gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal model of edge pitch effects (2015)

Musical pitches can be perceived in broadband noise stimuli near frequencies corresponding to parameter changes along the frequency dimension. For example, monaural edge pitches (MEPs) are produced by noise stimuli with sharp spectral edges. Binaural edge pitches (BEPs) are produced by dichotic noise with interaural-phase changes at frequency boundaries (e.g., 0-pi), and binaural-coherence edge pitches (BICEPs) arise from boundaries between frequency regions with different interaural coherence (such as changes from correlated to uncorrelated noises). Perceived pitches are shifted slightly in frequency away from spectral edges: MEPs are shifted into noise bands, BICEPs are shifted into the incoherent region, and BEPs are shifted bimodally. This presentation proposes a temporal model for these edge pitches based on population-wide all-order interspike interval distributions (summary autocorrelations, SACFs), computed using the Zilany-Bruce-Carney 2014 model of the auditory nerve. Pitches were estimated from mean SACF values among lags at all F0-subharmonics (0–30 ms). Binaural pitches were estimated from computations based on corresponding left and right PSTs after a binaural delay and cancellation process. Model predictions agreed well with pitch judgments in both monaural and binaural cases. [Work supported by NIDCD (R01 DC00100 and P30 DC004663) and by AFOSR FA9550-11-1-0101.]
Noncontact Laser Inspection Based on a PSD for the Inner Surface of Minidiameter Pipes (2008)

A new noncontact laser-inspection technique based on a position-sensitive detector (PSD) to inspect the inner surface of minidiameter pipes is proposed, and the corresponding sensor is developed. A light spot is projected onto the pipe inner wall after the laser beam is reflected by two mirrors. At the same time, four current signals are produced when the light spot is read by the 2-D PSD. According to the magnitude of the current signals and the structure parameters of the sensor, the spot position on the inner wall can be calculated in a local 3-D coordinate system. With a micromotor, the surface of the whole inner wall can be scanned by the laser beam. This way, the coordinates of all the sample points in the section are obtained. After that, several reasonable data-processing methods are used, such as data segmentation and least squares fitting. Finally, the section curve can be reconstructed. The radius and defects of the section can also be obtained. Driven by a micropipe robot, the sensor can inspect a long curved pipe. The inspection system based on this technique can detect the inner surface of minidiameter pipes, which has an inner diameter of 9.5-10.5 mm and a curvature radius of more than 100 mm. The measurement accuracy of this inspection system for the inner diameter and surface defect reaches plusmn0.1 mm.
Influence of processing conditions on the leaching of thermal stabilizers from plasticized polyvinyl chloride in the presence of water (1998)

Plasticized PVC formulations for pharmaceutical packaging contain calcium and zinc stearates, which are PVC heat stabilizers. It was found in the literature that these additives can migrate to some aqueous solutions, especially when the pH is alkaline, the best example being sodium bicarbonate solutions. So, the aim of this work was to demonstrate the correlation between the lubricant ability of these stearates and their further migration in fluids. For this purpose, we studied the migration of calcium and zinc stearates during an extrusion step, focusing essentially on slip phenomenon. We have demonstrated here that slip phenomenon occurs in the case of plasticized PVC heat stabilized by calcium and zinc stearates. The slip phenomenon amplitude increases with the total amount of stearates in the formulation and also when the extrusion temperature decreases. The analysis of a die insert through scanning electron microscopy coupled with an X-ray energy dispersive technique could allow us to see that the additive mainly responsible for the slip is calcium stearate. The analysis of the leachable components of the formulations migrating after steam sterilization in sodium bicarbonate solutions leads to conclude that zinc stearate also migrates to the metal surface of the die during extrusion, but in a lower extent than calcium stearate. So, a good correlation exists between the processing conditions, including essentially the stearate concentration and the extrusion temperature, and the migration of these additives from the extruded sample to aqueous solutions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2391–2400, 1998
Direct Manipulation Blendshapes (2010)

This paper introduces a simple direct manipulation algorithm for the popular blendshape facial animation approach. As is the case for body animation, direct manipulation of blendshape models is an inverse problem: when a single vertex is moved, the system must infer the movement of other points. The key to solving the inverse problem is the observation that the blendshape sliders are a semantic parameterization -- the corresponding blendshape targets have clear, interpretable functions. Distance in "slider space'' is easily computed and provides the necessary regularization for the inverse problem: The change in semantic position is minimized subject to interpolating the artist's direct manipulations. We give empirical and mathematical demonstrations that a single direct manipulation edit is often the equivalent of multiple slider edits, but the converse is also true, confirming the principle that both editing modes should be supported.
Optical fibre sensor for simultaneous temperature and relative humidity measurement: Towards absolute humidity evaluation (2021)

