gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verbessertes Kaltkathoden‐Ionisationsmanometer mit verlängerter Lebensdauer (2006)

Abstract Wird ein Kaltkathoden‐Ionisationsmanometer in einer kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gasatmosphäre bei hohen Drücken im Vakuumbereich betrieben, dann wird die mittlere Lebensdauer des Manometers durch eine Kontamination der Elektroden und damit durch eine starke Veränderung der Entladungsstrom‐Druck‐Kennlinie begrenzt. Infolgedessen liefert das Messgerät nach einer gewissen Betriebszeit entweder keine verlässliche Druckanzeige mehr oder kann im ungünstigsten Fall ganz ausfallen. Im Folgendem wird ein verbessertes Kaltkathoden‐Ionisationsvakuummeter vom inversen Magnetron‐Typ vorgestellt, welches speziell für den Langzeitbetrieb in stark kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Restgasatmosphären konzipiert wurde. Der Messkopf weist bei annähernd konstanter Messgenauigkeit eine mindestens 3‐fach höhere Lebensdauer als kommerziell erhältliche Kaltkathoden‐Messröhren auf. Erreicht wurde dies durch die Verwendung zweier getrennter Entladungskammern in einem gemeinsamen Messröhrengehäuse, wobei die am Röhreneingang positionierte Entladungszone lediglich als Ionenbaffle wirkt und die weiter innen liegende Entladung als Messgrundlage fungiert. Es werden der Prototyp des entwickelten kontaminationsarmen inversen Doppelmagnetrons vorgestellt und Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Langzeitmessverhalten präsentiert.
The Anti-cancer Actions of Vitamin D (2012)

Vitamin D3 is biologically inert. To become active, it requires two successive hydroxylation steps catalyzed by two cytochrome P450 enzymes, first to synthesize the pro-hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and then the active hormone 1α,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3]. 1α,25(OH)2D3 has high affinity for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor and a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Through VDR, 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulates more than 200 genes in mammals, including those involved in the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, immune function, reproduction, cardiovascular, central nerve system, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Due to its versatile roles in maintaining and regulating normal cellular phenotypes and functions, 1α,25(OH)2D3 has been implicated as an anti-cancer agent. In fact, ecological and epidemiologic data have linked vitamin D deficiency with the incidence and mortality of many types of cancer. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo animal model studies have clearly demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D. In this review, we describe the anticancer actions of vitamin D, with special emphasis on different pathways underlying the VDR-mediated genomic as well as less-defined non-genomic actions of vitamin D.
Single-pass parallel prefix scan with dynamic look back (2023)

One embodiment of the present invention performs a parallel prefix scan in a single pass that incorporates variable look-back. A parallel processing unit (PPU) subdivides a list of inputs into sequentially-ordered segments and assigns each segment to a streaming multiprocessor (SM) included in the PPU. Notably, the SMs may operate in parallel. Each SM executes write operations on a segment descriptor that includes the status, aggregate, and inclusive-prefix associated with the assigned segment. Further, each SM may execute read operations on segment descriptors associated with other segments. In operation, each SM may perform reduction operations to determine a segment-wide aggregate, may perform look-back operations across multiple preceding segments to determine an exclusive-prefix, and may perform a scan seeded with the exclusive prefix to generate output data. Advantageously, the PPU performs one read operation per input, thereby reducing the time required to execute the prefix scan relative to prior-art parallel implementations.
Search Computing (2009)

“Who are the strongest European competitors on software ideas? Who is the best doctor to cure insomnia in a nearby hospital? Where can I attend an interesting conference in my field closest to a sunny beach?" This information is available on the Web, but no software system can accept such queries nor compute the answer. We hereby propose search computing as a new multi-disciplinary science which will provide the abstractions, foundations, methods, and tools required to answer these and many similar queries. While state-of-art search systems answer generic or domain-specific queries, search computing enables answering questions via a constellation of dynamically selected, cooperating, search services. Search computing requires innovation in software principles, languages, interfaces, and protocols, as well as contributions from other sciences such as mathematics, operations research, psychology, sociology, economical and legal sciences.
Fluoride Contamination in Water of Koshi Region (Bihar) (2009)

Water is a prime natural resource, a basic human need and a precious national asset. Natural water always contains dissolved and suspended substances of organic and mineral origin. Water is polluted with metabolites of aquatic plants and animals and the products of their decay. All these cause so many water borne diseases. The excessive amount of fluoride in water and environment is harmful. The quality and availability of water depend on the way, We use and misuse this precious resource, which is the most important life supporting substance. The present study has been undertaken for the determination of fluoride in drinking water collected at rondom from Koshi region. The fluoride concentration values vary from 0.6 mg/L to 1.6 mg/L. In the affected areas, it was found that citizens are suffering with different types of fluorosis. Authors have suggested the people to use generally alum and lime to avoid all types of fluorosis.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Fractional Slotfive Phase Induction Motor (2020)

