gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent inhibition by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin of skin tumorigenesis with polycyclic hydrocarbons. (1980)

Abstract The effects of treating female mice with single topical doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) at various times before and after 7,12-dimethylbenz( a )anthracene (DMBA), benzo( a )pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), and (±)- trans -7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo( a )-pyrene were studied. TCDD, at doses of 1 µg/mouse, was applied topically 3 days prior to, 5 min prior to, or 1 day after the initiator. The application of TCDD 5 min prior to or 1 day after initiation with DMBA, benzo( a )pyrene, or MCA had little or no effect on papilloma formation. In contrast, when TCDD was applied 3 days prior to initiation with these hydrocarbons, a marked reduction in papilloma formation was observed. TCDD, applied 3 days prior to, 5 min prior to, or 1 day after initiation with (±)- trans -7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo( a )pyrene produced 81, 50, and 39% inhibition of papilloma formation after 20 weeks of promotion. Similar effects were observed when higher initiating doses of DMBA and the diol-epoxide were utilized. In addition, single i.p. doses of TCDD (1 µg/mouse) 3 days prior to initiation with DMBA or MCA were highly effective at inhibiting papilloma formation. Several congeners of TCDD, lacking, possessing similar, or possessing different inducing properties, were tested for their effects on tumor initiation by DMBA. 3,4,3′,4′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl effectively inhibited tumor initiation by DMBA, whereas 2,7-dichlorodibenzo- p -dioxin and 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl had little or no effect on the tumor response. Topical application of TCDD at the doses utilized in the tumor experiments markedly induced epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (21-fold) 3 days after treatment. In addition, epidermal uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activities were stimulated 2- to 3-fold 3 days following TCDD treatment. TCDD treatment had little or no effect on epidermal epoxide hydrase or glutathione- S -transferase activities. The time course for induction of epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase correlated with the time course for the inhibitory effects of TCDD on tumor initiation with DMBA, benzo( a )pyrene, and MCA.
A Designed ZnO@ZIF‐8 Core–Shell Nanorod Film as a Gas Sensor with Excellent Selectivity for H2 over CO (2017)

The development of H<sub>2</sub> gas sensors is important for H<sub>2</sub> production as a fuel. In this work, a ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell nanorod film is designed and synthesized as a gas sensor through a facile solution deposition process. This film shows an excellent selective response for H<sub>2</sub> over CO. By fine-tuning the reaction conditions, a ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell structure with a thin, fine-grain, porous ZIF-8 shell is obtained. Owing to the facile H<sub>2</sub> penetration through the ZIF-8 thin shell (≈110 nm) and the increased oxygen vacancies for the complex film, the ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorod film shows a higher H<sub>2</sub> sensitivity than a raw ZnO nanorod film. More importantly, the ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorod film shows no response for CO at 200 °C. Because of the fine-grain confinement of the porous ZIF-8 shell (<140 nm), the molecular sieving effect is strengthened, which allows the effective separation of H<sub>2</sub> over CO. This work provides a promising strategy for the design of high-performance H<sub>2</sub> sensors.
Current Recommendations for the Treatment of Psoriasis (2017)

This chapter reviews the multiple psoriasis treatment options that are currently available, including traditional topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic therapies, and the latest addition of biological therapies. These various modalities are designed to target the different components of the diverse pathways involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Treatment is guided by severity of disease, type of psoriasis, treatment response, patient comorbidities, and patient preference. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay treatment for psoriasis, and are effective as monotherapy for mild disease or combined with other topicals or systemic therapies for moderate to severe disease. Before the advent of biologic therapies, other systemic therapies, such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and oral retinoids, were commonly used for psoriasis therapy. Biological therapies are the latest addition to the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and have become increasingly utilized due to their high short- and long-term efficacy and good safety profile.
A Pruning Head Adapted to Telescopic Extension Poles for Sampling Insect Populations (1971)

Journal Article A Pruning Head Adapted to Telescopic Extension Poles for Sampling Insect Populations Get access H. W. Flake, Jr., H. W. Flake, Jr. Forest Pest Control, Forest Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. K. Lister, C. K. Lister Forest Pest Control, Forest Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. E. Meyer H. E. Meyer Forest Pest Control, Forest Service, USDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 64, Issue 6, 1 December 1971, Page 1557, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/64.6.1557 Published: 01 December 1971 Article history Received: 15 March 1971 Published: 01 December 1971
A robust motion planning approach for autonomous driving in urban areas (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.
Molecular mechanisms of MMP9 overexpression and its role in emphysema pathogenesis of Smad3-deficient mice (2012)

