gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association Between Change in BMD and Fragility Fracture in Women and Men (2008)

Our objective was to estimate the relationship between longitudinal change in BMD and fragility fractures. We studied 3635 women and 1417 men 50-85 yr of age in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study who had at least two BMD measurements (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and trochanter) within the first 5 yr of the study and fragility fractures (any, main, forearm/wrist, ribs, hip) within the first 7 yr. Multiple logistic regression was used to model the relationship between baseline BMD, BMD change, and fragility fractures. We found that, among nonusers of antiresorptives, independent of baseline BMD, a decrease of 0.01 g/cm(2)/yr in total hip BMD was associated with an increased risk of fragility fracture with ORs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01; 1.32) in women and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.78) in men. The risk of fragility fractures in subgroups such as fast losers and those with osteopenia was better estimated by models that included BMD change than by models that included baseline BMD but excluded BMD change. Although the association between baseline BMD and fragility fractures was similar in users and nonusers of antiresorptives, the association was stronger in nonusers compared with users. These results show that BMD change in both men and women is an independent risk factor for fragility fractures and also predicts fracture risk in those with osteopenia. The results suggest that BMD change should be included with other variables in a comprehensive fracture prediction model to capture its contribution to osteoporotic fracture risk.
4. Diagnostyka molekularna dziedzicznej predyspozycji do nowotworów (2003)

Predyspozycja do nowotworów wynika z uwarunkowań genetycznych jedno- i wielogenowych. Badania ostatnich lat dostarczyły danych, dzięki którym możliwa jest coraz bardziej efektywna diagnostyka nosicielstwa mutacji/polimorfizmów związanych z powyższą predyspozycją. Postęp w tym zakresie wynika z: a). identyfikacji coraz liczniejszej grupy genów związanych z predyspozycją do nowotworów, b). rozwoju technik molekularnych, c). występowania efektów „założyciela” w wielu populacjach w tym w Polsce. W prezentacji podsumowany zostanie na podstawie danych z piśmiennictwa i doświadczeń własnych aktualny stan wiedzy o testach DNA zastosowanych do diagnostyki genetycznych predyspozycji do nowotworów.
Effect of Suppressing Reoxidation at SiO<sub>2</sub>/SiC Interface during Post-Oxidation Annealing in N<sub>2</sub>O with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Capping Layer (2013)

In the present study, applying Al 2 O 3 capping layer as suppressing layer of oxygen diffusion to SiC-MOS structures, we investigated the effect of Al 2 O 3 layer as suppression of reoxidation at SiO 2 /SiC interface and decrease of Dit. We evaluated MOS capacitors which have SiO 2 /SiC and Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 /SiC structure on 4H-SiC (0001) Si-face epitaxial wafers after post-oxidation anneal process (N 2 O:N 2 =1:9 [slm]) at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1300 °C for 30min. The Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 /SiC structure of reoxidation thickness, surface roughness and Dit are smaller than those of SiO 2 /SiC structure. These results show that the suppression of reoxidation during POA is important to improve the SiO 2 /SiC interfacial qualities.
Differential modulation of cancer‐related genes by mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and the STING DNA sensing system (2022)

