gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Finite Element Based Method to Determine the Properties of Planar Soft Tissue (1998)

A finite element based method to determine the incremental elastic material properties of planar membranes was developed and evaluated. The method is applicable to tissues that exhibit inhomogeneity, geometric and material nonlinearity, and anisotropy. Markers are placed on the tissue to form a four-node quadrilateral element. The specimen is loaded to an initial reference state, then three incremental loading sets are applied and the nodal displacements recorded. One of these loadings must include shear. These data are used to solve an over-determined system of equations for the tangent stiffness matrix. The method was first verified using analytical data. Next, data obtained from a latex rubber sheet were used to evaluate experimental procedures. Finally, experiments conducted on preconditioned rat skin revealed nonlinear orthotropic behavior. The vector norm comparing the applied and calculated nodal force vectors was used to evaluate the accuracy of the solutions.
Effect of Crumb Rubber Bituminous Mixes on Functional Characteristics of Road Pavements (2009)

The Road Research Laboratory of Spain's Technical University of Catalonia has conducted a study to determine the effects of adding crumb rubber on the functional characteristics of gap-graded mixtures–- particularly the effects on texture and noise. The evaluation was performed on the basis of full-scale measurements of several test sections. All sections were constructed with a gap-graded mixture in which three types of binders were used: bitumen with crumb rubber added by the wet process, the same bitumen with crumb rubber added by the dry process (1% and 2% crumb rubber content), and polymer-modified bitumen acting as the reference. The test sections were located on Road B-140 near Barcelona, Spain. Texture and skid resistance were measured by the side force coefficient routine investigation machine (SCRIM), and noise levels were quantified in a semi-anechoic chamber with the close proximity method. The use of different tires was also analyzed by the Laboratory of Acoustics Applied to Civil Engineering of the University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The results revealed the impact of construction and service conditions on the surface characteristics of pavements and that, in general, the addition of crumb rubber by the dry process may slightly decrease the noise from tire–pavement interaction, while texture levels are decreased and skid resistance is increased, compared with the results obtained with the addition of crumb rubber by the wet process.
Investigation of the Interaction between Nafion Ionomer and Surface Functionalized Carbon Black Using Both Ultrasmall Angle X-ray Scattering and Cryo-TEM (2017)

In making a catalyst ink, the interactions between Nafion ionomer and catalyst support are the key factors that directly affect both ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity of the catalyst layer in a membrane electrode assembly. One of the major aims of this investigation is to understand the behavior of the catalyst support, Vulcan XC-72 (XC-72) aggregates, in the existence of the Nafion ionomer in a catalyst ink to fill the knowledge gap of the interaction of these components. The dispersion of catalyst ink depends not only on the solvent but also on the interaction of Nafion and carbon particles in the ink. The interaction of Nafion ionomer particles and XC-72 catalyst aggregates in liquid media was studied using ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic TEM techniques. Carbon black (XC-72) and functionalized carbon black systems were introduced to study the interaction behaviors. A multiple curve fitting was used to extract the particle size and size distribution from scattering data. The results suggest that the particle size and size distribution of each system changed significantly in Nafion + XC-72 system, Nafion + NH<sub>2</sub>-XC72 system, and Nafion + SO<sub>3</sub>H-XC-72 system, which indicates that an interaction among these components (i.e., ionomer particles and XC-72 aggregates) exists. The cryogenic TEM, which allows for the observation the size of particles in a liquid, was used to validate the scattering results and shows excellent agreement.
Tumor-Derived Chemokine MCP-1/CCL2 Is Sufficient for Mediating Tumor Tropism of Adoptively Transferred T Cells (2007)

