gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incident ion techniques (1994)

Introduction At low incident kinetic energies (at most a few tens of eV) the interaction of incident ions with a surface is dominated by charge transfer to neutralise the ion. This produces electron emission characteristic of the electronic structure of the surface, and therefore forms a valence level spectroscopy known as INS. This will be discussed in detail in the next section. By contrast, a number of techniques in surface studies utilise the kinetic energy transfer of more energetic incident ions to provide information on the surface. Most of these techniques use incident inert gas ions He + , Ne + or Ar + in the energy range from a few hundred eV to a few keV although some use is also made of similarly low energy alkali metal ions (Li + , Na + , K + ) and oxygen ions, and there are also techniques based on the use of far more energetic (up to 1 MeV or more) incident ions of He + and H + . While these incident ions may also suffer charge transfer at the surface, and can produce electronic excitations both in the form of core level ionisation and plasmon excitation, most techniques concentrate on the kinetic energy transfers between the incident ion and the atoms which comprise the surface.
The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival (2013)

A standardized approach to the collection and analysis of hypothermia data in existing newborn programs and studies is needed to inform policy and program planners on optimal thermal protection interventions. Thermoprotective behavior changes such as skin-to-skin care or the use of appropriate devices have not yet been scaled up globally. The introduction of simple hypothermia prevention messages and interventions into evidence-based, cost-effective packages for maternal and newborn care has promising potential to decrease the heavy global burden of newborn deaths attributable to severe infections, prematurity, and asphyxia. Because preventing and treating newborn hypothermia in health institutions and communities is relatively easy, addressing this widespread challenge might play a substantial role in reaching Millennium Development Goal 4, a reduction of child mortality.
Polystyrene-based deblocking-scavenging agents for the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl amino-protecting group (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolystyrene-based deblocking-scavenging agents for the 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl amino-protecting groupLouis A. Carpino, E. M. E. Mansour, C. H. Cheng, James R. Williams, Russell MacDonald, Jerome Knapczyk, Mark Carman, and Andrzej LopusinskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 5, 661–665Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00153a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00153a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1506Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical Responses of Chiral Majorana Edge States in Two-Dimensional Topological Superconductors (2021)

Majorana fermions exist on the boundaries of two-dimensional topological superconductors (TSCs) as charge-neutral quasiparticles. The neutrality makes the detection of such states challenging from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Current methods largely rely on transport measurements in which Majorana fermions manifest themselves by inducing electron-pair tunneling at the lead-contacting point. Here we show that chiral Majorana fermions in TSCs generate enhanced local optical response. The features of local optical conductivity distinguish them not only from trivial superconductors or insulators but also from normal fermion edge states such as those in quantum Hall systems. Our results provide a new applicable method to detect dispersive Majorana fermions and may lead to a novel direction of this research field.
Reduced T-cell Numbers and Elevated Levels of Immunomodulatory Cytokines in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients De Novo Resistant to Abiraterone and/or Enzalutamide Therapy (2019)

Currently, there are two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients: abiraterone and enzalutamide. However, our understanding of the effect of these therapies on the immune system in mCRPC patients remains limited. Here, we examined how abiraterone and enzalutamide treatment affects levels of soluble immune mediators in plasma and in circulating immune cells of 44 mCRPC patients. We found that the baseline levels of cytokines fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-6 were significantly lower in ADT-sensitive compared to de novo resistant patients. In addition, resistant patients showed significantly lower T cell frequencies. When comparing the levels of cytokines over the course of treatment, we observed that the levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-5, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), were significantly increased in the ADT-sensitive patients. At the same time, the abiraterone/enzalutamide therapy did not reduce the percentage of tolerogenic myeloid cell populations, such as polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which retained unaltered expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and B7-H3. Overall, our results suggest that certain immune markers, such as IL-6 and the frequency of effector T cells, could be predictive of therapeutic response to ADT therapies in mCRPC patients.
Comparison of Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (2019)

IntroductionQuantitative in vivo measurement of brain amyloid burden is important for both research and clinical purposes. However, the existence of multiple imaging tracers presents challenges to the interpretation of such measurements. This study presents a direct comparison of Pittsburgh compound B-based and florbetapir-based amyloid imaging in the same participants from two independent cohorts using a crossover design.MethodsPittsburgh compound B and florbetapir amyloid PET imaging data from three different cohorts were analyzed using previously established pipelines to obtain global amyloid burden measurements. These measurements were converted to the Centiloid scale to allow fair comparison between the two tracers. The mean and inter-individual variability of the two tracers were compared using multivariate linear models both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.ResultsGlobal amyloid burden measured using the two tracers were strongly correlated in both cohorts. However, higher variability was observed when florbetapir was used as the imaging tracer. The variability may be partially caused by white matter signal as partial volume correction reduces the variability and improves the correlations between the two tracers. Amyloid burden measured using both tracers was found to be in association with clinical and psychometric measurements. Longitudinal comparison of the two tracers was also performed in similar but separate cohorts whose baseline amyloid load was considered elevated (i.e., amyloid positive). No significant difference was detected in the average annualized rate of change measurements made with these two tracers.DiscussionAlthough the amyloid burden measurements were quite similar using these two tracers as expected, difference was observable even after conversion into the Centiloid scale. Further investigation is warranted to identify optimal strategies to harmonize amyloid imaging data acquired using different tracers.
0396 Genetic variation of predicted milk fatty acids groups in Canadian Holsteins (2016)

