gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continual Horizontal Federated Learning for Heterogeneous Data (2022)

Federated learning is a promising machine learning technique that enables multiple clients to collaboratively build a model without revealing the raw data to each other. Among various types of federated learning methods, horizontal federated learning (HFL) is the best-studied category and handles homogeneous feature spaces. However, in the case of heterogeneous feature spaces, HFL uses only common features and leaves client-specific features unutilized. In this paper, we propose a HFL method using neural networks named continual horizontal federated learning (CHFL), a continual learning approach to improve the performance of HFL by taking advantage of unique features of each client. CHFL splits the network into two columns corresponding to common features and unique features, respectively. It jointly trains the first column by using common features through vanilla HFL and locally trains the second column by using unique features and leveraging the knowledge of the first one via lateral connections without interfering with the federated training of it. We conduct experiments on various real world datasets and show that CHFL greatly outperforms vanilla HFL that only uses common features and local learning that uses all features that each client has.
In Situ EXAFS Study of SEI Formation on LiCoO2 and LiFePO4 Cathodes (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Flexible multiplex PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus OC43 and influenza A virus in nasopharyngeal swab samples (2022)

The multiplex RT-qPCR design offers an accessible and economical alternative to commercial detection kits for hospitals and laboratories with limited economic resources or facing situations of supply shortage.
Intraventricular flow patterns during right ventricular apical pacing (2019)

In RVA-stimulation, BFM impairment and KE dissipation were found to be significantly associated with LV GLS deterioration, when controlling for potential confounders. Such changes may favour the onset of cardiac remodelling and sustain heart failure.
Recent Developments in Contact Conductance Heat Transfer (1988)

The characteristics of thermal contact conductance are increasingly important in a wide range of technologies. As a consequence, the number of experimental and theoretical investigations of contact conductance has increased. This paper reviews and categorizes recent developments in contact conductance heat transfer. Among the topics included are the theoretical/analytical/numerical studies of contact conductance for conforming surfaces and other surface geometries; the thermal conductance in such technological areas as advanced or modern materials, microelectronics, and biomedicine; and selected topics including thermal rectification, gas conductance, cylindrical contacts, periodic and sliding contacts, and conductance measurements. The paper concludes with recommendations for emerging and continuing areas of investigation.
Participation of peroxynitrite in oxidative modification of LDL by aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke (2002)

Aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke (CSE) can oxidatively modify plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the participation of peroxynitrite in LDL oxidation. When LDL was incubated with CSE, its oxidative modification was dependent on time and concentration. It could be effectively prevented by vitamin E, partially by superoxide dismutase, but hardly by catalase, mannitol and metal chelators. CSE also increased the 3-nitrotyrosine content in LDL. A similar increase of 3-nitrotyrosine occurred after incubation of LDL with a peroxynitrite generating agent, 3-morpholinosydnonimine, thus suggesting that prominent pro-oxidants in CSE are peroxynitrite-generating species.
Frequency Synchronization Algorithms for MIMO-OFDM Systems with Periodic Preambles (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of frequency synchronization in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with periodic preambles. Two Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) and four low complexity Best Linear Unbiased Estimators (BLUEs) are proposed. When cyclic shift delay is applied to periodic preambles, MLEs can adopt a unique structure which employs diversity and correlation calculation in the estimator. We first propose a multiple-antenna estimator named as MLE-MA, which has an estimation range of the entire signal bandwidth. MLE-MAS is a simplified version of MLE-MA, which reduces the computational load at the cost of a narrower estimation range. Moreover, phases or differential phases obtained from the autocorrelation of periodic sequences with different delays can be used to estimate carrier frequency offset (CFO). The weighting coefficients of all BLUEs are derived in closed form and shown to be independent from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). BLUEs have asymptotically consistent variances. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate that all estimators can asymptotically approach the theoretical Cramer Rao Lower bound (CRLB) at different SNRs.
High Precision Positioning Control using High-Power Electrostatic Linear Drive. (1998)

