gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The coverage problem in a wireless sensor network (2003)

One fundamental issue in sensor networks is the coverage problem, which reflects how well a sensor network is monitored or tracked by sensors. In this paper, we formulate this problem as a decision problem, whose goal is to determine whether every point in the service area of the sensor network is covered by at least k sensors, where k is a predefined value. The sensing ranges of sensors can be unit disks or non-unit disks. We present polynomial-time algorithms, in terms of the number of sensors, that can be easily translated to distributed protocols. The result is a generalization of some earlier results where only k=1 is assumed. Applications of the result include: (i) positioning applications, (ii) situations which require stronger environmental monitoring capability, and (iii) scenarios which impose more stringent fault-tolerant capability.
AdaBoost-Based Algorithm for Network Intrusion Detection (2008)

Network intrusion detection aims at distinguishing the attacks on the Internet from normal use of the Internet. It is an indispensable part of the information security system. Due to the variety of network behaviors and the rapid development of attack fashions, it is necessary to develop fast machine-learning-based intrusion detection algorithms with high detection rates and low false-alarm rates. In this correspondence, we propose an intrusion detection algorithm based on the AdaBoost algorithm. In the algorithm, decision stumps are used as weak classifiers. The decision rules are provided for both categorical and continuous features. By combining the weak classifiers for continuous features and the weak classifiers for categorical features into a strong classifier, the relations between these two different types of features are handled naturally, without any forced conversions between continuous and categorical features. Adaptable initial weights and a simple strategy for avoiding overfitting are adopted to improve the performance of the algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm has low computational complexity and error rates, as compared with algorithms of higher computational complexity, as tested on the benchmark sample data.
Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp2) Cross-Coupling of (Trimethylsilyl)methyllithium with (Hetero)Aryl Halides (2015)

The palladium-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of a range of organic chlorides and bromides with the bifunctional C(sp(3))-(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium reagent is reported. The use of Pd-PEPPSI-IPent as the catalyst allows for the preparation of structurally diverse and synthetically versatile benzyl- and allylsilanes in high yields under mild conditions (room temperature) with short reaction times.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of the Trimetaphosphimates NaBa(PO2NH)3, KSr(PO2NH)3×4H2O, and NH4Sr(PO2NH)3×4H2O. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reduced Alcohol Seeking and Withdrawal Symptoms in Mice Lacking the BDNF Receptor SorCS2 (2019)

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by repetitive and uncontrolled intake of alcohol with severe consequences for affected individuals, their families and society as a whole. Numerous studies have implicated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activity in the neurobiology underlying AUD. The BDNF signaling mechanism is complex and depends on two receptor systems, TrkB and p75NTR, which appear to have opposite effects on alcohol seeking behavior in animal models. We recently discovered that the sortilin-related receptor SorCS2 forms complexes with both TrkB and p75NTR and is important for BDNF activity in the developing and adult CNS. Moreover, the <i>SORCS2</i> gene was recently identified as the top association signal for severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Hence, we speculated that SorCS2 deficient mice would have an altered response to alcohol. The role of SorCS2 in the acute and adapted response to alcohol was therefore investigated by comparing SorCS2 knockout (<i>Sorcs2<sup>-/-</sup></i> ) mice to wild type (WT) mice in three paradigms modeling alcohol sensitivity and consumption; alcohol-induced conditioned place preference, two-bottle choice test as well as the behavioral response to alcohol withdrawal. We found that, when compared to the WT mice, (I) <i>Sorcs2<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice displayed complete lack of alcohol-induced place preference, (II) when given free choice between water and alcohol, <i>Sorcs2<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice consumed less alcohol, and (III) <i>Sorcs2<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice showed no handling-induced convulsion in response to alcohol withdrawal following extended alcohol exposure. Taken together, these results show that lack of the alcohol withdrawal risk gene <i>Sorcs2</i> results in abnormal behavioral response to alcohol in mice. Consequently, SorCS2 may play an important role in the molecular pathways underlying AUD and complications associated with alcohol withdrawal.
Design by optimization methodology: Application to a wide input and output voltage ranges interleaved buck converter (2017)