Temperature and humidity are essential parameters in monitoring the health of patients in critical care. An optical fibre sensor has been developed for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity (RH) and temperature at a single optical fibre tip based on the reflected intensity. Combining these measurements enables absolute humidity values to be obtained. The fibre tip is first modified with a coating of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) / silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) for relative humidity (RH) measurement and then coated with thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) for temperature measurement. Experimental results demonstrate that the RH and temperature sensitivity are respectively 0.43 %/RH% (intensity at a wavelength of 650 nm) from 55 to 90% RH (R2 = 0.973) and 3.97 nm/°C from 28 to 46 °C (R2>0.99). Moreover, the proposed sensor has low crosstalk between each of the sensing parameters, with a response time of 3.1 s temperature (30–38 °C) and 13.2 s for relative humidity (20–80 %). In comparison to grating based optical fibre sensors the proposed sensor is low-cost with a simple manufacturing process which has the potential to find widespread use in healthcare applications.
Patient and Surgeon Radiation Exposure: Comparison of Standard and Mini-C-Arm Fluoroscopy (2009)

Exposure of the patient and surgeon to radiation depends on the tissue density and the shape of the imaged extremity. Elevated exposure levels can be expected when larger body parts are imaged or when the extremity is positioned closer to the x-ray source. When it is possible to satisfactorily image an extremity with use of the mini c-arm, it should be chosen over its larger counterpart.
Roadmaps for deployment of advanced warning systems to improve overall grid reliability: Setting the stage (2010)

The electric power grid is a highly complex system with unique challenges for ensuring safety and reliability of operations. The high degree of interconnectivity and dynamics of loads, sources, and lines has introduced vulnerability. These challenges include such factors as - aging infrastructure, transmission expansion to meet growing demands, distributed resources, congestion management, reliability coordination, renewable energy integration, etc. Other challenges facing the industry include balancing between resource adequacy, safety, reliability, economics, environmental constraints, and other public purpose objectives to optimize transmission and distribution resources to meet the needs of the end users. Accurate modeling of large-scale interconnected power system is critical in studying coordinated Power System Security Control and Inter-area oscillation modes. The effectiveness of control methods such as load shedding can be studied for damping control, voltage control and transient controlling angle, and to make use of these techniques address wide-area controls in a more coordinated fashion. This paper delineates many of the challenges that must be overcome as the industry moves forward in implementing the Smart Grid.
P3‐266: Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated with Hippocampal Volume and Episodic Memory in a Population at Risk for Alzheimer’S Disease (2016)

Hippocampal volume (HV) and episodic memory (EM) decline with age and may indicate a preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous research indicates individuals with a familial or genetic risk for AD experience accelerated rates of hippocampal atrophy and episodic memory decline in older adulthood. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be beneficial for brain health in older adults, however the evidence for a relationship between CRF and both HV and EM is less clear. CRF is a modifiable risk factor that could attenuate anticipated declines in HV and EM in individuals at-risk for developing AD. The objectives of this study were to determine the associations between (1) CRF and HV and (2) CRF and EM in a cohort of cognitively healthy older adults at-risk for AD. Eighty-six enrollees from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (age=63.6±5.9 years, 61.6% female) participated in this study. Participants were classified as at-risk by either possessing the APOE-e4 allele (53.5%), having a parental family history (FH) of AD (91.9%), or were both APOE-e4 and FH positive (45.3%). All participants performed a graded maximal exercise test to volitional exhaustion, underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan, and completed the Rey Auditory and Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Peak oxygen consumption during the exercise test (VO2peak, ml/kg/min), assessed according to established criteria, was used to determine CRF. Freesurfer software was used to obtain hippocampal volumes from T1 weighted images. Performance on the RAVLT was used to measure episodic memory. Regression analyses, adjusted for covariates were conducted to determine whether CRF is associated with HV and EM for both male and female participants. There was a significant positive association between CRF and HV for the female participants (p = .018). Additionally, significant positive associations were observed between CRF and both the RAVLT delayed recall score (p = .026), and the RAVLT composite memory score (p= .049) for the male participants. These results suggest that CRF is protective against both HV and EM decline in older adults at-risk for AD, but that the relationships may be gender-specific. Interventions aimed at improving or maintaining CRF in at-risk populations are warranted.
Induction and mechanism of tolerance to bovine serum albumin in mice given total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). [X radiation] (1978)

