gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereo‐ and Regioselective Addition of Thioamide Dianions to Imines and Aziridines: Synthesis of N‐Thioacyl‐1,2‐diamines and N‐Thioacyl‐1,3‐diamines (2012)

Addition reactions of thioamide dianions that were derived from N-arylmethyl thioamides to imines and aziridines were carried out. The reactions of imines gave the addition products of N-thioacyl-1,2-diamines in a highly diastereoselective manner in good-to-excellent yields. The diastereomeric purity of these N-thioacyl-1,2-diamines could be enriched by simple recrystallization. The reduction of N-thioacyl-1,2-diamines with LiAlH(4) gave their corresponding 1,2-diamines in moderate-to-good yields with retention of their stereochemistry. The oxidative-desulfurization/cyclization of an N-thioacyl-1,2-diamine in CuCl(2)/O(2) and I(2)/pyridine systems gave the cyclized product in moderate yield and the trans isomer was obtained as the sole product. On the other hand, a similar cyclization reaction with antiformin (aq. NaClO) as an oxidant gave the cis isomer as the major product. The reactions of N-tosylaziridines gave the addition products of N-thioacyl-1,3-diamines with low diastereoselectivity but high regioselectivity and in good-to-excellent yields. The use of AlMe(3) as an additive improved the efficiency and regioselectivity of the reaction. The stereochemistry of the obtained products was determined by X-ray diffraction.
Deficiency of UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine β-1,4-galactosyltransferase I causes the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IId (2002)

Deficiency of the Golgi enzyme UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosamine β-1,4-galactosyltransferase I (β4GalT I) (E.C.2.4.1.38) causes a new congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), designated type IId (CDG-IId), a severe neurologic disease characterized by a hydrocephalus, myopathy, and blood-clotting defects. Analysis of oligosaccharides from serum transferrin by HPLC, mass spectrometry, and lectin binding revealed the loss of sialic acid and galactose residues. In skin fibroblasts and leukocytes, galactosyltransferase activity was reduced to 5% that of controls. In fibroblasts, a truncated polypeptide was detected that was about 12 kDa smaller in size than wild-type β4GalT I and that failed to localize to the Golgi apparatus. Sequencing of the β4GalT I cDNA and gene revealed an insertion of a single nucleotide (1031-1032insC) leading to premature translation stop and loss of the C-terminal 50 amino acids of the enzyme. The patient was homozygous and his parents heterozygous for this mutation. Expression of a corresponding mutant cDNA in COS-7 cells led to the synthesis of a truncated, inactive polypeptide, which localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Influence of Rotator Cuff Integrity on Loading and Kinematics Before and\n After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (2020)

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) has become a very common procedure for\nshoulder joint replacement, even for scenarios where an anatomical\nreconstruction would traditionally be used. In this study, we investigate joint\nreaction forces and scapular kinematics for rotator cuff tears of different\ntendons with and without a reverse prosthesis. Available motion capture data\nduring anterior flexion was input to a finite-element musculoskeletal shoulder\nmodel, and muscle activations were computed using inverse dynamics. The model\nwas validated with respect to in-vivo glenohumeral joint reaction force (JRF)\nmeasurements, and also compared to existing clinical and biomechanical data.\nSimulations were carried out for the intact joint as well as for various\ntendons involved in a rotator cuff tear: superior (supraspinatus),\nsuperior-anterior (supraspinatus and subscapularis), and superior-posterior\n(supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor). Each rotator cuff tear\ncondition was repeated after shifting the humerus and the glenohumeral joint\ncenter of rotation to simulate the effect of a reverse prosthesis. Changes in\ncompressive, shear, and total JRF were analysed, along with scapular upward\nrotation. The model compared favourably to in-vivo measurements, and existing\nclinical and biomechanical knowledge. Simulated JRF lie in the ranges of\nin-vivo JRF measurements and shows a linear increase past 90 degree flexion.\nImplanting a reverse prosthesis with a functional rotator cuff or with an\nisolated supraspinatus tear led to over 2 times higher compressive force\ncomponent than with massive rotator cuff tears (superior-anterior or\nsuperior-posterior). Such higher compression forces might increase the risk of\nwear and implant fracture.\n
Chemotherapy-induced tumor necrosis as a prognostic factor in localized Ewing's sarcoma of the extremities. (1997)

The proposed histopathologic grading, to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor, had the strongest correlation to clinical outcome. This method could therefore be used to identify patients with a high risk of recurrent disease. These patients could be randomized to receive alternative postoperative treatments to investigate whether more aggressive therapies will improve outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Modification of the Polysaccharide Alginate (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Current-Transient Methodology for Trap Analysis for GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2010)

