gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards safe distributed application development (2004)

Distributed application development is overly tedious, as the dynamic composition of distributed components is hard to combine with static safety with respect to types (type safety) and data (encapsulation). Achieving such safety usually goes through specific compilation to generate the glue between components, or making use of a single programming language for all individual components with a hardwired abstraction for the distributed interaction. In this paper, we investigate general-purpose programming language features for supporting third-party implementations of programming abstractions for distributed interaction among components. We report from our experiences in developing a stock market application based on type-based publish/subscribe (TPS) implemented (1) as a library in standard Java as well as with (2) a homegrown extension of the Java language augmented with specific primitives for TPS, motivated by the lacks of former implementation. We then revisit the library approach, investigating the impact of genericity, reflective features, and the type system, on the implementation of a satisfactory TPS library. We then discuss the impact of these features also on other distributed programming abstractions, and hence on the engineering of distributed applications in general, pointing out lacks of mainstream programming environments such as Java as well as .NET.
Slat Noise Reduction Based on Turbulence Attenuation Downstream of Shear-layer Reattachment (2022)

This study investigates a slat noise reduction method based on turbulence attenuation downstream of the shear-layer reattachment by increasing the distance between the reattachment point of the shear-layer in the slat cove and the slat trailing edge. Parametric studies using a very large eddy simulation are conducted for many modified slat geometries that combine two different approaches. One is to extend the slat chord near the trailing edge, and the other is to attach a bump on the slat lower surface. The trailing edge extensions well reduce the pressure disturbance at the slat trailing edge and considerably reduce the noise level in lower frequency range where the narrow band peaks are dominant. The bump with a smaller radius of curvature, which is about 20% of the slat chord length, rapidly attenuates the pressure disturbance downstream of the reattachment point, resulting in reductions of higher frequency broadband noise as well. In the case of 30P30N geometry, it is found that even smaller slat modifications can achieve a noise reduction of almost 10 dB. The physics of noise reduction mechanism and its general characteristics are also described from the obtained results.
AKR1Encodes a Candidate Effector of the Gβγ Complex in theSaccharomyces cerevisiaePheromone Response Pathway and Contributes to Control of both Cell Shape and Signal Transduction (1996)

Mating pheromones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae control both signal transduction events and changes in cell shape. The G beta gamma complex of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein activates the signal transduction pathway, leading to transcriptional induction and cell cycle arrest, but how pheromone-dependent signalling leads to cell shape changes is unclear. We used a two-hybrid system to search for proteins that interact with the G beta gamma complex and that might be involved in cell shape changes. We identified the ankyrin repeat-containing protein Akr1p and show here that it interacts with the free G beta gamma complex. This interaction may be regulated by pheromone, since Akr1p is excluded from the G alpha beta gamma heterotrimer. Both haploid and diploid cells lacking Akr1p grow slowly and develop deformed buds or projections, suggesting that this protein participates in the control of cell shape. In addition, Akr1p has a negative influence on the pheromone response pathway. Epistasis analysis demonstrates that this negative effect does not act on the G beta gamma complex but instead affects the kinase cascade downstream of G beta gamma, so that the kinase Ste20p and components downstream of Ste20p (e.g., Ste11p and Ste7p) are partially activated in cells lacking Akr1p. Although the elevated signalling is eliminated by deletion of Ste20p (or components downstream of Ste20p), the growth and morphological abnormalities of cells lacking Akr1p are not rescued by deletion of any of the known pheromone response pathway components. We therefore propose that Akr1p negatively affects the activity of a protein that both controls cell shape and contributes to the pheromone response pathway upstream of Ste20p but downstream of G beta gamma. Specifically, because recent evidence suggests that Bem1p, Cdc24p, and Cdc42p can act in the pheromone response pathway, we suggest that Akr1p affects the functions of these proteins, by preventing them from activating mating-specific targets including the pheromone-responsive kinase cascade, until G beta gamma is activated by pheromone.
A counterexample in linear-quadratic games: Existence of nonlinear Nash solutions (1974)

