gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of nitric acid treatment time on the mechanical and surface properties of high-strength carbon fibers (2013)

High-strength carbon fibers were treated with nitric acid and periodically analyzed by several different methods to develop an understanding of overall property changes and how they relate to composite design. Fiber diameter, tensile strength, surface morphology, surface chemistry and surface energy were all evaluated as a function of treatment time and two distinct stages of change were identified; the first characterized by surface modification and the second by carbon material loss. Initially, the tensile strength, degree of surface oxidation and surface energy all increased. The surface oxidation consisted primarily of carbonyl and carboxylic acid types. Then in the second stage, both the tensile strength and surface oxidation reached stable levels and the fiber diameter began to rapidly decrease. The surface morphology and energy were the only properties that showed no obvious changes from one stage to the next. The surfaces were found to be smooth through all treatment times and the energy increased steadily throughout. It is believed that the variation of all of these properties is related to the fiber microstructure and how it varies through the cross-section of high-strength fibers. Specifically, high-strength carbon fibers are known to have better microstructural organization and alignment in the near-surface layer than within the interior.
Pumping Power Minimization in Staggered Finned Circular and Elliptic-Tube Heat Exchangers in Turbulent Flow (2012)

An experimental study aimed at minimizing pumping power required to supply air through a finned tube bundle configuration is presented in this article. Results were obtained for the Reynolds number based on the smaller ellipse axis (RE2b) ranging from 2,650 to 10,600, i.e., in turbulent flow. In the turbulent regime, pressure drops are expected to vary with eccentricity. Experimental optimization results for finned circular and elliptic tubes show that pumping power can be minimized with respect to tube spacing and eccentricity. In comparison with values obtained for circular tubes, the optimal elliptical arrangements show pumping power reductions from 5% to 10%.
The relative contributions of different skin layers to the mechanical behavior of human skin in vivo using suction experiments (2005)

Although the mechanical behavior of the top layer of the skin, the epidermis, is an important consideration in several clinical and cosmetic applications, there are few reported studies on this layer. The in vivo mechanical behavior of the upper skin layer (here defined as epidermis and papillar dermis) was characterized using a combined experimental and modeling approach. The work was based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behavior of different skin layers. Suction measurements with aperture diameters of 1, 2 and 6 mm were combined with ultrasound and optical coherence tomography to study the deformation of the skin layers. The experiments were simulated for small displacements with a two-layered finite element model representing the upper layer and the reticular dermis. An identification method compared the experimental and numerical results to identify the material parameters of the model. For one subject the whole parameter estimation procedure was completed, leading to a stiffness of C(10,ul) = 0.11 kPa for the top-layer and C(10,rd) = 0.16 MPa for the reticular dermis. This unexpected, extreme stiffness ratio of the material parameters let to convergence problems of the finite element software for most of the individuals.
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Coagulogen Isolated from Southeast Asian Horseshoe Crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda1 (1985)

The complete amino acid sequence of coagulogen purified from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda was determined by characterization of the NH2-terminal sequence and the peptides generated after digestion of the protein with lysyl endopeptidase, Staphylococcal aureus protease V8 and trypsin. Upon sequencing the peptides by the automated Edman method, the following sequence was obtained: A D T N A P L C L C D E P G I L G R N Q L V T P E V K E K I E K A V E A V A E E S G V S G R G F S L F S H H P V F R E C G K Y E C R T V R P E H T R C Y N F P P F V H F T S E C P V S T R D C E P V F G Y T V A G E F R V I V Q A P R A G F R Q C V W Q H K C R Y G S N N C G F S G R C T Q Q R S V V R L V T Y N L E K D G F L C E S F R T C C G C P C R N Y Carcinoscorpius coagulogen consists of a single polypeptide chain with a total of 175 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 19,675. The secondary structure calculated by the method of Chou and Fasman reveals the presence of an alpha-helix region in the peptide C segment (residue Nos. 19 to 46), which is released during the proteolytic conversion of coagulogen to coagulin gel. The beta-sheet structure and the 16 half-cystines found in the molecule appear to yield a compact protein stable to acid and heat. The amino acid sequences of coagulogen of four species of limulus have been compared and the interspecies evolutionary differences are discussed.
Design of an MC-CDMA System That Uses Complete Complementary Orthogonal Spreading Codes (2007)

