gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Stereo Matching with Decoupled Dissimilarity Measure Using Successive Weighted Summation (2014)

Developing matching algorithms from stereo image pairs to obtain correct disparity maps for 3D reconstruction has been the focus of intensive research. A constant computational complexity algorithm to calculate dissimilarity aggregation in assessing disparity based on separable successive weighted summation (SWS) among horizontal and vertical directions was proposed but still not satisfactory. This paper presents a novel method which enables decoupled dissimilarity measure in the aggregation, further improving the accuracy and robustness of stereo correspondence. The aggregated cost is also used to refine disparities based on a local curve‐fitting procedure. According to our experimental results on Middlebury benchmark evaluation, the proposed approach has comparable performance when compared with the selected state‐of‐the‐art algorithms and has the lowest mismatch rate. Besides, the refinement procedure is shown to be capable of preserving object boundaries and depth discontinuities while smoothing out disparity maps.
Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation (2006)

Minimally invasive TLIF in conjunction with unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation is an effective treatment for axial low-back pain in appropriately selected patients.
Dynamics of the Inlet System of a Four-Stroke Engine (1944)

"Tests were run on a single-cylinder and a multicylinder four-stroke engine in order to determine the effect of the dynamics of the inlet system upon indicated mean effective pressure. Tests on the single-cylinder engine were made at various speeds, inlet valve timings, and inlet pipe lengths. These tests indicated that the indicated mean effective pressure could be raised considerably at any one speed by the use of a suitably long inlet pipe" (p. 1).
Cross-layer designed adaptive packet length control for wireless networks (2011)

In order to guarantee the QoS (Quality of Service) for current or future multimedia application services over wireless networks, we have proposed a cross-layer design framework which is jointly optimized among physical, data link, and network layers. In our proposed scheme, we classify the various application services into two QoS classes, i.e., streaming and downloading types of data transmissions. This paper focuses on a frame fragmentation method in data link layer to improve both latency and throughput performances in network layer. The proposed scheme properly controls the packet length based on the QoS classes as well as CSI (Channel State Information). The computer simulations reveal that our proposed scheme improves latency and throughput performances by 8.52-10.5 dB and 12.4-12.7%, respectively.
Analyzing Data Streams in Scientific Applications* (2009)

Modern scientific instruments such as satellites, on-ground antennas, and simulators collect large volumes of data. For example, instruments monitoring the environment emit streams of environmental sensor readings, particle colliders produce streams of particle collision data, and software telescopes such as LOFAR33 produce very voluminous digitized radio signals. The measurement data is normally produced as streams rather than formats stored in conventional database tables. A stream has the property that data is ordered in time, and the data volume is potentially unlimited. Scientists perform a wide range of on-line analyses over the data streams. A conventional approach to data management using a relational database management system (DBMS) has the disadvantage that streaming data has to be loaded into a database before it can be queried and analyzed. If the data rate of a stream is too high, it will be impossible for the DBMS to load the streaming data fast enough. This creates backlogs of unanalyzed data, and the high data volume produced by scientific instruments can even be too large to store and process.2 Furthermore, offline data processing prevents timely analysis of interesting natural events as they occur.
Impact of the CSI on the Performance of Cognitive Relay Networks With Partial Relay Selection (2015)

In a cognitive relay network, a secondary cooperative transmission, sharing the same spectrum band with N primary transmissions, is considered. Assuming imperfect channel state knowledge of the interference channels (from secondary transmitters to primary receivers) at the secondary nodes, we investigate the problem of secondary achievable rate maximization under a constraint on the interference caused at the primary receivers. Different scenarios are defined based on the accuracy of estimating the interference channels at the primary receivers and the number of feedback quantization bits. For each scenario, we derive expressions for both the secondary achievable rate and the primary interference probability. Then, we investigate the associated power allocation problem and provide a sub-optimal solution. Finally, analytical and simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the provided solution in terms of secondary achievable rate and primary interference probability.
Increased average annual prevalence of upper respiratory tract infection (UTRI) in the central Indian population residing near the coal-fired thermal power plants (2021)

