gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Packaging for a rotational accelerometer: Is a standard plastic SOIC an industrial solution?</title> (2000)

On the contrary of microelectronics where standard packages like e.g. DIP, QFP, BGA, SOIC dominate, microsensor packaging seems to be characterized by custom and application-specific packages. Moreover, in microsensor applications packaging is typically a relevant cost component of the whole system. In this scenario, the main question to solve for a high volume and no product specific company mission is the following: how to design versatile, reliable, low-cost packages for microsensor. In this article the assembly solutions for a low-cost mass production of a rotational accelerometer sensor are shown. From the packaging design point of view, the stress minimization has been the main guideline for any assembly process and material characterization choice. The process and material issues, including numerical simulations, optimization by design and experiment, are discussed in detail. Breakthrough in this project were the wafer to wafer bonding as well as the die singulation, the die to die interconnection and the thermomechanical stress minimization.
The European Virus Archive goes global: A growing resource for research (2018)

The European Virus Archive (EVA) was created in 2008 with funding from the FP7-EU Infrastructure Programme, in response to the need for a coordinated and readily accessible collection of viruses that could be made available to academia, public health organisations and industry. Within three years, it developed from a consortium of nine European laboratories to encompass associated partners in Africa, Russia, China, Turkey, Germany and Italy. In 2014, the H2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme (INFRAS projects) provided support for the transformation of the EVA from a European to a global organization (EVAg). The EVAg now operates as a non-profit consortium, with 26 partners and 20 associated partners from 21 EU and non-EU countries. In this paper, we outline the structure, management and goals of the EVAg, to bring to the attention of researchers the wealth of products it can provide and to illustrate how end-users can gain access to these resources. Organisations or individuals who would like to be considered as contributors are invited to contact the EVAg coordinator, Jean-Louis Romette, at jean-louis.romette@univmed.fr.
The Nuclear Receptor Resource Project (1997)

We have expanded the original Glucocorticoid Receptor Resource (GRR) database to include several individual resources as part of a larger project called the Nuclear Receptor Resource (NRR). In addition to the GRR, the NRR currently features the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Resource, the Androgen Receptor Resource, the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Resource, the Vitamin D Receptor Resource, and the Steroid Receptor Associated Proteins Resource. The goal of the NRR project is to provide a comprehensive resource for information on the nuclear receptor superfamily, and to provide a forum for the dissemination and discussion of both published and unpublished material on these proteins. Although the individual resources are managed from different servers, all the files are integrated and can be accessed through the project's Home Page, housed at http://nrr. georgetown.edu/nrr.html. In the near future, we hope to expand the project to contain information on other nuclear receptors and to better our electronic publication system. To accomplish this, we encourage the involvement of nuclear receptor investigators in the NRR.
Cross-Modal Deep Variational Hand Pose Estimation (2018)

The human hand moves in complex and high-dimensional ways, making estimation of 3D hand pose configurations from images alone a challenging task. In this work we propose a method to learn a statistical hand model represented by a cross-modal trained latent space via a generative deep neural network. We derive an objective function from the variational lower bound of the VAE framework and jointly optimize the resulting cross-modal KL-divergence and the posterior reconstruction objective, naturally admitting a training regime that leads to a coherent latent space across multiple modalities such as RGB images, 2D keypoint detections or 3D hand configurations. Additionally, it grants a straightforward way of using semi-supervision. This latent space can be directly used to estimate 3D hand poses from RGB images, outperforming the state-of-the art in different settings. Furthermore, we show that our proposed method can be used without changes on depth images and performs comparably to specialized methods. Finally, the model is fully generative and can synthesize consistent pairs of hand configurations across modalities. We evaluate our method on both RGB and depth datasets and analyze the latent space qualitatively.
The imprint of atmospheric evolution in the D/H of Hesperian clay minerals on Mars (2014)

The deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratio in strongly bound water or hydroxyl groups in ancient martian clays retains the imprint of the water of formation of these minerals. Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) experiment measured thermally evolved water and hydrogen gas released between 550° and 950°C from samples of Hesperian-era Gale crater smectite to determine this isotope ratio. The D/H value is 3.0 (±0.2) times the ratio in standard mean ocean water. The D/H ratio in this ~3-billion-year-old mudstone, which is half that of the present martian atmosphere but substantially higher than that expected in very early Mars, indicates an extended history of hydrogen escape and desiccation of the planet.
TOWARDS DATA AND DATA QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR LARGE SCALE HEALTHCARE SIMULATIONS - Position Paper (2012)

The approach of ProHTA (Prospective Health Technology Assessment) is to understand the impact of medical processes and technologies as early as possible. Therefore, simulation techniques are utilized to estimate the effects of innovative health technologies and find potentials of efficiency enhancement within the supply chain of healthcare. Data management for healthcare simulations is required as heterogeneous data is needed both as simulation input data and for validation purposes. The main problem is the heterogeneity of the data and the initially unknown and continuously changing demands of the simulation. Also, data quality considerations are necessary to quantify the reliability of simulation output. A solution has to consider all of these aspects and must be extensible to cope with changing requirements. As the structure of the data is not known in advance, a generic database schema is required. This paper proposes an approach to store heterogeneous statistical data in an RDF-triplestore. Semantic annotations based on conceptual models are utilized to describe the datasets. Additionally, a special query language helps loading the data into the simulation. The feasibility of the approach has been demonstrated in a prototype implementation. We discuss the benefits of this approach as well as remaining challenges and issues.
Trajectory Groups of 24-Hour Systolic Blood Pressure After Acute Ischemic Stroke and Recurrent Vascular Events (2018)

Background and Purpose- Blood pressure dynamics in patients with acute ischemic stroke may serve as an important modifiable and prognostic factor. Methods- A total of 8376 patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied from a prospective multicenter registry. Patients were eligible if they had been admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset and had ≥5 systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. SBP trajectory groups in the first 24 hours were identified using the TRAJ procedure in SAS software with delta-Bayesian Information Criterion and prespecified modeling parameters. Vascular events, including recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death, were prospectively collected. The risk of having vascular events was calculated using the frailty model to adjust for clustering by hospital. Results- The group-based trajectory model classified patients with acute ischemic stroke into 5 SBP trajectory groups: low (22.3%), moderate (40.8%), rapidly stabilized (11.9%), acutely elevated (18.5%), and persistently high (6.4%) SBP. The risk of having vascular events was increased in the acutely elevated (hazard ratio, 1.28 [95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.47]) and the persistently high SBP groups (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% confidence interval, 1.37-2.04]) but not in the rapidly stabilized group (hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.34]), when compared with the moderate SBP group. Conclusions- SBP during the first 24 hours after acute ischemic stroke may be categorized into distinct trajectory groups, which differ in relation to stroke characteristics and frequency of subsequent recurrent vascular event risks. The findings may help to recognize potential candidates for future blood pressure control trials.
Spatial variability of POPs in European background air (2011)

Abstract. Passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed at 86 European background sites during summer 2006 in order (i) to gain further insight into spatial patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in European background air and, (ii) to evaluate PAS as an alternative sampling technique under EMEP (Co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmissions of air pollutants in Europe). The samples were analyzed for selected PCBs, HCHs, DDTs, HCB, PAHs and chlordanes, and air concentrations were calculated on the basis of losses of performance reference compounds. Air concentrations of PCBs were generally lowest in more remote areas of northern Europe with elevated levels in more densely populated areas. γ-HCH was found at elevated levels in more central parts of Europe, whereas α-HCH, β-HCH and DDTs showed higher concentrations in the south-eastern part. There was no clear spatial pattern in the concentrations for PAHs, indicative of influence by local sources, rather than long range atmospheric transport (LRAT). HCB was evenly distributed across Europe, while the concentrations of chlordanes were typically low or non-detectable. A comparison of results obtained on the basis of PAS and active air sampling (AAS) illustrated that coordinated PAS campaigns have the potential serve as useful inter-comparison exercises within and across existing monitoring networks. The results also highlighted limitations of the current EMEP measurement network with respect to spatial coverage. We finally adopted an existing Lagrangian transport model (FLEXPART) as recently modified to incorporate key processes relevant for POPs to evaluate potential source regions affecting observed concentrations at selected sites. Using PCB-28 as an example, the model predicted concentrations which agreed within a factor of 3 with PAS measurements for all except 1 out of the 17 sites selected for this analysis.
Claudin-1 regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis through the modulation of Notch-signalling (2013)

Claudin-1 helps regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis through the regulation of Notch-signalling. An upregulated claudin-1 expression induces MMP-9 and p-ERK signalling to activate Notch-signalling, which in turn inhibits the goblet cell differentiation. Decreased goblet cell number decreases muc-2 expression and thus enhances susceptibility to mucosal inflammation. Claudin-1 expression also induces colonic epithelial proliferation in a Notch-dependent manner. Our findings may help understand the role of claudin-1 in the regulation of inflammatory bowel diseases and CRC.
Lithium Alkaline Halides—Next Generation of Dual Mode Scintillators (2016)

