gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of vacuum components for neutral beam injection applications (1977)

Neutral beam injectors and divertors for fusion devices require very high-speed pumping capabilities to remove cold gas and impurities from the beam and plasma drift regions. Cryopumping is one of the most favorable methods due to its freedom from contamination and relatively low capital cost. The theory of cryosorption pumping is summarized and contrasted with the process of cryocondensation. A variable-temperature cryostat for basic studies on small test cryosorption panels is described. Using results of these studies, a large sorption panel with an inlet area of 2 m/sup 2/ is being designed and fabricated. The design characteristics of this pump are discussed.
Increased Epithelial Cadherin Expression among Japanese Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancers Compared with Specimens from American Patients of European Descent (2006)

The different patterns of gastric cancer in the Far East and West have evolved to the extent that it has been suggested that the disease in Japan is biologically less aggressive than in the West. We studied paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue blocks from Japanese patients and American patients of European descent who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer not involving the gastroesophageal junction. Specimens were staged (T stage), graded (Lauren classification), and biomarker expression (epithelial cadherin [E-cadherin], c-erbB2, Ki67, and p53) was quantified using immunohistochemistry without knowledge of the country of origin. E-cadherin was expressed in 49 per cent of malignant cells from Japanese specimens compared with 27 per cent of malignant cells from American specimens (P = 0.04). The expression of E-cadherin on diffuse cancers from the two countries was similar (34.4 in Japanese vs 41.5 in American, P = 0.92). E-cadherin expression, however, was significantly higher among intestinal cancers from the two countries: 56.3 per cent of cells from intestinal or mixed cancers from Japan (n = 32) expressed E-cadherin compared with 22.2 per cent of American specimens (n = 12; P = 0.008).-c-erbB2 was expressed on a higher proportion of malignant cells from American specimens (30% vs 22%; P = 0.20). E-cadherin expression, a favorable prognostic factor, is more common in Japanese intestinal-type gastric cancer not involving the gastroesophageal junction. If the biology of gastric cancer in the Far East is less aggressive than that in the United States, it is likely that treatments need to be individualized.
<title>Measurement of retinal vessel diameters in images produced by the Heidelberg retinal tomograph</title> (1997)

To determine if a method can be used with the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) to improve measurement of retinal vessel diameters. The HRT was used to acquire 3 consecutive images of the optic nerve head in 7 normal subjects to obtain a mean topographic image. The files were transferred to `CorelPHOTO-PAINT The diameters of vessels with well- defined edges were measured using the `line tool'. Each vessel diameter was measured 5 times, and an average and standard deviation were calculated. Fifty-five arterioles and 49 venules were measured from the 7 normal subjects using `CorelPHOTO-PAINT `interactivemeas' submenu. The standard deviations of the vessels ranged from 0 to 10 microns with the majority less than 5 microns in subjects using `CorelPHOTO-PAINT of the measurable vessels ranged from 2 to 17 microns with the majority greater than 5 microns. The HRT `interactivemeas' submenu permits distance measurements, but it does not enhance the image enough to clearly define the vessel edges. Enlargement and improvement of contrast reduces user error in measuring retinal vessel diameters of HRT topographic images.
Process technology for the fabrication of a Chip-in-Wire style packaging (2008)

In this contribution, progress on Chip-in-Wire packaging will be presented. The basic principle behind this concept is that small chips are interconnected and embedded in a flexible (and possibly stretchable) material so that a resulting 1D array of interconnected dies can be formed. At the end of the process, the structures can be released so that a freestanding “wire” of interconnected chips is fabricated.
An ultrashallow SH -wave seismic reflection experiment on a subsurface ground model (2001)

