gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative Quantum Electrodynamics in the Cherenkov Effect (2018)

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is one of the most precisely tested theories in the history of science, giving accurate predictions to a wide range of experimental observations. Recent experimental advances allow for the ability to probe physics on extremely short attosecond timescales, enabling ultrafast imaging of quantum dynamics. It is of great interest to extend our understanding of short-time quantum dynamics to QED, where the focus is typically on long-time observables such as S matrices, decay rates, and cross sections. That said, solving the short-time dynamics of the QED Hamiltonian can lead to divergences, making it unclear how to arrive at physical predictions. We present an approach to regularize QED at short times and apply it to the problem of free-electron radiation into a medium, known as Cherenkov radiation. Our regularization method, which can be extended to other QED processes, is performed by subtracting the self-energy in free space from the self-energy calculated in the medium. Surprisingly, we find a number of previously unknown phenomena yielding corrections to the conventional Cherenkov effect that could be observed in current experiments. Specifically, the Cherenkov velocity threshold increases relative to the famous conventional theory. This modification to the conventional theory, which can be non-negligible in realistic scenarios, should result in the suppression of spontaneous emission in readily available experiments. Finally, we reveal a bifurcation process creating radiation into new Cherenkov angles, occurring in the strong-coupling regime, which would be realizable by considering the radiation dynamics of highly charged ions. Our results shed light on QED phenomena at short times and reveal surprising new physics in the Cherenkov effect.
Frustration Effects and Microscopic Growth Mechanisms for BN Nanotubes (1998)

Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the growth mechanisms of boron-nitride (BN) nanotubes. In the experimental conditions of temperature, the behavior of single-wall BN nanotubes strongly depends on their helicity. Open-ended ``zigzag'' tubes close into an amorphouslike tip, preventing further growth. In the ``armchair'' case, the formation of squares traps the tip into a flat cap able to revert to a growing hexagonal network by incorporating incoming atoms. These findings are related to the greater stability of B-N bonds as compared to B-B or N-N bonds.
Hybrid precoding with compressive sensing based limited feedback in massive MIMO systems (2016)

ABSTRACT Massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems are an enabling technology for high capacity 5G cellular networks. However, the high hardware complexity and power consumption make it difficult to apply conventional MIMO precoding schemes in massive MIMO. Additionally, thanks to the large channel dimension, applying traditional limited feedback schemes for obtaining channel state information at the transmitter is a challenge. In this paper, we develop a low‐complexity hybrid precoding scheme for multiuser massive MIMO system in mmWave communication. We design the analog beamformer as the conjugate transpose of the downlink channel from base station to the users. Then zero‐forcing baseband processing is applied over the effective channel. We get the optimal power allocation policy and compare its performance with average power allocation based on channel state information at transmitter. The channel state information at transmitter is obtained via a compressive sensing based limited feedback strategy. The effectiveness of hybrid precoding relies on the feedback quality of channel state information, which relies on the compression ratio. We quantify the impact of compression ratio on precoder performance and derive an upper bound on the sum rate. Simulation results illustrate the performance of our proposed scheme and the effect of compressive sensing based limited feedback.
Spirocerca vulpissp. nov. (Spiruridae: Spirocercidae): description of a new nematode species of the red fox,Vulpes vulpes(Carnivora: Canidae) (2018)

Previous studies have reported nematodes of the Spirocercidae family in the stomach nodules of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) described as Spirocerca sp. or Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1819). We characterized spirurid worms collected from red foxes and compared them to S. lupi from domestic dogs by morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Nematodes from red foxes differed from S. lupi by the presence of six triangular teeth-like buccal capsule structures, which are absent in the latter. Additionally, in female worms from red foxes, the distance of the vulva opening to the anterior end and the ratio of the glandular-to-muscular oesophagus lengths were larger than those of S. lupi (P < 0.006). In males, the lengths of the whole oesophagus and glandular part, the ratio of the glandular-to-muscular oesophagus and the comparison of the oesophagus to the total body length were smaller in S. lupi (all P < 0.044). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. lupi and the red foxes spirurid represent monophyletic sister groups with pairwise nucleotide distances of 9.2 and 0.2% in the cytochrome oxidase 1 and 18S genes, respectively. Based on these comparisons, the nematodes from red foxes were considered to belong to a separate species, for which the name Spirocerca vulpis sp. nov. is proposed.
Apoptosis and the cell cycle. (1994)

