gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance comparison of multiple-symbol differential detection and optimum combining (2003)

The performance of multiple symbol differential detection (MSDD) over Rayleigh diversity channels and in the presence of cochannel interference is compared with that of optimum combining (OC). For this purpose, we derive the asymptotic expressions for the approximate upper bound of the bit error probability of MSDD for multiple phase shift keying modulation. Similar asymptotic expressions are derived for OC. These relatively simple expressions provide a clear insight into the performance of MSDD and OC. Through analysis and simulation results, we show that as the observation interval increases, the performance of MSDD approaches that of OC (with differential encoding).
Artificial intelligence and Goütterdaümerung (1996)

The impractical metaphor that boldly proclaims information technology is the "information highway" is unsustainable, since information technology is evolving faster than intraplanetary transportation technology. While many of our generation embrace this metaphor and believe that the future is embedded in a network paradigm (web, neural, or other), many of us yeam for the paradigm just beyond it. This paper attempts to predict and define what future paradigms are in store for artificial intelligence (AI).
Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces Species (2010)

This unit includes general protocols for the genetic manipulation of Streptomyces species, including genomic DNA isolation, genomic library preparation, intergeneric conjugation of Streptomyces with E. coli, generation and transformation of Streptomyces protoplasts, electroporation of Streptomyces mycelia, and colony PCR.
Pertechnetate immobilization in aqueous media with hydrogen sulfide under anaerobic and aerobic environments (2007)

Summary The basic chemistry for the immobilization of pertechnetate (TcO 4 − ) by hydrogen sulfide was investigated in aqueous solution under both aerobic and anaerobic environments. Pertechnetate immobilization was acid dependent, with accelerated rates and increased immobilization yields as the acid concentration increased. Oxygen had no effect under acidic conditions. Under anaerobic alkaline conditions, the pH, and therefore the speciation of sulfide, was the determining factor on the immobilization of pertechnetate. Only 53% of the TcO 4 − was immobilized at pH 8, while the yield increased to 83% at pH 9 as HS − became the dominant sulfide species. The immobilization yield then decreased to 73% at pH 13. No reaction was observed between TcO 4 − and sulfide under aerobic alkaline conditions, indicating that oxygen suppressed this reaction. Pertechnetate immobilization was found to be first order with respect to both sulfide and pertechnetate in acidic solutions, and in alkaline solution under anaerobic conditions. The results of stoichiometry studies and product analysis under alkaline anaerobic environments indicated that Tc 2 S 7 was obtained at pH 9. EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) studies suggested that the samples obtained from acidic, aerobic solution and alkaline anaerobic solution were both Tc 2 S 7 . The stability of Tc 2 S 7 is affected by O 2 with accelerated dissolution at high pH.
The stereoelectronic basis of collagen stability (2006)

We conclude that collagen stability does not rely on bridging water molecules. Rather, stereoelectronic effects preorganize collagen strands. Specifically, an electronegative substituent in the 4(R) position of a proline residue favors a trans peptide bond, as is necessary for triple helix formation.
Salinity Variations in Sea Ice (1974)

The salinity distribution in multi-year sea ice is dependent on the ice topography and cannot be adequately represented by a single average profile. The cores collected from areas beneath surface hummocks generally showed a systematic increase in salinity with depth from 0‰ at the surface to about 4‰ at the base. The cores collected from areas beneath surface depressions were much more saline and displayed large salinity fluctuations. Salinity observations from sea ice of varying thicknesses and ages collected at various Arctic and sub-Arctic locations revealed a strong correlation between the average salinity of the ice and the ice thickness h. For salinity samples collected from cold sea ice at the end of the growth season, this relationship can be represented by two linear equations: 14.24— 19.39 h ( h ≤ 0.4 m); = 7,88— 1.59 h ( h 0.4m). It is suggested that the pronounced break in slope at 0.4 m is due to a change in the dominant brine drainage mechanism from brine expulsion to gravity drainage. A linear regression for the data collected during the melt season gives = 1.58 + 0.18 h . An annual cyclic variation of the mean salinity exists for multi-year sea ice. The mean salinity reaches a maximum at the end of the growth season and a minimum at the end of the melt season.
Nano-Motion Analysis for Rapid and Label Free Assessing of Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutics (2021)

