gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti‐recoverin antibodies cause the apoptotic death of mammalian photoreceptor cells in vitro (1999)

We developed an in vitro model to study the effect of anti-recoverin antibodies on retinal cells and the mechanism(s) by which they kill photoreceptors in cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR). Rat retinal cells were grown in a defined medium, and cell types were identified by using antibodies against rhodopsin, recoverin, syntaxin, and thy-1. Purified immunoglobulin (IgG) against recoverin was added to the cultures at different concentrations for 24, 48, or 72 hr, and the survival of the cells was determined by fluorescence microscopy. Preimmune IgG and normal medium were used as controls. The cell death detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay were used to demonstrate cells undergoing apoptosis. Double labeling was used to visualize cell types and apoptotic death. Rods, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells were identified in the cultures. Rod cells, but not ganglion cells and amacrine cells, markedly decreased in the presence of 200 μg/ml of anti-recoverin IgG for 24, 48, and 72 hr. Anti-recoverin antibodies caused apoptosis in rod cells but not in amacrine cells. Almost all cells were shown to take up IgG from the medium. In conclusion, our retinal cell cultures provide a system for investigating antibody-mediated photoreceptor cell death and demonstrate that anti-recoverin antibodies cause the apoptotic death of rod cells, with no effect on amacrine cells. The results suggest that anti-recoverin antibodies play a key role in the apoptotic death of photoreceptors in CAR. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:706–718, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phage Therapy in Germany—Update 2023 (2023)

Bacteriophage therapy holds promise in addressing the antibiotic-resistance crisis, globally and in Germany. Here, we provide an overview of the current situation (2023) of applied phage therapy and supporting research in Germany. The authors, an interdisciplinary group working on patient-focused bacteriophage research, addressed phage production, phage banks, susceptibility testing, clinical application, ongoing translational research, the regulatory situation, and the network structure in Germany. They identified critical shortcomings including the lack of clinical trials, a paucity of appropriate regulation and a shortage of phages for clinical use. Phage therapy is currently being applied to a limited number of patients as individual treatment trials. There is presently only one site in Germany for large-scale good-manufacturing-practice (GMP) phage production, and one clinic carrying out permission-free production of medicinal products. Several phage banks exist, but due to varying institutional policies, exchange among them is limited. The number of phage research projects has remarkably increased in recent years, some of which are part of structured networks. There is a demand for the expansion of production capacities with defined quality standards, a structured registry of all treated patients and clear therapeutic guidelines. Furthermore, the medical field is still poorly informed about phage therapy. The current status of non-approval, however, may also be regarded as advantageous, as insufficiently restricted use of phage therapy without adequate scientific evidence for effectiveness and safety must be prevented. In close coordination with the regulatory authorities, it seems sensible to first allow some centers to treat patients following the Belgian model. There is an urgent need for targeted networking and funding, particularly of translational research, to help advance the clinical application of phages.
Toll-like receptor 4 and atherogenesis (2003)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in the innate immune response to various microorganisms and other exogenous and endogenous stress factors. Recently, evidence emerged that important inflammatory processes implicit in human atherogenesis are mediated in part via the TLR4/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Polymorphisms of TLR4, which attenuate receptor signalling, enhance the risk of acute severe infections but may have opposite effects on atherogenesis. The aim of this review is to critically discuss current experimental and epidemiological evidence for a role of TLR4 in atherogenesis and to highlight the main controversies and perspectives in this emerging field of vascular biology.
Characterization of a Novel Porin Protein from Moraxella catarrhalis and Identification of an Immunodominant Surface Loop (2005)

Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative bacterium that is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections. In this study we report a novel outer membrane protein (OMP), designated M35, with a molecular mass of 36.1 kDa. This protein was structurally homologous to classic gram-negative porins, such as OMP C from Escherichia coli and OMP K36 from Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a predicted structure of 8 surface loops and 16 antiparallel beta-sheets. The DNA sequences of the genes from 18 diverse clinical isolates showed that the gene was highly conserved (99.6 to 100% of nucleotides), with only one isolate (ID78LN266) having base variations that resulted in amino acid substitutions. Electrophoresis and analysis of recognition of the protein using mouse anti-M35 sera showed that M35 was expressed on the bacterial surface and constitutively expressed across M. catarrhalis isolates, with only ID78LN266 showing poor antibody recognition. Our results showed that the single amino acid mutation in loop 3 significantly affected antibody recognition, indicating that loop 3 appeared to contain an immunodominant B-cell epitope. The antibody specificity to loop 3 may be a potential mechanism for evasion of host immune responses targeted to M35, since loop 3 should theoretically orientate into the porin channel. Thus, M35 is a highly conserved, surface-expressed protein that is of significance for its potential functional role as an M. catarrhalis porin and is of interest as a vaccine candidate.
Modelling of the effects of conduction band fluctuations caused by nitrogen clustering in GaInNAs materials (2010)

This paper focuses in modelling of inhomogeneous broadening of GaInAs quantum dots based on Sugawara model which treats an idealized quantum dot with confined level coupled with wetting layer level. Model is derived by solving set of rate equations which includes the inhomogeneous distribution of electrons, multimode photon density, material grain and temperature dependence. The device is pumped with an electrical current injection.The corresponding output remains minimal until the carrier concentration in QD states reaches threshold and increases rapidly which reduces carrier density and carrier density rises again through carriers recovery from current injection. The cycles repeats itself until steady state is achieved.
Effect of Temperature on the Deterioration of Graphite-Based Negative Electrodes during the Prolonged Cycling of Li-ion Batteries (2022)

In this paper, we report the effects of temperature on the deterioration of graphite-based negative electrodes during the long-term cycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). After cycling 75 Ah pouch-type LIB full cells at temperatures of 45°C (45-Cell) and 25°C (25-Cell) until their end of life, we expected to observe changes in the negative electrode according to the temperature. The thickness of the negative electrode of the cell was greater after cycling; that of the electrode of 45-Cell (144 μm) was greater than that of the electrode of 25-Cell (109 μm). Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that by-products caused this increase in the thickness of the negative electrode. The by-products that formed on the surface of the negative electrode during cycling increased the surface resistance and decreased the electrical conductivity. Voltage profiles showed that the negative electrode of 25-Cell exhibited an 84.7% retention of the initial capacity, whereas that of 45-Cell showed only a 70.3% retention. The results of this study are expected to be relevant to future analyses of the deterioration characteristics of the negative electrode and battery deterioration mechanisms, and are also expected to provide basic data for advanced battery design.
Photolytic interface for high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection of non-volatile N-nitroso compounds (1989)

A photolytic interface between high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a chemiluminescence detector has been developed for the trace detection of non-volatile N-nitroso compounds in biological matrices. A chromatographic effluent containing separated N-nitrosoamino acids and N-nitrosamides is introduced into a glass coil with a purge stream of He and irradiated with ultraviolet light. Nitrogen oxide, cleaved by photolysis, is separated rapidly from the solvent through a series of cold traps and carried by the He into the reaction chamber of a chemiluminescence detector. The method is compatible with most types of HPLC, especially reversed-phase, and yields low-nanogram sensitivity for underivatised N-nitrosoamino acids and N-nitrosamides. The detection of a model N-nitrosamide, trimethylnitrosourea, in spiked porcine gastric fluid (42 micrograms l-1), and of N-nitrosoproline and N-nitroso-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, in spiked human urine (7-8 micrograms l-1), is demonstrated.
Coordinate regulation of two opaque-phase-specific genes during white-opaque switching in Candida albicans (1993)

Cells of Candida albicans WO-1 switch spontaneously and frequently between a white and an opaque CFU. Recently, an opaque-phase-specific cDNA, PEP1, was cloned and was demonstrated to code for a pepsinogen. By using a differential hybridization screen, a second opaque-phase-specific cDNA, Op4, has been isolated and its corresponding gene has been cloned. Op4 is coordinately regulated with PEP1 but resides on a different chromosome. During temperature-induced mass conversion from opaque to white, transcription of PEP1 and Op4 is immediately inhibited by the increase in temperature, but transcription of both genes can be rapidly reestablished by a downshift in temperature prior to phenotypic commitment. However, the capacity to rapidly induce both PEP1 and Op4 is lost coincidentally with the second semisynchronous round of cell division and phenotypic commitment during mass conversion. Op4 shows no significant base or amino acid sequence homology with a known gene or protein, respectively. However, the deduced Op4 protein exhibits several interesting characteristics, including a hydrophobic amino terminus with 26 amino acids, a pI of 10.73 for the last 100 amino acids, two serine repeats adjacent to alanine repeats, and the potential for alpha-helical conformation within the alanine-rich sequences. No genomic reorganization was evident in the proximity of Op4 during transcriptional activation and deactivation accompanying the white-opaque transition.
Single molecule Coordinate and Height super-resolution Imaging with Dithering and Orientation (CHIDO) (2020)

