gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 4-Methylbenzal derivatives (1996)

4-Methylbenzalcyanoacetic acid, ethyl 4-methylbenzalcyanoacetate, 4-methylbenzai-cyanoacetamide and 4-methylbenzalmalononiirile, obtained by condeesing 4-methylbenzalaniline with cyanoacetic acid, ethyl cyanoacetatee,yanoacetamide end dalononitrite lespectively, y,ve been tested against Ustilago tritici, Alternaria tenuis, Alternaria alteriata, Sphaeceloma maydis, Colletotricum capsici and Puccinia recondita by spore germinatren inhibition method. 4-Methylbenzalmalononitrile revealed good antifungal activity against U. triticit S. maydis and C. capsici.
Changes in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Somatotropic Function of Infant Hypothyroid Rats (1990)

The effects of the perturbation of the pituitary-thyroid axis induced during development on the functional activity of the growth hormone (GH) regulatory neuronal systems, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), and somatostatin (SS) were studied in 14- and 21-day-old rats made hypothyroid by giving dams propylthiouracil in the drinking water since the day of parturition. Infant hypothyroid rats, both at 14 and 21 days of life, had elevated plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and decreased pituitary and plasma GH levels. Simultaneous determination of hypothalamic GHRH/SS-like immunoreactivity (LI) and GHRH/SS mRNA levels did not reveal any difference in 14-day-old hypothyroid rats when compared with age-matched controls. In contrast, 21-day-old hypothyroid rats had decreased GHRH-LI content and a striking rise in GHRH mRNA levels, whereas SS-LI content and SS gene expression remained unaltered. These data indicate that in infant hypothyroid rats, changes in the functional activity of the GHRH neuronal system occur later than changes in GH secretion and are probably dependent on the GH deficiency. The functional activity of SS neurons was apparently unaltered in these hypothyroid rats, pointing to a lesser sensitivity of this system to the perturbation of the pituitary-thyroid axis.
An automatic motion generation system for humanoid-like robot based on Interactive GA (2013)

In this paper, we propose an automatic motion generation system for a humanoid-like robot based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm(IGA). The proposed system can generate various movements for ten kinds of emotions, i.e., joy, anger, sadness, fear, shame, like, dislike, irritate, easy and surprise. Because of employment of IGA, users' burden is low. Laban features are also used for effective learning. We performed two kinds of evaluation experiments. One is evaluation of generated movements, second one concerns effectiveness of usage of Laban features. In addition, clustering analysis is carried out to find various findings for movements.
A study on the effects of crude Oil/Brine/Rock interaction on oil recovery during low saline waterflooding in a part of Geleki Oil Field of upper Assam basin (2014)

The extra oil recovery obtained when flooding a sandstone reservoir with low saline water is due to Low Sal Effect. The injected water must have lower salinity than the initial formation water to promote significant desorption of oil from the rock surface which is due to the wettability modification towards more water-wet conditions. Alteration of wettability is found to be an important parameter in changing the oil recovery efficiency during low saline waterflooding. Desorption of oil components in a low salinity environment makes the rock more water-wet which enhanced the oil productivity.
Oleh Hornykiewicz, a giant in the understanding and treatment of Parkinson disease (2021)

Oleh Hornykiewicz (November 17, 1926–May 26, 2020), by demonstrating the loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease, introducing the effort to treat the disorder with L-DOPA, and other innovative research, improved the lives of countless individuals and transformed neurology and medical science. Here we celebrate the life and great achievements of an outstanding scientist.
Incidental Tuberculosis in sudden, unexpected, and violent deaths in the community Lusaka, Zambia - A descriptive forensic post-mortem examination study (2022)

Incidental cases of active tuberculosis undiagnosed antemortem seen at forensic autopsy reflects major gaps in the national TB control programs. More investments into proactive screening, testing, treatment activities, and accurate data collection are required.
Assessment of the benefits of Orbeseal®, when used in combination with dry cow antibiotic therapy in three commercial dairy herds (2005)

An internal teat sealant containing bismuth subnitrate was used in combination with dry cow antibiotic therapy in a cow-level prospective case-control field trial in three herds with different dry cow management practices. Treated quarters (antibiotic+sealant) had a 59% lower odds of developing a new dry period infection at 1-3 days-in-milk (DIM) than control (antibiotic only) quarters (P&lt;0.001). Herd-level variation in new intramammary infection (IMI) and mastitis treatment rates during the first 100 DIM were observed. Greatest benefits from internal teat sealant use were documented in herds with the highest rates of new IMI during the dry period, and for environmental streptococci. Economic benefit accrued from differences in the timing of treatment for mastitis was estimated to be $5.38 per cow in the herd.
Comparison of indoor geolocation methods in DSSS and OFDM wireless LAN systems (2002)