The objective of this study was to investigate genetic variability of mid infrared predicted fatty acids groups in Canadian Holstein cows. Milk samples were collected by CanWest DHI (Guelph, ON, Canada) and Valacta (Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada) during routine milk recordings. Milk samples were analyzed using MilkoScan FT6000 spectrometers (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark). Milk mid infra-red spectra generated from January 2013 to July 2015 were standardized and then predicted for five groups of fatty acids: short-chain (C4–C10), medium-chain (C12–C16), long-chain (C17–C22), saturated (no double bond), and unsaturated (one or more double bonds) fatty acids. The predicted fatty acid values were log transformed to improve normality. The data set included 49,127 test-day records from 10,029 first lactation Holstein cows in 810 herds. The total number of animals in the pedigree was 76,074. The random regression animal test-day model included: days in milk, herd test day, and season-age of calving (polynomial regression) as fixed effects, and herd-year of calving, animal and permanent environment effects as random polynomial regressions, and random residual effect. The significance of fixed effects and the best degree of the fixed Legendre polynomial regressions for season-age effect (third degree) were determined using AI-REML. Bayesian methods with Gibbs sampling were then used for fitting models with different degree of random regressions, assuming the best degree for fixed regressions, and the same increasing degree for all random effects (from intercept only to 4thdegree). Fourth degree random regressions yielded the best fitting based on the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). No polynomials with degree higher than 4 were fit due to low number of cows with more than 5 fatty acid measurements and the cubic shape of the phenotypic distribution of the fatty acid groups. The estimate of average daily heritability over the lactation for medium-chain fatty acid (0.37) was higher than for short-chain (0.30) and long-chain (0.24). The average daily heritability for saturated fatty acid (0.38) was larger than for unsaturated fatty acid group (0.23). These results provide evidence for the existence of genetic variation in fatty acids groups, and thus indicate possibility of altering milk fatty acid composition through genetic selection.
Estimating Circadian Sleep/Wake Cycle From Rest/Activity Behaviors In Inbred Strains Of Rats (2008)

To establish methods to screen inbred rat strains, we studied EEG/EMG and movement in Brown Norway (BN MCWi ), Fawn Hooded (FH MCWi ), and Dahl Salt Sensitive (SS MCWi ) inbred rat strains in environmental chambers during 3 successive 12L:12D circadian light:dark cycles. The 3 rd light:dark cycle was analyzed for the circadian relationship of the onset, offset and duration of sleep state and movement. Although circadian amplitude and phase onset of sleep was different* between strains, onset, offset and duration of sleep and movement were significantly* correlated within strains. Analyzing probability of sleep onset and sleep offset from duration of inactivity we established a 95% probability* of sleep after 35 sec and 0.75 sec, respectively, that was NOT different* within and between strains. We developed an algorithm to determine sleep/wake periods from movement in previously unstudied FH MCWi and BN MCWi rats and found we correctly* estimated sleep onset (90%) and sleep offset (96%) in all observations. We have revised the algorithm to estimate 4 periods of sleep/wake (Active Wake, Quiet Wake, Sleep and Sustained Sleep) to further characterize sleep/wake. In conclusion we have established methods to screen sleep/wake patterns in consomic, congenic and ENU mutated inbred rat strains and to investigate physiological dysfunction and sleep in these models. This study was funded by NHLBI (U01 HL66579) (*P &lt; 0.05)
FORMULATION, CASTING, AND EVALUATION OF PARAFFIN-BASED SOLID FUELS CONTAINING ENERGETIC AND NOVEL ADDITIVES FOR HYBRID ROCKETS (2015)

