gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
한국불교가사에 나타난 불교사상 고찰 (1995)

高麗末에 발생하여 최근세까지 계승되어 온 佛敎歌辭는 주로 승려들에 의해 지어져 불교신도들에게 佛德을 예찬하고 佛法修行을 권면하는 내용으로 되어 있는데, 이러한 불교가사 70여편에 현저하게 나타나는 淨土思想·因果思想·勸佛思想·無常思想이 실제 작품에는 어떻게 나타나는지를 살피기로 한다. 淨土思想이란 永生不威의 極樂世界에 가기 위해서는 불교를 믿고 고난을 참으로 수행하고 선을 쌓아서 極樂淨土를 추구하라는 것이다. 에서는 佛國土로 衆生을 인도하기 위해 그 풍경의 아름다움을 나타내고 있으며, 와 에서는 무궁한 福樂을 누리는 極樂淨土의 분위기를 잘 나타내고 있다. 因果思想이란 일체의 만물이 善因이 있으면 樂果가 있고 惡因이 있으면 苦果가 있어, 이것이 現世뿐 아니라 前世와 來世에 걸쳐 因果應報의 관계를 형성한다는 것이다. 에서는 세상일에 너무 貧着하지 말고 善根을 심으라 했다. 에서도 佛動國에 갈려면 善心으로 積德해야 한다고 했으며, 에서는 재물이나 불법으로 布施하여 중생을 교도하라고 권하였다. 勸佛思想이란 중생들이 極樂淨土에 往生하기 위해서는 阿彌陀佛의 공덕이나 相好를 입으로 외우거나 마음속으로 생각하는 念佛을 하라고 권하는 것이다. 에서는 일심으로 念佛하여 부처님께 歸依하라 하였고, 에서는 지성껏 念佛하면 地獄의 명부에도 삭제된다고 했으며, 에서는 衆生은 누구든지 지성으로 念佛하면 極樂往生한다 하였다. 無常思想이란 娑婆世界의 모든 것은 한 순간도 정지하지 않고 生滅變化하므로 모든 것이 空한 것임을 알아 解脫하자는 것이다. 에서는 늙음과 죽음을 고통스러워 하지 말고 선심공덕을 쌓으라 하였으며, 에서도 인생의 유한함과 무상함을 알고 질병의 고통에서 벗어나라 하였으며, 에서는 生者必滅이요, 空手來 空手去라고 하였으며, 등에서는 世上萬事가 夢幼이요 인생이 허무함을 노래하였다. 이러한 불교가사에 나타난 사상의 연구는 민중포교를 위해 제작된 불교가사의 이해를 돕고 나아가 한국문학사의 정리에도 기여하리라고 본다.
Estimation of Scale Effects in Axial Flow Fans (1961)

The losses in a fan unit consisting of rotor, guide vanes and tail fairing have been studied and the average losses are expressed in terms of non‐dimensional similarity parameters, frequently referred to as ‘fan laws’. It was found that for a specified duty and fan geometry the losses depend on: (a) The magnitude of the lift‐drag ratio of the rotor blades. (b) The drag coefficient of the guide vanes. (c) The loss over the tail faring. Since for complete similarity the parameters for model and prototype are considered to be equal, the discrepancy in losses between model and prototype, that is, scale effect, is mainly due to the variations of the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade and guide‐vane profile with the Reynolds number.
Stable microcrystalline silicon thin-film transistors produced by the layer-by-layer technique (1999)

Microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by the layer-by-layer technique in a standard radio-frequency glow discharge reactor were used as the active layer of top-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs). Crystalline fractions above 90% were achieved for silicon films as thin as 40 nm and resulted in TFTs with smaller threshold voltages than amorphous silicon TFTs, but similar field effect mobilities of around 0.6 cm2/V s. The most striking property of these microcrystalline silicon transistors was their high electrical stability when submitted to bias-stress tests. We suggest that the excellent stability of these TFTs, prepared in a conventional plasma reactor, is due to the stability of the μc-Si:H films. These TFTs can be used in applications that require high stability for which a-Si:H TFTs cannot be used, such as multiplexed row and column drivers in flat-panel display applications, and active matrix addressing of polymer light-emitting diodes.
Metreleptin for injection to treat the complications of leptin deficiency in patients with congenital or acquired generalized lipodystrophy (2015)

