gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Throughput Analysis of Cerebrosides from the Sea Cucumber Pearsonothria graeffei by Liquid Chromatography—Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was one of the most powerful methods for identification and detection of chemical structures of lipids. In this study, the cerebrosides molecular species from the sea cucumber Pearsonothria graeffei (P. graeffei) were high throughput identified by liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). Cerebrosides were separated and purified by solid-phase extraction with chloroform-methanol solution. Precursor ion scan spectra and product ion scan spectra were obtained through auto MS/MS analysis in the positive scan. Cerebroside molecules were selected according to the neutral loss fragments of 180 Da, and then the structures were identified according to pairs of specific products of sphingoid bases and their precursor ions. Eighty-nine cerebrosides molecular species were identified, large amounts of d17:1-C22:0 h, t17:0-C24:1h, d17:1-C24:1h, d17:1-C23:0 h, d17:1-C22:0 and d17:1-C23:0 were present which have hardly found in mammal. There were 13 classes of long-chain base (LCB), and the ratio of phytosphingosines and sphingosines was roughly 1:9, in which two of the most common LCBs were d17:1 and d18:1. The carbon numbers of fatty acids (FAs) were mainly 18~24, while 24 carbon fatty acids were predominant. The ratio of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was about 2:3, and the percentage of hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) was over 60%. The ratio of non-hydroxylated fatty acid (NFA)/HFA was also approximately 2:3. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis should be useful for the structure determination of diverse cerebrosides molecular species. Meanwhile, this method provided a basis for structure-activity relationship studies and functional food development of the sea cucumber P. graeffei as well.
Supplementary Table 4 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics
Inactivation of recalcitrant protozoan oocysts and bacterial endospores in drinking water using high-intensity pulsed UV light irradiation (2012)

This constitutes the first study to compare the use of high-intensity pulsed UV light (PUV) irradiation for the novel destruction of harmful protozoan (Cryptosporidium parvum Iowa isolate) oocysts and bacterial (Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11178) endospores in artificially-spiked water where these organisms are resistant to conventional chlorination. Experimental results revealed that all three test organisms in their dormant recalcitrant state required extended levels of pulsing to achieve significant reductions in numbers compared to other similarly PUV-treated Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 that is a non-spore forming indicator of faecal pollution in water. 120 pulses at 900 V or 16.2 J per pulse (equivalent to a UV dose of 8.39 μJ cm−2) were required to achieve ca. 2 log C. perfringens spore numbers, whereas a similar level of PUV irradiation reduced both C. parvum oocysts and B. cereus endospores by ca. 5 log orders. A comparative ca. 5 log reduction of E. coli cell numbers was achieved after only 25 pulses at 900 V (equivalent to a UV dose of 1.74 μJ cm−2). A clear trend emerged where the order of resistance to PUV-irradiation observed was C. perfringens endospores &amp;gt; C. parvum oocysts, B. cereus endospores &amp;gt; E. coli cells. This study suggests disinfection kinetic data for the more resistant C. perfringens endospores can be used as a measure of estimating disinfection efficacy of PUV treatments for C. parvum oocysts in water, avoiding the need to use complex animal or cell culture infectivity models that are only available in specialised laboratories with highly trained technicians. This study will inform future studies exploring scale-up of PUV at waste-water treatment plants.
Antioxidant activity of Tahitian Noni® Juice in vitro and in human volunteers (2022)

Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been found to provide a wide range of potential health benefits. Among these are the reduction of free radicals and protection against lipid peroxide DNA damage in heavy cigarette smokers and athletes who had exercised to the point of exhaustion. These benefits have been observed after drinking a beverage containing a blend of noni juice from French Polynesia, Tahitian Noni® Juice (TNJ). To determine if TNJ exerts more immediate antioxidant effects, and under less extreme conditions, in vitro tests and a trial involving healthy young adult men were conducted. In this human study, volunteers drank 200 mL TNJ, orange juice or water following an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected before and 1 hour following ingestion of the beverages. Plasma and red cell lysate (erythrocyte) samples were measured for antioxidant activity potentiometrically. TNJ exhibited high in vitro antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power and lipid hydroperoxide scavenging assays. TNJ also significantly increased mean antioxidant activity in plasma and erythrocytes of healthy volunteers. The effect of TNJ in erythrocytes was approximately 4.6 times greater than that of orange juice. There were no increases observed in the water group. The results of this study reveal that TNJ can provide antioxidant benefits shortly after ingestion and under more everyday conditions, not only in extreme circumstances and when consumed repeatedly.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Autotransfer C−C Bond Formation: α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Primary Alcohols (2016)

A novel catalytic hydrogen-autotransfer protocol for the atom-efficient α-alkylation of ketones with readily available alcohols is presented. The use of manganese complexes bearing non-innocent PNP pincer ligands enabled the functionalization of a broad range of valuable ketones, including 2-oxindole, estrone 3-methyl ether, and testosterone. Mechanistic investigations suggest the participation of an intramolecular amidate-assisted alcohol-dehydrogenation process.
Detection of human brain cancer infiltration ex vivo and in vivo using quantitative optical coherence tomography (2015)

More complete brain cancer resection can prolong survival and delay recurrence. However, it is challenging to distinguish cancer from noncancer tissues intraoperatively, especially at the transitional, infiltrative zones. This is especially critical in eloquent regions (for example, speech and motor areas). This study tested the feasibility of label-free, quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT) for differentiating cancer from noncancer in human brain tissues. Fresh ex vivo human brain tissues were obtained from 32 patients with grade II to IV brain cancer and 5 patients with noncancer brain pathologies. On the basis of volumetric OCT imaging data, pathologically confirmed brain cancer tissues (both high- and low-grade) had significantly lower optical attenuation values at both cancer core and infiltrated zones when compared with noncancer white matter, and OCT achieved high sensitivity and specificity at an attenuation threshold of 5.5 mm(-1) for brain cancer patients. We also used this attenuation threshold to confirm the intraoperative feasibility of performing in vivo OCT-guided surgery using a murine model harboring human brain cancer. Our OCT system was capable of processing and displaying a color-coded optical property map in real time at a rate of 110 to 215 frames per second, or 1.2 to 2.4 s for an 8- to 16-mm(3) tissue volume, thus providing direct visual cues for cancer versus noncancer areas. Our study demonstrates the translational and practical potential of OCT in differentiating cancer from noncancer tissue. Its intraoperative use may facilitate safe and extensive resection of infiltrative brain cancers and consequently lead to improved outcomes when compared with current clinical standards.
Effect of age on stress induced changes in aortic distensibility (2009)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
A unique squalenoylated and nonpegylated doxorubicin nanomedicine with systemic long-circulating properties and anticancer activity (2014)

We identified that the chemical linkage of the anticancer drug doxorubicin onto squalene, a natural lipid precursor of the cholesterol's biosynthesis, led to the formation of squalenoyl doxorubicin (SQ-Dox) nanoassemblies of 130-nm mean diameter, with an original "loop-train" structure. This unique nanomedicine demonstrates: (i) high drug payload, (ii) decreased toxicity of the coupled anticancer compound, (iii) improved therapeutic response, (iv) use of biocompatible transporter material, and (v) ease of preparation, all criteria that are not combined in the currently available nanodrugs. Cell culture viability tests and apoptosis assays showed that SQ-Dox nanoassemblies displayed comparable antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects than the native doxorubicin because of the high activity of apoptotic mediators, such as caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In vivo experiments have shown that the SQ-Dox nanomedicine dramatically improved the anticancer efficacy, compared with free doxorubicin. Particularly, the M109 lung tumors that did not respond to doxorubicin treatment were found inhibited by 90% when treated with SQ-Dox nanoassemblies. SQ-Dox nanoassembly-treated MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice decreased by 95% compared with the tumors in the saline-treated mice, which was significantly higher than the 29% reduction achieved by native doxorubicin. Concerning toxicity, SQ-Dox nanoassemblies showed a fivefold higher maximum-tolerated dose than the free drug, and moreover, the cardiotoxicity study has evidenced that SQ-Dox nanoassemblies did not cause any myocardial lesions, such as those induced by the free doxorubicin treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that SQ-Dox nanoassemblies make tumor cells more sensitive to doxorubicin and reduce the cardiac toxicity, thus providing a remarkable improvement in the drug's therapeutic index.
Hardbound (2008)

