gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray characterization of a four-bounce projection system (1995)

A four-bounce two-element projection system designed to achieve 0.14 {mu}m resolution over a 1.2 {times} 5 mm{sup 2} ring field has been fabricated. The radiation transport properties of both the individual multilayer-coated optics and the assembled system has been measured. The individual mirror measurements demonstrated that the coatings were within 0.03 nm of d-spacing specifications; however, the mirrors exhibited significant scatter which reduced reflectance below the design specification of 60%. The peak radiation transport efficiency of the assembled projector was 7% at 13.2 nm. To the best of the authors` knowledge, this represented the first measurement of the radiation transport efficiency of a multi-element optical system for EUV lithography. Experiments performed at LLNL`s front-end test bed facility were consistent with the measured transport efficiency.
Position and Orientation Control of Complex-Shaped Samples in Acoustic Levitation (2022)

Controlled levitation has been limited to sub-wavelength samples with few exceptions of spheres and cubes. We demonstrate controlled airborne levitation of 2λ-sized complex-shaped objects (3D letters, X, U, T). The pressure field was tailored to a particular sample shape by arranging multiple small asymmetric acoustic traps. This allows stable locking of the object and control of its orientation and position in mid-air. The pressure field was produced with a 450-element phased array (f = 40kHz) featuring element-wise amplitude and phase control.
Lowering Bone Mineral Affinity of Bisphosphonates as a Therapeutic Strategy to Optimize Skeletal Tumor Growth Inhibition In vivo (2008)

Bisphosphonates bind avidly to bone mineral and are potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. They also exhibit antitumor activity in vitro. Here, we used a mouse model of human breast cancer bone metastasis to examine the effects of risedronate and NE-10790, a phosphonocarboxylate analogue of the bisphosphonate risedronate, on osteolysis and tumor growth. Osteolysis was measured by radiography and histomorphometry. Tumor burden was measured by fluorescence imaging and histomorphometry. NE-10790 had a 70-fold lower bone mineral affinity compared with risedronate. It was 7-fold and 8,800-fold less potent than risedronate at reducing, respectively, breast cancer cell viability in vitro and bone loss in ovariectomized animals. We next showed that risedronate given at a low dosage in animals bearing human B02-GFP breast tumors reduced osteolysis by inhibiting bone resorption, whereas therapy with higher doses also inhibited skeletal tumor burden. Conversely, therapy with NE-10790 substantially reduced skeletal tumor growth at a dosage that did not inhibit osteolysis, a higher dosage being able to also reduce bone destruction. The in vivo antitumor activity of NE-10790 was restricted to bone because it did not inhibit the growth of subcutaneous B02-GFP tumor xenografts nor the formation of B16-F10 melanoma lung metastases. Moreover, NE-10790, in combination with risedronate, reduced both osteolysis and skeletal tumor burden, whereas NE-10790 or risedronate alone only decreased either tumor burden or osteolysis, respectively. In conclusion, our study shows that decreasing the bone mineral affinity of bisphosphonates is an effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit skeletal tumor growth in vivo.
Effect of the down-regulation of the high Grain Protein Content (GPC) genes on the wheat transcriptome during monocarpic senescence (2011)

Monocarpic senescence is an active process characterized by large-scale changes in gene expression which begins considerably before the appearance of visual symptoms of senescence. The mRNA-seq approach used here was able to detect small differences in transcript levels during the early stages of senescence. This resulted in an extensive list of GPC-regulated genes, which includes transporters, hormone regulated genes, and transcription factors. These GPC-regulated genes, particularly those up-regulated during senescence, provide valuable entry points to dissect the early stages of monocarpic senescence and nutrient remobilization in wheat.
Up-regulated expression in nonhematopoietic tissues of the BCL2A1-derived minor histocompatibility antigens in response to inflammatory cytokines: relevance for allogeneic immunotherapy of leukemia (2005)

