gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxygen on activation state of complex I and lack of oxaloacetate inhibition of complex II in Langendorff perfused rat heart (2003)

Two main entry points for electrons into the mitochondrial respiratory chain are NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) and succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II). Metabolic regulation of these two respiratory complexes is not understood in detail. It has been suggested that the Krebs cycle metabolic intermediate oxaloacetate (OAA) inhibits complex II in vivo, whereas complex I undergoes a reversible active/de-active transition. In normoxic and anoxic hearts it has been shown that the proportion of complex I in the active and de-active states is different suggesting a possible mode of regulation of the enzyme by oxygen concentration. In the current studies rapid isolation of mitochondrial membranes in a state that preserves the activity of both complex I and complex II has been achieved using Langendorff perfused rat hearts. The findings indicate that the state of activation of complex I is controlled by the oxygen saturation in the perfusate. In addition, these studies show that complex II is fully active in the mitochondrion and not inhibited by OAA regardless of the oxygen concentration.
Isolation and Characterization of Two Chitin Synthase Genes ofRhizopus oligosporus (1994)

Two chitin synthase genes (chs1 and chs2) were isolated from Rhizopus oligosporus by plaque hybridization probed with the chitin synthase 2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From their deduced amino acid sequences, they were both class II chitin synthases according to the classification proposed by Bowen et al. The expression of these genes was controlled differently in each stage of differentiation. It was suggested that the gene products of chs1 and chs2 function mainly in the hyphae growing stage but not in the late stage of spore formation. When each of these genes was expressed in S. cerevisiae, elevation of chitin synthase activity was observed in both cases.
Optimal dissolution and viscoelastic behavior of polyamide-66 in formic acid for membrane fabrication (2021)

High-performance polymeric membrane technology is rapidly developing worldwide with the introduction of new materials and processes. Considerable research efforts are being made to establish a polymer membrane that can be used for ultrafiltration (UF) or nanofiltration (NF) applications. The development of modified polyamide-66 polymer and its compatibility in wastewater are essential elements in the quest for advances and improvements in membrane technology. The optimized conditions for membrane synthesis are critical in making it commercially viable. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimum dissolution of polyamide-66 in formic acid. A model was developed and validated with experimental data, and it showed good agreement with R2 0.9984. The optimized condition for minimizing viscosity was determined. For minimum viscosity (3.64 cp), the optimum temperature and wt.% were 20 ?C and 0.6, respectively.
Effect of Alterations of Pleural Pressure on Cardiac Output (1985)

Cardiac output is determined by the interaction of cardiac pump function and the mechanical properties of the peripheral circulation that govern venous return. Increasing pleural pressure impedes peripheral venous return but aids cardiac ejection; on the other hand, decreasing pleural pressure can augment venous return but impedes the emptying of the left ventricle, creating an increase in aortic pressure. Whether a fall in pleural pressure leads to an increase or decrease in cardiac output depends upon the functional state of the heart and its sensitivity to changes in afterload. Understanding the effect of pleural pressure on cardiac output may lead to the development of therapeutic or diagnostic techniques using altered pleural pressure.
A study of three alternative workstation server architectures for object-oriented database systems (1990)

In the engineering and scientific marketplaces, the workstation-server model of computing is emerging as the standard of the 1990s. Implementing an object-oriented database system in this environment immediately presents the design choice of how to partition database functionality between the server and workstation processors. To better understand the alternatives to this fundamental design decision, we analyze three different workstation-server architectures, evaluating them both qualitatively and through benchmarking of prototypes. The three approaches are labeled object server, in which individual objects pass between the server and workstation, page server, in which a disk page is the unit of transport and the server buffers pages, and file server, where whole pages are transferred as well, but they are accessed directly by the workstation process via a remote file service (namely, NFS). We built prototypes of all three architectures, using a stripped-down version of the WiSS storage system as a starting point. To compare the performance of the prototypes, and to experiment with sensitivity to data placement and cache sizes, we developed our own object manager benchmark, the Altair Complex-Object Benchmark (ACOB). This benchmark supports experiments that vary both clustering (inter-object locality) and smearing (intra-object locality). The test suite of benchmarks includes queries for scanning the entire database and traversing and updating complex objects.
Low temperature aqueous phase synthesis of silver/silver chloride plasmonic nanoparticles as visible light photocatalysts (2013)

