gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of tolerability and effects on immunoglobulin levels and CD19 cell counts with ocrelizumab vs low dose of rituximab in multiple sclerosis (2020)

Overall, differences between the two treatments were small. Although the study design precludes robust conclusions regarding the risk-benefit with the studied therapies, our findings indicate that the tolerability and safety with RTX is not inferior to OCR.
Gold nanoparticles potentiates N-acetylcysteine effects on neurochemicals alterations in rats after polymicrobial sepsis (2019)

Herein, we report the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) isolated or in association as important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds on brain dysfunction in septic rats. Male Wistar rats after sham operation or caecal ligation and perforation (CLP) were treated with subcutaneously injection of AuNP (50 mg/kg) and/or NAC (20 mg/kg) or saline immediately and 12 h after surgery. Twenty-four hours after CLP, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were obtained and assayed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokines, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls formation, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and CK activity. AuNP + NAC association decreased MPO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, being more effective than NAC or AuNP isolated treatment. AuNP + NAC association and NAC isolated treatment decreased oxidative stress to lipids in both brain structures, while protein oxidation decreased only in the hippocampus of AuNP + NAC association-treated animals. Complex I activity was increased with AuNP + NAC association and NAC isolated in the hippocampus. Regarding CK activity, AuNP and AuNP + NAC association increased this marker in both brain structures after CLP. Our data provide the first experimental demonstration that AuNP and NAC association was able to reduce sepsis-induced brain dysfunction in rats by decreasing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial dysfunction and CK activity.
Molecular Requirements for the Biological Activity of Ethylene (1967)

The molecular requirements for ethylene action were investigated using the pea straight growth test. Biological activity requires an unsaturated bond adjacent to a terminal carbon atom, is inversely related to molecular size, and is decreased by substitutions which lower the electron density in the unsaturated position. Evidence is presented that ethylene binds to a metal containing receptor site. CO(2) is a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action, and prevents high concentrations of auxin (which stimulate ethylene formation) from retarding the elongation of etiolated pea stem sections. It is suggested that CO(2) delays fruit ripening by displacing the ripening hormone, ethylene, from its receptor site. Binding of ethylene to the receptor site is also impeded when the O(2) concentration is lowered, and this may explain why fruit ripening is delayed at low O(2) tensions.
Predictors of short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve edge‐to‐edge repair (2020)

With the present study we established high survival rates at discharge and after 1 year of patients treated with TMVR. This goes along with high implantation numbers, increased interventional experience and a better in-hospital survival over the years. Long-term mortality in turn was substantially influenced by comorbidities.
Delivery of a Therapeutic Protein by Immune-Privileged Sertoli Cells (2010)

Immune-privileged Sertoli cells survive long term after allogeneic or xenogeneic transplantation without the use of immunosuppressive drugs, suggesting they could be used as a vehicle to deliver therapeutic proteins. As a model to test this, we engineered Sertoli cells to transiently produce basal levels of insulin and then examined their ability to lower blood glucose levels after transplantation into diabetic SCID mice. Mouse and porcine Sertoli cells transduced with a recombinant adenoviral vector containing furin-modified human proinsulin cDNA expressed insulin mRNA and secreted insulin protein. Transplantation of 5-20 million insulin-expressing porcine Sertoli cells into diabetic SCID mice significantly decreased blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner, with 20 million Sertoli cells decreasing blood glucose levels to 9.8 ± 2.7 mM. Similar results were obtained when 20 million insulin-positive, BALB/c mouse Sertoli cells were transplanted; blood glucose levels dropped to 6.3 ± 2.4 mM and remained significantly lower for 5 days. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate Sertoli cells can be engineered to produce and secrete a clinically relevant factor that has a therapeutic effect, thus supporting the concept of using immune-privileged Sertoli cells as a potential vehicle for gene therapy.
Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Zona-pellucida Glycoproteins on Mouse Sperm (2020)

