gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selektivhydrierung von Fettstoffen mit metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren nach Ziegler‐Sloan‐Lapporte III: Selektivhydrierung von gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettnitrilen zu gesättigten und ungesättigten, primären und sekundären Fettaminen (1991)

Abstract Ein Talgfettnitril‐Schnitt mit 66% Ölsäurenitril und 27% Stearinsäurenitril wurde unter Verwendung homogener nickel‐oder kobaltorganischer Mischkatalysatoren nach Ziegler mit hoher Selektivität zu den entsprechenden gesättigten, primären oder sekundären Aminen oder unter Erhalt der Doppelbindung im eingesetzten Talgfettnitril zu ungesättigten, primären oder sekundären Fettaminen umgesetzt. Dabei wurde eine 97 proz. Selektivität für das Stearylamin, eine 100 proz. Selektivität für das Oleylamin, eine 97 proz. Selektivität für das Distearylamin und eine 76 proz. Selektivität für das Dioleylamin erzielt.
Memórias do encantamento de Vilanova Artigas (2005)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
X-ray scattering studies of thermally modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (2005)

Abstract Wood is thermally modified by heating and steaming in order to change its properties, e.g., to improve the biological resistance and to increase the hardness of wood. The structure of thermally modified Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) was studied using wide-angle, small-angle and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering methods. Modification temperatures varied from 100 to 240°C. No marked changes in the microfibril angle distribution were observed. The mass fraction of crystalline cellulose in wood (the crystallinity of wood) and the size of cellulose crystallites increased above 150°C. After modification at 230°C for 4 h the thickness of the cellulose crystallites increased from 3.1 to 3.4 nm. Thermal modification had no effect on the orientation of the voids, but an increase in the porosity of the cell wall was observed. The distance between cellulose crystallites was approximately 4.7 nm in hydrated wood and a decrease in order between microfibrils was observed at 160–200°C.
Efficacy of a trunk orthosis with joints providing resistive force on low back load during level walking in elderly persons (2016)

Our orthosis with joints providing resistive force decreased low back load and modified trunk and pelvis alignments during level walking in healthy elderly people.
Multi-Code MC-CDMA Using Joint CDTD and Inter-Code Interference Cancellation (2008)

In multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), a good bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved by using frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. However, the presence of residual inter-code interference (ICI) after MMSE-FDE and despreading degrades the BER performance of the multi-code MC-CDMA. The use of ICI cancellation can improve the BER performance of the multi-code MC-CDMA. To further improve the BER performance, transmit diversity technique is effective. In this paper, cyclic delay transmit diversity (CDTD) is considered. CDTD can achieve the frequency diversity gain, whereas the well-known space-time transmit diversity (STTD) can achieve the antenna diversity gain owing to the space-time coding and provide a better BER performance than CDTD. It is shown in this paper that the performance degradation of CDTD is mainly due to the residual ICI after MMSE-FDE. In order to achieve a good BER performance, the multi-code MC-CDMA using joint CDTD and ICI cancellation is proposed, and its BER performance is evaluated by computer simulation.
Molecular characterisation of phenylketonuria in a Chinese mainland population using next-generation sequencing (2015)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism, mainly caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The incidence of various PAH mutations differs among race and ethnicity. Here we report a spectrum of PAH mutations complied from 796 PKU patients from mainland China. The all 13 exons and adjacent intronic regions of the PAH gene were determined by next-generation sequencing. We identified 194 different mutations, of which 41 are not reported before. Several mutations reoccurred with high frequency including p.R243Q, p.EX6-96A > G, p.V399V, p.R241C, p.R111*, p.Y356*, p.R413P, and IVS4-1G > A. 76.33% of mutations were localized in exons 3, 6, 7, 11, 12. We further compared the frequency of each mutation between populations in northern and southern China, and found significant differences in 19 mutations. Furthermore, we identified 101 mutations that are not reported before in Chinese population, our study thus broadens the mutational spectrum of Chinese PKU patients. Additionally, 41 novel mutations will expand and improve PAH mutation database. Finally, our study offers proof that NGS is effective, reduces screening times and costs, and facilitates the provision of appropriate genetic counseling for PKU patients.
Thermodynamics of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs (1999)

