gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Imaging of HIV-1 Provirus (SCIP) (2013)

Recent advances in fluorescence microscopy provided tools for the investigation and the analysis of the viral replication steps in the cellular context. In the HIV field, the current visualization systems successfully achieve the fluorescent labeling of the viral envelope and proteins, but not the genome. Here, we developed a system able to visualize the proviral DNA of HIV-1 through immunofluorescence detection of repair foci for DNA double-strand breaks specifically induced in the viral genome by the heterologous expression of the I-SceI endonuclease. The system for Single-Cell Imaging of HIV-1 Provirus, named SCIP, provides the possibility to individually track integrated-viral DNA within the nuclei of infected cells. In particular, SCIP allowed us to perform a topological analysis of integrated viral DNA revealing that HIV-1 preferentially integrates in the chromatin localized at the periphery of the nuclei.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibits Growth Factor–Mediated Cell Proliferation Through SHP-1 Activation in Endothelial Cells (2002)

Src homology 2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) is known to regulate signal transduction through the dephosphorylation of tyrosine kinases. In this study, we addressed the role of SHP-1 under tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation in endothelial cells. The addition of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (50 ng/mL) or epidermal growth factor (50 ng/mL) significantly increased thymidine incorporation and c-fos promoter activity, whereas TNF-alpha (5 ng/mL) attenuated these effects in human or bovine aortic endothelial cells. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, we confirmed endogenous SHP-1 expression and that TNF-alpha activated SHP-1. Importantly, overexpression of dominant-negative SHP-1 attenuated the effect of TNF-alpha on thymidine incorporation and c-fos promoter activity. In addition, TNF-alpha attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor- and epidermal growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of dominant-negative SHP-1 prevented this inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha. Taken together, our results suggested that TNF-alpha inhibited growth factor-mediated cell proliferation through SHP-1 activation.
Investigation of the strain inhomogeneity in ZrO2-(Y2O3) porous ceramics under “Brazilian” test (2020)

In this paper, a study of the deformation behavior of zirconia ceramics with porosity of 27 and 42% under diametral compression tests (the Brazilian test) using the digital image correlation method was carried out. Spatiotemporal patterns of strain localization across the loading axis of the deformed sample (εyy) are obtained. It was found that the strain in porous zirconia ceramics occurs macroscopically localized. With increasing porosity, the character of formation of spatiotemporal patterns of strain localization changes. The change in the rates of averaged accumulation of local strain εyy correlates well with the type of “stress–displacement” curves.
Delay Monitor Circuit for Sensitive Nodes in SRAM-Based FPGA (2018)

This paper presents a novel monitor circuit architecture and experiments performed for detection of extra combinational delays in a high frequency SRAM-Based FPGA on delay sensitive nodes due to transient ionizing radiation.
An all-metal field ion microscope (1965)

An all-metal field ion microscope of simple construction and using a dynamic gas supply is described. A fifteen-fold increase in image intensity has been obtained by the use of an aperture disk made from insulating material, with no apparent loss in image quality.
TROP2 is a major determinant of growth and metastatic spreading of human cancer (2007)

10510 Background: The TROP2 gene encodes a transmembrane calcium signal transducer, involved in the regulation of cell- cell adhesion. Methods: To identify the role of Trop-2 in transformed cells, we studied its expression pattern and function by DNA array and SAGE analysis, Northern and Western blotting, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and IHC in experimental systems and in man. Overexpression or down-regulation of Trop-2 and directed mutagenesis were used to identify its role in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Results: DNA microarray, EST, SAGE, RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis of human tumors revealed expression of the TROP2 gene in most cancers. IHC analysis of human tumors (1755 cases) revealed a corresponding overexpression of Trop-2 protein. Trop-2 potently stimulated the growth of tumor cells, whereas TROP2 siRNA inhibited it. Deletion of the cytoplasmic region of Trop-2 abolished the growth stimulatory capacity, as did mutagenesis of the S303 PKC phosphorylation site. Proteomic analysis showed that multiple PKC isoforms partecipate to the Trop-2 signaling network. In vivo imaging showed dynamic colocalization of PKCs and Trop-2 in vivo in membrane ruffles and podosomes. DN PKCs and siRNA abolished Trop-2-induced growth. Strikingly, comparative global gene expression analysis revealed that TROP2 was the only gene up-regulated across different metastatic models, tumor types and animal species. IHC analysis revealed a dramatic up-regulation in metastases from colon, stomach, breast and ovary tumors in man. To assess if Trop-2 may play a causal role in metastatic spreading, TROP2-transfected KM12SM colon cancer cells were orthotopically injected in nude mice. TROP2-overexpressing transfectants demonstrated increased metastatic potential to the liver. Deletion of the HIKE domain of Trop-2 severely diminished, whereas that of the whole cytoplasmic region vastly increased metastatic diffusion, indicating the existence of both metastatic enhancers and silencers in the Trop-2 cytoplasmic tail. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that Trop-2 is a novel, widespread, stimulator of human cancer growth and a unique marker and causal factor of metastatic cancer, and candidate Trop-2 as a target of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
AutoJoin: Generalizing an Example into an EDM query (2010)

