gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The zebrafish as a tool to identify novel therapies for human cardiovascular disease (2014)

Over the past decade, the zebrafish has become an increasingly popular animal model for the study of human cardiovascular disease. Because zebrafish embryos are transparent and their genetic manipulation is straightforward, the zebrafish has been used to recapitulate a number of cardiovascular disease processes ranging from congenital heart defects to arrhythmia to cardiomyopathy. The use of fluorescent reporters has been essential to identify two discrete phases of cardiomyocyte differentiation necessary for normal cardiac development in the zebrafish. These phases are analogous to the differentiation of the two progenitor heart cell populations in mammals, termed the first and second heart fields. The small size of zebrafish embryos has enabled high-throughput chemical screening to identify small-molecule suppressors of fundamental pathways in vasculogenesis, such as the BMP axis, as well as of common vascular defects, such as aortic coarctation. The optical clarity of zebrafish has facilitated studies of valvulogenesis as well as detailed electrophysiological mapping to characterize the early cardiac conduction system. One unique aspect of zebrafish larvae is their ability to oxygenate through diffusion alone, permitting the study of mutations that cause severe cardiomyopathy phenotypes such as silent heart and pickwick(m171), which mimic titin mutations observed in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Above all, the regenerative capacity of zebrafish presents a particularly exciting opportunity to discover new therapies for cardiac injury, including scar formation following myocardial infarction. This Review will summarize the current state of the field and describe future directions to advance our understanding of human cardiovascular disease.
Receiver Grouping with Local Recovery for Scalable Reliable Multicast. (2005)

Scalable Reliable Multicast Protocols that reduce processing requirements on receivers and senders have been the subject of much research in recent years. In [12] and [6] we propose a new protocol that groups receivers for error recovery into fixed-size groups, thus reducing their processing requirement to O(1). We expand on this work by applying the concept of Local Recovery to receiver groups, which further improves the processing requirements on the sender while maintaining a constant O(1) requirement on the receivers. Furthermore, we extrapolate the concept of receiver grouping to repair servers resulting in further reduction in the sender’s processing requirements. The processing requirements on both the sender and the receiver for both cases are analytically studied.
Nonlinear optical techniques for obtaining high brightness from diode lasers (1990)

How nonlinear optics can be used to obtain high brightness from diode lasers is described. The use of two-wave mixing to combined and clean up the output of any frequency-locked high-power device is addressed. The application of phase conjugation for coupling to lock lasers is considered.
The Effects of Varied Hydrogen Chloride Gas Concentrations on Corrosion Rates of Commercial Tube Alloys Under Simulated Environment of WTE Facilities (2008)

In order to clarify the effects of HCl concentrations on corrosion rates of commercial tubing in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) boilers, a corrosion test was made by altering the HCl concentration from 0 to 1000ppm, together with simulated flue gas composition. Three commercial tubing SA178A, SA213 T11 and NSSER-4 samples were investigated under a well controlled thermal gradient where the gas temperature was at 700°C and metal temperatures ranged from 480 to 580°C. The duration of each test was 100 hours. The posttest analyses included observations of surface morphology and elementary composition analysis of corrosion products by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion rates were acquired by measuring the mass loss of samples after the test. The results showed that the addition of HCl to the flue gas increased the corrosion rates of test samples, but the relation between the HCl concentration and corrosion rate was not linear. The HCl effects on corrosion rates were more prominent when its concentration changed from 0 to 500ppm. In addition, the HCl effects were promoted by the increase of metal temperature in particular when metal temperature was over 560°C.
"Natural", "Normal": Discourse and Practice at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, 1880-1920 (2008)

Elite physicians have been portrayed as opposed to the use of laboratory science in the hospital. In this paper John Harley WARNER's research regarding use of the terms "natural" and "normal" in case notes in the U.S., as representative of the growing influence of laboratory science in the hospital, is compared to use of these words at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England. Discourse at Bart's appears to support the view of elite opposition to the laboratory. However, the case notes reveal that the bacteriological laboratory was used at least as often as at Addenbrooke's. This apparent contradiction is investigated by examining how the words "natural" and "normal" were used, and the reception of experimental physiology at the hospitals. Samuel GEE, a physician at Bart's in the late nineteenth century, who also, at first glance, had contradictory views on the use of the laboratory in the hospital, is examined through his practice and writings in order to understand that representations of reception of laboratory science are not straightforward. Analysing changes in language over time shows that rhetoric and practice are not always aligned, and that language cannot always be seen as an indicator of the latter. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0701174
STUDY ON TRANSFORMATION MECHANISM OF SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN FCC (2000)

