gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and structural analyses suggest that plasminogen activators coevolved with their cognate protein substrates and inhibitors (2019)

Protein sequences of members of the plasminogen activation system are present throughout the entire vertebrate phylum. This important and well-described proteolytic cascade is governed by numerous protease-substrate and protease-inhibitor interactions whose conservation is crucial to maintaining unchanged protein function throughout evolution. The pressure to preserve protein-protein interactions may lead to either co-conservation or covariation of binding interfaces. Here, we combined covariation analysis and structure-based prediction to analyze the binding interfaces of urokinase (uPA):plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and uPA:plasminogen complexes. We detected correlated variation between the S3-pocket-lining residues of uPA and the P3 residue of both PAI-1 and plasminogen. These residues are known to form numerous polar interactions in the human uPA:PAI-1 Michaelis complex. To test the effect of mutations that correlate with each other and have occurred during mammalian diversification on protein-protein interactions, we produced uPA, PAI-1, and plasminogen from human and zebrafish to represent mammalian and nonmammalian orthologs. Using single amino acid point substitutions in these proteins, we found that the binding interfaces of uPA:plasminogen and uPA:PAI-1 may have coevolved to maintain tight interactions. Moreover, we conclude that although the interaction areas between protease-substrate and protease-inhibitor are shared, the two interactions are mechanistically different. Compared with a protease cleaving its natural substrate, the interaction between a protease and its inhibitor is more complex and involves a more fine-tuned mechanism. Understanding the effects of evolution on specific protein interactions may help further pharmacological interventions of the plasminogen activation system and other proteolytic systems.
Dual action of the cannabinoid receptor 1 ligand arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide on calcitonin gene-related peptide release (2022)

Results from the present study indicate that ACEA per se does not exhibit antimigraine potential due to its dual agonistic properties, resulting in activation of both CB1 and TRPV1, and thereby inhibition and stimulation of CGRP release, respectively.
Translation tables: A genetic code in a evolutionary algorithm (2011)

The genetic code that maps triples of DNA onto amino acids, is a central part of the biochemistry of life. In this study we incorporate an analogous code, called a translation table, into the self-avoiding walk test problem. Use of a translation table permits evolution of both the distribution of commands and the behavior of the mutation operator. It thus can evolve to encode two types of domain knowledge about the test problem. The translation tables are shown to specialize to specific cases of the test problem but yield no significant improvement in performance. The emergence of encoded problem-specific knowledge in the translation tables is demonstrated. A translation table constructed from extrapolation of the evolutionary trend yields a performance improvement, suggesting that the current algorithm would require more time than that allocated in the experiments to locate translation tables that would enhance performance. A tentative technique for overcoming this limitation is outlined.
Metabolites from the purple heartwood of mimosoideae. Part 3. Acacia crombei C. T. White: structure and partial synthesis of crombenin, a natural spiropeltogynoid (1981)

Crombenin, 4,4′,6,6′,7-pentahydroxyisochroman-3′-spirobenzofuran-3(2H)-one, the first spiropeltogynoid, is related to the concomitant crombeone (8-hydroxypeltogynone) from which it is derived via oxidation with alkaline hydrogen peroxide of the chalcone intermediate. The method of synthesis and i.r. spectroscopy define the stereochemistry as either 2(3′)R,4′R or 2(3′)S,4′S. Crombenin is accompanied by the first natural 5,6-dihydroxyphthalide.
Multilayer, Multimaterial Thermal Barrier Coating Systems: Design, Synthesis, and Performance Assessment (2015)

Thermal barrier coatings ( TBC s) are increasingly playing a vital role in enhancing efficiency and performance of gas turbine engines. As engine operating temperatures rise, yttria‐stabilized zirconia ( YSZ ), the currently principal TBC material, reaches its operational limits. Gadolinium Zirconate ( GDZ )‐based pyrochlore oxides are now emerging contenders, not only due to their lower thermal conductivity, but also their ability to resist attack by silicate deposits. However, GDZ cannot be directly substituted for YSZ due to its incompatibility with the thermally grown alumina layer, therefore requiring to be a component of multilayer system. Although industry has already adopted these materials in various applications, a number of fundamental issues arise with respect to layered‐coating design, their properties and processing dependence. In this study several multilayer architectures, based on the YSZ – GDZ system, have been developed and tested for durability under furnace thermal cycling conditions. Coating designs considered optimization of microstructure and properties of individual layers based on their location within the top‐coat thickness to address competing interests of thermal conductivity, compliance, and resistance to silicates. A large variance in durability was observed in coatings made with different multilayer designs. The results and the associated failure mechanisms are rationalized through preliminary evaluation of elastic energies at the failure locations and corresponding energy release rates. The results point to new strategies in the design and manufacturing of optimal multilayer coatings.
Early Risk, Attention, and Brain Activation in Adolescents Born Preterm (2006)

