gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic synthesis of (1988)

Kurt G. I. Nilsson As the importance of the oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids is being increasingly recognized, efforts to synthesize them are expanding. The number of functional groups of carbohydrate monomers and the variety of configurations that oligomers can adopt is greater than with nucleotides/nucleic acids or amino acids/peptides. By reversing the hydrolytic action of glycosidases and by using highly regiospecific glycosyltransferases, enzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis can be performed.
Characterization and manipulation of energy entangled qudits (2013)

Summary form only given. Entanglement is a fundamental resource for the quantum processing of information and to study the intrinsic nature of quantum correlations. Entangling higher dimensional bipartite systems (qudits) has been shown to give more insight on the nature of entanglement compared to the simplest entanglement system composed of two two level systems (two qubits) [1, 2]. For quantum key distribution, increasing the dimension of the alphabet by using qudits increases the effective bit rate of the protocol, still being secure [3]. Experimentally, higher dimensional entanglement in photonic systems have been demonstrated for various degrees of freedom of light, including time-bins [4,5], transverse momentum [6, 7] or orbital angular momentum modes [8].We demonstrate here a new way to encode qudits in the energy spectrum of the entangled photons by defining frequency bins within their spectra. Broadband entangled photons are generated by continuous wave spontaneous down-conversion and detected in coincidence by sum frequency generation. By means of experimental methods used for shaping fs-laser pulses, frequency bins can be addressed in the photons spectra. Furthermore, controlling each frequency component individually allows to manipulate and characterize the quantum states. The dimension of the generated states is in practice limited by the optical resolution of the setup only.
Abstract 20539: Difference of Energy Expenditure While Standing versus Sitting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017)

Introduction: Replacing sitting with standing is one of several recommendations giving to people to decrease sedentary time, but the EE difference of standing vs. sitting has been controversial. We...
Towards stability and optimality in stochastic gradient descent (2015)

Iterative procedures for parameter estimation based on stochastic gradient descent allow the estimation to scale to massive data sets. However, in both theory and practice, they suffer from numerical instability. Moreover, they are statistically inefficient as estimators of the true parameter value. To address these two issues, we propose a new iterative procedure termed averaged implicit SGD (AI-SGD). For statistical efficiency, AI-SGD employs averaging of the iterates, which achieves the optimal Cramér-Rao bound under strong convexity, i.e., it is an optimal unbiased estimator of the true parameter value. For numerical stability, AI-SGD employs an implicit update at each iteration, which is related to proximal operators in optimization. In practice, AI-SGD achieves competitive performance with other state-of-the-art procedures. Furthermore, it is more stable than averaging procedures that do not employ proximal updates, and is simple to implement as it requires fewer tunable hyperparameters than procedures that do employ proximal updates.
Short-term traffic flow prediction with nearest trajectory segments (2010)

As a key technology of Intelligent Transportation System(ITS), short-term traffic flow prediction is fundamental to traffic control and management. This paper proposes a prediction method based on nearest trajectory segments in reconstructed phase space. First, phase space reconstruction is introduced to recover dynamics traffic flow time series. Then a optimized metric which integrates Euclidean distant and cosine similarly of trajectory segments is proposed to select nearest trajectory segments in phase space. Finally, the predicted traffic flow value is obtained from the predicted vector computed with nearest trajectory segments. Case study with traffic flow data collected from Guangshen Freeway proves prediction accuracy.
Molecular Origin of Rapid versus Slow Intramolecular Electron Transfer in the Catalytic Cycle of the Multicopper Oxidases (2013)

