gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ASPHALTENES, HEITHAUS COMPATIBILITY PARAMETERS, AND ASPHALT VISCOSITY (1998)

ABSTRACT Historically, asphalt rheology has been described in terms of a colloidal model, which depicts asphalts as dispersions of asphaltenes in petrolenes (maltenes). The model leads to a classification of asphalts into sol, gel, or intermediate categories. Sol and gel type asphalts exhibit differences in physical and chemical behavior. Sol asphalts also are described as compatible, while gel asphalts are described as non-compatible. The relative viscosity of an asphalt, defined as the quotient of the viscosity of the whole asphalt divided by the viscosity of the n-heptane soluble maltene fraction at a given temperature and rate of shear is one measure of asphalt compatibility. Based on this definition of compatibility, asphalts with low values of relative viscosity are designated as compatible and higher values of relative viscosity are designated as incompatible. Asphalt compatibility is also related to the asphaltene content, where asphalts with low asphaltene content are designated as compatible. It is claimed that the Heithaus parameters also are measures of asphalt compatibility. Therefore there should be a relationship between relative viscosities (πrel), Heithaus parameters, and n-heptane asphaltene volume fractions ( φn-heptane)- Such a relationship has been derived assuming that the Heithaus pa parameter is numerically equivalent to α in the Pal-Rhodes equation.
Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh (2016)

In Bangladesh, anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is considered an endemic disease affecting ruminants with sporadic zoonotic occurrences in humans. Due to the lack of knowledge about risks from an incorrect removal of infected carcasses, the disease is not properly monitored, and because of the socio-economic conditions, the situation is under-reported and under-diagnosed. For sensitive species, anthrax represents a fatal outcome with sudden death and sometimes bleeding from natural orifices. The most common source of infection for ruminants is ingestion of spores during grazing in contaminated pastures or through grass and water contaminated with anthrax spores. Domestic cattle, sheep and goats can also become infected through contaminated bone meal (used as feed) originating from anthrax-infected carcasses. The present investigation was conducted to isolate B. anthracis organisms from 169 samples (73 soil, 1 tissue, 4 bone and 91 bone meal samples) collected from 12 different districts of Bangladesh. The sampling was carried out from 2012 to 2015. Twelve samples resulted positive for B. anthracis. Biomolecular analyses were conducted starting from the Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (CanSNP) to analyze the phylogenetic origin of strains. The analysis of genotype, obtained through the Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) with the analysis of 15 Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR), demonstrated four different genotypes: two of them were previously identified in the district of Sirajganj. The sub-genotyping, conducted with Single Nucleotide Repeats analysis, revealed the presence of eight subgenotypes. The data of the present study concluded that there was no observed correlation between imported cattle feed and anthrax occurrence in Bangladesh and that the remarkable genetic variations of B. anthracis were found in the soil of numerous outbreaks in this country.
Redox-active rotaxanes and catenanes for anion sensing (2011)

