gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robinia aurata n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Hemiuridae) from the mugilid Liza aurata with a molecular confirmation of its position within the Hemiuroidea (2006)

Robinia aurata n. g., n. sp. is described from Liza aurata (Mugilidae), the golden grey mullet, from the Ebro Delta, Spanish Mediterranean. The new genus differs from all other hemiurid genera in the combined possession of muscular flanges and a vestigial ecsoma. Within the Bunocotylinae, which currently accommodates 2 genera, Bunocotyle and Saturnius, the new genus exhibits a unique combination of blind caeca, Juel's organ, post-ovarian bulk of the uterus in the hind-body, and tegumental papillae surrounding the oral and ventral sucker apertures. Furthermore, Robinia n. g. differs from both Bunocotyle and Saturnius in the nature of the muscular extensions around the oral sucker, with the shape of a muscular belt in the latter and numerous muscular papillae in the former. The phylogenetic hypothesis for the Bunocotylinae developed from sequence data analyses based on partial lsrDNA and complete ssrDNA combined (22 species) and V4 domain of the ssrRNA gene (37 species) supports the erection of the new genus and confirms its position within the Hemiuroidea. Both molecular analyses confirmed the monophyly of the Hemiuroidea, its division into 2 major clades and the polyphyly of the Derogenidae, as in previous studies, and suggest that the Gonocercinae (with 2 genera, Gonocerca and Hemipera), may require a distinct familial status. Finally, there was poor support for the distinct status of the Lecithasteridae and Hemiuridae, following previous suggestions based on different sequence data sets. A key to genera of the Bunocotylinae is presented.
Stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange is not required for induction of hypertrophy of renal cells in vitro. (1992)

Hypertrophy of renal proximal tubular cells is associated with an early increase in Na+/H+ antiport activity both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of the study presented here was to determine whether functioning Na+/H+ antiport activity is required for hypertrophy to occur. LLC-PK1 cells deficient in Na+/H+ antiport activity were prepared by the "proton-suicide" method. Mutant cells had 28 to 40% of the normal Na+/H+ antiport activity. The addition of 50 nM methylisobutylamiloride to these cells decreased the antiport activity to less than 5% of the control value. In the mutant cells, steady-state intracellular pH was normal as was the protein content. After exposure of the wild-type cells for 72 h to 10(-6) M insulin and 10(-9) M insulin-like growth factor 1, cell protein content increased significantly. The increase in protein content induced by these growth factors in the mutant cells did not differ significantly from the response of the wild-type cells. Lowering the Na+/H+ exchange further by the addition of methylisobutylamiloride (50 nM) to less than 5% of the control value did not blunt the hypertrophic response in the mutant cells. These studies indicate that hypertrophy can be induced in LLC-PK1 cells by growth factors when basal Na+/H+ antiport activity is reduced to low levels by selective mutation or by competitive inhibition. The results suggest that stimulation of the Na+/H+ antiporter is not an essential prerequisite for the induction of hypertrophy in renal cells.
Average African American Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Skull Images (1998)