The relations among early cumulative medical risk, cumulative environmental risk, attentional control, and brain activation were assessed in 15-16-year-old adolescents who were born preterm. Functional magnetic resonance imaging found frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex activation during an attention task with greater activation of the left superior-temporal and left supramarginal gyri associated with better performance. Individual differences in early cumulative risk are related to patterns of brain activation such that medical risk is related to left parietal cortex activation and environmental risk is related to temporal lobe activation. The findings suggest that early risk is related to less mature patterns of brain activation, including reduced efficiency of processing and responding to stimuli.
Inverse-designed optical phased array with a wide steering angle (2022)

A slow-light photonic crystal waveguide is demonstrated for a group index of 25 using photonic inverse design. We construct optical phased arrays with a 7-fold increase in steering angle at a given spectral bandwidth.
sustained isometric contractions submaximal EMG amplitude at task failure of Neuromuscular adjustments that constrain (2011)

You might find this additional info useful...This article cites 62 articles, 33 of which can be accessed free at:http://jap.physiology.org/content/111/2/485.full.html#ref-list-1 Updated information and services including high resolution figures, can be found at:http://jap.physiology.org/content/111/2/485.full.html Additional material and information about Journal of Applied Physiology can be found at:http://www.the-aps.org/publications/japplThis infomation is current as of August 31, 2011.€
Knockdown of p53 combined with expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase is sufficient to immortalize primary human ovarian surface epithelial cells (2006)

Ovarian cancer is developed from a single layer of thin epithelial cells covering the surface of ovary, named human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Like all primary human cells, human ovarian surface epithelial cells have a finite life span and will go into senescence and eventually die when cultured in vitro. Immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cells will provide an important model system with which to study ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Here, we show that silencing p53 expression with retrovirus-mediated small interfering RNA can delay the senescence and extend cell passage number, but is not sufficient to immortalize normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Introduction of the catalytic subunit of telomerase is similarly insufficient to achieve immortalization. However, concurrent disruption of p53 expression with small interfering RNA retroviral constructs and ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase was sufficient to induce cellular immortalization in 3 of 3 human ovarian surface epithelial cell cultures tested. The immortalization is associated with increased telomerase activity and telomere length, and attenuated response of cell-cycle regulatory proteins to irradiation. The resultant immortal cells continued to express the same specific cytokeratins 8 and 18 as parental cells did, indicating that the epithelial characters are still maintained in the immortal cells. In addition, the immortalized cells are non-tumorigenic and nearly diploid, which is in constrast with one immortalized by SV40 T/t antigens and hTERT. As both p53 pathway dysfunction and activation of telomerase are commonly present in human ovarian cancer, these immortal cells provide an authetic cell model system for the study of the human ovarian cancer initiation, progression, differentiation and chemoprevention.
Differential Role for c-Rel and C/EBPβ/δ in TLR-Mediated Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines (2009)

TLR stimulation triggers a signaling pathway via MyD88 and IL-1R-associated kinase 4 that is essential for proinflammatory cytokine induction. Although NF-kappaB has been shown to be one of the key transcriptional regulators of these cytokines, evidence suggests that other factors may also be important. In this study, we showed that MyD88-deficient macrophages have defective c-Rel activation, which has been linked to IL-12p40 induction, but not IL-6 or TNF-alpha. We also investigated other transcription factors and showed that C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta expression was limited in MyD88- or IL-1R-associated kinase 4-deficient macrophages treated with LPS. Importantly, the absence of both C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta resulted in the impaired induction of proinflammatory cytokines stimulated by several TLR ligands. Our results identify c-Rel and C/EBPbeta/delta as important transcription factors in a MyD88-dependent pathway that regulate the induction of proinflammatory cytokines.
The role of Bh4 in parallel evolution of hull colour in domesticated and weedy rice (2013)

The two independent domestication events in the genus Oryza that led to African and Asian rice offer an extremely useful system for studying the genetic basis of parallel evolution. This system is also characterized by parallel de-domestication events, with two genetically distinct weedy rice biotypes in the US derived from the Asian domesticate. One important trait that has been altered by rice domestication and de-domestication is hull colour. The wild progenitors of the two cultivated rice species have predominantly black-coloured hulls, as does one of the two U.S. weed biotypes; both cultivated species and one of the US weedy biotypes are characterized by straw-coloured hulls. Using Black hull 4 (Bh4) as a hull colour candidate gene, we examined DNA sequence variation at this locus to study the parallel evolution of hull colour variation in the domesticated and weedy rice system. We find that independent Bh4-coding mutations have arisen in African and Asian rice that are correlated with the straw hull phenotype, suggesting that the same gene is responsible for parallel trait evolution. For the U.S. weeds, Bh4 haplotype sequences support current hypotheses on the phylogenetic relationship between the two biotypes and domesticated Asian rice; straw hull weeds are most similar to indica crops, and black hull weeds are most similar to aus crops. Tests for selection indicate that Asian crops and straw hull weeds deviate from neutrality at this gene, suggesting possible selection on Bh4 during both rice domestication and de-domestication.
Biological Effects of Culture Substrates on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