Abstract People are vulnerable to health risks due to particulate matter generated through the coal combustion processes. The air pollution due to the thermal power plant is a primary concern among all sources of pollution. The air pollution due to the coal-fired thermal power plant is a primary concern among all the different sources of pollution. The air quality (suspended particulate matter; SPM) modeling in the study area of central India was carried out using CALAUFF model. In addition, real-time air monitoring of particulate matter PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 was carried out in the study area. Real-time air quality monitoring data showed higher concentration of particulate matter (PM 1 and PM 2.5 ) at different locations in the study area, exceeding the regulatory limits set by NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards) and WHO (World Health Organization). Considering the most probable health impacts due to coal-fired thermal power plant, diseases such as chronic upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and asthma were focused in this study. Hospital admission data were collected for respiratory disorders from six different public health centers (PHCs) located in the study area for the years 2012 and 2013. Average annual prevalence (AAP) of asthma at Dhapewada, Patansaongi, Chicholi, Satak, Droli and Kanhan PHCs was observed to be 0.581, 0.218, 0.201, 0.155, 0.377 and 0.198%, respectively, whereas AAP of UTRI at Dhapewada, Patansaongi, Chicholi, Satak, Droli and Kanhan PHCs was 24.961, 40.693, 0.769, 12.775, 28.605 and 14.898%, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the study population residing nearby the coal-fired thermal power plants may have an increased risk to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) than asthma.
CdOSnO2 Thin Films Prepared by DC Sputtering with Oxide Targets (1991)

Cadmium–tin oxide (CTO) thin films are prepared by dc sputtering using sintered CdO–(10 to 33) mol% SnO2 targets in an Ar atmosphere with various substrate temperatures. Amorphous films are grown at the substrate temperature range from 323 to 573 K. Above 673 K, as deposited films show the crystalline structure of a Cd2SnO4 or CdSnO3 intermediate compound. The amorphous films have about 1.0 × 10−3 Ω cm resistivity and higher than 80% transmissivity over the visible range. These values of the amorphous CTO films are almost the same as the values of Cd2SnO4films. Dünne Kadmium–Zinnoxid (CTO)-Schichten werden mittels Gleichspannungs-Sputtern von gesin-terten CdO–(10 bis 33) Mol% SnO2-Targets in Ar-Atmosphäre bei verschiedenen Substrattem-peraturen hergestellt. Amorphe Schichten wachsen im Substrat-Temperaturbereich von 323 bis 573 K. Oberhalb 673 K zeigen ursprüngliche Schichten die Kristallstruktur einer Cd2SnO4- oder CdSnO3-Zwischenverbindung. Die amorphen Schichten besitzen einen spezifischen Widerstand von 1,0 × 10−3 Ω cm und ein Transmissionsvermögen von mehr als 80% im sichtbaren Bereich. Diese Werte der amorphen CTO-Schichten sind fast dieselben wie die von Cd2SnO4-Schichten.
Efficacy of screening for cervical cancer: a review. (1978)

Cytologic screening for cervical cancer currently enjoys wide acceptance, but there remains controversy in the literature concerning its efficacy in prolonging life. On the basis of a literature review, several conclusions are reached: 1) Cervical screening can identify women who are at greater-than-average risk of developing invasive cervical cancer by detecting asymptomatic lesions that would frequently progress to invasion if left untreated; 2) Therapy based on confirmed positive smears can reduce the incidence and mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer, as shown by declining rates in many centers that had constant or increasing rates before screening began, lower rates for geographic areas and occupational groups having less screening, and lower rates among screened women than unscreened women; and 3) Attempts to estimate the amount of life prolongation attributable to cervical screening have not yet yielded reliable figures, because of difficulties with the models or data used. However, in view of the available evidence, it is suggested that incomplete data should not prevent a vigorous continuation of screening where it is already extensive, and an escalation where it is not.
Changes in Tear Lipid Layer Thickness after Cataract Surgery in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients (2022)

Purpose: To compare tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) and dry eye parameters between non-diabetic and diabetic patients after cataract surgery.Methods: We retrospectively studied patients who underwent cataract surgery. We enrolled 65 eyes of 36 patients with cataracts but not diabetes (group I) and 35 eyes of 23 patients with both cataracts and diabetes (group II). The LLT, partial blink rate, tear break-up time (TBUT), and strip meniscometry tests were performed preoperatively and 1 and 2 months after surgery. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was completed before and 2 months after surgery by both groups.Results: In group I, the strip meniscometry test value was 3.2 ± 1.4 mm before surgery, 2.3 ± 1.0 mm at 1 month, and 2.5 ± 1.0 mm at 2 months, thus significantly less than before surgery (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The TBUT result was 3.4 ± 1.6 seconds before surgery, 3.0 ± 1.5 seconds at 1 month, and 2.9 ± 1.5 seconds at 2 months, thus significantly less than before surgery (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The OSDI score was 30.8 ± 21.3 before surgery and 20.0 ± 15.8 at 2 months, thus significantly lower than before surgery (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In group II, the TBUT decreased significantly from the preoperative value of 3.6 ± 1.3 seconds to 3.0 ± 1.0 seconds at 1 month and 3.1 ± 1.0 seconds at 2 months (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The OSDI score was 30.0 ± 20.6 before surgery and 19.0 ± 16.0 at 2 months, thus significantly lower than before surgery (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Neither group evidenced any significant difference in the LLT before and after surgery.Conclusions: There was a difference in dry eye parameters in each group before and after cataract surgery, but there was no difference between the two groups.
Development and Analysis of a Novel Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (2004)