Positioning control with a resolution of nm order is performed using high-power electrostatic linear drive. The authors have developed high-power electrostatic drive called DEMED (Dual Excitation Multiphase Electrostatic Drive). DEMED, espe- cially its linear type, has performed superior dynamic performaces such as a power per weight ratio of 230W/kg and a maximum acceleration of over 100G. In this paper, the first trial of servo control of linear-type DEMED is described. Firstly, the thrust force of DEMED is simply modelled for designing controller and one method of feedback control for single frequency driving method is proposed. Secondly, an electrode position sensor, which is necessary for feedback control, is proposed and fabricated. Finally, high precision positioning control is performed. For the experiments, a linear table which equips an optical linear encoder with a resolu-tion of 6.25nm is fabricated. A linear and stacked type of DEMED is mounted on the linear table. By feeding two different feedback gains depending on the positioning error, positioning control within ±1 pulse (=6.25nm) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmetalation of Tetranuclear Copper Complexes. Part 4. Structural Implications of the Kinetics of Direct Transmetalation of Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complexes by Ni(NS)2 Reagents. (1986)

Abstract The rate laws for direct transmetalations of excesses of the tetranuclear copper(II) Complexes (I) by the Ni complex reagents (II) and (III) in nitrobenzene to give products of type (I) with mixed Cu/Ni metals depends on the molecular geometries of (II) and (III).
Variational Bayesian Methods For Multimedia Problems (2014)

In this paper we present an introduction to Variational Bayesian (VB) methods in the context of probabilistic graphical models, and discuss their application in multimedia related problems. VB is a family of deterministic probability distribution approximation procedures that offer distinct advantages over alternative approaches based on stochastic sampling and those providing only point estimates. VB inference is flexible to be applied in different practical problems, yet is broad enough to subsume as its special cases several alternative inference approaches including Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) and the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. In this paper we also show the connections between VB and other posterior approximation methods such as the marginalization-based Loopy Belief Propagation (LBP) and the Expectation Propagation (EP) algorithms. Specifically, both VB and EP are variational methods that minimize functionals based on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. LBP, traditionally developed using graphical models, can also be viewed as a VB inference procedure. We present several multimedia related applications illustrating the use and effectiveness of the VB algorithms discussed herein. We hope that by reading this tutorial the readers will obtain a general understanding of Bayesian methods and establish connections among popular algorithms used in practice.
Gate-Tunable Plasmon-Enhanced Photodetection in a Monolayer MoS2 Phototransistor with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity (2021)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), direct bandgap materials with an atomically thin nature, are promising materials for electronics and photonics, especially at highly scaled lateral dimensions. However, the characteristically low total absorption of photons in the monolayer TMD has become a challenge in the access to and realization of monolayer TMD-based high-performance optoelectronic functionalities and devices. Here, we demonstrate gate-tunable plasmonic phototransistors (photoFETs) that consist of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) photoFETs integrated with the two-dimensional plasmonic crystals. The plasmonic photoFET has an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 2.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> AW<sup>-1</sup>, achieving a 7.2-fold enhancement in the photocurrent compared to pristine photoFETs. This benefits predominately from the combination of the enhancement of the photon-absorption-rate via the strongly localized-electromagnetic-field and the gate-tunable plasmon-induced photocarrier-generation-rate in the monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>. These results demonstrate a systematic methodology for designing ultrathin plasmon-enhanced photodetectors based on monolayer TMDs for next-generation ultracompact optoelectronic devices in the trans-Moore era.
In-situ metrology in multiwafer reactors during MOVPE of AIN-based UV-LEDs (Conference Presentation) (2017)

