gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Theory of Compressive Sensing Matching Pursuit Considering Time-domain Noise with Application to Speech Enhancement (2014)

Compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) is an efficient compressive sensing algorithm holding rigorous estimation error bounds and low computational complexity, when it deals with an additive noise signal model in the observation domain. However, in some applications, e.g., speech enhancement (SE), noise is added to a signal in the time domain, where the conventional CoSaMP cannot be directly applied. In this paper, we establish the theory of CoSaMP to address the time-domain noise, referred to as Tdn-CoSaMP, which extends the canonical theory of CoSaMP. In particular, we prove the existence of a new upper bound of Tdn-CoSaMP, which is found to be larger than that of the conventional CoSaMP by appending two additional terms: a multiplier <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$1+\sqrt{{N\over s}}$</tex></formula> , where <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula> is the dimension of the signal, and an <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\ell_1}$</tex></formula> norm of the noise <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${1\over\sqrt{s}}\Vert {\mbi{e}}\Vert_1$</tex> </formula> scaled by the sparse level <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$s$</tex> </formula> of the signal. We also apply Tdn-CoSaMP to the SE task based on the sequential denoising of overlapped frames in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. The proposed system, CoSaMP-based speech enhancement (CoSaMPSE), has been evaluated in terms of both objective and subjective criteria on various types of noise. Positive results have been achieved for denoising stationary and nonstationary white Gaussian noise (WGN) and are comparable to other SE methods. Moreover, due to its low computational complexity, CoSaMPSE is possible to be combined with optimally modified log-spectrum amplitude estimation (OMLSA) and able to achieve complementary denoising effects in various noisy conditions.
Hierarchies of Extracellular Matrix and Mineral Organization in Bone of the Craniofacial Complex and Skeleton (2005)

Structural hierarchies are common in biologic systems and are particularly evident in biomineralized structures. In the craniofacial complex and skeleton of vertebrates, extracellular matrix and mineral of bone are structurally ordered at many dimensional scales from the macro level to the nano level. Indeed, the nanocomposite texture of bone, with nanocrystals of apatitic mineral embedded within a crosslinked matrix of fibrillar and nonfibrillar proteins, imparts to bone the very mechanical properties and toughness it needs to function in vital organ protection, musculoskeletal movement and mastication. This article focuses on how hierarchies of extracellular matrix protein organization influence bone cell behavior, tissue architecture and mineralization. Additional attention is given to recent work on the molecular determinants of mineral induction in bone, and how the mineralization process is subsequently regulated by inhibitory proteins.
A new experimental station for simultaneous X-ray microbeam scanning for small- and wide-angle scattering and fluorescence at BESSY II (2006)

A new instrument for simultaneous microbeam small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray fluorescence (SAXS/WAXS/XRF) is presented. The instrument is installed at the microfocus beamline at BESSY II and provides a beam of 10 µm size with a flux of about 109 photons s−1. A SAXS resolution up to 500 Å d-spacing and a range of scattering vectors of almost three orders of magnitude are reached by using a large-area high-resolution CCD-based detector for simultaneous SAXS/WAXS. The instrument is particularly suited for scanning SAXS/WAXS/XRF experiments on hierarchically structured biological tissues. The necessary infrastructure, such as a cryo-stream facility and an on-site preparation laboratory for biological specimens, are available.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC GROWTH DIRECTION AND DISORIENTATION IN AL - ZN - SI COATINg (2001)

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DNA-Plasmids of HIV-1 Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses (1999)

DNA-based immunization has been shown to induce protective immunity against several microbial pathogens including HIV-1. Several routes of DNA vaccination have been exploited. However, the properties of the immune responses seem to differ with the different routes used for DNA delivery, ultimately affecting the outcome of experimental challenge. We measured the primary immune response following one vaccination. This report presents differences associated with three different DNA delivery routes: intramuscular injection, intranasal application, and gene-gun based immunization. Induction of systemic humoral immune responses was achieved most efficiently by either intranasal or gene-gun mediated immunization, followed by intramuscular injection. Mucosal IgA was reproducibly induced by intranasal instillation of the DNA, and found in lung washings, faeces, and vaginal washings. Cytotoxic T cells were not induced by a single immunization, but were observed after three immunizations using intramuscular injections.
Reaction of Water Vapor with Carbon Vapor in a High-Intensity Arc (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Water Vapor with Carbon Vapor in a High-Intensity ArcD. Tremblay and S. KaliaguineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1972, 11, 2, 265–271Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260042a020https://doi.org/10.1021/i260042a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Design of Arduino-Based In-vehicle Warning Device for Inner Wheel Difference (2019)

After research, we find that the inner wheel difference has caused a large number of traffic accidents, and its harm cannot be ignored. In order to reduce traffic accidents, an Arduino-based warning device for inner wheel difference is designed in this paper. We first analyze the calculation model of inner wheel difference, then design and assemble each module separately based on the Arduino. In the visual warning part, the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) object detection model is used to locate and identify pedestrians and common objects, in order to realize a device for alerting both drivers and pedestrians based on vision and ultrasonic wave. Finally, based on the characteristics of the warning device and the social development, we analyze the advantages, technical feasibility and development prospects of the device.
Characterization of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), a heterothermic mammal (2020)

The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a heterothermic mammal that forms eusocial colonies consisting of one reproductive female (queen), several reproductive males, and subordinates. Despite their heterothermy, NMRs possess brown adipose tissue (BAT), which generally induces thermogenesis in cold and some non-cold environments. Previous studies suggest that NMR-BAT induces thermogenesis by cold exposure. However, detailed NMR-BAT characteristics and whether NMR-BAT thermogenesis occurs in non-cold environments are unknown. Here, we show beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3)-dependent thermogenic potential of NMR-BAT, which contributes to thermogenesis in the isolated queen in non-cold environments (30 °C). NMR-BAT expressed several brown adipocyte marker genes and showed noradrenaline-dependent thermogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Although our ADRB3 inhibition experiments revealed that NMR-BAT thermogenesis slightly delays the decrease in body temperature in a cold environment (20 °C), it was insufficient to prevent the decrease in the body temperatures. Even at 30 °C, NMRs are known to prevent the decrease of and maintain their body temperature by heat-sharing behaviors within the colony. However, isolated NMRs maintained their body temperature at the same level as when they are in the colony. Interestingly, we found that queens, but not subordinates, induce BAT thermogenesis in this condition. Our research provides novel insights into NMR thermoregulation.
A Tangible Virtual Vibrating String A Physically Motivated Virtual Musical Instrument Interface (2008)

We introduce physically motivated interfaces for playing virtual musical instruments, and we suggest that they lie somewhere in between commonplace interfaces and haptic interfaces in term so f their complexity. Next, we review guitarlike interfaces, and we design an interface to a virtual string. The excitation signal and pitch are sensed separately using two independent string segments. These parameters control a two-axis digital waveguide virtual string, which models vibrations in the horizontal and vertical transverse axes as well as the coupling between them .F inally, we consider the advantages of using a multi-axis pickup for measuring the excitation signal.
Bronchial thermoplasty: A new treatment for severe refractory asthma (2011)

Bronchial thermoplasty was recently approved for treating severe refractory asthma that is not well controlled by high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilator therapy. This article reviews its indications, evidence of efficacy, and protocols.
Depth‐enhanced integral‐imaging 3D display using different optical path lengths by polarization devices or mirror barrier array (2004)

Abstract— Depth‐enhanced integral three‐dimensional (3D) imaging using different optical path lengths by using a polarization selective mirror pair or mirror barrier array is proposed. In the proposed approach, the enhancement of image depth is achieved by repositioning two types of elemental image planes, thus effectively two central depth planes are obtained. One of the two implementation methods makes use of the two‐arm structure that has different optical path lengths and polarization‐selective mirrors. The other utilizes the mirror barrier array. The primary advantage of the method with polarization devices is that we can observe 3D images that maintain some level of viewing resolution with a large depth difference without any mechanical moving part. The mirror barrier array has the advantage of the compact thickness. We demonstrated and verified our proposals experimentally.
Courtship Pheromone Use in a Model Urodele, the Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) (2016)

Sex pheromones have been shown to constitute a crucial aspect of salamander reproduction. Until now, courtship pheromones of Salamandridae and Plethodontidae have been intensively studied, but information on chemical communication in other urodelan families is essentially lacking. The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Ambystomatidae) has a courtship display that suggests a key role for chemical communication in the orchestration of its sexual behavior, but no sex pheromones have yet been characterized from this species. Here we combined whole transcriptome analyses of the male cloaca with proteomic analyses of water in which axolotls were allowed to court to show that male axolotls secrete multiple ca. 20 kDa glycosylated sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) proteins during courtship. In combination with phylogenetic analyses, our data show that the male cloaca essentially secretes a courtship-specific clade of SPF proteins that is orthologous to salamandrid courtship pheromones. In addition, we identified an SPF protein for which no orthologs have been described from other salamanders so far. Overall, our study advocates a central role for SPF proteins during the courtship display of axolotls and adds knowledge on pheromone use in a previously unexplored deep evolutionary branch of salamander evolution.
Heterocyclische β‐Enamino‐ester, IX Die Synthese von Furo[2.3‐e]‐1.4‐diazepinen und deren NMR‐Analyse unter Verwendung des Tris(dipivalo‐methanato)‐europium‐Komplexes (1972)

Abstract Die 2‐Amino‐3‐äthoxycarbonyl‐4.5‐dihydro‐furane 1a – d reagieren mit Äthylendiamin unter Substitution der 2‐Aminogruppe zu Furo[2.3‐ e ]‐1.4‐diazepinonen‐(5) 2a – d . Mit dem Tris‐(dipivalo‐methanato)‐europium‐Komplex, Eu(DPM) 3 , lassen sich die NMR‐Spektren als solche 1. Ordnung interpretieren.
Flavonoid Dimers as Bivalent Modulators for Pentamidine and Sodium StiboglucanateResistance in Leishmania (2006)

Drug resistance by overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is an impediment in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Flavonoids are known to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in Leishmania and mammalian cancers by inhibiting ABC transporters. Here, we found that synthetic flavonoid dimers with three (compound 9c) or four (compound 9d) ethylene glycol units exhibited a significantly higher reversing activity than other shorter or longer ethylene glycol-ligated dimers, with approximately 3-fold sensitization of pentamidine and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) resistance in Leishmania, respectively. This modulatory effect was dosage dependent and not observed in apigenin monomers with the linker, suggesting that the modulatory effect is due to its bivalent nature. The mechanism of reversal activity was due to increased intracellular accumulation of pentamidine and total antimony in Leishmania. Compared to other MDR modulators such as verapamil, reserpine, quinine, quinacrine, and quinidine, compounds 9c and 9d were the only agents that can reverse SSG resistance. In terms of reversing pentamidine resistance, 9c and 9d have activities comparable to those of reserpine and quinacrine. Modulators 9c and 9d exhibited reversal activity on pentamidine resistance among LeMDR1(-/-), LeMDR1(+/+), and LeMDR1-overexpressed mutants, suggesting that these modulators are specific to a non-LeMDR1 pentamidine transporter. The LeMDR1 copy number is inversely related to pentamidine resistance, suggesting that it might be involved in importing pentamidine into the mitochondria. In summary, bivalency could be a useful strategy for the development of more potent ABC transporter modulators and flavonoid dimers represent a promising reversal agent for overcoming pentamidine and SSG resistance in parasite Leishmania.
The first uranyl–methine carbon bond; a complex with out-of-plane uranyl equatorial coordination (2002)

Treatment of [UO2Cl2(thf)3] in thf with one equivalent of [Na(CH(Ph2P = NSiMe3)2)] yields an unusual uranyl chloro-bridged dimer containing a uranium(VI)-carbon bond as part of a tridentate bis(iminophosphorano)methanide chelate complex. The methine carbon is displaced significantly from the uranyl equatorial plane.
Prey switching and feeding habits of eastern coyotes in relation to snowshoe hare and white-tailed deer densities (1998)

We investigated the influence of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) availability on the feeding habits of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Nova Scotia from 1992 to 1997. We hypothesized that coyotes would switch from deer to hare as hare abundance increased. Based on the analysis of 2443 scats, deer and hare were the dominant food items. Other important food items included small mammals, and fruits during late summer. In areas where they were readily available, coyotes fed predominantly on hare during winter, with the use of deer declining as hare density increased. However, the functional response was not proportional to the changes in the relative densities of deer or hare. This was particularly evident at low deer densities, where coyotes continued to feed largely on deer, even in the presence of high hare densities. The consumption of deer fawns during June and July exceeded that of hare in all areas, despite high hare densities in some areas. Overall, high use of deer appeared to have been associated with increased vulnerability due to winter severity or, in the case of young fawns, inability to escape. During mild winters, we suspect that coyotes are forced to focus their hunting efforts on prey other than deer, regardless of density, owing to low vulnerability of deer. When severe winter conditions occur, coyotes switch to feeding mainly on deer.
Rigid Fused Oligoporphyrins as Potential Versatile Molecular Wires. 2. B3LYP and SCF Calculated Geometric and Electronic Properties of 98 Oligoporphyrin and Related Molecules (1999)