T cells directed against hematopoietic-restricted minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) may mediate graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) reactivity without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Recently, the HLA-A24-restricted mHag ACC-1 and the HLA-B44-restricted mHag ACC-2 encoded by separate polymorphisms within the BCL2A1 gene were characterized. Hematopoietic-restricted expression was suggested for these mHags. We demonstrate BCL2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) mRNA expression in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that was up-regulated by the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and/or interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Analysis of cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production illustrated that ACC-2-specific T cells did not recognize untreated MSCs or IFN-gamma-treated MSCs but showed specific recognition and killing of MSCs treated with TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma. We hypothesize that under steady-state circumstances BCL2A1-specific T cells may exhibit relative specificity for hematopoietic tissue, but reactivity against nonhematopoietic cells may occur when inflammatory infiltrates are present. Thus, the role of BCL2A1-specific T cells in differential induction of GVL reactivity and GVHD may depend on the presence of inflammatory responses that may occur during GVHD.
Optical system to compute intensity moments: design (1982)

A frequency-multiplexed coherent optical processor is described that can compute the intensity moments of a gray-scale input image. The space-bandwidth product and dynamic range of the system's components are discussed. A major feature of the system is the ability to operate easily on its outputs to obtain bipolar moments and to correct for various component errors, nonlinearities, and nonuniformities.
Ion Induced Surface Alterations Due to Electronic Charge Exchange and Chemical Reactions (1982)

Abstract A general discussion of the phenomena that can occur during ion—surface encounters is presented and specific examples of charge exchange processes on LiF surfaces and chemical reactions of N + 2 on metals are shown. During rare gas ion bombardment of LiF, ejection of F + ions and excited Li atoms and the energy distributions of secondary F + ions can be correlated with Auger primary ion—surface charge exchange transitions determined by the potential energy of the primary ion vacancy and electron promotions resulting from close atomic encounters. Nitridation of Al, Cu, Mo, and Ni to produce very thin nitride surface films is induced by 0–50 eV mass selected N + 2 beams. The efficiency of nitridation, monitored by the KL 2 L 2 nitrogen Auger electron signal, exhibits a large kinetic energy E k dependence below ca. 30 eV. The threshold impact energy for nitridation varies for the different metals; it is nominally zero for Al and Ni, ∼ 4 eV for Mo, probably &gt; 0 for Cu, and does not occur at any energy below 200 eV for Ag. That the metal electronic structure is a critical parameter is evidenced by the facts that different ion doses are required to produce similar nitride signal levels on various metals and that plots of nitride intensity versus E k exhibit structure or at least different shapes in the low E k region. A simple quantum mechanical model is used to simulate the nitridation reaction by delineation into four elementary steps: (1) neutralization of incoming N + 2 , (2) decomposition of N 2 into 2N, (3) deexcitation and thermalization of N, and (4) chemical reaction proper.
A cohesin–RAD21 interactome (2011)

The cohesin complex holds the sister chromatids together from S-phase until the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and ensures both their proper cohesion and timely separation. In addition to its canonical function in chromosomal segregation, cohesin has been suggested by several lines of investigation in recent years to play additional roles in apoptosis, DNA-damage response, transcriptional regulation and haematopoiesis. To better understand the basis of the disparate cellular functions of cohesin in these various processes, we have characterized a comprehensive protein interactome of cohesin-RAD21 by using three independent approaches: Y2H (yeast two-hybrid) screening, immunoprecipitation-coupled-MS of cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts from MOLT-4 T-lymphocytes in the presence and absence of etoposide-induced apoptosis, and affinity pull-down assays of chromatographically purified nuclear extracts from pro-apoptotic MOLT-4 cells. Our analyses revealed 112 novel protein interactors of cohesin-RAD21 that function in different cellular processes, including mitosis, regulation of apoptosis, chromosome dynamics, replication, transcription regulation, RNA processing, DNA-damage response, protein modification and degradation, and cytoskeleton and cell motility. Identification of cohesin interactors provides a framework for explaining the various non-canonical functions of the cohesin complex.
Globalization of Japanese Higher Education and the Case of Hokkaido University (2018)

