gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potential of modulating potassium currents in the diseased myocardium 1 (1992)

Myocardial disease states are characterized by multiple electrophysiologic abnormalities, including alterations in potassium channel activities. During acute myocardial ischemia, activation of ATP-regulated K+ current (IK(ATP)) results in shortening of action potential duration and elevation of extracellular K+ concentration. In hypertrophied myocardium, increases in inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) and decreases in delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) are observed. Alterations in K+ channel activity in myocardial disease states suggest the potential to therapeutically modify cardiac rhythm and function with K+ channel modulators. Class III anti-arrhythmic agents, which prolong myocardial refractoriness predominantly via a blockade of IK, have demonstrated efficacy in suppressing reentrant atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in animal models as well as promising efficacy in initial clinical studies. Potassium channel openers (PCOs), which activate cardiac IK(ATP), have demonstrated both antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic activities in various experimental settings, and also are being investigated as potential cardioprotective agents. Sulfonylureas, which block cardiac IK(ATP), also have been investigated as potential antiarrhythmic agents with equivocal results, and have displayed a propensity to exacerbate ischemic myocardial dysfunction in experimental studies. A more comprehensive understanding of K+ channel activity in various myocardial disease states, including concomitant disorders such as myocardial ischemia and hypertrophy, will facilitate the development of more useful potassium channel modulators, as well as a clearer recognition of the undesirable effects of such agents.
A Cryptophane Core Optimized for Xenon Encapsulation (2007)

The smallest cryptophane ever synthesized, cryptophane-1.1.1 (1), whose internal volume is estimated to be 81 Å3, exhibits the highest binding constant (10000 M-1 at 293 K) in organic solution for xenon encapsulation determined to date. The very slow kinetics of decomplexation on the NMR time scale results in an extremely sharp 129Xe NMR signal for the Xe@1 complex, which shows an unexpected low-frequency shift. The free energy of activation for decomplexation of xenon at 293 K is ΔG⧧out = 64.9 ± 3 kJ mol-1 (ΔH⧧out = 43.2 ± 1.6 kJ mol-1; ΔS⧧out = −74 ± 3 J mol-1 K-1). These properties suggest that the cryptophane core of 1 is optimized for use in sensing applications in combination with laser-polarized xenon.
Incidence and Outcome of Clostridium difficile Infection—Beware of Strain Type and Diagnostic Tests (2020)

Clostridium difficile (also known as Clostridioides difficile) infection (CDI) is one of the most common health care-associated (HCA) infections and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among older adult hospitalized patients. Although the incidence of HCA CDI and its attributable hospital length of stay (LOS) have appeared to be increasing nationally in the United States, they are highly dependent on the frequency of epidemic or outbreak strains, which influence
Supplementary Table S1 from An Exploratory Study of Systemic Administration of the Toll-like Receptor-7 Agonist 852A in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from An Exploratory Study of Systemic Administration of the Toll-like Receptor-7 Agonist 852A in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Melanoma
Long‐term follow‐up of ribavirin‐free DAA‐based treatment in HCV recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (2017)

RBV-free DAA combinations for the treatment of HCV recurrence after OLT are highly efficacious and well tolerated. Our long-term data show that viral eradication is durable but not necessarily translated into beneficial long-term clinical outcome.
Generating two dimensional ground reaction forces with a viscoelastic runner model (2011)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to propose a viscoelastic model which can generate two dimensional ground reaction forces in steady pace running. In our previous studies, the 3 degrees of freedom viscoelastic model was proposed to reproduce the vertical ground reaction force and rebound velocity. According to the angle of the ground reaction force calculated from the ratio of vertical and horizontal ground reaction force during contact period, the model needed the rotational control element because the rotational behavior of the model was a very complicated movement. To generate the two dimensional ground reaction force of running, the nonlinear rotational viscoelastic elements were incorporated to the model and the parameters of the model were calculated with parameter searching. The two dimensional ground reaction force was reproduced with the proposed model.
A Facile Synthesis of Dialkoxycarbonylketene-, Dicyanoketene-, and Alkoxycarbonyl(cyano)ketene Ethylene Acetals (1988)

