gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eigenfunction expansion for the analysis of closed cavities (2010)

A hybridization of the finite element formulation (FEM) and an eigenfunction expansion for the eigenanalysis of electrically large cavities including small objects - perturbations is proposed. These small objects are enclosed into correspondingly small fictitious boxes and the field inside them is formulated using FEM. For the large cavity field (outside the objects) an expansion into an infinite number of TE and TM modes (eigenfunctions) of the empty cavity is adopted. Equivalent electric and magnetic current densities are considered on each fictitious box surface through Love's equivalence principle. These are in turn expanded into infinite sums of all possible TE and TM modes, more generally eigenfunctions, of the corresponding box (general field solutions in a 3-D domain). In turn the field continuity conditions on these fictitious surfaces are enforced through the equivalent currents by strictly following the Dirichlet-to-Newmann mathematical formalism. The proposed approach could be considered as a domain-decomposition technique. Finally, the whole procedure yields an eigenvalue problem for the loaded cavity resonant frequencies, which involves only the FEM mesh for the small fictitious boxes. This is in turn solved using the Arnoldi algorithm to yield both resonant frequencies and the modal field distributions. The method is applied for the analysis of numerous loaded cavities and particularly to reverberation chambers.
Protein:Colloid Conjugates for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering:  Stability and Control of Protein Orientation (1998)

Conjugates between cytochrome c (Cc) and colloidal Au particles have been prepared. These conjugates, purified by centrifugation/resuspension, provide a reproducible means of positioning a biomolecule analyte between two metal surfaces: the metal nanoparticle to which the biomolecule is bound and an aggregated Ag sol used as a substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS spectra for Ag:Cc:Au sandwiches made by addition of Cc:Au conjugates to aggregated Ag show that the protein retains its native conformation. Conjugation of Cc to colloidal metal nanoparticles prior to exposure to the SERS substrate can be used as a means of controlling protein orientation with respect to the substrate. In addition, Cc molecules bound to 12-nm diameter Au nanoparticles prior to adsorption to aggregated Ag are more stable to changes in the orientation of the heme with respect to the surface and to surface-induced heme spin state conversion than adsorbed, free Cc. These experiments show that protein:Au conjugates offer benefits as reagents for protein SERS.
Biomechanical analysis of suture anchors and suture materials in a canine femur model (2007)

Biomechanical analysis of acute load to failure (ALF) of three veterinary and one human suture anchor and cyclic load to failure with two suture-material/suture anchor constructs in cadaveric canine femoral condyles. Three veterinary and one human suture anchor were placed in the cranial and caudal aspects of the femoral condyle and subjected to a 0 ALF. The anchors were loaded with 5 USP Fiberwire or 27 kilogram test nylon leader line and subjected to 90 cyclic testing for 10,000 cycles followed by an ALF. The veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal aspect of the condyle, while position had no effect on the human anchor. In the caudal aspect of the condyle, all veterinary anchors had higher ALF than the human anchor. Differences were detected between anchor and suture brands in cycles to failure and in post-cycling ALF.
Heterozygous Inactivation of the Na/Ca Exchanger Increases Glucose-Induced Insulin Release, β-Cell Proliferation, and Mass (2011)

Downregulation of the Na/Ca exchanger leads to an increase in β-cell function, proliferation, mass, and resistance to physiologic stress, namely to various changes in β-cell function that are opposite to the major abnormalities seen in type 2 diabetes. This provides a unique model for the prevention and treatment of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and after islet transplantation.
Presence of Salmon Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Compounds with GnRH-Like Activity in the Ovary of Goldfish1 (1998)

