gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological Changes of Suspensions Induced by Electrohydrodynamic Instability (1999)

A new type of ER suspension is invented with a fluorinated organic compound. The suspensions show a viscosity increase without yield stress on the application of electric fields. The results cannot be explained by the chain formation mechanism. After the ER experiments, the plate surface of rheometer is covered with stripes of aggregated particles. The periodic structure may be formed in the electrified suspensions. When a dielectric liquid is subjected to high electric fields, the secondary motion of liquid can be induced. The electrohydrodynamic convection is responsible for the periodic distribution of particles. The ER effect of the suspensions may be generated by a combined effect of electrohydrodynamic convection and external shear.
Preference Transformer: Modeling Human Preferences using Transformers for RL (2023)

Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides a framework to train agents using human preferences between two behaviors. However, preference-based RL has been challenging to scale since it requires a large amount of human feedback to learn a reward function aligned with human intent. In this paper, we present Preference Transformer, a neural architecture that models human preferences using transformers. Unlike prior approaches assuming human judgment is based on the Markovian rewards which contribute to the decision equally, we introduce a new preference model based on the weighted sum of non-Markovian rewards. We then design the proposed preference model using a transformer architecture that stacks causal and bidirectional self-attention layers. We demonstrate that Preference Transformer can solve a variety of control tasks using real human preferences, while prior approaches fail to work. We also show that Preference Transformer can induce a well-specified reward and attend to critical events in the trajectory by automatically capturing the temporal dependencies in human decision-making. Code is available on the project website: https://sites.google.com/view/preference-transformer.
LOWER EXTREMITY STRENGTH AND BALANCE AFTER TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY. (2001)

Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, VA RR&D, Geriatric Gait and Balance Disorders Clinic, Veterans Administration Hospital and GRECC, Gainesville, FL.
Inhibition of GLUT4 Translocation by Tbc1d1, a Rab GTPase-activating Protein Abundant in Skeletal Muscle, Is Partially Relieved by AMP-activated Protein Kinase Activation (2008)

Insulin increases glucose transport by stimulating the trafficking of intracellular GLUT4 to the cell surface, a process known as GLUT4 translocation. A key protein in signaling this process is AS160, a Rab GTPase-activating protein (GAP) whose activity appears to be suppressed by Akt phosphorylation. Tbc1d1 is a Rab GAP with a sequence highly similar to that of AS160 and with the same Rab specificity as that of AS160. The role of Tbc1d1 in regulating GLUT4 trafficking has been unclear. Our previous study showed that overexpressed Tbc1d1 inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, even though insulin caused phosphorylation on its single canonical Akt motif. In the present study, we show in 3T3-L1 adipocytes that Tbc1d1 is only 1/20 as abundant as AS160, that knockdown of Tbc1d1 has no effect on insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation, and that overexpressed Tbc1d1 also inhibits GLUT4 translocation elicited by activated Akt expression. These results indicate that endogenous Tbc1d1 does not participate in insulin-regulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes and suggest that the GAP activity of Tbc1d1 is not suppressed by Akt phosphorylation. In addition, we discovered that Tbc1d1 is much more highly expressed in skeletal muscle than fat and that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5'-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside partially reversed the inhibition of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation by overexpressed Tbc1d1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 5'-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside activation of the kinase AMPK is known to cause GLUT4 translocation in muscle. The above findings strongly suggest that Tbc1d1 is a component in the signal transduction pathway leading to AMPK-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in muscle.
T Cell Inducing Vaccines (2015)

A thorough and up-to-date review of vaccinology research in age of omics technologies. Part I covers the key innovations that are dramatically changing the field. In Part II chapters are focused on vaccines for diseases for which current treatment is ineffective. Essential reading for everyone working in vaccine R and D.
Drug Repurposing for Candidate SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors by a Novel in Silico Method (2020)

&lt;p&gt;The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused an unprecedented global public health threat, having a high transmission rate with currently no drugs or vaccines approved. An alternative powerful additional approach to counteract COVID-19 is &lt;em&gt;in silico&lt;/em&gt; drug repurposing. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease is essential for viral replication and an attractive drug target. In this study, we used the virtual screening (VS) protocol with both long-range and short-range interactions to select candidate SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. First, the ISM applied for Small Molecules was used for searching the Drugbank database and further followed by molecular docking. After &lt;em&gt;in silico&lt;/em&gt; screening of drug space, we identified 57 drugs as potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors that we propose for further experimental testing.&lt;/p&gt;
Phase I Study of Flecainide Acetate(E0735) Injection. (1996)

