gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analyzing NBTI in the presence of Process Variation (2011)

With continuous scaling of transistors in each technology generation, NBTI and Process Variation (PV) have become very important silicon reliability problems for the micro processor industry. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to capture the impact of NBTI in the presence of PV for use in architecture simulations. We capture the following aspects in the model: i) variation in NBTI related to stress and recovery due to workloads, ii) temporal variation in NBTI due to Random Charge Fluctuation (RCF) and iii) Random Dopant Fluctuation (RDF) due to process variation. We use this model to analyze the combined impact of NBTI and PV on a memory structure (register file) and a logic structure (Kogge-Stone adder). We show that the impact of the threshold voltage variations due to NBTI and PV over the nominal degradation can hurt the yield of the structures. Due to the combined effect of NBTI and PV across different benchmarks, 26 to 117 bits fail in a 8Kb size register file and the execution delay increases by 18% to 28% in a Kogge-Stone adder. We then discuss the implications of these results for architecture-level reliability techniques.
Choosing Promising Areas for Ag-Bio Industry by Using Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Model (2005)

Following in the wake of medical biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology (AgBio) is slated to become a key area of development in the biotechnology industry. Because agricultural biotechnology is closely connected with food, health, and resource technology industries, many countries are investing heavily in terms of both funding and talent to enhance their international competitiveness in this field. This research study was designed using the fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (FMCDM) methodology combining analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy theory and holding a specialists' conference to decide promising AgBio products with international competitiveness for use in guiding industrial development strategies and the allocation of R&D resources. The results show that the FMCDM model can effectively summarize the views of AgBio specialists for the purpose of selecting promising target industries. The research process was also used to explore the various target industries and assess key issues such as the causal relationship between criteria and industries' degree of development. Beyond helping decision-makers formulate policies and allocate resources, this information is also provided as a research reference in connection with market surveys and industrial development trends, etc.
Quantum Weirdness in the Lab (2007)

Response in the violation of the Bell inequality to imperfect photon addition and subtraction in noisy squeezed states of light,
Neurotrophic growth factors for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: where do we stand ? (2010)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that results in progressive loss of motoneurons, motor weakness and death within 3-5 years after disease onset. Therapeutic options remain limited despite substantial number of approaches that have been tested clinically. Many neurotrophic growth factors are known to promote the survival of neurons and foster regeneration in the central nervous system. Various neurotrophic factors have been investigated pre-clinically and clinically for the treatment of ALS. Although pre-clinical data appeared promising, no neurotrophic factors succeeded yet in a clinical phase III trial. In this review we discuss the rationale behind those factors, possible reasons for clinical failures, and argue for a renewal of hope in this powerful class of drugs for the treatment of ALS.
ALLOGENEIC HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION IN THE RAT SPLEEN UNDER CYCLOSPORINE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (1986)

An innovative approach for stimulating the rapid growth of allogeneic hepatocytes implanted into splenic tissue with maintenance of the structural integrity is described. Single cell suspensions of hepatocytes from normal male ACI-strain rats (RTIa) were injected (2 X 10(6) cells) into the spleen of allogeneic male Fischer (RTI1) recipient rats. A 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed at the same time as hepatocyte transplantation. Animals were treated for 4 days prior to, and 1 day after, transplantation with a feeding regimen containing 0.05% 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to inhibit regeneration of the residual host liver. Animals received cyclosporine (CsA) 3 mg/kg/day s.c. posttransplantation. Histological examination of a standard longitudinal section of the recipient spleen two days posttransplant revealed an approximately 0.54-mm2 area replaced by hepatocytes. By 7 days this had increased to 0.97 +/- .15 mm2. Without CsA administration, hepatocytes were undetected at 7 days. Both PH and AAF treatment were necessary for successful colonization and sustained proliferation. Withdrawal of CsA treatment at 10 days after transplantation resulted in rapid rejection of established hepatocytes. This study demonstrates that rapid colonization of the rat spleen with allogeneic hepatocytes can be achieved, and that the viability and structural integrity of these transplanted cells can be maintained for at least 14 days using cyclosporine immunosuppression.
Die zementfreie Schenkelhalsprothese CUT – klinisch-radiologische Ergebnisse nach 5 Jahren (2010)

This study demonstrates the CUT prosthesis as a bone-preserving prosthesis with good functional and radiological results and therefore as an alternative joint replacement in younger patients.
A Parametric Identification Technique for Single-Degree-of-Freedom Weakly Nonlinear Systems with Cubic Nonlinearities (2003)

