gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporally constrained reconstruction of dynamic cardiac perfusion MRI (2007)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is a powerful technique to probe an area of interest in the body. Here a temporally constrained reconstruction (TCR) technique that requires less k-space data over time to obtain good-quality reconstructed images is proposed. This approach can be used to improve the spatial or temporal resolution, or increase the coverage of the object of interest. The method jointly reconstructs the space-time data iteratively with a temporal constraint in order to resolve aliasing. The method was implemented and its feasibility tested on DCE myocardial perfusion data with little or no motion. The results obtained from sparse k-space data using the TCR method were compared with results obtained with a sliding-window (SW) method and from full data using the standard inverse Fourier transform (IFT) reconstruction. Acceleration factors of 5 (R = 5) were achieved without a significant loss in image quality. Mean improvements of 28 +/- 4% in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 14 +/- 4% in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were observed in the images reconstructed using the TCR method on sparse data (R = 5) compared to the standard IFT reconstructions from full data for the perfusion datasets. The method has the potential to improve dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging and also to reconstruct other sparse dynamic MR acquisitions.
Polarized structure functionσLT'forH1(e→,e'K+)Λin the nucleon resonance region (2008)

The first measurements of the polarized structure function ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{{\mathit{LT}}^{'}}$ for the reaction $^{1}\mathrm{H}$$(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{e},{e}^{'}{K}^{+})\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ in the nucleon resonance region are reported. Measurements are included from threshold up to $W=2.05$ GeV for central values of ${Q}^{2}$ of 0.65 and 1.00 GeV${}^{2}$, and nearly the entire kaon center-of-mass angular range. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{{\mathit{LT}}^{'}}$ is the imaginary part of the longitudinal-transverse response and is expected to be sensitive to interferences between competing intermediate $s$-channel resonances, as well as resonant and nonresonant processes. The results for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{{\mathit{LT}}^{'}}$ are comparable in magnitude to previously reported results from CLAS for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathit{LT}}$, the real part of the same response. An intriguing sign change in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{{\mathit{LT}}^{'}}$ is observed in the high ${Q}^{2}$ data at $W\ensuremath{\approx}1.9$ GeV. Comparisons to several existing model predictions are shown.
Low energy investigations and applications with the spherical TPC (2011)

The Spherical Proportional Counter, recently developed, allows to instrument large target masses with good energy resolution and low energy threshold. Ultra low energy results are shown here, leading to an energy threshold as low as 25 eV and a single electron detection sensitivity. The bench mark result is the observation of a well resolved peak at 270 eV due to carbon fluorescence, which is a unique performance for such large massive detector. This very promising feature can fulfill the demands of many challenging projects from dark matter detection to low energy neutrino searches. Details of this study are given in reference [1].
Novel approaches for the analysis of immune reactions in Tunicate and Cnidarian model organisms (2003)

Non peer reviewed
[Cell apoptosis in closed cerebellar contusion in rat]. (2002)

The apoptotic index of closed contusion of cerebellum in different injury time may provide a new sensitive and objective method for the forensic early injury time estimation.
Recyclable hydrotalcite catalysts for alcohol imination via acceptorless dehydrogenation (2015)

Intrinsic catalytic activity of a series of hydrotalcite-like materials towards acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation and one-pot imination.
박물관 관람객의 사회경제적 배경 및 방문동기가 관람객 만족도에 미치는 영향 - 국립대구박물관 관람객을 중심으로 - (2015)

본 연구는 국립대구박물관을 중심으로 박물관 관람객의 사회경제적 배경 및 방문동기가 관람객 만족도에 미치는 영향을살펴보기 위해 중다회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 총 180 부의 설문지를 배포하여 유효한 응답지 150 부를 분석에이용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 연구대상 배경에 따른 관람객 만족도의 통계적 특성을 살펴보면, 성별에서는 남성보다 여성, 연령대에서는 60 대 이상, 소득에서는 500 만원에서 600 만원, 학력에서는 대학원 졸업, 박물관 방문횟수에서는 11 회이상의 방문이 만족도가 가장 높았다. 둘째, 박물관 관람객의 사회경제적 배경 및 방문동기가 관람객 만족도에 미치는 영향관계를 살펴본 결과, 소득과 학력은 관람객 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않으며, 방문동기는 관람객 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 박물관 방문동기의 하위변수가 관람객 만족도에 미치는 영향관계를 살펴본 결과, 네 가지의 하위변수 중 친화동기가 관람객 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 방문동기 중에서 친화동기가 가장 중요시 되어야 함을 확인할 수 있으며, 박물관의 친화적 기능을 강화하기 위해 가족단위의 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 시민들과 소통하는 기능을 강화해야 한다는 시사점을 제공하였다.
Tumor Cell–Derived Angiopoietin-like Protein ANGPTL2 Is a Critical Driver of Metastasis (2012)

