gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Empirical Determination Of Processing Parameters For A Real Time Two-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) Video Bandwidth Compression System</title> (1980)

An interactive process is described for fine tuning a specific algorithm for use in a real time video bandwidth compression system. Parameters for the algorithm are initially optimized using computer simulation, then implemented in hardware to observe performance. The next step is the modification of the parameters to improve the real time performance of the system. This paper describes some of the algorithm parameter choices that were made in the implementation of a two-dimensional discrete cosine transform processor for the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratory. Examples are shown of alternate choices for DCT scaling strategies, filter functions, and bit assignment procedures. The impact of these parameter selections on the resulting imagery is included using both simulation and hardware outputs.
Expressão Recombinante do Peptídeo Antimicrobiano e Quelante de Cobre Microplusina, Contendo Modificações em suas Extremidades Amino- e Carboxi-terminais (2015)

A microplusina é um peptídeo antimicrobiano quelante de cobre e ferro ativo contra bactérias Gram-positivas e fungos. Também possui atividade pró-inflamatória contra macrófagos murinos. Estudos indicam que sua atividade antimicrobiana está relacionada à remoção do cobre do meio de cultura e que a depleção deste metal pode afetar importantes enzimas cobre-dependentes do metabolismo microbiano. Sua sequência primária é rica em histidinas, que junto com outros resíduos de aminoácidos, podem estar envolvidos na formação de seu sítio quelante de cobre. Estudos sobre a relação entre estrutura e atividade da microplusina tornam-se essenciais, a fim de se explorar o seu potencial terapêutico. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar a expressão recombinante de uma variante da microplusina, contendo remoção de aminoácidos, incluindo as histidinas presentes nas suas regiões amino- e carboxi-terminais. O gene da variante da microplusina foi inserido no vetor de expressão pRSET A, utilizando-se as enzimas de restrição BamHI e EcoRI. A expressão foi realizada através da transformação de bactérias E. coli BL-21 com o plasmídeo recombinante, utilizando-se IPTG (0,8 mM) como agente indutor. Foram avaliados três protocolos (P1: Expressão em E. coli BL-21 DE3, a 37°C, densidade celular inicial (DO600) entre 0,4 - 0,6 e 5 horas de indução; P2: E. coli BL-21 DE3, DO600 ~1, a 24°C, 16 horas de indução; P3: similar a P1, porém utilizando-se E.coli BL-21 (DE3) pLysS). A expressão da molécula foi avaliada por SDS-PAGE 16%. Entre os três protocolos testados, P1 foi o que apresentou expressão mais satisfatória do peptídeo e sua expressão foi detectada nas frações solúvel e insolúvel. Quanto a P2 e P3, não foi observada melhora no padrão de expressão. P1 apresentou-se como o melhor protocolo para expressão da variante da microplusina e será adotado para os próximos experimentos.
Film drainage and coalescence between deformable drops and bubbles (2010)

