gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Org. Chem. 3/2003 (2003)

Abstract The cover picture shows the spin‐dependent diastereoselectivities in the photodenitrogenation of a tricyclic azoalkane to the corresponding syn (inversion) and anti (retention) housanes. The saturated azoalkane A (CH 2 CH 2 ) is the first example in which the triplet process is highly diastereoselective (see upper right‐hand corner). In this triplet 3 DR (CH 2 CH 2 ) diradical, steric effects between the gem dimethyl‐substituted methano bridge and the cyclopentane‐annellated ring are held responsible for the highly stereoselective ring closure to the anti ‐housane. In the singlet photodenitrogenation the diazenyl diradical 1 DZ (CH 2 CH 2 ) intervenes, for which such steric effects are of minor relevance along the S H 2 reaction coordinate (inversion). Details are discussed in the article by W. Adam, M. Diedering and V. Martí on p. 592 ff.
Simulation of the Dynamic Transistor Negatrons (2000)

The simulation principles of monolithic microwave dynamic transistor negatrons (circuits with negative differential active resistance) are introduced. The non‐linear model has been developed on the basis of non‐linear charge model. The equivalent circuit and Volterra series were used for the calculation of dynamic negatrons′ parameters. The expressions were obtained, which give the linear relation between current and voltage charges and allow calculating the transferring characteristics. Experimental oscillators are described, which confirm the theoretical predictions.
Pyridine‐ and 3‐/6‐Methylpyridine‐2‐tellurolate Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) (2003)

Abstract The reaction of py 2 Te 2 or (3‐MeC 5 H 3 N) 2 Te 2 with Na 2 PdCl 4 in methanol yields an insoluble brown complex, [PdCl(TeNC 5 H 3 R)] n (R = H or Me). Several reactions of pyTe − , (3‐MeC 5 H 3 N)Te − , or (6‐MeC 5 H 3 N)Te − with various palladium( II ) and platinum( II ) complexes have been carried out. Complexes of the types [MCl(Te−N)(PR 3 )], [Pt(Te−N) 2 (dppe)], [Pt(Te−N) 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ], and [Pt 2 (μ‐Te−N) 2 (dppe) 2 ][BPh 4 ] 2 [M = Pd or Pt; Te−N = pyTe, (3‐ or 6‐MeC 5 H 3 N)Te] have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, UV/Vis, IR, and NMR ( 1 H, 31 P, 195 Pt) spectroscopy. The complexes [MCl(Te−N)(PR 3 )] show irreversible oxidation and reduction by CV in DMF. The molecular structure of [PdCl{Te(3‐MeC 5 H 3 N)}(PPh 3 )] ( 2c ) has been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The palladium atom is bound to the chelating 3‐methylpyridinetellurolate ligand, a chlorine atom and a PPh 3 ligand. The pyrolysis of [PdCl{Te(3‐MeC 5 H 3 N)}(PR 3 )] (PR 3 = PEt 3 or PPh 3 ) at 340 °C yields PdTe. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
An Investigation of G-Quadruplex Structural Polymorphism in the Human Telomere Using a Combined Approach of Hydrodynamic Bead Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2014)

Guanine-rich oligonucleotides can adopt noncanonical tertiary structures known as G-quadruplexes, which can exist in different forms depending on experimental conditions. High-resolution structural methods, such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, have been of limited usefulness in resolving the inherent structural polymorphism associated with G-quadruplex formation. The lack of, or the ambiguous nature of, currently available high-resolution structural data, in turn, has severely hindered investigations into the nature of these structures and their interactions with small-molecule inhibitors. We have used molecular dynamics in conjunction with hydrodynamic bead modeling to study the structures of the human telomeric G-quadruplex-forming sequences at the atomic level. We demonstrated that molecular dynamics can reproduce experimental hydrodynamic measurements and thus can be a powerful tool in the structural study of existing G-quadruplex sequences or in the prediction of new G-quadruplex structures.
Polarized glycoprotein targeting affects the spread of measles virus in vitro and in vivo (2004)

