gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Vibrational Nano-scale Cutting (2019)

This research proposes a new Nano-scale cutting method. The self-excited vibration cutting method, could cut more efficiently than the forced vibration cutting method has been discussed. In the proposed method, the linear feedback control causes the self-excited vibration in microcantilever used as the cutting tool. It could avoid the problem noticed in the experiments that the microcantilever could not keep in the resonate state during the cutting based on the forced vibration. By analyzing and contrasting experimental results with forced vibration and self-excited vibration cutting methods, it has been demonstrated the cutting product is improved efficiently with the self-excited vibration cutting method. The microcantilever can be resonated regardless of which the natural frequency of the microcantilever would change during cutting. Furthermore, under the self-excited vibration by linear feedback control, this research has brought out the amplitude change of the microcantilever in air and contact condition, respectively.
Interactive visual study for residential energy consumption data (2022)

Interactive data visualization tools for residential energy data are instrumental indicators for analyzing end user behavior. These visualizations can be used as continuous home feedback systems and can be accessed from mobile devices using touch-based applications. Visualizations have to be carefully selected in order for them to partake in the behavioral transformation that end users are encouraged to adopt. In this paper, six energy data visualizations are evaluated in a randomized controlled trial fashion to determine the optimal data visualization tool. Conventional visualizations, namely bar, line, and stacked area, are compared against enhanced charts, namely spiral, heatmap, and stacked bar, in terms of effectiveness, aesthetic, understandability, and three analysis questions. The study is conducted through a questionnaire in a mobile application. The application, created through React Native, is circulated to participants in multiple countries, collecting 133 responses. From the received responses, conventional plots scored higher understandability (by 22.74%), effectiveness (by 13.44%), and aesthetic (by 10.54%) when compared with the enhanced visualizations. On the flipside, enhanced plots generated higher correct analysis questions’ responses by 8% compared to the conventional counterparts. From the 133 collected responses, and after applying the unpaired t-test, conventional energy data visualization plots are considered superior in terms of understandability, effectiveness, and aesthetic.
Purification of Sirups from Hydrolyzed Lactose in Sweet Whey Permeate (1979)

Sirups were prepared from whey permeates containing 90% hydrolyzed lactose by use of bentonite to remove protein and by cation and anion exchange resins to remove salts and nonprotein nitrogen, and then they were concentrated to 60 to 66% total solids. The resulting clear colorless sirups contained 98.7 to 98.4% carbohydrate, 1.18 to 1.40% protein equivalent (nitrogen x 6.38), and .13 to .23% chloride ash, dry weight. The sweetness and stability of these sirups were equal or more than sirups made by hydrolysis of purified lactose.
FACTORS GOVERNING SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF SPRAY-DRIED AMORPHOUS SUBSTANCES (1985)

ABSTRACT Changes in particle morphology (size, shape, and appearance) have been monitored during drying of drops of foods and food-related materials. The apparatus produces a single stream of drops of uniform size, using a vibrating-orifice device for drop production. The drop size and the time-temperature history of the drops as they fall can be varied and controlled. Qualitative observations are reported for drying of aqueous solutions of lactose, maltodextrin, skim milk, and coffee extract, with different feed concentrations. Particular emphasis is placed upon the tendency for development of folds upon the particle surface. A mechanistic model is developed, relating the tendency for folding to the extent of viscous flow of surface material in response to a surface-energy driving force. This model gives semi-quantitative agreement with observations for solutes of different molecular weight (and hence different viscosity) and for different feed concentrations.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Phosphorescent Light–Emitting Iridium Complexes Serve as a Hypoxia-Sensing Probe for Tumor Imaging in Living Animals (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Phosphorescent Light–Emitting Iridium Complexes Serve as a Hypoxia-Sensing Probe for Tumor Imaging in Living Animals
CO-Trapping Reaction under Thermolysis of Alkoxyamines:  Application to the Synthesis of 3,4-Cyclopenta-1-tetralones (2005)

[reaction: see text] An efficient one-pot sequence comprising a PRE-mediated radical 5-exo-cyclization, a radical carbonylation, a nitroxide trapping reaction, and a subsequent acid-catalyzed Friedel-Craft-type acylation provides a new entry into 3,4-cyclopenta-1-tetralones. Eight examples are presented.
New bioreactor for mechanical stimulation of cultured tendon-like constructs: design and validation (2020)

Although the results obtained have a poor statistical basis, they do suggest that the bioreactor could be usefully applied to stimulate constructs for tendon and ligament repair. Anyway, further experiments should be conducted in the future.
Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Compressed Sensing and Improved Multiscale Network (2019)

