gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[How are tachycardic cardiac arrhythmias modified by therapy of congestive heart failure?]. (1990)

Previous studies have demonstrated the high prevalence of frequent and complex ventricular arrhythmias in patients with severe congestive heart failure. It has been claimed that these arrhythmias are independent risk factors of prognosis. Moreover in severely depressed left ventricular function frequent and repetitive arrhythmias may deteriorate the hemodynamic situation. Recent clinical studies have drawn increasing attention to the possibility that the desired therapeutic effect of Class I antiarrhythmic agents may be complicated by their ability to aggravate the arrhythmia or to provoke new arrhythmias. These "proarrhythmical effects" were more frequent in patients with life-threatening arrhythmias and in those with severely depressed left ventricular function. Prevention trials with Class I antiarrhythmic agents have failed to show beneficial effects on the arrhythmia profile and on the prognosis of those patients. On the other hand, it is now well recognized that the incidence of cardiac death can be reduced by the use of ACE-inhibitors in this patient population. Accordingly, there is evidence of a reduced incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias during treatment with these drugs in some of the patients with congestive heart failure. The influence of digitalis on the arrhythmia profile and the cardiac mortality in these patients is still a matter of debate. On the other hand, there is evidence that newer positive inotropic agents such as phosphodiesterase-inhibitors rather increase the number of arrhythmias and the prevalence of sudden cardiac death in this patient population.
Prescribing transient and asymptotic behaviour to deterministic systems with stochastic initial conditions (2020)

We study a containment control problem (CCP) and a shape control problem (SCP) for systems whose initial condition is a random variable with known distribution. The two control problems both require exponential convergence to a desired trajectory, which is complemented by either; (i) a required cumulative distribution over a prescribed containment set at a specific transient time for the CCP, or;(ii)a maximum distance between an attained and a desired probability density function of the state for the SCP. For the CCP, we obtain solutions for both linear and nonlinear systems by designing the closed-loop such that the initial pdf shrinks or contracts to a desired trajectory. For the SCP, we obtain solutions for linear systems and an admissible desired pdf, by designing the closed-loop such that the evolution of the pdf at the transient time is similar to the target pdf.
Modified EMS Decoding Algorithm Combined with Feedback Theory (2018)

In comparison to the binary LDPC codes, the nonbinary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes have the advantage of solving burst errors. In order to improve the accuracy of the decoding results, an improved extended min-sum (EMS) algorithm is proposed in this paper. By adopting the feedback idea of joint iterative detection algorithm and introducing the reliability and stability parameters, the new algorithm can mitigate the influence of Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) oscillation on the decoding result and adjust the update information of the check node properly, thereby improving the decoding accuracy. This method can effectively restrain the LLR oscillation and speed up the convergence rate, thus the final decision result can be amended. Simulation results show that, the proposed improved EMS decoding algorithm heightens the bit error rate performance and reduces average number of iterations, meanwhile the additional computations are within acceptable range.
Stabilization of Sn Anode through Structural Reconstruction of a Cu–Sn Intermetallic Coating Layer (2020)

The metallic tin (Sn) anode is a promising candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity. However, Sn suffers from severe mechanical degradation caused by large volume changes during lithiation/delithiation, which leads to a rapid capacity decay for LIBs application. Herein, a Cu-Sn (e.g., Cu<sub>3</sub> Sn) intermetallic coating layer (ICL) is rationally designed to stabilize Sn through a structural reconstruction mechanism. The low activity of the Cu-Sn ICL against lithiation/delithiation enables the gradual separation of the metallic Cu phase from the Cu-Sn ICL, which provides a regulatable and appropriate distribution of Cu to buffer volume change of Sn anode. Concurrently, the homogeneous distribution of the separated Sn together with Cu promotes uniform lithiation/delithiation, mitigating the internal stress. In addition, the residual rigid Cu-Sn intermetallic shows terrific mechanical integrity that resists the plastic deformation during the lithiation/delithiation. As a result, the Sn anode enhanced by the Cu-Sn ICL shows a significant improvement in cycling stability with a dramatically reduced capacity decay rate of 0.03% per cycle for 1000 cycles. The structural reconstruction mechanism in this work shines a light on new materials and structural design that can stabilize high-performance and high-volume-change electrodes for rechargeable batteries and beyond.
Discrimination of bone fractures by low-frequency axial transmission velocity in the radius and tibia. (2010)

