gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sliding Direction Dependence of Polyethylene Wear for Metal Counterface Traverse of Severe Scratches (2008)

Third-body effects appear to be responsible for an appreciable portion of the wear rate variability within cohorts of patients with metal-on-polyethylene joint replacements. The parameters dominating the rate of polyethylene debris liberation by counterface scratches are not fully understood, but one seemingly contributory factor is the scratch's orientation relative to the direction of instantaneous local surface sliding. To study this influence, arrays of 550 straight parallel scratches each representative of the severe end of the clinical range were diamond stylus-ruled onto the surface of polished stainless steel plates. These ruled plates were then worn reciprocally against polyethylene pins (both conventional and highly cross-linked) at traverse angles varied parametrically relative to the scratch direction. Wear was measured gravimetrically, and particulate debris was harvested and morphologically characterized. Both of the polyethylene variants tested showed pronounced wear rate peaks at acute scratch traverse angles (15 deg for conventional and 5 deg for cross-linked), and had nominally comparable absolute wear rate magnitudes. The particulate debris from this very aggressive test regime primarily consisted of extremely large and elongated strands, often tens or even hundreds of microns in length. These data suggest that counterface damage regions with preferential scratch directionality can liberate large amounts of polyethylene debris, apparently by a slicing/shearing mechanism, at critical (acute) attack angles. However, the predominant manifestation of this wear volume was in the form of particles far beyond the most osteolytically potent size range.
Influencia de la adolescencia en resultados perinatales (2007)

Se realiza un estudio de caso-control en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto” de la provincia Guantanamo durante el ano 2006, para determinar la influencia de la adolescencia en determinados resultados perinatales en nuestro medio, en comparacion con aquellas gestantes con edades consideradas adecuadas para el parto. Se selecciona una muestra aleatoria de 100 embarazadas adolescentes y 100 no adolescentes. Se utiliza el Odds Ratio como medida para comparar ambos grupos. Fue significativa la amenaza de parto pretermino en el 16 % de las adolescentes contra el 7 % de las no adolescentes. La anemia, enfermedad hipertensiva gravidica, rotura prematura de membranas y sepsis urinaria no tuvieron diferencias estadisticamente significativas. El bajo peso se presento en el 21 y 5 % de los grupos de estudio y de control, respectivamente. El parto distocico no tuvo diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre ambos grupos de estudio.
The Evolution of the Web and Implications for an Incremental Crawler (2000)

In this paper we study how to build an effective incremental crawler. The crawler selectively and incrementally updates its index and/or local collection of web pages, instead of periodically refreshing the collection in batch mode. The incremental crawler can improve the &amp;quot;freshness&amp;quot; of the collection significantly and bring in new pages in a more timely manner. We first present results from an experiment conducted on more than half million web pages over 4 months, to estimate how web pages evolve over time. Based on these experimental results, we compare various design choices for an incremental crawler and discuss their trade-offs. We propose an architecture for the incremental crawler, which combines the best design choices.
Cancer stem cell surface markers on normal stem cells (2017)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has captured the attention of many scientists. It is believed that elimination of CSCs could possibly eradicate the whole cancer. CSC surface markers provide molecular targeted therapies for various cancers, using therapeutic antibodies specific for the CSC surface markers. Various CSC surface markers have been identified and published. Interestingly, most of the markers used to identify CSCs are derived from surface markers present on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or adult stem cells. In this review, we classify the currently known 40 CSC surface markers into 3 different categories, in terms of their expression in hESCs, adult stem cells, and normal tissue cells. Approximately 73% of current CSC surface markers appear to be present on embryonic or adult stem cells, and they are rarely expressed on normal tissue cells. The remaining CSC surface markers are considerably expressed even in normal tissue cells, and some of them have been extensively validated as CSC surface markers by various research groups. We discuss the significance of the categorized CSC surface markers, and provide insight into why surface markers on hESCs are an attractive source to find novel surface markers on CSCs. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(6): 285-298].
Interaction between damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC transmission systems (2021)

Abstract This paper studies the interaction between the damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC‐HVDC) transmission system. First, the MMCs' input–output characteristics are obtained through the operator approach, and the influences of both linear part and nonlinear part are analysed. Second, an input–output characteristics based short‐circuit current calculation method is proposed. Third, an eigenvalue‐based comprehensive index is proposed to evaluate the damping characteristics of the MMC‐HVDC transmission system. Finally, the interaction between the damping characteristics and the initial‐stage DC short‐circuit current is analysed under different system parameters and DC system structures. The analysis results show that there is a negative correlation between the system damping characteristics and the average rising rate of the short‐circuit current. The proposed index G can effectively evaluate the short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC and can provide guidance for the planning of DC system structure, the selection of operation mode and system parameters.
Estimation of Rice Yield and Protein Content Using Remote Sensing Images Acquired by Radio Controlled Unmanned Helicopter (2008)