Abstract An SH-wave seismic reflection experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and cost effectiveness of reflection imaging ultrashallow targets commonly encountered in engineering, groundwater, and environmental investigations. It was carried out on a purpose-built subsurface ground model consisting of a concrete layer, at a depth from 2.85–5 m, and a low-velocity overburden (&amp;lt; 80 and 150 m/s for S- and P-waves, respectively), constituted of filling material, with the water table 2.60 m deep. High-quality CDP data, acquired by using a 10-kg sledgehammer and newly designed horizontal detectors, allowed us to obtain an extremely detailed stacked section with a minimal amount of processing. Uncertainty in determining the depth and horizontal dimensions of the concrete model was estimated to be 0.2 and 0.3 m, respectively; however, the dominant frequencies lower than 150 Hz, the low-transmission coefficient at the upper interface, and the relatively high velocity (900 m/s) of the concrete layer prevented us from resolving the layer thickness. The experiment demonstrates that when overburden materials exhibit low velocities (a common condition in near surface), the SH-wave seismic reflection method is a reliable, detailed, and cost-effective technique to image ultrashallow targets, even in disturbed material and below the water table.
A Lattice Notch Filter based Signal Processing Method for Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (2005)

An adaptive lattice notch filter, whose calculation is simpler than that of the IIR type notch filter, is applied to filter the sensor output signal of Coriolis mass flowmeter and calculate its frequency. An adaptive line enhancer based on the above notch filter extracts the fundamental frequency signal from noisy data. Then the sliding Goertzel algorithm is used to calculate the real time phase difference between two signals. Based on the frequency and phase difference, the time interval of the two signals is calculated and the mass flowrate is obtained. The results of simulations have proved that this method is effective.
EDIM-TKTL1/Apo10 Blood Test: An Innate Immune System Based Liquid Biopsy for the Early Detection, Characterization and Targeted Treatment of Cancer (2017)

Epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) represents a liquid biopsy exploiting the innate immune system. Activated monocytes (macrophages) phagocytose unwanted cells/cell fragments from the whole body including solid tissues. As they return to the blood, macrophages can be used for a non-invasive detection of biomarkers, thereby providing high sensitivity and specificity, because the intracellular presence of biomarkers is due to an innate immune response. Flow cytometry analysis of blood enables the detection of macrophages and phagocytosed intracellular biomarkers. In order to establish a pan-cancer test, biomarkers for two fundamental biophysical mechanisms have been exploited. The DNaseX/Apo10 protein epitope is a characteristic of tumor cells with abnormal apoptosis and proliferation. Transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) is a marker for an anaerobic glucose metabolism (Warburg effect), which is concomitant with invasive growth/metastasis and resistant to radical and apoptosis inducing therapies. The detection of Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages allowed a sensitive (95.8%) and specific (97.3%) detection of prostate, breast and oral squamous cell carcinomas. Since TKTL1 represents a drugable target, the EDIM based detection of TKTL1 enables a targeted cancer therapy using the vitamin derivatives oxythiamine or benfo-oxythiamine.
Differentiation and functional regulation of human fetal NK cells (2013)

The human fetal immune system is naturally exposed to maternal allogeneic cells, maternal antibodies, and pathogens. As such, it is faced with a considerable challenge with respect to the balance between immune reactivity and tolerance. Here, we show that fetal natural killer (NK) cells differentiate early in utero and are highly responsive to cytokines and antibody-mediated stimulation but respond poorly to HLA class I-negative target cells. Strikingly, expression of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) did not educate fetal NK cells but rendered them hyporesponsive to target cells lacking HLA class I. In addition, fetal NK cells were highly susceptible to TGF-β-mediated suppression, and blocking of TGF-β signaling enhanced fetal NK cell responses to target cells. Our data demonstrate that KIR-mediated hyporesponsiveness and TGF-β-mediated suppression are major factors determining human fetal NK cell hyporesponsiveness to HLA class I-negative target cells and provide a potential mechanism for fetal-maternal tolerance in utero. Finally, our results provide a basis for understanding the role of fetal NK cells in pregnancy complications in which NK cells could be involved, for example, during in utero infections and anti-RhD-induced fetal anemia.
Assessment of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Equation to Predict Reference Serum Creatinine Value in Severe Trauma Patients (2015)

