gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of hu-PBL-SCID mice with high human immunoglobulin serum levels and graft-versus-host disease. (1992)

A chimeric model consisting of severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice populated with human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) has recently been described (bu-PBL-SCID mice). These reports indicated a limited reconstruction of the transferred human immune system and functionality of the human graft. Herein we described modifications of the PBL transfer method that minimize transfer time and cellular manipulations, leading to a more effective population of SCID mouse recipients. Severe combined immune deficiency mice given 15 x 10(6) PBL had human IgG serum levels reaching 2 to 5 g/l, and all mice had detectable human anti-tetanus toxoid antibody levels when they received cells from donors with such levels. These transfers were associated also with clinical and histologic evidence of graft-versus-host disease, suggesting responsiveness of the human graft in the recipients. When Epstein-Barr virus seropositive (EBV+) donors were used, the chimeric mice also showed a high incidence of fatal lymphoproliferative disease 1 to 3 months after transfer of 15 x 10(6) PBL. The high level of immunoglobulin synthesis and immunoresponsiveness of the human cells with this transfer procedure may expand the use of these chimeric mice for the manipulations of human immune cells in vivo.
Two types of fatty acid-binding protein in human kidney. Isolation, characterization and localization (1991)

Two types of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) were isolated from human kidney by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Northern-blot analysis showed the presence of two FABP transcripts in total kidney RNA, hybridizing with cDNA of human liver and muscle FABP respectively. Characterisation based on molecular mass, isoelectric point, fluorescence with dansylaminoundecanoic acid and immunological cross-reactivity showed that one, type B, was fairly similar to human heart FABP. The other, type A, showed, like human liver FABP, a high fluorescence enhancement and a wavelength shift with dansylaminoundecanoic acid as well as the binding of a variety of ligands. Antibodies raised against FABP type A and against liver FABP markedly cross-reacted in e.l.i.s.a., in Western blotting and in indirect immunoperoxidase staining on kidney and liver sections. Differences in amino acid composition and isoelectric points, however, indicate that type A is a new kidney-specific FABP type. The FABP type A is more abundant in kidney than the B type and is predominantly localized in the cortex, especially in the cells of the proximal tubules. The FABP type B is mainly present in the cells of the distal tubules. In conclusion, this study shows the presence of two types of FABP in the kidney. One type seems to be related to heart FABP, while the other type resembles, but is not identical with, liver FABP. Both types have a characteristic cellular distribution along the nephron.
Comparison of four virus-inactivated plasma concentrates for treatment of severe von Willebrand disease: a cross-over randomized trial (1992)

Until recently, cryoprecipitate has been the treatment of choice in patients with severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) because it can transiently correct low plasma levels of factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) and shorten or normalize the prolonged bleeding time (BT), the two laboratory hallmarks of the disease. However, cryoprecipitate may still transmit blood-borne viruses, whereas the development of virucidal methods have rendered plasma concentrates containing FVIII:C and von Willebrand factor (vWF) safer. To establish their potential usefulness in the treatment of vWD, we compared the effect of four virus-inactivated concentrates on FVII:C and vWF plasma levels and the BT (template method) in 10 patients with severe vWD using a crossover randomized design. The concentrates were an intermediate-purity, pasteurized FVIII-vWF concentrate; an intermediate-purity, dry-heated FVIII-vWF concentrate; a solvent/detergent-treated vWF concentrate, containing little FVIII; and a high-purity solvent/detergent-treated FVIII-vWF concentrate. All concentrates were equally effective in attaining normal and sustained levels of FVIII:C postinfusion, although peak levels were more delayed after the vWF concentrate. The effect of concentrates on the BT, however, was less uniform and satisfactory. The pasteurized FVIII-vWF concentrate transiently corrected, completely or partially, the BT in 8 of 10 patients, the dry-heated and solvent/detergent FVIII/vWF concentrates in five, whereas in no patient did the vWF concentrate correct the BT according to the criteria used in this study. These effects on the BT were not related to the plasma levels of ristocetin cofactor activity-attained postinfusion (100 U/dL or more in the majority of patients) or to the multimeric structure of vWF in concentrates (defective in larger multimers in all cases). In conclusion, even though virus-inactivated concentrates can be used to increase FVIII:C levels in patients with severe vWD, none of the concentrates studied by us consistently normalizes the BT in a sustained fashion.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and Public Health Implications (2010)