In recent years, as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been commonly cultured in feeder-free conditions, a number of cell culture substrates have been applied or developed. However, the functional roles of these substrates in maintaining hPSC self-renewal remain unclear. Here in this review, we summarize the types of these substrates and their effect on maintaining hPSC self-renewal. Endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression has been shown to be crucial in maintaining hPSC self-renewal. These ECM molecules interact with integrin cell-surface receptors and transmit their cellular signaling. We discuss the possible effect of integrin-mediated signaling pathways on maintaining hPSC self-renewal. Activation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which transmits ECM-integrin signaling to AKT (also known as protein kinase B), has been shown to be critical in maintaining hPSC self-renewal. Also, since naïve pluripotency has been widely recognized as an alternative pluripotent state of hPSCs, we discuss the possible effects of culture substrates and integrin signaling on naïve hPSCs based on the studies of mouse embryonic stem cells. Understanding the role of culture substrates in hPSC self-renewal and differentiation enables us to control hPSC behavior precisely and to establish scalable or microfabricated culture technologies for regenerative medicine and drug development.
Towards an Optimal Footprint Based Area Coverage Strategy for a False-Ceiling Inspection Robot (2021)

False-ceiling inspection is a critical factor in pest-control management within a built infrastructure. Conventionally, the false-ceiling inspection is done manually, which is time-consuming and unsafe. A lightweight robot is considered a good solution for automated false-ceiling inspection. However, due to the constraints imposed by less load carrying capacity and brittleness of false ceilings, the inspection robots cannot rely upon heavy batteries, sensors, and computation payloads for enhancing task performance. Hence, the strategy for inspection has to ensure efficiency and best performance. This work presents an optimal functional footprint approach for the robot to maximize the efficiency of an inspection task. With a conventional footprint approach in path planning, complete coverage inspection may become inefficient. In this work, the camera installation parameters are considered as the footprint defining parameters for the false ceiling inspection. An evolutionary algorithm-based multi-objective optimization framework is utilized to derive the optimal robot footprint by minimizing the area missed and path-length taken for the inspection task. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is analyzed using numerical simulations. The results are validated on an in-house developed false-ceiling inspection robot-Raptor-by experiment trials on a false-ceiling test-bed.
PROLONGED XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL INDUCED BY ICOS-IG IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED FOXP3+ CELLS (2010)

Hodgson, R.1; Ziolkowski, A.2; Christiansen, D.3; Mouhtouris, E.4; Simeonovic, C. J.2; Ierino, F.5; Sandrin, M. S.6 Author Information
Comprehensive Analysis of CD4+ T Cells in the Decision between Tolerance and Immunity In Vivo Reveals a Pivotal Role for ICOS (2012)

We have established a comprehensive in vivo mouse model for the CD4(+) T cell response to an "innocuous" versus "dangerous" exogenous Ag and developed an in vivo test for tolerance. In this model, specific gene-expression signatures, distinctive upregulation of early T cell-communication molecules, and differential expansion of effector T cells (Teff) and regulatory T cells (Treg) were identified as central correlates of T cell tolerance and T cell immunity. Different from essentially all other T cell-activation molecules, ICOS was found to be induced in the immunity response and not by T cells activated under tolerogenic conditions. If expressed, ICOS did not act as a general T cell costimulator but selectively caused a massive expansion of effector CD4(+) T cells, leaving the regulatory CD4(+) T cell compartment largely undisturbed. Thus, ICOS strongly contributed to the dramatic change in the balance between Ag-specific Teff and Treg from ∼1:1 at steady state to 21:1 at the height of the immune response. This newly defined role for the balance of Teff to Treg, together with its known key function in T cell help for B cells, establishes ICOS as a central mediator of immunity. Given its exceptionally selective induction on CD4(+) T cells under inflammatory, but not tolerogenic, conditions, ICOS emerges as a pivotal effector molecule in the early decision between tolerance and immunity to exogenous Ag.
Specimen design for the fatigue lifetime evaluation of a forged material (2013)

