gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Periventricular heterotopia (2012)

Mice infected with the murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM (MHV) develop an immune-mediated demyelinating encephalomyelitis. We showed previously that adoptive transfer of MHV-immune splenocytes depleted of either CD4 or CD8 T cells to infected <i>RAG1</i><sup>−/−</sup> recipients (mice deficient in recombination activation gene 1) resulted in demyelination. Herein we show that transfer of CD8 T cell-enriched splenocytes from MHV-immune IFN-γ<sup>−/−</sup> donors resulted in a substantial decrease in demyelination (4.8% of the white matter of the spinal cord compared with 26.3% in those receiving cells from C57BL/6 donors). Similar numbers of lymphocytes were present in the CNS of recipients of either C57BL/6 or IFN-γ<sup>−/−</sup> CD8 T cells, suggesting that IFN-γ was not crucial for lymphocyte entry into the CNS. Rather, IFN-γ was critical for optimal activation or migration of macrophages or microglia into the white matter in the context of CD8 T cell-mediated demyelination.
Cytokinin levels in leaves, leaf exudate and shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana during floral transition (2003)

peer reviewed
Continuous Monitoring of Tau-Induced Neurotoxicity in Patient-Derived iPSC-Neurons (2021)

Tau aggregation within neurons is a critical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. It is believed that soluble pathologic tau species seed the formation of tau aggregates in a prion-like manner and propagate through connected neurons during the progression of disease. Both soluble and aggregated forms of tau are thought to have neurotoxic properties. In addition, different strains of misfolded tau may cause differential neurotoxicity. In this work, we present an accelerated human neuronal model of tau-induced neurotoxicity that incorporates both soluble tau species and tau aggregation. Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons expressing a tau aggregation biosensor, we develop a cell culture system that allows continuous assessment of both induced tau aggregation and neuronal viability at single-cell resolution for periods of >1 week. We show that exogenous tau "seed" uptake, as measured by tau repeat domain (TauRD) reporter aggregation, increases the risk for subsequent neuronal death <i>in vitro</i> These results are the first to directly visualize neuronal TauRD aggregation and subsequent cell death in single human iPSC neurons. Specific morphologic strains or patterns of TauRD aggregation are then identified and associated with differing neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that familial AD iPSC neurons expressing the PSEN1 L435F mutation exhibit accelerated TauRD aggregation kinetics and a tau strain propagation bias when compared with control iPSC neurons.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Neuronal intracellular aggregation of the microtubule binding protein tau occurs in Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Tau aggregates are believed to spread from neuron to neuron via prion-like misfolded tau seeds. Our work develops a human neuronal live-imaging system to visualize seeded tau aggregation and tau-induced neurotoxicity within single neurons. Using an aggregation-sensing tau reporter, we find that neuronal uptake and propagation of tau seeds reduces subsequent survival. In addition, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons carrying an Alzheimer's disease-causing mutation in presenilin-1 undergo tau seeding more rapidly than control iPSC neurons. However, they do not show subsequent differences in neuronal survival. Finally, specific morphologies of tau aggregates are associated with increased neurotoxicity.
Comment coacher l'apprentissage des étudiants? Comparaison de dispositifs (2008)

Cette communication se propose d’explorer la problématique de l’accompagnement des étudiants dans différentes institutions d’enseignement supérieur francophones. En s’appuyant sur une revue de littérature elle pose tout d’abord une définition du phénomène d’accompagnement et de coaching des étudiants. Puis à partir d’un inventaire de 107 situations décrites par une trentaine d’enseignants sollicités en France, Belgique, et au Canada Québec dans différentes institutions d’enseignement supérieur, elle propose une typologie des différents dispositifs d’accompagnement observables auprès des étudiants. Puis elle identifie les principaux problèmes auxquels le développement de ces pratiques s’affronte, en les éclairant par une littérature pertinente.
Highly transparent ZrO2nanoparticle-dispersed acrylate photopolymers for volume holographic recording (2006)

We demonstrate and characterize volume holographic recording in ZrO(2) nanoparticle-dispersed acrylate photopolymer films that have very low scattering loss. More than thirty-fold reduction in the scattering coefficient, as compared with those of previously reported TiO(2) nanoparticle-dispersed photopolymers, is achieved. It is shown that the refractive index modulation as high as 5.3x10(-3), together with substantive photopolymerization-shrinkage suppression, is obtained at the nanoparticle concentration of 15 vol.%. Dependences of nanoparticle concentration and grating spacing on the refractive index modulation are also investigated.
Design Strategy for Free-Form Ref lector Head Lamp Using High Intensity Discharge Light Source (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A design strategy for implementing High Intensity Discharge (HID) light sources in low beam head lamps with Free-Form Reflectors (FFRs) is presented. A theoretical analysis of a light source image formed by each portion of a reflector is presented as well as a strategy for using those images to create a head lamp beam pattern. Simulation results are shown for a head lamp design using this strategy.&lt;/div&gt;
광경화성 수지와 다중벽 탄소나노튜브 혼합물을 이용한 신축성 센서 소재 (2013)