The cracking mechanism of sulfide in FCC was investigated in simulating fixed-bed catalytic cracking micro-unit using butyl sulfide, t-butyl sulfide, tetrahydrothiophene, ethyl phenyl sulfide as model sulfur compounds During catalytic cracking, alkylsulfide could be converted completely with hydrogen sulfide as main product The reaction conditions did not influence considerably on the degree of conversion Cyclic sulfide could be transformed mostly or completely, the degree of conversion was associated with the reaction conditions and solvent's hydrogen-supply ability The conversion was raised with the rise of temperature and the enhancement of solvent's hydrogen-supply ability The main products were hydrogen sulfide, thiophene and its alkylated products Aryl sulfide could be converted completely with hydrogen sulfide, thiophenol and its alkylated products was the main products
Information Surfaces in Systems Biology and Applications to Engineering\n Sustainable Agriculture (2011)

Systems biology of plants offers myriad opportunities and many challenges in\nmodeling. A number of technical challenges stem from paucity of computational\nmethods for discovery of the most fundamental properties of complex dynamical\nsystems. In systems engineering, eigen-mode analysis have proved to be a\npowerful approach. Following this philosophy, we introduce a new theory that\nhas the benefits of eigen-mode analysis, while it allows investigation of\ncomplex dynamics prior to estimation of optimal scales and resolutions.\nInformation Surfaces organizes the many intricate relationships among\n"eigen-modes" of gene networks at multiple scales and via an adaptable\nmulti-resolution analytic approach that permits discovery of the appropriate\nscale and resolution for discovery of functions of genes in the model plant\nArabidopsis. Applications are many, and some pertain developments of crops that\nsustainable agriculture requires.\n
Maspin gene expression in tumor suppression induced by overexpressing manganese-containing superoxide dismutase cDNA in human breast cancer cells (1998)

We have reported the tumor suppressive effects of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in human breast cancer cells. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of this anti-tumor effect, we asked whether tumor suppressor gene(s), especially the ones inhibiting tumor invasion and motility, are involved in MnSOD-induced tumor suppression. Maspin is one of the serpin family of protease inhibitors that has been shown to function as a tumor-suppressor in human breast epithelium. In the present study, we demonstrated that maspin expression was up-regulated in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells that overexpress a normal MnSOD gene. The induced maspin transcripts were detected by RT-PCR and Northern blot and identified by sequencing. Maspin gene expression was induced in parallel with the level of exogenous MnSOD protein, which was induced by transfection with varied amounts of cDNA. In order to analyze cell invasion ability, which may be related to the induced maspin gene expression, MnSOD stable transfectants were tested using a matrigel invasion chamber. The invasion ability was reduced to 24% and 36% in the cloned (MCF + SOD) and pooled MnSOD-transfectants (MCF + SODp) respectively, compared with the wild-type MCF-7 cell line. In conclusion, these results suggest that overexpression of a normal MnSOD cDNA in human breast cancer cells up-regulates the gene expression of the protease inhibitor, maspin, which may play a role in the inhibitory function of MnSOD on tumor invasion.
Navigation Technologies for Future Autonomous Vehicles (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;There are three &amp;amp;#8216;pillars&amp;amp;#8217; that define the performance or usefulness of a navigation technologies &amp;amp;#8211; cost, accuracy, and continuity. Navigation is a field that has been fascinating humankind for thousands of years and these pillars have been evolving with new technological advancements.&amp;amp;#160; The current market in positioning and navigation is clearly dominated by GNSS. Besides being globally available, it meets two important pillars: accuracy and cost by providing the whole range of navigation accuracies at very low cost. It is also highly portable, has low power consumption, and is well suited for integration with other sensors, communication links, and databases.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;At this point in the development of navigation technology, the need for alternative positioning systems only arises because GNSS does meet the continuity pillar as it does not work in all environments. Furthermore, there has been a constant market push to develop navigation systems that are accurate, continuous and easy to afford. Needless to say, that cost, and space constraints are currently driving manufacturers of cars, portable devices (e.g. smartphones), and autonomous systems (e.g. self-driving, drones and agriculture machine systems) systems to investigate and develop next generation of low cost and small size navigation systems to meet the fast-growing autonomous vehicles and location services market demands. This presentation will provide a state of the art and future trends of sensors used for navigation of autonomous vehicles: possibilities, limitations and various design approaches.&amp;amp;#160; Emphasis will be on sensors and technologies that can navigate autonomous vehicles everywhere and at any time independent of weather and light conditions. Some of the current developed and possible future system&amp;amp;#8217;s accuracy performance will be demonstrated through different implementations/applications using Propound Positioning Inc technologies.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Two-Dimensional Rigid-Body Collisions With Friction (1992)

