gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning and using the cognitive walkthrough method (1995)

We present a detailed case study, drawn from many information sources, of a computer scientist learning and using Cognitive Walkthroughs to assess a multi-media authoring tool. This study results in several clear messages to both system designers and to developers of evaluation techniques: this technique is currenlty learnable and usable, but there are several areas where further methoddevelopment would greatly contribute to a designer's use of the technique. In addition, the emergent picture of the process this evaluator went through to produce his analysis sets realistic expectations for other novice evaluators who contemplate learning and using Cognitive Walkthroughs.
A tiger mouse and relatives (1984)

In a laboratory-bred population of wild Peruvian house mice, one male had an excessive rate of non-pairing of the X and Y chromosomes. After crossing him with laboratory stock mice, a mouse of very unusual phenotype appeared from a yellow (AyA) mother. He was yellow with black dorsal stripes; hence Tiger. He was mated to many females, and inbred F2 and F3 generations were raised. There were no more tiger phenotypes, but his F1 contained an excess of black-and-tans over yellows, showing him to be a gonosomic mosaic Ayat/atat; the homozygous cell line probably arose from the heterozygous one. The mitotic karyotype was normal. Some of Tiger's mates were of known allozyme types and their progeny were scored. The allozyme segregations were normal, except at the Es-3 locus (esterase-3), for which Tiger was typed as homozygous. Several unusual events among Tiger's close relatives included a mutation to an unstable pattern mutant, three probable translocations, and several cases of somatic defect. All unusual mice derived from Tiger's yellow mother, whose genome was one-quarter Peruvian. Yellow is associated with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus. The Peru genome is characterized by a high occurrence of mutation and aberrant karyotypes. It is suggested that something from the Peru genome in Tiger's mother caused instability of the DNA sequence associated with yellow, with related disturbance at different locations thereafter. The nature of this instability, and of the Peru genome, is discussed.
Holographic Waveguide Array Rollable Display. (1997)

Abstract : POC investigated the feasibility of developing a holographic waveguide array rollable display based on holographic optics and a multilayer polymer waveguide substrate. The Phase 1 investigation began with a preliminary study, modeling the multiplanar waveguide and analyzing its light propagation characteristics. Based on the waveguide requirements, possible display system architectures were investigated. In parallel, several types of photopolymers were characterized to evaluate their suitability for holographic and multiplanar waveguide fabrication. Finally, a proof of principle of a multiplanar waveguide fabrication and planar display was demonstrated in the laboratory. The main conclusions to be drawn from this investigation are: (1) Computer modeling, analytical calculation and experimental analyses have shown that it is possible to use very thin (1 to 2 microns) polymer waveguide layers with realistic refractive indexes corresponding to commercially available polymer films to allow efficient, low loss propagation of three primary colors (RGB) of laser light simultaneously with sufficient tolerance in the coupling angles. Total thickness of the polymer substrate can be 2 to 4 mm for a vertical resolution of 1024; (2) Dichromated gelatin and DuPont photopolymers showed maximum index modulation of 0.02 to 0.06 achievable for holographic optics and waveguide recording. DCG shows higher diffraction efficiency (98%) and lower (<2%) loss than DuPont photopolymer, while in terms of processing and stability DuPont polymer is more suitable for input/output coupling hologram fabrication; (3) Three image forming approaches -- 2-D laser beam scanning; 1-D line image and 2-D direct image projection without scanning -- are suitable for image input into the scanning; multiplanar polymer waveguide substrate.
How Half a Century of Research was Required to Understand Bacterial Growth on C1 and C2 Compounds; the Story of the Serine Cycle and the Ethylmalonyl-CoA Pathway (2011)

For bacterial growth on substrates with only one or two carbon atoms, special assimilation pathways are required. In 1957, the glyoxylate cycle of Kornberg and Krebs was described for bacterial growth on C2 compounds such as ethanol and acetate. However this pathway did not operate in some photosynthetic bacteria and in some methylotrophs when they were growing on C2 compounds, so an alternative pathway must exist. By 1973 Quayle's serine cycle had been described for methylotrophs growing on C1 compounds such as methanol, but the pathway was incomplete, the unknown part also functioning during growth on C2 compounds. After more than 35 further years of research, the ethylmalonyl-CoA (EMC) pathway for growth on C2 compounds, of photosynthetic bacteria has recently been elucidated. This pathway also operates in methylotrophs during growth on C2 compounds, and on C1 compounds by way of the serine cycle. This review is a celebration of half a century of research and of the fascinating result of that research.
Reactions of a Ruthenium(II) Arene Antitumor Complex with Cysteine and Methionine (2002)

