gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction of large amplitude wavefront aberrations (2005)

Recently, a number of research groups around the world have developed ophthalmic instruments capable of in vivo diffraction limited imaging of the human retina. <i>Adaptive optics</i> was used in these systems to compensate for the optical aberrations of the eye and provide high contrast, high resolution images. Such compensation uses a wavefront sensor and a wavefront corrector (usually a deformable mirror) coordinated in a closed- loop control system that continuously works to counteract aberrations. While those experiments produced promising results, the deformable mirrors have had insufficient range of motion to permit full correction of the large amplitude aberrations of the eye expected in a normal population of human subjects. Other retinal imaging systems developed to date with MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) DMs suffer similar limitations. This paper describes the design, manufacture and testing of a 6um stroke polysilicon surface micromachined deformable mirror that, coupled with an new optical method to double the effective stroke of the MEMS-DM, will permit diffraction-limited retinal imaging through dilated pupils in at least 90% of the human population. A novel optical design using spherical mirrors provides a double pass of the wavefront over the deformable mirror such that a 6um mirror displacement results in 12um of wavefront compensation which could correct for 24um of wavefront error. Details of this design are discussed. Testing of the effective wavefront modification was performed using a commercial wavefront sensor. Results are presented demonstrating improvement in the amplitude of wavefront control using an existing high degree of freedom MEMS deformable mirror.
<title>Results from turbulence profiling using SCIDAR at several observing sites</title> (1997)

Atmospheric turbulence strength profile measurements are presented for a number of astronomical observation
sites. These results were obtained using the generalised SCIDAR (SCIntillation, Distance And
Ranging) technique which allows both the turbulence strength profile and the velocity of the turbulent
layers to be determined as a function of height.
Synthesis and properties of cyclic acetal biomaterials (2006)

There is an increasing need to develop new biomaterials as tissue engineering scaffolds. Unfortunately, many of the materials that have been studied for these purposes are polyesters that hydrolytically degrade into acidic products, which may harm the surrounding tissue, and lead to accelerated degradation of the biomaterial. To overcome this disadvantage, a novel class of biomaterials based on a cyclic acetal unit has been created. Specifically, materials based upon the monomer 5-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-beta,beta-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-ethanol diacrylate (EHD) is examined. This study investigates the effects of fabrication parameters, including initiator content, volume of diluent, and volume of accelerant, on several properties of EHD networks. Twelve different formulations were fabricated by varying the three parameters in a factorial design. The effects of the fabrication parameters on properties of the EHD networks were examined. Results show that the volume of accelerant most affected the EHD network gelation time, while the volume of diluent most affected the maximum reaction temperature, sol fraction, and degree of swelling. Cell viability on the EHD networks varied between (18 +/- 6)% and (57 +/- 10)% of the control at 4 h, and between (36 +/- 14)% and (140 +/- 50)% of the control at 8 h. These results indicate that it is possible to control the properties of the EHD networks by varying the fabrication parameters, and that EHD networks support a viable cell population.
Molecular cloning, expression, purification and crystallographic analysis of PRRSV 3CL protease (2007)

3CL protease, a viral chymotrypsin-like proteolytic enzyme, plays a pivotal role in the transcription and replication machinery of many RNA viruses, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In this study, the full-length 3CL protease from PRRSV was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Crystallization experiments yielded crystals that diffracted to 2.1 A resolution and belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 112.31, b = 48.34, c = 42.88 A, beta = 109.83 degrees . The Matthews coefficient and the solvent content were calculated to be 2.49 A(3) Da(-1) and 50.61%, respectively, for one molecule in the asymmetric unit.
Standardization of Euphorbia hirta with Chemical Compounds Identification (GC-MS) (2012)

The present study was intended to evaluate the various pharmacognostical procedures in the leaves of E. hirta, (Euphorbiaceae). The various pharmacognostical parameters were carried out as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, heavy metal analysis, functional group analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and assay. The study was extended with analyzing the chemical compounds identification in the extract of E. hirta by using GC-MS. The assay part of standardization involved determination of the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) which could help assesses the chemical effects and establishes curative values. The extracts showed an antioxidant activity above 50%, independent of the extraction time. Six major peaks in the range of 600 - 1500 and 2800 - 3400 cm -1 were observed in the FTIR spectra. The chemical constituent aspect of standardization involves quantification of the main chemical components in E. hirta . The GC-MS method used for quantification of 1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid in the extract was rapid, accurate, precise, linear (R2 = 0.9981), rugged and robust. The concentrations of heavy metals determined in E. hirta extract are well below the permissible limit. The result of the pharmacognostical standardization of this plant serves as a reference piece and helps in future identification and authentication of this plant specimen.
On Enhancing Power Benefits in 3D ICs (2014)

