gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, kinetic investigation and biological evaluation of Re(i) di- and tricarbonyl complexes with tertiary phosphine ligands (2019)

Rhenium(i) di- and tri-carbonyl complexes of the form fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(L,L'-Bid)X] and [Re(CO)<sub>2</sub>(L,L'-Bid)X<sub>2</sub>], where X = aqua (H<sub>2</sub>O), methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH), triphenylphosphine (PPh<sub>3</sub>), 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy<sub>3</sub>) and L,L'-Bid = O,O' bidentate ligands (tropolone = TropH and 3-hydroxyflavone = FlavH) and N,O bidentate ligands (8-hydroxyquinoline = QuinH, 5,7-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline = diCl-QuinH and quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid = QuinH<sub>2</sub>), were synthesized and unambiguously characterized by <sup>1</sup>H-, <sup>13</sup>C-and <sup>31</sup>P-NMR, IR, UV/Vis and micro-analysis. The crystal structures of four complexes, namely fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(QuinH)(H<sub>2</sub>O)]·H<sub>2</sub>O (5), fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(Quin)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] (11), fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(diCl-Quin)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] (12) and [Re(CO)<sub>2</sub>(Trop)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]·2C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> (20) were obtained. Re-P bonding distances for 11 and 12 are 2.4948(8) and 2.4908(8) Å, respectively, indicating the effect of the electron-withdrawing substituents of the diCl-Quin<sup>-</sup> ligand. The second-order rate constants for the substitutions of methanol at 25.1 °C in fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(L,L'-Bid)(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)] (L,L'-Bid = Trop, Flav and QuinH) type complexes by different entering phosphine ligands (PPh<sub>3</sub>, PCy<sub>3</sub>, and PTA) varied between 7.23(7) × 10<sup>-5</sup> and 1.32(3) × 10<sup>-3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and were found to depend on the coordinated bidentate ligand (in general k<sub>1</sub> (QuinH) < k<sub>1</sub> (Trop) < k<sub>1</sub> (Flav)). The toxicity of fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(QuinH)(PTA)], fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(Trop)(PTA)], fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(Trop)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] and fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(Flav)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] on the cervical cancer HeLa and epithelial RPE-1 cell lines was then evaluated. Complex fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(Flav)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] (16) and fac-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(Trop)(PPh<sub>3</sub>)] (13) displayed the highest cytotoxicity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 12.21 ± 0.17 μM and 13.35 ± 0.94 μM, respectively in HeLa cells. Interestingly, a small selectivity towards cancer over non-cancerous cells was observed for these compounds (IC<sub>50</sub> = 18.41 ± 3.16 μM and >25 μM in RPE-1 cells).
Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Life Cycle: Methods for Study Using Tissue Culture Models (2004)

The life cycle of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been difficult to study in tissue culture owing to its dependence on epithelial differentiation. In this chapter several methods are described to imitate the important steps in the HPV life cycle. Normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) harvested from neonatal foreskins were transfected with HPV type 31 genomes in order to generate stable cell lines containing episomal copies of HPV genomes. HPV-positive keratinocyte cultures were maintained in E medium in the presence of mitomycin C-treated J2 3T3 fibroblast feeders. Finally, the keratinocytes were induced to undergo epithelial differentiation in semisolid medium to provoke viral late functions like genomic amplification and late transcription.
Functional effects of APS and SH2-B on insulin receptor signalling (2001)

APS [for 'adapter protein with a pleckstrin homology (PH) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domain'] belongs to a family of adapter proteins involved in signalling by the receptors for insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, platelet-derived growth factor and nerve growth factor. Other members include alternatively spliced SH2-B isoforms (SH2Balpha, SH2-Bbeta and SH2-Bgamma) and Lnk. These have a C-terminal SH2 domain, a central PH domain and an N-terminal proline-rich region. SH2Balpha, APS and Lnk have a conserved C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation site, whereas the alternatively spliced SH2-Bbeta and SH2-Bgamma have distinct C-termini. There is considerable sequence similarity between APS, SH2-B and Lnk, particularly in the SH2 domain. Both APS and SH2-Balpha interact with the insulin-receptor activation loop phosphorylation sites and undergo insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation, although the phosphorylation of SH2-B is considerably weaker. APS couples c-Cbl to the insulin receptor, resulting in ubiquitination of the insulin receptor. We established cell lines [Chinese hamster ovary (CHO). T-APS and CHO. T-SH2-B cells] overexpressing APS and SH2-Balpha to study their roles in insulin receptor signalling. Either adapter protein enhances insulin receptor and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylation. In CHO. T-APS cells, Akt phosphorylation is observed earlier than in CHO.T-SH2-B cells. Both enhance insulin-stimulated Akt activation but APS seems to cause greater activation. Thus APS and SH2-B have similar effects on insulin receptor signalling, although the effects of SH2-B are independent of its phosphorylation.
Immobilization of Trypsin onto Silk Fibroin Fiber via Spacer Arms (2004)

