gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Medical and Surgical Interventions on α-Cell Function in Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study (2021)

Glucagon concentrations were reduced by L+M and LB in adults with dysglycemia, an effect principally attributable to weight loss in both interventions.
A self-stabilizing algorithm for the maximum flow problem (2002)

The maximum flow problem is a fundamental problem in graph theory and combinatorial optimization with a variety of important applications. Known distributed algorithms for this problem do not tolerate faults or adjust to dynamic changes in network topology. This paper presents the first distributed self-stabilizing algorithm for the maximum flow problem. Starting from an arbitrary state, the algorithm computes the maximum flow in a acyclic network in finitely many steps. Since the algorithm is self-stabilizing, it is inherently tolerant to transient faults and can automatically adjust to topology changes and to changes in other parameters of the problem. A slight modification of the original algorithm is also presented and it is conjectured that the new algorithm computes a maximum flow in arbitrary networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Do Adult Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL) Patients Require Allogeneic Transplant in First Remission (CR1)? (2022)

Introduction: Ph+ ALL has long been considered a high risk leukemia with poor outcomes when multi-agent chemotherapy is used alone. Allogeneic transplantation is considered by many the only chance of cure in this population. After reviewing data at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PMCC) in 2016, we found no overall survival (OS) difference between transplanted and non-transplanted Ph+ ALL patients. Thereafter, only relapsed or refractory patients were transplanted. We sought to determine the outcomes of non-transplanted Ph+ ALL patients who received a modified pediatric regimen (without asparaginase) with imatinib. Methods: A retrospective chart review of Ph+ ALL treated at PMCC from 2001 to 2019 was undertaken. Patient demographic data, disease characteristics, response, and course, as well as treatment information, were collected and a descriptive summary was presented using counts/proportions and median/IQR or range as appropriate. OS/RFS rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method, and the impact of covariates of interest were assessed using the Log-rank test. Results: 158 Ph+ ALL patients were identified since 2001. 56 patients (35.4%) received a transplant in CR1, while 102 (64.6%) did not. All patients received a modified pediatric-inspired regimen typically with imatinib (Table 1). Median follow up was 38 months (range 1 to 229 months). 144/158 patients achieved a CR with first induction (91%). N=6 patients died during induction (3.8%). Overall survival for all patients at 3 and 4 years, was 61.8% (95% CI 53.4-69.1%) and 54.1% (95% CI 45.5-61.9%) respectively. Overall RFS at 3 and 4 years, was 51.7% (95% CI 43.3-59.4%) and 46.3% (95% CI 37.9-54.2%) respectively. When stratified by transplant in CR1, 3-year OS was 49.8% (95% CI 36.1-62.0%) in transplanted patients vs 69.2% (95% CI 49.3-69.9%) in non-transplanted patients; p=0.145 (Figure 1). There was no significant difference in RFS at 3 years in transplanted (46.4% [95% CI 33.0-58.7%]) vs non-transplanted (55% [95% CI 44.2-64.6%]) patients; p=0.89. A 6-month PCR level indicating a molecular 3 log (or deeper) reduction (MR3) in BCR-ABL1 transcripts predicted a statistically significant improved 3-year RFS of 71.4% (95% CI 40.6-88.2%) vs those who had achieved only an MR2 (25% [95% CI 0.9%-66.5%] p=0.037). Overall, 48 patients relapsed. Of these, 13 received blinatumomab +/- a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) after relapse and 12/13 (92.3%) achieved a second CR, including one patient who had relapsed post-transplant. Of the 12 who achieved a CR2, 5 went on to an allogeneic transplant. Conclusion: Using a modified pediatric regimen and imatinib, there was no difference in overall survival between transplanted and non-transplanted Ph+ ALL patients, provided that they achieved an MR3 (or deeper) at 6 months. In those who were not transplanted in CR1 and subsequently relapsed, blinatumomab + TKI was a successful salvage regimen. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal
Efficient 18 μmKTiOPO_4 optical parametric oscillator pumped within an Nd:YAG/SrWO_4 Raman laser (2011)

