gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleoside Polyphosphates. IX.1 The Reversible Formation of Pyrophosphates from Monoesters of Phosphoric Acid by Reaction with Acetic Anhydride2 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleoside Polyphosphates. IX.1 The Reversible Formation of Pyrophosphates from Monoesters of Phosphoric Acid by Reaction with Acetic Anhydride2H. G. Khorana and J. P. VizsolyiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 17, 4660–4664Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01526a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01526a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of a "single shot" of urokinase on fibrinolytic activities in patients with IgA nephropathy. (1984)

A study on the clinical effects of urokinase in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Three different methods of administration, including single, continuous, and mixed administration, were employed in this study. Measurements of plasminogen, plasmin and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor levels in plasma were performed during the course of urokinase administration in patients with IgA nephropathy and chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis. Measurements of alpha 1-anti-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were also performed in these patients. Urinalysis was performed both before and after administration of urokinase. It was demonstrated that a single shot of urokinase induced a significant fibrinolytic activity in patients with IgA nephropathy, and that a single shot of urokinase was effective in improving proteinuria and/or hematuria in patients with IgA nephropathy. It is concluded that a single shot of urokinase may be useful for treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy.
The Disposition of Ara-C and Its Metabolites: A Pharmacokinetic Simulation (1975)

Describes a computer model of the pharmacokinetics of anticancer agents, and applies it to the drug cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), a major factor in the improved survival rate for adult leukemia. Although the model is applicable to any species, the authors concentrate on applying it to the experimental therapeutics of mouse leukemia. They show that ara-CTP — the metabolite of ara-C that is known to kill dividing cells or severely inhibit their rate of DNA synthesis — is present in tissue, after a single injection of ara-C, for times that are much longer than those estimated from ara-C levels alone. Thus, since the kinetics of ara-C and ara-CTP [in vivo] are quite different, the use of ara-C concentrations to predict states of the ara-CTP-dependent properties of toxicity or DNA inhibition can lead to large errors. The study also elaborates on the need for further measurements of certain enzyme levels (phosphatase) that are determinants of long ara-CTP halving time.
Volcanoes, hydrothermal venting, and the origin of life (2005)

The first traces of life on Earth date back to the early Archean age. Microfossils of cyanobacteria-like prokaryotes within fossil stromatoliths demonstrate that life already existed 3.5 billion years ago (Awramik et al., 1983; Schopf and Packer, 1987; Schopf, 1993). Life had already originated much earlier, possibly by the end of the major period of meteorite impacts about 3.9 billion years ago (Schopf et al., 1983; Mojzsis et al., 1996). At that time, the Earth is generally assumed to have been much hotter than today (Ernst, 1983). Questions arise about possible physiological properties, modes of energy acquisition, and kinds of carbon sources of the earliest organisms which may have made their living in a world of fire and water.
Advances in the genetics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2023)

Advances in our understanding of the genetics of NAFLD will enable clinical risk stratification and yield potential therapeutic targets.
The effect of menopause on the lung function among Korean women; the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES IV) (2012)

Background – Sex hormones appear to play an important role in women9s lung health. But the literature on menopause and lung health is scarce, especially lung function. Some studies showed improvement or no change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced volume capacity (FVC) in association with hormone therapy. And a few studies showed that postmenopausal women had significantly lower FEV1 and FVC, especially among lean women. This study examined whether menopausal status was related to the lung function. Design & Methods – Data were obtained from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2007-9. A total of 1382 Women aged 44 to 61 years not receiving hormone replacement (712 premenopausal women and 670 postmenopausal women) were included in this analysis. Women who were current pregnancy, lactation, amenorrhea induced by hysterectomy were excluded. In our study, a postmenopausal woman was defined as a woman whose current age was 1 year than her age of menopause.Age,height, BMI, smoking status were adjusted by multiple linear regression analysis Results – Postmenopausal status is not significantly associated with lower FVC (-33mL, p-value = 0.353), but associated with lower FEV1(-77mL, p-value = 0.032). Conclusion - Postmenopausal status can be related with lower lung function in this study.
Chemical Study of Organic-HF Blends Leads to Improved Fluids (1997)

