gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(methyl methacrylate)s with Pendant Calixpyrroles and Crown Ethers: Polymeric Extractants for Potassium Halides (2008)

Fishing for KF: Potassium fluoride and chloride salts can be extracted from aqueous media using poly(methyl methacrylate)s containing pendant calix[4]pyrrole and crown ether groups (see picture). These polymers are able to extract these salts much more efficiently than calixpyrrole, crown ether, linked crown ether calixpyrrole monomers, polymers containing either recognition unit, or poly(methyl methacrylate) controls. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Time-varying electromagnetic media: opinion (2022)

In this opinion article, we briefly summarize some of the background materials and recent developments in the field of temporal and spatiotemporal media and provide our opinion on some of potential challenges, opportunities, and open research questions for manipulation of fields and waves in four dimensions.
Negative regulation of defense responses in plants by a conserved MAPKK kinase (2000)

The enhanced disease resistance 1 ( edr1 ) mutation of Arabidopsis confers resistance to powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. Resistance mediated by the edr1 mutation is correlated with induction of several defense responses, including host cell death. Double mutant analysis revealed that all edr1- associated phenotypes are suppressed by mutations that block salicylic acid (SA) perception ( nim1 ) or reduce SA production ( pad4 and eds1 ). The NahG transgene, which lowers endogenous SA levels, also suppressed edr1. In contrast, the ein2 mutation did not suppress edr1- mediated resistance and associated phenotypes, indicating that ethylene and jasmonic acid-induced responses are not required for edr1 resistance. The EDR1 gene was isolated by positional cloning and was found to encode a putative MAP kinase kinase kinase similar to CTR1, a negative regulator of ethylene responses in Arabidopsis . Taken together, these data suggest that EDR1 functions at the top of a MAP kinase cascade that negatively regulates SA-inducible defense responses. Putative orthologs of EDR1 are present in monocots such as rice and barley, indicating that EDR1 may regulate defense responses in a wide range of crop species.
Isobutyl Silane Precursors for SiCH Low-kCap Layer beyond the 22 nm Node: Analysis of Film Structure for Compatibility of Lowerk-value and High Barrier Properties (2011)

To form SiCH films with a high carbon content using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD), isobutyl trimethylsilane (iBTMS) and diisobutyl dimethylsilane (DiBDMS) were examined as precursors for a low-k cap layer and Cu diffusion barrier at the top of Cu lines. We elucidated the relationship between the structure of low-k SiCH films made from these newly developed precursors and their barrier properties against copper and oxygen diffusion. We also studied the relationship between the structure of SiCH and the deposition process under various RF plasma powers. A Monte Carlo simulation was employed to estimate the deposition profile in an overhang test structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analyze molecular structures. Our studies indicate that deposition conditions cannot dictate carbon content, but can control porosity/density. Precursor selection is thus an important factor in forming SiCH with a high carbon content that achieves both lower k and good barrier properties.
New algorithm for testing random access memories (1991)

A linear time complexity algorithm to test RAMs is presented. The algorithm requires only 7n read/write operations and provides an extensive fault coverage. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that a small test time can be achieved.
Skin changes induced by a zinc oxide dressing compared with a hydrocolloid dressing in healthy individuals (2005)

We found increased TEWL and decreased water content in skin treated with the zinc oxide adhesive, but increased water-loss and water content when the hydrocolloid adhesive was used. In addition, the area treated with zinc oxide adhesive showed significant increase of epidermal thickness, scaly appearance and parakeratosis with similarities to pathological dry skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, changes that were not found when using the hydrocolloid adhesive. The skin response seems to be the result of the content of zinc oxide and the mechanical interaction of the zinc oxide adhesive. We conclude that the nature of the adhesive plays an important role in the skin response to repeated application of adhesives, as seen in peristomal skin.
Bytecode-based software monitoring and trusted evolution programming framework (2012)

Point to reliability of distributed software in open complex environment, this paper proposes a bytecode-based software monitoring and trusted evolution programming framework, which injects monitoring ability and evolution ability into the software in construction and running phase. The framework is comprised of three module, business-logic and monitor-requirement description module (BMDM), monitoring capability infusing module (MCIM), and online evolution module (OEM), BMDM provides monitoring requirement expression language MRL+, MCIM compiles monitoring requirements monitoring requirement into aspect code, insert aspect code into source system by bytecode-based AOP technology, generate the target system with monitoring ability, and send monitoring information to OEM by event. OEM compares the state event with predefined evolution rules, when the predefined rules are triggered, perform the evolution actions, achieve real-time system's monitoring and correction. Finally, actual cases are analyzed to show that the framework can construct reliability software with monitoring ability and evolution ability efficiently.
Binaural Wind-Noise Tracking with Steering Preset (2022)

