gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES ON DRY BEANS: EXTRACELLULAR GELATINIZATION OF LIMA BEAN STARCH IN WATER AND A MIXED SALT SOLUTION (1977)

ABSTRACT Gelatinization temperatures of freely dispersed Lima bean starch were determined in pure water and a dilute aqueous salt solution. The composition of the salt solution was based on the hydration medium employed to process quick‐cooking beans. Morphological changes in the starch granules during the gelatinization process were examined microscopically. In either an excess of pure water or salt solution the dispersed granules expanded and exhibited a characteristic sequence of explicit configurations. Various stages of gelatinization were characterized in light or scanning electron photomicrographs as: (1) swollen; (2) dimpled or indented; (3) doughnut or erthrocyte‐like; (4) rubber‐raft shaped; (5) pancake; and (6) dispersed or diaphanous. The dispersed granules retained a veil‐ or film‐like residue which has been defined as a “membrelle.” Gelatinization was initiated at a specific temperature and progressed to completion over a limited temperature. With increasing temperatures, the proportion of granules affected increased until all the granules were dispersed. The gelatinization temperature range was 71–79°C in water and was 79–85°C in the salt solution.
2. The Effects of ECT on Brain Glucose (1999)

Henry, Michael E.; Schmidt, Mark E.; Matochik, John A.; Stoddard, Eve P.; Potter, William Z. Author Information
Sequencing allelic BACs for exploring the level of genome heterozygosity in oak (2012)

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Protective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Gentamicin-Induced Structural Changes of Calcite-Gelatin Composite (2016)

From these results, we can conclude that GBE may have a protective effect against GM-induced NO production and superficial structural changes.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of N-Heterocycles to Enals (2007)

An organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of N-heterocycles to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been described. The N-heterocycles investigated were 1,2,4-triazole, 5-phenyl tetrazole, 1,2,3-benzotriazole, and 1,2,3-triazole. Proline-derived catalyst 1 in combination with PhCO2H has been found to be effective for this reaction. With 10 mol% of the catalyst 1 moderate to high yields (45-87%) and high enantioselectivities (er = 90:10 to 97:3) were obtained for different alkyl and alkenyl substituted enals.
Parametric modelling of linear time invariant S-parameter devices in the Laplace domain (2002)

A statistically founded estimator for scattering parameter matrices of linear time-invariant systems is proposed. The estimator is applied to real-world High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) measurements performed on a wafer probing station between 0.5 and 50 GHz. The obtained results outperform the standard white-box models.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy for Decompression of Nonmalignant Gastrointestinal Disease (2015)

Decompressive PEG insertion is safe and effective at alleviating obstructive symptoms in patients with prolonged postoperative ileus, gut dysmotility, and/or complicated nonmalignant obstruction.
HVEM is a Novel Immune Checkpoint for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy in Humanized Mice (2021)

The Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) delivers a negative signal to T cells mainly through the B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) molecule and thus, could represent a novel immune checkpoint during an anti-tumor immune response. A formal demonstration that HVEM can be targeted for cancer immunotherapy is however still lacking. Here, we first show that HVEM and BTLA were associated to a worse prognosis in patients with prostate adenocarcinomas, indicating a detrimental role for this pair of molecule during prostate cancer progression. We then show that a monoclonal antibody to human HVEM significantly impacted the growth of a prostate cancer cell line in immuno-compromised NOD.SCID.gc-null mice reconstituted with human T cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we showed that HVEM expression by the tumor was mandatory to observe the therapeutic effect. Mechanistically, tumor control was dependent on CD8+ T cells and was associated to an increase in the proliferation and number of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Accordingly, the expression of genes belonging to various T cell activation pathways were enriched in tumor infiltrating leukocytes, whereas genes associated with immuno-suppressive pathways were decreased, possibly resulting in modifications of leukocyte adhesion and motility. Finally, we developed a simple in vivo assay in humanized mice to directly demonstrate that HVEM was an immune checkpoint for T-cell mediated tumor control. Our results show that targeting HVEM is a promising strategy for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Nuovi metodi di diagnosi precoce dei fallimenti di protesi d'anca con accoppiamento articolare ceramica-ceramica (2015)

