gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Google Analytics (2010)

Do you know what people do when they visit your website or web app? Or how much the site contributes to your bottom line? Google Analytics keeps track and makes it easy for you to learn precisely what's happening. This hands-on guide shows you how to get the most out of this free and powerful tool -- whether you're new to Google Analytics or have been using it for years. Google Analytics shows you how to track different market segments and analyze conversion rates, and reveals advanced techniques such as marketing-campaign tracking, a valuable feature that most people overlook. And this practical book not only provides complete code samples for web developers, it also explains the concepts behind the code to marketers, managers, and others on your team. Discover exactly how the Google Analytics system works Learn how to configure the system to measure data most relevant to your business goals Track online marketing activities, including cost-per-click ads, email, and internal campaigns Track events -- rather than page views -- on sites with features such as maps, embedded video, and widgets Configure Google Analytics to track enterprise data, including multiple domains Use advanced techniques such as custom variables and CRM integration
Tollip, an Intracellular Trafficking Protein, Is a Novel Modulator of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway (2012)

Upon activation, TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) undergoes active ubiquitination via recruitment of E3 ligases to the receptor complex by Smad7. However, how ubiquitination of TβRI is coupled to intracellular trafficking, and protein degradation remains unclear. We report here that Tollip, an adaptor protein that contains both ubiquitin-associated domains and endosome-targeting domain, plays an important role in modulating trafficking and degradation of TβRI. Tollip was previously demonstrated to possess a functional role in modulating the signaling of interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptors. We identify here that Tollip interacts with Smad7, a major modulatory protein involved in the negative regulation of TGF-β signaling. Overexpression of Tollip antagonizes TGF-β-stimulated transcriptional response, Smad2 phosphorylation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tollip also interacts with ubiquitinated TβRI, and such interaction requires ubiquitin-associated domains of Tollip. The interaction and intracellular colocalization of Tollip with TβRI is enhanced by Smad7. Overexpression of Tollip accelerates protein degradation of activated TβRI. In addition, Tollip alters subcellular compartmentalization and endosomal trafficking of activated TβRI. Collectively, our studies reveal that Tollip cooperates with Smad7 to modulate intracellular trafficking and degradation of ubiquitinated TβRI, whereby negatively regulates TGF-β signaling pathway.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Agglomerative Epigenetic Aberrations Are a Common Event in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Agglomerative Epigenetic Aberrations Are a Common Event in Human Breast Cancer
Silicon photonic integrated circuits with electrically programmable non-volatile memory functions (2016)

Conventional silicon photonic integrated circuits do not normally possess memory functions, which require on-chip power in order to maintain circuit states in tuned or field-configured switching routes. In this context, we present an electrically programmable add/drop microring resonator with a wavelength shift of 426 pm between the ON/OFF states. Electrical pulses are used to control the choice of the state. Our experimental results show a wavelength shift of 2.8 pm/ms and a light intensity variation of ~0.12 dB/ms for a fixed wavelength in the OFF state. Theoretically, our device can accommodate up to 65 states of multi-level memory functions. Such memory functions can be integrated into wavelength division mutiplexing (WDM) filters and applied to optical routers and computing architectures fulfilling large data downloading demands.
Control of Vortex Dynamics using Invariants (2023)

Vortex-dominated flows are ubiquitous in engineering, and the ability to efficiently manipulate the dynamics of these vortices has broad applications, from wake shaping to mixing enhancement. However, the strongly nonlinear behavior of the vortex dynamics makes this a challenging task. In this work, we investigate the control of vortex dynamics by using a change of coordinates from the Biot-Savart equations into well-known invariants, such as the Hamiltonian, linear, and angular impulses, which are Koopman eigenfunctions. We then combine the resulting model with model predictive control to generate control laws that force the vortex system using "virtual cylinders". The invariant model is beneficial as it provides a linear, global description of the vortex dynamics through a recently developed Koopman control scheme for conserved quantities and invariants. The use of this model has not been well studied in the literature in the context of control. In this paper, we seek to understand the effect of changing each invariant individually or multiple invariants simultaneously. We use the 4-vortex system as our primary test bed, as it is the simplest configuration that exhibits chaotic behavior. We show that by controlling to specific invariant quantities, we can modify the transition from chaotic to quasiperiodic states. Finally, we computationally demonstrate the effectiveness of invariant control on a toy example of tracer mixing in the 4-vortex system.
Inherent predominance of high chiral angle metallic carbon nanotubes in continuous fibers grown from a molten catalyst (2016)