The C programming language is at least as well known for its absence of spatial memory safety guarantees (i.e., lack of bounds checking) as it is for its high performance. C's unchecked pointer arithmetic and array indexing allow simple programming mistakes to lead to erroneous executions, silent data corruption, and security vulnerabilities. Many prior proposals have tackled enforcing spatial safety in C programs by checking pointer and array accesses. However, existing software-only proposals have significant drawbacks that may prevent wide adoption, including: unacceptably high run-time overheads, lack of completeness, incompatible pointer representations, or need for non-trivial changes to existing C source code and compiler infrastructure. Inspired by the promise of these software-only approaches, this paper proposes a hardware bounded pointer architectural primitive that supports cooperative hardware/software enforcement of spatial memory safety for C programs. This bounded pointer is a new hardware primitive datatype for pointers that leaves the standard C pointer representation intact, but augments it with bounds information maintained separately and invisibly by the hardware. The bounds are initialized by the software, and they are then propagated and enforced transparently by the hardware, which automatically checks a pointer's bounds before it is dereferenced. One mode of use requires instrumenting only malloc, which enables enforcement of perallocation spatial safety for heap-allocated objects for existing binaries. When combined with simple intraprocedural compiler instrumentation, hardware bounded pointers enable a low-overhead approach for enforcing complete spatial memory safety in unmodified C programs.
Asynchronous query mechanisms within the GRelC data access service (2008)

Grid applications need to access, integrate, manage and process huge amount of data stored within distributed and heterogeneous databases. In order to develop high level data grid services able to federate/integrate data sources, low level grid data access services must be very modular and extensible as well as very efficient and robust. In the last few years several projects provided different grid enabled services trying to face these important challenges. One of them is the GRelC Project which provides the GRelC Data Access Service solution to access both relational and non-relational data sources in a grid environment.

In this paper we highlight the asynchronous query mechanisms provided by the GRelC Data Access Service, a WS-I based and GSI/VOMS enabled data grid access service. We also report on the architectural design issues, one example of web enabled asynchronous query (HTML query), the user support, etc.
Comprehensive Understanding of the Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Aquatic Environments (2019)

The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene <i>mcr-1</i> has attracted global attention and raised serious concerns about its possible cross-environment dissemination. However, the systematic exploration of <i>mcr-1</i> both by monitoring and genetic dissection in aquatic environments has not been conducted. This study addresses the gap related to the occurrence and distribution of <i>mcr-1</i> in watersheds, eastern China. The results showed an abundance of <i>mcr-1</i> gene in four watersheds, and the highest level of <i>mcr-1</i> reached 1.8 × 10<sup>9</sup> gene copies per liter of water. Furthermore, the transfer frequencies of the plasmids in isolated <i>Escherichia coli</i> were 2.76 × 10<sup>-6</sup>-6.11 × 10<sup>-4</sup> within genera and minimal inhibitory concentrations of polymyxin resistance were 8-16 mg/L for transconjugants. Mass spectrometry data allowed visualization of the function of <i>mcr-1</i> expression, rendering bacterial resistance to colistin. The genetic details of six <i>mcr-1</i>-harboring plasmids in <i>E. coli</i> isolates of aquatic origin were obtained by single-molecule real-time sequencing. These plasmids were closely associated with <i>E. coli</i> strains of pig and human origin, supporting the concept of <i>mcr-1</i> dissemination across natural environments, livestock farms, and humans. In conclusion, this study provides the first glimpse of the profile of <i>mcr-1</i>-harboring plasmids and their genetic environment in aquatic ecosystems.
Influence of device self-heating on trap activation energy extraction (2013)

