gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Virus-Infected Tobacco Leaves (1981)

The hypersensitive reaction of Samsun NN tobacco leaves to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was accompanied by a large increase in ethylene production, just before necrotic local lesions became visible. Normal and virus-induced ethylene production were both largely inhibited by 0.1 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine indicating that methionine is a main ethylene precursor.The contribution of methionine to ethylene production was estimated by labeling leaves with l-[U-(14)C]methionine and comparing the specific activities of methionine within and ethylene produced by the leaf. When taken up through the petiole, methionine was largely retained in the veins, leading to production of ethylene with a far higher specific activity in the veins than in the interveinal tissue. After TMV infection, ethylene production increased only in the interveinal tissue, resulting in a decrease in specific activity of the ethylene produced. In the interveinal tissue, the specific radioactivity of the ethylene was lower than expected if methionine were the only precursor. After labeling by vacuum infiltration, the specific activities of the ethylene produced by water- and TMV-inoculated leaves were both identical and in accordance with the specific radioactivity of methionine. Inasmuch as the content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid was increased severalfold two days after TMV infection, methionine can be considered to be the only ethylene precursor in healthy and in TMV-infected tobacco leaves.The increase in ethylene production after TMV-infection was not accompanied by an increased concentration of free methionine within the leaf. Compartmentation of methionine does not appear to be a regulating factor since labeled methionine supplied to the leaf by vacuum infiltration is equilibrated very rapidly with any methionine pool within the leaf cells.
The Time Expansion Chamber and Single Ionization Cluster Measurement (1979)

The time expansion chamber (TEC), a new type of drift chamber, allows the measurement of microscopic details of ionization. The mean drift time interval from subsequent single ionization clusters of a relativistic particle in the TEC can be made large enough compared to the width of the anode signal to allow the recording of the clusters separately. Since single primary electrons can be detected, the cluster counting would allow an improved particle separation using the relativistic rise of primary ionization. In another application, very high position accuracy for track detectors or improved energy resolution may be obtained. Basic ionization phenomena and drift properties can be measured at the single electron level.
Hepadnavirus integration: mechanisms of activation of the N-myc2 retrotransposon in woodchuck liver tumors (1992)

In persistent hepadnavirus infections, a distinctive feature of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is the coupling of frequent viral integrations into myc family genes with the rapid onset of primary liver tumors. We have investigated the patterns of WHV DNA insertion into N-myc2, a newly identified retroposed oncogene, in woodchuck hepatomas resulting from either natural or experimental infections. In both cases, integrated viral sequences were preferentially associated with the N-myc2 locus. In more than 40% of the woodchuck tumors analyzed, viral insertion sites were clustered in a 3-kb region upstream of N-myc2 or in the 3' noncoding region. Insertion of WHV sequences homologous to the human hepatitis B virus enhancers, either upstream or downstream of the N-myc2 coding domain, was associated with the production of normal N-myc2 mRNA or hybrid N-myc2-WHV transcripts, initiated at the normal N-myc2 transcriptional start site. Transient-transfection assays with different N-myc2-WHV constructs in HepG2 cells demonstrated that the viral enhancers could efficiently activate the N-myc2 promoter. These results, showing that cis activation of preferred cellular targets through enhancer insertion is a common strategy for tumor induction by WHV, emphasize the previously noted similarities between hepadnaviruses and nonacute oncogenic retroviruses.
Direct evidence of spin filtering across MnFe2O4tunnel barrier by Meservey-Tedrow experiment (2013)

A spin filtering effect has been evidenced in epitaxial MnFe${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$ tunnel barriers directly by Meservey-Tedrow experiments. The asymmetry of the Zeeman-split tunneling conductance curves of the superconducting Al spin analyzer in Pt(111)/MnFe${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$(111)/\ensuremath{\gamma}-Al${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$(111)/Al tunnel junctions revealed a positive spin-polarization (up to +9$%$), proving the potential of manganese ferrite for generation of a spin-polarized current. A negatively polarized spin filtering being expected theoretically, different mechanisms are discussed to explain both sign and amplitude of the measured spin-polarization.
A high resolution model for the aeronautical multipath navigation channel (2004)

In this paper we present the results of satellite navigation multipath channel measurements for aeronautical applications. For the most critical scenario - the final approach, we derived a statistical channel model which we describe in detail.
Transcatheter Retrieval of Dislodged Port-A Catheter Fragments: Experience with 47 Cases (2006)

