gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Nagoya Gold Medal Series (2012)

As a member of the International Advisory Board, I would like to congratulate The Chemical Record on issuing the first articles featuring the Nagoya Gold Medal series. In the middle of the last century, the post-World War II era, Japan was very weak in chemistry. During this time, organic chemistry was kept active in Nagoya by Professor Yoshimasa Hirata, an eminent natural products chemist and a great mentor who nurtured many talented chemists including Professor Osamu Shimomura, a 2008 Nobel laureate. In the more than half-century since then organic chemistry has flourished in Nagoya. Although a high caliber has been maintained thanks to the sustained efforts of Professor Hirata's successors, many local academic circles are unable to exist on their own. Fortunately, they have had the support of long-term international cooperation and collaboration. The Nagoya chemistry community would not have prospered as it has without the warm guidance and encouragement of our colleagues worldwide. In 1995, as a token of our gratitude, we decided to award a Nagoya Gold Medal every year to a scientist who has helped to enhance the visibility of our community. The medalist of course must have made a significant original contribution to organic chemistry in its broadest sense. The outstanding list of the recipients includes Professors W. Clark Still, Robert H. Grubbs (2005 Nobel laureate), Henri B. Kagan, Samuel J. Danishefsky, Manfred T. Reetz, K. C. Nicolaou, Dieter Seebach, David A. Evans, J. Fraser Stoddart, Steven Ley, Larry E. Overman, Barry M. Trost, Jean M. J. Frèchet, and Eric N. Jacobsen. The Medal was also given to professors Yoshito Kishi and Koji Nakanishi, who trace their scientific origins to Nagoya and who have acted as scientific ambassadors for many years. Furthermore, in 2006, we had the honor of presenting a Special Award to Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol of Thailand, a patroness of the Asian scientific world. In 1999, we launched the Nagoya Silver Medal to be awarded to a relatively young Japanese scientist whose research has had a major impact on the field of synthetic organic chemistry. The Silver Medalists now play a key role in our science worldwide. In this regard, I appreciate Editor-in-Chief Hisashi Yamamoto's thoughtful initiative in creating the original Nagoya Medal and the Banyu Life Science Foundation International for its generous financial support. The award committee has subsequently been chaired by professors Minoru Isobe and Masato Kitamura. The list of the Nagoya Gold Medalists is truly prestigious. I am certain that the accounts of their great achievements will enjoy a wide readership.
A new method to determine AgCl(1% mol)/Ag electrode potential versus the standard chloride electrode potential in a LiCl-KCl eutectic (2021)

In this work, an innovative method was utilized to determine the AgCl(1% mol)/Ag reference electrode potential versus Cl2/Cl− at 673 K. Instead of directly measuring the chlorine electrode potential, the AgCl(1% mol)/Ag electrode potential versus Cl2/Cl− was calculated from the decomposition voltage of LiCl and the equilibrium potential of Li+/Li versus AgCl(1% mol)/Ag in a LiCl-KCl melt. The decomposition voltage of LiCl in the LiCl-KCl melt was calculated using the Nernst equation and the equilibrium potential of Li+/Li was determined by chronopotentiometry, open circuit chronopotentiometry and potentiodynamic scan techniques, and the deviation is within 5 mV. The AgCl(1% mol)/Ag electrode potential was determined to be −1.130 V vs Cl2/Cl− at 673 K. Since it does not involve direct injection of chlorine gas, this method is more convenient and safer than existing approaches. Furthermore, it also has the potential to be used to calibrate reference electrodes in a variety of melts.
Optoelectronic properties of (ZnO)60 isomers (2012)

We studied the optoelectronic properties of six possible structures of the (ZnO)(60) cluster using density functional theory (DFT). Vertical ionization energies and electron affinities are calculated through total energy differences, while the optical absorption spectra are obtained by using hybrid time-dependent DFT. The (ZnO)(60) cluster has been proven to be particularly stable and it is of potential interest for future applications in nanoelectronics, but its ground-state configuration has been unknown to date. Since the relative stability inferred from total energy calculations suffers from a strong dependence on the computational scheme adopted, we combined it with optical spectroscopy to identify the most abundant geometrical structure of this cluster. The calculated optical spectra are different for each isomer and they could be thus used in comparison with experimental data to explain the ground state of (ZnO)(60).
The Power of Factorization Mechanisms in Local and Central Differential\n Privacy (2019)

