gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A structural, epidemiological & genetic overview of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) (2016)

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) are plasmid encoded carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes which have the potential to spread widely through gene transfer. The instability of upstream region of blaKPC accelerates emergence of different isoforms. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing failed to detect KPC producers and some commercial kits have been launched for early identification of KPC producers. Notable among the drugs under development against KPC are mostly derivatives of polymixin; ß-lactamase inhibitor NXL104 with combination of oxyimino cephalosporin as well as with ceftazidime; a novel tricyclic carbapenem, LK-157, potentially useful against class A and class C enzymes; BLI-489-a bicyclic penem derivative; PTK-0796, a tetracycline derivative and ACHN-490. Combination therapy might be preferable to control KPC infections in immediate future. Clinicians are likely to opt for unconventional combinations of antibiotics to treat KPC infections because of unavailability of alternative agents. The KPCs have become endemic in many countries but there is no optimal treatment recommendation available for bacteria expressing KPCs. Reports of outbreaks involving KPCs have focused mainly on laboratory identification, empirical treatment outcomes and molecular epidemiology. This review includes information on the emergence of KPC variants, limitations of phenotyping methods, available molecular methods for identification of the KPC variants and treatment options highlighting the drugs under development.
Modeling and analysis of pairs of open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) for differential permittivity sensing (2017)

This paper is focused on the modeling and analysis of a pair of open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRR) for sensing purposes. Since the capacitance of the OCSRR is very sensitive to dielectric loading, it follows that the OCSRR pair is very useful for differential permittivity measurements. The proposed sensing approach is based on the measurement of the cross-mode S-parameters, particularly the cross-mode insertion loss, very sensitive to asymmetric loading. On the basis of the circuit model of the OCSRR, analytical expressions for the crossmode insertion loss under small perturbations (asymmetries) are derived. Such expressions, of interest for sensor design, are validated through circuit and electromagnetic simulations.
Non-Abelian Strings and Axions (2010)

Axion‐like fields can have a strong impact on non‐Abelian strings. I discuss axion connection to such strings and its implications in two cases: (i) axion localized on the strings, and (ii) axions propagating in the four‐dimensional bulk.
The Opioid μ Agonist/δ Antagonist DIPP-NH2[Ψ] Produces a Potent Analgesic Effect, No Physical Dependence, and Less Tolerance than Morphine in Rats (1999)

Opioid compounds with mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist properties are expected to be analgesics with low propensity to produce tolerance and dependence. In an effort to strengthen the mu agonist component of the mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH(2) (TIPP-NH(2)), analogues containing structurally modified tyrosine residues in place of Tyr(1) were synthesized. Among the prepared compounds, H-Dmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH(2) (DIPP-NH(2); Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) and H-Dmt-TicPsi[CH(2)NH]Phe-Phe-NH(2) (DIPP-NH(2)[Psi]) retained a mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist profile, as determined in the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens assays, whereas H-Tmt-Tic-Phe-Phe-NH(2) (Tmt = N,2',6'-trimethyltyrosine) was a partial mu agonist/delta antagonist and H-Tmt-TicPsi[CH(2)NH]Phe-Phe-NH(2) was a mu antagonist/delta antagonist. DIPP-NH(2)[Psi] showed binding affinities in the subnanomolar range for both mu and delta receptors in the rat brain membrane binding assays, thus representing the first example of a balanced mu agonist/delta antagonist with high potency. In the rat tail flick test, DIPP-NH(2)[Psi] given icv produced a potent analgesic effect (ED(50) = 0.04 microg), being about 3 times more potent than morphine (ED(50) = 0.11 microg). It produced less acute tolerance than morphine but still a certain level of chronic tolerance. Unlike morphine, DIPP-NH(2)[Psi] produced no physical dependence whatsoever upon chronic administration at high doses (up to 4.5 microg/h) over a 7-day period. In conclusion, DIPP-NH(2)[Psi] fulfills to a large extent the expectations based on the mixed mu agonist/delta antagonist concept with regard to analgesic activity and the development of tolerance and dependence.
Recrystallization Temperature Influence upon Structural Changes of 90% Cold Rolled Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr Biocompatible Alloy (2013)

In recent years a significant increase in new Ti-based biocompatible alloys (such as TiTaZr or TiTa-Nb-Zr) development was reported. Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in medicine since the 1960s because of their known biocompatibility, superior mechanical properties, low density and remarkable chemical stability. The present study investigates the microstructures and the mechanical properties of a Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr (wt.%) alloys in order to investigate structural changes occurred during recrystallization treatment of 90% cold rolled Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr (wt.%) alloy. The investigated alloy was fabricated by vacuum arc induction melting in levitation, using a FIVES CELES MP 25 furnace, starting from elemental components. Structural changes occurred during recrystallization treatment were investigated using X-ray diffraction, using a Philip PW 3710 diffractometer, in Bragg-Brentano θ-2θ geometry, with negligible instrumental broadening. Data concerning alloys component phases, average coherent crystallite size and internal average micro-strain was obtained.
SHOX deficiency in short Taiwanese children: A single-center experience (2017)

