gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mps1p Regulates Meiotic Spindle Pole Body Duplication in Addition to Having Novel Roles during Sporulation (2000)

Sporulation in yeast requires that a modified form of chromosome segregation be coupled to the development of a specialized cell type, a process akin to gametogenesis. Mps1p is a dual-specificity protein kinase essential for spindle pole body (SPB) duplication and required for the spindle assembly checkpoint in mitotically dividing cells. Four conditional mutant alleles of MPS1 disrupt sporulation, producing two distinct phenotypic classes. Class I alleles of mps1 prevent SPB duplication at the restrictive temperature without affecting premeiotic DNA synthesis and recombination. Class II MPS1 alleles progress through both meiotic divisions in 30-50% of the population, but the asci are incapable of forming mature spores. Although mutations in many other genes block spore wall formation, the cells produce viable haploid progeny, whereas mps1 class II spores are unable to germinate. We have used fluorescently marked chromosomes to demonstrate that mps1 mutant cells have a dramatically increased frequency of chromosome missegregation, suggesting that loss of viability is due to a defect in spindle function. Overall, our cytological data suggest that MPS1 is required for meiotic SPB duplication, chromosome segregation, and spore wall formation.
Precise formation technique of x-axis inversion regions on a quartz substrate and its applications to ultrasonic devices (2002)

This report represents a simple technique to form x-axis (electrical axis) inverted areas on a quartz plate with fine dimension control. After depositing a thin metal film of chromium, nickel or Nichrome on a quartz plate, the substrate is thermally treated. Thermal treatment at a temperature below the /spl alpha/-/spl beta/ transition temperature (573/spl deg/C) produces x-axis inversion for the quartz under the film deposited area while the axis inversion does not occur for the undeposited area. The axis inversion phenomenon depends on the cut angle of the substrate. Dimension control of the axis inverted area is possible using a metal film pattern. Applications of the x-axis inversion phenomenon are proposed. For example, a configuration composed of two resonators with different modes on an AT-cut quartz plate is represented. One resonator is formed on the noninverted region and operates as an AT-cut resonator. The other resonator is formed on the axis inverted region and operates as a temperature sensor because of its large frequency temperature coefficient.
Modeling the Mismatch of High-k MIM Capacitors (2007)

In this contribution we investigate the matching properties of modern high-k metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. In particular, we derive a compact physics-based model in order to explain the observed geometry dependence of mismatch. This model is successfully applied to MIM devices processed with Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> and AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as dielectrics.
Biological activities of native and recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A: dependence on lipid modification (1994)

Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins are 50- to 500-fold more active as cytokine inducers and B-cell mitogens than Escherichia coli lipoproteins and synthetic peptides containing the tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine moiety. To investigate the source of this unique potency, we compared native OspA from B. burgdorferi with recombinant lipidated OspA produced in E. coli. As little as 10 ng of either protein per ml stimulated B-cell proliferation and production of cytokines and nitric oxide by macrophages. The two proteins induced comparable antibody responses in mice. Nonlipidated OspA made in E. coli had no stimulatory activity. Thus, lipid modification is essential both in vivo and in vitro for the immunological properties of OspA. The lipid moiety appears equally active whether produced in B. burgdorferi or in E. coli.
GSM-based wireless home appliances monitoring & control system (2004)

This paper presents the emerging applications of the GSM technology. Using the public GSM networks, a home automation system has been proposed, designed, implemented and tested. The design of a stand-alone embedded system that can monitor and control home appliances locally using built-in input and output peripherals is presented. Remotely, the system allows the homeowner monitoring and controlling the house appliances via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the appliances status. The GSM modem provides the communication media between the homeowner and the system by means of SMS messages. The system software driver is also developed using an interactive C programming language platform.
The Structure of Thin Oxide Films Formed on Nickel Crystals (1969)

A study was made of the structural details of thin oxide films formed on the (100), (111), (110), and (311) of nickel. Oxidation temperatures ranged from 400° to 600°C, and the oxide films produced were between 25 and 500Aå thick. An x‐ray technique was utilized to measure the average strain in the films, the mosaic spread, the thickness, and the epitaxial relationships between oxide and metal. The oxide films on all crystal planes studied were observed to contain large numbers of short circuit diffusion paths. A change in the extent of these diffusion paths in the oxide on a given crystal plane produced a corresponding change in the oxidation rate. Furthermore, there was a variation in the extent and efficiency of the short circuit diffusion paths as a function of crystallographic orientation of the substrate, and this variation correlated directly with the marked oxidation rate anisotropy exhibited by nickel.
UPC---UPC (2006)

