gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As PIN photodiode grown by MOVPE on a semi-insulating InP substrate for monolithic integration (1987)

A substrate-entry PIN photodiode has been constructed using In0.53Ga0.47As grown on a semi-insulating InP substrate by MOVPE. This device shows low dark current (200 pA) and low capacitance (95 fF), with large remote bondpads. This device is suitable for monolithic integration with electronic devices.
Reliability of air-gap Cu interconnect and approach to selective W sealing using 90nm node technology (2004)

4 levels of Cu/air-gap interconnects were successfully fabricated and the reliability of the air-gap interconnects using ArF/90nm node technology was investigated. There are distinguished improvements of leakage current and TDDB characteristics by the application of air-gap interconnects. In addition, an air-gap interconnect is improved with a selective W sealing process . This results in drastic reduction of capacitance and effective dielectric constant.
Synthesis, secretion and biological actions of the glucagon-like peptides (2000)

Glucagon-like peptides-1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are co-encoded along with glucagon in a single mammalian proglucagon gene that is expressed in islets and enteroendocrine L cells of the small and large intestine. Both peptides are liberated following cleavage by prohormone convertase 1/3 and secreted from the intestine following nutrient ingestion. A key determinant of GLP-1 and GLP-2 bioactivity is the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, which inactivates both peptides by cleavage at the position-2 alanine. GLP-1 regulates blood glucose via actions on gastric emptying and islet hormones, including the regulation of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion. GLP-1 action is essential for beta-cell function, because the disruption of GLP-1 signaling results in reduced insulin secretion, decreased islet cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and abnormal intracellular calcium oscillations. GLP-1 also decreases appetite and induces satiety in human subjects, and inhibits food intake in rodents following intracerebroventricular administration. GLP-2 does not appear to directly regulate blood glucose, but contributes to nutrient assimilation via trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa. GLP-2 also decreases apoptosis in the crypts and villi, reduces intestinal epithelial permeability, and promotes intestinal glucose transport. The actions of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in experimental models of diabetes or intestinal injury, respectively, suggest that GLP-1 may be useful for the treatment of human diabetes, whereas GLP-2 may be of therapeutic benefit in patients with intestinal injury and compromised nutrient assimilation.
ChemInform Abstract: ER‐SPEKTROSKOPIE UND STRUKTUR‐ UND KONFORMATIONSPROBLEME 17. MITT. SEMIDIONRADIKALANIONEN VON INDANDION‐(2,3), CUMARANDION‐(2,3), THIANAPHTHENCHINON, ISATINEN, NITROXIDRADIKALE VON INDOLDERIVATEN (1970)

Abstract Die Dione (I) können mit dem Anion (II) in DMSO zu den Semidionen (III) reduziert werden.
Detection of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in somatostatin-producing cells of human and murine stomach and pancreas. (1996)

The aim of this study was to identify by immunocytochemistry the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in human and murine gastric epithelium. Using two different antisera specific for neuronal NOS (nNOS), we detected nNOS immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the epithelium of the body and pyloric regions as well as in ganglion cells of the intrinsic plexi of the stomach of the three species studied. Both immunocytochemistry of contiguous sections and double immunolabeling methods showed that the nNOS-immunoreactive cells were also immunoreactive for somatostatin. Co-localization of nNOS and somatostatin has also been found in the pancreatic islets, where strong nNOS immunoreactivity appeared in scattered cells, which were peripheral in rat and mouse islets and more randomly distributed in human. The possibility of crossreactivity between the antisera against nNOS and somatostatin was ruled out by means of absorption controls. Immunocytochemical techniques were also applied to thin sections, confirming the immunostaining of gastric D-cells, which was restricted principally to the secretory granules. The possible functional implications of these findings for gastric and pancreatic physiology are discussed.
Reduced Mode Diodes for Increasing Laser Brightness (2014)

We report on two-times narrower slow-axis divergence of 9xx nm broad area diode lasers resulting from reduction in allowed lateral modes. This enabled use of larger aperture broad area lasers to achieve 30% higher brightness.
Low-Profile Broadband Vertically Polarized Microstrip Magnetic Dipole Antenna With Endfire Radiation (2021)

