gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Size of Non-coking Coal Added on Coke Degradation (1989)

The mechanism of coke degradation by solution-loss reaction in the blast furnace was experimentally studied, and a resistance index for coke degradation under blast furnace conditions was established. The effects of coke texture and structure on coke degradation were also studied in order to allow the use of larger amounts of high-volatile non-coking coal. When the concentration of CO2 gas diffusing into lump coke was decreased, the degradation of the entire lump of coke was limited and coke wear decreased. This would be realized if coke with high reactivity and low porosity could be produced, as far as the pore walls had the permissible strength. This suggests that high-volatile non-coking coal with a highly reactive coke structure can be used. We also showed that the degradation resistance index under blast furnace conditions could be increased by controlling the dispersion of the texture derived from the non-coking coal, considering its preferential reaction. Thus, we obtained a guide for coke production with non-coking coal.
Enzymatic Synthesis of 2′-Deoxy-β-d-ribonucleosides of 8-Azapurines and 8-Aza-7-deazapurines (2012)

The enzymatic synthesis of 8-azapurine and 8-aza-7-deazapurine 2′-deoxyribonucleosides has been studied. Two methods have been used: (i) transglycosylation employing 2′-deoxyguanosine, 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxyuridine, and 2′-deoxythymidine as 2-deoxy-<sc>d</sc>-ribofuranose donors and recombinant <i>E. coli</i> purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) as biocatalyst, and (ii) one-pot synthesis from 2-deoxy-<sc>d</sc>-ribose and nucleobases employing recombinant <i>E. coli</i> ribokinase (RK), phosphopentomutase (PPM) and PNP as biocatalysts. Good substrate activity was observed for all bases studied except 2-amino-8-aza-6-chloro-7-deazapurine, which afforded the desired <i>N</i> <sup>9</sup>-nucleoside in moderate yield due to very low solubility of the base and partial replacement of C6-chloro atom of the base and formed nucleoside with a hydroxy group. The participation of Ser90 O<sup>γ</sup> of <i>E. coli</i> PNP in the binding of 8-aza-7-deazapurines in the catalytic center of PNP followed by the formation of a productive complex and glycosidic bond is suggested.
Synthesis of Peptides Containing α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids by the Azirine/Oxazolone Method: The (12–20)‐Nonapeptide of the Ionophore Alamethicin (1990)

Abstract The (12–20)‐nonapeptide Z‐Leu‐Aib‐Pro‐Val‐Aib‐Aib‐Glu (OBzl)‐Gln‐Pheol ( 10 ) of the ionophor alamethicin was synthesized by a new strategy, using 3‐amino‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2 H ‐azirines 2 as synthons for the α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) moieties.
Segmented diffusion theorem (2005)

Skeletal parallel programming ease parallel programming by providing efficient ready-made skeletons. However, nested use of skeletons are difficult to be implemented in an efficiently and load unbalanced way. In this paper, we propose a novel transformation theorem called the segmented diffusion theorem, an extension of the diffusion theorem, which can flatten many nested uses of skeletons into more efficient skeletal parallel programs. This theorem is not only useful for guiding construction of efficient skeletal parallel programs, but also suitable for optimizing skeletal parallel programs in compilers. Keywords—Parallel Programming, Program Transformation, Nested Parallelism, Parallelization
Oxidation‐Reduction Potentials of Canned Foods and Their Ability to Support Clostridium Botulinum Toxigenesis (1982)

ABSTRACT Oxidation‐reduction potentials (Eh) of canned foods ranged from ‐18 to ‐438 mV. Foods packed in glass had higher redox potentials than those packed in cans. Only 4 out of 26 products tested reached positive redox values after exposure to air for 24 hr at 4°C. Inoculated containers of mushrooms, whole corn, cream corn, asparagus, beef gravy, kidney beans, green beans, cream of mushroom soup, cheddar cheese soup, and lima beans supported toxin production by C. botulinum; potatoes and beets did not.
Temporal patterns of response to d‐penicillamine, hydroxychloroquine, and placebo in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients (1988)

We calculated the time required for therapeutic benefit to become apparent following initiation of treatment with D-penicillamine (DP), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), or placebo (each administered concomitantly with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug) using data from a double-blind, randomized 12-month trial in 162 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Using previously published criteria to classify the outcome, we found that 60% of the HCQ group, 46% of the DP group, and 39% of the placebo group responded favorably after 12 months of therapy. Data from examinations between the initial and final assessments were used to determine when the response first occurred. Approximately 50% of all patients who showed improvement at 12 months had already done so by 2 months. After 6 months, 96% of the DP group, 88% of the HCQ group, and 85% of the placebo group responders had met the criteria for response. The average time until response was attained was 105 days for the DP group, 129 days for the HCQ group, and 140 days for the placebo group. Our results indicate that a favorable response to these slow-acting antirheumatic drugs is unlikely if improvement has not occurred within the first 6 months of therapy.
Clinical Expression of Nickel Contact Dermatitis Primed by Diagnostic Patch Test (2009)

