gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optoelectronic implementations of neural networks (1989)

The ability of optical systems to provide the massive interconnections between processors required in most neural network models, which constitutes their chief advantage for such applications, is discussed, focusing on holography. Because of the essential nonlinearity of the holographic connections, nonlinear processing elements are needed to perform complex computations. The use of GaAs hybrid optoelectronic processing elements is examined. GaAs is an excellent material for this purpose, since it can be used to fabricate both fast electronic circuits and optical sources and detectors. It is shown how a complete hybrid neural computer can be implemented using available technology developed for conventional computing. An experimentally demonstrated network in which optics plays an even larger role is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The normal states of magnetic d and f transition metals (1996)

The normal states of magnetic metals with vanishing Curie or Néel temperatures are investigated by means of measurements of the temperature and pressure dependence of the resistivity in the stoichiometric d and f compounds and . The results for the nearly ferromagnetic d metals may be described over a wide range in temperature and pressure in terms of a quantitative model of a marginal Fermi liquid based on dispersive spin-fluctuation spectra inferred from inelastic neutron scattering data. The behaviour of the antiferromagnetic f metals is also unconventional, but in a way which cannot yet be readily categorized. Near the critical pressure where , displays a resistivity of the form over nearly two decades in temperature before condensing into a short-coherence-length superconducting state below 0.4 K. The isoelectronic and isostructural compound , with a lattice cell volume slightly smaller than that of , remains normal down to 20 mK and shows a resistivity of the form over a decade below several kelvin at ambient pressure. These findings for the Ce systems have not yet been described consistently in terms of an extension of the model developed for the ferromagnetic d metals.
Single droplet size, velocity, and optical characteristics by the polarization properties of scattered light (1989)

A method is described for obtaining size, velocity, and optical properties of transparent spherical droplets employing the polarization characteristics of scattered light. A preliminary analysis of the Lorenz-Mie solution, in comparison with geometrical optics, points out the importance of surface waves in the side scattering region between theta = 85 degrees and theta = 120 degrees . Here the horizontal component of scattered light due to surface waves prevails over that due to external reflection for droplets smaller than 100 microm and the polarization ratiogamma = C(HH)/C(VV) can be employed for determining the particle size. A dual-beam system is made of two equal intensity circularly counterotating polarized laser beams which generate a polarized fringe pattern in the interference volume. The polarization ratio of scattered light, at a fixed scattering angle theta, and velocity is obtained by analysis of the bursts produced by individual droplets. The method was tested by determining the size and velocity distribution functions of droplet arrays produced by a Berglund-Liu atomizer operated either in monodisperse or in bidisperse regimes. The angular pattern of the polarization ratio was determined on calibrated streams of transparent droplets with different refractive indices, and the influence of this parameter on the role of surface waves in different angular scattering regions is discussed.
Novel inhibitors of Rac1 in metastatic breast cancer. (2010)

Based on the results, we conclude that the novel compounds show promise of further development as small molecule inhibitors of invasive breast cancer progression.
Molecular genetic analysis of the moa operon of Escherichia coli K‐12 required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (1993)

A 3.2 kb chromosomal DNA fragment which complements the defects in a series of twelve moa::Mucts insertion mutants has been sequenced. Five open reading frames (ORFs) were identified and these are arranged in a manner consistent with their forming an operon. The encoded proteins (MoaA-MoaE) have predicted molecular weights of 37,346, 18,665, 17,234, 8843 and 16,981 respectively. Examination of subclones of the whole locus in an expression system demonstrated the predicted products. N-terminal amino acid sequences for the moaA, B, C and E products confirmed the translational starts. Genetic analysis distinguished four classes of moa mutants corresponding to genes moaA, C, D and E. Potential promoter sequences upstream of moaA and a possible transcription termination signal have been identified. Genetic analysis of the chlA1 and chlM mutants, which have been biochemically characterized as defective in molybdopterin biosynthesis, indicates that these carry lesions in moaA and moaD respectively. The moa locus is orientated clockwise at 17.7 minutes in the chromosome.
Synthesis, X-ray characterisation and reactions of a trigonal planar palladium(0) carbonyl complex, (tbpx)PdCO (2003)

The novel complex (tbpx)PdCO (1), the first example of a structurally characterised sixteen electron, trigonal planar palladium(0) carbonyl complex, was prepared, characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, and some unusual aspects of its reactivity were studied.
MicroRNA-33 Inhibits Adaptive Thermogenesis and Adipose Tissue Beiging (2021)

[Figure: see text].
Regulation of Thymocyte Survival by Transcriptional Coactivators (2006)

