gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seabirds in the Stomach Contents of Black Rats Rattus Rattus on Higashijima, the Ogasawara (bonin) Islands, Japan (2009)

Marine Ornithology 37: 293–295 (2009) Eradication programs for invasive rodents have accelerated since pioneering efforts by New Zealand biologists in the 1970s to conserve not only seabird populations but also island ecosystems (Howald et al. 2007, Rauzon 2007). In Japan, Black Rat Rattus rattus eradication programs have been carried out recently in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (Hashimoto 2009, Makino 2009). The Ogasawara Islands are known to be a sanctuary for birds, including several indigenous or endangered species such as Columba janthina nitens, Apalopteron familiare, Tristram’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tristrami, Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel O. matsudaira and Bonin Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca (Chiba 1992). However, they are threatened by invasive mammals such as Black Rats, Norway Rats R. norvegicus and feral cats Felis catus (Kawakami 2002, 2008). Based on historical documents, Yabe (2006, 2008) estimated that Black Rats were introduced into the Ogasawara Islands in the 1910s, and Norway Rats and House Mice Mus musculus arrived more than 140 years ago. Despite their short history, Black Rats have expanded their distribution to more than 70% of islands and islets (Horikoshi et al. 2009), but Norway Rats and House Mice are known only on two islands (Kawakami 2002, 2008). SEABIRDS IN THE STOMACH CONTENTS OF BLACK RATS RATTUS RATTUS ON HIGASHIJIMA, THE OGASAWARA (BONIN) ISLANDS, JAPAN
Intramedullary fibular allograft and nail for treatment of femoral shaft nonunion. (2002)

We present a difficult case of hypertrophic nonunion associated with a large cavity in the lower third of the femur. The cavity had been created by a windshield-wiper effect after failure of fixation with a Schneider intramedullary rod in a patient weighing 450 pounds. Treatment consisted of exchanging the Schneider nail with a larger-diame-ter interlocking nail and using the intramedullary fibular allograft to fill the cavity. The fracture healed 4 months after the procedure. At 5-year follow-up, the patient had no complaint, and plain radiographs showed obliteration of the large cavity in the distal femur. Intramedullary fibular graft technique can be used as an adjunct to use of an intramedullary nail when the distal femur contains a large cavity or when the intramedullary rod does not provide adequate fixation stability.
The Effect of Soil Burial Degradation of Oil Palm Trunk Fiber-filled Recycled Polypropylene Composites (2009)

Soil burial tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of biodegradation on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) and the mass loss of OPT fiber-filled RPP composites, as compared to control samples (virgin PP and RPP without filler). The composite samples were prepared using 30% w/w of OPT filler with a size of 100 µm. Compounding was carried out using a Haake Rheodrive 500 twin-screw compounder operating at 190°C and 8 MPa for 30 min. The effect of biodegradation was performed in a perspex plastic apparatus for 12 months. Assessments of the mechanical properties and the percentage of mass loss were carried out at 3, 6, and 12 months of exposure in soil. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) of materials deteriorate with an increase in exposure time. The effects of biodegradation increase with burial period, i.e., from 0 to 12 months. The tensile properties, flexural properties, and impact strength of the composites decrease by about 38—47%, 37—50%, and 47%, respectively, as compared to the value before the biological test. In contrast, the mass of the composite samples increased by ∼12.7%, whereas for PP and RPP, it increased by around 10.7 and 9.2%, respectively. SEM analysis was conducted to analyze the deterioration and the poor fiber—matrix bonding of composites.
Correlates of thymus size and changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition: a cohort study (2017)

The study is based on data from the FeedSAM study, ISRCTN55092738 .
Self‐Constructed Electrically Conductive Bacterial Networks (2008)

Protein-Spannungsnetz: Ein Metall reduzierendes Bakterium, Shewanella loihica PV-4, ist in der Lage, ein elektrisch leitendes Netzwerk mithilfe von äußeren Membranproteinen und halbleitenden Mineralien als Elektronentransferleitung über große Entfernungen aufzubauen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Studies in Adsorption (1961)

