gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of Commercial Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors Using a New Crystal Growth Inhibition Approach Highlighting Major Differences Between Them (2013)

Abstract Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors (KHIs) are one of the two types of Low Dose Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHIs) which are more and more used for gas hydrate control in the oil and gas industry, offering significant CAPEX advantages over traditional thermodynamic inhibitors (e.g. methanol, glycols). As KHIs are traditionally considered "nucleation inhibitors", their lab evaluation is generally undertaken by measurement of an "induction" or "hold" time before hydrates start effectively to form. However, as nucleation is stochastic by nature, obtaining repeatable/transferrable data is often highly problematic and time-consuming, making robust evaluation difficult. A new crystal growth inhibition (CGI) approach has been recently published which showed that KHIs induce a number of highly repeatable, well-defined hydrate crystal growth inhibition regions as a function of subcooling, ranging from "complete" inhibition, through severely to moderately reduced growth rates, ultimately to final rapid/catastrophic growth as subcooling increases. Delineation of these regions provides much more reliable and rapid means to evaluate the relative performance of KHIs under simulated worst case scenario conditions. Nine commercial KHIs have been provided by vendors for one gas/condensate field development in the Middle-East. The screening of these nine KHIs with the CGI method highlighted great variations in their ability to inhibit crystal growth. Furthermore, the ability of some KHIs to completely or severely inhibit hydrate growth even when modest fractions of hydrate (&amp;gt;1% of converted water) are present strongly demonstrates that commercial KHIs can act very differently and that this test method allows to identify "robust" additives compatible with real operating conditions.
Tunablity of the unconventional Fano resonances in coated nanowires with radial anisotropy (2013)

We establish full-wave electromagnetic scattering theory to study the near-field and far-field spectra of radially anisotropic coated nanowires. For coated nanowires containing radially anisotropic core and plasmonic shell, unconventional Fano resonances are predicted due to the interference between dipole cloaking mode and dipole resonant mode. In contrast to Z-shaped Fano profile with small modulation depth for coated nanospheres in Argyropoulos et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 263905 (2012), we predict S-shaped Fano profile with high depth for coated nanowires. An off-resonance field enhancement in the radially anisotropic core is found at the Fano dip, and its' magnitude is approximately the same as that the one at the low-energy resonant wavelength. Furthermore, with our adjustment of the inner size and the permittivity elements of the anisotropic core, tunable Fano-like profiles can be realized. These results may be useful for potential applications in different fields of nanotechnology.
Digital refraction distortion correction with an astigmatic coherence sensor (2002)

We demonstrate the sensing and correction of an isoplanatic refractive distortion (not lens aberrations), using the complete measurement of the partially coherent field in an aperture that the previously described astigmatic coherence sensor provides. Isoplanatic distortions, and in general distortions that do not cause energy loss, maintain the orthogonality of the coherent modes. We use the fact that a common distortion will occur to all coherent modes to separate the distortion from the source behind it, rather than requiring a reference source at a different wavelength. Digital deconvolution was performed on the full four-dimensional partially coherent field for simultaneously computing the distortion and the source intensity distribution.
Supramolecular BioNanocomposites: Grafting of Biobased Polylactide to Carbon Nanoparticle Surfaces (2009)

Novel carbon nanostructures are attracting increasing interest and the combination of graphitic substrates with grafted biodegradable polymers may ultimately be of interest in a variety of biomedical and sensing applications. Here, a novel graphitic nanosubstrate, carbon nanospheres derived from cellulose, is functionalized with polylactides (PLA) using an established thionyl chloride intermediate scheme; the resulting supramolecular bionanocomposite is 97% from renewable resources. In addition, a direct ‘grafting from’ approach is utilized to grow polylactide chains on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In the latter case, unlike previous approaches, the ring-opening polymerization is initiated directly from a hydroxyl bearing surface. Verification of the covalent attachment and characterization of the grafted layer are accomplished via a variety of techniques and methods. Even after repeated washing, thermal gravimetric analysis clearly shows the presence of a grafted layer, which decomposes at approximately 300°C, a value characteristic of PLA; it is found that 20 mg m–2 of PLA is grafted to the MWCNT and 3.9 mg m–2 of PLA is grafted to the carbon nanospheres. Solubility tests clearly show the graphitic structures have been fundamentally altered in their physiochemical properties; they become highly soluble in chloroform after the grafting reaction is complete. Transmission electron microscopy provides evidence of a 2–3 nm thick polymer layer. Finally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows several characteristic peaks of PLA including the ester group at 1760 cm–1.
Commentary on Nasal Valve Insufficiency in Dermatologic Surgery (2020)

Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri The author has indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Parasitic-Aware Simulation-Based Optimization Design Tool for Current Steering VGAs (2022)

Designing millimeter-wave variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) is very challenging owing to the parasitic effects of the interconnects of both active and passive devices. An automated parasitic-aware optimization RF design tool is proposed in this paper to address this challenge. The proposed tool considers the parasitic effects prior to layout. It employs a knowledge-aware optimization technique. The augmentation between parasitic-aware and knowledge-aware techniques speeds up the design process and leads to a design as close to the final design after finalizing the layout. The proposed tool gives limitless and guaranteed converged solutions in a wide range of RF frequencies. A four-bits current steering VGA design is used as a validation of the tool. The tool is tested on three different frequencies using the 65 nm-technology node. The three tested frequencies (7, 10, and 13 GHz) show a root mean square gain error at approximately 0.1 dB and a phase variation at approximately 3.5° within a 16-dB gain control range. To our knowledge, it is the first reported automated design tool for a current steering VGA.
Western Blot Analysis (2012)

Electrophoresis and the following western blot analysis are indispensable to investigate biochemical changes in cells and tissues exposed to nanoparticles or nanomaterials. Proteins should be extracted from the cells and tissues using a proper method, especially when phosphorylated proteins are to be detected. It is important to select a good blocking agent and an appropriate pair of primary and peroxidase-tagged secondary antibodies to obtain good results in western blot analysis. One thing that may be specific to nanomaterials, and that you should keep in mind, is that some proteins may be adsorbed on the surface of particulate nanomaterials. In this chapter the whole process of western blot analysis, from sample preparation to quantitative measurement of target proteins, is described.
Understanding the temporal evolution of neuronal connectivity in cultured networks using statistical analysis (2014)

Micro-Electrode Array (MEA) technology allows researchers to perform long-term non-invasive neuronal recordings in-vitro while actively interacting with the cultured neurons. Despite numerous studies carried out using MEAs, many functional, chemical and structural mechanisms of how dissociated cortical neurons develop and respond to external stimuli are not yet well understood because of the lack of quantitative studies that assess how their development can be affected by chronic external stimulation. To investigate network changes, we analyzed a large MEA data set composed of neuron spikes recorded from cultures of dissociated rat cortical neurons plated on MEA dishes with 59 recording electrodes each. Neural network activity was recorded during the first five weeks of each culture’s in-vitro development. Stimulation sessions were delivered to each of the 59 electrodes. The False Discovery Rate technique was used to quantify the temporal evolution of dissociated cortical neurons. Our analysis focused on network responses that occurred within selected time window durations, namely 50 ms, 100 ms and 150 ms after stimulus onset. Our results show an evolution in dissociated cortical neuronal network activity over time, that reflects the network synaptic evolution. Furthermore, we tested the sensitivity of our technique to different observation time windows and found that varying the time windows, allows us to capture different dynamics of the observed responses. In addition, when selecting a 150 ms observation time window, our findings indicate that cultures dissociated from the same brain tissue display trends in their temporal evolution that are more similar than those obtained from different brains. Our results emphasize that the FDR technique can be implemented without the need to make any particular assumptions about the data a priori. The proposed technique was able to capture the well-known dissociated cortical neuron networks’ temporal evolution, that has been previously observed in in-vivo and in intact brain tissue studies. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the time window that is used to capture the stimulus-evoked network responses is a critical parameter to analyze the electrical behavioral and temporal evolution of dissociated cortical neurons.
Ceramic Powder Synthesis by Spray Pyrolysis (1993)

A variety of spray pyrolysis (SP) techniques have been developed to directly produce ceramic powders from solutions. This paper reviews the current status of these processes in terms of the process parameters that enable the formation of particles with controlled morphology and composition. A model incorporating solute diffusion in the droplet and solvent evaporation from the droplet surface is presented to establish the critical parameters leading to solid particle formation. The model illustrates that solid particles can be obtained if solutes with high solubility and a large difference between the critical supersaturation and equilibrium concentration are used and if the process is designed to avoid solvent boiling. It is demonstrated that mixed metal oxide, non‐oxide, and composite particles that are solid, hollow, porous, or fibrous can be produced by modifying the precursor characteristics, solution properties, and process parameters. The physical and chemical flexibility of SP processes offers numerous opportunities for the controlled synthesis of advanced ceramic powders and films. However, production rates are limited by the need to produce &lt; 5‐μm‐diameter droplets and to avoid subsequent droplet coagulation. Developments in process controls, atomization, and system design are required for wider commercialization of SP‐type processes.
Long-Lived Photoluminescence of Molecular Group 14 Compounds through Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (2022)

