gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness of Ulcerative Colitis Surveillance in the Setting of 5-Aminosalicylates (2009)

If 5-ASA is efficacious chemoprevention for UC-associated CRC, endoscopic surveillance might be safely performed every 2 years or less often. Such practice could decrease burdens to patients and on endoscopic resources with a minimal decrease in quality-adjusted length of life, because 5-ASA with annual surveillance may cost nearly $1 million per additional QALY gained.
Portable guided-mode resonance biosensor platform for point-of-care testing (2012)

It represents a viable solution for the realization of a portable biosensor platform that could screen/diagnose acute
myocardial infarction by measuring cardiac marker concentrations such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB
(CK-MB), and myoglobin (MYO) for application to u-health monitoring system. The portable biosensor platform
introduced in this presentation has a more compact structure and a much higher measuring resolution than a conventional
spectrometer system. Portable guided-mode resonance (GMR) biosensor platform was composed of a biosensor chip
stage, an optical pick-up module, and a data display panel. Disposable plastic GMR biosensor chips with nano-grating
patterns were fabricated by injection–molding. Whole blood filtration and label-free immunoassay were performed on
these single chips, automatically. Optical pick-up module was fabricated by using the miniaturized bulk optics and the
interconnecting optical fibers and a tunable VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser). The reflectance spectrum
from the GMR biosensor was measured by the optical pick-up module. Cardiac markers in human serum with
concentrations less than 0.1ng/mL were analyzed using a GMR biosensor. Analysis time was 30min, which is short
enough to meet clinical requirements. Our results show that the GMR biosensor will be very useful in developing lowcost
portable biosensors that can screen for cardiac diseases.
Synthesis and Spectral Characterisation of Dicyanopyrazine-related Cyanoheterocycles (2013)

Four dicyanopyrazine-related cyanoheterocycles have been synthesised and characterised; they show different absorption maxima values and molar absorptivity in absorption spectra. HOMO and LUMO energy levels have been obtained by electrochemical measurements and DMol3 calculation and show little difference in HOMO values but big differences in LUMO values. Their UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectra have been investigated in chloroform and toluene and their aggregation decreases as the concentration decreases in toluene.
On contrast parameters and topographic artifacts in near-field infrared microscopy (2000)

Near-field microscopy overcomes the diffraction limit through the partial conversion of the evanescent fields, formed around the subwavelength sources of light, into propagating waves by interactions between the probe and the sample. Contrast parameters in this imaging technique are quite different from those in conventional (far-field) optics. We study the mechanisms of image formation in the transmission mode of a near-field microscope in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum (6–10 μm). The amount of light propagating from a subwavelength aperture through a flat substrate (“allowed” light) is found to strongly increase as the tip approaches the sample, generating topographic artifacts in near-field images. Such artifacts can be eliminated by flat sample preparation techniques. The transmitted power is strongly influenced by the refraction index of the sample resulting in a substantial difference of the near-field spectrum from the far-field one. A model describing tunneling of light through a subwavelength aperture into the substrate has been developed and is in very good agreement with the experimental data. The model predicts that spectral sensitivity is enhanced with smaller tip diameters.
Impact of Real World Drive Cycles on PHEV Fuel Efficiency and Cost for Different Powertrain and Battery Characteristics (2009)

For the past couple of years, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) demonstrated their ability to significantly reduce petroleum consumptions. However, more than any other vehicle powertrain, their benefits are dependent on the driving cycles from both an aggressiveness and distance point of view. In this paper, two powertrain configurations will be defined. A power split configuration will be used for low battery energy and a series configuration for high battery energy. For each vehicle we will evaluate several control strategies, including electrical dominant and blended, on real world drive cycles. A conventional vehicle will be defined to use as a baseline. The trade-off between fuel displacement and cost will be evaluated for each option.
High capacity with limited spectrum in cellular systems (1997)

The rapid growth of wireless telecommunication establishes the need for capacity evolution methods for the cellular systems of today. The authors discuss some important aspects of creating high-capacity cellular networks that operate with a limited amount of frequency spectrum. Macrocells are initially used to build a network with cost-effective wide-area coverage. By decreasing site-to-site distance and tightening frequency reuse, the capacity of the macro network can be increased substantially. Subsequently, micro- and picocells are added, creating a multilayered cellular network. Methods such as power control, efficient frequency allocation, and traffic control between the layers are employed to exploit the full potential of the network.
A Longitudinal Study of Identifying and Paying Down Architectural Debt (2018)

