gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple forms of the catalytic centre, CuZ, in the enzyme nitrous oxide reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus (2002)

Nitrous oxide reductase catalyses the reduction of nitrous oxide to dinitrogen at a unique tetranuclear copper site, called Cu(Z), which has a central inorganic sulphide ligand. Limited incubation with oxygen during the preparation of nitrous oxide reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus results in changed redox properties of the catalytic centre by comparison with anaerobic preparations. While the anaerobically purified enzyme has a catalytic centre which performs a single electron step at a midpoint potential of E(m)=+60 mV versus the standard hydrogen electrode (n=1), the altered centre shows no redox change under similar experimental conditions. Spectroscopic properties of this 'redox fixed' centre are similar to spectra of the reduced 'redox active' form of CuZ, although the positions and intensities of a number of transitions are changed in the optical spectrum. These observations are interpreted in terms of two forms of the catalytic centre, called CuZ and CuZ*. The structural relationship between these forms is unclear. EPR and magnetic circular dichroism spectra suggest that the basic Cu4S structure is common to both. Curiously, steady-state activity of the aerobic enzyme preparation is slightly increased despite the fact the catalytic centre does not undergo detectable redox changes.
VoIP network architectures and QoS strategy (2003)

Voice over IP (VoIP) has received much attention in recent years with the promise of lower costs, as well as new revenue-generating services. Cost and services advantages of carrying voice over IP compared to over the current circuit network are made possible by a common high-capacity packet infrastructure for voice, data, and multimedia services. An important requirement of such a packet infrastructure is the ability to provide public-switched telephone network (PSTN) grade quality without excessive over-provisioning. In this paper, we describe an approach to offer AbsoluteQoS™ to voice and other demanding applications over a general-purpose packet network. AbsoluteQoS is defined as the ability to provide an engineered bound on call-blocking and quantitative QoS guarantee that calls-in-progress will receive. The proposed strategy is based on key innovations in architectures and protocols, as well as business models of PSTN and packet networks. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.
The Tetraspanin CD81 Is Necessary for Partitioning of Coligated CD19/CD21-B Cell Antigen Receptor Complexes into Signaling-Active Lipid Rafts (2004)

Tetraspanins have been hypothesized to facilitate the organization of functional multimolecular membrane complexes. In B cells the tetraspanin CD81 is a component of the CD19/CD21 complex. When coligated to the B cell Ag receptor (BCR), the CD19/CD21 complex significantly enhances BCR signaling in part by prolonging the association of the BCR with signaling-active lipid rafts. In this study CD81 is shown to associate with lipid rafts upon coligation of the BCR and the CD19/CD21 complex. Using B cells from CD81-deficient mice we demonstrate that in the absence of CD81, coligated BCR and CD19/CD21 complexes fail to partition into lipid rafts and enhance BCR signaling from rafts. Furthermore, a chimeric CD19 protein that associates only weakly if at all with CD81 fails to promote the association of coligated BCR with lipid rafts. The requirement for CD81 to promote lipid raft association may define a novel mechanism by which tetraspanins function as molecular facilitators of signaling receptors.
High Pressure Rheology – On the Statistics of Falling Body Viscometers (2018)

Viscosity measurements in fluid power are a standard tool to gain information on the fluid and its condition. The results are required for system design and simulation. Within fluid power systems, high pressures are common in piston-bushing contacts or lubricating gaps for example. A popular approach to high-pressure measurements is falling body viscometry. The terminal velocity of a falling body inside a fluid-filled tube is used to determine the fluids viscosity. However, falling body viscometry is prone to inaccuracies which raises questions regarding the reliability of the measurement principle and the measurement itself. Eccentricity, tumbling and material pairings above all other factors are responsible for deviations regarding terminal velocity of the falling body. Studies do indicate highly varying falling times at constant conditions, but a significant statistical analysis has not been done yet. Therefore, using the viscometer at IFAS, a statistical falling time evaluation is carried out and different falling body designs are compared to each other. Afterwards, the most advantageous geometry is identified.
Direct observation of lactate and alanine by proton double quantum spectroscopy in rat hearts supplied with [3&#x2010;13C]pyruvate (1992)

