gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection and Estimation of Unannounced Meals for Multivariable Artificial Pancreas System (2018)

Integration of a meal detection module in an AP system is a further step toward an automated AP without manual entries. Detection of a consumed meal/snack and infusion of insulin boluses using an estimate of CHO enables the AP system to automatically prevent postprandial hyperglycemia.
Is a Cementless Dual Mobility Socket in Primary THA a Reasonable Option? (2012)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
On shimming approaches in 3T breast MRI (2012)

A comparative study is presented, analyzing quantitatively the impact of 15 shim strategies on the homogeneity of the main magnetic field over the three-dimensional breast region in 3T MRI. The results obtained in 12 female volunteers, spanning a wide range of body and breast types, indicate that the inclusion of the back and heart in the shim region of interest leads to considerable decrease in field homogeneity, and needs to be avoided. Comparison between shim strategies using volumetric B(0) maps, covering the entire breast region, and 1-6 plane B(0) maps indicate only minimally reduced performance for the latter. Interestingly, however, no single shim strategy relying on a limited number of B(0) maps as input was found to work best in all volunteers. This was attributed to the limited capability of a small number of B(0) maps to capture the B(0) variability existent within breast. On the average, a rectangular shim region of interest, encompassing the breast region alone, worked best for the cohort studied here.
Bulky N-Substituted 1,3-Benzazaphospholes: Access via Pd-Catalyzed C−N and C−P Cross Coupling, Lithiation, and Conversion to Novel P═C−PtBu2 Hybrid Ligands (2008)

The syntheses of novel bulky N-substituted 1,3-benzazaphospholes are presented, together with their reactions with tert-butyllithium and coupling with tBu 2PCl to novel P, P'-hybrid ligands that combine the highly basic and bulky di- tert-butylphosphanyl group with pi-acidic low-coordinated phosphorus. The syntheses start with the preparation of new N-secondary 2-bromoanilines 1 by reduction of N-acyl 2-bromoanilides or more generally by Pd-catalyzed selective monoamination of o-dibromobenzene, followed by Pd-catalyzed C-P coupling with P(OEt) 3 to the respective 2-anilino-phosphonates 2. The next steps are reduction to 2-phosphanylanilines 3 and condensation with Me 2NCH(OMe) 2, which leads via phosphaalkenes 4 to the corresponding N-substituted benzazaphospholes 5. The reaction with tBuLi depends on the steric demand of the N substituent. Methyl, neopentyl-, and mesityl-derivatives were converted to P=C Li species 6 and coupled with tBu 2PCl to novel P=C-P tBu 2 ligands 7, whereas N-adamantyl and N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-derivatives prefer addition of tBuLi at the PC bond to form dihydroderivatives. The chemical shifts of the low-coordinated phosphorus of 5 and 7 were found to reflect electronic and steric effects of the N substituents. The comparison of the crystal structures of N-neopentyl-1,3-benzazaphospholes 5 and 7 gives evidence of steric repulsion between the adjacent di- tert-butyl and neopentyl groups by the preferred anti orientation of the P- tert-butyl groups and moderate deviations of C2 and P3 of 7b from the ring plane.
The UCSC Genome Browser (2009)

The University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Browser is a popular Web-based tool for quickly displaying a requested portion of a genome at any scale, accompanied by a series of aligned annotation "tracks." The annotations-generated by the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics Group and external collaborators-display gene predictions, mRNA and expressed sequence tag alignments, simple nucleotide polymorphisms, expression and regulatory data, phenotype and variation data, and pairwise and multiple-species comparative genomics data. All information relevant to a region is presented in one window, facilitating biological analysis and interpretation. The database tables underlying the Genome Browser tracks can be viewed, downloaded, and manipulated using another Web-based application, the UCSC Table Browser. Users can upload data as custom annotation tracks in both browsers for research or educational use. This unit describes how to use the Genome Browser and Table Browser for genome analysis, download the underlying database tables, and create and display custom annotation tracks.
Aperiodic dynamics and the self-organization of cognitive maps in autonomous agents (2006)

