gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Irradiation- and thermoinduced synthesis of Ag nanoparticles within amphiphilic carbosilane-thioether dendrimers (2012)

We report on the preparation of new amphiphilic carbosilane-thioether dendrimers by thiol-ene chemistry and their application in the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with unusual versatility in approach. In the presence of the dendrimers, AgNPs can be prepared in either water or organic solvents, and by simply using UV irradiation or heat in the reduction step without the need for a chemical reducing agent. Monodisperse size-tunable AgNPs possessing a simple cubic crystal structure were characterized by TEM, SAED, XRD, and other techniques. Susceptibility examination of E. coli indicated strong antibacterial activity of the AgNPs in aqueous solution.
Ultra-high bit rate transmission systems (2002)

Describes the development of components and subsystems for dispersion managed soliton transmission of optical time division multiplexed data at rates up to 100 Gb/s.
Two photon absorption of di-alkyl-amino-nitro-stilbene side chain polymer (1994)

The two photon absorption spectrum has been measured in the 780–1600 nm range for a di-alkyl-amino-nitro-stilbene side-chain polymer. A single two photon peak centered at 920 nm is observed with a peak two photon coefficient of 5.5 cm/GW. Bleaching via two photon absorption at this wavelength is investigated by measuring a refractive index change after an intensive exposure.
Hydroxybisphosphonate‐containing polymeric drug‐delivery systems designed for targeting into bone tissue (2006)

Abstract The preparation and characterization of a novel polymeric drug‐delivery system designed for bone targeting of antineoplastics is described. The system was based on biocompatible poly[ N ‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] carrier containing hydroxybisphosphonate targeting moieties and the model radiotherapeutics 125 I or 111 In or the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The in vitro binding studies with hydroxyapatite as a bone model proved that the system was efficiently adsorbed on this mineral. The systems contained model drugs bound by stable (amide), hydrolytically cleavable (hydrazone) or enzymatically cleavable (Gly‐Phe‐Leu‐Gly tetrapeptide) spacers. It was proven in vitro that, in the case of cleavable spacers, the drug could be released from the polymer carrier at a rate depending on the pH or enzymatic stimulus. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci: 3192–3201, 2006
Long‐Term Acclimation of Plants to Elevated CO2and Its Interaction with Stresses (2007)

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration and air temperature are of major concern when considering the possible effects of global climate change on vegetations. Although production has been found to increase in many cases, other experiments have also indicated increased hazards for plant growth because of the increased frequency of weather extremes, such as droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures. Thus at the same time elevated CO(2) and the extreme climatic events, intra- and interannual climatic variability alone can be foreseen as an indirect constraint, which separately influences significantly the carbon cycling in ecosystems, too. In the shorter term the effect of CO(2) is direct and is mediated by photosynthesis. In the longer term the effects of elevated CO(2) became more and more indirect and its effects are mediated by source-sink interactions within plants, resources (nutrients, water), temperature, microbes, herbivores, and land-use management practice. In fact, the plants can make use of their general stress coping mechanisms to avoid or compensate possible negative effects of elevated CO(2). One has to consider that all the classical abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic stressors are threatening plant growth and development also under elevated CO(2), although at possibly different doses compared to ambient CO(2) concentrations. Therefore, the knowledge of the general stress coping, stress avoiding, and tolerance mechanisms is needed to understand the regulation of the plants' metabolism under normal and elevated CO(2) levels.
Welfare Philosophy and the Third Way (2004)

Abstract Critics of the Third Way in welfare argue that it represents a break with the philosophy of the welfare state characteristic of mainstream social democracy. They argue that the Third Way is not genuinely egalitarian. They argue that it embodies ideas about personal responsibility and social duty that are incompatible with a social democratic commitment to a welfare state founded on ‘social rights’. This paper considers these claims. It argues that central Third Way claims about the balancing of rights and responsibilities do in fact fit with the mainstream traditions of social democratic welfare philosophy. However, Third Way thinkers do indeed aspire to a much less ambitious kind of egalitarianism than was aspired to by past generations of social democratic thinkers.
FcεRI-mediated mast cell degranulation requires calcium-independent microtubule-dependent translocation of granules to the plasma membrane (2005)

