gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism on a quantum plane (1993)

We examine the problem of defining Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for a particle moving on a quantum plane $Q_{q,p}$. For Lagrangian mechanics, we first define a tangent quantum plane $TQ_{q,p}$ spanned by noncommuting particle coordinates and velocities. Using techniques similar to those of Wess and Zumino, we construct two different differential calculi on $TQ_{q,p}$. These two differential calculi can in principle give rise to two different particle dynamics, starting from a single Lagrangian. For Hamiltonian mechanics, we define a phase space $T^*Q_{q,p}$ spanned by noncommuting particle coordinates and momenta. The commutation relations for the momenta can be determined only after knowing their functional dependence on coordinates and velocities. Thus these commutation relations, as well as the differential calculus on $T^*Q_{q,p}$, depend on the initial choice of Lagrangian. We obtain the deformed Hamilton's equations of motion and the deformed Poisson brackets, and their definitions also depend on our initial choice of Lagrangian. We illustrate these ideas for two sample Lagrangians. The first system we examine corresponds to that of a nonrelativistic particle in a scalar potential. The other Lagrangian we consider is first order in time derivatives
Throughput-Guaranteed Resource-Allocation Algorithms for Relay-Aided Cellular OFDMA System (2008)

Radio resource allocation for downlink transmissions in a cellular system based on orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) has been the subject of many research studies over the past few years. Nowadays, increasing attention has turned to cellular systems with relays, but only a few algorithms have been designed for OFDMA-based relay systems. In this paper, resource-allocation schemes are proposed for the cases of one relay station (RS) and multiple RSs in the cell. Due to the specific design of these algorithms, which operate in an RS-aided base station centralized manner, the amount of required channel-state information and algorithm complexity are minimized, making them suited for practical use. The idea of adaptive RS activation is introduced, where the frame structure is adapted depending on the active RS. Different numbers of relays are considered, and the corresponding algorithms are accordingly adapted. Simulation results show that our algorithms achieve a very good throughput/outage tradeoff.
The role of nitric oxide in the physiological regulation of Ca2+ cycling. (2003)

The modulation of ion channels, including, but not limited to Ca2+ channels and pores, is emerging as a general mechanism by which nitric oxide (NO) exerts biological signaling. Due to the fact that the bioactivity of NO involves several second messenger systems and is profoundly influenced by multiple environmental stimuli, many seemingly divergent observations may be found in the literature. Accordingly, there is an ongoing controversy regarding the impact of NO on Ca2+ channels. An important theme for NO signaling, which may partly settle the ongoing controversies regarding NO signaling, is the spatial confinement of NO synthases (NOSs) with effector molecules, including ion channels. Perhaps the most important environmental stimulus that influences the bioactivity of NO is redox milieu, which in turn is influenced by the formation of reactive oxygen species and oxygen tension. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the NOS modulation of Ca2+ channels, emphasizing the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and central nervous systems.
Performance of Downlink UTRAN LTE under Control Channel Constraints (2008)

Dynamic time-frequency domain packet scheduling algorithms in the shared channel of downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems have been shown to achieve high multi-user diversity scheduling gains. However, the flexibility is obtained at the cost of additional control signaling for which the availability of resources is limited. This article addresses the effects of control signaling resources limitation as well as the effects of terminal control signaling decoding errors on the performance OFDMA packet scheduling algorithms.
Development and quality evaluation of cookies fortified with Spirulina (2023)

The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional composition of Spirulina powder, development of Spirulina based value added products and their nutritional composition and shelf life. Value added biscuits were prepared by using Spirulina, Flour mixture, Amul butter, Sugar, Baking powder and 5,10 and15 percent level of Spirulina powder. Mean score for overall acceptability of value for 10% spirulina added cookies was 6.2 against the control sample on nine point hedonic ranking scale. The developed value added cookies contained 4.29 percent moisture, 12.43 g protein, 27.26 g fat, 1.99 g ash on dry weight basis. Spirulina supplemented biscuits contain β-carotene, vitamin C, iron and potassium contents. Fat acidity revealed satisfactory quality of the value added biscuit at the end of three months of storage period. Thus, Spirulina based value added products may be beneficial for vulnerable populations due its high nutritive value. These would also be advantageous for those who are suffering from degenerative diseases because of its therapeutic properties.
Electron behavior in topological insulator based P-N overlayer interfaces (2012)

