gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EnsembleDAgger: A Bayesian Approach to Safe Imitation Learning (2019)

Although imitation learning is often used in robotics, the approach frequently suffers from data mismatch and compounding errors. DAgger is an iterative algorithm that addresses these issues by aggregating training data from both the expert and novice policies, but does not consider the impact of safety. We present a probabilistic extension to DAgger, which attempts to quantity the confidence of the novice policy as a proxy for safety. Our method, EnsembleDAgger, approximates a Gaussian Process using an ensemble of neural networks. Using the variance as a measure of confidence, we compute a decision rule that captures how much we doubt the novice, thus determining when it is safe to allow the novice to act. With this approach, we aim to maximize the novice's share of actions, while constraining the probability of failure. We demonstrate improved safety and learning performance compared to other DAgger variants and classic imitation learning on an inverted pendulum and in the MuJoCo HalfCheetah environment.
Energy-Efficient Joint Source and Relay Precoding for Two-Hop MIMO-AF Two-Relay Networks (2018)

This paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency of two-hop multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) systems having two relays (in parallel) by relying on optimisation theory. Although the joint optimisation of the source and relays precoding structures is non-convex by nature, we first formulate the energy consumption of the system as an optimisation function and prove that the latter is unimodal when the source and/or relay precoding matrices are known. In turn, we derive an optimal source and robust relays precoding structures; joint optimisation of the source and relays precoding matrices is then performed via an iterative process. Simulation results show that our novel approach can reduce the energy consumption of two-hop MIMO-AF systems by up to 30% when compared to the most relevant existing approaches.
EXPERIMENTAL BCAS PERFORMANCE RESULTS (1978)

The results of the (Litchford) Beacon-based Collision Avoidance System concept feasibility evaluation are reported. Included are a description of the concept, analysis and flight test results. The system concept is based on the range and bearing measurements for detecting and resolving a threat. The experimental hardware, developed under Contract No. DOT-TSC-1103, Task 1-8, did not implement the automatic radar selection and lock-on mode and the capability to compute target range and bearing in real time which the concept requires. These enhancements are currently being implemented. All three generic modes of the BCAS were evaluated. These are: the passive (listen-in), the active (interrogate by on-board transmitter), and the combined (active-passive). Also, reported are results are results of the comprehensive in-house study effort conducted on the azimuth signal requirements and on single-site feasibility. It is concluded that the BCAS is a technically feasible concept and that the passive mode with an azimuth reference signal would be more accurate and less troublesome than other BCAS alternatives. For each operating mode there are geometries in which system performance fails or is degraded to some degree. System reliability may therefore require the implementation of various operating modes. (Author)
Not ready for prime time: Intermittent versus partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta for prolonged hemorrhage control in a highly lethal porcine injury model (2019)

Compared with iREBOA, pREBOA reduced the time spent at full occlusion and the number of precipitous drops in proximal mean arterial pressure while delivering more distal aortic flow but not increasing total blood loss in this highly lethal injury model. Neither technique demonstrated a survival benefit. Further refinement of these techniques is necessary before clinical guidelines are issued.
Eotaxin-3 (CCL26) exerts innate host defense activities that are modulated by mast cell proteases (2014)

Taken together, the findings show that the eotaxins can contribute to host defense against common airway pathogens and that their activities are modulated by mast cell proteases.
Computer science: the science of and about information and computation (2002)

New computing paradigms present serious challenges for system architecture.
Additional copies of a 25 Mb chromosomal region originating from 17q23.1-17qter are present in 90% of high-grade neuroblastomas (1996)

Neuroblastoma shows remarkable heterogeneity, ranging from spontaneous regression to progression toward highly malignant tumors. In search of genetic abnormalities that could explain this variability, we have characterized neuroblastoma tumors by using multiple fluorescent hybridizations. Our results indicate that chromosome 17 is rearranged very frequently in the form of unbalanced translocations with numerous chromosomal partners, all leading to the presence of supernumerary copies of a 25 Mb chromosomal region originating from 17q23.1-qter. Additional 17q material was detected in more than 90% of untreated high-grade neuroblastomas and, along with 1p36 deletion, should represent the most frequent genetic abnormality of neuroblastoma observed until now.
The Comparative Influence of Prophylactic Antibiotics on the Prothrombin Response to Warfarin in the Postoperative Prosthetic Cardiac Valve Patient Cefamandole, Cefazolin, Vancomycin (1987)

