gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsular Synovial-like Hyperplasia Around Mammary Implants Similar to Detritic Synovitis (1995)

Formation of a fibrous envelope around the implant, a so-called capsule with resultant contracture of the prosthesis, is an occasional complication of augmentation mammoplasty. The capsulectomy specimen contains mature scar tissue with mononuclear cells, histiocytes, and foreign body giant cells. We studied 15 capsulectomy specimens. Seven showed a striking form of papillary villous synovial-like hyperplasia similar to detritic synovitis, a form of proliferative synovitis caused by orthopedic prosthetic devices. There was an accompanying infiltration of the subcapsular surface by mononuclear cells, giant cells, and chronic inflammatory cells. This reaction was independent of the type of prosthetic device. In one case, foreign material consistent with polyurethane was demonstrated by histology and electron microscopy. Among eight cases without capsular synovial-like hyperplasia (CSH), two showed dense fibrous tissue with foamy macrophages, and the rest showed fat necrosis, foreign body giant cell reaction, and occasional evidence of foreign material, including silicone granulomas. We stained four of the CSH, two with silicone granulomas, and one sample with dense fibrous tissue with peanut agglutinin and antibodies against vimentin and S-100 protein. Selected cases were also stained for concanavalin A and cytokeratin. CSH stained for concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin, and vimentin but was negative for cytokeratin. Our cases showed a striking similarity in the staining pattern of CSH, detritic synovitis, and normal synovium. We conclude that CSH of the mammary prosthetic capsule is pathophysiologically similar to proliferative synovitis.
A 600 µA 32 kHz Input 960 MHz Output CP-PLL With 530 ps Integrated Jitter in 28 nm FD-SOI Process (2015)

This paper presents a 32 kHz input and 960 MHz output low-power charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) with a novel dual-path loop-filter for resistor noise reduction technique. The resistor noise reduction technique using dual-path loop-filter involves no “additional” active component; area/power overhead compared to the conventional CP-PLL. Reverse sub-threshold leakage compensated source-switched charge-pump (SS-CP) is employed in the PLL for improved reference spur performance. The PLL with minimum analog supply voltage of 1.62 V and minimum digital supply voltage of 0.65 V; with die area of 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is designed and fabricated in 28 nm STMicroelectronics FD-SOI process. The silicon measurement results have been included and the PLL performance includes total integrated jitter of 530 ps, reference spur of -65 dBc and current consumption of 600 μA.
Nonlinear Behavioral Modelling of Voltage Transformers in the Frequency Domain: Comparing Different Approaches (2020)

Instrument transformers suffer from weak nonlinearities, which may have a significant impact on harmonic measurements. Therefore, their detailed characterization should be based on a nonlinear model instead of a mere measurement of the frequency response function. Starting from this assumption, this article compares different models that can be employed to represent the behavior of voltage transformers (VTs): simplified Volterra models, frequency transfer matrixes (FTMs), and spectral linearization approximation; an inductive VT has been considered as a case study. The results highlight that the FTM approach is significantly affected by the range of variation of the fundamental component, while remarkable accuracy can be reached with the spectral linearization approximation at the expense of complexity. On the other hand, simplified Volterra models allow obtaining an effective tradeoff between the achieved accuracy and the number of coefficients.
Active Affective State Detection and User Assistance With Dynamic Bayesian Networks (2004)

With the rapid development of pervasive and ubiquitous computing applications, intelligent user-assistance systems face challenges of ambiguous, uncertain, and multimodal sensory observations, user's changing state, and various constraints on available resources and costs in making decisions. We introduce a new probabilistic framework based on the dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) to dynamically model and recognize user's affective states and to provide the appropriate assistance in order to keep user in a productive state. We incorporate an active sensing mechanism into the DBN framework to perform purposive and sufficing information integration in order to infer user's affective state and to provide correct assistance in a timely and efficient manner. Experiments involving both synthetic and real data demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework as well as the effectiveness of the proposed active sensing strategy.
Emergence in late 2020 of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variants affecting amino acid position 677 (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S) plays critical roles in host cell entry. Non-synonymous substitutions affecting S are not uncommon and have become fixed in a number of SARS-CoV-2 lineages. A subset of such mutations enable escape from neutralizing antibodies or are thought to enhance transmission through mechanisms such as increased affinity for the cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Independent genomic surveillance programs based in New Mexico and Louisiana contemporaneously detected the rapid rise of numerous clade 20G (lineage B.1.2) infections carrying a Q677P substitution in S. The variant was first detected in the US on October 23, yet between 01 Dec 2020 and 19 Jan 2021 it rose to represent 27.8% and 11.3% of all SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced from Louisiana and New Mexico, respectively. Q677P cases have been detected predominantly in the south central and southwest United States; as of 03 Feb 2021, GISAID data show 499 viral sequences of this variant from the USA. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the independent evolution and spread of at least six distinct Q677H sub-lineages, with first collection dates ranging from mid-August to late November 2020. Four 677H clades from clade 20G (B.1.2), 20A (B.1.234), and 20B (B.1.1.220, and B.1.1.222) each contain roughly 100 or fewer sequenced cases, while a distinct pair of clade 20G clusters are represented by 754 and 298 cases, respectively. Although sampling bias and founder effects may have contributed to the rise of S:677 polymorphic variants, the proximity of this position to the polybasic cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary are consistent with its potential functional relevance during cell entry, suggesting parallel evolution of a trait that may confer an advantage in spread or transmission. Taken together, our findings demonstrate simultaneous convergent evolution, thus providing an impetus to further evaluate S:677 polymorphisms for effects on proteolytic processing, cell tropism, and transmissibility.
Concurrent Sampling with Local Digitization — An Alternative to Analog Test Bus (2018)