This paper describes the development of a novel vertical axis wind turbine used for teaching and research purposes. The device is designed to operate at low tip speed ratios and features blades that are symmetric about the mid-chord plane. The blades are actively pitched by means of a mechanical system so that the chord of each blade rotates by 180º for every revolution of the main rotor. One of the attractions of the device is that it is self-starting and produces relatively high torque. A multiple streamtube analysis of the device has been developed and numerical predictions for the performance of the device are presented. Commissioning and field tests of a prototype are described and some preliminary performance results are presented and discussed.
Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in Coherent Optical Communication Systems With Probabilistically Shaped M-QAM (2019)

We find that the conventional 4th power and circular harmonic expansion (CHE) algorithms, which are originally devised for blind frequency offset estimation (FOE) in the uniform M-quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) systems, cannot work properly for probabilistically shaped (PS)-MQAM under moderate or strong shaping. To solve this issue, two novel blind FOE algorithms, namely the radius directed (RD)-4th power algorithm and the generalized circular harmonic expansion (GCHE) algorithm, are proposed. The former one adopts QPSK-selection based on a radius threshold optimized for a specific constellation entropy; while the later one conducts maximum likelihood (ML) estimation with a theoretically derived nonlinear radius transfer function in the GCHE. Several issues related to the practical implementation, including the optimization of the radius threshold in the RD-4th power algorithm, the impact of SNR-mismatch in the GCHE algorithm, and the computational complexities of the proposed algorithms, are analyzed. The Monte-Carlo simulation results show that: (1) the RD-4th power algorithm works properly in most of the cases except for very weak shaping, whereas the GCHE algorithm offers robust performance regardless of the shaping strength and outperforms the RD-4th power algorithm in all cases; (2) the performance gap between the two algorithms, which have the same computational complexity, enlarges for a larger constellation entropy. These observations indicate that the GCHE algorithm is a promising blind FOE algorithm, in terms of high estimation accuracy and robust performance, for applications that leverage the rate adaptability of the PS-MQAM, such as flexible optical networks.
1 Communication Technology Is the Backbone of Precision Agriculture (2011)

Derived from various influences from environment into agriculture and vice versa networking requirements of precision agriculture are explained. At the level of data exchange between agricultural and non agricultural institutions global networks such as the Internet are used and data contents are defined by non agricultural suppliers or customers. At farm level special local agricultural networks defined by DIN 9684 and ISO 11783 are put into action. Main characteristics of these networks are presented.
Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS0) (1999)

The Domain Name System's wire protocol includes a number of fixed fields whose range has been or soon will be exhausted and does not allow requestors to advertise their capabilities to responders.This document describes backward-compatible mechanisms for allowing the protocol to grow.This document updates the Extension Mechanisms for DNS (EDNS(0)) specification (and obsoletes RFC 2671) based on feedback from deployment experience in several implementations.It also obsoletes RFC 2673 ("Binary Labels in the Domain Name System") and adds considerations on the use of extended labels in the DNS.
Mechanisms of and Solutions to Moisture Absorption of Lanthanum Oxide as High k Gate Dielectric (2007)

Moisture absorption is a big problem of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) as a high permittivity (k) gate dielectric which can degrade properties of La2O3 films. In this study, two possible mechanisms were proposed. One is oxygen vacancies related mechanism. And the other is the intrinsic reaction between La2O3 and H2O due to the small lattice energy of La2O3. To suppress these two mechanisms of moisture absorption, two solutions were proposed respectively. One is ultraviolet (UV) ozone post treatment to suppress the oxygen vacancies related mechanisms via healing oxygen vacancies in La2O3 films. Our experiment results show that UV ozone treatment can suppress the moisture absorption of La2O3 film. The other solution is to dope larger lattice energy oxide to suppress the intrinsic moisture absorption reaction. We tried the Y2O3 doping (LaYOx film). Experiment results indicate that LaYOx films show much stronger moisture resistance than La2O3 film.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridylthioureas: Novel Nonpeptide Somatostatin Agonists with SST4 Selectivity (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete (2013)