The interaction between deformable drops or bubbles encompasses a number of distinguishing characteristics not present in the interaction between solid bodies. The drops can entrap a thin liquid film of the continuous phase that can lead to a stable film or coalescence. But before leading to either of these outcomes, the film must drain under the influence of an external driving force. This drainage process exhibits all the characteristic features of dynamic interactions between soft materials. For example, the spatial and temporal variations of forces and geometric deformations, arising from hydrodynamic flow, surface forces and variations in material properties, are all inextricably interconnected. Recent measurements of time-varying deformations and forces between interacting drops and bubbles confirmed that dynamic forces and geometric deformations are coupled and provide the key to understand novel phenomena such as the “wimple” in mechanically perturbed films. The counter-intuitive phenomenon of coalescence triggered by separating proximal drops or bubbles can also be elucidated using the same theoretical framework. One approach to modelling such systems is to use a fluid mechanics formulation of two-phase flow for which a number of parametric numerical studies have been made. Another popular approach focuses on describing the thin film between the interacting drops or bubbles with a flat film model upon which a phenomenological film drainage and rupture mechanism has been developed. While both models have a similar genesis, their predictions of the fate of the draining film are quite different. Furthermore, there have been few quantitative comparisons between results obtained from many different experimental approaches with either theory. One reason for this is perhaps due to difficulties in matching experimental parameters to model conditions. A direct attempt to model dynamic behaviour in many experimental studies is challenging as the model needs to be able to describe phenomena spanning six orders of magnitude in length scales. However, with the recent availability of accurate experimental studies concerning dynamic interaction between drops and bubbles that use very different, but complementary approaches, it is timely to conduct a critical review to compare such results with long-accepted paradigms of film stability and coalescence. This topic involves the coupling of behaviour on the millimetre–micrometre scale familiar to readers with an engineering and fluid mechanics background to phenomena on the micrometre–nanometre scale that is the domain of the interfacial science and nanotechnology community.
Multigenerational case examples of hypophosphatasia: Challenges in genetic counseling and disease management (2020)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited metabolic condition caused by pathogenic mutations in the <i>ALPL</i> gene. This leads to deficiency of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), resulting in decreased mineralization of the bones and/or teeth and multi-systemic complications. Inheritance may be autosomal dominant or recessive, and the phenotypic spectrum, including age of onset, varies widely. We present four families demonstrating both modes of inheritance of HPP and phenotypic variability and discuss the resultant challenges in disease management, genetic counseling, and risk assessment. Failure to consider different modes of inheritance in a family with HPP may lead to an inaccurate risk assessment upon which medical and reproductive decisions may be made. We highlight the essential role of high-quality genetic counseling and meaningful biochemical and molecular testing strategies in the evaluation and management of families with HPP.
Radio propagation measurements and prediction using three-dimensional ray tracing in urban environments at 908 MHz and 1.9 GHz (1999)

There is an explosive growth in the market of wireless communications services in urban areas. New regulatory environments as well as competition in the communications industry require that these systems be deployed quickly and at low cost. Computer-based radio propagation prediction tools are strong candidates for this goal. We introduce an outdoor radio propagation prediction tool using a ray tracing technique in two dimensions (2-D) and three dimensions (3-D). We have compared the predicted and measured results in various propagation environments. Comparisons indicate that 2-D is adequate for a low transmitter while 3-D is recommended for a high transmitter whose height is comparable with or higher than surrounding buildings. In most locations, the computer tool predicts the correct propagation loss with a mean error of less than 7 dB and a standard deviation of less than 8 dB.
Epitope analysis of the major reactive region of the 100‐kd protein of PM‐Scl autoantigen (1996)

The main immunoblot epitope of the PM-Scl 100-kd protein is within a central area of 21 aa (aa 226-246), but is longer than the usual linear epitope. This peptide may be useful in patient testing. Three minor epitopes in S1 may also be recognized by some sera.
Les antagonistes du GnRH en FIV (2008)

Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction - Vol. 30 - N° 7 - p. 657-662
VEGETATION AND POPULATION DENSITY IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AREAS IN THE U.S.A (2002)

Reflectance characteristics of human settlements influence energy fluxes in the physical environment as well as our ability to monitor urban growth with satellite-based sensors. Spectral heterogeneity at the scales of 10 to 30 meters complicate the traditional land cover classifications derived from moderate resolution satellite imagery in urban and suburban areas. In this study we consider population density and vegetation abundance as the principal demographic and physical characteristics in urban and suburban areas of the U.S.A. We investigate their relationship in the cities of Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Phoenix and Seattle and compare the results with the USGS National Land Cover Dataset’s urban classes. The multimodal population density distribution of the U.S.A. implies that it is possible to characterize suburban areas as those with population densities between 100 and 10,000 people/km, with rural areas at densities below 100 people/km and urban areas at densities above 10,000 people/km. We find that maximum vegetation fraction diminishes with increasing population density over the full range of densities, but the spectral heterogeneity at pixel scales still results in a wide range of vegetation fractions in demographically urban and suburban areas. The resolution difference between census units and the Landsat sensor’s field of view does not allow for a pixel scale spectral characterization of suburban land cover that is consistent with population density. A classification scheme based on spectral heterogeneity at multiple pixel scales, supplemented by auxiliary data sources, may provide a more accurate way to analyze urban growth.
In vitro corrosion resistance of a Ta2O5 nanofilm on MAO coated magnesium alloy AZ31 by atomic layer deposition (2020)