The production of average 'normative' three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography surface images of the bony skull has only recently been explored. The authors wish to determine the effect of using sex- and ethnicity-specific adult average 3D skull images for comparisons with patient images at various stages of craniofacial surgical management (i.e., diagnosis, treatment planning, prosthetic design, image-guided operative procedures, and outcomes assessment). Craniofacial surgical reconstruction for abnormal patterns of development, cancer resection, or trauma are most likely to benefit from these comparisons. To morphometrically test the significance of separating normative 3D skull data by sex and ethnicity, the authors collected 52 3D, anatomical landmarks from 3D computed tomography scans of dry skulls of 20 Americans of European ethnicity and 20 Americans of primarily African (i.e., primarily African and some European) ethnicity. A Procrustes-based morphometric analysis of shape detects 1.2 times as much interethnic variance as intersex variance. The African American sample presents 4.2% more dolichocephaly, wider orbits, flatter nasal area, larger gnathic anatomy, and more procumbent dentition. Pooling the sexes across both groups, it is seen that men tend to have less bulbous crania, more protruding brows, noses, and masticatory muscle attachments, and relatively less protrusive palettes and anterior mandibles. Despite a small sample size (N = 40), the authors' results are statistically significant (P approximately 0.001 overall) for both of the main factors, sex and ethnicity, separately.
Pharmacokinetic Alteration of Paclitaxel by Ferulic Acid Derivative (2019)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) and modulation of pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of substrate drugs. Here, we studied the effects of synthesized ferulic acid (FA) derivatives on P-gp function in vitro and examined PK alteration of paclitaxel (PTX), a well-known P-gp substrate drug by the derivative. Compound <b>5c</b>, the FA derivative chosen as a significant P-gp inhibitor among eight FA candidates by in vitro results, increased PTX AUC<sub>inf</sub> as much as twofold versus the control by reducing PTX elimination in rats. These results suggest that FA derivative can increase PTX bioavailability by inhibiting P-gp existing in eliminating organs.
Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells from osteoarthritic joints in dogs possess lower chondrogenic-, and higher osteogenic capacity compared to normal joints (2022)

The OA environment had adverse effects on the regenerative potential of cSM-MPCs, corroborated by decreased CFU, population doubling, and chondrogenic capacity compared to normal cSM-MPCs. OA cSM-MPCs may be a less optimal candidate for the cell-based treatment of OA than normal cSM-MPCs.
A Solid-State Processing Approach to Enhance the Mechanical Performance of Polyolefins (2018)

This study aims to present and evaluate the use of solid-state processing for improving the mechanical properties of polyolefins. Isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) was selected to be studied due to its inferior mechanical properties in comparison to common plastics such as polyethylene (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Recently, i-PP has garnered attention due to its attributes such as low-cost and recyclability. However, it requires additional processing to improve its mechanical performance. In this study, cryomilling was used to introduce various concentrations (0.2 - 1 wt. %) of diparamethyldibenzyldiene sorbitol (MDBS), as reinforcing agent, into the i-PP polymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the structural and thermal characteristics of the generated blends. Compression molding was utilized to fabricate thin films, and subsequently subjected to tensile testing using a universal testing machine. Results from DSC indicate the ability of cryomilling to generate a homogenous blend by indicating an increase in the crystallization temperature. Moreover, results from the tensile tests showed an increase in tensile strength. The improvements in the mechanical properties of polyolefins with the addition of sorbitol-derivatives can be attributed to the reduction in the average spherulite size of the polymer.
Porous graphite air-bearing components as applied to machine tools (1974)

Considerable work has been done at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant on the application of porous-graphite restricted, externally pressurized air bearings to machine tool and gaging.
Monitoring of pulmonary function in Pompe disease: a muscle disease with new therapeutic perspectives (2005)

Monitoring of pulmonary function and timely initiation of noninvasive ventilation should be a focus in supportive care for patients with muscular disorders. In the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Pellegrini et al. 1 focus on this aspect in patients with late-onset Pompe disease (glycogenosis type II, acid maltase deficiency) 1. In Pompe disease, correct monitoring of pulmonary function and initiation of supportive care is even more relevant since new therapeutic developments are underway. The first reports on the effects of enzyme therapy for this disease are promising 2–4.

