gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry: A New Dimension in Clinical Chemistry (1992)

The near-infrared (NIR) spectral region (700-2500 nm) is a fertile source of chemical information in the form of overtone and combination bands of the fundamental infrared absorptions and low-energy electronic transitions. This region was initially perceived as being too complex for interpretation and consequently was poorly utilized. Advances in chemometric techniques that can extract massive amounts of chemical information from the highly overlapped, complex spectra have led to extensive use of NIR spectrophotometry (NIRS) in the food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, chemical, and polymer industries. The application of NIRS in clinical laboratory measurements is still in its infancy. NIRS is a simple, quick, nondestructive technique capable of providing clinically relevant analyses of biological samples with precision and accuracy comparable with the method used to derive the NIRS models. Analyses can be performed with little or no sample preparation and no reagents. The success of NIRS in any particular case is determined by the complexity of the sample matrix, relative NIR absorptivities of the constituents, and the wavelengths and regression technique chosen. We describe the general approach to data acquisition, calibration, and analysis, using serum proteins, triglycerides, and glucose as examples.
Adaptive reconstruction of intermediate views from stereoscopic images (2005)

This paper deals with disparity estimation and the reconstruction of intermediate views from stereoscopic images. Using block-wise maximum-likelihood (ML) disparity estimation, it was found that the Laplacian model outperformed the Cauchy and Gaussian models in terms of disparity compensation errors and the number of correspondence matches. The disparity values in occluded regions were then determined using both object-based and reliability-based interpolation. Finally, an adaptive technique was used to interpolate the intermediate views. One distinguishing characteristic of this algorithm is that the left and right-eye images were projected onto the plane of the intermediate view to be reconstructed. This resulted in two projected images. The intermediate view was created using a weighted average of these two projected images with the weights based on the quality of the corresponding areas of the projected images. Subjective examination of the reconstructed images indicate that they have high image quality and good stable depth when viewed stereoscopically. An objective evaluation with the test image sequence "Flower Garden" shows that the proposed algorithm can achieve a peak signal-to-noise ratio gain of around 1 dB, when compared to a reference algorithm.
Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 — 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March–May 2020 (2020)

Descriptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States have focused primarily on hospitalized patients. Reports documenting exposures to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have generally been described within congregate settings, such as meat and poultry processing plants (1) and long-term care facilities (2). Understanding individual behaviors and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and risks for severe illness requiring hospitalization can inform efforts to reduce transmission. During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. Respondents were contacted 14-21 days after SARS-CoV-2 testing and asked about their demographic characteristics, underlying chronic conditions, symptoms experienced on the date of testing, and potential exposures to SARS-CoV-2 during the 2 weeks before illness onset (or the date of testing among those who did not report symptoms at the time of testing). Among 350 interviewed patients (271 [77%] outpatients and 79 [23%] inpatients), inpatients were older, more likely to be Hispanic and to report dyspnea than outpatients. Fewer inpatients (39%, 20 of 51) reported a return to baseline level of health at 14-21 days than did outpatients (64%, 150 of 233) (p = 0.001). Overall, approximately one half (46%) of patients reported known close contact with someone with COVID-19 during the preceding 2 weeks. This was most commonly a family member (45%) or a work colleague (34%). Approximately two thirds (64%, 212 of 333) of participants were employed; only 35 of 209 (17%) were able to telework. These findings highlight the need for screening, case investigation, contact tracing, and isolation of infected persons to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection during periods of community transmission. The need for enhanced measures to ensure workplace safety, including ensuring social distancing and more widespread use of cloth face coverings, are warranted (3).
Entraining the Natural Frequencies of Running and Breathing in Guinea Fowl (Numida Meleagris) (2001)

Lung ventilation of tetrapods that synchronize their locomotory and ventilatory cycles during exercise could be economized if the resonant frequency of the respiratory system matched the animal's preferred step frequency. To test whether animals utilize this strategy, the input impedance of the respiratory system of five anesthetized, supine guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) was measured using a forced oscillation technique. The resonant frequency of the respiratory system was 7.12+/-0.27 Hz (N=5, mean +/- S.E.M.). No statistically significant difference was found between the resonant frequency of the respiratory system and the panting frequency used by guinea fowl at rest (6.67+/-0.16 Hz, N=11) or during treadmill locomotion (6.71+/-0.12 Hz, N=8) or to their preferred step frequency (6.73+/-0.09 Hz, N=7) (means +/- S.E.M.). These observations suggest (i) that, at rest and during exercise, panting guinea fowl maximize flow while expending minimal mechanical effort, and (ii) that natural selection has tuned the natural frequencies of the respiratory and locomotor systems to similar frequencies.
Early Virologic Response to Abacavir/Lamivudine and Tenofovir/Emtricitabine During ACTG A5202 (2013)

