gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polysome Profiling in Liver Identifies Dynamic Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Translatome by Obesity and Fasting (2012)

Obesity-associated metabolic complications are generally considered to emerge from abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, whereas the status of protein metabolism is not well studied. Here, we performed comparative polysome and associated transcriptional profiling analyses to study the dynamics and functional implications of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein synthesis in the mouse liver under conditions of obesity and nutrient deprivation. We discovered that ER from livers of obese mice exhibits a general reduction in protein synthesis, and comprehensive analysis of polysome-bound transcripts revealed extensive down-regulation of protein synthesis machinery, mitochondrial components, and bile acid metabolism in the obese translatome. Nutrient availability also plays an important but distinct role in remodeling the hepatic ER translatome in lean and obese mice. Fasting in obese mice partially reversed the overall translatomic differences between lean and obese nonfasted controls, whereas fasting of the lean mice mimicked many of the translatomic changes induced by the development of obesity. The strongest examples of such regulations were the reduction in Cyp7b1 and Slco1a1, molecules involved in bile acid metabolism. Exogenous expression of either gene significantly lowered plasma glucose levels, improved hepatic steatosis, but also caused cholestasis, indicating the fine balance bile acids play in regulating metabolism and health. Together, our work defines dynamic regulation of the liver translatome by obesity and nutrient availability, and it identifies a novel role for bile acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity.
Multirater Agreement of the Causes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure (2014)

This study suggests that more objective criteria are needed to accurately determine the causes of primary ACL graft failure as well as the ideal femoral and tibial tunnel placement in patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction.
Evaluating frequencies of thiopurine S-methyl transferase (TPMT) variant alleles in Israeli ethnic subpopulations using DNA analysis. (2010)

It is advisable that Druze patients be tested for the TPMT enzyme before starting treatment with 6-MP or azathioprine. Such testing may also be considered for other Israeli ethnic subgroups.
Lipopolysaccharide-Activated CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Inhibit Neutrophil Function and Promote Their Apoptosis and Death (2006)

CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells play a central role in the suppression of immune response and prevention of autoimmune reactions. Pathogen recognition receptors expressed by immune cells, such as TLRs, may provide a critical link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. There is also evidence that TLR ligands can directly modulate the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. Here, we showed that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells affect neutrophil function and survival and that the TLR4 ligand is involved in the regulation of the cell interactions. We found that LPS-activated Treg cells inhibit reactive oxygen intermediates and cytokine production by neutrophils. Moreover, Treg cells reverse LPS-induced survival of neutrophils and promote their apoptosis and death. We also found that TCR-activated Treg cells induce the same effects on polymorphonuclear neutrophils as those achieved by TLR4 stimulation. Importantly, the suppressive potential of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells induced by LPS seems to be partially IL-10 and TGF-beta dependent, whereas anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation is rather contact dependent. Together, these observations suggest that Treg cells have the ability to directly regulate neutrophil function and life span when both types of the cells are exposed to LPS.
An unconventional GABAergic circuit differently controls pyramidal neuron activity in two visual cortical areas via endocannabinoids (2021)

Summary Perisomatic inhibition of neocortical pyramidal neurons (PNs) coordinates cortical network activity during sensory processing, and it has been mainly attributed to parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (BCs). However, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-expressing interneurons also inhibit the perisomatic region of PNs but the connectivity and function of these elusive – yet prominent – neocortical GABAergic cells is unknown. We found that the connectivity pattern of CB1-positive BCs strongly differs between primary and high-order cortical visual areas. Moreover, persistently active CB1 signaling suppresses GABA release from CB1 BCs in the medial secondary visual cortex (V2M), but not in the primary (V1) visual area. Accordingly, in vivo , tonic CB1 signaling is responsible for higher but less coordinated PN activity in V2M than in V1. Our results indicate a differential CB1-mediated mechanism controlling PN activity, and suggest an alternative connectivity schemes of a specific GABAergic circuit in different cortical areas
Prospect of a prophylactic vaccine for HIV (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to infect about 15,000 people every day, 90% of whom live in non-industrialised countries. So far, education programmes have only managed to slow, but not cease, the HIV spread, while powerful drug combinations are too costly and complex for the majority of HIV-infected people and in any case fail to clear HIV from the body. Under these circumstances, the best hope for controlling the HIV pandemic is the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. With a series of new technologies and increased political and financial commitments, a growing momentum in the field of HIV-vaccine development promises exciting years ahead.
Synthetically Useful Transformations of δ-Sultones and Thiane-1,1-dioxides Obtained by C-H Insertion (2009)

