gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative Differential Resistance in Patterned Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayers (2001)

The phenomenon of negative differential resistance (NDR) is potentially very useful in molecular electronics device schemes. Here, it is shown that NDR can be observed in self-assembled monolayers composed of electroactive thiols on gold. Furthermore, these monolayers can be patterned using a scanning probe lithography technique described earlier to form a basis for potential molecular electronic device construction.
Liposomal nano-drugs based on amphipathic weak acid steroid prodrugs for treatment of inflammatory diseases (2016)

The combination of improved physical-chemistry, PK, BD, tolerability and therapeutic efficacy of these steroidal nano-drugs over the pro-drugs "as-is" support their further clinical development as potential therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive E=C(p‐p)π Systems. Part 14. Synthesis and Structure of Phosphaalkenes of the Type F3CP=C(F)NR2. (1988)

Abstract Perfluoro‐2‐phosphapropene (II) reacts with the sec. amines (I) in the molar ratio of 1:2 to give the title compounds (III).
Secretory phospholipase A2 as a tumor-specific trigger for targeted delivery of a novel class of liposomal prodrug anticancer etherlipids (2004)

The use of many common clinically relevant chemotherapeutics is often limited due to insufficient delivery to the tumor and dose-limiting systemic toxicities. Therefore, therapeutics that specifically target tumor cells and are nontoxic to normal cells are required. Here, we report the development of a novel class of liposomes composed of lipid prodrugs, which use the increased secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2) activity of the tumor microenvironment as a trigger for the release of anticancer etherlipids (AEL). Treatment of sPLA2-secreting tumor cells in vitro with liposomes consisting of proAELs resulted in growth inhibition comparable with addition of the AELs alone. Using a specific sPLA2 inhibitor, we showed the low cytotoxicity of the nonhydrolyzed proAEL liposomes and have proven the sPLA2 dependency of the activation of proAELs to cytotoxic AELs. In addition, we showed that our proAEL liposomes circumvent the inherent hemolytic toxicities associated with the use of etherlipids, thereby allowing i.v. administration of such therapeutics as nontoxic prodrug liposomes. Furthermore, using a sPLA2-secreting human colon cancer xenograft model, we showed that the proAEL liposomes are capable of inducing a tumor growth delay in vivo. Taken together, these data support the validity of this novel tumor-selective liposomal prodrug delivery strategy. This new approach also provides a promising system for tumor-selective delivery and release of conventional chemotherapeutics encapsulated in the sPLA2-degradable prodrug liposomes.
Reducing processor energy consumption by compiler optimization (2009)

Purpose of embedded computing is to transform input data to output format. Functionality required to achieve this goal is therefore combination of operation executions on computing units and data transfers between those units. To avoid memory bottlenecks, processors use register files to store data during computation.
B Cell Receptor Signaling and Protein Kinase D2 Support Regulatory B Cell Function in Pancreatic Cancer (2022)

B cells can act as potent suppressors of anti-tumor T cell immunity, presenting a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, B cells can display a T cell-suppressive or regulatory phenotype centered on the expression of the cytokine Interleukin 35 (IL-35). While B cell-mediated immunosuppression presents a barrier to anti-tumorigenic T cell function, it is not clear how regulatory B cell function could be targeted, and the signals that promote this suppressive phenotype in B cells are not well understood. Here we use a novel IL-35 reporter model to understand which signaling pathways are important for immunosuppressive properties in B cells. In vitro analysis of IL-35 reporter B cells revealed a synergy between the BCR and TLR4 signaling pathways is sufficient to induce IL-35 expression. However, in vivo, B cell receptor activation, as opposed to MyD88 signaling in B cells, is central to B cell-mediated suppression and promotion of pancreatic cancer growth. Further analysis identified protein kinase D2 (PKD2) as being a key downstream regulator of IL-35 expression in B cells. Regulatory B cells with an inactivating mutation in PKD2 failed to produce IL-35 or fully suppress effector T cell function in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of PKD in B cells decreased tumor growth and promoted effector T cell function upon adoptive transfer into B cell-deficient mice. Collectively, these data provide insight into how regulatory B cell function is promoted in pancreatic cancer and identify potential therapeutic targets to restrain this function.
Attacking power grids with secure meters: The case for breakers and Jammers (2014)