This paper presents a Concurrent Sampling (CS) method for measuring a multitude of analog DC voltages concurrently using local digitization. Boolean results after digitization are routed in an IJTAG compatible fashion. Analog quantities are no longer routed across the die, thus overcoming several limitations of Analog Test Buses. Furthermore, the proposed method enables real-time measurement of analog voltages, thus addressing a growing need for Automotive test and reliability. The proposed method is applied to an analog circuit consisting of widely used analog blocks such as a bandgap reference and an operational amplifier. Transistor level simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is functional and the drawbacks of the ATB are no longer present.
Sociality and Mobility-Based Caching Strategy for Device-to-Device Communications Underlying Heterogeneous Networks (2019)

Proactive content caching at the wireless network edge, such as users and small base stations (SBSs), is an effective way to deal with high mobile traffic. In this paper, based on the user mobility and social relationships, we investigate the optimal caching strategy in device-to-device (D2D) communications underlying heterogeneous networks, where several SBSs are within the coverage of a macrobase station (MBS). Except for SBSs, important users (IUs) hired by an operator also cache files. First, assuming that user preference, i.e., the probability distribution of different file requests of users, are unknown, we cluster users and predict each user preference based on their history file requests by fitting to the Zipf distribution. Second, we derive the closed-form expression of the average system cost by jointly considering the mobility of users and the social relationship between them. With the purpose of minimizing the average system cost, we optimize the SBSs and IU caching strategies. The optimization problem is NP-complete. To solve the problem, we demonstrate that this problem belongs to the minimization of a supermodular function over a partition matroid, and thus, we provide a locally greedy caching algorithm with an approximation ratio of 2 to obtain the sub-optimal solution in polynomial time. Finally, since the operator can reduce the system cost by hiring more IUs, requiring higher payments, we reach a tradeoff by determining the number of IUs. The simulation results show that the proposed caching strategy outperforms the traditional caching strategy, and the suboptimal solution obtained by proposing the greedy algorithm is close to the optimal solution.
Model Transport: Towards Scalable Transfer Learning on Manifolds (2014)

We consider the intersection of two research fields: transfer learning and statistics on manifolds. In particular, we consider, for manifold-valued data, transfer learning of tangent-space models such as Gaussians distributions, PCA, regression, or classifiers. Though one would hope to simply use ordinary R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -transfer learning ideas, the manifold structure prevents it. We overcome this by basing our method on inner-product-preserving parallel transport, a well-known tool widely used in other problems of statistics on manifolds in computer vision. At first, this straight-forward idea seems to suffer from an obvious shortcoming: Transporting large datasets is prohibitively expensive, hindering scalability. Fortunately, with our approach, we never transport data. Rather, we show how the statistical models themselves can be transported, and prove that for the tangent-space models above, the transport "commutes" with learning. Consequently, our compact framework, ap- plicable to a large class of manifolds, is not restricted by the size of either the training or test sets. We demonstrate the approach by transferring PCA and logistic-regression models of real-world data involving 3D shapes and image descriptors.
Extending the accredited low flow liquid calibration range (2017)