Recent quantitative data for adsorption of disperse dyes on cellulose acetates and the relations between adsorption and dye structure are considered. The dye probably enters the fiber partly in monodisperse and partly in associated form, and penetrates between the fiber chains in regions inaccessible to water. This type of adsorption produces the characteristic linear adsorption isotherms. Several properties of the dye molecule determine the maximum adsorption of dye. Size. The smaller the molecule the easier it can penetrate into the fiber structure, hence the higher the maximum adsorption. Number of hydrogen donor atoms. The more donor atoms there are the higher is the adsorption, in certain cases; the dye forms —OH... and —NH... bonds with the fiber. Number of hydrogen acceptor atoms. The dye forms —CH...O, —CH...N, and —CH...Cl bonds with the CH 8 groups of the acetyl residues in the fiber.' Thus, the —CH...C1 bond between ethyl acetate and chlorobenzene in aqueous ethanol solution has an energy of about —3 kcal./mole and chlorobenzene itself is strongly adsorbed by cellulose triacetate from this solvent. In some cases adsorption rises with the number of acceptor atoms; in some cases it falls because of opposing electronic effects of other substituent groups. Steric effects. Functionality. There is a tendency for wide spacing (e.g. 1:4 disub stitution) of bonding atoms to reduce adsorption, probably by promoting dye-dye asso ciation rather than dye-substrate association. Nylon and polyethylene terephthalate fibers appear to adsorb by a similar mechanism, polyethylene terephthalate showing additional (aromatic nucleus) dye-fiber association.
A competitive and cooperative humanoid software developing scheme LoE and its improvements (2015)

DARPA Robotics Challenge left not only technology development in the humanoid field but also increase of the attention on humanoids and the motivation to become a humanoid developer to people. However, the reality is not so simple. To develop a humanoid which has enough DOF and performance, it costs too much and most people in the world cannot own one. In this research, we propose the LoE (League of Everybody) to improve this situation. The LoE is an internet based open software development architecture especially for humanoid. It provides people with a real humanoid and people are able to treat the robot as if they are actually owning it. A humanoid provided by the LoE is time-shared by people through the LoE and people develop software for the robot to challenge the given target task from the LoE. This scheme is able to satisfy both the people who are interested in humanoids and the humanoid technology field. In this paper, the early results of the LoE and current improvements to overcome the problems found from the beta tests are shown and described.
Multicast tree in MPLS network (2005)

In this paper, we study multicast tree construction in MPLS network. We discuss the difficulty in combining multicast and MPLS in a network. We describe some MPLS proposals for the multicast traffic and we justify the need for defining a new protocol. Thereafter we propose MMT, the MPLS multicast tree protocol, which uses MPLS LSP (label switched path) between multicast tree branching nodes in order to reduce the multicast routing states in routers and to increase scalability. We present improvements to MMT protocol and we evaluate it in term of scalability and efficiency. Finally, we present simulation results to validate our evaluation and we conclude that the MMT protocol seems promising and well adapted to a possible implementation of multicast traffic engineering in the network.
Ladungsübertragung durch den DNA‐Basenstapel (1997)

