gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effective dimension of the space of hidden units (1991)

The authors show how the effective number of parameters changes during backpropagation training by analyzing the eigenvalue spectra of the covariance matrix of hidden unit activations and of the matrix of weights between inputs and hidden units. They use the standard example of time series prediction of the sunspot series. The effective ranks of these matrices are equal to each other when a solution is reached. This effective dimension is also equal to the number of hidden units of the minimal network obtained with weight-elimination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tetramisole-Based Organocatalyst for the Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols (2006)

Several benzylic and allylic secondary alcohols (rac-3) could be resolved with selectivity factors up to 355 (s = 200 corresponds to 98% ee at 40% conversion) to the corresponding enantiomerically pure alcohols 3 and esters 4, employing commercially available tetramisole 1 or its derivative 2 (BTM - Benzotetramisole) with a catalyst loading between 4 mol% and 10 mol% at 0 °C in a reasonable timescale (1-48 h). Due to moisture sensitivity of the reaction mixture it was neces­sary to add Na2SO4 to give higher levels of conversion. The tetramisole derivative 2 could be easily synthesized from 2-chloro-benzothiazole and (S)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol in two steps (81% overall yield). This catalyst is somehow more active than 1 but gives the same high selectivity. This has been explained by the fewer steric hindrance (no hydrogen on the thiazole ring) and π-stacking of the benzene moiety.
Identification of natural allelic variants underlying nitrogen assimilation differences in a multiparent intercross yeast population (2015)

Most traits, including many oenological phenotypes, are complex and regulated by multiple interacting quantitative trait loci. The first step towards accurate models of trait variability, and a prerequisite for predicting and modulating them, is characterisation of the underlying genetic factors. In this context, nitrogen assimilation preferences during wine fermentation represent a complex trait of industrial interest. The nitrogen assimilation profile of each strain has a great importance on the fermentation kinetics, where low nitrogen concentrations in must can lead to sluggish or stuck fermentations, causing important economic losses. In order to identify allelic variants underlying nitrogen assimilation differences between the main representative S. cerevisiae strains, we performed QTL mapping and bulk segregant transcriptome analysis in 169 individuals from the multiparent SGRP-4X mapping population. For this, we estimated nitrogen consumption levels at the end of the fermentation process and performed QTL mapping utilizing nitrogen consumption levels for 14 amino acids and ammonium. Overall, we mapped 27 QTLs for the different nitrogen sources with a stringent LOD score above 8. Among these QTLs we have selected more than 10 candidate genes to validate through a reciprocal hemizygosity approach. In parallel, we also performed a transcriptome analysis on bulks of segregants with extreme nitrogen assimilation profiles for ammonium and glutamine consumption. Altogether, our results extend the currently known catalogue of natural variants underlying nitrogen assimilation differences, representing a useful tool to generate more efficient strains for the wine industry. (Texte intégral)
Fos is required for EGF stimulation of the gastrin promoter (1996)

Gastrin gene expression is regulated by developmental cues, pH, and inflammation. These processes are mediated by various extracellular ligands, e.g., growth factors, cytokines, and neuropeptides that also stimulate c-fos gene expression. Therefore, to determine whether Fos is required for stimulation of the gastrin promoter, a c-fos sense expression vector was coexpressed with a gastrin reporter construct in a GH4 rat pituitary cell line. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) transiently stimulate an increase in Fos protein that precedes stimulation of the gastrin promoter. However, the induction mediated by TNF-alpha was weaker than that mediated by EGF, indicating minimal overlap of the signaling pathways activated by EGF and TNF-alpha. Accordingly, overexpression of c-fos mRNA facilitated primarily EGF rather than TNF-alpha induction of the gastrin promoter. Expression of the c-fos gene in the absence of ligand did not stimulate the gastrin promoter. Thus c-fos gene expression is required but is not sufficient for induction of the gastrin promoter by EGF.
Design and Simulation of 6TSRAM Cell Architectures in 32nm Technology (2016)

A comparative study of various 6T SRAM cell layouts is presented at 32 nm, including four symmetric topologies. The comparison comprises two conventional cells, a thin cell, which is the current industry standard, and a recently proposed ultrathin cell. The evaluation is based on area efficiency, power dissipation and read/write delay, all of which are calculated with proper BSIM4 level simulations. The thin-cell appears to be the best topology in both power/delay performance and area.
Deep learning’s shallow gains: a comparative evaluation of algorithms for automatic music generation (2023)