-Sultones and thiane-1,1-dioxides that carry a carbethoxy group at -position, easily accessible by C-H insertion, are potentially useful synthetic intermediates.Their stereoselective alkylation, rearrangement and conversion to -lactones have been demonstrated.
Sensitivity study of optimal eICIC configurations in different heterogeneous network scenarios (2012)

Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) have been recognized as a key enabler for providing high data rates. However, co-channel deployed HetNet will experience inter-layer interference, and hence calls for use of enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) to solve such interference problems. In order to achieve the full performance benefits of eICIC, its corresponding configuration parameters shall be carefully adjusted. In this paper we study how sensitive the HetNet performance is for different eICIC parameters in different HetNet scenarios, and provide guidelines on how to set them. Among others, it is concluded how the spatial UE distribution, the used propagation models, and pico eNB transmit power settings influence the performance and the optimal eICIC parameter choice.
저탄소강의 플라즈마 육성층 특성 평가 (2) ( 플라즈마 육성층의 조직 및 특성 비교 ) (1997)

The microstructures of PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) weld-overlayers were evaluated for those of open arc weldoverlayer and spray & fused coating. DSRW (Dry Sand Rubber Wheel) abrasive wear and potentiostatic corrosion tests in 3% NaCl solution were conducted. The Stellite 6 weld-overlayer by PTA method contains more eutectic and hence shows a little higher hardness than that by open arc method. The 16C weld-overlayer by PTA method contains coarser borides and carbides, but shows a little lower hardness than that by spray & fuse method. The borides and carbides in the spray & fused 16C coating are fine and more or less needle shape, and porosities are still present after fusing treatment. PTA weld-surfaced Stellite 6 overlayer shows twice more wear resistant than that of open arc method largely due to higher eutectic content. PTA weld-surfaced 16C overlayer also shows more wear resistant than that of spray & fuse method due to the size difference in borides and carbides. The results of potentiostatic corrosion tests indicate that both overlayers of PTA are superior to those of open arc and spray & fuse processes.
Diversity in nucleotide acquisition by antigenically similarChlamydia psittaciof avian origin (1993)

Two different nucleic acid precursor utilization patterns were obtained for five avian isolates of Chlamydia psittaci. Three of the isolates behaved in a manner similar to that previously described, showing total dependency on the host cell for ribonucleoside triphosphates and being unable to utilize medium-supplied thymidine. In contrast, the other two isolates were incapable of taking pyrimidine ribonucleotides from the host cell and they could efficiently utilize medium-supplied thymidine. These unusual isolates were resistant to 5-fluorouridine while the other three isolates were sensitive. Of the five isolates only 6BC was sensitive to sulfonamides. The five isolates were divided into two groups by comparing the AluI restriction endonuclease patterns obtained following digestion of the major outer membrane protein (OMP1) gene, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The OMP1 genotyping results were confirmed by serotyping.
Learning Deep Representations Using Convolutional Auto-Encoders with Symmetric Skip Connections (2018)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown their power on many computer vision tasks. However, there are still some limitations, including their sensitivity to weight initialization and dependency to large scale labeled data. In this paper, we try to address these two problems by proposing a simple yet powerful CNN based denoising auto-encoder network which can be trained end-to-end in an unsupervised manner. The network architecture we use is a fully convolutional auto-encoder with symmetric encoder-decoder connections. The proposed method can not only reconstruct clean images from corrupted ones, but also learn abstract image representation through the reconstruction training. The encoder part of the network can be a good all-convolution network for classification. With the help of unsupervised pre-training, it achieves very competitive results even without extra unlabeled data. Further more, we show experimentally that our network also performs well in semi -supervised learning tasks.
Carben-Addition an Dicarbonyl(η-cyclopentadienyl)cobalt (1977)

