gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial community development in deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Earth, and the Enceladus (2013)

Over the past 35 years, researchers have explored seafloor deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments around the globe and studied a number of microbial ecosystems. Bioinformatics and interdisciplinary geochemistry-microbiology approaches have provided new ideas on the diversity and community composition of microbial life living in deep-sea vents. In particular, recent investigations have revealed that the community structure and productivity of chemolithotrophic microbial communities in the deep-sea hydrothermal environments are controlled primarily by variations in the geochemical composition of hydrothermal fluids (Takai and Nakamura, 2010; 2011). This was originally predicted by a thermodynamic calculation of energy yield potential of various chemolithotrophic metabolisms in a simulated hydrothermal mixing zone (McCollom and Shock, 1997). The prediction has been finally justified by the relatively quantitative geomicrobiological characterizations in various deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments all over the world (Takai and Nakamura, 2010; 2011).
Training Deep Photonic Convolutional Neural Networks With Sinusoidal Activations (2019)

Deep learning (DL) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many challenging problems. However, DL requires powerful hardware for both training and deployment, increasing the cost and energy requirements and rendering large-scale applications especially difficult. Recognizing these difficulties, several neuromorphic hardware solutions have been proposed, including photonic hardware that can process information close to the speed of light and can benefit from the enormous bandwidth available on photonic systems. However, the effect of using these photonic-based neuromorphic architectures, which impose additional constraints that are not usually considered when training DL models, is not yet fully understood and studied. The main contribution of this paper is an extensive study on the feasibility of training deep neural networks that can be deployed on photonic hardware that employ sinusoidal activation elements, along with the development of methods that allow for successfully training these networks, while taking into account the physical limitations of the employed hardware. Different DL architectures and four datasets of varying complexity were used for extensively evaluating the proposed method.
Concept Maps for Designing Adaptive Knowledge Maps (2006)

Concept Maps (CMaps) are an excellent method to visually represent and interact with a knowledge domain. A Knowledge Map (KMap) is a further complicated instance of a CMap, containing many instances of concepts and concept relations that add to the complexity of a visual representation. Adaptivity is also a key requirement for KMaps that we will demonstrate through practical example. This paper presents both a method, called ‘Domain-View-Controller’ (DVC) and a software environment specifically designed to create adaptive KMaps from CMaps. These tools give professional knowledge designers the means for specifying the domain knowledge of end users, allowing them to build well-organized adaptive KMaps with partial automated assistance. This paper also presents a scheme for the fully automated process of creating KMaps from domain specifications, giving end users the ability to display complex knowledge without having the expertise of knowledge engineers. The paper focuses on a real-world example from the domain of music to illustrate the underlying principles.
Development of Multiplex RT-PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Garlic Viruses and the Incidence of Garlic Viral Disease in Garlic Genetic Resources (2015)

Garlic generally becomes coinfected with several types of viruses belonging to the Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirus genera. These viruses produce characteristically similar symptoms, they cannot be easily identified by electron microscopy (EM) or immunological detection methods, and they are currently widespread around the world, thereby affecting crop yields and crop quality adversely. For the early and reliable detection of garlic viruses, virus-specific sets of primers, including species-specific and genus-specific primers were designed. To effectively detect the twelve different types of garlic viruses, primer mixtures were tested and divided into two independent sets for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The multiplex PCR assays were able to detect specific targets up to the similar dilution series with monoplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Seventy-two field samples collected by the Gyeongbuk Agricultural Technology Administration were analyzed by multiplex RT-PCR. All seventy two samples were infected with at least one virus, and the coinfection rate was 78%. We conclude that the simultaneous detection system developed in this study can effectively detect and differentiate mixed viral infections in garlic.
Lipid oxidation in herring (Clupea harengus) light muscle, dark muscle, and skin, stored separately or as intact fillets (1998)

Abstract Light muscle, dark muscle, and skin from herring ( Clupea harengus ) were stored separately or as intact fillets at −18°C. After 0, 2, 8, 12, and 18 wk, all tissues were analyzed for conjugated dienes (A 234 ) and lipid hydroperoxides. In tissues stored separately, total absorbance at 268 nm (A 268 ) and lipid‐soluble fluorescent oxidation products (FP) were also monitored. Further, prior to storage these tissues were subjected to measurement of total lipids, lipid classes, fatty acid pattern, α‐tocopherol, iron, copper, selenium, and total aqueous pro‐oxidative activity. When light muscle, dark muscle, and skin were stored as intact fillets, the following ranking order was seen for A 234 and levels of lipid hydroperoxides at the end of the storage period: skin &gt; dark muscle &gt; light muscle. The corresponding ranking order for tissues stored separately was: dark muscle &gt; skin &gt; light muscle, whereas for A 268 and FP the orders were: dark muscle &gt; light muscle &gt; skin and light muscle &gt; dark muscle &gt; skin, respectively. The compositional data obtained indicate the highest level of pro‐oxidants in dark muscle and the highest level of polar lipids in light muscle. These observations reveal that pro‐oxidants, to a greater extent than lipid composition, influence the increase in A 234 , hydroperoxides, and A 268 , whereas the reverse seems to be true for the increase in FP. The results also point to the strong influence from oxygen contact and tissue interactions on the progress of lipid oxidation in herring during storage.
Les produits industriels laitiers (2000)