Previous studies have found that inappropriate elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) expression and activity is coincident with early onset of emphysema in Smad3-null mice. Herein, we further investigated the role of increased MMP9 in emphysema pathogenesis and the related molecular regulatory mechanisms of elevated MMP9 in Smad3-null lung. Genetic blockade of MMP9 in Smad3-null mice significantly attenuated emphysema pathology but not hypoalveolarization during early postnatal lung development. Furthermore, Smad3 was found to be a transcription factor to positively regulate a protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) by binding to an AP-1 site of SIRT1 promoter. A synergistic regulatory effect on SIRT1 expression was also detected between Smad3 and c-Jun. Consistently, Smad3 knockout lung at P28 had reduced SIRT1 expression, which in turn resulted in increased acetylation of histone H3 at the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), NF-κB, and Pea3 binding sites of MMP9 promoter and increased acetylation of NF-κB. In addition, increased Pea3 expression and nuclear accumulation was also detected in Smad3-null lungs at P28. Consistently, bindings of acetylated NF-κB and Pea3 to the MMP9 promoter were elevated in Smad3-null lung. We thus propose that deficiency of Smad3 causes downregulation of SIRT1 and increased Pea3 expression/nuclear accumulation, respectively. Decreased SIRT1 activity resulted in increased acetylation of histone H3 and NF-κB. Subsequently, increased bindings of transcription factors including NF-κB and Pea3 to MMP9 promoter significantly upregulate MMP9 transcription, contributing to emphysema pathogenesis.
Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health Through Telemedicine (MI-SIGHT): Baseline Methodology for Implementing and Assessing a Community-based Program (2021)

The MI-SIGHT Program may serve as a model for glaucoma screening and care in high-risk communities.
Enhancing multiple object tracking performance with noninvasive brain stimulation: a causal role for the anterior intraparietal sulcus (2015)

Multiple object tracking (MOT) is a complex task recruiting a distributed network of brain regions. There are also marked individual differences in MOT performance. A positive causal relationship between the anterior intraparietal sulcus (AIPS), an integral region in the MOT attention network and inter-individual variation in MOT performance has not been previously established. The present study used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, in order to examine such a causal link. Active anodal stimulation was applied to the right AIPS and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (and sham stimulation), an area associated with working memory (but not MOT) while participants completed a MOT task. Stimulation to the right AIPS significantly improved MOT accuracy more than the other two conditions. The results confirm a causal role of the AIPS in the MOT task and illustrate that tDCS has the ability to improve MOT performance.
CYANOCARBON CHEMISTRY. XXIII. THE IONIZATION BEHAVIOR OF CYANOCARBON ACIDS (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCYANOCARBON CHEMISTRY. XXIII. THE IONIZATION BEHAVIOR OF CYANOCARBON ACIDSRichard H. BoydCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 4, 737–744Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100798a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100798a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multiple instance learning for buried hazard detection (2016)

© 2016 SPIE. Buried explosives hazards are one of the many deadly threats facing our Soldiers, thus the U.S. Army is interested in the detection and neutralization of these hazards. One method of buried target detection uses forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FLGPR), and it has grown in popularity due to its ability to detect buried targets at a standoff distance. FLGPR approaches often use machine learning techniques to improve the accuracy of detection. We investigate an approach to explosive hazard detection that exploits multi-instance features to discriminate between hazardous and non-hazardous returns in FLGPR data. One challenge this problem presents is a high number of clutter and non-target objects relative to the number of targets present. Our approach learns a bag of words model of the multi-instance signatures of potential targets and confuser objects in order to classify alarms as either targets or false alarms. We demonstrate our method on test data collected at a U.S. Army test site.
Effect of different polyethers on surface and thermal properties of poly(urethane-siloxane) copolymers modified with side-chain siloxane (2013)

Poly(urethane-dimethylsiloxane) (PU-PDMS) copolymers with 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), different polyethers i.e., poly(oxytetramethylene)diol, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), and α,ω-dihydroxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane extended with 1,4-butanediol in two-step solution polymerization were obtained. The PU-PDMS were modified using 1.25 mol% of polydimethylsiloxane which was incorporated into main polyurethane backbone as a side chain. The structure of the synthesized PU-PDMS was confirmed by FTIR as well as 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The effect of different soft segments on free surface energy (FSE) components and thermal stability of poly(urethane-siloxane) copolymers was investigated. The activation energy of the thermal degradation of PU-PDMS using isoconversional methods (Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and Friedman) was calculated. It was concluded that molecular mass, thermal stability, and FSE of PU-PDMS copolymers depend on polyol used. The apparent activation energy at first step of degradation in nitrogen generally increases with the extent of conversion which may result from complex mechanism related to formation of decomposition products. Hydrophobic character of side-chain siloxane on surface properties of the PU-PDMS coatings was confirmed. The obtained coatings are generally soft with the relative hardness in the range of 0.120–0.027.
Metalloprotein–Inhibitor Binding: Human Carbonic Anhydrase II as a Model for Probing Metal–Ligand Interactions in a Metalloprotein Active Site (2013)