UPC extends ISO C into a Partioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming language. UPC allows programmers to exploit data locality and parallelism in their applications, while maintaining ease of use. UPC is running ubiquitously across nearly all HPC platforms and has been gaining rising support from the community. UPC is relatively very easy to use for irregular access patterns which can enable many new applications that are hard to express in other paradigms. In this BoF, the UPC consortium will share with the community the progress made in applications, specifications, tools, and implementations of UPC. Future plans will be also presented. The First half of the BOF will follow a panel format, where the members will represent the UPC consortium and will speak to different aspects of the UPC developments. The second half will be a question and answer session to promote the exchange of ideas.
Effects of Communication Delay on Human Spaceflight Missions (2023)

Missions onboard the International Space Station rely on the real-time availability of a large ground team of system experts to command the vehicle, solve safety-critical problems, and guide the crew during complex operations. Also, in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), supplies can be sent and crews evacuated quite quickly if needed. Future missions Beyond Low Earth Orbit (BLEO) will not have this 24/7, real-time safety net as communication latency increases, resupply difficulty increases, and evacuation opportunities diminish. There are few, if any, terrestrial analogs for human spaceflight missions BLEO that reflect the conditions—including extreme environments, long mission durations, and small crew sizes – that make these missions so high risk. Studies on specific conditions, such as communication delays and asynchronous interactions, have been performed in NASA Earth-based analog missions and have found that communication delays can disrupt ground-crew interactions and adversely impact team performance. However, there are gaps and limitations in studies conducted to date, notably on human spacecraft system failure response and recovery, the impacts of shorter lunar-relevant communication delays on complex operations, and the effectiveness of countermeasures. The work presented here breaks down real anomalies that occurred on ISS and Apollo missions and creates example scenarios fort Lunar Surface and Mars missions to explore the impact of communication delays of varying length on onboard operations and mission outcomes. Our analyses indicate that short communication delays (e.g., seconds to a minute) adversely impact the ability for ground to provide real-time oversight and guidance and to catch quickly emerging problems in time. Longer communication delays (e.g., up to 40 minutes on Mars missions) call for a shift of responsibility for tactical operations from ground to crew; crew must make time-critical decisions independently and respond to time-critical vehicle anomalies to prevent consequences.
Characterization of psoriasis in vivo by reflectance confocal microscopy. (1999)

Among available non-invasive imaging tools, confocal reflectance microscopy (CM) provides the highest-resolution optical sectioning of skin in vivo, to a controlled depth of 200-350 microns, the level of the upper reticular dermis. In this study, CM was used to view the histological features of psoriasis in vivo in lesional and non-lesional skin of five patients with stable psoriasis vulgaris. Stereohistological analysis of non-invasive confocal sections, and the correlation with transverse (en face) hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections from biopsies, was also performed. In psoriatic lesions, nucleated corneocytes and collections of infiltrating inflammatory cells were clearly seen. Morphometric parameters such as epidermal height, length of papillary dermis, and the count of dermal papillae were also easily quantified. In the upper dermis, dilated capillary loops were always present. Since CM sections are en face, the presence or absence of the granular layer could not be visualized in single frames, but could be monitored in a sequence of real-time videotaped images. In summary, CM provides a new technique for histologically evaluating psoriasis in vivo.
Distributed personalization: bridging digital islands in museum and interactive TV (2008)

Personalization and user experience are key challenges for effectively using current consumer electronics. The VU University Amsterdam demonstrated in two projects the use of Semantic Web technology for personalization: CHIP - combining the experience in a physical museum with mobile devices and the Web, and iFanzy - a personalized selection of the digital TV content in a cross-media environment.
Modeling the Optical Sensing Principle of the PapillArray Tactile Sensor (2021)

The PapillArray tactile sensor is a promising friction-based tactile sensor that uses a pinhole-camera-based transduction principle to sense the movement and forces experienced by soft silicone pillars. In this work, we develop and validate a simulation model of its mechanical and optical behavior. The simulated behavior approximates the response of the physical prototype, with differences explained by manufacturing imprecision. The developed simulation methodology will enable rapid design iteration of future revisions based on this novel optical transduction method, decreasing the design cycle duration and increasing the odds of creating successful hardware sensor prototypes.
Probabilistic Forecasting Model for Non-normally Distributed EV Charging Demand (2020)