Cet ouvrage décrit les bases fondamentales des technologies mises en œuvre dans la transformation du lait en divers produits industriels, à l'exception des fromages : laits de consommation, produits fermentés et desserts lactés ; produits déshydratés, beurre, caséines et caséinates, protéines laitières, lactose, glaces et crèmes glacées. En s'appuyant sur les acquis récents de la science laitière, Les produits industriels laitiers permet de mieux appréhender les mécanismes physicochimiques et biologiques impliqués dans les transformations successives du lait. Il autorise ainsi une plus gronde maîtrise de la qualité des produits élaborés. Cet ouvrage synthétique s'adresse aux techniciens de l'industrie laitière ainsi qu'aux étudiants des filières agroalimentaires (BTS industries agroalimentaires, IUT génie biologique, option industries alimentaires et biologiques, écoles d'ingénieurs en agroalimentaire...).
GPS Multi-Frequency Carrier Phase Characterization During Strong Equatorial Ionospheric Scintillation (2015)

It is well known that deep amplitude fading and large carrier phase fluctuation characterize strong ionospheric scintillation over equatorial regions, which pose a major challenge for the GNSS signal carrier tracking loop. In this paper, real GPS multi-frequency scintillation data collected at two equatorial locations, Ascension Island and Brazil, are processed to investigate fast phase variations concurrent with deep amplitude fading on GPS L1 and L5 signals. A semi-open loop tracking method utilizing known stationary receiver coordinates is applied to improve the carrier phase estimation during deep fades. The results reveal numerous half and full cycle carrier phase changes occurring within 100 ms concurrently with deep fades on both frequencies. From studies of over 1000 fades which occurred during 220 minutes of strong scintillation, phase change duration distributions and associated deep fading characteristics are obtained. The results will aid the development of robust GNSS signal carrier tracking algorithms during scintillation and studies of ionosphere irregularities development.
Scheduling in Grid: Rescheduling MPI applications using a fault-tolerant MPI implementation (2007)

Due to advancement in grid technologies, resources spread across the globe can be accessed using standard general-purpose protocols. Simulations and scientific experiments were earlier restricted due to limited availability of the resources. These are now carried out vigorously in the grid. Grid environments are dynamic in nature. The resources in a grid are heterogeneous in nature and are not under a central control. So scheduling in grid is complex. The initial schedule obtained for an application may not be good as it involves the selection of resources at a future time. The resource characteristics like CPU availability, memory availability, network bandwidth etc keep changing. Rescheduling becomes necessary under these conditions. The research experiment uses the fault-tolerant functionalities of MPICH-V2 to migrate MPI processes. Load-balancing modules, which make a decision of when and where to migrate a process are added into the MPICH-V2 system. Simulations are done to show that process migration is viable rescheduling technique for computationally intensive applications. The research experiment also gives brief descriptions of some existing fault-tolerant MPI implementations.
Activation of H2 by halocarbonyl bis-phosphine and bis-arsine iridium(i) complexes. The use of parahydrogen induced polarisation to detect species present at low concentration and investigate their reactivityBased on the presentation given at Dalton Discussion No. 4, 10–13th January 2002, Kloster Banz, Germany. (2002)

