gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective and efficient subjective testing of texture similarity metrics (2015)

The development and testing of objective texture similarity metrics that agree with human judgments of texture similarity require, in general, extensive subjective tests. The effectiveness and efficiency of such tests depend on a careful analysis of the abilities of human perception and the application requirements. The focus of this paper is on defining performance requirements and testing procedures for objective texture similarity metrics. We identify three operating domains for evaluating the performance of a similarity metric: the ability to retrieve "identical" textures; the top of the similarity scale, where a monotonic relationship between metric values and subjective scores is desired; and the ability to distinguish between perceptually similar and dissimilar textures. Each domain has different performance goals and requires different testing procedures. For the third domain, we propose ViSiProG, a new Visual Similarity by Progressive Grouping procedure for conducting subjective experiments that organizes a texture database into clusters of visually similar images. The grouping is based on visual blending and greatly simplifies labeling image pairs as similar or dissimilar. ViSiProG collects subjective data in an efficient and effective manner, so that a relatively large database of textures can be accommodated. Experimental results and comparisons with structural texture similarity metrics demonstrate both the effectiveness of the proposed subjective testing procedure and the performance of the metrics.
Diesel Particulate Filter Durability Performance Comparison Using Metals Doped B20 vs. Conventional Diesel Part I: Accelerated Ash Loading and DPF Performance Evaluation (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The project objective was to generate experimental data to evaluate the impact of metals doped B20 on DPF ash loading and performance compared to that of conventional petrodiesel. Accelerated ash loading was conducted on two DPFs – one exposed to regular diesel fuel and the other to B20 containing metal dopants equivalent to 4 ppm B100 total metals (currently total metals are limited to 10 ppm in ASTM D6751, the standard for B100). Periodic performance evaluations were conducted on the DPFs at 10 g/L ash loading intervals. After the evaluations at 30 g/L, the DPF was cleaned with a commercial DPF cleaning machine and another round of DPF evaluations were conducted. A comparison of the effect of ash loading with the two fuels and DPF cleaning is presented. The metals doped B20 fuel resulted in ash that was similar to that deposited when exposed to ULSD (lube oil ash) and exhibited similar ash cleaning removal efficiency. Metals doped B20 resulted in faster ash accumulation within the DPF, as expected, but did not appear to have a negative effect on DPF pressure drop or regeneration rates (up to 30 g/L of ash) or exhibit deleterious physical effects on the DPF substrate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of efflux-mediated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia (2001)

The antibacterial activities of seven fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, BAYy3118, clinafloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin) against isogenic efflux-mediated multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia, were compared. The results indicate that these fluoroquinolones are all substrates for the multidrug efflux systems of these organisms. Clinafloxacin was found generally to be the most active agent against multidrug-resistant strains.
Rat pineal S‐antigen: Sequence analysis reveals presence of α‐transducin homologous sequence (1989)

S-antigen (S-Ag) is a soluble, highly antigenic protein, the administration of which induces autoimmune uveitis. This protein is found in the retina and pineal. Retinal S-Ag from three species has been sequenced. In this study rat pineal S-Ag was sequenced. Clones were isolated from a rat pineal lambda gt11 cDNA library by probing with a 300 bp fragment of mouse retinal S-Ag cDNA containing the 5'-coding region. The largest clone isolated (RPS-118; 1364 bp) contained the entire coding sequence. Comparison of the rat pineal and mouse retinal S-Ag nucleotide sequences indicated a high homology (95%). The deduced amino acid sequence was found to contain 403 residues (congruent to 44 992 Da). Comparison of the rat pineal and mouse retinal S-Ag amino acid sequences also revealed high homology (97%). The similarity of both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of rat pineal and mouse retinal S-Ag indicates that expression of the S-Ag gene in both tissues is similar. Further analysis of the rat pineal S-Ag sequence indicated that it contained essentially the same major uveitopathogenic region of S-Ag present in bovine retina; minor uveitopathogenic sites were somewhat different. As is true of retinal S-Ag, rat pineal S-Ag contains the same consensus phosphoryl-binding site present in many GTP/GDP-binding proteins and a homologous sequence found in the C-terminus of alpha-transducin. These sequences may play a role in the action of pineal S-Ag in transmembrane signal transduction.
States' responses to Title II of the Ryan White CARE Act. (1993)