This paper describes an implemented method to generalize an example tutor interaction into a query to retrieve similarly related sets of events. It infers WHERE clauses to equate repeated values unlikely to match by accident. The Session Browser [1] shown in Figure 1 is an EDM tool to view data retrieved by querying a database of events logged by a tutor. It displays retrieved events in a context tree of enclosing events, with a 1-line summary of the database record for each event. Figure 1: Event context tree highlighting two events selected by the user to AutoJoin This brief example occurred in an activity to teach children to ask themselves questions about the text they read. The first highlighted event summarizes a child’s multiple-choice response to a prompt to fill in the rest of a question about the text. The second event describes the child’s spoken response to a prompt to speak the completed question aloud. Often we want a query to retrieve examples similar to a current example. Complex queries are hard to construct, so we developed AutoJoin to generate them automatically. AutoJoin generalizes the two highlighted events into a query that finds “similar” cases, in this case a multiple choice step immediately followed by a free-form response step: SELECT * FROM multiple_choice_question mcq, sentence_encounter se WHERE mcq.activity_directory = se.activity_directory /* '..\data\stories\PROTOTYPE Country Mouse auto-questions new split screen' */ AND mcq.end_time = se.step_start_time /* '20090331103359' (03/31/2009 10:33:59 AM) */ AND mcq.machine_name = se.machine_name /* 'LISTEN07-211' */ AND mcq.story_encounter_start_time = se.story_encounter_start_time /* '20090331102336' (03/31/2009 10:23:36 AM) */ AND mcq.user_id = se.user_id /* 'mKJ9-5-2001-07-23' */; (The example here is simple for brevity; AutoJoin can generalize from more events too.) AutoJoin constructs a query as a join of the tables where the selected events were logged. It abbreviates each table by its initials, e.g. multiple_choice_question as mcq and infers WHERE clauses by equating field values that show up more than once in those events. The comments, in green, show which values it abstracted into variables; they help the user understand the query and fix over-generalizations easily by uncommenting.
Electroless deposition of metal nanoparticle clusters: Effect of pattern distance (2014)

Electroless plating is a deposition technique in which metal ions are reduced as atoms on specific patterned sites of a silicon surface to form metal nanoparticles (NPs) aggregates with the desired characteristics. Those NPs, in turn, can be used as constituents of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates, which are devices where the electromagnetic field and effects thereof are giantly amplified. Here, the electroless formation of nanostructures was studied as a function of the geometry of the substrate. High resolution, electron beam lithography techniques were used to obtain nonperiodic arrays of circular patterns, in which the spacing of patterns was varied over a significant range. In depositing silver atoms in those circuits, the authors found that the characteristics of the aggregates vary with the pattern distance. When the patterns are in close proximity, the interference of different groups of adjacent aggregates cannot be disregarded and the overall growth is reduced. Differently from this, when the patterns are sufficiently distant, the formation of metal clusters of NPs is independent on the spacing of the patterns. For the particular subset of parameters used here, this critical correlation distance is about three times the pattern diameter. These findings were explained within the framework of a diffusion limited aggregation model, which is a simulation method that can decipher the formation of nanoaggregates at an atomic level. In the discussion, the authors showed how this concept can be used to fabricate ordered arrays of silver nanospheres, where the size of those spheres may be regulated on varying the pattern distance, for applications in biosensing and single molecule detection.
Understanding Why Scientists Mix and Match Cells (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Exploring Hybrids Decoding Chimeras Comprehending Clones Discovering Cybrids Understanding the Uproar over Cell-Swapping Technology
Kinetics and Mechanism of Crystal Growth of Zeolite Omega (1989)