A prospective randomized trial was conducted comparing the effect of three antibiotics: cefamandole (CM), cefazolin (CZ), and vancomycin (V), used as prophylaxis for prosthetic valve surgery, on the prothrombin (PT) response to warfarin (W) on the third day of anticoagulant therapy. Twenty patients, with normal preoperative PTs, were randomized to each antibiotic. Their PTs were not significantly different at 2 hours after operation and the morning before W was begun. The three groups received similar W doses for 2 days, and the PT, as percentage of activity, on the morning of the third day demonstrated that V (51 +/- 18%) was significantly greater (p less than 0.005) than CM (29 +/- 14%) or CZ (38 +/- 18%). CM had a significantly greater percentage of change in PT (64 +/- 14%, p less than 0.0001) from the first to third day than either CZ (51.1 +/- 18%) or V (44.6 +/- 19%). CM also had a greater number of patients (6) with PTs greater than or equal to 30 seconds on day 3 than either CZ (1) or V (1). The antibiotic influence on the PT response to W in this study is ranked as CM greater than CZ greater than V.
Learn from experience: Probabilistic prediction of perception performance to avoid failure (2017)

Despite significant advances in machine learning and perception over the past few decades, perception algorithms can still be unreliable when deployed in challenging time-varying environments. When these systems are used for autonomous decision-making, such as in self-driving vehicles, the impact of their mistakes can be catastrophic. As such, it is important to characterize the performance of the system and predict when and where it may fail in order to take appropriate action. While similar in spirit to the idea of introspection, this work introduces a new paradigm for predicting the likely performance of a robot’s perception system based on past experience in the same workspace. In particular, we propose two models that probabilistically predict perception performance from observations gathered over time. While both approaches are place-specific, the second approach additionally considers appearance similarity when incorporating past observations. We evaluate our method in a classical decision-making scenario in which the robot must choose when and where to drive autonomously in 60km of driving data from an urban environment. Results demonstrate that both approaches lead to fewer false decisions (in terms of incorrectly offering or denying autonomy) for two different detector models, and show that leveraging visual appearance within a state-of-the-art navigation framework increases the accuracy of our performance predictions.
Foreword to the Special Issue on Quantum Radar—Part 2 (2020)

The articles in this special issue focus on the applications supported by quantum radar. QUANTUM physics has had a large impact on our everyday life. Relevant examples range from transistors and Monolithic microwave-integrated circuit, or MMIC,1 that make most of our technological society, as well as to nuclear energy, and to the science of materials. Some of these technologies have met with indisputable success while others have not proven to be useful to date. It should be remembered that the idea of a clean energy coming from nuclear fusion is an unfulfilled promise: such technologies have always involved a change of paradigm that made them quite different from known expectations. Note that Von Neumann machines, the foundations of our computers, are based on hardware made from quantum mechanics effects but they are otherwise easy to understand. A quantum computer is a rather different object and not so easy to comprehend unless an extensive knowledge of quantum physics is achieved. The same applies to the quantum radar (QR), the main topic of this special issue, which is quite different from a classical radar, both in terms of the working principles and the kind of hardware to realize it. The today’s radars are based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves of the classical (nonquantum) physics. The QR promises to be a radical change. It should be said that we are yet at a pioneering stage and we cannot be certain yet if a goal will be achieved nor in what form we will see it, though, R&D is progressing.
Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidine Derivatives from (S)-Pyroglutamic Acid. I: 7-Substituted (2R,5S)-2-Aryl-1-aza-3-oxabicyclo(3.3.0)octan-8-ones, 7-Substituted (2R,5S)-2-Aryl-1-aza-3-oxabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-6-en-8-ones and 3-Substituted (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinones. (1995)

The following chiral pyrrolidine derivatives, 7-substituted (2R, 5S)-2-aryl-1-aza-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-8-ones(18-24), 7-substituted (2R, 5S)-2-aryl-1-aza-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-8-ones (25-29) and 3-substituted (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinones (30-34), were synthesized starting from (S)-pyroglutamic acid and their absolute configurations were determined based on their 1H-NMR spectra.
First-Order Transition between Weak and Strong Pinning in Clean Superconductors with Enhanced Spin Susceptibility (1996)

Dilatometric and magnetic experiments on high-quality single crystals of the superconducting compounds UP${\mathrm{d}}_{2}$A${\mathrm{l}}_{3}$ and CeR${\mathrm{u}}_{2}$, which have enhanced spin susceptibilities, demonstrate a first-order transition between weak and strong pinning at $T&lt;{0.9T}_{c}$ ( $H&gt;10$ kOe). This is compatible with a staggered order parameter due to the formation of a ``Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov'' state.
The Effect of Air Flow on Measured Heat Transport through Wall Cavity Insulation (2007)

