gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural intervention proposals and the delegitimization of the institutions involved (2022)

Abstract Improving citizens’ nutritional intake is crucial to combat obesity. Especially structural interventions are effective; likely due to bypassing issues of individual agency. However, such restrictive interventions have low public acceptance, and pushback may create a negative feedback loop, adversely impacting the perceived legitimacy of the institutions involved. This may be especially so among less-educated individuals, as they consider health promotion institutions less legitimate. Recent theorizing argues this may be due to the cultural distance perceived towards those populating the institutions. As structural interventions mainly target behavior more prevalent among less-educated individuals - e.g. sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption - this perceived distance may be enhanced. With a preregistered survey-experiment among a high-quality representative sample, fielded in February ‘22, we test if proposed structural interventions affect perceived legitimacy of health promotion institutions, and if this differs between educational groups. We used the strategically selected case of interventions to reduce SSB consumption in the Netherlands - currently not tackled by official interventions. This allowed us to confront citizens with a potential - rather than implemented - intervention, singling out its effects more clearly. Respondents were randomized into i) a control group presented with an explanation of the institutions and their information provision approach; or a treatment group with this information, plus ii) a proposed sugar tax or iii) a proposed regulated decrease of sugar content. Results indicate that institutions are perceived as less legitimate when citizens are confronted with structural intervention proposals, but little evidence for a moderating role of education is found. These results can improve awareness among policymakers regarding interventions effects besides health outcomes, and their risk for delegitimizing health institutions. Key messages • Proposals for structural interventions decrease the perceived legitimacy of involved health promotion institutions across society. • Less-educated citizens perceive health promotion institutions as less legitimate at baseline; structural intervention proposals maintain and occasionally increase this gap.
Dopaminergic dynamics underlying sex-specific cocaine reward (2017)

Although both males and females become addicted to cocaine, females transition to addiction faster and experience greater difficulties remaining abstinent. We demonstrate an oestrous cycle-dependent mechanism controlling increased cocaine reward in females. During oestrus, ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron activity is enhanced and drives post translational modifications at the dopamine transporter (DAT) to increase the ability of cocaine to inhibit its function, an effect mediated by estradiol. Female mice conditioned to associate cocaine with contextual cues during oestrus have enhanced mesolimbic responses to these cues in the absence of drug. Using chemogenetic approaches, we increase VTA activity to mechanistically link oestrous cycle-dependent enhancement of VTA firing to enhanced cocaine affinity at DAT and subsequent reward processing. These data have implications for sexual dimorphism in addiction vulnerability and define a mechanism by which cellular activity results in protein alterations that contribute to dysfunctional learning and reward processing.
Recall Bias: Understanding and Reducing Bias in PRO Data Collection (2016)

This chapter reviews the development and validation of computerised clinical assessments for use in clinical trials. ePRO solutions have the unique ability to make novel measurements and also to assimilate complex data The chapter focuses on use of computerised methods to make subjective assessments normally confined to an expert rater or an investigator. Much of the key work performed to date in this area relates to the assessments made in the Central Nervous System (CNS) area, and in particular the measurement of severity and diagnosis of depression and anxiety. The chapter reviews key validation studies demonstrating the equivalence of computerised assessments to clinician-made subjective assessments, with particular focus on the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety rating interviews. It also reviews the results of studies using these techniques, illustrating their particular utility in limiting the potential for inclusion bias in CNS clinical trials and providing particularly sensitive measures of change.
Limited Recovery of Pineal Function after Regeneration of Preganglionic Sympathetic Axons: Evidence for Loss of Ganglionic Synaptic Specificity (2013)

The cervical sympathetic trunks (CSTs) contain axons of preganglionic neurons that innervate the superior cervical ganglia (SCGs). Because regeneration of CST fibers can be extensive and can reestablish certain specific patterns of SCG connections, restoration of end organ function would be expected. This expectation was examined with respect to the pineal gland, an organ innervated by the two SCGs. The activity of pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) exhibits a large circadian rhythm that is dependent on the sympathetic input of the gland, with high activity at night. Thirty-six hours after the CSTs were crushed bilaterally, nocturnal NAT was decreased by 99%. Three months later, enzyme activity had recovered only to 15% of control values, a recovery dependent on regeneration of CST fibers. Nevertheless, a small day/night rhythm was present in lesioned animals. Neither the density of the adrenergic innervation of the gland nor the ability of an adrenergic agonist to stimulate NAT activity was reduced in rats with regenerated CSTs. In addition, stimulation of the regenerated CST at a variety of frequencies was at least as effective in increasing NAT activity as seen with control nerves. These data suggest that the failure of pineal function to recover is not attributable to a quantitative deficit in the extent of reinnervation or synaptic efficacy. Rather, we suggest that there is some loss of specificity in the synaptic connections made in the SCG during reinnervation, resulting in a loss of the central neuronal information necessary for directing a normal NAT rhythm and thus normal pineal function.
An Intestinal Th17 Subset is Associated with Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease and Activated by Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (2023)