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence and location of dislodged Port-A catheter fragments and the efficacy and safety of transcatheter retrieval of dislodged Port-A catheter in our hospital.
Materials and Methods: Forty-seven cancer patients, mean age 56 years old with 53.2% male, were referred to our catheterization laboratory for retrieval of fractured Port-A catheter, were enrolled from January 2005 to March 2006. The procedures were performed under hospital guidelines and the patients followed in the outpatient department for at least 1 month after procedures. The characteristics of all fractured Port-A catheters were recorded. The procedure-related clinical status was evaluated.
Results: The most common location of fractured catheter tip was found between the right atrium and inferior vena cava (11/47). Forty-six of the forty-seven (97.8%) dislodged catheters were successfully retrieval by the transcatheter method. Only one patient received surgical intervention because of failure to retrieve a dislodged catheter. Most of the procedures were performed with standard vascular tools (loop snares and pigtail catheters). In out experience, more sophisticated devices such as grasping forceps, baskets, or flexible triple grasping forceps have the drawback of limited valve compared to loop snare and even carry considerable risk of perforation. The complication rare of this procedure was fairly low (2/47, 4.3%), only one patient develop hematoma at right groin due to concomitant thrombocytopenia, and the other had flail of tricuspid valve damaged by a fragment passing though the valve.
Conclusion: The most frequent location of dislodged Port-A catheter was found to situate between the right atria and inferior vane cave, where it was technically easier to be removed by the endovascular approach, with few complications reported. Therefore retrieval of dislodged Port-A catheters by endovascular approach might be the first choice of treatment because it is both safe and effective.
Microbial community of the deep‐sea brine L ake K ryos seawater–brine interface is active below the chaotropicity limit of life as revealed by recovery of mRNA (2014)

Within the complex of deep, hypersaline anoxic lakes (DHALs) of the Mediterranean Ridge, we identified a new, unexplored DHAL and named it 'Lake Kryos' after a nearby depression. This lake is filled with magnesium chloride (MgCl2 )-rich, athalassohaline brine (salinity > 470 practical salinity units), presumably formed by the dissolution of Messinian bischofite. Compared with the DHAL Discovery, it contains elevated concentrations of kosmotropic sodium and sulfate ions, which are capable of reducing the net chaotropicily of MgCl2 -rich solutions. The brine of Lake Kryos may therefore be biologically permissive at MgCl2 concentrations previously considered incompatible with life. We characterized the microbiology of the seawater-Kryos brine interface and managed to recover mRNA from the 2.27-3.03 M MgCl2 layer (equivalent to 0.747-0.631 water activity), thereby expanding the established chaotropicity window-for-life. The primary bacterial taxa present there were Kebrit Deep Bacteria 1 candidate division and DHAL-specific group of organisms, distantly related to Desulfohalobium. Two euryarchaeal candidate divisions, Mediterranean Sea Brine Lakes group 1 and halophilic cluster 1, accounted for > 85% of the rRNA-containing archaeal clones derived from the 2.27-3.03 M MgCl2 layer, but were minority community-members in the overlying interface-layers. These findings shed light on the plausibility of life in highly chaotropic environments, geochemical windows for microbial extremophiles, and have implications for habitability elsewhere in the Solar System.
11β‐HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN MESENTERIC ARTERIES OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1993)

1. 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) activity in mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was determined and expressed as the percentage conversion of [3H]-corticosterone to [3H]-11-dehydrocorticosterone. 2. 11-HSD activity was significantly decreased in mesenteric arteries of both 4 and 9 week old SHR (8.4 +/- 0.8%, 5.0 +/- 1.5%, respectively) compared with WKY rats (12.4 +/- 0.6%, 15.8 +/- 0.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). 3. Total RNA from rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC) were prepared with selective precipitation in 3 mol/L LiCl/6 mol/L urea. The expression of 11-HSD mRNA was confirmed in the rat VSMC but its mRNA expression was not detected in EC, using northern blot analysis. 4. The results in this study indicate that 11-HSD in the vascular wall may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.
Aberrant expression of p53 gene product in malignant melanoma (1994)

According to the current concept of carcinogenesis, the alterations of p53 tumor suppressor gene have been the most frequently detected in both human cancer cell lines and cancer tissues freshly isolated. This study was conducted to investigate the p53 gene alteration in malignant melanoma. Nineteen tumor tissues were obtained from 19 patients with malignant melanoma and examined for the expression of p53 protein by immunohistochemical staining with mouse monoclonal anti-p53 antibody, NCL-p53-DO-7. Twelve out of 19 cases (63%) showed positive reactions for p53 protein: 26, 21 and 16% of which had low, intermediate and high reactivity, respectively. p53 alteration more frequently expressed in female (10/12) than male patients (2/7) with malignant melanoma (p < 0.05). The incidence of expression of p53 protein was compared according to the stages and the sites of tissue obtained. The positive rate for p53 protein was not significantly different between the stages. The positive rates for p53 protein were five out of five (100%), one out of two (50%) and six out of twelve (50%) in tissues obtained from the metastatic, lymph node, and primary sites, respectively. The difference in the positive rates, however, is not statistically significant. These results suggest that p53 gene is a frequent target for mutation in the development of malignant melanoma.
Click chemistry as a powerful and chemoselective tool for the attachment of targeting ligands to polymer drug carriers (2013)

Various click chemistry azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions were used to attach azide group-terminated peptides to polymer drug carriers in an effort to conjugate biologically active molecules with polymer drug carriers by directly binding unprotected peptides to these polymers. Three methods using click chemistry to conjugate the azide group-containing molecules with synthetic polymers were compared: (1) click chemistry with a Cu(I) catalyst in aqueous and organic solvents, (2) click reactions using ruthenium complex catalysts in DMF and (3) metal-free click chemistry based on a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) reactive group. The suitability of these reactions was verified for the non-covalent attachment of targeting moieties to these polymer carriers via peptide–peptide interactions. Moreover, RAFT polymerization was suggested for the synthesis of semitelechelic copolymers containing a single DBCO group at the polymer chain end and for the preparation of well-defined diblock copolymer drug carriers consisting of specific peptide and hydrophilic polymer blocks.
Isolated Limb Infusion as a Limb Salvage Strategy for Locally Advanced Extremity Sarcoma (2017)

Isolated limb infusion for extremity soft tissue sarcoma results in an objective response for half of the patients who are otherwise facing amputation, and offers prolonged limb salvage for the vast majority of patients. The procedure is well tolerated without serious complications.
Just Say No to ATOH: How HIC1 Methylation Might Predispose Medulloblastoma to Lineage Addiction (2008)

Hypermethylated in cancer-1 (HIC1) is a tumor suppressor frequently targeted for promoter hypermethylation in medulloblastoma, an embryonal tumor of the cerebellum. Recently, we showed that HIC1 is a direct transcriptional repressor of ATOH1, a proneural transcription factor required for normal cerebellar development, as well as for medulloblastoma cell viability. Because demethylating agents can induce reexpression of silenced tumor suppressors, restoring HIC1 function may present an attractive therapeutic avenue in medulloblastoma by exploiting an apparent addiction to ATOH1.
Cloning and Expression of FixA and FixB Genes and Their Role in the Formation of Dipicolinic Acid in Mycobacterium marinum CCUG 20988 (2015)

Background:: Dipicolinic acid (DPA) comprising 5-15% of the spore dry weight is important for spore stability and resistance properties. In some Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, an electron transfer flavoprotein, EtfA, acts in an incorporative way in DPA formation. Objectives:: The aim of this study was to explore if the fixA and fixB genes which are electron transfer flavoproteins could incorporate in DPA formation in Mycobacterium marinum CCUG 20988. Materials and Methods:: In this descriptive-analytic study, the fixA and fixB genes were PCR-amplified and ligated between the Nde I and Hind III sites of pET19b vector with ampicillin resistance gene in frame with an N-terminal T7-promotor and a C-terminal of 6-histidin tag and transformed into BL21-Codon Plus-RIL Escherichia coli competent cells. For over expression of fixA and fixB genes, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used. Also the direct interaction between dihydrodipicolinate acid (DHDPA) synthase and fixA and fixB proteins for DPA formation was investigated. Results:: Detectable DPA formation has been identified upon isopropyl-Î²-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction using fixA and fixB genes together. The amount of dipicolinic was about 32.8 and 49.2 Âµg/mL acids in LB and M9 media, respectively. Conclusions:: It can be concluded that both fixA and fixB genes as electron transfer flavoproteins may incorporate in dipicolinic acid formation in M. marinum. We assume that if sporulation turns out to be a common mechanism used by mycobacteria in response to environmental conditions, it might be one of the means by which it attains dormancy within the host.
Crystal Structures of Y41H and Y41F Mutants of Gene V Protein from Ff Phage Suggest Possible Protein-Protein Interactions in the GVP-ssDNA Complex (1994)

