gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, propyl gallate and thiabendazole on cytochrome P450 forms in cultured human hepatocytes (2008)

1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four food chemicals, namely butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), curcumin (CC), propyl gallate (PG) and thiabendazole (TB), on cytochrome P450 (CYP) forms in cultured human hepatocytes. 2. Treatment of human hepatocytes for 72 h with 2-200 microM TB produced concentration-dependent increases in CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA levels, whereas treatment with BHT increased CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA levels. CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA levels were induced around 48-, 21- and 9-fold, respectively, by 200 microM TB, with CYP2B6 and CYP 3A4 mRNA levels being induced around 12- and 7-fold, respectively, by 200 microM BHT. 3. In contrast, the treatment of human hepatocytes for 72 h with PG and CC had little or no effect on CYP mRNA levels. 4. The treatment of human hepatocytes with TB also induced CYP1A-dependent 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, whereas BHT induced CYP3A-dependent testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase activity. 5. In summary, the results demonstrate that TB is a mixed inducer of CYP forms in human hepatocytes inducing CYP1A, CYP2B and CYP3A forms, whereas BHT is an inducer of CYP2B and CYP3A forms.
Efficient Decoding Algorithm with QR-Decomposition (2007)

An efficient decoding algorithm named 'divide decoder' is proposed in this paper. Divide decoder can be combined with any decoder using QR-decomposition and offers different pairs of performance and complexity. Divide decoder also provides various combinations of two or more different searching algorithms. The algorithm combined with a sphere decoder is analyzed by simulation for multiple antenna systems.
High-Capacity Short-Range Optical Communication Links (2016)

Over the last decade, we have observed a tremendous spread of end-user mobile devices. The user base of a mobile application can grow or shrink by millions per day. This situation creates a pressing need for highly scalable server infrastructure; a need nowadays satisfied through cloud computing offered by data centers. As the popularity of cloud computing soars, the demand for high-speed, short-range data center links grows. Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) and multimode fibers (MMF) prove especially well-suited for such scenarios. VCSELs have high modulation bandwidths, are energy efficient, reliable, and cheap to fabricate. MMFs are highly tolerant to coupling misalignment and bending. However, because of the large spectral width of VCSELs and, consequently, chromatic and modal dispersion effects in the fiber, the VCSEL-MMF links have a limited bandwidth{distance product: their achievable distance is limited to 100 m at 25 Gbps for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling. This thesis introduces several methods to tackle this limitation and increase the capacity of a VCSEL-MMF link based on intensity modulation (IM)/direct detection (DD). First, we apply the MultiCAP modulation format to increase the transmission net rate to 65.7 Gbps over 100 m MMF using a single VCSEL and equalization at the receiver. Second, we demonstrate that using a novel block-based 8-dimentional/8-level (BB8) advanced modulation format improves the receiver sensitivity compared to to the equally spectrally ecient PAM-4 modulation format. Single VCSEL transmission over 100 m is demonstrated at 54.5 Gbps. Third, we explore the potential of extending the transmission reach by using a lower chromatic dispersion region with a pre-emphasized 1060 nm VCSEL. Fourth, we discuss short-range wavelength division multiplexing where the total capacity is the product of the single wavelength's capacity and the number of wavelengths. The presented simulations and experiments validate the capacity improvement it introduces. Finally, we apply selective modal launch to the multimode VCSEL-multimode fiber scenario. This way, we achieve 10 Gbps over 400 m and then conrm the approach in an optimized system at 25 Gbps over 300 m. The techniques described in this thesis leverage additional degrees of freedom to better utilize the available resources of short-range links. The proposed schemes enable higher speeds and longer distances of the IM/DD optical interconnects.
A 14-band Frequency Synthesizer for MB-OFDM UWB Application (2006)