International audience
Real-Time Gas-Phase Analysis of Mono- to Tri-Chlorobenzenes Generated from Heated MSWI Fly Ashes Containing Various Metal Compounds: Application of VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS (2010)

We measured sensitive real-time change of low-chlorinated (Cl(1)-Cl(3)) benzenes in gas phase from heated model and real solid samples using the recently developed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single-photon ionization (SPI) ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer (VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS). Model solid samples that contained activated carbon, potassium chloride, silicon dioxide, and trace metallic compounds (copper, iron, lead, and zinc) were used to simulate fly ash at a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The concentrations of chlorobenzenes determined by integrating the area for 30 min using VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS were correlated with gas-phase concentrations analyzed by GC/MS. Real-time changes had characteristic patterns dependent on metal species and compounds. Comparing gas-phase real-time patterns of low-chlorinated benzenes between real and model fly ashes, copper chloride- and oxide-like compounds in real fly ash at the postcombustion zone in a MSWI may play key factors in the formation of low-chlorinated benzenes. Lead and zinc compounds and iron oxide in solid phase did not affect the formation of low-chlorinated benzenes in gas phase. VUV-SPI-IT-TOFMS can be applied to the time-dependent characterization of volatile low-chlorinated benzenes in gas phase in various artificial and environmental processes.
Electron impact excitation of H2: resonance excitation of B1 u (Jj 2,vj 0) and effective excitation function of EF1 g (2003)

The electron impact emission function of the P(3) branch for the (0, 4) band of the H2 B 1Σ u+–X 1Σ g+ band system has been measured from threshold to 1800 eV. The emission function exhibits structure indicating strong contributions from both resonance and non-resonance excitation. The non-resonance component contains direct and cascade contributions. A combination of experimental and theoretical considerations permits separation of resonance, dipole-allowed direct, dipole-allowed indirect, and dipole-forbidden excitation components for the Jj = 2, vj = 0 level of the B 1Σ u+ state. An effective excitation function for the EF 1Σ g+–X 1Σ g+ band system has been obtained from a nonlinear least-squares analysis of the dipole-forbidden component of the B 1Σ u+ state emission function. The absolute value of EF 1Σ g+–X 1Σ g+ cross section is established on the basis of earlier experimental results of Liu et al 1995 Astrophys. J. Suppl. 101 375–99 and 2002 Astrophys J. Suppl. 138 229–45 and Abgrall et al 1997 Astrophys. J. 481 557–66 and 1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 3813–38. A near-threshold apparent resonance excitation cross section of (8.1 ± 3.2) × 10−18 cm2 is obtained for the B 1Σ u+ (Jj = 2 and vj = 0). An EF 1Σ g+–X 1Σ g+ Born cross section has been calculated from the electronic form factor of Kolos et al 1982a J. Chem. Phys. 77 1335–44. Analysis shows that the Born asymptotic shape function of the EF 1Σ g+–X 1Σ g+ band system starts at ∼400 eV, a significantly higher energy than previously expected. The excitation function is especially important for interpreting outer planet atmospheric dayglow and auroral activity and can be used to infer energy deposition and heating rates.
A Gender Recognition System using Shunting Inhibitory Convolutional Neural Networks (2006)

In this paper, we employ shunting inhibitory convolutional neural networks to develop an automatic gender recognition system. The system comprises two modules: a face detector and a gender classifier. The human faces are first detected and localized in the input image. Each detected face is then passed to the gender classifier to determine whether it is a male or female. Both the face detection and gender classification modules employ the same neural network architecture; however, the two modules are trained separately to extract different features for face detection and gender classification. Tested on two different databases, Web and BioID database, the face detector has an average detection accuracy of 97.9%. The gender classifier, on the other hand, achieves 97.2% classification accuracy on the FERET database. The combined system achieves a recognition rate of 85.7% when tested on a large set of digital images collected from the Web and BioID face databases.
Proposed modification for requirements to support context awareness in Y.SUN-context (2012)

This contribution proposes the modification for requirements to support context awareness in Section 10 of Draft Recommendation Y.SUN-context.
Foodways as Transformation in “Peg Bearskin”: The Magical and the Realistic in an Oral Tale (2020)

Foodways link the realistic and the magical in three versions of the traditional folktale “Peg Bearskin” (ATU 711 + ATU 328 + ATU 327B). We consider how this narrative, firmly rooted in domestic experience, with a female central character, speaks ethnographically about the lives of two Newfoundland tellers—Elizabeth Brewer and Pius Power—and their audiences. We argue that food not only marks moments of narrative significance but conveys subtexts that speak of important individual and community issues like family violence.
Presentation Address. (1921)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPresentation Address.Charles F. ChandlerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1921, 13, 2, 160–161Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1921Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1921https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50134a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50134a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts