gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNS and Modeling for Turbulent Premixed Combustion (2002)

Fully developed turbulent premixed flames were directly simulated in different cases P_u/P_b=7.53,2.50 while u'/u_L was close to unity. Analysis of the Favre-averaged transport equation for turbulent kinetic energy showed pressure concerning terms produced kinetic energy in flame brush, and mean pressure gradient ternm, pressure dilatation term and additional dissipation components were modeled. Analysis of the Favre-averaged transport equation for turbulent scalar flux showed pressure concerning terms and velocity-reaction rate correlation term were sources for counter-gradient diffusion, and mean pressure gradient term, fluctuating pressure term, dissipation terms and velocity-reaction rate correlation term were modeled.
Dilated cardiomyopathy-associatedBAG3mutations impair Z-disc assembly and enhance sensitivity to apoptosis in cardiomyocytes (2011)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by dilation of left ventricular cavity with systolic dysfunction. Clinical symptom of DCM is heart failure, often associated with cardiac sudden death. About 20-35% of DCM patients have apparent family histories and it has been revealed that mutations in genes for sarcomere proteins cause DCM. However, the disease-causing mutations can be found only in about 17% of Japanese patients with familial DCM. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a co-chaperone protein with antiapoptotic function, which localizes at Z-disc in the striated muscles. Recently, BAG3 gene mutations in DCM patients were reported, but the functional abnormalities caused by the mutations are not fully unraveled. In this study, we analyzed 72 Japanese familial DCM patients for mutations in BAG3 and found two mutations, p.Arg218Trp and p.Leu462Pro, in two cases of adult-onset DCM without skeletal myopathy, which were absent from 400 control subjects. Functional studies at the cellular level revealed that the DCM-associated BAG3 mutations impaired the Z-disc assembly and increased the sensitivities to stress-induced apoptosis. These observations suggested that BAG3 mutations present in 2.8% of Japanese familial DCM patients caused DCM possibly by interfering with Z-disc assembly and inducing apoptotic cell death under the metabolic stress.
Three-Dimensional Imaging Reveals Ureteric and Mesenchymal Defects in Fgfr2-Mutant Kidneys (2009)

Current techniques to morphologically characterize the processes of nephrogenesis and ureteric branching during kidney development have many limitations. Here, we used in vivo three-dimensional analysis to study renal development in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in the ureteric bud (Fgfr2(UB-/-)) and in littermate controls. We found that Fgfr2(UB-/-) mice have more severe defects in ureteric branching morphogenesis than previously reported, including significantly fewer branches and tips than control mice. Furthermore, these mice had decreased ureteric volume and surface area and longer ureteric segments than control mice. We also observed previously unrecognized abnormalities in nephrogenesis, including a gradual increase in volume and surface area during maturation from renal vesicles to mature nephrons, in the mutant mice. Finally, we quantified many events of normal renal development that are either difficult or impossible to measure without this three-dimensional technique. In summary, the three-dimensional approach is a powerful and quantitative means to characterize branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis.
Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Injuries, 2nd Edition: A Quick Reference Guide (2010)

All-new guide on the diagnosis and treatment and referral of orthopaedic problems and sports injuries. The new Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Injuries: A Quick Reference Guide efficiently delivers the essential guidance and how-to-do-it recommendations you need.

Turn here for concise summaries of disorders and injuries. Proven evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation approaches. Practice-tested tips, and invaluable clinical pearls. Efficiently respond to diverse clinical challenges: Common sports injuries, Trauma, Limb disorders, Spine disorders

Hip and pelvis disorders, Infections, Tumors, Skeletal dysplasias. Plus, you'll find step-by-step help with musculoskeletal examination and evaluation; casting and splinting; imaging techniques, and rehabilitation strategies. The book features many illustrations, clinical photographs and radiographic images to demonstrate physical examination techniques and pathologic physical findings, as well as tables and figures to aid in diagnosis. Streamline orthopedic problem-solving: Etiology/epidemiology, Signs and symptoms, Differential diagnosis, How to make the diagnosis, Treatment, Rehabilitation, Expected outcomes/prognosis, Coding for proper payment, and when to refer.
Effects of long-term access to ICT-mediated travel information services - Users’ assessments and reported behavioural changes (2014)