To exert a therapeutic effect, adoptively transferred tumor-specific CTLs must traffic to sites of tumor burden, exit the circulation, and infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we examine the ability of adoptively transferred human CTL to traffic to tumors with disparate chemokine secretion profiles independent of tumor Ag recognition. Using a combination of in vivo tumor tropism studies and in vitro biophotonic chemotaxis assays, we observed that cell lines derived from glioma, medulloblastoma, and renal cell carcinoma efficiently chemoattracted ex vivo-expanded primary human T cells. We compared the chemokines secreted by tumor cell lines with high chemotactic activity with those that failed to elicit T cell chemotaxis (Daudi lymphoma, 10HTB neuroblastoma, and A2058 melanoma cells) and found a correlation between tumor-derived production of MCP-1/CCL2 (> or =10 ng/ml) and T cell chemotaxis. Chemokine immunodepletion studies confirmed that tumor-derived MCP-1 elicits effector T cell chemotaxis. Moreover, MCP-1 is sufficient for in vivo T cell tumor tropism as evidenced by the selective accumulation of i.v. administered firefly luciferase-expressing T cells in intracerebral xenografts of tumor transfectants secreting MCP-1. These studies suggest that the capacity of adoptively transferred T cells to home to tumors may be, in part, dictated by the species and amounts of tumor-derived chemokines, in particular MCP-1.
Nanophotonic Neural Probes for in vivo Light Sheet Imaging (2019)

We present implantable silicon neural probes with nanophotonic waveguide routing networks and grating emitters for light sheet imaging. Fluorescein beam profiles, fluorescent bead imaging, and fluorescence brain imaging in vivo are presented.
Excitons into one-axis crystals of zinc phosphide (Zn_{3}P_{2}) (2009)

Theoretical study of excitons spectra is offered in this report as for Zn 3 P 2 crystals. Spectra are got in the zero approach of the theory of perturbations with consideration of both the anisotropy of the dispersion law and the selection rules. The existence of two exciton series was found, which corresponds to two valence bands (hh, lh) and the conductivity band (c). It is noteworthy that anisotropy of the dispersion law plus the existence of crystalline packets (layers) normal to the main optical axis, both will permit the consideration of two-dimensional excitons too. The high temperature displaying of these 2D-exciton effects is not eliminated even into bulk crystals. The calculated values of the binding energies as well as the oscillator's strength for the optical transitions are given for a volume (3D) and for two-dimensional (2D) excitons. The model of energy exciton transitions and four-level scheme of stimulated exciton radiation for receiving laser effect are offered.
Impulsive control for a thirteen-link biped (2006)

A thirteen-link biped with twelve actuated joints in three dimensional space is considered in this paper. The objective is to design a ballistic motion numerically for this biped. A first dynamical model of the biped is calculated in single support only. A second dynamical model tacking into account the wrench reaction from the ground is calculated for the single support phase and the double support phase. These two models are founded on the Newton Euler algorithm, considering that the reference frame is connected to a stance foot. At the impact the biped loses energy, the ballistic motion cannot be cyclic. Then impulsive controls around the impact are designed to overcome this lost energy and to obtain a cyclic motion. The initial and final configurations of the biped for the ballistic motion and the energy are calculated using an optimization process. Constraints such no take off, no sliding, and position of the center of pression are considered for these optimizations algorithms
Self-Healing Nanotextured Vascular-like Materials: Mode I Crack Propagation (2017)

Here, we investigate crack propagation initiated from an initial notch in a self-healing material. The crack propagation in the core-shell nanofiber mats formed by coelectrospinning and the composites reinforced by them is in focus. All samples are observed from the crack initiation until complete failure. Due to the short-time experiments done on purpose, the resin and cure released from the cores of the core-shell nanofibers could not achieve a complete curing and stop crack growth, especially given the fact that no heating was used. The aim is to elucidate their effect on the rate of crack propagation. The crack propagation speed in polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-resin-cure nanofiber mats (with PAN being the polymer in the shell) was remarkably lower than that in the corresponding monolithic PAN nanofiber mat, down to 10%. The nanofiber mats were also encased in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to form composites. The crack shape and propagation in the composite samples were studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically, and the theoretical results revealed agreement with the experimental data.
Plasma-initiated polymerization and its applications (1981)

