gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Drive Train using Time-Frequency Estimation and CNN (2019)

Based on the rapid development of wind power, drive train monitoring system is designed to determine the health of wind turbine and to reduce the operating costs by allowing a predictive maintenance strategy. This paper presents a novel method of fault detection using vibration signal. The method is composed of two steps. First, the Wigner Ville Distribution with window function is used to extract time frequency feature from every acquired signal. Then, the convolutional neural networks served as tracking detection model is applied on all available time frequency feature. The spectral peaks and the spectral structures are constantly learned, which are utilized to generate the diagnosis system of drive train. The proposed method is tested on signals from a drive train of wind turbine test rig. Experiments indicate that the proposed recognition algorithm is an effective way to diagnosis the faults between gearbox and rolling bearing.
Soft artificial skin with multi-modal sensing capability using embedded liquid conductors (2011)

We describe the design, fabrication and calibration of a highly compliant mechanism to be used as an artificial skin sensor. The artificial skin sensor consists of multilayered mircochannels filled with a conductive liquid capable of detecting multi-axis strains and contact pressure. A novel manufacturing method composed of layered molding and casting processes was proposed to fabricate a multilayered soft sensor circuit. Silicone rubber layers with channel patterns, cast with 3D printed molds, were bonded to create embedded microchannels, and a conductive liquid was injected into the microchannels. The channel dimensions are 200μm × 200μm for strain sensing and 500μm (width) × 200μm (height) for pressure sensing. The size of the sensor is 25mm × 25mm, and the thickness is approximately 3.5mm. The prototype was tested with a materials tester and showed linearity in strain sensing and nonlinearity in pressure sensing. The sensor signal was repeatable in both cases.
Protection, Prizes or Patrons? Explaining the Origins and Maintenance of Human Services Interest Groups (1999)

Little work has been done to understand the origins of human service interest groups or how they maintain themselves once founded. This paper tests three models of interest group origins and maintenance: a pluralist approach in which groups form and con tinue because they protect members' interests; a rational actor model in which groups form and are maintained because they offer members "prizes" that are more valuable than the costs of joining; and a patronage model in which groups form and continue because financial backers are willing to support them financially. Results show support for the "protection" and "patrons" models for the 127 Washington D.C. based advocacy organizations surveyed.
Infrarotspektren von ω‐Aminosäuren (1952)

Abstract Es wurden die Infrarotspektren von 4 ω‐Aminosäuren und der Hydrochloride in krist. Zustand zwischen 4000 cm −1 und 600 cm −1 bestimmt. Die Spektren wurden diskutiert und in Betracht kommende Zuordnungen der beobachtbaren Banden zu gewissen Gruppenschwingungen angegeben.
Influence of Oxygen Content on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium-35Niobium-7Zirconium-5Tantalum Beta Titanium Alloy (2005)

Abstract Titanium-35Niobium-7Zirconium-5Tantalum beta titanium alloy (also known as TiOsteum® beta titanium alloy) is a new metallic biomaterial that was designed to have outstanding osseointegratabilty, good mechanical strength, improved ductility, very low elastic modulus, and good hot and cold workability [1]. In this study, mechanical property data are presented from several TiOsteum alloy production lots with ingot oxygen contents ranging from 0.05 to 0.68 %. Additionally, mill annealed mechanical property data collected over the last 10 to 15 years for the more common alpha, alpha-beta, and beta titanium alloys are presented as a function of oxygen content and compared to TiOsteum alloy. The influence of oxygen as an interstitial strengthening element is well established in titanium alloys. This study examines this effect over a broad range of oxygen values, and has significance for the application of the new TiOsteum alloy and other beta titanium alloys being considered for use in medical and surgical devices.
Role of T Lymphocytes in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Associated Inflammation (2017)

Although a critical role of adaptive immune system has been confirmed in driving local and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and promoting insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Inflammatory regulation has been focused on innate immunity especially macrophage for a long time, while increasing evidence suggests T cells are crucial for the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance since 2009. There was growing evidence supporting the critical implication of T cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We will discuss the available effect of T cells subsets in adaptive immune system associated with the procession of T2DM, which may unveil several potential strategies that could provide successful therapies in the future.
Growth Stability in Semiopen Physical Vapour Transport (1995)