A 1.8 μm optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a noncritically phase-matched KTiOPO4 crystal is demonstrated. OPO and stimulated Raman scattering techniques are successfully combined in an acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG/SrWO4 Raman laser. The device efficiently realizes three steps of conversion: from a laser diode wavelength of 808 nm to the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm; next, to the Stokes wavelength of 1180 nm; and finally to the OPO signal wavelength of 1810 nm. With an incident diode power of 7.2 W and a pulse repetition rate of 15 kHz, an average signal power of 485 mW is obtained with a diode-to-signal conversion efficiency of 6.75%. The beam quality factors (M2) of the signal wave in both horizontal and vertical directions are measured to be 1.7±0.2. The numerical output power results of the system, the thermal lensing, and the stability parameter of the cavity are also discussed.
Molecular methods to distinguish reactive and neoplastic lymphocyte expansions and their importance in transitional neoplastic states (2004)

Although lymphoma and leukemia usually can be diagnosed by routine cytology and histology, some cases present a diagnostic challenge for pathologists and clinicians. Often the dilemma lies in determining whether a population of lymphocytes is reactive or neoplastic. We review currently available methods for analyzing lymphocyte populations by immunophenotyping and by identifying clonally rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes and discuss how these tests can be used to clarify such diagnostic dilemmas. We also describe the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and methods on the horizon, such as gene expression profiling, to identify diagnostically useful oncogenes. Finally, we review the emerging concept of transitional neoplastic states, in which reactive lymphocytes transform to neoplastic lymphocytes in the presence of continued antigenic stimulation, such as that caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori. The existence of transitional neoplastic states underscores the need for an array of molecular diagnostic tools that would improve our ability to characterize lymphocyte populations in human and animal patients and enhance early detection of neoplastic lymphocytes such that eradication of the infectious or inflammatory stimulus could lead to cure.
Investigation of Conduction and Switching Power Losses in Modified Stacked Multicell Converters (2016)

Considering the advantage of the modified stacked multicell converter over flying capacitor and stacked multicell converters, and noting that investigation of the conduction and switching power losses can be advantageous in the design of multilevel converters, an analytical approach to calculate and analyze conduction and switching power losses in modified stacked multicell converter is presented in this paper. First, rms and average currents flowing through the insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and antiparallel diodes are analytically calculated by considering the duty cycle of each IGBT and diode in terms of converter modulation index, load current, and power factor. For validation, numerical results of the derived closed-form equations for computation of the rms and average currents are compared with simulation results and experimental measurements. Numeric computations of the closed-form equations match the simulation results and experimental measurements very well, which verifies the analytic equations. Next, derived equations for rms and average currents computation are utilized to calculate the conduction power losses. Finally, switching power loss analysis is performed by numeric approach and curve fitting method.
Design of integrated millimetre wave microstrip interdigital bandpass filters on CMOS technology (2007)

With communication systems designed for operation in the millimeter wave frequencies it is now possible to have most of the transceiver implemented on a single CMOS die. An important system component that is required to ensure regulatory compliance is the RF bandpass filter. Unfortunately to date RF bandpass filters have been difficult to integrate on CMOS because of filter size and undesirable performance due to the conductive substrate. In this paper a six step method for the design of integrated interdigital bandpass filters on CMOS is presented. The utility of the method outlined in the paper is demonstrated for an on-chip integrated mm-wave interdigital bandpass filter designed and fabricated on 0.13 um bulk CMOS. The fabricated filter has a centre frequency of 55 GHz and exhibits an insertion loss of -4.5 dB and a return loss of better than -13 dB. This band pass filter demonstrates the feasibility of building integrated RF transmit receive bandpass filters for the front-end of wireless systems operating in the millimeter wave band on bulk CMOS.
Identification of the harmonic currents drawn by an institutional building: application of a stochastic approach (2002)

