gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Harmonic Reduction for Synchronized Phase-shifted Parallel PWM Inverters with Current Sharing Reactors (2007)

Renewable energy sources are quickly becoming incorporated into increasingly distributed electrical utility grids. An ever present issue when interfacing these sources is that of harmonic distortion reduction at the inter-tie point. One very interesting approach to reduce harmonic distortion is to synchronize power transistor operation for inverters operating in parallel. In this paper, a rarely employed technique for harmonic reduction using synchronized phase shifted parallel PWM inverters with current-sharing reactors is presented and analyzed. Using the technique presented inverter output distortion can be reduced significantly, for example total harmonic reduction can be reduced typically in half using just two synchronized phase-shifted parallel inverters (our simulation and experimental studies indicate that even smaller distortion reduction factors can be achieved). We present analyses for two and three phase-shifted inverters operated in parallel employing current sharing reactors. Our analyses consider the impact of a wide range of phase-shift delays on net output total harmonic distortion, with the phase-shift delay from zero to one entire cycle of the fundamental component. Some results are expected, such as a dramatic increase in distortion when the fundamental components between multiple inverters tend to cancel out, on the other hand it is interesting to observe a leveling-off, and gradual, smooth increase in the distortion reduction factor over a significant portion of the phase-shift delay variable.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(chiral methylpropargyl ester)s Carrying Azobenzene Moieties (2009)

Abstract Novel chiral methylpropargyl esters bearing azobenzene groups, namely, 4‐[4′‐(benzyloxy)phenylazophenyl]‐ carbonyl‐( S )‐1‐methylpropargyl ester ( e ), 4‐[4′‐( n ‐butyloxy)phenylazophenyl]carbonyl‐( S )‐1‐methylpropargyl ester ( f ), 4‐[4′‐( n ‐hexyloxy)phenylazophenyl]carbonyl‐( S )‐1‐methylpropargyl ester ( g ), and 4‐[4′‐( n ‐octyloxy)phenylazo‐ phenyl]carbonyl‐( S )‐1‐methylpropargyl ester ( h ) were synthesized and polymerized with Rh + (nbd)[ η 6 ‐C 6 H 5 B − ‐ (C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] (nbd=norbornadiene) catalyst to give the corresponding polymers with moderate molecular weights ( M n =8.4×10 3 –15.7×10 3 ) in good yields (76%? –?91%). The structures of polymers were illustrated by IR and NMR spectroscopies. Polymers were soluble in comment organic solvents including toluene, CHCl 3 CH 2 Cl 2 , THF, and DMSO, while insoluble in diethyl ether, n ‐hexane and methanol. Large optical rotations of polymer solutions demonstrated that all the polymers take a helical structure with a predominantly one‐handed screw sense in organic solvents.
Thermal room modelling adapted to the test of hvac control systems (2001)

Room models, currently used for controller tests, assume the room air to be perfectly mixed. A new room model is developed, assuming non-homogeneous room conditions and distinguishing between different sensor positions. From measurement in real test rooms and detailed CFD simulations, a list of convective phenomena is obtained that has to be considered in the development of a model for a room equipped with different HVAC systems. The zonal modelling approach that divides the room air into several sub-volumes is chosen, since it is able to represent the important convective phenomena imposed on the HVAC system. The convective room model is divided into two parts: a zonal model, representing the air at the occupant zone and a second model, providing the conditions at typical sensor positions. Using this approach, the comfort conditions at the occupant zone can be evaluated as well as the impact of different sensor positions. The model is validated for a test room equipped with different HVAC systems. Sensitivity analysis is carried out on the main parameters of the model. Performance assessment and energy consumption are then compared for different sensor positions in a room equipped with different HVAC systems. The results are also compared with those obtained when a well-mixed model is used. A main conclusion of these tests is, that the differences obtained, when changing the position of the controller's sensor, is a function of the HVAC system and controller type. The differences are generally small in terms of thermal comfort but significant in terms of overall energy consumption. For different HVAC systems the cases are listed, in which the use of a simplified model is not recommended. This PhD has been submitted in accordance to the conditions for attaining both the French and the German degree of a PhD, on a co-national basis, in the frame of a statement of the French government from January 18th, 1994. The research has been carried out in the Automation and Energy Management Group (AGE), Department of Sustainable Development (DDD), at the &amp;quot;Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment&amp;quot; (CSTB) in Marne la Vallée, France, in collaboration with the &amp;quot;Centre Energétique&amp;quot; (CENERG) at the &amp;quot;Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris&amp;quot; (ENSMP), Paris, France and the Technical University of Dresden (TUD), Germany.
Stance Control Inspired by Cerebellum Stabilizes Reflex-Based Locomotion\n on HyQ Robot (2020)

