gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Occurrence, Syntheses, and Applications of Cyclopropyl‐Group‐Containing α‐Amino Acids. Part 1. 1‐Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid and Other 2,3‐Methanoamino Acids (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Study by dynamic light scattering of the formation mechanism of self-assembly mesostructured polymers precursor for ordered mesoporous carbons : influence of the mixing temperature of tension-actif and carbon precursors solutions (2008)

Congrès du 08 au 11 septembre 2008
Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Saharan salt lake (2008)

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from a salt-crust sample collected from Gharsa salt lake (Chott el Gharsa), Tunisia. The newly isolated bacterium, designated SA-Vb1(T), was identified based on polyphasic taxonomy including genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. Strain SA-Vb1(T) was closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus marismortui and Virgibacillus olivae, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.7 and 99.4 %, respectively. However, strain SA-Vb1(T) was distinguished from these two type strains on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness (29.4 and 5.1 %, respectively). The genetic relationship between strain SA-Vb1(T) and Virgibacillus pantothenticus IAM 11061(T) (the type strain of the type species) and other type strains of the genus was 96-98 % based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 18.3-22.3 % based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Biochemical analysis resulted in determination of major fatty acids iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) (33.3, 29.2 and 9.8 %, respectively); phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the main polar lipids and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone ( approximately 100 %). The distinct characteristics demonstrated by strain SA-Vb1(T) represent properties of a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA-Vb1(T) (=JCM 12946(T) =DSM 18441(T)).
The Effect of Processing on the Electrical Properties of Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelet/Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Films (2015)

The potential for engineering/tailoring properties, specifically electrical properties, of polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite films is examined by comprehensively studying process-structure-property relationships. This work focuses on investigating the effect of composite processing methods and conditions on the electrical response of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) / PLA films. GNP are incorporated into the PLA matrix either via polymer dissolution / solution casting or via melt compounding and fiber melt spinning / compression molding to produce films of ~160 μm thickness. In order to investigate the effect of polymer crystallinity on the electrical response of the films, the melt compounded / compression molded films are either cooled rapidly (~16°C/min and denoted fast cooled or FC) or cooled slowly (~0.4°C/min and denoted slow cooled or SC) to alter the matrix crystallinity. Crystallinity and crystal structure of the composite films are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties are examined in tensile mode using a standard tension setup. Electrical properties of the films are examined using impedance spectroscopy (IS). The SC films percolated between 1 and 5wt% of GNP, followed by the solution cast films which percolated between 5 and 8wt% of GNP, and finally the FC films had the highest percolation between 12 and 15wt% of GNP. Furthermore, the percolation of the solution cast films can be lowered to below 5wt% of GNP by minimizing voids present in the films which can be done via compression. The differences in percolation can be attributed to differences in compounding technique and the polymer matrix crystallinity.
“Paddle-Wheel” Tris(cyclopentadienyl)tin(II) and -lead(II) Complexes:  Syntheses, Structures, and Model MO Calculations (1997)

Nucleophilic addition reactions of cyclopentadienide anions (Cp-) to bis(cyclopentadienyl)tin(II) and -lead(II) produces complexes containing “paddle-wheel” [(η5-Cp)3E]- (Cp = C5H5; E = Sn, Pb) anions. Thus, the heavy main-group metals act as Lewis acids rather than as bases. The syntheses and X-ray structures of four such complexes, [(η5-Cp)2Sn(μ-Cp)NaPMDETA] (1; PMDETA = [(CH3)2NCH2CH2]2NCH3), [Mg(THF)6]2+[(η3-Cp)3Sn-]2 (2), [(η5-Cp)2Pb(μ-Cp)NaPMDETA] (3), and [Mg(THF)6]2+[(η3-Cp)3Pb-]2 (4), are reported. The monomeric complexes 1 and 3 are essentially isostructural and contain trigonal-planar (η5-Cp)3E units linked, through bridging μ-η5-Cp ligands, to NaPMDETA+ cations in their molecular structures. Ab initio MO calculations have been used to probe the structures and charge distributions of the [(η5-Cp)3E]- anions in these complexes. These show that the natures of the species are highly dependent on the extent of alkali- or alkaline-earth-metal cation solvation. Thus, whereas unsolvated [(η5-Cp)2E(μ-Cp)Na] (E = Sn, Pb) are loose-contact complexes of [Cp2E] and [CpNa], [(η3-Cp)3E]- species are best formulated as triorganometal anions. Solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) 119Sn and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies are in broad agreement with the model ab initio calculations and illustrate that in [(η5-Cp)2Sn(μ-Cp)NaPMDETA], in which partial solvation of the Na+ coordination sphere occurs, the electronic situation approaches that in [Cp2Sn].
Predictive Controller Design for SISO Systems (1985)