A digital Tetracam camera associated data acquisition system mounted on a radio controlled unmanned helicopter platform was used to acquire near-real-time remote sensing images of rice crops. The plot-based high resolution images obtained were then used to estimate rice yield and protein content. The images were taken at booting stage of rice crop variety of Supanburi-1 with the experimental plots prepared in Thailand. Fifteen rice field plots; five N-treatments (0, 33, 66, 99 and 132 kg/ha) having three replications each were arranged in a randomized block design manner in the experiments set estimating the yield and protein content. Plot-based images were obtained successfully by the acquisition sensors by operating the platform at the height of 20 m above ground. The rice yield found highly correlated with the NDVI and Green NDVI (GNDVI) values at booting stage, with the determination coefficient (r2) of 0.95. The protein content estimated in terms of total nitrogen presented in milled rice showed positive correlation with r2 of 0.50. The study indicated the suitability of unmanned helicopter based remote sensing images for precise estimation of rice yield and the scope for predicting the protein content in rice crops which would help making valuable management decisions on crop cultivation.
Author Correction: Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to humans involved the loss of an ape-specific erythrocyte invasion ligand (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21491-y
Determination of the stability of recombinant plasmid containing the coding sequence of the human growth hormone in bioreactor (2009)

Escherichia coli is one of the most widely used hosts for production of heterologous proteins. Some non-glycosylated proteins are biologically active, being prokaryotic expression systems preferred in their production. One example of these recombinant proteins is the human growth hormone (hGH), a pituitary-derived polypeptide with a wide range of biological functions including protein synthesis, cell proliferation and therapeutic applications in different treatments (TABANDEH, 2004). The use of plasmids as vector for the production of recombinant proteins is essential for example, to produce high value proteins such as human growth hormone, in sufficient amounts in industrial production line and research. In commercial production with recombinant microorganisms, one of the most important problems is plasmid instability, a tendency of the transformed cells to loose their engineered properties because of changes to, or loss of, plasmids. Instability of plasmids can result in a significant loss in productivity, being important to know whether they have structural and segregational stability (ZHANG, 1996), important factor determining either success or failure in fields of plasmid application. Structural stability describes the correct replication during cultivation of plasmid bearing cells leading to a non-altered base sequence of the plasmid. When plasmids are passed on to the daughter cells, so that each daughter cell has at least one copy, the system shows segregational plasmid stability (FRIEHS, 2004). The plasmid stability test determines the proportion of the cells maintain the target plasmid and the ability to express the target protein. In the present study we produce the hGH using Escherichia coli and we are particularly interested in the establishment of a protocol to study the stability of the
Sample method for formation of nanometer scale holes in membranes (2003)

When nanometer scale holes (diameters of 50 to a few hundred nm) are imaged in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at pressures in the 10{sup -5} to 10{sup -6} torr range, hydrocarbon deposits built up and result in the closing of holes within minutes of imaging. Additionally, electron beam deposition of material from a gas source allows the closing of holes with films of platinum or TEOS oxide. In an instrument equipped both with a focused ion beam (FIB), and an SEM, holes can be formed and then covered with a thin film to form nanopores with controlled openings, ranging down to only a few nanometers.
Supplementary Figure from Inhibition of Oxidized Nucleotide Sanitation By TH1579 and Conventional Chemotherapy Cooperatively Enhance Oxidative DNA Damage and Survival in AML (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Inhibition of Oxidized Nucleotide Sanitation By TH1579 and Conventional Chemotherapy Cooperatively Enhance Oxidative DNA Damage and Survival in AML
Use of an Anti-ras Ribozyme to Alter the Malignant Phenotype of a Human Bladder Cancer Cell Line (1996)

This study suggests that the invasive phenotype is blunted with the anti-ras ribozyme, delaying but not abolishing the metastatic phenotype. These results further delineate the roles of ras genes in malignancy and demonstrate that ribozymes may be a powerful tool for exploring the role of individual oncogenes and may be used as anticancer agents.
Antibiotic dialogues: induction of silent biosynthetic gene clusters by exogenous small molecules (2016)

