gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Landscape of Common Epilepsies: Advancing towards Precision in Treatment (2020)

Epilepsy, a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures, is highly heterogeneous in nature. Based on the prevalence, epilepsy is classified into two types: common and rare epilepsies. Common epilepsies affecting nearly 95% people with epilepsy, comprise generalized epilepsy which encompass idiopathic generalized epilepsy like childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizure on awakening and focal epilepsy like temporal lobe epilepsy and cryptogenic focal epilepsy. In 70% of the epilepsy cases, genetic factors are responsible either as single genetic variant in rare epilepsies or multiple genetic variants acting along with different environmental factors as in common epilepsies. Genetic testing and precision treatment have been developed for a few rare epilepsies and is lacking for common epilepsies due to their complex nature of inheritance. Precision medicine for common epilepsies require a panoramic approach that incorporates polygenic background and other non-genetic factors like microbiome, diet, age at disease onset, optimal time for treatment and other lifestyle factors which influence seizure threshold. This review aims to comprehensively present a state-of-art review of all the genes and their genetic variants that are associated with all common epilepsy subtypes. It also encompasses the basis of these genes in the epileptogenesis. Here, we discussed the current status of the common epilepsy genetics and address the clinical application so far on evidence-based markers in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment management. In addition, we assessed the diagnostic predictability of a few genetic markers used for disease risk prediction in individuals. A combination of deeper endo-phenotyping including pharmaco-response data, electro-clinical imaging, and other clinical measurements along with genetics may be used to diagnose common epilepsies and this marks a step ahead in precision medicine in common epilepsies management.
SwapCodes: Error Codes for Hardware-Software Cooperative GPU Pipeline Error Detection (2018)

Intra-thread instruction duplication offers straightforward and effective pipeline error detection for data-intensive processors. However, software-enforced instruction duplication uses explicit checking instructions, roughly doubles program register usage, and doubles the arithmetic operation count per thread, potentially leading to severe slowdowns. This paper investigates SwapCodes, a family of software-hardware cooperative mechanisms to accelerate intra-thread duplication in GPUs. SwapCodes leverages the register file ECC hardware to detect pipeline errors without sacrificing the ability of ECC to detect and correct storage errors. By implicitly checking for pipeline errors on each register read, SwapCodes avoids the overheads of instruction checking without adding new hardware error checkers or buffers. We describe a family of SwapCodes implementations that successively eliminate the sources of inefficiency in intra-thread duplication with different complexities and error detection and correction trade-offs. We apply SwapCodes to protect a GPU-based processor against pipeline errors, and demonstrate that it is able to detect more than 99.3% of pipeline errors while improving performance and system efficiency relative to software-enforced duplication—the most performant SwapCodes organization incurs just 15% average slowdown over the un-duplicated program.
Ultrafast coherent control of spin waves with intense terahertz magnetic transients (2010)

Intense terahertz transients coherently control magnon oscillations in antiferromagnetic NiO. The magnetic component of the light field directly couples to the spins via Zeeman interaction. 8-fs probe pulses sample the ultrafast dynamics via Faraday rotation.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Promoted Reactions of Unsymmetrically Substituted Stilbenes with 2‐Methoxy‐1,4‐benzoquinones: Stereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2, 3‐Diaryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
cGLRs are a diverse family of pattern recognition receptors in animal innate immunity (2023)

cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) is an enzyme in human cells that controls an immune response to cytosolic DNA. Upon binding DNA, cGAS synthesizes a nucleotide signal 2'3'-cGAMP that activates the protein STING and downstream immunity. Here we discover cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) constitute a major family of pattern recognition receptors in animal innate immunity. Building on recent analysis in <i>Drosophila</i> , we use a bioinformatic approach to identify >3,000 cGLRs present in nearly all metazoan phyla. A forward biochemical screen of 140 animal cGLRs reveals a conserved mechanism of signaling including response to dsDNA and dsRNA ligands and synthesis of alternative nucleotide signals including isomers of cGAMP and cUMP-AMP. Using structural biology, we explain how synthesis of distinct nucleotide signals enables cells to control discrete cGLR-STING signaling pathways. Together our results reveal cGLRs as a widespread family of pattern recognition receptors and establish molecular rules that govern nucleotide signaling in animal immunity.
Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework Extension to Sliding Window Codes (RFC 8680) (2020)