During preliminary design sketch phases, the power electronics designer has to propose optimal solutions complying with system level requirements, which are continuously evolving since the global system is not finalized. It is particularly complicated in the cases of wide operating ranges where the optimal design for the most constrained operating point does not necessarily provides the optimal design for the whole operating range. The aim of this paper is to propose a design by 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> order optimization method for power converters. This method offers a rapid preliminary design but needs differentiable models. The method is detailed and shows how the modelling under differentiability can be achieved. Finally, some optimization results on an interleaved Buck converter with wide input and output voltage ranges are discussed.
A validity study of the SSAGA‐a comparison with the SCAN (1999)

These data, combined with results from two previous studies which examined reliability, indicate that the SSAGA is a highly reliable and valid instrument for use in studies of a variety of psychiatric disorders, including alcohol and drug dependence.
A flash-lamp based device for fluorescence detection and identification of individual pollen grains (2013)

We present a novel optical aerosol particle detector based on Xe flash lamp excitation and spectrally resolved fluorescence acquisition. We demonstrate its performances on three natural pollens acquiring in real-time scattering intensity at two wavelengths, sub-microsecond time-resolved scattering traces of the particles' passage in the focus, and UV-excited fluorescence spectra. We show that the device gives access to a rather specific detection of the bioaerosol particles.
Ride Through of Wind Turbines With Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Symmetrical Voltage Dips (2009)

This paper deals with the grid fault ride-through capability of doubly fed induction generators. These machines are very sensitive to grid disturbances. To prevent the damages that voltage dips can cause on the converter, most machines are equipped nowadays with a crowbar that short circuits the rotor. However, during the crowbar activation, the rotor converter must be disconnected, hence the power generated with the turbine is no longer controlled. In doing so, the crowbar impedes the wind turbine from carrying out the voltage stabilization required by most new grid codes. This paper proposes a novel control strategy that notably reduces the crowbar activation time. As a result, the control of the turbine might shortly be resumed and the turbine can furthermore supply a reactive power fulfilling the newest grid regulations. Experimental results of a complete system are included, demonstrating the viability of the proposed control.
Deployment of active network management technologies in the UK and their impact on the planning and design of distribution networks (2008)

Distribution networks in the UK, as in other developed countries, were designed to operate passively and deliver unidirectional power flows to dispersed end users. The introduction of distributed generation (DG) can render the existing operational philosophy invalid. Active network management (ANM) solutions are being developed to enable the increased connection of DG, often on a case by case basis as an economically preferable alternative to network reinforcement. A recent study undertaken by the University of Strathclyde has updated a register of completed and ongoing active management pilots, trials, research, development and demonstration activities. By considering the type and technical focus of each activity, the register demonstrates technical areas where much focus has been directed to date, where solutions have been implemented and where solutions are only now emerging. For solutions which have been implemented, the register provides an overview of the scale and impact of the activity, making the register a valuable resource for network planners. Analysis of the register content provides a snapshot of the current state of ANM, and provides recommendations to the key parties involved in the development and deployment of ANM solutions and technologies. (4 pages)
Nanoscale Surface Treatments to Functionalise Polymer Particles (PARFUN) (2011)

The consortium has generated particles with a very narrow size distribution and with properties tailored to the application. The particles have a size of the order 3 to 5 micrometer in diameter. Particles have been characterized extensively with respect to mechanical and surface properties. In order to produce conducting spacers the particles have been coated with nickel and gold. The particles have been incorporated in small prototype LCD cells and these cells have been characterized with respect to performance. No significant distortion of the liquid crystal crystallization is observed in the vicinity of the particles and ion leakage tests showed no leakage.
Electromagnetic energy vortex associated with sub-wavelength plasmonic Taiji marks (2010)