Low power is widely considered as a key benefit of 3D ICs, yet there have been few thorough design studies on how to maximize power benefits in 3D ICs. In this paper, we present design methodologies to reduce power consumption in 3D ICs using a large-scale commercial-grade microprocessor (OpenSPARC T2). To further improve power benefits in 3D ICs on top of the traditional 3D floorplanning, we study the impact of block folding and bonding styles. We also develop an effective method to place face-to-face vias for our 2-tier 3D design for power optimization. With aforementioned methods combined, our 3D designs provide up to 20.3% power reduction over the 2D counterpart under the same performance.
Effects of the open reading frames in the Rous sarcoma virus leader RNA on translation (1993)

Three short open reading frames (ORFs) reside in the 5' leader of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and are conserved in all avian sarcoma-leukosis retroviruses. Both extensions of the lengths of the ORFs and alterations in their initiation codons affect viral replication and gene expression. To determine whether the effects on viral replication were due to translational regulation mediated by the ORFs, we examined translation following mutation of the initiation and termination codons of each of the three ORFs. We found that the ORFs marginally enhanced downstream gene expression. Moreover, repression of downstream gene translation was proportional to the lengths of the elongated ORFs and depended on the initiation contexts of the AUG codons. Although the ORFs play a major role in viral activities, their effects on translation were relatively minor. Rather, the ORFs may affect the fate of unspliced avian retroviral RNA in chronically infected cells by participating in the sorting of viral RNA for either translation or encapsidation into virions.
Laccase‐Mimicking Syntheses of Phenoxazinones by Aerobic Oxidative Homo‐ and Hetero‐Dimerizations of Aminophenols (2021)

Abstract To pursue a sustainable enzyme‐liking approach, a laccase‐mimicking model that utilized natural low‐toxic gallic acid as an organocatalyst was developed for efficient aerobic oxidative homo‐ and hetero‐dimerizations of various 2‐aminophenols to afford 2‐aminophenoxazin‐3‐ones with moderate to high isolated yields at room temperature in water.
The natural killer-related receptor for HLA-C expressed on T cells from CD3+ lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes displays either inhibitory or stimulatory function (1996)

Four patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) coexpressing CD3 and the natural killer (NK)-related "p58" receptor for HLA-C alleles were studied. These CD3+p58+ LDGLs have been detected among a series of 44 CD3+ LDGLs analyzed. Two patients with LDGL (GI and BA) expressed only the p58 molecule defined by the GL-183 and CH-L monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), while the cases of patients PU and MA also coexpressed the molecular form identified by EB6 anti-p58 MoAb. Three LDGL cases (GI, MA, and PU) displayed the CD8+4-CD16+ T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha/beta+ phenotype, while one patient (BA) was CD8+4+CD16+ TCRalpha/beta+. Freshly isolated granular lymphocytes (GL) from these cases displayed cytolytic activity in an anti-CD3 MoAb-triggered redirected killing assay against the Fcgamma-receptor+ (Fcgamma-R+) P815 target cell line. Lysis of P815 target cells, triggered by an anti-CD3 or by anti-CD16 MoAb, could be inhibited by the addition of anti-p58 MoAb in three fresh or interleukin (IL)-2-cultured GL tested (GI, MA, and PU). Triggering of cytotoxicity against the HLA-DR+ Fcgamma-R+ Daudi cell line induced by appropriate superantigens could also be inhibited by anti-p58 MoAb in patients PU and GI with LDGL. These data indicate that activation through the CD16, CD3, and TCR molecules can be modulated by p58 receptors in these LDGLs. On the contrary, IL-2-expanded cells of patient BA were induced to lyse P815 target cells by anti-p58 MoAb. In addition, anti-p58 MoAB enhanced anti-CD16 MoAb triggered lysis and did not inhibit activation via CD3. These data indicate that, in this particular patient with LDGL, p58 displays a stimulatory effect on cell triggering, rather than the typical inhibitory effect previously observed in p58+ T-cell clones derived from healthy donors. The anti-p58 MoAb did not induce CA++ mobilization in p58+ LDGLs and in a p58+CD3+ normal T-cell clone equipped with inhibitory p58 molecules, while Ca++ mobilization could be observed in cultured GL from patient BA, which could be activated by anti-58 MoAb. These findings suggest that stimulatory and inhibitory p58 molecules are equipped with different signal transducing properties, thus contributing to a better knowledge of the normal counterpart.
Radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy under local anesthesia (2007)

RMIP under local anesthesia is a safe and effective modality to treat primary hyperparathyroidism. The short operative time, the use of local anesthesia and the low complication rate make this technique a viable alternative.
Intestinal variant alkaline phosphatase in plasma in disease (1990)

