gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid nanoparticles for topical and transdermal application for alopecia treatment: development, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro release and penetration studies (2014)

Alopecia is a dermatological disorder, commonly known as hair loss, which affects up to half of the Caucasian male population by middle age, and almost all (95%) Caucasian men by old age. Considering that alopecia affects so many people and that there is currently no scientifically proven treatment with few side effects, new drug-delivery systems able to improve alopecia therapy are urgently required. With this purpose in mind, the present study aimed to develop lipid nanoparticles (nanostructured lipid carriers) with the ability to incorporate and deliver anti-alopecia active compounds (minoxidil and finasteride) into the dermis and hair follicles. Lipid nanoparticles, prepared by ultrasonication method, showed mean particle sizes around 200 nm, which is sufficient for reaching the dermis and hair follicles, and zeta potential values around -30 mV, which indicates good physical stability. Over 28 days of storage, no significant variations in these parameters were observed, which indicates that all nanoformulations are stable in storage over that period. Cryo-scanning electron microscope measurements showed that all the lipid nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape and a smooth surface regardless of their composition. Differential scanning calorimetry studies allowed the determination of phase transition temperatures and confirmed the recrystallization of the lipid nanoparticles (recrystallization index between 11% and 86%). A high loading efficiency was achieved for finasteride (between 70% and 90%), while less than 30% was achieved for minoxidil nanoparticles, over 28 days. Controlled release assays in physiological conditions demonstrated that nanoparticles loaded with minoxidil yielded a prolonged release, as desired. Penetration assays through pig ear skin demonstrated that nanoparticles loaded with minoxidil and finasteride had low levels of penetration. These results suggest that the proposed novel formulation presents several good characteristics indicating their suitability for dermal delivery of anti-alopecia active compounds.
Écoulement de fluides à seuil en milieux poreux ou fracturés (2013)

Nous étudions numériquement et expérimentalement l'écoulement d'un fluide à seuil en milieux poreux ou fracturés. Les fluides à seuil se caractérisent par la présence d'une contrainte en dessous de laquelle le fluide ne peut pas s'écouler. A pression imposée, le seuil d'écoulement dépend très fortement du confinement. Nous étudierons ce seuil d'écoulement en milieu poreux ou fracturés. Dans un premier temps, nous présenterons la méthode numérique de type 'Lattice Boltzmann' à deux temps de relaxation qui permet de résoudre l'écoulement de fluide de Bingham dans un milieux poreux ou une fracture. Les milieux poreux se caractérisent par une très forte hétérogénéité du confinement. Nous verrons dans un second temps, comment ce désordre, généré de manière stochastique, conduit à différents régimes d'écoulement.
Nonstationary nonlinear effects in optical microspheres (2005)

Thermal nonlinearity can produce oscillatory instability in optical microspheres. We experimentally demonstrate this instability and analyze the conditions needed to observe this regime. The observed behavior is in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation. In pure fused silica with low optical absorption the thermal oscillations are suppressed owing to an interaction of thermal and Kerr nonlinearities. We also describe experimentally observed slow and irreversible thermo-optical processes in microspheres.
Fabrication and experimental characterization of cascaded SOI micro-rings for highthroughput label-free molecular sensing (2013)

We have designed, fabricated, and characterized cascaded ring resonator on silicon on insulator, SOI, chips. This resonator configuration allows for simultaneously gathering multi-parametric information on gaseous/fluidic solutions in contact with sensors, without requiring molecular labeling.
Dissecting Foreign Bank Lending Behavior During the 2008–2009 Crisis (2016)

This paper analyzes the lending behavior of foreign‐owned banks during the recent global crisis. Using bank‐level panel data for 51 countries, the paper explores the role of affiliate and parent financial characteristics, host location, as well as the impact of parent geographic origin and reach on foreign banks’ credit growth. Overall, the analysis finds robust evidence that foreign banks curtailed the growth of credit relative to other banks, independent of the host region in which they operate. Banks from the United States reduced loan growth less than other parent banks. Neither the global nor regional reach of parent banks influenced the lending growth of foreign affiliates. Parent capitalization and not parent funding explained the behavior of foreign bank credit growth during the global crisis. However, funding did affect the lending behavior of domestic and foreign banks in host countries, with those relying more heavily on deposits suffering a smaller decline in bank lending. Although not the focus of the paper, we also find that government‐owned banks played a countercyclical role in all regions.
Integration of a molecular linkage group containing the broomrape resistance gene Or5 into an RFLP map in sunflower (1999)

