gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep/Wake Behavior of Shift Workers in the Iron and Steel Industry Using Wrist Actigraph (2004)

Division of Law and Public Administration, Kyungnam University, Masan, 631-701The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sleep/wake behavior for shift workers in the iron and steel industry using wrist actigraph for 59 male workers on a continuous full-day three-team three-shift system of backward rotation including on-duty and off-duty periods. The wrist actigraph data were recorded for 15 days (1 shift cycle) for each subject. The sleep length at home during night shift decreased significantly as compared to the morning or evening shifts. The night shift nap length increased significantly in all sections as compared to the morning or evening shifts. The nap length in the Steel Manufacturing Process and Rolling Process during night shift decreased significantly as compared to the Machine Maintenance Section, the Forwarding of Products Section, and the Field Management Section. However, the sleep length at home while off-duty period increased significantly. The percentage of nap length during night shift in the Rolling Process, Steel Manufacture Process, and the other three types of jobs was 16.0%, 20.4%, and about 50.0%, respectively. The nap length during night shift for the above 50 year olds increased significantly as compared to the below 50 year olds. Finally, we discussed the role of nap-taking during the burden on night shift workers and the increased difficulty in continuing their job.Keywords : wrist actigraph, iron and steel industry, shift workers, nighttime nap, sleep/wake behavior
Synthesis of NovelS-Neoglycopeptides from Glycosylthiomethyl Derivatives (2004)

Reaction of glycosylthiomethyl azides with amino acid and peptide derivatives containing aspartate and glutamate thio acids gave the corresponding glycosylthiomethyl amides in excellent yields. Another type of neoglycopeptides was obtained via reaction of glycosylthiomethyl bromide with cysteine and homocysteine containing peptide derivatives, thus affording the corresponding S-(glycosylthiomethyl) peptides.
Molecular analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities in managed and natural upland pasture soils (2003)

Abstract Grassland management influences soil archaeal communities, which appear to be dominated by nonthermophilic crenarchaeotes. To determine whether methanogenic Archaea associated with the Euryarchaeota lineage are also present in grassland soils, anaerobic microcosms containing both managed (improved) and natural (unimproved) grassland rhizosphere soils were incubated for 28 days to encourage the growth of anaerobic Archaea . The contribution of potential methanogenic organisms to the archaeal community was assessed by the molecular analysis of RNA extracted from soil, using primers targeting all Archaea and Euryarchaeota . Archaeal RT‐PCR products were obtained from all anaerobic microcosms. However, euryarchaeal RT‐PCR products (of putative methanogen origin) were obtained only from anaerobic microcosms of improved soil, their presence coinciding with detectable methane production. Sequence analysis of excised denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands revealed the presence of euryarchaeal organisms that could not be detected before anaerobic enrichment. These data indicate that nonmethanogenic Crenarchaeota dominate archaeal communities in grassland soil and suggest that management practices encourage euryarchaeal methanogenic activity.
Transmission filters with multiple flattened passbands based on chirped moire gratings (1998)

In-fiber chirped moire gratings (CMG's) are attractive as wavelength selective elements, and in particular as multiple passband transmission filters, for optical communications. However, as with single phase-shifted gratings, the passbands exhibit nonideal filter characteristics such as a Lorentzian shape with narrow transmission peaks, and rounded, possibly broad bottoms, and are not suitable for system design. We show that we can flatten the passbands by introducing regions of constant refractive index within the CMG. By choosing the number, lengths, and location of the regions with constant refractive index, passbands with steep slopes and ripples less than 0.5 dB can be achieved.
The savant syndrome: an extraordinary condition. A synopsis: past, present, future (2009)

Savant syndrome is a rare, but extraordinary, condition in which persons with serious mental disabilities, including autistic disorder, have some 'island of genius' which stands in marked, incongruous contrast to overall handicap. As many as one in 10 persons with autistic disorder have such remarkable abilities in varying degrees, although savant syndrome occurs in other developmental disabilities or in other types of central nervous system injury or disease as well. Whatever the particular savant skill, it is always linked to massive memory. This paper presents a brief review of the phenomenology of savant skills, the history of the concept and implications for education and future research.
Phase diagram of two-dimensional binary Yukawa mixtures (2015)

