gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical systems design with integrated rigorous vector diffraction (2005)

Depending on the specific application of a diffractive optical element (DOE), its polarization impact on the optical system must be taken into account. This may be necessary in imaging as well as in illumination optics, e. g., in miniaturized integrated optics or in high-resolution photolithographic projection systems. Sometimes, polarization effects are unwanted and therefore an exact characterization of their influences is necessary; in other cases a high polarization effect is the goal. It is well known how to calculate the point spread function (PSF) of a single diffractive micro-Fresnel lens. To do the same for a complete optical system with source, lenses, coatings, mirrors, gratings and diffractive elements, a 3D electrical field propagation along the geometric optical path is introduced into the ray-trace based optical systems design software in order to incorporate the entire electromagnetic polarization effects from the source to the image plane. Our software also considers the complex diffraction amplitudes including polarization effects from DOEs provided by rigorous electromagnetic methods. Together with a plane wave decomposition and with the local linear grating assumption, we are able to rigorously investigate the impact of e. g. polarization effects on the PSF of the whole optical system. Using this approach we analyze a hybrid diffractive-refractive microscope objective for mask inspection systems at 193 nm. Additionally we investigate focal properties of a sample diffractive blue laser disc pickup system.
Editorial - The Pimental Report (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEditorial - The Pimental ReportF. M. MengerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1986, 19, 5, 129Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00125a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00125a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Avaliação de probióticos (Pediococcus acidilactici e Bacillus subtilis) após o desmame e efeitos no desempenho dos leitões (2006)

The experiment was conducted with the goal to evaluate the use of rations with Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus acidilactici plus Bacillus subtilis as probiotics to weaned piglets (21 days) and the effects on the performance until 63 day of age. 210 piglets were submitted to the folowing treatments: T1- ration with Pediococcus acidilactici; T2- ration with Pediococcus acidilactici + Bacillus subtilis; and T3- ration without probiotic. Were evaluated the daily weight gain, daily feed intake and the conversion rate, the dirrohea ocurrence and the mortality rate. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with 3 treatments and 7 replications, been the means compared by Duncan’s Test. At the end of the experiment the animals that received the ration with Pediococcus acidilactici and the ration with Pediococcus acidilactici plus Bacillus subtilis (T1 and T2) presented a better conversion rate (P < 0.05) than the control group. The use of these bacterias did not result a diarrohea ocurrence. The probiotics used can be indicated with positive results on conversion rate to piglets in the nursery phase.
From design to alignment of ThomX quadrupoles (2018)

Quadrupoles for Thomx Facility have been carefully designed and measured due to high constraints of the storage ring. The need of a compact accelerator, 70 m2 on floor, as well as a beam life time of 20 ms, led to the following requirements for the quadrupole : a gradient of 5 T/m with 20.5 mm radius bore, harmonic content better than few 1.10⁻³ at the reference radius of 18 mm, no cross-talk with sextupole placed within 5 cm and a precision of the magnetic axis of 100 μm and the roll angle of 300 μrad for measurements and alignment. Total of 41 quadrupoles have been built and all measured by a rotating coil at ALBA and SOLEIL, providing multipole components, transfer function and magnetic center. Cross-check measurements have also been carried out with a versatile stretched wire from ESRF at LAL. This paper mainly describes results of simulations with OPERA and RADIA and provides the results of measurements with these three benches. These results will be compared and highlighted important points for the alignment and installation of quadrupoles in an accelerator.
IFN-γ‒Induced APOBEC3B Contributes to Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Genome Mutagenesis in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2021)

