gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diazonium salts for surface-confined visible light radical photopolymerization (2016)

The surface chemistry of aryl diazonium salts has progressed at a remarkable pace in the last two decades, and opened many avenues in materials science. These compounds are excellent coupling agents for polymers to surfaces via several surface-confined polymerization methods. For the first time, we demonstrate that diazonium salts are efficient for surface initiating radical photopolymerization in the visible light of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) taken as model monomers. To do so, 4-(dimethylamino)benzenediazonium salt was electroreduced on gold plates or flexible ITO sheets to provide 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl (DMA) hydrogen donor layers; while excited state camphorquinone acted as the free hydrogen abstractor. In the same way, we co-polymerized HEMA and MMA with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in order to obtain crosslinked polymer grafts. We demonstrate by XPS that gold was efficiently screened by the polymer layers and that the wettability of the surfaces accounts for the hydrophilic or hydrophobic characters of the tethered polymers. Homo- and crosslinked PMMA grafts were found to resist removal by the paint stripper methyl ethyl ketone. The grafted DMA/camphorquinone system operating in the visible light holds great promises in terms of adhesion of in situ designed continuous or patterned polymer coatings on various substrates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3506–3515
Comment on “Self-Diffusion in Silicon: Similarity between the Properties of Native Point Defects” (2000)

A Comment on the Letter by Ant Ural, P. B. Griffin, and J. D. Plummer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3454 (1999). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 2 December 1999DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4835©2000 American Physical Society
Integrated analysis of tumor samples sheds light on tumor heterogeneity. (2012)

The heterogeneity of tumor samples is a major challenge in the analysis of high-throughput profiling of tumor biopsies and cell lines. The measured aggregate signals of multigenerational progenies often represent an average of several tumor subclones with varying genomic aberrations and different gene expression levels. The goal of the present study was to integrate copy number analyses from SNP-arrays and karyotyping, gene expression profiling, and pathway analyses to detect heterogeneity, identify driver mutations, and explore possible mechanisms of tumor evolution. We showed the heterogeneity of the studied samples, characterized the global copy number alteration profiles, and identified genes whose copy number status and expression levels were aberrant. In particular, we identified a recurrent association between two BRAF(V600E) and BRAF(V600K) mutations and changes in DKK1 gene expression levels, which might indicate an association between the BRAF and WNT pathways. These findings show that the integrated approaches used in the present study can robustly address the challenging issue of tumor heterogeneity in high-throughput profiling.
Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive, slightly halophilic, extremely halotolerant, facultative anaerobe isolated from a decomposing marine alga. (2002)

A slightly halophilic, extremely halotolerant, alkaliphilic, and facultatively anaerobic rod bacterium was isolated from a decomposing marine alga collected in Okinawa, Japan. The isolate, designated O15-7(T), was Gram-positive, endospore-forming, catalase-positive, menaquinone-7-possessing bacterium that is motile by peritrichous flagella. The isolate was an inhabitant of marine environments; the optimum NaCl concentration for growth was 0.75-3.0% (w/v) with a range of 0-22.0%, and the optimum pH was 7.0-8.5 with a range of 5.5-9.5. Catalase was produced in aerobic cultivation but not in anaerobic cultivation. Carbohydrate, sugar alcohol or a related carbon compound was required for growth. In aerobic cultivation, the isolate produced pyruvate, acetate and CO(2) from glucose, and in anaerobic cultivation, it produced lactate, formate, acetate and ethanol with a molar ratio of approximately 2 : 1 : 1 for the last three products. No gas was produced anaerobically. Lactate yield per consumed glucose was markedly affected by the pH of the fermentation medium: 51% at pH 6.5 and 8% at pH 9.0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Phylogenetically, the isolate occupied an independent lineage within the group composed of the halophilic/halotolerant/alkaliphilic and/or alkalitolerant species in Bacillus rRNA group 1 with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.2% to the genus Gracilibacillus. For this isolate, Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain, O15-7(T) (G+C535.6 mol%), has been deposited in the DSMZ, IAM, NBRC, and NRIC (DSM 15140(T)=IAM 15001(T)=NBRC 10001(T)=NRIC 0520(T)).
The Expression of C-myc, P53 and AFP in Liver Tumors and Pericarcinomatous Tissues of Rabbits Induced by Diethylnitrosamine (2004)

