gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic consequences. The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naïve sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 was able to replicate in two different porcine cell lines with cytopathic effects. Interestingly, none of the SARS-CoV-2-inoculated pigs showed evidence of clinical signs, viral replication or SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Moreover, none of the sentinel pigs displayed markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data indicate that although different porcine cell lines are permissive to SARS-CoV-2, five-week old pigs are not susceptible to infection via oral/intranasal/intratracheal challenge. Pigs are therefore unlikely to be significant carriers of SARS-CoV-2 and are not a suitable pre-clinical animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or efficacy of respective vaccines or therapeutics.
Virtual GIS: a real-time 3D geographic information system (1995)

Advances in computer graphics hardware and algorithms, visualization, and interactive techniques for analysis offer the components for a highly integrated, efficient real-time 3D Geographic Information System. We have developed Virtual GIS, a system with truly immersive capability for navigating and understanding complex and dynamic terrain-based databases. The system provides the means for visualizing terrain models consisting of elevation and imagery data, along with GIS raster layers, protruding features, buildings, vehicles, and other objects. We have implemented window-based and virtual reality versions and in both cases provide a direct manipulation, visual interface for accessing the GIS data. Unique terrain data structures and algorithms allow rendering of large, high resolution datasets at interactive rates.
Identifying the Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide as a Side Reaction Impeding the Polymerization of N-Substituted Glycine N-Thiocarboxyanhydride (2018)

Polypeptoids are noticeable biological materials due to their versatile properties and various applications in drug delivery, surface modification, self-assembly, etc. N-Substituted glycine N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NNTAs) are more stable monomers than the corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides (NNCAs) and enable one to prepare polypeptoids via ring-opening polymerization even in the presence of water. However, larger amounts of water (>10,000 ppm) cause inhibition of the polymerization. Herein, we discover that during polymerization hydrogen sulfide evolves from the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide, which is the byproduct of ring-opening reaction, and reacts with NNTA to produce cyclic oligopeptoids. The capture of N-ethylethanethioic acid as an intermediate product confirms the reaction mechanism together with density functional theory quantum computational results. By bubbling the polymerization solution with argon, the side reaction can be suppressed to allow the synthesis of polysarcosine with high molar mass ( M<sub>n</sub> = 11,200 g/mol, Đ = 1.25) even in the presence of ∼10,000 ppm of water.
Electrical filtering in gerbil isolated type I semicircular canal hair cells (1996)

1. Membrane potential responses of dissociated gerbil type I semicircular canal hair cells to current injections in whole cell current-clamp have been measured. The input resistance of type I cells was 21.4 +/- 14.3 (SD) M omega, (n = 25). Around the zero-current potential (Vz = -66.6 +/- 9.3 mV, n = 25), pulsed current injections (from approximately -200 to 750 pA) produced only small-amplitude, pulse-like changes in membrane potential. 2. Injecting constant current to hyperpolarize the membrane to around -100 mV resulted in a approximately 10-fold increase in membrane resistance. Current pulses superimposed on this constant hyperpolarization produced larger and more complex membrane potential changes. Depolarizing currents > or = 200 pA caused a rapid transient peak voltage before a plateau. 3. Membrane voltage was able to faithfully follow sine-wave current injections around Vz over the range 1-1,000 Hz with < 25% attenuation at 1 kHz. A previously described K conductance, IKI, which is active at Vz, produces the low input resistance and frequency response. This was confirmed by pharmacologically blocking IKI. This conductance, present in type I cells but not type II hair cells, would appear to confer on type I cells a lower gain, but a much broader bandwidth at Vz, than seen in type II cells.
Oxidation of chiral 9-fluorinated substrates by castor stearoyl-ACP Δ9 desaturase yields novel products (2001)