Plasma initiated polymerization is discussed. Topics include: polymerization of a vinyl monomer, solid phase polymerization, and inorganic ring compound polymers.
Serenoa repens extract in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2011)

We are experiencing a revival of interest in phytotherapeutic agents, both in Europe and North America, especially as a consequence of patients' dissatisfaction with the adverse effects of the medical alternatives. One of the most frequently prescribed and studied such agents is Serenoa repens extract, derived from the berry of the dwarf palm tree. We aimed to review the most important published data regarding this type of treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. A review of the existing articles regarding the use of Serenoa repens extracts for benign prostatic hyperplasia was performed. The articles were analysed with regard to their relevance, scientific value and the size of the evaluated series. Multiple mechanisms of action have been attributed to this extract, including antiandrogenic action, an anti-inflammatory/anti-oedematous effect, prolactin signal modulation, and an antiproliferative effect exerted through the inhibition of growth factors. Regarding efficacy, European Association of Urology guidelines state that Serenoa repens extracts significantly reduce nocturia in comparison with placebo. However, the guideline committee is unable to make specific recommendations about phytotherapy of male lower urinary tract symptoms owing to the heterogeneity of the products and the methodological problems associated with meta-analyses. Most of the published trials regarding Serenoa repens phytotherapy demonstrate a significant improvement of urinary status and a favourable safety profile. Also, some authors have credited it with giving a significant improvement in erectile function and decreasing complications following transurethral resection of the prostate, especially bleeding. The results of phytotherapy with Serenoa repens extracts are very promising. More high-quality, randomized, placebo-controlled studies are required in order to demonstrate without doubt the true therapeutic value of these products. Particular attention must be focused on differentiating between registered preparations, which are regulated as drugs, and those considered to be food supplements.
Fast Parallel Computation of Tate Pairing (2011)

In pairing-based cryptography, Miller's algorithm plays a key role in the calculation of pairing. Currently, most of the optimizations of Miller's algorithm are of serial structure. In this paper, we propose a parallel method for efficiently computing pairing. Our method can be applied to super singular elliptic curves and ordinary elliptic curves which are suitable for pairing-based cryptography. Compared with general version of Miller's algorithm, our method has a gain of around 50.0\%.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐ caprolactone) copolymers: influence of sequential monomer addition on chain microstructure (2007)

Abstract A series of copolymers with various compositions were synthesized by one‐step and two‐step bulk ring‐opening polymerizations of L ‐lactide (LA) and ε ‐caprolactone (CL) using stannous octoate [Sn(Oct) 2 ] and 1‐hexanol as the initiating system. For the sequential two‐step polymerization, a poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL) prepolymer was polymerized first to a percent conversion of approximately 70% and LA then added in order to produce a copolymer with a chain microstructure different from that obtained from the corresponding one‐step reaction. The resulting copolymers were characterized using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The average sequence lengths of the lactidyl ( $l_{{\rm LL}}^{\rm e}$ ) and caproyl ( $l_{{\rm cap}}^{\rm e}$ ) units, the degree of randomness ( R ) and the transesterification coefficient ( T (II) ) were calculated from the 13 C‐NMR spectra. The appearance of a signal due to CapLCap sequences was directly attributable to transesterification of lactidyl (LL) units. It was found that both $l_{{\rm LL}}^{\rm e}$ and $l_{{\rm cap}}^{\rm e}$ values from the two‐step syntheses were significantly longer than from the corresponding one‐step syntheses, leading to different semi‐crystalline morphologies and chain microstructures. The copolymers all showed at least some blocky chain structure as a result of the significant difference in monomer reactivity (LA &gt; CL) between LA and CL. Thermal properties including stability depended on both composition and chain microstructure which could be controlled by the method of synthesis. From their DSC curves, the two‐step copolymers were seen to be semi‐crystalline whereas the one‐step copolymers were mainly amorphous. A more blocky microstructure, as obtained from the two‐step method, appeared to result in a lower thermal stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
IAC control system analysis development (1982)

