gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending Communication for Patients with Disorders of Consciousness (2012)

The results from 2 patients provide independent support of similar work by others with 3 T fMRI, and demonstrate broader clinical utility for these tests at 1.5 T despite lower signal-to-noise ratio. Based on the control results, mental calculation adds a robust imagery task for use in future studies of this kind.
e-Health innovation: time for engagement with the cardiology community (2012)

e-Health is a broad term addressing the use of information and communication technologies in the support of health and health-related fields including healthcare provision, health surveillance, and education.1 e-Health can be divided into four areas: 

1. telemedicine and telecare (including disease management services, remote patient monitoring, teleconsultation, homecare);

2. clinical information systems (electronic health records and decision support);

3. integrated regional and national information networks and associated e-referrals; and

4. cardiology registries and other non-clinical systems used for education, public health, and healthcare management.

Related terms also include m-health (‘mobile health’) building on the concept of mobile devices delivering health information such as drug and treatment options, screening patients, monitoring vital signs, providing direct care and patient education, and p-health (‘personalized health’) used to describe wearable micro- and nano-technologies with sensors, actuators, and ‘smart’ fibres to help facilitate personalized health and social care decision making and delivery.2 In 2010, COCIR, the European Coordination Committee of the Radiological, Electromedical and Healthcare IT Industry, established a dictionary of telemedicine terms to reduce the uncertainty surrounding the overlapping terms and concepts.3

e-Health can provide innovative solutions addressing problems in ageing societies with increasing numbers of citizens living with chronic conditions, limited healthcare funding, and personnel. It can support the strong political drive to move care closer to patients' homes and away from specialist centres. Technological innovation has brought e-health services that enable co-operation, information sharing, and decision support based on good practices and emerging evidence-based guidelines. However, social and technological issues hinder healthcare systems from reaping the benefits of wide adoption. Too often e-health services are technology-driven and health professionals have been resistant to their deployment and mainstream adoption, considering them ‘solutions seeking a problem’. Concern is raised about the risk of medicine becoming depersonalized, rather than e-health being considered as an aid to …
Use of leaf enriching harvesting methods to increase the yield of leaf protein concentrate from lucerne (1979)

Abstract A prototype leaf stripping machine and a conventional forage harvester with a raised header were used to obtain high protein lucerne (alfalfa) fractions. The stripped lucerne leaves and lucerne tops contained 26.2 and 27.2% protein, respectively. Pilot‐scale extraction of the ground leaves and the ground tops resulted in leaf protein concentrate (LPC) yields of 18.8 and 20.0%, respectively, compared with 12.8 and 15.7% for the appropriate whole lucerne control. LPC yields as high as 27.4% were obtained by the addition of lucerne solubles to the lucerne tops prior to grinding. Low LPC yields (4.0–8.0%) were obtained from the lucerne stem fraction. After processing, the press cake fraction from the leaf‐enriched feed materials still contained over 17% protein.
Effect of sequential versus continuous irradiation of a light-cured resin composite on shrinkage, viscosity, adhesion, and degree of polymerization. (1998)

The two-step light-curing approach, using different intensity distributions during polymerization, does not affect shrinkage, surface hardness, or residual monomer concentrations compared with the conventional continuous curing approach if the total irradiation dose is high enough to achieve complete polymerization. Adhesion values may be improved with the two-step approach over the continuous approach. The study supported the theory that material flow is higher using the two-step approach, which reduces contraction stresses in the cavity during polymerization and preserves marginal integrity.
An intermolecular potential function for the methanol dimer from a b i n i t i o calculations (1979)

An intermolecular potential function for the methanol dimer has been derived from ab initio molecular orbital calculations with a minimal basis set (STO-3G). Dimerization energies for 270 orientations of the dimer chosen using the energy distributed random geometries method were fit to a 12-6-1 potential function. A five particle model was adopted for each monomer consisting of the oxygen atom with two pseudotone pairs, the hydroxyl hydrogen and the methyl group. The fit for bound geometries is excellent, while repulsive points are less well represented owing to the simple model for the methyl group. By analyzing accurate potential functions for the methane and water dimers, corrections for the methyl–methyl and oxygen–hydrogen dispersion interactions are estimated. The modified potential has proven successful in simulations of liquid methanol.
Resistant dextrin protects against pathological bone loss in ovariectomized rats and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. (2022)

These findings suggest that RD ameliorates osteoporosis in OVX rats by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. RD suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis possibly through modulating Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. These data indicate that a dietary supplement of RD might serve as an intervention strategy for menopausal osteoporosis.
Postnatal transmission of HIV-1 after a maternal short-course zidovudine peripartum regimen in West Africa (2003)

