gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Sampling for Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks for Snow Monitoring Applications (2007)

Energy conservation techniques for sensor networks typically rely on the assumption that data sensing and processing consume considerable less energy than communication. This assumption does not hold in some practical application scenarios, where ad hoc developed sensor units require power consumption comparable with, or even larger than, that of the radio. In this paper we focus on an embedded sensor for monitoring snow composition in mountain slopes for avalanche forecasting. To lower the sensor energy consumption we propose an adaptive sampling algorithm able to dynamically estimate the optimal sampling frequency of the signal to be monitored. In turn, this minimizes the activity of both the sensor and the radio (hence saving energy) while maintaining an acceptable accuracy on the acquired data. Simulation experiments show that the suggested solution can save up to 97% of the energy consumed for sensing when the sensor is always on, while maintaining the error at acceptable levels.
The Plastic Nature of the Vascular Wall: A Continuum of Remodeling Events Contributing to Control of Arteriolar Diameter and Structure (2009)

The diameter of resistance arteries has a profound effect on the distribution of microvascular blood flow and the control of systemic blood pressure. Here, we review mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of resistance artery diameter, both acutely and chronically, their temporal characteristics, and their interdependence. Furthermore, we hypothesize the existence of a remodeling continuum that allows for the vascular wall to rapidly modify its structural characteristics, specifically through the re-positioning of vascular smooth muscle cells. Importantly, the concepts presented more closely link acute vasoregulatory responses with adaptive changes in vessel wall structure. These rapid structural adaptations provide resistance vessels the ability to maintain a desired diameter under presumed optimal energetic and mechanical conditions.
A HIGH RESOLUTION 3D IMPRESSION IMAGING DEVICE (2010)

Introduction:The aim of this research is to develop a device which can be used to capture 3D and color images of tire track and footprint impressions in crime scenes.The device is easy to use, is non-destructive, and saves time during evidence collection.Computer-based pattern matching technology can be used to assist in matching and comparison tasks.The device will be comparable in price to the equipment currently used in the field and will produce better quality and metric data.Methods: The device for digitizing the impression evidence consists of a motorized rail with a HD video camera and two line laser lights, each with a different color.The digitization process depends on triangulation geometry of the laser stripe in the image and the camera capturing this 2D image.The system is calibrated using a vanishing point method.The system software prototype is implemented using OpenCV library and C++ language.The system is tested capturing impression scans in different materials such as mud, clay, sand, and snow.Results: Empirically, we have observed that we can resolve 0.5mm in depth values as reflected in detectable differences of at least 1 pixel in the computed disparity image.Our results also indicate that the 3D depth values produced using the 2 lasers stripes independently agree with each other over most of the pixels, confirming the accuracy of our model.In addition, the results from the two laser lights complement each other in parts of the surface where one of the laser stripes becomes invisible due to occlusions.Conclusions: Our approach of using two lasers overcomes data loss due to occlusions.We also found out that laser detection in some materials like snow is a challenging task under daylight conditions.Future research will focus on optimizing laser detection and matching 3D depth images.
Thermal touch: Thermography-enabled everywhere touch interfaces for mobile augmented reality applications (2014)

We present an approach that makes any real object a true touch interface for mobile Augmented Reality applications. Using infrared thermography, we detect residual heat resulting from a warm fingertip touching the colder surface of an object. This approach can clearly distinguish if a surface has actually been touched, or if a finger only approached it without any physical contact, and hence significantly less heat transfer. Once a touch has been detected in the thermal image, we determine the corresponding 3D position on the touched object based on visual object tracking using a visible light camera. Finally the 3D position of the touch is used by human machine interfaces for Augmented Reality providing natural means to interact with real and virtual objects. The emergence of wearable computers and head-mounted displays desires for alternatives to a touch screen, which is the primary user interface in handheld Augmented Reality applications. Voice control and touchpads provide a useful alternative to interact with wearables for certain tasks, but particularly common interaction tasks in Augmented Reality require to accurately select or define 3D points on real surfaces. We propose to enable this kind of interaction by simply touching the respective surface with a fingertip. Based on tests with a variety of different materials and different users, we show that our method enables intuitive interaction for mobile Augmented Reality with most common objects.
Supplemental Figures from Senescent Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Upregulate IL8 to Enhance Prometastatic Phenotypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. MiaPaca2-YFP flow sort parameters. Figure S2. Immunofluorescence of primary CAF cell lines. Figure S3. Immunohistochemistry of Thy-1 and PDGFR-Î² on frozen pancreatic cancer tissues. Figure S4. Flow cytometry of CAF5 cells and cell cycle analysis. Figure S5. Î²-galactosidase staining of five CAF lines. Figure S6. Liver (A) and lung (E) metastasis from orthotopically implanted PDAC cells. Figure S7. Effect of IL8 on pancreatic cancer cell growth rates. Figure S8. Cell count and toxicity assays for SB225002. Figure S9. Effect of reparixin on transwell cancer migration. Figure S10. p16 and Ki67 immunohistochemistry in human PDAC. Figure S11. IHC of human PDAC showing low (A) vs. high (B) IL8 staining.&lt;/p&gt;
Availability of furafylline (1995)

