gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safe semi-autonomous control with enhanced driver modeling (2012)

During semi-autonomous driving, threat assessment is used to determine when controller intervention that overwrites or corrects the driver's input is required. Since today's semi-autonomous systems perform threat assessment by predicting the vehicle's future state while treating the driver's input as a disturbance, controller intervention is limited to just emergency maneuvers. In order to improve vehicle safety and reduce the aggressiveness of maneuvers, threat assessment must occur over longer prediction horizons where driver's behavior cannot be neglected. We propose a framework that divides the problem of semi-autonomous control into two components. The first component reliably predicts the vehicle's potential behavior by using empirical observations of the driver's pose. The second component determines when the semi-autonomous controller should intervene. To quantitatively measure the performance of the proposed approach, we define metrics to evaluate the infor-mativeness of the prediction and the utility of the intervention procedure. A multi-subject driving experiment illustrates the usefulness, with respect to these metrics, of incorporating the driver's pose while designing a semi-autonomous system.
Our Experts Highlight the Most Important Research Articles Across the Spectrum of Topics Relevant to the Field of Hepatic Oncology (2014)

The authors compared the clinical impact of a 'best observed response' following repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) sessions to a on 'best initial response' in 322 patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and preserved liver function; with ≥1 liver lesion, ≥1 cm in size.They also evaluated the factors relevant to the decision for repeated TACE sessions prior to determining a 'best' response.Responses were measured using mRECIST and EASL and survival analysis was performed depending on the type of response obtained.After one TACE course, 51.2% of patients achieved an objective response (complete response or partial response) by EASL, and 53% by mRECIST.With a median of two TACE sessions (range 1-6), responders increased to 75.3% by EASL and to 83.7% by mRECIST.Multivariate COX analysis demonstrated that an objective response by both criteria was the best prognostic factor for overall survival (OS), with hazard ratios (HRs) that were lower than for those of initial responders (HR 0.45 by EASL and 0.24 by mRECIST, p < 0.001 for both; versus HR of 0.69 and 0.71, p = 0.05 in first responders).The size of the largest and second largest tumors were the parameters positively correlated with the number of TACE sessions required to achieve the best response (p < 0.05).The 'best response' during serial TACE rather than the initial response better predicted the survival of this patient population.
Numerical Investigation of Opposing Dual Sided Microscale Laser Shock Peening (2006)

Laser shock peening (LSP) is an innovative process which imparts compressive residual stresses in the processed surface of metallic parts to significantly improve fatigue life and fatigue strength of this part. In opposing dual sided LSP, the workpiece can be simultaneously irradiated or irradiated with different time lags to create different surface residual stress patterns by virtue of the interaction between the opposing shock waves. In this work, a finite element model, in which the hydrodynamic behavior of the material and the deviatoric behavior including work hardening and strain rate effects were considered, was applied to predict residual stress distributions in the processed surface induced under various conditions of the opposing dual sided microscale laser shock peening. Thus the shock waves from each surface will interact in different ways through the thickness resulting in more complex residual stress profiles. Additionally, when treating a thin section, opposing dual sided peening is expected to avoid harmful effects such as spalling and fracture because the pressures on the opposite surfaces of the target balance one another and prohibit excessive deformation of the target. In order to better understand the wave–wave interactions under different conditions, the residual stress profiles corresponding to various workpiece thicknesses and various irradiation times were evaluated.
The development of location based services in mobile commerce (2004)

With the more than one billion cellular phones in the world in 2002, joined by other wireless handheld computing devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs) and pocket PCs, there are significant opportunities for mobile commerce growth. Although mobile commerce enables access to goods and services regardless of the location of either buyer or seller, in many situations the specific location of the buyer and seller is critical to the transaction. A host of new location-aware applications and services are emerging with significant implications for the future of e-commerce. Much like the experience with the dot corn era, however, the development of location-based services has fallen somewhat short of expectations. In this chapter, we attempt to provide a realistic assessment of the potential for location-based services, examining the market opportunity, technological origins, likely services, emerging policy issues, and potential future directions.
DOES HANDWRITING REVEAL SCHOLASTIC ABILITY? (2014)

Writing is a complex process since it involves cognitive, perceptive and motor interaction. This study discovered the relationship of the fractal dimensions of the selected 15 students’ handwriting styles and their scholastic ability based on the OLSAT examination result. These students are made to write a sample sentence which is scanned using Canon Cano Scan Flatbed Scanner. Results reveal that there is a significant correlation ion the students’ handwriting styles and their scholastic ability. Result indicates further that the higher is students’ entrance exam score, the higher also is the fractal dimension of their handwriting. Likewise, the lower is their test score, the lower is the fractal dimension of their handwriting.
P‐73: Mechanical Assisted Corrosion: An Investigation of Thin Film Components used in Flexible Optoelectronic Applications (2008)