Via a 2-stage linear-quadratic 2-person nonzero-sum game, we show that such decision problems might admit nonlinear Nash solutions. As compared with the linear strategy, a nonlinear Nash policy might lead to a better performance for at least one of the players.
Life history of mouse sperm protein. Intratesticular stages. (1979)

A basic protein fraction, migrating as a single band in acetic acid-urea gel, distinct from histones, was isolated from mouse sperm collected from vasa deferentia and caudae epididymides and was used to immunize female rabbits. The presence of antibodies to the mouse sperm protein (MSP) in the rabbit antisera was demonstrated by a cytoimmunofluorescence procedure using the cells of origin of the antigenic protein, the mature mouse sperm. The specificity of the antisera was verified by fluid and gel precipitation tests and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The latter procedure demonstrated the presence of two antigen-antibody systems, consonant with earlier reports that the basic chromosomal protein of mouse sperm is heterogeneous. MSP antigen in situ was recognized by the specific antibodies of the rabbit antisera only after the smear of mature sperm was treated with either of two reducing agents: 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. However, when the immunofluorescence procedure was applied to untreated smears of mouse testicular cells, spermatids of all stages from 1 to 14-15 were positive, while spermatocytes, stage 16 spermatids and spermatozoa were negative. After treatment of testes smears with reducing agent, only spermatocytes remained negative. Those observations indicate the following: (a) MSP is immunogenic in a heterologous species; (b) its antigenic sites are detectable in spermatozoa and spermatids of all stages, but not in primary spermatocytes; (c) those antigenic sites become masked at about stage 15 of spermiogenesis and may be unmasked by treatment with a reducing agent. The interpretation is made, therefore, that one or more components of MSP are assembled at the beginning of spermiogenesis and undergo an alteration in the final intratesticular stage of spermatid maturation. That alteration may be presumed to be the formation of disulfide linkages between the cysteine residues.
Is microdebt good for poor people? A note on the dark side of microfinance (2000)

This note focuses on the ‘downside’ of microfinance: on the way in which some microfinance activities can damage the prospects of poor people. It is not a polemic that argues that microfinance has failed—there is much evidence, not least from my work with colleagues, that it can help many poor people improve their lives. Rather, it is a reminder that those who provide microfinancial services (referred to here as MFIs, or microfinance institutions, but recognizing that many institutions also provide enterprise development or social development services) need to monitor carefully not only their positive impacts but also their negative effects, look to the future, and not rest on their laurels. The ‘microfinance industry’ needs to practice more humility about what it has achieved (outside of Bangladesh it has not even scratched the surface of poverty, for example in Kenya less than 70 000 people out of an estimated 9 to 10 million poor people have access to microfinance) and deepen its understanding of the financial service needs of poor people (see Rutherford in this issue).
Pharmacological Inhibition of Fatty Acid Oxidation as a Novel Therapeutic Concept for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 3779 Poster Board III-715 Otto Warburg proposed that the origin of cancer cells was closely linked to a permanent respiratory defect that bypassed the Pasteur effect, i.e. the inhibition of anaerobic fermentation by oxygen. We have recently demonstrated in leukemia cells that mitochondrial uncoupling, i.e. the abrogation of ATP synthesis in response to mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), promotes the Warburg effect, contributes to chemo-resistance and represents a metabolic shift to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Exposure of leukemic cells to marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) promotes accumulation of lactate and reduces MMP. Stroma/leukemia co-cultures protect leukemia cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. We found that he decrease in MMP was mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP2) (Cancer Res. 68:5198,2008). We therefore proposed that the Warburg effect may be the result of preferential oxidation of fatty acids in cancer cell mitochondria (Cancer Res.69:2163,2009). Here we demonstrate that leukemia cells uncouple FAO from ATP synthesis, and that pharmacological inhibition of FAO with etomoxir or ranolazine inhibits proliferation and sensitizes leukemia cells – cultured alone or on bone marrow stromal cells – to apoptosis induction by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 and the MDM-2 antagonist Nutlin 3a. Results suggest that leukemia cells rely, at least in part, on de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) to support FAO. Furthermore, treatment with the FAS inhibitor orlistat sensitized leukemia cells to apoptosis induction by ABT-737. Mechanistically, mitochondria derived from etomoxir treated leukemia cells were sensitized to release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing-factor (AIF) upon treatment with ABT-737. Etomoxir (EX) facilitated the formation of Bak oligomers after treatment with ABT-737 suggesting that FAO regulates the activity of Bak-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition. Lastly, we present evidence that EX, in combination with liposomal ABT-737 or cytosine arabinoside (AraC), provides significant therapeutic benefit in a murine model of human leukemia (luciferase/GFP marked MOLT13 cells) as evidenced by reduced in vivo growth kinetics (BLI) and prolonged median survival (ABT-737 vs. EX+ABT-737, p=&lt;0.05; AraC vs.EX+AraC,p&lt;0.0001 ). Conclusions: 1) results support the notion that the Warburg effect may be the result of preferential oxidation of fatty acids by leukemia mitochondria. 2) Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is proposed as a novel therapeutic concept for hematological malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Local Spectroscopy and Atomic Imaging of Tunneling Current, Forces, and Dissipation on Graphite (2005)

