gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Booster Station: Results Of Extensive Testing And Post-Test Inspection (1994)

ABSTRACT The complete Kvaener Booster Station has undergone extensive underwater testing in its test tank in the two-phase laboratory at Tiller, Trondheim, Norway. The whole range of steady state performance testing up to 11 000 Barrels/Day of liquid and/or 7.0 million SCF/Day of gas has proved the basic concept. Additionally, significant development of the process control system has resulted in understanding and excellent control of both upstream slug flow and pressured low variations from a simulated well scenario and also the downstream pressure/flow variations representing long, undulating flow lines followed by a riser. Handling of foaming fluids has been achieved, including exceptional foam into the compressor. The paper presents a brief description of the KBS, the test facilities and the results of the testing. It considers the implications to the user/operator, together with the conclusions from the post-testing inspection. The Kvaener Booster Station is now considered to k qualifield for use on a subsea application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE BOOSTER STATION. General The function of the KBS is to increase the pressure in a flowing hydrocarbon stream. As such it is a multiphase pump. The KBS however, separates the flow into a pumpable liquid and a compressible gas. The two phases are then increased in pressure in separate pump and compressor, both electrically driven, and both using known and proven technology. The resulting streams at higher pressures can then be recombined into one flowline or sent in two separate flowlines to the receiving facility. The KBS is divided into three main modules; separator and cyclone scrubber module, pump module; and compressor module. These can be individually sized and configured to suit the application. Figure 1 is a cutaway section of the first KBS, which has a nominal capacity of 10000 Barrels/Day of liquids and 12000 ACF/Hr (or approximately 4.5 million SCF/Day) of gas. The whole KBS tits inside the standard API guide-post spacing, is about 12 meters (40 fi) high and weighs about 50 tonnes as shown in figure 1. The modules are mounted one above the other with the pump at the bottom, the separator in the middle and the compressor at the top. Although the KBS at first sight seems complex, it is in fact very simple compared to similar topsides equipment and even the apparently simpler multiphase pump, when all auxilliary equipment has been added. All non-essential equipment has been eliminated. The remaining equipment has been configured in detail by some of Europe's leading suppliers. Only through these routes has it been possible to build in the necessary level of inherent reliability. Maximum use has been made of the subsea environment of water under pressure, and the fact that it is inaccessible.
Rates of cholesterol esterification and esterified cholesterol net mass transfer between high‐density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins in Type 1 diabetes (2002)

Increases in TG may therefore promote more EC enrichment of atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in Type 1 diabetes while also promoting more cholesterol esterification, thereby maintaining HDL cholesterol concentrations. This could contribute to the paradox of high CHD incidence despite normal or high HDL cholesterol concentrations in Type 1 diabetes.
Electro-less Copper Deposition on ABS Plastic (2009)

CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared in the ratios of 20:30:50 respectively, using the coprecipitation method of Cu, Zn and Al carbonates from their nitrate solutions dissolved in distilled water by adding sodium bicarbonate as precipitant.The catalyst was identified by XRD and quantitatively analysis to determine the percentages of its components using flame atomic absorption technique. Also the surface area was measured by BET method. The activity of this prepared catalyst was examined through the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde which was evaluated by gas chromatography.
Optimal design of PM assisted synchronous reluctance generators using lumped parameter model and Differential Evolution Strategy (2009)

This paper presents the design of high performance permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance generators (PMa-SynRG) for the 3 kW tactical quiet generator set. By introducing a proper quantity of permanent magnets into the synchronous reluctance generator rotor core an extended constant power-speed range at high efficiency and high power factor can be achieved. Different stator winding configurations i.e. distributed winding and concentrated winding of PMa-SynRG are compared using an analytical model based on lumped parameter model (LPM). For comparison, initially the distributed winding machine is optimized using differential evolution strategy (DES) and then the rotor structure of concentrated winding machine is optimized using the same stator. Finally, output performances are compared using finite element analysis. This design process is developed for optimized design of PMa-SynRG with minimum magnet volume, cogging torque and maximum efficiency and power factor.
Thermoplastic Folded Honeycomb Cores � Cost Efficient Production of All Thermoplastic Sandwich Panels (2013)

status: Published
Critical-angle scattering of laser light from bubbles in water: measurements, models, and application to sizing of bubbles (1984)

Critical-angle scattering of laser light from bubbles was photographed, and angular structures in the far-zone intensity are compared with models. The radii of the freely rising bubbles were in the 26.4–814-μm range. Deviation from sphericity for the rising bubbles is considered. Diffraction effects make simple geometric optics inadequate near the critical angle. Coarse-structure intensity oscillations show agreement with a physical-optics approximation and with Mie theory. Measurements agree with derived expressions for the angular spacings of fine structure and contrast modulations. Uses of these structures in different bubble-sizing methods are discussed. The locations of scattered-wave virtual sources are modeled.
An Anatomic Study of the Calcaneal Bursae in the Horse (2007)