RFC 8680, Standards Track, TSVWG (Transport Area) working group of IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8680.html
Resveratrol Impairs the Release of Steroid-resistant Cytokines from Bacterial Endotoxin-Exposed Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2011)

Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is believed to be insensitive to corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids are recommended in COPD (GOLD stages III, IV) with frequent exacerbations. Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory properties and could be an alternative to corticosteroids in COPD therapy. We investigated the effect of dexamethasone versus resveratrol on the release of COPD-related inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF and MCP-1) and matrix-metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) from alveolar macrophages exposed to gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). We compared never-smokers, current smokers without airway obstruction and current smokers with COPD. The cytokines and MMP-9 were measured in cell culture supernatants with ELISA. The release of IL-8 and MMP-9 from LPS-exposed alveolar macrophages was increased in COPD, the release of GM-CSF and IL-6 was decreased in COPD and the release of MCP-1 was without differences between the cohorts. Dexamethasone impaired the release of all cytokines and MMP-9 from LPS-exposed alveolar macrophages of all cohorts, but for IL-8 and GM-CSF this effect was reduced in COPD. In alveolar macrophages of COPD, there was an almost complete reduction in IL-6 release but only a partial reduction in IL-8, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and MMP-9 release demonstrating a partial corticosteroid-insensitivity. In contrast, resveratrol almost completely reduced the release of all cytokines and MMP-9 without significant differences between the cohorts. Our data provide evidence for a corticosteroid resistance of alveolar macrophage-dependent inflammatory responses induced by gram-negative bacteria in COPD and thus question the utility of corticosteroids in COPD therapy. Instead, resveratrol may prove an alternative.
Long-term Outcomes After LASIK Using a Hybrid Bi-aspheric Micro-monovision Ablation Profile for Presbyopia Correction (2020)

Presbyopic treatment using a hybrid bi-aspheric micro-monovision ablation profile is safe and efficacious even after 6 years postoperatively. The postoperative outcomes indicate improvements in binocular vision at far, intermediate, and near distances. An 8% re-treatment rate should be considered to increase satisfaction levels, including a 3% reversal rate. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(2):89-96.].
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING SUPERPLASTICIZERS FOR PRODUCING FLOWING CONCRETE IN HOT WEATHER. INTERIM REPORT (1988)

This report consists of results, observations, and conclusions from an experimental program investigating the effect of superplasticizers on fresh and hardened concrete properties. Tests for workability, air content, unit weight, setting times, strength, and durability were conducted for the mixes that made up this study. Variables for these mixes included initial slump, coarse aggregate type, cement content, retarder dosage, time of addition, and admixture combinations. The results from this study show that superplasticizers can provide desirable characteristics for a concrete mix such as increased workability, increased compressive and flexural strengths, and increased resistance to abrasion. However, superplasticizers can also produce undesirable and deleterious characteristics for a concrete mix such as rapid slump loss, loss of air, and delayed finishing due to delayed setting times. This report provides the resident engineer with recommendations for production of superplasticized flowing concrete and suggestions for further research.
Near-field optics: theory, instrumentation, and applications (1996)

