gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Re-Identification in Urban Scenarios: A Review of Tools and Methods (2021)

With the widespread use of surveillance image cameras and enhanced awareness of public security, objects, and persons Re-Identification (ReID), the task of recognizing objects in non-overlapping camera networks has attracted particular attention in computer vision and pattern recognition communities. Given an image or video of an object-of-interest (query), object identification aims to identify the object from images or video feed taken from different cameras. After many years of great effort, object ReID remains a notably challenging task. The main reason is that an object’s appearance may dramatically change across camera views due to significant variations in illumination, poses or viewpoints, or even cluttered backgrounds. With the advent of Deep Neural Networks (DNN), there have been many proposals for different network architectures achieving high-performance levels. With the aim of identifying the most promising methods for ReID for future robust implementations, a review study is presented, mainly focusing on the person and multi-object ReID and auxiliary methods for image enhancement. Such methods are crucial for robust object ReID, while highlighting limitations of the identified methods. This is a very active field, evidenced by the dates of the publications found. However, most works use data from very different datasets and genres, which presents an obstacle to wide generalized DNN model training and usage. Although the model’s performance has achieved satisfactory results on particular datasets, a particular trend was observed in the use of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), attention mechanisms to capture object-relevant features, and generative adversarial training to overcome data limitations. However, there is still room for improvement, namely in using images from urban scenarios among anonymized images to comply with public privacy legislation. The main challenges that remain in the ReID field, and prospects for future research directions towards ReID in dense urban scenarios, are also discussed.
A waste solvent transfer method with multiple benefits (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTA waste solvent transfer method with multiple benefitsRobert E. UhorchakRobert E. UhorchakMore by Robert E. Uhorchak, Jeffrey W. PortzerJeffrey W. PortzerMore by Jeffrey W. Portzer, and Edd H. LovetteEdd H. LovetteMore by Edd H. LovetteCite this: Chem. Health Saf. 2001, 8, 1, 15–18Publication Date (Web):January 1, 2001Publication History Published online1 January 2001Published inissue 1 January 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.8b08108Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (403 KB) Get e-Alerts
Improved synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-[18F]fluoro-5-methyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (18F-FMAU) (2010)

533 Objectives 18F-FMAU is an established PET probe used to monitor cellular proliferation. For clinical applications, a fully automated cGMP-compliant radiosynthesis would be necessary. However, the current synthesis of 18F-FMAU requires HBr activation of the sugar prior to the coupling with silylated uracil. This multiple step procedure makes the development of an automated protocol difficult and complicated. In this study, we report the use of Friedel-Crafts catalysts for an improved synthesis of 18F-FMAU, which also includes a one-pot reaction condition. Methods FMAU was synthesized by the reaction of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-arabinofuranose (18F-sugar) and bis-2,4-(trimethylsilyloxy)-5-methyluracil (silylated uracil) in the presence of various Friedel-Crafts catalysts. Various reaction temperature, time, solvent, and additive, were also explored to optimize the reaction. Results Out of the four Friedel-Crafts catalysts tested, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) was found to be most efficient. A one pot synthetic condition was developed for 18F-FMAU: TMSOTf, hexamethyldisilizane (HMDS), and silylated uracil were dissolved in dichloroethane and added to the crude radiolabeled sugar. The coupling was accomplished at 85°C for 1 h. After deprotection, 18F-FMAU was obtained in 12±3% (n=4) radiochemical yield (decay corrected) with 120mCi/μmol specific activity. The α/β anomer ratio was 4:6. The overall reaction time was about 120 min from the end of bombardment. Passing the 18F-sugar through a silica cartridge before the coupling reaction 1) significantly improved the FMAU specific activity to 1,500 mCi/μmol; 2) increased the α/β anomer ratio to 1:4, and 3) eliminated the need for HMDS. Although it is not one pot, this labeling condition is still compatible with commonly used one reactor module. Conclusions Simplified and reliable methods were developed for routine synthesis of 18F-FMAU. A fully automated synthesis of 18F-FMAU could be easily achieved in reasonable yield and high purity under these new reaction conditions
Data-Driven Estimation Of Mutual Information Between Dependent Data (2017)

