gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic Epidemiology of the Los Angeles COVID-19 Outbreak (2021)

Abstract Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global disruption to human health and activity. Being able to trace the early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 within a locality will inform public health measures and provide insights to contain or prevent the viral transmission to save lives. Investigation of the transmission history requires efficient sequencing methods and analytic strategy, which can be generally useful in the study of viral outbreaks. Methods Los Angeles (LA) County has sustained a large outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To learn about the transmission history, we carried out surveillance viral genome sequencing to determine 142 viral genomes from unique patients seeking care at UCLA Health System. 86 of these genomes are from samples collected before April 19, 2020. Results We found that the early outbreak in LA, as in other international air travel hubs, was seeded by multiple introductions of strains from Asia and Europe. We identified a US-specific strain, B.1.43, which has been found predominantly in California and Washington State. While samples from LA County carry the ancestral B.1.43 genome, viral genomes from neighboring counties in California and from counties in Washington State carry additional mutations, suggesting a potential origin of B.1.43 in Southern California. We quantified the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 over time, and found evidence that the public health measures put in place in LA County to control the virus were effective at preventing transmission, but may have been undermined by the many introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the region. Conclusion Our work demonstrates that genome sequencing can be a powerful tool for investigating outbreaks and informing the public health response. Our results reinforce the critical need for the U.S. to have coordinated inter-state responses to the pandemic.
Indonesian Medicinal Plants. XXII. Chemical Structures of Two New Isopimarane-Type Diterpenes, Orthosiphonones A and B, and a New Benzochromene, Orthochromene A from the Leaves of Orthosiphonaristatus (Lamiaceae). (1999)

Two new isopimarane-type diterpenes named orthosiphonones A and B and a new benzochromene named orthochromene A, have been isolated from the water decoction of the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) collected in Java, Indonesia. Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and chemical evidence.
Recent advances in the frequency domain measurement and modelling of non-linear microwave components (1999)

This paper gives an overview of recently developed frequency domain measurement and modelling techniques for non-linear microwave components. The system architecture and measurement capabilities of the Hewlett-Packard &amp;quot;Nonlinear Network Measurement System&amp;quot; are described. Three modelling techniques, based on the new instrument measurement data, are discussed: empirical models, statespace models and black-box frequency domain models. I. Introduction Last years significant progress has been made in the measurement and modelling methods for non-linear microwave components. Several research groups build measurement systems in order to characterize the large-signal behaviour of transistors and/or diodes under large-signal excitation. The data is often used in order to verify or improve large-signal models of the deviceunder -test (DUT). This paper describes the work performed by the Hewlett-Packard &amp;quot;Network Measurement and Description Group&amp;quot; (NMDG), and the TELEMIC department of...
Sugar Analysis of Fruit Juices: Content and Method (1983)

ABSTRACT The sugar contents of 186 samples of 11 different juices from a nation‐wide sampling were determined by the use of a total sugar analyzer (TSA), a gas‐liquid chromatograph (GLC) or both. Values for total sugar ranged from &lt;3% in most tomato juices to &gt;15% in some lemonades on a ready‐to‐serve basis. Agreement between the two methods was satisfactory.
Heutige und zukünftige Herausforderungen an die Qualitätswissenschaft in Forschung und Praxis : Bericht zur GQW-Jahrestagung 2017 in Erlangen (2017)

Die aktuelle Situation in der Industrie und im Dienstleistungssektor ist durch eine starke Veränderung der Geschäftsmodelle geprägt. Gekoppelt mit der Digitalisierung vieler Geschäftsprozesse bewirkt und erzwingt dies enorme Anpassungen in und zwischen den Organisationen. Diese drastischen Veränderungen müssen vom Qualitätsmanagement (QM) unmittelbar begleitet werden, um mit Methoden und Techniken des Qualitätsmanagements die Prozesse sicher umzugestalten und anschließend angepasste QM-Systeme in einem kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess weiter zu optimieren. Hierzu gibt es keine einheitliche Vorgehensweise. Im Gegenteil, die Heterogenität der Branchen erfordert spezifische Anpassungs- und Umsetzungslösungen. Die GQW-Tagung 2017 trägt dazu bei, unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte in der Transformation der existierenden QM-Systeme im Hinblick auf die neuen Herausforderungen darzustellen.
Uncertainty quantification in geostatistical approach to inverse problems (2014)