Photoluminescent molecules exploiting the sizable spin-orbit coupling constants of main group metals and metalloids to access long-lived triplet excited states are relatively rare compared to phosphorescent transition metal complexes. Here we report the synthesis of three air- and moisture-stable group 14 compounds E(<sup>Me</sup>PDP<sup>Ph</sup>)<sub>2</sub>, where E = Si, Ge, or Sn and [<sup>Me</sup>PDP<sup>Ph</sup>]<sup>2-</sup> is the doubly deprotonated form of 2,6-bis(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine. In solution, all three molecules exhibit exceptionally long-lived triplet excited states with lifetimes in the millisecond range and show highly efficient photoluminescence (Φ ≤ 0.49) due to competing prompt fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence at and around room temperature. Temperature-dependent steady-state emission spectra and photoluminescent lifetime measurements provided conclusive evidence for the two distinct emission pathways. Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy allowed further analysis of the intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet manifolds (τ<sub>ISC</sub> = 0.25-3.1 ns) and confirmed the expected trend of increased ISC rates for the heavier elements in otherwise isostructural compounds.
THE EFFECT OF LIPIDS AND SERUM ALBUMIN ON BACTERIAL GROWTH (1947)

Long chain fatty acids have been found to exhibit both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the growth of tubercle bacilli and of a certain unidentified micrococcus culture. The toxicity of the fatty acids was much reduced or abolished by (a) esterification, even when the resulting product was a water-soluble ester, and (b) addition of crystalline serum albumin to the culture medium; other proteins tested were inactive in this respect. Marked growth stimulation of the microorganisms studied was obtained when certain long chain fatty acids were added to the culture medium in the form of their water-soluble esters, or in admixture with adequate amounts of serum albumin. Abundant growth of the micrococcus resulted from the addition of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, or arachidonic acid (0.0001 to 0.001 per cent) to a mineral medium containing glucose as sole source of carbon; in the case of this microbial species, none of the other substances tested could substitute for these unsaturated fatty acids. Enhancement of growth of tubercle bacilli was obtained by adding to the medium 0.001 to 0.01 per cent of a variety of fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated) even in the absence of glucose or of any other readily available carbon compound. These results suggest that long chain fatty acids can affect the growth of different microbial species through different metabolic channels and that, in order to study the mechanism of these metabolic and growth reactions, it is essential to use the fatty acids under conditions where they cannot manifest their toxic properties.
Selective reductions. 23. Asymmetric reduction of representative ketones with diisopinocampheylborane of high optical purity (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reductions. 23. Asymmetric reduction of representative ketones with diisopinocampheylborane of high optical purityHerbert C. Brown and Arun K. MandalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 18, 2996–2999Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00438a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00438a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THERMOSENSITIVITY OF POLIOVIRUS (1963)

Wallis, Craig (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.) and Joseph L. Melnick. Thermosensitivity of poliovirus. J. Bacteriol. 86:499-504. 1963.-Polioviruses are thermosensitive agents, although thermoresistant strains have been obtained and reported in the literature. Such resistant strains can be developed by exposure of the virus to cystine during multiple-cycle yields. Thermoresistant strains can be converted to the thermosensitive state by passing the virus in cells maintained in a cystine-free medium, or by reducing the virus with glutathione. The thermoresistant variants seem to result from the conditions under which virus is grown and harvested. Consequently, many such thermostable polioviruses actually represent phenotypic rather than genotypic variation.
The constitutive expression of the V gene of Parainfluenza virus 5 affects the growth properties of bovine herpesvirus 5 (2014)