This thesis is concerned with the synthesis and study of novel anion templated rotaxanes and catenanes for electrochemical anion sensing, as well as interlocked structures that possess different anion binding properties, higher-order topologies and the ability to undergo molecular motion. Chapter One provides an introduction to anion recognition and the preparation of interlocked structures. A short summary of fundamental aspects of supramolecular chemistry is followed by detailed surveys of current approaches to anion binding and sensing, as well as the templated synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes. Chapter Two describes the preparation of rotaxanes and catenanes appended with ferrocene to allow for electrochemical anion sensing. The anion recognition properties of a [2]rotaxane and a [2]catenane, as investigated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical methods, are presented. The utilization of a ferrocene-appended macrocycle in the construction of surface confined anion templated rotaxanes and catenanes is also discussed. Chapter Three reports the work carried out to achieve electrochemical anion sensing by the incorporation of redox-active groups into the integral structures of interlocked structures. The syntheses of a bis-stoppered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-pentaphenylferrocene [2]rotaxane and a ferrocene containing [3]rotaxane are presented, along with their subsequent anion recognition studies. In addition, attempts to incorporate ferrocene into the macrocyclic components of rotaxanes and catenanes are outlined. Chapter Four details further investigations into the use of interlocked structures to achieve anion recognition. Doubly-charged [2]catenanes able to bind anions in aqueous solvent media, as well as the incorporation of alternative anion binding motifs into interlocked architectures are reported. The exploitation of anion templated synthesis to allow for the construction of higher order structures (including [3]catenanes, a “handcuff” catenane and a Janus [2]rotaxane), as well as a [2]catenane system with anion controlled molecular motion is also described. Chapter Five presents the experimental procedures and characterization data relating to the compounds prepared in Chapters Two, Three and Four. Chapter Six summarizes the main conclusions of the work contained within this thesis. Supplementary experimental information relating to titration protocols, investigations into self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and crystallographic data are provided in Appendices I, II and III.
Methods for Solving the Multifunctionality Problem in the Life Cycle Assessment of Ethanol Production from Corn Grain (2011)

Decreasing fossil resource availability and increasing climate change concern drives the demand for renewable alternatives, such as ethanol, to fossil fuels. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the tool used to evaluate environmental impacts, such as Energy Intensity (EI) and Global Warming Potential (GWP), from ethanol production, but the application of this tool varies greatly. The goals of this study are to evaluate the various solutions to the multifunctionality problem which arises in LCA, explore ethanol production scenarios which differ at the treatment of the Whole Stillage (WS) co-product and, enumerate the life cycle EI, Net Energy Value (NEV) and GWP of corn grain ethanol production in Wisconsin. In Scenario 1, all suggested solutions to the multifunctionality problem are considered by transforming WS into the animal feed Dried Distillers Grains with Soluables (DDGS). Scenario 2 avoids allocation by using an integrated system which recycles the WS with an anaerobic biodigester and a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant to provide electricity and steam to the ethanol refinery and returns the residue to the land as fertilizer. We recommend the sub-division (SD) solution to the multifunctionality problem because it enables clear comparisons between different ethanol production systems, it distinguishes between the environmental impacts from ethanol production and co-product processing and it reduces the number of assumptions in the LCA calculations. We also recommend recycling the WS into electricity, heat and fertilizer because it results in a 40% lower EI and a 57% lower GWP than the processing of WS into DDGS.
Risk of subsequent cardiac events in stable convalescing patients after first non-Q-wave and Q-wave myocardial infarction (1994)

Stable convalescing patients who have recovered from first Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction have similar long-term prognoses. The occurrence of post-infarction angina is associated with increased risk of cardiac events in patients with both infarct types, with more marked effect in non-Q-wave than Q-wave infarctions. Ischemia detected by non-invasive tests performed in the convalescing phase after myocardial infarction was not prognostically useful in either infarct type.
Fault Diagnosis and control-reconfiguration in Large-Scale Systems: a Plug-and-Play approach (2014)

This paper deals with a novel Plug-and-Play (PnP) architecture for the control and monitoring of Large-Scale Systems (LSSs). The proposed approach integrates a distributed Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy with a distributed Fault Detection (FD) methodology for a class of nonlinear LSS in a PnP framework. The basic concept is to use the FD scheme as an autonomous decision support system: once a fault is detected, the faulty subsystem can be unplugged to avoid the propagation of the fault in the interconnected LSS. Analogously, once the issue has been solved, the disconnected subsystem can be re-plugged-in. PnP design of local controllers and detectors allow these operations to be performed safely, i.e. without spoiling stability and constraint satisfaction for the whole LSS.
Aufbau und Arbeitsweise eines mikrorechnergestützten TLD-Auswertegerätes (1989)

