gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cigar Warnings: Proceed with Caution, 33 J. Marshall L. Rev. 521 (2000) (2000)

The glamorization of cigars throughout the 1990s fueled a sharp increase in cigar consumption in the United States.'This trend, which reversed a thirty-year decline in cigar smoking, has enticed many new smokers, including younger men, women and adolescents. 2While recent data indicates that cigar sales are flattening there are still more cigar smokers today than there were before the boom.'Furthermore, current data on youth use suggests cigars, along with other alternative tobacco products such as bidis, 4 have a strong foothold with middle and high school
Capacity improvement with a multihop access scheme in broadband CDMA cellular systems (2003)

Abstract The use of multihop connection, in which a station in between the mobile station and the base station performs hopping relay of the transmission, in CDMA cellular systems should expand the area coverage and reduce the transmitted power per hop. There is a possibility that interference power may be reduced and that system capacity may be enlarged by this approach. Depending on the method of application, however, the system capacity may be decreased due to the interference during hopping. In this study, a basic investigation of interference reduction by multihop connection is first presented. Then, a procedure for selection of the hop stations with a strong capability for reducing the interference power is proposed. Considering a multicellular environment with a CDMA (code division multiple access) cellular scheme, the characteristics of multihop connections are evaluated by computer simulation, assuming packet access. It is shown that multihop connection has the effect of improving system capacity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 17–24, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10185
Protein Kinase Cζ Mediates Insulin-induced Glucose Transport through Actin Remodeling in L6 Muscle Cells (2006)

Protein kinase C (PKC) zeta has been implicated in insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cell, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of PKCzeta on actin remodeling and glucose transport in differentiated rat L6 muscle cells expressing myc-tagged glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). On insulin stimulation, PKCzeta translocated from low-density microsomes to plasma membrane accompanied by increase in GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Z-scan confocal microscopy revealed a spatial colocalization of relocated PKCzeta with the small GTPase Rac-1, actin, and GLUT4 after insulin stimulation. The insulin-mediated colocalization, PKCzeta distribution, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake were inhibited by wortmannin and cell-permeable PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide. In stable transfected cells, overexpression of PKCzeta caused an insulin-like effect on actin remodeling accompanied by a 2.1-fold increase in GLUT4 translocation and 1.7-fold increase in glucose uptake in the absence of insulin. The effects of PKCzeta overexpression were abolished by cell-permeable PKCzeta pseudosubstrate peptide, but not wortmannin. Transient transfection of constitutively active Rac-1 recruited PKCzeta to new structures resembling actin remodeling, whereas dominant negative Rac-1 prevented the insulin-mediated PKCzeta translocation. Together, these results suggest that PKCzeta mediates insulin effect on glucose transport through actin remodeling in muscle cells.
Multi-resident AFS: an adventure in mass storage (1995)

The Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center has been working to integrate distributed file system technology with hierarchical mass storage. We produced a system utilizing the Andrew File System that can be interfaced to many mass storage systems. We retained the semantics of AFS and compatibility with standard clients and servers. The architecture has a logical separation between the facility that provides the user interface and access semantics and the management of the storage systems that contain user data. Support for file level replication is provided for high availability to data in a fashion that is transparent to users. This system is called Multi-Resident AFS.
Fast algorithm for computing spectral transforms of Boolean and multiple-valued functions on circuit representation (2004)

In this paper we present a fast algorithm for computing the value of a spectral transform of Boolean or multiple-valued functions for a given assignment of input variables. Our current implementation is for arithmetic transform, because our work is primarily aimed at optimizing the performance of probabilistic verification methods. However, the presented technique is equally applicable for other discrete transforms, e.g. Walsh or Reed-Muller transforms. Previous methods for computing spectral transforms used truth tables, sum-of-product expressions, or various derivatives of decision diagrams. They were fundamentally limited by the excessive memory requirements of these data structures. We present a new algorithm that partitions the computation of the spectral transform based on the dominator relations of the circuit graph representing the function to be transformed. As a result, the presented algorithm can handle larger functions than previously possible.
Theoretical Methods for Supramolecular Chemistry (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction A Survey of Theoretical Methods First-principles Methods The Supramolecular Approach and Total Interaction Energies The Time Dimension: Molecular Dynamics A Technical Note: Linear Scaling and Multiscale Modeling How to Make the Connection to Experiment? Standard Classification of Intermolecular Interactions A Complication: Cooperative Effects Distributed Multipoles and Polarizabilities Local Multipole Expansions in MD Simulations Qualitative Understanding and Decomposition Schemes Interaction Energy Decomposition A Core-electron Probe for Hydrogen Bond Interactions The SEN Approach to Hydrogen Bond Energies General Mechanism for a Static, Step-wise View on Host–Guest Recognition Template-free Pre-orientation Processes Rearrangement Reactions The Host-controlled Association Reaction The Transformation Step Inclusion of Environmental Effects General Aspects of Template Thermodynamics and Kinetics Conclusions and Perspective
A Locally Adaptive Phase Aberration Correction (LAPAC) Method for Synthetic Aperture Sequences (2018)