Pompe disease is an autosomal, recessive, metabolic myopathy caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-glucosidase, which is involved in the degradation of glycogen. The disease has an estimated frequency of one in 40,000 and may present at any age 5, 6. Disease severity relates to the level of enzyme activity. Infants with a virtual absence of α-glucosidase show symptoms shortly after birth. They do not reach major motor milestones, such as sitting and standing, due to progressive muscle weakness. A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characteristically present and classic infantile patients generally die before 1 yr of age due to cardiorespiratory failure. Pompe disease may also occur in older children and adults. In this late-onset or nonclassic form of the disease, progression is much slower and patients finally become wheelchair bound and ventilator dependent. …
Gravity Field Effects on Zinc Anode Discharge in Alkaline Media (1961)

Under conditions of zero‐gravity such as may prevail in satellites and space vehicles the absence of free convection may represent a major problem in the use of some primary or secondary batteries. An experimental study was carried out on smooth zinc anodes in solutions in which constant current discharge at various current densities was carried out to the point of passivation. By use of three different orientations in the gravitational field, different modes of mass transfer were obtained. An extrapolation of the results for low current density and long duration runs (over 20 sec) led to three limiting current densities values for the three positions. These values were also calculated from theoretical equations using measured or estimated physical properties. The importance of free convection vs. diffusion was also demonstrated by means of incremental fixed current‐time experiments which determined anode capacity to passivation. Physical properties of the system were measured and anodic dissolution studies were made to obtain the necessary data for calculations. The gravity field effects important in systems involving density gradients would become even more important under the influence of larger accelerations in space vehicles or missiles. These accelerations could produce sizable differences in the performance of porous zinc anodes.
<title>Multicolor and dual-band IR camera for missile warning and automatic target recognition</title> (2002)

For applications like missile warning and automatic target recognition, AIM is presently launching its new 3rd generation high speed dual-color module. The focal plane array (FPA) is a mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) 192x192 56micrometers pitch device in a dual-color mid wave (MWIR) design. The module provides spectral selection with temporal and spatial coincidence for both colors using a new AIM proprietary technology. The spectral bands presently selected are 3.4-4 and 4.2-5micrometers with a full frame rate of 870Hz. Prior to the new devices, a sequential multicolor MCT camera with broadband detector and spectral selection using a rotating filter wheel was developed and evaluated. Results are shown to demonstrate the capabilities of spectral selective detection specifically for clutter and false alarm suppression in missile warning applications. A new algorithm was developed to allow highly sensitive detection of missile plumes without any need for non-uniformity correction for long-term stable operation and maximum dynamic range. An outlook is given on new activities at AIM on dual-band devices. The dual-band approach combining mid wave (MWIR) and long wave (LWIR) detection is specifically useful in automatic target recognition. The application, existing devices and the design goal of the new dual-band device are discussed together with experimental results.
Herstellung von substituierten Methylencyclopropanen aus geminalen Dibromcyclopropanen und Carbonylverbindungen (1982)

Abstract Die aus α‐Bromlithiocyclopropanen und Aldehyden oder Ketonen erhältlichen Bromhydrine ( C , 2 , 5 ) werden durch eine O ‐Silylierung mit Chlor‐ oder Iodtrimethylsilan/Hexamethyldisilazan/Pyridin und anschließende Behandlung mit tert ‐Butyllithium in hohen Ausbeuten in Methylencyclopropan‐Derivate ( 4a – f , 7 ) übergeführt. Damit wird diese synthetisch nützliche Substanzklasse leicht zugänglich aus Olefinen, Bromoform und Carbonylverbindungen ( B ).
STX140 and STX641 cause apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and down-regulate survivin and XIAP expression in ovarian and prostate cancer cells. (2009)

Many anticancer drugs target microtubules and induce apoptosis. However, improved microtubule-targeting drugs, such as STX140 and STX641, are being developed. These compounds induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of tumour cells. The mechanisms that induce apoptosis and the key mediators involved are elucidated in this study. Results demonstrate that STX140 and STX641 depolarise mitochondrial bioenergetics and activate caspase 3/7 in A2780, LNCaP and MCF-7 cancer cells. Furthermore, both compounds cause a significant reduction in the expression of survivin and XIAP. This work details the temporal organisation of apoptosis induced by two microtubule disruptors and highlights the role that the down-regulation of survivin and XIAP may play in this process.
Influence of Economizer on Compression Refrigeration Cycle (2010)

