gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydronium Ions Stabilized in a Titanate-Layered Structure with High Ionic Conductivity: Application to Aqueous Proton Batteries (2020)

Proton chemistry is a fascinating field with both fundamental and applied aspects. The development of solid-state proton conductors relying on abundant elements could help bring these two aspects. In this scope, we synthesized a disordered structure which, as revealed by the real-space refinement of the pair distribution function, has been identified to be the trititanate arrangement. The layered structure is stabilized by the presence of hydronium ions and water molecules located in the interlayer space. This compound displays a high ionic conductivity of 4·10–2 S/m with an activation energy of 0.24 eV, assigned to H+ mobility as shown by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Proton mobility was further evidenced by solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Density functional theory calculations revealed that proton transfer occurs both within the interlayer space and with terminal oxide of the titanate framework through a Grotthuss-based mechanism rationalizing the high conductivity measured experimentally. Finally, we investigated the electrochemical properties with respect to the proton as a charge carrier using proton-free (KCl) and proton-donor (buffer acetic acid) electrolytes. The results showed that the structure can reversibly intercalate protons at a very high rate opening existing perspectives in the development of negative electrode materials for aqueous proton batteries. Overall, this study helps better understand the proton transfer mechanism occurring in a confined layered-type structure.
Analysis of the expression of candidate genes for type 1 diabetes susceptibility in T cells (2014)

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Currently, approximately 50 type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes or chromosomal regions have been identified. However, the functions of type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes in T cells are elusive. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes and T-cell signaling. The expression levels of 22 candidate type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes in T cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD), control C57BL/6 (B6), and NOD-control F1 hybrid mice were analyzed in response to 2 key immunoregulatory cytokines: interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Exogenous gene expression studies were also performed in EL4 and Jurkat E6.1 T-cell lines. Significant differences in the expression of Clec16a, Dlk1, Il2, Ptpn22, Rnls, and Zac1 (also known as Plagl1) were observed in T cells derived from the 3 strains of mice, and TGF-β differentially influenced the expression of Ctla4, Foxp3, Il2, Ptpn22, Sh2b3, and Zac1. We found that TGF-β induced Zac1 expression in both primary T cells and EL4 cells and that exogenous expression of Zac1 and ZAC1 in T-cell lines altered the expression of Il2 and DLK1, respectively. The results of our study indicate the possibility that additional genetic pathways underlying type 1 diabetes susceptibility, including those involving Clec16a, Dlk1, Rnls, Sh2b3, and Zac1 under IL-2 and TGF-β signaling in T cells, may be shared between human and NOD mice.
Characterization of Silicon Heterojunctions on Multicrystalline Absorbers Using Injection-Dependent Photoluminescence Imaging (2012)

Multicrystalline silicon solar cells composed of silicon heterojunctions and a transparent conductive oxide show various characteristics only visible through spatially resolved and injection-dependent measurements. Injection-dependent photoluminescence imaging calibrated with the quasi-steady-state photo conductance technique was used to visualize such effects caused by the interaction between the transparent conductive layer, the silicon heterojunction and the multicrystalline silicon absorber. By this means bulk recombination as well as passivation quality of the heterojunction could be locally analyzed. Shunting effects could be revealed, as well as implications on pseudo fill factors of locally different regions within the multicrystalline absorber. A comparison with Suns-Voc measurements shows that the contactless method of injection-dependent photoluminescence imaging (Suns-PLI) offers an appropriate method for characterizing this solar cell concept.
Magnetically Guided Devices for Vascular Exploration and Treatment (1974)

The authors review the significant recent advances in the technology of magnetic instrumentation relevant to intravascular guidance. “Segmental progression” of intravascular catheters under the effect of an alternating magnetic field is described and documented by high-speed cinematography. The magnetic catheter electrode was used in the laboratory and clinically for monitoring intracranial electroencephalograms and for producing electrothrombosis of inoperable arterial aneurysms. The most promising application seems to be selective vascular occlusion for the treatment of vascular lesions by the deposition of a discrete embolus or an intravascular adhesive.
Electrodeposition of Fe‒C Alloys from Baths Containing Dicarboxylic Acids with a Linear Alkyl Chain (1996)

