gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Parallel Pseudorandom Number Generation (1988)

We present a parallel algorithm for pseudorandom number generation. Given a seed of $n^\varepsilon $ truly random bits for any $\varepsilon > 0$, our algorithm generates $n^c $ pseudorandom bits for any $c > 1$. This takes poly-log time using $n^{\varepsilon '} $ processors where $\varepsilon ' = k\varepsilon $ for some fixed small constant $k > 1$. We show that the pseudorandom bits output by our algorithm cannot be distinguished from truly random bits in parallel poly-log time using a polynomial number of processors with probability $\frac{1}{2} + {1 / {n^{O(1)} }}$ if the Multiplicative Inverse Problem almost always cannot be solved in ${\bf RNC}$. The proof is interesting and is quite different from previous proofs for sequential pseudorandom number generators. Our generator is fast and its output is provably as effective for ${\bf RNC}$ algorithms as truly random bits. Our generator passes all the statistical tests in Knuth [14]. Moreover, the existence of our generator has a number of central consequences for complexity theory. Given a randomized parallel algorithm $\mathcal{A}$ (over a wide class of machine models such as parallel RAMs and fixed connection networks) with time bound $T(n)$ and processor bound $P(n)$, we show that $\mathcal{A}$ can be simulated by a parallel algorithm with time bound $T(n) + O((\log n)(\log \log n))$, processor bound $P(n)n^{\varepsilon '} $, and only using $n^\varepsilon $ truly random bits for any $\varepsilon > 0$. Also, we show that if the Multiplicative Inverse Problem is almost always not in ${\bf RNC}$, the ${\bf RNC}$ is within the class of languages accepted by uniform poly-log depth circuits with unbounded fan-in and strictly subexponential size $ \cap _{\varepsilon > 0} 2^{n^\varepsilon } $ .
Inversion formula and range conditions for a vector multi-interval finite Hilbert transform in $L^2$ (2018)

Given $n$ disjoint intervals $I_j$, on $\mathbb R$ together with $n$ functions $ψ_j\in L^2(I_j)$, $j=1,\dots n$, and an $n\times n$ matrix $Θ$, the problem is to find an $L^2$ solution $\vec φ= {\rm Col} (φ_1,\dots, φ_n)$, $φ_j \in L^2(I_j)$ to the linear system $χΘ\mathcal H \vec φ= \vecψ$, where $\mathcal H = {\rm diag} (\mathcal H_1 ,\dots, \mathcal H_n)$ is a matrix of finite Hilbert transforms and $χ=\text{diag}(χ_1,\dots,χ_n)$ is a matrix of the corresponding characteristic functions on $I_j$, and $\vec ψ={\rm Col} (ψ_1,\dots,ψ_n)$. Since we can interpret $χΘ\mathcal H \vec φ$ as a generalized vector multi-interval finite Hilbert transform, we call the formula for the solution as "the inversion formula" and the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution as the "range conditions". In this paper we derive the explicit inversion formula and the range conditions in two specific cases: a) the matrix $Θ$ is symmetric and positive definite, and; b) all the entries of $Θ$ are equal to one. We also prove the uniqueness of solution, that is, that our transform is injective. When the matrix $Θ$ is positive definite, the inversion formula is given in terms of the solution of the associated matrix Riemann-Hilbert Problem. We also discuss other cases of the matrix $Θ$.
Effect of CsF-concentration on Electrolytic Conductivity, Viscosity, and Anode Reaction of Nickel Electrode in (CH3)3N-CsF-HF System at Room Temperature (2009)

In order to improve the curent efficiency for perfluorotrimethylamine, (CF3)3N, formation using the Ni anode, the mixed melts of (CH3)3N·mHF+CsF·2.3HF were used as an electrolyte at a room temperature. The electrolytic conductivity of the mixed melt decreased with an increase in the CsF-concentration, whereas the viscosity of the mixed melt increased with increasing the CsF-concentration. XRD analysis revealed that CsNi2F6 was present in the oxidized layer formed on the Ni anode in the mixed melts. The gas evolved at the Ni anode in the mixed melt of (CH3)3N·5.0HF and CsF·2.3HF was composed of (CF3)3N, (CF3)2CHF2N, CF3(CHF2)2N, (CHF2)3N, CF4, NF3, CHF3, C2HF5, and C2F6. The best ratio of (CF3)3N to total anode gas was obtained in electrolysis of (CH3)3N·5.0HF + 50 wt.% CsF·2.3HF mixed melt at 20 mA cm−2 and its value was 52.11%.
The oral bioavailability of curcumin from micronized powder and liquid micelles is significantly increased in healthy humans and differs between sexes (2014)

