gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis of the Gait Rehabilitation System of a Rail Type for Body-Weight Support Function (2016)

Weight bearing is effective during rehabilitation of gait, in the elderly and disabled people. Various training devices using weight bearing function were developed along with treadmill walking; however, no device has been developed in conjunction to walking on the ground. Here, we designed a rail type frame of a gait rehabilitation system for body-weight support (BWS) function, and analyzed its mechanical safety in the static weight bearing condition of a vertical axis. Computational simulations were performed to analyze structure of the driving parts, which are connected with a rail and driving rollers and the lower plate of the BWS. Structural analyses showed the drivers and BWS were safe, when simulated at 135kg weight under static conditions. Thus, this rail type rehabilitation system can be used for gait training of the elderly and disabled.
The ferret as an animal model in cerebrovascular research. (1989)

Clinical and pathologic observations have suggested analogies between the developing nervous system of ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) and those of more traditional animal models employed in stroke research. Experimental work has demonstrated advantages of the ferret as a model of visual development. We performed in vivo cerebral angiography and postmortem neurovascular dissection of latex-injected specimens of adult ferrets. The great vessels include a cervical arterial trunk that gives rise to both carotid arteries. The anatomy of the cranial arteries is similar to that of rabbits. No carotid rete mirabile is present. There are no intracranial anastomoses between the external and internal carotid systems. We present in vivo cerebral angiograms with pathologic correlation that demonstrate that ferrets may provide the same anatomic advantages as a rabbit model for the experimental study of cerebrovascular disease, with the additional advantage of a long extracranial cervical segment of the carotid artery, affording easier access to the intracranial vasculature.
The effect of the size, shape, and structure of metal nanoparticles on the dependence of their optical properties on the refractive index of a disperse medium (2005)

The effect of the size, shape, and structure of gold and silver nanoparticles on the dependence of their extinction and integral scattering spectra on the dielectric environment has been investigated. Calculations were performed using the Mie theory for spheres and nanoshells and the T-matrix method for chaotically oriented bispheres, spheroids, and s cylinders with hemispherical ends. The sensitivity of plasmon resonances to variations in the refractive index of the environment in the range 1.3–1.7 for particles of different equivolume size, as well as to variations in the thickness of the metal layer of nanoshells, was studied. For nanoparticles with an equivolume diameter of 15 nm, the maximal shifts of plasmon resonances due to variation in the refractive index of the environment are observed for bispheres and the shifts decrease in the series nanoshells, s cylinders or spheroids, and spheres. For particles 60 nm in diameter, the largest shifts of plasmon resonances occur for nanoshells and the shifts decrease in the series bispheres, s cylinders or spheroids, and spheres. All other conditions being the same, silver nanoparticles are more sensitive to the resonance tuning due to a change in the dielectric environment.
Anisothermal High‐Temperature Cyclic Behavior of a Ni‐Based Single Crystal Superalloy (2016)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Result Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Silver Needle in the Skype (2006)

1 Context of the study 2 Skype protections Binary packing Code integrity checks Anti debugging technics Code obfuscation 3 Skype seen from the network Skype network obfuscation Low level data transport Thought it was over? How to speak Skype 4 Advanced/diverted Skype functions Analysis of the login phase Playing with Skype Traffic Nice commands 5 Conclusion Philippe BIONDI, Fabrice DESCLAUX Silver Needle in the Skype 2/98
Immobilization of a TiO2–PEDOT:PSS hybrid heterojunction photocatalyst for degradation of organic effluents (2023)

