gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ExaminingCf-ranking Methods for Text Structuring and Pronominalization in Korean (2006)

Centering Theory assumes that entities realized in an utterance can be ranked according to their relative salience degree. This ranking called Cf-ranking (ranking of forward-looking centers) determines the likelihood that the entities realized in an utterance will be the center of the subsequent utterance, and it is one of the central issues in Centering literatures. This paper deals with these Cf-ranking issues in Korean at the level of text structuring and pronominalization for coherent text generation. For text structuring, we compare several Cf-ranking methods by examining various Centering-based metrics to evaluate local coherence of text, and for pronominalization, we compare them by examining previous rules for Centering-based pronoun generation rules and our pronominalization model. In almost all previous works, surface word order was not solely employed for Cf-ranking, instead it was additionally considered to supplement the main ranking scheme based on the fact that linear order does not perform well alone. However, this study shows that due to the characteristics of the Korean language, ranking by surface word order is better than any other ranking method in most Centering-based Metrics which depend on Cf-ranking, and it is also reliable in terms of pronominalization accuracy. Additionally we found that based on the Cf-ranking by surface word order, it is the most effective way for text structuring to maximize simply the number of utterance pairs whose first realized nominal entity in adjacent utterances is identical.
The Los Alamos Fourier-transform spectrometer: Applications to molecular spectroscopy (1989)

We outline design considerations and operating characteristics of the Los Alamos Fourier-transform spectrometer, a state-of-the-art instrument operating from 200 nm to 20 ..mu..m with a resolution of 0.0026 cm/sup /minus/1/ and very high wave number and intensity accuracy. Recent work in molecular spectroscopy carried out with this instrument will be discussed, including N/sub 2//sup +/ spectra obtained in inductively-coupled plasmas; high-temperature spectra of diatomic molecules of astrophysical interest; high-resolution rovibrational fine structure; and Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy of species in expansion-cooled gases. 8 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.
Diastereoselective total syntheses of (±)-triptoquinone B and C (1993)

The first and efficient total syntheses of (±)-triptoquinone B 1 and C 2 have been achieved from the allyl ether 3; the key steps are the construction of the four contiguous stereogenic centres present in 2 by the MnIII mediated oxidative free radical cyclisation followed by metal hydride reduction.
The Extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) by Dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate from Aqueous Nitrate Media (1981)

Abstract The extraction behavior of Th(IV) and U(VI) from nitrate media was studied using relatively pure dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP). The data were compared with analogous measurements obtained with dibutyl butylphosphonate (DB[BP]). It was found that the extractant dependency is second power for U(VI) with both DHDECMP and DB[BP]. However, the extractant dependency for Th(IV) is third power for DB[BP] but varied from 2.5 to 2.0 power for DHDECMP depending on the total nitrate concentration. The Kd data do not support the theory that DHDECMP is an effective chelating agent for actinide ions. Significant differences between DHDECMP and DB[BP] do appear in the extraction behavior of Th(IV) from 1 to 5 M HNO3. These differences are explained by the ability of DHDECMP to buffer itself against the effects of HNO3 by protonation of the amide group.
PORTOPULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THE LIVER TRANSPLANT CANDIDATE (1999)

The management of the liver transplant (OLT) candidate with portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) has dramatically changed in the past 3 years. Careful preoperative evaluation with functional characterization of right ventricular function plays a critical role. The pulmonary vascular response to epoprostenol infusion serves as a deciding factor for OLT candidacy. Careful perioperative attention to avoid right ventricular failure from acutely elevated pulmonary artery pressures or sudden increases in right ventricular preload is a key physiologic tenet of management. With increased surgical expertise, anesthetic sophistication, and availability of epoprostenol, PPHTN is no longer considered an absolute contraindication for OLT.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphiles for Mammalian Cell Transfection and Antimicrobial Activity (2016)

Amphiphiles are molecules that contain both water-soluble and water-insoluble components. The dual nature of these molecules engenders remarkable properties including the ability to self-assemble into ordered structures. Cell membranes are composed of amphiphilic phospholipids that organize into a bilayer motif. Synthetic amphiphiles can interact with natural membranes and influence the transport of molecules across the cell membrane. The work elaborated in this report employs amphiphiles to co-assemble with DNA and transport the genetic material across cell membranes. First, a simplified method for interacting DNA with amphiphiles was developed. Second, a series of known ion-transporting compounds were assayed for their interaction with DNA. Finally, a new class of DNA-binding molecules was designed and characterized. The findings have application in biological research and potentially in gene therapy to cure disease. In addition, some of the molecules designed in this study were found to have antimicrobial properties. These compounds were shown to reverse antimicrobial resistance when co-administered with another antibiotic. Mechanistic studies suggest that the compounds are membrane-active, which implies a more general strategy for combating antibiotic resistance. Together, this work represents a structure-based approach to the understanding of how amphiphilic small molecules interact within biologically relevant systems.
The Constituents from the Stems of Annona cherimola (1997)

