gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipids in Milk and the First Steps in Their Digestion (1985)

Human milk contains 3.0% to 4.5% fat. The fat is contained within membrane-enclosed milk fat globules. The core of the globules consists of triglycerides (98% to 99% of total milk fat) whereas the globule membrane (which originates from the mammary secretory cell's Golgi and cell membranes) is composed mainly of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Milk fat content and composition change during lactation. Whereas the triglyceride level rises, the phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations decrease during the transition from colostrum to mature milk, resulting in an increase in the size of the milk fat globules. Digestion of milk fat depends on the consecutive action of several lipases. The first step is the partial hydrolysis of the milk fat globule core by lingual and gastric lipases in the stomach. Hydrolysis continues in the duodenum, where the bile salt-stimulated lipase of human milk and pancreatic lipase complete the process initiated in the stomach.
Influence of air permeation of pheromone on response of male lesser peachtree borers1and peachtree borers2 (1985)

Abstract Air permeation trials were conducted with Z,Z and E,Z isomers of 3,13‐octadecadien‐1‐ol acetate (ODDA) to determine response difference between males of the peachtree borer (PTB), Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), and lesser peachtree borer (LPTB), S. pictipes (Grote & Robinson), within and adjacent to permeated plots of a peach orchard. The pheromone was released from hollow fiber dispensers attached to the trees in the orchard. In the pheromone‐treated plots, both E,Z and Z,Z‐ODDA significantly reduced trap captures of PTB relative to the untreated plot. The E,Z isomer also significantly reduced captures of LPTB males but captures in the Z,Z treatment were higher than in the untreated plots. The pheromone treatments also influenced trap capture of both PTB and LPTB male moths outside the permeated plots.
Covalent DNA Adducts Formed in Mouse Epidermis from Dibenz[a,j]anthracene: Evidence for the Formation of Polar Adducts (1995)

The formation of deoxyribonucleoside adducts in mouse epidermis has been examined following topical application of [3H]dibenz[a,j]anthracene (DB[a,j]A) or by 32P-postlabeling following topical application of unlabeled DB[a,j]A, DB[a,j]A trans-3,4-diol or the anti- or syn-3,4-diol 1,2-epoxides. A single topical application of [3H]DB[a,j]A at a dose of 400 nmol per mouse led to the formation of 11 detectable covalent DNA adducts. Seven of these DNA adducts were tentatively identified based on cochromatography with marker adducts using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The presence of both deoxyguanosine (dGuo) as well as deoxyadenosine (dAdo) adducts formed from bay-region anti- and syn-3,4-diol 1,2-epoxides of DB[a,j]A was revealed. The major bay-region diol epoxide DNA adduct formed in mouse epidermis following topical application of [3H]DB[a,j]A was tentatively identified as the (4R,3S)-diol (2S,1R)-epoxide bound through trans addition of the exocyclic amino group of dGuo, although substantial amounts of the corresponding dAdo adduct were also detected. In addition, a K-region 5,6-oxide-dAdo adduct was tentatively identified in HPLC chromatograms based on cochromatography with an authentic marker adduct. 32P-Postlabeling analysis of DB[a,j]A-DNA adducts formed in mouse epidermis after topical application of unlabeled compound confirmed the presence of bay-region diol epoxide DNA adducts similar to those observed after application of [3H]DB[a,j]A. However, 32P-postlabeling analysis also revealed the presence of more polar covalent DNA adducts in epidermal DNA samples from DB[a,j]A-treated mice. These more polar DNA adducts represented a significant proportion of the 32P-labeled material recovered in HPLC chromatograms. While the exact nature of these adducts remains unknown at present, they had retention times identical to polar DNA adducts formed following topical application of DB[a,j]A trans-3,4-diol and may represent bis-dihydrodiol epoxide DNA adducts. The present results indicate that a rather broad spectrum of DNA adducts arises following topical application of DB[a,j]A to mouse epidermis.
Differences in the Force-Interval. Relationship of Isolated Human Myocardium with Chronic Coronary Artery Diseasein Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Role of Ca²⁺-ATPase of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum. (2017)

We studied the force--interval relationship of human myocardium in coronary artery d isease (CAD) and CAD with concomitant diabetes mellitus and evaluated its dependence on the level of expression of Ca²⁺-AT Pase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We used the myocardial biopsies obtained during coronary artery bypass grafting with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass techniques. The study included patients with chronic CAD and patients with CAD and concomitant type II diabetes mellitus. It was found that patients with CAD with and without diabetes with similar clinical signs had both negative and positive dynamics of the force-interval relationship. The positive. force-interval relationship was associated with the ''high level" of Ca²⁺-ATPase, while the negative force-interval relationship was associated with the "low level" of this protein. In cases of small CAD and diabetes duration, the positive "force-interval" relationship is more pronounced and corresponds to a higher level of expression Ca²⁺- ATPase in the SR than in case of CAD without diabetes mellitus.
From vertical to in-plane emission of circular VCSELs (2002)