Architectural debt is a form of technical debt that derives from the gap between the architectural design of the system as it "should be" compared to "as it is". We measured architecture debt in two ways: 1) in terms of system-wide coupling measures, and 2) in terms of the number and severity of architectural flaws. In recent work it was shown that the amount of architectural debt has a huge impact on software maintainability and evolution. Consequently, detecting and reducing the debt is expected to make software more amenable to change. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of a healthcare communications product created by Brightsquid Secure Communications Corp. This start-up company is facing the typical trade-off problem of desiring responsiveness to change requests, but wanting to avoid the ever-increasing effort that the accumulation of quick-and-dirty changes eventually incurs. In the first stage of the study, we analyzed the status of the "before" system, which indicated the impacts of change requests. This initial study motivated a more in-depth analysis of architectural debt. The results of this analysis were used to motivate a comprehensive refactoring of the software system. The third phase of the study was a follow-on architectural debt analysis which quantified the improvements made. Using this quantitative evidence, augmented by qualitative evidence gathered from in-depth interviews with Brightsquid's architects, we present lessons learned about the costs and benefits of paying down architecture debt in practice.
Detecting Trojan horses based on system behavior using machine learning method (2010)

The Research of detection malware using machine learning method attracts much attention recent years. However, most of research focused on code analysis which is signature-based or analysis of system call sequence in Linux environment. Obviously, all methods have their strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we concentrate on detection Trojan horse by operation system information in Windows environment using data mining technology. Our main content and contribution contains as follows: First, we collect Trojan horse samples in true network environment and classify them by scanner. Secondly, we collect operation system behavior features under infected and clean circumstances separately by WMI manager tools. And then, several classic classification algorithms are applied and a performance comparison is given. Feature selection methods are applied to those features and we get a feature order list which reflects the relevance order of Trojan horse activities and the system feature. We believe the instructive meaning of the list is significant. Finally, a feature combination method is applied and features belongs different groups are combined according their characteristic for high classification performance. Results of experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our assumption that detecting Trojan horses by system behavior information is feasible and affective.
Threshold dose of liver tumor promoting effect of β-naphthoflavone in rats (2012)

To determine the threshold dose of β-Naphthoflavone (BNF) that induces hepatocellular tumor promoting effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) formation, and drug-metabolizing enzymes that protect against ROS generation, two-stage liver carcinogenesis model was used. Partial hepatectomized rats (n = 11 to 12) were fed diets containing 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.125 or 0.25% BNF for 6 weeks after an intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathologically, glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci significantly increased in rats given 0.25% BNF. No marked changes in ROS production and TBARS contents were observed between the BNF treated and DEN alone groups. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1 and Nqo1 significantly increased in the groups given 0.03% BNF or more, but Ugt1a6, Akr7a3 and Gstm1 significantly increased in the groups given 0.125% BNF or more. Gpx2 and Yc2 significantly increased in the groups given 0.06% BNF or more and 0.25% BNF, respectively. Inflammation-related genes such as Ccl2, Mmp12, Serpine1 and Cox-2 significantly increased in the 0.25% BNF group. In immunohistochemistry, the number of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-positive cells increased in rats given 0.25% BNF. These results suggest that 0.25% BNF is the threshold dose for liver tumor promotion, and the fact that inflammation-related genes and COX-2 protein increased in the 0.25% BNF group strongly suggests that inflammation is involved in the liver tumor promoting effect of BNF in rats.
Status and development of the TOP-IMPLART Project (2020)

The TOP-IMPLART project consists of the design and implementation of a linear proton accelerator, its control and monitoring systems for the treatment of superficial and semi-deep tumors. The energy of 150 MeV (corresponding to a penetration in tissue of about 15 cm) is a milestone in design being useful for the proton therapy treatment of almost 50% of tumors based on their position and depth (including ocular melanoma, head-neck tumors, pediatric tumors, and more superficial tumors). The capability to vary the intensity on a pulse-to-pulse basis combined with an electronic feedback system allows to get the required dose uniformity (2.5%) reducing the number of re-paintings. In this paper the state of the art and the objectives of the TOP-IMPLART project are described within the framework of the progress of Protontherapy.
On the effects of clock offset in OFDM-based Passive Bistatic Radar (2013)

In Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR) a local communications transmitter is used as an illuminator. A Line Of Sight (LOS) signal is captured to use as a template for radar processing. This may be cleaned via demodulation and remodulation, removing short-delay copies and sensor noise. However differences between the transmitter clock and local clock cause the remodulated signal to be mismatched to the transmitted signal, causing degradation of delay-Doppler processing output. This study presents a model which captures the effect of clock disparity upon remodulated OFDM signals. The model is used in simulation to illustrate the specific effect of clock offsets on PBR by examination of delay-Doppler output. It is shown that modification of the template to account for time-varying clock offsets can restore the delay-Doppler output to be nearly ideal.
Anti-Dorsalizing Morphogenetic Protein is a novel TGF-β homolog expressed in the Spemann organizer (1995)

