gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HL7 Clinical Document Architecture, Release 2 (2005)

Clinical Document Architecture, Release One (CDA R1), became an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-approved HL7 Standard in November 2000, representing the first specification derived from the Health Level 7 (HL7) Reference Information Model (RIM). CDA, Release Two (CDA R2), became an ANSI-approved HL7 Standard in May 2005 and is the subject of this article, where the focus is primarily on how the standard has evolved since CDA R1, particularly in the area of semantic representation of clinical events. CDA is a document markup standard that specifies the structure and semantics of a clinical document (such as a discharge summary or progress note) for the purpose of exchange. A CDA document is a defined and complete information object that can include text, images, sounds, and other multimedia content. It can be transferred within a message and can exist independently, outside the transferring message. CDA documents are encoded in Extensible Markup Language (XML), and they derive their machine processable meaning from the RIM, coupled with terminology. The CDA R2 model is richly expressive, enabling the formal representation of clinical statements (such as observations, medication administrations, and adverse events) such that they can be interpreted and acted upon by a computer. On the other hand, CDA R2 offers a low bar for adoption, providing a mechanism for simply wrapping a non-XML document with the CDA header or for creating a document with a structured header and sections containing only narrative content. The intent is to facilitate widespread adoption, while providing a mechanism for incremental semantic interoperability.
Turn customer input into innovation. (2002)

It's difficult to find a company these days that doesn't strive to be customer-driven. Too bad, then, that most companies go about the process of listening to customers all wrong--so wrong, in fact, that they undermine innovation and, ultimately, the bottom line. What usually happens is this: Companies ask their customers what they want. Customers offer solutions in the form of products or services. Companies then deliver these tangibles, and customers just don't buy. The reason is simple--customers aren't expert or informed enough to come up with solutions. That's what your R&D team is for. Rather, customers should be asked only for outcomes--what they want a new product or service to do for them. The form the solutions take should be up to you, and you alone. Using Cordis Corporation as an example, this article describes, in fine detail, a series of effective steps for capturing, analyzing, and utilizing customer input. First come indepth interviews, in which a moderator works with customers to deconstruct a process or activity in order to unearth "desired outcomes." Addressing participants' comments one at a time, the moderator rephrases them to be both unambiguous and measurable. Once the interviews are complete, researchers then compile a comprehensive list of outcomes that participants rank in order of importance and degree to which they are satisfied by existing products. Finally, using a simple mathematical formula called the "opportunity calculation," researchers can learn the relative attractiveness of key opportunity areas. These data can be used to uncover opportunities for product development, to properly segment markets, and to conduct competitive analysis.
Presence of HIF-1 and related genes in normal mucosa, adenomas and carcinomas of the colorectum (2008)

Expression of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which plays a key role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia, was investigated in normal colorectal mucosa (ten), adenomas (61), and carcinomas (23). Tissue samples were analyzed for HIF-1 alpha, its upstream regulators, von Hippel-Lindau factor, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), carbonic anhydrase IX, stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) by immunohistochemistry. In normal colorectal mucosa, HIF-1 alpha was observed in almost all nuclei of surface epithelial cells, probably secondary to a gradient of oxygenation, as indicated by pimonidazole staining. The same staining pattern was present in 87% of adenomas. In carcinomas, HIF-1 alpha was present predominantly around areas of necrosis (78%). Active AKT and mTOR, were present in all adenomas, carcinomas, and in normal colorectal mucosa. GLUT1 and SDF-1 were present in the normal surface epithelium of all adenoma cases, whereas in the carcinoma GLUT1 was located around necrotic regions and SDF-1 was present in all epithelial cells. In conclusion, HIF-1 alpha appears to be physiologically expressed in the upper part of the colorectal mucosa. The present observations support that upregulation of HIF-1 alpha and its downstream targets GLUT1 and SDF-1 in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas may be due to hypoxia, in close interaction with an active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases-AKT-mTOR pathway.
Systematic comparison between methods for the detection of influential spreaders in complex networks (2019)

Influence maximization is the problem of finding the set of nodes of a network that maximizes the size of the outbreak of a spreading process occurring on the network. Solutions to this problem are important for strategic decisions in marketing and political campaigns. The typical setting consists in the identification of small sets of initial spreaders in very large networks. This setting makes the optimization problem computationally infeasible for standard greedy optimization algorithms that account simultaneously for information about network topology and spreading dynamics, leaving space only to heuristic methods based on the drastic approximation of relying on the geometry of the network alone. The literature on the subject is plenty of purely topological methods for the identification of influential spreaders in networks. However, it is unclear how far these methods are from being optimal. Here, we perform a systematic test of the performance of a multitude of heuristic methods for the identification of influential spreaders. We quantify the performance of the various methods on a corpus of 100 real-world networks; the corpus consists of networks small enough for the application of greedy optimization so that results from this algorithm are used as the baseline needed for the analysis of the performance of the other methods on the same corpus of networks. We find that relatively simple network metrics, such as adaptive degree or closeness centralities, are able to achieve performances very close to the baseline value, thus providing good support for the use of these metrics in large-scale problem settings. Also, we show that a further 2-5% improvement towards the baseline performance is achievable by hybrid algorithms that combine two or more topological metrics together. This final result is validated on a small collection of large graphs where greedy optimization is not applicable.
Control-minislot first-come first-serve protocol (2002)