Abstract During flexible optoelectronic device packaging, acid containing layers initiate the functional failure of the underlying indium tin oxide film. We experimentally investigate the stressassisted corrosion cracking of thin conductive optoelectronic components. It is essential to understand the stress corrosion mechanisms in order to design highly durable flexible electronic structures.
An integrated breeding technology for accelerating generation advancement and trait introgression in cotton (2011)

With 2 figures and 4 tables Abstract We have developed an integrated breeding technology for cotton that can accelerate generation advancement to three or four times per year. This approach includes in vitro culturing of immature embryos into plantlets, which saves time because of no waiting for seed maturation. In addition to selection for kanamycin resistance and PCR identification of the gene of interest (here, insect resistance), we also incorporate methods such as plantlet grafting and growth regulation. In this way, embryos aged 20–30 days postanthesis can develop directly into plantlets in another 10–15 days. Here, kanamycin and PCR selection plantlets were grafted using a new and efficient technique called cotton joint graft, which can provide a reliable survival rate of 90–100%. Growth of the grafted plants was regulated for rapid development by adjusting the soil nutrients. We also treated the pedicels of hybridized or back‐crossed bolls with a mixture of naphthalene acetic acid and gibberellic acid to prevent shedding. Over the course of 1 year, we were able to produce three or four generations at intervals of about 90–120 days, i.e. from immature embryo culture through pollination and fecundation. Using this procedure, we transferred the Cry1Ac gene into three recurrent cultivars, ‘Han93‐2’, ‘Jimian20’ and ‘Nongda94‐7’. This was accomplished through four backcross generations and one cycle of selfing. BC 4 F 2 progenies were obtained within 1.5 years, with each generation being completed between 89.0 and 117.3 days.
Revealing the Calling History of SIP VoIP Systems by Timing Attacks (2009)

Many emergent security threats which did not exist in the traditional telephony network are introduced in SIP VoIP services. To provide high-level security assurance to SIP VoIP services, an inter-domain authentication mechanism is defined in RFC 4474. However, this mechanism introduces another vulnerability: a timing attack which can be used for effectively revealing the calling history of a group of VoIP users. The idea here is to exploit the certificate cache mechanisms supported by SIP VoIP infrastructures, in which the certificate from a caller's domain will be cached by the callee's proxy to accelerate subsequent requests. Therefore, SIP processing time varies depending whether the two domains had been into contact beforehand or not. The attacker can thus profile the calling history of a SIP domain by sending probing requests and observing the time required for processing. The result of our experiments demonstrates that this attack can be easily launched. We also discuss countermeasures to prevent such attacks.
Nucleophilic displacement reactions in aromatic systems. Part III. Kinetics of the reactions of chloronitropyridines and chloropyrimidines with piperidine, morpholine, pyridine, and aniline (1954)

N. B. Chapman and C. W. Rees, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 1190 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540001190
The economic burden of infections following intramedullary nailing for a tibial shaft fracture in England (2020)

Post-IMN infection significantly increases inpatient costs, LOS, readmissions and reoperations associated with tibial fracture fixation. Healthcare burden could be reduced through novel surgical site infection prevention strategies.
An approach to the understanding of the nasal early‐phase reaction induced by nasal allergen challenge (1997)

Quantitative determinations of the inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions were performed and correlated with the objective nasal symptoms within 1 h after nasal allergen challenge (NAC). Twenty-six patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were enrolled outside the pollen season. All measurements were performed before (as a baseline control) and at 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min after NAC. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenic mechanism of the early-phase reaction (EPR) by monitoring the evolution of early-phase mediators in nasal secretions and the presence of nasal symptoms during this period. The results showed that, after NAC, the maximal mediator concentration was already reached after 1 min for histamine (124 ng/g), 5 min for tryptase (56 microU/g), and 5-10 min for leukotriene C4 (40 ng/g). Itching and sneezing started as early as 20-30 s, and they were predominant symptoms within 5 min. Rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction started a few minutes after NAC and lasted until more than 1 h after NAC. There was no significant correlation between any single mediator and nasal symptoms during the sampling period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that during the EPR the presence of nasal symptoms involves a complex mechanism, reflecting the interaction between the mediators released by inflammatory cells, and the receptors on different target organs. When evaluating symptoms during the EPR, one must consider not only the severity of these symptoms but also the time period within which these symptoms occur. For the symptoms of nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, the early-phase reaction often lasted more than 1 h.
Descontrole, Sensores e o Atuador Interativo (2010)

