gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Pressure and Bedding Depth Influence on The Oil Fields Reservoir Properties (On The Example of The Northern Perm Region Oil Fields) (2021)

Summary The efficiency of oil production is influenced by various factors, the main of which are the reservoir properties of oil-bearing formations - porosity and permeability. Porosity determines the storage capacity and permeability determines the filtration ability. Reservoir properties generally depend on the type of reservoir, the particle size of the reservoir rock, the presence of clay particles, etc. However, the formation depth has the greatest influence on the reservoir properties. For all types of rocks, permeability and porosity decrease with the bedding depth increasing. The volume of the pore space and the permeability of rocks also depends on the effective pressure. In this work, on the example of the northern Perm Region oil fields, confined to layers of the same geological age, the influence of the layer’s geological characteristics on their reservoir properties is assessed. When analyzing the reservoir properties of 40 oil layers, equations that describe the influence of the depth and effective pressure on the reservoir properties of oil layers were obtained. Analytical dependences of the influence of porosity on the permeability of rocks are also obtained.
Manipulating Twitter Through Deletions (2022)

Research into influence campaigns on Twitter has mostly relied on identifying malicious activities from tweets obtained via public APIs. These APIs provide access to public tweets that have not been deleted. However, bad actors can delete content strategically to manipulate the system. Unfortunately, estimates based on publicly available Twitter data underestimate the true deletion volume. Here, we provide the first exhaustive, large-scale analysis of anomalous deletion patterns involving more than a billion deletions by over 11 million accounts. We find that a small fraction of accounts delete a large number of tweets daily. We also uncover two abusive behaviors that exploit deletions. First, limits on tweet volume are circumvented, allowing certain accounts to flood the network with over 26 thousand daily tweets. Second, coordinated networks of accounts engage in repetitive likes and unlikes of content that is eventually deleted, which can manipulate ranking algorithms. These kinds of abuse can be exploited to amplify content and inflate popularity, while evading detection. Our study provides platforms and researchers with new methods for identifying social media abuse.
Työkalu maan laadun seurantaan (2012)

Kuuluu hankkeeseen: Maan toiminnallisen viljavuuden edistäminen ja mittaaminen, vastuututkija Ansa Palojärvi, 1.1.2003-31.12.2008
1,4-Dibromonaphthalene-2,3-diylbis(1′-bromo-2′-naphthoate)·CHCl3, a Potential Precursor to Lactone-Bridged Teraryls (1996)

The title compound was prepared from 1,4-dibromo- 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene by two-fold esterification with 1-bromo-2-naphthoic acid. It crystallizes from chloroform in the triclinic system, space group P1̄; a = 1226.6(3), b = 1246.9(3), c = 1218.8(3) pm, α = 107.50°, β = 90.94°, γ = 113.56°. The asymmetric unit is described with a statistically disordered CHCl 3 .
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Energy-Sensing in the Brain (2012)

5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular and organismal energy integrator that responds to numerous stimuli with the overall intention to facilitate energy conservation and enhance energy balance while also affecting cellular survival and behaviors. AMPK has been appreciated for many years to function in peripheral organs that contribute to the generation or disposition of cellular energy, while its role in the brain has been only recently elucidated. While acknowledged to respond to organismal energy balance, we now recognize that energy balance within neurons also affects the brain's response to these peripheral signals. In this review, we discuss AMPK's regulation and its ever-expanding role as a neuronal energy integrator at both the cellular and systems levels.
Zeit- und frequenzbereichsbasierte Bestimmung der Grundfrequenz von Störsignalen zur Anwendung in der aktiven Störunterdrückung mithilfe von synthetisierten Signalen (2020)