The iridium phosphine complexes Ir(CO)Cl(L)2 [L = PPh3, PMe3, AsPh3 and PPh2Cl, and L2 = (PPh2Cl)(PPh3)] add H2 to form the corresponding dihydrides IrH2(CO)Cl(L)2. These products are detected at enhanced levels of sensitivity through the 1H NMR signatures of their hydride resonances via para-hydrogen (p-H2) based spin state synthesis. Products corresponding to addition across both the Cl–Ir–CO and L–Ir–L axes are detected. For L = PPh3, there is a 100 fold preference for the former pathway at 295 K, while for L = AsPh3 the second product is favoured by a factor of 2.85. At elevated temperatures a third product corresponding to addition over the Cl–Ir–L axis is detected for L = AsPh3 and PPh2Cl. Under these conditions, the CO and HCl transfer products Ir(H)3(CO)2(AsPh3), and IrH(CO)Cl2(AsPh3)2 are also formed in a thermal reaction. When IrH2(CO)Cl(L)2 is warmed or photolysed with H2 and CO, the corresponding products are produced for L = PPh3 and PMe3. However after photolysis with H2 alone Ir(H)3(CO)(L)2 is the favoured product. Additional products detected during the photochemical studies include Ir(H)2(PPh3)(PPh2C5H4CO), an unusual orthometallation product containing an η2-acyl ligand, and the binuclear products H(Cl)Ir(PMe3)2(μ-H)(μ-Cl)Ir(PMe3)(CO) and (H)2Ir(PMe3)2(μ-Cl)2Ir(PMe3)(CO).
SARS patients-derived human recombinant antibodies to S and M proteins efficiently neutralize SARS-coronavirus infectivity. (2005)

The SARS-CoV spike protein and membrane proteins are able to elicite efficient neutralizing antibodies in SARS patients. The neutralizing antibodies we generated in this study may be more promising candidates for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS infection.
Pediatric Emergency Care in Europe A Descriptive Survey of 53 Tertiary Medical Centers (2008)

Objective: To examine determinants of quality of care provided by pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) in tertiary European centers. Methods: Analysis of questionnaires was sent to directors of PEDs. Questionnaires were sent through the pediatric research group of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. Three major descriptive categories were included in a 28-point questionnaire: institution’s pediatric inpatient capabilities, scope of services, and medical staff education and structure. Results: Sixty-five questionnaires were completed in full. Fifty-three tertiary medical centers from 14 countries were included in the study. In 86.8 % of these institutions, the PED is separated from the adult emergency department; 91 % have a pediatric intensive care unit, and 72 % have an in-patient pediatric trauma service. Eighty-eight percent of the PEDs have incorporated triage protocols. Social
The nitridation of high purity, laser-synthesized silicon powder to form reaction bonded silicon nitride (2017)

The nitriding kinetics of high purity 0.2 {mu}m Si powders made from laser heated SiH{sub 4} gas were studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared to conventional reaction bonded Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} (RBSN), nitridation occurred more rapidly and at lower temperatures (e.g. > 97% conversion in less than ten minutes at 1250{degrees}C). Samples exhibited unusual reverse reaction gradients with more nitridation occurring inside of pellets than at the outer surfaces. Exposure to methanol retarded nitridation.
Nanostructuring a Gold Microelectrode through Electrochemical Alloying-Dealloying for Nitrite Detection (2012)

Nanostructuring a polycrystalline Au-disk microelectrode for highly increased catalytic activity and surface area has been successfully achieved through electrochemical alloying-dealloying in nonaqueous electrolyte of ZnCl2 in benzyl alcohol at 120°C. Scanning-electron-microscope measurements show that the nanostructured gold microelectrode has honeycomb-like nanostructures characteristic of around 50 to 200 nm diameter pores and approximately 100 nm thickness walls. Voltammetric studies exhibit that the nanostructured microelectrode possesses a wide linear range of 2.0×10−6 to 0.1 mol dm−3 and a high sensitivity of 800 mA dm3 mol−1 cm−2 for the nitrite detection.
In a clean high-Tcsuperconductor you do not see the gap (1990)

The frequency-dependent conductivity of laser-deposited ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ thin films shows an onset of midinfrared absorption at \ensuremath{\sim}140 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and structure in the 400--500-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ region. These low-energy absorptions occur both above and below ${T}_{c}$, making them unlikely to be the superconducting gap in the usual BCS sense. The absorption across the gap is weak because the high-${T}_{c}$ materials are in the clean limit; this weak absorption is masked by the midinfrared absorption.
Multimedia enhanced general-purpose processors (2002)

This paper proposes a multimedia enhanced general purpose processor (GPP) architecture. An M/sup +/GPP enhanced architecture embodies a (regular) GPP architecture and a multimedia extension. The multimedia extension consists of a number of new multimedia dedicated instructions and (possibly new) hardware units to support their execution. Additionally, reconfigurable hardware units (RHUs) to support the execution of the new multimedia dedicated instructions are discussed. Finally, some implications of applying the M/sup +/GPP concept to the superscalar and VLIW GPP architectures are presented.
[Biomaterials essential to regenerative medicine]. (2003)

