gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arrested yeast splicing complexes indicate stepwise snRNP recruitment during in vivo spliceosome assembly (2006)

Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a macromolecular machine dedicated to intron removal and exon ligation. Despite an abundance of in vitro information and a small number of in vivo studies, the pathway of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in vivo spliceosome assembly remains uncertain. To address this situation, we combined in vivo depletions of U1, U2, or U5 snRNAs with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of other splicing snRNPs along an intron-containing gene. The data indicate that snRNP recruitment to nascent pre-mRNA predominantly proceeds via the canonical three-step assembly pathway: first U1, then U2, and finally the U4/U6*U5 tri-snRNP. Tandem affinity purification (TAP) using a U2 snRNP-tagged protein allowed the characterization of in vivo assembled higher-order splicing complexes. Consistent with an independent snRNP assembly pathway, we observed high levels of U1-U2 prespliceosomes under U5-depletion conditions, and we observed significant levels of a U2/U5/U6/Prp19-complex mature splicing complex under wild-type conditions. These complexes have implications for the steady-state distribution of snRNPs within nuclei and also reinforce the stepwise recruitment of U1, U2, and the tri-snRNP during in vivo spliceosome assembly.
Annotation-Free Gliomas Segmentation Based on a Few Labeled General Brain Tumor Images (2020)

Pixel-level labeling for medical image segmentation is time-consuming and sometimes infeasible. Therefore, using a small amount of labeled data in one domain to help train a reasonable segmentation model for unlabeled data in another domain becomes an important need in medical image segmentation. In this work, we propose a new segmentation framework based on unsupervised domain adaptation and semi-supervised learning, which uses a small amount of labeled general brain tumor images and learns an effective model to segment independent brain gliomas images. Our method contains two major parts. First, we use unsupervised domain adaptation to generate synthetic general brain tumor images from the brain gliomas images. Then, we apply semi-supervised learning method to train a segmentation model with a small number of labeled general brain tumor images and the unlabeled synthetic images. The experimental results show that our proposed method can use approximate 10% of labeled data to achieve a comparable accuracy of the model trained with all labeled data.
Rheological Properties of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1982)

Flow properties of some typical thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystals have been studied. Measurements on cholesteryl acetate, cholesteryl myristate, cholesteryl oleyl carbonate, and some melt-mixed samples of cholesteryl chloride and cholesteryl oleyl carbonate have been carried out by means of a cone-and-plate type rheometer at their cholesteric liquid crystal temperatures. Steady flow behavior of these cholesteric liquid crystals is well described in terms of Bingham type equations, except at very high rates of shear. The deviations from the Bingham flow at high rate of shear may be attributed to the occurrence of a fracture, which was clearly seen by the use of quartz cone-plate.
Three‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship of Nucleosides Acting at the A3 Adenosine Receptor: Analysis of Binding and Relative Efficacy. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heat Transfer Modelling in Gas Turbine Stage (2003)

Two 3D CFD solvers for internal flow applications are briefly presented and applied for the investigation of heat transfer problems in gas turbine components. The numerical approaches considered are respectively based on a structured (XFLOS) and on an unstructured (HybFlow) methods. The two solvers are briefly described in terms of discretization scheme and turbulence modelling features for gas-turbine applications. Information are also provided concerning the unsteady approach, the multi-blok extension and the parallel porting of the two codes. These implementations are considered for improving the computational efficiency in the application to complex 3D stage investigations. Particular care is demanded to the turbulent flow modelling which assumes great concern for heat transfer predictions on high loaded transonic turbine blades. According this observation, the two CFD approaches are initially applied to the heat transfer investigation of a 2D transonic turbine inlet NGV. Following this first assessment the thermal investigation of blade rows in considered for a 2D unsteady stage environment while further developments are finally reported for the 3D case.
Soliton fiber laser with a hybrid saturable absorber (1996)

