gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Yield and Other Agronomic Traits in an Elite Breeding Population of Tropical Rice (Oryza sativa) (2015)

Genome-wide association mapping studies (GWAS) are frequently used to detect QTL in diverse collections of crop germplasm, based on historic recombination events and linkage disequilibrium across the genome. Generally, diversity panels genotyped with high density SNP panels are utilized in order to assay a wide range of alleles and haplotypes and to monitor recombination breakpoints across the genome. By contrast, GWAS have not generally been performed in breeding populations. In this study we performed association mapping for 19 agronomic traits including yield and yield components in a breeding population of elite irrigated tropical rice breeding lines so that the results would be more directly applicable to breeding than those from a diversity panel. The population was genotyped with 71,710 SNPs using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and GWAS performed with the explicit goal of expediting selection in the breeding program. Using this breeding panel we identified 52 QTL for 11 agronomic traits, including large effect QTLs for flowering time and grain length/grain width/grain-length-breadth ratio. We also identified haplotypes that can be used to select plants in our population for short stature (plant height), early flowering time, and high yield, and thus demonstrate the utility of association mapping in breeding populations for informing breeding decisions. We conclude by exploring how the newly identified significant SNPs and insights into the genetic architecture of these quantitative traits can be leveraged to build genomic-assisted selection models.
Frequency domain feature extraction for power quality disturbance classification (2013)

In this paper, a novel feature extraction algorithm for power quality (PQ) disturbance signal classification is proposed based on extracting spectral features from Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. The spectral domain feature extraction offers the ability to detect and localize transient events and thereby classify different power quality disturbance signals or events. For optimal feature set selection, a novel technique of selecting significant DCT coefficients is proposed, which in addition to offering feature dimensionality reduction, results in high within-class-compactness and between-class-separation. For the classification purpose, an Euclidean distance-based classifiers has been employed upon the proposed feature space. Seven types of PQ disturbance signals have been considered and extensive simulations have been carried out, which show that the extracted features provide a very high classification accuracy at a low computational burden, even with a very simple distance-based classifier.
Feasibility of a novel 3D shape measurement technique for test specimens subjected to bird strike using a printed line pattern (2013)

The in-house validation of finite element models for bird strike events is currently done by experimental tests on flat plates. The high displacement speeds in these kind of experiments demand a low shutter speed of the high speed camera (up to 1/50000 s). This requires sufficient lighting which is not always possible. The regions with high displacement speeds, therefore, often result in blurry images. In this case, a line pattern to estimate the shape of the plate during test provides major advantages over a speckle pattern in terms of reconstruction and optimization of the blurry regions. In this work, a stereo vision technique is developed that reconstructs 3D shape maps using blurry images of deforming plates with printed line patterns. The resulting shapes can be used for the validation of numerical simulations. The only downside of the technique is that absolute displacements and strains cannot be measured, since a line pattern is not uniquely distinguishable in the direction of the lines.
Experimental and DFT Studies of the Conversion of Ethanol and Acetic Acid on PtSn-Based Catalysts (2004)

Reaction kinetics studies were conducted for the conversions of ethanol and acetic acid over silica-supported Pt and Pt/Sn catalysts at temperatures from 500 to 600 K. Addition of Sn to Pt catalysts inhibits the decomposition of ethanol to CO, CH4, and C2H6, such that PtSn-based catalysts are active for dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Furthermore, PtSn-based catalysts are selective for the conversion of acetic acid to ethanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate, whereas Pt catalysts lead mainly to decomposition products such as CH4 and CO. These results are interpreted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations for various adsorbed species and transition states on Pt(111) and Pt3Sn(111) surfaces. The Pt3Sn alloy slab was selected for DFT studies because results from in situ (119)Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy and CO adsorption microcalorimetry of silica-supported Pt/Sn catalysts indicate that Pt-Sn alloy is the major phase present. Accordingly, results from DFT calculations show that transition-state energies for C-O and C-C bond cleavage in ethanol-derived species increase by 25-60 kJ/mol on Pt3Sn(111) compared to Pt(111), whereas energies of transition states for dehydrogenation reactions increase by only 5-10 kJ/mol. Results from DFT calculations show that transition-state energies for CH3CO-OH bond cleavage increase by only 12 kJ/mol on Pt3Sn(111) compared to Pt(111). The suppression of C-C bond cleavage in ethanol and acetic acid upon addition of Sn to Pt is also confirmed by microcalorimetric and infrared spectroscopic measurements at 300 K of the interactions of ethanol and acetic acid with Pt and PtSn on a silica support that had been silylated to remove silanol groups.
The Effects of Alternative Electrical and Mechanical Stunning Methods on Hemorrhaging and Meat Quality of Broiler Breast and Thigh Muscles (1996)