Advances in legged robotics are strongly rooted in animal observations. A\nclear illustration of this claim is the generalization of Central Pattern\nGenerators (CPG), first identified in the cat spinal cord, to generate cyclic\nmotion in robotic locomotion. Despite a global endorsement of this model,\nphysiological and functional experiments in mammals have also indicated the\npresence of descending signals from the cerebellum, and reflex feedback from\nthe lower limb sensory cells, that closely interact with CPGs. To this day,\nthese interactions are not fully understood. In some studies, it was\ndemonstrated that pure reflex-based locomotion in the absence of oscillatory\nsignals could be achieved in realistic musculoskeletal simulation models or\nsmall compliant quadruped robots. At the same time, biological evidence has\nattested the functional role of the cerebellum for predictive control of\nbalance and stance within mammals. In this paper, we promote both approaches\nand successfully apply reflex-based dynamic locomotion, coupled with a balance\nand gravity compensation mechanism, on the state-of-art HyQ robot. We discuss\nthe importance of this stability module to ensure a correct foot lift-off and\nmaintain a reliable gait. The robotic platform is further used to test two\ndifferent architectural hypotheses inspired by the cerebellum. An analysis of\nexperimental results demonstrates that the most biologically plausible\nalternative also leads to better results for robust locomotion.\n
Particle tracking and beam optics analysis on a toroidal gantry for proton therapy (2021)

GaToroid is a concept of toroidal gantry for hadron therapy under investigation at CERN It makes use of the toroidal magnetic field between each pair of coils to steer and focus the particle beams down to the patient. This peculiar concept requires detailed studies on particle tracking and beam optics to optimise the winding geometry and explore the properties of the system. The work presented in this manuscript is focused on the features of a GaToroid system for protons, specifically designed to minimise the footprint and weight of the gantry. Firstly, a two-dimensional single particle tracking was developed to optimise the coil geometry and the toroidal magnetic field, aiming to the maximisation of the energy acceptance of the magnet. Particles over the whole spectrum of treatment energy are directed at isocenter within 1 mm of precision. This procedure, restricted to the symmetry plane between each pair of coils, defines different beam orbits, function of the beam energy. Subsequently, a three-dimensional particle tracking was implemented to evaluate the interaction of a beam of finite dimensions with the complete magnetic field map in vacuum. The parameters of the simulated beam at the isocenter are coherent with the clinical requirements. The results of the three-dimensional tracking were then used to calculate the linear transfer matrix associated to each beam orbit. Finally, the option of performing the beam spot scanning at the isocenter by acting on the upstream steering magnet has been investigated, highlighting the potential of the concept, as well as the limitations related to the scanning field dimension and source-to-axis distance. In conclusion, the results described in this paper represent a crucial step toward the understanding of the beam optics properties of a GaToroid gantry.
Clarification and confocal imaging of the non-human primate placental micro-anatomy (2018)

Abstract Placental function is essential for the development of the fetus, and is – in part – related to the 3D arrangement of the villous and vascular geometry. Recent advances in tissue clarification techniques allow for deep high-resolution imaging with confocal microscopy without altering the spatial characteristics of the tissue. These image stacks can be analyzed quantitatively to provide insights regarding the villous and vascular micro-anatomy as well as the interrelationships between the two. However, such analyses require optimization of the tissue preparation, immuno-labeling, and clarification protocol in order to provide reliable results suitable for the detection of subtle differences in pathologic pregnancies. Placental and fetal development are similar between human and non-human primate pregnancies, with the latter serving as a reliable, validated, highly-controlled, well-characterized translational model for the former. We present a protocol for the preparation, immuno-labeling, and clarification of the non-human primate placenta optimized for confocal microscopy and subsequent quantification of the micro-anatomic structures.
Oral heparin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (1995)

Heparin was administered orally in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment resulted in clinical improvement in all cases (significant reduction in the number of tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness). This was associated with a decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (8/10 patients) and cholesterol in all patients, although the differences were not significant. Recent data indicate that heparin can bind cytokines with potent immune modulatory action (e.g. TNF-alpha, interferon gamma etc.). Thus, neutralization of their action on target cells could be partially responsible for the beneficial effects reported. Moreover, heparin inhibits T cell traffic to a site of antigen by blocking enzymes digesting the extracellular matrix and interfering with selection activity. The results of our preliminary study suggest that heparin, given per os, may have immunomodulatory properties with potential application in human disease.
Conjunctival vaccination of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) with bacille Calmette-Guérin (2005)

Conjunctival vaccination with BCG induced a significant level of protective immunity against M. bovis infection in possums. This route of vaccination, together with intranasal aerosol vaccination, could be utilised in the delivery of an aerosolised vaccine using a device that sprays the vaccine suspension into the eyes and nose of possums.
Repeatability of Refraction and Corrected Visual Acuity in Keratoconus (1998)

The repeatability of subjective refraction in keratoconus patients is good but somewhat lower than that found in nondiseased eyes. Only 36% of our repeat measures of sphere power from subjective refraction fell within 0.50 D of each other, compared with more than 90% in studies of normal eyes.
Quantification of MR spectra by deep learning in an idealized setting: Investigation of forms of input, network architectures, optimization by ensembles of networks, and training bias (2022)

MF mostly performs better compared to the faster DL approach. Potential intrinsic biases on training sets are dangerous in a clinical context that requires the algorithm to be unbiased to outliers (i.e., pathological data). Active learning and ensemble of networks are good strategies to improve prediction performances. However, data quality (sufficient SNR) has proven as a bottleneck for adequate unbiased performance-like in the case of MF.
Vasculoprotective Effects of Dietary Cocoa Flavanols in Patients on Hemodialysis (2015)

Dietary CF ingestion mitigates acute HD-induced and chronic endothelial dysfunction in patients with ESRD and thus, improves vascular function in this high-risk population. Larger clinical trials are warranted to test whether this translates into an improved cardiovascular prognosis in patients with ESRD.
Analysis of random dopant-induced effects through numerical solution of randomly perturbed nonlinear Poisson equation (2001)

A new approach to the analysis of random dopant-induced effects in semiconductor devices is proposed. This approach is based on numerical solution of randomly perturbed nonlinear Poisson equation by using a "small signal analysis" (perturbation) technique. This technique is computationally much more efficient than the existing "statistical" techniques and it yields the information that can be directly used for the design of dopant fluctuation-resistant structures of semiconductor devices.
Automatisierungsgraderhöhung im Fertigungsprozess von PV-Wechselrichtern (2014)

PV-Wechselrichter sind leistungselektronische Geräte, die mit einer hohen Effizienz Gleichstrom zu Wechselstrom konvertieren. Sie müssen über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 20 Jahren funktionsfähig bleiben. Trotz der hohen Nachfrage der Geräte auf dem Weltmarkt werden eingesetzte Bauelemente teilweise noch von Hand auf die Leiterplatte bestückt. In dieser Bachelorarbeit soll geklärt werden, in wie fern der verstärkte Einsatz einer Automatisierungslösung umsetzbar ist.
Special articles on synthesis and supramolecular structure of functionality amphiphiles. Investigation of deposition of precursor LB films and imidization process using piezoelectric quartz plate. (1990)

The processes of deposition of precursor LB films and imidization to polyimide LB films were monitored by weight change using a piezoelectric quartz plate as a microbalance. N-Octadecylpyrrolidine was better than N, N-dimethyloctadecylamine as a long alkyl amine to obtain the Y-type multilayer. Although imidizaion using the solution of acetic anhydride and pyridine was performed within several hyndred seconds in benzene, it did not complete in hexane, whereas initial imidization speed was faster in hexane. Swelling would be important factor for imidization process, because benzene make the LB film swell more than other solvents.
Effect of Isomeric Structures of Branched Cyclic Hydrocarbons on Densities and Equation of State Predictions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures (2013)

The cis and trans conformation of a branched cyclic hydrocarbon affects the packing and, hence, the density, exhibited by that compound. Reported here are density data for branched cyclohexane (C6) compounds including methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane (ethylcC6), cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (cis-1,2), cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane (cis-1,4), and trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane (trans-1,4) determined at temperatures up to 525 K and pressures up to 275 MPa. Of the four branched C6 isomers, cis-1,2 exhibits the largest densities and the smallest densities are exhibited by trans-1,4. The densities are modeled with the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS), the high-temperature, high-pressure, volume-translated (HTHP VT) PREoS, and the perturbed chain, statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) EoS. Model calculations highlight the capability of these equations to account for the different densities observed for the four isomers investigated in this study. The HTHP VT-PREoS provides modest improvements over the PREoS, but neither cubic EoS is capable of accounting for the effect of isomer structural differences on the observed densities. The PC-SAFT EoS, with pure component parameters from the literature or from a group contribution method, provides improved density predictions relative to those obtained with the PREoS or HTHP VT-PREoS. However, the PC-SAFT EoS, with either set of parameters, also cannot fully account for the effect of the C6 isomer structure on the resultant density.
Alzheimer's Disease: A Biologist's Perspectives (1985)

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The fusion of genes encoding Escherichia coli heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and the study on the immunogenicity of the fusion peptides (2000)

The fusion proteins comprising the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-B) and a protein of the precursor to heat-stable enterotoxin (pro-ST) of Eschereichia coli have been created by recombinant techniques. The fusion proteins retain ability to bind to GM-1 ganglioside and possesse ST antigenicity and LT antigenicity.
A high throughput serum bactericidal assay for antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b (2016)