Abstract The methods commonly used for determining the thermal resistance of insulations in wall cavities do not include the effect of air movement through the insulation. Contributions to the total building heating or cooling load include the change in enthalpy of air moving through an insulation and the heat flux through the insulation due to the imposed thermal gradient. The two effects are not independent since the air movement affects the temperature distribution in the insulation. A heat-flow-meter apparatus meeting the requirements of the Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus ASTM C 518 has been configured to allow uniform air flow across thermal test specimens. The air flow is parallel to the heat flow direction. Air is introduced into the specimen chamber of the heat-flow-meter apparatus from an external source. The heat-flow-meter with controlled air flow has been used to determine total heat-flow rates as a function of air-flow rate, air-flow direction, and temperature for commonly used wall cavity insulation.
Fabrication of multilayered thin films via spin-assembly (2023)

An process of forming multilayer thin film heterostructures is disclosed and includes applying a solution including a first water-soluble polymer from the group of polyanionic species, polycationic species and uncharged polymer species onto a substrate to form a first coating layer on the substrate, drying the first coating layer on the substrate, applying a solution including a second water-soluble polymer from the group of polyanionic species, polycationic species and uncharged polymer species onto the substrate having the first coating layer to form a second coating layer on the first coating layer wherein the second water-soluble polymer is of a different material than the first water-soluble polymer, and drying the second coating layer on the first coating layer so as to form a bilayer structure on the substrate. Optionally, one or more additional applying and drying sequences can be repeated with a water-soluble polymer from the group of polyanionic species, polycationic species and uncharged polymer species, so that a predetermined plurality of layers are built up upon the substrate.
Effects of Indoleacetic Acid and Kinetin on Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Various Rat Tissues (2002)

This study was carried out to investigate whether plant growth regulators (PGRs) could affect lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde = MDA level) in erythrocyte, muscle, liver, heart and kidney tissue. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three experimental groups: control and PGR-treated (indoleacetic acid and kinetin). Seventy-five ppm of PGRs, indoleacetic acid (IAA), and kinetin were administered orally to 6 rats ad libitum for 25 days. The hormone treatments caused different effects on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) to those of the control rats. According to the results, while liver and kidney MDA levels were increased significantly by IAA administration in rats, kinetin did not affect the MDA levels in erythrocyte and other tissues. It was concluded that IAA might affect lipid peroxidation in animals at subacute treatment.
Processing-structure relationship in open die hot forged W-Hf-Ti (1996)

The processing-structure relationship in a series of presintered W-Hf-Ti alloys open die hot forged at 1,300--1,350 C has been examined. The alloys were prepared with W levels varying from 60--95 wt% while keeping the Hf/Ti ratio constant at 1:3. The alloys were fabricated from elemental powders by mechanical mixing, cold isostatic pressing and sintering at 1,500 C before open die hot forging. Other alloy compositions within this W range were also produced to determine if altering the Hf and Ti ratio to 1:2 and 1:1 had any effect on the microstructures produced after hot forging. Microstructural observations using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the structures were composed of a complex mixture of 3 microconstituents in the high-W containing alloys. W grains were typically surrounded by a thin layer composed of a less W-rich phase containing some Ti. It appeared as if this less W-rich layer (in several of the compositions) isolated the W particles from each other. Interspersed among these W-rich phases was a Ti-rich phase which contained a very fine dispersion of W-rich particles. X-ray diffraction experiments confirmed that a W solid solution and a Ti solid solution were present in each alloy. In addition, W{submore » 2}Hf was detected in the alloys that had a Hf/Ti ratio of 1:2 and 1:1.« less
Preparation of 9‐Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐N‐Oxyl (ABNO) (2023)

Abstract This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of 9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐N‐oxyl (ABNO). ABNO is an effective catalyst for aerobic oxidation of alcohols to ketones and aldehydes. This type of oxidation is particularly attractive for large scale preparations because of the potential to reduce cost and minimize waste. The chapter presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
High-Speed Nitrification Process Using PVA Carrier and Analysis of Biofilm Using Next-Generation Sequencing (2015)

PVA担体に活性汚泥由来の生物膜を形成させ，この担体を用いたNH4－N 400 mg/lを含有する無機合成廃水の硝化連続処理運転を行い，硝化速度に及ぼす負荷と水温の影響について検討した。負荷0.56―1.20 kg－N/m3/dayで亜硝酸型の硝化反応を示し処理水NH4－N 1.0 mg/l以下を得た。その後，負荷を増大させた結果，亜硝酸型と硝酸型が混在する硝化が継続し最大硝化速度1.95 kg－N/m3/dayを得，高速処理運転を達成した。この担体の温度特性を回分実験で検討した結果，アンモニア酸化反応における活性化エネルギーとして77.9 kJ/molを得た。この値は包括固定化法とほぼ同等であった。この担体についてアンモニア酸化細菌遺伝子amoAとNitrobacter属遺伝子norBを標的としたリアルタイムPCR解析を行った。硝化速度1.61 kg－N/m3/dayのとき，amoAのコピー数は2.08×1011コピー/g－担体，norBは6.04×1010コピー/g－担体を得た。また次世代アンプリコンシーケンス解析の結果，リード数23,848のうち25％がNitrosomonadaceae科である事を明らかにできた。
Should We Re-think Regulations and Standards for Lighting at Workplaces? A Practice Review on Existing Lighting Recommendations (2021)

