gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Rapid, Quantitative Real-Time PCR Method for Enumeration of Pathogenic Candida Cells in Water (2003)

Quantitative PCR (QPCR) technology, incorporating fluorigenic 5' nuclease (TaqMan) chemistry, was utilized for the specific detection and quantification of six pathogenic species of Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. lusitaniae) in water. Known numbers of target cells were added to distilled and tap water samples, filtered, and disrupted directly on the membranes for recovery of DNA for QPCR analysis. The assay's sensitivities were between one and three cells per filter. The accuracy of the cell estimates was between 50 and 200% of their true value (95% confidence level). In similar tests with surface water samples, the presence of PCR inhibitory compounds necessitated further purification and/or dilution of the DNA extracts, with resultant reductions in sensitivity but generally not in quantitative accuracy. Analyses of a series of freshwater samples collected from a recreational beach showed positive correlations between the QPCR results and colony counts of the corresponding target species. Positive correlations were also seen between the cell quantities of the target Candida species detected in these analyses and colony counts of Enterococcus organisms. With a combined sample processing and analysis time of less than 4 h, this method shows great promise as a tool for rapidly assessing potential exposures to waterborne pathogenic Candida species from drinking and recreational waters and may have applications in the detection of fecal pollution.
Crystalline α-Methyl-D-altroside and Some New Derivatives of D-Altrose1 (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystalline α-Methyl-D-altroside and Some New Derivatives of D-Altrose1Nelson K. Richtmyer and C. S. HudsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 6, 1727–1731Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01851a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01851a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: SELF‐ASSOCIATION OF ORGANOCOBALAMINS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1985)

Abstract Das 1 H‐NMR‐Spektrum des Methylcobalamins (I) (mit koordinierter Base) zeigt in neutraler wäßriger Lösung konzentrationsabhängige Verschiebungen; die einem Monomer‐ Dimer‐Gleichgewicht entsprechen.
Abstract 303: Developing predictive biomarkers of PI3K/AKT pathway activation (2010)

Abstract The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently up-regulated in cancer. This occurs through activation of growth factor receptors, PI3K (p110α) mutations and amplifications, PTEN loss, and more rarely mutations and amplifications of the AKT genes. These pathway alterations could be useful as predictive biomarkers to identify the tumors that are dependent on the PI3K/AKT pathway and therefore, most likely to respond to PI3K/AKT targeted agents. PTEN is frequently inactivated in tumors from various tissues especially brain, endometrium, prostate, ovary, and breast. Developing a predictive biomarker assay PTEN status is challenging because PTEN is lost in cancer by multiple mechanisms including gene deletion, mutations, and DNA methylation. Here we evaluate multiple assays to detect PTEN loss in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer cell lines as well as tumors to assess the prevalence by which loss occurs by these different mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 303.
Identification of Amines. I. N-(Arylaminomethyl)-phthalimides (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of Amines. I. N-(Arylaminomethyl)-phthalimidesMeldrum B. Winstead and Harold W. HeineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 7, 1913–1914Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01612a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01612a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of genetic variants on renal uric acid handling in response to frusemide: an acute intervention study (2017)

ACTRN12614000871640; Results.
A methodology for designing accurate anomaly detection systems (2007)

Anomaly detection systems have the potential to detect zero-day attacks. However, these systems can suffer from high rates of false positives and can be evaded through through mimicry attacks. The key to addressing both problems is careful control of model generalization. An anomaly detection system that undergeneralizes generates too many false positives, while one that overgeneralizes misses attacks. In this paper, we present a methodology for creating anomaly detection systems that make appropriate trade-offs regarding model precision and generalization. Specifically, we propose that systems be created by taking an appropriate, undergeneralizing data modeling method and extending it using data pre-processing generalization heuristics. To show the utility of our methodology, we show how it has been applied to the problem of detecting malicious web requests.
A Survey of Thermodynamics (1996)

Partial Contents: 1. Temperature and equilibrium. 2. Heat and work. 3. The emergence of thermodynamics. 4. Entropy and the Second Law. 5. Special topics. 6. Equilibrium thermodynamics. 7. Applications. 8. Secondary Effects the Third Law of Thermodynamics. 9. Phase Transitions. 10. Microscopic Theories. 11. Statistical Mechanics. 12. Thermodynamics in Special Relativity.
Responsive Glyco-poly(2-oxazoline)s: Synthesis, Cloud Point Tuning, and Lectin Binding (2011)