A 14-band frequency synthesizer for UWB application is realized in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. It uses two PLLs and three mixers. The unwanted spurs due to frequency mixing are at least 35dB lower than the output carriers by using a quadrature divide-by-3 circuit and a 2-stage single-sideband mixer. The core circuit area is 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the power consumption is 160mW
Extracellular vesicles from Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats have differential vasodilatory responses in resistance arteries (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as novel bio‐markers and bio‐activators in vascular dysfunction in hypertension (HTN). However, the mechanism by which EVs affect vascular function is unknown. To examine the effects of EVs on acetylcholine (ACh)‐mediated vasodilation, we isolated 3 rd order mesenteric arteries and EVs from 12‐wk old normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Arteries were cannulated on a pressure myograph and EVs (~6×10 7 EV/mL) were added to the vessel lumen and circulating bath. No significant difference in ACh vasodilation was observed in control WKY and SHR arteries (no EVs). Interestingly, WKY arteries treated with WKY EVs reduced vasodilation compared to control arteries, an effect lost when treated with SHR EVs. ACh‐mediated vasodilation was not altered in SHR arteries when treated with either WKY or SHR EVs. WKY arteries treated with EVs isolated from 6‐wk old WKY and SHR, an age where SHR rats have not yet developed HTN, or with delipidated EVs from 12‐wk old WKY and SHR rats resulted in reduced vasodilation. Together, these data suggest that normotensive EVs reduce ACh‐mediated vasodilation and upon development of hypertension fail to reduced vasodilation. However, reduced vasodilation can be restored by delipidation of the SHR EVs or SHR EVs obtained prior to development of hypertension. Analysis of isolated EVs showed a larger number of CD45‐positive EVs in 12 week‐old SHR rats, indicating an increase in EVs from inflammatory cells following the development of hypertension. Using EVs isolated from human blood samples, a similar reduction in vasodilation was observed in arteries exposed to EVs isolated from normotensive humans. This effect was lost when arteries were treated with EVs isolated from hypertensive patients. This data supports the functional role of EVs in vascular regulation that is altered in HTN. Support or Funding Information K99HL143165, K23HL12610, HL088554 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Supplementary Figure S2 from Loss of RasGAP Tumor Suppressors Underlies the Aggressive Nature of Luminal B Breast Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RASAL2 Expression/Promoter Methylation Analysis and Behavior of Various Breast Cancer Cell Lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Upregulated expression of DIXDC1 in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma: co-localization with β-catenin and correlation with poor prognosis (2015)

Our study indicated that DIXDC1 is a significant independent prognostic indicator in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma that plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma through the Wnt signaling pathway.
The Continued Emergence of Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An Update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System (1996)

As part of ongoing national surveillance, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done on all pneumococcal isolates recovered from normally sterile body sites of patients at 12 hospitals in 11 states during 1993-1994. Of 740 isolates, 14.1% were penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP; MIC > or = 0.1 microgram/mL), 3.2% were penicillin-resistant (MIC > or = 2.0 micrograms/mL), and 25.5% were nonsusceptible to more than one antimicrobial agent. PNSP were more prevalent among children < 6 years old (18.4%) than patients > or = 18 years old (11.7%) and among white persons (16.2%) than black persons (12.1%). PNSP represented 15 serotypes, but 89% of PNSP were serotypes in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. The proportion of isolates with reduced susceptibility and the number of serotypes of nonsusceptible strains are increasing in the United States. Improved local surveillance for PNSP infections, judicious use of antibiotics, and development and use of effective pneumococcal vaccines will be required to treat and prevent disease caused by these strains.
High-Efficiency Perovskite Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Devices by Effective Washing Process and Interfacial Energy Level Alignment (2017)

