gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strontium distribution coefficients of surficial sediment samples from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho (1997)

Strontium distribution coefficients (Kd's) were measured for 20 surficial sediment samples collected from selected sites at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The measurements were made to help assess the variability of strontium Kd's found at the INEL as part of an ongoing investigation of strontium chemical transport properties of surficial and interbedded sediments at the INEL. The investigation is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho State University in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. Batch experimental techniques were used to determine Kd's of surficial sediments using a synthesized aqueous solution representative of wastewater in waste disposal ponds at the INEL. Strontium Kd's of the 20 surficial sediments ranged from 361 to 2756 milliliters per gram. These results indicate significant variability in the strontium sorptive capacities of surficial sediments at the INEL. Some of this variability can be attributed to physical and chemical properties of the sediment itself; however, the remainder of the variability may be due to compositional changes in the equilibrated solutions after being mixed with the sediment.
Molecular classification of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma using routinely available tissue specimens (2018)

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is recognized as a distinct entity in the World Health Organization classification. Currently, the diagnosis relies on consensus of histopathology, clinical variables, and presentation, giving rise to diagnostic inaccuracy in routine practice. Previous studies have demonstrated that PMBCL can be distinguished from subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on gene expression signatures. However, requirement of fresh-frozen biopsy material has precluded the transfer of gene expression-based assays to the clinic. Here, we developed a robust and accurate molecular classification assay (Lymph3Cx) for the distinction of PMBCL from DLBCL subtypes based on gene expression measurements in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. A probabilistic model accounting for classification error, comprising 58 gene features, was trained on 68 cases of PMBCL and DLBCL. Performance of the model was subsequently evaluated in an independent validation cohort of 158 cases and showed high agreement of the Lymph3Cx molecular classification with the clinicopathological diagnosis of an expert panel (frank misclassification rate, 3.8%). Furthermore, we demonstrate reproducibility of the assay with 100% concordance of subtype assignments at 2 independent laboratories. Future studies will determine Lymph3Cx's utility for routine diagnostic purposes and therapeutic decision making.
Endotoxin-induced production of inflammatory mediators by cultured ciliary epithelial cells (1990)

Systemic injection of bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in experimental animals induces anterior uveitis without major pathological changes in other organs. The present study investigates the effect of LPS on production of inflammatory mediators in cultured bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (CB-cells) by means of radioimmunoassays and bioassays. LPS was found to stimulate CB-cells to secrete prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin (assayed as its stable metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a), but not leukotriene B4 or thromboxane A2 (assayed as its stable metabolite thromboxane B2). CB-cells produced membrane-associated interleukin 1-activity in response to LPS, but no tumor necrosis factor-activity was found after challenge of CB-cells with LPS. The direct effect of LPS on production of inflammatory mediators by cells from the anterior uvea could play a role in the pathophysiology of endotoxin-induced uveitis.
Simulation of Multiple-Component Charged Aerosol Evolution (2020)

The study of the nuclear source term requires the computation of aerosol dynamics. Solutions to the aerosol general dynamic equation (GDE) are difficult to obtain by analytical or numerical methods when more realistic problems are considered. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique is capable of simulating aerosol evolution reducing simplifications in the implementation of the aerosol GDE. In this work we present a DSMC program for the simulation of multicomponent polydisperse aerosol evolution, with the successful integration of the following processes: deposition, electrostatic dispersion, coagulation (considering charge effects), and condensation, assuming a spatially homogeneous medium and spherical particles. Two problems with different particle compositions were simulated to obtain information about the interactions through the different processes and the interacting particles as well as particle number and mass distributions with discrimination of charge levels. This information allowed us to explore the synergistic nature of these processes. It was found that the problem with denser particles had an overall stronger activity in coagulation and initially a stronger activity in deposition compared to the problem with less dense particles.
Fragment Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis That Form Carbon–Carbon Bonds via Carbanionic or Free Radical Intermediates (2019)

Fragment coupling reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds are valuable transformations in synthetic design. Advances in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the early 2000s brought a high level of predictability and reliability to carbon-carbon bond constructions involving the union of unsaturated fragments. By comparison, recent years have witnessed an increase in fragment couplings proceeding via carbanionic and open-shell (free radical) intermediates. The latter has been driven by advances in methods to generate and utilize carbon-centered radicals under mild conditions. In this Review, we survey a selection of recent syntheses that have implemented carbanion- or radical-based fragment couplings to form carbon-carbon bonds. We aim to highlight the strategic value of these disconnections in their respective settings and to identify extensible lessons from each example that might be instructive to students.
Utilizing Retinotopic Mapping for a Multi-Target SSVEP BCI With a Single Flicker Frequency (2017)

In brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that use the steady-state visual evoked response (SSVEP), the user selects a control command by directing attention overtly or covertly to one out of several flicker stimuli. The different control channels are encoded in the frequency, phase, or time domain of the flicker signals. Here, we present a new type of SSVEP BCI, which uses only a single flicker stimulus and yet affords controlling multiple channels. The approach rests on the observation that the relative position between the stimulus and the foci of overt attention result in distinct topographies of the SSVEP response on the scalp. By classifying these topographies, the computer can determine at which position the user is gazing. Offline data analysis in a study on 12 healthy volunteers revealed that 9 targets can be recognized with about 95±3% accuracy, corresponding to an information transfer rate (ITR) of 40.8 ± 3.3 b/min on average. We explored how the classification accuracy is affected by the number of control channels, the trial length, and the number of EEG channels. Our findings suggest that the EEG data from five channels over parieto-occipital brain areas are sufficient for reliably classifying the topographies and that there is a large potential to improve the ITR by optimizing the trial length. The robust performance and the simple stimulation setup suggest that this approach is a prime candidate for applications on desktop and tablet computers.
A 35-GHz frequency synthesizer using frequency doubling and phase rotating technology (2013)

The paper addresses the design and realization of a high-frequency and wide range frequency synthesizer based on a PLL together with a varactorless LC-type VCO and a push-push frequency doubler. In addition, a high-speed programmable divider using multi-phase selection is employed for channel switching. The proposed circuits were fabricated in a standard 90-nm CMOS process with a chip area of 0.8×1.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The PLL dissipates 60 mW at a 1.2-V supply. The measured phase noise of the doubler at 35.28-GHz frequency is -90.42 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset.
Positive margins after surgical excision of locoregional cutaneous melanoma metastasis and their impact on patient outcome (2018)

For melanoma patients, surgery is a standard treatment for locoregional skin metastasis (LSM). To assess the frequency and risk factors for positive margins after excision of LSM and their impact on patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). A monocentric, retrospective observational study was performed including 87 patients with LSM who had undergone surgical excision. Positive margins were found in 45% of patients after excision. After additional excision, 28% of patients still had positive margins. Interestingly, there was no difference in PFS or OS for clear margins after the first or additional excision or for margins that remained positive without additional excision. LSM size was the only identified predictive factor for positive margins. This is the first reported study investigating the frequency of, and risk factors for positive margins of cutaneous LSM, which raises the question of whether additional excision should be performed following positive margin excision.
Percutaneous Angioplasty of Chronic Obstruction of Peripheral Arteries by a Temperature‐Controlled Nd:YAG Laser System (1992)

The feasibility of an Nd:YAG laser system with automatic control of hot-tip probe temperature was examined in 15 segments (14.7 +/- 6 cm in length) of iliofemoral arteries from 13 patients. The hot-tip temperature to be attained and the upper limit temperature at which lasing was to be stopped were preset. A catheter with a 1.8-mm hot-tip probe was introduced into the obstructed segment and angioplasty (lasing time 5-10 sec) was performed under angioscopic guidance. Recanalization was observed in all segments without obvious complications. No thermal effects below 50 degrees C, coagulation at 100 degrees C, carbonization at 200 degrees C, or sticking of the hot-tip to the luminal surface at 300 degrees C or over, were observed by angioscopy. Rapid recanalization was obtained between 200 degrees C and 300 degrees C. The results indicate that this novel laser system is feasible and hot-tip temperature between 200 degrees C and 300 degrees C is ideal for treatment of chronic arterial obstruction in Japanese patients.
Pyrrolo[1,2-d]-as-triazine. A new heteroaromatic system (1973)

J. P. Cress and D. M. Forkey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 35a DOI: 10.1039/C3973000035A
Correlation effects and orbital magnetism of Co clusters (2016)

Recent experiments on isolated Co clusters have shown huge orbital magnetic moments in comparison with their bulk and surface counterparts. These clusters hence provide the unique possibility to study the evolution of the orbital magnetic moment with respect to the cluster size and how competing interactions contribute to the quenching of orbital magnetism. We investigate here different theoretical methods to calculate the spin and orbital moments of Co clusters, and assess the performances of the methods in comparison with experiments. It is shown that density functional theory in conventional local density or generalized gradient approximations, or even with a hybrid functional, severely underestimates the orbital moment. As natural extensions/corrections we considered the orbital polarization correction, the LDA+U approximation as well as the LDA+DMFT method. Our theory shows that of the considered methods, only the LDA+DMFT method provides orbital moments in agreement with experiment, thus emphasizing the importance of dynamic correlations effects for determining fundamental magnetic properties of magnets in the nano-size regime.
Development of Intermediate Temperature Sodium-Metal Halide Battery (2014)