Topological insulators (TIs) are novel materials that manifest spin-polarized Dirac states on their surfaces or at interfaces made with conventional matter. We have measured the electron kinetics of bulk doped TI Bi$_2$Se$_3$ with angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy while depositing cathodic and anodic adatoms on the TI surfaces to add charge carriers of the opposite sign from bulk dopants. These P-N overlayer interfaces create Dirac point transport regimes and larger interface potentials than previous N-N type surface deposition studies, revealing unconventional Rashba-like and surface-bulk electron interactions, and an unusual characteristic distribution of spectral weight near the Dirac point in TI Dirac point interfaces. The electronic structures of P-N doped topological interfaces observed in these experiments are an important step towards the understanding of solid interfaces with topological materials.
Metabolic inhibition increases feeding and brain Fos-like immunoreactivity as a function of diet (1998)

Whether administration of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM) or methyl palmoxirate (MP) elicits eating behavior in rats depends on the composition of the maintenance diet. To assess whether specific brain sites are involved in triggering the eating responses to these metabolic inhibitors, we measured food intake and Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-li) in rats maintained on either a low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) or high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet. Rats fed the LF/HC diet increased food intake after administration of 2,5-AM (200 mg/kg ip) but not after treatment with MP (10 mg/kg po), whereas rats maintained on the HF/LC diet increased food intake in response to MP administration but not after 2,5-AM injection. The effects of these inhibitors on brain Fos-li in several specific brain nuclei paralleled those on feeding behavior; that is, the number of cells showing Fos-li increased only under dietary conditions in which 2,5-AM or MP stimulated eating. These results suggest that the eating response to metabolic inhibition is tied to increased neuronal activity in brain regions that process vagal afferent signals.
Investigation of Sc2O3mixed-matrix Ba&#8212;Ca aluminate-impregnated cathodes (1984)

The Sc <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> mixed-matrix Ba-Ca aluminate-impregated cathodes are fabricated and electron emission property as well as Ba evaporation rate is evaluated. The saturation current density J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> = 10 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can be obtained at 840°C of brightness temperature for Sc <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> content of 1-13 wt %. Emission anomaly is observed at low applied electric field strength, which is caused by the effective electric field reduction due to patch field. From surface analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy, the patch field is found to be due to imhomogeneous distribution of a surface layer composed of Ba, Sc, and O.
Discovery of a small molecule modulator of the Kv1.1/Kvβ1 channel complex that reduces neuronal excitability and in vitro epileptiform activity (2018)

This study describes a rational drug discovery approach for the identification of novel ligands that inhibit Kv1.1 channel inactivation and provides pharmacological evidence that such a mechanism translates into physiological effects by reducing in vitro epileptiform activity.
A Convenient Synthesis of 2-(3-Methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzoic Acid (2003)

A new procedure for the synthesis of 2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1yl)benzoic acid (3) is reported via hydrogenation of 2-(3-methyl-2,5-dihydropyrrol-1-yl)benzoic acid (9) that in turn is available from fusion of anthranilic acid with citraconic anhydride. This method provides cleaner material in higher overall yield than that obtained using previously reported methods.
SEDIMENT MOVEMENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT (2004)

The present paper aims to present the issues and scope of the IMPACT research project in the field of dam-break induced geomorphic flows, to give an overview of the experimental work carried out in the frame of the research program, to summarize the new developments in modelling, to outline the validation process, and to give some practical conclusions for the future of dam-break wave modeling. / Cet article vise à présenter les objectifs du projet de recherche Impact dans le champ des écoulements géomorphologiques induits par la rupture d'un barrage, à donner un panorama des travaux expérimentaux effectués dans le cadre du programme de recherche, à résumer les nouveaux développements en modélisation numérique, à souligner les processus de validation et à donner des conclusions pratiques pour la modélisation future de l'onde de rupture de barrage.
Ferrioxamine uptake in Yersinia enterocolitica: characterization of the receptor protein FoxA (1992)

The gene for the high-affinity outer membrane ferrioxamine receptor FoxA of Yersinia enterocolitica was cloned in Escherichia coli K-12. A foxA mutant of Yersinia could be complemented by the cloned DNA fragment. The FoxA encoding region was sequenced and an open reading frame encoding 710 amino acids, including a signal sequence of 26 amino acids, was deduced. The mature FoxA protein consisted of 684 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 75,768 Da. FoxA shared 33% amino acid sequence homology with FhuA, the ferrichrome receptor of Escherichia coli. Based on the homologies with FhuA and other TonB-dependent receptors a topological model of FoxA is presented.
Stability of Boolean networks: The joint effects of topology and update rules (2014)

We study the stability of orbits in large Boolean networks. We treat the case in which the network has a given complex topology, and we do not assume a specific form for the update rules, which may be correlated with local topological properties of the network. While recent past work has addressed the separate effects of complex network topology and certain classes of update rules on stability, only crude results exist about how these effects interact. We present a widely applicable solution to this problem. Numerical simulations confirm our theory and show that local correlations between topology and update rules can have profound effects on the qualitative behavior of these systems.
Synthesis and Testing of Glucose Derivatives for Feeding to Ruminants (1977)

