gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High external quantum efficiency from double heterostructure InGaP/GaAs layers as selective emitters for thermophotonic systems (2004)

In thermophotovoltaics (TPV) an emitter is heated up to a high temperature and emits infrared light. Above bandgap photons can then be converted into power by photovoltaic cells at room temperature. One of the main disadvantages of TPV is the need for a highly perfect selective emitter or filter to achieve high conversion efficiency. Thermophotonics overcomes this through the use of a heated light-emitting diode as an extremely selective emitter. To achieve net conversion of heat to electricity with thermophotonics, a LED with high electroluminescence efficiency is required. As the initial step to demonstrate this concept, a GaInP/GaAs double heterostructure was optically pumped with energy higher than bandgap at room temperature. An external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 96% was measured for an undoped planar sample on a transparent substrate using light extraction schemes. This EQE is close to achieving the cooling from the lattice. The results agree well with independent thermal measurements on planar samples. The low surface recombination velocity implies that the sample quality is excellent. However, not all samples with that feature will meet device-quality level. The excellent device performance also relies on processing techniques and design.
The uniform, steady-state atmospheric pressure DC plasma (2002)

We have developed and tested a steady-state DC plasma discharge apparatus that operates at atmospheric pressure. The important feature is a ceramic discharge electrode that prevents the diffuse discharge from contracting into an arc. The apparatus has been used successfully in the destruction of microorganisms.
Prognostic Factors for the Selection of Patients Eligible for Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (2014)

CT2 should be considered for patients with advanced BTC, especially for those who have only 1 metastatic organ and remain in generally good medical condition after the failure of CT1.
Structure of the human hexokinase type I gene and nucleotide sequence of the 5′ flanking region (1998)

This study reports the precise intron/exon boundaries and intron/exon composition of the human hexokinase type I gene. A yeast artificial chromosome containing the hexokinase type I gene was isolated from the yeast artificial chromosome library of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humaine. A cosmid sublibrary was created and direct sequencing of the individual cosmids was used to provide the exon/intron organization. The human hexokinase type I gene was found to be composed of 18 exons ranging in size from 63 to 305 bp. Intron 1 is at least 15 kb in length, whereas intron 2 spans at least 10 kb. Overall, the length of the 17 introns ranges from 104 to greater than 15 kb. The entire coding region is contained in at least 75 kb of the gene. The structure of the gene reveals a remarkable conservation of the size of the exons compared with glucokinase and hexokinase type II. Isolation of the 5' flanking region of the gene revealed a 75-90% identity with the rat sequence. Direct evidence of an alternative red-blood-cell-specific exon 1 located upstream of the 5' flanking region of the gene is also provided.
3D Branched Nanowire Photoelectrochemical Electrodes for Efficient Solar Water Splitting (2013)

We report the systematic study of 3D ZnO/Si branched nanowire (b-NW) photoelectrodes and their application in solar water splitting. We focus our study on the correlation between the electrode design and structures (including Si NW doping, dimension of the trunk Si and branch ZnO NWs, and b-NW pitch size) and their photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances (efficiency and stability) under neutral conditions. Specifically, we show that for b-NW electrodes with lightly doped p-Si NW core, larger ZnO NW branches and longer Si NW cores give a higher photocathodic current, while for b-NWs with heavily doped p-Si NW trunks smaller ZnO NWs and shorter Si NWs provide a higher photoanodic current. Interestingly, the photocurrent turn-on potential decreases with longer p-Si NW trunks and larger ZnO NW branches resulting in a significant photocathodic turn-on potential shift of ~600 mV for the optimized ZnO/p-Si b-NWs compared to that of the bare p-Si NWs. A photocathode energy conversion efficiency of greater than 2% at -1 V versus Pt counter electrode and in neutral solution is achieved for the optimized ZnO/p-Si b-NW electrodes. The PEC performances or incident photon-to-current efficiency are further improved using Si NW cores with smaller pitch size. The photoelectrode stability is dramatically improved by coating a thin TiO2 protection layer using atomic-layer deposition method. These results provide very useful guidelines in designing photoelectrodes for selective solar water oxidation/reduction and overall spontaneous solar fuel generation using low cost earth-abundant materials for practical clean solar fuel production.
40-Gb/s BPSK modulation using a silicon modulator (2015)