UV-LEDs are of great interest for applications like disinfection, gas sensing, and phototherapy. The cost sensitive LEDs are commonly grown by MOVPE on transparent AlN/sapphire templates. The large thermal and lattice mismatch between AlN and sapphire generates a very high dislocation density (DD) and causes big challenges in strain management. The threading dislocation density should be reduced to the order of low 108cm-2 for high internal efficiency of the AlGaN based UV-LED structures. The TDD will be reduced mainly by dislocation annihilation during the growth of thick Al(Ga)N layers, which is a challenge in terms of strain management. We present how in-situ reflectometry and curvature measurement (EpiCurveTT(at)LayTec) in commercial multiwafer growth reactors helps to optimize the growth processes concerning growth rates, surface roughening and avoidance of layer cracking on 2inch substrates and enhance the reproducibility of epitaxial growth. The growth of up to 3 &mu;m thick planar AlN templates and up-to 10 &mu;m thick AlN/sapphire templates by epitaxial lateral overgrowth of stripe patterned templates for UV-C LED structures will be highlighted. The implementation of different types of AlN/GaN superlattices for the subsequent growth of up to 5&mu;m thick Al0.5Ga0.5N layer for UVB LED structures will be shown. Correlations to ex-situ measurements like X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis of defects in the LED structures will be shown. Some challenges of in-situ control through very narrow viewports as in Close Coupled Showerhead reactors will be discussed as well as the influence of silicon doping on curvature and dislocation density in Al(Ga)N layers.
Parallelized computational 3D video microscopy of freely moving organisms at multiple gigapixels per second (2023)

To study the behavior of freely moving model organisms such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fruit flies (Drosophila) across multiple spatial scales, it would be ideal to use a light microscope that can resolve 3D information over a wide field of view (FOV) at high speed and high spatial resolution. However, it is challenging to design an optical instrument to achieve all of these properties simultaneously. Existing techniques for large-FOV microscopic imaging and for 3D image measurement typically require many sequential image snapshots, thus compromising speed and throughput. Here, we present 3D-RAPID, a computational microscope based on a synchronized array of 54 cameras that can capture high-speed 3D topographic videos over a 135-cm^2 area, achieving up to 230 frames per second at throughputs exceeding 5 gigapixels (GPs) per second. 3D-RAPID features a 3D reconstruction algorithm that, for each synchronized temporal snapshot, simultaneously fuses all 54 images seamlessly into a globally-consistent composite that includes a coregistered 3D height map. The self-supervised 3D reconstruction algorithm itself trains a spatiotemporally-compressed convolutional neural network (CNN) that maps raw photometric images to 3D topography, using stereo overlap redundancy and ray-propagation physics as the only supervision mechanism. As a result, our end-to-end 3D reconstruction algorithm is robust to generalization errors and scales to arbitrarily long videos from arbitrarily sized camera arrays. The scalable hardware and software design of 3D-RAPID addresses a longstanding problem in the field of behavioral imaging, enabling parallelized 3D observation of large collections of freely moving organisms at high spatiotemporal throughputs, which we demonstrate in ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus), fruit flies, and zebrafish larvae.
Silver enhancement of nanogold and undecagold (1994)

Silver enhancement of colloidal gold is commonly used to improve visibility of small gold particles in the electron microscope, or to visualize immunogold labeling in the light or confocal microscope. Silver enhancement can also produce a signal visible by eye in such applications as immunodot blotsor staining of gels or transfers with gold reagents. A recent advance in gold technology has been theuse of gold clusters, which are gold compounds, and can be covalently linked to antibodies or other molecules. Two gold clusters developed for such uses are undecagold (Au 11 ), which has a 0.8 nm gold core, and a larger, 1.4 nm gold core cluster, •Nanogold•. Because of their small size, many uses requirefurther enlargement via silver deposition. Here we report quantitative studies of the silver reaction rates for Nanogold and undecagold. These were followed by measuring the UV-visible (UV-vis) spectra at 1 min intervals of solutions of gold clusters mixed with a light insensitive silver enhancer (LI Silver). Solutions were in a 1 cm path length disposable cuvette and spectra were recorded using a Hewlett Packard 8452A diode array spectrophotometer.
Using the Default Option Bias to Influence Decision Making While Driving (2015)