Die erste [2+3]-Carben-Addition in der Organometallchemie führt zum Metallacyclus (3). Carben-Additionen an Übergangsmetallkomplexe ohne Eliminierung von Liganden waren bisher unbekannt.
Natural genetic variation in transcriptome reflects network structure inferred with major effect mutations: insulin/TOR and associated phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster (2009)

In summary, our results question the assertion of the 'sparse' nature of genetic networks, while validating and extending candidate gene approaches in the analyses of complex traits.
Stream depletion by cyclic pumping of wells (1990)

The rate of stream depletion caused by cyclic pumping from a well located in a connecting groundwater aquifer was studied. Equations were developed by applying superposition principles to analytical solutions for steady continuous pumping. Dimensionless plots based on these equations have been developed; one for dimensionless volume of stream depletion over a pumping cycle and another for maximum rate of stream depletion at a practical state of dynamic equilibrium. These plots provide a way to quickly determine the time at which a practical state of dynamic equilibrium is reached and the error in stream depletion rates produced by neglecting the nonuniform pumping rate within a pumping cycle. Analysis showed that the volume of stream depletion over a cycle ending at time t , is the same as the volume of stream depletion between the start of pumping and time t by a single period of pumping. Analysis also showed that under some circumstances, approximating the effects of cyclic pumping by a steady, continuous pumping at the equivalent cycle‐average rate is not adequate.
Simultaneous subnanosecond timing information and 2D spatial information from imaging photomultiplier tubes (1987)

We have incorporated a resistive anode, microchannel-plate based photon-counting 2D optical imaging detector with standard time-correlated single photon counting circuitry. The result is a very powerful spectroscopic system which combines the very low dark count and parallel collection capabilities typical of this type of detector with simultaneous time resolution of the individual photon counts. The required timing signal can be generated with a very simple addition to the biasing network of the standard detector, and results in temporal resolution of 500-ps FWHM, equivalent to that typically obtainable with moderately fast single channel photomultiplier tubes.
Photodynamische Diagnostik von Neoplasien der Mundhöhle nach lokaler Applikation von 5-Aminolävulinsäure (1996)

Labeling of mucosal lesions of the oral cavity with PpIX fluorescence induced by the local application of 5-ALA seems to be a promising diagnostic procedure for neoplastic lesions. Further investigations are required to assess the value of this new diagnostic procedure as a non-invasive and sensitive method for patients with head and neck cancer not only in pre- and postoperative diagnostic studies but also for a fluorescence-guided resection of tumors.
Effects of rotigotine on daytime symptoms in patients with primary restless legs syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study (2015)

Rotigotine was beneficial in improving overall RLS symptom severity (assessed by IRLS) and RLS symptom severity at various times of the day (m-SIT-DS); however, superiority to placebo was not established.
Permanent-Magnet DC Linear Motors (1996)

Abstract No standard work of reference, dealing with dc linear motor in all its aspects has ever been published. However, a considerable amount of literature in the form of published papers dealing with this subject, and also an amount of hitherto unpublished work, particularly of an industrial or applied nature, has been accumulated during the last 25 years. An attempt has been made to collate all this information and present it in a comprehensive and orderly manner in this unique volume. This book has been designed to be useful to two main categories of readers, namely, electrical and mechanical engineers in the user industries, and post-graduates and students embracing mechanical and electrical engineers.
Promoter of a cotton fibre MYB gene functional in trichomes of Arabidopsis and glandular trichomes of tobacco (2008)