Undetectable data attacks on the power grid produces errors in the state estimation that can potentially affect electricity prices as well as make the grid vulnerable to failures. A new hidden attack framework is presented for power grids where all meter measurements are secure from injection of malicious data. An adversary here only jams or blocks meter data from being sent to the control center. Additionally the adversary causes errors in the status of breakers in the grid to change the topological estimate of the grid. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a successful hidden attack in this regime are discussed and an algorithm to determine an optimal attack involving the minimum set of breaker status errors is developed. The efficacy of this novel attack strategy that does not require corruption of any meter data is shown through examples.
Design of a contactless battery charger for cellular phone (2001)

In this paper, the design of a contactless charger for the lithium-ion battery of a cellular phone is presented. In this charger, the primary core of the transformer is in the charger unit and the secondary core is in the telephone. The gap (3 mm) between them is the thickness of the two plastic cases. The transformer core design for the maximum coupling coefficient with the size constraint on the secondary side is presented. Analysis of the primary-side series resonant power converter with the loosely coupled transformer is performed, and the design optimization is presented. For the battery-charging control, a simple control circuit is presented and its performance is verified from the experimental results.
Post‐transcriptional control of Crp–cAMP by RNase LS in Escherichia coli (2008)

Escherichia coli ribonuclease LS was first characterized as a potential antagonist of bacteriophage T4; the E. coli rnlA gene is required for this activity. When rnlA mutant cells were grown on Luria-Bertani agar containing a high concentration of NaCl, their growth was substantially impaired, and introduction of a mutation into crp or cyaA alleviated the NaCl sensitivity. A mutation in rnlA caused fivefold overexpression of Crp. At the same time, the expression of sigma(38) was lower by two- to threefold in an rnlA mutant than in the wild type, which probably accounts for the susceptibility to high NaCl concentration. The overproduction of Crp was eliminated by deletion of the Crp-site II, to which Crp binds to enhance its own transcription in the presence of abnormally high concentration of cAMP. Consistently, introduction of a mutation into cyaA also eliminated the overproduction of Crp. In fact, all of CyaA, cAMP and cyaA transcripts accumulated to high levels and, after induction, cyaA transcripts were markedly stabilized in an rnlA mutant compared with the wild type. We conclude that RNase LS regulates Crp-cAMP concentration by degrading the cyaA transcripts.
MARCKS‐dependent mucin clearance and lipid metabolism in ependymal cells are required for maintenance of forebrain homeostasis during aging (2015)

Ependymal cells (ECs) form a barrier responsible for selective movement of fluids and molecules between the cerebrospinal fluid and the central nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic and barrier functions in ECs decline significantly during aging in mice. The longevity of these functions in part requires the expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS). Both the expression levels and subcellular localization of MARCKS in ECs are markedly transformed during aging. Conditional deletion of MARCKS in ECs induces intracellular accumulation of mucins, elevated oxidative stress, and lipid droplet buildup. These alterations are concomitant with precocious disruption of ependymal barrier function, which results in the elevation of reactive astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages in the interstitial brain tissue of young mutant mice. Interestingly, similar alterations are observed during normal aging in ECs and the forebrain interstitium. Our findings constitute a conceptually new paradigm in the potential role of ECs in the initiation of various conditions and diseases in the aging brain.
Blackhawk Urology (2017)

This case has been significantly revised to update its currency and to be more concise. In early 2015, two partners in an Oklahoma medical practice must reconcile their booming urology business with declines in practice cash flow. The case highlights the difference between cash flow and accounting profits, as well as the common negative effects of growth on cash flow. It provides a straightforward introduction to simple financial-statement modeling and an opportunity to develop intuition on the importance of cash flow to business owners. The case is tailored to an audience with a professional business-practice perspective.
Temporal profile and significance of metabolic failure and trophic changes in the canine cerebral arteries during chronic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (1993)

To investigate the pathogenetic significance of metabolic failure observed in spastic cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the temporal profile of alterations in the arterial content of high-energy phosphates was studied. A canine model of double hemorrhage was used. Constriction of the basilar artery was measured angiographically on Days 3, 5, 7, and 14 after SAH in separate groups of animals. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), guanosine diphosphate, creatine phosphate (CrP), and creatine (Cr) levels in the arteries were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A time-dependent development of angiographic spasm was confirmed. A mild vasospasm was seen in the group studied 3 days after SAH, progressed in the Day 5 group, remained comparably severe in the Day 7 group, and resolved partially in the Day 14 group. The content of high-energy phosphates (ATP, GTP, and CrP) declined rapidly over the course of the study, and a significant reduction in ATP, GTP, and CrP was observed in the Day 3 group. Levels of ATP and CrP decreased further in the Day 5 and 7 groups. The decrement in GTP was completed in the early phase; a significant reduction took place in the Day 3 group, with no progression thereafter and no recovery through Day 14. Total adenylate (ATP + ADP + AMP) and total creatine (Cr + CrP) content diminished markedly over the course of the study. These results indicate that metabolic failure and trophic disturbance in the cerebral artery occurs with a rapid onset following SAH and progresses in close association with the development of vasospasm, suggesting a significant causal relationship with the pathogenesis.
Targeted expression of SLC26A4 rescues hearing and balance in Slc26a4 Δ/Δ mice (2013)