Title II of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 1990 provides formula-based grants to States to help them improve the quality, availability, and organization of health care and support services for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article reviews State expenditures during the first year of CARE Act funding (April 1991-March 1992) within the context of Title II guidelines and the federally funded grant programs that preceded and helped shape Title II. The authors also discuss future challenges that require development of resources, the assessment of program impact, and the evaluation of the quality and appropriateness of HIV-related services. Ninety-one percent of the $77.5 million awarded to States during fiscal year 1991 went for the provision of medical and support services through HIV care consortia, drug reimbursement programs, home and community-based care programs, and health insurance initiatives. The remaining monies were used for planning, evaluation, and program administration. Forty States allocated $38.9 million for the establishment of HIV care consortia to assess service needs and to develop comprehensive continuums of health and support services in the areas most affected by HIV disease. Fifty States allocated an additional $28.3 million for the continuation or expansion of FDA-approved drug therapies for low-income people with HIV infection. Twenty-five States allocated $2.2 million for the provision of home- and community-based health services, and 16 States allocated $1.3 million for programs that help low-income people with HIV infection to purchase or maintain health insurance coverage.
An Extended Pattern Search Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Component Layout (2000)

An extended pattern search algorithm is introduced for efficient component layout optimization. The algorithm is applicable to general layout problems, where component geometry can be arbitrary, design goals can be multiple and spatial constraint satisfactions can be of different types. Extensions to pattern search are introduced to help the algorithm to converge to optimal solutions by escaping inferior local minima. The performance on all of the test problems shows that the algorithm runs one-to-two orders of magnitude faster than a robust simulated annealing-based algorithm for results with the same quality. The algorithm is further extended to solve a concurrent layout and routing problem, which demonstrates the ability of the algorithm to apply new pattern strategies in search and to include different objective functions in optimization. [S1050-0472(00)01901-2]
Screening a monoclonal antibody with a fusion‐phage display library shows a discontinuity in a linear epitope within pres1 of hepatitis B virus (1995)

The epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody MA18/7, specific for the PreS1-domain of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, has been defined precisely by means of a library of fusion-phage carrying random hexapeptides on the tip of filamentous phage fd particles. Phage, isolated after only one round of affinity selection, displayed hexapeptides showing strong conservation of the PreS1 primary sequence in the region 19-23 with three noncontiguous residues, DP (20 and 21) and F (23) appearing in phage that bound the antibody. The importance of these core residues was supported by comparing the antibody binding of individual phage in solution, which provided relative dissociation constants for these interactions. Replacement of F (23) by Y was the only substitution observed in the three core residues, and resulted in somewhat weaker binding. Synthetic tetra- and hexapeptides containing these key residues inhibited the reaction between the phage and the antibody.
Synthesis and evaluation of a desymmetrised synthetic lectin: an approach to carbohydrate receptors with improved versatility (2016)

A new synthetic lectin features apolar surfaces provided by two different aromatic components (biphenyl and pyrenyl). Affinities up to 260 M(-1) are recorded for carbohydrates in water. The desymmetrised design has potential for variation to give receptors with a broadened range of capabilities.
Design of fire alarm system by MC9S08QG4 based (2010)

Describes the basic working principle of the smoke sensor,smoke sensor using a reliable alarm in the fire control system,designed based on MC9S08QG4 of fire alarm systems,fire detection and fire alarm to achieve the automation of information transmission,gready improving early warning of fire disaster.
Domestic Violence and Dependency Courts (2008)

This field study reports on a cross-site evaluation of dependency courts in communities receiving federal funding to implement the Greenbook initiative, a multisite demonstration for community improvement of coordinated responses to families victimized by domestic violence and child maltreatment. This article focuses on the dependency court, where child maltreatment cases are heard, specifically court participation in collaborative activities and court practice improvements. Findings indicate that perceptions of judicial leadership varied considerably by site. Cross-training appeared to increase over time, particularly with court staff. Collaborative efforts emerged across the Greenbook initiative with regard to the courts, and some innovative practices appeared within Greenbook sites, such as separate case plans for perpetrators and victims of violence in families, reducing the likelihood of controversial failure to protect charges. Results also highlight challenges inherent in changing court practices. Research and practice implications are discussed, focusing on relevance to other communities attempting to work collaboratively with the court system.
Cellular therapies for solid cancer: clinical experience, challenges and future revolution (2020)

<!--StartFragment-->Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a form of immunotherapy in which cancer-specific T cells are modified and expanded&nbsp;<em>ex vivo</em>&nbsp;and re-infused to target and eradicate the tumor. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cell therapy has shown transformational clinical benefit in hematologic malignancies, but its application to solid tumors has been challenging. This review follows the evolution of ACT from initial insights to the implementation of treatment protocols, focusing on the predicaments during early trials for solid cancers with this treatment. While there is evidence for effective and durable immune rejection of refractory solid malignancies with adoptive cell transfer, the clinical experience disclosed key limitations and provided the impetus for developing the next iterations of cellular therapy products. Future directions of ACT are discussed, in particular with regard to genetic engineering of autologous cells, selection of appropriate targets and optimizing treatment regimens in the era of checkpoint inhibitors.<!--EndFragment-->
Cristallisation de la matière grasse dans une émulsion de MGLA dans l’eau : apport de différentes techniques physiques combinées (2005)

