gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Various Design Alternatives on Moving-Base Driving Simulator Discomfort (1980)

The effects of three independent variables on eight measures of driving simulator discomfort were investigated using a high-fidelity, moving-base driving simulator. The between-subjects simulator variables were: (1) simulation of lateral acceleration (LAT)—by lateral translation (standard method) versus by angular rotation; (2) presence or absence of delay in the visual and motion systems (DEL)—nondelayed (normal) versus delayed; and (3) simulator platform (CAB)—open (normal) versus enclosed. Sixty-four subjects were divided into eight groups, each group having equally distributed scores on a test of field independence-dependence. Each group was then assigned to one of the eight simulator conditions. After subjects drove the simulator, a multivariate analysis of variance was performed on the data and resulted in significance for each main effect and the LAT x DEL interaction. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that dependent measures of pallor, skin resistance, respiration rate, yaw deviation, and steering reversals were each reliably sensitive to at least one of the simulator independent variables. It is concluded that future simulator designs should avoid: rotation of the platform to simulate translation, delay in the system dynamics, and complete enclosure of subjects.
Metabolic signatures in the conversion from gestational diabetes mellitus to postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism: a pilot study in Asian women (2021)

We aimed to identify serum metabolites related to abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study recruited 50 women diagnosed with GDM during mid-late pregnancy and 50 non-GDM matchees in a Singapore birth cohort. At the 5-year post-partum follow-up, we applied an untargeted approach to investigate the profiles of serum metabolites among all participants. We first employed OPLS-DA and logistic regression to discriminate women with and without follow-up AGM, and then applied area under the curve (AUC) to assess the incremental indicative value of metabolic signatures on AGM. We identified 23 candidate metabolites that were associated with postpartum AGM among all participants. We then narrowed down to five metabolites [p-cresol sulfate, linoleic acid, glycocholic acid, lysoPC(16:1) and lysoPC(20:3)] specifically associating with both GDM and postpartum AGM. The combined metabolites in addition to traditional risks showed a higher indicative value in AUC (0.92-0.94 vs. 0.74 of traditional risks and 0.77 of baseline diagnostic biomarkers) and R<sup>2</sup> (0.67-0.70 vs. 0.25 of traditional risks and 0.32 of baseline diagnostic biomarkers) in terms of AGM indication, compared with the traditional risks model and traditional risks and diagnostic biomarkers combined model. These metabolic signatures significantly increased the AUC value of AGM indication in addition to traditional risks, and might shed light on the pathophysiology underlying the transition from GDM to AGM.
[Paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome. Pseudotumors of the thymus occurring after correction of hypercorticism. 3 cases]. (1993)

Ectopic ACTH-secreting tumours responsible for paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome are invisible at radiography in about 50 percent of the cases. In this situation, the current attitude is to correct the hypercorticism and then embark on a regular morphological monitoring in search of the initial tumour with the purpose of removing it. We report the cases of 3 patients who had a paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome of unknown origin in 1 case and consecutive, in 2 cases, to a bronchial carcinoid tumour initially occult and discovered 30 and 42 months respectively after the onset of the disease. Six to 10 months after hypercorticism was cured with ketoconazole and bilateral adrenalectomy, a thymic mass 2 to 5 cm in length was detected by computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in all 3 patients. At resection of the thymus, performed in 2 cases, a benign hyperplasia of this organ with negative immunohistostaining for ACTH was discovered. This abnormality, seldom reported, seems to result from the abrupt cessation of hypercorticism. It must be known to avoid an unnecessary thymectomy during supervision of patients with paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome related to a radiologically occult tumour.
Exchange-Coupled Double-Layer Magneto-Optical Disk with a Reflecting Layer (1994)