Abstract In induction motor, fractional slot winding can not produce high quality traveling wave field, its application is limited. There are only a few researches on the fractional slot poly phase induction motor. In this paper, a five phase induction motor with fractional slot is designed by traditional magnetic circuit method, the mathematical model is given, and two kinds of winding forms are designed. The correctness of the motor design is verified by simulation. After that, the research of fractional slot five phase induction motor laid the foundation of studies on fractional slot five phase induction motor.
Epigenetic Regulation of Tumor Endothelial Cell Anergy: Silencing of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 by Histone Modifications (2006)

Tumors can escape from immunity by repressing leukocyte adhesion molecule expression on tumor endothelial cells and by rendering endothelial cells unresponsive to inflammatory activation. This endothelial cell anergy is induced by angiogenic growth factors and results in reduced leukocyte-vessel wall interactions, thereby attenuating infiltration of leukocytes into the tumor. This report describes a novel mechanism of endothelial cell anergy regulation. We recently reported that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have angiostatic activity. Here, we studied whether epigenetic mechanisms regulate this angiogenesis-mediated escape from immunity. We found that DNMT inhibitors 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and zebularine, as well as HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A, reexpressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on tumor-conditioned endothelial cells in vitro, resulting in restored leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. In addition, treatment with DNMT or HDAC inhibitors in vivo also restored ICAM-1 expression on tumor endothelial cells from two different mouse tumor models. Furthermore, leukocyte-vessel wall interactions in mouse tumors were increased by these compounds, as measured by intravital microscopy, resulting in enhanced leukocyte infiltration. We show that ICAM-1 down-regulation in tumor endothelial cells is associated with ICAM-1 promoter histone H3 deacetylation and loss of histone H3 Lys(4) methylation but not with DNA hypermethylation. In conclusion, our data show that ICAM-1 is epigenetically silenced in tumor endothelial cells by promoter histone modifications, which can be overcome by DNMT and HDAC inhibitors, suggesting a new molecular mechanism based on which novel therapeutic approaches for cancer can be pursued.
Healthy hearts at hectic pace: From daily life stress to abnormal cardiomyocyte function and arrhythmias (2018)

The hectic pace of contemporary life is a major source of acute and chronic stress, which may have a deleterious impact on body health . In the field of cardiovascular disease, acute emotional stress has been associated with coronary spasm and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, whereas the manifestations of chronic stress have been overlooked, and most underlying pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. Chronic stress affects the neuronal circuitry composed of cortico-limbic structures and the nuclei regulating autonomic function, eliciting a sympatho-vagal imbalance, characterised by adrenergic activation and vagal withdrawal. Sympathetic terminals are connected to cardiomyocytes in a quasi-synaptic way, producing the so called 'neuro-cardiac junction'. During chronic stress, norepinephrine release is increased, leading to overstimulation of cardiomyocytes via β<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors, influencing mainly calcium dynamics, and β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic receptors, which control housekeeping functions. The circadian rhythm of cardiomyocytes is then impaired, with elongation of the catabolic ('light' phase) over the anabolic ('nocturnal') phase. This leads to a depletion of cell energy storage, and a decreased turnover of cell constituents. Even cell interactions are affected, as coupling between cardiomyocytes decreases while coupling between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts increases. The ultimate results are changes in the shape and velocity of action potential, fibroblast activation and deposition of extracellular matrix. These alterations may predispose to arrhythmias and may favour the development of a stress-related cardiomyopathy. A better comprehension of this cascade of events may allow us to identify screening protocols and treatment strategies (meditation, yoga, physical activity, psychological assistance, β-blockers) to prevent or relieve ongoing cardiac damage.
<title>Importance of image quality for computing texture features in biomedical specimens</title> (1990)

Quantitative descriptions of features offer an objective cell classification. In addition, quantitative analysis is ideally suited for automated screening of samples for diseased (transformed) cells. More recently, it has been shown that subtle changes of DNA distribution in the nucleus can be detected by quantitative analysis which escape human detection . A key issue in quantitative analysis is the quality of the digital image which must be captured for such analysis . This paper focuses on the affect of image quality on the very important features--texture features--which have been shown to be the most powerful classifiers in quantitative pathology . Image quality affects these features in a direct and indirect way. The latter is the result of an effect on texture features by the segmentation process which in turn strongly depends on image quality.
Carbon nanotube/epoxy submicron filaments for composite reinforcement applications (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0401.vid This manuscript represents a new approach to fabricate the aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced epoxy filaments using an electrospinning process. In this approach the CNT/epoxy mixture has been made without any thermoplastic polymer additives, thus the desired viscosity for electrospinning has been achieved by semi-curing CNT/epoxy solution. The diameter of fabricated filaments can be tuned to be as low as 100 nm and aligned CNT network has been developed inside its structure. By incorporating a low amount of CNT into epoxy, better structural, electrical, and thermal stability were achieved.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Systemic Administration of a Novel Immune-Stimulatory Pseudovirion Suppresses Lung Metastatic Melanoma by Regionally Enhancing IFN-γ Production (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 58K, Sucrose gradient sedimentation of ZZ-scIL-12 and wt-HVJ-E.&lt;/p&gt;
Soliton dynamics in the Gross–Pitaevskii equation : splitting, collisions and interferometry (2014)

Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive interactions have stable 1D solutions in the form of bright solitary-waves. These solitary waves behave, in the absence of external potentials, like macroscopic quantum particles. This opens up a wide array of applications for the testing of quantum mechanical behaviours and precision measurement. Here we investigate these applications with particular focus on the interactions of bright solitary-waves with narrow potential barriers. We first study bright solitons in the Gross–Pitaevskii equation as they are split on Gaussian and δ-function barriers, and then on Gaussian barriers in a low energy system. We present analytic and numerical results determining the general region in which a soliton may not be split on a finite width potential barrier. Furthermore, we test the sensitivity of the system to quantum fluctuations. We then study fast-moving bright solitons colliding at a narrow Gaussian potential barrier. In the limiting case of a δ-function barrier, we show analytically that the relative norms of the outgoing waves depends sinusoidally on the relative phase of the incoming waves, and determine whether the outgoing waves are bright solitons. We use numerical simulations to show that outside the high velocity limit nonlinear effects introduce a skew to the phase-dependence. Finally, we use these results to analyse the process of soliton interferometry. We develop analyses of both toroidal and harmonic trapping geometries for Mach–Zehnder interferometry, and then two implementations of a toroidal Sagnac inter- ferometer, also giving the analytical determination of the Sagnac phase in such systems. These results are again verified numerically. In the Mach–Zehnder case, we again probe the systems sensitivity to quantum fluctuations.
Density perturbations in transonic sluing laser beams (1975)

A linearized theory is presented for density perturbations in a two-dimensional laser beam as a function of cross-flow Mach number and time after beam turn-on. All times and Mach numbers are considered. A closed-form solution is presented for uniform heating in a circular beam with M = 1. The results are compared with the corresponding one-dimensional solution. The time scale to reach steady state and the order of magnitude of the steady-state density perturbation when M approximately = 1 are deduced by consideration of nonlinear effects. A qualitative discussion is then given of the variation of the density perturbation along a sluing beam.
RTWPMS: A Real-Time Wireless Physiological Monitoring System (2006)

This paper demonstrates the design and implementation of a real-time wireless physiological monitoring system for nursing centers, whose function is to monitor online the physiological status of aged patients via wireless communication channel and wired local area network. The collected data, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate, can then be stored in the computer of a network management center to facilitate the medical staff in a nursing center to monitor in real time or analyze in batch mode the physiological changes of the patients under observation. Our proposed system is bidirectional, has low power consumption, is cost effective, is modular designed, has the capability of operating independently, and can be used to improve the service quality and reduce the workload of the staff in a nursing center.
Adaptive streak artifact reduction in computed tomography resulting from excessive x‐ray photon noise (1998)

The quality of a computed tomography (CT) image is often degraded by streaking artifacts resulting from excessive x-ray quantum noise. Often, a patient has to be rescanned at a higher technique or at a larger slice thickness in order to obtain an acceptable image for diagnosis. This results in a higher dose to the patient, a degraded cross plane resolution, or a reduced patient throughput. In this paper, we propose an adaptive filtering approach in Radon space based on the local statistical properties of the CT projections. We first model the noise characteristics of a projection sample undergoing important preprocessing steps. A filter is then designed such that its parameters are dynamically adjusted to adapt to the local noise characteristics. Because of the adaptive nature of the filter, a proper balance between streak artifact suppression and spatial resolution preservation is achieved. Phantom and clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the robustness of our approach. Results demonstrate that the adaptive filtering approach is effective in reducing or eliminating quantum noise induced artifacts in CT. At the same time, the impact on the spatial resolution is kept at a low level.
Solvent Deposition of Titanium Dioxide on Acrylic for Photocatalytic Application (2007)

