gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-situ TEM Observation of Phase Transformation Processes in Cu3Pt with a Long-Period Superstructure (1996)

In-situ TEM observations were carried out for phase transformation processes in Cu3Pt. For the transformation process from L12−S to (Ll2−S + A1), the specimens of L12−S were heated in a microscope at 823 and 859 K, which are in the temperature range of (A1 + L12−S). It was clearly observed that the process is different depending on the annealing temperatures. On isothermal annealing at 823 K, the disordering started by the wetting of thermal antiphase boundaries (APB). On isothermal annealing at 859 K, major parts of the specimen became disordered in a few minutes with the remaining regions of the ordered phase growing afterwards. The kinetics of the phase transformations were discussed in terms of free energy of the alloy system. For the process from L12 to (A1 + L12−S), the L12 specimen was heated at elevated temperatures up to (A1 + L12−S). The observations clarified that the transformation process from L12 to L12−S proceeds by wrinkling certain parts of thermal APBs in L12. It was also revealed that L12 is not directly decomposed to (A1 + L12−S) but via a state of a homogeneous L12−S
Photogeneration Mechanism and Exciton Binding Energy in Phenylenevinylene Polymers (1997)

We report measurements in a substituted phenylenevinylene polymer where we correlate the reduction of exciton population with the reduction of photoconductivity. These illustrate that the photogenerated carriers derive primarily from exciton dissociation in what is probably an intrinsic process. Excitons which survive several picoseconds do not eventually dissociate and contribute to photoconductivity, presumably reflecting a binding strength large compared to thermal energies.
A self-supported porous WN nanowire array: an efficient 3D electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (2017)

A clean N<sub>2</sub>-plasma was employed to develop self-supported porous tungsten nitride nanowires on carbon cloth (WN NW/CC) as an efficient 3D electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. The resulting catalyst gives a high activity and outstanding stability in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
Near-Ultraviolet Evanescent-Wave Absorption Sensor Based on a Multimode Optical Fiber (1998)

Fiber-optic near-ultraviolet evanescent-wave sensors have been constructed, and their feasibility for practical applications has been demonstrated. The sensors, used for the detection of ozone near the 254-nm peak of the Hartley absorption band, were fabricated from coiled segments of low-cost multimode plastic-clad silica optical fibers. The sensing sections were produced alternatively by stripping only the protective jacket from the fiber to expose the gas-permeable silicone cladding or by stripping the jacket and the cladding to expose the bare-silica fiber core. Response characteristics are given, including sensitivity to ozone, reversibility, and aging effects. The useful lifetime was unacceptably short for the sensor that employed the bare-silica core, whereas the exposed-cladding sensor demonstrated good stability over the entire two-month period of investigation. The latter, more useful sensor demonstrated a linear response to ozone over the range 0.02-0.35 vol% and a reversible response with a time constant on the order of 1 min. Differences in ozone absorption spectra obtained in the transmission and evanescent-wave modes are discussed. Projected applications of the new exposed-cladding sensor include ozone determination in water-treatment processes and ozone production plants.
Hybrid Adaptive Clock Management for FPGA Processor Acceleration (2015)