Optical enhancement conditions and read/write characteristics for exchange-coupled double-layer magnetooptic (MO) disks were investigated. It was found that the figure of merit (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1/2)</sup> ·θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> ) for an MO disk with a thick (60 nm) magnetic layer is comparable to that of a conventional MO disk with a thin (20 nm) magnetic layer. The write noise level of the thick-magnetic-layer MO disk is markedly lower (2 to 5 dB) than that of the conventional disk. An exchange-coupled double-layer (GdFeCo 30 nm/TbFeCo 30 nm) MO disk, with a large Kerr rotation, moderate reflectivity and low noise level, is suitable for use as a high-performance medium. This MO disk has a C/N ratio of 45 dB at a wave-length of 680 nm, and a mark length of 0.67 pm when polycarbonate substrate with a track pitch of 1.2 μm is used.
In your own words: using full sentences as feedback (2002)

Many applications have cluttered dialogs that require users to make complicated settings. Some settings even determine the availability and state of other settings, creating interdependencies that can be hard to discern. Most afforadances, although they aid the use of individual widgets, provide no feedback about overall configurations. Here I present a technique for providing feedback in configuration tools using grammar-generated sentences that update instantly as the user acts. Experimental results confirm the technique has promise.
Demystifying Hawala: A Look into its Social Organization and Mechanics 1 (2017)

This chapter focuses on the routine practices and mechanics of hawala, an informal funds transfer system, which emerged in the Indian subcontinent and spread globally in recent decades. Hawala has come under suspicion of being a tool in the hands of al Qaeda and other terrorists, so a series of measures and policies have been taken internationally for its regulation and control. By focusing on the Pakistan hawala modus operandi, the chapter also explains the routes money follows before it reaches the final destination mostly in the hands of expatriates' extended families. By showing how these mechanics make economic sense, it makes a contribution to more sensitive, informed, fair and consensual law enforcement. The chapter outlines the social organization of South Asian hawala networks, often described as 'paperless' operations that leave no trails and facilitate serious financial crime and militant support.
Human Parvovirus B19 Infection during Pregnancy (1988)

Office of Epidemiology, Mississippi State Department of Health, Jackson, Mississippi; Division of Field Services, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia; and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut J. Infect. Dis. 156: 17, 1987
A double epidemic model for the SARS propagation (2003)

We find that, in order to reconcile the existing data and the spread of the disease, it is convenient to suggest that a first milder outbreak protected against the SARS. Regions that had not seen the first epidemic, or that were affected simultaneously with the SARS suffered much more, with a very high percentage of persons affected. We also find regions where the data appear to be inconsistent, suggesting that they are incomplete or do not reflect an appropriate identification of SARS patients. Finally, we could, within the framework of the model, fix limits to the future development of the epidemic, allowing us to identify landmarks that may be useful to set up a monitoring system to follow the evolution of the epidemic. The model also suggests that there might exist a SARS precursor in a large reservoir, prompting for implementation of precautionary measures when the weather cools down.
Engineered Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-3 Variants Resistant to Endocytosis Have Prolonged Chondroprotective Activity (2016)

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is a central inhibitor of matrix-degrading and sheddase families of metalloproteinases. Extracellular levels of the inhibitor are regulated by the balance between its retention on the extracellular matrix and its endocytic clearance by the scavenger receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Here, we used molecular modeling to predict TIMP-3 residues potentially involved in binding to LRP1 based on the proposed LRP1 binding motif of 2 lysine residues separated by about 21 Å and mutated the candidate lysine residues to alanine individually and in pairs. Of the 22 mutants generated, 13 displayed a reduced rate of uptake by HTB94 chondrosarcoma cells. The two mutants (TIMP-3 K26A/K45A and K42A/K110A) with lowest rates of uptake were further evaluated and found to display reduced binding to LRP1 and unaltered inhibitory activity against prototypic metalloproteinases. TIMP-3 K26A/K45A retained higher affinity for sulfated glycosaminoglycans than K42A/K110A and exhibited increased affinity for ADAMTS-5 in the presence of heparin. Both mutants inhibited metalloproteinase-mediated degradation of cartilage at lower concentrations and for longer than wild-type TIMP-3, indicating that their increased half-lives improved their ability to protect cartilage. These mutants may be useful in treating connective tissue diseases associated with increased metalloproteinase activity.
Nickel Availability in Soil as Influenced by Liming and Its Role in Soybean Nitrogen Metabolism (2016)