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating with outstanding adhesion strength to Mg alloys has attracted more and more attention. However, owing to the porous structure, aggressive ions easily invaded the MAO/substrate interface through the through pores, limiting long-term corrosion resistance. Therefore, a dense and biocompatible tantalum oxide (Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) nanofilm was deposited on MAO coated Mg alloy AZ31 through atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to seal the micropores and regulate the degradation rate. Surface micrography, chemical compositions and crystallographic structure were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. The corrosion resistance of all samples was evaluated through electrochemical and hydrogen evolution tests. Results revealed that the Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> film mainly existed in the form of amorphousness. Moreover, uniform deposition of Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> film and effective sealing of micropores and microcracks in MAO coating were achieved. The current density (<i>i</i> <sub>corr</sub>) of the composite coating decreased three orders of magnitude than that of the substrate and MAO coating, improving corrosion resistance. Besides, the formation and corrosion resistance mechanisms of the composite coating were proposed.
357 (2013)

Introduction: Breathing asynchrony events during NIV include ineffective efforts, double triggering, auto-triggering, and other pre- and post-cycling asynchronies (1,2). In some situations, breathing asynchrony events can overly load the inspiratory muscles predisposing to increased work of breathing and compromised alveolar ventilation and arterial blood-gas exchange (3). We hypothesized that a computer-based breathing asynchrony algorithm may be useful for providing continuous and automatic surveillance of breathing during NIV for real time monitoring and to alert clinicians when breathing asynchrony occurs. To validate this algorithm we conducted a clinical study. Methods: With IRB approval, adults with respiratory failure and receiving NIV were studied (n= 10). Facemask pressure (Pm), flow rate, and tidal volume recordings of each patient’s breathing for approximately one minute were examined by experienced, expert critical care clinicians (n = 8) for breathing asynchrony. Using their clinical judgment, clinicians evaluated a total of 88 breathing segments and scored each segment using the following rank order scale: 1 to 1.5 = No breathing asynchrony, 2 to 2.5 = Minor breathing asynchrony, 3 to 3.5 = Moderate breathing asynchrony, and 4 to 4.5 = Severe breathing asynchrony. The breathing asynchrony algorithm, employing respiratory parameters previously determined from multiple regression analysis that were found to be significant predictors of breathing asynchrony used to derive the same rank order score. The relationship of clinician and breathing asynchrony algorithm scores were compared using a Spearman rho test; alpha was set at 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: Inspiratory positive airway pressure, expiratory positive airway pressure, and FIO2 values were 13 ± 5 cm H2O, 8 ± 4 cm H2O, and 0.38 ± 0.04, respectively. The relationship of clinician and breathing asynchrony algorithm scores was: r = 0.93 (p < 0.05) and r2 = 0.86, bias and precision values were 0 and 1.8, respectively. Conclusions: The computer-based breathing asynchrony algorithm predicted or explained 86% of the variance in the clinicians’ scores for diagnosing breathing synchrony and asynchrony. It was found to significantly predict the visual assessment of breathing asynchrony of experienced critical care clinicians to provide a valid assessment of breathing asynchrony during NIV. 1. Crit Care 2013, 17: R54; 2. Resp Care 2011, 56: 153; 3. Crit Care 2013, 17:157
Enzymatic Synthesis of D(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin (1971)

In order to search for microorganisms able to synthesize D(-)-α-aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin) from 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), experiments were undertaken to screen out organisms possessing potent penicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11). From numerous bacteria, Actinomycetes, Yeasts and Basidiomycetes, we selected as acylase producers Pseudomonas crusiviae, Kluyvera citrophila, Streptomyces ambofaciens, and Nocardia globerula. The latter also could form the enzyme on a n-paraffin medium. Among these, K. citrophila KY 3641 was a most promising organism for ampicillin biosynthesis from 6-APA. Approximately 10mg/ml of 6-APA were formed from penicillin G in about 90% yield by use of its intact cells.
Concurrent object-oriented programming on .NET (2003)

