gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution lunar gravity fields from the GRAIL Primary and Extended Missions (2014)

Abstract The resolution and accuracy of the lunar spherical harmonic gravity field have been dramatically improved as a result of the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission. From the Primary Mission, previous harmonic gravity fields resulted in an average n = 420 surface resolution and a Bouguer spectrum to n = 330. The GRAIL Extended Mission improves the resolution due to a lower average 23 km altitude orbit. As a result, new harmonic degree 900 gravity fields (GL0900C and GL0900D) show nearly a factor of 2 improvement with an average surface resolution n = 870 and the Bouguer spectrum extended to n = 550. Since the minimum spacecraft altitude varies spatially between 3 km and 23 km, the surface resolution is variable from near n = 680 for the central farside to near n = 900 for the polar regions. These gravity fields with 0.8 million parameters are by far the highest‐degree fields of any planet ever estimated with a fully dynamic least squares technique using spacecraft tracking data.
Considering MEEF in inverse lithography technology (ILT) and source mask optimization (SMO) (2008)

Mask Error Enhancement Factor (MEEF) plays an increasingly important role in the DFM and RET flow required to continue shrinking designs in the low-k1 lithography regime. The ability to model and minimize MEEF during lithography optimization and RET application is essential to obtain a usable process window (PW). In Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT), MEEF can be included in the cost function as a nonlinear factor, so that the inversion minimizes MEEF, in addition to optimizing PW and edge placement error (EPE). ILT has been shown to optimize masks for a given source. Using ILT for contemporaneous Source and Mask co-Optimization (SMO) can provide further benefit by balancing the complexity of mask and source. Results demonstrating the benefits of "MEEF-aware" ILT and SMO for advanced technology nodes are presented in this paper.
Changes in Spinal δ and κ Opioid Systems in Mice Deficient in the A2AReceptor Gene (2002)

A large body of evidence indicates important interactions between the adenosine and opioid systems in regulating pain at both the spinal and supraspinal level. Mice lacking the A(2A) receptor gene have been developed successfully, and these animals were shown to be hypoalgesic. To investigate whether there are any compensatory alterations in opioid systems in mutant animals, we have performed quantitative autoradiographic mapping of mu, delta, kappa, and opioid receptor-like (ORL1) opioid receptors in the brains and spinal cords of wild-type and homozygous A(2A) receptor knock-out mice. In addition, mu-, delta-, and kappa-mediated antinociception using the tail immersion test was tested in wild-type and homozygous A(2A) receptor knock-out mice. A significant reduction in [3H]deltorphin-I binding to delta receptors and a significant increase in [3H]CI-977 binding to kappa receptors was detected in the spinal cords but not in the brains of the knock-out mice. Mu and ORL1 receptor expression were not altered significantly. Moreover, a significant reduction in delta-mediated antinociception and a significant increase in kappa-mediated antinociception were detected in mutant mice, whereas mu-mediated antinociception was unaffected. Comparison of basal nociceptive latencies showed a significant hypoalgesia in knock-out mice when tested at 55 degrees C but not at 52 degrees C. The results suggest a functional interaction between the spinal delta and kappa opioid and the peripheral adenosine system in the control of pain pathways.
Equity Style and Federal Reserve Policy (2000)

The authors note that money managers and investors spend a great deal of time and effort designing portfolios that reflect different investment styles. While many previous studies indicate that the choice of equity styles matters, it certainly does not represent the only relevant consideration. The results presented in this analysis indicate that regardless of investment style, returns during expansive monetary policy periods are markedly higher (and volatility is markedly lower) when compared to restrictive periods. At a minimum, the results suggest that investment professionals may want to educate their clients concerning the influence of Federal Reserve policy on equity market returns. Further, they suggest that preparing clients for the distinct possibility of lower returns during restrictive monetary policy periods may lead to more content investors and allows money managers to spend more time on the business of creating and monitoring portfolios and less time on explaining what happened.
Ultrasound Three- Dimensional VelocityMeasurements by Feature Tracking (1996)

This article describes a new angle-independent method suitable for three-dimensional (3-D) blood flow velocity measurement that tracks features of the ultrasonic speckle produced by a pulse echo system. In this method, a feature is identified and followed over time to detect motion. Other blood flow velocity measurement methods typically estimate velocity using one- (1-D) or two-dimensional (2-D) spatial and time information. Speckle decorrelation due to motion in the elevation dimension may hinder this estimate of the true 3-D blood flow velocity vector. Feature tracking is a 3-D method with the ability to measure the true blood velocity vector rather than a projection onto a line or plane. Off-line experiments using a tissue phantom and a real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging system have shown that the local maximum detected value of the speckle signal may be identified and tracked for measuring velocities typical of human blood flow. The limitations of feature tracking, including the uncertainty of the peak location and the duration of the local maxima are discussed. An analysis of the expected error using this method is given.
Toward expanding the scope of radiology report summarization to multiple anatomies and modalities (2022)