Background and Objectives: Optimization of chemotherapy is crucial for cancer patients. Timely and costly efficient treatments are emerging due to the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide. Here, we present a methodology of nano-motion analysis that could be developed to serve as a screening tool able to determine the best chemotherapy option for a particular patient within hours. Materials and Methods: Three different human cancer cell lines and their multidrug resistant (MDR) counterparts were analyzed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) using tipless cantilevers to adhere the cells and monitor their nano-motions. Results: The cells exposed to doxorubicin (DOX) differentially responded due to their sensitivity to this chemotherapeutic. The death of sensitive cells corresponding to the drop in signal variance occurred in less than 2 h after DOX application, while MDR cells continued to move, even showing an increase in signal variance. Conclusions: Nano-motion sensing can be developed as a screening tool that will allow simple, inexpensive and quick testing of different chemotherapeutics for each cancer patient. Further investigations on patient-derived tumor cells should confirm the method’s applicability.
Pyridoxal Phosphate Concentrations Determined Postmortem as an Indication of Antemortem Vitamin B-6 Status (1987)

In anticipation of studies relating vitamin B-6 status determined at autopsy to known pathologic causes of death, the postmortem stability of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in the plasma, skeletal muscle, and liver of pigs was assessed. Concentrations of plasma K, Mg, Na, and Ca also were examined for postmortem stability using the pig as an experimental model. At 1 hr after death, the mean plasma PLP concentration was essentially unchanged from that observed prior to death. Thereafter, plasma PLP concentration increased with increasing postmortem time interval and was 2.3 times greater than initial by 6 hr postmortem and 7.6 times greater than initial by 12 hr postmortem (P less than 0.01). Skeletal muscle and liver PLP content were 35% lower than initial by 6 hr postmortem (P less than 0.01). Plasma K and Mg were significantly higher by 1 hr postmortem (P less than 0.01) while plasma Na concentration was significantly lower by 1 hr postmortem (P less than 0.01). Plasma Ca concentration was not significantly different at any measured time point. Knowledge of the postmortem time interval appears to be required in order to evaluate the antemortem vitamin B-6 status using pyridoxal phosphate values derived from autopsy samples.
ALDH1A1 Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance via Enhancing DNA Repair in BRCA2−/− Ovarian Cancer Cells (2019)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are approved to treat recurrent ovarian cancer with <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i> mutations, and as maintenance therapy for recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (BRCA wild-type or mutated) after treatment with platinum. However, the acquired resistance against PARPi remains a clinical hurdle. Here, we demonstrated that PARP inhibitor (olaparib)-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells exhibited an elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, mainly contributed by increased expression of ALDH1A1 due to olaparib-induced expression of BRD4, a member of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family protein. We also revealed that ALDH1A1 enhanced microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) activity in EOC cells with inactivated BRCA2, a key protein that promotes homologous recombination (HR) by using an intrachromosomal MMEJ reporter. Moreover, NCT-501, an ALDH1A1-selective inhibitor, can synergize with olaparib in killing EOC cells carrying BRCA2 mutation in both <i>in vitro</i> cell culture and the <i>in vivo</i> xenograft animal model. Given that MMEJ activity has been reported to be responsible for PARPi resistance in HR-deficient cells, we conclude that ALDH1A1 contributes to the resistance to PARP inhibitors via enhancing MMEJ in BRCA2<sup>-/-</sup> ovarian cancer cells. Our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying PARPi resistance in BRCA2-mutated EOC cells and suggest that inhibition of ALDH1A1 could be exploited for preventing and overcoming PARPi resistance in EOC patients carrying BRCA2 mutation.
Inch by inch (2018)

The commencement of the 'Criminal Law Amendment Act 2017' (the Act) on 31 March 2017 brought welcome amendments to a number of key legislative instruments in Queensland.
Design Considerations for a Receiver for a Space Based Coherent Doppler Lidar Operating in the Two Micron Wavelength Region (1995)

A space-based coherent Doppler lidar, such as the AEOLUS [1] instrument under investigation at NASA, will probably employ some form of scan geometry and will consequently see an azimuth angle dependent Doppler shift due to components of the spacecraft velocity and earth rotational velocity. The two micron wavelength region currently being considered for this instrument means that this varying Doppler shift will be large. Figure (1) shows this Doppler shift as a function of azimuth angle for an instrument with a 30 deg. nadir angle and a 350 km high orbit.
Tissue Engineering: 3D Printing of Personalized Thick and Perfusable Cardiac Patches and Hearts (Adv. Sci. 11/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900344, Tal Dvir and co-workers take a biopsy of an omental tissue from patients. While the cells are reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells and differentiate into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, the remaining extracellular matrix is processed into a thermoresponsive hydrogel. These personalized materials and cells are used as bioinks to print functional vascularized cardiac patches and small-scale human hearts.
Validation of the physiological background correction method for the suppression of the spill-in effect near highly radioactive regions in positron emission tomography (2018)

The spill-in effect is dependent on the activity in the hot region, lesion size and location, as well as post-filtering; and this is more evident in SUV<sub>max</sub> than SUV<sub>mean</sub>. However, the recently proposed background correction method facilitates stability in quantification and enhances the contrast in lesions with low uptake.
Polyfluoroarenes. Part XIII. Further homolytic reactions of polyfluoroiodobenzenes (1970)

Pentafluorophenyl radicals, derived from the photolysis or thermal decomposition of pentafluoroiodobenzene react with 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene to give 4H-nonafluorobiphenyl; similar homolytic reactions of the di-iodo-compounds, p-C6F4I2 and o-C6F4I2, with benzene afford good yields of polyfluoro-terphenyls and -biphenyls. Reaction of the iodo- and di-iodo-compounds with C–H bonds or with water leads to the replacement of iodine by hydrogen, and the di-iodo-compounds react with carbon tetrachloride to give the corresponding dichlorotetrafluorobenzenes.
Regular Biporous Model of Active Layer of the Lithium–Oxygen Battery Positive Electrode (2019)

To perform the oxygen reduction reaction effectively, the active layer of the lithium–oxygen battery positive electrode must have developed surface possessing a complicated pore structure. During discharge (the oxygen reaction cathodic component), the electrode accumulates lithium peroxide, a final product of electrochemical and chemical reactions (resulting in the conjunction of lithium ions, oxygen molecules. and electrons); the latter undergoes oxidation (the oxygen reaction anodic component) during the lithium–oxygen battery charging. The lithium peroxide is a water-insoluble compound that has no electronic conduction; when depositing on the electrode surface it seals openings of narrow pores and prevents oxygen penetration therein. To obtain more lithium peroxide via oxygen reduction in the presence of lithium ions, a cluster of large pores, practically unsealed with the lithium peroxide, is produced in the active layer; the pores supply oxygen deep into the active layer. The Li2O2 accumulation occurs in a cluster of lesser pores with developed surface. In the creating of the lithium–oxygen battery positive electrode active layer optimal structure, the difficulty is that some key quantities are unknown in advance. They are the large-scale and lesser pore average size and their volume fractions in the active layer. To solve the problem, the regular biporous model of the pore structure can be used. In the model, the pore radii are strictly fixed. This opens a relatively easy way for the interconnecting, by calculations, of parameters and the lithium–oxygen battery dimensioning specifications during its discharge. This work aimed at the proposing of the positive electrode active layer regular biporous model and developing of a procedure for the calculating of the lithium–oxygen battery dimensioning specifications during the discharge. it is shown, in a specific context, how the varying of the positive electrode active layer structure and the oxygen consumption constant k can control the Li2O2 accumulation.
A Method of Model Reduction via Block-Pulse Functions (1985)