The GCB may be an alternative site for synoviocentesis when there is septic calcaneal bursitis. Improved knowledge of calcaneal bursae anatomy may aid in diagnosis and treatment of lesions involving these structures.
Electrochemical Properties of APCVD α‐Fe 2 O 3 Nanoparticles at 300 o C (2016)

Abstract The growth of hematite (Fe III oxide) by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition was possible at 300 o C by controlling the nitrogen flow rate through the iron precursor bubbler. An increase of crystallinity along with the presence of compact interconnected nanoparticles was observed upon increasing the nitrogen flow rate. The amount of incorporated charge was the highest for the 0.6 L min −1 coating presenting reversibility after a period of 1400 s as obtained from chronoamperometry measurements. Additionally, the charge transfer of lithium‐ions across the Fe III oxide / electrolyte interface was easier enhancing its performance presenting capacitance retention of 94 % after 500 scans. The importance of nitrogen flow rate towards the deposition of an anode with good stability and effective electrochemical behavior is highlighted.
Improved Discrimination of Tumors with Low and Heterogeneous EGFR Expression in Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Through Paired-Agent Protocols (2021)

The quantitative receptor delineation of PAI promises to improve the surgical therapeutic index of cancer resection in a clinically relevant timeline.
Efficient Memoization Algorithms for Query Optimization: Top-Down Join Enumeration through Memoization on the Basis of Hypergraphs (2014)

For a DBMS that provides support for a declarative query language like SQL, the query optimizer is a crucial piece of software. The declarative nature of a query allows it to be translated into many equivalent evaluation plans. The process of choosing a suitable plan from all alternatives is known as query optimization. The basis of this choice are a cost model and statistics over the data. Essential for the costs of a plan is the execution order of join operations in ist operator tree, since the runtime of plans with different join orders can vary by several orders of magnitude. An exhaustive search for an optimal solution over all possible operator trees is computationally infeasible. To decrease complexity, the search space must be restricted. Therefore, a well-accepted heuristic is applied: All possible bushy join trees are considered, while cross products are excluded from the search. There are two efficient approaches to identify the best plan: bottom-up and top- down join enumeration. But only the top-down approach allows for branch-and-bound pruning, which can improve compile time by several orders of magnitude, while still preserving optimality. Hence, this book focuses on the top-down join enumeration. In the first part, we present two efficient graph-partitioning algorithms suitable for top-down join enumer- ation. However, as we will see, there are two severe limitations: The proposed algo- rithms can handle only (1) simple (binary) join predicates and (2) inner joins. Therefore, the second part adopts one of the proposed partitioning strategies to overcome those limitations. Furthermore, we propose a more generic partitioning framework that enables every graph-partitioning algorithm to handle join predicates involving more than two relations, and outer joins as well as other non-inner joins. As we will see, our framework is more efficient than the adopted graph-partitioning algorithm. The third part of this book discusses the two branch-and-bound prunin
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Pituitary Adenoma: A Single Institute Experience (2014)

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign neuroendocrine tumor; however, the incidence and proportion of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients remain unknown. Authors analyzed 506 surgically resected and pathologically proven pituitary lesions of the Seoul National University Hospital from 2006 to 2011. The lesions were categorized as: PAs (n = 422, 83.4%), Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) (n = 54, 10.6%), inflammatory lesions (n = 8, 1.6%), meningiomas (n = 4), craniopharyngiomas (n = 4), granular cell tumors (n = 1), metastatic renal cell carcinomas (n = 2), germinomas (n = 1), ependymomas (n = 1), and unsatisfactory specimens (n = 9, 1.8%). PAs were slightly more prevalent in women (M: F = 1:1.17) with a mean age of 48.8 yr (9-80 yr). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that prolactin-producing PAs (16.6%) and growth hormone-producing adenomas (9.2%) were the most common functional PAs. Plurihormonal PAs and nonfunctioning (null cell) adenomas were found in 14.9% and 42.4% of patients with PAs, respectively. The recurrence rate of PAs was 11.1%, but nearly 0% for the remaining benign lesions such as RCCs. 25.4% of patients with PAs were treated by gamma-knife after surgery due to residual tumors or regrowth of residual tumor. In conclusion, the pituitary lesions and the proportions of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients are similar to those of previous reports except nonfunctioning (null cell) PAs, which are unusually frequent.
Creeping discharge and flashover of solid dielectric in air at atmospheric pressure: experiment and modelling (2016)

This paper is aimed at the study of the propagation of discharge at the surface of solid insulator and the development of an analytical model of flashover in air. The experimental results show that the critical conditions of flashover are met when the discharge reaches the half of creeping distance. Using electrical equivalent circuit and the impedance criterion, we developed a relationship giving the flashover voltage (FOV). This formula evidences the fact that flashover voltage depends on the discharge temperature, the capacitance and the resistance of solid insulator, and the propagation conditions of the discharge. We also show that the computed FOV are in a good accordance with the experimental data.
Intracellular Localization and Preassembly of the NADPH Oxidase Complex in Cultured Endothelial Cells (2002)

The phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase expressed in endothelial cells differs from the neutrophil enzyme in that it exhibits low level activity even in the absence of agonist stimulation, and it generates intracellular reactive oxygen species. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. We studied the subcellular location of (a) oxidase subunits and (b) functionally active enzyme in unstimulated endothelial cells. Confocal microscopy revealed co-localization of the major oxidase subunits, i.e. gp91(phox), p22(phox), p47(phox), and p67(phox), in a mainly perinuclear distribution. Plasma membrane biotinylation experiments confirmed the predominantly (>90%) intracellular distribution of gp91(phox) and p22(phox). After subcellular protein fractionation, approximately 50% of the gp91(phox) (91-kDa band), p22(phox), p67(phox), and p40(phox) pools and approximately 30% of the p47(phox) were present in the 1475 x g ("nucleus-rich") fraction. Likewise, approximately 50% of total NADPH-dependent O(2)() production (assessed by lucigenin (5 microm) chemiluminescence) was found in the 1475 x g fraction. Co-immunoprecipitation studies and measurement of NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species production (cytochrome c reduction assay) demonstrated that p22(phox), gp91(phox), p47(phox), p67(phox), and p40(phox) existed as a functional complex in the cytoskeletal fraction. These results indicate that, in contrast to the neutrophil enzyme, a substantial proportion of the NADPH oxidase in unstimulated endothelial cells exists as a preassembled intracellular complex associated with the cytoskeleton.
Ammonium transport by the colonic H+-K+-ATPase expressed in Xenopusoocytes (1999)

Functional expression of the rat colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase was obtained by coexpressing its catalytic alpha-subunit and the beta(1)-subunit of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We observed that, in oocytes expressing the rat colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase but not in control oocytes (expressing beta(1) alone), NH(4)Cl induced a decrease in (86)Rb uptake and the initial rate of intracellular acidification induced by extracellular NH(4)Cl was enhanced, consistent with NH(+)(4) influx via the colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase. In the absence of extracellular K(+), only oocytes expressing the colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase were able to acidify an extracellular medium supplemented with NH(4)Cl. In the absence of extracellular K(+) and in the presence of extracellular NH(+)(4), intracellular Na(+) activity in oocytes expressing the colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase was lower than that in control oocytes. A kinetic analysis of (86)Rb uptake suggests that NH(+)(4) acts as a competitive inhibitor of the pump. Taken together, these results are consistent with NH(+)(4) competition for K(+) on the external site of the colonic H(+)-K(+)-ATPase and with NH(+)(4) transport mediated by this pump.
FPGA Based High Performance Double-Precision Matrix Multiplication (2009)

We present two designs (I and II) for IEEE 754 double precision floating point matrix multiplication, an important kernel in many tile-based BLAS algorithms, optimized for implementation on high-end FPGAs. The designs, both based on the rank-1 update scheme, can handle arbitrary matrix sizes, and are able to sustain their peak performance except during an initial latency period. Through these designs, the trade-offs involved in terms of local-memory and bandwidth for an FPGA implementation are demonstrated and an analysis is presented for the optimal choice of design parameters. The designs, implemented on a Virtex-5 SX240T FPGA, scale gracefully from 1 to 40 processing elements(PEs) with a less than 1% degradation in the design frequency of 373 MHz. With 40 PEs and a design speed of 373 MHz, a sustained performance of 29.8 GFLOPS is possible with a bandwidth requirement of 750 MB/s for design-II and 5.9 GB/s for design-I.
Characterization and identification of diarylheptanoids in ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2007)

In our continuing investigation of diarylheptanoids in Zingiberaceae plants using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), 26 diarylheptanoids were identified from fresh ginger rhizome. Of the 26 compounds, 15 diarylheptanoids appear to be new compounds. In addition, the majority of these compounds (18) were acetylated, which is different from our investigation of diarylheptanoids from turmeric, another member of the Zingiberaceae, which did not possess any acetylated diarylheptanoids. In all, five distinct groups (homologous series) of diarylheptanoids were found in extracts from ginger rhizome. These groups were differentiated by structural differences on the heptane skeletons, whereas homologs within each group differed by substitution patterns on the aromatic rings. Diagnostic fragmentation behavior in (+)- and (-)ESI-MS/MS analyses for each group of homologs, as well as information regarding polarity obtained from retention time data, allowed us to classify compounds by group and identify them based on key structural features.
Identification of novel HIV-1-derived HLA-E-binding peptides (2018)

Non-classical class Ib MHC-E molecule is becoming an increasingly interesting component of the immune response. It is involved in both the adaptive and innate immune responses to several chronic infections including HIV-1 and, under very specific circumstances, likely mediated a unique vaccine protection of rhesus macaques against pathogenic SIV challenge. Despite being recently in the spotlight for HIV-1 vaccine development, to date there is only one reported human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E-binding peptide derived from HIV-1. In an effort to help start understanding the possible functions of HLA-E in HIV-1 infection, we determined novel HLA-E binding peptides derived from HIV-1 Gag, Pol and Vif proteins. These peptides were identified in three independent assays, all quantifying cell-surface stabilization of HLA-E*01:01 or HLA-E*01:03 molecules upon peptide binding, which was detected by HLA-E-specific monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Thus, following initial screen of over 400 HIV-1-derived 15-mer peptides, 4 novel 9-mer peptides PM9, RL9, RV9 and TP9 derived from 15-mer binders specifically stabilized surface expression of HLA-E*01:03 on the cell surface in two separate assays and 5 other binding candidates EI9, MD9, NR9, QF9 and YG9 gave a binding signal in only one of the two assays, but not both. Overall, we have expanded the current knowledge of HIV-1-derived target peptides stabilizing HLA-E cell-surface expression from 1 to 5, thus broadening inroads for future studies. This is a small, but significant contribution towards studying the fine mechanisms behind HLA-E actions and their possible use in development of a new kind of vaccines.
Bent spine syndrome as the initial symptom of late‐onset Pompe disease (2016)

ABSTRACT Introduction : Late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness and early respiratory insufficiency, for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available. Methods : Having diagnosed a case of LOPD presenting with bent spine syndrome, we conducted a brief survey in the French centers involved in management of Pompe disease, from which we collected data on 3 other cases. Results : The patients (3 women and 1 man) had a mean age of 64 years (range 51–77 years) and a delay in diagnosis of approximately 10 years (range 8–42 years). At diagnosis, 3 patients already had respiratory symptoms. All had normal or very mildly raised creatine kinase levels and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in the paraspinal muscles. They exhibited the most frequent mutation in Pompe disease (c.‐32‐13 T&gt;G). Conclusion : Clinicians should be aware of this atypical presentation of LOPD to enable earlier diagnosis and treatment. Muscle Nerve 56 : 167–170, 2017
Characterization of the Adhesion of Soft Lining Materials to Poly (methyl methacrylate) (1982)

The adhesion of nine soft lining materials to poly (methyl methacrylate) has been characterized in the laboratory using peeling tests. Applying the energy theory of fracture to an elastic film peeling from a rigid substrate, this method gives a direct measure of the work of detachment.
Iconic and multi-stroke gesture recognition (2009)

Many handwritten gestures, characters, and symbols comprise multiple pendown strokes separated by penup strokes. In this paper, a large number of features known from the literature are explored for the recognition of such multi-stroke gestures. Features are computed from a global gesture shape. From its constituent strokes, the mean and standard deviation of each feature are computed. We show that using these new stroke-based features, significant improvements in classification accuracy can be obtained between 10% and 50% compared to global feature representations. These results are consistent over four different databases, containing iconic pen gestures, handwritten symbols, and upper-case characters. Compared to two other multi-stroke recognition techniques, improvements between 25% and 39% are achieved, averaged over all four databases.
Safety of Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Pooled Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials (2022)

&lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;bjective&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt; &lt;p&gt;To assess safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease ([CKD] category G3–4) enrolled in clinical trials. &lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Research Design and Methods&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/b&gt;This analysis pooled data from 19 randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1–4 clinical trials and one randomized, placebo-controlled extension study in which patients received empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg daily. Time to first occurrence of adverse events (AEs) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression models.&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Among a total of 15,081 patients who received at least one study drug dose,1522, 722, and 123 individuals were classified as CKD categories G3A, G3B, and G4, respectively, at baseline. Demographics and clinical characteristics were similar between treatment groups across categories of CKD. Rates of serious AEs, AEs leading to discontinuation, and events of special interest (including lower limb amputations and acute renal failure [ARF]) were also similar between empagliflozin and placebo across CKD subgroups. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, risks for volume depletion and ARF were similar for empagliflozin and placebo in the combined group with CKD categories G3B–G4 and the G3A group. Notably lower risks (HR [95% CI]) were observed in both groups for hyperkalemia (0.59 [0.37–0.96], &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0323; and 0.48 [0.26–0.91], &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0243, respectively) and edema (0.47 [0.33–0.68], &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001; and 0.44 [0.28–0.68], &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0002, respectively). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Use of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced CKD raised no new safety concerns and may have beneficial effects on development of hyperkalemia and edema.&lt;/p&gt;