We present evidence that high temperature CVD growth of SWNTs under conditions of continuous spinning of macroscopic fibers leads to an inherent predominance of high chiral angle CNTs, peaking at the armchair end. Raman, UV-vis-NIR absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements show the prevalence of metallic SWNTs. The complete chiral angle distribution is obtained by electron diffraction of over 390 CNTs. It is biased towards high chiral angles and peaks at the armchair end (30°), in good agreement with the established atomistic models for SWNT growth from a liquid catalyst. Based on the Fe-C-S constituent binary and ternary phase diagrams, thermodynamic calculations of phase compositions from fast cooling and experimental evidence of a post-synthesis catalyst, the proposed thermodynamic path of the catalyst is to form a solid FCC Fe core and a liquid Fe-S shell. S in the outer liquid shell first stabilizes the edge of the nascent CNT, but once a graphitic wall forms it is rejected due to the high interfacial energy of the Fe-C-S alloy.
The Contribution of Polyaniline and Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing Current Signals of Streptavidin Based Immunosensors (2022)

The presence of streptavidin has been found to serve as an electrically insulating layer. This could reduce the initial current response of an electrochemical immunosensor, reducing its performancefor detecting the analyte of interest. The work aimed to investigate the current response of the streptavidin based electrochemical immunosensor at polyaniline and gold nanoparticle modified screen-printed electrodes and compare to without gold nanoparticle addition. The result of the streptavidin modified gold nanoparticles - polyaniline sensor exhibited a three-times higher current response than that of the streptavidin modified polyaniline sensor (without gold nanoparticle).Additionally, antibody immobilization (EpCAM as a model) on the modified electrode showed high performances for use further in antigen target detection. The high conductivity of the developed immunosensor could become a promising candidate for immunosensor development with high sensitivity in the future.
Broadband Circular Polarizers via Coupling in 3D Plasmonic Meta-Atom Arrays (2021)

We report broadband circular polarizers achieved by engineering the electromagnetic coupling between 3D meta-atoms in large-area arrays. The 3D meta-atoms are composed of bulk Au/Au nanocrystal (NC) bilayer helical arms, tailored in their number, length, and curvature through a one-step patterning process and postfabrication chemical and thermal treatments. By tuning the meta-atom array periodicity, hybridization originating from dipole–dipole and quadrupole–quadrupole interactions broadens the chiral response. We demonstrate circular polarizers operating at wavelengths spanning 2.5 to 5 μm, with a maximal transmission difference between left- and right-hand circularly polarized light of 43%.
A Novel Grading Biomarker for the Prediction of Conversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease (2016)

The evaluation on the ADNI dataset shows the efficacy of the proposed biomarker and demonstrates a significant contribution in accurate prediction of MCI-to-AD conversion.
Dual-Loop Control of Laser Drivers for 3.125GHz Optical Transceivers (2005)

A dual loop control for continuous mode laser drivers used in 3.125 GHz optical communication applications is presented. The dual loop control and the laser driver are implemented in IBM SiGe 5HP technology using a 3.3V-supply. The chip includes automatic average power and modulation control loops, as well as a novel temperature compensated transimpedance amplifier. Simulation and measurement results are presented.
Scale and Orientation Aware EPI-Patch Learning for Light Field Depth Estimation (2018)

Epipolar Plane Image (EPI) implies some important depth cues for light field depth estimation. Intuitively, the EPI patches with different spatial scales and orientations may exhibit different features and result in different estimation precision. In this paper, we discuss this issue and present a scale and orientation aware EPI-Patch learning model for depth estimation. We take the multi-orientation EPI patches of each pixel as input, and design two types of network structures for adaptive scale selection and orientation fusion. One type is a scale-aware structure, which feeds one orientation patch into a multi-layer feed-forward network with long and short skip connections. The other type is a shared-weight network for fusing the multi-orientation features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model by experiments on 4D Light Field Benchmark.
Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery Using Chitosan Derivatives In Vitro and In Vivo (2007)

The development of an efficient targeted gene delivery system into cells is an important strategy for the advancement of gene therapy. The targeted gene delivery system is especially important in non-viral gene transfer which shows the relative low transfection efficiency. And it also opens the possibility of selective delivery of therapeutic plasmids to specific tissues. Chitosan has been considered to be a good candidate for gene delivery system, since it is already known as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and low toxic material with high cationic potential. However, low specificity and low transfection efficiency of chitosan need to be overcome prior to clinical trial. In this study, we focused on the chemical modification of chitosan for enhancement of cell specificity and transfection efficiency.
Control of a Nosocomial Outbreak of COVID-19 in a University Hospital (2020)