Mutations of SLC26A4 are a common cause for deafness associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct. SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, an anion exchanger expressed in a variety of epithelial cells in the cochlea and the vestibular labyrinth. Slc26a4 Δ/Δ mice develop a severe enlargement of the membranous labyrinth, fail to acquire hearing and balance, and thereby provide a stark model for the human phenotype. Here we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses SLC26A4 under the promoter of ATP6V1B1 . Crossing this transgene into the Slc26a4 Δ/Δ line restored the temporal and spatial expression pattern of pendrin in the endolymphatic sac without inducing expression in the cochlea or the vestibular sensory organs. The transgene prevented enlargement and restored normal hearing and balance. Our study demonstrates that a limited restoration of pendrin is sufficient to restore normal inner ear function. These data in conjunction with notion that pendrin is required for the development but not the maintenance of hearing (Choi et al., 2011) opens the prospect that a spatially and temporally limited therapy may restore a life‐time of normal hearing in Slc26a4 Δ/Δ mice, and possibly humans with SLC26A4 mutations. Supported by NIH‐R01‐ DC012151 , NIH‐P20‐RR 17686, KINBRE, Kansas State University, ANR BLANC 2010‐R10164DD
Infrared medium and short wave fusion algorithm based on helix mapping of differential feature (2022)

With the continuous development and application of dual-band infrared focal plane detector, the demand for dual-band infrared image fusion algorithm which can be applied in engineering is also increasing. Compared with mid-wave infrared (wavelength of 3μm~6μm) and long-wave infrared (wavelength of 8μm ~14μm), short-wave infrared (wavelength of 0.35μm ~3μm) has a greater difference in image performance. Due to the radiation characteristics, short-wave infrared images are more similar to visible images, with more environmental radiation information and detailed features. Therefore, different from the medium and long wave dual-band infrared image fusion, the design of medium and short wave dual-band infrared image fusion is more inclined to retain the rich details of short-wave infrared as much as possible while making the thermal radiation of the target itself more prominent. In this paper, a short-medium wave color fusion algorithm based on the helical mapping of differential features is proposed. The algorithm can map the color of the image to the area that is consistent with the observation habit of human eyes according to the target and scene, which has a richer color hierarchy and retains more short-wave detail features. The algorithm proposed in this paper has been simulated and analyzed in several scenes, and the fusion result is better than the mainstream color fusion algorithm in visual effect, and the objective indicators also have certain advantages. At the same time, the embedded design, simulation and synthesis of the algorithm are carried out on the embedded platform based on FPGA K7 series. At the same time, it shows that the algorithm has very high real-time performance and very low resource occupation, and has the value of engineering realization.
Intermediates in degradation of the erythropoietin receptor accumulate and are degraded in lysosomes (1993)

The erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) is synthesized in transfected Ba/F3 cells as a major 64-kDa endoglycosidase H (Endo H)-sensitive species, with a single N-linked oligosaccharide, and a minor 62-kDa unglycosylated form. Approximately half of the newly made EPO-R is processed to a mature 66-kDa form with a Golgi-processed Endo H-resistant oligosaccharide, of which only a minor fraction is expressed at the cell surface. Both the Endo H-sensitive and the Endo H-resistant forms of the receptor have a half-life of 45-60 min (Yoshimura, A., D'Andrea, A. D., and Lodish, H. F. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87, 4139-4143). The mature, Endo H-resistant form of the EPO-R appears to be degraded in lysosomes or in other acidic organelles, since receptor degradation is blocked by treatment with NH4Cl, chloroquine, or leupeptin. A fraction of the Endo H-resistant EPO-R molecules is cleaved, generating two fragments of 46 and 39 kDa. The sizes of these fragments and their reactivities with carboxyl-terminal-specific antibodies indicate that the receptor is cleaved at two sites in the exoplasmic domain, 7 kDa apart, and carboxyl-terminal to the N-glycosylation site. Both fragments are membrane anchored and are probably formed in a late or post-Golgi compartment, since their formation is blocked by incubation of cells at 20 degrees C or by incubation with brefeldin A. These membrane-anchored COOH-terminal fragments are probably degraded in lysosomes or in other acidic vesicles as cell fractionation demonstrates that they colocalize with lysosomes, and similar to the intact EPO-R, their degradation is inhibited by NH4Cl. Finally, double labeling immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that in NH4Cl-treated cells both intact mature EPO-R and the 46- and 39-kDa fragments accumulate in lysosomes and presumably are normally degraded there. The sensitivity of the EPO-R to endoproteolytic cleavages in its exoplasmic domain may relate to its low surface expression and to its extreme metabolic instability.
Quantitation of changes in protein phosphorylation: A simple method based on stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry (2003)