O avanco da tecnologia digital provoca um salto nas possibilidades cenicas, incluindo-se ai o trabalho do atuador. A computacao fisica e sensores adquiriveis a um custo baixo e manipulaveis com computadores domesticos permitem criacoes cenicas ainda distante de serem devidamente pensadas. Nao se trata apenas de novos aparatos incluidos na concepcao cenica, mas na instauracao de uma outra maneira de se pensar criativamente levando-se em conta os recursos de interatividade. Isso permite um maior grau de “descontrole” pelo atuador por colocar a seu encargo as operacoes de luz, som, video, maquinas de fumaca, etc. integradas a seus movimentos, sons e posicionamentos previstos, sem a necessidade de manipulacao direta das ferramentas.
Evaluation of the reactivity and regioselectivity of superelectrophilic iodinating systems (2009)

Iodination of o-nitrotoluene in H2SO4 or CF3SO3H at 0°C with compounds having a nitrogen-iodine bond leads to the formation of isomeric mono- and diiodo derivatives whose ratio differs from the statistical value. The reaction of nitrobenzene with 2 equiv of N-I reagents in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at 0°C takes less than 1 min and yields 79–85% of m-iodonitrobenzene. The electrophilic reactivity of the iodinating agents was estimated by quantum-chemical methods.
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis Infection Promotes NF- κ B–Dependent Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells (2014)

Chronic infection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) has been postulated to be associated with several types of cancer, but its effect on patients' survival and host factors mediating its infection remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that M. hyorhinis p37 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues predicts poor survival and associates with metastasis. M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes gastric cancer cell invasiveness via its membrane protein p37. Synthesized peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of p37 prevents M. hyorhinis infection. Host Annexin A2 (ANXA2) interacts with the N-terminus of p37. In addition, EGFR forms a complex with p37 and ANXA2, and is required for M. hyorhinis-induced phosphorylation and membrane recruitment of ANXA2. M. hyorhinis infection is inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ANXA2 or EGFR, but is enhanced by expression of ectopic ANXA2 or EGFR. Downstream of ANXA2 and EGFR, the NF-κB pathway is activated and mediates M. hyorhinis-driven cell migration. In conclusion, our study unveils the effect of M. hyorhinis infection on gastric cancer survival and uncovers the mechanisms by which M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes cancer cell migration.
Sorption Kinetics of Organic Chemicals: Methods, Models and Mechanisms (1991)

Rate-limited or, nonequilibrium, sorption of organic chemicals by natural sorbents (i.e., soils, sediments, and aquifer materials) has been a topic of interest for quite some time. The impact of nonequilibrium sorption on transport of organic chemicals in the subsurface has recently come under increased scrutiny as groundwater contamination has become a major issue. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the rate-limited sorption of organic chemicals by natural sorbents. The proposed processes held responsible for nonequilibrium sorption will be presented, as will a discussion of recent experiments whose results provide elucidation of rate-limiting mechanisms. Several models have been proposed to simulate sorption kinetics, and the transport of solutes influenced by nonequilibrium sorption; these will be reviewed. A large array of techniques are available for the study of sorption kinetics. However, much of this work has been oriented towards the study of inorganic chemicals. We will discuss two techniques that, in addition to the standard batch time study, have received the greatest amount of use in investigating nonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals.
Aqueous arrayed imaging reflectometry as a sensitive platform for real-time biomolecular interaction analysis (2011)

Arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR) has been previously demonstrated as a highly sensitive biosensing technique, with picomolar limits of detection observed for certain cytokines and growth factors. However, the implementation of AIR has so far been on dry chip surfaces in an end-point sensor format that precludes real-time monitoring of interactions. The simple substrate format used for dry AIR (a thermally grown oxide film on silicon) is unsuitable for imaging in an aqueous medium due to near grazing angles of incidence required to achieve total destructive interference of reflected light, the foundation of AIR. Hence, a new substrate was identified that would allow practically realizable incidence angles. Here, the substrate proposed for AIR imaging under an aqueous environment has been described, and its ability to detect Angstrom level thickness differences has been demonstrated. This substrate consisted of a two-layer stack on silicon: a silicon nitride film followed by a sputtered oxide film, which produced the total destructive interference condition required for AIR for an operating wavelength of 632.8 nm and an angle of incidence of ~52&deg;. The apparatus used for imaging substrates in an aqueous environment was essentially the same as that used for dry AIR, modified by the incorporation of a flow cell. Several chips were patterned with oxide posts such that the background yielded minimum reflectance while the post heights were varied to test the thickness sensitivity of the new sensor configuration. Detectable contrast from substrates bearing oxide posts with a 0.2 nm thickness was observed using pure water or aqueous solutions of sucrose. This substrate can thus be used to monitor biomolecular interactions in real time with a high sensitivity.
A microfluidic impedance flow cytometer for identification of differentiation state of stem cells (2013)

