gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Quantitative Detection of <i>EGFR</i> Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA Derived from Lung Adenocarcinomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Examination of somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (&lt;i&gt;EGFR)&lt;/i&gt; mutations is now a diagnostic routine for treatment of cancer using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Circulating tumor DNA is a promising target for noninvasive diagnostics. We evaluated its utility by quantitatively detecting activating and resistant mutations, which were measured with BEAMing (beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-three patients with lung cancer with progressive disease after EGFR-TKI treatment and 21 patients who had never been treated with EGFR-TKIs were studied. Their primary tumors were confirmed to have activating mutations. In the plasma DNA of each patient, the activating mutation found in the corresponding primary tumor and the T790M resistance mutation were quantified by BEAMing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In 32 of 44 patients, activating mutations were detected in the plasma DNA [72.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 58.0%–83.6%]. The T790M mutation was detected in 10 of 23 patients in the first group (43.5%; 95% CI, 25.6%–53.4%). The ratio of T790M to activating mutations ranged from 13.3% to 94.0%. The peak of the distribution of the mutation allele fraction in the plasma DNA was in the 0.1% to 1% range.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The major advantage of BEAMing is its ability to calculate the fraction of T790M-positive alleles from the alleles with activating mutations. This feature enables the detection of increases and decreases in the number of T790M mutations in cancer cells, regardless of normal cell DNA contamination, which may be useful for monitoring disease progression. Circulating tumor DNA could potentially be used as an alternative method for &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutation detection. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7808–15. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Laboratory Aspect of Chemical EOR Processes Evaluation for Malaysian Oilfields (2006)

ABSTRACT Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are being considered for large field applications with recent high price of crude oil. However, applications are generally directed towards onshore environment, with temperature less than 85°C, using fresh water as the injection water. Malaysian oil fields are located offshore, with high reservoir temperatures of more than 100°C and use sea water as injection water. This paper reports on laboratory results that were part of an R&amp;D project investigating the feasibility of increasing oil recovery through chemical EOR processes for oil fields in Malaysia. Chemical EOR processes investigated include surfactant, surfactant-polymer, alkaline-surfactant, and alkaline-surfactant-polymer. A unique 2-stage softening prepared seawater for the two processes using alkali. Thermal aging studies at 119°C were used to screen chemicals for stability and degradation. Interfacial tension and phase behavior tests of stable chemicals were used to select formulations. Linear corefloods and thermal degradation tests were used to select polymers. Oil recovery studies used field proportioned injected chemical volumes in radial corefloods. Dilute surfactant processes without alkali recovered little incremental oil. This was attributed to heavy consumption loss of surfactant. Average incremental oil recovery in coreflood studies by alkali-surfactant flooding was 14.6% OOIP and by alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding was 28.6% OOIP respectively. This proved that there is potential for chemical EOR application in Malaysia.
Intracavity resonant quantum-well photodetectionof a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1997)

The authors demonstrate the first intracavity quantum-well photodetector within a VCSEL. Minimal spontaneous emission is detected by the internal detector. The effective responsivity is as high as 9 A/W; the dark current is &lt;1 nA, limited by the noise floor of the instruments used.
Detector shielding design of a PET inserts in a 3T MRI system (2016)

For a PET insert to be placed inside an MR system, shielding for the detector modules is crucial as otherwise there can be mutual interference between the two modalities. In this work, we have assessed various shielding designs for both RF shielding effectiveness and gradient-induced eddy current performances. We designed six shielding configurations with various thicknesses, patterns and materials: 36, 18 and 9 urn thick solid copper; 36 urn thick segmented copper; 36 urn thick phosphor bronze mesh; and 0.8 mm thick carbon fiber composite. To evaluate the shielding performance, we performed transmission measurements (S21) and acquired the induced voltage from a MRI spin echo sequence using an RF probe. The eddy current performance was evaluated by the reflection measurement (S11) and observing the ghosting artifact and temperature rise from a MRI echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence. For the shielding effectiveness in both in/outside the MR system, the S21 magnitude for the solid copper (-43.1±1.7, -42.5±3.4, and -42.3±2.6 dB) and phosphor bronze mesh (-37.6±3.6 dB) configurations performed significantly better compared to other configurations (carbon fiber -29.2±1.5 dB and segmented copper -11.0±0.7 dB). For the eddy current performance, the phase delay acquired from the S11 measurement was less than 45° for segmented copper, phosphor bronze mesh and carbon fiber composites and significantly higher at ~120° for the solid copper configurations. The EPI ghosting artifact and temperature measurements showed similar trends inside the MR system as seen in the outside. In summary, we have evaluated the shielding effectiveness and the eddy current performances of several shielding designs, with the phosphor bronze mesh showing the best overall outcomes.
A DNA based five-state switch with programmed reversibility (2012)