Abstract An interface stability model is proposed for clystal growth by physical vapour transport (PVT) in semiopen (SO) systems, which is based on the constitutional supercooling criterium. The model, whose main feature is the relaxation of the local eqilibrium assumption at the growing interface, proved suitable for explaining the remarkable growth stability in SO systems when applied to urea growth. A semiempirical approach for estimating the pressure inside a SO-system and the kinetic contributions to stability is also proposed, which allows for quantitative comparison of model and experimental results. 1.
Optical wavelength shifting using resonant non-linearities in THz quantum cascade lasers (2012)

Difference frequency mixing between a resonant bandgap near-infrared beam and a THz wave is demonstrated within the cavity of a quantum cascade laser using a resonantly enhanced second order non-linearity. Conversion efficiencies up to 0.13% are shown that are comparable to those shown by Free Electron Laser measurements.
Emission and laser-induced excitation spectra of rotationally cooled perfluoro-2,4-hexadiyne cation (Ã2Eu↔X2Eg) and photoelectron–photon coincidence studies of the Ã2Eustate (1982)

The Ã2Eu↔X2Eg band system of rotationally and vibrationally cooled perfluoro-2,4-hexadiyne cation has been studied by emission and excitation spectroscopies. The emission spectrum was obtained by electron-impact excitation of a seeded supersonic free jet and the excitation spectrum by laser-induced fluorescence on cations produced by Penning ionisation. From these spectra the vibrational frequencies of the totally symmetric fundamentals could be inferred for the X2Eg and Ã2Eu state to an accuracy of ±2 or ±5 cm–1, respectively. The relaxation behaviour of the excited cation has been quantitatively followed by photoelectron–photon coincidence measurements. These yield fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of the state-selected cation and hence the radiative and radiationless rate constants of the decay channels.
Motion-Compensated Coding and Frame-Rate Up-Conversion: Models and Analysis (2015)

Block-based motion estimation (ME) and motion compensation (MC) techniques are widely used in modern video processing algorithms and compression systems. The great variety of video applications and devices results in diverse compression specifications, such as frame rates and bit rates. In this paper, we study the effect of frame rate and compression bit rate on block-based ME and MC as commonly utilized in inter-frame coding and frame rate up-conversion (FRUC). This joint examination yields a theoretical foundation for comparing MC procedures in coding and FRUC. First, the video signal is locally modeled as a noisy translational motion of an image. Then, we theoretically model the motion-compensated prediction of available and absent frames as in coding and FRUC applications, respectively. The theoretic MC-prediction error is studied further and its autocorrelation function is calculated, yielding useful separable-simplifications for the coding application. We argue that a linear relation exists between the variance of the MC-prediction error and temporal distance. While the relevant distance in MC coding is between the predicted and reference frames, MC-FRUC is affected by the distance between the frames available for interpolation. We compare our estimates with experimental results and show that the theory explains qualitatively the empirical behavior. Then, we use the models proposed to analyze a system for improving of video coding at low bit rates, using a spatio-temporal scaling. Although this concept is practically employed in various forms, so far it lacked a theoretical justification. We here harness the proposed MC models and present a comprehensive analysis of the system, to qualitatively predict the experimental results.
OVSF code channel assignment for IMT-2000 (2002)

Code channel assignment deals with the problem that how different codes are allocated to different connections. In the 3GPP technical specifications, the channelization codes used for spreading are orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes. It can preserve the orthogonality between user's physical channels. OVSF codes are valuable resources in CDMA systems and should be properly managed. The objective of this paper is to find a code channel assignment method to support as many users as possible with less complexity. We proposed a code channel assignment method for user equipment (UE) that has the capability to support multi-rate services using multi-code transmission. A single table is used to allocate codes to a UE according to its requested data rate. Therefore, the allocation and releasing procedures, which can be accomplished in a very short period of time, are efficient.
Methods for tuning plasmonic and photonic optical resonances in high surface area porous electrodes (2021)