Optimal performance of many speech enhancement methods is bound to an accurate noise power-spectral density (PSD) estimation. While for stationary noises, such as the white Gaussian or car noise, several approaches have proven themselves to perform sufficiently good, non-stationary noise types like the wind noise are more challenging. In the binaural setting and in multichannel systems, the speech-blocking method is essential to recent developments for non-stationary noise estimation. It critically requires information of the acoustic channel transfer function from source to listener. In this paper, we propose such noise-subspace approach for wind-noise PSD estimation, which relies on data-driven blind channel identification in speech presence and on a-priori acoustic channel information (i.e., the steering preset) in speech pause, where the smooth transition of both is controlled by a-priori SNR. The algorithm is designed for entire online operation based on the current noisy frame input. It improves on straightforward recursive subspace analysis and on established single-channel estimation in the wind-noise scenario, while dealing well with speech presence or babble noise too.
Real-Time Realization of a Family of Optimal Infinite-Memory Non-Causal Systems (2018)

In this paper, we consider a problem of designing discrete-time systems which are optimal in frequency-weighted least squares sense subject to a maximal output amplitude constraint. It can be shown for such problems, in general, that the optimality conditions do not provide an explicit way of generating the optimal output as a real-time implementable transformation of the input, due to instability of the resulting dynamical equations and sequential nature in which criterion function is revealed over time. In this paper, we show that, under some mild assumptions, the optimal system has exponentially fading memory. We then propose a causal and stable finite-dimensional nonlinear system which, under an L1 dominance assumption about the equation coefficients, returns high-quality approximations to the optimal solution. The fading memory of the optimal system justifies the receding horizon assumption and suggests that such approach can serve as a cheaper alternative to standard MPC-based algorithms. The result is illustrated on a problem of minimizing peak-to-average-power ratio of a communication signal, stemming from power-efficient transceiver design in modern digital communication systems.
Input filter design for PWM current-source rectifiers (2002)

Pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifiers allow the elimination of low order harmonics. Filtering requirements for PWM current-source rectifiers are usually satisfied through the use of low-pass LC input filters. The design of LC filters involves the positioning of the resonant frequency to meet the harmonic attenuation requirements (THD), and the introduction of damping at the resonant frequency to avoid amplification of residual harmonics. The systematic approach proposed is focused on PWM rectifiers but can be extended to other classes of converters. Practical design considerations are detailed and design equations are derived. Simulated results are presented to validate the design approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Linkage Study of Panic Disorder (1987)

We tested for linkage between panic disorder and a battery of 29 genetic markers in 26 families. Linkage between panic disorder and 18 of the marker loci could be excluded at a recombination fraction of 0.00, nine at a recombination fraction of 0.05, and four at a recombination fraction of 0.10. The 18 loci are distributed over ten chromosomes. One locus was suggestive of linkage. The maximum lod score for alpha-haptoglobin was 2.27 at a recombination fraction of 0.0, representing odds in favor of linkage of 186.1. alpha-Haptoglobin has been mapped to chromosome 16q22. The results demonstrate that linkage studies of psychiatric disorders can yield informative results by identifying tentative linkages that merit further investigation and by excluding regions of the genome from future linkage searches.
Crystallographic Changes Accompanying the Verwey Transition in a Magnetite from Steatite (2020)

The crystallographic structural analysis of the magnetite of a steatite rock at 298 K, (saturation magnetization, = 95.0 J T -1 kg -1 ) showed two cubic networks and, below Verwey temperature (T V ca.120 K) a monoclinic structure, basing on their cell dimensions and different transitional behaviors when reducing the temperature. A monoclinic structure was identified from their cell dimensions and different transition behaviors when reducing the temperature. The average chemical formula of this almost stoichiometric magnetite was deduced from the chemical analysis, 298 K-Mssbauer and the structural refinement. The Rietveld fitting of the 298 K X-ray pattern is
Three-dimensional imaging for the quantification of spatial patterns in microbiota of the intestinal mucosa (2022)

Improving our understanding of host–microbe relationships in the gut requires the ability to both visualize and quantify the spatial organization of microbial communities in their native orientation with the host tissue. We developed a systematic procedure to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) spatial structure of the native mucosal microbiota in any part of the intestines with taxonomic and high spatial resolution. We performed a 3D biogeographical analysis of the microbiota of mouse cecal crypts at different stages of antibiotic exposure. By tracking eubacteria and four dominant bacterial taxa, we found that the colonization of crypts by native bacteria is a dynamic and spatially organized process. Ciprofloxacin treatment drastically reduced bacterial loads and eliminated Muribaculaceae (or all Bacteroidetes entirely) even 10 d after recovery when overall bacterial loads returned to preantibiotic levels. Our 3D quantitative imaging approach revealed that the bacterial colonization of crypts is organized in a spatial pattern that consists of clusters of adjacent colonized crypts that are surrounded by unoccupied crypts, and that this spatial pattern is resistant to the elimination of Muribaculaceae or of all Bacteroidetes by ciprofloxacin. Our approach also revealed that the composition of cecal crypt communities is diverse and that Lactobacilli were found closer to the lumen than Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, regardless of antibiotic exposure. Finally, we found that crypts communities with similar taxonomic composition were physically closer to each other than communities that were taxonomically different.
Aggressive Cranial Vault Decompression for Cranial Hyperostosis: Technical Case Report of Two Cases (2005)

