gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Acetyl Bromide—Alcohols as Convenient Reaction Systems for: a) Removal of N‐tert‐Boc, N‐Cbz and N‐Ac Protective Groups b) Esterifications and Transesterifications c) Debenzylation of Aryl‐O‐benzyl Ethers. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery and characterization of sialic acid O-acetylation in group B Streptococcus - eScholarship (2004)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of human neonatal sepsis and meningitis. The GBS capsular polysaccharide is a major virulence factor and the active principle of vaccines in phase II trials. All GBS capsules have a terminal alpha2-3-linked sialic acid [N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)], which interferes with complement-mediated killing. We show here that some of the Neu5Ac residues of the GBS type III capsule are O-acetylated at carbon position 7, 8, or 9, a major modification evidently missed in previous studies. Data are consistent with initial O-acetylation at position 7, and subsequent migration of the O-acetyl ester at positions 8 and 9. O-acetylation was also present on several other GBS serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, V, and VI). Deletion of the CMP-Neu5Ac synthase gene neuA by precise, in-frame allelic replacement gave intracellular accumulation of O-acetylated Neu5Ac, whereas overexpression markedly decreased O-acetylation. Given the known GBS Neu5Ac biosynthesis pathway, these data indicate that O-acetylation occurs on free Neu5Ac, competing with the CMP-Neu5Ac synthase. O-acetylation often generates immunogenic epitopes on bacterial capsular polysaccharides and can modulate human alternate pathway complement activation. Thus, our discovery has important implications for GBS pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and vaccine design.
Third‐line rescue therapy with levofloxacin is more effective than rifabutin rescue regimen after two Helicobacter pylori treatment failures (2006)

After two previous H. pylori eradication failures, a 10-day triple levofloxacin-based rescue regimen is more effective than the same regimen with rifabutin.
Deception Detection in Videos (2018)

We present a system for covert automated deception detection using information available in a video. We study the importance of different modalities like vision, audio and text for this task. On the vision side, our system uses classifiers trained on low level video features which predict human micro-expressions. We show that predictions of high-level micro-expressions can be used as features for deception prediction. Surprisingly, IDT (Improved Dense Trajectory) features which have been widely used for action recognition, are also very good at predicting deception in videos. We fuse the score of classifiers trained on IDT features and high-level micro-expressions to improve performance. MFCC (Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients) features from the audio domain also provide a significant boost in performance, while information from transcripts is not very beneficial for our system. Using various classifiers, our automated system obtains an AUC of 0.877 (10-fold cross-validation) when evaluated on subjects which were not part of the training set. Even though state-of-the-art methods use human annotations of micro-expressions for deception detection, our fully automated approach outperforms them by 5%. When combined with human annotations of micro-expressions, our AUC improves to 0.922. We also present results of a user-study to analyze how well do average humans perform on this task, what modalities they use for deception detection and how they perform if only one modality is accessible.
Nonswellable and Tough Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on Strong Micelle Cross-Linkings (2019)

Because of the difference in osmotic pressure, most tough hydrogels swell under physiological conditions, which seriously weakens their mechanical properties, limiting their applications in biomedicine. Herein, a novel strategy based on strong and high-density micelle cross-linkings is proposed to prepare nonswellable and tough hydrogel. To realize a strong micelle cross-linker, the synergetic effect of hydrophobic and quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions is employed by introducing an alkyl chain-protected ureido pyrimidinone moiety into a segmented copolymer backbone. The length of the alkyl is the key factor in determining the strength of the hydrophobic interaction, which was carefully tailored to gain micelles with high strength and suitable solubility. A supramolecular hydrogel was formed in situ by simply linking micelle cross-linkers with poly(ethylene glycol) chains. The strong and high-density micelle cross-linkings restrain multiple effective chains outside the micelle from stretching during swelling, and the deformability of micelle cross-linkings disperses the local stress to maintain the network with high cross-linking density upon loading. Therefore, the hydrogel exhibited an outstanding nonswelling behavior under physiological conditions and excellent mechanical properties with a compressive strength of 4 MPa. The rapid in situ gelation also facilitated injection and cell encapsulation. Meanwhile, it also showed good tissue adhesion, cytocompatibility, and suitable degradability. This novel and facile strategy can offer new insights into the exploitation of cross-linkings to prepare nonswellable hydrogels for biomedical applications.
A frequency-domain study on the effect of DC-link decoupling capacitors (2013)

DC-link decoupling capacitors are generally placed near the power switches in the converter to minimize the parasitic ringing and voltage overshoot on the devices. In this paper, the influence of decoupling capacitors on the turn-off parasitic ringing of power MOSFETs is studied in the frequency domain based on a small-signal modeling approach. This new angle helps explain the effect of these capacitors in a simpler and more straightforward way compared to the traditional time-domain analysis, and provides a deeper insight into the problem. A rule of thumb about the selection of effective decoupling capacitance value can also be derived from this study.
Compromising Radiated Emission from a Power Line Communication Cable (2011)