In this paper results obtained by drain current transients measurement on GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are presented. It will be shown that neglecting device self-heating effects during the calculation process can lead to an underestimation of said energies and to non-overlapping Arrhenius plots, when the emission time constants are extracted at different device dissipated power levels. Thanks to the estimation of the mean channel thermal resistance, thermal effects were taken into account by correcting the measured data. Higher activation energy values have then been extracted and a reasonable overlap of the Arrhenius plots was obtained amongst measurements carried out at different dissipated powers. The experimental results are also suggesting a novel method for the extraction of device thermal resistance, which yielded similar results with respect to other experimental techniques.
The first total synthesis of nhatrangin A (2013)

The first total synthesis of nhatrangin A has been achieved. Pivotal bond forming events in the synthesis include Brown crotylboration, olefin cross-metathesis, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and Yamaguchi esterification.
Relevance of Exhaust Aftertreatment System Degradation for EU7 Gasoline Engine Applications (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Exhaust aftertreatment systems must function sufficiently over the full useful life of a vehicle. In Europe this is currently defined as 160.000 km. With the introduction of Euro 7 it is expected that the required mileage will be extended to 240.000 km. This will then be consistent with the US legislation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to quantify the emission impact of exhaust system degradation, an Euro 7 exhaust aftertreatment system is aged by different accelerated approaches: application of the Standard Bench Cycle, the ZDAKW cycle, a novel ash loading method and borderline aging. The results depict the impact of oil ash on the oxygen storage capacity. For tailpipe emissions, the maximum peak temperatures are the dominant aging factor. The cold start performance is effected by both, thermal degradation and ash accumulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An evaluation of this emission increase requires appropriate benchmarks. For this purpose, an analysis of the emission impacts of ambient temperatures, driving modes and particulate filter regenerations follows. The comparison shows the severe impact of very low ambient conditions. Considering the high statistical relevance of catalyst degradation however, full useful life optimization requires special attention for Euro 7 gasoline engine applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Three Course Connections (2013)

Integrated Event Design (IED) capitalizes on three distinct courses to achieve a blended course delivery: Event Management, Research and Evaluation (for undergraduate students), and Experiential Education (for graduate students). Through the use of an event management company metaphor that fully integrates the diverse curricular concepts, course content is explored in depth, purposefully connected to real life, and occurs in an intentional sequence. In this article, we detail the course outcomes, assignments, assessment strategies, and benefits and challenges of a blended course delivery.
Clifford groups are not always 2-designs (2021)

The Clifford group is the quotient of the normalizer of the Weyl-Heisenberg group in dimension $d$ by its centre. We prove that when $d$ is not prime the Clifford group is not a group unitary $2$-design. Furthermore, we prove that the multipartite Clifford group is not a group unitary 2-design except for the known cases wherein the local Hilbert space dimensions are a constant prime number. We also clarify the structure of projective group unitary $2$-designs. We show that the adjoint action induced by a group unitary $2$-design decomposes into exactly two irreducible components; moreover, a group is a unitary 2-design if and only if the character of its so-called $U\overline{U}$ representation is $\sqrt{2}$.
Quantitative study of bundle size effect on thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2018)