Over 100 oligoporphyrin (porphyrin molecules fused to each other through rigid acene-type bridges) molecules have now been synthesized, their long rigid π-bonded structures making them very suitable as molecular wires while their synthetic flexibility offers the possibility of tailoring their structural and electronic properties to match specific needs. To examine their basic operational principles and to explore synthetic possibilities, we optimize the geometry of 85 oligoporphyrin and related molecules including porphyrin dimers and trimers using the accurate B3LYP density-functional technique. Also, a scheme is developed by which accurate geometries of oligoporphyrins of arbitrary size can be estimated, and this is applied to determine the geometries of a further 13 porphyrin trimers and tetramers. At these geometries we analyze SCF orbital properties in order to determine the superexchange electronic couplings within the oligoporphyrins. Couplings are monitored for bridge-length dependence and interpreted in terms of a detailed description involving bridge−porphyrin orbital resonances, as well as in terms of a simpler picture in which π-electron delocalization is seen as a prerequisite for strong intramolecular coupling. Variations of the coupling with the nature of the bridge (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene, free-base or protonated 1,4,5,8-tetraazaanthracene, tetracene, pyrene, coronene, biphenylene, dicyclobuta[a,d]benzene, dicyclobuta[b,g]naphthalene, dicyclobuta[b,h]biphenylene, and bridges additionally fused to porphyrin meso positions) and porphyrin (e.g., porphyrin or bacteriochlorin, β-substituents such as methoxy and cyano, Mg, Zn, Ru(CO)2, and free-base porphyrins) units are considered, and the physical origin of quinonoid switching is determined. Terminal “alligator clips” such as fused phenanthroline, here complexed with CuICl2, are also considered.
525Distinctive miRNA signature associated to inflammation in monocytes exposed to atherogenic low density lipoproteins: miR126 (2014)

Purpose: Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, have emerged as key regulators of molecular pathways that may critically control monocyte differentiation and function in hypercholesterolemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerotic plaque evolution. The present study was aimed to investigate the differential miRNA signature profile in cultured human monocyte exposed to atherosclerotic concentrations of low density lipoproteins (LDL). Methods: Human monocytes from healthy donors were isolated and exposed to atherogenic concentrations (180 mg/dL) of LDL during 24 hours. miRNA pattern was determined using a Taqman array micro fluidic card. Gene and protein analysis of in silico selected targets was performed by RT-PCR and western-blot. Results: We consistently identified 73 miRNAs in human monocytes. Ten miRNAs were differentially upregulated and 1 downregulated, with >1.5fold difference, after exposition to atherogenic concentrations of LDL. Among the differential miRNA pattern, miR-126 showed the largest changes (>3 fold increase, p<0.05). In silico IPA core analysis revealed inflammation as the most representative process associated to the LDL-induced differential miRNA profile (p<0.0001). By combining MiRNA Target Filter prediction and minimum free energy (mfe) analysis using RNAhybrid, we identified the member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily TNFRSF10B, receptor for ligands involved in cell-apoptosis pathway, as the gene regulated by miR-126 with a highest score. Monocyte exposed to LDL did not show any significant change in TNFRSF10B mRNA expression. However, TNFRSF10B protein level in monocytes was >2 fold decreased (p<0.05) after 24 h exposure to LDL, indicating its post-transcriptional regulation. Conclusions: our data suggest that the increase of miR-126 expression in monocyte exposed to atherogenic LDL might identify a novel mechanism involving the monocyte-dependent inflammatory response in hypercholesterolemia and regulate TNFRSF10B protein levels in monocytes.
Bifunctional role for VEGF-induced heme oxygenase-1 in vivo: induction of angiogenesis and inhibition of leukocytic infiltration (2003)

Heme-oxygenases (HOs) catalyze the conversion of heme into carbon monoxide and biliverdin. HO-1 is induced during hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, and inflammation, providing cytoprotection and inhibiting leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites. Although in vitro studies have suggested an additional role for HO-1 in angiogenesis, the relevance of this in vivo remains unknown. We investigated the involvement of HO-1 in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced prolonged HO-1 expression and activity in human endothelial cells and HO-1 inhibition abrogated VEGF-driven angiogenesis. Two murine models of angiogenesis were used: (1) angiogenesis initiated by addition of VEGF to Matrigel and (2) a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of inflammatory angiogenesis in which angiogenesis is secondary to leukocyte invasion. Pharmacologic inhibition of HO-1 induced marked leukocytic infiltration that enhanced VEGF-induced angiogenesis. However, in the presence of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to block leukocyte migration, VEGF-induced angiogenesis was significantly inhibited by HO-1 antagonists. Furthermore, in the LPS-induced model of inflammatory angiogenesis, induction of HO-1 with cobalt protoporphyrin significantly inhibited leukocyte invasion into LPS-conditioned Matrigel and thus prevented the subsequent angiogenesis. We therefore propose that during chronic inflammation HO-1 has 2 roles: first, an anti-inflammatory action inhibiting leukocyte infiltration; and second, promotion of VEGF-driven noninflammatory angiogenesis that facilitates tissue repair.