The phenotype scoring system is useful to select children with SHOX deficiency in Taiwan. Family history and radiological image of the radius are also of value for the diagnosis. This study may aid physicians in the early diagnosis of children with SHOX deficiency.
Oxygen partial pressure dependences ofa cphase ratio, crystallinity, surface roughness and in-plane orientation in YBCO thin film depositions by IBS (2002)

YBa2Cu3OX thin films were grown on MgO by ion beam sputtering at various substrate temperatures TS and oxygen partial pressures PO with a supply of either oxygen molecules or plasma (PL) to study fundamental crystal growth of perovskite oxide. Growth of the a-phase dominates at low TS while that of the c-phase dominates at high TS. This indicates that a thermal surface migration is an important mechanism for the a/c orientations. The c-phase dominates at lower PO, and it decreases while the a-phase increases with increasing PO at TS = 600 °C. This is interpreted by a particle energy assisted surface migration controlled by collision between sputtered particles and the supplied oxygen species. The two results indicate that the surface migration is a crucial factor for the a/c orientations. The a-phase growth is enhanced by PL due to two mechanisms, the collision retarded surface migration, and plasma energy assisted atomic rearrangement and surface energy reduction. Intragrain and intergrain crystallinities show a regular correlation of PO dependences at TS = 600 °C, while a PO dependence of surface roughness shows an inverse correlation with the intragrain and intergrain crystallinities. The mixed film can release a strain energy from interior grain to ambient media, then it has good crystallinity but a rough surface. In contrast, the pure single a-phase film has poor crystallinities but the smoothest surface because the strain energy is stored in the interior. In-plane orientation is improved by increasing the a-phase ratio, and in-plane crystallinity can be improved by PL.
Machine learning to predict mesenchymal stem cell efficacy for cartilage repair (2020)

Inconsistent therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine has been documented in many clinical trials. Precise prediction on the therapeutic outcome of a MSC therapy based on the patient's conditions would provide valuable references for clinicians to decide the treatment strategies. In this article, we performed a meta-analysis on MSC therapies for cartilage repair using machine learning. A small database was generated from published in vivo and clinical studies. The unique features of our neural network model in handling missing data and calculating prediction uncertainty enabled precise prediction of post-treatment cartilage repair scores with coefficient of determination of 0.637 ± 0.005. From this model, we identified defect area percentage, defect depth percentage, implantation cell number, body weight, tissue source, and the type of cartilage damage as critical properties that significant impact cartilage repair. A dosage of 17 - 25 million MSCs was found to achieve optimal cartilage repair. Further, critical thresholds at 6% and 64% of cartilage damage in area, and 22% and 56% in depth were predicted to significantly compromise on the efficacy of MSC therapy. This study, for the first time, demonstrated machine learning of patient-specific cartilage repair post MSC therapy. This approach can be applied to identify and investigate more critical properties involved in MSC-induced cartilage repair, and adapted for other clinical indications.
Long-Lived Electrode For Arc Welding In Vacuum (1992)

Improved electrode for gas/tungsten arc welding in vacuum essentially hollow cylinder along which inert gas flows. Interior of cylinder provides large surface area for emission of electrons to form welding arc. Flow of pressurized inert gas inhibits vaporization of hot electrode material. Both features combine to reduce erosion of electrode. Electrode lasts considerably longer in vacuum than conventional electrode.
Unilateral vulvar edema associated with paracentesis in patients with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A report of nine cases. (1996)

Apparently the puncturing needle created a fistulous tract through which the ascitic fluid was forced, by the increased intraabdominal pressure, into the subcutaneous tissues, presenting as unilateral vulvar edema. This can be prevented by using one of the abdominal hypochondriac regions as the puncturing site. This phenomenon is self-limited and causes only mild discomfort without late sequelae.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Synthesis (2011)

Abstract Review: 80 refs.
Subharmonic oscillations in converters with current-mode programming under large parameter variations (2002)

This paper presents analysis of subharmonic oscillations under large parameter and large signal variations in a converter with current-mode programming. Onset of oscillations is investigated through analysis of period-doubling bifurcation. The analysis is based on a nonlinear discrete-time model derived under the assumption of piecewise linearity of the system but without the usual linear-ripple approximation. Results are confirmed by measurements on an experimental converter and by simulations. It is also shown that a model based on the linear-ripple approximation gives erroneous results both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Monetizing the Internet: Surely There Must be Something other than Advertising (2009)

