gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth limits of luminescent solar concentrators as detectors in free-space optical communication systems (2021)

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have recently emerged as a promising receiver technology in free-space optical communications due to their inherent ability to collect light from a wide field-of-view and concentrate it into small areas, thus leading to high optical gains. Several high-speed communication systems integrating LSCs in their detector blocks have already been demonstrated, with the majority of efforts so far being devoted to maximising the received optical power and the system's field-of-view. However, LSCs may pose a severe bottleneck on the bandwidth of such communication channels due to the comparably slow timescale of the fluorescence events involved, a situation further aggravated by the inherent reabsorption in these systems, and yet, an in-depth study into such dynamic effects remains absent in the field. To fill this gap, we have developed a comprehensive analytical solution that delineates the fundamental bandwidth limits of LSCs as optical detectors in arbitrary free-space optical links, and establishes their equivalence with simple RC low-pass electrical circuits. Furthermore, we demonstrate a time-domain Monte Carlo simulation platform, an indispensable tool in the multiparameter optimisation of LSC-based receiver systems. Our work offers vital insight into LSC system dynamic behaviour and paves the way to evaluate the technology for a wide range of applications, including visible light communications, high-speed video recording, and real-time biological imaging, to name a few.
Short-term Outcomes With Small Intestinal Submucosa for Ventral Abdominal Hernia (2005)

Eight-ply SIS mesh is safe in clean and clean-contaminated hernia repair with satisfactory short-term outcomes. However, delayed wound infection, repeated operation, and mesh debridement warrant cautious use of SIS mesh in critically ill patients and those with dirty wounds.
Multi-echo single-shot EPI for hyperpolarized 13C cardiac metabolic imaging of small animals (2013)

Background Cardiac metabolic imaging based on hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate shows great potential for assessing the metabolic changes that the heart undergoes during ischemia [1]. Rodent animal models offer unique opportunities to study ischemic processes, however, methods based on spectral-spatial excitation [2] of the individual metabolites is challenging due to the large minimal slice thickness that can be achieved with available gradient systems. A thick slice introduces both signal dephasing over the slice and errors due to partial volume effects. In this work, we explore multi-echo measurements using single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) readouts for thin slice dynamic cardiac metabolic imaging of small animals.
Biallelic TET2 mutations confer sensitivity to 5′-azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia (2022)

Precision medicine can significantly improve outcomes for patients with cancer, but implementation requires comprehensive characterization of tumor cells to identify therapeutically exploitable vulnerabilities. Here, we describe somatic biallelic TET2 mutations in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that was chemoresistant to anthracycline and cytarabine but acutely sensitive to 5'-azacitidine (5'-Aza) hypomethylating monotherapy, resulting in long-term morphological remission. Given the role of TET2 as a regulator of genomic methylation, we hypothesized that mutant TET2 allele dosage affects response to 5'-Aza. Using an isogenic cell model system and an orthotopic mouse xenograft, we demonstrate that biallelic TET2 mutations confer sensitivity to 5'-Aza compared with cells with monoallelic mutations. Our data argue in favor of using hypomethylating agents for chemoresistant disease or as first-line therapy in patients with biallelic TET2-mutated AML and demonstrate the importance of considering mutant allele dosage in the implementation of precision medicine for patients with cancer.
Comparative evaluation of cerebral gliomas using rCBV measurements during sequential acquisition of T1-perfusion and T2*-perfusion MRI (2019)

In the current study, T1- and T2*-perfusion showed similar diagnostic performance for discrimination of grade III and grade IV gliomas; however, T1-perfusion was found to be better for the evaluation of tumors with intratumoral hemorrhage, postoperative recurrent tumors, and lesions near skull base. We conclude that T1-perfusion MRI with a single dose of contrast could be used as an alternative to T2*-perfusion to overcome the issues associated with this technique in brain tumors for reliable perfusion quantification.
BACKGROUND CHECKS FOR CARGO (2002)