This paper presents a multicarrier code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system architecture that is based on complete complementary orthogonal spreading codes. The architecture has several advantages as compared to conventional CDMA systems. Specifically, it offers multiple-access interference-free operation in additive white Gaussian noise channels, reduces cochannel interference significantly, and has the potential of higher capacity and spectral efficiency than conventional CDMA systems. This is accomplished by using an ldquooffset stackedrdquo spreading modulation technique. To maintain good performance in the presence of fading, the offset stacked modulator is followed by a quadrature-amplitude modulation map, which is designed to optimize performance in a fading environment. This new modulation scheme also simplifies the rate-matching algorithms that are relevant for multimedia services and Internet Protocol-based applications.
Thyroid tissue constituents characterization and application to in vivo studies by broadband (600-1200 nm) diffuse optical spectroscopy (2017)

We present the first broadband (600-1100 nm) diffuse optical characterization of thyroglobulin and tyrosine, which are thyroid-specific tissue constituents. In-vivo measurements at the thyroid region enabled their quantification for functional and diagnostic applications.
Quality of Interpretation Of Computed Tomography Images In The Emergency Department (1998)

Patient care is increasingly dependent on emergency department services. Teleradiology provides a method of supplementing radiology services. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of interpretation for cranial computed tomography (CT) images transmitted by Picture Archives Communication System (PACS), with the image viewed on a computer screen. In addition, incidents of misinterpretation leading to an alteration in patient care were reviewed.
Five hundred and thirty-four patients undergoing cranial CT scanning in the emergency department (ED) from December 1995 to January 1996 were reviewed. The PACS transmitted 483 patients’ cranial CT images successfully. The interpretations of the PACS transmitted images, by emergency physicians (EPs), were compared with those of the original films, by radiologists. We then asked the EPs to read the original CT films in a randomly selected 25% (121 out of 483) of successfully transmitted cases, in order to compare differences in image reading between original films and PACS images.
The leading three indications for CT scanning were neurologic focal signs (200, 37.5%), altered mental status (144, 27.0%), and trauma (120, 22.5%). The other indications were headache (41, 7.7%), seizure (38, 7.1%) and dizziness, vertigo and/or vomiting (30, 5.6%). The CT scans were reported to be positive by radiologists in 403 cases (75.5%). The top ten abnormalities were infarction (53.1%), subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, SAE (22.1%), parenchymal hemorrhage (16.6%), brain atrophy (14.9%), calcification (12.9%), cerebral edema (8.4%), scalp hematoma (7.7%), midline shift (7.4%), mass (6.7%), and subarachnoid hematoma (6.2%). Non-concordance between the CT interpretations by the EPs and radiologists were found in 132 cases (27.3%). These non-concordances included 6 major false negatives (1.2%), 96 minor false negatives (19.9%), 17 minor false positives (3.5%), 13 minor false negative + minor false positives (2.7%), and no major false positives. Most of the non-concordant interpretations by EPs were lacunar infarction, calcification, SAE, sinusitis and brain atrophy. The six cases with major false negative included 3 infarctions, 2 masses, and I subdural hematoma, however, no patient was managed inappropriately, and none had an adverse outcome. The same results were achieved in 76 cases (62.8%) when the EPs read the original CT films, as compared to reading the PACS transmitted images. The EPs reported more .findings in 15 cases (12.4%), and less in the other 30 cases (24.8%). The time to interpretation post CT scan was 2.1 ±3.0 hours for EPs, and 20.3 ±22.3 hours for radiologists (p＜0.001).
Misinterpretation of cranial CT scans by EPs is of potential clinical concern, however, no resultant clinical errors were found in this study. We recommend that formal training in CT interpretation be included in residency training and continuing medical education programs for EPs, to ensure important errors are not made during the acute early phase of care.
Microcystin-LR does not induce alterations to transcriptomic or metabolomic profiles of a model heterotrophic bacterium (2017)