We present an experimental study of a picosecond fiber soliton laser in which mode locking is achieved by the combined action of a multiple-quantum-well saturable absorber and a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. In this configuration the multiple-quantum-well sample acts not only as a saturable absorber but also as a passive phase modulator, while the inclusion of a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror fixes the energy of the generated pulses. The laser stably operates at a repetition rate of 250 MHz with a timing jitter below 10 ps.
A Successful, Diverse Disease-Associated Lineage of Nontypeable Pneumococci That Has Lost the Capsular Biosynthesis Locus (2006)

Streptococcus pneumoniae strains which fail to produce a polysaccharide capsule are commonly isolated from carriage and disease contexts. Here we use a multilocus approach to distinguish genuine nontypeable pneumococci from closely related nontypeable streptococcal isolates in a data set of 121 untypeable pneumococci from nasopharyngeal swabs and middle ear fluid of Finnish children and demonstrate that 70 of these belong to a pneumococcal lineage which has lost its capsular locus. Strains of this relatively old lineage include sequence types 344, 448, and 449. Comparison with the multilocus sequence typing database shows that strains of this lineage have spread intercontinentally and have been isolated from carriage, mucosal, and invasive disease. Furthermore we note a particular association of this nontypeable lineage with outbreaks of conjunctivitis. The diversification and geographic spread of this lineage suggest that loss of capsule is not inconsistent with long-term persistence and raise questions about the capsule's role in pneumococcal transmission.
A Facile Thermal-Treatment Route to Synthesize ZnO Nanosheets and Effect of Calcination Temperature (2014)

A facile thermal-treatment route was successfully used to synthesize ZnO nanosheets. Morphological, structural, and optical properties of obtained nanoparticles at different calcination temperatures were studied using various techniques. The FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and TEM images confirmed the formation of ZnO nanosheets through calcination in the temperature between 500 to 650 °C. The SEM images showed a morphological structure of ZnO nanosheets, which inclined to crumble at higher calcination temperatures. The XRD and FTIR spectra revealed that the samples were amorphous at 30 °C but transformed into a crystalline structure during calcination process. The average particle size and degree of crystallinity increased with increasing calcination temperature. The estimated average particle sizes from TEM images were about 23 and 38 nm for the lowest and highest calcination temperature i.e. 500 and 650 °C, respectively. The optical properties were determined by UV-Vis reflection spectrophotometer and showed a decrease in the band gap with increasing calcination temperature.
Estimating concentration of ultrasound contrast agents with backscatter coefficients: Experimental and theoretical aspects (2012)

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) have been explored as a means to enhance therapeutic techniques. Because the effectiveness of these techniques relies on the UCA concentration at a target site, it would be beneficial to estimate UCA concentration noninvasively. In this study, a noninvasive method for estimating UCA concentration was developed in vitro. Backscatter coefficients (BSCs) estimated from measurements of Definity(®) UCAs were fitted to a theoretical scattering model in the 15-25 MHz range using a Levenberg-Marquardt regression technique. The model was defined by the UCA size distribution and concentration, and therefore concentration estimates were extracted directly from the fit. Calculation of the BSC was accomplished using planar reference measurements from the back wall of a Plexiglas(®) chamber and an average of 500 snapshots of ultrasonic backscatter from UCAs flowing through the chamber. In order to verify the ultrasonically derived UCA concentration estimates, a sample of the UCAs was extracted from the flow path and the concentration was estimated with a hemacytometer. UCA concentrations of 1, 2, and 5 times the dose recommended by the manufacturer were used in experiments. All BSC-based estimates were within one standard deviation of hemacytometer based estimates for peak rarefactional pressures of 100-400 kPa.
ENDOSCOPIC STUDY OF THE INTRANASAL OSTIUM IN EXTERNAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY POSTOPERATIVE. INFLUENCE OF SALINE SOLUTION AND 5-FLUOROURACIL (2007)

These results suggest that the use of 5-fluorouracil in external dacryocystorhinostomy does not significantly influence the final size of the surgical fistula as determined 2 months postsurgery.
Functional Dyspepsia and Chronic Idiopathic Gastric Stasis (1986)

