gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Structure and Working Memory Adaptations Associated with Maturation and Aging in Mice (2023)

Introduction As the population skews toward older age, elucidating mechanisms underlying human brain aging becomes imperative. Structural MRI has facilitated non-invasive investigation of lifespan brain morphology changes, yet this domain remains uncharacterized in rodents despite increasing use as models of disordered human brain aging. Methods Young (2m, n=10), middle-age (10m, n=10) and old (22m, n=9) mice were utilized for maturational (young vs. middle-age) and aging-related (middle-age vs. old mice) comparisons. Regional brain volume was averaged across hemispheres and reduced to 32 brain regions. Pairwise group differences in regional volume, residualized for total brain volume, and associations between volume and cognitive performance on the Y-maze task were tested. General linear models with total brain volume as a covariate, and logistic regression for sample wide associations were employed respectively, correcting for multiple comparisons. Structural covariance networks were generated using the R package ‘igraph’. Group differences in network centrality (degree), integration (mean distance), and segregation (transitivity, modularity) were tested across network densities (5–40%), using 5,000 (1,000 for degree) permutations with significance criteria of p&lt;0.05 at ≥5 consecutive density thresholds. Results Widespread significant maturational changes in volume occurred in 18 brain regions, including considerable loss in isocortex regions and increases in brainstem regions and white matter tracts. The aging-related comparison yielded 6 significant changes in brain volume, including further loss in isocortex regions and increases in white matter tracts. No significant volume changes were observed across either comparison for subcortical regions. Additionally, smaller volume of the anterior cingulate area (χ 2 =2.325, p bh =0.044) and larger volume of the hippocampal formation (χ 2 =-2.180, p bh =0.044) were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Maturational network comparisons yielded significant degree changes in 9 regions, but no aging related changes, aligning with network stabilization trends in humans. Maturational decline in modularity occurred (24-29% density), mirroring human trends of decreased segregation in young adulthood, while mean distance and transitivity remained stable. Conclusions/Implications These findings offer a foundational account of age effects on brain volume, structural brain networks, and cognition in mice, informing future work in facilitating translation between rodent models and human brain aging.
Intrusion Detection Systems for Mitigating SQL Injection Attacks (2020)

Databases are widely used by organizations to store business-critical information, which makes them one of the most attractive targets for security attacks. SQL Injection is the most common attack to webpages with dynamic content. To mitigate it, organizations use Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as part of the security infrastructure, to detect this type of attack. However, the authors observe a gap between the comprehensive state-of-the-art in detecting SQL Injection attacks and the state-of-practice regarding existing tools capable of detecting such attacks. The majority of IDS implementations provide little or no protection against SQL Injection attacks, with exceptions like the tools Bro and ModSecurity. In this article, the authors compare these tools using the CSIC dataset in order to examine the state-of-practice in database protection from SQL Injection attacks, identifying the main characteristics and implementation details needed for IDSs to successfully detect such attacks. The experiments indicate that signature-based IDS provide the greatest coverage against SQL Injection.
Past, present, and future efforts to enhance the efficacy of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation (2019)

Cord blood (CB) has been used as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in over 35,000 clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) efforts to treat the same variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders treated by bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using HLA-matched or partially HLA-disparate related or unrelated donor cells for adult and children recipients. This review documents the beginning of this clinical effort that started in the 1980's, the pros and cons of CB HCT compared to BM and mPB HCT, and recent experimental and clinical efforts to enhance the efficacy of CB HCT. These efforts include means for increasing HSC numbers in single CB collections, expanding functional HSCs <i>ex vivo</i>, and improving CB HSC homing and engraftment, all with the goal of clinical translation. Concluding remarks highlight the need for phase I/II clinical trials to test the experimental procedures that are described, either alone or in combination.
Using Vanishing Points To Correct Camera Rotation In Images (2005)

Vanishing points provide valuable information regarding the camera model used to capture an image. To explore the relationship between classes of camera models and the location of vanishing points, typical consumer photographic behavior is considered. Based on these findings, an algorithm is presented that can automatically remove the tilted appearance of an image captured with a camera rotated about the principal axis. The algorithm includes detecting vanishing points in an image, determining if any vanishing points are associated with vertical lines in the scene, computing the angle of rotation, and rotating the image. Results of the algorithm are shown for a set of images. The algorithm performs well and produces pleasing images from original images that contain undesirable levels of tilt.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROPENSITY FOR CROSS-BORDER TRADE (2001)

