gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient and rapid activation of Akt/GSK‐3β andmTORC1 signaling by D3 dopamine receptor stimulation in dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens (2013)

D2/D3 dopamine receptors (D2R/D3R) agonists regulate Akt, but their effects display a complex time-course. In addition, the respective roles of D2R and D3R are not defined and downstream targets remain poorly characterized, especially in vivo. These issues were addressed here for D3R. Systemic administration of quinelorane, a D2R/D3R agonist, transiently increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in rat nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum with maximal effects 10 min after injection. Akt activation was associated with phosphorylation of several effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1): p70S6 kinase, ribosomal protein-S6 (Ser240/244), and eukaryotic initiation factor-4E binding protein-1. The action of quinelorane was antagonized by a D2/D3R antagonist, raclopride, and the selective D3R antagonist S33084, inactive by themselves. Furthermore, no effect of quinerolane was seen in knock-out mice lacking D3R. In drd1a-EGFP transgenic mice, quinelorane activated Akt/GSK-3β in both neurons expressing and lacking D1 receptor. Thus, the stimulation of D3R transiently activates the Akt/GSK-3β pathway in the two populations of medium-size spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum. This effect may contribute to the influence of D3R ligands on reward, cognition, and processes disrupted in schizophrenia, drug abuse, and Parkinson's disease.
Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of 900/100 mg of darunavir/ritonavir once daily in treatment-experienced patients (2010)

Darunavir/ritonavir at 900/100 mg once daily is highly effective, safe and well tolerated in treatment-experienced patients with no darunavir resistance, both in early salvage and switch strategies. Adequate drug plasma levels were achieved in all patients.
Effect of Thermal Stress & Workload on Oxygen Debt in Healthy Subjects. (1996)

The influence of thermal load on oxygen debt has been investigated. The experimental data were collected on six young healthy male subjects who were naturally acclimatized to heat. They were Studied under three environmental conditions which may be classified for convenience sake as comfortable (C),hot humid (HH), and every hot humid (VHH), The subjects were given exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 6 min at 6rpm, and their oxygen consumption was measured during rest, throughout exercise period (6min) and for 30 min post-exercise period. The oxygen debt was determined at three different   submaximal  Workloads of 400,500 and 600 Kgm/min (equivalent 65, 82 and 98 W ) under each environmental condition. The results indicate a significant increase in oxygen debt with increase in thermal stress (p <.001) as well as workload (p <.001). Liner regression equations have been constructed as suggestive alternative method for the prediction of oxygen debt from thermal load or/and workload
C-type lectin Mincle mediates cell death–triggered inflammation in acute kidney injury (2020)

Accumulating evidence indicates that cell death triggers sterile inflammation and that impaired clearance of dead cells causes nonresolving inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) senses renal tubular cell death to induce sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury in mice. Mincle-deficient mice were protected against tissue damage and subsequent atrophy of the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using lipophilic extract from the injured kidney, we identified β-glucosylceramide as an endogenous Mincle ligand. Notably, free cholesterol markedly enhanced the agonistic effect of β-glucosylceramide on Mincle. Moreover, β-glucosylceramide and free cholesterol accumulated in dead renal tubules in proximity to Mincle-expressing macrophages, where Mincle was supposed to inhibit clearance of dead cells and increase proinflammatory cytokine production. This study demonstrates that β-glucosylceramide in combination with free cholesterol acts on Mincle as an endogenous ligand to induce cell death-triggered, sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury.
LbL-assembled multilayer films of dendritic star polymers: surface morphology and DNA hybridization detection (2012)

Positively or negatively charged water soluble core–shell star polymers consisting of a dendritic polyphenylene core and an outer flexible shell have been employed for the assembly of multilayer films. The multilayer films were fabricated via the layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) of the oppositely charged dendritic star polyelectrolytes and characterized by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR). The assembled multilayer films exhibit morphology changes by undergoing considerable structural reorganization upon post-treatment under different pH conditions. Kinetic binding of probe DNA molecules on the outmost negatively charged surface was studied by SPR as well and showed stable DNA immobilization. DNA hybridization was investigated by surface plasmon field enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS), whose hybridization behaviors from one mismatch and complementary target DNA molecules were significantly distinguished. The SPFS based DNA detection on dendritic star polymer multilayers represents a new candidate for the development of DNA biosensors or DNA microarrays.
Investigations of possible prodrug structures for 2-(2-mercaptophenyl)tetrahydropyrimidines: reductive conversion from anti-HIV agents with pyrimidobenzothiazine and isothiazolopyrimidine scaffolds (2015)