The diagnosis of the key components of rotating machinery systems is essential for the production efficiency and quality of manufacturing processes. The performance of the traditional diagnosis method depends heavily on feature extraction, which relies on the degree of individual's expertise or prior knowledge. Recently, a deep learning (DL) method is applied to automate feature extraction. However, training in the DL method requires a massive amount of sensor data, which is time consuming and poses a challenge for its applications in engineering. In this paper, a new data-driven fault diagnosis method based on compressed sensing (CS) and improved multiscale network (IMSN) is proposed to recognize and classify the faults in rotating machinery. CS is used to reduce the amount of raw data, from which the fault information is discovered. At the same time, it can be used to generate sufficient training samples for the subsequent learning. The one-dimensional compressed signal is converted to two-dimensional image for further learning. An IMSN is established for learning and obtaining deep features. It improves the diagnosis performance of the DL process. The faults of the key components are identified from a softmax model. Experimental analysis is performed to verify effectiveness of the proposed data-driven fault diagnosis method.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of a Constrained Ring Didemnin Analogue. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Storage Temperature for B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations for Primary Healthcare Populations (2019)

To the Editor:

Intervention studies have provided evidence that measurement of the natriuretic peptides in the primary care setting can help prevent subsequent cardiovascular events (1). For the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) assay, the suggested cutoffs in the primary care setting (50 ng/L or 35 ng/L) are well below those used in the acute care setting (1, 2). However, there is still much uncertainty regarding what concentration cutoff for BNP is the most optimal in this low-to-normal concentration range and even whether 1 common cutoff can be used for all the different BNP assays owing to the lack of standardization and other issues (3).

Further evidence of a prognostic role for BNP testing in the primary care setting is provided by Hejl and colleagues who demonstrated that a doubling of BNP concentrations increased the risk of death by approximately 30% in >60000 patients evaluated (2). These are compelling data; however, preanalytical concerns related to BNP testing in approximately half of the population preclude further assessment of what concentrations are prognostic. In that study, 45% of the samples for BNP testing were collected at a general practitioner's office …
Single‐Cross Bermudagrass Seed Production under Different Management1 (1982)

Abstract The ease with which bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] plants are vegetatively propagated, combined with their usual high degree of sexual self‐incompatibility, provides a simple mechanism for producing single‐cross seed. Such seed could be produced using two cross‐compatible, self‐incompatible plants vegetatively propagated in alternate rows in a production field. The feasibility of the system depends firstly on the seed yield potential of the parental plants and secondly on the acceptability of the hybrid plant population. This experiment was conducted to measure single‐cross seed yields and seed yield components from such a production block, as influenced by N fertilization and early‐season forage removal. The cross‐compatible, self‐incompatible bermudagrass plants were Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. accessions ‘A‐9959’ (PI 253302) and ‘Guymon’. Four levels of N fertilization (N = 22, 34, 67, and 101 kg/ha) and two spring mowing treatments were used in each of the 3 years of the experiment. The experimental design was a Latin Square, split‐block, replicated four times. The soil was a Brewer clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Arguistolls). The mowing treatments consisted of mowing and removing all growth on or about 1 May (Management A) or mowing and removing all growth on or about 1 May and again on about 20 May (Management B). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the selected rates in single annual applications soon after the plots were mowed on or about 1 May. Seed yield (kg/ha) and seedhead density (seedheads/m 2 ) were measured for 3 years (1975–1977), and florets/raceme and % seed set were measured for 2 years. Seed yields (kg/ha) averaged over treatments ranged from 658 in 1975 to 818 in 1976 and had a 3‐year average of 743. Nitrogen fertilizer rates had no significant (P &gt; 0.05) or discernible effect on any of the response variables. Significant effects due to management occurred for seed yield (P &lt; 0.05) and seedheads/m 2 (P &lt; 0.05) in 1975 and for florets/raceme (P &lt; 0.01) in 1976. Differences attributable to years were significant (P &lt; 0.01) for seed yield and seedheads/m 2 . The only significant interaction was management x years for seedheads/m 2 (P &lt; 0.05). Seed yields were higher under Management A during each year of the experiment, though the difference was significant only in 1975. Management A plots had significantly more seedheads/m 2 than Management B plots in 1975, but slightly fewer in 1976 and 1977. Management A plots also bore racemes with significantly more florets in 1976. While the elucidation of management effects on bermudagrass seed production will require further experiments conducted over time, our results support the feasibility of using presently available germplasm to produce new single‐cross seed propagated cultivars.
Design and Analysis of an Abbé Free Coplanar Stage (2017)

Design and analysis of a new Abbé free coplanar xy stage are presented in this paper. The xy stage is formed as conventional xy stages which combine with two stacked up linear guides. The x-guide is on the bottom and the y-guide is on top of the x-guide. The travel range of this xy stage is 300mm × 300mm, which fits dimensions of 12-inch wafers. A special mechanism is designed such that the z-surface of the y-guide has the same height as the z-surface of x-guide, and the Abbé error and cumulative error of this coplanar stage can be reduced. The concept of symmetric structure design is also considered to eliminate the structural deformation due to driving force of two guides. For this long travel range precision stage, the finite element method (FEM) is applied to analyze the structural deformation and vibration natural frequencies. The requirement of structural deformation due to self-weight load is limited to 1.5μm, and first natural frequency is limited to over 100 Hz.
Thermochemical Evaluation of Different Waste Biomasses (Citrus Peels, Aromatic Herbs, and Poultry Feathers) towards Their Use for Energy Production (2023)