This paper presents an analysis of a two-dimensional rigid-body collision with dry friction. We use Routh’s graphical method to describe an impact process and to determine the frictional impulse. We classify the possible modes of impact, and derive analytical expressions for impulse, using both Poisson’s and Newton’s models of restitution. We also address a new class of impacts, tangential impact, with zero initial approach velocity. Some methods for rigid-body impact violate energy conservation principles, yielding solutions that increase system energy during an impact. To avoid such anomalies, we show that Poisson’s hypothesis should be used, rather than Newton’s law of restitution. In addition, correct identification of the contact mode of impact is essential.
Online and offline anger detection via electromyography analysis (2017)

Emotional states involving anger, hostility, anxiety and stress have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Online emotion recognition has achieved little attention in the literature in comparison to offline approaches. We present both online and offline methods to identify anger based on EMG data. In the offline method, the Hilbert-Huang transform is used to extract energy features from different time-frequency blocks. This approach achieves an overall classification accuracy of 87.5%. We also develop a novel online method combining machine learning with the tracking of a single parameter for anger detection. Here, band energy is calculated within time windows, and is continuously adjusted based on classified peak amplitudes. Although this technique has a lower classification accuracy than the offline method, it is quite promising as it is well-suited for wearable monitoring and long-term stress management.
Control-oriented model-based ignition timing prediction for high-degrees-of-freedom spark ignition engines (2012)

The pressure to improve automotive fuel economy and emissions has driven the introduction of more complex spark ignition engines. As the number of control actuators increases, traditional ignition timing calibration and control methods become restrictive, creating a need for new feedforward approaches to manage transient operation. This research was conducted to determine whether a control-oriented turbulent flame entrainment model could be developed to predict the ignition timing of an engine with a large number of control actuators. A physics-based approach is used to capture the influence of additional control actuators on the complex interactions affecting the ignition timing. Each actuator is characterized by its influence on the fundamental combustion parameters, such as the residual gas fraction and the turbulence intensity. Experimental results are used to generate semiempirical input and combustion models that are capable of running in real time within an engine controller. The model is used to predict the combustion duration, from the spark to 50% mass fraction burned, at every crank angle position within a reasonable ignition timing window for each engine operating point. With minimal engine mapping, the model was capable of predicting the spark timing to within several degrees of ideal values, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for use in high-degrees-of-freedom spark ignition engines.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: proposal of a diagnostic algorithm based on perforin expression (2002)

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, fatal disorder of early infancy. Mutations of the PRF1 gene have been identified in a subset of patients. However, the distinction between the different genetically determined and environmental subtypes of the disease remains a major issue to be solved. This may result in delayed or inappropriate application of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We propose an algorithm that uses a combination of three rapid laboratory tests, i.e. perforin expression by peripheral lymphocytes, assessment of the behaviour of the 2B4 lymphocyte receptor and natural killer (NK) cell activity, to identify the different subgroups of HLH. In 19 patients diagnosed according to current criteria, we tested perforin expression, 2B4 receptor function and NK cell activity. PRF1 mutations were found in all seven patients showing absent perforin expression. In one male with abnormal behaviour of the 2B4 receptor, SH2D1A mutation confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Four patients with normal NK cell activity had evidence of associated infections. Of the seven with impaired NK cell activity, two had a probable genetically determined subtype of HLH and five appeared as sporadic, infection-associated cases. Improving the diagnostic approach may restrict the use of BMT, the only recognized curative treatment, to HLH patients with a documented poor prognosis while patients with milder disorders may be treated less intensively. Our flow chart could also lead to better selection of patients for specific gene analysis.
A new in-loop filter for depth map coding in HEVC (2012)

A depth-map is used to synthesize virtual texture views in the multi-view plus depth (MVD) format. In conventional video coding, a coded depth-map often suffers from compression artifacts along object boundaries, which have a negative effect on the quality of rendered images in the view synthesis process. To address this problem, we propose a depth-map boundary filtering technique to eliminate coding artifacts while preserving sharp edges. This can be mathematically formulated as a L0-norm minimization problem. This filtering process is cascaded with the de-blocking filter in the emerging HEVC video coding standard to result in a new in-loop filter. Experimental results are given to show that the subjective and objective quality of the synthesized views is enhanced by the introduction of the new in-loop fitler.
High resolution bolometry on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak (invited) (1999)

