gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Induced by TNF-α Requires NF-κB–Mediated Transcriptional Upregulation of Twist1 (2012)

Proinflammatory cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment facilitate tumor development and metastatic progression. In particular, TNF-α promotes cancer invasion and angiogenesis associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, the mechanisms underlying its induction of EMT in cancer cells remain unclear. Here we show that EMT and cancer stemness properties induced by chronic treatment with TNF-α are mediated by the upregulation of the transcriptional repressor Twist1. Exposure to TNF-α rapidly induced Twist1 mRNA and protein expression in normal breast epithelial and breast cancer cells. Both IKK-β and NF-κB p65 were required for TNF-α-induced expression of Twist1, suggesting the involvement of canonical NF-κB signaling. In support of this likelihood, we defined a functional NF-κB-binding site in the Twist1 promoter, and overexpression of p65 was sufficient to induce transcriptional upregulation of Twist1 along with EMT in mammary epithelial cells. Conversely, suppressing Twist1 expression abrogated p65-induced cell migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness properties, establishing that Twist1 is required for NF-κB to induce these aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results establish a signaling axis through which the tumor microenvironment elicits Twist1 expression to promote cancer metastasis. We suggest that targeting NF-κB-mediated Twist1 upregulation may offer an effective a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
SemiCCA: Efficient Semi-supervised Learning of Canonical Correlations (2013)

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a powerful tool for analyzing multi-dimensional paired data. However, CCA tends to perform poorly when the number of paired samples is limited, which is often the case in practice. To cope with this problem, we propose a semi-supervised variant of CCA named SemiCCA that allows us to incorporate additional unpaired samples for mitigating overfitting. Advantages of the proposed method over previously proposed methods are its computational efficiency and intuitive operationality: it smoothly bridges the generalized eigenvalue problems of CCA and principal component analysis (PCA), and thus its solution can be computed efficiently just by solving a single eigenvalue problem as the original CCA.
Central Challenges Facing the National Clinical Research Enterprise (2003)

Medical scientists and public health policy makers are increasingly concerned that the scientific discoveries of the past generation are failing to be translated efficiently into tangible human benefit. This concern has generated several initiatives, including the Clinical Research Roundtable at the Institute of Medicine, which first convened in June 2000. Representatives from a diverse group of stakeholders in the nation's clinical research enterprise have collaborated to address the issues it faces. The context of clinical research is increasingly encumbered by high costs, slow results, lack of funding, regulatory burdens, fragmented infrastructure, incompatible databases, and a shortage of qualified investigators and willing participants. These factors have contributed to 2 major obstacles, or translational blocks: impeding the translation of basic science discoveries into clinical studies and of clinical studies into medical practice and health decision making in systems of care. Considering data from across the entire health care system, it has become clear that these 2 translational blocks can be removed only by the collaborative efforts of multiple system stakeholders. The goal of this article is to articulate the 4 central challenges facing clinical research at present--public participation, information systems, workforce training, and funding; to make recommendations about how they might be addressed by particular stakeholders; and to invite a broader, participatory dialogue with a view to improving the overall performance of the US clinical research enterprise.
Predicting the risk of accidents for downhill skiers (2017)

In recent years, the need for insurance coverage for downhill skiers is becoming increasingly important. The goal of this thesis work is to enable the development of innovative insurance services for skiers. Specifically, this project addresses the problem of estimating the probability for a skier to suffer injuries while skiing.This problem is addressed by developing and evaluating a number of machinelearning models. The models are trained on data that is commonly available to skiresorts, namely the history of accesses to ski-lifts, reports of accidents collected by ski-patrols, and weather-related information retrieved from publicly accessible weather stations. Both personal information about skiers and environmental variables are considered to estimate the risk. Additionally, an auxiliary model is developed to estimate the condition of the snow in a ski-resort from past weather data. A number of techniques to deal with the problems related to this task, such as the class imbalance and the calibration of probabilities, are evaluated and compared.The main contribution of this project is the implementation of machine learning models to predict the probability of accidents for downhill skiers. The obtained models achieve a satisfactory performance at estimating the risk of accidents for skiers, provided that the needed historical data for the target skiresorts is available. The biggest limitation encountered by this study is related to the relatively low volume and quality of available data, which suggests that there are opportunities for further enhancements if additional (and especially better) data is collected.
Gain measurements of the superconducting vortex flow transistor at high frequencies (1988)