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the causative agent of an aggressive skin tumor, Merkel cell carcinoma. The viral genome is integrated into the tumor genome and harbors nonsense mutations in the helicase domain of large T antigen. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the viral genome gains the tumor-specific mutations remain to be elucidated. Focusing on host cytosine deaminases APOBEC3s, we find that A3A, A3B, or A3G introduces A3-specific mutations into episomal MCPyV genomes in MCPyV-replicating 293-derivative cells. Sequence analysis of MCPyV genomes retrieved from the NCBI database revealed a decrease of TpC dinucleotide, a preferred target for A3A and A3B, in the 3'-region of the large T antigen‒coding sequence. The viral DNA isolated from tumors contained mutated cytosines, with a remarkable bias toward TpC dinucleotide. Analysis of publicly available microarray data showed that expression of IFN-γ and cytotoxic T lymphocyte markers was positively correlated with the A3A, A3B, and A3G levels in MCPyV-positive but not in MCPyV-negative tumors. Finally, IFN-γ treatment induced A3B and A3G expression in the MCPyV-positive Merkel cell carcinoma cell line MS-1. These results suggest that the IFN-γ-A3B axis plays pivotal roles in evolutionally shaping MCPyV genomic sequences and in generating tumor-specific large T antigen mutations during development of Merkel cell carcinoma.
A direct, regio- and stereoselective 1.alpha.-hydroxylation of (5E)-calciferol derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA direct, regio- and stereoselective 1.alpha.-hydroxylation of (5E)-calciferol derivativesDavid R. Andrews, Derek H. R. Barton, Kwok P. Cheng, Jean Pierre Finet, Robert H. Hesse, Graham Johnson, and Maurice M. PechetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 9, 1635–1637Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00359a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00359a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views885Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of the 2‐Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids, Sendaverine (Va) and Corgoine (Vb), with Aziridinium Salts as Reactive Intermediates. (1983)

Abstract Durch Reaktion des Aziridins (I) mit den Bromiden (II) bilden sich über den Zwischenzustand der Aziridiniumsalze (III) unter Ringöffnung die Bromide (IVa), welche über die Stufen (IVb) und (IVc) zu den Titelverbindungen (Va) und (Vb) cyclisiert werden.
Competition and Cooperativity in Carbon Dioxide Sorption by Amine‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks (2011)

Molecular insights into the roles of amine functionalization and cooperative CO2 interactions into enhancing (and diminishing) CO2 binding by metal-organic frameworks are shown both experimentally and computationally. Contrary to popular thinking, higher amination decreases CO2 binding in this system. This loss is compensated by cooperativity between CO2 triads that enhances binding by over 7 kJ mol−1. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Remaining useful life prognosis of bearing based on Gauss process regression (2012)

Remaining useful life (RUL) prognosis of bearing is an enabling step for efficient implementation of condition based maintenance. Through intelligent tracking of features, status of bearing can be monitored and a rough RUL can be calculated. This paper presents an application of an important Bayesian machine learning method named Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) for bearing features tracking. The Gaussian process model can provide variance around its mean prediction to describe associated uncertainty in the evaluation and prediction. In this case, the GPR models with three different kinds of covariance functions are discussed for feature tracking and RUL evaluation. The dynamic model is introduced to realize a better accuracy prognosis of the bearing RUL by analyzing two important features. The experimental results show that using GPR for prognosis can achieve a high accuracy. In addition, the comparisons of prediction with different type of training covariance functions are discussed. Finally, this method provides a new way for prognosis of fluctuated signal of bearing features.
Analgesia and sedation for children undergoing burn wound care (2010)

Standard care of burn wounds consists of cleaning and debridement (removing devitalized tissue), followed by daily dressing changes. Children with burns undergo multiple, painful and anxiety-provoking procedures during wound care and rehabilitation. The goal of procedural sedation is safe and efficacious management of pain and emotional distress, requiring a careful and systematic approach. Achieving the best results needs understanding of the mechanisms of pain and the physiologic changes in burn patients, frequent evaluation and assessment of pain and anxiety, and administration of suitable pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. Pharmacological therapies provide the backbone of analgesia and sedation for procedural pain management. Opioids provide excellent pain control, but they must be administered judiciously due to their side effects. Sedative drugs, such as benzodiazepines and propofol, provide excellent sedation, but they must not be used as a substitute for analgesic drugs. Ketamine is increasingly used for analgesia and sedation in children as a single agent or an adjuvant. Nonpharmacological therapies such as virtual reality, relaxation, cartoon viewing, music, massage and hypnosis are necessary components of procedural sedation and analgesia for children. These can be combined with pharmacological techniques and are used to limit the use of drugs (and hence side effects), as well as to improve patient participation and satisfaction. In this article, we review the pathophysiologic changes associated with major thermal injury in children, the options available for sedation and analgesia for wound care procedures in these children and our institutional guidelines for procedural sedation.
Multiple recombinase polymerase amplification and low-cost array technology for the screening of genetically modified organisms (2021)