This paper presents a fundamental analysis of the stability of single-input/single-output closed-loop systems with predictive controllers. The analysis can incorporate modeling errors and be used to calculate allowable modeling errors for a given system and controller. Design parameter selection guidelines for predictive controllers in SISO systems have been developed by considering performance, robustness, and ease of tuning. The performance and robustness of the resulting controllers are demonstrated on four numerical examples and compared to controllers designed using other parameter choices.
Fractional Fourier transforms and their optical implementation: I (1993)

Fourier transforms of fractional order a are defined in a manner such that the common Fourier transform is a special case with order a = 1. An optical interpretation is provided in terms of quadratic graded index media and discussed from both wave and ray viewpoints. Several mathematical properties are derived.
Ionic reorientations and phase transition in solid IF6AsF6 (1988)

19 F static and rotating frame spin–lattice relaxation times (T 1 and T 1ρ ) as well as broadline NMR studies have been carried out on solid IF 6 AsF 6 between 213 and 393 K. From the T 1 – and T 1ρ –temperature behaviour, we inferred a phase transition at 350(± 2) K and a supercooled high temperature phase. In both phases the second moments are consistent with a model where both IF 6 + and AsF 6 − reorient about random axes. The T 1 and T 1ρ data in the low temperature phase can be interpreted in terms of a single frequency factor τ 0 = 3.15(± 0.2) × 10 −16 s and activation energy E a = 10.4(± 0.4) kcal/mol for both cation and anion reorientation. At the temperature of the phase transition the ionic-reorientational frequencies become faster by ~ 2 orders of magnitude. In the high temperature phase T 1 and T 1ρ are essentially independent of temperature which may be associated with a spin–rotation relaxation mechanism.
Complex-Mediated Synthesis of Tantalum Oxyfluoride Hierarchical Nanostructures for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2016)

In this work, we have, for the first time, developed a facile wet-chemical route to obtain a novel photocatalytic material of tantalum oxyfluoride hierarchical nanostructures composed of amorphous cores and single crystalline TaO2F nanorod shells (ACHNs) by regulating the one-step hydrothermal process of TaF5 in a mixed solution of isopropanol (i-PrOH) and H2O. In this approach, elaborately controlling the reaction temperature and volume ratio of i-PrOH and H2O enabled TaF5 to transform into intermediate coordination complex ions of [TaOF3·2F](2-) and [TaF7](2-), which subsequently produced tantalum oxyfluoride ACHNs via a secondary nucleation and growth due to a stepwise change in hydrolysis rates of the two complex ions. Because of the unique chemical composition, crystal structure and micromorphology, the as-prepared tantalum oxyfluoride ACHNs show a more negative flat band potential, an accelerated charge transfer, and a remarkable surface area of 152.4 m(2) g(-1) contributing to increased surface reaction sites. As a result, they exhibit a photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production up to 1.95 mmol h(-1) g(-1) under the illumination of a simulated solar light without any assistance of co-catalysts, indicating that the as-prepared tantalum oxyfluoride ACHNs are a novel promising photocatalytic material for hydrogen production.
Synthesis, Properties, and Fuel Cell Performance of Perfluorosulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s (2010)