The biomass waste obtained at the end-of-pipe of the extraction industry can be used as fuel for energy production, aiming at cost reduction/waste disposal issues. However, few systematic investigations into the calorific value of these residues are reported in the literature. In this work, the thermochemical properties of solid residues from different biomasses (residues from citrus peels, leaves, flowers, stems, and poultry feathers used for extraction) as potential biomass fuels have been investigated. The heat of combustion (ΔcH) of the solid residues from citrus (orange, tangerine, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo), aromatic herbs (rosemary, lavender, thyme, Artemisia vulgaris L. and Ruta chalepensis L.), and poultry feathers biomasses was measured by direct calorimetry. The results were compared with the higher heating values (HHV) calculated using the elemental (CHNOS) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses data and with the enthalpy of combustion calculated using the biomass composition predicted by FTIR spectroscopy in tandem with chemometrics. The calculated values match with the corresponding experimental values of ΔcH. The heat of combustion highlights the energetic features of solid residues for their potential uses as alternative biomass for energy production. This information is essential to evaluate the employment of solid residues as fossil fuel substitutes.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Spatial Transcriptomics Depict Ligand–Receptor Cross-talk Heterogeneity at the Tumor-Stroma Interface in Long-Term Ovarian Cancer Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Design optimization of dispersion compensating fiber for NZ-DSF considering nonlinearity and packaging performance (2002)

Design optimization of dispersion compensating fibers for NZ-DSFs considering both nonlinearity and bending performance required for packaging has revealed that a high FOM and low nonlinearity are achievable simultaneously by choosing proper design parameters.
PROCESSING-REFABRICATION OF METALLIC-URANIUM FUEL (1959)

Information is presented on the Processing-Refabrication Experiment (PRE) facility for the low-decontamination processing of irradiated uranium feels. Discussions are included on: equipment development, maintenance and repair, and oxide drossing, a pyrometallurgical method for partial removal of fission products from irradiated metallic-uranium fuel. A schematic is showm of the PRE low-decontamination process. (J.H.M.)
A new approach to rectangle intersections (1983)

The study begun in Part I is completed by providing an algorithm which reports all intersecting pairs of a set of rectangles in d dimensions. This approach yields a solution which is optimal in time and space for planar rectangles and reasonable in higher dimensions.
Removal of Colored Organic Pollutants from Wastewaters by Magnetite/Carbon Nanocomposites: Single and Binary Systems (2018)

This work develops a methodology for selective removal of industrial dyes from wastewaters using adsorption technology based on magnetic adsorbents. The magnetic nanoparticles embedded within a matrix of activated carbon were tested as adsorbents for removal of industrial dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of four independent variables, solution pH, initial concentration of pollutant, adsorbent dose, contact time, and their interactions on the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite were investigated in order to optimize the process. The removal efficiency of pollutants depends on solution pH and increases with increasing the carbon content, with initial concentration of the pollutants, the temperature, and the dose of magnetite/carbon nanocomposites. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was fitted to the kinetic data, and adsorption isotherm analysis and thermodynamics were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities were 223.82 mg g −1 for Nylosan Blue, 114.68 mg g −1 for Chromazurol S, and 286.91 mg g −1 for Basic Red 2. The regeneration and reuse of the sorbent were evaluated in seven adsorption/desorption cycles. The optimum conditions obtained for individual adsorption were selected as starting conditions for simultaneous adsorption of dyes. In binary systems, in normal conditions, selectivity decreases in the order: Red Basic 2 &gt; Nylosan Blue &gt; Chromazurol S.
TRAIL Death Receptor-4, Decoy Receptor-1 and Decoy Receptor-2 Expression on CD8+ T Cells Correlate with the Disease Severity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2010)

Our data suggest that TRAIL/TRAIL receptor expression profiles on T cells might be important in revelation of RA pathogenesis.
Supplementary Dataset S1 from Loss of NF1 in Melanoma Confers Sensitivity to SYK Kinase Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Dataset S1&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 209: ATIC-associated De Novo Purine Biosynthesis Is Critically Involved In Proliferative Arterial Disease (2022)

Background: Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a hallmark of arterial diseases, especially in arterial restenosis following angioplasty or stent placement. VSMCs reprogram their metabolisms to meet increased requirement of lipid, protein and nucleotide for their proliferation. D e novo purine biosynthesis is one of critical pathways for nucleotide synthesis. However, its role in proliferation of VSMCs in these arterial diseases has not been defined. Methods: De novo purine synthesis in proliferative VSMCs was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. The expression of ATIC/Atic (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase), the critical bifunctional enzyme in the last two steps of de novo purine biosynthesis pathway, was assessed in VMSCs of proliferative arterial neointima. Global and VSMC-specific knockout of Atic mice were generated and used for examining the role of Atic-associated purine metabolism in the formation of arterial neointima and atherosclerotic lesion. Results: In this study, we found that de novo purine synthesis was increased in proliferative VSMCs. Upregulated purine synthesis genes including ATIC/Atic were observed in the neointima of the injured vessels and atherosclerotic lesions both in mouse and human. Global or specific knockout of Atic in VSMCs inhibited cell proliferation, attenuating the arterial neointima in models of mouse atherosclerosis and arterial restenosis. Conclusions: These results reveal that de novo purine biosynthesis plays an important role in VSMC proliferation in arterial disease. These findings suggest that targeting ATIC is a promising therapeutic approach to combat arterial diseases.
Dual Inhibition of Vacuolar-ATPase and TMPRSS2 Is Required for Complete Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells (2022)

An essential step in the infection life cycle of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the proteolytic activation of the viral spike (S) protein, which enables membrane fusion and entry into the host cell. Two distinct classes of host proteases have been implicated in the S protein activation step: cell-surface serine proteases, such as the cell-surface transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and endosomal cathepsins, leading to entry through either the cell-surface route or the endosomal route, respectively. In cells expressing TMPRSS2, inhibiting endosomal proteases using nonspecific cathepsin inhibitors such as E64d or lysosomotropic compounds such as hydroxychloroquine fails to prevent viral entry, suggesting that the endosomal route of entry is unimportant; however, mechanism-based toxicities and poor efficacy of these compounds confound our understanding of the importance of the endosomal route of entry. Here, to identify better pharmacological agents to elucidate the role of the endosomal route of entry, we profiled a panel of molecules identified through a high-throughput screen that inhibit endosomal pH and/or maturation through different mechanisms. Among the three distinct classes of inhibitors, we found that inhibiting vacuolar-ATPase using the macrolide bafilomycin A1 was the only agent able to potently block viral entry without associated cellular toxicity. Using both pseudotyped and authentic virus, we showed that bafilomycin A1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection both in the absence and presence of TMPRSS2. Moreover, synergy was observed upon combining bafilomycin A1 with Camostat, a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 entry into TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the endosomal route of entry for SARS-CoV-2 and provides a rationale for the generation of successful intervention strategies against this virus that combine inhibitors of both entry pathways.
Inhibitory Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Superoxide Anion Generation in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1997)

It has been suggested that reactive oxygen species released by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in man is one mechanism of tissue injury. Therapeutic action aimed at increasing antioxidant defence mechanisms is still a clinical challenge. This study examines the activity of N-acetylcysteine, a known antioxidant, in the protection of PMN exposed in-vitro to the chemoattractant peptide fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP), the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate or the lipid peroxidation promoter t-butyl hydroperoxide. FMLP (3-300 nM) and phorbol myristate acetate (160 pm-160 nM) induced concentration-related superoxide anion generation. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (33-333 microM) resulted in concentration-related inhibition of superoxide production induced by FMLP (30 nM) or phorbol myristate acetate (16 nM);-log IC50 values were 3.97 +/- 0.07 and 3.91 +/- 0.10, respectively. Changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by FMLP (30 nM) were studied in fura-2-loaded human PMN. FMLP produced a transient calcium response, i.e. a peak followed by decay to a residual value above baseline. N-Acetylcysteine (333 microM) did not affect either basal [Ca2+]i values or changes in [Ca2+]i values after treatment with FMLP. Activation by phorbol myristate acetate caused a reduction in glutathione levels from 5.94 +/- 0.86 (control) to 1.84 +/- 0.51 nmol/3 x 10(6) cells (P < 0.05 compared with control). Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (333 microM) fully reversed the reduction in glutathione levels induced by phorbol myristate acetate (4.83 +/- 0.68 nmol/3 x 10(6) cells; P > 0.05 compared with control). Exposure to t-butyl hydroperoxide (0.5 mM, 30 min) markedly increased malondialdehyde levels (from 0.03 +/- 0.02 to 0.73 +/- 0.07 nmol/10(6) cells), and index of lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced in PMN treated with N-acetylcysteine (333 microM; 0.55 +/- 0.04 nmol/10(6) cells; P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide). In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine reduces superoxide generation in response to FMLP and phorbol myristate acetate and partially protects against lipid peroxidation in PMN from man. The protection afforded by N-acetylcysteine is not related to alteration of the intracellular calcium signal but might be effected by replenishment of the intracellular glutathione levels.