Nickel (Ni) availability in soil varies as a function of pH. Plants require Ni in small quantities for normal development, especially in legumes due its role in nitrogen (N) metabolism. This study investigated the effect of soil base saturation, and Ni amendments on Ni uptake, N accumulation in the leaves and grains, as well as to evaluate organic acids changes in soybean. In addition, two N assimilation enzymes were assayed: nitrate reductase (NR) and Ni-dependent urease. Soybean plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum were cultivated in soil-filled pots under two base-cation saturation (BCS) ratios (50 and 70%) and five Ni rates - 0.0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; and 10.0 mg dm(-3) Ni. At flowering (R1 developmental stage), plants for each condition were evaluated for organic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, malic, tartaric, fumaric, oxaloacetic, citric and lactic) levels as well as the activities of urease and NR. At the end of the growth period (R7 developmental stage - grain maturity), grain N and Ni accumulations were determined. The available soil-Ni in rhizosphere extracted by DTPA increased with Ni rates, notably in BCS50. The highest concentrations of organic acid and N occurred in BCS70 and 0.5 mg dm(-3) of Ni. There were no significant differences for urease activity taken on plants grown at BSC50 for Ni rates, except for the control treatment, while plants cultivated at soil BCS70 increased the urease activity up to 0.5 mg dm(-3) of Ni. In addition, the highest values for urease activities were reached from the 0.5 mg dm(-3) of Ni rate for both BCS treatments. The NR activity was not affected by any treatment indicating good biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) for all plants. The reddish color of the nodules increased with Ni rates in both BCS50 and 70, also confirms the good BNF due to Ni availability. The optimal development of soybean occurs in BCS70, but requires an extra Ni supply for the production of organic acids and for increased N-shoot and grain accumulation.
Novel semisynthetic 7-spiro-epoxycephalosporins (1988)

A series of novel 7-spiro-epoxycephalosporins prepared by the reaction of oxalyl halides with 7-diazocephalosporanate followed by various nucleophiles is reported: some of these compounds exhibit notable antibacterial activity which is dependent on the substituents and stereochemistry of the epoxide.
Two Step Conversion of Selenothioacetic Acid S-Butyl Ester to 1,3-Oxaselenolanes via Regio- and Stereoselective Ring Opening of Oxiranes (1997)

Abstract The reaction of the lithium eneselenolate generated from selenothioacetic acid S-butyl ester with oxiranes proceeded regio- and stereoselectively to give β-hydroxyethyl vinyl selenides in good yields. The acid-catalyzed cyclization of β-hydroxyethyl vinyl selenides was complete within 5 min to give 1,3-oxaselenolanes.
Juvenile Hormone Activity of Ethyl 4-(2-Aryloxyhexyloxy)benzoates with Precocious Metamorphosis-Inducing Activity (2007)

Ethyl 4-[2-(6-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)hexyloxy]benzoate (1) and ethyl 4-(2-phenoxyhexyloxy)benzoate (2), which induce precocious metamorphosis in larvae of Bombyx mori, a clear sign of juvenile hormone (JH) deficiency, showed JH activity when topically applied to allatectomized 4th instar larvae of B. mori. Compounds 1 and 2 induced precocious metamorphosis with doses at which they were effective as JH agonists.
Utilization of Natural Zeolite and Perlite as Landfill Liners for in Situ Leachate Treatment in Landfills (2012)

