gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An air-breathing microfluidic formic acid fuel cell with a porous planar anode: experimental and numerical investigations (2010)

Abstract. This paper reports the fabrication, characterization and numerical simulation of an air-breathing membraneless laminar flow-based fuel cell (LFFC) with carbon-fiber-based paper as anode. The fuel cell uses 1 M formic acid as the fuel. Parameters from experimental results were used to establish a three-dimensional numerical model with COMSOL Multiphysics. The simulation predicts the mass transport and electrochemical reactions of the tested fuel cell using the same geometry and operating conditions. Simulation results predict that the oxygen concentration over air-breathing cathode is almost constant for different flow rates of fuel and electrolyte. In contrast, growth of depletion boundary layer of fuel over anode can be the major reason for low current density and low fuel utilization. At a low flow rate of 10 µl/min, simulation results show a severe fuel diffusion to the cathode side, which is the main reason for the degradation of open-circuit potential from 0.78 V at 500 µl/min to 0.58 V at 10 µl/min as observed in experiments. Decreasing the total flow rate fifty times from 500 µl/min to 10 µl/min only reduces the maximum power density approximately two times from 7.9 mW/cm2 to 3.9 mW/cm2, while fuel utilization increases from 1.03 % to 38.9 % indicating a higher fuel utilization at low flow rates. Numerical simulation can be used for further optimization, to find a compromise between power density and fuel utilization. § To whom correspondence should be addressed (mntnguyen@ntu.edu.sg) Air-breathing Fuel Cell 2
Actualización en patología infecciosa 2019 (2019)

The IX Updating Course of Antimicrobials and Infectious 
Diseases included a review of the main issues in clinical microbiology, epidemiology and clinical aspects for a current 
approach of infectious pathology. The present introduction 
summarizes about the most important meetings related to 
infectious diseases during 2018 (ECCMID, IAS, ASM and ID 
Week). In addition, the course provides a practical information 
to focus on nosocomial infection models, with immunosuppressed patients or complex multidrug-resistant pathogens. 
The closing lecture of this year reviewed the infection during 
donation process.
Kinetic pathway investigations of three‐component photoinitiator systems for visible‐light activated free radical polymerizations (2008)

Abstract Three‐component photoinitiator systems generally include a light‐absorbing photosensitizer (PS), an electron donor, and an electron acceptor. To investigate the key factors involved with visible‐light activated free radical polymerizations involving three‐component photoinitiators and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, we used thermodynamic feasibility and kinetic considerations to study photopolymerizations initiated with either rose bengal or fluorescein as the PS. The Rehm–Weller equation was used to verify the thermodynamic feasibility for the photo‐induced electron transfer reaction. It was concluded that key kinetic factors for efficient visible‐light activated initiation process are summarized in two ways: (1) to retard back electron transfer and recombination reaction steps and (2) to use a secondary reaction step for consuming dye‐based radical and regenerating the original PS (dye). Using the thermodynamic feasibility and kinetic data, we suggest three different kinetic mechanisms, which are (i) photo‐reducible series mechanism, (ii) photo‐oxidizable series mechanism, and (iii) parallel‐series mechanism. Because the photo‐oxidizable series mechanisms most efficiently allow the key kinetic factors, this kinetic pathway showed the highest conversion and rate of polymerization. The kinetic data measured by near‐IR and photo‐differential scanning calorimeter verified that the photo‐oxidizable series mechanism provides the most efficient kinetic pathway in the visible‐light activated free radical polymerizations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 887–898, 2009
Chemical composition and antioxidant-prooxidant potential of a polyphenolic extract and a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction of apple skin (2016)

The apple is a food rich in diverse classes of polyphenols (PP), among which the proanthocyanidins (PCs), which are primarily concentrated in the skin, are one of the most abundant. These compounds are of considerable interest for their possible positive health effects because of their antioxidant properties. However, depending on the classes of PP present (chemical composition) and their relative concentrations in the apple skin, their antioxidant effects vary and some of their components can even generate prooxidant effects. This work determined the chemical composition and antioxidant-prooxidant potential of a polyphenolic extract (PPE) and a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) of apple skin, along with the contribution of their most abundant individual compounds, based on their copper chelating ability, ease in reducing peroxidase-generated free radicals and TEAC (Trolox-Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) assay. For this purpose, chromatographic and colorimetric methods were used. The majority compounds identified in PPE were flavan-3-ols (44.58%), flavonols (42.89%) and dihydrochalcones (11.60%). In PRF, we detected monomers and oligomers from dimers to heptamers, which were composed of 97% (-)-epicatechin and 3% (+)-catechin. The antioxidant potential was notably higher in PRF than in PPE. The (-)-epicatechin monomer and the procyanidin B2 dimer showed more ease in reducing peroxidase-generated free radicals compared to other compounds of the apple skin, whereas phloridzin dihydrochalcone produced prooxidant effects.
High‐Efficiency Electrophosphorescent Copolymers Containing Charged Iridium Complexes in the Side Chains (2007)

