gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histology of the stomach of Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758) from the River Nile (1991)

The histology of the stomach of Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus) collected from the R. Nile (Ismailia fork in Egypt) was examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed that the gastric wall is composed of several tunicae: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The tunica mucosa is thrown up into a number of high longitudinal folds projecting into a lumen which is stellate in cross‐section when empty. The mucosal surface has a mosaic appearance due to the hexagonal borders of the surface epithelial cells. The latter cells are characterized by the presence of a juxtanuclear vacuole and a PAS‐positive brush border made of microvilli. Gastric pits (foveolae) are present as invaginations of the mucosal surface. The foveolar epithelium secretes neutral and acid mucins. Simple, straight, tubular unbranched gastric glands occupy most of the depth of the mucosa, and are lined with a single type of cell which has eosinophilic granules. Gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (mainly lymphocytes, macrophages and eosinophilic granulocytes) is concentrated on the sides of the lamina muscularis mucosa and especially in the cores of the mucosal folds. The muscular coat consists of two or three layers entirely made up of smooth muscle cells.
Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Guest‐Induced Distortions in a Supramolecular Organometallic Metallosquare (2021)

The encapsulation of the tetracationic palladium metallosquare with four pyrene-bis-imidazolylidene ligands [1]<sup>4+</sup> with a series of organic molecules was studied by Electrospray ionization Travelling Wave Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry (ESI TWIM-MS). The method allowed to determine the Collision Cross Sections (CCSs), which were used to assess the size changes experienced by the host upon encapsulation of the guest molecules. When fullerenes were used as guests, the host is expanded ΔCCS 13 Å<sup>2</sup> and 23 Å<sup>2</sup> , for C<sub>60</sub> or C<sub>70</sub> , respectively. The metallorectangle [1]<sup>4+</sup> was also used for the encapsulation of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI), to form complexes of formula [(NTCDI)<sub>2</sub> (PAH)@1]<sup>4+</sup> . For these host:guest adducts, the ESI IM-MS studies revealed that [1]<sup>4+</sup> is expanded by 47-49 Å<sup>2</sup> .. The energy-minimized structures of [1]<sup>4+</sup> , [C<sub>60</sub> @1]<sup>4+</sup> , [C<sub>70</sub> @1]<sup>4+</sup> , [(NTCDI)<sub>2</sub> (corannulene)@1]<sup>4+</sup> in the gas phase were obtained by DFT calculations.Introduction.
Quadtree region representation in cartography: Experimental results (1983)

Results of a study are summarized in which quadtrees were used to encode the regions in three map overlays representing a small area in northern California. Programs were then written to perform various analysis and manipulation tasks on the quadtree-encoded regions. Data is provided on the compactness of the encodings and the efficiency of the programs.
ONERA activities on high-lift devices for transport aircraft (1995)

Abstract High-lift systems have to provide adequate low speed performance in terms of takeoff and landing lengths, approach speed, climb rate and community noise. Even if the performance of these systems has been continuously improved during the years, there are still some possibilities for further improvements. ONERA has been involved for a long time in research on high-lift systems for transport aircraft. This research has provided valuable results in the following areas: ● The knowledge of the dominant flow processes involved for 2D and 3D geometries. In particular the stall mechanism, Reynolds and Mach number effects as well as sweep effects have been studied by performing detailed experiments. ● The development of 2D analysis and design codes which have been extensively calibrated with experimental data and are used with confidence for practical applications. ● The design and testing of various high-lift systems which provide manufacturers with data for their own designs. The paper summarises these activities and presents some typical results. Future trends for research on high-lift systems at ONERA are also given.
A model for compound type changes encountered in schema evolution (2000)

