gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance Deterioration (1992)

The effects of performance deterioration in both land and aircraft gas turbines are presented in this paper. Models for two of the most common causes of deterioration viz. fouling and deterioration are presented. A stage stacking procedure which uses new installed engine field data for compressor map development is described. The results of the effect of fouling in a powerplant gas turbine and that of erosion in a aircraft gas turbine are presented. Also described are methods of fault threshold quantification and fault matrix simulation. Results of the analyses were found to be consistent with field observations.
Isolation of Messenger RNA Coding for Mouse Heavy-Chain Immunoglobulin (1973)

A method for purification of the mRNA coding for heavy-chain protein of a mouse G(2a) myeloma (5563) is reported. Complete myeloma protein (H(2)L(2)) specifically binds to the heavy-chain mRNA, and the resultant RNA-protein complex is precipitated with antiserum against 5563 myeloma protein. Cytoplasmic RNA isolated by this method showed two bands of 6.0 x 10(5) and 3.1 x 10(5) molecular weight when analyzed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The RNA in the bands contained 1.5% and 8% A-rich regions, respectively. The RNA in each of the bands contained sequences for heavy-chain protein when translated in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Pathophysiology of cellulite: Possible involvement of selective endotoxemia (2022)

The most relevant hallmarks of cellulite include a massive protrusion of superficial adipose tissue into the dermis, reduced expression of the extracellular glycoprotein fibulin-3, and an unusually high presence of MUSE cells in gluteofemoral white adipose tissue (gfWAT) that displays cellulite. Also typical for this condition is the hypertrophic nature of the underlying adipose tissue, the interaction of adipocytes with sweat glands, and dysfunctional lymph and blood circulation as well as a low-grade inflammation in the areas of gfWAT affected by cellulite. Here, we propose a new pathophysiology of cellulite, which connects this skin condition with selective accumulation of endogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in gfWAT. The accumulation of LPS within a specific WAT depot has so far not been considered as a possible pathophysiological mechanism triggering localized WAT modifications, but may very well be involved in conditions such as cellulite and, secondary to that, lipedema.
Diagnosis and management of sacral insufficiency fractures (2015)

Sacral insufficiency fractures are pathologic fractures that occur in patients with abnormal bone quality. These injuries occur after low-energy trauma or repetitive physiologic loads. Historically, treatment of sacral insufficiency fractures was nonoperative with modified weightbearing and analgesia. Increased awareness to the potential morbidity and mortality associated with these injuries has led to multiple proposed interventions. Percutanous sacroplasty and screw fixation are the two most frequently performed procedures for sacral insufficiency fractures and involve placement of cement or screws, respectively, within the sacrum to stabilize these lesions. Although there is published literature to support both treatments, a validated classification system to describe sacral insufficiency fractures and comparative clinical data do not exist. The optimal treatment for sacral insufficiency fractures is dependent on the location, size, and chronicity of the lesion; consideration should also be given to the entire pelvic ring and contribution of the sacral insufficiency fracture to the stability of the bony pelvis.
3D GOM WAZ survey experiment using Full Waveform Inversion (2010)

Exploration in geologically more complex areas requires new tools/methodologies in order to address these challenges. The recently introduced wide-azimuth data acquisition method offers better illumination, noise attenuation and lower frequencies to more accurately determine a velocity field for imaging. The methodology in this paper follows the layer striping approach where we developed the supra salt sediment followed by the top of salt, salt flanks, base of salt and finished with a limited subsalt update. The inversion stages were carefully QC-ed through gather displays to ensure the kinematics were honoured. In order to approximate the observed data, the acoustic inversion had attenuation, anisotropy, acquisition source and receiver depth incorporated in the propagator. The final results were validated by reverse time migration using the inverted velocity field versus the final tomography velocity regime.
Experimental Study of Peripheral Circulation and Bone Growth (1967)

Ray, Robert D. M.D., Ph.D.; Kawabata, Masaya M.D.†; Galante, Jorge M.D.‡ Author Information
Jejunal blood flow after exposure to light in rats injected with hematoporphyrin derivative. (1985)

