gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Immunobiology of mini-transplant]. (2003)

Mini-transplant has become much more popular since mid-90's worldwide. Mini-transplant has not only provided opportunity for cure to many patients who otherwise could not undergo allogeneic stem cell transplant, but also has lead to many new findings which may answer some questions related to scientific basis of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Mini-transplant has shown that engraftment of donor stem cells can be achieved without complete ablation of host bone marrow. Role of post-transplant immunosuppression has also been clarified through the experience of mini-transplant. In this review, we discuss the mechanism and basics under the theory of mini-transplant.
Duck hepatitis B virus infection of hepatocytes is not dependent on low pH (1992)

The pH dependency for initiation of infection by the hepadnavirus duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) was investigated in primary duck hepatocytes. First, an infection assay was developed using a radioimmunoblot to measure DHBV e antigen secreted into tissue culture fluid from infected hepatocytes. The quantity of this viral marker was proportional to the duration of inoculation and the amount of DHBV used as inoculum. The role of pH in initiation of DHBV infection was investigated by using this assay, but no dependence on low pH was found. DHBV was able to infect hepatocytes in the presence of NH4Cl and monensin, agents that raise the pH in intracellular vesicles and prevent penetration of viruses dependent on low pH in endosomes. In control experiments, infection by Semliki Forest virus, which is low pH dependent, was inhibited, whereas herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, which is pH independent, occurred. Attempts to trigger DHBV-cell fusion by exposure of DHBV prebound to hepatocytes to mildly acidic pH were unsuccessful. In these experiments, it was also observed that internalization of DHBV occurred only between pH 6.8 and 8.0. Additionally, in the absence of cells, infectivity of DHBV was stable at pH 4.6 to 4.8, which is lower than the pH encountered in endosomes (pH 5 to 6.6). Thus, no evidence for a role for mildly acidic pH in the initiation of DHBV infection was found. Therefore, we propose that the infection route followed by DHBV resembles that of the group of enveloped viruses, including herpesviruses, that fuse with their host cells at neutral pH.
Molecular Activities of Plant Cells: An Introduction to Plant Biochemistry (1991)

Plant growth and biochemistry - the connection The molecules of plant cells The structure of plant cells and their organelles Cellular energetics Enzymes and post-translational enzyme regulation Membrane structure, permeability and metabolite transport The aerobic oxidation to sugars and CO2 Secondary oxidative mechanisms in plants The light reactions of green plants The C3 carbon reduction cycle and associated processes Photorespiration C4 mechanisms of CO2 assimilation The assimilation of nitrogen from inorganic salts and gaseous N2 into amino acids Other light-coupled assimilatory and reductive mechanisms of plants Synthesis of N-containing compounds from amino acids Lipid biosynthesis and the assembly of membranes Synthesis of plant cell walls The plant genome and its replication Processes involved in the synthesis of protein The regulation of gene expression in plants The biogenesis of organelles.
Distributed Control Strategy Based on a Consensus Algorithm and on the Conservative Power Theory for Imbalance and Harmonic Sharing in 4-Wire Microgrids (2019)

A distributed control system is proposed which uses the Conservative Power Theory (CPT) and a consensus algorithm to share imbalance and harmonics between different converters in three-phase four-wire droop-controlled Microgrids (MGs). The CPT is used to identify the balanced, unbalanced and distorted components of the currents and powers in the system. Control loops based on virtual impedance and implemented in the stationary a-b-c frame are then used to distribute these components between the various converters in the MG. The magnitudes of the virtual impedances are adaptively calculated using a novel consensus-based distributed control scheme with the aim of sharing imbalances and harmonics according to the residual VA capacity of each converter whilst regulating the imbalance and distortion at their output to meet the appropriate IEEE power quality standards. Extensive simulations show that the proposed distributed control has excellent performance, and experimental validation is provided using a laboratory-scale 4-wire MG.
NO‐Mediated Chemoresistance in C6 Glioma Cells (2002)

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in malignant glioma and other tumors has been extensively documented. Massive production of NO by iNOS has been shown to exert tumoricidal effects. However, NO may enhance vasodilation and promote neovascularization, thereby facilitating tumor growth. Compared to the effects of NO on tumor cell death and survival, correlation between NO and cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic reagents in glioma have been less well characterized. Another gene product often linked to tumor malignancy is hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 is a transcription factor that renders malignant tumors adaptive to hypoxic stress during massive vascularization and tumor invasion. Interestingly, HIF-1 also contributes to iNOS induction under hypoxia. We have characterized the interrelationship between iNOS, HIF-1 and chemoresistance. We note that increased NO synthesis by cytokine exposure or iNOS overexpression neutralized the cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), but not cisplatin, in rat C6 glioma cells. Both BCNU and CCNU are chloroethylnitrosoureas that kill tumor cells via carbamoylating and alkylating actions. Further studies indicated that iNOS only neutralized carbamoylating action of chloroethylnitrosoureas. Expression of iNOS may inhibit HIF-1 activity under hypoxia in C6 glioma cells transfected with a VEGF promoter-driven luciferase gene. Pretreatment of C6 cells with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, nullified the inhibitory effect of iNOS on HIF-1 binding. That NO generated by iNOS expression inhibits HIF-1 activity in hypoxic C6 cells reveals a negative feedback loop in the HIF-1 --> iNOS cascade. Together these results suggest a complicated role of NO in malignant tumor growth, survival and invasion.
Robust Macroporous Materials of Chiral Polyaniline Composites (2005)