A linkage group containing the Or5 gene conferring resistance to Orobanche cumana race E, as well as 5 SCAR markers and 1 RAPD marker has been recently identified in sunflower. A SCAR marker RTS05, mapped 5.6 cM proximal to the Or5 locus, was analysed in an F 2 population for which the segregation data of 80 RFLP markers (GIE cartisol - Phase II, France) were available. An association was found between the SCAR marker RTS05 and an RFLP marker S009 (32.1 cM, LOD = 4.7) that had been mapped to the linkage group 17 of the GIE Cartisol RFLP map. Another RFLP marker S010, tightly linked to S009 (0.0 cM) in the same linkage group, was screened in the F 2 population that had been previously used for the Or5 linkage map identification. S010 was found to be significantly linked to all 5 SCAR markers as well as to the single RAPD marker with a LOD &gt; 3.0 in each case. This RFLP marker was mapped between two SCAR markers and was situated at 35.1 cM from the resistance gene with a LOD = 2.7. These results showed that the Or5 linkage group could be integrated with the linkage group 17 of the GIE Cartisol RFLP map.Key words: Helianthus, Orobanche, RFLP, SCAR, linkage map.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Precipitated Silica Filled Rubber: Influence of Morphology and Coupling Agent (2003)

Abstract Composites that incorporate precipitated silica into a vulcanized rubber were investigated for dynamic mechanical properties. Comparing different types of filler, it was found that the mean distance between particles did not alter Payne effect. On the contrary, the amount and morphology of the fillers played a major role on the macroscopic properties. The nature and amount of coupling or covering agents was also found to be an important parameter. A direct relationship between length and efficiency of interface agents was evidenced: longer silanes were more effective than shorter once independently from a covalent bounding to rubber. The set of studied parameters affecting Payne effect can be reduced to only two independents variables: the total amount of silica-rubber interface (a function of the amount of filler and its BET surface) and the quantity and nature of interface agent. From these data an attempt to relate the rubber to filler cohesion to Payne effect is proposed as well as a molecular mechanism derived from Maier and Göritz model. A mathematical treatment of the proposed mechanisms is currently being investigated that might help giving further insights on novel ways to further reduce Payne effect.
Reduced Bioavailability of Moisture‐Exposed Carbamazepine Resulting in Status Epilepticus (1993)

Summary: A 28‐year‐old man with seizures well controlled with carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) developed generalized convulsive status epilepticus three days after his CBZ tablets became wet during a rainstorm while he was camping out. He continued the CBZ but avoided ingesting obviously disintegrating tablets. The VPA was not exposed to excessive moisture. Previous random CBZ blood levels had been in the range of 9–13 μg/ml; at the time of admission to the emergency room the level had decreased to 3.8 μg/ml. The VPA level did not change significantly from baseline. The moistureexposed CBZ tablets were of expected weight but were swollen and enlarged. Analysis of these tablets by USP paddle method 2 demonstrated a mean dissolution of 16% at 60 min as compared with &gt;80% for fresh CBZ tablets. After final dissolution of the moisture‐exposed CBZ tablets, normal quantities of active drug were noted. We propose that poor dissolution of moisture‐exposed CBZ tablets results in reduced bioavailability. We urge caution in the packaging and storage of CBZ to avoid exposure to moisture.
Syntheses of Dimethoxybenzimidazoles, Dihydroxybenzimidazoles and Imidazo-p-benzoquinones (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of Dimethoxybenzimidazoles, Dihydroxybenzimidazoles and Imidazo-p-benzoquinonesLESTER WEINBERGER and ALLAN R. DAYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 10, 1451–1455Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01092a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01092a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1004Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transfluthrin Spatial Repellent on US Military Materials Reduces Culex tarsalis Incursion in a Desert Environment (2020)

Standard residual pesticides applied to US military materials such as camouflage netting can reduce mosquito biting pressure in the field but may contribute to the evolution of resistance. However, residual applications of a spatial repellent such as transfluthrin could allow mosquitoes the opportunity to escape, only inducing mortality if insects linger, for example after becoming trapped in a treated tent. In this study we investigated the capability of transfluthrin on 2 types of US military material to reduce natural populations of disease vector mosquitoes in a cool-arid desert field environment in southern California. We found that transfluthrin could reduce <i>Culex tarsalis</i> incursion into protected areas by up to 100% upon initial treatment and up to 45% for at least 16 days posttreatment, showing that this compound could be an effective element in the US Department of Defense integrated vector management system appropriate for further study.
The parallel agile process: Applying parallel processing techniques to software engineering (2018)