Low-frequency axial transmission velocity of the first arriving signal (VLF, 0.4 MHz) has a wavelength (8–10 mm) sufficient to probe osteoporotic changes in subcortical bone. Purpose of the present study was to evaluate VLF on retrospective fracture discrimination, using a custom-made ultrasonometer in the midshaft radius and tibia. Preliminary data for 49 non-fractured (NF; 45–87 years) and 16 fractured (F; 56–81 years) postmenopausal females were analyzed. The fractures included were caused by low or moderate trauma and mostly occurred in the forearms or lower legs. Subjects with disease or medication affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.76 for the radius and 0.60 for the tibia VLF. When adjusted for age and BMI, odds ratio for the radius VLF was 1.97 (95% CI: 1.11–3.48), while that for the tibia VLF was not statistically significant. In the contrary, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; whole-body, femoral neck, and L2–L4) was unable to differentiate between the F and NF groups. Despite the small study population, these results suggest that V𝔏𝔉 in the radius discriminates osteoporotic fractures in cases of peripheral fractures, in particular, for which DXA has a limited sensitivity.
Reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry as a measure of endothelial dysfunction in COPD (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is significantly associated with cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease. The measurement of endothelial dysfunction using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) is well documented in the field of cardiovascular research. There are no data available for COPD patients. We, therefore, investigated endothelial dysfunction in a cohort of COPD patients using RH-PAT. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 191 subjects with moderate to very severe COPD (n=157), smokers without COPD (n=18) and healthy controls (n=16) were consecutively recruited at a tertiary institution. The reactive hyperemia index (RHI) were associated to lung function, MMRC, BODE index, number of exacerbations, time to exacerbation and death. <b>Results:</b> 57% of the patients with COPD had dysfunctional endothelium compared to 31% of the healthy controls and 33% of the smokers without COPD (p=0.036). Univariate analysis showed a significant difference in RHI between healthy controls and patients with COPD (median 1.94 vs. 1.58; p=0.030), however, this difference disappeared after adjustment for age, BMI, blood pressure and pulse. There was no difference in RHI between patients with COPD and age-matched smokers without COPD (median 1.58 vs. 1.82; p=0.120). RHI did not change significantly whether the patient was in stable state or during an exacerbation (means 2.05 vs 1.91; paired T-Test, p=0.625). There was no association between RHI and body plethysmography lung function, MMRC, BODE, exacerbations or death (p≥0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Endothelial dysfunction, as measured by RH-PAT, does not appear to be either a predictor of disease severity or of outcome in COPD.
Economics of Technological Games among Telecommunication Service Providers (2010)

The telecommunication world keeps evolving, with the development of new technologies, and operators have to wonder if investing in the costly infrastructures and potential licenses as well as maintaining existing technologies is worthy. This has to be investigated in a competitive context. We propose in this paper to model and analyze a three-level game between two operators. At the highest level, operators decide which technology to implement, possibilities being here 3G, WiFi and WiMAX. At the intermediate level, they fix their service price, while at the lowest level, customers choose their provider depending on price and quality of service. The model is analyzed by backward induction, where decisions at a level depend on the equilibria at the lower levels. Different real-life cost scenarios are studied, depending on whether or not operators already own the infrastructures and licenses: our model should help understanding their final decision.
Salt Dependence of DNA binding by Thermus aquaticusand Escherichia coli DNA Polymerases (2003)

DNA binding properties of the Type 1 DNA polymerases from Thermus aquaticus (Taq, Klentaq) and Escherichia coli (Klenow) have been examined as a function of [KCl] and [MgCl(2)]. Full-length Taq and its Klentaq "large fragment" behave similarly in all assays. The two different species of polymerases bind DNA with sub-micromolar affinities in very different salt concentration ranges. Consequently, at similar [KCl] the binding of Klenow is approximately 3 kcal/mol (150x) tighter than that of Taq/Klentaq to the same DNA. Linkage analysis reveals a net release of 2-3 ions upon DNA binding of Taq/Klentaq and 4-5 ions upon binding of Klenow. DNA binding of Taq at a higher temperature (60 degrees C) slightly decreases the ion release. Linkage analysis of binding versus [MgCl(2)] reports the ultimate release of approximately 1 Mg(2+) ion upon complex formation. However, the MgCl(2) dependence for Klenow, but not Klentaq, shows two distinct phases. In 10 mm EDTA, both polymerase species still bind DNA, but their binding affinity is significantly diminished, Klenow more than Klentaq. In summary, the two polymerase species, when binding to identical DNA, differ substantially in their sensitivity to the salt concentration range, bind with very different affinities when compared under similar conditions, release different numbers of ions upon binding, and differ in their interactions with divalent cations.
Analysis of the NICE Application Layer Multicast Protocol (2002)