Strategies to inhibit metastasis have been mainly unsuccessful in part due to insufficient mechanistic understanding. Here, we report evidence of critical role for the angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) in metastatic progression. In mice, Angptl2 has been implicated in inflammatory carcinogenesis but it has not been studied in human tumors. In patients with lung cancer, elevated levels of ANGPTL2 expression in tumor cells within the primary tumor were associated with a reduction in the period of disease-free survival after surgical resection. Transcription factors NFATc, ATF2, and c-Jun upregulated in aggressive tumor cells promoted increased Angptl2 expression. Most notably, tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 increased in vitro motility and invasion in an autocrine/paracrine manner, conferring an aggressive metastatic tumor phenotype. In xenograft mouse models, tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 accelerated metastasis and shortened survival whereas attenuating ANGPTL2 expression in tumor cells-blunted metastasis and extended survival. Overall, our findings showed that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 drives metastasis and provided an initial proof of concept for blockade of its action as a strategy to antagonize the metastatic process.
Comment on “Observation of Attosecond Light Localization in Higher Order Harmonic Generation” (2001)

A Comment on the Letter by N. A. Papadogiannis, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4289 (1999). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply. © 2001 The American Physical Society.
Synergic catalytic effects in confined spaces (2012)

Combining the merits of confined effects and synergic effects is a promising way to build efficient and versatile heterogeneous catalytic systems. Recently, heterogeneous bifunctional and even trifunctional catalysts have attracted more and more attention because the synergic catalysis between the multifunctional groups could be developed within confined spaces. Significantly, many incompatible functional groups have been successfully incorporated into one confined space and show superior catalytic performance. Understanding the synergic catalytic effects in confined spaces is of great significance for constructing sophisticated and efficient catalytic systems. This feature article summarizes the recent advances in synergic catalysis in confined spaces as well as the methods to build synergic catalysts. The confined spaces provided by the one- or three-dimensional rigid pores of mesoporous silicas or the two-dimensional flexible interlayer regions of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are mainly involved. An important reason for choosing mesoporous silica and LDH solids is that they additionally participate in synergic effects through their intrinsic active sites, the acidic hydroxyl groups on mesoporous silicas and acid-base bifunctional sites on layered double hydroxides, for example. Visible enhancement of catalytic activity or enantioselectivity or both was observed in aldol, Michael, Friedel-Crafts and Henry reactions, cyanosilylation, hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides, etc.
Enhancing the Sense of Agency by Transitional Weight Control in Virtual Co-Embodiment (2022)

Virtual reality helps us learn complex motor skills by providing a situation in which we observe or follow a teacher’s movements from a first-person perspective. However, it has been suggested that if the learners themselves do not behave actively, their body schemes will not be updated and motor skills will be acquired temporarily, but will not be retained in the long term. As a solution to this problem, “co-embodiment” in which two people embody an avatar that reflects the weighted average of their movements was proposed, and it is shown that the user can feel an excessive sense of agency (SoA) even when their control weight is small. From the perspective of motor skill learning, the learner must feel as strong a SoA as possible while performing the exercise as close to the teacher as possible. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method to transitionally change the weights in a situation where co-embodiment is used, such that a strong SoA is felt despite the high weights of control by others. Considering the two-step account of the agency model, which states that the SoA is influenced by context, we tested the hypothesis that an initially strong SoA can maintain the SoA despite a gradually decreased control weight. The experimental results support this hypothesis, and it is expected that the proposed method will enhance the effectiveness of motor skill learning using co-embodiment.
Conversational Agency in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (2020)

Augmented communicators (ACs) use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies to speak. Prior work in AAC research has looked to improve efficiency and expressivity of AAC via device improvements and user training. However, ACs also face constraints in communication beyond their device and individual abilities such as when they can speak, what they can say, and who they can address. In this work, we recast and broaden this prior work using conversational agency as a new frame to study AC communication. We investigate AC conversational agency with a study examining different conversational tasks between four triads of expert ACs, their close conversation partners (paid aide or parent), and a third party (experimenter). We define metrics to analyze AAC conversational agency quantitatively and qualitatively. We conclude with implications for future research to enable ACs to easily exercise conversational agency.
Intra-class multi-output regression based subspace analysis (2012)

A common challenge when dealing with heterogenous tasks such as face expression analysis, face and object recognition is high dimensionality and extreme appearance variations within each class. To handle such scenarios, we formulate a supervised Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based subspace learning technique that simultaneously preserves the intra-class regression information (local) and enhances inter-class discrimination (global) in the low dimensional embedding. Our method leverages the multi-dimensional image labels that quantify the within class regression to learn the subspaces for recognition. In addition, our formulation includes a novel multi-output regression based NMF algorithm.
Local IL-17 Production and a Decrease in Peripheral Blood Regulatory T Cells in an Animal Model of Bronchiolitis Obliterans (2010)