Both, the micronized powder and in particular the liquid micellar formulation of curcumin significantly improved its oral bioavailability without altering safety parameters and may thus be ideally suited to deliver curcumin in human intervention trials. The observed sex differences in curcumin absorption warrant further investigation.
Eco-Efficient Method for the Dissolution Enhancement of Heavy Crude Oil Using Ionic Liquids (2015)

Abstract The upstream petroleum industry faces operational and technical challenges due to the production of crude oil containing waxes, asphaltenes and aromatic compounds and also due to the formation of gas hydrates resulting in their deposition in the surface and production equipments and in offshore pipelines affecting the safer operations, in turn resulting in huge production losses, and threatening the environment. It is also estimated that, all over the globe there are more than double the times of reserves of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil than the lighter one. As the world's demand for light crude oil continues to increase tremendously, the supplies of these easily extractable crude oil continues to decrease although efforts have already been made to extract the heavy and extra-heavy oil that was previously considered uneconomical to produce and process. The main aim of this investigation is to finding greener-environmentally friendly methods for oil and gas industries, such as the use of aromatic and aliphatic based ionic liquids for the efficient dissolution of tank-bottom sludge, heavy crude oil and pipeline wax deposition. Ionic liquids, therefore, have a tremendous scope in the application of oil recovery by assisting in recovering valuable crude oil from the oily sludge which is otherwise lost due to dumping and burning. Moreover, the ionic liquids used could be recovered and can be recycled and reused several times. The enhancement in the solubility of heavy crude oil in solvent and ionic liquids mixture is investigated using UV-Visible, FT-IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. It is observed that, the dissolution of heavy crude oil is more in the solution with ionic liquid than with the solvent alone. Solubility of heavy crude oil in the presence of studied ionic liquids and in the studied solvents increases about 65 %, when compared with the solutions of heavy crude oil in solvents without ionic liquids. The application of this method could also helps in the highly essential enhanced oil recovery industry.
Local Learning for Mining Outlier Subgraphs from Network Datasets (2014)

In the real world, various systems can be modeled using entity-relationship graphs. Given such a graph, one may be interested in identifying suspicious or anomalous subgraphs. Specifically, a user may want to identify suspicious subgraphs matching a query template. A subgraph can be defined as anomalous based on the connectivity structure within itself as well as with its neighborhood. For example for a co-authorship network, given a subgraph containing three authors, one expects all three authors to be say data mining authors. Also, one expects the neighborhood to mostly consist of data mining authors. But a 3-author clique of data mining authors with all theory authors in the neighborhood clearly seems interesting. Similarly, having one of the authors in the clique as a theory author when all other authors (both in the clique and neighborhood) are data mining authors, is also suspicious. Thus, existence of low-probability links and absence of high-probability links can be a good indicator of subgraph outlierness. The probability of an edge can in turn be modeled based on the weighted similarity between the attribute values of the nodes linked by the edge. We claim that the attribute weights must be learned locally for accurate link existence probability computations. In this paper, we design a system that finds subgraph outliers given a graph and a query by modeling the problem as a linear optimization. Experimental results on several synthetic and real datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in computing interesting outliers.
Glycosylation Using a One-Electron-Transfer Homogeneous Reagent: A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of β-Linked Disaccharides (1990)

Variously substituted S-glycosides react in acetonitrile with the primary or secondary hydroxy group of O-glycosides in the presence of tris (4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate, a stable and commerically available radical cation, to give the corresponding β-O-linked disaccharides in high yield.
First regiospecific synthesis of 6A,6C,6E-Tri-O-methylcyclo-maltohexaose (1989)

International audience
Olefin complexes of gold(I) by carbonyl displacement from carbonylgold(I) chloride (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlefin complexes of gold(I) by carbonyl displacement from carbonylgold(I) chlorideDaniela. Belli Dell'Amico, Fausto. Calderazzo, Robert. Dantona, Joachim. Straehle, and Herbert. WeissCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 6, 1207–1210Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00149a014https://doi.org/10.1021/om00149a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Green Tea Extract and Catechin Ameliorate Chronic Fatigue-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice (2005)

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear, but a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE) and catechin in the mouse model of CFS. Animals were subjected to a forced swimming test session of 6 minutes every day for 7 days; a significant increase in immobility time on successive days represented the CFS in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that the chronic swim test significantly increased lipid peroxidation levels and decreased glutathione levels in mouse whole-brain homogenate. Treatment with GTE (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and catechin (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days reversed the increase in immobility time. Protection was correlated with the lowered levels of lipid peroxidation and restoration of reduced glutathione levels in the brains of fatigued mice. These findings strongly suggest the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CFS and that GTE and catechin could be used as potential agents in the management of CFS and warrant the inclusion of GTE and catechin in the treatment regimen of CFS patients.
Tra formale e informale: il blog come mediatore (2019)