Schema evolution is a problem that is faced by long-lived data. When a schema changes, existing persistent data can become inaccessible unless the database system provides mechanisms to access data created with previous versions of the schema. Most existing systems that support schema evolution focus on changes local to individual types within the schema, thereby limiting the changes that the database maintainer can perform. We have developed a model of type changes involving multiple types. The model describes both type changes and their impact on data by defining derivation rules to initialize new data based on the existing data. The derivation rules can describe local and nonlocal changes to types to capture the intent of a large class of type change operations. We have built a system called Tess (Type Evolution Software System) that uses this model to recognize type changes by comparing schemas and then produces a transformer that can update data in a database to correspond to a newer version of the schema.
Anagliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor, Suppresses Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscles and Monocyte Inflammatory Reaction and Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Male apo E-Deficient Mice (2013)

Dipeptyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors modulate the progression of atherosclerosis. To gain insights into their mechanism of action, 9-wk-old male apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice were fed a DPP-4 inhibitor, anagliptin-containing diet. The effects of anagliptin were investigated in, a monocyte cell line, human THP-1 cells, and rat smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Treatment with anagliptin for 16 wk significantly reduced accumulation of monocytes and macrophages in the vascular wall, SMC content in plaque areas, and oil red O-stained area around the aortic valve without affecting glucose tolerance or body weight. Serum DPP-4 concentrations were significantly higher in apoE-deficient mice than control mice, and the levels increased with aging, suggesting the involvement of DPP-4 in the progression of atherosclerosis. Indeed, soluble DPP-4 augmented cultured SMC proliferation, and anagliptin suppressed the proliferation by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. In THP-1 cells, anagliptin reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production with inhibiting ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. Quantitative analysis also showed that anagliptin reduced the area of atherosclerotic lesion in apoE-deficient mice. These results indicated that the anti-atherosclerotic effect of anagliptin is mediated, at least in part, through its direct inhibition of SMC proliferation and inflammatory reaction of monocytes.
New AMPA antagonists in epilepsy (2012)

Overall, the development of AMPAR antagonists confirms their great clinical potential; their arrival to clinical practice has been slowed down by their unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability; however, their clinical use might be justified by their efficacy and the new drugs developed such as perampanel have been greatly ameliorated from both points of view.
A fractographic investigation of PMMA bone cenent focusing on the relationship between porosity reduction and increased fatigue life (1992)

Fracture surfaces of both monotonic and fatigue loaded bone cement samples were examined to investigate the fractographic characteristics of PMMA. Classic cleavage step river patterns were observed on all monotonically loaded samples, running downstream in the direction of crack propagation. All fatigue cracks initiated at internal pores and the direction of crack propagation of many cracks was discernible. Porosity, pore size, and pore size distribution were found to affect the crack initiation and fatigue behavior of bone cement. Statistical analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between two-dimensional porosity present on the fracture surfaces and the cycles to failure. The fractographic observations of these fatigue samples elucidate one reason why porosity reduction by centrifugation or vacuum mixing increases the fatigue life of PMMA bone cement.
A Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2020)

A wideband dual-polarized magneto-electric (ME) dipole for millimeter waveband applications is presented. The ME dipole consists of four shorted patches, which are fed by two pairs of T-shaped probes orthogonally oriented on the same layer. The feed lines are connected with the T-shaped probes through metallic vias. Simulated overlapped impedance bandwidth of 50% with return loss larger than 10 dB, gain up to 9.4 dBi, and isolation higher than 17.8 dB between dual polarizations are achieved. By combining the antenna elements with single-layered feed networks, a 2 ×2 array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The overlapped working bandwidth is 50%, with gain up 14.8 dBi. With the advantages of wide bandwidth, single-layered radiation structure, and promising radiation pattern, the proposed antenna with dual polarizations would be attractive for millimeter-wave antenna in package (AiP) applications.
À quoi sert le système endothéline ? (2004)

