gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelastic damping in trench-refilled polysilicon resonators (2004)

This paper presents quality factor measurement results for trench-refilled (TR) polysilicon beam resonators which demonstrate an increase in Q as their resonant frequency increases, a trend opposite to what is expected from solid beams of the same dimensions. This phenomenon is believed to be due to a multi-path thermoelastic damping characteristic. The frequency-dependant behavior of Q/sub TED/ in trench-refilled resonators with voids is analyzed, for which the measurement data is agreeable. A multiphysics FEMLAB simulation was also performed to illustrate the thermal gradients in a resonating TR beam. We show that in a particular frequency range, trench-refilled polysilicon beams can have a higher Q than their silicon counterpart and the thickness of the resonator can be tuned to produce a desired quality factor behavior.
Spacecraft Escape Capsule (2006)

A report discusses the Gumdrop capsule a conceptual spacecraft that would enable the crew to escape safely in the event of a major equipment failure at any time from launch through atmospheric re-entry. The scaleable Gumdrop capsule would comprise a command module (CM), a service module (SM), and a crew escape system (CES). The CM would contain a pressurized crew environment that would include avionic, life-support, thermal control, propulsive attitude control, and recovery systems. The SM would provide the primary propulsion and would also supply electrical power, life-support resources, and active thermal control to the CM. The CES would include a solid rocket motor, embedded within the SM, for pushing the CM away from the SM in the event of a critical thermal-protection-system failure or loss of control. The CM and SM would normally remain integrated with each other from launch through recovery, but could be separated using the CES, if necessary, to enable the safe recovery of the crew in the CM. The crew escape motor could be used, alternatively, as a redundant means of de-orbit propulsion for the CM in the event of a major system failure in the SM.
Surfactant administration during spontaneous breathing via a thin endotracheal catheter. (2013)

In the past two decades exogenous surfactant administration has been a cornerstone of therapy for preterm infants and is known to be effective either given prophylactically in the delivery room or later as selective therapy to infants with estabilished respiratory distress syndrome. Its introduction in neonatal practice in the early 90s was followed by a significant decrease in overall neonatal mortality. With the evolution and refinement of intensive care for preterm infants, the role of exogenous surfactant therapy is changing. The more widespread use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n-CPAP) as a primary mode of respiratory support means that many preterm infants now avoid intubation in the delivery room or in early post-natal life. Still, about 50% of them, will require intubation for surfactant delivery for evolving respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) during the course of hospitalization. In view of the difficulties and side effects that may be associated with intubation for surfactant delivery, less invasive ways of surfactant administration have been pursued. The rationale and the available evidences inherent the administration of surfactant via a thin endotracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing will be discussed.
daughterless-abo-like, a Drosophila maternal-effect mutation that exhibits abnormal centrosome separation during the late blastoderm divisions (1990)

daughterless-abo-like (dal) is a maternal-effect semilethal mutation in Drosophila. The nuclear divisions of embryos derived from homozygous dal females are normal through nuclear cycle 10. However, during nuclear cycles 11, 12 and 13, a total of about half of the nuclei in each embryo either fail to divide or fuse with a neighboring nucleus during telophase. These abnormal nuclei eventually sink into the interior of the embryo, leaving their centrosomes behind on the surface. The loss of about one-half of the peripheral nuclei into the interior of the embryo results in these embryos cellularizing during nuclear cycle 14 with about one-half the normal number of cells. Surprisingly, many of these embryos develop a nearly normal larval cuticle and 8% develop to adulthood. Observations of live embryos doubly injected with tubulin and histones that have been fluorescently labeled allows nuclear and centrosomal behavior to be directly followed as the embryo develops. We find that the abnormal nuclei arise from nuclei whose centrosomes have failed to separate normally in the previous interphase. These incompletely separated centrosomes can cause a non-functional spindle to form, leading to a nuclear division failure. Alternatively, they can form an abnormal spindle with a centrosome from a neighboring nucleus, causing two nuclei to share a common spindle pole. Such nuclei with a shared centrosome will undergo telophase fusions, unequal divisions, or division failures later in mitosis. These findings have helped us to understand the function of the centrosome in the Drosophila embryo.
Anticoagulation in Acute Neurological Disease (2021)

While anticoagulation and its reversal have been of clinical relevance for decades, recent academic and technological advances have expanded the repertoire of its application in neurological disease. The advent of direct oral anticoagulants provides effective, mechanistically elegant, and relatively safer therapeutic options than warfarin for eligible patients at risk for neurological sequelae of prothrombotic states, particularly given the recent availability of corresponding reversal agents. In this review, we examine the provenance, indications, safety, and reversal tools for anticoagulant medications in the context of neurological disease, with specific attention to acute ischemic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and intracerebral hemorrhage. We will use specific clinical scenarios to illustrate the complex factors that must be considered in the use of anticoagulation, including intracranial pathology such as intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or malignancy; metabolic complications such as chronic kidney disease; pregnancy; and advanced age.
The Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in the peripheral blood of transplant recipients does not accurately reflect the burden of infected cells (2016)