Recent breakthroughs in silicon detector technology now permit measurement of radiated power over a wide range in photon energies. These detectors (also known as AXUV photodiodes) have a flat spectral power response from ultraviolet to x-ray energies, and with a slightly reduced efficiency all the way down to visible wavelengths. Since they can be made small, multichannel detectors allow high spatial resolution to be combined with an intrinsic high temporal resolution, which can reach the microsecond range, depending on the application. Additional features include ease of use and installation, and relatively low cost compared to other techniques. A combination of two multichannel toroidally viewing systems has been recently installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The first array, which is composed of 16 channels, sees tangentially the outer-half of the plasma at the midplane, and is used to measure the total power radiated. The second array, also located at the midplane, consists of 19 channels and views the edge of the plasma. This array has a 2 mm radial resolution, allowing, for example, the study of edge dynamics in high confinement (H mode) plasmas. Because these detectors are largely insensitive to neutral particles (at least at particle energies of interest), it is now possible to measure the radial distribution of neutral “radiated” power emissivity, by looking at the difference between these measurements and those obtained with standard bolometers. When neutrals are not important, we found a very good agreement between the AXUV detectors and standard bolometers. Examples of applications of these measurements to the study of edge H-mode dynamics, impurity injection, disruptions, and internal barrier formation, are described. Planned upgrades and new applications for Alcator C-Mod are also discussed.
STIM1 is necessary for store‐operated calcium entry in turning growth cones (2012)

Coordinated calcium signalling is vital for neuronal growth cone function and axon pathfinding. Although store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) has been suggested to be an important source of calcium in growth cone navigation, the mechanisms that regulate calcium signalling, particularly the regulation of internal calcium stores within growth cones, are yet to be fully determined. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) is a calcium-sensing protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that interacts with Orai proteins in the plasma membrane to initiate SOCE and refilling of intracellular calcium stores. We hypothesize that STIM1- and Orai1/2-mediated SOCE are necessary for growth cone turning responses to extracellular guidance cues. We show that STIM1 and Orai reorganize into puncta upon store depletion and during growth cone turning with STIM1 localization biased towards the turning side (high calcium side) of the growth cone. Importantly, STIM1 knock-down perturbed growth cone turning responses to the guidance cues brain-derived neurotrophic factor and semaphorin-3a (Sema-3a), as well as abolishing Sema-3a-induced growth cone collapse. Furthermore, STIM1 knock-down abolished SOCE induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, but not Sema-3a. Our data suggest that STIM1 is essential for correct growth cone navigation, playing multiple roles in growth cone motility, including the activation of SOCE.
VENOMAVE: Clean-Label Poisoning Against Speech Recognition. (2020)

In the past few years, we observed a wide adoption of practical systems that use Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems to improve human-machine interaction. Modern ASR systems are based on neural networks and prior research demonstrated that these systems are susceptible to adversarial examples, i.e., malicious audio inputs that lead to misclassification by the victim's network during the system's run time. The research question if ASR systems are also vulnerable to data poisoning attacks is still unanswered. In such an attack, a manipulation happens during the training phase of the neural network: an adversary injects malicious inputs into the training set such that the neural network's integrity and performance are compromised. In this paper, we present the first data poisoning attack in the audio domain, called VENOMAVE. Prior work in the image domain demonstrated several types of data poisoning attacks, but they cannot be applied to the audio domain. The main challenge is that we need to attack a time series of inputs. To enforce a targeted misclassification in an ASR system, we need to carefully generate a specific sequence of disturbed inputs for the target utterance, which will eventually be decoded to the desired sequence of words. More specifically, the adversarial goal is to produce a series of misclassification tasks and in each of them, we need to poison the system to misrecognize each frame of the target file. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of our attack, we evaluate VENOMAVE on an ASR system that detects sequences of digits from 0 to 9. When poisoning only 0.94% of the dataset on average, we achieve an attack success rate of 83.33%. We conclude that data poisoning attacks against ASR systems represent a real threat that needs to be considered.
Oscillator-type active-integrated antenna: the leaky-mode approach (1996)

This paper describes basic research carried out to design a microwave source module employing the concept of an active-integrated leaky-mode antenna. The novel active-antenna source module utilizes a microstrip as the radiating element while adopting uniplanar technology for the active circuit design. The microstrip is operated in the first higher order odd mode, which is a leaky mode, and excited by a proximity-coupled center-fed slotline on the same surface of the uniplanar microwave-integrated circuit. The measured performance of an X-band transmission-type injection-locked active-integrated antenna source module demonstrated that such a design approach was suitable for linear array integration for quasi-optical power combining. The harmonic-balance (HB) analysis of the proposed active-integrated antenna agrees with the measurements in both free-running frequency and power level. The measured radiation patterns of the active-integrated antenna also agree well with the theoretical predictions.