gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Keyword-Based Knowledge Graph Exploration Based on Quadratic Group Steiner Trees (2021)

Exploring complex structured knowledge graphs (KGs) is challenging for non-experts as it requires knowledge of query languages and the underlying structure of the KGs. Keyword-based exploration is a convenient paradigm, and computing a group Steiner tree (GST) as an answer is a popular implementation. Recent studies suggested improving the cohesiveness of an answer where entities have small semantic distances from each other. However, how to efficiently compute such an answer is open. In this paper, to model cohesiveness in a generalized way, the quadratic group Steiner tree problem (QGSTP) is formulated where the cost function extends GST with quadratic terms representing semantic distances. For QGSTP we design a branch-and-bound best-first (B3F) algorithm where we exploit combinatorial methods to estimate lower bounds for costs. This exact algorithm shows practical performance on medium-sized KGs.
Residual motion of cortical versus pedicle screw constructs after decompression, interbody fusion and cross-link augmentation (2023)

Similar residual motion is found with CS and PS instrumentation, except of slightly, but significantly inferior reduction of ROM in LB with CS. Differences between CS and PS in diminish with TLIF but not with CL augmentation.
Automated classifiers for early detection and diagnosis of retinopathy in diabetic eyes (2014)

A Bayesian ANN trained on structural and optical features from optical coherence tomography data can successfully discriminate between healthy and diabetic eyes with and with no retinopathy. The fractal dimension of the OPL and the GCL + IPL complex predicted by the Bayesian radial basis function network provides better diagnostic utility to classify diabetic eyes with mild retinopathy. Moreover, the thickness and fractal dimension parameters of the retinal nerve fiber layer, photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium show promise for the diagnostic classification between diabetic eyes with and with no mild retinopathy.
Self-Supervised Transformer Architecture for Change Detection in Radio Access Networks (2023)

Radio Access Networks (RANs) for telecommunications represent large agglomerations of interconnected hardware consisting of hundreds of thousands of transmitting devices (cells). Such networks undergo frequent and often heterogeneous changes caused by network operators, who are seeking to tune their system parameters for optimal performance. The effects of such changes are challenging to predict and will become even more so with the adoption of 5G/6G networks. Therefore, RAN monitoring is vital for network operators. We propose a self-supervised learning framework that leverages self-attention and self-distillation for this task. It works by detecting changes in Performance Measurement data, a collection of time-varying metrics which reflect a set of diverse measurements of the network performance at the cell level. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state of the art by 4% on a real-world based dataset consisting of about hundred thousands timeseries. It also has the merits of being scalable and generalizable. This allows it to provide deep insight into the specifics of mode of operation changes while relying minimally on expert knowledge.
Process Scheduling of Personal Identity Verification on Decentralized Trust (2020)

Several working groups are coping with an ecosystem where a user manages his/her own digital identity (ID) information among different organizations or companies by decentralized manner. We have also been developing a platform for trustworthy ID exchange, named IDYX. In the platform, personal identity verification (PIV) process will be realized by verifying credentials about users’ information issued by other organizations. Thanks to that kind of the ID cooperation, the users can prove their ID online by using the credentials and will no longer need to take procedure for every organization when updating their ID information registered there. However, the organizations’ policies to identify a user and relationships among the organizations bring a complicated problem, that is, how to get a better schedule of ID cooperation around them. In this paper, we formulate the scheduling problem as an integer linear programming, and propose a heuristic method based on graph structure. Numerical experiments show that the heuristic approach has feasible scalability for practical use.
Recent advances in prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus infections (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis in humans. As members of the flavivirus family, HCVs are a group of small single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. Upon translation of the genome, a polyprotein precursor is synthesized and further processed by both cellular and viral proteases to generate functional viral proteins. Treatment options are currently limited to the administration of alpha-interferon alone or in combination with ribavirin. Unfortunately, these approaches are characterized by relatively poor efficacy and an unfavorable side-effect profile. Therefore, intensive effort is directed at the discovery of novel molecules to treat this disease. These new approaches include the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, the identification of interferons with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the discovery of novel drugs designed to inhibit the function of three major viral proteins: protease, helicase and polymerase. Finally, the HCV RNA genome itself, particularly the IRES element, is being actively exploited as an antiviral target using antisense molecules and catalytic ribozymes. This review summarizes the most recent findings in each of these areas. Although not intended to be comprehensive, it should serve as a first resource for those individuals who desire updated information in this rapidly changing field.
Keeping Survivin Nimble at Centromeres in Mitosis (2005)

