gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Physiological and Behavioural Responses in Endotoxemic Pigs with or without Dexamethasone Treatment (2019)

Although dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used immunoregulatory agent, knowledge about its pharmacological properties in farm animals, especially pigs, is insufficient. Previous studies suggest that compared to other species, pigs are less sensitive to the immunosuppression conferred by DEX and more sensitive to the threat of bacterial endotoxins. However, there is a paucity of studies examining DEX immunomodulation in endotoxemia in this species. In this study, a porcine endotoxemia model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of DEX-pretreatment on the magnitude and kinetics of neuroendocrine, metabolic, hematologic, inflammatory, and behavioural responses were examined. DEX decreased cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte whereas glucose concentration was increased under both normal and endotoxemic conditions. By contrast, DEX decreased triglyceride, lactate, and IL-6 concentrations and increased platelet count only under an endotoxemic condition. DEX also reduced the frequency of sickness behaviour following LPS challenge. PCA showed that glucose and triglyceride metabolism together with red blood cell count mainly contributed to the separation of clusters during DEX treatment. Our study demonstrates that DEX protects pigs from inflammation and morbidity in endotoxemia, in spite of their less sensitivity to DEX. Moreover, its considerable role in the regulation of the metabolic and hematologic responses in endotoxemic pigs is revealed for the first time.
Highly efficient terahertz photoconductive metasurface detectors operating at microwatt-level gate powers (2021)

Despite their wide use in terahertz (THz) research and technology, the application spectra of photoconductive antenna (PCA) THz detectors are severely limited due to the relatively high optical gating power requirement. This originates from poor conversion efficiency of optical gate beam photons to photocurrent in materials with sub-picosecond carrier lifetimes. Here we show that using an ultra-thin (160 nm), perfectly absorbing low-temperature grown GaAs metasurface as the photoconductive channel drastically improves the efficiency of THz PCA detectors. This is achieved through perfect absorption of the gate beam in a significantly reduced photoconductive volume, enabled by the metasurface. This Letter demonstrates that sensitive THz PCA detection is possible using optical gate powers as low as 5 µW-three orders of magnitude lower than gating powers used for conventional PCA detectors. We show that significantly higher optical gate powers are not necessary for optimal operation, as they do not improve the sensitivity to the THz field. This class of efficient PCA THz detectors opens doors for THz applications with low gate power requirements.
Influence of Shear Stress on Cationic Surfactant Uptake by Anionic Gels (2003)

Kinetic studies of cationic surfactant uptake by anionic polymer gel membrane under various shear flow have been performed, varying the alkyl chain length of surfactant, the ionic strength of surfactant solution, and the charge density of gel. By exposing the gel surface to a shear flow of ca. 1 Pa, the rate of surfactant uptake is distinctly enhanced, while the maximum binding ratio to the gel is not influenced. A linear relationship between the surfactant initial flux and shear stress has been established. At a high ionic strength, the effect of shear stress is suppressed, suggesting that the enhancement of surfactant uptake under shear flow is caused by a decrease in the surface electrostatic potential of the negatively charged polyelectrolyte gel, which favors the uptake of the positively charged surfactant. From the Nernst and Planck equation, a relationship between the surfactant uptake kinetics and the electrostatic field is derived that allows us to estimate the shear stress dependence of the change in the electrostatic field on the gel surface. The origin of the shear-induced surface electrostatic field change is discussed.
High-Performance MPI Broadcast Algorithm for Grid Environments Utilizing Multi-lane NICs (2007)

The performance of MPI collective operations, such as broadcast and reduction, is heavily affected by network topologies, especially in grid environments. Many techniques to construct efficient broadcast trees have been proposed for grids. On the other hand, recent high performance computing nodes are often equipped with multi-lane network interface cards (NICs), most previous collective communication methods fail to harness effectively. Our new broadcast algorithm for grid environments harnesses almost all downward and upward bandwidths of multi-lane NICs; A message to be broadcast is split into two pieces, which are broadcast along two independent binary trees in a pipelined fashion, and swapped between both trees. The salient feature of our algorithm is generality; it works effectively on both large clusters and grid environments. It can be also applied to nodes with a single NIC, by making multiple sockets share the NIC. Experimentations on a emulated network environment show that we achieve higher performance than traditional methods, regardless of network topologies or the message sizes.
Readout electronics of a high-resolution gamma camera (2007)