Abstract For the last 4 years, we have been experimenting with the parallel agile (PA) approach. PA achieves significant schedule compression by leveraging parallelism; large teams of developers can independently and concurrently develop scenarios from initial concept through code. This paper summarizes our experience in defining and evolving PA by applying it to four representative emergent‐technology applications: location‐based advertising, picture sharing, bad driver reporting, and a VR/AR game project. In comparison with the mainstream architected agile process that we had been using on similar systems, the PA process has consistently achieved significant speedups in system development while simultaneously reducing defects. PA uses storyboards and prototypes to define both sunny‐day and rainy‐day scenarios, defines requirements for each use case, and decomposes each use case into a conceptual model‐view‐controller (MVC) pattern. PA also uses code generation from UML models to rapidly construct a domain‐driven microservice architecture at the inception of a project. This microservice architecture is then used to enable prototype code to interact with a live database during requirements definition. PA then uses automatic test case generation from the same UML model. The paper summarizes the overall challenge of software schedule compression, identifies managed parallel development as generally the most powerful but least‐practiced strategy for schedule compression, and summarizes the key elements required to support parallelism. It then summarizes the key techniques for scaling up PA, using a previous million‐line command and control project as an example. We have used MS‐degree graduate student projects to gather productivity data because the university environment has afforded us the opportunity to explore massively parallel development over an extended time period. We are now working with a large company to modernize their main legacy system using the PA methods. The prospective looks good as many of the techniques used (eg, domain models, use case analysis, and MVC decomposition) have been proven to be effective in industry on a wide range of projects for multiple decades. The new techniques (eg, executable domain models, and visual modeling of sprint plans) should also serve to make integration and project management work better on large development efforts.
Computer programs for calculating the static longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of wing-body-tail configurations (1975)

Four computer programs developed to calculate the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of wing-body and wing-body-tail combinations are presented. The R1307 program is based on a linear method and is limited to the small range of angles of attack for which the lift and moment characteristics of wings and bodies are linear with angle of attack. The CRSFLW program is based on a crossflow method of predicting the forces and moments on bodies alone or wing-body combinations over a large angle of attack range. The SUBSON program predicts the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of wing-body-tail combinations at subsonic speeds and at angles of attack for which symmetrical pairs of vortices are shed from the body nose and the leading and side edges of the lifting surfaces. Program SUPSON predicts the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of wing-body-tail combinations at supersonic speeds in the same angle-of-attack range. A description of the use of each program, instructions for preparation of input, a description of the output, program listings, and sample cases for each program are included.
High‐precision continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (1997)

Although high-precision isotope determinations are routine in many areas of natural science, the instrument principles for their measurements have remained remarkably unchanged for four decades. The introduction of continuous-flow techniques to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) instrumentation has precipitated a rapid expansion in capabilities for high-precision measurement of C, N, O, S, and H isotopes in the 1990s. Elemental analyzers, based on the flash combustion of solid organic samples, are interfaced to IRMS to facilitate routine C and N isotopic analysis of unprocessed samples. Gas/liquid equilibrators have automated O and H isotopic analysis of water in untreated aqueous fluids as complex as urine. Automated cryogenic concentrators permit analysis at part-per-million concentrations in environmental samples. Capillary gas chromatography interfaced to IRMS via on-line microchemistry facilitates compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) for purified organic analytes of 1 nmol of C, N, or O. GC-based CSIA for hydrogen and liquid chromatography-based interfaces to IRMS have both been demonstrated, and continuing progress promises to bring these advances to routine use. Automated position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) using noncatalytic pyrolysis has been shown to produce fragments without appreciable carbon scrambling or major isotopic fractionation, and shows great promise for intramolecular isotope ratio analysis. Finally, IRMS notation and useful elementary isotopic relationships derived from the fundamental mass balance equation are presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spectrom Rev 16, 227–258, 1997
Relationship between yield and reliability impact of plasma damage to gate oxide (2002)

