gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Test Methods for Characterization of High-Leakage Two-Winding Transformers (2009)

High-leakage transformers play an important role in power conversion. On-chip, silicon-integrated, and printed-wiring-board-integrated transformers are currently being developed for signal and power applications in high-frequency power supplies. High-power transformers have been developed for the inductive charging of electric-vehicle batteries. These transformers can feature relatively high winding resistances, core loss, and leakage inductances compared with conventional transformers. The conventional open-circuit and short-circuit test calculations have limited use for characterizing these relatively high parasitic transformers. In this paper, the differential (series-opposing) and cumulative (series-aiding) series-coupling tests are developed and applied for the accurate characterization of the transformer resistive and inductive elements. In the series-coupling tests, the various resistive and inductive components simply sum together, making transformer characterization more direct and accurate than attempting to interpret the standard open- and short-circuit (SOS) tests. The SOS tests are extended to provide a more accurate three-measurement approach, and improved correlation is demonstrated between experimental results obtained from the series-coupling tests and the extended open- and short-circuit tests. These results are validated by predictions from finite-element analysis. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the sensitivity of the various test methods to measurement error. The cumulative test is highlighted as being particularly sensitive to measurement error compared with the other test methods.
Predictive Switched-Capacitor Track-and-Hold Amplifier with Improved Linearity (2007)

A novel predictive switched-capacitor amplifier stage is described. It is a track-and-hold amplifier which uses a minimum number of additional capacitors to desensitize the operation to amplifier imperfections. Simulations indicate that the proposed circuit has smaller gain error and lower harmonic distortion than those described in earlier work.
Experience With an Anesthesiologist Interventional Model for Endoscopy in a Pediatric Hospital (2001)

This model of anesthesiologist-provided sedation/anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures has been extremely successful in the Arkansas Children's Hospital and has served to heighten awareness of many issues surrounding sedation and anesthesia outside of the operating room, while ensuring a high level of care is provided.
Full control of quadruple quantum dot circuit charge states in the single electron regime (2014)

We report the realization of an array of four tunnel coupled quantum dots in the single electron regime, which is the first required step toward a scalable solid state spin qubit architecture. We achieve an efficient tunability of the system but also find out that the conditions to realize spin blockade readout are not as straightforwardly obtained as for double and triple quantum dot circuits. We use a simple capacitive model of the series quadruple quantum dots circuit to investigate its complex charge state diagrams and are able to find the most suitable configurations for future Pauli spin blockade measurements. We then experimentally realize the corresponding charge states with a good agreement to our model.
Present Status and Future Growth of Advanced Maintenance Technology and Strategy in US Manufacturing (2020)

The goals of this paper are to 1) examine the current practices of diagnostics, prognostics, and maintenance employed by United States (U.S.) manufacturers to achieve productivity and quality targets and 2) to understand the present level of maintenance technologies and strategies that are being incorporated into these practices. A study is performed to contrast the impact of various industry-specific factors on the effectiveness and profitability of the implementation of prognostics and health management technologies, and maintenance strategies using both surveys and case studies on a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms ranging from small to mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) to large-sized manufacturing enterprises in various industries. The results obtained provide important insights on the different impacts of specific factors on the successful adoption of these technologies between SMEs and large manufacturing enterprises. The varying degrees of success with respect to current maintenance programs highlight the opportunity for larger manufacturers to improve maintenance practices and consider the use of advanced prognostics and health management (PHM) technology. This paper also provides the existing gaps, barriers, future trends, and roadmaps for manufacturing PHM technology and maintenance strategy.
Efficient Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Substituted-3-Hydroxy-4(1H)-Quinolinone-7-Carboxamides with Two Diversity Positions (2007)

A highly efficient solid-phase synthesis of 2-substituted-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolinone-7-carboxamides was developed using anthranilates and bromoketones as the key synthons. Primary amines immobilized to an acid-cleavable BAL linker were acylated with 1-methyl-2-aminoterephtalate. After cleavage of the methyl ester, bromoketones were used to form resin-bound phenacyl esters. Acid-mediated cleavage and subsequent cyclization in solution afforded 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolinones in high purity and yield. Highly efficient solid-phase synthesis (purity>90%, yield>80%, synthetic time=2 days using commercially available synthons) is amenable to high-throughput/combinatorial synthesis to match the high-throughput screening capability.
Initial experience with the fourth generation MitraClip™ : Outcomes, procedural aspects, and considerations for device selection (2021)

Based on our initial experience, we found that the MitraClip™ G4 system is associated with high procedural success and fewer devices needed per procedure. The expanded device options may allow a more targeted approach to the myriad of pathologic presentations of mitral regurgitation. This early experience should provide a foundational opportunity for further refinement.
A risk-informed methodology for parts selection and management (1999)

This paper presents an overview of a ‘risk-informed’ methodology for electronic parts selection and management, which addresses both application-independent processes (part availability, part cost, part manufacturer quality, distributor quality and part family quality and integrity) and application-specific processes (determination of the local environment, part performance, part reliability, assembly and life cycle obsolescence). Risk management activities, which follow the parts selection activities, are also addressed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemic glomerulonephritis in Maracaibo. Evidence for progression to chronicity. (1976)

In 1968 an outbreak of 348 cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN) was observed in Maracaibo, Venezuela. During the year, the epidemic had three peaks of incidence. Districts with better sanitation showed a lower incidence of disease than those with less adequate facilities. Endemic cases occur every year. Lowering of serum complement activity was observed in 96% and hypertension in 90% of the patients. The mortality rate in the acute phase during the epidemic was 1.31%. A history of antecedent infection was found in 39% of the cases. 70% of these infections were in the upper respiratory tract. During 1973-74, 120 of the patients (19 adults and 101 children) were reexamined. All but one had been completely asymptomatic. Sixteen patients (13.3%) had one or more of the following abnormalities (group A): low CCr, microscopic hematuria, proteinuria of 1 g/day or more and hypertension. One hundred and four patients (86.7%) were normal by all clinical and laboratory parameters tested (group B). The incidence of persisting disease, as judged by biochemical findings, was significantly higher (P less than .01) in adults (36.7%) than in children (8.9%). Percutaneous renal biopsies from 7 patients of group A, and 8 patients from group B, were studied by light microscopy and immune histology. All biopsies from group A patients had evidence of advanced glomerular disease by light microscopy and by immune histology. Seven biopsies from group B patients were also abnormal showing mild changes with corresponding immunologic findings. Only in one patient was the biopsy completely normal. Our studies indicate that significant numbers of patients progress towards chronicity after epidemic, poststreptococcal AGN. Such progression is more common in adults than in children.
Culture-Expanded, Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Regenerate a Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defect (1997)

Bone marrow has been shown to contain a population of rare cells capable of differentiating into the cells that form bone, cartilage, and other connective tissues. These cells, referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be purified and culture-expanded from bone marrow, and are capable of forming bone when implanted ectopically in an appropriate carrier. To test the ability of MSCs to heal a critical-sized segmental defect, syngeneic culture-expanded MSCs were loaded onto a porous cylinder of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) and implanted in an 8-mm segmental defect in the femora of adult rats. For comparison, other defects received either marrow-loaded or cell-free HA/TCP cylinders, or no implant. The healing response was evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks by radiography, histology, and quantitative histomorphometry. Defects that received no implant, cell-free HA/TCP cylinders, or cylinders loaded with fresh marrow failed to heal by 8 weeks. In contrast, defects that received MSC-loaded cylinders showed significantly more bone formation at 4 weeks, and were completely healed by 8 weeks with excellent union of the host-implant interfaces. Histomorphometry demonstrates that bone fill in MSC-loaded implants (43%) is greater (p < 0.05) than that obtained with marrow-loaded (19%) or cell-free implants (10%).
Wheel-Rail Contact Modelling for Locomotive Traction Control System Studies (2020)

Abstract Recent locomotive traction studies have been extensively focused on the development of wheel-rail contact models for application inside multibody software products to compute results which can be further used in the prediction of track damage indexes. These models are quite sufficient, but they have a significant disadvantage of slow computational speed. In order to use the same locomotive models for traction studies, a new concept of the model was studied. The main difference from existing models is the developed normal task approach that provides a transition from non-Hertzian to Hertzian contact patches and this innovation was validated against the results obtained in a parallel computation test implemented inside of the wheel-rail coupling based on the Extended Contact library. The test was performed with a multibody locomotive model running on tangent track. The first implementation of the developed wheel rail-coupling has been tested in a parallel mode with the Extended Contact library on a full mechatronic model of a locomotive and the results compared against each other. Discussion on the further development is provided.
University of California Research Seminar Network: A Prospectus (2010)

By webcasting the hundreds of seminars presented in the University of California system each week, UC educators hope to enhance the exchange of scientific information for their campuses and create the foundation for an international research seminar network.
Transcriptome-wide microRNA and target dynamics in the fat body during the gonadotrophic cycle of Aedes aegypti (2017)

The mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> is a major vector of numerous viral diseases, because it requires a blood meal to facilitate egg development. The fat body, a counterpart of mammalian liver and adipose tissues, is the metabolic center, playing a key role in reproduction. Therefore, understanding of regulatory networks controlling its functions is critical, and the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the process is largely unknown. We aimed to explore miRNA expression and potential targets in the female fat body of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, as well as their changes postblood meal (PBM). Small RNA library analysis revealed five unique miRNA patterns sequentially expressed at five sampled time points, likely responding to, and affecting, waves of upstream hormonal signals and gene expression in the same period. To link miRNA identities with downstream targets, transcriptome-wide mRNA 3' UTR interaction sites were experimentally determined at 72 h posteclosion and 24 h PBM through Argonaute 1 cross-linking and immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing. Several target sites were validated by means of in vitro luciferase assays with wild-type and mutated 3' UTRs for six miRNA families. With established transgenic lines, consistent results were observed with spatiotemporal knockdown of miR-8 and luciferase assays. We further investigated miRNAs potentially regulating various physiological processes based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups functional categories. Hence, the present work comprehensively elucidated miRNA expression and target dynamics in the female mosquito fat body, providing a solid foundation for future functional studies of miRNA regulation during the gonadotrophic cycle.
[Effect of mitogens on the changes in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration in the lymphocytes of healthy persons and patients with lymphoblastic leukemia]. (1981)

In the lymphocytes of 20 healthy subjects and 17 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) the cAMP level was determined before and at different time periods during cell incubation with mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin--PHA, concanavalin A--Con A, and pokeweed mitogen PWM). The experiments demonstrated that PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation was associated in healthy subjects during the first 10--20 minutes of incubation with a rise in the intracellular cAMP concentration, while the level of cAMP decreased systematically during 30 minutes of incubation with Con A and PWM. Incubation of lymphocytes of the patients with CLL during 30 minutes with PHA, Con A and PWM caused no changes in the low cAMP level in these cells. The obtained results suggest that PHA activation of lymphocytes in healthy subjects is connected with changes in the intracellular concentration of cAMP.
Trypanosoma cruzi Induces B Cells That Regulate the CD4+ T Cell Response (2022)

<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> infection induces a polyclonal B cell proliferative response characterized by maturation to plasma cells, excessive generation of germinal centers, and secretion of parasite-unrelated antibodies. Although traditionally reduced to the humoral response, several infectious and non-infectious models revealed that B lymphocytes could regulate and play crucial roles in cellular responses. Here, we analyze the trypomastigote-induced effect on B cells, their effects on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and their correlation with <i>in vivo</i> findings. The trypomastigotes were able to induce the proliferation and the production of IL-10 or IL-6 of naïve B cells in co-culture experiments. Also, we found that IL-10-producing B220<sup>lo</sup> cells were elicited <i>in vivo</i>. We also found up-regulated expression of FasL and PD-L1, proteins involved in apoptosis induction and inhibition of TCR signaling, and of BAFF and APRIL mRNAs, two B-cell growth factors. Interestingly, it was observed that IL-21, which plays a critical role in regulatory B cell differentiation, was significantly increased in B220<sup>+</sup>/IL-21<sup>+</sup> in <i>in vivo</i> infections. This is striking since the secretion of IL-21 is associated with T helper follicular cells. Furthermore, trypomastigote-stimulated B-cell conditioned medium dramatically reduced the proliferation and increased the apoptotic rate on CD3/CD28 activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, suggesting the development of effective regulatory B cells. In this condition, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells showed a marked decrease in proliferation and viability with marginal IL-2 or IFNγ secretion, which is counterproductive with an efficient immune response against <i>T. cruzi</i>. Altogether, our results show that B lymphocytes stimulated with trypomastigotes adopt a particular phenotype that exerts a strong regulation of this T cell compartment by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell division, and affecting the developing of a proinflammatory response.
Marked Decline in Malaria Prevalence among Pregnant Women and Their Offspring from 1996 to 2010 on the South Kenyan Coast (2013)

Expanded malaria control in Kenya since the early 2000s has resulted in marked reduction in hospital admissions for malaria; however, no studies have reported changes in malaria infection rates in the same population over this period. Randomly selected archived blood samples from four cohorts of pregnant women and their children from 1996 to 2010 in Kwale District, Coast Province, Kenya, were examined for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), P. malariae, P. ovale, and Plasmodium vivax by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microscopy. Maternal delivery Pf prevalence by PCR declined from 40% in 2000-2005 to 1% in 2009-2010, concordant with increased bed net and malaria chemoprophylaxis use. Individual risk of Pf infection in children from birth to 3 years in serial longitudinal cohort studies declined from almost 100% in 1996-1999 to 15% in 2006-2010. Declines in P. malariae and P. ovale infections rates were also observed. These results show a profound reduction in malaria transmission in coastal Kenya.
Player and Team Performance in Everquest II and Halo 3 (2011)