Flecainide acetate is an antiarrhythmic agent of class Ic of Vaughan-Williams' classification. It has already been introduced for clinical use in numerous countries ; the oral preparation was launched in Japan in 1991.In the present phase I study, flecainide acetate injection was administered to healthy adults at doses of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg to evaluate its safety, pharmacokinetic behavior and pharmacological action.Throughout the study period no subjective symptoms were experienced by any subject except for mild transient numbness of the tongue in 3 patients in the 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg groups. There were no abnormal laboratory test results.Plasma concentration of flecainide showed a biphasic pattern of elimination ; the elimination half-life in the λα phase was 2 to 3 min and that in the λβ phase was about 10 hours. Considering that these findings were relatively consistent with reported results from Western investigators, it appears that the pharmacokinetic behavior of flecainide does not differ from race to race. The P-R and QRS intervals were not clearly correlated with dose, but both intervals were prolonged after the administration of flecainide. The present study provides suggestive evidence that flecainide presents no safety problem if it is used in the dose range indicated above.The present study provides suggestive evidence that flecainide presents no safety problem if it is used in the dose range indicated above.
OpenFLUX2: 13 C-MFA modeling software package adjusted for the comprehensive analysis of single and parallel labeling experiments (2014)

Steady-state 13C-based metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) is the most powerful method available for the quantification of intracellular fluxes. These analyses include concertedly linked experimental and computational stages: (i) assuming the metabolic model and optimizing the experimental design; (ii) feeding the investigated organism using a chosen 13C-labeled substrate (tracer); (iii) measuring the extracellular effluxes and detecting the 13C-patterns of intracellular metabolites; and (iv) computing flux parameters that minimize the differences between observed and simulated measurements, followed by evaluating flux statistics. In its early stages, 13C-MFA was performed on the basis of data obtained in a single labeling experiment (SLE) followed by exploiting the developed high-performance computational software. Recently, the advantages of parallel labeling experiments (PLEs), where several LEs are conducted under the conditions differing only by the tracer(s) choice, were demonstrated, particularly with regard to improving flux precision due to the synergy of complementary information. The availability of an open-source software adjusted for PLE-based 13C-MFA is an important factor for PLE implementation. The open-source software OpenFLUX, initially developed for the analysis of SLEs, was extended for the computation of PLE data. Using the OpenFLUX2, in silico simulation confirmed that flux precision is improved when 13C-MFA is implemented by fitting PLE data to the common model compared with SLE-based analysis. Efficient flux resolution could be achieved in the PLE-mediated analysis when the choice of tracer was based on an experimental design computed to minimize the flux variances from different parts of the metabolic network. The analysis provided by OpenFLUX2 mainly includes (i) the optimization of the experimental design, (ii) the computation of the flux parameters from LEs data, (iii) goodness-of-fit testing of the model’s adequacy, (iv) drawing conclusions concerning the identifiability of fluxes and construction of a contribution matrix reflecting the relative contribution of the measurement variances to the flux variances, and (v) precise determination of flux confidence intervals using a fine-tunable and convergence-controlled Monte Carlo-based method. The developed open-source OpenFLUX2 provides a friendly software environment that facilitates beginners and existing OpenFLUX users to implement LEs for steady-state 13C-MFA including experimental design, quantitative evaluation of flux parameters and statistics.
Distribution of PLGA nanoparticles in chinchilla cochleae (2007)

PLGA-NP applied to the RWM may have potential for sustained therapy to the inner ear.
Electrospun Azithromycin-Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Fibers for Endodontic Infection Control (2022)

This study was aimed at engineering photocrosslinkable azithromycin (AZ)-laden gelatin methacryloyl fibers via electrospinning to serve as a localized and biodegradable drug delivery system for endodontic infection control. AZ at three distinct amounts was mixed with solubilized gelatin methacryloyl and the photoinitiator to obtain the following fibers: GelMA+5%AZ, GelMA+10%AZ, and GelMA+15%AZ. Fiber morphology, diameter, AZ incorporation, mechanical properties, degradation profile, and antimicrobial action against <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> and <i>Actinomyces naeslundii</i> were also studied. In vitro compatibility with human-derived dental pulp stem cells and inflammatory response in vivo using a subcutaneous rat model were also determined. A bead-free fibrous microstructure with interconnected pores was observed for all groups. GelMA and GelMA+10%AZ had the highest fiber diameter means. The tensile strength of the GelMA-based fibers was reduced upon AZ addition. A similar pattern was observed for the degradation profile in vitro. GelMA+15%AZ fibers led to the highest bacterial inhibition. The presence of AZ, regardless of the concentration, did not pose significant toxicity. In vivo findings indicated higher blood vessel formation, mild inflammation, and mature and thick well-oriented collagen fibers interweaving with the engineered fibers. Altogether, AZ-laden photocrosslinkable GelMA fibers had adequate mechanical and degradation properties, with 15%AZ displaying significant antimicrobial activity without compromising biocompatibility.
Design of the SPEAR 3 magnet lattice (1998)

