gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Military Service in Vietnam: A Case-Control Study (1987)

A case-control study was conducted in men who were of draftable age during the Vietnam conflict to examine the association of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) with military service in Vietnam as well as other host and environmental risk factors. A total of 217 STS cases selected from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were compared to 599 controls for Vietnam service, occupational and nonoccupational exposure to various chemicals, occupational history, medical history, and life-style (smoking, alcohol, coffee, etc.). Military service information was verified by a review of the patient's military personnel records. Other information was ascertained from a telephone interview with either subjects or their next of kin. Cases and controls were stratified on the basis of the hospital type (civilian, Veterans Administration, and military); the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (OR), adjusted for the effects of the stratification variable, was calculated. Vietnam veterans in general did not have an increased risk of STS when compared to those men who had never been in Vietnam (OR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.36). Subgroups of Vietnam veterans who had higher estimated opportunities for Agent Orange exposure seemed to be at greater risk of STSs when their counterparts in Vietnam were taken as a reference group. However, this risk was not statistically significant.
Analyse génétique de la résistance aux infections (1988)

Analyse gntique de la rsistance aux infections L'analyse des gnes gouvernant le niveau de rsistance de l'hte aux micro-organismes pathognes est grandement facilite par l'tude de diffrents types de lignes gntiquement dfinies de souris. Le but ultime de cette recherche est, sachant prdire la prdisposition certaines infections, de pouvoir proposer des mesures prventives, vaccinales ou autres, adaptes chaque cas.
Use of Internal Fiducial Markers in Frameless Stereotactic Navigational Systems during Spinal Surgery: Technical Note (2000)

Implantation of fiducial markers during Stage 1 of a complex staged spinal surgery renders the frameless stereotactic navigational system registration extremely fast and accurate. We advocate the technique to enhance the use of frameless navigational systems for reliable and quick registration of the spine.
Supplementary Data from Combined Inhibition of STAT3 and DNA Repair in Palbociclib-Resistant ER-Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from Combined Inhibition of STAT3 and DNA Repair in Palbociclib-Resistant ER-Positive Breast Cancer
Annotation: PANDAS: a model for human autoimmune disease (2004)

While PANDAS remains a controversial diagnostic concept, it has stimulated new research endeavors into the possible links between bacterial pathogens, autoimmune reactions, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Assessing Microalgal Biodiesel Sustainability via MCI and LCA Frameworks (2018)

Natural resource extraction have increased three folds during the last four decades. Of which, economic development has been its main driving factor. Ensuring material security and environmental sustainability is of utmost importance for a sustainable economic growth. Circular economy addresses this challenge, via promoting reutilization of a product's components and promoting value durability. It promotes a closed loop economy which reduces virgin resource extraction and promotes recycling. The energy requirement for this economic system will require energy sources of high recycling potential. A good candidate may be found in biofuels, because of its quick reutilization of the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Currently, one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuels is microalgae. It has the capacity to grow in non-arable land and produce significant amounts of oil per hectare. Several studies have assessed the environmental impact of its production, but none has considered its applicability in a circular economy. In this paper, we propose the frameworks of life cycle assessment and the material circularity indicator by the Ellen MacArthur foundation to assess the applicability of microalgal biodiesel in a circular economy. We utilized the life cycle assessment frameworks in assessing the feedstock's impact to global warming, resource depletion, and bulk waste, while the material circularity indicator is utilized to quantify its reutilization. Comparison was carried out to jatropha biodiesel as a reference feedstock due to its similar popularity. The results of the study can provide new perspectives on how to promote microalgal biodiesel in a circular economy.
Abnormal Schwann Cell‐Axon Interactions in CMT Neuropathies: The Effects of Mutant Schwann Cells on the Axonal Cytoskeleton and Regeneration‐Associated Myelination (1999)

Preferential distal axonal loss is a common feature of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) hereditary neuropathies. The general hypothesis tested here is that the axonal loss in these disorders is due to perturbed Schwann cell-axon interactions resulting from primary Schwann genetic defects. The nerve xenograft model was used to study the local influence of mutant Schwann cells derived from patients on axonal properties and the regeneration-associated myelination process. Sural nerve segments from individuals with PMP22 duplications or deletions and point mutations, as well as Cx32 point mutations were grafted into cut ends of the sciatic nerve of nude mice and studied at different time intervals after grafting. CMT1A and CMTX xenografts examined at 16 weeks show that the nude mouse axons within the proximal part of grafts demonstrate a significant increase in axonal area with an increase in the neurofilament and membranous organelle density compared to distal graft and distal host segments. A preferential distal axonal loss associated with a perpetual axonal atrophy, degeneration, and axonal sprouting was observed over time with increasing frequency at 8 to 16 weeks. A distal summation of the pathology, as evidenced by a greater amount of fiber loss in the distal graft segments, was present similar to that observed in patients. These alterations were seen to a lesser extent in PMP22 deletion or point mutation xenografts and were not observed in controls. Collectively, these findings show that Schwann cells bearing the PMP22 or Cx32 genetic defects cause major perturbations in Schwann cell-axon interactions emphasizing the role of axonal component in the pathogenesis of hereditary neuropathies.
Cosmology of Einstein’s NOW (2016)