When we look at the dynamics produced by biological neuronal populations, we are immediately struck by the fact that aperiodic, chaotic-like dynamics appear to be the normal operating state of such systems. Recent work has shown that such aperiodic dynamics, at least in perceptual systems, may not only be the result of random perturbations experienced by the system from external stimulation, but that the brain itself generates aperiodic dynamics to deal more flexibly and reliably with noisy environmental stimulation. Complex systems concepts are helping us to understand the properties of nonlinear systems that are fundamental for the emergence of complex spatiotemporal patterns in natural and biological systems. Advances in neuroscience and computational neurodynamics are applying these concepts of self-organization to understanding the spatiotemporal patterns observed in biological brains. In this article, we introduce a neural population model that is capable of replicating the generation of these types of aperiodic dynamics observed in biological brains. We use the model to self-organize cognitive maps in an autonomous agent through the agent's interaction with its environment. We show how such high-dimensional spatiotemporal dynamics may be shaped by environmental input and learning to form chaotic attractors that come to represent “meanings” for the agent. We discuss how the internal generation of such aperiodic dynamics may aid in the formation and recognition of such noisy environmental stimuli in biological organisms in general and in our simulated agents specifically. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 21: 955–971, 2006.
Optimization of MAGIC gel formulation for three-dimensional radiation therapy dosimetry (2007)

Polymer gel dosimetry aims to provide three-dimensional images of radiation therapy dose distributions in irradiated aqueous gels. The first gels required manufacture in an oxygen-free environment, but later the MAGIC formulation was introduced, which could be made in normal atmospheric conditions. Here we report our studies of the effects of variations in the composition of the MAGIC gel performed in order to optimize its performance over the useful dose range of 0 to 20 Gy. A new formulation (termed 'MAGIC-2') is comprised of 87% water, 4% methacrylic acid, 9% gelatin, 17.38 x 10(-6) M Cu(2+) and a molar ratio of ascorbic acid to [Cu(2+)] of 1000:1. MAGIC-2 has a dose-response slope-to-intercept ratio that is 78% greater than the original formulation and other more favorable properties.
Ground planes resonance suppression technique of glass interposer using high-resistivity via holes for high-speed serial links (2015)

System in package with glass interposers have been proposed to enable continuing improvements in communication performance and computing performance. One issue posed by glass interposers is the plane resonance resulting from low dielectric loss. This paper proposes a ground plane resonance suppression technique suitable for glass interposers using resistive vias. Placing high resistivity vias at each corner of plane effectively suppresses resonance. The optimal resistance is at the inflection point of the resonance frequency, or around 5 ohm for a 30 mm square glass interposer.
A Feasibility and Performance Study of Dependency Inference (1989)

We investigate the feasibility of inferring functional dependencies from an example relation. The problem occurs in the context of automatic database design, when a tool is needed to assist the database designer in the process of specifying logical dependencies. The complexity of the dependency inference problem is inherently exponential. However, algorithms could be developed that perform well when the input relation has certain characteristics. We have implemented and optimized two recently proposed algorithms for dependency inference. An extensive set of experiments is presented, where dependencies were inferred from example relations with different cardinalities, number of attributes, and degree of normalization. We conclude that for practical example relations an adequate implementation of a dependency inference function leads to acceptable interactive response times.
Direct cooling of the catheter tip increases safety for CMR-guided electrophysiological procedures (2012)

Up to a maximum of 22.4°C, the temperature rise at the tissue surface can be entirely suppressed by using the catheter's own irrigation system. The irrigated tip system can be used to increase MR safety of EP catheters by suppressing the effects of unwanted passive catheter heating due to RF exposure from the MR scanner.
Antioxidant properties of branched-chain amino acid derivatives. (1979)