Ubiquitin is well known as a grim reaper that marks proteins for destruction. In his Perspective, [Earnshaw][1] discusses a study by [ Vong et al. ][2] that reports a new aspect of ubiquitin function--regulation of the dynamic behavior of the chromosomal passenger protein survivin during mitosis. If survivin carries either too little or too much polyubiquitin, survivin dynamics at centromeres are perturbed, and chromosome segregation is disrupted.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5753/1443
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5753/1499
Rock-to-metal ratios of the rare earth elements (2023)

The relative quantities of ore mined and waste rock (i.e., overburden) removed to produce the rare earth elements—their rock-to-metal ratios—were calculated for 21 individual operations or regions covering nearly all mine production in 2018. The results indicate that the rock-to-metal ratios for the total rare earth elements ranged from a low of 1.6 × 101 to a high of 3.6 × 103, with operations in Brazil and Russia having the lowest ratios and ion-adsorption clays operations in China and Myanmar having the highest. For comparison, the global average rock-to-metal ratio for the total rare earth elements (9.8 × 102) fell between that of cobalt (8.6 × 102) and tungsten (1.1 × 103). Driven by their relative abundance in the ore and unit prices that were used in the economic allocation of the environmental burdens, the global rock-to-metal ratio for individual rare earth elements was lowest for cerium (2.3 × 101) and lanthanum (7.7 × 101) and highest for dysprosium (1.7 × 104), terbium (3.7 × 104), and lutetium (6.4 × 104). Like the rock-to-metal ratios for the total rare earth elements, rock-to-metal ratios for individual rare earth elements varied by roughly two orders of magnitude among the various operations examined. An alternative perspective of only accounting for the overburden that is physically removed in ion-adsorption clays in-situ operations yielded global rock-to-metal ratios that were an order of magnitude lower or less for many of the rare earth elements.
Antibacterial Wound Healing Gels from Oligochitosan Salts (2012)

Oligochitosan salt-based antibacterial wound gels were developed and evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models. The antibacterial activities of the oligochitosan salts and the wound gels were investigated against Staphylococcus epidermidis RP625 and Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oligochitosan salts were found in the range of 16-256 μg/mL. The wound gels demonstrated their in vitro activities on inhibiting the growth of bacteria. The 3-D collagen gel matrix containing human dermal fibroblasts cultured with each test gel was used as an in vitro model for the examination of cell proliferation and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). The gels appeared to promote the proliferation and formation of cellular process of the fibroblasts in the 3-D collagen gels and stimulate the fibroblasts to produce more IL-8. In the in vivo model, it was noted that the gels could accelerate the wound closure process. The wounds were completely closed within 14 days.
Analysis of Inverse Crosstalk Channel Estimation Using SNR Feedback (2010)

Digital subscriber line (DSL) data rates for short loops are typically limited by crosstalk between adjacent lines rather than by background noise. Precoding can reduce crosstalk in the downstream from the access node to the customer premises equipment significantly if an accurate estimate of the inverse crosstalk channel is provided. Recently, a backward-compatible method has been proposed for estimating downstream crosstalk channels using standardized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reports. This paper develops a probabilistic model of the estimation process and, within this model, provides conditions under which successive updates of the precoder are guaranteed to converge to the ideal inverse precoder. Bounds on estimator variance and convergence times are obtained and optimized with respect to system parameters. The analysis can be applied to the situation in which a new line is being activated and added to a group of precoded lines seamlessly, that is, with controlled impact on the SNR of the active lines. Two phases are proposed to achieve seamless activation; the protection phase is used to let the active lines learn the crosstalk from the activating line and the acquisition phase is used to let the activating line learn the crosstalk from the active lines. Results of the analysis are illustrated by numerical simulations.
First-Order Incremental Block-Based Statistical Timing Analysis (2006)

Variability in digital integrated circuits makes timing verification an extremely challenging task. In this paper, a canonical first-order delay model that takes into account both correlated and independent randomness is proposed. A novel linear-time block-based statistical timing algorithm is employed to propagate timing quantities like arrival times and required arrival times through the timing graph in this canonical form. At the end of the statistical timing, the sensitivity of all timing quantities to each of the sources of variation is available. Excessive sensitivities can then be targeted by manual or automatic optimization methods to improve the robustness of the design. This paper also reports the first incremental statistical timer in the literature, which is suitable for use in the inner loop of physical synthesis or other optimization programs. The third novel contribution of this paper is the computation of local and global criticality probabilities. For a very small cost in computer time, the probability of each edge or node of the timing graph being critical is computed. Numerical results are presented on industrial application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) chips with over two million logic gates, and statistical timing results are compared to exhaustive corner analysis on a chip design whose hardware showed early mode timing violations
Drug removal during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: theory and clinical observations. (1985)