Great optimism has for some time framed the potential effects that access to ICT-mediated travel information services (ICTIS) have on travellers. Little has however been known about real-life long-term effects of access to ICTIS. The aim of this thesis was thus to create a basis for understanding the role of ICTIS in urban transport of people. The focus was on changes in travellers’ assessments of ICTIS; the changes in travel experiences from having access to ICTIS; and behavioural changes such as changes in choice of travel mode and route choice from having access to ICTIS. All in all, more than a thousand respondents participated in four studies investigating changes over time periods between six months and twelve years. The results show that travellers’ pre-exposure expectations on benefit and impacts are larger than what is experienced from use. The results also showed that travel experiences changes from access to ICTIS, and that access to ICTIS does have potential to change travel behaviour. Magnitudes of behavioural changes were however found to be limited. It is suggested that a larger focus on the travellers’ benefits, time perspectives, and the travellers’ possibilities to act could increase intended changes from access to ICTIS.
Advances in the treatment of allergic purpura (Review) (2010)

Henoch-Schnlein Purpura(HSP) is a systemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis mediated by IgA and characterized by the clinical features of non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura,abdominal pain,arthritis and renal involvement.Most patients have an antecedent upper respiratory illness.More than 90 percent of Henoch-Schnlein purpura cases occur in children younger than 10 years,however,adults with this condition are more likely to experience complications than children.Because Henoch-Schnlein purpura spontaneously resolves in most children and adults,supportive treatment is the primary intervention.Oral prednisone at 1 to 2 mg per kg daily for two weeks has been used to treat abdominal and joint symptoms and decrease the odds of developing persistent renal disease.Early aggressive therapy with high-dose steroids plus immunosuppressants is recommended for patients with severe renal involvement.Long-term prognosis depends on the severity of renal involvement.HSP nephritis in adults had a higher risk of progression to renal insufficiency.More aggressive treatment and extended follow-up for at least 6 months were often necessary.
Dataset of non-crimp fabric reinforced composites for an X-ray computer tomography aided engineering process (2020)

This data in brief article describes a dataset used for an X-ray computer tomography aided engineering process consisting of X-ray computer tomography data and finite element models of non-crimp fabric glass fibre reinforced composites. Additional scanning electron microscope images are provided for the validation of the fibre volume fraction. The specimens consist of 4 layers of unidirectional bundles each supported by off-axis backing bundles with an average orientation on ±80° The finite element models, which were created solely on the image data, simulate the tensile stiffness of the samples. The data can be used as a benchmark dataset to apply different segmentation algorithms on the X-ray computer tomography data. It can be further used to run the models using different finite element solvers.
Reduced folate carrier gene (RFC1) expression and anti-folate resistance in transfected and non-selected cell lines (1997)

