gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of adding plinabulin to pegfilgrastim for the prevention of TAC chemotherapy (Chemo) induced neutropenia (CIN), on patient quality of life (QoL). (2021)

e24031 Background: Plinabulin is a novel non-G-CSF small molecule being developed for the prevention of chemotherapy in conjunction with pegfilgrastim and is administered via 30 min IV infusion, 30 min after chemo on Day (D) 1. The QoL was analyzed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General questionnaire (FACT-G) as part of a phase 3 (Ph3) clinical trial comparing pegfilgrastim alone versus pegfilgrastim and plinabulin for the prevention of neutropenia in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients being treated with Docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ), Doxorubicin (50 mg/m 2 ), and Cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m 2 ) (TAC) on D1 for four 21 D cycles and study treatment. Methods: The FACT-G was administered to patients in China and Ukraine using an ePRO app downloaded onto patients' phones as part of the Phase 3 PROTECTIVE-2 trial (NCT0329457) with TAC. Patients completed the FACT-G during each chemo cycle at D-1, D1, D8 and D15. Patients received reminders 1 hour before the required completion time and all entries were time stamped. The FACT-G measured the impact of cancer on four categories: Physical wellbeing, Social wellbeing, Emotional wellbeing and Functional wellbeing. Results: Compared to pegfilgrastim alone, patients on plinabulin + pegfilgrastim performed significantly better for Physical wellbeing on D8 and D15 of Cycle 2 (p &lt; 0.0589 and p &lt; 0.0039 respectively) and Cycle 3 (p &lt; 0.0360 and p &lt; 0.0343 respectively). Further analysis of the sub questions showed that both energy levels “I have a lack of energy” and pain”(I have pain” were significantly better for the plinabulin + pegfilgrastim combination versus pegfilgrastim alone (p &lt; 0.0377 and p &lt; 0.0420 respectively). Overall FACT-G completion compliance for the trial was 91%. Conclusions: The Physical wellbeing (in particular, pain and for energy levels) of patients receiving plinabulin in combination with pegfilgrastim for the prevention of TAC CIN, was significantly less impacted by chemo dosing compared to the pegfilgrastim alone arm. In addition, the results suggest that patients receiving the combination therapy recovered their pre-chemo Physical wellbeing levels more rapidly. Clinical trial information: NCT03531099.
Non-Parametric Rank Statistics for Spectral Power and Coherence (2019)

Abstract Despite advances in multivariate spectral analysis of neural signals, the statistical inference of measures such as spectral power and coherence in practical and real-life scenarios remains a challenge. The non-normal distribution of the neural signals and presence of artefactual components make it difficult to use the parametric methods for robust estimation of measures or to infer the presence of specific spectral components above the chance level. Furthermore, the bias of the coherence measures and their complex statistical distributions are impediments in robust statistical comparisons between 2 different levels of coherence. Non-parametric methods based on the median of auto-/cross-spectra have shown promise for robust estimation of spectral power and coherence estimates. However, the statistical inference based on these non-parametric estimates remain to be formulated and tested. In this report a set of methods based on non-parametric rank statistics for 1-sample and 2-sample testing of spectral power and coherence is provided. The proposed methods were demonstrated and tested using simulated neural signals in different conditions. The results show that non-parametric methods provide robustness against artefactual components. Moreover, they provide new possibilities for robust 1-sample and 2-sample testing of the complex coherency function, including both the magnitude and phase, where existing methods fall short of functionality. The utility of the methods were further demonstrated by examples on experimental neural data. The proposed approach provides a new framework for non-parametric spectral analysis of digital signals. These methods are especially suited to neuroscience and neural engineering applications, given the attractive properties such as minimal assumption on distributions, statistical robustness, and the diverse testing scenarios afforded.
Formation of the Sensitive Impurity 1,3,5-Triamino-2-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene in Pilot Plant TATB Production (2012)

