gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verminderde afweer : Risicogroepen en gevolgen voor de huisartsenpraktijk (2016)

Due to medication use, comorbidities and/or age, an increasing number of patients have an impaired immunity to infection. Impaired immunity may lead to an increased risk of (opportunistic) infection, complications from infections, and difficulties in the diagnosis of infections. Guided by clinical parameters, a general practitioner can classify an impaired immunity as 'clinically irrelevant', 'limitedly relevant' or 'potentially serious'. Tocilizumab impairs the production of CRP, which makes it unreliable as an infection parameter. In case of a suspected infection in patients with severe immunosuppression, it will often be necessary to consult a specialist as quickly as possible about further diagnostic procedures and the need for, type and administration route of antimicrobials. In patients with an impaired immunity, adaptation of the antibiotic policy and prophylactic measures, such as vaccination, may be indicated. Patients with (functional) asplenia should immediately start antibiotic treatment in case of fever, pending clinical evaluation by a physician.
Using High-Throughput Screening Data To Discriminate Compounds with Single-Target Effects from Those with Side Effects (2006)

The most desirable compound leads from high-throughput assays are those with novel biological activities resulting from their action on a single biological target. Valuable resources can be wasted on compound leads with significant 'side effects' on additional biological targets; therefore, technical refinements to identify compounds that primarily have effects resulting from a single target are needed. This study explores the use of multiple assays of a chemical library and a statistic based on entropy to identify lead compound classes that have patterns of assay activity resulting primarily from small molecule action on a single target. This statistic, called the coincidence score, discriminates with 88% accuracy compound classes known to act primarily on a single target from compound classes with significant side effects on nonhomologous targets. Furthermore, a significant number of the compound classes predicted to have primarily single-target effects contain known bioactive compounds. We also show that a compound's known biological target or mechanism of action can often be suggested by its pattern of activities in multiple assays.
Nanoscale Concentration Quantification of Pharmaceutical Actives in Amorphous Polymer Matrices by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (2016)

We demonstrated the use of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to evaluate the composition of phenytoin:hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) spin-coated solid dispersions (SDs). To overcome the inability of bright-field and high-angle annular dark-field TEM imaging to distinguish between glassy drug and polymer, we used the π-π* transition peak in the EELS spectrum to detect phenytoin within the HPMCAS matrix of the SD. The concentration of phenytoin within SDs of 10, 25, and 50 wt % drug loading was quantified by a multiple least-squares analysis. Evaluating the concentration of 50 different regions in each SD, we determined that phenytoin and HPMCAS are intimately mixed at a length scale of 200 nm, even for drug loadings up to 50 wt %. At length scales below 100 nm, the variance of the measured phenytoin concentration increases; we speculate that this increase is due to statistical fluctuations in local concentration and chemical changes induced by electron irradiation. We also performed EELS analysis of an annealed 25 wt % phenytoin SD and showed that the technique can resolve concentration differences between regions that are less than 50 nm apart. Our findings indicate that EELS is a useful tool for quantifying, with high accuracy and sub-100 nm spatial resolution, the composition of many pharmaceutical and soft matter systems.
RADAR DETECTION OF THE SEA BREEZE (1960)

Radar and meteorological observations of four sea-breeze cases are presented. A clear-cut association between the echoes and the meteorological events is demonstrated. Where direct measurements are not available, the echo patterns are consistent with a rational physical picture of the sea breeze. Birds, insects, and other particulate matter are precluded by a combination of direct observation of the small pulse volume, by echo magnitude considerations, and by echo pattern. Scattering theory can account for the magnitude of the coherent layer echoes on the vertical beam, at the sea-breeze inversion with large but reasonable refractive-index gradients of 4 to 9 N units per cm or with vapor gradients of about 1 to 2 mb per cm. Incoherent echoes on the horizontal beam appear to come from vapor sheaths of large radius of curvature, with index gradients of similar magnitude, which are oriented parallel to the sea-breeze front. While this unusual result is supported by the streamer-form echo patterns and the steady sea-breeze winds, further verification is required. The horizontal beam echoes disappear with the onset of the usually deeper mesoscale southwest sea breeze because this air, with a long overwater trajectory, has a vertically homogeneous moisture distribution which prevents sharp vapor fluctuations. The crucial condition necessary for the occurrence of persistent sea-breeze echoes on a horizontal beam is the sharp moisture lapse in the low levels.
Cerebral hyperperfusion following carotid endarterectomy (1987)