Methotrexate transport deficiency due to decreased reduced folate carrier (RFC) activity has been observed in several cell lines selected for resistance to methotrexate (MTX). Since MTX resistance is multifactorial, however, it is difficult to quantify the relative importance of changes in RFC activity in selected cell lines and even more so to determine the relative contribution of naturally occurring RFC activity in the MTX sensitivity of non-selected cell lines. We examined the role of RFC in MTX resistance by studying a transport-deficient cell line transfected with the gene for human RFC, RFC1, and by correlating relative RFC1 expression with MTX and trimetrexate (TMTX) growth inhibition (GI50) in a panel of cell lines used in the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen. Clones of transport-deficient, MTX-resistant ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells (MTX(R) ZR-75-1) transfected with RFC1 were 250-fold more sensitive to MTX and 300-fold more resistant to TMTX than control cell clones, showing that restoration of RFC activity has a significant impact on MTX and TMTX cytotoxicity. We also surveyed 40 of the 60 cell lines in the NCI drug screen panel for RFCI RNA levels by a quantitative RT-PCR assay. RFCI RNA levels varied over a range of 15-fold, with only 1 cell line found to be null in expression. Using data from the 6-day drug exposure assay, RFC1 correlated positively with MTX and negatively with TMTX cytotoxicity. As predicted by transfection studies, the calculated difference between MTX and TMTX potency was even more strongly correlated with RFC1 RNA levels of the cell lines. In addition, compounds in the NCI Anticancer Drug Screen database with cytotoxicity profiles which correlated with RFC1 RNA levels or with the calculated difference in MTX-TMTX potency were examined for MTX uptake inhibition and cytotoxicity in the RFC1-transfected MTX(R) ZR-75-1 cell line. Overall, our data demonstrate the importance of RFC1 in MTX resistance both as a transgene and as a constitutively expressed gene in non-selected cell lines.
Quantification of Ostwald Ripening in Emulsions via Coarse-Grained Simulations (2019)

Ostwald ripening is a diffusional mass transfer process that occurs in polydisperse emulsions, often with the result of threatening the emulsion stability. In this work, we design a simulation protocol that is capable of quantifying the process of Ostwald ripening at the molecular level. To achieve experimentally relevant time scales, the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation protocol is implemented. The simulation parameters are tuned to represent two benzene droplets dispersed in water. The coalescence between the two droplets is prevented via the introduction of membranes, which allow diffusion of benzene from one droplet to the other. The simulation results are quantified in terms of the changes in the droplet volume as a function of time. The results are in qualitative agreement with experiments. The agreement with the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory becomes quantitative when the simulated solubility and diffusion coefficient of benzene-in-water are considered. The effect of two different surfactants was also investigated. In agreement with both experimental observations and theory, the addition of surfactants at moderate concentrations decreased the Ostwald ripening rate because of the reduction in the interfacial tension between benzene and water; as the surfactant film becomes dense, other phenomena are likely to further delay the Ostwald ripening. In fact, the results suggest that the surfactant that yields higher density at the benzene-water interface delayed more effectively Ostwald ripening. The formation of micelles can also affect the ripening rate, in qualitative agreement with experiments, although our simulations are not conclusive on such effects. Our simulations show that the coarse-grained DPD formalism is able to capture the molecular phenomena related to Ostwald ripening and reveal molecular level features that could help to understand experimental observations. The results could be useful for predicting and eventually controlling the long-term stability of emulsions.
Phospholipase A2 activation and subsequent exocytosis in the Ca2+/ionophore-induced acrosome reaction of ram spermatozoa (1993)

In ram spermatozoa treatment with Ca2+ and A23187 or ionomycin stimulated the release of arachidonic acid (20:4) and exocytosis of the acrosome in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Diacylglycerol did not appear to be the source of 20:4. On the other hand, generation of 20:4 was significantly correlated with breakdown of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine under a variety of conditions, thus indicating that 20:4 release was due to phospholipase A2 activity. Generation of 20:4 preceded acrosomal exocytosis. Moreover, it was significantly correlated with exocytosis when spermatozoa were stimulated with Ca2+ and A23187 or ionomycin for different periods of time or with different ionophore concentrations. Treatment with Ro 31-4493, a compound that has been found to inhibit sperm phospholipase A2 activity in vitro, considerably reduced both the release of 20:4 and exocytosis; addition of exogenous 20:4 or lysophosphatidylcholine overcame the inhibitory effect of Ro 31-4493. Spermatozoa preincubated with several unsaturated fatty acids, including 20:4, underwent exocytosis much more rapidly when treated with Ca2+/A23187. Exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine also enhanced acrosomal exocytosis and this effect was mimicked by an alkyl-containing analogue (1-O-alkyl-glycerophosphorylcholine = lyso-platelet activating factor). These results indicate that phospholipase A2 plays a fundamental role in the exocytosis of the acrosome elicited by Ca2+ and ionophore stimulation. Therefore, it is possible that activation of this enzyme constitutes an essential Ca2+-dependent event underlying exocytosis in response to physiological stimuli.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of (+)‐Himbacine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient state merging in symbolic execution (2012)