We have discussed the basic principles of pharmacokinetics and convective solute removal in the context of each other. Clinical observations appear to follow the theoretical expectations. For practical purposes plasma and plasma water are not different. In the calculation of drug sieving, venous samples do not contribute enough to warrant their extra costs. We recommend that drug removal in hemofiltration be expressed by the sieving coefficient, UF/A. Drug sieving data in humans undergoing CAVH are tabulated. Recommendations for supplemental dosing are discussed which are applicable to any clinical setting.
THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF IBEX OBSERVATIONS AND OUR EVOLVING HELIOSPHERE (2012)

This study provides, for the first time, complete and validated observations from the first three years (2009–2011) of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission. Energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes are corrected for both the time-variable cosmic ray background and for orbit-by-orbit variations in their probability of surviving en route from the outer heliosphere in to 1 AU where IBEX observes them. In addition to showing all six six-month maps, we introduce new annual ram and anti-ram maps, which can be produced without the need for algorithm-dependent Compton–Getting corrections. Together, the ENA maps, data, and supporting documentation presented here support the full release of these data to the broader scientific community and provide the citable reference for them. In addition, we show that heliospheric ENA emissions have been decreasing over the epoch from 2009 to 2011 with the IBEX Ribbon decreasing by the largest fraction and only the heliotail (which is offset from the down wind direction by the interstellar magnetic field) showing essentially no reduction and actually some increase. Finally, we show how the much more complete observations provided here strongly indicate a quite direct and latitude-dependent solar wind source of the Ribbon.
The local atomic quasicrystal structure of the icosahedral Mg25Y11Zn64alloy (2005)

A local and medium range atomic structure model for the face centred icosahedral (fci) Mg25Y11Zn64 alloy has been established in a sphere of r = 27 A. The model was refined by least squares techniques using the atomic pair distribution (PDF) function obtained from synchrotron powder diffraction. Three hierarchies of the atomic arrangement can be found: (i) five types of local coordination polyhedra for the single atoms, four of which are of Frank-Kasper type. In turn, they (ii) form a three-shell (Bergman) cluster containing 104 atoms, which is condensed sharing its outer shell with its neighbouring clusters and (iii) a cluster connecting scheme corresponding to a three-dimensional tiling leaving space for few glue atoms. Inside adjacent clusters, Y8-cubes are tilted with respect to each other and thus allow for overall icosahedral symmetry. It is shown that the title compound is essentially isomorphic to its holmium analogue. Therefore fci-Mg-Y-Zn can be seen as the representative structure type for the other rare earth analogues fci-Mg-Zn-RE (RE = Dy, Er, Ho, Tb) reported in the literature.
Expression and secretion of the heterodimeric protein interleukin‐12 in plant cell suspension culture (2003)

It has been suggested that plant cell culture is the most suitable system for producing small-to-medium quantities of specialized, expensive, and high-purity proteins. Here, we report that a heterodimeric protein, human interleukin-12 (hIL-12), was expressed and secreted into culture medium in a biologically active form. A transgenic plant expressing hIL-12 was constructed by sexual crossing of plants that expressed each subunit of the protein. From a piece of transgenic plant, callus was induced and cell suspension culture was established. The biological activity and amount of hIL-12 secreted into culture medium were analyzed using bioassays and ELISA. Analysis of cellular localization demonstrated that the protein was secreted into the culture medium together with its intrinsic signal peptide.
Silicon-on-insulator mode-selective add-drop unit for on-chip mode-division multiplexing (2009)

A broadband, low-crosstalk, mode-selective add-drop multiplexer using quasi phase-matching and staged coupling is presented. This ultra-compact device can be used to enable mode-division multiplexing for further increasing the aggregate bandwidth of on-chip optical interconnects.
Preparation of Phenolic Paclitaxel Metabolites (1996)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of the two known phenolic metabolites of paclitaxel are described. The C3'-phenolic metabolite 2 of paclitaxel was prepared from 7-(triethylsilyl)-baccatin III (8) and enantioenriched N-benzoyl-2-azetidinone 7. The C2-phenolic metabolite 3 was synthesized from paclitaxel (1a) via selective C2 debenzoylation and reacylation.
Dispersibility‐Dependent Biodegradation of Graphene Oxide by Myeloperoxidase (2015)