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the expression of Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) V protein in bovine cells on the replication of Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). Growth properties of BoHV-5 were evaluated in parental and PIV5 transfected cells. In one-step growth experiments, the BoHV-5 reached higher titers at earlier time points in the transfected cells when compared to the parental cells. The mean plaque size produced by the BoHV-5 in transfected cells was larger than the parental cells. This indicated that the expression of the PIV5 V gene facilitated the release and cell-to-cell spread of BoHV-5 in bovine cells.
Prognostic value of co-expression of STAT3, mTOR and EGFR in gastric cancer (2011)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proteins that mediate intracellular signaling related to cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, have received considerable interest as possible targets for cancer treatment. We examined whether the expression of STAT3, mTOR and EGFR correlates with clinicopathological features and patient outcome in gastric cancer. Tumor samples were obtained from 126 patients with gastric adenocarcinomas who underwent a radical gastrectomy between 1999 and 2002. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), p-mTOR and EGFR was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The relations of these to clinicopathological factors and outcomes were assessed. The expression of p-STAT3 p-mTOR and EGFR positively correlated with the following variables related to tumor progression: the depth of tumor invasion (T1 vs. T2-4; p<0.001, p=0.036 and p<0.001, respectively), lymph node involvement (p=0.008, p=0.027 and p=0.007) and tumor stage (I vs. II-IV; p<0.001, p=0.041 and p<0.001). The expression of p-STAT3 and EGFR was significantly related to distant metastasis and recurrence (p=0.001 and p=0.039), as well as significantly poorer disease-specific survival (DSS; p=0.0018 and p=0.026). The expression of p-STAT3 was a marginally non-significant prognostic factor for DSS (hazard ratio=2.0, 95% CI 0.91-4.5, p=0.082). Increasing expression of p-STAT3, p-mTOR and EGFR was associated with progressively worse DSS. Interactions among p-STAT3, p-mTOR and EGFR may play an important role in tumor progression and outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with elevated toxic bile acids in Parkinson’s disease (2020)

Abstract The gut microbiome can impact brain health and is altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Here, we investigate changes in the functional microbiome in the appendix of PD patients relative to controls by metatranscriptomic analysis. We find microbial dysbiosis affecting lipid metabolism, particularly an upregulation of bacteria responsible for secondary bile acid synthesis. Proteomic and transcript analysis corroborates a disruption in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid catabolism. Bile acid analysis reveals an increase in microbially-derived, toxic secondary bile acids. Synucleinopathy in mice induces similar microbiome alterations to those of PD patients. The mouse model of synucleinopathy has elevated DCA and LCA. An analysis of blood markers shows evidence of biliary abnormalities early in PD, including elevated alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Increased bilirubin levels are also evident before PD diagnosis. In sum, microbially-derived toxic bile acids are heightened in PD and biliary changes may even precede the onset of overt motor symptoms.
Feeding orange pulp improves bone microarchitecture in orchidectomized rats (2006)

This study evaluated effects of enhancing antioxidant status on bone quality in a rat model of osteoporosis. One‐year‐old retired breeder rats were randomly assigned to orchidectomy (ORX) or sham‐surgery (SHAM) treatments. Three days post‐surgery, ORX rats were assigned to the following treatments: ORX, ORX + 2.5% powdered orange pulp, ORX + 5.0% and ORX + 10% orange pulp. These isonitrogenous, isocaloric modified AIN‐93M diets with equal fiber content were pair fed for 4 months to the mean intake of SHAM. At the end of the study, blood and bone were collected. Plasma antioxidant capacity was determined spectrophotometrically and bone microarchitecture was assessed using microcomputed tomography. With a significant F statistic by ANOVA, the least square means procedure in SAS (version 9.1) was used to separate treatment differences (p&lt;0.05). Lack of testosterone decreased (p&lt;0.05) antioxidant status while feeding orange pulp as low as 2.5% maintained antioxidant capacity of ORX rats to that of SHAM. In 4 th lumbar trabecular cores, ORX rats had significantly reduced bone volume fraction, connectivity density, and trabecular number and increased trabecular separation. Five percent orange pulp tended and 10% orange pulp significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and decreased trabecular separation compared to SHAM. (Supported by USDA Grants 2001‐52102‐02294, 2004‐34402‐14768, TAMUK Research Council &amp; Okla. Agricultural Expt. Station).
Software process data quality and characteristics (2009)

Software process data gathered from bug tracking databases and version control system log files are a very valuable source to analyze the evolution and history of a project or predict its future. These data are used for instance to predict defects, gather insight into a project's life-cycle, and additional tasks. In this paper we survey five open source projects and one closed source project in order to provide a deeper insight into the quality and characteristics of these often-used process data. Specifically, we first define quality and characteristics measures, which allow us to compare the quality and characteristics of the data gathered for different projects. We then compute the measures and discuss the issues arising from these observation. We show that there are vast differences between the projects, particularly with respect to the quality in the link rate between bugs and commits.