SUBTITLE: JUST HOW FAR SHOULD SECURITY CHECKS GO FOR THOSE WITH ACCESS TO CARGO IN SECURE PLACES?
Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Image Representation (2011)

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular technique for finding parts-based, linear representations of nonnegative data. It has been successfully applied in a wide range of applications such as pattern recognition, information retrieval, and computer vision. However, NMF is essentially an unsupervised method and cannot make use of label information. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised matrix decomposition method, called Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (CNMF), which incorporates the label information as additional constraints. Specifically, we show how explicitly combining label information improves the discriminating power of the resulting matrix decomposition. We explore the proposed CNMF method with two cost function formulations and provide the corresponding update solutions for the optimization problems. Empirical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel algorithm in comparison to the state-of-the-art approaches through a set of evaluations based on real-world applications.
Identification of NSP3 (SH2D3C) as a Prognostic Biomarker of Tumor Progression and Immune Evasion for Lung Cancer and Evaluation of Organosulfur Compounds from Allium sativum L. as Therapeutic Candidates (2021)

The novel SH2-containing protein 3 (<i>NSP3</i>) is an oncogenic molecule that has been concomitantly associated with T cell trafficking. However, its oncological role in lung cancer and whether it plays a role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment is not properly understood. In the present in silico study, we demonstrated that <i>NSP3 (SH2D3C)</i> is associated with advanced stage and poor prognoses of lung cancer cohorts. Genetic alterations of <i>NSP3 (SH2D3C</i>) co-occurred inversely with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) alterations and elicited its pathological role via modulation of various components of the immune and inflammatory pathways in lung cancer. Our correlation analysis suggested that <i>NSP3 (SH2D3C)</i> promotes tumor immune evasion via dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes and T-cell exclusion mechanisms in lung cancer patients. <i>NSP3 (SH2D3C)</i> demonstrated a high predictive value and association with therapy resistance in lung cancer, hence serving as an attractive target for therapy exploration. We evaluated the in silico drug-likeness and <i>NSP3 (SH2D3C)</i> target efficacy of six organosulfur small molecules from <i>Allium sativum</i> using a molecular docking study. We found that the six organosulfur compounds demonstrated selective cytotoxic potential against cancer cell lines and good predictions for ADMET properties, drug-likeness, and safety profile. E-ajoene, alliin, diallyl sulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, allicin, and S-allyl-cysteine docked well into the <i>NSP3 (SH2D3C)</i>-binding cavity with binding affinities ranging from −3.5~−6.70 Ă and random forest (RF) scores ranging from 4.31~5.26 pKd. In conclusion, our study revealed that <i>NSP3</i> is an important onco-immunological biomarker encompassing the tumor microenvironment, disease staging and prognosis in lung cancer and could serve as an attractive target for cancer therapy. The organosulfur compounds from <i>A. sativum</i> have molecular properties to efficiently interact with the binding site of <i>NSP3</i> and are currently under vigorous preclinical study in our laboratory.
Production of single-stranded DNA for sequencing: an alternative approach. (1992)

We describe a simple procedure for the direct sequencing of single-stranded, PCR-amplified, target regions of human genomic DNA. At variance with previously reported procedures, purification of the desired double-stranded DNA was introduced. This additional step allowed the single-stranded amplification and sequencing of the target gene. This step is required for direct sequencing of some amplified regions of human genomic DNA. However, no individual technique seems suitable to generate and sequence all single-stranded DNA.
Decreased levels of elafin in the lungs of patients with acute lung injury as a result of proteolytic cleavage by the proteasome (2012)

Unregulated protease activity may drive dysregulated pulmonary inflammation implicated in acute lung injury (ALI). Elafin is a potent serine protease inhibitor produced locally in the lung by epithelial and inflammatory cells with anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we assessed the temporal changes in elafin concentration in patients with ALI and evaluated whether a decrease in elafin levels are due to proteolytic degradation. Patients with ALI within 48 hours of onset of ALI (n=37), day 3 (n=19) and day 7 (n=9) as well as healthy volunteers underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Elafin was measured by ELISA. To determine whether elafin was susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, western blot analysis of recombinant elafin incubated with BAL fluid ± protease inhibitors was carried out. Elafin was significantly increased at the onset of ALI compared to healthy volunteers (39±5 ng/ml vs 0.5±0.1 ng/ml; p
Does a Multi-Entry, Multi-Stage Fracturing Sleeve System Improve Production in Bakken Shale Wells Over Other Completion Methods? (2014)