Fe‒C alloys were electrodeposited at high current efficiencies from solutions containing a dicarboxylic acid with a linear alkyl chain, represented by (n = 0 to 7). The carbon contents of the deposits ranged from 0.1 to 3.7 weight percent (w/o), depending on the acid added to the bath. The hardness of the deposits sharply increased to a maximum value of HV 850 with increasing carbon content up to 0.6 w/o and progressively decreased at higher carbon contents. The deposits having carbon contents above 0.5 w/o exhibited a black color, because carbon‐rich alloys deposited through the black oxide films in a state similar to FeO containing an organic acid or its degradation products. Fe‒C alloy deposits had a body‐centered tetragonal, martensite‐type lattice with interstitial carbon atoms, and the axial ratios increased with increasing carbon content of the deposits. The high hardness of the Fe‒C alloy deposits is mainly attributed to the solid solution hardening by interstitial carbon atoms in the martensite‐type lattice. The larger grain size and FeO occluded in the bulk of the carbon‐rich deposits caused the decrease in hardness with increasing carbon content.
BRAF as a therapeutic target: a patent review (2006 – 2012) (2013)

Whilst these first-generation BRAF inhibitors initially mediate excellent responses in late stage or unresectable melanoma patients bearing the V600 mutation, resistance usually occurs and patients eventually relapse. The patent literature for new BRAF inhibitors and therapies reflects the desire to develop second-generation drugs able to overcome this resistance and combination treatments that increase the efficiency of current mutant BRAF inhibitors.
Key Technology Research on Intelligent CAPP System Based on PDM (2010)

The multi-level parts feature information modeling and process feature information modeling were proposed to realize the integration of CAD / CAPP based on PDM framework, which was built on the analysis for the processing characteristics of shaft parts of printing press. By developing automatic sequencing expert system for the shaft parts of printing press, the dynamic model of manufacturing resource and the model of step parameters, the automatic calculation of process parameters and intelligent process planning based on feature was achieved.
In Vivo Microscopic Approaches for Facial Melanocytic Lesions after Quality-Switched Ruby Laser Therapy: Time-Sequential Imaging of Melanin and Melanocytes of Solar Lentigo in Asian Skin (2010)

Optical techniques facilitate the evaluation of the in vivo dynamics of epidermal-melanocytic changes in solar lentigo after QSRL therapy and may be useful for monitoring outcomes after laser irradiation.
Pre-clinical evaluation of novel electrospun patches for intra-oral drug delivery (2016)

This is a repository copy of Pre-clinical evaluation of novel electrospun patches for intra-oral drug delivery.
Low-molecular-weight cyclin E: the missing link between biology and clinical outcome (2004)

Cyclin E, a key mediator of transition during the G1/S cellular division phase, is deregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. Our group recently reported that overexpression and generation of low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms of cyclin E were associated with poor clinical outcome among breast cancer patients. However, the link between LMW cyclin E biology in mediating a tumorigenic phenotype and clinical outcome is unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we assessed the role of LMW isoforms in breast cancer cells; we found that these forms of cyclin E induced genomic instability and resistance to p21, p27, and antiestrogens in breast cancer. These findings suggest that high levels of LMW isoforms of cyclin E not only can predict failure to endocrine therapy but also are true prognostic indicators because of their influence on cell proliferation and genetic instability.
A systems integration perspective to manufacturing modelling and simulation (2010)

Electronics manufacturing, and manufacturing in general, has become a challenging sector due to prevailing global pressures. To be able to thrive, companies need powerful analysis methods to support design. Modelling and simulation approaches are key in this context and previous proposals have provided valuable support for manufacturing systems design. However, further improvements can still be achieved in terms of systems integration. Complete and integrated representations of manufacturing systems in a single model are required to enable more complete and realistic analyses. The integration of models of different manufacturing systems in a supply chain should also be facilitated to allow wider scope analyses In this work two concepts are proposed to improve these points. The first concept is an integrated modelling framework that considers the most relevant parts of a manufacturing system in an integrated manner. The second concept is the development of simulation software following hierarchical and object oriented principles. These concepts lead to the implementation of a simulation tool called INMOST. The modelling and simulation capabilities of INMOST in terms of systems integration was tested in a case study and compared to an approach typically used in the industry. The results prove the potential benefits achieved through the concepts proposed.
Apoptosis and Autoimmune Disorders (2003)

Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a central role in regulating not only the development of lymphocytes but also in their homeostasis. A breakdown in apoptosis related signaling mechanisms could result in the development of autoimmune disorders. The past decade has witnessed an explosive increase in knowledge with respect to various apoptotic signaling pathways and their aberrant behavior in autoimmune disorders. Although Fas/FasL mediated signaling appears to be a common paradigm that has emerged from studies in various autoimmune disorders, examples suggesting a role for other cell death pathways have also surfaced. Understanding the definitive role of apoptosis in various autoimmune disorders is likely to define novel targets for future therapeutic intervention.
Kindler syndrome with severe mucosal involvement in a large Palestinian pedigree (2015)

