gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostics of a large volume pin‐to‐plate atmospheric plasma source for the study of plasma species interactions with cancer cell cultures (2021)

Abstract A large gap pin‐to‐plate, atmospheric‐pressure plasma reactor is demonstrated as means of in vitro study of plasma species interactions with cell cultures. By employing optical emission and optical absorption spectroscopy, we report that the pin‐to‐pate plasma array had an optimal discharge frequency for cell death of 1000 Hz in ambient air for the target cancer cell line, human glioblastoma multiform (U‐251MG). The detected plasma chemistry contained reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including OH, N 2 , N 2 + and O 3 . We show that by varying the plasma discharge frequency, the plasma chemistry can be tailored to contain up to 8.85 times higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as a factor increase of up to 2.86 for levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). At higher frequencies, ROS are more dominant than RNS, which allows for a more dynamic and controlled environment for sample study without modifying the inducer gas conditions. When used for treatment of culture media and cell cultures, variation of the plasma discharge frequency over the range 1000–2500 Hz demonstrated a clear dependence of the responses, with the highest cytotoxic responses observed for 1000 Hz. We propose that the reactor offers a means of studying plasma–cell interactions and possible cofactors such as pro‐drugs and nanoparticles for a large volume of samples and conditions due to the use of well plates.
Vertically scaled MOSFET gate stacks and junctions: How far are we likely to go? (2002)

The vertical scaling requirements for gate stacks and for shallow extension junctions are reviewed. For gate stacks, considerable progress has been made in optimizing oxide/nitride and oxynitride dielectrics to reduce boron penetration and dielectric leakage compared to pure SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> in order to allow sub-2-nm dielectrics. Several promising alternative material candidates exist for 1-nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT)—for example, HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , ZrO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , and their silicates. Nevertheless, considerable challenges lie ahead if we are to achieve an EOT of less than 0.5 nm. If only a single molecular interface layer of oxide is needed to preserve high channel mobility, it seems likely that an EOT of 0.4–0.5 nm would represent the physical limit of dielectric scaling, but even then with a very high leakage (∼10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). For junctions, the main challenge lies in providing low parasitic series resistance as depths are scaled in order to reduce short-channel effects. Because contacts are ultimately expected to dominate the parasitic resistance, low-barrier-height contacts and/or very heavily doped junctions will be required. While ion implantation and annealing processes can certainly be extended to meet the junction-depth and series-resistance requirements for additional generations, alternative low-temperature deposition processes that produce either metastably or extraordinarily activated, abruptly doped regions seem better suited to solve the contact resistance problem.
Uptake and cytotoxicity of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) and neuroectodermal (SK-N-LO) cells. (1994)

Ascorbic acid (AA) was found to be cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present, study we investigated whether the reduced--(AA) or oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid, DhAA) and its rapidly formed metabolites were the main cytotoxic agents. In neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells, AA was found to be more cytotoxic than DhAA, although considerably higher amounts of [14C]DhAA than of [14C]AA were incorporated. In contrast, SK-N-LO cells derived from neuroectodermal tissue in fact showed a similar uptake but were much less injured by both substances. We observed that uptake of [14C]AA and [14C]DhAA was impaired in the presence of dithiothreitol and glutathione. Once inside the cell, [14C]DhAA was partially reduced to [14C]AA. From these data we conclude first that at least part of AA is oxidized prior to its uptake, and second that the reduced form of AA and perhaps ascorbyl radicals but not DhAA or its metabolites are the most important forms in mediating cytotoxic reactions in neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, the results strengthen the previous assumption that AA acts as a pro-oxidant in neuroblastoma cells and supports its use in the treatment of neuroblastoma, especially in combination with existing chemotherapeutics.
Two sympathetic nerve supplies to brown adipose tissue of the rat (1969)

The fluorescent histochemical technique of Falck for demonstrating catecholamines in sympathetic nerve fibers was modified for use in brown fat. In normal interscapular and mediastinal brown fat, the nerve fibers surrounded the arterial Mood vessels and all parenchymal cells. Both immunosympathectomy and surgical denervation gave an almost identical histological picture of massive loss of nerves from the blood vessels only. The parenchymal innervation remained intact. The blood vessels retained single isolated nerve fibers, which were relatively more numerous on the small vessels and which were connected with the parenchymal innervation. After sympathetic nerve fibers were depleted of catecholamines by treating the rat with reserpine, the parenchymal nerves reestablished catecholamine fluorescence at a faster rate than the blood vessel nerves. Intrinsic (tissue) ganglia in the brown fat were resistant to immunosympathectomy. These ganglia contained cells which were very brightly fluorescent. These results indicate that there are two anatomically, immunologically, and pharmacologically different nerve supplies to brown fat, one to the blood vessels and the other predominantly to the parenchyma. It was concluded that the parenchymal nerve supply is derived from the intrinsic ganglia via 'short' adrenergic neurons, and the blood vessel innervation is derived from the sympathetic chain via 'long' adrenergic neurons.
Prototyping a Virtual Agent for Pre-school English Teaching (2022)