This paper presents a microfluidic electrical impedance flow cytometer (FC) for identifying the differentiation state of single stem cells. This device is comprised of a novel dual micropore design, which not only enhances the processing throughput, but also allows the associated electrodes to be used as a reference for one another. A signal processing algorithm, based on the support vector machine (SVM) theory, and a data classification method were developed to automate the identification of sample types and cell differentiation state based on measured impedance values. The device itself was fabricated using a combination of standard and soft lithography techniques to generate a PDMS-gold electrode construct. Experimental testing with non-biological particles and mouse embryonic carcinoma cells (P19, undifferentiated and differentiated) was carried out using a range of excitation frequencies. The effects of the frequency and the interrogation parameters on sample identification performance were investigated. It was found that the real and imaginary part of the detected impedance signal were adequate for distinguishing the undifferentiated P19 cells from non-biological polystyrene beads at all tested frequencies. A higher frequency and an opacity index were required to resolve the undifferentiated and differentiated P19 cells by capturing capacitive changes in electrophysiological properties arising from differentiation. The experimental results demonstrated salient accuracy of the device and algorithm, and established its feasibility for non-invasive, label-free identification of the differentiation state of the stem cells.
In vitro evaluation of the acetabular cup primary stability by impact analysis (2015)

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Optimization of photorefractive polymers doped with styrene-based chromophores (2001)

We present a study on the effects of the dark conductivity on the photorefractive performance of polymers doped with styrene-based chromophores. We find that reducing dark conductivity in such composites increases diffraction efficiency and at the same time decreases the response time. We use a polymer composite based on a polyvinylcarbazole matrix doped with 4-Homopiperidinobenzylidenemalononitrile (7- DCST), sensitized with C<SUB>60</SUB>, and plasticized with N- ethylcarbazole (ECZ) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). The reduction of the dark conductivity is achieved by coating one of the electrodes with a SiO blocking layer.
A Simple Form of the Nagel Anomaloscope (1945)

In this simplified anomaloscope the scattering of light by a turbid medium is used to obtain the mixture of two colours required to match a given colour. Light is passed through juxtaposed coloured filters to fall on a slab of Diffusalyte glass, the scattered mixed light emerging from the edge of the slab. A second slab is similarly illuminated by light of the colour to be matched, and the two adjacent fields varied by suitable slides, the first in colour, the second in brightness, until they match. Two forms are described, a laboratory type and a `pocket' type.
Treatment of acne with topical antibiotics (1977)

The introduction of topical antibiotics for acne vulgaris has ushered in a new era in the treatment of this troublesome disorder. Tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin can now be prepared in lotion form in vehicles that are capable of carrying the antibiotic into the follicular canal, where the primary lesion of acne occurs. Topical antibiotics are practically as effective as oral antibiotics in treating acne and are particularly useful for mild papular acne of puberty and early adolescence and papular-pustular acne of adult women. Use of topical antibiotics avoids the possibility of the adverse effects of systemic therapy; the side effects from the formulations reported here are negligible. Above all, antibiotic lotions do not produce the dryness and scaling that occur with most other topical acne preparations.
STFlow: Self-Taught Optical Flow Estimation Using Pseudo Labels (2020)

The Deep learning of optical flow has been an active area for its empirical success. For the difficulty of obtaining accurate dense correspondence labels, unsupervised learning of optical flow has drawn more and more attention, while the accuracy is still far from satisfaction. By holding the philosophy that better estimation models can be trained with betterapproximated labels, which in turn can be obtained from better estimation models, we propose a self-taught learning framework to continually improve the accuracy using self-generated pseudo labels. The estimated optical flow is first filtered by bidirectional flow consistency validation and occlusion-aware dense labels are then generated by edge-aware interpolation from selected sparse matches. Moreover, by combining reconstruction loss with regression loss on the generated pseudo labels, the performance is further improved. The experimental results demonstrate that our models achieve state-of-the-art results among unsupervised methods on the public KITTI, MPI-Sintel and Flying Chairs datasets.