A new protocol for a random access channel is proposed and evaluated. The channel is divided into a control subchannel, which is used to resolve conflicts between users, and a data subchannel, which is used to transmit the data. The protocol used to resolve conflicts is the best performance splitting protocol designed so far: Gallager's first-come first-serve algorithm. The proposed protocol achieves an optimum performance in throughput and a very good performance in delay.
Decoupled control of posture and trajectory of the hybrid wheel-legged robot hylos (2004)

This paper addresses the control of a hybrid wheel-legged system evolving on rough terrain. First, the posture and trajectory parameters are introduced. Then, a decoupled posture and trajectory control algorithm based on the velocity model of the robot is proposed. Last, the performance and feasibility of the control algorithm are evaluated through simulations and experiments with the Hylos robot.
The Right Ventricular Outflow Tract as an Alternative Permanent Pacing Site: Long‐Term Follow‐Up (1991)

The long-term characteristics of the right ventricular outflow tract have been assessed as an alternative permanent pacing site to the right ventricular apex. Thirty-three consecutive patients requiring ventricular pacing were randomized to be paced from one of the two sites. Pacing was performed using a screw-in lead, and a programmable pacemaker was used to facilitate threshold testing. There was no significant difference in the lead positioning time or any acute implant measurement (e.g., threshold at 0.5 msec 0.4 +/- 0.2 V for both sites, P = 0.99). Chronic measurements were also comparable during follow-up (mean 73 months) with a mean threshold at most recent follow-up of 0.15 +/- 0.2 msec (apex) and 0.13 +/- 0.21 msec (outflow tract) at 5 V, P = 0.81. There was only one pacing related complication, a lead dislodgment (outflow tract) in a pacemaker twiddler. Overall, both sites were highly satisfactory.
Biodegradation of poly(tetramethylene succinate-cotetramethylene abdicate) and poly(tetramethylene succinate) through water-soluble products (2001)

Poly(tetramethylene succinate-co-tetramethylene adipate) (PBSA) and poly(tetramethylenesuccinate) (PBS) were hydrolyzed experimentally into water-soluble oligomers and monomers by Chromobacterium extracellular lipase. The oligomers were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, which indicated that a total of 28 oligomer species were liberated from PBSA, and that 13 of them were identical to the hydrolysates from PBS. Moreover, 20 of the species were polyester-based compounds of monomer units, and the other 8 species were small amounts of diurethane compounds. Bis(hydroxybutyl) succinate (BSB) and bis(hydroxybutyl) hexamethylene dicarbamate (BHB) were the typical oligomers and were chemically synthesized. Biodegradability of BSB and BHB was examined for 28 d in the activated sludge, and analysis of the results of this study indicated that the final conversion rate of constituent carbon to carbon dioxide was estimated at 80 mol% for BSB and 10 mol% for BHB. The remaining amount of carbon in the undegraded BHB was 20 mol%. In the presence of BSB, the biodegradability of BHB was increased by about 1.5 times. The suggestion was made that BSB induced a growth of microorganisms and helped BHB degradation. This is consistent with the observation that the biodegradation of BHB in native soil for 60 d reached > 60%.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pharmacological ascorbate-induced iron redox state as a biomarker in subjects undergoing radio-chemotherapy (2020)

Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH<sup>-</sup>) combined with standard of care (SOC) radiation and temozolomide is being evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02344355) in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Previously published data demonstrated that paramagnetic iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) catalyzes ascorbate's oxidation to form diamagnetic iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>). Because paramagnetic Fe<sup>3+</sup> may influence relaxation times observed in MR imaging, quantitative MR imaging of P-AscH<sup>-</sup>-induced changes in redox-active Fe was assessed as a biomarker for therapy response. Gel phantoms containing either Fe<sup>3+</sup> or Fe<sup>2+</sup> were imaged with T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Fifteen subjects receiving P-AscH<sup>-</sup> plus SOC underwent T2* and QSM imaging four weeks into treatment. Subjects were scanned: pre-P-AscH<sup>-</sup> infusion, post-P-AscH<sup>-</sup> infusion, and post-radiation (3-4 h between scans). Changes in T2* and QSM relaxation times in tumor and normal tissue were calculated and compared to changes in Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> gel phantoms. A GBM mouse model was used to study the relationship between the imaging findings and the labile iron pool. Phantoms containing Fe<sup>3+</sup> demonstrated detectable changes in T2* and QSM relaxation times relative to Fe<sup>2+</sup> phantoms. Compared to pre-P-AscH<sup>-</sup>, GBM T2* and QSM imaging were significantly changed post-P-AscH<sup>-</sup> infusion consistent with conversion of Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup>. No significant changes in T2* or QSM were observed in normal brain tissue. There was moderate concordance between T2* and QSM changes in both progression free survival and overall survival. The GBM mouse model showed similar results with P-AscH<sup>-</sup> inducing greater changes in tumor labile iron pools compared to the normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: T2* and QSM MR-imaging responses are consistent with P-AscH<sup>-</sup> reducing Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup>, selectively in GBM tumor volumes and represent a potential biomarker of response. This study is the first application using MR imaging in humans to measure P-AscH<sup>-</sup>-induced changes in redox-active iron.
[Primary skin lymphomas: phenotypic characteristics of major clinical variants, classification]. (1998)

Clinicomorphological characteristics of the most frequent forms of primary malignant skin lymphoma are given and their place in classifications of systemic diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue is shown. The use of specialized dermatological classification in practice of dermatologists is recommended.
Serotonin in anxiety: evidence from animal models (1991)

Abstract Benzodiazepines have been shown since the early 1970s to cause some reduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) turnover, but in view of similar effects on other neurotransmitters these results did not generate any major interest in serotonin as a transmitter in anxiety. The probability of a close link between serotonin and anxiety was highlighted by the demonstration of the anxiolytic properties of buspirone. Buspirone has a variety of pharmacological activities involving serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine, but its anticonflict properties are lost after serotonergic lesion, suggesting the importance of serotonin in anxiety. The anxiolytic activity in man of two close derivatives of buspirone, gepirone and ipsapirone, both of which lack the dopaminergic component of buspirone, further implicated serotonin in the control of anxiety.
Last Things (2020)

Last Things Stephen Browning (bio) What will you write about your final day?On that last page the words require truth's grain. What use is one more journey's destination?The sweet surprises of another day? What, when the great fire roars through your home?What, when the earth's fault slips with its sundering? What passion can you kindle to survive them?No, no, none will stand you in much stead. You're here for a time, and time is—what it is.Write this: Five senses are all we have of the world. Relinquishment may be the only story. [End Page 34] Stephen Browning Stephen Browning's poetry has appeared in Michigan Quarterly Review, Poetry Northwest, The Southern Review, and others. This is his second appearance in Ploughshares. He was awarded a Wallace Stegner Fellowship in poetry at Stanford University. A book of his botanical poetry, Hunger for Light, was published by the Fithian Press (2015). Copyright © 2019 Emerson College
Tandem Diels—Alder Cyclization/Aromatization Reactions of 5‐Vinyl‐1‐acyl‐2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐pyridones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The use of balanced filters in x-ray diffraction (1967)

The method of 'balanced filters' has gained in importance of late years.In this article several topics concerning this technique are discussed: firstly, the preferred thickness is given; secondly, the special difficulties that can be caused by incoherently scattered x rays are discussed; thirdly the method of eliminating fluorescence radiation by means of balanced filters is discussed.
IN VITRO TRANSLATION OF POLY(A)RNAs FROM DIFFERENT BRAIN STRUCTURES AFTER CORTISOL TREATMENT (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 IN VITRO TRANSLATION OF POLY(A)RNAs FROM DIFFERENT BRAIN STRUCTURES AFTER CORTISOL TREATMENT Selma Kanazir; Selma Kanazir 1Inst. for Biolg. Res. and Med. school, Belgrade, YUGOSLAVIA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. Ruždijić; S. Ruždijić 1Inst. for Biolg. Res. and Med. school, Belgrade, YUGOSLAVIA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Mileusnić; R. Mileusnić 1Inst. for Biolg. Res. and Med. school, Belgrade, YUGOSLAVIA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Lj. Rakić Lj. Rakić 1Inst. for Biolg. Res. and Med. school, Belgrade, YUGOSLAVIA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 189P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009189p Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Selma Kanazir, S. Ruždijić, R. Mileusnić, Lj. Rakić; IN VITRO TRANSLATION OF POLY(A)RNAs FROM DIFFERENT BRAIN STRUCTURES AFTER CORTISOL TREATMENT. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 189P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009189p Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Designing a Remedial Acid Treatment for Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Turbidite Sands Containing Zeolite Cement (1998)

