gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of atmospherically blurred images according to weather-predicted atmospheric modulation transfer functions (1997)

Restoration for actual atmospherically blurred images is per- formed using an atmospheric Wiener filter that corrects simultaneously for both turbulence and aerosol blur by enhancing the image spectrum primarily at those high frequencies least affected by the jitter or random- ness in a turbulence modulation transfer function (MTF). The correction is based on weather-predicted rather than measured atmospheric MTFs. Both turbulence and aerosol MTFs are predicted using meteorological parameters measured with standard weather stations at the time and location where the image was recorded. A variety of weather conditions and seasons are considered. Past results have shown good correlation between measured and predicted atmospheric MTFs. Here, the pre- dicted MTFs are implemented in actual image restoration and quantita- tive analysis of the MTF improvement is presented. Corrections are shown also for turbulence blur alone, for aerosol blur alone, and for both together. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)01511-0)
Hippocampal cell genesis does not correlate with spatial learning ability in aged rats (2003)

Aging in rodents is known to lead to deficits in spatial learning and memory, including decreased performance on the Morris water maze. Recent attention has focused on the possible role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in regulating spatial learning and memory. Therefore, in this study, we have examined levels of hippocampal cell proliferation in relation to water maze performance in aged and young male Fischer 344 rats. Aged rats (24 months old) were divided into aged-unimpaired and aged-impaired groups based on comparison with performance of young animals. Animals received five daily injections of the thymidine-analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and were killed 1 week later. Total numbers of BrdU-labeled cells were quantified in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and hilus and were related to behavioral performance. Whereas aging was associated with a significant reduction in the number of BrdU-labeled cells, behavioral impairment with aging was not associated with a further reduction in BrdU labeling. In the context of aging, these finding do not support a direct relationship of adult hippocampal neurogenesis with learning and memory capability.
[Antibiotic treatment of cystic fibrosis]. (1991)

Lower respiratory tract superinfection is nearly constant in cystic fibrosis and has a significant impact on mortality. The three organisms which most often colonize the bronchial tree are Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The latter organism is found in 70% to 90% of older cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa infections are remarkably persistent and cause severe, extensive lung damage. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated in patients with clinical symptoms (fever, weight loss, changes in sputum and auscultation) and should be selected on the basis of cytobacteriologic studies of sputum. Oral antibiotics are usually successful in eradicating S. aureus and H. influenzae. Conversely, intravenous therapy is required in most cases of P. aeruginosa infection. Fifteen-day courses are given repeatedly, either on a routine basis every three months, or whenever new clinical symptoms develop. Antimicrobials usually fail to eradicate P. aeruginosa even when significant clinical improvement occurs. Two-drug therapy and judicious use of the various available anti-microbial agents should delay development of resistant strains, an event which is nearly inevitable as antimicrobial treatments are repeated.
Active modulation of reflective structural colors (2022)

Dynamically controllable reflective structural colors have been garnering growing attention due to increasing commercial interests in smart displays (<i>e.g.</i>, colorimetric labels), colored e-readers, <i>etc.</i> To comply with the requirements of future displays, several strategies have been proposed by various research groups to achieve wide color tuning ranges in the visible regime, high on/off contrast ratios, and fast response times. In this review, we first introduce ways to create optical resonances including plasmonic, photonic, and plasmonic-photonic hybrid structures that form the basis of color generation. We then outline strategies that control the refractive index contrast between the system and the surrounding as a means to actively change the reflective structural colors, backed with representative examples from the literature. Finally, we provide a comparison of dynamic structural colors based on various switching mechanisms summarizing performance metrics that are important for future displays, and conclude with an outlook on current challenges.
Oncogenic RAC1 and NRAS drive resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress through MEK/ERK signalling (2018)