Dicyanoketene-, dialkoxycarbonylketene- and alkoxycarbonyl(cyano) ketene ethylene acetals can be conveniently prepared by reaction of malononitrile, dialkyl malonates and alkyl cyanoacetates with 2-chloroethyl chloroformate.
Combined effects of plasma von Willebrand factor and platelet measures on the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (2021)

Plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet reactivity are risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and VWF can promote hemostasis by interaction with platelets. In this study, we explored the combined effects of plasma VWF and platelet measures on the risk of incident VTE. A population-based nested case-control study with 403 cases and 816 controls was derived from the Tromsø Study. VWF, platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were measured in blood samples drawn at baseline. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE were estimated across VWF tertiles, within predefined MPV (<8.5, 8.5-9.5, and ≥9.5 fL) and platelet count (<230, 230-299, and ≥300 ×109/L) strata. Here, participants with VWF levels in the highest tertile and with MPV ≥9.5 fL had an OR of 1.98 (95% CI, 1.17-3.36) for VTE compared with those in the lowest VWF tertile and with MPV <8.5 fL in the age- and sex-adjusted model. In the joint exposure group, 48% (95% CI, 15-96) of VTEs were attributable to the biological interaction between VWF and MPV. Similarly, individuals with VWF in the highest tertile and platelet count ≥300 × 109/L had an OR of 2.91 (95% CI, 1.49-5.67) compared with those with VWF in the lowest tertile and platelet count <230 × 109/L, and 39% (95% CI, -2 to 97) of VTEs in the joint exposure group were explained by the interaction. Our results suggest that platelet reactivity and platelet count interact biologically with high plasma VWF, resulting in an increased risk for incident VTE.
Iron-Based Flow Batteries: Improving Lifetime and Performance (2017)

startup companies . . . . . . . . .2.2 Complexation reactions in iron chloride electrolytes . . . . . . . . . .2.3 Equilibrium constants for acid ferrous chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.4
Study of Langerhans cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1984)

We assessed the number of Langerhans cells (LC) before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 27 patients in order to study the fate and behavior of these dendritic antigen-presenting cells following allogeneic BMT. LC were identified using monoclonal antibody OKT6 on skin biopsies performed on days - 10, 0, 11, 25, 39, 120, and 365. In a control group composed of 15 healthy adults aged 20-37 yr, the mean number of LC (+/- SEM) was 25.6 +/- 1.17/0.1 sq mm of epidermal surface. Our study shows that pretransplant, the number of LC in patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia was lower than that of controls. The finding of low numbers of LC in patients with untreated aplastic anemia is suggestive of a medullary origin of LC in man. Moreover, during the early posttransplant period, nearly all patients present a severe deficit in LC. This deficit may delay the maturation of their immune system. The number of LC reaches nearly normal levels 4-12 mo after BMT. Finally, we have noted a significant impairment of LC reconstitution in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), providing evidence that this defect may be an important mechanism involved in acute GVHD-related immunodeficiency.
Patients with laxity of the distal radioulnar joint after distal radial fractures have impaired function, but no loss of strength (2002)

Laxity of the distal radioulnar (DRU) joint after distal radial fractures has a worse general outcome in patients before the usual age for development of osteoporosis. The hypothesis for this study was that patients with laxity also have less strength during supination and pronation. An apparatus for measuring strength in supination and pronation was constructed and validated. 20 patients were chosen from a cohort of 76 patients who had had distal radial fractures 6 years ago. The stability of the DRU-joint was tested manually by 2 examiners and the test's reliability was good. The DRU-joint was lax in 6 patients. No differences were found between patients with stable and lax DRU-joints as regards isometric grip strength, strength in supination or pronation or radiographic characteristics. However, subjectively evaluated hand function was impaired in those with lax DRU-joints. This was noted on the subjective part of the Gartland and Werley score and 13 questions concerning everyday activities. In conclusion, DRU-joint laxity was associated with impaired hand function, but no loss of strength in forearm rotation after distal radial fractures in non-osteoporotic patients.
查尔斯·里克特——伟大的地震学家 (1998)

