensor and a global regulator of transcription in low G + C Gram-positive bacteria. It controls the expression of over 100 genes and operons, principally by repressing during growth genes whose products are required for adaptations to nutrient limitation. However, the mechanism by which BCAA binding regulates transcriptional changes is not clear. It is known that CodY consists of a GAF (c<u>G</u>MP-stimulated phosphodiesterases, <u>a</u>denylate cyclases, <u>F</u>hlA) domain that binds BCAAs and a winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domain that binds to DNA, but the way in which these domains interact and the structural basis of the BCAA dependence of this interaction are unknown. To gain new insights, we determined the crystal structure of unliganded CodY from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> revealing a 10-turn α-helix linking otherwise discrete GAF and wHTH domains. The structure of CodY in complex with isoleucine revealed a reorganized GAF domain. In both complexes CodY was tetrameric. Size exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) experiments showed that CodY is a dimer at concentrations found in bacterial cells. Comparison of structures of dimers of unliganded CodY and CodY-Ile derived from the tetramers showed a splaying of the wHTH domains when Ile was bound; splaying is likely to account for the increased affinity of Ile-bound CodY for DNA. Electrophoretic mobility shift and SEC-MALLS analyses of CodY binding to 19-36-bp operator fragments are consistent with isoleucine-dependent binding of two CodY dimers per duplex. The implications of these observations for effector control of CodY activity are discussed.
PRESERVATION OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS IN DSGSD ENVIRONMENTS:THE MONT FALLÈRE CASE STUDY (AOSTA VALLEY, NW ITALY) (2016)

Deep seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD) in the Western Alps, which usually affect glacial valleys, produce strong deformation in both bedrock and Quaternary cover, generally favouring erosion. This research, which examines a DSGSD along the Mont Fallère southern slope in the Aosta Valley, suggests that DSGSD can also locally favour the formation and preservation of the Quaternary stratigraphic successionns for the following reasons: - the development of transversal elongated depressions, which are essentially connected with the onset of gravitational structures (trenches, minor scarps, and counterscarps) and filled by differentiated Quaternary successions; - the occurrence of closed depressions along the slope, which originate from the gradual evolution of gravitational structures (trenches or minor scarps and associated counterscarps) and are occupied by lakes that are progressively filled by lacustrine and palustrine sequences; - the occurrence of wide, flat, irregular surfaces that are characterized by lower erosional phenomena with respect to the surrounding steep slopes and preserve various Quaternary stratigraphic successions; - the development of rounded reliefs and associated wide depressions, both of which exhibit topographic surfaces that hang over torrential incisions that are located along the main fractures; this morphology favours the preservation of glacial, outwash, lacustrine and palustrine sediments; - wide colluvial and debris cover that buries and partially preserves older Quaternary sediments; - the local occurrence of a travertine cover and carbonatie-cemented sediments, which preserve the older Quaternary sediments. These morphological conditions are favourable to prehistoric human settlements, resulting in archaeological mountain sites that also provide a chronological reference for the evolution of DSGSD.
Synthesis and characterization of pH sensitive poly(PEGDMA‐MAA) copolymeric microparticles for oral insulin delivery (2007)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMA) were synthesized by esterification reaction of different molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) with methacrylic acid in presence of acid catalyst. Their degrees of acrylation were found to be in the range of 93–95% using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PEG dimethacrylates of molecular weight ranging from 400 to 4000 and methacrylic acid were further copolymerized to obtain pH sensitive crosslinked hydrogel microparticles. The diameters of poly(PEGDMA‐MAA) microparticles increased with increasing molecular weight of the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates and was found to be in the range of 0.4–2.7 μm at pH 7.4 and 5.2–25.3 μm at pH 2.5 in aqueous solution. Surface morphology of various polymeric samples were observed using SEM, which showed partial aggregation of particles at pH 2.5 but microparticles coalesce with each other and appeared like a continuous film at pH 7.4. In vitro insulin release studies were performed by simulating the condition of gastrointestinal tract, which showed only 18–25% insulin release into the aqueous medium at pH 2.5 in 90 min, while significantly higher release was observed at pH 7.4. In studies with diabetic rabbits, the blood glucose levels were lower for animals that received the insulin loaded hydrogel microparticles and the effect lasted for 8–10 h. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Conversion of low-quality cotton to bioplastics (2021)