Mammalian oocytes are enveloped by the zona pellucida (ZP), an extracellular matrix of glycoproteins. In sperm, stimulation with ZP proteins evokes a rapid Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx via the sperm-specific, pH-sensitive Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel CatSper. However, the physiological role and molecular mechanisms underlying ZP-dependent activation of CatSper are unknown. Here, we delineate the sequence of ZP-signaling events in mouse sperm. We show that ZP proteins evoke a rapid intracellular pH <sub><i>i</i></sub> increase that rests predominantly on Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchange by NHA1 and requires cAMP synthesis by the soluble adenylyl cyclase sAC as well as a sufficiently negative membrane potential set by the spem-specific K<sup>+</sup> channel Slo3. The alkaline-activated CatSper channel translates the ZP-induced pH <sub><i>i</i></sub> increase into a Ca<sup>2+</sup> response. Our findings reveal the molecular components underlying ZP action on mouse sperm, opening up new avenues for understanding the basic principles of sperm function and, thereby, mammalian fertilization.
DISPROPORTIONALITY IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: A PERSISTENT REALITY FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS (2015)

The disproportionate representation of African Americans in special education continues to be a prevalent, disturbing, and heavily debated problem, and possibly the most long-standing issue in the special education field. African American students are overrepresented in three disability categories (emotionally behavioral disorder, intellectual disability, and specific learning disability), all of which are prone to subjective judgment. The current literature indicates the following reasons as possible explanations for this persistent problem: failed general education system, inequities in special education referral and identification process, test bias, as well as a lack of access to effective instruction. This paper provides definitions of disproportionate representation, an explanation of categories of disability, and explores the use of multi-tiered academic interventions.
A comparison of meta-analytic results using literature vs individual patient data. Paternal cell immunization for recurrent miscarriage (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the meta-analytic results from published literature vs those obtained from pooling original patient data. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Individual patient data from 15 completed or ongoing trials on paternal white blood cell immunization as treatment for recurrent miscarriage were obtained through the American Society for Reproductive Immunology. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Only randomized controlled trials were selected. Within these eight selected trials, 202 patients were from four published studies, 43 were added by the same investigators after publication, and 140 were from four unpublished trials. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Individual patient data were collected using a standardized form and double data entry. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Using the fixed treatment effect model, we found that the effect of immunization, denoted as the relative live-birth ratio (RR), was greater by pooling summary data from published articles (RR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.60) than by pooling all individual patient data from the same investigators (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.37) or when individual patient data were pooled from four unpublished trials (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.28). A similar diminishing treatment effect for the same comparisons was observed using the random treatment effect model (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.87 using published summary data; RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.42 using individual patient data; RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.28 using unpublished trials). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Meta-analytic results may differ depending on the use of various data sources: whether the source was from summary statistics in the literature, from individual patient data provided by trialists, or from unpublished trials. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:830-836)
PerturbationOfDesaturase-AndElongase-CatalyzedEquilibrium Between FattyAcids In LiverAnd PlasmaTriglyceridesAnd hospholipidsOf Streptozotocin (Type 1)AndGoto-Kakizaki (Type 2)DiabeticRats (2007)

The fatty acid content and pattern of plasma and liver lipids were recently characterized in fed and overnight starved normal and Goto- Kakizaki rats(GK), as well as fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals (STZ). The present report deals with the desaturase- and elongasecatalyzed equilibrium between selected fatty acids in plasma unesterified fatty acids, phospholipids and triglycerides and liver phospholipids and triglycerides of the same animals. Attention is drawn inter alia to the higher activity of both iÂÂ9-desaturase and elongase and the more efficient stepwise conversion of C18:2iÂ·6 to C20:4iÂ·6 in GK rats than in STZ rats. Moreover, significant correlations were found between the liver and plasma values for the C16:0/C16:1iÂ·7, (C16:0+C16:1iÂ·7)/(C18:0 +C18:1iÂ·9), C18:3iÂ·3/C20:5iÂ·3, C20:5iÂ·3/C22:5iÂ·3 and C22:5iÂ·3/ C22:6iÂ·3 ratios in triglycerides, as well as the C18:0/C18:1iÂ·9, (C16:0 +C16:1iÂ·7)/(C18:0+C18:1iÂ·9), C20:5iÂ·3/C22:5iÂ·3 and C22:5iÂ·3/ C22:6iÂ·3 ratios in phospholipids. These findings indicate that, in several respects, the apparent equilibrium values for the interconversion of selective fatty acids in liver phospholipids and triglycerides can be reliably judged from the corresponding values found in circulating lipids.
The Effects Of Post-Truth Discussions And Disinformations Shared On Social Media On Turkey's Security (2022)