An ever-increasing number of metalloproteins are being discovered that play essential roles in physiological processes. Inhibitors of these proteins have significant potential for the treatment of human disease, but clinical success of these compounds has been limited. Herein, zinc(II)-dependent metalloprotein inhibitors in clinical use are reviewed, and the potential for using novel metal-binding groups (MBGs) in the design of these inhibitors is discussed. By using human carbonic anhydrase II as a model system, the nuances of MBG-metal interactions in the context of a protein environment can be probed. Understanding how metal coordination influences inhibitor binding may help in the design of new therapeutics targeting metalloproteins.
Numerical simulations of progressive crushing of pultruded composite tubes under axial blast load (2009)

A numerical investigation was carried out to evaluate the response of pultruded composite tubes, made of polyvinylester matrix reinforced uni-directionally with glass fibers, to axial blast loading. A full scaled model of the specimen was developed to simulate the experiments using LS_DYNA3D. The finite element solutions were validated using experimental data that was published by [1]. Good correlation, based on transmitted impulse by the explosive and crushed distance of the composite tube, was obtained between the finite element simulations and experiments.
Static synchronous series compensator: a solid-state approach to the series compensation of transmission lines (1997)

This paper describes an active approach to series line compensation, in which a synchronous voltage source, implemented by a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) based voltage-sourced inverter, is used to provide controllable series compensation. This compensator, called static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), can provide controllable compensating voltage over an identical capacitive and inductive range, independently of the magnitude of the line current. It is immune to classical network resonances. In addition to series reactive compensation, with an external DC power supply it can also compensate the voltage drop across the resistive component of the line impedance. The compensation of the real part of the impedance can maintain high X/R ratio even if the line has a very high degree of series compensation. Concurrent and coordinated modulation of reactive and real compensation can greatly increase power oscillation damping. The paper discusses the basic operating and performance characteristics of the SSSC, and compares them to those characterizing the more conventional compensators based on thyristor-switched or controlled series capacitors. It also presents some of the results of TNA simulations carried out with an SSSC hardware model.
Negatively‐Doped Conducting Polymers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2020)

Abstract The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) limits the efficiency of oxygen‐associated energy conversion in fuel cells and air‐metal batteries. Today, expensive noble metal catalysts are often utilized to enhance the ORR and the resulting conversion efficiency in those devices. Hence, there is an intensive research to find efficient electrodes, exhibiting a favorable electronic structure, for ORR based on abundant materials that can be manufactured using low cost processes. In that context, metal‐free carbon‐based nanostructures and conducting polymers have been actively investigated. The negatively doped poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) as an efficient and stable oxygen cathode material is reported here. Compared to the benchmark p‐doped conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT), the BBL provides electrocatalysis that fully reduces dioxygen into water, via a (2 + 2)‐electron transfer pathway with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as an intermediate; while PEDOT limits the ORR to H 2 O 2 . It is demonstrated that n‐doped BBL is a promising air electrode material for low‐cost and ecofriendly model fuel cells, without the need of any co‐catalysts, and its performance is found to be superior to p‐doped PEDOT air electrodes.
Equivocations for the simple substitution cipher with erasure-prone ciphertext (2012)

In this paper, we analyze an attack scenario for the simple substitution cipher using the wiretap channel model, where the attacker only has access to error-prone ciphertext at the output of a packet erasure channel (PEC). Each packet is comprised of exactly one symbol of ciphertext, and hence, the attacker's channel could be viewed as a symbol erasure channel. Information-theoretic cryptanalysis provides key and message equivocations for the cipher in general, and then gives the results as functions of the error-free ciphertext equivocations. The findings characterize the increase in equivocation that might be expected if encrypted data were further encoded using wiretap codes that introduce symbol erasures to passive eavesdroppers.
Clinical Performance of the RealTi m e High Risk HPV Assay on Self-Collected Vaginal Samples within the VALHUDES Framework (2022)