Reversible protein phosphorylation plays an important role in many cellular processes. However, a simple and reliable method to measure changes in the extent of phosphorylation is lacking. Here, we present a method to quantitate the changes in phosphorylation occurring in a protein in response to a stimulus. The method consists of three steps: (i) enzymatic digestion in H(2)16O or isotopically enriched H(2)18O to label individual pools of differentially phosphorylated proteins; (ii) affinity selection of phosphopeptides from the combined digests by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography; and (iii) dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase to allow for quantitation of changes of phosphorylation by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We applied this strategy to the analysis of the yeast nitrogen permease reactivator protein kinase involved in the target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Alteration in the extent of phosphorylation at Ser-353 and Ser-357 could be easily assessed and quantitated both in wild-type yeast cells treated with rapamycin and in cells lacking the SIT4 phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating nitrogen permease reactivator protein. The method described here is simple and allows quantitation of relative changes in the level of phosphorylation in signaling proteins, thus yielding information critical for understanding the regulation of complex protein phosphorylation cascades.
Sample introduction techniques for atomic spectroscopy (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSample Introduction Techniques for Atomic SpectroscopyRichard F. Browner and Andrew W. BoornCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 7, 875A–888APublication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online5 December 2011Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00271a799https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00271a799research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Parallel Self-Assembly Under Uniform Control Inputs (2018)

We prove that by successively combining subassemblies, we can achieve sublinear construction times for “staged” assembly of microscale objects from a large number of tiny particles, for vast classes of shapes; this is a significant advance in the context of programmable matter and self-assembly for building high-yield microfactories. The underlying model has particles moving under the influence of uniform external forces until they hit an obstacle; particles bond when forced together with a compatible particle. Previous work considered sequential composition of objects, resulting in construction time that is linear in the number N of particles, which is inefficient for large N. Our progress implies critical speedup for constructible shapes; for convex polyominoes, even a constant construction time is possible. We also show that our construction process can be used for pipelining, resulting in an amortized constant production time.
Transferring science to industrial application: Challenges in running commercial trials (2019)

Taking science to the commercial scale isn't easy. Many new technologies fail because of inabilities to run on a commercial scale. Often the laboratory processing conditions are not easily replicat...
Waveflow: boundary-conditioned normalizing flows applied to fermionic wavefunctions (2022)

An efficient and expressive wavefunction ansatz is key to scalable solutions for complex many-body electronic structures. While Slater determinants are predominantly used for constructing antisymmetric electronic wavefunction ansätze, this construction can result in limited expressiveness when the targeted wavefunction is highly complex. In this work, we introduce Waveflow, an innovative framework for learning many-body fermionic wavefunctions using boundary-conditioned normalizing flows. Instead of relying on Slater determinants, Waveflow imposes antisymmetry by defining the fundamental domain of the wavefunction and applying necessary boundary conditions. A key challenge in using normalizing flows for this purpose is addressing the topological mismatch between the prior and target distributions. We propose using O-spline priors and I-spline bijections to handle this mismatch, which allows for flexibility in the node number of the distribution while automatically maintaining its square-normalization property. We apply Waveflow to a one-dimensional many-electron system, where we variationally minimize the system's energy using variational quantum Monte Carlo (VQMC). Our experiments demonstrate that Waveflow can effectively resolve topological mismatches and faithfully learn the ground-state wavefunction.
Optimization of gear shift operations in automatic transmissions (2000)

We propose a method for the optimization of gear shift operations in automatic transmissions. Based on the mechanical model of powertrain the control parameters for the clutch pressure as well as those for the load-reduction are optimized in order to improve the performance of the automatic transmission with respect to passengers comfort and gear shift duration. Scalar criteria, which are capable of describing these effects are formulated. The nonlinear optimization problem is solved with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The results show a significant improvement an terms of the optimization criteria.