The identification of different transgenic products that are potentially present in foods is a priority given their impact on environmental safeness and health care. In this context, reliable, fast and inexpensive detection methods are demanded to screen the compliance of product labelling and traceability regulations. We herein developed a method that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) in a multiple format and a hybridisation assay. This system was optimised for the simultaneous amplification/detection of the 35S promoter, the NOS terminator and taxa, soya (Glycine max), corn (Zea mays) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), to denote the transgenic ingredients present in samples and to help to identify their source. As proof-of-concept, compact disc technology automated the optical sensing of RPA products. Discs worked as an analytical platform in the microarray format, and the reader/recorder as a detector. The analysis of the food mixtures containing genetically modified organisms up to 0.2 % showed excellent selectivity (no false-positives), reproducibility (relative error <20 %) and sensitivity (0.04 ng). The isothermal method was validated using certified reference materials and successfully compared to PCR-ELISA. The results of food products also confirmed it as an effective high-throughput tool for supporting simple, low-cost food safety controls, which makes it ideal for laboratories with limited resources.
Fully integrated PDMS/SU‐8/quartz microfluidic chip with a novel macroporous poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane for isoelectric focusing of proteins using whole‐channel imaging detection (2010)

A fully integrated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/modified PDMS membrane/SU-8/quartz hybrid chip was developed for protein separation using isoelectric focusing (IEF) mechanism coupled with whole-channel imaging detection (WCID) method. This microfluidic chip integrates three components into one single chip: (i) modified PDMS membranes for separating electrolytes in the reservoirs from the sample in the microchannel and thus reducing pressure disturbance, (ii) SU-8 optical slit to block UV light (below 300 nm) outside the channel aiming to increase detection sensitivity, and (iii) injection and discharge capillaries for continuous operation. Integration of all these components on a single chip is challenging because it requires fabrication techniques for perfect bonding between different materials and is prone to leakage and blockage. This study has addressed all the challenges and presented a fully integrated chip, which is more robust with higher sensitivity than the previously developed IEF chips. This chip was tested by performing protein and pI marker separation. The separation results obtained in this chip were compared with that obtained in commercial cartridges. Side-by-side comparison validated the developed chip and fabrication techniques.
On the Limit of Detection in Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging (2021)

Infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging instruments' performance can be characterized and optimized by an analysis of their limit of detection (LOD). Here we report a systematic analysis of the LOD for Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) and discrete frequency IR (DFIR) imaging spectrometers. In addition to traditional measurements of sample and blank data, we propose a decision theory perspective to pose the determination of LOD as a binary classification problem under different assumptions of noise uniformity and correlation. We also examine three spectral analysis approaches, namely, absorbance at a single frequency, average of absorbance over selected frequencies and total spectral distance - to suit instruments that acquire discrete or contiguous spectral bandwidths. The analysis is validated by refining the fabrication of a bovine serum albumin protein microarray to provide eight uniform spots from ∼2.8 nL of solution for each concentration over a wide range (0.05-10 mg/mL). Using scanning parameters that are typical for each instrument, we estimate a LOD of 0.16 mg/mL and 0.12 mg/mL for widefield and line scanning FT-IR imaging systems, respectively, using the spectral distance approach, and 0.22 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL using an optimal set of discrete frequencies. As expected, averaging and the use of post-processing techniques such as minimum noise fraction transformation results in LODs as low as ∼0.075 mg/mL that correspond to a spotted protein mass of ∼112 fg/pixel. We emphasize that these measurements were conducted at typical imaging parameters for each instrument and can be improved using the usual trading rules of IR spectroscopy. This systematic analysis and methodology for determining the LOD can allow for quantitative measures of confidence in imaging an analyte's concentration and a basis for further improving IR imaging technology.
Pharmacokinetics, the Immunological Impact, and the Effect on HIV Ex-Vivo Infectivity of Maraviroc, Raltegravir, and Lopinavir in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Postexposure Prophylaxis (2022)