Viral shedding from asymptomatic cases played a major role in NIs. PCR screening of asymptomatic individuals helped clarify the pattern of spread. Immediate large-scale isolation, contact tracing, and social distancing measures were essential to containing outbreaks.
A comparative study on life cycle analysis of 20 different PV modules installed at the Hokuto mega‐solar plant (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify a suitable type of mega‐solar system from an environmental viewpoint. The authors evaluated six types of 20 different PV modules by life cycle analysis (LCA) with actual equipment data and output. The types were single crystal silicon (sc‐Si), amorphous silicon (a‐Si)/sc‐Si, multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si), a‐Si, microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si)/a‐Si and CIS. The boundaries of LCA were from the mining stage to that of waste management. Mining, manufacturing and waste management information was taken from an LCA database, while data on transport, construction and amounts of equipment were obtained from actual systems. Since the irradiation figures and electricity output were also actual data, we could avoid the difficulties of making assumptions for values such as the actual output power of thin films. In addition, installation at a single plant provided suitable conditions for comparing PV systems. The results showed an energy requirement ranging from 19 to 48 GJ/kW and an energy payback time of between 1.4 and 3.8 years. CO 2 emissions were from 1.3 to 2.7 t‐CO 2 /kW, and CO 2 emission rates ranged from 31 to 67 g‐CO 2 /kWh. The multicrystalline (mc‐Si) and CIS types showed good results because mc‐Si and CIS PV modules have high efficiency and a lower energy requirement. In particular, the CIS module generated more electricity than expected with catalogue efficiency. The single crystal silicon PV module did not produce good results because, considering their energy requirement, installed sc‐Si PV modules do not have high efficiency. However, the operation data used covered only 1 year; data from a longer period should be collected to obtain long‐term irradiation figures and clarify degradation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Nano-scale Cutting Method by Vibration (2018)

For improving the efficiency of the Nano-scale machining, we propose a vibration cutting method by using a microcantilever as a cutting tool instead of the usually used scratch cutting method. We optimize the microcantilever in shape so that the excitation force could be efficiently transferred to the tip and load a diamond ground by FIB (Focused Ion Beam) on it. In a series of machining experiment, we employ two kinds of excitation methods based on sinusoidal excitation and feedback control. Under the former and latter excitations, the microcantilever is externally excited and self-excited, respectively. By analyzing and contrasting experimental results with two kinds of vibration cutting methods, we demonstrated the machining product is improved by using the self-excited vibration cutting method because the microcantilever could keep in the resonant state regardless of the change of the natural frequency during machining.
Organic electronics Axon-Hillock neuromorphic circuit: towards biologically compatible, and physically flexible, integrate-and-fire spiking neural networks (2020)

Abstract Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising computational paradigm to emulate the features of natural neural tissue physiology. While hardware implementations of SNNs are being conceived to emulate biological systems, they typically rely on hard and rigid silicon electronics that are not bio-compatible. In the physical, or materials realm, organic electronics offer mechanical flexibility and bio-compatibility, allowing for the construction of neural processing systems that can be directly interfaced to biological networks. This study introduces an organic electronics implementation of an Integrate-and-Fire spiking neuron based on the Axon-Hillock CMOS circuit. The circuit employs organic p-type and n-type field effective transistors and reproduces the behavior of the CMOS neuromorphic counterpart. We demonstrate its operating characteristics measuring its spike rate output as a function of its input current. We show how it properly integrates input currents and demonstrate its computing abilities in a basic current summing experiment. The static and dynamic power dissipation is calculated to be less than 0.4 and 40 µ W, respectively. This is the first demonstration of the spiking Axon-Hillock neuromorphic circuit using organic materials.
A Time and Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Electric Vehicles Based on Historical Driving Data (2017)

A routing algorithm that leads to extended driving range and battery longevity of electric vehicles (EV) is proposed. In addition to locating the time and energy efficient routes, the proposed algorithm provides a desired speed profile to be tracked by the driver. Data mining techniques are employed for extracting the desired speed profile for the goal driver from a set of historical driving data. In order to select data with strong analogy to those of the goal driver's vehicle and driving conditions, driving and vehicle attributes are defined. The historical driving data are clustered and the class of the goal driver among clustered data is determined through classification. Eventually, the required travel time and energy consumption corresponding to historical speed profiles are evaluated and the time and/or energy efficient route along with the desired speed profile are determined. The proposed method is tested on a set of data gathered in the Warrigal project, which provides real vehicle state information. Since the consumed energy data are not available in this dataset, a detailed EV model is adopted to estimate the energy consumption. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of the proposed routing algorithm in locating the time and/or energy efficient routes.
Melatonin: an inhibitor of breast cancer (2015)