This contribution presents a preliminary investigation on the possibility of eavesdropping, i.e., of extracting information by exploiting the electromagnetic field radiated in the vicinity of a power line communication (PLC) network. This kind of problem is usually known in the electromagnetic compatibility area under the codename TEMPEST. Electromagnetic field measurements were carried out in a laboratory environment, both inside and outside a building, and the main statistical characteristics of the compromising channel are presented. A software tool simulating a PLC communication has been developed and used to draw apreliminary conclusion on whether the radiated emissions can be exploited or not.
Th1, Th2 Serum Cytokines and Spleen White Pulp Changes Against Preliminary L. Major Vaccine Injection and Challenge With Live L. Major Promastigotes in Balb/C Mice (2015)

Introduction: Human Leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide and is mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with a prevalence of 12 million cases and an approximately incidence of 0.5 million cases of visceral Leishmaniasis(VL) and 1.5 million cases of cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Leishmania parasites are vector-born protozoan pathogens found in tropical and subtropical regions of both the old and new world. The disease in human can be divided into cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal syndromes. The aim of this study was to conduct further studies over our new formulation of Leishmania major vaccine which experimentally had satisfactory results. Method: For the detail of the procedure it is referred to the author’s previous publications. Briefly one hundred and twenty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups as LT, LB, LBT and control groups. Groups LT, LB and LBT injected subcutaneously with the antigen and the same booster doses with a week interval. The expansion rates of the spleen white pulp size was evaluated and the levels of the serum TH1 (IFN-γ, IL-12) and TH2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines measured with the ELISA method. Results: Comparing to the LT and LB groups, the LBT group had highest levels of serum IL-12, lowest levels of IL-10 and highest increase in the spleen white pulp size. Significant negative correlation was observed between IL-12 and IL-10 but not IFN-γ or IL-4. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the LBT group which received crude cocktail Leishmania antigen plus alcoholic extract of Teucrium polium and BCG as adjuvants showed satisfactory cytokines profile comparing to groups LT and LB, since highest levels of IL-12 and lower levels of IL-10 could help the infected subjects to inhibit or eradicate the intracellular Leishmania amastigotes, and also highest increase in the spleen white pulp size which pointed to the synergistic effects of BCG and alcoholic extract of T. polium.
Two-chambered water-filled geomembrane tubes used as water barriers: experiments and analysis (2005)

Geomembrane tubes are used to withstand external water in various applications, such as flood control, diversion or impoundment of water, and dewatering work sites (i.e. as cofferdams). The external lateral pressure must be resisted, so that the tube does not roll or slip along the ground. Two techniques involving multi-chambered tubes are examined here. In one, the tube has a perforated internal baffle (diaphragm) to resist deformation and rolling. In the other, two tubes are surrounded by an outer tube (sleeve), and friction between the components helps to stabilize the structure. Experiments are conducted on the latter case, and numerical analysis using the finite difference program FLAC is applied to both cases. Various geometrical and friction properties, internal pressures, and headwater levels are considered. Deflected shapes, tensions, critical headwater levels, and corresponding failure modes are determined. The effects of several parameters are investigated. In the examples treated, the critical headwater levels range up to 90% of the height of the baffle tube and up to 80% of the height of the sleeved dam. These devices can be effective fluid barriers (e.g. in place of sandbags for flood protection) if the headwater levels are not too high.
Sensitive 3-omega measurements on epitaxial thermoelectric thin films (2014)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis with Gold Complexes Immobilized on Carbon Nanotubes by π—π Stacking Interactions: Heterogeneous Catalysis versus the Boomerang Effect. (2014)

Abstract A pyrene tagged gold catalyst is developed and tested for the cyclization of 1,6‐enynes (I), (III), and carbonates of type (V).
Intracardiac 4D Flow MRI in Congenital Heart Disease: Recommendations on Behalf of the ISMRM Flow & Motion Study Group (2019)

5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:677-681.
Application of gel microdroplet and flow cytometry techniques to selective enrichment of non-growing bacterial cells (2001)

We describe an application of gel microdroplet (GMD) and flow cytometry techniques to selective enrichment of non-growing Leuconostoc mesenteroides cells, which are well culturable on other media, from a mixture with Bacillus subtilis cells in nutrient broth. After encapsulating cells of the mixed population within GMDs and a brief incubation in nutrient broth, the inability of L. mesenteroides cells to form microcolonies within GMDs allowed their discrimination from B. subtilis cells. After staining the GMD mixture with 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, which showed no influence on cell viability, the GMDs containing single cells of L. mesenteroides were selectively collected using flow cytometry sorting based on differences in fluorescence intensity. The cells of L. mesenteroides retained viability during the process.
Reproducibility of Measurements of Ventricular Performance and Oxygen Consumption at Rest and Exercise Using Supine Radionuclide Ventriculography in Coronary Artery Disease (1986)