This paper presents measurements of transresistance of the vortex flow transistor (VFT). These measurements were obtained at frequencies up to 500 MHz which was one-tenth of the transit time cutoff frequency. A signal tagging scheme was developed to detect these high-frequency signals that would otherwise be obscured by high crosstalk levels. The measured frequency response of the VFT indicates that the transresistance signal is present at frequencies greater than one-tenth of the transit time cutoff frequency. Thus, the VFT is a viable active device candidate for rf superconducting electronic systems.
Pyrimidine Nucleosides with a Reactive (β-Chlorovinyl)sulfone or (β-Keto)sulfone Group at the C5 Position, Their Reactions with Nucleophiles and Electrophiles, and Their Polymerase-Catalyzed Incorporation into DNA (2018)

Transition-metal-catalyzed chlorosulfonylation of 5-ethynylpyrimidine nucleosides provided (<i>E</i>)-5-(β-chlorovinyl)sulfones <b>A</b>, which undergo nucleophilic substitution with amines or thiols affording <b>B</b>. The treatment of vinyl sulfones <b>A</b> with ammonia followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the intermediary β-sulfonylvinylamines gave 5-(β-keto)sulfones <b>C</b>. The latter reacts with electrophiles, yielding α-carbon-alkylated or -sulfanylated analogues <b>D</b>. The 5'-triphosphates of <b>A</b> and <b>C</b> were incorporated into double-stranded DNA, using open and one-nucleotide gap substrates, by human or <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA-polymerase-catalyzed reactions.
Selective Cerebral Catheterization (1970)

This paper describes a new method for selective cerebral catheterization based on the Pod catheter [6], [7], guided and propelled by means of external magnetic fields. The principles of the Pod catheter, and the necessary equipment are described, and conclusions are drawn from experiments with a glass model. The middle cerebral artery was catheterized selectively, and cytotoxic material was injected into it to treat a malignant tumor of the brain hemisphere.
Wide-area long-range unidirectional sensor (WALRUS) network (2005)

Networks consisting of low-cost wireless sensors have been the subject of extensive research, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to building control systems, to name a few. In this paper we consider networks intended to provide wide area coverage of one or more physical, chemical or biological parameters. We envision a target average data rate per sensor of 1-5 bps and transmission ranges of up to 100 m. Unlike conventional networks, the goal of wide-area parameter characterization can be achieved even with less than 100% node reliability, a feature that allows us to propose a novel ultra-low-cost architecture based on redundant sensors. To achieve the low-cost goal, sensor nodes include no receivers, and they transmit their information to a central reader using radio backscatter. This communication modality makes it possible to achieve a few years of battery life with small and inexpensive batteries. Performance impact due to absence of individual reception acknowledgement in this unidirectional communication channel is offset mainly by transmitter spatial diversity achieved through deployment of additional nodes. We describe the design of the system and its components, and analyze its performance characteristics.
Reward signals downstream of dopamine D1 receptors. (2016)

