gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A controller of brushless DC motor for electric vehicle (2005)

A controller of brushless dc motor (BLDCM) for electric vehicle is developed based on the mathematical model of BLDCM and special working condition. The drive and control circuit is composed of digital signal processing and EXB841. The paper analyzes the hardware structure of system in detail. Proportional-integral-differential control strategy is adopted in the system. An arithmetic variable velocity prelabeled value is presented, in order to solve regulating rotate speed in large range accurately. The paper also analyzes flux-weakening control in high speed and method of energy regenerative braking when the vehicle is decelerating.
Rendering High Surface Area, Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Electronically Conductive (2017)

We report the design and synthesis of a metal-organic framework (MOF)-polythiophene composite that has comparable electronic conductivity to reported conductive 3-D MOFs, but with display and retention of high porosity, including mesoporosity. A robust zirconium MOF, NU-1000, was rendered electronically conductive by first incorporating, via solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI), a carefully designed pentathiophene derivative at a density of one pentamer per hexa-zirconium node. Using a cast film of the intermediate composite (termed pentaSALI) on conductive glass, the incorporated oligothiophene was electrochemically polymerized to yield the conductive composite, Epoly. Depending on the doping level of the polythiophene in the composite, it can be tuned from an insulating state to a semiconduting state with conductivity of 1.3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> (S cm<sup>-1</sup>), which is comparable to values reported for 3-D conductive MOFs. The porosity of the thin-film MOF-polythiophene composite was assessed using decane vapor uptake as determined by quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM). The results indicate a porosity (pore volume) for Epoly essentially identical to that of bulk pentaSALI, and ∼74% of that of unmodified NU-1000. PentaSALI, and by inference Epoly, displays both micro- and mesoporosity, and features a BET surface area of nearly 1,600 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>, i.e., substantially larger than yet reported for any other electronically conductive MOF.
Protective antibody responses against HCV E1E2 in high-risk populations (2019)

Hepatitis C is a global health problem with an estimate of 71 million chronically infected people worldwide in 2015. To reduce the global burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a new generation of treatments were developed. Despite the high efficacy of the therapies, the HCV epidemic continues to expand worldwide. Therefore, a vaccine against HCV is urgently needed. In order to design an effective vaccine, it is necessary to understand immune protection against this virus. It is well established that antibodies play critical roles in the immune response against viruses. However, little is known about the role of antibodies in spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and protection upon re-exposure. Therefore, we studied the antibody response specific for the HCV glycoproteins E1 and E2 in individuals protected against chronic HCV infection. Our main finding is that a high frequency of B cells expressing cross-genotype specific antibodies was associated with spontaneous clearance of one or multiple infections. Interestingly, the cross-genotype specific antibodies were mainly directed against a particular epitope on E2, called AR3, and exhibited cross-neutralizing activity against different HCV genotypes. Moreover, we demonstrated that 25 years after clearance, AR3-specific B cells could be detected indicating that this antibody response can be long-lasting. Finally, we studied antibody responses in plasma of HCV individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although these individuals were HIV co-infected, some individuals could develop a broadly neutralizing antibody response against HCV during acute infection. These observations should form the basis for developing an efficacious HCV vaccine.
Kinetic stabilization of microtubule dynamic instability in vitro by vinblastine (1993)

The antiproliferative action of vinblastine at low concentrations appears to result from modulation of the polymerization dynamics of spindle microtubules rather than from depolarization of the microtubules [Jordan, M. A., Thrower, D., & Wilson, L. (1991) Cancer Res. 51, 2212-2222; (1992) J. Cell. Sci. 102, 401-416]. In the present study, we used differential interference contrast video microscopy to analyze the effects of vinblastine on the growing and shortening dynamics (dynamic instability) of individual bovine brain microtubules in vitro. With microtubules which were either depleted of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or rich in MAPs, low concentrations of vinblastine (0.2 microM-1 microM) suppressed the growing and shortening rates and increased the percentage of time that the microtubules spent a state of attenuated activity, neither growing nor shortening detectably. Vinblastine also suppressed the duration of microtubule growing and shortening, and increased the duration of the attenuated state, during which the microtubules neither grew nor shortened detectably. Consistent with previous data obtained using radiolabeled nucleotide exchange in microtubule suspensions [Jordan, M. A., & Wilson, L. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 2730-2739], vinblastine suppressed growing and shortening dynamics at the kinetically more rapid plus ends. The results suggest that vinblastine kinetically stabilizes microtubule ends by modulating the gain and loss of the stabilizing GTP or GDP-Pi "cap", which is believed to be responsible for the transitions between the growing and shortening phases. The data support the hypothesis that (1) low concentrations of vinblastine inhibit mitosis by kinetically stabilizing the polymerization dynamics of spindle microtubules and that (2) the dynamics of spindle microtubules are critical for the proper progression of mitosis.
Nanobody CDR3 mimetics enhance SOS1-catalyzed nucleotide exchange on RAS (2022)