Gaining a better understanding of human–computer interaction in multiple-goal environments, such as driving, is critical as people increasingly use information technology to accomplish multiple tasks simultaneously. Extensive research shows that decision biases can be utilized as effective cues to guide user interaction in single-goal environments. This article is a first step toward understanding the effect of decision biases in multiple-goal environments. This study analyzed data from a field experiment during which a comparison was made between drivers’ decisions on parking lots in a single-goal environment and drivers’ decisions in a multiple-goal environment when being exposed to the default option bias. The article shows that the default option bias is effective in multiple-goal environments. The results have important implications for the design of human–computer interaction in multiple-goal environments.
Mode detection of vector beams by use of crossed-fork-shaped polarization grating fabricated by photoalignment of photo-crosslinkable polymer liquid crystal (2019)

A crossed-fork shaped polarization grating (Crossed-FPG) was developed as a mode demultiplexer for vector beam division multiplexing communication. The Crossed-FPG was fabricated by recording several polarization holograms between optical vortex and Gaussian beam with opposite-handed circular polarizations. Mode detection of vector beams was experimentally demonstrated.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. (2005)

During vertebrate development, successive phases of embryonic and fetal myogenesis lead to the formation and growth of skeletal muscles. Although the origin and molecular regulation of the earliest embryonic muscle cells is well understood, less is known about later stages of myogenesis. We have identified a new cell population that expresses the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7 (paired box proteins 3 and 7) but no skeletal-muscle-specific markers. These cells are maintained as a proliferating population in embryonic and fetal muscles of the trunk and limbs throughout development. Using a stable green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter targeted to Pax3, we demonstrate that they constitute resident muscle progenitor cells that subsequently become myogenic and form skeletal muscle. Late in fetal development, these cells adopt a satellite cell position characteristic of progenitor cells in postnatal muscle. In the absence of both Pax3 and Pax7, further muscle development is arrested and only the early embryonic muscle of the myotome forms. Cells failing to express Pax3 or Pax7 die or assume a non-myogenic fate. We conclude that this resident Pax3/Pax7-dependent progenitor cell population constitutes a source of myogenic cells of prime importance for skeletal muscle formation, a finding also of potential value in the context of cell therapy for muscle disease. PMID: 15843801
Recent achievements in facilitated transport membranes for separation processes (2007)

Membrane separation processes have been extensively used for some important industrial separations, substituting traditional methods. However, some applications require the development of new membranes. In this work, we discuss recent progress achieved in this field, focusing on gas and liquid separation using facilitated transport membranes. The advantages of using a carrier species either in a liquid membrane or fixed in a polymer matrix to enhance both the flux and the selectivity of the transport are summarized. The most probable transport mechanisms in these membranes are presented and the improvements needed to spread this technology are also discussed. As examples, we discuss our very successful experiences in air fractioning, olefin/paraffin separation and sugar recovery using liquid and fixed carrier membranes.
Ecosistemas del Acceso Abierto (2018)

La ciencia abierta es una necesidad. Mas alla de una intencion altruista o de una recomendacion politica, la apertura
del conocimiento se ha transformado en una obligacion
etica, que dispone de un respaldo legal. La produccion
cientifica no puede concebirse sin el acceso abierto de
datos, recursos y resultados. Las entidades financiadoras
de la investigacion potencian el conocimiento abierto como
el medio definitivo para el avance de la ciencia. El acceso
abierto se concibe como un ecosistema donde la investigacion se organiza a partir de diferentes elementos que
interactuan entre si, formando partes de un todo. Este libro
refleja de manera determinante las diferentes facetas de la
ciencia abierta, ya que en el desarrollo del acceso abierto
intervienen agentes humanos, semanticos, tecnologicos y
operativos. La monografia Ecosistemas del Conocimiento
Abierto reune colaboraciones de autoras y autores de universidades y centros de investigacion de Espana y America
Latina en torno a los distintos ambitos del acceso abierto,
que se han estructurado en sucesivos bloques tematicos:
Entorno, Investigacion, Servicio, Innovacion y desarrollo.
La obra resulta util para conocer las bases teoricas del
conocimiento abierto, asi como su estado de la cuestion,
pero tambien sirve de referencia para informarse sobre
proyectos de exito, soluciones tecnologicas adoptadas
por universidades en sus plataformas de ciencia abierta
y reflexiones sobre politicas, tecnologias, procedimientos
y administracion de datos abiertos, repositorios institucionales, investigacion participativa o politicas cientificas de
«open science», «open knowledge» y «open access»
Maximizing Power Efficiency with Asymmetric Multicore Systems (2009)

