gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of transport properties. 1. Viscosity of fluids and mixtures (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrediction of transport properties. 1. Viscosity of fluids and mixturesJames F. Ely and H. J. M. HanleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1981, 20, 4, 323–332Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100004a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i100004a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2389Altmetric-Citations363LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Bipolar junction formation in the case of molecular materials (1987)

The standard model of junction formation based on delocalized electronic levels is highly inappropriate in the case of molecular materials that are constituted of individual molecular units subsequently condensed into a material. A model is proposed to describe the electrical characteristics arising at interfaces between p- and n-doped molecular materials. Two antagonistic forces will govern the amount of charge transfer giving rise to the space-charge region (i) the driving force is given by the difference in redox potentials between the electron donor and the electron acceptor (ii) the opposite force is due to ion-ion repulsions between ionized impurities. A numerical calculation permits the estimation of the characteristics of the space-charge region and demonstrates that minute amounts of impurities must be present within the materials; doped insulators, therefore, cannot lead to well-behaved devices.
Sampling complexity of Bosonic random walkers on a one-dimensional lattice (2018)

Computers based quantum logic are believed to solve problems faster and more efficiently than computers based on classical boolean logic. However, a large-scale universal quantum computer with error correction may not be realized in near future. But we can ask the question: can we devise a specific problem that a quantum device can solve faster than current state of the art super computers? One such problem is the so called "Boson Sampling" problem introduced by Aaronson and Arkhipov. The problem is to generate random numbers according to same distribution as the output number configurations of photons in linear optics. It was shown that this is a very hard task for classical computers, but can be realized using quantum devices. However, realizing this in photonic systems is proving to be harder than ever because of various challenges in preparation and measurements. We propose and analyze an alternate platform to implement this problem, ultra-cold atoms trapped in one-dimensional optical lattices.
Probing the catalytic mechanism of a C‐3′‐methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of D‐tetronitrose (2012)

D-Tetronitrose is a nitro-containing tetradeoxysugar found attached to the antitumor and antibacterial agent tetrocarcin A. The biosynthesis of this highly unusual sugar in Micromonospora chalcea requires 10 enzymes. The fifth step in the pathway involves the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the C-3' carbon of dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-4-keto-D-glucose. The enzyme responsible for this transformation is referred to as TcaB9. It is a monomeric enzyme with a molecular architecture based around three domains. The N-terminal motif contains a binding site for a structural zinc ion. The middle- and C-terminal domains serve to anchor the SAM and dTDP-sugar ligands, respectively, to the protein, and the active site of TcaB9 is wedged between these two regions. For this investigation, the roles of Tyr 76, His 181, Tyr 222, Glu 224, and His 225, which form the active site of TcaB9, were probed by site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic analyses, and X-ray structural studies. In addition, two ternary complexes of the enzyme with bound S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and either dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-4-keto-D-glucose or dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-D-galactose were determined to 1.5 or 1.6 Å resolution, respectively. Taken together, these investigations highlight the important role of His 225 in methyl transfer. In addition, the structural data suggest that the methylation reaction occurs via retention of configuration about the C-3' carbon of the sugar.
Limited efficacy of specific HDAC6 inhibition in urothelial cancer cells (2014)

Epigenetic modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) have come into focus as novel drug targets for cancer therapy due to their functional role in tumor progression. Since common pan-HDAC inhibitors have adverse side effects and minor anti-cancer activity against solid tumors, enzyme-specific inhibitors were developed. HDAC6 is especially well-suited for specific inhibition due to its unique domain structure and mode of action and has been suggested to provide an exceptionally suitable target for cancer therapy. However, expression and function of HDACs have been insufficiently studied in urothelial cancers (UC), a disease urgently requiring new therapeutic approaches. The present study sought to evaluate HDAC6 as a target for treatment of urothelial cancers with enzyme-specific inhibitors. We observed moderate HDAC6 overexpression in urothelial cancer tissues and a broad range of expression in urothelial cancer cell lines. In the cell lines Tubacin was the most potent inhibitor, compared with Tubastatin and ST-80, but still active only at high micromolar concentrations. HDAC6 expression levels correlated poorly with sensitivity to enzyme inhibition. Combined treatments with heat shock, HSP90 inhibition by 17-AAG, proteasome inhibition by bortezomib, or DNA-damaging agents did not result in significant synergistic effects. Experiments with siRNA-mediated knockdown further underlined that urothelial cancer cells do not critically depend on HDAC6 expression for survival.
Analysis of Wet Powder Characteristics using Fundamental Numerical Model of Pressure Transmission (2012)