We demonstrate BPSK modulation using a silicon traveling-wave modulator at a data rate of 40 Gb/s with record 10.5 pJ/bit energy efficiency, and compare its performance with a commercial Lithium Niobate phase modulator.
Supplementary Figures from Cross-dressing of CD8α<sup>+</sup> Dendritic Cells with Antigens from Live Mouse Tumor Cells Is a Major Mechanism of Cross-priming (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-8&lt;/p&gt;
Impaired angiogenesis and extracellular matrix metabolism in autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (2020)

There are more than 7000 described rare diseases, most lacking specific treatment. Autosomal-dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES, also known as Job's syndrome) is caused by mutations in STAT3. These patients present with immunodeficiency accompanied by severe nonimmunological features, including skeletal, connective tissue, and vascular abnormalities, poor postinfection lung healing, and subsequent pulmonary failure. No specific therapies are available for these abnormalities. Here, we investigated underlying mechanisms in order to identify therapeutic targets. Histological analysis of skin wounds demonstrated delayed granulation tissue formation and vascularization during skin-wound healing in AD-HIES patients. Global gene expression analysis in AD-HIES patient skin fibroblasts identified deficiencies in a STAT3-controlled transcriptional network regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and angiogenesis, with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) being a major contributor. Consistent with this, histological analysis of skin wounds and coronary arteries from AD-HIES patients showed decreased HIF-1α expression and revealed abnormal organization of the ECM and altered formation of the coronary vasa vasorum. Disease modeling using cell culture and mouse models of angiogenesis and wound healing confirmed these predicted deficiencies and demonstrated therapeutic benefit of HIF-1α-stabilizing drugs. The study provides mechanistic insights into AD-HIES pathophysiology and suggests potential treatment options for this rare disease.
MicroRNAs as master regulators of immune responses in transplant recipients (2015)

miRNA-based diagnosis is a fast-moving field with new miRNA signatures being identified each day. Recent advances have also been successful at taking a few of these miRNAs to clinical trials for therapeutic interventions.
A Robust Watermarking Algorithm Based on Salient Image Features (2008)

A feature-based robust watermarking algorithm against geometric transformation is proposed in this paper. As salient features in the image are relatively stable under geometric transformation, they may serve as reference points to synchronize the processes of watermark embedding and detection. To further increase the repeatability of feature detection, a novel feature enhancement technique is proposed. Such enhancement is crucial because most existent watermarking algorithms suffer from lost of synchronization due to image attacks, and the watermark would not be detected correctly if the repeatability rate is low. Image moments were also used to achieve geometric invariance of watermark embedding and detection. Experimental results demonstrated that our algorithm can survive various geometric transformation and common image processing operations.
N,N-Dimethyl-2,4-dinitroaniline (1996)

The title compound, C 8 H 9 N 3 O 4 , has both the o-nitro group and the 1-dimethylamino group twisted out of the plane of the benzene ring, whereas the p-nitro group is almost coplanar with the ring.
Twinkling artifact on intracerebral color Doppler sonography. (1999)

Transcranial Doppler sonography shows potential as a noninvasive technique for long-term follow-up of treated intracranial saccular aneurysms. This technical note describes a color Doppler artifact related to microcoil architecture that might represent a potential pitfall in transcranial Doppler sonographic evaluation of aneurysmal cavity thrombosis, since it may be wrongly interpreted as residual flow or aneurysmal cavity recanalization.
Analog-digital switching mixed mode low ripple-high efficiency Li-ion battery charger (2002)