The 13C-fractional enrichments in the lactate and alanine methyl carbon positions were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy of extracts of rat hearts perfused with various concentrations of [3-13C]pyruvate +/- unlabeled glucose or acetate. In general, the 13C-fractional enrichment of the alanine methyl carbon pool paralleled the 13C-fractional enrichment of the acetyl-CoA which entered the TCA cycle (as determined by 13C-isotopomer analysis) while the 13C-fractional enrichment of the lactate methyl carbon was always significantly lower, consistent with a pool of lactate which does not mix with exogeneous [3-13C]pyruvate. This has also been examined in intact, perfused, KCl-arrested rat hearts supplied with [3-13C]pyruvate by proton double quantum metabolite specific spectroscopy (MSS). A comparison of MSS spectra of intact hearts with one pulse spectra of extracts of those same hearts indicates there is a sizeable non-enriched pool of lactate in the intact hearts which is not visible by NMR spectroscopy.
Radar signal categorization using a neural network (1990)

Neural networks are used to analyze a complex simulated radar environment which contains noisy radar pulses generated by many different emitters. The neural network used is an energy-minimizing network. The limiting process contains the state vector within a set of limits, and this model is called the brain state in a box, or BSB model, which forms energy minima (attractors in the network dynamical system) based on learned input data. The system first determines how many emitters are present (the deinterleaving problem). Pulses from individual simulated emitters give rise to separate stable attractors in the network. Once individual emitters are characterized, it is possible to tentatively identify them based on their observed parameters. As a test of this idea, a neural network was used to form a small database that could potentially make emitter identification. There were three errors of classification. The number of iterations are required to reach an attractor state was very long, and some of the final states were not fully limited. These factors indicate the uncertainty of the neural network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Time-resolved laser fluorosensors: a laboratory study of their potential in the remote characterization of oil (1978)

The fluorescence decay profiles have been determined for a number of light, crude, and heavy oils under ideal laboratory conditions to assess their utility in the remote characterization and identification of oil spills using remote laser fluorosensors. The fluorescence decay of light and crude oils can best be described by double exponential kinetics with the former having longer. decay constants. The heavy oils are described by only a single exponential decay function with a lifetime less than 1 nsec.
Amineborane-Based Chemical Hydrogen Storage:  Enhanced Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation in Ionic Liquids (2006)

Ionic liquids are shown to provide advantageous media for amineborane-based chemical hydrogen storage systems. Both the extent and rate of hydrogen release from ammonia borane dehydrogenation are significantly increased at 85, 90, and 95 degrees C when the reactions are carried out in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride compared to analogous solid-state reactions. NMR studies in conjunction with DFT/GIAO chemical shift calculations indicate that both polyaminoborane and the diammoniate of diborane, [(NH3)2BH2+]BH4-, are initial products in the reactions.
Breast parenchymal patterns in women with bilateral primary breast cancer (1983)

Mammograms were obtained from 44 women aged over 30 years with bilateral primary breast cancer, 60 women with unilateral breast cancer, matched for age and menopausal status with the bilateral cases, and 937 normal women, again all aged over 30 years. The mammograms were classified according to Wolfe's criteria. Both groups of cancer patients were found to have a significantly (p less than 0.05) greater proportion of pre-menopausal women with the DY type of breast parenchymal pattern compared with the normal pre-menopausal women. No association was found between the P2 mammographic pattern and breast cancer. The study failed to show any difference in the distribution of mammographic risk categories in women with bilateral disease and those with unilateral cancers only.
Sipuleucel-T: When and for Whom to Recommend It. (2017)

