gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Olean-28,13β-lactams as Potential Antiprostate Cancer Agents (2015)

γ-Lactam is an important structural motif in a large number of biologically active natural products and synthetic small pharmaceutical molecules. However, there is currently no effective approach to construct γ-lactam ring directly from natural rigid polycyclic amides. Herein, we report a facile methodology for synthesis of a new group of olean-28,13β-lactams (10a-j) from their corresponding amides, promoted by an easily available reagent 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ), through an intramolecular dehydrogenative C-N coupling reaction via a radical ion mechanism. Biological evaluation indicated that the most active lactam 10h displayed potent antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells but 13.84- to 16.92-fold less inhibitory activity on noncancer cells in vitro. In addition, 10h significantly inhibited the growth of implanted prostate cancer in vivo. Furthermore, 10h induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and down-regulated the AKT/mTOR signaling in DU-145 cells. Finally, 10h was more stable in rat plasma and human liver microsomes than CDDO-Me and had little hERG channel inhibitory activity. Collectively, 10h may be a potential antiprostate cancer agent for further investigation.
Design as a Sequential Decision Process: A Method for Reducing Design Set Space Using Models to Bound Objectives (2015)

Design is a sequential decision process that increases the detail of modeling and analysis while simultaneously decreasing the space of alternatives considered. In a decision theoretic framework, low-fidelity models help decision-makers identify regions of interest in the tradespace and cull others prior to constructing more computationally expensive models of higher fidelity. The method presented herein demonstrates design as a sequence of finite decision epochs through a search space defined by the extent of the set of designs under consideration, and the level of analytic fidelity subjected to each design. Previous work has shown that multi-fidelity modeling can aid in rapid optimization of the design space when high-fidelity models are coupled with low-fidelity models. This paper offers two contributions to the design community: (1) a model of design as a sequential decision process of refinement using progressively more accurate and expensive models, and (2) a connected approach for how conceptual models couple with detailed models. Formal definitions of the process are provided, and a simple one-dimensional example is presented to demonstrate the use of sequential multi-fidelity modeling in determining an optimal modeling selection policy.
Trends in the incidence of primary liver and biliary tract cancers in England and Wales 1971–2001 (2006)

In the last two decades, mortality from primary liver cancer has increased in the UK. We aimed to determine whether the incidence trends for these cancers were similar and in particular if the increasing occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma has continued. We calculated directly age-standardised incidence rates (using the European standard population) by subsite and histological type for all cancers of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract in England and Wales from 1971 to 2001, using cancer registry data. The incidence of cancers of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract increased, with the greatest rise, around 12-fold, in intrahepatic bile duct cancers. The rate of liver cell cancer increased by around 45% in males, but by <10% in females. There were marked reductions in the incidence of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Cholangiocarcinoma increased around 16-fold and became the most common type of primary liver cancer in females, while hepatocellular carcinoma remained the commonest type in males. The age-specific incidence rates showed that intrahepatic bile duct cancer continued to increase throughout the 1990s in those aged 75 and over, while liver cell cancer decreased in the older age groups. In conclusion, there were increases in the incidence of primary liver cancer, which have been particularly dramatic for intrahepatic bile duct cancer, over the last three decades of the 20th century in England and Wales. There has been a halving in the incidence of gallbladder cancer and a reduction of a third in extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
First Formation of Thiepino[2,3-b]- and Thiepino[3,2-a]indolizine Derivatives (2009)

The reactions of potassium 1,3-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)indolizine-2-thiolates with ethyl 4-bromocrotonate afforded the corresponding indolizine derivatives having (E)-(3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-propenyl)thio, (E)- and (Z)-(3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-propenyl)thio group at the 2-position. The alkaline treatment of these S-alkylated indolizines gave the title compounds in good yields.
Design of Chimeric Alphaviruses with a Programmed, Attenuated, Cell Type-Restricted Phenotype (2011)

The Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family contains a number of human and animal pathogens. The importance of alphaviruses has been strongly underappreciated; however, epidemics of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), causing millions of cases of severe and often persistent arthritis in the Indian subcontinent, have raised their profile in recent years. In spite of a continuous public health threat, to date no licensed vaccines have been developed for alphavirus infections. In this study, we have applied an accumulated knowledge about the mechanism of alphavirus replication and protein function in virus-host interactions to introduce a new approach in designing attenuated alphaviruses. These variants were constructed from genes derived from different, geographically isolated viruses. The resulting viable variants encoded CHIKV envelope and, in contrast to naturally circulating viruses, lacked the important contributors to viral pathogenesis: genes encoding proteins functioning in inhibition of cellular transcription and downregulation of the cellular antiviral response. To make these viruses incapable of transmission by mosquito vectors and to differentially regulate expression of viral structural proteins, their replication was made dependent on the internal ribosome entry sites, derived from other positive-polarity RNA (RNA(+)) viruses. The rational design of the genomes was complemented by selection procedures, which adapted viruses to replication in tissue culture and produced variants which (i) demonstrated different levels of replication and production of the individual structural proteins, (ii) efficiently induced the antiviral response in infected cells, (iii) were incapable of replication in cells of mosquito origin, and (iv) efficiently replicated in Vero cells. This modular approach to genome design is applicable for the construction of other alphaviruses with a programmed, irreversibly attenuated phenotype.
Modeling Tumor: Lymphatic Interactions in Lymphatic Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2021)

Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to lymphatics and the presence of breast cancer cells in regional lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor. Delineating the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells disseminate and spatiotemporal aspects of interactions between breast cancer cells and lymphatics is needed to design new therapies to prevent lymphatic metastases. As triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis, we used a three-dimensional (3D) coculture model of human TNBC cells and human microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to analyze TNBC:LEC interactions. Non-invasive analyses such as live-cell imaging in real-time and collection of conditioned media for secretomic analysis were facilitated by our novel microfluidic chambers. The volumes of 3D structures formed in TNBC:LEC cocultures are greater than that of 3D structures formed by either LEC or TNBC monocultures. Over 4 days of culture there is an increase in multicellular invasive outgrowths from TNBC spheroids and an association of TNBC spheroids with LEC networks. The increase in invasive phenotype also occurred when TNBC spheroids were cultured in LEC-conditioned media and in wells linked to ones containing LEC networks. Our results suggest that modeling spatiotemporal interactions between TNBC and LECs may reveal paracrine signaling that could be targeted to reduce lymphatic metastasis.
A low dark current and high quantum efficiency monolithic germanium-on-silicon CMOS imager technology for day and night imaging applications (2010)

A low noise, high quantum efficiency (QE) Ge photo diode was integrated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS foundry process, enabling night imaging under moonless conditions in a high resolution CMOS image sensor (10 μm pitch, VGA). The Ge diode dark current measured at wafer probe (-45°C) in the imager chip is 25 fA per pixel and the pixel QE at λ=1.3 μm is 44% and 32% for best die at half and full VGA resolution respectively. To our knowledge this is the first large-scale integration of single crystal Ge diodes into a silicon product.
Vadose Zone Transport Field Study: Status Report (2001)

Studies were initiated at the Hanford Site to evaluate the process controlling the transport of fluids in the vadose zone and to develop a reliable database upon which vadose-zone transport models can be calibrated. These models are needed to evaluate contaminant migration through the vadose zone to underlying groundwaters at Hanford. A study site that had previously been extensively characterized using geophysical monitoring techniques was selected in the 200 E Area. Techniques used previously included neutron probe for water content, spectral gamma logging for radionuclide tracers, and gamma scattering for wet bulk density. Building on the characterization efforts of the past 20 years, the site was instrumented to facilitate the comparison of nine vadose-zone characterization methods: advanced tensiometers, neutron probe, electrical resistance tomography (ERT), high-resolution resistivity (HRR), electromagnetic induction imaging (EMI), cross-borehole radar, and cross-borehole seismic.
Understanding capacity fade in silicon based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries using three electrode cells and upper cut-off voltage studies (2015)

Commercial Li-ion batteries are typically cycled between 3.0 and 4.2 V. These voltages limits are chosen based on the characteristics of the cathode (e.g. lithium cobalt oxide) and anode (e.g. graphite). When alternative anode/cathode chemistries are studied the same cut-off voltages are often, mistakenly, used. Silicon (Si) based anodes are widely studied as a high capacity alternative to graphite for Lithium-ion batteries. When silicon-based anodes are paired with high capacity cathodes (e.g. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide; NCA) the cell typically suffers from rapid capacity fade. The purpose of this communication is to understand how the choice of upper cut-off voltage affects cell performance in Si/NCA cells. A careful study of three-electrode cell data will show that capacity fade in Si/NCA cells is due to an ever-evolving silicon voltage profile that pushes the upper voltage at the cathode to >4.4 V (vs. Li/Li+). This behaviour initially improves cycle efficiency, due to liberation of new lithium, but ultimately reduces cycling efficiency, resulting in rapid capacity fade.
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment: Mechanism, Performance, and Challenges (2013)