Review of Basic Concepts and Equations. General Theory of Phase Equilibria and Irreversible Phenomena in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. Equation of State Representation of Reservoir Fluids Phase Behavior and Properties. Equilibirum, Stability, and Criticality. Thermodynamics of Wax and Asphaltene Precipitation.
Single carrier FDMA for uplink wireless transmission (2006)

Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC FDMA), a modified form of orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), is a promising technique for high data rate uplink communications in future cellular systems. SC-FDMA has similar throughput performance and essentially the same overall complexity as OFDMA. A principal advantage of SC-FDMA is the peak-to-average power ratio (PARR), which is lower than that of OFDMA. SC FDMA is currently a strong candidate for the uplink multiple access scheme in the long term evolution of cellular systems under consideration by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). In this paper, we give an overview of SC-FDMA. We also analyze the effects of subcarrier mapping on throughput and PARR. Among the possible subcarrier mapping approaches, we find that localized FDMA (LFDMA) with channel-dependent scheduling (CDS) results in higher throughput than interleaved FDMA (JFDMA). However, the PARR performance of IFDMA is better than that of LFDMA. As in other communications systems there are complex tradeoffs between design parameters and performance in an SC-FDMA system
Free Radicals Appear to Affect Survival of Hepatocytes at 4°C (1985)

1) Rat hepatocytes, stored in a simple salts medium for 24 h at 4 degrees C, retain more than 80% of their capacity to synthesize glucose from lactate. 2) The combination of NH4Cl with oleate is cytotoxic during storage and during subsequent incubation of hepatocytes from 48 h starved rats, but not to hepatocytes from fed rats. 3) Protection against cytotoxicity is afforded by albumin and by a number of other compounds, notably polyols and glycerol. 4) These compounds appear to exert their effects by scavenging free radicals and, in the case of polyols and glycerol, by supplying reducing equivalents to maintain the redox state of the cell in the face of increased flux through glutathione peroxidase.
Formulae of roughness peak distribution parameters with standard deviation and correlation length (2015)

Principle error exists when peak distribution parameters are calculated based on the random process theory, and the microtopography simulation with desired peak distributions still cannot be realized. To solve these problems, the relationship between peak distribution parameters and surface statistical distribution parameters is studied through lots of rough surface reconstructions. The effects of high-pass filtering with different cut-off lengths are analyzed. In addition, formulae of peak distribution parameters with standard deviation and correlation length are constructed by mathematical fitting. The formulae are verified with experimental data and compared with classical literature. Finally, an example of application of the formulae to microtopography simulation is provided.
[O4–02–04]: SERUM NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CONCENTRATION IN FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER's DISEASE AND ASSOCIATION WITH MARKERS OF DISEASE STAGE AND SEVERITY (2017)