A thermally stable, insensitive, high-explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is manufactured by amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in toluene with NH3 gas. An orange–red, sensitive impurity, 1,3,5-triamino-2-chloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene (TACDNB), was found forming with product TATB in the pilot-plant process. This impurity was isolated and characterized by single-crystal XRD, NMR, FTIR, DSC, and sensitivity test. The chemical reactivity of this impurity with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was also studied. The process anomalies which led to the formation of this impurity with product TATB were investigated. This TACDNB impurity was formed due to amination of 1,3,5,6-tetrachloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (T4) when excess NH3 gas was fed into the reactor.
PAC-Bayesian Model Selection for Reinforcement Learning (2010)

This paper introduces the first set of PAC-Bayesian bounds for the batch reinforcement learning problem in finite state spaces. These bounds hold regardless of the correctness of the prior distribution. We demonstrate how such bounds can be used for model-selection in control problems where prior information is available either on the dynamics of the environment, or on the value of actions. Our empirical results confirm that PAC-Bayesian model-selection is able to leverage prior distributions when they are informative and, unlike standard Bayesian RL approaches, ignores them when they are misleading. 1
Poly(carbonate-ester)s of Dihydroxyacetone and Lactic Acid as Potential Biomaterials (2011)

The synthesis of new polymeric biomaterials using biocompatible building blocks is important for the advancement of the biomedical field. We report the synthesis of statistically random poly(carbonate-ester)s derived from lactic acid and dihydroxyacetone by ring-opening polymerization. The monomer mole feed ratio and initiator concentration were adjusted to create various copolymer ratios and molecular weights. A dimethoxy acetal protecting group was used to stabilize the dihydroxyacetone and was removed using elemental iodine and acetone at reflux to produce the final poly(lactide-co-dihydroxyacetone) copolymers. The characteristics of the copolymers in their protected and deprotected forms were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, GPC, TGA, and DSC. Hydrolytic degradation of the deprotected copolymers was tracked over an 8-week time frame. The results show that faster degradation occurred with increased carbonate content in the copolymer backbone. The degradation pattern of the copolymers was visualized using SEM and revealed a trend toward surface erosion as the primary mode of degradation.
Friction Estimation at Tire-Ground Contact (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The friction estimation at the tire-ground contact is crucial for the active safety of vehicles. Friction estimation is a key problem of vehicle dynamics and the ultimate solution is still unknown. However the proposed approach, based on a simple idea and on a simple hardware, provides an actual solution.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The idea is to compare the tire characteristic at a given friction (nominal characteristic) with the actual characteristic that the tire has while running. The comparison among these two characteristics (the nominal one and the actual one) gives the desired friction coefficient. The friction coefficient is expressed in vector form and a number of running parameters are identified. The mentioned comparison is an efficient but complex algorithm based on a mathematical formulation of the tire characteristic. The actual tire characteristic is somehow measured in real time by a relatively simple smart wheel which is able to detect the three forces and the three moments acting at the hub.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A Gough-plot is derived to map the measured lateral tire force and self-aligning moment to a unique estimate of the lateral friction coefficient. Extending the Gough-plot by the (measured) longitudinal tire force due to longitudinal slip from braking or accelerating, makes the estimation method more robust. A look-up table is computed offline and allows for instantaneous friction estimation. The longitudinal friction coefficient is estimated in a similar way, making explicitly use of the longitudinal slip. Alternatively, measured tire forces and moments can be used for robust longitudinal slip estimation as well.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Both the theoretical and experimental issues are presented in the paper.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Modélisation de l’adsorption de fluides dans des micropores par couplage des théories NLDFT et SAFT-VR (2014)

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Glutathione is a Cofactor for H2O2-Mediated Stimulation of Ca2+-Induced Ca2+ Release in Cardiac Myocytes (1998)