We investigated by enzyme electrophoresis after prolonged neuraminidase treatment the activity of "intestinal variant" (alpha 2-globulin mobility) alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; ALP) in the plasma of 189 patients selected for disorders (diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and chronic renal failure) with a known high frequency of increased plasma intestinal (beta-globulin mobility) ALP activity. The overall frequency of the variant ALP was 23.8%, whereas in the samples showing intestinal ALP it was 45.0%. The variant ALP was not observed in the absence of intestinal ALP, nor in patients of blood group A. Its frequency did not differ significantly between the different patient groups. Quantification of the variant ALP by densitometry was unsatisfactory but the quantity could be estimated by subtracting the intestinal ALP activity measured by electrophoresis from the activity determined by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody that reacts with both the intestinal and the variant forms. This indicated median activity of 12 U/L for the variant, approximately equal to that of the concomitant intestinal ALP. From the effects of papain and bromelain treatments, we suggest that "intestinal variant" represents intestinal ALP with attached membrane-binding domain.
Generalized asymptotic Sidon basis (2020)

Let h,k≥2 be integers. We say a set A of positive integers is an asymptotic basis of order k if every large enough positive integer can be represented as the sum of k terms from A. A set of positive integers A is called a Bh[g] set if every positive integer can be represented as the sum of h terms from A in at most g different ways. In this paper we prove the existence of Bh[1] sets which are asymptotic bases of order 2h+1 by using probabilistic methods.
Probabilistic-relaxation-based postprocessing for the detection of lines (1997)

We propose a method for line extraction in complex images. We consider a two-stage process. First, the initial measurements at each image point are given by combining the image convolution outputs obtained from directional filters. Second, a postprocessing stage, based on probabilistic relaxation, refines the initial labeling using contextual information. The major differences from other similar approaches are the explicit inclusion of the relative measurements between pixels and the careful modeling of the probability density functions of these measurements.
[Skier's thumb--osseous injury and rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament]. (1993)

Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb are common in down hill-skiing, and are thus called "skier's thumb". In complete disruption of the ligament, surgical treatment is mandatory to restore stability. The management gets more difficult if a bony lesion is present: does a non-displaced fragment represent a non-displaced bony avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament, thus allowing conservative treatment? We reviewed sixty-three consecutive patients with an acute skier's thumb injury in order to determine the anatomical nature of injuries in thumbs that were treated surgically either for fracture or for instability. Of all 63 thumbs, twenty-five (40%) had a fracture. Surgical exploration showed two types of fractures: a fragment attached to the ulnar collateral ligament, and a fragment not attached to the ulnar collateral ligament. The first type, corresponding to a true avulsion fracture of the ulnar collateral ligament, was found in eight cases. The same fracture type was seen in other seven cases with an additional isolated fragment not attached to the ligament. Such an isolated fragment was observed in ten other cases where the ulnar collateral ligament was completely disrupted. This type of bone fragmentation cannot be differentiated from a bony avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament on routine films. Therefore, it is mandatory to stress test the injured thumb even when a bony avulsion fracture with no or minimal displacement is suspected on X-ray. The fracture may not represent a bony avulsion, but a fragmentation of the ulnar volar aspect of the proximal phalanx associated with a complete disruption of the ulnar collateral ligament.
A field data analysis of risk factors affecting the injury risks in vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes. (2008)

The head, torso, and lower extremity are the most commonly injured body regions during vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes. A total of 312 cases were selected from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Pedestrian Crash Data Study (PCDS) database to investigate factors affecting the likelihood of sustaining MAIS 3+, AIS 3+ head, AIS 3+ torso, and AIS 2+ lower extremity injuries during vehicle-to-pedestrian frontal crashes. The inclusion criteria were pedestrians: (a) aged 14 years or older, (b) with a height of 1.5 m and taller, and (c) who were injured in an upright standing position via vehicle frontal collision. The injury odds ratios (ORs) calculated from logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between selected injury predictors and the odds of sustaining pedestrian head, torso, and lower extremity injuries. These predictors included a crash factor (impact speed), pedestrian factors (age, gender, height, and weight), and vehicle factors (front bumper central height, front bumper lead, ground to front/top transition point height (FTTPH), and rear hood opening distance (RHOD)). Results showed that impact speed was a statistically significant predictor for head, torso, and lower extremity injury odds, as expected. Comparison of people 65 years of age and older to young adults aged 14 to 64 showed that age was also a significant predictor for torso (p<0.001, OR=23.8) and lower extremity (p=0.020, OR=2.44) injury odds, but not for head injuries (p=0.661). Vehicles with higher FTTPH and more vertical frontal structures were aggressive to pedestrians, especially regarding injuries to the torso. A very short RHOD would be more likely to lead the pedestrian to impact the windshield and windshield frame, thus increasing the head injury risk.
Role of Insect and Mammal Glutathione Transferases in Chemoperception (2023)

