gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Akt1 and Akt2 Differently Regulate Muscle Creatine Kinase and Myogenin Gene Transcription in Insulin-Induced Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts (2002)

Insulin and IGFs are potent inducers of skeletal muscle differentiation. Although PI3K is known to be involved in skeletal muscle differentiation, its downstream targets in this process are not clearly defined. We investigated the roles of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in skeletal muscle differentiation. LY294002, a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K, and the immunosuppressant rapamycin inhibited insulin-induced differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. LY294002 and rapamycin suppressed myosin heavy chain expression and myotube formation. Transient reporter assays showed that both inhibitors repress muscle creatine kinase (MCK) and myogenin gene transcription. Heterologous expression of Akt1/PKB(alpha) potently suppressed MCK gene transcription without affecting myogenin gene transcription, whereas heterologous expression of Akt2 increased myogenin and MCK gene transcription. Finally, overexpression of myogenin rescued the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on MCK gene transcription, whereas it failed to rescue the inhibitory effect of LY294002 and Akt1. These results suggest that insulin regulates myogenic differentiation chiefly at the level of myogenin gene transcription via PI3K and mTOR. PI3K activity, but not mTOR, may regulate transcriptional activity of myogenin. Our data also suggest that Akt1 and Akt2 play distinct roles in myogenic differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of a Phosphorylated Spin Trap to Discriminate Between the Hydroxyl Radical and Other Oxidizing Species. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Water Dynamics in Gyroid Phases of Self-Assembled Gemini Surfactants (2016)

Water-mediated ion transport through functional nanoporous materials depends on the dynamics of water confined within a given nanostructured morphology. Here, we investigate H-bonding dynamics of interfacial water within a "normal" (Type I) lyotropic gyroid phase formed by a gemini dicarboxylate surfactant self-assembly using a combination of 2DIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that water dynamics in the normal gyroid phase is 1 order of magnitude slower than that in bulk water, due to specific interactions between water, the ionic surfactant headgroups, and counterions. Yet, the dynamics of water in the normal gyroid phase are faster than those of water confined in a reverse spherical micelle of a sulfonate surfactant, given that the water pool in the reverse micelle and the water pore in the gyroid phase have roughly the same diameters. This difference in confined water dynamics likely arises from the significantly reduced curvature-induced frustration at the convex interfaces of the normal gyroid, as compared to the concave interfaces of a reverse spherical micelle. These detailed insights into confined water dynamics may guide the future design of artificial membranes that rapidly transport protons and other ions.
Electrochemical Properties of Activated Carbon Supecapacitor Containing Poly(acrylonitrile) Nonwoven Separator Coated by a Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte (2013)

6M KOH 수계 전해액에 potassium poly(acrylate) (PAAK)를 3 wt% 포함시켜 제조한 하이드로겔을 poly(acrylonitrile)부직포 분리막에 코팅하고, 이를 활성탄 수퍼커패시터의 분리막 및 전해질로 사용하여 수퍼커패시터의 고율특성 향상을 시도하였다. 이 분리막 및 전해질은전자현미경 관찰 결과 PAAK 하이드로겔이 부직포의 표면기공에 균일하게 코팅되어 있으며, 24일 동안 하이드로겔의 합습도가 230% 이상으로 균일하게 유지되었고, 6 M KOH 전해액을 사용한 경우(<TEX>$3.6{\times}10^{-2}Scm^{-1}$</TEX>)보다 약간 낮은 <TEX>$2.9{\times}10^{-2}Scm^{-1}$</TEX>의 이온전도도를 나타내었다. 활성탄을 활물질로 사용한 대칭형 수퍼커패시터에 이 분리막 및 전해질을 채택한 경우 사이클릭볼타메트리 시험에서 <TEX>$1000mVs^{-1}$</TEX>의 고속스캔 조건에서도 <TEX>$27Fg^{-1}$</TEX> 이상의 높은 비축전용량과 1000 사이클 경과후에도 97% 이상의 유지율을 나타내는데, 이는 부직포 상에 코팅된 PAAK 하이드로겔 전해질이 활성탄 전극과 부직포 분리막 사이에서 강력한 계면밀착을 유지할 수 있기 때문이다. A hydrogel electrolyte consisting of potassium poly(acrylate) (PAAK) (3 wt%) in 6 M KOH aqueous solution is coated on poly(acrylonitrile) nonwoven separator to examine high-rate characteristics of activated carbon supercapacitor adopting the separator. The hydrogel is homogeneously coated on the surface pores of the nonwoven separator. The electrolyte uptake of the PAAK hydrogel maintains for 24 days higher than 230% and the coated separator shows slightly lower ionic conductivity (<TEX>$2.9{\times}10^{-2}Scm^{-1}$</TEX>) than that (<TEX>$3.6{\times}10^{-2}Scm^{-1}$</TEX>) of using 6 M KOH only. The activated carbon supercapacitor adopting the coated separator shows a specific capacitance higher than <TEX>$27Fg^{-1}$</TEX> at <TEX>$1000mVs^{-1}$</TEX> and a retention ratio higher than 97% after the 1000th cycle. This is due to strong interfacial contact of coated hydrogel electrolyte between the activated carbon electrode and the nonwoven separator.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in the Vicinity of an Oscillating Cavity: Parametric Study (2014)