Theory predicts that the currents in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and the attractive forces measured in atomic force microscopy (AFM) are directly related. Atomic images obtained in an attractive AFM mode should therefore be redundant because they should be similar to STM. Here, we show that while the distance dependence of current and force is similar for graphite, constant-height AFM and STM images differ substantially depending on the distance and bias voltage. We perform spectroscopy of the tunneling current, the frequency shift, and the damping signal at high-symmetry lattice sites of the graphite (0001) surface. The dissipation signal is about twice as sensitive to distance as the frequency shift, explained by the Prandtl-Tomlinson model of atomic friction.
Production of eicosapentaenoic acid by freshwaterVibrio (1992)

Abstract Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), were fed a moist pellet diet based on casein, dextrin and coconut oil in fresh water. The diet contained substantial amounts of saturated fatty acids, especially 12∶0. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the n−3 series were not detected in the diet, but analysis of the intestinal liquor stripped from the charr showed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5n−3) accounted for 3.5% of fatty acids in total lipid. Colony forming units (CFU) of aerobic microorganisms were approximately 10 4 per mL intestinal liquor. Seventeen bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal liquor were screened for EPA production. Four isolates contained a high proportion of EPA in their total lipid. These isolates belong to the species Vibrio .
Optical direct-detection OFDM signal generation for radio-over-fiber link using frequency doubling scheme with carrier suppression (2008)

This investigation demonstrates the generation of OFDM-RoF signal using frequency doubling technique for the first time, to the author's best knowledge. The 4-Gb/s OFDM signal using 16-QAM format modulated on each subcarrier at a center frequency of 19GHz is experimentally demonstrated. Benchmarked against the OOK format, the 16-QAM OFDM format has the higher spectral efficiency with a sensitivity penalty of less than 2.6 dB. After transmission over 50-km single mode fiber, the power penalties of RF OOK and OFDM signals are less than 0.5 dB.
Study on analytical method of large-scale flow structures in drag-reducing turbulent boundary layer flow by using machine learning (2020)

We performed stereoscopic PIV measurements for the drag-reducing turbulent boundary layer flows by injecting surfactant aqueous solution. For the case of the high drag reduction ratio, large-scale turbulence structures were often observed in the fluctuating velocity field. In this study, we discussed two kinds of machine learning methods for the quantitative evaluation of such large-scale flow structures. One is the identification by using the second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor whose differential values are calculated by machine learning. The other is the cluster analysis method by using experimented data on streamwise fluctuation velocity.
Platelet Production in the Pulmonary Capillary Bed (2000)