Phase aberration is a phenomenon caused by heterogeneity of the speed of sound in tissue, in which the actual speed of sound of the tissue is different than the assumed speed of sound used for beamforming. It reduces the quality and resolution of ultrasonic images and impairs clinical diagnostic capabilities. Although phase aberration correction (PAC) methods can reduce these detrimental effects, most practical implementations of PAC methods are based on the near field phase screen model, which have limited ability to represent the true aberration induced by inhomogeneous tissue. Accordingly, we propose a locally adaptive phase aberration correction (LAPAC) method that is applied through the use of synthetic aperture. The method is tested using full-wave simulations of models of human abdominal wall, experiments with tissue aberrators, and in vivo carotid images. LAPAC is compared with conventional phase aberration correction (cPAC) where aberration profiles are computed at a preselected depth and applied to the beamformer's time delays. For all experiments, LAPAC shows an average of 1 to 2 dB higher contrast than cPAC, and enhancements of 3 to 7 dB with respect to the uncorrected cases. We conclude that LAPAC may be a viable option to enhance ultrasound image quality images even in the presence of clinically relevant aberrating conditions.
Sapphire (2001)

Many concurrent garbage collection (GC) algorithms have been devised, but few have been implemented and evaluated, particularly for the Java programming language. Sapphire is an algorithm we have devised for concurrent copying GC. Sapphire stresses minimizing the amount of time any given application thread may need to block to support the collector. In particular, Sapphire is intended to work well in the presence of a large number of application threads, on small- to medium-scale shared memory multiprocessors. A specific problem that Sapphire addresses is not stopping all threads while thread stacks are adjusted to account for copied objects (in GC parlance, the “flip” to the new copies).
Survival of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) on Truvia and Other Sweeteners (2017)

The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a disease vector of mechanically transmitted pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. Opportunities for pathogen transmission can increase as fly longevity increases. Dietary preferences play an important role in insect longevity; therefore, we investigated house fly preferences, sucrose availability, and caloric constraints on house fly longevity. Experimental goals were: 1) to test the effects of calorie restriction on survival of house flies by manipulating concentrations of erythritol (low caloric content) and sucrose (high caloric content), and comparing commercial sweeteners of differing calorie content, 2) to identify house fly preferences for either erythritol or sucrose, and 3) to evaluate the insecticidal activity or toxicity of erythritol on house flies. Our data show that house flies may prefer high calorie options when given a choice and that house fly longevity likely increases as calorie content increases. Additionally, no significant differences in longevity were observed between the water only control (zero calories) and erythritol treatments. This suggests that decreased survival rates and death could be the result of starvation rather than insecticidal activity. This research furthers our understanding of house fly survival and sugar-feeding behavior.
Situation-Interpretation as a Key Enabler for Cost-Effective and Low-Risk Driver Assistance Systems with High Collision Mitigation Capabilities (2009)

In the area of safety-oriented driver assistance systems there is a trend to increase the accident mitigation capabilities by adding or strengthening autonomous system reactions. However, this also increases the potential for involuntary accidents in the case of malfunction. Due to product liability regulations these high risk functions require an increased development effort as well as more reliable sensor platforms, which drive up their costs. The accident mitigation capabilities of autonomously acting systems can also be achieved by an alternative strategy avoiding the high risk system reactions. The key is an early and reliable warning giving the driver time to react to the situation, combined with functions supporting the driver in his reactions, e.g. emergency braking. Early system reactions with low false activation rates can only be achieved by an advanced understanding of the traffic situation and an interpretation of the driver's actions in this context. To achieve this, the traditional approach of assessing the criticality of one potential collision object is extended towards observing and assessing multi-object scenarios. An analysis of accident statistics shows that in a high percentage of accidents the multi-object constellation provides additional information enabling early criticality assessments of the traffic situation. Using this information, the driver can be supported in an optimal way by an early, low-risk system reaction. This approach is the key for the vision safety for everybody, i.e. providing cost-effective collision mitigation functions with high collision mitigation capabilities to the mass market. The full text of this paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0153.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.
QSAR-3D/CoMFA em compostos imídicos com atividade antinociceptiva (2013)