This paper describes a case study and the insights gained from prototyping an Intelligent Virtual Agent (IVA) for English vocabulary building for Spanish-speaking preschool children. After an initial exploration to evaluate the feasibility of developing an IVA, we followed a Human-Centered Design (HCD) approach to create a prototype. We report on the multidisciplinary process used that incorporated two well-known educative concepts: gamification and story-telling as the main components for engagement. Our results suggest that a multidisciplinary approach to developing an educational IVA is effective. We report on the relevant aspects of the ideation and design processes that informed the vision and mission of the project.
Les états de Languedoc et le littoral provincial (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles) (2015)

International audience
Back-End Deposited Silicon Photonics for Monolithic Integration on CMOS (2012)

We present the vision of back-end deposited silicon photonics (BDSP) and review works that have been done in this field. Individual aspects of BDSP platform including excimer-laser-annealed polycrystalline silicon, low-loss plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride waveguide, modulator, detector, electrical interface, back-end CMOS compatibility, and benefits of the platform are discussed in detail.
Improved reactivity of a cyclic 13/15 compound by increased steric demand (2017)

Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of the new four-membered Ga/P cycle [tBu<sub>2</sub>GaP(H)SitBu<sub>2</sub>Ph]<sub>2</sub>, which shows a cis/trans isomerization at ambient temperatures via a ring opening mechanism. The sterically demanding substituents on the phosphorus (-SitBu<sub>2</sub>Ph) and gallium (tBu) atoms lead to an unexpected reactivity towards bulky NHC ligands (IMes and IDipp). The resulting Lewis base stabilized monomeric 13/15 compounds feature an unusual binding mode of the carbene ligand. The ring opened state also enables a masked flp reactivity, which is shown by a reaction with the polar multiple bond in Ph-NCO.
Adaptive sampling applied to multivariate, multiple output rational interpolation models with application to microwave circuits (2002)

A fast and efficient adaptive sampling algorithm for multivariate, multiple output rational interpolation models is presented, which is based on convergents of Thiele type branched continued fractions. The multiple output interpolation model consists of a set of rational interpolants, and each interpolant models one of the output parameters. A single global error function is defined that incorporates all the output parameters, and it is used for the selection of the same set of support points for all the interpolants. The technique is evaluated on several passive microwave structures and compared to previously published results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12: 332–340, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mmce10032
Diagnostic and Pharmacological Potency of Creatine in Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome (2021)

Post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) is a widespread chronic neurological disease with no definite etiological factor(s), no actual diagnostic test, and no approved pharmacological treatment, therapy, or cure. Among other features, PVFS could be accompanied by various irregularities in creatine metabolism, perturbing either tissue levels of creatine in the brain, the rates of phosphocreatine resynthesis in the skeletal muscle, or the concentrations of the enzyme creatine kinase in the blood. Furthermore, supplemental creatine and related guanidino compounds appear to impact both patient- and clinician-reported outcomes in syndromes and maladies with chronic fatigue. This paper critically overviews the most common disturbances in creatine metabolism in various PVFS populations, summarizes human trials on dietary creatine and creatine analogs in the syndrome, and discusses new frontiers and open questions for using creatine in a post-COVID-19 world.
Immunotherapy with myeloid cells for tolerance induction (2010)

We summarize recent findings regarding specific culture conditions that generate tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells that induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness and Treg development, which represents a novel immunotherapeutic approach to promote the induction of indefinite graft survival prolongation. The interpretations presented here illustrate that different mechanisms govern the generation of tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells, and we discuss the concomitant therapeutic implications.
Reliability of Telecommunications Systems Following a Major Disaster: Survey of Secondary and Tertiary Emergency Institutions in Miyagi Prefecture During the Acute Phase of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (2014)

Results suggest that satellite mobile phones and MCA wireless systems are relatively reliable and ordinary systems are less reliable in the acute period of a major disaster. It is important to distribute reliable disaster communication equipment to hospitals and plan for situations in which hospital telecommunications systems do not function.
Clinical Validation of a Smartphone-Based Adapter for Optic Disc Imaging in Kenya (2015)