Structural characteristics of a same milk fat-in-water emulsion was determined using different physical techniques. Emulsion stability was monitored through determination of fat droplet size distribution and proportion of adsorbed proteins at the fat dropletwater intersurface. Thermogrammes observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showed that T (difference between temperature of initial crystallization and melting completion) was higher (by approx. 10C) in emulsified milk fat than in bulk fat sample. In addition, isothermal treatment at 4C leads to a peak time value (t max = 4C), which was ~12 min longer than in bulk fat. The evolution of viscoelastic properties under cooling and re-heating reflected not only contribution of crystalline fat in the emulsion during the ageing step at 4C, but also a contribution of gelatine which was added for structuration of the aqueous continuous phase. The coupling with DSC of time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction at both small and wide angles, showed that fat crystallization behave differently under cooling and re-heating: under cooling we observed (sub) polymorphic transition, and ' during the re-heating scan. Finally, separation of proton relaxation between aqueous and fat phases observed by low field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that crystalline fat formed at 4C is much more affected by the presence of emulsifiers than by emulsification. Results obtained using different approches were presented, in regards with their potentiality to give complementary information on emulsion structural properties.
Retrodirective Array Performance in the Presence of Near Field Obstructions (2010)

We investigate the situation where there are obstructing elements present in the near field of a retrodirective array. We describe three scattering cases, (1) by an array of straight wires, (2) by low loss medium density fibre board partially obscuring the array, and (3) by concrete blocks, totally and then partially obscuring the array. For all scenarios retrodirective action was shown to be able to provide various degrees of automatic compensation for loss in gain relative to that which would have occurred for a conventional (non-retrodirective) array in the presence of the same scattering screens. Gain improvements of up to 10 dB were observed when the retrodirective array was used. In addition we show how the induced variation of received and re-transmited amplitudes across the array, caused by the scattering screens, is the principle mechanism causing deterioration of the retrodirective arrays monostatic response.
Structural polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement (1969)

The fourth component of human complement (C4) in 102 individual plasma samples has been examined by the technique of antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis (AACE). Electrophoretic heterogeneity of C4 was manifested by the repeated occurrence of seven different precipitin patterns. These patterns were formed by varying combinations of three subtypes of C4, differing in electrophoretic mobility. The subtypes were designated C, A, and A(1), in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility toward the anode. The evidence that the observed electrophoretic heterogeneity of the C4 molecule represents structural polymorphism rests on five points: the pattern obtained from the plasma of a given individual was reproducible in different runs and with different bleedings; all seven patterns could be demonstrated on the same electrophoretic run; C4 of a given subtype retained its characteristic mobility after purification, when run alone or mixed with plasma containing C4 of other subtypes; the subtypes A(1) and C comprising pattern 6 could be separated chromatographically as well as electrophoretically; and the characteristic relative mobilities of different C4 subtypes, in plasma or after purification, were retained even after the rather large shift in mobility associated with conversion to C4i. The ratio of C4 hemolytic activity to protein concentration varied according to the subtype composition of individual samples, with highest ratios occurring with patterns composed of subtype C alone, intermediate values with patterns consisting of A and C, and lower values occurring with patterns containing subtype A alone. Although the mechanism of inheritance of this polymorphism is not yet clear, the data suggest that subtypes A and A(1) are inherited as autosomal codominant characteristics, independent of the inheritance of subtype C.
Vitamin E Does Not Modulate Plasma Lipid Profile or C-Reactive Protein Despite Suppressing Oxidative Stress in Orchiectomized Rats (2007)

Vitamin E is known to improve antioxidant status and to prevent lipoprotein oxidation. However, the effect of vitamin E on other cardiovascular risk factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile status, in orchiectomized rats is unknown. In the present study, 32 1-year-old male rats were randomized into two groups: a sham-control group (n = 8) and an orchiectomized group (n = 24). The orchiectomized group was divided into three groups of eight and assigned to one of the following treatments: orchiectomy (ORX), ORX + vitamin E mixture (65.6 mg/kg) diet, or ORX + vitamin E mixture (656 mg/kg) diet. For 120 days all four groups consumed a basal AIN-93M diet, while the vitamin E groups ate diets containing an additional vitamin E mixture. Four months after the study began, all the rats were killed, the blood was collected, and the plasma was assayed for antioxidant status, CRP, lipid profile, and indices of peroxidation. ORX decreased (P < .05) the plasma antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and CRP level and increased (P < .05) the plasma malondialdeyde, nitrite, and lipid profile compared with that of the sham-control group. In contrast to the ORX group, supplementation with vitamin E mixture increased (P < .05) plasma antioxidant status and dose-dependently increased (P < .05) SOD activity, while the vitamin E decreased (P < .05) plasma malondialdeyde and nitrite. The vitamin E mixture had no effect on CRP or on lipid profiles when compared to the orchiectomized rats. In conclusion, vitamin E appears to reduce oxidative stress without modulating lipid profile or inflammatory response.
Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes with High Binding Affinity for Large Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Host–Guest Complexation versus Self‐Encapsulation of Side Arms (2016)