Within all treatment arms, a less robust week 4 virologic response was associated with higher risk for subsequent virologic failure. However, between-regimen differences in week 4 VL declines did not parallel the previously reported differences in longer term virologic efficacy in A5202, suggesting that between-regimen differences in responses were not due to intrinsic differences in antiviral activity.
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTIron Catalysis in Organic SynthesisIngmar Bauer and Hans-Joachim Knölker*View Author Information Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 9, 3170–3387Publication Date (Web):March 9, 2015Publication History Received5 August 2014Published online9 March 2015Published inissue 13 May 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500425uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500425ureview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52105Altmetric-Citations1500LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Hydrocarbons,Reagents Get e-Alerts
The Impacts of Different CO<sub>2</sub> Injection Temperature on Heat Extraction Rate in CO<sub>2</sub>-EGS Based on CCS Demonstration Project (2012)

In this paper we use Majiagou geologic formation in Erdos Carbon Caputure and Storage(CCS) demonstration project aera as artificial geothermal reservoir, and create numerical models of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) using CO 2 as a heat transfer carrier. In order to analyze the impacts of CO 2 injection temperatures on heat extraction rate and the sustainability of CO2-EGS, five cases with different CO 2 injection temperature are designed. Simulation results show that the range of the average heat extraction rate of case 1～5 is 6.56～8.47MW in the whole CO 2 -EGS operation period. The heat extraction rates vary over time, And it is 6.37～7.9MW in CO 2 and water displacement stage and 6.64～8.68MW after aqueous phase dispear respectively. Injection temperature of CO 2 significantly impacts the heat extraction rate of EGS .
EFFECT OF DIRECT CARDIAC COMPRESSION (DCC) ON MYOCARDIAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION (MVO2) IN SHEEP WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE (HF) (2003)

The HeartPatch DCC device was shown to adequately support circulatory function in sheep with acute HF and ventricular fibrillation. This study was to investigate its effect on MVO2 at baseline (BL), stable acute HF only and during HeartPatch mechanical cardiac assist during HF. Five sheep (49 ± 4 kg) were chronically instrumented with transonic flow probes on aorta and left coronary artery to measure cardiac output (CO) and CBF. The study was conducted 2 weeks after placement of the DCC device. A Millar pressure transducer was introduced into the left ventricle (LV) via the carotid artery. Arterial and coronary sinus catheters were used to sample blood for blood gas analysis. Acute HF was induced with i.v. infusion of Esmolol. HeartPatch Pump DCC mechanical assist significantly augmented hemodynamic parameters without increasing MVO2 (Table).TableWe conclude that the HeartPatch DCC device can significantly augment the failing hemodynamics. However, despite the mechanical boosting action of the HeartPatch, myocardial O2 extraction and MVO2 are not affected compared with HF status.
Si (100)-GaN/Si (111) low temperature wafer bonding process for 3D power supply on chip (2019)

In this paper, we describe the wafer bonding technology Si (100) substrate and GaN/Si (111) substrate using surface activated bonding at room temperature and the removal technique for Si (111) substrate underneath the GaN and buffer layers for 3D power-supply on chip.
Assessment of the frequency of the 22q11 deletion in Afrikaner schizophrenic patients (2004)

A hemizygous deletion of the q11 band on chromosome 22 occurs in 1 of every 5,950 live births (0.017%). The deletion is mediated by low copy repeats (LCRs) flanking this locus. Presence of the deletion is associated with variable phenotypic expression, which can include distinctive facial dysmorphologies, congenital heart disease and learning disabilities. An unusually high percentage of individuals with this deletion (25-30%) have been described to develop schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. In previous studies, the prevalence of the 22q11 deletion in patients with schizophrenia was found to be approximately 2% in Caucasian adults and 6% in childhood-onset cases. Both these frequencies represent a dramatic increase from the prevalence of the deletion in the general population. In this study, we investigate the occurrence of the 22q11 deletion in an independent sample of schizophrenic patients of Afrikaner origin. We first ascertained a sample of 85 patients who meet full diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia for presence of two or more of the clinical features associated with presence of the 22q11 deletion. A group of six patients (7%) met these criteria. This group was subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and presence of the 22q11 deletion was confirmed for two subjects. Our study therefore confirms the previously reported rate of 2% frequency of the 22q11 deletion in adult schizophrenic patients and provides a two-stage screening protocol to identify these patients.
Activation of Innate Immunity in Nonhuman Primates Following Intraportal Administration of Adenoviral Vectors (2001)