In this paper, numerical solutions of fluid flow in the vicinity an oscillating square cavity are presented. OpenFOAM (v 2.2.2), an open-source, Finite Volume CFD code was used to solve the problem. The oscillating cavity problem was studied with respect to the following parameters: (1) peak Reynolds numbers (based on the cavity size, Red) of 50, 100, 200, and 300, and (2) the ratio of the Stokes layer thickness to the cavity size (δ/d) of 0.25, 0.5, and 1. An oscillatory source term was provided to the streamwise momentum equation and the problem was solved with a stationary grid. The resultant fluid velocities were then vectorially corrected for the wall velocity. The patterns and the magnitudes of entrainment and ejection of fluid mass to and from the cavity were studied. Lower Red flows were marked by the absence of a secondary recirculation zone inside the cavity in contrast to higher Red flows. Lower Red flows were observed to have fluid contact with the outside shear layer for a larger portion of the oscillatory cycle, and thus, were observed to result in higher effective fluid transport across the cavity. Higher δ/d ratios resulted in decreased peak mass flow across the cavity aperture plane and only over a smaller portion of the cycle time owing to the thickness of the oscillatory boundary layer in relation to the cavity size. As the δ/d was lowered, effective mass flow was observed to increase and over a larger portion of the cycle time.
Kinetics of coal thermolysis with a mixed solvent of tert-butyl alcohol and Tetralin (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of coal thermolysis with a mixed solvent of tert-butyl alcohol and TetralinM. Wang, J. M. Smith, and Ben J. McCoyCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 1, 78–84Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00037a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00037a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PoseTrack: Joint Multi-person Pose Estimation and Tracking (2017)

In this work, we introduce the challenging problem of joint multi-person pose estimation and tracking of an unknown number of persons in unconstrained videos. Existing methods for multi-person pose estimation in images cannot be applied directly to this problem, since it also requires to solve the problem of person association over time in addition to the pose estimation for each person. We therefore propose a novel method that jointly models multi-person pose estimation and tracking in a single formulation. To this end, we represent body joint detections in a video by a spatio-temporal graph and solve an integer linear program to partition the graph into sub-graphs that correspond to plausible body pose trajectories for each person. The proposed approach implicitly handles occlusion and truncation of persons. Since the problem has not been addressed quantitatively in the literature, we introduce a challenging Multi-Person PoseTrack dataset, and also propose a completely unconstrained evaluation protocol that does not make any assumptions about the scale, size, location or the number of persons. Finally, we evaluate the proposed approach and several baseline methods on our new dataset.
A Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Spliced Variant of Mitochondrial Death Gene Bnip3 Promotes Survival of Ventricular Myocytes (2011)

Given the otherwise lethal consequences of deregulated Bnip3FL expression in postmitotic cells, our findings reveal a novel intrinsic defense mechanism that opposes the mitochondrial defects and cell death of ventricular myocytes that is obligatorily linked and mutually dependent on alternative splicing of Bnip3FL during hypoxia or ischemic stress.
CT colonography with three-dimensional problem solving for detection of colonic polyps. (1998)

CT colonography can be performed and the images interpreted using currently available hardware and software by initially using the axial images to search for polyps of significant size. Endoluminal views should be used only when necessary to help distinguish normal folds from fixed raised lesions that are suggestive of polyps.
Conceptualization of science using collaboration and competences (2016)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach for conceptualizing science based on collaboration and competences of researchers. Design/methodology/approach The research is conducted by exploratory analysis of collaboration and competences using case studies from humanistic, engineering, natural sciences and a general topic. Findings The findings show that by applying the proposed approach on bibliographic data that readily exist for many national sciences as well as for international scientific communities, one can obtain useful new insights into the research. The approach is demonstrated with the following exploratory findings: identification of important connections and individual researchers that connect the community of anthropologists; collaboration of technical scientists in the community of anthropologists caused by an interdisciplinary research project; connectivity, interdisciplinary and structure of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and a community based on a general topic; and identifying research interest shift described with concretization and topic-shift. Practical implications As demonstrated with the practical implementation ( http://scienceatlas.ijs.si/ ), users can obtain information of the most relevant competences of a researcher and his most important collaborators. It is possible to obtaining researchers, community structure and competences of an arbitrary research topic. Social implications The map for collaboration and competences of a complete science can be a crucial tool for policy-making. Social scientists can use the results of the proposed approach to better understand and direct the development of science. Originality/value Originality and value of the paper is in combining text (competences) and network (research collaboration and co-authoring) approaches for exploring science. Additional values give the results of analysis that demonstrate the approach.
Recurrent Events Analysis With Data Collected at Informative Clinical Visits in Electronic Health Records (2020)