Institutions of higher education all over the world are facing the pressure to internationalize their operations and academic programs, to enhance its competitiveness in an international education market. The first part of this chapter presents a review of national policy to incentivize the internationalization of higher education in Japan since 1980s. The second part introduces internalization initiatives of Hokkaido University in the last decade. Under the initiative of the president, university formulated its vision of “Hokkaido University, contributing to the resolution of global issues” in the “Future Strategy for the 150th Anniversary of Hokkaido University,” a blueprint for drastically reforming the university. In the 2014 fiscal year, a strategy to further internationalize education, “Hokkaido Universal Campus Initiative” was chosen by MEXT for the “Top Global University Project.” The author analyzes Hokkaido University's internationalization progress, focusing on the strengths and activities of major projects and the changes in the overall management.
Formation and Stability of Nitric Oxide Myoglobin I. Studies with Model Systems (1967)

SUMMARY— The rate and extent of the formation of nitric oxide myoglobin (NOMb) were studied in aqueous model solutions containing 1–1.5 mg Mb per ml, to which various substances were added to study their effect. Conversion of Mb to NOMb was optimum when 1 mol sodium nitrite per mol Mb was present, provided that the solution contained optimum sodium ascorbate (200 mob). Results were the same with sodium erythorbate, ascorbic acid, and erythorbic acid. Cysteine also furthers the formation of NOMb; its optimum concentration was 100–200 mol per mol Mb, but even then the NOMb formation was appreciably lower than that found with ascorbate. The optimum nitrite concentration in the presence of cysteine was not less than 3 mols nitrite per mol Mb; this could be attributed to the chemical side reactions between nitrite and cysteine. Glutathion showed very little effect on the reaction between nitrite and Mb. The color intensity of NOMb was less in sodium chloride solution than in water. Sodium chloride also had an adverse effect on the formation of NOMb, but sodium nitrate and several sodium polyphosphates had no effect. Ferrous sulfate, on the other hand, accelerated the formation and produced a higher final concentration of nitric oxide myoglobin. Higher temperature and lower pH during the formation of NOMb both markedly accelerated its velocity, but the optimum quantities of NOMb formed were about the same. Investigations of the stability of NOMb in model solutions on exposure to light while in contact with air showed that the ratio between the concentrations of Mb, nitrite, and ascorbate and pH are the decisive factors, and that cysteine, glutathion, potassium nitrate, and polyphosphates had no effect in this respect.
PLASMA ETCHING PROCESSES FOR GIGAHERTZ SILICON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (Part 2) (1991)

In the preceding paper of this series, “Fundamentals of plasma etching for silicon technology (Part 1)”, 1 a historical perspective of the evolution of plasma etching, its relationship to lithography needs, basic characteristics of plasma etching, advantages over wet chemical processing, and a practical viewpoint of the underlying fundamental concepts of plasma physics and chemistry were presented. In this paper, original work in plasma etcher design and a variety of process applications to multigigahertz rate silicon technology as practiced in Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, are described.
P2‐048: HUMANIZED PMN310 SHOWS ENHANCED THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL BY BINDING TOXIC LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT Aβ OLIGOMERS WHILE AVOIDING ARIA‐RELATED BINDING TO Aβ DEPOSITS IN AD PATIENT BRAINS (2018)