Recently, advancement of science enable robots to introduce at the many fields, along with a variety of sensors. The use of the tactile sensor has increasingly interest to the robots. The tactile sensor help robots to operate safely and sensitively by mechanical contact from external environment. In this regards, many kinds of tactile sensors were developed. However, in these sensors, electrode was used as a detector that leads to complex fabrication process. Furthermore, the use of electrode impede manufacturing of large scale tactile sensor. Moreover, to improve the performance of the sensor, it should be atteched on the curved surface. This study is on the fabrication of flexible tactile sensor using a photocureable resin and MWCNTs, which is possible to make large scale tactile sensor using direct writing as simple fabrication process. The MWCNTs are used as a conductive material, because it has excellent piezo resistance effect. The MWCNTs are mixed with photocureable polymer by ultrasonic dispersion method. The photocureable polymer has the flexiblity after curing process by ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the mixture has similar chracteristics with photocureable polymer as well as piezo resistance effect. To use the MWCNTs mixture at the flexible tactile sensor as a wire, it is dispensed by direct writing. This paper suggests conductive material and fabrication process for flexible tactile sensor.
Effects of methacholine infusion on desflurane pharmacokinetics in piglets (2015)

The data of a corresponding animal experiment demonstrates that nebulized methacholine (MCh) induced severe bronchoconstriction and significant inhomogeneous ventilation and pulmonary perfusion (V̇A/Q̇) distribution in pigs, which is similar to findings in human asthma. The inhalation of MCh induced bronchoconstriction and delayed both uptake and elimination of desflurane (Kretzschmar et al., 2015) [1]. The objective of the present data is to determine V̇A/Q̇ matching by Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) in piglets before and during methacholine- (MCh-) induced bronchoconstriction, induced by MCh infusion, and to assess the blood concentration profiles for desflurane (DES) by Micropore Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MMIMS). Healthy piglets (n=4) under general anesthesia were instrumented with arterial, central venous, and pulmonary artery lines. The airway was secured via median tracheostomy with an endotracheal tube, and animals were mechanically ventilated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with a FiO2 of 0.4, tidal volume (V T)=10 ml/kg and PEEP of 5cmH2O using an open system. The determination of V.A/Q. was done by MIGET: before desflurane application and at plateau in both healthy state and during MCh infusion. Arterial blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min during wash-in and washout, respectively. Bronchoconstriction was established by MCH infusion aiming at doubling the peak airway pressure, after which wash-in and washout of the anesthetic gas was repeated. Anesthesia gas concentrations were measured by MMIMS. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, paired t-test, and by nonparametric Friedman׳s test and Wilcoxon׳s matched pairs test. We measured airway pressures, pulmonary resistance, and mean paO2 as well as hemodynamic variables in all pigs before desflurane application and at plateau in both healthy state and during methacholine administration by infusion. By MIGET, fractional alveolar ventilation and pulmonary perfusion in relation to the V.A/Q. compartments, data of logSDQ̇ and logSDV̇ (the second moments describing global dispersion, i.e. heterogeneity of distribution) were estimated prior to and after MCh infusion. The uptake and elimination of desflurane was determined by MMIMS.
MOSFET threshold voltage modelling and parameters optimisation of new ion implant-based subthreshold device (2020)

This paper introduces a new doping profile for devices to be used in subthreshold circuits. Results show that the optimised device with the proposed doping profile offers higher ON current in the subthreshold region. In this paper, threshold voltage modelling has been performed and a comparative analysis is presented between super-threshold and sub-threshold devices. We have also analysed the subthreshold swing characteristics of the device with the proposed doping profiles. Our analysis shows that better subthreshold swing and less threshold voltage variation can be achieved using our new doping profile.
Burn-In Demonstrations for Multi-Modal Imitation Learning (2018)

Recent work on imitation learning has generated policies that reproduce expert behavior from multi-modal data. However, past approaches have focused only on recreating a small number of distinct, expert maneuvers, or have relied on supervised learning techniques that produce unstable policies. This work extends InfoGAIL, an algorithm for multi-modal imitation learning, to reproduce behavior over an extended period of time. Our approach involves reformulating the typical imitation learning setting to include "burn-in demonstrations" upon which policies are conditioned at test time. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms standard InfoGAIL in maximizing the mutual information between predicted and unseen style labels in road scene simulations, and we show that our method leads to policies that imitate expert autonomous driving systems over long time horizons.
Malaria exposure drives both cognate and bystander human B cells to adopt an atypical phenotype (2020)