ABSTRACT RAS proteins control various intracellular signaling networks. Mutations at specific locations were shown to stabilize their active GTP-bound state, which is associated with the development of multiple cancers. An attractive approach to modulate RAS signaling is through its regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) son of sevenless 1 (SOS1). With the recent discovery of Nanobody14, which potently enhances SOS1-catalyzed nucleotide exchange on RAS, we explored the feasibility of developing peptide mimetics by structurally mimicking the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3). Guided by a biochemical GEF assay and X-ray co-crystal structures, successive rounds of optimization and gradual conformational rigidification led to CDR3 mimetics showing half of the maximal activation potential of the native nanobody. Altogether, this study provides the first proof-of-concept that peptides able to functionally modulate a protein-protein interaction can be obtained by structural mimicry of a nanobody paratope.
Optical interferometry based micropipette aspiration provides real-time sub-nanometer spatial resolution (2021)

Micropipette aspiration (MPA) is an essential tool in mechanobiology; however, its potential is far from fully exploited. The traditional MPA technique has limited temporal and spatial resolution and requires extensive post processing to obtain the mechanical fingerprints of samples. Here, we develop a MPA system that measures pressure and displacement in real time with sub-nanometer resolution thanks to an interferometric readout. This highly sensitive MPA system enables studying the nanoscale behavior of soft biomaterials under tension and their frequency-dependent viscoelastic response.
A novel scheduling method for automated guided vehicles in workshop environments (2019)

At present, the commonly used task scheduling methods of automated guided vehicle do not fully consider the influence of power consumption, the workshop environment, and other factors, resulting in the disparity between scheduling methods and practical applications. This article contributes to filling this gap by modifying the model and algorithm that can meet the real-time application in the factory. First, a scheduling model is established according to both the number of depots and the automated guided vehicle’s battery consumption, so that the result of task allocation is more reasonable. Then, according to the area, distribution, shape characteristics of obstacles, and the number of depots contained in the environment, this article derives a new coefficient which is constructed as the weighted value of the distance between workstations to improve the robustness of the model. Finally, the modified genetic algorithm is used to obtain the scheduling results. The simulation results show the effectiveness and the rationality of the proposed method.
Supplementary Fig. S5 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S5 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate
Determining the source of fetal adiponectin. (2007)

These findings preclude the possibility of a placental or maternal origin of cord adiponectin. Thus, the high cord adiponectin levels may be attributed to fetal tissues.
Accessible Voice CAPTCHAs for Internet Telephony (2008)

CAPTCHAs have become a pervasive method for protecting against automated submissions to web forums and registration to web based email services. The CAPTCHAs are usually image-based, but voice CAPTCHAs have also emerged as an alternative. In this short note, we discuss our ongoing eorts on designing accessible voice CAPTCHAs for Internet Telephony. We have implemented a testbed for Skype to assess the usability of the approach, and conducted preliminary usability tests with 10 users.
pH-Dependence of the Fractionation of Boron Isotopes with N-Methyl-D-Glucamine Resin in Aqueous Solution Systems (2000)

Abstract We have found a unique pH dependence of the fractionation of boron isotopes with N-methyl-D-glucamine resin in aqueous solution systems. The fractionation is due to the adsorption of 10B isotopes from the solution phase to the resin phase. For pH values less than 7, the boron-isotope separation factors are 1.027, indicating that 10B isotopes are concentrated in the resin more selectively than 11B isotopes. On the other hand, for the pH values greater than 11, the factors are 0.998, revealing no fractionation of boron isotopes. In the intermediate pH range, the factors are decreased significantly with an increase in pH. This finding confirms that 10B is fractionated as boron complexes with a tetrahedral coordination geometry in resin phase more selectively than as those with a planar trigonal coordination geometry in solution phase, while 11B exhibits the opposite relation. This finding will provide a very important basis for separation of boron isotopes with novel chelating resins in aqueous solution systems.
Altered cleavage of Caspase-1 in hepatocytes limits control of malaria in the liver (2021)

