gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in the treatment of severe infections in hospitalized patients. (1988)

The authors studied 302 hospitalized patients, 164 males and 138 females aged 15-88 years (average 66 years), with severe infections. Cefotetan was administered to 278 of them at the dose of 1 or 2 g, b.i.d. or a single daily dose i.m. Other patients [24] were treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of cefotetan (3 g daily in 5% dextrose). Of these patients 121 were treated for urinary tract infections (UTI); 114 for respiratory tract infections (RTI); 41 for liver biliary duct infections (BDI); 17 for skin or skin structure infections (SKI); 6 for fever of unknown origin and 3 for sepsis. The following Gram-positive organisms [156] were isolated: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus group D; and the following Gram-negative organisms [122]: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia spp., Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overall eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 74% and for Gram-negative organisms it was 88%. The clinical response was satisfactory in 87.7% of patients (specifically, cefotetan was effective in 90% of UTI, 84.2% of RTI, 97.5% of BDI and 82.3% of SKI). The drug was well tolerated and side-effects (such as skin rash, diarrhoea, purpura and pain at the site of injection) occurred in only 4% of patients treated with cefotetan. In conclusion, cefotetan appears to be safe and highly effective for the treatment of severe infections in hospitalized patients.
THE PHLEBOMANOMETER: A NEW APPARATUS FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF VANOUS PRESSURE IN LARGE AND SMALL VEINS (1943)

The importance, clinically as well as experimentally, of quantitative venous pressure determinations is well known. With full realization of the value of venous pressure measurements, they are neglected because the apparatuses are difficult to use, are too bulky to carry as part of the physician's instruments of examination, are applicable only in fairly large veins and are difficult to clean and sterilize for subsequent use. About four years ago, Burch and Sodeman<sup>1</sup>described a simple direct method for measuring venous pressure. The method has proved of value clinically and has been used more and more by others. But it, like other direct methods which employ a column of a fluid as the manometer, has the disadvantage of being difficult to carry, prone to spillage of the fluid in the manometer either during use or when being transported from place to place, hard to use and bulky. In order to
Using In Situ Symbiotic Seed Germination to Restore Over-collected Medicinal Orchids in Southwest China (2017)

Due to increasing demand for medicinal and horticultural uses, the Orchidaceae is in urgent need of innovative and novel propagation techniques that address both market demand and conservation. Traditionally, restoration techniques have been centered on <i>ex situ</i> asymbiotic or symbiotic seed germination techniques that are not cost-effective, have limited genetic potential and often result in low survival rates in the field. Here, we propose a novel <i>in situ</i> advanced restoration-friendly program for the endangered epiphytic orchid species <i>Dendrobium devonianum</i>, in which a series of <i>in situ</i> symbiotic seed germination trials base on conspecific fungal isolates were conducted at two sites in Yunnan Province, China. We found that percentage germination varied among treatments and locations; control treatments (no inoculum) did not germinate at both sites. We found that the optimal treatment, having the highest <i>in situ</i> seed germination rate (0.94-1.44%) with no significant variation among sites, supported a warm, moist and fixed site that allowed for light penetration. When accounting for seed density, percentage germination was highest (2.78-2.35%) at low densities and did not vary among locations for the treatment that supported optimal conditions. Similarly for the same treatment, seed germination ranged from 0.24 to 5.87% among seasons but also did vary among sites. This study reports on the cultivation and restoration of an endangered epiphytic orchid species by <i>in situ</i> symbiotic seed germination and is likely to have broad application to the horticulture and conservation of the Orchidaceae.
Photothermal Effects of Supramolecularly Assembled Gold Nanoparticles for the Targeted Treatment of Cancer Cells (2010)

Lasergesteuerte Nanobombe: Supramolekulare Goldnanopartikel (Au-SNPs) mit vorgegebener Größe wurden aus 2 nm großen Goldkolloiden durch Selbstorganisation hergestellt. Diese Au-SNPs zeigten deutlich stärkere photothermische Effekte und ermöglichten nach dem Einbau zielspezifischer Liganden die selektive Zerstörung von Krebszellen unter Laserbestrahlung (siehe Bild). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electron Emission Properties of Self-Assembling Nanodiamond‒Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings (2019)

The formation of thin-film coatings from detonation nanodiamond (DND) suspensions on atomically ordered conducting Ni–W substrates by self-assembly in an evaporating aqueous solution using the spin coating technique has been investigated. It is shown that, in the absence of a polymer matrix, the DND distribution over the substrate is nonuniform and the adhesion to the substrate is weak, which prevents obtaining a uniform and stable emission current. The use of DND–water-soluble polymer (chitosan and carrageenan polysaccharides, polyacrylic acid, and sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI)) coatings makes it possible to enhance the film adhesion to the substrate and provide a disaggregated state of nanocrystallites. The DND–SPANI coatings have demonstrated the best emission characteristics. Based on the analysis of the emission characteristics, a new model of emission center in the DND–polymer–substrate system has been proposed.
Theoretical Calculation of Substituent Effects on the O−H Bond Strength of Phenolic Antioxidants Related to Vitamin E (1997)