3D macroporous materials comprising chiral polyaniline composites were prepared using polystyrene sphere as sacrificial template. By means of diazoresin (DR) as a thermosetting agent or TiO2 as a reinforcing agent, the pore structure can be maintained perfectly after removal of the template. The porous materials reinforced with TiO2 are more robust than those thermoset with DR only. The weight percent of TiO2 in the robust macroporous materials has been determined to be ∼16%.
[MR angiography of the abdominal veins]. (1991)

On the basis of the time-of-flight effect in 18 normal volunteers and 119 patients with different diseases of the abdominal veins (inferior vena cava, porto-splenic system, renal/hepatic/iliac veins) magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms were compared with the DSA, CT and US results. The MR technique included a series of 2D gradient-echo (Flash) images in which the patients held their breath and projection angiograms (PA) (MIP algorithm). PA of the inferior vena cava and renal veins had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 88.8%. The results demonstrate that in all cases diseases of the large veins could be detected using all the MR information available. It is suggested that this method is so far not satisfactory in the evaluation of small vessels and slow intravascular flow conditions.
Aging of Zeolite Based Automotive Hydrocarbon Traps (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper analyzes the aging of zeolite based hydrocarbon traps to guide development of diagnostic algorithms. Previous research has shown the water adsorption ability of zeolite ages along with the hydrocarbon adsorption ability, and this leads to a possible diagnostic algorithm: the water concentration in the exhaust can be measured and related to aging. In the present research, engine experiments demonstrate that temperature measurements are also related to aging. To examine the relationship between temperature-based and moisture-based diagnostic algorithms, a transient, nonlinear heat and mass transfer model of the exhaust during cold-start is developed. Despite some idealizations, the model replicates the qualitative behavior of the exhaust system. A series of parametric studies reveals the sensitivity of the system response to aging and various noise factors. The results of the sensitivity study show good agreement with previous research, and the results demonstrate a tight relationship between transient temperature and transient water concentration. Finally, some comments are made about application to the SULEV standards.&lt;/div&gt;
Modelling Chi-Phase Precipitation in High Molybdenum Stainless Steels (2006)

High molybdenum high strength stainless steels can contain the so-called Chi phase (Fe36Cr12Mo10). The presence of this phase, which normally occurs at grain boundaries, depletes the chromium content leading to intergranular corrosion. This may cause alloy embrittlement during long term use. The presence of such phase has proven to be highly sensitive to alloy processing parameters such as the cooling rate after a final heat treatment. The present work provides a model to quantify the effects of processing parameters aimed at controlling the Chi phase. The model is based on nucleation and growth classical theories involving capillarity effects for the early stages; it is applied to a range of heat treatment conditions and compared to experimental results.
Neuro-Based Artificial Intelligence Model for Loan Decisions (2010)

Problem statement: Despite the increase in consumer loans defaults and competition in the banking market, most of the Jordanian commercial banks are reluctant to use artificial intelligence software systems for supporting loan decisions. Approach: This study developed a proposed model that identifies artificial neural network as an enabling tool for evaluating credit applications to support loan decisions in the Jordanian Commercial banks. A multi-layer feed-forward neural network with backpropagation learning algorithm was used to build up the proposed model. Results: Different representative cases of loan applications were considered based on the guidelines of different banks in Jordan, to validate the neural network model. Conclusion: The results indicated that artificial neural networks are a successful technology that can be used in loan application evaluation in the Jordanian commercial banks.
Committee Opinion No. 608 (2014)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that all adults receive an annual influenza vaccine. Influenza vaccination is an essential element of preconception, prenatal, and postpartum care because pregnant women are at an increased risk of serious illness due to seasonal and pandemic influenza. Since 2010, influenza vaccination rates among pregnant women have increased but still need significant improvement. It is particularly important that women who are or will be pregnant during influenza season receive an inactivated influenza vaccine as soon as it is available. It is critically important that all obstetrician-gynecologists and all providers of obstetric care advocate for influenza vaccination, provide the influenza vaccine to their pregnant patients, and receive the influenza vaccine themselves every season. It is imperative that obstetrician-gynecologists, other health care providers, health care organizations, and public health officials continue efforts to improve the rate of influenza vaccination among pregnant women.
Data from Sym004: A Novel Synergistic Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Mixture with Superior Anticancer Efficacy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated therapeutic target in cancer and EGFR antagonists with greater effectiveness than existing clinical agents remain of interest. Here, we report a novel approach based on Sym004, a mixture of two anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct nonoverlapping epitopes in EGFR extracellular domain III. Like anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in current clinical use, Sym004 inhibits cancer cell growth and survival by blocking ligand-binding receptor activation and phosphorylation and downstream receptor signaling. However, unlike the other antibodies, Sym004 induces rapid and efficient removal of the receptor from the cancer cell surface by triggering EGFR internalization and degradation. Compared with reference anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, Sym004 exhibited more pronounced growth inhibition &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and superior efficacy &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Together, these findings illustrate a strategy to target EGFR more effectively than existing clinical antibodies. Cancer Res; 70(2); 588–97&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photons across medicine: relating optical and nuclear imaging (2013)