It-is well known that dopamine is necessary for motor function, reward-motivated behaviors. The principal target of dopamine is medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which are a special type of GABAergic inhibitory cell that represents,90% of the neurons within the striatum, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). There is a distinct class of spatially intermixed MSNs that express dopamine type 1 or 2 receptors (DlR-MSNs or D2R-MSNs, respectively). The D1R-MSN and D2R-MSN pathways control the dynamic balance in the basal ganglia circuit. D1R is coupled -to adenylate cyclase through Golf to activate protein kinase A (PKA), whereas D2R inhibits adenylate cyclase through Gi. Although PKA has been implicated in reward signals downstream of D1Rs by pharmacological approaches, there is no direct evidence indicating that PKA in DlR-MSNs regulates neuronal excitability and reward-related behaviors. We have established the system in which enzymatic activity can be manipulated in the NAc under the control of specific promoters for DlR-MSNs using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated conditional'transgenic techniques. We have also found novel PKA substrates in dopamine receptor signaling using phosphoproteomic approach. This review article focuses on the PKA and its substrates to understand dopamine-related signals in the MSNs. We discuss phosphoproteomic approaches for' comprehensively screening of dopamine signaling. Finally, we highlight RapI pathway as a novel reward signal in vivo.
Catalytic activity of oxidized (combusted) oil shale for removal of nitrogen oxides with ammonia as a reductant in combustion gas streams, Part 1 (1992)

Oxidized oil shale from the combustor in the LLNL hot recycle solids oil shale retorting process has been studied as a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides from laboratory gas streams using NH{sub 3} as areductant. Combusted Green River oil shale heated at 10{degrees}C/min in an Ar/O{sub 2}/NO/NH{sub 3} mixture ({approximately}93%/6%/2000 ppm/4000 ppm) with a gas residence time of {approximately}0.6 sec exhibited NO removal between 250 and 500{degrees}C, with maximum removal of 70% at {approximately}400{degrees}C. Under isothermal conditions with the same gas mixture, the maximum NO removal was found to be {approximately}64%. When CO{sub 2} was added to the gas mixture at {approximately}8%, the NO removal dropped to {approximately}50%. However, increasing the gas residence time to {approximately}1.2 sec, increased NO removal to 63%. These results are not based on optimized process conditions, but indicate oxidized (combusted) oil shale is an effective catalyst for NO removal from combustion gas streams using NH{sub 3} as the reductant.
Calculating Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Routes Over Traffic Engineering Tunnels (2004)

This document describes how conventional hop-by-hop link-state routing protocols interact with new Traffic Engineering capabilities to create Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) shortcuts.In particular, this document describes how Dijkstra's Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm can be adapted so that link-state IGPs will calculate IP routes to forward traffic over tunnels that are set up by Traffic Engineering.
Multiple Products Monitoring as a Robust Approach for Peptide Quantification (2009)

Quantification of target peptides and proteins is crucial for biomarker discovery. Approaches such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) rely on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis of defined peptide product ions. These methods are not very widespread because the determination of quantifiable product ion using either SRM or MRM is a very time-consuming process. We developed a novel approach for quantifying target peptides without such an arduous process of ion selection. This method is based on monitoring multiple product ions (multiple products monitoring: MpM) from full-range MS2 spectra of a target precursor. The MpM method uses a scoring system that considers both the absolute intensities of product ions and the similarities between the query MS2 spectrum and the reference MS2 spectrum of the target peptide. Compared with conventional approaches, MpM greatly improves sensitivity and selectivity of peptide quantification using an ion-trap mass spectrometer.
Association of Insulin Resistance and Hematologic Parameters: Study of a Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Population in Taiwan (2006)

Elevated WBC count but not RBC count was significantly associated with insulin resistance and glycemic metabolism. The relationship between platelet count and insulin resistance deserves further investigations.
Bat and virus (2010)

Bat, the only flying mammal and count more than 20% of the extant mammals on earth, were recently identified as a natural reservoir of emerging and reemerging infectious pathogens. Astonishing amount (more than 70) and genetic diversity of viruses isolated from the bat have been identified in different populations throughout the world. Many studies focus on bat viruses that caused severe domestic and human diseases. However, many viruses were found in apparently healthy bats, suggesting that bats may have a specific immune system or antiviral activity against virus infections. Therefore, basic researches for bat immunology and virus-host interactions are important for understanding bat-derived infectious diseases.
Halo nevi and the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Manifestations of vitiligo. (1980)