Ionic liquids are of increasing interest to the biofuels community due to their properties as a means of effectively pretreating biomass. Ionic liquids (ILs) are composed of anions and cations and typically have melting temperatures below 100 °C. There have been several classes of ionic liquids, in particular those belonging to the imidazolium family, that have been demonstrated to be very efficient in pretreating a wide range of lignocellulosic materials. There are over a thousand ILs that have been categorized in various databases, but only approximately 25 ILs are known to be effective biomass solvents; the majority of these are based on the imidazolium class of cations. There is undoubtedly a large amount of knowledge yet to be discovered in terms of anion-cation pairing and screening before an optimal and commercially viable IL pretreatment technology solution is realized. IL pretreatment has been shown to decrease the lignin content and cellulose crystallinity of lignocellulose and generates a material that is, depending on the specific pretreatment conditions used, readily saccharified into fermentable sugars. There are a number of IL pretreatment process routes under investigation that further define the desired task-specific properties of the ILs used. This chapter gives an overview of the various ILs and respective pretreatment technologies under development, in addition to describing the underlying mechanisms of how ILs interact with biomass and its components to overcome biomass recalcitrance.
Scalable Multi-hop Ad Hoc Routing Using Modified OLSR Routing Protocol (2007)

In this paper, we study the scalability of OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol, adapted for Multi-hop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. We present a modified OLSR routing protocol, G-OLSR (Grid-OLSR) which incorporates the advantages of topology-based and position-based routing. The protocol has been designed to serve easier and robust ad hoc network deployments interesting for network operators and service providers, supporting mission-critical applications and innovative services as well as for fully distributed scenarios interesting for spontaneous deployments and mesh-type wireless multi-hop networks. The simulation results corroborates that the proposed schemes performs better than the OLSR routing scheme and from the analyses, we could interpret that G-OLSR is more suited for scalable mobile ad hoc networks.
Alteration of Sodium Currents by New Peptide Toxins From the Venom of a Molluscivorous Conus Snail (1993)

TxIA and TxIB, peptides with 27-amino acid residues recently isolated from the molluscivorous marine snail Conus textile neovicarius, exhibit strong paralytic activity in molluscs, with no paralytic effects on athropods and vertebrates. At concentrations of 0.25-0.5 microM the toxins cause spontaneous repetitive firing and dramatic broadening of the action potential of cultured Aplysia neurons. The action potential duration partially recovers within 30 min in the presence of the toxins. Under these conditions a second toxin application does not change the spike duration. TxI-induced spike broadening occurs when potassium and calcium conductances are blocked. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed that the toxins alter the kinetics of the sodium current either by slowing down the rate of sodium current inactivation or by recruiting silent sodium channels with slower activation and inactivation kinetics. The toxins shift the voltage-dependent steady-state Na+ current inactivation curve to more positive values by 6 mV. These changes are not associated with alteration in the rate of sodium current activation, in the peak sodium current, or the sodium current reversal potential. TxI apparently represents a new class of conotoxins with an unusual phylogenic specificity and may therefore be useful as a probe for the study of molluscan neuronal sodium channels.
Acute energy deprivation syndromes: investigation of m-dinitrobenzene and alpha-chlorohydrin toxicity on immortalized rat brain microvessel endothelial cells. (1997)

Acute energy deprivation syndromes share a common pattern of CNS pathology resulting in symmetrical spongiform brain stem lesions in rodents. However, some toxicants are proposed to act on astrocytes alone (alpha-chlorohydrin) whilst others are associated with petechial haemorrhages and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown (m-dinitrobenzene). In this study, we investigated the toxicity of alpha-chlorohydrin (alpha-CH) and m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) in an in vitro BBB model, the rat brain capillary endothelial cell line RBE4. Cytotoxicity was observed after treatment of RBE4 cells with both toxicants, as manifested by a decrease in protein content and MTT reduction (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) over control values at concentrations > or = 1 mM for m-DNB and > or = 20 mM for alpha-CH. m-DNB caused a dose-dependent increase in glucose consumption and lactate production in RBE4 cells, while alpha-CH had no effect on these parameters. The distribution of F-actin at the cell margin observed in control cultures was changed to a diffuse pattern over the cell cytoplasm after treatment with both toxins at subcytotoxic concentrations. However, a reduction in F-actin content was only observed at concentrations > or = 1 mM for m-DNB and > or = 20 mM for alpha-CH. The permeability of RBE4 cell monolayers cultured on filters above primary rat astrocytes was measured using 14C-sucrose (M.Wt.=342) and FITC-dextran (M.Wt.=4000). m-DNB (0.5 mM) increased the permeability of RBE4 cell monolayers to both tracers, while alpha-CH (30 mM) had no effect. The results from this study indicate that m-DNB may have direct toxic effects on brain endothelial cells which lead to loss of barrier function. Whilst alpha-CH caused some toxic effects in RBE4 cells, it did not alter endothelial cell monolayer permeability.
Interface Magnetization Reversal and Anisotropy inFe/AlGaAs(001) (2005)