The sodium-metal halide battery has gained increasing interests as a large-scale energy storage device for renewable energy applications due to high specific energy and power density. They exhibit several advantages over the conventional sodium-sulfur (NaS) battery, which include higher voltage, safe cell failure mode, and easiness of assembly in discharged state. A major obstacle in commercialization of sodium-metal halide battery is relatively high cost compared to the NaS battery. Our research at PNNL has focused on lowering the cost of the sodium-metal halide battery by decreasing the operating temperature less than 200°C. In this intermediate temperature range, low-cost high throughput manufacturing process can be applied using economical polymer seals and metal cases. Another effort has been geared towards replacing expensive Ni with economical active materials such Zn and Fe. In this presentation, our progress in the development of IT sodium-metal halide battery will be discussed in detail.
Long-acting injectable antiretrovirals for HIV treatment and prevention (2013)

Investigational long-acting injectable nanoformulations of rilpivirine and GSK1265744 are clinical-stage development candidates. Complementary pharmacologic properties of both agents - different mechanisms of action, resistance profiles, metabolic pathways, lack of drug interactions and low daily oral doses - offer the potential for combination use. Phase I studies of the pharmacokinetics and safety of each long-acting formulation alone and in combination indicate that a monthly dosing regimen is possible for HIV treatment. An ongoing phase IIb trial of oral GSK1265744 and oral rilpivirine is evaluating this two-drug regimen for maintenance of virologic suppression; results will inform future studies using the injectable formulations. Additional preclinical and clinical studies indicate a potential use of each agent for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.
The actin family member Arp6 and the histone variant H2A.Z are required for spatial positioning of chromatin in chicken cell nuclei. (2012)

The spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus contributes to genome function and is altered during the differentiation of normal and tumorigenic cells. Although nuclear actin-related proteins (Arps) have roles in the local alteration of chromatin structure, it is unclear whether they are involved in the spatial positioning of chromatin. In the interphase nucleus of vertebrate cells, gene-dense and gene-poor chromosome territories (CTs) are located in the center and periphery, respectively. We analyzed chicken DT40 cells in which Arp6 had been knocked out conditionally, and showed that the radial distribution of CTs was impaired in these knockout cells. Arp6 is an essential component of the SRCAP chromatin remodeling complex, which deposits the histone variant H2A.Z into chromatin. The redistribution of CTs was also observed in H2A.Z-deficient cells for gene-rich microchromosomes, but to lesser extent for gene-poor macrochromosomes. These results indicate that Arp6 and H2A.Z contribute to the radial distribution of CTs through different mechanisms. Microarray analysis suggested that the localization of chromatin to the nuclear periphery per se is insufficient for the repression of most genes.
Efficient pavement crack detection and classification (2017)

Each year, millions of dollars are invested on road maintenance and reparation all over the world. In order to minimize costs, one of the main aspects is the early detection of those flaws. Different types of cracks require different types of repairs; therefore, not only a crack detection is required but a crack type classification. Also, the earlier the crack is detected, the cheaper the reparation is. Once the images are captured, several processes are applied in order to extract the main characteristics for emphasizing the cracks (logarithmic transformation, bilateral filter, Canny algorithm, and a morphological filter). After image preprocessing, a decision tree heuristic algorithm is applied to finally classify the image. This work obtained an average of 88% of success detecting cracks and an 80% of success detecting the type of the crack. It could be implemented in a vehicle traveling as fast as 130 kmh or 81 mph.
Supplementary Figures S1-S10 from Downregulation of <i>Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4</i> Accelerates Progression to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Targeted siRNA knockdown of DPP4 decreases DPP4 antibody positivity in western blots and IHC; Figure S2. Immunoscoring of AR, AR-V7, P-AR(S81), and PSA protein expression in serially biopsied VCaP xenografts; Figure S3. Ingenuity Pathway, Hierarchical Clustering, and Principal Component analysis of Pre-Cx, CRPC, and AER, serial biopsies; Figure S4. DPP4 is an AR-stimulated gene; Figure S5. DPP4 expression is decreased in Post-ADT therapy samples in several clinical and one preclinical data set compared to Pre-Cx; Figure S6. DPP4 expression is decreased in clinical CRPC sections, despite normal levels of PSA; Figure S7. CpG islands in the DPP4 promoter and exon 1 are unmethylated; Figure S8. lncRNA-OIS1 is expressed at similar levels in Pre-Cx and AER VCaP tumors; Figure S9. Androgen treatment of VCaP CRPC xenografts restores DPP4 expression; Figure S10. The volume ratio (End Volume/Starting Volume) of VCaP tumors shows a trend toward positive correlation with tumor DPP4 protein levels.&lt;/p&gt;
Naturally endowed oxide nanoparticles from carbon ash in Saudi Arabia (2009)