THEORY AND INSTRUMENTATION. Imaging. The Tapered Optical Fiber and Other Sensing Elements. NSOM Theory. NSOM Instrumentation. Optical Tunneling Microscopes. PRACTICE. Contrast. Intensity. Polarization. Wavelength. Amplitude and Phase. Time. Plasmons. APPLICATIONS. Surface Chemistry. Biology. Materials Science. Information Storage. Non-Visible Wavelength Instruments. RELATED TECHNIQUES AND CONCLUSION. Related Techniques and Unusual Configurations. Conclusions and Future Directions. Index.
Amplification Characteristics of a Discharge Excited F2Laser (1990)

Abstract The small signal gain coefficient and the saturation intensity of a molecular-fluorine pulsed-discharge laser at 157 nm have been measured using two discharge devices in the oscillator-amplifier configuration. At 3 atm total gas pressure and 1·5 cm electrode spacing the small signal gain coefficient and the saturation intensity of the 3Π2g → 3ΠI2u transition were measured to be 5·2% cm−1 and 5 MW cm−2 respectively.
Second conference on sonic boom research (1968)

Conference on sonic boom reduction in supersonic transport flight - shock wave propagation and refraction, prediction methods for acoustic attenuation, and aerodynamic engineering aspects
Abstract 626: Caveolin-1 (CAV1) Levels Determine the Cell Surface Expression of the Dopamine D1-like Receptors (2013)

In human renal proximal tubule cells, the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) increases cAMP production and negatively regulates sodium transport. Defects in D1R signaling have been associated with SNPs in G-protein coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4), which hyperphosphorylates and decreases D1R function, leading to sodium retention. We have previously shown that knockdown of CAV1 in proximal tubule cells impairs sodium transport. In this report we show that CAV1 reduction, knockdown or knockout leads to decreased dopamine D1-like receptor binding at the proximal tubule cell surface. Dopamine D1-like brush border and cell surface binding was measured using Bodipy-FL conjugated SKF83566 . WT and Caveolin 1 knockout (CAV1KO) kidney cortex brush border membrane isolation was performed by magnetic lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin affinity purification and fluorescent SKF83566 binding by microplate fluorometry. CAV1KO had a 35.8±3.3% decrease in binding vs WT (p&lt;0.01, n=6 per group, WT level 18,492 RFU above background). In hTERT immortalized human renal proximal tubule cell lines, lentiviral shRNAi CAV1 stable knockdown cell lines had a 76.4±2.5%, p&lt;0.001 n=4, reduction in CAV1 expression by western blot. Cell surface D1-like receptor binding was reduced by 34.0±1.3% (p&lt;0.001, n=4) in the CAV1 knockdown cell lines (scrambled control levels 117193 RFU). We previously have shown that CAV1 expression is dramatically reduced in the hypertensive SHR proximal tubule cell line vs the normotensive WKY proximal tubule cell line. The SHR cell line had a 57.5±1.2% (p&lt;0.001, n=7) reduction in D1-like receptor binding (WKY 116114 RFU). Re-expression of rat CAV1 alpha or CAV1 beta isoform in the SHR cell line by stable lentiviral infection increased binding by 51.6±2.1%, and 63.3±1.6% respectively (p&lt;0.01, n=14). Sodium transport was decreased by CAV1 alpha and CAV1 beta expression in SHR cell lines. The average number of domes per 10x objective fields of view was 9.5±1.6 in SHR cell, 4.5±0.3 in SHR CAV1alpha (p&lt;0.05, n=4 vs SHR) and in SHR CAV1beta 5.0±0.3 (p&lt;0.05, n=4 vs SHR). In mouse, rat, and human renal proximal tubule cells, CAV1 is necessary for dopamine D1-like receptor cell surface localization and for normal dopaminergic inhibition of sodium transport.
Gearing Up for Transportation Engineering, A Summer Institute: Phase VI (2005)