Objective To describe the pathology of liver tumors in rabbits induced by diethylnitrosamine and the expression of c myc, p53 genes and AFP in the tumors and pericarcinomatous tissues. Method 25 nodules in 5 rabbit livers and 5 pieces of pericarcinomatous tissues each from one liver were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy, and the expressions of c myc gene, p53 gene and AFP were also observed in these tissues with immunohistochemical staining.Results and Conclusion There were 10 nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia, 11 of well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and 4 of moderate differentiated HCC among the 25 nodules. The tumorigenesis of HCC in rabbits induced by diethylnitrosamine was related to the over expressions of c myc gene, AFP and the mutation of p53 gene. C myc over expression appeared first and p53 mutation the latest during the tumorigenesis of HCC. AFP over expression reached the top positive reaction ratio(93 3%) among the 3 detected parameters.
White organic light-emitting diodes: Status and perspective (2013)

White organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are ultra-thin, large-area light sources made from organic semiconductor materials. Over the last decades, much research has been spent on finding the suitable materials to realize highly efficient monochrome and white OLEDs. With their high efficiency, color-tunability, and color-quality, white OLEDs are emerging to become one of the next generation light sources. In this review, we discuss the physics of a variety of device concepts that are introduced to realize white OLEDs based on both polymer and small molecule organic materi als. Owing to the fact that about 80 % of the internally generated photons are trapped within the thin-film layer structure, we put a second focus on reviewing promising concepts for improved light outcoupling.
Microwave therapy (1995)

The thermometry and histological data obtained from studies of transurethral microwave thermotherapy for benign prostatic bladder outflow obstruction demonstrate that the response is thermal-dose-dependent. Over 70% of patients can be relieved of their symptoms by using conventional transurethral microwave thermotherapy. Severe bladder outflow obstruction requires high-temperature treatment with the treatment parameters of thermo-ablation to create a cavity within the prostate. Using either protocol, treatment is delivered during a single 1 h session, on an outpatient basis, without the need for general anaesthesia.
Consistent Enthalpies of the Hydrate Formation and Dissociation Using Residual Thermodynamics (2019)

Kinetics of the hydrate phase transition is implicit functions of the free-energy change of the phase transition and the related dynamics of associated mass and heat transport. The enthalpy change of any phase transition is trivially coupled to the free-energy change of the phase transition. We propose a consistent scheme for calculating the free-energy change, as well as the associated enthalpy change, using residual thermodynamics for every component in all phases, this includes the hydrate phase. The proposed method does not have any limitations to pure components, although we focus on pure CH4 and pure CO2 hydrates in this work. One reason is that there are some experimental data for these components. But the main reason is that the work presented here is a part of a project related to the use of CO2 for simultaneous production of CH4 from natural gas hydrates and safe long-term storage of CO2 in the form of hydrate. A fast mechanism for this exchange entails the formation of a new carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrate from the injected CO2 gas. The exothermic heat of formation released from this phase transition will help to dissociate the in situ methane (CH4) hydrate. A brief review of the available experimental data from the open literature reveals the lack of important information in the reported data. Typical missing information are hydrate composition, pressure and/or temperature, as well as details on how the experiments have been conducted. Indirect methods that utilize measured or calculated hydrate pressure–temperature equilibrium curves are frequently oversimplified and of limited accuracy. Yet another advantage of the proposed method is that it is not limited to heterogeneous hydrate formation from water and a separate hydrate phase. Enthalpy change related to homogeneous hydrate formation from dissolved hydrate formers in water can also be calculated from the proposed approach.
Optical diagnosis of T1 CRCs and treatment consequences in the Dutch CRC screening programme (2020)

With great interest, we have read the article by Backes et al ,1 on the pre-resection accuracy of the real-time optical diagnosis of T1 colorectal cancer (T1CRC) in large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps. In this multicentre, prospective study, the authors developed and validated the OPTICAL model, in which a sensitivity of 78.7% (95% CI: 64.3 to 89.3) for optical diagnosis of T1CRC was obtained.

With the implementation of the Dutch bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) in 2014, a shift has occurred towards the more frequent diagnoses of early AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage I cancers.2 Estimating the risk of a T1CRC is crucial to determine the optimal treatment strategy, and to select cases for more elaborative and expensive endoscopic en bloc resection techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, transanal minimally invasive surgery or endoscopic full-thickness resection. Current studies mainly report on the outcomes of advanced imaging by expert centres with dedicated endoscopists,3 4 whereas …
Abstract 2589: A systematic study on the anti-tumor effect of combinatorial miRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (2019)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Treatment options for HCC patients are limited, especially for those with advanced HCC. Deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression is frequently observed in HCC, and many cellular targets of miRNAs are genetic regulators of tumorigenesis. In addition, miRNAs interact with each other to coordinate targeted gene expressions. The potential of devising combinatorial miRNA-based therapies for HCC, however, remains largely unexplored. Here, we performed high-throughput CombiGEM screens to characterize the anti-tumorigenic effect of combinatorial miRNA expression. We assembled a library of 1,849 pairwise combinations for 43 human miRNAs that are downregulated in HCC patients/cell lines, and identified four miRNA combinations that exert anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further experiments are underway to validate and characterize the anti-tumor effect of these newly identified miRNA combinations in HCC. Citation Format: Feng Xu, Man Tong, Stephanie Ma, Alan SL Wong. A systematic study on the anti-tumor effect of combinatorial miRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2589.
Easing Pedestrian Jam for Preventing Global Warming (2008)

JST Presto Symposium on Mathematical Sciences towards Environmental Problems (Hokkaido University technical report series in mathematics ; 136). pp.81-83.
Land Cover Spurious Change Detection Using a geo-eco Zoning Rule Base1 (2019)

Land cover is a commonly used index for characterizing land surfaces and the corresponding human or natural processes. Remote sensing-based land cover maps of different times can be compared to extract changes in land cover. However, remote sensing images reflect only the instantaneous state of the Earth's surface. Spectral characteristics cannot correctly reflect the actual state due to the differences caused by seasonal changes, and this inability results in the limited classification accuracy of land cover products. Spurious changes will occur when products of different time phases are compared. A method of spurious change detection based on a geo-eco zoning rule base is proposed in this study to solve this problem. The structure and content of the rule base are designed, and a rule base management system is established to identify spurious changes. Land cover products of Southeast Asia are selected as the experimental area to verify the accuracy of the change patches after eliminating spurious changes. Results show that the accuracy of change detection is improved by using the rule base of geo-eco zoning to identify spurious changes.
Confinement factors and gain in optical amplifiers (1997)

A new identity is derived which relates the gain and the field distribution (or confinement factor) in a dielectric waveguide with complex refractive indices. This identity is valid for any guided mode of waveguides with an arbitrary cross section. It provides a new check of the accuracy of mode solvers. Also, it can be used in a variational approach to predict the gain or loss of a guided mode based on knowledge of confinement factors. It is shown that a previous analysis that is often used, is not correct. In addition, approximate expressions for the gain in slab waveguides are presented.
Systems biology of antioxidants (2012)

Understanding the role of oxidative injury will allow for therapy with agents that scavenge ROS (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants in the management of several diseases related to free radical damage. The majority of free radicals are generated by mitochondria as a consequence of the mitochondrial cycle, whereas free radical accumulation is limited by the action of a variety of antioxidant processes that reside in every cell. In the present review, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial generation of ROS and discuss the role of ROS in the regulation of endothelial and adipocyte function. Moreover, we also discuss recent findings on the role of ROS in sepsis, cerebral ataxia and stroke. These results provide avenues for the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in a variety of diseases.
Coaxial needle insertion assistant for epidural puncture (2011)

Detection of internal puncture during manual needle insertion is challenging due to the large friction force between a needle shaft and surrounding tissue, which masks small changes in force at the needle tip. A novel robotic coaxial needle insertion assistant was developed to enhance operator perception during epidural puncture. The coaxial needle separates the cutting force at the needle tip from shear friction on the needle shaft. When the assistant is inactive, the human operator controls the motion of the coaxial needle. When the assistant is active under position control, a motor controls the motion of the outer needle, while the operator controls only the motion of the inner needle. When the assistant is active under force control, the operator controls the motion of the entire needle, but receives force feedback that is a scaled version of the force applied by the needle tip to the tissue. The effectiveness of the assistant in enabling puncture detection was tested in an experiment in which users were asked to puncture artificial tissues with the assistant inactive and active. Results show that the ratio of successful to unsuccessful puncture detection was higher with the assistant than without. In addition, users were more confident that they could perceive the moment of puncture. However, when the users successfully perceived puncture, overshoot with the assistant was larger than without.
Architecture for decoding adaptive Reed-Solomon codes with variable block length (2002)

An adaptive Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder is designed, which can decode RS codes of any block length n as well as any message length k. This unique feature is favorable for a shortened RS code, since it eliminates the need to insert zeros before decoding the code. Furthermore, the value of error-correcting capability t can be changed at every codeword block. The decoder permits 4-step pipelined processing based on the modified Euclid's algorithm (MEA). Each step has a structure suitable for decoding RS codes with varying block length. A new architecture for the MEA is designed for varying values of t. The operating length of the shift registers shortened by one can be adjusted to be varied according to the different values of t. To maintain the throughput rate with less circuitry, the MEA block uses both the multiplexing and recursive technique and the overclocking technique. The adaptive RS decoder over GF(2/sup 8/) having the error-correcting capability of up to 10 has been designed in VHDL, and successfully synthesized in a FPGA chip.
Wired Channel Modeling for Frequency Hopping System in Secure Terahertz Communications (2021)

We present the design of a wired terahertz communication link in a short range (1.5 m) frequency hopping system for secure communication applications. The performance of the system is analyzed based on the frequency dependent terahertz power, responsivity of the detector, dispersion and propagation loss.
Figure S1 from Antitumor Immune Mechanisms of the Anti-Complement Factor H Antibody GT103 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunofluorescence of 33 human lung tumor samples on a microarray probed with GT103.&lt;/p&gt;
Real-time denoising of ultrasound images based on deep learning (2022)

Ultrasound images are widespread in medical diagnosis for muscle-skeletal, cardiac, and obstetrical diseases, due to the efficiency and non-invasiveness of the acquisition methodology. However, ultrasound acquisition introduces noise in the signal, which corrupts the resulting image and affects further processing steps, e.g. segmentation and quantitative analysis. We define a novel deep learning framework for the real-time denoising of ultrasound images. Firstly, we compare state-of-the-art methods for denoising (e.g. spectral, low-rank methods) and select WNNM (Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimisation) as the best denoising in terms of accuracy, preservation of anatomical features, and edge enhancement. Then, we propose a tuned version of WNNM (tuned-WNNM) that improves the quality of the denoised images and extends its applicability to ultrasound images. Through a deep learning framework, the tuned-WNNM qualitatively and quantitatively replicates WNNM results in real-time. Finally, our approach is general in terms of its building blocks and parameters of the deep learning and high-performance computing framework; in fact, we can select different denoising algorithms and deep learning architectures.
Sjoegren's Syndrome with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Complicated by Transverse Myelitis and Malignant Lymphoma. (2000)

A 53-year-old woman with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) complicated by transverse myelitis (TM) and malignant lymphoma (ML) is reported. TM has been described only in seven cases of primary SS, including three with PBC and four without PBC. The features of SS associated with PBC and complicated by TM were less typical compared with those seen in SS without PBC complicated by TM. This case is the first report of a case with SS, PBC, TM and ML. SS in association with PBC is, in general, overlooked, but such cases must be investigated with great caution for extraglandular complications.
Pharmacogenetics of Antidepressant Medication Intolerance (2003)

Pharmacodynamic differences among patients due to variant 5-HT(2A) receptors appear to be more important than pharmacokinetic variation in determining paroxetine intolerance. Pharmacogenetic markers may be useful in predicting antidepressant treatment outcome.
Normal female carrier and affected male half‐sibs with t (X;5) (q13;p15) (1986)

A unique family in which half‐brothers have a maternally derived t(X;5) (q13;p15) and similar genital malformations is described. This family provides evidence for a gene required for male genital development located at Xq13.
Reducing School Violence Through Conflict Resolution Training (1996)

While violence prevention programs can be helpful in solving the prob lems facing society and schools, they are an incomplete intervention to prevent destructive conflicts from occurring. Conflict resolution train ing is needed. Training every student how to negotiate and mediate will ensure that future generations are prepared to manage conflicts constructively.
Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequence Database Searching: A Suitable Case for Parallel Processing (1987)

Sequence analysis of protein and nucleic acid databases by exhaustive string-matching algorithms is effectively implemented on large processor-array machines, such as the I.C.L. DAP. An improved method of assessing the significance of the best alignments for proteins is described. Examples involving the cystic fibrosis antigen and Drosophila vitellogenins illustrate the usefulness of this approach.
Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction with Sentence-Level Attention and Entity Descriptions (2017)

Distant supervision for relation extraction is an efficient method to scale relation extraction to very large corpora which contains thousands of relations. However, the existing approaches have flaws on selecting valid instances and lack of background knowledge about the entities. In this paper, we propose a sentence-level attention model to select the valid instances, which makes full use of the supervision information from knowledge bases. And we extract entity descriptions from Freebase and Wikipedia pages to supplement background knowledge for our task. The background knowledge not only provides more information for predicting relations, but also brings better entity representations for the attention module. We conduct three experiments on a widely used dataset and the experimental results show that our approach outperforms all the baseline systems significantly.
Tunable ultrafast nonlinear optofluidic coupler (2013)

We present an ultrafast nonlinear coupler fabricated by selectively filling of two strands of a PCF with the liquid CCl4 which exhibits a large Kerr nonlinearity. We demonstrate power dependent switching in this optofluidic device.
Decreasing sedimentation loss from surface irrigation into Riparian areas (1995)

Sediment carried in furrow irrigation return flows is a large contributor of sediment to\nriparian areas in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). About 3.3 million acres are surface irrigated\nin Oregon, Washington and Idaho, nearly two million in Idaho alone (Anonymous, 1991).\nFurrow irrigation is an inherently erosive process, but sediment losses in the PNW are worsened\nby the steeper slopes and high erodibility of typical furrow irrigated fields in the region.\nIrrigation-induced erosion is one of the most severe threats to sustainability of agricultural\nproduction in the region.