Cotton fibres are unicellular seed trichomes. Our previous study suggested that the cotton R2R3 MYB transcript factor GaMYB2 is a functional homologue of the Arabidopsis trichome regulator GLABRA1 (GL1). Here, the GaMYB2 promoter activity is reported in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Arabidopsis plants. A 2062 bp promoter of GaMYB2 was isolated from G. arboreum, and fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. In cotton, the GaMYB2 promoter exhibited activities in developing fibre cells and trichomes of other aerial organs, including leaves, stems and bracts. In Arabidopsis the promoter was specific to trichomes. Different from Arabidopsis and cotton that have unicellular non-glandular simple trichomes, tobacco plants contain more than one type of trichome, including multicellular simple and glandular secreting trichomes (GSTs). Interestingly, in tobacco plants the GaMYB2 promoter directed GUS expression exclusively in glandular cells of GSTs. A series of 5'-deletions revealed that a 360 bp fragment upstream to the translation initiation codon was sufficient to drive gene expression. A putative cis-element of the T/G-box was located at -233 to -214; a yeast one-hybrid assay showed that Arabidopsis bHLH protein GLABRA3 (GL3), also a trichome regulator, and GhDEL65, a GL3-like cotton protein, had high binding activities to the T/G-box motif. Overexpression of GL3 or GhDEL65 enhanced the GaMYB2 promoter activity in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. A comparison of GaMYB2 promoter specificities in trichomes of different plant species with different types of trichomes provides a tool for further dissection of plant trichome structure and development.
CD34 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANGIOGENESIS AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER FOR PROSTATE CANCER RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (1998)

Microvascularity or neovascularity as measured by the CD34 antigen may be a prognostic marker of recurrence for prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy but more study in prostate specific antigen era patients with sufficient followup is needed.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Nonpeptidic Inhibitors of Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease (1996)

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of reversible, nonpeptidic inhibitors of human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) are reported. A novel series of 2,3-dioxindoles (isatins) were designed that utilized a combination of protein structure-based drug design, molecular modeling, and structure-activity relationship (SAR). The C-2 carbonyl of isatin was envisioned to react in the active site of HRV 3CP with the cysteine responsible for catalytic proteolysis, thus forming a stabilized transition state mimic. Molecular-modeling experiments using the apo crystal structure of human rhinovirus-serotype 14 (HRV-14) 3CP and a peptide substrate model allowed us to design recognition features into the P1 and P2 subsites, respectively, from the 5- and 1-positions of isatin. Attempts to optimize recognition properties in the P1 subsite using SAR at the 5-position were performed. In addition, a series of ab initio calculations were carried out on several 5-substituted isatins to investigate the stability of sulfide adducts at C-3. The inhibitors were prepared by general synthetic methods, starting with commercially available 5-substituted isatins in nearly every case. All compounds were tested for inhibition of purified HRV-14 3CP. Compounds 8, 14, and 19 were found to have excellent selectivity for HRV-14 3CP compared to other proteolytic enzymes, including chymotrypsin and cathepsin B. Selected compounds were assayed for antiviral activity against HRV-14-infected HI-HeLa cells. A 2.8 A cocrystal structure of derivative 19 covalently bound to human rhinovirus-serotype 2 (HRV-2) 3CP was solved and revealed that the isatin was situated in essentially the same conformation as modeled.
GmbH-Gesetz (2012)

Hat sich die Vorauflage dieses Meisterwerks gewohnt gründlich mit der Jahrhundertreform des GmbH-Rechts auseinandergesetzt, das MoMiG bei Zweifelsfragen vorausschauend interpretiert und praktische Lösungen angeboten, die wieder einmal oft genug von Rechtsprechung und Literatur bestätigt wurden, so bringt die aktuelle Auflage Sie jetzt in gleicher Weise auf den aktuellen Stand der Dinge: kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den bisherigen Erfahrungen im neuen Recht sorgfältige Einarbeitung aller neuen Entwicklungen neue Lösungsvorschläge für neu aufgetretene Praxisprobleme Die Inhalte der 18.
Center-Ignited Spherical-Mass Explosion (CISME); FY 2018 Report (2018)