A 10-year-old boy with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome had loss of pigment cells in the skin, the halo nevi, the retina, and probably the leptomeninges. The amount of inflammation that accompanied destruction of pigment cells varied greatly and seemed to determine whether the patient had symptoms from his vitiligo. This patient exhibited symptoms associated with loss of pigment cells in his skin and leptomeninges, but not from the destruction of the pigment cells in his eyes. We suggest that vitiligo is a disease that can be manifested in any tissue containing pigment cells and has a variable clinical expression.
A novel approach for color image segmentation using iterative partitioning mean shift clustering algorithm (2015)

Segmentation is a process of partitioning the image into several objects. It plays a vital role in many fields such as satellite, remote sensing, object identification, face tracking and most importantly medical applications. Here in this paper, we here supposed to propose a novel image segmentation using iterative partitioning mean shift clustering algorithm, which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional clustering algorithms and provides a good segmented images. Simulation performance shows that the proposed scheme has performed superior to the existing clustering methods.
Bench-Scale Test to Selectively Recover Metals from Metal Mine Drainage Using Biogenic H2S (1994)

Hydrogen sulfide generated by the anaerobic respiration of sulfate-reducing bacteria was used to treat samples of pH 2.2 water from the abandoned Rio Tinto copper mine in Nevada. The untreated water contained 550 mg/L Fe, 140 mg/L Al, 92 mg/L Cu, 76 mg/L Mn, 60 mg/L Zn, 4 mg/L Co, and 2 mg/L Ni.
Tempering of Martensitic Stainless Steel with 0.6 w/o Nitogen and /orCarbon (1997)

Martensitic stainless high nitrogen steels are used for advanced bearings because of their superior corrosion resistance and hot hardness. Therefore the tempering behaviour of steels SC, SN and SNC with close to 15 w/o Cr, 1 w/o Mo and 0.6 w/o C, N or C+N, respectively,, was investigated. Secondary hardening is enhanced by nitrogen, which also increase the content of retained austenite and its resistance to tempering especially in SNC. During tempering e-, 8-and M 7 Cj-carbides precipitate in SC while -, C-and MjN-nitrides appear in SN. In SNC carbides and nitrides precipitate separately. Mossbauer spectroskopy revealed clustering of solute atoms in SC and ordering in SN and more so in SNC.
Effect of organ site on nuclear matrix protein composition (1996)

The nuclear matrix has been linked to several important cellular functions within cells, such as DNA organization and replication, as well as regulation of gene expression. It has been reported that the nuclear matrix protein composition is altered in cells grown on different extracellular matrices in vitro. This study examined the nuclear matrix protein composition of tumors produced by MAT-LyLu (MLL) rat prostate tumor cells implanted at different organ sites within the rat. When high resolution two-dimensional gels were utilized to compare nuclear matrix protein composition to the prostate orthotopic tumor, it was found that there were distinct protein differences depending upon where the tumor grew. In particular, there were 14 proteins found in the lung, six proteins found in intramuscular, 17 proteins is the heart, and five proteins in the tail vein tumor tissue that were not present in the prostate orthotopic tumor tissue. Therefore, this study adds evidence to support that the nuclear matrix composition of a cell is dependent, at least in part, by the extracellular matrix and/or different cellular environments and may have a role in site-specific differences in tumor properties.
Novel interaction of calixarene p-systems with metal ions and fullerenes (1999)

Abstract
Applications Of Fiber Optic Coupler Sensors (1989)