Abstract During the last years an extended application of thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) i.e. for purposes of large scale personnel monitoring could be observed. The reasons for this development are the advantages of TLD as well as the introduction of microcomputer controlled TL-read out instruments. Consequently, there is a growing tendency towards automation. In this paper the design of a microcomputer controlled TL reader and its operational modes are described. Additionally a performance test of this instrument is given regarding the IEC document 45 B (Secr.) 77. Keywords: computerscontrolled areasthermoluminescent dosemetersthermoluminescent dosimetrypersonnel monitoring
Correlations between radiographic, clinical and mobility parameters after loading of oral implants with fixed partial dentures. A 2‐year longitudinal study. (1996)

The aim of the present study was to correlate the changes in the peri‐implant tissues occurring after functional loading of non‐submerged titanium implants and assessed by radiographic, clinical and mobility measurements. 11 patients with distal extension situations received 18 implants of the ITI® Dental Implant System. After a healing period of 3months, the suprastructures were fabricated and seated 5months post‐surgically. For the assessment of peri‐implant bone changes, standardized vertical bitewing radiographs with reproducible exposure geometry were evaluated using computer assisted densitometric image analyses (CADIA) and bone height measurements. Since the radiographic evaluations were performed at mesial and distal sites only, the clinical parameters from these implant aspects were included in the analysis. Clinical periodontal parameters modified for the use around implants were obtained, damping characteristics were expressed as Periotest® readings and standardized radiographs were obtained at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after loading. In addition, radiographs were also taken at the start of functional loading. The data obtained from this small sample of implants demonstrated a wide range of different tissue alterations when using radiographic. clinical and mobility assessments. The parameter of probing attachment level (PAL) in combination with radiographic parameters obtained at 1, 3 and 6 months after loading were good predictors for the peri‐implant tissue status at 2 years. This was shown by means of multiple stepwise regression analyses. Mobility measurements did not reveal valuable predictive information with the statistical models applied. Assessments of probing attachment levels using periodontal probes rendered information on peri‐implant tissue alterations, which were closely correlated to the radiographically measurable peri‐implant bone changes.
i-DEMATEL method for integrated manufacturing technology selection (2015)

Purpose – Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) refers the manufacturing concept based on the use of computers to control and exchange information for the entire production process. As a result, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone. However, managing and implementing technologies in the CIM environment are challenging processes for managements and manufacturing organizations. These processes become complex and tedious when one is dealing with many decision parameters. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study reports an Interval Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (i-DEMATEL) method for evaluating and selecting the CIM technologies that takes into account management objectives. This method can relieve the limitation of the relationship matrix about the assumption of the symmetrical relationship. As a result, it can solve complicated relationship structure problems. Findings – Based on a survey on the current technologies in manufacturing institutes, a case study is demonstrated to present the application of the model. The i-DEMATEL approach takes into account all decision parameters for evaluating and implementing CIM technologies and shows CNC/DNC technology is the most suitable for this case study. Originality/value – The proposed method mitigates the shortcomings of non-fuzzy and fuzzy methods in pertaining literature.
Pathogenesis of Primary R5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clones in SCID-hu Mice (2000)

We studied the replication and cytopathicity in SCID-hu mice of R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) biological clones from early and late stages of infection of three patients who never developed MT-2 cell syncytium-inducing (SI; R5X4 or X4) viruses. Several of the late-stage non-MT-2 cell syncytium-inducing (NSI; R5) viruses from these patients depleted human CD4(+) thymocytes from SCID-hu mice. Earlier clones from the same patients did not deplete CD4(+) thymocytes from SCID-hu mice as well as later clones. We studied three R5 HIV-1 clones from patient ACH142 in greater detail. Two of these clones were obtained prior to the onset of AIDS; the third was obtained following the AIDS diagnosis. In GHOST cell infection assays, all three ACH142 R5 HIV-1 clones could infect GHOST cells expressing CCR5 but not GHOST cells expressing any of nine other HIV coreceptors tested. Furthermore, these patient clones efficiently infected stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a normal donor but not those from a homozygous CCR5Delta32 individual. Statistical analyses of data obtained from infection of SCID-hu mice with patient ACH142 R5 clones revealed that only the AIDS-associated clone significantly depleted CD4(+) thymocytes from SCID-hu mice. This clone also replicated to higher levels in SCID-hu mice than the two earlier clones, and a significant correlation between viral replication and CD4(+) thymocyte depletion was observed. Our results indicate that an intrinsic property of AIDS-associated R5 patient clones causes their increased replication and cytopathic effects in SCID-hu mice and likely contributes to the development of AIDS in patients who harbor only R5 quasispecies of HIV-1.
Two‐Step Photoalignment with High Resolution for the Alignment of Blue Phase Liquid Crystal (2022)