Five trials were conducted to determine the effects of various alternative stunning and restraining methods on the quality of chicken broiler meat. The stunning methods used were electrical whole-body and head-only stunning with different voltages (25 vs 100 V) and frequencies (50 vs 200 Hz), and mechanical captive bolt stunning. Before being stunned, the broilers were restrained either by shackling them by the feet, restraining their heads while they were standing, or placing them in a cone. Convulsions during and after stunning were subjectively scored. At 1 d post-mortem, the pH, color, and the intensity and number of hemorrhages, of breast and thigh muscles were measured. Convulsions were, in order of increasing intensity, observed after whole-body stunning using 50 Hz, whole-body stunning using 200 Hz, head-only stunning, and captive bolt stunning. No differences in ultimate pH were measured. A consistent difference in color was observed between whole-body and head-only stunning. Head-only stunning resulted in darker and more red (P < or = 0.01) breast muscles. Head-only and captive bolt stunning resulted in hemorrhages that were located more distal in the breast muscle than those observed after whole-body stunning. Captive bolt stunning (in a cone) resulted in fewer (P < or = 0.01) hemorrhages in breast and thigh muscles than whole-body stunning (100 V, 50 Hz, shackled), and in a similar level of hemorrhaging as electrical head-only stunning (25 V, 200 Hz, in a cone).
Supplementary Figure 6 from Identification of ALDH1A3 as a Viable Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer Metastasis–Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Adhesion assay and migration assay using shALDH1A3 in MDA-468 cells&lt;/p&gt;
Active Dipoles, Electric Vector Potential and Berry Phase (2020)

To understand the creation of electromagnetic energy (or a photonic degree of freedom) from an external energy source, an electromotive force must be generated, capable of separating positive and negative charges. The separation of charges (free or bound) may be modelled as a permanent polarization, which has a non-zero electric vector curl, created by an external force per unit charge, sometimes referred as an impressed electric field. The resulting system forms an active physical dipole in the static case, or an active Hertzian dipole in the time dependent case. This system is the electrical dual of the magnetic solenoid described by a magnetic vector potential and excited by an electrical current. Correspondingly, the creation of an electric dipole, from the forceful separation of positive and negative charge, may be described by an electric flux density, which exhibits an electric vector potential and a magnetic current boundary source, within the frame work of two-potential theory without the need for the existence of the magnetic monopole. From this result we derive the Dual electric Berry phase and make the conjecture that it should be equivalent to the geometric phase that is described in modern electric polarization theory, which also describes the nature of the permanent polarization of a ferroelectric. This work gives a formal meaning to the electric vector potential that defines the etectric geometric phase, and determines that a permanent polarization output voltage has both a scalar and vector potential component, and we show that it must be considered to fully describe the nature of an active electric dipole. Additionally, we show that Faraday's and Ampere's law may be derived from the time rate of change of the Aharanov-Bohm phase and the DAB phase respectively, independent of the electromagnetic gauge.
Parathyroid tumor development involves deregulation of homeobox genes (2008)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene. Loss of the functional second copy of the MEN1 gene causes individuals to develop multiple endocrine tumors, primarily affecting the parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreas. While it is clear that the protein encoded by MEN1, menin, suppresses endocrine tumors, its biochemical functions and direct downstream targets remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that menin may act as a scaffold protein to coordinate gene transcription, and that menin is an oncogenic cofactor for homeobox (HOX) gene expression in hematopoietic cancer. The role of HOX genes in adult cell differentiation is still obscure, but growing evidence suggests that they may play important roles in the development of cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that specific HOX genes were regulated by menin in parathyroid tumor development. Utilizing quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR, we compared expression profiles of the 39 HOX genes in human familial MEN1 (fMEN1) parathyroid tumors and sporadic parathyroid adenomas with normal samples. We identified a large set of 23 HOX genes whose deregulation is specific for fMEN1 parathyroid tumors, and only 5 HOX genes whose misexpression are specific for sporadic parathyroid tumor development. These findings provide the first evidence that loss of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene is associated with deregulation of specific HOX gene expression in the development of familial human parathyroid tumors. Our results strongly reinforce the idea that abnormal expression of developmental HOX genes can be critical in human cancer progression.
Screening for Melanoma (2016)

