gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5921: Machine learning based detection of pancreatic tumors using the Dxcover® cancer platform (2022)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the 7th most deadly cancer worldwide with over 460,000 victims per year. In the current diagnostic pathway, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 serum test is the first method used for detection of pancreatic cancer; although, with poor positive predictive values reported, it cannot provide certain information about the presence of a pancreatic tumor or other surrounding tumors in symptomatic patients. Attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) has demonstrated exceptional potential in human blood serum analysis for cancer diagnostics and its implementation in the clinical environment could represent a significant step forward in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. This proof-of-concept study was focused on the discrimination between both cancer versus healthy control samples, and cancer versus symptomatic control samples from patients with comorbidities and/or confounding diseases. The study aimed to investigate the use of the Dxcover® cancer platform as a novel approach for pancreatic cancer detection. Various machine learning algorithms were applied to discriminate between cancer (n=100) and healthy control samples (n=100), achieving results amounting to a sensitivity of 91.0 ± 5.6%, specificity of 87.6 ± 5.8%, and accuracy of 89.3 ± 3.8% with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Moreover, an area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.9536 was obtained through receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The same algorithms were also applied to discriminate between cancer (n=35) and symptomatic control samples (n=35) achieving a balanced sensitivity and specificity over 75% with an AUC of 0.8436. Both discriminations underwent bootstrapping validation and were proven statistically significant. Herein, we present these results and demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis of serum is a cost-effective, minimally invasive, highly sensitive and specific test for detection of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Alexandra Sala, James M. Cameron, Cerys A. Jenkins, Hugh Barr, Loren Christie, Justin J. Conn, Thomas (Jeff) R. Evans, Dean A. Harris, David S. Palmer, Christopher Rinaldi, Ashton G. Theakstone, Matthew J. Baker. Machine learning based detection of pancreatic tumors using the Dxcover® cancer platform [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5921.
Process management and control software for distributed telecommunications switching systems (2003)

Process management and control software which enables transparent access to processes distributed among processing modules in switching systems is presented. The processes that constitute application software can communicate with processes in other modules without explicitly specifying where those modules are. Transparency is realized by unified interfaces to access processes and by a process control mechanism based on process name propagation. A prototype of the distributed operating system expected to be applied to NTT's next-generation switching systems is described. This model unifies software for different system configurations and reduces the amount of reprogramming required by software reconfiguration. Some application examples are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A dual-wavelength electrochromic film based on a Pt(ii) complex for optical modulation at telecommunication wavelengths and dark solid-state display devices (2021)

The film prepared by oxidative electropolymerization of a cyclometalated Pt(<sc>ii</sc>) phenylacetylide shows the independent optical modulation at 1520 nm under +1.0 V, and the long-term electrochromic behaviour at 773 nm between −0.5 and +1.6 V.
Using nonlinear methods when determinism is weak (2003)

In the preceding two chapters we established algorithms to estimate the Lyapunov exponent and the correlation dimension from a time series. We tried to be very strict about the conditions which must be met in order to justify such estimates. The data quality and quantity had to be sufficient to observe clear scaling regions. The implied requirement that the data must be deterministic to a good approximation is also valid for successful nonlinear predictions (Chapter 4). If this were the whole story, the scope of these methods would be quite limited. In the main, well-controlled laboratory data from experiments which have been designed to show deterministic chaos would qualify. Although these include some very interesting signals, many other data sets for which classical, linear time series methods seem inappropriate do not fall into this class.
Abstract 4030: Infarct Volume Thresholds for Prediction of Independent Functional Outcomes after Acute Ischemic Stroke (2012)