Abstract Organic-HF blends have successfully stimulated sandstone formations with corrosion concerns, HCl-sensitive mineralogy, and/or crude oil incompatibilities, three conditions in which the use of typical HCl-based fluids can result in severe damage. Despite the success of such blends, very little work has been published on the reactivity of organic-HF fluids with aluminosilicates. Recent work on the chemistry of HF acidizing focused on HCl-HF systems.1 This paper discusses the chemistry of organic-HF systems as determined by laboratory reactivity tests, 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, and organic-HF flowback analyses. Laboratory reactivity testing revealed severe precipitation problems associated with the currently used acetic-HF and formic-HF systems. Flowback analyses after organic-HF field treatments fully supported the laboratory results. A 19F NMR spectroscopic study of the fluoride distribution throughout the primary, secondary, and tertiary reactions helped explain the precipitation and when it might occur. From this work, new organic-HF systems were developed that prevent precipitation while maintaining all the advantages associated with the acetic-HF and formic-HF fluids. The retarded nature of these systems is discussed in this paper.
Altered spatial learning and memory in mice lacking the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptor. (1998)

The glutamate analog, L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) is a selective agonist for several members of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family. Activation of presynaptic mGluRs by L-AP4 causes a suppression of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. In this study, the role of 1 subtype of mGluR in the nervous system was investigated by analyzing mutant mice lacking the L-AP4-sensitive receptor, mGluR4. Experiments designed to probe hippocampal function showed no impairments in acquisition of spatial learning in the water maze task. However, in a spatial reversal learning task, the mutant mice exhibited significantly accelerated learning performance. Furthermore, in a probe trial administered 6 weeks posttraining, these mice showed impaired spatial accuracy. The results suggest that the mutant mice differed in their ability to learn and integrate new spatial information into previously formed memory traces and that their use of stored spatial information also was altered. Thus, the presynaptically expressed mGluR4 plays a role in the processing of spatial information.
Formulation of Differential Work Hardening of 6000 Series Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Application to Finite Element Analysis (2014)

The deformation behavior of 6000 series aluminum alloy sheets under biaxial tension was precisely measured for linear stress paths, using servo-controlled biaxial tensile tests with both cruciform and tubular specimens. The tubular specimens were fabricated by bending and laser-welding as-received flat sheet materials. Differential work hardening (DWH) behavior was observed; the shapes of the contours of the plastic work constructed in the principal stress space changed with an increase in plastic work. A new constitutive model that can reproduce the DWH behavior was proposed; the model is based on the Yld2000-2d yield function with the exponent and material parameters changing as functions of plastic work. Finite element analysis of hydraulic bulge forming was performed using both the proposed DWH model and the conventional isotropic hardening model based on selected yield functions. The calculated results based on the DWH model were in closest agreement with the experimental results. Thus, the new constitutive model has been verified to be effective for improving the accuracy of the FEA.
Abstract A138: Identification of key immune regulators that control obesity-induced liver inflammation and diseases (2016)

Abstract Obesity has become a major risk factor for a number of human diseases, including cancer. Amongst different types of malignancies, obesity appears to have the highest association-rate with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the dominant form of primary liver cancer. Obesity-induced sterile inflammation is the key switch mediating the transition from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and HCC. However, the molecular mechanism underlying obesity-induced hepatic inflammation remains poorly understood. We show that fat accumulation increases liver damage and release of DAMP (damage-associated molecular patterns) from dying hepatocytes, to amplify inflammation and accelerate hepatic disease progression. These DAMP induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in macrophages, which direct inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in a manner that requires activation of a calcium permeable channel, TRPM2 (transient receptor potential melastatin 2). Blockade of mtROS generation, removal of extracellular calcium or ablation of TRPM2 expression in macrophages abolished DAMP-induced inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, suggesting that a “mtROS-TRPM2” pathway drives DAMP-induced inflammation. Moreover, we identified HMGB1 as the key DAMP released from lipid-damaged hepatocytes. By using HMGB1 neutralizing antibody, we found it suppressed HMGB1 expression in the liver of MUP-uPA mice (an animal model for human NASH), and markedly attenuated liver damage, accumulation of lipid droplets, inflammation, and fibrosis, which represent typical features of human NASH. These results also suggest that HMGB1 is a key component of a vicious autoregulatory cycle triggered by HFD consumption, that mains ER stress and liver inflammation, as well as elevated HMGB1 expression and release. Citation Format: Zhenyu Zhong, Atsushi Umemura, Shuang Liang, Michael Karin. Identification of key immune regulators that control obesity-induced liver inflammation and diseases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A138.
The intranasal endoscopic removal of schwannoma of the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae via the prelacrimal recess approach (2015)

The intranasal endoscopic removal of schwannoma from PPF and ITF via PLRA can spare the whole lateral nasal wall, resulting in a reduction in morbidity. This is a novel minimally invasive surgical method for PPF and ITF tumors.
Radial force investigation of a bearingless PM motor considering spatial harmonics of magnetic flux distribution (2016)

