gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addendum to "The Focus Number System" (1979)

In 1971 Kinsbury and Rayner, publishing under the title "Digital Filtering Using Logarithmic Arithmetic" [1] disclosed a sign-plus-logarithm number system, and a means of performing addition through single dimensional lookup using the formula c = b + F(a − b). The system was demonstrated on a computer. In 1975 Swartzlander and Alexopoulos disclosed Kinsbury's logarithmic arithmetic as "The Sign/Logarithm Number System" [2]. In 1977, without knowledge of prior art, we reinvented the wheel a third time, dubbing it "Focus," after the focus of resolution around the zero origin [3]. We wish now to acknowledge Kinsbury and Rayner as the pioneer authors, and also Swartzlander and Alexopoulos as prior to our publication.
A catalytically active fragment of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Occupation of its cGMP-binding sites does not affect its phosphotransferase activity (1987)

Treatment of cGMP-dependent protein kinase with low concentrations of trypsin generates an enzyme fragment of 65 kDa which is fully active in the absence of cGMP. The fragment has a s20,w value of 4.6 S indicating that the active fragment is a monomer of 65 kDa. Trypsin removes the first 77 amino acids which contain the aminoterminal dimerization site and the autophosphorylation sites. The Km and Vmax values of the fragment for ATP and Kemptide were essentially the same as those for the native enzyme. The fragment binds 2 mol cGMP/mol fragment with affinities close to that of the native enzyme. However, binding of cGMP to these sites was non-cooperative and shows similar characteristics to the autophosphorylated native enzyme. These results indicate that the aminoterminal dimerization site of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and the autophosphorylation site, present in this part, control not only the activation of the enzyme but also the cooperative binding characteristics of the intact enzyme.
<title>Three-dimensional interaction with autostereoscopic displays</title> (2004)

We describe new techniques for interactive input and manipulation of three-dimensional data using a motion tracking system combined with an autostereoscopic display. Users interact with the system by means of video cameras that track a light source or a user's hand motions in space. We process this 3D tracking data with OpenGL to create or manipulate objects in virtual space. We then synthesize two to nine images as seen by virtual cameras observing the objects and interlace them to drive the autostereoscopic display. The light source is tracked within a separate interaction space, so that users interact with images appearing both inside and outside the display. With some displays that use nine images inside a viewing zone (such as the SG 202 autostereoscopic display from StereoGraphics), user head tracking is not necessary because there is a built-in left right look-around capability. With such multi-view autostereoscopic displays, more than one user can see the interaction at the same time and more than one person can interact with the display.
Narrowing of spontaneous emission and lasing in lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals (2003)

Abstract The narrowing of spontaneous emission and lasing are reported for the first time for a dye-doped lyotropic liquid crystal consisting of a methylbenzylamine solution of polybenzylglutamate (PBLG). Lasing was also studied in twisted nematics based on cholesterol derivatives. PBLG produces a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) with selective reflection in the visible region at PBLG concentrations above 55%. A comparison is made of the narrowing of spontaneous emission and lasing in lyotropic vs. thermotropic liquid crystals. In both cases lasing occurs where the selective reflection band overlaps the dye emission band. Thermotropic liquid crystals show a much lower lasing threshold than lyotropic systems. The lasing mechanism and the role of disorder in both systems are discussed.
A hybrid clustering-based MAC Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2014)

One of the challenges for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is the safety messages could not be transmitted in a fast way. When exchanging messages between vehicles, there are some issues that must be addressed, including the high node mobility, unreliability of wireless channels and hidden terminal problem. A hybrid clustering-based MAC scheme for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks is proposed to overcome the lack of mobility to support channel utilization and network stability. Cluster heads are elected based on their motility factors in order to improve the stability of clusters. The proposed MAC protocol leverages contention-free and contention-based MAC scheme to support the requirement of safety messages. The numerical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed protocols in terms of low collision probability and low transmission delay.
A Multirotor-based Approach for Tap-testing Difficult-to-access Structures (2015)