As FPGAs speed, power efficiency, and logic capacity are increasing, so does the number of applications which make use of FPGA processors. However, due to placement and routing constraints, FPGA processors instruction delay balancing is a real challenge, especially when the implementation approaches the FPGA resource capacity. Consequently, even though some instructions can operate at high frequencies, the slow instructions determine the processor clock period, resulting in the underutil-isation of the processor potential. However, the fast instructions latent performance may be harnessed through Adaptive Clock Management (ACM), i.e., by dynamically adapting the clock frequency such that each instruction gets sufficient time for correct completion. Up to date, ACM augmented FPGA processors have been proposed based on Clock Multiplexing (CM), but they suffer from long clock switching delays, which could nullify most of the ACM potential performance gain. This paper proposes an effective FPGA tailored clock manipulation approach able to leverage the ACM potential. We first evaluate Clock Stretching (CS), i.e., the temporary clock period augmentation, as a CM alternative in FPGA processor designs and introduce an FPGA specific CS circuit implementation. Subsequently, we evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of the two techniques and propose a Hybrid ACM, which monitors the processor instruction stream and determines the optimal adaptive clocking strategy in order to provide the maximum speedup for the executing program. Given that CS has very low latency at the expense of limited accuracy and dynamic range we rely on it when the program requires frequent clock period changes. Otherwise we utilise CM, which is rather slow but enables the FPGA processor operation at the edge of its hardware capabilities. We evaluate our proposal on a vector processor mapped on a Xilinx Zynq FPGA. Our experiments indicate that on Sum of Squared Differences algorithm, Neural network, and FIR filter execution traces the hybrid ACM provides up to 14% performance increase over the CM based ACM.
Accommodating High Churchmen: The Clergy of Sussex, 1700-1745 (1998)

Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- The high-church ethos and its development -- High churchmanship in Sussex, 1688-1734 -- Patronage, politics, and churchmanship : wooing the clergy, 1715-34 -- Toryi high churchmanship, and the election of 1734 -- The clergy and the end of To opposition in Sussex, 1740-46 -- Conclusion -- Selected bibliography -- Inde
Prediction of Chromatographic Elution Order of Analytical Mixtures Based on Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationships and Multi-Objective Optimization (2020)

Prediction of the retention time from the molecular structure using quantitative structure-retention relationships is a powerful tool for the development of methods in reversed-phase HPLC. However, its fundamental limitation lies in the fact that low error in the prediction of the retention time does not necessarily guarantee a prediction of the elution order. Here, we propose a new method for the prediction of the elution order from quantitative structure-retention relationships using multi-objective optimization. Two case studies were evaluated: (i) separation of organic molecules in a Supelcosil LC-18 column, and (ii) separation of peptides in seven columns under varying conditions. Results have shown that, when compared to predictions based on the conventional model, the relative root mean square error of the elution order decreases by 48.84%, while the relative root mean square error of the retention time increases by 4.22% on average across both case studies. The predictive ability in terms of both retention time and elution order and the corresponding applicability domains were defined. The models were deemed stable and robust with few to no structural outliers.
[Lumbar disk herniation treated by microsurgery]. (1999)

Microsurgical technique was applied in 46 cases of lumbar disc herniation in the years 1993-1994. The group comprised 17 women and 29 men aged 17-46 years (mean age 39.54 +/- 8.72). Sciatic pain was present in 39 (85%) cases, in the remaining ones low back pain was the main symptom. Neurological deficit signs were noted in 21 (46%) cases. The authors discuss the indications to microdiscectomy, the microsurgical technique and outcomes. Microdiscectomy was carried out in cases selected strictly according to the result of neurological examination and radiological findings X-ray of lumbosacral region in 46 cases (100%), myelography in 11 (24%), CT in 4 (9%) and MRI in 31 (67%). MRI served for evaluation of signal intensity, site and site of disc hernia. In 31 cases the operation was done in patients with recognized unilateral and one-level disc hernia. Full remission of complaints was noted in 45 patients during follow-up over 2 years.
Photoelectrochemical And Structural Behavior Of Manganese Oxide/N-Si Photoanodes (1985)

N-silicon photoanodes have been protected against photocorrosion, for use in photo-assisted water electrolysis photoelectrochemical cells, by chemically depositing a thin film of manganese oxide on the surface. Current-potential characteristics of the electrodes have been measured in 0.5 M K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution and in 0.2 M NaOH solutions. The onset potential for photocurrent in these electrolytes occur at + 1.1 V and + 0.56 V (vs NHE), respectively. The occurrence of photocurrent due to the photoevolution of oxygen was confirmed by pH dependence of onset potential and the appearance of gas bubbles on the electrode surface. When used in 0.5 M K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution, at ~ 1.1 mA.cm<sup>-2</sup> photocurrent density, the electrode has shown complete stability, for continuous illumination of ~ 650 hours. The surface analysis of the electrode surface shows that manganese in the manganese oxide is present in + 3 state. The use of electrode for oxygen evolution in aqueous solution changes the Mn<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> to MnO (OH) on the surface without affecting the bulk composition.
Query learning of derived ωω\omega-tree languages in polynomial time. (2019)