Trypsin can be immobilized on silk fibroin fiber (SFF) by introducing several spacer arms, such as ethylene diamine (ED), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and silk sericin (SS). Direct immobilization on silk fiber (SFFGA) has low activity because of the steric hindrance between the trypsin and substrate. The introduction of spacer arms onto SFF-GA can enhance the activity of trypsin by reducing the steric hindrance. When ED is used as a spacer arm, the activity of trypsin has increased but its stability decreased due to the increased hydrophobicity of SFF. BSA and SS, as a spacer arm, have better results in both activity and stability. SFF-BSA shows some decrease in the specific activity due to improper immobilizatin. SFF-SS maintained 90% of its initial activity even after 12 hrs incubation at . In the case of repeated hydrolysis of silk sericin with immobilized trypsin, SFF-GA and SFF-ED lost 50% of their initial activity right after first run, whereas SFF-BSA and SFF-SS maintained 80% of their initial activities even after 5 runs. Higher operational stability is due to increased hydrophilicity of SFF by introducing hydrophilic spacer arms such as BSA and SS. The high content of serine in SS increases the hydrophilicity of SFF resulting the best results among other spacer arms.
Possibility of Pre-adjusting Exogenous Liquid Fibrin Glue Prior to the Surgical Operation (2002)

Background: Liquid type fibrin glue should, in principle, be prepared immediately before use. We studied the feasiblity of dissolving fibrin glue in advance of surgery.Materials and Methods: Solutions A and B were prepared using Beriplast® (Aventis Pharma Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The viscosity of solitions A and B was measured throughout the time course;tensile strength was measured using the swine skin section method, and the potency of fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor XIII after preparation were also examined;and bacteria reproduction in both solutions was studied under the following 3 conditions: at room temperature (20 to 25°C), preserved in a cold place (6°C), and at 37°C.Results: (1) The tensile strength was maintained for 10 days under all of the above conditions, without reduction.(2) The viscosity of solution A did not change markedly immediately after dissolution to 3 days after dissolution at any temperature. The viscosity of solution B did not change immediately after dissolution and even 10 days after dissolution.(3) Time-course changes in fibrinogen and factor XIII activity were mild, whereas thrombin activity decreased to 48.9-63%at 3 days in all samples, and activity continued to decrease gradually.(4) Tests conducted immediately and 10 days after preparation demonstrated the sterility of both solutions.Conclusion: It is feasible to prepare fibrin glue in advance of use, given its effectiveness as a biological adhesive.
Multiple muscles in the AMD quail can be “cross‐corrected” of pathologic glycogen accumulation after intravenous injection of an [E1‐, polymerase‐] adenovirus vector encoding human acid‐α‐glucosidase (2002)

Adenovirus-mediated transduction of the hGAA gene, followed by hepatic secretion, uptake, and cross-correction of the pathologic glycogen accumulation noted in multiple muscles of both the AMD mouse and AMD quail, adds support to the notion that gene transfer strategies (Ad-mediated or other agents) targeting liver tissues with the hGAA gene are likely to be highly efficacious in humans affected by AMD.
Polarisation mode dispersion measurements in 1520 km EDFA system (1992)

Polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) measurements over 1520 km fibres with 22 cascaded Er-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) are presented. PMD in the EDFA system was measured to be ∼5 ps. Measurements of PMD of optical isolators, and fibre length dependence of PMD in cascaded 100 km fibres are also reported.
Current perspectives on the role of adjunctive surgery in combined modality treatment for patients with germ cell tumors. (1992)

The antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in the treatment of various tumor types. However, its antitumor activity is limited. To be active, 5-FU has to be metabolized. Its mechanisms of action have been largely elucidated but are complex. Combining 5-FU with biochemical modulating agents that interfere with 5-FU metabolism may enhance its therapeutic index. Uridine is one of these biochemical modulating agents. The aim of combining 5-FU with uridine is that the latter will reduce the toxicity of 5-FU while its antitumor activity is retained. This will enable the use of higher 5-FU doses with a potential increased antitumor effect. The combination 5-FU/uridine has shown clear activity in preclinical models. However, application in the clinic is limited. From the preclinical experience, it seemed that high doses of uridine giving rise to prolonged exposure of uridine to the tissues would be required to achieve the biochemical effect. Thus, initial clinical studies investigated tolerance and toxicities of high-dose uridine in humans. Dose-limiting toxicity was fever. High-dose uridine given as intermittent intravenous infusions was feasible and reversed 5-FU-induced leukopenia. High-dose uridine led to millimolar plasma concentrations of uridine. However, its half life was short due to rapid catabolism. Oral administration of uridine has also been studied, but bioavailability was low. Further studies are required to define the role of uridine in the biochemical modulation of 5-FU activity.
Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrones and Acrolein with a Bis-Titanium Catalyst as Chiral Lewis Acid (2005)

A mu-oxo-type chiral bis-Ti(IV) oxide (S,S)-1 can be successfully utilized in the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between various nitrones 2 and acrolein to give the corresponding isoxazolidines with high to excellent enantioselectivities. For instance, the reaction between nitrone 2 (R = t-Bu) and acrolein in the presence of 10 mol % of bis-Ti(IV) catalyst (S,S)-1 in dichloromethane at -40 degrees C gave the corresponding endo cycloadduct with 97% ee.
GRADUAL FUNDAMENTAL MODE DEGRADATION PROCESS IN YTTERBIUM DO PED PULSED FIBER LASERS (2015)

We report on the experimental observation and investigation of gradual mode degradation process in low average power ytterbium-doped pulsed fiber lasers based on large mode area step-index fibers. The linkage of this process with long period refractive index grating caused by photodarkening process is revealed.
Using imaging spectroscopy to detect variation in terrestrial ecosystem productivity across a water‐stressed landscape (2018)

A central challenge to understanding how climate anomalies, such as drought and heatwaves, impact the terrestrial carbon cycle, is quantification and scaling of spatial and temporal variation in ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP). Existing empirical and model-based satellite broadband spectra-based products have been shown to miss critical variation in GPP. Here, we evaluate the potential of high spectral resolution (10 nm) shortwave (400-2,500 nm) imagery to better detect spatial and temporal variations in GPP across a range of ecosystems, including forests, grassland-savannas, wetlands, and shrublands in a water-stressed region. Estimates of GPP from eddy covariance observations were compared against airborne hyperspectral imagery, collected across California during the 2013-2014 HyspIRI airborne preparatory campaign. Observations from 19 flux towers across 23 flight campaigns (102 total image-flux tower pairs) showed GPP to be strongly correlated to a suite of spectral wavelengths and band ratios associated with foliar physiology and chemistry. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) modeling approach was then used to predict GPP with higher validation accuracy (adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71) and low bias (0.04) compared to existing broadband approaches (e.g., adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.68 and bias = -5.71 with the Sims et al. model). Significant wavelengths contributing to the PLSR include those previously shown to coincide with Rubisco (wavelengths 1,680, 1,740, and 2,290 nm) and V<sub>cmax</sub> (wavelengths 1,680, 1,722, 1,732, 1,760, and 2,300 nm). These results provide strong evidence that advances in satellite spectral resolution offer significant promise for improved satellite-based monitoring of GPP variability across a diverse range of terrestrial ecosystems.
Sulfinic acids and their derivatives. Stereochemistry and chiroptical properties (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Sulfinates Sulfinamides Synthesis and Reactions Sulfinimidamides and Sulfinimidoates Thiosulfinates Sulfinyl Halides References
Extension of 248 nm Monte Carlo, mesoscale models to 193 nm platforms (2010)

