gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angled Screens and Louvers for Diverting Fish at Power Plants (1978)

Angled screens and louvers have been experimentally evaluated and developed for diverting fish to bypass within cooling water intake structures. Louvers have been shown to be greater than 90% effective in diverting a variety of fish species in both laboratory and prototype studies. Recent studies with angled traveling screens have shown them to be 100% effective in guiding fish to bypasses. Angled screen and fish transportation systems are presently under construction at two large power plants on Lake Ontario.
Strong Near‐Infrared Luminescence in BaSnO3. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effects of supplemental energy source and amount on forage intake and performance by steers and intake and diet digestibility by sheep. (1997)

Two levels of concentrate supplements containing different types of carbohydrates (corn-soybean meal, CSBM; wheat middlings, WM; and soybean hulls, SBH) were evaluated for effects on forage intake and performance in growing steers and total diet digestibility in sheep. In Exp. 1, 63 crossbred yearling cattle (298 and 377 kg initial BW for yr 1 and 2, respectively) were given ad libitum access to chopped bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.]) hay with no supplementation (CONTROL) or with 25 or 50% of projected total TDN intake from CSBM, WM, or SBH. In Exp. 2, digestibilities of organic matter (OMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFD) were determined with sheep fed levels of hay and concentrates similar to those used in the growth trials. Hay intake was 1.99% of BW for steers fed hay alone and averaged 1.93% of BW in steers fed supplements at the low level. At the high level of concentrate supplementation, hay intake was depressed (P < .001) to a similar extent (1.63% of BW) in steers supplemented with CSBM, WM, or SBH. AT the low concentrate level, shrunk ADG was similar (.63 kg/d) among supplements, but at the high concentrate level steers fed SBH had higher (P = .06) shrunk ADG (.95 kg/d) than steers fed CSBM (.76 kg/d). Body condition score (BCS) increased more (P = .06) for CSBM- and SBH- than for WM-supplemented steers. Total tract OMD was lower (P < .001) in sheep fed WM (54.8% for low and 56.9% for high supplementation levels) than in sheep fed CSBM (57.4 and 62.6%) or SBH (57.2 and 62.5%). Total tract NDFD was higher (P < .001) for the SBH (58.9% for low and 63.3% for high levels) diets than for CSBM (54.6 and 51.0%) or WM (54.6 and 51.8%) diets. Supplements containing highly digestible fiber (SBH) produced less negative associative effects than high-starch supplements (CSBM) when fed with bermudagrass hay at the high level (.8 to 1% of BW), but no differences were found at the low feeding level (.4 to .5% of BW).
A fiber-optic pressure microsensor for biomedical applications (2002)

A fiber-optic pressure microsensor with a sensing element only 270/spl times/270/spl times/150 /spl mu/m in size has been developed and applied to actual balloon catheters. The sensing principle is based on the detection of optical reflection intensity changes from a diaphragm located in front of an optical fiber. The sensors have been fabricated using silicon micromaching such as anisotropic etching and direct wafer bonding. For the transmitting source and signal light, a multimode optical fiber 50/125 /spl mu/m (core/clad) in diameter is used. This paper describes the miniaturization of the sensing element through an improved design and the use of thinner silicon wafers, and application of the pressure microsensor to actual balloon catheters 1.5 mm in outer diameter.
Ultrafast optical switching properties of single-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites at 1.55 μm (2002)

Using a pump–probe method with a 150 fs laser at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, we have experimentally demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have an exciton decay time of less than 1 ps and a high third-order polarizability, which is reasonably interpreted as due to their azimuthal symmetry. These experimental results reveal that a SWNT polymer composite may be a candidate material for high-quality subpicosecond all-optical switches.
Characterizing Bidirectional Interactions Between the Intestinal Flora and Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2011)