In this study, compression test was applied to evaluate rheological characteristics of wet powder. Various quantities of moistened lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose were compressed in a cylinder. Relationships between compression transmission rate pT / P and dimensionless sample height H / D under various compression pressures P were fitted to a theoretical pressure transmission equation of pT / P ＝exp (-4μKH / D）. As a result, high correlations were obtained between them, indicating that pressure transmission of wet powder behaved as the ideal condition. The stress applied to the cylinder inner wall during the compression test was measured using strain gauges attached to the cylinder wall and friction coefficient of the wall surface μ and Rankine coefficient K were calculated. Consequently, the behaviors of μ and K under various compression pressures, liquid contents and liquid viscosities were investigated. From these results, it was suggested that the method proposed in this study could estimate a state of the wet powder under pressure.
MicroRNA‐661 modulates redox and metabolic homeostasis in colon cancer (2017)

Cancer cell survival and metastasis are dependent on metabolic reprogramming that is capable of increasing resistance to oxidative and energetic stress. Targeting these two processes can be crucial for cancer progression. Herein, we describe the role of microRNA-661 (miR661) as epigenetic regulator of colon cancer (CC) cell metabolism. MicroR661 induces a global increase in reactive oxygen species, specifically in mitochondrial superoxide anions, which appears to be mediated by decreased carbohydrate metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway, and by a higher dependency on mitochondrial respiration. MicroR661 overexpression in non-metastatic human CC cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, and a reduced tolerance to metabolic stress. This seems to be a general effect of miR661 in CC, since metastatic CC cell metabolism is also compromised upon miR661 overexpression. We propose hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase M2 as two key players related to the observed metabolic reprogramming. Finally, the clinical relevance of miR661 expression levels in stage-II and III CC patients is discussed. In conclusion, we propose miR661 as a potential modulator of redox and metabolic homeostasis in CC.
Measurement and simulation of conductive dielectric two-layer materials with a multiple electrodes sensor (2008)

Impedance spectroscopy has been shown to provide a great potential as a measuring technique for monitoring human blood glucose. The two major potential benefits are the ability to perform non-invasive and continuous measurements. Previous work has outlined the range of challenges of such an impedance based technique. Our impedance sensor is composed of several capacitive fringing field electrodes with various characteristic geometries to achieve the desired penetration depths in human skin and the underlying tissue. A comparison of the measurements made on reference materials of known dielectric properties with the results of electromagnetic field simulations allows sensor characterization to be achieved and provides the ability to optimize the sensor geometry. Such comparisons reveal that the measurements and simulations are in qualitative agreement with the expected impedance behavior, i.e. there is a larger sensitivity to changes in the dielectric properties of the deeper layer for electrodes with a deeper penetration of the electromagnetic field (EMF). Another conclusion is that, despite the approximations made in the simulation process, the measured and simulated quantities agree. This opens the possibility to use simulations to define the functional relation between the measured impedances and the layers dielectric parameters in order to correlate impedance changes with glucose concentration changes.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC IMIDES PART 9, DISPLACEMENT OF HALIDE FROM N‐SUBSTITUTED 3‐HALOPHTHALIMIDES BY METHOXIDE ION (1973)

Abstract Aus den Phthalimiden (Ia) und (Ib) erhält man mit Methylat das Substitutionsprodukt (II).
Meta-Learning of Structured Task Distributions in Humans and Machines (2020)

In recent years, meta-learning, in which a model is trained on a family of tasks (i.e. a task distribution), has emerged as an approach to training neural networks to perform tasks that were previously assumed to require structured representations, making strides toward closing the gap between humans and machines. However, we argue that evaluating meta-learning remains a challenge, and can miss whether meta-learning actually uses the structure embedded within the tasks. These meta-learners might therefore still be significantly different from humans learners. To demonstrate this difference, we first define a new meta-reinforcement learning task in which a structured task distribution is generated using a compositional grammar. We then introduce a novel approach to constructing a "null task distribution" with the same statistical complexity as this structured task distribution but without the explicit rule-based structure used to generate the structured task. We train a standard meta-learning agent, a recurrent network trained with model-free reinforcement learning, and compare it with human performance across the two task distributions. We find a double dissociation in which humans do better in the structured task distribution whereas agents do better in the null task distribution -- despite comparable statistical complexity. This work highlights that multiple strategies can achieve reasonable meta-test performance, and that careful construction of control task distributions is a valuable way to understand which strategies meta-learners acquire, and how they might differ from humans.
Polycystic Pancreas Disease Associated with Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2013)

Introduction: Polycystic pancreas disease (PPD) is a rare disease usually associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and polycystic liver disease (PLD). It is even rarer when isolated. These cysts are histologically reported as simple epithelial cysts. Although pancreatic cystic neoplasm has been found associated with PKD, this is usually with isolated cysts. The malignant potential of PPD is unknown, but a prior case report described PKD in association with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Case 1: An 18-year-old female with a history of autosomal recessive PKD associated with PLD and PPD was seen for chronic abdominal pain and episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis. CT scan of the abdomen demonstrated complete replacement of the pancreatic parenchyma by multiple cysts, up to 76 mm in greatest diameter, which appeared larger in size compared with prior images. After failed medical therapy, EUS FNA of the largest cysts was attempted to reduce the pain. Cyst fluid cytology was negative, and Tru-Cut biopsies of the cyst walls showed bland cuboidal epithelium. Fluid CEA levels of multiple cysts ranged from 30 to 4480 ng/mL. She eventually underwent total pancreatectomy for pain control. Tissue histology demonstrated simple cuboidal epithelial cells lining the cysts with multiple areas of mucinous metaplasia. Several areas of low grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN1) were identified in branch ducts within adjacent pancreatic parenchyma. Case 2: A 60-year-old female was seen for serial findings on CT scans of the abdomen demonstrating progressive multiple tiny cysts scattered throughout the pancreas. She did not have PKD or PLD. EUS FNA was negative for mucin or abnormal cytology, and showed cyst fluid CEA levels less than 20. Imaging characteristics were indeterminate for malignancy. She underwent distal pancreatectomy because of the clinical concern for branch duct IPMN, with plan for surveillance of the pancreatic head. Tissue histology demonstrated single layers of simple benign epithelial cells lining cysts. Some areas of mucinous metaplasia were also present in the cysts. Many PanIN1 lesions were identified within branch ducts in adjacent pancreas. Discussion: PPD may occur in isolation, or in association with PKD and PLD. The pancreatic cysts of PPD are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. Both of these cases also showed mucinous metaplasia in the epithelial lining of the cyst which histologically mimics PanIN1A, as well as PanIN1 lesions in adjacent pancreas branch ducts. This suggests a possible association between PPD and both IPMN and PanIN.
Recognition and management of food allergy in children (2019)

Incidence of food allergy has been increasing and is more commonly seen in children. Allergic reactions can vary, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. This article aims to explore the immunological mechanisms involved in food allergy, as well as distinguishing between immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated and non-IgE-mediated reactions. Careful diagnosis of the allergic child is essential and the article describes validated tests carried out in this process. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach to the management of children with allergies is vital because it ensures patients and carers are supported, empowered and therefore able to enjoy an improved quality of life.
Frictional chatter in orthogonal metal cutting (2001)

A comprehensive study of the frictional chatter occurring during metal–cutting process is given. A general mathematical model of the machine–tool–cutting process is established, and then a high–accuracy numerical algorithm is developed. Next, a two–degree–of–freedom model of orthogonal metal cutting is examined. Then stochastic properties of the material being cut are introduced to reflect variations in the workpiece properties, in particular, in the cutting resistance. Nonlinear dynamics techniques, such as constructing bifurcation diagrams and Poincare maps, are employed to ascertain dynamics responses for both the deterministic and the stochastic model. Untypical routes to chaos and unusual topology of Poincare cross–sections are observed. The conducted analysis has provided some practical design recommendations. Finally, occurrence of chatter was investigated analytically.
Automatic Integrated Circuit Die Positioning in the Scanning Electron Microscope (2002)

In scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based integrated circuit (IC) failure analysis, there is often a need for manual location of a prespecified failure site in several ICs. Such a procedure is both tedious and time consuming. This paper presents a new vision-based die positioning system that can automatically locate a specified failure site without the need for a high-accuracy specimen stage. Depending on the appearance of the desired failure site, the system applies either image registration or feature tracking to locate the site. Experiments performed on a variety of IC samples show that the system is able to locate the failure site accurately, even in the presence of unfavorable conditions such as IC sample rotation and repetitive IC patterns.
FULL-SCALE TOWED RESISTANCE TRIALS OF THE USCGC MOBILE BAY IN UNIFORM LEVEL ICE (1987)