To develop high resolution gamma camera, a novel readout method is adopted. The detector of the gamma camera is based on CsI(Na) scintillation crystal array coupling with position-sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT). The novel readout scheme utilizes the truncated center-of-gravity (TCOG) method, which hybridizes the conventional resistive readout and the individual analogue readout. The TCOG design was tested on a readout circuit board made by ourselves. As a result, the gamma camera could achieve an intrinsic spatial-resolution of 1 mm. The field-of-view (FOV) was also improved to cover the active area of the detector. In conclusion, the TCOG method is an effective approach to developing high-resolution compact gamma camera. This method can also be used in the newly high-integrated multi-anode PSPMT.
Correction: Resolving nanoscopic structuring and interfacial THz dynamics in setting cements (2022)

Correction for ‘Resolving nanoscopic structuring and interfacial THz dynamics in setting cements’ by Fu V. Song et al. , Mater. Adv. , 2022, 3 , 4982–4990, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA01002F.
Preparation of Acyl Halides under Very Mild Conditions (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Acyl Halides under Very Mild ConditionsJohn B. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 14, 3440–3441Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00966a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00966a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2225Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma and malignancy in a four-generation family. (1996)

We report a large kindred in which a punctate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is associated with malignancy, including Hodgkin's disease, renal, breast, pancreatic and colonic adenocarcinomas. The family was traced through four generations, and over 320 individuals were identified, of whom 49 had punctate PPK. The punctate PPK appeared to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. Ten of the 43 adults (23%) with punctate PPK developed malignancies, and five of these developed before the age of 50. Of the 271 unaffected individuals, six (2%) have developed malignancies, one prior to the age of 50. The association of keratoderma and malignancy is discussed.
Selection diversity in multiple interferer mobile radio systems (1988)

Outage probability calculations are presented for the case when the transmission from a wanted base station is received by a mobile in the presence of multiple cochannel interfering signals. Ideal multiple branch selection diversity is employed to mitigate the effects of Rayleigh fading, which all the transmissions are assumed to suffer. The calculations are for an interference limited system where branch selection is made either on the basis of the best signal to interference ratio or, more practically, on the basis of strongest received power.
What Do Reported Learning Curves Mean for Orthopaedic Surgeons? (2016)

Practicing orthopaedic surgeons must assess the effects of the learning curve on patient safety and surgical outcomes if a new implant, technique, or approach is being considered; however, it remains unclear how learning curves reported in the literature should be interpreted and to what extent their results can be generalized. Learning curve reports from other surgical specialties and from orthopaedic surgery can be analyzed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of learning curve reporting. Single-surgeon series and registry data can be analyzed to understand learning challenges and to develop a personalized learning plan. Learning curve reports from single-surgeon series have several limitations that result from the limited dataset reported and inconsistencies in the way data are reported. Conversely, learning curve reports from registry data are likely to have greater generalizability, but are largely beneficial retrospectively, after data from a sufficient number of surgeons are assessed. There is a pressing need for surgeons to develop improved and consistent standards for learning curve reporting. Although registry data may provide better prospective measures in the future, the implementation of such registries faces several challenges. Despite substantial limitations, single-surgeon series remain the most effective way for practicing surgeons to assess their learning challenge and develop an appropriate learning plan.
Destabilization of MHD modes with finite Larmor radius effects in tandem mirrors (1986)