Advances in the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis suggest that progressive neurodegeneration is not caused by plaque burden but rather by low molecular weight (LMW) soluble toxic amyloid-beta oligomers (AßO). Binding of Aß monomers and/or fibrils by therapeutic antibodies has been associated with suboptimal efficacy and adverse events in clinical trials. To achieve improved efficacy and safety, mouse monoclonal antibody PMN310 was raised against a conformational epitope predicted by computational algorithms to be exposed in toxic AßO but not on monomers or fibrils. Previous in vitro and in vivo testing showed that muPMN310 selectively binds synthetic AßO and neutralizes their toxicity (AAIC 2017, abstract 14543). Here, key validation studies with material from AD patients were conducted to assess the ability of PMN310 to achieve greater therapeutic potency vs other Aß-directed antibodies. Frozen human AD brain sections were stained with PMN310 and other Aß-directed antibodies to evaluate the degree of binding to parenchymal Aß plaque and vascular Aß deposits. Soluble human AD brain extracts were separated into LMW (<70kDa) and high molecular (HMW; >70kDa) fractions by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Antibody binding to SEC fractions was assessed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Clear binding of parenchymal and vascular Aß in AD brain was observed with aducanumab and bapineuzumab, consistent with the clinical occurrence of ARIA associated with these antibodies. By comparison, no immunoreactivity of Aß deposits was observed with PMN310. SEC fractionation of soluble human AD brain extracts gave rise to a reproducible pattern with LMW peaks consistent with the presence of reportedly toxic dimers, tetramers and dodecamers. SPR analysis showed preferential binding of PMN310 to the toxic oligomer-enriched LMW fraction compared to aducanumab and bapineuzumab. The binding response of humanized PMN310 for the LMW fraction was ∼1.5-2 fold greater than that obtained with aducanumab. Results obtained with AD patient material suggest that PMN310 is likely to achieve greater therapeutic potency compared to other Aß-directed antibodies due to: 1) Selective targeting of soluble toxic LMW oligomers, and 2) Reduced risk of ARIA allowing for safe administration of higher doses of antibody. Humanized PMN310 is currently in preclinical development.
Iron-catalyzed oxidation of Trp residues in low-density lipoprotein (2011)

The mechanisms of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are not well defined, but epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that iron-catalyzed processes may contribute to atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that iron-catalyzed oxidations of LDLs in vitro produce diagnostic biomarkers of oxidation of the apolipoprotein that could be applied to studies in vivo. LDLs were oxidized in the presence of Fe2+, EDTA, and ascorbic acid for up to 40 h. Following delipidation and trypsin digestion, the peptides were separated by HPLC, with four peaks detected at 365 nm, whereas none were observed in peptides from unoxidized LDLs. The peptides were identified by MALDI-QTOF mass spectrometry as IVQILP(W+4) EQNEQVK, IYSL(W+4)EHSTK, FEGLQE(W+4)EGK, and YH(W+4)EHTGLTLR, with (W+4) rather than the W residues of the unoxidized protein. The mass gains (+4 increase in m/z in tryptophan, W) and absorbance at 365 nm indicate kynurenines, which were trypsin-releasable peptides that are on the surface of LDL particles. All four peptides thus characterized share the sequence of WE. The preferential oxidation of W residues in WE sequences suggest contributions from the C-proximate glutamate residues in chelation of the iron species, thereby influencing site selectivities of oxidation. These kynurenine-containing peptides might serve as biomarkers of iron-mediated oxidations in vivo.
Interpreting written how-to instructions (2009)

Written instructions are a common way of teaching people how to accomplish tasks on the web. However, studies have shown that written instructions are difficult to follow, even for experienced users. A system that understands human-written instructions could guide users through the process of following the directions, improving completion rates and enhancing the user experience. While general natural language understanding is extremely difficult, we believe that in the limited domain of howto instructions it should be possible to understand enough to provide guided help in a mixed-initiative environment. Based on a qualitative analysis of instructions gathered for 43 web-based tasks, we have formalized the problem of understanding and interpreting how-to instructions. We compare three different approaches to interpreting instructions: a keyword-based interpreter, a grammar-based interpreter, and an interpreter based on machine learning and information extraction. Our empirical results demonstrate the feasibility of automated how-to instruction understanding. 1
Deficient autophagy in microglia impairs synaptic pruning and causes social behavioral defects (2016)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by various genetic and environmental factors that result in synaptic abnormalities. ASD development is suggested to involve microglia, which have a role in synaptic refinement during development. Autophagy and related pathways are also suggested to be involved in ASDs. However, the precise roles of microglial autophagy in synapses and ASDs are unknown. Here, we show that microglial autophagy is involved in synaptic refinement and neurobehavior regulation. We found that deletion of atg7, which is vital for autophagy, from myeloid cell-specific lysozyme M-Cre mice resulted in social behavioral defects and repetitive behaviors, characteristic features of ASDs. These mice also had increases in dendritic spines and synaptic markers and altered connectivity between brain regions, indicating defects in synaptic refinement. Synaptosome degradation was impaired in atg7-deficient microglia and immature dendritic filopodia were increased in neurons co-cultured with atg7-deficient microglia. To our knowledge, our results are the first to show the role of microglial autophagy in the regulation of the synapse and neurobehaviors. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for more comprehensive studies of microglial autophagy in ASDs and the development of putative therapeutics.
Laboratory Computer for the High Speed Analysis of High and Low Alloy Steel (1974)