Our immune system interacts dynamically with our microbial flora. Perturbing this balance can lead to pathological inflammation. Prior animal and clinical studies of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) suggest that variations in gut flora can predispose or protect against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Gut decontamination as GVHD prophylaxis, however, gave mixed results, and our knowledge of the gut microbiota was limited to the 20-30% of species that can be cultured. Novel methodology, including 16s ribosomal DNA sequencing, allows more complete characterization of the gut flora. We thus revisited whether manipulation of gut flora can minimize GVHD. We used a MHC-disparate B10BR→B6 mouse model for allo-HSCT and found that GVHD leads to changes in gut flora, particularly in the distal ileum. Shifts in representation by bacterial families result in a nearly complete takeover by Lactobacillaceae and loss of several families of Firmicutes (Table). These changes are readily reproducible, including with individually-housed mice. This pattern of flora associated with GVHD was distinct from patterns found in control groups: HSCT recipients without GVHD, mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, and mice treated with osmotic laxatives. Potential mechanisms behind this characteristic GVHD-associated flora are continuing to be explored, but thus far do not appear to be due to changes in numbers of Paneth cells, expression of IL22 or the antimicrobial molecule Reg3γ, or luminal levels of IgA. Interestingly, the bacterial density in the ileum, quantified by copies of 16s rDNA, is similar in mice with or without GVHD after HSCT, and is twice that of untreated mice. We then performed experiments evaluating flora manipulation prior to HSCT. We found that ampicillin treatment followed by a 2 week recovery results in complete loss of Lactobacillaceae and expansion of remaining families of Firmicutes (Table). Upon HSCT, these mice developed fulminant GVHD compared to their counterparts who did not receive ampicillin (p < .01). Interestingly, oral gavage with Lactobacillaceae following ampicillin appears to prevent exacerbation of GVHD. Altogether, our results suggest that during GVHD, an increase of Lactobacillaceae in the gut may be a compensatory mechanism to reduce GVHD severity. Moreover, antibiotics prior to HSCT could predispose to GVHD, while the administration of Lactobacillaceae can be explored as GVHD prophylaxis.Table 1Bacterial family representation in ileal contents% Lactobacillaceae% other FirmicutesNormal B6 mice42±326±1HSCT mice without GVHD54±227±2HSCT mice with GVHD95±22±0.5B6 mice after ampicillin and recovery0±0.198±1 Open table in a new tab
Advanced glycated end-products (AGE) during haemodialysis treatment: discrepant results with different methodologies reflecting the heterogeneity of AGE compounds (1999)

High-flux dialysis reduces the plasma concentration of fluorescent AGE compounds, i.e. pentosidine, but the Amadori product fructoselysine is not removed, indicating that this compound is protein associated.
Preparation and Characterization of Trimethylamine-Alane Thin Films on Oxidized Silicon (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Trimethylamine-Alane Thin Films on Oxidized SiliconFiona M. Elms, Robert N. Lamb, Paul J. Pigram, Michael G. Gardiner, Barry J. Wood, and Colin L. RastonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 7, 1059–1066Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00043a030https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00043a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimating expected error rates of random forest classifiers: A comparison of cross-validation and bootstrap (2015)

Statistical learning has recently seen an expansion of applications in different areas of science, finance and industry, as it plays a great role within the fields of statistics, data mining and artificial intelligence. Hence, it intersects with areas of engineering and other disciplines as well. It is used for both regression and classification problems. Solving these problems usually involves building/training a model/classifier and validating its performance for a given task. In this paper we compare two resampling methods for assessment of a random forest classifier: k-fold cross-validation and bootstrap. We use these methods to estimate the generalization error and to create learning curves. Both methods yield similar results on our data. The most important requirement for good generalization error estimates of either method is that the used data sample (i.e. the training dataset) represents the unknown true distribution of the data. This requirement cannot always be met in practice and results of resampling methods have to be interpreted with care if it is violated.
Evaluating Mentorship and Onboarding Through Assessment of Patient Outcomes by Attending Surgeon Seniority Using ACS-NSQIP Data (2017)

Davis, Catherine H. MD, MPH; Kim, Bradford J. MD, MHS; Narula, Nisha MD; Swisher, Stephen G. MD, FACS; Aloia, Thomas A. MD, FACS Author Information
Recombination of the Phase-Variable spnIII Locus Is Independent of All Known Pneumococcal Site-Specific Recombinases (2019)