The aggregation of high affinity IgE receptors (Fcepsilon receptor I [FcepsilonRI]) on mast cells is potent stimulus for the release of inflammatory and allergic mediators from cytoplasmic granules. However, the molecular mechanism of degranulation has not yet been established. It is still unclear how FcepsilonRI-mediated signal transduction ultimately regulates the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and how these events lead to degranulation. Here, we show that FcepsilonRI stimulation triggers the formation of microtubules in a manner independent of calcium. Drugs affecting microtubule dynamics effectively suppressed the FcepsilonRI-mediated translocation of granules to the plasma membrane and degranulation. Furthermore, the translocation of granules to the plasma membrane occurred in a calcium-independent manner, but the release of mediators and granule-plasma membrane fusion were completely dependent on calcium. Thus, the degranulation process can be dissected into two events: the calcium-independent microtubule-dependent translocation of granules to the plasma membrane and calcium-dependent membrane fusion and exocytosis. Finally, we show that the Fyn/Gab2/RhoA (but not Lyn/SLP-76) signaling pathway plays a critical role in the calcium-independent microtubule-dependent pathway.
The Metabolism of Separase Inhibitor Sepin-1 in Human, Mouse, and Rat Liver Microsomes (2018)

Separase, a known oncogene, is widely overexpressed in numerous human tumors of breast, bone, brain, blood, and prostate. Separase is an emerging target for cancer therapy, and separase enzymatic inhibitors such as sepin-1 are currently being developed to treat separase-overexpressed tumors. Drug metabolism plays a critical role in the efficacy and safety of drug development, as well as possible drug-drug interactions. In this study, we investigated the <i>in vitro</i> metabolism of sepin-1 in human, mouse, and rat liver microsomes (RLM) using metabolomic approaches. In human liver microsomes (HLM), we identified seven metabolites including one cysteine-sepin-1 adduct and one glutathione-sepin-1 adduct. All the sepin-1 metabolites in HLM were also found in both mouse and RLM. Using recombinant CYP450 isoenzymes, we demonstrated that multiple enzymes contributed to the metabolism of sepin-1, including CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 as the major metabolizing enzymes. Inhibitory effects of sepin-1 on seven major CYP450s were also evaluated using the corresponding substrates recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. Our studies indicated that sepin-1 moderately inhibits CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 with IC<sub>50</sub> < 10 μM but weakly inhibits CYP2B6, CYP2C8/9, and CYP2D6 with IC<sub>50</sub> > 10 μM. This information can be used to optimize the structures of sepin-1 for more suitable pharmacological properties and to predict the possible sepin-1 interactions with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
Etude d'un réchauffeur de fluides corrosifs (1994)

Cette etude concerne un rechauffeur electrique de fluides corrosifs concu a partir d'un echangeur de chaleur en graphite, a courants croises. Les premiers essais ont montre une mauvaise repartition de la temperature du bloc d'echange et du fluide en sortie d'appareil. Nous avons donc etudie les elements chauffants electriques, le bloc d'echange et la repartition du fluide dans celui-ci. Les caracteristiques des elements chauffants utilises ne pouvant pas etre obtenues experimentalement, nous les avons determinees en utilisant une modelisation que nous avons validee sur d'autres elements dont les resultats experimentaux etaient connus. L'etude du bloc d'echange a revele l'existence d'une limite superieure du rapport des vitesses maximale et minimale dans l'appareil. Nous avons recherche la valeur de ce rapport en etudiant experimentalement et par modelisation la repartition du debit. La valeur trouvee etant trop elevee nous avons cherche a homogeneiser l'ecoulement du fluide dans l'appareil. Nous avons obtenu experimentalement de bons resultats en placant un obstacle dans la boite a eau. Nous avons propose une loi representative de la repartition du fluide qui, sur la base d'hypotheses simplificatrices, nous permet de determiner l'obstacle qui permet une utilisation optimale de l'appareil. Nous avons montre que l'utilisation d'un logiciel permet egalement de bonnes previsions. Nous avons modifie notre prototype et nous avons repris nos essais avec succes. Les resultats obtenus pourraient etre extrapoles a des rechauffeurs de fluides ordinaires dont le bloc d'echange serait en un materiau moins noble et donc moins couteux.
Effects of post‐operative pain treatment using non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory analgesics, opioids or epidural blockade on systemic and local immune responses in children (2004)