We give new characterizations of the sample complexity of answering linear\nqueries (statistical queries) in the local and central models of differential\nprivacy:\n *In the non-interactive local model, we give the first approximate\ncharacterization of the sample complexity. Informally our bounds are tight to\nwithin polylogarithmic factors in the number of queries and desired accuracy.\nOur characterization extends to agnostic learning in the local model.\n *In the central model, we give a characterization of the sample complexity in\nthe high-accuracy regime that is analogous to that of Nikolov, Talwar, and\nZhang (STOC 2013), but is both quantitatively tighter and has a dramatically\nsimpler proof.\n Our lower bounds apply equally to the empirical and population estimation\nproblems. In both cases, our characterizations show that a particular\nfactorization mechanism is approximately optimal, and the optimal sample\ncomplexity is bounded from above and below by well studied factorization norms\nof a matrix associated with the queries.\n
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Decreases Intracellular Thyroid Hormone Activation via an eIF2a-Mediated Decrease in Type 2 Deiodinase Synthesis (2011)

Cells respond rapidly to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by blocking protein translation, increasing protein folding capacity, and accelerating degradation of unfolded proteins via ubiquitination and ER-associated degradation pathways. The ER resident type 2 deiodinase (D2) is normally ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome, a pathway that is accelerated by enzyme catalysis of T(4) to T(3). To test whether D2 is normally processed through ER-associated degradation, ER stress was induced in cells that endogenously express D2 by exposure to thapsigargin or tunicamycin. In all cell models, D2 activity was rapidly lost, to as low as of 30% of control activity, without affecting D2 mRNA levels; loss of about 40% of D2 activity and protein was also seen in human embryonic kidney 293 cells transiently expressing D2. In primary human airway cells with ER stress resulting from cystic fibrosis, D2 activity was absent. The rapid ER stress-induced loss of D2 resulted in decreased intracellular D2-mediated T(3) production. ER stress-induced loss of D2 was prevented in the absence of T(4), by blocking the proteasome with MG-132 or by treatment with chemical chaperones. Notably, ER stress did not alter D2 activity half-life but rather decreased D2 synthesis as assessed by induction of D2 mRNA and by [(35)S]methionine labeling. Remarkably, ER-stress-induced loss in D2 activity is prevented in cells transiently expressing an inactive eukaryotic initiation factor 2, indicating that this pathway mediates the loss of D2 activity. In conclusion, D2 is selectively lost during ER stress due to an eukaryotic initiation factor 2-mediated decrease in D2 synthesis and sustained proteasomal degradation. This explains the lack of D2 activity in primary human airway cells with ER stress resulting from cystic fibrosis.
Polymeric Schiff Bases. I. The Synthesis and Evaluation of Polymeric Schiff Bases Prepared by Schiff Base Exchange Reactions (1967)

Abstract Abstract This paper compares the syntheses and the thermal stabilities of twelve related conjugated, pseudoconjugated, and nonconjugated Schiff base polymers of the general formula in which Z represents The polymers were prepared (a) by the condensation of Z(NH2)2 and p-C6 H4(CHO)2 in (1) solution and (2) as melts, and (b) by three new Schiff base exchange reactions: (1) the aldehyde exchange, (2) the amine exchange and (3) the bis exchange
First Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Akagerine by a Chemoenzymic Approach (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFirst Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Akagerine by a Chemoenzymic ApproachBruno Danieli, Giordano Lesma, Marina Mauro, Giovanni Palmisano, and Daniele PassarellaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8, 2506–2513Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00113a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views713Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Munitions Classification With Portable Advanced Electromagnetic Sensors, Demonstration at the former Camp Beale, CA, Summer 2011 (2012)