Biomaterial is one of the most important factors to be developed in regenerative medicine. In this paper, the biomaterials essential to regenerative medicine were described. Biomaterials in regenerative medicine are classified into 5 categories; 1) Biomaterials for cell culture, 2) Biomaterials for cell inducement, 3) Biomaterials for scaffold, 4) Biomaterials for immuno-isolation, 5) Biomaterials assist to regenerative medicine. As for 1), temperature responsible gel that can take out the cultured cell sheet without use protein breakdown enzyme, is mainly introduced. Micro-photolithography to make a micro patterning for cell inducement, kinds of materials for scaffold, isolated membrane and micro capsules, carrier for cell growth factors are mentioned in 2) to 5).
A look at the impedance of a cell (2003)

The author suggests that more understanding of the characteristics of a cell's impedance may lead to improved accuracy or suggest measurement techniques best suited for evaluating capacity by impedance measurements. He describes some measurements made in an effort to achieve this objective. The cell chosen for this work was a Globe model TCG-1680, a flooded lead-calcium cell sized at 1680 A hours at the 8 h rate. Comparisons between lumped constant networks and cell impedances are discussed as well as linearity and surface charge effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adaptive Interpolation Algorithm for Real-time Image Resizing (2006)

In this paper, an adaptive interpolation algorithm is presented based on the Newton Polynomial to improve the limitation of the traditional algorithm for image resizing. The second-order difference of adjacent pixels gray values shows the relativity among the pixels. Accordingly, the adaptive function for image interpolation is deduced according to both this relativity and the classical Newton polynomial. Then the efficiency of our method is compared with that of the traditional algorithm for image resizing in Matlab. Furthermore, the implementation circuit architecture is devised by three stage paralleling pipelines for the adaptive image resizing algorithm and is verified in FPGA (field programmable gate array). The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm excels the bicubic interpolation in visual effect, and has a lower complexity. Therefore, the algorithm adapts to real-time image resizing.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of the Cryptands. A Short Review (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Erratum to “Doubling Down on the PI3K-AKTmTOR Pathway Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of PARP Inhibitor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Model beyond BRCA-ness” [Neoplasia 16 (2014) 43–72] (2014)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1593/neo.131694.].
The contribution of prosody to spoken word recognition (1999)

The experiment reported here employed a word-onset gating technique to investigate the role of prosody in word recognition. Subjects were asked to identify words based on word onsets alone, word onsets followed by information about the word duration, or word onsets followed by information about full word prosody (i.e., both duration and stress). Results showed that words were correctly recognized with significantly less segmental onset information when word prosody was available to the subjects. Consistent with this finding, prerecognition error responses reflected correct length and prosody with less onset phonology when prosody information was provided in the stimulus than when only length information was provided. The findings of this experiment confirm the importance of word prosody for spoken word recognition.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM-BASED TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR COUNTY TRANSPORTATION AGENCY (1992)

A prototype geographic information system for transportation (GIS-T) that was developed for a suburban county transportation agency in metropolitan Atlanta is described. The main objective in developing the prototype was to design a system to help the county agency to better manage its transportation program. An organizational assessment was conducted to determine the different types of GIS-T applications that would most benefit the agency. These applications were ranked on the basis of greatest need, and five application modules were chosen for inclusion in the prototype to address these needs. The modules were: (a) an integrated accident record system, (b) traffic engineering, (c) pavement management, (d) transportation planning and land use, and (e) transit. The key finding of this project is that GIS-T provides a strong management decision support capability for officials in this agency. In particular, the prototype provides more than just a data management capability. It also provides a means by which various types of analysis can be performed more efficiently than they were in the past.
Electron Microscopy of Colloidal Systems (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron Microscopy of Colloidal SystemsJohn Turkevich and James HillierCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 4, 475–485Publication Date (Print):April 18, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60028a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60028a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views769Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiradical Activity of Paulownia tomentosa (Scrophulariaceae) Extracts (2007)

Paulownia tomentosa is a large indecidous tree planted mostly for its fast growing wood and decorative purposes. The tree is also used in traditional Chinese medicine. As a part of our study of natural polyphenols, the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa were extracted by EtOH and than subjected to liquid/liquid extraction. Fractions were analysed by TLC and HPLC to determine presence of phenolic substances. We identified and quantified acteoside (1) and isoacteoside (2) in the EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts; mimulone (3) and diplacone (4) in the MeOH extract. To determine the antiradical activity of extracts we used the anti DPPH and peroxynitrite assays. The activity was expressed as Trolox C equivalents, IC50 for DPPH scavenging and a time dependency course was established. The polyphenols content was determined; results were expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Using these methods we found the fractions of the n-BuOH, EtOAc and MeOH extracts that display antiradical activity, which could be exploited as potential pharmaceuticals.