Abstract Shale and unconventional reservoir wells require multiple completion options be available so that the best one can be selected to maximize the stimulation influence potential, enable efficient operations, and increase production potential. Shale and unconventional reservoir continuous resource wells are typically drilled horizontally with the completion system run in the lateral section of the wellbore. The completion design must enable the hydraulic fracturing of multiple discreet treatment zones in the target interval to help ensure economical production. Traditionally, unconventional reservoir wells have been completed using a plug and perforate methodology. This completion uses wireline intervention to set composite fracturing plugs for stage isolation and to perforate individual stages. Due to inefficiencies with this type of completion design, single entry fracturing sleeve systems (SE FSS) completions have gained acceptance. SE FSS offer a single entry point per stage and remove the need for wireline intervention thereby increasing completion efficiency. Recently, multi-entry fracturing sleeve systems (ME FSS) completions have been deployed in unconventional reservoir stimulation operations. ME FSS completions also do not require wireline intervention, and allow for multiple entry points per stage to be simultaneously stimulated. Even though it is optimal for unconventional reservoir development to have several completion alternatives, evaluation of the best method can be challenging. This paper will evaluate the three dominant and currently applied completion methods by comparing wells in the Middle Bakken continuous resource play which have utilized all identified systems. The paper will discuss each of the three completion methods (Plug-and-Perforate, SE FSS, ME FSS), the completion design, and fracturing operations that are executed. The paper will then illustrate production results from using all three of the completion methods. This data will be drawn from similar well designs for comparison purposes. Assessment of viability and production efficiency of ME FSS completions against other completion methods is the primary focus. Results will be presented based on production outputs obtained after a qualified 180 day period. Conclusions will also highlight the potential efficiency gains of a ME FSS completion versus traditional methods.
Resolving Agents and Resolutions in Organic Chemistry (1971)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Optical Activation and Types of Resolutions Resolution via Diastereomer Formation Kinetic Resolutions Resolution via Molecular Complexes, Metal Complexes, and Inclusion Miscellaneous Resolution Methods Resolving Agents Sources of Resolving Agents
Comment to "Comment on 'Compositional and Microchemical Evidence of\n Piezonuclear Fission Reactions in Rock Specimens Subjected to Compression\n Tests' [Strain 47 (Suppl. 2), 282 (2011)]" by G. Amato et al (2012)

It is shown that the evidence asserted in the Comment [arXiv:1205.6418] on\nthe chemical composition data published by Carpinteri et al. [Strain 47 (Suppl.\n2), 282 (2011)]-that the data "cannot be the result of independent measurements\nas claimed by the authors" -may be not necessarily true. A simpler fact could\nexplain the identical assay values found for some of the chemical components,\nwithout this implying the asserted impossible correlations. The simpler reason\ndoes not invalidate the published numerical data, being related only to\nincorrect notation. On the other hand, it is out the scope of the present\ncomment implying any evaluation about the physical validity of the data or\nabout the conclusions drawn in the original paper.\n
Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey (2015)