PT occurred at a similar rate between arms and therefore reduced the long-term overall efficacy of this peripartum zidovudine regimen at age 24 months. The higher risk of PT among women with low CD4 cell count emphasizes the importance of identifying interventions to prevent PT for these women.
Safety and Trustworthiness of Deep Neural Networks: A Survey (2018)

In the past few years, significant progress has been made on deep neural networks (DNNs) in achieving human-level intelligence on several long-standing tasks. With broader deployment of DNNs on various applications, the concerns on its safety and trustworthiness have been raised, particularly after the fatal incidents of self-driving cars. Research to address these concerns is very active, with many papers released in the past few years. This survey paper is to conduct a review of the current research efforts on making DNNs safe and trustworthy, by focusing on four aspects, i.e., verification, testing, adversarial attack and defence, and interpretability. In total, we surveyed 178 papers, most of which were published in the most recent two years, i.e., 2017 and 2018.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Focus on Platelets and Prothrombotic Risk (2011)

While the inflammatory state of PCOS could play a role in triggering an increased platelet count, the persistent thrombocytosis in our patients did not correlate with the CRP levels. Therefore, from an etiological perspective, thrombocytosis appears to be at least partially independent from the classical pathways of systemic inflammation. The preexisting procoagulant state in PCOS due to coagulation cascade stimulation, platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction may be further fueled by the presence of persistent thrombocytosis. We propose a unique model for cardiovascular risk assessment in women with PCOS to include not only the classic cardiovascular risk factors, but also the parameters related to the proinflammatory and procoagulant tendencies manifested in PCOS.
Thin film decoupling capacitors: a high frequency performance analysis (2003)

Parallel and floating plate decoupling capacitors, which exhibit extremely low effective series inductance, have been modeled and their high frequency performance simulated. Simulations compare well with measurement. The effects of various design variations on capacitor performance is reported, as are accurate equivalent circuit models which correctly describe the performance of these devices over a wide frequency range.
Towards Safe and Secure Autonomous and Cooperative Vehicle Ecosystems (2016)

Semi-autonomous driver assists are already widely deployed and fully autonomous cars are progressively leaving the realm of laboratories. This evolution coexists with a progressive connectivity and cooperation, creating important safety and security challenges, the latter ranging from casual hackers to highly-skilled attackers, requiring a holistic analysis, under the perspective of fully-fledged ecosystems of autonomous and cooperative vehicles. This position paper attempts at contributing to a better understanding of the global threat plane and the specific threat vectors designers should be attentive to. We survey paradigms and mechanisms that may be used to overcome or at least mitigate the potential risks that may arise through the several threat vectors analyzed.
Electron waveguiding in quantum wells, voltage- induced quantum wells, and quantum barriers (1991)

Recent experiments have produced ballistic electron transport over micron lengths in semiconductor 2-D electron gas (2DEG) systems. This has made possible the demonstration of electron devices that exhibit impressive optical like behavior. 1 - 3 In these devices, the quantum well at the 2DEG interface acts as a slab waveguide for ballistic electron waves. We show how finite- potential heterostructure wells, homostructure voltage-induced wells, and heterostructure barriers can act as electron slab waveguides. We find that the waveguiding in all these structures is described by a single dispersion relation and can occur at energies above all band edges. The guided-mode cutoffs, electron velocity, effective mass, density of states, and ballistic current density are determined. A multiple layer theory is developed to analyze wells and barriers with arbitrary potential energy profiles. The maximum ballistic guided current flowing in a given direction for a ten-monolayer Ga 0.75 Al 0.25 As/GaAs/- Ga 0.9 Al 0.1 . As waveguide is found to be 2.3 mA/μm of waveguide width. This relatively large value suggests that interconnecting multiple ballistic electron devices through a single slab waveguide may be feasible.
Alliance with EPR Effect: Combined Strategies to Improve the EPR Effect in the Tumor Microenvironment (2019)

The use of nanomedicine for cancer treatment takes advantage of its preferential accumulation in tumors owing to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The development of cancer nanomedicine has promised highly effective treatment options unprecedented by standard therapeutics. However, the therapeutic efficacy of passively targeted nanomedicine is not always satisfactory because it is largely influenced by the heterogeneity of the intensity of the EPR effect exhibited within a tumor, at different stages of a tumor, and among individual tumors. In addition, limited data on EPR effectiveness in human hinders further clinical translation of nanomedicine. This unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome in mice and humans necessitates novel approaches to improve the EPR effect. This review focuses on current attempts at overcoming the limitations of traditional EPR-dependent nanomedicine by incorporating supplementary strategies, such as additional molecular targeting, physical alteration, or physiological remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. This review will provide valuable insight to researchers who seek to overcome the limitations of relying on the EPR effect alone in cancer nanomedicine and go "beyond the EPR effect".
Characterization of Optical and Associated Properties of Marine Colored Dissolved Organic Material (CDOM) (2000)