All inorganic perovskites quantum dots (PeQDs) have attracted much attention for used in thin film display applications and solid-state lighting applications, owing to their narrow band emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), color tunability, and solution processability. Here, we fabricated low-driving-voltage and high-efficiency CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> PeQDs light-emitting devices (PeQD-LEDs) using a PeQDs washing process with an ester solvent containing butyl acetate (AcOBu) to remove excess ligands from the PeQDs. The CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> PeQDs film washed with AcOBu exhibited a PLQY of 42%, and a narrow PL emission with a full width at half-maximum of 19 nm. We also demonstrated energy level alignment of the PeQD-LED in order to achieve effective hole injection into PeQDs from the adjacent hole injection layer. The PeQD-LED with AcOBu-washed PeQDs exhibited a maximum power efficiency of 31.7 lm W<sup>-1</sup> and EQE of 8.73%. Control of the interfacial PeQDs through ligand removal and energy level alignment in the device structure are promising methods for obtaining high PLQYs in film state and high device efficiency.
[Clinical application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in rehabilitation medicine]. (2010)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an effective tool to non-invasively investigate cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics. fNIRS as well as other functional neuroimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been used for investigating the neural mechanisms of functional recovery after a stroke or a traumatic brain injury. fNIRS has several advantages over other neuroimaging techniques in terms of clinical application in the field of rehabilitation medicine. In addition to its portability and low equipment cost, fNIRS does not require strict motion restriction during measurement, unlike other functional imaging techniques. Therefore, this technique enables the examination of cortical activation during physically dynamic activities, like gait or balance perturbation. Studies using fNIRS have revealed several implications for gait recovery after stroke. These studies have shown that the medial sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) are mainly involved in steadying gait and that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in the adjustment of walking speed. In hemiparetic patients, lateralization of SMC activation during gait is reduced, and additional cortical activations in the premotor cortex and PFC during gait became evident after focused rehabilitation for several months. The cortical activation pattern may be modified after different types of rehabilitative interventions. These results imply that fNIRS data is a potential biomarker for functional recovery and the response to rehabilitative interventions. Although further studies are required, fNIRS might provide useful information for customizing rehabilitation programs in order to enhance functional recovery.
Cancer as a Therapeutic Agent? (2013)

The author, concisely and generically, proposes experimental testing on suitable laboratory animals, in state-of-the-art international centers endowed with cancer reversal experimental techniques. Using mild carcinogens to induce more or less benign growths can be reversed back to a normal state by single or dual strategy: in spinal paralysis by medullar contusion in young rabbits; for blindness caused by the severing of the optic nerve in sheep; for neural deafness caused by severing the acoustic nerve in rabbits. If these techniques could be shown to be feasible and successful for higher order primates and if having then already cured for life a sufficient number of malignant cancers by cancer reversal by dual strategy in human beings, of course these methods could be then considered for patients.
Abstract TMP80: Sex Is Associated With Location, Severity And Outcome Of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Combined Analysis Of Four Landmark Studies (2023)

Background and objective: Small, single-center studies point to biological and clinical differences in women and men who sustain a spontaneous, non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Leveraging data from four landmark studies of ICH, we investigated the impact of sex on risk factors, location, severity and outcome of ICH. Design: Individual patient data meta-analysis of four studies of ICH, including three randomized clinical trials and one multi-ethnic observational study. Setting: Academic medical centers in the United States. Patients: Patients with neuroimaging confirmed ICH. Measurements: We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis of four landmark studies of ICH: ERICH, ATACH-II, FAST and MISTIE-III. We evaluated whether sex was associated with specific risk factor profiles, hemorrhage location (deep or lobar), neuroimaging severity (hematoma volume and expansion), and poor 90-day functional outcomes (defined as a modified Rankin scale 4 to 6). Main Results: A total of 4,812 ICH patients were evaluated (mean age 62, 60% males). Men with ICH were younger, more likely to be smokers and diabetics, and less likely to be on anticoagulants (all p&lt;0.05). In multivariable analyses, male sex was associated with non-lobar location (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.42-2.01; p&lt;0.001), larger hemorrhages (beta, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.14-0.28; p&lt;0.001) and a higher risk of hematoma expansion (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.56; p=0.003). Despite the larger hemorrhage volume and higher risk of expansion, male sex was associated with a 22% lower risk of poor outcomes (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91; p=0.001). Conclusions: Men with ICH are more likely to have vascular risk factors, have larger hemorrhage volumes, and have higher risk of hemorrhage expansion. They are also more likely to have a good outcome at 90 days compared to women.
Multisensor fusion of visual and thermal images for human face identification using different SVM kernels (2012)