Bijective epistemology results confirm models of “space-time” and “empty” space have no counterpart in physical universe. Time is a numerical order of material changes, i.e. motion in universal space where time is not its 4th dimension. NASA results confirm universal space is “flat”, means it corresponds to the Euclidean geometry. Riemann finite geometry seems not to be an adequate model of universal space. The only possible alternative is infinite Euclidean universal space which has origin in quantum vacuum where is always NOW. Universe does not run in time, on the contrary: time is a numerical order of material changes, i.e. motion which run in quantum vacuum.
A measurement-based channel model for vehicular communications in tunnels (2014)

In this paper, we present a new version of the iterative nonlinear least square approximation (INLSA) algorithm for the design of measurement-based channel simulators. The proposed method aims to match the time-variant impulse response (TVIR) of the simulation model to that of the measured channel. The propagation delays are discerned directly from the measurements, whereas the gains, the Doppler frequencies, and the phases are computed iteratively by minimizing a matching error norm. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of the approximation of the transfer function and correlation properties of the measured channel. We demonstrate how the resulting channel simulator can be deployed for a more reliable estimation of the channel statistics. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method allows a precise emulation of the measured channel impulse response. Its remarkable performance and simplicity makes the proposed method a powerful tool for designing realistic channel models.
RESEARCH IN MODIFIED SIMULATED-ANNEALING GRAVITY INVERSION (2002)

Base on analysis of the drawback probably existed in VFSA(vary fast simulated annealing) algorithm, a modified one(MVFSA) is put forward. With model modification during gravity inversion iteration, the new one not only overcomes the gravity equivalence effect, but also improves the precision and the efficiency. The echelon unit with two vertical sides is given and the units in same layer are combined to a big unit in gravity forward calculation, so the precision and velocity for forward calculation are improved much more.The result of model test and field data procession, shows that the modified simulated annealing gravity inversion is effective.
Visualization And Analysis Of Three Dimensional Shape Change: Surgical Pre-planning, Implant And Prosthesis Design And Fabrication (2005)

Plastic and reconstructive surgeons, otorhinolaryngologists. orthodontists, and other practitioners that deal with construction, reconstruction. and esthetics of the head and face report outcomes using subjective anecdotal terms. supported by before and after photographs oftheir best case results. Similar case presentations can be found in any number of reports from other surgical specialties and disciplines in medicine. That 50 much of mediche. and the life sciences in general. have resisted quantitation and the development ofalogicomathanatical framework is not because it is too complex (all of nature is complex). but because qualitative and empirical deduction have provlded a sufficient fraroework for experimentation and prediction. New technology that allows for safe, rapid data collection is available which provides a new tool for morphologists. syndromologists. surgeons, and othersrequiringthree dimensional information onthe humanbody. The results ofthe use ofthis data collection technology is reported as is the development of a specialized software program, for measurement and surface quantlfication. called Lego. hgo in turn ls integrated MO CAD/ CAM soflware for implant and prosthesis desm and fabrication. Several case studies are presented.
Hydrogen bonding-assisted loosely packed crystals of a diaminomaleonitrile-modified tetraphenylethene compound and their photo- and mechano-responsive properties (2017)

Loosely packed crystals: Intermolecular-hydrogen-bonding assisted loosely packed crystals were constructed as multi-responsive materials with turn-on emission properties.
Guest Editor's Introduction to the Special Section on I3D (2018)

The papers in this special section are extended versions of four papers from the 2017 ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (I3D), the 21st conference in a series starting in 1986. I3D 2017 was held February 25th to 27th, 2017 in San Francisco, California, USA at the Intercontinental Mark Hopkins Hotel.
The Recycling of the Tetra-Pak Packages: Research on the Wet Process Separation Conditions of Aluminum and Polythene in the Tetra-Pak Packages (2009)

