gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen on tensile properties of duplex stainless steel weld metal (1994)

Summary Type 329J1 duplex stainless steel was welded by gas tungsten arc welding in argon‐nitrogen mixed gas atmospheres. The tensile properties and microstructures of the weld metals were examined. The nitrogen content increases and the ferrite content decreases with increasing nitrogen partial pressure of the atmosphere. The ferrite content linearly decreases with an increasing nitrogen content. The tensile strength and elongation of the weld metal produced in the argon atmosphere are much lower than those of the base metal, but they increase with an increasing nitrogen content and approximate those of the base metal at around 0.4 mass% nitrogen content. The fractographs suggest that only the base metal and high‐nitrogen weld metal clearly show dimple patterns. The tensile‐tested base metal and high‐nitrogen weld metal have complex crack paths, whereas the other weld metals have relatively straight paths. The tensile properties of the weld metal are affected by the ferrite content and chromium nitride.
Optical harmonic generation in the Cantor-type dielectric superlattice (2003)

Second-harmonic (SH) and direct third-harmonic generation (THG) in a one-dimensional finite Cantor-type dielectric superlattice (DSL) can be treated exactly by using a transfer matrix method. Taking advantage of a numerical technique, we discuss the dependence of the SH and TH on the wavelength and the field amplitude variables of the fundamental wave as well as structural parameters of a Cantor-type DSL. Under typical structural parameters, high conversion efficiency of the SH and TH can be obtained at some special fundamental wavelength.
The single radial immunodiffusion assay highlights small antigenic differences among influenza virus hemagglutinins (1981)

The results of single radial immunodiffusion assays of influenza virus hemagglutinin were found to be greatly altered by small antigenic differences between test and reference strains. When such differences were present, the precise specificity of the antiserum used had a critical effect on the measured hemagglutinin antigen content obtained.
Distance and Orientation Dependence of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer:  A Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Study of Cytochrome c Bound to Carboxylic Acid Terminated Alkanethiols Adsorbed on Silver Electrodes (2000)

The distance and orientation dependence of the heterogeneous electron-transfer reaction between ferrocytochrome c (Fe2+Cc) and a silver film over nanosphere (AgFON) electrode is examined in detail using electrochemical surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) as a molecularly specific and structurally sensitive probe. The distance between the Fe2+ redox center and the electrode surface is controlled by varying the chain length x of an intervening carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol, HS(CH2)xCOOH, self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The orientation of the heme in Fe2+Cc with respect to the AgFON/S(CH2)xCOOH electrode surface is controlled by its binding motif. Electrostatic binding of Fe2+Cc to AgFON/S(CH2)xCOOH yields a highly oriented redox system with the heme edge directed toward the electrode surface. The binding constants were determined to be K = 5.0 × 106 M-1 and 1.1 × 106 M-1, respectively, for the x = 5 and x = 10 SAMs. In contrast, covalent binding of Fe2+Cc yields a randomly oriented redox system with no preferred direction between the heme edge and the electrode surface. SERRS detected electrochemistry demonstrates that Fe2+Cc electrostatically bound to the x = 5 AgFON/S(CH2)xCOOH surface exhibits reversible oxidation to ferricytochrome c, whereas Fe2+Cc electrostatically bound to the x = 10 surface exhibits irreversible oxidation. In comparison, Fe2+Cc covalently bound to the x = 5 and x = 10 surfaces both exhibit oxidation with an intermediate degree of reversibility. In addition to these primary results, the work presented here shows that AgFON/S(CH2)xCOOH surfaces (1) are biocompatible − Fe2+Cc is observed in its native state and (2) are stable to supporting electrolyte changes spanning a wide range of ionic strength and pH thus enabling, for the first time, SERRS studies of these variables in a manner not accessible with either the widely used colloid or electrochemically roughened SERS-active surfaces.
Molecular Self‐Assembled Monolayers and Multilayers for Organic and Unconventional Inorganic Thin‐Film Transistor Applications (2009)

Abstract Principal goals in organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) gate dielectric research include achieving: (i) low gate leakage currents and good chemical/thermal stability, (ii) minimized interface trap state densities to maximize charge transport efficiency, (iii) compatibility with both p‐ and n‐ channel organic semiconductors, (iv) enhanced capacitance to lower OTFT operating voltages, and (v) efficient fabrication via solution‐phase processing methods. In this Review, we focus on a prominent class of alternative gate dielectric materials: self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and multilayers (SAMTs) of organic molecules having good insulating properties and large capacitance values, requisite properties for addressing these challenges. We first describe the formation and properties of SAMs on various surfaces (metals and oxides), followed by a discussion of fundamental factors governing charge transport through SAMs. The last section focuses on the roles that SAMs and SAMTs play in OTFTs, such as surface treatments, gate dielectrics, and finally as the semiconductor layer in ultra‐thin OTFTs.
Cryoprotection–lyophilization and physical stabilization of rifampicin-loaded flower-like polymeric micelles (2011)