We present a procedure for the identification of parameters describing a single-mode response of a structure possessing cubic geometric and inertia nonlinearities and linear (viscous) and quadratic damping (air drag). We use this procedure to identify the parameters describing the third mode of a cantilever beam. The beam is externally excited by a harmonic force having a frequency close to the beam's third natural frequency. We use the method of multiple scales to determine a first-order uniform expansion of the model equation and hence the beam response to such an excitation. We estimate the parameters based on the experimental frequency-response results and later use these values in the theoretical model. We then compare the model results with the experimental results. For the fourth mode, a comparison is also made between the results obtained using the proposed estimation technique with those obtained by the frequency-response curve-fitting method. We report on deviations and agreements between model and experimental results.
Process characterization and yield assessment in hybrid wafer scale integration (2003)

Functional yield in the hybrid approach to wafer scale integration (HWSI) is a product of the individual component yields in the HWSI assembly, including the contributions from the interconnection substrate and the pretested ICs mounted onto the substrate, and of the assembly processes employed to construct the HWSI circuit or module. The authors report process characterization and yield results for a high interconnection density silicon substrate technology, and for wire bonding and flip chip solder bonding chip connection technologies that are being developed to support HWSI module construction. The design of a SPARC CPU circuit module for parallel computing applications that uses this technology is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-Stage Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Monaural Singing Voice Separation (2013)

Separating singing voice from music accompaniment can be of interest for many applications such as melody extraction, singer identification, lyrics alignment and recognition, and content-based music retrieval. In this paper, a novel algorithm for singing voice separation in monaural mixtures is proposed. The algorithm consists of two stages, where non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is applied to decompose the mixture spectrograms with long and short windows respectively. A spectral discontinuity thresholding method is devised for the long-window NMF to select out NMF components originating from pitched instrumental sounds, and a temporal discontinuity thresholding method is designed for the short-window NMF to pick out NMF components that are from percussive sounds. By eliminating the selected components, most pitched and percussive elements of the music accompaniment are filtered out from the input sound mixture, with little effect on the singing voice. Extensive testing on the MIR-1K public dataset of 1000 short audio clips and the Beach-Boys dataset of 14 full-track real-world songs showed that the proposed algorithm is both effective and efficient.
On the computation of the continuous-time reference trajectory for mechanical juggling systems (2015)

A particular class of jugglers, i.e., linear mechanical systems, subject to impacts, which would not be controllable, if the impacts were absent, is considered. The main objective is to give a fully algorithmic procedure for the computation of the continuous-time reference trajectory for this class of systems, that, combined with an existing control law, constitutes the solution of the global dead-beat regulation of the “uncontrollable” subsystem, just by using impacts.
Arcing in space structures in low Earth orbit (1992)

This report describes results of an experimental and theoretical program to investigate arcing of structures containing dielectric and conducting materials when they are biased negatively with respect to a plasma. An argon ion source generated Ar(+) ions of directed energy 20 to 40 eV and density approximately 10(exp 7) cm(exp -3) that impinged upon samples containing a dielectric material on top of a negatively biased Kovar plate. Arcing events were studied for bias voltages between -300 and -1000V with respect to the ion beam. The samples were Dow Corning 93-500 adhesive on Kovar, fused silica cover slips bonded on Kovar, and silicon solar cells mounted on Kovar. Measurements of discharge current, Kovar plate voltage, and radiation from the arc versus time were carried out. Microsecond duration exposure images and optical spectra in the 0.24 to 0.40 micron band were also acquired during arcing events. Arcing events were found to be associated with exposed adhesive and means were found to eliminate arcing altogether. The charging of a silica cover plate and the fields around the plate were calculated using a particle-in-cell code. Models were developed to explain the ignition of the arc and the physical processes occurring during the discharge.
Recent Advances in Droplet-based Microfluidic Technologies for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2019)

Recently, droplet-based microfluidic systems have been widely used in various biochemical and molecular biological assays. Since this platform technique allows manipulation of large amounts of data and also provides absolute accuracy in comparison to conventional bioanalytical approaches, over the last decade a range of basic biochemical and molecular biological operations have been transferred to drop-based microfluidic formats. In this review, we introduce recent advances and examples of droplet-based microfluidic techniques that have been applied in biochemistry and molecular biology research including genomics, proteomics and cellomics. Their advantages and weaknesses in various applications are also comprehensively discussed here. The purpose of this review is to provide a new point of view and current status in droplet-based microfluidics to biochemists and molecular biologists. We hope that this review will accelerate communications between researchers who are working in droplet-based microfluidics, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Charge storage in doped poly(thiophene). Technical report (1984)