Abstract The use of eco-friendly bioplastics has become a viable solution to reduce the accumulation of petrochemical products in the biosphere and to decrease microplastic contamination. In this study, we used low-quality cotton fibers that lack textile applications to prepare bioplastics. We dissolved cotton fibers in N , N -dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) solvent system and converted cellulose solutions to strong, transparent, and flexible films through casting, gelation, regeneration, plasticization, and hot-pressing. Films were characterized using different analytical techniques to evaluate their physicochemical and mechanical properties. Compared to raw cotton cellulose, regenerated and hot-pressed cellulose films showed amorphous structures and excellent tensile characteristics. The physical and mechanical properties of cellulose films, such as deformation recovery, flexibility, homogeneity, elongation, and surface roughness, were significantly improved by means of plasticization and hot-pressing. Because glycerol plasticization increased the surface hydrophilicity of the films, plasma-induced surface grafting of oleic acid imparted hydrophobicity to cellulose films. This study presents a new avenue for using low-quality cotton fibers that are usually sold at a discounted price to produce value-added bioproducts for different applications. Graphic abstract
The Ribosomal Protein Rpl22 Controls Ribosome Composition by Directly Repressing Expression of Its Own Paralog, Rpl22l1 (2013)

Most yeast ribosomal protein genes are duplicated and their characterization has led to hypotheses regarding the existence of specialized ribosomes with different subunit composition or specifically-tailored functions. In yeast, ribosomal protein genes are generally duplicated and evidence has emerged that paralogs might have specific roles. Unlike yeast, most mammalian ribosomal proteins are thought to be encoded by a single gene copy, raising the possibility that heterogenous populations of ribosomes are unique to yeast. Here, we examine the roles of the mammalian Rpl22, finding that Rpl22(-/-) mice have only subtle phenotypes with no significant translation defects. We find that in the Rpl22(-/-) mouse there is a compensatory increase in Rpl22-like1 (Rpl22l1) expression and incorporation into ribosomes. Consistent with the hypothesis that either ribosomal protein can support translation, knockdown of Rpl22l1 impairs growth of cells lacking Rpl22. Mechanistically, Rpl22 regulates Rpl22l1 directly by binding to an internal hairpin structure and repressing its expression. We propose that ribosome specificity may exist in mammals, providing evidence that one ribosomal protein can influence composition of the ribosome by regulating its own paralog.
A continuous and clean one-step synthesis of nano-particulate Ce1−xZrxO2 solid solutions in near-critical water (2000)

Gram-scale quantities of microcrystalline powdered CeO2–ZrO2 solid solutions can be produced continuously in a near-critical water flow reactor at ca. 300 °C and 25 MPa; rapid hydrothermal co-precipitation leads to nano-particulate Ce1−xZrxO2 (x = 0 to 1), the composition of which is merely determined by the initial concentrations of Ce4+ and Zr4+ ions in the starting solution.
Dispersion engineered air-clad SiGe waveguides with low propagation loss in the mid-infrared (2017)

Summary form only given. Photonic devices operating in the mid-IR (3 μm to 13μm wavelength range) are of great interest for a wide range of applications, such as free-space communications, environmental monitoring or defence. Group IV-based material platforms [1], such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI)[2] and silicon-on-sapphire (SOS)[3] have attracted significant interest for mid-IR integrated photonics. However, absorption in silica beyond 3.5 μm and in sapphire beyond 5.5 μm eventually limits the operational wavelength band of these platforms. More recently, silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloys, with a transparency window potentially extending up to 13 μm depending on the Ge content [4] have emerged as an attractive alternative platform for mid-IR photonics [5-7]. In [6, 7] we reported Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.6</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sub> waveguides buried-in silicon with propagation loss of around 1dB/cm at 4μm, and nonlinear properties somewhat comparable to crystalline silicon between 3.5μm and 5μm.
Nucleophilic displacement at the benzoyl centre: a study of the change in geometry at the carbonyl carbon atom (1997)

