gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of factors in human urine that inhibit the binding of Escherichia coli adhesins (1988)

Earlier studies on the binding of Escherichia coli adhesins to the human urinary tract have indicated that the ability to recognize binding sites on the urinary tract epithelial cells is not a characteristic for P fimbriae only, but is also shared by some other adhesins that are not associated with pyelonephritis, especially S fimbriae. In the present study we have investigated whether human urine contains inhibitors of the binding of E. coli adhesins. Normal human urine was found to inhibit hemagglutination by S and type 1 fimbriae but not P fimbriae. The major inhibitor of S fimbriae in normal urine was identified as Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, and the interaction with S fimbriae is probably mediated by its sialyloligosaccharide chains. No significant variation was observed in the inhibitory effect of T-H glycoprotein preparations originating from different individuals. In contrast to S fimbriae, the major inhibitors of type 1 fimbriae in urine were identified as low-molecular-weight compounds. Gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography and alpha-mannosidase treatment indicated that they were neutral alpha-mannosides, probably manno-oligosaccharides with three to five saccharides. Studies of urine samples collected from several individuals indicated the common occurrence of these inhibitory alpha-mannosides. Type 1 fimbriae bound to immobilized T-H glycoprotein, but, unlike S fimbriae, their binding was poorly inhibited by soluble T-H glycoprotein. Some urine samples were also found to contain low-molecular-weight inhibitors for the O75X adhesin of E. coli. These results emphasize that to function as a virulence factor in human urinary tract infections, an adhesin must evidently recognize such receptor structures at the infection sites that are not excreted in soluble form in urine. This prerequisite is filled by P fimbriae but not by type 1 or S fimbriae.
Von Karman Swirling Flows (1987)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
A novel method of channel characterization and equalization in spread spectrum based WLAN (2003)

Since a physical channel is causal, intersymbol interference (ISI) arises from past symbols when the channel has a delay spread. Characterization of a multipath channel as a causal channel depends on the detection of the time of arrival of the earliest path. In spread spectrum based modulation, a correlation based approach is used to identify the arrival times of different paths. If the earliest path is weak, the starting instant of the channel impulse response may be taken later than the actual one, corresponding to the time of arrival of the strongest path, thereby resulting in some residual precursor ISI. In the context of direct sequence spread spectrum wireless communication (IEEE 802.11b WLAN standard, for example), a novel method for characterizing the multipath channel is developed which, combined with a decision feedback equalizer, results in a significant cancellation of precursor ISI, thereby improving the bit error rate performance.
Nonlinearity estimation in power amplifiers based on subsampled temporal data (2001)

In this paper we apply subsampling techniques to capture the temporal input-output relationship of RF power amplifiers. This approach avoids the distortion introduced by the upconverter and downconverter stages. We develop polynomial models with memory from the available data and evaluate their performance by estimating device parameters such as adjacent channel power ratio and AM-AM curves. The estimated parameters show good agreement with the empirical ones.
Managing Electric Vehicles (2018)

<fig orientation="portrait" position="float" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <graphic orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="henke-2874224.tif"/> </fig> The highlight of this issue is the Special Issue on Energy and Power Management for Electric Vehicles. Though electric vehicles are a reality, particularly the power management of electric vehicles bears a large potential for improvement. For the foreseeable future, there will be no revolutions in battery energy and power densities. It is therefore important to smartly and efficiently use the available energy.
Design of novel normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with combined gate recess and floating charge structures (2013)

Normally-off operation is strongly desired for safety and efficient power switching in order to make the HEMT devices compatible with the currently used Si based IGBT and MOSFET devices. Combination of partially gate recess etching and gate insulator interface or floating gate charges in MIS structures is proposed and demonstrated for the first time to realize the normally-off mode. Partially gate trench can effectively reduce 2DEG density and shift threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) to positive without severely degrading in 2DEG channel conductance, while gate insulator interface or floating gate charges can further increase V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> at a relatively low charge density and thus maintain normally-off mode at a much longer time. Sentaurus TCAD is used to systematically simulate and predict the characteristics of the proposed structures. A positive V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> of larger than 3 V is demonstrated by employment of gate recess with 5~10 nm barrier leftover in combination of gate dielectric charging with a low sheet density of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The proposed structures are very promising in future power switching applications due to the large positive V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> and the low gate leakage current density by adjusting the gate insulator thickness.
On the far-field approximation for scattering from randomly rough surfaces (1986)

