gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Focal and Normal Areas of Myocyte Disarray in Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2023)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited disorder that can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death, characterized at the histological level by focal areas of myocyte disarray, hypertrophy and fibrosis, and few disease-targeted therapies exist. To identify, focal, spatially restricted alterations in transcriptional pathways and reveal novel therapeutic targets, we performed a spatial transcriptomic analysis of areas of focal myocyte disarray compared to areas of normal tissue, using a commercially available platform (GeoMx, nanoString). We analyzed surgical myectomy tissue from four patients with HCM and control interventricular septum tissue from two unused organ donor hearts that were free of cardiovascular disease. Histological sections were reviewed by an expert pathologist and 72 focal areas with varying degrees of myocyte disarray (normal, mild, moderate, severe) were chosen for analysis. Areas of interest were interrogated with the Human Cancer Transcriptome Atlas designed to profile 1800 transcripts. Differential expression analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression between HCM and Control tissue, and functional enrichment analysis indicated these genes were primarily involved in interferon production and mitochondrial energetics. Within HCM tissue, differentially expressed genes between areas of mild and moderate disarray were enriched for genes related to mitochondrial energetics (moderate disarray) and response to oxygen/cytokine levels (mild disarray). The comparison between areas of moderate and severe disarray were enriched for genes related to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade in severe disarray. Analysis of ligand-receptor pair gene expression revealed that HCM tissue exhibited downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), NOTCH, junctional adhesion molecule, and CD46 signaling, while showing upregulation of fibronectin, CD99, cadherin, and amyloid precursor protein signaling. A deconvolution analysis utilizing the matched single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data to determine cell type composition in areas of interest revealed significant differences in fibroblast and vascular cell composition in areas of severe disarray when compared to normal areas in HCM samples. Cell composition in normal areas from control tissue was also divergent from normal areas in HCM samples, which was consistent with the differential expression results. Overall, our data identify novel and potential disease-modifying targets for therapy in HCM.
Latency-aware End-to-end Multi-path Data Transmission for URLLC Services (2022)

5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) utilizes the Access Traffic Steering, Switching, and Splitting (ATSSS) rule to enable multi-path data transmission, which is currently being standardized. Recently, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) SA1 and SA2 have been working on the multi-path solution for possible improvement from different perspectives. However, the existing 3GPP multi-path solution has some limitations on ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) traffic in terms of reliability and latency requirements. In order to capture the potential gains of multi-path architecture in the context of URLLC services, this paper proposes a novel traffic splitting technique that can more efficiently enjoy the benefit of multi-path architecture in reducing user equipment (UE) uplink (UL) end-to-end (E2E) latency. In particular, we formulate an optimization framework that minimizes user's UL E2E latency via the joint optimization on the ratio of traffic assigned to each path and their corresponding transmit power. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated via well-designed simulations.
Wigner distribution transformations in high-order systems (2003)

By combining the definition of the Wigner distribution function (WDF) and the matrix method of optical system modeling, we can evaluate the transformation of the former in centered systems with great complexity. The effect of stops and lens diameter are also considered and are shown to be responsible for non-linear clipping of the resulting WDF in the case of coherent illumination and non-linear modulation of the WDF when the illumination is incoherent. As an example, the study of a single lens imaging systems illustrates the applicability of the method.
Electromagnetic Effects in the Near Field Plume Exhaust of a Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster (2002)

A model is presented of the near-field plasma-plume of a pulsed plasma thruster (PPT). As a working example, a micro-PPT developed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory is considered. This is a miniaturized design of the axisymmetric PPT with a thrust in the 10-µ N range that utilizes TeflonTM as a propellant. The plasma plume is simulated using a hybrid fluid‐particle-in-cell direct simulation Monte Carlo approach. The plasma plume model is combined with Teflon ablation and plasma generation models that provide boundary conditions for the plume. This approach provides a consistent description of the plasma flow from the surface into the near plume. The magnetic field diffusion into the plume region is also considered, and plasma acceleration by the electromagnetic mechanism is studied. Teflon ablation and plasma generation analyses show that the Teflon surface temperature and plasma parameters are strongly nonuniform in the radial direction. The plasma density near the propellant surface peaks at about 10 24 m −3 , whereas the electron temperature peaks at about 4 eV near the electrodes. The plume simulation shows that a region with high density is developed at a few millimeters from the thruster exit plane at the axis. This high-density region exists during the entire pulse, but the plasma density decreases from about 2 × × 10 22 m −3 at the beginning of the pulse down to 0.3 × × 10 22 m −3 at 5 µs. The velocity phase is centered at about 20 km/s in the axial direction. At later stages of the pulse, there are two ion populations with positive and negative radial velocity. Electron and neutral densities predicted by the plume model are compared with near-field measurements using a two-color interferometer, and good agreement is obtained.
PLX4032, a selective BRAF V600E kinase inhibitor, activates the ERK pathway and enhances cell migration and proliferation of BRAF WT melanoma cells (2010)