Microcystins are secondary metabolites produced by several freshwater, bloom-forming cyanobacterial species. Microcystin-producing cyanobacteria co-occur with a complex community of heterotrophic bacteria. Though conflicting, studies suggest that microcystins affect the physiology of heterotrophic bacteria by inducing oxidative stress and increasing cell envelope permeability. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that exposure to microcystin should induce differential expression in genes responding to oxidative and envelope stress and trigger shifts in metabolite pools. We tested this hypothesis by exposing Escherichia coli MG1655 to 1 and 10 mg/L microcystin-LR and monitored global changes to gene expression, cellular metabolite pools, and lipid composition using RNA-sequencing and UPLC-MS. Contrary to reported studies, we observed no evidence that microcystin-LR induced oxidative or cell envelope stress in E. coli under the tested conditions. Our results suggest a potential difference in mechanism by which microcystin-LR interacts with heterotrophic bacteria vs. cyanobacteria.
Self-Separating Homogeneous Copper (I) Catalysts (2007)

A heptane-soluble polyisobutylene (PIB)−Cu(I) catalyst was synthesized in a heptane/ethanol latent biphasic solvent system. The addition of water to this initially homogeneous solution produced a biphasic solvent system that separates the PIB−Cu(I) complex from the reaction mixture as a heptane solution. This heptane solution can be used in reactions such as "click" chemistry where the PIB−Cu(I) catalyst is again separated from the reaction mixture as a heptane solution with the products of the reaction mixture being separated in the ethanol phase of the latent biphasic solvent system. This PIB−Cu(I) complex can also be used in an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of polystyrene. Using the differential solubilities of PIB and polystyrene in heptane, a PIB-complexed Cu(I) species can be separated and recycled for multiple uses in further polymerization reactions with good control over molecular weight and molecular weight distribution.
Sol‐gel‐processed sintered silica xerogel as a carrier in controlled drug delivery (1999)

Sol-gel-processed sintered silica xerogel was studied as a controllable, dissolvable, implantable material. The erosion of the matrix and the release of the preadsorbed drug toremifene citrate was investigated both in vitro and in vivo using mice. In an in vitro dissolution study, 50 to 60% of the drug was released after 24 h, according to the square root of time kinetics, and the weight loss of the silica was 24 wt %. Silica xerogel with tritium-labeled toremifene was implanted subcutaneously in mice for 56 days. To determine the amount of tritiated drug remaining in the silica disks at the implantation site, the disks were excised periodically and the radioactivity measured. About 40% of the radioactivity was released during the first 4 days and all of it within 28 days. Radioactivity also was measured in the liver, lungs, kidneys, uterus, and blood. The radioactivity reached a maximum level after 4 days in the liver, kidneys, and lungs and slowly decreased until all of the drug had been released from the matrix after 28 days. After release of the drug (28 days) the amount of remaining silica xerogel implant was 45 wt %, and at the end of the study (56 days) it was 24 wt %. In the histopathological study, sintered silica xerogel did not show any tissue toxicity at the site of the implantation, in the liver, or in the kidneys. It was concluded that sintered silica xerogel is a biocompatible and controllably resorbable material and therefore is a promising matrix for use in the sustained delivery of drugs. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 44, 162–167, 1999.
Jmjd2c facilitates the assembly of essential enhancer-protein complexes at the onset of embryonic stem cell differentiation (2017)