This paper describes a low noise and high efficiency analog-digital switching mixed mode battery charger for production facilities of Li-ion batteries. The requirements for battery chargers for production facilities are very strict. The accuracy of output voltage and output current should be below 0.1% with very low ripple current. Therefore analog type linear regulators are widely used for a battery charger in spite of their inefficiency and bulkiness. We combined a linear regulator as a voltage source with digital switching converter as a dependent current source. Low current ripple and high accuracy are obtained by a linear regulator while high efficiency is achieved by digital switching converter. Experimental results show that the proposed method has 0.1% ripple and 90% efficiency at an output current of 1 A for a battery voltage of 4 V.
Data from PDX-MI: Minimal Information for Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse models have emerged as an important oncology research platform to study tumor evolution, mechanisms of drug response and resistance, and tailoring chemotherapeutic approaches for individual patients. The lack of robust standards for reporting on PDX models has hampered the ability of researchers to find relevant PDX models and associated data. Here we present the PDX models minimal information standard (PDX-MI) for reporting on the generation, quality assurance, and use of PDX models. PDX-MI defines the minimal information for describing the clinical attributes of a patient's tumor, the processes of implantation and passaging of tumors in a host mouse strain, quality assurance methods, and the use of PDX models in cancer research. Adherence to PDX-MI standards will facilitate accurate search results for oncology models and their associated data across distributed repository databases and promote reproducibility in research studies using these models. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(21); e62–66. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
[Expression of focal adhesion kinase in laryngeal carcinoma]. (2004)

The results in the report show that the level of FAK expression might be a valuable marker for carcinogeneandsis and the progression of carcinoma.
A comparison of different NDE signal processing techniques based on waveform entropies applied to long fiber-graphite/epoxy-plates (2017)

This study compares diﬀerent approaches for imaging the internal architecture of graphite/epoxy composites using backscattered ultrasound. Two cases are studied. In the first, near-surface defects in a thin graphite/epoxy plates are imaged. The backscattered waveforms were used to produce peak-to-peak, logarithm of signal energy, as well as entropy images of diﬀerent types. All of the entropy images exhibit better border delineation and defect contrast than either the peak-to-peak or the logarithm of signal energy. The best results are obtained using the joint entropy of the backscattered waveforms with a reference function. Two diﬀerent references are examined. The first is a reflection of the insonifying pulse from a stainless steel reflector. The second is an approximate optimum obtained from an iterative parametric search. The joint entropy images produced using this reference exhibit three times the contrast obtained in previous studies. These plates were later destructively analyzed to determine size and location of near-surface defects and the results are found to agree with the defect location and shape as indicated by the entropy images. In the second study, images of long carbon fibers (50% by weight) in polypropylene thermoplastic were obtained as a first step toward ultrasonic determination of the distributions of fiber position and orientation.
Biodegradable Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Microcells as Power Supplies for Transient Biomedical Implants (2018)

Abstract Bioresorbable electronic materials serve as foundations for implantable devices that provide active diagnostic or therapeutic function over a timeframe matched to a biological process, and then disappear within the body to avoid secondary surgical extraction. Approaches to power supply in these physically transient systems are critically important. This paper describes a fully biodegradable, monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) platform based on microscale cells (microcells) designed to operate at wavelengths with long penetration depths in biological tissues (red and near infrared wavelengths), such that external illumination can provide realistic levels of power. Systematic characterization and theoretical simulations of operation under porcine skin and fat establish a foundational understanding of these systems and their scalability. In vivo studies of a representative platform capable of generating ≈60 µW of electrical power under 4 mm of porcine skin and fat illustrate an ability to operate blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as subdermal implants in rats for 3 d. Here, the PV system fully resorbs after 4 months. Histological analysis reveals that the degradation process introduces no inflammatory responses in the surrounding tissues. The results suggest the potential for using silicon photovoltaic microcells as bioresorbable power supplies for various transient biomedical implants.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective, Three‐Component Reactions of Diazoacetates with Anilines and β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters: 1,2‐Addition versus 1,4‐Addition. (2011)

Abstract The course of the reaction is highly dependent on the electronic nature of the diazoacetates.
K depletion increases protein tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylation of ROMK (2002)

