gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force relaxation, labile heat and parvalbumin content of skeletal muscle fibres of Xenopus laevis. (1993)

1. Measurements were made of stable (hb) and labile (ha) maintenance heat rate, slowing of relaxation as a function of tetanus duration, and parvalbumin (PA) content in intact single muscle fibres of types 1 and 2 from Xenopus laevis. The majority of experiments were performed at 20 degrees C. In addition, total and myofibrillar ATPase activity was measured in skinned Xenopus fibres, also of types 1 and 2; these studies were performed at 4 degrees C. 2. In agreement with a previous study hb was significantly higher in type 1 (175 +/- 13 mW (g wet wt)-1; n = 8) than in type 2 fibres (88 +/- 9 mW (g wet wt)-1; n = 7). The value of ha was 236 +/- 22 and 117 +/- 16 mW (g wet wt)-1, respectively (mean +/- S.E.M.). ha decayed with a time constant of 0.27 +/- 0.02 (n = 8) and 0.33 +/- 0.02 s (n = 7). 3. The early relaxation rate of tetanic force, extrapolated to the onset of stimulation (yo + yb; where yo is 'extra' rate of relaxation and yb steady rate) was 85.6 +/- 4.2 s-1 for type 1 fibres (n = 8) and 62.7 +/- 7.3 s-1 for type 2 fibres (n = 7). Relaxation rate at the end of a 1.8 s tetanus (yb) was 29.4 +/- 1.6 and 33.3 +/- 1.5 s-1, respectively; thus, there was more slowing with tetanus duration in type 1 fibres. The time constant for slowing of relaxation with tetanus duration was similar to that for decay of ha. 4. Parvalbumin concentration, [PA], was 0.45 +/- 0.04 mM in type 1 (n = 7) and 0.22 +/- 0.04 mM (n = 7) in type 2 fibres. 5. For individual fibres positive correlations were found between the 'extra' rate of relaxation (yo), labile heat (ha) and [PA]. Significantly more labile heat was liberated than can be accounted for by the enthalpy change of Ca2+ binding to PA. 6. For five fibres (type 1) studied both at 20 and 10 degrees C, the magnitude of slowing of relaxation, expressed as yo/(yo + yb), was 0.58 +/- 0.03 at 20 degrees C and 0.65 +/- 0.03 at 10 degrees C. 7. Both slowing of relaxation and labile heat were depressed in the second of two closely spaced tetani in type 1 fibres. Repriming of both effects followed similar, biphasic time courses and required more than 10 min for completion at 20 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Blueprint for the Synthesis and Characterisation of Thin Graphene Oxide with Controlled Lateral Dimensions for Biomedicine (2018)

We report the reproducible production of graphene oxide flakes of controlled lateral dimensions under endotoxin free conditions for biomedical and hazard assessment investigations. In addition, we report the thorough characterisation of those materials, using optical, atomic force, electron microcopies; fluorescence, UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopies; Zeta potential, FTIR, TGA, and XPS. We identified that a combination of microscopic techniques are needed to fully assess the lateral dimensions of GO flakes. &lt;br&gt;
Methyl-CpG island-associated genome signature tags (2023)

Disclosed is a method for analyzing the organismic complexity of a sample through analysis of the nucleic acid in the sample. In the disclosed method, through a series of steps, including digestion with a type II restriction enzyme, ligation of capture adapters and linkers and digestion with a type IIS restriction enzyme, genome signature tags are produced. The sequences of a statistically significant number of the signature tags are determined and the sequences are used to identify and quantify the organisms in the sample. Various embodiments of the invention described herein include methods for using single point genome signature tags to analyze the related families present in a sample, methods for analyzing sequences associated with hyper- and hypo-methylated CpG islands, methods for visualizing organismic complexity change in a sampling location over time and methods for generating the genome signature tag profile of a sample of fragmented DNA.
Vagal Nerve Stimulator Use During Pregnancy for Treatment of Refractory Seizure Disorder (2010)

