gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Remote Spatial Understanding by Transmitting Spherical Images via Video Chat Applications (2022)

Manufacturing functions are often performed by groups of engineers who cooperate and gather at work sites. However, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the movement and activities of groups of people have been restricted, especially in indoor spaces. This reduction in travel by engineers also implies a reduction in associated costs. Telepresence technology, which is studied in the field of virtual reality, can be used as a way to reduce travel. Telepresence allows users to engage with a site from a remote location as if they were present. Thus, engineers would be able to participate in a working group without the necessity of physically traveling to the site to cooperate with local manufacturing people. A variety of telepresence systems have been proposed; however, relatively few methods have been widely implemented compared with video chat applications that have recently become an established infrastructure in many companies. This is most likely because most proposed systems use robots, head-mounted displays, or dedicated multi-functional applications that require engineers to learn how to use them. One way to use a video chat application to understand a remote space is to have a remote participant move a camera used in a video chat application. In contrast, many VR social networking services use a viewing method with which users can change their viewing direction on the computer screen. In this study, we demonstrate that a system that allows users to rotate their viewing perspective on a laptop computer screen can provide an easier understanding of a virtual space than a system that requires a remote person to move a webcam. Based on these results, we propose a system that allows users to view a remote location on a laptop computer screen via a video chat application and an off-the-shelf spherical camera, and evaluate its usefulness.
Active fleet balancing in vehicle sharing systems via Feedback Dynamic Pricing (2013)

In the last few years, many Vehicle Sharing Systems (VSSs) have been widely promoted around the world as a sustainable urban transport paradigm. Such systems can be divided in two main categories: one-way VSSs and round-trip VSSs. This paper focuses on the issue of keeping the number of vehicles balanced over the stations in one-way VSSs. Specifically, the paper presents a novel approach called Feedback Dynamic Pricing (FDP), based on the modelling of a VSS as a dynamical system and aimed to control the fleet balancing by varying the price of the service in real-time. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a full-fledged simulator has been developed taking into account the stochastic nature of human decisions. The results obtained using controlled and uncontrolled VSSs are finally compared and discussed.
The power and the promise of restimulation‐induced cell death in human immune diseases (2010)

Controlled expansion and contraction of lymphocytes both during and after an adaptive immune response are imperative to sustain a healthy immune system. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of lymphocyte apoptosis are programmed to eliminate cells at the proper time to ensure immune homeostasis. Genetic disorders of apoptosis described in mice and humans have established Fas and Bim as critical pro-apoptotic molecules responsible for T-cell death in response to T-cell receptor restimulation and cytokine withdrawal, respectively. Emerging evidence prompts revision of this classic paradigm, especially for our understanding of restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) and its physiological purpose. Recent work indicates that RICD employs both Fas and Bim for T-cell deletion, dispelling the notion that these molecules are assigned to mutually exclusive apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, new mouse model data combined with our discovery of defective RICD in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) patient T cells suggest that RICD is essential for precluding excess T-cell accumulation and associated immunopathology during the course of certain infections. Here, we review how these advances offer a refreshing new perspective on the phenomenon of T-cell apoptosis induced through antigen restimulation, including its relevance to immune homeostasis and potential for therapeutic interventions.
QNR Optimization based Pansharpening (2008)

Quality Without Reference (QNR) index can be used to globally assess the quality of pansharpened images without the need of a reference high resolution multispectral (MS) image. The QNR index relies on local calculation of the Q4 index. Exploiting the local Q4 calculation property of the QNR index, we propose an injection model for pansharpening. The injection model determines the weight of extracted panchromatic (Pan) details that are to be added into the upscaled MS images to obtain the best QNR index. The QNR index calculates spectral distortion of the fused images with respect to the low resolution MS images and spatial distortion of the fused images with respect to the high resolution Pan image. Hence, the QNR optimized fused image is spectrally consistent with the low resolution MS image and spatially consistent with the high resolution Pan image.
Childhood Growth, IQ and Education as Predictors of White Blood Cell Telomere Length at Age 49–51 Years: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study (2012)

While these findings may be due to chance, in particular where differing associations were seen between males and females, they do provide evidence of early life associations with telomere length much later in life. Our findings of sex differences in the education association may reflect the sex differences in achieved education levels in this generation where few women went to university regardless of their intelligence. Our findings do not support the concept of telomere length being on the pathway between very early growth and later disease risk.
Making use of auditory models for better mimicking of normal hearing processes with cochlear implants: first results with the SAM coding strategy (2013)