Serial measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were performed in 56 patients before and one to four times after uncomplicated carotid endarterectomy. The findings were related to the ratio between internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) mean pressures. Within the 1st postoperative day CBF increased by a median of 37% in the ipsilateral and 33% in the contralateral hemisphere. Later recordings showed a gradual return of CBF toward the preoperative level. Sixteen patients with an ICA/CCA pressure ratio below 0.7 showed a significantly more pronounced and longer-lasting flow increase than did 40 patients with a ratio above this level. On Day 1, the median CBF increase in the ipsilateral hemisphere was 61% and 24% in the two groups, respectively (p less than 0.01). A significant improvement in side-to-side asymmetry, resulting from a higher gain in the ipsilateral hemisphere, occurred in the low pressure ratio group, while the hemispheric asymmetry on average was unchanged in the high pressure ratio group. This relative hyperemia was most pronounced 2 to 4 days following reconstruction. The marked hyperemia, absolute as well as relative, in patients with a low ICA/CCA pressure ratio suggests a temporary impairment of autoregulation. Special care should be taken to avoid postoperative hypertension in such patients, who typically have preoperative hypoperfusion, to avoid the occurrence of cerebral edema or hemorrhage.
SAR imaging of moving targets (1999)

A method of forming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of moving targets without using any specific knowledge of the target motion is presented. The new method uses a unique processing kernel that involves a one-dimensional interpolation of the deramped phase history which we call keystone formatting. This preprocessing simultaneously eliminates the effects of linear range migration for all moving targets regardless of their unknown velocity. Step two of the moving target imaging technique involves a two-dimensional focusing of the movers to remove residual quadratic range migration errors. The third and last step removes cubic and higher order defocusing terms. This imaging technique is demonstrated using SAR data collected as part of DARPA's Moving Target Exploitation (MTE) program.
Immobilization of Silver Nanoparticles on Responsive Polymer Brushes (2008)

We report on a facile route for the immobilization of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto the pH-responsive poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brushes. The process involves chemical grafting of P2VP chains on the underlying substrate in brush conformation followed by the in situ synthesis of Ag NPs via chemical reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in the presence of P2VP brushes. The effect of various reaction parameters, such as the employed concentration of AgNO3 salt and reduction time on the immobilization process, has been demonstrated. The quantitative analysis of the loaded amount and surface coverage of the Ag NPs on polymer brushes as a function of the employed AgNO3 salt concentration has been discussed. Immobilization of Ag NPs onto the P2VP brushes has been confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Finally, the system was used to fabricate the nanosensors for detecting the pH of surrounding aqueous medium. The concept is based on the variation in surface plasmon resonance of immobilized Ag NPs with changing the interparticle distances, caused by the swelling/deswelling of the responsive polymer brushes.
Biologically inspired computing (2000)

Computing systems inspired by biological systems (biocomputation) are one possible alternative currently being investigated. Whether it will impact information technology as defined today is still unclear. The field of biocomputation has a twofold definition: the use of biology or biological processes as metaphor, inspiration, or enabler in developing new computing technologies and new areas of computer science; and conversely, the use of information science concepts and tools to explore biology from a different theoretical perspective. In addition to its potential applications, such as DNA computation, nanofabrication, storage devices, sensing, and health care, biocomputation also has implications for basic scientific research. It can provide biologists, for example, with an IT-oriented paradigm for looking at how cells compute or process information, or help computer scientists construct algorithms based on natural systems, such as evolutionary and genetic algorithms. Biocomputing has the potential to be a very powerful tool.
Systemic Oxidative Stress Is Associated With Lower Aerobic Capacity and Impaired Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome (2013)

Systemic oxidative stress was associated with lower aerobic capacity and impaired skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with MetS.
Effect of nintedanib on blood biomarkers in patients with IPF in the INMARK trial (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> The INMARK trial investigated blood biomarkers as predictors of disease progression in subjects with IPF and the effect of nintedanib on changes in these biomarkers. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate the effect of nintedanib on changes in biomarkers of extracellular matrix turnover, inflammation and epithelial dysfunction. <b>Methods:</b> Subjects with IPF and FVC ≥80% predicted were randomised 1:2 to receive nintedanib 150 mg bid or placebo for 12 weeks. Absolute changes from baseline in biomarkers at weeks 4 and 12 with nintedanib vs placebo were analysed using a mixed model for repeated measures. <b>Results:</b> A total of 346 subjects (116 randomised to nintedanib, 230 to placebo) were treated. At baseline, mean (SD) FVC was 97.5 (13.5) % predicted. Compared with placebo, nintedanib significantly reduced levels of N-terminal propeptide of type VI collagen (Pro-C6) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), while CRP levels were significantly increased, at weeks 4 and 12 (Table). Levels of these three biomarkers were stable in the placebo group. Pro-C3 levels were significantly increased with nintedanib versus placebo at week 4 but not at week 12. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that nintedanib may reduce collagen synthesis, as measured by Pro-C6, and epithelial injury, as measured by SP-D, in patients with IPF and limited FVC impairment. Changes in these biomarkers were observed as early as week 4.
Leveraging in-network real-value computation for home network device recognition (2021)