Understanding human health risk associated with the rapidly emerging graphene-based nanomaterials represents a great challenge because of the diversity of applications and the wide range of possible ways of exposure to this type of materials. Herein, the biodegradation of graphene oxide (GO) sheets is reported by using myeloperoxidase (hMPO) derived from human neutrophils in the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The degradation capability of the enzyme on three different GO samples containing different degree of oxidation on their graphenic lattice, leading to a variable dispersibility in aqueous media is compared. hMPO fails in degrading the most aggregated GO, but succeeds to completely metabolize highly dispersed GO samples. The spectroscopy and microscopy analyses provide unambiguous evidence for the key roles played by hydrophilicity, negative surface charge, and colloidal stability of the aqueous GO in their biodegradation by hMPO catalysis.
Multi-access Services for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: The M2DM Project (2002)

Riccardo Bellazzil, Giuliana Bensa2, Eulalia Brugues3, Ewart Carson4, Claudio Cobelli5, Derek Cramp4, Giuseppe d'Annunzio6, Pasquale De Cata7, Alberto de Leiva3, Tibor Deutsch8, Pietro Fratino7, Carmine Gazzaruso7, Angel Garcia9, Tamas Gergely8, Enrique G6mez9, Fiona Harvey4, Pietro Ferrari7, Christiane Harras Friederichl', Elena Hernando9, Maged Kamel Boulos4, Cristiana Larizzal, Hans Ludekke , Monika Luebker1, Alberto Maran 12 Gianluca Nucci5, Fernando Ortiz Garcia'3, Cristina Pennati6, Abdul Roudsari4, Mercedes Rigla3, Karsten Schuttel, Mario Stefanellil
Flight Testing of a Right-of-Way Compliant ADS-B-based Miniature Sense and Avoid System (2012)

A flight tested Right-of-Way (RoW) compliant algorithm has been developed as part of ongoing research efforts in the development of Airborne Sense and Avoid (ABSAA) technologies by the University of North Dakota Unmanned Aircraft Systems Engineering (UASE) team. This paper presents the results of development, implementation, and flight testing of a RoW algorithm during the summer of 2011 in a restricted airspace using a combination of varying intercept angles for the cases of a single intruder and dual intruders. These tests yielded positive results demonstrating the RoW compliance to enhance the UASE ABSAA system that was developed under a series of projects funded by the Department of Defense (DoD). The work presented implements the future NextGen National Airspace System (NAS) technologies and has the ability to incorporate multiple sensor streams into the decision space. An integral part of the NextGen NAS is the FAA’s final rule regarding “Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Performance Requirements to Support Air Traffic Control (ATC) Service,” which will propel forward the transition from a radar based system to a satellite driven system. This mandated technology allows for the development of a robust ABSAA system for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS).
Behind the curtain of the compartmentalization process: Exploring how xylem vessel diameter impacts vascular pathogen resistance (2020)

A key determinant of plant resistance to vascular infections lies in the ability of the host to successfully compartmentalize invaders at the xylem level. Growing evidence supports that the structural properties of the vascular system impact host vulnerability towards vascular pathogens. The aim of this study was to provide further insight into the impact of xylem vessel diameter on compartmentalization efficiency and thus vascular pathogen movement, using the interaction between Vitis and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora as a model system. We showed experimentally that an increased number of xylem vessels above 100 μm of diameter resulted in a higher mean infection level of host tissue. This benchmark was validated within and across Vitis genotypes. Although the ability of genotypes to restore vascular cambium integrity upon infection was highly variable, this trait did not correlate with their ability to impede pathogen movement at the xylem level. The distribution of infection severity of cuttings across the range of genotype's susceptibility suggests that a risk-based mechanism is involved. We used this experimental data to calibrate a mechanistic stochastic model of the pathogen spread and we provide evidence that the efficiency of the compartmentalization process within a given xylem vessel is a function of its diameter.
Evolution of the density of states during phase transitions in films of cadmium sulfotellurides synthesized under profoundly nonequilibrium conditions (2000)

The results of structural, electrical, and photoelectric investigations of phase transitions in layers of cadmium-sulfide and cadmium-telluride solid solutions synthesized under profoundly nonequilibrium conditions are reported. As a model process, the thermally activated decomposition of a CdSxTe1−x single-phase solution containing the α1 (x 1=0.4–0.6) phase was chosen. Increasing the temperature was shown to result in the formation a heterophase system with two phases α2 (x 2=0.1–0.2) and α3 (x 3=0.78–0.99). The electron diffraction patterns, the photoelectric-current spectrum, and the temperature dependences of the dark electrical conductivity in the course of and after phase transitions are reported. The results of electrical and photoelectric investigations are compared with the results of structural investigations. Changes in the dark conductivity in the course of phase transitions are shown to simultaneously account for the evolution of the density of states near the Fermi level.