We have shown previously that basolateral targeting of plasmid-encoded measles virus (MV) F and H protein is dependent on single tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tails of the glycoproteins and is essential for fusion activity in polarized epithelial cells. Here, we present data on the functional importance of polarized glycoprotein expression for the cytopathic properties of infectious MV in culture and for pathogenesis in vivo. By the introduction of single point mutations, we generated recombinant viruses in which the basolateral targeting signal of either one or both glycoproteins was destroyed (tyrosine mutants). As a consequence, the mutated glycoproteins were predominantly expressed on the apical membrane of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In contrast to parental MV, none of these virus mutants was able to spread by syncytia formation in polarized cells showing that the presence of both MV glycoproteins at the basolateral cell surface is required for cell-to-cell fusion in vitro. Using cotton rats as an animal model that allows MV replication in the respiratory tract, we showed that basolateral glycoprotein targeting is also of importance for the spread of infection in vivo. Whereas parental MV was able to spread laterally within the respiratory epithelium and from there to cells in the underlying tissue, tyrosine mutants infected only single epithelial and very few subepithelial cells. These data strongly suggest that basolateral targeting of MV glycoproteins helps to overcome the epithelial barrier and thereby facilitates the systemic spread of MV infection in vivo.
Neurons vs Weights Pruning in Artificial Neural Networks (2015)

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are well known for their good classification abilities. Recent advances in deep learning imposed second ANN renaissance. But neural networks possesses some problems like choosing hyper parameters such as neuron layers count and sizes which can greatly influence classification rate. Thus pruning techniques were developed that can reduce network sizes, increase its generalization abilities and overcome overfitting. Pruning approaches, in contrast to growing neural networks approach, assume that sufficiently large ANN is already trained and can be simplified with acceptable classification accuracy loss.Current paper compares nodes vs weights pruning algorithms and gives experimental results for pruned networks accuracy rates versus their non-pruned counterparts. We conclude that nodes pruning is more preferable solution, with some sidenotes.
The Non-Thickness-Limited Growth of Anodic Oxide Films on Valve Metals (1999)

A method of anodizing valve metals in glycerin‐based solutions at elevated temperature to produce nonporous oxide films is presented. The thickness is not limited by the anodizing voltage, but by the amount of time at voltage or, more accurately, by the total amount of ionic current passed through the film. The importance of hydroxyl ion injection to film aging (i.e., the reduction in the level of current passing through a film held at constant voltage) during traditional anodizing is demonstrated. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
LSox5 regulates RhoB expression in the neural tube and promotes generation of the neural crest (2004)

Members of the Sox family of transcription factors are involved in a number of crucial developmental processes, including sex determination, neurogenesis and skeletal development. LSox5 is a member of the group D Sox factors that, in conjunction with Sox6 and Sox9, promotes chondrogenesis by activating the expression of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix molecules. We have cloned the chicken homologue of LSox5 and found that it is initially expressed in the premigratory and migratory neural crest after Slug and FoxD3. Subsequently, the expression of LSox5 is maintained in cephalic crest derivatives, and it appears to be required for the development of the glial lineage, the Schwann cells and satellite glia in cranial ganglia. Misexpression of LSox5 in the cephalic neural tube activated RhoB expression throughout the dorsoventral axis. Furthermore, the prolonged forced expression of LSox5 enlarged the dorsal territory in which the neural crest is generated, extended the 'temporal window' of neural crest segregation, and led to an overproduction of neural crest cells in cephalic regions. In addition to HNK-1, the additional neural crest cells expressed putative upstream markers (Slug, FoxD3) indicating that a regulatory feedback mechanism may operate during neural crest generation. Thus, our data show that in addition to the SoxE genes (Sox9 and Sox10) a SoxD gene (Sox5) also participates in neural crest development and that a cooperative interaction may operate during neural crest generation, as seen during the formation of cartilage.
Fluorescently Labeled Substrates for Monitoring α1,3‐Fucosyltransferase IX Activity (2013)