International audience
Information geometry aspects of minimum entropy production paths from quantum mechanical evolutions (2020)

We present an information geometric analysis of entropic speeds and entropy production rates in geodesic evolution on manifolds of parametrized quantum states. These pure states emerge as outputs of suitable su(2;C) time-dependent Hamiltonian operators used to describe distinct types of analog quantum search schemes. The Riemannian metrization on the manifold is specified by the Fisher information evaluated along the parametrized squared probability amplitudes obtained from analysis of the temporal quantum mechanical evolution of a spin-1/2 particle in an external time-dependent magnetic field that specifies the su(2;C) Hamiltonian model. We employ a minimum action method to transfer a quantum system from an initial state to a final state on the manifold in a finite temporal interval. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the minimizing (optimum) path is the shortest (geodesic) path between the two states and, in particular, minimizes also the total entropy production that occurs during the transfer. Finally, by evaluating the entropic speed and the total entropy production along the optimum transfer paths in a number of physical scenarios of interest in analog quantum search problems, we show in a clear quantitative manner that to a faster transfer there corresponds necessarily a higher entropy production rate. Thus we conclude that lower entropic efficiency values appear to accompany higher entropic speed values in quantum transfer processes.
Die Dynamische Kopfverriegelungsschraube - DLS (Dynamic Locking Screw) - eine Weiterentwicklung der winkelstabilen Plattenosteosynthese New osteosynthesis techniques: The dynamic locking screw (DLS) (2010)

Background: The plate-screw-interface of an angular stable plate osteosynthesis is very rigid. So far all attempts to decrease the stiffness of locked plating construct, e.g. the bridged plate technique, decrease primarily the bending stiffness. Thus, the interfragmentary motion increases only on the far cortical side by bending the plate. To solve this problem the dynamic locking screw (DLS) was developed. Materials and Methods: Comparison tests were done with locking screws (LS) and DLS. Axial stiffness and interfragmentary motion were compared. For measurements we used a simplified transverse fracture model, consisting of POM C and an 11-hole LCP3.5 with a fracture gap of 3mm. 3D fracture motion was detected using an optical measurement device (PONTOS 5M/ GOM) consisting of two CCD cameras (2448 × 2048pixel) observing passive markers. Results: Applying an axial load of 150N the DLS reduced the axial stiffness by approximately 16 % while increasing the interfragmentary motion at the near cortical side significantly from approximately 282 μm (LS) to 423 μm (DLS). Conclusion: The use of DLS reduces the stiffness of the plate-screw-interface and thus increased the interfragmentary motion at the near cortical side without altering the advantages of angular stability and its strength. Einleitung Das Platten-Schrauben-Interface einer winkelstabilen Plattenosteosynthese ist sehr rigide. Alle bisherigen, in der Klinik etablierten Techniken um eine winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese »elastischer« zu machen, wie das Weglassen der frakturnahen Schrauben im Sinne einer Uberbruckungsosteosynthese, andern vor allem die Biegesteifigkeit der Osteosynthesen. Dies hat zur Konsequenz, dass eine Abnahme der Steifigkeit mit bisherigen Techniken vor allem die interfragmentare Bewegung auf der Platten abgewandten Frakturseite (Trans-Cortex) erhoht, wahrend eine Zunahme
ML estimation and correction of frequency offset for MC-CDMA systems over fading channels (2002)

Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has been proposed as one of the air interface candidates for the third generation wireless communication systems. However, MC-CDMA systems suffer a lot of performance degradation due to carrier frequency offsets. In this paper, we derive the likelihood function for the carrier frequency offset for MC-CDMA systems for the downlink over Rayleigh flat fading channels. We also propose a gradient algorithm to estimate and minimize the carrier frequency offset in a tracking mode. Simulation results show that system performance can be improved significantly even with only a few iterations.
Arterial pulse wave analysis based on PPG and EMFi measurements (2012)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical measurement technique either in reflective or transmission mode over the skin. PPG amplitudes depend on light wavelength which is typically in near infrared region. Eletromechanical film (EMFi) is an excellent sensor material for low-current long-term applications, e.g., arterial pulse wave recordings. EMFi measures extremely very small movements of the arterial wall and the tissue around the artery on the skin whereas PPG measures very low light absorption, transmission, and scattering caused by oxihemoglobin. Both PPG and EMFi sense elastic wave recoil, impact, and reflection caused by left ventricular contraction. Each type of pulse waves can be analysed in different ways, but they are extensively synergetic. Analysis type (PSD, PDF, NPWD, SDPPG, SDEMFi) shows different information.
Enteric neurodegeneration in ageing (2008)