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photodynamic therapy on blood flow to normal rat intestine. A segment of rat jejunum was exposed to red (greater than 590 nm) light (200 mW/cm2) 24 h after the i.v. administration of HPD. Blood flow to the light exposed segment was determined using the radioactive microsphere technique while blood flow to an adjacent light shielded segment of intestine served as an internal control. Animals were divided into six groups of six each: Group I, no HPD, no light; Group II, light, no HPD; Group III, HPD (20 micrograms/g body weight), no light; and Group IV, HPD (20 micrograms/g body weight), light. Blood flow in these four groups was determined 10 min after completion of a 30-min exposure to light. Only in Group IV was there a statistically significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in blood flow to the segment treated with HPD and light. In Groups V [HPD (20 micrograms/g body weight), light] and VI [HPD (10 micrograms/g body weight), light] blood flows were determined 24 h after exposure to light. In both of these groups there was also a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in blood flow in the segment treated with HPD and light. This study demonstrates that normal intestinal blood flow can be disrupted by HPD photodynamic therapy.
How the Virus Outsmarts the Host: Function and Structure of Cytomegalovirus MHC‐I‐Like Molecules in the Evasion of Natural Killer Cell Surveillance (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells provide an initial host immune response to infection by many viral pathogens. Consequently, the viruses have evolved mechanisms to attenuate the host response, leading to improved viral fitness. One mechanism employed by members of the β-herpesvirus family, which includes the cytomegaloviruses, is to modulate the expression of cell surface ligands recognized by NK cell activation molecules. A novel set of cytomegalovirus (CMV) genes, exemplified by the mouse m145 family, encode molecules that have structural and functional features similar to those of host major histocompatibility-encoded (MHC) class I molecules, some of which are known to contribute to immune evasion. In this review, we explore the function, structure, and evolution of MHC-I-like molecules of the CMVs and speculate on the dynamic development of novel immunoevasive functions based on the MHC-I protein fold.
Decoding hidden structural information in solution wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS): from ensemble modeling to machine learning (2021)

Solution X-ray scattering is a powerful method for determining in vitro macromolecular structures. Small-angle Xray scattering (SAXS) has been used to investigate global shape and size of a myriad of molecules at 10s-100 resolution. Its extension, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), sharpens the resolution of solution scattering to below 10 , enhancing information about macromolecular structures. These WAXS profiles, although informative, can be challenging to interpret, both as a result of contributions of the solvent, and the unknown structures related to the finer features of the solute. We applied WAXS to study the salt dependent structures of a short (12-base pair long) RNA duplexes. With a structural pool containing a variety of conformations, we leveraged ensemble modeling to understand the RNA's solution conformations [1]. Furthermore, we applied trained supervised machine learning (ML) models, mapping WAXS profiles to structural features, to interpret the noisy, yet information rich experimental WAXS profiles [2]. These well-trained ML models faithfully captured the WAXS fingerprints of RNAs. Importantly, these models identified specific scattering angles, or regions of scattering angles, which reflect (and can be used to predict) distinct structural parameters (WAXS feature importance). Therefore, we demonstrated that the ensemble and ML methods can provide novel frameworks for extracting highly relevant structural information from solution experiments on biological macromolecules.
Modified spontaneous emission of silicon nanocrystals embedded in artificial opals (2007)

Si nanocrystals (NCs) were embedded in synthetic silica opals by means of Si-ion implantation or opal impregnation with porous-Si suspensions. In both types of sample photoluminescence (PL) is strongly Bragg-reflection attenuated (up to 75%) at the frequency of the opal stop-band in a direction perpendicular to the (1 1 1) face of the perfect hcp opal structure. Time-resolved PL shows a rich distribution of decay rates, which contains both shorter and longer decay components compared with the ordinary stretched exponential decay of Si NCs. This effect reflects changes in the spontaneous emission rate of Si NCs due to variations in the local density of states of real opal containing defects.
Interplay Between Permeability Retardation and Capillary Trapping of Rising Carbon Dioxide in Storage Reservoirs (2018)

Summary The main objective of this work is to understand, by analytical and numerical study, how permeability retardation interacts with capillary-barrier trapping to cause accumulation as carbon dioxide (CO2) migrates upward in saline aquifers during geological sequestration. The study is of one-dimensional (1D) two-phase (CO2 and water) countercurrent flow. The analytical model describes CO2 buoyant migration and accumulation at a “flow-barrier zone” (low permeability) above a “flow-path zone” (high permeability). The relative importance of permeability retardation and capillary trapping is examined under different magnitudes of buoyant-source fluxes and porous-media properties. In the limiting case of zero capillary pressure, the model equation is solved using the method of characteristics (MOC). Permeability-retarded accumulation, induced by the permeability difference between the flow path and the barrier zone, is illustrated through CO2-saturation profiles and time/distance diagrams. Capillary trapping is subsequently accounted for by graphically incorporating a capillary pressure curve and capillary-threshold effect. Results demonstrate that the accumulation contributions from both the permeability hindrance and capillary trapping are convolved at sufficiently large fluxes. At a given time, the total CO2 accumulated by permeability hindrance is greater than that accumulated by capillary trapping, but the former approaches the latter at large time. The low-permeability zone need not be completely impermeable for accumulation to occur. We demonstrate that considering only capillary trapping understates the amount of CO2 accumulated beneath low-permeability structures during significant periods of a sequestration operation.
Comparative biological assessments of endodontic root canal sealer containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler or silica filler (2019)

Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler releases several ions, such as fluoride, borate and strontium ions, to exert bioactive effects. We fabricated an endodontic root canal sealer containing S-PRG fillers (S-PRG sealer) and then evaluated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of S-PRG sealer compared with sealer containing conventional silica fillers (silica sealer). Antibacterial tests showed that S-PRG sealer significantly reduced the turbidity of Enterococcus faecalis compared with silica sealer. Implantation of S-PRG or silica sealer blocks in rat subcutaneous tissue showed that S-PRG sealer decreased the proinflammatory response compared with silica sealer at 10 days post-implantation. In addition, immunostaining revealed that infiltration of CD68- and peroxidase-positive cells around the S-PRG sealer was significantly lower than that in silica sealer. Therefore, it was suggested that S-PRG sealer exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
Black truffles as a model in microbial ecology to analyse fungal-bacterial interactions (2016)

International audience
Technical note: Recommendations for a standard procedure to assess cortical bone at the tissue-level in vivo using impact microindentation (2016)

Impact microindentation is a novel method for measuring the resistance of cortical bone to indentation in patients. Clinical use of a handheld impact microindentation technique is expanding, highlighting the need to standardize the measurement technique. Here, we describe a detailed standard operation procedure to improve the consistency and comparability of the measurements across centers.
Automated external defibrillators (2013)

This study is an update to our August-September 1995 Evaluation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in which we evaluated nine AEDs from three manufacturers. In the current issue, we evaluate three additional semiautomated AEDs from three manufacturers. (We also present update information, including new rankings, for the previously evaluated units.) We tested the new units against the same criteria and rated and ranked them using the same scheme as in our original Evaluation. Specifically, we judged the suitability of these units for two primary clinical applications: prehospital use and in-hospital use. In addition, in this Update, we rated and ranked all of the units evaluated to date for a third clinical application: public access defibrillation (PAD) use. In this Update, we briefly describe the purpose and use of AEDs in the Introduction. For more detailed information about this technology, the environments in which AEDs are used, and the factors to consider when selecting this type of device, we encourage readers to refer to our original AED Evaluation (Health Devices 24[8-9], August-September 1995). Also, because our criteria and test methods have not changed since the original study, we have not repeated them in this issue. Again, readers should refer to the previous Evaluation for this information. Furthermore, as described in the inset on page 272, the format of this Update differs from that of traditional Health Devices Evaluations. Most notably, all of the characteristics, test results, and ratings for each unit are presented in an individual Product Profile. Following the profiles for the three units, we present a comprehensive Conclusions section, detailing how the newly evaluated units compare with those evaluated in our original study.
Validity Evidence for the Use of Automated Neuropsychologic Assessment Metrics As a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2019)

This study provides support for ANAM's discriminative validity for cognitive impairment and utility for cognitive screening in adult SLE. Derived composite indices and cutoffs enhance clinical applicability.
The Role of Innate APOBEC3G and Adaptive AID Immune Responses in HLA-HIV/SIV Immunized SHIV Infected Macaques (2012)

The AID/APOBEC family (activation induced deaminase/apolipoprotein B mRNA editing cytokine deaminase) in B cells play important roles in adaptive and innate immunity. Whereas APOBEC3G has been studied in CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells its functional potential in B cells has received little attention. AID combines two critical functions of antibodies, class switching and affinity maturation and may serve as a functional surrogate of protection. These functions were studied following systemic immunization of rhesus macaques with recombinant HLA constructs, linked with HIV and SIV antigens and HSP70 to dextran. The results showed significant upregulation of AID in CD20+ B cells, APOBEC 3G in CD27+ memory B cells and CD4+ effector memory T cells. After immunization the upregulated APOBEC 3G and AID were directly correlated in B cells (p<0.0001). Following challenge with SHIV SF162.P4 the viral load was inversely correlated with AID in B cells and APOBEC 3G in B and T cells, suggesting that both deaminases may have protective functions. Investigation of major interactions between DC, T cells and B cells showed significant increase in membrane associated IL-15 in DC and CD40L in CD4+ T cells. IL-15 binds the IL-15 receptor complex in CD4+ T and B cells, which may reactivate the DC, T and B cell interactions. The overall results are consistent with AID inhibiting pre-entry SHIV by eliciting IgG and IgA antibodies, whereas APOBEC 3G may contribute to the post-entry control of SHIV replication and cellular spread.
Abstract 1324: Melatonin-depleted blood from healthy adult men exposed to environmental light at night stimulates growth, signal transduction and metabolic activity of tissue-isolated human prostate cancer xenografts in nude rats (2011)