Fucosylation is often the final process in glycan biosynthesis. The resulting glycans are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell adhesion, inflammation, or tumor metastasis. Fucosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of fucose residues from the activated donor molecule GDP-β-L-fucose to various acceptor molecules. However, detailed information about the reaction processes is still lacking for most fucosyltransferases. In this work we have monitored α1,3-fucosyltransferase activity. For both donor and acceptor substrates, the introduction of a fluorescent ATTO dye was the last step in the synthesis. The subsequent conversion of these substrates into fluorescently labeled products by α1,3-fucosyltransferases was examined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry as well as dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, which revealed that both fluorescently labeled donor GDP-β-L-fucose-ATTO 550 and acceptor N-acetyllactosamine-ATTO 647N were accepted by recombinant human fucosyltransferase IX and Helicobacter pylori α1,3-fucosyltransferase, respectively. Analysis by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy allowed a quick and versatile estimation of the progress of the enzymatic reaction and therefore this method can be used as an alternative method for investigating fucosyltransferase reactions.
Extraslice spin tagging (EST) magnetic resonance imaging for the determination of perfusion (1999)

A new magnetic resonance technique to measure perfusion is described in detail. The means by which this is done is to invert all the spins in the radiofrequency RF coil with a non-spatially selective pulse and immediately re-invert the spins in the imaging plane. The net effect is that the spins in the imaging plane experience minimal perturbation of their magnetization while the spins outside the plane (extraslice) are inverted, or tagged. Tagged spins that flow into the imaging plane before image data are acquired decrease the signal intensity in the imaging plane when compared with an image in which the inflowing spins are not tagged. This decrease in signal can be used to calculate the number of spins that have flowed into the imaging plane, i.e., can be used to calculate the perfusion in mL x 100 g(tissue)(- 1)x min(-1). The extraslice spin tagging (EST) magnetization preparation period was coupled with a fast imaging sequence to obtain perfusion maps for normal volunteers.
Fast, realistic lighting for video games (2003)

A novel, view-independent technology produces natural-looking lighting effects faster than radiosity and ray tracing. The approach is suited for 3D real-time interactive applications and production rendering.
Paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma upon maternal transmission of SDHDmutations (2014)

Transmission of SDHD mutations via the maternal line can, in rare cases, result in tumorigenesis. Despite this finding, the overwhelming majority of carriers of maternally-transmitted mutations will remain tumor-free throughout life.
Antimicrobial resistance: standardisation and harmonisation of laboratory methodologies for the detection and quantification of antimicrobial resistance (2001)

The Ad hoc Group of experts on antimicrobial resistance of the Office International des Epizooties has developed a guideline on the standardisation and harmonisation of laboratory methodologies used for the detection and quantification of antimicrobial resistance. The existing methods (disk diffusion [including concentration gradient strips], agar dilution and broth dilution) are reviewed, including a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. The definitions of resistance characteristics of bacteria (susceptible, intermediate and resistant) are addressed and the criteria for the establishment of breakpoints are discussed. Due consideration has to be given to these aspects in the interpretation and comparison of resistance monitoring or surveillance data. The use of validated laboratory methods and the establishment of quality assurance (internal and external) for microbiological laboratory work and the reporting of quantitative test results is recommended. Equivalence of different methods and laboratory test results is also recommended to be established by external proficiency testing, which should be achieved by the means of a reference laboratory system. This approach allows the comparison of test results obtained using different methods generated by laboratories in different countries.
Morphological and Functional Attenuation of Degeneration of Peripheral Neurons by Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Conditioned Medium in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1‐Knock‐in Mice (2016)

These results suggest that factors released from MSC mitigate the morphological and functional abnormalities in the PNS that are observed in SCA1-KI mice in a paracrine manner.
Valvular surgery in octogenarians: operative risks factors, evaluation of Euroscore and long term results (2004)

