gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Estradiol on Cholesterol Processing by the Corpus Luteum1 (1989)

Recent studies from our laboratory have suggested that estradiol or androgen precursor may stimulate steroidogenesis in the luteal cell by modulating intracellular cholesterol metabolism including mobilization of cholesteryl esters, stimulation of lipoprotein receptor activity and induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity. To test the functionality of cholesteryl ester turnover per se, we measured the activities of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesteryl esterase, the enzymes involved in cholesteryl ester synthesis and hydrolysis, respectively; we also measured de novo synthesis of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and steroids. Pregnant rats, hypophysectomized and hysterectomized on Day 12, were treated for 72 h with either estradiol or testosterone, and luteal microsomal and cytosolic fractions were utilized to measure ACAT and cholesteryl esterase activity, respectively. Intact corpora luteal were employed for [14C]acetate incorporation experiments. Basal ACAT activity (expressed as pmol.min-1.CL-1 increased from a mean of 78 +/- 16 in vehicle-treated rats to 119 +/- 18 and 197 +/- 16 in the estradiol- and testosterone-treated rats, respectively. Similarly, total ACAT activity (measured in the presence of exogenous cholesterol) was also increased in estradiol- and testosterone-treated groups. On the other hand, cholesterol esterase activity (expressed either pmol.min-1.CL-1 or pmol.min-1.mg protein-1) was similar in all three groups and comparable to corpora lutea from intact pregnant rats. Hypophysectomy and hysterectomy caused a 50-60% reduction in [14C]acetate incorporation into sterols when compared with intact pregnant rat. Treatment with either estradiol or testosterone not only restored the cholesterol biosynthetic capacity but also enhanced the overall rate of [14C]acetate incorporation into steroids as compared to intact pregnant rats. The major (-80%), newly synthesized steroid was identified as progesterone. In conclusion, the present studies suggest that the major function of luteal estradiol is to induce de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, regulate ACAT activity, and channel available free cholesterol (derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources) for steroidogenesis.
Effects of Thiopental, Fentanyl, and Etomidate on Upper Extremity Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Humans (1986)

The effects of three anesthetic induction agents on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were assessed in unpremedicated patients who were without neurologic abnormality of the upper extremities. SEP was assessed by stimulation of the nondominant median nerve and responses were recorded over Erbs point (N10), second cervical vertebra (N14), and the contralateral cortex (P15, N20, P23 latencies, and P15-N20 and N20-P23 amplitudes). Nine patients received thipental (4 mg/kg, iv bolus), nine patients received fentanyl (25 micrograms/kg, iv bolus), and nine patients received etomidate (0.4 mg/kg, iv bolus). SEP was assessed before and after drug administration at motor threshold stimulus intensity. Thiopental increased the latency of N10, N14, and N20. The amplitudes of N10-, N14-, and scalp-recorded waves were not altered by thiopental. Fentanyl increased N20 and P23 latency and decreased the amplitude of P15-N20. Etomidate increased latency of N20 and P23 without alteration of latencies of N10 or N14 and increased the amplitude of P15-N20 and N20-P23, while the amplitude of N10 was unchanged and the amplitude of N14 was decreased. It is concluded that thiopental or fentanyl causes only modest alterations in early waves of upper extremity SEP, whereas etomidate increases the amplitude of scalp-recorded waves. The effect of etomidate on SEP may make diagnosis of neurologic injury more difficult because of the changing waveform.
MET: A Critical Player in Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Target (2013)

Since its discovery more than 25 years ago, numerous studies have established that the MET receptor is unique among tyrosine kinases. Signaling through MET is necessary for normal development and for the progression of a wide range of human cancers. MET activation has been shown to drive numerous signaling pathways; however, it is not clear how MET signaling mediates diverse cellular responses such as motility, invasion, growth, and angiogenesis. Great strides have been made in understanding the pleotropic aspects of MET signaling using three-dimensional molecular structures, cell culture systems, human tumors, and animal models. These combined approaches have driven the development of MET-targeted therapeutics that have shown promising results in the clinic. Here we examine the unique features of MET and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) structure and signaling, mutational activation, genetic mouse models of MET and HGF/SF, and MET-targeted therapeutics.
A NEW FIELD ISOLATION TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH DENSITY MOS LSI (1978)