We purified His-tagged ROMK1 and carried out in vitro phosphorylation assays with (32)P-radiolabeled ATP to determine whether ROMK1 protein is a substrate for PTK. Addition of active c-Src and [(32)P]ATP to the purified ROMK1 protein resulted in the phosphorylation of the ROMK1 protein. However, c-Src did not phosphorylate R1Y337A in which tyrosine residue 337 was mutated to alanine. Furthermore, phosphopeptide mapping identified two phosphopeptides from the trypsin-digested ROMK1 protein. In contrast, no phosphorylated peptide has been found in the trypsin-digested R1Y337A protein. This suggested that two phosphorylated peptides might contain the same tyrosine residue. Also, addition of c-Src and [(32)P]ATP phosphorylated the synthesized peptide corresponding to amino acid sequence 333-362 of the COOH terminus of ROMK1. We then examined the effect of dietary K intake on the tyrosine-phosphorylated ROMK level. Although the ROMK channels pulled down by immunoprecipitation with ROMK antibody were the same from rats on a K-deficient diet or on a high-K diet, more ROMK channels were phosphorylated by PTK in rats on a K-deficient diet than those on a high-K diet. We conclude that ROMK1 can be phosphorylated by PTK and that tyrosine residue 337 is the key site for the phosphorylation. Also, the tyrosine phosphorylation of ROMK is modulated by dietary K intake. This strongly suggests that PTK is an important member of the aldosterone-independent signal transduction pathway for regulating renal K secretion.
Human skin fibroblast collagenase inhibitor. Comparative studies in human connective tissues, serum, and amniotic fluid. (1983)

In order to gain insight into the biological significance of a collagenase inhibitor secreted by human skin fibroblasts, we examined various human connective tissues and body fluids for such a protein. The inhibitors found in these tissues were compared immunologically to skin fibroblast inhibitor by Ouchterlony analysis and by the development of a highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using this ELISA, cell cultures of human skin fibroblasts, corneal fibroblasts, gingival fibroblasts, and adult and fetal lung fibroblasts secreted similar amounts of immunoreactive inhibitor protein. Each culture medium displayed a reaction of immunologic identity with skin fibroblast inhibitor when examined in Ouchterlony gel diffusion. In testing for functional inhibitory activity, the same 1:1 stoichiometry of collagenase inhibition was observed in each culture medium that characterizes the human skin inhibitor. Other mesodermally derived human cell types, including human fetal osteoblasts, uterine smooth muscle cells, fibrosarcoma cells, and explants of tendon and articular cartilage behaved in the same manner as the fibroblast cultures. Because collagenase inhibitors with biochemical similarities to skin fibroblast inhibitor have been described in serum and in amniotic fluid, we also examined these sources of inhibitory proteins. The data indicate that both serum and amniotic fluid contain collagenase inhibitors which are immunologically and functionally identical with the skin fibroblast inhibitor. The concentration of inhibitor in serum, as measured by ELISA assay, is 1.03 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml. The results suggest that collagenase inhibitors which are functionally equivalent and immunologically identical with human skin fibroblast collagenase inhibitor are synthesized by many, if not all, fetal and adult mesodermal tissues in the human organism. The inhibitor apparently gains access to certain body fluids such as serum and amniotic fluid. This inhibitor protein may, therefore, function in the regulation of collagen degradation in most human connective tissues.
Comparative Genomics of Canadian Epidemic Lineages of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2007)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen that has disseminated throughout Canadian hospitals and communities. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of over 9,300 MRSA isolates obtained from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program has identified 10 epidemic strain types in Canada (CMRSA1 to CMRSA10). In an attempt to determine specific genetic factors that have contributed to their high prevalence in community and/or hospital settings, the genomic content of representative isolates for each of the 10 Canadian epidemic types was compared using comparative genomic hybridizations. Comparison of the community-associated Canadian epidemic isolates (CMRSA7 and CMRSA10) with the hospital-associated Canadian epidemic isolates revealed one open reading frame (ORF) (SACOL0046) encoding a putative protein belonging to a metallo-beta-lactamase family, which was present only in the community-associated Canadian epidemic isolates. A more restricted comparison involving only the most common hospital-associated Canadian epidemic isolates (CMRSA1 and CMRSA2) with the community-associated Canadian epidemic isolates did reveal additional factors that might be contributing to their prevalence in the community and hospital settings, which included ORFs encoding potential virulence factors involved in capsular biosynthesis, serine proteases, epidermin, adhesion factors, regulatory functions, leukotoxins, and exotoxins.
Narrowband tunable VUV radiation generated by nonresonant sum- and difference-frequency mixing in xenon and krypton (1982)