Stimulation based on auditory modeling, or SAM, is a new speech-processing strategy for cochlear implants that we developed recently at Fraunhofer IDMT. SAM incorporates active cochlear filtering along with the mechanoelectrical transduction of the inner hair cells, so that several psychoacoustic phenomena are accounted for inherently. SAM was tested with a group of five CI users: We investigated speech perception in quiet and in the presence of noise or reverberation, pitch discrimination abilities (for pure tones and sung vowels), and consonant discrimination. We also asked for subjective quality rating for speech and music snippets. Tests were repeated with the everyday strategy of the implantees and results were compared. This paper presents the test results in detail and compares outcomes with those of the previously published simulation studies. Results are encouraging, although more tests would be needed to increase statistical significance.
Theoretical Study on Photophysical Properties of Bis-Dipolar Diphenylamino-Endcapped Oligoarylfluorenes as Light-Emitting Materials (2008)

Bis-dipolar emissive oligoarylfluorenes, OF(2)Ar-NPhs(2), bearing an electron affinitive core, 9,9-dibutylfluorene, as conjugated bridges and diphenylamino as endcaps, show great potential for application in organic light-emitting diodes. The various electron affinitive central aryl cores that include thiophene S,S‘-dioxide, dibenzothiophene S,S‘-dioxide, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 4,7-dithien-2-yl-2,1,3-benzothiazole, dibenzothiophene, and dibenzofuran produce a remarkable influence on their optical and electronic properties. In this contribution, we apply quantum-chemical techniques to investigate a series of bis-dipolar diphenylamino-endcapped oligoaryfluorenes, OF(2)Ar-NPhs(2). The geometric and electronic structures in the ground state are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and the ab initio HF, whereas the lowest singlet excited states are optimized with ab initio CIS. The maximal absorption and emission wavelengths are investigated by employing time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). As a result, HOMOs, LUMOs, energy gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities, and reorganization energies are affected by varying the electron affinitive cores in OF(2)Ar-NPhs(2). The absorption and emission spectra of this series of bis-dipolar oligoarylfluorenes also exhibit red shifts to some extent due to the electron-withdrawing property and the conjugated length of the electron affinitive cores. Remarkably, their calculated emission spectra can cover the full UV−vis spectrum (from 412 to 732 nm). Also, the Stokes shifes are unexpectedly large, ranging from 34 to 234 nm, resulting from a more planar conformation of the excited state between the two adjacent units in the oligoarylfluorenes. All the calculated results show that the oligoarylfluorenes can be used as hole and electron transport/injection materials in organic light-emitting diodes.
Map Management for Efficient Long-Term Visual Localization in Outdoor Environments (2018)

We present a complete map management process for a visual localization system designed for multi-vehicle long-term operations in resource constrained outdoor environments. Outdoor visual localization generates large amounts of data that need to be incorporated into a lifelong visual map in order to allow localization at all times and under all appearance conditions. Processing these large quantities of data is non-trivial, as it is subject to limited computational and storage capabilities both on the vehicle and on the mapping backend. We address this problem with a two-fold map update paradigm capable of, either, adding new visual cues to the map, or updating co-observation statistics. The former, in combination with offline map summarization techniques, allows enhancing the appearance coverage of the lifelong map while keeping the map size limited. On the other hand, the latter is able to significantly boost the appearance-based landmark selection for efficient online localization without incurring any additional computational or storage burden. Our evaluation in challenging outdoor conditions shows that our proposed map management process allows building and maintaining maps for precise visual localization over long time spans in a tractable and scalable fashion.
Biomasse im Vergleich zu den übrigen Verfahren der erneuerbaren Energienutzung (1995)

Durch energetische Nutzung von Biomasse kann ein relativ hohes Potenzial regenerativer Energieerzeugung erschlossen werden. Auch bei den Energie- und C02-Bilanzen bestehen meist Vorteile. Unter Kostenaspekten erweist sich die thermische Nutzung von festen Biobrennstoffen als die gunstigste Variante. Eine biogene Stromerzeugung kann jedoch nur unter besonderen Bedingungen mit der Wind- und Wasserkraftnutzung konkurrieren. Allerdings bestehen gegenuber der photovoltaischen Stromerzeugung drastische Kostenvorteile.
Beyond Gel Electrophoresis: Microfluidic Separations, Fluorescence Burst Analysis, and DNA Stretching (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBeyond Gel Electrophoresis: Microfluidic Separations, Fluorescence Burst Analysis, and DNA StretchingKevin D. Dorfman*, Scott B. King, Daniel W. Olson, Joel D. P. Thomas, and Douglas R. TreeView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota − Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States*Phone: (612) 624-5560. Fax: (612) 626-7246. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 4, 2584–2667Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2012Publication History Received30 May 2012Published online12 November 2012Published inissue 10 April 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3002142https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3002142review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9470Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Electric fields,Electrophoresis,Fluorescence,Genetics,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure from Venetoclax Cooperates with Ionizing Radiation to Attenuate Diffuse Midline Glioma Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Venetoclax Cooperates with Ionizing Radiation to Attenuate Diffuse Midline Glioma Tumor Growth
SafeFox: A Safe Lightweight Virtual Browsing Environment (2010)