Sosyal medyada post-truth ve dezenformasyon kavram ikilisi hemen hemen aynı amaç için kullanılmaktadır. Bu açıdan paylaşılan bilgilerin hakikat mi yoksa yalan mı olduğu önemli değildir. Önemli olan insanların duygu ve düşüncelerini bir noktaya toplamaktır. Bu nedenle rakibini aşağılamak ve onu yenmek için kasten kirli bilgi paylaşmak mubahtır. Post-truth günümüzde moda kavramlardan birisidir. Post-truth'a bu yolu açan da Oxford Sözlüğü olmuştur. Oxford Sözlüğü post-truth'u 2016'da uluslararası alanda yılın kavramı seçmiştir. Ayrıca hem Donald Trump'ın seçim kampanyasında hem de İngiltere'deki Brexit referandumunda post-truth siyasete sıklıkla baş vurulmuştur. Bu iki olay kavramın küreselleşmesine büyük katkı yapmıştır. Önemli olan sosyal medyada paylaşılan post-truth söylemlerin ve dezenformasyonların ülkelerin kamu düzeni ile güvenliğine ve insanların sağlığına zarar vermemesidir. Ne yazık ki bazı sorumluluk sahibi insanlar ve terör örgütleri yaptıkları sosyal medya paylaşımlarıyla "dijital terörizme" katkıda bulunuyorlar. Post-truth kavramı Türkiye'de de sıklıkla kullanılmasına rağmen kavramın Türkçesi konusunda tam bir mutabakat yoktur. Bu nedenle çalışmamız boyunca post-truth ve dezenformasyon kavramlarını gerek tek tek ve gerekse de yan yana aynı doğrultuda kullandığımızı ifade etmek isteriz. Çalışmamızın ilk etabında post-truth kavramı ve tarihçesi, Donald Trump'ın seçim kampanyası ile İngiltere'deki Brexit'in kavramın küreselleşmesine nasıl katkı yaptığı ve kavramın Türkiye'de algılanışı ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra Türkiye'de post-truth söylemler ve dezenformasyonlarla harekete geçirilen kitlelerin ve terör örgütlerinin güvenlik açısından sebep olduğu sorunlar analiz edilmektedir. Bunun için üç örnek olay seçilmiştir: 27 Mayıs 1960 askeri darbe süreci, 2013 Gezi Parkı Eylemleri ve 6-8 Ekim 2014 Kobani eylemleri. Son olarak çalışmanın kaleme alındığı dönemde yürürlüğe giren dezenformasyon yasası hakkında yapılan tartışmalara ve eleştirilere kısaca temas edilmektedir.
High-frequency small-signal modulation characteristics of short-cavity InGaAsP lasers (1984)

Measured small-signal frequency-response characteristics of directly modulated long-cavity and short-cavity InGaAsP double-channel buried-heterostructure (DCBH) lasers are reported. Relaxation oscillation resonance frequencies as high as 9.4 GHz at a bias current of twice threshold have been obtained with short-cavity devices.
Manipulating cell-substrate interactions through matrix protein deposition from Physical confinement signals regulate the organization of stem cells in three dimensions (2016)

To confirm that collagen is responsible for the cell-substrate adhesion on PDMS channels, cells were seeded without collagen and incubated for 48hrs. Whether on the (a) 100 µm channel or the (b) flat substrate, no cells had successfully adhered (Scale bar = 100 µm and applies to (b) as well). (c) In an attempt to reverse the spheroidal geometry observed in the channels, we increased cell-substrate adhesion by depositing fibronectin in addition to collagen. Increased cell substrate adhesion appeared to have no effect of embryonic stem cells growth, as the aggregate still formed a highly three dimensional geometry. Interestingly, the increased substrate interaction promoted cell adhesion at the top of the channels; however, these cells formed typical two dimensional flat aggregates.To ascertain whether the observed changes in geometry are the result of a higher cell density, cells were seeded to match the density of 100 µm channels (~450 cells/mm2). Shown are cells at (d) 12 hrs and (e) 48 hours after seeding, displaying a typical island shaped morphology. Scale bar = 100 µm.
Corner effect in multiple-gate SOI MOSFETs (2003)