Due to global climate change as well as economic concern of network operators, energy consumption of the infrastructure of cellular networks, or “Green Cellular Networking,” has become a popular research topic. While energy saving can be achieved by adopting renewable energy resources or improving design of certain hardware (e.g., power amplifier) to make it more energy-efficient, the cost of purchasing, replacing, and installing new equipment (including manpower, transportation, disruption to normal operation, as well as associated energy and direct cost) is often prohibitive. By comparison, approaches that work on the operating protocols of the system do not require changes to current network architecture, making them far less costly and easier for testing and implementation. In this survey, we first present facts and figures that highlight the importance of green mobile networking and then review existing green cellular networking research with particular focus on techniques that incorporate the concept of the “sleep mode” in base stations. It takes advantage of changing traffic patterns on daily or weekly basis and selectively switches some lightly loaded base stations to low energy consumption modes. As base stations are responsible for the large amount of energy consumed in cellular networks, these approaches have the potential to save a significant amount of energy, as shown in various studies. However, it is noticed that certain simplifying assumptions made in the published papers introduce inaccuracies. This review will discuss these assumptions, particularly, an assumption that ignores the effect of traffic-load-dependent factors on energy consumption. We show here that considering this effect may lead to noticeably lower benefit than in models that ignore this effect. Finally, potential future research directions are discussed.
A Cholecystokinin B Receptor-Specific DNA Aptamer for Targeting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2016)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) constitutively express the G-protein-coupled cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR). In this study, we identified DNA aptamers (APs) that bind to the CCKBR and describe their characterization and targeting efficacy. Using dual SELEX selection against "exposed" CCKBR peptides and CCKBR-expressing PDAC cells, a pool of DNA APs was identified. Further downselection was based on predicted structures and properties, and we selected eight APs for initial characterizations. The APs bound specifically to the CCKBR, and we showed not only that they did not stimulate proliferation of PDAC cell lines but rather inhibited their proliferation. We chose one AP, termed AP1153, for further binding and localization studies. We found that AP1153 did not activate CCKBR signaling pathways, and three-dimensional Confocal microscopy showed that AP1153 was internalized by PDAC cells in a receptor-mediated manner. AP1153 showed a binding affinity of 15 pM. Bioconjugation of AP1153 to the surface of fluorescent NPs greatly facilitated delivery of NPs to PDAC tumors in vivo. The selectivity of this AP-targeted NP delivery system holds promise for enhanced early detection of PDAC lesions as well as improved chemotherapeutic treatments for PDAC patients.
In Situ Gravimetric Monitoring of the GaAs Growth Process in Atomic Layer Epitaxy (1991)

A gravimetric method for in situ monitoring of atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) is proposed and applied to the growth of GaAs by halogen transport ALE. An ALE growth system with an electrobalance is developed as a monitoring system. In the conventional method of measurement the growth rate of ALE is obtained as an average value, but the system can directly monitor the growth rate and the surface coverage in each cycle in actual ALE growth conditions. It is shown that the growth of the monomolecular layer unit occurs in each cycle in halogen transport GaAs ALE, and the gravimetric method makes in situ and real-time monitoring of growth rate possible on a submonolayer scale.
Physiological Predictors of Fatigability in Healthy Adults (2017)

Fatigability is represented by a decline in performance in relation to the frequency, intensity and duration of physical activity. The use of anaerobic threshold (AT) as an index of endurance is well accepted in the literature. In patients with cardiopulmonary disease, ventilatory efficiency is related to exercise capacity, and therefore may have clinical significance as a fatigability measure. However, this has yet to be determined in healthy individuals. PURPOSE: To characterize physiological determinants of the time to fatigue (TTF) during a vigorous bout of treadmill exercise. METHODS: Subjects were 19 healthy participants (13 females, 6 males; age 26.6 ± 9.1 years; BMI 24.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) enrolled in the National Institutes of Nursing Research, Fatigue in Healthy Individuals Protocol. Subjects completed a ramp treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to volitional exhaustion during the initial visit. The anaerobic threshold and two measures of ventilatory efficiency (lowest VE/VCO2 ratio and VE/VCO2 slope to AT) were determined from the CPET. A subsequent visit consisted of a constant work rate test at vigorous-intensity performed to exhaustion in which the TTF represented a measure of performance fatigability. Data are presented as mean ± SD. RESULTS: The TTF was 436.12 ± 175.9 seconds at 240.05 ± 66.48 watts. Subjects achieved an AT of 18.1 ± 4.56 ml/min/kg, lowest VE/VCO2 ratio of 24.72 ± 2.18 and VE/VCO2 slope of 22.49 ± 2.16. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis suggests that both measures of ventilatory efficiency were not significantly correlated to the TTF. The anaerobic threshold was found to be the best predictor of the TTF, with a strong effect size (d= 0.865) suggesting that AT is a reliable predictor of TTF explaining 15% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest that AT remains a better predictor of fatigability compared to measures of ventilatory inefficiency. Further research is needed to determine other objective measures of fatigability. Funding: Intramural Funds from the National Institutes of Nursing Research.
DEEP SEA HATCHET FISHES OF THE GULF OF MEXICO (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Rapid identification of BCR/ABL1‐like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients using a predictive statistical model based on quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction: clinical, prognostic and therapeutic implications (2018)

