gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential equation models of flow-size based priorities in internet routers (2010)

Simulation studies have shown that providing priority to short-flows in internet routers can dramatically reduce their mean delay while having little impact on the long-flows that carry the bulk of internet traffic. In this paper, we present simple differential equation models (commonly referred to as fluid models) that can be used to analytically quantify this observation. Our model is at the connection-level where file arrivals and departures are described using differential equations, while ignoring the packet-level effects. We demonstrate that network performance can be enhanced significantly by giving priorities to short-flows without seriously affecting the throughput of long-flows.
A Covalent Organic Framework as a Long‐life and High‐Rate Anode Suitable for Both Aqueous Acidic and Alkaline Batteries (2023)

Aqueous rechargeable batteries are prospective candidates for large-scale grid energy storage. However, traditional anode materials applied lack acid-alkali co-tolerance. Herein, we report a covalent organic framework containing pyrazine (C=N) and phenylimino (-NH-) groups (HPP-COF) as a long-cycle and high-rate anode for both acidic and alkaline batteries. The HPP-COF's robust covalent linkage and the hydrogen bond network between -NH- and water molecules collectively improve the acid-alkaline co-tolerance. More importantly, the hydrogen bond network promotes the rapid transport of H<sup>+</sup> /OH<sup>-</sup> by the Grotthuss mechanism. As a result, the HPP-COF delivers a superior capacity and cycle stability (66.6 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> @ 30 A g<sup>-1</sup> , over 40000 cycles in 1 M H<sub>2</sub> SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte; 91.7 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> @ 100 A g<sup>-1</sup> , over 30000 cycles @ 30 A g<sup>-1</sup> in 1 M NaOH electrolyte). The work opens a new direction for the structural design and application of COF materials in acidic and alkaline batteries.
Optimizing investments in cyber-security for critical infrastructure (2013)

Investments in the cyber-security of critical infrastructure must balance preventing intrusion, detecting a cyber-attack, and mitigating the attacker's physical effects on computer controlled equipment. For this purpose, we outline a method for making optimal investment decisions that balance these three aspects of a cyber-defense. The proposed method accounts for the physical process that is being controlled and the relative cost and performance of technologies for prevention, detection, and mitigation. We illustrate the proposed method with a model of a chiller that is based on the supercomputer chillers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This model is used to select security capabilities that yields the greatest protection for a fixed budget.
Suspension array technology: new tools for gene and protein analysis. (2001)

Flow cytometry has long been a key tool in the analysis of lymphocytes and other cells, owing to its ability to make quantitative, homogeneous, multiparameter measurements of particles. New developments in illumination sources, digital signal processing and microsphere chemistry are driving the development of flow cytometry in new areas of biomedical research. In particular. the maturation of approaches to perform highly parallel analyses using suspension arrays of microspheres with different morphospectral features is making flow cytometry an important tool in protein and genetic analysis. In this paper, we review the development of suspension array technology (SAT), current applications in protein and genomic analysis, and the prospects for this platform in a variety of large scale screening applications.
High‐Rate and Ultralong Cycle‐Life Potassium Ion Batteries Enabled by In Situ Engineering of Yolk–Shell FeS2@C Structure on Graphene Matrix (2018)

Abstract The potassium‐ion battery (PIB) represents a promising alternative to the lithium‐ion battery for large‐scale energy storage owing to the abundance and low cost of potassium. The lack of high performance anode materials is one of the bottlenecks for its success. The main challenge is the structural degradation caused by the huge volume expansion from insertion/extraction of potassium ions which are much larger than their lithium counterparts. Here, this challenge is tackled by in situ engineering of a yolk–shell FeS 2 @C structure on a graphene matrix. The yolk–shell structure provides interior void space for volume expansion and prevents the aggregation of FeS 2 . The conductive graphene matrix further enhances the charge transport within the composite. The PIB fabricated using this anode delivers high capacity, good rate capability (203 mA h g −1 at 10 A g −1 ), and remarkable long‐term stability up to 1500 cycles at high rates. The performance is superior to most anode materials reported to date for PIBs. Further in‐depth characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the material displays reversible intercalation/deintercalation and conversion reactions during cycles, as well as the low diffusion energy barriers for the intercalation process. This work provides a new avenue to allow the proliferation of PIB anodes.
Regioselective Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Proteins with Palladium Catalysis; New Protein Chemistry by Organometallic Chemistry (2007)