L’accoppiamento articolare in ceramica è sempre più utilizzato in chirurgia protesica dell’anca per le sue eccellenti proprietà tribologiche. Tuttavia la fragilità della ceramica è causa di fallimenti meccanici. Abbiamo quindi condotto una serie di studi al fine di individuare un metodo efficace di diagnosi precoce del fallimento della ceramica. Abbiamo analizzato delle componenti ceramiche espiantate e abbiamo trovato un pattern di usura pre-frattura che faceva supporre una dispersione di particelle di ceramica nello spazio articolare. Per la diagnosi precoce abbiamo validato una metodica basata sulla microanalisi del liquido sinoviale. Per validare la metodica abbiamo eseguito un agoaspirato in 12 protesi ben funzionanti (bianchi) e confrontato i risultati di 39 protesi con segni di rottura con quelli di 7 senza segni di rottura. Per individuare i pazienti a rischio rottura i dati demografici di 26 pazienti con ceramica rotta sono stati confrontati con 49 controlli comparabili in termini demografici, tipo di ceramica e tipo di protesi. Infine è stata condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura sulla diagnosi della rottura della ceramica. Nell’aspirato la presenza di almeno 11 particelle ceramiche di dimensioni inferiori a 3 micron o di una maggiore di 3 micron per ogni campo di osservazione sono segno di rottura della ceramica. La metodica con agoaspirato ha 100% di sensibilità e 88 % di specificità nel predire rotture della ceramica. Nel gruppo delle ceramiche rotte è stato trovato un maggior numero di malposizionamenti della protesi rispetto ai controlli (p=0,001). Il rumore in protesi con ceramica dovrebbe sollevare il sospetto di fallimento ed indurre ad eseguire una TC e un agoaspirato. Dal confronto con la letteratura la nostra metodica risulta essere la più efficace.
Are 10 Wet Swallows an Appropriate Sample of Esophageal Motility? Yes and No (2003)

Ten wet swallows are sufficient for making a manometric diagnosis, because additional swallows are likely to change the diagnosis in only 2% of patients.
A Posteriori Error Analysis in the Finite Element Method (2014)

In this paper we discuss from a mathematical point of view some well known estimators. We compare these estimators for a simple two dimensional problem. In particular we consider the highly popular Z2 estimator deviced by Zienkiewicz and Zhu. Very probably, this is the most used one to date. Lots of papers report applications of this estimator to many different problems (see [ 19] , [20] for some references) . However, its mathematical foundations were not so solid . In this paper, we show that this estimator shares essentially the same good mathematical properties of the others .
Co-existence of russell–silver syndrome with arnold–chiari type 1: A new syndrome or just an association (2020)

Hemihypertrophy is not uncommon in pediatrics, a triad of short stature of prenatal onset, skeletal asymmetry, and clinodactyly is characteristic of Russell–Silver syndrome. Association of posterior fossa malformation of Chiari Type 1 with whole length syringomyelia is not reported in literature. We present a case with a combined feature of both syndromes.
A Fast Settling 4.7-5 GHz Fractional-N Digital Phase Locked Loop (2016)

In phase locked loops, settling time and tuning range form important performance parameters, in addition to jitter and power consumption. However, most PLLs are designed for improvement only in jitter and power, thus resulting in longer settling time. This work proposes an offset-frequency based fractional-N DPLL for generating frequency in the range of 4.7 GHz-5 GHz. The proposed PLL employs (i) hybrid phase detection with different TDC blocks to avoid the need of improving the TDC resolution for low jitter, (ii) a state machine using differential and double integration filtering effect for fast locking in the final stage of settling, and (iii) an infinite delay range DTC wherein the resolution of fractional frequency could be controlled independent of the loop bandwidth. The PLL is implemented in 65nm CMOS-LL technology and is able to achieve a competitive performance with 1.5μs settling time, 1.7ps jitter and power consumption of 25mW.
Coherent angular motion in the establishment of multicellular architecture of glandular tissues (2012)