This investigation studied the inclusion of various additives to paraffin wax for use in a hybrid rocket motor. Some of the paraffin-based fuels were doped with various percentages of LiAlH4 (up to 10%). Addition of LiAlH4 at 10% was found to increase regression rates between 7 - 10% over baseline paraffin through tests in a gaseous oxygen hybrid rocket motor. Mass burn rates for paraffin grains with 10% LiAlH4 were also higher than those of the baseline paraffin. RDX was also cast into a paraffin sample via a novel casting process which involved dissolving RDX into dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent and then drawing a vacuum on the mixture of paraffin and RDX/DMF in order to evaporate out the DMF. It was found that although all DMF was removed, the process was not conducive to generating small RDX particles. The slow boiling generated an inhomogeneous mixture of paraffin and RDX. It is likely that superheating the DMF to cause rapid boiling would likely reduce RDX particle sizes. In addition to paraffin/LiAlH4 grains, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were cast in paraffin for testing in a hybrid rocket motor, and assorted samples containing a range of MWNT percentages in paraffin were imaged using SEM. The fuel samples showed good distribution of MWNT in the paraffin matrix, but the MWNT were often agglomerated, indicating that a change to the sonication and mixing processes were required to achieve better uniformity and debundled MWNT. Fuel grains with MWNT fuel grains had slightly lower regression rate, likely due to the increased thermal conductivity to the fuel subsurface, reducing the burning surface temperature.
0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology with More-than-Moore modules (2017)

This paper presents three different technology modules, integrated into a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process; namely RF-MEMS switch, microfluidics and heterogeneous integration technologies. The RF-MEMS switch module is optimized for mm-wave applications and offers superior performance figures at D-band with a wafer level encapsulated packaging option. The microfluidics module which is embedded by bonding three different wafers, provides a unique platform of fluid-electronic interaction with possibility of optical observation. Finally, the FOWLP option provides the heterogeneous integration of a single or multi chips in a single package. The BiCMOS process together with the integration of all these modules offers a technology platform to follow the More-than-Moore path for multi-functional and smart systems.
Discovery of anticancer agents of diverse natural origin (2009)

A collaborative multidisciplinary research project is described in which new natural product anticancer drug leads are obtained from a diverse group of organisms, constituted by tropical plants, aquatic cyanobacteria, and filamentous fungi. Information is provided on how these organisms are collected and processed. The types of bioassays are indicated in which crude extracts of these acquisitions are tested. Progress made in the isolation of lead bioactive secondary metabolites from three tropical plants is discussed.
NEW ANTIMICROBIAL DITERPENES, DICTYOL F AND EPIDICTYOL F, FROM THE BROWN ALGA DICTYOTA DICHOTOMA (1983)

Abstract The methanol extract of the brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma inhibited the growth of microbes. Three active constituents were found to be diterpene alcohols having the hydroazulene skeleton.
Tailoring Second Harmonic Diffraction in GaAs Metasurfaces via Crystal Orientation (2019)

We use GaAs metasurfaces with (111) crystal orientation to channel the second harmonic generation (SHG) into the zero-diffraction order that is suppressed for SHG obtained from GaAs metasurfaces with (100) orientation. © 2019 The Author(s)
Comparative study of the behaviour of a novel injectable bioceramic in sheep vertebrae (2008)

Biomaterials used for vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) have previously mainly been based on conventional bone cement, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). New alternative materials based on bio-ceramics, e.g. calcium aluminate cements (CAC), are under development. In this in vivo study the biocompatibility and degree of integration/healing was compared between bone and three different cements used for VCFs; Xeraspine™ (a calcium aluminate-based cement), Cortoss™ (a bisphenol-a-glycidyl dimethacrylate based material) and conventional bone cement, Vertebroplastic™ (PMMA) in sheep vertebrae. In addition to an attempt to localize histologically depositions of aluminium aluminium in serum and in selected organs was quantified. Also, histopathological evaluation was conducted to determine the immunological response in the vertebrae caused by the different materials. It was found that Xeraspine was well accepted by the sheep vertebrae and the results were comparable to those of the other cements studied.
Das Ehrenamt im Jugendverband: historisches Relikt oder unverzichtbarer Bestandteil? (1991)

"Die Arbeit an der Jugendpflege ist in der Regel ehrenamtlich". Das war in knappen, preußischen Worten das Wesentliche zur Mitarbeiterfrage in den Grundsätzen und Ratschlägen zur Ausgestaltung der Jugendpflege im Jugendpflegeerlass von 1911. Was hier wie eine Mischung aus nüchterner Bestandsaufnahme und nur flüchtig kaschiertem Befehlston klingt, hat bis heute seine Unentschiedenheit und Zweideutigkeit nicht verloren. Ist denn nun das "Modell Ehrenamtlichkeit", so lässt sich zugespitzt fragen, ein wesentliches, zentrales und gewolltes Merkmal der Jugendverbände, also ein strukturelles Element, das auch bei einer finanziell und personell ungleich besser ausgestatteten Jugendverbandsarbeit seinen unbedingten Stellenwert behalten würde? Oder ist das Konzept der ehrenamtlichen Mitarbeit ein allein noch bedarfsbezogener pragmatischer Bestandteil der Jugendverbände unter gegebenen finanziellen Bedingungen, der historisch durchaus plausibel und in der Vergangenheit auch angemessen war, inzwischen aber seinen festen Boden unter den Füßen zu verlieren droht? Die diagnostischen Befunde lassen noch keine eindeutigen Antworten zu, unübersehbar ist aber der kritische Zustand. Allein dieser Tatbestand nötigt zu einer grundlegenden Bestandsaufnahme zum Ehrenamt als Basis der Jugendverbandsarbeit. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Jugendverbände von den zu konstatierenden allgemeinen Erosionserscheinungen des traditionellen Ehrenamtes verschont bleiben können, oder ob sie - auch sich selbst gegenüber nicht doch sehr viel grundsätzlicher als bisher Rechenschaft ablegen müssen über die Schubkraft des "Modells Ehrenamtlichkeit" als Motor und Basis ihrer Arbeit, einer Jugend(verbands)arbeit, die auch noch in Zukunft attraktiv und konkurrenzfähig bleiben will. (ICD2)
Analysis of free breathing motion using artifact reduced 4D CT image data (2007)