Separate formation of channels in corners and sides of triple-gate SOI MOSFETs is observed. This phenomenon degrades the I/sub on//I/sub off/ ratio and the subthreshold slope, but it is present only if high doping concentrations and corners with a small radius of curvature are used.
Baumgarten, Kant e a teoria do belo: conhecimento das belas coisas ou belo pensamento? (2014)

Baumgarten pretende fundar a estetica como a ciencia das sensacoes, cuja finalidade e a perfeicao do conhecimento sensivel. Esta perfeicao e a beleza. Ao redefinir o conceito de belo na modernidade, o separa do utilitarismo que o associava ao bem e a propriedade objetiva das coisas na antiguidade, e o reclassifica em termos de um belo subjetivo, advindo da conjuncao de nossas representacoes. Essa nocao de belo inspira decisivamente a terceira critica kantiana. Tanto Kant quanto Baumgarten concebem, portanto, um belo representativo. Porem, Kant nega qualquer possibilidade de haver uma ciencia do belo, concedendo apenas seu aspecto representativo, pois aqui nao se trata de um conhecimento de objetos, e sim do belo considerado no pensamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ciencia; Teoria; Estetica; Belo; Representacao.
C–Br Activation of Aryl Bromides at Ni0(NHC)2: Stoichiometric Reactions, Catalytic Application in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling, and Catalyst Degradation (2012)

Complex [Ni2(iPr2Im)4(COD)] (1) (iPr2Im = 1,3-diisopropylimidazolin-2-ylidene) is a very efficient catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4-bromotoluene with phenylboronic acid and also mediates the Ullmann-type homo-cross-coupling reaction of bromobenzene with a moderate efficiency. Stoichiometric reactions of complex 1 with aryl bromides (ArBr) at room temperature lead to mixtures of aryl bromo complexes of the type trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)(Ar)] and the bis(bromo) complex trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)2] 2. The complexes trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)(Ar)] (for Ar = Ph 3, 4-MeC6H44, 4-Me(O)CC6H45, 4-MeOC6H46, 4-MeSC6H47, 4-Me2NC6H48, 2-C5NH49) can be selectively synthesized by working at low temperatures and using a high dilution of the starting materials. A major deactivation pathway for trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)(Ar)] was identified in the presence of aryl bromides. This deactivation process includes (i) the formation of trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)2] from trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)(Ar)] (2) and ArBr and (ii) the formation of an imidazolium salt of the type 2[iPr2Im-Ar]+[NiBr4]2– from trans-[Ni(iPr2Im)2(Br)2] (2) and ArBr. The reactions of complex 2 with a series of aryl halides at higher temperatures lead to the decomposition of the bis(carbene) nickel moiety with formation of the imidazolium salts 2[iPr2Im-Ar]+[NiBr2X2]2– (for X = I, Ar = Ph 10 and X = Br, Ar = Ph 11, 4-MeC6H412, 4-FC6H413, 4-OSi(CH3)3-C6H414) in high yields.
Improved Hybrid Specimen for Vibration Bending Fatigue (2016)

A hybrid specimen was developed to minimize material used when assessing bending fatigue behavior with a vibration-based experimental procedure. Motivation for this work comes from the eagerness to quantify critical three-dimensionally printed gas turbine engine components at low cost under representative operating and stress conditions. The original vibration-based fatigue specimen (a whole, square plate) is capable of providing airfoil representative data at a lower cost than failing a fully manufactured airfoil. The reduced cost, though significant, was further reduced with the hybrid specimen. The most recently published iteration of the hybrid specimen produced an insert-plate system that required 95 % less material than the original specimen in order to gather fatigue data, and the hybrid specimen data compared favorably within a 95 % prediction interval of the original for Aluminum 6061-T6. Despite the successful comparison, improvements to the hybrid plate specimen were still necessary for accurately assessing fatigue behavior of more commonly used aerospace alloys. Specifically, improving repeatability in the experimental response, increasing the hybrid specimen excitability (i.e. reduce specimen system damping), and minimizing damage accumulation on the carrier plate of the hybrid specimen were critical to the efficiency of the characterized bending fatigue behavior. The proposed investigation addressed these issues for Titanium 6Al-4V, resulting in a more repeatable experimental procedure and results that agree with whole plate data.
Metal foams for electromagnetic shielding: a plasma model (2009)