Zur Dämpfung stationärer Störsignale leistungselektronischer Systeme werden meist passive Filterschaltungen eingesetzt. Mit der Motivation, das hohe Gewicht, das große Bauvolumen und die damit einhergehenden Kosten dieser passiven Filterschaltungen einsparen zu können, wurden aktive Kompensationsverfahren wie die aktive Filterung [1, 2] entwickelt. Hierbei wird ein Störsignal mit einer Verzögerungszeit behaftet gemessen, rückgeführt und dem Störsignal destruktiv überlagert. Aufgrund der unvermeidbaren Verzögerungszeit durch die Messung und Rückführung der Störung, die die Unterdrückung des Störsignals einschränkt, wurde mit dem Konzept der aktiven Störunterdrückung der Ansatz der synthetischen Erzeugung geeigneter Gegenstörsignale etabliert [3, 4]. Durch geeignete Anpassung des synthetisierten Gegenstörsignals kann im Idealfall eine vollständige Unterdrückung der Störung resultieren. Im Falle eines periodischen Störsignals ist sein zeitlicher Werteverlauf vorhersagbar. Dadurch wird die Synthese eines geeigneten Gegenstörsignals ermöglicht. Dieses Gegenstörsignal muss zu jedem Zeitpunkt exakt auf die Störung abgestimmt sein. Dazu ist die zeitliche Synchronität zwischen Stör- und Gegenstörsignal entscheidend. Bisherige Realisierungskonzepte für getaktete leistungselektronische Systeme erreichen die notwendige dauerhafte Synchronität von Stör- und Gegenstörsignalen durch die Erzeugung der Ansteuerungssignale für die Leistungselektronik und der Gegenstörung durch ein gemeinsam verwendetes digitales System [3, 4]. Durch nur einen gemeinsamen Taktgenerator ist ein fester zeitlicher Bezug zwischen dem Ansteuerungssignal, dem Störsignal und dem Gegenstörsignal gegeben. Hieraus resultieren jedoch erhebliche Einschränkungen. Das Gegenstörsystem muss zusammen mit der Ansteuerung der Leistungselektronik entwickelt werden. Eine Nachrüstlösung mit einem unabhängigen zweiten Taktgeber führt aufgrund von unvermeidbaren Toleranzen zwischen den Taktgebern früher oder später zu Problemen. Das Gegenstörsignal muss in festen zeitlichen Abständen nachsynchronisiert werden. Eine PLL könnte diese Aufgabe übernehmen, hier sind jedoch sehr hohe Echtzeitanforderungen durch die Hardware zu erfüllen. Wünschenswert ist eine offline-Bestimmung des Gegenstörungssignal für eine gesamte Periodendauer, was eine längere Berechnungszeit erfordert. Damit auch nach der Berechnung des Synthesesignals die Synchronität noch sichergestellt werden kann, sind Verfahren notwendig, welche insbesondere die Periodendauer der Störung sehr genau bestimmen können.
Cu2+- and Ag+-complexes with a hyaluronane-based hydrogel (2002)

Copper(II) and silver(I) hyaluronane-based hydrogel complexes were synthesised. The amount of metal ion uptaken by hydrogel was determined by atomic absorption and the hydrogel–metal ion complexes were characterised by water-uptake measurements, SEM-EDAX and FT-IR analysis. The coordination sites were identified for both metal ions and the stability at various pH levels was determined. The cytotoxicity of hydrogel metal ions was evaluated by using fibroblast (3T3) cells. The copper(II) complex was “in vivo” tested and showed proangiogenic activity, stimulating the growth of new vessels without inducing an inflammatory reaction.
Sweep Pulse Excitation Method for Enhancing Photoacoustic Elastic Waves at Different Laser Irradiation Parameters (2022)

Laser remote sensing using a sweep pulse excitation method, in which a laser beam is irradiated at the same repetition frequency as the natural frequency, for enhancing photoacoustic elastic waves through resonance effect has been studied. The sweep pulse excitation method, which is based on the principle of detecting natural frequency fluctuations, such as hammering tests, can detect natural frequencies in the audible sound region with low average laser power and contribute to the convenience and low cost of an installation strength diagnosis of fastening bolts. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the swept excitation method for optimization by evaluating the dependence of the laser irradiation conditions (pulse width, spot size, and average power) on different metal disc samples. We discovered that the magnitude of the photoacoustic elastic wave is proportional to the absorption of laser power, and the spatiotemporal dynamics can be explained through thermal diffusion phenomena. These findings contribute to the development of laser-sensing technology based on photoacoustic elastic waves.
Definition and analysis of hardware- and software-fault-tolerant architectures (1990)

A structured definition of hardware- and software-fault-tolerant architectures is presented. Software-fault-tolerance methods are discussed, resulting in definitions for soft and solid faults. A soft software fault has a negligible likelihood or recurrence and is recoverable, whereas a solid software fault is recurrent under normal operations or cannot be recovered. A set of hardware- and software-fault-tolerant architectures is presented, and three of them are analyzed and evaluated. Architectures tolerating a single fault and architectures tolerating two consecutive faults are discussed separately. A sidebar addresses the cost issues related to software fault tolerance. The approach taken throughout is as general as possible, dealing with specific classes of faults or techniques only when necessary.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A geometrically nonlinear theory of elastic plates (1992)

