gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival and long-term toxicities of biochemotherapy for metastatic melanoma (2007)

8553 Purpose: Because long-term survival after therapy for advanced stage IV melanoma is rare, we thought it would be useful to examine our series of survivors treated with biochemotherapy for melanoma to analyze the characteristics of survivors and their chronic toxicities. Patients and Methods: We reviewed our previously reported (J Clin Oncol. 2005:23:16s suppl, abstract 7547) consecutive series of 38 patients treated between 9/02 and 7/04. They received 6 cycles of inpatient temozolomide, cisplatin, vinblastine, decrescendo high- dose iv IL-2 , and interferon followed by maintenance immunotherapy using IL-2 and sargramostim using the O’Day regimen (Clinical Cancer Res. 2002:8:2775).Two of the ten long-term survivors received surgery for resection of residual disease after achieving a partial response with biochemotherapy. Maintenance immunotherapy was given for 6 to 24 months after biochemotherapy. Results: The median progression- free survival was 7.3 months. No patient developed progression later than 17 months after the start of therapy with the progression-free survival curve level at 24%. Median overall survival was 16.2 months. 10 of the 38 patients are alive and disease-free off therapy after an average of 3.3 years follow-up. Durable complete responses were seen in visceral sites including lung, bone, and pericardium, with 8 of 10 long- term survivors having M1B or M1C disease. 3 patients have significant lymphedema related to prior surgery, radiation therapy, or both. 2 patients, one with pre-existing diabetes, have significant persisting neuropathy. 5 of the 10 patients are hypothyroid. Menstrual function returned in the three women under age 45 in this study. Conclusion: This series supports the findings from other series that biochemotherapy, like high-dose IL-2, can give prolonged disease-free survival. Survivors have a high incidence of hypothyroidism but neuropathy and lymphedema, which affected a minority of patients, were the most bothersome long-term toxicities. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Análise do speckle em imagens de emissão acústica estimulada por ultrassom (2013)

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 In this work, a new theoretical perspective is presented to study the phenomenon of speckle in vibro-acoustography (VA). The vibro-acoustography is an imaging method based on Ultrasound-Stimulated Acoustic Emission ( USAE). This imaging method is based  on  the  acoustic  field  emitted  from  scatterers inside an object due to a highly  focused  oscillating  radiation force. A hydrophone is used to measure the acoustic waves.  The acoustic filed measured by the hydrophone is dependent on the resolution and the cell volume of the ultrasound beam. The resolution cell also defines the point-spread function (PSF) of the system. The acoustic field emanating from the scatteres can interfere constructively or destructively. Thus, the number and distribution of the scatterers influence image formation and texture. Constructive and destructive interference were simulated based on the field scattered by point-scatterers that are randomly distributed over specific spatial locations. To study the statistical distribution of the image, we calculated the first-order statistical distribution of the gray levels of the image. A set of USAE images obtained from tridimensional scattering medium were simulated for scatterer densities ranging from 1 and 80 scatterer/mm 3 . Statistical properties of the images produced from the magnitude and phase of the acoustic emission field were analyzed. Statistically, the data were fitted using gaussian and lognormal curves. It was observed that depending on the scatterer densities , texture, and statistical distribution of the image are changed. Therefore, this research aimed to study the image formation in vibro-acoustography systems when coherent radiation is multiply scattered by a random medium.
A Phase-Segregated Model for Plant Cell Culture: The Effect of Cell Volume Fraction. (1998)

Plant cells are characterized by low water content, so the fraction of cell volume (volume fraction) in a vessel is large compared with other cell systems, even if the cell concentrations are the same. Therefore, concentration of plant cells should preferably be expressed by the liquid volume basis rather than by the total vessel volume basis. In this paper, a new model is proposed to analyze behavior of a plant cell culture by dividing the cell suspension into the biotic- and abiotic-phases. Using this model, we analyzed the cell-growth and the alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus. Large errors in the simulated results were observed if the phase-segregation was not considered.
Three-Dimensional VCSEL Simulation Using Vector Finite Elements (2007)