Abstract The self‐assembling properties of liquid crystal (LC) are ideal for realizing switchable optical components. The director organization is strongly determined by the alignment at the substrate interfaces and photoalignment is a versatile method based on linearly polarized UV light. In this work, a two‐step photoalignment procedure is proposed to pattern the alignment at the surface. Illumination with uniform polarization or with an interference pattern is combined to obtain stripe patterns or square patterns of photoalignment. It can indeed be confirmed that the nematic director follows the varying azimuthal orientation. By increasing the angle between the two interfering beams, photoalignment with sub‐micrometer resolution is obtained, compatible with the dimensions of blue phase (BP) LC unit cell. Homogeneous domains of BP II with (100) or (110) crystal orientation are obtained and their Kossel patterns are recorded. The two‐step photoalignment technique allows to create patterns with high resolution and to control the orientation of BP LC, which is promising for photonic applications that require single domains.
3-D nano-fiber manufacturing by controlled pulling of liquid polymers using nano-probes (2004)

In-addition to the applications of imaging and characterization, proximal probes are proposed to be used three-dimensional (3-D) nano-scale manufacturing tools in this paper. Commercially available Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) systems are mainly limited to 1-D or 2-D manipulation tasks, and advanced 3-D nano-manufacturing applications are not possible. Therefore, this paper proposes 3-D nano-scale manipulation of liquid polymer nano-fibers by using precise positioning and temperature control. AFM nano-probe is used to pull or extrude thermoset or thermoplastic polymers precisely to fabricate 3-D polymer nano-fiber structures. A liquid SU-8 polymer structure bridge between the probe tip and a substrate is held when pulling the probe from the surface with controlled speed and position. For thermoset polymer, by heating the substrate and moving the AFM probe tip in a precise 3-D trajectory, the liquid fiber is cured in real-time while a predetermined 3-D shape is constructed. To model the curing of thermoset resins a three dimensional transient heat transfer scheme using Alternate Direction Implicit (ADI) finite volume method has been developed which numerically simulates the kinetics of cure, specifically the exothermic heat given out during the cure reaction of thermosetting resin.
FlexOS : Vers une Isolation Flexible du Noyau (2021)

National audience
Biological aspects of macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) and its receptor. (1997)

Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; also known as HGF-like protein [HGFl]) is a 78 kDa plasma protein that is secreted by the liver into the circulation as single-chain, biologically inactive pro-MSP. The presence of conserved triple disulfide loops (kringles) places pro-MSP in a family of coagulation system serine protease zymogens that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. Although pro-MSP has lost enzymic activity, it has retained the activation mechanism, in that proteolytic cleavage at a single site yields biologically active disulfide-linked alpha beta-chain heterodimeric MSP. The MSP receptor is a transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase. MSP causes phosphorylation of the receptor cytoplasmic domain, association of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3 kinase with the receptor, and phosphorylation of receptor-bound PI-3 kinase. Inhibition of PI-3 kinase by wortmannin prevents MSP action on cells. MSP stimulates motility of murine resident peritoneal macrophages. However, it does not act on exudate macrophages or blood monocytes, since these earlier maturational stages of the lineage do not express the receptor. MSP also stimulates keratinocyte cell lines, causing either chemotactic responses or increased cell numbers in culture. We suggest that pro-MSP diffuses into local tissue sites, where proteolytic cleavage to MSP results in stimulation of keratinocytes and macrophages. It possibly plays a role in tissue injury or wound healing.
Excitability of the central masticatory pathways in patients with painful temporomandibular disorders (1997)