The VALHUDES framework (NCT03064087) was established to evaluate the clinical accuracy of HPV testing on self-samples compared with HPV testing on matched clinician-taken cervical samples. Women referred to colposcopy due to previous cervical abnormalities were recruited at five Belgian colposcopy centers. A total of 486 pairs of matched cervical samples and vaginal self-samples were included in the analysis (228 collected with Evalyn Brush and 258 with Qvintip). The dry vaginal brushes were transferred into 20 mL ThinPrep PreservCyt solution. All specimens were tested with the Abbott RealTi<i>m</i>e High Risk HPV assay (Abbott RT). Testing on vaginal and cervical specimens was considered the index and comparator tests, respectively, and colposcopy and histology as the reference standard. The clinical sensitivity for CIN2+ of Abbott RT (cutoff ≤32 cycle number [CN]) on vaginal self-samples (Evalyn Brush and Qvintip combined) was 8% lower than on the cervical clinician-collected samples (ratio = 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98]), while the specificity was similar (ratio = 1.04 [95% CI, 0.97 to 1.12]). Sensitivity (ratio = 0.95 [95% CI, 0.89 to 1.02]) and specificity (ratio = 1.11 [95% CI, 0.995 to 1.23]) on Evalyn Brush samples was similar to cervical, while on Qvintip samples, the sensitivity was 12% lower than cervical samples (ratio = 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.998]) with similar specificity (0.99 [95% CI, 0.90 to 1.10]). Exploratory cutoff optimization (cutoff ≤35 CN) resulted in an improvement of the relative sensitivity (self-sampling versus clinician sampling: ratio = 0.96 [95% CI, 0.91 to 1.02]) but yielded a loss in relative specificity (ratio = 0.92 [0.85 to 1.00]). The clinical accuracy of Abbott RT differed from the self-sampling device. However, after cutoff optimization, the sensitivity on self-samples taken with either of two vaginal brushes became similar to clinician-collected samples. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Self-samples are becoming a crucial part of HPV-based cervical cancer screening programs to reach nonattendee women and increase screening coverage. Therefore, the VALHUDES framework was established to validate and evaluate HPV tests and devices on self-samples. Here, in the present manuscript, we evaluated the accuracy of the RealTi<i>m</i>e High Risk HPV assay (Abbott RT) on two different vaginal devices to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two or higher (CIN2+). The study results demonstrated that the Abbott RT assay is similarly accurate on vaginal self-samples as on matched clinician-taken cervical samples after adjusting cutoff values. Moreover, we observed that some vaginal devices perform better than others in CIN2+ detection. We also underline the necessity of standardization and validation of general workflow and sample handling procedures for vaginal self-samples.
Anion Gap as a Determinant of Ionized Fraction of Divalent Cations in Hemodialysis Patients (2017)

Anions that accumulate in patients on hemodialysis contribute to the lower ionized fraction of magnesium and calcium. Equations that incorporate the anion gap provide better predictions of ionized magnesium and calcium in patients on hemodialysis.
Restoration of Antitumor Immunity Through Selective Inhibition of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells by Anticancer Therapies (2011)

Accumulating evidence suggests that the success of some anticancer therapies not only relies on their direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells but also on their ability to promote anticancer immune responses. However, immunosuppressive cells such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) that are generated during tumor progression blunt antitumor immune responses and thus represent a major obstacle to the clinical implementation of immunotherapy protocols. We have recently identified 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer agent that selectively induced MDSC apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. The elimination of MDSC by 5-FU increased IFNγ secretion by tumor specific CD8(+) T cells infiltrating the tumor and promoted T-cell dependent antitumor responses in vivo, suggesting that some anticancer therapies can reverse tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Here, we review the molecular pathways leading to the induction of MDSC in cancer and discuss how different anticancer agents successfully target these cells in vivo, thereby restoring potent anticancer immunity.
Insight into the Final Step of the Supramolecular Buildup of Eumelanin (2017)

The final step in the supramolecular buildup of eumelanin particles is investigated regarding the involved species and mechanism. Time-resolved in situ light scattering and scanning electron microscopy reveal an aggregation of particles with a narrow size distribution around 40 nm, previously only observed as substructures. These form larger particles with again very uniform size and diameters around 200 nm. Aggregation of each single particle takes only a few minutes to complete, whereas the entire process goes on for at least 3 h, partly due to the kinetics of the precursors. The individual particles also undergo an additional consolidation step toward their final form, which takes up to 24 h. Atomic force microscopy shows that the size before consolidation is around twice the size of the final particles, due to free space between the substructures. Light scattering also reveals that the aggregation is random with respect to where the particles attach, as the shape of aggregates changes from sphere to coil, before it returns to a spherical shape at the end. Application of enzyme mediated autodeposition finally shows the potential to stop the supramolecular buildup at each level, and therefore enables isolation of the respective eumelanin particles at will. This may enable the full potential for melanin materials in nanotechnology deriving from its unique (for biological polymers) properties like paramagnetism, electrical conductivity, and many more.