Adjunctive treatment of medically refractory seizures with a vagal nerve stimulator is a viable option during pregnancy.
Development and Performance of a Controllable Autoloading Needle-Free Jet Injector (2011)

A jet injector platform technology that provides improved performance over existing jet injectors through the use of a controllable linear Lorentz-force actuator and software-based control system has been developed. Injectors designed on this platform are capable of delivering injections using arbitrary pressure pulse shaping. Pulse shaping has been shown to allow a wide degree of control over the depth to which the injection is delivered. A software-based injector control system improves repeatability and allows for automatic reloading of the injector, a task that would be difficult to implement using existing jet injector platforms. A design for a prototype autoloading controllable jet injector (cJI) based on this platform is detailed. The injection capability of this cJI was evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo using a tissue analog, excised porcine tissue, and ovine tissue. An analysis of the cJI’s performance indicates that this design is capable of delivering a controllable volume of fluid to a controllable depth based entirely on the parameter’s input into the control software.
Detection of siRNA administered to cells and animals by using a fluorescence intensity distribution analysis polarization system (2009)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has excellent pharmacological features and is expected to be used for therapeutic drug development. To this end, however, new RNA technology needs to be established so that extremely small amounts (less than 1 pmol) of siRNA can be detected in organs of experimental animals and in human blood to facilitate pharmacokinetics studies. An important feature is that this new technology is not dependent on radioisotopes and can detect siRNA molecules identical to those used for drug development in preclinical tests with experimental animals or in clinical tests with humans. We report a convenient method that can detect small amounts of siRNA. The method uses high-power confocal microscopic analysis of fluorescence polarization in DNA probes that are bound to one of the strands of siRNA and directly quantitates the copy number of siRNA molecule after extraction from specimens. A pharmacokinetic study to examine the blood retention time of siRNA/cationic liposomes in mice showed that this straightforward method is consistent with the other reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification-based method. We believe that the entire process is simple and applicable for a high-throughput analysis, which provides excellent technical support for fundamental research on RNA interference and development of siRNA drugs.
Alternative Assessments, Unintended Consequences: The Promise and Peril of Digital Badges (2019)

Lauren Zucker, Troy Hicks, Alternative Assessments, Unintended Consequences: The Promise and Peril of Digital Badges, Transformations: The Journal of Inclusive Scholarship and Pedagogy, Vol. 29, No. 1 (2019), pp. 113-123
Study on prevention of hypercapnia by nasal high flow in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during intravenous anesthesia (2020)

The study was registered in the jRCTs 072190021.URL https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs072190021.
Use of single particle ICP-MS to estimate silver nanoparticle penetration through baby porcine mucosa (2021)

Children are potentially exposed to products that contain nanoparticles (NPs). In particular, silver NPs are commonly present both in products used by and around children, primarily due to their antibacterial properties. However, very few data are available regarding the ability of silver NPs to penetrate through the oral mucosa in children. In the present work, we used baby porcine buccal mucosa mounted on vertical Franz diffusion cells, as an <i>in vitro</i> model to investigate penetration of silver NPs (19 ± 5 nm). Permeability experiments were performed using pristine physiologically-relevant saline solution in the receiver chamber and known concentrations of NPs or ions in the donor chamber; conditions mimicked the <i>in vivo</i> physiological pH conditions. After physicochemical characterization of silver nanoparticles dispersed in physiological solution, we evaluated the passage of ions and NPs through the mucosa, using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A flux of 4.1 ± 1.7 ng cm<sup>-2 </sup>min<sup>-1</sup> and a lag time of 159 ± 17 min were observed through mucosa exposed to silver nanoparticles. The latter suggests nanoparticle penetration through the baby porcine mucosa and release Ag<sup>+</sup> ions in the receptor fluid, as confirmed by computational model. Due to physiological similarity between human and pig membranes it is reasonable to assume that a trans-oral mucosa penetration could occur in children upon contact with silver nanoparticles.
Enzymes of the .beta.-ketoadipate pathway in Pseudomonas putida: kinetic and magnetic resonance studies of the cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase catalyzed reaction (1983)