Glandular tissues form ducts (tubes) and acini (spheres) in multicellular organisms. This process is best demonstrated in the organization of the ductal tree of the mammary gland and in 3D models of morphogenesis in culture. Here, we asked a fundamental question: How do single adult epithelial cells generate polarized acini when placed in a surrogate basement membrane 3D gel? Using human breast epithelial cells from either reduction mammoplasty or nonmalignant breast cell lines, we observed a unique cellular movement where single cells undergo multiple rotations and then maintain it cohesively as they divide to assemble into acini. This coherent angular motion (CAMo) was observed in both primary cells and breast cell lines. If CAMo was disrupted, the final geometry was not a sphere. The malignant counterparts of the human breast cell lines in 3D were randomly motile, did not display CAMo, and did not form spheres. Upon "phenotypic reversion" of malignant cells, both CAMo and spherical architecture were restored. We show that cell-cell adhesion and tissue polarity are essential for the formation of acini and link the functional relevance of CAMo to the establishment of spherical architecture rather than to multicellular aggregation or growth. We propose that CAMo is an integral step in the formation of the tissue architecture and that its disruption is involved in malignant transformation.
Optimization and cost-saving in tagmentation-based mate-pair library preparation and sequencing (2015)

In de novo genome sequencing, mate-pair reads are crucial for scaffolding assembled contigs. However, preparation of mate-pair libraries is not a trivial task, even when using one of the latest approaches, the Nextera Mate Pair Sample Prep Kit from Illumina. To reduce cost and enhance library yield and fidelity when using this kit, we have modified the manufacturer's protocol based on (i) variable tagmentation conditions, (ii) intensive DNA shearing to decrease library insert length, and (iii) sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq with >150 cycles. Finally, we provide additional suggestions for further improvement in the application of this kit.
Why accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors turn off much faster than they turn on (2023)

Understanding the factors underpinning device switching times is crucial for the implementation of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) in neuromorphic computing and real-time sensing applications. Existing models of device operation cannot explain the experimental observations that turn-off times are generally much faster than turn-on times in accumulation mode OECTs. Through operando optical microscopy, we image the local doping level of the transistor channel and show that device turn-on occurs in two stages, while turn-off occurs in one stage. We attribute the faster turn-off to a combination of engineering as well as physical and chemical factors including channel geometry, differences in doping and dedoping kinetics, and the physical phenomena of carrier density-dependent mobility. We show that ion transport is limiting the device operation speed in our model devices. Our study provides insights into the kinetics of OECTs and guidelines for engineering faster OECTs.
Selegiline Transdermal System (STS): Preclinical Assays of Dermal Safety (2004)

Two preclinical sensitization studies were conducted to determine the potential for allergic contact dermatitis with the selegiline transdermal system (STS), a novel transdermal system being developed to treat major depressive disorder. These included a qualitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analysis to assess the allergic dermatitis potential of selegiline, and a guinea pig dermal sensitization study to determine the delayed contact hypersensitivity potential of the STS. In the QSAR analysis, selegiline was classified as a nonallergen. In the guinea pig study, the STS was found not to act as a dermal sensitizer. Thus, based upon the results of these two preclinical studies, treatment with the STS is unlikely to pose a risk of causing significant allergic contact dermatitis. Human data, reported elsewhere, support this hypothesis.
Single-cell strand sequencing of a macaque genome reveals multiple nested inversions and breakpoint reuse during primate evolution (2020)