After allograft in a mouse bronchiolitis obliterans model, IL-17 production increases locally without an alteration in peripheral blood Th17 cells, whereas peripheral Tregs decreases. Th17 cells, which can be regulated by IL-6 stimulation, may play a role in posttransplantation rejection of the allograft.
Application of current utilization technologies to coal solid wastes of the future (1985)

US utilities currently generate over 100 million tons of solid wastes per year. There is no single answer for the effective management of these wastes, but utilization to yield products that can be manufactured and marketed successfully is becoming increasingly attractive as an alternative to disposal. Most established uses are construction related and include road base materials, structural fill, cement admixtures, light-weight aggregate and land reclamation. Other relatively high technology applications such as mineral recovery and the separation of magnetite and censopheres are less well developed but offer significant opportunities. An important future consideration is the utilization of wastes resulting from new energy technologies and having different characteristics. Technologies included are fluidized bed boilers, flue gas dry scrubbers, and special multistage combustion burners. These developments will lead to replacement of pulverized coal fly ash with new ash forms which contain highly reactive materials such as alkaline oxides and sulfites. This paper briefly reviews current utilization technologies and examines their application to the solid wastes expected in the future.
Towards an understanding of anti-virtualization and anti-debugging behavior in modern malware (2008)

Many threats that plague today’s networks (e.g., phishing, botnets, denial of service attacks) are enabled by a complex ecosystem of attack programs commonly called malware. To combat these threats, defenders of these networks have turned to the collection, analysis, and reverse engineering of malware as mechanisms to understand these programs, generate signatures, and facilitate cleanup of infected hosts. Recently however, new malware instances have emerged with the capability to check and often thwart these defensive activities — essentially leaving defenders blind to their activities. To combat this emerging threat, we have undertaken a robust analysis of current malware and developed a detailed taxonomy of malware defender fingerprinting methods. We demonstrate the utility of this taxonomy by using it to characterize the prevalence of these avoidance methods, to generate a novel fingerprinting method that can assist malware propagation, and to create an effective new technique to protect production systems.
Seismic anisotropy and apparent symmetry from basin and stress history simulations: Theory and example (2015)

Summary Stressed, fractured rocks can have complex symmetry. Understanding the compaction and burial history of a basin can be used to better build complex models based on geological concepts and numerical modeling. In this example, we show how 3D stress modeling through basin evolution in time (4D geomechanical basin modeling) enables us to identify fracture orientation based on failure criteria and direction of minimum principal stresses which together with the structural geometry and rock physics modeling can be transformed into the anisotropic elastic stiffness tensor and its symmetry. We demonstrate this integrated concept on a Gulf of Mexico basin model.
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Against Five Strains of Propionibacterium acnes (2007)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of 22 essential oils from Thai medicinal plants against 5 strains of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated using disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The results showed that 19 oils could inhibit the growth of P. acnes. According to the inhibition zone, kaffir lime leaf (Citrus hystrix DC.), lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) and michelia oil (Michelia alba DC.) had the strongest antibacterial activity. The results form the agar dilution method showed the same trend in which lemongrass oil and citronella oil showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration against 5 strains bacteria at 0.125% v/v. Therefore, these two essential oils are an interesting source for further study and possibly as an alternative acne treatment. ©All right reserved.
Plasma Ghrelin in Obesity before and after Weight Loss after Laparoscopical Adjustable Gastric Banding (2004)

Weight reduction after gastric bypass surgery has been attributed to a decrease of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin, which may be regulated by insulin and leptin. This study examined effects of long-term weight loss after laparoscopical adjustable gastric banding on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations and their relationship with insulin action. Severely obese patients (15 women, three men, 36 +/- 12 yr) underwent clinical examinations every 3 months and modified oral glucose tolerance tests to assess parameters of insulin sensitivity and secretion every 6 months. After surgery, body mass index fell from 45.3 +/- 5.3 to 37.2 +/- 5.3 and 33.6 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2) at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P < 0.0001). This was associated with lower (P < 0.0001) plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Plasma leptin decreased from 27.6 +/- 9.5 to 17.7 +/- 9.8 (P = 0.0005) and 12.7 +/- 5.1 ng/ml (P < 0.0001). Plasma ghrelin was comparable before and at 6 months (234 +/- 53; 232 +/- 53 pmol/liter) but increased at 12 months (261 +/- 72 pmol/liter; P = 0.05 vs. 6 months). At 6 and 12 months, ghrelin levels correlated negatively with fasting plasma insulin levels and hepatic insulin extraction but not with body mass or insulin action. In conclusion, prolonged weight loss results in a rise of fasting ghrelin concentrations that correlates with fasting insulin concentrations but not improvement of insulin sensitivity.
Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones for Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2001)

