gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Dipole Interactions in Determining Polypeptide Configurations (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Role of Dipole Interactions in Determining Polypeptide ConfigurationsDavid A. Brant and P. J. FloryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3, 663–664Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01081a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01081a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Attenuation of cryocooler induced vibration in spaceborne infrared payloads (2014)

Recent advancement of operational responsive space programs calls for a development of compact, reliable, low power and vibration free cryogenic cooling for sophisticated infrared payloads. The refrigeration in a typical closed cycle split Stirling linear cryocooler is achieved by a cyclic compression and expansion of a gaseous working agent due to a synchronized reciprocation of electro-dynamically and pneumatically actuated compressor and expander pistons. Attenuation of the cryocooler induced vibration usually relies on the concept of actively assisted momentum cancellation. In a typical dual-piston compressor this objective is achieved by actively synchronizing the motion of oppositely moving piston assemblies; a typical single-piston expander may be counterbalanced by a motorized counter-balancer. The above approach produces complexity, weight, size, high incurred costs and affects reliability. The authors analyze the case of passive attenuation the vibration export induced by the split Stirling linear cryocooler comprised of inline mounted single-piston compressor and expander. Placement of all the moving components onto a common axis results in a single axis consolidation of vibration export and enables use of single tuned dynamic absorber and low frequency vibration mount. From theoretical analysis and full-scale testing, the performance of such vibration protection arrangement is similar to known systems of active vibration cancellation.
[Immunotherapy : a revolution in the management of urothelial bladder cancer ?] (2017)

The treatment of urothelial bladder cancer has changed very little in recent years, with high rates of disease recurrence and progression, even in low aggressive urothelial bladder cancer. Immunotherapy has already proven its effectiveness as a treatment for several types of cancer and has been used in high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for decades. Recent findings on immune checkpoints inhibitors have opened up a new chapter for treatment of bladder cancer, offering interesting therapeutic perspectives that could revolutionize the management.
Effects of Moranoline, 4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosylmoranoline and TheirN-Substituted Derivatives on Thermostability of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase, Glucoamylase, andβ-Amylase (1993)

In repeated glycosylmoranolines synthetic reaction at 55 degrees C, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGT-ase, EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus stearothermophilus retained its activity for more than 600 days. A main stabilizing compound was found to be 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline. The thermostabilizing activities of moranoline, 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylmoranoline, and their N-substituted derivatives were studied. Moranoline and its N-substituted derivatives stabilized glucoamylase. 4-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosylmoranoline and its N-substituted derivatives stabilized CGT-ase and beta-amylase.
Hyper-NA imaging of 45nm node random CH layouts using inverse lithography (2008)

The imaging of Contact Hole (CH) layouts is one of the most challenging tasks in hyper-NA lithography. Contact Hole layouts can be printed using different illumination conditions, but an illumination condition that provides good imaging at dense pitches (such as Quasar or Quadrupole illumination), will usually suffer from poor image contrast and Depth of Focus (DOF) towards the more isolated pitches. Assist Features (AF) can be used to improve the imaging of more isolated contact holes, but for a random CH layout, an AF placement rule would have to be developed for every CH configuration in the design. This makes optimal AF placement an almost impossible task for random layouts when using rule-based AF placement. We have used an inverse lithography technique by Mentor Graphics, to treat a random contact hole layout (drawn at minimal pitch 115nm) for imaging at NA 1.35. The combination of the dense 115nm pitch and available NA of 1.35 makes the use of Quasar illumination necessary, and the treatment of the clip with inverse lithography automatically generated optimal (model-based) AF for all geometries in the design. Because the inverse lithography solution consists of smooth shapes rather than rectangles, mask manufacturability becomes a concern. The algorithm allows simplification of the smooth shapes into rectangles and greatly improves mask write time. Wafer prints of clips treated with inverse lithography at NA 1.35 confirm the benefit of the assist features.
Stochastic Liouville Equations (1963)

When a dynamical system has a perturbation which is considered as a stochastic process, the Liouville equation for the system in the phase space or the space of quantum-mechanical density operators is a sort of stochastic equation. The ensemble average of its formal integral defines the relaxation operator Φ(t) of the system. By the definition Φ(t) = exp K(t), the cumulant function K(t) may be introduced. Some general properties are first discussed for a simple example of an oscillator with random frequency modulation and then, concepts of slow and fast modulation are considered. These concepts can be generalized to more general types of stochastic Liouville equations. It is shown that by various possibilities of defining generalized exponential functions, this approach may be useful to understand some essential features of the problem from an unified point of view.
Assessment of the use of sialogogues in the clinical management of patients with xerostomia (2006)

