gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the permittivity of breast tissues on the robustness of microwave radiometric imaging (1995)

Microwave radiometric imaging (MWI) is a passive method of thermal investigation which allows the observation of subcutaneous thermal gradient. Recently, the authors have defined a method of inversion by deconvolution and Wiener filtering, which leads to a consequent improvement of the spatial resolution in the case of compact thermal structures. One of the applications the authors are considering is the detection of possible thermal gradients associated to nonpalpable breast tumors. For this reason, they have tested this method for different cases of known permittivities of breast tissues. The conclusion of this simulation shows the robustness of the inversion process even if the permittivity of the tissues is not exactly known. Positive results have been registered in the field using MWI, which are summarised here. Encouraging conclusions have been obtained during a clinical evaluation related to the characterisation (malignancy or benignity) of nonpalpable breast tumors. A new radiometric imaging system is now being built, which allows the acquisition of the radiometric image in a reasonable time interval (an image obtained in four minutes). The spatial resolution of the images is improved by application of deconvolution and Wiener filtering.
Super-compressible DNA nanoparticle lattices (2013)

The compression properties of DNA–nanoparticle assemblies were studied by measuring their response to the applied osmotic pressure. The lattices of nanoparticles interconnected with DNA exhibit an isotropic transformation under compression with a remarkably strong decrease of the lattice constant, up to a factor of about 1.8, corresponding to more than 80% of the volume reduction. Using insitu small angle X-ray scattering and optical microscopy, we probe the DNA-induced effective interparticle interactions by measuring the macroscopic and nanoscale compression behaviours as a function of the applied osmotic stress. The force field extracted from experimental data can be well described by a theoretical model that takes into account confinement of DNA chains in the interstitial regions. We show that compression properties of these systems can be tuned via DNA molecular design.
Tweet4act: Using Incident-Specific Profiles for Classifying Crisis-Related Messages (2013)

We present Tweet4act, a system to detect and classify crisis-related messages communicated over a microblogging platform. Our system relies on extracting content features from each message. These features and the use of an incident-specific dictionary allow us to determine the period type of an incident that each message belongs to. The period types are: pre-incident (messages talking about prevention, mitigation, and preparedness), during-incident (messages sent while the incident is taking place), and post-incident (messages related to the response, recovery, and reconstruction). We show that our detection method can effectively identify incident-related messages with high precision and recall, and that our incident-period classification method outperforms standard machine learning classification methods.
A High-power High-frequency and Scalable Multi-megawatt Fuel-cell Inverter for Power Quality and Distributed Generation (2006)

Recent R&D in high-voltage and high-power SiC power semiconductor devices have enabled the possibility of a radical shift in the design of high-power inverters from one that is based primarily on line-frequency switching to one that operates between 10 to 20 kHz. It is based on this ongoing advancement, we propose a 1-10 MW and 20 kHz inverter that is fed from a fuel-cell stack and delivers active and reactive power to a utility grid at 12.47 kV and 60 Hz. The inverter eliminates the need for bulky line-frequency transformer and reactive components and has less volume and lower cost. Further, owing to the modular structure of the inverter, it is scalable for higher power and higher voltage applications.
On the orientation and absolute phase of marine CSEM receivers (2007)

Abstract Receiver orientation can be recovered from electric and/or magnetic data if it is not directly measured. A receiver dropped on the seabed will end up with an arbitrary orientation, which means that the recorded electric and magnetic x- and y-components will point in arbitrary directions. We demonstrate how both electric and magnetic data can be used to rotate the field data to a coordinate system where the x-direction points in the inline or towline direction or 180° with respect to this direction. The amplitudes of electric and magnetic marine CSEM data are highly offset dependent so we introduce a median filtering approach to handle this problem. An inspection of the electric and/or magnetic phase after normalization with the source-current phase can resolve the remaining problem of the 180degree spatial rotation. The result is electric and magnetic data where the x-component points in the positive towline direction. We analyze the case of lost temporal synchronization between receivers and the transmitter and show that the proper absolute phase can be recovered approximately by producing precalculated tables for zero or minimum offset of the electric and/or magnetic phase. These tables depend on the frequency, the transmitter length, the water conductivity, and the distance between the receiver and the midpoint of the transmitter. These four quantities are measured during a marine CSEM survey. The method requires electric and/or magnetic data that are not saturated at short offsets. The magnetic zero or minimum offset phase shows less variation with these four parameters than the electric zero or minimum offset phase. Hence, if magnetic data are available, they are preferable to electric data for this type of processing.
Exome sequencing reveals aberrant signalling pathways as hallmark of treatment-naive anal squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

Anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC) are rare tumours in humans. The etiological role of HPV infection is now well established but little is known about the molecular landscape and signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this cancer. Here we report the results from a whole exome sequencing of a homogeneous group of 20 treatment-naive ASCC. A total of 2422 somatic single nucleotide variations (SNV) were found, with an overall moderate rate of somatic mutations per tumour (median: 105 relevant SNV per tumour) but a high mutational load in 3 tumours. The mutational signatures associated with age and APOBEC were observed in 100% and 60% of tumours respectively. The most frequently mutated genes were <i>PIK3CA</i> (25%) followed by <i>FBXW7</i> (15%), <i>FAT1</i> (15%)<i>,</i> and <i>TRIP12</i> (15%), the two last ones having never been described in ASCC. The main copy number alterations were gains of chromosome 3q (affecting <i>PIK3CA</i>) and losses of chromosome 11q (affecting <i>ATM)</i>. The combined analysis of somatic mutations and copy number alterations show that recurrent alterations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are frequent (60%) in these tumours, as well as potentially targetable alterations of other signalling pathways that have never been described in ASCC such as chromatin remodelling (45%) and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis (35%). These results highlight the possible implication of these aberrant signalling pathways in anal carcinogenesis and suggest promising new therapeutic approaches in ASCC. The high somatic mutation burden found in some tumours, suggesting an elevated neoantigen load could also predict sensitivity of ASCC to immunotherapy.
Application of MTF in remote sensing image restoration (2014)

In order to solve the quality problem of remote sensing image degradation which is caused by fuzzy and noise in the process of push-broom full-color TDICCD space camera acquisition, transmission, and storage image, a new remote sensing image restoration method based on modulation transfer function (MTF) was proposed. The method in this paper restored point-spread function PSF by MTF, and took it as degradation model for image restoration. The ability of noise resisting of MTF extraction was raised in this paper via enhancing the local image by homomorphic filter algorithm before MTF extraction. Then by using the two times restoration method, MTF error which is caused by adding enhancement filter directly was avoided. Finally, the effect of remote sensing image restoration was evaluated by mean, contrast and edge strength. In experiments, the recovered image grayscale average increases 45%, average gradient is 3.5 times and the edge strength is 1.75 times greater than the values before restoration. And the area which is contained by MTF curves increases. The experimental results show that all above evaluation indexes are better than the original image. In conclusion, the image restoration algorithm of space TDICCD camera has certain reference significance in improving image quality.
Observation of Plasma Instability with Rotational Effects in a Mirror Machine (1963)

Two types of hot plasmas were produced and confined between magnetic mirrors by plasma injection followed by slow magnetic compression in the Table Top III device: (1) a ``hot-electron plasma,'' in which the plasma was highly compressed and the electron temperature was 10 to 25 keV, and (2) a ``hot-ion plasma'' in which the compression was less but the ions were hotter than the electrons. In both cases, regimes could be found in which gross instability occurred. The plasma column was observed to leave the axis and spiral, as a whole, outward to the chamber walls with a radial velocity of about 5 × 105 cm/sec. On the basis of the observations and a comparison with theory this behavior is interpreted as a simple azimuthal mode number M = 1 interchange instability accompanied by a rotation arising from the fact that the plasma has a net charge. No multiple flutes (M &amp;gt; 1) have been observed during this motion, although occasionally simultaneous existence of two plasma columns has been detected. The lower critical density for the onset of the instability was approximately that density for which the Debye distance was equal to the plasma diameter. Stabilized regimes were also obtained by operation with high injected densities or at higher base pressures and the plasma remained confined for many milliseconds. There was also an intermediate regime in which instability could be deliberately ``triggered'' by a finite electrostatic perturbation in a plasma that had been quiescent for milliseconds. Some aspects of the observed stabilization, particularly the nonobservance of multiple flutes, occurring under conditions in which simple hydromagnetic theory predicts instability for all values of M &amp;gt; 0, seem to be explainable in terms of a ``finite-orbit'' theory, although other effects seem also to be present.
A robust design methodology for Kanban system design (1997)

Many companies are interested in implementing just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing philosophies in response to increased competitive pressures on manufacturing. At the shop floor level, one application of JIT is through the introduction of Kanbans (or cards) so as to control in-process inventory. Traditionally, it has been argued that Kanban systems work well when the shop floor environment is fairly stable. In this paper, we propose and illustrate a methodology, based on the robust design concept of Taguchi, to implement Kanban systems in uncertain environments. We show how this procedure can be used to determine appropriate settings for the decision factors based on the inherent variations on the shop floor. From a managerial perspective, this procedure can be used not only for Kanban system design but also to identify shop floor factors which can be the targets of improvement efforts.
Sexual transmission of simian T-lymphotropic virus type I: a model of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection. (1994)