A unique field isolation technology has been developed for n-channel MOS LSI's in which the HF gas reverse etching of oxide was utilized. This new technology essentially eliminates several disadvantages of the widely used coplanar (also known as LOCOS) technology. The field oxide delineation without bird's beak, the lateral oxidation under the nitride mask, increases the packing density by about 43% and 55% for 4 µ and 3 µ design rules, respectively. Undesirable lateral diffusion of impurities during field oxidation is also greatly reduced in the new technology. Test devices and LSI's were fabricated and tested. The feasibility as a LSI process was successfully verified with the 16-bit microprocessor chip of TOSBAC 40L.
152. OSTEOPOROSIS AND RISK OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY (2019)

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and osteoporosis (OP) share many epidemiological features, such as occurrence in people >50 years old and increased incidence in women and northern Europe. Some known risk factors of OP, such as early menopause, nulliparity, low body mass index (BMI) and smoking, have also been linked to increased risk of GCA. We investigated a potential link between OP and GCA onset by screening for OP by computed tomography (CT). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent temporal artery biopsy (TAB) for suspected GCA in 4 hospitals. Cases and controls were defined by TAB-proven GCA and non-GCA diagnosis, respectively. Selection criteria additionally included 18F-FDG PET/CT at AE 30 days (GCA cases) or AE 90 days from the date of TAB (non-GCA controls). A radiologist blinded to patients' case or control status used CT images to measure the mineral density of trabecular bone in the first lumbar vertebra of all patients. OP was defined by previously identified thresholds of 4 110 Hounsfield units (HU) or 4 135 HU (Pickhardt PJ et al, Ann Intern Med, 2013). We compared cases and controls for proportion of OP for the entire population and by sex. Statistical analyses involved chi-square and Student t tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: We included 50 cases and 59 controls. The most common diagnoses for controls were neurological disorders (n 21), autoimmune diseases (n 8), infections (n 10) and lack of an identifiable acute disease (n 9). Main demographic characteristics, prior cardiovascular and OP risk factors, and laboratory results are in the Table . Cases and controls did not differ in proportion with OP in the overall population (46% vs 49% [4110 HU] and 60% vs 69% [4135 HU]) or by sex (Table ). Conclusion: This study confirms that OP risk factors, that is, low BMI and nulliparity, are overrepresented in GCA, but our data do not suggest higher OP frequency in patients with new-onset GCA than controls. The high absolute proportion of OP in patients with new-onset GCA deserves further investigation because it may have practical implications in these patients at risk of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.
A Novel 1 : 1 Complex of Potassium Mikanin-3-O-sulfate with Methanol. (2001)

Mikanin-3-O-sulfate (1), in the form of its potassium salt, together with mikanin (2) and alpinetin (3) were isolated from Mikania micrantha. The crystal structures of K(1) x CH3OH, 2 and 3 x H2O were established by X-ray crystallography. The potassium ions in K(1) x CHO3H are bridged by O5, O7 and O8 to form a chain of face-sharing KO8 coordination polyhedra, from which the aglycon units are outstretched to form a polymeric molecular column. Adjacent molecular columns are linked by pi-pi stacking between parallel, intercalating aglycon units to form layers matching the (101) family of planes, which are further interconnected into a three-dimensional supramolecular assembly. Sulfation at 3-OH induced better co-planarity and conjugation of the rings.
Multiple Access Schemes (2017)

Multiple access schemes are used whenever there is a need for a number of independent users to share a resource that may be scarce or expensive. This chapter considers some of the popular multiple access schemes. These schemes can be divided into three categories: orthogonal access schemes, controlled access schemes, and random access schemes. The chapter reviews the basic fixed channel access schemes that are the foundation of the orthogonal access schemes. Most multiplexing schemes are based on the concept of dividing a communication link into independent communication channels. Three methods used to divide a communication link into independent channels are as follows: frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), and code-division multiplexing (CDM). Orthogonal multiple access schemes refer to techniques that allow two or more users to share radio frequency spectrum in a manner that avoids collision. The main concern of the random access schemes is transmission scheduling to minimize the probability of packet collision.
A Light-Responsive and Periodic NADH Oxidase Activity of the Cell Surface of Tetrahymena and of Human Buffy Coat Cells (2000)

Oxidation of external NADH (NADH is an impermeant substrate) by cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis oscillated with a period of 24-26 min. The period length in darkness (25.6 min) appeared to be slightly longer than the period in light (approximately 24 min). When Tetrahymena were placed in darkness for 30-50 min and then returned to light, a new maximum in the rate of NADH oxidation was observed 36-38 min (13 + 24) min after the beginning of the light treatment. The cell-surface NADH oxidase of human buffy coats (a mixture of white cells and platelets) also was periodic and light responsive.
Graphical uncertainty representations for ensemble predictions (2018)