This report presents recommended changes to coal fly ash specifications and test protocols contained in AASHTO Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing (AASHTO M 295). These changes include modifications to the test methods currently specified for evaluating acceptability of fly ash for use in highway concrete as well as the introduction of new test methods for enhancing such evaluations. The modified specifications and test protocols will guide materials engineers and fly ash producers in evaluating fly ash and assuring that highway concrete is enhanced, and not deleteriously affected, by replacing a portion of the cement in the concrete mixture with fly ash. The information contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state materials engineers and others involved in specifying and evaluating concrete mixtures for use in highway pavements and structures.
A seamless QoS-enabled mobility management mechanism for moving networks (2009)

The demand for resource-hungry applications whilst on the move is growing, and is being fuelled in particular by the increasing availability of high-quality multimedia services. To this end, micro-mobility protocols play an important role in providing seamless data delivery to terminals as they roam across different networks. However, such protocols typically lead to bottleneck congestion occurring within the access network. Within moving networks, in which a potentially vast number of terminals are present, the bottleneck congestion problem is significantly magnified, and can lead to increased call dropping probability and/or quality-of-service degradation. This paper therefore presents a novel mechanism, designed to ensure that the continuity of all sessions of a moving network is seamlessly preserved as it performs handovers to and within micro-mobility- enabled access networks.
Governing factors in stress response of nanoparticle films on water surface (2011)

The mechanical properties of self-assembled silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) films at the air-liquid interface are studied using both visible light optics and x-ray scattering techniques. The response of such films to compression is compared with results from previously studied gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) films, showing many similarities, along with significant differences. Possible factors governing the stress response of nanoparticle films are discussed.
Cancer Incidence in the U.S. Military Population: Comparison with Rates from the SEER Program (2009)

The U.S. active-duty military population may differ from the U.S. general population in its exposure to cancer risk factors and access to medical care. Yet, it is not known if cancer incidence rates differ between these two populations. We therefore compared the incidence of four cancers common in U.S. adults (lung, colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers) and two cancers more common in U.S. young adults (testicular and cervical cancers) in the military and general populations. Data from the Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) of the Department of Defense and the nine cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute for the years 1990 to 2004 for persons with ages 20 to 59 years were analyzed. Incidence rates were significantly lower in the military population for colorectal cancer in White men, lung cancer in White and Black men and White women, and cervical cancer in Black women. In contrast, incidence rates of breast and prostate cancers were significantly higher in the military among Whites and Blacks. Incidence rates of testicular cancer did not differ between ACTUR and SEER. Although the numbers of diagnoses among military personnel were relatively small for temporal trend analysis, we found a more prominent increase in prostate cancer in ACTUR than in SEER. Overall, these results suggest that cancer patterns may differ between military and nonmilitary populations. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore contributing factors.
A Novel Channelopathy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013)

Our study identified the association of a novel gene, KCNK3, with familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mutations in this gene produced reduced potassium-channel current, which was successfully remedied by pharmacologic manipulation. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)
Design and Operation of Stable rf-Biased Superconducting Point-Contact Quantum Devices, and a Note on the Properties of Perfectly Clean Metal Contacts (1970)

Point-contact devices are described which have exhibited long-term stability and reliability. A particular mode of operation of the devices as rf-biased low-frequency detectors is described in detail, including a description of how the device drives a resonant circuit to which it is coupled. In this mode of operation the sensitivity of the devices to low-frequency fields is of the order of 10−9 G per root cycle bandwidth. Perfectly clean contacts were made by breaking a notched niobium member at 4.2°K and then remaking contact at the break. Quantum behavior of such contacts is identical to that of ordinary contacts, but effects of microscopic multiple connections at the contact were not observed.
Condensed Cyclobutane Aromatic Compounds. XXIX. Benzocyclobutadienequinone. Ring Cleavage Reactions with Some Nitrogenous Carbonyl Reagents (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensed Cyclobutane Aromatic Compounds. XXIX. Benzocyclobutadienequinone. Ring Cleavage Reactions with Some Nitrogenous Carbonyl ReagentsM. P. Cava and R. P. SteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 6, 1866–1869Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01344a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solubility product of NaCl (2009)

The title topic highlights several important concepts in physical chemistry: chemical equilibrium, thermodynamics of ion solvation, ideal and non-ideal solutions and solubility of salts. Furthermore, the selection of pedagogically novel example (a single, highly soluble salt) emphasizes mutual links and relative roles of each concept.