A new type of single mode fiber optic sensor is described which possesses broad application to various sensor configurations. The sensor uses a potted fused tapered biconical fusion coupler as a strain transducer element. Changing or imposing conditions of internal stress near the fusion joint cause the output fiber coupling ratio to change. The overall excess loss of the coupler remains constant, only a change in output coupling ratio is observed. This characteristic is highly desirable for feeding the inverting and noninverting inputs of an electronic differential amplifier through application of a photoconductive device. A variety of geometrical configurations allow a coupler sensor to be designed as a differential pressure sensor with a wide range of applications. The sensor exhibits no observable one-over-f noise from over 10K Hertz to the steady state. Pressure oscillations of extremely low amplitude and frequency allow applications to various geophysical and chemical sensors.
Platform-independent accessibility API (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of supporting accessibility in applications that run in multiple operating environments. It analyzes the commonalities of existing platform-specific Accessibility APIs, and defines a platform-independent accessibility API, the Accessible DOM.The Accessible DOM encompasses the features of existing APIs and overcomes the limitations of existing APIs to express dynamic, complex document contents.The Accessible DOM can be used to support existing and future platform-specific accessibility APIs. It will also allow the development of platform-independent accessibility clients.
Electron gun beam extraction with MOSFETs (2003)

Electron beams with an energy range of 10 keV at 2 A requiring intensity modulation with bandwidth from 50 kHz 7.5 MHz pose an interesting problem to the RF designer. Driving the extraction electrode of an electron gun can be a challenge with these requirements. The straight forward approach is the construction of a vacuum tube, single ended amplifier capable of delivering the anode voltage to the extraction electrode of the gun. However, vacuum tubes of this size and power are becoming increasingly expensive, and as the technology dies, the reliability of new components comes into question. The logical alternative is the implementation of solid state electronics. However, the 7.5 MHz 7 kV requirements pose a problem, as the solid state high voltage, high current technology does not exist in a single package. A new system of driving the extraction electrode of a Pierce type gun was developed using MOSFETs. Arranged in ultra-reliable "bricks" of series-parallel arrays, the MOSFETs allow for highly efficient amplification-mode operation. Amplitude linearity to 0.1% is achieved. The proposed system, capable of producing 7 kV at 25 kW will be implemented in the Electron Compressor experiment at Fermilab.
Benefits and Harms of Prescription Drugs and Supplements for Treatment of Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia (2020)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42018117897).
Throughput maximization in discrete rate based full duplex wireless powered communication networks† (2020)

In this study, we consider a discrete rate full‐duplex wireless powered communication network. We characterize a novel optimization framework for sum throughput maximization to determine the rate adaptation and transmission schedule subject to energy causality and user transmit power. We first formulate the problem as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, which is hard to solve for a global optimum in polynomial‐time. Then, we investigate the characteristics of the solution and propose a polynomial time heuristic algorithm for rate adaptation and scheduling problem. Through numerical analysis, we illustrate that the proposed scheduling algorithm outperforms the conventional schemes such as equal time allocation half‐duplex and on‐off transmission schemes for different initial battery levels, hybrid access point transmit power and network densities.
Optimal Role of Renewable and Zero-carbon Gaseous Fuels in the Future Energy Economy – Transforming the Gas Grid (2022)

The work to be presented is a comparative analysis of deep decarbonization strategies for the natural gas grid. The analysis is based on California supply and demand scenarios and unit costs, but results are broadly applicable to other markets seeking deep decarbonization. To achieve deep reductions in economy-wide GHG emissions, the fuel delivered over the natural gas system must be replaced by zero or near-zero-carbon substitutes. Electrification of many end uses will reduce the need for gaseous fuel over time. However, the least-cost approach to economy-wide decarbonization will likely include continued use of decarbonized forms of methane and expansion of the use of hydrogen for a range of applications. Low-carbon gaseous fuels are well suited for current uses of natural gas, those of conventional hydrogen (predominantly refining and ammonia production) and applications served by liquid fuels. Hydrogen and methane can be decarbonized through production pathways that use renewable energy sources and feedstocks, or through carbon capture and sequestration in geological formations or solid products. The presentation will compare the long-term costs of alternative strategies for decarbonizing the gas grid, including cost of potential transition from natural gas to pure hydrogen. Preliminary results show that decarbonized hydrogen is the most cost effective energy vector to serve zero-carbon gaseous fuel demand in the deeply decarbonized future economy.