The SPEAR 3 Upgrade Project seeks to replace the present 160 nm-rad FODO lattice with an 18 nm-rad double bend achromat (DBA) lattice. The new lattice must conform to the layout of the SPEAR racetrack tunnel and service the existing photon beamlines. Working within these constraints, we designed a lattice with 18 achromatic cells and 3 GeV beam energy. This paper reports on design of the main DBA cells, design of the matching cells leading into the 6.5 m racetrack straights, and simulation of the dynamic aperture. The new lattice has gradient dipoles, conventional quadrupoles, and provides horizontal dynamic aperture to ±20 mm with conservative magnetic multipole errors. 1
Solvent-regenerated activated carbon (1988)

This report summarizes the results of a University/Industry research project, sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority and Fluids Design Corporation. The research project studied the solvent regeneration of activated carbon. Activate carbon was used to remove trace organics from aqueous streams, then regenerated by desorbing the adsorbates with organic solvents. The project included a survey of the potential applications in New York State industries, fundamental research on the adsorption/desorption phenomena, and design of a full-scale process. The economics of the full-scale process were evaluated and compared to alternate available technologies. The result of this work is a versatile process with attractive economics. A wide range of adsorbates and solvents were found to be acceptable for this process. The design methodologies are developed and the techniques for evaluating a new application are delineated. 13 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.
Plasmonic metasurfaces for subtractive color filtering: optimized nonlinear regression models (2018)

We develop and explore a nonlinear regression modeling approach to designing subtractive color filters (SCFs) based on plasmonic metasurfaces. The approach opens up the possibility of rapidly choosing a desired optimized SCF design with high color saturation and brightness using an analytical expression. In this Letter, colors are produced by absorbing the light of specific wavelengths and reflecting the remaining spectrum with silver gap-plasmon nanoantennas deposited on a silver film. First, we design three different SCFs-yellow, magenta, and cyan. Then, by adjusting the design parameters of the nanoantennas, we optimize their high absorption resonance peaks (reflections dips), which are tunable over the visible spectrum. Finally, by using nonlinear regression analysis, we fit our results to a cubic regression model. Accordingly, a SCF for a color of choice can be designed in a straightforward way. This is a promising technique that provides a methodology to design preoptimized filters for practical applications such as color printing, high-resolution chromatic displays, and multi-spectral imaging.
Inhibition of calmodulin dependent c-AMP-phosphodiesterase by moxaverine and papaverine. (1988)

Vasodilator properties of papaverine and moxaverine have been attributed to an inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE). The discovery of the calmodulin (CaM) dependence of c-AMP PDE activity necessitates a reinvestigation of the molecular mode of action of papaverine-like compounds. Separately analyzing the inhibition of basal and CaM-stimulated enzyme activity by these drugs proves the preferred inhibition of the CaM stimulated c-AMP PDE. Lipophilicity is assumed to represent an indicator of CaM-inhibitory potency.
The effect of centreline particle concentration in a wave tube (1996)

The interaction of sound waves with an aqueous suspension of solid particles was analysed experimentally and theoretically. A heretofore unreported effect of particle concentration in the vicinity of a wave-tube centreline was observed. The phenomenon is related to the combined effect of Rayleigh-type acoustic streaming, jet-like streaming (quartz wind) and drift forces occurring in the presence of a sonic wave in the suspension-filled tube.
Mechanism of DNA polymerase I: exonuclease/polymerase activity switch and DNA sequence dependence of pyrophosphorolysis and misincorporation reactions. (1986)

Mechanistic features of several processes involved in the idling-turnover reaction catalyzed by the large (Klenow) fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I have been established. The exonuclease----polymerase activity switch involved in the excision/incorporation mode of idling-turnover occurs without an intervening dissociation of the enzyme from its DNA substrate. Comparative studies on the pyrophosphorolysis kinetics of related DNA substrates indicate a significant dependence of the reaction rate upon the DNA sequence within the duplex region upstream of the primer-template junction. Finally, a gel electrophoretic analysis of the products of the idling-turnover reaction has provided direct evidence for an alternative DNA sequence-dependent misincorporation/excision pathway.
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES) special section call for papers (2009)

No abstract available.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of 3Mg(NH2)2–2Li3AlH6 (2011)