Large circular VCSELs exhibit spontaneous transition from vertical to almost in-plane, quasi whispering gallery lasing modes. Enhancing this effect by coupling to concentric ring VCSELs is demonstrated and analyzed.
A monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay to measure the antibody response against the repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum (2016)

The competition ELISA to measure MAL1C-like antibodies in polyclonal sera from RTS,S/AS01 vaccine recipients was robust and reliable but did not reveal the elusive correlate of protection.
Stably stratified rotating flow through a group of obstacles (1991)

Abstract A linear calculation is presented of uniform stably stratified flow (velocity U 0, Brunt-Vaisala frequency N) through a region of resistance on a rigid plane with vertical scale Hand horizontal scale Dwhen the Froude number F = U 0/HNis much less than unity, and when the velocity perturbation is small compared with U 0. It is shown that that largest vertical perturbation occurs to the streamlines within a “summit layer”, of thickness O(U 0/N), at the top of the region and that this perturbation is transmitted upwards and downwards by internal waves. This calculation is a model of the flow through groups of hills (which is illustrated with some small laboratory experiments) and it helps explain some unsolved problems about strongly stratified flow over a single hill. The first-order correction, below the summit layer, to flow through and around groups of hills can be larger than the O(F2) term given by Drazin (1961). On extending the theory, it is found that the effect of a rotation with angular velocity Ω (and the consequent Coriolis acceleration) on the flow is a singular perturbation when F « l; the far-field perturbation decays slowly on the length scale NH/2Ω(≫ H), under the action of inertial waves; the lateral deflections of the streamlines can be large even if ΩD/U« 1, depending on the vertical distribution of the resistance. This theory implies that topography may have an effect on the flow over a much wider scale than is commonly supposed or modelled, and, more generally, the theory provides a mechanism for showing how disturbances in stratified flows can induce motions on much larger scales—i.e. an “up-scale” energy transfer mechanism. This result is implicit in the important paper of Merkine (1975). Key words: Froude numberinertial waveshills
EWS, but Not EWS-FLI-1, Is Associated with Both TFIID and RNA Polymerase II: Interactions between Two Members of the TET Family, EWS and hTAF II 68, and Subunits of TFIID and RNA Polymerase II Complexes (1998)

The t(11;22) chromosomal translocation specifically linked to Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor results in a chimeric molecule fusing the amino-terminus-encoding region of the EWS gene to the carboxyl-terminal DNA-binding domain encoded by the FLI-1 gene. As the function of the protein encoded by the EWS gene remains unknown, we investigated the putative role of EWS in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription by comparing its activity with that of its structural homolog, hTAFII68. We demonstrate that a portion of EWS is able to associate with the basal transcription factor TFIID, which is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFIIs). In vitro binding studies revealed that both EWS and hTAFII68 interact with the same TFIID subunits, suggesting that the presence of EWS and that of hTAFII68 in the same TFIID complex may be mutually exclusive. Moreover, EWS is not exclusively associated with TFIID but, similarly to hTAFII68, is also associated with the Pol II complex. The subunits of Pol II that interact with EWS and hTAFII68 have been identified, confirming the association with the polymerase. In contrast to EWS, the tumorigenic EWS-FLI-1 fusion protein is not associated with either TFIID or Pol II in Ewing cell nuclear extracts. These observations suggest that EWS and EWS-FLI-1 may play different roles in Pol II transcription.
Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Type 1 Production by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Modulates Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function (2005)

Many strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) produce cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1), a toxin that constitutively activates the Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. We previously showed that CNF1 contributes to the virulence of UPEC in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection and a rat model of acute prostatitis and that a striking feature of the histopathology of the mouse bladders and rat prostates infected with CNF1-positive strains is an elevation in levels of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). We also found that CNF1 synthesis leads to prolonged survival of UPEC in association with human neutrophils. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CNF1 production by UPEC diminishes the antimicrobial capacity of mouse PMNs by affecting phagocyte function through targeting Rho family GTPases that are critical to phagocytosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species. We found that, as with human neutrophils, CNF1 synthesis provided a survival advantage to UPEC incubated with mouse PMNs. We also observed that CNF1-positive UPEC down-regulated phagocytosis, altered the distribution of the complement receptor CR3 (CD11b/CD18), enhanced the intracellular respiratory burst, and increased levels of Rac2 activation in PMNs. From these results, we conclude that modulation of PMN function by CNF1 facilitates UPEC survival during the acute inflammatory response.
Analytical and numerical modeling of amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cells (1988)