Abstract Poly(arylene ether)s containing superacid groups (FSPEs) were synthesized as proton conducting membranes for fuel cell applications. To obtain the title ionomers, a series of brominated poly(arylene ether)s were synthesized and perfluorosulfonated via Ullmann coupling. The chemical structure and the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the FSPEs were characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectra. Tough, flexible, and transparent membranes with the IEC ranging from 0.34 to 1.29 mequiv g−1 were obtained by solution casting. The FSPE membranes did not show obvious glass transition behavior up to the decomposition temperature (180 °C). Microscopic analyses revealed homogeneous and well-connected ionic clusters for the high IEC membrane. Compared to conventional sulfonated poly(arylene ether) membranes, the FSPE membranes showed much higher proton conductivity. The highest proton conductivity of 0.07 S cm−1 was achieved at 80 °C and 86% relative humidity (RH) with the IEC = 1.29 mequiv g−1 membrane. A fuel cell using the FSPE membrane showed comparable performance to that of a Nafion cell at 78% RH and 80 °C.
Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C Contributes to Survival of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in Human Blood and Neutrophils (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that employs a large repertoire of secreted virulence factors to promote disease pathogenesis. Many strains of S. aureus possess a plc gene that encodes a phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) capable of hydrolyzing PI and cleaving glycosyl-PI (GPI)-linked proteins from cell surfaces. Despite being secreted by virulent staphylococci, the contribution of PI-PLC to the capacity of S. aureus to cause disease remains undefined. Our goal in these studies was to understand PI-PLC in the context of S. aureus biology. Among a collection of genetically diverse clinical isolates of S. aureus, community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) USA300 secreted the most PI-PLC. Screening a collection of two-component system (TCS) mutants of S. aureus, we identified both the agr quorum-sensing system and the SrrAB TCS to be positive regulators of plc gene expression. Real-time PCR and PI-PLC enzyme assays of the TCS mutants, coupled with SrrA promoter binding studies, demonstrated that SrrAB was the predominant transcriptional activator of plc. Furthermore, plc regulation was linked to oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo in a SrrAB-dependent manner. A Δplc mutant in a CA-MRSA USA300 background exhibited a survival defect in human whole blood and in isolated neutrophils. However, the same mutant strain displayed no survival defect in murine models of infection or murine whole blood. Overall, these data identify potential links between bacterial responses to the host innate immune system and to oxidative stress and suggest how PI-PLC could contribute to the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections.
Gas-phase interactions of lithium ions and dipeptides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase interactions of lithium ions and dipeptidesRichard P. Grese and Michael L. GrossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5098–5104Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (894 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A new method for evaluation of LTE MIMO antennas in automotive application (2017)

For the LTE standard using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio-access technology, there is a high challenge to evaluate car antennas appropriately, taking into account the antenna environment formed by the car body in the MIMO channel. New statistical methods are required on base of the propagation properties of antennas which are integrated close to each other in a reflecting and refracting environment. In this contribution we present an evaluation method of LTE-car antennas, which enables the analysis of virtual drives. The test drives are performed via simulation of driving paths in urban or rural environments with ray-tracing, while the description of the receiving part is given via the complete information of the complex antenna characteristics of the coupled antennas which are measured on a real car. An example with two realized antenna modules is analyzed by this method and the results are compared to results from real drives.
Body Iron Stores and Heme-Iron Intake in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2012)

The meta-analysis and systematic review suggest that increased ferritin levels and heme-iron intake are both associated with higher risk of T2D.
Challenges and Solutions for Vision-based Sense and Avoid (2015)

This paper focuses on sensing algorithms for vision-based non cooperative sense and avoid. Obstacle detection and tracking is based first on morphological filtering and local image analysis (detection), then on multi-frame processing in stabilized coordinates (tentative tracking), and finally on template matching and Kalman filtering-based state estimation (firm tracking). A conflict detection logic is introduced which uses an adaptive line-of-sight rate threshold based on the functional dependencies of the distance at closest point of approach in near collision conditions. The derived threshold takes into account ownship motion and estimated intruder azimuth, while assumptions are made regarding detection performance of the electro-optical system and intruder speed. The developed techniques have been tested using flight data gathered in a sense and avoid research project carried out by the Italian Aerospace Research Center and the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Naples “Federico II”. Achieved experimental results are promising and are discussed focusing on algorithm tuning and system performance in terms of probability of intruder declaration as a function of range, false alarm rate, tracking accuracy, and reliability of vision-based conflict detection.
Gene expression during involution of mammary gland (review). (1998)

After cessation of lactation, the mammary gland undergoes involution, regressing to a state resembling that of a virgin animal. This phase of mammary gland development is characterized by epithelial cell death and tissue remodeling. To understand molecular mechanisms of mammary gland involution, we identified involution-induced clones by differential screening of a mouse mammary gland cDNA library. Several known genes were induced during mammary gland involution: sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2), WDNM1, lactoferrin, ferritin heavy chain (FHC), lysozyme and osteopontin genes. Involution of the mammary gland is presumed to be mediated by a decrease in serum prolactin level induced by weaning, but may also involve changes in paracrine or autocrine growth factors. Effects of lactogenic hormones and EGF on the expression of the involution-induced genes were examined in mammary epithelial cells. Insulin, dexamethasone, and prolactin did not influence the expression of the FHC, WDNM1 and SGP-2 genes. However, EGF strongly inhibited the expression of WDNM1 and SGP-2 genes. Our recent results are reviewed and discussed.
Quantitative Analysis of Damage in PBX 9501 Subjected to a Linear Thermal Gradient (2015)