Chronic idiopathic gastric stasis can be responsible for unexplained dyspepsia. Because exogenous opiates inhibit gastric emptying and endogenouslike substances are present in the gastrointestinal tract, we tested the hypothesis that increased endogenous opiate activity may be responsible for chronic idiopathic gastric stasis. Eighteen patients with chronic idiopathic gastric stasis and ten healthy volunteers were studied by gastrointestinal manometry. Scintigraphic technique also was used, during which either intravenous saline or naloxone hydrochloride were infused. Manometry showed gastric hypomotility in ten patients and duodenal hyperdyskinesia in the remaining eight patients. Naloxone did not alter gastric emptying in healthy subjects or corrected gastric stasis in patients with gastric hypomotility, while it normalized gastric emptying in patients with duodenal dyskinesia. It seems that either gastroparesis or duodenal dyskinesia can promote gastric stasis and chronic dyspepsia, and endogenous opiates participate in the pathogenesis of gastric stasis in patients with duodenal dyskinesia.
Head-Disk Interface Issues for Near Contact Recording (2001)

Abstract As the magnetic recording density increases towards hundreds of Gb/in2, both the magnetic spacing and head-disk clearance decrease to &amp;lt; 10 nm. By one estimate, the magnetic spacing for 1 Tb/in2 is about 6 nm and the read width is ∼ 30 nm. There are at least two different approaches to achieving this. The first one is an extension of the traditional flying interface and the second is contact recording. In the former case one needs to be concerned about maintaining adequate clearance both at sea level and at higher elevation whereas in the latter case the wear and corrosion of the heads and disks may pose major challenges. In the flying regime, an accelerated test to assess the relative integrity of the head-disk interface is described here. This is accomplished by monitoring the acoustic emission, capacitance or friction between the head and the disk as the ambient pressure is reduced. The pressure at which an abrupt change in the above signals takes place is called take-off pressure (TOP). This is also known as altitude avalanche measurement. With this method it is possible to compare different disk and head designs at the full velocity of the slider. We present results correlating the TOP with disk roughness and the influence of disk lubricant. An example of how head-disk interference takes place in a disk drive will be given for an experimental 10 nm flying slider. The effects of radial flying height profile, take-off height of the disk, and the disk curvature on mechanical spacing are presented. The results of changes occurring on the air bearing surface and the disks after long term flyability test are discussed.
Struktur‐Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen mit heterosubstituierten Nitrilen. XI. Untersuchung des Solvatationsverhaltens von Arylcyanaten, N‐Methylanilinen und Phenolen auf der Basis von Verteilungs‐koeffizienten (1975)

Abstract Die Lösungsmittel‐Aktivitätskoeffizienten lg W γ von substituierten Arylcyanaten, N‐Methylanilinen und Phenolen wurden für die Lösungsmittel‐Übergänge von Wasser (W) zu Methanol, Formamid, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Chloroform, Benzol, c‐Hexan, Diäthylketon, Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid bestimmt. Die lg W γ ‐Werte erweisen sich als geeignete, substratspezifische Maßzahlen zur Abschätzung der Wechselwirkungsmöglichkeiten zwischen Lösungsmittel und Gelöstem. Die Wechselwirkungsbeiträge wurden mit Hilfe multipler Regressionsansätze ermittelt, die die lg W γ ‐Werte als Funktion reiner Solvensparameter beschreiben.
Diffusion-Weighted and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI of Prostate Cancer: Correlation of Quantitative MR Parameters With Gleason Score and Tumor Angiogenesis (2011)

There is a moderate correlation between ADC values and Gleason score and between k(ep) and microvessel density of prostate cancer. Although the strength of the correlations is insufficient for immediate diagnostic utility, these results warrant further investigation on the potential of multiparametric MRI to facilitate noninvasive assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness and angiogenesis.
A cyberphysical synthesis approach for error recovery in digital microfluidic biochips (2012)