The presence of ovarian GnRH and/or compounds with GnRH-like activity was investigated in the goldfish ovary. Goldfish ovary was extracted using an acetone/HCl/ether mixture and was purified by Waters C-18 Sep-Pak columns (ovarian extract). The goldfish ovarian extract was found to 1) stimulate gonadotropin release and subunit messenger RNA production in the goldfish pituitary that was inhibited by a GnRH antagonist; 2) stimulate germinal vesicle breakdown in the prophase-I arrested follicle-enclosed goldfish oocytes in vitro, which was inhibited by a GnRH antagonist; 3) immunoreact with various GnRH antisera; and 4) bind to GnRH receptors in the goldfish pituitary and ovary as well as rat pituitary. Further purification with HPLC revealed the presence of two compounds with GnRH-like activity. One with identical chromatographic characteristics, amino acid composition, and primary structure to that of the salmon GnRH (sGnRH), and the other a novel compound with GnRH-like activity.
Mode of Action, In Vitro Activity, and In Vivo Efficacy of AFN-1252, a Selective Antistaphylococcal FabI Inhibitor (2012)

The mechanism of action of AFN-1252, a selective inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), which is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, was confirmed by using biochemistry, macromolecular synthesis, genetics, and cocrystallization of an AFN-1252-FabI complex. AFN-1252 demonstrated a low propensity for spontaneous resistance development and a time-dependent reduction of the viability of both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, achieving a ≥2-log(10) reduction in S. aureus counts over 24 h, and was extremely potent against clinical isolates of S. aureus (MIC(90), 0.015 μg/ml) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC(90), 0.12 μg/ml), regardless of their drug resistance, hospital- or community-associated origin, or other clinical subgroup. AFN-1252 was orally available in mouse pharmacokinetic studies, and a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg AFN-1252 was efficacious in a mouse model of septicemia, providing 100% protection from an otherwise lethal peritoneal infection of S. aureus Smith. A median effective dose of 0.15 mg/kg indicated that AFN-1252 was 12 to 24 times more potent than linezolid in the model. These studies, demonstrating a selective mode of action, potent in vitro activity, and in vivo efficacy, support the continued investigation of AFN-1252 as a targeted therapeutic for staphylococcal infections.
Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in 416 Patients: An Individualized Approach Evolving Over Time (2021)

Objectives: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the revascularization strategy of choice for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, especially for those with complex lesions and high SYNTAX scores, diabetes mellitus, and those with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Approximately 10 to 20% of patients undergoing CABG require repeat revascularization. The best operational approach remains a challenge, especially regarding the best way for cardioplegia and the revascularization technique used.
The Cutter Incident (2017)

Vaccines have saved more lives than any other single medical advance. Yet today only four companies make vaccines, and there is a growing crisis in vaccine availability. Why has this happened? This remarkable book recounts for the first time a devastating episode in 1955 at Cutter Laboratories in Berkeley, California, thathas led many pharmaceutical companies to abandon vaccine manufacture. Drawing on interviews with public health officials, pharmaceutical company executives, attorneys, Cutter employees, and victims of the vaccine, as well as on previously unavailable archives, Dr. Paul Offit offers a full account of the Cutter disaster. He describes the nation’s relief when the polio vaccine was developed by Jonas Salk in 1955, the production of the vaccine at industrial facilities such as the one operated by Cutter, and the tragedy that occurred when 200,000 people were inadvertently injected with live virulent polio virus: 70,000 became ill, 200 were permanently paralyzed, and 10 died. Dr. Offit also explores how, as a consequence of the tragedy, one jury’s verdict set in motion events that eventually suppressed the production of vaccines already licensed and deterred the development of new vaccines that hold the promise of preventing other fatal diseases.
Enabling jamming-resistant communications in wireless MIMO networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose a practical anti-jamming solution for wireless MIMO networks to enable their legitimate communications in the presence of multiple high-power and broadband radio jamming attacks, and evaluate the proposed solution using real-world implementations in a WiFi network. We first develop a blind jamming mitigation (BJM) algorithm, which can cancel jamming signals from multiple unknown radio jammers and, at the same time, equalize channel to recover the signals from the legitimate sender. Unlike the existing jamming mitigation algorithms, the BJM algorithm does not need any channel information for jamming mitigation and signal recovery. Based on the BJM algorithm, we develop a jamming-resistant receiver (termed JrRx) and a holistic anti-jamming scheme to salvage legitimate communications in the face of jamming attacks. We have built a prototype of JrRx and evaluated its performance in a WiFi network. Experimental results show that, as long as JrRx has more antennas than the jammers, it can successfully decode the signals from the sender, even if the jamming signals are 20 dB stronger than the signals of interest.
Design of an extended TCP for preventing DOS attacks (2003)

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks have become, in today's Internet, one of the most difficult issues to address. In the DoS attacks, the attackers consume all of the computing or communication resources that are needed for providing the services. TCP has drawbacks in its connection establishment for possible DoS attacks. TCP maintains the state of each partly established connection in its fixed size queue until it is fully established and accepted by the application. The attackers can make the queue full by sending connection requests very much and not completing the connection establishment steps for those requests. In this paper, we have designed and implemented an extended TCP for preventing the DoS attacks. In the extended TCP, the state of each partly established connection is not maintained in the queue. We have modified the 3-way handshake procedure of TCP, and implemented the extended TCP in Xinu operating system.
MAOHUZI6/ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE2 Regulate Ethylene Response of Roots and Coleoptiles and Negatively Affect Salt Tolerance in Rice (2015)

Ethylene plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The ethylene signaling pathway has been studied extensively, mainly in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the molecular mechanism of ethylene signaling is largely unknown in rice (Oryza sativa). Previously, we have isolated a set of rice ethylene-response mutants. Here, we characterized the mutant maohuzi6 (mhz6). Through map-based cloning, we found that MHZ6 encodes ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 (OsEIL1), a rice homolog of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), which is the master transcriptional regulator of ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. Disruption of MHZ6/OsEIL1 caused ethylene insensitivity mainly in roots, whereas silencing of the closely related OsEIL2 led to ethylene insensitivity mainly in coleoptiles of etiolated seedlings. This organ-specific functional divergence is different from the functional features of EIN3 and EIL1, both of which mediate the incomplete ethylene responses of Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings. In Arabidopsis, EIN3 and EIL1 play positive roles in plant salt tolerance. In rice, however, lack of MHZ6/OsEIL1 or OsEIL2 functions improves salt tolerance, whereas the overexpressing lines exhibit salt hypersensitivity at the seedling stage, indicating that MHZ6/OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 negatively regulate salt tolerance in rice. Furthermore, this negative regulation by MHZ6/OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 in salt tolerance is likely attributable in part to the direct regulation of HIGH-AFFINITY K(+) TRANSPORTER2;1 expression and Na(+) uptake in roots. Additionally, MHZ6/OsEIL1 overexpression promotes grain size and thousand-grain weight. Together, our study provides insights for the functional diversification of MHZ6/OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 in ethylene response and finds a novel mode of ethylene-regulated salt stress response that could be helpful for engineering salt-tolerant crops.
Fluid Overload and Precision Net Ultrafiltration in Critically Ill Patients (2022)

Among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and fluid overload requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy, use of higher and slower UFNET rates compared with moderate UFNET rates might be associated with poor outcomes. Newer minimally invasive technologies may allow for safe and efficient UFNET in patients with acute kidney injury who do not meet criteria for initiation of KRT.
Application of an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model to the description ofMn+1AXnphases (2012)

We show that some important features characterizing the ${M}_{n}$${}_{+1}$$A{X}_{n}$ phases, a family of hexagonal-structure ternary carbides and nitrides ($X$) including a transition metal ($M$) and an $A$-group element ($A$), can be reproduced by modifying the spin model known as the axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model into a form where pseudospin inversion changes the system energy and requires the inclusion of single- and three-spin products. We describe the various MAX phases in terms of $M$-$A$ or $M$-$X$ bilayer stacking along the $c$ axis. We discuss the dependence of the cohesive energy and phase stability on coupling parameters which characterize the first- and second-neighbor interactions between those bilayers. We also address the case of ``hybrid'' MAX phases.
Orthogonal polarization switchable lasing based on axial polarization pulling of SBS in polarization-maintaining fiber (2018)