This paper presents a new method of electrochemical polymerization of poly(thiophene) using dithiophene as the starting material, from which a high quality film with a sharp interband absorption edge is obtained. An in situ study of the absorption spectrum during the electrochemical doping process has been carried out. In the dilute regime, the results are in detailed agreement with charge storage via bipolarons; weakly confined soliton pairs with confinement parameter gamma = 0.1-0.2. At the highest doping levels, the data are characteristic of the free carrier absorption expected for a metal. From a parallel electrochemical voltage spectroscopy (EVS) study, we find evidence of charge injection near the band edge and charge removal from the bipolaron gap states. In the dilute regime, the position of the chemical potential is consistent with charge storage in weakly confined bipolarons. the high Coulombic recovery over a charge-discharge cycle indicates that poly(thiphene) may be an excellent cathode-active material in battery applications.
Dapsone Form V: A Late Appearing Thermodynamic Polymorph of a Pharmaceutical (2019)

Five anhydrate polymorphs (forms I-V) and the isomorphic dehydrate (Hy<sub>dehy</sub>) of dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone or DDS) were prepared and characterized in an interdisciplinary experimental and computational study, elucidating the kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities, solid form interrelationships, and structural features of the known forms I-IV, the novel polymorph form V, and Hy<sub>dehy</sub>. Calorimetric measurements, solubility experiments, and lattice energy calculations revealed that form V is the thermodynamically stable polymorph from absolute zero to at least 90 °C. At higher temperatures, form II, and then form I, becomes the most stable DDS solid form. The computed 0 K stability order (lattice energy calculations) was confirmed with calorimetric measurements as follows, V (most stable) > III > Hy<sub>dehy</sub> > II > I > IV (least stable). The discovery of form V was complicated by the fact that the metastable but kinetically stabilized form III shows a higher nucleation and growth rate. By combining laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data and ab initio calculations, the crystal structure of form V ( P2<sub>1</sub>/ c, Z' = 4) was solved, with a high energy DDS conformation allowing a denser packing and more stable intermolecular interactions, rationalizing the formation of a high Z' structure. The structures of the forms I and IV, only observed from the melt and showing distinct packing features compared to the forms II, III, and V, were derived from the computed crystal energy landscapes. Dehydration modeling of the DDS hydrate led to the Hy<sub>dehy</sub> structure. This study expands our understanding about the complex crystallization behavior of pharmaceuticals and highlights the big challenge in solid form screening, especially that there is no clear end point.
Effect of Leaf Position and Age on the Essential Oil Quantity and Quality in Lemongrass(Cymbopogon flexuosus)1 (1989)

The amount and composition of the essential oil of CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUS (lemongrass) leaves at different positions in the tiller and at different developmental stages were investigated. The results showed that only young leaves are biogenetically active, and that the leafage and leaf position are important factors for the amount and composition of the essential oil. The results obtained also indicated possible interconversions of the essential oil constituents IN VIVO.
Avian-Inspired Grasping for Quadrotor Micro UAVs (2013)

Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) have been used in a wide range of applications [1, 2, 3]. However, there are few papers addressing high-speed grasping and transportation of pay-loads using MAVs. Drawing inspiration from aerial hunting by birds of prey, we design and equip a quadrotor MAV with an actuated appendage enabling grasping and object retrieval at high speeds. We develop a nonlinear dynamic model of the system, demonstrate that the system is differentially flat, plan dynamic trajectories using the flatness property, and present experimental results with pick-up velocities at 2 m/s (6 body lengths / second) and 3 m/s (9 body lengths / second). Finally, the experimental results are compared with observations derived from video footage of a bald eagle swooping down and snatching a fish out of water.
Corporate Social Responsibility - Deeds not Words (2004)

Proceedings from the II Inter-American Conference on CSR, celebrated in Mexico
Evaluation of the Osteoblast Behavior to PGA Textile Functionalized with RGD as a Scaffold for Bone Regeneration (2017)

The new era of biomaterials for repairing bone tissue injury continues to be a challenge in bone tissue engineering. The fiber scaffolds allow for cellular interconnection and a microenvironment close to the bone extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoblast behavior on a 3D textile of PGA (polyglycolic acid) fibers functionalized with the RGD (R: arginine; G: glycine; D: aspartic acid) peptide. The cell morphology, proliferation, and calcium phosphate deposition ability were evaluated on textiles at different time intervals under a confocal laser scanning microscope. The osteoblast viability ranged from 92% to 98%, and cell proliferation was higher in PGA-RGD than control PGA (uncoated). In addition, the osteoblast calcium phosphate deposition was significantly greater on PGA-RGD in osteogenic inductor medium (OIM) in contrast to controls without inducing factors. The PGA-RGD fibers supported proliferation and viability of osteoblast and stimulated bone osteogenesis and mineralization. These results support the adoption of this 3D polymeric textile as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
Experimental Modal Analysis of an Aircraft Fuselage Panel (2017)