Considering harmonics as a time-dependent stochastic process, this paper proposes prediction tools to identify both the stochastic and the time varying behaviour of harmonics. The randomly operating conditions of several nonlinear loads justify the use of a stochastic approach based on a continuous-time model. This approach is applied to characterise the amplitude of the harmonic currents on the secondary of a distribution transformer feeding an institutional building.
Caprine humoral response to Burkholderia pseudomallei antigens during acute melioidosis from aerosol exposure (2019)

Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a common source of pneumonia and sepsis in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia that results in high mortality rates. A caprine melioidosis model of aerosol infection that leads to a systemic infection has the potential to characterize the humoral immune response. This could help identify immunogenic proteins for new diagnostics and vaccine candidates. Outbred goats may more accurately mimic human infection, in contrast to the inbred mouse models used to date. B. pseudomallei infection was delivered as an intratracheal aerosol. Antigenic protein profiling was generated from the infecting strain MSHR511. Humoral immune responses were analyzed by ELISA and western blot, and the antigenic proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Throughout the course of the infection the assay results demonstrated a much greater humoral response with IgG antibodies, in both breadth and quantity, compared to IgM antibodies. Pre-infection sera showed multiple immunogenic proteins already reactive for IgG (7-20) and IgM (0-12) in most of the goats despite no previous exposure to B. pseudomallei. After infection, the number of IgG reactive proteins showed a marked increase as the disease progressed. Early stage infection (day 7) showed immune reaction to chaperone proteins (GroEL, EF-Tu, and DnaK). These three proteins were detected in all serum samples after infection, with GroEL immunogenically dominant. Seven common reactive antigens were selected for further analysis using ELISA. The heat shock protein GroEL1 elicited the strongest goat antibody immune response compared to the other six antigens. Most of the six antigens showed the peak IgM reactivity at day 14, whereas the IgG reactivity increased further as the disease progressed. An overall MSHR511 proteomic comparison between the goat model and human sera showed that many immune reactive proteins are common between humans and goats with melioidosis.
Effect of Measurement conditions and Knitting conditions on Permeability of NCF (2020)

In recent years, Vacuum assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VaRTM) process is attracting attention so that FRP products can be obtained at low cost than the autoclave. VaRTM process is a method which thermosetting resin is impregnated to fiber base material by vacuum pressure. Many types of equipment have been used for VaRTM process. It has been reported that arrangement of subsidiary material affects the impregnation rate. Therefore, permeability which indicated to resin impregnation properties is the key parameter in VaRTM process. In this study, effect of measurement conditions on permeability of Non crimp fabric (NCF) was investigated. Permeability was calculated by measuring the impregnation behavior of epoxy resin into NCF and using Darcy's law. This study suggested that the resin supply position and the inner diameter of the hose are influential factors of permeability.
Improved visual detection of moving objects in astronomical images using\n color intensity projections with hue cycling (2012)

While fully automated methods for detecting faint moving objects in\nastronomical images - such as Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) - are constantly\nimproving, visual detection still has a role to play especially when the fixed\nbackground is cluttered with stars. Color intensity projections (CIPs) using\nhue cycling - which combines a sequence of greyscale images into a single color\nimage - aids in the visual detection of moving objects by highlighting them\nusing color in an intuitive way. To demonstrate the usefulness of CIPs in\ndetecting faint moving objects a sequence of 16 images from the SuprimeCam\ncamera of the Subaru telescope were combined into a CIPs image. As well has\nmaking even faint moving objects easier to visually detect against a cluttered\nbackground, CCD artefacts were also more easily recognisable. The new Hyper\nSuprimeCam for the Subaru telescope - which will allow many short exposure\nimages to be acquired with little dead time between images - should provide\nideal data for use with the CIPs algorithm. In addition, the current search for\nKBOs to be targeted by the New Horizon's spacecraft after its flyby of Pluto\nprovides an excellent test case for the state of the art in faint moving object\ndetection against a cluttered background.\n
Sternal Intraosseous Infusions (2005)