A majority of the developing T cells are eliminated by apoptosis because they do not meet the positive and negative selection criteria. Developing T cells are thus susceptible to apoptotic signals. On the other hand, there are mechanisms to prevent developing T cells from premature apoptosis. Maintenance of a fine balance between life and death is thus critical for successful completion of T-cell development. Our recent studies demonstrated an essential role of transcriptional coactivators in maintaining such a balance for developing T cells. Transcriptional coactivators are recruited by transcriptional factors to quantitatively regulate gene expression via modifying chromatin structure. Two transcriptional factors, TCF-1 and ROR gamma t, are required to upregulate the levels of Bcl-xL, a critical survival factor for CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes. However, TCF-1 and ROR gamma t by themselves are not sufficient to stimulate Bcl-xL expression. Transcriptional coactivator beta-catenin recruited by TCF-1, and steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) recruited by ROR gamma t, are also required for optimal stimulation of Bcl-xL expression. Thus, transcriptional coactivators are a substantial component of the transcriptional machinery to regulate thymocye survival, ensuring the completion of T-cell development.
Towards Bimodal Optical Monitoring of Photodynamic Therapy with Targeted Nanoconstructs: A Phantom Study (2019)

Increase of the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the development of advanced protocols employing both novel photosensitizer (PS) carriers and aids for online monitoring. Nanoconstructs may be comprised of a photosensitizer, chemotherapy drugs, or inhibitors of molecular pathways that support cancer growth. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of a bimodal approach involving fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging in monitoring drug distribution and photobleaching. The study evaluates typical sensitivities of these techniques to the presence of the two key moieties of a nanoconstruct: benzoporphyrin derivatives (BPD) serving as a PS, and IRDye800 acting as a contrast agent. Both imaging modalities employ dual-wavelength probing at the wavelengths corresponding to absorption peaks of BPD and IRDye800, which enables their separate detection. In an experiment on a tissue-mimicking phantom with inclusions containing separate BPD and IRDye800 solutions, fluorescence imaging demonstrated higher contrast as compared to optoacoustic imaging for both components, though strong light scattering in the surrounding media restricted accurate localization of the markers. It was also sensitive to photobleaching, which is a measure of PDT efficiency. Optoacoustic imaging demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to both components, though less than that of fluorescence imaging, however, it enabled depth-resolved detection of an absorber and estimation of its relative content. Employment of the bimodal approach in monitoring of PS photobleaching adds to its potential in intraprocedural PDT monitoring.
v-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (8-azapurines). Part 22. Synthesis of 2-amino- and 2-oxo-derivatives of N-alkyl-1,6-dihydro-8-azapurines from the corresponding 4-amino-5-aminomethyl-1,2,3-triazoles (1980)

2-Amino-1,6-dihydro-8-azapurines (1c–e), alkylated on a ring-nitrogen atom, were synthesized from corresponding N-alkyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-1,2,3-triazoles, e.g.(2a), and cyanogen bromide. 1,6-Dihydro-8-azapurin-2-ones (3), similarly alkylated, were obtained by ring-closure of N-alkyl-4-amino-5-ethoxycarbonyl-aminomethyl-1,2,3-triazoles, e.g.(2e). Dehydrogenation of six dihydro-compounds with potassium permanganate gave 8-azapurines. These had strong covalent hydrating tendencies to form secondary alcohols of the type (5). Two of the 2-amino-compounds (4a and b) exhibited this property in the cations, and all the oxo-compounds (6) in the neutral species. Physical properties (1H n.m.r., u.v., i.r.) or typical products were measured and discussed.
Discovery of Unusually Stable Reduced Viologen via Synergistic Folding and Encapsulation (2019)

The preparation and identification of an unusually stable viologen radical has been demonstrated. The intramolecular interactions of bis-viologen species such as 1,1"-[1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium] (1) and 1,1"-(1,3-propanediyl)bis[1'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium] (2) upon reduction and complexation by cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) result in the formation of a unique monoradical species. Cyclic voltammetric responses for 1 and 2 in the presence of CB[8] showed a splitting of the degenerate 2 e− redox wave (corresponding to the 4+/2+ transition of the bis-viologen) into two separate 1 e− redox waves indicating the stabilization of the 3+ form of the bis-viologens. Visible light absorbance showed that this species had a distinct electronic structure, imparting a blue color unlike the 2+ state of the bis-viologen or the 1+ state of partially reduced methylviologen. The persistence of the blue color over time, even in the presence of dissolved O2, illustrated a significant stabilization of these monoradical species in comparison to any other partially reduced viologen radical. Molecular orbital calculations indicated that the origin of this stability arises from the SOMO of the monoradical that features the electron density as buried between the two cofacial viologen units, hindering electronic coupling with oxidants such as O2 and thereby providing enhanced stability for energy storage and electrochromic applications.
Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Does Core Size Matter? (2018)