Calculations on phenol and a large number of phenols substituted with methyl, methoxyl, and amino groups have yielded reliable gas-phase O−H bond dissociation energies, BDE(ArO−H)gas. Geometries for the phenol, ArOH, and aryloxyl radical, ArO, were optimized at the (semiempirical) AM1 level followed by single point density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a 6-31G basis set supplemented with p-functions on the hydrogen atom and the B3LYP density functional. This gave BDE(PhO−H)gas = 86.46 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 87.3 ± 1.5 kcal/mol. All but one of the compounds and conformations examined had weaker O−H BDE's than phenol, the exception being o-methoxyphenol with the O−H group pointing toward this substituent (BDE = 87.8 kcal/mol). Where comparison was possible, calculated differences in O−H BDE's were in excellent agreement with experiment (better than 1 kcal/mol). A simple group additivity scheme also gave excellent agreement with calculated BDE (ArO−H)gas values. Some potential new leads to phenolic antioxidants more active than vitamin E have been uncovered.
Effects of brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors on Alzheimer disease progression (2004)

There is evidence that certain components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may have a crucial role in learning and memory processes.1,2⇓ Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is overexpressed in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and caudate nucleus of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).1 In an animal model with AD, brain-distributing ACE inhibitors are reported to rescue neuronal damage and improve behavior.2 Furthermore, we have shown that brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors can reduce the incidence of AD in elderly hypertensive patients.3 In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with brain-penetrating ACE inhibitors3 would slow the rate of cognitive decline in mild-to-moderate AD patients with hypertension.

We performed a randomized, prospective, parallel group trial with 1-year exposure to study medications. Participants were recruited from three long-term care facilities in Sendai, Japan. Patients eligible for this study had a diagnosis of mild to moderate AD,4,5⇓ were aged 65 years and older, had Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores within the range of 13 to 23, showed no evidence of stroke; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or other endocrine disorders, or asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease, and had a blood pressure of higher than 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic. The diagnosis of probable AD was made according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria with no clinical or laboratory evidence of a cause other than AD for dementia.5 Brain MRI was obtained in all participants within 3 months prior to the study enrollment to exclude patients with possible or probable vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative dementias. Patients …
Poly(aspartic acid) superabsorbent polymers as biobased and biodegradable additives for self-sealing of cementitious mortar (2022)

Concrete is currently the most used man-made construction material. Unfortunately it is prone to defects, such as cracks. Crack repair is possible by incorporation of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) which can fill a crack by swelling and promote formation of healing products. However, SAPs are usually acrylate-based and not biodegradable. Present work focuses on development of SAPs based on poly(aspartic acid) (PASP), which is a biobased and biodegradable alternative of acrylate-based polymers. The developed SAP was incorporated in mortar and the effect on the mortar properties was studied. When adding 1 m% SAP, a decrease in strength was observed, similar to commercially available acrylate-based SAPs. The SAPs showed an efficient and immediate sealing effect in cracked mortar, reflected by a reduction in water permeability over 50%. Hence, the developed biobased SAP shows good sealing properties and could be used as a sustainable alternative for acrylic SAPs in concrete repair.
IAP antagonists sensitize murine osteosarcoma cells to killing by TNFα (2016)

Outcomes for patients diagnosed with the bone cancer osteosarcoma have not improved significantly in the last four decades. Only around 60% of patients and about a quarter of those with metastatic disease survive for more than five years. Although DNA-damaging chemotherapy drugs can be effective, they can provoke serious or fatal adverse effects including cardiotoxicity and therapy-related cancers. Better and safer treatments are therefore needed. We investigated the anti-osteosarcoma activity of IAP antagonists (also known as Smac mimetics) using cells from primary and metastatic osteosarcomas that arose spontaneously in mice engineered to lack p53 and Rb expression in osteoblast-derived cells. The IAP antagonists SM-164, GDC-0152 and LCL161, which efficiently target XIAP and cIAPs, sensitized cells from most osteosarcomas to killing by low levels of TNFα but not TRAIL. RIPK1 expression levels and activity correlated with sensitivity. RIPK3 levels varied considerably between tumors and RIPK3 was not required for IAP antagonism to sensitize osteosarcoma cells to TNFα. IAP antagonists, including SM-164, lacked mutagenic activity. These data suggest that drugs targeting XIAP and cIAP1/2 may be effective for osteosarcoma patients whose tumors express abundant RIPK1 and contain high levels of TNFα, and would be unlikely to provoke therapy-induced cancers in osteosarcoma survivors.
The biosynthesis of caerulomycins in Streptomyces caeruleus. Isolation of a new caerulomycin and incorporation of picolinic acid and glycerol into caerulomycin A (1988)

Oxidation with permanganate of caerulomycin A labeled biosynthetically from [U- 14 C]lysine in cultures of Streptomyces caeruleus yielded picolinic acid with the same specific activity as the antibiotic. [ 3 H]Picolinic acid was incorporated into caerulomycin A with high efficiency and the label was also found exclusively in picolinic acid after oxidation, implicating free picolinic acid as an intermediate in the pathway from lysine. The substituted pyridyl ring of caerulomycin was labeled by [2- 13 C, 1,3- 14 C]glycerol. 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis located the 13 C predominantly at C-6, suggesting that C-5, C-6, and C-7 were derived from glycerol as an intact three-carbon precursor. Since no incorporation of [1- 13 C]glyceric acid was detected and [3- 13 C, 3- 14 C]methylglyoxal labeled the antibiotic only marginally, these compounds are probably not biosynthetic intermediates en route from glycerol. A new caerulomycin possessing an aldehyde in place of the aldoxime substituent at C-6 was isolated from culture broths and is postulated to be a late intermediate in the formation of caerulomycin A.
Degrees of Freedom of Spatial Self-Interference Suppression for In-Band\n Full-Duplex with Inter-node Interference (2016)

We study a three-node network with a full-duplex base-station communicating\nwith one uplink and one downlink half-duplex node. In this network, both\nself-interference and inter-node interference are present. We use an\nantenna-theory-based channel model to study the spatial degrees of freedom of\nsuch network, and study if and how much does spatial isolation outperforms\ntime-division (i.e. half-duplex) counterpart. Using degrees of freedom\nanalysis, we show that spatial isolation outperforms time division, unless the\nangular spread of the objects that scatters to the intended users is overlapped\nby the spread of objects that back scatters to the receivers.\n
Foundation Considerations in Siting of Nuclear Facilities in Karst Terrains and Other Areas Susceptible to Ground Collapse. (1981)

About one-third of the continental United States is underlain by rocks that may present potential for ground collapse caused by caverns due to solution processes or mining activity. Four main functional issues concerning the integrity and proper functioning of foundations in areas with this potential are identified. They are: (1) Prediction of areas where there is a potential of ground collapse, (2) detection of cavities in areas where there is a potential for collapse, (3) evaluation of structural hazards posed by cavities, and (4) treatment of cavities to remedy structural problems. This report reviews pertinent current knowledge and practice related to these issues. (Author)
Partitioning and Dynamic Load Balancing for Petascale Applications. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Prehypertension Among Middle-Aged and Elderly People in Taiwan: A Five-Year Follow-Up (2010)

The prevalence of prehypertension among older Taiwanese was 35.8% and the 5-year cumulative incidence of hypertension from prehypertension was 31.3%. Older prehypertensive subjects with higher pulse pressure, higher serum total cholesterol and higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were more likely to become hypertensive within 5 years.
Structure textuelle et communication scientifique (2004)

Cet article s'intéresse à la structure textuelle de l'un des derniers écrits scientifiques systématiquement en français : le résumé de thèse. A partir des régularités observées au niveau de sa macrostructure et d'une analyse linguistique de la position énonciative du locuteur, nous poserons l'hypothèse d'un genre textuel particulièrement intéressant pour le travail terminologique au sens où il offre un cadre de description relativement méthodique de l'avancée des connaissances scientifiques. Notre corpus d'étude se décompose en deux échantillons : le premier, de 4 résumés, issu de l'enquête rouennaise de 1998 qui nous servira en quelque sorte de modèle pour aborder un second échantillon issu de 48 résumés de thèse afin de vérifier nos premières hypothèses descriptives. Nous verrons donc dans un premier temps en quoi le résumé de thèse est un texte original et riche d'un point de vue langagier au regard de l'ensemble de la production scientifique actuelle. Puis, nous étudierons les marqueurs linguistiques témoins de la position discursive du locuteur. Cette approche linguistique descriptive qui poursuit une enquête d'aménagement linguistique (Holzem-Wable 2001) est à prendre comme un préalable indispensable à une approche informatique d'extraction terminologique et d'exploitation des structures définitoires présentes dans les résumés de thèse.
Performance of High Molybdenum Superaustenitic Stainless Steel Welds in Harsh Chloride Environments (1996)

Abstract Superaustenitic steels are normally welded with nickel-based alloys as filler materials. This practice has been subject to discussions regarding suitable fillers, dilution from parent material, unmixed zone, and their influence on corrosion resistance. To clarify the understanding of weld behaviour in superaustenitic stainless steels this paper presents the development history of 6Mo and 7Mo steels, and results of laboratory tests and field tests on welds of UNS S31254 (6Mo) and UNS S32654 (7Mo) in different types of chloride containing environments. The laboratory tests consisted of the well known ferric chloride test (ASTM G 48 Method A). Shielded metal arc welds, gas tungsten arc welds and submerged arc welds in both grades were tested. The critical pitting temperatures were determined and the locations of the attack were noted. Some specimens were sectioned at the position of the attack followed by studies using light optical microscopy. The critical pitting temperatures of the welds in S31254 and S32654 were at normal levels for both grades, i.e. 40-50°C for S31254 and 60-75°C for S32654. The locations of the attack differed depending on the welding process. In shielded metal arc welds the attack was mostly located in the weld metal. In gas tungsten arc welds the attack was predominantly located next to the fusion line. The field tests showed that the behaviour of welds and parent metal of superaustenitic stainless steels, as well as of nickel-based alloys, is much dependent on the corrosive environment. In oxidizing chloride solutions, similar results to these of the ferric chloride test, are observed. However, crevice corrosion in the parent material is at a greater risk than pitting corrosion in the welds. In very oxidizing solutions of low chloride concentrations, welds made of nickel-based fillers may corrode faster than the stainless steel base metal due to transpassive uniform corrosion. The opposite situation exists when active uniform corrosion prevails, i.e. welds made of nickel-based fillers corrode less than the stainless steel parent material,. It should also be emphasized that corrosion failures in welds have rarely been a problem in practical applications of superaustenitic stainless steels. The general experience is that weld corrosion occurrs when alloys are used in conditions close to their corrosion limits.
Transform domain algorithm for reducing effectof film-grain noise in image compression (1999)

An algorithm for decreasing the effect of film-grain noise in image compression is proposed. The algorithm operates in the transform domain in conjunction with quantisation. Although any orthogonal transform is suitable for this application, the orthogonal wavelet transform is preferred due to the simplicity in calculating the filter coefficients.
Robotic technology evolution and transfer (1992)

A report concerning technology transfer in the area of robotics is presented in vugraph form. The following topics are discussed: definition of technology innovation and tech-transfer; concepts relevant for understanding tech-transfer; models advanced to portray tech-transfer process; factors identified as promoting tech-transfer; factors identified as impeding tech-transfer; what important roles do individuals fulfill in tech-transfer; federal infrastructure for promoting tech-transfer; federal infrastructure for promoting tech-transfer; robotic technology evolution; robotic technology transferred; and recommendations for successful robotics tech-transfer.
Folate homeostasis of cancer cells affects sensitivity to not only antifolates but also other non-folate drugs: effect of MRP expression (2013)

Abstract Sensitivity to antifolates can be decreased by endogenous or exogenous folates. Leucovorin protects cancer patients against toxicity of the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor methotrexate (MTX), while folic acid is used to protect rheumatoid arthritis patients against MTX. Folates and antifolates can be effluxed from the cell by ABC transporters multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), 2 and 3. We previously demonstrated in 2008 ovarian cancer cells that MRP overexpression reduced cellular folate content by 40%, while folate depletion increased expression of MRP1. As MRPs mediate resistance to several unrelated drugs, we investigated whether folate status would affect sensitivity to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, etoposide and vincristine. Ovarian cancer 2008 cells and its MRP1 transfected variant (2008/MRP1) were adapted from normal folate medium [2.3 μM; high folate (HF) cells] to short-term folate depletion (up to 7 days) (low folate cells); drugs were added after 2 days and sensitivity was tested by the MTT test after 3 additional days. The effect on folate homeostasis was evaluated by measurement of intracellular homocysteine using high-performance liquid chromatography and glutathione using a kit. MRP expression of wild-type (WT) 2008 cells did not increase homocysteine pools in 2008/MRP1 cells. Three day folate depletion increased homocysteine pools 23-fold in 2008 cells and 8.6-fold in the MRP variant. Folate depletion increased glutathione 20%–40% in 2008/WT and 2008/MRP1. In 2008 HF cells MRP1 expression did not affect sensitivity to MTX, but induced 4- to 10-fold resistance to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, etoposide and vincristine. Folate depletion decreased 50% growth inhibition (IC 50 ) for MTX in both 2008 variants 25- to 4-fold, but that to doxorubicin and daunorubicin approximately 2-fold. Sensitivity to etoposide and vincristine was not affected. In conclusion, folate depletion markedly increased homocysteine, but moderately increased glutathione. Folate depletion increased MTX sensitivity, but effects on other drugs were most pronounced in WT cells, probably because MRP expression is already high in transfected variants.