gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition of the microbial communities of bituminous constructions at natural oil seeps at the bottom of Lake Baikal (2013)

Microbial communities of two bituminous constructions at the bottom of Lake Baikal in the region of natural oil seeps at a depth of 900 m have been investigated. Construction 8 contained biodegraded hydrocarbons, and construction 3, through which oil seeped, contained material that experienced biodegradation to a lesser degree. The composition of the microbial communities was studied by means of pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Most of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences identified in both bituminous constructions were attributed to proteobacteria, along with which Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and TM7 were revealed. About 40% of the bacterial sequences in bituminous construction 3 belonged to representatives of uncultured groups within the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and the phylum Bacteroidetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of archaea belonged to aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the orders Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanobacteriales. The 16S rRNA genes of various groups of bacteria carrying out aerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds and n-alkanes were found; their compositions differed between the constructions. Neither known groups of denitrifying betaproteobacteria nor known groups of sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacteria capable of carrying out anaerobic degradation of n-alkanes were found, which agrees with the low content of nitrate and sulfate in the water. In the anaerobic zone of bituminous constructions, the processes of biodegradation of hydrocarbons are probably carried out in the absence of alternative electron acceptors by the syntrophic community, including deltaproteobacteria of the genus Syntrophus and methanogenic archaea.
Angiotensin blockade therapy and survival in pancreatic cancer: a population study (2022)

The results of this large population study suggest that exposures to ARBs and ACE inhibitors after PC diagnosis are significantly associated with improved survival. ARBs and ACE inhibitors could be important considerations for treating PC patients, particularly those with the worst prognosis and most limited treatment options. Considering that these common FDA approved drugs are inexpensive to payers and present minimal increased risk of adverse events to patients, there is an urgent need for randomized clinical trials, large simple randomized trials, or pragmatic clinical trials to formally and broadly evaluate the effects of ARBs and ACE inhibitors on survival in PC patients.
Equivalence of time and aperture domain additive noise in ultrasound coherence (2015)

Ultrasonic echoes backscattered from diffuse media, recorded by an array transducer and appropriately focused, demonstrate coherence predicted by the van Cittert-Zernike theorem. Additive noise signals from off-axis scattering, reverberation, phase aberration, and electronic (thermal) noise can all superimpose incoherent or partially coherent signals onto the recorded echoes, altering the measured coherence. An expression is derived to describe the effect of uncorrelated random channel noise in terms of the noise-to-signal ratio. Equivalent descriptions are made in the aperture dimension to describe uncorrelated magnitude and phase apodizations of the array. Binary apodization is specifically described as an example of magnitude apodization and adjustments are presented to minimize the artifacts caused by finite signal length. The effects of additive noise are explored in short-lag spatial coherence imaging, an image formation technique that integrates the calculated coherence curve of acquired signals up to a small fraction of the array length for each lateral and axial location. A derivation of the expected contrast as a function of noise-to-signal ratio is provided and validation is performed in simulation.
A universal finite memory source (1995)

An irreducible parameterization for a finite memory source is constructed in the form of a tree machine. A universal information source for the set of finite memory sources is constructed by a predictive modification of an earlier studied algorithm-Context. It is shown that this universal source incorporates any minimal data-generating tree machine in an asymptotically optimal manner in the following sense: the negative logarithm of the probability it assigns to any long typical sequence, generated by any tree machine, approaches that assigned by the tree machine at the best possible rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Time Dependent Changes in the Ovine Neurovascular Unit; A Potential Neuroprotective Role of Annexin A1 in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (2023)

Perinatal brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is characterized by high mortality rates and long-term disabilities. Previously, we demonstrated that depletion of Annexin A1, an essential mediator in BBB integrity, was associated with a temporal loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity after HI. Since the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating the impact of HI are not fully scrutinized, we aimed to gain mechanistic insight into the dynamics of essential BBB structures following global HI in relation to ANXA1 expression. Global HI was induced in instrumented preterm ovine fetuses by transient umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) or sham occlusion (control). BBB structures were assessed at 1, 3, or 7 days post-UCO by immunohistochemical analyses of ANXA1, laminin, collagen type IV, and PDGFRβ for pericytes. Our study revealed that within 24 h after HI, cerebrovascular ANXA1 was depleted, which was followed by depletion of laminin and collagen type IV 3 days after HI. Seven days post-HI, increased pericyte coverage, laminin and collagen type IV expression were detected, indicating vascular remodeling. Our data demonstrate novel mechanistic insights into the loss of BBB integrity after HI, and effective strategies to restore BBB integrity should potentially be applied within 48 h after HI. ANXA1 has great therapeutic potential to target HI-driven brain injury.
Mise en Évidence de Nouveaux Analogues du Taxol Extraits de Taxus baccata (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMise en Évidence de Nouveaux Analogues du Taxol Extraits de Taxus baccataV. Sénilh, S. Blechert, M. Colin, D. Guénard, F. Picot, P. Potier, and P. VarenneCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 1, 131–137Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50031a019https://doi.org/10.1021/np50031a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat Transfer during Cooling of Heated Metals with Vaporizable Liquids (2010)