A method for probabilistic electric vehicle (EV) demand forecasting is proposed in this paper. The EV demand in a certain area is forecasted by an ensemble forecasting model. The forecast result includes a deterministic forecasting and prediction interval that indicates the probability of deviation from deterministic forecasting. In the case study, an actual observed dataset from the UK is used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results show that the target EV charging demand to be forecasted shows 80% prediction interval coverage for 27 days out of 30 simulated days.
Assay for Urinary Methylmalonic Acid by High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (1994)

An assay for urinary methylmalonic acid by high-pressure liquid chromatography was devised. Methylmalonic acid could be assayed over a range of 5–80 μg by this method, which is one of the most convenient and useful assays for the acid in urine as an index of cobalamin deficiency.
Efficient k-nearest neighbor graph construction for generic similarity measures (2011)

K-Nearest Neighbor Graph (K-NNG) construction is an important operation with many web related applications, including collaborative filtering, similarity search, and many others in data mining and machine learning. Existing methods for K-NNG construction either do not scale, or are specific to certain similarity measures. We present NN-Descent, a simple yet efficient algorithm for approximate K-NNG construction with arbitrary similarity measures. Our method is based on local search, has minimal space overhead and does not rely on any shared global index. Hence, it is especially suitable for large-scale applications where data structures need to be distributed over the network. We have shown with a variety of datasets and similarity measures that the proposed method typically converges to above 90% recall with each point comparing only to several percent of the whole dataset on average.
A Single-Step Synthesis of Azetidine-3-amines (2020)

The azetidine group is frequently encountered within contemporary medicinal chemistry. However, the introduction of an azetidine can be synthetically challenging. Herein, a straightforward synthesis of azetidine-3-amines, starting from a bench stable, commercial material is presented. The reaction tolerates common functionality and proceeds in moderate-to-high yield with secondary amines, and moderate-to-low yield with primary amines. The methodology compares favorably to alternative procedures and can be utilized in "any-stage" functionalization, including late-stage azetidinylation of approved drugs and other compounds with pharmacological activity.
Merging Photoredox and Copper Catalysis: Enantioselective Radical Cyanoalkylation of Styrenes (2018)

A photoredox and copper catalyzed asymmetric cyanoalkylation reaction of alkenes has been developed, which uses alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as alkylation reagents. In this radical cyanoalkylation reaction, the photoredox induced alkyl radical adds to styrene, and the generated benzylic radical couples with a chiral Box/CuII cyanide complex to achieve the enantioselective cyanation. This reaction features mild conditions, operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, high yields, and high enantioselectivities, which represents an efficient method for the asymmetric radical difunctionalization of alkenes.
PERSONALITY, DEPRESSION AND HEADACHE TYPE (1976)

SYNOPSIS Seventy‐four subjects with a chief complaint of headache of functional origin were tested using the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). No associations were found between individual headache types and personality dimension factors on the CPI. The differences found related to the effect of depression on psychologic test performance. Future studies of personality and headache types need to control for the effect of depression on psychologic testing.
A three-point minimal solution for panoramic stitching with lens distortion (2008)

We present a minimal solution for aligning two images taken by a rotating camera from point correspondences. The solution particularly addresses the case where there is lens distortion in the images. We assume to know the two camera centers but not the focal lengths and allow the latter to vary. Our solution uses a minimal number (three) of point correspondences and is well suited to be used in a hypothesis testing framework. It does not suffer from numerical instabilities observed in other algebraic minimal solvers and is also efficient. We validate our solution in multi-image panoramic stitching on real images with lens distortion.
Some Perspectives on Dietary Inhibition of Carcinogenesis: Studies with Curcumin and Tea (1997)