Although increasingly used as a data resource for assembling cohorts, electronic health records (EHRs) pose many analytic challenges. In particular, a patient’s health status influences when and what data are recorded, generating sampling bias in the collected data. In this article, we consider recurrent event analysis using EHR data. Conventional regression methods for event risk analysis usually require the values of covariates to be observed throughout the follow-up period. In EHR databases, time-dependent covariates are intermittently measured during clinical visits, and the timing of these visits is informative in the sense that it depends on the disease course. Simple methods, such as the last-observation-carried-forward approach, can lead to biased estimation. On the other hand, complex joint models require additional assumptions on the covariate process and cannot be easily extended to handle multiple longitudinal predictors. By incorporating sampling weights derived from estimating the observation time process, we develop a novel estimation procedure based on inverse-rate-weighting and kernel-smoothing for the semiparametric proportional rate model of recurrent events. The proposed methods do not require model specifications for the covariate processes and can easily handle multiple time-dependent covariates. Our methods are applied to a kidney transplant study for illustration. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Early immunisation with dendritic cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation elicits graft vs tumour reactivity (2013)

These data reveal complex involvement of antigen-presenting cells in GvT reactions, suggesting that the limited success in clinical application is not a result of limited efficacy but suboptimal implementation. Although DC can amplify soluble signals from NB lysates that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, early administration of DC is a dominant factor in suppression of tumour growth.
Thermal and optical properties of polymer hosts for solid-state dye lasers (1999)

We present measurements of thermal and optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PMMA modified by the addition of ethanol (MPMMA), and copolymers of methyl methacrylate with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate [P(HEMA:MMA)]. Spectral transmission of the polymers is excellent (alpha = 0.5 cm(-1) at 400 nm, decreasing to 0.04 cm(-1) at 633 nm). Measured laser damage thresholds of MPMMA and P(HEMA:MMA) show at least a twofold increase over PMMA. Thermal lensing measured in these hosts doped with Rhodamine 6G is shown to be similar (f = -450 mm for pump power of 200 mW in a 2-mm-diameter spot, scaling with pump intensity). Compared with MPMMA, P(HEMA:MMA) offers an improved surface quality and a more uniform dye distribution.
Effect of net gas volume changes on alveolar and arterial gas partial pressures in the presence of ventilation-perfusion mismatch (2018)

The second gas effect (SGE) occurs when nitrous oxide enhances the uptake of volatile anesthetics administered simultaneously. Recent work shows that the SGE is greater in blood than in the gas phase, that this is due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, that as mismatch increases, the SGE increases in blood but is diminished in the gas phase, and that these effects persist well into the period of nitrous oxide maintenance anesthesia. These modifications of the SGE are most pronounced with the low soluble agents in current use. We investigate further the effect of net gas volume loss during nitrous oxide uptake on low concentrations of other gases present using partial pressure-solubility diagrams. The steady-state equations of gas exchange were solved assuming a log-normal distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios using Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration. It was shown that under these conditions the classical partial pressure-solubility diagram must be modified, that for currently used volatile anesthetic agents the alveolar-arterial partial pressure difference is less than that predicted in the past, and that the alveolar-arterial partial pressure difference may even be reversed during uptake in the case of highly insoluble gases such as sulfur hexafluoride. Comparing this with the situation described previously for nitrogen in steady-state air breathing, we show that for nitrogen, the direction of the alveolar-arterial gradient is opposite to the direction of net gas volume movement. Although gas uptake with ventilation-perfusion inequality exceeding that when matching is optimal is shown to be possible, it is less likely than alveolar-arterial partial pressure reversal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Net uptake of gases administered with nitrous oxide may proceed against an alveolar-arterial partial pressure gradient. The alveolar-arterial gradient for nitrogen in the steady-state breathing air depends not only on the existence of a distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lung but also on the presence of a net change in gas volume and is opposite in direction to the direction of net gas volume uptake.
Inclusion of Pork Meat in the Diets of Young Women Reduces Their Intakes of Energy-Dense, Nutrient-Poor Foods: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