The MultiOptimal Differential Equation Language (MODEL) is described. It provides a means for generating numerical solutions to systems of differential equations using a digital computer. The notation of this language is similar to that usually used in describing physical systems by differential equations. Thus, the learning process is simplified, programming becomes easier, and debugging is more readily accomplished. Programs written in the MultiOptimal Differential Equation Language are machine translated into FORTRAN 4 code which is optimal in several respects. The interactive version of MODEL makes use of interactive system routines so that the user may observe the solution as it is being generated and interact with the program in a manner similar to that associated with analog simulation. The DISCOS-Control version of the MODEL simulation language is used to describe the control system for a plant which is modelled by the DISCOS program. DISCOS plant variables may be referenced in the control system description and all the sensor signals, coupling torques, momentum devices and external loads are automatically linked to the DISCOS plant model.
Start-up of horizontal anaerobic reactors with sludge blanket and fixed bed for wastewater treatment from coffee processing by wet method (2013)

In this study it was evaluated the start-up procedures of anaerobic treatment system with three horizontal anaerobic reactors (R1, R2 and R3), installed in series, with volume of 1.2 L each. R1 had sludge blanket, and R2 and R3 had half supporter of bamboo and coconut fiber, respectively. As an affluent, it was synthesized wastewater from mechanical pulping of the coffee fruit by wet method, with a mean value of total chemical oxygen demand (CODtotal) of 16,003 mg L-1. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in each reactor was 30 h. The volumetric organic loading (VOL) applied in R1 varied from 8.9 to 25.0 g of CODtotal (L d)-1. The mean removal efficiencies of CODtotal varied from 43 to 97% in the treatment system (R1+R2+R3), stabilizing above 80% after 30 days of operation. The mean content of methane in the biogas were of 70 to 76%, the mean volumetric production was 1.7 L CH4 (L reactor d)-1 in the system, and the higher conversions were around at 0.20 L CH4 (g CODremoved)-1 in R1 and R2. The mean values of pH in the effluents ranged from 6.8 to 8.3 and the mean values of total volatile acids remained below 200 mg L-1 in the effluent of R3. The concentrations of total phenols of the affluent ranged from 45 to 278 mg L-1, and the mean removal efficiency was of 52%. The start-up of the anaerobic treatment system occurred after 30 days of operation as a result of inoculation with anaerobic sludge with active microbiota.
Editorial: ‘Talis pater, talis filius’ (2022)

LINKED CONTENT This article is linked to Park et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17257
A novel interacting multiple model method for nonlinear target tracking (2010)

The state estimation of targets is a difficult task, particularly if the target exhibits nonlinear behaviour, which is often the case. Currently, the most popular filters used in target tracking are the Kalman filter (KF) and its various forms, as well as the particle filter (PF). Introduced in 2007, the smooth variable structure filter (SVSF) is a relatively new predictor-corrector method based on sliding mode estimation. In the past, this filter has been used successfully for the state and parameter estimation of mechanical and electrical systems for the purpose of control. This paper introduces a new interacting multiple model (IMM) method that makes use of the SVSF estimation strategy. An air traffic control (ATC) problem is used to compare the common EKF-IMM with the proposed SVSF-IMM in terms of tracking accuracy, robustness, and computational complexity. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that the SVSF is an effective method for nonlinear target tracking.
Opening the OPK Assay Gatekeeper: Harnessing Multi-Modal Protection by Pneumococcal Vaccines (2019)

Pneumococcal vaccine development is driven by the achievement of high activity in a single gatekeeper assay: the bacterial opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) assay. New evidence challenges the dogma that anti-capsular antibodies have only a single function that predicts success. The emerging concept of multi-modal protection presents an array of questions that are fundamental to adopting a new vaccine design process. If antibodies have hidden non-opsonic functions that are protective, should these be optimized for better vaccines? What would protein antigens add to protective activity? Are cellular immune functions additive to antibodies for success? Do different organs benefit from different modes of protection? Can vaccine activities beyond OPK protect the immunocompromised host? This commentary raises these issues at a time when capsule-only OPK assay-based vaccines are increasingly seen as a limiting strategy.
Simulation and Validation Testing of the Effect of Novel Electrolyte Design on Thermal Propagation of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2021)

Lithium-ion batteries are an increasingly prevalent source of power in grid storage applications and electric powertrains, given its high energy density and extended cycle life. However, lithium-ion batteries carry significant safety risks and are a growing hazard due to possible fires that can be caused by overheating, physical cues (i.e., crushing or penetration of cell), overcharging and short-circuits. These risks are greatly increased when focus shifts from a single cell to either modules or packs, where an individual cell entering thermal runaway propagates to adjacent cells. In spite of multiple protections battery packs have in recent times been known to fail. It is well understood that thermal runaway occurs when the self-heating rate in the cell exceeds the heat dissipation out of the cell. This self-heating is the product of undesired side-reactions in the cell which are onset by abuse conditions such as excess heat, internal short circuits, etc. The key to inhibiting thermal runaway is to modify the cell such that the self-heating rate under abuse conditions is significantly reduced. Reducing the self-heating rate is important when considering battery packs that consist of many cells as is the case in electric vehicles, so that if one cell fails in a pack the thermal runaway does not propagate to adjacent cells. Our approach therefore is to modify the electrolyte system to reduce the overall cell self-heating rate. This is a tunable, drop-in solution to addressing the need for improving battery safety. The incorporation of NOHMs novel safe electrolyte formulation is shown to impact the abuse tolerance of cells on both the material level, i.e. the electrolyte-electrode interaction and on the cell level. The presented electrolyte systems demonstrate reduced overall energy and peak heat flow in the exotherm profiles of NMC cathode materials as well as lithiated graphite via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With this approach, we demonstrate significantly lower self-heating rates in an 18650 lithium-ion cell via an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). Using the self-heating rate data produced via ARC testing we developed a thermal runaway model to simulate thermal propagation in battery packs consisting of seven 18650 lithium-ion cells arranged in a honeycomb configuration. The self-heating rate is translated into thermal power generation for individual cells surrounding a ‘trigger cell’, a cell that has entered thermal runaway. The model suggests that changes in the electrolyte system as measured by ARC mitigates cell-to-cell thermal propagation in event of an individual cell thermal runaway (Figure 1). This simulation is then validated with a real pack by inducing thermal runaway in the center cell with a nail penetration test. NOHMs novel safe electrolyte development carries significance in not only safer individual cells but also in safer overall battery packs. Figure 1
Effect of post-annealing on ultra-high frequency properties of amorphous Fe-Co-B thin films (2000)

In this paper, FeCoB amorphous thin films were deposited on glass substrates using a triode sputtering source under a uniform applied magnetic field. The as-deposited films exhibit a low coercivity of /spl sim/1.7 Oe, a high anisotropy field of /spl sim/37 Oe and 4/spl pi/M/sub s//spl sim/17.5 kG, when sputtered with a bias voltage of 180 V. The large anisotropy fields and saturations in these films result in a ferromagnetic resonance frequency as high as /spl sim/2.63 GHz, a relative permeability /spl mu/' of /spl sim/400-500 and a low dissipation /spl mu/" of 10-30 in the frequency range of 0.1-1 GHz. Upon subsequent annealing at 200-400/spl deg/C for 2 hrs, the magnetic properties of the films are found to be affected significantly. The magnetic properties of the as-deposited and the annealed films have been compared with a considering of the microstructure modification during annealing.