gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biogenetically modeled synthesis via an indole acrylic ester. Total synthesis of (+-)-minovine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiogenetically modeled synthesis via an indole acrylic ester. Total synthesis of (+-)-minovineFrederick E. Ziegler and Ernest B. SpitznerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 21, 7146–7149Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00802a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00802a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Relationship between Ethylene Binding and Dominant Insensitivity Conferred by Mutant Forms of the ETR1 Ethylene Receptor (1999)

Ethylene responses in Arabidopsis are mediated by a small family of receptors, including the ETR1 gene product. Specific mutations in the N-terminal ethylene-binding domain of any family member lead to dominant ethylene insensitivity. To investigate the mechanism of ethylene insensitivity, we examined the effects of mutations on the ethylene-binding activity of the ETR1 protein expressed in yeast. The etr1-1 and etr1-4 mutations completely eliminated ethylene binding, while the etr1-3 mutation severely reduced binding. Additional site-directed mutations that disrupted ethylene binding in yeast also conferred dominant ethylene insensitivity when the mutated genes were transferred into wild-type Arabidopsis plants. By contrast, the etr1-2 mutation did not disrupt ethylene binding in yeast. These results indicate that dominant ethylene insensitivity may be conferred by mutations that disrupt ethylene binding or that uncouple ethylene binding from signal output by the receptor. Increased dosage of wild-type alleles in triploid lines led to the partial recovery of ethylene sensitivity, indicating that dominant ethylene insensitivity may involve either interactions between wild-type and mutant receptors or competition between mutant and wild-type receptors for downstream effectors.
ANE: Network Embedding via Adversarial Autoencoders (2018)

Network embedding is an important method to learn low-dimensional representations of vertexes in network, whose goal is to capture and preserve the highly non-linear network structures. Here, we propose an Adversarial autoencoders based Network Embedding method (ANE for short), which utilizes the rencently proposed adversarial autoencoders to perform variational inference by matching the aggregated posterior of low-dimensional representations of vertexes with an arbitraray prior distribution. This framework introduces adversarial regularization to autoencoders. And it is able to attaches the latent representations of similar vertexes to each other and thus prevents the manifold fracturing problem that is typically encountered in the embeddings learnt by the autoencoders. Experiments demonstrate the effictiveness of ANE on link prediction and multi-label classification on three real-world information networks.
Graph-Based Processing of Macromolecular Information (2015)

The complex information encoded into the element connectivity of a system gives rise to the possibility of graphical processing of divisible systems by using the Graph theory. An application in this sense is the quantitative characterization of molecule topologies of drugs, proteins and nucleic acids, in order to build mathematical models as Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationships between the molecules and a specific biological activity. These types of models can predict new drugs, molecular targets and molecular properties of new molecular structures with an important impact on the Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Diagnosis, and Treatment. The current review is focused on the mathematical methods to encode the connectivity information in three types of graphs such as star graphs, spiral graphs and contact networks and three in-house scientific applications dedicated to the calculation of molecular graph topological indices such as S2SNet, CULSPIN and MInD-Prot. In addition, some examples are presented, such as results of this methodology on drugs, proteins and nucleic acids, including the Web implementation of the best molecular prediction models based on graphs. Keywords: Molecular information, QSAR, Markov descriptors, graphs, complex networks, protein topological indices.
Solubilization and Enhancement of Ex Vivo Vaginal Delivery of Progesterone Using Solid Dispersions, Inclusion Complexes and Micellar Solubilization (2017)

These results confirm that Brij®35 and Pluronic® F-127 micelles are promising carriers to overcome PG shortcomings through enhancing its aqueous solubility and vaginal permeability.
ChemoVerse: Manifold Traversal of Latent Spaces for Novel Molecule Discovery. (2020)