The eSCr75-MDRD equation systematically overestimates oSCr of severe trauma patients. The eSCrTRAUMA-MDRD equation determined was statistically superior allowing more accurate qualification of acute kidney injury.
Addition‐cyclisations of ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate with hydrazine derivatives as a source of thiadiazoles and triazoles (1989)

Abstract Ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate reacts additively with hydrazine, ethoxycarbonylhydrazine, as well as amino‐ and 1,2‐diaminoguanidine. Simultaneous or subsequent cyclisation of the resulting 1:1‐ or 2:1‐adducts in acidic or alkaline media yields substituted 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles or 1,2,4‐triazoles, respectively.
Utilizing HoloLens to Support Industrial Service Processes (2018)

Changing business environments, increasing product complexity, aging workforce, and new developments, such as digitization are some of the factors that will influence future service organizations and processes. The increasing capabilities provided by mobile and wearable devices, such as head-mounted displays enable new types of applications. Especially, HoloLens provides some new functionality and features that can simplify the realization of these types of applications. In this paper, we present various use cases that can benefit from utilizing augmented / mixed reality applications. Furthermore, we describe and discuss an approach that utilizes HoloLens to support industrial service activities.
An integrated general purpose automated test environment (1993)

As software systems become more and more complex, both the complexity of the testing effort and the cost of maintaining the results of that effort increase proportionately. Most existing test environments lack the power and flexibility needed to adequately test significant software systems. The CONVEX Integrated Test Environment (CITE) is discussed as an answer to the need for a more complete and powerful general purpose automated software test system.
Microsat cryocooler system (2015)

As the scientific requirements of microsatellites migrate closer to those of larger, more-expensive traditional satellites, the technical requirements on the key enabling components and subsystems are becoming more demanding. If the utility of microsatellites is ever to expand to include high performance mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) sensors, significant advancement in the state of art of small cryocooler systems is required. The Microsat Cryocooler System (MCS) is a radiation hard, space-qualified integrated cryocooler assembly (ICA) for CubeSat and microsat applications. The ICA includes a high reliability tactical cryocooler, a miniature set of Low Cost Cryocooler Electronics (mLCCE), the thermal management components, and the isolation structure. As is the case with the larger LCCE from which it was derived, the mLCCE supports any of a wide range of linear cryocoolers in its design output power range (nominally 25W). With minor adaptation, rotary coolers are also supported. This paper presents the initial results from the brassboard phase of the MCS Program. A high fidelity set of cryocooler electronics with a well-defined upgrade path to a space-compatible design has been built and tested with the target cryocooler. Those data are presented. In addition to reducing risk for the spaceflight design to follow, these electronics are being released as an intermediate product for high-end tactical applications where the plug-and-play operability among different coolers and the enhanced level of control and programmability (relative to typical tactical cooler electronics) are desired. The overall CubeSat-compatible mechanical subsystem design is also presented, including descriptions of the thermal management and vibration isolation approaches.
MULTI-INLET/OUTLET PRECONCENTRATOR WITH 3-D µ-STRUCTURES COATED BY INKJET PRINTING OF TENAX TA (2008)

The design, simulation, fabrication and testing of a thermally desorbed micro preconcentrator (-TPC) is presented. The device consists of multiple inlets/outlets with novel high-aspect-ratio (240m) crisscross -pillar structures and on-chip thermal desorption capability. The -TPC has a total inner surface area of 200 mm 2 and a total inner volume of 6.5 L resulting in a surface to volume ratio of 31 mm -1 . The 3-D structures were coated with Tenax TA based on polymer inkjet printing methods. The 7 mm 7 mm -TPC was capable of collecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a preconcentration factor > 1000.
Single-sided linear induction motor controlling the surface shape of molten tin (glass formation) (1992)