Reactive oxygen species are known to cause attenuation of cardiac muscle contraction. This attenuation is usually preceded by transient augmentation of twitch amplitude as well as cytosolic Ca2+. The present study examines the role of an endogenous antioxidant, glutathione in the mechanism of H2O2-mediated augmentation of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Whole-cell patch-clamped single rat ventricular myocytes were dialyzed with the Cs+-rich internal solution containing 200 microM fura-2 and 2 mM glutathione (reduced form). After equilibration of the myocyte with intracellular dialyzing solution, Ca2+ current-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was monitored. Rapid perfusion with H2O2 (100 microM or 1 mM) for 20 s inhibited Ca2+ current, but enhanced the intracellular Ca2+ transients for 3-4 min. Thus, the efficacy of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism was augmented in 71% of myocytes (n = 7). This enhancement ranged between 1.5- to threefold as the concentrations of H2O2 were raised from 100 microM to 1 mM. If glutathione were excluded from the patch pipette or replaced with glutathione disulfide, the enhancement of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release was seen in only a minority (20%) of the myocytes. H2O2 exposure did not increase the basal intracellular Ca2+ levels, suggesting that the mechanism of H2O2 action was not mediated by inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake or activation of passive Ca2+ leak pathway. H2O2-mediated stimulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release was also observed in myocytes dialyzed with dithiothreitol (0.5 mM). Therefore, reduced thiols support the action of H2O2 to enhance the efficacy of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, suggesting that redox reactions might regulate Ca2+ channel-gated Ca2+ release by the ryanodine receptor.
Angle-dependence and auxin asymmetry: towards the formulation of a universal theory of root gravitropism (2022)

Abstract Gravitropism has been conceptualized through three main theories: the starch-statolith model for sensing, the Cholodny-Went model of growth control via auxin asymmetry, and the law of angle-dependence for behavior, in which the magnitude of gravitropic response increases with displacement from the vertical. While experimental data show that the generation of both Cholodny-Went-type auxin gradients and angle-dependent behavior requires statolith sedimentation, a link between auxin asymmetry and angle-dependence has not been demonstrated. Here, we use large scale reorientation assays of Arabidopsis roots, epidermal length measurements, and confocal microscopy to quantify auxin distribution and PIN localization during graviresponse. We show angle-dependence in auxin asymmetry and growth response, even at low stimulation angles. As such, our work integrates the three theories sensing, signal transduction and behavior into a single unified model of gravitropism and provides an important framework for exploring major outstanding questions in the field.
Human Infection with Ehrlichia Canis Accompanied by Clinical Signs in Venezuela (2006)

A total of 20 human patients with clinical signs compatible with human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), who were admitted to the emergency clinic in Lara State, Venezuela, were studied. Thirty percent (6/20) patients were positive for Ehrlichia canis 16S rRNA on gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Compared with the U.S. strains, 16S rRNA gene sequences from all six patients had the same base mutation as the sequence of the E. canis Venezuelan human Ehrlichia (VHE) strain previously isolated from an asymptomatic human. This study is the first report of E. canis infection of human patients with clinical signs of HME.
Recurrent CDKN1B (p27) mutations in hairy cell leukemia (2015)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is marked by near 100% mutational frequency of BRAFV600E mutations. Recurrent cooperating genetic events that may contribute to HCL pathogenesis or affect the clinical course of HCL are currently not described. Therefore, we performed whole exome sequencing to explore the mutational landscape of purine analog refractory HCL. In addition to the disease-defining BRAFV600E mutations, we identified mutations in EZH2, ARID1A, and recurrent inactivating mutations of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1B (p27). Targeted deep sequencing of CDKN1B in a larger cohort of HCL patients identify deleterious CDKN1B mutations in 16% of patients with HCL (n = 13 of 81). In 11 of 13 patients the CDKN1B mutation was clonal, implying an early role of CDKN1B mutations in the pathogenesis of HCL. CDKN1B mutations were not found to impact clinical characteristics or outcome in this cohort. These data identify HCL as having the highest frequency of CDKN1B mutations among cancers and identify CDNK1B as the second most common mutated gene in HCL. Moreover, given the known function of CDNK1B, these data suggest a novel role for alterations in regulation of cell cycle and senescence in HCL with CDKN1B mutations.
Using Student Annotated Hashtags and Emojis to Collect Nuanced Affective States (2017)

