gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic liquid-assisted exfoliation and dispersion: stripping graphene and its two-dimensional layered inorganic counterparts of their inhibitions (2015)

Research on graphene-monolayers of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice-is proceeding at a relentless pace as scientists of both experimental and theoretical bents seek to explore and exploit its superlative attributes, including giant intrinsic charge mobility, record-setting thermal conductivity, and high fracture strength and Young's modulus. Of course, fully exploiting the remarkable properties of graphene requires reliable, large-scale production methods which are non-oxidative and introduce minimal defects, criteria not fully satisfied by current approaches. A major advance in this direction is ionic liquid-assisted exfoliation and dispersion of graphite, leading to the isolation of few- and single-layered graphene sheets with yields two orders of magnitude higher than the earlier liquid-assisted exfoliation approaches using surface energy-matched solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). In this Minireview, we discuss the emerging use of ionic liquids for the practical exfoliation, dispersion, and modification of graphene nanosheets. These developments lay the foundation for strategies seeking to overcome the many challenges faced by current liquid-phase exfoliation approaches. Early computational and experimental results clearly indicate that these same approaches can readily be extended to inorganic graphene analogues (e.g., BN, MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te), WS2, TaSe2, NbSe2, NiTe2, and Bi2Te3) as well.
<title>New metric to detect wipes and other gradual transitions in video</title> (1998)

This paper proposes a metric sensitive to evolutionary changes in video, responding strongly to systematic changes, and weakly to 'random' object motion. The metric was developed to assist in the detection of gradual transitions between two video shots, which is the focus of the paper. The metric presupposes quantities that vary monotonically with the relative fraction of two video shots, such as the bins of a color histogram for an 'ideal' wipe, or the pixel values for an 'ideal' dissolve. Common dissimilarity measures based on these quantities, such as their L2-norm, have a very useful property: D<SUB>net</SUB>, the net dissimilarity between two frames in the transition region, is much larger than D<SUB>cum</SUB>, the cumulative dissimilarity between all adjacent frames between those two frames. The proposed metric is the Video-Evolution Ratio (VER): D<SUB>net</SUB>/D<SUB>cum</SUB>. The VER is derived for some ideal cases. In this paper, the VER is based on histograms. As such, it is particularly sensitive to wipes, but it is also sensitive to most dissolves, fades, and cuts. It can detect gradual transitions between very similar shots.
Boolean decomposition of programmable logic arrays (2003)

The authors present algorithms for Boolean decomposition, which decompose a two-level logic function into a cascade of smaller two-level logic functions, such that the overall area of the resulting logic network is minimized. The algorithms are based on multiple-valued minimization. Given a PLA (programmable logic array), a subset of inputs to the PLA is selected. This selection step incorporates a novel algorithm which selects a set of inputs such that the cardinality of the multiple-valued cover, produced by representing all combinations of these inputs as different values of a single multiple-valued variable, is much smaller than the original binary cover cardinality. A relatively small size for the multiple-valued cover implies that the number of good Boolean factors contained in this subset of inputs are re-encoded to satisfy the constraints given in the multiple-valued cover, thus producing a binary cover for the original PLA whose cardinality equals the multiple-valued cover cardinality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrical characterization of Cu composition effects in CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells with a ZnTe:Cu back contact (2013)

We study the effects of Cu composition on the CdTe/ZnTe:Cu back contact and the bulk CdTe. For the back contact, its potential barrier decreases with Cu concentration while its saturation current density increases. For the bulk CdTe, the hole density increases with Cu concentration. We identify a Cu-related deep level at ∼0.55 eV whose concentration is significant when the Cu concentration is high. The device performance, which initially improves with Cu concentration then decreases, reflects the interplay between the positive influences (reducing the back contact potential barrier while increasing the saturation current density of the back contact and hole density in CdTe bulk) and negative influences (increasing deep levels in CdTe) of Cu.
Idiosyncratic Liver Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: Molecular Mechanisms and Pathology (1995)

This review explores the clinical hepatic pathology associated with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury, and future challenges. NSAIDs comprise a group of widely used compounds that have been associated with rare adverse reactions in the liver, including fulminant hepatitis and cholestasis. These reactions are idiosyncratic, mostly independent of the dose administered, and host-dependent. The mechanisms responsible for the initiation and perpetuation of NSAID-induced hepatotoxicity remain poorly understood and have been largely inferred from clinical manifestation. A mounting body of evidence, however, indicates that many acidic NSAIDs are metabolized to reactive acyl glucuronides that can form covalent adducts with plasma proteins and hepatocellular proteins. In hepatocytes cocultured with lymphocytes, these NSAID-altered proteins can become antigenic. Thus, long-lived, drug-altered proteins may act as immunogens and produce cytotoxic T-cell-mediated or antibody-dependent, cell-mediated toxicity in susceptible patients. Alternatively, individual abnormalities in metabolism or disposition of some NSAIDs may lead to the formation or accumulation of toxic metabolites. Additional work with transgenic animal models is needed to permit better understanding of the general and specific risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of the idiosyncratic liver injuries related to NSAIDs and other drugs.
The use of spinosad in integrated pest management systems. The tactical control of blowfly strike and salvage treatment of lousy sheep with long wool. (2001)