BALB/c mice given total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) were injected i.p. with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in saline and challenged with DNP-BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant 6 weeks later. The latter animals made no anti-DNP antibody response as measured by a modified Farr assay, but made a normal anti-DNP response after challenge with DNP-BGG in adjuvant. Normal mice or mice given whole body irradiation were not tolerized by the i.p. injection of BSA in saline. Spleen cells fom unresponsive mice (TLI + BSA in saline) suppressed the adoptive secondary anti-DNP response of sublethally irradiated syngeneic hosts given BSA-primed T cells, DNP-BSA-primed B cells, and DNP-BSA in saline. The suppressor cells were antigen specific, and were inactivated by in vitro treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement. The findings suggest that soluble antigens administered to mice after TLI evoke a state of tolerance that is maintained by antigen-specific suppressor T cells. A similar mechanism may be involved in the maintenance of tolerance to allografts. These findings may have important clinical implications for patients treated with TLI for lymphoid malignancies.
Pulsed laser deposition of Fe‐ and Fe, Cu‐doped ZnO thin films (2004)

Abstract Fe‐ and Fe, Cu‐doped ZnO films have been grown on 10 × 10 mm 2 c‐plane sapphire by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The targets were prepared from ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , and/or CuO powder. The structural, electrical and magnetical properties of thin films grown under different conditions have been investigated. As expected, the doped ZnO thin film properties depend sensitively on the dopant material.
Automated Protein Structure Classification: A Survey (2009)

Classification of proteins based on their structure provides a valuable resource for studying protein structure, function and evolutionary relationships. With the rapidly increasing number of known protein structures, manual and semi-automatic classification is becoming ever more difficult and prohibitively slow. Therefore, there is a growing need for automated, accurate and efficient classification methods to generate classification databases or increase the speed and accuracy of semi-automatic techniques. Recognizing this need, several automated classification methods have been developed. In this survey, we overview recent developments in this area. We classify different methods based on their characteristics and compare their methodology, accuracy and efficiency. We then present a few open problems and explain future directions.
[Preservation of kidney transplants with a modified UW solution--initial clinical results]. (1995)

Although the University of Wisconsin (UW) has become the standard solution for the preservation of kidneys for transplantation, the importance of the colloid hydroxyethylstarch (HES), one of the key compounds of the UW solution, has been judged controversial. It has been shown in various experimental models that dextran-40 may successfully substitute for HES. Dextran-40 is not only cheaper but also has a variety of biological effects which may be beneficial during the graft reperfusion phase. The aim of this clinical study was to examine the efficiacy of dextran-40 based preservation solution (Dex-PS) for its use for human kidney graft preservation and to compare the transplantation results with kidneys preserved with UW solution. A total of 87 kidneys were preserved with Dex-PS and matched with 87 kidneys preserved with UW solution. Both groups were comparable in terms of donor and recipients characteristics. Patient survival and graft survival after 1 year was 95% and 86% for the Dex-PS group and 94% and 90% for the UW group, respectively (p = n.s.). Primary non-function, delayed graft function, postoperative need for dialysis, and follow-up of serum creatinine were statistically comparable between these two groups. We conclude that dextran-40 can safely replace HES in the UW solution for the purpose of human kidney preservation for transplantation. There were no statistically detectable differences in graft performance between the kidneys preserved with UW and those preserved with Dex-PS.
General Anaesthesia for High-Dose Total-Body Irradiation (1979)

WHITWAM, J. G.; MORGAN, M.; OWEN, J. R.; GOOLDEN, A. W. G.; SPIERS, A. S. D.; GOLDMAN, J. M.; GORDON-SMITH, E. C. Author Information
Expanding pyrimidine diphosphosugar libraries via structure-based nucleotidylyltransferase engineering (2002)

In vitro "glycorandomization" is a chemoenzymatic approach for generating diverse libraries of glycosylated biomolecules based on natural product scaffolds. This technology makes use of engineered variants of specific enzymes affecting metabolite glycosylation, particularly nucleotidylyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. To expand the repertoire of UDP/dTDP sugars readily available for glycorandomization, we now report a structure-based engineering approach to increase the diversity of alpha-d-hexopyranosyl phosphates accepted by Salmonella enterica LT2 alpha-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate thymidylyltransferase (E(p)). This article highlights the design rationale, determined substrate specificity, and structural elucidation of three "designed" mutations, illustrating both the success and unexpected outcomes from this type of approach. In addition, a single amino acid substitution in the substrate-binding pocket (L89T) was found to significantly increase the set of alpha-d-hexopyranosyl phosphates accepted by E(p) to include alpha-d-allo-, alpha-d-altro-, and alpha-d-talopyranosyl phosphate. In aggregate, our results provide valuable blueprints for altering nucleotidylyltransferase specificity by design, which is the first step toward in vitro glycorandomization.
<title>CCD camera photometric accuracy and its effect on color and height measurement</title> (1993)