The simulation was performed on the performance of a screw compressor system with an economizer using R134a and R22 under the air conditioning condition.The influence of the supply port location,the heat transfer temperature difference of the economizer,the refrigerant subcooling degree at the outlet of the condenser on the performance of the screw compressor system was analyzed.The test was conducted to obtain the data including refrigerating capacity,energy consumption,and the COP in the experiment on the performance of a screw compressor system with and without an economizer.The simulated results are reasonably consistent with the experimental data.The results indicate that the system performance had an optimal value at a certain supply port location for the screw compressor refrigeration system with an economizer.The system performance increased with an increase in heat transfer of the economizer,a decrease in the subcooling degree at the outlet of the condenser,and a drop in the evaporating temperature.In addition,the COP enhancement of the screw compressor refrigeration system with an economizer using R134a was greater than that using R22.
Potential Biomarkers through Genome-wide Expression Analysis of Breast Cancer Samples from Malaysian Patients (2013)

Breast cancer is a serious health concern and still a leading cause of death among women in the world. To explore the complexity of this cancer, we performed microarray analysis on highly selective cancer and normal breast tissues. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes between both tissues and to elucidate further molecular pathways involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. Genome-wide expression profiling was performed on fifteen cancer and five normal breast tissues using the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Gene 1.0 ST array. Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis using filtering parameters of -1.5 to 1.5 fold-change and p-value with False Discovery Rate < 0.05 revealed 404 up-regulated and 463 down-regulated genes. Pathway analysis revealed the significant genes were involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, Hedgehog pathway, histone phosphorylation, TRRAP/Tip60 chromatin remodelling and apoptosis regulation. Among the top 10 significantly overexpressed genes were CENPF, DTL and MK167 and these were related to cell cycle regulation. Among the top 10 significant down-regulated genes, HOXA5 and NRG1 were found to be associated with Wnt signalling pathway and ErbB signalling pathway respectively. Aberrations in these genes are likely to promote breast cancer carcinogenesis. Our current findings highlighted the importance of differentially expressed genes in breast cancer and their molecular pathways that linked these genes. Further studies are required to validate our findings using larger sample size.
Fast modulation and polarization control of infrared emission by incandescent metasurfaces (2020)

Currently, there are no cheap and compact sources in the mid-infrared range that can be modulated at high frequencies. While hot membranes are common IR sources, their thermal inertia limit the modulation rates to a few tens of Hertz. Moreover, available thermal sources are unpolarized, isotropic, broadband and have a low efficiency. However, there is no fundamental limit that imposes these properties. It turns out that they can be strongly modified by using appropriate nanostructures. In this presentation, we report the design, fabrication and characterization of infrared incandescent sources, modulated faster than 10 MHz with a controlled spectrum and polarization.
Tack and Viscoelasticity of Block Copolymer Based Adhesives (1979)

Abstract Tackification of block copolymers of the linear ABA or radial (AB) x type, in which the center block (B) is in the rubbery state at use temperature, follows principles established for other rubbery polymers except for peculiarities of the systems introduced by the block polymer domain structure. Successful pressure-sensitive adhesives result wherever the tackifer is compatible with the rubbery phase, which forms the continuum. Connectivity of the hard phase generally leads to loss in compliance, making tack ultimately contact-limited; whereas tack is low, adhesion can be developed by control of dwell time, temperature and contact pressure. A previously explored criterion for contact limitation, defining a critical minimum 1-second creep compliance, appears to be valid for block polymer-based adhesives, as is the rule that an effective tackifier must raise Tg (in the present case of the rubbery continuum) while also acting as a plasticizer.
Detection of pinholes in the insulator deposited on aluminum metallization (1985)