Surface plasmons have found a wide range of applications in plasmonic and nanophotonic devices. The combination of plasmonics with three-dimensional photonic crystals has enormous potential for the efficient localization of light in high surface area photoelectrodes. However, the metals traditionally used for plasmonics are difficult to form into three-dimensional periodic structures and have limited optical penetration depth at operational frequencies, which limits their use in nanofabricated photonic crystal devices. The recent decade has seen an expansion of the plasmonic material portfolio into conducting ceramics, driven by their potential for improved stability, and their conformal growth via atomic layer deposition has been established. In this work, we have created three-dimensional photonic crystals with an ultrathin plasmonic titanium nitride coating that preserves photonic activity. Plasmonic titanium nitride enhances optical fields within the photonic electrode while maintaining sufficient light penetration. Additionally, we show that post-growth annealing can tune the plasmonic resonance of titanium nitride to overlap with the photonic resonance, potentially enabling coupled-phenomena applications for these three-dimensional nanophotonic systems. Through characterization of the tuning knobs of bead size, deposition temperature and cycle count, and annealing conditions, we can create an electrically- and plasmonically-active photonic crystal as-desired for a particular application of choice.
On the Necessity of Unsteady Flow in Fluid Machines (1959)

It is shown that work can be done on, or by, a fluid in a frictionless flow process only if the flow is unsteady. The implications of this conclusion in the analysis of fluid machinery, and provisions which must be made in analysis to account for unsteady flow, are discussed.
Structure and Candidate Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of a Manumycin-Type Metabolite from Salinispora pacifica (2022)

A new manumycin-type natural product named pacificamide (<b>1</b>) and its candidate biosynthetic gene cluster (<i>pac</i>) were discovered from the marine actinobacterium <i>Salinispora pacifica</i> CNT-855. The structure of the compound was determined using NMR, electronic circular dichroism, and bioinformatic predictions. The <i>pac</i> gene cluster is unique to <i>S. pacifica</i> and found in only two of the 119 <i>Salinispora</i> genomes analyzed across nine species. Comparative analyses of biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of related manumycin-type compounds revealed genetic differences in accordance with the unique pacificamide structure. Further queries of manumycin-type gene clusters from public databases revealed their limited distribution across the phylum Actinobacteria and orphan diversity that suggests additional products remain to be discovered in this compound class. Production of the known metabolite triacsin D is also reported for the first time from the genus <i>Salinispora</i>. This study adds two classes of compounds to the natural product collective isolated from the genus <i>Salinispora</i>, which has proven to be a useful model for natural product research.
A Selection of Prism Applications (2010)

6.1 Laser Scanning 6.1.1 Reflective scanning prism A rotating reflective prism in the shape of a polygon cylinder, or <i>spinner</i>, is a well-known scanning technique. Figure 6.1 shows a rotating polygon where a fixed direction single laser beam partially illuminates a face. The reflected beam scans continuously until a facet corner is encountered, where there is a discontinuity or <i>retrace interval</i> between the end of the facet scan and the succeeding scan from the next facet. The pyramidal faceted scanner in Fig. 6.2 reduces or eliminates the retrace interval.<sup>1</sup> A convergent beam illuminates at least two facets to produce a continuous-scan interval between these facets having a circular focal trace with constant angular velocity. Thus, two illuminated facets will produce one continuous-scan interval, three illuminated facets will produce two continuous scan intervals, and illumination of an entire pyramid having <i>n</i> facets will produce <i>n</i> &#8722; 1 continuous-scan intervals. 6.1.2 Refractive prism-beam scanning and steering 6.1.2.1 Single-wedge prism A single-wedge prism with vertex angle &#945; and deviation angle &#948;, when rotated about an axis normal to one of the surfaces, produces a circular scan on a screen or generates a cone with half-angle &#948;. The exact deviation angle depends on the vertex angle, prism refractive index, and the direction of the prism with respect to the incident beam. When the wedge prism is in "A" orientation as in Fig. 6.3, the deviation angle &#948; can be calculated from (6.1a) (6.1b) (6.1c)
Clustering behavior of time-delayed nearest-neighbor coupled oscillators (1994)