Abstract Light at night (LAN), via its ability to suppress nocturnal circadian pineal melatonin production, has been associated with an increased risk of prostate, breast, and endometrial cancers reported in rotating night shift workers. In previous studies, we determined that melatonin's tumor growth inhibitory mechanism occurs via an MT1 melatonin receptor-mediated suppression of tumor cAMP leading to an inhibition of tumor linoleic acid (LA) uptake and its metabolism to the mitogenic signaling molecule 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE). These events culminate in down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 pathways. Tissue-isolated, androgen-independent PC3 human prostate tumor xenografts (n=3/group; 57 perfusions) perfused for 60 minutes in situ in male nude rats with melatonin-rich blood (&amp;gt; 100 pg/ml) collected from healthy adult, male subjects (n = 3) during the night were compared to those perfused with melatonin-deficient blood (&amp;lt; 10 pg/ml) collected during the daytime or nighttime following 90 minutes of ocular exposure to bright, white fluorescent light (2800 lux). Perfusion of tissue-isolated PC3 human prostate xenografts with human donor nighttime-collected, melatonin-rich blood samples resulted in substantial reductions (60 – 99%) in tumor cAMP levels, LA uptake, 13-HODE production, glucose uptake, O2 consumption and CO2 production, and [3H]thymidine incorporation into tumor DNA, compared to tumors perfused with daytime-collected or nighttime/light exposure-collected, melatonin-diminished blood samples. The activation of MEK, ERK 1/2, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), was also markedly diminished in tumors perfused with melatonin-rich, nighttime-collected blood and stimulated in tumors perfused with melatonin-deficient blood collected after exposure to light at night. Tumor inhibitions by melatonin-rich blood were completely prevented by a non-selective MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor antagonist, forskolin, pertussis toxin, or 8-Bromo-cAMP. These results are the first to demonstrate that the nocturnal melatonin signal in blood collected from male human volunteers during the night suppresses signal transduction, metabolic and growth activity in tissue-isolated PC3 human prostate cancer xenografts via an MT1 melatonin receptor-mediated mechanism. These findings are also the first to show that blood collected from human subjects exposed to light at night markedly stimulates human prostate cancer growth, signal transduction and metabolic activity via suppression of the nocturnal circadian melatonin signal. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1324. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1324
Neuroimaging and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease: A Look to the Future (2003)

Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Current consensus statements have emphasized the need for early recognition and the fact that a diagnosis of AD can be made with high accuracy by using clinical, neuropsychologic, and imaging assessments. Magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomographic (CT) imaging is recommended for the routine evaluation of AD. Coronal MR images can be useful to document or quantify atrophy of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, both of which occur early in the disease process. Both volumetric and subtraction MR techniques can be used to quantify and monitor dementia progression and rates of regional atrophy. MR measures are also increasingly being used to monitor treatment effects in clinical trials of cognitive enhancers and antidementia agents. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission CT offer value in the differential diagnosis of AD from other cortical and subcortical dementias and may also offer prognostic value. In addition, PET studies have demonstrated that subtle abnormalities may be apparent in the prodromal stages of AD and in subjects who carry susceptibility genes. PET ligands are in late-stage development for demonstration of amyloid plaques, and human studies have already begun. Functional MR-based memory challenge tests are in development as well.
Total synthesis of complex alkaloids by nucleophilic addition to amides (2018)

Nucleophilic addition to amides has been recognized as a promising transformation for total synthesis of complex alkaloids. Amides can accept two different organometallic reagents through the nucleophilic addition, which enables it to serve as a stable surrogate of multi-substituted amines. However, the nucleophilic addition has been overlooked for a long time due to three main reasons: low electrophilicity of amide carbonyls, potential hydrolysis of the reaction intermediate and excess addition of an organometallic reagent. This mini review focuses on the recent progress of total synthesis of complex alkaloids based on the nucleophilic additions to N-alkoxyamides, tertiary amides and secondary amides.