gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short pressure reactivity index versus long pressure reactivity index in the management of traumatic brain injury (2014)

The PRx is superior to the L-PRx for TBI outcome prediction. Individual CPPopt for L-PRx and PRx are not statistically different. Deviations between CPP and CPPopt for PRx are relevant for outcome prediction; those between CPP and CPPopt for L-PRx are not. The PRx uses the entire B-wave spectrum for index calculation, whereas the L-PRX covers only one-third of it. This may explain the performance discrepancy.
Simulación y modelización de las escaleras mecánicas como vía para la mejora del confort de los pasajeros y la disminución de costes (2008)

La escalera mecánica lleva más de un siglo entre nosotros, sin apenas variar su diseño de forma notoria. La simulación mecánica de este sistema multicuerpo, asignatura pendiente en la actualidad, ahorrará tiempo y dinero frente a los experimentos tradicionales. En esta línea, CITEF está desarrollando una serie herramientas de mejora del diseño basadas en modelos estáticos, cinemáticos y dinámicos para la simulación del comportamiento de la escalera mecánica convencional así como para el desarrollo y análisis de nuevos diseños. Estas herramientas permitirán el estudio de variables como son la velocidad y la aceleración del peldaño, así como los valores de tensión de la cadena y de reacción de los rodillos. Con los resultados obtenidos se podrán inferir mejoras que supongan una disminución del coste del conjunto de la escalera y del coste de mantenimiento, así como un aumento del confort del usuario.
Evaporated resist for the fabrication and replication of LEEPL mask (2004)

Masks for low energy electron proximity projection lithography (LEEPL) require thin membranes, which in turn make the development of low-distortion masks a critical issue for this technology. By using an evaporated resist, a flip side fabrication process is presented here in which mask patterning is carried out with the mask in the same orientation that it will have in the stepper. This new process reduces distortions of a typical LEEPL mask which usually requires patterning on the opposite side of the membrane causing a gravitational sag effects. In addition, an evaporated resist has significant advantages for mask fabrication as membrane distortion is reduced due to the absence of centrifugal force during the resist deposition process. Uniform heat distribution across the membrane during the etching process is also expected since the membrane can now be placed in direct contact with a cooled metal electrode, thereby improving the etch rate uniformity. Also, for large scale production, several mask replicates from the original mask must be made because they have limited lifetime when used in a stepper. Image placement distortion can be minimized and the yield can be improved in mask replication by using an evaporated resist.
Room-temperature electric-field controlled spin dynamics in (110) InAs quantum wells (2005)

We report the demonstration of room temperature gate control over the electron spin dynamics using the Rashba effect in a (110) InAs∕AlSb two-dimensional electron gas. Our calculations predict that the strong spin–orbit interaction in this system produces pseudomagnetic fields exceeding 1 T when only 140 mV is applied across a single quantum well. Using this large pseudomagnetic field, we demonstrate low-power spin manipulation on a picosecond time scale. Our findings are promising for the prospect of nonmagnetic low-power, high-speed spintronics.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroalkyl α,β‐Unsaturated Imines. Valuable Synthetic Intermediates from Primary Fluorinated Enamine Phosphonates. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistics of Random Media (1965)

We define random media as certain stochastic processes and consider briefly the question of whether a consistent subfamily of distribution functions can be extended to obtain a stochastic process characterizing a random medium. We define and discuss the “statistical geometry” of “two-phase” random media and “symmetric” random media. We also review certain aspects of random subdivisions of space into crystals, radiation scattering from particulate assemblies such as random packings of rigid spheres and percolation processes in random crystals and random networks.
INVERSION OF POST‐STACK SEISMIC DATA USING SIMULATED ANNEALING1 (1991)

A bstract Model‐based inversion of seismic reflection data is a global optimization problem when prior information is sparse. We investigate the use of an efficient, global, stochastic optimization method, that of simulated annealing, for determining the two‐way traveltimes and the reflection coefficients. We exploit the advantage of an ensemble approach to the inversion of full‐scale target zones on 2D seismic sections. In our ensemble approach, several copies of the model‐algorithm system are run in parallel. In this way, estimation of true ensemble statistics for the process is made possible, and improved annealing schedules can be produced. It is shown that the method can produce reliable results efficiently in the 2D case, even when prior information is sparse.
Variability in Private Payer Medical Policies for Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation Demonstrates the Absence of Standardization in Medical Criteria Between Payers (2022)

This study informs clinicians of the current state of coverage for OCA transplantation, providing insights into the variability of payer policies and potential impact.
RNA fingerprinting using arbitrarily primed PCR identifies differentially regulated RNAs in mink lung (Mv1Lu) cells growth arrested by transforming growth factor beta 1. (1993)

RNA fingerprinting using arbitrarily primed PCR (RAP) samples an RNA population and allows the detection of differentially expressed genes between two or more populations. This method was applied to mink lung epithelial cells, which respond to treatment with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) by undergoing cell cycle arrest at or near the G1/S-phase boundary. The steady-state abundances of approximately 200 RNAs were surveyed, a few of which displayed differential regulation in response to TGF-beta 1. Three products were isolated, cloned, and sequenced. One differentially regulated RNA corresponded to cyclin A, a gene known to be required for the progression of mammalian fibroblasts through S phase. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the cyclin A mRNA steady-state abundance decreased dramatically in response to a 24-hr TGF-beta 1 treatment and also in response to cell cycle arrest caused by contact inhibition. A second RAP product corresponded to a previously unknown 7.5-kb mRNA, the level of which decreased dramatically in response to TGF-beta 1 treatment. Unlike the cyclin A mRNA, the abundance of this transcript did not decrease in response to growth arrest induced by contact inhibition. A third RAP product corresponded to the mRNA for osteonectin, an extracellular matrix protein. The abundance of this mRNA increased at least 2-fold during TGF-beta 1 treatment. This observation is consistent with other reports of increases in extracellular matrix proteins during TGF-beta treatment. RAP should be able to identify many of the genes that change in steady-state expression during the cell cycle.
Raman study on defective graphene: Effect of the excitation energy, type, and amount of defects (2013)

We present a detailed Raman study of defective graphene samples containing specific types of defects. In particular, we compared ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ sites, vacancies, and substitutional Boron atoms. We find that the ratio between the $D$ and $G$ peak intensities, $I$($D$)/$I$($G$), does not depend on the geometry of the defect (within the Raman spectrometer resolution). In contrast, in the limit of low defect concentration, the ratio between the ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and $G$ peak intensities is higher for vacancies than ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ sites. By using the local activation model, we attribute this difference to the term $C$${}_{S,x}$, representing the Raman cross section of $I$($x$)/$I$($G$) associated with the distortion of the crystal lattice after defect introduction per unit of damaged area, where $x$ $=$ $D$ or ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. We observed that ${C}_{S,D}=0$ for all the defects analyzed, while ${C}_{S,{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ of vacancies is 2.5 times larger than ${C}_{S,{D}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ of ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ sites. This makes $I$($D$)/$I$(${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) strongly sensitive to the nature of the defect. We also show that the exact dependence of $I$($D$)/$I$(${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) on the excitation energy may be affected by the nature of the defect. These results can be used to obtain further insights into the Raman scattering process (in particular for the ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ peak) in order to improve our understanding and modeling of defects in graphene.
Onset of the Magnetic Explosion in Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (2001)

We present observations of the magnetic field configuration and its transformation in six solar eruptive events that show good agreement with the standard bipolar model for eruptive flares. The observations are X-ray images from the Yohkoh soft X-ray telescope (SXT) and magnetograms from Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory, interpreted together with the 1-8 Å X-ray flux observed by GOES. The observations yield the following interpretation. (1) Each event is a magnetic explosion that occurs in an initially closed single bipole in which the core field is sheared and twisted in the shape of a sigmoid, having an oppositely curved elbow on each end. The arms of the opposite elbows are sheared past each other so that they overlap and are crossed low above the neutral line in the middle of the bipole. The elbows and arms seen in the SXT images are illuminated strands of the sigmoidal core field, which is a continuum of sheared/twisted field that fills these strands as well as the space between and around them. (2) Although four of the explosions are ejective (appearing to blow open the bipole) and two are confined (appearing to be arrested within the closed bipole), all six begin the same way. In the SXT images, the explosion begins with brightening and expansion of the two elbows together with the appearance of short bright sheared loops low over the neutral line under the crossed arms and, rising up from the crossed arms, long strands connecting the far ends of the elbows. (3) All six events are single-bipole events in that during the onset and early development of the explosion they show no evidence for reconnection between the exploding bipole and any surrounding magnetic fields. We conclude that in each of our events the magnetic explosion was unleashed by runaway tether-cutting via implosive/explosive reconnection in the middle of the sigmoid, as in the standard model. The similarity of the onsets of the two confined explosions to the onsets of the four ejective explosions and their agreement with the model indicate that runaway reconnection inside a sheared core field can begin whether or not a separate system of overlying fields, or the structure of the bipole itself, allows the explosion to be ejective. Because this internal reconnection apparently begins at the very start of the sigmoid eruption and grows in step with the explosion, we infer that this reconnection is essential for the onset and growth of the magnetic explosion in eruptive flares and coronal mass ejections.
Changes in membrane dynamics associated with myogenic cell fusion (1978)