A convenient approach to novel charged Ir polymers for optoelectronic devices to achieve red emission was developed. 2-(Pyridin-2-yl)benzimidazole units grafted into the side chains of macroligands (PFCz and PFP) served as ligands for the formation of charged Ir complex pendants with 1-phenylisoquinoline (1-piq). The charged Ir polymers (PFPIrPiq and PFCzIrPiq) showed exclusive Ir(1-piq)(2){N-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzimidazole]hexyl}(+)BF(4)(-) (IrPiq) emission, with the peak at 595 nm. The best device performances were obtained from PFCzIrPiq4 with the device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFCzIrPiq4+PBD (30 wt %)/TPBI/Ba/Al (PBD: 5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole; TPBI: 1,3,5-tris-(2-N-phenylbenzimidazolyl)benzene). A maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.3 % and a luminous efficiency (LE) of 6.9 cd A(-1) with a luminance of 138 cd m(-2) were achieved at a current density of 1.9 mA cm(-2). The efficiencies remained as high as EQE=3.4 % and LE=3.3 cd A(-1) with a luminance of 3770 cd m(-2) at a current density of 115 mA cm(-2). The single-layer devices based on charged Ir polymers also showed high efficiency with the high work-function metal Ag as cathode. The maximum external quantum efficiencies of the devices were 0.64 % and 0.66 % for PFPIrPiq2 and PFPIrPiq10, respectively. A possible mechanism of an electrochemical cell associated with its electrochemical redox pathway for single-layer devices has been proposed. The results showed that the charged Ir polymers are promising candidate materials for polymer optoelectronic devices.
Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells (2012)

Nature has chosen chlorophylls in plants as antennae to harvest light for the conversion of solar energy in complicated photosynthetic processes. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, scientists utilized artificial chlorophylls - the porphyrins - as efficient centres to harvest light for solar cells sensitized with a porphyrin (PSSC). After the first example appeared in 1993 of a porphyrin of type copper chlorophyll as a photosensitizer for PSSC that achieved a power conversion efficiency of 2.6%, no significant advance of PSSC was reported until 2005; beta-linked zinc porphyrins were then reported to show promising device performances with a benchmark efficiency of 7.1% reported in 2007. Meso-linked zinc porphyrin sensitizers in the first series with a push-pull framework appeared in 2009; the best cell performed comparably to that of a N3-based device, and a benchmark 11% was reported for a porphyrin sensitizer of this type in 2010. With a structural design involving long alkoxyl chains to envelop the porphyrin core to suppress the dye aggregation for a push-pull zinc porphyrin, the PSSC achieved a record 12.3% in 2011 with co-sensitization of an organic dye and a cobalt-based electrolyte. The best PSSC system exhibited a panchromatic feature for light harvesting covering the visible spectral region to 700 nm, giving opportunities to many other porphyrins, such as fused and dimeric porphyrins, with near-infrared absorption spectral features, together with the approach of molecular co-sensitization, to enhance the device performance of PSSC. According to this historical trend for the development of prospective porphyrin sensitizers used in PSSC, we review systematically the progress of porphyrins of varied kinds, and their derivatives, applied in PSSC with a focus on reports during 2007-2012 from the point of view of molecular design correlated with photovoltaic performance.
A 47 Million Pixel High-Performance Interline CCD Image Sensor (2015)

A 47-million-pixel (47Mp) interline charge-coupleddevice (CCD) image sensor, the world's highest resolution interline-transfer CCD, has been developed for industrial, machine vision, and aerial photography applications. The sensor features a 5.5-μm pixel, 16-output low-noise amplifier and a lowsmear, fast-dump gate, horizontal lateral overflow drain, and ON-chip temperature sensor. One challenge to manufacture this large sensor is stitching the sensor with different lithography tools, while still achieving equal or better image performance than its predecessor.
The scaling hypothesis (2003)

As the Internet grows, so do the complexity and computational requirements of network simulations. This leads either to unrealistic, or to prohibitely expensive simulation experiments.We explore a way to side-step this problem, by combining simulation with sampling and analysis. Our hypothesis is this: if we take a sample of the traffic, and feed it into a suitably scaled version of the system, we can extrapolate from the performance of the scaled system to that of the original.We find that when we scale a network which is shared by TCP-like flows, and which is controlled by a variety of active queue management schemes, then performance measures such as queueing delay and the distribution of flow transfer times are left virtually unchanged. Hence, the computational requirements of network simulations and the cost of experiments can decrease dramatically.
Evolution by Schrödinger equation of Aharonov–Berry superoscillations in centrifugal potential (2019)