Determining affective states such as confusion from students' participation in online discussion forums can be useful for instructors of a large classroom. However, manual annotation of forum posts by instructors or paid crowd workers is both time-consuming and expensive. In this work, we harness affordances prevalent in social media to allow students to self-annotate their discussion posts with a set of hashtags and emojis, a process that is fast and cheap. For students, self-annotation with hashtags and emojis provides another channel for self-expression, as well as a way to signal to instructors and other students on the lookout for certain types of messages. This method also provides an easy way to acquire a labeled dataset of affective states, allowing us distinguish between more nuanced emotions such as confusion and curiosity. From a dataset of over 25,000 discussion posts from two courses containing self-annotated posts by students, we demonstrate how we can identify linguistic differences between posts expressing confusion versus curiosity, achieving 83% accuracy at distinguishing between the two affective states.
Polymer‐Supported 1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene as Polyvalent Ligands in the Copper‐Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition (2010)

Abstract New supported catalysts for the Huisgen’s [3+2] azide‐alkyne cycloaddition have been prepared by immobilization of copper species on commercially available polymeric matrixes incorporating the 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) template. The synergic exploitation of the exceptional copper chelating ability and basicity profile of the TBD framework, in addition to ensuring effective immobilization and stabilization of copper species, allows the implementation of three‐component strategies. The new catalytic systems enabled the development of regioselective, efficient, modular, mild and eco‐friendly multicomponent syntheses of diversely decorated 1,2,3‐triazoles, contributing to expand the scope and versatility of the Cu‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition.
1.48-um diode laser microdissection of the zona pellucida of mouse zygotes (1994)

A cw 1.48 micrometers diode-laser microsurgical procedure is investigated allowing drilling of mouse zona pellucida without micromanipulators or handling of the egg outside the culture dish. The laser beam (60 - 70 mW at the focal point) and a coaxial red light aiming laser are directed through the objective (45 X) of an inverted microscope and focused in spots of 2 - 3 micrometers diameter. Mice zygotes are suspended in groups of 15 - 20 (Nunc culture dishes) in 1 ml culture medium. Egg zona is positioned with the microscope stage on the control spot and exposed to laser light (10 - 20 ms; 0.65 - 1.3 mJ). One laser pulse is sufficient to drill openings ranging from 5 - 7 micrometers diameter depending on laser power and exposure time. Drilled zygotes (N equals 150) develop to the blastocysts stage at a rate (70%) comparable to the control. There is no evidence of thermal damage under optical microscopic observation. In conclusion, the 1.48 micrometers laser radiation allows us to drill holes in mouse zona pellucida in a rapid, simple and non touch procedure. Its high absorption by water and non-mutagenicity makes it a useful tool for assisted fertilization procedures.
ASSISTINDO A EVOLUÇÃO COM JONATHAN WEINER EM “O BICO DO TENTILHÃO” (2000)

Muito cedo, pela manha, um seleto grupo de pesquisadores, comandado por Peter e Rosemary Grant, aproveita a mare baixa para desembarcar em Dafne Maior, uma pequena e isolada ilha do arquipelago das Galapagos. Ela e apenas o cume do cone de um vulcao submarino extinto e, como tal, tem paredes demasiado ingremes para possuir praias. Assim, o mar e sempre profundo as suas margens e, apenas na face sul, encontra-se um ponto em que se pode desembarcar. Sem ancoradouro, o barco a remo aproxima-se o mais que pode do paredao rochoso, onde existe uma saliencia do tamanho de um capacho que, ao efeito das ondas, ora se encontra acima das cabecas de Peter e Rosemary, ora metro abaixo dos seus pes. No momento exato, um a um os passageiros saltam e escalam uma pequena rocha, ate uma area um pouco mais ampla.
Alcohol Teratogenesis: Mechanisms of Damage and Strategies for Intervention (2005)