In this paper we present a novel method of face identification using different levels of pixel fusion (e.g. ratios for pixel information taken from the visual and thermal images are, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2 and 7:3) and classification of fused images using different kernels of Support Vector Machine (SVM). Visual imagery has been broadly used in face identification systems, but these are very sensitive to illumination changes. This limitation has been overcome by the Infrared (IR) spectrum that provides simpler and more robust solution to boost the identification performance in uncontrolled environments and deliberate attempts to obscure identity. But IR imagery is sensitive to temperature changes in the surrounding environment and variations in the heat patterns of the face and it is opaque to glass. All these facts degrade the face identification efficiency. This drove us to fuse information from both visual and thermal spectra, which have the potential to improve face identification performance as fusion of thermal and visual images provide improved images with more compact information. Once we get fused images those are reduced in dimension using Eigenvalue Decomposition based Candid Co-variance free Incremental Principal Component Analysis (EVD-CCIPCA) and these reduced fused images are classified using the three different kernels of SVM. The three kernels used here are: linear, polynomial and gaussian RBF. SVM is primarily a classifier method that performs classification tasks by constructing hyperplanes in a multidimensional space that separates cases of different class labels. In this paper, we have used multiclass SVM to carry out identification on face images and Quadratic Programming (QP) optimization method to train the SVM. For experiments, IRIS Thermal/Visual Face Database is used. Experimental results show that 97.28% is the highest average success rate achieved on the fused images of 70% visual and 30% thermal images using the linear kernel. However, the highest success rate of 100% is achieved for classes 4 and 10 in several cases.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENAZINE 5,10‐DIOXIDE COMPLEXES WITH 3D METAL PERCHLORATES (1979)

Abstract Die Titelkomplexe (I) bis (VI), alle als Hydrate erhalten, wurden durch Reaktion des Liganden in CHCl 3 mit den hydratisierten Metallperchloraten in Ethylacetat ohne Zusatz eines Dehydrierungsmittels oder durch Reaktion von Ligand‐ und Salzlösung nach vorangegangener Dehydratisierung mit Molekülsieben dargestellt.
A critical review of the therapeutic potential of dibenzyl trisulphide isolated from Petiveria alliacea L (guinea hen weed, anamu) (2007)

The data compiled in the present review on dibenzyl trisulphide (DTS) isolated from Petiveria alliacea L (the guinea hen weed or anamu) revealed that the compound and its derivatives could be of tremendous pharmaceutical interest. The mode of action elucidated for DTS revealed that it is a mitogen activated protein extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (MAPKinases erk1 and erk 2) signal transduction molecule. Dibenzyl trisulphide caused hyper-phosphorylation of growth factor induced MAPKinases (erk 1 and erk 2) phosphorylation, a process critical for the improvement of long term memory, and is implicated in neuronal growth. Dibenzyl trisulphide and its derivatives exhibited potent anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity on a wide range of cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of DTS was increased by 70-1000 fold when bound to albumin in vitro. Dibenzyl trisulphide seems to have a cytokine switching mechanism in which it down regulates cytokines from the Type I helper cells (Th -1 cell) pathway which contained several pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulates those on the Type 2 helper cells (Th-2) pathway. The trisulphide up-regulates some reticuloendothelial system parameters eg granulocyte counts and increased thymic and Peyer's patches masses via cell proliferation processes which are known to be regulated via the MAPKinase signal transduction pathway. When the zygotes ofAsternia pectinifera (Starfish) were exposed to DTS at concentration of 10 mM, a dose lethal to all cancer cells tested, it was observed that the sensitive process of protein biosynthesis was not affected Similarly, the proliferation of the HOFA human fibroblast, a noncancerous cell line, was not severely affected by DTS at 8.9 microM over seven days, a concentration also lethal to most cancer cell lines tested The implications of the findings will be highlighted in the present review.
Limitations To vO2max In Competitive Swimmers (2019)