In order to design a more potent and effective chemical entity, it is essential to identify molecular structures with the desired chemical properties. Recent advances in generative models using neural networks and machine learning are being widely used by many emerging startups and researchers in this domain to design virtual libraries of drug-like compounds. Although these models can help a scientist to produce novel molecular structures rapidly, the challenge still exists in the intelligent exploration of the latent spaces of generative models, thereby reducing the randomness in the generative procedure. In this work we present a manifold traversal with heuristic search to explore the latent chemical space. Different heuristics and scores such as the Tanimoto coefficient, synthetic accessibility, binding activity, and QED drug-likeness can be incorporated to increase the validity and proximity for desired molecular properties of the generated molecules. For evaluating the manifold traversal exploration, we produce the latent chemical space using various generative models such as grammar variational autoencoders (with and without attention) as they deal with the randomized generation and validity of compounds. With this novel traversal method, we are able to find more unseen compounds and more specific regions to mine in the latent space. Finally, these components are brought together in a simple platform allowing users to perform search, visualization and selection of novel generated compounds.
Defining function block types (2014)

This chapter reviews how to create type definitions for function blocks and shows how these can be used to create function block instances. Specifically the chapter: reviews different forms of function block definitions; shows how event and data interfaces can be defined and how the external visible behaviour of function blocks can be described; examines how algorithms are constructed and linked to the event execution; considers how instances of function blocks behave; and shows how function block instances can be aggregated to composite function blocks.
Structural characterization of Humic Materials Using 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques: A Comparison of Solution and Solid-State Methods (2014)

The analysis of carbon type distribution and chemical structure of natural organic matter (NOM) by 13C NMR spectroscopy is important for understanding its origins and reactivity. While prior work has used solution-state NMR, solid-state NMR has the potential to provide this information with less instrument time and sample processing, while providing an array of advanced filtering techniques. Quantitative and qualitative analyses with 13C solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques are described for three commercially available samples and one fulvic acid sample isolated from the Rio Grande in New Mexico. This study demonstrates the utility of solid-state 13C NMR for aquatic NOM structural characterization by determining the % carbon type for three standard natural organic materials and comparing these results to the existing solution-state 13C NMR determinations. The solid-state 13C MAS NMR results are used to determine % carbon distribution, estimates of elemental composition (%C, %H, %(O+N)), aromatic fraction (fa), nonprotonated aromatic fraction (faN), an estimate of aromatic cluster size, and ratio of sp2 to sp3 carbons. Additionally, Gaussian deconvolution is used for a more detailed analysis of carbon type than frequency band integration techniques. The solid-state 13C NMR results of these analyses indicate the chemical composition of Rio Grande fulvic acid has higher aromatic fraction and nonprotonated aromatic fraction (fa =0.32, faN = 0.21) and a lower sp2/sp3 fraction and cluster size (sp2/sp3 = 0.66, C = 6) compared to Suwannee River fulvic acid (fa = 0.18, faN = 0.10, sp2/sp3 = 0.82, C = 8).
Revue Systématique de la Littérature sur le Soutien à la Sécurité des Opérations de Drones (2021)

In this paper, we focus on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations safety support. This is a key issue for operators, who must comply with the european regulation. First, we introduce the important elements of a civil UAS, including the European regulation. Then we describe a systematic literature review on this topic. This results in the identification of the main approaches: Detect & Avoid, Human-Computer Interactions and Human Factors (HCI/HF), aircraft integrity, safety assessment, path planning, geofencing, cybersecurity and UAS traffic management. We further analyze the contributions related to HCI by identifying user tasks, interaction design recommendations for improving the safety of UAS operations and research perspectives. Finally, we discuss aspects that are poorly covered in the reviewed articles.
Altair Navigation During Translunar Cruise, Lunar Orbit, Descent, and Landing (2012)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Analysis of the Health Care Status of Child-Bearing Aged Women in Rural Areas in Beijing (2006)

Objective To understand the status of health care of married women in child-bearing age in rural areas in Beijing.Methods Questionnaire and individual interview were applied,the effective questionnaires retrieved were 556,with retrieving rates of 91.15%.Results Among the 556 married women,the average age was 36.29,most of them were graduated from junior high school or high school,and most of them were unemployed.95.8% of them had been checked up during the pregnant period,and 32.7% of them did not visit doctors.Conclusion The child-bearing aged women in rural areas have lower requirements to reproduction health and self care,and to guarantee of rights.The instructing work for women′s health care and family planning in rural areas should be enhanced.
Epigenetic modification of retinoic acid-treated human embryonic stem cells (2010)