Abstract : Classification using portable advanced electromagnetic sensors, designed to operate in areas where terrain and vegetation preclude the use of vehicle-borne sensors, was demonstrated at the former Camp Beale, CA in 2011. The TEMTADS 2x2, Man-Portable Vector (MPV) and portable Berkeley UXO Discriminator (BUD) were used to successfully classify all of the targets of interest by all analysts. There was some variation among analysts in the percent of clutter rejected. All but two of the 16 performers eliminated about 75% of the clutter. This is comparable to the results achieved using the vehicular-borne MetalMapper on another part of this site. Even though this was the first live site demonstration for each of the sensors, daily productivity of 90 to 175 anomalies was possible. One of the teams was able to collect cued data, extract parameters, and classify for $26 per anomaly. Using this per anomaly cost for classification and a few reasonable assumptions we calculate that the use of classification would result in a 50% savings for a 100-acre remediation on a site with conditions like Camp Beale. When a site is remediated, it is typically mapped with a geophysical system, based on either a magnetometer or electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor, and the locations of all detectable signals are excavated. Many of these detections do not correspond to munitions, but rather to other harmless metallic objects or geology: field experience indicates that often in excess of 99% of objects excavated during the course of a munitions response are found to be nonhazardous items. As a result, most of the costs to remediate a munitions-contaminated site are currently spent on excavating targets that pose no threat. If these items could be determined with high confidence to be nonhazardous, some of this expense could be avoided and the available funding applied to more sites.
<title>Sixty-four channel acousto-optical Bragg cells for optical computing applications</title> (1991)

Matrix-matrix and matrix-vector multiplications can be performed optically using techniques involving a number of spatial light modulator technologies. Acousto-optic modulators offer the advantages of high efficiency and fast reconfiguration times, on the order of several nanoseconds. Recent efforts to reduce the package size of the acousto-optic SLM devices and increase their performance characteristics have rendered this approach more attractive to system designers. This paper reports the results of such efforts applied to a 64 channel acousto-optic modulator and a 64 channel acousto-optic deflector that can be used in tandem to optically compute matrix-matrix and matrix-vector calculations. The modulator is placed in the optical path prior to the deflector and is used as the column selector. The deflector can be operated by pulsing the rf signals to produce packets of information along the optical aperture and reimaging the deflector at the detector plane. This method known as Scophony imaging performs the function of row selector and allows true two-dimensional SLM operation from the acousto-optic devices. Specification trade-offs and fabrication issues are covered. Measured performance parameters are summarized.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Correction: Hafnium–zirconium oxide interface models with a semiconductor and metal for ferroelectric devices (2021)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1NA00230A.].
Stiff-to-Soft Transition from Glass to 3D Hydrogel Substrates in Neuronal Cell Culture (2021)

Over the past decade, hydrogels have shown great potential for mimicking three- dimensional (3D) brain architectures in vitro due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and wide range of tunable mechanical properties. To better comprehend in vitro human brain models and the mechanotransduction processes, we generated a 3D hydrogel model by casting photo-polymerized gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) in comparison to poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) atop of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells seeded with 150,000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup> according to our previous experience in a microliter-sized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ring serving for confinement. 3D SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in GelMA demonstrated an elongated, branched, and spreading morphology resembling neurons, while the cell survival in cast PEGDA was not supported. Confocal z-stack microscopy confirmed our hypothesis that stiff-to-soft material transitions promoted neuronal migration into the third dimension. Unfortunately, large cell aggregates were also observed. A subsequent cell seeding density study revealed a seeding cell density above 10,000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup> started the formation of cell aggregates, and below 1500 cells/cm<sup>2</sup> cells still appeared as single cells on day 6. These results allowed us to conclude that the optimum cell seeding density might be between 1500 and 5000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup>. This type of hydrogel construct is suitable to design a more advanced layered mechanotransduction model toward 3D microfluidic brain-on-a-chip applications.
Underwater Optical Communications Systems Part 2: Basic Design Considerations (2006)

Acoustic systems may provide suitable underwater communications because sound propagates well in water. However, the maximum data transmission rates of these systems in shallow littoral waters are /spl sim/10 kilobits per second (kbps) which may be achieved only at ranges of less than 100 m. Although underwater (u/w) wireless optical communications systems can have even shorter ranges due to greater attenuation of light propagating through water, they may provide higher bandwidth (up to several hundred kbps) communications as well as covertness. To exploit these potential advantages, we consider the basic design issues for u/w optical communications systems in this paper. In addition to the basic physics of u/w optical communications with environmental noise, we consider system performance with some state-of-the-art commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, which have promise for placing u/w optical communications systems in a small package with low power consumption and weight. We discuss light sources which show promise for u/w optical transmitters such as laser diodes (LDs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Laser diodes with their output frequency shifted into the 500- to 650-nm range can emit more energy per pulse than LEDs but are more expensive. Currently, LEDs emit substantial amounts of light and are typically very inexpensive. Also, COTS photodiodes can be used as detectors which can respond to pulses several nanoseconds wide. Transmitter broadcast angles and detector fields of view (FOVs) with pointing considerations are discussed. If the transmitter broadcast angle and the detector FOV are both narrow, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received pulse is higher but the pointing accuracy of transmitter and receiver is critical. If, however, the transmitter broadcast angle and/or the detector FOV is wide, pointing is less critical but SNR is lower and some covertness may be lost. The propagation of the transmitted light in various clear oceanic and turbid coastal water types is considered with range estimates for some COTS light sources and detectors. We also consider the effects of environmental noise such as background solar radiation, which typically limits performance of these systems.
The realization of a Ge-GaAs heterojunction transistor with useable gain (1967)