Glucose compounds were synthesized and tested for resistance in a 48-h in vitro rumen fermentation. Glucose complexed with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone was resistant. When complexed with propionic and succinic acids, the products readily fermented. The resistant compounds also withstood acid hydrolysis at a pH similar to that of the abomasum. This suggests that these products would have little value as a dietary source of glucose for ruminants if the release of glucose to the animal depended on acid hydrolysis in the abomasum. The possibility of enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose-formaldehyde compound was studied in a feeding trial with sheep. Eight Finncross wethers were fed the formaldehyde product in three quantities in their diet. Blood and urine glucose plus blood, urine, and fecal total soluble carbohydrate were measured. It appears that this glucose-formaldehyde product resists rumen fermentation but does not become metabolically available to sheep as indicated by large quantities of product excreted in urine and feces.
New insights into roles of basophils in initiating T helper type 2 immunity (2019)

Allergic diseases, mainly mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) immunity, have become a worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in treating and preventing allergic symptoms. As the new target of anti-allergy TCM, basophils, after approximately 140 years since their discovery, are just now gaining respect as important contributors in the pathogenesis underlying allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to their role as effector cells, basophils can release early IL-4, migrate from circulatory system into draining lymph nodes, present antigen to naive CD4<sup>+</sup> <i>T</i> cells, and promote the differentiation of Th2 cells. Herein, we briefly summarized the recent research advances of the essential contributions of basophils in the initiation of Th2 immune responses.
Fluorescent imaging and localization with angle sensitive pixel arrays in standard CMOS (2010)

We demonstrate an optical sensor array which is capable of locating multiple, small fluorescent objects in three-dimensional space. Manufactured in an unmodified 130 nm CMOS process, the sensor requires no external optics or post processing. Instead, the array employs a diverse collection of angle-sensitive pixels. Each pixel has a distinct response to light intensity and incident angle. The array of pixels collectively gathers sufficient structural information to perform localization. These sensors will be useful whenever the micro-structure, rather than raw intensity, of a fluorescent sample is of interest.
Predicting the binding preference of transcription factors to individual DNA k-mers (2008)

We employed a new dataset consisting of the relative preferences of mouse homeodomains for all eight-base DNA sequences in order to ask how well we can predict the binding profiles of homeodomains when only their protein sequences are given. We evaluated a panel of standard statistical inference techniques, as well as variations of the protein features considered. Nearest neighbour among functionally important residues emerged among the most effective methods. Our results underscore the complexity of TF-DNA recognition, and suggest a rational approach for future analyses of TF families.
Fatalities in High School and College Football Players (2013)

High school and college football have approximately 12 fatalities annually with indirect systemic causes being twice as common as direct blunt trauma. The most common causes are cardiac failure, brain injury, and heat illness. The incidence of fatalities is much higher at the college level for most injuries other than brain injuries, which were only slightly more common at the college level. The risk of SCT, heat-related, and cardiac deaths increased during the second decade of the study, indicating these conditions require a greater emphasis on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
An alternative mitophagy pathway mediated by Rab9 protects the heart against ischemia (2018)

Energy stress, such as ischemia, induces mitochondrial damage and death in the heart. Degradation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy is essential for the maintenance of healthy mitochondria and survival. Here, we show that mitophagy during myocardial ischemia was mediated predominantly through autophagy characterized by Rab9-associated autophagosomes, rather than the well-characterized form of autophagy that is dependent on the autophagy-related 7 (Atg) conjugation system and LC3. This form of mitophagy played an essential role in protecting the heart against ischemia and was mediated by a protein complex consisting of unc-51 like kinase 1 (Ulk1), Rab9, receptor-interacting serine/thronine protein kinase 1 (Rip1), and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). This complex allowed the recruitment of trans-Golgi membranes associated with Rab9 to damaged mitochondria through S179 phosphorylation of Rab9 by Ulk1 and S616 phosphorylation of Drp1 by Rip1. Knockin of Rab9 (S179A) abolished mitophagy and exacerbated the injury in response to myocardial ischemia, without affecting conventional autophagy. Mitophagy mediated through the Ulk1/Rab9/Rip1/Drp1 pathway protected the heart against ischemia by maintaining healthy mitochondria.
A structural role for the PHP domain in E. coli (2013)

Background: In addition to the core catalytic machinery, bacterial replicative DNA polymerases contain a Polymerase and Histidinol Phosphatase (PHP) domain whose function is not entirely understood. The PHP domains of some bacterial replicases are active metal-dependent nucleases that may play a role in proofreading. In E. coli DNA polymerase III, however, the PHP domain has lost several metal-coordinating residues and is likely to be catalytically inactive. Results: Genomic searches show that the loss of metal-coordinating residues in polymerase PHP domains is likely to have coevolved with the presence of a separate proofreading exonuclease that works with the polymerase. Although the E. coli Pol III PHP domain has lost metal-coordinating residues, the structure of the domain has been conserved to a remarkable degree when compared to that of metal-binding PHP domains. This is demonstrated by our ability to restore metal binding with only three point mutations, as confirmed by the metal-bound crystal structure of this mutant determined at 2.9 A resolution. We also show that Pol III, a large multi-domain protein, unfolds cooperatively and that mutations in the degenerate metal-binding site of the PHP domain decrease the overall stability of Pol III and reduce its activity. Conclusions: While the presence of a PHP domain in replicative bacterial polymerases is strictly conserved, its ability to coordinate metals and to perform proofreading exonuclease activity is not, suggesting additional nonenzymatic roles for the domain. Our results show that the PHP domain is a major structural element in Pol III and its integrity modulates both the stability and activity of the polymerase.
Pretreatment with perfluorohexane vapor attenuates fMLP-induced lung injury in isolated perfused rabbit lungs (2010)

The authors investigated the protective effects and dose dependency of perfluorohexane (PFH) vapor on leukocyte-mediated lung injury in isolated, perfused, and ventilated rabbit lungs. Lungs received either 18 vol.% (n = 7), 9 vol.% (n = 7), or 4.5 vol.% (n = 7) PFH. Fifteen minutes after beginning of PFH application, lung injury was induced with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Control lungs (n = 7) received fMLP only. In addition 5 lungs (PFH-sham) remained uninjured receiving 18 vol.% PFH only. Pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), peak inspiratory pressure (P(max)), and lung weight were monitored for 90 minutes. Perfusate samples were taken at regular intervals for analysis and representative lungs were fixed for histological analysis. In the control, fMLP application led to a significant increase of mPAP, P(max), lung weight, and lipid mediators. Pretreatment with PFH attenuated the rise in these parameters. This was accompanied by preservation of the structural integrity of the alveolar architecture and air-blood barrier. In uninjured lungs, mPAP, P(max), lung weight, and lipid mediator formation remained uneffected in the presence of PFH. The authors concluded that pretreatment with PFH vapor leads to an attenuation of leukocyte-mediated lung injury. Vaporization of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) offers new therapeutic options, making use of their protective and anti-inflammatory properties in prophylaxis or in early treatment of acute lung injury.
Introduction (2010)

Today enterprise and entrepreneurship often feature in government policies, usually because they appear to be seen as some sort of universal cure which can be administered to improve economic performance. In this context the words enterprise and entrepreneurship have come to be used apparently with similar meanings and often interchangeably. This prescription of enterprise and entrepreneurship as an economic cure seems to be based on the beliefs that enterprise and/or entrepreneurship are good for us, and that because we know how to grow more of them, governments and others should take steps to promote them. These beliefs are reflected, for instance, in the introduction to a report on the 'World Entrepreneurship Summit' held in 2008 which, in calling for more action to promote entrepreneurship across the world, said that we have plenty of research that tells us that entrepreneurship is important and what we need to do to get more entrepreneurs. We have policies aplenty to create entrepreneurial cultures, to deepen our scientific and technological knowledge and to widen access to education, finance and the internet.1 This quotation indicates both that entrepreneurship is important and that we know how to get more of it.KeywordsSmall BusinessEnterprise PolicyNascent EntrepreneurGlobal Entrepreneurship MonitorEntrepreneurial CultureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Mobile robot navigation in enclosed large-scale space (2002)

We investigate the feasibility of construction of a landmark-based cognitive map, whose elements are the obstacles perceived by a robotic vehicle during exploration of an unknown, large-scale environment. This cognitive map can then be used as an aid for goal-oriented navigation in such a challenging environment. A map construction algorithm is described suitable for a mobile robot with the ability of temporarily marking a single location in an enclosed environment containing polygonal objects. The algorithm is being verified with a LEGO-Technic-based autonomous vehicle, equipped with a 2-DOF arm and relying on inaccurate odometric and short-range proximity sensing. The vehicle experimentally demonstrated skills including pick-and-place of a portable marker obstacle detection, as well as characterization and recognition of polygonal objects. These skills in conjunction with the approximate odometric measurements collected by the vehicle, also represent the repertoire of behaviors exploited in map-assisted navigation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Complete proton and 13C NMR spectral assignments of pentalongin (1993)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of pentalongin, a physiologically active natural product, were completely assigned. Some previous assignments were revised. All 13 C 1 H coupling constants, both one‐bond and long‐range, were also measured.
USE OF DORZOLAMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS (2006)

The present study shows the efficacy of topical dorzolamide for treating foveal cystic-appearing lesions in patients with XLRS.