gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responsibility, Law and the Family (2016)

Contents: Preface Introduction: conceptualising family responsibility, Jo Bridgeman and Heather Keating Part 1 The Nature of Family Responsibility: The right to responsible parents, Michael Freeman Together for ever? The rights and responsibilities of adult children and their parents, Jonathan Herring Being a responsible mother: New Labour policy discourses versus lone mothers' contextualised accounts, Harriet Churchill State responsibility and the abuse of vulnerable older people: is there a case for a public law to protect vulnerable older people from abuse?, John Williams. Part 2 Constructions of Children's Responsibilities: Responsible children and children's responsibilities? Sibling caretaking and babysitting by school-age children, Virginia Morrow Being responsible, becoming responsible and having responsibility thrust upon them: constructing the 'responsibility' of children and parents, Heather Keating Responsibility, children and childhood, Adrian James. Part 3 Shifting Conceptions of Family Responsibilities: Engaging fathers? Responsibility, law and the 'problem of fatherhood', Richard Collier Responsible fathers: paternity, the blood tie and family responsibility, Craig Lind Being responsible: 'good' parents and children's autonomy, Amanda Wade. Part 4 Family, Responsibility and the Law: Parental responsibility, responsible parenting and legal regulation, Jo Bridgeman Family law and family responsibility, Alison Diduck Conclusion: regulating for responsibility in an age of complex families, Craig Lind Index.
Autophagy—A double‐edged sword in oncology (2009)

Abstract Autophagy or “self‐eating” digests proteins and functionless cell organelles to reuse. This cell‐own recycling system attracts much attention in tumour biology. One of the major functions of autophagy is maintaining cellular homeostasis. Thus, it is constitutive active in all living cells. Damaged or dispensable proteins and organelles are removed to regulate composition and size of the cytoplasm. Many therapeutic treatments have been shown to modulate autophagy signalling although it is still unclear if autophagy represents a survival or a suicide mechanism for tumour cells. Tumour growth in response to blocked autophagy as well as tumour growth in response to induced autophagy has been described. Several recent review articles address the differential effect of autophagy manipulation to apoptosis signalling. However, less has been reported about interactions of autophagy manipulation to the outcome of cancer therapy and tumour growth. Therefore, this review tries to fill this gap. We discuss data demonstrating that cellular decisions to autophagy manipulation depend on tumour type, stage, microenvironment, autophagy initiator or inhibitor and combined tumour treatment. Finally, we come to the conclusion that further analyses are necessary before manipulation of autophagic mechanisms can find its way into tumour therapy for improved treatment of patients. © 2009 UICC
Fabrication and characterization of ultrafast carbon nanotube saturable absorbers for solid-state laser mode locking near 1μm (2008)

Transmitting and reflecting ultrafast saturable absorbers based on single-walled carbon nanotubes are developed that are applicable for stable mode locking of bulk solid-state lasers operating near 1μm. For fabrication of these saturable absorbers, relatively simple spin coating and spray methods are employed. Parameters important for stable mode locking, such as transient nonlinear absorption, saturation fluence, and recovery time, are investigated by nonlinear transmission and time-resolved pump-probe measurements near 1μm. Typical modulation depths and recovery times amount to ∼0.21%–0.25% and &amp;lt;1ps, respectively.
Context Analysis and Estimation of Mobile Users Considering the Time Series of Data (2020)

Recently, the demand for understanding mobile user's activities has been increasing in the fields such as customer behavior analysis. Our previous study shows that mobile user's context can be estimated to some extent using various sensor data of mobile phone and user's bio-signals by applying machine learning methods. In this paper, we propose to analyze and estimate the context by considering the time series of data to improve the accuracy. For the analysis and the estimation, using the data collected from two subjects, convolutional neural network (CNN) and various machine learning methods to classify the data into pre-defined eight and seven contexts are applied and compared. The results show that CNN with 256 window width achieve the highest macro F1-score of 97.6% and 97.1% for each subject, respectively. It suggests that the context analysis and estimation using sensor data and bio-signal can be done much more accurately by considering the time series of data.
Effect of electron beam irradiation and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) addition on mechanical properties of polycaprolactone with empty fruit bunch fibre (OPEFB) composite (2009)