Most of the studies using the colorectal tissue explants challenge model have been conducted after one single dose and before reaching a steady state. We consider that longer exposure as in 28-day postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) course and in an <i>at-risk</i> setting, such as after a sexual risk exposure to HIV could give us valuable information about these drugs. In a substudy we assessed pharmacokinetics, changes on immune system and <i>ex-vivo</i> rectal mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1 infection after taking maraviroc (MVC), raltegravir (RAL), and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) PEP-based regimens in 30 men who have sex with men. Participants received 28 days of twice-daily MVC (<i>n</i> = 11), RAL (<i>n</i> = 10) or LPV/r (<i>n</i> = 9) all with tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) backbone. Blood, rectal fluid, and rectal tissue samples were collected at days 7, 28, and 90 after starting PEP. The samples obtained at day 90 were considered baseline. All studied antiretrovirals were quantifiable at 7 and 28 days in all tissues. Activation markers were increased in CD4 mucosal mononuclear cells (MMCs) after 28 days of MVC: CD38 + 68.5 versus 85.1, <i>p</i> = .008 and CD38+DR +16.1 versus 26.7, <i>p</i> = .008. Exposure to MVC at both endpoints (7 and 28 days) was associated with significant suppression of HIV-1<sub>BAL</sub> (<i>p</i> = .005 and <i>p</i> = .028), but we did not observe this effect with RAL or LPV/r. Merging together changes in MMC in all arms, we found a positive correlation in the CD8 T cell lineage between the infectivity at day 7 and activation (CD38+ <i>r</i> = 0.43, <i>p</i> = .025, DR + <i>r</i> = 0.547, <i>p</i> = .003 and 38+DR+ <i>r</i> = 0.526, <i>p</i> = .05), senescence (CD57+CD28- <i>r</i> = 0.479, <i>p</i> = .012), naive cells (RA+CCR7+ <i>r</i> = 0.484, <i>p</i> = .01), and CCR5 expression (<i>r</i> = 0.593, <i>p</i> = .001). We conclude that MVC in combination with TDF/FTC was associated with viral suppression in rectal explants and that overall <i>ex-vivo</i> HIV infectivity correlated with activation and senescence in CD8 MMCs.
Feasibility of Full-Duplex Radio (2013)

Abstract : We have built a testbed for full-duplex radio with which we can control and process time-domain waveforms in real time. We have developed new methods for radio self-interference cancellation that are robust to transmission noise and hardware imperfections. These methods include new architectures of all-analog radio self-interference cancellation and online tuning methods. We have investigated the performance limits of all-analog radio interference cancellation subject to random interference channel instead of just some fixed scenarios. We have developed a method to handle IQ imbalances effectively. We have analyzed the performance of a radio capable of both full-duplex and half-duplex, and obtained a trade-off relationship between full-duplex and half-duplex in the presence of residual self-interference. This project has enabled us to identify the key problems in radio self-interference cancellation and consequently to develop a new and better approach which we will continue to investigate.
Diagnostic Value of Urine Microscopy for Differential Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients (2008)

Urine sediment examination is a valuable diagnostic tool for confirming the diagnosis of ATN. A score of > or =2 on an ATN urinary sediment scoring system is an extremely strong predictor of ATN.
Synthesis of gamma crystallin by a cloned cell line from Nakano mouse lens. (1978)

Evaluation of arterial compliance is significant in cardiovascular diagnosis for early detection of coronary heart disease. We present ARTSENS, an image-free system for non-invasive evaluation of arterial compliance in-vivo. The system utilizes a single element ultrasound probe with intelligent measurement algorithms to ensure accurate evaluation of local arterial compliance without an image. The ability of the system to detect artery anatomy and measure compliance was verified by in-vivo measurements conducted on 106 subjects. The accuracy of compliance estimates were evaluated by comparison with a state of art imaging system. The measurements made using ARTSENS showed strong correlation with those made using the imaging system. The ability of ARTSENS to detect age-related trends in arterial compliance was also investigated.
More iPhone Cool Projects (2010)

Everyone is developing iPhone applications, and it's clear why. The iPhone is the coolest mobile device available, and the App Store makes it simple to get an application out into the unstoppable iPho
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 9/2007 (2007)

Cover: The cover picture describes a new approach which enables controllable formation of nano polymer particles. The resultant particles could contain only one or two polymer chains, i.e. they are molecular bricks with potential important applications. Further details can be found in the article by C. Norakankorn, Q. Pan, * G. L. Rempel, * and S. Kiatkamjornwong on page 1029.
Atomic-Resolution Imaging of the Nanoscale Origin of Toughness in Rare-Earth Doped SiC (2008)

Ultrahigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic-scale spectroscopy are used to investigate the origin of the toughness in rare-earth doped silicon carbide (RE-SiC) by examining the mechanistic nature of the intergranular cracking events which we find to occur precisely along the RE-decorated interface between the SiC grains and the nanoscale grain-boundary phase. We conclude that, for optimal toughness, the relative elastic modulus across the grain-boundary phase and the interfacial fracture toughness are the most critical material parameters; both can be altered with judicious choice of rare-earth elements.