Kinetic measurements on single-turnover processes in laccase established fast type-1 Cu to trinuclear Cu cluster (TNC) intramolecular electron transfer (IET) in the reduction of the native intermediate (NI), the fully oxidized form of the enzyme formed immediately after O-O bond cleavage in the mechanism of O2 reduction. Alternatively, slow IET kinetics was observed in the reduction of the resting enzyme, which involves proton-coupled electron transfer on the basis of isotope measurements. The >10(3) difference between the IET rates for these two processes confirms that the NI, rather than the resting enzyme that has been defined by crystallography, is the fully oxidized form of the TNC in catalytic turnover. Computational modeling showed that reduction of NI is fast because of the larger driving force associated with a more favorable proton affinity of its μ3-oxo moiety generated by reductive cleavage of the O-O bond. This defines a unifying mechanism in which reductive cleavage of the O-O bond is coupled to rapid IET in the multicopper oxidases.
<title>Automated cloud-drift winds from GOES images</title> (1996)

Estimation of the atmospheric wind field based on cloud tracking using a time sequence of satellite imagery is an extremely challenging problem due to the complex dynamics of the imaging instruments and the underlying non-linear phenomena of cloud formation and weather. Cloud motion may involve both partial fluid motion and partial solid motion, which we model as semi-fluid motion. Motion algorithm with subpixel accuracy using differential geometry invariants of surfaces was developed to track clouds. The motion model is general enough to include both physical and geometrical constraints. Typically, a polynomial displacement function is used to model the local deformation behavior of a surface patch undergoing semi-fluid motion. The cloud tracking algorithm recovers local cloud surface deformations using a sequence of dense depth maps and corresponding intensity imagery, that captures the time evolution of cloud-top heights. Either intensity or depth information can be used by the semi-fluid motion analysis algorithm. A dense disparity or depth map that can be related to cloud-top heights is provided by the Goddard Automatic Stereo Analysis module for input to the motion analysis module. The results of the automatic cloud tracking algorithm are extremely promising with errors comparable to manually tracked winds. Experiments were performed on GOES images of Hurricanes Frederic, Gilbert and Luis, and a temporally dense 1.5 minute time interval thunderstorm sequence covering Florida region. Future work involves using multispectral information, incorporating robustness, cloud motion segmentation and adaptive searching for improving operational cloud-tracking performance.
Quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 8-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids and 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids (1988)

A series of 7,8-disubstituted 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids, 7-substituted 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids, and 10-substituted 9-fluoropyridobenzoxazine-6-carboxylic acids has been prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity. The side chains examined at the 7-position (benzoxazine 10-position) included piperazinyl (g), 3-aminopyrrolidinyl (a), 3-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidinyl (b), and alkylated 3-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidinyl (c-f). Variations at C-8 of the quinolone ring system included hydrogen, nitro, amino, fluorine, and chlorine. The relative enhancement of in vitro activities by the side chains on the 8-hydrogen quinolone and 1,8-naphthyridine against Gram-negative organisms was a greater than b greater than g greater than c-f. The activity imparted to the substituted quinolone nucleus by the 8-substituent was in the order F greater than Cl greater than naphthyridine greater than H greater than benzoxazine greater than NH2 greater than NO2. These trends were retained in vivo.
Bioethics : A Philosophical Basis for Moral Decisions. (2002)

I would like to address myself not to a specific moral problem caused by the proliferation of scientific knowledge and technological advances in our culture, but to the underlying philosophical basis for the plethora of moral dilemmas we are witnessing. In essence, I am saying that the ecological and psycho-social problems of today cannot be ameliorated by recycling pop bottles or training more psychiatrists. We must attack the cause not the symptoms. The cause, I propose, resides in our head in the form of a bankrupt philosophy of human nature. Moreover, I make the assumption, as others have that each individual holds a view of human nature which shapes policies and practices of human intervention which, in turn, influence biological and psycho-social development.
Swain–Lupton Equation (2023)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
Flow Excited Acoustic Resonance of Two Side-by-Side Cylinders in Cross Flow (2006)