Photometric accuracy is a measure of how well a detector signal voltage represents the surface reflectance at the corresponding object region for a specific illumination condition. A linear relationship should exist between the signal voltage and the product of the object reflectance and source irradiance at a point of interest. Furthermore, the measured voltage should represent only the point of interest with negligible contribution from surrounding points. This paper describes the class of machine vision applications for which photometric accuracy is important which includes color and height measurement. Recognizing that a monochrome or color CCD array is the usual choice of image sensor, error sources are reviewed. One error which has not received much attention which can severely degrade performance is CCD veiling glare. Experimental results are shown which quantify this error and an empirical model developed to represent the degradation of photometric measurement performance.
Mass transport of aluminum by momentum exchange with conducting electrons (2005)

A failure mode commonly found in high power devices and integrated circuits appears when aluminum conductors carry current densities in excess of 10/sup 5/ amperes per square centimeter at temperatures above 100/spl deg/C. The mode of failure is an open circuit which often is observed as a "crack" in the aluminum and is commonly referred to as "cracked stripe" or "disappearing aluminum." This paper presents a study of this failure mode which has been identified with the mass transport of aluminum by momentum exchange between activated aluminum ions and conducting electrons. The activation energy for the reaction has been obtained and equations relating temperature, current density and film structure to conductor life are presented. The activation energy appears to be identical to that for the lattice self-diffusion of aluminum modified by factors involving both surface diffusion and grain-boundary diffusion. These latter two factors are important in films formed by the condensation of aluminum vapor.
Scattering of sound waves by a periodic array of slotted waveguides (1986)

The problem of scattering of plane acoustic waves obliquely incident upon a barrier consisting of superposed rectangular slotted waveguides is treated by taking a waveguide approach. The wave equation is solved for each interior region, bounded by parallel walls, and for the half-spaces on both sides of the scattering arrangement. The use of boundary conditions then leads to two infinite systems of algebraic equations, the solution of which generates the complex transmission and reflection coefficients. The scattering effects of comblike structures show sharp variations over the frequency spectrum. They also vary strongly at certain particular frequencies with the angle of incidence of the incoming wave. Two geometries of slotted waveguides are studied and their behavior, regarding the amplitude and phase of the transmitted sound, is compared with that of a simple grating of rectangular bars having similar dimensions. Theoretical results compare favorably with experimental values which are presented in another article forming the second part of this study.
<strong>Catalyzing the Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes with an </strong><strong>Efficient Zr-based Metal-Organic Framework </strong><strong> </strong><strong> </strong> (2015)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as zeolite analogues with permanent porosity and absorption capacity are a class of hybrid functional materials that are self-assembled by the coordination of metal cations with organic linkers. MOFs have received considerable attention due to their high surface area, well-defined structure and chemical tenability. These unique properties enable myriad applications in various fields such as catalysis, gas storage, separation, drug delivery, and chemical sensing. The title material are among the first examples of Zr(IV)-based UiO (University of Oslo) MOFs with coordinative unsaturated active metal centers. From both synthetic and industrial points of view, Liquid-phase oxidation of alcohols is a very attractive reaction for the preparation of intermediates and fine chemicals. A case in point is the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes which is a fundamentally important reaction in both laboratory and commercial scales. The oxidation of alcohols has been traditionally achieved with stoichiometric amounts of inorganic oxidants. In this work, Zr-benzenedicarboxylate (UiO-66) is successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal approach and applied to oxidation reactions as a catalyst. (UiO-66) is a recyclable and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to benzaldehydes. Using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in CH3CN, the reaction was investigated. The synthesized sample is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Observation of non-linear magnetic vortex gyration by X-ray microscopy\n and micromagnetic simulations (2011)

Magnetic vortex gyration in a 500 nm wide, 50 nm thick Permalloy square\nplatelet was investigated using time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray\nmicroscopy and micromagnetic simulations. The response of the vortex core on an\nin-plane oscillating magnetic field was studied as a function of the excitation\nfrequency and amplitude. Non-linear behavior was observed in the form of a\nredshift of the gyrotropic resonance. I.e., when the excitation amplitude was\nincreased, the resonance frequency was found to decrease. The nonlinearity is\nin agreement with extensive micromagnetic simulations. This work complements\nprevious reports on thinner nanostructures where a frequency blueshift was\nobserved.\n
Variability analysis and design of an integrated circuit using sensitivity information (1982)

A variability analysis of the open-loop DC gain G of an operational amplifier is carried out. DC sensitivities are used in the analysis, making the method economic compared to a Monte Carlo analysis. A novel way of using these sensitivities suggests choices for component matching in the integrated circuit, so as to reduce the variability of G. The analysis leads to a revision of the test limits of the gain. A 250-sample Monte Carlo analysis was used to confirm the results.
Canberra's life of lies (2013)

Has lying become just as acceptable as telling the truth? Is a half-truth, an evasion or a deliberately misleading statement our approved cultural and moral standard of communication?