The Ru(II) organometallic antitumor complex [(eta(6)-biphenyl)RuCl(en)][PF(6)] (1) reacts slowly with the amino acid L-cysteine (L-CysH(2)) in aqueous solution at 310 K. Reactions were followed over periods of up to 48 h using HPLC, electronic absorption spectroscopy, LC-ESI-MS, and 1D or 2D (1)H and (15)N NMR spectroscopy. Reactions at a 1 mM/2 mM (Ru/L-CysH(2)) ratio were multiphasic in acidic solutions (pH 5.1) and appeared to involve aquation as the first step. Initially, 1:1 adducts involving substitution of Cl by S-bound or O-bound L-CysH(2), [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(S-L-CysH)(en)](+) (4a) and [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(O-L-CysH(2))(en)](2+) (4b) formed, followed by the cystine adduct [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(O-Cys(2)H(2))(en)](2+) (3), and two dinuclear complexes from which half or all of the chelated ethylenediamine had been displaced, [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(H(2)O)(microS,N-L-Cys)Ru(eta(6)-biphenyl)(en)](2+) (5) containing one bridging cysteine, and [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(O,N-L-Cys-S)(S-L-Cys-N)Ru(eta(6)-biphenyl)(H(2)O)] (6) containing two bridging cysteines. The unusual cluster species [(biphenyl)Ru](8) (7a) was also detected by MS and was more prevalent in reactions at higher L-CysH(2) concentrations. Complex 5 was the dominant product at pH 2-5, but overall, only ca. 50% of 1 reacted with L-CysH(2) in these conditions. The reaction between 1 and L-CysH(2) was suppressed in 50 mM triethylammonium acetate solution at pH > 5 or in 100 mM NaCl. Only 27% of complex 1 reacted with L-methionine (L-MetH) at an initial pH of 5.7 after 48 h at 310 K and gave rise to only one adduct [(eta(6)-biphenyl)Ru(S-L-MetH)(en)](2+) (8).
High Temperature Facility Under Vacuum for the Thermal Characterization of Anisotropic Materials (2010)

New applications in Aerospace or in Energy industries require the development of new insulating materials at high temperature exhibiting anisotropic properties. Their thermal characterization requires the development of new experimental facilities. The In-Plane measurements can be very difficult due to the thermal coupling that can appear between the sample and air in its vicinity, especially for low conductivity materials. We will show that this problem can be solved either through theoretical models or by working under vacuum. A new facility developed in LEMTA for the thermal characterization at high temperature and under vacuum of anisotropic materials is presented. This type of measurements allows us to get rid of convection effects and non-homogenous oxidation of the material. This method is fast and accurate thank to the inverse method based on an analytical model and allow to estimate through only one experiment the three diffusivities in each direction.
CD28 induces survival in long-lived plasma cells through NFκB mediated Irf4 upregulation and mitochondrial respiration-dependent reactive oxygen species production. (2017)

Abstract Durable humoral immunity is dependent upon sustained antibody production by long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). We have published that CD28 is required for LLPC survival and antibody production in vivo; however, the mechanistic basis for this is unclear. In T cells, CD28 is known to induce glycolysis at the expense of respiration. Surprisingly, CD28 induces mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis in LLPCs while also increasing glucose uptake. Paradoxically, respiration-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for CD28-mediated survival. Using knock-in mice with mutations in the CD28 cytoplasmic tail, we demonstrate that CD28-Grb2-Vav-Slp76 signaling is required for the survival of LLPCs with high mitochondrial mass and ROS in vivo. Mechanistically, CD28 induces Irf4 in an NFκB-dependent manner. CD28-ROS drive cRel translocation, an NFκB subunit, which can bind directly to the Irf4 promoter. We also describe a super enhancer element further upstream of Irf4 driven by the NFκB subunit p65, induced by CD28 specifically in LLPCs. Furthermore, inhibition of NFκB abrogates CD28-mediated glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. Irf4 heterozygous LLPCs have lower mitochondrial mass in vivo, and knock-down of Irf4 decreases the mitochondrial mass. This leads to a model wherein CD28, through Grb2-Vav-Slp-76, reinforces LLPC survival through the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Respiration-dependent ROS then augment NFκB-mediated Irf4 expression through direct promoter activity and a previously undescribed super enhancer element. CD28, therefore, makes an attractive target for the augmentation of vaccine design and in the alleviation of antibody-mediated autoimmunity.
A polynomial phase-shift algorithm for high precision three-dimensional profilometry (2013)