This brief review examines the strict relationships between cell apoptosis and G1 cyclins. It has been shown that the basic role of G1 cyclins is in regulating G1 progression and G1/S transition (the critical cycle point for cell program decisions, including apoptosis) a fatal program for cells unable to bypass G1/S checkpoint 1. Notably, both of the two giant regulators of checkpoint 1 (i.e., p105RB [retinoblastoma oncosuppressor-encoded protein] and p53 dependent WAF1/CIP1) are influenced by or influence G1 cyclins: cyclin E/cdk2 kinase complexes hyperphosphorylate p105RB, induce E2F release, and free G1 exit. On the other hand, p21-WAF1/CIP1 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases blocking cells at G1/S. Thus, G1 cyclin activity appears as a conditio sine qua non for G1 exit and apoptosis escape.
Intramolecular Pancake Bonding in Helical Structures (2017)

We show that diradicaloid helical conjugated molecules can display strong through-space bonding interactions. These interactions are analogous to π-stacking pancake bonding widely observed for dimers and other aggregates of stable π-conjugated radicals. We show that these multicenter interactions can have a significant stabilizing effect, but they depend in subtle ways on the specific overlap and relative orientations of the radical carrying subunits. The specific through-space interactions between the radicaloid units occur at specific size ranges of the helical molecules.
The Dependence of Bare Soil Albedo on Soil Water Content (1975)

Simple albedo measurement may prove useful for sensing surface soil water content and as a research tool in the study of evaporation of water from soil. Intensive concurrent measurements of the albedo and soil water content of a drying bare soil indicate that albedo, normalized for sun zenith angle effects, is a linear function of the soil water content of a very thin surface layer (less than 0.2 cm thick) over a sizeable volumetric water content range (0.00 to 0.18 for an Avondale loam). Albedo is also well correlated with the average soil water content of greater soil thicknesses. Measurements to a depth of 10 cm indicate that the relation is relatively independent of season.
Study on Sub monolayer Epitaxy Growth under Anisotropic Detachment (2019)

We have performed Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to study the effect of diffusion anisotropy and bonding anisotropy on island formation at different temperatures during the sub-monolayer film growth in Molecular Beam Epitaxy. We use simple cubic solid on solid model and event based Bortz, Kalos and Labowitch (BKL) algorithm on Kinetic Monte Carlo method to simulate the physical phenomena. We have found that surface anisotropy has no significant role on island elongation however it influences on the island morphology, growth exponent and island size distribution. Elongated islands were obtained when bonding anisotropy was included.
Biosensors: Single Cell Nanobiosensors for Dynamic Gene Expression Profiling in Native Tissue Microenvironments (Adv. Mater. 39/2015) (2015)

On page 6034, P. K. Wong and co-workers demonstrate a nanorod-based biosensor for dynamic single-cell analysis in native tissue microenvironments. The biosensor is capable of monitoring spatiotemporal mRNA expression in primary human cells, capillary networks, and animal tissues, including the skin, retina, and cornea, challenged mechanically and biochemically.
Wicking in Paper Strips under Consideration of Liquid Absorption Capacity (2020)