We investigated how different graphical representations convey the underlying uncertainty distribution in ensemble predictions. In ensemble predictions, a set of forecasts is produced, indicating the range of possible future states. Adopting a use case from life sciences, we asked non-expert participants to compare ensemble predictions of the growth distribution of individual children to that of the normal population. For each individual child, the historical growth data of a set of 20 of its best matching peers was adopted as the ensemble prediction of the child’s growth curve. The ensemble growth predictions were plotted in seven different graphical formats (an ensemble plot, depicting all 20 forecasts and six summary representations, depicting the peer group mean and standard deviation). These graphs were plotted on a population chart with a given mean and variance. For comparison, we included a representation showing only the initial part of the growth curve without any future predictions. For 3 months old children that were measured at four occasions since birth, participants predicted their length at the age of 2 years. They compared their prediction to either (1) the population mean or to (2) a “normal” population range (the mean ± 2(standard deviation)). Our results show that the interpretation of a given uncertainty visualization depends on its visual characteristics, on the type of estimate required and on the user’s numeracy. Numeracy correlates negatively with bias (mean response error) magnitude (i.e. people with lower numeracy show larger response bias). Compared to the summary plots that yield a substantial overestimation of probabilities, and the No-prediction representation that results in quite variable predictions, the Ensemble representation consistently shows a lower probability estimation, resulting in the smallest overall response bias. The current results suggest that an Ensemble or “spaghetti plot” representation may be the best choice for communicating the uncertainty in ensemble predictions to non-expert users.
High performance face recognition using pseudo 2-D hidden Markov models (1999)

A face recognition system based on 2-D DCT features and pseudo-2D Hidden Markov Models is presented. The system achieves a recognition rate of 99.5% on the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) face database. This recognition rate is much better than the recognition rate of a previous pseudo 2-D HMM approach. Only one single face out of the 200 available test faces was not correctly recognized. The superiority of our approach against the previous approach is analyzed, and the recognition rates are compared to other face recognition systems evaluated on the ORL database.
Increase in Reactive Nitrogen Species Production in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Airways (2000)

Peroxynitrite, nitrogen dioxide, and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that are formed in the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide anion, and in peroxidase-dependent mechanisms, have a potent inflammatory action. These molecules may therefore increase in number and have a role in inflammatory airway diseases. In the present study, we quantified RNS using immunostaining of nitrotyrosine and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in airway inflammatory cells obtained by the induced sputum technique, and also quantified the exhaled NO concentration in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), subjects with asthma, and healthy subjects (HS). Immunoreactivity for iNOS observed in the airway inflammatory cells was significantly and similarly higher in subjects with COPD and asthma than in HS, although exhaled NO levels were increased only in subjects with asthma. Inflammatory cells showed obvious nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in subjects with COPD and to a lesser extent in those with asthma, but not in HS. There was a significant negative correlation between the percent predicted values of FEV(1) and the amount of nitrotyrosine formation in subjects with COPD, but not in those with asthma and HS. These results suggest that: (1) RNS may be involved in the pathobiology of the airway inflammatory and obstructive process in COPD; and (2) NO produced in the airways, presumably via iNOS, is consumed by its reaction with superoxide anion and/or peroxidase-dependent mechanisms.
Polychromatic CT Data Improvement with One‐Parameter Power Correction (2019)

Standard approaches to tomography reconstruction of the projection data registered with polychromatic emission lead to the appearance of cupping artifacts and irrelevant lines between regions of strong absorption. The main reason for their appearance is the fact that part of the emission with low energy is being absorbed entirely by high absorbing objects. This fact is known as beam hardening (BH). The procedure of processing projection data collected in polychromatic mode is presented; it reduces artifacts relevant to BH and does not require additional calibration experiments. The procedure consists of two steps: the first is to linearize the projection data with one‐parameter power correction, and the second is to reconstruct the images from linearized data. Automatic parameter adjustment is the main advantage of the procedure. The optimization problem is formulated. The system flowchart is presented. The reconstruction with different powers of correction is considered to evaluate the quality reconstruction.
Pulmonary Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2006)