The mobility of lung tumors during the respiratory cycle is a source of error in radiotherapy treatment planning. Spatiotemporal CT data sets can be used for studying the motion of lung tumors and inner organs during the breathing cycle. We present methods for the analysis of respiratory motion using 4D CT data in high temporal resolution. An optical flow based reconstruction method was used to generate artifact-reduced 4D CT data sets of lung cancer patients. The reconstructed 4D CT data sets were segmented and the respiratory motion of tumors and inner organs was analyzed. A non-linear registration algorithm is used to calculate the velocity field between consecutive time frames of the 4D data. The resulting velocity field is used to analyze trajectories of landmarks and surface points. By this technique, the maximum displacement of any surface point is calculated, and regions with large respiratory motion are marked. To describe the tumor mobility the motion of the lung tumor center in three orthogonal directions is displayed. Estimated 3D appearance probabilities visualize the movement of the tumor during the respiratory cycle in one static image. Furthermore, correlations between trajectories of the skin surface and the trajectory of the tumor center are determined and skin regions are identified which are suitable for prediction of the internal tumor motion. The results of the motion analysis indicate that the described methods are suitable to gain insight into the spatiotemporal behavior of anatomical and pathological structures during the respiratory cycle.
The Effect of a T Cell-Specific NF-κB Inhibitor on In Vitro Cytokine Production and Collagen-Induced Arthritis (2000)

NF-kappa B plays a key role in the production of cytokines in inflammatory diseases. The effects of a novel T cell-specific NF-kappa B inhibitor, SP100030, were evaluated in cultured Jurkat cells and in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Chemical libraries were screened for NF-kappa B-inhibitory activity. SP100030, a compound identified in this process, inhibited NF-kappa B activation in PMA/PHA-activated Jurkat cells by EMSA at a concentration of 1 microM. Jurkat cells and the monocytic cell line THP-1 were transfected with an NF-kappa B promotor/luciferase construct and activated. SP100030 inhibited luciferase production in the Jurkat cells (IC50 = 30 nM). ELISA and RT-PCR confirmed that IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-alpha production by activated Jurkat and other T cell lines were inhibited by SP100030. However, cytokine expression was not blocked by the compound in THP-1 cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, or epithelial cells. Subsequently, DBA/1J mice were immunized with type II collagen. Treatment with SP100030 (10 mg/kg/day i.p. beginning on day 21) significantly decreased arthritis severity from onset of clinical signs to the end of the study on day 34 (arthritis score, 5.6 +/- 1.7 for SP100030 and 9.8 +/- 1.5 for control; p < 0.001). Histologic evaluation demonstrated a trend toward improvement in SP100030-treated animals. EMSA of arthritic mouse ankles in CIA showed that synovial NF-kappa B binding was suppressed in the SP100030-treated mice. SP100030 inhibits NF-kappa B activation in T cells, resulting in reduced NF-kappa B-regulated gene expression and decreased CIA. Its selectivity for T cells could provide potent immunosuppression with less toxicity than other NF-kappa B inhibitors.
Towards provenance and risk-awareness in social computing (2012)

Although social computing (SC) has been growing phenomenally, it still lacks an appropriate way of protecting the security and privacy of data shared in the system. Current access control mechanisms in the domain of SC mainly rely on pre-defined access control policies to achieve authorization statically, which are intrinsically unsuitable for capturing the dynamic changes in social environment. In this paper, we explore the approach towards a more flexible and adaptive control through the incorporation of risk awareness in SC. In particular, risk values are associated with users and objects; meanwhile, risk thresholds are defined for each of the permissions. Risk values and risk thresholds can be derived from provenance data in a timely manner. Such dynamic computation can be enabled and facilitated with the incorporation of provenance awareness in SC systems.