The lipodystrophies represent a class of diseases characterized by leptin deficiency. Leptin deficiency is associated with a severe form of the metabolic syndrome characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and ovarian dysfunction. Metreleptin is the pharmaceutical derived product that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat the severe metabolic abnormalities of the generalized forms of lipodystrophy. Herein we describe the properties of metreleptin, its use in patients, which includes the administration of the drug and how it may be acquired by medical professionals as well as its safety, tolerability, and properties. Finally, we speculate on future uses and development of metreleptin.
S1302-1-5 Effects of Oxygen-including Compounds on Cutting Performance in MQL Machining of Aluminum (2010)

In machining of aluminum and its alloys, since they have highly adhesive characteristics, effective lubrication is often necessary to prevent their accumulative transfer on the tool and the resultant chip jamming. This study therefore proposes novel cutting fluids based on such chemical compounds including oxygen as ester, alcohol and acid. In particular, some specific alcohols have demonstrated the exceedingly high performance in tapping of aluminum compared with ordinary successful cutting fluids comprising extremely pressure additives. The study has further examined the performance of those oxygen-including compounds as a MQL fluid in near-dry machining.
Methods and Theory for Unconfined Infiltration Measurements (1992)

This chapter reviews the design, calibration, and operation of tension and ponded infiltrometers. Analysis of unconfined saturated and unsaturated infiltration data obtained from use of these instruments is also reviewed. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities are easily determined from these data. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measurements can provide a rapid and sensitive indicator of the effects of soil compaction, soil texture, management, and root growth on soil hydraulic properties. The hydraulic conductivity function near saturation is also useful in predicting solute movement.
Fast Facts: Headaches (2002)

The management of people suffering with headaches forms a substantial part of the workload of the family physician and the practising neurologist. While some patients can perform normally using self-medication, headache can be a symptom of a potentially serious illness and disabling headaches, either continuous or as intermittent attacks, require c
Mechanical Effects of Galvanic Corrosion of Thin Film Polysilicon (2005)

Mechanical, and electrical effects generated by the galvanic corrosion of polysilicon immersed in various hydrofluoric acid (HF)-based solutions are described. Micromachined test structures consisting of phosphorus-doped polysilicon in contact with a gold metallization layer are utilized. A suite of otherwise identical test (metal added) and reference (no metal) structures were used to investigate changes in key performance parameters. Corroded test structures demonstrate an increase in through-thickness strain gradient, a decrease in the characteristic frequency of mechanical resonance, no change in in-plane strain, greatly increased electrical resistance, a decrease in hardness, and a decrease in elastic modulus. Noteworthy results were observed for aqueous-hydrochloric acid, ethanol, water, ammonium fluoride (found in buffered oxide etchant), Triton-X-100, as well as vapor-HF based chemistries. This first systematic study validates preliminary experiments and demonstrates the impact of corrosion on miniaturized structures, indicating a potential influence upon the material properties, design, performance, fatigue, tribology (friction/ wear), manufacture, and packaging of micro-and nano-scale devices.
Tetrahydrobiopterin attenuates microvascular renal ischemia reperfusion injury via sustainment of NO homeostasis (2009)

Sucher, Robert MD; Gehwolf, Philipp MD; Oberhuber, Ruppert MD; Margreiter, Christian MD; Werner, Ernst R. MD; Obrist, Peter MD; Schneeberger, Stefan MD; Öllinger, Robert MD; Margreiter, Raimund MD; Brandacher, Gerald MD Author Information
Red blood cell enzyme disorders: An overview (2008)

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Fabrication and optical characteristics of large-core radial-firing optical fiber tip comprised of conically shaped air-pocket (2021)

We report a large-core radial-firing optical fiber tip comprised of conically shaped air-pocket, fabricated by deforming a hollow optical fiber fusion-spliced with the large-core optical fiber (LCF) (core/cladding diameters = 200 / 220 μm) using the arc-discharge method. The effect of the intaglio air-pocket angle and the numerical aperture (NA) of the LCF on the radial-firing characteristics of the fiber tip was investigated. The design of air-pocket of the fiber tip was optimized for an effective radial-firing by simulating the beam profile of the radial-firing optical fiber with the ray-tracing method. The 45 deg of the conical angle with the low NA (0.12) of the LCF has shown the maximum radial-firing angle of 81 deg by the simulation. The fabricated LCF tip with the intaglio conical air-pocket with the 45 deg angle has shown the radial-firing angle up to ±78 deg, which was in good agreement with the simulation results. The present LCF radial-firing tip can be an effective element of medical devices for treatment of tubular shape tissues with the high-power transmission and the ease of operation in vivo.
Trace selection for improved WLAN monitoring (2013)