The potential long term environmental impacts of a landfill on groundwater quality depend on its liner material properties. In case synthetic liner materials are damaged during the construction or operation, many of the original chemical and biological constituents are removed by filtration and the adsorptive action of natural liner materials such as natural zeolite, perlite and bentonite minerals. Before leachate treatment, reduction of these constituents is important not only to leachate percolation, but also treatment cost and efficiency. In this study, the pollutant removal efficiency from the leachate was investigated for natural natural zeolite, expanded perlite and bentonite. Experimental studies was performed in boxes made of glass and with 1:10 sloping. Leachate quantity was determined and pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO(3)-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH(4)-N), phosphate (PO(4)), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic matter in leachate samples were measured and the measurement was compared with control process (System 4). The results showed that natural zeolite was effective in removing NO(3), NH(4), PO(4), COD and organic matter with removal efficiencies of 91.20, 95.6, 95.5, 83.4 and 87.8%, respectively. Expanded perlite has high efficiency removing of NO(3), PO(4) and COD 83.2, 91.0 and 62.5%, respectively, but it was unsuccessful in reducing NH(4) (1.5%).
In situ chemical analysis of tattooing inks and pigments: modern organic and traditional pigments in ancient mummified remains (2008)

At various points in human history, tattooing has been ubiquitous on almost every continent on Earth, used for reasons of aestheticism, religious beliefs or for social purposes. To study the art of tattooing with respect to a particular culture, one must always be critical to any references to the practice (written, pictorial or artefactual) due to issues of translation and misinterpretation. Complete verification may only come with the discovery of actual tattooed human remains. In combination with artefactual and anthropological evidence, these remains not only provide physical proof of the practice in a culture's ancestry but also possess the ability to link various other forms of physical evidence, which on their own would remain speculative. By its very nature, tattooing may only exist while the bearer is alive. Once the owner dies, the skin, along with the tattoo, decomposes (under normal decomposition conditions) and is lost forever. However, tattoos may survive if the dermal layers of the skin are preserved, either by natural or artificial means. The processes of mummification in various civilisations have provided us with a rare opportunity to study the art and processes of tattooing in antiquity. Existing tattooed mummified remains have been found in: Egypt; Siberia; Eastern Central Asia; Greenland; Alaska and St. Lawrence Islands; Central Andes (Peru and Chile); Philippines; New Zealand and Italy. Existing literature regarding the analysis of tattooing inks and pigments once deposited into the skin is very limited. Comparatively, the industrial organic pigments used to colour the majority of modern tattooing inks sold today have not been officially approved by any regulating body and as such, manufacturers are not required to disclose the chemical ingredients of their products. Chemical identification of these tattoo pigments post-procedure will aid medical practitioners in the event of complications or for the purposes of tattoo removal. Forensically, tattoos are often one of the distinguishing features used in the identification of victims of crime or accidents. Experiments were carried out using an animal model (Sus scrofa) for the tattooing. Given the theoretically large but ultimately limited range of substances available to both ancient and modern tattooists, the premise of the experiment involved surveying the literature regarding possible tattooing pigments and either obtaining or reproducing a careful selection of these in the laboratory. These pigments were then tattooed onto the ii animal model and after allowing for the essential healing period, the tattooed areas were excised, with those tattooed with traditional pigments subjected to various simulated mummification environments.
Copper and Copper Alloys (2006)

This ﬁrst chapter describes copper, its properties and characteristics, and where it is used, both in its pure form and as alloys. The emphasis is on materials that come into contact with human skin. This chapter provides the background for the second chapter, which gives a detailed discussion of the corrosion resistance of these materials and how that relates to their interaction with humans by sweat. Common items made of copper and copper alloys that are touched by humans every day include copper and copper-nickel coins, copper-nickel-zinc door keys, and brass door knobs, door push plates, and sink faucet handles.
Mineral Mapping and Applications of Imaging Spectroscopy (2006)

