gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Genetic Selection for Milk Yield and Increased Milking Frequency on Plasma Growth Hormone and Prolactin Concentration in Holstein Cows (1986)

Fifty Holstein cattle, either second to fourth generation daughters of cows randomly bred to non-commercial sires originating in the Virginia Tech dairy herd (estimated mean PDM84 = -455 kg, control animals), or daughters of cows bred to commercially available sires (mean PDM84 = +368 kg, selection animals), were randomly assigned to be milked twice or thrice daily starting at parturition. Serial blood samples were collected via jugular cannulae at 30, 90 and 200 d post-partum (DPP) during both the first and second lactations. Blood samples were collected for 3 h prior to and 4 h following thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration, and were analyzed for growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) concentrations. Dry matter intake, body weight and milk yield and fat content were used to calculate net energy balance (NEB) of animals at each DPP sampling period. Mean plasma GH concentrations were greater (P less than .01) in selection vs control animals both before and after TRH administration, and decreased (P less than .01) with advancing lactation (30 greater than 90 greater than 200 DPP). However, NEB was not influenced by genetic merit, implying that observed differences in GH concentrations were not due to that trait. Plasma PRL concentrations were not affected by genetic merit or DPP, but were greater (P less than .01) in the second vs first lactation. Neither PRL or GH concentrations were affected by frequency of milking. The results support the contention that increased plasma GH concentrations are associated with selection for increased milk yield.
Practical Verification of Quantum Properties in Quantum-Approximate-Optimization Runs (2022)

In order to assess whether quantum resources can provide an advantage over classical computation, it is necessary to characterize and benchmark the nonclassical properties of quantum algorithms in a practical manner. In this paper, we show that using measurements in no more than three out of the possible ${3}^{N}$ bases, one can not only reconstruct the single-qubit reduced density matrices and measure the ability to create coherent superpositions, but also possibly verify entanglement across all $N$ qubits participating in the algorithm. We introduce a family of generalized Bell-type observables for which we establish an upper bound to the expectation values in fully separable states by proving a generalization of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, which may serve of independent interest. We demonstrate that a subset of such observables can serve as entanglement witnesses for states of the quantum-approximate-optimization algorithm for the MaxCut problem (QAOA MaxCut), and further argue that they are especially well tailored for this purpose by defining and computing an entanglement potency metric on witnesses. A subset of these observables also certifies, in a weaker sense, the entanglement in GHZ states, which share the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry of QAOA MaxCut. The construction of such witnesses follows directly from the cost Hamiltonian to be optimized, and not through the standard technique of using the projector of the state being certified. It may thus provide insights to construct similar witnesses for other variational algorithms prevalent in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. We demonstrate our ideas with proof-of-concept experiments on the Rigetti Aspen-9 chip for ansatz containing up to 24 qubits.
An Effective Polymer Cross-Linking Strategy To Obtain Stable Dispersions of Upconverting NaYF4 Nanoparticles in Buffers and Biological Growth Media for Biolabeling Applications (2012)

Ligands on the nanoparticle surface provide steric stabilization, resulting in good dispersion stability. However, because of their highly dynamic nature, they can be replaced irreversibly in buffers and biological medium, leading to poor colloidal stability. To overcome this, we report a simple and effective cross-linking methodology to transfer oleate-stabilized upconverting NaYF(4) core/shell nanoparticles (UCNPs) from hydrophobic to aqueous phase, with long-term dispersion stability in buffers and biological medium. Amphiphilic poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) modified with and without poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was used to intercalate with the surface oleates, enabling the transfer of the UCNPs to water. The PMAO units on the phase transferred UCNPs were then successfully cross-linked using bis(hexamethylene)triamine (BHMT). The primary advantage of cross-linking of PMAO by BHMT is that it improves the stability of the UCNPs in water, physiological saline buffers, and biological growth media and in a wide range of pH values when compared to un-cross-linked PMAO. The cross-linked PMAO-BHMT coated UCNPs were found to be stable in water for more than 2 months and in physiological saline buffers for weeks, substantiating the effectiveness of cross-linking in providing high dispersion stability. The PMAO-BHMT cross-linked UCNPs were extensively characterized using various techniques providing supporting evidence for the cross-linking process. These UCNPs were found to be stable in serum supplemented growth medium (37 °C) for more than 2 days. Utilizing this, we demonstrate the uptake of cross-linked UCNPs by LNCaP cells (human prostate cancer cell line), showing their utility as biolabels.
Use of neurovascular imaging in GBM patients (pts) to quantify early physiologic changes after treatment with XL184, an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases: Results from a phase II study (2009)

2048 Background: Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma by targeting VEGF has gained recent attention. Bevacizumab (bev) or cediranib block VEGFR signaling which is detectable within one day by MRI; early changes on MRI may correlate with clinical outcome. XL184 is a potent orally bioavailable inhibitor of MET, RET, KIT, and VEGFR2; MET and VEGFR2 have been shown to play important roles in tumor angiogenesis. In preclinical models, simultaneous inhibition of MET and VEGFR2 with XL184 results in profound regression of tumor vasculature which is qualitatively different from that observed with other antiangiogenic agents. Methods: A multicenter phase II study of XL184 in 46 pts with relapsed or progressive GBM with primary endpoints of 6-month progression free survival and safety is fully enrolled. Vascular neuroimaging including DCE-MRI, CBV/CBF, diffusion, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is performed in these GBM pts treated with XL184. Lesion volumes are also calculated. Assessments are at baseline, 24 hours post first dose, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Results: As of January 1, 2009, 38 pts have undergone imaging. In all 9 pts with imaging available at Day 28, decreases in tumor size were seen on post-Gd T1 (mean drop 51%, SD 31%, p = 0.03 by t-test) and FLAIR (mean drop 53%, SD 20%, p = 0.001) consistent with an anti-vascular/anti-edema effect. In 11 of 14 pts T1 volume decrease was visible on Day 1 (mean drop 20%, SD 12%, p = 0.01), consistent with the rapid changes seen with VEGF inhibition. Two of 3 pts with no Day 1 decrease in enhancing lesion volume were bev-pretreated. Pts treated with other VEGF inhibitors (vandetanib, VEGF-TRAP) responded similarly to naïve pts at Day 1 and 28. Assessment of Ktrans in 5 pts showed a 79% decrease (SD 13%, p = 0.04). MRS from 3 pts showed an increase of the NAA/Choline ratio (10–100%) between the baseline and Day 28 scans, and a decrease in lipid levels (50–100%), suggesting inhibition of tumor progression. Conclusions: Treatment with XL184 results in significant decreases in lesion volume and Ktrans at Day 1 and even greater decreases at Day 28, suggestive of biological activity in GBM. [Table: see text]
Single-Stage Repair of Contaminated Hernias Using a Novel Antibiotic-Impregnated Biologic Porcine Submucosa Tissue Matrix (2019)

Abstract BackgroundSingle-stage repair of incisional hernias in contaminated fields has a high rate of surgical site infection (30-42%) when biologic grafts are used for repair. In an attempt to decrease this risk, a novel graft incorporating gentamicin into a biologic extracellular matrix derived from porcine small intestine submucosa was developed. MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was designed to determine the incidence of surgical site infection following implantation of the device into surgical fields characterized as CDC Class II, III, or IV. ResultsTwenty-four patients were enrolled, with 42% contaminated and 25% dirty surgical fields. After 12 months, 5 patients experienced 6 surgical site infections (21%) with infection involving the graft in 2 patients (8%). No grafts were explanted. ConclusionsThe incorporation of gentamicin into a porcine-derived biologic graft is associated with a lower than expected rate of device infection for patients undergoing single-stage repair of ventral hernia in contaminated settings. Trial RegistrationThe study was registered March 27, 2015 at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02401334.
Relationship between NIR laser power and the human forehead tissue backscattering image features (2018)

