gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promysalin Elicits Species-Selective Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Targeting Succinate Dehydrogenase (2018)

Natural products have served as an inspiration to scientists both for their complex three-dimensional architecture and exquisite biological activity. Promysalin is one such Pseudomonad secondary metabolite that exhibits narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity, originally isolated from the rhizosphere. We herein utilize affinity-based protein profiling (AfBPP) to identify succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) as the biological target of the natural product. The target was further validated in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and through the selection, and sequencing, of a resistant mutant. Succinate dehydrogenase plays an essential role in primary metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the only enzyme that is involved both in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and in respiration via the electron transport chain. These findings add credence to other studies that suggest that the TCA cycle is an understudied target in the development of novel therapeutics to combat P. aeruginosa, a significant pathogen in clinical settings.
Generating Views Using Atmospheric Correction for Contrastive Self-supervised Learning of Multi-spectral Images (2023)

&lt;p&gt;In remote sensing, plenty of multi-spectral images are publicly available from various landcover satellite missions. Contrastive self-supervised learning is commonly applied to unlabeled data but relies on domain-specific transformations used for learning. When focusing on vegetation, standard transformations from image processing cannot be applied to the NIR channel, which carries valuable information about the vegetation state. Therefore, we use contrastive learning, relying on different views of unlabelled, multi-spectral images to obtain a pre-trained model to improve the accuracy scores on small-sized remote sensing datasets. This study presents the generation of additional views tailored to remote sensing images using atmospheric correction as an alternative transformation to color jittering. The purpose of the atmospheric transformation is to provide a physically consistent transformation. The proposed transformation can be easily integrated with multiple channels to exploit spectral signatures of objects. Our approach can be applied to other remote sensing tasks. Using this transformation leads to improved classification accuracy of up to 6%.&lt;/p&gt;
Correlations between Crystallite/Particle Size and Photoluminescence Properties of Submicrometer Phosphors (2007)

Correlations between crystallite/particle size and the luminescent characteristics of submicrometer phosphors were investigated. Spray pyrolyzed europium doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu3+) particles were selected as a model material. Crystallite size and the particle size were controlled independently. The morphology and crystallite structure were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and selected area electron diffraction. Photoluminescence (PL) properties were examined by spectrofluorophotometry and an absolute PL quantum efficiency (QE) measurement system. Chemical analyses and elemental mapping were conducted by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and STEM equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The results revealed that the PL properties were strongly dependent on crystallite size, particle size, surface chemistry, and the distribution of europium inside the phosphor particles. The PL intensities and QE increased with increasing crystallite size and particle size. The effect of crystallite size on PL properties played a more important role than that of particle size.
Controlling the Cavity Structures of Two‐Photon‐Pumped Perovskite Microlasers (2016)

Low-threshold two-photon-pumped (TPP) perovskite microcavity lasers are achieved in crystal perovskite 1D or 2D microstructures fabricated through a liquid-phase self-assembly method assisted by two distinct surfactant soft templates. The lasing actions from the perovskite materials exhibit a shape-dependent microcavity effect, which is subsequently utilized for the modulation of the lasing modes and for the achievement of two-photon-pumped single-mode perovskite microlasers.
Advances in Active Radar Seeker Technology (2005)

Active radar seekers have gained wide applications in the terminal phase of missile guidance to provide hit-to-kill capability. Till recently, coherent monopulse tracker configurations were being used extensively for air-to-air missile seekers as well as surface-to-air missile seekers, while special real-beam technique-based seekers have been employed in antiship and land-attack systems. In this paper, features of active radar seekers have been described against different targets and background conditions to bring out the fact that the seeker design is highly applicationspecific in nature. The emerging trends in radar seeker technology have been identified wrt ever-changing threat scenario coupled with newer electronic countermeasure techniques, including the latest developments in components, subsystems, as well as implementation aspects.
Experimental and computational study of the gas-sensor behaviour and surface chemistry of the solid-solution Cr2–xTixO3 (x ≤ 0.5) (2002)

The solid solution Cr2−xTixO3 is an excellent gas sensor material, with stability of performance over the short and long-term and minor influences of variations of humidity. It is the first new material to be successfully commercialised in large-volume manufacture for sensing of hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOC), hydrogen and carbon monoxide at low (ppm) concentrations in air since the introduction of SnO2 for this purpose in the 1960s. The phase limit is at x ≃ 0.3–0.4, above which a 2-phase mixture with CrTiO3 is found. Substitution of Ti strongly decreases the electrical conductivity of the porous bodies studied. Surface high-valency Cr, assumed to be CrVI, whose proportion is decreased by Ti substitution, is detected by XPS. This effect, and the surface segregation of Ti, control the gas sensor behaviour. Defect models of the (0001) and (102) surfaces have been assessed by computational modelling: in the absence of Ti, one stable defect is a CrVI–VCr‴ pair, which is surface segregated at (0001) and contributes to the relatively high p-type conductivity shown by finely porous bodies of Cr2O3 at elevated temperature; with Ti addition, a stable defect, also surface segregated, is the complex (Ti˙Cr)3VCr‴. Distortion of the arrangement of surface oxygen above the Cr vacancy creates a possible binding site; the high-valency surface cation creates another. It is suggested that the two sites act in concert to promote the dissociation of oxygen and the surface reaction needed for gas sensing.
Magnetic Properties of Organic Spin-Ladder Systems, (BDTFP) 2 X (PhCl) 0.5 (2002)