Nonresonant sum- and difference-frequency mixing of the fundamental omega(L) and the second harmonic omega(UV) radiation of a powerful narrowband pulsed dye laser system excited by an Nd:YAG laser (lambda(L) = 5500-6500 A) generates intense VUV radiation in krypton and xenon with the frequency omega(VUV) = 2omega(UV) micro omega(L). The sum-frequency is tunable in spectral regions of negative dispersion between 1100 and 1300 A. The maximum VUV pulse power exceeds 20 W (5 x 10(10) photons/pulse). VUV light pulses with up to 60 W (2.3 x 10(11) photons/pulse) are provided by the difference-frequency at wavelengths between 1850 and 2070 A. In addition the conversion process omega(VUV) = 2omega(UV) - omega(IR) (omega(IR) is the frequency of the Nd:YAG laser) generates radiation in the wavelength range of 1595-1866 A. With present laser systems the tuning range of the difference-frequency could be extended to wavelengths as short as 1226 A. The sum- and difference-frequency conversion will thus provide intense coherent VUV light continuously tunable between 1100 and 2100 A.
Analysis of Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation in Cancer: Location, Location, Location! (2011)

The genetic and epigenetic alterations that underlie cancer pathogenesis are rapidly being identified. This provides novel insights in tumor biology as well as in potential cancer biomarkers. The somatic mutations in cancer genes that have been implemented in clinical practice are well defined and very specific. For epigenetic alterations, and more specifically aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands, evidence is emerging that these markers could be used for the early detection of cancer as well as prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. However, the exact location of biologically and clinically relevant hypermethylation has not been identified for the majority of methylation markers. The most widely used approaches to analyze DNA methylation are based on primer- and probe-based assays that provide information for a limited number of CpG dinucleotides and thus for only part of the information available in a given CpG island. Validation of the current data and implementation of hypermethylation markers in clinical practice require a more comprehensive and critical evaluation of DNA methylation and limitations of the techniques currently used in methylation marker research. Here, we discuss the emerging evidence on the importance of the location of CpG dinucleotide hypermethylation in relation to gene expression and associations with clinicopathologic characteristics in cancer.
Key Morphological Events following Late-Season Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Germination (2018)

Abstract Goosegrass is a weedy C 4 species throughout the world and a major pest in turfgrass systems. Further research is needed to characterize morphological events of goosegrass germinating in late summer to enhance long-term management programs. The objective of this study was to determine whether goosegrass germinating on August 15 will complete a life cycle before the first killing frost, typically November 15 in Clemson, SC. A biotype from Clemson, SC, was collected and a growth-chamber experiment was conducted to simulate autumn maximum and minimum temperatures. Culm, leaf, root, and raceme biomass measurements were recorded weekly, and growth curves were modeled. The inflection point (i.e., point of maximum growth) occurred for the following growth parameters: culm dry weight at 26.5 d after emergence (DAE), leaf dry weight at 26.6 DAE, number of racemes per plant at 50.7 DAE, raceme dry weight (including germinable seed) at 56.0 DAE, and root dry weight at 42.1 DAE. The completion of the life cycle occurred on October 22 (68 DAE), approximately 3 wk before the typical first killing frost in Clemson, SC. In summary, turf managers need to address goosegrass that germinates through approximately the first week of September at this location to avoid production of viable seed.