gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the rate of injection modeling applied to direct injection compression ignition engines (2016)

Modern engine design has challenging requirements toward maximum power output, fuel consumption and emissions. For engine combustion development programs, the injection system has to be able to operate reliable under a variety of operating conditions. Today’s legislations for quieter and cleaner engines require multiple-injection strategies, where it is important to understand the behavior of the system and to measure the effect of one injection on subsequent injections. This study presents a methodology for zero-dimensional modeling of the mass flow rate and the rail pressure of a common rail system, constructed from a set of experimental measurements in engine-like operating conditions, for single- and multiple-injection strategies. The model is based on mathematical expressions and correlations that can simulate the mass flow rate obtained with the Bosch tube experiment, focusing on the shape and the injected mass, using few inputs: rail pressure, back pressure, energizing time and so on. The model target is to satisfy two conditions: lowest computational cost and to reproduce the realistic injected quantity. Also, the influence of the rail pressure level on the start of injection is determined, especially for multiple-injection strategies on the rate shape and injected mass. Good accuracy was obtained in the simulations. The results showed that the model error is within the 5%, which corresponds at the same time to the natural error of the injector and to the accuracy of the measures which had been done. The benefits of the model are that simulations can be performed quickly and easily for any operation points, and, on the other hand, that the model can be used in real-time on the engine test bench for mass estimations when doing additional experiments or calibration activities.
OWAMP and TWAMP Well-Known Port Assignments (2017)

This memo explains the motivation and describes the re-assignment of
well-known ports for the OWAMP and TWAMP protocols for control and
measurement, and clarifies the meaning and composition of these
standards track protocol names for the industry. The memo updates RFC
4656 and RFC 5357, in terms of the UDP well- known port assignments.
A Novel Assay for Quantifying the Number of Plasmids Encapsulated by Polymer Nanoparticles (2011)

Polymeric nanoparticles are promising for gene therapy and stem cell reprogramming using non-viral vectors. A novel assay utilizing nanoparticle tracking analysis (left) is developed here to easily quantify the number of plasmids within polymeric nanoparticles while in aqueous solution. Particles effective at co-transfecting primary human fibroblasts (right) are ~100 nm in diameter and contain ~100 plasmids per particle.
Analysis of CDS-located miRNA target sites suggests that they can effectively inhibit translation (2013)

Most of what is presently known about how miRNAs regulate gene expression comes from studies that characterized the regulatory effect of miRNA binding sites located in the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNAs. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that miRNAs also bind in the coding region (CDS), but the implication of these interactions remains obscure because they have a smaller impact on mRNA stability compared with miRNA-target interactions that involve 3' UTRs. Here we show that miRNA-complementary sites that are located in both CDS and 3'-UTRs are under selection pressure and share the same sequence and structure properties. Analyzing recently published data of ribosome-protected fragment profiles upon miRNA transfection from the perspective of the location of miRNA-complementary sites, we find that sites located in the CDS are most potent in inhibiting translation, while sites located in the 3' UTR are more efficient at triggering mRNA degradation. Our study suggests that miRNAs may combine targeting of CDS and 3' UTR to flexibly tune the time scale and magnitude of their post-transcriptional regulatory effects.
Evaluation of DNA damage in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without peripheral neuropathy: A study in South Indian population (2015)

This study highlights the use of the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Cytome assay as a potent tool for the identification of DNA damage, which may prove to be useful biomarker to assess the severity diabetes-associated complications such as neuropathy. Implementation of this technique at the clinical level would potentially enhance the quality of management of patients with diabetes and its complications like neuropathy.
RGB color filter comprising aluminum film with surface plasmon enhanced transmission through sub-wavelength hole-arrays (2009)

A color filter comprising an aluminum film with arrays of sub-wavelength holes has been fabricated. In addition to processability, the aluminum film enables the excitation of visible-range SP due to its high plasma frequency.
Pregnancy-related vertebral hemangioma (2005)

Pregnancy is a recognized risk factor for quiescent vertebral hemangiomas becoming symptomatic; this usually occurs during the 3rd month of gestation. The natural history of these lesions is poorly understood, and treatment practices must consider the overall safety of the mother and fetus. The authors report a case of cervical vertebral hemangioma presenting during the 24th week of pregnancy and review the current literature. A 26-year-old woman in her 24th week of pregnancy presented with upper-back pain and progressive spastic paresis in the legs. Neuroimaging studies revealed a diffuse C-7 vertebral body lesion with extradural extension and compression of the spinal cord consistent with a vertebral hemangioma. Successful decompression was accomplished, and the fetus experienced no adverse effects from the surgery. In a review of the literature, 23 cases of pregnancy-related vertebral hemangioma dating back to 1927 were identified. Prepartum surgical decompression was performed in eight patients, postpartum surgery was performed in 12, and surgery was not performed in four. Overall, patients experienced excellent neurological recovery, regardless of the severity and duration of spastic paresis. Observation should be considered for symptomatic patients at greater than 32 weeks gestation. Surgery should be considered for patients with severe neurological deficits at less than 32 weeks of gestation.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Biocatalyst for the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure 2‐Arylpropanoic Acids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mueggelone. (2013)