On p. 138 of this article, two concentrations were given incorrectly. In the second paragraph on the right-hand side, the concentration of TPPTs should have been 20 mM. In the third paragraph, the concentration of decyl-β-D-glucopyranoside should have been 1.6 mM. The authors apologise for this mistake.
“Plug & Produce” functions for an easily reconfigurable robotic assembly cell (2007)

Purpose This paper aims to develop an easily reconfigurable assembly cell. Design/methodology/approach Some functions are implemented to resolve problems associated with physical reconfiguration of an agent‐based robotic assembly cell, such as position calibration and workspace allocation. Findings The implemented prototype assembly cell is composed of industrial manipulators and a belt conveyor. Installation of a new manipulator and assembly execution are successfully demonstrated on the prototype cell. Practical implications In the developed assembly system, installation and removal of assembly devices are easily performed so that it can adapt to changes in the manufacturing environment quickly. Originality/value The developed system does not use specially designed hardware. Easy reconfiguration is enabled using conventional devices such as manipulators and belt conveyors.
Optimal techniques for arterial gene transfer (1997)

Cardiovascular gene therapy is becoming a clinical reality due to improved vectors, delivery systems and careful experimental validation studies. Nearly all cardiovascular diseases are amenable to gene therapy, but the optimal combination of vector, delivery system and therapeutic gene is likely to be unique to each application. Currently, the most efficient vectors available are replication-defective adenoviral vectors, but transgene expression is limited in time due to a strong immune response. Conversely, non-viral vectors or plasmid DNA may be used safely but have very limited efficiency. Percutaneous, catheter-based delivery is feasible for most applications. The ultimate issues that will decide of the future of gene therapy are safety of the transfer and delivery techniques as well as cost/effectiveness comparisons with alternative therapies, including local delivery of drugs, proteins and/or mechanical devices.
Dissociable Roles of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Instrumental Conditioning (2004)

Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more frequently. We scanned human participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they engaged in instrumental conditioning. Our results suggest partly dissociable contributions of the ventral and dorsal striatum, with the former corresponding to the critic and the latter corresponding to the actor.
Fabrication of high bit rate, monolith ically integrated receivers in photonic BiCMOS technology (2015)

We present results of photonic BiCMOS process development enabling the fabrication of monolithically integrated receivers for 40Gbps and beyond. Focus is on the challenge to fabricate simultaneously 200GHz SiGe HBTs and Ge photodiodes with enough bandwidth.
Polycaprolactone based biodegradable polyurethanes (2003)

Abstract Two series of segmented polyurethanes were prepared with systematic variation in soft and hard segment length. The soft segment was constituted by polycaprolactone (PCL) blocks of molecular masses 530 or 2000 and the hard segment (HS) by urethane blocks, in a concentration that varied from 12% to 44% in weight of the whole polyurethane. Morphological analyses indicated that the amount of crystallinity of copolymers was strongly dependent on the PCL molar mass and hard segment content. The copolymers with longer PCL soft segments (Mn=2000) were semicrystalline, but those with shorter PCL segment (Mn=530) were unable to crystallize. The primary factor affectingthe biodegradability of copolymers as evaluated by Sturm tests was the extent of the phase separation, and that the segmental blending of the less biodegradable polyurethane (HS) blocks with PCL in the amorphous phase had a critical unfavorable consequence, which may be attributed to the size of the accessible area by microorganisms.
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Hypertonic Saline Resuscitation in Patients Sustaining Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock (2005)

This first human trial evaluating the immunologic/anti-inflammatory effects of hypertonic resuscitation in trauma patients demonstrates that HSD promotes a more balanced inflammatory response to hemorrhagic shock, raising the possibility that similar to experimental models, HSD might also attenuate post-trauma MOD.
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (1998)

High-resolution MRI using a local gradient coil provides excellent delineation of the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
The cell wall component lipoteichoic acid of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> induces chemokine gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a major cause of bovine mastitis, but its pathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. To evaluate the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the immune or inflammatory response of SA mastitis, we investigated the gene expression profile in bovine mammary epithelial cells stimulated with LTA alone or with formalin-killed SA (FKSA) using cap analysis of gene expression. Seven common differentially expressed genes related to immune or inflammatory mediators were up-regulated under both LTA and FKSA stimulations. Three of these genes encode chemokines (IL-8, CXCL6 and CCL2) functioning as chemoattractant molecules for neutrophils and macrophages. These results suggest that the initial inflammatory response of SA infection in mammary gland may be related with LTA induced chemokine genes.
Introduction to Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. By P. J. Durrant and B. Durrant (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntroduction to Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. By P. J. Durrant and B. DurrantHarry H. SislerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 3, 664Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50007a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50007a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Z-polarized confocal microscopy (2001)