Symbolic execution has proven to be a practical technique for building automated test case generation and bug finding tools. Nevertheless, due to state explosion, these tools still struggle to achieve scalability. Given a program, one way to reduce the number of states that the tools need to explore is to merge states obtained on different paths. Alas, doing so increases the size of symbolic path conditions (thereby stressing the underlying constraint solver) and interferes with optimizations of the exploration process (also referred to as search strategies). The net effect is that state merging may actually lower performance rather than increase it. We present a way to automatically choose when and how to merge states such that the performance of symbolic execution is significantly increased. First, we present query count estimation , a method for statically estimating the impact that each symbolic variable has on solver queries that follow a potential merge point; states are then merged only when doing so promises to be advantageous. Second, we present dynamic state merging , a technique for merging states that interacts favorably with search strategies in automated test case generation and bug finding tools. Experiments on the 96 GNU Coreutils show that our approach consistently achieves several orders of magnitude speedup over previously published results. Our code and experimental data are publicly available at http://cloud9.epfl.ch.
General Anesthesia With and Without Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and the Weight of Middle Ear Effusion in Children Undergoing Adenoidectomy and Tympanostomy (1996)

This study was designed to explore the effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) on the amount of middle ear effusion. Seventy-six children referred for adenoidectomy or tympanostomy tube placement were divided into two groups in the basis of the method of anesthesia. One group of 39 children was ventilated with a mixture of 30% oxygen and 70% nitrous oxide, while the other group of 37 patients was ventilated with a mixture of oxygen and air. The amounts of middle ear effusion obtained in myringotomy were weighed and compared between these groups. Preoperative and perioperative tympanograms were performed. Ventilation with nitrous oxide caused a distinct rise in middle ear pressure. The amount of the middle ear effusion, however, remained the same in the two groups. It is concluded that the operating surgeon can rely on the myringotomy finding even when nitrous oxide anesthesia is used.
Filling the Gap: Simulation-based Crisis Resource Management Training for Emergency Medicine Residents (2018)

This course can feasibly be incorporated into existing EM residency curriculums to provide EM trainees with basic CRM skills required of successful emergency physicians. We believe integrating CRM training early into existing EM education encourages continued deliberate practice, discussion, and improvement of essential CRM skills.
Generating flat-top beams with extended depth of focus (2018)

Two approaches for generating flat-top beams (uniform intensity profile) with extended depth of focus are presented. One involves two diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and the other only a single DOE. The results indicate that the depth of focus of such beams strongly depends on the phase distribution at the output of the DOEs. By having uniform phase distribution, it is possible to generate flat-top beams with extended depth of focus.
Zymogen activation: Effect of peptides sequentially related to the bovine β‐trypsin N‐terminus on kazal inhibitor and benzamidine binding to bovine trypsinogen (1988)

The activating effect of peptides sequentially related to the Ile 16-Val17-Gly18 N-terminus of bovine beta-trypsin (namely Ile-Val-Gly, Ile-Val, Ile-Leu, Ile-Ala, Val-Val, Leu-Val, and Val-Leu) on the thermodynamic parameters for the binding of the porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (Kazal inhibitor) and benzamidine to bovine trypsinogen was investigated at pH 5.5 (Bis tris-HCl buffer, I = 0.1 M) and T = 21 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Thermodynamic parameters for Kazal inhibitor and benzamidine association to the binary peptide/zymogen adducts are more favorable than those observed for ligand binding to the proenzyme alone, although never as much as those reported for the formation of bovine beta-trypsin/Kazal inhibitor and bovine beta-trypsin/benzamidine adducts. Analogously, the affinity of activating peptides for the binary proenzyme/Kazal inhibitor and binary proenzyme/benzamidine complexes is higher than that observed for peptide binding to free bovine trypsinogen. Differences in affinity for ligand binding to free bovine trypsinogen, to its binary adducts and to bovine beta-trypsin suggest the presence of different activation levels of the proenzyme, none of which structurally coincide with that achieved in bovine beta-trypsin. The existence of different discrete states suggests that the zymogen-to-active enzyme transition should not be considered as a two-state process but as a multistep event.
The effects of potential changes in United States beef production on global grazing systems and greenhouse gas emissions (2012)

