gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cesium Oleate Passivation for Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics (2019)

Despite their emergence as promising materials for low-cost and efficient energy power generation technology, the instability of hybrid organic–inorganic lead-halide perovskites toward moisture and heat stress remains a serious obstacle that needs to be tackled for commercialization. Here, we show improved moisture and thermal stability through the use of cesium oleate to modify the perovskite/hole transporting material interface. Passivation using cesium oleate does not induce the formation of any low-dimensional perovskites, suggesting that the organic species only passivate the perovskite’s surface and grain boundaries. As a result, enhanced hydrophobic character of the perovskite film is realized upon passivation, evidenced by a large water contact angle of 107.4° and improved stability at ambient conditions (a relative humidity of ∼70%, room temperature). Concomitantly, the proposed passivation strategy leads to an increased amount of cesium concentration within the films, resulting in beneficial enhanced thermal stability of the film at 85 °C. By maintaining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the solar absorber while concurrently passivating the interfacial defects and vacancies, improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) and unsacrificed short-circuit current density (Jsc) were obtained from the treated devices, leading to power conversion efficiencies of more than 18%. When stored in a humid environment (a relative humidity of ∼55%), devices with cesium oleate passivation maintain 88% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 720 h, degrading two times slower than those of the control. This work offers a strategy of coating 3D perovskites with a unique combination of inorganic cations and long-chain organics to provide hydrophobicity and moisture stability to the solar absorber layer while maintaining good device performances.
The Cycloaddition Way to Novel Deoxy Disaccharide Analogues. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
B- Cell Depletion as Therapy for Steroid Refractory Chronic Gvhd Is Most Effective for Sclerosis of the Skin. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2232 Poster Board II-209 Introduction Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the major long term complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and shares similarities with auto-immune diseases, like systemic sclerosis (SSc).Although the contribution of donor T cells in the development of both acute and chronic GVHD is beyond doubt; the role of B cells is less defined. However, two observations suggest that B cells do contribute to chronic GVHD. First, autoantibodies can be detected in 15-90% of chronic GVHD patients. Furthermore, several small-scale retrospective clinical studies demonstrated that in vivo depletion of B cells with the CD20-specific Ab rituximab results in amelioration of chronic GVHD symptoms in heavily pretreated steroid-refractory patients. Objective In order to prospectively investigate B cell depletion as therapy for cGVHD, we have studied the efficacy of the CD20-specific antibody rituximab in patients with steroid-refractory extensive cGVHD. Methods In an ongoing prospective phase I/II study 15 patients with steroid-refractory extensive cGVHD were treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2 per week for 4 consecutive weeks). Clinical responses were monitored monthly for 1 year according to the NIH criteria (EudraCT 2008-004125-42). Results A total of 60 rituximab infusions were administered to 15 patients with steroid-refractory cGvHD. Toxicity was limited to one infectious event and one allergic reaction. Clinical responses were so far analyzed in 12 patients. Median follow-up was 6.5 months (range 1-13). Eight patients showed a partial response (67%) of which 5 patients (42%) had an ongoing response up to 1 year of follow-up and 3 patients (25%) relapsed. Two relapsed patients were retreated with rituximab 8 months after cessation of the initial rituximab treatment and showed again a partial response. In patients with deep sclerosis (n=10), sclerotic features disappeared completely or partially in 8 patients (80%). In patients with involvement of eyes (n=10), mucosa (n=4) and gastro-intestinal tract (n=4) response was observed in 50%, 25% and 25% of patients, respectively. Consequently, prednisone dosage could be reduced in 7 patients (58%). In 4 patients (33%) prednisone treatment was stopped completely. Conclusion Rituximab treatment is a feasible and effective treatment in patients with steroid refractory cGVHD. In addition, also patients with relapse of cGVHD after cessation of rituximab treatment can be successfully treated. Thereby, sclerotic lesions of the skin improved in the majority of patients whereas eye, mucosal and gastro-intestinal tract involvement was less reversible. We speculate that the lack of improvement of eye and mucosal involvement is a consequence of an early and irreversible destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands and this argues for an upfront application of rituximab in patients with cGVHD. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, is used to deplete B-cells in the treatment of chronic GVHD.
Deducing the initial properties of hot nuclei formed in central heavy-ion collisions (1989)