The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) represents a threshold above which the selective proliferation of resistant mutants is expected to occur only rarely. A provisional MPC (MPC(pr)) was defined and measured for five fluoroquinolones with clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Based on their potential for restricting the selection of resistant mutants, the five fluoroquinolones, in descending order, were found to be moxifloxacin > trovafloxacin > gatifloxacin > grepafloxacin > levofloxacin. For several compounds, 90% of about 90 clinical isolates that lacked a known resistance mutation had a value of MPC(pr) that was close to or below the serum levels that could be attained with a dosing regimen recommended by the manufacturers. Since MPC(pr) overestimates MPC, these data identify moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin as good candidates for determining whether MPC(pr) can be used as a guide for choosing and eventually administering fluoroquinolones to significantly reduce the development of resistance.
Progressive Neural Networks (2016)

Learning to solve complex sequences of tasks--while both leveraging transfer and avoiding catastrophic forgetting--remains a key obstacle to achieving human-level intelligence. The progressive networks approach represents a step forward in this direction: they are immune to forgetting and can leverage prior knowledge via lateral connections to previously learned features. We evaluate this architecture extensively on a wide variety of reinforcement learning tasks (Atari and 3D maze games), and show that it outperforms common baselines based on pretraining and finetuning. Using a novel sensitivity measure, we demonstrate that transfer occurs at both low-level sensory and high-level control layers of the learned policy.
Coordinated autonomous vehicle formations: decentralization, control synthesis and optimization (2006)

This paper describes a novel methodology for high-level control and coordination of autonomous vehicle formations and its demonstration on high fidelity models of the organic air vehicle developed at Honeywell Laboratories. The scheme employs decentralized receding horizon controllers that reside on each vehicle to achieve coordination among team members. An appropriate graph structure describes the underlying communication topology between the vehicles. On each vehicle, information about neighbors is used to predict their behavior so that conflict-free trajectories that maintain coordination and achieve team objectives result. When feasibility of the decentralized control is lost, collision avoidance is ensured by invoking emergency maneuvers that are computed via invariant set theory
Faculty Opinions recommendation of FcgammaRIII-dependent inhibition of interferon-gamma responses mediates suppressive effects of intravenous immune globulin. (2007)

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) suppresses autoantibody-mediated inflammation by inducing and activating the inhibitory Fc receptor FcgammaRIIb and downstream negative signaling pathways. We investigated the effects of IVIG on cellular responses to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a potent macrophage activator that exacerbates inflammation. Our study showed that IVIG blocked IFN-gamma signaling and IFN-gamma-induced gene expression and suppressed IFN-gamma function in vivo during immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes and in an IFN-gamma-enhanced model of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The mechanism of inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling was suppression of expression of the IFNGR2 subunit of the IFN-gamma receptor. The inhibitory effect of IVIG was mediated at least in part by soluble immune complexes and was dependent on FcgammaRIII but independent of FcgammaRIIb. These results reveal an unexpected inhibitory role for the activating FcgammaRIII in mediating suppression of IFN-gamma signaling and suggest that inhibition of macrophage responses to IFN-gamma contributes to the anti-inflammatory properties of IVIG. PMID: 17239631
Allergic Lung Inflammation Aggravates Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice (2015)

This study suggests a pathological link between airway allergic disease and AAA. Production of one disease aggravates the progression of the other.
Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Dependence by Using Knockout Mice (2003)

Opium, extracted from the seed of the poppy Papaver somniferum , has been used and abused for several thousand years. This substance is highly efficient to relieve pain or treat dysentery, and also shows strong euphoric and addictive properties. Due to their exceptional therapeutic potential, the active ingredients of opium have been the subject of intense investigations. Morphine, named after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams, was isolated in 1806 (1) and is considered the prototypic opioid compound. This compound retains both analgesic and addictive properties of opium. Despite numerous adverse effects (2), morphine remains the best painkiller in contemporary medicine, and its clinical use is under tight regulation. In 1898 heroin was chemically synthesized by morphine diacetylation, in an attempt to obtain a drug with lower abuse liability. In fact, this morphine derivative showed even higher addictive potential due to its distinct pharmacokinetic properties. Heroin is being illegally abused worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Attempts to dissociate opioid analgesia from opioid addiction have been unsuccessful so far.
Minimizing Health Risks Among Older Adults With Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities: Clinical Considerations to Promote Quality of Life (2012)

The number of individuals aging with lifelong intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (I/DD) is increasing and is expected to double by 2030. People with I/DD have faced a number of health disparities, including health care professionals unprepared to meet their health needs. This article will review age- and health-related clinical considerations among individuals aging with I/DD. The aim is to provide nurses with suggested interventions that promote health, prevent secondary conditions, and foster person-centered care among individuals aging with I/DD to help them live healthy and meaningful lives in their later years.