Summary The application of 25 ppm spinosad to sheep with any length wool, does not lead to harmful residues in wool or meat or OH&S concerns for shearers. Spinosad kills lice quickly and thus rapidly halts the wool disruption caused by lice in sheep with any length wool. A farmer can confidently choose not to treat sheep considered to be lice-free after shearing knowing that if fleece derangement due to lice should occur sheep can be treated with spinosad anytime before shearing and have no problems with wool residues. Spinosad applied by hand jetting cures fly strikes, prevents further infestation of treated wounds or new strikes for 4 to 6 weeks. It is best used tactically in the face of a flywave. In situations where fly waves do not occur predictably every year tactical use of spinosad only when required obviates the need for preventative treatments. It is also very effective as a flystrike dressing at 25 ppm and as a mulesing dressing at 125 ppm.
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of cancer: a new approach that kills cancer cells and enhances anti-cancer host immunity (2020)

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed hybrid cancer therapy that directly kills cancer cells as well as producing a therapeutic host immune response. Conventional immunotherapies, such as immune-activating cytokine therapy, checkpoint inhibition, engineered T cells and suppressor cell depletion, do not directly destroy cancer cells, but rely exclusively on activating the immune system. NIR-PIT selectively destroys cancer cells, leading to immunogenic cell death that initiates local immune reactions to released cancer antigens from dying cancer cells. These are characterized by rapid maturation of dendritic cells and priming of multi-clonal cancer-specific cytotoxic T cells that kill cells that escaped the initial direct effects of NIR-PIT. The NIR-PIT can be applied to a wide variety of cancers either as monotherapy or in combination with conventional immune therapies to further activate anti-cancer immunity. A global Phase 3 clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03769506) of NIR-PIT targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer is underway, employing RM1929/ASP1929, a conjugate of anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) plus the photo-absorber IRDye700DX (IR700). NIR-PIT has been given fast-track recognition by regulators in the USA and Japan. A variety of imaging methods, including direct IR700 fluorescence imaging, can be used to monitor NIR-PIT. As experience with NIR-PIT grows, additional antibodies will be employed to target additional antigens on other cancers or to target immune-suppressor cells to enhance host immunity. NIR-PIT will be particularly important in patients with localized and locally advanced cancers and may help such patients avoid side-effects associated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
From Uruk to Ur: Automated Matching of Virtual Tablet Fragments (2021)

Unlike jigsaw puzzles of thousands of pieces, which computers can now solve, fragmented tablets constitute much more complex freeform three-dimensional “puzzles” whose pieces can belong to an unknown number of complete or incomplete tablets. Computer-aided reconstruction of archaeological fragments has been an active area of research in recent years, although most published work has been specific to the joining of potsherds. Challenges in automated reassembly, aside from the difficulties of acquiring three dimensional scans, include the extremely difficult search problems, the large numbers of false-positive matches and the incorporation of surface imagery with object geometry. We have produced and refined a means of automatically joining fragments. The process of automated computer joining comprises three main stages: preprocessing, pairwise matching and match ranking. Pairwise matching is an enormously computationally intensive problem that significantly benefits from the parallel computing capacity of modern graphical processing units. The first successful pair of automated fragment joins was achieved in 2014 for a pair of fragments from Uruk. Further automated joins have since been made using fragments from Ur, currently held by the British Museum. The 3D virtual Ur fragments were acquired with high-resolution photographic texture using a novel, portable, low-cost “scannerless” rotary photogrammetric scanning system. The workflow for the method was designed such that minimal user intervention or training is required for both the 3D acquisition and the automated joining. Future ambitions include the achievement of long-distance photogrammetric matches, for example, of London and Pennsylvania virtual tablet fragments.
<title>Design methodology of Dutch banknotes</title> (2000)

Since the introduction of a design methodology for Dutch banknotes, the quality of Dutch paper currency has improved in more than one way. The methodology is question provides for (i) a design policy, which helps fix clear objectives; (ii) design management, to ensure a smooth cooperation between the graphic designer, printer, papermaker an central bank, (iii) a program of requirements, a banknote development guideline for all parties involved. This systematic approach enables an objective selection of design proposals, including security features. Furthermore, the project manager obtains regular feedback from the public by conducting market surveys. Each new design of a Netherlands Guilder banknote issued by the Nederlandsche Bank of the past 50 years has been an improvement on its predecessor in terms of value recognition, security and durability.
El Aprendizaje Activo en Primer Curso de Ingeniería desde la Perspectiva de los Estudiantes (2014)