The reversal process of the Fe interface layer magnetization in Fe/AlGaAs heterostructures is measured directly using magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation, and is compared with the reversal of the bulk magnetization as obtained from magneto-optic Kerr effect. The switching characteristics are distinctly different due to interface-derived anisotropy--single step switching occurs at the interface layer, while two-jump switching occurs in the bulk Fe for the magnetic field orientations employed. The angle between the interface and bulk magnetization may be as large as 40-85 degrees. Such interface switching will dominate the behavior of nanoscale structures.
[Genetic environment of CTX-M-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized patients in Uruguay]. (2006)

We studied two CTX-M-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains, K96005 and K13, isolated from hospitalized patients in Uruguay, during 1996 and 2003, respectively. The genomic surroundings of bla(CTX-M-2) were characterized by PCR-mapping and DNA sequencing. Our results show that blaCTX-M-2 is included in a complex class-1 integron (InK13), associated with an orf513 in both isolates. The genetic array of the integron, aac(6')-lb, bla(OxA,2), orfD (gene cassette region), associated with an orf513-bla(CTX-M-2), seems to be widely disseminated over the Rio de la Plata region.
Simultaneously multiple 3D barcodes identification using radio frequency (2010)

This paper presents a new proposal of utilizing the advantages of both the barcode and the RFID technology in a hybrid system where we can have the maximum efficiency with comparatively low cost. This system will use radio frequency (RF) to identify multiple 3D barcodes simultaneously using time division multiplexing technique instead of infrared (IR) or LASER to overcome the line of sight problem while not exactly using RFID tags of silicon chip rather using 3D barcodes as printing of barcodes is less expensive than silicon RFID tags. RFID technology has some advantages over barcode technology for identification at item levels but barcodes offer notably low cost over RFID. Again 3D barcodes carry more information than 2D or 1D barcodes do. The identification of 3D barcodes will be almost same as linear or 2D barcodes except that we need to measure the height of the 3D barcodes using radio frequency. This proposed system is expected to detect multiple 3D barcodes using radio frequency with cost effectively and can be implemented conveniently in the places like mega shops, warehouses, manufacturing factories, stores, etc.
High-pressure study of energy transfer between Coumarin 138 and Rhodamine B in a solid polymeric matrix (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-pressure study of energy transfer between Coumarin 138 and Rhodamine B in a solid polymeric matrixJ. M. Lang and H. G. DrickamerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 19, 5058–5064Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100121a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100121a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Discovering Frequent Graph Patterns Using Disjoint Paths (2006)

Whereas data mining in structured data focuses on frequent data values, in semistructured and graph data mining, the issue is frequent labels and common specific topologies. The structure of the data is just as important as its content. We study the problem of discovering typical patterns of graph data, a task made difficult because of the complexity of required subtasks, especially subgraph isomorphism. In this paper, we propose a new apriori-based algorithm for mining graph data, where the basic building blocks are relatively large, disjoint paths. The algorithm is proven to be sound and complete. Empirical evidence shows practical advantages of our approach for certain categories of graphs
50 Gb/s PAM4 Low-Voltage Si-Ge Avalanche Photodiode (2019)

We demonstrate a 50 Gb/s PAM4 operation of an integrated Si-Ge APD with low breakdown voltage of −10 V. The receiver has achieved −17 dBm optical input power at 50 Gb/s PAM4 with a bit error rate of 2.4×10−4• © 2019 The Author(s)
Mid-infrared HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dot LEDs (2022)

Mid-infrared HgTe colloidal quantum dot electroluminescent devices are demonstrated. With emission at 4 μm, devices achieved an external quantum efficiency of ∼10<sup>-3</sup> and power conversion efficiency of ∼10<sup>-4</sup> under biases of a few volts. The power conversion efficiency benefited from lowering the transparent electrode resistance through the incorporation of a metal conductive grid. The average power emitted was about 16 μW at 2 V bias with 50% duty cycle and a 1 mm<sup>2</sup> device. The room-temperature electroluminescence efficiency at low current was limited by the photoluminescence efficiency of the quantum dots, while the diode structure provided efficient electron-hole recombination.
Expression of an artificial polypeptide with a repeated tripeptide glutamyl-tryptophanyl-lysine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

The production of single cell enriched with homopolymers of an essential amino acid in yeast might be an important tool of supplementing cereal diets and feed grain rations and could be used as means for improvement of the amino acid profile of single cell protein and production of pharmaceutical peptides.