Simian T-lymphotropic virus type-I (STLV-I) seronegative females placed together with seropositive males for breeding purposes were followed from 1984-1990 to determined seroconversion rates by enzyme immunoassay and western immunoblot analysis. Two of 26 females and 1 of 4 males previously negative for antibodies to STLV-I seroconverted during the study period. Statistical analysis of sexual encounters indicated that the probability of a seronegative female testing positive for STLV-I after a sexual encounter with a seropositive male is less than 4%. These data indicate that even though sexual contact is important in the transmission of STLV-I, it may not be an efficient mode of viral infection. These data also suggest that female-to-male transmission of STLV-I occurs, as recently reported for human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection. These results are important because HTLV-I and STLV-I share many features in common including routes of viral transmission. In addition, the difficulty of clearly quantitating the risk of sexual transmission in humans makes the primate animal model a valuable alternative to study the human infection.
Cooperative Deep Q-Learning With Q-Value Transfer for Multi-Intersection Signal Control (2019)

The problem of adaptive traffic signal control in the multi-intersection system has attracted the attention of researchers. Among the existing methods, reinforcement learning has shown to be effective. However, the complex intersection features, heterogeneous intersection structures, and dynamic coordination for multiple intersections pose challenges for reinforcement learning-based algorithms. This paper proposes a cooperative deep Q-network with Q-value transfer (QT-CDQN) for adaptive multi-intersection signal control. In QT-CDQN, a multi-intersection traffic network in a region is modeled as a multi-agent reinforcement learning system. Each agent searches the optimal strategy to control an intersection by a deep Q-network that takes the discrete state encoding of traffic information as the network inputs. To work cooperatively, the agent considers the influence of the latest actions of its adjacencies in the process of policy learning. Especially, the optimal Q-values of the neighbor agents at the latest time step are transferred to the loss function of the Q-network. Moreover, the strategy of the target network and the mechanism of experience replay are used to improve the stability of the algorithm. The advantages of QT-CDQN lie not only in the effectiveness and scalability for the multi-intersection system but also in the versatility to deal with the heterogeneous intersection structures. The experimental studies under different road structures show that the QT-CDQN is competitive in terms of average queue length, average speed, and average waiting time when compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Furthermore, the experiments of recurring congestion and occasional congestion validate the adaptability of the QT-CDQN to dynamic traffic environments.
Microstructural Alterations of Retinal Arterial Blood Column along the Vessel Axis in Systemic Hypertension (2010)

Purpose. Image analysis by the retinal vessel analyzer (RVA) observes retinal vessels in their dynamic state online noninvasively along a chosen vessel segment. It has been found that high-frequency diameter changes in the retinal artery blood column along the vessel increase significantly in anamnestically healthy volunteers with increasing age and in patients with glaucoma during vascular dilation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether longitudinal sections of the retinal artery blood column are altered in systemic hypertension. Methods. Retinal arteries of 15 untreated patients with essential arterial hypertension (age, 50.9 +/- 11.9 years) and of 15 age-matched anamnestically healthy volunteers were examined by RVA. After baseline assessment, a monochromatic luminance flicker (530-600 nm; 12.5 Hz; 20 s) was applied to evoke retinal vasodilation. Differences in amplitude and frequency of spatial artery blood column diameter change along segments (longitudinal arterial profiles) of 1 mm in length were measured and analyzed using Fourier transformation. Results. In the control group, average reduced power spectra (ARPS) of longitudinal arterial profiles did not differ when arteries changed from constriction to dilation. In the systemic hypertension group, ARPS during constriction, baseline, and restoration were identical and differed from ARPS during dilation (P < 0.05). Longitudinal arterial profiles in both groups showed significant dissimilitude at baseline and restoration (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The retinal artery blood column demonstrates microstructural alterations in systemic hypertension and is less irregular along the vessel axis during vessel dilation. These microstructural changes may be an indication of alterations in vessel wall rigidity, vascular endothelial function, and smooth muscle cells in this disease, leading to impaired perfusion and regulation.
Improvements in cardiovascular risk profile after large-volume lipoplasty: A 1-year follow-up study (2001)

Should these results be confirmed in larger studies, lipoplasty may prove to be a valuable tool for reducing some of the co-morbid conditions associated with obesity. (Aesthetic Surg J 2001;21:527-531.).
Beneficial Reuse and Sustainability: The Fate of Organic Compounds in Land‐Applied Waste (2005)

