gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review on tissue engineering scaffolds and their function in regenerative medicine (2018)

&nbsp;One of the challenges that medical sciences has long been facing is to find the best therapeutic method for the damaged tissues. The main purpose of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of biological implant or engineered tissues to repair, regenerate or replace the damaged tissue and maintain the organ function. At the moment, a lot of research has been done in the field of nanotechnology on the application of nanomaterials in medicine, because the surface of these nanomaterials increases with decreasing their size with change or increases in effect concommitantly. In recent decades, the production of medical textiles (Including nano fibers) has been provided good services to the regenerative medicine. In the field of biomedical applications, it is often necessary to combine biological and medical sciences with materials science and engineering. One of the most important application of tissue engineering is the usage of nanofiber matrix as scaffolds for the cell growth and proliferation. In this paper, various types of engineered scaffolds and their functions have been presented and evaluated. &nbsp;
Asymmetric catalysis of homo‐coupling of 3‐substituted naphthylamine and hetero‐coupling with 3‐substituted naphthol leading to 3,3′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐diaminobinaphthyl and ‐2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxybinaphthyl (2009)

Optically active 3,3'-dimethyl-2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthyl (DM-DABN) and 3,3'-dimethyl-2-amino-2'-hydroxybinaphthyl (DM-NOBIN) derivatives were synthesized by Cu-(-)-sparteine complex-catalyzed enantioselective homo- and hetero-coupling of 2-naphthylamine, respectively. The difference in enantioselectivity was observed by changing the concentration of oxygen.
Tectonic Evolution of the Altun Fault System and Its Adjacent Areas in the Meso-Cenozoic (2002)

According to research results of gravity, magnetic exploration, electrical prospecting, remote sensing and surface geology, this paper points out that the Altun fault system stretches along Dunhuang and Jinta into the Yinggen—Ejin Basin and then extends northeastwards along Dingxin and Wutaohai to Engger Us,and proposes that the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the system is divided into six stages:Indosinian, Early Yanshanian, Middle Yanshanian, Late Yanshanian, Early Himalayan and Himalayan—Neotectonic stages. Each stage has a special tectonic stress field, faulting behaviour, basin type and depositional characteristics. In the whole Meso-Cenozoic Era, there occurred strike-slip activity withdifferent directions, intensities and natures in different stages. The Jurassic—Cretaceous period is a major stage in which a series of strike-slip rift basins were formed in the frontal regions of the orogens and uplift zones, and the Tertiary—Quaternary period became another major stage in which foreland basins were well developed.
558 AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL VS OLMESARTAN AND VALSARTAN (2012)

Background: Azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M), a novel angiotensin receptor blocker, lowers blood pressure (BP) more effectively than olmesartan (OLM) and valsartan (VAL) in patients with hypertension. Post hoc analyses of 3 randomized, placebo- and/or active-controlled trials were conducted to compare the BP-lowering effects of AZL-M, OLM and VAL in black patients with stage 1 and 2 hypertension, using ambulatory (ABPM) and clinic BP monitoring. Methods: Data were pooled from 3 trials that randomized patients to AZL-M (40 and 80 mg), OLM 40 mg, VAL 320 mg, or placebo daily for 6 to 24 weeks. Major endpoints included changes from baseline in 24-hour ambulatory and clinic systolic BP (SBP) and clinic SBP following 6 to 8 weeks. Results: Most (>90%) black patients were enrolled in the USA. Mean age was 51–53 yr, with 45–58% men. Baseline (BL) 24-h SBP was 145–148 mm Hg; BL clinic SBP was 156–159 mm Hg. Reductions from BL in 24-h mean and clinic SBP were significantly or numerically greater with 40 and 80 mg AZL-M versus each comparator (Table). The proportion of patients achieving goal BP also was higher for subjects receiving AZL-M compared with OLM or VAL (Table). Safety and tolerability measures were similar for AZL-M, active comparators, and placebo. Conclusions: These data indicate that AZL-M has greater SBP lowering efficacy in black patients with hypertension compared to OLM and VAL at their maximum approved doses.
In vitro cell infiltration and in vivo cell infiltration and vascularization in a fibrous, highly porous poly(D,L‐lactide) scaffold fabricated by cryogenic electrospinning technique (2008)