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is one of the world's leading bacterial pathogens, causing pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. In recent years, it has been shown that genetic rearrangements in a type I restriction-modification system (SpnIII) can impact colony morphology and gene expression. By generating a large panel of mutant strains, we have confirmed a previously reported result that the CreX (also known as IvrR and PsrA) recombinase found within the locus is not essential for <i>hsdS</i> inversions. In addition, mutants of homologous recombination pathways also undergo <i>hsdS</i> inversions. In this work, we have shown that these genetic rearrangements, which result in different patterns of genome methylation, occur across a wide variety of serotypes and sequence types, including two strains (a 19F and a 6B strain) naturally lacking CreX. Our gene expression analysis, by transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq), confirms that the level of <i>creX</i> expression is impacted by these genomic rearrangements. In addition, we have shown that the frequency of <i>hsdS</i> recombination is temperature dependent. Most importantly, we have demonstrated that the other known pneumococcal site-specific recombinases XerD, XerS, and SPD_0921 are not involved in <i>spnIII</i> recombination, suggesting that a currently unknown mechanism is responsible for the recombination of these phase-variable type I systems.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> is a leading cause of pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. The discovery that genetic rearrangements in a type I restriction-modification locus can impact gene regulation and colony morphology led to a new understanding of how this pathogen switches from harmless colonizer to invasive pathogen. These rearrangements, which alter the DNA specificity of the type I restriction-modification enzyme, occur across many different pneumococcal serotypes and sequence types and in the absence of all known pneumococcal site-specific recombinases. This finding suggests that this is a truly global mechanism of pneumococcal gene regulation and the need for further investigation of mechanisms of site-specific recombination.
Wall Slip in Viscous Fluids and Influence of Materials of Construction (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. V. Ramamurthy; Wall Slip in Viscous Fluids and Influence of Materials of Construction. J. Rheol. 1 April 1986; 30 (2): 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549852 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Design of Efficient Viterbi Decoder and Realization by FPGA (2012)

Convolution code is a kind of widely used error-correcting codes in the error control field, in order to solve the Viterbi decoding of higher complex degree and lower speed etc. problem, a kind of efficient and reliable Viterbi decode method has been put forward specially. Firstly, the principle of Viterbi decode has been introduced by detail; Secondly, in order to improve the parallel decoding speed, Viterbi decoding algorithm is improved; And then, according to the improved algorithm to achieve high speed and parallel Viterbi decoding method, which is realized easily by FPGA; Finally, the function simulation and test for (2, 1, 7) convolution code has been carried out. The experimental results show that: when the system clock is 64 MHz, eventually the decoding rate of not less than 16 Mbps, improved Viterbi decoding algorithm has lower complexity, improved Viterbi decoding efficiency.
Precise Positioning for All Is Coming (1996)

Last week the White House announced that signals from the U.S. military's satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) will be broadcast throughout the world free of charge for the foreseeable future—a boon to commercial applications of GPS. But there was also a bonus for researchers: The military will end the practice of degrading the signal available to civilians within 4 to 10 years. Earth scientists measuring such processes as the drift of continents have already found ways to compensate for the fuzzy signal, but the corrections are expensive.
Interaction of ultrasound and model membrane systems: analyses and predictions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of ultrasound and model membrane systems: analyses and predictionsD. B. Tata and F. DunnCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 8, 3548–3555Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100187a067https://doi.org/10.1021/j100187a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterization of United Kingdom Isolates ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisUsing Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (2000)

Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and is responsible for serious economic losses to the sheep and goat industry. Caseous lymphadenitis was first reported for goats in the United Kingdom in 1990 and for sheep in 1991. Recent evidence suggests that the prevalence of the disease within the national flock is increasing. Fifty isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis from the United Kingdom comprising sheep and horse isolates, the original goat outbreak strain, and the type strain were characterized by biotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, production of phospholipase D, and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using SfiI and SmaI. All of the isolates were confirmed as C. pseudotuberculosis, and all produced phospholipase D but none reduced nitrate. Restriction with SfiI generated 16 to 18 bands between 48.5 and 290 kb and differentiated six pulsotypes. We conclude that 80% of the strains tested were epidemiologically related to the outbreak strain and that the equine profile was distinct both phenotypically and genotypically.
Higher-order Lexical Semantic Models for Non-factoid Answer Reranking (2015)