Post-operative pain treatments using diclofenac (NSAID), oxycodone (opioid) and epidural blockade have basically similar effects on systemic and local immune responses with only slight, probably clinically unimportant differences in children undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia.
Acoustic resolution photoacoustic Doppler flowmetry using a transducer array: optimising processing for velocity contrast (2017)

This work demonstrates the first measurements of blood flow velocity using photoacoustic flowmetry (PAF) employing a transducer array. The measurements were made in a flow phantom consisting of a tube (580 &mu;m inner diameter) containing blood flowing steadily at physiological speeds ranging from 3 mm/s to 25 mm/s. Velocity measurements were based on the generation of two successive photoacoustic (PA) signals using two laser pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm; the PA signals were detected using a 64-element transducer array with a -6 dB detection bandwidth of 11-17 MHz. We developed a processing pipeline to optimise a cross-correlation based velocity measurement method comprising the following processing steps: image reconstruction, filtering, displacement detection, and masking. We found no difference in flow detection accuracy when choosing different image reconstruction algorithms (time reversal, Fourier transformation, and delay-and-sum). High-pass filtering and wallfiltering were however found to be essential pre-processing steps in order to recover the correct displacement information. We masked the calculated velocity map based on the amplitude of the cross-correlation function in order to define the region of interest corresponding to highest signal amplitude. These developments enabled blood flow measurements using a transducer array, bringing PAF one step closer to clinical applicability.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Dendrotoxin K Reveals Amino Acids Critical for Its Interaction with Neuronal K+ Channels (1997)

Dendrotoxin K (DTXK) is a 57-residue protein from mamba venom that blocks certain non-inactivating, voltage-activated K+ currents in neurones. In order to pinpoint the residues responsible for its specificity, structure-activity relations of DTX(K) were investigated by mutagenesis. A previously cloned gene encoding this toxin [Smith et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 5692-5697] was used to make single mutations; after expression in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins and enzymatic cleavage of the conjugates isolated from the periplasmic space, nine toxins were purified. Structural analysis of the native DTXK and representative mutants by circular dichroism showed that no significant differences were detectable in their folded structures. The biological activity of the mutants, which contained alterations of positively charged and other amino acids, was determined from their abilities to compete for the binding of 125I-labeled DTX(K) to K+ channels in synaptic plasma membranes from rat cerebral cortex. Mutants with residues substituted in the alpha-helix near the C-terminus (R52A or R53A) yielded binding parameters similar to those of wild-type and native DTX(K). In the case of the beta-turn (residues 24-28), however, altering single amino acids reduced binding to the high-affinity site of K+ channels, with the rank order of decreases being K26A >> W25A > K24A = K28A. Also, substitutions made in the 3(10)-helix (residues 3-7), a region located close to the beta-turn, produced equivalent effects (K3A > K6A). Thus, it is deduced that residues in the distorted beta-turn and neighboring 3(10)-helix of DTX(K) are critical for its interaction with neuronal K+ channels.
Cyclic Nucleotide Control of Microtubule Dynamics for Axon Guidance (2016)

Developing neurons can extend long axons toward their postsynaptic targets. The tip of each axon, called the growth cone, recognizes extracellular guidance cues and navigates the axon along the correct path. Here we show that asymmetric cyclic nucleotide signaling across the growth cone mediates axon guidance through localized regulation of microtubule dynamics and resulting recruitment of specific populations of membrane vesicles to the growth cone's leading edge. Remarkably, cAMP stimulates microtubule growth and membrane protrusion, whereas cGMP promotes microtubule retraction and membrane senescence, explaining the opposite directional polarities of growth cone turning induced by these cyclic nucleotides. This study reveals a novel microtubule-based mechanism through which cyclic nucleotides polarize the growth cone steering machinery for bidirectional axon guidance.
GEP–NETs UPDATE: Radionuclide therapy in neuroendocrine tumors (2014)

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a promising new treatment modality for inoperable or metastasized gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) patients. Most studies report objective response rates in 15-35% of patients. Also, outcome in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival compares very favorably with that for somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, or new, 'targeted' therapies. They also compare favorably to PFS data for liver-directed therapies. Two decades after the introduction of PRRT, there is a growing need for randomized controlled trials comparing PRRT to 'standard' treatment, that is treatment with agents that have proven benefit when tested in randomized trials. Combining PRRT with liver-directed therapies or with targeted therapies could improve treatment results. The question to be answered, however, is whether a combination of therapies performed within a limited time-span from one another results in a better PFS than a strategy in which other therapies are reserved until after (renewed) tumor progression. Randomized clinical trials comparing PRRT with other treatment modalities should be undertaken to determine the best treatment options and treatment sequelae for patients with GEPNETs.
Efficacy of Neutron Radiotherapy for Primary Tracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Single Institution Retrospective Analysis (2020)

Background: Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common primary tracheal neoplasms but the data for optimal treatment plan is limited. This study is an update of our institutional experience treating primary ACC of the trachea with neutron radiotherapy..
Apatite Coatings from Ostrich Eggshell and its Bioactivity Assessment (2016)

In this work a two-step thermochemical deposition of calcium phosphate from ostrich eggshell on titanium surface was performed. After the deposition, the coatings were immersed into 0,1M KOH solution in order to favoring HA precipitation. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope with field emission gun (FEG-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Bioactivity assessment was performed in cell culture media, McCoy 5A medium, for 14 days. XRD patterns showed brushite/monetite as the phases present at first deposition step; in the second deposition step XRD patterns indicated HA phase peaks on titanium surface. After 14 days on McCoy 5A medium, brushite/monetite coatings revealed bone-like apatite precipitation, showing bioactivity; hydroxyapatite coatings showed a surface modification but no significant bone-like apatite precipitation, thus lower bioactivity. The use of ostrich eggshells as an alternative source to obtain bioactive calcium phosphate coatings showed to be effective.
A new Schizosaccharomyces pombe base excision repair mutant, nth1, reveals overlapping pathways for repair of DNA base damage (2003)

Endonuclease III (Nth) enzyme from Escherichia coli is involved in base excision repair of oxidised pyrimidine residues in DNA. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe Nth1 protein is a sequence and functional homologue of E. coli Nth, possessing both DNA glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase activity. Here, we report the construction and characterization of the S. pombe nth1 mutant. The nth1 mutant exhibited no enhanced sensitivity to oxidising agents, UV or gamma-irradiation, but was hypersensitive to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). Analysis of base excision from DNA exposed to [3H]methyl-N-nitrosourea showed that the purified Nth1 enzyme did not remove alkylated bases such as 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine whereas methyl-formamidopyrimidine was excised efficiently. The repair of AP sites in S. pombe has previously been shown to be independent of Apn1-like AP endonuclease activity, and the main reason for the MMS sensitivity of nth1 cells appears to be their lack of AP lyase activity. The nth1 mutant also exhibited elevated frequencies of spontaneous mitotic intrachromosomal recombination, which is a phenotype shared by the MMS-hypersensitive DNA repair mutants rad2, rhp55 and NER repair mutants rad16, rhp14, rad13 and swi10. Epistasis analyses of nth1 and these DNA repair mutants suggest that several DNA damage repair/tolerance pathways participate in the processing of alkylation and spontaneous DNA damage in S. pombe.
Simulation Study of Gate-Drain Leakage Current and Density of Polarization Charge at Heterojunction Interface in GaN HEMTs (2022)

In previous report, we showed that the source-drain leakage current at off state can be suppressed by thinning the undoped channel layer even if the gate length was reduced to 25 nm in device simulation of AlGaN/GaN HEMT. On the other hand, if the source-drain leakage current can be suppressed, leak current is dominated by the leakage current between the gate and drain. In this report, the source-drain leakage current and the gate-drain leakage current are calculated when drain voltage is until 50 V. When the sufficiently small access resistance is assumed, change of Al composition of barrier has almost no effect in DC characteristics, while the gate-drain leakage is suppressed when Al composition is lower due to lower polarization charge at heterojunction. To use high Schottky barrier height of the gate of AlGaN layer with high Al composition effectively, reduction of the density of polarization charge by using semi-polar-face is proposed.
MoS2@VS2 Nanocomposite as a Superior Hybrid Anode Material (2017)

Using density functional theory, MoS<sub>2</sub>@VS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite is reported as a hybrid anode with upgraded electronic conductivity and Li/Na storage capacity. The chemically active monolayer VS<sub>2</sub> can be stabilized in energy and phonon vibrations by using the monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> as a substrate. The stability of the chemically active monolayer VS<sub>2</sub> is attributed to the interfacial charge accumulation between the monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> and VS<sub>2</sub>. The maximum specific capacity of the nanocomposite has been enhanced to 584 mAh/g both for Li and for Na storage. We attribute the high enhancement in the Li/Na storage capacity of MoS<sub>2</sub>@VS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite to the charge redistribution in the formation of the nanocomposite. The lithiation/sodiation open-circuit voltage range of the nanocomposite is quite feasible to be used as anode. Diffusion barriers of Li/Na ions on the surfaces of the nanocomposite are comparable to the barriers on corresponding monolayers, while at the interface the barriers are lower than that for bulk MoS<sub>2</sub>. This study utilizes different aspects of the two different materials in a hybrid anode with highly enhanced electrochemical performance.
Relation betwcen Molecular Weights of Humic Substances and Adsorption Abilities of Granular Activated Carbons in Fixed Bed (1991)

腐葉土を温水抽出したモデル表流水と実際の河川水の凝集沈殿処理水とを5種類の粒状活性炭を充填した固定床で処理し, 生物の繁殖があまりなく, 吸着効果が安定した通水開始から20～30日後の有機物の除去効果を解析した。水中有機物は, 分子量が小さいほど短い接触時間で吸着除去されると考えられ, 1～12minの範囲のある空塔接触時間θで吸着されるみかけの最大分子量Mmaxは, 水の種類によらず, 活性炭ごとに次式で近似されることが明らかになった。Mmax=kθ+80また, 活性炭の直径2～10nmの細孔容積が大きいほどkが大きくなった。したがって, 分子量の小さな有機物を含む水ほど, また, 直径2～10nmの細孔容積の大きい活性炭ほど短い接触時間で高い除去率が得られることが定量的に明らかとなった。
Pipeline for effective denoising of digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (2017)

Denoising can be used as a tool to enhance image quality and enforce low radiation doses in X-ray medical imaging. The
effectiveness of denoising techniques relies on the validity of the underlying noise model. In full-field digital
mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), calibration steps like the detector offset and flat-fielding
can affect some assumptions made by most denoising techniques. Furthermore, quantum noise found in X-ray
images is signal-dependent and can only be treated by specific filters. In this work we propose a pipeline for FFDM and
DBT image denoising that considers the calibration steps and simplifies the modeling of the noise statistics through
variance-stabilizing transformations (VST). The performance of a state-of-the-art denoising method was tested with and
without the proposed pipeline. To evaluate the method, objective metrics such as the normalized root mean square error
(N-RMSE), noise power spectrum, modulation transfer function (MTF) and the frequency signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
were analyzed. Preliminary tests show that the pipeline improves denoising. When the pipeline is not used, bright pixels
of the denoised image are under-filtered and dark pixels are over-smoothed due to the assumption of a signal-independent
Gaussian model. The pipeline improved denoising up to 20% in terms of spatial N-RMSE and up to 15% in
terms of frequency SNR. Besides improving the denoising, the pipeline does not increase signal smoothing significantly,
as shown by the MTF. Thus, the proposed pipeline can be used with state-of-the-art denoising techniques to improve the
quality of DBT and FFDM images.