Abstract Changes in membrane dynamic properties associated with membrane fusion are studied employing in vitro myoblast fusion as a model system. We utilize a microscopic fluorescence relaxation approach which makes feasible the study of local variations in membrane dynamics within surface subdomains of single intact cells. Studies of the average rotational mobility of the fluorescent probe‐1‐anilino‐naphthalene‐8‐sulfonate by this technique indicate that myoblast fusion activity is preceded by a generalized increased in membrane fluidity and that areas of cell contact between fusing cells exhibit higher fluidity and polarity, locally, than non‐fusion regions.
NMDA Receptor Activation and Calpain Contribute to Disruption of Dendritic Spines by the Stress Neuropeptide CRH (2013)

The complex effects of stress on learning and memory are mediated, in part, by stress-induced changes in the composition and structure of excitatory synapses. In the hippocampus, the effects of stress involve several factors including glucocorticoids and the stress-released neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which influence the integrity of dendritic spines and the structure and function of the excitatory synapses they carry. CRH, at nanomolar, presumed-stress levels, rapidly abolishes short-term synaptic plasticity and destroys dendritic spines, yet the mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that glutamate receptor-mediated processes, which shape synaptic structure and function, are engaged by CRH and contribute to spine destabilization. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, CRH application reduced dendritic spine density in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and this action depended on the CRH receptor type 1. CRH-mediated spine loss required network activity and the activation of NMDA, but not of AMPA receptors; indeed GluR1-containing dendritic spines were resistant to CRH. Downstream of NMDA receptors, the calcium-dependent enzyme, calpain, was recruited, resulting in the breakdown of spine actin-interacting proteins including spectrin. Pharmacological approaches demonstrated that calpain recruitment contributed critically to CRH-induced spine loss. In conclusion, the stress hormone CRH co-opts mechanisms that contribute to the plasticity and integrity of excitatory synapses, leading to selective loss of dendritic spines. This spine loss might function as an adaptive mechanism preventing the consequences of adverse memories associated with severe stress.
Inhibitory Concentration (IC) (2016)

Biomolecular screening is now a crucial component of the drug discovery process, and this glossary will be of use to practitioners in the field of screening and to those who interact with the screening community. The glossary contains definitions related to various aspects of the screening process such as assay types, data handling, and relevant technologies. Many of the terms used in this discipline are not covered by existing glossaries, and where they are, the definitions are often not appropriate for this field. Where appropriate, this document provides new or modified definitions to better reflect the new context. The field of biomolecular screening is multidisciplinary in nature, and this glossary, containing authoritative definitions, will be useful not only for regular practitioners, but also for those who make use of data generated during the screening process.
The critical regulator of embryonic hematopoiesis, SCL, is vital in the adult for megakaryopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and lineage choice in CFU-S 12 (2003)

Gene targeting studies have shown that the transcription factor SCL is critically important for embryonic hematopoiesis, but the early lethality of SCL null mice has precluded the genetic analysis of its function in the adult. We have now generated a conditional knockout of SCL by using CreLox technology and an IFN-inducible Cre transgenic mouse. Deletion of SCL in adult mice perturbed megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis with the loss of early progenitor cells in both lineages. This led to a blunted response to the hematopoietic stress induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, with a persistently low platelet count and hematocrit compared with controls. In contrast, progenitors of granulocyte and macrophage lineages were not affected, even in the setting of stress. Immature progenitor cells (day 12 colony-forming unit spleen) with multilineage capacity were still present in the SCL null bone marrow, but these progenitors had lost the capacity to generate erythroid and megakaryocyte cells, and colonies were composed of only myeloid cells. These results suggest that SCL is critical for megakaryopoiesis and erythropoiesis, but is dispensable for production of myeloid cells during adult hematopoiesis.
Improving clinical management of colon cancer through CONNECTION, a nation-wide colon cancer registry and stratification effort (CONNECTION II trial): rationale and protocol of a single arm intervention study (2020)

This study has been registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL8177) at 11-26-2019, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8177 . The study has been approved by the medical ethics committee Utrecht (MEC18/712).
Relationships between olfactory discrimination and head injury severity (2003)