Mary Jo Koschel is a flight nurse for AirLife, in Greeley, CO. She also coordinates Emergency: [email protected].
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-II in experimental liver fibrosis in rats (1995)

Matrix metalloproteinase-II (MMP-II, 72-kd type IV collagenase, or gelatinase) is one of the gene families of zinc enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix molecules, and specifically of degrading type IV and V collagens, gelatin, fibronectin, and elastin. In this study, we used both the liver fibrosis model and the reversibility model of experimental cirrhosis to clarify how MMP-II participates in liver fibrosis of rats. To produce fibrosis model, rats received subcutaneous injections of CCl4 twice weekly for 7, 9, or 14 weeks. For the reversibility model, rats were treated with CCl4 three times a week for 8 weeks and killed at 3, 7, 14, 28, or 42 days after discontinuation of treatment. MMP-II gene expression was studied by Northern hybridization technique, and gelatinase activity of MMP-II was examined by zymography using gelatin substrate. At the same time, an immunohistochemical study using anti-type IV collagen antibody was carried out. In liver fibrosis model, nodule formation was established at 14 weeks. Immunodeposit of type IV collagen was increased in wide fibrous septa and was clearly observed along sinusoidal wall. Gene expression of MMP-II increased up to 7 to 12 times compared with that of controls, with the expression rate being maximum at an intermediate stage of fibrosis. Zymography showed the expressions of both 65-kd latent MMP-II, which is confirmed to be activated by adding p-aminophenylmercuric acetate, and 62-kd active MMP-II during fibrosis. The expression of both forms increased 13 to 28 times as the fibrosis progressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of a Reactive Plume Model for the Consideration of Power-Plant Plume Photochemistry and Its Applications (2017)

A reactive plume model (RPM) was developed to comprehensively consider power-plant plume photochemistry with 255 condensed photochemical reactions. The RPM can simulate two main components of power-plant plumes: turbulent dispersion of plumes and compositional changes of plumes via photochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the performance of the RPM developed in the present study, two sets of observational data obtained from the TexAQS II 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II 2006) campaign were compared with RPM-simulated data. Comparison shows that the RPM produces relatively accurate concentrations for major primary and secondary in-plume species such as NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, ozone, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Statistical analyses show good correlation, with correlation coefficients (R) ranging from 0.61 to 0.92, and good agreement with the Index of Agreement (IOA) ranging from 0.76 to 0.95. Following evaluation of the performance of the RPM, a demonstration was also carried out to show the applicability of the RPM. The RPM can calculate NO<sub>x</sub> photochemical lifetimes inside the two plumes (Monticello and Welsh power plants). Further applicability and possible uses of the RPM are also discussed together with some limitations of the current version of the RPM.
Antibacterial activity of crude extracts from Santalum spictatum and Acacia ligulata (2014)

This study forms part of an investigation into various pharmacological activities of crude extracts from different tissues of two native Australian plant species; the hemi parasitic species Santalum spicatum (sandalwood) and its host Acacia ligulata. Both plants species are known to have been used in Australian traditional medicine. Seven different crude extracts of S. spicatum and A. ligulata were prepared using ethanol and DCM:MeOH as extraction solvents. The extracts were tested for various activities including antibacterial effects, wound healing and cytotoxicity in human cancer cell lines. In the antibacterial assays, extracts were screened for activity against six different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria related to human health. The broth micro-dilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of the plant extracts against the bacterial strains. Five of the crude extracts from S. spicatum and A. ligulata showed activity against one or more of the bacterial strains, most activity was observed against Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 250 µg/ml. Activity was also observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis (1000 µg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus species (250 to 1000 µg/ml) and the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1000 µg/ml). All of the active extracts were also found to have a bactericidal effect against S. aureus (500 to 1000 µg/ml) and S. pyogenes (500 to 1000 µg/ml).
Quick Formation of DSA Neutralization Polymer Layer Attached by Reactive Self-Assembled Monolayer (2012)

