gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgical therapy for heart failure (2007)

Today's healthcare delivery system is challenged with an escalating number of heart failure patients who have exhausted medical therapy and overwhelmed the limits of organ transplantation. Scientific and technological advances over the last 20 years have now brought new surgical options to this vast patient population, ranging from ventricular restoration surgery to surgical gene therapy and beyond. This article reviews the myriad of surgical options that are available to these patients, their benefits and shortcomings, as well as potential future directions.
Fonction rénale dans un modèle murin d’hyperpulsatilité artérielle (2007)

Des observations cliniques recentes suggerent que le rein est vulnerable face a une augmentation de la pression pulsee centrale. L'objectif de cette etude est de produire un modele animal de ce phenomene en evaluant la fonction renale dans un modele murin normotendu d'hyperpulsatilite arterielle due a une elastocalcinose arterielle (rat VDN : une administration de vitamine D + nicotine au Jour 0). Pendant trois mois suite au traitement VDN, la pression pulsee (PP) et la fonction renale, evaluee par le taux de filtration glomerulaire (TFG) et l'excretion urinaire d'albumine (Ualb), sont mesurees sous anesthesie. Jour 2 Jour 16 Jour 45 Jour 90 PP (mmHg) C 27 ± 2 48±5* 54±9* 34 ± 2 V 29±1 33±2 30±3 56±5* log10Ualb C 1,7 ±0,1 2,3 ±0,1 2,1 ±0,1 2,3±0,1 V 2,4±0,2* 2,9±+0,1* 2,3±0,1 2,5±0,1 TFG C nd 966±105 nd 1026±52 (mL. min-1.g rein -1 ) V 685 ± 63* 888± 39* (m ± esm, C = controle, V = VDN, *: P < 0,05 versus controle, nd = non determine) Suite au traitement VDN, la PP augmente puis atteint un plateau. L'albuminurie est fortement augmentee dans la phase precoce suivant le traitement VDN puis se restaure. Le TFG, tres diminue au Jour 16, reste plus faible au Jour 90 (- 13 %) chez les rats VDN. En conclusion, l'hyperpulsatilite semble etre responsable d'une dysfonction renale chez le rat VDN. Trois mois d'exposition a une forte hyperpulsatilite diminuent le TFG. Cependant, dans la phase precoce, d'autres facteurs confondant pourraient etre impliques.
Reactivity of Pt/BaO/Al₂O₃ for NOx Storage/Reduction: Effects of Pt and Ba Loading (2005)

The control of NOx (NO and NO₂) emissions from combustion processes, including vehicle engines, remains a challenge particularly for systems operating at high air-to-fuel ratios (so-called ‘lean’ combustion). The current “3-way”, precious metal-based catalytic converters are unable to selectively reduce NOx with reductants (e.g., CO and residual unburned hydrocarbon) in the presence of excess O₂. In the last few years, worldwide environmental regulations regarding NOx emissions from diesel engines (inherently operated ‘lean’) have become significantly more stringent resulting in considerable research efforts to reduce NOx under the highly oxidizing engine operation conditions. Urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and non-thermal plasma assisted NOx reduction have been explored as possible technologies. In recent years, alkaline and alkaline earth oxide-based NOx storage/reduction catalysts (especially BaO/Al₂O₃) have been developed, and have shown promising activities for lean-NOx reduction [1,2].
A precision relaxation oscillator with a self-clocked offset-cancellation scheme for implantable biomedical SoCs (2009)

Recently, there has been an increasing demand for SoCs in the biomedical field. In implantable applications, SoCs are designed under very stringent power and area constraints. The analog and mixed-signal circuits as well as digital circuits in those SoCs require a clock source, because clock-based signal-processing techniques, such as sampling and chopper stabilization, are often used. The primary clock source for such SoCs needs to provide good accuracy and long-term stability of the oscillation frequency foscto minimize variations and drifts of the system characteristics. A fairly pure clock signal is required to avoid signal distortion when sampling or chopping techniques are applied. Considering such a source is typically a free-running oscillator, and biomedical signals of typical interest reside at low frequencies, the close-in phase noise is important. For implantable biomedical sensor SoCs, due to high power consumption of quartz crystal oscillators and their bulky size, monolithic oscillators are preferred as a primary clock source. Relaxation oscillators can operate with low power and set their oscillation period Tosc in well-defined manner while consuming small silicon area. However, their performance is limited by process variations, noisy current sources, and noise and offset voltages of the comparators. Geraedts et al. presented an idea of subtracting a fixed charge packet and filtering out the comparator noise to improve the phase noise particularly at large offset frequencies. In this work, a self-clocked offset-cancellation scheme is presented for comparators in the relaxation oscillator, resulting in smaller frequency drifts and lower close-in phase fluctuations, which are more relevant parameters for primary clock sources in implantable biomedical SoCs.
Facial Age Estimation by Learning from Label Distributions (2010)

One of the main difficulties in facial age estimation is the lack of sufficient training data for many ages. Fortunately, the faces at close ages look similar since aging is a slow and smooth process. Inspired by this observation, in this paper, instead of considering each face image as an example with one label (age), we regard each face image as an example associated with a label distribution. The label distribution covers a number of class labels, representing the degree that each label describes the example. Through this way, in addition to the real age, one face image can also contribute to the learning of its adjacent ages. We propose an algorithm named IIS-LLD for learning from the label distributions, which is an iterative optimization process based on the maximum entropy model. Experimental results show the advantages of IIS-LLD over the traditional learning methods based on single-labeled data.
Heat shock and iron limitation modulate the metabolic profile of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES‐88 (2023)

Abstract The freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES‐88, which can produce microcystins, micropeptins, and argicyclamides, was subjected to a one strain many compounds (OSMAC) analysis. We report its response to two environmental stressors, temperature and iron limitation, by means of untargeted and targeted metabolomics. The results demonstrated a slower specific growth rate of 0.20 per day and 0.16 per day in adverse conditions of 37°C and iron limitation, respectively. The metabolic signature of M. aeruginosa was highly dependent on incubation temperatures. Production of microcystins LR and RR was severely downregulated while that of argicyclamide B was significantly upregulated, with a highest 10‐fold increase on day 14 of heat shock treatment. M. aeruginosa NIES‐88 was found to produce a new compound, argicyclamide D (1), in iron limited medium, which has the same macrocyclic structure as the previously reported analogs. Hence, it is proposed that acclimation of M. aeruginosa to environmental stressors might be mediated by a change in the metabolic pathways as well as modulation of the levels of their expressed metabolites.
Long-Term Behavior of Simulated Partial Lead Service Line Replacements (2015)

In this 48-month pilot study, long-term impacts of copper:lead galvanic connections on lead release to water were assessed without confounding differences in pipe exposure prehistory or disturbances arising from cutting lead pipe. Lead release was tracked from three lead service line configurations, including (1) 100% lead, (2) traditional partial replacement with 50% copper upstream of 50% lead, and (3) 50% lead upstream of 50% copper as a function of flow rate, connection types, and sampling methodologies. Elevated lead from galvanic corrosion worsened with time, with 140% more lead release from configurations representing traditional partial replacement configurations at 14 months compared to earlier data in the first 8 months. Even when sampled consistently at moderate flow rate (8 LPM) and collecting all water passing through service lines, conditions representing traditional partial service line configurations were significantly worse (≈40%) when compared to 100% lead pipe. If sampled at a high flow rate (32 LPM) and collecting 2 L samples from service lines, 100% of samples collected from traditional partial replacement configurations exceeded thresholds posing an acute health risk versus a 0% risk for samples from 100% lead pipe. Temporary removal of lead accumulations near Pb:Cu junctions and lead deposits from other downstream plastic pipes reduced risk of partial replacements relative to that observed for 100% lead. When typical brass compression couplings were used to connect prepassivated lead pipes, lead release spiked up to 10 times higher, confirming prior concerns raised at bench and field scale regarding adverse impacts of crevices and service line disturbances on lead release. To quantify semirandom particulate lead release from service lines in future research, whole-house filters have many advantages compared to other approaches.
How segmented is the Bogota labor market (1980)