PURPOSE: Literature containing V̇O2MAX values for competitive swimmers is sparse and has generally reported modest values for competitive swimmers when compared with other endurance athletes. The purpose of this investigation was 1) to pool the findings of previous research to provide a reference value for the V̇O2MAX of competitive swimmers and 2) to examine primary data to suggest a basis for the modest values reported to date. METHODS: Values obtained from the literature from swimmers age 17 years or older described as “trained,” “highly-trained,” “collegiate,” “national-level,” “international-level,” or “elite,” and completing incremental, open-flow, indirect calorimetry swimming protocols were included in the analysis. A mean and 95% CI were calculated for each sex using a random-effects model. Additionally, in our laboratory, swimming V̇O2MAX data were collected on national- and international-level women and men swimmers in a swimming flume using a continuous, incremental weight-loading protocol at a constant speed. These data were compared to V̇O2MAX data from national-level runners (7 men) who completed an incremental grade increase treadmill protocol in our lab. RESULTS: Eight articles utilizing swimming protocols (k = 9, n = 70 women; k = 13, n = 121 men) were analyzed. The relative V̇O2MAX (mL·kg-1·min-1; mean ± 95% CI) was 50.2 ± 1.3 for women and 54.9 ± 0.5 for men. Our V̇O2MAX data (4 women; 10 men) agree with the literature values (mean ± SD; 51.0 ± 5.0 women; 53.6 ± 4.7 men). There was a strong (r = 0.75) and significant (p = 0.01) correlation between breathing frequency (fb; breaths·min-1) at max and relative V̇O2MAX in the men swimmers that was not evident in the running cohort (r = -0.41; p = 0.34). Relative V̇O2MAX, minute ventilation (V̇E, BTPS; L·min-1), and fb at max were significantly different (p < 0.01; p < 0.01; p = 0.01) between men swimmers (V̇E, BTPS = 135.7 ± 16.1; fb = 47.1 ± 9.1) and runners (V̇O2MAX = 73.9 ± 3.5; V̇E, BTPS = 169.7 ± 16.6; fb = 58.6 ± 7.6). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between fb and V̇O2MAX in swimmers suggests that V̇O2MAX for competitive swimmers could be compromised at least in part by fb and presumably V̇E by extension. The absence of this same relationship in runners suggests that this could be due to constraints specific to swimming, such as phase-locked breathing.
Topical Delivery of Nano-encapsulated Rutoside Medication for Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Rat Model (2018)

Introduction: To prepare nano-encapsulated Rutoside ointment (NRO) and studied their topical delivery on diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) rats. Encapsulate the Rutoside with palmitic acid and polyvinyl alcohol using hot homogenization method. Rutoside nanoparticles are characterized with transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. NRO develops with absorption ointment ingredients and evaluated their pH, viscosity, and stability. Method: The standardized wound area created on the foot surface of diabetic rats. The foot ulcer healing nature of NRO and Rutoside ointment (RO) determined by wound contraction, histopathological scores, hydroxyl proline and antioxidant levels on the day of 1st, 8th and 16th day. Formulation 5 displayed spherically and rod shape nanoparticles, with excellent encapsulation and stability. NRO presents pH (6.9 ± 03) and viscosity (17.23 ± 0.02). Result: Topical delivery of NRO showed significant wound contraction (p < 0.01), increased antioxidants and hydroxyl proline content than compared with DFU rats treated with RO on the 16th day. Efficient regeneration of dermal tissues, capillary vessels and thickness of granulation tissues also noted in NRO treated rats. Conclusion: The study infers NRO effectively improved wound contraction in the diabetic foot ulcer rats. Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, Rutoside, foot ulcer, topical delivery, drug carriers, diabetes.