Gene V protein (GVP) encoded by the filamentous phage Ff (M13, fl, fd) is a homodimeric protein of 87 amino acids that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) nonspecifically and cooperatively. The structure (monoclinic C2 form) of the wild-type protein has been determined and refined at 1.8-A resolution [Skinner et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 2071-2075]. The monomer structure consists of a somewhat distorted five-stranded beta-barrel core with three prominent loops: a DNA-binding loop, a dyad loop, and a dimer contact loop. The amino acid residue at position 41 plays an important role in the dimer-dimer interactions of the protein-ssDNA complex. Two Y41 mutant structures have been studied by X-ray crystallography. The Y41F GVP structure has been refined to an R-factor of 0.180 at 2.2-A resolution and is very similar to the wild-type (wt) structure (rmsd of all C alpha atoms = 0.30 A). In contrast, Y41H GVP forms a new crystal lattice in the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 77.18 A, b = 84.17 A, and c = 28.62 A. Its structure has been solved by the molecular replacement method and refined to an R-factor of 0.170 at 2.5-A resolution. The two monomers of Y41H are crystallographically independent, and their structures remain similar to wt-GVP but with significant differences, particularly in the DNA-binding hairpin region. In both crystals, the loop (residues 36-43) that contains the Y41 residue is involved in the crystal dimer packings but in a different manner. The dimer-dimer contacts found in the wt-GVP crystal may be important for GVP aggregation in the absence of DNA. In the presence of DNA, the dimer-dimer contacts may switch to the type found in the Y41H crystal, allowing the GVP-ssDNA complex to form cooperatively. A model of the complex, consistent with existing biochemical and biophysical data, has been constructed from those crystal packing data.
Unicité des solutions optimales et absence de chocs pour les équations d'Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman et de Riccati (1992)

Nous étudions le problème de Bolza en contrôle optimal et démontrons l'équivalence entre la régularité de sa fonction valeur, l'unicité des trajectoires optimales et l'absence de chocs pour l'équation d'Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman associée à ce problème. En particulier nous donnons une condition suffisante d'optimalité pour les problèmes dont l'hamiltonien est concave/convexe, généralisant ainsi la théorie classique du cas linéaire quadratique. Finalement nous lions l'absence de chocs à l'existence globale de solutions d'une équation matricielle de Riccati associée.
Sorption Nonlinearity for Organic Contaminants with Diesel Soot:  Method Development and Isotherm Interpretation (2004)

An experimentally practical and precise flocculation-based method was developed, tested, and applied to determine phenanthrene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene sorption with NIST SRM 2975 diesel particulate matter. Following an initial equilibration period, polyaluminum chloride (PACI) solution was added to the sorption tubes in order to facilitate the formation of flocculated aggregates of soot particles. After separation of the solids through centrifugation, supernatant concentrations were determined as with conventional batch methods. The flocculation-based method was tested on three kinds of soot and then used to evaluate sorption kinetics and equilibrium with SRM 2975. Kinetic results showed that wetting of the soot required more than 20 days, but that 60 days was sufficient to achieve equilibration with both water and phenanthrene. Sixty-day isotherms for both phenanthrene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were strongly nonlinear. At approximate 10(-3) of solubility, carbon-normalized distribution coefficients (Koc) were 10-20 times higher than those for absorption to sediment organic matter. Measurements at closer to solubility indicated much lower Koc, suggesting a total sorption capacity at aqueous solubility that is of similar magnitude to that in sediment organic matter. Independent analysis of extractable hydrocarbons suggests that absorption into a native hydrocarbon phase was not a major component of sorption.
Notes- Formation of Linear Polymers from Diene Monomers by a Cyclic Polymerization Mechanism. IV. Synthesis and Polymerization Studies of Some Doubly Unsaturated Unsymmetrical Monomers (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Formation of Linear Polymers from Diene Monomers by a Cyclic Polymerization Mechanism. IV. Synthesis and Polymerization Studies of Some Doubly Unsaturated Unsymmetrical MonomersMartin Barnett and George ButlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 2, 309–310Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online12 March 2003Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01072a637https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01072a637research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective Vapor Deposition of Hydrous RuO[sub 2] Thin Films (2005)

Thin films of mixed-conducting hydrous ruthenium dioxide or were deposited via chemical vapor deposition at ambient pressure and temperature. The precursor was generated in situ and reduced to when it contacted specific functional groups, including alcohols, thiols, amines/amides, and clean metal surfaces. The was nonreactive when in contacted with surfaces of hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid groups, or metal oxides. Because of the selectivity of the deposition process, lines and patterns can be formed on substrates that are decorated with specific areas of reactive and nonreactive functional groups. films are conductive, catalytic for chloride evolution from brine, and may ultimately be useful as oxidation catalysts and methanol barrier layers in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An ultra-low-power front-end neural interface with automatic gain for uncalibrated monitoring (2012)

This paper presents a dynamic front-end towards achieving unsupervised single-neuron activity monitoring. By implementing at the front-end, an automatic gain control that is optimized for neural signal dynamics, subsequent processing can be achieved without the need for calibration. The system uses three amplification stages (low-noise first stage, variable-gain second stage and high-gain third stage), a tuneable high-pass filter, and a feedback loop to tune the variable gain. The circuit has been implemented in a commercially-available 0.18 μm CMOS technology with total power consumption between 1.79 and 1.95 μW. The front-end achieves a variable gain from 52 to 86.4 dB with 3 kHz bandwidth and a high-pass filter that is tuneable from 100-300 Hz. The input referred noise is 9.66 μV with a total harmonic distortion of under 1%.