Paper-based microfluidic devices have the potential of being a low-cost platform for diagnostic devices. Electrical circuit analogy (ECA) model has been used to model the wicking process in paper-based microfluidic devices. However, material characteristics such as absorption capacity cannot be included in the previous ECA models. This paper proposes a new model to describe the wicking process with liquid absorption in a paper strip. We observed that the fluid continues to flow in a paper strip, even after the fluid reservoir has been removed. This phenomenon is caused by the ability of the paper to store liquid in its matrix. The model presented in this paper is derived from the analogy to the current response of an electric circuit with a capacitance. All coefficients in the model are fitted with data of capillary rise experiments and compared with direct measurement of the absorption capacity. The theoretical data of the model agrees well with experimental data and the conventional Washburn model. Considering liquid absorption capacity as a capacitance helps to explain the relationship between material characteristics and the wicking mechanism.
Creating Features from a Learned Grammar in a Simulated Student (2012)

Understanding and developing intelligent agents that simulate human learning has been a long-standing goal in both artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Although learning agents are able to produce intelligent behavior with less human knowledge engineering than in the past, intelligent agent developers are still required to manually encode much prior domain knowledge. We recently proposed an efficient algorithm that acquires representations of the world using an unsupervised grammar induction algorithm, and integrated this representation learner into a simulated student, SimStudent. In this paper, we use the representation learner to automatically generate a set of feature predicates based on the acquired representation, and provide the automatically generated feature predicates to SimStudent as prior domain knowledge. We show that with the automatically-generated feature predicates, the learning agent can perform at a level comparable to when it is given manually-constructed feature predicates, but without the effort required to create these feature predicates.
Working with nucleic acids (2008)

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Magnetically Modified Semiconductor Electrodes for Light to Hydrogen Energy Conversion (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Inhibition of Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells and Attenuation of Atherosclerotic Lesion by a Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, Exendin-4 (2010)

Our data suggested that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the arterial wall by inhibiting the inflammatory response in macrophages, and that this effect may contribute to the attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by exendin-4.
XLA gene therapy turns a corner (2004)

Comment on Yu et al, page [1281][1]

A more clinically relevant mouse model for XLA with severe B-cell developmental and functional defects can be corrected by retroviral-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. 

Retroviral-mediated gene therapy has come under intense scrutiny because
An alternating copolymer consisting of light emitting and electron transporting units (1999)

An alternating copolymer composed of fluorenedivinylene as the light emitting unit and pyridine as the electron transporting one was synthesized by employing the Wittig reaction. The copolymer which has conjugation throughout the molecular chain is soluble in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The copolymer has a band gap energy of 2.85 eV deduced from an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, and ionization potential and electron affinity of –5.67 and –2.82 eV, respectively, deduced from a cyclic voltammogram. The photoluminescence (PL) emission maximum was observed at 440 or 540 nm depending on the solvent used in making the solution for spin-casting. The copolymer was also capable of transporting electrons and could be used as an electron transporting layer. A light emitting diode (LED) fabricated with a blend of polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) with a fluorene-based light emitting material, and this copolymer as an electron transporting layer, exhibited an electroluminescence (EL) emission maximum at 475 nm with a full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of 50 nm and a quantum efficiency of 0.1%, where indium tin oxide (ITO) and Al were used as the anode and cathode, respectively.
Supplementary Figure 3. Western blot analysis of myeloma PC derived from three relapsed/refractory patients treated with selinexor and carfilzomib, alone and in combination. from Synergistic Myeloma Cell Death via Novel Intracellular Activation of Caspase-10–Dependent Apoptosis by Carfilzomib and Selinexor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Plasma cells from patients that have failed on treatment regimens that have included proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and DNA damaging agents were purified from fresh bone marrow aspirates and treated with selinexor and carfilzomib.&lt;/p&gt;
Rapamycin-independent IGF2 expression in Tsc2-null mouse embryo fibroblasts and human lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells (2018)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, almost exclusively female lung disease linked to inactivating mutations in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a tumor suppressor gene that controls cell metabolic state and growth via regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) signaling. mTORC1 is frequently activated in human cancers and, although the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin has a cytostatic effect, it is, in general, unable to elicit a robust curative effect or tumor regression. Using RNA-Seq, we identified (1) Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF2) as one of the genes with the highest fold-change difference between human TSC2-null and TSC2-expressing angiomyolipoma cells from a patient with LAM, and (2) the mouse IGF2 homolog Igf2, as a top-ranking gene according to fold change between Tsc2-/- and Tsc2+/+ mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). We extended transcript-level findings to protein level, observing increased Igf2 protein expression and Igf2 secretion by Tsc2-/- MEFs. Increased Igf2 expression was not due to epigenetic imprinting, but was partially mediated through the Stat3 pathway and was completely insensitive to rapamycin treatment. An siRNA-mediated decrease of Igf2 resulted in decreased Stat3 phosphorylation, suggesting presence of an autocrine Igf2/Stat3 amplification cycle in Tsc2-/- MEFs. In human pulmonary LAM lesions and metastatic cell clusters, high levels of IGF2 were associated with mTORC1 activation. In addition, treatment of three primary IGF2-expressing LAM lung cell lines with rapamycin did not result in IGF2 level changes. Thus, targeting of IGF2 signaling may be of therapeutic value to LAM patients, particularly those who are unresponsive to rapamycin.
Impact of Nonlinear Phase Noise on All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of 10.7-GBaud QPSK Data Using Dual Correlated Pumps (2015)