Rhesus macaque is an Old World monkey that shared a common ancestor with human ∼25 Myr ago and is an important animal model for human disease studies. A deep understanding of its genetics is therefore required for both biomedical and evolutionary studies. Among structural variants, inversions represent a driving force in speciation and play an important role in disease predisposition. Here we generated a genome-wide map of inversions between human and macaque, combining single-cell strand sequencing with cytogenetics. We identified 375 total inversions between 859 bp and 92 Mbp, increasing by eightfold the number of previously reported inversions. Among these, 19 inversions flanked by segmental duplications overlap with recurrent copy number variants associated with neurocognitive disorders. Evolutionary analyses show that in 17 out of 19 cases, the Hominidae orientation of these disease-associated regions is always derived. This suggests that duplicated sequences likely played a fundamental role in generating inversions in humans and great apes, creating architectures that nowadays predispose these regions to disease-associated genetic instability. Finally, we identified 861 genes mapping at 156 inversions breakpoints, with some showing evidence of differential expression in human and macaque cell lines, thus highlighting candidates that might have contributed to the evolution of species-specific features. This study depicts the most accurate fine-scale map of inversions between human and macaque using a two-pronged integrative approach, such as single-cell strand sequencing and cytogenetics, and represents a valuable resource toward understanding of the biology and evolution of primate species.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part CDLXII. Total photolytic syntheses of aporphine [(±)-N-methyl-laurotetanine, (±)-cassythicine, and (±)-pukateine], proaporphine [(±)-orientalinone], and morphinandienone [(±)-pallidine and (±)-salutaridine] alkaloids (1972)

Total syntheses of some aporphine, proaporphine, and morphinandienone alkaloids by photolysis of phenolic bromoisoquinolines are described. The 8-bromo-1-(3-hydroxybenzyl)isoquinolines (34), (35), and (36) gave the aporphine alkaloids (±)-cassythicine (40), and (±)-pukateine (43), and (±)-N-methyl-laurotetanine (42), respectively. The 8-bromo-1 -(4-hydroxybenzyl)isoquinoline (37) afforded the proaporphine alkaloid (±)-orientalinone (46). The 1-(2-bromobenzyl)-7-hydroxyisoquinoline (39) gave the morphinandienone alkaloid (±)-salutaridine (49). The photolysis of 8-bromo-1-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylisoquinoline (38) gave an abnormal product, (±)-pallidine (48).
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)-Specific T Cell Receptor Cross-Recognition: Implications for Immunotherapy (2019)

T cell immunotherapy is a concept developed for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, based on cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target tumor- or pathogen-specific antigens. Antigen-specificity of the T cell receptors (TCRs) is an important selection criterion in the developmental design of immunotherapy. However, off-target specificity is a possible autoimmunity concern if the engineered antigen-specific T cells are cross-reacting to self-peptides <i>in-vivo</i>. In our recent work, we identified several hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific TCRs as potential candidates to be developed into T cell therapy to treat chronic hepatitis E. One of the identified TCRs, targeting a HLA-A2-restricted epitope at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (HEV-1527: LLWNTVWNM), possessed a unique multiple glycine motif in the TCR-β CDR3, which might be a factor inducing cross-reactivity. The aim of our study was to explore if this TCR could cross-recognize self-peptides to underlay autoimmunity. Indeed, we found that this HEV-1527-specific TCR could also cross-recognize an apoptosis-related epitope, Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain 9 (MYH9-478: QLFNHTMFI). While this TCR had dual specificities to both viral epitope and a self-antigen by double Dextramer binding, it was selectively functional against HEV-1527 but not activated against MYH9-478. The consecutive glycine motif in β chain may be the reason promoting TCR binding promiscuity to recognize a secondary target, thereby facilitating cross-recognition. In conclusion, candidate TCRs for immunotherapy development should be screened for autoimmune potential, especially when the TCRs exhibit unique sequence pattern.
Wireless fall sensor with GPS location for monitoring the elderly (2008)