The present review discusses recent work on melatonin-mediated circadian regulation, the metabolic and molecular signaling mechanisms that are involved in human breast cancer growth, and the associated consequences of circadian disruption by exposure to light at night (LEN). The anti-cancer actions of the circadian melatonin signal in human breast cancer cell lines and xenografts heavily involve MT1 receptor-mediated mechanisms. In estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive human breast cancer, melatonin suppresses ERα mRNA expression and ERα transcriptional activity via the MT1 receptor. Melatonin also regulates the transactivation of other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, estrogen-metabolizing enzymes, and the expression of core clock and clock-related genes. Furthermore, melatonin also suppresses tumor aerobic metabolism (the Warburg effect) and, subsequently, cell-signaling pathways critical to cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. Melatonin demonstrates both cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cells that appears to be cell type-specific. Melatonin also possesses anti-invasive/anti-metastatic actions that involve multiple pathways, including inhibition of p38 MAPK and repression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies have demonstrated that melatonin promotes genomic stability by inhibiting the expression of LINE-1 retrotransposons. Finally, research in animal and human models has indicated that LEN-induced disruption of the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal promotes the growth, metabolism, and signaling of human breast cancer and drives breast tumors to endocrine and chemotherapeutic resistance. These data provide the strongest understanding and support of the mechanisms that underpin the epidemiologic demonstration of elevated breast cancer risk in night-shift workers and other individuals who are increasingly exposed to LEN.
Acoustic streaming at high Reynolds numbers in focused sound beams (1995)

In experiments reported recently on acoustic streaming in focused sound beams [Starritt etal., Ultrasound Med. Biol. 15, 363 (1989), and Matsuda etal., AdvancesinNonlinearAcoustics: 13thISNA, edited by H. Hobæk (World Scientific, Singapore, 1993), pp. 595–600], the Reynolds numbers for the streaming are of order 100. To model such experiments, nonlinearity in the momentum equation for the streaming velocity should be taken into account. Previous comparisons of theory with measurements of acoustic streaming in focused beams are based on linear equations for the streaming velocity, which are normally valid only for Stokes flows characterized by Reynolds numbers less than unity [Lighthill, J. Sound Vib. 61, 391 (1978)]. The numerical results presented here were obtained with nonlinear inertia terms for the streaming velocity retained in equations that describe the paraxial region of the beam. The primary wave is assumed to be a focused Gaussian beam, with parameters corresponding to the experiments cited above. Inclusion of nonlinearity yields predictions of streaming patterns that are more localized in the focal region, and in closer agreement with experiment, than predictions based on linearized equations for the flow. [Work supported by Schlumberger, NSF, and the Office of Naval Research.]
Large area monolithic organic solar cells (2012)

Although efficiencies of &gt; 10% have recently been achieved in laboratory-scale organic solar cells, these competitive performance figures are yet to be translated to large active areas and geometries relevant for viable manufacturing. One of the factors hindering scale-up is a lack of knowledge of device physics at the sub-module level, particularly cell architecture, electrode geometry and current collection pathways. A more in depth understanding of how photocurrent and photovoltage extraction can be optimised over large active areas is urgently needed. Another key factor suppressing conversion efficiencies in large area cells is the relatively high sheet resistance of the transparent conducting anode - typically indium tin oxide. Hence, to replace ITO with alternative transparent conducting anodes is also a high priority on the pathway to viable module-level organic solar cells. In our paper we will focus on large area devices relevant to sub-module scales – 5 cm × 5 cm monolithic geometry. We have applied a range of experimental techniques to create a more comprehensive understanding of the true device physics that could help make large area, monolithic organic solar cells more viable. By employing this knowledge, a novel transparent anode consisting of molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and silver (Ag) is developed to replace ITO and PEDOT-free large area solar cell sub-modules, acting as both a transparent window and hole-collecting electrode. The proposed architecture and anode materials are well suited to high throughput, low cost all-solution processing.
Optical-Fiber-Welding Machine (1985)

Technique yields joints with average transmissivity of 91.6 percent. Electric arc passed over butted fiber ends to melt them together. Maximum optical transmissivity of joint achieved with optimum choice of discharge current, translation speed, and axial compression of fibers. Practical welding machine enables delicate and tedious joining operation performed routinely.
Introduction of ORF3a-Q57H SARS-CoV-2 Variant Causing Fourth Epidemic Wave of COVID-19, Hong Kong, China (2021)

We describe an introduction of clade GH severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing a fourth wave of coronavirus disease in Hong Kong. The virus has an ORF3a-Q57H mutation, causing truncation of ORF3b. This virus evades induction of cytokine, chemokine, and interferon-stimulated gene expression in primary human respiratory cells.
Preparation and properties of undoped and copper doped zinc telluride films (1991)

Zinc telluride films have been prepared by compound evaporation onto borosilicate glass, onto a 20 nm layer of copper atoms on borosilicate glass and by co-evaporation with copper. Properties of these films are described. The starting material must be heat-treated in vacuum to remove oxides which coat the surface of the as-received 99.999% pure powder. Otherwise, the zinc telluride films have excess tellurium. The stoichiometry, resistivity, optical properties and morphology of films prepared at various substrate temperatures are reported. Resistivities can be varied from about 10 Ω cm to about 10 Ω cm by appropriate doping.