gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis, Design, and Comparison of Machine-Learning Techniques for Networking Intrusion Detection (2021)

The use of machine-learning techniques is becoming more and more frequent in solving all those problems where it is difficult to rationally interpret the process of interest. Intrusion detection in networked systems is a problem in which, although it is not fundamental to interpret the measures that one is able to obtain from a process, it is important to obtain an answer from a classification algorithm if the network traffic is characterized by anomalies (and hence, there is a high probability of an intrusion) or not. Due to the increased adoption of SW-defined autonomous systems that are distributed and interconnected, the probability of a cyber attack is increased, as well as its consequence in terms of system reliability, availability, and even safety. In this work, we present the application of different machine-learning models to the problem of anomaly classification in the context of local area network (LAN) traffic analysis. In particular, we present the application of a K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and of an artificial neural network (ANN) to realize an algorithm for intrusion detection systems (IDS). The dataset used in this work is representative of the communication traffic in common LAN networks in military application in particular typical US Air Force LAN. This work presents a training phase of the different models based on a multidimensional-scaling preprocessing procedure, based on different metrics, to provide higher performance and generalization with respect to model prediction capability. The obtained results of KNN and ANN classifiers are compared with respect to a commonly used index of performance for classifiers evaluation.
Apilimod alters TGFβ signaling pathway and prevents cardiac fibrotic remodeling (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> TGFβ signaling pathway controls tissue fibrotic remodeling, a hallmark in many diseases leading to organ injury and failure. In this study, we address the role of Apilimod, a pharmacological inhibitor of the lipid kinase PIKfyve, in the regulation of cardiac pathological fibrotic remodeling and TGFβ signaling pathway. <b>Methods:</b> The effects of Apilimod treatment on myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy and cardiac function were assessed <i>in vivo</i> in a mouse model of pressure overload-induced heart failure. Primary cardiac fibroblasts and HeLa cells treated with Apilimod as well as genetic mutation of PIKfyve in mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used as cell models. <b>Results:</b> When administered <i>in vivo</i>, Apilimod reduced myocardial interstitial fibrosis development and prevented left ventricular dysfunction. <i>In vitro</i>, Apilimod controlled TGFβ-dependent activation of primary murine cardiac fibroblasts. Mechanistically, both Apilimod and genetic mutation of PIKfyve induced TGFβ receptor blockade in intracellular vesicles, negatively modulating its downstream signaling pathway and ultimately dampening TGFβ response. <b>Conclusions:</b> Altogether, our findings propose a novel function for PIKfyve in the control of myocardial fibrotic remodeling and the TGFβ signaling pathway, therefore opening the way to new therapeutic perspectives to prevent adverse fibrotic remodeling using Apilimod treatment.
Mode of Action of Illudin S (1973)

The effect of the antitumor antibiotic illudin S on bacterial macromolecular synthesis was investigated. Illudin S was found to be inhibitory to in vivo deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis from thymidine. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis was inhibited only at a concentration of illudin S 10 times that which inhibited DNA synthesis. The rate of protein synthesis remained the same except for a brief initial inhibition. When thymidine triphosphate was used for in vitro DNA synthesis, inhibition by illudin S did not occur, as tested with partially purified DNA polymerase II from Escherichia coli pol A(1) (-), with E. coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, with E. coli pol A(1) (-) spheroplasts, and with frozen and thawed Bacillus subtilis cells. A protein fraction isolated from B. subtilis capable of forming thymidine mono-, di-, and triphosphates from thymidine was not inhibited by illudin S. Furthermore, (14)C-illudin S taken up by B. subtilis cells was reisolated unchanged, making an intracellular activation of illudin S unlikely. Therefore, an attractive hypothesis is that illudin S inhibits DNA synthesis from thymidine which does not proceed through deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, the generally accepted substrates for DNA synthesis.
Predictors of Incomplete Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy (CE) (2009)