Existing measurement techniques for IEEE~802.11-based networks assume that the higher the density of monitors in the target area, the higher the quality of the measure. This assumption is, however, too strict if we consider the cost involved in monitor installation and the necessary time to collect and merge all traces. In this paper, we investigate the balance between number of traces and completeness of collected data. We propose a method based on similarity to rank collected traces according to their contribution to the monitoring system. With this method, we are able to select only a subset of traces and still keep the quality of the measure, while improving system scalability. In addition, based on the same rank, we identify monitors that can be relocated to enlarge the monitored area and increase the overall efficiency of the system. Finally, our experimental results show that the proposed solution leads to a better tradeoff in terms of unique captured frames over the number of merge operations.
Frequency Readjustment of Excitation Signals for Resonant Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band (2019)

In this publication an essential step is described to use a six-port based instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) system for determining applied force on a resonant surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor in the worldwide approved 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. Due to the comparably high frequency for such sensors, side spurs may arise in the frequency response close to the main resonance because of non-linearities in the materials and the manufacturing process of these sensors. In order to keep the measurement error low and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) high, the readjustment of the excitation frequency of the sensor is proposed. Measurements were performed that show a significant difference between readjusted and constant excitation frequency. This improvement thus makes the system far more tolerant for sensors with unexpected side spurs.
Rapid preparation of human insulin and insulin analogues in high yield by enzyme-assisted semi-synthesis (1983)

Reaction conditions are described that permit the enzyme-assisted semi-synthetic replacement of residue B30 of pig insulin (or of analogue) to proceed in very high yield in 2 h or less. Immobilized trypsin may be used as catalyst, and excess amino acid ester may be recycled after a simple extraction. Alanine-B30 may be replaced by a variety of nucleophiles, including threonine O-t-butyl ether t-butyl ester, in which case the yield of crude product is about 99%. De-protection of the B30 threonyl ester analogue of insulin thus formed then affords human insulin in an overall yield of about 92%, based on pig starting material. The product has full biological potency, as determined by depression of blood glucose concentration in rats, and showed the expected behaviour on radioimmunoassay.
Realistic compilation by program transformation (detailed summary) (1989)

Using concepts from denotational semantics, we have produced a very simple compiler that can be used to compile standard programming languages and produces object code as efficient as that of production compilers. The compiler is based entirely on source-to-source transformations performed on programs that have been translated into an intermediate language resembling the lambda calculus. The output of the compiler, while still in the intermediate language, can be trivially translated into machine code for the target machine. The compilation by transformation strategy is simple: the goal is to remove any dependencies on the intermediate language semantics that the target machine cannot implement directly. Front-ends have been written for Pascal, BASIC, and Scheme and the compiler produces code for the MC68020 microprocessor.
Polyacrylamide hydrogel phantoms for performance evaluation of multispectral photoacoustic imaging systems (2021)

As photoacoustic imaging (PAI) begins to mature and undergo clinical translation, there is a need for well-validated, standardized performance test methods to support device development, quality control, and regulatory evaluation. Despite recent progress, current PAI phantoms may not adequately replicate tissue light and sound transport over the full range of optical wavelengths and acoustic frequencies employed by reported PAI devices. Here we introduce polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogel as a candidate material for fabricating stable phantoms with well-characterized optical and acoustic properties that are biologically relevant over a broad range of system design parameters. We evaluated suitability of PAA phantoms for conducting image quality assessment of three PAI systems with substantially different operating parameters including two commercial systems and a custom system. Imaging results indicated that appropriately tuned PAA phantoms are useful tools for assessing and comparing PAI system image quality. These phantoms may also facilitate future standardization of performance test methodology.
Microphone array beamforming for spatial audio object capture. (2020)