The aeroacoustic response of two side-by-side cylinders in cross-flow is investigated experimentally. In order to investigate the effect of the gap between the cylinders on the acoustic resonance mechanism, six spacing ratios between the cylinders have been investigated. These spacing ratios are in the range of T/D = 1.25 to 3, where D is the diameter of the cylinders and T is the center-to-center distance between them. Special attention is given to the bi-stable flow regime, which is reported in the literature for intermediate spacing ratios. During the tests, the acoustic cross-modes of the duct housing the cylinders are self-excited. For the intermediate spacing ratios, T/D = 1.25, 1.35, 1.46 and 1.75, two distinct vortex shedding frequencies at the off-resonance conditions are observed. These are associated with the wider and narrower wakes of the cylinders, as described in the literature. In this case, acoustic resonance occurs at a Strouhal number that is between those observed before the onset of resonance. In addition, the acoustic resonance synchronizes vortex shedding in the two wakes and thereby eliminates the bi-stable flow phenomenon. For large spacing ratios, T/D = 2.5 and 3, vortex shedding occurs at a single Strouhal number at which the acoustic resonance is initiated.
Effect of a Lactobacillus Species-Based Probiotic and Dietary Lactose Prebiotic on Turkey Poult Performance With or Without Salmonella Enteritidis Challenge (2007)

To evaluate the effect of a probiotic culture in combination with dietary lactose as a prebiotic, 2 experiments were performed. Treated poults (Lactobacillus spp.-based probiotic culture) received dietary lactose (0.1%) continuously in the feed and probiotic culture (~106 cfu/mL) in the drinking water. Controls received no treatments. Three hundred twenty selected female poults were tagged and randomly divided in 2 treatments with 4 replicates each (n = 40). In experiment 1, poults were challenged with ~104 cfu of Salmonella Enteritidis; however, in experiment 2, no challenge was provided to poults. Body weight was evaluated on d 1, 7, and 14 (experiment 1, trial 1 and 2, experiment 2, trial 3) and on d 1, 8, and 18 (experiment 2, trial 4). Body weight and FCR were significantly (P < 0.05) improved by treatment in Salmonella-challenged poults (trials 1 and 2). In contrast, unchallenged turkey poults (trials 3 and 4) showed no difference (P > 0.05) in either BW or FCR. These data suggest that dietary lactose with appropriate probiotic organisms may enhance performance of poults following a mild pathogenic challenge.
Analytical Modeling of Non-Linear Propagation in Uncompensated Optical Transmission Links (2012)

Recently, a perturbative model of non-linear fiber propagation in uncompensated optical transmission systems has been proposed, called GN-model [1]. Here, an extended and more detailed version of the GN-model derivation [1] is reported, providing deeper insight into the model. Some straightforward generalizations of the model are also proposed.
Genome Sequence of Abbey Lake Virus, a Novel Orthobunyavirus Isolated from China (2014)

The Orthobunyavirus genus of Bunyaviridae is a divergent group of medically important pathogens. Abbey Lake bunyavirus (Ab-BUNV) was newly isolated and identified in Xinjiang Province, northwestern China. The complete genome of Ab-BUNV was sequenced and is reported here, revealing that Ab-BUNV may represent a novel genotype in the genus Orthobunyavirus.
1. Einleitung (2018)

Die Invasion der USA 2003 in den Irak war ein Fiasko. Nicht nur, dass die von den USA angeführten Kriegsgründe sich im Nachhinein als völlig haltlos erwiesen – mehr noch – sie stürzten eine von Instabilität geprägte Region weiter ins konfliktäre Aus. Kurz nach der US-Invasion war klar, dass der Irak weder über Massenvernichtungswaffen verfügte, noch Al-Qaida bei den Terroranschlägen vom 11. September 2001 unterstützt hatte. Der internationale Aufschrei war groß: Untersuchungsausschüsse wurden einberufen und Verschwörungstheorien wurden laut. Waren es die US-Geheimdienste selbst, die Informationen fehldeuteten oder gar falsche Behauptungen aufstellten, durch die die USA ihre Sicherheit durch den Irak gefährdet sahen? Oder waren es etwa (politische) Akteure, die einer elitären Gruppierung zugehörig, eigene Ziele mit der Invasion der USA 2003 in den Irak verfolgten? Diese und weitere Annahmen werden vom Autor in minutiöser Detailarbeit unter Anwendung zweier Theorien aus dem politikwissenschaftlichen Teilgebiet der Internationalen Beziehungen beantwortet: dem ‚Strukturellen Neorealismus’ von Kenneth Waltz und dem ‚Liberalen Intergouvernementalismus’ von Andrew Moravcsik.
Distributed Execution with Remote Audit. (1999)