Rifampicin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) flower-like polymeric micelles display low aqueous physical stability over time and undergo substantial secondary aggregation. To improve their physical stability, the lyoprotection-lyophilization process was thoroughly characterized. The preliminary cryoprotectant performance of mono- and disaccharides (e.g. maltose, glucose), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights was assessed in freeze-thawing assays at -20°C, -80°C and -196°C. The size and size distribution of the micelles at the different stages were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A cryoprotectant factor (f(c)) was determined by taking the ratio between the size immediately after the addition of the cryoprotectant and the size after the preliminary freeze-thawing assay. The benefit of a synergistic cryoprotection by means of saccharide/PEG mixtures was also assessed. Glucose (1 : 20), maltose (1 : 20), HPβCD (1 : 5) and glucose or maltose mixtures with PEG3350 (1 : 20) (copolymer:cryoprotectant weight ratio) were the most effective systems to protect 1 per cent micellar systems. Conversely, only HPβCD (1 : 5) cryoprotected more concentrated drug-loaded micelles (4% and 6%). Then, those micelle/cryoprotectant systems that displayed f(c) values smaller than 2 were freeze-dried. The morphology of freeze-dried powders was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and the residual water content analysed by the Karl Fisher method. The HPβCD-added lyophilisates were brittle porous cakes (residual water was between 0.8% and 3%), easily redispersable in water to form transparent systems with a minimal increase in the micellar size, as determined by DLS.
The Role of Endogenous Incretin Secretion as Amplifier of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

In order to quantify the role of incretins in first- and second-phase insulin secretion (ISR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a double-blind, randomized study with 12 T2DM subjects and 12 healthy subjects (HS) was conducted using the hyperglycemic clamp technique together with duodenal nutrition perfusion and intravenous infusion of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist exendin(9-39). Intravenous glucose alone resulted in a significantly greater first- and second-phase ISR in HS compared with T2DM subjects. Duodenal nutrition perfusion augmented both first- and second-phase ISR but first-phase ISR more in T2DM subjects (approximately eight- vs. twofold). Glucose-related stimulation of ISR contributed only 20% to overall ISR. Infusion with exendin(9-39) significantly reduced first- and second-phase ISR in both HS and T2DM subjects. Thus, both GLP-1 and non-GLP-1 incretins contribute to the incretin effect. In conclusion, both phases of ISR are impaired in T2DM. In particular, the responsiveness to glucose in first-phase ISR is blunted. GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretions are unaltered. The absolute incretin effect is reduced in T2DM; its relative importance, however, appears to be increased, highlighting its role as an important amplifier of first-phase ISR in T2DM.
Scanning Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Microscopy Selectively Probes HA Content in Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Defect Repair (2016)

This study is aimed at investigating the structure of a scaffold made of bovine gelatin and hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering purposes. In particular, the detailed characterization of such a material has a great relevance because of its application in the healing process of the osteochondral defect that consists of a damage of cartilage and injury of the adjacent subchondral bone, significantly compromising millions of patient's quality of life. Two different techniques exploiting X-ray radiation, with table-top setups, are used: microtomography (micro-CT) and microdiffraction. Micro-CT characterizes the microstructure in the three dimensions at the micrometer scale spatial resolution, whereas microdiffraction provides combined structural/morphological information at the atomic and nanoscale, in two dimensional microscopy images with a hundred micrometer spatial resolution. The combination of these two techniques allowed an appropriate structural characterization for the purpose of validating the engineering approach used for the realization of the hydroxyapatite gradient across the scaffold, with properties close to the natural model.
Performance study of IMS signaling plane (2007)

The convergence of telecom and Internet are yet to be matured enough to effectively solve the major challenges, like quality of service, different kinds of charging, and security. IP multimedia subsystems (IMS) techniques are one of the strong contenders to solve the above problems by proposing overlay network architecture. It is imperative to find out an optimum network design to support rapidly increasing users efficiently, for signaling and services. Our present work addresses the issues involved in predicting the performance (end-to-end node delay) for signaling in the IMS network. We have implemented IMS-signaling prototype test bed and also did the simulation of the same model. Moreover, we have introduced in this case a rule engine to dynamically alter the call flow direction through different network nodes, to effectively study the performance of the various nodes. Our observed results from the implementation and simulation are close. Furthermore, we found out that amongst the nodes involved in call processing, the maximum delay takes place at serving-call session control function (SCSCF).
Representing mapping and scheduling decisions within dataflow graphs (2013)

