gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The COVID States Project #38: Public perceptions of education during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021)

In our December 2020 survey wave, we included a series of questions aimed at assessing the state of opinion regarding these topics. Some key findings are:● Two thirds of respondents are at least somewhat concerned about the quality of the education they (if they are students) or their children (if they are parents) are receiving during the pandemic. This is true across partisan, racial, and income groups.● A majority of parents of K-12 students indicate that their children learned less than they would have without the pandemic, including pluralities of primary school (grades K-5) parents and majorities of parents of middle (grades 6-8) and high (grades 9-12) school-age children. This also includes, at minimum, substantial pluralities, and in most instances, majorities, across all demographic groups across all grade levels.● We find some evidence of a socio-economic divide, with wealthy Americans more likely than other income groups to believe their high school-age children are learning less during the pandemic than other income groups. But this pattern does not extend to younger children.The COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States 6● Sizeable majorities of respondents support prohibiting in-person classes for K-12 schools, while slightly smaller majorities support requiring students to take the COVID-19 vaccine prior to returning to the classroom. Support for the latter requirement increases with income.● Republicans are far less supportive than Democrats and Independents of either prohibiting in-person learning or requiring vaccines, while white respondents are less supportive than non-whites in both cases.● Majorities of respondents in 46 out of 50 states, plus the District of Columbia, support prohibiting in-person teaching in K-12 schools, while majorities in 35 states, plus the District of Columbia, support mandatory COVID-19 vaccines for children before they return to school. (It is important to note here that current vaccine efficacy clinical trials have not evaluated the safety or efficacy of such vaccines in individuals younger than 16 years old.)y.
Enhanced thermal stability of organic solar cells comprising ternary D-D-A bulk-heterojunctions (2017)

Abstract Ternary absorber blends have recently been identified as promising concepts to spectrally broaden the absorption of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells and hence to improve their power conversion efficiencies. In this work, we demonstrate that D-D-A ternary blends comprising two donor polymers and the acceptor PC 61 BM can also significantly enhance the thermal stability of the solar cell. Upon harsh thermal stress at 120 °C for 2 h, the ternary solar cells show only a minor relative deterioration of 10%. Whereas the polymer/fullerene blend PTB7-Th:PC 61 BM is rather unstable under these conditions, its degradation was efficiently suppressed by incorporating the near infrared-absorbing polymer PDTP–DFBT. Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigations and an effective medium analysis of the ternary absorber blend revealed that the domain conformation in presence of PDTP–DFBT remains stable whereas the domain conformation changes in its absence. The ternary PTB7-Th:PDTP–DFBT:PC 61 BM solar cells yield thermally stable power conversion efficiencies of up to 6%.
Two processes in the kinetics of short-range ordering and disordering in Cu-15 at% Al (1975)

Ordering and disordering to a short-range ordered (SRO) state was studied by suddenly changing the annealing temperature by 5 deg after establishment of equilibrium. The measurement of residual resistivity indicates the existence of two kinetic processes. This and an ordering rate, that is smaller than the disordering rate harmonize better with inhomogeneous SRO, than with homogeneous SRO, often assumed in α-CuAl. A quantitative comparison of experimental results with an inhomogeneous SRO-model is given. Die Ordnungseinstellung und Entordnung eines nahgeordneten Zustandes wurde studiert. Dabei wurde nach der Einstellung des Gleichgewichtes die Anlaßtemperatur plötzlich um 5 grad geändert. Die Messung des temperaturunabhängigen Anteiles des elektrischen Widerstandes weist auf die Existenz zweier kinetischer Vorgänge hin. Diese Tatsache und eine Ordnungsgeschwindigkeit, die langsamer ist als die Entordnungsgeschwindigkeit, lassen sich leichter mit einer inhomogenen Nahordnung interpretieren, als mit der in α-CuAl oft angenommenen homogenen Nahordnung. Ein inhomogenes Nahordnungsmodell wird quantitativ mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen.
Relationship between placental elastography, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain (2022)

Structural changes of the placenta detected via ultrasound elastography techniques are not exclusive to placental dysfunction conditions (pre-eclampsia and growth restriction) but are also associated with maternal obesity.
Evolution of communication in a community of robots (2006)

In existing works on evolution of communication, communication signs refer to objects. This is a principled limitation. This paper formulates mathematically the human ability for the development of two parallel hierarchies, the hierarchy of language and the cognitive hierarchy of objects and relationships. So that learning objects and relationships in the world is supported by language communication and vice versa.
Analytical spectral dependent partial least squares regression: a study of nuclear waste glass from thorium based fuel using LIBS (2015)

LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) for simultaneous multielement quantification of nuclear waste glass using a spectral modification based PLSR approach.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF PYRAN‐LACTONES RELATED TO NAPHTHOQUINONE ANTIBIOTICS (1984)

Abstract 2‐Brom‐benzylalkohol (I) reagiert mit Li und Acrolein (II) zu einem Alkohol (III), der in Gegenwart von PdCl 2 /CuCl, und CO zum Chlorid (IV) führt.
Investigation of Process Parameters and Characterization of Nanowire Anisotropic Conductive Film for Interconnection Applications (2014)

In this paper, the assessment of the electrical and mechanical performance of the Cu nanowire anisotropic conductive film (NW-ACF) flip-chip interconnects has been performed. The influence of bonding conditions (bonding temperature and bonding force) has been studied in order to understand their impact on bonding resistance and shear strength for two types of NW-ACF based on different templates with varying porosity and thickness. An overgrowth-stripping method has been employed to obtain uniform NW (200 and 220 nm) arrays in the track-etch polymer membranes. The bonding substrate was coated with indium so that a diffusion soldering between Cu NWs and bulk In film can occur at a relatively low eutectic point (156.6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> ). The bonding interface and the fractural surface of NW-ACFs have been characterized by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Under optimized fabrication conditions, process at the bonding profile of 200 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> , 20 N shows that the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$z$</tex></formula> -axis resistance can be below 1 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm m}\Omega$</tex></formula> and the shear strength can be above 10 MPa, which is very promising for the fine pitch, 3-D interconnection applications in the future.
Supplementary Table S6B from Trackable Intratumor Microdosing and Spatial Profiling Provide Early Insights into Activity of Investigational Agents in the Intact Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Enrichment analysis for genes Downregulated by Subasumstat&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of pressure-volume curves of leaves of Rosa hybrida cv. Sonia (1993)

International audience
CBioC: BEYOND A PROTOTYPE FOR COLLABORATIVE ANNOTATION OF MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS FROM THE LITERATURE (2007)

In molecular biology research, looking for information on a particular entity such as a gene or a protein may lead to thousands of articles, making it impossible for a researcher to individually read these articles and even just their abstracts. Thus, there is a need to curate the literature to get various nuggets of knowledge, such as an interaction between two proteins, and store them in a database. However the body of existing biomedical articles is growing at a very fast rate, making it impossible to curate them manually. An alternative approach of using computers for automatic extraction has problem with accuracy. We propose to leverage the advantages of both techniques, extracting binary relationships between biological entities automatically from the biomedical literature and providing a platform that allows community collaboration in the annotation of the extracted relationships. Thus, the community of researchers that writes and reads the biomedical texts can use the server for searching our database of extracted facts, and as an easy-to-use web platform to annotate facts relevant to them. We presented a preliminary prototype as a proof of concept earlier(1). This paper presents the working implementation available for download at http://www.cbioc.org as a browser-plug in for both Internet Explorer and FireFox. This current version has been available since June of 2006, and has over 160 registered users from around the world. Aside from its use as an annotation tool, data from CBioC has also been used in computational methods with encouraging results.
Fast feature selection using fractal dimension (2018)

Dimensionality curse and dimensionality reduction are two issues that have retained high interest for data mining, machine learning, multimedia indexing, and clustering. We present a fast, scalable algorithm to quickly select the most important attributes (dimensions) for a given set of n-dimensional vectors. In contrast to older methods, our method has the following desirable properties: (a) it does not do rotation of attributes, thus leading to easy interpretation of the resulting attributes; (b) it can spot attributes that have nonlinear correlations; (c) it requires a constant number of passes over the dataset; (d) it gives a good estimate on how many attributes we should keep. The idea is to use the ‘fractal’ dimension of a dataset as a good approximation of its intrinsic dimension, and to drop attributes that do not affect it. We applied our method on real and synthetic datasets, where it gave fast and good results.
Mechanism of Corrosion Mitigation of Post-Tensioned Tendons by Impregnation (2019)

Abstract Grouting deficiencies of post-tensioned tendons (PTT) have been associated with accelerated corrosion of the strands. A corrosion mitigation method by which a fluid is introduced via the interstitial spaces between the wires of a tendon’s strand has been recently used with promising results. Mechanistic experiments and multiphysics modeling simulation were used to examine the relative importance of alternative corrosion mitigating mechanisms, including oxygen transport limitation, cathodic and anodic inhibition, and ohmic resistance increase. Experimental results yielded a favorable prognosis that impregnating PTT would be successful in mitigating ongoing corrosion of steel strands. Both experiment and modeling pointed to a decrease of surface kinetics - lowered exchange current density for both anodic and cathodic reactions - as the likely main mitigation mechanism. Increasing grout resistivity and concentration polarization of the cathodic reaction did not seem to be dominant factors in mitigating corrosion.
Automatic per-segment analysis of myocardial perfusion MRI (2011)

Background We have previously proposed an automatic solution to calculate semi-quantitative measurbes of myocardial perfusion and to present them to the user as parametric maps. Such maps have high spatial resolution which can potentially be an advantage when evaluating small regions of myocardium. On the other hand, per-segment analyses potentially benefit from higher SNR and improved clarity of presentation.
Nonstationary composite image modeling and two-source coding (2003)

A second-generation coding algorithm based on a nonstationary composite model for images is presented. The authors consider as sources the gross information describing the underlying structure of the image, and its fine or textural information. Median and range filters are used to segment the image into homogeneous and transition regions. The mean value function in each of these regions is estimated to provide the gross information. Estimation in the transition regions is done by means of space-varying unbiased estimators based on Legendre orthogonal polynomials. The textural information is characterized by means of linear prediction with space-varying coefficients. Parametrizing these coefficients in terms of known basis makes possible a recursive solution of the prediction problem. The coding procedure is based on coding separately the gross and the textural information. Examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed coding procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GCSF Fused with NexP has Increased in vivo Half-life with Full Biological Activity (2012)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor or that serves as a major regulator of the development of neutrophils. NEUPOGEN® (Filgrastim), a recombinant methionyl human G-CSF injected daily, was launched in 1991 for the treatment of cancer therapy-induced neutropenia and associated infections. PEGylated version of its parent molecule NEUPOGEN® is called NEULASTA® (Pegfilgrastim), which is a long-acting formulation of NEUPOGEN®. Alteogen, Inc. has developed a novel long-acting technology for extending in vivo half-lives of biodrugs using NexP fusion carrier. A CHO cell-line which stably expresses the recombinant G-CSF/NexP fusion protein was developed and after cultivation of the cell in a 10L single-use bioreactor (CELL-tainer, CELLution Biotech BV, Netherlands), we purified G-CSF/NexP fusion proteins to more than 99% purity by three chromatography steps. Rodent studies indicated that the G-CSF fused to NexP showed an increased in vivo half-life and also the duration of the long-acting activity measered by granulocyte production was substantially increased compared to that of daily G-CSF. Toxicokinetic studies of G-CSF/NexP fusion protein in rodents were alto performed.
Efficient identification of fungal antimicrobial principles by tandem MS and NMR database (2019)

The continuous re-isolation of the known and non-applicable compounds that is time-consuming and wasting resources is still a critical problem in the discovery of bioactive entities from natural resources. To efficiently address the problem, high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-microfractionation (HPLC-DAD-microfractionation) guided by disk agar diffusion assay was developed, and the active compounds were further identified using the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based molecular networking. Of 150 fungal strains screened, the methanolic extracts of Phoma herbarum PPM7487, Cryptosporiopsis ericae PPM7405, and Albifimbria verrucaria PPM945 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans SC5314 and Cryptococcus neoformans H99 in the preliminary agar diffusion assay. The concept of OSMAC (one strain many compounds) was employed in the fungal cultures in order to enrich the diversity of the 2<sup>nd</sup> metabolites in this study. HPLC coupled with off-line bioactivity-directed profiling of the extracts enabled a precise localization of the compounds responsible for the conspicuous antimicrobial activity. The purified active compounds were identified based mainly on MS/MS database, and further supported by <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data compared to the literatures. In addition to nineteen known compounds, a new trichothecene derivative 1, namely trichoverrin D, was isolated and identified through this protocol. The antifungal activities of all the pure isolates were evaluated, and the structure activity relationships were also inferred. This report has demonstrated the combination of HPLC microfractination and MS/MS coupled by NMR spectral dereplication for speeding up the antimicrobial natural products discovery process.
Long-term reinfection of the human genome by endogenous retroviruses (2004)

Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) families are derived from their exogenous counterparts by means of a process of germ-line infection and proliferation within the host genome. Several families in the human and mouse genomes now consist of many hundreds of elements and, although several candidates have been proposed, the mechanism behind this proliferation has remained uncertain. To investigate this mechanism, we reconstructed the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes and the acquisition of stop codons during the evolution of the human ERV family HERV-K(HML2). We show that all genes, including the env gene, which is necessary only for movement between cells, have been under continuous purifying selection. This finding strongly suggests that the proliferation of this family has been almost entirely due to germ-line reinfection, rather than retrotransposition in cis or complementation in trans, and that an infectious pool of endogenous retroviruses has persisted within the primate lineage throughout the past 30 million years. Because many elements within this pool would have been unfixed, it is possible that the HERV-K(HML2) family still contains infectious elements at present, despite their apparent absence in the human genome sequence. Analysis of the env gene of eight other HERV families indicated that reinfection is likely to be the most common mechanism by which endogenous retroviruses proliferate in their hosts.
Spatio-temporal texture synthesis and image inpainting for video applications (2005)