The market for video games has skyrocketed over the past decade. In the United States alone, the video game industry in 2009 generated almost US$20 billion in sales. Furthermore, according to Lenhart et al. (2008), an estimated 97% of the teenage population and 53% of the adult population are regular game players. Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) have become increasingly popular and amassed communities comprised of over 47 million subscribers by the year 2008. MMOGs are online spaces providing users with comprehensive virtual universes, each with its own unique context and mechanics. They range from the fantastical world of elves, dwarfs, and humans to space faring corporations and mirrors of our world. Large numbers of users interact and role-play via in-game mechanics.
Using Adaptive Circuits to Mitigate Process Variations in a Microprocessor Design (2006)

This case study discusses how to use adaptive circuits in a big dual-core microprocessor to combat process variation. The large die size also makes it suffer more on-die process variation. To prevent continuous design updates or multiple design optimizations, designs incorporate adaptive techniques that achieve the highest performance possible. Although adaptive techniques are not new, having been implemented to some degree for generations (for example, self-calibrating I/O), they have taken significant new roles in many design aspects. As adaptive designs proliferate, increasing amounts of effort go into testing them. This article presented two types of adaptive systems: the silicon-optimizing active deskew system and the silicon-monitoring power measurement and cache latent-error detection system. However, these adaptive circuits are the tip of a growing iceberg. As variability increasingly affects designs, designers will likely use more adaptive circuits to achieve the highest performance and reliability possible. New scaling issues, such as erratic bits, will make these adaptations even more necessary to the design's fundamental operation. With increasing use of adaptive circuits, designers will need to develop new test techniques to ensure high part quality and reliability
How to train your cell - Towards controlling phenotypes by harnessing the epigenome of Chinese hamster ovary production cell lines (2022)

Recent advances in omics technologies and the broad availability of big datasets have revolutionized our understanding of Chinese hamster ovary cells in their role as the most prevalent host for production of complex biopharmaceuticals. In consequence, our perception of this "workhorse of the biopharmaceutical industry" has successively shifted from that of a nicely working, but unknown recombinant protein producing black box to a biological system governed by multiple complex regulatory layers that might possibly be harnessed and manipulated at will. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made to characterize CHO cells on various omics levels, our understanding is still far from complete. The well-known inherent genetic plasticity of any immortalized and rapidly dividing cell line also characterizes CHO cells and can lead to problematic instability of recombinant protein production. While the high mutational frequency has been a focus of CHO cell research for decades, the impact of epigenetics and its role in differential gene expression has only recently been addressed. In this review we provide an overview about the current understanding of epigenetic regulation in CHO cells and discuss its significance for shaping the cell's phenotype. We also look into current state-of-the-art technology that can be applied to harness and manipulate the epigenetic network so as to nudge CHO cells towards a specific phenotype. Here, we revise current strategies on site-directed integration and random as well as targeted epigenome modifications. Finally, we address open questions that need to be investigated to exploit the full repertoire of fine-tuned control of multiplexed gene expression using epigenetic and systems biology tools.
Allometric Scaling and Predicting Cycling Performance in (Well-) Trained Female Cyclists (2013)

As female cycling attains greater professionalism, a larger emphasis is placed on the ability to predict and monitor changes in their cycling performance. The main aim of this study was to determine if peak power output (PPO) adjusted for body mass (W · kg-0.32) accurately predicts flat 40-km time trial performance (40 km TT) in female cyclists as found in men. 20 (well-) trained female cyclists completed a PPO test including maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and a flat 40 km TT test. Relationships between cycling performance parameters were also compared to the cycling performance of 45 male cyclists. Allometrically scaled PPW (W · kg(-0.32)) most accurately predicted 40 km TT performance in the female cyclists (r = -0.87, p<0.0001) compared to any other method, however different slopes between the parameters were found in the female and male cyclists (p=0.000115). In addition gender differences were also found between the relationship between relative PPO (W · kg-1) and relative VO2max (ml · min-1 · kg(-1))(p<0.0001), while no gender differences were found between actual and predicted cycling performance based on the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT), which was used a standardized warm-up. In conclusion, relationships between relative cycling parameters seem to differ between genders, while relationships between absolute cycling parameters seem to be similar. Therefore gender specific regression equations should be used when predicting relative cycling performance parameters.
Identification and collection of particles with optical fibers (2015)

A micro-structured fiber-based system for identification and collection of fluorescent particles is demonstrated. An optical fiber probe with longitudinal holes in the cladding is used to retrieve fluorescent particles by exerting microfluidics forces. Laser induced fluorescent (LIF) is carried out by the fiber probe and an optical setup. When a particle with a previously chosen fluorescence wavelength is identified, a vacuum pump is activated collecting the particle into a hole. Green and red fluorescent polystyrene particles were detected and selectively retrieved.