We present a new technique for fluorescence microscopy that allows 3-D localization plus orientation and wobbling characterization. Using a spatially varying birefringent mask the information is encoded in the PSFs of the circularly polarized components.
Data from Efficient Induction of Antitumor Immunity by Synthetic Toll-like Receptor Ligand–Peptide Conjugates (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Chemical conjugates comprising synthetic Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-L) covalently bound to antigenic synthetic long peptides (SLP) are attractive vaccine modalities, which can induce robust CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell immune responses. Previously, we have shown that the mechanism underlying the power of TLR-L SLP conjugates is improved delivery of the antigen together with a dendritic cell activation signal. In the present study, we have expanded the approach to tumor-specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; as well as CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell responses and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies in two nonrelated aggressive tumor models. We show that TLR2-L SLP conjugates have superior mouse CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell priming capacity compared with free SLPs injected together with a free TLR2-L. Vaccination with TLR2-L SLP conjugates leads to efficient induction of antitumor immunity in mice challenged with aggressive transplantable melanoma or lymphoma. Our data indicate that TLR2-L SLP conjugates are suitable to promote integrated antigen-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell responses required for the antitumor effects. Collectively, these data show that TLR2-L SLP conjugates are promising synthetic vaccine candidates for active immunotherapy against cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 2(8); 756–64. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Primary Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Repair Versus Reconstruction: Rates and Risk Factors for Instability Recurrence in a Young, Active Patient Population (2019)

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Time-Frequency Foundations of Communications (2013)

In the tradition of Gabor's 1946 landmark paper [1], we advocate a time-frequency (TF) approach to communications. TF methods for communications have been proposed very early (see the box History). While several tutorial papers and book chapters on the topic are available (see, e.g., [2]-[4] and references therein), the goal of this paper is to present the fundamental aspects in a coherent and easily accessible manner. Specifically, we establish the role of TF methods in communications across a range of subject areas including TF dispersive channels, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), information-theoretic limits, and system identification and channel estimation. Furthermore, we present fundamental results that are stated in the literature for the continuous-time case in simple linear algebra terms.
Inorganic Zn2TiO4 thermal control coatings (1979)

Silicate-bonded zinc orthotitanate thermal control coatings for space applications have been developed. This paper discusses preparation of the pigment, paint formulation and application, and some properties of the coatings. Very high reflectance (low solar absorptance), high emittance, and good stability in an ultraviolet-vacuum environment are indicated for this paint.
Relationship between the prevalence and severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease: Findings from a cross‐sectional study of a referral center in northeast Iran (2022)

The prevalence and severity of NAFLD were independently associated with CAD. Mild NAFLD was primarily observed among patients with normal and non-obstructive coronary artery patients, while severe NAFLD was more frequent in extensive CAD patients with multi-vessel disease.
D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems (2016)

Amino acids are important components for peptides and proteins and act as signal transmitters. Only L-amino acids have been considered necessary in mammals, including humans. However, diverse D-amino acids, such as D-serine, D-aspartate, D-alanine, and D-cysteine, are found in mammals. Physiological roles of these D-amino acids not only in the nervous system but also in the endocrine system are being gradually revealed. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are associated with learning and memory. D-Serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine can all bind to NMDA receptors. H<sub>2</sub>S generated from D-cysteine reduces disulfide bonds in receptors and potentiates their activity. Aberrant receptor activity is related to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are detected in parts of the endocrine system, such as the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, and testis. D-Aspartate is being investigated for the regulation of hormone release from various endocrine organs. Here we focused on recent findings regarding the synthesis and physiological functions of D-amino acids in the nervous and endocrine systems.
Resting and activated endothelial cells are increased in the peripheral blood of cancer patients (2001)

Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were enumerated in 20 healthy controls and 76 newly diagnosed cancer patients by means of 4-color flow cytometry. In breast cancer (n = 46) and lymphoma (n = 30) patients, both resting and activated CECs were increased by 5-fold (P <.0008 vs control). CECs significantly correlated with plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Resting and activated CECs were similar to healthy controls in 7 lymphoma patients achieving complete remission after chemotherapy, and activated CECs were found to decrease in 13 breast cancer patients evaluated before and 24 hours after quadrantectomy. (Blood. 2001;97:3658-3661)
Isotope exchange kinetics in metal hydrides I : TPLUG model. (2011)