The innate immune response to intraportally infused adenoviral vector was evaluated in rhesus monkeys. A first-generation adenovirus-expressing lacZ (Ad-lacZ) was administered at a dose just below that which causes severe morbidity. The response to vector was evaluated for the initial 24 h following infusion. Clinical findings during this time were primarily limited to petechiae, consistent with the development of thrombocytopenia and biochemical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Serum transaminases were elevated and a lymphopenia developed. Tracking of fluorescent-labeled vector demonstrated distribution to macrophages and dendritic cells of the spleen and Kupffer cells of the liver. A systemic release of the cytokine IL-6 occurred soon after vector infusion. Analysis of splenic cells revealed acute activation of macrophages and dendritic cells followed by massive apoptosis. Bone marrow cultures demonstrated normal erythroid and primitive progenitors with a significant decrease in myeloid progenitors. Similar findings, except the abnormality in bone marrow cultures, were observed in monkeys who received an identical dose of Ad-lacZ in which vector genes were inactivated with psoralen and UV irradiation. These data suggest that inadvertent targeting of antigen-presenting cells following intraportal infusion of vector leads to a systemic cytokine syndrome which may be triggered by the viral capsid proteins.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Placental Sulphatase Deficiency (1979)

A gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of neutral steroid sulphates in maternal urine and its application to a suspected case of placental sulphatase deficiency is described. Low levels of oestriol coincident with elevated 16-hydroxylated metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone in the maternal urine are shown to occur in this particular condition, and thus provide a convenient differentiation from fetal adrenal hypoplasia before birth.
Fluorescence depolarization of tryptophan residues in proteins: a molecular dynamics study (1983)

A molecular dynamics simulation of lysozyme is used to examine the fluorescence depolarization of tryptophan residues on the picosecond time scale. The calculated time dependence of fluorescence emission anisotropy for the six tryptophans in lysozyme exhibits a wide variety of motional behavior that should correspond to the range expected more generally for tryptophan residues in proteins. It is found that some tryptophans are highly mobile with a large fluorescence anisotropy decay on the picosecond time scale while others are essentially rigid due to the presence of the protein matrix. Further, it is demonstrated that correlations among the internal degrees of freedom (e.g., dihedral angles) play an important role in the observed decay behavior; this suggests that care has to be used in interpreting experimental results in terms of simple motional models. Because the available experimental time resolution is limited to the nanosecond time scale, only the effective zero-time anisotropy can be compared with the calculated values. The results suggest that the study of fluorescence depolarization with femtosecond lasers would provide new insights into the short time dynamics of amino acid side chains in proteins.
All-fibre polarisation splitter/combiner (1985)

A single-mode optical fibre polarisation beam splitter/combiner has been fabricated from standard production fibre using a fused biconical taper technique. The operation of the device relies on form birefringence in the fused coupler.
Inside Cover: Some More Observations on the Unique Electrochemical Properties of Electrode–Monolayer–Nanoparticle Constructs (ChemPhysChem 13/2010) (2010)

A nanoparticle attached to SAM-modified electrodes provides unexpected conducting pathways for electron transfer between redox species in solution and the underlying electrode, as described by J. J. Gooding et al. on p. 2807.
Variable Presentation of X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita (2001)

We present a family with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) due to a truncation mutation in the DAX1 gene. The three patient reports demonstrate variable clinical and biochemical features at presentation. They presented with adrenal crises at 3 years, 4 weeks, and 3 weeks. Mineralocorticoid deficiency preceded glucocorticoid deficiency in patient 3 and an early ultrasound indicated normal sized adrenal tissue. Genetic analysis showed that potential female carriers were unaffected.
Duration of Remission During Maintenance Cyclosporine Therapy for Psoriasis (1995)

After clearing or near-clearing is achieved in patients with severe psoriasis, 3 mg/kg per day is a reasonable dosage to choose for maintenance. Patients who are more responsive to cyclosporine (as measured by greater clearing of psoriasis at lower induction dosages) tend to have longer remissions.
A 15-bit 140-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula>W Scalable-Bandwidth Inverter-Based <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta \Sigma $</tex></formula> Modulator for a MEMS Microphone With Digital Output (2013)

