gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of dental unit water line biofilm bacteria (2009)

Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has become an important tool for rapid analysis of complex bi- ological samples. The infrared absorbance spectrum could be regarded as a which is a feature of biochemical substances. The FT-IR spectra of fresh and stored dried samples of six bacterial isolates (Klebsiella sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacil- lus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter sp.) were observed by variation in sample preparation. The results indicated that variation in sample preparation did not affect the spectra of isolates. However, less promiment/absence of a small shoulder peak at 1738 cm −1 was evident in fresh dried samples of Achromobacter sp. and A. xylosoxidans compared to prominent and broad shoulder band at 1724 cm −1 in stored dried samples of these two isolates. In addition to the established KBr pellet technique, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy was used to analyse the spectra of planktonic growth (−80 ◦ C liquid cultures) and biofilm growth of six isolates. ATR spectroscopy of −80 ◦ C plank- tonic and biofilm growth showed variation in absorption spectra in fingerprint (1200-900 cm −1 ) region. Two clear absorption bands were prominent in biofilm at 1175 and 1143 cm −1 whereas, one prominent broad band at 1075 cm −1 resulting from the overlapping of two band was noted in planktonic cultures. Biofilm forming capability of the six isolates was also determined by acridine orange staining method. The microscopic analysis of biofilms formed on glass slides revealed the presence of a matrix of exopolysaccharides and microcolonies typical of biofilm architecture. Maximum biofilm formation was observed after 175 h in P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp.
Oxidized LDL enhances stretch-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation through alterations in nuclear protein import (2012)

Mechanical stress contributes to hypertension and atherosclerosis partly through the stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is another important atherogenic factor that can increase VSMC proliferation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether oxLDL could further enhance the proliferative action of mechanical stretch on VSMC, and to determine the mechanism responsible for this interaction. Because nuclear protein import is critical in regulating gene expression, transcription, and cell proliferation, its involvement in the mitogenic effects of oxLDL and mechanical stress was studied. OxLDL enhanced the proliferative effects of mechanical stretch on its own in rabbit aortic VSMC, and induced increases in the expression of HSP60 in an additive manner. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of HSP60 induced increases in cell proliferation compared with uninfected VSMC. Mechanical stretch and oxLDL stimulated the rate of nuclear protein import in VSMC and increased the expression of nucleoporins. These effects were sensitive to inhibition of the MAPK pathway. We conclude that oxLDL and mechanical stretch have a synergistic effect on VSMC proliferation. This synergistic effect is induced through a stimulation of nuclear protein import via HSP60 and an activation of the MAPK pathway.
The Periplasmic Chaperone Skp Facilitates Targeting, Insertion, and Folding of OmpA into Lipid Membranes with a Negative Membrane Surface Potential (2009)

The basic biochemical and biophysical principles by which chaperone-bound membrane proteins are targeted to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria for insertion and folding are unknown. Here we compare spontaneous folding of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Escherichia coli from its urea-unfolded form and from the complex with its periplasmic chaperone Skp into lipid bilayers. Skp facilitated folding of OmpA into negatively charged membranes containing dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG). In contrast, Skp strongly inhibited folding of OmpA when bilayers were composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). These results indicate that the positively charged Skp targets OmpA to a negatively charged membrane, which facilitates the release of OmpA from its complex with Skp for subsequent folding and membrane insertion. The dual functionality of Skp as a chaperone and as a targeting protein is ideal to mediate the transport of OmpA and other outer membrane proteins across the periplasm in a folding-competent form to the outer membrane, which is negatively charged on its periplasmic side. OmpA (pI 5.5) folded most efficiently above its isoelectric point. In the absence of Skp and in contrast to folding into DOPC bilayers, insertion and folding of OmpA were retarded for membranes containing DOPG at neutral or basic pH because of electrostatic repulsion. When folding of OmpA was performed near its isoelectric point, urea dilution led to a more compact aqueous form of OmpA previously characterized by fluorescence, which folded at a much slower rate. Under conditions where two different aqueous conformations of OmpA coexisted, e.g., in the titration region of OmpA, the last step of OmpA folding could be well described by two parallel pseudo-first-order kinetic phases. In this kinetic model, the contribution of the faster folding process, but not the changes in the rate constants, determined the folding yields obtained at different pH. The faster phase dominated when the experimental conditions favored the less compact form of aqueous OmpA.
Contribution of Na+-K+-Cl−cotransporter to high-[K+]o- induced swelling and EAA release in astrocytes (2002)