Chemical analysis of carbon ash powder obtained from water desalination plants in Saudi Arabia has revealed that 84.3% of the ash is pure carbon while the remaining percentage is combinations of oxide materials, mainly silicon and aluminium. These oxides were extracted by sintering the ash powder at 900°C. Shape and size of the obtained oxide powder were determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The result shows a quit spherical particles of two different sizes. The first size is around 250 nm while the other smaller one is about 70 nm. Silicon oxide particles might be clustering and are forming the bigger particles as they contribute around 80% out of the total oxides. While aluminium oxide, which is approximately 17.4% form the smaller ones. They have uniform shapes and size distributions. These naturally endowed nanomaterials could easily be extracted with a very low cost and can be separated into silicon oxide, which are potentially important for solar cells, whereas alumina might be used as dental nanocomposites.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided vs Computed Tomography–Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04384770.
Electron-transfer reactions. Oxidation of Grignard reagents in the presence of an aminoxyl as a radical-trapping agent (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer reactions. Oxidation of Grignard reagents in the presence of an aminoxyl as a radical-trapping agentPatricia Carloni, Lucedio Greci, Pierluigi Stipa, and Lennart EbersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 15, 4733–4737Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00015a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00015a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breaking through a Plateau in Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapeutics: Development and Incorporation of Biomarkers (2010)

With the Food and Drug Administration approval of 6 novel targeted agents since December 2005 and limited comparative trials to discern relative efficacy, the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has become immensely complex. The research community must look to novel ways in which to identify appropriate candidates for selected targeted therapies; one potential strategy is the use of clinical and molecular biomarkers. A growing body of knowledge-related von Hippel Lindau-driven pathways in this disease has highlighted the potential role of hypoxia-inducible factor subtypes in distinguishing RCC patients clinically. Techniques applied in other malignancies, such as gene expression and proteomic profiling, may also ultimately allow for clinical stratification. An emerging understanding of immunologic phenomena that may affect cancer progression (i.e., tumor infiltration by CD68 lymphocytes, memory T-cells, etc.) has unveiled a number of other potential biomarkers of response. Several vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-directed therapies classically thought to function as antiangiogenics may also have complex effects upon the tumor microenvironment including the associated immune cell milieu. As such, immunologic parameters could potentially predict response to current therapies. Finally, clinical biomarkers, such as hypertension, may predict the efficacy of several currently available targeted agents, although implementation of such biomarkers remains challenging. Herein, the clinical relevance of putative RCC biomarkers is examined in detail.
Influence of fatigue preloading on the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of a 7000 series aluminum alloy (2019)

The 7000 (Al-Zn-Mg) series aluminum alloy is characterized by high strength, but it is known that hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is caused by the hydrogen generated by the reaction of the new metal surface with water in a humid environment. Some applied members may be subjected to cyclic loading and corrosion, but the effect of fatigue preload on hydrogen embrittlement properties of this alloy has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, SSRT tensile test is performed in humid air environment and dry nitrogen environment, and the influence of fatigue preload on the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of 7000 series aluminum alloy is reported.
Methylethylketone Oxidation over V_2O_5 Catalysts (1979)

The reaction mechanism of methylethylketone (MEK) oxidation to acetaldehyde (AcH) and acetic acid (AcOH) which is characterized by the oxidative splitting of carbon skeleton has been investigated over V_2O_5 catalysts. Kinetics of MEK oxidation at 150℃ over V_2O_5-MoO_3 suggested the participation of molecular oxygen in the reaction. The formation of O_2^- species on the catalyst surface under the reaction conditions was in fact confirmed with temperature programmed desorption and EPR techniques, by using a partially reduced V_2O_5 catalyst supported on silica gel. It was shown that the O_2^- species thus formed reacted with MEK to produce AcH and AcOH selectively, while the lattice oxygen of V_2O_5 converted MEK into CO_2. 0n the basis of these results it was concluded that the O_2^- was the oxygen species reacting with MEK in the oxidative scission reaction.