gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved prediction of carcinogenic potencies from mutagenic potencies for chemicals positive in rodents and the ames test (1995)

Most studies of correlation between logs of mutagenic potency (MP) and cancer potency (CP) have obtained relatively small but statistically significant estimates of correlation (r) and corresponding log-log slope (b, in Log[CP] = a + b Log[MP]). But for mutagenic carcinogens, multistage cancer theory predicts that b and r should be highest when MP values best estimate mutation yields per unit dose at concentrations at least as high as those observed to cause cancer in bioassay animals. To test this hypothesis, the correlation of Ames test and rodent cancer potencies was examined for a total number n of 134 chemicals reported as positive in both assays. Values of maximum significant cancer potency (CP, in [mmol/kg-day]-1) were obtained from a published carcinogenic potency database. Values of maximum mutagenic potency (MP, as revertants per mmol/L-plate) were estimated from 2,347 sets of Ames test data reported by the NTP mutagenicity testing program, supplemented by similar data newly obtained for ten heterocyclic amines. For compounds with one or more significantly positive MP estimates based on approximately linear Ames test dose-response data, linear regression of maximum values of Log(CP) on Log(MP) yielded b = 0.27 +/- 0.065 and r = 0.39 (P = 0.0001, n = 105), similar to previously reported results for relatively large n. As predicted, when MP values were additionally restricted to include only values estimated from Ames test data approximately linear at corresponding lowest-TD50 concentrations, similar regressions yielded significantly improved fits (e.g,. b and r approximately 0.6, P < 10(-7), n = 68). Implications of these findings are discussed concerning the quantitative role that mutations like those measured in the Ames test may have in explaining observed cancer-bioassay results.
Relative localization in802.1/GPSsystems (2007)

zonesorurbancanyons, whereobstacles shadowthesignals reception; inthese cases, itoften happens that less thanfourwhere iso frotheAPcanbe set o th saelt'suorne ar rcie. O h te ad urn wheretransmissions fromtheAP canbesent/received. Sothe satellite pseudo ranges arereceived. Ontheother hand, currentnewrachttuesoitdwthtutrdmdeanb 9~~~~~~~~~~~~~ network architecture associated withstructured modecanbe terrestrial positioning systems allow forgoodaccuracy when regarded asatype ofcell architecture whereeachcell isthe a large numberofshort-range measurements areavailable, BSSandeachBSSiscontrolled byanAP. whiletheymaynotguarantee a suitable precision inrural ad-hocmode:stations inad-hoc modecommunicate dienvironments (where satellite navigation systems behave optimaly).Thu, teiteratonflcalzaionandcomunia-rectly witheachotherwithout anyAP andwithin direct tionsfu . nTis, w lbintg aat ntageand s om both communication range. Thesmallest possible 802.11 network comone functions would bringadvants.es and synergizestobothisan ad-hocnetwork withtwo stations. Typically, ad-hoc networks arecomposed ofasmall numberofstations setup Inthis contribution, theterrestrial reference scenario isthe foraspecific purpose andforashort period oftime. Wi-Fi network. Withreference tothedifferent (three) typologies ofWi-Fi networks, weimagine that someWi-Fi terminalsms oe ehndsaefxdAsitronce
The Origins of Hydration Forces:  Monte Carlo Simulations and Density Functional Theory (1997)

The force between two infinite planar surfaces, interacting with the intervening solvent via a short-range exponentially decaying attraction and a soft repulsion, has been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory. In the former case, the intervening liquid is chosen to mimic water, whereas the density functional calculations has been applied to a nonpolar liquid. It was found that the most important feature of the surface−solvent potential, in terms of how it governs the solvation force, was its range. When the decay length was larger than about half a molecular diameter, a strong repulsion was found at short separations (<4 molecular diameters). The effects of using an orienting surface−solvent potential was also examined in the simulations and found to be of secondary importance. Some important conclusions may be drawn from this study. The first is that there is repulsive solvation force contribution due to the solvent, the range and amplitude of which strongly depends on the nature of the surface−solvent interaction. Second, repulsive solvation forces would also be found in nonpolar solvents, were it possible to construct sufficiently solvophilic surfaces.
An implementation of the flexible spin-lock model in ERIKA Enterprise on a multi-core platform (2016)

