gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-Year Postfracture Mortality Rate in Older Adults With Hip Fractures Relative to Other Lower Extremity Fractures: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint) (2021)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Hip fracture in older adults is tied to increased mortality risk. Deconvolution of the mortality risk specific to hip fracture from that of various other fracture types has not been performed in recent hip fracture studies but is critical to determining current unmet needs for therapeutic intervention. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study examined whether hip fracture increases the 1-year postfracture mortality rate relative to several other fracture types and determined whether dementia or type 2 diabetes (T2D) exacerbates postfracture mortality risk. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> TriNetX Diamond Network data were used to identify patients with a single event of fracture of the hip, the upper humerus, or several regions near and distal to the hip occurring from 60 to 89 years of age from 2010 to 2019. Propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier, and hazard ratio analyses were performed for all fracture groupings relative to hip fracture. One-year postfracture mortality rates in elderly populations with dementia or T2D were established. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> One-year mortality rates following hip fracture consistently exceeded all other lower extremity fracture groupings as well as the upper humerus. Survival probabilities were significantly lower in the hip fracture groups, even after propensity score matching was performed on cohorts for a variety of broad categories of characteristics. Dementia in younger elderly cohorts acted synergistically with hip fracture to exacerbate the 1-year mortality risk. T2D did not exacerbate the 1-year mortality risk beyond mere additive effects. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Elderly patients with hip fracture have a significantly decreased survival probability. Greatly increased 1-year mortality rates following hip fracture may arise from differences in bone quality, bone density, trauma, concomitant fractures, postfracture treatments or diagnoses, restoration of prefracture mobility, or a combination thereof. The synergistic effect of dementia may suggest detrimental mechanistic or behavioral combinations for these 2 comorbidities. Renewed efforts should focus on modulating the mechanisms behind this heightened mortality risk, with particular attention to mobility and comorbid dementia. </sec>
Advantageous Use of Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Quinolones (2018)

The advantageous use of ionic liquids (ILs) as alternatives to common DMF as solvent in the Grohe cycloaracylation for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant quinolones is reported. ILs showed in many cases shorter reaction times and higher yields, complete conversions of the reactants and easy work‐up procedures compared with DMF. Of the ILs screened, tributylmethylammonium methanesulfonate ([TBMA][MsO]) was selected as the most suitable for further studies. Interestingly, a wide substrate scope was observed and the IL was recycled by a green process. A further step forward in the use of [TBMA][MsO] for quinolone synthesis was the preparation by a one‐pot/three‐step procedure of the representative 3‐carboxy‐4‐quinolone acid 16 , which was obtained in high yield in a short time. The greener properties of ILs in comparison with DMF and their non‐volatility appoint this method as a potentially efficient and alternative approach to the industrial production of quinolones.
Auto-inhibitory assembly of protein kinase CK2 revealed by X-ray crystallography (2012)

The enzyme CK2 is a pleiotropic, acidophilic, highly conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase essential for cell viability, involved in many cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, gene expression, cell growth and differentiation, embryogenesis, circadian rhythms, and apoptosis. Abnormal high levels of CK2 enzymatic activity have been found in a large variety of solid and hematological tumors. Its oncogenic potential depends mainly on the capacity to act as an antiapoptotic agent. In vivo, the fully functional form of CK2 is considered the a2b2 holoenzyme, a heterocomplex of 140 kDa composed of two catalytic a-subunits and two regulatory b-subunits. This enzyme is not regulated by mechanisms common to other protein kinases, and how its activity is controlled is still unclear. We solved the structure of the tetrameric holoenzyme updating some features that were previously poor defined (PDB: 4DGL). We show that the holoenzyme can self-assemble in trimers of tetramers and subsequently in filaments postulating an auto-inhibitory model for CK2 regulation The core of the trimeric organization is constituted by the electrostatic interaction between the acidic loop of the b-subunit (Asp55-Asp64) and the P+1 loop of the a-subunit (Arg191-Lys198) of another tetramer (acidic/P+1 interaction). This ring organization is then in accordance with the well documented existence of the electrostatic acidic/P+1 interaction and with its dependence on salt concentration The a subunit in contact with the b acidic loop can simultaneously accommodate the C-terminus of the b subunit from a third neighboring tetramer in its ATP-binding site. The b C-terminus competes with ATP for the binding to the a subunit. Further, once inserted in the ATP-binding pocket, it stabilizes a nonproductive conformation of residues involved in catalysis. b-Arg215 replaces a-Lys68 in its interaction with a-Glu81 from the aC helix (the Lys68-Glu81 ion-pair is essential for an efficient catalysis and is fully conserved in protein kinases), while b-Lys212 interacts with a-Asp175, which is not more available for Mg2+ binding as in the fully functional state. This new interaction is fundamental for a piling organization of trimers, with each trimer rotated of 60w ith respect to the preceding one, to give a final hexagonal geometry along the piling axes. In this filamentous organization, half of the a-subunits are inhibited by the presence of the C-terminus and the acidic loop of the b subunit in the a active site, while the remaining half are inhibited by steric hindrance. This polymeric form is therefore expected to be completely inactive and can well represent the filamentous CK2 aggregates described in literature [3][4].
Controlling signature verification of network coded packet on VANET (2012)