Various authors have justified the far-fields approximation for rough surface scattering using one of the classical approximations for the scattered fields, usually considering either the coherent scattered field or the incoherent scattered intensity. An exact expression for the field scattered from a perfectly conducting rough surface is considered. The expression for the incoherent scattered intensity is formally derived, and a condition under which the far-field approximation is valid is found, independent of specific approximations for the surface or scattered fields or for the surface height statistics. The condition so derived is, under many circumstances, substantially less restrictive than that derived before in the general case. Furthermore, the previous results may be easily recovered by further specialization of our result.
A Study of Hydrogen Evolution at Irradiated p‐InP Electrodes in Nitric Acid Solutions (1999)

Recent investigations of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of p‐InP in nitric acid showed an unusual property where hydrogen is not evolved with the formation of metallic indium. In order to find the cause of this lack of hydrogen evolution at the irradiated p‐InP electrode, the inhibition of the reduction of nitric acid was studied. Sulfamic acid has been shown to completely inhibit the reduction of nitric acid. With sulfamic acid, hydrogen is evolved at the irradiated p‐InP electrode in nitric acid. The lack of hydrogen evolution in the PEC etching is attributed to the reaction of the nascent hydrogen atoms, formed on the p‐InP electrode, with an active species involved in the reduction of nitric acid. In the presence of sulfamic acid, the hydrogen atoms combine to evolve hydrogen. Experiments showed that the reduction of nitric acid has no effect on the PEC etching of the p‐InP in nitric acid. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Some identities on r-central factorial numbers and r-central Bell polynomials (2019)

In this paper, we introduce the extended r-central factorial numbers of the second and first kinds and the extended r-central Bell polynomials, as extended versions and central analogues of some previously introduced numbers and polynomials. Then we study various properties and identities related to these numbers and polynomials and also their connections.
TRAV1-2+ CD8+ T-cells including oligoconal expansions of MAIT cells are enriched in the airways in human tuberculosis (2019)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells typically express a TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> semi-invariant TCRα that enables recognition of bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal riboflavin metabolites presented by MR1. MAIT cells are associated with immune control of bacterial and mycobacterial infections in murine models. Here, we report that a population of pro-inflammatory TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are present in the airways and lungs of healthy individuals and are enriched in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). High-throughput T cell receptor analysis reveals oligoclonal expansions of canonical and donor-unique TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> MAIT-consistent TCRα sequences within this population. Some of these cells demonstrate MR1-restricted mycobacterial reactivity and phenotypes suggestive of MAIT cell identity. These findings demonstrate enrichment of TRAV1-2<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with MAIT or MAIT-like features in the airways during active TB and suggest a role for these cells in the human pulmonary immune response to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.
Easy Identification of Mechanical Axis during Total Knee Arthroplasty (2013)

This study showed that IIMA could be of considerable value as a new guider of alignment that is easily accessible and highly effective during total knee arthroplasty.
High Capacity/Spectral Efficiency 101.7-Tb/s WDM Transmission Using PDM-128QAM-OFDM Over 165-km SSMF Within C- and L-Bands (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate 101.7-Tb/s transmission over 355 km spans of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) at a net spectral efficiency of 11 b/s/Hz. A total of 370 dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) channels spanning the optical C- and L-bands spaced at 25 GHz were used. Each 25-GHz channel were subdivided into four subbands, with each subband carrying a 73.5-Gb/s orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) signal modulated with polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) 128-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) at each modulated subcarrier. This experiment was enabled by digital signal processing (DSP) pre-equalization of transmitter impairments, all Raman amplification, heterodyne coherent detection, and DSP postequalization of the channel and receiver impairments, including pilot-based phase noise compensation.
A Biomechanical and Radiographic Analysis of Standard and Intracortical Suture Anchors for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2006)

Fluoroscopic imaging showed both rotation and displacement of the anchor within the humeral head which may contribute to early gap formation after rotator cuff repairs.
Geometry-Dependent Phosphodiester Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Binuclear Copper Complexes (2003)