Jmjd2 H3K9 demethylases cooperate in promoting mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity. However, little is known about their importance at the exit of ESC pluripotency. Here, we reveal that Jmjd2c facilitates this process by stabilising the assembly of mediator-cohesin complexes at lineage-specific enhancers. Functionally, we show that Jmjd2c is required in ESCs to initiate appropriate gene expression programs upon somatic multi-lineage differentiation. In the absence of Jmjd2c, differentiation is stalled at an early post-implantation epiblast-like stage, while <i>Jmjd2c</i>-knockout ESCs remain capable of forming extra-embryonic endoderm derivatives. Dissection of the underlying molecular basis revealed that Jmjd2c is re-distributed to lineage-specific enhancers during ESC priming for differentiation. Interestingly, Jmjd2c-bound enhancers are co-occupied by the H3K9-methyltransferase G9a (also known as Ehmt2), independently of its H3K9-modifying activity. Loss of Jmjd2c abrogates G9a recruitment and further destabilises loading of the mediator and cohesin components Med1 and Smc1a at newly activated and poised enhancers in ESC-derived epiblast-like cells. These findings unveil Jmjd2c and G9a as novel enhancer-associated factors, and implicate Jmjd2c as a molecular scaffold for the assembly of essential enhancer-protein complexes with an impact on timely gene activation.
Direct integration of intensity-level data from Affymetrix and Illumina microarrays improves statistical power for robust reanalysis (2012)

Normalised and batch-corrected intensity-level data from Affymetrix and Illumina microarrays can be directly combined to generate biologically meaningful results with improved statistical power for robust, integrated reanalysis.
Ventral Striatum Functional Connectivity as a Predictor of Adolescent Depressive Disorder in a Longitudinal Community-Based Sample (2017)

Aberrant ventral striatum functional connectivity specifically predicts future risk for depressive disorder. This finding further emphasizes the need to understand how brain reward networks contribute to youth depression.
Limits of strong phase-shift patterning for device research (2003)

Advanced transistor research requires the patterning of isolated gate feature sizes well below available illumination wavelengths. In this work, we explore the limits of imaging isolated line features using double exposure strong phase shift methods and 248 nm illumination. Fundamental issues such as aerial image size,flare, simple OPC and resist aspect ratio will be addressed. Non-lithographic feature slimming methods such as UV-bake, etch biasing and oxidation will we explored as well. It is desirable that feature slimming processing also reduce line-edge roughness. Using a combination of strong PSM imaging and feature slimming, we have developed processes for the fabrication of sub-25 nm gate features required by our Schottky Barrier transistor device development efforts.
Considerations for Manufacturing and Experimental Validation of a PM, Tubular Motor for a Matrix Converter Driven Aerospace Application (2013)

This paper deals with the manufacturing and the experimental verification of a tubular, linear, permanent magnet (TLPM) motor. A brief re-cap regarding the design and optimization procedures of a high force density, TLPM motor, presented in previous papers is first given. The design includes a novel, thermal management technique that is implemented in order to improve the thermal performance and thus improve the force density performance of the machine. Manufacturing and assembly of tubular motors is traditionally difficult and costly, thus details of the manufacturing and assembly procedures adopted are presented. The TLPM motor is finally assembled on a dedicated aerospace drive rig fed through a matrix converter. Experimental validation is achieved and compared to the modeling results.
Occult Breast Carcinoma Presenting as Scalp Metastasis (2017)

Breast cancer is the most common tumor among women, and approximately 6% of the patients have de novo metastatic breast cancer. Occult breast cancer accounts for only 0.1-0.8% of the cases and most commonly presents with axillary lymphadenopathy. Scalp metastases are rare and have been described as a sign of progression or widespread metastatic disease. Here, we describe a rare case of de novo metastatic breast cancer to the scalp as the single site of spread and without an identifiable primary breast tumor.
CALCULATED REGENERATOR PERFORMANCE AT 4 K WITH HELIUM-4 AND HELIUM-3 (2008)

The helium-4 working fluid in regenerative cryocoolers operating with the cold end near 4 K deviates considerably from an ideal gas. As a result, losses in the regenerator, given by the time-averaged enthalpy flux, are increased and are strong functions of the operating pressure and temperature. Helium-3, with its lower boiling point, behaves somewhat closer to an ideal gas in this low temperature range and can reduce the losses in 4 K regenerators. An analytical model is used to find the fluid properties that strongly influence the regenerator losses as well as the gross refrigeration power. The thermodynamic and transport properties of helium-3 were incorporated into the latest NIST regenerator numerical model, known as REGEN3.3, which was used to model regenerator performance with either helium-4 or helium-3. With this model we show how the use of helium-3 in place of helium-4 can improve the performance of 4 K regenerative cryocoolers. The effects of operating pressure, warm-end temperature, and frequency on regenerators with helium-4 and helium-3 are investigated and compared. The results are used to find optimum operating conditions. The frequency range investigated varies from 1 Hz to 30 Hz, with particular emphasis on higher frequencies.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins. Characterization and Effect on Platelet Function (1983)