This paper investigates the radial suspension force of a bearingless permanent magnet motor with concentrated winding and discusses the generalization. The spatial harmonics are included in the magneto-motive force distribution, when the concentrated winding is used. This spatial harmonics as well as the revolving direction may have significant influence on the suspension force generation. The radial suspension force in the X-axis and undesirable interference force in the Y-axis with the X-axis current are theoretically calculated, considering the spatial harmonics in the magneto-motive force distribution and the revolving direction. The suspension forces of a 12-slot/10-pole bearingless surface permanent magnet motor with two possible winding configurations are calculated and compared as an example.
CARE JOBS: an educational game on job quality in chronic care settings (2016)

CARE JOBS is a game designed for educating people working in chronic care settings on the relation between job characteristics and job quality. The game is based on Karasek’s Job Demand/Control (JD/C) Model, which predicts that job quality results from the joint effects of workload (i.e. job demands) and autonomy (i.e. job control). The game is about dressing toy dolls, which represent residential care clients. Twelve, sixteen or twenty participants are divided over four tables, each representing a residential care unit. At each table, one of the job types identified by the JD/C Model is simulated. Job demands are manipulated by controlling the number of dolls. Job controls are manipulated by (lack of) strict clothing rules and (lack of) access to extra clothing in the storage. Participants are instructed to dress their residents in six minutes time. In the debriefing, participants are asked after their results and experiences. Guided by the facilitator, participants reconstruct the JD/C Model. The full game can be played in half an hour time. The game is appealing because of its simplicity, and offers starting points for further interventions in the organization of work.
BioPhi: A platform for antibody design, humanization and humanness evaluation based on natural antibody repertoires and deep learning (2021)

Abstract Despite recent advances in transgenic animal models and display technologies, humanization of mouse sequences remains the primary route for therapeutic antibody development. Traditionally, humanization is manual, laborious, and requires expert knowledge. Although automation efforts are advancing, existing methods are either demonstrated on a small scale or are entirely proprietary. To predict the immunogenicity risk, the human-likeness of sequences can be evaluated using existing humanness scores, but these lack diversity, granularity or interpretability. Meanwhile, immune repertoire sequencing has generated rich antibody libraries such as the Observed Antibody Space (OAS) that offer augmented diversity not yet exploited for antibody engineering. Here we present BioPhi, an open-source platform featuring novel methods for humanization (Sapiens) and humanness evaluation (OASis). Sapiens is a deep learning humanization method trained on the OAS database using language modeling. Based on an in silico humanization benchmark of 177 antibodies, Sapiens produced sequences at scale while achieving results comparable to that of human experts. OASis is a granular, interpretable and diverse humanness score based on 9-mer peptide search in the OAS. OASis separated human and non-human sequences with high accuracy, and correlated with clinical immunogenicity. Together, BioPhi offers an antibody design interface with automated methods that capture the richness of natural antibody repertoires to produce therapeutics with desired properties and accelerate antibody discovery campaigns. BioPhi is accessible at https://biophi.dichlab.org and https://github.com/Merck/BioPhi .
Bubble evolution in acoustic droplet vaporization at physiological temperature via ultra-high speed imaging (2011)

Acoustic droplet vaporization in a rigid tube at body temperature was investigated experimentally using an ultra-high speed camera. This study was motivated by gas embolotherapy, a developmental cancer treatment in which gas microbubbles that are selectively formed by acoustically vaporizing liquid droplets in vivo are used to occlude tumor blood flow. The evolution of microbubbles formed by acoustic droplet vaporization was analyzed and a four-stage empirical curve was fit to the growth. Viscous resistance from the tube was shown to dampen oscillations of the microbubbles even though the bubble diameter was smaller than the tube diameter. The results suggest that, for some parameter values, vaporization may still be occurring when the bubble expansion starts and indicate the importance of this in modeling the growth of bubbles formed by acoustic droplet vaporization.
Nuclear receptor SHP inhibition of Dnmt1 expression via ERRγ (2011)

We describe a transcriptional mechanism regulating the expression of Dnmt1 by nuclear receptors. We show that ERRγ functions as a transcriptional activator of mouse and human Dnmt1 expression by direct binding to its response elements (ERE1/ERE2) in the dnmt1/DNMT1 promoters. The induction of Dnmt1 by ERRγ is repressed by SHP through SHP inhibition of ERRγ transactivity, diminishing ERRγ recruitment to the Dnmt1 promoter, and altering the conformation of local chromatin from an active mode by ERRγ to an inactive mode. Our study provides the first evidence for nuclear receptor mediated regulation of Dnmt1 expression through ERRγ and SHP crosstalk.
Revisiting Reweighted Wake-Sleep (2018)

Discrete latent-variable models, while applicable in a variety of settings, can often be difficult to learn. Sampling discrete latent variables can result in high-variance gradient estimators for two primary reasons: 1. branching on the samples within the model, and 2. the lack of a pathwise derivative for the samples. While current state-of-the-art methods employ control-variate schemes for the former and continuous-relaxation methods for the latter, their utility is limited by the complexities of implementing and training effective control-variate schemes and the necessity of evaluating (potentially exponentially) many branch paths in the model. Here, we revisit the reweighted wake-sleep (RWS) (Bornschein and Bengio, 2015) algorithm, and through extensive evaluations, show that it circumvents both these issues, outperforming current state-of-the-art methods in learning discrete latent-variable models. Moreover, we observe that, unlike the importance weighted autoencoder, RWS learns better models and inference networks with increasing numbers of particles, and that its benefits extend to continuous latent-variable models as well. Our results suggest that RWS is a competitive, often preferable, alternative for learning deep generative models.
Introduction (2018)

L’idée de départ de notre réflexion est née d’un constat pragmatique de l’historien : la différence entre le droit, le statut des espaces de la cité romaine et les usages qui en sont faits. En effet, si le vocabulaire juridique latin définit le privatus par une conception restrictive – « est privé ce à quoi il manque un caractère public » – force est de constater que les échanges, les interactions entre sphère publique et sphère privée sont réciproques et permanents. En témoigne la pratique q...
Identification and Characterization of RNA Binding Proteins through Three‐Hybrid Analysis (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Strategy of the Method Detailed Components Troubleshooting Additional Applications Summary References
Parameterization of shortwave ice cloud optical properties for various particle habits (2002)

The relative importance of ice clouds in the climate system is highly uncertain. Measurements of their microphysical properties are sparse, especially given their complex structure and large variability in particle size, shape, and density. To better understand the role of ice clouds in the climate system, parameterizations of their radiative properties are needed. The shortwave bulk optical properties of seven ice particle shapes, or “habits,” are parameterized as a function of the effective “radius” and ice water content by integrating the scattering properties over 30 in situ size distributions. The particle habits are solid and hollow hexagonal columns, hexagonal plates, two‐ and three‐dimensional bullet rosettes, aggregates of columns, and dendrites. Parameterizations of the volume extinction coefficient, single‐scattering albedo, and the asymmetry parameter are presented for 6, 24, and 56 band shortwave schemes from 0.2 to 5.0 μm. Applications to downwelling flux and upwelling radiance calculations indicate that differences in fluxes for various habits can be more than 15%, and differences in retrievals of cloud optical depth from satellite visible reflectances can be more than 50%.
Identification of biomarkers of meat quality by high throughput analyses of muscle transcripts and serum metabolites of two lines of broilers divergently selected on breast meat ultimate pH (2015)

The processing ability of chicken meat is very variable, which could impact on the competitiveness of the poultry industry. As in pig, high variations in ultimate pH lead to defects of appearance, conservation and processing yields. To understand the biological and genetic mechanisms involved in the control of poultry meat quality, two chicken lines were divergently selected on the breast meat ultimate pH (pHu): the pHu- and the pHu+ lines. Their average pHu diverges of 0.5 pH units in the breast Pectoralis major (PM), which corresponds to a 20% difference of muscle glycogen (pHu- > pHu+). The present study aims at identifying biomarkers of meat quality by using high throughput approaches for the profiling of the muscle transcriptome (8x60K custom Agilent microarray) and for the characterization of metabolome in muscle and serum (proton and phosphorus NMR analysis on muscle and proton NMR on serum). The analysis by Gene Ontology of the differentially expressed genes between muscles from the pHu- and the pHu+ lines indicates an over-representation of genes involved in 6 processes, i.e., the sarcomere organization, the positive regulation of phosphorylation, the pyruvate metabolism, the glycolysis, and the coenzyme and phosphorus metabolism. Most of the genes involved in the glycolysis pathway were over-expressed in the pHu- compared to the pHu+ line. The serum of the pHu- chickens was characterized by higher glucose level and lower concentrations in byproducts of purine degradation compared to the pHu+ line. These observations could help at a better understanding of the molecular pathways underlying the differential ability of the pHu- and pHu+ line to store glycogen in their muscle. By defining a set of pertinent biomarkers, our goal is to build a predictive model of the breast muscle ultimate pH to optimize the quality of poultry meat in relation to breeding and rearing factors.
ONOS Security & Performance Analysis (Report No. 1) (2017)

Informational Report