A one pot and environmentally benign synthetic route for plasmonic photocatalytic Ag@AgCl nanoparticles in a PVA-dissolved aqueous solution system is presented. The synthesized AgCl has a cubic-shape and its edge length can be controlled from ~57 to ~170 nm by varying the reaction temperature. In this system, PVA was used as a stabilizer for the formation of Ag@AgCl nanoparticles through interaction with Ag(+) ions. After partial reduction with l-arginine, the metallic Ag is formed on the surface of the AgCl substrates and the contents of the metallic Ag mainly affect both the visible-light absorption properties and the plasmonic photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag@AgCl nanocomposites. A plausible growth mechanism of metallic silver during the reduction process is proposed. More importantly, it is verified that the size of the AgCl substrate affected the light absorption region of the Ag@AgCl nanocomposite.
Short chain fatty acids enhance expression and activity of the umami taste receptor in enteroendocrine cells via a Gα i/o pathway (2020)

Abstract The short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, butyrate and propionate, are produced by the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates by the gut microbiota. SCFAs are of interest because they regulate appetite, adiposity, metabolism, glycemic control and immunity. SCFAs act at two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), FFAR2 and FFAR3. These are expressed in intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs), where they mediate SCFA-driven anorectic gut hormone release. EECs also express other GPCRs that act as nutrient sensors, in a manner that is plastic and adaptable to the environment. SCFAs may elicit some of their health-promoting effects by altering levels of GPCRs in EECs, thus, enhancing gut sensitivity to dietary molecules. Here, we identified that exposure of the murine EEC STC-1 cell-line to a concentration of SCFAs found in the colon, specifically enhances mRNA levels of the umami taste receptors TASR1 and TASR3, without altering levels of the SCFA GPCRs, FFAR2 and FFAR3. Interestingly, treatment of EECs with propionate or butyrate, but not acetate, increased levels of umami receptor transcripts. This phenomenon was reversed by inhibiting Gα i/o signaling with pertussis toxin, suggesting that SCFAs act through FFAR2/3 to alter gene expression. Surprisingly, neither a FFAR3-nor a FFAR2-selective synthetic ligand could increase TASR1/TASR3 mRNA levels. We assessed the functional impact of increases in TASR1/TASR3 expression using unique pharmacological properties of the umami taste receptor; namely, the potentiation of signaling by inosine monophosphate. We found that the umami taste receptor induced inosine-1-phosphate and calcium signaling in response to L-alanine and L-monosodium glutamate, and that butyrate pretreatment significantly enhanced such signaling. Our study reveals that SCFAs may contribute to EEC adaptation and alter EEC sensitivity to bioactive nutrients.
Utilizing Pulse Pileup Effect in Development of Robust Low-SNR Covert\n Communication Links (2020)

In contrast to other spread-spectrum techniques, wideband pulse trains with\nrelatively low pulse arrival rates may be considered unsuitable for covert\ncommunications. The high crest factor of such trains can be extremely\nburdensome for the transmitter hardware, and it makes the pulse trains easily\ndetectable even at very low signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, it may appear\nthat sharing the wideband channel by multiple users would require explicit\nallocation of the pulse arrival times for each sub-channel, which would be\nimpractical in most cases. On the other hand, messaging by wideband pulse\ntrains has many appealing features. Among those are the ease of synchronous as\nwell as asynchronous pulse detection, and on-the-fly channel reconfigurability\n(e.g. changing the spreading factor). Favorably, the crest factor of a pulse\ntrain, as well as its apparent temporal and amplitude structure, can be easily,\nand reversibly, controlled by simple linear filtering. For example, a\ntransmitted pulse train can be made statistically indistinguishable from the\nGaussian component of the channel noise (e.g. the thermal noise) observed in\nthe same spectral band, while the received signal will be the designed\nhigh-crest-factor wideband pulse train. In this paper, we utilize the so-called\npulse pileup effect to perform such reversible control of the pulse train\nstructure, enabling a wider use of this approach for synthesis of robust\nlow-SNR covert communication links. We place a particular focus on the\nsynchronous pulse detection in the receiver, that provides a better utilization\nof the channel spectrum.\n
IoT-based situation awareness support system for real-time emergency management (2017)

Smart environments based on Internet of Things (IoT) are very active area of research. Another task highly relevant in today's world is emergency management and situation awareness support systems. Integration of these technologies promises to make our lives safer in the face of natural disasters, emergencies or weapon attacks. In this paper, we suggest an innovative IoT-based solution for informing people and discuss an application that uses crowd-sourced data from smartphones during emergency scenarios and provides recommendations for the safe evacuation. Two possible use cases are presented, namely (i) an emergency application and (ii) a basic routing application.
iVAMS 2.0: Machine-Learning-Metamodel-Integrated Intelligent Verilog-AMS for Fast and Accurate Mixed-Signal Design Optimization (2019)

The gap between abstraction levels in analog design is a major obstacle for advancing analog and mixed-signal (AMS) design automation and computer-aided design (CAD). Intelligent models for low-level analog building blocks are needed to bridge the accuracy gap between behavioral and transistor-level simulations. The models should be able to accurately estimate the characteristics of the analog block over a large design space. Machine learning (ML) models based on actual silicon have the capabilities of capturing detailed characteristics of complex designs. In this paper, a ML model called Artificial Neural Network Metamodels (ANNM) have been explored to capture the highly nonlinear nature of analog blocks. The application of these intelligent models to multi-objective AMS block optimization is demonstrated. Parameterized behavioral models in Verilog-AMS based on the ANN metamodels are constructed for efficient AMS design exploration. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first paper to integrate ANN models in Verilog-AMS, which is called iVAMS 2.0. To demonstrate the application of iVAMS 2.0, this paper presents two case studies: an operational amplifier (OP-AMP) and a phase-locked loop (PLL). A biologically-inspired "firefly optimization algorithm" is applied to an OP-AMP design in the iVAMS 2.0 framework. The optimization process is sped up by 5580X due to the use of iVAMS with negligible loss in accuracy. Similarly, for a PLL design, the physical design aware ANNs are trained and used as metamodels to predict its frequency, locking time, and power. Thorough experimental results demonstrate that only 100 sample points are sufficient for ANNs to predict the output of circuits with 21 design parameters within 3% accuracy. A proposed artificial bee colony (ABC) based algorithm performs optimization over the ANN metamodels of the PLL.
Corrosion of Ceramic Coatings in Oxidizing High-Temperature Aqueous Solutions (1995)

Corrosion of ceramic coating films were investigated in various oxidizing aqueous solutions to apply the coatings to instruments of chemical plants. Factors to affect corrosion resistance were discussed from the viewpoint of dissolved oxygen content and film properties such as film material, crystallinity, chlorine content, element composition, splashed particles and pinhole ratio. The obtained results in this study are summarized as follows:(1) Corrosion of ceramic films were accelerated with increase of dissolved oxygen content.(2) Crystallinity and chlorine content of film strongly affected corrosion resistance of plasma CVD coatings.(3) Crystallinity of film and splashed particles in film strongly affected corrosion resistance of PVD coatings.
Phase II trial of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium (2003)

Abstract BACKGROUND Gemcitabine and docetaxel are active agents in advanced urothelial carcinoma. A Phase II trial of this combination was performed to determine the activity and toxicity of these agents in a multiinstitutional setting in patients previously treated with one prior chemotherapy regimen. METHODS Twenty‐nine eligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with docetaxel at a dose of 40 mg/m 2 over 1 hour followed by gemcitabine, 800 mg/m 2 , over 30 minutes, both intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8. Cycles were repeated every 21 days until disease progression or a maximum of 6 cycles. RESULTS Five patients obtained an objective response for an overall response rate of 17% (90% confidence interval, 7–33%). One patient achieved a complete clinical response. The median overall survival of the group was 7.7 months. Toxicity was moderate with granulocytopenia, anorexia, and fatigue being the most commonly noted side effects. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine and docetaxel is an active second‐line combination in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Responses in visceral, lymph node, and soft tissues sites were observed. Granulocytopenia without fever, fatigue, and anorexia was common. Thromboembolic symptoms were reported and are of concern. The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel has the potential to palliate a subset of previously treated patients with an adequate performance status. Cancer 2003;97:2743–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11413
A novel function for the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex in base excision repair (2009)

The Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has well-characterized functions in DNA double-strand break processing, checkpoint activation, telomere length maintenance and meiosis. In this study, we demonstrate an involvement of the complex in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We studied the repair of methyl-methanesulfonate-induced heat-labile sites in chromosomal DNA in vivo and the in vitro BER capacity for the repair of uracil- and 8-oxoG-containing oligonucleotides in MRX-deficient cells. Both approaches show a clear BER deficiency for the xrs2 mutant as compared to wildtype cells. The in vitro analyses revealed that both subpathways, long-patch and short-patch BER, are affected and that all components of the MRX complex are similarly important for the new function in BER. The investigation of the epistatic relationship of XRS2 to other BER genes suggests a role of the MRX complex downstream of the AP-lyases Ntg1 and Ntg2. Analysis of individual steps in BER showed that base recognition and strand incision are not affected by the MRX complex. Reduced gap-filling activity and the missing effect of aphidicoline treatment, an inhibitor for polymerases, on the BER efficiency indicate an involvement of the MRX complex in providing efficient polymerase activity.
Paragonimiasis in a cystic breast mass: Case report and implications for examination of aspirated cyst fluids (1994)