Falls of the elderly has become a major public health problem in our modern society. It is both the first cause of accidental death, but also the beginning of the loss of autonomy from these people. In this context, the paper describes a solution based on an energy-efficient embedded device capable of detecting the fall, to send a warning to a control and monitoring processing station and to locate the person in a close external environment. Fall detection, location, processing and signal analysis, and data transmission are provided by an accelerometer, a GPS receiver, a microcontroller and a Zigbee technology transceiver.
A Biodegradable Poly‐l‐lactic Acid Coronary Stent in the Porcine Coronary Artery (1999)

Although biocompatibility of biodegradable stents is controversial, stents made of high molecular weight poly‐ l ‐lactic acid (PLLA) are thought to be the most promising. We investigated the biocompatibility of PLLA stents histologically and angiographically in porcine coronary arteries. The Igaki‐Tamai stent is made of PLLA monofilaments (molecular mass 183 kD) with a zigzag helical coil design. Fourteen PLLA stents in 6 pigs and 9 Palmaz‐Schatz half stents in 9 pigs were implanted in 15 normocholesterolemic pigs. Stents were mounted on a delivery catheter, and were implanted percutaneously into coronary arteries. Coronary angiography was performed before and immediately after stenting, at 2 and 6 weeks in five PLLA pigs and nine Palmaz‐Schatz pigs. Histological studies were performed in PLLA pigs: 2 pigs at 2 weeks, 3 pigs at 6 weeks, and 1 pig at 16 weeks with hematoxylin‐eosin and elastica van Giesons stains. All PLLA stents were successfully delivered. No stent thrombosis was detected in either group. There were no significant differences in minimal lumen diameter (MLD) or percent diameter stenosis between the PLLA and Palmaz‐Schatz stent groups immediately after implantation, or at 2 or 6 weeks after implantation. Histological studies at 2, 6, and 16 weeks revealed no inflammation and minimal neointimal coverage on the PLLA stent struts. The PLLA stent maintained its structure for up to 16 weeks. These results suggest sufficient biocompatibility and strength of PLLA biodegradable stents in porcine coronary arteries. Clinical trial is now underway to validate the safety and usefulness of PLLA stents in humans.
Radial passive immune hemolysis assay for detection of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by individual colonies of Escherichia coli or Vibrio cholerae (1978)

A rapid screening test has been developed to detect heat-labile enterotoxin produced by individual colonies of Escherichia coli or Vibrio cholerae growing on media solidified with agar. The applicability of this method for isolating tox mutants of E. coli and V. cholerae has been demonstrated.
A predicate matching algorithm for database rule systems (1990)

Forward-chaining rule systems must test each newly asserted fact against a collection of predicates to find those rules that match the fact. Expert system rule engines use a simple combination of hashing and sequential search for this matching. We introduce an algorithm for finding the matching predicates that is more efficient than the standard algorithm when the number of predicates is large. We focus on equality and inequality predicates on totally ordered domains. This algorithm is well-suited for database rule systems, where predicate-testing speed is critical. A key component of the algorithm is the interval binary search tree (IBS-tree). The IBS-tree is designed to allow efficient retrieval of all intervals (e.g. range predicates) that overlap a point, while allowing dynamic insertion and deletion of intervals. The algorithm could also be used to improve the performance of forward-chaining inference engines for large expert systems applications.
Privacy-Enhanced Searches Using Encrypted Bloom Filters (2007)

It is often necessary for two or more or more parties that do not fully trust each other to share data selectively. For example, one intelligence agency might be willing to turn over certain documents to another such agency, but only if the second agency requests the specific documents. The problem, of course, is finding out that such documents exist when access to the database is restricted. We propose a search scheme based on Bloom filters and group ciphers such as Pohlig-Hellman encryption. A semi-trusted third party can transform one party's search queries to a form suitable for querying the other party's database, in such a way that neither the third party nor the database owner can see the original query. Furthermore, the encryption keys used to construct the Bloom filters are not shared with this third party. Multiple providers and queries are supported; provision can be made for third-party "warrant servers", as well as "censorship sets" that limit the data to be shared.