There are various studies and developments to notice the traffic information to drivers in the field of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) so that they can prevent traffic accidents. Vehicles must be timely transmitted information with integrity, since it influences an action of vehicles indirectly. Digital signature provides reliability for the information. In high vehicle density area, the vehicles may receive many packets. If each vehicle verifies all signatures of received packets, the transmission delay increases. Increasing of the expired packets causes decrease of the received rate. In this paper, we propose a method for controlling the number of verification dynamically in order to decrease the transmission delay. The proposed method can suppress fall of the received rate.
Frequent adaptive immune responses against arginase-1 (2017)

The enzyme arginase-1 reduces the availability of arginine to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thus reducing T-cell functionality in the tumor milieu. Arginase-1 is expressed by some cancer cells and by immune inhibitory cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we divided the arginase-1 protein sequence into overlapping 20-amino-acid-long peptides, generating a library of 31 peptides covering the whole arginase-1 sequence. Reactivity towards this peptide library was examined in PBMCs from cancer patients and healthy individuals. IFNγ ELISPOT revealed frequent immune responses against multiple arginase-1-derived peptides. We further identified a hot-spot region within the arginase-1 protein sequence containing multiple epitopes recognized by T cells. Next, we examined in vitro-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from melanoma patients, and detected arginase-1-specific T cells that reacted against epitopes from the hot-spot region. Arginase-1-specific CD4+T cells could be isolated and expanded from peripheral T cell pool of a patient with melanoma, and further demonstrated the specificity and reactivity of these T cells. Overall, we showed that arginase-1-specific T cells were capable of recognizing arginase-1-expressing cells. The activation of arginase-1-specific T cells by vaccination is an attractive approach to target arginase-1-expressing malignant cells and inhibitory immune cells. In the clinical setting, the induction of arginase-1-specific immune responses could induce or increase Th1 inflammation at the sites of tumors that are otherwise excluded due to infiltration with MDSCs and TAMs.
Shikimate and Phenylalanine Biosynthesis in the Green Lineage (2013)

The shikimate pathway provides carbon skeletons for the aromatic amino acids l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine, and l-tyrosine. It is a high flux bearing pathway and it has been estimated that greater than 30% of all fixed carbon is directed through this pathway. These combined pathways have been subjected to considerable research attention due to the fact that mammals are unable to synthesize these amino acids and the fact that one of the enzymes of the shikimate pathway is a very effective herbicide target. However, in addition to these characteristics these pathways additionally provide important precursors for a wide range of important secondary metabolites including chlorogenic acid, alkaloids, glucosinolates, auxin, tannins, suberin, lignin and lignan, tocopherols, and betalains. Here we review the shikimate pathway of the green lineage and compare and contrast its evolution and ubiquity with that of the more specialized phenylpropanoid metabolism which this essential pathway fuels.
Quasi-Optical Output-Cavity Design for a 50-kW Multicavity W-Band Sheet-Beam Klystron (2009)

In this paper, a quasi-optical (QO) output coupler, consisting of a tapered waveguide coupling to WR-10 waveguide, was designed to serve as the multigap output cavity of a 50-kW peak-power W-band sheet-beam klystron. In this structure, TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> mode radiation from the gap ports is superimposed in the tapered waveguide coupling out to the external waveguide. In our numerical design, the circuit dimensions were systematically optimized by parametric finite-difference time-domain simulations; the 2 pi mode of the optimized QO output cavities (three, five, and seven gaps) have an external <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Qe</i> ) of 650, an ohmic <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) of 1650, and a total <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Qt</i> ) of 460 at 95.4 GHz. The measured transmission coefficient ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) through the two QO external waveguide ports is in reasonable agreement with the transmission predicted from simulation. MAGIC3-D particle-in-cell simulation predicts that the QO output cavity stably produces more than 50-kW output power from a 70-kV and 3.6-A electron beam in the eight-cavity klystron circuit.
A Differential Scheme for Elastic Properties of Rocks with Dry or Saturated Cracks (2001)

Differential effective medium (DEM) theory is applied to the problem of estimating physical properties of elastic media with penny-shaped cracks, filled either with air or liquid. These cracks are assumed to be randomly oriented. It is known that such a model captures many of the essential physical features of fluid-saturated or partially saturated rocks. By making the assumption that the changes in certain factors depending only on Poisson’s ratio do not strongly affect the results, it is possible to decouple the equations for bulk (K ) and shear (G) modulus, and then integrate them analytically. The validity of this assumption is then tested by integrating the full DEM equations numerically. The analytical and numerical curves for both K and G are in very good agreement over the whole porosity range of interest. Justification of the Poisson’s ratio approximation is also provided directly by the theory, which shows that, as porosity tends to 100%, Poisson’s ratio tends towards small positive values for dry, cracked porous media and tends to one-half for liquid saturated samples. A rigorous stable fixed point is obtained for Poisson’s ratio, c, of dry porous media, where the location of this fixed point depends only on the shape of the voids being added. Fixed points occur at c = 1/5 for spheres, and c ’ / 18 for cracks, being the aspect ratio of penny-shaped cracks. Results for the elastic constants are then compared and contrasted with results predicted by Gassmann’s equations and with results of Mavko and Jizba, for both granite-like and sandstone-like examples. Gassmann’s equations do not predict the observed liquid dependence of the shear modulus G at all. Mavko and Jizba predict the observed dependence of shear modulus on liquid bulk modulus for small crack porosity, but fail to predict the observed behavior at higher porosities. In contrast, the analytical approximations derived here give very satisfactory agreement in all cases for both K and G.
A Web-based Management System for H.264 Live Video Broadcasting (2007)

This paper presents a Web-based management system for H.264 live video broadcasting. The system consists of three functional parts, namely, the H.264 streaming control, the program management and the media management. It is created to remotely control and operate a P2P live video broadcasting overlay network using H.264 as the video compression codec. An extended MVC model with a newly created distributed service layer is designed and adopted in the system architecture to meet the demands for the scalability of multiple live video sources control and distributed video storage. The implementation of the system integrates many open source projects to make the system small in size, universal accessible, highly scalable, highly efficient and highly portable. Struts is used as the basic Web application framework, Hibernate and MySql are used for the efficient persistent data storage and RMI is used in the video control to facilitate distributed video collection. Those technologies and the scalability of the architecture make the system applicable for being deployed on low-cost PC servers or PC clusters.
Cortical Networks Subserving the Perception of Tinnitus - a PET Study (2000)

Subjective tinnitus is an auditory phantom perception that may arise from any aberrant signal within the auditory system. Further processing of this signal and the conscious perception of tinnitus takes place in the cerebral cortex. A few functional brain-imaging studies have been performed to elucidate the underlying cerebral mechanisms of this perception. These studies mostly concern rare types of tinnitus (e.g. tinnitus changeable by oral-facial movements), or compared tinnitus patients with healthy volunteers. These studies attributed variable activation of the primary auditory cortices, associative auditory cortices and the left hippocampus to the perception of tinnitus. Based on these heterogeneous results, no consensus on the underlying mechanisms has been reached. The aim of the present study was to obtain further details of the central perception and processing of the tinnitus signal. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to map the tinnitus-specific central activity. By contrasting PET-images of suppressed tinnitus with PET-images of the habitual tinnitus sensation, we were able to identify a right prefrontal-temporal network associated with the perception of tinnitus. Besides the evidence of activation of associative auditory sensory regions, the results indicated that activation of cortical centres subserving attention and emotion may underlie the continuous irritability associated with severe tinnitus.
Measurements of charged-particle inclusive distributions in hadronic decays of theZboson (1990)

We have measured inclusive distributions for charged particles in hadronic decays of the Z boson. The variables chosen for study were charged-particle multiplicity, scaled momentum, and momenta transverse to the sphericity axes. The distributions have been corrected for detector effects and are compared with data from ${\mathit{e}}^{+}$${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ annihilation at lower energies and with the predictions of several QCD-based models. The data are in reasonable agreement with expectations.
Rapid Identification of Known and New RNA Viruses from Animal Tissues (2008)

Viral surveillance programs or diagnostic labs occasionally obtain infectious samples that fail to be typed by available cell culture, serological, or nucleic acid tests. Five such samples, originating from insect pools, skunk brain, human feces and sewer effluent, collected between 1955 and 1980, resulted in pathology when inoculated into suckling mice. In this study, sequence-independent amplification of partially purified viral nucleic acids and small scale shotgun sequencing was used on mouse brain and muscle tissues. A single viral agent was identified in each sample. For each virus, between 16% to 57% of the viral genome was acquired by sequencing only 42-108 plasmid inserts. Viruses derived from human feces or sewer effluent belonged to the Picornaviridae family and showed between 80% to 91% amino acid identities to known picornaviruses. The complete polyprotein sequence of one virus showed strong similarity to a simian picornavirus sequence in the provisional Sapelovirus genus. Insects and skunk derived viral sequences exhibited amino acid identities ranging from 25% to 98% to the segmented genomes of viruses within the Reoviridae family. Two isolates were highly divergent: one is potentially a new species within the orthoreovirus genus, and the other is a new species within the orbivirus genus. We demonstrate that a simple, inexpensive, and rapid metagenomics approach is effective for identifying known and highly divergent new viruses in homogenized tissues of acutely infected mice.
Correlating Morphological Evolution of Li Electrodes with Degrading Electrochemical Performance of Li/LiCoO2 and Li/S Battery Systems: Investigated by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography (2018)

Efficient Li utilization is generally considered to be a prerequisite for developing next-generation energy storage systems (ESSs). However, uncontrolled growth of Li microstructures (LmSs) during electrochemical cycling has prevented its practical commercialization. Herein, we attempt to understand the correlation of morphological evolution of Li electrodes with degrading electrochemical performances of Li/LiCoO2 and Li/S systems by synchrotron X-ray phase contrast tomography technique. It was found that the continuous transformation of the initial dense Li bulk to a porous lithium interface (PLI) structure intimately correlates with the gradually degrading overall cell performance of these two systems. Additionally, the formation mechanism of the PLI and its correlation with previously reported inwardly growing LmS and the lithium-reacted region have been intensively discussed. The information that we gain herein is complementary to previous investigations and may provide general insights into understanding of degradation mechanisms of Li metal anodes and also provide highly needed guidelines for effective design of reliable next-generation Li metal-based ESSs.
DiSCO: A Distributed Semantic Cache Overlay for Location-Based Services (2011)

Location-based services (LBS) have gained tremendous popularity with millions of simultaneous users daily. LBS handle very large data volumes and face enormous query loads. Both the data and the queries possess high locality: spatial data is distributed very unevenly around the globe, query load is different throughout the day, and users often search for similar things in the same places. This causes high load peaks at the data tier of LBS, which may seriously degrade performance. To cope with these load peaks, we present DiSCO, a distributed semantic cache overlay for LBS. DiSCO exploits the spatial, temporal and semantic locality in the queries of LBS and distributes frequently accessed data over many nodes. Based on the Content-Addressable Network (CAN) peer-to-peer approach, DiSCO achieves high scalability by partitioning data using spatial proximity. Our evaluation shows that DiSCO significantly reduces queries to the underlying data tier.
Ultrasonic monitoring of friction contacts during shear vibration cycles (2021)

Complex high-value jointed structures such as aero-engines are carefully designed and optimized to prevent failure and maximise their life. In the design process, physically-based numerical models are employed to predict the nonlinear dynamic response of the structure. However, the reliability of these models is limited due to the lack of accurate validation data from metallic contact interfaces subjected to high-frequency vibration cycles. In this study, ultrasonic shear waves are used to characterise metallic contact interfaces during vibration cycles, hence providing new validation data for an understanding of the state of the friction contact. Supported by numerical simulations of wave propagation within the material, a novel experimental method is developed to simultaneously acquire ultrasonic measurements and friction hysteresis loops within the same test on a high-frequency friction rig. Large variability in the ultrasound reflection/transmission is observed within each hysteresis loop and is associated with stick/slip transitions. The measurement results reveal that the ultrasound technique can be used to detect stick and slip states in contact interfaces subjected to high-frequency shear vibration. This is the first observation of this type and paves the way towards real-time monitoring of vibrating contact interfaces in jointed structures, leading to a new physical understanding of the contact states and new validation data needed for improved nonlinear dynamic analyses.