Transplant recipients frequently exhibit an increased Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in the peripheral blood. Here, we quantitated the EBV-infected cells in the peripheral blood of these patients and defined the mode of viral infection, latent or lytic. These data indicated that there is no strong correlation between the number of infected cells and the EBV load (EBVL). This can be explained by a highly variable number of EBV copies per infected cell and by lytic replication in some cells. The plasma of these patients did not contain any free infectious viruses, but contained nevertheless EBV DNA, sometimes in large amounts, that probably originates from cell debris and contributed to the total EBVL. Some of the investigated samples carried a highly variable number of infected cells in active latency, characterized by an expression of the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNA2) protein. However, a third of the samples expressed neither EBNA2 nor lytic proteins. Patients with an increased EBVL represent a heterogeneous group of patients whose infection cannot be characterized by this method alone. Precise characterization of the origin of an increased EBVL, in particular, in terms of the number of EBV-infected cells, requires additional investigations including the number of EBV-encoded small RNA-positive cells.
The Role of the Catecholaminergic Mechanism in Foot Shock (FS) Stress- and Immobilized-Water Immersion (IW) Stress-Induced Analgesia in Mice (1984)

Involvement of the catecholaminergic mechanism in foot shock (FS)- and immobilized-water immersion (IW)-stress-induced analgesia (SIA) and in the development of tolerance to the effect were investigated in mice. With daily treatment with clonidine or daily exposure to stresses, tolerance developed rapidly to the analgesic effect. Clonidine-induced analgesia, which could not be antagonized by naloxone, was potentiated in the animals rendered tolerant to FS-stress, and it was attenuated in the animals tolerant to IW-SIA. On the other hand, animals tolerant to clonidine failed to show the attenuation of FS- and IW-SIA. The analgesic effect of clonidine and the development of tolerance to the effect were not influenced by reserpine. However, reserpine pretreatment completely suppressed the analgesic effect induced by FS- and IW-stresses on the 1st day; but with daily exposure to the stress, the analgesic effect gradually appeared and returned to the control level on the 5th day. These results indicate not only the differences between clonidine analgesia and SIAs but also those between each SIA. Thus, the central catecholaminergic mechanisms play an important role in these SIAs and also in the development of tolerance to the effect, although the degree of participation of these mechanisms seems to be somewhat different between FS- and IW-SIA, as indicated by the cross-tolerance between clonidine analgesia and each SIA.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN ON THE DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF METHYLCHLOROSILANES (1975)

Abstract Bei der Untersuchung des Einflusses von Sauerstoff auf die direkte Synthese von Methylehlorsilanen in einem Fließbettverfahren in Gegenwart eines Kupferkatalysators wird festgestellt, daß Sauerstoff zwar die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit reduziert, aber praktisch ohne Einfluß auf die Produktzusammensetzung ist.
The Implementation Approach of LCCF Checklist in Development Control: Challenges for policymakers (2019)

Global warming, climate change is now affecting the world. The effort of the leaders to achieving the sustainable development is from New Urban Agenda (NUA), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) and local level is local authorities. SDG’s goal number 13 takes urgent action to combat climate change and its impact also SDG’s number 11 to sustainable cities and communities. The gap of this paper Different cities face different challenges and issues. Local authorities will play a significant role in undertaking policy initiatives to combat carbon emissions of the city. Low Carbon Cities (LCC) is to reduce carbon emissions in all human activities in cities. The objective of this paper is by applying the LCCF Checklist in planning permission for sustainable development. The methodology of this research is a mixed-method, namely quantitative and qualitative approach. The survey methods are by interview, questionnaire, and observation. Town planners are the subject matter expert in managing the planning permission submission for the development control of their areas. Descriptive statistical analysis will be used to show the willingness of the stakeholders, namely the developers and planning consultants in implementing of the LCCF. The contribution of this research will gauge readiness at the local authorities level. The findings of the LCCF checklist are identified as important in planning permission into the development control process. Surprisingly, that challenges and issues exist in multifaceted policy implementation the LCCF Checklist in a local authority. Finally based on Subang Jaya Municipal Councils, the existing approach in the application of the LCCF Checklist in the development control process will be useful for development control in a local authority towards sustainable development.
The Association of Lyme Disease With Loss of Sexual Libido and the Role of Urinary Bladder Detrusor Dysfunction (2014)