1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Th.-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 74iv, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2Chemistry Faculty, University of Konstanz, Germany
Entrainer Selection Rules for the Separation of Azeotropic and Close-Boiling-Temperature Mixtures by Homogeneous Batch Distillation Process (2001)

Batch distillation of nonideal mixtures usually produces the azeotropes often associated with those mixtures. Among various techniques available to break azeotropes, azeotropic and extractive distillation processes have a place of choice. They rely upon the selection of a suitable entrainer. Entrainer screening is therefore a key step for the synthesis and design of these processes. From an analysis of all ternary residue curve maps under assumptions of a large number of stages and total reflux/reboil ratio, we devise in this paper a complete set of rules for the selection of a suitable entrainer enabling the separation of minimum- and maximum-boiling azeotropic binary mixtures and close-boiling-temperature binary mixtures. These rules complete previously published rules and expand by many times the set of entrainer alternatives previously considered. Feasible batch distillation processes can always be obtained considering two batch task sequences using rectifier and stripper configurations. The effect of distillation boundary curvature on the selection of entrainers is analyzed, and in this case, a sequence of up to a three batch distillation configurations must be used to separate the original mixture components. Several practical examples are shown to illustrate the application of the defined rules in each studied case.
Exercise and resistance to infection (1998)

Epidemiological data suggest that endurance athletes are at increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) during periods of heavy training and the 1- to 2-week period following race events. Moderate exercise training has been associated with a reduction in incidence of URTI. There is growing evidence that for several hours subsequent to heavy exertion, several components of both the innate (e.g., natural killer cell activity and neutrophil oxidative burst activity) and adaptive (e.g., T and B cell function) immune system exhibit suppressed function. The immune response to heavy exertion is transient, and further research on the mechanisms underlying the immune response to prolonged and intensive endurance exercise is necessary before meaningful clinical applications can be drawn. Some attempts have been made through chemical or nutritional means (e.g., indomethacin, glutamine, vitamin C, and carbohydrate supplementation) to attenuate immune changes following intensive exercise to lower the risk of infection.Key words: upper respiratory tract infection, immunity, running, lymphocyte, neutrophil.
Toward Hartree−Fock- and Density Functional Complete Basis-Set-Predicted NMR Parameters (2002)

The molecular and spectroscopic parameters calculated using the hybrid density functional B3PW91 are reported for a model set of compounds composed of H2, N2, NH3, CH4, C2H4, HCN, CH3CN, and H2O. An estimation of the DFT and Hartree−Fock complete basis-set limit (CBS) energy and NMR parameters from the 2- (3-) point exact fit versus least-squares fit (NLLSQ) was obtained with the cc-pVxZ and aug-cc-pVxZ basis sets (x = D, T, Q, 5, 6). A marginally faster convergence of the fitted parameters obtained with core-valence basis sets cc-pCVxZ and aug-cc-pCVxZ was noticed. The Hartree−Fock-predicted CBS heavy-atom isotropic shieldings of the model molecules, as compared with those of DFT, were closer to experiment. It was also shown that GIAO MP2-predicted NMR parameters yield the best agreement with those obtained from experiment and benchmark calculations. As support for experimental studies, the CBS approach of calculating accurate nuclear shieldings of larger molecules is proposed.
A case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor of the mandible increasing in size during 2 years (2014)

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor （CEOT） is a rare odontogenic tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium. We describe a 35-year-old man with CEOT in the left mandibular molar region. Panoramic radiography of the left side of the mandible showed a multilocular radiolucent lesion with several radiopaque masses. Computed tomography indicated expansion and thinning of the buccal and lingual cortical bone adjacent to the multilocular lesion in the left side of the mandible. The preoperative histopathological diagnosis on examination of a biopsy specimen was CEOT, which was considered to be derived from the odontogenic epithelium. The patient did not come to our hospital for 2 years, but then returned because the CEOT had enlarged.With the patient under general anesthesia, we performed continuous resection of the mandible and reconstruction with a plate. The postoperative course was uneventful during a follow-up period of 2 years, and there has been no recurrence.
Stress Concentration Factors and Weight Functions in Thin Notched Structures of Equibiaxial Anisotropic Materials (2010)