The Neutralization layer for Directed self-assembly (DSA) was quickly formed by using polystyrene-polymethylmethacrylate random copolymer (PS-r-PMMA) immobilized by two different kinds of reactive self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Two different kinds of reactive SAMs, one was photo-reactive and the other was thermal reactive, were covalently bound to PS-r-PMMA by the photo exposure or thermal annealing, respectively. The surface energy for the neutralization layer was easily controlled by the composition ratio of PS-r-PMMA. The lamellar-forming PS-PMMA block copolymer was perpendicularly aligned on the neutralization layers.
Die Bakteriengeißeln (Flagella) und das Geißelprotein Flagellin (1973)

Abstract Im Vergleich zu den relativ komplizierten Geißeln aller kernhaltigen Lebewesen besitzen die meisten aktiv beweglichen Bakterien sehr viel einfacher gebaute Bewegungsorganellen. Diese Flagella sind einseitig in der Zellmembran verankerte, lange, dünne Filamente mit schraubenförmiger Überstruktur. Während der Bewegung laufen an ihnen helicale Wellen in distaler Richtung entland. In den Flagella sind identische Bausteine nur einer einzigen Proteinspezies, des Flagellins, über nichtkovalente Bindungen miteinander verknüpft. Durch schonende Methoden können die Flagellinuntereinheiten voneinander getrennt und im isolierten Zustand biochemisch und struktur‐ sowie gestaltsmäßig untersucht werden. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen können sie in vitro zu polymorphen helicalen Filamenten reaggregieren, die sich von intakten Geißeln kaum unterscheiden lassen. Im Flagellum sind die gestreckten Flagellinmoleküle in ca. zehn parallelen Strängen geschichtet angeordnet, die wiederum zu einem Hohlzylinder zusammengefügt sind. Da dieser zu einer großen Schraube deformiert ist, sind die einzelnen chemisch identischen Flagellinprotomeren sowie auch die Protomerstränge in den helicalen Flagella nur noch quasiäquivalent. Vermutlich kann in vivo das Konformations‐ und Bindungsmuster der einzelnen longitudinalen Flagellinreihen von den Basalstrukturen aus gesteuert werden, so daß folgender Bewegungsablauf innerhalb des Flagellums denkbar ist: Eine zyklisch induzierte Längenänderung der einzelnen Stränge könnte eine scheinbare Rotation der Flagellumschraube bewirken. Nach hydrodynamischen Berechnungen reicht der resultierende Vorwärtsschub aus, um den Bakterien die beobachteten Geschwindigkeiten bis zu 50μm/s zu verleihen.
Local and Systemic Delivery of High-Molecular Weight Drugs by Powder Inhalation (2007)

The pulmonary route has recently attracted attention as a noninvasive administration route for peptide and protein drugs, and an insulin powder for inhalation was approved by authorities in Europe and the USA. The present study examined usefulness of insulin and gene powders for systemic and local inhalation therapy. We prepared several dry insulin powders by spray drying to examine the effect of additives on insulin absorption. Citric acid appears to be a safe and potent absorption enhancer for insulin in dry powder. However, in the powder with citric acid (MIC0.2 SD) insulin was unstable compared with the other powders examined. To improve insulin stability, a combination of insulin powder and citric acid powder was prepared (MIC Mix). MIC Mix showed hypoglycemic activity comparable to MIC0.2 SD while the insulin stability was much better than that of MIC SD. Next, dry insulin powders with mannitol were prepared with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCF); the powder thus prepared reduced blood glucose level rapidly and was more effective than that prepared by spray drying. Chitosan-pDNA complex powders as a pulmonary gene delivery system were also prepared with SCF and their in vivo activity was evaluated. The addition of chitosan suppressed the degradation of pCMV-Luc during preparation and increased the storage stability. The luciferase activity in mouse lung was evaluated after pulmonary administration of the powders. The chitosan-pDNA powder with an N/P ratio=5 increased the luciferase activity to 27 times that of the pCMV-Luc solution. These results suggest that gene powder with chitosan is a useful pulmonary gene delivery system.