The polarization-resolved optical modes of three-dimensional vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are calculated. The Helmholtz-equation is discretized on prism elements, and the resulting eigenproblem is solved by an efficient numerical technique. The full vectorial treatment enables one to determine the polarization characteristics of these lasers.
Automatic Antenna Tuning Unit to Improve RFID System Performance (2011)

Systems for radio-frequency identification (RFID) realize a bidirectional wireless communication between a reader device and cheap passive tags (e.g., an RFID chip with an antenna printed on badges for access-control systems) in the near field of an antenna. This paper deals with the automatic and fast tuning of the resonant reader antennas in the widely used 13.56-MHz frequency band, resulting in a performance improvement and an increased read/write range. A novel RFID reader system is proposed with a tuning transformer for the automatic adjustment of the resonant circuit center frequency. This is achieved by shifting the magnetic operating point (i.e., the biasing direct-current (dc) magnetization) of a Ni-Zn ferrite transformer by means of an additional dc winding. The operation principle and the performance potential of this device are demonstrated by measurements on a prototypical RFID system.
The Ross full root replacement in adults with bicuspid aortic valve disease. (2011)

Mid-term results indicate that Ross AVR in adults with BAVD had good outcomes, with a low incidence of autograft-related complications. In almost half of the patients undergoing reoperation, the autograft valve was preserved. The incidence of autograft valve insufficiency and dilatation might be further reduced by: (i) aggressively treating any postoperative systemic hypertension; (ii) externally fortifying the annulus and sinotubular junction of the autograft with Dacron strips; and/or (iii) replacing a dilated ascending aorta with a Dacron interposition graft. The preoperative diagnosis of BAVD and/or aneurysmal ascending aorta is not predictive of late autograft dilatation or failure.
Facile One-Step Template-Free Synthesis of Uniform Hollow Microstructures of Cryptomelane-Type Manganese Oxide K-OMS-2 (2010)

Hollow microstructures of cryptomelane-type manganese oxide were produced in a template-free one-step process based on the fine-tuning of the oxidation rate of manganese species during the synthesis. The tuning of the reaction rate brought about by a mixture of the oxidants oxone and potassium nitrate becomes apparent from the gradual physical changes taking place in the reaction medium at early times of the synthesis. The successful synthesis of the hollow uniform structures could be performed in the ranges 120-160 degrees C and 8.2-10.7 for temperature and mass ratio oxone/potassium nitrate, respectively. Independent of the conditions of the synthesis, all of the complex microstructures showed the same pattern for the array of very long nanofibers in which some of these elongated around the surface confining the cavity and the other fibers grew normal to the surface created by the previous arrangement. A mechanism based on the heterogeneous nucleation of the cryptomelane phase on the surface of an amorphous precursor and the growth of the nanoscale fibers by processes such as dissolution-crystallization and lateral attachment of primary nanocrystalline fibers is proposed to explain the formation of the hollow structures.
On topology creation for an indoor wireless grid (2008)

Most space constrained indoor wireless testbeds have majority of the nodes under a single collision domain. Emulation of multi-hop topologies on such testbeds is usually achieved either through the use of additional hardware like external noise injection or software techniques such as MAC frame filtering. We show that while these two techniques are able to create simple scenarios, creating large-scale, realistic topologies remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose and implement a Bursty PER filtering mechanism, which can filter packets on a link according to preset PER in the software domain. We first show that this new method can provide a better support for fine-grained link PER and localized link control. Further, we show that it is possible to create large scale topologies (of the order of 100nodes). We substantiate our claims by empirical evaluation on the ORBIT indoor wireless testbed.
Excision of Cortical Dysplasia in the Language Area with Use of a Surgical Navigator: A Case Report (1998)