Current minimum feature sizes in the microelectronics industry dictate that molecular interactions affect process fidelity and produce stochastic excursions like line edge roughness (LER). The composition of future resists is still unknown at this point, and so simulation of various resist platforms should provide useful information about resist design that minimizes LER. In the past, researchers developed a mesoscale model for exploring representative 248 nm resist systems through dynamic Monte Carlo methods and adaptation of critical ionization theory. This molecular modeling uses fundamental interaction energies combined with a Metropolis algorithm to model the full lithographic process (spin coat, PAB, exposure, PEB, and development). Application of this model to 193 nm platforms allows for comparison between 248 and 193 nm resist systems based on molecular interactions. This paper discusses the fundamental modifications involved in adapting the mesoscale model to a 193 nm platform and investigates how this new model predicts well-understood lithographic phenomena including the relationship between LER and aerial image, the relationship between LER and resist components, and the impact of non-uniform PAG distribution in the resist film. Limited comparisons between the 193 nm system and an analogous 248 nm platform will be discussed.
P3‐380: CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 18F‐PI2620 IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER TAUOPATHIES (2019)

18F-PI2620 is a second-generation tau tracer, which has been developed to capture tau lesions of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD tauopathies. Past in vitro assessments and the initial clinical evaluation showed that 18F-PI2620 captures all types of tau deposits (3R, 4R and 3R/4R) with high contrast and selectivity. Nevertheless, availability of this radiotracer for clinical evaluation of tau pathology in AD and non-AD tauopathies remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate spatial distribution of 18F-PI2620 in patients with AD, progressive supuranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Five Patients with AD (73.8±7.2 y/o), 3 patients with PSP (69.3±2.8 y/o), 2 patients with FTD (68 and 72 y/o), 1 patient with CBS (age: 70) and 4 healthy controls (HCs) (71.2±5.4 y/o) were scanned. Diagnosis of AD was made based on Aβ status determined by 18F-florbetaben (FBB) PET. All subjects underwent 60–90 min scan with 18F-PI2620. To quantify tau pathology, standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated using the cerebellum as reference. In AD, 18F- PI2620 retention was evident in the temporal lobe, parietal lobe and the cingulate, consistent with neuropathology of AD. SUVR values in the temporal lobe of AD patients are significantly higher than those of HC (1.78 vs 1.10, p =0.0016). In PSP, 18F- PI2620 accumulation was not observed in the midbrain (SUVR PSP: 0.93, HC: 1.10, p>0.05). Although moderate retention of 18F- PI2620 in the pallidum was found in PSP, there was no significant difference in SUVR values between PSP and HCs (1.44 vs 1.25, p>0.05). Therefore, 18F- PI2620 accumulation in this region may not reflect tau pathology. In the CBS case, focal 18F-PI2620 retention was observed in pallidum, but not in the cerebellar cortex. In the FTD cases, focal 18F-PI2620 accumulations were observed in frontal lobe and insula. 18F-PI2620 PET imaging provided desirable properties to capture tau lesions of AD. However, the accumulations of 18F-PI2620 in patients clinically diagnosed with PSP were not in accord with the known neuropathological distribution. Further clinical studies are needed for evaluation of clinical availability of 18F-PI2620 in non-AD tauopathies.
π-Extended isomeric and expanded porphyrins (2012)

The phenomenon of π-extension has been widely applied to, and exploited within, the field porphyrin chemistry. The development of reliable synthetic routes to various useful starting materials has facilitated the underlying preparative work. The chemical resemblance between porphyrins and expanded and isomeric porphyrins, as well as the increasing accessibility of the requisite starting materials is giving birth to the hybrid field of π-extended expanded and isomeric porphyrins. This tutorial review is intended to provide an overview of up-to-date published synthetic efforts and to summarize the effect of annulation on the properties of expanded and isomeric porphyrins.
Recognizing mental stress in chess players using vital sign data (2013)