Abstract Seit dem ersten Strukturvorschlag für die DNA‐Doppelhelix besteht eine Diskussion darüber, ob die Stapelung der DNA‐Basen eine effiziente, weitreichende Ladungsübertragung ermöglicht. Die Konsequenzen einer solchen Radikalstellenwanderung durch die DNA sollten für das Verständnis von Carcinogenese und Mutagenese in Betracht gezogen werden. Die DNA zeichnet sich im Innern der Helix durch eine stapelförmige Anordnung von heterocyclischen, aromatischen Basenpaaren aus; sie ist ein einmaliges System zur Erforschung des Elektronentransfers. In unserer Arbeitsgruppe wurden Metallkomplexe entwickelt, die zwischen die Basenpaare der DNA‐Helix intercalieren und die es ermöglichen, DNA‐vermittelten Elektronentransfer zu untersuchen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir einige von uns durchgeführte Elektronentransferreaktionen, die durch den DNA‐Basenstapel vermittelt werden. In einigen dient die DNA als Brücke, und mit spektroskopischen Verfahren können wir untersuchen, wie der Basenstapel DNA‐gebundene Donoren und Acceptoren koppelt. Die Untersuchungen deuten auf eine hohe Empfindlichkeit der Kopplung gegenüber der DNA‐Intercalation hin. Wenn der DNA‐Basenstapel Donoren und Acceptoren effektiv miteinander verbindet, kann er auch als ausgezeichneter Elektronentransferkanal der DNA selbst dienen, allerdings in Reaktionen, die von entfernten Positionen ausgelöst wurden. Wir haben auch viele Versuche zur oxidativen DNA‐Schädigung durchgeführt, die von einem in größerer Entfernung an der Helix fixierten Oxidationsmittel initiiert wird. Die Ladungsübertragungen hängen sehr von der DNA‐Intercalation und von der Integrität des Basenstapels ab, aber nicht von der Entfernung. Auch die als DNA‐Schädigung physiologisch bedeutsame Bildung von Thymindimeren kann in einer durch Elektronentransfer initiierten Reaktion rückgängig gemacht werden. Über größere Entfernungen vermittelte chemische Reaktionen werden also durch die DNA‐Doppelhelix ermöglicht.
Reliable multicast on a WDM Optical Packet Ring (2012)

The present paper addresses multicast protection in WDM Optical Packet Rings that are currently considered for future metro network architectures. The considered architecture is optically transparent for transit traffic, which drastically limits the number of OEO conversions compared to e.g. Ethernet Packet Rings. WDM Optical Packet Rings offer huge capacity while still retaining a packet based granularity, which is not the case for ROADM based networks. Metro networks now support multicast, as IPTV services are largely deployed. Two alternate methods for implementing the traditional 1+1 and 1:1 protection mechanisms are proposed. Both rely on using the time slotted control channel to deliver failure and recovery information. The performance of the two methods are thoroughly assessed and it is shown that the transient degradation durations are always bounded by the Ring Round Trip Time, which is at least an order of magnitude less than the usual 50ms target time for protection. Moreover, using a Multicast Drop-off Point is shown to provide an almost loss free transport in case of single failure. Lastly the single ring protection schemes are extended to multi-ring architectures, relying on an MPLS-TP compatible operation mode of the WDM optical packet rings.
Synthesis of Magnesium Dititanate (1992)

A very pure magnesium dititanate, MgTi 2 O 5 , is obtained from a precipitate calcined at 480° to 500°C for 2 h in a dynamic atmosphere. This precipitate is prepared at room temperature by the coprecipitation of a sulfuric solution, Ti(IV)–Mg(II), in a molar ratio of 2:1, with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at pH ≃ 12.
Perceptual constancy and the dynamics of extracting perceptual visual invariants in virtual immersion (2008)

Visual perception relies on perceptual constancy to guide motor behavior. This constancy can be assimilated to topological invariance extracted from visual exploration of the surrounding. In this paper, gaze behavior data coming from an experiment conducted in virtual immersion are analyzed to better understand their nonlinear properties. Results point toward an explanation of the process of perceptual visual invariance extraction in terms of fractal dynamics.
Medium-voltage drive fan save: Energy efficient fan systems in power engineering (2013)