The Optics in the Life Sciences conference sponsored by the Optical Society of America was held in Waikoloa Beach, HI on April 14 - 18, 2013. Papers were presented in the areas of Bio-Optics: Design & Application, Novel Techniques in Microscopy, Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging & Drug Delivery, and Optical Trapping Applications. A focal point of the meeting was a special symposium entitled "Photons Across Medicine", organized by Adam Wax, Duke University, highlighting activities of joint interest between the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). This paper is a synopsis of the presentations made at this joint symposium. Central to the special symposium presentations was the fact that the optical and nuclear imaging communities share common interests and challenges. These are highlighted in this article. Also discussed was the fact that the nuclear technologies in imaging have found their way into general clinical utility, a feat that has yet to be achieved by optical methods. Because of the common ground shared by the two technologies, coordination between the two societies should be planned.
CHAPTER 9: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION (2015)

We start with the identification of memoryless systems. After introducing the idea of parametrization, we review some of the major concepts from statistics. Then we turn to dynamic systems. We formulate the system identification problem and discuss it in the context of the examples given in Chapter 1. Finally, we consider parametrization of linear stochastic systems.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor– and TCR-Modified T Cells Enter Main Street and Wall Street (2015)

The field of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is currently comprised of chimeric Ag receptor (CAR)- and TCR-engineered T cells and has emerged from principles of basic immunology to paradigm-shifting clinical immunotherapy. ACT of T cells engineered to express artificial receptors that target cells of choice is an exciting new approach for cancer, and it holds equal promise for chronic infection and autoimmunity. Using principles of synthetic biology, advances in immunology, and genetic engineering have made it possible to generate human T cells that display desired specificities and enhanced functionalities. Clinical trials in patients with advanced B cell leukemias and lymphomas treated with CD19-specific CAR T cells have induced durable remissions in adults and children. The prospects for the widespread availability of engineered T cells have changed dramatically given the recent entry of the pharmaceutical industry to this arena. In this overview, we discuss some of the challenges and opportunities that face the field of ACT.
Implosion time circuit optimization study of ICF wire array loads for Sandia ZR facility (2004)

Summary form only given. We have conducted a theoretical study to optimize the performance of a Z-pinch-driven hohlraum powered by the future ZR accelerator. The Z-pinch system is being developed for inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) applications. The radiation source for the hohlraum consists of two co-linear 20-mm-diameter tungsten-wire-array pinches. Each of these will be either in a single- or nested-array configuration. Recent experiments on Z show that conventional 100 ns implosions are not necessarily optimal, with shorter implosions times on the order of 60 to 80 ns giving higher peak X-ray powers. This and other experimental evidence appears to validate the heuristic scaling of Stygar et al., which suggests that peak power is proportional to (I/sub p///spl tau//sub i/)/sup 3/2/, where I/sub p/ and /spl tau//sub i/ are the peak load current and implosion time, respectively. Using this heuristic scaling relationship we performed a system study for ZR, utilizing the NRL transmission code BERTHA. The wire load is modeled taking into account the influence of wire discreteness on the load inductance, and the wire ablation model introduced by Sergei Lebedev and collaborators in Imperial College, London UK. The importance of considering wire ablation is that this process affects the load inductance time history and thus the peak current and to a lesser extent the implosion time.
Seizures Due to Metrizamide Myelography in Patients with Acute Cervical Spine Injury (1982)

Two patients each experienced a grand mal seizure after metrizamide myelography for acute cervical spine injury. Because of the potential disastrous consequences of a seizure in a patient with an unstable cervical spine, it is suggested that metrizamide be avoided in this setting whenever possible. (Neurosurgery 10:266-267, 1982)
Massively parallel characterization of CYP2C9 variant enzyme activity and abundance (2021)

