gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault detection and diagnosis of relative position detection sensor for high speed maglev train based on kernel principal component analysis (2019)

Relative position detection sensor of high speed maglev train is one of the most important sensors in train positioning and speed measurement system. There is a complex circuit structure inside the sensor. How to ensure the reliability of sensors is the key problem to ensure the safe operation of maglev train, it is necessary to detect and diagnose the faults of the sensor which has been replaced or just left the factory. Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is used to diagnose sensor faults in this paper. This method is based on sensor data. It has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and high accuracy. The simulation and experimental results show that this method has a good effect on sensor detection and diagnosis.
Prognosis of Fetal Parenchymal Cerebral Lesions without Ventriculomegaly in Congenital Toxoplasmosis Infection (2016)

The neurological prognosis of cerebral hyperechogenic lesions without ventriculomegaly in fetal toxoplasmosis infection may be favorable. The risk of ocular damage however remains high and unpredictable in the prenatal period.
DistView (1994)

The ability to share synchronized views of interactions with an application is critical to supporting synchronous collaboration. This paper suggests a simple synchronous collaboration paradigm in which the sharing of the views of user/application interactions occurs at the window level within a multi-user, multi-window application. The paradigm is incorporated in a toolkit, DistView, that allows some of the application windows to be shared at a fine-level of granularity, while still allowing other application windows to be private. The toolkit is intended for supporting synchronous collaboration over wide-area networks. To keep bandwidth requirements and interactive response time low in such networks, DistView uses an object-level replication scheme, in which the applicaton and interface objects that need to be shared among users are replicated. We discuss the design of DistView and present our preliminary experience with a prototype version of the system.
F221 Numerical Simulation of a Single Tube Oscillation Flow Steam Cycle (2013)

Numerical simulation of a single tube oscillating flow steam cycle is carried out Simulation model calculates the movement of gas liquid interface, thermal conduction and phase transition. Works and efficiency of the cycle and detail heat flows in a tube are obtained Evaporation and condensation take place at the same time, which is considered to be the major cause of energy loss. It is thought that there is large difference between the model and the real phenomena, especially during the heating and cooling processes.
Extraction of substernal goitre using an innovative vacuum device (2012)

The extraction by cervicotomy of substernal goitres may be impossible and sometimes requires the enlargement of the thoracic inlet with at least a sternal-split. We present the extraction of a posterior mediastinal substernal goitre with the application of an innovative vacuum-based suction device, previously used for the control of bleeding from the heart and great vessels in clinical and experimental conditions.
Effect of somatotropin on nonesterified fatty acid and glycerol metabolism in growing pigs2 (1992)

Eight crossbred barrows (71 kg initial BW) were allocated to two treatments involving daily i.m. injections of either excipient (control) or recombinantly derived porcine somatotropin (120 micrograms/kg of BW). On d 8 of treatment, beginning 15 h after injection, glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics were determined using a primed, continuous infusion of [2-3H]glycerol and [9,10(n)-3H]oleic acid. Kinetics were examined under both basal conditions and during a hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp. Plasma concentrations of NEFA and glycerol and their respective entry rates were highly correlated. Insulin had no effect on plasma glycerol or glycerol entry rate, probably due to the very low rates that were observed in both the control and somatotropin-treated pigs. However, both plasma NEFA and oleic acid entry rate were reduced during hyperinsulinemia. Although indices of fat mobilization tended to be higher in pigs treated with somatotropin, the magnitude of the increases were small and would be sufficient to account for only a minor fraction of the decreased lipid accretion observed in somatotropin-treated pigs.
ANTWEILER, Christoph. Inclusive humanism: anthropological basics for a realistic cosmopolitanism. Göttingen: V&R unipress; Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 2012. (Reflections on (In)Humanity, 4). 262 p. (2015)

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Mixed Reflux of Gastric and Duodenal Juices Is More Harmful to the Esophagus than Gastric Juice Alone (1995)

Reflux of duodenal juice in gastroesophageal reflux disease is more common than pH studies alone would suggest. The combined reflux of gastric and duodenal juices causes severe esophageal mucosal damage. The vast majority of duodenal reflux occurs at a pH range of 4 to 7, at which bile acids, the major component of duodenal juice, are capable of damaging the esophageal mucosa.
Plasma‐quenching efficiency of ablated vapor of polymer containing nitrogen atoms using inductively coupled thermal plasma technique (2011)