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous key enzymes with different activities as transferases or isomerases. As key detoxifying enzymes, GSTs are expressed in the chemosensory organs. They fulfill an essential protective role because the chemosensory organs are located in the main entry paths of exogenous compounds within the body. In addition to this protective function, they modulate the perception process by metabolizing exogenous molecules, including tastants and odorants. Chemosensory detection involves the interaction of chemosensory molecules with receptors. GST contributes to signal termination by metabolizing these molecules. By reducing the concentration of chemosensory molecules before receptor binding, GST modulates receptor activation and, therefore, the perception of these molecules. The balance of chemoperception by GSTs has been shown in insects as well as in mammals, although their chemosensory systems are not evolutionarily connected. This review will provide knowledge supporting the involvement of GSTs in chemoperception, describing their localization in these systems as well as their enzymatic capacity toward odorants, sapid molecules, and pheromones in insects and mammals. Their different roles in chemosensory organs will be discussed in light of the evolutionary advantage of the coupling of the detoxification system and chemosensory system through GSTs.
A Role for Transforming Growth Factor α as an Inducer of Astrogliosis (1998)

TGFalpha is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family with which it shares the same receptor, the EGF receptor (EGFR). Synthesis of TGFalpha and EGFR in reactive astrocytes developing after CNS insults is associated with the differentiative and mitogenic effects of TGFalpha on cultured astrocytes. This suggests a role for TGFalpha in the development of astrogliosis. We evaluated this hypothesis using transgenic mice bearing the human TGFalpha cDNA under the control of the zinc-inducible metallothionein promoter. Expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin and morphological features of astrocytes were used as indices of astroglial reactivity in adult transgenic versus wild-type mice provided with ZnCl2 in their water for 3 weeks. In the striatum, the hippocampus, and the cervical spinal cord, the three CNS areas monitored, transgenic mice displayed enhanced GFAP mRNA and protein levels and elevated vimentin protein levels. GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes exhibited numerous thick processes and hypertrophied somata, which are characteristic aspects of reactive astrocytes. Their number increased additionally in the striatum and the spinal cord, but no astrocytic proliferation was observed using bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. Neither the morphology nor the number of microglial cells appeared modified. A twofold increase in phosphorylated EGFR was detected in the striatum and was associated with the immunohistochemical detection of numerous GFAP-positive astrocytes bearing the EGFR, suggesting a direct action of TGFalpha on astrocytes. Altogether, these results demonstrate that enhanced TGFalpha synthesis is sufficient to trigger astrogliosis throughout the CNS, whereas microglial metabolism is unaffected.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES PART 174, (1,2)SUBSTITUTED THIAZINES AND BISTHIAZINYLS FROM DITHIOOXAMIDE AND TRICHLOROPHENYL MALONATES (1973)

Abstract Dithiooxamid (I) reagiert mit den Diestern (II) zu den mono‐ (III) und bicyclischen Thiazinen (IV), wobei die Reaktion auch stufenweise von (III) zu (IV) geführt werden kann.
Clinical Significance of Anti-G Alloantibody and Serologic Interpretation Strategies for Patients with an Anti-C+D Pattern: First Report of Anti-G Alloantibody Identification in Korea (2018)

Dear Editor
Rheology (2000)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basic Principles Viscosity of Dispersions and Emulsions Viscosity of Polymer Melts and Solutions Viscometers
What can machine learning do for seismic data processing? An interpolation application (2017)

Machine learning (ML) systems can automatically mine data sets for hidden features or relationships. Recently, ML methods have become increasingly used within many scientific fields. We have evaluated common applications of ML, and then we developed a novel method based on the classic ML method of support vector regression (SVR) for reconstructing seismic data from under-sampled or missing traces. First, the SVR method mines a continuous regression hyperplane from training data that indicates the hidden relationship between input data with missing traces and output completed data, and then it interpolates missing seismic traces for other input data by using the learned hyperplane. The key idea of our new ML method is significantly different from that of many previous interpolation methods. Our method depends on the characteristics of the training data, rather than the assumptions of linear events, sparsity, or low rank. Therefore, it can break out the previous assumptions or constraints and show universality to different data sets. In addition, our method dramatically reduces the manual workload; for example, it allows users to avoid selecting the window size parameters, as is required for methods based on the assumption of linear events. The ML method facilitates intelligent interpolation between data sets with similar geomorphological structures, which can significantly reduce costs in engineering applications. Furthermore, we combine a sparse transform called the data-driven tight frame (so-called compressed learning) with the SVR method to improve the training performance, in which the training is implemented in a sparse coefficient domain rather than in the data domain. Numerical experiments show the competitive performance of our method in comparison with the traditional [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interpolation method.