Presents theoretical analyses and experimental results on molten-tin control using a 1.5-m-wide single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) to improve the float process of forming sheet glass. First, a mathematical model of molten tin controlled by a SLIM is derived. It is shown that theoretical predictions agree with experimental results within 5% error. Second, the vibration of the molten tin surface is vibratory under the condition that the initial height of the molten tin is greater than 0.6 dimensionless height (the ratio of height to the specific wavelength of SLIM). Two locations of SLIM are compared from the standpoint of application to the actual float process. It is theoretically demonstrated that the lower location to molten tin is superior to the upper location.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fast reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging (2012)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new tomographic imaging method which is able to capture the fast dynamic behavior of magnetic tracer material. From measured induced signals, the unknown magnetic particle concentration is reconstructed using a previously determined system function, which describes the relation between particle position and signal response. After discretization, the system function is represented by a matrix, whose size can prohibit the use of direct solvers for matrix inversion to reconstruct the image. In this paper, we present a new reconstruction approach, which combines efficient compression techniques and iterative reconstruction solvers. The data compression is based on orthogonal transforms, which extract the most relevant information from the system function matrix by thresholding, such that any iterative solver is strongly accelerated. The effect of the compression with respect to memory requirements, computational complexity and image quality is investigated. With the proposed method, it is possible to achieve real-time reconstruction with almost no loss in image quality using measured 4D MPI data.
Superior protection and distinct phenotype of pulmonary CD8+ T cells elicited by mucosal vaccination (MUC5P.863) (2014)

Abstract CD8-positive T cells (CTLs) confer protective immunity against many infectious diseases, and thus the development of safe and efficient CTL-targeted vaccination is of high clinical significance. Although many respiratory pathogens invade the host through the lung mucosa, most licensed human vaccines elicit limited and systemic T cell responses, rather than strong local pulmonary responses. We therefore wondered whether elicitation of pulmonary CTL response with microbe-free CTL-targeted subunit vaccine might benefit the host and protect against respiratory infections. We discovered superior protection of humanized mice from lethal respiratory challenge with vaccinia virus with intranasal, but not intra-peritoneal, vaccination. Critically, this superior protection did not correlate with the magnitude of the systemic CTL response but was dependent on in situ elicitation of robust pulmonary epitope-specific CTLs, which were able to limit viral replication and prevent disease. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that pulmonary CTLs elicited by vaccination possessed distinct phenotypic and functional properties when compared to CTLs that homed to the spleen. To extend this finding, we developed an approach for eliciting protective CTL responses that utilizes nanoparticle-based mucosal delivery of epitope-targeted vaccine formulated with an optimal adjuvant.
International Workshop on Structural and Functional Aspects of the Cholinergic Synapse Held in Jerusalem, Israel on 30 August-4 September 1987 (1987)

Abstract : The workshop addressed the following topics: Synaptogenesis and Regulation; Acetylcholinesterase; Presynaptic Mechanisms; Signal Transduction and Modulation; Acetylcholine Receptor.
Cutibacterium acnes regulates the epidermal barrier properties of HPV-KER human immortalized keratinocyte cultures (2020)

Our skin provides a physical barrier to separate the internal part of our body from the environment. Maintenance of complex barrier functions is achieved through anatomical structures in the skin, the stratified squamous epithelium specialized junctional organelles, called tight junctions (TJs). Several members of our microbial communities are known to affect the differentiation state and function of the colonized organ. Whether and how interactions between skin cells and cutaneous microbes, including Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), modify the structure and/or function of our skin is currently only partly understood. Thus, in our studies, we investigated whether C. acnes may affect the epidermal barrier using in vitro model systems. Real-time cellular analysis showed that depending on the keratinocyte differentiation state, the applied C. acnes strains and their dose, the measured impedance values change, together with the expression of selected TJ proteins. These may reflect barrier alterations, which can be partially restored upon antibiotic-antimycotic treatment. Our findings suggest that C. acnes can actively modify the barrier properties of cultured keratinocytes, possibly through alteration of tight cell-to-cell contacts. Similar events may play important roles in our skin, in the maintenance of cutaneous homeostasis.
Proteomics and naturally occurring animal diseases: Opportunities for animal and human medicine (2008)

The exquisite sensitivity and selectivity of contemporary protein analysis means that proteomics is increasingly at the forefront of biomedical investigation. The molecular basis of diseases states can now be revealed at the protein level, complementing transcript and genomics data. Moreover, protein biomarkers are increasingly accessible to the scrutiny of the protein chemist. The focus of these studies has been on human systems but diseases that occur naturally in nonhuman mammalian species may provide additional perspectives on the pathophysiology of human disorders. As a result, veterinary research aimed at promoting animal health may lead to concomitant improvements in the characterisation, clinical management and treatment of human diseases. This review will focus on the use of proteomic approaches to study naturally occurring disease states in animals and discuss ways by which these investigations may advance the health of both animals and humans.
Autoantikörper gegen Cardiolipin (2017)

Autoantikörper gegen Cardiolipin
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SPINAL SEGMENTS WITH HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE (2009)

In vitro testing of spinal motion segments provides valuable information about the effects of surgical procedures on the biomechanics of the spine. Few studies, however have investigated the effect of varying laboratory testing environments on the outcome of these tests. This study aims to identify differences in mechanical properties induced by testing in one of three testing environments, and trends due to repeated testing over time. 27 sheep lumbar motion segments were tested in either, air at 18°C while wrapped with gauze soaked in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), a PBS bath at 37°C, or at 37°C and 100% humidity. Specimens were cycled through +/−8Nm in axial rotation, lateral bending, and flexion/extension. Tests were repeated every hour for 6 hours. Torque and angle were recorded and each bending mode was repeated for 4 cycles, the last 3 of which were used in calculations. Stiffness (5–7Nm), neutral zone (NZ), NZ stiffness, Range of Motion (ROM) energy under the loading curve and hysteresis area were calculated and evaluated with ANOVA. Post hoc comparisons found differences in stiffness, hysteresis area and energy of bending between room temperature and both heated conditions during flexion/extension. Differences were also noted between the room temperature and PBS bath conditions for stiffness and hysteresis area during lateral bending. One explanation of the results could be the thermo-sensitive properties of spinal ligaments and intervertebral fibrocartilages. Repeated testing was a factor that affected the outcome of NZ, NZ stiffness, ROM and energy under the loading curve in all modes of torsion. If not accounted for during repeated tests this could lead to confounding results. Many of the traditionally reported variables (NZ, ROM) showed changes with repeated testing while hysteresis area remained relatively steady during repeated tests while identifying differences between testing groups. This variable may be useful in evaluating the condition of a motion segment with less time related effects.
Intracellular H+ regulates the α-subunit of ENaC, the epithelial Na+ channel (1999)

Protons regulate electrogenic sodium absorption in a variety of epithelia, including the cortical collecting duct, frog skin, and urinary bladder. Recently, three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) coding for the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) were cloned. However, it is not known whether pH regulates Na+ channels directly by interacting with one of the three ENaC subunits or indirectly by interacting with a regulatory protein. As a first step to identifying the molecular mechanisms of proton-mediated regulation of apical membrane Na+ permeability in epithelia, we examined the effect of pH on the biophysical properties of ENaC. To this end, we expressed various combinations of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits of ENaC in Xenopus oocytes and studied ENaC currents by the two-electrode voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques. In addition, the effect of pH on the alpha-ENaC subunit was examined in planar lipid bilayers. We report that alpha,beta,gamma-ENaC currents were regulated by changes in intracellular pH (pHi) but not by changes in extracellular pH (pHo). Acidification reduced and alkalization increased channel activity by a voltage-independent mechanism. Moreover, a reduction of pHi reduced single-channel open probability, reduced single-channel open time, and increased single-channel closed time without altering single-channel conductance. Acidification of the cytoplasmic solution also inhibited alpha, beta-ENaC, alpha,gamma-ENaC, and alpha-ENaC currents. We conclude that pHi but not pHo regulates ENaC and that the alpha-ENaC subunit is regulated directly by pHi.