The browser has become a popular attack vector for implanting code on computer operating systems. Equally critical, important sessions, such as online banking, must be protected from cross-site attacks from other concurrent sessions. In this work we describe an approach using lightweight virtualization to create a safe browsing environment, called SafeFox, to protect both the host and important browsing sessions from malicious Web content. With SafeFox, the browser runs in its own virtual environment (VE) in its own process namespace, file system, and IP address; furthermore, when browsing to a secure bookmarked site SafeFox automatically creates a new isolated lightweight virtual environment (VE) for the secure bookmarked site. In this paper, we present the architecture for SafeFox and demonstrate its low-overhead approach while analyzing its security properties. While the native platform of SafeFox is Linux, we have created a SafeFox virtual appliance to run on multiple platforms, including Windows.
Light emitting diodes based on GaN core/shell wires grown by MOVPE on n-type Si substrate (2011)

A report is presented on the fabrication of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on GaN core/shell wires on conductive substrates by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy. Catalyst-free GaN-based wires are grown spontaneously on 2-inch n-doped silicon substrates without any thick buffer layer. The LED wire heterostructure consists of an n-type GaN:Si core covered radially by five InGaN/GaN quantum wells and a p-type GaN:Mg shell. Macroscopic devices that integrate around 106 wire-LEDs have been obtained thanks to a simple, direct and full-wafer scale contacting process. For the first time, continuous-wave electrical injection at room temperature through the Si substrate into a cm2-chip of GaN-based core/shell wire-LEDs is successfully demonstrated, producing blue electroluminescent emission at 450 nm.
Diverse Beam Search: Decoding Diverse Solutions from Neural Sequence\n Models (2016)

Neural sequence models are widely used to model time-series data. Equally\nubiquitous is the usage of beam search (BS) as an approximate inference\nalgorithm to decode output sequences from these models. BS explores the search\nspace in a greedy left-right fashion retaining only the top-B candidates -\nresulting in sequences that differ only slightly from each other. Producing\nlists of nearly identical sequences is not only computationally wasteful but\nalso typically fails to capture the inherent ambiguity of complex AI tasks. To\novercome this problem, we propose Diverse Beam Search (DBS), an alternative to\nBS that decodes a list of diverse outputs by optimizing for a\ndiversity-augmented objective. We observe that our method finds better top-1\nsolutions by controlling for the exploration and exploitation of the search\nspace - implying that DBS is a better search algorithm. Moreover, these gains\nare achieved with minimal computational or memory over- head as compared to\nbeam search. To demonstrate the broad applicability of our method, we present\nresults on image captioning, machine translation and visual question generation\nusing both standard quantitative metrics and qualitative human studies.\nFurther, we study the role of diversity for image-grounded language generation\ntasks as the complexity of the image changes. We observe that our method\nconsistently outperforms BS and previously proposed techniques for diverse\ndecoding from neural sequence models.\n
Nonsurgical treatment of skin cancer with local delivery of bioadhesive nanoparticles (2021)

Keratinocyte-derived carcinomas, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), comprise the most common malignancies. Surgical excision is the therapeutic standard but is not always clinically feasible, and currently available alternatives are limited to superficial tumors. To address the need for a nonsurgical treatment for nodular skin cancers like SCC, we developed a bioadhesive nanoparticle (BNP) drug delivery system composed of biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol (PLA-HPG), encapsulating camptothecin (CPT). Nanoparticles (NPs) of PLA-HPG are nonadhesive NPs (NNPs), which are stealthy in their native state, but we have previously shown that conversion of the vicinal diols of HPG to aldehydes conferred NPs the ability to form strong covalent bonds with amine-rich surfaces. Herein, we show that these BNPs have significantly enhanced binding to SCC tumor cell surfaces and matrix proteins, thereby significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of intratumoral drug delivery. Tumor injection of BNP-CPT resulted in tumor retention of CPT at ∼50% at 10 d postinjection, while CPT was undetectable in NNP-CPT or free (intralipid) CPT-injected tumors at that time. BNP-CPT also significantly reduced tumor burden, with a portion (∼20%) of BNP-CPT-treated established tumors showing histologic cure. Larger, more fully established PDV SCC tumors treated with a combination of BNP-CPT and immunostimulating CpG oligodeoxynucleotides exhibited enhanced survival relative to controls, revealing the potential for BNP delivery to be used along with local tumor immunotherapy. Taken together, these results indicate that percutaneous delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent via BNPs, with or without adjuvant immunostimulation, represents a viable, nonsurgical alternative for treating cutaneous malignancy.
Membrane-Based Nanoscale Proteolytic Reactor Enabling Protein Digestion, Peptide Separation, and Protein Identification Using Mass Spectrometry (2003)