3D-QSAR/CoMFA IN IMIDIC COMPOUNDS WITH ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY. Imide compounds have shown biological activity. These compounds can be easily synthesized with good yields. The objective of this paper was the rational planning of imides and sulfonamides with antinociceptive activity using the 3D-QSAR/CoMFA approach. The studies were performed using two data sets. The first set consisted of 39 cyclic imides while the second set consisted of 39 imides and 15 sulfonamides. The 3D-QSAR/ CoMFA models have shown that the steric effect is important for the antinociceptive activity of imide and sulphonamide compounds.
A Pediatric Case of a Foreign Body (Piece of Wooden Chopstick) Embedded in the Epipharynx after Piercing the Soft Palate (2017)

Injuries of the oral cavity and pharynx are fairly frequent in children, because they often play with foreign objects in their mouths. In most cases, the injury is superficial and heals without any complications. However, objects penetrating into deeper tissues may need to be surgically removed.
Data from Epigenetic States of Cells of Origin and Tumor Evolution Drive Tumor-Initiating Cell Phenotype and Tumor Heterogeneity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A central confounding factor in the development of targeted therapies is tumor cell heterogeneity, particularly in tumor-initiating cells (TIC), within clinically identical tumors. Here, we show how activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway in neural stem and progenitor cells creates a foundation for tumor cell evolution to heterogeneous states that are histologically indistinguishable but molecularly distinct. In spontaneous medulloblastomas that arise in &lt;i&gt;Patched (Ptch&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;+/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice, we identified three distinct tumor subtypes. Through cell type–specific activation of the SHH pathway &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, we determined that different cells of origin evolved in unique ways to generate these subtypes. Moreover, TICs in each subtype had distinct molecular and cellular phenotypes. At the bulk tumor level, the three tumor subtypes could be distinguished by a 465-gene signature and by differential activation levels of the ERK and AKT pathways. Notably, TICs from different subtypes were differentially sensitive to SHH or AKT pathway inhibitors, highlighting new mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. In summary, our results show how evolutionary processes act on distinct cells of origin to contribute to tumoral heterogeneity, at both bulk tumor and TIC levels. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(17); 4864–74. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Copper Catalysts. A One Step Synthesis of Bicyclic Ethers Starting from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CACHE SERVER FOR DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS ADAPTED TO MULTICORE SYSTEMS (2011)

The Internet is the largest platform for application delivery today, but building scalable Web applications for the global audience is hard. The problem of satisfying the constraints of starting small to minimize initial investments but also adopting an architecture with the potential to allow future growth in the number of users and the complexity of the service does not have an immediately obvious or boiler-plate solution. This dissertation investigates the described problem and proposes solutions which are based on data partitioning techniques, with the focus on introduction of a new cache server designed for modern multi-core CPUs, offering an expanded metadata model for cached records. In order to make use of the new cache server, it also proposes new Web application patterns. The dissertation contains an analysis and evaluation of the introduced models and a comparison with previously available solutions.
Inhibitors of 17&#946;-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases (2003)

The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) play an important role in the regulation of steroid hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, by catalysing the reduction of 17-ketosteroids or the oxidation of 17beta-hydroxysteroids using NAD(P)H or NAD(P)(+) as cofactor. The enzyme activities associated with the different 17beta-HSD isoforms are widespread in human tissues, not only in classic steroidogenic tissues, such as the testis, ovary, and placenta, but also in a large series of peripheral intracrine tissues. In the nineties, several new types of 17beta-HSD were reported, indicating that a fine regulation is carried out. More importantly, each type of 17beta-HSD has a selective substrate affinity, directional (reductive or oxidative) activity in intact cells, and a particular tissue distribution. These findings are important for understanding the mode of action of the 17beta-HSD family. From a therapeutic point of view, this means that selectivity of drug action could be achieved by targeting a particular 17beta-HSD isozyme. Consequently, each study that leads to better knowledge of the inhibition of 17beta-HSDs deserves attention from scientists working in this and related fields. Being involved in the last step of the biosynthesis of sex steroids from cholesterol, the 17beta-HSD family constitutes an interesting target for controlling the concentration of estrogens and androgens. Thus, inhibitors of 17beta-HSDs are useful tools to elucidate the role of these enzymes in particular biological systems or for a therapeutic purpose, especially to block the formation of active hydroxysteroids that stimulate estrogeno-sensitive pathologies (breast, ovarian, and endometrium cancers) and androgeno-sensitive pathologies (prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, acne, hirsutism, etc). Few review articles have however focussed on 17beta-HSD inhibitors although this family of steroidogenic enzymes includes interesting therapeutic targets for the control of several diseases. Furthermore, inhibitors of 17beta-HSDs constitute a growing field in biomedical research and there is a need for an exhaustive review on this topic. In addition to giving an up-to-date description of inhibitors of all 17beta-HSD isoforms (types 1-8), the present review will also address, when possible, the isoform selectivity and residual estrogenic or androgenic activity often associated with steroidal inhibitors.
Studies on the Antidote, Octamethylenediamine (OM), as Foliar Application Type (1979)