A novel markerless near infrared (NIR) laser-based head tracking system was recently proposed to resolve patient's head motion problem during cranial radiotherapy. Although previous research showed that we could track the patient's head position with the sub-millimetre range accuracy, the tracking performance strongly relied on the accuracy of the tissue thickness estimation. We noticed the factors that inuence the ROI features extracted from the backscattering images were the NIR laser power fluctuation and inconsistency. Therefore, the propose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between these parameters and determine a laser power independent feature transformation. We set up our head tracking system to project the pulsed NIR laser beam onto a single point on subject's forehead and observed the changes of the 5-ROI feature values on the different laser power level. The scatter plots between each ROI feature values and the laser power showed distinctive straight lines with similar slopes while applying linear regression to each scatter plot indicated that the slope of each ROI feature was also in the same range. According to the results, we could transform the data by subtracting the feature value of each ROI from their average slope value and the laser power. This new feature is laser power noise tolerance and could be used to enhance the tissue thickness estimation accuracy.
RoboSim: A simulated environment for programming modular robots (2014)

RoboSim, a simulation environment designed to control modular robots with C code which can be used without modification for hardware robot control, is presented within this paper. The increasing presence of computer simulations to initially validate code designed for hardware robots is confirming their benefits as a method to quickly and easily prototype software design. RoboSim is integrated within the Ch programming environment, a C/C++ interpreter that provides the capability to remotely control robots through code, which allows switching between hardware control and virtual robots without modifying said code. Open source software projects Open Dynamics Engine, OpenSceneGraph, and GTK+ are employed to provide the virtual environment and user interface which afford the capability of running on different software platforms. Experiments were conducted which validated the accuracy of the virtual robots through comparison of results to the hardware robots.
A "communication skills for computer scientists" course (2009)

This paper describes "Communication Skills for Computer Scientists," a novel undergraduate course at the University of Toronto. We describe in detail the three major instructional streams of the course: writing, speaking, and interpersonal communications. We present a novel approach to teaching writing, interactive multimedia web technology to teach public speaking, and specific interpersonal skills training as the integral parts of the course. We contribute a detailed description of the curriculum and report measures of success, both quantitative data and reactions from students in their own words.
Premorbid Statin Use Is Associated With Improved Survival and Functional Outcomes in Older Head-Injured Individuals (2011)

Preinjury statin use in older adult traumatic brain injury victims is associated with reduced risk of death and improved functional recovery at 12 months postinjury. Individuals with cardiovascular comorbidities lose this benefit of premorbid statin use. Statins, as possible protective agents in head trauma, warrant further study.
Ab initioinvestigation of the role of charge transfer in the adsorption properties ofH2, N2, O2,CO,NO,CO2, NO2, andCH4on the van der Waals layeredSn3O4semiconductor (2020)

We report an atomistic investigation, based on density functional theory calculations within the D3 van der Waals correction, of the adsorption properties of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}, {\mathrm{N}}_{2}, {\mathrm{O}}_{2}, \mathrm{CO}, \mathrm{NO}, {\mathrm{CO}}_{2}, {\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ on the semiconductor ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(010)$ monolayer surface. Except for ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{NO}$ molecules, the adsorption energies are from $\ensuremath{-}64\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ (${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$) up to $\ensuremath{-}167\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ (${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$) with the molecule-surface distances larger than $3.30\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{\AA{}}$ for all molecules, and hence, minor effects were observed on the ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(010)$ surface electronic structure upon adsorption. ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ has the largest adsorption energy ($\ensuremath{-}525\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$), which can be explained by closer approach of the two $\mathrm{O}$ atoms towards the surface, while $\mathrm{NO}$ binds to the surface with about half of the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ adsorption energy (e.g., $\ensuremath{-}279\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$). From Bader analysis, we found substantial charge transfer from the surface to the molecules, $\ensuremath{-}0.52\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}e$ (${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$) and $\ensuremath{-}0.23\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}e$ ($\mathrm{NO}$), which is consistent with the smaller distances to the surface, 2.46 and $2.82\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{\AA{}}$, respectively. Thus, those results suggest an improved detection performance of ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ towards ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$, which can help to design sensor devices based on the ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}(010)$ monolayers.
Nanoscale optical critical dimension measurement of a contact hole using deep ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry (2012)