Abstract (+)‐Mueggelone (I) is synthesized from commercially available and inexpensive starting materials via Sharpless epoxidation, Jacobsen resolution, lactonization and cross metathesis.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Employing A Ru, Rh, Ru Molecular Device for Photoinitiated Electron Collection (2007)

A molecular device for photoinitiated electron collection at a metal center, [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)5, has been studied and shown to photocatalytically produce H2 from H2O. This system absorbs visible light and in the presence of an electron donor is reduced by multiple electrons. In the presence of water, the [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)5 system photocatalytically produces H2 that varies linearly with photolysis time. The photocatalyst functions in the presence of chloride, but the yield of H2 is lower, consistent with chloride loss being important in the photocatalysis cycle
Super-resolution Imaging for Real Aperture Radar by Two-dimensional Inverse Filtering (2019)

Real aperture radar can obtain a stable imaging result according to its scanning working mode. Using the antenna pattern of real aperture radar, we can get the super-resolution imaging result to improve the resolution in azimuth and pitch directions. Typically, we treat the convolutions of the antenna pattern and targets in azimuth and pitch directions independently. However, the processing sequence of azimuth and pitch directions has an important impact on the results. In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional (2-D) super-resolution imaging technology based on the two-dimensional inverse filtering method to improve the imaging resolution of real aperture radar both in azimuth and pitch directions. In this way, the imaging result can be obtained only using a operator in two-dimensional echo frequency domain. Simulations are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method.
Identification of Novel Phosphorylation Sites in Hormone-sensitive Lipase That Are Phosphorylated in Response to Isoproterenol and Govern Activation Properties in Vitro (1998)

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis. Stimulation of rat adipocytes with isoproterenol results in phosphorylation of HSL and a 50-fold increase in the rate of lipolysis. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis and two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping to show that phosphorylation sites other than the previously identified Ser-563 are phosphorylated in HSL in response to isoproterenol stimulation of 32P-labeled rat adipocytes. Phosphorylation of HSL in adipocytes in response to isoproterenol and in vitro phosphorylation of HSL containing Ser --> Ala mutations in residues 563 and 565 (S563A, S565A) with protein kinase A (PKA), followed by tryptic phosphopeptide mapping resulted in two tryptic phosphopeptides. These tryptic phosphopeptides co-migrated with the phosphopeptides released by the same treatment of F654HPRRSSQGVLHMPLYSSPIVK675 phosphorylated with PKA. Analysis of the phosphorylation site mutants, S659A, S660A, and S659A,S660A disclosed that mutagenesis of both Ser-659 and Ser-660 was necessary to abolish the activation of HSL toward a triolein substrate after phosphorylation with PKA. Mutation of Ser-563 to alanine did not cause significant change of activation compared with wild-type HSL. Hence, our results demonstrate that in addition to the previously identified Ser-563, two other PKA phosphorylation sites, Ser-659 and Ser-660, are present in HSL and, furthermore, that Ser-659 and Ser-660 are the major activity controlling sites in vitro.
IBM DataPower Handbook Volume II: DataPower Networking (2015)

This is Volume II of the long-awaited second edition of the 'bible' and expert guide to deploying, using, and managing IBM DataPower Gateway Appliances. It is updated for firmware version 7.2. DataPower appliances can simplify deployment, strengthen security, enhance performance, and dramatically improve return on investment for many use cases, such as mobile, Web, API, legacy, cloud, and SOA/Web Services. In this book, a team of leading experts show how to make the most of DataPower appliances in any IT environment. The authors present DataPower information and insights that are available nowhere else. Writing for working architects, administrators, developers, and security specialists, they draw extensively on their deep experience, helping IBM customers use DataPower technologies to solve challenging system integration problems. This volume concentrates on DataPower networking, and features chapters on beginning and advanced networking, as well as network-level availability.
Bending Fatigue Study of Nickel-Titanium Gates Glidden Drills (2005)

ProFile nickel-titanium Gates Glidden drills were tested in bending fatigue to simulate clinical conditions. Ten samples each in sizes #1 through #6 were placed in a device that deflected the drill head 4 mm from the axis. The drill head was placed inside a ball bearing fixture, which allowed it to run free at 4000 rpm, and the total number of revolutions was recorded until failure. Fracture surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope to determine the initiation site and nature of the failure process. Mean +/- SD for the number of revolutions to failure for the drill sizes were: #1: 1826.3 +/- 542.5; #2: 5395.7 +/- 2581.5; #3: 694.4 +/- 516.8; #4: 261.0 +/- 138.0; #5: 49.6 +/- 14.9; #6: 195.9 +/- 78.5. All drills failed in a ductile mode, and fracture initiation sites appeared to be coincident with machining grooves or other flaws, suggesting the need for improved manufacturing procedures.
Nanoconfinement crystallization of frustrated alkyl groups: crossover of mesophase to crystalline structure (2011)