Abstract Ewing Bank 873 Field, developed from mid 1994 through 1995, produces from deepwater turbidite sands at an average depth of 11,000 TVD. Water depth at the platform is 775. In early 1996, pressure transient analysis of bottom hole pressure build-up surveys indicated increasing skins. Before pumping any type of remedial stimulation treatment, it was decided to test the recommended acid formulation in the lab. Acid corefloods were performed on composite samples from whole core using a typical 10% HCl/l .5% HF formulation. This acid formulation proved to be damaging as lab results indicated losses in permeability of up to 74%. A series of core floods were then performed on composite core samples to test the effects of various mud acid formulations, pre-flushes, post-flushes and acid additives. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were also performed to help in determining the cause and mechanism of the damage. Results indicated that the loss in permeability was associated with acid additives which were causing fines migration and with silica gels precipitated as a result of the aggressive reaction of HCl with zeolite (clinoptilolite) within the formation. An optimum treatment formulation was identified, consisting of 10% Citric/1.5% HF acid, with no additives except corrosion inhibitor. This treatment was successfully applied in the field to five producing wells. Aggregate rate increased from 7400 BOPD to 16,000 BOPD and productivity index (PI) increased from 4.78 to 12.73 BOPD/psi of drawdown. P. 693
Expression of Prolactin-Related Hormones in the Early Bovine Conceptus, and Potential for Paracrine Effect on the Endometrium* (1991)

Hormones related to the pituitary hormones PRL and GH are produced by the utero-placental unit of many species. In the cow, these include bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and a distantly related subfamily including the protein encoded by bovine PRL-related complementary DNA I (bPRCI). In the present studies, we defined the onset of expression of these genes in order to begin to study the regulation of their expression and function before implantation. Messenger RNA levels of both bPL and bPRCI were assessed by dot blot analysis of total RNAs prepared from conceptuses on days 15-25. Specific transcripts were not detectable at day 15 but were readily apparent beginning at day 17. To define the portions of the placenta responsible for expressing these genes, RNA was prepared from chorion (separated into cotyledons and intercotyledonary membrane), allantois, and amnion from day 58 gestation and analyzed by Northern hybridization. Transcripts for both these hormones were confined to the chorion, with intercotyledonary RNA containing at least as much as that prepared from cotyledons. To localize the product of these genes, extraembryonic membranes were immunostained with bPL and bPRCI antisera. Mononucleated trophoblastic cells stained for bPL and bPRCI at day 18; similar staining was apparent at days 23 and 24, as well as in some but not all binucleated cells. Microsomes prepared from endometrium exhibited specific binding of bPL throughout pregnancy as well as during the luteal phase of the cycle. At midgestation, these high affinity, low capacity receptors (dissociation constant of 1.27 x 10(-10) M, maximum binding capacity of 44.2 fmol/mg protein) demonstrated a selective affinity for bPL in preference to bGH and bPRL. Using this radioreceptor assay, we demonstrated the presence of bPL at nanomolar concentrations in washings from the uterine lumen, suggesting that bPL may exert paracrine effects on the endometrium.
Multiple‐Hour‐Ahead Forecast of the Dst Index Using a Combination of Long Short‐Term Memory Neural Network and Gaussian Process (2018)

Abstract In this study, we present a method that combines a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network with a Gaussian process (GP) model to provide up to 6‐hr‐ahead probabilistic forecasts of the Dst geomagnetic index. The proposed approach brings together the sequence modeling capabilities of a recurrent neural network with the error bars and confidence bounds provided by a GP. Our model is trained using the hourly OMNI and Global Positioning System (GPS) databases, both of which are publicly available. We first develop a LSTM network to get a single‐point prediction of Dst. This model yields great accuracy in forecasting the Dst index from 1 to 6 hr ahead, with a correlation coefficient always higher than 0.873 and a root‐mean‐square error lower than 9.86. However, even if global metrics show excellent performance, it remains poor in predicting intense storms (Dst &lt; −250 nT) 6 hr in advance. To improve it and to obtain probabilistic forecasts, we combine the LSTM model obtained with a GP and evaluate the hybrid predictor using the receiver operating characteristic curve and the reliability diagram. We conclude that this hybrid methodology provides improvements in the forecast of geomagnetic storms, from 1 to 6 hr ahead.
Shear Wave Imaging of the heart using a cardiac phased array with coherent spatial compound (2012)

The concept of coherent compound for diverging waves is proposed to make Shear Wave Imaging at very high frame rate (up to 4000 images/sec) with a conventional cardiac phased array probe non invasively in a beating human heart. The first goal of this study was to demonstrate the improvement of the imaging performances based on spatial coherent compound with diverging wave. We show here that this technique allows tracking the shear waves with a good temporal resolution and a good signal to noise ratio which leads to a precise estimation of the local medium stiffness. The amelioration is quantified in gel and pig heart. Finally, the feasibility of this technique in vivo in a human heart is shown and shear wave velocity during diastole is estimated in the anterior wall of the left ventricle.