Natural products have traditionally served as a dominant source of therapeutic agents. They are produced by dedicated biosynthetic gene clusters that assemble complex, bioactive molecules from simple precursors. Recent genome sequencing efforts coupled with advances in bioinformatics indicate that the majority of biosynthetic gene clusters are not expressed under normal laboratory conditions. Termed 'silent' or 'cryptic', these gene clusters represent a treasure trove for discovery of novel small molecules, their regulatory circuits and their biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we assess the capacity of exogenous small molecules in activating silent secondary metabolite gene clusters. Several approaches that have been developed are presented, including coculture techniques, ribosome engineering, chromatin remodeling and high-throughput elicitor screens. The rationale, applications and mechanisms attendant to each are discussed. Some general conclusions can be drawn from our analysis: exogenous small molecules comprise a productive avenue for the discovery of cryptic metabolites. Specifically, growth-inhibitory molecules, in some cases clinically used antibiotics, serve as effective inducers of silent biosynthetic gene clusters, suggesting that old antibiotics may be used to find new ones. The involvement of natural antibiotics in modulating secondary metabolism at subinhibitory concentrations suggests that they represent part of the microbial vocabulary through which inter- and intraspecies interactions are mediated.
Therapeutic Time Window of Perampanel for the Termination of Diazepam-Resistant Status Epilepticus(SE) in a Lithium-Pilocarpine Rat Model (P3.267) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic time window of perampanel for the termination of diazepam-resistant status epilepticus (SE) in a lithium-pilocarpine rat model. BACKGROUND: The AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel is approved in Europe and the USA as adjunctive treatment for partial-onset seizures in patients aged 蠅12 years. Previously, perampanel terminated SE when administered 30 minutes after seizure initiation in a lithium-pilocarpine rat model, whereas diazepam only terminated SE when administered at 10 minutes (Ido & Hanada. Abstract 3.221, AES Annual Meeting 2012). Here, the same model was used to further explore the therapeutic time window of perampanel, and to evaluate another AMPA receptor antagonist, GYKI52466. DESIGN/METHODS: An electroencephalography (EEG) electrode was implanted onto the primary somatosensory cortex of male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-450 g), with a reference electrode on the cerebellum. Lithium chloride 3 mEq/kg was administered intraperitoneally, followed 18-26 h later by scopolamine methyl bromide 5 mg/kg and pilocarpine 30 mg/kg. Perampanel 8 mg/kg or GYKI52466 50 mg/kg were administered intravenously 30 (GYKI52466), 60 (perampanel), or 90 (perampanel) minutes after seizure initiation (when the first EEG spike train occurred). Seizures were ‘terminated’ if SE-type high-frequency EEG spike activity was abolished within 30 minutes. RESULTS: When administered at 60 minutes, perampanel terminated seizures in 6/6 rats. Efficacy was reduced when administered at 90 minutes: 2/6 rats experienced seizure termination; 2/6 had EEG suppression with seizure recurrence; 2/6 did not achieve seizure termination. When administered at 30 minutes, GYKI52466 terminated seizures in 2/4 rats. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm observations that AMPA receptor antagonists terminate SE in a lithium-pilocarpine model, with a longer therapeutic time window than diazepam. Study Supported by: Eisai Co., Ltd.
Energy-controlled optimization algorithm for rechargeable unmanned aerial vehicle network (2017)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in civil and military fields. For a working UAV, the energy is limited, the coverage distance is short and the loading capacity is restricted. In order to execute more tasks in complex environment, there is a trend that UAVs are used in cluster and coordinated with each other. Wireless charging technology can charge the unmanned aerial vehicles in time and effectively extend the life of UAVs to reduce the number of disabled UAVs. In this paper, the scheduling algorithm for charging UAVs cluster is studied. By comparing with other optimization algorithms, the most suitable charge scheduling control algorithm can be evaluated according to the number of surviving nodes in a certain time in the rechargeable unmanned aircraft group.
Good Response of Advanced Thymic Carcinoma with Low PD-L1 Expression to Chemotherapy plus Pembrolizumab as First-Line Therapy and to Pembrolizumab as Maintenance Therapy: A Case Report (2022)

Thymic carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. No standard treatment is currently available. The present case was a 64-year-old male smoker with no symptoms referred to our hospital because of abnormal chest radiological findings. The CT study showed a tumor between the anterior mediastinum and the right lung upper lobe, multiple nodular shadows along the right pleura, and pleural effusion. A CT-guided needle biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. However, the differential diagnosis between thymic carcinoma and primary lung cancer was difficult. Treatment with carboplatin, nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab was initiated. The CT scan showed tumor shrinkage and good clinical response after four treatment cycles. Therapy was switched to maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab alone. Imaging studies showed further tumor shrinkage after twelve cycles of maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab. Sixteen cycles of maintenance therapy were continued without performance status deterioration. An abnormal radiological finding was detected after a twelve-month exacerbation-free period. The diagnosis was thymic carcinoma. Treatment with lenvatinib was initiated, and tumor-size reduction was observed. This is the first report of a case showing a successful maintenance therapy with pembrolizumab after effective first-line therapy with a combination of carboplatin-based chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab in advanced thymic carcinoma.
Control of fatty acid desaturation: a mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans (2006)