The objective of this article is to review the clinical presentation and neurobiology of degeneration of the enteric nervous system with emphasis on human data where available. Constipation, incontinence and evacuation disorders are frequently encountered in the ageing population. Healthy lower gastrointestinal function is essential for successful ageing as it is critical to maintaining independence and autonomy to pursue further activity. One clinical expression of enteric neurodegeneration is constipation. However, the aetiology may be multifactorial as disturbances of epithelial, muscle or neural function may all result from neurodegeneration. There is evidence of loss of excitatory (e.g. cholinergic) enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal, whereas inhibitory (including nitrergic) neurons appear unaffected. Understanding neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system is key to developing treatments to reverse it. Neurotrophins have been shown to accelerate colonic transit and relieve constipation in the medium term; they are also implicated in maintenance programmes in adult enteric neurons through a role in antioxidant defence. However, their effects in ageing colon require further study. There is evidence that 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(4) mechanisms are involved in development, maintenance and survival of enteric neurons. Further research is needed to understand and potentially reverse enteric neurodegeneration.
An adaptive fast solver for a general class of positive definite matrices via energy decomposition (2017)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive fast solver for a general class of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices which include the well-known graph Laplacian. We achieve this by developing an adaptive operator compression scheme and a multiresolution matrix factorization algorithm which achieve nearly optimal performance on both complexity and well-posedness. To develop our adaptive operator compression and multiresolution matrix factorization methods, we first introduce a novel notion of energy decomposition for SPD matrix $A$ using the representation of energy elements. The interaction between these energy elements depicts the underlying topological structure of the operator. This concept of decomposition naturally reflects the hidden geometric structure of the operator which inherits the localities of the structure. By utilizing the intrinsic geometric information under this Energy framework, we propose a systematic operator compression scheme for the inverse operator $A^{-1}$. In particular, with an appropriate partition of the underlying geometric structure, we can construct localized basis by using the concept of interior and closed energy. Meanwhile, two important localized quantities are introduced, namely the error factor and the condition factor. Our error analysis results show that these two factors will be the guidelines for finding the appropriate partition of the basis functions such that prescribed compression error and acceptable condition number can be achieved. By virtue of this insight, we propose the Patch Pairing algorithm to realize our energy partition framework for operator compression with controllable compression error and condition number.
Platelet-Targeted Gene Therapy for Hemophilia (2018)

Gene therapy is an attractive approach for disease treatment. Since platelets are abundant cells circulating in blood with the distinctive abilities of storage and delivery and fundamental roles in hemostasis and immunity, they could be a unique target for gene therapy of diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that ectopic expression of factor VIII (FVIII) in platelets under control of the platelet-specific promoter results in FVIII storage together with its carrier protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) in α-granules and the phenotypic correction of hemophilia A. Importantly, the storage and sequestration of FVIII in platelets appears to effectively restore hemostasis even in the presence of functional-blocking inhibitory antibodies. This review summarizes studies on platelet-specific gene therapy of hemophilia A as well as hemophilia B.
Virtual TeleStroke Support for the Emergency Department Evaluation of Acute Stroke (2004)

Objectives: Telemedicine-enabled acute stroke consultation (TeleStroke) may be useful to determine eligibility for treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and provide support to emergency departments without on-site stroke expertise. Methods: Emergency physicians consulted with stroke neurologists via two-way videoconferencing in the evaluation of patients with possible acute stroke. History, neurologic examination, and computed tomography of the head were reviewed to determine eligibility for treatment with tPA. Interpretations of computed tomography were compared for inter-rater reliability between the neurologist and the neuroradiologist using a conventional workstation. Videotape and written records were analyzed to determine time intervals, patient management, and user satisfaction. Results: The authors reviewed data from 24 patients evaluated over 27 months at an island-based hospital. The mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 5.7 (range, 0–22). Fifteen patients arrived at the emergency department less than three hours after symptom onset; 12 were presented for TeleStroke consultation within three hours after symptom onset. Eight of these 12 (75%) had acute ischemic stroke, and six of these eight potentially eligible patients (75%) received intravenous tPA. There was very good agreement among all remote readers for detecting the one case of imaging exclusion (subdural hemorrhage). There were no protocol violations, and a mean (± SD) consult-to-needle time of 36 (± 15) minutes and door-to-needle time of 106 (± 22) minutes was achieved. Transfer was avoided in 11 patients. Physicians believed that TeleStroke consultation improved care in >95% of the cases. Conclusions: TeleStroke videoconferencing can support emergency department–based evaluation of acute stroke and may facilitate tPA delivery in neurologically underserved facilities. A prospective, randomized trial is needed to determine if these systems are superior to traditional telephone consultation.
Association between short total sleep time and hypertension (2012)

Short sleep time assessed by polysomnography was associated with hypertension in this community-dwelling population. Short sleep and presence of sleep apnea appear to independently link to hypertension.
Moths of the family Aegeriidae occurring in Oregon, with notes (1929)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.