Desaturation of (S)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP using stearoyl-ACP Δ9 desaturase yielded mainly (E)-9-fluoroalk-9-enic product, while desaturation of (R)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP gave the novel (Z)-9-fluoroalk-9-ene and (Z)-9-fluoroalk-10-ene.
[Optimized condition for protoplast isolation from maize, wheat and rice leaves]. (2013)

Maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are three staple crops and accordingly it is very meaningful to optimize the condition of their protoplasts isolation. The concentration of the enzyme, the time of isolation and centrifugal force in protoplast isolation were investigated to find their effects on protoplast yield and viability using leaves of maize (Zong 3), wheat (Chinese Spring) and rice (Nipponbare). The results show that the concentration of the enzyme and the time of isolation affected the protoplast yield significantly. Although the yield of protoplast was increased with high concentration of enzyme and long incubated time, it led to too much cells breakdown. The orthogonal experimental design results show that the best condition of maize protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 1.5%, Macerozyme R-10 0.5%, 50 r/min 7 h, 100 x g 2 min and the protoplasts yield was 7x106 cells/g fresh weight (FW); the best condition of wheat protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 1.5%, Macerozyme R-10 0.5%, 50 r/min 5 h, 100 x g 2 min and the protoplasts yield was 6 x 10(6) cells/g FW; the best condition of rice protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 2.0%, Macerozyme R-10 0.7%, 50 r/min 7 h, 1 000 x g 2 min and the protoplasts yield was 6x10(6) cells/g FW. The vitalities were more than 90% using fluorescein diacetate staining method. 50%-80% transformation efficiency was obtained when protoplasts were transformed by green fluorescent protein using PEG-Ca2+ method.
Authentication and Key Agreement via Memorable Password. (2000)

This paper presents a new password authentication and key agreement protocol, AMP, based on the ampli ed password idea. The intrinsic problems with password authentication are the password itself has low entropy and the password le is very hard to protect. We presentthe ampli ed password proof and the ampli ed password le for solving these problems. A party commits the high entropy information and ampli es her password with that information in the amplifed password proof. She never shows any information except that she knows it. Our ampli ed password proof idea is very similar to the zero-knowledge proof in that sense. We adds one more idea � the ampli ed password le for password le protection. Aserver stores the ampli ed veri ers in the ampli ed password le that is secure against a server le compromise and a dictionary attack. AMP mainly provides the password-veri er based authentication and the Di e-Hellman based key agreement, securely and e ciently. AMP is easy to generalize in any other cyclic groups. In spite of those plentiful properties, AMP is actually the most e cient protocol among the related protocols due to the simultaneous multiple exponentiation method. Several variants such as AMPi,AMPn,AMPn+, AMP +,AMP++, and AMPc are also proposed. Among them, AMPn is actually the basic protocol of this paper that describes the ampli ed password proof idea while AMP is the most complete protocol that adds the ampli ed password le. AMPi simply removes the ampli ed password le from AMP.Intheend,wegive a comparison to the related protocols in terms of e ciency. This manuscript is a preliminary version of our paper available from the IACR eprint archive,
Extended Tactile Perception: Vibration Sensing through Tools and Grasped Objects (2021)

Humans display the remarkable ability to sense the world through tools and other held objects. For example, we are able to pinpoint impact locations on a held rod and tell apart different textures using a rigid probe. In this work, we consider how we can enable robots to have a similar capacity, i.e., to embody tools and extend perception using standard grasped objects. We propose that vibro-tactile sensing using dynamic tactile sensors on the robot fingers, along with machine learning models, enables robots to decipher contact information that is transmitted as vibrations along rigid objects. This paper reports on extensive experiments using the BioTac micro-vibration sensor and a new event dynamic sensor, the NUSkin, capable of multi-taxel sensing at 4 kHz. We demonstrate that fine localization on a held rod is possible using our approach (with errors less than 1 cm on a 20 cm rod). Next, we show that vibro-tactile perception can lead to reasonable grasp stability prediction during object handover, and accurate food identification using a standard fork. We find that multi-taxel vibro-tactile sensing at a sufficiently high sampling rate (above 2 kHz) led to the best performance across the various tasks and objects. Taken together, our results provide both evidence and guidelines for using vibro-tactile perception to extend tactile perception, which we believe will lead to enhanced competency with tools and better physical human-robot interaction.
Aerosol infection of calves and mice with Salmonella typhimurium. (1988)