We have conducted a series of experiments in which a cylinder of PBX 9501 is placed in a specially designed fixture with, each end fixed at a different temperature. This arrangement sets up a thermal gradient in the explosive that is carefully controlled and maintained for a specified amount of time. This configuration has a number of advantages over thermally damaging separate pieces at a series of different temperatures, the principal one being that damage in this experiment is a continuous function of position. This makes analysis and distinction of regions easier and more straightforward. For the experiments reported in this paper, the explosive samples have been subjected to a series of different analysis techniques. We have used polarized light microscopy, physical adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, and small angle neutron and x-ray scattering in an attempt to characterize the particle morphology, porosity distribution, crack and void formation, and chemical state as a function of thermal treatment. While not all of the efforts were informative, the data clearly show trends and form a basis for understanding the effects of thermal damage on explosive behavior.
Evaluation of Total Isocyanate-in-Air Method Using l-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazine and HPLC (1984)

The United Kingdom Health and Safety Commission has set a 'common control limit' for workplace exposure to all isocyanates. This limit replaces the previous United Kingdom threshold limit values, which were set for just four species of monomeric isocyanate compounds. This new control limit is set at 20 micrograms of isocyanate group per cubic meter of air expressed as an eight-hour weighted average, and 70 micrograms of isocyanate group per cubic meter of air as a 10-minute weighted average. These new control limits make it necessary that analytical methods should be capable of measuring total isocyanate concentration, including monomers and prepolymers. A previously available method for determining isocyanate monomers using 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been modified to measure both monomer and prepolymer. A dual detection system employing electrochemical and ultra-violet detectors is used to identify isocyanate-derived HPLC peaks which are then quantified by reference to a monomer standard, thus avoiding the necessity of isolating prepolymer standards. The total isocyanate-in-air concentration is then calculated from the total area of the isocyanate-derived HPLC peaks. The precision of the method is better than 10% over the range 35 to 140 micrograms(NCO)/m3 for a 10 min sample.
Large photoinduced birefringence in an optically nonlinear polyester polymer (1991)

A nonlinear optical polyester with disperse red side groups exhibited a stable photoinduced birefringence, from 0.14 at 850 nm to 0.21 at 633 nm, after exposure to linearly polarized short-wavelength visible or ultraviolet light. Thin-film wave plates, birefringent diffraction gratings and waveguides were written in this polymer using photoexposure. Thin- film wave plates of &amp;lt;1 μm thickness showed ≳π/4 phase delay and good temporal stability. A 9:1 diffraction efficiency ratio of the two polarization eigenmodes was measured from thin birefringent gratings. This ratio is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction obtained using a simple three-level model.
A Formal-Methods Approach to Provide Evidence in Automated-Driving Safety Cases (2022)

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads. This persuasion is typically facilitated by compiling the arguments and the compelling evidence into a safety case. Reviews and testing, two common approaches to ensure correctness of automotive systems cannot explore the typically infinite set of possible behaviours. In contrast, formal methods are exhaustive methods that can provide mathematical proofs of correctness of models, and they can be used to prove that formalizations of functional safety requirements are fulfilled by formal models of system components. This paper shows how formal methods can provide evidence for the correct break-down of the functional safety requirements onto the components that are part of feedback loops, and how this evidence fits into the argument of the safety case. If a proof is obtained, the formal models are used as requirements on the components. This structure of the safety argumentation can be used to alleviate the need for reviews and tests to ensure that the break-down is correct, thereby saving effort both in data collection and verification time.
Chat, Anyone? [President's Message] (2023)

Let's talk about the elephant in the room. ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLM) along with their AI cousins focused on images, graphics, math, coding, and audio are dominating our world of generating reports and manuscripts. They can be immensely fun: I asked ChatGPT to write me song lyrics about fuzzy logic in various genres. I wasn't crazy about the folk song, but I really liked ChatGPT's blues lyrics and its bluegrass rendition. And who hasn't chuckled over clever images synthesized by DALL-E? However, these are serious applications with huge potential. Can we get too much of a good thing? We are experiencing, if not the peak, at least the wave of hype, both positive and negative. Many people, including many IEEE members, have signed a letter calling for a six-month “AI Pause”, worried about the potential for moral and ethical misuse of AI. I didn't sign the letter for several reasons, but it is important to have these conversations to focus on what and how to regulate, as well as our own personal interaction with AI programs.