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between brain injury severity and scores on both an olfactory identification test and on many widely used neuropsychological tests in 367 patients with head injuries of varying levels of severity. It was hypothesized that valid olfactory test scores would correlate highly with injury severity because both the olfactory nerves and the primary olfactory cortices are especially vulnerable to damage in closed head injury. After removing data of doubtful validity from cases failing effort tests, olfactory test scores were related to Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCS), post-traumatic amnesia and radiological abnormalities more strongly than any of the neuropsychological test scores. Based on the assumption that post-traumatic amnesia is caused by a different mechanism than loss of core consciousness, it was also predicted that there would be no cases with a GCS less than 13 and with no post-traumatic amnesia. As predicted, there were no cases in this group. The results support previous studies showing greater olfactory impairment with increased severity of head injury.
Molecular Aggregation Structure and Surface Properties of Poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate) Thin Films (2005)

The effects of side chain length on the molecular aggregation states and surface properties of poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate) [PFA-Cy, where y is the fluoromethylene number of the Rf groups] thin films were systematically investigated. Spin-coated PFA-Cy thin films were characterized by static and dynamic contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The receding contact angles showed small values for PFA-Cy with short side chain (y ≤ 6) and increased for ones with y ≥ 8. It has been revealed that PFA-Cy with y ≥ 8 was crystallized and formed ordered structures. These results suggest that the water-repellent mechanism of PFA-Cy can be attributed to the presence of highly ordered fluoroalkyl chains at the outermost surfaces. The results of XPS in the dried and hydrated states and the contact angle measurement in water indicate that the contact angle for water is lowered by exposure of the carbonyl groups to the water interface through reorientation of short fluoroalkyl chains.
A Multi-layered Modeling Architecture for Virtual Design (2008)

The design process of new products is time consuming, requires the collaboration and synchronization of activities performed by various experts having different competences and roles, and is performed using different tools and different product representations, which make the process inefficient. In order to improve the performances of the overall product design process, it would be beneficial the availability of computer-aided tools supporting conceptual design and analysis activities within an integrated environment based on a multi-disciplinary model paradigm. The paper presents an environment named PUODARSI that integrates tools for shape modeling with tools for structural and fluid-dynamics analysis. The integration is based on shared data models so that modeling and analysis activities can be performed consistently and in a close loop.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphoranes with a Chiral Centre Containing the 1,2‐Oxaphosphetane Ring System. (1977)

Abstract Aus der Umsetzung des Ketons (I) mit dem Diphosphin (II) geht ein Gemisch aus dem Oxaphosphetan (III) einerseits und den beiden weiteren Heterocyclen (IV) und (V) andererseits hervor.
Fantasia e realtà: l'Internet delle cose serve? (2017)

Vengono esaminate le problematiche relative alla sicurezza dei dati in sistemi sempre più interconnessi.
Self-assembled echinus-like nanostructures of mesoporous CoO nanorod@CNT for lithium-ion batteries (2011)

Development of an electrode material with high capacity and good cyclability at a high charge and discharge rate, has become an important issue for present battery technology. Most electrode materials exhibit reduced capacity and larger capacity fading at high rates. We report a self-assembled echinus-like nanostructure consisting of mesoporous CoO nanorod@carbon nanotube core–shell materials in this work, which exhibits high capacities and excellent cycling performances at various high and low current rates, when used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. In particular, this core–shell nanostructure shows high capacities (703–746 mAh g−1 in 200 cycles) and a long cycle life (0.029% capacity loss per cycle) at a high current rate (3580 mA g−1). The excellent electrochemical energy storage should be attributed to the increased electrical conductivity, mechanical stability and electrochemical activity of porous CoO materials in the presence of a carbon nanotube overlayer.
Regulatory and Accessory HIV-1 Proteins: Potential Targets for HIV-1 Vaccines? (2005)

The HIV-1 regulatory proteins Tat and Rev and the accessory proteins Vpr, Vpu and Vif are essential for efficient viral replication, and their cytoplasmic production suggests that they should be processed for recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, only limited data is available, evaluating the role of immune responses directed against these proteins in natural HIV-1 infection. Recent advances in the methods used for the characterization of HIV-1-specific cellular immune responses, including quantification of antigen-specific IFN-gamma production by ELISpot assay and flow-cytometry-based intracellular cytokine quantification, have allowed for a much more comprehensive assessment of virus-specific immune responses. Emerging data show that the regulatory and accessory proteins serve as important targets for HIV-1-specific T cell responses, and multiple CTL epitopes have been identified in functionally important regions of these proteins. Moreover, the use of autologous peptides have allowed for the detection of significantly stronger HIV-1-specific T cell responses in the more variable regulatory and accessory HIV-1 proteins Tat and Vpr. These data indicate that despite the small size of these proteins, regulatory and accessory proteins are targeted by cellular immune responses in natural HIV-1 infection and contribute importantly to the total HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell response. A multi-component vaccine, with the inclusion of these proteins plus structural proteins remains the most promising choice for an effective AIDS vaccine.