Repeat ventricular function and oxygen consumption (VO2) studies were obtained for ten patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) at rest and during supine radionuclide exercise ventriculography. Additionally, each patient underwent an upright exercise treadmill test so that cardiovascular responses during supine and upright exercise could be compared. Measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction, rate-pressure product (RPP), and VO2 either at rest or during exercise were reproducible using supine radionuclide ventriculography tests. Comparison of data between supine ergometry and upright treadmill exercise showed higher blood pressure but lower heart rate and VO2 values for supine exercise. There were significant correlations in the two postures for maximum heart rate and RPP during exercise. Since ventricular function and VO2 are reproducible using supine radionuclide ventriculography, this procedure can be used not only as a diagnostic test, but for measurement of functional capacity and VO2 after a therapeutic intervention. Inasmuch as maximum upright heart rate and RPP can be reasonably predicted from supine exercise testing, supine exercise could serve in certain situations as an alternative method for establishing an exercise prescription.
Culture of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

In this unit standard culture conditions for mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) on primary murine embryonic fibroblast (PMEF or MEF) monolayers, culture conditions without MEF for feeder-independent mESCs, and culture conditions in chemically defined media for both feeder-independent mESCs and feeder-dependent mESCs are described. For expansion of an mESC line, it is crucial that cells maintain their undifferentiated state and their self-renewal capacity, and that they remain karyotypically normal, all of which are necessary for successful chimerization of the germ line upon blastocyst injection. Derivation and culture conditions for the original mESCs have been described (notably Robertson, 1987; Smith, 1991; Nagy et al., 2003), however, as there are more and more mESC lines available, it becomes evident that culture conditions are cell-line specific to some extent, and there is a constant demand for culturing details for mESC lines derived from different mouse strains.
Blue organic seven segment display based on poly (9,9-dioctyfluorene)with β-phase emission (2010)

In this work, organic seven segment displays based on poly(9,9-dioctyfluorene), PFO, have been fabricated. PFO has consolidated as an attractive material for PLEDs due to its efficient blue emission [1] and high hole mobility. Additionally, PFO has a particular conformation, called β-phase associated to extended PFO chain conformation, which is of great interest for potential device applications because, among all others, it has the highest photoluminescence quantum efficiency [2] and the best colour stability [3]. The structure fabricated uses Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as anode, Poly(3,4 -ethylenedioxythiophene) /poly(4- styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport layer and Ba:Al as cathode. After thoroughly cleaning the substrates (covered with ITO) a photolithography process is carried out in order to pattern the anode. Next, the organic layers (PEDOTT:PSS and PFO) are spin casted. Finally, metals (Ba~30 nm and Al~100 nm) are thermally evaporated in an atmosphere of 6x10 -6 Torr. PFO is dissolved in toluene at 1 % wt. A detailed description of the fabrication process can be found in [4]. Finally, the device is encapsulated (using an epoxy and a glass tap) and contacts are indium soldered on the pads. In figure 1, we can observe the shadow mask used for the anode photolitography process (left) and the final device lighting in a zero configuration (right).
<title>Advanced silicon etching using high-density plasmas</title> (1995)

High density plasmas are beginning to dominate the market for advanced anisotropic silicon etching for MEMS applications. This paper looks at the reasons behind this dominance for high etch rate, deep anisotropic etching. A discussion of anisotropic etch mechanisms highlights the need for sidewall passivation to meet these requirements. Results are presented of a novel room temperature advanced silicon etch process: &gt;= 2 micrometers /min; &gt;= 70:1 selectivity to resist (and &gt;= 150:1 to oxide); up to 30:1 aspect ratio; 500 micrometers depth capability; using a non-toxic, non-corrosive environmentally acceptable fluorine-based chemistry.
A Novel Two-Degree-of-Freedom Mechatronic Bed for Insomnia Treatment (2017)