The antioxidant activities of branched-chain amino acid derivatives, such as dipeptides and amino alcohols, were evaluated by means of the active oxygen method. Dipeptides containing a branched-chain amino acid showed higher antioxidant activities than did those having no branched-chain amino acid. An N-terminal branched-chain amino acid in dipeptides was preferable to a C-terminal one for antioxidant activity. A free N-terminal amino group was also found to be important for the appearance of antioxidant activity.
Laser oscillations (2002)

We were able to show in Chapter 3 that a medium in which we can obtain a population inversion (i.e. a situation in which the population density in the excited state is greater than that in the fundamental level) allows for optical gain of an electromagnetic wave having a frequency near to the resonant frequency of the system. By introducing feedback of the amplified signal into the medium, the system can be made to oscillate naturally, resulting in laser oscillations. To obtain this population inversion, we must introduce at least a third (and perhaps even a fourth) energy level into the system. (We saw how a two-level system under the influence of an intense pump beam will saturate with no resulting population inversion.) The aim then of this chapter is to introduce the concepts necessary to extend our two-level system into a working model capable of illustrating the phenomenon of laser oscillation. We will not spend too much time discussing atomic transition lasers as they do not figure readily in our treatment of quantum electronic properties of semiconductors. An exception will be made, however; we brush upon the particular topics of a diode pumped laser in Complement 4.E and a quantum cascade laser in Complement 13.H.
High-speed directly modulated widely tunable two-section InGaAlAs DBR lasers (2017)

We report widely tunable two-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers, which have InGaAlAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) as the gain material. By butt-jointing InGaAsP, which has a photoluminescence wavelength of 1.4 μm as the material of the DBR section, a wavelength tuning range of 12 nm can be obtained by current injection into the DBR section. The direct modulation bandwidth of the lasers is greater than 10 GHz over the entire wavelength tuning range up to 40°C. Compared with InGaAsP DBR lasers having the same structure, the InGaAlAs lasers have smaller variations in both the threshold current and slope efficiency with the temperature because of the better electron confinement in the InGaAlAs MQWs. Moreover, the DBR-current-induced decreases in the modulation bandwidth and side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of the optical spectra are notably smaller for the InGaAlAs lasers than for the InGaAsP lasers.
Enhancement and Extinction in Surface-Enhanced Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (2014)

We present an analysis of surface-enhanced stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SESRS). Stimulated Raman scattering is a four-wave mixing process so the gain in the field is proportional to the fourth power of the local field enhancement factor. However, there is a non-trivial relationship between the enhancement and extinction of the Raman signal. In particular, we demonstrate that there is competition between the enhancement and extinction phenomena for SESRS and that the extinction phenomenon is more profound in the stimulated scattering process than the spontaneous scattering process.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Policosanol in Patients with Intermittent Claudication (1999)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol, a new cholesterol-lowering drug with concomitant antiplatelet effects, in patients with intermittent claudication. After a baseline period of 6 weeks, 62 patients were randomized to receive, under double-blind conditions, either placebo (31 patients) or policosanol (31), 10 mg twice daily. Walking distances in a treadmill (constant speed 3.2 km/hr, slope 10 degrees) were assessed before and after 6 months of treatment. Both groups were similar at randomization. Policosanol increased significantly (p < 0.01) the initial claudication distance from 132.5+/-13.5 m (baseline) to 205.7+/-36.3 m (after therapy) and the absolute claudication distance (p<0.0001) from 229.5+/-22.0 m to 365.4+/-46.9 m; meanwhile both variables remained unchanged in the placebo group (p<0.05). The reduction of lower limb symptoms showed a greater benefit in the policosanol group. There was no significant change in either group in the ankle/arm pressure ratio. The treatment was well tolerated. There were 10 discontinuations (seven placebo, three policosanol) from the study. Six withdrawals occurred because of adverse events (AE); all were in placebo patients. There were five serious vascular AEs in the placebo group but none in the policosanol group (p<0.05). Overall, 12/31 (38.7%) placebo patients and 3/31 (9.7%) policosanol patients experienced AEs after randomization, which showed a lesser incidence of AEs in the policosanol group (p<0.01). The present study demonstrates a beneficial effect of policosanol in patients with intermittent claudication.
Treating symptoms of female sexual arousal disorder with the Eros-Clitoral Therapy Device. (2001)

The Eros-CTD was safe and effective in improving symptoms of FSAD in this group of women. Further studies on the efficacy of the Eros-CTD are indicated.
Modelling substrate specificity and enantioselectivity for lipases and esterases by substrate-imprinted docking (2009)

The experimentally observed differences in selectivity and specificity of the enzymes were reproduced with an accuracy of 81%. The method was robust toward small differences in initial structures (different crystallisation conditions or a co-crystallised ligand), although large displacements of catalytic residues often resulted in substrate poses that did not pass the geometric filter criteria.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF DERIVATIVES OF L‐TOLYPOSAMINE AND L‐FOROSAMINE (1973)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Mesylat (I) wird über die Stufen (II) und (III) Methyl‐N‐benzoyla‐L‐tolyposaminid (IV) synthetisiert.
Robust classification by a nearest mean-median rule for generalized Gaussian pattern distributions (2008)

To provide stability of classification, a robust supervised minimum distance classifier based on the minimax (in the Huber sense) estimate of location is designed for the class of generalized Gaussian pattern distributions with a bounded variance. This classifier has the following low-complexity form: with relatively small variances, it is the nearest mean rule (NMean), and with relatively large variances, it is the nearest median rule (NMed). The proposed classifier exhibits good performance both under heavy-and short-tailed pattern distributions.
Effects op hyperinsulinemia on left ventricular (lv) structure and function in the elderly (2007)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hyperinsulinemia on left ventricle in the elderly.
EXPANSE: A time-of-flight EXPanded Angle Neutron Spin Echo spectrometer at the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source (2022)

EXPANSE, an EXPanded Angle Neutron Spin Echo instrument, has been proposed and selected as one of the first suite of instruments to be built at the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This instrument is designed to address scientific problems that involve high-energy resolution (neV-μeV) of dynamic processes in a wide range of materials. The wide-angle detector banks of EXPANSE provide coverage of nearly two orders of magnitude in scattering wavenumbers, and the wide wavelength band affords approximately four orders of magnitude in Fourier times. This instrument will offer unique capabilities that are not available in the currently existing neutron scattering instruments in the United States. Specifically, EXPANSE will enable direct measurements of slow dynamics in the time domain over wide Q-ranges simultaneously and will also enable time-resolved spectroscopic studies. The instrument is expected to contribute to a diverse range of science areas, including soft matter, polymers, biological materials, liquids and glasses, energy materials, unconventional magnets, and quantum materials.
Quantum cryptographic system with reduced data loss (2023)

A secure method for distributing a random cryptographic key with reduced data loss. Traditional quantum key distribution systems employ similar probabilities for the different communication modes and thus reject at least half of the transmitted data. The invention substantially reduces the amount of discarded data (those that are encoded and decoded in different communication modes e.g. using different operators) in quantum key distribution without compromising security by using significantly different probabilities for the different communication modes. Data is separated into various sets according to the actual operators used in the encoding and decoding process and the error rate for each set is determined individually. The invention increases the key distribution rate of the BB84 key distribution scheme proposed by Bennett and Brassard in 1984. Using the invention, the key distribution rate increases with the number of quantum signals transmitted and can be doubled asymptotically.
Supported Planar Mammalian Membranes as Models of in Vivo Cell Surface Architectures (2017)