Highly sensitive optical metrology techniques based on spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) are required for three dimensional monitoring of line-profiles and critical-dimension (CD) of advanced design-rule devices. In this paper, theoretical and SE-based experimental techniques are used to study elliptical contact holes (CH) in a SiO2 layer. These structures were chosen because measuring their shapes is made difficult by the low optical contrast between air inside the holes and SiO2, as well as the strong coupling between critical shape parameters. Results showed that moving from conventional ultraviolet SE to deep ultraviolet SE (DUVSE) was a key to breaking the correlation between top and bottom CD and obtaining an accurate and physically realistic CH profile. The DUVSE-based CD results were validated using a scanning electron microscope.
The Defense Manufacturing Base: Activity-Based Cost Profiles and Their Implications for Funding Manufacturing Technology. (1994)

Abstract : This report provides an occupation-based cost profile of the manufacturing activities that contribute to defense production. We base our analysis on direct and indirect industry shipments to DoD, the number of workers in each manufacturing occupation, and the median pay by occupation. We cover 91 industries as defined by the 3-digit Standard Industrial Classification system and 287 Bureau of Labor Standards-defined Occupations. Our results reflect the activities of all defense-related manufacturing industries in the domestic economy, including prime contractors, subtier suppliers, and development and production activities ranging from major systems to spare parts. We report occupation cost profiles for all industries combined, for industries grouped on the basis of their degree of defense involvement, and for selected individual industries and industrial sectors.
Protection of gnotobiotic rats against dental caries by passive immunization with bovine milk antibodies to Streptococcus mutans (1987)

A multivalent vaccine consisting of whole cell antigens of seven strains, representing four serotypes (b, c, d and g), of mutans streptococci was used to hyperimmunize a group of cows. Serum samples from these animals contained immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody activity to seven serotypes (a to g) of mutans streptococci. Whey obtained from the animal with the highest serum antibody activity, which also contained high levels of IgG1 antibody, was used in passive caries immunity studies. Gnotobiotic rats monoinfected with Streptococcus mutans MT8148 serotype c or Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176 (d) or 6715 (g) and provided a caries-promoting diet containing immune whey had lower plaque scores, numbers of streptococci in plaque, and degree of caries activity than similarly infected animals given a diet containing control whey obtained from nonimmunized cows. To establish the nature of the protective component(s) present in the immune whey, an ultrafiltrate fraction of the whey was prepared. This preparation contained higher levels of IgG1 anti-S. mutans antibody activity than the immune whey. Rats monoinfected with S. mutans MT8148 and provided with a diet supplemented with 0.1% of this fraction exhibited a degree of caries protection similar to that seen in animals provided a diet containing 100% immune whey. In fact, a diet containing as little as 0.01% of the ultrafiltrate fraction gave some degree of protection against oral S. mutans infection. The active component in the immune whey was the IgG1 anti-S. mutans antibody, since rats monoinfected with S. mutans MT8148 and provided a diet supplemented with purified immune whey IgG1 had significantly reduced plaque scores, numbers of S. mutans in plaque, and caries activity compared with control animals. Prior adsorption of the IgG fraction with killed S. mutans MT8148 whole cells removed antibody activity and abrogated caries protection.
Etiology and long-term outcome of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children (2010)

EHPVO is a rare disorder. The etiological factors are still mostly unknown, and the endoscopic and surgical treatment options ensure a good long-term prognosis.
Structure of the yeast histone H3-ASF1 interaction: implications for chaperone mechanism, species-specific interactions, and epigenetics (2006)