The axial polarization pulling, due to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in linear polarization maintaining fibers (PMFs), is proposed, simulated by vectored SBS equations, and demonstrated experimentally. The simulation shows that the SBS pulling is always towards one of principal axes of PMF, depending on the pump light projection of the input state of polarization (SOP) on the polarization vector of PMFs. Based on this principle, an SBS fiber laser with 20 m PMF is configured. Further, we observe that the SOP of lasing light switches between two orthogonal SOPs, as the pump light changes its SOP between two half spheres of the Poincaré sphere. Moreover, the orthogonal polarization switching (OPS) scenarios relating to different powers and SOPs of pump light are studied. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the lasing conditions for the fully polarized OPS state, where only one of the principal polarization modes resonates, as well as the depolarization state, where two principal polarization modes resonate simultaneously.
Do lichens domesticate photobionts like farmers domesticate crops? Evidence from a previously unrecognized lineage of filamentous cyanobacteria (2009)

Phylogenetic diversity of lichen photobionts is low compared to that of fungal counterparts. Most lichen fungi are thought to be associated with just four photobiont genera, among them the cyanobacteria Nostoc and Scytonema, two of the most important nitrogen fixers in humid ecosystems. Although many Nostoc photobionts have been identified using isolated cultures and sequences, the identity of Scytonema photobionts has never been confirmed by culturing or sequencing. We investigated the phylogenetic placement of presumed Scytonema photobionts and unicellular morphotypes previously assigned to Chroococcus, from tropical Dictyonema, Acantholichen, Coccocarpia, and Stereocaulon lichens. While we confirm that filamentous and unicellular photobiont morphotypes belong to a single clade, this clade does not cluster with Scytonema but represents a novel, previously unrecognized, highly diverse, exclusively lichenized lineage, for which the name Rhizonema is available. The phylogenetic structure observed in this novel lineage suggests absence of coevolution with associated mycobionts at the species or clade level. Instead, highly efficient photobiont strains appear to have evolved through photobiont sharing between unrelated, but ecologically similar, coexisting lineages of lichenized fungi ("lichen guilds"), via the selection of particular photobiont strains through and subsequent horizontal transfer among unrelated mycobionts, a phenomenon not unlike crop domestication.
Comparison of cerebral blood flow measurements by xenon computed tomography and dynamic brain scintigraphy in clinically brain dead children. (1986)

Because of the controversy over applying adult clinical and laboratory criteria to children suspected of brain death, xenon computed tomographic cerebral blood flow (XeCTCBF) and near simultaneous scintigraphy were studied in 10 children. Six met the clinical criteria, one of whom had three indeterminate scintigrams with only central flow on XeCTCBF. Another had considerable flow with scintigraphy and XeCTCBF. One with clinical and autopsy brainstem death but preserved cortical function also had flow on both. This preliminary study establishes that brain scintigraphy is occasionally hypersensitive to insufficient cerebral flow and promises more accurate early assessment with XeCTCBF. The expectation is that XeCTCBF can refine the criteria for the earlier establishment of brain death.
Shear transfer actions in reinforced and prestressed concrete beams (2018)

Towards a rational understanding of shear in beams and slabs (PDF) <i>fib</i> Bulletins No. 85. Towards a rational understanding of shear in beams and slabs. Technical report (338 pages, ISBN 978-2-88394-125-0, May 2018) - PDF format
A large-scale microelectromechanical-systems-based silicon photonics LiDAR (2022)

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging sensors allow machines to perceive, map and interact with the surrounding world<sup>1</sup>. The size of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) devices is often limited by mechanical scanners. Focal plane array-based 3D sensors are promising candidates for solid-state LiDARs because they allow electronic scanning without mechanical moving parts. However, their resolutions have been limited to 512 pixels or smaller<sup>2</sup>. In this paper, we report on a 16,384-pixel LiDAR with a wide field of view (FoV, 70° × 70°), a fine addressing resolution (0.6° × 0.6°), a narrow beam divergence (0.050° × 0.049°) and a random-access beam addressing with sub-MHz operation speed. The 128 × 128-element focal plane switch array (FPSA) of grating antennas and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-actuated optical switches are monolithically integrated on a 10 × 11-mm<sup>2</sup> silicon photonic chip, where a 128 × 96 subarray is wire bonded and tested in experiments. 3D imaging with a distance resolution of 1.7 cm is achieved with frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) ranging in monostatic configuration. The FPSA can be mass-produced in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries, which will allow ubiquitous 3D sensors for use in autonomous cars, drones, robots and smartphones.
Low Melt Viscosity Resins for Resin Transfer Molding (2002)