This study was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of pilocarpine, bethanechol and cevimeline in patients with xerostomia. In this open-label crossover assessment in 20 patients with xerostomia, a one- to two-week course of each medication with a one-week washout period was prescribed. Side effects, symptoms, whole stimulated and unstimulated saliva were measured. Each sialogogue was found to increase saliva and decrease symptoms. A mixed-effects analysis showed a greater increase in stimulated saliva on bethanechol compared to pilocarpine (0.106, p = 0.0272). Increased sweating was the most common side effect, experienced more frequently with pilocarpine as compared to bethanechol (p = 0.0588) or cevimeline (p = 0.0143). A carryover effect beyond the washout period was seen. Effects on saliva and side effects vary between sialogogues, suggesting a benefit of trials with different sialogogues to determine individual patient preference. The observed carryover effect suggests that intermittent treatment may be an alternative to continuous treatment with sialogogues.
Publisher's Note: “Step-wise excitation for the determination of the resonance frequency of a microparticle confined in a low pressure plasma” [Phys. Plasmas 28, 083502 (2021)] (2021)

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Detection of unlabeled particles in the low micrometer size range using light scattering and hydrodynamic 3D focusing in a microfluidic system (2012)

In this paper, we describe a microfluidic device composed of integrated microoptical elements and a two-layer microchannel structure for highly sensitive light scattering detection of micro/submicrometer-sized particles. In the two-layer microfluidic system, a sample flow stream is first constrained in the out-of-plane direction into a narrow sheet, and then focused in-plane into a small core region, obtaining on-chip three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing. All the microoptical elements, including waveguides, microlens, and fiber-to-waveguide couplers, and the in-plane focusing channels are fabricated in one SU-8 layer by standard photolithography. The channels for out-of-plane focusing are made in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer by a single cast using a SU-8 master. Numerical and experimental results indicate that the device can realize 3D hydrodynamic focusing reliably over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (0.5 < Re < 20). Polystyrene particles of three sizes (2, 1, and 0.5 μm) were measured in the microfluidic device with integrated optics, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach to detect particles in the low micrometer size range by light scattering detection.
The effect of stay in a maternity waiting home on perinatal mortality in rural Zimbabwe. (1995)

A hospital-based cohort study was carried out in a district hospital in Zimbabwe to evaluate the effect of a maternity waiting home on perinatal mortality. Information on antenatal risk factors, use of antenatal care, access to the hospital and stage of labour on arrival was collected for each woman delivering at the hospital during the period 1989-1991 (n = 6438). Women who stayed in the maternity waiting home had a lower risk of perinatal death compared to women who came directly from home to the hospital during labour. The crude relative risk of perinatal death for the women coming from home was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.6; P < 0.05). After adjusting for the effect of potential confounding variables, the relative risk decreased to 1.5 (95% CI 0.95-2.5, P = 0.07). However, when the analysis was restricted to women with antenatal risk factors there was a significant 50% reduction in the risk of perinatal death for the women who stayed at the maternity waiting home compared to women who came from home during labour (adjusted relative risk 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.4; P < 0.05). The use of maternity waiting homes has the potential to reduce perinatal mortality in rural areas with low geographic access to hospitals and merits further evaluation.
Legends to Supplementary Figures from Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Is Required for Murine Melanoma Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Legends to Supplementary Figures from Endogenous Retrovirus Expression Is Required for Murine Melanoma Tumor Growth &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Dynamic-range Enhancement of Heterodyne THz Imaging by the Use of a Soft Paraffin-wax Substrate Lens on the Detector (2019)

Imaging with terahertz (THz) radiation gains increasing interest, because it reaches better spatial resolution than imaging with microwaves, while it maintains the advantages of a non-ionizing character and the transparency of many materials. Coherent detection, which provides both intensity and phase information, plays a key role in many emerging THz imaging applications. However, in conventional heterodyne detection, usually a semi-transparent beam-combiner is employed to couple the object wave and the reference wave onto the same beam path in front of the detector chip. This results in a bulky detector system and considerable loss. In the measurement systems considered in our work, the waves are coupled to the detector element, a THz-sensitive field-effect transistor (TeraFET), through the detector chip's substrate to which a silicon substrate lens is attached. Coupling the reference radiation onto the TeraFET from the front side would allow to avoid the use of the beam-combiner. However, front-side coupling is inefficient because of the absence of a silicon substrate lens whose implementation to the chip's front side is prohibited by the presence of the detector's bonding wires. In this contribution, we introduce a novel lens-formation approach using paraffin wax with a low melting temperature. Dripping the liquid wax onto the detector allows to embed the bonding wires within the lens. The surface tension of the molten wax leads to a close-to-super-hemispherical shape of the droplet which is maintained upon solidification. Care has to be taken to correctly center the lens on the detector. Imaging results with a TeraFET without and with an integrated wax lens (of a diameter of 8 mm) in a Fourier imaging experiment show that the paraffin wax lens improves the coupling efficiency of the 300-GHz reference radiation by at least 6 dB. The dynamic range and the useful focal-plane area of the raw data are enhanced by the wax lens, with the consequence that the resolution of the reconstructed image is improved considerably.
Lactococcal Bacteriophages Require a Host Cell Wall Carbohydrate and a Plasma Membrane Protein for Adsorption and Ejection of DNA (1994)