Nanoparticles grafted with a dense brush of hydrophilic polymers exhibit high colloidal stability. However, reversible aggregation can be triggered by an increase in temperature if the polymer is thermoresponsive, as the polymer shell partly loses its hydration. We investigate the role of nanoparticle curvature on the critical solution temperature (CST) of grafted poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) and critical flocculation temperature (CFT) of the core-shell nanoparticle dispersion. Cores with diameters ranging from 5 to 21 nm were studied by temperature-cycled dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry over a large range of concentrations. We show that core size and curvature only have a minor influence on particle aggregation (CFT and cluster size), while they have major influence on the CST of the polymer shell. The densely grafted shells exhibit three distinct solvation transitions, the relative contributions of each is controlled by the core curvature. We link these transitions to different polymer density regimes within the spherical brush and demonstrate that the CST of the innermost part of the brush coincides with the CFT of the particle dispersion.
Sequential One-Pot Reactions of Thioformamides with Organolithium and Zinc Reagents (2011)

Abstract Sequential one-pot reactions of thioformamides with organolithium and zinc reagents were carried out. As thioformamides, N,N-dimethylthioformamide and N-ethoxycarbonyl N′-thioformyl piperazine were used. A variety of organolithium reagents such as alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryllithiums were used to give the corresponding amines in moderate to high yields. The efficiency of the reaction was influenced by the substituents on the aromatic rings. Thienyllithium gave the product in good yield, whereas the reaction of furyllithium was less efficient. A similar reaction with lithium acetylides was not successful. As an alternative method, methyl iodide was added to the reaction mixture of thioformamides and lithium silylacetylide to form S,N-acetals as intermediates, and to this were added organozinc reagents to lead to propargylamines. For organozinc reagents, dialkyl zincs and 3-ethoxycarbonylpropylzinc bromide were used. The former reagents showed high efficiency when combined with several organolithium reagents, but the latter gave the corresponding product only when lithium silylacetylide was used as an initial reagent.
Linear sifting of decision diagrams (1997)

We propose a new algorithm, called linear sifting, for theoptimization of decision diagrams that combines the efficiency of sifting and the power of linear transformations. We show that the new algorithm is applicable to large examples, and that inmany cases it leads to substantiallymore compact diagrams when compared to simple variablereordering. We show inwhat sense linear transformationscomplement variable reordering, and we discuss applications of the new technique to synthesis and verification.
Reproductive Problems and Birth Defects in Survivors of Wilms’ Tumor and Their Relatives (1989)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Apr 1989Reproductive Problems and Birth Defects in Survivors of Wilms’ Tumor and Their Relatives J. Byrne, J.J. Mulvihill, R.R. Connelly, D.A. Austin, G.E. Holmes, F.F. Holmes, H.B. Latourette, J.W. Meigs, L.C. Strong, and M.H. Myers J. ByrneJ. Byrne More articles by this author , J.J. MulvihillJ.J. Mulvihill More articles by this author , R.R. ConnellyR.R. Connelly More articles by this author , D.A. AustinD.A. Austin More articles by this author , G.E. HolmesG.E. Holmes More articles by this author , F.F. HolmesF.F. Holmes More articles by this author , H.B. LatouretteH.B. Latourette More articles by this author , J.W. MeigsJ.W. Meigs More articles by this author , L.C. StrongL.C. Strong More articles by this author , and M.H. MyersM.H. Myers More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41125-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Reproductive Problems and Birth Defects in Survivors of Wilms’ Tumor and Their Relatives." The Journal of Urology, 141(4), pp. 1043–1044 © 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 141Issue 4April 1989Page: 1043-1044 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information J. Byrne More articles by this author J.J. Mulvihill More articles by this author R.R. Connelly More articles by this author D.A. Austin More articles by this author G.E. Holmes More articles by this author F.F. Holmes More articles by this author H.B. Latourette More articles by this author J.W. Meigs More articles by this author L.C. Strong More articles by this author M.H. Myers More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Dynamic Positioning of Scoliotic Patients During Spine Instrumentation Surgery (2009)

The DPF provides a novel way of modifying the patient's position preoperatively and intraoperatively. Dynamic patient positioning, coupled with applied corrective forces, allows for increased reduction of the scoliotic deformity as compared with the R-H frame. Further investigation is required to optimize cushion placement and thus, insure safe patient-cushion interface pressures.
Horizontal pressures in cylindrical metal silos and comparison with different international standards (2013)