We consider the computational challenges associated with uncertainty quantification involved in parameter estimation such as seismic slowness and hydraulic transmissivity fields. The reconstruction of these parameters can be mathematically described as Inverse Problems which we tackle using the Geostatistical approach. The quantification of uncertainty in the Geostatistical approach involves computing the posterior covariance matrix which is prohibitively expensive to fully compute and store. We consider an efficient representation of the posterior covariance matrix at the maximum a posteriori (MAP) point as the sum of the prior covariance matrix and a low-rank update that contains information from the dominant generalized eigenmodes of the data misfit part of the Hessian and the inverse covariance matrix. The rank of the low-rank update is typically independent of the dimension of the unknown parameter. The cost of our method scales as $\bigO(m\log m)$ where $m $ dimension of unknown parameter vector space. Furthermore, we show how to efficiently compute measures of uncertainty that are based on scalar functions of the posterior covariance matrix. The performance of our algorithms is demonstrated by application to model problems in synthetic travel-time tomography and steady-state hydraulic tomography. We explore the accuracy of the posterior covariance on different experimental parameters and show that the cost of approximating the posterior covariance matrix depends on the problem size and is not sensitive to other experimental parameters.
Consequences of defaunation for a tropical tree community (2013)

Hunting affects a considerably greater area of the tropical forest biome than deforestation and logging combined. Often even large remote protected areas are depleted of a substantial proportion of their vertebrate fauna. However, understanding of the long-term ecological consequences of defaunation in tropical forests remains poor. Using tree census data from a large-scale plot monitored over a 15-year period since the approximate onset of intense hunting, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the immediate consequences of defaunation for a tropical tree community. Our data strongly suggest that over-hunting has engendered pervasive changes in tree population spatial structure and dynamics, leading to a consistent decline in local tree diversity over time. However, we do not find any support for suggestions that over-hunting reduces above-ground biomass or biomass accumulation rate in this forest. To maintain critical ecosystem processes in tropical forests increased efforts are required to protect and restore wildlife populations.
Distortion in RF power amplifiers (2003)

Introduction. Some Circuit Theory and Terminology. Memory Effects in RF Power Amplifiers. The Volterra Model. Simulating and Measuring Memory Effects. Cancellation of Memory Effects. Characterization of the Volterra Model. Appendix A: Volterra Analysis in More Detail. Appendix B: IM3 Equations for Cascaded 2nd-Order Distortion Mechanisms. Appendix C: The Truncation Error.
Gas Phase Reactions and Transport in Silicon Epitaxy (1983)

Gas phase transport in Si epitaxial growth has been investigated by means of in situ mass spectrometry measurements of reaction gas concentration profiles. Five species, , , , , and are observed in the reaction gas. Not only (source gas) but the other Si chlorides as well contribute to the surface growth reaction. The primary reaction species shifts from to the other Si chlorides with decreasing gas velocity and with increasing temperature and position along the susceptor.
One-stage exchange (2013)

Based on the first implementation of mixing antibiotics into bone cement in the 1970s, the Endo-Klinik has used one stage exchange for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in over 85% of cases. Looking carefully at current literature and guidelines for PJI treatment, there is no clear evidence that a two stage procedure has a higher success rate than a one-stage approach. A cemented one-stage exchange potentially offers certain advantages, mainly based on the need for only one operative procedure, reduced antibiotics and hospitalisation time. In order to fulfill a one-stage approach, there are obligatory pre-, peri- and post-operative details that need to be meticulously respected, and are described in detail. Essential pre-operative diagnostic testing is based on the joint aspiration with an exact identification of any bacteria. The presence of a positive bacterial culture and respective antibiogram are essential, to specify the antibiotics to be loaded to the bone cement, which allows a high local antibiotic elution directly at the surgical side. A specific antibiotic treatment plan is generated by a microbiologist. The surgical success relies on the complete removal of all pre-existing hardware, including cement and restrictors and an aggressive and complete debridement of any infected soft tissues and bone material. Post-operative systemic antibiotic administration is usually completed after only ten to 14 days.
Improved stride prefetching using extrinsic stream characteristics (2006)