The likelihood of airborne spread and infection by Salmonella typhimurium was studied in calves and mice. S typhimurium survived in air sufficiently long to present a significant hazard of airborne spread. In a dry climate (32 per cent relative humidity) its predicted viability five minutes after aerosolization was 4 per cent relative to its initial value. This increased to 24.8 per cent in a humid atmosphere (72 per cent relative humidity). Inhalation of S typhimurium by mice caused disease and death at times dependent upon the dose. Even the lowest dose of about 150 colony forming units (cfu) produced disease. Inoculation of approximately 10(4) to 10(6) cfu S typhimurium by either 'mouth and nose only' or 'whole body' aerosol exposure caused infection in calves. The consequences for the control of salmonellosis in intensive calf husbandry are discussed in the light of this demonstration that airborne transmission can be a primary mode of infection of S typhimurium.
Scaling of Optical Forces with Material Response and Nanoscale Geometry (2015)

We develop scaling laws which explore the parameters that strongly impact optical forces in nanoscale guided-wave systems and demonstrate their application to device design. These analytical results also provide a benchmark for numerical simulations.
Demonstration of the Rat Ischemic Skin Wound Model (2015)

The propensity for chronic wounds in humans increases with ageing, disease conditions such as diabetes and impaired cardiovascular function, and unrelieved pressure due to immobility. Animal models have been developed that attempt to mimic these conditions for the purpose of furthering our understanding of the complexity of chronic wounds. The model described herein is a rat ischemic skin flap model that permits a prolonged reduction of blood flow resulting in wounds that become ischemic and resemble a chronic wound phenotype (reduced vascularization, increased inflammation and delayed wound closure). It consists of a bipedicled dorsal flap with 2 ischemic wounds placed centrally and 2 non-ischemic wounds lateral to the flap as controls. A novel addition to this ischemic skin flap model is the placement of a silicone sheet beneath the flap that functions as a barrier and a splint to prevent revascularization and reduce contraction as the wounds heal. Despite the debate of using rats for wound healing studies due to their quite distinct anatomic and physiologic differences compared to humans (i.e., the presence of a panniculus carnosus muscle, short life-span, increased number of hair follicles, and their ability to heal infected wounds) the modifications employed in this model make it a valuable alternative to previously developed ischemic skin flap models.
An mRNA-based anti-tick vaccine catches ticks red-handed (2021)

An anti-tick mRNA cocktail vaccine promotes tick detachment and prevents transmission of tick-borne infection in guinea pigs (Sajid <i>et al.</i>).
Versatility of cycloaddition of electrophilic alkynes to η2-CS2metal complexes. Reversible isomerisation of 1,3-dithiol-2-ylideneiron and heterometallocyclic complexes (1978)

H. L. Bozec, A. Gorgues and P. Dixneuf, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 573 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000573
A new socket roughness factor for prediction of rock socket shaft resistance (2001)

Prediction of rock socket shaft resistance is a complex problem. Conventional methods for predicting the peak shaft resistance are typically empirically related to unconfined compressive strength through the results of pile load tests. It is shown by reference to international pile socket databases that the degree of confidence which can be applied to these empirical methods is relatively low. Research at Monash University has been directed at understanding and then modelling the complex mechanisms of shear transfer at the interface between the socketed piles and the surrounding rock. Important factors that affect the strength of pile sockets have been identified in laboratory and numerical studies. With a knowledge of the effect of these factors, the reasons for the large scatter around traditional empirical correlations can be deduced. A computer program called ROCKET has been developed which encompasses all aspects of the Monash University rock socket research. This program has been used to develop design charts for rock-socketed piles based on unconfined compressive strength and a nondimensional factor which has been designated the shaft resistance coefficient (SRC). Implementation of the SRC method in design requires an estimate of the likely socket roughness to be made. Very few researchers or practitioners have measured socket roughness, so there is little available guidance in selection of appropriate values. Although many socket load tests are described in the technical literature, the physical parameter which is regularly missing is the socket roughness. With a knowledge of the shaft resistance, and an estimate of all other relevant parameters, the authors have been able to back-calculate the apparent socket roughness using the SRC method. Based on the back-calculated roughness data, socket roughness guidelines for use in analysis and design of rock sockets have been proposed. Using these roughness guidelines, it is shown that the SRC method is able to predict the scatter observed in previously published international load test databases.Key words: rock socket, drilled shaft, shaft resistance, roughness, shaft resistance coefficient.
A Hybrid Oscillatory Interference/Continuous Attractor Network Model of Grid Cell Firing (2014)

Grid cells in the rodent medial entorhinal cortex exhibit remarkably regular spatial firing patterns that tessellate all environments visited by the animal. Two theoretical mechanisms that could generate this spatially periodic activity pattern have been proposed: oscillatory interference and continuous attractor dynamics. Although a variety of evidence has been cited in support of each, some aspects of the two mechanisms are complementary, suggesting that a combined model may best account for experimental data. The oscillatory interference model proposes that the grid pattern is formed from linear interference patterns or "periodic bands" in which velocity-controlled oscillators integrate self-motion to code displacement along preferred directions. However, it also allows the use of symmetric recurrent connectivity between grid cells to provide relative stability and continuous attractor dynamics. Here, we present simulations of this type of hybrid model, demonstrate that it generates intracellular membrane potential profiles that closely match those observed in vivo, addresses several criticisms aimed at pure oscillatory interference and continuous attractor models, and provides testable predictions for future empirical studies.
A new method for the estimation of position accuracy in parallel manipulators with joint clearances by screw theory (2008)

This paper presents a novel method based on screw theory for the analysis of positioning accuracy in parallel manipulators with joint clearances. A general method is introduced, and a new analytical procedure is formulated which allows to determine analytically a sub-optimal estimation of the worst case condition for positioning accuracy. Moreover this procedure can determine exactly the worst-case angular accuracy in translating fully-parallel manipulators under the influence of joint clearances. The relevance of the method is demonstrated by two application examples, that clearly demonstrate how kinematic properties, such as kinematic isotropy, are strictly related to position accuracy in mechanisms with joint clearances.
On-line Precolumn Derivatization for HPLC Determination of Methotrexate Using a Column Packed Oxidant (1997)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method involving on-line precolumn oxidative cleavage and fluorimetric detection was developed for the determination of methotrexate in plasma. Plasma samples were subjected to protein precipitation followed by solvent purification and then injection into the chromatographic system. Cerium (IV) trihydroxyhydroperoxide (CTH) was introduced as a packed oxidant before analytical column for the conversion of methotrexate into highly fluorescent 2,4-diaminopteridine derivatives. The oxidative cleavage of methotrexate occurs during the flow of 0.04 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) containing the drug through CTH column with a flow-rate of 0.2 mL/min at 40 degrees C. The separation was performed on a reversed-phase column (ODS/TM) using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 6.6) and acetonitrile (90:10 v/v). The fluorescent products were monitored fluorimetrically at emission and excitation wavelengths of 463 and 367 nm, respectively. Validation of accuracy and precision were satisfactory for both within- and between-run assays. All coefficients of variance were less than 4% and mean relative errors were within 1.11% to 7.83%. The average recovery was found to be 93.74% to 98.11%. The proposed method is highly sensitive, specific and applicable to biological fluids.
Rücktitelbild: DFT‐basierte Entdeckung von Ethynyl‐Triazolyl‐Phosphinaten als modulare Elektrophile für die chemoselektive Cystein‐Biokonjugation und Profilierung (Angew. Chem. 41/2022) (2022)