The Taiji symbol is a very old schematic representation of two opposing but complementary patterns in oriental civilization. Using electron beam lithography, we fabricated an array of 70 × 70 gold Taiji marks with 30 nm thickness and a total area of 50 × 50 µm(2) on a fused silica substrate. The diameter of each Taiji mark is 500 nm, while the period of the array is 700 nm. Here we present experimental as well as numerical simulation results pertaining to plasmonic resonances of several Taiji nano-structures under normal illumination. We have identified a Taiji structure with a particularly interesting vortex-like Poynting vector profile, which could be attributed to the special shape and dimensions of the Taiji symbol.
The measurement of viscosity by tuning-fork vibration mechanism (abstract) (1992)

We developed an unique device for measuring the viscosity of the liquids, using the mechanism of the tuning-fork vibration. This device has a pair of plate springs with a circular plate mounted on the end. When a pair of circular plates is operated in a sample by a resonance vibration in a reverse phase at a constant frequency, its amplitude is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the sample. So the viscosity can be obtained by measuring the amplitude. This device uses the standard liquid for calibration, and stores the calibration curve of the relationship between the amplitude value and the viscosity of standard sample. The rheological complicated materials can also be characterized by using this device.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CIS ADDITION OF HYDRIDE TO η2‐ALKYNE COMPLEXES BY INITIAL REACTION AT AN η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL (η5‐C5H5) RING. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE CARBONYL‐η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLIRON COMPLEX (η5‐C5H5)FECO(PPH3)(η1‐E‐C(CO2ET):CHME) (1983)

Abstract 1 H‐, "C‐ und 2 H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen der aufgezeichneten Reaktion von (lb,c) zu (llb,c) unter Verwendung von Deuterotriethylborat sowie die röntgenographisch ermittelten Molekül‐ und Kristallstrukturdaten für die ebenso synthetisierte Titelverbindung (IIa) (RG P2 1 /c, Z=4) bestätigen, daß der erste Reaktionsschritt die exo‐Addition des Hydrids an den Cyclopentadienylring ist und daß danach das geminale endo‐H‐Atom zu dem Alkin transferiert wird.
Induction of long-term receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex of the waking guinea pig by stimulation of the nucleus basalis. (1998)