Geolocation methods for HIPERLAN/2 OFDM systems were reported previously. This paper continues to study the possibility of overlaying geolocation functions in 802.11 DSSS wireless LANs. In this paper, a delay measurement-based TDOA measuring method is proposed for 802.11 wireless LANs, which eliminate the requirement of initial synchronization in the conventional methods. The performance of the potential overlaid geolocation systems for DSSS and OFDM wireless LANs are analyzed and compared in terms of symbol synchronization performance.
A form of motor cortical plasticity that correlates with recovery of function after brain injury (2006)

To investigate functional mechanisms underlying cortical motor plasticity in the intact and injured brain, we used "behaviorally relevant," long-duration intracortical microstimulation. We now report the existence of complex, multijoint movements revealed with a 500-msec duration intracortical stimulation in rat motor cortex. A consistent topographic distribution of these complex motor patterns is present across the motor cortex in naïve rats. We further document the plasticity of these complex movement patterns after focal cortical injury, with a significant expansion of specific complex movement representations in response to rehabilitative training after injury. Notably, the degree of functional recovery attained after cortical injury and rehabilitation correlates significantly with a specific feature of map reorganization, the ability to reexpress movement patterns disrupted by the initial injury. This evidence suggests the existence of complex movement representations in the rat motor cortex that exhibit plasticity after injury and rehabilitation, serving as a relevant predictor of functional recovery.
Identification of FAT3 as a new candidate gene for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (2022)

In an effort to identify rare alleles associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) whole-exome sequencing was performed on a discovery cohort of 73 unrelated patients and 70 age-and sex matched controls, all of French-Canadian ancestry. A collapsing gene burden test was performed to analyze rare protein-altering variants using case-control statistics. Since no single gene achieved statistical significance, targeted exon sequencing was performed for 24 genes with the smallest p values, in an independent replication cohort of unrelated severely affected females with AIS and sex-matched controls (N = 96 each). An excess of rare, potentially protein-altering variants was noted in one particular gene, FAT3, although it did not achieve statistical significance. Independently, we sequenced the exomes of all members of a rare multiplex family of three affected sisters and unaffected parents. All three sisters were compound heterozygous for two rare protein-altering variants in FAT3. The parents were single heterozygotes for each variant. The two variants in the family were also present in our discovery cohort. A second validation step was done, using another independent replication cohort of 258 unrelated AIS patients having reach their skeletal maturity and 143 healthy controls to genotype nine FAT3 gene variants, including the two variants previously identified in the multiplex family: p.L517S (rs139595720) and p.L4544F (rs187159256). Interestingly, two FAT3 variants, rs139595720 (genotype A/G) and rs80293525 (genotype C/T), were enriched in severe scoliosis cases (4.5% and 2.7% respectively) compared to milder cases (1.4% and 0.7%) and healthy controls (1.6% and 0.8%). Our results implicate FAT3 as a new candidate gene in the etiology of AIS.
Structural Studies of Two Tinuvin® P Analogs: 2-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole and 2-Phenyl-2H-benzotriazole (2007)

2-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (1) has been synthesized in a three step procedure starting from 2,4-dimethyl-N-(2-nitrophenyl)benzamide via a 5-(2,4- dimethylphenyl)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole intermediate. Its structure and those of Tinuvin P and 2-phenyl-2H-benzotriazole (5) have been studied by multinuclear NMR (1H-, 13C- and 15N-) in solution and in the solid state. X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and 5 allowed to us establish the molecular conformation around the single bond connecting the two aromatic systems, in agreement with the conclusions drawn from the NMR study. In the case of 1 ab initio geometry optimization was achieved at the Hartree-Fock HF/6- 31G** and DFT B3LYP/6-31G** levels.
A simple antiwindup method (1994)

This paper describes a method for antiwindup by resetting the integrator to a normal value whenever the control error crosses zero and the integrator has an unusually large value. The method is simple and efficient and easy to implement. It needs two design parameters, a normal integrator value and a windup limit, both of which are easily obtained. The values need not be known very precisely; in fact only crude approximations are required.
Accelerated development of aging‐associated and instability‐induced osteoarthritis in osteopontin‐deficient mice (2009)

OPN plays a pivotal role in the progression of both instability-induced and aging-associated spontaneous OA. OPN is a critical intrinsic regulator of cartilage degradation via its effects on MMP-13 expression and proteoglycan loss.
Growth hormone (GH) regulation of gastric structure and function in the GH-deficient rat: up-regulation of intrinsic factor (1992)