BRAF(V600E/K) is a frequent mutationally active tumor-specific kinase in melanomas that is currently targeted for therapy by the specific inhibitor PLX4032. Our studies with melanoma tumor cells that are BRAF(V600E/K) and BRAF(WT) showed that, paradoxically, while PLX4032 inhibited ERK1/2 in the highly sensitive BRAF(V600E/K), it activated the pathway in the resistant BRAF(WT) cells, via RAF1 activation, regardless of the status of mutations in NRAS or PTEN. The persistently active ERK1/2 triggered downstream effectors in BRAF(WT) melanoma cells and induced changes in the expression of a wide-spectrum of genes associated with cell cycle control. Furthermore, PLX4032 increased the rate of proliferation of growth factor-dependent NRAS Q61L mutant primary melanoma cells, reduced cell adherence and increased mobility of cells from advanced lesions. The results suggest that the drug can confer an advantage to BRAF(WT) primary and metastatic tumor cells in vivo and provide markers for monitoring clinical responses.
The Use of Finite-Element-Calculated MFL Signals To Study Characterization of Defects in Steel Coiled Tubing (2006)

A primary consideration with coiled tubing (CT) is that it is consumed by fatigue loading during routine operations. Also, rugged oilfield conditions routinely lead to corrosion and other mechanical surface damage. Since fatigue is a surface phenomenon, the presence of a surface imperfection has a significant influence on fatigue damage mechanisms. This paper describes the study of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection signals caused by surface defects in the form of milled circumferential grooves in steel CT. The focus of the investigation is to identify and estimate the size of surface defects based on characteristic MFL signal features. It is demonstrated that this effort is greatly enhanced by finite element analysis (FEA). The ultimate objective is to accurately extract surface flaw dimensions from conventional MFL signals. These dimensions are used in computer CT life prediction models.An axisymmetric FEA model is developed and used to calculate leakage flux density solutions for milled circular and rectangular shaped grooves in 1.75
O Sistema Acadêmico LV: Avaliação em EaD Online Implementada no Ambiente Virtual Moodle (2012)

Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de controle academico e gerenciador de aprendizagem fundamentado em metricas nao-lineares oriundo de um modelo de suporte a avaliacao formativa em EaD online denominado Learning Vectors (LV). Sua metodologia fundamenta-se na interacao, na mediacao iconografica (LV Icones) e numa metrica pedagogica nao-linear denominada de Fator β, que se associa ao desempenho do aluno. Implementado no LMS Moodle, esse modelo de sistema academico em EaD Online, alem de um efetivo e processual controle de notas e faltas, constitui-se num recurso qualitativo para acompanhar, avaliar e favorecer a mediacao no processo ensino-aprendizagem.
Oblivion: Mitigating Privacy Leaks by Controlling the Discoverability of\n Online Information (2015)

Search engines are the prevalently used tools to collect information about\nindividuals on the Internet. Search results typically comprise a variety of\nsources that contain personal information -- either intentionally released by\nthe person herself, or unintentionally leaked or published by third parties,\noften with detrimental effects on the individual's privacy. To grant\nindividuals the ability to regain control over their disseminated personal\ninformation, the European Court of Justice recently ruled that EU citizens have\na right to be forgotten in the sense that indexing systems, must offer them\ntechnical means to request removal of links from search results that point to\nsources violating their data protection rights. As of now, these technical\nmeans consist of a web form that requires a user to manually identify all\nrelevant links upfront and to insert them into the web form, followed by a\nmanual evaluation by employees of the indexing system to assess if the request\nis eligible and lawful.\n We propose a universal framework Oblivion to support the automation of the\nright to be forgotten in a scalable, provable and privacy-preserving manner.\nFirst, Oblivion enables a user to automatically find and tag her disseminated\npersonal information using natural language processing and image recognition\ntechniques and file a request in a privacy-preserving manner. Second, Oblivion\nprovides indexing systems with an automated and provable eligibility mechanism,\nasserting that the author of a request is indeed affected by an online\nresource. The automated ligibility proof ensures censorship-resistance so that\nonly legitimately affected individuals can request the removal of corresponding\nlinks from search results. We have conducted comprehensive evaluations, showing\nthat Oblivion is capable of handling 278 removal requests per second, and is\nhence suitable for large-scale deployment.\n
Reconstructions of truncated projections using an optimal basis expansion derived from the cross-correlation of a "knowledge set" of a priori cross-sections (1998)