We have developed a technique for deducing the average primary excitation energy and mass of a hot nuclear system using the average energies and multiplicities of the decay products. Monte Carlo simulations show that we can account for all of the initial energy and mass in heavy-ion fusion reactions. For data from the reaction $^{20}$Ne${+}^{27}$Al at 19.2 MeV/nucleon we find that the composite system formed after preequilibrium emission consists of 42.4 nucleons, on average, at an excitation energy of 4 MeV/nucleon. Similar data for Si+Si imply that the excitation energy per nucleon of these incompletely fused systems saturates near 3 MeV/nucleon with increasing beam energy.
UnShadowNet: Illumination Critic Guided Contrastive Learning for Shadow Removal (2023)

Shadows are frequently encountered natural phenomena that significantly hinder the performance of computer vision perception systems in practical settings, e.g., autonomous driving. A solution to this would be to eliminate shadow regions from the images before the processing of the perception system. Yet, training such a solution requires pairs of aligned shadowed and non-shadowed images which are difficult to obtain. We introduce a novel weakly supervised shadow removal framework <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UnShadowNet</i> trained using contrastive learning. It is composed of a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeShadower</i> network responsible for the removal of the extracted shadow under the guidance of an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Illumination</i> network which is trained adversarially by the illumination critic and a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Refinement</i> network to further remove artefacts. We show that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UnShadowNet</i> can be easily extended to a fully-supervised set-up to exploit the ground-truth when available. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UnShadowNet</i> outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches on three publicly available shadow datasets (ISTD, adjusted ISTD, SRD) in both the weakly and fully supervised setups.
Some Optimum Conditions for the Lubrication of Gear Teeth (1963)

The percentage of boundary operation, or metal-to-metal contact between gear teeth, was measured to determine optimum running conditions for a pair of gears. A nondestructive test method was used. The effects of load, speed, lubricant viscosity, and lubricant additive were investigated.
Accurate Time Series Prediction in Reduced StochasticEpidemic Models (2009)

We consider a stochastic Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) epidemiological model. Through the use of a normal form coordinate transform, we are able to analytically derive the stochastic center manifold along with the associated, reduced set of stochastic evolution equations. The transformation correctly projects both the dynamics and the noise onto the center manifold. Therefore, the solution of this reduced stochastic dynamical system yields excellent agreement, both in amplitude and phase, with the solution of the original stochastic system for a temporal scale that is orders of magnitude longer than the typical relaxation time. This new method allows for improved time series prediction of the number of infectious cases when modeling the spread of disease in a population. Numerical solutions of the fluctuations of the SEIR model are considered in the infinite population limit using a Langevin equation approach, as well as in a finite population simulated as a Markov process.
Charge sensing of a Si triple quantum dot system using single electron transistors (2012)

We fabricate a serial triple quantum dot (TQD) system, which is made on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer by dry etching and integrated with single electron transistors (SETs) as charge sensors. We observe charge transitions of a dot in the TQD in the characteristic of the charge sensor which is the furthest to the dot. It implies a SET charge sensor has a capability of sensing of all the charge transitions in TQD.
Block-Overlapped Image Restoration with Space-Variant Motion Blur (2007)

Various image restoration methods have been proposed for removing space-variant image degradation. Most image restoration methods, which are developed to remove space-invariant degradation, cannot efficiently deal with space-invariant characteristics of natural image degradation. In this paper, we address a novel method to improve motion deblurring performance in the spacevariant manner. The first step in the proposed method processes an image overlapped small blocks. In each block, we detect frequency characteristic. We can then estimate point spread function (PSF) by combining all the information we found from the first step. Experimental results show the proposed method can efficiently remove space-variant motion blur without undesired artifacts.
THERMOCHEMISTRY OF DIMETHOXYBORANE (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHERMOCHEMISTRY OF DIMETHOXYBORANEW. J. Cooper and J. F. MasiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1960, 64, 5, 682–683Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100834a507https://doi.org/10.1021/j100834a507research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
PhET: Simulations That Enhance Learning (2008)

1,5171MetricsTotal Downloads1,517Last 6 Months314Last 12 Months527Total Citations1Last 6 Months0Last 12 Months0View all metrics
Nonnegative matrix factorization: a possible way to learn sound dictionaries (2005)