Abstract Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a devastating disease that kills over half a million people each year 1 . Plasmodium sporozoites inoculated by mosquitoes into mammalian hosts undergo a clinically silent phase of obligatory development and replication in hepatocytes before initiating the life-threatening blood-stage of malaria 2 . Thus, understanding the immune responses elicited by Plasmodium infection in the liver is key to controlling clinical malaria and transmission 3,4 . Here, we show that Plasmodium DNA can be detected by AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) sensors in the infected hepatocytes, resulting in Caspase-1 activation and pyroptotic cell-death. However, Caspase-1 was observed to undergo only partial cleavage in hepatocytes, limiting pyroptosis, and the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines classically associated with Caspase-1 activation. We discovered that the extent of Caspase-1 cleavage in cells is determined by the expression of ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD). ASC expression is inherently low in hepatocytes, and transgenically enhancing it in the hepatocytes induced complete processing of Caspase-1, efficient secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced pyroptotic cell-death, and markedly improved control of malaria infection in the liver. In addition to describing a novel pathway of natural immunity to malaria, our findings uncover a key aspect of liver biology that may have been exploited during evolution by successful hepatotropic pathogens.
A Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Noisy Multiobjective Optimization (2012)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for noisy multiobjective optimization with continuous decision variables. A novel feature of the algorithm in the context of SA is that the performance of a candidate solution is determined by estimating the probabilities that the candidate is dominated by the current non‐dominated solutions. The sum of these probabilities provides a scalar performance measure that is used to determine the acceptance of the candidate as the current solution and whether the candidate is inserted into the non‐dominated set. The second novel feature of the algorithm is the technique utilized for generating candidate solutions. Empirical probability distributions for sampling the new values of the decision variables are constructed on the basis of the values of the variables in the current non‐dominated set. Thus, the information contained by the non‐dominated set is utilized to improve the quality of the generated candidates, whereas this information is ignored in the existing multiobjective SA algorithms. The proposed algorithm is compared with a reference state‐of‐the‐art evolutionary algorithm as well as two other SA algorithms in numerical experiments involving 16 problems from commonly applied test suites. The proposed algorithm performs as good or better compared with the reference algorithms in majority of the experiments and therefore represents a promising solution method for noisy multiobjective optimization problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Development of New Iridium Alloy for Spark Plug Electrodes (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;From the view of suppressing the global warming and environmental pollution, responding to the regulation of fuel consumption and exhaust gases along with lengthening the maintenance interval, are becoming more demanded. The development of a high-performance, long life spark plug has become essential in response to these demands. While improve performance (high ignitability and low required voltage), the discharge part of the spark plug needs to be reduced in size. But, in the past this has been difficult because of the limitations of platinum alloys in terms of wear. It has been difficult to achieve both smaller discharge parts and longer life.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To dramatically improve wear resistance, we researched materials that are both resistant to oxidation and have a high melting point. This research resulted in our development of a new iridium alloy.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Through this development we have been able to produce an iridium spark plug that surpasses the conventional platinum technology. The new iridium spark plug is now being used in high volume vehicle production.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper is divided into the following three parts and describes the development of the new generation of iridium spark plugs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Introduction&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The need for smaller electrode diameter and longer life spark plugs and related issues&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Development of Electrode Materials&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;History of the development of the new iridium alloy&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Application in Spark Plugs&lt;/div&gt; &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;High-performance and maintenance free spark plugs&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Super high-performance spark plugs&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Engaging Faculty for Student Success: The First Year Learning Initiative (2014)

State Comprehensive Universities (SCUs) face numerous challenges. In the face of radically reduced support from state legislatures, SCU students and their parents remain extremely sensitive to the costs of higher education and rising tuition rates. For SCU faculty, workloads and expectations balloon, many see the academy shifting from under their feet, and more still believe that they have little say in their institutions’ direction going forward. Amid this thicket of complexity, student success has taken center stage as an important—perhaps the most important—foundation for institutional well-being. For SCUs, there is a growing expectation to retain and graduate ever more students. Increasingly, this expectation is driving institutional budgeting—“performance funding” is now a reality for many SCUs and it will surely be a reality for many more in the future.
Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 Polymorphism Predicts Overall Survival in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (2004)