Reinforcement has the potential to generate strong reproductive isolation through the evolution of barrier traits as a response to selection against maladaptive hybridization, but the genetic changes associated with this process remain largely unexplored. Building upon the increasing evidence for a role of structural variants in adaptation and speciation, we addressed the role of copy-number variation in the reinforcement of sexual isolation evidenced between the two European subspecies of the house mouse. We characterized copy-number divergence between populations of <i>Mus musculus musculus</i> that display assortative mate choice, and those that do not, using whole-genome resequencing data. Updating methods to detect deletions and tandem duplications (collectively: copy-number variants, CNVs) in Pool-Seq data, we developed an analytical pipeline dedicated to identifying genomic regions showing the expected pattern of copy-number displacement under a reinforcement scenario. This strategy allowed us to detect 1824 deletions and seven tandem duplications that showed extreme differences in frequency between behavioural classes across replicate comparisons. A subset of 480 deletions and four tandem duplications were specifically associated with the derived trait of assortative mate choice. These 'Choosiness-associated' CNVs occur in hundreds of genes. Consistent with our hypothesis, such genes included olfactory receptors potentially involved in the olfactory-based assortative mate choice in this system as well as one gene, <i>Sp110</i>, that is known to show patterns of differential expression between behavioural classes in an organ used in mate choice-the vomeronasal organ. These results demonstrate that fine-scale structural changes are common and highly variable within species, despite being under-studied, and may be important targets of reinforcing selection in this system and others. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
The case for neuropsychoanalysis: Why a dialogue with neuroscience is necessary but not sufficient for psychoanalysis (2015)

Recent advances in the cognitive, affective and social neurosciences have enabled these fields to study aspects of the mind that are central to psychoanalysis. These developments raise a number of possibilities for psychoanalysis. Can it engage the neurosciences in a productive and mutually enriching dialogue without compromising its own integrity and unique perspective? While many analysts welcome interdisciplinary exchanges with the neurosciences, termed neuropsychoanalysis, some have voiced concerns about their potentially deleterious effects on psychoanalytic theory and practice. In this paper we outline the development and aims of neuropsychoanalysis, and consider its reception in psychoanalysis and in the neurosciences. We then discuss some of the concerns raised within psychoanalysis, with particular emphasis on the epistemological foundations of neuropsychoanalysis. While this paper does not attempt to fully address the clinical applications of neuropsychoanalysis, we offer and discuss a brief case illustration in order to demonstrate that neuroscientific research findings can be used to enrich our models of the mind in ways that, in turn, may influence how analysts work with their patients. We will conclude that neuropsychoanalysis is grounded in the history of psychoanalysis, that it is part of the psychoanalytic worldview, and that it is necessary, albeit not sufficient, for the future viability of psychoanalysis.
Early postoperative enteral nutrition with arginine-omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acid-supplemented diet versus placebo in cancer patients (1995)

Supplementation of enteral diet with arginine, RNA, and omega-3 fatty acids in the early postoperative time period improves postoperative immunologic responses and helps to overcome more rapidly the immunologic depression after surgical trauma.
Waterborne versus Dietary Zinc Accumulation and Toxicity in Daphnia magna: a Synchrotron Radiation Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Approach (2011)