The numbers of female and minority students enrolled in engineering schools are increasing slowly, however there is still a relatively small percentage drawn to the field of transportation civil engineering. As a consequence, there is a need to educate young people about the profession to encourage under-represented individuals to appreciate the contributions of engineers and encourage them to become civil engineers. This summer institute project consisted of bringing middle school students, after recommendations by their teachers, to the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) campus to learn about engineering as a career and experience a variety of transportation engineering design topics. The participants gained knowledge about the role of engineers in society as well as learned how engineers use their knowledge in design applications. An additional program was held this year in which the alumni were invited back for more advanced research in civil engineering projects. Several UAH faculty members and Society of Women Engineers professionals acted as team mentors. As an important part of this project, local minority and female engineers served as mentors for the program. This was the sixth year of the summer program at UAH.
Deep learning-driven catheter tracking from bi-plane X-ray fluoroscopy of 3D printed heart phantoms (2021)

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has changed not only the performance of specific operations but also the more effective strategic approach to all surgeries. Expansion of MIS to more complex surgeries demands further development of new technologies, including robotic surgical systems, navigation, guidance, visualizations, dexterity enhancement, and 3D printing technology. In the cardiovascular domain, 3D printed modeling can play a crucial role in providing improved visualization of the anatomical details and guide precision operations as well as functional evaluation of various congenital and congestive heart conditions. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning-driven tracking method for providing quantitative 3D tracking of mock cardiac interventions on customdesigned 3D printed heart phantoms. In this study, the position of the tip of a catheter is tracked from bi-plane fluoroscopic images. The continuous positioning of the catheter relative to the 3D printed model was co-registered in a single coordinate system using external fiducial markers embedded into the model. Our proposed method has the potential to provide quantitative analysis for training exercises of percutaneous procedures guided by bi-plane fluoroscopy.
[Imatinib induces c-kit positive myeloma cells apoptosis]. (2008)

Imatinib inhibits KM3 cells proliferation and induces the cells apoptosis by inhibiting c-kit signalling transduction.
Fruit Recognition using Color and Texture Features (2010)

The computer vision strategies used to recognize a fruit rely on four basic features which characterize the object: intensity, color, shape and texture. This paper proposes an efficient fusion of color and texture features for fruit recognition. The recognition is done by the minimum distance classifier based upon the statistical and co-occurrence features derived from the Wavelet transformed sub- bands. Experimental results on a database of about 2635 fruits from 15 different classes confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Current induced domain wall states in CPP nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy (2007)

Current induced domain wall creation in CPP nanopillars made of Co/Ni films with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is described. We find that stable domain wall states (DWS) can be nucleated with modest current densities of ~107 A cm−2 and further controlled by current to restore the two uniform states. The reproducibility of both the creation and annihilation of such DWS is studied. Experiments have been performed several times for a given nanopillar, but also for different devices. The influence of temperature, size and shape of the devices as well as the distribution of magnetic properties on magnetization reversal is discussed.
Performance Comparison of Keccak, Skein, Grøstl, Blake and JH: SHA-3 Final Round Candidate Algorithms on ARM Cortex A8 Processor (2015)

Taking cognizance of various attacks on MDx family of Hash function including SHA-0 and SHA-1, National Institute of Standards and Technology came up with a public competition for new Hash standard SHA-3 to augment or replace the current Hash standard SHA-2. NIST provided a reference platform (Wintel machines) and compiler (Microsoft Visual Studio) on which the submitted algorithms were to be evaluated. The five algorithms that reached the final round of SHA-3 public competition were evaluated by us on ARM Cortex A8 architecture (architecture other than the reference platform). Performance evaluation of these final round candidate algorithms were done on Cortex-A8 based OpenBoard AM335x from PHYTEC running Linux 3.2.0. The results in Cycles consumed per byte are shared in this paper.
Impact of tone-mapping operators and viewing devices on visual quality of experience (2016)