Two isomeric binuclear ligands PBTPA and MBTPA and their copper(II) complexes were prepared and examined for hydrolysis of a model phosphodiester substrate: bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate. A bell-shaped pH vs rate profile, which is in agreement with one mechanism proposed for bimetallonucleases/phosphatases, was observed for the binuclear complex of copper(II) and PBTPA. At pH 8.4, a maximum rate of 1.14 x 10(-6) s(-1)--more than 10(4)-fold over uncatalyzed reactions--was achieved. However, the analogous complex of MBTPA did not show significant rate enhancement. The binuclear complex of copper(II) and PBTPA also showed 10-fold acceleration over mononuclear complex of copper(II) and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) catalyzed reaction. A phage phiX174 DNA assay showed that the complex of copper(II) and PBTPA promoted supercoiled phage phiX174 DNA relaxation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in contrast to the hydrolytic inactivity of the mononuclear complex of copper(II) and TPA.
Learning Neural Networks with Adaptive Regularization (2019)

Feed-forward neural networks can be understood as a combination of an intermediate representation and a linear hypothesis. While most previous works aim to diversify the representations, we explore the complementary direction by performing an adaptive and data-dependent regularization motivated by the empirical Bayes method. Specifically, we propose to construct a matrix-variate normal prior (on weights) whose covariance matrix has a Kronecker product structure. This structure is designed to capture the correlations in neurons through backpropagation. Under the assumption of this Kronecker factorization, the prior encourages neurons to borrow statistical strength from one another. Hence, it leads to an adaptive and data-dependent regularization when training networks on small datasets. To optimize the model, we present an efficient block coordinate descent algorithm with analytical solutions. Empirically, we demonstrate that the proposed method helps networks converge to local optima with smaller stable ranks and spectral norms. These properties suggest better generalizations and we present empirical results to support this expectation. We also verify the effectiveness of the approach on multiclass classification and multitask regression problems with various network structures. Our code is publicly available at:~\url{https://github.com/yaohungt/Adaptive-Regularization-Neural-Network}.
URINE ANTIGEN DETECTION OF BLASTOMYCOSIS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS (2006)

Blastomycosis is an uncommonly recognized disease in pediatric patients. We describe 4 cases of pediatric blastomycosis that presented to our children's hospital, 2 with isolated pulmonary blastomycosis and 2 with disseminated blastomycosis. Because of variable clinical presentations and morbidity if treatment is delayed, physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion and obtain appropriate diagnostic tests promptly. For the first time, we report the effect of therapy on Blastomyces antigen clearance. In our experience, the urine antigen detection for B. dermatitidis is useful for diagnosis and follow up during therapy.
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (2009)

Conventional imaging relies predominantly on the use of magnitude images for information, whether it is T1- or T2-weighted imaging, or diffusion tensor imaging, for example. Apart from applications to flow imaging, phase information of the MR signal is usually discarded. The phase, however, contains useful information about local susceptibility differences between tissues.[1] Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a means to enhance contrast in MRI based on tissue susceptibility differences, and it can use both phase and magnitude information of the MR signal.[2] In the past, phase images were difficult to interpret because they contained many artifacts from instrumental imperfections, background field inhomogeneities such as those resulting from air–tissue interfaces, and the main magnetic field itself. If these phase errors are corrected for, however, it is possible to combine the phase and the magnitude information in a way to create what is referred to as a susceptibility-weighted magnitude image. This triplet of images is becoming inceasingly used in clinical neuroimaging protocols.
PHYSIOTHERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (1997)

The continuously growing segment of the geriatric population with the high incidence and prevalence of comorbidity and disability suggests that enhanced preventive and rehabilitative programs will be mandatory. The early arrangement of comprehensive assessment and rehabilitation services is extremely important not only in preventing the decline of patients in the acute care settings and successive prolonged care before discharge, but also in improving functional status at discharge. We have considered the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program in acute medical care of the elderly. This article discusses a pilot project being carried out at Catholic University Hospital "A. Gemelli" of Rome.
Performance Improvements of Multi-Channel Interleaving Voltage Regulator Modules with Integrated Coupling Inductors (2001)