This pilot study suggested an association between Lyme disease and loss of libido. Moreover, this loss of libido did not seem to be associated with urinary bladder detrusor dysfunction. Given these results, we recommend further studies to confirm the association.
Promoting α‐secretase cleavage of beta‐amyloid with engineered proteolytic antibody fragments (2009)

Abstract Deposition of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) is considered as an important early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and reduction of Aβ levels by various therapeutic approaches is actively being pursued. A potentially non‐inflammatory approach to facilitate clearance and reduce toxicity is to hydrolyze Aβ at its α‐secretase site. We have previously identified a light chain fragment, mk18, with α‐secretase‐like catalytic activity, producing the 1–16 and 17–40 amino acid fragments of Aβ40 as primary products, although hydrolysis is also observed following other lysine and arginine residues. To improve the specific activity of the recombinant antibody by affinity maturation, we constructed a single chain variable fragment (scFv) library containing a randomized CDR3 heavy chain region. A biotinylated covalently reactive analog mimicking α‐secretase site cleavage was synthesized, immobilized on streptavidin beads, and used to select yeast surface expressed scFvs with increased specificity for Aβ. After two rounds of selection against the analog, yeast cells were individually screened for proteolytic activity towards an internally quenched fluorogenic substrate that contains the α‐secretase site of Aβ. From 750 clones screened, the two clones with the highest increase in proteolytic activity compared to the parent mk18 were selected for further study. Kinetic analyses using purified soluble scFvs showed a 3‐ and 6‐fold increase in catalytic activity ( k cat / K M ) toward the synthetic Aβ substrate compared to the original scFv primarily due to an expected decrease in K M rather than an increase in k cat . This affinity maturation strategy can be used to select for scFvs with increased catalytic specificity for Aβ. These proteolytic scFvs have potential therapeutic applications for AD by decreasing soluble Aβ levels in vivo. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Novel genetic tools to tackle c-di-GMP-dependent signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2015)

The genetic tools developed and validated in this study could facilitate investigations tackling the c-di-GMP signalling process on different fields, from cellular physiology to drug-discovery research.
The antigen processing machinery of class I human leukocyte antigens: linked patterns of gene expression in neoplastic cells. (2003)

The ultimate outcome of an immune response (escape or surveillance) depends on a delicate balance of opposing signals delivered by activating and inhibitory immune receptors expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. In this light, loss and down-regulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I molecules, while important for keeping tumors below the T-cell detection levels, may incite recognition of missing self. Conversely, the maintenance of normal levels of expression (or even up-regulation) may be favorable to tumors, at least in certain cases. In this study, we took advantage of a previously characterized panel of 15 early passage tumor cell lines (mainly from melanoma and lung carcinoma lesions) enriched with class I-low phenotypes. These cells were systematically characterized by Northern and/or Western blotting (e.g., mini-transcriptome/mini-proteome analysis) for the expression of HLA-A, -B, -C, beta(2)-microglobulin, and the members of the "antigen processing machinery" of class I molecules (LMP2, LMP7, TAP1, TAP2, tapasin, calreticulin, calnexin, and ERp57). In addition, we established four pairs of cultures, each comprising melanoma cells and normal melanocytes from the same patient. We found that approximately 97% of the 185 tested gene products are expressed (although often weakly), and in many cases coordinately regulated in 18 of 19 tumor cell lines. Linked expression patterns could be hierarchically arranged by statistical methods and graphically described as a class I HLA "coordinome." Deviations (both down- and up-regulation) from the coordinome expression pattern inherited from the normal, paired melanocyte counterpart, were allowed but limited in magnitude, as if melanoma cells were trying to keep a "low profile" HLA phenotype. We conclude that irreversible HLA loss is a rare event, and class I expression in tumor cells almost invariably results from reversible gene regulatory (rather than gene disruption) events.
Genetic Screens to Identify Plant Stress Genes (2010)

A powerful means to learn about gene functions in a developmental or physiological context in an organism is to isolate the corresponding mutants with altered phenotypes. Diverse mutagenic agents, including chemical and biological, have been widely employed, and each comes with its own advantages and inconveniences. For Arabidopsis thaliana, whose genome sequence is publicly available, the reliance of reverse genetics to understand the relevant roles of genes particularly those coding for proteins in growth and development is now a common practice. Identifying multiple alleles at each locus is important because they can potentially reveal epistatic relationship in a signaling pathway or components belonging to a common signaling complex by their synergistic or even allele-specific enhancement of the phenotypic severity. In this article, we describe mutagenesis by using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and transfer (T)-DNA-mediated insertion or activation tagging as applied to the most widely used genetic plant model A. thaliana. Also, we demonstrate the utility of several genetic screening approaches to dissect adaptive responses to various abiotic stresses.
Controlling spin polarized band-structure by variation of vacancy intensity in nanostructures (2015)