Generally, hot metals are quenched by liquids, by immersing the hot metals into a liquid bath, or by spraying the hot metal with a l iquid. These three quenching techniques are shown in Figure 6.1. Independent of the type of quenching, a stable vapor lm forms over the hot surface which exhibits an insulating effect so that cooling during this lm boiling process is relatively low. The vapor lm collapses when the temperature of the surface falls below the Leidenfrost temperature. Figure 2.1 shows that in subsequent ranges of partial lm boiling and nucleate boiling, a con siderably larger heat ow is transferred allowing the metal to cool rapidly. Heat loss during lm boiling and the in uence on the Leidenfrost temperature are dependent on the quenching process.
Optochemical Control of DNA‐Switching Circuits for Logic and Probabilistic Computation (2020)

Precise control of DNA-circuit functions facilitates the construction of complex DNA networks to perform sophisticated functions. Inspired by optochemical genetics with high precision for controlling and studying neural networks by photoregulation of membrane receptors, we herein report optochemically controlled DNA switching circuits for regulating computation functions. The DNA-switching circuits involve a CG-C<sup>+</sup> triplex-based DNA switch that undergoes structural transition from triplex to duplex states after exposure to UV irradiation due to proton transfer, showing optochemical control. We demonstrate that the DNA-switching circuits enable the regulation of computation functions by optochemical control of the state of the DNA switch, including multiple logic computations and probabilistic computation. We hope this work will broaden DNA-circuit functions and facilitate the construction of complex DNA networks.
Association of Oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses(HPV 16, 18) with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer (1993)

The prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16&#13;\nand 18 was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in cervical&#13;\nscrapes omitting prior DNA extraction. Samples were obtained from 70&#13;\ngynecologic inpatients with normal cervix and 160 women with cervical&#13;\nneoplastic lesion ( N = 50 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, N = 50 in&#13;\nCIN II, N = 30 in CIN III, N = 30 in invasive cervical cancer). Eight members were&#13;\nexcluded from the data due to failure of ,f3-g10bin amplification during the PCR&#13;\nprocedure. The HPV 16 prevalence rate was 19.1 % (13/68) in the normal&#13;\ngroup, 38.8 % (19/49) in CIN 1,57.1 % (28/49) in CIN 11,75.9 % (22/29) in CIN&#13;\nIII, 88.9% (24/27) in invasive cancer. For HPV type 18, DNA positivity was 4.4 %&#13;\n(3/68), 8.2 % (4/49), 12.2 % (6/49), 13.8 % (4/29), 18.5 % (5/27),&#13;\nrespectively. In the whole series a consistent correlation was found between HPV&#13;\npositivity and severity of cervical lesion. HPV 16 was the more prevalent type and&#13;\nabout five times more common than HPV 18. These results suggest that HPV 16&#13;\nand 18 may be strongly associated with carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. The&#13;\nhigh risk HPV typing by direct PCR from cervical scrapes can be used as a useful&#13;\nmarker for the presence of neoplastic cells and also served as a simple tool in&#13;\nidentifying women who are at risk of developing dysplasia and cervical cancer.
The theory of semiconductor magnetoplasmon-polariton surface modes: Voigt geometry (1978)

The theory of surface plasmon-polariton propagation on a semiconductor exposed to an external constant, magnetic field is developed. A Voigt configuration is chosen in which the magnetic field is parallel to the surface but is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Spatial dispersion and surface inhomogeneity are included and comprehensive analytical and numerical solutions are given. An application of a novel integral-matrix technique enables the type of a surface density profile to be chosen on the grounds of simplicity. It is shown that the introduction of spatial dispersion creates modes with complex frequencies and these are computed and discussed in detail. The combination of surface structure and spatial dispersion introduces extra modes which are sensitive to the applied magnetic field.
The Prevention of Laparoscopic Bile Duct Injuries: An Analysis of 300 Cases of from a Human Factors and Cognitive Psychology Perspective (2007)

Application of human factors concepts to high-risk activities has facilitated reduction in human error. With introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidence of bile duct injury increased. Seeking ideas for prevention, we analyzed 300 laparoscopic bile duct injuries within the framework of human error analysis. The primary cause of error (97%) was a visual perceptual illusion. The laparoscopic environment contributed to 75% of injuries, poor visibility 22%. Most injuries involved deliberate major bile duct transection due to misperception of the anatomy. This illusion was so compelling that the surgeon usually did not recognize it. Even when irregular cues were detected, improper rules were employed, eliminating feedback. Since the complication-causing error occurred at few key steps during laparoscopic cholecystectomy; we instituted focused training to heighten vigilance, and have formulated specific rules to decrease the incidence of bile duct injury. In addition, factors in the laparoscopic environment contributing to this illusion are discussed.
When Is Amplification Necessary for Composition in Randomized Query\n Complexity? (2020)

Suppose we have randomized decision trees for an outer function $f$ and an\ninner function $g$. The natural approach for obtaining a randomized decision\ntree for the composed function $(f\\circ\ng^n)(x^1,\\ldots,x^n)=f(g(x^1),\\ldots,g(x^n))$ involves amplifying the success\nprobability of the decision tree for $g$, so that a union bound can be used to\nbound the error probability over all the coordinates. The amplification\nintroduces a logarithmic factor cost overhead. We study the question: When is\nthis log factor necessary? We show that when the outer function is parity or\nmajority, the log factor can be necessary, even for models that are more\npowerful than plain randomized decision trees. Our results are related to, but\nqualitatively strengthen in various ways, known results about decision trees\nwith noisy inputs.\n
Bond selectivity in electron-induced reaction due to directed recoil on an anisotropic substrate (2016)

Bond-selective reaction is central to heterogeneous catalysis. In heterogeneous catalysis, selectivity is found to depend on the chemical nature and morphology of the substrate. Here, however, we show a high degree of bond selectivity dependent only on adsorbate bond alignment. The system studied is the electron-induced reaction of meta-diiodobenzene physisorbed on Cu(110). Of the adsorbate's C-I bonds, C-I aligned 'Along' the copper row dissociates in 99.3% of the cases giving surface reaction, whereas C-I bond aligned 'Across' the rows dissociates in only 0.7% of the cases. A two-electronic-state molecular dynamics model attributes reaction to an initial transition to a repulsive state of an Along C-I, followed by directed recoil of C towards a Cu atom of the same row, forming C-Cu. A similar impulse on an Across C-I gives directed C that, moving across rows, does not encounter a Cu atom and hence exhibits markedly less reaction.
CRISPR Activation Enhances In Vitro Potency of AAV Vectors Driven by Tissue-Specific Promoters (2019)

Validation of gene transfer vectors containing tissue-specific promoters in cell-based functional assays poses a formidable challenge for gene therapy product development. Here, we describe a novel approach based on CRISPR/dCas9 transcriptional activation to achieve robust transgene expression from transgene cassettes containing tissue or cell type-specific promoters after infection with AAV vectors in cell-based systems. Guide RNA sequences targeting two promoters that are highly active within mammalian photoreceptors were screened in a novel promoter activation assay. Using this screen, we generated and characterized stable cell lines that co-express dCas9.VPR and top-performing guide RNA candidates. These cells exhibit potent activation of proviral plasmids after transfection or after infection with AAV vectors delivering transgene cassettes carrying photoreceptor-specific promoters. In addition, we interrogated mechanisms to optimize this platform through the addition of multiple guide RNA sequences and co-expression of the universal adeno-associated virus receptor (AAVR). Collectively, this investigation identifies a rapid and broadly applicable strategy to enhance <i>in vitro</i> expression and to evaluate potency of AAV vectors that rely upon cell or tissue-specific regulatory elements.
Insulin induced reversibility of altered responsiveness in femoral arterial bed of diabetic dogs. (1988)

The altered reactivities of femoral arterial bed to noradrenaline, phenylephrine, adenosine and prostacyclin were compared in 18, clinically manifest but aketotic, alloxan diabetic mongrel dogs. Alloxan treatment markedly increased the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline and phenylephrine, as well as the adenosine-induced vasodilation in the femoral vasculature. These changes were prevented or normalized, respectively, in the early or late insulin-treated alloxan diabetic animals. In the case of noradrenaline not only a normalization but also an explicit overcompensation could be observed by insulin treatment. The altered reactivity to prostacyclin could not be influenced by insulin therapy. These results indicate a significant difference in the effect of insulin treatment on the altered diabetic vascular responsiveness to catecholamines and adenosine or to prostacyclin.
On applying non-classical defect models to automated diagnosis (2002)

Automated fault diagnosis based on the stuck-at fault model is not always effective. This paper presents practical experiences in applying a bridging fault based diagnosis technique to a TI ASIC design. Results are presented for units into which known bridging defects have been introduced via a focused ion beam (FIB) machine.
Adaptive Feedback Cancellation in Hearing Aids Based on Orthonormal Basis Functions With Prediction-Error Method Based Prewhitening (2020)

Acoustic feedback is a persistent problem in hearing aids, which limits the achievable amplification and may severely degrade the sound quality by producing howling artifacts. A potential approach to feedback cancellation is to estimate the feedback path utilizing an adaptive filter. However, estimation of the feedback path suffers a large model error, known as the bias, due to the correlation between the loudspeaker and source signals. A prediction-error method (PEM) based prewhitening filter has been widely utilized to reduce the bias. This approach, however, requires a large number of adaptive parameters, thus increasing the computational complexity, reducing the convergence rate, and limiting the added stable gain. We introduce an adaptive feedback cancellation (AFC) algorithm derived based on the orthonormal basis functions (OBFs) for closed-loop identification of the feedback path by minimizing the prediction error. The OBFs are defined by a set of fixed poles and a small number of adaptive tap-output weights. We study two methods for obtaining the fixed poles, an inherently stable least-squares method and a log-scale frequency resolution method. The poles are then embedded as the a priori information into the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is extensively evaluated with speech and music source signals and with sudden changes in the feedback path. The experimental results show that the proposed method significantly increases the added stable gain, accelerates the convergence rate, and enhances the sound quality compared to state-of-the-art, while requiring far fewer adaptive parameters which leads to reduced computational complexity.
Effect of surface roughness on the pitting corrosion behavior of 316 and 304l Stainless Steel in Saline Media (2001)

Austenitic stainless steels are commonly used in both nuclear power industries as well as in nuclear research reactors. They are used as cladding materials for control rod assemblies and also in the construction of the core components. Severe operating conditions of temperature, pressure and neutron irradiation lead to degradation in both corrosion and mechanical properties. Iocalized corrosion are the most common and dangerous type of attack. In the present investigation, the effect of surface roughness on the pitting corrosion behavior of 316 and 304l stainless steels was studied. Experimental results showed that rough surfaces are more susceptible to pitting corrosion than smooth ones. Moreover, 316 alloy exhibits a substantial resistance to this type of attack compared to 304l alloy. Electrochemical findings are further supplemented by optical investigation of the corroded surfaces.
Location of Intra- and Extracellular M. tuberculosis Populations in Lungs of Mice and Guinea Pigs during Disease Progression and after Drug Treatment (2011)

The lengthy treatment regimen for tuberculosis is necessary to eradicate a small sub-population of M. tuberculosis that persists in certain host locations under drug pressure. Limited information is available on persisting bacilli and their location within the lung during disease progression and after drug treatment. Here we provide a comprehensive histopathological and microscopic evaluation to elucidate the location of bacterial populations in animal models for TB drug development.To detect bacilli in tissues, a new combination staining method was optimized using auramine O and rhodamine B for staining acid-fast bacilli, hematoxylin QS for staining tissue and DAPI for staining nuclei. Bacillary location was studied in three animal models used in-house for TB drug evaluations: C57BL/6 mice, immunocompromised GKO mice and guinea pigs. In both mouse models, the bacilli were found primarily intracellularly in inflammatory lesions at most stages of disease, except for late stage GKO mice, which showed significant necrosis and extracellular bacilli after 25 days of infection. This is also the time when hypoxia was initially visualized in GKO mice by 2-piminidazole. In guinea pigs, the majority of bacteria in lungs are extracellular organisms in necrotic lesions and only few, if any, were ever visualized in inflammatory lesions. Following drug treatment in mice a homogenous bacillary reduction across lung granulomas was observed, whereas in guinea pigs the remaining extracellular bacilli persisted in lesions with residual necrosis. In summary, differences in pathogenesis between animal models infected with M. tuberculosis result in various granulomatous lesion types, which affect the location, environment and state of bacilli. The majority of M. tuberculosis bacilli in an advanced disease state were found to be extracellular in necrotic lesions with an acellular rim of residual necrosis. Drug development should be designed to target this bacillary population and should evaluate drug regimens in the appropriate animal models.