ABSTRACTWe have used Ramakrishnan–Yussouff (RY) density functional theory (DFT) to explore the topology of the phase diagram of two-component charge stabilised colloidal suspensions confined to a two-dimensional plane. The particles of the system interact via purely repulsive soft core Yukawa potential. Pair correlation functions (PCFs) used as input informations in DFT were calculated by solving both the hypernetted chain (HNC) and Percus–Yevick (PY) integral equation theories. To test the relative performance of the HNC and PY theories in the context of phase transitions, we have also studied the corresponding one-component systems. We found that RY DFT with HNC PCFs does not stabilise solid in both the one- and two-component cases, whereas the PY theory does. By considering the freezing into the substitutionally disordered triangular solid, we found that the temperature-composition phase diagrams of the binary mixture are narrow spindles whose thickness depends on the symmetry of the mixture components and the value of the screening constant of the Yukawa potential. Although the phase diagram obtained by RY DFT with structural inputs calculated by the PY theory is found to be shifted to higher temperature region in the temperature-composition plane, however, it captures qualitatively all the essential features of the phase diagram. Our results are in principle verifiable through computer simulations and experiments.Display full sizeKEYWORDS: Phase transitionsbinary charge stabilised colloidsdensity functional theoryintegral equation theoryPACS NUMBERS: 82.70.Dd Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by SERB [D. O. no. SR/S2/CMP-0140/2012], Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi (India) through a project grant.
Expression of the rabbit intestinal N2 Na+/nucleoside transporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes (1991)

Polyadenylated [poly(A)+] mRNA isolated from rabbit small-intestinal mucosa was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, and expression of the N2 Na+/nucleoside co-transporter was assayed by measuring Na(+)-dependent thymidine uptake. Expression of Na(+)-dependent thymidine uptake steadily increased after mRNA injection and was on average increased 11-fold by day 6 over background. Na(+)-dependent thymidine uptake was saturable (apparent Km approximately 30 microM at 22 degrees C) and inhibited by uridine and cytidine, but not by guanosine and inosine. These properties of the expressed thymidine transport strongly suggest that the epithelial N2 Na+/nucleoside co-transporter can be expressed in X. laevis oocytes.
Modes of deformation in a soft/hard nanocomposite: A SANS study (1999)

Nanocomposites have been made by mixing soft particles (polymer latex) with hard particles (silica) in aqueous dispersions and extracting water to produce a dense film. Segregation between the two kinds of particles can be controlled, and even suppressed. The elongational modulus is strongly increased by such fillers at low deformations, and remains important at large deformations, which the samples can stand without breaking. Since the silica particles are small (200 Å), we can follow their relative displacements under stretching, by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, through analysis and simulation of the anisotropic patterns. The latter show a crossover from affine displacements to a set of shear displacements that let the particles avoid each other at large deformations. The shear could release the localized stresses (due to polymer confinement) and dissipate more energy. In this way it may contribute to the toughness of the composite against crack propagation.
Enhanced oxygen evolution activity of IrO2 and RuO2 (100) surfaces (2014)

The activities of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on IrO2 and RuO2 catalysts are among the highest known to date. However, the intrinsic OER activities of surfaces with defined crystallographic orientations are not well established experimentally. Here we report that the (100) surface of IrO2 and RuO2 is more active than the (110) surface that has been traditionally explored by density functional theory studies. The relation between the OER activity and density of coordinatively undersaturated metal sites exposed on each rutile crystallographic facet is discussed. The surface-orientation dependent activities can guide the design of high-surface-area catalysts with increased activity for electrolyzers, metal-air batteries, and photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.
Genomic Biomarkers, Androgen Pathway and Prostate Cancer (2007)

Prostate cancer is the most frequent male malignancy diagnosed in western countries and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The growth and function of the prostate gland depends on androgens. Owing to the importance of androgens in prostate development, genes involved in androgen biosynthesis and metabolism have been extensively studied. In this review, we address recent progress toward the use of inherited and acquired genetic variants to predict susceptibility and clinical outcomes of prostate cancer patients. Many of these genetic variants involve several genes related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of androgens, such as steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (SRD5A2), cytochrome P450 (CYP)19A1, CYP17A1, hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2 (HSD3B2) and androgen receptor (AR). With increasing knowledge, it may be possible to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate tumors by molecular fingerprinting. Furthermore, with the emergence of new investigative tools, such as microarray platforms and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, a variety of new genomic biomarkers will be available in the future to provide accurate prognostic and monitoring solutions for individualized patient care.
Hypersensitive Inhibition of the Proliferation of Cells with Mutated DNA Repair-Related Genes by the Catalytic Topoisomerase II Inhibitor 20-O-IngenolEZ (2012)

We previously reported that many ingenol compounds derived from Euphoria kansui exhibit topoisomerase inhibitory activity. 20-O-ingenolEZ in these compounds exerted inhibitory effects on both topoisomerase II (topo II) activity and cell proliferative activity. Topoisomerase II inhibitors can be divided into the poison and catalytic inhibitor types and 20-O-ingenolEZ is a catalytic inhibitor and inhibits topo IIα through inhibition of ATPase activity, but induces topo II-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis in BLM-/- DT40 cells through the induction of the DNA damage checkpoint, similar to the poison type inhibitor adriamycin. The ATPase inhibitor of topo II ICRF-193 also showed poison-like characteristics in the same cell line. However, the inhibitory effects of ICRF-193 on the proliferation of BLM-/- DT40 cells differed from those of 20-O-ingenolEZ, as did the specificity of its inhibition of the proliferation of other cell lines. 20-O-ingenolEZ showed hypersensitive inhibition of the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and BLM-/- DT40 cells with mutated DNA repair-related genes.
Peripheral Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluR2/3) Regulate Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Sensitization of Capsaicin Responses and Thermal Nociception (2002)