We estimate a simultaneous bivariate qualitative choice model of Arizona agribusiness firms propensity to trade and visit as a tourist with the cross-border state of Sonora, Mexico. The trade equation is estimated as an ordered probit model with responses of: 1) a firm has not ever traded or investigated doing any trading activities with Sonora, 2) the firm has not done any trade with Sonora but they have investigated doing business in this cross-border state, and 3) the firm has traded with Sonora, either directly or through a second handler like a broker. A proprietors propensity to visit Sonora as a tourist is modeled from the binary response of whether the individual has ever visited Sonora as a tourist or not. Simultaneity arises since both trade and tourist visits are hypothesized to influence one another. Results indicate that tourist visits have a greater influence on whether firms trade than traditional variables considered like firm age and size. Venture business visits, quantified through the tourism equation, were also found to have a greater impact on an agribusiness firm's propensity to trade than traditional variables. Our results suggest that communities seeking to develop and expand cross-border trading activities should target entrepreneurs with an exploratory and venture spirit first. Then, target firms that are fairly established (over 15 years in age) and desire to diversity their production risk through multiple geographic production regions. Firm size and foreign language fluency of the agribusiness owner were found to be less significant than tourist visits, venture business visits, and firm age.
Superconducting NbTiN thin films for superconducting radio frequency accelerator cavity applications (2016)

Current superconducting radio frequency technology, used in various particle accelerator facilities across the world, is reliant upon bulk niobium superconducting cavities. Due to technological advancements in the processing of bulk Nb cavities, the facilities have reached accelerating fields very close to a material-dependent limit, which is close to 50 MV/m for bulk Nb. One possible solution to improve upon this fundamental limitation was proposed a few years ago by Gurevich [Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 012511 (2006)], consisting of the deposition of alternating thin layers of superconducting and insulating materials on the interior surface of the cavities. The use of type-II superconductors with Tc &amp;gt; TcNb and Hc &amp;gt; HcNb, (e.g., Nb3Sn, NbN, or NbTiN) could potentially greatly reduce the surface resistance (Rs) and enhance the accelerating field, if the onset of vortex penetration is increased above HcNb, thus enabling higher field gradients. Although Nb3Sn may prove superior, it is not clear that it can be grown as a suitable thin film for the proposed multilayer approach, since very high temperature is typically required for its growth, hindering achieving smooth interfaces and/or surfaces. On the other hand, since NbTiN has a smaller lower critical field (Hc1) and higher critical temperature (Tc) than Nb and increased conductivity compared to NbN, it is a promising candidate material for this new scheme. Here, the authors present experimental results correlating film microstructure with superconducting properties on NbTiN thin film coupon samples while also comparing films grown with targets of different stoichiometry. It is worth mentioning that the authors have achieved thin films with bulk-like lattice parameter and transition temperature while also achieving Hc1 values larger than bulk for films thinner than their London penetration depths.
Visual storytelling (2013)

You offer your product in a very competitive environment where potential users can choose among many existing solutions. In order to get chosen by potential users you have to somehow get noticed and stand out from the other available solutions. Therefore you want to touch your potential users on a personal level so that they will have an emotional connection to your product. If they become emotionally connected, potential users will then hopefully choose your product instead of others. Possible solution is using the Visual Storytelling "pattern".
Robustní odhady a testy v modelech poissonovské regrese (2021)

Tato práce se zabývá robustním odhadováním a testováním v modelech poissonovské regrese. Největší pozornost je zde věnována nově zavedenému zobecněnému mediánovému odhadu. Po jeho definici a představení několika existujících metod odhadu je v rámci teoretické části práce odvozeno asymptotické rozdělení zobecněného mediánového odhadu. Dále je navržena na něm založená testovací statistika Waldova typu pro testy hypotéz o parametrech modelu a je odvozeno její asymptotické rozdělení. V simulační části práce je provedeno několik simulací, které ověřují odvozené teoretické výsledky a porovnávají vlastnosti nového odhadu při testování hypotéz s již existujícími metodami odhadu. Ukazuje se, že námi zavedený odhad jim dokáže konkurovat a v některých případech dokáže být dokonce lepší. V rámci této práce je tedy odvozena potřebná teorie pro využití zobecněného mediánového odhadu a provedené simulace ukazují, že lze tento odhad použít v praxi.
Comparative Genomics and Characterization of Hybrid Shigatoxigenic and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Strains (2015)