Multiple immunotherapy platforms have been investigated for prostate cancer, but sipuleucel-T still remains the sole approved autologous cellular immune product that can be used in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. While preliminary data for specific checkpoint inhibitors suggest benefit for some patients, leading to durable responses, it has been clear that sipuleucel-T can affect not only the intratumoral milieu but also systemic immune populations. This means that the immune system can respond to sipuleucel-T in such a way that it may also effect an immunomodulatory response to other current and future treatments. It is clear that sipuleucel-T is here to stay; nevertheless, efforts to enhance its efficacy continue. A challenge that continues to be investigated is the question of how and when to use this immune therapy as part of the current continuum of competing approved agents.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with fMRI signal in right cerebellum lobule VIIa Crus I and II during spatial navigation in older adult women (2022)

Spatial navigation is a cognitive skill critical for accomplishing daily goal-directed behavior in a complex environment; however, older adults exhibit marked decline in navigation performance with age. Neuroprotective interventions that enhance the functional integrity of navigation-linked brain regions, such as those in the medial temporal lobe memory system, may preserve spatial navigation performance in older adults. Importantly, a well-established body of literature suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness has measurable effects on neurobiological integrity in the medial temporal lobes, as well as in other brain areas implicated in spatial navigation, such as the precuneus and cerebellum. However, whether cardiorespiratory fitness modulates brain activity in these regions during navigation in older adults remains unknown. Thus, the primary objective of the current study was to examine cardiorespiratory fitness as a modulator of fMRI activity in navigation-linked brain regions in cognitively healthy older adults. To accomplish this objective, cognitively intact participants (<i>N</i> = 22, aged 60-80 years) underwent cardiorespiratory fitness testing to estimate maximal oxygen uptake ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>·</mml:mo></mml:mover> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> O<sub>2max</sub>) and underwent whole-brain high-resolution fMRI while performing a virtual reality navigation task. Our older adult sample demonstrated significant fMRI signal in the right and left retrosplenial cortex, right precuneus, right and left inferior parietal cortex, right and left cerebellum lobule VIIa Crus I and II, right fusiform gyrus, right parahippocampal cortex, right lingual gyrus, and right hippocampus during encoding of a virtual environment. Most importantly, in women but not men (<i>N</i> = 16), cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with fMRI activity in the right cerebellum lobule VIIa Crus I and II, but not other navigation-linked brain areas. These findings suggest that the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on brain function extends beyond the hippocampus, as observed in other work, to the cerebellum lobule VIIa Crus I and II, a component of the cerebellum that has recently been linked to cognition and more specifically, spatial processing.
The rotator&#8212;A new network component (1967)

This paper presents a new linear, reciprocal, active two-port network element called a rotator, of which there are three types: an R- rotator, an L-rotator, and a C-rotator. They have the unique property that whenever a nonlinear resistor, inductor, or capacitor is connected to one port of an R-, L-, or C-rotator, respectively, the resulting two-terminal network behaves as a new resistor, inductor, or capacitor whose characteristic curve is that of the original resistor, inductor, or capacitor, rotated by a prescribed angle about the origin. The rotator is realizable by either a π-network or a T-network of linear resistances, inductances, or capacitances. It can also be realized by a balanced lattice network of linear elements. Operational laboratory models are reported, and experimental data agree remarkably well with theoretical predictions. The sensitivity, power rating, and stability performances of rotators are considered in detail in this paper, and practical stability criteria are given. They are shown to be indispensable building blocks for realizing multivalued elements, and some potential applications are described.
Blockade of TNFα to Improve Human CD34+ Cell Repopulating Activity in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2019)