In light microscopy the transverse nature of the electromagnetic field precludes a strongly focused longitudinal field component, thus confining polarization spectroscopy and imaging to two dimensions (x,y). Here we describe a simple confocal microscopy arrangement that optimizes for signal from molecules with transition dipoles oriented parallel to the optic axis. In the proposed arrangement, we not only generate a predominant longitudinally (z) polarized focal field, but also engineer the detection scheme in such a way that in a bulk of randomly oriented molecules, the microscope's effective point-spread function is dominated by the contribution of those molecules that are oriented along the optic axis. Our arrangement not only implicitly allows for the determination of the orientation of transition dipoles of single molecules in three dimensions, but also highlights the contribution of z-oriented molecules in three-dimensional imaging.
Entrelaceur adapté à une réception itérative. Procédé et dispositif en réception d'un signal de données composé de blocs de symboles et programme d'ordinateur correspondant (2006)

demande d'extension européenne n° EP 20070731720 déposée le 09 mars 2007, demande d'extension internationale n° WO2007FR50904 déposée le 09 mars 2007, brevet publié WO2007110522 et EP1999918 le 4 octobre 2007
A game-theoretic optimisation approach to fair customer allocation in oligopolies (2020)

Abstract Under the ever-increasing capital intensive environment that contemporary process industries face, oligopolies begin to form in mature markets where a small number of companies regulate and serve the customer base. Strategic and operational decisions are highly dependent on the firms’ customer portfolio and conventional modelling approaches neglect the rational behaviour of the decision makers, with regards to the problem of customer allocation, by assuming either static competition or a leader-follower structure. In this article, we address the fair customer allocation within oligopolies by employing the Nash bargaining approach. The overall problem is formulated as mixed integer program with linear constraints and a nonlinear objective function which is further linearised following a separable programming approach. Case studies from the industrial liquid market highlight the importance and benefits of the proposed game theoretic approach.
Experimental and Kinetics Studies of Aromatic Hydrogenation in a Two-Stage Hydrotreating Process using NiMo/Al2O3 and NiW/Al2O3 Catalysts (2008)

In this work, hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in light gas oil derived from Athabasca bitumen was carried out using a single- and two-stage hydrotreating processes. Experiments were performed in a trickle-bed reactor using two catalysts namely NiMo/Al2O3 and NiW/Al2O3. NiMo/Al2O3 was used in the first stage for nitrogen and sulphur containing heteroatoms removal whereas NiW/Al2O3 was used in the second stage for saturation of the aromatic rings in the hydrocarbon species. Temperature and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) were varied from 350-390°C and 1.0-1.5 h−1, respectively, while pressure was maintained constant at 11.0 MPa for all experiments. Results from single-stage were compared with those from two-stage process on the basis of reaction time. Kinetic analysis of the single-stage hydrotreating process showed that HDA and HDS activities were retarded by the presence of hydrogen sulphide that is produced as a by-product of the HDS process. However, with inter-stage removal of hydrogen sulphide in the two-stage process, significant improvement of the HDA and HDS activities were observed. On a réalisé dans ce travail l'hydrogénation de composés aromatiques dans du gasoil léger dérivé de bitumes d'Athabasca à l'aide de procédés d'hydrotraitement mono et bi-étagé. Des expériences ont été menées dans un réacteur à lit ruisselant avec deux catalyseurs, à savoir NiMo/Al2O3 et NiW/Al2O3. NiMo/Al2O3 a été utilisé dans le premier étage pour l'azote et le retrait des hétéroatomes contenant du soufre, tandis que NiW/Al2O3 a été utilisé dans le second étage pour la saturation des anneaux aromatiques dans les espèces d'hydrocarbures. On a fait varier la température et le volume par volume par heure (LHSV) de 350-390°C et de 1,0-1,5 h−1, respectivement, tandis que la pression est maintenue constante à 11,0 MPa pour toutes les expériences. Les résultats du procédé mono-étagé sont comparés à ceux du procédé bi-étagé sur la base du temps de réaction. L'analyse cinétique du procédé d'hydrotraitement mono-étagé montre que les activités de l'HDA et l'HDS sont retardées par la présence de sulfure d'hydrogène qui est produit par le procédé HDS. Toutefois, avec le retrait de l'hydrogène sulfuré entre les deux étages dans le procédé bi-étagé, on observe une amélioration importante des activités de l'HDA et l'HDS.
Influence of the PNPLA3 rs738409 Polymorphism on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Renal Function among Normal Weight Subjects (2015)