The change in morphology of crystals of zeolite omega has been analyzed with respect to the evolution of the concentration of aluminium in the parent liquor. In agreement with the overlapping principle, crystal habit is determined by the faces with the lowest growing rate. As [Al] decreases, morphology evolves from spheroidal to euhedral hexagonal passing through intermediate cylinder-shaped crystals. The growth rate of the (001) face presents an activation energy of 23 kcal/mol and is proportional to [Al]0.8. For the growth of the (hkO), surface the activation energy is 30 kcal/mol and the rate is proportional to [Al]1.6. These differences are attributed to the occurrence of different growth mechanisms on the two kinds of faces. The modeling of the crystal growth and the continuous feeding of the system by an aluminate solution allowed modification of the final <001> / <hkO> size ratio.
Radiofrequency energy harvesting system based on a rectenna array in urban environments (2017)

Energy harvesting has become very attractive due to the extended usage time of devices. Among several forms of recycling energy, radiofrequency (RF) harvesting has been suggested due to its wide availability mainly in urban areas. Its applications range from sensor nodes to charging low power consumption portable devices and depend on the amount of antennas. In this paper, we evaluate the feasible application of RF harvesting for charging a cell phone. To validate our analysis, we conduct an RF measurement campaign at four important locations in Brasilia, Brazil. Considering the average incidence of 11 dBm, we achieve the final value of 2.5 mW/m2. With an incident power of +10 dBm, only 2 rectennas per hour are needed to charge a cell phone whose battery is approximately 3.72 mWh. We perform a comparison between rectenna arrays and simple antennas directly connected to one external matching circuit, dismissing adaptive beamforming circuits as a way of avoiding intermediate energy losses. In order to apply RF energy harvesting in higher power consumption devices, we propose a rectenna array system which increases considerably the amount of recycled power. For both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) paths, harvesting systems based on rectenna arrays outperform standard antenna array based solutions.
Feedwater flow measurement and experience using clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flow meter in nuclear power plants (2006)

This paper addresses the feedwater flow measurement technology for the nuclear power plant using a clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flow meter (UFM) equipped with special mounting fixture, Wave Injector, for high temperature application. The velocity profile correction factor was determined for OPR1000 (Optimized Power Reactor 1000) feedwater flow based on the experimental data from the test facilities, the numerical simulation and the empirical data. Various activities were done to verify the performance of UFM such as the calibration tests, the reproducibility tests and pipe configuration effect tests. Uncertainty analyses were done to evaluate all the uncertainty- contributing sources and hardware characteristics and to find out the applicable uncertainty factors. Site tests were performed to verify the applicability and the reliability at the normal operating conditions of nuclear power plants. The results demonstrated that the UFM technology with Wavelnjector can be used for measuring the feedwater flow of nuclear power plants with approximately {+-}0.63% measurement uncertainty, and it is expected to recover the lost plant power due to the anomaly in venturi flow meter. (authors)
Low Temperature Oxidation of Silicon Studied by Photosensitive ESR and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (1976)

The effect of hydration of silicon oxide surfaces on the thermal oxidation process has been investigated, and the following three‐step model for the thermal oxidation of silicon has been proposed: (i) In the temperature range of oxidation up to 600°C the number of Si‐OH groups on the surface increases very rapidly with increasing temperature of oxidation, mainly due to the oxidation of Si‐H groups from the etched surface; (ii) at 600°–800°C there is a gradual dehydration of the oxide surface due to the transformation of Si‐OH into Si‐O; and (iii) above 800°C, the oxidation process is little affected by surface hydration but there exists an anomaly in hydration around 800°C.
Ultrasound doppler measurements of low velocity blood flow: limitations due to clutter signals from vibrating muscles (1997)

Skeletal muscles vibrate under sustained contraction, and generate low frequency side band clutter in the doppler signal. Both shivering in the hand of the operator and muscle vibrations in the patient itself give rise to the clutter. Clutter rejection filters are commonly used to remove the low frequency components, but the doppler signal from low velocity blood flow is then also lost. This paper describes a model for the pulsed wave (PW) doppler signal from vibrating muscles, reviews a model for the PW doppler signal from moving blood, and by comparing these models presents a theoretical minimum for detectable blood velocity in small vessels, being typically 6.4 mm/s for 6 MHz doppler. The limit has a nonlinear relation to the ultrasound frequency. The model also shows that the radial component of the muscle vibrations can be estimated from the phase of the doppler signal.
Folic acid analogs lacking the 2-carbon are substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase and inhibit cell growth (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFolic acid analogs lacking the 2-carbon are substrates for folylpolyglutamate synthetase and inhibit cell growthAndre Rosowsky, Ronald A. Forsch, and Richard G. MoranCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 1, 461–463Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00105a070https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00105a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cooling different body surfaces during upper and lower body exercise (1987)