We hypothesized that high extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)](o))-mediated stimulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) may result in a net gain of K(+) and Cl(-) and thus lead to high-[K(+)](o)-induced swelling and glutamate release. In the current study, relative cell volume changes were determined in astrocytes. Under 75 mM [K(+)](o,) astrocytes swelled by 20.2 +/- 4.9%. This high-[K(+)](o)-mediated swelling was abolished by the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide (10 microM, 1.0 +/- 3.1%; P < 0.05). Intracellular (36)Cl(-) accumulation was increased from a control value of 0.39 +/- 0.06 to 0.68 +/- 0.05 micromol/mg protein in response to 75 mM [K(+)](o). This increase was significantly reduced by bumetanide (P < 0.05). Basal intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) was reduced from 19.1 +/- 0.8 to 16.8 +/- 1.9 mM by bumetanide (P < 0.05). [Na(+)](i) decreased to 8.4 +/- 1.0 mM under 75 mM [K(+)](o) and was further reduced to 5.2 +/- 1.7 mM by bumetanide. In addition, the recovery rate of [Na(+)](i) on return to 5.8 mM [K(+)](o) was decreased by 40% in the presence of bumetanide (P < 0.05). Bumetanide inhibited high-[K(+)](o)-induced (14)C-labeled D-aspartate release by ~50% (P < 0.05). These results suggest that NKCC1 contributes to high-[K(+)](o)-induced astrocyte swelling and glutamate release.
Constrained Flash memory programming (2011)

In NAND Flash memory featuring multi-level cells (MLC), the width of threshold voltage distributions about their nominal values affects the permissible number of levels and thus storage capacity. Unfortunately, inter-cell coupling causes a cell's charge to affect its neighbors' sensed threshold voltage, resulting in an apparent broadening of these distributions. We present a novel approach, whereby the data written to Flash is constrained, e.g., by forbidding certain adjacent-cell level combinations, so as to limit the maximum voltage shift and thus narrow the distributions. To this end, we present a new family of constrained codes. Our technique can serve for capacity enhancement (more levels) or for improving endurance, retention and bit error rate (wider guard bands between adjacent levels). It may also be combined with various programming order techniques that mitigate the inter-cell coupling effects and with decoding techniques that compensate for them.
Mitochondrial energetic metabolism—some general principles (2013)

Abstract Summary In nonphotosynthetic organisms, mitochondria are the power plant of the cell, emphasizing their great potentiality for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis from the redox span between nutrients and oxygen. Also of great importance is their role in the maintenance of the cell redox balance. Even though crystallographic structures of respiratory complexes, ATP synthase, and ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) carrier are now quite well known, the coupling between ATP synthesis and cell redox state remains a controversial issue. In this review, we will present some of the processes that allow a modular coupling between ATP synthesis and redox state. Furthermore, we will present some theoretical approaches of this highly integrated system. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(3):171–179, 2013
Proton‐sensing G protein‐coupled receptors as regulators of cell proliferation and migration during tumor growth and wound healing (2016)

