gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies for mitigating the effects of internal arcing faults in medium-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear (2002)

There are numerous strategies currently employed to mitigate the effects of an internal arcing fault in medium-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear. As we learn more about the behavior of the arcing fault and how the switchgear and installation affect the severity of the fault, it is recognized that many of the techniques may be combined to improve performance. A review of the internal arcing fault and mitigation techniques is provided with discussion on how these techniques may be combined to produce positive results. When the mitigation technique has a response time that is longer than the rise time of the internal overpressure phenomenon associated with arcing faults, a need for structurally enhanced switchgear exists. A new test guide for measuring the structural enhancements is offered and strategies for coordination of arc resistant construction with mitigation techniques are discussed.
Adjuvanted poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine elicits cross-protective immune response in pigs (2014)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is an economically devastating disease, causing daily losses of approximately $3 million to the US pork industry. Current vaccines have failed to completely prevent PRRS outbreaks. Recently, we have shown that poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated PRRSV vaccine (NP-KAg) induces a cross-protective immune response in pigs. To further improve its cross-protective efficacy, the NP-KAg vaccine formulation was slightly modified, and pigs were coadministered the vaccine twice intranasally with a potent adjuvant: Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole-cell lysate. In vaccinated virulent heterologous PRRSV-challenged pigs, the immune correlates in the blood were as follows: 1) enhanced PRRSV-specific antibody response with enhanced avidity of both immunoglobulin (Ig)-G and IgA isotypes, associated with augmented virus-neutralizing antibody titers; 2) comparable and increased levels of virus-specific IgG₁ and IgG₂ antibody subtypes and production of high levels of both T-helper (Th)-1 and Th2 cytokines, indicative of a balanced Th1-Th2 response; 3) suppressed immunosuppressive cytokine response; 4) increased frequency of interferon-γ(+) lymphocyte subsets and expanded population of antigen-presenting cells; and most importantly 5) complete clearance of detectable replicating challenged heterologous PRRSV and close to threefold reduction in viral ribonucleic acid load detected in the blood. In conclusion, intranasal delivery of adjuvanted NP-KAg vaccine formulation to growing pigs elicited a broadly cross-protective immune response, showing the potential of this innovative vaccination strategy to prevent PRRS outbreaks in pigs. A similar approach to control other respiratory diseases in food animals and humans appears to be feasible.
A New Method for the Phosphorylation of Alcohols by Means of Bromine and Dibenzylhydrogen Phosphite (1966)

Abstract Various alkyldihydrogen phosphates were obtained in good yields by reacting alcohols, dibenzylhydrogen phosphite, and bromine in the presence of triethylamine, followed by catalytic hydrogenation. When benzyl alcohol and diethyl phosphite were used in the above reaction, only the oxidation of the latter took place, giving diethylhydrogen phosphate in an excellent yield. These results suggest that the above phosphorylation of alcohol proceeds through a quaternary phosphonium salt, i. e., dibenzyloxyalkyloxyhydroxy phosphonium bromide, which is then converted into an alkylbenzylhydrogen phosphate. The effect of tertiary amines on this type of phosphorylation was also examined.
Acute appendicitis: transcript profiling of blood identifies promising biomarkers and potential underlying processes (2016)

Patients with acute appendicitis have detectable changes in the mRNA expression levels of factors related to neutrophil innate defense systems. The low defensin mRNA levels suggest that appendicitis patient's immune cells are not directly activated by pathogens, but are primed by diffusible factors in the microenvironment of the infection. The detected biomarkers are consistent with prior evidence that biofilm-forming bacteria in the appendix may be an important factor in appendicitis.
Continuous Stereo Self-Calibration by Camera Parameter Tracking (2009)

This paper presents a consistent framework for continuous stereo self-calibration. Based on a practical analysis of the sensitivity of stereo reconstruction to camera calibration uncertainties, we identify important parameters for self-calibration. We evaluate different geometric constraints for estimation and tracking of these parameters: bundle adjustment with reduced structure representation relating corresponding points in image sequences, the epipolar constraint between stereo image pairs, and trilinear constraints between image triplets. Continuous, recursive calibration refinement is obtained with a robust, adapted iterated extended Kalman filter. To achieve high accuracy, physically relevant geometric optimization criteria are formulated in a Gauss-Helmert type model. The self-calibration framework is tested on an active stereo system. Experiments with synthetic data as well as on natural indoor and outdoor imagery indicate that the different constraints are complementing each other and thus a method combining two of the above constraints is proposed: While reduced order bundle adjustment gives by far the most accurate results (and might suffice on its own in some environments), the epipolar constraint yields instantaneous calibration that is not affected by independently moving objects in the scene. Hence, it expedites and stabilizes the calibration process.
Unterschiedliches Geschlecht von Spender und Empfänger verschlechtert Ergebnisse nach Lebertransplantation von Patienten mit primär sklerosierender Cholangitis - Analyse des Europäischen Lebertransplantationsregisters (ELTR) (2008)