Steady-state kinetic analysis of the divalent metal ion requiring cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase catalyzed interconversion of cis,cis-muconate and (+)-muconolactone obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the Haldane relationship from pH 6.2 to 8.3. The pH vs. kcat/Km profiles suggest free-enzyme apparent pKa values of 6.2 and 7.4: the reciprocal behavior of the data with respect to the latter pKa value is consistent with base-acid catalysis by the enzyme involving proton removal from the lactone and protonation of cis,cis-muconate, respectively. This catalysis by the enzyme of proton transfer is consistent with the stereospecific incorporation of solvent deuterium into the pro-5R position of (+)-muconolactone in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction: in reverse, the departure of the carboxylic oxygen atom and proton from the C(4) and C(5) carbon atoms follows a syn (cis) route [Avigad, G., & Englard, S. (1969) Fed. Proc., Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 28, 345, Abstr. 486]. The titration of enzyme freed of divalent metal ion with manganous ion, monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and steady-state kinetic measurements, indicates a single binding site per subunit characterized by KdissE X Mn = [E] [Mn2+]/[E X Mn2+] = 4.5 and 3.0 microM, respectively, the latter value analyzed via a rapid equilibrium mechanism. The paramagnetic effects of Mn2+ on the 1/T1 and 1/T2 values for the H-5S proton of (+)-muconolactone in the E X ML X Mn ternary complex provide an estimate of the correlation time, tau c, at 5 X 10(-9) s from the T1/T2 ratio, indicating that the condition of rapid exchange of (+)-muconolactone in solution with the ternary complex obtains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduced ambient reflection of organic light-emitting diodes by utilizing multilayer low-reflection cathodes (2006)

Ambient reflection of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is reduced by utilizing a multilayer low-reflection cathode. The low-reflection cathode structure consists of a semitransparent cathode layer, a transparent spacing layer and a high reflective layer. Metals with different optical properties, including silver (Ag) and samarium (Sm), are used as the semitransparent cathode layer, tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminium (Alq3) and aluminium (Al) are used as the spacing layer and high reflective layer, respectively. The incident ambient light could be reduced by the cathode structure via destructive optical interference. It is found that the Ag/Alq3/Al cathode shows a strong wavelength-dependent reflection. However, the Sm/Alq3/Al cathode demonstrates a low reflection in the whole visible range, and the resulting OLED shows a reduced luminous reflectance of 2.7% as compared to 81% for a control device with LiF/Al cathode. A further reduction to 0.9% is realized by replacing a multilayer of Alq3/Sm/Alq3 for the single layer of Alq3. Moreover, such a structure shows a weak dependence of reflectance on the wavelength and incident angle of ambient light.
Lingual orthodontics for children and adolescents: improvement of the indirect bonding protocol (2013)

When bonding a completely customized lingual appliance in children and adolescents, an extra layer of a hydrophilic resin should be added to the teeth.
RNA‐seq transcriptome analysis of a Pseudomonas strain with diversified catalytic properties growth under different culture medium (2016)

Biocatalysis is an emerging strategy for the production of enantio-pure organic molecules. However, lacking of commercially available enzymes restricts the widespread application of biocatalysis. In this study, we report a Pseudomonas strain which exhibited versatile oxidation activity to synthesize chiral sulfoxides when growing under M9-toluene medium and reduction activity to synthesize chiral alcohols when on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, respectively. Further comparative transcriptome analysis on samples from these two cultural conditions has identified 1038 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG pathways analysis demonstrate significant changes in protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of metabolites when cells cultured under different conditions. We have identified eight candidate enzymes from this bacterial which may have the potential to be used for synthesis of chiral alcohol and sulfoxide chemicals. This work provides insights into the mechanism of diversity in catalytic properties of this Pseudomonas strain growth with different cultural conditions, as well as candidate enzymes for further biocatalysis of enantiomerically pure molecules and pharmaceuticals.
Venous ulcers: pathophysiology and medical therapy. (1990)