The emergence of the Intel Pentium TM processor necessitates that a dedicated converter, the voltage regulator module (VRM), be physically located very close to the processor in computer power systems. The efficiency and transient response specifications of the VRM place contradictory requirements on the inductance. This dissertation discusses possible VRM inductor designs to improve efficiency without compromising transient responses. The multi-channel interleaving buck converter is the most popular topology for present VRMs. Analysis in this work shows that the small-signal model of an n-channel interleaving buck can be simplified as a single buck converter. The equivalent inductance is 1/n of the inductance in the interleaving channel. The equivalent switching frequency is n times the switching frequency in each channel. Through the transient response analysis, the critical inductance of the VRM is identified. The critical inductance is a tradeoff point between transient response and efficiency. The inductances smaller than the critical inductance have equal transient responses. For the inductances larger than the critical inductance, the VRM transient voltage spikes increase with the inductance. The critical inductance is the largest inductance that gives the fastest transient responses. The critical inductance is a function of the control bandwidth and the load transient steps. Although multi-channel interleaving reduces the current ripple stress on the output capacitors, it cannot reduce the current ripples in each channel. The large current ripples reduce the efficiency of the VRM. With the proposed concept of integrated coupling inductors between channels, the converters have larger equivalent inductances in steady-state operation and smaller equivalent inductances in transient response. The steady-state current ripples can be reduced without compromising the transient response. The overall efficiency of the converter is improved. In order to evaluate the application of the coupling inductor concept in multi-channels, an appropriate magnetic model is required. This dissertation proposes a flux reluctance model for the core and winding structures. With this reluctance model and mathematical transformations, the coupled inductors can be decoupled in the electric circuit simulation model. This reduces the complexity of the model when a large number of inductors are coupled. The model can be easily scaled to model the structures that involve more inductors. Examples are presented to show the application of this proposed model.
Molecules on Insulating Films: Scanning-Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Individual Molecular Orbitals (2005)

Ultrathin insulating NaCl films have been employed to decouple individual pentacene molecules electronically from the metallic substrate. This allows the inherent electronic structure of the free molecule to be preserved and studied by means of low-temperature scanning-tunneling microscopy. Thereby direct images of the unperturbed molecular orbitals of the individual pentacene molecules are obtained. Elastic scattering quantum chemistry calculations substantiate the experimental findings.
24‐4: Flexible AMOLED based on Oxide TFT with High Mobility (2017)

We report a high performance foldable and rollable AMOLED display with 300 ppi (real RGB) driven by oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) based on a polyimide (PI) substrate. No new defects appear on the display after 100,000 times bending with radius of curvature at 3 mm. In the oxide TFT, the Lanthanide rare earth doped In‐Zn‐O (LnIZO) is employed as the key active layer to improve the mobility and stability. The fabricated Ln‐IZO TFT with BCE process exhibits a high field‐effect mobility of ~40 cm 2 V ‐1 s ‐1 , a subthreshold swing of 0.13 V/decade, and an I on /I off ratio of 10 9 . Meanwhile, laminated Al 2 O 3 /MgO film prepared by the method of atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used as the encapsulation of AMOLED display.
Elastic properties of binay AO 3 - P 2 O 5 and ternary Na 2 O- AO 3 P 2 O 5 (A-Mo or W) glasses (1996)

The elastic properties of several compositions of binary AO 3 -P 2 O 5 and ternary Na 2 O-AO 3 -P 2 O 5 (A-Mo or W) glasses have been studied using ultrasonic measurements. The trends in the variations in the moduli as a function of composition have been examined. The moduli of the binary glasses exhibit opposite trends. In the ternary glasses the variations in the moduli are consistent with the nature of the structural units formed at various compositions. The variations in the Debye and glass transition temperatures and the average dimensionality of the glasses are also examined on the basis of a structural model of the glasses proposed earlier. The longitudinal modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio are found to vary linearly as a function of the covalent bond energy density and also as a function of the product of total cohesive energy density and average dimensionality.
Skycore (2019)

Deploying LTE networks on modern UAVs requires a redesign of the key components of the LTE architecture. In this article, we propose a radical, edge-EPC design, called SkyCore, that pushes one of its central functionalities, namely its evolved packet core (EPC) to the extreme edge of the LTE network - collapses the EPC into a single, lightweight, selfcontained entity that is co-located with each of the UAV base-stations. SkyCore incorporates elements that are designed to address the unique challenges facing such a distributed design in the UAV environment, namely the resource-constrained nature of UAV platforms, and the distributed management of UAV and user mobility. We build and deploy a fully functional SkyCore system on a multi-UAV LTE network and showcase its (i) ability to interoperate with commercial LTE basestations as well as smartphones, (ii) support for both hotspot and standalone multi-UAV deployments, and (iii) robust control and data plane performance compared to other EPC variants in this inherently dynamic, unreliable environment.