This study shows that pathogroup-associated virulence genes of different E. coli can co-exist in strains originating from different phylogenetic lineages. The possibility of virulence genes to be associated with several E. coli pathogroups should be taken into account in strain typing and in epidemiological surveillance. Development of novel hybrid E. coli strains may cause a new public health risk, which challenges the traditional diagnostics of E. coli infections.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis. (2011)

The western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis is an important model for vertebrate development that combines experimental advantages of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis with more tractable genetics. Here we present a draft genome sequence assembly of X. tropicalis. This genome encodes more than 20,000 protein-coding genes, including orthologs of at least 1700 human disease genes. Over 1 million expressed sequence tags validated the annotation. More than one-third of the genome consists of transposable elements, with unusually prevalent DNA transposons. Like that of other tetrapods, the genome of X. tropicalis contains gene deserts enriched for conserved noncoding elements. The genome exhibits substantial shared synteny with human and chicken over major parts of large chromosomes, broken by lineage-specific chromosome fusions and fissions, mainly in the mammalian lineage. PMID: 20431018 Funding information This work was supported by: NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD046661-03 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HHSN261200800001E NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM060572-05 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R24 AI059830 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 MH079381-02 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD045776-05 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD045776 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R24 AI059830-08 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY018000-03 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 EY018000 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P41 HD064556-02 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM086321-03 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM060572 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 DK070858-05 Intramural NIH HHS, United States NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U01 HG02155 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM086321 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_U117560482 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD042294 NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R24 RR015088 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 MH079381 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R21 HD065713 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P41 HD064556-01 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD042294-05 NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R24 RR015088-03 NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U01 HG002155 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P41 HD064556 NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U01 HG002155-05 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 DK070858 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI027877 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI027877-20 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
A Q-Band/W-Band Dual-Band Power Amplifier in 0.12 µm SiGe BiCMOS Process (2013)

A three-stage dual-band power amplifier is demonstrated in 0.12 um silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process at both Q-band and W-band. The first two stages are pseudo-differential pre-amplifiers with a high-impedance dual-band load. The final stage is a single-ended power amplifier with an appropriate impedance to produce output power. The collector-emitter junction breakdown voltage of the amplifier is extended with a low-impedance base current biasing network. The amplifier achieves a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 15% with 14 dBm maximum saturated power (Psat) at 43 GHz and 9 dBm Psat at 82 GHz. The effective chip area is 1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including input and output RF GSG pads.
The role of calprotectin, an apoptosis-inducing factor of neutrophils on inflammatory reactions (1998)

Calprotectin, also called MRP 8/MRP 14, is a complex of calcium binding proteins which belong to S-100 protein family. Calprotectin is selectively present in myeloid cells, namely, neutrophils or macrophages. It is especially abundant in cytosol of the former cell type. It has been observed that protein complex highly increases in extracellular fluids of patients with many inflammatory diseases. We recently elucidated that calprotectin induced apoptosis of tumor cell lines as well as normal fibroblasts, suggesting that the factor modulates inflammatory reaction through the effect on survival or growth states of fibroblasts or other cell types. It is also possible that high amount of calprotectin in inflammatory sites may cause tissue destruction. Several authors also reported the extracellular functions of the factor, including anti fungal activity, chemotactic activity and activity modifying leucocyte functions. The reports accumulated recently, together with ours, raise the possibility that calprotectin may be not only an useful marker but also an important mediator in inflammatory reactions.
Damage formation and characterization with scanning photoemission spectromicroscopy (2011)

Scanning photoemission spectromicroscopy is a powerful tool for the chemical characterization of materials based on third generation synchrotron light sources. Due to the X-ray focalization properties it represents also an extremely bright source of radiation ideal for the investigation of radiation effects on matter. Despite the experiments involving inorganic materials, such as oxides, lead in the last decade have already shed light on the potentials of this techniques to perform lateral resolved chemical analysis, still there is a lack of information concerning the possibilities to measure organic compounds. This paper reports on the investigation of inorganic (Rh oxide thin films) and organic (polymers) samples performed with the scanning photoemission microscope hosted at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory. Results show that the typical photon densities in the focused spot of the microscope allow the investigation of the oxide films but produce an immediate damaging of the polymeric film.
Perylene and Perylene-Derivative Nano-Cocrystals: Preparation and Physicochemical Property (2012)