Although there is substantial evidence indicating that platelets are released from megakaryocytes in the capillary bed of the lung, this concept has not been universally accepted because much of the evidence has been indirect. To more definitively substantiate that platelet production takes place in the lungs, megakaryocyte and platelet production was accelerated in mice by phlebotomy or by administration of thrombopoietin, and ultrastructural analysis was performed on lung specimens. Intact megakaryocytes, megakaryocyte fragments with numerous demarcated platelet fields, dissociating intact platelets, and denuded megakaryocyte nuclei were seen in the pulmonary capillaries of mice. In addition, some megakaryocyte nuclei exhibited the morphological counterpart of apoptosis. These observations provide evidence for platelet release in the capillary bed of the lungs during stimulated as well as reactive thrombocytosis without precluding observations that some "proplatelets" form in the sinusoids of the bone marrow before transmigration of intact megakaryocytes into the circulation.
A molecular noise model for THz channels (2015)

The recent interest in the use of THz band, 0:1-10THz, for communications purposes stimulates development of new models for performance assessment of prospective technologies. One of the unique properties of this band is molecular noise generated by water vapor in response to absorption of electromagnetic radiation. In this paper we specify a model capturing the behavior of the molecular noise in the frequency domain and propose the associated parameters fitting algorithm. The model has a simple structure and can be used as a building block for bit error rate (BER) performance assessment.
Semantic requirements on information integration for diagnostic maturation (2002)

The diagnostic maturation process requires those who support complex systems to have ready access to design, maintenance, and other logistic support information sources. The heterogeneous nature of these sources poses unique challenges to those who would extract meaningful knowledge from them. There have been numerous Information Integration efforts over the last ten or so years, with varying degrees of success. There have been data exchange standards created for product data that concern primarily the design and manufacturing aspects of the product life cycle. Finally, there are information-based standards in the diagnostic design and implementation phases that utilize formalisms for representing the semantics of the data and knowledge over which they operate. This paper will look at each of these aspects of the Information Integration challenge and examine them for their relevance to the issues inherent in the collection and integration of information that supports diagnostic maturation.
Numerical Simulations of Pre-Chamber Combustion in an Optically Accessible RCEM (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this work, numerical simulations of an automotive-sized scavenged pre-chamber mounted in an optically-accessible rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM) have been carried out using two different turbulence models: Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The RANS approach is combined with the G-equation combustion model, whereas the LES approach is coupled with the flamelet generated manifold (FGM) model for partially-premixed combustion. Simulation results are compared with experimental data in terms of OH* chemiluminescence in the main chamber. Both RANS and LES results were found to qualitatively reproduce the main features observed experimentally in terms of spatial flame development. Simulation results are further analysed by means of early flame propagation within the pre-chamber (related to the fuel and turbulence intensity distributions) and the ignition process in the main chamber. During the turbulence jet ignition (TJI) process, the analysis of the LES progress variable variance reveals that during the intensive jet mixing the mixture in the main chamber is predominantly ignited by autoignition followed by a progressive transition to a deflagrative premixed flame propagation mode. For the lean fuel-air mixture considered (λ=2) the mixing of the additional fuel (previously injected into the pre-chamber) within the main chamber was found to play a major role on the ignition process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Entanglement networks of 1,2‐polybutadiene crosslinked in states of strain. IV. States of ease and stress–strain behavior (1978)