ABSTRACT CYP2C9 encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for metabolizing up to 15% of small molecule drugs, and CYP2C9 variants can alter the safety and efficacy of these therapeutics. In particular, the anti-coagulant warfarin is prescribed to over 15 million people annually and polymorphisms in CYP2C9 can affect patient response leading to an increased risk of hemorrhage. We developed Click-seq, a pooled yeast-based activity assay to test thousands of variants. Using Click-seq, we measured the activity of 6,142 missense variants expressed in yeast. We also measured the steady-state cellular abundance of 6,370 missense variants expressed in a human cell line using Variant Abundance by Massively Parallel sequencing (VAMP-seq). These data revealed that almost two-thirds of CYP2C9 variants showed decreased activity, and that protein abundance accounted for half of the variation in CYP2C9 function. We also measured activity scores for 319 previously unannotated human variants, many of which may have clinical relevance.
The use of multiple‐pin peptide synthesis in an analysis of the continuous epitopes recognised by various anti‐(recombinant bovine growth hormone) sera (1992)

A recently developed technology called epitope scanning permits the rapid and accurate delineation of continuous stretches of amino acids in a protein which constitute the sequential epitopes recognised by an antiserum raised to that protein. In the present report, we describe the use of this technique to identify the epitopes in the recombinant bovine growth-hormone (rbGH) molecule recognised by three polyclonal guinea-pig antisera and two polyclonal rabbit antisera. The results obtained show that, for guinea-pig antisera, 3 or 4, very-well-defined major continuous epitopes are present. As would be expected given the intrinsic genetic factors (major histocompatibility restriction, antigen processing and presentation) controlling the immune response in individual animals, subtle differences are evident in the precise location and relative reactivities of these epitopes in different guinea-pig antisera. Nevertheless, there is a large degree of overlap in these epitopes, such that immunodominant regions of the antigen can be clearly delineated. In a structural sense, these epitopes share a common motif in that they are sited in areas of the protein antigen with little secondary structure (loop/coil), although there is some contribution by neighbouring alpha-helices. For the two rabbit antisera, the response tends to be rather more heterogeneous, with recognition of more peptides and less clearly defined epitopes than was the case with the guinea-pig antiserum. Comparison of the four guinea-pig epitopes, identified by our experimental methods with computer predictions for this molecule (Jameson-Wolf antigenic index), indicate that two are strongly predicted, one is weakly predicted and one is not predicted. These observations, together with the displayed intraspecies and interspecies variation clearly indicate the limitations of these predictive methods. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that, despite the expected variation in the exact location of continuous epitopes defined by different anti-rbGH sera, there are large regions of overlap defining immunogenic core regions within the molecule. We believe that studies of this nature, together with further understanding of antigen processing and peptide presentation to immune cells, may have a role to play in the development of candidate peptide vaccines.
The Tatler (2015)

The appearance of the first issue of The Tatler in 1709 is usually regarded as the beginning of periodical publication in England. Its founder, Richard Steele (1672–1729), intended 'a paper, which should observe upon the manners of the pleasurable, as well as the busy part of mankind … by way of a letter of intelligence, consisting of such parts as might gratify the curiosity of persons of all conditions, and of each sex'. The 'datelines' of the reports, on news, literature, and plain gossip, were from the most famous coffee houses of early Georgian London, and the contributors included Jonathan Swift and Joseph Addison. The magazine was published for only two years, from April 1709 to January 1711: shortly afterwards, Steele and Addison co-founded The Spectator. This four-volume edition was issued in 1797 by a consortium of publishers, including John Nichols. Volume 2 contains numbers 51 to 114.
Genetic variants involved in gallstone formation and capsaicin metabolism, and the risk of gallbladder cancer in Chilean women (2010)

Genetic variants involved in gallstone formation such as the apolipoprotein B rs693 and CETP rs708272 polymorphisms may be related to the risk of developing GBC in Chilean women.
Variable-Frequency Radially-Stable Micrometeoroid Accelerator (1965)

A linear accelerator for micrometeoroids, employing a Wideröe-Sloan-Lawrence configuration, is described. The accelerator is operated in the radially-stable mode, and the frequency of the accelerating voltage is automatically adjusted to accept charged microspheres with q/m∼1−300 C/kg. The waveform applied is a ``drooping square wave'' which allows focusing adjustments to be made independent of frequency and phase. The change in phase over 93 gaps can be kept sufficiently small by proper selection of droop and other parameters so that acceleration occurs at all gaps. Injection is at 1.6 MV from a modified Van de Graaff. The linac adds an additional 9.3 MV. Speeds up to 70 km/sec should be reached with 0.1 μ diam microspheres.