This article summarizes the published literature concerning the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori infection published from April 2009 through March 2010. Prevalence of infection varied between 7 and 87% and was lower in European studies. All retrieved studies examining transmission of infection concluded that spread is from person-to-person. One study collecting stool and vomitus samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis detected H. pylori DNA in 88% of vomitus and 74% of stool samples. Proposed risk factors for infection included male gender, increasing age, shorter height, tobacco use, lower socioeconomic status, obesity, and lower educational status of the parents in studies conducted among children. Decision analysis models suggest preventing acquisition of H. pylori, via vaccination in childhood, could be cost-effective and may reduce incidence of gastric cancer by over 40%. As yet, no country has adopted public health measures to treat infected individuals or prevent infection in populations at risk.
A Case of Congenital Accessory Punctum and Canaliculus in a Dry Eye Patient (2006)

Purpose: We report a case of congenital accessory punctum and canaliculus in a patient with dry eye, which had not previously been reported in Korea. Methods: A 56-year old woman presented with dry eye that was more pronounced in the left eye than in the right. An accessory punctum was found in the left medial canthus. Dacryocystogram showed that the accessory punctum had an independent canaliculus which was connected to a normal upper canaliculus. Results: The symptoms were relieved after permanent punctal occlusion of the lower and accessory puncta. Conclusions: Severe dry eye can be induced by congenital accessory punctum and canaliculus. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 47(7):1132-1135, 2006
Evolving Paradigms of Manufacturing: From Mass Production to Mass Customization and Personalization (2013)

This paper reviews the development of the paradigms of manufacturing, including mass production, mass customization and the emerging paradigm of personalization. In each paradigm, we discuss the contributions of scientific principles, manufacturing technologies and systems operations and how they are integrated together to achieve quality, productivity and responsiveness in manufacturing. We also compare the roles of the consumer in each paradigm.
Development of a 7-DoF Power Soft Robot driven by Hydraulic Artificial Muscles (2021)

The mechanisms of the current robotics are completely different from the muscle driving mechanisms of humans or animals. The 7-DOF power soft robot arm driven by hydraulic artificial muscles developed in this study can potentially achieve the coexistence of strength and softness while having motion characteristics close to those of humans. This robot has two antagonistic joints on the shoulder, two asymmetrical antagonistic joints on the upper arm and the lower arm, and the wrist and elbow have rotational pull-wire drive joints, a total of 29 hydraulic artificial muscles.
SYNFORM ISSUE 2016/02 (2016)

This new issue of SYNFORM could well be summarized by the score Switzerland -USA 2-2, which obviously reflects the countries of origin of the four articles that follow this Editorial.First to score was Switzerland, thanks to the elegant work of C. Mazet (Geneva University) who managed to get across the defense of a longstanding problem such as the stereochemistry control in the construction of the C(20) of steroids.But USA was not prepared to give up and the 1-1 materialized thanks to an asymmetric counter-attack of B. Borhan (Michigan State University) consisting of a stereoselective intermolecular chloro-etherification/esterification of allyl amides.But Switzerland took the lead again thanks to a stunning break down the wing of protein synthesis by J. Bode (ETH Zurich) who took advantage of a new powerful and versatile building block -an oxazetidine amino acid -for opening new routes to chemical ligation.But the resilient USA team didn't surrender and re-equilibrated the score once again thanks to the skills of an up-and-coming materials chemist -B.Northrop (Wesleyan University) -who is the protagonist of the final interview.Man of the match?I know it might sound a bit cheesy, but
A Comprehensive Characterization of Commercial Nanofiltration Membranes (2007)

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive characterization study of NF 90 (Filmtec), NF 270 (Filmtec), NF 2 (Sepro), and NF PES 10 (Microdyn‐Nadir) membranes by their morphology, charge, and separation performance parameters. Extensive investigations of the relations between membrane performance and membrane charge/morphological properties were performed by various measurement methods and active layer mass transport modelling. For this purpose, a broad experimental program was exerted with saccharides and polyethylene glycol at various pressures and with single salt solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 at various concentrations. pH effect on membrane performances was investigated as well. A Fortran program code of a hydrodynamic model was developed in order to determine the pore sizes of the membranes using the experimental data with organics. In addition, an equation‐based software, COMSOL Multiphysics, was utilized for the modelling with salt solutions. This eliminated the effort demanding program code writing for concentration and potential differential equations derived from extended Nernst‐Planck (ENP) equation, which is a common method in many publications. By this model, transport phenomena inside the membrane, relation between the membrane performance and its charge, as well as performance prediction of the membranes could be quested in detail.
Gastric nitrite processing in the surgically altered maximal and minimal bile reflux ferret model (1990)