Organic nano-cocrystals of functional dyes of perylene and a perylene derivative were successfully prepared by the reprecipitation method. The particle sizes, optical properties, and powder X-ray diffraction patterns of nano-cocrystals were evaluated. Typically, the size with size distribution of nano-cocrystals was 55±15 nm when the molar ratio of perylene to the perylene derivative was 50:50. The particular intermolecular electronic interaction between perylene and the perylene derivative in the nano-cocrystal state was observed by absorption and fluorescence spectra measurements. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern analysis confirmed that the structure of nano-cocrystals was different from those prepared from perylene and the perylene derivative. The nano-cocrystal having unique physicochemical properties will be potentially classified as a new type of functional nanomaterial.
Ultrastructural localization of dipicolinic acid in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis by immunoelectron microscopy with colloidal gold particles (1985)

The localization of dipicolinic acid in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis was examined by an immunoelectron microscopy method with colloidal gold-immunoglobulin G complex. The colloidal gold particles were distributed mainly in the core regions of dormant spores and were not observed in those of germinated or autoclaved spores. This result clearly demonstrates that dipicolinic acid is localized in the cores of dormant spores.
Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Ions-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/Titania (2006)

In this paper a series of silver ions-substituted hydroxyapatites (HA) were prepared. The antibacterial activities of these materials on textiles against bacteria have been investigated. Titania (TiO2) was selectively added into the materials to decrease the silver-ions concentration to get the same active antimicrobial effects. The microstructure, the shape and size, concentration of silver, and the groups of the composite materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that there was a dose dependent-effect of silver-ions concentration from the disk diffusion test. The higher the silver-ions concentration, the better the antibacterial activity of the composite materials was. Keeping silver-ions concentration constant, the antibacterial activity of the materials for adding Titania was better than that of without Titania. Moreover, the addition of Titania would inhibit the discolouration of the composite materials. The antibacterial activities of the composite materials differentiate to some extent with the bacterial strains.
Yard Planning Considering the Load Profile of Resources in Container Terminals (2009)

Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, KoreaThe main activities of container terminals are to load container freights to vessels, discharge them from vessels, and store them in the storage yard. Container terminals make many operational plans to execute these functions effectively. If the plans do not consider enough the loads of related resources, they may have low actualities. This study discusses the optimal yard planning model which considers various resources, such as the storage yard, yard cranes, internal vehicles, and travel lanes, in container terminals. The model determines the groups and amounts of containers which are stored in each storage block by using the resource profile. The yard planning problem is represented to the multi-commodity minimal cost flow problem and is formulated to the linear programming model. In order to explain the application of the mathematical model, the numerical examples are presented. Additionally, the relationship between the average load ratio and the relocation ratio is discussed.
Influence of Surface Roughness on Adhesion between Elastic Bodies (2005)

We study the influence of surface roughness on the adhesion between elastic solids. We present experimental data for the force necessary to pull off rubber balls from hard rough substrates. We show that the effective adhesion (or the pull-off force) can be calculated accurately from the surface roughness power spectra obtained from the measured surface height profile.
The Mitral Valve (2021)

Patient is placed supine on the operating table with an inflatable cushion under the chest to elevate the right hemi-thorax and to open up the intercostal spaces. A single dose of cardioplegia is preferable as most repairs and/or replacements will be done with one dose of cardioplegia and as the exposure of the mitral valve with the left atrial retractor may lead to less efficient subsequent cardioplegia delivery. The smaller the access ports, the more their position and their angle towards the valve are important to have a good enough visualization of the mitral valve. Mitral valve repair surgery should be a discipline that is done on a very regular basis, as only in centers with enough volume, will the rates of repair and the long-term outcomes be good enough. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery has been adopted by many heart surgery centers throughout the globe.
FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED SOLAR/HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS FOR REDUCED RESIDENTIAL CONDITIONING ENERGY CONSUMPTION (2012)

This paper investigates the impact of using an air- source heat pump system in a thermally efficient house for two locations: Chicago, IL and Dallas, TX. In addition to an air-source heat pump, a geothermal heat pump system is implemented in the Chicago location. The source energy savings over a conventional system is reported as well as the life cycle costs for each of these cases. The conventional system is a natural gas furnace and air conditioner. In addition, to improve the performance of the air-source heat pump system, photovoltaics and solar thermal systems are implemented to analyze the effects on the energy savings and life cycle costs.