Purpose: CE is an established technique for the evaluation of small bowel pathology. Once activated, the video capsule has a battery life of approximately 8 hrs. Delayed gastric and/or small bowel transit can result in incomplete CE where the capsule fails to reach the cecum. The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence and to identify the predictors of incomplete CE. Methods: Consecutive patients completing CE between 1/2003 and 12/2006 were studied (n=624). Patient demographics, indication of the procedure, medical history, surgical history, medications, prior imaging studies (gastric emptying study, small bowel barium study, CT enterography), capsule findings, and gastric transit time (GTT) were retrieved from our institutional endoscopy database and chart review. Incomplete CE was defined as failure of the capsule to reach the cecum prior to loss of battery power. Multivariate logistic regression controlled for gender, age and other potential clinical confounders were used to evaluate the association between a priori clinical characteristics and failure to have a complete CE. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05 and estimates are presented as proportions or mean (SD). Results: CE was completed in 75% (475) of patients {55% women, age 62(17) yrs}. CE was incomplete in 24% (149) of patients {54% women, age 61(18) yrs}. The primary indications for CE were anemia (40%), GI bleed (26%), abdominal pain (16%), and diarrhea (10%). No significant differences were found between groups for age, gender, BMI, medication use, inpatient vs. outpatient status, diabetes or other comorbidities. Prior bowel surgery (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.19-4.07) and a history of Crohn's disease (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.17-3.19) were independent predictors of an incomplete CE. The odds of an incomplete CE were increased with a history of small bowel surgery (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.07-5.38) or a history of colonic surgery (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.20-4.09), but not gastric surgery. The GTT was significantly longer in patients where the CE did not reach the cecum. The mean difference was 36 minutes (mts) (38 vs. 74mts, 95% CI, 20-51 mts). A GTT of more than 2 hours was associated with significantly higher likelihood of incomplete CE (OR 6.89; 95% CI 3.87-12.26). Conclusion: Incomplete capsule exams to the cecum were relatively high in this clinical cohort of patients. Previous small bowel or colonic surgery and/or Crohn's disease increase the likelihood of an incomplete study.
Optimal framework for low bit-rate block coders (2004)

Block coders are among the most common compression tools available for still images and video sequences. Their low computational complexity along with their good performance make them a popular choice for compression of natural images. Yet, at low bit-rates, block coders introduce visually annoying artifacts into the image. One approach that alleviates this problem is to downsample the image, apply the coding algorithm, and interpolate back to the original resolution. In this paper, we consider the use of optimal decimation and interpolation filters in this scheme. We first consider only optimization of the interpolation filter, by formulating the problem as least-squares minimization. We then consider the joint optimization over both the decimation and the interpolation filters, using the variable projection method. The experimental results presented clearly exhibit a significant improvement over other approaches.
Nature and Properties of Some Introouced Teak ( Tectona grandis ) Growing Soils of North-west Bengal (1987)

Nature and properties of some introduced teak ( Tectona grandis ) growing solis of Nort-west Bengal were studied in order to evaluate the characteristics of the solis supporting the species. It was found that since teak was growing well in the area, the characteristics and nature of the solis must be favourable for the growth and development of the species. Information from other good teak growing areas will help to generalise the range of the characteristics of the soils suitable for the species.
The analysis of GSM-R redundant network and reliability models on high-speed railway (2010)

As a special digital mobile communication system designed for railway applications, GSM-R can provide voice and data services, as well as the basis of train control system on high-speed railways. Because of the rigid demands of train security, it is important to predict the network reliability of GSM-R network. Therefore, the redundant architecture of GSM-R network is widely used to guarantee its reliability. This paper presents the reliability models of different GSM-R redundant network. By calculating the reliabilities of each reliable model, it is clear that more redundant the architecture is, more reliable the system will be, and the whole system would bear a less failure time per year as the benefit. Meanwhile, as the redundancy of a system raises, its equipments and maintenance will cost much, and the delays in inter-BSC handoff and inter-MSC handoff cannot be ignored. From the standpoint of network hardware equipment and transmission system failure, the reliability of co-sited base station redundant network equals that of intercross base station network, while the viability of intercross base station redundant network is better than co-sited one in natural disasters.
Lamellar Refractive Surgery with Scanned Intrastromal Picosecond and Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Animal Eyes (1998)

In contrast to previous attempts using picosecond lasers which require additional mechanical dissection, high precision lamellar refractive surgery may be practical with femtosecond laser pulses.
A Genetic Selection for dinB Mutants Reveals an Interaction between DNA Polymerase IV and the Replicative Polymerase That Is Required for Translesion Synthesis (2015)

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) by specialized DNA polymerases (Pols) is a conserved mechanism for tolerating replication blocking DNA lesions. The actions of TLS Pols are managed in part by ring-shaped sliding clamp proteins. In addition to catalyzing TLS, altered expression of TLS Pols impedes cellular growth. The goal of this study was to define the relationship between the physiological function of Escherichia coli Pol IV in TLS and its ability to impede growth when overproduced. To this end, 13 novel Pol IV mutants were identified that failed to impede growth. Subsequent analysis of these mutants suggest that overproduced levels of Pol IV inhibit E. coli growth by gaining inappropriate access to the replication fork via a Pol III-Pol IV switch that is mechanistically similar to that used under physiological conditions to coordinate Pol IV-catalyzed TLS with Pol III-catalyzed replication. Detailed analysis of one mutant, Pol IV-T120P, and two previously described Pol IV mutants impaired for interaction with either the rim (Pol IVR) or the cleft (Pol IVC) of the β sliding clamp revealed novel insights into the mechanism of the Pol III-Pol IV switch. Specifically, Pol IV-T120P retained complete catalytic activity in vitro but, like Pol IVR and Pol IVC, failed to support Pol IV TLS function in vivo. Notably, the T120P mutation abrogated a biochemical interaction of Pol IV with Pol III that was required for Pol III-Pol IV switching. Taken together, these results support a model in which Pol III-Pol IV switching involves interaction of Pol IV with Pol III, as well as the β clamp rim and cleft. Moreover, they provide strong support for the view that Pol III-Pol IV switching represents a vitally important mechanism for regulating TLS in vivo by managing access of Pol IV to the DNA.
A novel DPCM algorithm using a nonlinear operator (2002)

Differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) has found many applications in both intraframe and interframe coding of images. To improve its performance, several adaptive techniques have been introduced, but they make the resulting DPCM systems very complicated. In this work, we introduce a nonlinear scheme of predictive coding to exploiting spatial redundancy and amplitude redundancy of images based on the characteristics of the human visual system. The proposed scheme consists of a novel nonlinear algorithm to generate new information and a new compandor model of uniform quantization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Notch signaling regulates the differentiation of post-mitotic intestinal epithelial cells (2005)

The intestinal epithelium comprises differentiated cells of four lineages maintained by precursor cells. As the Notch pathway controls the fate of proliferating cells in many systems, we investigated the effect of conditional expression of an activated Notch mutant in intestinal epithelium. An increase in the number of goblet cells occurs within 8 h of induction, due to an effect of Notch on post-mitotic cells, not on precursors. This observation broadens the role of Notch into controlling postmitotic differentiation and indicates that the composition of the epithelium is not solely determined by progenitor cells.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou, China, 2013–2014 (2015)

Norovirus (NoV) infection is the most common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis, which affects both adults and children. However, the molecular epidemiology of NoV in adults with acute gastroenteritis in China has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of NoV infections and analyzed the genetic diversity of NoV in adults with acute gastroenteritis in Huzhou, China. A total of 796 fecal samples were collected from outpatients (≥16 years of age) between March 2013 and February 2014. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). For genotyping, the capsid and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes were partially amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. NoVs were detected in 26.51% (211/796) of the specimens, with GII being predominant, representing 96.20% of the NoV infections. At least nine genotypes were identified among GI and GII specimens, including GI.P2/GI.2, GI.P3/GI.3, GI.P4/GI.4, GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.P7/GII.6, GII.P16/GII.13, GII.Pe, and GII.Pg (RdRp only). This is the first report of a GII.P16/GII.13 recombinant virus in adults in China. GII.Pe/GII.4 Sydney_2012 was the most prevalent genotype and the only GII.4 variant identified during the study period. Our findings suggested that NoV was a common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in adults in Huzhou, China. During the study period, the NoVs circulating in adults in Huzhou were predominantly GII.4 Sydney_2012 variants and GII NoV recombinants.
Enhancing LTE - WiFi interoperability using context aware criteria for handover decision (2013)

To improve the interworking between LTE and WiFi wireless technologies, an efficient handover mechanism is proposed. Dynamic and critical measures like mobile-assisted parameters are inserted to the Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) entity defined by 3GPP standard. Moreover, Context Aware (CA) decision algorithm is integrated within the ANDSF server so that the inserted measurements are expeditiously invested to improve the handover decision policy. The performance enhancement of the proposed model compared to the traditional one is shown by numerical simulations.
Quantification of Microstructural Change at the Interface between (La,Sr)MnO3+δ Cathode and YSZ Electrolyte Upon Discharge Operation (2011)

The microstructural change at the interface between LSM cathode and YSZ electrolyte upon discharge was quantitatively evaluated by FIB-SEM technique to elucidate the activation process of cathode. The performance of the cell was enhanced soon after the current passage up to ca. 5 h at 1000°C due to the reduction in cathodic impedance. In response to this behavior, the LSM/YSZ interfacial structure changed depending on the time duration of discharge; the roughness of YSZ surface both in and out of contact with LSM increased. Furthermore, the closed pores were formed at the well-adhered LSM/YSZ interface. The TPB-length of the as-prepared sample was evaluated to be 1.26 μm/μm2, whereas after the discharge at 200 mA/cm2 for 300 min the total TPB-length was increased to 1.72 μm/μm2. In the latter case, however, the active TPB-length was 1.35 μm/μm2. Then the contribution rate of TPB-length to the performance enhancement of cathode was discussed.
Formalizing the safety of Java, the Java virtual machine, and Java card (2001)

We review the existing literature on Java safety, emphasizing formal approaches, and the impact of Java safety on small footprint devices such as smartcards. The conclusion is that although a lot of good work has been done, a more concerted effort is needed to build a coherent set of machine-readable formal models of the whole of Java and its implementation. This is a formidable task but we believe it is essential to build trust in Java safety, and thence to achieve ITSEC level 6 or Common Criteria level 7 certification for Java programs.
The use of handheld ultrasound devices: a position statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (2018 update) (2018)