Activation of the Simulator of Interferon Genes (STING) system by mitochondrial (mt) DNA can upregulate type 1 interferon genes and enhance immune responses to combat bacterial and viral infections. In cancers, the tumor-derived DNA activates STING leading to upregulation of IFN-beta and induction of antitumor T cells. The entire mtDNA from the cell lines was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology with independent sequencing of both strands in both directions, allowing identification of low-frequency heteroplasmy SNPs. There were 15 heteroplasmy SNPs showing a range from 3.4% to 40.5% occurrence in the K cybrid cell lines. Three H haplogroup cybrids possessed SNP heteroplasmy that ranged from 4.39% to 30.7%. The present study used qRT-PCR to determine if cybrids of H and K haplogroups differentially regulate expression levels of five cancer genes (<i>BRAC1</i>, <i>ALK</i>, <i>PD1, EGFR</i>, and <i>HER2</i>) and seven STING subunits genes (<i>CGAS</i>, <i>TBK1</i>, <i>IRF3</i>, <i>IκBa</i>, <i>NFκB</i>, <i>TRAF2</i>, and <i>TNFRSF19</i>). Some cybrids underwent siRNA knockdown of STING followed by qRT-PCR in order to determine the impact of STING on gene expression. Rho<i>0</i> (lacking mtDNA) ARPE-19 cells were used to determine if mtDNA is required for the expression of the cancer genes studied. Our results showed that (a) K cybrids have lower expression levels for <i>BRAC1</i>, <i>ALK</i>, <i>PD1, EGFR, IRF3</i>, and <i>TNFRSF19</i> genes but increased transcription for <i>IκBa</i> and <i>NFκB</i> compared to H cybrids; (b) STING KD decreases expression of <i>EGFR</i> in both H and K cybrids, and (c) <i>PD1</i> expression is negligible in Rho<i>0</i> cells. Our findings suggest that the STING DNA sensing pathway may be a previously unrecognized pathway to target modulation of cancer-related genes and the <i>PD1</i> expression requires the presence of mtDNA.
Chlamydia pneumoniaeimmunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma (2002)

Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae can trigger acute asthma and is associated with severe chronic asthma. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between airway inflammation and serological response to C. pneumoniae in acute severe asthma. Subjects (n=54) were recruited within 4 h of presentation to the emergency department with an acute exacerbation of asthma. Clinical history taking, sputum induction (0.9% saline), spirometry and acute and convalescent serology for C. pneumoniae immunoglobulins A and G were performed. At presentation, 47% of subjects had antibodies directed against C. pneumoniae, and 38% (20) demonstrated an increase in C. pneumoniae antibody levels, with 15 demonstrating a rise in immunoglobulin A concentration. C. pneumoniae responders exhibited significantly higher sputum neutrophil levels (4.6 x 10(6) cells x mL(-1)) compared to nonresponders (1.2 x 10(6) cells x mL(-1), p=0.02) and elevated sputum eosinophil cationic protein concentration (3,981 versus 1,122 ng x mL(-1), p=0.02). An acute antibody response to Chlamydia pneumoniae is common in exacerbations of asthma. The serological features suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae reactivation may trigger neutrophilic airway inflammation in acute asthma.
Hebbian feature discovery improves classifier efficiency (1990)

Two neural network implementations of principal component analysis (PCA) are used to reduce the dimension of speech signals. The compressed signals are then used to train a feedforward classification network for vowel recognition. A comparison is made of classification performance, network size, and training time for networks trained with both compressed and uncompressed data. Results show that a significant reduction in training time, fivefold in the present case, can be achieved without a sacrifice in classifier accuracy. This reduction includes the time required to train the compression network. Thus, dimension reduction, as performed by unsupervised neural networks, is a viable tool for enhancing the efficiency of neural classifiers
Dynamic Light Scattering of Diabetic Vitreopathy (1999)

DLS can detect and quantify the early molecular effects that cause vitreous collagen fibrils to cross-link and aggregate. This could provide valuable insight into ocular and systemic effects of hyperglycemia, because the molecular changes in diabetic vitreopathy could serve as an index of such effects throughout the body. In addition to the diagnostic implications, this methodology could provide a rapid, reproducible way to monitor the response to therapy with novel agents intended to prevent the complications of diabetes on a molecular level.
[Hospital perspective on nursing staff role and function in infection control]. (2011)

Medical treatment-related infections may increase mortality rates and worsen patient conditions while raising medical costs and reducing quality of treatment. Hospitals must shield patients as well as their families, visitors, and hospital staff from infection. Therefore, an important mission of hospital medical staffs is infection prevention. Nurses have the most frequent and extensive contact with patients and their families. Their work also requires frequent contact with fellow medical staffs. Nurses thus face a particularly high risk of infection. This paper identifies those individuals in hospital settings who face the highest risk of medical care-related infections and describes existing infection control and monitoring practices as well as medical care-related infection prevention and control measures in order to identify the infection control role and function of nurses.
The Advantages of Conditioning an Orebody With A Chloride Solution Before in Situ Uranium Leaching with A Carbonate Solution (1980)

ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments conducted by the University of Texas at Austin as part of a research contract funded by the U.S. Bureau of Mines indicate that conditioning an orebody with a chloride solution prior to carbonate leaching offers two advantages. First, the permeability loss occurring upon the injection of the carbonate solution is reduced. This effect is tentatively attributed to a reduction in precipitation of calcium carbonate. Calcium chloride is soluble, so calcium can be flushed out of the orebody. Second, the great difficulty of complying with current regulations concerning restoration of groundwater quality after leaching with ammonium carbonate may be avoided because the substitution of potassium carbonate for ammonium carbonate may be made economically feasible. Flushing the orebody with potassium chloride before leaching satisfies cation exchange sites with potassium from relatively cheap potassium chloride, thereby reducing the consumption of the more expensive potassium carbonate. Field tests are planned.
Road Network Evolution in the Urban and Rural United States Since 1900 (2021)

Abstract We examine a key component of human settlements mediating pollution and congestion, as well as economic development: roads and their expansion in cities, towns, and villages. Our analysis of road networks in more than 850 US cities and rural counties since 1900 reveals significant variations in the structure of roads both within cities and across the conterminous US. Despite differences in the evolution of these networks, there are commonalities: newer roads tend to become less grid-like. These results persist across the rural-urban continuum and are therefore not just a product of urban growth. These findings illuminate the need for policies for urban and rural planning including the critical assessment of new development trends.
Pollen Tube Growth and Fruit Set in Apple (2017)

Pollination is an essential prerequisite for the production of many fruit and seed crops, including apple. In apple, successful fertilization requires pollen transfer to the stigma, pollen germination, and successful pollen tube growth resulting in fruit set. Precise selection of the most effective pollinizers for commercial orchards is not possible however, until these processes are more fully understood. The present study was undertaken to compare pollinizers in terms of pollen tube growth and fruit set. On trees of ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Gala’ from which bees were excluded, flowers were hand-pollinated using pollen collected from crabapple (‘Ralph Shay’ or Malus floribunda ), ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. Flowers were harvested at one, two, three, and four days after pollination (DAP). Pollen source had a significant influence on pollen germination on the stigmatic surface, number of pollen tubes penetrating the stigma, distance of pollen tube growth down the style, and pollen tubes reaching the base of the style. In ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen grew the fastest, followed by ‘Delicious’ and crabapple. Neither ‘Ralph Shay’ nor Malus floribunda were effective pollinizers for ‘Honeycrisp’ and resulted in low fruit set suggesting incompatibility may be involved. However, both these crabapples were effective pollinizers for ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’. These results indicate that pollen source can have a tremendous impact on pollen tube growth and fruit set. The physiological basis for these effects is not clear, but implications for pollinizer selection are obvious.
ChemInform Abstract: V‐TRIAZOLINES. PART XXI. SPIRO(BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPT‐2‐ENE(5.4′)1′,2′,3′‐TRIAZOLE) DERIVATIVES FROM CYCLOPENTADIENE AND 5‐AMINO‐4‐METHYLENE‐V‐TRIAZOLINES (1985)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen (II) kann auf drei Wegen ausgehend von (I), (III) bzw. (IV) erfolgen.
Manipulating and preparing additional variables (2012)

Introducing the hydrodynamic equations (Madelung [416]) associated with the evolution of the wave function, and using them to guide the evolution of the additional variables (positions of particles), is a natural idea. In the dynamics of fluids, hydrodynamic equations can be obtained by taking averages of microscopic quantities over positions and velocities of point-like particles; for instance, the Navier-Stokes macroscopic equations can be derived from the Boltzmann transport equation by appropriate microscopic averages (Chapman-Enskog method); conversely, the hydrodynamic variables will influence the motion of individual particles. Moreover, there is some analogy between the guiding term and the force term in a Landau type kinetic equation, where each particle is subject to an average force proportional to the gradient of the density of the others. Nevertheless, here we are dealing with a single particle, so that the guiding term cannot be associated with interactions between particles. Moreover, we also know from the beginning that rather unusual properties must be contained in the guiding equations, at least if we wish to exactly reproduce the predictions of usual quantum mechanics: the Bell theorem states that the additional variables have to evolve non-locally in ordinary three-dimensional space (they evolve locally only in the configuration space of the system, exactly as for the state vector). In other words, in real space the additional variables must be able to influence each other at an arbitrary distance. Indeed, in the Bohmian equation of motion of the additional variables, the velocity of a particle contains an explicit dependence on its own position, as expected, but also a dependence on the positions of all the other particles (assuming that the particles are entangled).
Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (2013)

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material fabrication techniques are able to mimic the complexity of these structures while maintaining scalability. The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is able to do so. This process uses sacrificial fibers as a template to form hollow, cylindrical microchannels embedded within a matrix. Tin (II) oxalate (SnOx) is embedded within poly(lactic) acid (PLA) fibers which facilitates the use of this process. The SnOx catalyzes the depolymerization of the PLA fibers at lower temperatures. The lactic acid monomers are gaseous at these temperatures and can be removed from the embedded matrix at temperatures that do not damage the matrix. Here we show a method for aligning these fibers using micromachined plates and a tensioning device to create complex patterns of three-dimensionally arrayed microchannels. The process allows the exploration of virtually any arrangement of fiber topologies and structures.
Joint Radar and Communication Receiver Processing Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning (2023)

In this paper, we consider a system with a dual-function receiver receiving radar echoes from targets and uplink communication signals using one single antenna, which means that spatial-based methods are not applicable. To address this setting, we model the communication signal and noise as interference whose distribution is described by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Based on this model, we derive a joint radar and communication signal processing (JRCSP) algorithm using sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) to estimate the radar target parameters and decode the communication signal. Extensive simulations demonstrate the algorithm’s performance, showing that it performs well in the sense of radar target and is robust when the communication signal power increases. Furthermore, the communication bit error rate (BER) performance approaches the theoretical limit under an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Attention guiding techniques using peripheral vision and eye tracking for feedback in augmented-reality-based assistance systems (2017)

A limiting factor of current smart glasses-based augmented reality (AR) systems is their small field of view. AR assistance systems designed for tasks such as order picking or manual assembly are supposed to guide the visual attention of the user towards the item that is relevant next. This is a challenging task, as the user may initially be in an arbitrary position and orientation relative to the target. As a result of the small field of view, in most cases the target will initially not be covered by the AR display, even if it is visible to the user. This raises the question of how to design attention guiding for such “off-screen gaze” conditions.
Diamond synthesis by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using graphite as the carbon source (1991)

We report on the growth of high-quality diamond using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system in which the feed gas contains no hydrocarbons, but instead the source of carbon is a graphite piece which resides within the plasma volume. Results of experiments using this technique by itself and in combination with the normal methane feed gas method are described. The samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Diamond grown in this way was found to be particularly pure and of high crystallinity.
Polarisation pulling in Brillouin optical time-domain analysers (2017)

The impact of Brillouin scattering on the polarisation of pump and probe in a Brillouin optical-time domain analyser is investigated. Experimental results indicate that the Brillouin interaction integrated along the entire sensing fibre produces a polarisation pulling force that changes the pump polarisation. Although this force can be compensated to first order by dual-sideband probes, the Brillouin gain/loss experienced by probe bands induce a net pulling that leads to uncompensated polarisation fading and reduced signal-to-noise ratio. While the use of two simultaneous orthogonally-polarised probes alleviates fading issues, spectral distortions originate from the coupling between Brillouin gain and polarisation pulling.
Factor V Leiden, Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Thrombosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1996)