Droplet-based “digital” microfluidics technology has now come of age and software-controlled biochips for healthcare applications are starting to emerge. However, today's digital microfluidic biochips suffer from the drawback that there is no feedback to the control software from the underlying hardware platform. Due to the lack of precision inherent in biochemical experiments, errors are likely during droplet manipulation, but error recovery based on the repetition of experiments leads to wastage of expensive reagents and hard-to-prepare samples. By exploiting recent advances in the integration of optical detectors (sensors) in a digital microfluidics biochip, we present a “physical-aware” system reconfiguration technique that uses sensor data at checkpoints to dynamically reconfigure the biochip. A re-synthesis technique is used to recompute electrode-actuation sequences, thereby deriving new schedules, module placement, and droplet routing pathways, with minimum impact on the time-to-response.
Phase center study of the EBG antenna : application to reflector antennas (2007)

International audience
Evaluation and Symbol Classification of Multi-Valued Signaling Using Two-Dimensional Symbol Mapping with Linear Mixture Model (2023)

This study presents an evaluation methodology using a linear mixture model (LMM) with 2-dimensional (2D) symbol mapping for multi-valued data transmission. A 2D map of the transmitted signal can be visualized on a 2D plane. The LMM enables numerical modeling of symbol distribution characteristics. Simulation results showed that the characteristics of the received end-symbol distribution can be quantified by adjusting and determining the LMM parameters from the measured symbols using a genetic algorithm, even in the absence of an eye aperture in the eye diagram evaluation. Additionally, by extracting features of the distribution of multilevel received symbols with the LMM, as in unsupervised learning, unknown received symbols can be clustered with the LMM. Therefore, symbol determination is possible even when the eye is completely closed owing to severe intersymbol interference (ISI). The results of the 4-level pulse amplitude modulation transmission simulation show that it is possible to completely cluster and determine the received symbols, even when the eye is completely closed.
Screening of encapsulation methods for immunoglobulin G in PLGA microspheres (2012)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
An Easily Synthesized Blue Polymer for High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells (2010)

High performance solar cells fabricated from an easily synthesized donor-acceptor polymer show maximum power point up to 6.0 mW cm−2, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.89 V, short-circuit current density of 10.5 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 0.64, making this polymer a particularly promising candidate for high-efficiency low-cost polymer solar cells.
On a Threshold Group Signature Scheme and a Fair Blind Signature Scheme. (2004)

In the paper, we analyze two signature schemes. The first is a (tj , t, n) threshold group signature scheme proposed by Shi and Feng in [1]. The second is a fair blind signature scheme proposed by Feng in [2]. Our results show that both schemes are forgeable. Besides, we introduce a concept, i.e., suspended factor, to describe the common error in designing signature scheme, which means that some signature data lie at neither base position nor exponent position in verifying equation, instead lie at factor position solely .
Mechanistic Imperatives for Aldose−Ketose Isomerization in Water:  Specific, General Base- and Metal Ion-Catalyzed Isomerization of Glyceraldehyde with Proton and Hydride Transfer (2001)

The deuterium enrichment of dihydroxyacetone obtained from the aldose-ketose isomerization of D,L-glyceraldehyde in D(2)O at 25 degrees C was determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy from the integrated areas of the signals for the alpha-CH(2) and alpha-CHD groups of the product. One mole equivalent of deuterium is incorporated into the product when the isomerization is carried out in 150 mM pyrophosphate buffer at pD 8.4, but only 0.6 mol equiv of deuterium is incorporated into the product of isomerization in the presence of 0.01 M deuterioxide ion, so that 40% of the latter isomerization reaction proceeds by the intramolecular transfer of hydride ion. Several pathways were identified for catalysis of the isomerization of glyceraldehyde to give dihydroxyacetone. The isomerization with hydride transfer is strongly catalyzed by added Zn(2+). Deprotonation of glyceraldehyde is rate-determining for isomerization with proton transfer, and this proton-transfer reaction is catalyzed by Brønsted bases. Proton transfer also occurs by a termolecular pathway with catalysis by the combined action of Brønsted bases and Zn(2+). These results show that there is no large advantage to the spontaneous isomerization of glyceraldehyde in alkaline solution with either proton or hydride transfer, and that effective catalytic pathways exist to stabilize the transition states for both of these reactions in water. The existence of separate enzymes that catalyze the isomerization of sugars with hydride transfer and the isomerization of sugar phosphates with proton transfer is proposed to be a consequence of the lack of any large advantage to reaction by either of these pathways for the corresponding nonenzymatic isomerization in water.
Gap Fill Materials Using Cyclodextrin Derivatives in ArF Lithography (2007)