Abstract The plasma‐quenching efficiency of the ablated vapor of polymers containing nitrogen atoms was numerically investigated by the inductively coupled thermal plasma technique. Polyamide66 (PA66), which contains nitrogen atoms, was used as a polymer material, and was injected into Ar thermal plasma in a numerical simulation. The simulation model considered heating, melting, and evaporation of polymer powders, and then plasma‐quenching phenomena due to polymer ablation. The thermodynamic and transport properties of the ablated vapor were also taken into account. It was found that PA66 vapor has a greater plasma‐quenching efficiency than other polymer materials of PTFE, POM, PMMA, and PE. The calculated results were confirmed to be valid by comparison with experimental results in terms of the ablated vapor distribution and powder velocities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(2): 11–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21185
Arthritis in MRL/LPR mice and in collagen II sensitized DBA-1 mice and their use in pharmacology. (1987)

For assessment of anti-arthritic drugs, we used mice of the autoimmune MRL/lpr strain and DBA-1 mice sensitized with collagen type II. Our studies showed that in these two mouse arthritis models, unlike the classical rat adjuvant arthritis, the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds tested were either ineffective or minimally affected a chosen number of humoral parameters and the incidence and severity of arthritis. Interestingly, both arthritis models showed a distinct pharmacological pattern in response to the slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs, whereas steroids and cyclophosphamide inhibited both arthritic processes. Therefore, these two mouse models are useful for studying the immunopathological events operating in chronic inflammation and could potentially serve the characterization of new antirheumatic drugs.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of BRCA2 through Interactions with miR-19a and miR-19b (2016)

Breast cancer type 2, early onset susceptibility gene (BRCA2) is a major component of the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. It acts as a tumor suppressor whose function is often lost in cancers. Patients with specific mutations in the BRCA2 gene often display discrete clinical, histopathological, and molecular features. However, a subset of sporadic cancers has wild type BRCA2 and display defects in the homology-directed repair pathway, which is the hallmark of 'BRCAness.' The mechanisms by which BRCAness arises are not well understood but post-transcriptional regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to this phenotype. Here, we examine the post-transcriptional effects that some members of the six-miRNA cluster known as the miR-17/92 cluster have on the abundance of BRCA2's messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. We discuss two interactions involving the miR-19a and miR-19b members of the cluster and the 3'UTR of BRCA2's mRNA. We investigated these miRNA:mRNA interactions in 15 cell lines derived from pancreatic, breast, colon, and kidney tissue. We show that over-expression of these two miRNAs results in a concomitant decrease of BRCA2's mRNA and protein expression in a subset of the tested cell lines. Additionally, using luciferase reporter assays we identified direct interactions between miR-19a/miR-19b and a miRNA response element (MRE) in BRCA2's 3'UTR. Our results suggest that BRCA2 is subject to a complex post-transcriptional regulatory program that has specific dependencies on the genetic and phenotypic background of cell types.
The Reservoir-Wave Paradigm: Potential Implications for Hypertension (2008)

Consistent with a straightforward, time-domain interpretation of Westerhofs classic circuit diagram of the 3- element Windkessel, we have concluded that measured aortic pressure is the instantaneous sum of a constant (P∞), a Windkessel/reservoir pressure, and a wave-related pressure. According to our interpretation, the resistive element interposed between the left ventricle and the resistance-capacitance (RC) filter is, in fact, a hydraulic resistance in the proximal aorta that defines the wave-related pressure. The RC filter subserves the Windkessel/reservoir function and is distributed anatomically within the large arteries. The lower potential (pressure) of the RC filter (P∞) is not zero or even venous or mean circulatory pressure, but rather a higher pressure (∼30 – 40 mmHg) toward which aortic pressure declines asymptotically during diastole. As previously recognized, the Windkessel/reservoir pressure describes aortic diastolic pressure very precisely; in the new paradigm, the addition of the wave-related pressure provides the complement that describes systolic pressure equally precisely. This new interpretation has several potential implications for our understanding of hypertension. Diastolic hypertension would seem to be related most directly to alterations in reservoir pressure, particularly P∞ and reservoir resistance. Systolic hypertension may be a function of several factors: wave reflection, increased proximal aortic resistance, and decreased aortic compliance. Keywords: Impedance analysis, Otto Frank, wave intensity analysis, vasodilator and vasoconstrictor, wave reflections, timedomain analysis
Polymer Solar Cells Based on Alternating and Statistical 4,7-Bis(4-octylphenyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Copolymers (2009)