In February of 1986 an extensive series of ice trials was carried out on the USCGC MOBILE BAY in Green Bay. These trials included the first towed resistance tests of an icebreaker ever performed, and marked a new level in the prediction of icebreaker resistance and propulsive performance. The background section of this paper reviews the historical development of techniques for evaluating the resistance and propulsion of icebreakers. It provides parallels to open-water predictions, comparing the current trials with those of GREYHOUND and LUCY ASHTON. The description of trials includes discussions related to the selection of vessels and locations, as well as preparation of test and monitoring instrumentation. The primary emphasis is on the procedures employed to tow MOBILE BAY by a 5-cm (2 in.) steel towline from the USCGC MACKINAW through unbroken level ice. Results are provided for all towed and self- propulsion tests. This section also includes a discussion of the quality of the data collected. During the trials, 17 towed resistance tests and 31 self-propulsion tests were performed. The analysis section of the paper provides insight into the problems associated with predictions of icebreaker performance. This unprecedented dataset has allowed rigorous examination of such critical propulsion parameters as thrust deductions, effective wake, and relative rotative efficiency with some surprising results. Analysis of the resistance data alone is reported, covering the efficacy of nondimensional analysis techniques and existing empirical resistance prediction forms. The data are compared with model test results at various scales and using various ice modeling materials to provide a definitive evaluation of the accuracy of ice model tests. The conclusions and recommendations from the parent study are summarized, with special emphasis on guidance for designers of iceworthy ships.
Reconstruction of the right atrium using an extracellular matrix patch in a patient with severe mediastinal aspergillosis (2012)

We describe the methods used for repair using a novel patch in this rare case of invasive aspergillosis extending into the right atrium and resulting in compromise of diastolic right ventricular ﬁlling.
Rapid Development of NLP Modules with Memory-based Learning (1998)

The need for software modules performing natural language processing (NLP) tasks is growing. These modules should perform efficiently and accurately, while at the same time rapid development is often mandatory. Recent work has indicated that machine learning techniques in general, and memory-based learning (MBL) in particular, offer the tools to meet both ends. We present examples of modules trained with MBL on three NLP tasks: (i) text-to-speech conversion, (ii) part-of-speech tagging, and (iii) phrase chunking. We demonstrate that the three modules display high generalization accuracy, and argue why MBL is applicable similarly well to a large class of other NLP tasks. 1. INTRODUCTION The task of language technology is to develop efficient, highaccuracy software modules that perform NLP tasks or subtasks. The increasing market pull for NLP applications in human-computer interaction intensifies the need for solving the knowledge acquisition bottleneck problem identified with many NLP ...
Secure Water Supply (2004)

Previous to 9-11, it was assumed that a combination of small-scale bench testing plus dimensional analysis would be sufficient to model fate and transport of chemical and biological (CB) contaminants in water systems. Water security is a life safety issue. Water supply systems on military installations and forward facilities are vulnerable to both conventional, industrial and military CB agent contamination by terrorists. The pre 9-11 generation of sensors could not directly detect many common CB agents, and the few sensors that could were very expensive. The pre 9-11 generation of water distribution simulations cannot correctly model CB agent uptake on the pipe walls of a distribution system. Therefore the outcome of an attack via CB agents in the water supply is not well understood. In the post 9-11 environment, the EPA, ECBC, and ERDC stakeholders concluded that the pre-existing fate and transport models should be updated to include results from meso-scale testing. The Water Security Research Test Loop (WSRTL) is designed to help update these models with meso-scale testing of fate and transport of CB agents. The WSRTL would also serve as a test-bed to facilitate new generations of sensor technology and water treatment technology. This research is responsive to several DOD initiatives including: 1. CINC’s and services are required by DoDD 2000.12 and DoDI 2000.16 standard 26, to conduct a higher headquarters vulnerability assessment of their installations AT programs every three years. 2. The updated dynamic simulation tools can be used to support the Joint AntiTerrorism Guide (JAT Guide) 3. The Joint Future Operational Capability (JFOC) for fixed facility collective protection.
Aharonov-Bohm Superperiod in a Laughlin Quasiparticle Interferometer (2005)

We report an Aharonov-Bohm superperiod of five magnetic flux quanta (5h/e) observed in a Laughlin quasiparticle interferometer, where an edge channel of the 1/3 fractional quantum Hall fluid encircles an island of the 2/5 fluid. This result does not violate the gauge invariance argument of the Byers-Yang theorem because the magnetic flux, in addition to affecting the Aharonov-Bohm phase of the encircling 1/3 quasiparticles, creates the 2/5 quasiparticles in the island. The superperiod is accordingly understood as imposed by the anyonic statistical interaction of Laughlin quasiparticles.