We describe a simple high throughput SBA for anti-Hib antibodies that would be useful for evaluating various Hib vaccines. While additional work will be needed to standardize the assay, this SBA should greatly facilitate studies of Hib vaccines.
Sequentially pulsed traveling wave accelerator (2023)

A sequentially pulsed traveling wave compact accelerator having two or more pulse forming lines each with a switch for producing a short acceleration pulse along a short length of a beam tube, and a trigger mechanism for sequentially triggering the switches so that a traveling axial electric field is produced along the beam tube in synchronism with an axially traversing pulsed beam of charged particles to serially impart energy to the particle beam.
Volumetric cloud generation using a Chinese brush calligraphy style (2014)

Clouds are an important feature of any real or simulated environment in which the sky is visible.Their amorphous, ever-changing and illuminated features make the sky vivid and beautiful.However, these features increase both the complexity of real time rendering and modelling.It is difficult to design and build volumetric clouds in an easy and intuitive way, particularly if the interface is intended for artists rather than programmers.We propose a novel modelling system motivated by an ancient painting style, Chinese Landscape Painting, to address this problem.With the use of only one brush and one colour, an artist can paint a vivid and detailed landscape efficiently.In this research, we develop three emulations of a Chinese brush: a skeleton-based brush, a 2D texture footprint and a dynamic 3D footprint, all driven by the motion and pressure of a stylus pen.We propose a hybrid mapping to generate both the body and surface of volumetric clouds from the brush footprints.Our interface integrates these components along with 3D canvas control and GPU-based volumetric rendering into an interactive cloud modelling system.Our cloud modelling system is able to create various types of clouds occurring in nature.User tests indicate that our brush calligraphy approach is preferred to conventional volumetric cloud modelling and that it produces convincing 3D cloud formations in an intuitive and interactive fashion.While traditional modelling systems focus on surface generation of 3D objects, our brush calligraphy technique constructs the interior structure.This forms the basis of a new modelling style for objects with amorphous shape.
Influence of Foam Morphology on Flow and Heat Transport in a Random Packed Bed with Metallic Foam Pellets—An Investigation Using CFD (2022)

Open-cell metallic foams used as catalyst supports exhibit excellent transport properties. In this work, a unique application of metallic foam, as pelletized catalyst in a packed bed reactor, is examined. By using a wall-segment Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) setup, parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the influence of foam morphologies (cell size ϕ=0.45–3 mm and porosity ε=0.55–0.95) and intrinsic conductivity on flow and heat transport characteristics in a slender packed bed (N=D/dp=6.78) made of cylindrical metallic foam pellets. The transport processes have been modeled using an extended version of conventional particle-resolved CFD, i.e., flow and energy in inter-particle spaces are fully resolved, whereas the porous-media model is used for the effective transport processes inside highly-porous foam pellets. Simulation inputs include the processing parameters relevant to Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), analyzed for low (Rep~100) and high (Rep~5000) flow regimes. The effect of foam morphologies on packed beds has shown that the desired requirements contradict each other, i.e., an increase in cell size and porosity favors the reduction in pressure drop, but, it reduces the heat transfer efficiency. A design study is also conducted to find the optimum foam morphology of a cylindrical foam pellet at a higher Rep~5000, which yields ϕ = 0.45, ε = 0.8. Suitable correlations to predict the friction factor and the overall heat transfer coefficient in a foam-packed bed have been presented, which consider the effect of different foam morphologies over a range of particle Reynolds number, 100≤Rep≤5000.
Differential expression of chitinases identify subsets of murine airway epithelial cells in allergic inflammation (2006)

The mammalian chitinase family includes members both with and without enzymatic activity against chitin, a product of fungal cell walls, exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects, and the microfilarial sheaths of parasitic nematodes. Two members of that family, Ym1 and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), are strongly upregulated in pulmonary T helper (Th) 2 inflammation but not in Th1 inflammation. The sites of expression of these products are incompletely known. We show here that, in two different models of Th2 inflammation, Ym1 and AMCase are mutually exclusively expressed in proximal vs. distal airway epithelium, respectively, whereas both are expressed in alveolar macrophages. This regional difference along the airway corresponds to the previously noted distinction between mucus positive proximal cells and mucus negative distal cells under the same conditions. Among distal cells, AMCase colocalizes with epithelial cells expressing the Clara cell marker Clara cell secretory protein. These AMCase-expressing cells retain expression of FOXA2, a transcription factor whose downregulation in association with IL-13 signaling has previously been associated with production of mucus in proximal airway epithelial cells. These results provide evidence that secretory cells of proximal and distal airways undergo fundamentally different gene expression programs in response to allergic inflammation. Furthermore, AMCase provides the first positive molecular marker of distal Clara cell secretory protein-expressing cells under these conditions.