The second-order rate constants for the reaction between hydroxide ion and phenoxide ion with 4-nitrophenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids in 10% acetonitrile–water (v/v) solution obey Hammett σ correlations. The values of the Hammett ρ of 1.67 (kArO) and 2.14 (kOH) are consistent with a large change in hybridization at the central carbon by comparison with the ρ value for a standard reaction where a full sp2 to sp3 change occurs. The transition state for the concerted reaction thus has a substantially tetrahedral geometry. The observation of the anti-Hammond effect whereby the ρ value for the hydroxide ion exceeds that of the less reactive phenoxide ion is consistent with a concerted, ANDN, mechanism for these reactions. A stepwise mechanism, AN + DN, is unlikely to yield a measurable break in the Hammett correlation for a change in the benzoyl substituent if the partitioning of the putative tetrahedral intermediate involves forward and reverse reactions with Hammett correlations possessing similar ρ values.
Clustering and Its Effects on Adsorption (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClustering and Its Effects on AdsorptionEli Ruckenstein and Ashok BhaktaCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 8, 2694–2698Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00020a031https://doi.org/10.1021/la00020a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Global Expression Analysis of Cancer/Testis Genes in Uterine Cancers Reveals a High Incidence of BORIS Expression (2007)

These data provide the first extensive survey of multiple CT genes in uterine cancers. Importantly, we detected a high frequency of BORIS expression in uterine cancers, suggesting its potential as an immunologic or diagnostic target for these cancers. Given the high incidence of BORIS expression and its possible regulatory role, an examination of BORIS function in the etiology of these cancers is warranted.
Graph Based Proactive Secure Decomposition Algorithm for Context Dependent Attribute Based Inference Control Problem (2018)

Relational DBMSs continue to dominate the database market, and inference problem on external schema of relational DBMS's is still an important issue in terms of data privacy.Especially for the last 10 years, external schema construction for application-specific database usage has increased its independency from the conceptual schema, as the definitions and implementations of views and procedures have been optimized. This paper offers an optimized decomposition strategy for the external schema, which concentrates on the privacy policy and required associations of attributes for the intended user roles. The method proposed in this article performs a proactive decomposition of the external schema, in order to satisfy both the forbidden and required associations of attributes.Functional dependency constraints of a database schema can be represented as a graph, in which vertices are attribute sets and edges are functional dependencies. In this representation, inference problem can be defined as a process of searching a subtree in the dependency graph containing the attributes that need to be related. The optimized decomposition process aims to generate an external schema, which guarantees the prevention of the inference of the forbidden attribute sets while guaranteeing the association of the required attribute sets with a minimal loss of possible association among other attributes, if the inhibited and required attribute sets are consistent with each other. Our technique is purely proactive, and can be viewed as a normalization process. Due to the usage independency of external schema construction tools, it can be easily applied to any existing systems without rewriting data access layer of applications. Our extensive experimental analysis shows the effectiveness of this optimized proactive strategy for a wide variety of logical schema volumes.
Fine-Grained Activity Recognition by Aggregating Abstract Object Usage (2005)

In this paper we present results related to achieving finegrained activity recognition for context-aware computing applications. We examine the advantages and challenges of reasoning with globally unique object instances detected by an RFID glove. We present a sequence of increasingly powerful probabilistic graphical models for activity recognition. We show the advantages of adding additional complexity and conclude with a model that can reason tractably about aggregated object instances and gracefully generalizes from object instances to their classes by using abstraction smoothing. We apply these models to data collected from a morning household routine.