Topical application of curcumin inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis on mouse skin, and oral administration of curcumin inhibits chemically induced oral, forestomach, duodenal, and colon carcinogenesis. Curcumin and other inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase are thought to inhibit carcinogenesis by preventing the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites. In contrast to our expectation of a tumorigenic effect of arachidonic acid, we found that treatment of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mouse skin with very high doses of arachidonic acid twice daily, 5 days a week for 26 weeks, failed to result in tumors. We considered the possibility that some of the cancer chemopreventive effects of curcumin may be related to an effect of this compound on cellular differentiation, and we investigated the effect of curcumin on differentiation in the human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cell model system. Although curcumin alone had little or no effect on cellular differentiation, when it was combined with all-trans retinoic acid or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 a synergistic effect was observed. It is possible that many dietary chemicals in fruits, vegetables, and other edible plants can prevent cancer by synergizing with endogenously produced stimulators of differentiation such as all-trans retinoic acid, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and butyrate. More research is needed to test this hypothesis. Administration of green or black tea inhibits carcinogenesis in several animal models, and tumor growth is also inhibited. Several examples were presented of chemopreventive agents that inhibit carcinogenesis in one animal model but enhance carcinogenesis in a different animal model. Greater efforts should be made to understand mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention and to determine whether a potential chemopreventive agent is useful in many experimental settings or whether it is useful in only a limited number of experimental settings.
Predicting the socioethical implications of implanting people with microchips (2009)

Implants for humans are not new. The installation of pacemakers in humans and a great number of other medical innovations for prosthesis are now considered straightforward procedures. Today we have even realised the potential for microchip implants to be embedded inside the human body for the purpose of acting as unique lifetime identifiers (ULIs). Tiny radiofrequency identification (RFID) devices with on-board sensors are now being used to identify people uniquely and to provide access to other data such as medical records. Some of the major problems pertaining to microchip implants are related to who or what is in control of the personal data stored and gathered from such devices. While each new implanted device might well be in accordance with governing regulations for commercial purposes, this does not necessarily mean that the risks associated with that particular application have been nullified. The popular perception is that compliance with common standards and regulations, and adherence to state laws means that the device is not only safe to use but is also certainly not illegal. The question of ethics and ethical practices, however, clouds the technology, which by its very nature is penetrating, trespassing into that most sacred of spaces: the human body. The natural possession of the self becomes to a degree the property of a thirdparty stakeholder, someone other than the ‘I’. This condition beckons new explorations into the traditional world of metaphysics, particularly to do with questions connected to identity and consciousness. Numerous attempts have been made to clarify and to solve the problems that humancentric implants have created. These fall into a number of categories: self-based assurance controls, like those founded on proprietary standards, and antihacking and anti-cloning devices such as metal coverings to Figure 1. Amal Graafstra has two radio-frequency identification (RFID) implants. The one in his right hand was implanted by a family doctor using an Avid injector kit like the ones used on pets. He can access his front door, car door and log into his computer using his implants. (Photo courtesy of Amal Graafstra, Bellingham, United States, 2007.)
Latent damage in CMOS devices from single-event latchup (2002)

Evaluation of several types of CMOS devices after nondestructive latchup revealed structural changes in interconnects that appears to be due to localized ejection of part of the metallization due to melting. This is a potential reliability hazard for CMOS devices because it creates localized voids within interconnects that reduce the cross section by one to two orders of magnitude in the damaged region. These effects must be considered when testing devices for damage from latchup, as well as in establishing limits for current detection and shutdown as a means of latchup protection.
Prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding. Endoscopic and pharmacologic treatment (2001)

SUMMARY Bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is the most severe complication of portal hypertension. The long-term probability of rebleeding of patients surviving a variceal bleed is about 60%, with a mean risk of death of about 45%. Thus, all patients who survive an episode of variceal bleeding must be treated to prevent rebleeding. Pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers has been shown to reduce the rebleeding rate by about 40%. Endoscopie methods such as sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation have also been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of variceal rebleeding. Banding was markedly superior to sclerotherapy in preventing rebleeding, while mortality was similar with either treatment. The advantage of combining sclerotherapy with beta-blockers appears to be small. The value of combining banding and sclerotherapy with the aim of reducing variceal recurrence is still unproven. In conclusion, the first line treatment for prevention of recurrent variceal haemorrhage is either ‚-blockade or band ligation. In patients who have a contraindication to ‚ -blockers therapy or who have bled while on ‚-blockers, band ligation is the preferred treatment to prevent recurrent variceal hemorrhage.
Modular and collaborative automation: achieving manufacturing flexibility and reconfigurability (2008)

Manufacturing companies urgently need production systems that can provide both the flexibility to support product variety dynamically and the reconfigurability to be adapted economically to manufacture new products. In response to this need, a new collaborative automation paradigm is now emerging, which is characterised by decentralised distributed automation systems composed of intelligent reconfigurable mechatronics modules. This paper aims to provide a significant insight into the benefits and challenges posed by the industrial adoption of this paradigm. It describes both how best to provide appropriate modular reconfigurable automation systems and how best to implement engineering environments capable of supporting their lifecycle.