There has been increasing interest in using pulmonary biomarkers to understand and monitor the inflammation in the respiratory tract of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this Pulmonary Perspective we discuss the merits of the various approaches by reviewing the current literature on pulmonary biomarkers in COPD and underscore the need for more systematic studies in the future. Bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage provide valuable information about inflammatory cells and mediators, but are invasive, so that repeated measurements have to be very limited in assessing any interventions. Induced sputum has provided considerable information about the inflammatory process, including mediators and proteinases in COPD, but selectively samples proximal airways and may not closely reflect distal inflammatory processes. Exhaled gases and breath condensate are noninvasive procedures, so repeated measurements are possible, but for some assays the variability is relatively high. There is relatively little information about how any of these biomarkers relate to other clinical outcomes, such as progression of the disease, severity of disease, clinical subtypes, or response to therapy. More information is also needed about the variability in these measurements. In the future, pulmonary biomarkers may be useful in predicting disease progression, indicating disease instability, and in predicting response to current therapies and novel therapies, many of which are now in development.
Bounding the fidelity of quantum many-body states from partial information (2020)

We formulate an algorithm to lower bound the fidelity between quantum many-body states only from partial information, such as the one accessible by few-body observables. Our method is especially tailored to permutationally invariant states, but it gives nontrivial results in all situations where this symmetry is even partial. This property makes it particularly useful for experiments with atomic ensembles, where relevant many-body states can be certified from collective measurements. As an example, we show that a ${\ensuremath{\xi}}^{2}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}6\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\text{dB}$ spin squeezed state of $N=100$ particles can be certified with a fidelity up to $F=0.999$, only from the measurement of its polarization and of its squeezed quadrature. Moreover, we show how to quantitatively account for both measurement noise and partial symmetry in the states, which makes our method useful in realistic experimental situations.
고정익 UAV를 이용한 고생상도 영상의 토지피복분류 (2018)

Purpose: UAV-based photo measurements are being researched using UAVs in the space information field as they are not only cost-effective compared to conventional aerial imaging but also easy to obtain high-resolution data on desired time and location. In this study, the UAV-based high-resolution images were used to perform the land cover classification. Method: RGB cameras were used to obtain high-resolution images, and in addition, multi-distribution cameras were used to photograph the same regions in order to accurately classify the feeding areas. Finally, Land cover classification was carried out for a total of seven classes using created ortho image by RGB and multispectral camera, DSM(Digital Surface Model), NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), GLCM(Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) using RF (Random Forest), a representative supervisory classification system. Results: To assess the accuracy of the classification, an accuracy assessment based on the error matrix was conducted, and the accuracy assessment results were verified that the proposed method could effectively classify classes in the region by comparing with the supervisory results using RGB images only. Conclusion: In case of adding orthoimage, multispectral image, NDVI and GLCM proposed in this study, accuracy was higher than that of conventional orthoimage. Future research will attempt to improve classification accuracy through the development of additional input data.
Optimal complex field holographic projection (2011)

We describe a technique that uses complex field holograms to project three-dimensional light patterns. Holographic projection commonly uses phase-only encoding since accurately representing complex holograms using both amplitude and phase spatial light modulators reduces the optical throughput significantly. Here, we use a lossless projection via the generalized phase contrast method to produce the necessary amplitude pattern required for complex field holographic projection. We numerically evaluate the technique and demonstrate high optical throughput with reduced undesired high diffraction orders.
The Slashdot Zoo: Mining a Social Network with Negative Edges (2017)

We analyse the corpus of user relationships of the Slashdot technology news site. The data was collected from the Slashdot Zoo feature where users of the website can tag other users as friends and foes, providing positive and negative endorsements. We adapt social network analysis techniques to the problem of negative edge weights. In particular, we consider signed variants of global network characteristics such as the clustering coefficient, node-level characteristics such as centrality and popularity measures, and link-level characteristics such as distances and similarity measures. We evaluate these measures on the task of identifying unpopular users, as well as on the task of predicting the sign of links and show that the network exhibits multiplicative transitivity which allows algebraic methods based on matrix multiplication to be used. We compare our methods to traditional methods which are only suitable for positively weighted edges.
Wind Bands and Music (1928)

The bibliography of the subject is a scanty one. In all not more than a total round dozen of really useful works have been published in this country, on the Continent, and in the New World. Apparently these, everyone of them touching on Military or Army Bands and their music, represent the sum total. I know of none on what soldiers call civilian wind band music that have seen the light. If I except the researches of Professor Bridge on “Waits” I believe I except all.
Improving Visual Programming Languages for Multimedia Authoring (1993)

This paper summarizes our observations and experience with two commercial multimedia authoring packages and provides the following results: . Detailed criteria for evaluating visual programming interfaces for multimedia authoring . Example iconic programs for comparing different multimedia visual programming tools . General recommendations for improving the design of such systems&amp;apos; user interfaces Multimedia authoring tools are a significant enabling tool for courseware and other interactive presentations. However, the development of such materials with the best tools available today requires significant expertise, equipment, and time. The goal of this paper is to further advance the usability of such tools.