The high rate of mucosal involvement, its early onset and progressive course are noticeable features of our kindred. Also noteworthy is the lack of muco-cutaneous malignancies, despite the sunny habitat.
Atomic force microscopy observation of a helical poly(phenylacetylene) bearing aza‐18‐crown‐6 ether pendants induced by amino acids (2004)

The structure and morphology of a stereoregular, cis–transoidal poly(phenylacetylene) bearing bulky aza-18-crown-6 ether pendants were investigated on a solid surface with atomic force microscopy. The isolated single strands and helically twisted conformations of this polymer with and without alanine could be directly observed on mica. The polymers complexed with L-alanine and D-alanine predominantly formed right- and left-handed helical conformations, respectively.
Onyx embolization in distal dissecting posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms (2015)

Angiographic, diagnostic imaging, and clinical results of our small series indicate that Onyx embolization of dissecting distal PICA aneurysms with parent artery preservation is an effective option with acceptable morbidity and mortality rate, in those cases in which surgical clipping or endovascular coiling of the aneurysmal sac is not suitable.
Risk of invasive fungal infections in patients with high‐risk MDS and AML receiving hypomethylating agents (2020)

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a significant source of morbidity and mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Given the heterogeneity of the population receiving hypomethylating agents (HMA), it is difficult for clinicians to accurately assess their patients' risk of infection. Literature on the incidence of IFI following HMA is limited to several studies of azacitidine. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to establish the incidence of IFI in HMA treated AML/MDS patients at a large U.S. comprehensive cancer center. Secondary objectives included comparing incidence of IFI among pre-specified subgroups to identify potential risk factors for IFI. Two hundred three patients with AML, intermediate to very high risk MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who received at least two cycles of HMA were included. The incidence of IFI, as defined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer / Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group criteria, was 9.6%, with 20 IFI diagnosed following HMA (three proven, four probable, 13 possible). Among the proven cases of IFI, molds included Scedosporium and Fusarium spp. Eleven patients who developed IFIs were neutropenic upon initiating HMA. The majority (17/20) of infections occurred during the first four cycles. Given this incidence, mold-active prophylaxis can be considered in patients who are neutropenic at the start of therapy.
Evidence for chronic, peripheral activation of neutrophils in polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Although strong epidemiologic evidence suggests an important role for adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), there remain many aspects of the disease that suggest equally important contributions of the innate immune system. We used gene expression arrays and computer modeling to examine the function in neutrophils of 25 children with polyarticular JRA. Computer analysis identified 712 genes that were differentially expressed between patients and healthy controls. Computer-assisted analysis of the differentially expressed genes demonstrated functional connections linked to both interleukin (IL)-8- and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-regulated processes. Of special note is that the gene expression fingerprint of children with active JRA remained essentially unchanged even after they had responded to therapy. This result differed markedly from our previously reported work, in which gene expression profiles in buffy coats of children with polyarticular JRA reverted to normal after disease control was achieved pharmacologically. These findings suggest that JRA neutrophils remain in an activated state even during disease quiescence. Computer modeling of array data further demonstrated disruption of gene regulatory networks in clusters of genes modulated by IFN-gamma and IL-8. These cytokines have previously been shown to independently regulate the frequency (IFN-gamma) and amplitude (IL-8) of the oscillations of key metabolites in neutrophils, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and superoxide ion. Using real-time, high-speed, single-cell photoimaging, we observed that 6/6 JRA patients displayed a characteristic defect in 12% to 23% of the neutrophils tested. Reagents known to induce only frequency fluctuations of NAD(P)H and superoxide ion induced both frequency and amplitude fluctuations in JRA neutrophils. This is a novel finding that was observed in children with both active (n = 4) and inactive (n = 2) JRA. A subpopulation of polyarticular JRA neutrophils are in a chronic, activated state, a state that persists when the disease is well controlled pharmacologically. Furthermore, polyarticular JRA neutrophils exhibit an intrinsic defect in the regulation of metabolic oscillations and superoxide ion production. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that neutrophils play an essential role in the pathogenesis of polyarticular JRA.
In Site Bioimaging of Hydrogen Sulfide Uncovers Its Pivotal Role in Regulating Nitric Oxide-Induced Lateral Root Formation (2014)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gasotransmitter in mammals. Despite physiological changes induced by exogenous H2S donor NaHS to plants, whether and how H2S works as a true cellular signal in plants need to be examined. A self-developed specific fluorescent probe (WSP-1) was applied to track endogenous H2S in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots in site. Bioimaging combined with pharmacological and biochemical approaches were used to investigate the cross-talk among H2S, nitric oxide (NO), and Ca(2+) in regulating lateral root formation. Endogenous H2S accumulation was clearly associated with primordium initiation and lateral root emergence. NO donor SNP stimulated the generation of endogenous H2S and the expression of the gene coding for the enzyme responsible for endogenous H2S synthesis. Scavenging H2S or inhibiting H2S synthesis partially blocked SNP-induced lateral root formation and the expression of lateral root-related genes. The stimulatory effect of SNP on Ca(2+) accumulation and CaM1 (calmodulin 1) expression could be abolished by inhibiting H2S synthesis. Ca(2+) chelator or Ca(2+) channel blocker attenuated NaHS-induced lateral root formation. Our study confirmed the role of H2S as a cellular signal in plants being a mediator between NO and Ca(2+) in regulating lateral root formation.
Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Antibiotic Persistence in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (2023)