Radiology report summarization (RRS) is a growing area of research. Given the Findings section of a radiology report, the goal is to generate a summary (called an Impression section) that highlights the key observations and conclusions of the radiology study. However, RRS currently faces essential limitations.First, many prior studies conduct experiments on private datasets, preventing reproduction of results and fair comparisons across different systems and solutions. Second, most prior approaches are evaluated solely on chest X-rays. To address these limitations, we propose a dataset (MIMIC-RRS) involving three new modalities and seven new anatomies based on the MIMIC-III and MIMIC-CXR datasets. We then conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of models both within and across modality-anatomy pairs in MIMIC-RRS. In addition, we evaluate their clinical efficacy via RadGraph, a factual correctness metric.
Mass spectrometric study of the ionized C60: (γ‐Cyclodextrin)2 inclusion complex by collision induced dissociation (2007)

The water soluble inclusion complex [C(60):(gamma-cyclodextrin)(2)] has been characterized using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation. [C(60):(gamma-cyclodextrin)(2)] ions were detected in the gas phase as doubly deprotonated, doubly protonated and doubly sodiated ions. The absence of monocharged complex ions following electronebulization is a likely consequence of the dimeric nature and structural symmetry of the inclusion complex. The collision induced dissociation of positive ions led exclusively to the observation of the protonated and sodiated cyclodextrin ions as well as their fragments. In negative ion mode the closed shell anion C(60)H(-) was the dominant fragment detected at low collision energies whereas at higher collision energies the signal corresponding to deprotonated cyclodextrin units becomes significant. Since C(60) (2-) has been reported to have a nonnegligible basicity compared to C(60) and C(60) (-), it is likely that the proton transfer involved in the formation of the C(60)H(-) anion occurs following transfer of the two electrons from the deprotonated gamma-cyclodextrins to the fullerene. Finally, the charge state of the inclusion complex ions is also shown to affect the interaction strengths between its subunits. The relative stabilities of the three ionic species studied in gas phase following electronebulization are as follows: [C(60):(gamma-cyclodextrin)(2) + 2H](2+) < [C(60):(gamma-cyclodextrin)(2)- 2H](2-) < [C(60):(gamma-cyclodextrin)(2) + 2Na](2+).
Coupling CFD models of airflow with building simulation with an object-oriented and parallel infrastructure (2012)

Integrating CFD &amp; HT models with the general building program raises the computational time of\nbuilding simulations as these simulations are usually performed over a period of one year. Within\nthis context, our aim is to couple a object-oriented modular building program with CFD &amp; HT for\nairflow and parallelize the simulation with numerous processors for reducing computational time.\nAlso the modular nature of the code will allow to resolve selective critical zones with CFD &amp; HT\nmodels while employing simple models for airflow in less critical zones. Thus, there are different\nlevels of modelling different rooms/elements of the building system depending on the requirements\nof a specific case.
Dual‐Responsive Interaction to Detect DNA on Template‐Based Fluorescent Nanotubes (2011)

Fluorescent nanotubes are fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of oppositely charged core–shell macromolecules on the template of a nanoporous membrane. These nanotubes contain either positively or negatively charged surfaces and are exploited as specific functional substrates for dual-responsive DNA probing and targeting. The nanotube (red)/DNA (blue) complex is visualized as a dual-color nanotube in double- fluorescence imaging.
Multiscale Modeling Approach for Polymeric Nanocomposites (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Multiscale Modeling of Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Materials: Toward “Virtual Design” Atomistic Scale: Basic Instincts Mesoscale: Connecting Structure to Properties Macroscale: Where Is the Detail? The Matter at Continuum Conclusions References
hTERT Suppression via Small Interference RNA in Cervical Cancer Cells (2016)

Telomerase (TERT) functions to extend the telomeric repeat terminus of each chromosome allowing embryonic cells to proliferate into an adult organism. The TERT gene is subsequently inactivated following maturation, consequently conveying a finite lifespan to every adult cell line, as shortened chromosome arms trigger cell apoptosis. This process ensures that older cells lines, which are invariably accumulating mutations, are eliminated from the body and replaced by stem cells containing founding DNA. One of the defining attributes of a cancer cell is the ability to divide perpetually. This capability to divide continually is often due to the reactivation of TERT. Therefore, the abolishment of TERT activity presents a promising avenue for cancer treatment. Here, we demonstrate through qRT-PCR and ELISA techniques that although small interference RNA (siRNA) results in a transcription knockdown of ninety-seven percent the actual protein activity reduction is far less dramatic. KEYWORDS: Telomerase; Small Interference RNA; Cancer; Tumor; hTERT; qRT-PCR; RNA Interference; ELISA
Radiological Results Five Years Following Lumbar Total Disc Replacement with a Controlled Mobile Core Prosthesis (2016)

