gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal Prediction of Individual Sequences (2010)

Abstruct-The problem of predicting the next outcome of an individual binary sequence using finite memory, is considered. The finite-state predictability of an infinite sequence is defined as the minimum fraction of prediction errors that can be made by any finite-state (FS) predictor. It is proved that this FS predictability can be attained by universal sequential prediction schemes. Specifically, an efficient prediction procedure based on the incremental parsing procedure of the Lempel-Ziv data compression algorithm is shown to achieve asymptotically the FS predictability. Finally, some relations between compressibility and predictability are pointed out, and the predictability is proposed as an additional measure of the complexity of a sequence. Index Terms-Predictability, compressibility, complexity, finite-state machines, Lempel- Ziv algorithm.
First-Principles Study of Electronic Conductivity, Structural and Electronic Properties of Oxygen-Vacancy-Defected SnO2 (2021)

The use of computer simulations has become almost essential for prediction and interpretation of device's performance. In gas sensing field, the simulation of specific conditions, which determine the physical-chemical properties of widely used metal oxide semiconductors, can be used to investigate the performance of gas sensors based on these kinds of materials. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical properties of tin dioxide employed for environmental and health gas sensing application and to investigate the influence of oxygen vacancies on its properties by means of density functional theory. Two samples, having different concentration of oxygen vacancies, were deeply studied in terms of their structural, electronic and electrical properties. It was proved the influence of oxygen vacancies on lattice parameter. By increasing oxygen vacancies concentration, the increased number of impurity states took these closer to the conduction band minimum, which can lead to an easier adsorption process of oxygen species and their availability to be exchanges with the molecules of the target gases. In this way a reduction of the operating temperature can be observed, thus reducing the power consumption of devices, while keeping the catalytic performance of the material.
Routability-Driven FPGA Placement Contest (2016)

The advances of FPGA technology and increasing size of FPGA designs pose great challenges on FPGA design tools. Deep research on FPGA physical design problems is paramount to improve industrial tools. This contest is the first ISPD contest on FPGA CAD tools. Routability driven FPGA placement, in context of large designs modern FPGA architecture, is one of the best topics to start the effort.
Freestanding Three-Dimensional CuO/NiO Core–Shell Nanowire Arrays as High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anode (2018)

We demonstrate significant improvement of CuO nanowire arrays as anode materials for lithium ion batteries by coating with thin NiO nanosheets conformally. The NiO nanosheets were designed two kinds of morphologies, which are porous and non-porous. By the NiO nanosheets coating, the major active CuO nanowires were protected from direct contact with the electrolyte to improve the surface chemical stability. Simultaneously, through the observation and comparison of TEM results of crystalline non-porous NiO nanosheets, before and after lithiation process, we clearly prove the effect of expected protection of CuO, and clarify the differences of phase transition, crystallinity change, ionic conduction and the mechanisms of the capacity decay further. Subsequently, the electrochemical performances exhibit lithiation and delithiation differences of the porous and non-porous NiO nanosheets, and confirm that the presence of the non-porous NiO coating can still effectively assist the diffusion of Li+ ions into the CuO nanowires, maintaining the advantage of high surface area, and improves the cycle performance of CuO nanowires, leading to enhanced battery capacity. Optimally, the best structure is validated to be non-porous NiO nanosheets, in contrary to the anticipated porous NiO nanosheets. In addition, considering the low cost and facile fabrication process can be realized further for practical applications.
Comparison of ethene and ethane primary selectivities with Li/MgO and MgO catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane: comments on the role of lithium (1987)

Graham. J. Hutchings, M. S. Scurrell and J. R. Woodhouse, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 1862 DOI: 10.1039/C39870001862
On the stability of radio-frequency discharge (2004)

The transition from weak to heavy current discharge in the cross-section of radio frequency helium discharge is numerically investigated. It is found the lowest possible voltage, so that this transition takes place. It is established a possible rise of a pre-gap of the discharge on a line, non coinciding with the minimum distance between the electrodes. The obtained results are in good agreement with the existing experimental data. The method is applied and investigations are made for constructive engineering solutions, influenced on the break-through process.
Abstract B90: Eribulin mesylate alters immune homeostasis in mice bearing syngeneic tumors. (2013)

Abstract Numerous studies indicate that certain tumor-infiltrating macrophage subsets can support neoplastic growth. Recent reports showed that spleen can serve as an important reservoir for macrophages and neutrophils that replicate in situ, then migrate to support tumor growth. Eribulin mesylate (Halaven®) is a microtubule-dynamics inhibitor approved for third line clinical use in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer based upon statistically significant increase in median overall survival (OS) compared to treatment of physician's choice. In an effort to understand whether eribulin has additional effects beyond its anti-mitotic activity, the current study addressed the effects of eribulin mesylate on immune cells. Using the subcutaneous syngeneic murine tumor model Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), we found that the tumor shrinking effect of eribulin correlated with increased extramedullary hematopoiesis observed in the spleens of treated mice. Eribulin was also found to inhibit the proliferation of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the spleens of LLC-bearing mice. Early effects of eribulin were studied using the CT-26 colon tumor isograft model and included increased differentiation and death of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells. Furthermore, eribulin caused increased CD25 expression on CD4+ Foxp3- T cells but not on CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. Finally, frequencies of exhausted CD8+ T cells were reduced following eribulin treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that eribulin-mediated modulation of immune homeostasis especially in the spleen, may contribute to its anti-tumor effect. Citation Format: Diana I. Albu, Namita Kumar, Galina Kusnetzov, Shanqin Xu, Bruce Littlefield, Mary Woodall-Jappe. Eribulin mesylate alters immune homeostasis in mice bearing syngeneic tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B90.
Production of carbon nanotubes in a packed bed and a fluidized bed (2003)

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from ethylene decomposition over the Fe/Al 2 O 3 catalyst are studied in a packed bed (PB) reactor and a nanoagglomerate fluidized bed reactor (NABR), respectively. CNTs sampled at different reaction times are characterized by TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and particle size analysis. The bulk density and agglomerate size of CNTs increase significantly with reaction time in a PB, while it remains at a stable level in NABR. Also, CNTs with good morphology, narrow diameter distribution, and fewer lattice defects are obtained in an NABR, rather than in a PB. In contrast to the unavoidable jamming due to volume increase of CNTs observed in a PB, a continuous CNT growth process is attained in an NABR, even though the amount of CNTs in an NABR is 6–7 times that in a PB. The flow dynamics, available space for growing, and mass and heat transfer can be controlled in an NABR, which favors the large‐scale production of CNTs with uniform properties.
Nucleophilic substitution and ring closure reactions of 4‐chloro‐3‐nitro‐2‐quinolones (1992)

Abstract 4‐Chloro‐3‐nitro‐2‐quinolones 3 obtained from the 4‐hydroxy quinolones 1 by nitration and chlorination, reacted with sodium azide to the 4‐azido derivatives 4 which cyclized on thermolysis to yield the furoxanes 5 . Nucleophilic substitution reactions of 3 led to the 4‐amino‐, 4‐fluoro‐ and 4‐alkoxy‐3‐nitroquinolones 7, 8 and 9 , respectively. With thiols either 4‐thio‐3‐nitro‐ 10 or 3,4‐dithioquinolones 11 were obtained depending on the basic catalyst.
Supplementary Figures from High Expression of MHC Class I Overcomes Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance Due to IFNγ Signaling Pathway Defects (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1-S7&lt;/p&gt;
Inhibition of plasma membrane redox activities and elongation growth of soybean (1988)

NADH‐ferricyanide oxido‐reductase (EC 1,6,99,3) of purified plasma membrane vesicles isolated by aqueous two‐phase partition from segments of etiolated soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams] hypocotyls was used as a measure of plasma membrane redox activity. Elongation growth of hypocotyl segments floated on the solutions was determined in parallel. Cis ‐platinum (II) diammine dichloride ( cis ‐platin), adriamycin and p ‐nitrophenylacetate, agents known to inhibit cell proliferation and plasma membrane redox activities in mammalian cells inhibited both NADH‐ferricyanide oxido‐reductase of the isolated membrane vesicles and elongation growth of intact hypocotyl segments. Auxin(2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)‐induced growth of the isolated segments was inhibited preferentially at drug concentrations where control growth was affected only slightly. The findings suggest a connection between plasma membrane redox reactions and the control of elongation growth in plants.
Influence of dioxin-related compounds on physical function in Yusho incident victims (2019)

Our findings suggest that dioxin-related compounds have a negative influence on physical function in men. However, these findings should be interpreted carefully. Future studies examining additional data on musculoskeletal disorders are warranted.
Generation of pyrroles in the reaction of Levuglandin E2 with proteins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration of pyrroles in the reaction of Levuglandin E2 with proteinsRajkumar S. Iyer, Michael E. Kobierski, and Robert G. SalomonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 20, 6038–6043Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00099a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00099a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Representations of Knowledge in Complex Systems (1994)

SUMMARY Modern sensor technologies, especially in biomedicine, produce increasingly detailed and informative image ensembles, many extremely complex. It will be argued that pattern theory can supply mathematical representations of subject-matter knowledge that can be used as a basis for algorithmic ‘understanding’ of such pictures. After a brief survey of the basic principles of pattern theory we shall illustrate them by an application to a concrete situation: high magnification (greater than 15000×) electron micrographs of cardiac muscle cells. The aim is to build algorithms for automatic hypothesis formation concerning the number, location, orientation and shape of mitochondria and membranes. For this we construct a pattern theoretic model in the form of a prior probability measure on the space of configurations describing these hypotheses. This measure is synthesized by solving sequentially a jump–diffusion equation of generalized Langevin form. The jumps occur for the creation–annihilation of hypotheses, corresponding to a jump from one continuum to another in configuration (hypothesis) space. These continua (subhypotheses) are expressed in terms of products of low dimensional Lie groups acting on the generators of a template. We use a modified Bayes approach to obtain the hypothesis formation, also organized by solving a generalized Langevin equation. to justify this it is shown that the resulting jump-diffusion process is ergodic so that the solution converges to the desired probability measure. to speed up the convergence we reduce the computation of the drift term in the stochastic differential equation analytically to a curvilinear integral, with the random term computed almost instantaneously. The algorithms thus obtained are implemented, both for mitochondria and membranes, on a 4000 processor parallel machine. Photographs of the graphics illustrate how automatic hypothesis formation is achieved. This approach is applied to deformable neuroanatomical atlases and tracking recognition from narrow band and high resolution sensor arrays.
Security Analysis of Hardened Retina Based Fuzzy Vault (2009)

Biometric techniques are gaining importance for personal authentication and identification. Biometric templates are vulnerable to variety of attacks due to their inherent nature. When a person's biometric is compromised his identity is lost. In contrast to password, biometric is not revocable. Therefore providing security to the stored biometric template is very crucial. Crypto biometric systems are authentication systems frame work, which blends the idea of cryptography and biometrics. Fuzzy vault is a proven crypto biometric construct which is used to secure the biometric templates. However fuzzy vault suffer from certain limitations like non-revocability, cross matching. Security of the fuzzy vault is affected by the non-uniform nature of the biometric data. Fuzzy vault when hardened with password overcomes these limitations. Password provides an additional layer of security and enhances user privacy. Retina has certain advantages over other biometric traits. Retinal scans are used in high-end security applications like access control to areas or rooms in military installations, power plants, and other high risk security areas. In the proposed method retina based fuzzy vault is hardened for achieving high level security. The proposed hardened retina based fuzzy vault is robust against stored biometric template attacks.
Microstructure, Phase and Thermoelastic Properties of Laminated Liquid‐Phase‐Sintered Silicon Carbide–Titanium Carbide Ceramic Composites (2007)

Hot‐pressed silicon carbide–titanium carbide (SiC—TiC) composites sintered with liquid‐phase forming Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 mixtures have been studied. Samples were fabricated by successively stacking tape‐cast sheets of a single composition, resulting in a laminated body of uniform composition. This approach required the development of a technology easily transferable into the production of functionally graded SiC–TiC materials. The effects of this processing route on the resultant microstructures and phases were explored in detail. Additionally, because of the consequences for graded materials, the effects of TiC proportion on the thermal expansion coefficients, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratios for several SiC–TiC composites were also determined.
Association between hypothyroidism and hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-control study in the United States # (2008)

Thyroid hormones play an essential role in lipid mobilization, lipid degradation, and fatty acid oxidation. Hypothyroidism has been associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; however, the association between thyroid diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in men and women has not been well established. We investigated the association between hypothyroidism and HCC risk in men and women in a case-control study, which included 420 eligible patients with HCC and 1104 healthy controls. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to control for the confounding effects of established HCC risk factors. A long-term history of hypothyroidism (>10 years) was associated with a statistically significant high risk of HCC in women; after adjusting for demographic factors, diabetes, hepatitis, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and family history of cancer, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-6.3). Restricted analyses among hepatitis virus-negative subjects, nondrinkers, nondiabetics, nonsmokers, and nonobese individuals indicated a significant association between hypothyroidism and HCC, with an approximate two-fold to three-fold increased risk of HCC development. We observed risk modification among women with diabetes mellitus (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = 2.7-32.7) and chronic hepatitis virus infection (OR = 31.2; 95% CI = 6.3-153.2). A history of hyperthyroidism was not significantly related to HCC (OR = 1.7; CI = 0.6-5.1). We noted significant elevated risk association between hypothyroidism and HCC in women that was independent of established HCC risk factors. Experimental investigations are necessary for thorough assessment of the relationship between thyroid disorders and HCC.
Thermal Behaviour of Poly(propylene) Layered Silicate Nanocomposites (2001)

The thermal degradation behaviour of nanocomposites based upon poly(propylene)/organoclay, modified with protonated octadecyl amine (C18) in comparison to that of non-exfoliated microcomposites based upon organoclay, modified with protonated butyl amine (C4), was studied by thermogravimetry. In the case of the nanocomposite, the temperature at which volatilisation occurs increases as compared of the microcomposite. Moreover, the thermal oxidation process of the polymer is strongly slowed down in the nanocomposite with high char yield both by a physical barrier effect, enhanced by ablative reassembling of the silicate, and by a chemical catalytic action due to the silicate and to the strongly acid sites created by thermal decomposition of the protonated amine silicate modifier.
Terminal Protection of Small Molecule-Linked DNA for Small Molecule–Protein Interaction Assays (2014)

Methods for the detection of specific interactions between diverse proteins and various small-molecule ligands are of significant importance in understanding the mechanisms of many critical physiological processes of organisms. The techniques also represent a major avenue to drug screening, molecular diagnostics, and public safety monitoring. Terminal protection assay of small molecule-linked DNA is a demonstrated novel methodology which has exhibited great potential for the development of simple, sensitive, specific and high-throughput methods for the detection of small molecule-protein interactions. Herein, we review the basic principle of terminal protection assay, the development of associated methods, and the signal amplification strategies adopted for performance improving in small molecule-protein interaction assay.
Partially coherent diffraction effect between Lau and Talbot effects (1988)

We study the diffraction effect of gratings under partially coherent illumination generated by a source slit. Various fringe distributions from Lau fringes to the Talbot self-image can be observed by continuous adjustment of the slit width. An expression for describing the effect is derived in terms of an ambiguity function, which is a joint correlation among the functions of the source slit and the two gratings. It is concluded that the profile of the fringe pattern changes not only as the degree of spatial coherence is varied but also as one of the gratings is shifted in a lateral direction. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical intensity distributions.
Power-aware selection policy for networks on chip (2011)

The selection policy of an adaptive routing algorithm plays an important role on both performance and power figures of a network on chip (NoC). In this paper we propose a new selection policy which is power-aware. The basic idea is taking into account not only a performance metric but also a power metric related to both self and coupling switching activity of the selected output link. The experimental analysis, carried out on both synthetic and real traffic scenarios, shows important power and energy savings (up to 30% and 27% respectively) with a negligible impact on performance.
Attributing modelling errors in HMM synthesis by stepping gradually from natural to modelled speech (2015)

Even the best statistical parametric speech synthesis systems do not achieve the naturalness of good unit selection. We investigated possible causes of this. By constructing speech signals that lie in between natural speech and the output from a complete HMM synthesis system, we investigated various effects of modelling. We manipulated the temporal smoothness and the variance of the spectral parameters to create stimuli, then presented these to listeners alongside natural and vocoded speech, as well as output from a full HMM-based text-to-speech system and from an idealised `pseudo-HMM'. All speech signals, except the natural waveform, were created using vocoders employing one of two popular spectral parameterisations: Mel-Cepstra or Mel-Line Spectral Pairs. Listeners made `same or different' pairwise judgements, from which we generated a perceptual map using Multidimensional Scaling. We draw conclusions about which aspects of HMM synthesis are limiting the naturalness of the synthetic speech.
Novel design concepts for UV laser beam shaping (1999)

Recent developments in the field of high transmitting beam shaping optics for material processing are presented. Central parts of these optics are non-rotationally symmetric optical elements (NOEs). Advanced design principles for NOEs are presented. An optical setup containing a NOE and a system for the adaptation of the spatial coherence properties of excimer lasers to the processing requirements are presented together with beam diagnosis and material processing results. In comparison to results obtained earlier a largely increased beam shaping performance is demonstrated.