BCR/ABL1-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a subgroup of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia that occurs within cases without recurrent molecular rearrangements. Gene expression profiling (GEP) can identify these cases but it is expensive and not widely available. Using GEP, we identified 10 genes specifically overexpressed by BCR/ABL1-like ALL cases and used their expression values - assessed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) in 26 BCR/ABL1-like and 26 non-BCR/ABL1-like cases to build a statistical "BCR/ABL1-like predictor", for the identification of BCR/ABL1-like cases. By screening 142 B-lineage ALL patients with the "BCR/ABL1-like predictor", we identified 28/142 BCR/ABL1-like patients (19·7%). Overall, BCR/ABL1-like cases were enriched in JAK/STAT mutations (P < 0·001), IKZF1 deletions (P < 0·001) and rearrangements involving cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinases (P = 0·001), thus corroborating the validity of the prediction. Clinically, the BCR/ABL1-like cases identified by the BCR/ABL1-like predictor achieved a lower rate of complete remission (P = 0·014) and a worse event-free survival (P = 0·0009) compared to non-BCR/ABL1-like ALL. Consistently, primary cells from BCR/ABL1-like cases responded in vitro to ponatinib. We propose a simple tool based on Q-RT-PCR and a statistical model that is capable of easily, quickly and reliably identifying BCR/ABL1-like ALL cases at diagnosis.
Crystal Structure of 3,8-Dibromo-3-(bromomethyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,9-dione—A Sesquiterpene Lactone (2011)

3,8-Dibromo-3-(bromomethyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,9-dione (C15H17Br3O4) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with unit-cell parameters: a = 7.9170(6)Å, b = 10.7305(6)Å, c = 10.4145(8)Å, β = 109.246(9)° and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods, and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R-value of 0.0477 for 2341 observed reflections. The seven-membered ring assumes a twist chair conformation, while the two five-membered rings exhibit envelope conformations. The ring junction A/B is trans fused, while ring junction B/C is cis fused. The characteristic pattern observed in the packing diagram has the appearance of twisted chains of molecules packed together to form layers.
Low-Loss, Extreme Subdiffraction Photon Confinement via Silicon Carbide Localized Surface Phonon Polariton Resonators (2013)

Plasmonics provides great promise for nanophotonic applications. However, the high optical losses inherent in metal-based plasmonic systems have limited progress. Thus, it is critical to identify alternative low-loss materials. One alternative is polar dielectrics that support surface phonon polariton (SPhP) modes, where the confinement of infrared light is aided by optical phonons. Using fabricated 6H-silicon carbide nanopillar antenna arrays, we report on the observation of subdiffraction, localized SPhP resonances. They exhibit a dipolar resonance transverse to the nanopillar axis and a monopolar resonance associated with the longitudinal axis dependent upon the SiC substrate. Both exhibit exceptionally narrow linewidths (7-24 cm(-1)), with quality factors of 40-135, which exceed the theoretical limit of plasmonic systems, with extreme subwavelength confinement of (λ(res)3/V(eff))1/3 = 50-200. Under certain conditions, the modes are Raman-active, enabling their study in the visible spectral range. These observations promise to reinvigorate research in SPhP phenomena and their use for nanophotonic applications.