A low-profile broadband vertically polarized microstrip magnetic dipole antenna with endfire radiation is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. For the bandwidth enhancement, a lower resonance is introduced by the parasitic patches firstly. Then, a top-loaded circular probe and an inset proximity-coupled feed structure are employed for adjusting the resonances from the magnetic dipole antenna and the parasitic patches. In this way, a broad impedance bandwidth is attained. After that, a 1 × 4 antenna array prototype is designed, fabricated and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed array features an impedance bandwidth wider than 19% at 28 GHz mmWave frequency band under an ultralow-profile of 0.075 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at the center frequency.
The Intricacies of User Adjustments of Alerting Thresholds (2017)

System designers must consider the difficulties users face and analyze them explicitly when deciding on user involvement in processes.
Highly Purified Thermo-Stable Oxygen-Evolving Photosystem II Core Complex from the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus Having His-Tagged CP43 (1999)

The carboxyl terminus of the CP43 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) in the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus, was genetically tagged with six consecutive histidine residues to create a metal binding site on the PSII supramolecular complex. The histidine-tagging enabled rapid isolation of an intact cyanobacterial PSII core complex from dodecyl maltoside-solubilized thylakoids by a simple one-step Ni(2+)-affinity column chromatography. The isolated core complex was in a dimeric form with a molecular mass of about 580 kDa, consisting of five major intrinsic membrane proteins (CP47, CP43, D1, D2 and cytochrome b-559), three extrinsic proteins (33 kDa, 12 kDa, and cytochrome c-550), and a few low molecular mass membrane proteins, and evolved oxygen at a rate as high as 3,400 mumol (mg Chl)-1 h-1 at 45 degrees C with ferricyanide as an electron acceptor. The core complex emitted thermoluminescence B2-, B1- and Q-bands arising from S2QB-, S3QB- and S2QA- charge recombinations at respective emission temperatures of 45, 38 and 20 degrees C, all of which were higher by about 15 degrees C as compared with those in mesophilic spinach BBY membranes. These results indicated that the isolated core complex well retained the intact properties of thermoluminescence of thermophilic cyanobacterial cells, the deeper stabilization of PSII charge pairs. The isolated complex was extremely stable in terms of both protein composition and function, exhibiting no release of extrinsic proteins, no proteolytic degradation in any of its subunits, accompanied by only a slight (less than 10%) loss in oxygen evolution, after dark-incubation at 20 degrees C for 8 d. These properties of the thermophilic PSII core complex are highly useful for various types of studies on PSII.
Recent results verifying free-space focusing using a fully printed metamaterial lens (2015)

This paper summarizes recent experimental results verifying the free-space focusing properties of a fully printed volumetric negative refractive index transmission line (NRI-TL) metamaterial lens for a range of frequencies around 5.03 GHz, where it exhibits a negative refractive index of -1. The experiment was carried out in an anechoic chamber using a pair of electrically small shielded-loop antennas affixed to a computer-controlled scanner.
Intelligent Field Data Management: Case Study (2011)

Abstract Real time represents the backbone and the outmost critical component of the intelligent field implementation in Saudi Aramco. Over the past few years, several guidelines and standards have been established to govern the real time data flow from fields to users' desktop. These guidelines and standards are defined to meet intelligent field data acquisition and delivery requirements for reservoir and production engineers. Saudi Aramco internally initiated an assessment to study the current real time management practices in order to tap and leverage on the existing guidelines as well as propose possible enhancements that will add value to the intelligent field implementation. This paper discusses and assesses, through a case study, the intelligent field real time data management steps in the intelligent field data management implementation in Saudi Aramco which includes: Data standardization, Data filtration and compression, Data quality control, Data quality and transmission key performance Indices, Data visualization, and Systems reliability and availability. Also the paper highlights the challenges in intelligent field real time data management to meet intelligent field data acquisition and delivery requirements. Finally, recommendations are proposed to improve real time data management.
The Monodromy of Certain Families of Linear Series is at Least the Alternating Group (1991)