The effect of varying the body surface area being cooled by a liquid microclimate system was evaluated during exercise heat-stress conditions. Six male subjects performed a total of six exercise (O2 uptake = 1.2 l/min) tests in a hot environment (ambient temperature = 38 degrees C, relative humidity = 30%) while dressed in clothing having low moisture permeability and high insulation. Each subject completed two upper body exercise (U; arm crank) tests: 1) with only the torso surface (T) cooled; and 2) with the surfaces of both the torso and upper arms (TA) cooled [coolant temperature at the inlet (Ti) was 20 degrees C for all upper body tests]. Each subject also completed four lower body exercise (L; walking) tests: 1) with only the T cooled (Ti = 20 degrees C); 2) with only the T cooled (Ti = 26 degrees C); 3) with torso, upper arm, and thigh surface (TAT) cooled (Ti = 20 degrees C); and 4) with TAT cooled (Ti = 26 degrees C). During U exercise, TA cooling had no effects compared with cooling only T. During L exercise, sweat rates, heart rates, and rectal temperature (Tre) changes were less with TAT cooling compared with cooling only the T. Altering Ti had no effect on Tre changes, but higher heart rates were observed with 26 than with 20 degrees C. These data indicate that cooling arms during upper body exercise provides no thermoregulatory advantage, although cooling the thigh surfaces during lower body exercise does provide an advantage.
Surface-wave radar and its application (2003)

Following a brief review of the problem of detecting drug-carrying aircraft approaching the United States from South America, a short description is given of over-the-horizon radar that makes use of radar pulses reflected from the ionosphere. An alternative, surface-wave radar, is then described beginning with the complete formulas for the electric field transmitted by a vertical dipole erected on the surface of the sea. The backscattered field of a small airplane and of a boat are calculated and the fields received by the array determined. Arrays of vertical dipoles are then described for sending radar pulses along the surface of the Gulf of Mexico.
Effects of Geometry of Wings Submerged in Turbulent Bluff-Body Wake (2022)

The effects of the aspect ratio, the sweep angle, and the leading-edge geometry of wings placed in a turbulent wake were investigated in wind-tunnel experiments at a chord Reynolds number of [Formula: see text]. The poststall lift enhancement due to the leading-edge vortex formation was studied at optimal locations in the wake. The effects of the strength of the leading-edge vortices, the ratio of the spanwise length scale of the incident vortex to the wingspan, and the degree of two-dimensionality of the wake–wing interaction were studied. The competition between the effects of the spanwise length scale of the incident wake and the strength of the leading-edge vortices determined the optimal aspect ratio, which was found to be around four. Increasing the sweep angle decreased the mean lift due to the decreased two-dimensionality of the vortex formation. Airfoils with sharp leading edge produced the strongest leading-edge vortices but further away from the wing surface, resulting in lower maximum lift. Relative to the performance in the undisturbed freestream, the increases in the stall angle and maximum lift coefficient were not significantly affected by the leading-edge shape.
Organization of the human pro-alpha 2(I) collagen gene. (1987)

Sixty kilobases of cloned DNA containing the entire human pro-alpha 2(I) collagen gene and 22 kilobases of flanking sequences have been isolated. Like the homologous avian gene, the 1366 amino acid residues of the human pre-pro-alpha 2(I) chain are encoded by 52 exons, whose relative locations and sizes have been determined. Analysis of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions have confirmed their exact lengths, as well as conclusively established the nature of five polymorphic mRNA transcripts.
Optimization of lambliasis microscopic diagnostics by the method of polarized fluorescence for patients with rosacea and urticaria (2013)

Introduction: There is little information about diagnosis of concurrent lambliasis in patients with rosacea and urticaria. We used method of polarized fluorescence to diagnose liambliasis, taking into account belonging of macromolecular structures of unicellular parasites Giardia lamblia to the optically active substances with the properties of liquid crystals. Material and Methods: Lambliasis was diagnosed on the basis of feces parasitological research and duodenal contents by methods of light and optic microscopy and polarized fluorescence in 105 patients with rosacea and urticaria. Research results were processed by the method of variation statistics in the Statgraf program by using Student's criterion. Results: Search results of lamblia in patients with rosacea and urticaria depended on the conditions of its holding, patients' preparation and from the previously received basic therapy if it consisted absorbents. Due to the fact that the fluorescence polarization as a physical method does not require the use of any generally toxic, dye-fluorochromes, qualitative cyto fluorescent analysis of lamblia in greeting microdrugs enables to distinguish vegetative forms of cysts. Conclussions: Polarized fluorescence method allows optimize the microscopic diagnosis of lambliasis, increasing its sensitivity. Previous preparation for the laboratory examination of Giardia lamblia is needed for the best exposure of vermin for patients with rosacea and urticaria.