There is great interest in finding accessible biomarkers of early neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. Serum neurofilament light (NfL) is a blood-based marker of axonal degeneration that may be useful in staging and tracking progression in early AD. The study of individuals at risk of familial AD (FAD) allows presymptomatic changes to be assessed. We assessed whether serum NfL concentration is increased in FAD both pre- and post-symptom onset, and its association with markers of disease stage and severity. Forty-eight individuals from families with PSEN1 or APP mutations that cause FAD were recruited: 18 had symptomatic AD and 30 were asymptomatic but at 50% risk of carrying a mutation. Serum NfL was measured using an ultrasensitive immunoassay on the Single molecule array (Simoa) platform. Cognitive testing and MRI were performed; 33 participants had serial MRI (mean interval=1.3 years), allowing calculation of atrophy rates. Blinded genetic testing established mutation status. A generalised least squares regression model was used to compare serum NfL between symptomatic mutation carriers, presymptomatic carriers and non-carriers, adjusting for age and gender. Spearman coefficients assessed associations between serum NfL and 1) estimated years to/from symptom onset (EYO), 2) cognitive measures, and 3) MRI measures of atrophy. Nineteen of the asymptomatic participants were mutation carriers (mean EYO=−9.6 years); eleven were non-carriers. Adjusting for age and gender, serum NfL concentration was significantly higher in both symptomatic mutation carriers (estimated difference in means 29.2pg/mL, 95% CI 19.3−39.1; p<0.0001) and presymptomatic mutation carriers (6.1pg/mL, 1.6−10.5, p=0.007) compared to non-carrier controls. Serum NfL correlated with EYO, across all mutation carriers (rho=0.81, p<0.0001) and in both the presymptomatic (rho=0.55, p=0.01) and symptomatic (rho=0.49, p=0.04) groups separately. Across all mutation carriers, serum NfL correlated with multiple cognitive and imaging measures, including MMSE (Spearman's rho=−0.62, p=0.0001), CDR SOB (rho=0.79, p<0.0001), baseline brain volume (rho=−0.62, p=0.0002), and subsequent rate of brain atrophy (rho=0.53, p=0.01).
Factors predicting renal function after partial nephrectomy: A multi-institutional analysis of data from the SIB working group. (2016)

e16063 Background: Despite earlier work suggesting that ischemia plays a dominant role in renal functional decline after partial nephrectomy (PN), more recent evidence indicates that parenchyma preserved plays a central role. It remains unclear whether factors such as tumor complexity, type of resection, ischemia type and time, and blood loss have an effect on renal function after PN after accounting for surgeon assessment of volume preservation (SAVP). We evaluated the impact of these factors on postop GFR in a multi-institutional cohort. Methods: Data were collected from 336 patients who underwent PN for suspected renal tumors at 12 centers in the US and Europe. Tumor size and complexity (RENAL & PADUA) were based on preop CT scan. SIB score described the type of resection, ranging from pure enucleation (0-1) to complete resection (5). Surgeons recorded blood loss, ischemia type and time, SIB and postop SAVP after PN. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the impact of each factor on postop GFR. Results: Median tumor size was 3.0 cm (IQR:2.4-4.3) and tumor complexity was moderate (median RENAL: 6 and PADUA:8). Ischemia was used in 85% of PN with median time of 16 min (IQR:14-21.5). In univariate analyses, the predictors of postop GFR included age (p < .0001), blood loss (p < .0001), tumor size (p = 0.03), use of ischemia (p = 0.035), and GFR adjusted for SAVP (p < .0001). In multivariate analyses, age (p = 0.03), blood loss (p = 0.02), use of ischemia (p = 0.0003) and GFR-SAVP ( < .0001) remained significant predictors of postop GFR (R2= .712). There was no association observed between ischemia time, RENAL, PADUA, or SIB scores and postop GFR (p = 0.11, 0.88, 0.82, 0.45, respectively). Conclusions: The size and complexity of renal tumors, resection technique, and ischemia time, appear to have minimal impact on postoperative renal function. The volume of parenchyma preserved during surgery appears to be of paramount importance in maintaining renal function after PN, along with use of an ischemic technique and minimization of bleeding.
Examination of the oxidative degradation of polyacrylonitrile using infrared spectroscopy (1963)

Abstract The oxidative thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile has been examined using infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the generally accepted mechanism for the thermal degradation of polyacrylonitrile in air, which involves direct interaction of neighboring nitrile groups, and alternate proposals, involving azomethine crosslinks through reaction of the nitrile group and a neighboring tertiary hydrogen atom, do not satisfactorily represent an initial degradation scheme accounting for the observed infrared spectral changes. Rather, it must be concluded that these reactions take place after the initial degradation, to produce highly complex pyridinoid systems, and are not observable under the experimental conditions employed here. By detailed interpretation of the spectral changes using, in part, a difference spectral examination technique, an alternate route for the oxidative degradation involving the introduction of double bonds in the polymer chain could be formulated. This reaction can best be visualized as occurring via the attack of molecular oxygen at the activated tertiary carbon–hydrogen bond adjacent to the electron‐withdrawing nitrile group. The nitrile group was shown to remain unreacted during the course of the initial oxidation. After the introduction of the double bond, a number of secondary degradative reactions, of which the previously proposed routes of degradation are representative, take place; these include degradation reactions of the nitrile groups to form acid and amide groups. It was observed that the accumulation of oxygenated intermediates on the surface of the polymer film is a rapid reaction and that the initial degradation process is controlled by the concentration of these species.
Geosynthetic Reinforced Wall Analysis Phase II: Use of In-Soil Geosynthetic Behavior to Predict Deformations, Volume 2: Implementation—Computer Codes and Files (1998)