Trapping is one of the most deleterious effects that limit performance and reliability in GaN HEMTs. In this paper, we present a methodology to study trapping characteristics in GaN HEMTs that is based on current-transient measurements. Its uniqueness is that it is amenable to integration with electrical stress experiments in long-term reliability studies. We present the details of the measurement and analysis procedures. With this method, we have investigated the trapping and detrapping dynamics of GaN HEMTs. In particular, we examined layer location, energy level, and trapping/detrapping time constants of dominant traps. We have identified several traps inside the AlGaN barrier layer or at the surface close to the gate edge and in the GaN buffer.
Dementia (2000)

Recent advances in various research areas, particularly in genetics and transgenic gene targeting, have had a substantial impact on our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. A short review of the clinical and neuropathological characteristics of various diseases leading to dementia is given, followed by a comprehensive discussion of some animal models that have been developed on the basis of some aspects of cognitive impairments and neuropathological findings in patients suffering from dementia.
Les monnaies et les rouelles du sanctuaire de la Villeneuve-au-Châtelot (Aube) (2e s. av. J.-C.-5e s. ap. J.-C.) (2008)

14 pl.
Gonadotrope- and thyrotrope-specific expression of the human and bovine glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit genes is regulated by distinct cis-acting elements. (1992)

The proximal 5'-flanking region of the alpha-subunit gene from humans and cattle confers pituitary-specific expression to heterologous reporter genes in transgenic mice. To investigate whether these promoter regions also contain the necessary regulatory elements for cell-specific expression and hormonal regulation, we used three independent lines of transgenic mice. Two lines of transgenic mice contained chimeric genes consisting of either 1.6 kilobasepairs (kbp) of human or 3 15 basepairs of bovine alpha-subunit proximal 5'-flanking sequence linked to the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). A third line of transgenic mice contained the proximal 1.6 kbp of 5'-flanking sequence of the human alpha-subunit gene linked to the bacterial lacZ gene encoding beta-galactosidase (beta gal; H alpha beta gal transgenic mice). Hormonal replacement paradigms indicate that both human and bovine alpha CAT transgenes are regulated by GnRH, suggesting that their expression occurs in gonadotropes. Thus, the proximal 5'-flanking regions of both the human and bovine alpha-subunit genes must contain regulatory elements that confer both gonadotrope-specific expression and responsiveness to GnRH. In contrast to the human alpha-subunit promoter, the bovine alpha-subunit promoter lacks a functional cAMP response element, suggesting that transduction of both cell-specific and GnRH transcriptional signals occurs through cAMP response element-independent pathways. Thyrotropes also express the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene. Yet, hormone replacement paradigms with propylthiouracil and T3 were ineffective in altering CAT activity in the pituitary of human or bovine alpha CAT transgenic mice. Because a thyroid hormone response element has been localized to the proximal 5'-flanking region of the human alpha-subunit gene, these data suggest that the alpha CAT transgenes lack sufficient information to direct expression to thyrotropes. Direct evidence for this possibility was obtained through immunocytochemical studies performed on pituitaries from H alpha beta gal transgenic mice. beta-Galactosidase activity appeared in gonadotropes, but not thyrotropes. We conclude, therefore, that distinct and separable regulatory elements mediate the expression of the alpha-subunit gene in gonadotropes and thyrotropes.
Idiotypes and Idiotypic Networks (1987)

THE central feature of the immune system is its diversity. We can appreciate that from the numerous variations in immunoglobulin molecules: a mouse weighing only an ounce has the capacity to make 100 million different antibodies.1 The advantage of such flexibility in a world of hostile microbes is self-evident. But not so obvious is the effect of antibody diversity on the immune system itself. Is the immune system a Janus, with one face scrutinizing antigens of the external environment and another monitoring its own variations? Does the very large number of antibody structures actually represent a private, internal code of . . .
Hadron production in Pb-Pb collisions at 158A GeV (1999)

A Fermi statistical model analysis of hadron abundances and spectra obtained in several relativistic heavy ion collision experiments is utilized to characterize a particle source. Properties consistent with a disintegrating, hadron evaporating, deconfined quark-gluon plasma phase fireball are obtained, with a baryochemical potential μ_B=200-210MeV, and a temperature T_f\simeq 140-150MeV, significantly below previous expectations.
A Texture Mapping Approach to 3‐D Facial Image Synthesis (1988)

Abstract A method of synthesising and animating a realistic image of a person's face by means of computer graphics is described. The key feature contributing to realism in image synthesis lies in the use of texture mapping in the rendering of surface detail on the face. Full facial animation is made possible by manipulating a 3‐D model of the face in conjunction with a relatively small data set of pre‐stored sub‐images.
Functional significance of transgelin‐2 in uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (2016)