Cancer cells are able to survive under conditions that cause endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress), and can adapt to this stress by upregulating cell-survival signalling pathways and down-regulating apoptotic pathways. The cellular response to ER-stress is controlled by the unfolded protein response (UPR). Small Rho family GTPases are linked to many cell responses including cell growth and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the function of small GTPases in cell survival under ER-stress. Using siRNA screening we identify that RAC1 promotes cell survival under ER-stress in cells with an oncogenic N92I RAC1 mutation. We uncover a novel connection between the UPR and N92I RAC1, whereby RAC1 attenuates phosphorylation of EIF2S1 under ER-stress and drives over-expression of ATF4 in basal conditions. Interestingly, the UPR connection does not drive resistance to ER-stress, as knockdown of ATF4 did not affect this. We further investigate cancer-associated kinase signalling pathways and show that RAC1 knockdown reduces the activity of AKT and ERK, and using a panel of clinically important kinase inhibitors, we uncover a role for MEK/ERK, but not AKT, in cell viability under ER-stress. A known major activator of ERK phosphorylation in cancer is oncogenic NRAS and we show that knockdown of NRAS in cells, which bear a Q61 NRAS mutation, sensitises to ER-stress. These findings highlight a novel mechanism for resistance to ER-stress through oncogenic activation of MEK/ERK signalling by small GTPases.
MICROBIAL OILS AND FATTY ACIDS: EFFECT OF CARBON SOURCE ON DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (C22:6 N-3, DHA) PRODUCTION BY THRAUSTOCHYTRID STRAINS (2010)

Thraustochytrids are marine protists found throughout the world in estuarine and marine habitats. These microorganisms have attracted interest, because their lipids contain different long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Those able to produce docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) are the most studied because of the physiological importance of this PUFA in human beings. Their heterotrophic cultivation offers several challenges since biomass, lipid content, and fatty acid profile are dependent on growth conditions. In this work the effects of C source and its concentration on DHA production by different thraustochytrid strains are reviewed. Results obtained by different investigators on the use of alternative and low cost nutrient sources for production of DHA by thraustochytrids are also presented.
OPEN CONFIGURABLE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRECISION FARMING (2013)

The goal of Agrix project is to develop a prototype of an open, generic and configurable automation platform for agricultural machinery. A typical configuration consists of a tractor and one or several implements. The main purpose of realizing the fast-prototype of the control system in 2003 was to get acquainted with the problems occurring in working with agricultural machines. Experiences from the fast-prototype are reported in this paper.<br><br>The agricultural implement selected for the fast-prototype was a combined seed and fertilizer drill. The original hydraulic system was replaced with a new electro-hydraulic valve block. The tractor was equipped with ISOBUS (ISO 11783) compatible electronic control unit. A commercial CAN-controller with a high-power digital and analog I/O interface was used as the implement electronic control unit.<br><br>The architecture of Agrix fast-prototype was designed according to ISOBUS standard. In industrial automation, standard inexpensive PCs are used as Human Machine Interface (HMI). Accordingly, it was tested if a standard PDA or handheld could be used as HMI or user terminal for the implement.<br><br>The Agrix fast-prototype was finally tested in real drilling of wheat. The ISOBUS standard is very important as an open communication standard for agricultural machines. However, it does not have any features to support configurability. The biggest problems occurred with the PDA. Its display is quite small to be used as HMI in a moving vehicle. The inexpensive external keyboard was a bit too vague for its purpose. The processing power of the PDA was quite limited for this kind of use and real-time problems emerged in some situations.
Integrins and E‐cadherin cooperate with IGF‐I to induce migration of epithelial colonic cells (1999)

Although the detailed mechanisms of cell migration remain largely unknown, it is now clear that growth factors and cell adhesion molecules are crucial for this process. We have shown that type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) promotes migration of human colonic tumour cells. Since morphological analysis suggested an involvement of adhesion molecules, we have now examined the role of integrins (cell-matrix adhesion molecules) and E-cadherin/catenins complex (cell-cell adhesion molecules) in the IGF-I-induced migration. Using a monolayer wounding assay, we have determined that, except for α2β1, all of the integrins expressed in HT29-D4 cells are involved in the induced cell migration. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that upon IGF-I stimulation the integrins reorganized at the leading edge of migrating cells. We also demonstrate that E-cadherin is involved in cell migration. A rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of E-cadherin and β-catenin was detected upon IGF-I stimulation. Tyrosine phosphorylation was associated with reduced membranous expression of E-cadherin and promotion of cell motility, suggesting a regulation of the E-cadherin/catenins complex. This effect can be reversed by incubating cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our results suggest that IGF-I promotes colonic cell migration through reorganization of integrin receptors and through modulation of E-cadherin/catenins complex function. Int. J. Cancer 83: 497–505, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Actinium Aquo Ion (2017)

Metal aquo ions occupy central roles in all equilibria that define metal complexation in natural environments. These complexes are used to establish thermodynamic metrics (i.e., stability constants) for predicting metal binding, which are essential for defining critical parameters associated with aqueous speciation, metal chelation, <i>in vivo</i> transport, and so on. As such, establishing the fundamental chemistry of the actinium(III) aquo ion (Ac-aquo ion, Ac(H<sub>2</sub>O) <sub><i>x</i></sub><sup>3+</sup>) is critical for current efforts to develop <sup>225</sup>Ac [<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 10.0(1) d] as a targeted anticancer therapeutic agent. However, given the limited amount of actinium available for study and its high radioactivity, many aspects of actinium chemistry remain poorly defined. We overcame these challenges using the longer-lived <sup>227</sup>Ac [<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 21.772(3) y] isotope and report the first characterization of this fundamentally important Ac-aquo coordination complex. Our X-ray absorption fine structure study revealed 10.9 ± 0.5 water molecules directly coordinated to the Ac<sup>III</sup> cation with an Ac-O<sub>H2O</sub> distance of 2.63(1) Å. This experimentally determined distance was consistent with molecular dynamics density functional theory results that showed (over the course of 8 ps) that Ac<sup>III</sup> was coordinated by 9 water molecules with Ac-O<sub>H2O</sub> distances ranging from 2.61 to 2.76 Å. The data is presented in the context of other actinide(III) and lanthanide(III) aquo ions characterized by XAFS and highlights the uniqueness of the large Ac<sup>III</sup> coordination numbers and long Ac-O<sub>H2O</sub> bond distances.
A NEW PERSONAL SAMPLER FOR AIRBORNE TOTAL DUST IN WORKPLACES (1986)

This paper describes the development and testing of a new personal dust sampler for airborne ‘total’ dust in workplaces. The cornerstone of the work involves the use of a full-size tailor's mannequin to represent the human worker both for the mounting of the personal samplers and as the reference against which the personal samplers are tested. This resultant evaluation is therefore consistent with the concept of inspirability which is now gaining acceptance as a biologically relevant criterion for ‘total’ dust. In the initial part of the work it was found that the performances of a number of commercially available personal samplers of the type currently recommended for the assessment of ‘total’ dust in workplaces are not only substantially different from one another but also substantially different from inspirability. A study of the parameters governing performance was then carried out, leading to the development of a new sampler comprising a 15 mm dia. circular entry through which air is drawn at 2 1. min −1 . It was shown that this sampler when worn on the lapel collects the inspirable fraction of airborne dust satisfactorily over a representative range of particle aerodynamic sizes and wind speeds. The design incorporates a dust-collecting cassette which has the advantage of minimizing errors due both to particle blow-off from external surface and to internal wall losses.
Selection of Human Single Domain Antibodies (sdAb) Against Thymidine Kinase 1 and Their Incorporation Into sdAb-Fc Antibody Constructs For Potential Use In Cancer Therapy (2021)

Abstract Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1) is primarily known as a cancer biomarker with good prognostic capabilities for liquid and solid malignancies. However, recent studies targeting TK1 at protein and mRNA levels have shown that TK1 may be useful as a tumor target. In order to examine the use of TK1 as a tumor target, it is necessary to develop therapeutics specific for TK1. Single domain antibodies (sdAbs), represent an exciting approach for the development of immunotherapeutics due to their cost-effective production and higher tumor penetration than conventional antibodies. In this study, we isolated sdAb fragments specific to human TK1 from a human sdAb library. A total of 400 sdAbs were screened through 5 rounds of selection by monoclonal phage ELISA. The most sensitive sdAb fragments were selected as candidates for preclinical testing. The sdAb fragments showed specificity for human TK1 in phage ELISA, Western blot analysis and had a limit of detection of 3.9 ng/ml for 4-H-TK1_A1 and 1.9 ng/ml for 4-H-TK1_D1. The antibody fragments were successfully expressed and used for detection of membrane associated TK1 (mTK1) through flow cytometry on cancer cells [lung (∼95%), colon (∼87%), breast (∼53%)] and healthy human mono nuclear cells (MNC). The most sensitive antibody fragments, 4-H-TK1_A1 and 4-H-TK1_D1 were fused to an engineered IgG1 Fc fragment. When added to cancer cells expressing mTK1 co-cultured with human MNC, the anti-TK1-sdAb-IgG1_A1 and D1 were able to elicit a significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) response by human MNCs against lung cancer cells compared to isotype controls ( P &lt;0.0267 and P &lt;0.0265, respectively). To our knowledge this is the first time that the isolation and evaluation of human anti TK1 single domain antibodies using phage display technology has been reported. The antibody fragments isolated here may represent a valuable resource for the detection and the targeting of TK1 in tumor cells.
The role of MFC and hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose in film formation and the barrier properties of methyl nanocellulose film (2021)

Abstract There is currently a great demand for sustainable and bio-derived coatings for fiber-based packaging materials, which are technically implementable with a high performance. The aim of this work was to investigate the grease resistance of coatings prepared from methyl nanocellulose when applied on paperboard. Co-additives selected from native microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) were used in order to determine their impact on film formation and crack resistance for folds. Small and moderate coat weights were applied in order to determine the critical coat weight for the barrier properties. It was found that high grease resistance can be achieved with methyl nanocellulose and a combination of methyl nanocellulose and MFC coatings. Contact angle determinations for water on uncoated and coated materials showed that EHEC-MFC films have a very high contact angle which is due to both the surface chemistry and roughness. This indicates and confirms that EHEC may facilitate the wetting of oil and greases. Methyl nanocellulose mixed with hydrophobically modified EHEC significantly changed the barrier properties indicating a change in the film formation.
Electrospinning of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers and Simulation of Electric Field via Finite Element method (2017)

Objective(s): Since the electric field is the main driving force in electrospinning systems, the modeling and analysis of electric field distribution are critical to the nanofibers production. The aim of this study was modeling of the electric field and investigating the various parameters on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers morphology and diameter. Methods: The electric field profile at the nozzle and electrospinning zone was evaluated by Finite Element Method. The morphology and diameter of nanofibers were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The results of the electric field analysis indicated that the electric field was concentrated at the tip of the nozzle. Moreover, in the spinning direction, the electric field was concentrated at the surface of the spinneret and decayed rapidly toward the surface of the collector. Increasing polymer solution concentration from 7 to 11wt.% led to increasing nanofibers diameter form 77.76 ± 19.44 to 202.42 ± 36.85. Conclusions: Base on our results, it could be concluded that concentration of the electric field at the tip of the nozzle is high and initiates jet and nanofibers formation. PAN nanofibers can be transformed to carbon nanofibers which have various applications in biomedicine.
Imaging genetics and development: Challenges and promises (2010)