3,4-Dihydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine (PD 404182) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine are the heterocyclic antiretroviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. On the basis of similar structure-activity relationships of anti-HIV activities toward the early-stage of viral infection between these unique scaffolds, the transformations under the bioassay conditions were investigated. The distinctive S-N bond in the isothiazolopyrimidine scaffold was immediately cleaved under reductive conditions in the presence of GSH to generate a thiophenol derivative. A similar rapid conversion of PD 404182 into the same thiophenol derivative was observed, suggesting that pyrimidobenzothiazine and isothiazolopyrimidine scaffolds may work as prodrug forms of the common bioactive thiophenol derivatives.
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of phthalocyanines (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of phthalocyaninesRoyal B. Freas and Joseph E. CampanaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 26, 4654–4658Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00194a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00194a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION METHOD OF ADAPTIVE ARRAY CONSIDERING ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS FOR FDD SYSTEMS (2000)

This paper proposes an automatic calibration method for the adaptive array that considers the characteristics of the antenna and cable for FDD systems. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration method is evaluated by measurements using an adaptive array testbed. In this paper, first the required calibration for FDD systems is clarified. Then the proposed calibration method is described. Finally, the measurement results are presented.
Estimating Sulfate Effective Diffusion Coefficients of Stabilized Fluorogypsum for Aquatic Applications (2018)

The sulfate release from solidified/stabilized fluorogypsum was measured to develop the effective diffusion coefficients (De) as a parameter to assess the dissolution potential in aquatic applications. Specimens from 11 compositions consisting of 60–90% pH-adjusted fluorogypsum (pFG), 2–10% Type I/II portland cement (PC), and 0–38% Class C fly ash (FA) were exposed to solutions of 30 g L−1 (saltwater), 15 g L−1 (brackish water), and 0.5 g L−1 (freshwater) total dissolved solids (TDS). The effects of composition and salinity, measured as the TDS, on the sulfate De were determined to select the compositions for use in various aquatic environments. The results indicated that the solidified/stabilized pFG had a lower dissolution potential in saltwater and freshwater in comparison with brackish water. On the basis of the low De and low critical times (the time when the diffusion out of the specimen equals the precipitation onto the specimen), a composition of 80% pFG, 10% PC, and 10% FA is recommended as an alternative to limestone in saltwater and freshwater applications.
Acromegalic Heart Disease: Influence of Treatment of the Acromegaly on the Heart (1987)

In a series of 256 patients with acromegaly, 10 had evidence of heart disease for which no explanation apart from the acromegaly could be found. Heart disease presented with effort dyspnoea, cardiac failure, palpitation, ECG changes or cardiomegaly. Initial chest radiographs showed cardiac enlargement in seven patients. Electrocardiograms were abnormal in nine patients with repolarisation disorders or intraventricular conduction defects. Rhythm disturbances were found in six. Echocardiograms were performed on six patients; all were abnormal showing left ventricular hypertrophy or impaired function. In five patients radionuclide ventriculography was also performed. Cardiac catheterisation was undertaken on seven patients; all showed either hypertrophy or dilatation of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were widely dilated in two patients and in another there was dilation of the proximal segment only. In six of the 10 patients, acromegaly was cured by transsphenoidal surgery. This resulted in limited improvement of cardiac function in two patients only. Of the four patients who were not cured, three died and one was lost to the study. Four patients in total died and autopsies were obtained in two: one showed changes suggesting myocarditis and the other diffuse fibrosis. It is concluded that acromegaly may infrequently lead to heart disease, and that if recognised at an early stage progression may, in a proportion of patients, be arrested by successful treatment.
Novel Polymer-Ceramics for Bone Repair and Regeneration (2011)

Bone is composed primarily of an inorganic mineral phase of calcium phosphate and an organic phase of collagen. Reconstruction of large bone defects resulting from trauma, pathological degeneration, or congenital deformity is a significant medical challenge. Due to the limited availability and potential immunogenicity associated with autografts and allografts, tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative strategy to repair, restore, and regenerate lost or damaged tissues using biomaterials, cells, and factors alone or in combination. Polymers, ceramics, and their composites have been widely investigated as biomaterials for the development of synthetic bone graft substitutes. Specifically composites of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics are attractive candidates that closely match the desirable properties of an autograft tissue (e.g. osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity). Composites can be fabricated into a variety of threedimensional (3D) porous structures or matrices to encourage bone regeneration. They can be further enhanced by incorporation of various factors or cells to promote bone healing. Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed for the fabrication of nanocomposites in the form of particles or nanofibers that mimic the hierarchical arrangement of native bone. Present review focuses on bone repair/regeneration strategies using polymer-ceramic composites and highlights some of the recent important patents in the areas of tissue engineering and orthopedic devices. A basic overview of the physicochemical, structural and biological elements of bone is described to provide design considerations for clinically viable bone graft substitutes. Challenges in the development of tissue-inducing materials capable of eliciting precise control over cellular functions are also discussed.
Research progress on noninvasive diagnostic methods of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction (2015)

Objective
To review the research progress on diagnostic methods of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).