The recycling of tetra-pak packages composed of paper, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and aluminum is of great recycling significance. The recovering of paper, the major component, was conducted through a Hydrapulper apparatus. The wet separation conditions of the remaining part, a laminated sheet composed of LDPE (0.03 ~ 0.08 mm) and aluminum foil (0.02 ~ 0.03 mm)(Al-PE), was studied in this paper. The separation effect of different separation reagents was compared, and the major process influencing factors, such as the separation reagent concentration, reaction temperature, liquid to solid ratio and solid size was studied. By orthogonal design experiment and variance analysis based on three evaluating indicators, the optimum condition of aluminum and LDPE complete separation using methanoic acid as separation reagent was obtained: 4 mol/L of methanoic acid concentration, 601 of reaction temperature, 60 L/kg of liquid to solid ratio and 5 times 5 cm of solid size, under which the separation rate would reach 100%.
A Blueprint to Address Research Gaps in the Development of Biomarkers for Pediatric Tuberculosis: Table 1. (2015)

Childhood tuberculosis contributes significantly to the global tuberculosis disease burden but remains challenging to diagnose due to inadequate methods of pathogen detection in paucibacillary pediatric samples and lack of a child-specific host biomarker to identify disease. Accurately diagnosing tuberculosis in children is required to improve case detection, surveillance, healthcare delivery, and effective advocacy. In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop including researchers in the field to delineate priorities to address this research gap. This blueprint describes the consensus from the workshop, identifies critical research steps to advance this field, and aims to catalyze efforts toward harmonization and collaboration in this area.
Data Center Links Beyond 100 Gbit/s per Wavelength (2018)

Increased traffic demands within and between data centers now necessitate low-cost and low-power systems with per-wavelength bit rates beyond what can be easily achieved using conventional on/off keying. We review spectrally efficient links based on direct detection, Stokes vector detection, coherent detection and deferentially coherent detection for data center applications. We show that limited spectral efficiency and power margin will inhibit scaling of direct detection-compatible formats beyond 100 Gbit/s. Stokes vector receivers can provide higher spectral efficiency without requiring a local oscillator laser, but require power-hungry analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital signal processing (DSP). Similarly, existing DSP-based coherent systems designed for long-haul transmission may be excessively complex and power-hungry for short-reach data center links. We present low-power DSP-free coherent and differentially coherent alternatives that avoid high-speed ADCs and DSP and achieve similar performance to their DSP-based counterparts in intra-data center links and dispersion- compensated inter-data center links.
Publisher Correction: Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources (2018)

The original version of this Article contained an error in the last sentence of the first paragraph of the Introduction and incorrectly read 'A proper electron beam control is one of the main challenges towards the Graal of developing a compact alternative of X-ray free-electron lasers by coupling LWFA gigaelectron-volts per centimetre acceleration gradient with undulators in the amplification regime in equation 11, nx(n-β) x β: n the two times and beta the two times should be bold since they are vectorsin Eq. 12, β should be bold as well.' The correct version is 'A proper electron beam control is one of the main challenges towards the Graal of developing a compact alternative of X-ray free-electron lasers by coupling LWFA gigaelectron-volts per centimetre acceleration gradient with undulators in the amplification regime.'This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Developing consistently reproducible intervertebral disc degeneration at rat caudal spine by using needle puncture (2009)

After introducing an 18- or 21-gauge needle into the NP area of discs in the rat tail, the stabbed disc showed signs of degeneration in terms of MR imaging and histological outcome measurements. Changes in BMPRII expression in this animal model provide an insight for the effectiveness of delivering BMPs into the region responsible for chondrogenesis for disc repair. This convenient, less-invasive, reproducible, and cost-effective model may be a useful choice for testing novel treatments for disc degeneration.
Heart and Brain Interaction in Patients with Heart Failure: Overview and Proposal for a Taxonomy. A Position Paper from the Study Group on Heart and Brain Interaction of the Heart Failure Association (2017)

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple interactions between the failing myocardium and cerebral (dys-)functions. Bi-directional feedback interactions between the heart and the brain are inherent in the pathophysiology of HF: (i) the impaired cardiac function affects cerebral structure and functional capacity, and (ii) neuronal signals impact on the cardiovascular continuum. These interactions contribute to the symptomatic presentation of HF patients and affect many co-morbidities of HF. Moreover, neuro-cardiac feedback signals significantly promote aggravation and further progression of HF and are causal in the poor prognosis of HF. The diversity and complexity of heart and brain interactions make it difficult to develop a comprehensive overview. In this paper a systematic approach is proposed to develop a comprehensive atlas of related conditions, signals and disease mechanisms of the interactions between the heart and the brain in HF. The proposed taxonomy is based on pathophysiological principles. Impaired perfusion of the brain may represent one major category, with acute (cardio-embolic) or chronic (haemodynamic failure) low perfusion being sub-categories with mostly different consequences (i.e. ischaemic stroke or cognitive impairment, respectively). Further categories include impairment of higher cortical function (mood, cognition), of brain stem function (sympathetic over-activation, neuro-cardiac reflexes). Treatment-related interactions could be categorized as medical, interventional and device-related interactions. Also interactions due to specific diseases are categorized. A methodical approach to categorize the interdependency of heart and brain may help to integrate individual research areas into an overall picture.
Dissociation of Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Gas in the Presence of an Indoor Combustion Source (2001)