Auditory system detects sound signals and uses the temporal-frequency information of the sound signals to conduct sound identification, sound localization, and sound source separation. Thanks to the past studies, we know that the hair cells at cochlea show frequency-dependent responses against input sound signals. But, little is known about how the sound information is conducted to and processed within the auditory cortex. Recently, B.A.Pearlmutter and A.M.Zador proposed an algorithm for monaural source separation under the assumption that the precise head-related transfer function (HRTF) and all the sound dictionary elements are known (ref.[1]). To apply this algorithm to the real sound signals, here I propose that non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) applied to the spectrograms of sound signals would successfully give a set of sound dictionary elements. When NMF was applied to solo-music signals with an appropriate value for the rank of factorization, it could extract instrument-specific patterns of basis spectrograms, each of which has a peak frequency for different notes. Interestingly, the sound signals converted back from the obtained basis spectrograms sounded more or less like the corresponding instrument, which suggests that the obtained basis spectrograms, or basis sound elements, would be a good candidate for the sound dictionary. When NMF was applied to sound signals played with several different instruments, the obtained basis sound elements can be categorized into each instrument-specific pattern by hand. In addition, using the categorized elements, sound signals can be reconstructed corresponding to each instrument part of the original music. The fact that source separation can be done using the basis sound elements obtained by NMF suggests that NMF would be a possible way to learn sound dictionaries from sound signals. 1
Electronic transport properties of graphene-based heterostructures (2013)

Heterostructures fabricated from atomically thin crystalline layers are new materials which offer exciting possibilities for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic sensors and devices. The idea of heterostructures is not new and traditional semiconductor heterostructures have already played an important technological role in many modern electronic components. It is possible to fabricate new and exciting structures by stacking single atomic layers of different materials into heterostructures. This technology can be used to create materials and devices with a wide variety of properties. The stacking order, thickness, doping and crystal orientation play the major roles in determining the characteristics of these new materials. The experimental work for this thesis involves the electrical characterisation of several different heterostructures.i Investigation of boron nitride as an atomically thin tunnel barrier, including its homogeneity across micron sized areas. The area normalised conductance was found to depend on boron nitride thickness, changing by 1.5 decades per layer.ii Graphene-based tunnelling transistors which exhibit current modulation by external gate voltage. With boron nitride as the tunnel barrier an on-off ratio of up to 40 was acheived.iii Resonant tunnelling devices which show negative differential conductivity in their current-voltage characteristics.iv Photodetection and solar cell devices using semiconducting tungsten disulfide. The maximum external quantum efficiency observed was 0.1 A/W which was approximately constant across the visible spectrum. The enormous array of possibilities made available by this technology means that there is huge scope for further investigation with more exploratory research to make proof-of-principle functional devices for application in technology.
Supplementary Figure Legends from A Three-Dimensional Organoid Culture System Derived from Human Glioblastomas Recapitulates the Hypoxic Gradients and Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity of Tumors Found <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends for Supplemental Figures 1-5&lt;/p&gt;
SOME DERIVATIVES OF DIIODOTYROSINE AND THYROXINE. THE ACTION OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE ON DIIODOTYROSINE1 (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME DERIVATIVES OF DIIODOTYROSINE AND THYROXINE. THE ACTION OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE ON DIIODOTYROSINE1Charles S. MyersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 9, 3718–3725Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01348a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01348a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LA UNIVERSIDAD FORTALECE SU PRESENCIA EN CHIAPAS (2013)

SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS, CHIS.- LA PRESENCIA DE LA UNAM SE HA FORTALECIDO A LO LARGO DE LA REPUBLICA MEXICANA EN BENEFICIO DE POBLADORES Y ESTADOS DONDE SE ASIENTAN ENTIDADES UNIVERSITARIAS. ES EL CASO DEL PROGRAMA DE INVESTIGACIONES MULTIDISCIPLINARIAS SOBRE MESOAMERICA Y EL SURESTE (PROIMMSE), EN ESTA CIUDAD, CUYO ANTECEDENTE FUE UNA ASOCIACION CIVIL QUE DIO ORIGEN, EN 1985, AL CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES HUMANISTICAS DE MESOAMERICA Y EL ESTADO DE CHIAPAS.
Super-Atmospheric Pressure Electrospray Ion Source: Applied to Aqueous Solution (2011)