The mechanism of the initial steps of bacteriophage infection in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2 was investigated by using phages c2, ml3, kh, l, h, 5, and 13. All seven phages adsorbed to the same sites on the host cell wall that are composed, in part, of rhamnose. This was suggested by rhamnose inhibition of phage adsorption to cells, competition between phage c2 and the other phages for adsorption to cells, and rhamnose inhibition of lysis of phage-inoculated cultures. The adsorption to the cell wall was found to be reversible upon dilution of the cell wall-adsorbed phage. In a reaction step that apparently follows adsorption to the cell wall, all seven phages adsorbed to a host membrane protein named PIP. This was indicated by the inability of all seven phages to infect a strain selected for resistance to phage c2 and known to have a defective PIP protein. All seven phages were inactivated in vitro by membranes from wild-type cells but not by membranes from the PIP-defective, phage c2-resistant strain. The mechanism of membrane inactivation was an irreversible adsorption of the phage to PIP, as indicated by adsorption of [S] methionine-labeled phage c2 to purified membranes from phage-sensitive cells but not to membranes from the resistant strain, elimination of adsorption by pretreatment of the membranes with proteinase K, and lack of dissociation of S from the membranes upon dilution. Following membrane adsorption, ejection of phage DNA occurred rapidly at 30 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. These results suggest that many lactococcal phages adsorb initially to the cell wall and subsequently to host cell membrane protein PIP, which leads to ejection of the phage genome.
Chitosan-Mediated and Spatially Selective Electrodeposition of Nanoscale Particles (2005)

Nanoscale particles offer a variety of interesting properties, and there is growing interest in their assembly into higher ordered structures. We report that the pH-responsive aminopolysaccharide chitosan can mediate the electrodeposition of model nanoparticles. Chitosan is known to electrodeposit at the cathode surface in response to a high localized pH. To demonstrate that chitosan can mediate nanoparticle deposition, we suspended fluorescently labeled latex nanoparticles (100 nm diameter spheres) in a chitosan solution (1%) and performed electrodeposition (0.05 mA/cm2 for several minutes). Results demonstrate that chitosan is required for nanoparticle electrodeposition; chitosan confers spatial selectivity to electrodeposition; and nanoparticles distribute throughout the electrodeposited chitosan film. Additionally, we observed that the deposited films reversibly swell upon rehydration. This work indicates that chitosan provides a simple means to assemble nanoparticles at addressable locations and provides further evidence that stimuli-responsive biological materials may facilitate fabrication at the microscale.
The Personal Router Whitepaper (2001)

We describe the Personal Router project, a program of research currently underway within the Advanced Network Architecture group at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.
Peptide binding specificity of major histocompatibility complex class I resolved into an array of apparently independent subspecificities: quantitation by peptide libraries and improved prediction of binding (1996)

Abstract Considerable interest has focused on understanding how major histocompatibility complex (MHC) specificity is generated and characterizing the specificity of MHC molecules with the ultimate goal being to predict peptide binding. We have used a strategy where all possible peptides of a particular size are distributed into positional scanning combinatorial peptide libraries (PSCPL) to develop a highly efficient, universal and unbiased approach to address MHC specificity. The PSCPL approach appeared qualitatively and quantitatively superior to other currently used strategies. The average effect of any amino acid in each position was quantitated, allowing a detailed description of extended peptide binding motifs including primary and secondary anchor residues. It also identified disfavored residues which were found to be surprisingly important in shaping MHC class I specificity. Assuming that MHC class I specificity is the result of largely independently acting subsites, the binding of unknown peptides could be predicted. Conversely, this argues that MHC class I specificities consist of an array of subspecificities acting in a combinatorial mode.
Deep dry etching techniques as a new IC compatible tool for silicon micromachining (2002)

Deep dry etching of single-crystal silicon with IC-compatible masking materials for microstructure fabrication is reported. Reactive ion etching using chlorine/fluorine gases and positive photoresist mask produces up to 30 mu m deep silicon steps with vertical sidewalls. Plasma etching with fluorine/oxygen gas mixtures shows rather isotropic etch behavior; however, high selectivities of 20, 85, and greater than 300 for photoresist, silicon dioxide, and aluminum masks, respectively, permit etch depths of up to several hundreds of microns. Since these dry etching techniques are reproducible and controllable they indicate favorable features for application in silicon micromachining. Several examples are described: bipolar-compatible accelerometers where dry etching and KOH etching are combined, free-standing thin film microstructures (out of aluminum or silicon dioxide) realized by isotropic etching of the substrate, and thin silicon membranes fabricated by plasma etching.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microstructure of precipitated Au nanoclusters in TiO2 (2004)

Gold nanoclusters dispersed in TiO2(110) single crystal have been formed by 2 MeV Au2+ implantation to an ion fluence of 6.0×1016 cm−2 at 300 and 975 K followed by annealing at 1275 K for 10 h. The morphological features, size, crystallographic orientation of the Au nanoclusters with respect to the TiO2 matrix, and the interface structure between the Au nanoclusters and TiO2 have been investigated using conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), electron diffractions, and high angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging in an aberration corrected scanning TEM (STEM). STEM-HAADF image directly reveals that Au atoms are in the substitutional Ti atomic columns in the TiO2 lattice prior to nucleation of Au cluster. An Atomic structural model of the interface between Au and TiO2 was established based on HRTEM and image simulations. The precipitated Au clusters show typical (111) twins. Au clusters are faceted along Au{112}, Au{111}, and Au{220} planes. Two types of orientation relationship can be identified, Au〈110〉//TiO2[001] and Au{111}//TiO2(200), and Au〈110〉//TiO2[001] and Au{111}//TiO2(110). These orientation relationships as well as the {111} twining feature in Au clusters are similarly observed for Au clusters grown on stoichiometric TiO2(110) free surface, indicating that the presently established orientation corresponds to the lowest interfacial energy for Au contacted with TiO2. This is essential for understanding the catalytic properties of Au supported on TiO2.
Magnon-mediated superconductivity on the surface of a topological insulator (2020)

We study superconductivity on the surface of a topological insulator, mediated by magnetic fluctuations in an adjacent ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic insulator. Superconductivity can arise from effective interactions between helical fermions induced by interfacial fermion-magnon interactions. For both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic insulators, these fermion-fermion interactions have the correct structure to facilitate pairing between particles located on the same side of the Fermi surface, also known as Amperean pairing. In antiferromagnets, the strength of the induced interactions can be enhanced by coupling the topological insulator asymmetrically to the two sublattices of the antiferromagnet. This effect is further amplified by next-nearest-neighbor frustration in the antiferromagnetic insulator. The enhancement makes the induced interactions significantly stronger in the antiferromagnetic case compared to the ferromagnetic case. These results indicate that an uncompensated antiferromagnetic interface might be a better candidate than a ferromagnetic interface for proximity-induced magnon-mediated superconductivity on the surface of a topological insulator.
Biomarker-Based Signature of Alzheimer’s Disease in Pre-MCI Individuals (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology begins decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. It is recognized as a clinicobiological entity, being detectable in vivo independently of the clinical stage by means of pathophysiological biomarkers. Accordingly, neuropathological studies that were carried out on healthy elderly subjects, with or without subjective experience of cognitive decline, reported evidence of AD pathology in a high proportion of cases. At present, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents the only clinically diagnosed pre-dementia stage. Several attempts have been carried out to detect AD as early as possible, when subtle cognitive alterations, still not fulfilling MCI criteria, appear. Importantly, pre-MCI individuals showing the positivity of pathophysiological AD biomarkers show a risk of progression similar to MCI patients. In view of successful treatment with disease modifying agents, in a clinical setting, a timely diagnosis is mandatory. In clinical routine, biomarkers assessment should be taken into consideration whenever a subject with subtle cognitive deficits (pre-MCI), who is aware of his/her decline, requests to know the cause of such disturbances. In this review, we report the available neuropsychological and biomarkers data that characterize the pre-MCI patients, thus proposing pre-MCI as the first clinical manifestation of AD.
Characteristics and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients without traditional risk factors: an RE-LY AF registry analysis (2019)

Almost all patients without traditionally defined AF risk factors have less-established or borderline risk factors. These patients have a favourable 1-year prognosis, but risk of AF-related re-hospitalization remains high. Greater emphasis should be placed on recognition and management of less-established or borderline risk factors.