Atypical memory B cells (aMBCs) are found in elevated numbers in individuals exposed to malaria. A key question is whether malaria induces aMBCs as a result of exposure to Ag, or non-Ag-specific mechanisms. We identified Plasmodium and bystander tetanus toxoid (TT) specific B cells in individuals from areas of previous and persistent exposure to malaria using tetramers. Malaria-specific B cells were more likely to be aMBCs than TT-specific B cells. However, TT-specific B cells from individuals with continuous exposure to malaria were more likely to be aMBCs than TT-specific B cells in individuals from areas where transmission has ceased. Finally, sequences of BCRs specific for a blood stage malaria-Ag were more highly mutated than sequences from TT-specific BCRs and under strong negative selection, indicative of ongoing antigenic pressure. Our data suggest both persistent Ag exposure and the inflammatory environment shape the B-cell response to malaria and bystander Ags.
540. Hydrides of germanium (1962)

J. E. Drake and W. L. Jolly, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 2807 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620002807
Fast and Unconditional All-Microwave Reset of a Superconducting Qubit (2018)

Active qubit reset is a key operation in many quantum algorithms, and particularly in quantum error correction. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reset scheme for a three-level transmon artificial atom coupled to a large bandwidth resonator. The reset protocol uses a microwave-induced interaction between the |f,0⟩ and |g,1⟩ states of the coupled transmon-resonator system, with |g⟩ and |f⟩ denoting the ground and second excited states of the transmon, and |0⟩ and |1⟩ the photon Fock states of the resonator. We characterize the reset process and demonstrate reinitialization of the transmon-resonator system to its ground state in less than 500 ns and with 0.2% residual excitation. Our protocol is of practical interest as it has no additional architectural requirements beyond those needed for fast and efficient single-shot readout of transmons, and does not require feedback.
Sibutramine: a review of the pharmacology of a novel anti-obesity agent. (1997)

Sibutramine is a noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor which causes weight loss in laboratory rodents via effects on both food intake and metabolic rate. Sibutramine's effects are predominantly mediated by two pharmacologically-active metabolites (its primary and secondary amines). Sibutramine and its active metabolites do not cause the release of monoamine neurotransmitters and do not have affinity for their receptors. Sibutramine dose-dependently inhibits 24 h food intake in rats by enhancing the natural physiological process of satiety. Sibutramine also stimulates thermogenesis in rats, producing sustained (> 6 h) increases in oxygen consumption of up to 30%. The thermogenic effect of sibutramine results from central activation of efferent sympathetic activity which, in turn, involves activation of beta 3-adrenoceptors. Sympathetic stimulation of brown adipose tissue via beta 3-adrenoceptors is thought to be the cause of the large, 18 fold increase in brown adipose tissue glucose utilization induced by sibutramine. These dual effects of sibutramine on food intake and thermogenesis explain its anti-obesity effect in animals.
Selective Partial Agonism of Liver X Receptor α Is Related to Differential Corepressor Recruitment (2008)

Classically, activated transcription by nuclear receptors (NRs) is due to a ligand-induced switch from corepressor- to coactivator-bound states. However, coactivators and corepressors recognize overlapping surfaces of liganded and unliganded NRs, respectively. Here we show that, at sufficiently high concentration, the NR corepressor (NCoR) influences the activity of the liver X receptor (LXR) even in the presence of a potent full agonist that destabilizes NCoR binding. Partial agonist ligands that less effectively dissociate NCoR from LXR are even more sensitive to NCoR levels, in a target gene-selective manner. Thus, differential recruitment of NCoR is a major determinant of partial agonism and selective LXR modulation of target genes.
Associating weather conditions with ramp events in wind power generation (2011)

As the percentage of wind energy on the power grid increases, the intermittent nature of this energy source can make it difficult to keep the generation and the load balanced. While wind speed forecasts can be helpful, they can often be inaccurate. In such cases, we are interested in providing the control room operators additional relevant information they can exploit to make well informed scheduling decisions. In this paper, we investigate if weather conditions in the region of the wind farms can be effective indicators of days when ramp events are likely. Using feature selection techniques from data mining, we show that some variables are more important than others and offer the potential of data-driven predictive models for days with ramp events.
Abstract P92 (2015)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
In Vitro Drug Permeation Enhancement Potential of Aloe Gel Materials (2012)