L’individuazione di modalità che raccordino l’apprendimento formale con quello informale è un problema ancora aperto. Da questo punto di vista, la natura ibrida del blog, che media tra modalità tecnologicamente innovative e approcci tradizionali, offre possibilità ancora non pienamente valorizzate legate alla costruzione dell’identità tramite strategie narrative. Alcuni usi didattici del blog, ad esempio come knowledge management o come portfolio, sottolineano il legame tra formale e informale.
Quantitative absorption imaging: The role of incoherent multiple scattering in the saturating regime (2022)

In this paper, we study the modification of coherent scattering processes in dense ensembles. Using absorption imaging, we experimentally demonstrate that the absorption cross section in dense $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ cold atom ensembles is reduced, with respect to the single-particle response. This reduction is linearly dependent on the optical density and well reproduced by a one-dimensional model of coherent field propagation in an ensemble of quantum two-level systems that self-consistently incorporates multiple scattering contribution. Our model shines light upon the key role of incoherent scattering on the modification of the optical response of dense ensembles and leads to a generalization of the Beer-Lambert law. Our result applies to any effective two-level system ensemble and allows for quantitative and absolute in situ absorption imaging.
Terpene synthases are widely distributed in bacteria (2014)

Odoriferous terpene metabolites of bacterial origin have been known for many years. In genome-sequenced Streptomycetaceae microorganisms, the vast majority produces the degraded sesquiterpene alcohol geosmin. Two minor groups of bacteria do not produce geosmin, with one of these groups instead producing other sesquiterpene alcohols, whereas members of the remaining group do not produce any detectable terpenoid metabolites. Because bacterial terpene synthases typically show no significant overall sequence similarity to any other known fungal or plant terpene synthases and usually exhibit relatively low levels of mutual sequence similarity with other bacterial synthases, simple correlation of protein sequence data with the structure of the cyclized terpene product has been precluded. We have previously described a powerful search method based on the use of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and protein families database (Pfam) search that has allowed the discovery of monoterpene synthases of bacterial origin. Using an enhanced set of HMM parameters generated using a training set of 140 previously identified bacterial terpene synthase sequences, a Pfam search of 8,759,463 predicted bacterial proteins from public databases and in-house draft genome data has now revealed 262 presumptive terpene synthases. The biochemical function of a considerable number of these presumptive terpene synthase genes could be determined by expression in a specially engineered heterologous Streptomyces host and spectroscopic identification of the resulting terpene products. In addition to a wide variety of terpenes that had been previously reported from fungal or plant sources, we have isolated and determined the complete structures of 13 previously unidentified cyclic sesquiterpenes and diterpenes.
Measurement of fluid‐shear rate by fourier‐encoded velocity imaging (1995)

A new technique for estimating the blood fluid shear rate at the vessel wall is presented. The technique uses Fourier-encoded velocity imaging to determine the velocity distribution within a spatial element (voxel) that straddles the blood-vessel wall interface. By appropriate processing, the velocity distribution (1) can determine the location of the wall-blood interface within the voxel and (2) estimate the velocity profile across the spatial extent of the voxel. From this information, accurate estimates of fluid shear rate may be obtained. Simulations are presented to illustrate this technique and to show the effects of various error sources, including differences in proton densities between blood and wall tissues and flow-related signal changes. Experimental evidence obtained for steady flow in straight tubes is also presented in support of the technique. The mean error in the experimental shear rate estimates found using the proposed technique was -15%. This represents a significant improvement over estimates obtained by extrapolation of the velocity profile over multiple voxels (mean error of -73%).
Thin film layered electrode for 2 GHz band cellular base station (2003)

A novel low loss technology of thin film layered electrode and its application to dielectric filter in 2 GHz band is described. We confirmed that the surface resistance of thin film layered electrode is reduced in proportion to the approximately square root of the number of conductor layers, compared to a bulk metal.
Validating an Academic Group Tutorial Discussion Speaking Test (2016)

&lt;p&gt;This study attempts to validate an academic group tutorial discussion speaking test for undergraduate freshmen students taking initial EAP training at a university in Hong Kong in terms of task, rater and criterion validity. Three quantitative measures (Cronbach’s Alpha, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and Exploratory Factor Analysis) are used to assess validity of rater scores for the test using a rubric with considerations for assessment of academic stance presentation, inter-candidate interaction, and individual language proficiency. These results are triangulated with post-hoc interview data from the raters regarding the difficulties they face assessing individual proficiency and group interaction over time. The results suggest that current provisions of the rubric in dealing with the assessment of interaction in group settings (namely visual cues such as “active listening” as well as provisions for interruptions in the form of “domination”) are problematic, and that raters are unable to separate the grading of academic stance from the grading of language concerns. We also note affective and cognitive difficulties involved with assessing extended periods of interactional discourse including student talking time (or lack of it), the group dynamic, and raters” personal beliefs and practice as threats to validity that the statistical measurements were unable to capture. A new sample rubric and further suggestions for improving the validity of group tutorial assessments are provided.&lt;/p&gt;
Large Gate Leakage Current in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2002)