A programmable switch based on a DNA hairpin loop is functionalised with a rigid or flexible porphyrin or FAM and TAMRA FRET pair, which provides insight into the restructuring of the hairpin as well as porphyrin-porphyrin coupling. The switch contains five discrete states which can be accessed independently and followed by real-time spectroscopy, opening the way to a quinary computing code.
Structure and non-linear optical properties of phosphine oxide derivatives (1996)

The crystal structures of three different phosphine oxides derivatives possessing high quadratic susceptibilities, β, in solution have been investigated by X-ray diffraction. Slight modification of the transmitter chain leads to an acentric molecule; however, it is shown that these polar molecules have specific arrangements in the crystalline state, leading to a weak non-linear optical (NLO) response. The crystallographic data were entered into the MOPAC program to calculate the quadratic hyperpolarizability of each structure. The results were compared to those obtained by the use of standard internal data of the MOPAC program.
Micellar Aggregation in Blends of Linear and Cyclic Poly(styrene-b-isoprene) Diblock Copolymers (2005)

The morphology of micelles formed from blends of linear and cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (PS-b-PI) block copolymers has been investigated in solution using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and in thin solid deposits by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy under cryogenic conditions (cryo-TEM). Micelles of the pure cyclic PS(290)-b-PI(110) copolymers are wormlike cylindrical objects built by unidirectional aggregation of 33 nm wide sunflower micelles, while the linear block copolymer having the same volume fraction and molar mass forms spherical micelles 40 nm in diameter. The DLS, AFM, and cryo-TEM results consistently show that the addition of the linear copolymer (even for amounts as low as 5% w/w) to the cyclic copolymer rather favors the formation of spherical micelles at the expense of the cylindrical aggregates. Those results clearly show that the linear block copolymer chains can be used to stabilize the thermodynamically unstable elementary sunflower micelle. The thermal stability of the micelles (from the pure copolymers and from the blends) has been examined in solid deposits with in situ AFM measurements. Coalescence starts at about 70 degrees C, and the surface roughness shows a two-step decrease toward a fully homogeneous and flat structure.
Phenotypic and molecular analyses of primary lateral sclerosis (2015)

Cluster analyses based on clinical variables indicated at least 2 subgroups of clinically definite PLS. Molecular analyses further identified 4 cases with mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and possibly hereditary spastic paraplegia. Phenotypic and molecular characterization is the first step in investigating biological clues toward the definition of PLS. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are essential.
Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Highly Acidic Substrates, Nitroacetates (2012)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling conditions were developed that efficiently afford 2-aryl-2-nitroacetates from aryl bromides and the very acidic nitroacetates.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (C666-1) consistently harbouring Epstein-Barr virus (1999)

We have established a cell line (C666-1) from undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This cell line consistently carries the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in long-term cultures. C666-1 is a subclone of its parental cell line, C666, derived from an NPC xenograft of southern Chinese origin. It grows as an adherent culture and lacks contact inhibition. In addition, it is tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. The cells consistently express EBV-encoded RNAs and are positively stained for cytokeratin, an epithelial marker. In addition, they express EBNA1 protein, LMP1 and LMP2 transcripts and thus resemble the EBV latency II pattern. The virus genotype is EBV-1 with the latent membrane protein 1 gene showing a 30-bp deletion at the carboxyl terminus, both consistent with findings in southern Chinese NPC tumours. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a sub-diploid status with a chromosomal modal number of 45. C666-1 is unique among NPC cell lines in that it carries EBV. These cells may serve as a good investigative tool as the viral latency pattern and genotype are observed in the majority of primary NPC biopsies from Chinese patients.
Recent Variceal Bleeding: Doppler US Hepatic Vein Waveform in Assessment of Severity of Portal Hypertension and Vasoactive Drug Response (2006)