Difficulties in the stabilization of ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning modes by finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects are considered, in tandem mirror geometry for azimuthal mode numbers l > 1. A kinetic formalism is used to obtain corrections to the long thin approximation, when keeping terms of quadratic order in the curvature. If eta/sub i/ = par. deltalnT/sub i/par. deltalnn/sub i/ greater than or equal to 0, with T/sub i/, n/sub i/, the ion temperature and density, ion resonance effects eliminate absolute FLR stability, though the residual growth rates are substantially reduced from the MHD values. Even lowest order FLR stability is difficult to achieve with choke coils present, but is possible with a more gradually tapered mirror. However, the residual modes are still important, and mixing length estimates of the confinement degradation from modes with l > 1 indicate they can still severely limit the achievement of reactor-grade operation near and above the threshold beta value predicted from the ideal MHD theory. This is most severe if the ion temperature gradient decreases radial (eta/sub i/ > 0), whereupon significant instabilities can even arise below the ideal threshold. However, if the ion temperature gradient can be made positive, and -eta/sub i/more » < 2/3, the lowest order FLR theory suffices to produce stability. 9 refs., 1 fig.« less
SURG-42. SAFETY OF INTRA-ARTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY WITH OR WITHOUT OSMOTIC BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER DISRUPTION IN TREATMENT OF BRAIN TUMORS (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Intra-arterial route of drug delivery (IA) without or with osmotic blood brain barrier disruption (IA/BBBD) is one of the available techniques to overcome the blood-brain barrier and enhance drug delivery to brain tumors. We present a large single institution safety data of IA or IA/BBBD. METHODS This is a retrospective review of the electronic records, imaging and complications in patients who underwent IA or IA/BBBD in OHSU between December, 1997 and November, 2018. Procedural complications were documented prospectively and reviewed in the electronic medical records. Toxicities, attributed to chemotherapy, were reported when grade is either II or higher by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). RESULTS Complications related to chemotherapy and procedure were reported separately. Total of 4940 procedures (1102 IAC and 3838 oBBBD) were performed on 436 patients (190 female and 246 male). Pathologies were primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (n=115, 26%), secondary central nervous system involvement (SCNSL) (n=37, 8%), glioblastoma (n=79, 18%), astrocytoma (grade II/III) (n=34, 7%), oligodendroglioma (n=64, 14%), pilocytic astrocytoma (n=10, 2%), metastatic (n=38, 8%), embryologic (n=37, 8%), others (n=22, 5%). Procedural complications: groin related (n=16, 0.32%), transient neurological decline (n=57, 1.15%), subintimal arterial injury (n=13, 0.26%), asymptomatic imaging changes (T2 or DWI) (n=60, 1.21%), symptomatic stroke (n=21, 0.43%), myocardial infarction (n=3, 0.37%), cervical cord injury (n=6, 0.12%), death within 3 days (n=6, 0.12%). Minor complications are 2.86%, major complications are 1.12%. Eighty-four percent (n=369) of the patients experienced grade 2 or higher toxicities attributed to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION We present the largest safety data set to date from a single institution experience using IA and IA/BBBD for brain tumors. Our results suggest that IA and IA/BBBD is safe and can be performed multiple times in the same patients with acceptable procedure related complications. Efficacy of this approach is being evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
Nitric Oxide And Carbon Monoxide Produce Activity-Dependent Long-Term Synaptic Enhancement in Hippocampus (1993)

Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) may act as retrograde messages for long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Zinc protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of the enzyme that produces CO, blocked induction of LTP in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. Application of either NO or CO to slices produced a rapid and long-lasting increase in the size of evoked synaptic potentials if, and only if, the application occurred at the same time as weak tetanic stimulation. This long-term enhancement was spatially restricted to synapses from active presynaptic fibers and appeared to involve mechanisms utilized by LTP, occluding the subsequent induction of LTP by strong tetanic stimulation. The enhancement by NO and CO was not blocked by an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, suggesting that NO and CO act downstream from the NMDA receptor. Also, CO produced long-term enhancement when paired with low-frequency stimulation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NO and CO, either alone or in combination, serve as retrograde messages that produce activity-dependent presynaptic enhancement during LTP.
The use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize the carbon materials found in Amazonian anthrosoils (2012)

This manuscript presents the Raman characterization of the stable carbon materials found in a special type of soil, named Terra Preta de Índio (Indian Dark Earths). The Terras Pretas de Índios have been studied as a potential model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics. The stability of organic matter and the long‐term high‐level of ion exchange capacity in these soils are due to unusually high amount of black carbon. Here, we show how Raman spectroscopy can be used to characterize the stable carbon content in the Terras Pretas de Índios (TPI‐carbons). The tangential stretching mode (G band) and the disorder‐induced mode (D band) are analyzed in comparison to laboratory‐produced amorphous carbons at different degree of disorder used here as reference materials. Statistical analysis show predominance of sp 2 phase and crystallite sizes within the limit range between nanographite and amorphous carbons, while Raman mapping of a TPI‐carbon grain shows that the surface is more disordered than the grain core. The analysis used here can also differentiate the TPI‐carbon structures from different types of charcoal. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
<title>Bioelectric Current Image Reconstruction From Measurement Of The Generated Magnetic Fields</title> (1987)

The magnetic fields generated by electrical currents in the human body, such as in the brain and in the heart, can be measured using Super Conducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID). We present two methods by which these magnetic field measurements can be processed to obtain images of the electrical current distributions which caused them. These two methods are: reconstruction using Fourier transform techniques and reconstruction using linear estimation theory. We present a brief overview for both methods including computer-simulated reconstructions of biological activity.
The time-dependent quickest path problem: Properties and bounds (2015)

The fast computation of point-to-point quickest paths on very large time-dependent road networks will allow next-generation web-based travel information services to take into account both congestion patterns and real-time traffic informations. The contribution of this article is threefold. First, we prove that, under special conditions, the Time-Dependent-Quickest Path Problem (QPP) can be solved as a static QPP with suitable-defined (constant) travel times. Second, we show that, if these special conditions do not hold, the static quickest path provides a heuristic solution for the original time-dependent problem with a worst-case guarantee. Third, we develop a time-dependent lower bound on the time-to-target which is both accurate and fast to compute. We show the potential of this bound by embedding it into a unidirectional algorithm which is tested on large metropolitan graphs. Computational results show that the new lower bound allows to reduce the computing time by 27% on average. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.NETWORKS, Vol. 66(2), 112–117 2015
Src, cortactin and Arp2/3 complex are required for E-cadherin-mediated internalization of Listeria into cells (2007)