当你问到熟悉地震学家查尔斯·里克特(Charles Richter)的人,你将会听到这样的回答:“他知道植物园中每一种植物的名字。他和古登堡(Gutenberg)——另一位伟大的地震学家,有时为科学问题的争论而大喊大叫;他能够叙述20多年前地震图的细节;他的脸部有时抽搐;他能用美丽生动的言语描写地震和地球;他写的诗大多数不知写什么主题;他常常只要简单
<title>High-density optical mass storage system using overwriting for database file systems</title> (1997)

An optical mass storage system using high-density recording media has been developed for large file systems such as multimedia databases, video-on-demand servers, and file backup systems. Quadruple-density 130-mm diameter magneto- optical disks raise the maximum capacity of this system to 2 tera bytes. The use of high-density media reduces the cost of file storage and the installation area and cuts the data transfer time. Compatibility with current systems using optical disks makes it easy to introduce this new system in place of older systems. For high transfer rate, we developed two disk drives. One uses two laser beams on one positioner and a new verification technique in the recording cycle by the write beam. The other uses overwritable media to reduce the overhead in the write cycle. The system cost is reduced by using standard components and high-density media. And high reliability is achieved by using cross access to drives and medium-handling mechanisms. This system is suitable for storing archived files on-line because it has enough capacity and access speed, unlike conventional systems whose archived data is stored off-line on magnetic tapes.
Transformation Media for Thin Planar Retrodirective Reflectors (2008)

In this letter, we address the design of thin planar retrodirective reflectors via transformation optics. Exploiting form-invariant transformations of Maxwell's equations, we derive the constitutive properties of an anisotropic and spatially inhomogeneous transformation-medium coating which, laid on a flat metallic surface, exhibits the retrodirective response typical of a dihedral corner reflector. The practical feasibility of the involved materials should be within reach of the fast-pacing metamaterial technology. The results of our investigations, validated via a full-wave study of the near- and far-field responses, could find interesting applications in radar, communication, and identification scenarios.
The composition, active components and bacteriostatic activity of propolis in dietetics (1994)

Abstract The composition and bacteriostatic activities of fifteen propolis samples from various botanic and geographic origins were determined. Twenty‐six phenolic components were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography with array photodiode detector. Acacetin and apigenin were most abundant. Pinocembrin, quercetin, rutin and vanillin were present in lesser quantities. Variance analysis shows significant differences ( P ≤0.05) in the contents of phenols, flavonoids and active components. The minimum inhibitory concentration of propolis is about 53 times higher than that reported for tetracycline against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus , and about 400 times higher against Escherichia coli .
HTML5 MSE playback of MPEG 360 VR tiled streaming: JavaScript implementation of MPEG-OMAF viewport-dependent video profile with HEVC tiles (2019)

Virtual Reality (VR) and 360-degree video streaming have gained significant attention in recent years. First standards have been published in order to avoid market fragmentation. For instance, 3GPP released its first VR specification to enable 360-degree video streaming over 5G networks which relies on several technologies specified in ISO/IEC 23090-2, also known as MPEG-OMAF. While some implementations of OMAF-compatible players have already been demonstrated at several trade shows, so far, no web browser-based implementations have been presented. In this demo paper we describe a browser-based JavaScript player implementation of the most advanced media profile of OMAF: HEVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profile, also known as tile-based streaming, with multi-resolution HEVC tiles. We also describe the applied workarounds for the implementation challenges we encountered with state-of-the-art HTML5 browsers. The presented implementation was tested in the Safari browser with support of HEVC video through the HTML5 Media Source Extensions API. In addition, the WebGL API was used for rendering, using region-wise packing metadata as defined in OMAF.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Preparation of (.+‐.)‐(1,3/2,4)‐5‐Cyclohexene‐1,2,3,4‐tetrol ( (.+‐.)‐Conduritol‐B) and Its Reaction with Hydrobromic and Hydrochloric Acid; Synthesis and Characterization of Some (.+‐.)‐1‐ Deoxy‐1‐haloand (.+‐.)‐1,4‐Dideoxy‐1,4‐dihaloconduritols. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genome-wide association study of genetic factors related to confectionery intake: Potential roles of theADIPOQgene (2013)

Given the biological plausibility and previous relevant findings, the association of an SNP in the ADIPOQ gene with a preference for confectionery is worthy of follow-up and provides a good working hypothesis for experimental testing.
Potentiall of Ferulic Acid as a Precursor to Off‐Flavors in Stored Orange Juice (1988)

ABSTRACT The hypothesis that free ferulic acid in stored orange juice contributes to the objectional aroma of p‐vinyl guaiacol (PVG) was tested. Single‐strength orange juice (SSOJ) contained 185 μg/L free ferulic acid which increased to 316 μg/L after pasteurization. Commercial samples of SSOJ contained 3.7mg/L free ferulic when incubated at 35°C for 28 days; incubation at 50°C, resulted in 9.5 mg/L, while samples kept at 4°C contained 2.9 mg/L. Simultaneously, PVG content in SSOJ increased by 2‐(35°C) to 3‐(50°C) fold, while addition of ferulic acid accelerated formation of PVG. Inclusion of orange juice with added ferulic acid, produced a less acceptable aroma (laboratory taste panel) than juice incubated without added ferulic acid.
Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement (1990)

This report reviews individual-related variables, environment-related variables and instrument-related variables, with a focus on the Evaporimeter EP1 (ServoMed). Start-up and use is described, and guidelines for good laboratory practice given.
The synthesis of 2‐methylchromone‐3‐carboxylic acid (1980)

Abstract A new synthesis of 2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxylic acid (2‐methylchromone‐3‐carboxylic acid from salicyloyl chloride and the enamine of ethyl acetoacetate, is described and compared with the classical synthesis.
KL based data fusion for target tracking (2012)

Visual object tracking in video can be formulated as a time varying appearance-based binary classification problem. Tracking algorithms need to adapt to changes in both foreground object appearance as well as varying scene backgrounds. Fusing information from multimodal features (views or representations) typically enhances classification performance without increasing classifier complexity when image features are concatenated to form a high-dimensional vector. Combining these representative views to effectively exploit multimodal information for classification becomes a key issue. We show that the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence measure provides a framework that leads to family of techniques for fusing representations including Cher-noff distance and variance ratio that is the same as linear discriminant analysis. We provide experimental results that corroborate well with our theoretical analysis.
Hypertonic saline resuscitation (1990)

Hypertonic saline, or saline-dextran resuscitation is normally achieved with an Na+ load of 4.8 to 7.2 mEq/kg given in a small volume (typically 4 to 6 ml/kg NaCl 7.5%). Na+ can also be administered saturated in a smaller volume, e.g., 1 to 1.5 ml/kg NaCl 25%, with similar results. Such reduction in administered volume would be an asset in prehospital trauma management. In the present experiments, severely bled (45 ml/kg) dogs were treated with one of three NaCl/dextran-70 solutions: S1, 25% NaCl + 24% dextran (1.5 ml/kg); S2, 15% NaCl + 14.4% dextran (2.5 ml/kg); S3, 7.5% NaCl + 6% dextran (5 ml/kg). S1, S2, and S3 were pump-infused in 10 min into a peripheral vein; S1 and S2 were also given into the right atrium. S1, S2, or S3 produced a number of similar responses irrespective of the route of administration; arterial pressure, cardiac index, and base excess reverted to near control levels, plasma Na+ was raised to 155-158 mEq/L, and 5-day survival was high and comparable. Plasma volume, and total and mean red cell volumes were similarly affected in all groups; however, peripheral injections of S1 and S2 induced severe hemolysis (plasma Hgb: 53 +/- 6 and 34 +/- 4 mg/dl, respectively), while right atrial S1 and S2 caused mild hemolysis (22 +/- 3 and 14 +/- 3 mg/dl, respectively). In contrast, S3 never induced hemolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sapphire (112¯0) surface: Structure and laser-induced desorption of aluminum (1992)