Let $g,r,d$ be positive integers such that the Brill-Noether number, $\rho (g,r,d): = g - (r + 1)(g - d + r) = 0$. We prove that if $r + 1 \ne g - d + r$, then for suitable families of curves $(C/B)$, the monodromy of the family $G_d^r(C/B) \to B$ is at least the alternating group. Our techniques are combinatorial, and similar to those used by Bercov and Proctor in their paper [BP].
The thioflavin T fluorescence assay for amyloid fibril detection can be biased by the presence of exogenous compounds (2009)

Thioflavin T (ThT) dye fluorescence is used regularly to quantify the formation and inhibition of amyloid fibrils in the presence of anti-amyloidogenic compounds such as polyphenols. However, in this study, it was shown, using three polyphenolics (curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol), that ThT fluorescence should be used with caution in the presence of such exogenous compounds. The strong absorptive and fluorescent properties of quercetin and curcumin were found to significantly bias the ThT fluorescence readings in both in situ real-time ThT assays and single time-point dilution ThT-type assays. The presence of curcumin at concentrations as low as 0.01 and 1 mum was sufficient to interfere with the ThT fluorescence associated with fibrillar amyloid-beta(1-42) (0.5 mum) and fibrillar reduced and carboxymethylated kappa-casein (50 mum), respectively. The ThT fluorescence associated with fibrillar amyloid-beta(1-42) was also biased using higher concentrations of resveratrol, a polyphenol that is not spectroscopically active at the wavelengths of ThT fluorescence, implying that there can be direct interactions between ThT and the exogenous compound and/or competitive binding with ThT for the fibrils. Thus, in all cases where ThT is used in the presence of an exogenous compound, biases for amyloid-associated ThT fluorescence should be tested, regardless of whether the additive is spectroscopically active. Simple methods to conduct these tests were described. The Congo red spectral shift assay is demonstrated as a more viable spectrophotometric alternative to ThT, but allied methods, such as transmission electron microscopy, should also be used to assess fibril formation independently of dye-based assays. Structured digital abstract: * MINT-7259867: RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) and RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) bind (MI:0407) by electron microscopy (MI:0040) * MINT-7258930: RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) and RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051) * MINT-7259878: Amyloid beta (uniprotkb:P05067) and Amyloid beta (uniprotkb:P05067) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051).
3D High Dynamic Range dense visual SLAM and its application to real-time object re-lighting (2013)

Acquiring High Dynamic Range (HDR) light-fields from several images with different exposures (sensor integration periods) has been widely considered for static camera positions. In this paper a new approach is proposed that enables 3D HDR environment maps to be acquired directly from a dynamic set of images in real-time. In particular a method will be proposed to use an RGB-D camera as a dynamic light-field sensor, based on a dense real-time 3D tracking and mapping approach, that avoids the need for a light-probe or the observation of reflective surfaces. The 6dof pose and dense scene structure will be estimated simultaneously with the observed dynamic range so as to compute the radiance map of the scene and fuse a stream of low dynamic range images (LDR) into an HDR image. This will then be used to create an arbitrary number of virtual omni-directional light-probes that will be placed at the positions where virtual augmented objects will be rendered. In addition, a solution is provided for the problem of automatic shutter variations in visual SLAM. Augmented reality results are provided which demonstrate real-time 3D HDR mapping, virtual light-probe synthesis and light source detection for rendering reflective objects with shadows seamlessly with the real video stream in real-time.
Sensor Less Load Estimation and Disturbance Compensation Control Using Two Back-EMF Signals and Duty Ratio for Linear Resonant Actuator (2017)

Amplitude of linear resonant actuators severely decrease when external loads are applied. Therefore, load feedback is essential. Authors have proposed a load estimation method using two back-EMF signals under free damped oscillation. This paper presents a new estimation method based on the law of energy conservation under forced oscillation. Additionally, a disturbance compensation control is proposed using estimated load. These methods are verified through finite element analysis.
COMPARISON OF A Nd : YAG LASER AND A XeCl LASER FOR THE ABLATION OF SOLIDS IN SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS (1991)