We report a case of paragonimiasis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration of a breast mass in a middle-aged Korean female with a history of breast silicone injections. Although parasitoses have been discovered by aspiration of cyst fluid in otherwise sterile sites (i.e., liver and lung), the cystic presentation in the breast of a middle-aged female complicated the diagnosis in this case. Some authors have argued against the routine cytologic examination of nonbloody cyst fluids in premenopausal women, but this protocol may lead to a false negative diagnosis in the rare instance of a parasitic cyst. While microscopic examination of breast cyst fluid is probably not warranted in every patient, it may be useful in patients at risk for unusual cystic lesions, especially if clinical and mammographic signs of fibrocystic change are absent.
Bisphosphonates and Cancer: What Opportunities from Nanotechnology? (2013)

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are synthetic analogues of naturally occurring pyrophosphate compounds. They are used in clinical practice to inhibit bone resorption in bone metastases, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. BPs induce apoptosis because they can be metabolically incorporated into nonhydrolyzable analogues of adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs), second-generation BPs, act by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. These molecules are able to induce apoptosis of a number of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, antiangiogenic effect of BPs has also been reported. However, despite these promising properties, BPs rapidly accumulate into the bone, thus hampering their use to treat extraskeletal tumors. Nanotechnologies can represent an opportunity to limit BP accumulation into the bone, thus increasing drug level in extraskeletal sites of the body. Thus, nanocarriers encapsulating BPs can be used to target macrophages, to reduce angiogenesis, and to directly kill cancer cell. Moreover, nanocarriers can be conjugated with BPs to specifically deliver anticancer agent to bone tumors. This paper describes, in the first part, the state-of-art on the BPs, and, in the following part, the main studies in which nanotechnologies have been proposed to investigate new indications for BPs in cancer therapy.
CO2 methanation over heterogeneous catalysts: recent progress and future prospects (2015)

This review describes an overview on much of the recent work in catalytic methanation of CO<sub>2</sub> and its future prospects.
Quantum Correlations Conundrum: An Automaton-Theoretic Approach (1999)

We develop an automatic-theoretic analysis of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen conundrum on the basis of two simple devices introduced by Mermin [10, 11].
The protein sequence and some intron positions are conserved between the switching geneswi10ofSchizosaccharomyces pombeand the human excision repair gene ERCC1 (1992)

The switching gene swi10+ has a function in mating-type switching as well as in the repair of radiation damages. We have cloned the genomic swi10+ gene by functional complementation of the switching defect of the swi10-154 mutant. The swi10+ gene is not essential for viability. The DNA sequence revealed an open reading frame of 759 nucleotides interrupted by three introns of 127, 52 and 60 bp, respectively. The positions of intron I as well as of intron III of swi10 are evolutionary conserved in comparison to the introns III and IV of the human ERCC1 gene. The analysis of cDNA clones isolated by PCR amplification confirmed the structure of the swi10 gene. The putative Swi10 protein has homologies to the human and mouse ERCC1 protein, to Rad10 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to parts of UvrA and UvrC of E. coli. All these proteins are essential components for excision repair of damaged DNA. The Swi10 protein contains a putative DNA binding domain previously found in other proteins. Northern blot experiments and the analyses of cDNA clones indicate that intron I of the swi10 gene is not efficiently spliced.
DEA by sequential exclusion of alternatives in heterogeneous samples (2015)

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a well-known nonparametric technique of efficiency evaluation which is actively used in many economic applications. However, DEA is not very well applicable when a sample consists of firms operating under drastically different conditions. We offer a new method of efficiency estimation in heterogeneous samples based on a sequential exclusion of alternatives and standard DEA approach. We show a connection between efficiency scores obtained via standard DEA model and the ones obtained via our algorithm. We also illustrate our model by evaluating 28 Russian universities and compare the results obtained by two techniques.
A magnetic bearing system using capacitive sensors for position measurement (1990)

A capacitive sensor system for use in a bearingless induction motor is presented. Details of the circuit design are presented, and a theoretical step response is calculated and compared with experimental results. It is shown that one-dimensional position stability of an induction machine rotor can be obtained by controlling the currents in diametrically opposed conventional stator windings. In the case considered, the weight of the rotor was supported by a state current of 33% of the rated value. A margin is therefore available for the addition of a rotating component of current. The rotor of this machine has been reduced during development of the position sensor. It is anticipated that the system could be implemented with a smaller airgap and consequently a smaller steady-state current. The position signal was satisfactorily obtained using a simple airgap-mounted position-sensing system. An approximate model of the nonlinear system is sufficient for predicting the closed-loop step response for small perturbations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>