The development of HDR imaging is seen as an important step towards improving the visual quality of experience (QoE) of the end user in many applications. In practice, Tone-mapping operators (TMOs) provide a useful means for converting a high dynamic range (HDR) image to a low dynamic range (LDR) image in order to achieve better visualization on standard displays. Although mobile devices are becoming popular, the techniques for displaying the content of HDR images on the screens of such devices are still in the early stages. While several studies have been conducted to evaluate TMOs on conventional displays, few studies have been carried out to date to evaluate TMOs on small screen displays, such as those used in mobile devices. In this paper we evaluate, using subjective and objective methods, the most popular Tone-mapping-operators in different mobile displays and resolutions under normal viewing conditions for the end-user. Preliminary results show that small screen displays (SSDs) have an impact on the performance of TMOs compared to computer displays. In general, the larger the mobile resolution, the better the subjective results. We also found clear differences between SSDs and LDRs performances. The best TMO for mobile displays is iCAM06 and for computer displays it is Photographic Reproduction.
Effect of silicon oxide reduction operational aspects on material and heat flow ratio in ore-thermal furnace (2020)

A study was carried out into the effect of the loading method and surface distribution of charges at the furnace top on the parameters of carbon reduction of silica in submerged arc furnaces. In the study, the direct physical modelling method was applied. The experiments were carried out under large-scale laboratory conditions using a 200 kVA single-electrode furnace of the Zh. Abishev Chemical and Metallurgical Institute (Kazakhstan). An additional dynamic industrial experiment was conducted in the 30 MVA furnace of Tau-Ken Temir LLP. In a large laboratory furnace, two smelting campaigns were performed, each using different approaches to the treatment of the furnace top. In the first campaign, no balancing in the energy and material flows of the system took place, resulting in forced slipping and an uncontrolled feed rate of the charge. The second campaign, conversely, included the specified balancing measures. A similar study took place over 3 days under industrial conditions. The following technological parameters were empirically determined: specific electricity consumption, furnace average active power and performance, as well as power per unit area of the furnace hearth. The Fe, Al, Ca, Si material balance of the smelting was compiled. In order to assess the load balance, the concept of charge excess in relation to charge demand at the current furnace power was used for the first time. This concept value was determined as the ratio of number of batches actually loaded relative to the theoretically-calculated number ensuring the harmonisation of material and energy flows in the furnace. As a result of the research, an increase in the interval between the furnace top treatments up to 30 min and maintenance of harmonisation between material and thermal flows in the ore smelting furnace was established for increasing silicon extraction efficiency by 10-15%. In addition, oscillations in the phase current were stabilised. The proposed balancing concept was established to support the rapid elimination of crisis conditions in an industrial furnace.
Naïve arthritogenic SKG T cells have a defect in anergy and a repertoire pruned by superantigen (2022)

Abstract How autoreactive CD4 T cells develop to cause rheumatoid arthritis remains unknown. We used a reporter for antigen-receptor signaling in the SKG autoimmune arthritis model to profile a T cell subpopulation enriched for arthritogenic naïve CD4 T cells before arthritis onset by bulk and single cell RNA and T cell antigen-receptor (TCR) sequencing. Our analyses reveal that despite their impaired proximal TCR signaling, a subset of SKG naïve CD4 T cells that have recently encountered endogenous antigen upregulate gene programs associated with positive regulation of T cell activation and cytokine signaling at higher levels than wild type cells in the pre-disease state. These arthritogenic cells also induce genes associated with negative regulation of T cell activation but do so less efficiently than wild type cells. Furthermore, their TCR sequences exhibit a previously unrecognized biased peripheral TCR Vβ repertoire likely driven by endogenous viral superantigens. These particular Vβs, known to recognize endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigen, are further expanded in arthritic joints. Our results demonstrate that autoreactive naïve CD4 T cells which recognize endogenous viral superantigens are poised to cause disease by their altered transcriptome. Summary blurb Self-reactive SKG T cells that escaped negative selection harbor an independent defect in anergy that, together with chronic antigen stimulation, sets the stage for disease. Moreover, we propose a novel role for endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigen in promoting arthritogenic T cell responses.