Almost all attempts to monetize internet applications targeted at individuals to date have focused on natural extensions of traditional media or traditional retailing. Most are either some form of consumer-focused advertising or of consumer-focused eCommerce. And yet the net is far more powerful and liberating than traditional media on the one hand, and far more liberating and thus inappropriate as an alternative to traditional media on the other; use of the net as an advertising medium not only does not play to its strengths, but actually works in an area where the net is surprisingly inappropriate. We explore eight other areas profitable business models that can be implemented online, and explore experience with them. We conclude with strategic recommendations for corporations as well as with suggestions for further research.
Irreversible blockage of opioid receptor types by ester homologs of .beta.-funaltrexamine (1986)

A series of ester homologues 2-5 of the mu receptor nonequilibrium antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (1, beta-FNA) was synthesized. These ligands were of interest in our investigation of the relationship between the structure of the ester function and the ability to irreversibly block mu opioid receptors. While all of the ligands were potent reversible agonists in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations, most appeared to behave as irreversible antagonists of morphine. The benzyl 5 and phenethyl 6 esters possessed irreversible mu antagonist potency that was of similar magnitude to that of beta-FNA in the GPI. In the MVD, all esters appeared to irreversibly block the agonist effect of morphine, but none of the compounds irreversibly antagonized [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin to a significant degree. [3H]Dihydromorphine displacement studies revealed no relationship between the affinity of the esters 1-6 and the irreversible blockage of mu receptors in the GPI or MVD. Possible reasons for the observed structure-activity relationship are discussed.
Longitudinal expression profiling of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in patients with active to quiescent giant cell arteritis (2018)

This is the first longitudinal gene expression study undertaken to identify robust transcriptomic biomarkers of GCA. Our results show cell type-specific transcript expression profiles, novel gene-phenotype associations, and uncover important biological pathways for this disease. In the acute phase, the gene-phenotype relationships we have identified could provide insight to potential disease severity and as such guide in initiating appropriate patient management.
An Essay on Scientific Writing (2013)

The essay deals with sentence structure, style, and logical flow when writing scientific text. Ten suggestions for optimizing sentences are presented followed by ten published examp les of stylistic variations. Although the emphasis is on chemistry, the reco mmendations are applicable to all areas of non-fiction writ ing.
Chirped-pulse wavelength-division multiplexing at 155 Mbit/s with active feed-forward channel equalization (2002)

The broad bandwidth of femtosecond lasers make them potential sources for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The difficulty is in spectrally slicing out the channels and modulating them. A technique for doing both simultaneously was recently demonstrated. In this technique, known as chirped-pulse WDM (CPWDM), a femtosecond pulse is linearly chirped by passage through a dispersive delay line such as a single-mode fiber. Here we demonstrate the scaling of this concept to 155-MHz repetition rate and the use of a feed-forward technique to actively equalize the channels, increasing the number of channels by approximately 50%.
Hydrophilic groups in lignin after oxygen bleaching (1987)

Determination dans la lignine des groupes hydrophiles tels que les groupes carboxyles et phenyl-hydroxyles apres blanchiment des pâtes kraft a l'oxygene. La presence de ces groupes est indispensable pour la dissolution de la lignine
Flow synchronization protocol (2003)

High-speed networks still facilitate the advent of multimedia and distributed applications. An adaptive flow synchronization protocol that permits synchronized delivery of data to and from geographically distributed sites is presented. Applications include inter-stream synchronization, synchronized delivery of information in a multisite conference, and synchronization for concurrency control in distributed computations. The contributions of this protocol in the area of flow synchronization are the introduction of an adaptive synchronization delay, the flexibility to maintain multiple synchronization groups, and the use of a modular architecture that permits the client application to tailor synchronization calculations to its service requirements. Network protocols capable of maintaining network clock synchronization in the millisecond range are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Automation of XML documents translators generation (2002)

Large network environments, such as enterprise intranet and Internet, have moved the center stage in the field of software engineering. In this new environment the communication platform is no longer a problem, but the format in which information is exchanged (IIF) has become the new communication barrier. This paper presents a short description of the process of automatic generation of XML translators. This is the first step of the dynamic generation of XML translators, which we believe is the future of the inter-operation among systems (B2B) and among devices (like cellular phones and machines).
Line defects at the heterojunction of hybrid boron nitride–graphene nanoribbons (2013)

Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we have explored the structural reconstruction of a special kind of line defect, which is constructed from tetragonal rings and is implanted at the heterojunction of hybrid boron nitride–graphene (BN–C) nanoribbons. It appears that nanoribbons get reconstructed in various ways to form different kinds of line defect depending upon the nature of the atoms at the heterojunction. Along with 5–8–5, we also report two new kinds of line defects, 8–8–8 and 7–4–7, at the heterojunction. The electronic and magnetic properties of the reconstructed nanoribbons are calculated using density functional theory (DFT). These nanoribbons show a wide range of electronic structures ranging from semiconducting to spin polarized metallic behaviour.
The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on Georgia's Exporters : A Firm-Level Analysis (2021)