In this study, the magnetic properties of FeAl alloys with different grain sizes produced by high-pressure torsion were probed by means of magnetic Compton scattering. The measurements were performed at 300 and 10 K. Magnetic Compton profiles of nanocrystalline (35 nm) and ultrafine-grained (160 nm) FeAl alloys were analyzed in terms of the integral area, the width, and the distinctive dip intensity at low momenta. The changes in total magnetic moment and the strength of spin-polarization of itinerant electrons are assumed to be caused by vacancies induced during the preparation of the samples. Despite local disordering due to interfacial regions and deviations in perfect stoichiometry for B2 structure, the effect of vacancies is considered as the major magnetic state contributor.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Fuel Processing (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Thermodynamic analysis of equilibrium products and heat requirements is conducted for C&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt; (octane), CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;O (methanol), C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;O (ethanol) and C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; (propane) at specified temperature and pressure. The equilibrium calculation utilizes the NASA equilibrium code by Gordon and MacBride. The temperature range is from 600 to 1700 K, and the pressure is set at 1 bar. The equilibrium calculation shows that the adiabatic temperatures are generally below 1300 K, except for C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;O and C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt; at their respective partial oxidation conditions considered in this paper. Calculation also shows that the presence of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O in the reactant mixture yields high conversion of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at temperature above 1200 K, and above which the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mole fraction is relatively independent of the mixture temperature. Negligible C&lt;sub&gt;(graphite)&lt;/sub&gt; is predicted for conditions with temperature above 1200 K.&lt;/div&gt;
Filament Interaction with Micro-Water Droplets (2014)

The interaction of a laser filament with micro-sized water droplets was studied to further understand the energy dissipation of filaments in aerosol media. The analysis of the shockwave formation allows the quantification of the energy balance during the interaction and discuss the survival of filaments in perturbed propagation media.
Thrombus imaging: a comparison of radiolabeled GC4 and T2G1s fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

Radioimmunoimaging of experimentally-induced canine thrombi has previously been achieved with iodine-131- and indium-111-labeled (131I and 111In) anti-fibrin T2G1s monoclonal antibody (MAb). We now compare T2G1s to another anti-fibrin MAb, designated GC4, for imaging fresh and aged canine thrombi. GC4 is specific for a neoepitope exposed on fibrin later in the thrombolytic process after plasmin digestion. Femoral venous thrombi were induced in six groups of dogs, each containing three dogs. In two groups, the MAbs were compared when the thrombi were 3-hr or 3-days old at the time of injection, and the dogs were killed at 48 hr. In thrombi 3-hr-old, the GC4/T2G1s concentration ratio averaged 0.53 compared to 1.9 in 3-day-old thrombi. Two groups of dogs with thrombi 1- or 3-days-old were heparinized before MAb injection and were killed at 24 hr. The heparinized dogs with thrombi 1- or 3-days-old had GC4/T2G1s mean ratios of 2.3 and 2.9, respectively. In the unheparinized groups, the corresponding ratios were 1.1 and 1.9. GC4 may be more useful for clinical thrombus imaging than T2G1s because spontaneous venous thrombi are usually several days old at the time of presentation and patients are often heparinized immediately.
Progress in heterogeneously integrated silicon-InP laser diodes for on-chip all-optical networks and signal processing (2011)

We describe progress in the design and fabrication of laser diodes based on InP-membranes heterogeneously integrated onto silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides. Applications in optical interconnect and all-optical logic are discussed.
A Thermal Stress Index for Cotton (1990)

Abstract Thermal stress is difficult to separate from water stress; however, linking enzyme kinetics to plant temperature provides a new description of plant stress. Previous reports have shown that cotton was within its thermal kinetic window (the temperature range over which the value of the apparent Michaelis constant (K m ) of enzymes remains within 200% of the minimum observed value) for approximately 30% of the growing season, and that the time the plant temperatures were within the thermal kinetic window (TKW) was related to biomass production. The present study investigated the usefulness of the 27.5 °C midpoint temperature of the TKW of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) as a baseline temperature for a thermal stress index ( TSI ). Using this biochemical baseline and measurements of foliage temperature, we compared the TSI response with cotton field performance. The study was conducted in the field on an Olton silty clay loam soil (fine mixed, thermic, Aridic PaleustoIIs) during 1984 and 1987. Measurements of foliage temperature were made with a hand‐held 4° field of view (FOV) infrared thermometer and plant biomass measured by destructive sampling. The biochemically based TSI and the physically based crop water stress index (CWSI) were highly correlated ( r 2 = 0.92) for cotton across a range of environmental conditions. The results indicate that the TSI may be useful in quantifying thermal stress via a procedure related to plant biochemistry.