In this paper we investigate the application of texture synthesis and image inpainting techniques for video applications. Working in the non-parametric framework, we use 3D patches for matching and copying. This ensures temporal continuity to some extent which is not possible to obtain by working with individual frames. Since, in present application, patches might contain arbitrary shaped and multiple disconnected holes, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and summed area table based sum of squared difference (SSD) calculation (S.L. Kilthau, et al, 2002) cannot be used. We propose a modification of above scheme which allows its use in present application. This results in significant gain of efficiency since search space is typically huge for video applications.
200‐GHz CMOS amplifier with 9‐dB noise figure for atmospheric remote sensing (2016)

The feasibility of using CMOS technology for RF amplification in atmospheric remote sensing receiver is studied. The design and measurement results of a 200‐GHz low‐noise amplifier which is fabricated using a 32‐nm SOI CMOS technology are presented. The 8‐stage amplifier in a common‐source configuration achieves a 9‐dB noise figure and 25‐dB gain with a power consumption of 33 mW.
Managing Phytophthora capsici Diseases on Vegetables (2019)

Phytophthora blight of vegetable crops is a serious disease that occurs throughout the eastern United States during wet weather. The causal agent is a water mold that survives for many years in soil. Five options to reduce the occurrence and severity of Phytophthora diseases on vegetables include water management, crop rotation, soil management, resistance (in pepper only), and fungicides. These practices should be combined wheneve possible for the best control. This information will help vegetable growers manage Phytophthora blight and will help Extension agents and crop consultants make management recommendations.
Using Transfer Learning for Automated Microbleed Segmentation (2022)

Abstract Introduction Cerebral microbleeds are small perivascular haemorrhages that can occur in both grey and white matter brain regions. Microbleeds are a marker of cerebrovascular pathology, and are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Microbleeds can be identified and manually segmented by expert radiologists and neurologists, usually from susceptibility-contrast MRI. The latter is hard to harmonize across scanners, while manual segmentation is laborious, time-consuming, and subject to inter- and intra-rater variabiltiy. Automated techniques so far have shown high accuracy at a neighborhood (“patch”) level at the expense of a high number of false positives voxel-wise lesions. We aimed to develop an automated, more precise microbleeds segmentation tool able to use standardizable MRI contrasts. Methods We first trained a ResNet50 network on another MRI segmentations task (cerberospinal fluid versus background segmentation) using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and T2* MRI. We then used transfer learning to train the network for the detection of microbleeds with the same contrasts. As a final step, we employed a combination of morphological operators and rules at the local lesion level to remove false positives. Manual segmentations of microbleeds from 78 participants were used to train and validate the system. We assessed the impact of patch size, freezing weights of the initial layers, mini-batch size, learning rate, as well as data augmentation on the performance of the Microbleed ResNet50 network. Results The proposed method achieved a high performance, with a patch-level sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99.57%, 99.16%, and 99.93%, respectively. At a per lesion level, sensitivity, precision, and Dice similarity index values were 89.1%, 20.1%, and 0.28 for cortical GM; 100%, 100%, and 1.0 for deep GM; and 91.1%, 44.3%, and 0.58 for WM, respectively. Discussion The proposed microbleed segmentation method is more suitable for the automated detection of microbleeds with high sensitivity.
Geometriediskrete Belastungsmessung an einem Grubberwerkzeug (2018)

Zur Validierung analytischer und numerischer Berechnungen von bodenmechanischen Vorgängen in der Landtechnik sind detaillierte Informationen aus Versuchen notwendig. Es wird ein neuartiger Messaufbau zur Erfassung von geometriediskreten Teilkräften an einem Grubberwerkzeug vorgestellt. Innerhalb von reproduzierbaren Versuchen in einer Bodenrinne wurden die Einflüsse der Prozessparameter Bearbeitungstiefe und Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die qualitativen und quantitativen Zusammenhänge der Prozessparameter auf Teil- und Gesamtkräfte am untersuchten Werkzeug. Zudem wird ein Ansatz zur Extrapolation der gemessenen Teillasten auf messtechnisch unerfasste Geometrieabschnitte des Messwerkzeugs vorgestellt und bewertet. Damit können Verläufe hoch und niedrig belasteter Geometrieabschnitte eines Grubberwerkzeugs deutlich detaillierter als bisher möglich beschrieben werden. Diese neuartigen Detailinformationen dienen der Validierung von Berechnungen und sind damit Grundlage für Untersuchungen zum Verschleiß oder zu Arbeitsprozessen.