IFNγ-producing ex-Th17 cells ['Th1/17'] were shown to play a key pathogenic role in experimental colitis and are abundant in the intestine. Here, we identified and characterised a novel, potentially colitogenic subset of Th17 cells in the intestine of patients with Crohn's disease [CD]. Human Th17 cells expressing CCR5 ['pTh17'] co-expressed T-bet and RORC/γt and produced very high levels of IL-17, together with IFN-γ. They had a gene signature of Th17 effector cells and were distinct from established Th1/17 cells. pTh17 cells, but not Th1/17 cells, were associated with intestinal inflammation in CD, and decreased upon successful anti-TNF therapy with infliximab. Conventional CCR5[-]Th17 cells differentiated to pTh17 cells with IL-23 in vitro. Moreover, anti-IL-23 therapy with risankizumab strongly reduced pTh17 cells in the intestine. Importantly, intestinal pTh17 cells were selectively activated by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli [AIEC], but not by a commensal/probiotic E. coli strain. AIEC induced high levels of IL-23 and RANTES from dendritic cells [DC]. Intestinal CCR5+Th1/17 cells responded instead to cytomegalovirus and were reduced in ulcerative colitis [UC], suggesting an unexpected protective role. In conclusion, we identified an IL-23-inducible subset of human intestinal Th17 cells. pTh17 cells produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were selectively associated with intestinal inflammation in CD, and responded to CD-associated AIEC, suggesting a key colitogenic role.
A Hybrid Mode-Space/Real-Space Scheme for DFT+NEGF Device Simulations (2019)

Density functional theory based simulation techniques enable thorough investigation of the operational characteristics of nanoscale devices regardless of their configurational complexity. However, this flexibility comes with considerable computational cost. In this work, we present a hybrid mode-space/real-space scheme that utilizes a mode-space basis to represent periodic contacts while maintaining the real-space representation of the central device region. Reducing the size of the contact blocks via mode-space approximation speeds up the calculation of the open boundary conditions and reduces the overall size of the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices, which leads to significant improvements in the computational efficiency of simulations. Keeping the real-space representation of the device blocks preserves the versatility and accuracy of the ab-initio approach. The merits of the proposed method are demonstrated with the simulation of an amorphous device with metallic contacts.
Risk factors for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes defined by histology and t(14;18) in a population‐based case‐control study (2010)

The t(14;18) chromosomal translocation is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), occurring in 70-90% of follicular lymphomas (FL) and 30-50% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Previous t(14;18)-NHL studies have not evaluated risk factors for NHL defined by both t(14;18) status and histology. In this population-based case-control study, t(14;18) status was determined in DLBCL cases using fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded tumor sections. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between a wide variety of exposures and t(14;18)-positive (N=109) and -negative DLBCL (N=125) and FL (N=318), adjusting for sex, age, race, and study center. Taller height, more lifetime surgeries, and PCB180 exposure were associated with t(14;18)-positivity. Taller individuals (third tertile vs. first tertile) had elevated risks of t(14;18)-positive DLBCL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.0) and FL (OR=1.4, 95%CI 1.0-1.9) but not t(14;18)-negative DLBCL. Similar patterns were seen for individuals with more lifetime surgeries (13+ vs. 0-12 surgeries; t(14;18)-positive DLBCL OR=1.4, 95%CI 0.7-2.7; FL OR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.5) and individuals exposed to PCB180 greater than 20.8 ng/g (t(14;18)-positive DLBCL OR=1.3, 95%CI 0.6-2.9; FL OR=1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.8). In contrast, termite treatment and high alpha-chlordane levels were associated with t(14;18)-negative DLBCL only, suggesting that these exposures do not act through t(14;18). Our findings suggest that putative associations between NHL and height, surgeries, and PCB180 may be t(14;18)-mediated and provide support for case-subtyping based on molecular and histologic subtypes. Future efforts should focus on pooling data to confirm and extend previous research on risk factors for t(14;18)-NHL subtypes.
A PUF Based on a Transient Effect Ring Oscillator and Insensitive to Locking Phenomenon (2013)

This paper presents a new silicon physical unclonable function (PUF) based on a transient effect ring oscillator (TERO). The proposed PUF has state of the art PUF characteristics with a good ratio of PUF response variability to response length. Unlike RO-PUF, it is not sensitive to the locking phenomenon, which challenges the use of ring oscillators for the design of both PUF and TRNG. The novel architecture using differential structures guarantees high stability of the TERO-PUF. The area of the TERO-PUF is relatively high, but is still comparable with other PUF designs. However, since the same piece of hardware can be used for both PUF and random number generation, the proposed principle offers an interesting low area mixed solution.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF A 1H‐1,2,4‐TRIAZEPINE (1981)

Abstract Tetrachlorcyclopropen (I) reagiert mit Diphenylnitrilimin (II), das in situ aus N‐Phenylbenzolcarbohydrazonoylchlorid und Triethylamin hergestellt wird, bei Raumtemperatur zum Diphenyl‐trichlor‐triazepin (VI).
Fabrication of magnesium bentonite hollow fibre ceramic membrane for oil-water separation (2020)

In this study, low-cost magnesium bentonite (MB) was used for the fabrication of bentonite hollow fibre (BHF) membrane with high pure water flux. MB powder was initially characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size distribution (PSD) analyser, Brunnauer -Emmett- Teller (BET) method, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The BHF membrane obtained was then fabricated through dope suspension mixing, phase inversion and sintering process. The dope suspension was prepared by mixing MB, dispersant, polymer binder, and solvent using a planetary ball mill. While the spinning process was carried out at the extrusion rate of 8 mL/min, a fluid bore rate of 10 mL/min and air gap of 5 cm, and this was followed by sintering operation at 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C. The resulting BHF membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD; the porosity test, water flux and oil rejection were also examined. The SEM surface morphology of BHF at sintering temperature of 950 °C showed spongy-like and nested macrovoids structure; the porosity was 49.09% with a mean pore size of 3.9 µm. The performance test on the bentonite-based hollow fibre membrane showed that the membrane prepared at 20 wt% and sintering temperature of 1000 °C, which induced high and stable permeate water flux and oil rejection of BHFC membrane were 544 L/m2 h and 97%, respectively. The results have shown that the presence of magnesium in bentonite can enhance and promote the needed support material for the fabrication of hollow fibre ceramic membrane.
Layer-by-Layer Method for the Synthesis and Growth of Surface Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks (SURMOFs) (2010)

A layer-by-layer method has been developed for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their deposition on functionalized organic surfaces. The approach is based on the sequential immersion of functionalized organic surfaces into solutions of the building blocks of the MOF, i.e., the organic ligand and the inorganic unit. The synthesis and growth of different types of MOFs on substrates with different functionalization, like COOH, OH and pyridine terminated surfaces, were studied and characterized with different surface characterization techniques. A controlled and highly oriented growth of very homogenous films was obtained using this method. The layer-by-layer method offered also the possibility to study the kinetics of film formation in more detail using surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance. In addition, this method demonstrates the potential to synthesize new classes of MOFs not accessible by conventional methods. Finally, the controlled growth of MOF thin films is important for many applications like chemical sensors, membranes and related electrodes.
RS_CRZ1, a C2H2-Type Transcription Factor Is Required for Pathogenesis of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in Tomato (2020)

<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes disease in diverse plant species. In recent years, the genomic and transcriptomic studies have identified several candidate pathogenicity determinants of <i>R. solani</i>; however, most of them remain to be validated. In this study, we report a viral vector-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) as well as a dsRNA (double-stranded RNA)-based approach to effectively downregulate genes of <i>R. solani</i> AG1-IA (BRS1 strain) during pathogenesis in tomato. We tested a few of the in-planta upregulated <i>R. solani</i> genes and observed that silencing of one of them, i.e., <i>RS_CRZ1</i> (a C2H2 type zinc finger transcription factor) significantly compromises the pathogenesis of <i>R. solani</i> in tomato. The <i>RS_CRZ1</i>-silenced plants not only exhibited significant reduction in disease symptoms, but the depth of pathogen colonization was also compromised. Furthermore, we identified the <i>R. solani</i> genes that were coregulated with <i>RS_CRZ1</i> during the pathogenicity process. The HIGS-mediated silencing of a few of them [CL1756Contig1; subtilisin-like protease and CL1817Contig2; 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase] compromised the pathogenesis of <i>R. solani</i> in tomato. The ectopic expression of <i>RS_CRZ1</i> complemented the <i>crz1</i> mutant of yeast and restored tolerance against various metal ion stress. Overall, our study reveals the importance of <i>RS_CRZ1</i> in managing the hostile environment encountered during host colonization. Also, it emphasizes the relevance of the HIGS and dsRNA-based gene silencing approach toward functional characterization of pathogenicity determinants of <i>R. solani</i>.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
Universal Quantum Transducers Based on Surface Acoustic Waves (2015)

We propose a universal, on-chip quantum transducer based on surface acoustic waves in piezoactive materials. Because of the intrinsic piezoelectric (and/or magnetostrictive) properties of the material, our approach provides a universal platform capable of coherently linking a broad array of qubits, including quantum dots, trapped ions, nitrogen-vacancy centers, or superconducting qubits. The quantized modes of surface acoustic waves lie in the gigahertz range and can be strongly confined close to the surface in phononic cavities and guided in acoustic waveguides. We show that this type of surface acoustic excitation can be utilized efficiently as a quantum bus, serving as an on-chip, mechanical cavity-QED equivalent of microwave photons and enabling long-range coupling of a wide range of qubits.
Transplantation of Reprogrammed Embryonic Stem Cells Improves Visual Function in a Mouse Model for Retinitis Pigmentosa (2010)

ES cells can differentiate, morphologically, and functionally, into RPE-like cells. Based on these findings, differentiated ES cells have the potential for the development of new therapeutic approaches for RPE-specific diseases such as certain forms of retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. Nevertheless, stringent control of retinal detachment and teratoma development will be necessary before initiation of treatment trials.
Mössbauer studies of Escherichia coli biotin synthase: evidence for reversible interconversion between [2Fe‐2S]2+ and [4Fe‐4S]2+ clusters (1999)

The nature and properties of the iron-sulphur (Fe-S) cluster in as-prepared and reduced biotin synthase of Escherichia coli have been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Our data clearly demonstrate that in the as-prepared sample, the cluster is present as [2Fe-2S](2+) with isomer shift, delta = 0.29 mm/s and quadrupole splitting, DeltaE(Q) = 0.53 mm/s, indicating incomplete cysteinyl-S coordination. Anaerobic reduction by dithionite in the presence of 55% (v/v) glycerol converts this form to [4Fe-4S](2+) (delta = 0.45 mm/s and DeltaE(Q) = 1.11 mm/s) and is accompanied by some destruction to Fe(2+). This cluster conversion is reversible and when exposed to air, the [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster is quantitatively reconverted to the [2Fe-2S](2+) cluster without any further cluster degradation.
Autism spectrum disorder in children with and without epilepsy: impact on social functioning and communication (2009)

Results support important between-group differences with diagnostic and therapeutic implications. asds often present atypically in children with seizures. However, both groups showed widely varying social and linguistic presentations.
Formal verification of ACAS X, an industrial airborne collision avoidance system (2015)

Formal verification of industrial systems is very challenging, due to reasons ranging from scalability issues to communication difficulties with engineering-focused teams. More importantly, industrial systems are rarely designed for verification, but rather for operational needs. In this paper we present an overview of our experience using hybrid systems theorem proving to formally verify ACAS X, an airborne collision avoidance system for airliners scheduled to be operational around 2020. The methods and proof techniques presented here are an overview of the work already presented in [8], while the evaluation of ACAS X has been significantly expanded and updated to the most recent version of the system, run 13. The effort presented in this paper is an integral part of the ACAS X development and was performed in tight collaboration with the ACAS X development team.
In-Cylinder Production of Hydrogen During Net-Lean Diesel Operation (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydrogen (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) is an excellent reductant, and has been shown to be highly effective when introduced into a variety of catalysts such as three-way catalysts, lean NOx traps (LNTs), and hydrocarbon lean NOx catalysts (also termed hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts). Furthermore, since lean-burn engines offer improved fuel efficiency yet difficult NOx emission control, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; production during lean operation for the purpose of NOx reduction could be beneficial. On-board generation of hydrogen is being explored via catalytic or plasma-based reformers. A possible alternative to these add-on systems is generation of the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in-cylinder with standard fuel injection hardware. This paper details experiments relating to the production and measurement of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; under net-lean operation in a common-rail diesel engine. In-cylinder fuel control is used to tailor the combustion process such that H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is generated while maintaining a lean Air:Fuel ratio in the bulk exhaust gas.&lt;/div&gt;
Nucleosides. VIII. Synthesis of 5-Nitrocytidine and Related Nucleosides1 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleosides. VIII. Synthesis of 5-Nitrocytidine and Related Nucleosides1JACK J. FOX and DINA VAN PRAAGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 2, 526–532Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01061a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01061a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complete Resolution of Clinical Signs and Synergism of the Combination Ponesimod-dimethyl Fumarate in Rat Models of Multiple Sclerosis (P2.411) (2018)

This study assessed whether addition of ponesimod to DMF could lead to more effective suppression of disease activity in rat models of MS than DMF alone.