Fan systems, pump systems and compressed air systems consume approximately 60% of total electricity generated worldwide. These systems have very significant cost-effective energy saving potential and/or CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> reduction potential. However, the major barriers preventing to use this potential are i) no simple pattern for general solution - the need of sophisticated individual evaluation of each application for concrete facilities, and ii) the lack of methodology and/or tools that would be able to sufficiently and reliably quantify the real energy saving potential for the most suitable technology both from technological and economical point of view. In this paper, we present the results of research project which is intended to overcome these barriers. It is introduced the developed software tool, methodology and physical background for modeling of high-power industrial fan systems. By specific, we have focused on evaluation and comparison of axial-type fan in the configuration with fixed speed drive and variable pitch flow control and in the configuration with variable speed drive (VSD) and/or flow control which are directly competing technologies for energy-efficient flow control. Comparison was performed on a case study of a fan for cooling towers in thermal and/or nuclear power plants. In addition, we have attached comparisons to conventional flow control methods employing axial type of fans.
[Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methyl]benzene (2009)

[40906-82-9] C9H6F6O4S2 (MW 356.26) InChI = 1S/C9H6F6O4S2/c10-8(11,12)20(16,17)7(6-4-2-1-3-5-6)21(18,19)9(13,14)15/h1-5,7H InChIKey = ZMWKYYJODBYKHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent is an acid) Physical Data: mp 101–101.5 °C.1 Solubility: [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methyl]benzene is soluble in apolar, nondonating solvents such as methylene chloride and toluene.2 Purification: sublimation (85 °C, 0.05 Torr)3 followed by recrystallization (hexanes)1 provides high-purity crystals. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: nonoxidizing, nonhygroscopic, and readily handled in air.2 Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure. Storage: keep tightly closed.
Similarity Measures for Categorical Data: A Comparative Evaluation (2008)

Measuring similarity or distance between two entities is a key step for several data mining and knowledge discovery tasks. The notion of similarity for continuous data is relatively well-understood, but for categorical data, the similarity computation is not straightforward. Several data-driven similarity measures have been proposed in the literature to compute the similarity between two categorical data instances but their relative performance has not been evaluated. In this paper we study the performance of a variety of similarity measures in the context of a specific data mining task: outlier detection. Results on a variety of data sets show that while no one measure dominates others for all types of problems, some measures are able to have consistently high performance.
System Identification and Automatic Mass Balancing of Ground-Based Three-Axis Spacecraft Simulator (2006)

Abstract : The ground-based spacecraft simulator is a useful tool to develop and verify new control laws required by modern spacecraft applications. In order to simulate the space environment with the ground-based spacecraft simulator, the effects of gravity should be minimized. In this paper, a three-axis rotational rigid spacecraft simulator on a spherical air-bearing system is considered. The method of estimating the inertial properties of a spacecraft as well as the location of the center of mass is presented with the batch least- square estimation. The identified center of mass location is used to actuate the automatic mass balancing system to compensate for the center of mass offset. Adaptive control of the automatic mass balancing system is also presented when the balancing masses are actuated in real-time to eliminate the center of mass offset from the center of rotation. The proposed technique is implemented on the Three Axis Simulator 2 (TAS2) which is a ground-based experimental testbed for the Bifocal Relay Mirror Spacecraft (BRMS).
Stereochemistry of sugar units in glycosylamine ligands of octahedral complexes derived from tris(trimethylenediamine)-nickel(II) and natural aldohexoses (1993)

Some natural aldohexoses reacted with [Ni(tn)3]2+(tn = trimethylenediamine) to yield octahedral nickel(II) complexes containing glycosylamine ligands. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic moments, electronic and CD spectra. The molecular structure of [Ni(L-Rha-tn)2]Br2·2H2O·MeOH [L-Rha-tn = 1-(3-aminopropylamino)-1,6-dideoxy-L-mannose]1 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray techniques: orthorhombic, space group P212121, a= 12.373(1), b= 21.614(2), c= 11.272(1)Å, least-squares refinement led to a final R factor of 0.044 using 2657 reflections having Fo > 3σ(Fo). From X-ray crystallographic studies of glycosylamine complexes, two typical co-ordination structures of the aldose unit have been found in 1 and [Ni(D-GlcN-en)2]2+[D-GlcN-en = 2-amino-1-(2-aminoethylamino)-1,2-dideoxy-D-glucose], which can be discriminated by the two geometrical isomeric forms arising from the two substituents on C1 and C2 of the pyranoside ring, namely cis and trans. The sugar unit of 1 has cis geometry containing equatorial and axial substituents on C1 and C2 of the pyranoside ring. In contrast, the sugar unit of the D-GlcN-en complex has trans geometry at these positions, which are both equatorial. Assuming the 4C1(chair) conformers to be the most stable and based on some stereochemical considerations of both the sugars and the chelate rings, the structures of the sugar units in the glycosylamine complexes from all natural aldohexoses can be classified into either of the above two types, the only difference being the relative absolute configuration at C2 and C5. This classification is well correlated with the CD spectral patterns obtained in methanolic solutions.
Thermal distortion analysis on ACTS multibeam antenna (2003)