Nickel exposure for 48 h in a patch test is sufficient to induce overt delayed-type hypersensitivity on re-exposure with a previously tolerated antigen in a previously clinically unresponsive individual. Antigen and/or antigen-specific effector cells at the site of previous positive patch testing can be recruited into a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction for a prolonged period of time.
Modeling psychiatric disorders using patient stem cell-derived neurons: a way forward (2018)

Our understanding of the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders remains limited, and biomarker-based clinical management is yet to be developed. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has revolutionized our capacity to generate patient-derived neurons to model psychiatric disorders. Here, we highlight advantages and caveats of iPSC disease modeling and outline strategies for addressing current challenges.
Prolonged-Release Melatonin for the Treatment of Insomnia: Targeting Quality of Sleep and Morning Alertness (2008)

Prolonged-release (PR) melatonin (Circadin®, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Tel-Aviv, Israel) is a nonbenzodiazepine licensed to treat primary insomnia in patients aged 55 years and older. It exerts its effects by mimicking endogenous melatonin, a hormone which regulates sleep. PR-melatonin has been shown to be effective in improving quality of sleep and morning alertness. An oral dose of 2 mg once-daily for 3 weeks has generally been well tolerated, and does not cause ‘hangover’ effects or impair memory and psychomotor skills.
Production in vitro by the cytochrome P450 CYP94A1 of major C18 cutin monomers and potential messengers in plant–pathogen interactions: enantioselectivity studies (1999)

The major C(18) cutin monomers are 18-hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearic acids. These compounds are also known messengers in plant-pathogen interactions. We have previously shown that their common precursor 9,10-epoxystearic acid was formed by the epoxidation of oleic acid in Vicia sativa microsomes (Pinot, Salaün, Bosch, Lesot, Mioskowski and Durst (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184, 183-193). Here we determine the chirality of the epoxide produced as (9R,10S) and (9S,10R) in the ratio 90:10 respectively. We further show that microsomes from yeast expressing the cytochrome P450 CYP94A1 are capable of hydroxylating the methyl terminus of 9,10-epoxystearic and 9,10-dihydroxystearic acids in the presence of NADPH to form the corresponding 18-hydroxy derivatives. The reactions were not catalysed by microsomes from yeast transformed with a void plasmid or in absence of NADPH. After incubation of a synthetic racemic mixture of 9,10-epoxystearic acid with microsomes of yeast expressing CYP94A1, the chirality of the residual epoxide was shifted to 66:34 in favour of the (9S,10R) enantiomer. Both enantiomers were incubated separately and V(max)/K(m) values of 16 and 3.42 ml/min per nmol of P450 for (9R, 10S) and (9S,10R) respectively were determined, demonstrating that CYP94A1 is enantioselective for the (9R,10S) enantiomer, which is preferentially formed in V. sativa microsomes. Compared with the epoxide, the diol 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid was a much poorer substrate for the omega-hydroxylase, with a measured V(max)/K(m) of 0.33 ml/min per nmol of P450. Our results indicate that the activity of CYP94A1 is strongly influenced by the stereochemistry of the 9, 10-epoxide and the nature of substituents on carbons 9 and 10, with V(max)/K(m) values for epoxide>>oleic acid>diol.
Temporal relationship between speech auditory brainstem responses and phonemes envelopes (2007)

Auditory brainstem responses evoked by synthetic phonemes (speech-ABR) were recorded on normal hearing subjects stimulated monaurally on the right ear at 60 dB sensation level. The speech-ABR consists of an onset response (OR) followed by the frequency following response (FFR), which results of the summation of phase locking underlying activities in the auditory cells of the brainstem nuclei. The FFR mimicked accurately the envelope of the stimulus, defined as the absolute value of the stimulus filtered at the cutoff frequency of the speech ABR spectrum. However, the FFR was more shifted relative to the vowel than the OR did relative to the onset of the stimulus, which is close to the cochlear delay usually reported. Little interindividual discrepancies were found. Delay values give information about the sites of generation of the speech-ABR. This method may help to objectivate the temporal encoding of phonemes in the brainstem. Hence the potential assessing of speech intelligibility, as temporal speech envelopes retain perfect intelligibility [R. Drullman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 1796–1798 (1995)]. [Work supported by CNRS.]
ACYLATION OF 3,6-PYRIDAZINEDIONES (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTACYLATION OF 3,6-PYRIDAZINEDIONESDAVID STEFANYE and WILLIAM L. HOWARDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 1, 115–118Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01366a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01366a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extracellular DNA, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, and Inflammasome Activation in Severe Asthma (2019)

<b>Rationale:</b> Extracellular DNA (eDNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in multiple inflammatory diseases. NETs mediate inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion from monocytes and cause airway epithelial cell injury, but the role of eDNA, NETs, and IL-1β in asthma is uncertain. <b>Objectives:</b> To characterize the role of activated neutrophils in severe asthma through measurement of NETs and inflammasome activation. <b>Methods:</b> We measured sputum eDNA in induced sputum from 399 patients with asthma in the Severe Asthma Research Program-3 and in 94 healthy control subjects. We subdivided subjects with asthma into eDNA-low and -high subgroups to compare outcomes of asthma severity and of neutrophil and inflammasome activation. We also examined if NETs cause airway epithelial cell damage that can be prevented by DNase. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> We found that 13% of the Severe Asthma Research Program-3 cohort is "eDNA-high," as defined by sputum eDNA concentrations above the upper 95th percentile value in health. Compared with eDNA-low patients with asthma, eDNA-high patients had lower Asthma Control Test scores, frequent history of chronic mucus hypersecretion, and frequent use of oral corticosteroids for maintenance of asthma control (all <i>P</i> values <0.05). Sputum eDNA in asthma was associated with airway neutrophilic inflammation, increases in soluble NET components, and increases in caspase 1 activity and IL-1β (all <i>P</i> values <0.001). In <i>in vitro</i> studies, NETs caused cytotoxicity in airway epithelial cells that was prevented by disruption of NETs with DNase. <b>Conclusions:</b> High extracellular DNA concentrations in sputum mark a subset of patients with more severe asthma who have NETs and markers of inflammasome activation in their airways.
Single Chain Structure of a Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Surfactant in Water (2015)

We present atomistic simulations of a single PNIPAM-alkyl copolymer surfactant in aqueous solution at temperatures below and above the LCST of PNIPAM. We compare properties of the surfactant with pure PNIPAM oligomers of similar lengths, such as the radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area, to determine the differences in their structures and transition behavior. We also explore changes in polymer-polymer and polymer-water interactions, including hydrogen bond formation. The expected behavior is observed in the pure PNIPAM oligomers, where the backbone folds onto itself above the LCST in order to shield the hydrophobic groups from water. The surfactant, on the other hand, does not show much conformational change as a function of temperature, but instead folds to bring the hydrophobic alkyl tail and PNIPAM headgroup together at all temperatures. The atomic detail available from these simulations offers important insight into understanding how the transition behavior is changed in PNIPAM-based systems.
Plant profilin isovariants are distinctly regulated in vegetative and reproductive tissues (2002)

Profilin is a low-molecular weight, actin monomer-binding protein that regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotes, including higher plants. Unlike the simple human or yeast systems, the model plant Arabidopsis has an ancient and highly divergent multi-gene family encoding five distinct profilin isovariants. Here we compare and characterize the regulation of these profilins in different organs and during microspore development using isovariant-specific monoclonal antibodies. We show that PRF1, PRF2, and PRF3 are constitutive, being strongly expressed in all vegetative tissues at various stages of development. These profilin isovariants are also predominant in ovules and microspores at the early stages of microsporogenesis. In contrast, PRF4 and PRF5 are late pollen-specific and are not detectable in other cell types of the plant body including microspores and root hairs. Immunocytochemical studies at the subcellular level reveal that both the constitutive and pollen-specific profilins are abundant in the cytoplasm. In vegetative cell types, such as root apical cells, profilins showed localization to nuclei in addition to the cytoplasmic staining. The functional diversity of profilin isovariants is discussed in light of their spatio-temporal regulation during vegetative development, pollen maturation, and pollen tube growth.
Coupled-Consolidation Modeling of a Pile in Consolidating Ground (2012)