The laser-induced desorption of particles from a well-characterized sapphire (112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0) surface at laser wavelengths of 1064 nm (1.17 eV) and 355 nm (3.51 eV) was investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Below the laser ablation threshold, only aluminum ions were observed to desorb with average kinetic energies of 7.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 eV at both photon energies. The high kinetic energies of the desorbing aluminum ions indicate that the desorption mechanism is electronic. The surface atomic and electronic structure was studied with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. After heating the surface to over 1500 K, a reconstructed surface exhbiting a (12\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) LEED pattern was established. The electron-energy-loss spectrum from the (12\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) surface revealed the presence of surface electronic states in the bulk band gap of sapphire as evidenced by a broad (\ensuremath{\sim}2 eV full width at half maximum) energy-loss feature centered at 3.6 eV. The surface electronic states are believed to participate in the photon-absorption process.
Real‐time PCR with internal amplification control for detecting tuberculosis: method design and validation (2009)

Real-time PCR has been a major development in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, most tests do not include an internal amplification control (IAC), which therefore limits it clinical application. In this study a new, easy to perform real-time PCR test with IAC was designed and validated in clinical samples. The primers amplified a 163-bp fragment of IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the IAC was designed with a fragment of a different microorganism (Chlamydia trachomatis). The interassay and intraassay variation of this test were very low (0.45-1.65% and 0.18-1.80%, respectively). The detection accuracy was validated in 50 samples (25 urine, 25 sputum) with different concentrations of M. tuberculosis, 18 clinical isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and 148 samples with clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis. The specificity was 100%. The detection limit of this PCR test without IAC was approximately 15 bacteria and with IAC approximately 32 bacteria. This real-time PCR with IAC assay can improve the detection of M. tuberculosis and contribute to standardization of this diagnostic technique.
Thermus thermophilus HB27 WT vs HB27Δago RNAseq (2014)

raw RNAseq data from mid-log phase Thermus thermophilus HB27 WT and HB27Δago RNA
MILES: Multiple-Instance Learning via Embedded Instance Selection (2006)

Multiple-instance problems arise from the situations where training class labels are attached to sets of samples (named bags), instead of individual samples within each bag (called instances). Most previous multiple-instance learning (MIL) algorithms are developed based on the assumption that a bag is positive if and only if at least one of its instances is positive. Although the assumption works well in a drug activity prediction problem, it is rather restrictive for other applications, especially those in the computer vision area. We propose a learning method, MILES (Multiple-Instance Learning via Embedded instance Selection), which converts the multiple-instance learning problem to a standard supervised learning problem that does not impose the assumption relating instance labels to bag labels. MILES maps each bag into a feature space defined by the instances in the training bags via an instance similarity measure. This feature mapping often provides a large number of redundant or irrelevant features. Hence, 1-norm SVM is applied to select important features as well as construct classifiers simultaneously. We have performed extensive experiments. In comparison with other methods, MILES demonstrates competitive classification accuracy, high computation efficiency, and robustness to labeling uncertainty.
Image‐based 3D reconstruction using helical nanobelts for localized rotations (2009)

A variety of different methods exist for gathering three-dimensional information for micro- and nanoscale objects. Tilting of samples in a scanning electron microscope provides a non-destructive way of generating these data. Traditionally, the reconstruction of this image data is performed by stereo photogrammetric methods that compare features from two or three frames. We propose the application of techniques from the structure-from-motion community as being efficient, high-precision alternatives to stereo methods, which allows for automated utilization of a large number of sampled images. We propose the use of nanobelts to generate localized rotational motions. Using this method alleviates the demand of high-precision actuators, allows 360 degrees rotations, and provides a useful tool for micro- and nanomanipulation.