In a recent study we identified GH receptor/binding protein in cells of the gastric mucosa. In order to define the role of the GH receptor/binding protein in gastric function, we have investigated the effect of GH on gastric structure and function in the GH-deficient Lewis (dwarf) rat. Bovine GH, 65 micrograms/100 g body wt, was administered twice daily to adult male dwarf rats for 6 days (DW+) while control animals received vehicle only (DW-). Administration of GH produced a significant increase in body wt (P less than 0.001), stomach wt (P less than 0.01), and stomach to body wt ratio (P less than 0.05). GH administration also resulted in increased total gastric DNA, RNA, and protein content but did not produce significant differences in DNA, RNA, or protein content when normalized to stomach wt. Morphometric analysis of the gastric mucosa revealed a significantly (P less than 0.05) increased gastric epithelial height and mucosal surface area along with an increase in the proportion of nuclei with multiple nucleoli (P less than 0.01). The number of gastric mucosal cells in S-phase was determined by immunohistochemical detection of nuclear 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated during a 2 h pulse of BrdU. GH treatment resulted in a 74% increase (P less than 0.05) in the number of BrdU-labeled nuclei/mm2 mucosa relative to vehicle-injected control animals. A modification of Zimmerman's method for the differential staining of gastric mucosa was used to delineate cell type for morphometric analysis. This showed that the density of differentiated (parietal and chief) cell types was not significantly different between DW- and to DW+ animals. Soluble extracts of gastric mucosa were prepared for estimation of pepsinogen content and [57Co]cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) binding. GH administration produced no significant change in pepsinogen content per mg protein and did not affect the relative levels of pepsinogen isoenzymes as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. GH administration did however result in an 86% increase (P less than 0.01) in [57Co]cyanocobalamin binding per mg protein. The increase in binding was totally displaceable by 1 microgram/ml unlabeled cyanocobalamin but not by 1 microgram/ml cobinamide dicyanide indicating it was the result of increased intrinsic factor rather than R protein. Sephadex S-300 gel filtration of mucosal extracts revealed an elution profile for [57Co]cyanocobalamin identical to that of purified porcine intrinsic factor and different from that of human salivary R protein. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that GH stimulates proliferation and enlargement of the gastric mucosa without significant alteration in cellular composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fundamental rate-reliability-complexity limits in outage limited MIMO communications (2010)

The work establishes fundamental limits between rate, reliability and computational complexity, for the general setting of outage-limited MIMO communications. In the high-SNR regime, the limits are optimized over all encoders, all decoders, and all complexity regulating policies. The work then proceeds to explicitly identify encoder-decoder designs and policies, that meet this optimal tradeoff. In practice, the limits aim to meaningfully quantify different pertinent and interrelated measures, such as the optimal rate-reliability capabilities per unit complexity and power, the optimal diversity gains per complexity costs, or the optimal goodput per flop. Finally the tradeoff's simple nature, renders it useful for insightful comparison of the rate-reliability-complexity capabilities for different encoders-decoders.
Case Depth for Induction Hardened Slewing Bearing Rings (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper the strength of material based on the stressing in rolling contact is described. The investigations result in a guideline according to which the case depth of slewing bearing rings can be determined, if the load on the rolling elements, their size, and the number of load cycles are known. It is explained why the case depths should not be overdimensioned for manufacturing and strength reasons. Further discussions include the checking of the hardening, the influence of the soft section on the strength of the material, and the influence of the surrounding structure on the load distribution. An example illustrates that the stressing of the parts in rolling contact can be a multiple of the value calculated with a rigid structure if there are hard points in the surrounding structure.&lt;/div&gt;
High Energy Density Polyanion Electrode Material: LiVPO4O1–xFx (x ≈ 0.25) with Tavorite Structure (2017)

Polyanion compounds as an electrode material in lithium-ion battery are of great interest due to superior structural and thermal stability, but they have relatively low energy density. Here, we report high energy density electrode material, LiVPO4O1–xFx (x ≈ 0.25) with tavorite structure that is first synthesized by single-step solid-state reaction and that can use more than 1.6 electrons during charging/discharging process. The doping of F instead of O into LiVPO4O was confirmed with a structural solid-solution measured by neutron powder diffraction and with a mixed valence state of V measured by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The resulting material has distinct and beneficial electrochemical properties compared to both LiVPO4F and LiVPO4O. LiVPO4O0.75F0.25 has higher average operating voltage and better electrochemical activity than LiVPO4O and shows higher operating voltage (∼2.4 V) than LiVPO4F (∼1.8 V). As a result, LiVPO4O0.75F0.25 can achieve high specific capacity of 260 mA h/g in the voltage range from 2.0–4.8 V and thereby can deliver 820 W h/kg, which is relatively high energy density achieved in known polyanion compounds.
Performance of Reed-Solomon Coded Beamforming (2004)