Spectroscopy is a tool that has been used for decades to identify, understand, and quantify solid, liquid, or gaseous materials, especially in the laboratory. In disciplines ranging from astronomy to chemistry, spectroscopic measurements are used to detect absorption and emission features due to specific chemical bonds, and detailed analyses are used to determine the abundance and physical state of the detected absorbing/emitting species. Spectroscopic measurements have a long history in the study of the Earth and planets. Up to the 1990s remote spectroscopic measurements of Earth and planets were dominated by multispectral imaging experiments that collect high-quality images in a few, usually broad, spectral bands or with point spectrometers that obtained good spectral resolution but at only a few spatial positions. However, a new generation of sensors is now available that combines imaging with spectroscopy to create the new discipline of imaging spectroscopy. Imaging spectrometers acquire data with enough spectral range, resolution, and sampling at every pixel in a raster image so that individual absorption features can be identified and spatially mapped (Goetz et al., 1985).
Diagnostic Performance of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Artificial Intelligence Using Deep Learning Analysis of Gallbladder Polypoid Lesions: A Feasibility Study (2021)

Abstract Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most accurate diagnostic modality for polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (GB), but is limited by subjective interpretation. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) in differentiating polypoid lesions using EUS images. The diagnostic performance of the EUS-AI system with ResNet50 architecture was evaluated via three processes: training, internal validation, and testing. The diagnostic performance was also verified using an external validation cohort and compared with the performance of EUS endoscopists. In the AI development cohort, the diagnostic performance of EUS-AI including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. For the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB polyps, these values for EUS-AI were 77.8%, 91.6%, 57.9%, 96.5%, and 89.8%, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB polyps, these values were 60.3%, 77.4%, 36.2%, 90.2%, and 74.4%, respectively, for EUS-AI; they were 74.2%, 44.9%, 75.4%, 46.2%, and 65.3%, respectively, for the endoscopists. The accuracy of the EUS-AI was between the accuracies of mid-level (66.7%) and expert EUS endoscopists (77.5%). This EUS-AI system showed favorable performance for the diagnosis of neoplastic GB polyps, with a performance comparable to that of EUS endoscopists.
Global patterns of health care for acute coronary syndromes (2004)

Significant differences in diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome patients can be observed globally, despite similar guidelines based on the same randomized clinical trials. Guidelines are not adapted promptly worldwide, influencing outcome and health care expenditure.
Mineral and chemical composition of surface bottom sediments from the Onega Bay, White Sea (2009)

The distribution of temperature and salinity, current velocities, suspended particulate matter, bottom sediments, bottom morphology, and planktonic and benthic organisms during the summer period are studied in the estuary of the large Onega River and coastal areas of the Onega Bay (White Sea) influenced by interacting marine and riverine factors.
Protein Kinase C as a Drug Target Implications for Drug or Diet Prevention and Treatment of Cancer (2000)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are serine/threonine kinases involved in signal transduction pathways that govern a wide range of physiological processes including differentiation, proliferation, gene expression, brain function, membrane transport and the organization of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins. PKC isoforms are often overexpressed in disease states such as cancer. In this review, PKC in a variety of cancers is discussed along with some specific cell biological mechanisms by which PKC exerts its function(s). The PKC family consists of several isoforms comprising three groups: classical, novel and atypical. Although PKC has been investigated for around 2 decades, only recently has the specific function of each isoform started to be elucidated and the isoforms evaluated for use as targets of drug action. Phorbol esters such as the tumor-promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) activate classical and novel PKC isoforms. Naturally occurring retinoids, antisense oligonucleotides against specific PKC isoforms and specific PKC inhibitors can block this activation. Beta carotene and retinoid derivatives act as anticarcinogenic agents and can antagonize some of the biological actions of phorbol esters and oxidants. Another important area of investigation is the use of antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit specific PKC isoforms. These compounds have proven effective in reducing specific types of cancer in rodents and humans and are currently used in clinical trials. This review examines PKC isoforms as a target of drug action with special emphasis on their use in cancer therapy.