Abstract—Application layer multicast protocols organize a set of hosts into an overlay tree for data delivery. Each host on the overlay peers with a subset of other hosts. Since application layer multicast relies only on an underlying unicast architecture, multiple copies of the same packet can be carried by a single physical link or node on the overlay. The stress at a link or node is defined as the number of identical copies of a packet carried by that link or node. Stretch is another important metric in application layer multicast, which measures the relative increase in delay incurred by the overlay path between pairs of members with respect to the direct unicast path. In this paper we study the NICE application layer multicast protocol to quantify and study the tradeoff between these two important metrics — stress and stretch in scalably building application layer multicast paths. I.
Rare Genetic Variants Associated With Myocardial Fibrosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2022)

We observed a higher prevalence of rare potentially pathogenic CM associated genetic variants in participants with significant myocardial fibrosis quantified in CMR as compared to controls without significant fibrosis. No cardiac structural or functional differences were found between participants with or without P/LP variants.
House dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and its allergens: effects of washing (1989)

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect washing at various temperatures would have on the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and its allergens. Young and old mite cultures underwent a simulated washing programme. To record the number of live mites prior to and after washing a new counting method was applied. The findings demonstrated that although washing reduced the number of live mites, a washing programme at minimum temperature 58 degrees C was required in order to achieve complete extermination of the house dust mites. A distinct protein loss was observed when washing at higher temperature, thus further reducing the total allergen pool without loss of allergen activity as determined by direct RAST.
Robust Computing for Machine Learning-Based Systems (2020)

Abstract The drive for automation and constant monitoring has led to rapid development in the field of Machine Learning (ML). The high accuracy offered by the state-of-the-art ML algorithms like Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has paved the way for these algorithms to being used even in the emerging safety-critical applications, e.g., autonomous driving and smart healthcare. However, these applications require assurance about the functionality of the underlying systems/algorithms. Therefore, the robustness of these ML algorithms to different reliability and security threats has to be thoroughly studied and mechanisms/methodologies have to be designed which result in increased inherent resilience of these ML algorithms. Since traditional reliability measures like spatial and temporal redundancy are costly, they may not be feasible for DNN-based ML systems which are already super computer and memory intensive. Hence, new robustness methods for ML systems are required. Towards this, in this chapter, we present our analyses illustrating the impact of different reliability and security vulnerabilities on the accuracy of DNNs. We also discuss techniques that can be employed to design ML algorithms such that they are inherently resilient to reliability and security threats. Towards the end, the chapter provides open research challenges and further research opportunities.
Book reivew: Qualitative Motion Understanding by Wilhelm Burger and Bit Bhanu (Kluwer Academic Publishers 1992) (1994)

This book is a summary of a research project sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in service of one of its great challenges: creating an autonomous land vehicle (ALV). This book reports on the computer vision problems associated with having an ALV interpret the scene as it moves through its environment. The main problems addressed by this work are to separate the moving objects from the stationary objects in the scene (as the ALV moves) and to detect how the moving objects are moving with respect to the ALV.
Hydrodynamic Modeling for Channel and Shoreline Stabilization at Rhodes Point, Smith Island, MD (2016)

Abstract : This report documents numerical wave and flow modeling for stabilizing a shallow draft navigation channel and adjacent shorelines at Rhodes Point, located on Smith Island, Maryland, in Chesapeake Bay. The U.S. Army Engineer District, Baltimore (CENAB), maintains the channel and is considering structures to protect the western entrance of the channel on Chesapeake Bay side to reduce erosion of shorelines by armoring and stabilizing the channel. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), performed a numerical modeling study to develop preliminary structure design estimates by investigating the optimal location for the structures, and by determining how structures in the impacted areas would be affected by waves and hydrodynamics. Estimates of water levels, waves, currents, and morphology change in and around the channel and adjacent beaches were calculated for a relative comparison of no-project (Alternative-0) and two alternatives investigated, and for the preliminary structural design calculations. The Alternative-1with a shore-normal north jetty provided a significant reduction in waves and currents in the channel and along the shorelines, offering a cost-effective solution. Alternative-2 with two parallel jetties provided similar wave energy reduction in the channel and along the shorelines, but showed higher currents and erosional pockets developing in the channel which could undermine the stability of the jetties.
Experience-with autoconfiguring a network with IP addresses (2002)

To make future tactical battlefield networks more agile, flexible and robust, nodes must rapidly configure themselves with little or no human intervention,moreover they must reconfigure automatically as the environment changes. We present our approach to configuring and reconfiguring an entire network domain, possibly consisting of tens of thousands of hosts and routers, based on a new dynamical configuration distribution protocol (DCDP). DCDP automatically distributes address-pools and other IP configuration information to every subnet in a domain, where a subnet configuration protocol can configure each node in a subnet. This paper describes the first implementation of DCDP and shows how, with the subnet configuration protocol DRCP, it rapidly configured IP addresses to Linux hosts and routers.
The Feasibility of Launching Small Satellites with a Light Gas Gun (1998)