A Ge-GaAs wide band gap emitter transistor has been realized that exhibits useable current gain. The method of fabrication and the transistor characteristics will be described. Useable current gains of 15 to 30 are observed in a structure with an n-GaAs wide band gap emitter and a p-n Ge base-collector region at current densities of 1000 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A typical device to be described has a collector doping of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , a 1-micron wide strongly graded diffused base with a maximum doping level of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5 \times 10^{9}</tex> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and a thin emitter doped to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 10^{8}</tex> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The attainment of current gain in a structure with the base region more heavily doped than the wide band gap emitter is in agreement with Kroemer's theory.
Targeting Retroviral Vectors Using Molecular Bridges (2002)

This chapter discusses the use of molecular bridges to direct infection by retroviral vectors to specific cell types. These bridges include crosslinked antibodies and ligands for specific cell surface receptors as well as GATEs (guided adaptors for virus entry) comprised of soluble retroviral receptors fused to specific ligands or to single chain antibodies.
Matrix-vector Multiplication on a Fixed Size Unidirectional Systolic Array (2007)

In this paper, the problem of multiplication of matrix A=(a <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ik</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nxn</sub> by vector b macr= (b <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nxl</sub> unidirectional linear systolic array (ULSA) comprised of ples[n/2] processing elements is considered. To match the dimension of matrix A to the ULSA size, the partitioning of the matrix A into quasidiagonal blocks is performed. Each block contains p quasidiagonals. In order to decrease the computation time the reordering of elements of block matrices and resulting vector c is performed. The global structure of memory interface subsystem (MIS) is proposed. The MIS, located between the host and ULSA, provides corresponding data transfers to/from ULSA. Finally, the performance of synthesized ULSA is discussed and compared with fixed size bidirectional systolic array.
Diffusion-weighted Imaging with Navigated Interleaved Echo-planar Imaging and a Conventional Gradient System (1999)

DW-interleaved echo-planar imaging with phase navigation and cardiac triggering is robust, reliable, and fast. With high sensitivity for detection of early ischemic infarction, it is useful for examining stroke patients by using MR systems with conventional gradient hardware.
Bioseparations (2000)

Abstract The large scale purification of proteins and other bioproducts is the final production step, prior to product packaging, in the manufacture of therapeutic proteins, specialty enzymes, diagnostic products, and value added products from agriculture. These separation steps purify biological molecules or compounds obtained from biological sources, and hence, are referred to as bioseparations. The essence of large scale bioseparations is both art and science. Bioseparations often evolve from laboratory‐scale techniques. These are adapted and scaled up to satisfy the need for larger amounts of extremely pure, test quantities of the product for analysis, characterization, testing of efficiency, clinical or field trials, and finally, full‐scale commercialization. The uncompromising standards for product quality, driven by commercial competition, end‐use applications, and regulatory oversight, provide many challenges to the scale‐up of protein purification. The rigorous quality control of manufacturing practices embodied in current good manufacturing practices, and the complexity and lability of the macromolecules being processed provide other practical issues which must be addressed. This article gives an overview of manufacturing approaches for selected bioproducts by the new biotechnology and how these approaches impact their recovery and purification using various bioseparation techniques. The basic theory of the most prevalent bioseparations method, chromatography, is described. Since the literature has presented the theory principally for analytical systems, application which are useful in scaling up process chromatographic separations are reviewed here. Also the reader is provided with practical tools that can be used to initiate the scale‐up of liquid chromatography starting from a minimum amount of laboratory data. The use and mechanisms of action of selected bioproducts are summarized to illustrate how recombinant biotechnology provides unique tools and facilitates new products which could not be obtained by other means.