Effective surgical options are needed for clinically significant cranial hyperostosis. In an effort to further define operative management in these patients, we describe a single, aggressive surgical procedure that may be used for successful cranial decompression.
Stable Gain-Guided Soliton Propagation in a Polarized Yb-Doped Mode-Locked Fiber Laser (2012)

We demonstrate gain-guided dissipative soliton operation of a linearly polarized Yb-doped fiber laser, mode-locked by carbon nanotubes. In the regime of low nonlinear phase shift per cavity roundtrip, a dissipative soliton pulse can be supported by the finite gain bandwidth, without the need for strong spectral selection. The gain-guiding dynamics are confirmed by simulations.
TH-E-217BCD-07: Quantitative Comparison of Noise Texture Across CT Scanners from Different Vendors (2012)

Purpose: To quantitatively compare noise texture across CT scanners from different vendors using the Noise Power Spectrum (NPS). Methods: The American College of Radiology CT accreditation phantom (Gammex 464, Gammex, Inc., Middleton, WI) was imaged on two scanners: Discovery CT 750HD (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI), and SOMATOM Definition Flash (Siemens Healthcare, Germany), using a consistent acquisition protocol (120 kVp, 5 mm slice thickness, 250/200 mAs, and 22 cm field of view). Images were reconstructed using filtered backprojection and a wide selection of reconstruction kernels. For each image set, the 2D NPS were estimated from the uniform section of the phantom. The spectra were normalized by their integral value, radially averaged, and filtered by the human visual response function. A systematic kernel-by-kernel comparison across vendors was performed by computing the peak locations of the spectra and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the filtered NPS of each kernel. GE and Siemens kernels were compared and kernel pairs that minimized the RMSE and the spectra peak location difference were matched. Results: The RMSE between the NPS of GE and Siemens kernels varied from 0.01 to 0.30 mm2. The GE kernels ‘Soft’, ‘Standard’, ‘Chest’, and ‘Lung’ closely matched the Siemens kernels ‘B35f’, ‘B43f’, ‘B46f’, and ‘B80f’ (RMSE<0.03 mm2, peak difference<0.02 cycles/mm). The GE ‘Bone’, ‘Bone+’, and ‘Edge’ kernels were all matched to Siemens ‘B75f’ kernel but with sizeable RMSE and peak differences up to 0.20 mm2 and 0.47 cycles/mm respectively. These sizeable RMSE and peak differences corresponded to visually perceivable differences in the noise texture of the images. Conclusions: It is possible to use the NPS to quantitatively compare noise texture across CT systems. The degree to which similar texture across scanners could be achieved varies and is limited by the kernels available on each scanner.
Optimizing Interventions via Offline Policy Evaluation: Studies in Citizen Science (2018)

Volunteers who help with online crowdsourcing such as citizen science tasks typically make only a few contributions before exiting. We propose a computational approach for increasing users' engagement in such settings that is based on optimizing policies for displaying motivational messages to users. The approach, which we refer to as Trajectory Corrected Intervention (TCI), reasons about the tradeoff between the long-term influence of engagement messages on participants' contributions and the potential risk of disrupting their current work. We combine model-based reinforcement learning with off-line policy evaluation to generate intervention policies, without relying on a fixed representation of the domain. TCI works iteratively to learn the best representation from a set of random intervention trials and to generate candidate intervention policies. It is able to refine selected policies off-line by exploiting the fact that users can only be interrupted once per session.We implemented TCI in the wild with Galaxy Zoo, one of the largest citizen science platforms on the web. We found that TCI was able to outperform the state-of-the-art intervention policy for this domain, and significantly increased the contributions of thousands of users. This work demonstrates the benefit of combining traditional AI planning with off-line policy methods to generate intelligent intervention strategies.
A flow network analysis of a liquid cooling system that incorporates microchannel heat sinks (2004)

The objective of this study is to show the applicability of Flow Network Modeling (FNM) in analyzing liquid cooling systems that incorporate microchannel heat sinks. The study is divided in two parts. In the first part, an analytical model of a microchannel heat sink is proposed and its validity is established by comparison with a detailed CFD analysis. In the second part of the study, a liquid cooled system that accommodates three microchannel heat sinks is analyzed using Flow Network Modeling (FNM). In the FNM method, the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient of the components in the system are calculated using analytical or empirical correlations. The goal of the analysis is to balance the liquid flow passing through each heat sink such that the chips case temperature remains below recommended values. This study illustrates the use of the FNM technique for analyzing liquid cooled systems and microchannel heat sinks.
Interacting multiple model (IMM) Kalman filters for robust high speed human motion tracking (2003)