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen able to invade non-phagocytic cells. InlA, a L. monocytogenes surface protein, interacts with human E-cadherin to promote bacterial entry. L. monocytogenes internalization is a dynamic process involving co-ordinated actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and host cell membrane remodelling at the site of bacterial attachment. Interaction between E-cadherin and catenins is required to promote Listeria entry, and for the establishment of adherens junctions in epithelial cells. Although several molecular factors promoting E-cadherin-mediated Listeria internalization have been identified, the proteins regulating the transient actin polymerization required at the bacterial entry site are unknown. Here we show that the Arp2/3 complex acts as an actin nucleator during the InlA/E-cadherin-dependent internalization. Using a variety of approaches including siRNA, expression of dominant negative derivatives and pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate the crucial role of cortactin in the activation of the Arp2/3 complex during InlA-mediated entry. We also show the requirement of the small GTPase Rac1 and that of Src-tyrosine kinase activity to promote Listeria internalization. Together, these data suggest a model in which Src tyrosine kinase and Rac1 promote recruitment of cortactin and activation of Arp2/3 at Listeria entry site, mimicking events that occur during adherens junction formation.
Direct physical evidence of mechanisms of leakage and equivalent oxide thickness reduction in metal-insulator-metal capacitors based on RuOx/TiOx/SrxTiyOz/TiN stacks (2012)

We present direct physical evidence supporting the mechanisms we proposed to explain low leakage (Jg) and low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) in RuOx/TiOx/Sr-rich SrxTiyOz(STO)/TiN metal-insulator-metal capacitors which achieve Jg = 10−7 A/cm2 (1 V) at 0.45 nm EOT: (1) healing of STO traps by O incorporation from RuOx during STO crystallization anneal for low leakage and (2) TiOx/Sr-rich STO intermixing during STO crystallization anneal resulting in a higher Ti-content, higher k-value STO layer for low EOT. Proof of oxygen incorporation into the STO layer from the RuOx electrode as well as of TiOx/STO intermixing were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry performed on samples fabricated using O18 for Ru oxidation. We also show excellent match between measured leakage vs. voltage and simulations of trap-assisted leakage with asymmetric trap profiles due to STO trap healing next to RuOx, further supporting our model.
Recursive Filtering for Complex Networks Against Random Deception Attacks (2018)

This paper is concerned with the recursive filtering problem for a class of discrete-time complex networks with randomly occuring deception attacks. A set of random variables that obey Bernoulli distribution have been introduced to describe the phenomenon of randomly occuring deception attacks. A coupled unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is developed where the sigma points of the UKF are propagated by introducing the coupled terms. The randomly occuring deception attacks scheme is designed in the framework of the UKF. A numerical example involving tracking of multiple interacting targets is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed filter.
Multiplexed, Waveguide Approach to Magnetically Assisted Transport Evanescent Field Fluoroassays (2007)

This paper, expanding upon the recently developed magnetically assisted transport evanescent field fluoroassays (MATEFFs), takes advantage of several innovations in order to successfully integrate a microfluidic platform and planar waveguide technology for exploitation of multiplexing advantages. In the current adaptation of MATEFFs, a multiple internal reflection element (waveguide) is created using a simple microscope slide and PDMS microfluidic architecture, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple samples. Furthermore, the magnetic beads are manipulated using a passive pumping technique and a simple external permanent magnet, thereby circumventing the need for electromagnetic fabrication or complicated architectures and equipment. Initial testing, optimization, and calibration were performed using a model sandwich immunoassay system for the detection of rabbit IgG, with which we demonstrate a linear dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude and physiologically relevant detection limits of nanograms per milliliter. Further work employed a sandwich immunoassay for the detection of interleukin-4, a cytokine that promotes proliferation and differentiation of B cells, to demonstrate technique reproducibility with RSD values of 5% and reported LOD of 10 ng/mL. The use of harvesting magnetic beads resulted in assays with mass-sensing behavior. Using IgG as a model cross-reactant with the interleukin-4 system, we additionally illustrate technique selectivity and multiplexing capability. A DNA hybridization assay is carried out using magnetic bead-immobilized single-stranded DNA with hybridization detected via ethidium bromide intercalation, further establishing technique versatility.