In normal weight subjects (body mass index < 25 kg/m2), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is likely to coexist with metabolic diseases. The patatin-like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) polymorphism rs738409 (c.444C>G) is associated with the risk of NAFLD and/or renal dysfunction; however, the influence of the weight status on the associations remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the associations of the PNPLA3 polymorphism with the risk of NAFLD and/or renal dysfunction, while also paying careful attention to the weight status of the subjects. Cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal studies with 5.5 ± 1.1 years of follow-up were conducted in 740 and 393 Japanese participants (61.2 ± 10.5 and 67.5 ± 6.0 years), respectively, during a health screening program. Among 591 subjects who did not have a habitual alcohol intake and/or hepatitis B or C virus infections, the PNPLA3 G/G genotype was associated with the risk for NAFLD in normal weight subjects [odds ratio (95% CI): 3.06 (1.11-8.43), P < 0.05]. Among all subjects, carriers of the PNPLA3 G/G genotype with a normal weight had a lower eGFR than those of the C/C genotype [partial regression coefficient (SE): -3.26 (1.48), P < 0.05]. These associations were replicated in the longitudinal analyses. Among the overweight subjects, none of the genotypes were significantly associated in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses; however, the power of the analyses was small, especially in the analyses among overweight subjects. The findings of this study suggest that carriers of the PNPLA3 G/G genotype with a normal weight status should nevertheless be carefully monitored for the presence of NAFLD and/or renal dysfunction.
Development of Traffic Air Quality Simulation Model (2006)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency currently promulgates the use of CAL3QHC to model the concentrations of carbon monoxide near roadway intersections. The steady-state and macroscopic methods used in this model represent rough approximations of the physical phenomena that occur at intersections and are unintuitive for the users. Therefore, the traffic air quality simulation model (TRAQSIM) was developed to create a theoretically more realistic (more natural), easier to understand, and more flexible modeling environment than CAL3QHC. Instead of the steady-state plume equations used in CAL3QHC, TRAQSIM models dispersion through the use of Gaussian puffs emitted from discrete moving sources in a traffic simulation environment. Although most components incorporated in TRAQSIM are not new, the combination of these components within a fully integrated environment is new and provides the potential for a more direct (more logical) expansion of modeling capabilities. As part of an initial validation assessment, a relative comparison of the results obtained with CAL3QHC and TRAQSIM showed that TRAQSIM produced a more intuitively correct spatial allocation of concentrations. The validation assessment also showed good agreement by both models when the data obtained with the models were compared with the measured data, with overall R 2 values of .721 for CAL3QHC and .605 for TRAQSIM. Although these values appear to favor CAL3QHC, the analysis of individual cases showed mixed results (i.e., six cases favored CAL3QHC and five cases favored TRAQSIM). Therefore, additional assessments with larger data sets will need to be conducted before any definitive conclusions can be made. This paper describes the data and methodologies used to develop TRAQSIM and the initial validation work.
TRANSMISSION OF SURFACTANT PROTEIN ALLELES IN CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED WITH RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS DISEASE. (2006)

Thomas, Neal J; Hess, Joseph C; Geskey, Joseph M; DiAngelo, Susan L; Floros, Joanna; Ball, Margaret W; Willson, Douglas F; Fan, Ruzong Author Information
Development of HuperTacrines as Non-Toxic, Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

This paper describes our preliminary results on the ADMET, synthesis, biochemical evaluation, and molecular modeling of racemic HuperTacrines (HT), new hybrids resulting from the juxtaposition of huperzine A and tacrine for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synthesis of these HT was executed by Friedländer-type reactions of 2-amino-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles, or 7-amino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,6-naphthyridine- 8-carbonitriles, with cyclohexanone. In the biochemical evaluation, initial and particular attention was devoted to test their toxicity on human hepatoma cells, followed by the in vitro inhibition of human cholinesterases (hAChE, and hBuChE), and the kinetics/mechanism of the inhibition of the most potent HT; simultaneous molecular modeling on the best HT provided the key binding interactions with the human cholinesterases. >From these analyses, (±)-5-amino-3-methyl- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (HT1) and (±)-5-amino-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (HT3) have emerged as characterized by extremely low liver toxicity reversible mixed-type, selective hAChE and, quite selective irreversible hBuChEIs, respectively, showing also good druglike properties for AD-targeted drugs.
Prediction of the critical heat flux in microchannels during flow boiling of carbon dioxide (2008)

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