We report on a new family of scintillators - Lithium alkaline halides, developed based on the alkaline halides by introducing lithium for dual mode gamma-neutron detection. Many different compositions were grown, among which LiSr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (LSI), LiCa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (LCI), LiSr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Br <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (LSB) activated with divalent Europium show good gamma and neutron detection properties. LSI shows the main emission at ~ 497 nm under X-ray excitation. It also shows good proportionality, which in combination with the light yield as high as 60000 photons/MeV, results in an energy resolution of 3.5% at 662 keV. The electron or gamma equivalent energy (GEE) of the thermal neutron peak due to the 6Li neutron capture is 4.1 MeV, which amounts to a very high neutron light yield of ~ 245000 photons. The decay times for neutrons are faster compared to that for gamma-rays, hence we achieved good pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between gamma and neutron events. Our initial studies on the effects of Eu concentration on the properties of LSI show that 3%-4% Eu concentration is optimal for the best performance in terms of gamma and neutron light yields and pulse shape discrimination. LCI shows the main emission at ~ 475 nm under X-ray excitation and a very high gamma light yield of ~ 90000 photons/MeV. The measured energy resolution is 6% at 662 keV. The electron equivalent energy for neutron detection has been measured to be around 3 MeV, which gives a neutron light yield of ~270 000 photons. The measured decay times for neutrons are faster compared to gamma decays and the PSD between the gamma-rays and neutrons is not as good as LSI. LSB shows two emissions at ~ 410 and 475 nm under X-ray excitation. The measured light yield is ~ 32000 ph/MeV gamma-ray with an energy resolution of 6% at 662 keV. The electron equivalent energy of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li capture peak was measured to be 3.3 MeV.
Sema6Dacts downstream of bone morphogenetic protein signalling to promote atrioventricular cushion development in mice (2016)

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Aims&lt;/st&gt; Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling plays a key role in regulating the development of the atrioventricular (AV) septum and valves; however, the molecules that mediate the complex activities of BMP signalling are not fully understood. The major goal of this study is to identify the critical downstream regulatory targets of BMP signalling in AV cushions, which are precursors of the AV septum and valves. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods and results&lt;/st&gt; We established a conditional immortal AV cushion mesenchymal cell line, tsA58-AVM. Using this line, we observed that the expression of &lt;it&gt;Sema6D&lt;/it&gt; is upregulated by BMP stimulation through microarray analysis. &lt;it&gt;Sema6D&lt;/it&gt; is required for BMP-upregulated migration of tsA58-AVM cells. To reveal the &lt;it&gt;in vivo&lt;/it&gt; role of &lt;it&gt;Sema6D&lt;/it&gt;, we established the &lt;it&gt;Sema6Dloxp/loxp&lt;/it&gt; mouse line and specifically inactivated &lt;it&gt;Sema6D&lt;/it&gt; in endocardial cells (by &lt;it&gt;Nfatc1Cre&lt;/it&gt;) when cushion mesenchymal cells started to form. We observed a hypocellular AV cushion defect in mutant hearts at early stages (E9.25, E9.5). The defect was resolved at a later stage, most likely due to compensation by increased &lt;it&gt;Sema6C&lt;/it&gt; in mutant AV cushions. Furthermore, our &lt;it&gt;ex vivo&lt;/it&gt; culturing and &lt;it&gt;in vivo&lt;/it&gt; transgenic studies collectively suggest that SEMA6D activates Rho through PLXNA1-FARP1 to promote cushion mesenchymal cell formation. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusions&lt;/st&gt; We demonstrate for the first time that &lt;it&gt;Sema6D&lt;/it&gt; is a target of BMP signalling and that Semaphorin signalling is essential for the initiation of cushion mesenchymal cell formation in the AV canal. Our study reveals a novel BMP-&lt;it&gt;Sema6D&lt;/it&gt;-Rho axis regulating AV cushion development. &lt;/sec&gt;
Measurement of High-Performance Thermal Interfaces Using a Reduced Scale Steady-State Tester and Infrared Microscopy (2015)

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) have reached values approaching the measurement uncertainty of standard ASTM D5470 based testers of approximately ±1 × 10−6 m2 K/W. This paper presents a miniature ASTM-type steady-state tester that was developed to address the resolution limits of standard testers by reducing the heat meter bar thickness and using infrared (IR) thermography to measure the temperature gradient along the heat meter bar. Thermal interfacial resistance measurements on the order of 1 × 10−6 m2 K/W with an order of magnitude improvement in the uncertainty of ±1 × 10−7 m2 K/W are demonstrated. These measurements were made on several TIMs with a thermal resistance as low as 1.14 × 10−6 m2 K/W.
Precipitation Removal of Fluoride from Semiconductor Wastewater (2007)

Chemical precipitation method utilizing calcium salts has been extensively used to treat fluoride-containing wastewater from semiconductor manufacturers. The major objective of this study was to investigate coagulation-flocculation of calcium fluoride precipitates (CaF2) . Residual fluoride concentration of lower than 15mg∕L , the effluent standard, was found when molar ratio of calcium to fluoride, [Ca2+∕F−] , was 0.5 and pH ranged from 6.5 to 8.5. The fine precipitates of CaF2 were further flocculated by polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and anionic polyelectrolyte, polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different molecular weight, to facilitate better solid-liquid separation. Experimental results indicated that both PAC and PAA with low to medium molecular weight could remove CaF2 precipitates effectively. Satisfactory removal efficiency was achieved at lower dosage when PAC and PAA were used in combination. Recycling of CaF2 precipitates or CaF2 sludge did not enhance removal of fluoride or CaF2 precipitates. Reaction mechanisms were discussed based on zeta potential and particle size distribution.
519 Development of an Artificial Sphincter Using Shape Memory Alloy (2000)

This paper describes a work on the development of an artificial sphincter actuator for the treatment of the functional disorder on bowel movement. The prototype acuator is composed of two shape memory alloy (SMA) plates with all-round shape memory effect (ARSME) ; the shapes of those plates are transformed from straight to arc in the heating process and reversed in the cooling process. This actuator is expected to work as a valve of a digestive canal. Its thermo-mechanical properties including the deformation and force generated during the phase transformation of SMA have been measured. The experiments on an living body show that this actuator has good self-bowel movement function.
Order of FIB updates seldom matters: Fast reroute and fast convergence with interface‐specific forwarding (2022)

During convergence, after a link state change in traditional networks with a distributed control plane, packets may get caught in transient forwarding loops. Such loops can be avoided by imposing a certain order among the routers in updating their forwarding information bases (FIBs), but it requires some form of coordination among routers. As an alternative, a progressive link metric increment method has been proposed for loop-free forwarding without ordered FIB updates, but it takes longer to converge to the target state. In this paper, we show that the order of updates rarely matters for loop-free convergence when the failure inference-based fast reroute (FIFR) scheme with interface-specific forwarding is employed for dealing with link failures. The key insight is to have each router install the traditional interface-independent forwarding entries as soon as they are recomputed during convergence and install the recomputed interface-specific backwarding entries post-convergence. Our evaluation of 280 real and random topologies confirms that the order of updates does not matter with the proposed approach for 17336 out of 17339 links in those topologies. To handle such rare cases where the order matters, it can be coupled with progressive link metric increments to ensure loop-freedom with unordered FIB updates. Thus, the proposed approach, referred to as FIFR++, makes it possible to achieve disruption-free fast convergence and fast reroute without requiring any modification to the IP datagram and without needing any coordination between routers.
Some peculiarities of Ti in‐diffusion in lithium niobate (2007)

Abstract The process of one‐ and two‐dimensional Ti in‐diffusion in lithium niobate, LiNbO 3 (LN), single crystals of 〈x〉 and 〈z〉 orientations at 950‐1060°C in oxygen/water vapor medium had been studied. In the case of one‐dimensional diffusion, a flat diffusion front consisting of Ti solid solution in LN is formed. The process kinetics is described by Fick's equation for the case of a permanent source. In the case of two‐dimensional Ti diffusion, the diffusion zone contour acquires the shape close to elliptical. The diffusion rate in the tangential direction is about an order of magnitude higher than in the normal direction. A model qualitatively describing such nontrivial character of the diffusion process is suggested. The model is based on: a) incongruent lithium evaporation out of LN at high temperatures; b) low thermodynamic activity of Li in LiTiO 3 – product of Ti interaction with LN. These factors produce a significant nonlinearity of the process, since a strong chemical bond between Li and Ti in this phase leads to a mutual increase in their diffusive mobility. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bromelain-induced edema in the rat paw and effects of drugs. (1987)

Bromelain-induced edema in rats was studied and compared to carrageenin-induced edema. The edema reached a maximum 30 min after Bromelain was injected subcutaneously into the rat paw, then decreased slowly, and had almost disappeared 24 hr later. The bromelain-induced edema was obviously potentiated by the oral administration of captopril, a kininase II inhibitor, 1 hr before and after the bromelain was injected; the carrageenin-induced edema was moderately but not dose-dependently potentiated. Dexamethasone suppressed the bromelain-induced and carrageenin-induced edema, but onset of the effect was slow. Nonsteroidal acidic anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin, piroxicam, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, timegadine, and benoxaprofen), except aspirin, exerted no effect on the bromelain-induced edema, whereas they significantly reduced the carrageenin-induced edema. Nonsteroidal nonacidic anti-inflammatory agents such as emorfazone, aminopyrine, tiaramide, perisoxal, and paracetamol, significantly inhibited both types of edema. Antihistamine, antiserotonin, and diuretic agents did not affect the bromelain-induced edema, but diuretic agents inhibited the carrageenin-induced edema. These results indicate that the bromelain-induced edema may be mediated mainly by bradykinin, but not by metabolites of the arachidonic acid cascade or not by biogenic amines, and that the carrageenin-induced edema is mediated predominantly by prostaglandins. The bromelain-induced edema appears to be a useful model to evaluate the effects of nonsteroidal nonacidic anti-inflammatory agents.