There is an increasing demand for ISO/IEC 17025:2005 accredited liquid flow calibrations in the range of 1 g/h to 30 kg/h. The accredited Low Flow liquid Calibration Setup [1] (LFCS) at Bronkhorst® covers a flow range of 1 to 200 g/h, leaving a traceability gap in the flow range of 0.2 to 30 kg/h. By extending the calibration setup with two new balances it can perform calibrations from 1 g/h to 30 kg/h, thus covering the traceability gap. Crosschecks between references show good consistency and the setup extension was successfully accredited for ISO/IEC 17025:2005 calibrations. By participating in an intercomparison with National Metrology Institutes (NMI’s) the uncertainty of the LFCS extension is traceable to European NMI’s.
Developing trust in recommender agents (2002)

Trust is one of the most important social concepts that helps human agents to cope with their social environment and is present in all human interaction.Like in real world, agents should rely in some agents and mistrust in other ones to achieve a purpose.In this paper we develop a model of trust in the collaborative world as a new approach of recommender agents development.Mainly, we provide recommender agents with a technology to look for similar agents that advice him.The model presented comprehends the evolution of trust, that is, trust dynamics.Moreover, the model proposed emphasizes proactiveness since the agent looks for other agents in a lack for information situation instead of remaining passive or providing either a negative or empty answer to the user.
Urinary ammonia and ammonia-producing microorganisms in infants with and without diaper dermatitis (1977)

• Free ammonia was determined in diaper squeezings from 26 infants with "ammoniacal dermatitis" and in 82 controls. No significant difference was found (402 ppm in diaper dermatitis compared to 465 in controls). The groups did not differ with regard to the incidence of organisms capable of splitting ammonia from urea. Experimental application of highly ammoniacal urine on intact infant and adult skin failed to provoke a dermatitis. Erythema could be induced only when ammoniacal urine was applied occlusively to scarified skin. These findings do not support the notion that ammonia is a primary factor in common diaper rash, but do not exclude a possible role for further irritation in an already existent condition. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>113:1678-1680, 1977)
Black Children and the American Dilemma: The Invisible Tears of Invisible Children (2006)

This article invokes the theme of invisibility as a metaphorical way of demonstrating the conditions of Black children in America. The theme of invisibility is examined during the period of slavery, and in the context of various social issues and movements such as school desegregation, the civil rights movement and transracial adoption. In each instance the true needs of Black children are sacrificed in exchange for other social goals that adults deemed more important. Though the needs of Black children were offered as the reason for policy changes, the children were never the beneficiaries of the change. The article argues for a new social policy that will make the needs of children of color and poor children a national priority. Unless this occurs, the dreams of Black children will continue to be deferred, and the nightmares that have governed their lives will continue to haunt them and this nation.
Deracemization of Quaternary Stereocenters by Pd‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Decarboxylative Allylation of Racemic β‐Ketoesters (2005)

Stereochemical alchemy! Racemic allyl β-ketoesters allow the regiocontrolled formation of enolates, where the same catalyst is intimately involved in both the stereoablative (CC bond-breaking) and stereoselective (CC bond-forming) steps. This mechanistic and practical insight led to the formation of multiple quaternary carbon stereocenters in a single cascade reaction (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502018_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Iminosugar C‐Glycosides Work as Pharmacological Chaperones of NAGLU, a Glycosidase Involved in MPS IIIB Rare Disease** (2021)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB is a devastating neurological disease caused by a lack of the lysosomal enzyme, α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), leading to a toxic accumulation of heparan sulfate. Herein we explored a pharmacological chaperone approach to enhance the residual activity of NAGLU in patient fibroblasts. Capitalizing on the three-dimensional structures of two modest homoiminosugar-based NAGLU inhibitors in complex with bacterial homolog of NAGLU, CpGH89, we have synthesized a library of 17 iminosugar C-glycosides mimicking N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and bearing various pseudo-anomeric substituents of both α- and β-configuration. Elaboration of the aglycon moiety results in low micromolar selective inhibitors of human recombinant NAGLU, but surprisingly it is the non-functionalized and wrongly configured β-homoiminosugar that was proved to act as the most promising pharmacological chaperone, promoting a 2.4 fold activity enhancement of mutant NAGLU at its optimal concentration.
Sequential transforms associated with Gaussian processes on function space (2016)

We define two generalized sequential transforms on the function space [Formula: see text]. In order to find the essential structure of the generalized sequential transforms we first investigate the relationships between the generalized analytic [Formula: see text]-Feynman integral and the generalized [Formula: see text]-function space integral. We then establish the existences of our sequential transforms on [Formula: see text]. One of these sequential transforms identifies the generalized analytic [Formula: see text]-Fourier–Feynman transform and the other transform plays a role as an inverse transform of the generalized analytic [Formula: see text]-Fourier–Feynman transform.
Colloidal systems for crystallization processes from liquid phase (2013)