Nanoscale TiO2 was dispersed in a solution of dichloromethane and methanol for deposition on the surface of acrylic sheets. After evaporation of the solvent, the TiO2 was adhered firmly to the acrylic surface. This deposition method yielded uniform, high surface area coatings as evidenced by scanning electron micrographs. The TiO2 films deposited on acrylic in this manner have superior durability when compared to TiO2 deposited on glass supports. The TiO2 fused on the acrylic surface manifests a comparable photocatalytic activity to TiO2 deposited directly on glass and a markedly higher activity than TiO2 deposited on glass with a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder. A photocatalytic reactor was constructed from the TiO2−acrylic composite materials, and the applicability of this deposition technique was demonstrated by the 97% degradation of methyl orange in 2.0 L of a 13 ppm solution after 500 min of photoexposure.
Gradient Index Optics at DARPA (2013)

Abstract : The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is interested in developing optical materials and related technologies to meet the challenge of cost-effective, reproducible, large-scale manufacturing. Modern optical systems have many individual lens elements and are often complex, bulky, and heavy. In 2002, DARPA initiated the Bio-Optic Synthetic Systems (BOSS) program, which was aimed at simplifying complex optical sensors. The goal of the program was to understand and synthesize the components of a biologically inspired vision system that would demonstrate a level of performance beyond standard optical imaging systems, with reduced size and complexity. Under the BOSS program, DARPA focused its interest on the nanolayer GRIN lens technology. Out of more than a dozen exploratory efforts, four were selected for further development and demonstration: fluidic adaptive zoom lenses, foveated imaging, photon sieves, and nanolayer lenses. However, limited manufacturing capabilities still hindered the practical applications of GRIN lenses. In 2008, DARPA initiated the Manufacturable Gradient Index Optics (M-GRIN) program to address the development of low-cost, customizable GRIN-based optics for use in a variety of military systems. This document briefly outlines the history of optical instruments, addresses bio-inspiration in optics (relying on exploiting what has been developed by nature) and nanolayer GRIN lens technology, and concludes with a discussion of the M-GRIN program.
Aconitase Causes Iron Toxicity in Drosophila pink1 Mutants (2013)

The PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrial kinase, and pink1 mutations cause early onset Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans. Loss of pink1 in Drosophila leads to defects in mitochondrial function, and genetic data suggest that another PD-related gene product, Parkin, acts with pink1 to regulate the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy). Consequently, pink1 mutants show an accumulation of morphologically abnormal mitochondria, but it is unclear if other factors are involved in pink1 function in vivo and contribute to the mitochondrial morphological defects seen in specific cell types in pink1 mutants. To explore the molecular mechanisms of pink1 function, we performed a genetic modifier screen in Drosophila and identified aconitase (acon) as a dominant suppressor of pink1. Acon localizes to mitochondria and harbors a labile iron-sulfur [4Fe-4S] cluster that can scavenge superoxide to release hydrogen peroxide and iron that combine to produce hydroxyl radicals. Using Acon enzymatic mutants, and expression of mitoferritin that scavenges free iron, we show that [4Fe-4S] cluster inactivation, as a result of increased superoxide in pink1 mutants, results in oxidative stress and mitochondrial swelling. We show that [4Fe-4S] inactivation acts downstream of pink1 in a pathway that affects mitochondrial morphology, but acts independently of parkin. Thus our data indicate that superoxide-dependent [4Fe-4S] inactivation defines a potential pathogenic cascade that acts independent of mitophagy and links iron toxicity to mitochondrial failure in a PD-relevant model.
Supplementary Table S6 from <i>(R)</i>-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in <i>IDH</i>-Mutant Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S6 shows the mutational profiles of the primary AML patient samples subjected to H3K4me3 ChIP-seq.&lt;/p&gt;
TheArabidopsis thalianaTranscription Factor AtMYB102 Functions in Defense Against The Insect HerbivorePieris rapae (2006)

In Arabidopsis thaliana the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family consists of over 100 members and is implicated in many biological processes, such as plant development, metabolism, senescence, and defense. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene AtMYB102 has been shown to respond to salt stress, ABA, JA, and wounding, suggesting that AtMYB102 plays a role in the response of plants to dehydration after wounding. Here, we studied the role of AtMYB102 in the response of A. thaliana to feeding by larvae of the white cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae. A. thaliana reporter lines expressing GUS under control of the AtMYB102 promoter revealed that AtMYB102 is expressed locally at the feeding sites of herbivore-damaged leaves, but not systemically in uninfested plant parts. Knockout AtMYB102 transposon-insertion mutant plants (myb102) allowed a faster development of P. rapae caterpillars than wild-type Col-0 plants. Moreover, the number of caterpillars that had developed into pupae within 14 days was significantly higher on myb102, indicating that in wild-type plants AtMYB102 contributes to basal resistance against P. rapae feeding. Microarray analysis of wild-type Col-0 and AtMYB102 overexpressing 35S::MYB102 plants revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes. Besides several defense-related genes, a relatively large number of genes is associated with cell wall modifications.