We analyze both numerically and theoretically the dynamical behaviors of systems composed of limit-cycle oscillators, which are coupled by a time-delayed nearest-neighbor interaction. In this system we found cluster states which are characterized by a phase difference of neighboring oscillators and their collective frequency. A time-delay turns out to have an important effect on the stability of various cluster states.
Synthesis of Dodecatrienyl Acetate and Its Isomers. Part I (1971)

2,7-オクタジエニルアセタート〔1〕とブタジエンのロジウム触媒反応により, C12-トリエン類のアセトキシ置換体が好収率で得られることを見いだした。生成したC12-トリエン類アセトキシ置換体の構造は,2,6,10-ドデカトリエニルアセタート〔2〕,2-(2-プテニル)-3,7-オクタジエニルアセタート〔4〕および 2-(2-プテニル)-2,7-オクタジエニルアセタート〔5〕の3種類であることを,IR,ガスクロマトグラフィー-質量分析, NMR分析によって確認した。本反応は従来知られている機構では説明できない新しい型のロジウム触媒反応であり,1) 末端ビニルの末端炭素にブタジエンが反応する,2) 内部二重結合もブタジエンと反応する,という二つの特徴を有した。反応機構として, 2,7-オクタジエニルアセタート〔1〕のキレート型ロジウム錯体の生成を考えることにより,本反応を説明することができた。
One-Year Outcomes of Mitral Valve-in-Valve Using the SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Heart Valve (2020)

Transcatheter MViV using the SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve is associated with high technical success, low 30-day and 1-year mortality, significant improvement of heart failure symptoms, and sustained valve performance. Transseptal MViV should be considered an option for most patients with failed surgical bioprosthetic valves and favorable anatomy.
Volterra functional series expansions for semiconductor lasers under modulation (1994)

An analytical model based on Volterra nonlinear functionals applied to semiconductor lasers has been developed. Analytical expressions are obtained for different laser diode responses, giving powerful tools for analysis. For harmonic input, the response is given including the gain compression factor /spl epsiv/. Second-harmonic distortion (2HD) shows two maxima at half relaxation oscillation frequency /spl Omega//sub R//2 and at /spl Omega//sub R/, in agreement with experiments; the residual dc component due to nonlinearities is estimated and experimentally verified. Dynamic frequency deviation as function of bias current shows resonant characteristics. Relaxation frequency and damping rate /spl Gamma//sub R/ reveal their precise dependence on /spl epsiv/ and differential gain A. For step input, the turn-on delay t/sub on/ and the overshoot P/sub P//P/sub on/ expressions of our model are only functions of /spl Gamma//sub R/ and /spl Omega//sub R/. P/sub P//P/sub on/, and the ringing phenomena decrease with increasing bias current level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Strategies To Target Kyotorphin Analogues to the Brain (1998)

The design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of brain-targeted chemical delivery systems (CDS) for a kyotorphin analogue (Tyr-Lys) are described. The brain-targeted compound contains the active peptide in a packaged, disguised form, flanked between the lipophilic cholesteryl ester on the C-terminus and the 1, 4-dihydrotrigonellyl redox targetor, attached to the N-terminus through strategically selected L-amino acid(s) spacer. It was found that for successful brain targeting, the epsilon-amine of Lys needs to be also converted to a lipophilic function. Through sequential enzymatic bioactivation, the Tyr-Lys dipeptide is released in a sustained manner, producing significant and prolonged analgesic activity as demonstrated by the rat tail latency test. An alternate strategy was also employed. Lys was replaced by a redox amino acid pair, Nys+ left and right arrow Nys, the nicotinamide left and right arrow 1,4-dihydronicotinamide analogues of Lys (Nys+ is 2-amino-6-(3-carbamoyl-1-pyridiniumyl)hexanoic acid). The Nys form is lipophilic and facilitates delivery in addition to the C- and N-terminal lipophilic functions. Enzymatic oxidation to Nys+ provides the lock-in, followed by removal of the lipophilic groups, releasing Tyr-Nys+ from the brain-targeted analogue (BTRA). Nys+ was shown to be an effective substitution for Arg or Lys. The activities of the CDS and BTRA, respectively, were antagonized by naloxone, supporting the designed brain-targeted processes. The most potent compound is the two-proline spacer containing CDS (CDS-PP), followed by the BTRA.
STED-Inspired Laser Lithography Based on Photoswitchable Spirothiopyran Moieties (2019)