Methods
To retrieve the related literatures about the progress in diagnostic methods of due to BPH in the PubMed, EMBASE and Wangfang databases by the key words of BPH, BOO and noninvasive diagnostic method from January 2008 to January 2014, and summarize the recent progress at home and abroad.


Results
The pressure-flow study is the gold standard to diagnose BOO, but it's invasive, expensive and complicated. In recent years, diagnostic methods of due to BPH appear in clinical context, namely the non-urodynamic measurements and urodynamic measurements. The non-urodynamic measurements include international prostate symptom score, residual urine volume, prostate specific antigen, ultrasonic measurements and the urodynamic measurements include maximal urinary flow rate, penile cuff test, near infrared spectroscopy, doppler resistance index. New diagnostic methods have the advantages of being noninvasive, simple and good repeatability.


Conclusions
Compared with the traditional pressure-flow study, new diagnostic methods of due to BPH have noninvasive, simple and well repeatable characteristics, but there are still no sufficient evidences to prove that they can take the place of the pressure-flow study as the gold standard to diagnose due to BPH. The application value of diagnostic methods of due to BPH in clinical needs more clinical trials.


Key words: 
Prostatic hyperplasia; Bladder outlet obstruction; Noninvasive diagnostic methods
Screening of nine vasoactive medicinal plants for their possible calcium antagonistic activity. Strategy of selection and isolation for the active principles of Olea europaea and Peucedanum ostruthium (1994)

Abstract Fourteen different extracts of nine vasoactive medicinal plants used in European and African phytotherapy and traditional medicine were pharmacologically tested for their possible calcium antagonistic mode of action. The criteria for the selection of plants were: use in traditional medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, ‘nonspecific’ spasmolytic activity (mode of action not known), natural compounds with structural similarities to already known ‘calcium‐antagonists’ or calcium‐antagonists that have been found in species of the same tribe. All plant extracts were investigated against contractions of aortic strips induced by K + ‐depolarization. Extracts derived from Ammi visnaga, Guajacum officinale, Olea europaea, Peucedanum ostruthium and Ruta graveolens showed a clear activity, while Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Leonurus cardiaca, Passiflora incarnata and Solidago gigantea showed no effect in this test. A comparison between K + ‐ and norepinephrine‐induced contractions evaluated the selectivity of the inhibition, which is demonstrated by the isolation and identification strategy for the Ca ++ ‐antagonistic principles of Olea europaea leaves and Peucedanum ostruthium rhizomes.
Randomized Ablation Strategies for the Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (2011)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00379301.
Seeing Genetic and Epigenetic Information Without DNA Denaturation Using Sequence-Enabled Reassembly (SEER) (2010)

Virtually all methods for reading the sequence of bases in DNA rely on the ability to denature double-stranded DNA into single strands and then use Watson-Crick base-pairing rules to hybridize the strands with high specificity to another DNA primer or probe. However, nature frequently uses an alternative method, reading the sequence information directly from double-stranded DNA using sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Here we describe methods for the construction and testing of sequence probes based on engineered zinc finger DNA-binding proteins. Background is reduced using split-reporter molecules, and signal is amplified using enzymatic reporters. The resulting sequence-enabled reassembly (SEER) probes can be configured to detect DNA sequence (genetic) or DNA methylation (epigenetic) information.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐DIOXA‐, 2,4,9‐TRIOXA‐, 2,4‐DIOXA‐9‐AZA‐, 2‐OXA‐4,9‐DIAZA‐, AND 2,4,9‐TRIAZAADAMANTANES (1983)

Abstract Die aus dem Trichlorid ( I) und den Li‐Verbindungen (II) erhältlichen Triketone (III) können unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen in die gewünschten Titelverbindungen (IV), (V) und (VI) übergeführt werden.
67 Spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy and adverse LV remodelling in a novel human relevant mouse model of diabetes; a mechanistic insight (2011)