The focus of this research was to evaluate the horizontal pressures on a cylindrical metal silo of corrugated walls and flat bottom with 1.82m diameter and 5.4m high, and to compare the values with those obtained theoretically by the ISO 11697, EP 433 and AS 3774 standards. The silo was symmetrically filled and constant speed with wheat cv. soft red for two different height/diameter ratios (H/D) and was unloaded through three orifices with a diameter of 71.6mm, one concentric and two eccentrics. Horizontal pressures were measured on the walls of the silo at three positions using hydraulic type pressure cells. The results showed that shortly after the start of the unloading, there was a mass flow above the quota of H/D = 1.2, whereas below this quota funnel flow occurred. It can be said that the EP 433 standard was more appropriate to predict horizontal pressures in silos in H/D ratio = 1.0, with eccentric unloading. For the H/D ratio = 1.5, AS 3774 standard was the one that produced values closer to the experimental.
Towards a generative model of natural motion (2005)

Understanding how animals move has fascinated scientists in many different disciplines since the ancient Greece. Today we have an unprecedented ability to study the control mechanisms of animal's functional activities, analyze the kinematic and dynamic properties of the locomotion, and build scientific models to recreate and predict a wide range of natural motions. The power that enables us to achieve what the scientists of the past could only hypothesize stems from three sources. First, we have more complete and integrated domain knowledge across biomechanics, robotics, kinesiology, and physics. Second, we have better computing tools to tackle the problems that were intractable in the past. Third, we have more accurate and efficient data acquisition methods that enable large datasets of motions in details. 
This thesis work introduces a physics-based model that makes the first step towards a generative model for synthesis of human natural motions. We design a model that produces both highly dynamic motions and low energy motions. Exploiting the dynamic properties of highly dynamic motions, we describe a simple but powerful algorithm to synthesize realistic motions such as jumping, diving, and gymnastics. For low energy motions that are not strictly determined by the dynamic rules, we introduce a physics-based representation of motion style based on several factors of locomotion derived from biomechanical hypotheses. We also introduce an automatic method for extracting style parameters from a single motion sequence and for synthesizing a new motion sequence in the same style but performing a different task. In practice, this generative model can be applied to producing realistic motions in real-time in a parameterized motion space. Furthermore, we can extend this model to creating complex motion with multiple characters.
Supplementary Table 1 from Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Through PAK4 Inhibition Sensitizes Tumors to Immune Checkpoint Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Panel of immune markers for dendritic cell characterization.&lt;/p&gt;
Association of Insufficient Sleep With Respiratory Infection Among Adults in the United States (2016)

95% CI, 10.7%-10.7%), and 1-star hospitals with a rate of 11.2% (95% CI, 11.2%-11.3%) (P <.001 for trend).
Subspace search and visualization to make sense of alternative clusterings in high-dimensional data (2012)

In explorative data analysis, the data under consideration often resides in a high-dimensional (HD) data space. Currently many methods are available to analyze this type of data. So far, proposed automatic approaches include dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis, whereby visual-interactive methods aim to provide effective visual mappings to show, relate, and navigate HD data. Furthermore, almost all of these methods conduct the analysis from a singular perspective, meaning that they consider the data in either the original HD data space, or a reduced version thereof. Additionally, HD data spaces often consist of combined features that measure different properties, in which case the particular relationships between the various properties may not be clear to the analysts a priori since it can only be revealed if appropriate feature combinations (subspaces) of the data are taken into consideration. Considering just a single subspace is, however, often not sufficient since different subspaces may show complementary, conjointly, or contradicting relations between data items. Useful information may consequently remain embedded in sets of subspaces of a given HD input data space. Relying on the notion of subspaces, we propose a novel method for the visual analysis of HD data in which we employ an interestingness-guided subspace search algorithm to detect a candidate set of subspaces. Based on appropriately defined subspace similarity functions, we visualize the subspaces and provide navigation facilities to interactively explore large sets of subspaces. Our approach allows users to effectively compare and relate subspaces with respect to involved dimensions and clusters of objects. We apply our approach to synthetic and real data sets. We thereby demonstrate its support for understanding HD data from different perspectives, effectively yielding a more complete view on HD data.
Specific interaction of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with annexin II on the membrane of pancreatic cancer cells activates plasminogen and promotes invasion in vitro (2004)

t-PA specifically binds to annexin II on the extracellular membrane of pancreatic cancer cells where it activates local plasmin production and tumour cell invasion. These findings may be clinically relevant for future therapeutic strategies based on specific drugs that counteract the activity of t-PA or its receptor annexin II, or their interaction at the surface level.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection in Pune, India (1992)

Journal Article Seroepidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection in Pune, India Get access Vidya A. Arankalle, Vidya A. Arankalle National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Post Box No. 11, Pune-411 001, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.L. Ramamoorthy, C.L. Ramamoorthy National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Post Box No. 11, Pune-411 001, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Banerjee K. Banerjee National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Post Box No. 11, Pune-411 001, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 86, Issue 1, January-February 1992, Page 89, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(92)90457-N Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 06 March 1991 Revision received: 11 July 1991 Accepted: 31 July 1991 Published: 01 January 1992