gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Order Parallel Discrete Event Simulation for Transaction Level Models (2014)

The validation of system models at the transaction-level typically relies on discrete event (DE) simulation. In order to reduce simulation time, parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) can be used by utilizing multiple cores available on today's host PCs. However, the total order of time imposed by regular DE simulators becomes a bottleneck that severely limits the benefits of parallel simulation. In this paper, we present a new out-of-order (OoO) PDES technique for simulating transaction-level models on multicore hosts. By localizing the simulation time to individual threads and carefully handling events at different times, a system model can be simulated following a partial order of time without loss of accuracy. Subject to advanced static analysis at compile time and table-based decisions at run time, threads can be issued early, reducing the idle time of available cores. Our proposed OoO PDES technique shows high performance gains in simulation speed with only a small increase in compile time. Using six embedded application examples, we also show the speed trade-off for multicore PDES based on different multithreading libraries.
The Protective Effect of Late Preconditioning Against Myocardial Stunning in Conscious Rabbits Is Mediated by Nitric Oxide Synthase (1997)

Abstract Seventy-four conscious rabbits undergoing a sequence of six 4-minute coronary occlusion/4-minute reperfusion cycles for 3 consecutive days (days 1, 2, and 3) were assigned to nine groups. In group I (controls, n=8), the recovery of systolic wall thickening (WTh) after the sixth reperfusion was markedly improved on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1, indicating late preconditioning (PC) against myocardial stunning; the total deficit of WTh after the sixth reperfusion was reduced by 56% on day 2 and 50% on day 3 compared with day 1 ( P &lt;.01). Administration on day 2 of the nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N ω -nitro- l -arginine (L-NA) (group II, n=8) or of the selective inducible NOS inhibitors aminoguanidine (AG) (group IV, n=8) and S -methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT) (group VI, n=6) completely abrogated late PC against stunning on day 2. On day 3, the expected PC effect became manifest in all groups. Administration of L-NA, AG, or SMT on day 1 (groups III [n=7], V [n=6], and VII [n=5], respectively) had no discernible effect on the deficit of WTh on day 1, indicating that these agents do not augment the severity of myocardial stunning in nonpreconditioned myocardium. In group VIII (n=7), the abrogation of late PC by SMT on day 2 was completely reversed by the concomitant administration of l -arginine (595 mg/kg IV), indicating that it was not due to nonspecific NOS-unrelated actions. Administration of l -arginine alone on day 2 (group IX [n=5]) had no effect on the deficit of WTh. Furthermore, administration of L-NA on day 1 (group III) prevented the appearance of the PC effect on day 2, whereas AG (group V) and SMT (group VI) did not, suggesting that the development of late PC on day 1 is triggered by the endothelial (type III) isoform of NOS. This study demonstrates that three structurally different NOS inhibitors (L-NA, AG, and SMT), given 24 hours after the PC ischemia, consistently abrogate late PC against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits, indicating that this cardioprotective effect is mediated by the activity of NOS. The results obtained with AG and SMT specifically implicate the inducible (type II) isoform as the mediator of the protection on day 2. Previous studies have shown that NO triggers the development of late PC. The present results indicate that NO plays a dual role in late PC against stunning, acting initially as the trigger and subsequently as the mediator of the protection.
Clinically significant carbapenemases: an update (2008)

Carbapenem resistance continues to increase both in number and into new species/strain types, but our therapeutic options remain woefully inadequate - a dilemma that will not improve in the foreseeable future.
QUAC-TRNG: High-Throughput True Random Number Generation Using Quadruple Row Activation in Commodity DRAM Chips (2021)