This paper assesses the trade impact of regional trade agreements signed by Georgia. Using information from the World Bank’s Deep Trade Agreements database and the Exporters’ Dynamics Database for Georgia for 2000–20, the paper tests the effect of regional trade agreements on the performance of Georgian exporters. The results show that the depth of regional trade agreements has a positive effect on the exports of firms, and the more so if trade agreements include legally enforceable provisions. Interestingly, the effect of regional trade agreements is not homogeneous across exporters with different characteristics. While large exporters and firms participating in global value chains benefit from deep trade agreements, small firms are negatively affected. Deep trade agreements have a positive effect on the probability of entry into the export market for large firms and firms in global value chains.
Cooperation between interleukin-5 and the chemokine eotaxin to induce eosinophil accumulation in vivo. (1995)

Experiments were designed to study the effect of systemically administered IL-5 on local eosinophil accumulation induced by the intradermal injection of the chemokine eotaxin in the guinea pig. Intravenous interleukin-5 (IL-5) stimulated a rapid and dramatic increase in the numbers of accumulating eosinophils induced by i.d.-injected eotaxin and, for comparison, leukotriene B4. The numbers of locally accumulating eosinophils correlated directly with a rapid increase in circulating eosinophils: circulating eosinophil numbers were 13-fold higher 1 h after intravenous IL-5 (18.3 pmol/kg). This increase in circulating cells corresponded with a reduction in the number of displaceable eosinophils recovered after flushing out the femur bone marrow cavity. Intradermal IL-5, at the doses tested, did not induce significant eosinophil accumulation. We propose that these experiments simulate important early features of the tissue response to local allergen exposure in a sensitized individual, with eosinophil chemoattractant chemokines having an important local role in eosinophil recruitment from blood microvessels, and IL-5 facilitating this process by acting remotely as a hormone to stimulate the release into the circulation of a rapidly mobilizable pool of bone marrow eosinophils. This action of IL-5 would be complementary to the other established activities of IL-5 that operate over a longer time course.
Outcome of Transfibular Ankle Arthrodesis with Ilizarov Apparatus (2012)

Transfibular ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov external fixation system and fibular onlay strut grafting can achieve a very high rate of bony union and lead to general improvements in clinical outcome. Forefoot stabilization with a forefoot ring achieved rigid stabilization resulting in a shorter duration of external fixation.
Binary MDS Array Codes with Asymptotically Optimal Repair for All Columns (2019)

An m x (k+r) binary maximum distance separable (MDS) array code contains k information columns and r parity columns with each entry being a bit such that any k out of k+r columns can retrieve the k information columns. When there is a failed column, it is critical to minimize the repair bandwidth that is the total number of bits downloaded from d out of k+r-1 surviving columns in repairing the failed column. In this paper, we first propose a new construction of binary MDS array codes with any number of parity columns (i.e., r≥2) that have asymptotically optimal repair bandwidth for any information column, where d=k+r-1. By applying a transformation for the proposed binary MDS array codes, we then can obtain the transformed binary MDS array codes that also have optimal repair bandwidth for any parity column.
Direct characterization of circulating DNA in blood plasma using μLAS technology (2017)

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a powerful cancer biomarker for establishing targeted therapies or monitoring patients' treatment. However, current cfDNA characterization is severely limited by its low concentration, requiring the extensive use of amplification techniques. Here we report that the μLAS technology allows us to quantitatively characterize the size distribution of purified cfDNA in a few minutes, even when its concentration is as low as 1 pg/μL. Moreover, we show that DNA profiles can be directly measured in blood plasma with a minimal conditioning process to speed up considerably speed up the cfDNA analytical chain.
The effect of mechanical deformation on magnetic properties and MRI artifacts of type 304 and type 316L stainless steel (1997)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of composition and deformation of biomedical stainless steels on mechanical properties, magnetic properties, and MRI artifacts. Type 304 and Type 316L samples were prepared using standard wire-drawing techniques. Mechanical properties were determined using standard test methods. The amount of ferromagnetic phase present was estimated using a Severn Gage and x-ray diffraction. Magnetic field attraction and artifacts were determined using previously described techniques. The strength of both steels increased significantly with increasing deformation. None of the type 316L wires transformed to the magnetic phase. The amount of magnetic phase in the type 304 wires increased with increasing deformation. There was no magnetic field attraction, and artifacts were minimal for all of type 316L wires and the undeformed type 304 wire. Deflection and artifacts were significant for the deformed type 304 stainless steel. These results provide guidance regarding the use of type 304 and type 316L stainless steels for bioimplants. In this regard, type 316L stainless steel seems to be a more acceptable material with respect to MR compatibility.