As an odorless, nontoxic, and inert compound, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is one of the most widely used tracer gases in indoor air quality studies in both controlled and uncontrolled environments. This compound may be subject to reactions with water vapor under elevated temperature to form acidic inorganic compounds such as HF and H2SO4. Thus, in the presence of unvented combustion sources such as kerosene heaters, natural gas heaters, gas log fireplaces, candles, and lamps, the SF6 dissociation may interfere with measurements of the emissions from these sources. Tests were conducted in a research house with a vent-free natural gas heater to investigate these potential interferences. It was observed that the heater operation caused about a 5% reduction of SF6 concentration, which can be an error source for the ventilation rate measurement and consequently the estimated pollutant emission rates. Further analysis indicates that this error can be much greater than the observed 5% under certain test conditions because it is a function of the ventilation flow rate. Reducing the tracer gas concentration has no effect on this error. A simple theoretical model is proposed to estimate the magnitude of this error. The second type of interference comes from the primary and secondary products of the SF6 dissociation, mainly H2SO4, SO2, HF, and fine particulate matter (PM). In the presence of approximately 5 ppm SF6, the total airborne concentrations of these species increased by a factor of 4-10. The tests were performed at relatively high SF6 concentrations, which is necessary to determine the interferences quantitatively. The second type of interference can be significantly reduced if the SF6 concentration is kept at a low ppb level.
HIV Antivirals: Targeting the Functional Organization of the Lipid Envelope (2018)

Most of the surface of the lipid bilayer covering the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle is directly accessible from the aqueous medium. Its peculiar chemical composition and physical properties appear to be critical for infection and, therefore, may comprise a target for selective antiviral activity. The HIV-1 membrane is enriched in raft-type lipids and also displays aminophospholipids on its external leaflet. We contend here that a great deal of membrane-active compounds described to block HIV-1 infection can do so by following a common mechanism of action: alteration of the lateral heterogeneity that supports the functional organization of the lipid envelope. The confirmation of this hypothesis could lay new foundations for the rational development of compounds with anti-HIV activity.
Panning for gold: Automatically analysing online social engineering attack surfaces (2016)

The process of social engineering targets people rather than IT infrastructure. Attackers use deceptive ploys to create compelling behavioural and cosmetic hooks, which in turn lead a target to disclose sensitive information or to interact with a malicious payload. The creation of such hooks requires background information on targets. Individuals are increasingly releasing information about themselves online, particularly on social networks. Though existing research has demonstrated the social engineering risks posed by such open source intelligence, this has been accomplished either through resource-intensive manual analysis or via interactive information harvesting techniques. As manual analysis of large-scale online information is impractical, and interactive methods risk alerting the target, alternatives are desirable.<br/>In this paper, we demonstrate that key information pertinent to social engineering attacks on organisations can be passively harvested on a large-scale in an automated fashion. We address two key problems. We demonstrate that it is possible to automatically identify employees of an organisation using only information which is visible to a remote attacker as a member of the public. Secondly, we show that, once identified, employee profiles can be linked across multiple online social networks to harvest additional information pertinent to successful social engineering attacks. We further demonstrate our approach through analysis of the social engineering attack surface of real critical infrastructure organisations. Based on our analysis we propose a set of countermeasures including an automated social engineering vulnerability scanner that organisations can use to analyse their exposure to potential social engineering attacks arising from open source intelligence.
Optimal rectangle packing: initial results (2003)

Given a set of rectangles with fixed orientations, we want to find an enclosing rectangle of minimum area that contains them all with no overlap. Many simple scheduling tasks can be modelled by this NP-complete problem. We use an anytime branch-and-bound algorithm to solve the problem optimally. Our main contributions are a lower-bound on the amount of wasted space in a partial solution, based on a relaxation of the problem to one-dimensional bin packing, and a dominance condition that allows us to ignore many partial solutions. For our experiments, we choose a class of increasingly difficult square-packing problems as a simple and easily-specified benchmark. The square-packing problem of size N is to find the smallest rectangle that contains the 1x1, 2x2, etc. up to NxN square. We find optimal solutions to