Recent technological advances in echocardiography, with progressive miniaturization of ultrasound machines, have led to the development of handheld ultrasound devices (HUD). These devices, no larger than some mobile phones, can be used to perform partial, focused exams as an extension to the physical examination. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) acknowledges that the dissemination of appropriate HUD use is inevitable and desirable, because of its potential impact on patient management. However, as a scientific society of cardiac imaging, our role is to provide guidance in order to optimize patient benefit and minimize drawbacks from inappropriate use of this technology. This document provides updated recommendations for the use of HUD, including nomenclature, appropriateness, indications, operators, clinical environments, data management and storage, educational needs, and training of potential users. It also addresses gaps in evidence, controversial issues, and future technological developments.
Bootstrapping personal gesture shortcuts with the wisdom of the crowd and handwriting recognition (2012)

Personal user-defined gesture shortcuts have shown great potential for accessing the ever-growing amount of data and computing power on touchscreen mobile devices. However, their lack of scalability is a major challenge for their wide adoption. In this paper, we present Gesture Marks, a novel approach to touch-gesture interaction that allows a user to access applications and websites using gestures without having to define them first. It offers two distinctive solutions to address the problem of scalability. First, it leverages the "wisdom of the crowd", a continually evolving library of gesture shortcuts that are collected from the user population, to infer the meaning of gestures that a user never defined himself. Second, it combines an extensible template-based gesture recognizer with a specialized handwriting recognizer to even better address handwriting-based gestures, which are a common form of gesture shortcut. These approaches effectively bootstrap a user's personal gesture library, alleviating the need to define most gestures manually. Our work was motivated and validated via a series of user studies, and the findings from these studies add to the body of knowledge on gesture-based interaction.
Research of Application of Energy Storage Technology on Renewable Energy (2018)

Energy storage technology is the key technology of storing and releasing electric energy through certain medium or device. The technology can achieve controllable and stable output of renewable energy, which meets the requirements of large-scale utilization of renewable energy. In this paper, the development status, technical characteristics and application fields of energy storage technology were briefly introduced, and the factors that restrict the development of energy storage technology were discussed. The situation of wind power consumption in Liaoning power grid was analyzed in this paper, and the effect of improving power quality and peak shaving when the energy storage system applied on wind power station was analyzed in depth, which may provide theoretical guidance on the promotion and application of energy storage technology in the field of renewable energy.
Fiber Optic Sensor Development for Real-Time In-Situ Epoxy Cure Monitoring (1997)

Analysis of a new fiber optic sensor based on the principle of Fresnel reflection is presented in order to develop a robust, flexible, readily embedded, high sensitivity and low-cost cure monitoring tool for intelligent control of composite manufacturing. This approach is distinct from previous work on on-line in-situ monitoring sensors in that the transducer is simply the fiber optic/epoxy interface. This leads to a more simple, less intrusive, and lower cost sensing system. The response of the sensor is a function of the mismatch in refractive index between the fiber optic end/resin interface. The refractive index of the resin is a nonlinear function of the temperature and the cure reaction of the resin. The sensing system detects the mismatch in the refractive index and generates a characteristic profile that gives the chemorheological information about the curing resin. Under isothermal cure conditions, the effect of the temperature on the refractive index mismatch can be eliminated. In this situation, the optical response of the sensor is only dependent on the cure kinetics and the state of the cross-linking in the material. A calibration method has been developed to interpret the optical response directly as the degree-of-cure of the resin. This work provides analysis of the fundamental sensor response and correlates it to the material state (degree-of-cure). These results provide a basis for extending the use of this sensor technology for on-line real-time cure monitoring and control.
Sustainable and versatile functionalization of graphene layers (2019)

Facile, sustainable and versatile functionalization of graphene layers was performed. Functional groups were essentially at the layer edges and the structure of the graphitic substrate remained substantially unaltered. Functionalization was done with pyrrole compounds (PyC) prepared through the Paal-Knorr reaction of a primary amine with 2,5-hexanedione. A good number of primary amines were used and a large variety of functional groups were added to the graphene layers: hydroxy, silanes, aldehydes, carboxylic acid. The functionalization reactions were carried out by simply mixing the reagents and heating, e.g at 150°C for 3 hours. The reactions had good yield, up to 96%, and atom efficiency up to 80% and scale up was done to kg level. A domino process has been hypothesized as the mechanism of the functionalization reaction, made by successive Paal Knorr reaction, carbocatalyzed oxidation and cycloaddition. A good number of applications have been successfully explored: inks and varnishes, advanced lightweight nanocomposites materials, e.g.: rubbers for low dissipation of energy, flame retardant polyurethanes, biobased carbon papers and aerogels. The intellectual property of this functionalization technology is characterized by many families of Patents.