gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the extensibility requirements of business applications (2012)

Business applications play a crucial role for the day-to-day running of a business. These applications typically support a wide range of standard business processes like opportunity-to-order and order-to-cash. Customers using these solutions often demand extensions that will complement the existing functionalities offered by the standard application. The requirements for extensibility can be different for each customer which makes the enablement of business software for extensibility very challenging. In this paper we demonstrate some of these challenges and requirements through an example application and evaluate them against some state-of-the-art works on extensibility.
Optimality of Network Coding in Packet Networks (2011)

We resolve the question of optimality for a well-studied packetized implementation of random linear network coding, called PNC. In PNC, in contrast to the classical memoryless setting, nodes store received information in memory to later produce coded packets that reflect this information. PNC is known to achieve order optimal stopping times for the many-to-all multicast problem in many settings. We give a reduction that captures exactly how PNC and other network coding protocols use the memory of the nodes. More precisely, we show that any such protocol implementation induces a transformation which maps an execution of the protocol to an instance of the classical memoryless setting. This allows us to prove that, for any (non-adaptive dynamic) network, PNC converges with high probability in optimal time. In other words, it stops at exactly the first time in which in hindsight it was possible to route information from the sources to each receiver individually. Our technique also applies to variants of PNC, in which each node uses only a finite buffer. We show that, even in this setting, PNC stops exactly within the time in which in hindsight it was possible to route packets given the memory constraint, i.e., that the memory used at each node never exceeds its buffer size. This shows that PNC, even without any feedback or explicit memory management, allows to keep minimal buffer sizes while maintaining its capacity achieving performance.
Modeling Access Control on Streaming Data in Apache Storm (2020)

Streaming analytics on real-time data is very important in the IOT world since analytics, decisions and operations have to be done in real-time for practical applicability. In such scenarios, one key consideration is the security of the real-time stream. Stream security as in other network security can be modeled using the CIA (Confidentiality/Integrity/Availability) model [1]. However, most practical implementations just take care of the first two aspects viz Confidentiality and Integrity using standard techniques such as encryption and signatures. In this paper, we introduce an access control mechanism on the stream that annotates the stream with additional security metadata. This metadata can be used to allow/deny access to elements in the stream and also protect the privacy of the data. We demonstrate a work in progress implementation of the access control mechanism on the popular streaming engine Apache Storm [2] and demonstrate how access control can be modeled and implemented on streaming data.
Worldwide review of power disturbances (1988)

A detailed survey of power quality around the world produced a collection of statistical data, of which the author presents samples collected and offers some analytical interpretations. He examines the implications these data have for requirements and on products built for protecting computers and other electronic equipment against power problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) Part I (2012)

The existing evidence for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis, AE) is evaluated using the national standard Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation. The consensus process consisted of a nominal group process and a DELPHI procedure. Management of AE must consider the individual symptomatic variability of the disease. Basic therapy is focused on hydrating topical treatment, and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment based on topical glucocorticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) is used for exacerbation management and more recently for proactive therapy in selected cases. Topical corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy, but the TCI tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are preferred in certain locations. Systemic immune-suppressive treatment is an option for severe refractory cases. Microbial colonization and superinfection may induce disease exacerbation and can justify additional antimicrobial treatment. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation preferably with UVA1 wavelength or UVB 311 nm. Dietary recommendations should be specific and given only in diagnosed individual food allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy to aeroallergens may be useful in selected cases. Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable. 'Eczema school' educational programs have been proven to be helpful. Pruritus is targeted with the majority of the recommended therapies, but some patients need additional antipruritic therapies.
Functional Nanomaterials and Devices VII (2013)

Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).The volume contains some of the most recent knowledge on Functional Nanomaterials and Devices. The papers are grouped into: 1. semiconductor-on-insulator structures, devices and sensors; 2. physics of new functional nanodevices and sensors; 3. diagnostics methods of nanomaterials and devices; 4. functional nanomaterials in medicine. The first part considers transport phenomena in thin silicon layer near back SiO2-Si interface of the SOI structures fabricated with DELICATE technology, mobility increase in high doped nanowire junctionless multigate MOSFETs; photoconductance and LF noises in the Ge nanodots on SiO2 structures; operation of the SOI sensors in ordinary and 3D fabrication. The second part includes the papers regarding to new functional nanomaterials and devices being used as solar cells, photovoltaic devices, cold emitters for lighting and others. The third part considers different methods of electrical, magnetic, positron annihilation diagnostic of nanostructured materials and nanoscaled devices, and the fourth part is related to employing of nanostructures and nanocluster materials in medicine.
Discovery of GSK2656157: An Optimized PERK Inhibitor Selected for Preclinical Development (2013)

We recently reported the discovery of GSK2606414 (1), a selective first in class inhibitor of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), which inhibited PERK activation in cells and demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in a human tumor xenograft in mice. In continuation of our drug discovery program, we applied a strategy to decrease inhibitor lipophilicity as a means to improve physical properties and pharmacokinetics. This report describes our medicinal chemistry optimization culminating in the discovery of the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 (6), which was selected for advancement to preclinical development.
Computational Tool Comprising Visible Human Project® Based Anatomical Female CAD Model and Ansys HFSS/Mechanical® FEM Software for Temperature Rise Prediction Near an Orthopedic Femoral Nail Implant During a 1.5 T MRI Scan (2022)

Abstract This medical device development tool (MDDT) is categorized as a non-clinical assessment model (NAM). This MDDT is a computational modeling and simulation tool. It can predict heating of metallic orthopedic implants with the radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils while targeting a mid-aged and elderly female population primarily affected by osteoporosis and the associated bone fracture. This MDDT uses a high resolution anatomical female CAD (computer aided design) model coupled with the proven multiphysics finite element method (FEM) software (Ansys Workbench) to simulate the complete MRI environment. The environment is consisting of a tuned MRI coil with the given output power, detailed heterogeneous human model within the coil at the given landmark and a properly embedded metallic implant within the anatomical model to compute the extent of heating generated around the implant. Specifically, this MDDT is the in silico analog of an MRI scan for an elderly female subject with a metallic orthopedic implant at 1.5 T in a full-body birdcage RF coil.
Improvement of severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms following surgical treatment of cervical spinal stenosis (2018)

The prompt post-surgical restoration of more normal function suggests that cervical spine stenosis contributed to the pathogenesis of refractory ME/CFS and orthostatic symptoms. The improvements following surgery emphasize the importance of a careful search for myelopathic examination findings in those with ME/CFS, especially when individuals with severe impairment are not responding to treatment.
Culture-Independent Identification of Microorganisms That Respond to Specified Stimuli (1999)

A new approach that permits culture-independent identification of microorganisms that respond to specified stimuli was developed. This approach was illustrated by examination of microorganisms that grew in response to various nutrient supplements added to soil. A thymidine nucleotide analog, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and supplements were added to soil and incubated for 3 days. DNA was extracted from the soil, and the newly synthesized DNA was isolated by immunocapture of the BrdU-labeled DNA. The unique perspective this approach offers was demonstrated by comparing the microbial community structures obtained from total soil DNA and the BrdU-labeled fraction in an rRNA gene (rDNA) analysis. The traditional total DNA analysis revealed no notable differences between the treatments, whereas the BrdU-labeled DNA showed significantly different banding patterns between the nutrient supplement treatments and compared with total DNA banding patterns. PCR primers were developed to specifically amplify the intergenic region of an rDNA sequence unique to the BrdU analysis of a phosphate supplement treatment. Amplification of DNA from all treatments using these primers showed that it was unique to the phosphate treatment and that it was present in both the total DNA and BrdU-labeled DNA fractions. This result demonstrates the promise of this new strategy, because it was able to permit identification of a sequence from a phosphate-responsive organism that was not discernable in the traditional total DNA community structure analysis.
Phosphorylated Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Positive Cells With Anti-apoptotic Properties Accumulate in the Synovium of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2019)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease caused by inflammation of the synovium and characterized by chronic polyarthritis that destroys bone and cartilage. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in the synovium of patients with RA can promote cartilage and bone destruction by producing proteins such as matrix metalloproteinases and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, thereby representing an important therapeutic target for RA. FLSs have several phenotypes depending on which cell surface proteins and adhesion factors are expressed. Identifying the cellular functions associated with different phenotypes and methods of controlling them are considered essential for developing therapeutic strategies for RA. In this study, synovial tissue was collected from patients with RA and control subjects who required surgery due to ligament injury or fracture. Immunohistological analysis was used to investigate the rates of positivity for phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-αβ (pPDGFRαβ) and cadherin-11 (CDH11) expression, and apoptosis-related markers were assessed for each cell phenotype. Next, FLSs were isolated <i>in vitro</i> and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in addition to a combination of PDGF and transforming growth factor (2GF) to investigate pPDGFRαβ and CDH11 expression and the effects of the inhibition of TNF and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 on FLSs. Immunohistological analysis showed a large percentage of pPDGFRαβ+CDH11- cells in the sub-lining layer (SL) of patients with RA. These cells exhibited increased B-cell lymphoma-2 expression, reduced TNF receptor-1 expression, resistance to cell death, and abnormal proliferation, suggesting a tendency to accumulate in the synovium. Further, <i>in vitro</i> 2GF stimulation of FLSs lowered, whereas 2GF + TNF stimulation increased the pPDGFRαβ/CDH11 ratio. Hypothesizing that FLSs stimulated with 2GF + TNF would accumulate <i>in vivo</i> in RA, we determined the therapeutic effects of TNF and CDK4/6 inhibitors. The TNF inhibitor lowered the pPDGFRαβ/CDH11 ratio, whereas the CDK4/6 inhibitor suppressed cell proliferation. However, a synergistic effect was not observed by combining both the drugs. We observed an increase in pPDGFRαβ+CDH11- cells in the SL of the RA synovium and accumulation of these cells in the synovium. We found that the TNF inhibitor suppressed FLS activity and the CDK4/6 inhibitor reduced cell proliferation.
DNA restriction endonuclease profiles and typing of geographically diverse isolates ofBacillus larvae (1994)

SUMMARYDNA isolated from each of 20 Bacillus larvae isolates of geographically diverse origin (17 from Australia, one each from Fiji, Mexico and New Zealand) and cultured on brain heart infusion agar was digested with a range of restriction endonucleases. Based upon the degree of similarity in restriction endonuclease fragment patterns (REFP) produced by the restriction endonuclease Cfo I, five clonal types of B. larvae were identified. REFP were resolved on 3.5% Polyacrylamide gels and visualized by silver staining. All the isolates showed many similarities in their REFP, however, those isolates cultured from geographically localized regions showed the greatest similarity. The superior resolving capabilities of polyacrylamide enabled these isolates to be further sub-typed according to minor variations in REFP.
Modelling a Framework for Plugins (2003)

Using plugins as a mechanism for extending applications to provide extra functionality is appealing, but current implementations are limited in scope. We have designed a framework to allow the construction of flexible and complex systems from plugin components. In this paper we describe how the use of modelling techniques helped in the exploration of design issues and refine our ideas before implementing them. We present both an informal model and a formal specification produced using Alloy. Alloy&amp;apos;s associated tools allowed us to analyse the plugin system&amp;apos;s behaviour statically.
Kinetics of Nitroxide Mediated Radical Polymerization of Styrene with Unimolecular Initiators (2010)

Abstract Summary: This study examined the kinetics of nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of styrene with unimolecular (alkoxyamine) initiators. Control of polymerization rate and polymer molecular weight in unimolecular nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization was studied by looking at the effects of the three main factors: initiator concentration, temperature, and initiator molecular weight on polymerization rate, molecular weight and polydispersity. In addition, the behavior of the unimolecular initiating systems was compared to that of the corresponding bimolecular system. The effective TEMPO concentration and degree of self‐initiation of styrene were proved to be significant in dictating magnitudes of molecular weight averages and widths of molecular weight distribution.
Cutaneous Carcinoma During Long-term Hydroxyurea Therapy: A Report of 5 Cases (1996)

Five cases of cutaneous carcinoma occurred during long-term hydroxyurea therapy. Herein the responsibility of this drug in the onset of the tumors will be discussed. <h3>Report of Cases.</h3> Five white patients with skin photo-type II or III, were living in France and had no history of cutaneous carcinoma before treatment (<b>Table 1</b>and<b>Table 2</b>). The patients received hydroxyurea for 2 to 10 years (mean, 6½ years), with cumulative dosesbetween 650 and 3600 g. The patients' mean age was 71 years. Cutaneous carcinomas are actually frequent in the eighth decade of life; nevertheless, we suspect hydroxyurea of having a cutaneous carcinogenic effect in these patients, although it is now impossible to prove this. Indeed, our attention was drawn because of the sudden onset of tumors over a few weeks in patient 1, the large number and size of tumors in patients 2 and 5, and the remarkable absence of
Achieving Superior Financial Performance in China: Differentiation, Cost Leadership, or Both? (2008)

Firms operating in emerging economies must make appropriate marketing strategy choices to address the idiosyncratic challenges of rapid changes and institutional voids. The authors investigate when various types of marketing strategies work by examining the effects of both pure and dual strategies on financial performance for domestic versus foreign firms and across different market concentration levels in China's emerging economy. According to a survey of 249 firms, the effectiveness of specific strategy choices varies depending on domesticity and the level of market concentration. In particular, the impacts of both cost and dual strategies on financial performance are stronger for foreign firms than for domestic firms. Although cost-leadership and dual strategies are less effective in less concentrated markets than in more concentrated ones, the effect of a differentiation strategy is stronger when the level of market concentration is low rather than high.
Electro-osmotic screening of the DNA charge in a nanopore (2008)

Extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the microscopic origin of the force experienced by DNA in a bulk electrolyte and a solid-state nanopore when subject to an external electrostatic field E. The effective screening of the DNA charge was found to originate from the hydrodynamic drag of the electro-osmotic flow that is driven by the motion of counterions along the surface of DNA. We show that the effective driving force F in a nanopore obeys the same law as in a bulk electrolyte: F=ximuE , where xi and mu are the friction coefficient and electrophoretic mobility of DNA, respectively. Using this relationship, we suggest a method for determining the effective driving force on DNA in a nanopore that does not require a direct force measurement.
Solution-processed polycrystalline silicon on paper (2015)

Printing electronics has led to application areas which were formerly impossible with conventional electronic processes. Solutions are used as inks on top of large areas at room temperatures, allowing the production of fully flexible circuitry. Commonly, research in these inks have focused on organic and metal-oxide ink materials due to their printability, while these materials lack in the electronic performance when compared to silicon electronics. Silicon electronics, on the other hand, has only recently found their way in solution processes. Printing of cyclopentasilane as the silicon ink has been conducted and devices with far superior electric performance have been made when compared to other ink materials. A thermal annealing step of this material, however, was necessary, which prevented its usage on inexpensive substrates with a limited thermal budget. In this work, we introduce a method that allows polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) production directly from the same liquid silicon ink using excimer laser irradiation. In this way, poly-Si could be formed directly on top of paper even with a single laser pulse. Using this method, poly-Si transistors were created at a maximum temperature of only 150 °C. This method allows silicon device formation on inexpensive, temperature sensitive substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or paper, which leads to applications that require low-cost but high-speed electronics.
A mimicking red blood cell autoantibody accompanying transfusion and alloimmunization (1982)

A patient with sickle cell disease who concomitantly developed red cell autoimmunity and alloimmunization is reported. The implied but 'wrong' specificity of the autoantibody mimicked one of the alloantibodies in the patient's serum. Although the patient's red blood cells phenotyped at Ro4, anti-rh" was eluted from them on several occasions. Absorption and secondary elution from selected cells proved the cell bound antibody had a unique and independent specificity from the anti-rh" in his serum. Standard antibody identification procedures did not distinguish these differences.
Patient Compliance with Clinical Follow-up After Total Joint Arthroplasty (2008)

Patient compliance with clinical follow-up after total joint arthroplasty in response to a verbal request made by the surgeon once at three months and once at one year postoperatively was poor in this series. These data indicate that this method (one-time verbal instruction) is insufficient to ensure compliance for follow-up after total joint arthroplasty.
A Study of High-Frequency Bandpass Delta-Sigma Transmitter Architectures (2006)

International audience
Reference Ranges for Spirometry Across All Ages (2007)

The modeling technique provides an elegant solution to a complex and longstanding problem. Furthermore, it provides a biologically plausible and statistically robust means of developing continuous reference ranges from early childhood to old age. These dynamic models provide a platform from which future studies can be developed to continue to improve the accuracy of reference data for pulmonary function tests.
Coordination of time delay and GCSC for frequency stabilization of dual‐area interlinked microgrid using non‐integer controller optimization (2023)

Abstract This study presents a novel frequency regulation solution for renewables (wind‐solar tower)‐bio (biodiesel‐biogas) cogenerated independent dual‐area interlinked microgrid power system (IµPS) with collective effect of time delay and flexible gate‐controlled series capacitor (GCSC). As a component, a non‐integer proportional fractional integral fractional derivative (PFIFD) controller is introduced whose dynamic responses is compared with integer order PID (IOPID) and fractional order PI (FOPI) controllers. The findings demonstrate that the suggested non‐integer PFIFD controller performs better than IOPID and FOPI at giving superior dynamic properties, such as different decision parameters and minimum error function (J). Subsequently, to obtain the optimally tuned controllers’ parameters, a recently developed yellow saddle goatfish technique (YSGA) is leveraged. In this study, the comparative effect of time delay, interline power flow controller (IPFC) and GCSC scheme have been analyzed under real time wind data in IµPS. Further, a meticulous sensitivity assessment of YSGA tuned PFIFD controller is performed under different uncertainties. The improved results show that the recommended YSGA‐based PFIFD controller offers a wonderful improvement in system frequency stability under a variety of situations, including system uncertainties, physical constraints, and significant renewables penetration. Finally, real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation platform is utilized to validate the proposed control approach.
Laser-diode-pumped nonlinear switch in erbium-doped fiber (1992)

We describe a two-mode fiber switch made of a short length of erbium-doped fiber in which switching is accomplished by a nonlinearity that is resonantly enhanced by the dopant. In a 0.95-m fiber pumped with a 1.48-μm laser diode, a 906-nm signal is switched with only 8 mW of absorbed power at a signal absorption loss of 0.25 dB.