Endothelins are a family of three peptides of 21 amino acids with strong vasoconstrictor effects. The three peptides are encoded by three different genes and derived from precursors (" big endothelins") which are cleaved by metalloproteases, named endothelin-converting enzyme. Two receptors have been cloned, ET-A and ET-B which bind the three endothelins with various affinities. The diverse expression pattern of the endothelin system (ET) components is associated with a complex pharmacology and its counteracting physiological actions. New modulators of the ET system have been described : retinoic acid, leptin, prostaglandins, hypoxia. Endothelins can be considered as regulators working in paracrine and autocrine fashion in a variety of organs in different cellular types. The ET system has beneficial and detrimental roles in mammals. The different components have been shown to be essential for a normal embryonic and neonatal development, for renal homeostasis and maintenance of basal vascular tone. They are involved in physiological and tumoral angiogenesis. They affect the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver, muscle, skin, adipose tissue and reproductive tract. The endothelin system participates in the development of atherosclerosis as well as pulmonary hypertension, and mediates cardiac remodeling in heart failure. Elaboration of new animal models (knock-out, pathophysiological models em leader ) will allow the clear genetic dissection of physiological and pathophysiological roles of the endothelin system.
An improved method of structural-borne random vibration mass attenuation (2011)

In 2009, the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Vibroacoustics Working Group identified vibroacoustic environment predictions as one of the highest risk areas for new launch vehicle programs. Specifically, the working group identified the need for improved random vibration mass attenuation prediction methods as key to mitigating this risk. This paper derives a multi drive point, multi axis, interface sized equation between the unloaded and loaded drive point random vibration accelerations and cross correlations. The method's development and associated acoustic test validation program were a collaborative effort between ASD, NESC, and NASA/JPL. The derivation utilizes the methods of modal synthesis and random vibration averaging and precludes the use of any simplifying structural interaction assumptions besides the interfaces behaving linearly (no interface deadbands). Key to the method's improved accuracy is its built-in mechanism for combining the contributions of the different unloaded drive-point accelerations and associated cross-correlations. The method reduces to the time-tested method of Norton–Thevenin for the single drive-point case. Predictions are compared to measurements from NASA/JPL acoustic chamber test of a panel loaded by a component. It is shown that the method accurately captures the major spectral characteristics of attenuations and amplifications resulting in improved mass loaded environment predictions.
High Resolution Hadamard Transform Spectrometer (1972)

The ir spectrometer described employs alkaline halide lenses, an echelle grating, and a cryogenically cooled doped germanium bolometer as a detector. It is provided for two possible modes of operation: one is a single slit or conventional scan, the other is a multiplex or Hadamard scan. Signal strength, noise characteristics, scanning time, and available computer facilities determine the mode of operation. Sample spectra are presented.
Regional Capture of Fibrillating Ventricular Myocardium (1995)

Previous investigations have suggested that during ventricular fibrillation (VF) pacing stimuli are incapable of evoking propagated ventricular activations. To determine whether regional myocardial capture could be achieved during rapid pacing in VF, extracellular unipolar potentials were sampled (2 kHz) and recorded from 506 Ag-AgCl electrodes arranged in a rectangular grid (22 x 23, 1.12-mm spacing) embedded in a plaque overlying two pacing electrodes in the epicardium of the anterobasal right ventricle in pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs (25 to 30 kg, n = 6). During separate episodes of electrically induced VF, two bursts of 40 monophasic stimuli (10 mA, 2-millisecond duration) were asynchronously applied to the stimulating electrodes in either a bipolar, unipolar anodal, or unipolar cathodal mode. Evidence of regional capture was provided by (1) animating the first temporal derivative of the extracellular potentials, (2) analyzing inter-beat interval patterns, and (3) employing the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition method to quantify the repetitiveness of spatio-temporal patterns of activation. Regional capture of ventricular myocardium during VF was observed when pacing stimuli fell late in the local myocardial activation interval and when the pacing cycle length was 80% to 115% of the mean subplaque activation cycle length. When myocardial activations became phase locked to the pacing stimuli, repeatable spatiotemporal patterns of activation followed each stimulus. Poincaré sections at the plaque border revealed that during VF prior to pacing, interbeat intervals were irregular but were driven by pacing to stable fixed values at times corresponding to our qualitative declaration of regional capture. A similar correspondence was demonstrated between the time of capture, defined by direct observation of the activation patterns, and a rise in the power contained in the first two spatial modes of a Karhunen-Loeve decomposition. These data demonstrate that appropriately timed stimuli produce regional capture of fibrillating right ventricular myocardium in the pig and support the existence of an excitable gap during VF in this model.
A strategy for the selection of transcribed sequences in the Xq28 region (1992)