As part of the reconstruction of Interstate 90 in Seattle, Washington, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) designed and supervised the construction of a geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) retaining wall located on Rainier Avenue, Seattle. The Rainier Avenue wall had a maximum height of 12.6 m and supported a nearly 6-m-high surcharge fill. At the time it was constructed, it was the highest GRS wall in the world. The wall was extensively instrumented and monitored during and after construction to evaluate its face deflections and the strain levels occurring in it. To define the actual stress distribution occurring in the Rainier Avenue wall, a two-phase research project was conducted by the University of Washington. Phase I included an extensive laboratory test program that used a newly developed plane strain device. Numerical analysis and modeling of the results of the instrumentation and laboratory tests constituted Phase II. The major tasks of the Phase II project were to (1) analyze the test result of the unit cell device (UCD), a plane strain GRS element testing device developed in Phase I; (2) develop numerical models of the Rainier Avenue wall using both material properties and test results of the UCD; and (3) using the results of tasks 1 and 2, develop a methodology for analyzing the working stress-strain distribution in the GRS retaining structures. The Phase II project was conducted from September 1995 to December 1997. During this period, two research programs were conducted simultaneously. One program concentrated on analyzing the UCD test results, and the other on developing the numerical models of the Rainier Avenue wall. Significant results were obtained from both research programs. Products of the Phase II research include an elasticity model that is capable of analyzing GRS behavior, composite properties of GRS elements, and four numerical models of the Rainier Avenue wall. Improved understanding of the working stress-strain distribution inside GRS retaining structures was also obtained with these products.
A novel method for standardized application of fungal spore coatings for mosquito exposure bioassays (2010)

K-bar coating is a simple and consistent method for applying fungal spore suspensions onto paper substrates and can produce coating layers with accurate effective spore concentrations. The mosquito bioassay was suitable for evaluating fungal infectivity and virulence, allowing optimizations of spore dose and exposure time. Use of this standardized application method will help achieve reliable results that are exchangeable between different laboratories.
Network planning with deep reinforcement learning (2021)

Network planning is critical to the performance, reliability and cost of web services. This problem is typically formulated as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. Today's practice relies on hand-tuned heuristics from human experts to address the scalability challenge of ILP solvers.
Regulation of the mouse retinal taurine transporter (TAUT) by protein kinases inXenopusoocytes (1996)

The goal was to investigate the role of protein kinases in modulating taurine transporter activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the mouse retinal Na+/C-/taurine transporter. The currents generated by the taurine transporter were studied with a two-electrode voltage clamp and we recorded the maximal current (Imax), presteady-state charge transfer Q, and membrane capacitance Cm. 8-Br-cAMP, a membrane-permeable activator of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), decreased Imax (41%), Q (41%) and Cm (10%). Similarly, 1 microM sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (DOG), an activator of the Ca2+/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase (PKC), decreased Imax (56%), Q (37%), and Cm (9%). Calyculin A, a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, also produced effects similar to those of 8-Br-cAMP and DOG, and decreased Imax (64 %), Q (38%), and Cm (10%). We conclude that the taurine transporter is regulated by activators of PKA and PKC, and regulation occurs largely by changes in the number of transporters in the plasma membrane.
An Alkylidyne Analogue of Tebbe's Reagent: Trapping Reactions of a Titanium Neopentylidyne by Incomplete and Complete 1,2‐Additions (2007)