We introduce a photoresist based on methacrylate copolymers bearing photochromic spirothiopyran moieties as side groups that can crosslink via supramolecular interaction between the chromophores. Upon two-photon excitation, the resist is capable of generating freestanding three-dimensional structures and offers an inhibition channel, which allows for stimulated-emission depletion-inspired laser lithography. Reversible inhibition, linewidth narrowing, and resolution enhancement are demonstrated.
Efficient storage of nonadaptive routing tables (1988)

Abstract An algorithm for improving storage utilization for nonadaptive routing tables in point‐to‐point networks is presented. It allows storage vs. access time tradeoffs. The algorithm is quite general, and it can be used for other applications to improve storage in tree‐like structures. The algorithm was applied to the UUCP routing tables resulting in a threefold storage improvement.
Associations of fertility parameters with fatty acids and DNA methylation in Mexican women undergoing in vitro fertilization (2022)

Abstract Background. Fatty acids (FA) likely affect human fertility at multiple levels, as deviations from physiological FA profiles are obesogenic, and FA can modify DNA methylation (DNAm). Yet, the interplay of follicular fluid (FF) and serum FA with BMI and percentage body fat (PBF) in human fertility is not completely understood. Also, associations of DNAm with fertility are largely unexplored. Methods. Reproductive parameters ranging from retrieved oocyte number to infant birth weight, were recorded in Mexican women undergoing in vitro fertilization (n=88). Multiple regression analysis sought BMI-adjusted and age-adjusted associations. Receiver operating characteristic analysis tested for discrimination between outcomes. Results. Associations of FF and serum FA were markedly distinct. While various FF FA (C16:1, C18:0, C20:2, C20:3, arachidonic acid) were significantly and inversely associated only with retrieved oocyte number, selected serum FA were associated with a broad range of pre-fertilization and post-fertilization parameters. Associations of BMI and FF FA were complex, as arachidonic acid was inversely associated with both BMI and retrieved oocyte number, while oleic acid (OA) was directly associated with BMI and PBF. Ultrasound-assessed clinical pregnancy outcome (CP) was directly associated with serum OA but inversely with its trans isomer elaidic acid (EA) and with BMI. Compounded BMI, serum EA and OA discriminated CP well (AUC=0.74). Whole blood DNA methylation was significantly associated with and a moderate predictor (AUC=0.66) of percent fertilized oocytes. Conclusions. Overall FF FA pool composition rather than FA identity may impact oocyte production and cellular memory of FF FA is lost as the oocyte exits the follicular environment. The contrasting associations of BMI, FF OA and arachidonic acid suggest that the control of oocyte homeostasis by FF FA is uncoupled from BMI. Further studies are warranted to assess the potential of compounding BMI with serum EA and OA to predict CP.
Biosensing platform combining label-free and labelled analysis using Bloch surface waves (2015)

Bloch surface waves (BSW) propagating at the boundary of truncated photonic crystals (1D-PC) have emerged as an attractive approach for label-free sensing in plasmon-like sensor configurations. Due to the very low losses in such dielectric thin film stacks, BSW feature very low angular resonance widths compared to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) case. Besides label-free operation, the large field enhancement and the absence of quenching allow utilizing BSW coupled fluorescence detection to additionally sense the presence of fluorescent labels. This approach can be adapted to the case of angularly resolved resonance detection, thus giving rise to a combined label-free / labelled biosensor platform. It features a parallel analysis of multiple spots arranged as a one-dimensional array inside a microfluidic channel of a disposable chip. Application of such a combined biosensing approach to the detection of the Angiopoietin-2 cancer biomarker in buffer solutions is reported.