One of the obstacles limiting the application of electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering is the nanoscale pores that inhibit cell infiltration. In this article, we describe a technique that uses ice crystals as templates to fabricate cryogenic electrospun scaffolds (CES) with large three-dimensional and interconnected pores using poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA). Manipulating the humidity of the electrospinning environment the pore sizes are controlled. We are able to achieve pore sizes ranging from 900 +/- 100 microm(2) to 5000 +/- 2000 microm(2) depending on the relative humidity used. Our results show that cells infiltrated the CES up to 50 microm in thickness in vitro under static culture conditions whereas cells did not infiltrate the conventional electrospun scaffolds. In vivo studies demonstrated improved cell infiltration and vascularization in the CES compared with conventionally prepared electrospun scaffolds. In gaining control of the pore characteristics, we can then design CES that are optimized for specific tissue engineering applications.
Protecting children from passive smoking (2000)

Papers pp 333, 337, 343 

Environmental tobacco smoke is a serious health risk to children. Regulatory measures to protect children, such as eliminating smoking in day care settings, schools, and public places, do not address their main source of exposure to tobacco smoke—their homes. Formal structures for protecting children in the home are usually only used in certain circumstances involving custody and adoption,1 and legislation to ban smoking in homes is unlikely, so other strategies to reduce children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke must be put in place.

In this issue of the BMJ , three separate but thematically related papers provide support for a comprehensive approach to protect children from environmental tobacco smoke.2–4 Jarvis et al report that much of the reduction in exposure among English children aged 11–15 that occurred between 1988 and 1998 was due to reduced prevalence of parental smoking, as well as reduced smoking …
Porcelain Enamel's Use in Power Generator Plants (2008)

The cheapest energy source for an electrical power plant is coal, but where fossil fuels are burned, flue gases contain sulfur dioxide which must be removed with gas desulfurization installations. The results of this desulfurization process are dilute sulfuric acid and an extremely corrosive atmosphere for the materials in the installation. Such an installation is ideal for the application of porcelain enamel. Considering the tenuous future of nuclear energy in the United States and in Europe, porcelain enamel factories worldwide would be wise to establish for themselves general standards and test methods for such an application to competently meet future demands.
Replication of DNA minicircles in kinetoplasts isolated from Crithidia fasciculata: structure of nascent minicircles. (1989)

We have previously described an isolated kinetoplast system from Crithidia fasciculata capable of ATP-dependent replication of kinetoplast DNA minicircles (L. Birkenmeyer and D.S. Ray, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 2362-2368, 1986). We present here the identification of two new minicircle species observed in short pulse-labeling experiments in this system. The earliest labeled minicircle species (component A) contains both nascent H and L strands and is heterogeneous in sedimentation and electrophoretic migration. Component A has characteristics consistent with a Cairns-type structure in which the L strand is the leading strand and the H strand is the lagging strand. The other new species (component B) has a nascent 2.5-kilobase linear L strand with a single discontinuity that mapped to either of two alternative origins located 180 degrees apart on the minicircle map. Component B could be repaired to a covalently closed form by Escherichia coli polymerase I and T4 ligase but not by T4 polymerase and T4 ligase. Even though component B has a single gap in one strand, it had an electrophoretic mobility on an agarose gel (minus ethidium bromide) similar to that of a supercoiled circle with three supertwists. Treatment of component B with topoisomerase II converted it to a form that comigrated with a nicked open circular form (replicative form II). These results indicate that component B is a knotted topoisomer of a kinetoplast DNA minicircle with a single gap in the L strand.
Molecular and supramolecular structures in biological fluids and their homochiral models (2012)

The structures of homochiral solutions that simulate biological fluids were studied. Dynamic light scattering revealed three structural groups in them, viz., (1–10) nm (molecular associations); 10 μm (strings), and 1 μm (isometric grains). IR spectroscopy and chirotropical measurements confirmed the presence of associations. We considered a statistical model for the formation of molecular association and the formation of strings in the average field of associations.
Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures around Hip Arthroplasty: Current Concepts in their Management (2009)

Peri-prosthetic fractures (PFF) are complex management problems in orthopaedic surgery. Their treatment has evolved with advances in principles of internal fixation and revision hip surgery. Current classification systems look at anatomical location, prosthesis stability and bone quality. Recent evidence highlights the importance of fracture stability in treatment planning, the weaknesses of single plating, the increasing role of long stem revision and also the importance of bone allografts. We present the principles of management of both intra and post-operative PFFs, including surgical techniques and published outcomes.
Antineuronal Antibodies in Migraine Patients With White Matter Lesions (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies occasionally display focal hyperintense lesions within the white matter of migraine patients. No immunological factors associated with these lesions have been defined so far. To investigate the relationship between MRI lesions and antineuronal antibody response, 17 migraine patients with white matter lesions (WML), 19 migraine patients without WML, 20 multiple sclerosis patients with WML and with no headache history, and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled, and their sera were examined by indirect immunohistochemistry for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) reacting with the rat brain tissue. Migraine patients with and without WML essentially showed identical demographic and clinical features and frequencies of systemic autoantibodies. However, migraine patients with WML displayed a significantly higher frequency of antineuronal antibodies than those without WML (12/17 vs. 2/19, p = .0004). Serum IgG of migraine patients predominantly reacted with the cytoplasm of neurons and the molecular layer of cerebellum. None of the multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls displayed antineuronal antibodies. Our results imply the involvement of inflammation in migraine pathogenesis.
Expert system based automatic network fault management system (2003)

An expert system for network management is designed and prototyped to do network troubleshooting automatically. The expert system employs management information provided by a monitoring mechanism of the network. The whole spectrum of the fault management information is analyzed. The management knowledge derived is categorized into five types: the physical property, the experience in the past, the heuristic rule of thumb, the predictable problems, and the deep knowledge. These knowledge types and related rules are divided into groups to improve reasoning speed. The expert system is composed of a problem manager, a problem analyzer, and many problem solvers. A prototyped expert system, using simulated faults, shows that the expert-system-based fault management system can automatically diagnose problems and take corrective actions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Shape-enhanced ammonia electro-oxidation property of a cubic platinum nanocrystal catalyst prepared by surfactant-free synthesis (2013)

Carbon-supported cubic platinum nanocrystals (PtNC/C) with clean surfaces have been prepared using a facile, scalable, and surfactant-free method, in which impregnated Pt precursors on a C support are reduced in a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The influence of synthesis parameters on the morphology of final products is investigated. The cubic Pt/C is studied for the catalytic property in electro-oxidation of ammonia. It exhibits a significant shape effect, with much improved activity and better durability compared to commercial Pt/C and Pt particles with other morphologies. The observed shape dependency of electrocatalytic property is attributed to changes in electronic/geometric structures and varying coverage of Nad, a poisoning species, on different Pt surfaces.
The role of neuropeptide F in a transition to parental care (2016)

The genetics of complex social behaviour can be dissected by examining the genetic influences of component pathways, which can be predicted based on expected evolutionary precursors. Here, we examine how gene expression in a pathway that influences the motivation to eat is altered during parental care that involves direct feeding of larvae. We examine the expression of neuropeptide F, and its receptor, in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, which feeds pre-digested carrion to its begging larvae. We found that the npf receptor was greatly reduced during active care. Our research provides evidence that feeding behaviour was a likely target during the evolution of parental care in N. vespilloides Moreover, dissecting complex behaviours into ethologically distinct sub-behaviours is a productive way to begin to target the genetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of complex behaviours.
Evaluation of Stray Load Losses in Cores and Secondary Conductors of Induction Motor Using Magnetic Field Analysis (2013)

To develop further higher efficiency induction motors, the reduction of the stray load losses, which are the increase of loss in the load condition relative to that in no-load test condition, should be investigated by using the magnetic field analysis. However, the calculation of the stray load losses using the magnetic field analysis requires high computation cost due to consideration of the slot harmonics in the flux densities, and the large time constant. In this paper, to evaluate the stray load losses in the cores and the secondary conductors of induction motors using the two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic field analysis within practical computation cost, some useful techniques, to mention a few, the nonconforming technique and the simplified time-periodic explicit error correction method, are introduced. Then, the stray load loss of an actual induction motor without skew is evaluated by the developed 2-D magnetic field analysis. It is shown that the calculated no-load losses are almost the same with the measured one, and the stray load losses in the stator core and secondary conductors due to the harmonic components in the secondary current are large.
Biosynthesis-Inspired Intramolecular Oxa-Conjugate Cyclization of α,β-Unsaturated Thioesters: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,6-cis-Substituted Tetrahydropyrans (2011)

Intramolecular oxa-conjugate cyclization of α,β-unsaturated thioesters under Brønsted acid catalysis, inspired by biosynthesis of polyketide natural products, provides a variety of 2,6-cis-substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivities. An added bonus of this methodology is that the product tetrahydropyrans could be readily elaborated to various derivatives by exploiting the unique reactivity of the thioester group.
High-Efficiency Image Coding via Near-Optimal Filtering (2017)