Nowadays lighting projects often include temporal variations of the light, both spectrally and in terms of intensity to consider non-visual effects of light on people. However, as of today there are no specific regulations. Compliance with common lighting standards that address visual aspects of light, often means that only little non-visually effective light reaches the eye. In this practice review we confront existing regulations and standards on visual lighting aspects with new recommendations on non-visual aspects and highlight conflicts among them. We conclude with lighting recommendations that address both aspects.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Reduction of Nitrite and Nitrate to Ammonia Using Thin‐Film B‐Doped Diamond Electrodes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Photodeposited Gold Particles in Porous Sol-Gel Silicates (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Photodeposited Gold Particles in Porous Sol-Gel SilicatesFatemeh Akbarian, Bruce S. Dunn, and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 12, 3892–3894Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100012a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100012a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Images, anisotropy, multiples, and more from an unconventional 3D VSP (2013)

3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) data offer far more than just the opportunity to generate images. The 3D VSP geometry offers a rich data set suitable for examining many issues faced by interpreters and processors of geophysical data. In-situ measurements of velocity, anisotropy, Q, multiple generators, stress, and fracture orientation are all possible. This is in addition to the basic products provided by 3D VSP, namely high-resolution images of the subsurface.
A reliable and manufacturable method to induce a stress of >1 GPa on a P-channel MOSFET in high volume manufacturing (2006)

This letter discusses a reliable and manufacturable integration technique to induce greater than 1 GPa of stress into a p-channel MOSFET, which will be required to increase the drive current beyond 1 mA/μm at the sub-90-nm process generation. Uniaxial compressive stress is introduced into the p-channel by both a selective deposition of SiGe in the source/drain and an engineered 2.5-GPa compressively stressed nitride. The highest to date compressively stressed SiN film is obtained by heavy ion bombardment during the deposition of the film.
Abstract PD15-04: Trop-2 inactivation of E-cadherin drives triple negative breast cancer relapse (2021)

Abstract Hundreds of proteins/genes have been linked to the metastatic phenotype. However, consistent markers of tumour aggressiveness and metastatic potential in breast cancer patients were not identified, not even including proteomic analysis and large-scale genome sequencing.Metastasis-associated genes were predicted to include not only drivers of the metastatic phenotype, but also secondary events, together with adaptive, counterbalancing changes. Thus, to identify candidates with a required role in metastatic diffusion, we looked for genes that were concordantly dysregulated across orthogonal cancer metastasis settings. This led us to identify Trop-2 as uniquely upregulated and associated to metastasis in experimental models of breast cancer, as well as in other solid tumors. We identified functional inactivation of E-cadherin by Trop-2 as the main motor of metastatic diffusion of such metastatic systems. Trop-2 binding to E-cadherin inactivated its cell-cell adhesion function, through release from the cytoskeleton, for activation of β-catenin transcriptional activity. This led to anti-apoptotic signaling, increased cell migration capacity and enhanced cancer cell survival. We showed that this mechanism led to metastatic diffusion of xenotransplants growing in immunosuppressed mice. An E-cadherin-inactivation metastasis program was then shown to be recapitulated in breast cancer patients, as well as in other solid tumors, over 24 independent case series, encompassing 13,042 primary tumours. Aggressive triple-negative breast cancers were shown to be driven toward global relapse by Trop-2 overexpression, through E-cadherin inactivation and activation of β-catenin transcriptional activity. No disease recurrence was observed in control cases over +12 years of follow-up. These finding lead to a novel paradigm of a Trop-2-driven, E-cadherin-inactivation program as a main metastasis driver in solid tumors. This may open far-reaching perspectives in diagnostic procedures and anti-cancer therapies. Citation Format: Saverio Alberti, Marco Trerotola, Valeria Relli, Rossano Lattanzio, Martina Ceci, Khouloud Boujnah, Valeria Garbo, Antonino Moschella, Patrizia Querzoli, Massimo Pedriali, Laura Antolini, Emanuela Guerra. Trop-2 inactivation of E-cadherin drives triple negative breast cancer relapse [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD15-04.