Recently, the flexible spin-lock model (FSLM) has been introduced, unifying spin-based and suspension-based resource sharing protocols for real-time multiprocessor platforms by explicitly identifying the spin-lock priority as a parameter.&lt;br/&gt;Earlier work focused on the definition of a protocol for FSLM and its corresponding analysis under the assumption that various types of implementation overhead could be ignored.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;In this paper, we briefly describe an implementation of the FSLM for a selected range of spin-lock priorities in the ERIKA Enterprise RTOS as instantiated on an Altera Nios II platform using 4 soft-core processors. Moreover, we present measurement results for the protocol specific overhead of FSLM as well as the&lt;br/&gt;natively provided multiprocessor stack resource policy (MSRP).&lt;br/&gt;Given these results, we are now in a position to judge when it is advantageous to use either MSRP or FMLP for our system set-up for given global resource access times of tasks.
Tagging of Endogenous BK Channels with a Fluorogen-Activating Peptide Reveals β4-Mediated Control of Channel Clustering in Cerebellum (2017)

BK channels are critical regulators of neuronal activity, controlling firing, neurotransmitter release, cerebellar function, and BK channel mutations have been linked to seizure disorders. Modulation of BK channel gating is well characterized, regulated by accessory subunit interactions, intracellular signaling pathways, and membrane potential. In contrast, the role of intracellular trafficking mechanisms in controlling BK channel function, especially in live cells, has been less studied. Fluorogen-activating peptides (FAPs) are well-suited for trafficking and physiological studies due to the binding of malachite green (MG)-based dyes with sub-nanomolar affinity to the FAP, resulting in bright, photostable, far-red fluorescence. Cell-excluded MG dyes enable the selective tagging of surface protein and tracking through endocytic pathways. We used CRISPR to insert the FAP at the extracellular N-terminus of BKα in the first exon of its native locus, enabling regulation by the native promoter elements and tag incorporation into multiple splice isoforms. Motor coordination was found to be normal; however, BK channel expression seems to be reduced in some locations. Alternate start site selection or post-translational proteolytic processing resulted in incomplete FAP tagging of the BKα proteins in brain tissues. In Purkinje cell somata, FAP revealed BK channel clustering previously only observed by electron microscopy. Measurement of these clusters in β4<sup>+/-</sup> and β4<sup>-/-</sup> mice showed that puncta number and cluster fluorescence intensity on the soma are reduced in β4<sup>-/-</sup> knockout animals. This novel mouse line provides a versatile fluorescent platform for studying endogenous BK channels in living and fixed tissues. Future studies could apply this line to <i>ex vivo</i> neuronal cultures to study live-cell channel trafficking.
Microscopic observation of the segmental orientation autocorrelation function for entangled and constrained polymer chains (2017)

Previous work on probing the dynamics of reptating polymer chains in terms of the segmental orientation autocorrelation function (OACF) by multiple-quantum (MQ) NMR relied on the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle as applied to normalized double-quantum (DQ) build-up curves. Alternatively, an initial-rise analysis of the latter is also possible. These approaches are subject to uncertainties related to the relevant segmental shift factor or parasitic signals and inhomogeneities distorting the build-up at short times, respectively. Here, we present a simple analytical fitting approach based upon a power-law model of the OACF, by the way of which an effective power-law time scaling exponent and the amplitude of the OACF can be estimated from MQ NMR data at any given temperature. This obviates the use of TTS and provides a robust and independent probe of the shape of the OACF. The approach is validated by application to polymer melts of variable molecular weight as well as elastomers. We anticipate a wide range of applications, including the study of physical networks with labile junctions.
Digital circuit applications of resonant tunneling devices (1998)