Wiener filtering, which has been widely used in the field of image restoration, is statistically optimal in the sense of mean square error. The adaptive loop filter in video coding inherits the design of Wiener filters, and has been proved to achieve significant improvement on compression performance by reducing coding artifacts and providing high-quality references for subsequent frames. To further improve the compression performance via filtering technique, we explore the factors that may hinder the potential performance of Wiener-based filters, and propose a near-optimal filter learning scheme for high-efficiency image coding. Based on the analyses, we observe that the foremost factor affecting the performance of Wiener-based filters is the divergence of statistical characteristics of training samples, instead of the filter taps or shapes. In view of this, we propose an iterative training method to derive the near-optimal Wiener filter parameters by simultaneously labeling sample categories at the pixel level. These parameters are compressed and transmitted to the decoder side to improve the quality of decoded images by reducing the coding artifacts. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves significant bitrate savings compared with high-efficiency video coding in high-bitrate intra coding scenario.
Musashi-2, a novel oncoprotein promoting cervical cancer cell growth and invasion, is negatively regulated by p53-induced miR-143 and miR-107 activation (2017)

These results suggest that MSI-2 plays a crucial role in promoting the aggressive phenotypes of CC cells, and restoration of miR-143/miR-107 by Mithramycin A via activation of p53 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for CC.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Based Tissue Engineering for Chondrogenesis (2011)

In tissue engineering fields, recent interest has been focused on stem cell therapy to replace or repair damaged or worn-out tissues due to congenital abnormalities, disease, or injury. In particular, the repair of articular cartilage degeneration by stem cell-based tissue engineering could be of enormous therapeutic and economic benefit for an aging population. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can induce chondrogenic differentiation would provide an appropriate cell source to repair damaged cartilage tissues; however, we must first understand the optimal environmental conditions for chondrogenic differentiation. In this review, we will focus on identifying the best combination of MSCs and functional extracellular matrices that provides the most successful chondrogenesis.
Endostatin Is an Independent Risk Factor of Graft Loss after Kidney Transplant (2020)

Increased serum endostatin at baseline is independently associated with the risk of graft loss in KTRs.
Saliency-Based Robust Correlation for Real-Time Face Registration and Verification (1998)

We propose a novel person verification system for real-time face identification. The main features of the system include accurate registration of face images using a robust form of correlation, a framework for global registration of a face database using a minimum spanning tree algorithm and a method for selecting a subset of features optimal for discrimination between clients and impostors. The results indicate that the image registration is of high accuracy and the feature selection is successfully improving on the verification performance.
Comprehensive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Isolation Methods (2013)

The use of flow cytometry has been critical in establishing methods to isolate and characterize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors. For more than 30 years, researchers have been uncovering novel markers that when used in combination significantly enhance the purification of HSCs from murine and human bone marrow. The complex interface between HSCs, the lymphohematopoietic system, and their niches, has made identification of HSC markers critical to understanding their biological nature, more so than other adult stem cell populations. Here we review the phenotypic markers and strategies used to purify HSCs, the appropriateness of using these markers for comparisons of HSC function at different stages of ontogeny, and their utility in defining the lineage bias in the HSC compartment.
Der Vorwurf missbräuchlichen Verhaltens im Insolvenzrecht (2020)

<span class="_lang_de">Die Figur des Rechtsmissbrauchs ist ein anerkanntes und notwendiges Korrektiv unserer kodifizierten Rechtsordnung. Nicht erst, aber vor allem seit den gesetzlichen Änderungen des ESUG taucht der Vorwurf missbräuchlichen Verhaltens immer häufiger auch im Insolvenzrecht auf. Unter Berücksichtigung der allgemeinen Grundsätze der Rechtsmissbrauchslehre untersucht die Arbeit den bislang im Zusammenhang mit dem Insolvenzverfahren erhobenen Missbrauchsvorwurf und widmet sich der grundsätzlichen Frage, inwieweit das Insolvenzverfahren überhaupt Gegenstand missbräuchlicher Rechtsausübung sein kann. Einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet darüber hinaus der mitunter als missbräuchlich empfundene strategische Einsatz der Sanierungsinstrumente der Insolvenzordnung. Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass die Annahme eines Rechtsmissbrauchs zwar grundsätzlich denkbar, der Vorwurf aber nur selten gerechtfertigt ist. Daher mahnt sie – auch mit Blick auf das zu erwartende vorinsolvenzliche Sanierungsverfahren – zu einem behutsameren Umgang.</span> <span class="_lang_en">»The Doctrine of Abuse of Rights in German Insolvency Law«<br /> <br /> The thesis analyses abusive behaviour with regard to insolvency proceedings. It focuses on the strategic use of the restructuring measures of the German Insolvency Code that partly has been regarded as an abuse of law. With recourse to the principles of the doctrine of abuse of rights, the thesis reveals that the invocation within insolvency proceedings is rarely justified and that the doctrine should be used more cautiously.</span>
Performance evaluation of receive-diversity free-space optical communications over corelated Gamma-Gamma fading channels (2013)

International audience