In computing systems, a CPU is usually one of the largest consumers of energy. For this reason, reducing CPU power consumption has been a hot topic in the past few years in both the academic community and the industry. In the quest to create more power-efficient CPUs, several researchers have proposed an asymmetric multicore architecture that promises to save a significant amount of power while delivering similar performance to conventional symmetric multicore processors.
Realizing Ultrahigh Resolution in a Near-Field Optical Microscope. (1996)

エバネッセント場を利用した近接場光学顕微鏡の原理,基本構成について概説する。特にエバネッセント場のもつ二つの基本的性質(物質寸法依存のパワー局在,プローブ・試料の寸法に関する共鳴)について述べ,これをもとに分解能はプローブ先端の寸法が決めることなどについて指摘する。微小なプローブを作成する技術,プローブ位置を制御する方法などを述べる。
Introduction (2014)

Abstract Chapter 1 describes the rise of interdisciplinarity as a theme in higher education in recent years. Efforts to promote reform are evident in faculty hiring initiatives, university program reorganizations, foundation grant criteria, and undergraduate curricular proposals. The chapter suggests that the case against traditional academic disciplines such as biology, economics and history is overstated in some respects and misdirected in others. A long-term view of the contributions of disciplines suggests that they have been remarkably successful in generating successful research agendas. The tremendous volume of specialized knowledge raises questions about the viability of schemes designed to "integrate" knowledge. Alternatives to disciplines would likely recreate some of their key features: peer-reviewed journals, scholarly conferences, internal specialization, in short, they would recreate the structures of established discplines. Chapter 1 provides a brief sketch of the ideas developed and evidence presented in each of the subsequent chapters.
Pigs in Toxicology (2016)

Both a rodent and a nonrodent species are required for evaluation in nonclinical safety studies conducted to support human clinical trials. Historically, dogs and nonhuman primates have been the nonrodent species of choice. Swine, especially the miniature swine or minipigs, are increasingly being used in preclinical safety as an alternate nonrodent species. The pig is an appropriate option for these toxicology studies based on metabolic pathways utilized in xenobiotic biotransformation. Both similarities and differences exist in phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways between humans and pigs. There are numerous breeds of pigs, yet only a few of these breeds are characterized with regard to both xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and background pathology findings. Some specific differences in these enzymes based on breed and sex are known. Although swine have been used extensively in biomedical research, there is also a paucity of information in the current literature detailing the incidence of background lesions and differences between commonly used breeds. Here, the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are compared between humans and pigs, and minipig background pathology changes are reviewed with emphasis on breed differences.
A Picomolar Transition State Analogue Inhibitor of MTAN as a Specific Antibiotic for Helicobacter pylori (2012)

Campylobacter and Helicobacter species express a 6-amino-6-deoxyfutalosine N-ribosylhydrolase (HpMTAN) proposed to function in menaquinone synthesis. BuT-DADMe-ImmA is a 36 pM transition state analogue of HpMTAN, and the crystal structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex reveals the mechanism of inhibition. BuT-DADMe-ImmA has a MIC(90) value of <8 ng/mL for Helicobacter pylori growth but does not cause growth arrest in other common clinical pathogens, thus demonstrating potential as an H. pylori-specific antibiotic.