Land application systems, also referred to as beneficial reuse systems, are engineered systems that have defined and permitted application areas based on site and waste characteristics to determine the land area size requirement. These terrestrial systems have orders of magnitude greater microbial capability and residence time to achieve decomposition and assimilation compared with aquatic systems. In this paper we focus on current information and information needs related to terrestrial fate pathways in land treatment systems. Attention is given to conventional organic chemicals as well as new estrogenic and pharmaceutical chemicals of commerce. Specific terrestrial fate pathways addressed include: decomposition, bound residue formation, leaching, runoff, and crop uptake. Molecular decomposition and formation of bound residues provide the basis for the design and regulation of land treatment systems. These mechanisms allow for assimilation of wastes and nondegradation of the environment and accomplish the goal of sustainable land use. Bound residues that are biologically produced are relatively immobile, degrade at rates similar to natural soil materials, and should present a significantly reduced risk to the environment as opposed to parent contaminants. With regard to leaching and runoff pathways, no comprehensive summary or mathematical model of organic chemical migration from land treatment systems has been developed. For the crop uptake pathway, a critical need exists to develop information for nonagricultural chemicals and to address full-scale performance and monitoring at more land application sites. The limited technology choices for treatment of biosolids, liquids, and other wastes implies that acceptance of some risks and occurrence of some benefits will continue to characterize land application practices that contribute directly to the goal of beneficial reuse and sustainability.
Correlations and Co-Occurrences of Taxa: the Role of Temporal, Geographic and Taxonomic Restrictions (2011)

Correlation between occurrences of taxa is a fundamental concept in the analysis of presence-absence data. Such correlations can result from ecologically relevant processes, such as existence and evolution of species communities. Correlations are typically quantified by some sort of similarity index based on co-occurrence counts. We argue that the individual values of a similarity index are not useful as such: rather, we have to be able to estimate the statistical significance of the index value. Secondly, we argue that before computing the correlations one has to carefully select what is the underlying base set of locations for which the co-occurrence counts, similarity indices, and their significance is computed. We demonstrate base set selection with synthetic examples and conclude with an analysis of real data from a large database of fossil land mammals.
Supplementary Table 5 from microRNA-Associated Progression Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Targets Identified by Integrated mRNA and microRNA Expression Profiling in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 58K, Cox analysis including microRNA processing genes and single prognostic microRNAs.&lt;/p&gt;
[Comparison of 2 extraction methods of immunoglobulins A and serum albumin in sputum]. (1983)

The concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA) and serum albumin (SA) determined in sputum by electro-immunoassay have been compared after the extraction of proteins by two methods: 1) ion exchange chromatography and 2) mechanical agitation at high ionic strength. No significant difference of IgA is observed between the two methods. On the contrary, a very significant decrease in the concentration of SA is observed by the chromatographic extraction which is incomplete when pH - value of extract is lower than that of the isoelectric point of SA.
Performance aspects of reference clock distribution for evolving digital networks (1989)

Recent reference clock distribution technologies are reviewed. Performance concepts and specification methodologies for synchronization system designs are then summarized. The focus is on the common master-slave synchronization designs, generally consisting of three subsystems: the primary clock supply, the slave clock supply, and the clock distribution system overlaid on the digital network. Network synchronization performance is specified with relative clock frequency stability and accuracy of the corresponding reference clock. An overview is also given of clock and jitter and wander specification methodologies discussed in CCITT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The importance of dielectric biaxiality for ferroelectric liquid crystal devices (1991)

Abstract The dielectric biaxiality of SCE13, a commercially available ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mixture, has been measured. The results have been used to compare theoretically predicted AC field stabilization effects and the voltages for response time minima with experiment.
The Relay Chain: A Scalable Dynamic Communication Link between an Exploratory Underwater Shoal and a Surface Vehicle (2014)

In this paper we present the Relay Chain: a new algorithm central to a novel strategy for exploring underwater environments using a swarm of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The Relay Chain provides a mobile, scalable and dynamic communication link between the water’s surface and a shoal of AUVs exploring the sea bed. The chain tracks the shoal as it explores, recruiting and returning AUVs from and to the shoal to modulate the length of the chain as required. The chain can instruct the shoal to reverse course when it travels too far from the starting point and there are no further AUVs to recruit. Given the challenging underwater environment, chain breakages are however inevitable, and as such we consider a number of recovery strategies to address chain breakages and minimise the time for which messages destined to the surface from the shoal are delayed. A simple ‘turn and search’ strategy is contrasted with strategies that depend on absolute positioning systems of varying accuracy. Implementing underwater absolute positioning systems is challenging, and our results highlight how accurate such a system must be to outperform more naive strategies, and hence be considered a worthwhile investment. We find the accuracy must be within 20cm, being 40% of AUV sensor range.