Abstract Deep learning methods are recognised as state-of-the-art for many applications of machine learning. Recently, deep learning methods have emerged as a solution to the task of automatic music generation (AMG) using symbolic tokens in a target style, but their superiority over non-deep learning methods has not been demonstrated. Here, we conduct a listening study to comparatively evaluate several music generation systems along six musical dimensions: stylistic success, aesthetic pleasure, repetition or self-reference, melody, harmony, and rhythm. A range of models, both deep learning algorithms and other methods, are used to generate 30-s excerpts in the style of Classical string quartets and classical piano improvisations. Fifty participants with relatively high musical knowledge rate unlabelled samples of computer-generated and human-composed excerpts for the six musical dimensions. We use non-parametric Bayesian hypothesis testing to interpret the results, allowing the possibility of finding meaningful non -differences between systems’ performance. We find that the strongest deep learning method, a reimplemented version of Music Transformer, has equivalent performance to a non-deep learning method, MAIA Markov, demonstrating that to date, deep learning does not outperform other methods for AMG. We also find there still remains a significant gap between any algorithmic method and human-composed excerpts.
Cost Effective Dry Oxidation for Emitter Passivation: A Key Step for High Efficiency Screen Printed p-Type PERC Solar Cells (2013)

This work reports on the feasibility to implement a cost effective dry oxidation step in a Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) structure on p-type Cz Silicon substrates. PERC solar cells have been extensively investigated in the recent years for industrial implementation. One of the main challenges is to combine the integration of cost effective process steps while maintaining high cell efficiency. In our previous work, we introduced at imec the use of a thermal oxide below the front ARC and below the rear dielectric PECVD SiOx/SiNx stack for enhanced surface passivation. In this study, we demonstrate that a low thermal budget of 800oC coupled with a drastic reduction of oxidation time down to 15 min is sufficient for the growth of a high quality thermal oxide without adversely affecting the emitter properties. We show that the level of Dit at the silicon interface after oxidation is not determinant for the level of surface passivation but rather the hydrogenation provided by the SiNx after firing. We also show that the resulting SIMS emitter Phosphorous profiles after the low temperature oxidation maintain a surface concentration above 1×1020/cm3, which is fully compatible with screen printing technology. Assisted by the latest developments on commercial silver paste, this enables to contact homogeneous emitters up to 90 Ω/ with measured FF above 79% on the cell level after firing optimisation. All devices were fabricated on substrates area of 156 mm × 156 mm with a base resistivity of 2 Ohm.cm and a thickness of 170 μm. The PERC cells have front Ag screen printed contacts with a 3- busbar pattern, a thin thermal oxide on both sides with a rear PECVD SiOx/SiNx stack. Average conversion efficiency above 19.7% are achieved on such large area substrates. Several optimisation cycles have led to best cell efficiency of 20.1%.
Toward an Integrated and Realistic Interpretation of Continuous 4D Seismic Data for a CO2 EOR and Sequestration Project (2017)

Abstract In 2015, Saudi Aramco commenced its first carbon capture and sequestration project, with carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into a small area of a carbonate reservoir located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. To monitor the expansion of the CO2 plume, continuous 4D seismic data is being recorded at an average rate of one survey per month. The interpretability of data requires: (1) a high degree of repeatability, which has been achieved through dedicated acquisition and processing, (2) sufficient sensitivity of seismic data to injected CO2, (3) accurate characterization of reservoir heterogeneity, and (4) a fit-for-purpose workflow to interpret time-lapse seismic images. This paper focuses on the last three points. First, a rock physics model (RPM) is calibrated from available well data (well logs, fluid analysis), showing that CO2 injection causes a drop in both acoustic impedance and Poisson's ratio of 6% at the well log scale, leading to moderate seismic data sensitivity, and therefore, a priori challenging interpretation. Second, the RPM allows estimating changes in elastic parameters corresponding the CO2 saturation variations predicted at different calendar times by the history matched reservoir model. Synthetic seismic data is modeled, to which we add realistic seismic noise, directly derived from seismic monitoring data. A multivariate statistical model between 4D amplitude maps and CO2 concentration is calibrated. Finally, this model is used to produce maps of CO2 concentration as predicted by the seismic data. Uncertainty is propagated throughout this approach, which allows us to use statistical methods to highlight regions where a 4D signal is strong enough to produce a detectable response. Besides providing an integrated interpretation of 4D seismic, the proposed approach also quantifies the impact of seismic data uncertainty, providing a more realistic, and therefore, more useful interpretation.
Practical and Efficient Procedure for the In Situ Preparation of B-Alkoxyoxazaborolidines. Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones (2000)