Analytical and equivalent-circuit models based on numerical solutions for a-Si:H solar cells are presented. The dependencies among such variables as recombination rate and electrical field on terminal and optical excitation are discussed. Based on our physical interpretation of the numerical solutions, we propose an equivalent-circuit model which separates the currents into photocollected and back injected components. This model clarifies the concept of the limiting carrier and points out that the limiting carrier is the carrier with the least photocollected current. Analytical expressions for uniformly and strongly absorbed light are derived.
Stone Tools, Toolkits, and Human Behavior in Prehistory [and Comments and Reply] (1979)

Stone artefacts are usually privileged witnesses, and often the sole preserved witnesses, of prehistoric man and his activities. The study of artefacts is ordinarily restricted to typology, i.e., description, classification, and comparison of these artefacts clustered into assemblages with a view to defining industries and, hence, prehistoric cultures. This approach is somewhat limited, as it registers differences or resemblances between the assemblages provided by the excavations without being able to explain them. It has been argued that an assemblage of stone tools represents the activities which have taken place on a particular site and that typological differences reflect different activities. The validity of the assumptions on which this "functional argument" relies has, however, never been verified. This article illustrates the possibilities afforded by some recent research approaches applied to the study of a prehistoric site. Palaeotographical study allows the delineation of some archaeological structures the relations of which in space and time are established by the refitting of the lithic industry. This latter method also makes possible the reconstruction of all the stages of the evolution of stone tools, from their conception to their rejection. Finally, the analysis of microwear traces leads to the identification of the function of prehistoric tools. It has been possible to recognize specialized toolkits for hide working and for the preparation of bone and antler implements and to determine the activities performed in various areas of the occupation. floor. The combination of these three methods provides some new keys for the decoding of the archaeological record and constitutes a dynamic approach to prehistoric man through his relics.
Protein profile of different cellular fractions from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains after exposure to isoniazid (2019)

Different biochemical studies looking for the effect of INH on the physiology of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)</i> have been conducted. Here, we present a detailed analysis, looking at the protein variation in the <i>Mtb</i> cell due to exposure of sub-inhibitory concentrations of INH, evaluating three different variables: cellular fraction, genetic lineage, and INH phenotypic profile. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the most significantly affected cellular fraction was the membrane and the INH resistant strains showed the highest number of proteins altered when they were exposed to INH. Raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007588.
Role of DNA methylation in cardiovascular diseases (2016)

A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Environmental factors have crucial effects on the epigenetic trait of genes, which refers to a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in the chromosomes without alteration of the DNA sequence, but has profound effects on the cellular repertoire. Among the epigenetic patterns, DNA methylation is of great interest. DNA methylation occurs at both global and specific gene promoter levels and relates to atherosclerosis. Aberrant DNA methylation affects the transcription and expression of critical regulatory genes and induces a proatherogenic cellular phenotype, which plays key roles in endothelia cell dysfunction, abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and inflammation in CVDs. This review focuses on the contribution of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of CVDs.
Parallelized shifted‐excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for fluorescence rejection in a temporary varying system (2019)

A fluorescence background is one of the common interference factors of the Raman spectroscopic analysis in the biology field. Shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS), in which a slow (typically 1 Hz) modulation to excitation wavelength is coupled with a sequential acquisition of alternating shifted-excitation spectra, has been used to separate Raman scattering from excitation-shift insensitive background. This sequential method is susceptible to spectral change and thus is limited only to stable samples. We incorporated a fast laser modulation (200 Hz) and a mechanical streak camera into SERDS to effectively parallelize the SERDS measurement in a single exposure. The developed system expands the scope of SERDS to include temporary varying system. The proof of concept is demonstrated using highly fluorescent samples, including living algae. Quantitative performance in fluorescence rejection and the robustness of the method to the dynamic spectral change during the measurement are manifested.
Palliative Care Teaching in Medical Residency: A Review of Two POGO‐e Teaching Products (2012)

This is a comparison review of GeriaSims and Care of the Aging Medical Patient (CHAMP) modules addressing issues in palliative and hospice medicine found in the Portal of Geriatric Online Education, a free on-line repository of geriatric educational materials for medical educators. GeriaSims is a self-directed teaching module designed to systematically address many of the important questions involved in caring for individuals with chronic progressive and life-limiting illnesses. It is well suited for physicians, particularly medical residents and fellows in-training, who provide care for medically complicated elderly and terminally ill individuals. The CHAMP module is designed to familiarize physician educators with palliative and hospice medicine basics to teach residents and fellows through didactic slides, although it can probably be adapted for use by residents and fellows if audio commentary accompanies the slides. Both modules address practical approaches to addressing palliative care in patients and their families. They are useful teaching tools that address an important learning need and can be readily used to supplement current residency curriculum in hospice and palliative medicine.
Linking tool paths generated with diﬀerent oﬀset distances for edge quality enhancement in planar milling - eScholarship (2004)

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture http://pib.sagepub.com/ Linking tool paths generated with different offset distances for edge quality enhancement in planar milling C-H Chu and D Dornfeld Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 2004 218: 721 DOI: 10.1177/095440540421800705 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pib.sagepub.com/content/218/7/721 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Institution of Mechanical Engineers Additional services and information for Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture can be found at: Email Alerts: http://pib.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://pib.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://pib.sagepub.com/content/218/7/721.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jul 1, 2004 What is This? Downloaded from pib.sagepub.com at UNIV CALIFORNIA BERKELEY LIB on July 7, 2014
Nanostructured Composites: A High Capacity, Fast Rate Li3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2002)

Impressive capacity improvements can be obtained by wrapping insulating crystallites of Li3V2(PO4)3 within a conductive carbon web. The single crystal analysis (see Figure) and electrochemical characteristics of Li3V2(PO4)3 are reported. X-ray diffraction analysis of the single phases formed on Li extraction shows that the framework is maintained with a little loss of crystallinity; on re-insertion of Li, the Li3.0V2(PO4)3 framework is fully recrystallized.
Fuzzy set theory in object-oriented databases: a prototype implementation using Versant ODBMS and Visual C++ (2002)

This paper presents a prototype implementation written using the Visual C++ programming language and interfacing with the commercial ODBMS by Versant. This fuzzy front-end for Versant's object database has the capability to visually create fuzzy linguistic terms and use them for object attribute values. The database may be queried using fuzzy/crisp predicates over fuzzy/crisp attributes and the capability to reason with fuzzy attribute-valued objects is provided through integration with the FuzzyCLIPS expert system.
Subsidized Microfinance and Sustainability of Self-Help Groups (SHGs): Observations from North East India (2015)

In India, the subsidized scheme is one of the variants of microfinance introduced by the Central Government and similar subsidy based microfinance schemes have also been introduced by other donor agencies. The decadal growth of the number of subsidized SHGs and loan size under these schemes indicate the fact that SHGs are more attracted towards subsidy. However, the key question that has been asked in many research studies is about the relationship of subsidy with that of long-term sustainability of MFIs/SHGs. With the help of randomly selected 150 subsidized SHGs operating in one of the eight states of North East India, that is, Meghalaya, the study established that subsidy has negatively influenced the long-term sustainability of the SHGs. In case the subsidy is withdrawn, the SHGs would be less sustainable-operationally as well as financially. Furthermore, the withdrawal of subsidy would increase the onward lending rate manifold so as to discourage the members to take any loan from the group, thus threatening the entire program.
PTPN2 as a promoter of colon carcinoma via reduction of inflammasome activation (2018)

We have recently demonstrated that macrophage-specific loss of Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) promotes inflammasome activation, resulting in protection from colorectal cancer. Here we place these findings in context with the role of inflammasomes in colorectal carcinoma, and with a recent study indicating that PTPN2-silencing promotes anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Cl+HD  (v=1; J=1,2) reaction dynamics: Comparison between theory and experiment (2000)

Vibrationally state-resolved differential cross sections (DCS) and product rotational distributions have been measured for the Cl+HD(v=1, J=1)→HCl(DCl)+D(H) reaction at a mean collision energy of 0.065 eV using a photoinitiated reaction (“photoloc”) technique. The effect of HD reagent rotational alignment in the Cl+HD(v=1, J=2) reaction has also been investigated. The experimental results have been compared with exact quantum mechanical and quasiclassical trajectory calculations performed on the G3 potential energy surface of Allison et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 100, 13575 (1996)]. The experimental measurements reveal that the products are predominantly backward and sideways scattered for HCl(v′=0) and HCl(v′=1), with no forward scattering at the collision energies studied, in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. The experimental product rotational distribution for HCl(v′=1) also shows excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical calculations, but the measured DCl+H to HCl+D branching ratio is near unity, which is at variance with the theoretical calculations that predict about 3 times larger yield of HCl+D at these collision energies. The reactivity shows a marked dependence on the direction of the HD(v=1, J=2) rotational angular momentum, and experimental measurements of this reagent alignment effect are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.