TAGLN2 plays functional roles in the progression of cervical SCC. Suppression of TAGLN2 may be a new strategy for the treatment of cervical SCC.
Resorthiomycin, a novel antitumor antibiotic. III. Potentiation of antitumor drugs and its mechanism of action. (1990)

Resorthiomycin suppressed the clonogenic activity of a multidrug-resistant mutant cell line of Chinese hamster V79 cells more potently than its parental cells. Moreover, resorthiomycin at 40 micrograms/ml potentiated the cytotoxic activity of vincristine and actinomycin D on V79 cells over 3-fold. Uptake of [3H]actinomycin D into V79 cells was stimulated 2-fold by 40 micrograms/ml of resorthiomycin during 2 hours incubation. On the other hand, incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine into mouse leukemia L5178Y cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner at resorthiomycin concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 micrograms/ml. In ATP-depleted L5178Y cells, membrane transport of [3H]thymidine and 2-[3H]deoxyglucose was strongly suppressed by resorthiomycin. These results suggest that resorthiomycin acts on the plasma membrane and perturbes some membrane function.
Comparison of the Aerodynamics of Acoustically Designed Exit Guide Vanes and a State-of-the-Art Exit Guide Vane (2014)

Within previous EU projects, possible modifications to the engine architecture have been investigated, which would allow for an optimized aerodynamic or acoustic design of the exit guide vanes (EGVs) of the turbine exit casing (TEC). However, the engine weight should not be increased and the aerodynamic performance must be at least the same. This paper compares a state-of-the art TEC (reference TEC) with typical EGVs with an acoustically optimized TEC configuration for the engine operating point approach. It is shown that a reduction in sound power level for the fundamental tone (one blade passing frequency (BPF)) for this acoustically important operating point can be achieved. It is also shown that the weight of the acoustically optimized EGVs (only bladings considered) is almost equal to the reference TEC, but a reduction in engine length can be achieved. Measurements were conducted in the subsonic test turbine facility (STTF) at the Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics, Graz University of Technology. The inlet guide vanes (IGVs), the low pressure turbine (LPT) stage, and the EGVs have been designed by MTU Aero Engines.
Toxic neuropathies (1995)

Current publications describe neurotoxic effects of metals, pharmaceutical products, and environmental, biological and experimental substances. Agents such as lead remain the object of new epidemiological methods to identify victims. The use of methylcobalamin to ameliorate acrylamide toxicity is being explored. Antiarrhythmic and antilipidemic drugs continue to be associated with neuropathic effects but appear to be amenable to adjustments in dosage. To help control the neurotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs taxol and cisplatin analogs of adrenocorticotropic hormone and neurotrophic factors are being used. A new immunosuppressant, FK 506, has replaced cyclosporin to facilitate organ transplantation, but unwanted effects, including peripheral neuropathy, have been documented in some patients. In experimental studies, FK 506 has been reported to accelerate the rate of nerve regeneration. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of localized spastic disorders is a useful therapy, but training and supervision has been recommended by the American Academy of Neurology. Experimental toxins, such as imminodipropionitrile, continue to provide useful insights into physiologic mechanisms, including the axonal transport of cytoskeletal components.
Designing a Battery Exchange Building for Automated Guided Vehicles (2016)

Automated container terminals are now operating in the United States and the western hemisphere. The middle harbor terminal at the Port of Long Beach, California, is a fully automated terminal beginning operations on the United States West Coast. Its automated stacking cranes (ASCs) are serviced by automated guided vehicles (AGVs). These electric AGVs operate on large, removable batteries. The Battery Exchange Building (BXB) is an integrated facility housing an automated battery charging and replacement system. When the charge of the AGV battery falls below its servicing level, it must switch out its spent battery with a fully charged unit. The building required to house the battery exchange system (BES) must meet exacting structural, electrical, and environmental tolerances to operate properly. There were various design challenges encountered by the design team of this first BXB in the western hemisphere. This paper will discuss the BES and its exacting design requirements. There will be a discussion of the creative solutions that were developed to meet all of the system’s technical requirements.
Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei proBio-65 Extract Ameliorates the Severity of Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in a Mouse Model (2018)

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract (SEL001) isolated from a potent probiotic strain <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> proBio-65 on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in a mouse model. Histopathological and histomorphometrical changes in the ear and dorsal skin tissues were observed under hematoxylin and eosin stain for general histopathological architectures or Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fibers. The expression profile of psoriasis-associated specific genes was determined using Real-Time PCR analysis. As a result, topical application of IMQ resulted in a significant increase of mean total and epithelial (epidermis) thicknesses, the number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the dermis, and the decrease of dermis collagen fiber occupied regions in the ear tissues of IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups when compared to the intact control group. A significant increase of epithelial thickness and number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the dermis of dorsal skin tissues were also noticed in IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups as compared to the intact control group, suggesting classic IMQ-induced hypersensitive psoriasis. IMQ-induced hypersensitive psoriasis related histopathological changes to the ear and dorsal skin tissues were significantly inhibited by the treatment of a standard drug clobetasol and SEL001. Further, mRNA expression analysis indicated a significant increase in gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-19, IL-17A, and IL-23 in IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups than that of the control. Clobetasol and SEL001 treated groups resulted in a lower gene expression level of IL-19, IL-17A, and IL-23 as compared to IMQ and IMQ plus vaseline treated groups. These results enforce that SEL001 could be a novel treatment for psoriasis and an alternative to other drugs that pose a number of side effects on the skin.
Amplification of chromosomal segment 4q12 in non-small cell lung cancer (2009)

In cancer, proto-oncogenes are often altered by genomic amplification. Here we report recurrent focal amplifications of chromosomal segment 4q12 overlapping the proto-oncogenes PDGFRA and KIT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicate that 4q12 is amplified in 3-7% of lung adenocarcinomas and 8-10% of lung squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, we demonstrate that the NSCLC cell line NCI-H1703 exhibits focal amplification of PDGFRA and is dependent on PDGFRalpha activity for cell growth. Treatment of NCI-H1703 cells with PDGFRA-specific shRNAs or with the PDGFRalpha/KIT small molecule inhibitors imatinib or sunitinib leads to cell growth inhibition. However, these observations do not extend to NSCLC cell lines with lower-amplitude and broader gains of chromosome 4q. Together these observations implicate PDGFRA and KIT as potential oncogenes in NSCLC, but further study is needed to define the specific characteristics of those tumors that could respond to PDGFRalpha/KIT inhibitors.
Hypervirulentemm59 Clone in Invasive Group AStreptococcusOutbreak, Southwestern United States (2016)

The hyper-virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group A Streptococcus was identified in northern Arizona in 2015. Eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in New Mexico. The continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern United States poses a public health concern.
Aggregation of measures to produce an overall assessment of animal welfare. Part 2: analysis of constraints (2007)

The overall assessment of animal welfare is a multicriterion evaluation problem that needs a constructive strategy to compound information produced by many measures. The construction depends on specific features such as the concept of welfare, the measures used and the way data are collected. Welfare is multidimensional and one dimension probably cannot fully compensate for another one (e.g. good health cannot fully compensate for behavioural deprivation). Welfare measures may vary in precision, relevance and their relative contribution to an overall welfare assessment. The data collected are often expressed on ordinal scales, which limits the use of weighted sums to aggregate them. A sequential aggregation is proposed in the Welfare Quality® project, first from measures to welfare criteria (corresponding to dimensions with pre-set objectives) and then to an overall welfare assessment, using rules determined at each level depending on the nature and number of variables to be considered and the level of compensation to be permitted. Scientific evidence and expert opinion are used to refine the model, and stakeholders' approval of general principles is sought. This approach could potentially be extended to other problems in agriculture such as the overall assessment of the sustainability of production systems.
Triangular Mesh Geometry Coding with Connectivity Oriented Multiresolutional Decomposition Based on Structuring of Surrounding Vertices (2008)

Three-dimensional models are used in a wide range of applications. The polygonal mesh representation is a well known general purpose shape model for representing 3-D information. In general, a large quantity of data is required for storage or transmission of higher resolution polygonal mesh models. Therefore, an efficient compression scheme for 3-D polygonal mesh data is needed. We describe a new geometry compression scheme for triangle mesh. Structured data is obtained by acquiring the surrounding vertices of the triangle mesh one layer at a time. Structured geometry data are obtained according to the structured vertices and compressed by multiresolutional decomposition with triangle mesh connectivity and space frequency quantization. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is superior to conventional schemes when operating at lower bit rates.
The effect of mouse cell seeding density on the efficiency of iPS cell derivation. (2010)

In order to investigate the effect of mouse cell seeding density on the efficiency of iPS cell derivation,the authors infected the mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs) containing Oct4-EGFP transgene(Oct4-EGFP MEF) with retrovirus carrying four or three transcription factors.Virus-infected Oct4-EGFP MEFs were seeded at densities varying from 500～128 000 cells/9.6 cm2 at four days post infection.AP staining and flow cytometric analysis were carried out at 12 days post infection when four factors were used and 16 days post infection when three factors were used to evaluate the reprogramming efficiency.The results showed that the cell seeding density could influence the reprogramming efficiency.And the authors found that the optimal cell seeding density for generating iPS cells was 8 000 cells/9.6 cm2 when four factors were used while the optimal cell seeding density was 32 000 cells/9.6 cm2 when three factors were used.Moreover,through the retrovirus -mediated mouse iPS cell derivation system,iPS cell lines at the optimal cell seeding densities were successfully established.