A new method for the in situ elaboration of B-alkoxyoxazaborolidines is presented. Their use in the enantioselective reduction of prochiral aromatic ketones provides excellent chemical and optical yields of chiral alcohols.
Effects of proteinase-inhibitor binding on accessibility of exposed tyrosines. A photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor complexes with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and their zymogens (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of proteinase-inhibitor binding on accessibility of exposed tyrosines. A photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor complexes with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and their zymogensKarol A. Muszkat, Shulamith Weinstein, Igor Khait, and Micha VeredCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 16, 3775–3779Publication Date (Print):August 3, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00259a008https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00259a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MoS 2 as Cocatalyst for Improving Photocatalytic Performance of Bi 2 MoO 6 (2019)

Abstract Bi 2 MoO 6 is a bismuth‐based multi‐element photocatalyst with good visible light response due to its narrow band gap. However, its high photogenerated electron‐hole recombination rate limits its application as a photocatalyst. In this work, visible‐light‐driven MoS 2 /Bi 2 MoO 6 composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The composite containing 1% MoS 2 exhibited the best photodegradability and good cycling stability. The apparent reaction rate constant for the 1% MoS 2 decorated Bi 2 MoO 6 (0.03625) was about 2 times higher than that of pure Bi 2 MoO 6 (0.01913). As a non‐precious metal promoter, MoS 2 promoted the carrier‐separation efficiency and improved the absorption of visible light, which resulted in the enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the composite catalyst.
Summary of time-frequency algorithms for processing auditory evoked potentials (2001)

Adaptive filters are extremely useful for signal analysis. Using a time-frequency viewpoint, adaptive filters can be designed for the short-term spectral analysis of signals. In this study, time-varying adaptive filters developed from the short-term Fourier transform are used for estimation of auditory evoked potentials (AEP). Six methods using different noise definitions were investigated for time-varying class 1 Wiener filter design and their performance was compared. Conventional time-invariant one-dimensional Wiener estimation filters were also designed for comparison. It was found that the filter using the difference of two subgroups' average of post-stimulus recordings as noise gave the best result. Most time-varying Wiener filters perform better than the time-invariant ones designed using the same method.
Abstract 4300: Overexpression of PARP is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival in Middle Eastern breast cancer and its inhibition can be enhanced with embelin co-treatment (2019)

Patients with aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes usually don’t have favorable prognosis despite the improvement in treatment modalities. These cancers still remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in females. This has fostered a major effort to discover actionable molecular targets to treat these patients. Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) is one of these molecular targets that are under comprehensive investigation for treatment of such tumors. However, its role in the pathogenesis of BC from Middle Eastern ethnicity has not yet explored. Therefore, we examined the expression of PARP protein in a large cohort of over 1000 Middle Eastern BC cases by immunohistochemistry. Correlation with clinico-pathological parameters were performed. Nuclear PARP overexpression was observed in 44.7% of all BC cases and was significantly associated with aggressive clinico-pathological markers. Interestingly nuclear PARP overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. PARP overexpression was also directly associated with XIAP overexpression, with PARP and XIAP co-expression in 15.8% (159/1008) of our cases. We showed that combined inhibition of PARP by olaparib and XIAP by embelin significantly and synergistically inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in BC cell lines. Finally, co-treatment of olaparib and embelin regressed BC xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Our results revealed the role of PARP in Middle Eastern BC pathogenesis and prognosis. Furthermore, our data support the potential clinical development of combined inhibition of PARP and XIAP, which eventually could extend the utility of olaparib beyond BRCA deficient cancer.Citation Format: Maqbool Ahmed, Abdul K. Siraj, Poyil Pratheeshkumar, Sandeep Parvathareddy, Sasidharan Padmaja Divya, Fouad Al-Dayel, Asma Tulbah, Dahish Ajarim, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya. Overexpression of PARP is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival in Middle Eastern breast cancer and its inhibition can be enhanced with embelin co-treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4300.
Electrodeposited Au−Fe, Au−Ni, and Au−Co Alloy Nanoparticles from Aqueous Electrolytes (2002)

Au−Fe, Au−Ni, and Au−Co alloyed nanoparticles electrodeposited on an amorphous carbon electrode from aqueous electrolytes in overpotential and underpotential deposition regions of transition metals (Fe, Ni, Co) were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. From selected area electron diffraction patterns of the nanoparticles, it was proved that the Au−Fe, Au−Ni, and Au−Co nanoparticles were homogeneously alloyed, that is, the nanoparticles were alloyed solid solutions, and the composition of the alloyed nanoparticles was dependent on the electrodepositing potential. Multiply twinned particles (MTPs) in these alloyed particles were observed. The MTPs were suggested to be alloyed particles. It is proposed that due to the smaller radii of the deposited transition metal (Fe, Ni, Co) atoms mixed in the Au top-layer of the growing particles there is a stronger tendency for the alloyed particles to grow into larger MTPs that are more stable than Au MTPs of the same size at high negative potentials.
Effect of dielectric layer in ZnO/dielectric/Si layered structure on GSAW and HVPSAW propagation properties (2002)

The propagation characteristics of the GSAW and HVPSAW modes in ZnO/dielectric/Si layered structures were examined theoretically and experimentally. The dielectric layer effects on SAW propagation properties were examined by using SiO/sub 2/, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, and TiO/sub 2/ thin film layer. In case of ZnO/SiO/sub 2//Si structure, both GSAW and HVPSAW modes were observed experimentally. The HVPSAW mode velocity at kH/sub ZnO/=1.1 and kH(SiO/sub 2/)=0.02 was found at the value of 9,180 m/s. On the contrary, in ZnO/Si/sub 3/N/sub 4//Si and ZnO/TiO/sub 2//Si structures only GSAW modes were found.
Autoinducer 2: a concentration‐dependent signal for mutualistic bacterial biofilm growth (2006)

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD), a product of the LuxS enzyme in the catabolism of S-ribosylhomocysteine, spontaneously cyclizes to form autoinducer 2 (AI-2). AI-2 is proposed to be a universal signal molecule mediating interspecies communication among bacteria. We show that mutualistic and abundant biofilm growth in flowing saliva of two human oral commensal bacteria, Actinomyces naeslundii T14V and Streptococcus oralis 34, is dependent upon production of AI-2 by S. oralis 34. A luxS mutant of S. oralis 34 was constructed which did not produce AI-2. Unlike wild-type dual-species biofilms, A. naeslundii T14V and an S. oralis 34 luxS mutant did not exhibit mutualism and generated only sparse biofilms which contained a 10-fold lower biomass of each species. Restoration of AI-2 levels by genetic or chemical (synthetic AI-2 in the form of DPD) complementation re-established the mutualistic growth and high biomass characteristic for the wild-type dual-species biofilm. Furthermore, an optimal concentration of DPD was determined, above and below which biofilm formation was suppressed. The optimal concentration was 100-fold lower than the detection limit of the currently accepted AI-2 assay. Thus, AI-2 acts as an interspecies signal and its concentration is critical for mutualism between two species of oral bacteria grown under conditions that are representative of the human oral cavity.
Reliability of upper respiratory tract endoscopic grading in horses (2017)

Endoscopic evaluation of disorders of the structure and function
of the equine upper respiratory tract (URT) are typically assessed
through the use of ordinal grading systems described for each
individual condition. In order to effectively draw conclusions about
the presence and severity of any URT condition, it is important to
determine that grading systems can be used in a comparable way with
minimal variability.
The objective of the current study was to determine estimates
of intra- and interobserver reliability for identification and grading
of URT disorders during evaluation of resting and overground
endoscopic (OGE) videos of thoroughbred horses.
Resting and OGE URT videos for 43 thoroughbreds were
retrospectively chosen based on identification of common URT
disorders. The videos were randomly evaluated in duplicate by four
clinicians blinded to previous medical history and graded according to
previously defined scales. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability
were statistically evaluated.
Intraobserver agreement was perfect/nearly perfect for arytenoid
symmetry at exercise, epiglottic entrapment and epiglottic retroversion;
substantial for arytenoid asymmetry at rest, palatal dysfunction,
medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds, pharyngeal mucus and
epiglottic grade at exercise; and moderate for vocal fold collapse,
ventromedial luxation of the apex of the corniculate process of the
arytenoid (VLAC), nasopharyngeal collapse and epiglottic grade at
rest. Interobserver agreement was substantial for arytenoid symmetry
at exercise and palatal dysfunction; and moderate for arytenoid
asymmetry at rest, medial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds, VLAC
and epiglottic entrapment. It was only fair for vocal fold collapse,
epiglottic grade at exercise, epiglottic retroversion, pharyngeal mucus
and nasopharyngeal collapse; and was poor for epiglottic grade at rest.
The authors conclude that although clinicians are consistent in
the grading of most URT conditions, interobserver reliability could
be improved by clinician training and more defined grading systems,
especially for conditions of the epiglottis.