No abstract available
A Review of the Scientific Lierature as it Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Volume 1. Infectious Diseases (2001)

Following the Gulf War, some veterans of that conflict began reporting a variety of health conditions and other symptoms, some of which remain unexplained. The Department of Defense (DoD), as part of its effort to inquire into possible causes of these illnesses, has commissioned various studies of the scientific literature about potential or contributing causes of illnesses in Gulf War veterans. This document represents one such study. It focuses on infectious diseases with the goal of presenting current medical knowledge regarding these diseases, irrespective of the specific issues surrounding the Gulf War. When appropriate, it interprets whether a particular infectious disease or related condition is likely to explain symptoms experienced by those who served in the Gulf War. Infectious diseases have been extensively studied and their identification, diagnosis, and treatment are generally well understood. Therefore, this study does not consider all infectious diseases. Rather, it focuses on known or plausible ones-those that were actually diagnosed in people who served in the Gulf War or that are known either to exist in the Persian Gulf area or to produce symptoms similar to those experienced by Gulf War veterans. A complete review of the scientific literature, even as it pertains to the discussed infectious diseases, is beyond the scope of this volume.
O4‐07‐02: Efficacy and safety of florbetaben for beta‐amyloid brain positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease: Results from a global phase IIb trial (2011)

The efficacy, safety and biological relevance of florbetaben PET in detecting/excluding cerebral beta-amyloid in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with healthy volunteers (HV) was demonstrated in a phase 2a trial in 150 subjects. The present open-label, non-randomized, multicenter (21 PET sites, four continents), phase 2b trial was designed to confirm those results using an expert consensus panel (CP) clinical diagnosis as the standard of truth (SOT). 272 subjects, 147 patients with probable AD (DSM-IV-TR and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, age = 55 years, MMSE = 18-26, CDR = 0.5-2) and 125 age-matched HV (MMSE = 28, CDR = 0) received a single intravenous injection of florbetaben (300 MBq ± 20%); three-dimensional brain PET scanning was performed at 45-60, 90-110 and 110-130 min post-injection (p.i.). Three independent, blinded readers classified florbetaben uptake patterns visually as abnormal or normal using brain beta-amyloid plaque load scores. For quantitative assessment, a modified automatic anatomical labeling volume of interest template was applied to the grey matter (individual magnetic resonance images) segmented PET scans. The co-primary efficacy variables were the sensitivity and specificity of the visual assessment of images 90-110 min p.i. (majority read) in correctly differentiating between patients with probable AD and HV as compared with the SOT clinical diagnosis. 813 images from the 272 subjects were visually and quantitatively assessed (plus a 10% re-read) and deemed evaluable by blinded readers, with > 95% considered high quality. All three readers were in complete agreement on 84.1, 90.2, and 90.5% of the scans for the first, second and third image time points, respectively. The CP verified the onsite diagnosis in 117 (80%) of the probable AD and 120 (96%) of the HVs. Confidence of diagnosis was 86% in HVs and 80% in probable AD subjects. No signals indicative of safety concerns were observed. CP findings verify that even among experts, the diagnosis of AD remains challenging with variable agreement and diagnostic certainty. Florbetaben PET imaging provided high-quality images across multiple centers, with low variance across readers. The results support the excellent safety profile of florbetaben PET. Primary endpoints and quantitative results will be presented.
Delamination of pipeline steels: determination of an anisotropic cleavage criterion (2014)

Cleavage fracture anisotropy has been studied on a ferrite-bainite low alloy pipeline steel plate. Mechanical tests have been performed on smooth and notched bars taken along the three principal directions of the plate at temperatures between 20 °C and −196 °C, and analyzed by finite element calculations with an anisotropic plasticity model. The fracture mode of specimens tested along the normal direction differs from that of specimens taken along the two other directions, together with a lower critical cleavage stress. This difference seems to be related to microtexture anisotropy and might explain the sensitivity of this steel to delamination at low temperatures.
Geochemistry of biotite from charnockitoids in the granite-forming series (Nimnyr Block of the Aldan Shield) (2016)