Learning induces neuronal receptive field (RF) plasticity in primary auditory cortex. This plasticity constitutes physiological memory as it is associative, highly specific, discriminative, develops rapidly, and is retained indefinitely. This study examined whether pairing a tone with activation of the nucleus basalis could induce RF plasticity in the waking guinea pig and, if so, whether it could be retained for 24 hr. Subjects received 40 trials of a single frequency paired with electrical stimulation of the nucleus basalis (NB) at tone offset. The physiological effectiveness of NB stimulation was assessed later while subjects were anesthetized with urethane by noting whether stimulation produced cortical desynchronization. Subjects in which NB stimulation was effective did develop RF plasticity and this was retained for 24 hr. Thus, activation of the NB during normal learning may be sufficient to induce enduring physiological memory in auditory cortex.
Characterization of Staufen1 Ribonucleoproteins by Mass Spectrometry and Biochemical Analyses Reveal the Presence of Diverse Host Proteins Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2012)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) unspliced, 9 kb genomic RNA (vRNA) is exported from the nucleus for the synthesis of viral structural proteins and enzymes (Gag and Gag/Pol) and is then transported to sites of virus assembly where it is packaged into progeny virions. vRNA co-exists in the cytoplasm in the context of the HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that is currently defined by the presence of Gag and several host proteins including the double-stranded RNA-binding protein, Staufen1. In this study we isolated Staufen1 RNP complexes derived from HIV-1-expressing cells using tandem affinity purification and have identified multiple host protein components by mass spectrometry. Four viral proteins, including Gag, Gag/Pol, Env and Nef as well as >200 host proteins were identified in these RNPs. Moreover, HIV-1 induces both qualitative and quantitative differences in host protein content in these RNPs. 22% of Staufen1-associated factors are virion-associated suggesting that the RNP could be a vehicle to achieve this. In addition, we provide evidence on how HIV-1 modulates the composition of cytoplasmic Staufen1 RNPs. Biochemical fractionation by density gradient analyses revealed new facets on the assembly of Staufen1 RNPs. The assembly of dense Staufen1 RNPs that contain Gag and several host proteins were found to be entirely RNA-dependent but their assembly appeared to be independent of Gag expression. Gag-containing complexes fractionated into a lighter and another, more dense pool. Lastly, Staufen1 depletion studies demonstrated that the previously characterized Staufen1 HIV-1-dependent RNPs are most likely aggregates of smaller RNPs that accumulate at juxtanuclear domains. The molecular characterization of Staufen1 HIV-1 RNPs will offer important information on virus-host cell interactions and on the elucidation of the function of these RNPs for the transport of Gag and the fate of the unspliced vRNA in HIV-1-producing cells.
Benchmarking Framework for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2021)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), which comprise of large number of unit cells (meta-atoms), reflect the incoming wave according to desired radiation patterns. As the number of unit cells increase, complex radiation patterns can be generated. Similarly, a unit cell allowing more phase control and larger phase difference helps in the generation of complex radiation patterns at the surface level. However, the control circuit complexity and energy requirements also increase. In many practical applications, only a handful of radiation patterns may suffice. Additionally, the overall problem of finding the appropriate unit cell control state to generate any desired radiation patterns has combinatorial complexity. In this paper, we propose a benchmarking framework and suitable performance metrics that enable us to determine and compare the capabilities of RISs made from different unit cells. The proposed framework is numerically tested on three 40x40 RISs made from optimized and unoptimized unit cells of various resolutions reported in the literature. While the performance of RIS made from 1-bit unoptimized unit cell was overall poor, it was able to successfully generate some simple but useful benchmarking patterns. Thus, our framework provides a mechanism to identify the best candidate unit cell for a given set of requirements. The proposed framework has a potential to revolutionize future research and development on unit cell and RIS design.
Molecular Defect in a Gamma-2 (γ2) Heavy Chain (1972)

The first gamma-2 (gamma2) heavy chain disease protein Gif has pyrroli-dinecarboxylic acid as its amino terminal residue, much of the Fd variable region, and an internal deletion of the heavy chain of about 100 residues corresponding to most of the Fd constant region. Normal sequence resumes with a glutamic acid residue at position 216 in the hinge region. This is the third gamma heavy chain disease protein where normal sequence resumes at the same position after the deletion.
Retracted: Methane emissions from the Marcellus Shale in southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia based on airborne measurements (2017)

Natural gas production in the U.S. has increased rapidly over the past decade, along with concerns about methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) leakage (total fugitive emissions), and climate impacts. Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) operations is important for establishing scientifically sound, cost-effective policies for mitigating greenhouse gases. We use aircraft measurements and a mass balance approach for three flight experiments in August and September 2015 to estimate CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from O&NG operations in the southwestern Marcellus Shale region. We estimate the mean ± 1<i>σ</i> CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate as 36.7 ± 1.9 kg CH<sub>4</sub> s<sup>-1</sup> (or 1.16 ± 0.06 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>) with 59% coming from O&NG operations. We estimate the mean ± 1<i>σ</i> CH<sub>4</sub> leak rate from O&NG operations as 3.9 ± 0.4% with a lower limit of 1.5% and an upper limit of 6.3%. This leak rate is broadly consistent with the results from several recent top-down studies but higher than the results from a few other observational studies as well as in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CH<sub>4</sub> emission inventory. However, a substantial source of CH<sub>4</sub> was found to contain little ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>), possibly due to coalbed CH<sub>4</sub> emitted either directly from coalmines or from wells drilled through coalbed layers. Although recent regulations requiring capture of gas from the completion venting step of the hydraulic fracturing appear to have reduced losses, our study suggests that for a 20 year time scale, energy derived from the combustion of natural gas extracted from this region will require further controls before it can exert a net climate benefit compared to coal.
A Microfluidic Device to Statistically Determine the Distribution of Sickle Red Cell Subpopulations Using Bioimpedance (2021)