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) have profound effects on the fluidity and function of biological membranes. Microorganisms, plants and animals regulate the synthesis of UFAs during changing environmental conditions as well as in response to nutrients. UFAs homeostasis in many organisms is achieved by feedback regulation of fatty acid desaturase gene transcription through signalling pathways that are governed by sensors embedded in cellular membranes. Here, we review recently discovered components of the regulatory machinery governing the transcription of fatty acid desaturases in bacteria, yeasts and animals that indicate an ancient role of transmembrane signalling mechanisms and integrate membrane composition with lipid biosynthesis.
Crescerin uses a TOG domain array to regulate microtubules in the primary cilium (2020)

Eukaryotic cilia are cell-surface projections critical for sensing the extracellular environment. Defects in cilia structure and function result in a broad range of developmental and sensory disorders. However, mechanisms that regulate the microtubule (MT)-based scaffold forming the cilia core are poorly understood. TOG domain array–containing proteins ch-TOG and CLASP are key regulators of cytoplasmic MTs. Whether TOG array proteins also regulate ciliary MTs is unknown. Here we identify the conserved Crescerin protein family as a cilia-specific, TOG array-containing MT regulator. We present the crystal structure of mammalian Crescerin1 TOG2, revealing a canonical TOG fold with conserved tubulin-binding determinants. Crescerin1's TOG domains possess inherent MT-binding activity and promote MT polymerization in vitro. Using Cas9-triggered homologous recombination in Caenorhabditis elegans, we demonstrate that the worm Crescerin family member CHE-12 requires TOG domain–dependent tubulin-binding activity for sensory cilia development. Thus, Crescerin expands the TOG domain array–based MT regulatory paradigm beyond ch-TOG and CLASP, representing a distinct regulator of cilia structure.
Ultrasensitive direct fluorescent immunoassay for thyroid stimulating hormone. (1998)

Phycobilisomes are photosynthetic antennae complexes of red algae and cyanobacteria (1)(2)(3) . They have been chemically cross-linked in such a way that they remain soluble and stable (4) . These stabilized phycobilisomes (PBXLTM dyes) have large complex weights (between 1.0 × 107 and 1.5 × 107 Da) and Stokes shifts. They contain a large number of chromophores coordinated to efficiently transfer energy down an energy gradient and emit between 662 and 666 nm. The PBXL-1 dye, used in the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) model, contains B-phycoerythrin, R-phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin as its component phycobiliproteins. Each PBXL supramolecular complex can deliver up to 1400 chromophores per binding event without indirect signal generation steps, signal amplification, or enzyme substrates. PBXL dyes provide physical amplification of signal, enabling ultrasensitive direct fluorescent immunodetection of such clinically relevant analytes as TSH.

TSH was used as a model system for a microplate immunoassay because of its clinical importance and high sensitivity requirements. The detection limit of the PBXL based assay was 0.01 mIU/L (6.2 × 10−14 mol/L).

We used the following reagents: plate-coating buffer containing 100 mmol/L sodium phosphate (pH 7.4), 150 mmol/L sodium chloride, and …
<title>Morphological surface change of elastomers by excimer laser ablation</title> (1997)

Laser ablation of composite materials consisted of elastic polymer and carbon black was carried out for surface modification of composite sheets. The ablated surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. High intensity irradiation produced cylindrical protuberances on the surface. With the increase of laser pulses the protuberances became large in 20-30 micrometers by aggregation of small ones. Low intensity irradiation produced dome-like Voronoi polyhedrons as the results of development of dispersed carbon particles. The microstructure formation is of interest from the viewpoints of tribological applications.
SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE OPTIC DISK IN OPTIC NEUROPATHY (2016)

Optical coherence tomography angiography provides high-resolution, noninvasive visualization of the microvasculature of the optic nerve head and peripapillary region. Changes in the microvasculature in this region may prove useful in better characterization of optic neuropathies.
Understanding Allergic Reactions to Local Anesthetics (1996)

A true immunologic reaction to a local anesthetic is rare. Intradermal skin testing of local anesthetic compounds, methylparaben, and metabisulfite should be performed in patients when a thorough history does not rule out a possible allergic reaction to local anesthetics and future local anesthesia is necessary. Skin testing enables the clinician to identify autonomic responses to minor surgical procedures and toxic reactions to anesthetics so that patients are not incorrectly labeled as "caine" allergic. Diphenhydramine can be used as an alternative to ester and amide local anesthetics in minor procedures of short duration.
Genetic variability & chemotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil & cisplatin in head & neck cancer patients: a preliminary study. (2013)

The findings of this preliminary study suggested an association between the variants of GSTM1 and toxicity observed due to cisplatin. Well planned studies on a large sample of head and neck cancer patients need to be conducted to understand the effects of these genetic variants on toxicity and efficacy of anticancer drugs.