The specificity of five monoclonal antibodies (P1-P6) against platelet surface components was determined by immunoprecipitation of surface-labelled platelets from normal donors and patients with known platelet glycoprotein defects, followed by analysis by gel electrophoresis. Three (P2, P4 and P6) precipitated glycoproteins IIb and IIIa and, in addition, P2 precipitated glycoprotein Ia. P1 precipitated normally only glycoprotein Ib also Ia when the platelets were pretreated with neuraminidase. P3 precipitated principally glycoprotein Ia but glycoprotein Ib was also weakly precipitated. The effects of the monoclonals on platelet function were tested. P1 and P2 completely inhibited and P3 slightly inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. P2 also inhibited collagen-induced aggregation and partially inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. P3, P4 and P6 partially inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. None had any effect on ristocetin-induced aggregation despite P1 and P3 binding to glycoprotein Ib. These results confirm the role of glycoproteins IIb and IIIa in aggregation induced by various agents and suggest that the function of glycoprotein Ib in thrombin-induced aggregation is more important than previously suspected and that glycoprotein Ia may also be involved in platelet functions.
Electrogeneration of Single Nanobubbles at Sub-50-nm-Radius Platinum Nanodisk Electrodes (2013)

The electrochemical generation of individual H(2) nanobubbles at Pt nanodisk electrodes immersed in a 0.5 M H(2)SO(4) solution is reported. A sudden drop in current associated with the transport-limited reduction of protons is observed in the i–V response at Pt nanodisk electrodes with radii of less than 50 nm. This decrease in current (~95% blockage) corresponds to the formation of a single H(2) nanobubble attached to the nanoelectrode that blocks proton transport to the surface. The current at which nanobubble formation occurs, i(nb)(p), is independent of scan rate and H(2)SO(4) concentration (for [H(2)SO(4)] > 0.1 M), indicating a critical concentration profile of electrogenerated H(2) required to nucleate a nanobubble. Finite element simulation based on Fick’s first law, combined with the Young–Laplace equation and Henry’s law, indicates that the concentration of H(2) near the nanoelectrode surface at i(nb)(p) exceeds the saturation concentration necessary to generate a nanobubble with a size comparable to the electrode size. The rapid dissolution of the nanobubble due to the high inner Laplace pressure is precisely balanced by the electrogeneration of H(2) at the partially exposed Pt surface, resulting in a dynamically stabilized nanobubble. Preliminary measurements of the i–t response during nanobubble formation indicate a two-step nucleation and growth mechanism with time scales on the order of 100 μs (or less) and ~1 ms, respectively.
A new robust SPMSM control to parameter variations in flux weakening region (1996)

A new implementation strategy for the flux weakening control of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) is proposed. It is implemented based on the output of the synchronous PI current regulator-reference voltage to PWM inverter. The onset of flux weakening and the level of the d-axis current are adjusted by the outer voltage regulation loop to prevent the saturation of the current regulator. The characteristics of this flux weakening scheme include no dependency on the machine parameters, the guarantee of current regulation on any operating condition, and fast transition into and out of the flux weakening mode. Experimental results at various operating conditions including 4-quadrant operation are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
DEKF system for crowding estimation by a multiple-modelapproach (1994)

A distributed extended Kalman filter (DEKF) network devoted to real-time crowding estimation for surveillance in complex scenes is presented. Estimation is carried out by extracting a set of significant features from sequences of images. Feature values are associated by virtual sensors with the estimated number of people using nonlinear models obtained in an off-line training phase. Different models are used, depending on the positions and dimensions of the crowded subareas detected in each image.