Ingested nitrate and nitrite have been shown to contribute to endogenous, N-nitroso compound formation in man and experimental animals. N-nitroso compounds have long been suspected of contributing to higher levels of gastric cancer in various populations. Reconstructive gastric surgery to treat ulcers is accompanied by a change in bile reflux, gastritis and an increased incidence of gastric cancer in humans. To evaluate possible connections between gastric nitrite processing, reconstructive surgery and gastric cancer, the surgically altered domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo, was used as an experimental model. The aim of the study was to determine if surgery would alter the stomach in a way which would increase gastric nitrite concentration, and thereby enhance the likelihood of gastric N-nitroso compound formation. Three groups of ferrets, one control group (n = 6) and two groups of surgically altered ferrets, one to simulate maximal bile reflux (MABR, n = 6), and the other to model minimal bile reflux (MIBR, n = 7), were studied. Each group's response to an exogenously administered dose of sodium nitrite did not differ significantly with respect to rate of gastric nitrite absorption, with half-lives in the 13-min range. Permeability of gastric mucosa to nitrite did not differ between controls and MIBR ferrets. Mean doubling time of gastric nitrate appeared slowed in surgically altered ferrets. Mean rate of gastric emptying was the same in the three groups, but appeared delayed initially in MIBR ferrets. Thiocyanate concentrations, pH and HCl secretion, all parameters which have been shown to affect gastric nitrite processing, did not differ significantly between groups. Gastric mucosal endoscopic biopsies obtained at 6-month intervals showed no clear difference in degree of mucosal inflammation and/or dysplasia in the three groups. These findings indicate that gastric mucosal neoplasia has not occurred in this model and that changes in parameters favoring gastric N-nitrosation, even if relevant to the disease process, are not apparent at this time.
Application of Cre-loxP System to the Urinary Tract and Cancer Gene Therapy (2001)

The bacteriophage P1-derived Cre-loxP system is a powerful and versatile tool for in vivo DNA recombination. It is widely used in gene targeting research. The combination of the Cre-loxP system and a specific promoter enables conditional "knockout" of a target gene in a particular tissue or cell type. It has also made it possible to delete genes in adult animals that are essential for embryogenesis. This system is also used to enhance tissue- or tumor-specific promoter activities that are useful for gene therapy of certain types of cancer. It is expected that this simple and effective system will be further utilized in various research applications.
High Quality Syngas Production with Supercritical Biomass Gasification Integrated with a Water–Gas Shift Reactor (2019)

A thermodynamic assessment is conducted for a new configuration of a supercritical water gasification plant with a water–gas shift reactor. The proposed configuration offers the potential for the production of syngas at different H2:CO ratios for various applications such as the Fischer–Tropsch process or fuel cells, and it is a path for addressing the common challenges associated with conventional gasification plants such as nitrogen dilution and ash separation. The proposed concept consists of two reactors, R1 and R2, where the carbon containing fuel is gasified (in reactor R1) and in reactor R2, the quality of the syngas (H2:CO ratio) is substantially improved. Reactor R1 is a supercritical water gasifier and reactor R2 is a water–gas shift reactor. The proposed concept was modelled using the Gibbs minimization method with HSC chemistry software. Our results show that the supercritical water to fuel ratio (SCW/C) is a key parameter for determining the quality of syngas (molar ratio of H2:CO) and the carbon conversion reaches 100%, when the SWC/C ratio ranges between two and 2.5 at 500–1000 °C.
Efficacy of Ozone as a Disinfectant for Poultry Carcasses and Chill Water (1986)

ABSTRACT The effects of ozone on the quality of poultry chiller water and broiler carcasses were evaluated in a pilot plant size water recirculating poultry chiller. The microbial counts of ozone treated carcasses stored at 4.4°C were consistently lower than carcasses chilled under nonozonated conditions. Greater than 99% of all microorganisms washed from the carcasses were destroyed by the residual ozone in addition to significant reductions of one third in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a significant increase in light transmission (500 nm) of the treated process water. No significant carcass skin color losses, lipid oxidation, or off flavors resulted from ozone contact.
Onchozerkose-Infektion nach vorübergehendem Aufenthalt in endemischen Gebieten (1991)

We report the clinical picture of an European female patient, who suffered from Onchocercosis after a 4 year stay in endemic areas in Africa. The diagnosis was based on repeated skin-snips. Despite two courses of systemic chemotherapy, initial corneal changes could be observed as peripheral superficial stroma infiltrations.
Stage-specific expression of a selectable marker in Toxoplasma gondii permits selective inhibition of either tachyzoites or bradyzoites (1997)