An algorithm was developed to obtain reconstructions from truncated projections by utilizing cross-correlation of a "knowledge set" of a priori nontruncated cross-sections with a similar structure. A cross-correlation matrix was constructed for the known set of cross-sectional images. The eigenvectors of this matrix form a set of orthogonal basis vectors for the reconstructed image. The basis set is optimal in the sense that the average of the differences between members of a given set of a priori images, and their truncated linear expansion for any basis set, is minimal for this particular basis set. A procedure for finding optimal basis vectors is fundamental for deriving the Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) transform. Therefore, one can represent an image not in the "knowledge set", but of similar structure by a linear combination of basis vectors corresponding to the larger eigenvalues; thus, the number of basis vectors is reduced to a number less than the total number of pixels. The projection of an image represented by this linear combination of basis vectors is a linear combination of projected basis vectors which are not necessarily orthogonal. A constrained least-squares method was used to evaluate the coefficients of this expansion by minimizing the sum of squares difference between the expansion and the projection measurements taking into account the distribution of coefficients over basis vectors. The constrained least-squares estimates of the coefficients were used in an expansion of the orthogonal basis to obtain the reconstructed image. The constrained solution has a reduced noise level in this inverse problem. It is shown that the reconstruction of truncated projections can be significantly improved over that of commonly used iterative reconstruction algorithms.
FIELD EVALUATION OF THE MULTI-DEPTH DEFLECTOMETERS (1988)

The Multi-Depth Deflectometer (MDD) is an LVDT deflection measuring device which is retrofitted into pavement layers. A maximum of six MDD modules may be installed in a single 1.5 inch diameter hole. The modules are clamped against the sides of the hole at the required depths and the center core is attached to an anchor located approximately 7 feet below the pavement surface. The MDD can measure either the relative elastic deflection or the total permanent deformation of each layer in the pavement system. By placing multiple modules in a single hole, the vertical strains induced in pavement layers can be measured. This report describes the installation of Multi-Depth Deflectometers at the Texas A&M Research Annex. The pavement response under both Falling Weight Deflectometer and truck loading is described, together with an analysis procedure to backcalculate layer moduli from depth deflection readings. The MDD results obtained are extremely promising. The device is relatively inexpensive and durable. It shows a great potential in assisting in several areas of pavement research, including backcalculation analysis, tire pressure and rutting studies.
Paolo Budinich, il fisico con un sogno per Trieste (2014)

In occasione della presentazione di Paolo Budinich: mare, scienza &amp; fortuna di un protagonista della cultura triestina del ’900 di Rita Cian (Beit Editore).&#13;\n&#13;\nIntervengono&#13;\nFrancisco Baralle (distinguished scientist, ICGEB-International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology),&#13;\nLuciano Bertocchi (ICTP The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics&#13;\nRita Cian, autore del volume),&#13;\nMaurizio Fermeglia (rettore Università di Trieste),&#13;\nErio Tosatti (professore SISSA-Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati),&#13;\n&#13;\nModera: Valerio Fiandra
High Efficiency Phase-shift Controlled Hybrid Full Bridge DC Bus Converter (2006)

This paper proposes a high efficiency hybrid full bridge converter with phase shift control. By adding a small auxiliary transformer, the transfer gain of the converter is higher than of conventional phase shift control full bridge (PSFB). With an improved rectifier structure the reverse recovery of the rectifier diode is reduced, and the filter inductor requirement is reduced as well. A prototype (500 W/125 kHz) is made to verify the theoretical analysis.
An autonomous switch based on a rotating magnet driven by magnetic launchers (2021)

Abstract This paper reports on an innovative electromagnetic energy harvester for autonomous switches relying on a rotating magnet driven by magnetic launchers, and combined with a ferromagnetic circuit and a coil to turn the variation of magnetic flux induced by the rotating magnet into electricity. The device is able to operate on forward and backward translation movements. The energy harvester has been modeled, optimized, manufactured, characterized and integrated into a mechanical actuation system to form a complete autonomous switch that will be commercially available. The experimental output energy reaches 1.235 mJ (350 µ J cm −3 ) which is among the highest output energies and energy densities reached on autonomous switches in the state of the art. The electromechanical conversion efficiency is 56%, which is excellent for an energy harvester, and obtained thanks to the topology chosen for the electromagnetic converter. The energy harvester is finally connected to a diode-bridge-capacitor circuit to supply the RF emission of the commands with a Zigbee Green Power ® transmitter.
3D molecularly imprinted polymer sensors synthesized by 2-photon stereolithography (2016)