Venous ulcers may occur as a result of lower extremity calf pump failure, with ensuing edema, trapping of white blood cells and deposition of pericapillary fibrin. Acute, smaller lesions are easily treated with adequate compression and occlusive dressings. Larger, more chronic wounds often benefit from some form of external compression. Occlusive dressings and local wound care are most effective when used simultaneously with compression. Sequential compression pumps merit study and may prove to be of therapeutic and prophylactic value. In refractory cases, long-term use of compression devices may be required to prevent ulcer recurrence.
Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Breast Cancer Risk in a Multiethnic Population (2007)

Considerable evidence indicates that vitamin D may reduce the risk of several cancers, including breast cancer. This study examined associations of breast cancer with sun exposure, the principal source of vitamin D, and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms (FokI, TaqI, BglI) in a population-based case-control study of Hispanic, African-American, and non-Hispanic White women aged 35-79 years from the San Francisco Bay Area of California (1995-2003). In-person interviews were obtained for 1,788 newly diagnosed cases and 2,129 controls. Skin pigmentation measurements were taken on the upper underarm (a sun-protected site that measures constitutive pigmentation) and on the forehead (a sun-exposed site) using reflectometry. Biospecimens were collected for a subset of the study population (814 cases, 910 controls). A high sun exposure index based on reflectometry was associated with reduced risk of advanced breast cancer among women with light constitutive skin pigmentation (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.91). The association did not vary with VDR genotype. No associations were found for women with medium or dark pigmentation. Localized breast cancer was not associated with sun exposure or VDR genotype. This study supports the hypothesis that sunlight exposure reduces risk of advanced breast cancer among women with light skin pigmentation.
A pulse-step model of accommodation dynamics in the aging eye (2005)

We have developed a dynamic model of accommodation that combines independent phasic-velocity and tonic-position neural signals to control position, velocity and acceleration properties of accommodative step responses. Phasic and tonic signals were produced by neural integration of a fixed-height acceleration-pulse and variable-height velocity-step respectively to control independent acceleration and velocity properties of the step response. Duration and amplitude of the acceleration-pulse are increased with age to compensate for age-related increases of visco-elastic properties of the lens to maintain youthful velocity. The model illustrates a neural control strategy that is similar to the classical neural control model of step changes by the saccadic and vergence systems. This model could be used to estimate the stability and dynamic performance of prosthetic devices, such as accommodating intraocular lens implants.
Protein Kinase C-associated Kinase Can Activate NFκB in Both a Kinase-dependent and a Kinase-independent Manner (2003)

Protein kinase C-associated kinase (PKK, also known as RIP4/DIK) activates NFkappaB when overexpressed in cell lines and is required for keratinocyte differentiation in vivo. However, very little is understood about the factors upstream of PKK or how PKK activates NFkappaB. Here we show that certain catalytically inactive mutants of PKK can activate NFkappaB, although to a lesser degree than wild type PKK. The deletion of specific domains of wild type PKK diminishes the ability of this enzyme to activate NFkappaB; the same deletions made on a catalytically inactive PKK background completely ablate NFkappaB activation. PKK may be phosphorylated by two specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases, MEKK2 and MEKK3, and this interaction may in part be mediated through a critical activation loop residue, Thr184. Catalytically inactive PKK mutants that block phorbol ester-induced NFkappaB activation do not interfere with, but unexpectedly enhance, the activation of NFkappaB by these two mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases. Taken together, these data indicate that PKK may function in both a kinase-dependent as well as a kinase-independent manner to activate NFkappaB.
Notes (1962)