Melanoma incidence and mortality have risen dramatically during this century inalmost all countries and, in particular, in fair-skinned populations (1,2). In theUnited States, in 1935, one’s estimated lifetime risk of disease was one in1500 (3). In the year 2000, the lifetime risk of melanoma was estimated at 1 in75 persons. In Australia, the lifetime risk has been estimated at 1 in 25 (3).Some have questioned whether these statistics truly reveal an alarming increasein disease or, in fact, are a sign of increased efforts at screening and diagnosingthe disease (4,5). Others do not hold this view (6). Some have suggested much ofthe increase has been in a non-metastasizing biologically benign form of mela-noma or simply in changes in the diagnostic criteria for melanoma by pathol-ogists (4,5). The implications of this debate on public health initiatives aresubstantial. In many countries, worldwide melanoma is of significant concernand in these countries public interventions are being conducted to promoteearlier detection and treatment of the disease. Are these efforts worthwhile orwould resources be better spent elsewhere? The answer depends not only onthe interventions themselves, but also on the true nature of the epidemic. Themost recent data on melanoma incidence suggests that while melanoma isbeing diagnosed earlier accounting for much of the increase in incidence, thepercent increase of localized tumors of all Breslow levels have increased sincethe late 1980s (7-9). Moreover, mortality has been increasing at rates thatwarrant concern (7), and higher mortality rates suggest that the increased inci-dence is not due to screening alone.
Xylose-containing common structural unit in N-linked oligosaccharides of laccase from sycamore cells (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTXylose-containing common structural unit in N-linked oligosaccharides of laccase from sycamore cellsNoriko Takahashi, Taeko Hotta, Hideko Ishihara, Masami Mori, Setsuzo Tejima, Richard Bligny, Takashi Akazawa, Satoshi Endo, and Yoji ArataCite this: Biochemistry 1986, 25, 2, 388–395Publication Date (Print):January 28, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 28 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00350a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00350a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Findings of the Shared Task on Offensive Language Identification in Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada (2021)

Detecting offensive language in social media in local languages is critical for moderating user-generated content. Thus, the field of offensive language identification in under-resourced Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada languages are essential. As the user-generated content is more code-mixed and not well studied for under-resourced languages, it is imperative to create resources and conduct benchmarking studies to encourage research in under-resourced Dravidian languages. We created a shared task on offensive language detection in Dravidian languages. We summarize here the dataset for this challenge which are openly available at https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/27654, and present an overview of the methods and the results of the competing systems.
Analysis of Archimedean Spiral Slot Antennas in Infinite Ground Planes Using the Theory of Characteristic Modes (2022)

The analysis of Archimedean spiral slots using the theory of characteristic modes is presented in this article. Purely magnetic characteristic modes are used to study the behavior of a spiral slot etched in an infinite ground plane. The effect of the spiral geometry parameters (slot width, separation between spiral slot arms, number of spiral turns, and inner spiral spacing) on the characteristic modes are investigated using the theory of characteristic modes. Based on the results of the characteristic mode analysis, guidelines are presented for selecting the appropriate slot dimensions for realizing a compact spiral slot assembly (miniaturization), multimode behavior and for improving the bandwidth of the purely magnetic characteristic modes. Additionally, analytical equations are presented for accurately predicting the resonant frequencies of the purely magnetic characteristic mode of the spiral slot antenna.
Characterization of the electrical resistance of carbon-black-filled silicone: Application to a flexible and stretchable robot skin (2010)

Providing robots with the capability of sensing their surrounding environment is an important feature that would lead to a more intuitive and safe physical human-robot interaction. This paper proposes a new design of homogeneous flexible and stretchable robot skin based on carbon-black-filled (CBF) silicone and conductive fabric that can sense multiple contact locations as well as applied pressure. CBF silicone has been already used in sensing technology but its piezoresistivity is still largely misunderstood. This particular behavior is investigated in this paper through a set of experiments conducted on isolated sensing cells. Using the results of these experiments, a model describing the variation of the resistivity in the CBF silicone as a function of the applied pressure is proposed. Based on this model, a simple way to accurately estimate the applied pressure in real time is demonstrated. Finally, using this improved knowledge of the behaviour of the CBF silicone, the fabrication of a fully functional sensor array is presented. The proposed design has the particularity of circumventing the well-known problem of cross-talk between sensing cells.
Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Botulinum Toxin, Ozone, and Lidocaine in Piriformis Syndrome (2022)