Previous studies have shown that group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are present on the peripheral terminals of primary sensory neurons, suggesting that they might be involved in nociception. In this study, we investigated the modulation of nociception by peripheral group II mGluRs and the molecular basis of this modulation. Subcutaneous injection of a group II mGluR agonist, 2R,4R 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC), did not alter thermal sensitivity but blocked prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced thermal hyperalgesia. This effect was blocked by (2s)-2-amino-2-[(1s,2s)-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl]-3-(xanth-9-yl) propanoic acid, a selective group II mGluR antagonist. In cultured primary sensory neurons, APDC blocked PGE2-induced potentiation of capsaicin responses, which was abolished when neurons were pretreated with pertussis toxin. Similar potentiating effects induced by forskolin but not 8-bromo-cAMP were also blocked by the activation of group II mGluRs. These results indicate that peripheral group II mGluRs act via inhibition of adenylyl cyclase to reverse the sensitization of capsaicin receptors and the thermal hyperalgesia induced by PGE2, and suggest that peripheral group II mGluRs might be targeted for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory pain states.
Size-Dependent InAlO3(ZnO)m Nanowires with a Perfect Superlattice Structure (2010)

InAlO3(ZnO)m superlattice nanowires are successfully synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, using Au catalyst. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that these nanowires consist of an alternative stacking of InO2− layers and AlO(ZnO)m+ blocks along the [0001] direction. The periodicity of these nanowires is proportional to their diameter, which is determined by the Au alloy particle size at the tip of the nanowire. The linear relationship between the periodicity and the diameter is well explained by a cylindrical configuration model. Our results indicate that controlled synthesis of InAlO3(ZnO)m superlattice nanowires becomes possible. The photoluminescence properties of InAlO3(ZnO)m superlattice nanowires were studied.
Grad-CAM: Why did you say that? Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localization (2016)

We propose a technique for making Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based
models more transparent by visualizing the regions of input that are
important for predictions from these models - or visual explanations. Our approach, called Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM),
uses the class-specific gradient information flowing into the final
convolutional layer of a CNN to produce a coarse localization map of the
important regions in the image. Grad-CAM is a strict generalization of the
Class Activation Mapping. Unlike CAM, Grad-CAM requires no re-training and is
broadly applicable to any CNN-based architectures. We also show how Grad-CAM
may be combined with existing pixel-space visualizations to create a
high-resolution class-discriminative visualization (Guided Grad-CAM). We
generate Grad-CAM and Guided Grad-CAM visual explanations to better understand
image classification, image captioning, and visual question answering (VQA)
models. In the context of image classification models, our visualizations (a)
lend insight into their failure modes showing that seemingly unreasonable
predictions have reasonable explanations, and (b) outperform pixel-space
gradient visualizations (Guided Backpropagation and Deconvolution) on the
ILSVRC-15 weakly supervised localization task. For image captioning and VQA,
our visualizations expose the somewhat surprising insight that common CNN +
LSTM models can often be good at localizing discriminative input image regions
despite not being trained on grounded image-text pairs. Finally, we design and conduct human studies to measure if Guided Grad-CAM
explanations help users establish trust in the predictions made by deep
networks. Interestingly, we show that Guided Grad-CAM helps untrained users
successfully discern a stronger deep network from a weaker one even when
both networks make identical predictions.
Modeling and optical characterization of vibrating micro- and nanostructures (2008)

The lack of commercial equipment for characterization of vibrating micro- and nanostructures has motivated the development of a heterodyne interferometer. The setup is designed to measure phase and absolute amplitude in the entire frequency range 0-1.2 GHz. Its transverse resolution is < 1 &#956;m while the present sensitivity for vibrations is 3 pm/(Hz)<sup>1/2</sup>. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are being developed for diagnostic imaging of vulnerable plaques in the coronary arteries. The CMUTs have 5.7 &#956;m radii, 100 nm membrane thickness and ~30 MHz center frequency. Arrays of ~7500 CMUTs have been fabricated. Frequency scan measurements along a row of CMUTs reveal a variation in resonance frequency. This may be due to variations of material properties, dimensions such as thickness and transverse dimensions, and other manufacturing variance. The frequency scan revealed the fundamental mode and two closely spaced higher order modes. Modeling of individual CMUT elements was performed using the commercial program COMSOL. A finite element model (FEM) based on symmetry assumptions predicted only one higher order mode. After closer analysis it was found that the symmetry assumptions were insufficient. By using a complete physical model two higher order modes were predicted in agreement with the measurements. Simulations are able to predict transducer characteristics in great detail but are dependent on accurate input parameters. The optical measurements contribute to validate or complement simulations and assumptions they rely on. The heterodyne interferometer is therefore a valuable tool for quality control in the conception, design and manufacturing of new acoustic devices.
Vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies targeting circumsporozoite protein prevent Plasmodium falciparum infection (2013)