Emerging technologies use cell plasma membrane vesicles or "blebs" as an intermediate to form molecularly complete, planar cell surface mimetics that are compatible with a variety of characterization tools and microscopy methods. This approach enables direct incorporation of membrane proteins into supported lipid bilayers without using detergents and reconstitution and preserves native lipids and membrane species. Such a system can be advantageous as in vitro models of in vivo cell surfaces for study of the roles of membrane proteins as drug targets in drug delivery, host-pathogen interactions, tissue engineering, and many other bioanalytical and sensing applications. However, the impact of methods used to induce cell blebbing (vesiculation) on protein and membrane properties is still unknown. This study focuses on characterization of cell blebs created under various bleb-inducing conditions and the result on protein properties (orientation, mobility, activity, etc.) and lipid scrambling in this platform. The orientation of proteins in the cell blebs and planar bilayers is revealed using a protease cleavage assay. Lipid scrambling in both cell blebs and planar bilayers is indicated through an annexin V binding assay. To quantify protein confinement, immobility, etc., incorporation of GPI-linked yellow fluorescent protein (GPI-YFP) was used in conjunction with single-molecule tracking (SMT) microscopy. Finally, to investigate the impact of the bleb induction method on protein activity and expression level, cell blebs expressing human aminopeptidase N (hAPN) were analyzed by an enzyme activity assay and immunoblotting. This work enriches our understanding of cell plasma membrane bleb bilayers as a biomimetic platform, reveals conditions under which specific properties are met, and represents one of the few ways to make molecularly complete supported bilayers directly from cell plasma membranes.
Analysis of filtering characteristics for coplanar symmetrical meander lines (2016)

This paper presents an analysis of the filtering characteristic for a coplanar symmetrical meander lines structure. The effects of geometrical parameters, which are length of vertical and horizontal elements as well as the distance of the gap between two symmetrical lines, on the filtering property of the structure are discussed. A novel direct derivation of the filtering performance of the coplanar configuration based on our proposed circuit model is also addressed. The mentioned analysis could be a useful guidance in the design stage of a uniplanar filter to enhance the signal and power integrity as well as immunity of Integrated circuits.
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities (2012)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of surface molecules, are involved in innate immune responses. Recent studies indicated that TLRs play a critical role in inflammatory responses to exogenous and endogenous triggers. This article focuses on probable effects of TLRs in the morbidity of cardiovascular events, e.g., ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury and atherosclerosis. TLR2 and TLR4 have been shown to have the most fundamental role in promoting cytokine production and subsequent inflammatory damages in these states. Blockade of these receptors may be beneficial in both preventing the occurrence and decreasing the complications in cardiovascular events. However, controversies exist on the certainty of this beneficial effect; therefore, additional studies are needed.
Activation of dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase R by MicroRNA-378 Sustains Metabolic Inflammation in Hepatic Insulin Resistance (2021)

&lt;a&gt;MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that regulate various pathophysiological cellular processes. Here we reported that expression of the miR-378 family was significantly induced by metabolic inflammatory inducers, a high-fructose diet, and inflammatory cytokine TNF&lt;/a&gt;a. Hepatic miRNA profiling revealed that expression of miR-378a was highly upregulated which, in turn, targeted the 3’-UTR of PPARa mRNA, impaired mitochondrial fatty acid b-oxidation and induced mitochondrial and ER stress. More importantly, the upregulated miR-378a can directly bind to and activate the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) to sustain the metabolic stress. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, genetic depletion of miR-378a prevented PKR activation, ameliorated inflammatory stress and insulin resistance. Counterbalancing the upregulated miR-378a using nanoparticles encapsulated with an anti-miR-378a oligonucleotide restored PPARa activity, inhibited PKR activation and ER stress, and improved insulin sensitivity in the fructose-fed mice. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/i&gt;Our study delineated a novel mechanism of miRNA-378a in the pathogenesis of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance through targeting metabolic signaling at both mRNA (e.g., PPARa) and protein (e.g., PKR) molecules. This novel finding of functional interaction between miRNAs (e.g., miR-378a) and cellular RNA binding protein(s) (e.g., PKR) is biologically significant as it greatly broadens the potential targets of miRNAs in cellular pathophysiological processes.