gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-contained microfluidic systems: a review (2016)

Microfluidic systems enable rapid diagnosis, screening and monitoring of diseases and health conditions using small amounts of biological samples and reagents. Despite these remarkable features, conventional microfluidic systems rely on bulky expensive external equipment, which hinders their utility as powerful analysis tools outside of research laboratories. 'Self-contained' microfluidic systems, which contain all necessary components to facilitate a complete assay, have been developed to address this limitation. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of self-contained microfluidic systems. We categorise these systems based on their operating mechanisms into three major groups: passive, hand-powered and active. Several examples are provided to discuss the structure, capabilities and shortcomings of each group. In particular, we discuss the self-contained microfluidic systems enabled by active mechanisms, due to their unique capability for running multi-step and highly controllable diagnostic assays. Integration of self-contained microfluidic systems with the image acquisition and processing capabilities of smartphones, especially those equipped with accessory optical components, enables highly sensitive and quantitative assays, which are discussed. Finally, the future trends and possible solutions to expand the versatility of self-contained, stand-alone microfluidic platforms are outlined.
Very long-chainn-3 fatty acids and human health: fact, fiction and the future (2017)

EPA and DHA appear to be the most important n-3 fatty acids, but roles for n-3 docosapentaenoic acid are now also emerging. Intakes of EPA and DHA are usually low, typically below those recommended. Increased intakes result in higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood lipids, cells and tissues. Increased content of EPA and DHA modifies the structure of cell membranes and the function of membrane proteins. EPA and DHA modulate the production of lipid mediators and through effects on cell signalling can alter the patterns of gene expression. Through these mechanisms, EPA and DHA alter cell and tissue responsiveness in a way that often results in more optimal conditions for growth, development and maintenance of health. DHA has vital roles in brain and eye development and function. EPA and DHA have a wide range of physiological roles, which are linked to certain health or clinical benefits, particularly related to CVD, cancer, inflammation and neurocognitive function. The benefits of EPA and DHA are evident throughout the life course. Future research will include better identification of the determinants of variation of responses to increased intake of EPA and DHA; more in-depth dose-response studies of the effects of EPA and DHA; clearer identification of the specific roles of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA; testing strategies to enhance delivery of n-3 fatty acids to the bloodstream; and exploration of sustainable alternatives to fish-derived very long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
Structural and magnetic properties of mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles impregnated with iron oxide or cobalt-iron oxide nanocrystals (2012)

Magnetic nanocomposites of FeOx@SiO2 and CoFe2O4@SiO2 were prepared via a wet-impregnation route using mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a support matrix. The small pores in the matrix were exploited as nanocavities for controlled growth of the embedded oxide phase, initially examined by introducing different wt% loadings of FeOx in four different samples and sequentially treating them under oxidising and reducing conditions. Comparative examination of the morphological and structural properties of the FeOx@SiO2 compositions shows that a 17 wt% (nominal) loading of the oxide phase, a mixture of Fe3O4 (magnetite) and γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite), is fully embedded within the pores. The 60–70 nm dimensions of the SiO2 nanoparticles are visible in TEM micrographs which reveal a spheroidal shape. TEM also shows a ca. 3 nm size for the crystalline oxide particles embedded within, which agrees with the pore sizes estimated through porosimetric analysis. The measurements for field-cooled (FC), zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetizations, and hysteresis loops in the temperature range of 3 K to 300 K reveal that an enhancement in the density of magnetization is obtained for the 17 wt% FeOx@SiO2 sample following reductive thermal treatment. A CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite prepared with a nominal 14 wt% oxide shows comparable structure and morphology to the 17 wt% FeOx@SiO2 sample, yet superior magnetic properties. The higher density of magnetization in CoFe2O4@SiO2 is attributed to its 40% content of magnetic material in the crystalline phase, versus 6–8% in FeOx@SiO2. Efficient surface functionalisation with APTES, monitored by DRIFT-IR, implies that the magnetic nanocomposites could be used in bio-labelling applications. Data derived from Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption measurements, and TGA are also used to characterise the nanocomposite materials.
Prediction of lack of fusion porosity in selective laser melting based on melt pool monitoring data (2018)