Malaria, which is the result of Plasmodium falciparum infection, is a global health threat that resulted in 655,000 deaths and 216 million clinical cases in 2010 alone. Recent phase 3 trials with malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) in children has demonstrated modest efficacy against clinical and severe malaria. RTS,S targets the pre-erythrocytic phase of the disease and induces high antibody titers against the P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and a moderate CD4(+) T cell response. The individual contribution of these adaptive immune responses to protection from infection remains unknown. Here, we found that prophylactic administration of anti-CSP mAbs derived from an RTS,S-vaccinated recipient fully protected mice with humanized livers from i.v.- and mosquito bite–delivered P. falciparum sporozoite challenge. Titers of anti-CSP that conveyed full protection were within the range observed in human RTS,S vaccine recipients. Increasing anti-CSP titers resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the liver parasite burden. These data indicate that RTS,S-induced antibodies are protective and provide sterilizing immunity against P. falciparum infection when reaching or exceeding a critical plasma concentration.
Theoretical study of in-plane response of magnetic field sensor to magnetic beads magnetized by the sensor self-field (2010)

We present a theoretical study of the spatially averaged in-plane magnetic field on square and rectangular magnetic field sensors from a single magnetic bead, a monolayer of magnetic beads, and a half-space filled with magnetic beads being magnetized by the magnetic self-field due to the applied bias current through the sensor. The analysis of the single bead response shows that beads always contribute positively to the average magnetic field as opposed to the case for an applied homogeneous magnetic field where the sign of the signal depends on the bead position. General expressions and analytical approximations are derived for the sensor response to beads as function of the bead distribution, the bias current, the geometry and size of the sensor, and the bead characteristics. Consequences for the sensor design are exemplified and it is described how the contribution from the self-field experimentally can be separated from that due to static magnetic fields.
A randomised study comparing the effect on ovarian activity of a progestogen-only pill (POP) containing desogestrel and a new POP containing drospirenone in a 24/4 regimen (2015)

The new drospirenone-only pill inhibited ovulation as effectively as the desogestrel-only pill despite the 4-day hormone-free interval.
Corrosion Inhibition by an Aqueous Extract of Rhizome Powder (2005)

An aqueous extract of the plant material rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) powder has been used as a corrosion inhibitor in controlling corrosion of carbon steel immersed in an aqueous solution containing 60 ppm of Cl–, by the mass-loss method, in the absence and presence of Zn2+. The main constituent of this plant extract is curcumin. It has good inhibition efficiency (IE) and shows good IE at extreme pH values. In the presence of Zn2+, there exists a synergistic effect. Synergism parameters have been calculated. The protective film has been analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The film consists of a Fe2+-curcumin complex and zinc hydroxide (Zn[OH]2). It is found to be UV-fluorescent. Electrochemical studies such as potentiodynamic polarization and alternating current (AC) impedance have been used to find the mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition.
Successful Isolation and PCR Amplification of DNA from National Institute of Standards and Technology Herbal Dietary Supplement Standard Reference Material Powders and Extracts (2009)

Twenty-four herbal dietary supplement powder and extract reference standards provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were investigated using three different commercially available DNA extraction kits to evaluate DNA availability for downstream nucleotide-based applications. The material included samples of Camellia, Citrus, Ephedra, Ginkgo, Hypericum, Serenoa, And Vaccinium. Protocols from Qiagen, MoBio, and Phytopure were used to isolate and purify DNA from the NIST standards. The resulting DNA concentration was quantified using SYBR Green fluorometry. Each of the 24 samples yielded DNA, though the concentration of DNA from each approach was notably different. The Phytopure method consistently yielded more DNA. The average yield ratio was 22 : 3 : 1 (ng/microL; Phytopure : Qiagen : MoBio). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer II region using PCR was ultimately successful in 22 of the 24 samples. Direct sequencing chromatograms of the amplified material suggested that most of the samples were comprised of mixtures. However, the sequencing chromatograms of 12 of the 24 samples were sufficient to confirm the identity of the target material. The successful extraction, amplification, and sequencing of DNA from these herbal dietary supplement extracts and powders supports a continued effort to explore nucleotide sequence-based tools for the authentication and identification of plants in dietary supplements.