Background and Purpose: The main premise of reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to prevent the conversion of the salvable penumbra into irreversible infarct core thereby reducing the final stoke size. Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between final infarct volumes and functional outcomes. We sought to establish the optimal final infarct thresholds that best correlate with independent functional outcomes. Methods: Multicenter retrospective analysis across five large academic centers. Consecutive patients meeting the following criteria were included: (1) anterior circulation stroke; (2) available final stroke imaging volumetric analysis; (3) available modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 90 days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to help defining the optimal final stroke volume points that discriminate a 90-day mRS ≤2. Results: A total of 484 consecutive patients were identified. The mean age was 65.6±14.6 years. The mean baseline NIHSS was 14.2±7.1. The mean final stroke volume was 77.7±88.5cc (median, 40.5cc). A total of 201 out of the 484 (41.5%) of the patients achieved functional independence at 90 days. The ROC analysis demonstrated that final infarct volume (FIV) was a strong discriminator of independent outcomes with an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.778. The best cut-off point for discriminating 90-day mRS ≤2 was 35cc of FIV (70% specificity; 70% sensitivity). The AUC could be improved by excluding older patients. In patient &lt;65 years, the AUC was 0.844 with an optimal discriminating point at 53cc (75% specificity; 75% sensitivity). The exclusion of patients &gt;80 years yielded an AUC of 0.797 with an optimal FIV discriminating point at 40cc (72% specificity; 72% sensitivity). In this population, FIV of 29cc had 80% specificity and 62% sensitivity whereas FIV of 15cc had 90% specificity but only 40% sensitivity for an independent functional outcome. Conclusions: Final infarct volume is a strong surrogate for good outcomes after AIS. Our data suggest that the exclusion of patients with infarct volumes &gt;35-40cc on baseline imaging may enhance the chances of a positive confirmatory clinical trial of reperfusion in AIS. Figure: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of Final Stroke Volume (cc) and Independent Functional Outcome (mRS ≤2) at 90 days.
Golgins: coiled-coil-rich proteins associated with the Golgi Complex (1998)

Autoantibodies directed against self-antigens are characteristic features of a number of human diseases. In systemic rheumatic diseases, these include antibodies that react with extracellular molecules; the cell membrane; nuclear and cytoplasmic components. Our laboratories have been interested in understanding autoimmune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus and related disease states and using human autoantibody as molecular probes in studying the cell biology of target antigens. This review summarizes our research efforts in dissecting the autoimmune response to the Golgi complex via expression cloning using human autoantibodies. We have cloned 4 of 5 known Golgi autoantigens that are referred to as golgin-95/GM130, golgin-97, golgin-160/GCP170, and golgin-245, respectively based on their molecular weights. The fifth is giantin, also known as macrogolgin or GCP372. Interestingly, the amino acid sequences deduced for all Golgi autoantigens indicate that they are proteins with predominantly coiled-coil domains and non-alpha helical domains at the N- and C-termini. The current postulate is that these coiled-coil rich proteins like golgin-95/GM130 form intermolecular complexes with a docking protein p115 that has been shown to be important for Golgi vesicular traffic. An alternative nonexclusive hypothesis is that these coiled-coil rich proteins are the components of the strings that are important in linking and guiding vesicles in intercisternae traffic. How this family of coiled-coil proteins and their complexes become autoimmune targets remains to be determined.
Regression Testing Web Services-based Applications (2006)

Web applications can be composed of heterogeneous selfcontained web services. Such applications are usually modified to fix errors or to enhance their functionality. After modifications, regression testing is essential to ensure that modifications do not lead to adverse effects. In this paper, we present a safe regression testing algorithm that selects an adequate number of non-redundant test sequences aiming to find modification-related errors. In our technique, a web application and the behavior of its composed components are specified by a two-level abstract model represented as a Timed Labeled Transition System. Our algorithm selects every test sequence that corresponds to a different behavior in the modified system. We discuss three situations for applying this algorithm: (1) connecting to a newly established web service that fulfills a composed web service, (2) adding or removing an operation in any of the composed web services, (3) modifying the specification of the web application. Moreover, modifications handled by the algorithm are classified into three classes: (a) adding an operation, (b) deleting an operation, (c) fixing a condition or an action. Key-words : label transition systems, testing, verification, web service, web application.
Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probes for Metal Ions (2010)

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) has become an indispensible tool in biology and medicine owing to the capability of imaging the intact tissue for a long period of time. To make it a versatile tool in biology, a variety of two-photon probes for specific applications are needed. In this context, many research groups are developing two-photon probes for various applications. In this Focus Review, we summarize recent results on model studies and selected examples of two-photon probes that can detect intracellular free metal ions in live cells and tissues to provide a guideline for the design of useful two-photon probes for various in vivo imaging applications.
Iatrogenic Instrumentation-Induced Plastic Surgical Referrals (1988)