Many semiconductor quantum devices utilize a novel tunneling transport mechanism that allows picosecond device switching speeds. The negative differential resistance characteristic of these devices, achieved due to resonant tunneling, is also ideally suited for the design of highly compact, self-latching logic circuits. As a result, quantum device technology is a promising emerging alternative for high-performance very-large-scale-integration design. The bistable nature of the basic logic gates implemented using resonant tunneling devices has been utilized in the development of a gate-level pipelining technique, called nanopipelining, that significantly improves the throughput and speed of pipelined systems. The advent of multiple-peak resonant tunneling diodes provides a viable means for efficient design of multiple-valued circuits with decreased interconnect complexity and reduced device count as compared to multiple-valued circuits in conventional technologies. This paper details various circuit design accomplishments in the area of binary and multiple-valued logic using resonant tunneling diodes (RTD's) in conjunction with high-performance III-V devices such as heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) and modulation doped field-effect transistors (MODFET's). New bistable logic families using RTD+HBT and RTD+MODFET gates are described that provide a single-gate, self-latching majority function in addition to basic NAND, NOR, and inverter gates.
Characterization of rice KT/HAK/KUP potassium transporters and K<sup>+</sup> uptake by HAK1 from <i>Oryza sativa</i> (2018)

Plant high-affinity K<sup>+</sup> (HAK) transporters are divided into four major clusters. Cluster I transporters, in particular, are thought to have high-affinity for K<sup>+</sup>. Of the 27 <i>HAK</i> genes in rice, eight HAK transporters belong to cluster I. In this study, we investigated the temporal expression patterns during K<sup>+</sup> deficiency and K<sup>+</sup> transport activity of these eight HAK transporters. The expression of seven <i>HAK</i> genes except <i>OsHAK20</i> was detected. Expression of <i>OsHAK1</i>, <i>OsHAK5</i> and <i>OsHAK21</i> was induced in response to K<sup>+</sup> deficiency; however, that of other genes was not. Six of the eight HAK transporters-OsHAK1, OsHAK5, OsHAK19, OsHAK20, OsHAK21, and OsHAK27-complemented the K<sup>+</sup>-transporter-deficient yeast or bacterial strain. Further, the yeast cells expressing <i>OsHAK1</i> were more sensitive to Na<sup>+</sup> than those expressing <i>OsHAK5</i>. Mutant analysis showed that the high-affinity K<sup>+</sup> uptake activity was almost undetectable in <i>oshak1</i> mutants in a low-K<sup>+</sup> medium (0.02 mM). In addition, the high-affinity K<sup>+</sup> uptake activity of wild-type plants was inhibited by mild salt stress (20 mM NaCl); however, Na<sup>+</sup> permeability of OsHAK1 was not detected in <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells. The high-affinity K<sup>+</sup> uptake activity by leaf blades was detected in wild-type plants, while it was not detected in <i>oshak1</i> mutants. Our results suggest that OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 are the two important components of cluster I corresponding to low-K<sup>+</sup> conditions, and that the transport activity of OsHAK1, unlike that of OsHAK5, is sensitive to Na<sup>+</sup>. Further, <i>OsHAK1</i> is suggested to involve in foliar K<sup>+</sup> uptake.
A Unified Account of the Effects of Distinctiveness, Inversion, and Race in Face Recognition (1991)

A framework is outlined in which individual faces are assumed to be encoded as a point in a multidimensional space, defined by dimensions that serve to discriminate faces. It is proposed that such a framework can account for the effects of distinctiveness, inversion, and race on recognition of faces. Two specific models within this framework are identified: a norm-based coding model, in which faces are encoded as vectors from a population norm or prototype, and a purely exemplar-based model. Both models make similar predictions, albeit in different ways, concerning the interactions between the effects of distinctiveness, inversion and race. These predictions were supported in five experiments in which photographs of faces served as stimuli. The norm-based coding version and the exemplar-based version of the framework cannot be distinguished on the basis of the experiments reported, but it is argued that a multidimensional space provides a useful heuristic framework to investigate recognition of faces. Finally, the relationship between the specific models is considered and an implementation in terms of parallel distributed processing is briefly discussed.
Notes on &#x201C;a password-based remote user authentication scheme without smart card&#x201D; (2014)