Heart failure (HF) is one of the commonest cardiovascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with the prevalence of DM reported at around 30% in many pivotal heart failure studies. DM is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with HF, however molecular mechanisms that contribute to HF development in the diabetic population are poorly understood. Using a novel human relevant mouse model of DM (GENA348), identified through the MRC mouse mutagenesis programme with a point mutation in the pancreatic glucokinase (GLK) gene we investigate the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the HF phenotype in DM. GLK is the glucose sensor which regulates insulin secretion and GLK activity is reduced by 90% by the GENA348 point mutation resulting in severe hyperglycaemia. Similar mutations underlie Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2 (MODY 2) in humans. Mean random blood glucose was found to be increased in the GENA348 mutant (HO) mice compared to wild type (WT) littermates (WT 6.9±0.3 mmol/l vs HO 20.6±0.8 mmol/l, p&lt;0.001). Serial echocardiography was performed, at 3, 6 and 12 months. No significant changes in echocardiographic parameters were observed at 3 months, although by 6 months development of significant cardiac hypertrophy in HO mice was observed. At 12 months of age left ventricular dilatation was evident, characterised by an 8% increase in diastolic diameter (WT 4.08±0.10 vs HO 4.41±0.12, p&lt;0.05). Systolic function was preserved although significant diastolic dysfunction was evident at 6 and 12 months with a 31% reduction in the E:A ratio. Histological staining illustrated significant cellular hypertrophy with real time PCR data demonstrating a relative 150% increase in the hypertrophic marker BNP. Hypertrophic pathways were examined through western blot analysis revealing an age dependant increase in Akt phosphorylation (3 months- no increase, 6 months-140%, 12 months-460%). Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) were also elevated by 86% (WT 21±3.5 ng/ml vs HO 39±8.3 ng/ml, p&lt;0.05) as was the protein expression level of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). In vitro cellular experiments also revealed AGEs directly activate Akt through phosphorylation and increase levels of the receptor RAGE. AGE induced phosphorylation of Akt is inhibited in the presence of wortmannin, suggesting a PI3K dependent signalling mechanism. This was further confirmed in vivo where a bolus injection of wortmannin in 6-month old mutant mice returned Akt phosphorylation levels to those seen in WT mice. In conclusion, using the first human relevant mouse model of diabetes, GENA348 we demonstrate the development of a progressive cardiac phenotype including cardiac hypertrophy, LV dilatation and diastolic dysfunction similar to the clinical manifestations of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We propose that the RAGE/PI3K/Akt pathway contributes to the molecular mechanisms associated with the cardiac phenotype.
<title>Scientific capabilities of SIFTER for discovering and monitoring gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei</title> (1998)

An exciting possibility for the GLAST main instrument is a scintillating fiber system where the properties of both a tracker and a calorimeter are combined in one type of detector module. This instrument provides all the detector capabilities required to achieve the science goals of the GLAST mission, at a substantially reduced cost compared to the baseline technology, and with the benefit of increased effective area and superior low energy angular resolution.
2-Bromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide (2001)

[15430-62-3] C5H7BrN2O (MW 191.03) InChI = 1S/C5H7BrN2O/c1-8(2)5(9)4(6)3-7/h4H,1-2H3 InChIKey = HLAJXHYCSPHGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (monobrominating agent selective for α-carbon of enolizable ketones2) Physical Data: mp 53–54 °C; bp 134–135 °C/0.3 mmHg. Solubility: sol ethanol, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and THF; insol petroleum ether and hexane; slightly sol hot ether, isopropyl alcohol, and H2O. It is stable at rt in neutral or acidic solution, but unstable in basic media. Form Supplied in: colorless solid. Preparative Method: via bromination of 2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide with Br2 in AcOH/Ac2O at 8–10 °C.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent is fairly stable at rt. For long storage, keep at 0–10 °C, shielded from light. This reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
O-O, what's happening to DB2? (1999)

In this presentation, we will describe a collection of new object-relational features that have been added to IBM's DB2 Universal Database (UDB) system. The features to be described include support for structured types, object references, and hierarchies of typed tables and views. These features will be covered from the perspective of a database designer or end user. In addition to presenting the features presently available in DB2 UDB V5.2, which became available in Fall 1998, we will discuss the expected evolution and impact of this technology over time.
Selective and delayed adaptations of human saccades (2000)

Saccades are jump-like eye movements to a target, controlled in a feedforward manner so that they do not deviate in response to intrasaccadic target shifts. Instead, systematically induced intrasaccadic target step back gradually reduces the first saccade amplitude due to adaptation in order to catch the first target on the fovea by a single saccade. Inspired by the context-specific adaptation of the vestibule-ocular reflex, we investigated selective adaptation of three types of human saccades by using Deubel's modified version of the double step paradigm (1986, 1987). Saccades to a jumping target (visually-guided externally-triggered saccade, VE-saccade), a stationary visible target (visually-guided internally-initiated saccade, VI-saccade) and a remembered target (memory-guided saccade, M-saccade), which have different peak velocities and accuracies, showed unique adaptive capabilities, as shown by other authors with respect to the VE-saccade and VI-saccade in our paradigm. Even when the target step back was consistently delayed by up to 400 msec from the end of each first saccade, such adaptation still occurred. These results suggest that the adaptation of saccades should take place during or shortly after the first saccades and should be closely related in time with the perception of the first saccade errors.