Metal foams are highly versatile new materials with interesting structural and electromagnetic properties. In this work, their use in electromagnetic shielding problems is investigated. More specifically, the shielding effectiveness of an aluminium foam slab is studied on the basis of an effective medium approach. Furthermore, the suitability of using a plasma model in order to describe the electromagnetic behaviour of metal foams is demonstrated by comparison with experimental data.
Materials science and engineering : an introduction : student learning resources (2003)

Building on the extraordinary success of five best-selling editions, Bill Callister's new Sixth Edition of MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: AN INTRODUCTION continues to promote student understanding through clear and concise writing and familiar terminology that is not beyond student comprehension. Topics are organized and explained in an approachable manner, so that even instructors who do not have a strong materials background can teach from this user-friendly text. The text treats the important properties of the three primary types of materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) and composites, as well as the relationships that exist between the structural elements of materials and their properties. Throughout, the emphasis is on mechanical behavior and failure, including techniques that are employed to improve performance. Individual chapters discuss corrosion, electrical, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties, as well as new and cutting-edge materials.
The Natural Sampling of Airborne Trace Signals from Explosives Concealed upon the Human Body (2001)

An experimental study of the natural sampling of trace signals from explosives concealed upon the human body was performed by taking proper account of the thermal behavior of the air surrounding the human body and the particles therein. Experiments were conducted in a dispersal chamber to identify variables affecting the detectibility of concealed RDX and TNT patches. Movement by human volunteers was found to enhance the available explosive trace signal above a baseline level. Clothing blocked some of this movement-generated trace signal. The detected signal levels were also found to vary significantly from volunteer to volunteer, indicating that human variability is an issue in explosive trace detection. Further, under the conditions studied here, the detectibility of RDX and TNT was dependent upon the efficient sampling of contaminated particulate matter, not the vapor phase. The present results are now being applied to the design of a practical, nonintrusive trace detection portal for aviation security screening and related applications.
RNA Splicing Factors SRRM3 and SRRM4 Distinguish Molecular Phenotypes of Castration-Resistant Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (2021)

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an increasingly common clinical feature arising from cellular plasticity. We recently characterized two mCRPC phenotypes with NE features: androgen receptor (AR)-positive NE-positive amphicrine prostate cancer (AMPC) and AR-negative small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCNPC). Here, we interrogated the regulation of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes, and elucidated molecular programs driving AMPC and SCNPC biology. Analysis of prostate cancer cell lines, mCRPC specimens, and LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models detected alternative splicing of REST to REST4 and attenuated REST repressor activity in AMPC and SCNPC. The REST locus was also hypermethylated and REST expression was reduced in SCNPC. While serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 (SRRM4) was previously implicated in alternative splicing of REST in mCRPC, we detected SRRM3 expression in REST4-positive, SRRM4-negative AMPC, and SCNPC. In CRPC cell lines, SRRM3 induced alternative splicing of REST to REST4 and exacerbated the expression of REST-repressed genes. Furthermore, SRRM3 and SRRM4 expression defined molecular subsets of AMPC and SCNPC across species and tumor types. Two AMPC phenotypes and three SCNPC phenotypes were characterized, denoted either by REST attenuation and ASCL1 activity or by progressive activation of neuronal transcription factor programs, respectively. These results nominate SRRM3 as the principal REST splicing factor expressed in early NE differentiation and provide a framework to molecularly classify diverse NE phenotypes in mCRPC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies SRRM3 as a key inducer of cellular plasticity in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine features and delineates distinct neuroendocrine phenotypes to inform therapeutic development and precision medicine applications.