Crossover of mesophase to crystalline structure in the nanoconfinement crystallization process of frustrated side groups elucidates the critical crystal thickness dc or the length scale of side groups, which defines the transition process from mesophase (hexagonal and monoclinic phase) to crystalline phase (orthorhombic phase) of confined CH2 sequences in a given crystal size restriction.
Sorkin's third-order interference term in quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities (2009)

Considering not only the well-known two-slit experiment, but also experiments with three slits, Sorkin introduced the third-order interference term I3 and discovered that the absence of third-order interference (I3=0) is typical of quantum mechanics where only second-order interference occurs. In the present paper, the interference term I3 is ported to the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. In this framework, the identity I3=0 does not hold in general and its consequences are analysed. A first result reveals a close link between this identity and the existence of a product in the order-unit space generated by the quantum logic. In the general case, this product is neither commutative nor associative. By a second result, the order-unit space becomes a Jordan algebra, if each element behaves like one would expect from an observable (i.e., its square is positive and there is a polynomial functional calculus). Almost all such Jordan algebras can be represented as operator algebras on a Hilbert space, and a reconstruction of quantum mechanics up to this point is thus achieved from the absence of third-order interference and a few other principles. Besides the identity I3=0, two further interesting properties of quantum mechanics distinguishing it from more general theories are studied. These are a novel bound for quantum interference and a symmetry condition for the conditional probabilities.
Multiplex Detection of Microbial and Plant Toxins by Immunoaffinity Enrichment and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Plant and microbial toxins such as ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and the botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are considered as potential biological warfare agents. Specific screening methods are, therefore, required that enable unambiguous and sensitive identification of these biohazards, particularly for the occurrence of the toxins in complex sample matrixes. The present study describes a combination of a multiplex-immunoaffinity purification approach, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-based detection for the simultaneous identification of ricin, SEB, BoNT/A, and BoNT/B. The method comprises an affinity enrichment step, using specific monoclonal antibodies for each of the four toxins which have been selected from a pool of antibodies. The selected antibodies allow for specific and simultaneous capture of ricin, SEB, BoNT/A, BoNT/B, and the corresponding BoNT complexes. These were subsequently identified by MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), following tryptic digest. The sensitivity of the technique was approximately 500 fmol for each of the toxins. These toxins were detectable within 8 h, even when present in complex matrixes such as milk or juice. Furthermore, the MALDI-based multiplex assay allowed for the discrimination of closely related BoNT sero- and subtypes, including a real case of food-borne botulism in Germany.
Framework Architecture for Signaling Transport (1999)

This document defines an architecture framework and functional requirements for transport of signaling information over IP.The framework describes relationships between functional and physical entities exchanging signaling information, such as Signaling Gateways and Media Gateway Controllers.It identifies interfaces where signaling transport may be used and the functional and performance requirements that apply from existing Switched Circuit Network (SCN) signaling protocols.
A Surface Ionization Detector for Gas Chromatography:  Use of a Supersonic Free Jet (1996)

A new design of a gas chromatographic surface ionization detector (SID) based on hyperthermal positive surface ionization is described. There are two requirements: use of a supersonic free jet nozzle and the high-work-function surface of rhenium oxide. This detector, which is sensitive in response to all the organics, can be operated as an universal detector with much higher sensitivity toward some species having low ionization energy but with selectivity to a lesser degree than that of a conventional SID. The minimum detectable amount (at S/N = 3) of pyrene is around 4.4 × 10(-)(13) g/s, with linearity greater than 10(6), while that of toluene is around 10(-)(12) g/s. Other unique properties are (1) the ability to control the degree of selectivity through molecular kinetic energy, the surface, and its temperature and (2) a very short response time.
Enumerative Combinatorics (1997)

This book is the first of a two-volume basic introduction to enumerative combinatorics at a level suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians. It concentrates on the theory and application of generating functions, a fundamental tool in enumerative combinatorics. The book covers those parts of enumerative combinatorics of greatest applicability to other areas of mathematics. The four chapters are devoted to an introduction to enumeration (suitable for advanced undergraduates), sieve methods (including the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion), partially ordered sets, and rational generating functions. There are a large number of exercises, almost all with solutions, which greatly augment the text and provide entry into many areas not covered directly. Graduate students and research mathematicians who wish to apply combinatorics to their work will find this an authoritative reference.
Bone Lineage Proteins in the Entheses of the Midfoot in Patients with Spondyloarthritis (2014)