True random number generators (TRNG) sample random physical processes to create large amounts of random numbers for various use cases, including security-critical cryptographic primitives, scientific simulations, machine learning applications, and even recreational entertainment. Unfortunately, not every computing system is equipped with dedicated TRNG hardware, limiting the application space and security guarantees for such systems. To open the application space and enable security guarantees for the overwhelming majority of computing systems that do not necessarily have dedicated TRNG hardware (e.g., processing-in-memory systems), we develop QUAC-TRNG, a new high-throughput TRNG that can be fully implemented in commodity DRAM chips, which are key components in most modern systems.QUAC-TRNG exploits the new observation that a carefully-engineered sequence of DRAM commands activates four consecutive DRAM rows in rapid succession. This QUadruple ACtivation (QUAC) causes the bitline sense amplifiers to non-deterministically converge to random values when we activate four rows that store conflicting data because the net deviation in bitline voltage fails to meet reliable sensing margins.We experimentally demonstrate that QUAC reliably generates random values across 136 commodity DDR4 DRAM chips from one major DRAM manufacturer. We describe how to develop an effective TRNG (QUAC-TRNG) based on QUAC. We evaluate the quality of our TRNG using the commonly-used NIST statistical test suite for randomness and find that QUAC-TRNG successfully passes each test. Our experimental evaluations show that QUAC-TRNG reliably generates true random numbers with a throughput of 3.44 Gb/s (per DRAM channel), outperforming the state-of-the-art DRAM-based TRNG by 15.08× and 1.41× for basic and throughput-optimized versions, respectively. We show that QUAC-TRNG utilizes DRAM bandwidth better than the state-of-the-art, achieving up to 2.03× the throughput of a throughput-optimized baseline when scaling bus frequencies to 12 GT/s.
Agent-Based Timing-Sync Algorithm for Sensor Networks (2009)

This paper presents an Agent-based Timing-Sync Algorithm (ATSA) for sensor networks that aims at providing network-wide time synchronization in a sensor network. ATSA works in three steps as following. Firstly, the root time node is selected, and then a hierarchical structure is established in the network, finally, by using time-agent, a pair wise synchronization is performed along the edges of this structure to establish a global timescale throughout the network. Eventually all nodes in the network synchronize their clocks to the reference nodes. We also show the performance of ATSA over small multihop networks and carry out simulations to verify its accuracy over large-scale networks. The results show that the synchronization accuracy of our approach is higher than that of traditional solutions.
Unified microwave moisture sensing technique for grain and seed (2007)

A unified method for moisture sensing in cereal grain and oilseed from a single calibration equation, which is obtained from measurement of dielectric properties at a single microwave frequency, is presented. The method is based on a complex permittivity calibration function that is independent of both bulk density and kind of material. Performance of the method was tested for soybeans, corn, wheat, sorghum, barley and oats at 7 GHz and about 23 °C. The standard error of calibration for moisture prediction from complex permittivity measurements was 0.8%.
Purification and Characterization of Two Novel $\beta$-D-Glucuronidases Converting Glycyrrhizin to 18$\beta$-Glycyrrhetinic Acid-3-O-$\beta$-D-Glucuronide from Streptococcus LJ-22 (2005)

Two novel β-glucuronidases, which metabolize glycyrrhizin (GL) to 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (GAMG), were purified from Streptococcus LJ-22 isolated from human intestinal microflora. β-Glucuronidases I and II were purified to apparent homogeneity, using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, butyl toyopearl, Q-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite Ultrogel, and GL-attached Sepharose column chromatographies, with the final specific activities of 137 and 190 nmole/min/mg, respectively. The molecular sizes of both β-glucuronidases were found to be 140 kDa by gel filtration, and they consisted of two identical subunits (M.W. 67 kDa by SDS-PAGE). β-Glucuronidases I and II showed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and pH 6.5, respectively. Both purified enzymes were potently inhibited by Cu 2+ and PCMS, and had maximum activity on glycyrrhizin, but did not hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-β-glucuronides, baicalin, or GAMG These findings suggest that the biochemical properties and substrate specificities of these enzymes are different from those of the previously purified β-glucuronidases. This is the first reported purification of sugar (not aglycone)-recognizing β-glucuronidases from intestinal bacteria.
Basal brain oxidative and nitrative stress levels are finely regulated by the interplay between superoxide dismutase 2 and p53 (2015)