Nonclinical photographers using the low-cost smartphone adapter were able to acquire optic nerve images at a standard that enabled independent remote grading of the images comparable to those acquired using a desktop retinal camera operated by an ophthalmic assistant. The potential for task shifting and the detection of avoidable causes of blindness in the most at-risk communities makes this an attractive public health intervention.
Selection and Weldability of Conventional Titanium Alloys (1993)

Abstract This article emphasizes the physical metallurgy of titanium and titanium alloys along with their microstructural response to fusion welding condition. The titanium alloys are classified into unalloyed or commercially pure titanium, alpha and near-alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and metastable beta alloys. The article further discusses the weld microstructure for alpha-beta and metastable beta alloys and describes welding defects observed in titanium alloys. The influence of macro- and microstructural characteristics of titanium weldment on mechanical properties is also discussed. The article concludes with a discussion on the different welding processes used in the welding of titanium and titanium alloys.
Phylogenetically Distant BABY BOOM Genes From Setaria italica Induce Parthenogenesis in Rice (2022)

The combination of apomixis and hybrid production is hailed as the holy grail of agriculture for the ability of apomixis to fix heterosis of F<sub>1</sub> hybrids in succeeding generations, thereby eliminating the need for repeated crosses to produce F<sub>1</sub> hybrids. Apomixis, asexual reproduction through seed, achieves this feat by circumventing two processes that are fundamental to sexual reproduction (meiosis and fertilization) and replacing them with apomeiosis and parthenogenesis, resulting in seeds that are clonal to the maternal parent. Parthenogenesis, embryo development without fertilization, has been genetically engineered in rice, maize, and pearl millet using <i>PsASGR-BABY BOOM-like</i> (<i>PsASGR-BBML</i>) transgenes and in rice using the <i>OsBABY BOOM1</i> (<i>OsBBM1</i>) cDNA sequence when expressed under the control of egg cell-specific promoters. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>BABY BOOM (BBM)/BBML</i> genes from monocots cluster within three different clades. The <i>BBM</i>/<i>BBML</i> genes shown to induce parthenogenesis cluster within clade 1 (the ASGR-BBML clade) along with orthologs from other monocot species, such as <i>Setaria italica</i>. For this study, we tested the parthenogenetic potential of three <i>BBM</i> transgenes from <i>S. italica</i>, each a member of a different phylogenetic BBM clade. All transgenes were genomic constructs under the control of the <i>At</i>DD45 egg cell-specific promoter. All <i>SiBBM</i> transgenes induced various levels of parthenogenetic embryo development, resulting in viable haploid T<sub>1</sub> seedlings. Poor seed set and lower haploid seed production were characteristics of multiple transgenic lines. The results presented in this study illustrate that further functional characterization of <i>BBM</i>s in zygote/embryo development is warranted.
High-Resolution Acoustic Arrays Using Optimum Symmetrical-Number-System Processing (2006)

We have presented the concept of designing an acoustic array and its signal processing based on the properties of the Optimum Symmetrical Number System (OSNS). The folding properties of the OSNS can be applied to the folding properties of the electronic phase detectors in the array processing system. Table 3 summarizes the relations between the OSNS assumptions and the array system properties. The number of moduli, N, determines the number of elements (N+1) and the number of processing channels. It also contributes to the total number of comparators required. The product of the moduli determines the dynamic range of the system, M. This property determines the element spacing and the angular resolution. Generally, for a given resolution, one can tradeoff the overall length of the array against the number of channels (and the number of comparators).
Prognostic significance of clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of medulloblastomas in the prospective HIT2000 multicenter clinical trial cohort (2014)

This study aimed to prospectively evaluate clinical, histopathological and molecular variables for outcome prediction in medulloblastoma patients. Patients from the HIT2000 cooperative clinical trial were prospectively enrolled based on the availability of sufficient tumor material and complete clinical information. This revealed a cohort of 184 patients (median age 7.6 years), which was randomly split at a 2:1 ratio into a training (n = 127), and a test (n = 57) dataset in order to build and test a risk score for this population. Independent validation was performed in a non-overlapping cohort (n = 83). All samples were subjected to thorough histopathological investigation, CTNNB1 mutation analysis, quantitative PCR, MLPA and FISH analyses for cytogenetic variables, and methylome analysis. By univariable analysis, clinical factors (M-stage), histopathological variables (large cell component, endothelial proliferation, synaptophysin pattern), and molecular features (chromosome 6q status, MYC amplification, subgrouping) were found to be prognostic. Molecular consensus subgrouping (WNT, SHH, Group 3, Group 4) was validated as an independent feature to stratify patients into different risk groups. When comparing methods for the identification of WNT-driven medulloblastoma, this study identified CTNNB1 sequencing and methylation profiling to most reliably identify these patients. After removing patients with particularly favorable (CTNNB1 mutation, extensive nodularity) or unfavorable (MYC amplification) markers, a risk score for the remaining "intermediate molecular risk" population dependent on age, M-stage, pattern of synaptophysin expression, and MYCN copy-number status was identified, with speckled synaptophysin expression indicating worse outcome. Test and independent validation of the score confirmed significant discrimination of patients by risk profile. Methylation subgrouping and CTNNB1 mutation status represent robust tools for the risk stratification of medulloblastoma. A simple clinico-pathological risk score was identified, which was confirmed in a test set and by independent clinical validation.
Role of high series resistance in admittance spectroscopy of kesterite solar cells (2013)

Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ZnSn(S, Se) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (CZTSSe) solar cells suffer from parasitic resistance effects when decreasing the temperature. This effect can cause distortions in the admittance spectrum. We perform temperature dependent current-voltage (IVT) and admittance measurements on six different CZTSe devices with efficiencies between 4 % and 6 %. From IVT measurements we deduce a thermally activated series resistance. This activation energy agrees with an activation energy obtained from admittance measurements. The activation energy of the series resistance is identified with one of the capacitance steps in the C-f profile. The origin of the series resistance remains unclear, even though hints for a barrier are present.
Uniformity of Axial Displacement in Element Testing (2007)

Abstract Uniform axial deformation is a basic assumption in element testing, where axial strain typically is determined from displacement measurements. In applying force through rigid platens, however, some rotation may occur such that the fundamental stress field is perturbed. Thus, nonuniformity among measures of axial displacement may be present, and the response may consist of a component due to uniform deformation and a component due to rotation. To estimate this nonuniformity for cylindrical specimens, at least three sensors are needed, and in general, the axial strain cannot be estimated without error from only two sensors. For equiangular placement of three sensors, it is shown that the mean of the displacement readings is equal to the displacement from the uniform component. The rotation does not affect the average value, but the rotation must be calculated to estimate the nonuniformity. The ratio of the measured maximum and minimum displacement does not provide an objective evaluation.
Detection of Organophosphate Residues in Selected Crops in Benguet and Mt. Province, Philippines (2017)

High input agricultural systems refer to food production systems that use inorganic chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizer inputs intensively, with the aim of significantly increasing yield levels. This leads to the accumulation of pesticide residues and heavy metals in the crops and in the environment. This study was undertaken to determine the presence and concentration of toxic pesticide residues in cabbage, potato, and sweet peas in selected farms in Pactil, Mt. Data, Mountain Province and Loo, Buguias, Benguet. Through the use of gas chromatography (GC), findings show that about 18 pesticide residues (organophosphates) were detected in the crop samples. Furthermore, concentrations of toxic organophosphate residues were generally elevated and higher than MRL. A general default MRL of 0.01 mg kg-1applies where a pesticide is not specifically mentioned, which means that there is no established MRL. If the default level of 0.01mg kg-1 is applied for those without MRL then almost all samples would be unsafe for consumption. Other vegetables crops, soil and water in the study area may also be analyzed for the presence of active compounds and other toxic chemicals.
Zeolitas naturales para la eliminación de fluoruro presente en aguas potables (2013)

Trabajo presentado en el II Simposium Iberoamericano en Nanotecnologia y Calidad Ambiental, celebrado en Mexico del 18 al 22 de febrero de 2013.
Molecular basis for defective glycosylation and Pseudomonas pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis lung (2001)

The CFTR gene encodes a transmembrane conductance regulator, which is dysfunctional in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mechanism by which defective CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) leads to undersialylation of plasma membrane glycoconjugates, which in turn promote lung pathology and colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing lethal bacterial infections in CF, is not known. Here we show by ratiometric imaging with lumenally exposed pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein that dysfunctional CFTR leads to hyperacidification of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in CF lung epithelial cells. The hyperacidification of TGN, glycosylation defect of plasma membrane glycoconjugates, and increased P. aeruginosa adherence were corrected by incubating CF respiratory epithelial cells with weak bases. Studies with pharmacological agents indicated a role for sodium conductance, modulated by CFTR regulatory function, in determining the pH of TGN. These studies demonstrate the molecular basis for defective glycosylation of lung epithelial cells and bacterial pathogenesis in CF, and suggest a cure by normalizing the pH of intracellular compartments.