Choosing the right programming model for multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) platforms is a challenging task: in order to provide for automatic hardware/software synthesis in a model-based design flow, the system model should be architecture-independent on the one hand, but should also allow the back-annotation of architecture-dependent mapping and scheduling decisions on the other hand. Here, architecture-independent dataflow models are particularly suitable. In a dataflow model, concurrent processes (actors) communicate via packets transmitted over channels. However, the back-annotation process is difficult, and previous approaches are either restricted to static dataflow actors or static schedules. Also, the semantics of the underlying dataflow actors are often different from the semantics of the scheduling mechanism, which limits the compositionality of the dataflow model. In this paper, we propose a modeling approach which unifies the representation of dataflow actors and scheduling mechanisms, while also providing for both, dynamic dataflow actors and dynamic scheduling decisions. We describe how various scheduling schemes can be represented by our approach, and show the applicability of the proposed approach by means of synthetic dataflow graphs.
Clinical evaluation of alfaxalone as an anaesthetic induction agent in cats less than 12 weeks of age (2012)

Alfaxalone in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Alfaxan®) is a suitable injectable anaesthetic induction agent for juvenile cats aged less than 12 weeks requiring anaesthesia. Maintenance of anaesthesia with supplemental doses of alfaxalone may be a suitable alternative in kittens when the use of inhalant anaesthetic maintenance is not feasible.
<title>Design guidelines for medical ultrasonic arrays</title> (1998)

The basics of ultrasonic transducer array design in the frequency range useful for medical imaging are discussed. Performance parameters of importance in transducer design are considered, including sensitivity, coupling constant, band width, frequency downshift, pulse duration, beam focusing properties, and electrical matching. 2D and 3D effects must also be taken into account. The advantages of computer modeling in 3D with finite element analysis code are highlighted. The principles of multi-element array transducers useful for 2D real-time scanning are reviewed. 2D arrays provide the opportunity of focusing the elevation beam dimension in the short axis, or make possible full 3D scanning volumes.
Pentose Pathway Activation Is Superior to Increased Glycolysis for Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease (2023)

Background In endothelial cells (ECs), glycolysis, regulated by PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase, isoform-3), is the major metabolic pathway for ATP generation. In preclinical peripheral artery disease models, VEGF<sub>165</sub>a (vascular endothelial growth factor<sub>165</sub>a) and microRNA-93 both promote angiogenesis. Methods and Results Mice following hind-limb ischemia (HLI) and ECs with, and without, hypoxia and serum starvation were examined with, and without, microRNA-93 and VEGF<sub>165</sub>a. Post-HLI perfusion recovery was monitored. EC metabolism was studied using seahorse assay, and the expression and activity of major metabolism genes were assessed. Reactive oxygen species levels and EC permeability were evaluated. C57Bl/6J mice generated a robust angiogenic response to HLI, with ECs from ischemic versus nonischemic muscle demonstrating no increase in glycolysis. Balb/CJ mice generated a poor angiogenic response post-HLI; ischemic versus nonischemic ECs demonstrated significant increase in glycolysis. MicroRNA-93-treated Balb/CJ mice post-HLI showed better perfusion recovery, with ischemic versus nonischemic ECs showing no increase in glycolysis. VEGF<sub>165</sub>a-treated Balb/CJ mice post-HLI showed no improvement in perfusion recovery with ischemic versus nonischemic ECs showing significant increase in glycolysis. ECs under hypoxia and serum starvation upregulated PFKFB3. In ECs under hypoxia and serum starvation, VEGF<sub>165</sub>a versus control significantly upregulated PFKFB3 and glycolysis, whereas miR-93 versus control demonstrated no increase in PFKFB3 or glycolysis. MicroRNA-93 versus VEGF<sub>165</sub>a upregulated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression and activity, activating the pentose phosphate pathway. MicroRNA-93 versus control increased reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and virtually eliminated the increase in reactive oxygen species. In ECs under hypoxia and serum starvation, VEGF<sub>165</sub>a significantly increased and miR-93 decreased EC permeability. Conclusions In peripheral artery disease, activation of the pentose phosphate pathway to promote angiogenesis may offer potential therapeutic advantages.
BEPITOPE: predicting the location of continuous epitopes and patterns in proteins (2003)

In growing need of obtaining highly specific monoclonal antibodies against novel proteins, we developed new functions implemented in the program BEPITOPE to predict continuous protein epitopes. This program not only can compute, combine, display and print prediction profiles, but also provides a list of suggested linear peptides to be synthesized. Novel facilities incorporated in BEPITOPE include the treatment of a whole genome, the search for a user-defined pattern, and the combination of prediction to pattern profiles. This latter approach is useful to remove unwanted predictions such as those including glycosylation sites.
Switched Linear State-Space Control of dc/dc converters with Optimal Dwell-Time (2016)

Following up on a low-cost implementation of the state-space based modern control of the output voltage of a dc/dc converter, this paper reports on the usage of a Switched Linear State Space Control with Optimal Dwell Time. The state space control is based on small-signal modeling of converter operation. This is valid for certain operation conditions and any large signal change would see an alteration in performance. To avoid this, the paper proposes to switch the actual control law at each major change in the static operating point. The switch is done with a certain dwell time that is herein optimized for the case of either a voltage reference or a major perturbation change (either input voltage or output current). The theory is validated with extensive MATLAB analysis and discussed for implementation on a Microchip Explorer board.
Nanoscale Electric Phenomena at Oxide Surfaces and Interfaces by Scanning Probe Microscopy (2002)

Scanning Probe Microscopy is used to study and quantify the nanoscale electric phenomena in the two classes of oxide systems, namely transport at electroactive grain boundaries and surface behavior of ferroelectric materials. Scanning Impedance Microscopy is developed to study the capacitance and local C-V characteristic of the interfaces combining the spatial resolution of traditional SPMs with the precision of conventional electrical measurements. SPM of SrTiO3 grain boundaries in conjunction with variable temperature impedance spectroscopy and I-V measurements allowed to find and theoretically justify the effect of field suppression of dielectric constant in the vicinity of the electroactive interfaces in strontium titanate. Similar approaches were used to study ferroelectric properties and ac and dc transport behavior in a number of polycrystalline oxides. In the second part, the effects of local charge density on the chemistry and physics of ferroelectric surfaces are studied. The kinetics and thermodynamics parameters of adsorption are assessed by variable temperature SPM. Piezoresponse force microscopy is used to engineer domain patterns on ferroelectric surfaces. Localized photochemical activity of ferroelectric surfaces is explored as a new tool for metallic nanostructures fabrication.
Reduction of microwave loss by use of laminated electrodes (2004)

The use of thin film layered electrodes allows the unloaded Q-factor of a resonator to be enhanced due to resonant transmission of microwave power through metal sublayers. Use of superconducting films as the conductor plates needs additional analysis to establish the validity of applying the multilayer electrode consideration in this case. The method proposed is applied to the modeling of parallel plate resonators with maximum Q-factor.
MPI-GDS: High Performance MPI Designs with GPUDirect-aSync for CPU-GPU Control Flow Decoupling (2017)

While GPUs are becoming common in HPC systems, the CPU is still responsible for managing both GPU-side and CPU-side compute, communication, and synchronization operations. For instance, if a result from a GPU-side computation is to be transferred to a remote destination, then the CPU must synchronize on GPU compute completion issuing a communication operation. Both CPU cycles and energy are consumed waiting for synchronization. In turn, this significantly affects overall application time and scalability (eg: strong scaling applications).In this work, we present techniques to decouple communication control flow between CPU and GPU on GPU-enabled systems with MPI+CUDA applications using the novel GPUDirect-aSync (GDS) mechanism. GDS allows the GPU to progress network communication with the goal of placing the CPU away from the critical path. To take advantage of GDS in MPI+CUDA applications, we introduce the notion of offloading MPI operations to CUDA streams (referred as MPI-GDS) which subsequently allow the GPU and the NIC to progress MPI communication in stream-order either before or after a CUDA operation. We also propose efficient designs/protocols to realize point-to-point communication operations that guarantee stream-ordering while achieving good performance. The proposed methods show good benefits with micro-benchmarks and up to 30% improvement in application-kernel pattern mimicking benchmark and up to 36% improvement with broadcast application-pattern simulation (in medium message range with 8 GPU nodes) in comparison with a pure MPI+CUDA application.
A study on the effect of reflections and reverberation for low-channel-count Transaural systems (2019)

Cross-talk cancellation allows for the reproduction of binaural audio through loudspeakers. This uses a digital signal processing network that controls the acoustic pressure at the listener’s ears. Although this can be achieved by using only two drivers, loudspeaker arrays extend the operating frequency range and are more robust against mismatches between nominal and actual transducer transfer functions. This document presents a numerical study on the trade-off between cross-talk cancellation performance and the number of channels of a loudspeaker array in two practical room environments. A third order image source model is used to predict the performance of loudspeaker arrays using 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 speakers. The simulated results show how low-order reflections and the reverberant pressure created by the loudspeaker arrays affect the cross-talk cancellation and the reproduced acoustic pressures. The results show that arrays using 5 sources or more can minimise colouration on the reproduced response and maximise the effectiveness of the cross-talk cancellation over the entire audio frequency range.
Design of a micro-rotative actuator test bed (2004)

Within the context of miniaturization of mechatronic systems, the development of a powerful micro-rotative actuator is an important topic of research. Such new actuation systems need to be validated on a specific test bed. Due to the dimensions and the very small torque to be measured, special low friction bearings are necessary and very precise alignment procedure needs to be developed.