Early release of TNFα after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) correlates with development of acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Here we tested the effect of TNFα and alloreactive T cells on early hematopoietic HSC genotype and function. Addition of TNFα (10 ng/ml) in liquid cultures with CD34+ cells for 6-72 h resulted in the downregulation of genes associated with stem cell activity, such as DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET1, TET2, SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4, whereas no significant effect was observed on DNMT1 and GATA2 expression. These findings were reversed by using an anti-TNFα antibody. Similar gene downregulation was observed when CD34+ cells were co-cultured with alloreactive T cells CD34+ cells for 48-72 h, and this effect was partially prevented by rapamycin and an anti-TNFα antibody. CD34+ cells pre-incubated with TNFα for 48 h and transplanted in irradiated NOD-SCID ɤ<sup>null</sup> (NSG) mice showed a reduced myeloid engraftment compared to control mice. By using a xenograft model recently developed in our lab, we co-transplanted CD34+ cells and allogeneic T lymphocytes at 1:0.1 ratio in one group that also received etanercept (TNFα inhibitor) at 100 μg intra-peritoneum (i.p.) on days -1,+1,+3,+5 post-HSCT, and in the control group. At 6 weeks post-transplant, mice that received etanercept had a significantly higher number of marrow huCD45+CD34+CD38- early stem cells (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and a reduced number of huCD45+CD3+ splenic T cells (<i>p</i> = 0.04) compared to controls. The repopulating activity of marrow cells from mice treated with etanercept vs. controls was tested in secondary transplants. Although the overall engraftment was similar in the two groups, CD34+ cells isolated from recipients of marrow from the etanercept group showed a significantly greater expression of stem cell-associated genes and a higher number of CD45+CD34+CD38- cells than in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Our findings suggest that early TNFα increase post-transplant can affect long-term stem cell engraftment, and that blockade of TNFα early after transplant may limit a cytokine-mediated suppressive effect on repopulating stem cell function.
Using a Neural Network to Study the Effect of the Means of Synthesizing Exfoliated Graphite on Its Macropore Structure (2023)

Abstract Graphite intercalated compounds (GICs) with different stage numbers are prepared chemically from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), natural flaked graphite (FG) and nitric acid. Exfoliated graphite samples (EG-T) are synthesized from GICs via water treatment followed by thermal shock. The aim of this work is to investigate the dependence of the inner EG-T pore structure on the extent of oxidation and type of graphite by processing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of EG-T cross sections. A procedure is developed on the basis of a deep convolutional neural network that speeds up image processing with no appreciable loss of accuracy. A strong correlation is found between EG-T pore structure parameters, the depth of oxidation, and the type of graphite.
Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide and efferent nerve stimulation on afferent transmission in the lateral line organ (1991)

1. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide immunolocalized in efferent fibers innervating hair-cell organs, including the lateral line organ of Xenopus laevis. CGRP, applied in nanomolar concentrations, increased the spontaneous discharge rate in afferent fibers innervating hair cells of the lateral line organ. 2. The increase in spontaneous discharge rate with application of CGRP was associated with an increase in the rate of occurrence of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and with little change in the amplitude of the EPSPs. 3. Prolonged (several hundred seconds) application of CGRP produced an increase in afferent fiber discharge rate that returned to control values in the continued presence of the peptide. 4. Efferent fibers were electrically stimulated to look for a non-cholinergic effect on spontaneous afferent discharge that might be attributed to CGRP. Electrical stimulation of the efferent fibers produced a rapid (100 ms) suppression of discharge rate followed by a rapid (100 ms) increase in discharge rate. However, both the rapid suppression and rapid excitation were likely to be mediated by the release of acetylcholine, because they were blocked by the application of the cholinergic blocking agents curare and atropine as well as by strychnine. 5. In almost one-half of the preparations examined, electrical stimulation of efferent fibers also produced a slowly developing increase in afferent discharge that could persist for several minutes after termination of the shocks. 6. This slow excitation by efferent stimulation was not blocked by concentrations of curare that blocked the rapid effects of efferent stimulation. Thus the slow effect is likely to be mediated by a receptor different from that for the rapid cholinergic effects. One possibility is that the excitation is mediated by the release of CGRP from the efferent nerve fibers.
FURTHER RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN GNAPHOSIDAE (1936)

no. 853 (1936)
Measurements of hall-effect and sheet resistivity as a function of temperature on hot, phosphorous implants in silicon (1970)