The population prevalence of insomnia has been surveyed numerous times and is among the most common medical complaints. This common problem has wide ranging psychological and physiological health consequences. Ample anecdotal evidence exists that motion promotes sleep: automobile and train passengers are routinely observed becoming drowsy and falling asleep [1]. The sleep-inducing effect of motion has long been appreciated in the scientific community as well. For example, rocking effectively produces sleep in infants [2]. Sleepiness is also a primary symptom of motion sickness and in some cases may be its sole manifestation [3]. To date, three studies have attempted to determine whether vestibular stimulation promotes sleepiness in adults. Two of these studies involved rocking beds. In one study, investigators found that regular, periodic motion achieved using a rocking bed reduced sleep onset latency (SOL) and increased REM in normal sleepers [4]. In another study, normal sleepers napped in a swinging bed of the same design. The study showed that rocking motion promotes sleep onset and transition to deeper, more restful stages of sleep [5]. In another study, investigators employed electrical stimulation of the inner ear in an attempt to decrease SOL, finding a significant reduction in a subset of participants whose SOL was elevated at baseline [6]. This illustrates that insomniacs may be particularly responsive to vestibular stimulation. The non-pharmacological promotion of sleep is an active commercial pursuit with numerous related patents filed and commercial products introduced in recent years; however, existing devices suffer serious shortcomings. Previous experimental and current commercial designs intended for adults function(ed) as a pendulum, requiring a custom bed (and associated custom linens) along with a special overarching scaffolding installation to suspend the bed [7]. An advanced robotic infant seat [8], while elegantly designed, utilizes active load support, severely limiting the maximum weight capacity and excluding the possibility that a similar implementation could be used for adults. Phillips Respironics developed the SleepWave, a non-invasive (clip-on) device to electrically stimulate the vestibular nerve to generate the sensation of motion, which has undergone promising clinical trials but is not yet commercially available [9]. The motivation for a mechatronic bed as a treatment for insomnia is based on the demonstrated link between motion-induced vestibular stimulation and sleep induction. To date, no design has been proposed that is practical to implement or capable of being incorporated into existing beds: cost, necessary dedicated physical space, and convenience represent substantial barriers to acceptance.
Design and Synthesis of Powerful Capsule Catalysts Aimed at Applications in C1 Chemistry and Biomass Conversion (2017)

Tandem catalytic reaction is a promising strategy to improve the utilization efficiency of energy and resources. The conventional hybrid catalysts cannot readily realize the precisely controlled synthesis of target products due to the unrestricted, open reaction environment. Assembling the hybrid catalyst with multiple active sites into core-shell structured capsule catalyst is one of the most effective ways to enhance the selectivity of desired products during a tandem catalysis process, because the core-shell structure offers a space-confined reaction field and synergistic effect. This review describes our recent progresses on the design and synthesis of core-shell structured zeolite capsule catalysts developed for C1 chemistry and biomass conversion. The various synthesis methods for constructing the well-defined zeolite capsule catalysts are described in detail. The applications of the capsule catalysts in catalysis, including the middle isoparaffins synthesis from syngas, one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether, and liquid-phase tandem reaction of glycerol conversion, are discussed, respectively. Our perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field are also provided.
The Immunoregulatory Role of CD244 in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and its Inhibitory Potential on Virus-Specific CD8+ T-cell Function (2010)

CD244 and PD-1 are highly coexpressed on virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in chronic HBV infection and blocking CD244 or its ligand CD48 may restore T-cell function independent of the PD-1 pathway. CD244 may thus be another potential target for immunotherapy in chronic viral infections.
Normalizing tweets with edit scripts and recurrent neural embeddings (2014)

Tweets often contain a large proportion of abbreviations, alternative spellings, novel words and other non-canonical language. These features are problematic for stan-dard language analysis tools and it can be desirable to convert them to canoni-cal form. We propose a novel text nor-malization model based on learning edit operations from labeled data while incor-porating features induced from unlabeled data via character-level neural text embed-dings. The text embeddings are generated using an Simple Recurrent Network. We find that enriching the feature set with text embeddings substantially lowers word er-ror rates on an English tweet normaliza-tion dataset. Our model improves on state-of-the-art with little training data and with-out any lexical resources. 1
Die innerkristalline Quellung als allgemeines Modell für Quellungsvorgänge (1958)

Abstract Die eindimensionale, innerkristalline Quellung hängt in erster Linie von der Größe der Äquivalentfläche, von der Ladung und Größe der Gegenionen und vom Solvatationsbestreben der Gegenionen und der quellenden Baueinheiten ab. Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen können auf das Quellungsverhalten recht unterschiedlich einwirken. Der p H‐Wert übt nur dann einen besonderen Einfluß aus, wenn sich mit ihm auch die Anzahl der Ladungen auf den quellenden Baueinheiten und der Gegenionen pro Flächeneinheit, also die Größer der Äquivalentfläche ändert. – Die zweidimensionale Quellung von Polyphosphaten und Desoxyribonucleinsäuren und die vorwiegend ungeordnete Quellung von Eiweiß scheinen von den gleichen Faktoren bestimmt zu werden.
Modeling line edge roughness effects in sub 100 nanometer gate length devices (2002)

A fast method to estimate the effects of line edge roughness is proposed. This method is based upon the use of multiple 2D device "slices" sandwiched together to form a MOS transistor of a given width. This method was verified to yield an accurate representation of rough edge MOS transistors through comparisons to full three dimensional simulations. A subsequent statistical study shows how the variation in line edge roughness affects the values and variances of several key device parameters.