This is a follow-up paper of our previous report on an ion source, which was operated at an operating pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. Besides having more working gas for desolvation, the reduction of mean free path of electrons in a higher pressure environment increases the threshold voltage for gaseous breakdown, thus enabling a stable electrospray for the sample solution with high surface tension without the occurrence of electric discharge. In our previous work, the ion source was not coupled directly to the mass spectrometer and significant amount of ions were lost before entering the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. In this paper, we report the new design of our second prototype in which, by using a modified ion transport capillary, the pressurized ESI ion source was coupled directly to the first pumping stage of the mass spectrometer without additional modification on the vacuum pumping system. Demonstrations of the new ion source on the sensitive detection of native proteins from aqueous solution in both positive and negative ion modes are presented.
Topological descriptors in modelling antimalarial activity: N1-(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)-1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine as prototype (2008)

The QSAR of antimalarial activity of two distinct series of N(1)-(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)-1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl) piperazine analogues are investigated with DRAGON descriptors in order to rationalize their activity. Of these two series of compounds, one has amide characteristics and the other has amine characteristics. Both the analogues have shared radial centric information (ICR) as common modelling descriptor with increased centricity in the molecules as preferred feature for antimalarial activity. Apart from this, the models of amide analogues suggested in favor of distantly placed nitrogen(s) and unfavorable nature of carbonyl moieties adjacent to nitrogen in the varying portion of the molecule for the activity. Moreover, for these analogues, the regression models have preferred the lone pair electrons on heteroatoms (N and O) for purposes other than H-bonds for better activity. In case of amine analogues, the models suggested in favor of compact structural moieties in the varying parts of the molecule for improved activity. Also, for these analogues, hydrophobicity of the compound is an important factor for influencing activity. The variations in the models of amide and amine analogues are attributed to the characteristic functional differences of these analogues.
Total Folate Content and Retention in Rosehips (Rosa ssp.) after Drying (2003)

Folate concentrations in rosehips and commercial rosehip products and factors affecting folate retention during drying were investigated. On the basis of the raw material studied during 3 years, rosehips were shown to be a rich folate source, 400-600 microg/100 g based on dry matter and 160-185 microg/100 g based on the fresh weight (edible part). Rosehips are not often consumed fresh; therefore, drying to produce stable semimanufactures is a crucial step. The degradation of folate was shown to be dependent on the drying time until the water activity was below 0.75. The required drying time was reduced by cutting the rosehips in slices and to some extent also by increasing the temperature. Retention of folate and ascorbic acid was affected by the same factors, and high content of ascorbic acid could provide a possible protection for folate degradation.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients Admitted with Acute Pulmonary Exacerbation (2016)

Ceftolozane-tazobactam has potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE). Due to the rapid elimination of many antibiotics, CF patients frequently have altered pharmacokinetics. In this multicenter, open-label study, we described the population pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftolozane-tazobactam at 3 g every 8 h (q8h) in 20 adult CF patients admitted with APE. Population pharmacokinetics were determined using the nonparametric adaptive grid program in Pmetrics for R. A 5,000-patient Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for the ceftolozane component at 1.5 g and 3 g of ceftolozane-tazobactam q8h across a range of MICs using a primary threshold exposure of 60% free time above the MIC (fT>MIC). In these 20 adult CF patients, ceftolozane and tazobactam concentration data were best described by 2-compartment models, and ceftolozane clearance (CL) was significantly correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). These data suggest that ceftolozane and tazobactam clearance estimates in CF patients are similar to those in adults without CF (ceftolozane CF CL, 4.76 ± 1.13 liter/h; tazobactam CF CL, 20.51 ± 4.41 liter/h). However, estimates of the volume of the central compartment (V<sub>c</sub>) were lower than those for adults without CF (ceftolozane CF V<sub>c</sub>, 7.51 ± 2.05 liters; tazobactam CF V<sub>c</sub>, 7.85 ± 2.66 liters). Using a threshold of 60% fT>MIC, ceftolozane-tazobactam regimens of 1.5 g and 3 g q8h should achieve PTAs of ≥90% at MICs up to 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Ceftolozane-tazobactam at 3 g q8h was well tolerated. These observations support additional studies of ceftolozane-tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa APE in CF patients. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02421120.).