We have identified a novel growth factor in Xenopus, which is most closely related to human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-3. Its expression peaks during gastrulation, most prominently in the Spemann organizer, and persists in the posterior neural floor plate and prechordal plate during neurulation. Injection of the corresponding mRNA into dorsal blastomeres results in dose-dependent suppression of dorsal and anterior structures, even in the presence of lithium chloride. Overexpression of the gene downregulates the dorsalizing factors noggin, goosecoid and follistatin, as well as the dorsal markers NCAM, muscle actin and MyoD; conversely, ventral markers are induced. We therefore designate this gene product Anti-Dorsalizing Morphogenetic Protein (ADMP). Though development of dorsoanterior structures is suppressed when exogenous ADMP is injected, the gene is induced by lithium chloride treatment or activin, both of which are known to produce the opposite effect. Thus, the expression of ADMP resembles that of several dorsalizing signals, but its product exerts dorsal-suppressing activity. This suggests that ADMP may moderate organizer-associated dorsalizing influences. These findings are also consistent with the recently advanced proposal of dorsally expressed inhibitory activin-like signals.
Spectral and Photophysical Studies of Poly[2,6-(1,5-dioctylnaphthalene)]thiophenes (2007)

A complete spectroscopic and photophysical study of three alternating naphthalene-α-thiophene copolymers was undertaken in solution (room and low temperature) and in the solid state (thin films in a Zeonex matrix). The study comprises absorption, emission, and triplet−triplet spectra together with quantitative measurements of quantum yield (fluorescence, intersystem-crossing, internal conversion, and singlet oxygen formation) lifetimes and singlet and triplet energies. The overall data allow the determination of the rate constants for all the decay processes. Comparison between the behavior of analogous 1-naphthyl(oligo)thiophenes and the 2,6-naphthalene(oligo)thiophene copolymers allows several important observations. First, the polymers display higher fluorescence quantum yields and lower S1∼∼→T1 intersystem-crossing yields than the oligomers. This can be attributed to the presence of the 1,5-dioctyloxynaphthalene groups in the copolymers leading to a more rigid polymer backbone, which decreases radiationless deactivation and increases the radiative efficiency. Second, the singlet and triplet energies are significantly lower in the polymers than with the corresponding oligomers. This implies a lower HOMO−LUMO energy difference in the polymers due to an extended π-delocalization. Third, the singlet-to-triplet (S1−T1) energy splitting is higher in the oligomers than with the polymers, even though the former display higher intersystem-crossing yields. It is suggested that this may result from intersystem-crossing in the oligomers involving significant charge-transfer (CT) character (spin-orbit coupling is mediated by CT mixing involving the singlet and triplet states in matrix elements of the type 〈1ΨCT |H‘|3Ψ1〉) of the relevant excited states but that is less important with the polymers. We believe that this may be relevant to understanding the nature of CT states in conjugated copolymers.
Fiabilité des résonateurs de type BAW pour les applications dans le secteur des télécommunications (2006)

L'impact des fortes temperatures et forts taux d'humidite sur les resonateurs BA West determine grâce aux caracterisations RF, diffraction et fluorescence X. Ensuite, les TCF des differentes technologies de BA W sont determinees bien au-dela des gammes de temperatures specifiques au domaine des telecommunications. Pour ameliorer la stabilite thermique des structures, la compensation en temperature est etudiee de maniere theorique. D'autre part, pour etudier l'auto echauffement, un banc en puissance RF a ete specialement concu dans le cadre de ce projet pour mesurer en temps reelle coefficient de reflexion a l'entree du resonateur. Une camera infrarouge ayant une resolution spatiale de 2 /lm/pixel permet une cartographie precise de la temperature. Enfin, des analyses 3D FEM sont comparees aux mesures infrarouges.
An EV quick charger based on CHAdeMO standard with grid-support function (2015)

An electric vehicle (EV) quick charger based on CHAdeMO standard with grid-support function is proposed in this paper. The current source modular converter configuration is used to perform the charging pulses with both positive and negative pulse to achieve required time for an EV which is less than 30 minutes. The use of current source converter can offer the inherit fault tolerance capability and bidirectional power flow. CHAdeMO protocol is modified for grid-support function. The 50 kW prototype is developed to validate the proposed notion. The simulation and experimental results illustrate that the proposed pulse frequency charging technique requires about 16 minutes to fully charge of the battery from 20% of SOC to 80% of SOC. The results suggest that the proposed technique can be applied for an electric vehicle quick charger station.
Growth factors in the regulation of pericellular proteolysis: a review. (1989)