Recent studies have suggested that exposure of the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna to dietary Zn may selectively affect reproduction without an associated increase of whole body bioaccumulation of Zn. The aim of the current research was therefore to investigate the hypothesis that dietary Zn toxicity is the result of selective accumulation in tissues that are directly involved in reproduction. Since under field conditions simultaneous exposure to both waterborne and dietary Zn is likely to occur, it was also tested if accumulation and toxicity under combined waterborne and dietary Zn exposure is the result of interactive effects. To this purpose, D. magna was exposed during a 16-day reproduction assay to Zn following a 5 × 2 factorial design, comprising five waterborne concentrations (12, 65, 137, 207, and 281 μg Zn/L) and two dietary Zn levels (49.6 and 495.9 μg Zn/g dry wt.). Tissue-specific Zn distribution was quantified by synchrotron radiation based confocal X-ray fluorescence (XRF). It was observed that the occurrence of reproductive inhibition due to increasing waterborne Zn exposure (from 65 μg/L to 281 μg/L) was accompanied by a relative increase of the Zn burdens which was similar in all tissues considered (i.e., the carapax, eggs, thoracic appendages with gills and the cluster comprising gut epithelium, storage cells and ovaries). In contrast, the impairment of reproduction during dietary Zn exposure was accompanied by a clearly discernible Zn accumulation in the eggs only (at 65 μg/L of waterborne Zn). During simultaneous exposure, bioaccumulation and toxicity were the result of interaction, which implies that the tissue-specific bioaccumulation and toxicity following dietary Zn exposure are dependent on the Zn concentration in the water. Our findings emphasize that (i) effects of dietary Zn exposure should preferably not be investigated in isolation from waterborne Zn exposure, and that (ii) XRF enabled us to provide possible links between tissue-specific bioaccumulation and reproductive effects of Zn.
Supplemental Table 1 from Genetic Modulation of Neurocognitive Function in Glioma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Glioma Patients in the Parent Epidemiological Study (N=1247).&lt;/p&gt;
15nm-diameter 3D stacked nanowires with independent gates operation: &#x03A6;FET (2008)

For the first time, we report a 3D stacked sub-15 nm diameter NanoWire FinFET-like CMOS technology (3D-NWFET) with a new optional independent gate nanowire structure named PhiFET. Extremely high driving currents for 3D-NWFET (6.5 mA/mum for NMOS and 3.3 mA/mum for PMOS) are demonstrated thanks to the 3D configuration using a high-k/metal gate stack. Co-processed reference FinFETs with fin widths down to 6 nm are achieved with record aspect ratios of 23. We show experimentally that the 3D-NWFET, compared to a co-processed FinFET, relaxes by a factor of 2.5 the channel width requirement for a targeted DIBL and improves transport properties. PhiFET exhibits significant performance boosts compared to Independent-Gate FinFET (IG-FinFET): a 2-decade smaller I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> current and a lower subthreshold slope (82 mV/dec. instead of 95 mV/dec.). This highlights the better scalability of 3D-NWFET and PhiFET compared to FinFET and IG-FinFET, respectively.
Identification of growth trait related genes in a Yorkshire purebred pig population by genome wide association studies (2016)

Our results provide new clues for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying growth traits, and may help improve these traits in future breeding programs.
Field-Based Experiences in Special Education Teacher Training: What Teacher Educators Do (and Should Do) (2021)

Beginning teachers face a wide array of challenges in today’s PreK-12 classrooms. These challenges are magnified for beginning special education teachers who must meet the needs of an extremely diverse student population. To prepare beginning special education teachers for classroom realities, teacher educators must recognize and use high-leverage preparation practices in coursework and field-based experiences during teacher training. The goal of the present study was to conduct a state-level analysis that examined ways in which teacher educators implemented field-based experiences with preservice special education teachers. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to gather qualitative data from a sample of teacher educators who were affiliated with university-based teacher preparation programs. Data were analyzed with two levels of coding and generated four themes. Findings and limitations with the present study were discussed, as well as best practice strategies for field-based experiences in special education teacher training.