Biodegradable composites or green composites were prepared by melt blending technique using polycaprolactone and oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre (OPEFB). Since OPEFB is not compatible with PCL a binder, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), (PVP) was used to improve the interaction between PCL and OPEFB. The composites produced were irradiated using electron beam to improve the mechanical properties. The tensile, flexural and impact strengths of PCL/OPEFB composites were improved by addition of 1% by weight of PVP and irradiated with 10 kGy of electron beam. The FTIR spectra indicate a slight increase of frequencies at C=O peaks from 1730 to 1732 cm -1 after irradiation indicates some interaction between C=O and O-H. The surface morphology of the facture surface obtained from tensile test shows no fibre pull out indicating good adhesion between the OPEFB and PCL after addition of PVP.
The influence of catalyst amount and Pd loading on the H2O2synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen (2015)

Direct synthesis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: structure sensitivity in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>production and structure insensitivity in the H<sub>2</sub>O production were proved with a Pd/K2621 catalyst.
Convergence analysis of a regularized inexact interior-point method for linear programming problems (2021)

Interior-point methods for linear programming problems require the repeated solution of a linear system of equations. Solving these linear systems is non-trivial due to the severe ill-conditioning of the matrices towards convergence. This issue can be alleviated by incorporating suitable regularization terms in the linear programming problem. Regularization also allows us to efficiently handle rank deficient constraint matrices. We provide a convergence analysis of a regularized inexact interior-point method. The term `inexact' refers to the fact that we do not need to compute the true solution of the linear system of equations, only an approximation thereof. The formulation of the algorithm is sufficiently general such that specialized linear algebra routines developed in other work on inexact interior-point methods can also be incorporated in our regularized framework. In this work, we exploit the inexactness by using a mixed-precision solver for the linear system of equations. More specifically, we perform a Cholesky factorization in IEEE single precision and use it as a preconditioner for the Conjugate Gradient method. Numerical experiments illustrate the benefits of this approach applied to linear programming problems with a dense constraint matrix.
The curious case of protein splicing: Mechanistic insights suggested by protein semisynthesis (1993)

The gradual accumulation of examples of protein splicing, in which a nested intervening sequence is spliced out of the interior of a polyprotein precursor, suggests that this curious phenomenon might prove to have universal phylogenetic distribution and biological significance. The known examples are reviewed, with the aim of establishing underlying patterns, and a generalized mechanism of autocatalytic protein splicing is proposed. The testable consequences of such a proposal and the possible evolutionary origins of the phenomenon are discussed.
Towards hybrid pixel detectors for energy-dispersive or soft X-ray photon science (2016)

JUNGFRAU (adJUstiNg Gain detector FoR the Aramis User station) is a two-dimensional hybrid pixel detector for photon science applications at free-electron lasers and synchrotron light sources. The JUNGFRAU 0.4 prototype presented here is specifically geared towards low-noise performance and hence soft X-ray detection. The design, geometry and readout architecture of JUNGFRAU 0.4 correspond to those of other JUNGFRAU pixel detectors, which are charge-integrating detectors with 75 µm × 75 µm pixels. Main characteristics of JUNGFRAU 0.4 are its fixed gain and r.m.s. noise of as low as 27 e(-) electronic noise charge (<100 eV) with no active cooling. The 48 × 48 pixels JUNGFRAU 0.4 prototype can be combined with a charge-sharing suppression mask directly placed on the sensor, which keeps photons from hitting the charge-sharing regions of the pixels. The mask consists of a 150 µm tungsten sheet, in which 28 µm-diameter holes are laser-drilled. The mask is aligned with the pixels. The noise and gain characterization, and single-photon detection as low as 1.2 keV are shown. The performance of JUNGFRAU 0.4 without the mask and also in the charge-sharing suppression configuration (with the mask, with a `software mask' or a `cluster finding' algorithm) is tested, compared and evaluated, in particular with respect to the removal of the charge-sharing contribution in the spectra, the detection efficiency and the photon rate capability. Energy-dispersive and imaging experiments with fluorescence X-ray irradiation from an X-ray tube and a synchrotron light source are successfully demonstrated with an r.m.s. energy resolution of 20% (no mask) and 14% (with the mask) at 1.2 keV and of 5% at 13.3 keV. The performance evaluation of the JUNGFRAU 0.4 prototype suggests that this detection system could be the starting point for a future detector development effort for either applications in the soft X-ray energy regime or for an energy-dispersive detection system.
Role for the A Domain of Unprocessed Accumulation-Associated Protein (Aap) in the Attachment Phase of the Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Phenotype (2014)