The impact of nonlinear phase noise on all-optical wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing and dual-correlated pumps is studied. It is shown that there are optical signal-to-noise ratio requirements on the dual-correlated pumps for penalty-free all-optical wavelength conversion. We also show that the nonlinear phase noise generated in the nonlinear medium is transferred to the idler because of the uncorrelated nature of the amplitude noise on the pump signals.
Phosphorylation of specific rat plasma membrane proteins during promotion of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatic foci and inhibition by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. (1985)

The protein kinase activity of isolated plasma membranes from the livers of rats treated with three promoting regimens was examined using both exogenous proteins and endogenous plasma membrane proteins as substrates. Male rats first received either an initiating dose (30 mg/kg) of the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine or the 0.9% NaCl solution vehicle by i.p. injection at 18 h following partial hepatectomy. Ten days later, the three promoting regimens were begun. These consisted of 10 weeks of treatment with either (a) a choline-deficient (CD) diet, (b) a choline-supplemented (CS) diet containing 0.06% phenobarbital (PHB) (CS plus PHB), or (c) a CD diet containing 0.06% PHB (CD plus PHB). In addition, two other groups of rats received either (a) a CS diet containing 2% di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CS plus DEHP) or (b) a CD diet containing 2% DEHP (CD plus DEHP). DEHP is a widely used plasticizer and environmental contaminant which we have shown previously inhibits the development of putative preneoplastic gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) positive foci in rat liver. Total liver plasma membrane protein kinase activity using both protamine sulfate and histone was cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate independent and did not appear to be a marker of promotion. Its activity was increased by both DEHP which suppresses the development of GGT positive foci and a CD diet which promotes the appearance of GGT positive foci. The CD, CS plus PHB, and CD plus PHB dietary regimens, which promote the appearance of GGT positive foci, induced the phosphorylation of a Mr 40,000 plasma membrane protein in vitro by endogenous protein kinases. Plasma membranes from DEHP-treated rats did not demonstrate phosphorylation of this Mr 40,000 protein. DEHP dietary treatment also blocked the ability of epidermal growth factor to enhance the phosphorylation of its Mr 175,000 receptor protein in isolated liver plasma membranes. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of a Mr 40,000 plasma membrane protein may be important to the early promotional phase of liver carcinogenesis, and that one mechanism by which DEHP inhibits the emergence of GGT positive foci may be by blocking the response of initiated cells to stimulation by epidermal growth factor.
Functional characterization of ClC-1 mutations from patients affected by recessive myotonia congenita presenting with different clinical phenotypes (2013)