Valvular surgery in octogenarians is a safe and low risk procedure compared to functional benefit and long-term survival. Our data how that logistic Euroscore overestimates the mortality in this high-risk group of patients.
Cognitive radars in spectrally dense environments (2016)

Radar technology has been evolving towards higher resolution, high-precision detection instruments with an ever-increasing list of functionalities. One of the areas, which have very good potential for combining the benefits of these developments, is multifunction radar systems. These systems perform multiple functions simultaneously, including surveillance, tracking, confirmation of false alarm, backscanning, clutter, and interference cancellation, which are traditionally performed by dedicated individual radars. With the introduction of these new radar requirements, future radar systems will need to work with wider frequency bands than traditional radar systems.
Simulation of a Mobility Prediction Scheme Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Theory in Mobile Computing (2000)

Mobility prediction is an important issue for efficient management in mobile computing. Whenever users move to a new location, mobile systems should know about their location change so that the connection is not in terrupted. In this paper, we focus on the simulation of a user mobility prediction scheme based on neuro-fuzzy theory. Our scheme predicts future locations from the movement patterns of users accumulated over several days or months, i.e., the user's location history. In or der to model users' movements, we use a neuro-fuzzy inference system. Whenever a user moves to a new lo cation, the system autonomously learns various move ment patterns. The prediction of the future location to which users will move is obtained by the approximate reasoning of the neuro-fuzzy inference system. This ap proach can derive an appropriate future location from learned location information, even if the mobile systems do not know the actual location history. Simulation re sults show that our prediction scheme has high accuracy for various users' patterns. In addition, our scheme is applicable, with considerable prediction accuracy, to users whose history has not been learned by the neuro- fuzzy inference system.
Large-Scale Flow Characterization in a Rayleigh-Bénard Convective Pattern (1986)

Theoretical studies of Rayleigh-Bénard convective patterns have shown that the first nonlinear term leading to a nonvariational behaviour corresponds to a spatial harmonic with a vanishing wave number; that is to say a large-scale flow. We confirm experimentally the existence of such a flow, that we have been able to measure for the first time, using a photochromic technique. We establish the relation between the flow profile and the structure distortion.
Fatigue and related factors after liver transplantation (2015)

Fatigue is present in a considerable portion of recipients after LT, and almost half of them have severe fatigue. Further efforts are needed to decrease fatigue in LT recipients.
RNA accessibility prediction: a theoretical approach is consistent with experimental studies in cell extracts (2000)

The use of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) or ribozymes to specifically suppress gene expression is simple in concept and relies on efficient binding of the antisense strand to the target RNA. Although the identification of target sites accessible to base pairing is gradually being overcome by different techniques, it remains a major problem in the antisense and ribozyme approaches. In this study we have investigated the potential of a recent experimental and theoretical approach to predict the local accessibility of murine DNA-methyltransferase (MTase) mRNA in a comparative way. The accessibility of the native target RNA was probed with antisense ODN in cellular extracts. The results strongly correlated with the theoretically predicted target accessibility. This work suggests an effective two-step procedure for predicting RNA accessibility: first, computer-aided selection of ODN binding sites defined by an accessibility score followed by a more detailed experimental procedure to derive information about target accessibility at the single nucleotide level.
Presentation of the Biochip experiment on the EXPOSE-R2 facility aboard the International Space Station (2012)

International audience
Automated empirical tuning of scientific codes for performance and power consumption (2011)

Automatic empirical tuning of compiler optimizations has been widely used to achieve portable high performance for scientific applications. However, as power dissipation becomes increasingly important in modern architecture design, few have attempted to empirically tune optimization configurations to reduce the power consumption of applications. We provide an automated empirical tuning framework that can be configured to optimize for both performance and energy efficiency. In particular, we extensively parameterize the configuration of a large number of compiler optimizations, including loop parallelization, blocking, unroll-and-jam, array copying, scalar replacement, strength reduction, and loop unrolling. We then use hardware counters combined with elapsed time to estimate both the performance and the power consumption of differently optimized code to automatically discover desirable configurations for these optimizations. We use a power meter to verify our tuning results on two multi-core computers and show that our approach can effectively achieve a balanced performance and energy efficiency on modern CMP machines.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 1,3,2‐OXAZA‐ AND DIAZAPHOSPHOLANES WITH CARBON DISULFIDE (1981)

Abstract 2‐Dialkylamino‐oxaza‐phospholane (I) reagieren mit Schwefelkohlenstoff (II) unter Insertion in die exocyclische P‐N‐Bindung,wie im Formelschema am Beispiel der Reaktion der Verbindungen (I) zu den Derivaten (III) gezeigt wird.
Reactivity Enhancement for Chiral Dirhodium(II) Tetrakis(Carboxamidates) (2001)

Difluorinated ligands from azetidinone-4-carboxylates and pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylate have been prepared, substituted onto dirhodium(II), and the reactivities and selectivities of the resulting catalysts have been examined. The fluorinated catalysts exhibit enhanced reactivity towards diazo decomposition but diminished enantioselectivities for cyclopropanation. Selectivity for ylide formation and rearrangement or Si-H insertion is enhanced or similar to that with unfluorinated analogues.
A region-divided search algorithms for game Amazons (2013)

A kind of alpha-beta search algorithm based on region-divided checkerboard for the game of Amazons was used to improve the efficiency. Hierarchy searching is adopted in this approach. Searching is firstly carried in the divided regions, then the searching result of the whole checkerboard is gotten according to those valued of various regions. The evaluation and integration of divided regions are also adjusted and optimized. In addition, the definition and recognition of divided regions are provided. Furthermore, the feasibility and complexity of the search algorithm are analyzed. Finally the efficiency of the algorithm is proved by experiments data.
Facial Image Analysis Based on Local Binary Patterns: A Survey (2011)

Facial image analysis, including face detection, face recognition,facial expression analysis, facial demographic classification, and so on, is an important and interesting research topic in the computervision and image processing area, which has many important applications such as human-computer interaction and visual surveillance. Acritical step for successful facial image analysis is to derive an effective facial representation from the original face images. In recent years, Local Binary Patterns (LBP) has received increasing attention for facial description. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of LBP methodology in the context of facial image analysis. Different aspects are addressed, including recent development of LBP, LBP feature selection, its applications in different facial image analysis tasks and existing systems, and so on. With more than 100 papers reviewed, this is the first extensive review on LBP-based facial image analysis.
The swappable logic unit: a paradigm for virtual hardware (2002)

Swappable Logic Units (SLUs) were introduced by the author previously (1996) to play a role in virtual hardware subsystems that is analogous to the role of pages or segments in virtual memory subsystems. The intention is that a conventional operating system can be extended to manage SLU circuitry implemented using FPGA real estate. In order to minimise operating system overheads, two particular SLU-based virtual hardware models were deemed practical: a "sea of accelerators" model and a "parallel harness" model. This paper looks in some detail at how SLUs will fit within the overall environment of a fairly conventional hardware/software system. First, there is a discussion of the FPGA-based hardware environment for SLUs, followed by a discussion of the software environment from which SLUs might be used. After this, there is a description of the operational properties that SLUs can have, and how these fit in with the two virtual hardware models. Finally, proposals for standard interfaces between SLUs and their environment are discussed. These interfaces can be regarded as constraints on the designers of SLU circuitry or, more positively, as suppliers of an enriched context within which such circuitry operates. The overall impact of the work presented in the paper is to show that it is feasible to incorporate configurable hardware within traditional computer systems that use high-level language programs and computer operating systems. That is, it should not always be necessary to devise special-purpose hardware/software systems to realise custom computing.