Recently, Chen et al. proposed a remote user authentication scheme for non-tamper-proof storage devices like Universal Serial Bus (USB) stick. A little later, He et al. found that Chen et al.'s scheme suffers from device stolen attack, insider attack and lack of forward secrecy. He et al. improved the scheme by Chen et al. by presenting another scheme. Nonetheless, we detect some security problems in the scheme by He et al.. We show that He et al.'s scheme is vulnerable to off-line password guessing attack. Besides, an attacker can not only impersonate the user impersonation but can also establish a session key with the server, as a result, the scheme lacks proper mutual authentication. Further, the scheme does not protect user's privacy and a user cannot freely change his password at his will as password updating requires interaction with the server.
Pediatric Emergency Department Study of Cardiac Risk in the Novel Patient (PED SCReeN) (2016)

The EPs and PCs agreed on the evaluation and disposition of children at either low risk or high risk for an acute cardiac presentation in the emergency department. There was considerable variation in management recommendations in the intermediate risk children needing cardiology outpatient follow-up. We recommend the development and implementation of focused training modules on emergency pediatric cardiology and increased communication with pediatric cardiology to improve patient safety and resource utilization.
Research on Decision-Making Behavior of Social E-Commerce Marketing Subject (2021)

As a new value-added online business model in the field of e-commerce, understanding consumer behaviour in the interactive social e-commerce environment provides new opportunities for businesses to develop marketing strategies to increase profits. Aiming at the bounded rational behaviour of participants in social e-commerce, an evolutionary game model is constructed, this paper analyses the behaviour interaction and strategy selection mechanism between merchant’s choice of opinion leader, product recommendation and consumer’s purchase decision by evolutionary game theory, and further discusses it with numerical simulation. The results show that the bigger or smaller the proportion of the transaction, the smaller the recommendation cost and the bigger the psychological effect of the consumer, the faster the players reach the equilibrium.
Effect of bottom electrode on dielectric property of sputtered-(Ba,Sr)TiO3 films (2009)

( Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 ) TiO 3 (BST) films were deposited on (111)Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Al2O3 substrates by rf sputtering. By inserting a thin layer of SrRuO3 in between BST film and (111)Pt electrode, the BST films grew fully (111)-oriented without any other orientations. In addition, it enables us to reduce the growth temperature of BST films while keeping the dielectric constant and tunability as high as those of BST films directly deposited on Pt at higher temperatures. The dielectric loss of the films on SrRuO3-top substrates was comparable to that on Pt-top substrates for the same level of dielectric constant. The results suggest that the SrRuO3 thin layer on (111)Pt electrode is an effective approach to growing highly crystalline BST films with (111) orientation at lower deposition temperatures.
WT1 downregulation during K562 cell differentiation and apoptosis induced by bufalin. (2002)

K562 cell differentiation and apoptosis induced by bufalin might relate to the downregulation of WT1 expression.
Effect of methanogenic precursors (acetate, hydrogen, propionate) on the suppression of methane production by nitrate in anoxic rice field soil (1999)

Nitrate is known to suppress CH&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; production in anoxic soil. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism: redox shift; competition for methanogenic substrates by denitrifying bacteria; or inhibition by toxic denitrification intermediates (nitrite, NO, N&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O). Since recent studies have shown that methanogens and methanogenesis are not necessarily prevented in being active under positive redox potential, only the latter two hypotheses remain valid. In order to test which of the remaining two hypotheses better explains this suppression, we studied the effect of added electron donors (acetate, H&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;, propionate) on the suppression of CH&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; production in rice soil. Addition of nitrate to a methanogenic rice soil slurry completely suppressed CH&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; production. The addition of acetate, H&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; or propionate in the absence of nitrate stimulated CH&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; production. However, when they were added together with nitrate, CH&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; production was also suppressed, although the complete suppression of methanogenesis was shortened. Thus, addition of electron donors could not prevent the inhibition of methanogenesis by nitrate. We conclude that the main mechanism involved in the suppression of CH&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; production by nitrate is the inhibition of methanogenesis by denitrification intermediates rather than the competition between denitrifiers and methanogens for substrates. The duration of the suppression by nitrate was closely related to the ratio of electron donor to electron acceptor. The greater this ratio, the shorter the suppression, indicating that nitrate and its potentially toxic denitrification intermediates nitrite, NO and N&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O were then faster reduced to non-toxic N&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;.
Challenges in Building a Portal for Sensors World-Wide (2006)