A method for detecting defects and pinholes in the insulator layer deposited on the aluminum metallization is described. This technique decorates the locations of potential shorts. The technique is useful in optimization of the dielectrics used in multilevel metallization systems for VLSI.
The selective effect of tunicamycin on the secretion of IgM and IgG produced by the same cells (1981)

Cells of the hybridoma cell line X63/38 C-13 secreting both IgM and IgG have been used in studies on the importance of the carbohydrate moieties of the Ig molecules for their secretion. It has been found that the secretion of the IgM produced in the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin was strongly inhibited, while the secretion of the IgG produced by the same cells was only slightly affected.
Glycosaminoglycan Analysis by Cryogenic Messenger-Tagging IR Spectroscopy Combined with IMS-MS (2017)

We combine ion mobility spectrometry with cryogenic, messenger-tagging, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to identify different isomeric disaccharides of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS), which are representatives of two major subclasses of glycosaminoglycans. Our analysis shows that while CS and HS disaccharide isomers have similar drift times, they can be uniquely distinguished by their vibrational spectrum between ∼3200 and 3700 cm<sup>-1</sup> due to their different OH hydrogen-bonding patterns. We suggest that this combination of techniques is well suited to identify and characterize glycan isomers directly, which presents tremendous challenges for existing methods.
New Findings on Hot Carrier Effects in Bulk Silicon MOSFETs (1996)

Hot-carrier currents and degradation for MOSFETs with gate length from 0.8?m down to 0.1 ?m are studied The variations of substrate and gate currents are investigated in a wide voltage range (drain, gate, substrate). The results show that the physical mechanisms responsible for these two currents are substantially different. The substrate current is created by low energy carriers heated by the pinch-off electric field, whereas the gate current is induced by high energy carriers due to the secondary heating at the drain-substrate junction. Finally, the correlation between photon emission phenomena and substrate current, and, between hot-carrier-induced degradation and gate current are underlined.
Association between arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead levels in private wells and birth defects prevalence in North Carolina: a semi-ecologic study (2014)

These findings suggest an ecologic association between higher manganese concentrations in drinking water and the prevalence of conotruncal heart defects.
A growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana integrating image analysis and rosette area modeling for robust quantification of genotype effects (2011)

• To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind biomass accumulation, it is important to study plant growth behavior. Manually phenotyping large sets of plants requires important human resources and expertise and is typically not feasible for detection of weak growth phenotypes. Here, we established an automated growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana to aid researchers in comparing growth behaviors of different genotypes. • The analysis pipeline includes automated image analysis of two-dimensional digital plant images and evaluation of manually annotated information of growth stages. It employs linear mixed-effects models to quantify genotype effects on total rosette area and relative leaf growth rate (RLGR) and ANOVAs to quantify effects on developmental times. • Using the system, a single researcher can phenotype up to 7000 plants d⁻¹. Technical variance is very low (typically < 2%). We show quantitative results for the growth-impaired starch-excess mutant sex4-3 and the growth-enhanced mutant grf9. • We show that recordings of environmental and developmental variables reduce noise levels in the phenotyping datasets significantly and that careful examination of predictor variables (such as d after sowing or germination) is crucial to avoid exaggerations of recorded phenotypes and thus biased conclusions.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Differential Immune Microenvironments and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade among Molecular Subtypes of Murine Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gating strategy for NSC MB Tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
The role of thionins in rice defence against root pathogens (2015)

Thionins are antimicrobial peptides that are involved in plant defence. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of the role of rice thionin genes in defence responses against two root pathogens: the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola and the oomycete Pythium graminicola. The expression of rice thionin genes was observed to be differentially regulated by defence-related hormones, whereas all analysed genes were consistently down-regulated in M. graminicola-induced galls, at least until 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Transgenic lines of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare overproducing OsTHI7 revealed decreased susceptibility to M. graminicola infection and P. graminicola colonization. Taken together, these results demonstrate the role of rice thionin genes in defence against two of the most damaging root pathogens attacking rice.