A new sugar-substituted 2-oxazoline monomer was prepared using the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Its copolymerization with 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline as well as 2-(dec-9-enyl)-2-oxazoline, yielding well-defined copolymers with the possibility to tune the properties by thiol-ene "click" reactions, is described. Extensive solubility studies on the corresponding glycocopolymers demonstrated that the lower critical solution temperature behavior and pH-responsiveness of these copolymers can be adjusted in water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) depending on the choice of the thiol. By conjugation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranose and subsequent deprotection of the sugar moieties, the hydrophilicity of the copolymer could be increased significantly, allowing a cloud-point tuning in the physiological range. Furthermore, the binding capability of the glycosylated copoly(2-oxazoline) to concanavalin A was investigated.
Olfactory training with Aromastics: olfactory and cognitive effects (2021)

OT is effective in supporting olfactory rehabilitation and interventions targeted to verbal semantic fluency. However, it may be prone to a ceiling effect, being efficient in subjects presenting with lower baseline olfactory performance and lower verbal semantic fluency.
Trapdoor Computational Fuzzy Extractors and Stateless Cryptographically-Secure Physical Unclonable Functions (2016)

We present a fuzzy extractor whose security can be reduced to the hardness of Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) and can efficiently correct a constant fraction of errors in a biometric source with a “noise-avoiding trapdoor.” Using this computational fuzzy extractor, we present a stateless construction of a cryptographically-secure Physical Unclonable Function. Our construct requires no non-volatile (permanent) storage, secure or otherwise, and its computational security can be reduced to the hardness of an LPN variant under the random oracle model. The construction is “stateless,” because there is no information stored between subsequent queries, which mitigates attacks against the PUF via tampering. Moreover, our stateless construction corresponds to a PUF whose outputs are free of noise because of internal error-correcting capability, which enables a host of applications beyond authentication. We describe the construction, provide a proof of computational security, analysis of the security parameter for system parameter choices, and present experimental evidence that the construction is practical and reliable under a wide environmental range.
Plasmonic Nanogap‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Using a Resonant Nanodome Array (2012)

The optical properties and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of plasmonic nanodome array (PNA) substrates in air and aqueous solution are investigated. PNA substrates are inexpensively and uniformly fabricated with a hot spot density of 6.25 × 10(6) mm(-2) using a large-area nanoreplica moulding technique on a flexible plastic substrate. Both experimental measurement and numerical simulation results show that PNAs exhibit a radiative localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to dipolar coupling between neighboring nanodomes and a non-radiative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) resulting from the periodic array structure. The high spatial localization of electromagnetic field within the ∼10 nm nanogap together with the spectral alignment between the LSPR and excited and scattered light results in a reliable and reproducible spatially averaged SERS enhancement factor (EF) of 8.51 × 10(7) for Au-coated PNAs. The SERS enhancement is sufficient for a wide variety of biological and chemical sensing applications, including detection of common metabolites at physiologically relevant concentrations.
Kinetics and mechanism of iodination of 1-methylpyrazole (1962)

A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the rate law in buffered aqueous iodine-iodide solutions. Three iodinating agents other than iodine were considered: direct attack by hypoiodous acid, acid catalyzed attack by hypoiodous acid, and the iodinium ion. The first two were discarded because of the observed dependence of the rate on the buffer concentration and the observed independence of the rate on the hydrogen ion concentration. The postulated mechanism is in agreement with the mechanisms for aniline and pyrazole. The rate determining step is the removal of the proton from the intermediate by the buffer. However, it was found that iodine was the major iodinating species and that the iodinium ion had a much smaller effect. A qualitative discussion of the reactivities of pyrazole, J-methylpyrazole., and l-methylpyrazole was made. An attempt was made to show possible reasons for the observed results.
P2‐172: Investigating cardiovascular risk factors on cognition: A two‐cohort study (2012)