A set of kinematic and intrinsic equilibrium equations is derived for plates undergoing large deflection and rotation but with small strain. The large rotation is treated by the general finite rotation of a frame in which the material points that are originally along a normal line in the undeformed plate undergo only small displacements. Exact intrinsic virtual strain-displacement relations are derived; using a reduced 2-D strain energy function from which the warping has been systematically eliminated, a set of intrinsic equilibrium equations follows. It is demonstrated that only five equilibrium equations can be derived in this way, because the component of virtual rotation about the normal is not independent. These equations include terms which cannot be obtained without the use of a finite rotation vector which contains three nonzero components. These extra terms correspond to the difference of in-plane shear stress resultants in other theories.
Granulysin, a novel marker for extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (2018)

Granulysin is a cytolytic protein expressed in cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells. Abnormal serum levels of granulysin in lymphomas with NK and cytotoxic phenotype have been shown to correlate with tumour progression. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of granulysin in routine sections of normal and reactive lymphoid tissues as well as in a large series of lymphomas. In normal tissues, granulysin labelled a small population of cells that double immunostaining revealed to belong to the pool of cytotoxic T/NK cells. Among lymphoid neoplasms, the highest expression of granulysin (71%) was found in extranodal NK/T cell lymphomas of nasal type (ENKTL). To note is that 29% of ENKTLs, which were negative for one or more of classical cytotoxic markers strongly expressed granulysin. Furthermore, expression of granulysin was observed in rare cases of T cell lymphomas with a cytotoxic phenotype (i.e. ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (26%), enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (12%) and peripheral T cell lymphoma, NOS (4%)). None of the investigated non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell myeloma were granulysin positive. The results suggest granulysin as a novel marker for a subset of cytotoxic NK cell derived malignancies and its usefulness is highlighted in those ENKTLs that lack expression of other cytotoxic markers but retain granulysin expression.
Context and customer behaviour in recommendation (2009)

The last few years have seen an increased interest in incorporating context within recommender systems. However, little empirical evidence has emerged to support the premise that context can actually improve recommendation accuracy. Indeed little agreement exists as to what represents the context of a user or indeed how such context should be used within a recommendation strategy. In this paper we study the effect of incorporating contextual variables, both observable and derived from past user behavior, on the accuracy of a content based recommender system. The system was evaluated using data from an Italian online retailer. Results suggest a significant improvement in performance when using contextual variables.
Effect of Ethanol on the Rat Gastrointestinal Cholinergic Enzymes (1987)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 180 and 220 g and maintained under controlled lighting and temperature conditions were used in this experiment. Animals were given ethanol (3 g/kg, p.o.) 24 h after fasting. One group was given ethanol at 10.00 h (light phase) and the other at 22.00 h (dark phase). One hour later, the treated animals with their proper controls were sacrificed and the mucosa of the stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon were separated and assayed for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Data obtained indicate that the administration of ethanol resulted in significant decline (p less than 0.01) in ChAT activity in the stomach and the colon during the light phase. A significant increase (p less than 0.01) in ChAT activity was also noted in the ileum during the dark phase. There was a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in AChE activity in the stomach during the dark phase. The administration of ethanol also resulted in a significant decline in AChE activity (p less than 0.05) in the duodenum and the colon (p less than 0.01). The results obtained indicate that the gastrointestinal changes caused by ethanol administration may be related to changes in the cholinergic enzymes of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.
Channel adaptive CQI reporting schemes for HSDPA systems (2006)

HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access) is an evolved UMTS packet scheme that delivers increased user peak data rates and quality of service. A key technique supporting HSDPA is adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), in which the modulation scheme and the coding rate are changed adaptively according to the downlink channel quality reported by the user equipment (UE). Therefore, the channel quality indication (CQI) reporting scheme is directly related to the accuracy of AMC and the performance of HSDPA. This letter proposes channel adaptive CQI reporting schemes in which UEs report the CQI value intelligently by using information about channel quality. With the proposed schemes, the battery capacity of UE can be conserved and the uplink interference can be lowered by filtering off redundant CQI reports or the transmission error rate can be lowered by fast CQI reports
Peripheral administration of CDP‐choline, phosphocholine or choline increases plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations (2008)