We present the first polynomial time algorithm to learn nontrivial classes of
languages of infinite trees. Specifically, our algorithm uses membership and
equivalence queries to learn classes of $\omega$-tree languages derived from
weak regular $\omega$-word languages in polynomial time. The method is a
general polynomial time reduction of learning a class of derived $\omega$-tree
languages to learning the underlying class of $\omega$-word languages, for any
class of $\omega$-word languages recognized by a deterministic B\{u}chi
acceptor. Our reduction, combined with the polynomial time learning algorithm
of Maler and Pnueli [1995] for the class of weak regular $\omega$-word
languages yields the main result. We also show that subset queries that return
counterexamples can be implemented in polynomial time using subset queries that
return no counterexamples for deterministic or non-deterministic finite word
acceptors, and deterministic or non-deterministic B\{u}chi $\omega$-word
acceptors.
 A previous claim of an algorithm to learn regular $\omega$-trees due to
Jayasrirani, Begam and Thomas [2008] is unfortunately incorrect, as shown in
Angluin [2016].
Serological specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids. (1989)

Six glycolipid fractions can be extracted from lipid crude extracts of Canetti type strains of M. tuberculosis. Among these fractions are two phenolglycolipids. The major component is a triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosate (PGL-Tb 1) and the second is a monoglycosyl diacyl phenolphthiocerol identical to mycoside B of M. bovis. Similar glycolipid compounds can also be found in wild strains of M. tuberculosis recently isolated from tuberculous patients. One of these compounds has been identified as PGL-Tb 1.
Rye heterochromatin in the somatic chromosomes of triticale in relation to grain shrivelling (2008)

Heneen, W. K. and Brismar, K. 1987. Rye heterochromatin in the somatic chromosomes of triticale in relation to grain shrivelling. —Hereditas 107 137–145. Lund, Sweden. lSSN 0018–0661. Received December 12,1984 Root tip mitosis was studied in four lines of hexaploid winter triticale, Lasko, AD 201, Sv 8008 and WW 31433, using C-banding. The chromosomes in karyotyped cells were designated as belonging to the R genome of rye or the A and B genomes of wheat. Some of the rye chromosomes lacked their terminal C-bands. The amount of heterochromatin present in rye chromosomes, judged by the number and size of terminal C-bands, was higher in Sv 8008 and WW 31433, which were also characterized by more pronounced grain shrivelling compared to Lasko and AD 201. A possible significance of an optimal content or distribution of heterochromatin in rye chromosomes is most likely only one factor among others that have bearing on grain shrivelling in triticale.
Indoor Air VOC Concentrations in Suburban and Rural New Jersey (2008)

Indoor VOC air concentrations of many compounds are higher than outdoor concentrations due to indoor sources. However, most studies have measured residential indoor air in urban centers so the typical indoor air levels in suburban and rural regions have not been well characterized. Indoor VOC air concentrations were measured in 100 homes in suburban and rural areas in NJ to provide background levels for investigations of the impact from subsurface contamination sources. Of the 57 target compounds, 23 were not detected in any of the homes, and 14 compounds were detected in at least 50% of the homes with detection limits of approximately 1 microg/m3. The common compounds identified included aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons from mobile sources, halogenated hydrocarbons commonly used in consumer products or from chlorinated drinking water, acetone and 2-butanone emitted from cosmetic products, and Freons. Typical concentrations were in the low microg/m3 range, though values of tens, hundreds or even thousands of microg/m3 were measured in individual homes in which activities related to specific sources of VOCs were reported. Compounds with known similar sources were highly correlated. The levels observed are consistent with concentrations found in the air of urban homes.
FITL and B-ISDN: a marriage with a future (1993)