International audience
The generation of virtual acoustic environments for blind people (1996)

VR systems, like the cinema, tend to concentrate on the visual image, leaving the audible image as garnishing. If blind people are to make any use of virtual environments then the audible image needs to be greatly improved. An ideal system would encode the amplitude and direction of sounds in a way that was independent of the means used to portray the image to the user. The Ambisonic B-format describes four signals: a reference, and three vectors. These are simple to generate and manipulate and may easily be converted into loudspeaker feeds for one, two or three dimensional arrays of speakers. The generation of binaural signals for headset based systems is made difficult by the complexity of the head related transfer function(HRTF). Steering the virtual image to take account of head movements is computationally expensive and requires detailed knowledge of the users HRTF if the image is to be at all realistic. An alternative is to make use of virtual loudspeakers around which the image is moved but which have a fixed location relative to the users head. If the speaker feeds are derived from a B-format signal this may easily be panned and tilted by manipulating the relative amplitudes of the three vectors according to simple mathematical rules. The HRTF of the user can be measured at the positions of the virtual speakers and the resultant relationship between the combination of all these signals and the two headphone signals need only be computed once. This paper gives an introduction to the Ambisonic system and shows how B-format signals can be used to encode a virtual acoustic environment. It concludes by describing how the B-format signals may be manipulated and used to generate almost any number speaker feeds or headphone feeds.
Expert consensus on the bone repair strategy for osteoporotic fractures in China (2022)

Osteoporotic fractures, also known as fragility fractures, are prevalent in the elderly and bring tremendous social burdens. Poor bone quality, weak repair capacity, instability, and high failure rate of internal fixation are main characteristics of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporotic bone defects are common and need to be repaired by appropriate materials. Proximal humerus, distal radius, tibia plateau, calcaneus, and spine are common osteoporotic fractures with bone defect. Here, the consensus from the Osteoporosis Group of Chinese Orthopaedic Association concentrates on the epidemiology, characters, and management strategies of common osteoporotic fractures with bone defect to standardize clinical practice in bone repair of osteoporotic fractures.
DAS System Modeling and Data Validation for CCS Monitoring (2021)

Summary Monitoring of CCS facilities with fiber optic has increased rapidly over the last six years. As part of carbon capture and storage monitoring fiber optic tools have been deployed at different test sites. This monitoring has taken advantage of enhancements in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology. Here we present a workflow to assess optimal optical acquisition to acquire seismic signals, passive and active, that are needed for permanent reservoir surveillance. We present data from new DAS interrogators units capable of sensing long distances that would encompass CCS projects being developed on land and offshore. Data presented here includes active seismic within a shallow CCS facility connected to a long fiber optic line. In addition the long range technology is validated for passive induced seismicity surveillance. We demonstrate that the fiber optic DAS systems have high sensitivity needed for high resolution imaging of storage facilities and for detectability of potential induced events during permanent injection monitoring.
1-(3,4-Dimethoxy-α,β-dihydrocinnamoyl)pyrrole, a Novel Amide fromPiper brachystachyum (1998)

The isolation and structure of the title compound, C15H17NO3, are described. The molecule is twisted so that the two ring systems are oriented at an angle of 64.2 (1)° and the ortho-methoxy groups, while almost coplanar with the phenyl ring, point away from each other.
Science and Technology for Sustainable Well-Being (2008)

This article is adapted from the Presidential Address he delivered at the AAAS Annual Meeting in San Francisco on 15 February 2007.
Prove-It: A Powerful Theorem Prover. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Radial PN junction, wire array solar cells (2008)

Radial pn junctions are of interest in photovoltaics because of their potential to reduce the materials costs associated with cell fabrication. However, devices fabricated to date based on Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth have suffered from low open-circuit voltages (to our knowledge the highest reports are 260 mV in the solid state and 389 mV in solid-liquid junctions). Herein we report on the potential of low-cost catalysts such as Cu and Ni to fabricate Si wire arrays with potentially higher minority-carrier lifetimes than is possible with a Au catalyst, as well as on the use of reactive ion etching to fabricate high-purity analogs to vapor-liquid-solid grown arrays.