Myotonia congenita (MC) is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the muscle ClC-1 chloride channel. Clinical manifestations include the variable association of myotonia and transitory weakness. We recently described a cohort of recessive MC patients showing, at a low rate repetitive nerves stimulation protocol, different values of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) transitory depression, which is considered the neurophysiologic counterpart of transitory weakness. From among this cohort, we studied the chloride currents generated by G190S (associated with pronounced transitory depression), F167L (little or no transitory depression), and A531V (variable transitory depression) hClC-1 mutants in transfected HEK293 cells using patch-clamp. While F167L had no effect on chloride currents, G190S dramatically shifts the voltage dependence of channel activation and A531V reduces channel expression. Such variability in molecular mechanisms observed in the hClC-1 mutants may help to explain the different clinical and neurophysiologic manifestations of each ClCN1 mutation. In addition we examined five different mutations found in compound heterozygosis with F167L, including the novel P558S, and we identified additional molecular defects. Finally, the G190S mutation appeared to impair acetazolamide effects on chloride currents in vitro.
Modeling the TetraSpar Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation as a Flexible Structure in OrcaFlex and OpenFAST (2021)

Floating offshore wind turbine technology has seen an increasing and continuous development in recent years. When designing the floating platforms, both experimental and numerical tools are applied, with the latter often using time-domain solvers based on hydro-load estimation from a Morison approach or a boundary element method. Commercial software packages such as OrcaFlex, or open-source software such as OpenFAST, are often used where the floater is modeled as a rigid six degree-of-freedom body with loads applied at the center of gravity. However, for final structural design, it is necessary to have information on the distribution of loads over the entire body and to know local internal loads in each component. This paper uses the TetraSpar floating offshore wind turbine design as a case study to examine new modeling approaches in OrcaFlex and OpenFAST that provide this information. The study proves the possibility of applying the approach and the extraction of internal loads, while also presenting an initial code-to-code verification between OrcaFlex and OpenFAST. As can be expected, comparing the flexible model to a rigid-body model proves how motion and loads are affected by the flexibility of the structure. OrcaFlex and OpenFAST generally agree, but there are some differences in results due to different modeling approaches. Since no experimental data are available in the study, this paper only forms a baseline for future studies but still proves and describes the possibilities of the approach and codes.
National Rehabilitation Hospital Limb Classification for Exercise, Research, and Clinical Trials in Post‐Polio Patients (1995)

A need exists for an objective classification of polio patients for clinical and research purposes that takes into account the focal, asymmetric, and frequent subclinical nature of polio lesions. In order to prescribe a safe, effective exercise program, we developed a five-level (Classes I-V) limb-specific classification system based on remote and recent history, physical examination, and a four-extremity electrodiagnostic study (EMG/NCS). Class I limbs have no history of remote or recent weakness, normal strength, and a normal EMG. Class II limbs have no history of remote or recent weakness (or if remote history of weakness, full recovery occurred), normal strength and EMG evidence of prior anterior horn cell disease (AHCD). Class III limbs have a history of remote weakness with variable recovery, no new weakness, decreased strength, and EMG evidence of prior AHCD. Class IV limbs have a history of remote weakness with variable recovery, new clinical weakness, decreased strength, and EMG evidence of AHCD. Class V limbs have a history of severe weakness with little-to-no recovery, severely decreased strength and atrophy, and few-to-no motor units on EMG. In a prospective study of 400 limbs in 100 consecutive post-polio patients attending our clinic, 94 (23%) limbs were Class I, 88 (22%) were Class II, 95 (24%) were Class III, 75 (19%) were Class IV, and 48 (12%) were Class V. Guidelines for the use of this classification in a clinical/research setting are presented along with sample case histories and class-specific exercise recommendations.
Convergence Study of FEM Systems with PML Implementation (1997)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21497/2/rl2474.0001.001.pdf
Gene expression profiling in juvenile and mature cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis reveals the importance of microtubule remodeling during adventitious root formation (2014)

The data suggest that juvenile-specific MT remodeling is involved in AR formation in E. grandis.