Magnetic investigation was carried out for quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors, (BDTFP) 2 X (PhCl) 0.5 ( X =AsF 6 , PF 6 ). They show Metal-Insulator transitions at low temperatures. To clarify the mechanism of the transitions, we performed ESR and NMR measurements. The low temperature electronic states of the title compounds are discussed by a microscopic point of view.
Photobiological Solar Energy Harvest (2012)

In 2010, the United States consumed 36.96 quadrillion BTUs (39 quadrillion kJ) of liquid petroleum fuels (EIA, 2011). Even assuming the adoption of more stringent fuel economy standards and unconventional vehicle technologies, this number is expected to grow steadily with rising population and corresponding demand in the transportation sector. As the economies of developing countries strengthen, the global spread of industrialization and personal transportation will cause the demand for liquid fuel to rise dramatically in regions of historically low consumption. According to studies conducted by the Energy Information Administration, from 2007 to 2035, growth in the transportation sector accounts for 87 percent of the total increase in world liquid fuel consumption (EIA, 2010). Figure 1 displays this projected growth of liquid fuel consumption by various energy consuming sectors.
Upgrading transport protocols using untrusted mobile code (2003)

In this paper, we present STP, a system in which communicating end hosts use untrusted mobile code to remotely upgrade each other with the transport protocols that they use to communicate. New transport protocols are written in a type-safe version of C, distributed out-of-band, and run in-kernel. Communicating peers select a transport protocol to use as part of a TCP-like connection setup handshake that is backwards-compatible with TCP and incurs minimum connection setup latency. New transports can be invoked by unmodified applications. By providing a late binding of protocols to hosts, STP removes many of the delays and constraints that are otherwise commonplace when upgrading the transport protocols deployed on the Internet. STP is simultaneously able to provide a high level of security and performance. It allows each host to protect itself from untrusted transport code and to ensure that this code does not harm other network users by sending significantly faster than a compliant TCP. It runs untrusted code with low enough overhead that new transport protocols can sustain near gigabit rates on commodity hardware. We believe that these properties, plus compatibility with existing applications and transports, complete the features that are needed to make STP useful in practice.
Costs of second-generation antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: US perspective (2009)

Preliminary evidence suggests that newer SGAs offer clinical, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic advantages that may translate into superior cost-effectiveness in the treatment of AR. Further study is warranted to clarify the pharmacoeconomic impact of the newer SGAs and to establish their relative cost-effectiveness.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Fluorination of Tin and Mercury Derivatives as a Route to Fluoroaromatics. (1987)

Abstract Electrophilic cleavage of the stannanes (I) and (IV) and of the aryl mercurial (III) by CF 3 OF, CsSO 4 F or fluorine yields fluorobenzene (II).
Information Retrieval Based on OCR Errors in Scanned Documents (2003)

An important proportion of documents are document images, i.e. scanned documents. For their retrieval, it is important to recognize their contents. Current technologies for optical character recognition (OCR) and document analysis do not handle such documents adequately because of the recognition errors. In this paper, we describe an approach that integrates the detection of errors in scanned texts without relying on a lexicon, and this detection is integrated in the research process. The proposed algorithm consists of two basic steps. In the first step, we apply editing operations on OCR words that generate a collection of error-grams and correction rules. The second step uses query terms, error-grams, and correction rules to create searchable keywords, identify appropriate matching terms, and determine the degree of relevance of retrieved document images. Algorithms has been tested on 979 document images provided by Media-team databases from Washington University, and the experimental results obtained show the effectiveness of our method and indicate improvement in comparison with the standard methods such as exact or partial matching, N-gram overlaps, and Q-gram distance.
GPS-based vessel position monitoring and display system (2002)

The authors provide a description of the first fully operational, GPS/Loran-based vessel monitoring system. Its monitoring workstation, communications solutions, and onboard navigation systems provide an integrated capability for the marine fleet operator. The system is a powerful tool for the fleet operator in such applications as shipping, scheduling, harbor operations, and route verification. Moreover, this concept can be applied to the larger problem of safe transport of hazardous cargo.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Risk factors for rare diseases can be risky to define (2013)