The perspective effect is common in real optical systems using projected patterns for machine vision applications. In the past, the frequencies of these sinusoidal patterns are assumed to be uniform at different heights when reconstructing moving objects. Therefore, the error caused by a perspective projection system becomes pronounced in phase-measuring profilometry, especially for some high precision metrology applications such as measuring the surfaces of the semiconductor components at micrometer level. In this work, we investigate the perspective effect on phase-measuring profilometry when reconstructing the surfaces of moving objects. Using a polynomial to approximate the phase distribution under a perspective projection system, which we call a polynomial phase-measuring profilometry (P-PMP) model, we are able to generalize the phase-measuring profilometry model discussed in our previous work and solve the phase reconstruction problem effectively. Furthermore, we can characterize how the frequency of the projected pattern changes according to the height variations and how the phase of the projected pattern distributes in the measuring space. We also propose a polynomial phase-shift algorithm (P-PSA) to correct the phase-shift error due to perspective effect during phase reconstruction. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can improve the reconstruction quality both visually and numerically.
Sortilin regulates blood–brain barrier integrity (2021)

Brain homeostasis depends on the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite decades of research, the factors and signalling pathways for modulating and maintaining BBB integrity are not fully elucidated. Here, we characterise the expression and function of the multifunctional receptor, sortilin, in the cells of the BBB, in vivo and in vitro. We show that sortilin acts as an important regulatory protein of the BBB's tightness. In rats lacking sortilin, the BBB was leaky, which correlated well with relocated distribution of the localisation of zonula occludens-1, VE-cadherin and β-catenin junctional proteins. Furthermore, the absence of sortilin in brain endothelial cells resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Akt signalling protein and increased the level of phospho-ERK1/2. As a putative result of MAPK/ERK pathway activity, the junctions between the brain endothelial cells were disintegrated and the integrity of the BBB became compromised. The identified barrier differences between wild-type and Sort1-/- brain endothelial cells can pave the way for a better understanding of sortilin's role in the healthy and diseased BBB.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Approaches to Vinca Alkaloids Through the Asymmetric Michael Reaction Using Chiral Imines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Characterization of Potent and Selective μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonists, [Dmt, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-1 (Antanal-1) and [Dmt1, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-2 (Antanal-2) (2007)

To synthesize potent antagonists of the mu-opioid receptor, we prepared a series of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 analogues with 3-(1-naphthyl)-d-alanine (d-1-Nal) or 3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanine (d-2-Nal) in position 4. Some of these analogues displayed weak antagonist properties. We tried to strengthen these properties by introducing the structurally modified tyrosine residue 2,6-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) in place of Tyr1. Among the synthesized compounds, [Dmt1, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-1, designated antanal-1, and [Dmt1, d-2-Nal4]endomorphin-2, designated antanal-2, turned out to be highly potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists, as judged on the basis of two functional assays, the receptor binding assay and the hot plate test of analgesia. Interestingly, another analogue of this series, [Dmt1, d-1-Nal4]endomorphin-1, turned out to be a moderately potent mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist.
Development of broadband optical frequency resource over 8.4-THz in 1.0-μm waveband for photonic transport systems (2010)

Continually expanding demand for greater photonic network capacities has created a need for the use of alternative wavebands and development of methods to strengthen transmission capacities. Photonic transport systems in the C band (1530-1565 nm, 4.3-THz bandwidth) and L band (1565-1625 nm, 7.1-THz bandwidth) have been extensively employed in conventional networks. We recently focused on use of a novel wavelength band such as 1.0-&mu;m (thousand band: T band) together with the conventional C and L bands for enhancing usable optical frequency resources in future photonic networks employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Therefore, here, we develop an ultra-broadband photonic transport system in the T band to create novel optical frequency resources in that waveband. In the proposed system, a holey fiber (HF) transmission line has been developed that is capable of ultra-broadband data transmission. In this study, we demonstrated ultra-broadband, 10-Gbps, error-free operation in a T-band photonic transport system using a wavelength tunable light source and an HF transmission line (typically &gt;3.3 km). We successfully developed ultrabroadband transmission capability beyond the 8.4-THz bandwidth (1037-1068 nm), from usable optical frequency resources in the T band. In this band we also successfully demonstrate a polarization division multiplexing (PDM) photonic transport system for achieving efficient use of optical frequency resources. To construct the photonic network system of the future, we believe the technologies of the demonstrated T-band photonic transport systems using the HF transmission line represent a pioneering breakthrough in the use of ultra-broadband optical frequency resources.
Spatial structure and density of states of transmission eigenchannels (2016)