The polysaccharide intercellular adhesin or the cell wall-anchored accumulation-associated protein (Aap) mediates cellular accumulation during Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm maturation. Mutation of sortase, which anchors up to 11 proteins (including Aap) to the cell wall, blocked biofilm development by the cerebrospinal fluid isolate CSF41498. Aap was implicated in this phenotype when Western blots and two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis revealed increased levels of the protein in culture supernatants. Unexpectedly, reduced levels of primary attachment were associated with impaired biofilm formation by CSF41498 srtA and aap mutants. In contrast to previous studies, which implicated Aap proteolytic cleavage and, specifically, the Aap B domains in biofilm accumulation, the CSF41498 Aap protein was unprocessed. Furthermore, aap appeared to play a less important role in the biofilm phenotype of S. epidermidis 1457, in which the Aap protein is processed. Anti-Aap A-domain IgG inhibited primary attachment and biofilm formation in strain CSF41498 but not in strain 1457. The nucleotide sequences of the aap gene A-domain region and cleavage site in strains CSF41498 and 1457 were identical, implicating altered protease activity in the differential Aap processing results in the two strains. These data reveal a new role for the A domain of unprocessed Aap in the attachment phase of biofilm formation and suggest that extracellular protease activity can influence whether Aap contributes to the attachment or accumulation phases of the S. epidermidis biofilm phenotype.
Enabling Discrete Optimization of Surface Mount Component Values in Microwave Circuit Design (2019)

This paper will present the concept of discrete part value optimization as a powerful tool in electronic circuit design and simulation. The implementation of this feature in efficient “first-pass” design flows is made possible by innovative scalable passive models combined with the latest advances in industry leading microwave circuit simulators. This work will summarize advantages, implementations and applications of discrete part-value optimizations over traditional tuning and continuous optimization techniques.
Design of registration and validation algorithm of member’s personal data (2013)

This paper deals with the methods of verification of web-forum members’ personal data, which are implemented in the algorithm of registration and validation of personal data on web-community member. The problem of personal data verifying and method of registration in an online community is investigated. These issues have the greatest influence on efficiency rise of virtual communities functioning and the level of data authenticity in web-members’ personal profiles. Solution of these problems is possible by using computer-linguistic analysis of web-members’ posts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ij-ict.v2i2.3960 Full Text: PDF
Molecular Electronics: From Principles to Practice (2007)

This consistent and comprehensive text is unique in providing an informed insight into molecular electronics by contrasting the prospects for molecular scale electronics with the continuing development of the inorganic semiconductor industry. Providing a wealth of information on the subject from background material to possible applications, Molecular Electronics contains all the need to know information in one easily accessible place. Speculation about future developments has also been included to give the whole picture of this increasingly popular and important topic.
Intraocular gas measurement using A-scan ultrasound (1986)

A-scan ultrasound was used to measure the position of the gas-fluid interface in eyes following vitrectomy and gas internal tamponade. Using 20 eyes of 19 patients it was found that in most instances the gas-fluid interface could be measured to within 0.5mm. The procedure was simple to perform and was well tolerated by the patients. This appears a useful way of monitoring changes in intraocular gas volume.
Evaluation of Air Displacement for Assessing Body Composition of Collegiate Wrestlers (2003)