We report a direct correlation between gate oxide damage measured on antenna testers and yield loss as well as reliability degradation on production chips. The relationship between the magnitude of the yield loss and the reliability failure is explored. We demonstrate, by modeling and by experimental verification, that plasma charging damage can generically cause yield loss and long term reliability degradation but has only minor impact on short-term reliability.
An Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptide Designed with a Reductionist Approach Stimulates Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice (2013)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptides are considered a promising novel therapeutic approach to prevent and/or treat atherosclerosis. An apoA-I mimetic peptide ELK-2A2K2E was designed with a reductionist approach and has shown exceptional activity in supporting cholesterol efflux but modest anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in vitro. In this study we compared these in vitro properties with the capacity of this peptide to modify rates of reverse cholesterol transport and development of atherosclerosis in mouse models. The peptide enhanced the rate of reverse cholesterol transport in C57BL/6 mice and reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe(-/-) mice receiving a high fat diet. The peptide modestly reduced the size of the plaques in aortic arch, but was highly active in reducing vascular inflammation and oxidation. Administration of the peptide to Apoe(-/-) mice on a high fat diet reduced the levels of total, high density lipoprotein and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. It increased the proportion of smaller HDL particles in plasma at the expense of larger HDL particles, and increased the capacity of the plasma to support cholesterol efflux. Thus, ELK-2A2K2E peptide reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe(-/-) mice, however, the functional activity profile after chronic in vivo administration was different from that found in acute in vitro studies.
Daten- und Datenbankstruktur der Längsschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) (2008)

This series presents research findings based either directly on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) or using SOEP data as part of an internationally comparable data set (e.g.CNEF, ECHP, LIS, LWS, CHER/PACO).SOEP is a truly multidisciplinary household panel study covering a wide range of social and behavioral sciences: economics, sociology, psychology, survey methodology, econometrics and applied statistics, educational science, political
New Look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed. (1992)

Recent research has established several empirical results that are widely agreed to merit description in terms of unconscious cognition. These findings come from experiments that use indirect tests for immediate or long-term residues of barely perceptible-but-unattended, or attended-but-forgotten events. Importantly, these well-established phenomena--insofar as they occur without initially involving focal attention--are limited to relatively minor cognitive feats. Unconscious cognition is now solidly established in empirical research, but it appears to be intellectually much simpler than the sophisticated agency portrayed in psychoanalytic theory. The strengthened position of unconscious cognitive phenomena can be related to their fit with the developing neural network (connectionist) theoretical framework in psychology.
The state of modern economics: Econoblogs (2008)

Economists think out loud online
Advice Refinement in Knowledge-Based SVMs (2011)

Knowledge-based support vector machines (KBSVMs) incorporate advice from domain experts, which can improve generalization significantly. A major limitation that has not been fully addressed occurs when the expert advice is imperfect, which can lead to poorer models. We propose a model that extends KBSVMs and is able to not only learn from data and advice, but also simultaneously improves the advice. The proposed approach is particularly effective for knowledge discovery in domains with few labeled examples. The proposed model contains bilinear constraints, and is solved using two iterative approaches: successive linear programming and a constrained concave-convex approach. Experimental results demonstrate that these algorithms yield useful refinements to expert advice, as well as improve the performance of the learning algorithm overall. 1
Nanoparticles of unmodified titanium dioxide facilitate protein refolding (2009)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (∼10 nm) were found to effectively assist refolding of thermally denatured proteins α-chymotrypsin, RNase A and papain. The isoelectric points (pI) of the enzymes and elution of the refolded enzymes from the nanoparticles after about one hour incubation with salt show that the protein-nanoparticle interaction was predominantly electrostatic in nature. The refolded enzymes regained nearly 100% activity in all the three cases and their CD spectra were similar to corresponding CD spectra of these enzymes in their native form. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) shows that complexes between TiO2nanoparticles and denatured proteins reached their maximum sizes in the same time period (i.e., 1 hour) which was optimum for regaining the biological activity during nanoparticle assisted refolding.
1,2,3-Benzotriazines (1975)

Although many 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo and -imido-derivatives of 1,2,3-benzotriazine are known, 1,2,3-benzotriazine itself was previously unknown, only very few of its aromatic derivatives had been reported, and no general methods for their synthesis had been described.1,2,3-Benzotriazine, some simple 4-alkyl and aryl derivatives, and a pyrido[1,2,3]triazine are now described, together with four general syntheses of the ring system. These involve (i) oxidation of the hydrazones of o-azidophenyl ketones and thermal cyclisation of the resulting o-azidophenyldiazoalkanes, (ii) oxidative cyclisation of the hydrazones of o-aminophenyl ketones, (iii) oxidation of 1- and 2-aminoindazoles, and (iv) oxidation of N-aminoquinazolin-2-ones. Methods (iii) and (iv) involve heterocyclic ring expansions, the latter with loss of carbon monoxide.1,2,3-Benzotriazines are susceptible to nucleophilic addition to the 3,4-bond, and the high reactivity of benzotriazine in this reaction explains the failure of earlier attempts to synthesise it.Preparation of the azido-hydrazones required for method (i) from azido-ketones in the standard way led to an unusual but useful synthesis of indazoles.