In recent years, resin transfer molding (RTM) has become one of the methods of choice for high performance composites. Its cost effectiveness and ease of fabrication are major advantages of RTM. RTM process usually requires resins with very low melt viscosity (less than 10 Poise). The optimum RTM resins also need to display high thennal-oxidative stability, high glass transition temperature (T(sub g)), and good toughness. The traditional PMR-type polyimides (e.g. PMR-15) do not fit this requirement, because the viscosities are too high and the nadic endcap cures too fast. High T(sub g), low-melt viscosity resins are highly desirable for aerospace applications and NASA s Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program. The objective of this work is to prepare low-melt viscosity polyimide resins for RTM or resin film infusion (RFI) processes. The approach involves the synthesis of phenylethynyl-terminated imide oligomers. These materials have been designed to minimize their melt viscosity so that they can be readily processed. During the cure, the oligomers undergo both chain extension and crosslinking via the thermal polymerization of the phenylethynyl groups. The Phenylethynyl endcap is preferred over the nadic group due to its high curing temperature, which provides broader processing windows. This work involved the synthesis and polymerization of oligomers containing zig-zag backbones and twisted biphenyl structures. Some A-B type precursors which possessed both nitro and anhydride functionality, or both nitro and amine functionality, were also synthesized in order to obtain the well defined oligomers. The resulting zig-zag structured oligomers were then end-capped with 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (PEPA) for further cure. The properties of these novel imide oligomers are evaluated.
LATERAL CAPACITY OF CORRODED PILE BENTS (2001)

This report presents the findings from two separate studies. The first contains results from the main study on the lateral capacity of corroded pile bents. The second relates to a supplemental investigation on the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers for pile repair. A two-year experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of corrosion on the lateral capacity of corroded pile bents. One-third scale models of corroded pile bents were fabricated and tested. Their capacity reduction was assessed in comparison to an identical uncorroded control. Surveys of characteristic corrosion damage in pile bents were carried out to establish the geometry of the pile bent and the location of the damage. Soil restraint was modeled so that it reproduced the axial load and bending moment distribution in the damaged portion of the piles from the point of inflection. Corrosion damage was simulated using a constant current system and stainless steel counter electrodes. The system developed was very successful in achieving targeted metal loss in strands and ties in a predictable time frame and in reproducing damage that was typically observed. Gravimetric testing was carried out to establish actual metal loss in the test specimens. Three different metal loss levels were examined - 10%, 30% and 50%. Lateral capacity was determined under sustained axial loads corresponding to 90 kips per pile in the prototype. A five pile bent was selected for the testing in which the piles were spaced at 6.5 times the pile size and all five piles were corroded. The center of the corroded region was located 0.15 x pile length from the underside of the pile cap. All model bents were heavily instrumented by load cells, shear cells, strain ages, LVDTs, a pressure transducer and string line transducers to assess the performance during testing. An MTS controller and hydraulic actuator was used to apply and measure the lateral load and five hydraulic jacks mounted on a trolley were used to simulate service loads during testing. All data was recorded using an acquisition system. The results indicated that ultimate capacity was not severely compromised by high levels of corrosion. Compared to the controls, the reduction in the lateral load in specimens corroded 10%, 30% and 50% were respectively 1%, 23% and 30%. Failure occurred in the pile cap in the controls and the 10% corroded bents, but in the corroded zones for the 30% and 50% metal loss levels. Analysis of the strain data indicated that the top and bottom ends of the piles, assumed fixed did not exhibit full fixity throughout the tests.