Abstract Thirty‐five compounds including twenty‐one alkaloids, lysicamine ( 1 ), liriodenine ( 2 ), atherospermidine ( 3 ), oxoxylopine ( 4 ), oxoanolobine ( 5 ), oxoglaucine ( 6 ), (‐)‐anonaine ( 7 ), (‐)‐asimilobine ( 8 ), (‐)‐xylopine ( 9 ), (‐)‐anolobine ( 10 ), (‐)‐norisocorydine ( 11 ), (+)‐laurotetanine ( 12 ), (+)‐isocorydine ( 13 ), (‐)‐ N ‐methylasimilobine ( 14 ), (+)‐ N ‐methyllaurotetanine ( 15 ), (‐)‐norushinsunine ( 16 ), (‐)‐ushinsunine ( 17 ), (‐)‐ N ‐formylanonaine ( 18 ), (+)‐stepharine ( 19 ), (+)‐orentaline ( 20 ), and (‐)‐kikemanine ( 21 ); four kauranes, ent ‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid ( 22 ), 16β‐hydroxy‐17‐acetoxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐al ( 23 ), 17‐acetoxy‐16β‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐oic acid ( 24 ), and 16β‐hydroxy‐17‐acetoxy‐ ent ‐kauran‐19‐oic acid ( 25 ); two amides, N‐trans ‐femloyltyramine ( 26 ), and N‐trans ‐caffeoyltyramine ( 27 ); one purine, adenosine ( 28 ); one lactam amide, squamolone ( 29 ); and six steroids, β‐sitosterol ( 30 ), stigmasterol ( 31 ), β‐sitostenone ( 32 ), stigmasta‐4,22‐dien‐3‐one ( 33 ), 6β‐hydroxy‐β‐sitosterone ( 34 ), and 6β‐hydroxystigmasterone ( 35 ) are isolated from the stems of Annona cherimola. These compounds were characterized and identified by physical and spectral evidence. Among them, (‐)‐norisocorydine (11) was elucidated as a new enantiomer with a levorotary configuration, which is isolated for the first time.
Mechanical Deformation and Glycosaminoglycan Content Changes in a Rabbit Annular Puncture Disc Degeneration Model (2011)

Noninvasive and quantitative MRI techniques can be used to evaluate the mechanical and biochemical changes that occur with animal models of disc degeneration. DENSE-FSE, dGEMRIC, and similar techniques have potential for evaluating the progression of disc degeneration and the efficacy of treatments.
Bioadhesive patch as a parenchymal sparing treatment of acute traumatic pulmonary air leaks (2023)

Pectin patches effectively sealed the lung following injury and were noninferior when compared with wedge resection for the management of acute traumatic air leaks. Pectin patches may offer a parenchymal sparing option for managing such injuries, although studies evaluating biodurability are needed.
Effects of diet hulless barley and beta-glucanase levels on ileal digesta soluble beta-glucan molecular weight and carbohydrate fermentation in laying hens (2022)

Exogenous β-glucanase (BGase) improves nutrient digestibility and production performance in laying hens fed barley-based diets, but the effect of enzyme and the dosage on β-glucan depolymerization and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract is poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of hulless barley (HB) and BGase levels on digestive tract β-glucan depolymerization and fermentation in laying hens. A total of 108 Lohman-LSL Lite hens were housed in cages and fed 2 levels of HB (CDC Fibar; 0 and 73%) by substituting wheat in the diet and graded levels of BGase (Econase GT 200 P from ABVista; 0, 0.01 and 0.1% - 0, 20,000, and 200,000 BU/kg) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Birds were fed experimental diets for 8 weeks, starting at 35 wk of age. Digestive tract samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Beta-glucan peak molecular weight was lower with the 0.1 compared to both 0 and 0.01% BGase levels, whereas weight average molecular weight was lower with the 0.1 compared to 0% BGase for 73% HB. The maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10% β-glucan molecules decreased with the increasing BGase. Overall, β-glucan molecular weight in the ileum was higher when the birds were given 73 in comparison to 0% HB diets. Total and major short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the ileum were lower with 0.1 and 0.01 (except propionic acid) compared to 0% BGase in the birds fed 73% HB, but not 0% HB. Interactions between the main effects were found for the cecal acetic and isobutyric acids. In conclusion, exogenous BGase depolymerized high molecular weight β-glucan in HB and wheat. The effects of HB and BGase on carbohydrate fermentation were not apparent, although it appears ileal SCFA concentrations were lower with increasing levels of BGase.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide: an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (1975)