Abstract Binding of guest molecules with high affinity and selectivity requires well‐designed hosts to provide optimized interactions in the host–guest complexes. Herein we report the design and synthesis of new cyclophanes 2PBI (2,6‐ i Pr)2 and 2PBI (2,6‐Ph)2 based on core‐disubstituted perylene bisimide (PBI) chromophores bearing two phenoxy bay‐substituents that evoke almost planar PBI scaffolds. This strategy afforded the new cyclophanes with conformationally rigid cavities to ensure strong binding to stiff planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our detailed host–guest binding studies with different PAHs by UV/Vis and fluorescence titration experiments revealed record binding strengths for PAHs with binding constants of up to 1.6×10 6 m −1 in chloroform at room temperature. One‐ and two‐dimensional NMR experiments and solvent‐dependent titration studies revealed self‐encapsulation of the side arms of PBI bay‐substituents into the cavities that attained high fluorescence quantum yields of these cyclophanes close to unity by preventing the interaction of PBI subunits in the excited states. The binding constants and Gibbs free energies of host–guest complexations disclosed significant effects of PBI bay‐substituents and core twist on the binding affinity of the cyclophanes.
[Superoxide generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and retinal lipid peroxidation in uveoretinitis]. (1994)

The presence of superoxide generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was demonstrated in an experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) model. Histopathological examination of the eyes, enucleated sequentially after the onset of EAU, and determination of retinal lipid peroxidation (LPO) revealed an increase in LPO products with progressive retinal tissue damage. In addition, histopathological changes, predominantly degeneration of the retinal outer segments, and increased retinal LPO were confirmed in vitro by culturing naive neural retina with activated PMNs. This increased LPO was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). These data suggest that lipid peroxidation reaction involving superoxide may play an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal tissue damage in ocular inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of PMNs.
Ein Beispiel für das Gleichgewicht Ethylen-Hydrido-Metall- ⇌ Ethyl-Metall-Komplex (1979)

Das Verständnis der Vorgänge bei der Insertion von Olefinen in MH-Bindungen ist u. a. für viele katalytische Prozesse bedeutsam. Es wurde erstmals nach gewiesen, daß ein Ethylen-Hydrido- (1) und ein Ethyl-Metallkomplex (2) in Lösung unter Normalbedingungen miteinander im Gleichgewicht stehen.
Bisphosphonates induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines (2000)

Breast cancer has a prodigious capacity to metastasize to bone. In women with advanced breast cancer and bone metastases, bisphosphonates reduce the incidence of hypercalcaemia and skeletal morbidity. Recent clinical findings suggest that some bisphosphonates reduce the tumour burden in bone with a consequent increase in survival, raising the possibility that bisphosphonates may have a direct effect on breast cancer cells. We have investigated the in vitro effects of bisphosphonates zoledronate, pamidronate, clodronate and EB 1053 on growth, viability and induction of apoptosis in three human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, Hs 578T and MCF-7). Cell growth was monitored by crystal violet dye assay, and cell viability was quantitated by MTS dye reduction. Induction of apoptosis was determined by identification of morphological features of apoptosis using time-lapse videomicroscopy, identifying morphological changes in nucleis using Hoechst staining, quantitation of DNA fragmentation, level of expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins and identification of the proteolytic cleavage of Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP). All four bisphosphonates significantly reduced cell viability in all three cell lines. Zoledronate was the most potent bisphosphonate with IC50 values of 15, 20 and 3 microM respectively in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and Hs 578T cells. Corresponding values for pamidronate were 40, 35 and 25 microM, whereas clodronate and EB 1053 were more than two orders of magnitude less potent. An increase in the proportion of cells having morphological features characteristic of apoptosis, characteristic apoptotic changes in the nucleus, time-dependent increase in the percentage of fragmented chromosomal DNA, down-regulation in bcl-2 protein and proteolytic cleavage of PARP, all indicate that bisphosphonates have direct anti-tumour effects on human breast cancer cells.