A cost comparison for different broadband access network configurations in the context of fiber-in-the-loop (FITL) is presented. The basic architecture and features of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) passive optical network (APON) are described. The design objectives of each of the APON building blocks are clarified, and their relation to the system philosophy is indicated. The building blocks include systems for transport over the PON, operation of the user equipment, and interworking with existing networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Multigraph-Based Selective Update Method for the Efficient Solution of Dynamic Programming (2018)

We consider a class of nonlinear equations that are related to the numerical solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for dynamic programming. Equations of this class can be solved with a simple fixed-point iteration, however this method may have slow convergence. We present two main contributions for increasing the efficiency of the solution: a simple preconditioning, inspired by the Jacobi method, and a selective node update procedure that reduces the number of required elementary operations.
Influenza vaccination situation in Middle-East and North Africa countries: Report of the 7th MENA Influenza Stakeholders Network (MENA-ISN) (2018)

Participating countries concluded that despite an increase in vaccine uptake observed during the last few years, influenza vaccination coverage remains relatively low. Priority areas should be identified and action plans tailored to each country situation set-up to investigate the best way to move forward.
On smoothing techniques for bigram-based natural language modelling (1991)

The authors study various problems related to smoothing bigram probabilities for natural language modeling: the type of interpolation, i.e. linear vs. nonlinear, the optimal estimation of interpolation parameters, and the use of word equivalence classes (parts of speech). A nonlinear interpolation method that results in significant improvements over linear interpolation in the experimental tests is proposed. It is shown that the leaving-one-out method in combination with the maximum likelihood criterion can be efficiently used for the optimal estimation of interpolation parameters. In addition, an automatic clustering procedure is developed for finding word equivalence classes using a maximum likelihood criterion. Experimental results are presented for two text databases: a German database with 100000 words and an English database with 1.1 million words.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparative Study of Chemical Stability of a PK20 Opioid–Neurotensin Hybrid Peptide and Its Analogue [Ile9]PK20—The Effect of Isomerism of a Single Amino Acid (2022)

Chemical stability is one of the main problems during the discovery and development of potent drugs. When ignored, it may lead to unreliable biological and pharmacokinetics data, especially regarding the degradation of products' possible toxicity. Recently, two biologically active drug candidates were presented that combine both opioid and neurotensin pharmacophores in one entity, thus generating a hybrid compound. Importantly, these chimeras are structurally similar except for an amino acid change at position 9 of the peptide chain. In fact, isoleucine (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>) was replaced with its isomer <i>tert</i>-leucine. These may further lead to various differences in hybrids' behavior under specific conditions (temperature, UV, oxidative, acid/base environment). Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess and compare the chemical stability of two hybrid peptides that differ in nature by way of one amino acid (<i>tert</i>-leucine vs. isoleucine). The obtained results indicate that, opposite to biological activity, the substitution of <i>tert</i>-leucine into isoleucine did not substantially influence the compound's chemical stability. In fact, neither hydrolysis under alkaline and acidic conditions nor oxidative degradation resulted in spectacular differences between the two compounds-although the number of potential degradation products increased, particularly under acidic pH. However, such a modification significantly reduced the compound's half-life from 204.4 h (for PK20 exposed to 1M HCl) to 117.7 h for [Ile<sup>9</sup>]PK20.
Itu-T Ev-Vbr: A Robust 8-32 Kbit/S Scalable Coder For Error Prone Telecommunications Channels (2008)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008
High-energy optically pumped molecular lasers in the 13- and 16-μm regions (1979)

This paper describes the construction of an optically pumped laser device. The device utilizes a line-tunable CO2 TEA laser as a source to optically pump a cell which is capable of cooling candidate laser gases down to approximately 150 degrees K. Laser outputs of 750 mJ in the 13-microm region and 100 mJ in the 16-microm region are obtained by pumping NH3 and CF4 respectively with 10 J of CO2 laser radiation. The measured conversion efficiencies are 15% for NH3 and 3% for CF4. These lasers can be used to photodissociate polyatomic molecules and are attractive sources for practical laser isotope separation.
Therapeutic angiogenesis due to balanced single‐vector delivery of VEGF and PDGF‐BB (2012)