Dysregulation of pH is a feature of both tumor growth and tissue repair. In tumors, microenvironmental changes, like in lactate metabolism, lead to altered intra- and extracellular pH (pH<sub>i</sub> , pH<sub>e</sub> ) and vice versa. In wounds, barrier disruption results in extensive variations in pH<sub>e</sub> on the wound surface. It is known that altered extracellular proton concentrations have a major impact on cell turnover and migration as well as on the metabolic activity of cells involved in tumor spread and wound closure. The proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4, GPR65 (TDAG8), GPR68 (OGR1) and GPR132 (G2A) are activated via a decrease in pH<sub>e</sub> and transduce this signal to molecular intracellular pathways. Based on the current knowledge, we speculate on the role of proton-sensing GPCRs in wound healing and on their potential as mechanistic linkers of tumor growth and tissue repair.
Learning from noisy out-of-domain corpus using dataless classification (2020)

Abstract In real-world applications, text classification models often suffer from a lack of accurately labelled documents. The available labelled documents may also be out of domain, making the trained model not able to perform well in the target domain. In this work, we mitigate the data problem of text classification using a two-stage approach. First, we mine representative keywords from a noisy out-of-domain data set using statistical methods. We then apply a dataless classification method to learn from the automatically selected keywords and unlabelled in-domain data. The proposed approach outperformed various supervised learning and dataless classification baselines by a large margin. We evaluated different keyword selection methods intrinsically and extrinsically by measuring their impact on the dataless classification accuracy. Last but not least, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the behaviour of the classifier and explained why the proposed dataless classification method outperformed supervised learning counterparts.
UTILIZATION OF HEAVY WATER (1951)

Discussions are included on the general theory of pile operation, physical and thermodynamic properties of the uranium oxides, physical properties of uramium oxidewater slurries, reactions of the uranium oxides, and stability of construction materials (2S and 17S-T aluminums; 18-8-S, 18-8-S-Mo, Worthite, Durimet, A-20, Hastelloy A and 18-8 stainless steels; Be--Al alloys; Be; and BeO). (A.G.)
Thin-film silicon and GaAs solar cells (1984)

The growth of thin films of crystalline silicon and GaAs on inexpensive substrates offers the promise of combining the high performance of single crystal solar cells with the low cost of thin-film solar cells. The large number of potential crystal growth processes for achieving the desired structure can be organized into melt growth, vapor phase growth, solid state growth and solution growth. Solution growth offers several advantages for the development of solar cell quality material on dissimilar substrates. Thin solar cell design, the selection criteria that led to the choice of solution growth, a description of the growth stages and the growth of silicon on glass and steel and GaAs on aluminum are described.
Effect of Soil Phosphorous Levels on Phosphate Fractions in Tomato Leaves1 (1970)

Abstract Varying the level of added P to a deficient soil from 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 400 ppm made it possible to study the influence of deficiency, sub-adequate, adequate and excess amounts of P on its distribution into P fractions within tomato leaves. Plant growth response was obtained at P rates up to 100 ppm. The P fractionation data indicated that inorganic phosphate constituted about one quarter of the total plant P even when the plant is deficient in P. The plant did not accumulate phosphate until it was supplied at rates that exceeded requirements of growth and then it was accumulated mainly as inorganic phosphate while the levels of soluble organic P, RNA-P, DNA-P, phospholipid-P and phosphorprotein-P remained unchanged over the entire range of P rates.
Radiotoxicity of Platinum-195m-Labeled trans-Platinum (II) in Mammalian Cells (1994)

The chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity of trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) labeled with 195mPt (trans-195mPt) are investigated to ascertain the potential of radioplatinum coordination complexes as antineoplastic agents. Platinum-195m, with a half-life of about 4 days, is a prolific emitter of low-energy Auger electrons because of the high probability of internal conversion in its isomeric transitions. The kinetics of cellular uptake and retention after incubation and the radiotoxicity of this Auger electron emitter in the form of trans-195mPt is investigated using cells of the Chinese hamster V79 cell line. The cellular uptake of 195mPt reaches a plateau in about 3 to 5 h of incubation and varies nonlinearly with the extracellular concentration of radioactivity. The radioactivity is eliminated from the cells after incubation with an effective half-life of 24 h. Cell survival data, when corrected for the chemical toxicity of nonradiolabeled trans-platinum, give a cell survival curve typical for radiations with high linear energy transfer. At 37% survival, the mean lethal cellular uptake is about 1.0 mBq/cell. Dosimetric considerations, based on subcellular distribution of the radionuclide, yield a value of 4.8 for the relative biological effectiveness when compared with 250 kVp X rays. Theoretical Monte Carlo track-structure calculations indicate that the density of radical species produced in liquid water in the immediate vicinity of a 195mPt decay site is substantially greater than the density of species along the track of a 5.3 MeV alpha particle. This explains qualitatively the efficacy of 195mPt in causing high-LET radiation type biological effects. The extreme radiotoxicity of intranuclearly localized 195mPt, in conjunction with the proclivity of platinum chemotherapy agents to bind to DNA in the cell nucleus, suggests that the combination of chemical effects and the effects of Auger electrons that can be obtained with radioplatinum coordination complexes may have potential in the treatment of cancer.
2′-Deoxy-5-methylisocytidine (2000)

In the title compound, 2-amino-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-methylpyrimidin++ +-4 (1H)-one, C(10)H(15)N(3)O(4), the conformation of the N-glycosidic bond is syn and the 2-deoxyribofuranose moiety adopts an unusual (O)T(1) sugar pucker. The orientation of the exocyclic C4'-C5' bond is +sc (+gauche).
Objective and perceived risk in seismic vulnerability assessment at urban scale (2022)

The assessment of seismic risk in urban areas with high seismicity is certainly one of the most important problems that territorial managers have to face. A reliable evaluation of this risk is the basis for the design of both specific seismic improvement interventions and emergency management plans. Unappropriate seismic risk assessments may provide misleading results and induce bad decisions with relevant economic and social impact. The seismic risk in urban areas is mainly linked to three factors, namely, "hazard", "exposure" and "vulnerability". Hazard measures the potential of an earthquake to produce harm; exposure evaluates the amount of population exposed to harm; vulnerability represents the proneness of considered buildings to suffer damages in case of an earthquake. Estimates of such factors may not always coincide with the perceived risk of the resident population. The propensity to implement structural seismic improvement interventions aimed at reducing the vulnerability of buildings depends significantly on the perceived risk. This paper investigates on the difference between objective and perceived risk and highlights some critical issues. The aim of this study is to calibrate opportune policies, which allow addressing the most appropriate seismic risk mitigation options with reference to current levels of perceived risk. We propose the introduction of a Seismic Policy Prevention index (SPPi). This methodology is applied to a case-study focused on a densely populated district of the city of Catania (Italy).
Multicore fiber sensor for high-temperature applications up to 1000°C (2014)

A novel high temperature sensor based on customized multicore fiber (MCF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor consists of a short, few-centimeter-long segment of MCF spliced between two standard single-mode fibers. Due to interference effects, the transmission spectrum through this fiber chain features sharp and deep notches. Exposing the MCF segment to increasing temperatures of up to 1000°C results in a shift of the transmission notches toward longer wavelengths with a slope of approximately 29 pm/°C at lower temperatures and 52 pm/°C at higher temperatures, enabling temperature measurements with high sensitivity and accuracy. Due to its compact size and mechanical rigidity, the MCF sensor can be subjected to harsh environments. The fabrication of the MCF sensor is straightforward and reproducible, making it an inexpensive fiber device.
The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative program: Experience in Spain. (2018)