The identification of psychological stress can provide important feedback in order to perform critical activities. While a certain amount of stress may increase performance, an overly stressful reaction may hinder it. Because subjective bias can make it difficult to accurately recognize psychological stress, it would be advantageous for an external system to perform the task instead. We present a platform for psychological stress detection using physiological sensors during a chess match. The sensors are inside an unobtrusive chest strap that can be worn by the player during a match. By playing games on an Android phone, the system can apply machine learning techniques to the player's vital sign data to give important feedback such as which moves caused the player to become stressed during a match.
Inhibition of Plasminogen Activators Attenuates the Death of Differentiated Retinal Ganglion Cells and Stabilizes Their Neurite Network In Vitro (2007)

Results presented in this study indicate that RGC-5 cells do not require tPA and tPA for their differentiation. In fact, differentiated RGC-5 cells synthesize elevated levels of tPA and uPA, and elevated levels of these proteases acting in an autocrine-fashion in turn lead to the death of RGC-5 cells.
Current-mode readout cicuits with pixel-level logarithmic ADC for IR FPA applications (2008)

This paper presents a novel current-mode readout circuits based on Logarithmic Analog-to-Digital Converter (LADC) for high speed and high background current Infrared Focal-Plane-Array (IR FPA) imaging. With the implementation of LADC, the photocurrent can be directly converted to digital value in pixel level. Zero reset noise is achieved with continuous operation of photodetectors to further reduce the Fixed-Pattern-Noise (FPN) across the FPA. An experimental 64×64 pixel array, each consisting of an n-well/p-substrate photodiode and LADC, has been designed and simulated in standard 0.18μm CMOS technology. The pixel unit occupies an area of 55μm×55μm with a fill factor of 25%. The LADC has a logarithmic linearity of 98% over 80dB input dynamic range. The proposed IR FPA readout circuits can operate at a frame rate of 5000fps with a power consumption of 9.7μW per pixel.
Facing market changes: a health care cooperative in rural Minnesota. (1997)

The Minnesota Health Care Cooperative Act, enacted as an article of the Minnesota Health Care Act of 1994, allows the creation of "health care provider cooperatives," corporations where members are licensed health care providers. Organized under Minnesota Statutes 62R, health care provider cooperatives (referred to hereafter as cooperatives) market their services to health care purchasers, including licensed health plan companies, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and government plans on a "substantially capitated or similar risk sharing basis." Solvency and reserve standards do not apply to cooperatives because they are not engaged in the business of insurance.
Sex-based differences in pain distribution in a cohort of patients with persistent post-traumatic neck pain (2017)

The importance of "female sex" as risk factor for the development of persistent pain after neck trauma needs to be discussed further. The high frequency of regional and widespread pain among patients with persistent neck pain after trauma calls for both multidisciplinary assessments and treatment strategies. The relationships between different pain distribution patterns, disability, activity, and psychological factors need to be studied further. Implications for rehabilitation Patients suffering from pain and disability after neck trauma constitute a significant proportion of patients with persistent pain. The importance of the risk factor "female sex" should be further discussed in the development of persistent pain after neck trauma. The high frequency of regional and widespread pain among patients with persistent neck pain after trauma calls both for multidisciplinary assessments and treatment strategies. The relationships between different pain distribution patterns, disability, activity, and psychological factors need to be studied further.
Fiber-optic Microfluidic Platform for Refractive Index Measurement of Liquids and Suspensions (2023)

We present a microfluidic platform based on a fiber-optic three-way Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), aimed to measurement of the refractive index (RI) of liquids and characterization of suspended glass particles (cylinders) simultaneously. The measurement principle is based on low coherence interferometry, where the maximum position of the interferogram Gaussian envelope depends on the optical path difference (OPD) between the measuring and the reference arm of the MZI. An algorithm was developed for calculating the refractive index of liquids and glass particles, as well as for finding the particle diameter from the raw photodetector signals. The physical particle diameter is calculated from the measured particle transit time while passing through the test beam. We found very good agreement between the experimental results and the literature data on the examined liquids refractive index and dimensions and refractive index of suspended particles. The accuracy of the refractive index measurement was about 1 %, mainly determined by the accuracy of position reading of the mechanical scanner. The minimal sample volume can be as small as 1 µl is capable of measuring the refractive index of different liquids and gases and their suspensions simultaneously. The proposed method is attractive for label-free biological, biochemical and chemical sensing because of its high sensitivity and accuracy and self-calibrating feature.