Excitement with the publication of the human genome has served as catalyst for scientists to uncover the functions of specific genes. The main avenues for understanding gene function have been in behavioral genetics on one end and on the other end, molecular mouse models. Attempts to bridge these approaches have used brain imaging to conveniently link anatomical abnormalities seen in knockout/transgenic mouse models and abnormal patterns of brain activity seen in humans. Although a convenient approach, this article provides examples of challenges for imaging genetics, its application to developmental questions, and promises for future directions. Attempts to link genes, brain, and behavior using behavioral genetics, imaging genetics, and mouse models of behavior are described. Each of these approaches alone, provide limited information on gene function in complex human behavior, but together, they are forming bridges between animal models and human psychiatric disorders.
<title>Near-field probe interaction with an optical fiber taper</title> (1998)

A scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) has been used to measures directly the evanescent field distribution surrounding an optical fiber taper. The SNOM interaction with the fiber taper is explain for the first time using a wave optics approach. Result of evanescent field measurements with varying wavelengths and surrounding refractive index media are presented. Experimental results are compared with theoretical data produced by the Finite Difference Beam Propagation Method.
Feasibility of Automating Insulin Delivery for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

An automated closed-loop insulin delivery system based on subcutaneous glucose sensing and subcutaneous insulin delivery was evaluated in 10 subjects with type 1 diabetes (2 men, 8 women, mean [+/-SD] age 43.4 +/- 11.4 years, duration of diabetes 18.2 +/- 13.5 years). Closed-loop control was assessed over approximately 30 h and compared with open-loop control assessed over 3 days. Closed-loop insulin delivery was calculated using a model of the beta-cell's multiphasic insulin response to glucose. Plasma glucose was 160 +/- 66 mg/dl at the start of closed loop and was thereafter reduced to 71 +/- 19 by 1:00 p.m. (preprandial lunch). Fasting glucose the subsequent morning on closed loop was not different from target (124 +/- 25 vs. 120 mg/dl, respectively; P > 0.05). Mean glucose levels were not different between the open and closed loop (133 +/- 63 vs. 133 +/- 52 mg/dl, respectively; P > 0.65). However, glucose was within the range 70-180 mg/dl 75% of the time under closed loop versus 63% for open loop. Incidence of biochemical hypoglycemia (blood glucose <60 mg/dl) was similar under the two treatments. There were no episodes of severe hypoglycemia. The data provide proof of concept that glycemic control can be achieved by a completely automated external closed-loop insulin delivery system.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Li2In2MQ6 (M = Si, Ge; Q = S, Se): A New Series of IR Nonlinear Optical Materials (2012)

The four isostructural compounds Li(2)In(2)MQ(6) (M = Si, Ge; Q = S, Se) have been synthesized for the first time. They crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc with the three-dimensional framework composed of corner-sharing LiQ(4), InQ(4), and MQ(4) tetrahedra. The second-harmonic-generation signal intensities of the two sulfides and two selenides were close to those of AgGaS(2) and AgGaSe(2), respectively, when probed with a laser with 2090 nm as the fundamental wavelength. They possess large band gaps of 3.61(2) eV for Li(2)In(2)SiS(6), 3.45(2) eV for Li(2)In(2)GeS(6), 2.54(2) eV for Li(2)In(2)SiSe(6), and 2.30(2) eV for Li(2)In(2)GeSe(6), respectively. Moreover, these four compounds all melt congruently at relatively low temperatures, which makes it feasible to grow bulk crystals needed for practical application by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.
A digital multiplexed fiber optic transmission system for analog audio signals (2002)

The distribution of multiple high-fidelity audio signals over distances up to several kilometers has potential applications in commercial and institutional settings. A fiber-optic system for six channels is described. The system employs time division multiplexing to transmit six audio signals over a single optical fiber. The transmission circuitry is simplified by the use of a second fiber to transmit the system clock frequency. The system is designed for a frequency response of 100 Hz-20 kHz +or-1 dB over a minimum range of 1 km. A prototype of the design was assembled and preliminary tests indicated satisfactory performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>