A discrete-time audio ΔΣ modulator for a MEMS microphone with digital output is presented that features a scalable signal bandwidth to also support ultrasonic frequencies for proximity sensing applications such as gesture recognition. The modulator achieves low power consumption and a small die area by using simple digital inverter instead of OTAs. To increase the robustness of the inverter approach, an LDO is used to provide an internally generated supply which regulates the inverter bias point. The LDO also improves the power supply rejection of the pseudo-differential architecture to above 78 dB. The presented ΔΣ modulator supports a scalable signal bandwidth up to 100 kHz, by dynamically adjusting the internal supply voltage depending on the sampling frequency. In the nominal 20-kHz audio band, it dissipates 140 μW from a minimum 1.5-V supply and achieves a DR of 92.6 dB , a SNDR of 87.9 dB, and a THD of -102.7 dB, respectively.
Cloning and Analysis of MAGE-1-Related Genes (1994)

The spectrum of MAGE gene expression in the human melanoma cell line DM150 was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and cDNA cloning. We have isolated five full-length cDNAs from DM150 which were identified as MAGE-1, MAGE-3, MAGE-12 and two previously undescribed MAGE genes, MAGE-3b and MAGE-X2. DNA sequence analysis of the coding regions of the MAGE-3b and MAGE-X2 genes revealed 83% and 88% identity with MAGE-1, while MAGE-3b was 98% homologous with the full length MAGE-3 clone. The predicted amino acid sequences of MAGE-X2 and MAGE-3b contain consensus HLA-A1 peptide binding motifs, suggesting that, like MAGE-1, they may code for tumor-associated antigens. In addition, a nonamer peptide encoded by both the MAGE-3 and MAGE-12 genes was shown by direct binding studies to contain an aggretope for HLA-A2.
Towards Complex Matter: Supramolecular Chemistry and Self-organization (2009)

Chemistry has developed from molecular chemistry, mastering the combination and recombination of atoms into increasingly complex molecules, to supramolecular chemistry, harnessing intermolecular forces for the generation of informed supramolecular systems and processes through the implementation of molecular information carried by electromagnetic interactions. Supramolecular chemistry is actively exploring systems undergoing self-organization, i.e. systems capable of spontaneously generating well-defined functional supramolecular architectures by self-assembly from their components, on the basis of the molecular information stored in the covalent framework of the components and read out at the supramolecular level through specific molecular recognition interactional algorithms, thus behaving as programmed chemical systems. Supramolecular entities as well as molecules containing reversible bonds are able to undergo a continuous change in constitution by reorganization and exchange of building blocks. This capability defines a Constitutional Dynamic Chemistry (CDC) on both the molecular and supramolecular levels. CDC introduces a paradigm shift with respect to constitutionally static chemistry. It takes advantage of dynamic constitutional diversity to allow variation and selection and thus adaptation. The merging of the features of supramolecular systems – information and programmability; dynamics and reversibility; constitution and structural diversity – points towards the emergence of adaptive chemistry. A further development will concern the inclusion of the arrow of time, i.e. of non-equilibrium, irreversible processes and the exploration of the frontiers of chemical evolution towards the establishment of evolutive chemistry, where the features acquired by adaptation are conserved and transmitted. In combination with the corresponding fields of physics and biology, chemistry thus plays a major role in the progressive elaboration of a science of informed, organized, evolutive matter, a science of complex matter.
The effect of advanced ignition system on gasoline low temperature combustion (2019)

Engines operating in low temperature combustion during positive valve overlap operation offer significant benefits of high fuel economy over the low temperature combustion during negative valve overlap operation. Significant efficiency improvement was achieved by the increased gamma and lower pumping loss. However, NOx emissions were increased due to reliance on the flame-induced combustion. In this study, the corona ignition system was evaluated to reduce NOx emissions during positive valve overlap operation while maintaining the benefit of efficiency gain. The tests were performed in a 2.2-L multi-cylinder engine. The results show that the ignition delay is always shorter with the corona ignition system than with the spark plug. The corona ignition system is able to support stable combustion (coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure &lt;3%) in a lower load during positive valve overlap operation than the spark plug, which gives us additional efficiency benefit. Since the corona ignition system promotes simultaneous ignition of the mixture at multiple locations in the combustion chamber as opposed to ignition being limited to the spark gap channel, the dependence of the flame burn for stable combustion during positive valve overlap operation minimizes, which leads to lower NOx emissions over the spark plug.