As an essential step towards an exhaustive analysis of the coding potential of large regions of the genome, we have developed a protocol allowing the rapid isolation of transcripts defined by overlapping clone libraries. The method is based on the hybridisation of cDNA inserts, which had been amplified by PCR from cDNA libraries, to biotinylated DNA from cosmids or cosmid pools. Nonspecific hybrids are then removed, the selected cDNAs are eluted and reamplified by PCR. Using a cosmid containing part of the FMR-1 gene as test, we were able to demonstrate an eighty thousand fold enrichment of cDNAs for this gene after two rounds of selection-amplification. The technique was applied to the analysis of transcripts from two cosmid contigs, together encompassing a region of 900 kb in Xq28. These experiments have thus far resulted in the identification of 81 cDNA clones, of which 54 clones were mapped back to the cosmid contigs. Of the 54 clones placed on the contig maps, 12 cDNA clones can be shown to belong to two genes which have been previously reported (L1CAM and QM).
Development of New Nonlinear Optical Crystal LiB3O5. (1991)

The present paper reviews the recent work on developing new nonlinear optical crystal LiB3O5. On the bassis of the anionic group theory of the nonlinear optical effect, boron-oxygen groups of various structure types in borate crystals were classified and the microscopic secondorder susceptibilities of the basic anionic groups were calculated. From the calculated results the following structural guideline was proposed: the B3O7 group is an ideal basic structural unit for new UV nonlinear optical crystals. The LiB3O5 crystal, with the B3O7 group as the basic structural unit, was recognized as an excellent UV nonlinear optical material after phase relationship studies, crystal growth, and measurements of various physical properties.
84: Uropathogenic E. Coli Modulates Expression of Urothelial Inflammatory Genes (2004)

differentiate these cells into urologically applicable lineages underscores the usefulness of this technology for patients requiring bladder reconstructive surgery.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Aggregation of New Sugar Bola‐Amphiphiles. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
AGIP deep drilling technology. Part 3. Pressure evaluation improves drilling programs (1978)

To aid drilling operators in designing successful drilling and well-completion programs for deep hydrocarbon targets (both onshore and off), Italy's AGIP S.p.A., in Part 3 of its series, presents methods for accurately calculating the overburden, pore, and fracture pressures - parameters vital to the correct definition of casing setting depths, circulating densities, and allowable choke pressures. A typical AGIP program for deep-well planning interrelates such factors as pore-pressure gradient, mud weight, equivalent circulating density, fracture gradient, drilling balance, maximum differential pressure, and maximum allowable choke pressure. Choke pressure is given as the difference between the minimum fracture pressure (generally the fracture pressure below the casing shoe) and the mud weight and represents the maximum back pressure required to control a kick. Offshore projects must also consider the sea depth, conductor-pipe setting depth, air gap (the distance between the rotary table and sea level), and seawater density.
A Phase II Study of the Global Dose and Schedule of Capecitabine in Japanese Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2006)

The 3-week regimen of capecitabine was effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with MCRC as well, and could be used as the basic regimen for future combination therapies.
Electromagnetic theory of reverberation chambers (1998)