Abstract : A long-term scientific goal of our research for ONR has been to develop an understanding of the physical and chemical processes affecting colored dissolved organic material (CDOM) and the resultant attenuation changes of ultraviolet and visible radiation in seawater, particularly in the coastal environment where complex variations of sources, sinks, and modification processes can result in dynamic and heterogeneous changes to the optical characteristics (attenuation, color) of the surface ocean . The goals of this work are to better characterize CDOM in seawater with respect to its molecular composition and to elucidate the effects of this composition on the optical properties of seawater.
Wide-angle impedance matching of phased-array antenna using overlapped subarrays (2013)

For phased array antennas, the active impedance of the radiating elements changes considerably with scan angle. Therefore it is ordinarily possible to match the active impedance at only one scan angle. In this paper, a microstrip patch phased array using overlapped subarrays is designed and simulated. It is found that by using overlapped subarrays good impedance matching over a wide range of scan angle can be achieved. Simulated results show that the investigated phased array has much better scan performance compared with conventional microstrip patch phased arrays.
A Novel Reaction for Annulation onto α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: W(CO)5·L Promoted Exo- and Endo-Selective Cyclizations of ω-Acetylenic Silyl Enol Ethers Prepared by 1,4-Addition of Propargyl Malonate to Enones (2001)

A highly useful method for five- and six-membered ring annulation onto alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones is described. 1,4-Addition of propargylmalonate to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones in the presence of silyl triflate gives 7-siloxy-6-en-1-yne derivatives in good yield. W(CO)(5).L-catalyzed cyclization of these substrates can be induced to give preferentially either exo- or endo-cyclized products in good yield simply by changing the reaction solvent. [reaction: see text]
Characterization of Immune Responses Induced by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein (GP) and Truncated GP Isoform DNA Vaccines and Protection Against Lethal Ebola Virus Challenge in Mice (2015)

In addition to its surface glycoprotein (GP), Ebola virus directs the production of large quantities of a truncated glycoprotein isoform (sGP) that is secreted into the extracellular space. We recently reported that sGP actively diverts host antibody responses against the epitopes that it shares with GP and thereby allows itself to absorb anti-GP antibodies, a phenomenon we termed "antigenic subversion." To investigate the effect of antigenic subversion by sGP on protection against virus infection, we compared immune responses induced by different prime-boost immunization regimens with GP and sGP DNA vaccines in mice and their efficacy against lethal Ebola virus challenge. Similar levels of anti-GP antibodies were induced by 2 immunizations with sGP and GP DNA vaccines. However, 2 immunizations with GP but not sGP DNA vaccine fully protected mice from lethal challenge. Boosting with sGP or GP DNA vaccine in mice that had been primed by GP or sGP DNA vaccine augmented the levels of anti-GP antibody responses and further improved protective efficacy against Ebola virus infection. These results show that both the quality and the levels of anti-GP antibody responses affect the efficacy of protection against Ebola virus infection.
Production Of Pure Enantiomers By Integrating (Continuous) Chromatography And Racemisation Reactions (2007)

Chemical processes most generally consist of a reaction step and a subsequent separation of the target product from unconverted educts and side products. This holds also for the production of enantiomers (i.e., optical isomers with a special importance for pharmaceuticals, flavours, etc.).\n\nHowever, since usually only one enantiomer has the intended physiological effect, it is highly desirable to combine enantioseparations with an interconversion (racemisation) of the undesired enantiomer. Ultimately, this would increase the maximum overall yield of the desired species from 50% to 100%.\nRacemisation reactions can be triggered, for example, by increased temperature, adjusting pH value, or by enzymes, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, respectively. Furthermore, several chromatographic techniques are available where the classical four-zone SMB process might represent a sub-optimal choice. Interesting alternatives are here SMB schemes with a different number of zones and single column processes like one-column SMB analogs, closed loop and steady state recycling, etc.\nObviously, the manifold options for reaction and separation lead to a multitude of possible process schemes that combine enantioseparation and racemisation of the undesired enantiomer. In this work, different integrated processes will be studied systematically, ranging from fully integrated chromatographic reactors (SMB and single column) to flowsheet-integrated schemes with racemisation in a recycle stream. Investigations are performed both model-based as well as experimentally for a model substance. The presentation will conclude with a comparison of the different processes and the derivation of design guidelines.
Catalyst‐Free Regio‐ and Stereospecific Synthesis of β‐Sulfonamido Dithiocarbamates: Efficient Ring‐Opening Reactions of N‐Tosyl Aziridines by Dialkyldithiocarbamates (2011)