When a pile is embedded in a consolidating ground (e.g., newly reclaimed land), soil may settle more than the pile, thus generating negative skin friction along the pile shaft. This negative friction induces additional axial load to the pile (dragload) and pulls the pile further downward (downdrag). In this paper, the problem is investigated numerically with the finite-element package ABAQUS. It was found that the package defaults an interface model that models the mobilized interface strength in a way that the effect of water pressure was overlooked. Therefore, a modified numerical algorithm is proposed in this study. It amends the model by correctly bringing pore water pressure into the calculation steps. which properly simulates the effective stress-dependent nature of the shear strength at the soil-pile interface. The algorithm is then verified by a self-contained simple to understand simulation. A case history of two piles (one of them coated with bitumen) embedded in a consolidating soft ground is then back analyzed with the proposed algorithm. Fully coupled consolidation and geometric nonlinearity are also considered in the analyses. The transient response of the problem is investigated, including the development of dragload, downdrag, and neutral plane with time. The simulation generally fits well with the field measurements. Parametric studies of the effects of pile head loading reveal that the position of the neutral plane depends not only on the magnitude of the applied pile head loading, but is also affected when the load is applied with respect to the consolidation process.
VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF VITIS VINIFERA L. (CV. 'CABERNET SAUVIGNON') VINES GROWING UNDER NON-IRRIGATED CONDITIONS AND MODERATE WATER STRESS INDUCED BY DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS (2007)

ISHS International Workshop on Advances in Grapevine and Wine Research VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF VITIS VINIFERA L. (CV. 'CABERNET SAUVIGNON') VINES GROWING UNDER NON-IRRIGATED CONDITIONS AND MODERATE WATER STRESS INDUCED BY DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Material Challenges for Colloidal Quantum Nanostructures in Next Generation Displays (2020)

The recent technological advancements have greatly improved the quality and resolution of displays. Yet, issues like full color gamut representation and long lasting durability of the color emitters require further progression. Colloidal quantum dots manifest an inherent narrow spectral emission with optical stability, combined with various chemical processability options which will allow for their integration in display applications. Apart from their numerous advantages, they also present unique opportunities for the next technological leaps in the field.
Variation in stomatal conductance responses of cotton cultivars to high vapour pressure deficit under controlled and rainfed environments (2020)

Abstract Cotton is often negatively impacted by drought periods; thus, plant traits that alleviate the impacts of drought on cotton are highly desirable. The limited‐transpiration rate (TR lim ) trait under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) can conserve soil water and prolong crop physiological activity as water deficit progresses. The current research objective was to compare the expression of TR lim in cotton cultivars under variable VPD and temperatures by whole‐plant transpiration in controlled environments and by leaf‐level gas exchange measurements in the field. All cultivars expressed the TR lim trait in a controlled environment with high VPD at 32°C; however, at 38°C, only 5 out of 7 commercial and 2 out of 4 conventional cultivars expressed TR lim . Field trials during 2017 and 2018 showed all 4 commercial cultivars that expressed TR lim in a controlled environment at 38°C expressed TR lim, but shifts in VPD breakpoints were observed. Among conventional cultivars, 2 out of 4 expressed TR lim trait. Cultivars that expressed TR lim also delayed wilting under rainfed environments when soil water deficits developed and resulted in greater lint yields. Three commercial and two conventional cultivars that expressed the TR lim trait in field trials also resulted in greater predawn leaf water potential (LWP). Cultivars that expressed the TR lim trait had significantly higher lint yields only during 2017. This study indicates that the impact of TR lim trait on yield is relatively small in years with adequate rainfall.
Solvent effect on hydrogen bonding in supercritical fluids (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent effect on hydrogen bonding in supercritical fluidsRam B. Gupta, James R. Combes, and Keith P. JohnstonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 3, 707–715Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100105a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100105a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The demagnetizing field of a nonuniform rectangular prism (2010)

The effect of demagnetization on the magnetic properties of a rectangular ferromagnetic prism under nonuniform conditions is investigated. A numerical model for solving the spatially varying internal magnetic field is developed, validated, and applied to relevant cases. The demagnetizing field is solved by an analytical calculation and the coupling between applied field, the demagnetization tensor field, and spatially varying temperature is solved through iteration. We show that the demagnetizing field is of great importance in many cases and that it is necessary to take into account the nonuniformity of the internal field, especially for nonconstant temperature distributions and composite magnetic materials.
MAJOR, MINOR AND RARE‐EARTH ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS IN 25 ROCK STANDARDS BY ICP‐ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY (1994)

Analytical data for 31 elements in 8 Japanese, 12 South African and 5 Belgian Reference Materials of igneous and (meta‐) sedimentary origin are reported. These data have been obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP‐AES). For most samples, relative standard deviations are in the range 0.5–3% for major elements, 2–10% for minor elements, and equal to or better than 5% for the REE. Accuracies, as estimated from a comparison with recommended values, are about 10% or better.