Vascular disease has been associated with poor cognitive function, an increased risk of dementia and more rapid progression of cognitive decline. The degree of contribution and overlap of vascular and amyloid pathological processes on a patient's clinical manifestation of disease is still not well understood. Vascular risk factors are well known and potentially modifiable and therefore an important avenue to pursue towards altering risk factors to prevent or delay cognitive decline. This study examines the association of vascular risk with cognitive performance in a combined cohort of older Australians with normal cognitive function. This research was conducted on the baseline data on the healthy control population of two major prospective longitudinal Australian cognitive studies, the Women's Healthy Ageing Project and the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle study. Data was combined on common measures including vascular biomarkers, physical measures (including blood pressure), cognitive measures and lifestyle. Cross-sectional analysis was undertaken on 939 healthy participants from the combined cohort, with a mean age 68.2 (range 60-95), 575 women and 364 men. The influence of blood pressure, lipid profile and the impact of cardiovascular risk score on cognitive function was examined using hierarchical regression controlling for age, education and APOE 4 status. A high diastolic blood pressure was associated with lower performance on composite measures of episodic memory and category fluency (<0.05), while systolic blood pressure significantly predicted lower performance on working memory (<0.05). Having higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) appeared to be protective, tracking with improved performance on verbal learning (<0.05) while higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was associated with lower performance on composite episodic memory. Those healthy participants who had higher PROCAM scores had statistically significant lower cognitive performance on composite episodic memory (<0.05). Vascular factors have an important role in the clinical manifestation of cognitive disease. This study examines a combined cohort of 939 Australians who underwent full cognitive testing and vascular risk profile and had normal cognition. Even in the normal cognitive range of performance, vascular risk presents a significant influence on cognitive performance. Further work examining the follow-up of these 938 individuals at repeat testing is currently underway.
Managing vocabulary for a centralized clinical system. (1995)

The clinical computing environment at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center is organized around a centralized database of coded patient information collected from various ancillary sources. The Medical Entities Dictionary (MED) is the central repository for the controlled vocabulary used to encode the patient data. The MED is composed of terms used in the ancillary departments and, as such, changes in the source vocabularies must be maintained in the MED. The MED also contains some basic knowledge about the terms, and sophisticated maintenance tools have been developed that take advantage of this knowledge. This paper describes the success of the knowledge-based approach by describing the techniques used in two tasks: addition of a new vocabulary and maintenance of an existing one.
Optical Distortion by Heated Windows in High-Power Laser Systems (1971)

In a typical long-focal-length laser system, the distortion of the laser beam by the heated exit window can significantly reduce the intensity at the target at power levels well below those required to melt or fracture the window. The spatially inhomogeneous incident laser intensity causes a temperature gradient which changes the thickness and the index of refraction n of the window, causing it to become a lens having, in general, aberration and birefringence in addition to a finite focal length. Expressions are derived for the thermally induced optical distortion in terms of measurable parameters such as n, dn/dT, the strain-optical coefficients p11 and p12, and the thermal-expansion coefficient α. Since the values of all these parameters are not known for most materials of interest, alternate expressions are derived for use in obtaining rough estimates of the amount of distortion. The temperature differential ΔTcrit across the radius of the window which causes a factor of 1/q reduction in target intensity is derived and tabulated (for the case of q=2). Figures of merit for rating materials are derived and tabulated for various materials. The distortion is smaller in general for ionic crystals than for covalent crystals. The briefringence is expected to be larger for the ionic materials than for the covalent ones. In typical systems, rather large increases, say an order of magnitude, in the value of ΔTcrit can be obtained by changing the focal length of the optical system. Other methods of reducing the optical distortion are discussed briefly. Since the optical distortion is expected to be the factor which determines the limit of the target intensity in long-focal-length systems, a large heat capacity and small values of α, dn/dT, p11, p12, and n are important, while the melting point, tensile strength, and Young's modulus are less important, within obvious limits. Experiments are suggested for studying the thermally induced optical distortion.
Molecular-Scale Soft Imprint Lithography for Alignment Layers in Liquid Crystal Devices (2007)

We describe molecular-scale soft nanoimprint lithographic replication of rubbed polyimide substrates to form alignment layers for liquid crystal devices. Systematic studies of the surface relief morphology of the polyimide and molded structures in three different polymers illustrate good lithographic fidelity down to relief heights of several nanometers, and with some capabilities at the level of approximately 1 nm. Collective results of experiments with several polymer formulations for molds and molded materials and process conditions indicate that this molecular-scale fidelity in replication can be used to produce surfaces that will effectively align liquid crystal molecules. Good electro-optical responses from liquid crystal light modulators that are formed in this manner suggest utility for fundamental studies and potential practical application.
Genetic marking of Lactococcus lactis shows its survival in the human gastrointestinal tract (1995)