In recent years, we have investigated the evolution of superoscillations under Schrödinger equation with non-singular potentials. In all those cases, we have shown that superoscillations persist in time. In this paper, we investigate the centrifugal potential, which is a singular potential, and we show that the techniques developed to study the evolution of superoscillations in the case of the Schrödinger equation with a quadratic Hamiltonian apply to this setting. We also specify, in the case of the centrifugal potential, the notion of super-shift of the limit solution, a fact explained in the last section of this paper. It then becomes apparent that superoscillations are just a particular case of super-shift.
Yield prediction using calibrated critical area modelling (2002)

This paper describes how critical area software can be used in the accurate prediction of the yield of ASIC designs. The approach is based on calculating the actual area of the design most sensitive to defects, rather than using the traditional methods of using die area to calculate the yield. An obstacle course test structure is used to calibrate the software tools, by extracting values for inter and intra layer defect densities. The tools are then used to predict yield improvements on designs which have been modified to improve process yield.
A CFAR optimization for low frequency UWB SAR change detection algorithms (2017)

This paper presents a study on the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) filter design for change detection algorithms (CDA). More specifically, we are interested in CFAR filters used in CDA for low frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The filter design performance was evaluated in terms of false alarm rate (FAR) and probability of detection (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> ). For evaluation purposes, we considered a set of SAR images obtained with the CARABAS-II system. The results are compared with the ones presented in [1], where the same CDA was considered, except for the CFAR filter. The results show that relevant FAR performance improvements can be obtained by just modifying the CFAR filter parameters taking into account the image resolution and target characteristics.
A Thermal Control System Dual-Membrane Gas Trap for the International Space Station (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The dual membrane gas trap filter is utilized in the internal thermal control system (ITCS) as part of the pump package assembly to remove non-condensed gases from the ITCS coolant. This improves pump performance and prevents pump cavitation. The gas trap also provides the capability to vent air that is Ingested into the ITCS during routine maintenance and replacement of the International Space Station (ISS) system orbital replacement units.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The gas trap is composed of two types of membranes that are formed into a cylindrical module and then encased within a titanium housing. The non-condensed gas that is captured is then allowed to escape through a vent tube in the gas trap housing. The gas trap requirements include the ability to remove gas bubbles from the ITCS coolant water and maintain an outlet gas concentration less than 0.5 percent by volume, a pressure drop of less than 34 Pa (5.0 psid) at 1360 kg/hr (3000 Ib/hr) without water leakage, a 620-Pa (90-psid) proof pressure, and a 1-KPa (150-psid) burst pressure capability.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the principles involved in the gas trap design and the development of the current mature design that will be utilized on the ISS. The performance capabilities and the operational lifetime of the unit will also be discussed. Test data validating gas trap performance will be presented to demonstrate gas removal capability versus time, maximum gas removal capacity, and the sensitivity of the ITCS gas trap to water contamination when it is exposed to an ethanol/water mixture.&lt;/div&gt;
High speed data transmission on small gauge cables for the ATLAS Phase-II Pixel detector upgrade (2016)