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes of the cell and catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals O2- to H2O2 and molecular oxygen (O2). Among the three forms of SOD identified, manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD, SOD2) is a homotetramer located wholly in the mitochondrial matrix. Because of the SOD2 strategic location, it represents the first mechanism of defense against the augmentation of ROS/reactive nitrogen species levels in the mitochondria for preventing further damage. This study seeks to understand the effects that the partial lack (SOD2(-/+) ) or the overexpression (TgSOD2) of MnSOD produces on oxidative/nitrative stress basal levels in different brain isolated cellular fractions (i.e., mitochondrial, nuclear, cytosolic) as well as in the whole-brain homogenate. Furthermore, because of the known interaction between SOD2 and p53 protein, this study seeks to clarify the impact that the double mutation has on oxidative/nitrative stress levels in the brain of mice carrying the double mutation (p53(-/-) × SOD2(-/+) and p53(-/-) × TgSOD2). We show that each mutation affects mitochondrial, nuclear, and cytosolic oxidative/nitrative stress basal levels differently, but, overall, no change or reduction of oxidative/nitrative stress levels was found in the whole-brain homogenate. The analysis of well-known antioxidant systems such as thioredoxin-1 and Nrf2/HO-1/BVR-A suggests their potential role in the maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis in the presence of changes of SOD2 and/or p53 protein levels.
Vertical and horizontal components of the electric background field at the sea bottom (2012)

ABSTRACT The natural E-field variations measured at the sea bottom, and the magnitude of the different field components compared in the light of the theory for induction caused by ocean surface waves. At shallow sea depths of 107–122 meters only the vertical component carries an observable effect of ocean waves, whereas the horizontal field is dominated by the larger magnetotelluric noise. This agrees well with theoretical predictions.
Repairing software style using graph grammars (1997)

Often, software architects impose a particular style on the software systems they design. For large software systems, they would like to ensure that the design continues to conform to this style during the maintenance phase of the software-life cycle. We will assume that the architectural design of a software system is available; for instance, it may have been extracted from the source code of the system using a parser. We will also assume we have a set of stylistic constraints given by the architect. For example, the architect may want to ensure that if a module X is allowed to use a procedure in a module Y, then module Y needs to export that procedure. We define the Style Repair Problem as follows: If the current architectural design does not satisfy a set of stylistic constraints, how can we repair it so that it does? We choose to represent architectural designs as directed graphs; hence, repairing the style of these designs is equivalent to repairing the graph. We show how graph grammars can be used to automatically repair styles, and we show how this provides insight into the problem of style maintenance. 1
Molekulare Erkennung von Kohlenhydraten durch künstliche Polypyridin- und Polypyrimidinrezeptoren (2000)

Trotz ihrer acyclischen Struktur können die einfachen Wirtmoleküle 1 und 2 Monosaccharide über Wasserstoffbrücken effektiv binden. Gegenüber Glucopyranosiden zeigen sie in Chloroform deutliche Bindungsaffinität, und sie sind in der Lage, an der dreidimensionalen Erkennung von Monosacchariden teilzunehmen.
Development of an advanced industrial metal detector instrumentation (1994)

In the normal three-coil balanced detection system for metal contaminants in products, a centrally excited coil provides a symmetric field linking two outer detector coils which are appropriately balanced to produce a zero voltage output for the detector circuit. The product to be inspected is passed on a conveyor belt through the centre of the triple coil system and the presence of any metal causes an imbalance initially on the input coil which is eventually mirrored by an imbalance in the output coil, with the signal being appropriately identified by phase-sensitive detection circuitry. The output signal is a function of many variables, including signal frequency, permeability and resistance of the sample, geometrical position of the sample within the coil cross-sectional area, and coil spacing. The reference phase angle is a crucial adjustment factor which, inter alia, compensates for product factors such as moisture content and other parameters which affect the electrical characteristics. Utilising the work of Poritsky (1960) it was not difficult to solve the fundamental field equations and optimise the various design parameters to maximise the output signal for any coil shape or sample type, and a simple CAD program was written to automate the design process. The performance specifications of new designs could be easily generated without the need for prototype construction and testing and, in addition, the claims of competitive manufacturers could be countered. Another problem addressed was that of long-term drift in the balanced coil system caused by thermal and other effects.
Diagnostic value of exome and whole genome sequencing in craniosynostosis (2016)

This substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the multiple actionable mutations identified, emphasises the benefits of exome/whole genome sequencing to identify causal mutations in craniosynostosis cases for which routine clinical testing has yielded negative results.
Evaluation of energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer with transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter on scanning transmission electron microscope for detection of low-concentration phosphorus in Fe–P alloy (2020)

An energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer using a transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter with a scanning transmission electron microscope was applied to detect low concentrations of phosphorus (P) in an Fe–P–Mo–Mn alloy. The high energy resolution of 7.2 ± 0.9 eV was demonstrated in the measurements of P Kα signals, which were not visible in the spectra for a conventional silicon drift detector. The P detection limit estimated from the minimum mass fraction improves with the measurement time and is expected to be below 0.005 wt%.
Fusion splicing small-core photonic crystal fibers and single-mode fibers by repeated arc discharges (2006)

We demonstrate a novel method for low-loss splicing small-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and single-mode fibers (SMFs) by repeated arc discharges using a conventional fusion splicer. An optimum mode field match at the interface of PCF-SMF and an adiabatic mode field variation in the longitudinal direction of the small-core PCF can be achieved by repeated arc discharges applied over the splicing joint to gradually collapse the air holes of the small-core PCF. This method is simple and offers a practical solution for light coupling between small-core PCFs and SMFs.
In-plane anisotropic photoluminescence of C-plane GaN under asymmetric biaxial strain (2009)

The effects of anisotropic strain on wurtzite GaN valence subbands are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. k•p perturbation theory reveals that the in-plane asymmetric strain not only affects the transition energies, but also determines the polarization properties, which is analyzed to be the essential cause of the optical anisotropy. Considerable in-plane anisotropy of strained C-plane GaN in polarized photoluminescence is reported. The experimental result in good agreement with theoretical study directly proves the strain effects on the transitions polarization states. The fine accordance of observed and simulated photoluminescence dependences on strain asymmetry degree demonstrates a primary realization of strain controlled optical anisotropy, and such modulation indicates the great potential of utilizing GaN-based semiconductors in polarization-sensitive optoelectronics.
AIM Photonics Demonstration of a 300 mm Si Photonics Interposer (2023)

The American Institute for Manufacturing Integrated Photonics (AIM Photonics) is developing a Si photonic interposer platform (a.k.a. active interposer) to enable 3D co-packaged optics. It is a 100 μm thick Si interposer, built on a 300mm Si wafer, with in-situ photonic layers that support a full suite of active and passive components, including low-loss Si and SiN waveguides, edge couplers, photodetectors, and modulators. The active interposer is achieved through 3D wafer bonding the Si photonics layers to a Si interposer with 100 μm tall through-silicon vias (TSVs). A backside Cu redistribution layer (RDL) enables fan-out to a built-in ball grid array (BGA) for connection to a printed circuit board (PCB) without wire bonds. Additionally, the platform includes packaging processes for III-V laser flip-chip attach directly inside trenches within the interposer photonic layers for edge coupling to SiN waveguides, electronic integrated circuit (EIC) flip-chip attach on the top surface of the interposer to minimize electrical interconnection to the photonics layer, and edge-coupled fiber arrays for optical I/O. We will present our latest results and the challenges associated with the 3D assembly (i.e. wafer bonding and thinning processes). Packaging the various components will be discussed, and optical and electrical device performance will be presented and compared with our base Si photonics process from the APSUNY AIM Photonics / Analog Photonics Base Active Process Design Kit (PDK).
Identification of Potent, Selective, and Peripherally Restricted Serotonin Receptor 2B Antagonists from a High-Throughput Screen (2023)

Antagonists of the serotonin receptor 2B (5-HT<sub>2B</sub>) have shown great promise as therapeutics for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, valvular heart disease, and related cardiopathies. Herein, we describe a high-throughput screen campaign that led to the identification of highly potent and selective 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> antagonists. Furthermore, selected compounds were profiled for their predicted ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Two exemplary compounds, VU0530244 and VU0631019, were predicted to have very limited potential for brain penetration in human subjects, a critical profile for the development of 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> antagonists devoid of centrally-mediated adverse effects.
Diuretic activity of Mas‐DP II, an identified neuropeptide from Manduca sexta: An in vivo and in vitro examination in the adult moth (1994)

Abstract Mas‐DP II, a recently identified 30 amino acid diuretic peptide isolated from the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta , was tested for its ability to increase fluid excretion in adult M. sexta , and for the ability to elevate the rate of fluid secretion from isolated Malpighian tubules cultured in vitro. Mas‐DP II was found to increase fluid weight loss from decapitated adult moths in a dose‐dependent manner; weight loss increased significantly at doses as low as 5 ng for female moths and 25 ng for male moths. Male moths injected with large doses of Mas‐DP II continued to exhibit increased rates of fluid loss up to 4 h post‐injection. In vitro, Mas‐DP II stimulated fluid secretion from isolated Malpighian tubules at concentrations as low as 4 nM for tubules from both male and female moths. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual-mode surface-mount cavity resonator and filter (2009)

A dual-mode surface-mount cavity resonator is proposed. The resonator consists of two identical three-dimensional parts, and planar circuit board. The cavity resonator can be mass-produced by molding techniques and subsequently soldered onto the board. The resonator shows reduced quality factor if compared to conventional air-filled cavities, but in a multi-resonator filter arrangement, cost is greatly reduced because all resonators have identical shape. A dual-mode resonator with an inner volume 11.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> was designed and built to be resonant at about 2.1 GHz. The unloaded quality factor of a silver-plated resonator is 1400. The two-pole passband shows an insertion loss of 0.5 dB. The filter is spurious-free up to 2.72 GHz.
STABILITY OF RADIOIODIMATED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MoAb) AND THEIR F(ab')2 AND Fab FRAGMENTS IN VITRO (1984)

Knowledge of the stability of radioiodinated MoAb and their fragments in vitro is necessary for their practical application and commercialization. Using molecular-sieving (TSK-3000) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) at 11 and 45 minutes and solid phase immunoreactivity, we have observed the in vitro stability of a B cell lymphoma antibody (Lym-1, IgG2a) and its Fab fragment, and a mammary cancer antibody (B6.01, IgG1) and its F(ab‘)2 fragment. Each species was iodinated (I-125) with chloramine-T (C-T) at one microgram C-T per microgram of MoAb and one atom of iodine per molecule of MoAb, and were stored at 4°C. All four species showed mild degradation by 3 days, but this was only slowly progressive for the whole antibodies up to the final observation time of 21 days. F(ab’)2 more rapidly degraded between 6 and 14 days, and Fab between 3 and 6 days, as well as subsequently. The results by HPLC and CAE were comparable and were confirmed by tests of immunoreactivity. In summary, there was no significant difference in degradation in vitro between an IgG2a and an IgGl antibody iodinated in an identical manner, and these molecules were reasonably stable for 14–21 days at 4°C. Fragments of these MoAb iodinated in an identical manner were less stable, and this seemed to be size-related. This could be a reflection of the relatively greater impact of the addition of an atom of iodine to a smaller species, but more likely reflects an inherently reduced stability of the fragments.
Investigation of x-ray damage effects on 4T CMOS image sensors (2012)

This paper presents a study on the radiation-induced trapped charges and the pixel parameter degradation of a 4T CMOS image sensor through the pixel bias voltage technique and trap-annealing. The bias voltage during the radiation has an effect on the yield of oxide trapped charges. The post-radiation shallow trapped charges can be quickly annealed at room temperature. The pixel dark random noise is recovered by annealing the positive trapped charges, while a subsequent annealing causes the pixel noise to rebound by means of the interface traps.