The establishment of culture conditions suitable for inducing differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites into parasites resembling the latent bradyzoite form has opened this important developmental transition to experimental analysis. In order to develop a genetic marker suitable for positive and negative selection during parasite differentiation. the T. gondii HXGPRT gene was placed under control of 5' flanking sequences derived from two bradyzoite-specific genes: BAG1 and LDH2. Random transgene integration at undefined genomic loci resulted in modest regulation (approximately 5-6-fold induction) above relatively high background levels (approximately 4% of wild-type controls). Integration of transgenes at a defined genomic position was achieved by targeting the uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (UPRT) locus using flanking homologous sequences and fluorouracil selection. This strategy was found to provide the added advantage of enhancing bradyzoite induction frequencies under conditions of pyrimidine starvation (low CO2). Constructs integrated in the direction of normal UPRT transcription exhibited moderate levels of inducibility, but transgenes integrated in the opposite direction were dramatically induced under differentiation conditions: 50-100-fold above the very low levels observed in tachyzoites (< 1% control). Positive selection (using mycophenolic acid) was shown to inhibit tachyzoites but not bradyzoites, while negative selection (using 8-azahypoxanthine) inhibited bradyzoites only. Stage-specific regulation of the HXGPRT selectable marker should permit genetic selections for the identification of mutants in the bradyzoite differentiation process.
Interspecies Transfer of Resistance to Anthracnose in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (2009)

Lentil, Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris Medic., is an important legume crop on the Canadian prairies. Anthracnose, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus &amp; W.D. Moore, is a major barrier to seed yield and quality in lentil. Pathogenicity testing has revealed two races, Ct1 and Ct0, of C. truncatum in western Canada. No cultivar or landrace of cultivated lentil has been reported with resistance to anthracnose race Ct0. A search for Ct0 resistance in the wild species identified a high frequency of resistant accessions in Lens ervoides (Brign.) Grande. To incorporate higher levels of resistance from L. ervoides to the two races of anthracnose, a cross was made between a susceptible L. culinaris cultivar, Eston, and a resistant accession of L. ervoides germplasm, L‐01‐827A, which has both Ct0 and Ct1 resistance. Embryo rescue technique was used to obtain an F 1 hybrid. Single‐seed descent was used to advance the individual F 2 plants to F 7:8 recombinant inbred lines. Evidence of transfer of resistance to both anthracnose races Ct1 and Ct0 from the wild species to cultivated lentil is presented. Chi‐square tests of goodness of fit indicated that resistance to race Ct1 and race Ct0 may be conferred by two recessive genes. However, these results may be skewed due to variable fertility encountered in development of the population. Selection of resistant lines for use in pyramiding genes in breeding programs should result in a more durable level of resistance to anthracnose in lentil.
Abstract 3979: Identification of microRNA 885-5p as a novel regulator of tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer (2011)

Abstract Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by regulating gene expression. They are involved in the regulation of human diseases as well as colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most common cancer in the world and second leading cause of cancer death in the Hong Kong. Liver is the most common site of distant metastasis with poor prognosis for CRC patients. Recent evidences suggested that miRNAs affect the cell invasiveness of various cancers and regulate key steps in metastatic cascade. Moreover, studies also demonstrated that miRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of drug resistance. The study of miRNAs mechanism in liver metastasis may provide some new strategies for cancer treatment. Method: Microarrays were used for screening the expression differences of miRNAs between normal colon, CRC and liver metastasis. Lentiviral transduced colon cell lines were sorted with flow cytometer high-speed sorter by green fluorescent protein signal. Functional assay such as wound healing and invasion chamber were used to study the metastatic property (migration and invasion) in vitro. GeneChip expression was used to study the mRNA expression differences between gain-of-function and control. Orthotopic implantation of mi-885-5p-expressing CRC cells into the cecal wall of nude mice was performed to investigate their tumorigenic and metastatic capacity in vivo. Results: We quantified the expression levels of miRNAs in 14 liver metastasis samples and 12 colorectal cancer tissues, and identified hsa-miR-885-5p whose expression levels were significantly up-regulated in liver metastasis samples compared with the CRC samples. Over-expressed miR-885-5p cell line showed more invasive and migratory when comparing with control. 67% of the mice developed liver metastasis with orthotopic implantation of a CRC cell line overexpressing miR-885-5p, as compared with 33% of metastatic incidence in mice injected with the vector-expressing CRC cell line. GeneChip array showed that VCAM1 may be one of a possible target of miR-885-5p, which was comparable with the online database. Conclusion: We conclude that over expression of miR-885-5p is observed in liver metastasis has an important role in regulating the metastatic capacity of CRC cells vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3979. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3979
Hemoglobin G coushatta : A New Variant in an American Indian Family (1964)

A new hemoglobin variant, G(couhatta) (alpha2(A) beta2(iiiglu-->ala)), has been found in three generations of a family from the Alabama Coushatta Indian tribe in east Texas. The propositus suffers from an apparently unrelated, possibly genetic, agranulocytosis. According to the history and the blood grouping data there is considerable in breeding in the tribe and remarkably little admixture with other ethnic groups.
Occurrence of Psychosis in Patients with Epilepsy Randomized to Tiagabine or Placebo Treatment (2002)

TGB administration appears to carry no significant increased risk of treatment-emergent psychosis. Psychiatric history was not predictive of the tolerance or effectiveness of the drug.