Einleitung: Eine mögliche Bedeutung der Übereinstimmung des Geschlechts von Spender und Empfänger bei Lebertransplantation von Patienten mit Primär Sklerosierender Cholangitis (PSC) ist unbekannt. In dieser Studie soll daher anhand eines Updates der multizentrischen Datenbank des ELTR die Bedeutung des Geschlechts von Empfänger und Spender auf den Langzeitverlauf von Patient und Transplantat untersucht werden.
Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4-Hydroboration of N-Heteroarenes (2018)

Combinations of Ni(acac)2 with phosphine ligands were found to catalyze the regioselective hydroboration of N-heteroarenes with pinacolborane, affording N-borylated 1,4-reduction products. Preliminary mechanistic studies have focused on the isolation and study of potential intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
SU-GG-T-242: The Use of a Commercial Multi-Detector Device for Daily QA of Linear Accelerators (2008)

Purpose: With the increasing number of complex treatments there is a pressing need for QA tools that can help improve QA efficiency and comprehensiveness. The clinical use of a commercial multi-detector device for daily QA of linear accelerators is presented. Method and Materials: The DailyQA 3™ (Sun Nuclear, Melbourne, FL) device consists of 25 detectors: 5 ionization chambers for flatness, symmetry, and output check; 4 curved ionization chambers for photon energy check by studying beam flatness; 4 circular chambers with inherent attenuators for electron energy verification; 4 sets of three diodes with 5 mm spacing for light-radiation coincidence check. During morning output check, the open 20×20 cm2 field is formed by MLC in order to check the SMLC positioning. For DMLC delivery check, a slit with 2 cm gap is programmed to move across the detector array. Results: With one exposure for each modality, we can verify that the output is within 3%, the symmetry (both axial ant transverse) and flatness are within 3%, light-radiation coincidence is within 3 mm, and electron energy is within 3%. The flatness is an extremely sensitive indicator to the change of X-ray energy. Our data showed that a 10% tolerance for X-ray energy was clinical acceptable, which translates to 1MV for 6MV and 2 MV for 18 MV. This meets 2% tolerance in PDD as recommended by AAPM protocol. The QA device is able to detect 1 mm SMLC error on a daily basis. The DMLC output typically is within 3%, which approximately translates to 0.6 mm leaf positioning/motion consistency. Combined with monthly picket-fence QA, it provides confidence in MLC positioning. Conclusion: The clinical use of this multi-detector device has improved the efficiency and thoroughness of linear accelerator daily QA. Reasonable action level has been established by considering dosimetric relevance and clinic flow.
Meeting report (1996)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Promoter DNA methylation analysis reveals a combined diagnosis of CpG-based biomarker for prostate cancer (2017)

// Yuanyuan Tang 1, * , Shusuan Jiang 2, * , Yinmin Gu 3 , Weidong Li 3 , Zengnan Mo 2, 4 , Yuanjie Huang 3 , Tianyu Li 2, 4 and Yanling Hu 3, 4, 5 1 Guangxi Reproductive Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China 2 Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China 3 Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China 4 Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China 5 Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Yanling Hu, email: ylhuteam@163.com Tianyu Li, email: litianyu@gxmu.edu.cn Keywords: prostate cancer, DNA methylation, promoter, diagnostic biomarker, gene Received: October 20, 2016&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: February 28, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: March 22, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common tumor in elderly men. However, the specificity and sensitivity of serum prostate-specific antigen levels in PCa diagnosis are controversial. This study aims to reveal a novel diagnosis biomarker in PCa. Materials and Methods: The differential methylated CpG sites between 423 primary PCa and 39 adjacent samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) on Illumina HumanMethylation 450 platform were analyzed. The diagnostic methylation markers were mined using the Prediction Analysis of Microarrays package in Bioconductor. Then, the Gene Expression Omnibus data was used for verification. Pyrosequencing was applied to improve methylation levels of five CpGs (cg06363129, cg08843517, cg05385513, cg07220448 and cg11417025). Results: The area under curve of receiver operating characteristic of eight diagnostic methylation CpGs (cg06363129, cg08843517, cg03576469, cg05385513, cg07220448, cg11417025, cg20883831, and cg23824801) in TCGA data ranged from 0.910 to 0.939. Except for cg20883831 and cg23824801, the correlations between methylation levels of six other sites and their expressions in patients were significant (r &gt; 0.5 and P &lt; 0.001). The methylation level of cg06363129 was significantly different between the groups of Gleason Score (GS) = 7 and GS &ge; 8 (P &lt; 0.05). Pyrosequencing in our samples confirmed that four diagnostic methylation sites (cg06363129, cg08843517, cg05385513, and cg11417025) had high diagnostic efficacy. Conclusions: The combined diagnosis of four methylation CpGs sites (cg06363129, cg08843517, cg05385513, and cg11417025) in the gene promoter has high tissue specificity and diagnostic efficacy for PCa. Results revealed a novel potential biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis.
A rapid dynamical Monte Carlo algorithm for glassy systems (1994)