Iatrogenic instrument-induced injuries are presented. Most mistakes or accidents are preventable. Some are trivial and do not come to the patient's attention, while others can cause injury resulting in pain, disfigurement, prolonged hospitalization, and possibly even death. The major strides made in the field of surgery to today's level of sophistication are to a large extent the result of vast technological advancements that have been made. It behooves the user of this surgical equipment to follow the simplest precautionary rules of operation and to be completely au fait with the workings of the equipment. In this way, many injuries can be prevented. In many cases, the surgeon must bear the ultimate responsibility for injury.
Coherent analog FM-SCM video transmission using direct frequency modulation of semiconductor lasers (1992)

The advantages of analog subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) FM video transmission using frequency modulation of the optical carrier over other analog laser modulation schemes include the reduced impact of laser relative intensity noise and the phase noise suppression achievable in a receiver employing FM demodulation of both the subcarrier and optical carrier. Way et al.1 detected these FM-FM signals using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and an optical frequency discriminator followed by a direct-detection receiver. We examine the performance of a coherent receiver for the same use.
Endotoxin Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via NADPH Oxidase Activation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways (2006)

These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase activation, mRNA stabilization, and MAPK signaling pathways play critical roles in LPS-enhanced TLR4 expression in HASMCs, which contributes to vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disorders.
Constructions for unambiguous node failure localization in grid topologies (2015)

Precise, fast and scalable fault localization is a highly desired feature in all optical mesh networks. The monitoring trail (m-trail) framework has been long in use for centralized failure localization, its capabilities were recently utilized to accommodate the distributed scenario as well. Most of the prior art focused solely on link failures; in this study we step further and analyze node failures only. Node failures are fundamentally different from link failures, and thus a new theoretical framework is developed. In particular, we are interested in the scalability of localizing node failures. From an information theoretic view, with b m-trails at most 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sup> -1 single failures can be identified. This intuitively leads to a very attractive property that the number of monitors might be logarithmic to the size of the network. Does this logarithmic behaviour holds for real life topologies too? As a step towards the answer, we show tight constructions for both centralized and distributed node failure localization.
Temperature- and magnetic-field-controlled magnetic pole reversal in a molecular magnetic compound (2009)

A highly reversible (bipolar) switching of magnetization in a Prussian blue type molecular magnet Cu0.73Mn0.77[Fe(CN)6]⋅zH2O using low magnetic fields is demonstrated. The studied molecular compound also shows both positive and negative magnetocaloric effects below its magnetic ordering temperature. A molecular field theory calculation has also been done to explain the observed temperature dependent magnetization reversal behavior. Possible applications of the magnetic pole reversal phenomenon in magnetoelectronic and magnetocaloric devices such as magnetic memory and magnetic cooling/heating based constant temperature bath have been revealed.
Adolescents’ overweight and obesity among Alabnaa schools in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (2017)

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for illness and death. It is associated with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis. With the increase in life expectancy, obesity is causing more years of disability. Hence, the increased cost of obesity and its sequelae will put a strain on the resources of governments and individuals. Saudi Arabia is one of the fastest growing economies of the world. Consequently, obesity is increasing in the Kingdom at an alarming rate. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of adolescents overweight and obesity and to study some contributing factors regarding obesity among Alabnaa schools students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of Alabnaa school, Tabuk, KSA in 2015–2016. Self-administered questionnaire was constructed by the investigators in Arabic language, it included gender, age, some relevant factors regarding obesity. Weight, height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Childhood growth chart was used to classify the degree of overweight and obesity. Data was managed using SPSS version 21. Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among students were 11.4% and 14.9% respectively. Prevalence of obesity among male students was 12.5% compared to 16.9% among female students (statistically significant). Students whose mothers were highly educated, with family history of (obesity and diabetes), intaking soft drinks were more obese than their counterparts. Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity are high among adolescents in Tabuk region particularly among those with family history of obesity, diabetes and those intake soft drink frequently. Screening for obesity at school entry and providing health education sessions for students about diet and exercise are highly recommended.
Estimation of False Discovery Rates in Multiple Testing: Application to Gene Microarray Data (2003)