Hypersonic aircraft structures must operate in complex loading conditions and very high temperatures, making the design of a robust and reusable platform very challenging. An analytical and experimental test program was developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and industry. The objective of the program is to review the design process of a thin skinned aircraft panel subjected to combined thermal-acoustic-mechanical loading, through a series of laboratory experiments at the AFRL’s Structural Dynamics Laboratory. This paper presents the results from a series of modal tests, performed to estimate the modal parameters of a hat-stiffened fuselage panel designed by industry. A comparison of the modal parameters of the panel, estimated from roving impact and a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) shaker test data of the panel is presented. Also, the variation in the natural frequencies and damping through various stages prior to the combined environment test is discussed.
Affinity purification of biologically active and inactive forms of recombinant human protein C produced in porcine mammary gland (1996)

Recombinant human protein C (rhPC) secreted in the milk of transgenic pigs was studied. Transgenes having different regulatory elements of the murine milk protein, whey acidic protein, were used with cDNA and genomic human protein C (hPC) DNA sequences to obtain lower and higher expressing animals. The cDNA pigs had a range of expression of about 0.1-0.5 g/l milk. Two different genomic hPC pig lines have expressed 0.3 and 1-2 g/l, respectively. The rhPC was first purified at yields greater than 60 per cent using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the activation site on the heavy chain of hPC. Subsequent immunopurification with a calcium-dependent mAb directed to the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of the light chain of hPC was used to fractionate a population having a higher specific anticoagulant activity in vitro. The higher percentages of Ca(2+)-dependent conformers isolated from the total rhPC by immunopurification correlated well with higher specific activity and lower expression. A rate limitation in gamma-carboxylation of rhPC was clearly identified for the higher expressing animals. Thus, transgenic animals with high expression levels of complex recombinant proteins produced a lower percentage of biologically active protein.
Carbon nanotube film-based cantilever for light and thermal energy harvesting (2010)

A new type of energy harvesting device based on a self-reciprocating carbon nanotube film (CNF)-PZT cantilever upon exposure to light and thermal radiation is reported. For a typical device of 20 mm in length, 8 mm in width, 300 μm in thickness, the open circuit voltage can be up to 8V. Without any device optimization, the generated power is in the range of 0.85 μW. Analysis and experiments indicate that the output power can be enhanced significantly by reducing the internal resistance of the device or by operating arrayed devices.
Abstract 2297: ERβ agonists reduce letrozole resistant breast cancer cell growth and diminish aromatase expression and activity (2011)

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors (AI) have shown efficacy against estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer; however, development of resistance to AI is a major concern. The need to develop therapeutic agents that overcome AI resistance is urgent. We investigated whether synthetic and natural selective ERβ agonists restored sensitivity to AI and anti-estrogens in hormone resistant breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that ERβ agonists such as DPN (a synthetic compound) and plant derived Nyasol, Liquiritigenin, and MF101 (Menerba) ERβ agonists may restore sensitivity against resistance by the current drugs. Natural ERβ agonists in combination with AI reduced cell proliferation in MCF7/ARO (overexpressing aromatase), MCF7/HER2 (overexpressing Her2/neu) LTLT-Ca (letrozole resistant), MCF7/TAM (tamoxifen resistant), SKBR3, and T47D breast cancer cells by 70 % to 90% when compared with DPN/AI combination. Our Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that combination treatment with natural ERβ agonist in combination with AI resulted in decreased levels of ERα, Cyclin D1, TNF-α, IL-6 and increased ERβ levels in LTLT-Ca and MCF7/ARO cells. In addition, aromatase expression and activity were decreased due to ERβ agonists/AI combination treatment. The activity of aromatase promoter 1.3, which is activated in breast cancer, was found to be down regulated with Nyasol, Liquiritigenin and MF101 combinations with AI when compared to single compounds in various breast cancer cells. Decreased promoter 1.3 activity is consistent with the combination-treatment decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokines known to induce this promoter (e.g., IL-6). Our data suggest that inhibition of aromatase expression/activity by natural ERβ agonists (in combination with AI) may be a factor in overcoming AI-resistant breast cancer cell growth by these drugs. Our data also suggest that modulation of inflammatory cytokines may be factors by which ERβ agonists may influence aromatase expression and sensitizing AI-resistant breast cancer to AI therapy. Further work is required to understand the mechanistic aspects of this regulation and to advance natural ERβ agonists to the clinical treatment of AI-resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2297. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2297
The recursive derivation of likelihoods on complex pedigrees (1976)

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