The geochemical evolution of biotite (Bt) from garnet-bearing associations in the granite-forming series of the Nimnyr Block (Aldan Shield) is considered. The series includes the primary rock (gneiss or basic rock), autochthonous enderbite- or charnockite-gneiss (Lc1), migmatitic leucosome (Lc2, Lc4), and paraautochthonous charnockite (Lc3-ch1) and (Lc5-ch2 → grn). Bt in each series is characterized by an individual, significant difference in the concentrations of Ti, V, Cr; rarely Al, Fe, Mg, and Rb; and very rarely La, Ce, Nd, and Gd. The uniform trend of evolution of Bt compositions in the series was established for Al, KAl, (K + Na)/Al, rarely for Mg, Ti, and К. In contrast to the series with ch2, Bt becomes enriched in LREEs from autochthonous Lc1 to allochthonous Lc2 and Lc3. The different compositional variations of Bt in relation some minor elements is explained by the different composition of the material, which underwent melting, temperature variations (from 820 to 750°C), and changes in pH of the mineral-forming medium.
How Water Quality and Quantity Affect Pepper Yield and Postharvest Quality (2019)

There are gaps in our knowledge of the effects of irrigation water quality and amount on yield and postharvest quality of pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.). We studied the effects of water quality and quantity treatments on pepper fruits during subsequent simulated storage and shelf-life. Total yield decreased with increasing water salinity, but export-quality yield was not significantly different in fruits irrigated with water of either 1.6 or 2.8 dS/m, but there was a 30–35% reduction in export-quality yield following use of water at 4.5 dS/m. Water quantity hardly affected either total or export-quality yield. Water quality but not quantity significantly affected fruit weight loss after 14 days at 7 °C plus three days at 20 °C; irrigation with water at 2.8 dS/m gave the least weight loss. Fruits were significantly firmer after irrigation with good-quality water than with salty water. The saltier the water, the higher was the sugar content. Vitamin C content was not affected by water quality or quantity, but water quality significantly affected antioxidant (AOX) content. The highest AOX activity was found with commercial quality water, the lowest with salty water. Pepper yield benefited by irrigation with fresh water (1.6 dS/m) and was not affected by water quantity, but post-storage fruit quality was maintained better after use of moderately-saline water (2.8 dS/m). Thus, irrigation water with salinity not exceeding 2.8 dS/m will not impair postharvest quality, although the yield will be reduced at this salinity level.
Polyclonal infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex in patients with AIDS detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of sequential clinical isolates (1994)

Invasive infection with organisms of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is common among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. In previous studies, we analyzed multiple individual colonies of MAC isolated from specimens obtained at the same time and observed that 14 to 20% of patients are simultaneously infected with more than one strain. In this study, we examined sequential isolates from 12 patients with AIDS who had two or more MAC isolates available from clinical specimens collected more than 1 week apart; the intervals between the first and last specimens ranged from 8 to 192 (median, 46) days. For each isolate, restriction digests of genomic DNA were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; DNA was prepared by using a protocol, described here in detail, which had been optimized for conditions of bacterial growth and lysis. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified four patients (33%) infected with two different MAC strains. Both M. avium and M. intracellulare were cultured from blood specimens from two patients. In each of the four patients, the second strain was identified from a culture taken within 14 days of the initial study isolate, and in three of these patients, the first strain was detected again in a subsequent culture. These observations suggest that the presence of two different strains among isolates from sequential cultures may reflect ongoing polyclonal infection. We conclude that polyclonal infection with MAC is common among patients with AIDS. The identification of such infections may be critical in the development of effective treatments.
A Marking System for Scintillation Camera and Computer, and Its Clinical Application (1976)

XY演算回路, 十字信号回路, UNBLK信号回路からなる位置信号発生器と位置検出器により構成され, シンチフォト像上十字印, 点, 線を表示可能なシソチカメラのマーキング装置を作成し, 臨床的に応用した。本装置を利用してRIデータ処理装置EDR 4000にて処理されたRIイメージ上にマーキングし, またregion of interestの位置合わせ, subtraction等計測視野のずれの補正にも使用した。マーキングシステムを活用した臨床例を供覧し, その有用性を検討した。