A large gate leakage current in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) was observed. Temperature dependence of Ig-Vg characteristics revealed that tunneling current is dominant in the leakage current. By introducing ECR plasma treatment before the gate metal deposition, the gate leakage current was reduced by two to three orders of magnitude.
Pupil size reflects successful encoding and recall of memory in humans (2018)

Abstract Pupil responses are known to indicate brain processes involved in perception, attention and decision-making. They can provide an accessible biomarker of human memory performance and cognitive states in general. Here we investigated changes in the pupil size during encoding and recall of word lists. Consistent patterns in the pupil response were found across and within distinct phases of the free recall task. The pupil was most constricted in the initial fixation phase and was gradually more dilated through the subsequent encoding, distractor and recall phases of the task, as the word items were maintained in memory. Within the final recall phase, retrieving memory for individual words was associated with pupil dilation in absence of visual stimulation. Words that were successfully recalled showed significant differences in pupil response during their encoding compared to those that were forgotten – the pupil was more constricted before and more dilated after the onset of word presentation. Our results suggest pupil size as a potential biomarker for probing and modulation of memory processing.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Trailing Edge Bleeding on the Aerodynamics of a NGV Cascade (2009)

A series of tests on a specific designed linear nozzle guide vane (NGV) cascade with trailing edge coolant ejection was carried out to investigate the influence of the trailing edge bleeding (TEB) on the loss behaviour of the profile. Wake traverses with a five-hole probe and measurements of the pressure distribution on the profile were taken varying the ejection rate under reference main flow conditions, namely Re2th = 1.056·106 and Ma2th = 0.8 (Re2th based on the true chord). Wake total pressure losses and isentropic Mach number distributions on the profile were compared to measurements without coolant ejection, showing a significant influence of the TEB both on the wake development and on the flow in the vane passage. Numerical simulations of the experiments showed good agreement with the measured data and provided a deeper understanding of the flow phenomena, revealing the differences in the development of the wake with and without trailing edge coolant ejection and illustrating the blockage effect of the TEB on the flow in the vane passage.
Influence of nucleating agents on the crystallization of 6‐polyamide (1978)

Abstract The influence of two nucleating agents on the crystallization parameters of 6‐Polyamide was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and some substantial differences for the crystallization rate of the examined polymers were determined. The induction times t i , the semicrystallization times t 1/2 , the crystallization rate constants k , and the Avrami n coefficients were measured and related to the different characteristics and morphology of the specimens. The experimental data are represented in form of various plots and the microscopic examination of thin sections of the polymers allows to extend the study, showing remarkable differences in specimens morphology in correspondence of the nucleation effect.
Evidence From the Aged Orchidectomized Male Rat Model That 17β-Estradiol Is a More Effective Bone-Sparing and Anabolic Agent Than 5α-Dihydrotestosterone (2002)

This study was designed to evaluate the impact of estrogen versus androgen action on orchidectomy (ORX)-induced bone loss and associated changes in body composition. During an experimental period of 4 months, aged (12-month-old) ORX rats were treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2; 0.75 microg/day) or different doses of the nonaromatizable androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 45, 75, and 150 microg/day, respectively), via subcutaneous (sc) silastic implants. Low doses of DHT and E2 inhibited the ORX-induced rise of bone turnover markers (serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline [DPD]) to a similar extent. High-dose DHT prevented the ORX-induced decrease of trabecular bone density but had no significant effect on cortical thinning as assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). This bone-sparing action of DHT occurred at the expense of hypertrophy of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. On the other hand, E2 restored both trabecular bone density and cortical thickness in ORX rats and even prevented age-related bone loss. In contrast to DHT, E2 increased lean body mass and inhibited the ORX-associated increase of fat mass, as measured by DXA. Administration of E2 was associated with increased serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and decreased circulating levels of leptin. We conclude that, in the aged ORX rat model, E2 is more effective in preventing ORX-induced bone loss than DHT. Additionally, E2 has anabolic effects on muscle tissue and prevents the ORX-related increase of fat mass. Overall, these data suggest that androgen action on bone and body composition is dependent on stimulation of both androgen receptors (ARs) and estrogen receptors (ERs).