A one-dimensional isobaric reactor model is used to simulate hydrogen isotope exchange processes taking place during flow through a powdered palladium bed. This simple model is designed to serve primarily as a platform for the initial development of detailed chemical mechanisms that can then be refined with the aid of more complex reactor descriptions. The one-dimensional model is based on the Sandia in-house code TPLUG, which solves a transient set of governing equations including an overall mass balance for the gas phase, material balances for all of the gas-phase and surface species, and an ideal gas equation of state. An energy equation can also be solved if thermodynamic properties for all of the species involved are known. The code is coupled with the Chemkin package to facilitate the incorporation of arbitrary multistep reaction mechanisms into the simulations. This capability is used here to test and optimize a basic mechanism describing the surface chemistry at or near the interface between the gas phase and a palladium particle. The mechanism includes reversible dissociative adsorptions of the three gas-phase species on the particle surface as well as atomic migrations between the surface and the bulk. The migration steps are more general than those used previously in that they do not require simultaneous movement of two atoms in opposite directions; this makes possible the creation and destruction of bulk vacancies and thus allows the model to account for variations in the bulk stoichiometry with isotopic composition. The optimization code APPSPACK is used to adjust the mass-action rate constants so as to achieve the best possible fit to a given set of experimental data, subject to a set of rigorous thermodynamic constraints. When data for nearly isothermal and isobaric deuterium-to-hydrogen (D {yields} H) and hydrogen-to-deuterium (H {yields} D) exchanges are fitted simultaneously, results for the former are excellent, while those for the latter show pronounced deviations at long times. These discrepancies can be overcome by postulating the presence of a surface poison such as carbon monoxide, but this explanation is highly speculative. When the method is applied to D {yields} H exchanges intentionally poisoned by known amounts of CO, the fitting results are noticeably degraded from those for the nominally CO-free system but are still tolerable. When TPLUG is used to simulate a blowdown-type experiment, which is characterized by large and rapid changes in both pressure and temperature, discrepancies are even more apparent. Thus, it can be concluded that the best use of TPLUG is not in simulating realistic exchange scenarios, but in extracting preliminary estimates for the kinetic parameters from experiments in which variations in temperature and pressure are intentionally minimized.
Applet of Fabry-Perot interferometer (2010)

Part of Joptics, an ensemble of teaching resources for Physical Optics at university level as part of physics or optics and optometry studies. http://www.ub.edu/javaoptics/index-en.html
The price of the CD27–CD70 costimulatory axis: you can't have it all (2006)

T cells require costimulatory signals for optimal proliferation, differentiation, and survival and thus to induce protective immune responses. Recent data, however, show that during chronic lymphocyte choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, triggering of the costimulatory receptor CD27 by its ligand CD70 impedes neutralizing antibody production and leads to viral persistence. Thus, while being crucial for the induction of some adaptive effector pathways, costimulation may block the development of others. Pathogens may exploit this Achilles' heal to achieve persistence.
In vitro glucuronidation of ABT-751, a novel anticancer agent (2004)

ABT-751 is an oral antimitotic agent in phase 2 development. In cancer patients, ABT-751 is extensively metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfation. To identify the UGT isoforms involved in ABT-751 glucuronidation, we have determined maximum turnover (Vmax) and affinity constant (Km) of pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) and commercially available human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs, 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B4, 2B7, 2B15, 2B17) for ABT-751. Formation of ABT-751 glucuronide was measured by HPLC. The kinetic properties of ABT-751 glucuronidation in HLM and the UGTs with the highest Vmax/Km values are shown below: (See Table) Other UGTs showed considerably lower and slower production of ABT-751 glucuronide. Our data suggest that 1A8, 1A4, 1A1 and 2B7 are the main isoforms responsible for ABT-751 glucuronidation. 1A8 is expressed in the intestinal tract and might be involved in ABT-751 absorption. 1A4, 1A1 and 2B7 are expressed in the liver and gastrointestinal tract and so might also be involved in ABT-751 hepatic metabolism. Future studies will evaluate the effect of 1A8, 1A4, 1A1 and 2B7 gene variation on ABT-751 pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. We are conducting similar experiments to identify the sulfotransferases involved in ABT-751 sulfation. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P86–P86; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.328 Vmax (pmol/min/mg) (mean±SE) Km(μM) (mean±SE) Vmax/Km (μl/min/mg) HLM (pooled) 150.9 ± 6.5 114.2 ± 16.2 1.3 1A1 60.0 ± 1.7 82.8 ± 7.8 0.7 1A4 54.3 ± 1.5 43.3 ± 5.3 1.3 1A8 141.9 ± 5.7 36.7 ± 7.1 3.9 2B7 41.8 ± 0.8 58.4 ± 4.5 0.7
Examples Where The Conjunctive And Dempster’S Rules Are Insensitive (2014)

In this paper we present several counter-examples to the Conjunctive rule and to Dempster rule of combinations in information fusion.
A New Method for Generating Swirl Inlet Distortion for Jet Engine Research (2013)

Jet engines operate by ingesting incoming air, adding momentum to it, and exhausting it through a nozzle to produce thrust. Because of their reliance on an inlet stream, jet engines are very sensitive to inlet flow nonuniformities. This makes the study of the effects of inlet nonuniformities essential to improving jet engine performance. Swirl distortion is the presence of flow angle nonuniformity in the inlet stream of a jet engine. Although several attempts have been made to accurately reproduce swirl distortion profiles in a testing environment, there has yet to be a proven method to do so. A new method capable of recreating any arbitrary swirl distortion profile is needed in order to expand the capabilities of inlet distortion testing. This will allow designers to explore how an engine would react to a particular engine airframe combination as well as methods for creating swirl distortion tolerant engines. The following material will present such a method as well as experimental validation of its effectiveness.