SensorMap is a portal web site for real-time real-world sensor data. SensorMap allows data owners to easily make their data available on the map. The platform also transparently provides mechanisms to archive and index data, to process queries, to aggre-gate and present results on a geo-centric web inter-face based on Windows Live Local. In this position paper, we describe the architecture of SensorMap, key challenges in building such a portal, and current status and experience. 1
Modal characterization of rotors by unbalance response (2016)

A method for determining the complete modal model of rotors affected by gyroscopic moments is proposed. Unlike the case of conventional dynamic systems, the models of these rotors consist of three sets of parameters: the eigenvalues, or complex natural frequencies; the right eigenvalues, or modal forms; and the left eigenvectors. The proposed method has an advantage over existing methods in that it is based on the response analysis of the unbalanced rotor, and therefore does not require the use of special excitation devices nor mounting or dismounting the rotor in order to carry out the tests. It has been proven that although this method does not permit a complete description of the rotor dynamic at each rotational speed to be obtained, its modal parameters can be calculated via the synchronous component (1X) of the response related to the unbalance. The application of the proposed method is shown with an illustrative example based on the finite elements model of a rotor.
INITIATION OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATORS OF TRANSCRIPTION (STATs) FOLLOWING ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY (1998)

75 Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of latent cytoplasmic proteins that are activated to participate in gene control. In the liver STAT3 is activated by the cytokine IL-6 and induces expression of early genes in regeneration and in response to tissue injury. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, time course and magnitude of STAT3 induction following ischemia/reperfusion injury and its temporal relation to transcription of proteins involved in cell regulation and growth. Methods: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was performed in a syngeneic Lewis rat model. Group A livers were transplanted immediately with minimal cold ischemia time (less than 1 hour), or preserved in UW solution for 8 h ours (group B) or 12 hours (group C). Animals were then sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours post reperfusion. Hepatic grafts were processes for histology and nuclear extracts. Electrophoretic gel shift assays were performed for STAT3 with appropriate radiolabeled oligonucleotides. Specimens were analyzed at 24 and 48 hours with H&E staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry to look for cellular damage and division. TUNEL staining was performed for apoptosis assay. STAT3 target gene mRNA was assayed using Northern blot. Results: STAT3 DNA-binding activity was increased in the grafted liver immediately following reperfusion, showed an induction by 2 hours, with peak activity at 4 hours in all groups, with a lesser second peak at 24 hrs. The magnitude of activity correlated inversely to the length of cold ischemia. These early changes were accompanied by transcription of c-fos and JunB. While the STAT3 response was present in the minimally ischemic livers (Group A) BrdU staining did not demonstrate induction of cellular replication. In contrast, the STAT3 response following prolonged ischemia (Group B and C) was accompanied by apoptosis and a significant increase in BrdU uptake at 48 hrs suggesting cellular replication. Histology revealed no injury in Groups A and B with no apoptosis or mitose, however, Group C livers demonstrated severe zone 3 ischemic necrosis and scattered mitoses. Conclusions: The transcription factor, STAT3, is rapidly activated in the liver following transplantation. This demonstrates that ischemia/reperfusion injury results in the induction of DNA-binding factors, such as STAT3, which may be necessary for the transcription of proteins involved in cell regulation and repair, as well as regeneration, in response to injury. Prolonged cold ischemia may alter the pattern of response leading to insufficient repair mechanisms and may contribute to poor survival. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the liver's response to injury may help to target genes that can better promote repair and regeneration.
Land Application of Biosolids (2019)

This book covers the advantages, limitations and operational standards for common land application of biosolids practices, including uses on agricultural lands, forest lands, reclamation sites, and public and private use sites. It is useful to people in all aspects of the wastewater industry.