The addition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCIIR LPS to respiring mitochondria stimulated the rate of substrate oxidation, reduced the respiratory control ratio, stimulated oxygen uptake in state 4, and released the inhibition imposed upon state 3 by atractyloside. It was concluded that LPS acted as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and that it produced effects similar to those observed with the classical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Robots can't really be intelligent can they? (2002)

The whole concept of just what is and what is not, intelligence is a vitally important one. As humans interact more with machines, so the similarities and differences between human and machine intelligence need to be looked at in a sensible, scientific way. This paper considers human and machine intelligence and links them closely to physical characteristics, as exhibited by robots. Potential interfaces between humans and machines are also considered, as is the state of the art in direct physical links between humans and machines.
Mast Cells as a Target of Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment (2002)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its exact cause and pathophysiological process remain unclear. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes are considered to be the major contributors in the pathophysiological process of RA; however, an increasing number of papers have drawn attention to the potential role of mast cells (MCs) in the process. In an animal model of RA, we reported an increase in MC numbers in the arthritic region, which agreed with the observation in human RA. In addition, a good correlation between the number of MCs and the development of disease was observed. However, there has been little experimental or clinical evidence of the beneficial effects of the modification of MC activity on the pathogenesis of RA and this is the weak point of the hypothesis. We therefore studied the effects of a MC-stabilizing compound, cromoglicate lisetil (CL), which is an orally deliverable prodrug of cromolyn sodium, on the RA disease model. The MC-stabilizer had efficacy in a mouse model. The beneficial effects of CL in this animal model further suggested the contribution of MCs in the pathophysiological process of RA. Concerning the contributive mechanism of MC on the pathogenesis of RA, our results using a disease model suggested that activation of MC chymase and matrix metalloproteinases might be involved. MC is now considered to be one of the targets of RA treatment.
Optimum semiconductors for high-power electronics (1989)

Elemental and compound semiconductors, including wide-bandgap semiconductors, are critically examined for high-power electronic applications in terms of several parameters. On the basis of an analysis applicable to a wide range of semiconducting materials and by using the available measured physical parameters, it is shown that wide-bandgap semiconductors such as SiC and diamond could offer significant advantages compared to either silicon or group III-V compound semiconductors for these applications. The analysis uses peak electric field strength at avalanche breakdown as a critical material parameter for evaluating the quality of a semiconducting material for high-power electronics. Theoretical calculations show improvement by orders of magnitude in the on-resistance, twentyfold improvement in the maximum frequency of operation, and potential for successful operation at temperatures beyond 600 degrees C for diamond high-power devices. New figures of merit for power-handling capability that emphasize electrical and thermal conductivities of the material are derived and are applied to various semiconducting materials. It is shown that an improvement in power-handling capabilities of semiconductor devices by three orders of magnitude is feasible by replacing silicon with silicon carbide; improvement in power-handling capability by six orders of magnitude is projected for diamond-based devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New lignocellulose pretreatments using cellulose solvents: a review (2012)

Abstract Non‐food lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable bioresource as a collectable, transportable, and storable chemical energy that is far from fully utilized. The goal of biomass pretreatment is to improve the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Many substrate factors, such as substrate accessibility, lignin content, particle size and so on, contribute to its recalcitrance. Cellulose accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes is believed to be the most important substrate characteristic limiting enzymatic hydrolysis. Cellulose solvents effectively break linkages among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and also dissolve highly‐ordered hydrogen bonds in cellulose fibers accompanied with great increases in substrate accessibility. Here the history and recent advances in cellulose solvent‐based biomass pretreatment are reviewed and perspectives provided for addressing remaining challenges. The use of cellulose solvents, new and existing, provides opportunities for emerging biorefineries to produce a few precursors (e.g. monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and lignin) for the production of low‐value biofuels and value‐added biochemicals. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Decision-Making in an Embedded Reasoning System (1989)