DNA repair is a critical mechanism of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is the lead enzyme in the nucleotide excision repair process. Increased ERCC1 mRNA levels are related directly to platinum resistance in various cancers. We examined the association between two polymorphisms of ERCC1, codon 118 C/T and C8092A, which are associated with altered ERCC1 mRNA levels and mRNA stability, and overall survival (OS) in 128 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The two polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. There was a statistically significant association between the C8092A polymorphism and OS (P = 0.006, by log-rank test), with median survival times of 22.3 (C/C) and 13.4 (C/A or A/A) months, respectively, suggesting that any copies of the A allele were associated with poor outcome. No statistically significant association was found for the codon 118 polymorphism and OS (P = 0.41, by log-rank test), with median survival times of 19.9 (T/T), 16.1 (C/T), and 13.3 (C/C) months, respectively. In conclusion, the ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism may be a useful predictor of OS in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Functional maturation of mouse thymic lymphocytes (1971)

Abstract The ability of CBA lymphoid cells to react to CB A × C57BL/6 cells was assessed in a one‐way mixed lymphocyte response. Reactive cells in CBA spleen were sensitive to anti‐Θ in vitro and anti‐lymphocyte serum in vivo . Although thymus cells were not reactive, the hydrocortisone‐resistant fraction contained substantial reactivity, similar to that found in the periphery. However, when either hydrocortisone‐resistant or normal thymocytes were adoptively transferred to irradiated syngeneic hosts, no mixed lymphocyte reaction activity appeared for the first 4–5 days in contrast to the immediate appearance of activity in the lymph node‐restored hosts. One interpretation of these findings is that the thymus contains two corticosteroid‐resistant subpopulations, one a non‐reactive precursor that matures in the periphery in transfer experiments, and one a reactive T cell which has already matured in the thymus.
LuxO controls extracellular protease, haemolytic activities and siderophore production in fish pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus (2007)

The current study demonstrated that V. alginolyticus MVP01 produces extracellular protease and haemolytic activity material as well as siderophore, which may be characteristics of the virulence of the strain. Revelations that secretion of these products is under the regulation of LuxO and sigma(54) as well as the potential quorum sensing systems in V. alginolyticus MVP01 will expedite the understanding of vibriosis pathogenesis.
The Application Technique of Signal detecting for Optic Fiber Temperature Sensor (2012)

A temperature sensor based on polarization non–reciprocity(PNR)in fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer(PSI)can measure the temperature of one point in high precision. The phasic subtraction of two light beams was shifted while temperature field around the probe changed. Analyzing the temperature measuring theory of Sagnac fiber optic temperature sensor, a linear output model Was established. The all digital signal detection was based onsquare–wave modulation and demodulation. An all digital signal detecting system using C8051 F060 as its COre Was completed. The experimental data achieved by temperature experiments agree with theory well. The input and output of system achieve a linearity of 10°C. Discussion shows that this kind of temperature sensor can reach high precision.
Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Silver Nanowires by a Templateless and Seedless Method (2004)

Abstract Silver nanowires in large quantities can be obtained through a simple method in the absence of a surfactant or polymer and without addition of external seeding nanocrystallites. A plausible mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation mechanism of silver nanowires based on TEM studies.
Ionizing radiation potentiates the induction of nitric oxide synthase by IFN-γ and/or LPS in murine macrophage cell lines: role of TNF-α (1998)

Macrophages are activated to become cytotoxic by a highly coordinated set of cytokine signals. Ionizing radiation can mimic cytokine signals and lead to enhanced states of activation. We tested the ability of gamma-radiation, alone and with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to induce nitric oxide (NO) production in J774.1 and RAW264.7 murine macrophages. NO was induced weakly, moderately, or strongly by IFN-gamma alone, LPS alone, or IFN-gamma + LPS, respectively. Radiation alone (0.5-50 Gy) did not induce NO, but enhanced NO production in a dose-dependent manner (0.5-5 Gy) when cells were exposed to IFN-gamma or LPS 24 h post-irradiation. Immunoblots showed parallel induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Application of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibody before irradiation blocked induction of NO by IFN-gamma. We conclude (1) that irradiated cells produce more NO in response to either IFN-gamma or LPS and (2) that the increase is mediated by induction of TNF-alpha.
Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine Nanofibers (2009)

The key mechanism of the bioactive membranes is the cell-nanofiber stimulatory interaction. Engineering of bioactive materials may represent the clinical solution for a number of complex tissue defects.