The objective of this paper is to clarify the notions of labor market segmentation as they exist in the literature and then to examine the extent to which labor market segmentation can be said to be the cause of income inequality in the Bogota labor market. The paper suggests that, at a minimum, definitions of labor market segmentation should permit identification of who the segmenters are, what the nature of their segmenting actions is and what the effects of these actions are. A review of the literature reveals that few of the used definitions of segmentation measure up to these criteria. The empirical part of the paper first documents the existance of labor market heterogeneity in terms of the usual variables like sex, age, education, migrant status, industry of activity, occupation and location of residence in Bogota. Among male workers in Bogota it is found that workers in different industries do earn different incomes at the same age and education levels, but these differences are not large in magnitude and some differences are not statistically significant. Overall, only a weak correlation appears between income and occupation or industry of employment.
SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR SELECTED DISEASE AGENTS IN WOLVES (CANIS LUPUS) FROM ALASKA AND THE YUKON TERRITORY, 1984–2000 (2004)

Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in several geographic areas of Alaska (USA) and the Yukon Territory (Canada) during 1984-2000. Blood was collected from 1,122 animals. Sera were tested for antibodies against infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICH), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), Francisella tularensis, and serovars of Leptospira interrogans. Antibody prevalence for ICH was >84% for all areas. Area-specific prevalences of antibodies ranged from 12% to 70% for CPV, from 0% to 41% for CDV, and from 4% to 21% for F. tularensis. There was no evidence of CDV exposure at the two southernmost locations in Alaska. Prevalence of antibodies for ICH increased slightly during the 16-yr course of the survey. There was essentially no evidence of exposure to L. interrogans. Prevalences of antibodies for both CPV and CDV were age-specific, with higher values in the adult cohort compared with the pup cohort. There were no sex-specific differences in prevalence of antibodies for any of the five disease agents.
Heavy-Ion Linear Accelerator (1961)

Two linear accelerators have been built for the acceleration of ions in the mass region from helium to argon. The linear accelerators consist of two 70-Mc cavity resonators of the Alvarez design. Ions with a charge to mass ratio e/m≥0.15 times the e/m of a proton are injected into the first cavity of the linear accelerator with a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. In the first cavity the ions are accelerated from the injection energy of 0.07 Mev/nucleon to 1.0 Mev/nucleon. They are then stripped to an e/m≥0.3 and accelerated to the final energy of 10 Mev/nucleon in the second linac cavity.
Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (2022)

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with stroke and MRI features of cerebral tissue damage but its impact on levels of serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL), an established biochemical marker of neuroaxonal damage, is unknown. Methods and Results In this observational study, sNFL was analyzed in 280 patients with AF and 280 controls without AF matched for age, sex, and diabetes status within the STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) trial. None of the patients had a history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Patients with a diagnosis of AF were divided into two groups based on if they were in AF rhythm at the time of blood sampling (AF ECG+, n=74), or not (AF ECG-, n=206). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to adjust for clinical risk factors. In patients with AF, the levels of sNFL were 15% (AF ECG+) and 10% (AF ECG-) higher than in the control group after adjustment for clinical risk factors, <i>P</i>=0.047 and 0.04, respectively. There was no association between anticoagulation treatment and sNFL levels. Conclusions sNFL was elevated in patients with AF compared with matched controls without AF. Ongoing AF rhythm was associated with even higher levels of sNFL than in patients with a diagnosis of AF but currently not in AF rhythm. Anticoagulation treatment did not affect sNFL levels. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00799903.
Ammonia and methane chemical ionization mass spectra of acid and carbamate pesticides using direct supercritical fluid injection (1986)

The ammonia and methane chemical ionization mass spectra of several carbamate and acid pesticides were obtained utilizing capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for introduction. These compounds are generally not amenable to gas chromatography and the supercritical fluid method allows low-temperature separations (using carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide as mobile phases) with highly selective chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection for analysis. Ionization with ammonia produces primarily ammonium adduct ions, [M + 18]+, and protonated molecules, [M + 1]+, for all compounds. More energetic methane chemical ionization produces spectra containing fragment ions characteristic of the pesticide structure. All compounds were analysed under similar chromatographic conditions, with optimization for individual compounds minimized, and detection limits were in the picogram range. Analysis time for all compounds was under five minutes and no mobile phase interferences or thermal degradation was noted.
Psychological disorders and positive mental health in gender-diverse youth (2023)

An estimated 1.8% of U.S. adolescents identify as transgender, and when using expansive language to include diverse identities along the gender continuum (e.g., nonbinary, gender fluid), rates may be notably higher. Gender-diverse youth (GDY) experience significantly elevated rates of depression, anxiety, suicidality, and eating disorders relative to the general population. Youth with autism spectrum disorders also appear to report diverse gender identities at higher rates than neurotypical youth. Gender-minoritized stress, including distal (e.g., transgender related stigma and discrimination) and proximal (e.g., social or familial rejection due to gender-diverse identity) stressors, increase risk for mental health disorders among GDY, and gender affirmation mitigates risk. Gender-affirming medical and behavioral health care is associated with enhanced resilience and positive mental health outcomes for GDY.
Practical strategies for pruritus management in the obeticholic acid-treated patient with PBC: proceedings from the 2018 expert panel (2019)

Pruritus associated with OCA therapy is dose dependent and often manageable, and with the proper education and tools, most pruritus cases can be effectively managed to minimize treatment discontinuation.
Rapid-melt DNP for multidimensional and heteronuclear high-field NMR experiments (2019)

Low sensitivity is the main limitation of NMR for efficient chemical analysis of mass-limited samples. Hyperpolarization techniques such as Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) have greatly improved the efficiency of NMR experiments. In this manuscript, we demonstrate a 400 MHz rapid-melt DNP setup. With this setup it is possible to perform liquid-state NMR experiments with solid-state DNP enhancement at high magnetic field. Sample volumes of 100 nL in fused-silica capillaries are detected using a stripline microcoil. Due to the small heat capacity of these samples it is possible to melt them with relatively low relaxation losses. With this 400 MHz setup, proton enhancements of up to -175 have been obtained in the liquid-state. The probe is double tuned, so it can be used for heteronuclear DNP-NMR and since the sample composition does not change during the experiment, it is possible to perform signal averaging and multidimensional experiments. This type of rapid-melt DNP setup thus allows for most types of liquid-state NMR experiments to be combined with efficient solid-state DNP. This makes rapid-melt DNP an interesting method for high-throughput chemical analysis of mass-limited samples.
Expression of neuregulin 4 splice variants in normal human tissues and prostate cancer and their effects on cell motility (2010)

The neuregulin 4 gene encodes at least five different variants (designated A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3) produced as a result of alternative splicing. We have determined their sites of expression in normal human adult tissues using isoform-specific antibodies. Their expression is cell type specific and differs in subcellular location suggesting that they may have varied functions in these contexts. We have shown in a panel of prostate cancers that each form is present to differing degrees, and that principal component analysis indicates that there are three patterns of expression. Some isoforms were positively correlated with high prostate-specific antigen levels and others were inversely associated with Gleason score. Synthetic, refolded A forms promoted lamellipodia and filopodia formation in cells expressing the ErbB4 (CTa) receptor and stimulated cell motility in wound healing assays. The data suggest that the different forms have varied sites of expression and function, and this includes effects on cell architecture and motility.
Dreams, False Starts, Dead Ends, and Redemption: A Chronicle of the Evolution of a Chemoinformatic Workflow for the Optimization of Enantioselective Catalysts (2021)