A miniaturized trypsin membrane reactor housed inside a commonly used capillary fitting is developed and demonstrated for enabling rapid and sensitive protein identification by on-line proteolytic digestion and analysis of protein digests using nano-ESI-MS and MALDI-MS. The design and assembly of the capillary fitting-based trypsin membrane reactor are straightforward and highly robust, without the need for expensive fabrication technology and procedures. The resultant protein digests can also be further concentrated and resolved using capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography or transient capillary isotachophoresis/zone electrophoresis prior to the mass spectrometric analysis in an integrated platform. By comparing these results with the results obtained from our previous studies using plastic microfluidics (Gao et al., Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 2648-2655), significant reduction in dead volume and sample consumption can be achieved using this newly developed tryptic digestion station. This nanoscale reaction system enables rapid proteolytic digestion in seconds instead of hours for a protein concentration of less than 10(-8) M, consumes very little sample (< or = 5 fmol), and offers capillary interfaces with various separation and mass spectrometry techniques. The ultrafast enzymatic turnover for attaining complete peptide coverage in protein identification is contributed by the highly porous structure of the membrane media, providing excessive trypsin loading while eliminating the constraints of diffusion-limited reaction kinetics.
Production in Bacteria and Characterization of Engineered Humanized Fab Fragment against the Nodal Protein (2023)

Drug development in recent years is increasingly focused on developing personalized treatments based on blocking molecules selective for therapeutic targets specifically present in individual patients. In this perspective, the specificity of therapeutic targets and blocking agents plays a crucial role. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their surrogates are increasingly used in this context thanks to their ability to bind therapeutic targets and to inhibit their activity or to transport bioactive molecules into the compartments in which the targets are expressed. Small antibody-like molecules, such as Fabs, are often used in certain clinical settings where small size and better tissue penetration are required. In the wake of this research trend, we developed a murine mAb (3D1) neutralizing the activity of Nodal, an oncofetal protein that is attracting an ever-increasing interest as a selective therapeutic target for several cancer types. Here, we report the preparation of a recombinant Fab of 3D1 that has been humanized through a computational approach starting from the sequence of the murine antibody. The Fab has been expressed in bacterial cells (1 mg/L bacterial culture), biochemically characterized in terms of stability and binding properties by circular dichroism and bio-layer interferometry techniques and tested in vitro on Nodal-positive cancer cells.
DECONSTRUCTIVE ECOFEMINISM: A JAPANESE CRITICAL INTERPRETATION (2000)

Abstract In this paper, I compare deconstructive ecofeminism and traditional Japanese worldviews, particularly those of Shinto. I identify similarities between the two at crucial points, and suggest that this implies considerable difficulties with deconstructive ecofeminism. Traditional Japanese worldviews, in particular those deriving from Shinto, are not unproblematic from the viewpoint of both ecology and feminism. Although deconstructive ecofeminists are eager to break through nature-women oppression, what they propose will not necessarily lead to what they want to create.
Attachment, morphology, and protein expression of rat marrow stromal cells cultured on charged substrate surfaces (1998)

Although surface charge has been shown to affect the adhesion and morphology of a variety of cell types, the interactions of bone marrow stromal cells with charged surfaces still remain unclear. A novel electrical stimulation system was used to investigate the interactions between rat bone marrow stromal cells and charged substrates in this study. A conductive and transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coating was used as an electret substrate. Rat marrow stromal cells were cultured on positive, negative, and uncharged ITO surfaces. Cell attachment, morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of osteopontin and collagen type III were assessed using histochemical staining, immunolabeling, and fluorescence microscopy. Voltages of 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 V applied to the substrates created surface potentials but were insufficient to decompose the media. On positively charged ITO, cell attachment was enhanced in serum-supplemented and serum-free media. Furthermore, decreases in cell spreading, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteopontin were observed in cells grown on the positively charged ITO. These data indicate that positively charged surfaces enhance cell attachment but suppress cell spreading and differentiation of rat marrow stromal cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Biomed Mater Res, 42, 117–127, 1998.