The development of reasoning systems that can reason and plan in a continuously changing environment is emerging as an important area of research in Artificial Intelligence. This paper describes some of the features of a Procedural Reasoning System (PRS) that enables it to operate effectively in such environments. The basic system design is first described and it is shown how this architecture supports both goaldirected reasoning and the ability to react rapidly to unanticipated changes in the environment. The decision-making capabilities of the system are then discussed and it is indicated how the system integrates these components in a manner that takes account of the bounds on both resources and knowledge that typify most real-time operations. The system has been applied to handling malfunctions on the space shuttle, threat assessment, and the control of an autonomous robot. 1
Mechanism of Silurian Hydrocarbon Pool Formation in the Tarim Basin (2007)

有在 Tarim 盆的志留纪烃水池的三个形成阶段。在 Tazhong (中央 Tarim ) 和 Tabei (北 Tarim ) 的广泛地分布式的柏油的沙岩区域是形成在的烃水池的破坏的结果第一阶段，并且在 Awati 附近的柏油的沙岩下垂在秒阶段被形成。烃迁居特征在志留纪 paleo 水池由干燥沥青能代表的剩余反映了烃的迁居特征，当在志留纪水库的现在的活动的油与有关时以后阶段(第三阶段) 烃累积。
Alanine‐scanning mutagenesis of the β‐sheet region of phage T4 lysozyme suggests that tertiary context has a dominant effect on β‐sheet formation (2004)

In general, alpha-helical conformations in proteins depend in large part on the amino acid residues within the helix and their proximal interactions. For example, an alanine residue has a high propensity to adopt an alpha-helical conformation, whereas that of a glycine residue is low. The sequence preferences for beta-sheet formation are less obvious. To identify the factors that influence beta-sheet conformation, a series of scanning polyalanine mutations were made within the strands and associated turns of the beta-sheet region in T4 lysozyme. For each construct the stability of the folded protein was reduced substantially, consistent with removal of native packing interactions. However, the crystal structures showed that each of the mutants retained the beta-sheet conformation. These results suggest that the structure of the beta-sheet region of T4 lysozyme is maintained to a substantial extent by tertiary interactions with the surrounding parts of the protein. Such tertiary interactions may be important in determining the structures of beta-sheets in general.
Interferometry using conjugate-wave generation (1980)

Interferometers based on conjugate-wave generation using three- and four-wave mixing are described theoretically. They are shown to be self-referencing and sensitive to small changes in the phase front.
Structured Occlusion Coding for Robust Face Recognition (2015)

Occlusion in face recognition is a common yet challenging problem. While sparse representation based classification (SRC) has been shown promising performance in laboratory conditions (i.e. noiseless or random pixel corrupted), it performs much worse in practical scenarios. In this paper, we consider the practical face recognition problem, where the occlusions are predictable and available for sampling. We propose the structured occlusion coding (SOC) to address occlusion problems. The structured coding here lies in two folds. On one hand, we employ a structured dictionary for recognition. On the other hand, we propose to use the structured sparsity in this formulation. Specifically, SOC simultaneously separates the occlusion and classifies the image. In this way, the problem of recognizing an occluded image is turned into seeking a structured sparse solution on occlusion-appended dictionary. In order to construct a well-performing occlusion dictionary, we propose an occlusion mask estimating technique via locality constrained dictionary (LCD), showing striking improvement in occlusion sample. On a category-specific occlusion dictionary, we replace norm sparsity with the structured sparsity which is shown more robust, further enhancing the robustness of our approach. Moreover, SOC achieves significant improvement in handling large occlusion in real world. Extensive experiments are conducted on public data sets to validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Cell-instructive and stimuli-responsive injectable alginate hydrogels (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
The Irish dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Health Informatics Prediction (HIP) for Osteoporosis Project (2020)

The Irish DXA HIP Project plans to assess current diagnostic classification and risk prediction algorithms for osteoporosis and fractures, identify the risk predictors for osteoporosis and develop novel, accurate and personalised risk prediction tools, by using the large multicentre longitudinal follow-up cohort. Furthermore, the dataset may be used to assess, and possibly support, multimorbidity management due to the large number of variables collected in this project.
Role of T cells in arthritis: Lessons from animal models (1998)

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, with the main manifestation being chronic inflammation in multiple joints. In many patients the arthritis is characterized by exacerbations and remissions. Current theories of the pathogenesis of the chronic arthritis include a sustained immune reaction directed at unknown exogenous agents that localize to the joints or articular autoantigens such as cartilage matrix molecules. In addition, chronicity might be linked to a deranged “tumor like” behaviour of the synovial tissue cells of RA patients, including macrophages and synovial fibroblasts. These cells show an aggressive phenotype and prolonged growth in culture, without an apparent need for further stimuli. It might be argued that the underlying trigger is co-isolated with the cells, still being present in the culture and hence creating a seemingly autonomous activation. In that sense, viruses may be likely candidates.