This report presents the electromagnetic theory of reverberation chambers as applied to electromagnetic compatibility measurements. For radiated immunity measurements, mode theory and the plane-wave integral representation are useful in determining electric and magnetic field characteristics and chamber quality factor (0. The plane-wave integral representation also provides a convenient method for describing the response of a reference antenna or a test object in a stirred field. For radiated emissions, energy conservation or electromagnetic reciprocity can be used to describe the measurement of total radiated power. Comparisons of theory and measurements are presented for chamber Q, probability density functions of fields and received power, and radiated immunity and emissions of a simple test object. Recommendations are made for improvements in statistical electromagnetic theory as applied to mechanical stirring and the statistics of immunity and emissions measurements.
$V$ -Band High-Gain Printed Quasi-Parabolic Reflector Antenna With Beam-Steering (2017)

A novel design of printed V-band quasi-parabolic reflector antenna is discussed. Two possible excitation methods are proposed which are used subsequently to design a more complex antenna with beam-steering capability. The radiation performance of the designed antenna is studied using full-wave simulations based on the finite-element method. The simulation results are verified experimentally.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBER DIE HERST. VON ISOCYANATOCARBONSAEURE‐TRIMETHYLSILYLESTERN (1971)

Abstract Durch Erhitzen der Äthoxycarbonylaminosäuren (I) mit Trimethylchlorsilan (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin werden die silylierten Verbindungen (III) erhalten, die beim Erhitzen auf 220‐240°C unter Abspaltung von Äthoxytrimethylsilan (IV) die Isocyanate (V) in einer Ausbeute von 45‐55% liefern.
Genotype does not predict severity of behavioural phenotype in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) (2010)

Previous reports of genotype and clinical phenotype differences were unsupported in this investigation, which did not find differences between individuals homozygous or heterozygous for the CLN3 deletion. The CBCL, an already validated measure of behaviour problems, appears valid for use in JNCL and cross-validates well with the UBDRS.
Structurally Reinforced Tetraazamacrocyclic Complexes (2000)

The reaction between alkyl or aryl aldehydes and macrocyclic ligands with pendant amine groups produced imidazolidine-containing bi- or tricyclic ligands. The copper complexes of three of these ligands were structurally characterized: [CuL3Cl]·3H2O (triclinic, P1̄, a = 10.041(2) Å, b = 10.172(1) Å, c = 11.202(1) Å, α = 92.07(1)°, β = 96.76(2)°, γ = 92.99(1)°, Z = 2), [Cu(H2L4)Cl]Cl·2H2O (monoclinic, P21/n, a = 15.159(5) Å, b = 10.645(1) Å, c = 19.094(6) Å, β = 93.78(1)°, Z = 4), [CuL5]·2H2O·NaNO3 (monoclinic, P21/n, a = 10.649(8) Å, b = 7.261(2) Å, c = 15.25(1) Å, β = 94.77(4)°, Z = 2). The conformational rigidity and stereochemical activity of these macrocycles and their complexes are discussed in comparison with close analogues.
IL-7 Enhances Survival of Human CD56bright NK Cells (2010)

Lymphoid differentiation and activation critically depend on cytokine stimulation and the interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling in particular. Although it has been demonstrated that IL-7 may play a role in natural killer (NK) cell maturation, the effect of IL-7 stimulation on mature human NK cells has not been studied. We, therefore, investigated the expression and functional activity of IL-7Ralpha on mature NK populations from adult blood. In this article, we demonstrate that IL-7Ralpha is specifically expressed in the CD56bright noncytotoxic cytokine-producing NK subset. Importantly, this expression is thymus independent, contrary to what is observed in mice. In addition, we show that IL-7Ralpha is expressed at higher levels on NKG2A+CD56bright NK cells. In contrast to IL-15 stimulation, IL-7 does not increase NK cell cytotoxicity, interferon-gamma production, or the expression of activation markers, indicating that these cytokines play different functions in NK homeostasis and activation. However, IL-7 promotes the survival of the CD56bright NK subset and inhibits apoptosis by increasing BCL2 expression. These data should be taken into account when considering the clinical use of IL-7, particularly after stem cell transplantation.