In this paper we present a dynamical Monte Carlo algorithm which is applicable to systems satisfying a clustering condition: during the dynamical evolution the system is mostly trapped in deep local minima (as happens in glasses, pinning problems etc.). We compare the algorithm to the usual Monte Carlo algorithm, using as an example the Bernasconi model. In this model, a straightforward implementation of the algorithm gives an improvement of several orders of magnitude in computational speed with respect to a recent, already very efficient, implementation of the algorithm of Bortz, Kalos and Lebowitz.
Deep Learning-based identification of human gait by radar micro-Doppler measurements (2021)

For the first time identification of human individuals using micro-Doppler (m-D) features measured at X-band has been demonstrated. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have been used to perform classification. Inspection and visualization of the classification results were performed using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). Classification accuracy of above 93.5% is obtained for a population of 22 subjects. The results show that human identification on a specific population based on X-band m-D measurements can be performed reliably using a DCNN.
Small-angle X-ray scattering of pig thyroglobulin in solution (1974)

Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on native pig thyroglobulin in phosphate buffer, pH6.9, yield a radius of gyration of 6.4nm (64A), a particle volume of approx. 1.5x10(3)nm(3) (1.5x10(6)A(3)), an axial ratio of 2.2:1 (assuming an ellipsoidal shape), and a solvation of 0.63g of solvent/g of protein.
Frequency and course of mild cognitive impairment in a multiethnic community (2008)

Impaired memory and language were useful predictors of transition to AD. Reversion to normal from MCI was frequent, but those with impairment in more than one cognitive domain were more likely to progress or remain impaired than those with single-domain impairment. Clinical diagnosis of MCI does not always predict AD neuropathology.
Evaluation of the Time Stability and Uniqueness in PPG-Based Biometric System (2020)

In this work, we demonstrates the feasibility of employing the biometric photoplethysmography (PPG) signal for human verification applications. The PPG signal has dominance in terms of accessibility and portability which makes its usage in many applications such as user access control very appealing. Therefore, we developed robust time-stable features using signal analysis and deep learning models to increase the robustness and performance of the verification system with the PPG signal. The proposed system focuses on utilizing different stretching mechanisms namely Dynamic Time Warping, zero padding and interpolation with Fourier transform, and fuses them at the data level to be then deployed with different deep learning models. The designed deep models consist of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) which are considered to build a user specific model for the verification task. We collected a dataset consisting of 100 participants and recorded at two different time sessions using Plux pulse sensor. This dataset along with another two public databases are deployed to evaluate the performance of the proposed verification system in terms of uniqueness and time stability. The final result demonstrates the superiority of our proposed system tested on the built dataset and compared with other two public databases. The best performance achieved from our collected two-sessions database in terms of accuracy is 98% for the single-session and 87.1% for the two-sessions scenarios.
Robust IP watermarking methodologies for physical design (2002)

Increasingly popular reuse-based design paradigms create a pressing need for authorship enforcement techniques that protect the intellectual property rights of designers. We develop the first intellectual property protection protocols for embedding design watermarks at the physical design level. We demonstrate that these protocols are tarnsparent with respect to existing industrial tools and design flows, and that they can embed watermarks into real-world industrial designs with very low implementation overhead (as measured by such standard metrics as wirelength, layout area, number of vias, routing congestion and CPU time). On several industrial test cases, we obtain extremely strong, tamper-resistant proofs of authorship for placement and routing solutions.
Experimental characterization of multi-photon entanglement with intensity correlation functions (2007)