Antibiotic persistence refers to the capacity of small bacterial subpopulations to transiently tolerate high doses of bactericidal antibiotics. Upon bactericidal antibiotic treatment, the bulk of the bacterial population is rapidly killed. This first rapid phase of killing is followed by a substantial decrease in the rate of killing as the persister cells remain viable. Classically, persistence is determined at the population level by time/kill assays performed with high doses of antibiotics and for defined exposure times. While this method provides information about the level of persister cells and the killing kinetics, it fails to reflect the intrinsic cell-to-cell heterogeneity underlying the persistence phenomenon. The protocol described here combines classical time/kill assays with single-cell analysis using real-time fluorescence microscopy. By using appropriate fluorescent reporters, the microscopy imaging of live cells can provide information regarding the effects of the antibiotic on cellular processes, such as chromosome replication and segregation, cell elongation, and cell division. Combining population and single-cell analysis allows for the molecular and cellular characterization of the persistence phenotype.
Low-Complexity High-Order Vector-Based Mismatch Shaping in Multibit <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> ADCs (2011)

This paper presents a new vector-based mismatch-shaping technique for multibit ΔΣ analog-to-digital converters. It has low hardware complexity, which only linearly grows with the number of unit digital-to-analog converter elements. Compared with the existing low-complexity vector-based technique, this technique does not require extra filters and has much better mismatch-shaping effect and stability. Simulations under various conditions prove its validity.
Assessment of Urea and Other Uremic Markers for Quantification of Dialysis Efficacy (1992)

To validate azotemic markers as an index for intradialytic changes in solute concentration, we compared eight solutes (pseudouridine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, peak 4, peak 5, p-hydroxyhippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and hippuric acid) with five classical azotemic markers (urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, and potassium). We determined concentrations by reversed-phase HPLC coupled to ultraviolet absorption or photometrically. Seven compounds showed significant intercorrelation (P less than 10(-5)): urea, pseudouridine, uric acid, peaks 4 and 5, p-hydroxyhippuric acid, and creatinine. The hippuric acid concentration change after dialysis correlated with the change for these seven compounds and also with indoxyl sulfate, hypoxanthine, potassium, and the group of unidentified ultraviolet-absorbing HPLC peaks accumulating in uremia. We conclude that urea only partially represents the concentration changes of other retention compounds after dialysis; alternative markers, e.g., hippurate, should be considered.
Injectable and Natural Humic Acid/Agarose Hybrid Hydrogel for Localized Light-Driven Photothermal Ablation and Chemotherapy of Cancer (2018)

The injection of theranostic drug-laden hydrogels into subcutaneous tumors has proven to be a promising strategy to achieve precise local tumor eradication. Humic acid, a natural product of biochemical decomposition of animal and plant residues, abundantly exists in soils, peats, oceans, etc. In this study, a robust injectable thermoresponsive agarose hydrogel incorporating sodium humate (SH) and doxorubicin (DOX) was constructed as a unique agent for tumor management based on the combined chemo-photothermal therapeutic effect. SH, which strongly absorbs near-infrared (NIR) light, can efficiently convert light energy into thermal energy, induce local hyperthermia and subsequently trigger sustained drug release from the complex of the SH/DOX@hydrogel through a typical gel-sol transition, resulting in enhanced cellular uptake of therapeutic drugs. Moreover, intratumoral injection of the SH/DOX@hydrogel resulted in a simultaneous chemo-photothermal therapeutic effect against solid tumors under NIR laser irradiation, which may collectively prevent tumor recurrence. In addition, the SH/DOX@hydrogel exhibited ultralow systemic toxicity as demonstrated using an animal model. This work provides a promising attempt to develop a low-cost, light-responsive hydrogel for precise tumor therapy, which may also incorporate extra theranostic modules as an advanced platform for the treatment of cancer or other critical diseases.