Adherence of young women to dietary recommendations has been examined predominantly by surveys. This study aimed to determine the quality of women's diets relative to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE); and to evaluate dietary changes during an intervention trial with pork meat or an iron supplement. A 12-week randomized trial was conducted in young women who were assigned to one of three groups. They maintained three, seven-day food diaries while continuing their routine diet (CG); taking an iron supplement (SG); or incorporating into their diets 500 g/week of pork (PG). Participants (n = 58) provided dietary information on 1218 diary-days. The serves consumed from the vegetable, fruit and dairy groups were lower (p < 0.001), and from the meat and alternatives group greater (p < 0.001) than the recommended serves. PG consumed significantly fewer (p < 0.001) serves of "extra" foods, and ate fruit more frequently (p < 0.001) than CG and SG. The participants' dietary self-assessment showed poor agreement with the AGHE description of "serve". The inclusion of pork in the diets of young women is associated with the reduced consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor "extra" foods and increased frequency of fruit intake. The effect may be explained by diverse factors such as increased food knowledge, cooking skills and the effect of pork on satiety.
Temperature and Strain Sensors Based on Integration of Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings With a Free Spectral Range Matched Interrogation System (2009)

In this work, a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is integrated with a free spectral range matched interrogation (FSRMI) system for temperature and strain sensing applications. The experimental data show that the peak wavelengths of the core and cladding modes of the TFBG shift linearly to longer wavelength with the increase of temperature and strain. Since the FSRMI system allows simultaneous demodulation of multiple wavelengths, the sensing system can be extended by integrating a eta-channel FSRMI with eta TFBGs for multipoint temperature and strain sensing with high precision and fast detection rate.
Near-zero curvature fabrication of miniaturized micromechanical Ni switches using electron beam cross-linked PMMA (2003)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of one of the smallest near-zero curvature nickel cantilevers, acting as part of a three-terminal electrostatically actuated switch across a nanoscale gap. A surface nanomachining technique using electron beam cross-linked polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the sacrificial layer combined with nickel electroplating as the structural material is developed. Sharper contact bumps were realized via reflow of PMMA resist, with tunnel junctions formed by the in situ formation of aluminium oxide during the oxygen plasma dry release step. Preliminary results show that a 0.21 µm thick plated nickel cantilever beam with dimensions of 10 µm by 4 µm suspended over a 0.43 µm gap demonstrates low hysteretic behaviour (∼2.5 to 3 V) and a pull-in voltage of 27.5 V. No significant plastic deformation of the curl-free cantilevers was evident even after 1 billion switching cycles. Simple current detection techniques through a resonating cantilever-driver system are used to detect motion of the structures with resonant frequencies above 2 MHz. Because of its reliable curl-free properties, switching performance is stable and repeatable. This should pave the path towards flat nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) to enable both basic and applied research.
The first crystal structures of RNA–PNA duplexes and a PNA-PNA duplex containing mismatches—toward anti-sense therapy against TREDs (2015)

PNA is a promising molecule for antisense therapy of trinucleotide repeat disorders. We present the first crystal structures of RNA-PNA duplexes. They contain CUG repeats, relevant to myotonic dystrophy type I, and CAG repeats associated with poly-glutamine diseases. We also report the first PNA-PNA duplex containing mismatches. A comparison of the PNA homoduplex and the PNA-RNA heteroduplexes reveals PNA's intrinsic structural properties, shedding light on its reported sequence selectivity or intolerance of mismatches when it interacts with nucleic acids. PNA has a much lower helical twist than RNA and the resulting duplex has an intermediate conformation. PNA retains its overall conformation while locally there is much disorder, especially peptide bond flipping. In addition to the Watson-Crick pairing, the structures contain interesting interactions between the RNA's phosphate groups and the Π electrons of the peptide bonds in PNA.
Business Process Management: A Killer App for Agents? (2004)

This panel will evaluate business process management as an application area for agent technology. Business process management has been studied intensively in the agents community. As businesses evolve into e-businesses, process management is garnering an increasing amount of interest among IT practitioners. Therefore, this technical area appears to be a natural fulcrum for leveraging agent technology. This panel will discuss the challenges and opportunities that business process management offers. In particular, this panel will seek to identify promising directions for agents research that would lead to a more robust introduction of agent technology into mainstream IT.
Multiple Pass Ultrasound Tightening of Skin Laxity of the Lower Face and Neck (2011)

IFUS has many advantages for skin tightening.
Characterising and modelling thermal behaviourof radio-frequency power LDMOS transistors (1998)

The thermal behaviour of radio-frequency power LDMOS transistors is analysed. Pulsed characterisation techniques are proposed to provide a straightforward method for determining the device zero temperature coefficient point. An LDMOS technology currently used for power amplification in L band radiotelephony applications is studied. Load-pull measurements and nonlinear simulations are used to determine the bias conditions for stable operation with temperature. Finally, a model is proposed to take into account the influence of the dissipated power on the device responses during nonlinear operation.