Thromboembolic complications are frequently observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Significant associations have been reported between these complications and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, notably the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. Factor V Leiden is a genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. We studied these factors in 173 patients with SLE in relation to both arterial and venous thrombosis. The frequency of factor V Leiden in SLE patients in comparable to that in the Dutch population (5%) and a risk factor for venous thrombosis (odds ratio 4.9; CI 1.2-19.6), but not for arterial thrombosis. The lupus anticoagulant is a risk factor for both arterial thrombosis (odds ratio 7.1: CI 2.9-17.4) and venous thrombosis (odds ratio 6.4; CI 2.7-15.4). From multivariate analysis, both the lupus anticoagulant and factor V Leiden appeared independent risk factors for venous thrombosis.
Ten Years of Operating Experience with a Remote Controlled Water Heater Load Management System at Detroit Edison (1980)

Detroit Edison has accumulated 10 years' operating experience with a large-scale radio controlled electric water heater Load Management system. The limitations of the actual operating environment, both past and present, have greatly influenced Load Management strategies. Important lessons concerning cost effectiveness have been learned and must be applied to future. undertakings.
Going on a journey with a geologist (2011)

Dr Noel Schleiger will be visiting our school every Wednesday afternoon to teach us about the geology that makes up the area around our school and local environment. He will teach us about the different rocks that make up the ground on which we walk. Noel will teach us about how the layers of the earth were formed many, many years ago. He will also teach us how to make models and record information, just like geologists do.
Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) induces DNA damage and sensitizes transformed cells to anticancer agents (2010)

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is structurally and functionally unique among the 11 human zinc-dependent histone deacetylases. Here we show that chemical inhibition with the HDAC6-selective inhibitor tubacin significantly enhances cell death induced by the topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide and doxorubicin and the pan-HDAC inhibitor SAHA (vorinostat) in transformed cells (LNCaP, MCF-7), an effect not observed in normal cells (human foreskin fibroblast cells). The inactive analogue of tubacin, nil-tubacin, does not sensitize transformed cells to these anticancer agents. Further, we show that down-regulation of HDAC6 expression by shRNA in LNCaP cells enhances cell death induced by etoposide, doxorubicin, and SAHA. Tubacin in combination with SAHA or etoposide is more potent than either drug alone in activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in transformed cells, as evidenced by an increase in PARP cleavage and partial inhibition of this effect by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. HDAC6 inhibition with tubacin induces the accumulation of γH2AX, an early marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Tubacin enhances DNA damage induced by etoposide or SAHA as indicated by increased accumulation of γH2AX and activation of the checkpoint kinase Chk2. Tubacin induces the expression of DDIT3 (CHOP/GADD153), a transcription factor up-regulated in response to cellular stress. DDIT3 induction is further increased when tubacin is combined with SAHA. These findings point to mechanisms by which HDAC6-selective inhibition can enhance the efficacy of certain anti-cancer agents in transformed cells.
State of arts in ultra wideband (UWB) wireless technology and global harmonization (2004)

As a center of mobile multimedia of the 21st century, it is very much looking forward to explosion of RD Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) wireless communications based on impulse radio. I hope that this invited talk will stimulate much active discussion on UWB and its related issues to carry out the core technologies with System on a Chip (SoC). In this paper, we propose a Soft-Spectrum (SS) UWB transferring scheme with free-verse and geometric pulse waveform adaptation and shaping [5] [6], which is suitable for co-existence, interference avoidance, matching with regulatory spectral mask including FCC Spectrum Mask, and high data rate. In Section 2, this Soft-Spectrum Adaptation proposal will he described in detail. Different kinds of multi-hands pulse waveforms with various shapes, envelopes, as well as spectral features are investigated. BER (hit-error-rate) performance simulations corresponding to these pulse waveforms are also carried out in Section 3, under AWGN environment. Conclusions are given in the last Section.