Lord of the ring-opening! A metal-free strategy involving ring-opening of aziridines by the sodium salt of dialkyldithiocarbamate has been employed to give a variety of β-sulfonamido dithiocarbamates. The in situ generation of dialkyldithiocarbamates provided a simple, user-friendly, one-pot reaction that gives aziridine ring-opened products (see scheme; Ts=tosyl; R=alkyl; R1, R2=alkyl, cycloalkyl). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Pygmaeocins B and C (2013)

The first enantioselective total syntheses of pygmaeocins B and C have been accomplished using an efficient and highly diastereoselective intramolecular Heck cyclization for the construction of a quaternary stereogenic center and the functionalized A-ring of the natural products as the key step.
Diverse Effects of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Roadway In-Motion Electric Vehicle Charging (2023)

With the advent of dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) electric vehicle (EV) in-motion charging has caused many concerns to arise regarding the feasibility of such an infrastructure. These systems rely heavily on vehicle density levels, velocity of travel, and capacity limits of transmitter pads to determine the amount of electric load that could be present. In relation to electric power distribution systems, this can cause diverse effects to occur if not mitigated properly. This paper presents an approach to determine the mitigation strategy for electric load demands with an effective utilization of photovoltaic (PV) modules and battery energy storage system (BESS) on DWPT. Test results demonstrate that load demands from a DWPT roadway generate rapid fluctuations in voltage magnitudes of approximately 10%, which is shown to decrease to 4.9% using our proposed approach.
Mutual Information Optimally Local Private Discrete Distribution Estimation (2016)

Consider statistical learning (e.g. discrete distribution estimation) with local $ε$-differential privacy, which preserves each data provider's privacy locally, we aim to optimize statistical data utility under the privacy constraints. Specifically, we study maximizing mutual information between a provider's data and its private view, and give the exact mutual information bound along with an attainable mechanism: $k$-subset mechanism as results. The mutual information optimal mechanism randomly outputs a size $k$ subset of the original data domain with delicate probability assignment, where $k$ varies with the privacy level $ε$ and the data domain size $d$. After analysing the limitations of existing local private mechanisms from mutual information perspective, we propose an efficient implementation of the $k$-subset mechanism for discrete distribution estimation, and show its optimality guarantees over existing approaches.
Toward Bee Motion Pattern Identification on Hive Landing Board (2023)

The ability to predict bee behavior through visual analysis of their activity at the hive entrance provides valuable insight into the hive's condition. In this study, we present an algorithm for visual monitoring of bee behavior implemented based on open source tools. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to detect bees on the landing board of the hive. The YOLOv8m CNN detects bees with 0.97% mAP@0.5 and 0.65% mAP@0.5:0.95 mean average precision, respectively. Bee behavior types such as foraging, fanning, and washboarding are presented in heat and path maps. The speed patterns are used to identify the type of motion of the bees.
Non-negative sparse coding for human action recognition (2012)

We consider the problem of human action recognition using non-negative sparse representation of extracted features from spatiotemporal video patches. Our algorithm trains dictionaries for the calculation of a non-negative sparse representation for feature vectors and uses a linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) to distinguish between different actions. We evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques by using two human action datasets (KTH and IXMAS). In both cases, the proposed technique outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, achieving 100% accuracy on the KTH dataset.
Identification of PCDH1 as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness (2009)

PCDH1 is a novel gene for BHR in adults and children. The identification of PCDH1 as a BHR susceptibility gene may suggest that a structural defect in the integrity of the airway epithelium, the first line of defense against inhaled substances, contributes to the development of BHR.
Sound Source Localization Using Joint Bayesian Estimation With a Hierarchical Noise Model (2013)

The performance of sound source localization is often reduced by the presence of colored noise in the environment, such as room reverberation. In this study, a method for estimating the noise spatial covariance using a hierarchical model is proposed and its performance is evaluated. By employing the hierarchical model in joint Bayesian estimation, robust estimation of the covariance is expected with a relatively small amount of data. Moreover, a method of jointly estimating the number of sources is introduced so that it can be used for cases in which the number of active sources dynamically changes, for example, speech signals. The results of the experiments performed using actual room reverberation show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Supplementary Data from Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Venetoclax Monotherapy for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2023)

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kW-class Zig-Zag Active-Mirror Laser Amplifier with Jet Impingement Cooling (2015)

We developed a Yb:YAG Zig-Zag Active-Mirror laser amplifier with jet impingement cooling system for high average power laser systems. The output power of laser was beyond 1kW which was stable nearly 30 minutes.
Distortion in transformation groups (2006)

We exhibit rigid rotations of spheres as distortion elements in groups of diffeomorphisms, thereby answering a question of J Franks and M Handel. We also show that every homeomorphism of a sphere is, in a suitable sense, as distorted as possible in the group Homeo.S n /, thought of as a discrete group.