Testing for significance with gene expression data from DNA microarray experiments involves simultaneous comparisons of hundreds or thousands of genes. If R denotes the number of rejections (declared significant genes) and V denotes the number of false rejections, then V/R, if R > 0, is the proportion of false rejected hypotheses. This paper proposes a model for the distribution of the number of rejections and the conditional distribution of V given R, V / R. Under the independence assumption, the distribution of R is a convolution of two binomials and the distribution of V / R has a noncentral hypergeometric distribution. Under an equicorrelated model, the distributions are more complex and are also derived. Five false discovery rate probability error measures are considered: FDR = E(V/R), pFDR = E(V/R / R > 0) (positive FDR), cFDR = E(V/R / R = r) (conditional FDR), mFDR = E(V)/E(R) (marginal FDR), and eFDR = E(V)/r (empirical FDR). The pFDR, cFDR, and mFDR are shown to be equivalent under the Bayesian framework, in which the number of true null hypotheses is modeled as a random variable. We present a parametric and a bootstrap procedure to estimate the FDRs. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of these two methods. The bootstrap procedure appears to perform reasonably well, even when the alternative hypotheses are correlated (rho = .25). An example from a toxicogenomic microarray experiment is presented for illustration.
New grid impedance estimation technique for grid-connected power converters (2014)

Grid impedance estimation is crucial for operating and controlling of grid-connectedconverters, especially with the high penetration of renewable energy sources into microgridand smart grid. One of the technical challenges is how to fast and accurately estimate the gridimpedance, even under the distorted and unbalanced conditions. Many impedance estimationmethods have been presented in the past decades. Most of them intentionally inject one or moredisturbance signals, low frequency or high frequency, to excite the grid response. And thenthe grid impedance can be estimated by the voltage/current information of two steady-stateoperating points before and after the disturbance. However, these injected disturbances willdeteriorate the power quality due to harmonics caused by the injected disturbances. In order tomitigate the problem, a new impedance estimation method is presented in this paper. Its basicidea lies in the inherent switching feature of the grid-connected power converter. The uniquefeature is that the proposed new grid impedance can be easily estimated, even under distortedand unbalanced grid voltage conditions with no need of the intentionally injected disturbancesignals any more. First of all, the system equivalent impedance circuit is analyzed to clarify theproposed method, along with a theoretical comparison with the conventional one. Aside fromthat, an interesting estimation of voltage and current switching components are presented fordetermining the grid impedance with two well-defined equations. And then, the performancetests are carried out and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, atypical application of the proposed method is presented and discussed.
Tutor-Guided Interior Navigation With Deep Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Traditional reinforcement learning makes policy based on the current system state. However, insufficient system information and few rewards lead to its limited applicability, especially in a partially observed environment with sparse rewards. In this work, we propose a tutor–student network (TSN) for improving an agent’s performance with additional auxiliary information. In the tutor–student framework, a tutor module generates auxiliary information, while a student module refers to the tutor’s suggestion during training. The key of our proposed approach is that tutor provides prior knowledge that does not correspond to a specified environment to help the student module accelerate the learning procedure. We build 12 indoor mazes in ViZDoom, including empty mazes and mazes with obstacles, evaluate the performance of TSN compared with advantage actor–critic (A2C) and show that the proposed network learned navigation faster and obtained higher accumulated rewards. More importantly, our approach could generalize well to new and unseen domains.
Optical control of cell signaling by single-chain photoswitchable kinases (2017)

Protein kinases transduce signals to regulate a wide array of cellular functions in eukaryotes. A generalizable method for optical control of kinases would enable fine spatiotemporal interrogation or manipulation of these various functions. We report the design and application of single-chain cofactor-free kinases with photoswitchable activity. We engineered a dimeric protein, pdDronpa, that dissociates in cyan light and reassociates in violet light. Attaching two pdDronpa domains at rationally selected locations in the kinase domain, we created the photoswitchable kinases psRaf1, psMEK1, psMEK2, and psCDK5. Using these photoswitchable kinases, we established an all-optical cell-based assay for screening inhibitors, uncovered a direct and rapid inhibitory feedback loop from ERK to MEK1, and mediated developmental changes and synaptic vesicle transport in vivo using light.
Synthetized holography with resolution 500.000 DPI, holographic dust, computer read holograms, and nanogravure (2008)

Our paper deals with the survey of currently exploited electron-beam technologies to produce several protective optical elements. The computer-synthesized security elements are recorded with a resolution reaching 500.000 dpi and are specially developed for the security of the most important state valuables and documents. We shall mention some principal features, where the ultra-precise recording of diffractive elements is exploited.