The evaluation of data is presented for routine work in an x-ray fluorescence analysis spectral laboratory. The plotting of calibration and correction curves for x-ray fluorescence analysis of steels with high and low alloy content is described.
Modeling, identification, and control of a pneumatically actuated, force controllable robot (1998)

Focuses on modeling and control of a light-weight and inexpensive pneumatic robot that can be used for position tracking and for end-effector force control. Unlike many previous controllers, our approach more fully accounts for the nonlinear dynamic properties of pneumatic systems such as servovalve flow characteristics and the thermodynamic properties of air compressed in a cylinder. We show with theory and experiments that pneumatic actuators can rival the performance of more common electric actuators. Our pneumatic robot is controlled by extending existing manipulator control algorithms to handle the nonlinear flow and compressibility of air. The control approach uses the triangular form of the coupled rigid body and air flow dynamics to establish path tracking. In addition to the trajectory tracking control law, a hybrid position/force control algorithm is developed. The experimental results indicate that the tip forces on the robot can be controlled without the need for an expensive force/torque sensor usually required by electric motors driven systems.
Abstract 2589: The P110 subunit of PI3-K is a therapeutic target of acacetin in skin cancer. (2013)

Abstract Verifying potential target proteins of phytochemicals is important for explaining their health benefits. In the present study, we examined the chemopreventive effect and molecular target of acacetin, which is a flavonoid from Robinia Psuedoacacia also known as Black Locust. Treatment with acacetin significantly inhibits EGF-induced transformation of JB6 P+ cells. Western blot assay results revealed that acacetin suppresses EGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt/p70S6K, which is a well-known downstream signaling molecule of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). In vitro kinase and pull-down assay results showed that acacetin significantly inhibits PI3-K activity by direct binding. Additionally, acacetin also attenuated EGF-induced PI3-K activity and binds with PI3-K in JB6 P+ cells. Acacetin showed significant effects against anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth in cells displaying higher PI3-K activity compared with those exhibiting lower PI3-K activity. Binding assay data and computational modeling showed that acacetin binds in an ATP-competitive manner with the p110 kinase domain of PI3-K and interacts with Val828, Glu826 Asp911 Trp760, Ile777, Ile825, Tyr813, Ile910 and Met900. Acacetin reduced SK-MEL-28 xenograft tumor growth and phosphorylation of Akt in vivo. Overall, these results indicate that acacetin is an ATP competitive PI3-K inhibitor and might be a promising chemopreventive agent targeting PI3-K activity. Citation Format: Jon Eun Kim, Sung Keun Jung, Sanguine Byun, Sung-Young Lee, Myoung Ok Kim, Tae Gyu Lim, Ann M. Bode, Hyong Joo Lee, Ki Won Lee, Zigang Dong. The P110 subunit of PI3-K is a therapeutic target of acacetin in skin cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2589
System level performance of millimeter-wave access link for outdoor coverage (2013)

The increased demand on data and the scarcity of available bandwidth motivate research for new technologies beyond 4G. In this paper we provide a system level study of a new cellular architecture that incorporates millimeter wave technology (60 GHz) for the access link. A system level simulation is carried out for a university campus and an urban environment and the sensitivity to various design parameters has been studied. The objective of such a system is to provide up to 500X the wireless network capacity that is delivered today without a significant increase in energy or deployment costs.