1 Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 200-600 mumol/kg of cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) increased plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations dose- and time-dependently. 2 CDP-choline treatment caused several-fold increases in plasma concentrations of CDP-choline and its metabolites phosphocholine, choline, cytidine monophosphate (CMP) and cytidine. 3 Equivalent doses (200-600 mumol/kg; i.p.) of phosphocholine or choline, but not CMP or cytidine, increased plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline dose-dependently. 4 CDP-choline, phosphocholine and choline (600 mumol/kg; i.p.) augmented the increases in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to graded haemorrhage. 5 The increases in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline induced by i.p. 600 mumol/kg of CDP-choline, phosphocholine or choline were abolished by pre-treatment with hexamethonium (15 mg/kg; i.p.), but not atropine (2 mg/kg; i.p.). 6 At 320-32 000 mum concentrations, choline, but not CDP-choline or phosphocholine, evoked catecholamine secretion from perfused adrenal gland. Choline (3200 mum)-induced catecholamine secretion was attenuated by the presence of 1 mum of hexamethonium or mecamylamine, but not atropine, in the perfusion medium. 7 Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of choline (0.5-1.5 mumol) also increased plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline dose- and time-dependently. Pre-treatment with mecamylamine (50 mug; i.c.v.) or hexamethonium (15 mg/kg; i.p.), but not atropine (10 mug; i.c.v.), prevented i.c.v. choline (1.5 mumol)-induced elevations in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. 8 It is concluded that i.p. administration of CDP-choline or its cholinergic metabolites phosphocholine and choline increases plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations by enhancing nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission in the sympatho-adrenal system. Central choline also activates the sympatho-adrenal system by increasing central nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission.
Supplementary Figure 2 from c-Abl Modulates Tumor Cell Sensitivity to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differential cytotoxicity from primary screens and specific lysis and differential cytotoxicity from secondary screens.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of prostacyclin on platelets, polymorphonuclear cells, and heterotypic cell aggregation during hemofiltration* (2003)

These findings suggest that prostacyclin reversibly inhibits platelet function by diminishing the expression of platelet fibrinogen receptors and P-selectin and reduces heterotypic platelet-leukocyte aggregation during clinical hemofiltration. However, prostacyclin fails to inhibit leukocyte activation at clinically relevant doses.
Veno-venous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia: case report with perfusion considerations (2001)

Cancer cells are more susceptible to destruction by heat than are their normal counterparts. However, optimization of this hyperthermic susceptibility for selective cancer cell kill has been difficult to define and technically difficult to achieve. A whole-body hyperthermic technique veno-venous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia (VV-PISH) was designed in in vitro and in swine experiments to achieve selective hyperthermic cancer cell destruction. In this case report, VV-PISH is studied for its safety and therapeutic efficiency in a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved phase-I study, where hyperthermia is used to treat advanced (Stage III B or IV) lung cancer. VV-PISH, utilizing the ThermoChem HT system in an extracorporeal circuit, was used to induce hyperthermia to 42.5 degrees C sustained for 120 min. Cooling returned the body temperature to 37 degrees C. After completion of the treatment, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit on a ventilator, norepinephrine and diuretics. The patient remained somnolent for 36 h, developed pulmonary congestion requiring an additional 48 h before extubation, was transferred to the intermediate unit on day 4 and discharged in good condition on day 8. He did experience hyperthermia-related shrinkage of his lung cancer; however, he succumbed 270 days after this treatment from further progression of this disease. Hyperthermia is not a benign therapy; management techniques have been developed that have ameliorated many of the problems associated with extremely high temperatures, but pathophysiology still exists. Using these techniques, VV-PISH can be safety implemented, albeit not without temporary sequelae and further hospitalization.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF SMALL RING COMPOUNDS PART 27, HETEROCYCLIC CONDENSATION PRODUCTS FROM CYCLOPROPANONE AND METHYLAMINE (1975)

Abstract Die aus Methylamin und Cyclopropanon erhaltene Additionsverbindung (I) bildet bei dreistündigem Erhitzen in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff die sechs‐ und achtgliedrigen heterocyclischen Produkte (II)‐(IV).
Characterization of polymer ultrasound contrast agents. (2011)

Ultrasound contrast agents are encapsulated microbubbles with unique acoustic scattering signatures. Polymer shelled agents have been shown to be advantageous for tissue perfusion studies and also more recently high-frequency ultrasound applications. The thickness and material of the polymer shell can be more finely adjusted for the specific application in the production process. Only recently have independent measurements of the shell material parameters been attempted. We present a series of elastic shell parameter measurements made using two complementary techniques: high-frequency acoustic microscopy and nano-indentation (Hysitron device). The elastic properties of the thin films of the polymer material (Philips agents) were measured using both methods. Also variations of these techniques were applied to the full spherical shells to examine curvature effects. Acoustic microscopy measurements indicate values for acoustic impedance of 1.73 MRayl. Simulations are highlighted. [Work supported by NIH EB006372 and 2G12RR003016121.]
Clinical Effectiveness of Topical Cyclosporine A 0.05% After Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (2013)

Treatment with topical cyclosporine A 0.05% can improve ocular discomfort and increase tear film BUT during the early postoperative period, especially in patients with preoperative dry eye.