The SCOOP model (Simple concurrent object-oriented programming) offers a comprehensive approach to building high-quality concurrent and distributed systems. The model takes advantage of the inherent concurrency implicit in object-oriented programming to provide programmers with a simple extension enabling them to produce concurrent applications with little more effort than sequential ones. In the paper, the authors discuss the basic concepts of the model, such as processors and separate objects. They also present SCOOPLI, a library implementation of SCOOP for the .NET platform. They show how SCOOP concepts are mapped to .NET constructs, and discuss distributed programming with SCOOPLI, with a focus on .NET Remoting capabilities.
Conotoxin Φ‐MiXXVIIA from the Superfamily G2 Employs a Novel Cysteine Framework that Mimics Granulin and Displays Anti‐Apoptotic Activity (2017)

Conotoxins are a large family of disulfide-rich peptides that contain unique cysteine frameworks that target a broad range of ion channels and receptors. We recently discovered the 33-residue conotoxin Φ-MiXXVIIA from Conus miles with a novel cysteine framework comprising three consecutive cysteine residues and four disulfide bonds. Regioselective chemical synthesis helped decipher the disulfide bond connectivity and the structure of Φ-MiXXVIIA was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The 3D structure displays a unique topology containing two β-hairpins that resemble the N-terminal domain of granulin. Similar to granulin, Φ-MiXXVIIA promotes cell proliferation (EC<sub>50</sub> 17.85 μm) while inhibiting apoptosis (EC<sub>50</sub> 2.2 μm). Additional framework XXVII sequences were discovered with homologous signal peptides that define the new conotoxin superfamily G2. The novel structure and biological activity of Φ-MiXXVIIA expands the repertoire of disulfide-rich conotoxins that recognize mammalian receptors.
The crystal structure of calcium glutarate monohydrate (1995)

Abstract The crystal structure of calcium glutarate monohydrate, Ca(C 5 H 6 O 4 ) · H 2 O, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals 1 are orthorhombic with a = 6.805(1) Å, b = 18.486(2) Å, c = 5.884(1) Å, space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z = 4, V = 740.1 (2) Å 3 , d m = 1.69, and d c = 1.688 Mg m −3 . The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to R = 0.019, R w = 0.026, for 1198 reflections with I ≥ 3 σ ( I ). The absolute configuration was determined. Ca is coordinated to seven oxygen atoms and the coordination polyhedron is best described as pentagonal bipyramid. One carboxylate group of the glutarate ion is bonded to three different Ca ions, forming a four-membered chelate ring with one Ca ion and unidentate bridge bonds to two other Ca ions. The other carboxylate group links to two Ca ions through unidentate bonds. The Ca-glutarate chains are packed approximately parallel to the b -axis, with the hydrocarbon chains sandwiched between the polar regions consisting of the Ca and carboxylate ions and water molecules.
Deep Learning with Energy-efficient Binary Gradient Cameras (2016)

Power consumption is a critical factor for the deployment of embedded computer vision systems. We explore the use of computational cameras that directly output binary gradient images to reduce the portion of the power consumption allocated to image sensing. We survey the accuracy of binary gradient cameras on a number of computer vision tasks using deep learning. These include object recognition, head pose regression, face detection, and gesture recognition. We show that, for certain applications, accuracy can be on par or even better than what can be achieved on traditional images. We are also the first to recover intensity information from binary spatial gradient images--useful for applications with a human observer in the loop, such as surveillance. Our results, which we validate with a prototype binary gradient camera, point to the potential of gradient-based computer vision systems.
Quality control of mitochondrial protein synthesis is required for membrane integrity and cell fitness (2015)

Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize a subset of hydrophobic proteins required for assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. This process requires temporal and spatial coordination and regulation, so quality control of mitochondrial protein synthesis is paramount to maintain proteostasis. We show how impaired turnover of de novo mitochondrial proteins leads to aberrant protein accumulation in the mitochondrial inner membrane. This creates a stress in the inner membrane that progressively dissipates the mitochondrial membrane potential, which in turn stalls mitochondrial protein synthesis and fragments the mitochondrial network. The mitochondrial m-AAA protease subunit AFG3L2 is critical to this surveillance mechanism that we propose acts as a sensor to couple the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins with organelle fitness, thus ensuring coordinated assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes from two sets of ribosomes.
Classifying the estrogen receptor status of breast cancers by expression profiles reveals a poor prognosis subpopulation exhibiting high expression of the ERBB2 receptor (2003)

Recent work using expression profiling to computationally predict the estrogen receptor (ER) status of breast tumors has revealed that certain tumors are characterized by a high prediction uncertainty ('low-confidence'). We analyzed these 'low-confidence' tumors and determined that their 'uncertain' prediction status arises as a result of widespread perturbations in multiple genes whose expression is important for ER subtype discrimination. Patients with 'low-confidence' ER+ tumors exhibited a significantly worse overall survival (P=0.03) and shorter time to distant metastasis (P=0.004) compared with their 'high-confidence' ER+ counterparts, indicating that the 'high-' and 'low-confidence' binary distinction is clinically meaningful. We then discovered that elevated expression of the ERBB2 receptor is significantly correlated with a breast tumor exhibiting a 'low-confidence' prediction, and this association was subsequently validated across multiple independently derived breast cancer expression datasets employing a variety of different array technologies and patient populations. Although ERBB2 signaling has been proposed to inhibit the transcriptional activity of ER, a large proportion of the perturbed genes in the 'low-confidence'/ERBB2+ samples are not known to be estrogen responsive, and a recently described bioinformatic algorithm (DEREF) was used to demonstrate the absence of potential estrogen-response elements (EREs) in their promoters. We propose that a significant portion of ERBB2's effects on ER+ breast tumors may involve ER-independent mechanisms of gene activation, which may contribute to the clinically aggressive behavior of the 'low-confidence' breast tumor subtype.
Nonlinear and extra-classical receptive field properties and the statistics of natural scenes (2001)

The neural mechanisms of early vision can be explained in terms of an information-theoretic optimization of the neural processing with respect to the statistical properties of the natural environment. Recent applications of this approach have been successful in the prediction of the linear filtering properties of ganglion cells and simple cells, but the relations between the environmental statistics and cortical nonlinearities, like those of end-stopped or complex cells, are not yet fully understood. Here we present extensions of our previous investigations of the exploitation of higher-order statistics by nonlinear neurons. We use multivariate wavelet statistics to demonstrate that a strictly linear processing would inevitably leave substantial statistical dependencies between the outputs of the units. We then consider how the basic nonlinearities of cortical neurons - gain control and ON/OFF half-wave rectification - can exploit these higher-order statistical dependencies. We first show that gain control provides an adaptation to the polar separability of the multivariate probability density function (PDF), and, together with an output nonlinearity, enables an overcomplete sparse coding. We then consider how the remaining higher-order dependencies between different units can be exploited by a combination of basic ON/OFF point nonlinearities and subsequent weighted linear combinations. We consider two statistical optimization schemes for the computation of the optimal weights: principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). Since the intermediate nonlinearities transform some of the higher-order dependencies into second-order dependencies even the basic PCA approach is able to exploit part of the redundancies. ICA ignores this second-order structure, but can exploit higher-order dependencies. Both schemes yield a variety of nonlinear units which comprise the typical nonlinear processing properties, such as end-stopping, side-stopping, complex-cell properties and extra-classical receptive field properties, but the `ideal' complex cells seem only to occur with PCA. Thus, a combination of ON/OFF nonlinearities with an integrated PCA-ICA strategy seems necessary to exploit the statistical properties of natural images.