It is not known whether pristine (i.e. mechanically and thermally undamaged) PBX 9501 can transition from a deflagration to a detonation in realistic scenarios, with relevant charge masses and inertial and mechanical confinement. In order to place bounds on the behavior, a series of experiments was conducted in which a spherical PBX 9501 charge is center-ignited using a fiber-delivered infrared laser pulse. Charge diameter was varied from 1.5 in ch to 10 inch. Experiments were conducted in a “bare” (unconfined) configuration, and a confined configuration with 4 mm-thick stainless-steel hemispherical shells bolted together. In all eight experiments, the reaction exhibited a relatively benign pressure burst; no transition to detonation (DDT) was observed. Most of the explosive was unconsumed and recovered post-test. Confined tests demonstrated slightly greater violence than unconfined tests, as anticipated.
Autoantibody profile in systemic lupus erythematosus with psychiatric manifestations: a role for anti-endothelial-cell antibodies (2004)

This study was performed to determine the correlation between psychiatric manifestations and several autoantibodies that might participate in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifty-one unselected outpatients with SLE were enrolled. Psychiatric evaluation was performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. The prevalence of antibodies against endothelial cells (AECA), cardiolipin, beta2 glycoprotein I, Ro, Ro52, La, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ribosomal P protein, dsDNA, and nucleosomes was assessed by experimental and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. According to the cutoff value, AECA were present in 11 of 17 (64.7%) SLE patients with psychosis and mood disorders and in 10 of 34 (29.4%) patients without psychiatric manifestations other than anxiety (P = 0.03). Moreover, the AECA binding index was significantly higher in the first group (P = 0.03). Conversely, no significant correlation was found between the presence of the other autoantibodies studied and psychiatric involvement. The results of this study suggest a relationship between AECA and psychosis and mood disorders in SLE, supporting the hypothesis of a biological origin of these disturbances.
Generation and characterization of sulfate aerosols for laboratory studies (1981)

Eight sulfate aerosols including Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4. MnSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O, AI2(SO4)3·18H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O, (NH4)2SO4·ZnSO4 6H2O and H2SO4 were generated and characterized with respect to size distribution, mass concentration, chemical component, and crystal structure of the aerosols. The aerosols were generated utilizing an ultrasonic nebulizer whose performance characteristics were also thoroughly investigated in this study. The aerosol generation system was very stable, showing virtually no change in both size distribution and total mass concentration (±5%) of the output aerosol during six hour continuous operation. For solutions of same concentration of each salt, size distributions of the aerosols were similar without regard to the salt used. The distributions were log-normal with geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.4–1.6. The mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) averaged over all the sulfate aerosols used were in the size range of 0.3 µm for 0.01% solution and 2.29 µm for 10% solution, and could be expressed as MMAD=1.18 S0.30 where S is the solution concentration by % mass. Chemical analysis including ion analysis and X-ray diffraction studies showed that the aerosols used were hygroscopically stable under the environment of less than 40% R.H. except for sulfuric acid and that the aerosol particles were in the same crystal forms as those of the reagent salt used for the aerosol generation.
Effects of chemical composition and heat treatment on creep properties of Grade 91 steel base metal and welded joint (2022)

The effects of the chemical composition and heat treatment on the creep properties of Grade 91 steel base metal and welded joint were investigated by conducting creep tests on materials whose Al, Cr, and Ni contents were systematically varied or the normalising and tempering temperatures were varied. The effect of the chemical composition on the creep strength was similar for the base metal and the welded joint. That is, the creep strength decreased with increasing Al content, whereas the Ni content had little effect on the creep strength. Regarding the effect of heat treatment, the creep strength increased with increasing normalising temperature and decreasing tempering temperature for the base metal and the welded joint. The comparison of the test results of the welded joints with those of the base metals revealed a positive correlation between the creep strength of the base metals and that of the welded joints.