Purpose: Total disc replacement must allow pain relief due to the resection of the painful disc, with preserving segmental mobility and function of the intervertebral joint. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of a mobile-core lumbar prosthesis. This study reports both clinical (Part 1) and radiological (Part 2) assessments.
Method: Four hundred and eleven patients were included in a prospective and multicentric study with a 5-year follow-up. Radiological performance included mobility and lordosis of implanted segments. The occurrence of heterotopic ossification and the impact of the surgery on adjacent discs (motion and radiological signs of degeneration) were also explored.
Results: Restoration of segmental mobility (mean ROM=7.8 at 5 years), improvement and stabilization of lordosis as well as a reduced rate of heterotopic ossification were observed. Improvement of ROM in superior and inferior discs was observed but without hyper-mobility. Slight degeneration of superior and inferior discs was noted compared to preoperative status. The rate of reoperation on adjacent discs was low (3.2%).
Conclusion: This study showed satisfactory radiological results by restoring motion and preserving adjacent segments at 5 years’ follow-up and confirmed the safety and efficacy of this lumbar total disc prosthesis with specific controlled-mobility core.
The Effortless Assessment of Risk States (EARS) Tool: An Interpersonal Approach to Mobile Sensing (2018)

The EARS tool offers an innovative approach to passive mobile sensing by emphasizing the centrality of a person's social life to their well-being. We built the EARS tool to power cutting-edge research, with the ultimate goal of leveraging individual big data to empower people and enhance mental health.
Towards Query Optimization for SPARQL Property Paths (2015)

The extension of SPARQL in version 1.1 with property paths offers a type of regular path query for RDF graph databases. Such queries are difficult to optimize and evaluate efficiently, however. We have embarked on a project, Waveguide, to build a cost-based optimizer for SPARQL queries with property paths. Waveguide builds a query plan - a waveguide plan (WGP) - which guides the query evaluation. There are numerous choices in the construction of a plan, and a number of optimization methods, meaning the space of plans for a query can be quite large. Execution costs of plans for the same query can vary by orders of magnitude. We illustrate the types of optimizations this approach affords and the performance gains that can be obtained. A WGP's costs can be estimated, which opens the way to cost-based optimization.
Epicardial-derived adrenomedullin drives cardiac hyperplasia during embryogenesis. (2020)

BACKGROUND: Growth promoting signals from the epicardium are essential for driving myocardial proliferation during embryogenesis. In adults, these signals become reactivated following injury and promote angiogenesis and myocardial repair. Therefore, identification of such paracrine factors could lead to novel therapeutic strategies. The multi-functional peptide adrenomedullin (Adm 5 gene, AM 5 protein) is required for normal heart development. Moreover, elevated plasma AM following myocardial infarction offers beneficial cardioprotection and serves as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic indication of disease severity. RESULTS: Here, we developed a new model of Adm overexpression by stabilizing the Adm mRNA through gene-targeted replacement of the endogenous 30 untranslated region. As expected, Admhi/hi mice express three-times more AM than controls in multiple tissues, including the heart. Despite normal blood pressures, Admhi/hi mice unexpectedly showed significantly enlarged hearts due to increased cardiac hyperplasia during development. The targeting vector was designed to allow for reversion to wild-type levels by means of Cre-mediated modification. Using this approach, we demonstrate that AM derived from the epicardium, but not the myocardium or cardiac fibroblast, is responsible for driving cardiomyocyte hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: AM is produced by the epicardium and drives myocyte proliferation during development, thus representing a novel and clinically relevant factor potentially related to mechanisms of cardiac repair after injury.
Bi-directional Gap Closing MEMS Actuator Using Timing and Control Techniques (2006)

We analyze a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) device known as a gap closing actuator (GCA) and propose two timing and control algorithms that enable bi-directional motion control. The electrostatic and mechanical force equations are defined and a model created that simulates a GCA. Two timing and control techniques are used to enable bi-directional operation without using additional mechanical or electrical actuators, but with feedback control
Codec-Independent Selective Forwarding (2015)

Selective Forwarding Units (SFUs) supporting Scalable Video Coding
(SVC) typically parse the RTP payload in the forwarding plane, and
often utilize codec-specific control messages within the control
plane. As a result, the control and/or forwarding planes of these
implementations need to be modified (sometimes substantially) in order
to support additional video codecs. With SFUs now supporting VP8 in
addition to H.264/SVC, and with additional video codecs expected to
become popular, the inflexibility of SFU designs that depend on RTP
payload parsing has become increasingly apparent. In addition, these
designs cannot function where the RTP payload is inaccessible, such as
when it is encrypted with a key not available to the SFU. Based on a
summary of SFU implementation practice, this document develops
requirements for codec-independent SFUs.
A C-OTDR Sensor for Liquid Detection Based on Optically Heated Co2+-Doped Fibers (2020)