High planarizing gap fill materials based on β-cyclodextrin in ArF photoresist under-layer materials have been developed for fast etching in CF4 gas. Gap fill materials used in the via-first dual damascene process need to have high etch rates to prevent crowning or fencing on top of the trench after etching and a small thickness bias between the dense and blanket areas to minimize issues observed during trench lithography by narrowing the process latitude. Cyclodextrin is a circular oligomer with a nanoscale porous structure that has a high number of oxygen atoms, as calculated using the Ohnishi parameter, providing high etch rates. Additionally, since gap fill materials using cyclodextrin derivatives have low viscosities and molecular weights, they are expected to exhibit excellent flow properties and minimal thermal shrinkage during baking. In this paper, we describe the composition and basic film properties of gap fill materials; planarization in the via-first dual damascene process and etch rates in CF4 gas compared with dextrin with α-glycoside bonds in polysaccharide, poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) and poly(4-hydroxystyrene). The β-cyclodextrin used in this study was obtained by esterifying the hydroxyl groups of dextrin resulting in improved wettability on via substrates and solubility in photoresist solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and ethyl lactate. Gap fill materials using cyclodextrin derivatives showed good planarization and via filling performance without observing voids in via holes. In addition to superior via filling performance, the etch rate of gap fill materials using β-cyclodextrin derivatives was 2.8–2.9 times higher than that of an ArF photoresist, evaluated under CF4 gas conditions by reactive ion etching. These results were attributed to the combination of both nanoscale porous structures and a high density of oxygen atoms in our gap fill materials using cyclodextrin derivatives. The cyclodextrin derivatives may be applicable as a new type of sacrificial material under the photoresist in ArF lithography.
Pairwise Decomposition of Image Sequences for Active Multi-view Recognition (2016)

A multi-view image sequence provides a much richer capacity for object recognition than from a single image. However, most existing solutions to multi-view recognition typically adopt hand-crafted, model-based geometric methods, which do not readily embrace recent trends in deep learning. We propose to bring Convolutional Neural Networks to generic multi-view recognition, by decomposing an image sequence into a set of image pairs, classifying each pair independently, and then learning an object classifier by weighting the contribution of each pair. This allows for recognition over arbitrary camera trajectories, without requiring explicit training over the potentially infinite number of camera paths and lengths. Building these pairwise relationships then naturally extends to the next-best-view problem in an active recognition framework. To achieve this, we train a second Convolutional Neural Network to map directly from an observed image to next viewpoint. Finally, we incorporate this into a trajectory optimisation task, whereby the best recognition confidence is sought for a given trajectory length. We present state-of-the-art results in both guided and unguided multi-view recognition on the ModelNet dataset, and show how our method can be used with depth images, greyscale images, or both.
Specific Impulse Definition for Ablative Laser Propulsion (2005)

The term “specific impulse” is so ingrained in the field of rocket propulsion that it is unlikely that any fundamental argument would be taken seriously for its removal. It is not an ideal measure but it does give an indication of the amount of mass flow (mass loss/time), as in fuel rate, required to produce a measured thrust over some time period. This investigation explores the implications of being able to accurately measure the ablation rate and how the language used to describe the specific impulse results may have to change slightly, and recasts the specific impulse as something that is not a time average. It is not currently possible to measure the ablation rate accurately in real time so it is generally just assumed that a constant amount of material will be removed for each laser pulse delivered. The specific impulse dependence on the ablation rate is determined here as a correction to the classical textbook definition.