A human feeding study was performed with Lactococcus lactis TC165.5, which is genetically marked by insertion of the sucrose-nisin conjugative transposon Tn5276 and chromosomal resistance to rifampin and streptomycin. The fate of strain TC165.5 and its nucleic acids was monitored by conventional plating methods and by molecular detection techniques based on specific PCR amplification of the nisin (nisA) gene from DNA extracted from human feces. A method was developed for the efficient extraction of microbial DNA from human feces. The results show that a fraction of viable cells of L. lactis TC165.5 survived passage through the human gastrointestinal tract. Only cells that passed within 3 days of ingestion could be recovered from the feces of the volunteers, and they accounted for approximately 1% of the total number of cells consumed. The presence of nisA in DNA extracted from feces could be detected up to 4 days, when viable cells were no longer present.
Effect of ultraviolet light on DNA structure in 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine-substituted HSV-1 DNA (1991)

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) was grown in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd), and the virion-DNA was isolated by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl. Irradiation of IdUrd-containing HSV DNA with either 302 nm or 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light introduced strand breakage into the DNA in a dose-dependent manner when analyzed by alkaline sucrose density gradient sedimentation. Irradiation of unsubstituted HSV DNA under similar conditions produced little strand breakage. These observations are in agreement with the proposed mechanism for photochemical generation of strand breakage in 5-halo-2'-deoxyuridine-containing DNA. Irradiation of IdUrd-substituted virions followed by analysis of the isolated DNA indicated less strand breakage than irradiation of isolated IdUrd-substituted DNA under equivalent conditions. The dosage of irradiation required to introduce DNA strand breakage in IdUrd-substituted virions was equivalent to that employed to affect greater than 99% loss of infectious virus activity in both control and IdUrd-containing virions. It is suggested that the relative UV insensitivity of IdUrd-substituted HSV may be due to the microstructure environment of the substituted HSV DNA which may favor recombination of the photochemically formed halogen-uracil radical pairs.
P450 Metabolism in Fibromyalgia (1995)

Objectives: To determine if the perceived high incidence of hypersensitivity to various substance in firomyalgia, including medications, due to abnormal P450 xenobiotic metabolism. Methods: The metabolism via two genetically polymorphic P450 pathways was determined for 33 fibromyalgia patients, and matched controls. Results: There was no statistical difference between the genotypic frequency of the CYP2D6 gene or phenotypic expression of CYP2C19 between patients and contorls. Conclusion: Xenobiotic metabolism by the two pathways studied is normal in fibromyalgia. Although other P450 pathways could conceivably be abnormal in fibromyalgia, we speculate that such hypersensitivity to multiple substances in these conditions is unlikely to be due to abnormal metabolism, and postulate instead that these symptoms are mediated by neural mechanisms.
Surfaces of Constant Order for Parallel-plane Interferometers (1967)

Abstract Two-dimensional curves of constant order, revolved to give three-dimensional surfaces, are presented as a simple and unified way of visualizing many of the properties of parallel-plane interferometers. Sections of these curves and surfaces give the locations of interference fringes, and constructions on the two-dimensional diagrams give many of the properties of these fringes in quantitative detail. Instruments considered are the Fabry-Perot interferometer, using both Haidinger and Edser-Butler fringes, interference filters, and the Michelson interferometer in its parallel gap configuration, including its use as a Fourier spectrograph.
THE EFFECT OF COMPONENT PLACEMENT ON JOINT LOADING AND CONTACT STRESS OF RESURFACING ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP (2011)

status: Published
Effect of washing procedures on trace-element content of hair. (1977)

A pooled sample of hair was divided and portions prepared for analysis by three washing procedures, to evaluate the effect of washing procedure on the subsequent trace-element (Zn, Cu, Mg) content. The methods selected were a detergent wash, a hexane-ethanol wash, and an acetone-ether-detergent wash. For all elements, there was a significant difference among the results after these wash procedures. Magnesium content of hair was most affected by washing, containing less than half of the magnesium of the unwashed hair. The detergent wash removed the most zinc and magnesium; the acetone-ether-detergent wash removed the most copper. Our results indicate that the trace-element analysis of hair is sensitive to the preparation technique and therefore is an unreliable source of information about trace-element status.