Accurate and robust tracking of humans is of growing interest in the image processing and computer vision communities. The ability of a vision system to track the subjects and accurately, predict their future locations is critical to many surveillance and camera control applications. Further, an inference of the type of motion as well as to rapidly detect and switch between motion models is critical since in some applications the switching time between motion models can be extremely small. The interacting multiple model (IMM) Kalman filter provides a powerful framework for performing the tracking of both the motion as well as the shape of these subjects. The tracking system utilizes a simple geometric shape primitive such as an ellipse to define a bounding extent of the subject. The utility of the IMM paradigm for rapid model switching and behaviour detection is shown for a passenger airbag suppression system in an automobile. The simplicity, of the methods and the robustness of the underlying IMM filtering make the framework well suited for low-cost embedded real-time motion sequence analysis systems.
Li7PS6 and Li6PS5X (X: Cl, Br, I): Possible Three‐dimensional Diffusion Pathways for Lithium Ions and Temperature Dependence of the Ionic Conductivity by Impedance Measurements (2011)

Abstract Possible three‐dimensional diffusion pathways of lithium ions in crystalline lithium argyrodites are discussed based on earlier studies of local dynamics and site preferences. The specific Li‐ionic conductivities of the lithium argyrodites Li 7 PS 6 and Li 6 PS 5 X ( X : Cl, Br, I) and their temperature dependences are measured by impedance spectroscopy using different electron‐blocking and ion‐blocking electrode systems. Measurements were carried out between 160 K and 550 K depending on the respective sample. Bulk and grain boundary contributions and the influence of sample preparation are discussed. Typical values for the ionic conductivities at room temperature are in the range 10 –7 to 10 –5 S · cm –1 and at 500 K between 10 –6 and 10 –3 S · cm –1 . Thermal activation energies are in the range 0.16 to 0.56 eV. The electronic conductivity at room temperature was measured by polarization measurements for the samples Li 6 PS 5 X ( X : Cl, Br) and was shown to be in the order of magnitude of 10 –8 S · cm –1 . Chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium were calculated based on the polarization measurements. For Li 6 PS 5 Br a high value of 3.5 × 10 –6 cm 2 · s –1 was found.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF ES-INDUCED ISOMETRIC LEG EXERCISE DURING LOWER BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE. (1989)

Davis, G. M. FACSM; Williamson, J. W.; Pawelczyk, J. A.; Glaser, R. M. FACSM; Raven, P. B. FACSM Author Information
Application of microbiological assay to determine pharmaceutical equivalence of generic intravenous antibiotics (2009)

The proposed method allows rapid, cost-saving, precise, and accurate determination of pharmaceutical equivalence of drugs in pharmaceutical dosage-form, and may be used as a technique for testing generic antibiotics prior to their approval for human use.
<title>Design review of a broadband, three-dimensional scatterometer</title> (1993)

A design review of a broadband, full reflection hemispherical Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function (BSDF) instrument is given. Monochromator-based and Fourier Transform Spectrometer-based (FTS) sources are described. The goniometer design shown allows the measurement of full reflection hemisphere scatter with transmission measurements possible.
Are the lower incisors the best predictors for the unerupted canine and premolars sums? an analysis of a Peruvian sample. (2005)

The lower permanent incisor tooth width sum has been proposed as the best predictor for the tooth width sums of the unerupted canine and premolars (SPCP) for populations from different ethnic origins. Only two previous studies have refuted it. The purpose of the present study was to determine which sum or combination of sums of permanent tooth widths presented the best prediction capability for the SPCP in a Peruvian sample, to calculate a specific linear regression equation for this population, and to evaluate the clinical significance. A total of 150 children with complete permanent dentitions were selected. Fifty more children were used as a validation sample for the application of a multiple linear regression equation (MLRE). They did not present clinically visible dental caries or proximal restorations and no active or previous orthodontic treatment. Their dental casts were measured to 0.1 mm with a sliding caliper with a Vernier scale. Three-way analysis of variance, Pearson Correlation Test, Fisher Z values and a MLRE were used for the statistical analysis. The combination of the sums of permanent upper and lower central incisors and upper first molars was the best predictor for the SPCP in this sample. A MLRE was calculated including sex and arch as additional predictor variables. The MLRE determination coefficient was 60% with a standard error of 0.8 mm. This new MLRE underestimates (less than 1 mm discrepancy) the actual SPCP in only 7% of the cases on the basis of a validation sample.