We consider the problem of estimating mutual information between dependent data, an important problem in many science and engineering applications. We propose a data-driven, non-parametric estimator of mutual information in this paper. The main novelty of our solution lies in transforming the data to frequency domain to make the problem tractable. We define a novel metric--mutual information in frequency--to detect and quantify the dependence between two random processes across frequency using Cramér's spectral representation. Our solution calculates mutual information as a function of frequency to estimate the mutual information between the dependent data over time. We validate its performance on linear and nonlinear models. In addition, mutual information in frequency estimated as a part of our solution can also be used to infer cross-frequency coupling in the data.
Robust smile detection using convolutional neural networks (2016)

We present a fully automated approach for smile detection. Faces are detected using a multiview face detector and aligned and scaled using automatically detected eye locations. Then, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to determine whether it is a smiling face or not. To this end, we investigate different shallow CNN architectures that can be trained even when the amount of learning data is limited. We evaluate our complete processing pipeline on the largest publicly available image database for smile detection in an uncontrolled scenario. We investigate the robustness of the method to different kinds of geometric transformations (rotation, translation, and scaling) due to imprecise face localization, and to several kinds of distortions (compression, noise, and blur). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this type of investigation has been performed for smile detection. Experimental results show that our proposal outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both high- and low-quality images.
A Supply-Rail-Coupled eTextiles Transceiver for Body-Area Networks (2011)

This paper presents a transceiver that communicates over electronic textiles as an alternative, energy-efficient communication medium for body-area network (BAN) applications. The proposed eTextiles network architecture consists of a two-wire conductive yarn medium, body-worn nodes, and a basestation used for data collection and medium-access control. Fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the eTextiles transceiver employs supply-rail-coupled differential signaling to efficiently time-share the eTextiles medium between communication and remote charging activities. Remote charging achieves up to 96% power transfer efficiency when a basestation battery is used to charge remote ultra capacitors, which are used as the power supplies of body-worn nodes. Operating at 0.9 V and at 10 Mb/s, the receiver and transmitter front-ends together consume 3.2 pJ/bit over 1 m, which is at least 20X more efficient than conventional BAN receiver front-ends. The transceiver also contains an integrated digital baseband and medium access controller, which, together with the receiver front-end, consume 110 μW during continuous operation.
Growing Repertoire of AraC/XylS Activators (2002)

The AraC/XylS family of transcription activator proteins is defined by a 100-amino-acid region of sequence similarity (15) that forms an independently folding domain containing two helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA binding motifs.A recent database search (http://hits.isb-sib.ch)(35) by the author using the AraC/XylS family profile (PS01124) (15) identified 830 family members!A number of AraC/XylS family members involved in carbon metabolism and responses to environmental stress have been intensively studied, including Ada, AraC, MarA, MelR, RhaR, RhaS, Rob, SoxS, and XylS (described below).More recently, several family members that regulate virulence factor expression in animal and plant pathogens have been well characterized.These virulence regulators are often part of complex regulatory schemes and are revealing new twists to regulation by the AraC/XylS family.Here I will briefly discuss some of the features of this large family and then focus on novel findings regarding AraC/XylS regulation of virulence factor expression, including those by Hulbert and Taylor in this issue (19a). STRUCTURE OF AraC/XylS FAMILY PROTEINSDetailed structures have been published for the AraC/XylS family domains of only two proteins, MarA and Rob (25,36).The backbone structures of these domains are virtually superimposable.The Rob structure exhibited an unusual interaction with DNA in which only one of the two HTH motifs made base-specific contacts with the DNA (25).However, the DNA interaction exhibited by MarA, in which each of the HTH motifs is inserted into an adjacent major groove of the DNA, appears to occur more widely (2,16,17,33,41).This interaction of each domain with two adjacent major grooves of DNA results in an unusually long binding site of 17 to 21 bp for each AraC/XylS family monomer.Most of the characterized family members function as transcription activators, although a few exclusively or additionally function as repressors (15).In addition to their DNA binding functions, at least some, and likely most, of the AraC/XylS family domains also contain transcription activation functions (3,4,21,22,24,29).Among the 830 AraC/XylS family members identified in the search described above, a large majority shared common protein architectures.These proteins have the family domain at the C-terminal end of an approximately 300-amino-acid-long protein that contains at least one additional domain.
Barriers to access to ear and hearing care services in low- and middle- income countries: A scoping review (2022)

People living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) meet significant challenges in accessing ear and hearing care (EHC) services. We conducted a scoping review to identify and summarise such barriers, to recognise gaps in the literature, and to identify potential solutions. Reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles and charted data. We undertook thematic analysis of supply and demand side dimensions of access, and summarised findings mapped against the Levesque framework. Of 3048 articles screened, 62 met inclusion criteria for review. Across the five access dimensions, supply-side constraints were more frequently described, the most common being a shortage of EHC workforce or appropriate facilities, despite high demand. We identified a thin geographical spread of literature on barriers to accessing EHC services in LMICs, reflecting low availability of such services. LMICs face a diverse range of demand and supply side challenges including workforce, equipment and resource shortages, and challenges for the majority of the population to pay for such services. There is a need for many LMICs to develop health policy and programmes in EHC, including integration into primary care, scaling up the EHC workforce through increased training and education, and improving EHC literacy through public health measures.
Depletion-based optical modulators in a bulk 65 nm CMOS platform (2016)

We present poly-silicon depletion-based optical modulators realized in a 65 nm CMOS platform for monolithic integration with electronics. Speeds up to 12.5 Gbit/s can be achieved with 5 dB insertion loss and 2.3 dB extinction ratio.
Engineering carbon chains from mechanically stretched graphene-based materials (2011)

The electrical response of graphene-based materials can be tailored under mechanical stress. We report different switching behaviors that take place in mechanically deformed graphene nanoribbons prior to the breakage of the junction. By performing tight-binding molecular dynamics, the study of structural changes of graphene nanoribbons with different widths is achieved, revealing that carbon chains are the ultimate bridges before the junction breaks. The electronic and transport calculations show that binary on/off states can be switched prior to and during breakage depending on the atomic details of the nanoribbon. This work supports the interpretation of recent experiments on nonvolatile memory element engineering based on graphene break junctions.
Chinese and Japanese word segmentation using word-level and character-level information (2004)

In this paper, we present a hybrid method for Chinese and Japanese word segmentation. Word-level information is useful for analysis of known words, while character-level information is useful for analysis of unknown words, and the method utilizes both these two types of information in order to effectively handle known and unknown words. Experimental results show that this method achieves high overall accuracy in Chinese and Japanese word segmentation
COSMOS: accurate detection of somatic structural variations through asymmetric comparison between tumor and normal samples (2016)

An important challenge in cancer genomics is precise detection of structural variations (SVs) by high-throughput short-read sequencing, which is hampered by the high false discovery rates of existing analysis tools. Here, we propose an accurate SV detection method named COSMOS, which compares the statistics of the mapped read pairs in tumor samples with isogenic normal control samples in a distinct asymmetric manner. COSMOS also prioritizes the candidate SVs using strand-specific read-depth information. Performance tests on modeled tumor genomes revealed that COSMOS outperformed existing methods in terms of F-measure. We also applied COSMOS to an experimental mouse cell-based model, in which SVs were induced by genome engineering and gamma-ray irradiation, followed by polymerase chain reaction-based confirmation. The precision of COSMOS was 84.5%, while the next best existing method was 70.4%. Moreover, the sensitivity of COSMOS was the highest, indicating that COSMOS has great potential for cancer genome analysis.
Partitioning of synchronous machine windings for internal fault analysis (2000)

This paper discusses a technique for partitioning the stator windings of large synchronous machines, for application to internal fault analysis, and determining corresponding winding inductances. The method employs a direct phase representation, which is shown to reduce to the classical phase representation when the partitioned windings are collapsed.
Ion and water transport in a Nafion{reg_sign} membrane pore: A statistical mechanical model with molecular structure (1998)

With the well established importance of the coupling of water and protons through electroosmotic drag in operating PEFCs the authors present here a derivation of a mathematical model that focuses on the computation of the mobility of an hydronium ion through an arbitrary cylindrical pore of a PEM with a non-uniform charge distribution on the walls of the pore. The total Hamiltonian is derived for the hydronium ion as it moves through the hydrated pore and is effected by the net potential due to interaction with the solvent molecules and the pendant side chains. The corresponding probability density is derived through solution of the Liouville equation. This probability density is then used to compute the friction tensor for the hydronium ion. The authors find two types of contributions: (a) due to the solvent-ion interactions for which they adopt the conventional continuum model; (b) due to the interaction between the pendant charges and the hydronium ion. The latter is a new result and displays the role of the non-uniform nature of the charge distribution on the pore wall.
ERBB2 AND ITS LIGAND MUC4 (SIALOMUCIN COMPLEX) IN RAT LACRIMAL GLAND. (2000)

Third International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance: Maui, Hawaii; November 15-18, 2000: Abstracts
Ladder Polyether Synthesis via Epoxide-Opening Cascades Directed by a Disappearing Trimethylsilyl Group (2010)

Epoxide-opening cascades offer the potential to construct complex polyether natural products expeditiously and in a manner that emulates the biogenesis proposed for these compounds. Herein we provide a full account of our development of a strategy that addresses several important challenges of such cascades. The centerpiece of the method is a trimethylsilyl (SiMe(3)) group that serves several purposes and leaves no trace of itself by the time the cascade has come to an end. The main function of the SiMe(3) group is to dictate the regioselectivity of epoxide opening. This strategy is the only general method of effecting endo-selective cascades under basic conditions.
Fostered Thermomagnetic Stabilities and Boosted Mechanical Reliability Related to High Trapped Field in Composite Bulk YBa2Cu3O7−δ Cryomagnets (2015)

In the quest of YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) (Y123) bulk superconductors providing strong magnetic fields without failure, it is of paramount importance to achieve high thermal stabilities to safeguard the magnetic energy inside them during the trapping-field process, and sufficient mechanical reliability to withstand the stresses derived from the Lorenz force. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate a temperature rise induced by dissipative flux motion inside an Y123 thin-wall superconductor, and a significant thermal exchange in a composite bulk Y123 cryomagnet realized by embedding this superconductor with high thermal-conductivity metal network. It resulted in stimulating the maximum trapped field Bm, which reached 6.46 T on 15.9 mm-diameter single disk superconductor after magnetization by field cooling to 17 K under 7 T, leading to an improvement of 18% compared to the thin-wall superconductor. The composite cryomagnet particularly revealed the potential to trap stronger fields if larger magnetic activation is available. By virtue of the pore-free and crack-free microstructure of this cryomagnet, its strength σR was estimated to be 363 MPa, the largest one obtained so far for Y123 bulk superconductors, thus suggesting a striking mechanical reliability that seems to be sufficient to sustain stresses derived from trapped fields stronger than any values hitherto reported.
Activity and expression of different members of the caspase family in the rat corpus luteum during pregnancy and postpartum (2007)

Studies were designed to examine the expression and activity of four caspases that contribute to the initial (caspases-2, -8, and -9) and final (caspase-3) events in apoptosis in the rat corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy ( days 7, 17, 19, and 21 of gestation), postpartum ( days 1 and 4), and after injection (0, 8, 16, 24, and 36 h) of the physiological luteolysin PGF2α. In addition, the temporal relationship of caspase expression/activity relative to steroid production and luteal regression was evaluated. During pregnancy, the activity of all four caspases was significantly greater on day 19, before a decline in CL progesterone (P) and CYP11A1 levels at day 21 of gestation. The levels of the caspase-3 active fragment (p17, measured by Western blot) also increased at days 19 and 21 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analyses detected specific staining for the caspases in luteal cells (large and small) as well as in endothelial cells. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells did not increase in the CL until postpartum. Following PGF2α injection, there was a significant decrease in CL P by 24 h, although the activity of all four caspases did not increase until 36 h posttreatment. The active p17 fragment of caspase-3 also significantly increased at 36 h post-PGF2α. These results suggest that an increase in the activity of caspases-2, -8, -9, and -3 is associated with the early events of natural luteolysis at the end of pregnancy. Also, the exogenous administration of the luteolysin PGF2α may regulate members of the caspase family.
Bio-funcional components in mushrooms, a health opportunity: Ergothionine and huitlacohe as recent trends (2020)

Macrofungi, mushrooms or higher fungi have been employed for medicinal and food purposes for decades, nevertheless, also represent, a novel and fruitful source of biologically relevant compounds, that could serve as health enhancers in diverse human illness conditions; specially, mushrooms, are considered a relevant source of the distictive molecule – ergothioneine, an excellent supply of important antioxidant, which boosts human health and shows potential as a preservative in food, promoting their utilization as functional foods, in this context, the present review overviews and complies current knowledge and trends of nutrients as well as bioactive mushroom components including the potential of Huitlacoche and ergothioneine, and the possible health benefits of these biological products and their activities have been explored which enhances the utilization of mushrooms.