Compared with isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), thermal conductivity is greatly impeded in SWNT bundles; however, the measurement of the bundle size effect is difficult. In this study, the number of SWNTs in a bundle was determined based on the transferred horizontally aligned SWNTs on a suspended micro-thermometer to quantitatively study the effect of the bundle size on thermal conductivity. Increasing the bundle size significantly degraded the thermal conductivity. For isolated SWNTs, thermal conductivity was approximately 5000 ± 1000 W m–1 K–1 at room temperature, three times larger than that of the four-SWNT bundle. The logarithmical deterioration of thermal conductivity resulting from the increased bundle size can be attributed to the increased scattering rate with neighboring SWNTs based on the kinetic theory.
Role of BRCA Mutations in the Modulation of Response to Platinum Therapy (2018)

Recent years have seen cancer emerge as one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide with breast cancer being the second most common cause of death among women. Individuals harboring BRCA mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancers. This risk is much greater in the presence of germline mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play crucial role in the DNA damage response and repair pathway, a function that is critical in preserving the integrity of the genome. Mutations that interfere with normal cellular function of BRCA not only lead to onset and progression of cancer but also modulate therapy outcome of treatment with platinum drugs. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional impact of some of the prevalent BRCA mutations in breast and ovarian cancers and their role in platinum therapy response. Understanding the response of platinum drugs in the context of BRCA mutations may contribute toward developing better therapeutics that can improve survival and quality of life of patients.
Organometallic chemistry under high pressure: Palladium catalyzed reactions of organotins (1991)

Summary The influence of high pressure (750 - 1300 MPa) on the Pd(0) catalyzed reaction of some organotins has been investigated. Thus, hexa-n-butylditin cleanly added to alkynes and 2, 3-bis(mmethylstannyl) propane gave a cross-coupling reaction with benzyl bromide without decomposition.
Exchange‐Biasing in a Dinuclear Dysprosium(III) Single‐Molecule Magnet with a Large Energy Barrier for Magnetisation Reversal (2020)

A dichlorido-bridged dinuclear dysprosium(III) single-molecule magnet [Dy<sub>2</sub> L<sub>2</sub> (μ-Cl)<sub>2</sub> (thf)<sub>2</sub> ] has been made by using a diamine-bis(phenolate) ligand, H<sub>2</sub> L. Magnetic studies show an energy barrier for magnetisation reversal (U<sub>eff</sub> ) around 1000 K. An exchange-biasing effect is clearly seen in magnetic hysteresis with steps up to 3 K. Ab initio calculations exclude the possibility of a pure dipolar origin of this effect leading to the conclusion that super-exchange through the chloride bridging ligands is important.
The impact of gate-induced drain leakage current on MOSFET scaling (1987)

Significant gate-induced drain leakage current can be detected in thin gate oxide MOSFETs at drain voltages much lower than the junction breakdown voltage. This current is found to be due to the band-to-band tunneling occurring in the deep-depletion layer in the gate-to-drain overlap region. In order to limit the leakage current to 0.1pA/µm, the oxide field in the gate-to-drain overlap region must be limited to 1.9MV/cm. This may set another constraint for the power supply voltage and/or oxide thickness in VLSI MOSFET scaling Device design considerations for minimizing the gate-induced drain leakage current are discussed.
Isoantibodies to Human IgM: Serologic and Immunochemical Investigations (1971)

Abstract A total of 378 serum samples was tested for anti-IgM activity using 15 different Waldenström's macroglobulins. For detection of the antibodies, a passive hemagglutination assay with CrCl3 as coupling agent was employed. Anti-IgM antibodies were found in 16 sera. The incidence was highest (7.2%) in sera from patients given multiple transfusions. There was no correlation between the antibodies and transfusion reactions. The antibodies were IgG class and were mainly directed against antigenic determinants requiring intact disulfide bridges for their expression. Some normal sera slightly inhibited two antisera. The relation of this inhibition to the possibility of genetic markers on IgM was discussed.
Five Hundred Patients With Merkel Cell Carcinoma Evaluated at a Single Institution (2011)

OS is a poor measure of the influence of MCC on life expectancy. The presence of lymphovascular invasion and clinically, but not microscopically, positive lymph nodes were associated with increased DSD. These factors should be incorporated into MCC staging and treatment recommendations.