Recent efforts have been made to develop high-capacity complex hydride composites by combining alanates and amides. The hydrogen storage mechanisms in those composites are not unambiguously clarified because of chemical reactions during the sample preparation process. In this Article, we have studied the effects of sample preparation conditions on the phase stability of a mixture of 3Mg(NH2)2–2Li3AlH6 and identified that unlike high-energy ball-milling light mixing generates a physical mixture of the reactants without decomposition. Subsequently, the hydrogen storage properties, the desorption pathway, and the reversible reaction mechanism of the composite were investigated through a combination of kinetic measurements and phase and microstructure analyses. The results reveal that the first step of hydrogen release (initiated at 170 °C) involves decomposition of Li3AlH6 to LiH and Al. The second step of hydrogen release occurs as the temperature increases (to 230 °C) when Mg(NH2)2 reacts with LiH to form Li2Mg(NH)2. If desorption of the 3Mg(NH2)2–2Li3AlH6 mixture is limited to a temperature of 400 °C, then the reversible reaction takes place between Li2Mg(NH)2 (plus H2) and LiH and Mg(NH2)2. We find that the Al generated from the first hydrogen release step does not participate in the reversible hydrogen storage process and instead inhibits mass transfer that results in higher desorption temperatures (and low desorption rates) and lowers the overall reversible capacity (2.7 wt %) as compared with the neat reaction (i.e., ∼4.3 wt % without the presence of Al).
Benefit of taxanes as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (2006)

Considering all the available Phase III trials, taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer seems to add a significant benefit in both DFS and OS over standard chemotherapy. The lack of significant heterogeneity in the sensitivity analysis underscores the homogeneous effect across all trials.
Effectiveness of three times daily lansoprazole/amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea (2011)

Because dual therapy had fewer side effects than triple therapy and a similar eradication rate, dual therapy may provide an acceptable alternative first line therapy for H. pylori eradication in Korea.
<title>Amplifying medium behavior of an AC-excited high-power CO2 laser</title> (1993)

In order to achieve a compact industrial fast axial flow CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser delivering an output power of a few kilowatts with a high beam quality, the authors have investigated the behavior of an amplifying medium excited by an ac discharge also called `silent discharge.' The external electrodes discharge tube and this ac power supply have been developed. The power supply was working in a resonant mode within a frequency range of 95 kHz to 125 kHz and showed that the power transmitted to the load can be modulated by frequency modulation. The dependence of the capacitive coupling between the power source and the discharge load on the electrode geometry are studied. The dependence of the gas temperature on the electrical characteristics of the source such as voltage, current, phase, and injected power are displayed. In this paper we show that for a gas temperature of 200 degree(s)C the maximum input power density was limited to 11 W/cm<SUP>3</SUP>. In an attempt at a laser application, an efficiency of over 15% was obtained with a laser output power of 800 W for an electric power of 4,800 W.
CADLIVE dynamic simulator: Direct link of biochemical networks to dynamic models (2005)

We have developed the CADLIVE (Computer-Aided Design of LIVing systEms) Simulator that provided a rule-based automatic way to convert biochemical network maps into dynamic models, which enables simulating their dynamics without going through all of the reactions down to the details of exact kinetic parameters. The simulator supports the biochemical reaction maps that are generated by the previously developed GUI editor. Notice that the part of the GUI editor had been previously published, but, as yet, not the simulator. To directly link biochemical network maps to dynamic simulation, we have created the strategy of three layers and two stages with the efficient conversion rules in an XML representation. This strategy divides a molecular network into three layers, i.e., gene, protein, and metabolic layers, and partitions the conversion process into two stages. Once a biochemical map is provided, CADLIVE automatically builds a mathematical model, thereby facilitating one to simulate and analyze it. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of CADLIVE, we analyzed the Escherichia coli nitrogen-assimilation system (64 equations with 64 variables) that consists of multiple and complicated negative and positive feedback loops. CADLIVE predicted that the glnK gene is responsible for hysteresis or reversibility of nitrogen-related (Ntr) gene expression with respect to the ammonia concentration, supporting the experimental observation of the runaway expression of the Ntr genes.
Experimental Study on the Elemental Sulfur Solubility in Sour Gas Mixtures (2021)

The investigation of elemental sulfur solubility plays critical roles on sour gas reservoir development. In this paper, the solubility of elemental sulfur was directly measured by static method with gas samples from well M1 of a sour gas reservoir in Sichuan Basin. The results show that the solubility of elemental sulfur ranges from 0.001 g/cm 3 to 0.968 g/cm 3 at 40–98.9 MPa and 15–49.8 MPa. The elemental sulfur solubility increases with increasing temperature and pressure, especially when the pressure is greater than 30 MPa. Moreover, the H 2 S content in sour gas mixtures is also an important factor affecting elemental sulfur solubility. The elemental sulfur solubility increases with increasing H 2 S content of the sour gas mixtures. The experimental data in this paper display a consistent trend with the reported experimental data. Based on the experimental results, the chrastil-type model, Robert’s model and Hu’s model were investigated and compared. The results show that the chrastil-type model by fitting experimental data in this paper has less error and higher accuracy in calculating elemental sulfur solubility in M gas reservoir. The chrastil-type models proposed in the literature, meanwhile, are only based on the regression of specific gas components and experimental conditions, which lead to a large error in the calculation of elemental sulfur solubility of sour gas samples in this research. The research results provide important basic data and technical support for the development of M gas reservoir.