Epigenetic modification of the genome through DNA methylation is the key to maintaining the differentiated state of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and it must be reset during differentiation by retinoic acid (RA) treatment. A genome-wide methylation/gene expression assay was performed in order to identify epigenetic modifications of RA-treated hESCs. Between undifferentiated and RA-treated hESCs, 166 differentially methylated CpG sites and 2,013 differentially expressed genes were discovered. Combined analysis of methylation and expression data revealed that 19 genes (STAP2, VAMP8, C10orf26, WFIKKN1, ELF3, C1QTNF6, C10orf10, MRGPRF, ARSE, LSAMP, CENTD3, LDB2, POU5F1, GSPT2, THY1, ZNF574, MSX1, SCMH1, and RARB) were highly correlated with each other. The results provided in this study will facilitate future investigations into the interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression through further functional and biological studies.
Abstractions considered helpful: A tools architecture for quantum annealers (2016)

Today's usable quantum computers, variously known as adiabatic quantum computers or quantum annealers and exemplified by the D-Wave 2X™ system, have an instruction set architecture foreign to mainstream classical computers and thus require a new class of programming tools to enable their widespread use. We submit that well-chosen abstractions, each balancing the ability of high- and low-level tools to use it, will play an essential role in fostering a vibrant ecosystem of such new tools. We propose the virtual quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (vQUBO) problem as one such abstraction and describe our experience in implementing and using it. As one step toward an effective quantum computing ecosystem, we invite other tool developers to create complementary tools that map from user problems to the vQUBO form for end-to-end usability and performance.
The dependence of the energy resolution of gas proportional scintillation counters on the scintillation region to photomultiplier distance (1991)

The energy resolution for broad X-ray beams of gas proportional scintillation counters (GPSC) with medium to large size windows, parallel grids, and no focusing system is discussed. The variation of the pulse amplitude with the radial distance is calculated for several distances, d, (taken from the bottom of the scintillation region to the photomultiplier's photocathode), in the 0-50 mm range and compared with experimental results. It is shown that for a 2-in photomultiplier d distances from 10-20 mm, commonly used in the detector designs, represent a worst-case situation. The best design performance for GPSC is obtained bringing the scintillation region closer to the photomultiplier window. The advantages of this design consist not only in a light collection improvement but also, and more importantly, in a small dependence of the detector amplitude on the X-ray radial interaction position, a factor that limits the detector resolution for broad X-ray beams.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Significant association and synergistic adverse prognostic effect of podocalyxin-like protein and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in colorectal cancer (2016)

The results from this study demonstrate that high expression of EGFR is an independent factor of poor prognosis in CRC. Moreover, strong links have been uncovered between expression of the recently proposed biomarker candidate PODXL with EGFR expression in CRC in vivo and in vitro, and with BRAF mutation in vivo. High expression of both PODXL and EGFR may also have a synergistic adverse effect on survival. These findings suggest a potential functional link in CRC between PODXL, EGFR and BRAF, all originating from chromosome 7, which may be highly relevant in the clinical setting and therefore merit future in-depth study.
Abstract 13279: Real-Time Arrhythmia Detection in Intensive Care Unit Using a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Approach (2021)

Background: Intensive care units (ICUs) admit high-risk patients whose physiological parameters are continuously monitored to provide timely care. However, traditional ICU monitors are known to generate high rate of false alarms (FAs) resulting in alarm fatigue. In this work, we investigate the use of a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture aiming to reduce the burden of FAs. Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed 953 independent life threatening alarms from the streaming data of 410 ICU patients. Specifically, we used four channels of electrocardiographic (ECG), arterial blood pressure (BP) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals to detect noise in each of the physiological signals, as well as the onset of an arrhythmia. To this end, we developed a hybrid CNN architecture that fuses the information from multiple physiological signals as well as the handcrafted features (Figure 1). Using 5-fold cross validation repeated for 5 times, we obtained an arrhythmia detection accuracy of 87.5% with a standard deviation of 0.5% (Table 1). In practice, the proposed hybrid-CNN algorithm would have suppressed 77.05% of the FA generated by an existing monitoring system, without prior knowledge of the underlying alarm, which is superior to any other published algorithm. Evaluation on the PhysioNet 2015 Challenge database achieved an overall classification accuracy of 93.9%, indicating its efficacy and generalizability. Further, our method remains adaptable to various arrhythmic conditions as well as multiple physiological signals. Conclusions: A hybrid CNN architecture can significantly reduce FA burden and hence improve the quality of care in ICUs
Mediation of Enhanced Transcription of the IL-10 Gene in T Cells, Upon Contact with Human Glioma Cells, by Fas Signaling Through a Protein Kinase A-Independent Pathway (2003)

Elevated expression of IL-10 has been frequently observed in tumor tissues and tumor-infiltrating cells. We show herein that transcription of the IL-10 gene in primary peripheral T cells and T cell lines is up-regulated upon contact with glioma cells without an induction of apoptosis in those T cells. Glioma-associated IL-10 induction was suppressed by interrupting the engagement of Fas and its ligand (Fas-L) with the antagonistic Ab, ZB4, by reducing Fas-L expression of glioma cells using the Fas-L-specific ribozyme, or by preventing cell-to-cell contact in a Transwell culture setting. Cross-linking of Fas with the agonistic Ab, CH-11, triggered apoptosis and enhanced the expression of IL-10 in Jurkat cells at the transcriptional and translational levels. Inhibiting caspase activities by caspase inhibitors, Z-VAD (Z-Val-Ala-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethylketone) and Z-IETD (Z-Ile-Glu(Ome)-Thr(Ome)-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethylketone), abolished this IL-10 induction in Jurkat cells. Intracellular staining detected IL-10 proteins in Fas-cross-linked Jurkat cells and in PHA-activated T cells. However, few IL-10 proteins were detectable in Jurkat cells cocultured with glioma cells, indicating a requirement of other factors for IL-10 production. Direct activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by forskolin elevated the transcription of IL-10 in Jurkat cells. However, KT5720, a selective PKA inhibitor, reduced neither anti-Fas-triggered nor glioma-associated IL-10 expression. Phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and activating transcription factor-1 in Jurkat cells was not affected by coculturing with glioma cells or by anti-Fas treatment, further suggesting a PKA-independent pathway. In summary, our results demonstrate nonlethal cross-talk between tumor and immune cells leading to IL-10 dysregulation in T cells, which might contribute to Fas-L(+) tumor-associated immunosuppression.
Rate constants for peptide p-nitrophenyl ester coupling reactions in dimethylformamide. Model for steric interactions in the peptide bond forming transition state (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate constants for peptide p-nitrophenyl ester coupling reactions in dimethylformamide. Model for steric interactions in the peptide bond forming transition stateD. S. Kemp, Shaw-Lwan Hsia Choong, and Jean PekaarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 26, 3841–3847Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00940a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00940a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single - Mode Fiber Polarizer (1990)

The technological aspects and researches results of single - mode fiber polarizer are described. Single - mode fiber has been polished and covered with metalic layer for undiserable polarization mode attenuation. The extinction ratio range from 10 to 28 dB was obtained at &lambda; = 0.63 and 0.85 µm. The general optimlization analysis of this kind of polarizers is presented, too.
A 38 GHz inverse class-F power amplifier with 38.5% peak PAE, 16.5 dB gain, and 50 mW P<inf>sat</inf> in 0.13-&#x00B5;m SiGe BiCMOS (2015)

This paper presents a 38 GHz 2-stage harmonic-tuned power amplifier consisted of a class-F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> output power amplifier proceeded by a class-AB driving stage in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. In order to shape highly efficient class-F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> current and voltage waveforms, the PA adopts multi-resonance series and parallel load networks that modulate load impedance to generate an optimum 50-Ω for signal band, high impedance at the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic band and low impedance at the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic band. Inter-stage matching between the driver and output stage is also applied to deliver optimal power to the output stage with a maximum PAE, resulting in 38.5% of peak PAE with 50 mW P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> at 38 GHz, which is one of the highest PAEs in silicon technology at mm-wave. The chip size is 0.9×0.55 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including all pads.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NEW PEPTIDE SEGMENTS OF GASTRIN EXHIBITING GASTRIN ANTAGONIST PROPERTY (1985)

Abstract Dargestellt und als Gastrin‐Antagonisten untersucht werden die Verbindungen (I)‐(V).