Much is unclear about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying painful temporomandibular disorders. In addition to various other theories, masticatory muscle dysfunction and pain have also been attributed to primary central nervous system hyperactivity. We assessed this possibility in a study using recent neurophysiological techniques. From among outpatients whose diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders had been obtained in stomatognathic facilities, we studied 10 patients with bilateral pain and 15 patients with unilateral pain, in whom electromyographic examination of the trigeminal reflexes disclosed normal findings except for absence or amplitude asymmetry of the jaw jerk. Transcranial magnetic stimulation yielded masseter motor evoked potentials of normal latency and amplitude, but five patients had to exert a near-maximum contraction to obtain their responses. The masseter silent periods elicited by the double-shock technique recovered normally. Because these tests measure the excitability of the masticatory system (including motor cortex, corticobulbar and corticoreticular connections, reticular interneurones and lower motoneurones), the lack of facilitation in these patients' responses excluded central hyperactivity as the primary cause of their masticatory dysfunction and pain.
A wideband circularly polarized printed dipole antenna composed of right-angled trapezoids (2016)

We propose a printed dipole antenna by which the reflection coefficient and axial ratio are maintained at less than -10 dB and 3 dB, respectively in a wide fractional bandwidth of 102%. A circular polarization is attained by shaping elements of a dipole as a right-angled trapezoid. It is shown that a wideband impedance matching is attained by feeding through rectangular prominences.
Failure patterns correlate with the proportion of residual carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus (2005)

Data from the current study demonstrate that the proportion of residual carcinoma after preoperative CRT is significantly correlated with patterns of locoregional and distant failure. Future investigations should focus on reducing the proportion of residual carcinoma and metastatic disease progression in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
<title>Performance tests of a 1500 degree-of-freedom adaptive optics system for atmospheric compensation</title> (1991)

Results from a benchtop experiment to demonstrate phase compensation using a 512 segment, 1500 degree-of-freedom adaptive optic system are presented. Atmospheric phase distortion is simulated by a static Kolmogorov spectrum aberration plate with r0 equal to the subaperture size. The phase gradients are measured using a Poisson-limited, self-referenced shearing interferometer which operated at two distinct shear lengths. A parallel processor is then employed utilizing a sparse matrix multiply to reconstruct the phase front in realtime. The performance of the compensation was determined by measuring the normalized half lambda/D intensity ratio in the Fourier transform plane. Corrections to a Strehl ratio of 0.55 were performed, consistent with the measured sensitivity of the system.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Efficient Enumeration of Induced Matchings in a Graph without Cycles with Length Four (2018)

In this study, we address a problem pertaining to the induced matching enumeration. An edge set M is an induced matching of a graph G=(V,E). The enumeration of matchings has been widely studied in literature; however, there few studies on induced matching. A straightforward algorithm takes O(Δ2) time for each solution that is coming from the time to generate a subproblem, where Δ is the maximum degree in an input graph. To generate a subproblem, an algorithm picks up an edge e and generates two graphs, the one is obtained by removing e from G, the other is obtained by removing e, adjacent edge to e, and edges adjacent to adjacent edge of e. Since this operation needs O(Δ2) time, a straightforward algorithm enumerates all induced matchings in O(Δ2) time per solution. We investigated local structures that enable us to generate subproblems within a short time and proved that the time complexity will be O(1) if the input graph is C4-free. A graph is C4-free if and only if none of its subgraphs have a cycle of length four.