A series of copolymers based on variable contents of 4,7-bis(4-octylphenyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (1) and dioctylfluorene were synthesized by Suzuki, Yamamoto and oxidative coupling methods. The octylphenyl substituent introduced on 1 confers high solubility and enables high-molecular-weight polymers to be synthesized. Using the different methods of polymerization, the content of 1 may be tuned to cover the range of absorption profiles over the visible spectrum, and the sequence distribution can be varied from alternating to statistical. Suzuki coupling provided copolymers in which 1 is flanked by dioctylfluorene units and that exhibited a high quantum yield of photoluminescence. A corresponding alternating polymer, poly[dioctylfluorene-alt-4,7-bis(4-octylphenyl-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole], prepared by Suzuki coupling, exhibits a higher photoluminescent quantum efficiency of 0.54 in the solid state and small red-shifts of its absorption and emission spectra from solution to solid, indicating weaker interchain interactions. Polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction devices based on alternating copolymers provided an open circuit voltage of 1.15 V and a power conversion efficiency of 0.92%, much higher than statistical copolymer and homopolymer of 1.
Steady‐state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cysteamine bitartrate in paediatric nephropathic cystinosis patients (2003)

The results of this study establish that cysteamine is rapidly cleared from the plasma but that an every 6 h dosing interval adequately maintains white blood cell cystine content below the target of 1 nmol cystine per mg protein.
Numerical analysis of high-permittivity dielectric waveguide with periodic structure (2002)

The cylindrical dielectric waveguide with a periodically varying radius has been analyzed numerically. The leakage characteristics of the lowest TE-type wave are investigated for the high-permittivity cores. It is shown that the large leakage does not take place in the waveguide with high-permittivity core and the characteristics are influenced by the second lowest TE-type wave.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In‐line near infrared monitoring of esterification of a molten ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer in a twin screw extruder (2006)

Abstract Near infrared spectroscopy has developed in the polymer industry as a tool for in‐line monitoring of processes, particularly extrusion. However, little work is dedicated to the monitoring of chemical reactions involving polymer melts. In this paper, we examine the suitability of NIR spectroscopy for monitoring the chemical modification (catalyzed esterification) of a molten ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer by octanoic acid in a twin screw extruder. Extrusion samples are characterized off‐line, for calibration purposes, for the three species of interest (i.e. unreacted acid, OH groups, and ester functions formed on the polymer backbone) by means of two techniques: 1 H NMR, allowing all three species to be quantified, and residual (free) acid titration. However, the mass balance of free acid is not straightforward, due to loss of mass by volatilization at the vent. Therefore, 1 H NMR analysis and acid titration have to be combined to allow for determination of all concentrations. Multivariate calibration is implemented here to quantify and subsequently predict the analyte concentrations by using the NIR spectroscopic data. Our calibration, based on a partial least squares regression software, provides satisfactory results in terms of correlation between actual and predicted concentrations. This work demonstrates the potential of in‐line NIR spectroscopy for monitoring chemical reactions with polymer melts in extrusion. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1613–1624, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthetic Route Optimization of PF-00868554, An HCV Polymerase Inhibitor in Clinical Evaluation (2010)

This paper describes the optimization efforts to establish an enabling synthesis to provide multigram quantity of PF-00868554, an HCV polymerase inhibitor currently in phase II clinical evaluations.
Variability in the durability of CRISPR-Cas immunity (2019)

The durability of host resistance is challenged by the ability of pathogens to escape the defence of their hosts. Understanding the variability in the durability of host resistance is of paramount importance for designing more effective control strategies against infectious diseases. Here, we study the durability of various clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) alleles of the bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus against lytic phages. We found substantial variability in durability among different resistant bacteria. Since the escape of the phage is driven by a mutation in the phage sequence targeted by CRISPR-Cas, we explored the fitness costs associated with these escape mutations. We found that, on average, escape mutations decrease the fitness of the phage. Yet, the magnitude of this fitness cost does not predict the durability of CRISPR-Cas immunity. We contend that this variability in the durability of resistance may be because of variations in phage mutation rate or in the proportion of lethal mutations across the phage genome. These results have important implications on the coevolutionary dynamics between bacteria and phages and for the optimal deployment of resistance strategies against pathogens and pests. Understanding the durability of CRISPR-Cas immunity may also help develop more effective gene-drive strategies based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems'.
Combining acquisition and image processing methods to improve evaluation of arial wall scar patterns after pulmonary vein isolation (2016)

Background Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a therapy to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but suffers a >30% recurrence rate. Studies have shown that gaps in the scar pattern encircling the pulmonary veins are linked to recurrence. Co-registering angiography images of the atrial blood pool to late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) images of the atrial wall to determine scar pattern suffer from differences in respiratory positions and resolution between the images. In addition, current image processing methods are cumbersome and require multiple viewing angles of the left atrial wall to assess the degree of encirclement. The goal of this study is to use a single imaging sequence twice: first to acquire angiographic images of the left atrium, followed by a second acquisition to acquire scar images of the atrial wall. We also present a novel visualization method to easily quantify the degree of scar encirclement.
Decentralized Pliable Index Coding (2019)