[ES] En este trabajo se analiza la valoración que realizan estudiantes de primer curso de diferentes títulos de Grado, que se imparten en la Universitat Politècnica de València, sobre el uso de diferentes técnicas de aprendizaje activo y cooperativo, como herramientas para su formación en competencias. Se ha realizado un cuestionario para conocer su opinión respecto al grado de satisfacción y la utilidad para el aprendizaje sobre las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje realizadas, así como un cuestionario de incidencias críticas, sobre la actuación docente del profesor y la implicación del estudiante. Del análisis de datos se puede destacar que los alumnos aprecian la labor del profesor en el diseño y aplicación de metodologías basadas en el aprendizaje, que se muestran especialmente satisfechos de participar activamente y que les es de mucha utilidad para aprender. Respecto al aprendizaje cooperativo en equipos existen opiniones diversas, en función del grado de autonomía del estudiante y de la dificultad de las tareas a realizar: valoran positivamente la resolución de problemas y se muestran más reacios cuando han de elaborar trabajos y exponerlos oralmente. Esta experiencia nos ha permitido detectar puntos fuertes y débiles y obtener la retroalimentación necesaria para reorientar y adaptar las estrategias metodológicas utilizadas.
A Framework for MEC-enabled Platooning (2019)

In this paper we argue that Multi-access Edge Computing can be an enabler for platooning services. We design a MEC-based application for platooning, whereby vehicles report their speed and position periodically, and the MEC runs a platoon formation algorithm to form platoons, and a platoon coordination control algorithm, to set the acceleration of each vehicle to maintain formation with the necessary safety distance. We simulate the above framework in a realistic scenario, where communications occur through a LTE-Advanced network, and we show that it is effective and inexpensive from a communication point of view.
Device-Free Passive Identity Identification via WiFi Signals (2017)

Device-free passive identity identification attracts much attention in recent years, and it is a representative application in sensorless sensing. It can be used in many applications such as intrusion detection and smart building. Previous studies show the sensing potential of WiFi signals in a device-free passive manner. It is confirmed that human's gait is unique from each other similar to fingerprint and iris. However, the identification accuracy of existing approaches is not satisfactory in practice. In this paper, we present Wii, a device-free WiFi-based Identity Identification approach utilizing human's gait based on Channel State Information (CSI) of WiFi signals. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and low pass filter are applied to remove the noises in the signals. We then extract several entities' gait features from both time and frequency domain, and select the most effective features according to information gain. Based on these features, Wii realizes stranger recognition through Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and identity identification through a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. It is implemented using commercial WiFi devices and evaluated on a dataset with more than 1500 gait instances collected from eight subjects walking in a room. The results indicate that Wii can effectively recognize strangers and can achieves high identification accuracy with low computational cost. As a result, Wii has the potential to work in typical home security systems.
Evaluation of Alfalfa Autotoxicity on Germination and Early Seedling Growth of 3 Cultivars (2000)

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of new alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments, often requiring up to a year or more. One solution for reducing autotoxicity would be to select germplasms or cultivars with tolerance to the auto toxic chemical(s) and use genetically breeding program. Bioassay of seed germination and early seedling growth was conducted to evaluate autotoxic responses of 3 varieties of alfalfa to the water-soluble extracts(at 4 and 8g/L) from alfalfa 'Cody' leaf by using agar and filter paper medium in a petri-dish assay. Root length at 5 days after seeding was more sensitive to the extract than was hypocotyl length or seed germination, and was a better parameter of autotoxic effects of alfalfa leaf extracts. Use of an agar medium gave better sensitivity of root length than did use of filter paper. Evaluating tolerance with percent of control was more important indicator than was mean of root length, because of significant variation among varieties in root length of control treatment. Bioassay ranked varieties in the following order of tolerance on the basis of relative root length; Cody＞ Pioneer 5373＞ Alfagraze. Seedling growth from old Cody seed was more sensitive to the autotoxic chemical(s) than was that from newly produced seed.
High-Pressure Drilling (1973)