Microphone arrays can capture a sound scene and can be combined with signal processing to spatially filter or beamform the scene to extract the source of interest by suppressing unwanted sounds. Microphone array beamforming has been widely used for speech enhancement, giving rise to a vast number of beamforming methods to optimally suppress interfering sounds. However, the opportunities of these systems in broadcast and consumer audio recording have not been investigated, where wideband capture is a requirement. In this case, the microphone array design plays a significant role, yet despite the various designs from the literature, it is not clear which geometry provides the best performance under a range of criteria relevant for these applications. Moreover, the interactions between the array geometry, the beamformer and other design parameters and their impact on both physical and perceptual quality of extracted audio sources have not been established. The main contribution of this thesis is to determine the uniform microphone array design that maximises the quality of extracted audio sources (or objects) from horizontal sound scenes, since most sound scenes have much larger variation in azimuth than elevation. Both physical and perceptual performance evaluations are conducted with a range of microphone geometries and beamforming methods showing that baffled circular arrays outperform alternative geometries both objectively (in terms of frequency range, spatial resolution, directivity and robustness) and perceptually (based on interference suppression and quality of target and overall sounds). New insights of the interactions between array geometries and beamformers are provided. Moreover, a subjective evaluation of beamforming methods is undertaken showing the benefits of the on-axis distortionless response in combination with very high directivity from the superdirective beamformer, particularly for wideband signals. In addition to the array geometry, the effects of directivity order and regularisation are further investigated to synthesise frequency-invariant directional responses with the least-squares beamformer. The results exhibit the trade-offs between directivity and robustness with regularisation and between directivity and frequency range with directivity order. Baffled circular arrays perform best consistently for different orders and regularisation parameters. Furthermore, an optimal regularisation parameter is derived that minimises the error between the target and synthesised responses in presence of manifold errors, outperforming constant robustness constraints particularly for gain and positioning errors whose optimal regularised responses are frequency dependent. The combination of simulation and perceptual results presented in this thesis represents a significant addition to the beamforming literature, potentially influencing the design of future compact microphone arrays.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Characteristics Near Casing in an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor at Stable and Stall Inception Conditions (2014)

Casing instantaneous pressure measurements and full-annulus unsteady simulations were undertaken to analyze flow characteristics near casing at stable and stall inception conditions in an axial flow compressor rotor, and the objective was to establish its linkage with the stall inception process. The measured flow characteristic at near-stall stable operating conditions was the appearance of rotating instability (RI), which attributed to the activity of an unsteady flow with varying frequency. A similar flow characteristic was found in the simulated near-stall stable flow conditions, and detailed analyses of instantaneous flow field indicated the formation and activity of tip secondary vortex could be flow mechanism for the appearance of RI as far as nonuniform tip loading distribution in measurements was concerned. The measured flow characteristic before spike emergence was still the activity of RI. However, it was submerged into flow field accompany by the emergence of spike. The simulated stall inception process was similar to that from measurement, and further analyses of instantaneous flow field established the causal linkage between RI and stall inception process for the test rotor.
Study and preparation of high-T/sub c/ superconducting (HTSC) thin films for electronic applications (1989)

The authors review the preparation, processing, and properties of the coevaporated Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films. In addition, they cover the fabrication of submicrometer wires and laser micromodification of these films. High-quality superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ thin films were reproducibly prepared through thermal coevaporation of BaF/sub 2/, Y, and Cu. Uniformity in thickness and composition of the deposited films can be achieved for a 2.5-in.-diameter area. Highly c-oriented films with a total transition temperature above 90 K were reproducibly made on
An energy benchmark for software updates on wireless sensor nodes (2013)

Energy consumption is arguably the key factor in the design and operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).This holds both for normal operation and maintenance operationssuch as software updates.Whereas software updates will probably be infrequent, they must still not consume a significant fraction of a WSN's energy reserve; also, the required consumption must be known before triggering an update, in order to ensure that it can complete.Software updates are an expensive operation: there can be a significant volume of data, guaranteed delivery is required, and normal data fusion algorithms cannot be used to reduce the communication load.In this paper we present a node-level energy consumption model for the evaluating the efficiency of software updates on wireless sensor nodes.This model is then used to derive a novel minimum energy benchmark equation.This paper also presents some new power measurements, and uses these, along with published data, to interpret the benchmark in quantitative terms for some specific hardware platforms.This benchmark provides a standardized and quantitative figure to use in comparing software update algorithms.The methodology is also applicable to establishing energy benchmarks for other tasks in the WSN domain.