Wer steckt hinter der Aluminiummaske? Das erste durch eine Gruppe-4-Lewis-Säure stabilisierte Alkylidin (2; siehe Bild) entstand bei der unvollständigen Addition von Trimethylaluminium an eine {TiCtBu}-Einheit (1; PNP=[2-{P(CHMe2)2}-4-MeC6H3]2N−). Dagegen addiert sich B(OCH3)3 unter B-O-Bindungsspaltung vollständig an 1 zu einem ungewöhnlichen Alkyliden. Der Komplex 2, eine maskierte Alkylidintitanverbindung, öffnet auch den Pyridinring.
Ice formation in protein crystals: effects of nanoconfinement (2018)

Ice formation within protein crystals is a significant obstacle to cryocrystallographic study of protein structure and has long prevented studies of how a protein's structural ensemble evolves with temperature in the most biophysically interesting range from 260 K to the protein-solvent glass transition near 200 K, where non-harmonic motions cease. Using protein crystals with solvent cavities as large as 68 A, larger than 98% of deposited structures in the Protein Data Bank, we study ice formation in response to quenches to temperatures between 260 K and 180 K as a function of glycerol concentration using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Maximum temperatures at which ice formation is observed are consistent with expected melting point suppression due to nanoconfinement. Internal crystalline solvent forms neither pure cubic or hexagonal ice, but a complex mixture where atomic planes of cubic and hexagonal ice stack in a disordered manner. The fraction of cubic planes in this ice increases with the addition of glycerol. Comparison of diffraction intensities from internal ice and the protein lattice allows the maximum ice volume fraction to be determined, and crystallography allows the solvent volume fraction within the unit cell to be determined. Combining these results, we determine the maximum crystallizable solvent fraction within three different protein crystal systems, and these fractions indicate that roughly a monolayer of water adjacent to the protein surface cannot be crystallized. Of greatest practical importance in crystallography, we show that with temperature steps and fast data collection before ice nucleation, ice free crystallographic data sets can be obtained with high probability from crystals with supercooled cryoprotectant-free liquid solvent at temperatures as low as 200 K. Moreover, this supercooled solvent facilitates post-cooling crystal relaxations from kinetically-favored states toward a new low-temperature equilibrium, and this can lead to substantial increases in crystal order.
Theory of system zones in capillary zone electrophoresis (2002)

In the last years, it has been shown that the formation and migration of system zones is an inherent feature of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and that it depends predominantly on the composition of an actual background electrolyte (BGE). In most of the currently used BGEs, the SZs are invisible by the UV absorbance detection system, however, the comigration of SZs with the zones of analytes deteriorates the analytical performance of CZE and may be fatal for its utilization. Therefore, the theoretical predictions of the existence and migration of SZs is of key importance for the expediency of CZE. This is a review of the theoretical treatments of SZs which reveals the origin and the properties of SZs and shows how to cope with them. Also, a table of some typical BGEs is presented where the existence and mobilities of SZs are given.
Migration of phthalates on culture plates – an important challenge to consider forin vitrostudies (2016)

Phthalates are endocrine disruptors of the reproductive system and suspected to influence many other organ and hormone systems. They are also semi-volatile organic compounds present in the gas phase in the environment. Their mode of action has been investigated in numerous in vitro studies. Multi-well culture plates are typically used to study phthalates in cell cultures. In a pilot study, we observed evidence of phthalate migration in 24-well culture plates. As this has not previously been described, we investigated the phenomenon in more detail. Primary human thyroid epithelial cell cultures (n = 8 cultures) were exposed to either di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) or di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Measurement of phthalate metabolites by mass spectrometry demonstrated that the short-branched DEP was able to migrate to adjacent wells when added to cell culture plates. DnBP also seemed to be able to migrate, unlike the long-branched DEHP or the monoester MnBP which did not seem to have this ability. High background levels of phthalate metabolites were also observed, which might compromise results from low dose phthalate studies. In conclusion, the migration of phthalates which is probably caused by their volatile properties might lead to false interpretation of study results.