Lexical semantic models provide robust performance for question answering, but, in general, can only capitalize on direct evidence seen during training. For example, monolingual alignment models acquire term alignment probabilities from semi-structured data such as question-answer pairs; neural network language models learn term embeddings from unstructured text. All this knowledge is then used to estimate the semantic similarity between question and answer candidates. We introduce a higher-order formalism that allows all these lexical semantic models to chain direct evidence to construct indirect associations between question and answer texts, by casting the task as the traversal of graphs that encode direct term associations. Using a corpus of 10,000 questions from Yahoo! Answers, we experimentally demonstrate that higher-order methods are broadly applicable to alignment and language models, across both word and syntactic representations. We show that an important criterion for success is controlling for the semantic drift that accumulates during graph traversal. All in all, the proposed higher-order approach improves five out of the six lexical semantic models investigated, with relative gains of up to +13% over their first-order variants.
Prodrugs of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Related Peptides as Central Nervous System Agents (2009)

Prodrug design for brain delivery of small- and medium-sized neuropeptides was reviewed, focusing on thyrotropin-releasing hormone and structurally related peptides as examples. We have summarized our most important advances in methodology, as well as assessed the benefits and limitations of bioreversible chemical manipulation techniques to achieve targeting of the parent molecules into the central nervous system. The value of prodrug-amenable analogues as potential drug-like central nervous systems agents was highlighted.
Distribution of a murine protein tyrosine phosphatase BL-β-galactosidase fusion protein suggests a role in neurite outgrowth (1998)

We have generated a gene trap insertion into the protein tyrosine phosphatase-BL (PTP-BL) locus, which produces a fusion of the N-terminal half of PTP-BL with beta-galactosidase. During development, beta-galactosidase activity was seen in all epithelial cells: strong staining was observed in the stomach and kidney epithelium, the ependymal layer of the central nervous system, and the surface ectoderm. Particularly prominent beta-galactosidase activity was seen in the peripheral nervous system, which correlated with neurite outgrowth. In epithelial cells, staining was seen in the apical portion of the cells. In nerves, beta-galactosidase activity was associated with growth cones as well as with Schwann cells. This suggests that the amino-terminal portion of PTP-BL contains sequences sufficient to target the fusion protein to specific subcellular compartments. In situ hybridization with a PTP-BL probe demonstrated that all tissues in which beta-galactosidase activity was seen were genuine sites of expression of the PTP-BL gene, although differences in the stability of the PTP-BL protein and the PTP-BL-beta-galactosidase fusion protein may exist. The distribution of beta-galactosidase activity in the peripheral nervous system, together with the structure of the wild-type protein, suggests that this phosphatase may have a role in regulation of the cytoskeleton during the development of the peripheral nervous system.
Nanoparticle Encapsulation of Synergistic Immune Agonists Enables Systemic Codelivery to Tumor Sites and IFNβ-Driven Antitumor Immunity (2019)

Effective cancer immunotherapy depends on the robust activation of tumor-specific antigen-presenting cells (APC). Immune agonists encapsulated within nanoparticles (NP) can be delivered to tumor sites to generate powerful antitumor immune responses with minimal off-target dissemination. Systemic delivery enables widespread access to the microvasculature and draining to the APC-rich perivasculature. We developed an immuno-nanoparticle (immuno-NP) coloaded with cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes pathway, and monophosphoryl lipid A, and a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, which synergize to produce high levels of type I IFNβ. Using a murine model of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, systemic delivery of these immuno-NPs resulted in significant therapeutic outcomes due to extensive upregulation of APCs and natural killer cells in the blood and tumor compared with control treatments. These results indicate that NPs can facilitate systemic delivery of multiple immune-potentiating cargoes for effective APC-driven local and systemic antitumor immunity. SIGNIFICANCE: Systemic administration of an immuno-nanoparticle in a murine breast tumor model drives a robust tumor site-specific APC response by delivering two synergistic immune-potentiating molecules, highlighting the potential of nanoparticles for immunotherapy.
Electro-sorption of ammonium by a modified membrane capacitive deionization unit (2017)

A modified membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) unit with additional flow channels in the anode and cathode chambers was used to study the performance of ammonium ion removal. The influences of operating parameters including initial ammonium concentration, flow rate and applied potential and the effect of flow in the anode and cathode chambers were investigated. Flow through the anode and cathode chambers significantly enhanced the electro-sorption efficiency. The electro-sorption of ammonium at 5 mL/min was about 65% greater than without flow.