Bioimpedance measurements using microfluidic systems play an increasingly important role in cell analysis. In this paper, a microfluidic device mimicking the vasculature, in particular blood microcapillaries, and equipped with electrodes for bioimpedance sensing is described. Red blood cells, from patients suffering from sickle cell disease, were analyzed and discriminated in this device according to the physical parameters. The statistical position of different subpopulations on the Gaussian distribution of the whole sickle cell population was analyzed. A discrimination between sickle cell subpopulations, related to different density states, was achieved.
The development of a disposable gas chromatography microcolumn (2015)

The first molded gas chromatography (GC) microcolumn is described. This microcolumn consists of a single microtextured thermoset polymer composite which acts as both the structural material and the stationary phase. The resultant microcolumn is inexpensive and has been coupled to a disposable colorimetric sensor array, creating a disposable column-detector unit and demonstrating a proof of concept for a disposable GC microcolumn.
SEUSensitivity ofanAdvanced 0.13pm SlI Microprocessor (2005)

An advanced0.13gm SOIMicroprocessor was tested foritssensitivity toheavyionsandprotons, and comparedwitha previous generation 0.18gm version tested withthesamemethodology. Eventhoughtheoverall error rateswere somewhatcomparable, the0.13gmversion experienced a significantly higherfrequency ofprocessor functional errorlock-up (hang). IndexTerms-Single eventupset(SEU),errorrates, radiation effects, microprocessor, silicon-on-insulator (SOI). device socket wasmounted initsplace thatallowed the interchange ofdevices under test (DUT). PowerPC750FX devices wereprocured, de-lidded andthinned toathickness of200pmtoenable ionbeampenetration fromthebackside ofthedie. Theexisting FFTtest program wasupdated toloadand rununder theboards native VxWorksOperating System on reset allowing theevaluation ofthemicroprocessor atthe test facility. AsinthePowerPC750evaluation, thetesting captured theincidences ofDataError, wheretheoutput did notagree withtheexpected result, andFunctional Errors or hang wheretheprocessor failed toperform theoperation andlocked-up. TheseHangs weregenerally cleared by resetting themicroprocessor, butinsomecasesthe Functional Error wasaccompanies byanincrease inthe board drawncurrent andrequired aPower Reset toresume thetesting. Testing wasdoneattherated 733MHzaswellas areduced frequency of400MHz. We werenotable totest at thebusfrequency of133MHzduetotest board limitation.
Distribution of propping agents in vertical fractures (1967)

An experimental study has been made of the distribution of propping agents in vertical fractures. The results indicate that propping agent distribution may be described by 2 parameters: equilibrium velocity, which represents the velocity necessary to maintain the propping agents suspended in the fracturing fluid, and the bank build-up constant, which describes the rate of propping agent deposition when the velocity is below the equilibrium velocity. Correlations are presented for these 2 parameters, and their use for treatment design calculations is discussed. (21 refs.)
ATD Neck Tension Comparisons for Various Sled Pulses (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The structure of the racecar has been the subject of much discussion with regard to crash safety. The stiffness of the structure, the amount of crush and the resulting deceleration were being judged, in some instances, as too stiff or not stiff enough for the driver. Much of this discussion centered on crash incidents for which no deceleration data were available from crash recorders (black boxes). In this paper, crash test dummy (Anthropomorphic Test Device ATD) results are compared for various idealized deceleration-time histories (deceleration pulses) that represent various structural crush characteristics. A crash velocity of 64.4 KPH (40 MPH) against a wall was used to represent a life threatening energy level.&lt;/div&gt;