There are multiple mechanisms by which alcohol can damage the developing brain, but the type of damage induced will depend on the amount and developmental timing of exposure, along with other maternal and genetic factors. This article reviews current perspectives on how ethanol can produce neuroteratogenic effects by its interactions with molecular regulators of brain development. The current evidence suggests that alcohol produces many of its damaging effects by exerting specific actions on molecules that regulate key developmental processes (e.g., L1 cell adhesion molecule, alcohol dehydrogenase, catalase), interfering with the early development of midline serotonergic neurons and disrupting their regulatory-signaling function for other target brain structures, interfering with trophic factors that regulate neurogenesis and cell survival, or inducing excessive cell death via oxidative stress or activation of caspase-3 proteases. The current understanding of pathogenesis mechanisms suggests several strategic approaches to develop rational molecular prevention. However, the development of behavioral and biologic treatments for alcohol-affected children is crucial because it is unlikely that effective delivery of preventative interventions can realistically be achieved in ways to prevent prenatal damage in at-risk pregnancies. Toward that end, behavioral training that promotes experience-dependent neuroplasticity has been effective in a rat model of cerebellar damage induced by alcohol exposure during the period of brain development that is comparable to that of the human third trimester.
Prevalence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs: results of the 1998/99 national survey in Italy. (2002)

Special efforts are necessary to monitor trends in drug resistance and to ensure favourable treatment outcomes among immigrants and HIV-positive tuberculosis cases.
A Rapid Deformation Texture Model Incorporating Grain Interactions: Application to Aluminium Hot Rolling Textures (2005)

A simple and general new approach to predict deformation texture evolution during large plastic strains is presented. The stress in each grain, first calculated by a Taylor model, is then modified by the stresses of adjacent grains thereby making the local slip systems and lattice rotations neighbour dependent. Examples of texture simulations during hot rolling of aluminium alloys are given. The model predictions are compared with the standard Taylor model predictions and with ODF data of the textures measured during hot plane strain compression.
Non-destructive detection of surface-bond defects in carbon composite-strengthened concrete structures (2014)

AbstractFor almost 15 years, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates and sheets have been used for strengthening and repair of civil engineering structures. CFRP plates were applied to upgrade structures for change in use or increasing traffic load. CFRP laminates have also been used to repair deteriorated structures such as multi-storey parking or bridges. The execution quality and condition of the strengthening measure in terms of bond integrity were neither monitored nor tested systematically. Inspectors eventually applied simple hammer knocking during regular main inspection for subjective noise distinction as a measure for eventual insufficient bond. This paper presents the feasibility and the limitations of low-frequency transversal ultrasonic waves with dry-coupling point-contact sensors for inspection and defect detection between CFRP laminate and concrete surfaces. The German Centre of Competence in Civil Engineering (DIBt) has initiated a national research project [Helmerich et al. (2012). Condition analysis of bonded CFRP-applications on concrete structures by means of non-destructive testing [in German: Zustandsuntersuchung von CFK-Klebeverstärkungen an Betonbauteilen mittels zerstörungsfreier Prüfung (ZfP)]. Final, internal project report], carried out at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany. The aim of the project was to present a potential non-destructive testing method for bond defect detection as a measure for the durability of the strengthening system more than 10 years after application.Keywords:: concrete bridgesstrengtheningnon-destructive testingcomposite materialsdurabilityinspection Notes1. Email: boris.milmann@bam.de2. Email: jens.woestmann@bam.deAdditional informationFundingWe kindly acknowledge the funding from the DIBt, the German Centre of Competence in Civil Engineering, co-funded by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing to carry out the knowledge transfer for composite bond integrity testing in civil engineering applications using ultrasonic measurements from the laboratory to field applications. We acknowledge the US-Patent application number 20110088472.We owe many thanks to the editorial board of the SmartEN Marie Curie ITN program [grant number 238726], funded by the European Commission under the FP7, People Action, for the invitation to publish the latest results for periodic non-destructive testing of the CFRP-laminate strengthened critical infrastructure in this special issue.