This study demonstrates that the BOD POD air displacement method provides similar estimates of D (b), %BF, and FFM when compared with HW in a heterogeneous collegiate wrestling population during hydrated and acutely dehydrated states. Pretest guidelines to ensure normal hydration status before body composition assessment using any method must be followed to minimize measurement error in %BF.
CHD7 and Runx1 interaction provides a braking mechanism for hematopoietic differentiation (2020)

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation and lineage differentiation involve gene expression programs orchestrated by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Genetic disruption of the chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) expanded phenotypic HSPCs, erythroid, and myeloid lineages in zebrafish and mouse embryos. CHD7 acts to suppress hematopoietic differentiation. Binding motifs for RUNX and other hematopoietic transcription factors are enriched at sites occupied by CHD7, and decreased RUNX1 occupancy correlated with loss of CHD7 localization. CHD7 physically interacts with RUNX1 and suppresses RUNX1-induced expansion of HSPCs during development through modulation of RUNX1 activity. Consequently, the RUNX1:CHD7 axis provides proper timing and function of HSPCs as they emerge during hematopoietic development or mature in adults, representing a distinct and evolutionarily conserved control mechanism to ensure accurate hematopoietic lineage differentiation.
Statistical Analysis for Brain EIT Images Using SPM (2006)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a relatively new medical imaging method, which is based on the physiological property that different tissues have different impedances. EIT imaging of brain provides neuroimages by detecting functional impedance changes in the brain caused by cell swelling, blood volume and flow increase, and neuronal depolarisation. These changes are very subtle, therefore imaging analysis is usually needed to enhance the images. In this paper, statistical processing is adopted to analyse brain EIT images. The feasibility of using SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping), a popular statistical software package used for neuroimages obtained by SPECT/PET or fMRI, to analyse simulated brain EIT images is studied. A scheme of utilizing SPM to interpret brain EIT data is presented. The experimental results suggest that it is reasonable to process brain EIT images with SPM.
<title>Improving both imaging speed and spatial resolution in MR-guided neurosurgery</title> (2002)

A robust near real-time MRI based surgical guidance scheme has been developed and used in neurosurgical procedure performed in our combined 1.5 Tesla MR operating room. Because of the increased susceptibility difference in the area of surgical site during surgery, the preferred real- time imaging technique is a single shot imaging sequence based on the concept of the half acquisition with turbo spin echoes (HASTE). In order to maintain sufficient spatial resolution for visualizing the surgical devices, such as a biopsy needle and catheter, we used focused field of view (FOV) in the phase-encoding (PE) direction coupled with an out-volume signal suppression (OVS) technique. The key concept of the method is to minimize the total number of the required phase encoding steps and the effective echo time (TE) as well as the longest TE for the high spatial encoding step. The concept has been first demonstrated with a phantom experiment, which showed when the water was doped with Gd- DTPA to match the relaxation rates of the brain tissue there was a significant spatial blurring primarily along the phase encoding direction if the conventional HASTE technique, and the new scheme indeed minimized the spatial blur in the resulting image and improved the needle visualization as anticipated. Using the new scheme in a typical MR-guided neurobiopsy procedure, the brain biopsy needle was easily seen against the tissue background with minimal blurring due the inevitable T2 signal decay even when the PE direction was set parallel to the needle axis. This MR based guidance technique has practically allowed neurosurgeons to visualize the biopsy needle and to monitor its insertion with a better certainty at near real-time pace.
Diffuse Photon-Density Wave (2016)

This paper presents quantities, terminology, and symbols of terms related to photothermal phenomena and used in photothermal and related spectroscopies. The terms used in the literature to describe photothermal phenomena and methods are reviewed, and a glossary of terms is given. The origins of photothermal phenomena, as well as the relations among various photothermal effects, are summarized. The listed terms cover the terminology in transient grating, transient lens, photoacoustic spectroscopy, photothermal radiometry, calorimetry, interferometry, deflection, reflection, and other related spectroscopies, which use or are related to photothermal effects.
Effect of Hyperbaric Treatment on Quality Attributes of Tomato Fruits (2010)