Abstract Linear 1,2‐polybutadiene, glass transition temperature ( T g ) −18°C, is crosslinked at −10°C, to −20°C by γ irradiation while strained in simple extension, with extension, ratios (λ 0 ) from 1.2 to 2.7. After release, the sample retracts to a state of ease (λ s ) at room temperature. From equilibrium stress–strain measurements up to a stretch ratio relative to the state of ease (Λ) of 1.2, together with λ 0 and λ s , the concentration of network strands terminated by trapped entanglements (ν N ) is calculated. For this purpose, a three‐constant Mooney–Rivlin formulation is used, in which the entanglement network is described by Mooney–Rivlin coefficients C 1 N and C 2 N , whereas the crosslink networks is described by the coefficient C 1 x only. The ratio ψ N = C 2 N /( C 1 N + C 2 N ) is estimated from parallel studies of nonlinear stress relaxation of the uncrosslinked polymer, taking into account the thermal history before and during irradiation. For substantial degrees of crosslinking, i.e., for R 0′ = ν x /ν N &gt; 0.4 (where ν N is the concentration of network strands terminated by crosslinks), and for λ 0 &lt; 1.8, C 2 N agrees rather well with the value obtained from stress relaxation of the uncrosslinked polymer in the range of time scale where it is nearly independent of time (1.87 X 10 5 pascals). The corresponding value of ν N is 2.3 × 10 −4 moles/cm 3 , in good agreement with that obtained from viscoelastic measurements of the uncrosslinked polymer in the plateau zone (2.5 × 10 −4 ). However, for R 0′ ≅ 0.2, smaller values of C 2 N and ν N are obtained, indicating that for low degrees of crosslinking the entanglements are not completely trapped. Also, for higher values of λ 0 , C 2 N and ν N turn out to be somewhat smaller. Similar, less extensive results were obtained previously on a 1,2‐polybutadiene with somewhat higher vinyl content and a higher T g . Crosslinked samples of both these polymers were subjected to equilibrium stress–strain measurements in simple elongation from the state of ease at higher strains up to Λ = 1.7. The results agreed closely with calculations from the three‐constant Mooney–Rivlin theory.
Distinctly Different Reactivities of Two Similar Polyoxoniobates with Hydrogen Peroxide (2008)

Peroxoniobatspezies werden beobachtet, wenn Nioboxide als Photokatalysatoren oder zur Bindung von Radionukliden eingesetzt werden. Die Reaktionen von [Nb6O19]8− und [Nb10O28]6− mit Wasserstoffperoxid unterscheiden sich, und [N(CH3)4]5[H3Nb6O13(O(I)2)6]⋅9.5 H2O wurde als erste Peroxopolyoxoniobat-Spezies strukturanalytisch charakterisiert (siehe Bild; Nb grau, O rot, H weiß).
Supplementary figure S4 from EphA2 Expression Is a Key Driver of Migration and Invasion and a Poor Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical relevance of EphA2 expression in CRC tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Triptycenemonohydroquinonedibenzoquinone by Comproportionation (2021)

Triptycenetribenzoquinone (BQ)<sub>3</sub>, where the three benzene rings of triptycene are replaced by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) rings, is known to be reduced to triptycenetrihydroquinone (HQ)<sub>3</sub>. In contrast, a molecule where both BQ and HQ moieties coexist in a triptycene framework has never been reported. In this study, triptycenemonohydroquinonedibenzoquinone ((HQ)<sub>1</sub>(BQ)<sub>2</sub>) in which one HQ unit and two BQ units coexist was generated by comproportionation between (BQ)<sub>3</sub> and (HQ)<sub>3</sub> and isolated by recrystallization. We obtained two types of crystals with different hydrogen-bonding structures by changing the cosolvents.
Langevin Dynamics for Inverse Reinforcement Learning of Stochastic Gradient Algorithms (2020)

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to estimate the reward function of optimizing agents by observing their response (estimates or actions). This paper considers IRL when noisy estimates of the gradient of a reward function generated by multiple stochastic gradient agents are observed. We present a generalized Langevin dynamics algorithm to estimate the reward function $R(\theta)$; specifically, the resulting Langevin algorithm asymptotically generates samples from the distribution proportional to $\exp(R(\theta))$. The proposed IRL algorithms use kernel-based passive learning schemes. We also construct multi-kernel passive Langevin algorithms for IRL which are suitable for high dimensional data. The performance of the proposed IRL algorithms are illustrated on examples in adaptive Bayesian learning, logistic regression (high dimensional problem) and constrained Markov decision processes. We prove weak convergence of the proposed IRL algorithms using martingale averaging methods. We also analyze the tracking performance of the IRL algorithms in non-stationary environments where the utility function $R(\theta)$ jump changes over time as a slow Markov chain.