Selective laser melting is already established as a commercial production technique. Some high-end users are, however, struggling with the complexity, consistency and cost associated with the qualification of high-end products built using the technique. In-situ process monitoring is a promising means to accommodate this issue, but quantitative correlations between monitoring signals and actual part defects have been lacking. In this paper, results are presented that have been obtained with an off-axis melt pool monitoring system on a 3D Systems ProX DMP 320 using Ti-6Al-4 V ELI. The focus is on the development of a method for predicting the presence and location of lack of fusion porosities as they can have a large impact on part quality and are not always easily detected post-build. The processed signals from the monitoring system are shown to have a high degree of correlation with the presence of lack of fusion porosities as measured by CT scans. A prediction sensitivity of 90% for lack of fusion events in the range of pores having a volume greater than 0.001 mm3, roughly equivalent to 160 μm in diameter, was obtained.
Structure and Biosynthesis of Amychelin, an Unusual Mixed-Ligand Siderophore from Amycolatopsis sp. AA4 (2011)

Actinobacteria generate a large number of structurally diverse small molecules with potential therapeutic value. Genomic analyses of this productive group of bacteria show that their genetic potential to manufacture small molecules exceeds their observed ability by roughly an order of magnitude, and this revelation has prompted a number of studies to identify members of the unknown majority. As a potential window into this cryptic secondary metabolome, pairwise assays for developmental interactions within a set of 20 sequenced actinomycetes were carried out. These assays revealed that Amycolatopsis sp. AA4, a so-called "rare" actinomycete, produces a novel siderophore, amychelin, which alters the developmental processes of several neighboring streptomycetes. Using this phenotype as an assay, we isolated amychelin and solved its structure by NMR and MS methods coupled with an X-ray crystallographic analysis of its Fe-complex. The iron binding affinity of amychelin was determined using EDTA competition assays, and a biosynthetic cluster was identified and annotated to provide a tentative biosynthetic scheme for amychelin.
Adding Transmitters Allows Unbounded Coded-Caching Gains with Bounded File Sizes (2018)

In the context of coded caching in the K-user BC, our work reveals the surprising fact that having multiple (L) transmitting antennas, dramatically ameliorates the longstanding subpacketization bottleneck of coded caching by reducing the required subpacketization to approximately its Lth root, thus boosting the actual DoF by a multiplicative factor of up to L. In asymptotic terms, this reveals that as long as L scales with the theoretical caching gain, then the full cumulative (multiplexing + full caching) gains are achieved with constant subpacketization. This is the first time, in any known setting, that unbounded caching gains appear under finite file-size constraints. The achieved caching gains here are up to L times higher than any caching gains previously experienced in any single- or multiantenna fully-connected setting, thus offering a multiplicative mitigation to a subpacketization problem that was previously known to hard-bound caching gains to small constants. The proposed scheme is practical and it works for all values of K, L and all cache sizes. The scheme's gains show in practice: e.g. for K=100, when L=1 the theoretical caching gain of G=10, under the original coded caching algorithm, would have needed subpacketization , while if extra transmitting antennas were added, the subpacketization was previously known to match or exceed S1. Now for L=5, our scheme offers the theoretical (unconstrained) cumulative DoF dI = L+G = 5 +10 = 15, with subpacketization SL=\binomK/LG/L=\binom100/510/5=190. The scheme's performance, given, subpacketization sL=\binomK/LG/L, is within a factor of 2 from the optimal linear sum-DoF. The gains stemming from this work come by a virtual decomposition of the fully connected cache-aided channel into parallel ones, which significantly reduces the required subpacketization
Optics and Spatial Vision in Children and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2010)

Purpose. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder, with an incidence in children now greater than 1%. Surprisingly, given the assumption that ASD impacts the processing of visual stimuli, systematic studies of even basic visual functioning have yet to be conducted on this population, and the limited available reports are equivocal. Here we conduct the first comprehensive study of the development of spatial vision and refractive status in this population. Methods. 44 children and young adults (age range: 3-22 years) with a primary diagnosis of ASD were tested with a battery of tests developed for an early childhood eye and vision screening program (Adams et al: VSS 07, 08). These included measures of visual acuity, alignment, stereoacuity, refractive error, contrast sensitivity (CS), and Vernier acuity. Children were tested monocularly and with optical correction if prescribed. Results. Children were very compliant with 95% completing all tests in both eyes. Compared to controls, 3-to- 6 year-olds (n =21) showed moderate deficits in visual acuity (M = 0.38 LogMAR; 20/48), CS (M= 53 CS units), Vernier acuity (M = 0.70 log min), stereoacuity (M = 2.28 log arcsec) and ocular alignment (31% failed). Older 7-22-year-olds (n = 23) performed even more poorly, showing significant deficits in visual acuity (20/94; 0.67 LogMAR), Vernier acuity (0.85 log min), stereoacuity (2.41 log arcsec) and ocular alignment (65% failed), but only a moderate deficit in CS (M = 56 CS units).Conversely, refractive error showed a relatively normal age distribution. Conclusions. Children with ASD are at risk for eye and visual dysfunction. However, given that most of these children had relatively normal levels of refractive error, the basis of their deficits appears to be within the central visual pathways and/or the visual cortex and is perhaps related to the neural origin of the disease.
Observations on the Cytology and Ultrastructure of the New Algal Class, Eustigmatophyceae (1972)

The zoospores and, to a lesser extent, the vegetative cells of six species of Eustigmatophyceae have been investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. Five species have lageniform zoospores with a single flagellum bearing a bilateral array of stiff hairs; this is directed anteriorly during swimming; a short basal body with no emergent axis indicates the basically biflagellate condition in these species. The sixth has the second flagellum developed as an emergent organelle; this is smooth and short with a long hair-point and is always directed laterally or posteriorly during swimming. A swelling is borne at the proximal end of the anteriorly directed hairy flagellum, even in the biflagellate species. The swelling consists of an expansion, Tshaped in cross section and layered internally, of the dilated flagellar membrane. The swelling is always closely applied to the cell membrane in the region of the eyespot. The eyespot is a large conspicuous orange-red body in the extreme anterior end of the motile cell; it is extraplastidic and consists of an irregular group of droplets, not bounded by a membrane either collectively or individually. The zoospores contain a single elongate chloroplast and the vegetative cells a much-lobed parietal one. The chloroplast in both the motile and vegetative cell contains three-thylakoid lamellae; endoplasmic reticulum bounds the chloroplast but is not in continuity with the nuclear envelope. Pyrenoids are never present in the zoospores but the vegetative cell always contains a unique form of pyrenoid; this is polygonal, projects from the inner face of the lobed chloroplast and is connected to the latter by a very narrow stalk. It is surrounded by flat plates of an unidentified photosynthate which appears finely lamellate after fixation. Thylakoids do not enter the pyrenoid matrix. The nucleus lies between the eyespot and the anterior end of the chloroplast in the zoospores; it is pyriform in shape (though not markedly elongate) with the anterior end extended towards the flagellar basal body. Golgi bodies (as recognizable stacks of cisternae) are absent from the zoospore of the uniflagellate species but present in the vegetative cell. These features of organization are compared in detail with the same components in the Xanthophyceae and other classes of algae, with particular reference to the motile cells. It is concluded that the Eustigmatophyceae is less like the Xanthophyceae sensu stricto than the latter is like the Chrysophyceae and Phaeophyceae, and in most characters shows fundamental differences from all other classes of algae. The taxonomic difficulty raised by eustigmatophycean possession of an anterior hairy flagellum of typically ‘heterokont’ construction is discussed. The taxonomic and nomenclatural problems resulting from the removal of several species from the Xanthophyceae into the Eustigmatophyceae are briefly considered and previous observations by other authors on species now placed in the Eustigmatophyceae are reviewed.
A 1.5–9.6 GHz Monolithic Active Quasi-Circulator in 0.18 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS Technology (2008)

An active quasi-circulator MMIC was designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The quasi-circulator combines common-source, common-gate, and common-drain configurations to improve the isolation between ports, and has an insertion loss less than 6 dB and an isolation better than 18 dB over 1.5-9.6 GHz.
Keratoconus???No Association with the Transforming Growth Factor ?????Induced Gene in a Cohort of American Patients (2003)

We concluded that the TGFBI gene is not responsible for causing keratoconus in these patients.
Purification and cloning of cytotoxic ribonucleases from Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) (2000)

Ribonucleases with antitumor activity are mainly found in the oocytes and embryos of frogs, but the role of these ribonucleases in frog development is not clear. Moreover, most frog ribonuclease genes have not been cloned and characterized. In the present study, a group of ribonucleases were isolated from Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). These ribonucleases in mature oocytes, namely RC-RNase, RC-RNase 2, RC-RNase 3, RC-RNase 4, RC-RNase 5 and RC-RNase 6, as well as liver-specific ribonuclease RC-RNase L1, were purified by column chromatographs and detected by zymogram assay and western blotting. Characterization of these purified ribonucleases revealed that they were highly conserved in amino acid sequence and had a pyroglutamate residue at their N-termini, but possessed different specific activities, base specificities and optimal pH values for their activities. These ribonucleases were cytotoxic to cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, but their cytotoxicities were not closely correlated to their enzymatic specific activities. Some other amino acid residues in addition to their catalytic residues were implicated to be involved in the cytotoxicity of the frog ribonucleases to tumor cells. Because the coding regions lack introns, the ribonuclease genes were cloned by PCR using genomic DNA as template. Their DNA sequences and amino acid sequences are homologous to those of mammalian ribonuclease superfamily, approximately 50 and approximately 25%, respectively.
Receiver RF Front-End with 5GHz-Band LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator and Subharmonically-Locked Ring Oscillator for 17GHz Wireless Applications (2006)

A 17GHz RF receiver front-end consisting of a low-noise amplifier, dual balanced mixers, an LC voltage-controlled oscillator, and a frequency tripler implemented using a ring oscillator is presented in this paper. The measured LC-VCO phase noise is -112dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from a 5.7GHz carrier. For a 1.3-3V range in VCO tuning voltage, the locking range of the tripler is 5.5GHz (16.1GHz-21.6GHz). The receiver front-end conversion gain is 13.2dB with a noise figure of 7.1dB (SSB 50Omega) and a 3rd-order input intercept point of -6.2dBm. The 1.84mm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> testchip draws 36mA from a 2.2V supply
A specific compilation scheme for image processing architecture (2002)

This paper presents a compilation scheme for a high-level programming environment C/sub T//sup +/+ that allows to obtain good performance at a low engineering cost. C/sub T//sup +/+ is based on C++ and has been designed to easily develop algorithms on multi-SIMD parallel computers. We compare our implementation mechanism with others and show that it produces efficient code for low and intermediate level image processing algorithms. The first target architecture is the SYMPHONIE image processing architecture developed at LETI.
Effect of Mg diffusion on Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides (1978)

A method for compensation of the index increment yielded by Li out-diffusion during Ti diffusion for the LiNbO3 waveguide formation is presented. Mg diffusion decreases the extraordinary refractive index, and its diffusion rate is far faster than that of Ti diffusion. An appropriate Mg diffusion condition is determined for eliminating the Li out-diffusion influence. Excellent optical confinement in the Ti-diffused LiNbO3 Y-cut strip waveguide is demonstrated with Mg diffusion.
Synthesis, chemical reactivity, and antitumor evaluation of congeners of carmethizole hydrochloride, an experimental acylated vinylogous carbinolamine tumor inhibitor (1993)

A series of analogues of 4,5-bis(((N-methylcarbamoyl)oxy)methyl)-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-im idazole (1, carmethizole) were synthesized. The chemical reactivities of the analogues (as electrophiles) were evaluated and related to the antitumor activity (in vivo and in vitro). Changes in the alkylthio moiety had a significant effect upon the chemical reactivity. Electron-withdrawing groups on the sulfur decreased chemical reactivity and, in parallel, decreased antitumor activity. Carmethizole sulfoxide (11a) was unreactive as an electrophile and exhibited no antitumor activity either in vivo or in vitro; this led to the conclusion that carmethizole sulfoxide was not acting as a "carrier form" of carmethizole. The disulfides 17 and 18 were unreactive as electrophiles but did exhibit antitumor activity. The activity of 17 and 18 was attributed to the thiol 10 that would be generated upon cleavage of the disulfide bond.
Managing adaptive process monitoring: New tools and case examples (2007)

Maintenance and long-term performance of process monitoring solutions is a surprisingly rare subject both at academic discussions and commercial negotiations. Traditionally the commercial focus is on investment price-feature ratio. Accordingly, academic focus on the process monitoring solutions has mainly been on features providing short-term peak performance rather than optimizing reliable long-term performance. This paper discusses real-life management and up-keeping challenges of a process monitoring solution. Industrial challenges as well as process monitoring methodology is reviewed. A novel, adaptive approach for process monitoring is introduced. Requirements and a solution for statistical modeling of multi-variable relationships are discussed in particular. To emphasize practical benefits and scalability of the solution introduced, case examples are given. The present authors conclude that the process monitoring solution proposed includes the key elements of a long-term manageable process monitoring solution. Furthermore, the case examples given illustrate the practical reliability and performance of the solution.
Optimal ticket pricing for performance goods (1997)

When purchasing a ticket to a performance good, such as a movie or sporting event, the consumer does not actually buy the product, but simply access to viewing the product. Although the performance is the primary impetus for the ticket purchase, many performance goods offer complementary products such as concessions to their patrons. This paper suggests that when the price setter receives a share of revenues from concessions, overall profits will be maximized when tickets are priced in the inelastic section of demand. The model can be used to explain inelastic point estimates for ticket pricing found in other performance good studies. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary organic aerosol yields of 12-carbon alkanes (2014)

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields were measured for cyclododecane, hexylcyclohexane, n-dodecane, and 2-methylundecane under high-NOx conditions, in which alkyl proxy radicals (RO2) react primarily with NO, and under low-NOx conditions, in which RO2 reacts primarily with HO2. Experiments were run until 95–100% of the initial alkane had reacted. Particle wall loss was evaluated as two limiting cases using a new approach that requires only suspended particle number-size distribution data and accounts for size-dependent particle wall losses and condensation. SOA yield differed by a factor of 2 between the two limiting cases, but the same trends among alkane precursors were observed for both limiting cases. Vapor-phase wall losses were addressed through a modeling study and increased SOA yield uncertainty by approximately 30%. SOA yields were highest from cyclododecane under both NOx conditions. SOA yields ranged from 3.3% (dodecane, low-NOx conditions) to 160% (cyclododecane, high-NOx conditions). Under high-NOx conditions, SOA yields increased from 2-methylundecane &lt; dodecane ~ hexylcyclohexane &lt; cyclododecane, consistent with previous studies. Under low-NOx conditions, SOA yields increased from 2-methylundecane ~ dodecane &lt; hexylcyclohexane &lt; cyclododecane. The presence of cyclization in the parent alkane structure increased SOA yields, whereas the presence of branch points decreased SOA yields due to increased vapor-phase fragmentation. Vapor-phase fragmentation was found to be more prevalent under high-NOx conditions than under low-NOx conditions. For different initial mixing ratios of the same alkane and same NOx conditions, SOA yield did not correlate with SOA mass throughout SOA growth, suggesting kinetically limited SOA growth for these systems.