Despite advances in structural health monitoring (SHM) technology, human-based inspections continue to remain dominate in practice when performing structural assessments. The reasons for this include the high costs associated with installing and maintaining current SHM, confidence decisions makers have in current SHM technology, and the familiarity the structural assessment community has with humanbased visual inspection. One of the major challenges and costs associated with human-based visual inspections is that structures are often difficult to access. They may be located high above waterways, thus requiring that an expensive crane or barge be rented to provide the inspectors a platform from which to conduct their inspection. In some cases inspectors may even need to rappel down the side of a structure in order to gain access, thus introducing additional safety concerns. Some research has been done to address these concerns by using emerging multirotor technology to facilitate visual structural inspections. Multirotors have shown great potential for maintaining state awareness of structures and construction sites, but one issue is that visual inspection is often hampered by mud, corrosion, vegetation, and other debris on the structure. A proper visual inspection often requires that this debris be removed. This limits the effectiveness of current multi-rotor based visual inspection technology. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for structural inspectors to enhance the quality of their inspection by using a conventional hammer to tap-test the structure of interest. The inspector will simply strike the structure and listen for differences in acoustic response that might indicate the presence of damage in structure. In this work we begin exploring the utility of adding a pneumatic hammer to a multi-rotor vehicle that can be used to facilitate structural inspections. The system features acoustic microphones and accelerometers that can be used to quantifiably document the results of the tap test. Perhaps more importantly though, this paradigm involves transmitting the acoustic response directly a remote structural inspector through earphones. The remote structural inspector can then use their expert judgment to select locations to perform additional tap tests. Furthermore, the pneumatic hammer could also be used to remove debris and corrosion from the structure in order to enhance visual inspection. One challenge associated with this technique is the need to remove acoustic noise caused by the multirotor propellers. Strategies for addressing this source of noise will be discussed. An additional question is how the dynamics of the multirotor will be affected when it is subjected to impact loads from the pneumatic hammers. The results of experimental tests will demonstrate the effect of the hammer impulse on the multicopter’s dynamics. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/119
Abstract 2620: Contribution of risk variant in miR-125b binding site of BMPR1B in women of African ancestry with breast cancer (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs play a fundamental role in gene regulation by selective binding to the 3′ UTR of specific mRNAs. Dysregulation of this post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, in turn, has emerged to be an important process in cancer etiology. Recently a particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at mir-125b binding locus of BMPR1B, rs1434536, was reported as significant risk factor for breast cancer pathogenesis in Caucasians. The BMPR1B gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The C/T allelic variation within the target site disrupts the regulation of miR-125b, whereby increased BMPR1B expression ultimately elevates disease risk. To validate whether rs1434536 also contributes to breast cancer risk in women of African ancestry, we performed a case-control study of 805 breast cancer cases (422 African Americans (AA) and 383 Nigerians (NG)) and 786 controls (402 AA and 384 NG). The average age (±SD) was 46.9 ± 11.9 years for cases and 45.1 ± 12.4 years for controls. Genotyping was conducted using polymerace chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) suggested that there was no deviation from HWE (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in AA, or NG. Pearson's chi-squared tests showed that this SNP was significantly associated with breast cancer in AA (p=0.03) but not in NG (p=0.96). After adjusting for age in the logistic regression, we found the heterozygous genotype CT was associated with nearly 30% lower odds of breast cancer compared to CC genotype (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99; p=0.04) in AA. In the pooled analysis adjusting for both age and sites, the CT genotype was not statistically significant (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.68-1.06; p=0.15). The common allele T (allele frequency = 0.60) was the risk allele in the previous study conducted in Caucasians, whereas the T allele was the minor allele in subjects of African descent (allele frequency = 0.129 in NG and = 0.232 in AA). In conclusion, our preliminary study found the T allele to have a trend for a protective effect in AA, which is disagreement with the observation made in the original study. Thus, this study indicates the need for replication studies in diverse populations to validate whether rs1434536 is a risk variant for specific subtypes of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2620. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2620
Investigating the in vivo biodistribution of extracellular vesicles isolated from various human cell sources using positron emission tomography (2021)

Abstract Noninvasive imaging is a powerful tool for understanding the in vivo behavior of drug delivery systems and successfully translating promising platforms into the clinic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized vesicles with a lipid bilayer produced by nearly all cell types, are emerging platforms for drug delivery. To date, the biodistribution of EVs has been insufficiently investigated, particularly using nuclear imaging-based modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we developed positron-emitting radiotracers to investigate the biodistribution of EVs isolated from various human cell sources using PET imaging. Chelator conjugation did not impact EVs size and subsequent radiolabeling was found to be highly efficient and stable with Zr-89 (t 1/2 = 78.4 h). In vivo tracking of EVs isolated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs EVs), primary human macrophages (Mϕ EVs), and a melanoma cell line (A375 EVs) were performed in immunocompetent ICR mice. Imaging studies revealed excellent in vivo circulation for all EVs, with a half-life of approximately 12 h. Significantly higher liver uptake was observed for Mϕ EVs, evidencing the tissue tropism of EV and highlighting the importance of carefully choosing EVs cell sources for drug delivery applications. Conversely, the liver, spleen, and lung uptake of the BMSC EVs and A375 EVs was relatively low. We also investigated the impact of immunodeficiency on the biodistribution of BMSC EVs using NSG mice. The spleen uptake drastically increased in NSG mice, which could confound results of therapeutic studies employing this mouse models. Lastly, PET imaging studies in a melanoma tumor model demonstrated efficient tumor uptake of BMSC EVs following intravenous injection. Overall, these imaging studies evidenced the potential of EVs as carriers to treat a variety of diseases, such as cancer or in regenerative medicine applications, and the necessity to understand EVs tropism to optimize their therapeutic deployment.
Bis(phenyliodonium) diyne triflates PhIC.tplbond.C(p-C6H4)nC.tplbond.CIPh.cntdot.20Tf and PhIC.tplbond.C(CH2)nC.tplbond.CIPh.cntdot.20Tf: preparation, characterization, and reaction with triphenylphosphine (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(phenyliodonium) diyne triflates PhIC.tplbond.C(p-C6H4)nC.tplbond.CIPh.cntdot.20Tf and PhIC.tplbond.C(CH2)nC.tplbond.CIPh.cntdot.20Tf: preparation, characterization, and reaction with triphenylphosphinePeter J. Stang, Rik Tykwinski, and Viktor V. ZhdankinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6, 1861–1864Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00032a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00032a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Clause learning, resolution space, & pebbling (2008)

Currently, the most effective complete SAT solvers are based on the DPLL algorithm augmented by Clause Learning. These solvers can handle many real-world problems from application areas like verification, diagnosis, planning, and design. Clause Learning works by storing previously computed, intermediate results and then reusing them to prune the future search tree. Without Clause Learning, however, DPLL loses most of its effectiveness on real world problems. Recently there has been some work on obtaining a deeper understanding of the technique of Clause Learning. In this thesis, we contribute to the understanding of Clause Learning, and the Resolution proof system that underlies it, in a number of ways. 
We characterize Clause Learning as a new, intuitive Resolution refinement which we call CL. We then show that CL proofs can effectively p-simulate general Resolution. Furthermore, this result holds even for the more restrictive class of greedy, unit propagating CL proofs, which more accurately characterize Clause Learning as it is used in practice. This result is surprising and indicates that Clause Learning is significantly more powerful than was previously known. 
Since Clause Learning makes use of previously derived clauses, it motivates the study of Resolution space. We contribute to this area of study by proving that determining the variable space of a Resolution derivation is PSPACE-complete. The reduction also yields a surprising exponential size/space trade-off for Resolution in which an increase of just 3 units of variable space results in an exponential decrease in proofsize. This result runs counter to the intuitions of many in the SAT-solving community who have generally believed that proof-size should decrease smoothly as available space increases. 
In order to prove these Resolution results, we need to make use of some intuition regarding the relationship between Black-White Pebbling and Resolution. In fact, determining the complexity of Resolution variable space required us to first prove that Black-White Pebbling is PSPACE-complete. The complexity of the Black-White Pebbling Game has remained an open problem for 30 years and resisted numerous attempts to solve it. Its solution is the primary contribution of this thesis.
Model for Managing Resistance to Fenvalerate in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1986)

Evolution of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was simulated by a computer model. Predictions from the model agree with data documenting development of diamondback moth resistance to fenvalerate in Ban-chau, Taiwan, in <4 years. Sensitivity analyses varying fecundity (4-fold), initial R gene frequency (10,000-fold), initial population density (100-fold), and percentage of larvae escaping insecticide exposure (0–20%) resulted in predicted times for resistance development under Ban-chau conditions ranging from <1–4 years. Simulations of 15 management strategies suggest that under tropical conditions, spray frequency must be less than two per cabbage cycle or spray concentration less than the LC75 of susceptible larvae to substantially delay resistance development. Adoption of alternative tactics for management of the diamondback moth is strongly urged.
Furnaces, Fuel‐Fired (2000)

Abstract A furnace is a device (enclosure) for generating controlled heat with the objective of performing work. In fossil‐fuel furnaces, the work application may be direct (eg, rotary kilns) or indirect (eg, plants for electric power generation). The furnace chamber is either cooled (waterwall enclosure) or not cooled (refractory lining). Furnaces related to metallurgy such as blast furnaces are excluded. Fuel‐fired furnaces primarily utilize carbonaceous or hydrocarbon fuels. Since the purpose of a furnace is to generate heat for some useful application, flame temperature and heat transfer are important aspects of furnace design. Industrial furnaces are an order of magnitude smaller than power‐plant furnaces since the applications are usually on an individual basis rather than feeding power to a regional electric grid. Like the power‐plant furnace, the function of the industrial furnace usually is to generate steam, generally for a chemical process, mechanical power, or heating application, rather than electric power generation. New furnace concepts in evolutionary stages include fluidized‐bed furnaces, coal gasification furnaces, and MHD furnaces. Fluidized‐bed combustion has reached commercial‐scale operations.
Analysis of capacitance spread reduction techniques for 50‐Hz switched‐capacitor notch filters (2020)

Summary This paper presents an overview of design techniques to reduce the capacitance spread of SC notch filters. Three of these techniques are used in the design of a 50‐Hz notch filter, intended for an internet of things (IoT) water management sensor node. In this application, due to the high sampling frequency required by the acquisition channel's ADC, the filter's F s / f p ratio becomes excessively large, resulting in a capacitance spread of 3225.8, if a conventional SC implementation is used. Using charge division networks, with up to seven share/reset cycles, the filter's capacitance spread is reduced by a factor 12.9 and the total capacitance by 5.9, and a total power dissipation of approximately 262 μ W, for a supply voltage of 0.9 V. Using capacitive T‐cell networks, the filter's capacitance spread is reduced by a factor 40.5 and the total capacitance by 14.2. Using partial charge transfer networks, the filter's capacitance spread is improved by a factor 41.6, and the total capacitance by 10.0. The filter's total power consumption, using the last two techniques, is approximately 11 μ W.
Supplemental Tables 1-3 from Response and Resistance to Paradox-Breaking BRAF Inhibitor in Melanomas <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>Ex Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1: Patient data and treatment history Supplemental Table 2: PBRT #15 Ion Torrent results Supplemental Table 3: PBRT #16 Ion Torrent results&lt;/p&gt;
Photofuel cell comprising titanium oxide and bismuth oxychloride (BiO1−xCl1−y) photocatalysts that uses acidic water as a fuel (2015)

The combination of n-type TiO<sub>2</sub> and p-type BiOCl photooxidizing water and photoreducing the formed O<sub>2</sub> back to water, respectively, in acidic solution enabled a sustainable photofuel cell utilizing natural light.
Utilization of biochar impregnated with anaerobically digested slurry as slow‐release fertilizer (2013)

Abstract We examined the possibility of an environment‐friendly slow‐release fertilizer (SRF) made of biochar impregnated by anaerobically digested slurry. The biochar materials were produced from three types of feedstocks (orange peel, residual wood, water‐treatment sludge) at different temperatures of 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C via pyrolysis. The release behaviors of the water‐soluble K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ were similar for all impregnated biochars and the commercial SRF used. The water‐retention capacity was greatly improved by mixing the biochar‐SRF with the soil. The yield of lettuce was lower for the biochar‐SRF applications of 3.7 to 34.2 t ha –1 than for the commercial SRF application of 51.4 t ha –1 . This might be due to excessive increase of soil pH for the biochar‐SRF application. Based on these results, the authors concluded that the biochar impregnated with nutrients could become an effective slow‐release K + fertilizer.
Postmenopausal HRT is not independent risk factor for dural sinus thrombosis (2004)

While a dural sinus thrombosis (DST), is a well-known consequence of the use of oral contraceptives, the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in DST was not previously evaluated. We report two postmenopausal women, presenting with DST under HRT. Antiphospholipid antibodies in one case and borderline protein S deficiency in another were diagnosed. Only five cases of DST under HRT were previously reported and in two of them additional prothrombotic risk factors were found. According to these and previous cases, HRT is not an independent risk factor for DST.
Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Clival Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma (2008)

The use of nasoendoscopy to perform clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma surgery is not limited to merely the minimally invasive aspects. It provides better visualization of the deeper anatomical structures in the skull base and affords a means to 'look around corners'. This approach promises a simple and rapid access to the clivus. It is both a safe and efficient procedure.
Carbon dioxide laser vaporization for Bowen's disease of the finger (1994)

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 57-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of a crusting area on the left index finger. He was right handed and used the right hand to hold cigarettes. He had no history of arsenic ingestion or grenz ray treatments but had significant amounts of sun exposure. The area was not previously treated. An erythematous scaling plaque with sharply defined borders covered the dorsum of the left index finger and extended around to the palmar aspect of the digit. It also involved a portion of the web space between the first and second fingers. The dorsal and palmar surfaces of the digit were involved from a point 10 mm distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint to the base of the digit. However, a portion of the lateral aspect of the ir was spared. The plaque was 3.4×2.1 cm in diameter and had heaped up central crusting