We consider possible ways to recognize multi-photon entangled states in experiment. A commonly used technique is to measure higher-order multi-photon correlation functions and their dependence on certain phase delays (multi-photon interference). Theoretically and experimentally, we show that multi-photon interference can have very high visibility for classical sources: up to 81.8% in the three-photon case and up to 94.4% in the four-photon one. Therefore, the visibility of multi-photon interference should not be used as a criterion of multi-photon entangled states generation. Instead, we suggest to characterize multi-photon entanglement by the photon-number dependence of the normalized correlation functions.
P12 * A PHASE I TRIAL OF INTRAVENOUS ONCOLYTIC REOLYSIN(R) IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMOURS (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Oncolytic viruses preferentially replicate in, and kill cancerous cells. REOLYSIN® is a proprietary isolate of reovirus type 3 Dearing. In two trials using intralesional administration in gliomas and recurrent brain tumours, REOLYSIN® has been well tolerated, with early signs of efficacy. However, intravenous delivery would be easier, cheaper and more acceptable to patients than intralesional administration. This trial aims to identify for the first time whether an oncolytic virus, REOLYSIN®, can cross the blood brain barrier and infect brain tumours following intravenous administration. METHOD: This is an open-label, non-randomised study of intravenous REOLYSIN® administered to patients prior to planned surgery for recurrent high grade glioma or metastatic brain tumours. In total, 12 patients will be treated with a single infusion of 1x10^10 TCID50 of REOLYSIN®. The primary objective is the presence of REOLYSIN® in the resected tumours as assessed by immunohistochemistry, RNA in-situ hybridization and retrieval of infectious virions. RESULTS: Three patients have completed the study to date. All 3 resected patient tumours contained REOLYSIN® RNA and protein. There was evidence for REOLYSIN® productive infection in 2 of the tumours. Grade 3-4 adverse reactions were neutropaenia in 1 patient and lymphopaenia in all 3 patients. CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time that an oncolytic virus, REOLYSIN®, infects and replicates in brain tumours following intravenous administration. This trial will pave the way for phase I/II trials and combination studies using REOLYSIN® in patients with high grade gliomas and brain metastases.
α-PbO<sub>2</sub>-related phase appearing in the Sn<sup>IV</sup>–Ta–O system transformed from cation-ordered fluorite-related phase (2014)

The cation-ordered α-PbO2-related SnIV0.82(Ta0.94SnIV0.06)O4.11 phase, which is a triclinic or monoclinic system with lattice parameters of a = 0.769 nm, b = 0.947 nm, c = 0.769 nm, α = 90°, β = 96.34° and γ = 90°, was synthesized by annealing of the cation-ordered fluorite-related SnIV0.82(Ta0.94SnIV0.06)O4.11 phase at 973 ≤ T ≤ 1073 K in O2; the cation-ordered fluorite-related phase was prepared by the oxidation of the SnII1.64(Ta1.88SnIV0.12)O6.58 pyrochlore. The SnIV and [0.94Ta + 0.06SnIV] were respectively ordered similar to that of SnII and [0.94Ta + 0.06SnIV] as observed in the precursor pyrochlore phase. The superlattice diffraction due to the cation-ordering did not appear in its XRD because of the high density of the anti-phase domain boundaries parallel to {101} direction. The transformation temperature from the fluorite-related form to the α-PbO2-related form for the SnIV0.82(Ta0.94SnIV0.06)O4.11 was approximately 250 K higher than that observed for the previous SnIV0.81(Nb0.93SnIV0.07)O4.085. The difference in the transformation behavior starting from the precursor pyrochlore phase between the present Sn–Ta–O and the previous Sn–Nb–O systems was discussed on the basis of the characteristics of the Ta- and Nb-ions.
Feasibility of Locomotive-Mounted Broken Rail Detection (2004)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project examined the feasibility of applying Time Domain Reflectometry to the task of broken rail detection. The key innovation is to regard the track as a two-wire electrical transmission line, and then apply the same electrical pulse/echo technique that is commonly used to locate breaks and shorts in electrical cables. The aim of the proposed locomotive-mounted system is to allow each train to independently test the track ahead for broken rails and track occupation, up to a given detection range. This approach is designed to work in conjunction with Communication-Based Train Control to replace the present wayside signal system and eliminate the associated per-mile maintenance costs. A theoretical framework for the proposed test system was developed to explore the likely benefits and problems, and a MATHCAD signal path model was developed to estimate the detection range. Anticipated problems that were considered included track-shunting structures such as turnouts; interoperability with the existing track circuits; RF safety and licensing issues; and the complex mechanical and electrical requirements for coupling signals between the train and the track. The signal path model incorporated factors such as the estimated transmission line characteristics of railroad tracks with wood or concrete ties and wet or dry ballast conditions; initial pulse characteristics; signal coupling losses to and from the rail; electrical reflection models for various configurations of broken rail or track occupation; and signal processing techniques that could be applied to recover highly attenuated echo signals. To estimate transmission line characteristics, previous European research on railroad track electrical properties was extrapolated to the required test frequencies. Railroad track was found to have a high attenuation rate because of ballast conductance, and the attenuation rate was predicted to increase significantly at the higher frequencies needed for pulse/echo testing. Even so, the model predicted that a range of one mile for wet ballast and two miles for dry ballast could be possible by using correlation processing to enhance the echo signals, and a variety of initial pulse characteristics to cover different segments of the required search range for various track conditions. The given range might be suitable for some train categories but not for others, depending on the full-service braking distance for each category of train. It is recommended that field measurements be made of the track attenuation rate over a broad range of frequencies for various U.S. track conditions. The aim would be to validate and fine-tune the model, and then reassess the predicted detection range compared to the safe stopping distance of each category of train.