Therapeutic angiogenesis by delivery of vascular growth factors is an attractive strategy for treating debilitating occlusive vascular diseases, yet clinical trials have thus far failed to show efficacy. As a result, limb amputation remains a common outcome for muscle ischemia due to severe atherosclerotic disease, with an overall incidence of 100 per million people in the United States per year. A challenge has been that the angiogenic master regulator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces dysfunctional vessels, if expressed outside of a narrow dosage window. We tested the hypothesis that codelivery of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), which recruits pericytes, could induce normal angiogenesis in skeletal muscle irrespective of VEGF levels. Coexpression of VEGF and PDGF-BB encoded by separate vectors in different cells or in the same cells only partially corrected aberrant angiogenesis. In marked contrast, coexpression of both factors in every cell at a fixed relative level via a single bicistronic vector led to robust, uniformly normal angiogenesis, even when VEGF expression was high and heterogeneous. Notably, in an ischemic hindlimb model, single-vector expression led to efficient growth of collateral arteries, revascularization, increased blood flow, and reduced tissue damage. Furthermore, these results were confirmed in a clinically applicable gene therapy approach by adenoviral-mediated delivery of the bicistronic vector. We conclude that coordinated expression of VEGF and PDGF-BB via a single vector constitutes a novel strategy for harnessing the potency of VEGF to induce safe and efficacious angiogenesis.
Therapeutic Targeting of Myc (2010)

Protein-protein interactions between members of the Myc transcription factor network are potential targets of small molecule inhibitors and stabilizers. Diverse screening strategies, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence polarization, two hybrid and protein complementation assays have identified several lead compounds that inhibit Myc-Max dimerization and one compound that stabilizes the Max homodimer. Representative compounds interfere with Myc-induced transcriptional activation, Myc-mediated oncogenic transformation, Myc-driven cellular replication and DNA binding of Myc. For the best characterized compounds, specific binding sites have been determined, and molecular mechanisms of action have been documented. This knowledge of small molecule - protein interaction is currently applied to highly targeted approaches that seek to identify novel compounds with improved potency.
ET‐1 and NOS III gene expression regulation by plaque‐free and plaque‐prone hemodynamic conditions (2003)

Both plaque-free and plaque-prone hemodynamic environments induce an increase in the oxidative state of endothelial cells (ECs), whereas differential gene expression regulation was described in cells exposed to these conditions. In order to investigate the role of the increased oxidative state in flow-regulation of gene expression, we first exposed EC to non-pulsed unidirectional shear stress. These conditions only slightly increases ECs oxidative state and endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA expression, whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) mRNA level were significantly up-regulated. On the contrary, both ET-1 and NOS III gene expression were significantly induced in EC exposed to pulsed-unidirectional flow (plaque-free). Only ET-1 gene expression was up-regulated by oscillatory flow (plaque-prone). Moreover, use of an antioxidant only partially inhibited NOS III gene up-regulation by unidirectional flow, whereas it completely abrogated ET-1 gene up-regulation by unidirectional and oscillatory flows. Thus suggesting that mechanical forces regulate gene expression in ECs both via oxidative stress-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
在朝鲜上空的秘密侦察：子夜行动——一个美军飞行员的朝鲜战争回忆 (2003)

当副驾驶华莱士·燕西、导航员比尔·马丁示意我可以起飞后，我按下了四台J47-GE-15喷气式发动机的点火按钮，此时我自言自语道：“这样有用吗?”我们此次飞行的任务是驾驶这架尾编号为27，浑身漆黑的RB-45C狂风侦察机前往北朝鲜一个位于鸭绿江附近的工业中心侦察，我们将使用机上的雷达和光学相机为随后前去轰炸的B-29机群提供这个工业中心的地形图，但根据情报显示，