The fast and the furious: Ein DFT-Booster zur Beschleunigung der Cystein-Biokonjugation! In ihrem Forschungsartikel (e202205348) stellen Mu-Hyun Baik, Christian P. R. Hackenberger und Mitarbeiter Ethinyltriazolphosphinate (ETPs) als modulare Elektrophile für den unkomplizierten Einbau in komplexe Frachten und Proteine für modulare Protein- und Antikörpermodifizierungsstrategien vor (Titelbild: Barth van Rossum, FMP).
Intrinsic Spin Fluctuations Reveal the Dynamical Response Function of Holes Coupled to Nuclear Spin Baths in (In,Ga)As Quantum Dots (2012)

The problem of how single central spins interact with a nuclear spin bath is essential for understanding decoherence and relaxation in many quantum systems, yet is highly nontrivial owing to the many-body couplings involved. Different models yield widely varying time scales and dynamical responses (exponential, power-law, gaussian, etc.). Here we detect the small random fluctuations of central spins in thermal equilibrium [holes in singly charged (In,Ga)As quantum dots] to reveal the time scales and functional form of bath-induced spin relaxation. This spin noise indicates long (400 ns) spin correlation times at a zero magnetic field that increase to ∼5 μs as dominant hole-nuclear relaxation channels are suppressed with small (100 G) applied fields. Concomitantly, the noise line shape evolves from Lorentzian to power law, indicating a crossover from exponential to slow [∼1/log(t)] dynamics.
Real-time Phase Tracking Method for IEEE 802.11a/g/n Receiver under Phase Noise Condition (2006)

In the IEEE 802.11a/g/n system, frequency offset between a transmitter and a receiver is compensated using the preamble of the frame. Moreover, continuous frequency compensation is possible using pilot subcarriers in cases where the frequency offset varies in following data symbols. This continuous compensation is important since serious phase noise occurs in the frequency synthesizer of 5/2.4 GHz, distorts OFDM symbols, and makes demodulation of 16QAM or 64QAM signals difficult. Recently the problem regarding phase noise has come one of the most prominent issues in development of radio communication systems. Conventionally, a method that measures the phase rotation of the signal using a pilot subcarrier and compensates the rotation by extrapolation is known. However, by the conventional method, a fast phase fluctuation cannot be followed since extrapolation mainly follows the constant phase rotation. Therefore, we propose a phase compensation method which can acquire good receiving characteristics also under phase noise environment. The proposed method applies both measured phase rotation of each OFDM symbol itself and the average of them with constant ratio. Then, tracking for both the steady and the fluctuated frequency offset becomes possible
Effect of anionic surfactants on the release on clorpheniramine malete from an inert, heterogeneous matrix (1992)

AbstractThe release from a matrix compressed from a physical mixture of chlorpheniramine maleate, chlorinated poly(propylene), lactose and an anionic surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) has been investigated. The formation of a poorly water-soluble complex between the chlorpheniramine and the anionic surfactant slows the release to a minimum at low concentrations of surfactant; however, at higher concentrations of surfactant the release is faster due to solubilization in the micellar phase of the ion-pair. The interactin between the chlorpheniramine maleate and the anionic surfactant also influences the release of a second, noninteracting compound from the matrix.
Developmental disease and cancer: Biological and clinical overlaps (2013)

Numerous parallelisms exist between development and cancer. In this article, I review some of the founding ideas linking development and cancer, and highlight clinical conditions exhibiting features of both developmental derangement and cancer predisposition, including cohesinopathies, rasopathies, phakomatoses, Proteus syndrome and other overgrowth disorders, recessive chromosome breakage syndromes, and dominant hereditary cancer syndromes. I suggest that these disorders encompass a continuous spectrum spanning clinical genetics and clinical oncology, and derive some general implications that might be useful in the future for the treatment of these diseases.