The High Luminosity LHC will present a number of challenges for the upgraded ATLAS detector. In particular, data transmission requirements for the upgrade of the ATLAS Pixel detector will be difficult to meet. The expected trigger rate and occupancy imply multi-gigabit per second transmission rates will be required but radiation levels at the smallest radius preclude completely optical solutions. Electrical transmission up to distances of 7m will be necessary to move optical components to an area with lower radiation levels. Here, we explore the use of small gauge electrical cables as a high-bandwidth, radiation hard solution with a sufficiently small radiation length. In particular, we present a characterization of various twisted wire pair (TWP) configurations of various material structures, including measurements of their bandwidth, crosstalk, and radiation hardness. We find that a custom ``hybrid'' cable consisting of 1m of a multi-stranded TWP with Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) insulation and a thin Al shield followed by 6m of a thin twin-axial cable presents a low-mass solution that fulfills bandwidth requirements and is expected to be sufficiently radiation hard. Additionally, we discuss preliminary results of using measured S-parameters to produce a SPICE model for a 1m sample of the custom TWP to be used for the development of new pixel readout chips.
Spectrum ofSPATA7mutations in Leber congenital amaurosis and delineation of the associated phenotype (2010)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the earliest and most severe retinal degeneration. It may present as a congenital stationary cone-rod dystrophy (LCA type I) or a progressive yet severe rod-cone dystrophy (LCA type II). Twelve LCA genes have been identified, three of which account for Type I and nine for LCA type II. All proteins encoded by these genes but two are preferentially expressed in the retina and are responsible for non-syndromic LCA only. By contrast LCA5 and CEP290 are widely expressed and mutations in this latter result in a variety of phenotypes from non-syndromic retinal degeneration to pleiotropic disorders including senior-Loken (SNLS) and Joubert syndromes (JBTS). Recently, mutations in the widely expressed gene SPATA7 were reported to cause LCA or juvenile retinitis pigmentosa. The purpose of this study was i) to determine the level of expression of two major alternative SPATA7 transcripts in a large range of tissues and ii) to assess the involvement of this novel gene in a large cohort of unrelated patients affected with LCA (n = 134). Here, we report high SPATA7expression levels in retina, brain and testis with differential expression of the two transcripts. SPATA7 mutations were identified in few families segregating non-syndromic LCA (n = 4/134). Six different mutations were identified, four of which are novel; All affected both SPATA7 transcripts. The clinical evaluation of patients suggested that SPATA7 mutations account for the rod-cone dystrophy type of the disease. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mobile Unit Velocity Estimation Based on the Instantaneous Frequency of the Received Signal (2004)

This paper presents a new mobile station velocity estimator based on the first moment of the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the received signal. The effects of shadowing, additive noise, and scattering distribution on the proposed velocity estimator are analyzed. We show that, unlike velocity estimators based on the envelope and quadrature components of the received signal, the proposed estimator is robust to shadowing. We also prove that the performance of the IF-based estimator is only mildly affected by the presence of additive noise. Finally, by using simulations we show that the performance of the proposed IF-based estimator is superior to that of existing velocity estimators.
Validation of neural networks using hybrid resampling methods (2003)

Investigates hybrid approaches of statistical resampling methodologies to neural network validation when the data is sparse. Specifically, cross validation, grouped cross validation, bootstrapping and resubstitution are considered. Resampling methods have been used occasionally in the literature for neural network validation when the amount of data is limited. This research paper uses simulated data to examine different resampling estimates first, then applies stepwise regression to identify different hybrid estimates. The best hybrid estimate, which combines the resampling estimates obtained from twenty bootstrapped samples, five bootstrapped samples and two-fold cross validation, is nearly unbiased with less variability. This hybrid requires constructing twenty-seven validation networks.
129Xe MRM Characterization of Pore Structures in Silica Aerogels (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Section Results and Discussion
Design complexity measurement and testing (1989)

System designers can quantify the complexity of a software design by using a trio of finely tuned design metrics.
Simulation to support operational testing (1999)

This paper describes a combined effort between The Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM), the Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity (MCOTEA) and the MITRE Corporation to exploit M&S to support Operational Test (OT) of the Predator Short Range Assault Weapon (SRAW).
Synthesis and properties of star-branched nylon 6 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of star-branched nylon 6John M. WarakomskiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 5, 1000–1004Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00023a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (572 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Brain Imaging: The Chemistry of Mental Activity (2009)

Henry N. Wagner, Jr. London, U.K.: Springer, 2008, 246 pages, $169 This interesting book first explains the technical and scientific details of molecular neuroimaging and then links to the clinical aspects of neurologic and mental disorders. The author expands the scope in 2 directions. One
Theoretical and experimental study of improved catastrophic optical damage performance in 830nm high power lasers with non-absorbing mirrors (2005)

We carry out a systematic theoretical and experimental study on the improvement in catastrophic optical damage of 830 nm lasers with non-absorbing mirrors. We find a three-fold increase in COD optical power level compared to conventional lasers
The restoration of blurred electron micrographs (1986)

We have investigated the feasibility of restoring blurred electron micrographs. Two related problems have been considered; the restoration of images blurred as a result of relative motion between the specimen and the image plane, and the restoration of images which are rotationally blurred about an axis. Micrographs taken while the specimen is drifting result in images which are blurred in the direction of motion. An example of rotational blurring arises in micrographs of thin sections of helical particles viewed in cross section. The twist of the particle within the finite thickness of the section causes the image to appear rotationally blurred about the helical axis. As a result, structural details, particularly at large distances from the helical axis, will be obscured.
Phytochemicals (2012)

Increasing knowledge of the various protective effects of phytochemicals has sparked interest in further understanding their role in human health. Phytochemicals: Health Promotion and Therapeutic Potential is the seventh in a series representing the emerging science with respect to plant-based chemicals. Drawn from the proceedings at the Seventh In