Stride-based prefetching mechanisms exploit regular streams of memory accesses to hide memory latency. While these mechanisms are effective, they can be improved by studying the properties of regular streams. As evidence of this, the establishment of metrics to quantify intrinsic characteristics of regular streams has been shown to enable software-based code optimizations. In this paper we extend previously identified regular stream metrics to quantify extrinsic characteristics of regular streams, and show how these new metrics can be employed to improve the efficiency of stride prefetching. The extrinsic metrics we introduce are stream affinity and stream density. Stream affinity enables prefetching for short streams that were previously ignored by stride prefetching mechanisms. Stream density enables a prioritization mechanism that dynamically selects amongst available streams in favor of those that promise more miss coverage, and provides thrashing control amongst several coexisting streams. Finally, we show that using intrinsic and extrinsic stream metrics in combination allows a novel hardware technique for controlling prefetch ahead distance (PAD) which dynamically adjusts the prefetch launch time to better enable timely prefetches while minimizing cache pollution. For a representative set of SPEC2K traces, our techniques consistently outperform our implementation of the closest previously reported stride-based prefetching technique.
Examination of Embrittlement Failures in Steam Boilers by Scanning Electron Microscopy (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Annual Report 2009: Millimeter Wave Deep Drilling For Geothermal Energy, Natural Gas and Oil MITEI Seed Fund Program (2009)

AccomplishmentsThe scientific basis, technical feasibility, and economic potential of directed energy millimeterwave (MMW) rock drilling at frequencies of 30 to 300 GHz has been investigated as a new approach to access Earth's internal energy resources.Directed energy drilling would overcome the limitations of rotary drilling at great depths or high temperatures.Thermodynamic energy requirements for rock vaporization have been updated from first principles and compared to past experiments with lasers.It is shown that current and future commercial MMW sources could deliver the required energies at affordable costs.Also, the longer wavelengths are superior to shorter wavelengths for directed energy drilling and thereby make it likely that practical directed energy drilling systems can be realized.MIT has filed for a patent (MIT case # 13021), the Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) has joined forces with the MIT Rock Dynamics Laboratory in a proposal to U. S. DOE to continue and expand the research, and a gyrotron system has been acquired by the PSFC for the proposed rock ablation research.
Insights gained from aging research (1992)

The US NRC Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research has implemented hardware-oriented engineering research programs to identify and resolve technical issues related to the aging of systems, structures, and components (SSCs) in operating nuclear power plants. This report provides a summary of those research results which have been compiled and published in NUREGS and related technical reports. The systems, components and structures that have been studied are organized by alphabetical order. The research results summary on the SSCs is followed by an assessment guide to emphasize inspection techniques which may be useful for detecting aging degradation in nuclear power plants. This report will be updated periodically to reflect new research results on these or other SSCs.
Neuroimaging in Patients with Seizures of Probable Frontal Lobe Origin (1989)

Twenty-two patients whose electroclinical ictal characteristics suggested frontal lobe seizure foci were studied. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed abnormalities in only 32% of patients whereas magnetic resonance imaging was informative in 45%. 18FDG-Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning revealed decreased metabolism in 64% of the group. The areas of hypometabolism were focal, regional, or hemispheric. Focal frontal hypometabolism was significantly correlated with the electroclinical (semiologic) ictal localization. Therefore, FDG-PET scanning is a sensitive and specific technique for investigating patients with seizures of probable frontal lobe origins.
Microvessel density in prostate cancer: lack of correlation with tumor grade, pathologic stage, and clinical outcome (1999)

Objectives. Angiogenesis is believed to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Previous studies have suggested that the microvessel density (MVD) of prostate tumors may be of prognostic value. This study investigated the reliability of assessing MVD in radical prostatectomy specimens and its value as an independent prognostic indicator in men with clinically localized prostate cancer.Methods. One hundred radical prostatectomy specimens from 1993 to 1995 were randomly selected for this study. Thirteen cases were excluded because the patients had undergone neoadjuvant hormonal therapy or tissue blocks were unavailable. The median follow-up time was 36 months. Tumor blocks were immunostained using the endothelial-specific antibody CD31. MVD was counted in areas with the greatest microvessel immunostaining, which were designated “hot spots.” MVD was analyzed for associations with clinical and pathologic factors. In a subset of 60 cases, the same observer repeated the counts three times.Results. Intraobserver reliability for MVD counting was excellent (reliability coefficient 0.82), demonstrating that this method could be reproduced by a single observer. MVD was not associated with Gleason sum, tumor stage, surgical margin status, or seminal vesicle invasion. Of the 87 patients, 20 (23%) had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure during a 36-month median follow-up time. As expected, Gleason sum and tumor stage were strong predictors of PSA failure, with risk ratios of 2.1 and 2.3, respectively. In contrast, MVD was not associated with PSA failure.Conclusions. MVD, as determined by CD31, can be reliably measured by a single observer, but it is not a useful prognostic indicator for men with clinically localized prostate cancer.
Computation of time-domain impulse-response from band-limited ship power distribution models using wavelet transformation (2017)