Heterojunction photocatalysts have recently emerged for use in degradation of organic pollutants, typically being suspended in effluent solution to degrade it. Post degradation, the catalyst must be removed from the treated solution, which consumes both energy and time. Moreover, the separation of nano catalysts from the treated solution is challenging. In the present work, we explore fabrication of immobilized TiO<sub>2</sub>-PEDOT:PSS hybrid heterojunction catalysts with the support of a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) matrix. These photocatalytic films do not require any steps to separate the powdered catalyst from the treated water. While the PVA-based films are unstable in water, their stability could be significantly enhanced by heat treatment, enabling efficient removal of organic effluents like methylene blue (MB) and bisphenol-A (BPA) from the aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation. Over 20 cycles, the heterojunction photocatalyst maintained high photocatalytic activity and showed excellent stability. Hence, an immobilization of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-PEDOT:PSS hybrid heterojunction is suggested to be beneficial from the viewpoint of reproducible and recyclable materials for simple and efficient wastewater treatment.
Surrogate markers of antitumor responses: in vitro activation of T cells by autologous tumor peptides. (2001)

The increasing ability to augment antitumor immunity in model systems has led to increased numbers of clinical trials. However, progress in detecting immune responses by patients against autologous tumors has been slow. Although a considerable number of tumor antigens, as well as peptides derived from them, and the MHC determinants together with which they are presented have been identified for melanoma, this is not so for the majority of solid tumors. Furthermore, tumor cells themselves are poor stimulators of immunity. Thus, approaches that do not depend upon defined antigens or using tumor cells as stimulators would be desirable. To attempt to measure immune responses in these situations, we tested whether total peptides, prepared from autologous tumor tissue, stimulated cytokine release by T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were mixed with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), pulsed with tumor peptides, and tested in the ELISPOT assay for IFN-gamma secretion. Few spots were obtained when PBMCs were cultured with unpulsed APCs or in wells with peptide-pulsed APC alone. In contrast, a strong response was seen when PBMCs were cultured with APCs that had been pulsed with autologous total tumor peptides. This system should help to identify those immunotherapeutic approaches that induce responses against tumor cells in vivo. Because different cytokine profiles are associated with distinct arms of the immune response, testing in the ELISPOT assay may also help us understand the mechanisms responsible.
Analysis of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Through a Spirally Fluted Tube Using a Porous Substrate Approach (1994)

An innovative approach was opted for modeling the flow and heat transfer through spirally fluted tubes. The model divided the flow domain into two regions. The flutes were modeled as a porous substrate with direction-dependent permeabilities. This enabled modeling the swirl component in the fluted tube. The properties of the porous substrate such as its thickness, porosity, and ratio of the direction-dependent permeabilities were obtained from the geometry of the fluted tube. Experimental data on laminar Nusselt numbers and friction factors for different types of fluted tubes representing a broad range of flute geometry were available. Experimental data from a few of the tubes tested were used to propose a relationship between the permeability of the porous substrate and the flute parameters, particularly the flute spacing. The governing equations were discretized using the Finite Element Method. The model was verified and applied to the other tubes in the test matrix. Very good agreement was found between the numerical predictions and the experimental data.
Protecting healthcare workers from COVID-19: learning from variation in practice and policy identified through a global cross-sectional survey (2020)

Aims The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented burden on global healthcare systems, and existing infrastructures must adapt and evolve to meet the challenge. With health systems reliant on the health of their workforce, the importance of protection against disease transmission in healthcare workers (HCWs) is clear. This study collated responses from several countries, provided by clinicians familiar with practice in each location, to identify areas of best practice and policy so as to build consensus of those measures that might reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to HCWs at work. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was designed with ten open and closed questions and sent to a representative sample. The sample was selected on a convenience basis of 27 senior surgeons, members of an international surgical society, who were all frontline workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Results Responses were received by all 27 surgeons from 22 countries across six continents. A number of the study respondents reported COVID-19-related infection and mortality in HCWs in their countries. Differing areas of practice and policy were identified and organized into themes including the specification of units receiving COVID-19 patients, availability and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE), other measures to reduce staff exposure, and communicating with and supporting HCWs. Areas more specific to surgery also identified some variation in practice and policy in relation to visitors to the hospital, the outpatient department, and in the operating room for both non-urgent and emergency care. Conclusion COVID-19 presents a disproportionate risk to HCWs, potentially resulting in a diminished health system capacity, and consequently an impairment to population health. Implementation of these recommendations at an international level could provide a framework to reduce this burden.
Fast algorithm for creating space efficient dispatching tables with application to multi-dispatching (2002)

The dispatching problem can be solved very efficiently in the single-inheritance~(SI) setting. In this paper we show how to extend one such solution to the multiple-inheritance~(MI) setting. This generalization comes with an increase to the space requirement by a small factor of κ This factor can be thought of as a metric of the complexity of the topology of the inheritance hierarchy.On a data set of~35 hierarchies totaling some~64 thousand types, our dispatching data structure, based on a novel type slicing technique, exhibits very significant improvements over previous dispatching techniques, not only in terms of the time for creating the underlying data structure, but also in terms of total space used.The cost is in the dispatching time, which is no longer constant, but doubly logarithmic in the number of types. Conversely, by using a simple binary search, dispatching time is logarithmic in the number of different implementations. In practice dispatching uses one indirect branch and, on average, only~2.5 binary branches.Our results also have applications to the space-efficient implementation of the more general problem of dispatching multi-methods.A by-product of our type slicing technique is an incremental algorithm for constant-time subtyping tests with favorable memory requirements. (The incremental version of the subtyping problem is to maintain the subtyping data structure in presence of additions of types to the inheritance hierarchy.)
Myocardial blood flow measurement by PET: technical aspects and clinical applications. (2005)

The availability of plastic microspheres labeled with different γ-emitting isotopes has allowed the quantification of blood flow in different organs, including the heart ([1][1]). In the past 3 decades this has made it possible to study the changes in myocardial blood flow (MBF) under different
Gastric emptying of ingested fat emulsion in rats: implications for studies of fat-induced satiety (1996)

Evidence that ingested fat acts in the intestine to produce satiety stems from studies showing that intraintestinal infusion of fat emulsion inhibits eating behavior of rats. In this study, we determined the appropriateness of infusion parameters used in these behavioral studies by measuring gastric emptying rates of both the aqueous and lipid components of Intralipid ingested normally by rats. Stomach contents were collected at different times 0-40 min after rats ingested Intralipid containing [14C]polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phenol red (PR) and were assayed for PEG, PR, and fat. The proportion of ingested fat remaining in the stomach was significantly greater than the proportion of ingested PEG or PR at all time points examined. Despite initial gastric emptying of fat during ingestion, consumption of Intralipid (0.5 or 1.1 kcal/ml) did not suppress subsequent solid food intake. The results indicate that 1) ingested fat emulsion rapidly partitions in the rat stomach into an aqueous phase, which empties rapidly, and a lipid phase, which empties slowly, and 2) normal ingestion of Intralipid is not immediately satiating. These observations raise questions about the physiological significance of the rapid and marked suppression of feeding behavior produced by intraintestinal infusion of Intralipid.
Role of the melatonin/menin signaling in the regulation of cholangiocarcinoma growth (2018)

Objective: There is decreased expression of arylalkylamineN-acetyltransferase (the rate-limiting enzyme regulatingmelatonin synthesis) and the clock gene, Per1 and increasedexpression of the MT1 melatonin receptor subtype in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study tested the hypothesisthat the inhibitory effects of the melatonin/MT1/Per1 axis onCCA growth are mediated by inhibition of miR-24, leading toincreased menin (MEN1) expression and subsequent decreasedCCA growth and angiogenesis. Methods: MEN1 and miR-24 expression levels were measuredin the following intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA cell lines:Mz-ChA-1, TFK-1, SG231, CCLP, HuCCT-1, and HuH-28 aswell as in the non-malignant human intrahepatic biliary line,H69.MEN1 and miR-24 levels were manipulated in vitro inthe Mz-ChA-1 cell line. Markers of proliferation, migration,invasiveness and angiogenesis (Ki-67, VEGF-A/C and itsreceptors 2/3, and angiopoietin 1/2 and its receptors 1/2) wereevaluated. Mz-ChA-1 cells were injected into the flanks ofathymic mice and treated with miR-24 inhibitor or scrambledinhibitor before measuring CCA growth and angiogenesis. Results: MEN1 expression was decreased in advanced CCAspecimens, whereas miR-24 expression was increased in CCA.MEN1 overexpression decreased proliferation, angiogenesis,migration, and invasiveness. Inhibition of miR-24 increasedMEN1 expression while decreasing proliferation, angiogenesis,migration, and invasiveness. We have also demonstrated thatmiR-24 negatively regulates MEN1 expression by luciferaseassay. Tumor burden and expression of proliferative andangiogenic markers were decreased in the miR-24-treatedgroup compared to controls. Interestingly, treated tumors weremore fibrotic than the control group. Conclusions: The use of small-molecule MEN1 inhibitorssuch as MI-2-2 and inhibitors of miR-24 can shed light onMEN1 mechanisms and functions and could be potentiallyused as novel targeted therapies. Therefore, miR-24-dependentexpression of MEN1 may be important in the regulation ofCCA proliferation. DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.S027
Enhancement of cellular and humoral immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag and Pol by a G/P-92 fusion protein expressing highly immunogenic Gag p17/p24 and Pol p51 antigens. (2002)

The enhanced immunogenicity of the G/P-92 fusion protein compared with the entire viral gag-pol gene product might be related to a higher intracellular level of Pol and Gag expression due to the deletion of a frameshift site and less efficient transport of VLP from vG/P-92-infected cells, respectively.
[Expression in Pichia pastoris, fermentation and purification of HIV-1 CN54 Gag antigen]. (2005)

Gag antigen expressed in P.pastoris has provided a good basis for the development of a new generation of HIV vaccine candidates against some Chinese prevalent strains.
Three-Dimensional Printing of rhBMP-2-Loaded Scaffolds with Long-Term Delivery for Enhanced Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Diaphyseal Defect (2014)

In this study, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivery system with slow mode was successfully developed in three-dimensional (3D) printing-based polycaprolactone (PCL)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds for bone formation of critical-sized rabbit segmental diaphyseal defect. To control the delivery of the rhBMP-2, collagen (for long-term delivery up to 28 days) and gelatin (for shor-term delivery within a week) solutions encapsulating rhBMP-2 were dispensed into a hollow cylinderical type of PCL/PLGA scaffold. An effective dose of 5μg/mL was determined by measuring the alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin gene expression levels of human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hTMSCs) seeded on the PCL/PLGA/collagen scaffold in vitro. However, it was found that a burst release of rhBMP-2 from the PCL/PLGA/gelatin scaffold did not induce the osteogenic differentiation of hTMSCs in vitro at an equivalent dose. In the in vivo animal experiements, microcomputed tomography and histological analyses confirmed that PCL/PLGA/collagen/rhBMP-2 scaffolds (long-term delivery mode) showed the best bone healing quality at both weeks 4 and 8 after implantation without inflammatory response. On the other hand, a large number of macrophages indicating severe inflammation provoked by burst release of rhBMP-2 were observed in the vicinity of PCL/PLGA/gelatin/rhBMP-2 (short-term delivery mode) at week 4.
CO 2 Fluxes from Peat in Boreal Mires under Varying Temperature and Moisture Conditions (1996)

1 Co2 emissions in boreal peatlands were measured during two seasons on various mire site types representing different nutrient statuses and water tables. In order to examine the long term effects of water table draw-down on the CO2 fluxes, the sites also included 25-50-year-old drainages. 2 On virgin sites the lowest CO2 fluxes were measured at ombrotrophic sites dominated by Sphagnum fuscum (78-127mg CO2 m-2 h-' at 12 ?C, 60-200 g CO2-C m-2 year') and the highest CO2 fluxes were at ombrotrophic sites with abundant understorey vegetation (183-259mg CO2 m-2 h-' at 12 ?C, 290-340g C02-C m-2 year-'). 3 Lowering of the water table by 1 cm increased CO2 fluxes by an average of 7.1 mg COM2 h-' at 12 ?C and 9.5 g C02-C m-2 year-'. In some cases the effect of ditches on the water table, and correspondingly on CO2 fluxes, was small. However, effective draining caused 100% increase in CO2 fluxes. Drainages had higher CO2 fluxes compared with virgin subsites at the same temperature and water table. 4 The effect of temperature on CO2 fluxes depended on the water table, the average QIo value being 2.9 with water tables of 0-20cm and 2.0 with water tables below 20cm. 5 CO2 fluxes are compared with primary production figures, and peat carbon stores and the carbon balance in changing climate are discussed.
A methodology to evaluate rate-based intrusion prevention system against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). (2011)