Colloidal systems are involved in crystallization processes in many different ways: on one hand, colloids may be used as controlling or structure-directing agents, as nanoreactors and as scaffolds and templates for crystallization. On the other hand, it is very often desirable to obtain colloidal particles in a crystalline or nanocrystalline state. In this highlight, we cover the challenges and the recent advances on the following topics: (i) the use of polymer colloids as additives for crystallization due to their ability to control nucleation and growth and even to promote enantiomer resolution by enantioselective crystallization; (ii) state of the art in the preparation of inorganic crystalline colloids; and (iii) the application of colloidal systems (i.e., colloidal particles, droplets, micelles and vesicles) as supports, templates and nanoreactors for inorganic crystallization.
MXene: A New Family of Promising Hydrogen Storage Medium (2013)

Searching for reversible hydrogen storage materials operated under ambient conditions is a big challenge for material scientists and chemists. In this work, using density functional calculations, we systematically investigated the hydrogen storage properties of the two-dimensional (2D) Ti2C phase, which is a representative of the recently synthesized MXene materials ( ACS Nano 2012 , 6 , 1322 ). As a constituent element of 2D Ti2C phase, the Ti atoms are fastened tightly by the strong Ti-C covalent bonds, and thus the long-standing clustering problem of transition metal does not exist. Combining with the calculated binding energy of 0.272 eV, ab initio molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the hydrogen molecules (3.4 wt % hydrogen storage capacity) bound by Kubas-type interaction can be adsorbed and released reversibly under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, the hydrogen storage properties of the other two MXene phases (Sc2C and V2C) were also evaluated, and the results were similar to those of Ti2C. Therefore, the MXene family including more than 20 members was expected to be a good candidate for reversible hydrogen storage materials under ambient conditions.
Effects on Carbohydrate Partitioning and Metabolism (2015)

One of the many amazing things about plants is that they are the nutritional foundation for life on the planet. When examining the effects of pathogens on carbohydrate partitioning and metabolism in the host, it is important to consider the mode of nutrition of the pathogen. In plant–pathogen interactions, down-regulation of photosynthesis, coupled with an increased demand for carbohydrates, often results in a transition of source tissue into sink tissue. Virus-infected source leaves are usually characterised by reduced rates of photosynthesis, decreased concentrations of soluble sugars and starch accumulation. Alterations in carbon assimilation and partitioning are important as plants prepare for defence, as carbon skeletons and energy are required for biosynthetic reactions. Many parasitic plants, particularly holoparasites, compete directly with the host for assimilates. Good examples are holoparasites from the genus Orobanche, which parasitize a wide range of hosts.
Oxidative C–H/N–H Annulation of Aromatic Amides with Dialkyl Malonates: Access to Isoindolinones and Dihydrobenzoindoles (2020)

A copper-mediated oxidative C-H/N-H annulation of aromatic amides with dialkyl malonates has been presented to afford synthetically valuable dihydrobenzoindoles and isoindolinones. The reaction proceeds through direct oxidative C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-H/C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H coupling followed by an intramolecular N-H/C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H dehydrogenative coupling to deliver the target motifs with broad scope and functional group tolerance.
Silica Supported Organometallic IrI Complexes Enable Efficient Catalytic Methane Borylation (2023)

Catalytic C-H borylation is an attractive method for the conversion of the most abundant hydrocarbon, methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), to a mild nucleophilic building block. However, existing CH<sub>4</sub> borylation catalysts often suffer from low turnover numbers and conversions, which is hypothesized to result from inactive metal hydride agglomerates. Herein we report that the heterogenization of a bisphosphine molecular precatalyst, [(dmpe)Ir(cod)CH<sub>3</sub>], onto amorphous silica dramatically enhances its performance, yielding a catalyst that is 12-times more efficient than the current standard for CH<sub>4</sub> borylation. The catalyst affords over 2000 turnovers at 150 °C in 16 h with a selectivity of 91.5% for mono- vs diborylation. Higher catalyst loadings improve yield and selectivity for the monoborylated product (H<sub>3</sub>CBpin) with 82.8% yield and >99% selectivity being achieved with 1255 turnovers. X-ray absorption and dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopic studies identify the supported precatalyst as an Ir<sup>I</sup> species, and indicate that upon completion of catalysis, multinuclear Ir polyhydrides are not formed. This is consistent with the hypothesis that immobilization of the organometallic Ir species on a surface prevents bimolecular decomposition pathways. Immobilization of the homogeneous Ir<sup>I</sup> fragment onto amorphous silica represents a unique and simple strategy to improve the TON and longevity of a CH<sub>4</sub> borylation catalyst.