The impulse response of components and network interconnections within the power distribution system of an all-electric ship can be a useful tool for investigating certain fault conditions as well as common-mode current effects. Due to the large size of the ship compared to the wavelengths of the frequency of interest, time-domain measurement or simulation is a time-consuming process. Therefore, behavioral models described in the frequency domain, such as “Scattering” or S parameters, are often used to calculate the time domain impulse response. As simulated or measured scattering parameters are missing the DC and/or close to DC components, the calculated time domain response is an incomplete reconstruction and thus inaccurate. This paper addresses a novel recursive algorithm which is used to apply a continuous wavelet transform to the frequency data for calculating the time-domain impulse response of the ship power system precisely. The results show good agreement between the calculated impulse response using the S-parameter model reconstructed with the wavelet transform and a reference time-domain simulation.
Recurrent Dermatomal Vesicular Skin Lesions (2003)

Wereport the first case, to our knowledge, of a patient with a history of recurrent zosteriform (dermatomal vesicular) skin eruptions and concurrent aseptic meningitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proved that aseptic meningitis was caused by HSV-2.
Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Downregulated miR329 and miR410 Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Wnt-7b (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S4. Supplementary Table S1: Clinicopathological characteristics of 40 pairs of OSCC specimens and their corresponding non-tumorous epithelia. Supplementary Table S2: A list of deregulated miRNA in 40 pairs of OSCC specimens and their corresponding non-tumorous epithelia. Supplementary Table S3: Characteristics of 83 OSCC patients for Wnt-7b IHC study. Supplementary Table S4: Top ten of enriched transcriptional factors in miRNA overexpression.&lt;/p&gt;
Non-destructive and Rapid Prediction of Moisture Content in Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Powder Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy and a Partial Least Squares Regression Model (2014)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a technique for the non-destructive and rapid prediction of the moisture content in red pepper powder using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. Methods: Three red pepper powder products were separated into three groups based on their particle sizes using a standard sieve. Each product was prepared, and the expected moisture content range was divided into six or seven levels from 3 to 21% wb with 3% wb intervals. The NIR reflectance spectra acquired in the wavelength range from 1,100 to 2,300 nm were used for the development of prediction models of the moisture content in red pepper powder. Results: The values of <TEX>$R{_V}{^2}$</TEX>, SEP, and RPD for the best PLSR model to predict the moisture content in red pepper powders of varying particle sizes below 1.4 mm were 0.990, <TEX>${\pm}0.487%$</TEX> wb, and 10.00, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy and a PLSR model could be useful techniques for measuring rapidly and non-destructively the moisture content in red pepper powder.
Generation of Therapeutic T-Lymphocytes After In Vivo Tumor Transfection with an Allogeneic Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene (1995)

In an effort to enhance the generation of tumor-reactive T-lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy, we examined the effects of in vivo transfection of an allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene (H-2Ks) of the poorly immunogenic B16BL6 (BL6) melanoma of H-2b origin. Cells from lymph nodes (LNs) draining these tumors after transfection were assessed in adoptive immunotherapy experiments for tumor reactivity after sequential activation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) followed by culture in interleukin (IL)-2. H-2Ks lipofection of progressively growing BL6 subcutaneous tumors did not reduce tumorigenicity. However, in vivo lipofection of BL6 by intratumor inoculation or admixture of H-2Ks cDNA/liposome complexes and tumor cells prior to inoculation resulted in enhanced development of sensitized T-lymphocytes in the draining LN, which mediated the reduction of the numbers of established 3-day parental lung metastases in six of six experiments. In subsequent studies, in vivo transfection of BL6 with naked H-2Ks cDNA was found to be more effective than lipofection in eliciting sensitized T-cells in the draining LN. Admixture of liposomes alone or control plasmid DNA did not have an adjuvant effect similar to H-2Ks cDNA. Relative tumor transfection efficiency was assessed by an indirect assay with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. BL6 tumors were more efficiently transfected by intratumor inoculation with naked cDNA compared with lipofection. In summary, in vivo allogenization of the poorly immunogenic BL6 tumor resulted in enhanced generation of therapeutic T-cells effective in the treatment of parental tumor.
Determination of the liquid-crystal surface elastic constantK24 (1991)

Analysis of the Frank free energy for nematics confined to cylindrical regions indicates that the director pattern is dependent on the surface elastic constant ${\mathit{K}}_{24}$ if there is weak normal anchoring and escape along the cylinder axis. Using deuterium nuclear-magnetic-resonance techniques on samples of submicrometer-size cavities in Nuclepore membranes, we report the first measurement of ${\mathit{K}}_{24}$.