Background: Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a painful musculoskeletal condition characterized by a deep gluteal pain that may radiate to the posterior thigh and leg. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of ozone and BTX to lidocaine injection in treating piriformis syndrome that was resistant to medication and/or physical therapy. Study design: Between November 2018 and August 2019, we involved eighty-four subjects diagnosed with piriformis syndrome in a double-blinded, prospective, randomized comparative study to receive an ultrasound-guided injection of lidocaine (control group), botulinum toxin A, or local ozone (28 patients each group) in the belly of the piriformis muscle. Pain condition evaluated by the visual analog score (VAS) was used as a primary outcome, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) as a secondary outcome, before, at one month, two months, three months, and six months following the injection. Results: The majority (58.3%) of patients were male, while (41.7%) were female. At one month, a highly significant decrease occurred in VAS and ODI in the lidocaine and ozone groups compared to the botulinum toxin group (p < 0.001). At six months, there was a highly significant decrease in VAS and ODI in the botulinum toxin group compared to the lidocaine and ozone groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Botulinum toxin may assist in the medium- and long-term management of piriformis syndrome, while lidocaine injection and ozone therapy may help short-term treatment in patients not responding to conservative treatment and physiotherapy.
Prenatal Sonographic Features of Fetuses in Trisomy 13 Pregnancies (II) (2009)

Prenatal ultrasound is a powerful tool for detecting structural abnormalities in fetuses in trisomy 13 pregnancies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the prenatal sonographic features of trisomy 13 in the second and third trimesters, including holoprosencephaly, brachycephaly, microcephaly, Dandy-Walker complex and posterior fossa abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, neural tube defects, facial cleft, and micrognathia.
Association of genetic variants in the 3′UTR of HLA-G with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (2016)

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G is involved in reprogramming immune responses at fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy. We evaluated the genetic diversity of the 3' Un-Translated Region (UTR) of HLA-G, previously associated with HLA-G mRNA post-transcriptional regulation, in women with unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), with 2 pregnancy losses (RPL-2, n=28), or 3 or more pregnancy losses (RPL-3, n=24), and in 30 women with a history of successful pregnancy. Results showed in RPL-2, but not in RPL-3, women compared to controls: i) higher frequency of the 14bp Ins allele, in single and in double copy; ii) significantly lower frequency of DelG/X genotype, iii) reduced frequency of the UTR-2, and UTR-3 haplotypes; iv) higher frequencies of the UTR-5, UTR-7, and UTR-8 haplotypes. This pilot study supports the relevance of performing 3'UTR HLA-G genetic screening, not limited to a specific polymorphism, but considering the extended haplotypes, as a possible predictor of pregnancy outcome.
Cooperative Perception with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Connected Vehicles. (2020)

Sensor-based perception on vehicles are becoming prevalent and important to enhance road safety. Autonomous driving systems use cameras, LiDAR and radar to detect surrounding objects, while human-driven vehicles use them to assist the driver. However, the environmental perception by individual vehicles has the limitations on coverage and/or detection accuracy. For example, a vehicle cannot detect objects occluded by other moving/static obstacles. In this paper, we present a cooperative perception scheme with deep reinforcement learning to enhance the detection accuracy for the surrounding objects. By using deep reinforcement learning to select the data to transmit, our scheme mitigates the network load in vehicular networks and enhances the communication reliability. To design, test and verify the practical and resource-efficient cooperative perception framework, we develop a Cooperative & Intelligent Vehicle Simulation (CIVS) Platform where we integrate three software components: a traffic simulator, a vehicle simulator, and an object classifier. The simulation platform constitutes a unified framework to evaluate a traffic model, vehicle model, communication model, and object classification model. Simulation results show that our scheme decreases packet loss and thereby increases the detection accuracy by up to 12%, compared to the baseline protocol.
Studies of the Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Gas in Bulk Water (2007)

The thermodynamic properties of hydrogen gas in liquid water are investigated using Monte Carlo molecular simulation and the quasichemical theory of liquids. The free energy of hydrogen hydration obtained by Monte Carlo simulations agrees well with the experimental result, indicating that the classical force fields used in this work provide an adequate description of intermolecular interactions in the aqueous hydrogen system. Two estimates of the hydration free energy for hydrogen made within the framework of the quasichemical theory also agree reasonably well with experiment provided local anharmonic motions and distant interactions with explicit solvent are treated. Both quasichemical estimates indicate that the hydration free energy results from a balance between chemical association and molecular packing. Additionally, the results suggest that the molecular packing term is almost equally driven by unfavorable enthalpic and entropic components.