Abstract Results of Hall-effect measurements as a function of temperature on a layer formed by hot, phosphorous (P31) implant in Si at 400 keV energy in a random direction are presented; the dose used was 1015 ions cm−2. The electrical behaviour of the layer as a function of isochronal annealing was examined. A detailed analysis of the measured quantities n 8eff, the effective surface density of free carriers, and μeff, the effective mobility, down to 4.2°K is presented using the integral equations: $$graphics$$ These formulae were solved numerically, the input data viz: the distribution of donor centres and compensating damage centres being assumed from the current literature. Results from this analysis indicate a rather complicated distribution of current flow in the layer as a function of temperature, indicating that the traditional interpretation of Hall measurements based on a homogeneous distribution model is of questionable validity.
Seedling salt tolerance in tomato (2010)

Soils with higher concentrations of salt are becoming more and more a constraint for many crops to obtain high yields. Wild tomato species, adapted to adverse environments, are a potential reservoir for genes underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to salt tolerance in tomato. In this study two introgression line (IL) libraries derived from two different wild species, Solanum pennellii LA716 and Solanum lycopersicoides LA2951, were used to identify QTLs for salt tolerance in the seedling stage. In the S. pennellii IL library, four major QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6, 7 and 11. In the S. lycopersicoides IL library, six major QTLs were discovered which are located on chromosomes 4, 6, 9 and 12. Co-localization of QTLs on chromosome 6 in the two IL libraries and previously reports hinted that this locus might be conserved in the tomato crop. Three S. pennellii ILs (IL6-2, IL7-1 and IL7-5) harboring QTLs on chromosome 6 and 7 were crossed. Semi-dominance and dominance were shown for these three QTLs, and non-additive and epistatic interactions between them were observed.
Time-dependent Changes of Amino Acids in the Serum, Liver, Brain and Urine of Rats Administered with Theanine (1999)

Time-dependent changes of theanine (gamma-glutamylethylamide) and other amino acids in various tissues of rats were investigated during the 24 hrs after theanine administration. When theanine (4 g/kg of body weight) was intragastrically administered to rats, the concentrations of theanine in the serum, liver and brain were significantly increased 1 hr after its administration, and thereafter gradually decreased, but reached the maximum level in the brain after 5 hrs. Theanine in these tissues had completely disappeared 24 hrs after its administration. In contrast, the administration of theanine resulted in the concentrations of theanine, urea, ethylamine and glutamic acid in the urine being significantly enhanced. These results suggest that theanine might be degraded via glutamic acid.
The response of population and hybrid wheat to selected agro-environmental factors (2016)

The field experiment was conducted in the years 2011-2014 at three localities (PrzecĹaw, Dukla, Lubliniec) of south-east Poland with changing environmental conditions. Population cultivars (Batuta and Bogatka) and hybrid cultivars (Hybred and Hymack) of winter wheat and cultivation technologies (extensive, low-input, medium-input, high-input) were studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation technology levels and environmental conditions on the grain yield and protein composition in the grain of population and hybrid wheat cultivars. Higher grain yield, the contents of protein, gluten and fraction of gliadins and high molecular weight (HMW)-glutenins were observed in the case of wheat growing in gleic fluvisol and at precipitation of 453-776 mm than in haplic luvisol and at precipitation of 599-805 mm. The high-input technology affected an increase in grain parameters (yield, protein, gluten) and the amount of gluten proteins by 6.6 (medium-input) and by 26.5% (extensive). The population cv. Bogatka showed higher crude protein and gluten content, the grain yield amounted to 6.6 t/ha and the amount of gluten proteins was 51.7 mAU.s. The hybrid cv. Hymack was characterized by the highest grain yield (7.2 t/ha) but the lowest amounts of protein, gluten and allergenic subunits α/β, γ, ω-gliadins.