Osteoproliferation and abnormal expression of bone lineage proteins, but no inflammatory infiltration, characterize midfoot involvement in patients with SpA. In this sense, tarsitis (or ankylosing tarsitis) resembles the involvement of the spine in patients with AS. Ossification may be in part explained by the differentiation of mesenchymal entheseal cells toward the osteoblastic lineage.
Neuartige Einkomponenten‐Reaktiv‐Systeme auf basis von festen Polyisocyanaten (1994)

Abstract Lagerstabile Polyurethan‐Einkomponentensysterne auf Basis von flüssigen oder ver flüssigbaren NCO‐reaktiven Kornponenten und festen, feinteiligen, mit einer Diffusions sperrschicht umhullten TDIH‐Partikeln lassen sich therrnisch zu Elastomeren mit hohem Eigenschaftsniveau, insbesondere hoher thermomechanischer Stabilität, ausharten. Die Eigenschaften der Endprodukte lassen sich in einem weiten Bereich durch die Auswahl der NCO‐reaktiven Aufbaukomponenten steuern. Je nach Viskosität bzw. Schmelzverhalten der Ausgangskomponenten erhält man bei Raumtemperatur gut gießbare, rakelfähige oder auch feste, leicht aufschmelzbare reaktionsfähige Gemische, die, abhängig von ihrer Viskosität und dem Verwendungszweck, nach verschiedenen Methoden verarbeitet werden können (Spritzen, Gießen, Rakeln, Spritzguß, Schleuderguß, Slush‐Molding u.ä.) Die Kombination aus praktisch unbegrenzter Lagerzeit und Verarbeitungszeit, rascher. Härtung bei Temperaturen ab ca. 100°C und breiter Variationsmoglichkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften eröffnen diesen neuen Polyurethan‐Systemen ein weites. Einsatzgebiet mit interessanten, neuen Möglichkeiten.
Combining protein complementation and resonance energy transfer assays to determine if three different proteins are part of the same G protein signaling complex in living cells (2006)

The N‐ and C‐terminal fragments of yellow fluorescent protein (YN and YC) expressed separately or together are not fluorescent. However, if YN and YC are brought together by fusing them to proteins that associate, a fluorescent protein can be reconstituted in a process called bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). If this fluorescent protein is close to (&lt;10 nm) a luciferase (Luc) tagged protein, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) occurs when the energy produced by Luc is transferred to the fluorescent protein in a process we call BiFC/BRET. G protein‐mediated signal transduction involves the interaction of a receptor, a heterotrimeric G protein and an effector. BiFC/BRET experiments were used to determine if three separate G protein signaling components are part of the same complex in vivo . BiFC occurred when various G protein β and γ subunits tagged, respectively, with YN and YC were co‐expressed and the BiFC was plasma membrane localized. BiFC was detected between tagged Gβ 1–4 and Gγ 2 , Gγ 3 , Gγ 7 and Gγ 11 . YN‐Gβ 1 and YC‐Gγ 2 subunits together acted as an acceptor in BiFC/BRET experiments when co‐expressed with either adenylyl cyclase or the Kir3.1 K + channel subunit tagged with Luc. BiFC/BRET was observed in the absence of a receptor agonist and these interactions were sensitive to receptor stimulation. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using BiFC to identify novel interacting proteins for Gβγ subunits, and of combining BiFC and BRET to demonstrate the simultaneous presence of three signaling proteins in a complex.
Comparison between the bacterial and oligosaccharide content of ileostomy effluent in subjects taking diets rich in refined or unrefined carbohydrate. (1984)

Dietary surveys have shown that patients with Crohn's disease tend to eat more sucrose than control subjects and this investigation was undertaken to determine whether a diet rich in refined carbohydrate affects the bacterial flora of the terminal ileum. Ileostomy effluent in five patients with Crohn's disease and five with ulcerative colitis after two weeks on a diet rich in sucrose and refined cereal has been compared with the same period on a diet low in sucrose and rich in unrefined cereal. Observations were made hourly for nine hours after equicaloric breakfasts representing the two diets. The amount of ileostomy effluent was greater on the unrefined carbohydrate diet both in terms of wet weight (238 +/- 89 g vs 162 +/- 79 g, p less than 0.02) and dry weight (23 X 6 +/- 6.8 g vs 14.9 +/- 6.6 g, p less than 0.01); surprisingly, the amount of glucose and oligosaccharide was also greater (169 +/- 41 mg vs 82 +/- 26 mg, p less than 0.001) in all 10 volunteers. The bacteriological flora per gram was also higher on the unrefined carbohydrate diet after the test meal (p less than 0.02 between three and six hours) as a result of a general increase in all organisms. The relative proportions of the organisms did not vary between the two diets. No differences were detected between patients with ulcerative colitis and those with Crohn's disease.