Abstract In notched structures, the influence of the notch on the structural strength of the component can be described by a stress concentration factor or—in the presence of cracks–a weight function. Numerous stress concentration factor and weight function solutions are available to the engineer, but regrettably almost exclusively for isotropic materials. In the present study, stress concentration factors and weight functions are calculated for equibiaxial anisotropic materials. The geometry under investigation is a flat plate in tension containing a central hole. The calculated results show that the elastic anisotropic material behavior can significantly influence the magnitude of both stress concentration factors and weight functions.
Lupus erythematosus tumidus in Childhood (2003)

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a rare disorder in childhood. Most patients reported in the literature present with systemic manifestations, and, to date, fewer than 20 children with chronic cutaneous LE have been documented. In this article, we describe 3 patients with childhood LE tumidus, an uncommon but distinct subtype of chronic cutaneous LE. The lesions are characterized by erythematous, urticaria-like, nonscarring plaques in sun-exposed areas and, unlike in other variants of chronic cutaneous LE, there is no epidermal involvement. The clinical, photobiological, and histologic features as well as the differential diagnoses of childhood LE tumidus are discussed and compared with the adult form of this disease.
Ras protein p21 processing enzyme farnesyltransferase in chemical carcinogen—induced murine skin tumors (1993)

Farnesylation of ras protein p21 is crucial for the protein's membrane localization, which is essential for its cell-transforming activity, which in turn is thought to be critical for the ultimate induction of cancer. The cytosolic enzyme farnesyltransferase plays a major role in posttranslational modification of p21, but the level of farnesyltransferase activity in mammalian tumors and its relationship to the processing of cytosolic p21 that leads to tumorigenesis are unknown. We report here that farnesyltransferase activity was significantly higher in chemical carcinogen-induced benign skin papillomas in SENCAR mice than in the epidermises of control animals. The enzyme is primarily epidermal in origin, and kinetic studies with cytosol from epidermis and papillomas showed that the reaction was linear with respect to time, substrate concentration, and protein content. Skin papillomas showed significantly elevated levels of both cytosolic and membrane-bound Ha-ras p21, whereas far lesser cytosolic and almost negligible amounts of membrane-bound p21 were present in the epidermis of control mice. There was a positive correlation between increased enzyme activity in papilloma cytosol and the processing of overexpressed cytosolic Ha-ras p21 for its localization to membrane.
Use of the surface PSD and incident angle adjustments to investigate near specular scatter from smooth surfaces (2013)

The Rayleigh Rice vector perturbation theory has been successfully used for several decades to relate the surface power spectrum of optically smooth reflectors to the angular resolved scatter resulting from light sources of known wavelength, incident angle and polarization. While measuring low frequency roughness is relatively easy, the corresponding near specular scatter can be difficult to measure. This paper discusses using high incident angle near specular measurements along with profile generated surface power spectrums as a means of checking a near specular scatter requirement. The specification in question, a BRDF of 1.0 sr<sup>-1</sup> at 2 mrad from the specular direction and at a wavelength of 1&mu;m, is very difficult to verify by conventional scatter measurements. In fact, it is impractical to directly measure surface scatter from uncoated Zerodur because of its high bulk scatter. This paper presents profilometer and scatterometer data obtained from coated and uncoated flats at several wavelengths and outlines the analysis technique used to check this tight specification.
Power reserve distribution using cooperative game theory (2014)

This paper presents a method of dynamic allocation of the power reserve among frequency regulation's participants. Cooperative game theory approach is used for analysis of power reserve distribution. Technical and economical aspects of the issue are observed. Mathematical model of automation used for selection of optimal sharing of profit among participants was built.
Molecular Characterization of the Microbial Community in Onsite Treatment Units (2007)

Little is currently known about the microbiological processes and interactions occurring within an onsite wastewater system (OWS). Traditional methods for detecting microorganisms in wastewater have been restricted to culturing techniques. During the last decade, however, molecular techniques have enabled researchers to examine microbial diversity using culture-independent techniques. A program of research at the Colorado School of Mines focused on quantifying and interpreting microbial diversity was employed for examining OWS. The goal of this work was to identify and characterize the microbial community inhabiting septic tank effluent. Samples were collected from a traditional septic tank as well from two septic tanks outfitted with aerobic bacterial generator treatment units (ABG). Microbial community characterization was performed via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and revealed little difference in composition between systems. The wastewater environments were primarily dominated by two Phyla, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and the genus Arcobacter (Campylobacteraceae family). Other Phyla represented in low numbers included Firmicute. The Phyla diversity found in wastewater was similar to what has been reported for the human intestine, but is a sharp contrast to diverse environments (e.g. soils). Previously published research indicates that the 1014 total bacteria present in the human intestine are primarily dominated by members of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but also include less abundant Phyla such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Preliminary results suggest that a significant community change occurs between the gut and the onsite system. From an ecological engineering point of view, understanding this community shift could allow improved system design as well as permit innovative developments.
Quantification of Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione in Whole Blood Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis (2001)

In the past few years, there has been increasing interest in the measurement of thiols, glutathione in particular, as indicators of oxidative stress. The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) is used to evaluate oxidative stress status in biological systems, and alterations of this ratio have been demonstrated in aging, cancer, HIV replication, and cardiovascular diseases (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Surprisingly, glutathione is usually studied in plasma, which contains only 0.5% of the blood content, whereas erythrocytes contain 99.5%. We were interested in direct measurement of GSH and GSSG in whole blood samples to evaluate overall glutathione status.

Numerous methods are available for measuring GSH and GSSG (6), but few of these are suitable for direct analysis in routine use. HPLC is the most widely used, but it requires a long sample preparation with pre- or postcolumn derivatization (7)(8) or a special apparatus for electrochemical detection (1)(9). Alternative methods based on GSH conjugation with a chromophore or a fluorophore have been used, but they need GSSG calculation from total glutathione measured after reduction of GSSG (10)(11). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with laser-induced fluorescence has been proposed recently (12). The separation of GSH and GSSG by CZE with direct ultraviolet detection in tissues and mitochondria (13)(14) and by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis in plasma (15) has also been reported.

The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a rapid CZE method suitable for a direct measurement of GSH and GSSG in whole blood. Moreover, we describe the distribution of blood GSH and GSSG concentrations in a healthy adult population and in elderly subjects.

All chemicals used were of analytical-reagent grade. bis-Tris, boric acid, GSH, and GSSG were obtained from Sigma Chemical, and metaphosphoric acid was …
THE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN K1IN SOY BASED INFANT FORMULA USING MATRIX SOLID PHASE DISPERSION (2000)

A liquid chromatographic method is described for vitamin K1 in soy based infant formula. The vitamins are extracted from infant formula by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and quantitated by reversed phase chromatography with fluorescence detection. Vitamin K1 is converted to the fluorescent hydroquinone with a post column zinc reductive reactor. The limit of detection is 12 pg and the limit of quantitation is 38 pg on- column. Linear response ranged from 0.70 – 11.0 ng/mL (r2 = 0.998). Recoveries were determined on an analyte-fortified blank material for soy based infant formula and averaged 92.5% (n = 25) for vitamin K1. The method provides a rapid, specific, and easily controlled assay for the analysis of vitamin K1 in fortified soy based infant formula.
Instability Caused by Dust Drift and the Observed Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE’s) (2002)

Observations show that the Polar Mesopause Summer Echoes (PMSE’s) radar scattering layers near the Earth mesopause are strongly linked to the dust layer in the same hight region [1]. No single mechanism has been found which is capable of explaining the PMSE over large frequency range and different atmospheric conditions at which it has been observed. One possible explanation in the high frequency range around 1 GH is the non‐coherent scattering on the non‐linear plasma screening clouds around dust particles [2]. This requires that a < λD (a is the size of the grains, λD is the Debye radius) and that P = ndZd/ni is close to 1. New simultaneous and common volume observations by radars at 50 MHz and by rockets show that PMSE can also occur for P << 1 and that the reflected signal rise rapidly with dust charge density as P increases in the range below about 0.1. This may be an indication that some instability caused by dust is developing. In the regions of PMSE’s the ion‐dust mean free path λid = λD2/aP is 6 orders of magnitude larger than the ion‐neutral mean free path λin and most instabilities are damped by high rate of ion‐neutral collisions. We investigate the role of gravity forced dust drift in typical conditions (nn ≈ 1014 cm−3, T ≈ 100° K, a ≈ 0.01 μm with the falling velocity ≈ 20cm/s thermal dust velocity of the order of 50 cm/s). The gravity balance, the condition of charge neutrality and the balance of ionization and absorption on dust is taken into account. In the dispersion equation we include account the changes in dust charges, the ion‐neutral collisions, the ion and electron pressures, the dust‐ion drag and the dust inertia. We find an instability of dissipative type caused by the dust drift, dust charge variations and dust drag. The instability develops in broad range of wave lengths with threshold for typical parameters being estimated as λ > 10cm(1/P). For P = 0.01 (approximately the lowest value observed) this corresponds to 1 m which is much shorter than the wavelength (6 m) at which the observations of PMSE for the low P‐value were done. The growth rate is estimated to be developing in ≈ 200 s during which the dust falls 50m while the thickness of PMSE layer is from several hundred meters to several kilometers. The instability operates till λmax ≈ 30 m.