In this paper, we propose a method of model reduction for SISO continuous systems via block-pulse functions.A set of block-pulse functions is well known as an orthonormal system. But it is not complete in L2-space. In this paper, we clarify that it has a property which corresponds to the completeness, when the space is restricted to bounded, piecewise-continuous functions. And it is pointed out that multiple-integration in functional space is reduced to simple algebraic operations on block-pulse expansion coefficients.Based on these facts, a method of model reduction is proposed. In first step, block-pulse expansion of input is calculated. And in second step, that of output is calculated. In third step, the parameters of reduced model are calculated via least square algorithm.The main characteristics of this method are (1) simplicity of algorithm, (2) time-domain approximation, and (3) applicability of any polynomial type input.
Efficacy and Safety of New Orodispersible Tablet Formulations of Praziquantel (Racemate and L-Praziquantel) in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Preschool-Age Children and Infants: A Randomized Dose-Finding Phase 2 Study (2021)

Introduction Two novel formulations of praziquantel (PZQ) and Levo-(L-)PZQ (arpraziquantel) have been developed for the treatment of schistosomiasis in preschool-age children and infants. Methods This open-label, dose-finding Phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of PZQ formulations in children and infants infected with Schisostoma mansoni in Côte d’Ivoire. In Part 1, 420 children aged 2.1–6.9 years (weight 10.0–29.9 kg) were enrolled and randomized to one of 7 treatment arms (n=60 per arm): commercially available racemate (rac)-PZQ at 3x20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg (treatment arms 1 and 2); rac-PZQ orodispersible tablet (ODT) at 40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg (treatment arms 3 and 4); or L-PZQ ODT at 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, or 60 mg/kg (treatment arms 5, 6, and 7). The optimal formulation and dose identified (L-PZQ ODT 50 mg/kg) was used in Part 2, which enrolled 24 infants aged 6–24 months (weight 7.5–14.8 kg). Infants were treated in an age-staggered approach: age 13–24 months (treatment arm 8, n=20) and age 6–12 months (treatment arm 9, n=4). The primary endpoint was clinical cure rate (CR) demonstrated by the Kato–Katz method 14–21 days post-treatment. Secondary endpoints included CR by point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen, egg reduction rate (ERR), and adverse events (AEs). Results In Part 1, CRs ≥70% were achieved in all treatment arms and were highest with L-PZQ ODT 60 mg/kg (89.7%), rac-PZQ 3x20 mg/kg (89.5%), and L-PZQ ODT 45 mg/kg (86.0%). In Part 2, CRs were &amp;gt;90%. All treatment arms had ERRs &amp;gt;95%. Treatment-related AEs were reported by 71 participants (16.0%) and were similar across treatment arms; most were mild and transient. The most common treatment-emergent AEs were laboratory abnormalities. No deaths or discontinuation due to treatment-emergent AEs were reported and no new safety concerns were identified. Conclusion New rac-PZQ and L-PZQ ODT formulations used as single-dose therapy against S. mansoni demonstrated acceptable overall efficacy and safety in preschool-age children and infants, warranting further studies in this population. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT02806232 ; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, identifier PACTR201604001493593 .
Innovations. DNA detectives. (1999)

To understand the many potential causes and resulting consequences of DNA damage, scientists first need methods to detect it. Canadian scientists X. Chris Le and Michael Weinfeld, with help from U.S. molecular biologist Steven Leadon, developed a selective, sensitive technique for measuring DNA damage. The scientists combined a thymine glycol antibody with thymine glycol to selectively tag a specific type of DNA damage. They then added a second antibody with fluorescing properties, and used laser-induced fluorescence to identify the damaged portion of the tagged DNA. The fluorescence can be quantified, with higher levels of fluorescence indicating higher DNA damage. The technique was shown to find 1 damaged base in 1 billion normal bases. This level of sensitivity could allow the measurement of DNA damage resulting from clinical levels of radiation, and may allow scientists to establish a day-to-day baseline for DNA damage. From this baseline, it would be possible to ascertain the levels of damage that a cell can tolerate, as well as how much damaged it is capable of repairing on a daily basis.
Atrofia combinada maxilomandibular. uso de implantes cortos y estrechos (BTI® CORE y BTI® 3.0) (2021)

espanolCada dia con mas frecuencia en las clinicas odontologicas nos enfrentamos a atrofias maxilares y mandibulares mas extremas y en muchos casos con el re-tratamiento de implantes fracasados biologica y/o mecanicamente. En el presente caso clinico mostramos una paciente con una atrofia combinada (horizontal y verticalmente) ademas de un tratamiento con implantes dentales fracasado. EnglishMore and more frequently in dental clinics we are confronted with more extreme maxillary and mandibular atrophy and in many cases with the re-treatment of biologically and/or mechanically failed implants. In the present clinical case we show a patient with a combined atrophy (horizontally and vertically) in addition to a failed dental implant treatment.
Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones from β-Lactams:  Stereospecific Total Synthesis of (−)-Cytoxazone and All of Its Stereoisomers (2007)

The synthetic correlation between two different antibiotic frameworks, the beta-lactams and 2-oxazolidinones, is described for the first time. In this approach, 2-oxazolidinones are prepared in stereomerically pure form from 3-hydroxy beta-lactams by a ring-opening-cyclization isomerization process. Application of this methodology to the total synthesis of the cytokine modulator, (-)-cytoxazone, and its three stereoisomers is demonstrated. [reaction: see text].
High sensitivity 640 x 512 (20μm pitch) microbolometer FPAs (2006)

RVS has made a significant breakthrough in the development of a 640 × 512 array with a unit cell size of 20&#956;m × 20 &#956;m and performance equivalent to that of the 25&#956;m arrays. The successful development of this array is the first step in achieving mega-pixel formats. This FPA is designed to ultimately achieve performance near the temperature fluctuation limited NETD (<20mK, f/1, 30 Hz). The SB-300 is a highly productized readout and is designed to achieve very good sensitivity (low NETD and low spatial noise) and good dynamic range. The improved performance is through bolometer structure improvements and an innovative ROIC design. It also has a simple and flexible electrical interface which allows external electronics to be small, light, low-cost, and low-power. Almost all adjustments can be made through the serial interface; hence there is no need for external adjustable (DAC) circuitry. The improved power supply rejection helps maintain highly stable detector and strip resistor bias voltages which helps reduce spatial noise and image artifacts. We will show updated performance and imagery on these arrays, which is currently being measured at <30mK, f/1,555 30 Hz. Pixel operability is greater than 99.5% on most FPAs, where the uncorrected responsivity nonuniformity is less than 4% (sigma/mean), and time constant for these arrays was measured at <8msec. We will report detailed FPA performance results including responsivity, noise, uniformity and pixel operability. We also plan to present video imagery from the most recent FPAs. The reduction in pixel size offers several potential benefits for IR systems. For a given system resolution (IFOV) requirement, the 20 &#956;m pixel will allow an optical volume that is 50 % the size of a 25 &#956;m based system! We will also provide an update on the enhanced performance and yield producibility of our NVESD ManTech 640 × 480 25 &#956;m arrays, and also show data on 25 &#956;m arrays that have been designed for faster time constants (5 ms), while maintaining high performance. We will also show the improvement in our uncooled 320 × 240 and 640 × 480 sensor electronics in terms of reduced power and size for helmet and rifle mounted sensors.
The Effect of Dust Lead Control on Blood Lead in Toddlers: A Randomized Trial (1999)

Regular home cleaning, accompanied by maternal education, is a safe and partially effective intervention that should be recommended for the large majority of lead-exposed children for whom, unfortunately, removal to lead-safe housing is not an option.
Dynamic risk assessment using alarm data (2015)

Abnormal situations can lead to plant shut-down or run-away conditions leading to hazardous incidents if safety systems fail to mitigate serious process abnormality. In order to design and operate a chemical process with reduced incident and accident risks, it is crucial to quantify the probabilities of such incidents. In this paper statistical analysis in a Bayesian framework that uses large distributed control system and emergency shutdown databases is applied to perform real-time risk and vulnerability assessment of a chemical plant. As the process operates, abnormal events result in incidents and near-misses. These events are called accident sequence precursors. Risk analysis is applied to observations of abnormal events in a time interval in order to take into account its interdependence with time. This overcomes one of the main disadvantages of the popular risk quantification techniques like the Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). Bayesian analysis starts with prior distributions (based on reliability data which is generic or prior knowledge) and enhances them with likelihood distributions, constructed from real-time alarm data, to form posterior distributions, which are used to estimate failure probabilities of the safety systems. This methodology will be conducted on a benchmark ammonia storage unit as a case study.