R. Asami, M. Levy, M. Szwarc, R. M. Golding, L. E. Orgel, D. Burn, V. Petrow, D. Pooley, D. H. Whiffen, T. J. King, C. E. Newall, A. J. Birch, E. Pride, T. Neilson, H. C. S. Wood, A. G. Wylie, A. C. Richardson, A. A. Randall, H. G. Langer and R. F. Bogucki, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 361 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620000361
A fully automated synthesis of [18F]‐FEAU and [18F]‐FMAU using a novel dual reactor radiosynthesis module (2009)

Abstract 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐5‐substituted‐1‐ β ‐ D ‐arabinofuranosyluracils, including 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐5‐methyl‐1‐ β ‐ D ‐arabinofuranosyluracil [ 18 F]FMAU and [ 18 F]FEAU are established radiolabeled probes to monitor cellular proliferation and herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1‐tk) reporter gene expression with positron emission tomography. For clinical applications, a fully automated CGMP‐compliant radiosynthesis is necessary for production of these probes. However, due to multiple steps in the synthesis, no such automated synthetic protocols have been developed. We report here a fully automated synthesis of [ 18 F]‐FEAU and [ 18 F]‐FMAU on a prototype dual reactor module TRACERlab FX FN. The synthesis was performed by using a computer‐programmed standard operating procedure, and the product was purified on a semipreparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) integrated with the synthesis module using 12% EtOH in 50 mM Na 2 HPO 4 . Finally, the percentage of alcohol was adjusted to 7% by adding Na 2 HPO 4 and filtered through a Millipore filter to make dose for human. The radiochemical yield on the fluorination was 40±10% ( n =10), and the overall yields were 4±1% (d. c.), from the end of the bombardment; [ 18 F]FEAU ( n =7) and [ 18 F]FMAU ( n =3). The radiochemical purity was &gt;99%, specific activity was 1200–1300 mCi/µmol. The synthesis time was 2.5 h. This automated synthesis should be suitable for production of [ 18 F]FIAU, [ 18 F]FFAU, [ 18 F]FCAU, [ 18 F]FBAU and other 5‐substitued thymidine analogues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound tomography for breast cancer screening (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Both mammography and standard ultrasound (US) rely upon subjective criteria within the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) to provide more uniform interpretation outcomes, as well as differentiation and risk stratification of associated abnormalities. In addition, the technical performance and professional interpretation of both tests suffer from machine and operator dependence. Breast MR has become the new gold standard for screening of high-risk women but has cost and access limitations in extending screening to the entire population. We have been developing a new technique for breast imaging that is based on ultrasound tomography which quantifies tissue characteristics while also producing 3-D images of breast anatomy. Results are presented from clinical studies that utilize this method. Informed consent was obtained from all patients, prospectively recruited in an IRB-approved protocol following HIPAA guidelines. Images were produced by tomographic algorithms for reflection, sound speed and attenuation. All images were reviewed by a board-certified radiologist who has more than 20 years of experience in breast imaging and US-technology development. In the first phase of the study, UST images were compared to multi-modal imaging to determine the appearance of lesions and breast parenchyma. In the second phase of the study, correlative comparisons with MR breast imaging were used to establish basic operational capabilities of the UST system including the identification and characterization of parenchymal patterns. Our study demonstrated a high degree of correlation of breast tissue structures relative to fat subtracted contrast enhanced MRI. With a scan duration of ~ 1-3 minutes, no significant motion artifacts were observed.
Synthesis of terminal monofluoro olefins (2002)

Covering: up to October 2001
Chemical degradation of steroid side chains. Efficient conversion of cholestanol to corticosteroid intermediates. (1992)

17-Chlorosteroids, produced by template-directed halogenation of 9-fluoro 11-oxygenated cholestanols that are themselves produced by template methods, are converted to their 17-keto analogs in high yields (85–91 %) after HCl elimination with DBU, followed by ozonolysis.
Simultaneous determination of faradaic and capacitator charge at the dropping mercury electrode (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous determination of faradaic and capacitator charge at the dropping mercury electrodeGeorge. Lauer and Robert A. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 14, 1866–1867Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50157a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50157a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts