gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in blood ketone body ratio with reference to graft viability after liver transplantation in rats (1989)

Abstract. Arterial blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate; KBR), which reflects hepatic mitochondria] redox potential, was measured during a 2-week period after orthotopic liver transplantation in three groups of rats: group 1, the isogenic combination of LEW (RT1l) graft to LEW recipient as control; group 2, the allogenic combination of ACI (RT1a) graft to LEW recipient without immunosuppressive treatment; and group 3, the allogenic combination of ACI to LEW with immunosuppressive treatment using cyclosporin (CyA). Isogenic recipients survived indefinitely. Allogenic recipients in group 2 had severe rejection with a mean survival of 10. 3 ± 0. 54 days, while 77. 8% of the allogenic recipients in group 3 survived more than 30 days. KBR of rats surviving more than 2 weeks in groups 1 and 3 gradually increased post-transplantation and was maintained at a high level. By contrast, though KBR in group 2 was restored at 3 days, it gradually fell and remained at a significantly low level (P< 0. 001). It is suggested that KBR provides an accurate indicator for evaluating metabolic viability of the critically deteriorating liver graft accompanied by severe rejection.
[Extensometry and primary anchorage of femur implants. Study of the upper metaphyseal intracortical support of the B.P.R cement-less implant]. (1989)

This study uses extensometry to compare the distribution of strain on a fresh femur before and after implantation of various titanium prostheses: one is a cementless implant with metaphyseal endosteal support; the second is a cemented prosthesis with and without calcar collar contact; the last is a titanium implant with fixation by screens. The precision of the measurements have been improved particularly in the proximal metaphyseal area using bidirectional gauges. The system of loading permits comparison of the different implants and the results obtained with the B.P.R. prosthesis compared with the cemented implant without calcar contact are very close. The effect of the collar appears very limited despite the optimal conditions of the in vivo implantation that improve the calcar-collar contact. The screw implant increases the stress shielding of the proximal area of the femur. The different steps of the experiment illustrate the strain distribution in relation to the implantation of the devices and the contact bone prosthesis. The significant endosteal fixation of the B.P.R. prosthesis in the proximal metaphyseal area allows a better primary anchorage which increases distribution of the stress and therefore results in better secondary fixation by bony ingrowth.
Discovering Common Practice: Using Graph Theory to Compare Harmonic Sequences in Musical Audio Collections (2021)

In recent decades, rapid technological advances have resulted in a huge quantity of readily accessible digital musical recordings. The scope of large corpora presents difficulties for curators but offers new opportunities to musicologists and music theorists. We propose an application of graph theory which enables comparison of harmonic content from musical audio across collections of recordings. We introduce a graph schema wherein the chord sequences of musical recordings are used to create directed, weighted graphs which represent the underlying harmonic structure of the source material. We believe this application of graph theory offers novel advantages over existing approaches: 1) the relative positions of the chords in the time domain are retained, allowing the graphs to represent entire harmonic sequences of musical material, and 2) sequences from multiple sources are combined into a single graph, exposing features which are common to the source musical material, but which may vary or be absent from any particular instance. To test the schema, graphs were generated from recordings of ‘Georgia on My Mind’. We were able to produce examples demonstrating how this schema could be used to identify the essential harmonic framework of the song, to gain insight regarding the usage of chord substitutions by an artist during a single performance of the song, and to compare chord choices by two artists representing two different genres.
How DRM-based content delivery systems disrupt expectations of "personal use" (2003)

We set out to examine whether current, DRM-based online offerings of music and movies accord with consumers' current expectations regarding the personal use of copyrighted works by studying the behavior of six music, and two film online distribution services. We find that, for the most part, the services examined do not accord with expectations of personal use. The DRM-based services studied restrict personal use in a manner inconsistent with the norms and expectations governing the purchase and rental of traditional physical CDs, DVDs, and videocassettes. If adopted by consumers the DRM systems stand to alter the norms governing personal use of copyrighted content and create pitfalls of legal liability for unsuspecting consumers. In conclusion, we present technological and legal considerations which may help current and future DRM system designers better accommodate consumers' expectations of personal use.
Thermal runaway of commercial 18650 Li-ion batteries with LFP and NCA cathodes – impact of state of charge and overcharge (2015)

Destructive thermal ramp experiments with commercial Li-ion batteries at different state of charge were made. Produced gases were quantified and a causing chemical reaction system is proposed.
Enhancing azithromycin antibacterial activity by encapsulation in liposomes/liposomal-N-acetylcysteine formulations against resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli (2020)

<i>E. coli</i> is an <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> that could develop resistance to various antibiotics and become a multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. Options for treating MDR <i>E. coli</i> are limited and the pipeline is somewhat dry when it comes to antibiotics for MDR bacteria, so we aimed to explore more options to help in treating MDR <i>E. coli</i>. The purpose of this study is to examine the synergistic effect of a liposomal formulations of co-encapsulated azithromycin and N-acetylcysteine against <i>E. coli.</i> Liposomal azithromycin (LA) and liposomal azithromycin/N-acetylcysteine (LAN) were compared to free azithromycin. A broth dilution was used to measure the MIC and MBC of both formulations. The biofilm reduction activity, thermal stability measurements, stability studies, and cell toxicity analysis were performed. LA and LAN effectively reduced the MIC of <i>E. coli</i> SA10 strain, to 3 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml respectively. LAN at 1 × MIC recorded a 93.22% effectiveness in reducing an <i>E. coli</i> SA10 biofilm. The LA and LAN formulations were also structurally stable to 212 ± 2 °C and 198 ± 3 °C, respectively. In biological conditions, the formulations were largely stable in PBS conditions; however, they illustrated limited stability in sputum and plasma. We conclude that the formulation presented could be a promising therapy for <i>E. coli</i> resistance circumstances<i>,</i> providing the stability conditions have been enhanced.
Effect of Biaxial Stretching at Temperatures and Strain Histories Comparable to Injection Stretch Blow Moulding on Tensile Modulus for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) (2007)

This study is particularly relevant to the injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) process where PET material is typically biaxially stretched to form bottles for the water and carbonated soft drinks industry. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of biaxial stretching on the mechanical properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) using a custom built biaxial testing machine. An initially amorphous PET sample was prepared via injection moulding to form a square sample (76mm × 76mm) suitable for stretching on the machine. This sample was then subjected to a series of biaxial tests (simultaneous and sequential) within a temperature range between 85°C and 110 °C, strain rates in the range of 1s−1 to 32s−1 and stretch ratios in the range of 1.5 to 3. Specimens were subsequently cut from the biaxial stretched sheets and used to measure the tensile modulus. Results showed that there is almost no effect found for strain rate and temperature on modulus development whilst stretch ratio and mode of deformation played the most important role on modulus development on PET under biaxial deformation.
High-throughput phenotyping technologies allow accurate selection of stay-green (2016)

Improved genotypic performance in water-limited environments relies on traits, like ‘stay-green’, that are robust and repeatable, correlate well across a broader range of target environments and are genetically more tractable than assessment of yield per se. Christopher et al. (see pages 5159–5172) used multi-temporal, Normalised Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) measurements with crop simulation modelling to demonstrate the value of various stay-green phenotype parameters for improving grain yield across different environment types.
Patient-Level DNA Damage and Repair Pathway Profiles and Prognosis After Prostatectomy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer (2016)

DNA damage and repair pathway profiling revealed patient-level variations and the DDR pathways are rarely affected by mutation. A DDR pathway signature showed strong prognostic performance with the long-term outcomes of metastasis-free and overall survival that may be useful for risk stratification of high-risk prostate cancer patients.
Citations or Journal Quality: Which is Rewarded More in the Academic Labor Market? (2015)

Research quality can be evaluated using citations or from the prestige of the journal that publishes the research. Recent studies advocate for more weight on citations, which measure actual impact, while the journal where an article publishes is merely a predictor of whether it was thought likely to have an impact. Yet there is little comprehensive evidence on the role of citations versus journal quality in evaluating research. In this paper we use data on tenured economists in the University of California system to relate their salary to their lifetime publications of 5500 articles in almost 700 different academic journals and to the 140, 000 citations to these articles. The results show little role for citations in affecting faculty salary, with an impact only one-seventh that of a measure of journal publications. The distribution of citations, whether using an h-index or the generalized h-index proposed by Ellison (2013), is also not a significant predictor of salary.
Sex Differences in Presentation but Not in Outcome for ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Sex differences in clinical picture of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome are controversial, except for the known higher prevalence in females. We compared a broad range of potential differences to enable a more accurate understanding of the clinical picture of sex-specific ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. <b>Methods:</b> Cohort study including consecutive patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome from Leiden and Berlin diagnosed between 2000 and 2016. We compared clinical presentation, biochemical parameters, diagnostic tests, surgical outcome, and comorbidities between men and women. <b>Results:</b> We included 130 patients: 37 males and 93 females. With similar cortisol concentrations, ACTH concentrations were higher in males than females at time of diagnosis (median: 116 vs. 57 ng/L). The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in males than in females (48.6 vs. 25.0%), persisting after surgery, with more vertebral fractures (16.2 vs. 5.4%) before surgery. Males showed more anemia (75.9 vs. 36.8%) after surgery. There were no differences in etiology, pituitary tumor size, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, or surgical outcome between sexes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Based on this study, males and females with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome present different clinical patterns. However, these differences do not justify different diagnostic strategies or treatment based on sex, considering the similar surgical outcome. Clinicians should be alert to diagnose accompanying osteoporosis (with fractures) in male patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
Temporal versatility from intercalation-based neuromorphic devices exhibiting 150 mV non-volatile operation (2020)

Memristors are a promising technology to surpass the limitations of the current silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor architecture via the realization of neuromorphic computing. Here, we demonstrate intercalation-based non-volatile lithium niobite (Li1 – xNbO2) memristors for highly scalable, efficient, and dense neuromorphic circuitry. Volatile, semi-volatile, and non-volatile operation is achieved using a single material, where each operational mode provides a timescale that enables short-term, medium-term, and long-term memory in conjunction with computation-in-memory. The two-terminal non-volatile devices exhibit conductance changes of up to ∼2000% and have inherent non-binary operations proportional to flux linkage, allowing for analog neuromorphic functions mimicking synaptic weight updates. It is shown that Li1 – xNbO2 devices are highly scalable due to the intercalation-based mechanism, with non-volatile operation requiring a mere 150 mV for a 4 μm2 device, the lowest reported operating voltage for an inorganic non-volatile memristor. The programming voltage scales linearly with device size, projecting millivolt operation and attojoule energy consumption for nanoscale devices.
VIBRATIONAL RELAXATION AND ELECTRONIC ENERGY TRANSFER OF N2 AGGREGATES IN SOLID RARE GAS MATRICES (1985)

The vibrational levels 1≤v'≤6 in the A 3Σ+u state of N2 aggregates have been excited selectively and the population of lower levels has been derived from the intensities in the A 3Σ+u(v')→X 1Σ+g(v") emission spectra. Radiationless relaxation to lower vibrational levels takes place exclusively in steps of Δv' = 2 in Xe and Kr matrices. In addition an up conversion in steps of Δv' = 3 is observed. In an Ar matrix steps of Δv' = 1 and Δv' = 2 are superimposed.
Investigation on Weldability of Aluminum Alloy by Arc, Laser, Hybrid(Laser+MIG) Welding (2011)

최근 수송수단의 경량화를 통한 연료비 절감 및 자원재생을 목적으로 경량화에 대한 요구가 증가하면서 대표적인 경량 금속인 알루미늄 합금의 사용이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 고강도 알루미늄 합금은 일반 철에 비해 융점이 낮을 뿐만 아니라 산화되기 쉽고, 열팽창과 높은 반사율로 인해 건전한 용접부를 얻기가 어려운 실정이다. 이에 기존의 아크용접법에서 벗어난 새로운 열원을 이용한 접합법이나 보조 열원을 추가하는 방법을 통한 접합법들이 개발되어지고 있으며, 특히 하이브리드 접합법의 경우 기존 2가지의 열원을 혼합한 방법으로 각 용접법의 장점을 채택하여 그 시너지 효과를 이용한 용접법으로서 Laser 와 Arc을 열원으로 이용한 하이브리드 접합법에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 현재까지 발표된 알루미늄합금 접합기술에 대한 기술개발 사례와 접합방법 비교를 통한 알루미늄 합금 용접성에 대해 검토하고자 한다.
Addition of Nitric Oxide to Oxygen Improves Cardiopulmonary Function in Patients With Severe COPD (1998)

Prior studies have demonstrated that inhaled nitric oxide may improve or worsen oxygenation in patients with COPD. Our data show an unequivocal improvement in oxygenation (albeit with a ceiling effect at 5 ppm) and pulmonary hemodynamics (dose dependent) in COPD patients receiving LTOT. Further studies are warranted to examine the usefulness of inhaled nitric oxide during acute exacerbations of COPD, or even the possibility of long-term application in patients receiving LTOT.
Insect cell cultures : fundamental and applied aspects (1996)

Preface. Development and characterization of insect cell lines D. Lynn. New approaches to insect tissue culture D. Baines. Transgenic insect cells: mosquito cell mutants and the dihydrofolate reductase gene A.M. Fallon. Insect cell physiology R. Bhatia. Insect cell cultivation: growth and kinetics G. Schmid. Medium design for insect cell culture E.-J. Schlaeger. Baculovirus-insect interactions G.W. Blissard. Replication patterns and cytopathology of cells infected with baculoviruses G.V. Williams, P. Faulkner. Construction of baculovirus recombinants P.A. Kitts. Passage effect of virus infection in insect cells P.J. Krell. Post-translational modifications in insect cells H.-D. Klenk. Productivity of insect cells for recombinant proteins J.E. Maruniak. Chaperone and foldase coexpression in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system M.J. Betenbaugh, et al. Shear sensitivity of insect cells J.J. Chalmers. Insect cell bioreactors S.N. Agathos. Perfusion for the production of recombinant proteins in insect cells V. Jager. Immobilization of insect cells Jian-Yong Wu, M.F.A. Goosen. Modelling baculovirus infection of insect cells in culture J.F. Power, L.K. Nielsen. Scale up aspects of sparged insect-cell bioreactors J. Tramper, et al. Oxygen gradients in small and big sparged insect-cell bioreactors J. Tramper, et al. Downstream processing of insect cell cultures A.R. Bernard, et al. Parvovirus diagnostics and vaccine production in insect cells J.I. Casal. Classical swine fever virus diagnostic and vaccine production in insect cells M.M. Hulst, R.J.M. Moormann. Production of multidomain complement glycoproteins in insect cells P. Zavodski, S. Cseh. Economicsof baculovirus--insect cell production systems D.J. Rhodes. Safety aspects of insect cell culture G. Stacey. Regulatory issues in the use of insect-cell culture F.L.J. van Lier. Keyword index.
Chirality and Chiroptical Effects in Metal Nanostructures: Fundamentals and Current Trends (2017)

Throughout the 19 th and 20 th century, chirality has mostly been associated with chemistry. However, while chirality can be very useful for understanding molecules, molecules are not well suited for understanding chirality. Indeed, the size of atoms, the length of molecular bonds and the orientations of orbitals cannot be varied at will. It is therefore difficult to study the emergence and evolution of chirality in molecules, as a function of geometrical parameters. By contrast, chiral metal nanostructures offer an unprecedented flexibility of design. Modern nanofabrication allows chiral metal nanoparticles to tune the geometric and optical chirality parameters, which are key for properties such as negative refractive index and superchiral light. Chiral meta/nano‐materials are promising for numerous technological applications, such as chiral molecular sensing, separation and synthesis, super‐resolution imaging, nanorobotics, and ultra‐thin broadband optical components for chiral light. This review covers some of the fundamentals and highlights recent trends. We begin by discussing linear chiroptical effects. We then survey the design of modern chiral materials. Next, the emergence and use of chirality parameters are summarized. In the following part, we cover the properties of nonlinear chiroptical materials. Finally, in the conclusion section, we point out current limitations and future directions of development.
A framework for modeling human-like driving behaviors for autonomous vehicles in driving simulators (2001)

A framework for modeling driver behavior within driving simulators is described in this paper. This framework serves as a basis for building human- like driving behavior models for autonomous vehicles operating within the virtual environment of a driving simulator. The framework consists of four units, the Perception Unit, the Emotions Unit, the Decision- making Unit (DMU), and the Decision- implementation Unit (DIU). The Perception Unit defines how the model perceives its environment in local and global terms. The Emotions Unit defines how the model responds emotionally to its environment. The DMU investigates the environment for possible actions that might potentially serve the model's emotional demands. And finally the DIU tries to implement these decisions when a traffic condition, perceived as safe enough for such an implementation, emerges. Each of these units has its own set of fuzzy variables and fuzzy ifthen rules. Any driving model, that is based on this framework, should provide membership function parameters for these fuzzy variables in accordance with the category of human driving behavior this model is targeting. Our framework addresses decision making and implementation at the maneuvering and operational levels of the driving task. Decisions at the planning level are addressed through a script- based traffic controller. The present model is limited to simulating human behaviors when driving in a two- lane rural environment.
Computerunterstützte Vorhersage des Knochenumbaus am Beispiel von Knieendoprothesen (1995)

Article Computerunterstützte Vorhersage des Knochenumbaus am Beispiel von Knieendoprothesen was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 40, issue s2).
Advanced Applications of Fuel Cells during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

COVID-19 was identified all over the world as a pandemic in December 2019. This novel coronavirus affects the lower respiratory area, which causes pneumonia in the human body and transfers from human to human. Every day, the number of new patients and the number of deaths are increasing immensely, while specific drugs for this virus are still being developed. Hospitals are struggling to accommodate patients, resulting in a large number of temporary hospitals. These makeshift hospitals need an uninterrupted power supply to continuously maintain all the electrical facilities. Fuel cells, especially solid oxide fuel cells, play an essential role in meeting the additional energy needs of humankind during this critical moment. SOFCs are able to supply power to those makeshift hospitals from the main hospital building, as well as supplying electricity to locked-down residential areas to ease the strain on the electrical grid during this pandemic situation. As a result of their extensive applicability and numerous uses, SOFCs can be used to address electrical needs challenges in various sectors.
Path planning self-learning Algorithm for a dynamic changing environment (2016)

Safe and optimal path planning in a cluttered changing environment for agents’ movement is an area of research, which needs further investigations. The existing methods are able to generated secure trajectories, but they are not efficient enough to learn from their mistakes, especially when dynamics of the environment are concerned. This paper presents an advanced version of the Ant-Air algorithm, which can detect the changed scenario and while keeping the lessons learnt from the previously planned safe trajectory, it then generates a safe and optimal path by avoiding collisions with the obstacles. The method presented can learn from the experience and hence improve the already generated trajectories further by using the lessons learned from the experience. The concept developed is applicable in various domains such as path planning for mobile robot, industrial robots, and simulation of part movement in narrow passages.
A Comparison of Statistical Tools for Identifying Modality in Body Mass Distributions (2021)

The assessment of modality or \bumps in distributions is of in- terest to scientists in many areas. We compare the performance of four statistical methods to test for departures from unimodality in simulations, and further illustrate the four methods using well-known ecological datasets on body mass published by Holling in 1992 to illustrate their advantages and disadvantages. Silverman's kernel density method was found to be very conservative. The excess mass test and a Bayesian mixture model approach showed agreement among the data sets, whereas Hall and York's test pro- vided strong evidence for the existence of two or more modes in all data sets. The Bayesian mixture model also provided a way to quantify the un- certainty associated with the number of modes. This work demonstrates the inherent richness of animal body mass distributions but also the diculties for characterizing it, and ultimately understanding the processes underlying them.