OMの水耕処理効果, α,ω-diaminoalkanes (DA) の茎葉処理による薬害軽減効果とクチンの化学構造, DAの分子サイズやlog Pとの関連性などを検討し, OMによる薬害軽減の作用機構を想定した。(1) OMの水耕処理ではCDによるコムギの薬害を軽減できないこと, ワタの diuron に対する耐性を増大できないことが認められた。(2) DAによるCDのコムギ薬害軽減効果やダイコンに対する耐寒性効果とDAの分子サイズやlog Pとの間に緊密な関連のあることが示唆された。(3) クチンに係わる化学構造, 構成成分, 生合成経路から, クチンは octamethylene 単位の空隙を有し, これにOMが挿入することで薬害が軽減されるものと想定された。
Improving the Efficiency and Efficacy of Glibenclamide in Limiting Progressive Hemorrhagic Necrosis Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Abstract : Preclinical work has demonstrated that glibenclamide administration improves outcomes in rat models of spinal cord injury, with the principal mechanism of action being amelioration of post-traumatic hemorrhagic necrosis (PHN). We hypothesize that some but not all patients with spinal cord injury, principally those with incomplete lesions, will respond to glibenclamide therapy. Our goal is to determine whether MRI and circulating biomarkers can be used as early markers of injury that can be used to predict which patients may benefit from glibenclamide treatment. During the first year of this grant acute MRI images (6 and 24 hours post-injury) were collected from (n=36) rats subject to spinal contusion injury. Both the severity and location of injury were changed to create six different experimental groups: (1) Midline (M) severe (50mm); (2) M moderate (25mm); (3) M light (12.5 mm); (4) Lateral (L) severe (50 mm); (5) L moderate (25 mm) and (6) L light (12.5 mm). Preliminary analyses of these data revel that injury location and severity affect the rate and magnitude of secondary hemorrhage. In year 2, we compared the efficacy of glibenclamide in the two most consistent injury models (i.e., groups 2 vs. 5; moderate midline vs. lateral SCI). Data from these studies were recently published and indicate that glibenclamide is beneficial in both models of cervical SCI; however, the magnitude of benefit was greatest wen the magnitude and extent of primary hemorrhage was limited during the first 24h (i.e., moderate lateral SCI).
Burstiness-class based queuing in ATM networks supporting delay QoS bounds (2002)

We propose a burstiness-class-based queuing (B-CBQ) scheme where connections are allocated to their classes based on a "burstiness" parameter derived from the leaky bucket source specifications. We derive delay bounds for burstiness-classes on per-switch and end-to-end basis. An optimization problem is defined and solved to find the optimal number of classes in order to minimize the delay bound through a switch for a connection admitted to the lowest burstiness-class. Finally, some simulation results are provided to illustrate the behavior of a B-CBQ switch.
Polymer-Controlled Crystallization of Molybdenum Oxides from Peroxomolybdates: Structural Diversity and Application to Catalytic Epoxidation (2008)

The influence of polyoxyethylene-containing polymers on the crystal structure and habit of molybdenum-oxide-based products crystallized from peroxomolybdate solutions was investigated. Polyoxyethylene homopolymers of various molar masses were compared with a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether and a triblock copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polypropylene. Conventional hydrothermal synthesis at temperatures between 70 and 180 °C was compared with an ultrasonic pathway at 70 °C. The structure of the products was investigated by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Different crystal phases were obtained depending on the polymer concentration and the preparation methods. At 70 °C, a compound with tentative formula MoO3−x(O2)x·nH2O (n ≈ 1), showing X-ray diffraction patterns matching those of triclinic monohydrate molybdenum trioxide, was the product found in the absence of any polymer. However, small concentrations of any polyoxyethylene-containing polymer led to a monoclinic hemihydrate phase under the same conditions and temperature. At temperatures above 90 °C, the patterns of the resulting products could be indexed according to orthorhombic anhydrous MoO3, although the blue color of certain samples indicated an oxygen deficiency. At high polymer concentrations and temperatures under 90 °C, the material crystallized in an unusual primitive cubic structure, independent of the exact type of polyoxyethylene polymer used, with a very large cubic lattice constant of ∼5 nm. However, the molar mass and the structure of the polymer do influence the lattice constants of the final crystal leading to a slight decrease with increasing molar mass. At high polymer concentrations and 180 °C, the product was identified as MoO2. The polymer acts not only as a structure-directing agent but also as a mild reducing agent, as judged from the nontrivial redox behavior of the molybdenum ions when the crystallization occurs in the presence of polymer. The excellent catalytic properties of representative types of the synthesized materials were demonstrated for the epoxidation of cyclohexene and cyclooctene by tert-butyl hydroperoxide.