In this paper, we propose a dual wavelength scheme for the detection of liquids based on optically absorbing (Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> -doped) optical fibers. The proposed configuration makes use of a Coherent-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (C-OTDR) operating with standard fibers at 850 nm. Besides vibration measurements over all the sensing fiber, the proposed scheme performs liquid detection in short sections of Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> -doped fibers, heated by a modulated optical pump at 1550 nm. We demonstrate that the proposed sensor detects the liquids surrounding the doped fiber, such as water or acetone.
Laboratory Use Of A Specially Programmed Excel User Form For Polynomial Regression (2020)

was set to 5 here to exaggerate the error limits, which otherwise would be almost invisible.
Use of titanium dioxide for surface modification of polymeric membranes to diminish their biological contamination (2007)

Adhesion of microorganisms to the surface of polymeric membranes and the efficiency of modification of the membrane surface by deposition of titanium dioxide to diminish biological overgrowth were studied.
Experimental Evidence of the Oxygen Dimer in Silicon (1998)

Optical characterization of the oxygen dimer in silicon has been performed for the first time. The vibrational IR absorption bands at 1012, 1060, and $1105{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are shown to arise from this complex. Using heat-treatment studies, the dimer binding energy is determined to be about 0.3 eV. Indications of the high migration ability of the dimer predicted earlier are found as well.
Submillimeter Solar Observation Lunar Volatiles Experiment (SSOLVE) Optics and Front-end Spectrometer (2021)

SSOLVE is a heterodyne spectrometer that is under development as a technology demonstration for future lunar lander missions. The system contains a heliostat to target the Sun, optics, and submillimeter-wave, and Terahertz (THz) receivers to measure the column abundance of H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O, OH, and HDO.
On the revaluation of arbitraged assets and the inflation accounting debate: Error correction estimates and forecasts (2001)

This paper recasts an old debate in accounting, that of the appropriate means of revaluing assets in place, within a new theoretical and empirical framework. The new theoretical framework is to regard the current movement of current cost accounting indices as reflecting inter-industry arbitrage of both assets in place and investment. This new perspective results in a new empirical development which draws upon recent advances in time-series econometrics, namely, error correction representations of the trajectory of related time-series. We construct error correction representations of both the current-cost and the current purchasing power method of valuing assets in place and compare them according to their ability to forecast the future value of assets in place. The results suggest that the time path of specific price indices has a parsimonious error-correction representation involving other related price indices. The bivariate and multivariate tests of forecasting accuracy we conducted show that the error correction model clearly outperforms the random walk benchmark model.
Optimizing coupling in biperiodic accelerating structures (1998)

We have studied the electrodynamic and focusing dependence on the coupling slot and coupling cell parameters for circular and rectangular accelerating structures. We find that: (i) for circular structures the coupling slot induced asymmetric electromagnetic fields of the coupling cell have twice the influence on the transverse beam dynamics than those of accelerating cells; (ii) the neighboring cell coupling slot location can influence the beam dynamics from minimally to usefully; and (iii) by increasing the coupling slot area while optimizing its geometry and decreasing the coupling cell area covered by surface currents, the coupling can be increased /spl sim/15% with little decrease in shunt impedance.
Analyzing software data: after the gold rush (a goldfish-bowl panel) (2014)

Over the past few years, the volume and types of data related to software engineering has grown at an unprecedented rate and shows no sign of slowing. This turn of events has led to a veritable gold rush, as researchers attempt to mine raw data and extract nuggets of insight. A very real danger is that the landscape may become a Wild West where inexperienced software "cowboys" sell hastily generated models to unsophisticated business users, without any concern for best or safe practices. Given the current enthusiasm for data analysis in software engineering, it is time to review how we using those techniques and can we use them better. While there may be no single best "right" way to analyze software data, there are many wrong ways. As data techniques mature, we need to move to a new era where data scientists understand and share the strengths and drawbacks of the many methods that might be deployed in industry. In this highly interactive panel skilled practitioners and academics can (a) broadcast their insights and (b) hear the issues of newcomers in this field.
The Effect of Tibial Plateau Angle on Ground Reaction Forces 4–17 Months After Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy in Labrador Retrievers (2006)

Limb function in Labrador Retrievers was not affected by postoperative TPA and re-operation for cases with a postoperative TPA between 0 and 14 degrees is not recommended.
Development Of Co-culture Model For Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions (2016)

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