An experimental hyperbaric system was conceptualized, designed and built to explore the effect of hyperbaric treatment on the quality attributes of tomato.
QUALITY CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING OLIGO ARRAYS: A COMBINATORIAL DESIGN APPROACH (2000)

The advent of the DNA microarray technology has brought with it the exciting possibility of simultaneously observing the expression levels of all genes in an organism. One such microarray technology, called "oligo arrays", manufactures short single strands of DNA (called probes) onto a glass surface using photolithography. An altered or missed step in such a manufacturing protocol can adversely affect all probes using this failed step, and is in general impossible to disentangle from experimental variation when using such a defective array. The idea of designing special quality control probes to detect a failed step was first formulated by Hubbell and Pevzner. We consider an alternative formulation of this problem and use a combinatorial design approach to solve it. Our results improve over prior work in guaranteeing coverage of all protocol steps and in being able to tolerate a greater number of unreliable probe intensities.
Dynamic transcriptomes during neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells revealed by short, long, and paired-end sequencing (2010)

To examine the fundamental mechanisms governing neural differentiation, we analyzed the transcriptome changes that occur during the differentiation of hESCs into the neural lineage. Undifferentiated hESCs as well as cells at three stages of early neural differentiation-N1 (early initiation), N2 (neural progenitor), and N3 (early glial-like)-were analyzed using a combination of single read, paired-end read, and long read RNA sequencing. The results revealed enormous complexity in gene transcription and splicing dynamics during neural cell differentiation. We found previously unannotated transcripts and spliced isoforms specific for each stage of differentiation. Interestingly, splicing isoform diversity is highest in undifferentiated hESCs and decreases upon differentiation, a phenomenon we call isoform specialization. During neural differentiation, we observed differential expression of many types of genes, including those involved in key signaling pathways, and a large number of extracellular receptors exhibit stage-specific regulation. These results provide a valuable resource for studying neural differentiation and reveal insights into the mechanisms underlying in vitro neural differentiation of hESCs, such as neural fate specification, neural progenitor cell identity maintenance, and the transition from a predominantly neuronal state into one with increased gliogenic potential.
Bovine Fetal Encephalitis and Myocarditis Associated with Protozoal Infections (1990)

Bovine fetuses submitted to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System were evaluated during a 2-year period (1987 to 1989) for the presence of multifocal necrotizing nonsuppurative encephalitis, nonsuppurative myocarditis, or tissue protozoa. Eighty-two of 445 (18%) fetuses submitted met these histologic criteria. Fetuses were from 54 dairy and two beef herds located throughout the state. In 17 fetuses (21%) protozoa were found in fetal tissues. Protozoa were found in brain parenchyma of ten fetuses (12%), in endothelial cells in four fetuses (5%), in cardiac myofibers in one fetus (1%), and were associated with endothelial cells in two fetuses (2%). In most fetuses there were no significant gross pathologic findings other than autolysis. While aborted fetuses were from 3 to 9 months gestation, the majority were between 5 and 7 months gestation. They were submitted year round, but more were seen in the fall and winter months. Additional salient histologic features included portal nonsuppurative hepatitis, focal hepatic inflammation and necrosis, and focal nonsuppurative myositis. Nonsuppurative inflammation was also found in decreasing frequency, in the adrenal medulla, kidney, mesentery or abdominal fat, placenta, and lung. In two fetuses (Nos. 1 and 2), the location and morphology of the protozoa were compatible with Sarcocystis spp. The identity of protozoa in the remaining 15 fetuses is unknown. The histopathologic changes in these 82 fetuses and the presence of protozoa in 21% of the fetuses suggest these abortions are due to fetal protozoal infections.
Claves para la contextualización de la matemática en la acción docente (2013)

This work presents a reflection about the need to link mathematics with the student’s life. It begins explaining what is understood by context. Later,