This paper introduces the decentralized Pliable Index CODing (PICOD) problem: a variant of the Index Coding (IC) problem, where a central transmitter serves pliable users with message side information; here, pliable refers to the fact that a user is satisfied by decoding any t messages that are not in its side information set. In the decentralized PICOD, a central transmitter with knowledge of all messages is not present, and instead users share among themselves massages that can only depend on their local side information set. This paper characterizes the capacity of two classes of decentralized complete-S PICOD(t) problems with m messages (where the set S ⊂ [m] contains the sizes of the side information sets, and the number of users is n = Σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s∈S</sub> m/s, with no two users having the same side information set): (i) the consecutive case S = [s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> : s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ] for some 0 ≤ s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ≤ s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ≤ m -t, and (ii) the complement-consecutive case S = [0 : m-t]\ [s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> : s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ], for some 0 <; s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ≤ s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ≤ m - t. Interestingly, the optimal code-length for the decentralized PICOD in those cases is the same as for the classical (centralized) PICOD counterpart, except when the problem is no longer pliable, that is, it reduces to an IC problem where every user needs to decode all messages not in its side information set. Although the optimal code-length may be the same in both centralized and decentralized settings, the actual optimal codes are not. For the decentralized PICOD, sparse Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) codes and vector linear index codes are used (as opposed to scalar linear codes).
Sample preparation for space charge characterization (2002)

Charge trapping occurs at defects or insulator interfaces which have different permittivities and different conductivities. Independent of the charge injection technique (electron beam, corona discharge, poling, etc.) it is first necessary to remove the surface contamination before characterizing the bulk insulator intrinsic charging properties. Surface contamination may be due to handling, dust, adsorbed organic layers, condensed water, hydroxide and carbonate groups, surface diffusion and surface segregation. Dust can be removed by a gas jet directed at the specimen surface, but this often causes the insulator to build up static electricity and attract even more dust. Removal of the other contaminants requires cleaning of not only the whole sample (front, back and sides), but the fixture holding the specimen as well. In this work a frozen CO/sub 2/ cleaning process has been tested using Auger Electron Spectroscopy on a single crystal of MgO. The purpose was to compare the cleaning efficiency and the effect of the cleaning technique on the intrinsic crystal charging properties. It has been observed that MgO fired in air does not accumulate charge whereas it does when subject to atmospheric contaminants. All contaminated surfaces seem to contribute to charging. Testing the intrinsic property of MgO then requires removal of this contamination over the whole specimen and specimen holder surface (due to surface diffusion). Cleaning the single crystal MgO and specimen holder using a snow-jet CO/sub 2/ spray preceding electron beam exposure results in the crystal being able to fully dissipate the incident electron exposure.
A New Down Hole Tool and Approach To Release Differentially Stuck Pipe (2021)

Abstract A new down hole system and method to use for releasing stuck pipes is presented. New system design, features and limits are compared to commonly used techniques for releasing stuck pipe showing benefits of the new system when dealing with differential stuck pipe incidents. The new down hole system is capable to deliver much greater forces when compared to jars and other down hole accelerators near the stuck point. This system can generate over 40G`s lateral forces continuously down the hole acting on the stuck pipe area. The system can be integrated into a Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and activated once drill string become stuck or run as a part of the remediate assembly. Different aspects of two types of assemblies are described outlining the benefits and drawbacks. The author will discuss in details the background and rationale to the new technology, including a review of differential sticking challenges and functionality of this new system. The new system was compared to the most commonly used techniques for releasing differentially stuck pipe. Previously not releasable stuck pipe forces of over 1,000,000 lb. can now be overcome with the presented new approach to generate down hole forces near the stuck place. Flexibility in system integration and deployment allows for further optimization in BHA design and cost affective fishing operations in dedicated hole sections. This new approach can be implemented to release the most challenging stuck pipe mechanisms in drilling to minimize NPT and cost associated with stuck pipe, remedial operations and sidetracks. Similar approach can be utilized to release differentially stuck pipes, tubing and completions. The novelty of this stuck pipe release system is the entire down hole system and operations of the overall system using new approach to generate large shocks down the hole. Additional novelty is related to flexibility during integration and deployment of this system. Similar to current shock tools, this system can be placed in BHA, fishing type assemblies and also pumped down inside of the stuck drill string to save time and cost.