edu Ahstract- In this paper, we study Reed-Solomon (RS) coded beamforming in multiple-inp ut-multiple-outp ut (MIMO) Rayleigh fading channels. To combat the fading, we introduce a block interleaver into RS-coded beamforming systems and we present the performance analysis of such systems. We show that the interleaver can greatly improve the performance of RS coded beamforming systems, especially in the systems with a small number of antennas. We also observe that the interleaver gain in a RS coded beamforming system vanishes as the number of antennas increases. We illustrate that the proposed approach has potential to evaluate the tradeoffs between spatial diversity and time diversity via symbol interleaving.
Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut (1999)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common in Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae. Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC beta-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC beta-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for testing. Eight (21.0%) of 38 labs failed to detect extended-spectrum cephalosporin or aztreonam resistance in any of the ESBL- or AmpC-producing isolates. Errors were encountered with both automated and disk diffusion methods. Conversely, seven (18.4%) labs categorized at least some of the four resistant isolates as potential ESBL producers and reported the results with the extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam as resistant as suggested by current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The percentage of laboratories that failed to detect resistance in the ESBL or AmpC isolates ranged from 23.7 to 31.6% depending on the type of enzyme present in the test organism. This survey suggests that many laboratories have difficulty detecting resistance in ESBL and AmpC-producing organisms and may be unaware of the NCCLS guidelines on modifying susceptibility testing reports for ESBL-producing strains.
Probability Theory and Statistics (2014)

In physical systems, inherent uncertainties and fluctuations often produce differing, unpredictable outcomes when a measurement is repeated. The likelihood of an outcome must then be described probabilistically. A multivariate probability distribution is specified by several random variables, such as the probability of simultaneously observing both rain and a temperature above 20. The outcomes of different physical systems often exhibit similar statistical properties described by certain frequently occurring probability distributions. The central limit theorem states that the distribution of the mean values of repeated sets of statistically independent trials approaches a Gaussian or normal distribution. In contrast with the direct problem of determining the probability distribution implied by a physical model, statistics addresses the inverse problem of determining the probability that a particular model reproduces a set of measurement data and then finding an exact or optimal approximate physical model for the data.
Targetable mechanisms driving immunoevasion of persistent senescent cells link chemotherapy-resistant cancer to aging (2019)

Cellular senescence is a tumor suppressive mechanism that can paradoxically contribute to aging pathologies. Despite evidence of immune clearance in mouse models, it is not known how senescent cells (SnCs) persist and accumulate with age or in tumors in individuals. Here, we identify cooperative mechanisms that orchestrate the immunoevasion and persistence of normal and cancer human SnCs through extracellular targeting of natural killer receptor signaling. Damaged SnCs avoid immune recognition through MMPs-dependent shedding of NKG2D-ligands reinforced via paracrine suppression of NKG2D receptor-mediated immunosurveillance. These coordinated immunoediting processes are evident in residual, drug-resistant tumors from cohorts of >700 prostate and breast cancer patients treated with senescence-inducing genotoxic chemotherapies. Unlike in mice, these reversible senescence-subversion mechanisms are independent of p53/p16 and exacerbated in oncogenic RAS-induced senescence. Critically, the p16INK4A tumor suppressor can disengage the senescence growth arrest from the damage-associated immune senescence program, which is manifest in benign nevi lesions where indolent SnCs accumulate over time and preserve a non-pro-inflammatory tissue microenvironment maintaining NKG2D-mediated immunosurveillance. Our study shows how subpopulations of SnCs elude immunosurveillance, and reveals secretome-targeted therapeutic strategies to selectively eliminate -and restore the clearance of- the detrimental SnCs that actively persist after chemotherapy and accumulate at sites of aging pathologies.
Full-wave approach for x-ray phase imaging (2013)

We present a rigorous forward model for phase imaging of a 3-D object illuminated by a cone-shaped x-ray beam. Our model is based on a full-wave approach valid under the first Rytov approximation, and thus can be used with large and thick objects, e.g., luggage and human patients. We unify light-matter interaction and free-space propagation into an integrated wave optics framework. Therefore, our model can accurately calculate x-ray phase images formed with sources of arbitrary shape, and it can be effectively incorporated into x-ray phase tomography as a forward model. Within the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-paraxial, full-wave model for X-ray phase imaging.
Experimentally Induced Alterations in Periapical Tissues of the Cat (1980)

Ten cats were immunized with subcutaneous injections of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). After it was determined that the experimental animals had developed circulating antibodies to KLH, challenge doses of KLH were administered via the root canal system. The radiographic and histologic findings suggest that antigen-antibody complex reactions can occur in periapical tissues of teeth, and that they can play a role in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. In contrast, no radiographic and histologic changes were noted in non-immunized cats.