These data clarify how Asf1 regulates histone stoichiometry to modulate epigenetic inheritance. The structure further suggests a physical model in which Asf1 contributes to interpretation of a "histone H3 barcode" for sorting H3 isoforms into different deposition pathways.
Lateral mobility of cytochrome c on intact mitochondrial membranes as determined by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. (1982)

Lateral mobility of an active fluorescent derivative of cytochrome c on the membranes of giant mitochondria was measured by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. A diffusion coefficient of 1.6 X 10(-10) cm2/sec was determined for the labeled cytochrome c on inner mitochondrial membranes under conditions where succinate oxidase activity was demonstrated. This relatively low rate of diffusion, together with results of other investigators, is explained in terms of a model involving a dynamic equilibrium between freely diffusing and associated forms of electron-transfer components.
The Inverse Solution Algorithm and Trajectory Error Analysis of Robotic Arm Based on MQACA-RBF Network (2020)

In order to improve the position accuracy and trajectory accuracy of a 6R robotic arm, a robot arm inverse solution algorithm based on the MQACA- (improved quantum ant colony-) RBF network is proposed. This algorithm establishes the prediction model through the neural network and uses the quantum ant colony algorithm to optimize the output weight. In order to solve the problem that the quantum ant colony algorithm has low convergence precision and easy to fall into the local optimal solution in the inverse solution algorithm of the multifreedom robotic arm, improved measures such as 2-opt local optimization and maximum minimum pheromone limit and variation are adopted. By comparing the simulation results of the 6R robotic arm simulation results and the simulation results based on ACA, QACA, and RBF neural networks on the position and motion trajectory of the space point, the advantages in precision are obvious. This proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.
Nitrogen profile effects on the growth rate of gate oxides grown on nitrogen-implanted silicon (2001)

Nitrogen implantation effect on SiO2/Si interface roughness is analyzed and a new method for growing ultrathin gate oxide is proposed. Interface roughness is improved by nitrogen implantation; the root-mean-square values measured by atomic force microscopy are 2.72–2.79 Å, 1.7–2.12 Å, and 2.12–2.33 Å for 0, 1.0×1014/cm2, and 2.0×1014/cm2 nitrogen implantation, respectively. Initial O2 injection method is composed of O2 injection/N2 anneal/main oxidation, and the control process is composed of N2 anneal/main oxidation. The purpose of O2 injection is to form an extremely thin oxide layer that provides a Si/SiO2 interface at which nitrogen is accumulated during N2 annealing process. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy data show that the initial O2 injection method has a higher peak than that of the control process. The oxidation reduction rates of the control process were: 0.6% (15.4 Å/15.5 Å), 18.2%(26.9 Å/32.9 Å), and 16.4% (34.1 Å/37.4 Å) for the wafers of 1, 10, and 20 min oxidation time, respectively. And the rates of the initial O2 injection method were 7.6% (19.4 Å/21 Å), 25% (23.1 Å/30.8 Å), and 29.5% (28.4 Å/40.3 Å). It is clear evidence that the nitrogen profile can affect oxidation retardation effect as well as the nitrogen dosage. Metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors with gate oxide thickness of 2 nm have been fabricated. Boron penetration prevention ability is intensified by the initial O2 injection process for the same dose of nitrogen implantation. The oxide reliability was investigated using time-zero dielectric breakdown (TZDB) measurement. The initial O2 injection method shows improved TZDB.
Gravity's rainbow (microwave anisotropy and gravitational waves) (1993)

Could COBE DMR be detecting the imprint from a spectrum of gravitational waves generated during inflation? The conventional inflationary prediction had been that the cosmic microwave anisotropy is dominated by energy density fluctuations generated during inflation and that the gravitational waves contribute negligibly. The authors report on recent work that has shown that the conventional wisdom may be wrong; specifically, gravitational waves may dominate the anisotropy in inflationary models where the spectrum of perturbations deviates significantly from scale invariance (e.g., extended and power-law inflation models and extreme versions of chaotic inflation). If gravitational waves do dominate at the large-angular scales measured by COBE DMR, the expectation and interpretation of anisotropies on small-angular scales is profoundly altered.