We couple a global agricultural production and trade model with a greenhouse gas model to assess leakage associated with modified beef production in the United States. The effects on emissions from agricultural production (i.e., methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock and crop management) as well as from land-use change, especially grazing system, are assessed. We find that a reduction of US beef production induces net carbon emissions from global land-use change ranging from 37 to 85 kg CO2-equivalent per kg of beef annualized over 20 years. The increase in emissions is caused by an inelastic domestic demand as well as more land-intensive cattle production systems internationally. Changes in livestock production systems such as increasing stocking rate could partially offset emission increases from pasture expansion. In addition, net emissions from enteric fermentation increase because methane emissions per kilogram of beef tend to be higher globally.
2018 Flu Vaccine Recommendations for Adults and Children (2018)

New guidance for the intranasal vaccine and for those allergic to eggs.
Next-generation sequencing to reveal somatic mutations that confer sensitivity to everolimus. (2015)

11010 Background: Using targeted ultradeep sequencing, we aimed to explore genomic alterations that confer extreme sensitivity to everolimus. Methods: We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor/normal pairs from 38 patients (21 with exceptional clinical benefit, 17 with no clinical benefit) who were treated with everolimus across various tumor types (13 gastric cancers, 15 renal cell carcinomas, 2 thyroid cancers, 1 lacrimal gland cancer, and 7 sarcomas). Ion AmpliSeq Comprehensive Cancer Panel was used to identify alterations across all exons of 409 target genes. Results: Tumors were sequenced to a median coverage of 605x. Cancer genomes are characterized by 203 somatic single-nucleotide variants (186 missense, 10 nonsense, 7 splice-site) and 51 frameshift insertions/deletions, with a median of 3.9 mutations per Mb (0 to 14.8 mutations per Mb). Overall, genomic alterations with activating effect on mTOR signaling were identified in 8 of 21 patients with clinical benefit and these include mTOR, TSC1, TSC2, NF1 and PIK3CA mutations. In a patient with ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland in whom everolimus achieved a partial response (PR) for 8 months, a novel NF1 missense mutation (D1644A) and a novel TP53 frameshift deletion (A39fs*5) were revealed. Three mTOR missense mutations (K1771R, N1421D, I1973F) were found in patients with gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma and angiosarcoma. A mutation in the helical domain of PIK3CA (E542K) was found in a renal cell carcinoma patient and a mutation in AKT1 (H238Y) was observed in a sarcoma patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Lastly, a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer harbored a nonsense mutation in TSC1 (p.Trp103*) and a renal cell carcinoma patient had a TSC1 splicing variant (c.1029+1G > A). Recurrent mutations in chromatin remodeling gene (BAP1; n = 2, 12%) and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling (FGFR4; n = 2, 12%) were noted only in patients without clinical benefit. Conclusions: Regardless of different cancer types, mTOR-pathway-activating mutations confer sensitivity to everolimus. Targeted sequencing of mTOR pathway genes facilitates identification of potential candidates for mTOR inhibitors.
Data Supplement from The RAC1 P29S Hotspot Mutation in Melanoma Confers Resistance to Pharmacological Inhibition of RAF (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: Identification of RAC1 P29S mutant melanoma cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;