The on-orbit antenna system performance under worst-case thermal distortion is analyzed. The parameters under consideration are beam shift, peak gain, and edge of coverage (EOC) gain degradation for co-aligned multiple beams on separate receive and transit antennas. The analytical method and a method to minimize the thermal distortion effects are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Potential role of the airway wall in the asthma of obesity (2014)

The pathogenesis of late-onset TH2-low asthma in obesity is thought to be related to weight-related decreases in lung volume, but why only a subset of individuals with obesity develop this condition is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that natural variations in both airway wall stiffness and airway wall thickness could lead to a subpopulation of hyperresponsive individuals exhibiting the symptoms of asthma in the setting of obesity. Increases in airway resistance (Raw) after airway smooth muscle stimulation were simulated using a computational model of an elastic airway embedded in elastic parenchyma. Using a range of randomly chosen values for both airway wall stiffness and thickness, we determined the resulting probability distributions of Raw responsiveness for a variety of different levels of transpulmonary pressure (Ptp). As Ptp decreased from 5 to 1 cmH2O, the resulting distributions of Raw moved toward progressively higher levels of responsiveness. With appropriate choices for the mean and standard deviation of the parameter that controls either airway wall stiffness or thickness, the model predicts a relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness and body mass index that is similar to that which has been reported in populations with obesity. We conclude that natural variations in airway wall mechanics and geometry between different individuals can potentially explain why an increasing percentage of the population exhibits the symptoms of asthma as the obesity of the population increases.
The Concave-Convex Procedure (2003)

The concave-convex procedure (CCCP) is a way to construct discrete-time iterative dynamical systems that are guaranteed to decrease global optimization and energy functions monotonically. This procedure can be applied to almost any optimization problem, and many existing algorithms can be interpreted in terms of it. In particular, we prove that all expectation-maximization algorithms and classes of Legendre minimization and variational bounding algorithms can be reexpressed in terms of CCCP. We show that many existing neural network and mean-field theory algorithms are also examples of CCCP. The generalized iterative scaling algorithm and Sinkhorn's algorithm can also be expressed as CCCP by changing variables. CCCP can be used both as a new way to understand, and prove the convergence of, existing optimization algorithms and as a procedure for generating new algorithms.
Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes Useful for the Catalytic Deconstruction of Lignin (2012)

Lignin is an earth-abundant biopolymer that is grossly underutilized as a source of fuels and value-added chemicals. However, lignin is an intractable heteropolymer, which makes it difficult to deconstruct and upgrade in many chemically selective biomass conversion routes. The development of new catalytic routes to depolymerize this recalcitrant biopolymer is required to more effectively utilize lignin. To that end, our group aims to synthesize and characterize a collection of inorganic and organometallic catalysts to promote atom-economical catalytic lignin depolymerization. These catalysts have been screened against a continuum of model compounds and biomass-derived lignin for their usefulness in the deconstruction of these substrates. In addition, we have coupled our experimental efforts with quantum mechanical calculations to elucidate the mechanisms of catalysts to identify the mechanisms of lignin depolymerization. Detailed synthetic procedures, as well as spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization and DFT calculations will be presented.