We explore the spatial profile of the ensemble average of the energy density of eigenchannels of the transmission matrix within random diffusive media using computer simulations and nonperturbative diagrammatic technique. A symmetrical profile with a peak in the middle of the sample is found for the fully transmitting eigenchannel and is shown to be closely related to a position dependent diffusion coefficient of the open media. We show that the average spatial profile of each transmission eigenchannel when normalized by the profile of the completely transmitting eigenchannel depends only upon the value of transmission through the corresponding eigenchannel. A universal expression for the average spatial profile is given in terms of the auxiliary localization lengths determined from transmission eigenvalues and position dependent diffusion coefficient. These lengths were first introduced by Dorokhov to describe the scaling of transmission and conductance through disordered media. Though direct measurement of energy distribution within a scattering medium is generally difficult, we demonstrate in microwave measurements that the integrated energy density stored in the media of each eigenchannel can be determined from the measurements of spectra of the transmission matrix. The derivative of the composite phase of the eigenchannels with respect to the angular frequency yields the contribution to the density of states (DOS) from the individual transmission eigenchannels. This is proportional to integrated energy stored and the dwell time of the transmission eigenchannel. The DOS determined from the transmission eigenchannel is shown to be in good agreement with DOS obtained by analyzing the field spectra into quasi-normal modes of the open medium. These results provide a path towards controlling the energy deposition within a scattering medium.
Human-centered design considered harmful (2005)

article Share on Human-centered design considered harmful Author: Donald A. Norman Nielsen Norman Group Nielsen Norman GroupView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 12Issue 4July + August 2005 pp 14–19https://doi.org/10.1145/1070960.1070976Online:01 July 2005Publication History 209citation11,444DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations209Total Downloads11,444Last 12 Months2,728Last 6 weeks431 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Explanatory tool for decision support on data-fused panoramic cockpit displays (1995)

Data-fused panoramic displays are currently being developed to provide decision support to military pilots in air-to-air combat environments. This paper reports the findings from a series of studies conducted using simulated data-fused explanatory displays. The displays provided explanations, rather than advice, in an endeavor to keep the pilot in the decision loop while improving the accuracy and/or speed of his mission-critical decisions. In addition to the basic display of the threat type, speed and direction (the control condition), three forms of explanatory displays were presented: text only, graphics only, and text and graphics (redundant). These displays provided information regarding the hostile aircraft's missile engagement zones and success envelopes. For effective human-system interaction, an appropriate level of operator trust is required. A critical determinant of trust is the transparency of the system interface, which should allow the operator to assess the system's accuracy. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the issues of trust and transparency of the different display formats used in the decision support system. Participants were asked to identify the highest threat posed by three hostile aircraft in an air combat scenario in the first experiment, and to assess whether explanations generated for a single hostile aircraft were correct or incorrect in the second. The scenarios, which were designed to present real-world decision tasks, were developed through discussions with RAF aircrew. Low trust was found to have a negative impact on decision-making and situational awareness, with subjects in the low trust condition making fewer correct decisions and reporting lower levels of subjective situational awareness than subjects in the high trust condition. Decision-making with low trust was particularly impaired in the test only condition. Poorer memory for hostile aircraft was observed where explanations were provided, compared to the control condition, in which no explanations were provided. The inability of subjects to identify erroneous textural explanations suggested a lack of transparency in the textual explanations. These results are discussed with regard to the implications of the different display formats for decision-making and situational awareness with data- fused cockpit displays.
[Prevalence of CI-HHV-6 in patients with hematological diseases and healthy donors in Poland - preliminary study]. (2016)

of specific anti-HHV-6 antibodies in IgM and IgG classes and viral DNA. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was also used to determine viral load in alloHSCT recipients in plasma samples. Results: All individuals from studied group have not IgM antibodies against-HHV-6 prior transplantation. Specific IgG-class anti-HHV-6 antibodies were detected in 38 of 54 (70%) donors and in 47 of 54 recipients before HSCT (870/o), respectively. High load of HHV-6 DNA (>1x10A6 copies/ml) was detected in plasma samples taken only from one person (1,9%) of the 54 recipients. Conclusions: There is a high frequency specific anti-HHV-6 antibody in studied Polish patients; otherwise CI-HHV-6 was rare detected. Nonetheless, we urge careful observation of individuals with hematological malignances supposed to have CI-HHV-6. Further research on larger study group is needed to determine the clear role of CI-HHV-6 in alloHSCT recipients.
Perspectives of oncology nurses and oncologists regarding barriers to working with patients from a minority background: Systemic issues and working with interpreters (2017)

This study aimed to ascertain the systemic barriers encountered by oncology health professionals (HPs) working with patients from ethnic minorities to guide the development of a communication skills training programme. Twelve medical and five radiation oncologists and 21 oncology nurses were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Participants were interviewed individually or in a focus group about their experiences working with people from minority backgrounds. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. HPs encountered language and communication barriers in their interactions with patients and their families, which were perceived to impact negatively on the quality and amount of information and support provided. There was a shortage of, and poor processes for engaging, interpreters and some HPs were concerned about the accuracy of interpretation. HPs expressed a need for training in cultural awareness and communication skills with a preference for face-to-face delivery. A lack of funding, a culture of "learning on the job", and time constraints were systemic barriers to training. Oncologists and oncology nurses encounter complex challenges in clinical interactions with minority patients and their families, including difficulties working with interpreters. Formal training programmes targeted to the development of culturally competent communication skills are required.