This paper summarizes a study conducted for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the technical and economic feasibility of using a light gas gun to launch small satellites. The launcher concept is based upon a distributed-injection gun, which, in principle, can produce high muzzle velocities at relatively low acceleration levels. To establish initial system requirements for the launcher and spacecraft, the deployment of a large constellation of telecommunications satellites is chosen as a reference mission. This choice reflects the dominance of telecommunications in current commercial LEO market projections, but the results obtained for this mission are later generalized to encompass other applications. The spacecraft mass budget is most affected by large mass fraction allocations for structure and power subsystems. High acceleration loads are responsible for the increase in structural mass, and the increase in battery mass is tied to volume limitations that restrict the battery technology that can be used. The results of the financial analysis suggest that achieving a competitive specific launch cost requires a launch rate beyond current market projections. But a low-volume launch business could provide an attractive total mission cost relative to current systems.
Twinned caesium cerium(IV) pentafluoride (2014)

Single-crystals of CsCeF5 were synthesized hydro-thermally. The crystal under investigation was twinned by pseudo-merohedry with a twofold rotation around the c axis as an additional twinning operation. The crystal structure is built of layers of distorted edge- and corner-sharing CeF8 square-anti-prisms. The Cs(+) cations are located between the layers and exhibit coordination numbers of nine. Upon compression, CsCeF5 undergoes an irreversible phase transition at about 1 GPa.
Velocity field imaging in supersonic reacting flows near atmospheric pressure (1994)

A combined experimental and analytical effort was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of OH Doppler-shifted fluorescence imaging of velocity distributions in supersonic combustion gases near and above atmospheric pressure. The experiments were conducted in the underexpanded exhaust flow from a 6.8-atm, 2400-K, H 2 -O 2 -N 2 burner exhausting into the atmosphere. The effects of pulse-to-pulse variations in the dye laser band shape and inplane variations in temperature and pressure were examined in detail. A modification was developed to increase the single-pulse laser bandwidth, thereby increasing the intra-image velocity dynamic range as well as reducing the sensitivity of the velocity measurement to the gas property variations
A Fully Integrated Surface Micromachined Pressure Sensor With Low Temperature Dependence (2005)

The sensor presented here has been developed for the measurement of absolute pressure in the fields of automotive and industrial applications. The integration of the system consists of a pressure sensor and a signal conditioning circuit with an analog output on a chip of 3.6 mm/sup 2/. The fabrication technique to form the sensor is surface micromachining implemented in a standard 1.5/spl mu/m CMOS process allowing the construction of very small pressure sensor elements with excellent mechanical properties. The temperature coefficient of the hole system is lower than 200 ppm//spl deg/C without any compensation. It can be used in a temperature range of -40/spl deg/C to +125/sp deg/C.
Pure Isotropic Proton NMR Spectra in Solids using Deep Learning (2022)

The resolution of proton solid-state NMR spectra is usually limited by broadening arising from dipolar interactions between spins. Magic-angle spinning alleviates this broadening by inducing coherent averaging. However, even the highest spinning rates experimentally accessible today are not able to completely remove dipolar interactions. Here, we introduce a deep learning approach to determine pure isotropic proton spectra from a two-dimensional set of magic-angle spinning spectra acquired at different spinning rates. Applying the model to 8 organic solids yields high-resolution <sup>1</sup> H solid-state NMR spectra with isotropic linewidths in the 50-400 Hz range.
Dissecting Tensor Cores via Microbenchmarks: Latency, Throughput and Numeric Behaviors (2022)

Tensor Cores have been an important unit to accelerate Fused Matrix Multiplication Accumulation (MMA) in all NVIDIA GPUs since Volta Architecture. To program Tensor Cores, users have to use either legacy wmma APIs or current mma APIs. Legacy wmma APIs are more easy-to-use but can only exploit limited features and power of Tensor Cores. Specifically, wmma APIs support fewer operand shapes and can not leverage the new sparse matrix multiplication feature of the newest Ampere Tensor Cores. However, the performance of current programming interface has not been well explored. Furthermore, the computation numeric behaviors of low-precision floating points (TF32, BF16, and FP16) supported by the newest Ampere Tensor Cores are also mysterious. In this paper, we explore the throughput and latency of current programming APIs. We also intuitively study the numeric behaviors of Tensor Cores MMA and profile the intermediate operations including multiplication, addition of inner product, and accumulation. All codes used in this work can be found in https://github.com/sunlex0717/DissectingTensorCores.