La presente revue considere les donnees recentes concernant la modulation de la proteolyse pericellulaire par les facteurs de croissance et l'implication de ces derniers dans l'activite proteolytique de differents cancers
Extracellular vesicles from plasma have higher tumour RNA fraction than platelets (2020)

In addition to Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), the notion of "Tumour-Educated Platelets" (TEP) has recently emerged as a potential source of tumour-derived biomarkers accessible through blood liquid biopsies. Here we sought to confirm the suitability of the platelet blood fraction for biomarker detection in comparison to their corresponding EV fraction. As publications have claimed that tumour RNA and other tumour-derived material are transferred from tumour cells to the platelets and that tumour-derived transcripts can be detected in platelets, we chose to focus on RNA carrying a mutation as being of bona fide tumour origin. After informed consent, we collected prospective blood samples from a cohort of 12 melanoma patients with tissue-confirmed BRAF V600E mutation. Each blood specimen was processed immediately post collection applying two published standard protocols in parallel selecting for EVs and platelets, respectively. The RNA of each fraction was analysed by a highly sensitive ARMS RT-qPCR enabling the quantification of the mutant allele fraction (%MAF) of BRAF V600E down to 0.01%. In a direct comparative analysis, the EV fraction contained detectable BRAF V600E in 10 out of 12 patients, whereas none of the patient platelet fractions resulted in a mutant allele signal. The platelet fraction of all 12 patients contained high amounts of wild-type BRAF signal, but no mutation signal above background was detectable in any of the samples. Our observations suggest that the phenomenon of tumour RNA transfer to platelets occurs below detection limit since even a very sensitive qPCR assay did not allow for a reliable detection of BRAF V600E in the platelet fraction. In contrast, EV fractions derived from the same patients allowed for detection of BRAF V600E in 10 of 12 blood specimens.
Tuning nanoscopic self‐assembly of diblock copolymer blends on a two‐dimensional interface (2010)

Abstract Spreading amphiphilic diblock copolymers on a two‐dimensional liquid interface has been observed to produce nanoscale features via self‐assembly. Here, we develop a model that incorporates the effects of polymer entanglement and surface diffusion in polymer blends to quantitatively predict the size of experimentally observed structures. Simulations show that different polymers in the blend cooperate to self‐assemble into nanoscale features of varying sizes. Characteristic nanoscopic dimensions can be tuned by adjusting two easily controllable macroscopic quantities: the blend composition and the initial surface concentration. Theoretical predictions are in agreement with experimentally measured feature dimensions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Synergistic antitumour effect of a combination of toremifene and interferon-α on ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells: Dependence on interferon-α subtype (2002)

We investigated the effect of toremifene, interferon-alpha2a, interferon-alpha2b and interferon-alpha2c, singly and in combination for their effect on the growth of ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. Median effect analysis was used to determine synergistic or additive effects. Anti-proliferative studies showed that the growth of ZR-75-1 cells was inhibited to a greater extent by combination treatment with toremifene plus interferon-alpha2a, resulting in a synergistic interaction (CI <1) for all concentrations tested. A combination of toremifene plus interferon-alpha2b resulted in a synergistic interaction (CI <1) for the two highest concentrations of toremifene (10(-6) and 10(-7) M) and an additive effect (CI approximately equal to 1) for the lower concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-10) M). When toremifene was combined with interferon-alpha2c no additive or synergistic interaction was determined.
Morphological Effects on Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), a Marker of Metastasis (2013)

Cancer cells typically demonstrate altered morphology during the various stages of disease progression as well as metastasis. While much is known about how altered cell morphology in cancer is a result of genetic regulation, less is known about how changes in cell morphology affect cell function by influencing gene expression. In this study, we altered cell morphology in different types of cancer cells by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton or by modulating attachment and observed a rapid up-regulation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) super-family. Strikingly, this up-regulation was sustained as long as the cell morphology remained altered but was reversed upon allowing cell morphology to return to its typical configuration. The potential significance of these findings was examined in vivo using a mouse model: a small number of cancer cells grown in diffusion chambers that altered morphology increased mouse serum GDF15. Taken together, we propose that during the process of metastasis, cancer cells experience changes in cell morphology, resulting in the increased production and secretion of GDF15 into the surrounding environment. This indicates a possible relationship between serum GDF15 levels and circulating tumor cells may exist. Further investigation into the exact nature of this relationship is warranted.