310 Background: Patient care quality is a discipline with enormous relevance in today’s healthcare. Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) is a referral worldwide in quality for oncology practices. ECO Foundation is a collaboration of experts representing the major Spanish hospitals involved in the treatment of cancer patients. ECO reached an agreement with QOPI to involve Spanish hospitals in the QOPI program. Methods: Six rounds of data collection have taken place (Fall 2015 to Round 1 2018). Practices had to register online and submit data into the QOPI platform, and ECO Foundation offered all centers the necessary support. 17 Spanish hospitals have participated in the six rounds, and 7 of them have repeated participation. Core and Lung Cancer modules were completed. Results: During the six rounds, 1877 charts were submitted by the Spanish practices. In most of the rounds, the highest scores were: Pathology report confirming malignancy, Number of chemotherapy cycles documented, Patient consent for chemotherapy and 5 measures of the Lung Cancer module. The lowest scores were: Chemotherapy treatment summary provided to patient within 3 months of chemotherapy end, Chemotherapy treatment summary provided or communicated to practitioner(s) within 3 months of chemotherapy end, Smoking/tobacco use cessation counselling recommended to smokers/tobacco users in past year and Tobacco cessation counselling administered or patient referred in past year. The percentage of participating practices that presented results higher than 70% was successively 64%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the last three rounds. For the 7 hospitals that repeated participation, 3 reported an improvement of their global scores. Regarding QOPI Certification, three Spanish hospitals received this accreditation in September 2017 and one in June 2018. Conclusions: These preliminary results are a good starting point for the continued implementation of the QOPI program in Spain, thus providing a well-structured approach to analyze cancer care. ECO Foundation will continue pursuing excellence and quality with further activities like the QOPI Certification program and Quality Training Program, these being performed for the first time in Spain in 2017 and 2018 respectively.
Photoconductive properties of chemically deposited PbS with dielectric overcoatings (1975)

Overcoatings of Al2O3, As2S3, CdTe, MgF2, SiO, and SiO2 were vacuum deposited on thin-film PbS photodetectors. Overcoating thicknesses were approximately those required to optimize antireflection properties. None of the overcoatings seriously degraded detector properties, although production yields were low with Al2O3, MgF2, and CdTe. The low yields are apparently due to physical incompatibilities of the overcoating and PbS film. Improved detector properties were obtained with As2S3 through a reduction of 1/f noise and passivation to hostile environments. The 1/f noise component is assessed by a comparison of the changes in detector performance parameters upon ’’flashing’’ with the changes theoretically expected for G-R noise-dominated detector.
Inflationary Predictions for Scalar and Tensor Fluctuations Reconsidered (2006)

We reconsider the predictions of inflation for the spectral index of scalar (energy density) fluctuations (ns) and the tensor/scalar ratio (r) using a discrete, model-independent measure of the degree of fine-tuning required to obtain a given combination of (ns, r ). We find that, except for cases with numerous unnecessary degrees of fine-tuning, ns is less than 0.98, measurably different from exact Harrison-Zel'dovich. Furthermore, if ns >or= 0.95, in accord with current measurements, the tensor/scalar ratio satisfies r >or= 10(-2), a range that should be detectable in proposed cosmic microwave background polarization experiments and direct gravitational wave searches.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosations of Hydrazine Derivatives. Part 10. Oxidations of Carbamothioates. Part 11. Reactions of 3‐Aminorhodanines Under Nitrosating Conditions. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reimagining Anticoagulation Clinics in the Era of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (2016)

Anticoagulation clinics were initially developed to provide safe and effective care for warfarin-treated patients with atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and mechanical valve replacement. Traditionally, these patients required ongoing laboratory monitoring and warfarin dose adjustment by expert providers. With the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), many have questioned the need for anticoagulation clinic. However, we think that the growing number of oral anticoagulant choices creates an urgent need for expanding the traditional role of the anticoagulation clinic. We outline 3 key purposes that a reimagined anticoagulation clinic would serve: (1) to assist patients and clinicians with selecting the most appropriate drug and dose from a growing list of anticoagulant options (including warfarin), (2) to help patients minimize the risk of serious bleeding complications with careful long-term monitoring and peri-procedural management, and (3) to encourage ongoing adherence to these life-saving medications. We also describe how repurposing anticoagulation clinics as broader medication safety clinics would promote safe and effective care across a range of cardiovascular conditions for high-risk medications (eg, spironolactone, amiodarone). Finally, we highlight a few existing health systems that are overcoming key challenges to implementing a reimagined anticoagulation or medication safety clinic structure.