A series of full-scale field drilling tests has shown that high-pressure bits operating at pressures of 10,000 to 15,000 psi can drill many formations two to three times faster than can conventional bits. High-pressure drills can effect significant savings where drilling costs are high, such as in deep land wells, in arctic areas, and offshore. Introduction A survey has been made of more than 25 novel drills, and drilling rates were predicted for each of these drills in oil wells on the basis of available laboratory drilling data. Novel drills that thermally spall rock were found to have limited potential for drilling oil wells because most sedimentary rocks will not spall. Devices such as lasers and electron beams had extrapolated drilling rates of less than 1 ft/hr because of the high energy requirement for fusing rock. Extrapolated laboratory data indicated that high-pressure erosion bits operating at pressures of 10,000 to 20,000 psi should drill medium-strength rocks at rates of 70 to 280 ft/hr compared with 30 to 170 ft/hr for conventional roller bits. As a result of this study, research was begun to further evaluate high-pressure bits for oil-well drilling. Earlier Work A series of laboratory tests was conducted on high-pressure drilling before the full-scale field tests were begun. In all tests, water was used as the drilling fluid. Pulsed-Jet Experiments Pulsed-Jet Experiments After the literature was surveyed, an An-ny surplus cannon (Fig. 1) was modified to fire water pulses at pressures up to 25,000 psi. The diameters of holes pressures up to 25,000 psi. The diameters of holes eroded using 0.2 to 1-in.-diameter nozzles were three to four times larger than the nozzle diameters (Fig. 2). At 25,000 psi, a 1.45-gal water pulse was fired through a 1.0-in.-diameter nozzle in 0.02 second. This water jet drilled a 3.9-in.-diameter X 3/4 -in. deep hole in Indiana limestone, which corresponds to an instantaneous drilling rate of 1 1,000 ft/hr and a hydraulic power output of 70,000 hp. These tests demonstrated that a threshold pressure must be exceeded before fluid jets will drill; Fig. 3 shows that this threshold pressure was about 6,200 psi for Indiana limestone. psi for Indiana limestone. The amount of energy required to remove rock was determined by measuring the amount of energy expended and the amount of rock removed during each water pulse. The data from these tests indicated that a 3,000-hp jet bit would drill an 8-in.-diameter hole in Indiana limestone at rates of 280 to 370 ft/hr. Laboratory High-Pressure Drilling Test After the pulsed-jet tests were completed, a fracturing truck was used to pump water through a 2-in. diameter high-pressure drill (Fig. 4) at pressures up to 13,500 psi. The first bit had two 0.15-in.-diameter nozzles (nozzle area = 0.035 sq in.) and was designed to operate at pressures up to 10,000 psi. As the pressure across this bit was increased to 10,000 psi, the flow rate increased to 133 gal/min and the power output across the bit increased to 780 hydraulic horsepower (hhp). JPT P. 851
Characterization of directly Compressible Maltodextrins Manufactured by three different Processes (1993)

Five types of maltodextrins which were physically processed by the methods of spray drying, fluidized bed agglomeration, and roller compaction were compared in terms of their pre-, during and post-compaction properties. The maltodextrins all had relatively high moisture contents, and small surface areas. Intrinsic compaction testing found that the maltodextrins all formed stronger tablets than Fast-Flo lactose, and had longer disintegration times which were found to be insensitive to pressure. The roller compacted material had the most fragmentary behavior of the five types of maltodextrins examined. Dissolution testing showed that the maltodextrins had longer release rates than Emdex or Fast-Flo lactose, however the maltodextrin formulations were able to pass a modified USP dissolution test.
Potential dual targeting of an Arabidopsis archaebacterial‐like histidyl‐tRNA synthetase to mitochondria and chloroplasts1 (1998)

A cDNA clone encoding a histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) was characterized from Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequence (AtHRS1) is surprisingly more similar to HisRSs from archaebacteria than those from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. AtHRS1 has an N-terminal extension with features characteristic of mitochondrial and chloroplast transit peptides. Transient expression assays in tobacco protoplasts clearly demonstrated efficient targeting of a fusion peptide consisting of the first 71 amino acids of AtHRS1 joined to jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) to both mitochondria and chloroplasts. These observations suggest that the AtHisRS1 cDNA encodes both mitochondrial and chloroplast histidyl-tRNA synthetases.
STREAMIT: Dynamic visualization and interactive exploration of text streams (2011)

Text streams demand an effective, interactive, and on-the-fly method to explore the dynamic and massive data sets, and meanwhile extract valuable information for visual analysis. In this paper, we propose such an interactive visualization system that enables users to explore streaming-in text documents without prior knowledge of the data. The system can constantly incorporate incoming documents from a continuous source into existing visualization context, which is “physically” achieved by minimizing a potential energy defined from similarities between documents. Unlike most existing methods, our system uses dynamic keyword vectors to incorporate newly-introduced keywords from data streams. Furthermore, we propose a special keyword importance that makes it possible for users to adjust the similarity on-the-fly, and hence achieve their preferred visual effects in accordance to varying interests, which also helps to identify hot spots and outliers. We optimize the system performance through a similarity grid and with parallel implementation on graphics hardware (GPU), which achieves instantaneous animated visualization even for a very large data collection. Moreover, our system implements a powerful user interface enabling various user interactions for in-depth data analysis. Experiments and case studies are presented to illustrate our dynamic system for text stream exploration.