This paper defines a methodology for the evaluation of a Rate-based Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) for a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) threat. This evaluation system uses realistic background traffic along with attacking traffic, with four different DDoS attacks. The evaluation metrics are defined using Snort for: rate of packet loss; time to respond; available bandwidth; latency; reliability; CPU loading; and memory usage. The results show that system is effective in handling a low-throughput DDoS attack, but when a rate of 6 000 pps of malicious traffic is reached, Snort starts to drop malicious and legitimate packets, in at the same rate of loss. It also shows that the IPS operates well up to traffic throughputs up to 1Mbps.
Characteristics of Consecutive Esophageal Motility Diagnoses After a Decade of Change (2015)

This study brings to light the increase in prevalence of IEM. In addition, it suggests that the hypertensive LES and poorly relaxing LES may each affect bolus transit in about half of these patients.
PROPHYLACTIC IMPLANTATION OF A DEFIBRILLATOR IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION (2002)

A BSTRACT Background Patients with reduced left ventricular function after myocardial infarction are at risk for lifethreatening ventricular arrhythmias. This randomized trial was designed to evaluate the effect of an implantable defibrillator on survival in such patients. Methods Over the course of four years, we enrolled 1232 patients with a prior myocardial infarction and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.30 or less. Patients were randomly assigned in a 3:2 ratio to receive an implantable defibrillator (742 patients) or conventional medical therapy (490 patients). Invasive electrophysiological testing for risk stratification was not required. Death from any cause was the end point. Results The clinical characteristics at base line and the prevalence of medication use at the time of the last follow-up visit were similar in the two treatment groups. During an average follow-up of 20 months, the mortality rates were 19.8 percent in the conventional-therapy group and 14.2 percent in the defibrillator group. The hazard ratio for the risk of death from any cause in the defibrillator group as compared with the conventional-therapy group was 0.69 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.93; P=0.016). The effect of defibrillator therapy on survival was similar in subgroup analyses stratified according to age, sex, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, and the QRS interval. Conclusions In patients with a prior myocardial infarction and advanced left ventricular dysfunction, prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator improves survival and should be considered as a recommended therapy. (N Engl J Med 2002;346:877-83.)
Beyond blame: responding to the needs of the injured (2001)

Our concern in this book has been to assess how we respond to accidents – with a focus on accidents in medicine. We have indicated that many events which are judged to constitute instances of medical negligence are, in fact, the inevitable concomitant of human limitations in the face of demanding situations. We have argued for a re-examination of the process of the allocation of blame in such cases and suggested that an excessive focus on fault may be unjust and counter-productive to the improvement of safety. Such claims, though, may easily be misinterpreted. It might be thought that to argue against an undue emphasis on blame is to favour the doctor and pay inadequate attention to the plight of the injured patient. After all, this is not merely a matter of academic interest but concerns real people who have suffered injury.
Three-mode PLC-type multi/demultiplexer for mode-division multiplexing transmission (2013)

We demonstrated a three-mode multi/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) using parallel waveguides with a uniform height for mode division multiplexing transmission. The mode conversion of the LP01 mode to the LP11 and LP21 modes in the C-band was achieved using a fabricated MUX/DEMUX.
Retarding effects of cellulose ethers on early portland cement hydration (2005)

The existence of different crystalline forms of Mepivacaine.HCl was revealed by routine quality controls of industrial batches.