The localization of a lesion and its correlation with epileptogenic foci is important in optimizing treatment in patients with cortical dysplasia. Our navigational system provided accurate localization of the lesion and correlation with the epileptogenic focus and related eloquent cortex. We believe that the safe removal of the lesion was facilitated by this system.
Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters, Cyclic Carbonates, and Epoxides (2013)

In recent years, along with growing concern about green chemistry, organocatalysis have been developed as novel catalytic systems due to its metal free nature. Because of their low toxicity and high chemical stability, organocatalysts have increasingly replaced metal catalyzed organic reactions. In particular, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters, cyclic carbonates, and epoxides proceeded in a controlled/living fashion with organocatalysts. Previously, Hedrick and Waymouth mainly reported various basic or nucleophilic catalysts for ROP of lactide, lactones and trimethylene carbonate. In addition, we newly revealed organic super bases are suitable catalysts for ROP of epoxides. On the other hand, we and some other researchers investigated Brønsted acid catalysts to produce polyester or polycarbonate. In this review, we introduce our and their challenges for ROP using organocatalysts.
Doping - dependent anisotropy of the superconducting gap in underdoped pnictide superconductors (2012)

The in-plane London penetration depth, ∆λ(T ), was studied in single crystals of Ba1−xKxFe2As2 (“Ba122”) and Ca10(Pt3As8)[(Fe1−xPtx)2As2]5 (“10-3-8”). Whereas in Ba122 magnetism and superconductivity coexist in the underdoped regime, the 10-3-8 compound exhibits a clear separation of two order parameters. By comparing the results obtained in these two systems, we could study general features of the superconducting gap structure as function of doping in the underdoped regime. Similar to all other pnictides, the low-temperature variation of London penetration depth exhibits a power-law behavior, ∆λ(T ) = ATn, in both systems. Moving towards the underdoped edge of the superconducting dome, the exponent n decreases well below scattering limited value of n = 2 and, at the same time, the pre-factor A increases. Both trends indicate an increasing anisotropy of the superconducting gap in more underdoped compounds. These and previous results suggest that the development of the superconducting gap anisotropy towards the underdoped edge of the superconducting dome is an intrinsic property of iron pnictides, similar to the known tendency on the overdoped side where magnetism and superconductivity do not interfere.
680. Trisulphides and tetrasulphides from Bunte salts (1963)

B. Milligan, B. Saville and J. M. Swan, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3608 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003608
Pure Flavonolignans from Extracts of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Against Models of Human Prostate Cancer (2008)

Milk thistle extracts have been used since antiquity for gastrointestinal ailments and in hepatoprotection against natural and pharmaceutical toxicants. Over the last ten years, the milk thistle extracts silymarin and silibinin have been recognized for significant cancer chemopreventive and anticancer activities in several animal models of human epithelial malignancies. Our research team has been interested in answering the question of whether pure compounds from milk thistle extracts possess unique or more potent anticancer effects than the mixtures commonly used in the literature. As a result, we have been isolating pure silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, and isosilybin B for in vitro experiments in human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Cumulative results point to isosilybin B as the most potent and effective inhibitor of PSA suppression and trigger of androgen receptor degradation in androgen-dependent cells, and inhibitor of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cell growth. To investigate the relative in vivo efficacy of these compounds in human tumor xenograft models of prostate cancer, a large-scale preparative scheme using a hybrid chromatographic/precipitative method was implemented to provide gram quantities of each pure diastereoisomer; in vivo studies with these compounds are ongoing. Taken together, isosilybin B, which is present in silymarin but absent from silibinin, may represent a unique opportunity for further development of anticancer strategies using milk thistle. Acknowledgement: These studies were supported by NIH grant R01 CA104286 to DJK and RA.
Influence Factors of Particle Diameter of Fly Ash during Pulverized Coal Combustion (2016)

In order to expand the application of coal ash from coal-fired power plants, both controlling the ash characteristics and supplying coal ash, meeting the requirements for the specified application, are required. Since fly ash diameter particularly affects ash properties, influence factor of ash diameter distribution are investigated by performing CCSEM measurement and a detailed ash formation model for coal ash from both a pulverized coal combustion test furnace and actual coal-fired power plants. Results show that ash diameter is strongly affected by pulverized coal diameter and ash content. CCSEM measurement shows that the effect of coalescence of included mineral is larger than that of fragmentation of excluded mineral. Model calculation shows that the coalescence parameter varied depending on coal type. However, the coalescence parameter for all coal type tends to approach 1.0 by taking into account the generation of clinker ash. This result indicates that almost all include mineral in a single coal particle tend to become single ash particle as well as coal ash generated in actual coal-fired power plants.
Sensing System Development for HOV/HOT (High Occupancy Vehicle) Lane Monitoring (2011)

With continued interest in the efficient use of roadways, the ability to monitor the use of High Occupancy Vehicle/High Occupancy Toll (HOV/HOT) lanes is essential for management, planning and operation. A system to reliably monitor these lanes on a continuous basis and provide usage statistics would be very helpful in supporting management operations and decision making. In this study the authors evaluated the potential of an imaging system that would be installed on the median wall of HOV/HOT lanes to acquire data on the vehicles using the lanes and the occupancy of these vehicles. A lab prototype consisting of an IR illuminator, a camera, vehicle trigger, a computer and software to control the system was integrated and evaluated. Data were taken at Georgia Tech Research Institute facilities, sites on the Georgia Tech campus and also on Interstate 85. The images taken were then analyzed for their ability to provide the information needed on the usage of the lanes. The results indicate that it would be possible to build a system that would be able to provide the data needed to support the operation of HOV/HOT lanes.
Four New Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from Ancistrocladus tectorius (2000)

Four new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, ancistrotectoriline A (1), ancistrotectoriline B (2), 6-O-methyl-4'-O-demethylancistrocladine (3), and 6-O-methyl-4'-O-demethylhamatine (4), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Ancistrocladus tectorius, collected from Hainan Province, Southern China. Their structures were elucidated using MS and NMR methods.
Towards fraud-proof ID documents using multiple data hiding technologies and biometrics (2004)

Identity documents, such as ID cards, passports, and driver's licenses, contain textual information, a portrait of the legitimate holder, and eventually some other biometric characteristics such as a fingerprint or handwritten signature. As prices for digital imaging technologies fall, making them more widely available, we have seen an exponential increase in the ease and the number of counterfeiters that can effectively forge documents. Today, with only limited knowledge of technology and a small amount of money, a counterfeiter can effortlessly replace a photo or modify identity information on a legitimate document to the extent that it is very diffcult to differentiate from the original. This paper proposes a virtually fraud-proof ID document based on a combination of three different data hiding technologies: digital watermarking, 2-D bar codes, and Copy Detection Pattern, plus additional biometric protection. As will be shown, that combination of data hiding technologies protects the document against any forgery, in principle without any requirement for other security features. To prevent a genuine document to be used by an illegitimate user,biometric information is also covertly stored in the ID document, to be used for identification at the detector.
Glide Symmetry Applied to the Design of Common-Mode Rejection Filters Based on Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (2023)

In this brief, glide symmetry is applied to design common-mode rejection filters based on defected ground structures with bandstop response. To this aim, complementary split-ring resonators are chosen as the basic components for common-mode rejection. To illustrate the advantages of using glide symmetry, three implementations are studied and compared. The results reveal that glide symmetry offers the best performance in terms of common-mode rejection level and fractional bandwidth. Furthermore, glide symmetry barely affects the integrity of the differential mode. A prototype of each of the considered symmetries has been designed, simulated, and tested for practical validation. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results, experimentally demonstrating the advantages of glide symmetry.
Origins and implications of increased channel hot carrier variability in nFinFETs (2015)

Channel hot carrier (CHC) stress is observed to result in higher variability of degradation in deeply-scaled nFinFETs than bias temperature instability (BTI) stress. Potential sources of this increased variation are discussed and the intrinsic time-dependent variability component is extracted using a novel methodology based on matched pairs. It is concluded that in deeply-scaled devices, CHC-induced time-dependent distributions will be bimodal, pertaining to bulk charging and to interface defect generation, respectively. The latter, high-impact mode will control circuit failure fractions at high percentiles.
Minimax Optimality of Shiryaev-Roberts Procedure for Quickest Drift\n Change Detection of a Brownian motion (2016)

The problem of detecting a change in the drift of a Brownian motion is\nconsidered. The change point is assumed to have a modified exponential prior\ndistribution with unknown parameters. A worst-case analysis with respect to\nthese parameters is adopted leading to a min-max problem formulation.\nAnalytical and numerical justifications are provided towards establishing that\nthe Shiryaev-Roberts procedure with a specially designed starting point is\nexactly optimal for the proposed mathematical setup.\n
CHALLENGES WITH THE COUPLING OF FLUIDIZED BEDS FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING COMBUSTION (2010)

In the present work the system of interconnected fluidized bed reactors of a Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) process is simulated in pilot plant scale and 100 MWth scale. Attrition models, derived from small scale laboratory experiments, are employed to predict the behavior of a large scale CLC process in terms of attrition and oxygen carrier (OC) losses. Realistic circulation mass flows of OC are calculated and the sources of the losses are further investigated. Different arrangements of cyclones are evaluated for their potential to improve the solids recovery. For example the introduction of a second-stage cyclone separation for the air reactor reduces the OC losses significantly.
Hybrid integration approach of VCSELs for miniaturized optical deflection of microparticles (2012)

In recent years, optical manipulation has gained increasing interest, especially in combination with microfluidics. This combination offers promising tools for a fast and cost-effective sample analysis and manipulation. The contamination-free handling of micrometer-sized particles without any mechanical contact is an attractive tool for biology and medicine. VCSELs (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers) are an excellent choice for the trapping lasers, offering the opportunity of parallel particle manipulation by using two-dimensional VCSEL arrays, and of miniaturization by means of integration. In this paper, we present two novel concepts for the realization of the so-called integrated optical trap, resembling a strongly miniaturized version of the typically bulky setup of an optical trap. For this purpose, AlGaAs-GaAs-based VCSEL arrays with a very small device pitch were fabricated. We show the realization of integration-ready particle manipulation devices, both with top-emitting and with bottom-emitting densely packed VCSEL arrays. The smallest pitch of 18 &mu;m is achieved with bottom-emitting VCSEL arrays, having mesa diameters of only 16 &mu;m.
Hertzian contact transducers for nondestructive evaluation (1996)

Hertzian, dry, pointlike contacts are used to couple ultrasonic energy efficiently to plate wave modes in anisotropic solid plates. A new transducer configuration using a piezoelectric PZT-5H transducer and a quartz buffer rod is realized for this purpose. In particular, the lowest order antisymmetric Lamb wave (A0) mode is excited and detected in anisotropic plates at a frequency of 200 kHz and with signal-to-noise levels exceeding 65 dB. Time delay measurements and FFT techniques are used to obtain dispersion and anisotropy curves of phase velocity in anisotropic plates. The accuracy of the method is limited mainly by the distance measurements. In (001) silicon plates the agreement between theory and experiments is obtained with an accuracy of ±0.08%. Anisotropic phase velocity measurements are also performed for uniaxial graphite/epoxy composite plates and the results are compared with the theoretical model to derive the elastic constants of the composite. Through accurate phase velocity measurements, it is possible to detect delamination defects in composite plates with high resolution operating at 200 kHz. Using the surface impedance approach, a model is also developed to predict the effects of delaminations on phase velocity and the results are verified by experiments.