Catalyst design in enantioselective catalysis has historically been driven by empiricism. In this endeavor, experimentalists attempt to qualitatively identify trends in structure that lead to a desired catalyst function. In this body of work, we lay the groundwork for an improved, alternative workflow that uses quantitative methods to inform decision making at every step of the process. At the outset, we define a library of synthetically accessible permutations of a catalyst scaffold with the philosophy that the library contains every potential catalyst we are willing to make. To represent these chiral molecules, we have developed general 3D representations, which can be calculated for tens of thousands of structures. This defines the total chemical space of a given catalyst scaffold; it is constructed on the basis of catalyst structure only without regard to a specific reaction or mechanism. As such, any algorithmic subset selection method, which is unsupervised (i.e., only considers catalyst structure), should provide an ideal initial screening set for any new reaction that can be catalyzed by that scaffold. Notably, because this design strategy, the same set of catalysts can be used for any reaction that can be catalyzed with that parent catalyst scaffold. These are tested experimentally, and statistical learning tools can be used to create a model relating catalyst structure to catalyst function. Further, this model can be used to predict the performance of each catalyst candidate in the greater database of virtual catalyst candidates. In this way, it is possible estimate the performance of tens of thousands of catalysts by experimentally testing a smaller subset. Using error assessment metrics, it is possible to understand the confidence in new predictions. An experimentalist using this tool can balance the predicted results (reward) with the prediction confidence (risk) when deciding which catalysts to synthesize next in an optimization campaign. These catalysts are synthesized and tested experimentally. At this stage, either the optimization is a success or the predicted values were incorrect and further optimization is required. In the case of the latter, the information can be fed back into the statistical learning model to refine the model, and this iterative process can be used to determine the optimal catalyst. In this body of work, we not only establish this workflow but quantitatively establish how best to execute each step. Herein, we evaluate several 3D molecular representations to determine how best to represent molecules. Several selection protocols are examined to best decide which set of molecules can be used to represent the library of interest. In addition, the number of reactions needed to make accurate, statistical learning models is evaluated. Taken together these components establish a tool ready to progress from the development stage to the utility stage. As such, current research endeavors focus on applying these tools to optimize new reactions.
A disease in the house of medicine. (1986)

For good reason the costs and casualties of medical malpractice have really earned the often overused sobriquet of "crisis." Invariably the debaters assert that the public's interest is best served by their program and their exchanges are not merely rhetorical, given the intense legislative activity on the "reforms" aggressively pushed in most of the nation's state capitals. The question of what is in the best interest of the public traverses a minefield of competing interests. The plaintiff's lawyer bias of Mr. Petty's article moved us to follow up with a brief commentary which raises some other criticisms. As a metaphor for many health policy issues, the tensions around malpractice will receive continuing attention in these pages.
Nanotebuconazole: Điều chế trong môi trường nước và khảo sát hiệu quả kháng nấm bệnh gây hại trên cây trồng (2021)

Tebuconazole được phân tán trong hỗn hợp polyethylene glycol (PEG) và nước theo một tỉ lệ xác định với sự hiện diện của dichloromethane (DCM). Hỗn hợp sau đó được làm bay hơi ở 40oC dưới áp suất 480 mbar để loại bỏ DCM và hình thành nanotebuconazole. Kích thước hạt nanotebuconazole được xác định trong khoảng 27 – 35 nm với kích thước trung bình là 29 nm bằng kĩ thuật tán xạ ánh sáng động (DLS) và kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỉ lệ PEG:H2O 4:1 là thuận lợi nhất cho quá trình hình thành hạt nhũ nano. Các thử nghiệm in vitro bằng phương pháp MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) chứng minh rằng dạng nanotebuconazole cho hiệu quả kháng khuẩn, kháng nấm mạnh gấp 2 lần dạng thương mại trên các chủng Ralstonia solanacearum, Fusarium ambrosium và Rhizoctonia solani và gấp 4 lần trên chủng Phytophthora capsici, với nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu lần lượt là 50 ppm và 25 ppm. Chế phẩm nanotebuconazole được đánh giá chất lượng đáp ứng đầy đủ tiêu chuẩn thuốc bảo vệ thực vật theo Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam 9482:2012 (TCVN 9482:2012).