Aloe vera gel previously showed the ability to increase the bioavailability of vitamins and to enhance the in vitro transport of a macromolecular drug across intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of other species of aloe to act as drug absorption enhancement agents. The effect of gel materials from three South African aloes; Aloe ferox, A. marlothii and A. speciosa on the transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability of atenolol across excised intestinal tissue of the rat as well as the transport of FITC-dextran across Caco-2 cell monolayers was investigated. The aloe gel materials exhibited the ability to statistically significantly reduce the transepithelial electrical resistance of excised rat intestinal tissue but did not significantly increase the transport of atenolol across this in vitro tissue model at the concentrations tested. At least one concentration of each aloe gel material enhanced the transport of FITC-dextran statistically significantly across Caco-2 cell monolayers. The aloe gel materials showed potential to act as drug absorption enhancing agents across intestinal epithelia. The absorption enhancement effect was dependent on the type of in vitro model and type of drug was investigated.
Effect of solvents on the molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile obtained by anionic catalysis (1962)

Abstract The effect of solvents on the molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile obtained by anionic polymerization with butyllithium was investigated. The molecular weight was found to decrease with increase in the dielectric constant of the solvents or their solvating power in the following order: petroleum ether « dimethylaniline &gt; diethyl ether &gt; tetrahydrofuran &gt; dimethylformamide. The termination step of the polymerization is by chain transfer to monomer. The rate of propagation increases with increase in the dielectric constant, and the decrease in molecular weight seems to be due to a greater increase in the rate of termination. This lowering in molecular weight in anionic polymerization with increase in the dielectric constant is contrary to what is generally known in cationic polymerization, where, due to termination by the gegenion, the molecular weight increases.
Detectors for Estimate-and-Forward Wireless Relay Networks (2014)

Relay radios are used to improve the quality of point-to-point wireless links with respect to achievable rates and symbol error rates (SER). Under these metrics, the estimate-and-forward (EF) protocol has the best performance in a wide variety of cases. The EF protocol is defined as the relaying protocol in which the relay forwards an estimate of its received information. Although optimal estimates have been identified in the literature, an implementable detector at the receiver still remains to be found. In this paper, we solve this open problem by using a piecewise linear approximation of the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimate (pLAM) of the received symbol at the relay. In the three-node cooperative wireless relay network, this new piecewise linear approximation leads to an analytical form of the detector at the destination. Furthermore, we show that the symbol error rates of this new framework closely approximate the true performance of EF when using a MMSE estimate of the received symbol at the relay. Finally, we provide several examples where we apply this new pLAM approach to multiple modulation schemes such as BPSK and 16-QAM, in both one- and two-way relay networks.
RNAi in Drug Development (2013)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon comprising the ability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules to stimulate eukaryotic gene suppression in a sequence-specific manner. This entry first outlines the essential molecular biological principles of RNAi and then focuses on RNAi’s practical applications. The entry also explains how RNA can be delivered to or expressed inside mammalian cells, and what considerations are usually taken into account when choosing various RANi approaches.
Simplified representation of vector fields (1999)

Vector field visualization remains a difficult task. Although many local and global visualization methods for vector fields such as flow data exist, they usually require extensive user experience on setting the visualization parameters in order to produce images communicating the desired insight. We present a visualization method that produces simplified but suggestive images of the vector field automatically, based on a hierarchical clustering of the input data. The resulting clusters are then visualized with straight or curved arrow icons. The presented method has a few parameters with which users can produce various simplified vector field visualizations that communicate different insights on the vector data.
Experimental Implementation of Non-Gaussian Attacks on a Continuous-Variable Quantum-Key-Distribution System (2007)

An intercept-resend attack on a continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution protocol is investigated experimentally. By varying the interception fraction, one can implement a family of attacks where the eavesdropper totally controls the channel parameters. In general, such attacks add excess noise in the channel, and may also result in non-Gaussian output distributions. We implement and characterize the measurements needed to detect these attacks, and evaluate experimentally the information rates available to the legitimate users and the eavesdropper. The results are consistent with the optimality of Gaussian attacks resulting from the security proofs.
Higher dimensional metabolomics using stable isotope labeling for identifying the missing specialized metabolism in plants (2020)

The exact mechanics of specialized metabolism and its importance throughout plant evolution remain mysterious. Specialized metabolites and their corresponding biosynthetic genes are crucial to understand the reason for the prevalence of certain metabolism. Even though mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has enabled us to acquire data about the structural properties of unknown specialized metabolites as well as known metabolites and their corresponding isomers/analogs, extensive analytical approaches are still required. Herein, we review the most advanced analytical approaches using stable isotope labeling that can be used to identify the unknown specialized metabolites.