When rare neurologic diseases become topics of editorials in journals such as Nature Neuroscience ,1 the New England Journal of Medicine ,2 and Neurology ® , there is usually something of more general interest than the rare disease itself. Such is the case for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), the JC virus (JCV)-induced demyelinating disease that was once relegated for discussion to the back of the textbook, whether in microbiology or neurology. Not any longer. Incidence and publication of cases of PML have risen more than 50-fold within the last decade. Renewed recognition of PML started in the mid-1980s, when it was recognized as an AIDS-defining illness in 1%–3% of all HIV-1–infected persons, still true in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy.3 PML is reported in patients with underlying neoplastic diseases, organ transplants, and rheumatic diseases, but by 2004, PML dramatically entered the mainstream as a serious adverse event associated with a promising monoclonal antibody therapy, natalizumab, for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Nature itself showed that demyelinating diseases of substantially different etiologies and pathologies can occur in the same brain and, remarkably enough in some cases, not with a fatal outcome. In 2006, the estimated occurrence of PML in natalizumab-treated patients with MS, with an average treatment of 17 months, was 1 per 1,000.4 With more than 115,000 patients globally treated with natalizumab for longer periods of time, that estimate is 1 per 330.5 In patients who test positive for antibodies to JCV, have a clinical history of immune suppressive treatment before natalizumab, and have received more than 24 doses, the number of PML cases is 1 per 90.
Investigations of magnet wire enamels and impregnants especially for inverter-fed motors (2002)

On the area of adjustable-speed drives the importance of pulse width modulated inverters is permanently increasing. Because of connecting cables between such inverters and motors on the one hand and pulses with steep-fronted voltage waveforms on the other hand there are overvoltages at the motor terminals and a nonlinear distributed phase voltage, both additional deterioration factors for the motor insulation. Since the prevailing cause of this deterioration are partial discharges there is a need for to have insulation materials with a high partial discharge inception voltage and a high resistance to such discharges. In the first part of this paper a new developed wire enamel is presented on the basis of several investigation results as endurance behavior under inverter pulse conditions as function of thickness, structure, composition, mechanical prestress in comparison to traditional enamels. In the second part of this paper the influence of impregnating materials and procedures on the partial discharge behavior and lifetime is demonstrated. The applied samples were twisted pairs of enameled wires and motorettes, respectively. At these investigations a new created measuring technique for partial discharge indication was employed, able to detect discharges under inverter pulse conditions, not possible with pertinent commercial devices.
A Questionnaire-based Study on Patient’s Awareness Regarding Cardiac Valve Prosthesis Knowledge and Risk Perception (2021)

Introduction: In the occidental world, heart valve disease, mainly degenerative, is increasing with a higher rate of cardiac valve prosthesis implantation. Health literacy can impact health outcomes. The aim of this study was to understand in patients with cardiac valve prosthesis the patterns of knowledge regarding their own valve’s pathology, related complications, and their current multidisciplinary medical surveillance. Methods: Cross-sectional study on a group of patients with cardiac valve prosthesis, consisting of a 13-question instrument application (demographic, medical surveillance, medical background, and prosthesis related complications). Results: Fifty two patients completed the questionnaire, 48% male, 67.2±12.3 years old. A percentage of 88% had a mechanical valve. A total of 63% reported caries and periodontal disease. A percentage 48% could not identify the reason for valve replacement and 19% could not identify the location for the prosthesis. The majority had regular cardiological surveillance. Nevertheless, anual dental surveillance was only present in 38% of the inquired patients. Finally, 70% of patients could not identify one single prosthesis related complication. Conclusion: Further studies, involving several centres in different regions of Portugal are needed to further understand or confirm the described situation. Patient’s education is fundamental to improve health literacy with an impact on health outcomes.
The Chaos Panaceas (2005)

In this talk we review the work in the field of chaos applications, especially in the formulation of solutions for practical engineering problems. Using a few case studies we illustrate the various common pitfalls in the reporting of chaos applications in engineering. Our objective is to promote the prudent use of engineering judgments and proper exercise of scientific principles when applying the theory of chaos in analyzing and solving engineering problems.
Optimization of XPIC-performance (2002)

The influence of timing on the performance of baudspaced crosspolar interference cancellers is investigated. Three different timing schemes are considered with respect to their efficiency assuming baudspaced signal processing. To exploit the full potential of baudspaced cross-polar interference canceller and adaptive equalizer (XPIC-ATDE) signal processing, synchronized data rates in the V and H channels are shown to be favorable. An appropriate timing instant is presented for sampling of the XPIC input signal in conjunction with elastic stores. It is concluded that with the proposed solutions, cancellation capabilities can be achieved which maintain the system availability and transmission quality of multilevel digital radio systems with cochannel operation under severe cross-polarization interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Three Yeast Proteins Related to the Human Candidate Tumor Suppressor p33 ING1 Are Associated with Histone Acetyltransferase Activities (2000)

Three Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins (Yng1/YOR064c, Yng2/YHR090c, and Pho23) and two Schizosaccharomyces pombe proteins (Png1/CAA15917 and Png2/CAA21250) share significant sequence identity with the human candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1) in their C-terminal regions. The homologous regions contain PHD finger domains which have been implicated in chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. We show that GFP-Yng2, like human Ing1, is localized in the nucleus. Deletion of YNG2 results in several phenotypes, including an abnormal multibudded morphology, an inability to utilize nonfermentable carbon sources, heat shock sensitivity, slow growth, temperature sensitivity, and sensitivity to caffeine. These phenotypes are suppressed by expression of either human Ing1 or S. pombe Png1, suggesting that the yeast and human proteins are functionally conserved. Yng1- and Pho23-deficient cells also share some of these phenotypes. We demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation tests that Yng2 interacts with Tra1, a component of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. We further demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation that HA-Yng1, HA-Yng2, HA-Pho23, and HA-Ing1 are associated with HAT activities in yeast. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicate that the Yng2-associated HAT is Esa1, suggesting that Yng2 is a component of the NuA4 HAT complex. These studies suggest that the yeast Ing1-related proteins are involved in chromatin remodeling. They further suggest that these functions may be conserved in mammals and provide a possible mechanism for the human Ing1 candidate tumor suppressor.
Speech Enhancement Using a Soft-Decision Maximum Likelihood Noise Suppression Filter. (1979)

One way of enhancing speech in acoustic noise environments is to process the data using a noise suppression filter which performs a spectral decomposition of a frame of noisy speech and attenuates a particular spectral line depending upon how much the measured speech plus noise power exceeds an estimate of the background noise. In this paper a two‐state model (speech absent or speech present) is used in the derivation of a maximum likelihood estimator for the speech power. The result is a suppression curve that is similar to existing algorithms but which is weighted by the a posteriori probability that the current measurement corresponds to the speech state. A class of curves is obtained by varying the value of a suppression factor which can be chosen to trade off noise suppression against speech distortion. The algorithm has been implemented in real time in the time domain, exploiting the structure of the channel vocoder to perform the spectral decomposition. Extensive testing has shown that the noise ca...
A stochastic model for the simulation of the natural flow in random packed columns (1998)

Abstract A stochastic model has been developed to simulate the “natural flow” and the spatial evolution of flow patterns in the downstream direction in randomly packed beds. The natural flow is defined as the tendency of liquids flowing down a packed bed to redistribute radially in a natural fashion. A column of 0.5 m diameter with 25 mm Pall rings is selected to test the model. The simulation results of flow distributions are in good agreement with available experimental data from the literature. Unlike the existing models, our approach can simulate liquid flow distributions for different realizations of random packings.
Farnesol-derived Dicarboxylic Acids in the Urine of Animals Treated with Zaragozic Acid A or with Farnesol (1997)

Farnesyl diphosphate, the substrate for squalene synthase, accumulates in the presence of zaragozic acid A, a squalene synthase inhibitor. A possible metabolic fate for farnesyl diphosphate is its conversion to farnesol, then to farnesoic acid, and finally to farnesol-derived dicarboxylic acids (FDDCAs) which would then be excreted in the urine. Seven dicarboxylic acids were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from urine of either rats or dogs treated with zaragozic acid A or rats fed farnesol. Their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Two 12-carbon, four 10-carbon, and one 7-carbon FDDCA were identified. The profile of urinary dicarboxylic acids from rats fed farnesol was virtually identical to that produced by treating with zaragozic acid A, establishing that these dicarboxylic acids are farnesol-derived. By feeding [1-14C]farnesol and comparing the mass of the dicarboxylic acids produced with the ultraviolet absorption of the HPLC peaks, a method to quantitate the ultraviolet-absorbing FDDCAs was devised. When rats were treated with zaragozic acid A, large amounts of FDDCAs were excreted in the urine. The high level of FDDCAs that were found suggests that their synthesis is the major metabolic fate for carbon diverted from cholesterol synthesis by a squalene synthase inhibitor. A metabolic pathway is proposed to explain the production of each of these FDDCAs.
Addressing anisotropy in 3-D prestack depth migration: A case study from the Southern North Sea (2001)

This is a case study of a 3-D anisotropic prestack depth migration (APSDM) of data from Block L10 of the Dutch sector of the North Sea. Producing gas reservoirs in L10 are typical of the area in that they are contained in horst and tilted fault blocks of the Rotliegend Formation. Imaging these fault blocks is made difficult by a complex overburden greatly influenced by salt tectonics. In particular, the overburden includes chalk characterized by fast velocities and a strong vertical velocity gradient.