Doppler US hepatic vein waveform assessment is useful in the noninvasive evaluation of the severity of portal hypertension and the response to vasoactive drugs in patients with portal hypertension and variceal bleeding.
Structure of Solvent-Free, Monomeric CH3Li and CH3Na (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStructure of Solvent-Free, Monomeric CH3Li and CH3NaDouglas B. Grotjahn, T. C. Pesch, J. Xin, and L. M. ZiurysView Author Information Department of Chemistry San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, California 92182-1030 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Box 871604, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 50, 12368–12369Publication Date (Web):December 17, 1997Publication History Received31 July 1997Published online17 December 1997Published inissue 17 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972613qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972613qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ab initio calculations,Chemical structure,Energy levels,Molecular structure,Order Get e-Alerts
Peptide Analogues of the Anaphylatoxin C3a; Syntheses and Properties (1989)

The chemical syntheses of C-terminally shortened analogues of C3a, which is the best investigated anaphylatoxin and derives from the third component of complement system, is reported. The peptide assembly was performed with the solid-phase technique using a polyamide support and an orthogonal protection strategy. The base-labile Fmoc group was chosen for N alpha protection in combination with acid-labile side-chain protection. Excellent acylation yields could be obtained using HBTU (O-benzotriazolyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) as activating reagent. With this methodology we synthesized eighteen different peptides with the following modifications: Varying the peptide length by sequential addition of glycine or arginine residues, prolongating the N-terminus with the Fmoc- or Fmoc-aminohexanoyl residues and exchanging the glycine in position 74 for alanine or D-alanine. We obtained two C3a analogues, Fmoc-YRAAALALAR and Fmoc-Ahx-YRRGRAAALGLAR, which were shown to be substantially more active than native C3a in the guinea-pig-platelet assay.
Efficient Simulation of Metasurfaces Comprising of Truncated Periodic or Quasi-periodic structures (2019)

This paper describes several techniques for enhancing the computational efficiency of Metasurface (MS) modeling when the geometry of the MS is either a truncated periodic structure or it is quasi-periodic, with its elements varying slowly along the surface. The quasi-periodic MS is used to introduce a phase (and amplitude) taper in the transmitted, reflected, or propagating wave interacting with the MS. The three key approaches proposed in this paper are based on using: (a) macro-basis functions for matrix-size reduction; (b) effective medium to replace the MS element; GPU to speed up the generation of multilayer Green’s function and associated MoM matrix computation.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON DIHALOGENMETHYLKETONEN DURCH REAKTION VON CARBENOIDEN MIT ESTERN (1974)

Abstract Entsprechend dem Reaktionsschema wurden aus Estem, wie (I), über die Addukte (II) α‐Dichlorketone, wie (III), dargestellt.
Optimal production-distribution planning in supply chain management using a hybrid simulation-analytic approach (2000)

Production-distribution planning is the most important activity in supply chain management (SCM). To solve this planning problem, either analytic or simulation approaches have been used. However these two approaches have their own demerits in problem solving. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach which is a specific problem solving procedure combining analytic and simulation methods to solve production-distribution problems in supply chains. The machine capacity and distribution capacity constraints in the analytic model are considered as stochastic factors and are adjusted by the proposed specific process according to the results from an independently developed simulation model which includes general production-distribution characteristics.
Raman microspectrometer combined with scattering microscopy and lensless imaging for bacteria identification (2013)

In this paper, we report on a compact prototype capable both of lensfree imaging, Raman spectrometry and scattering microscopy from bacteria samples. This instrument allows high-throughput real-time characterization without the need of markers, making it potentially suitable to field label-free biomedical and environmental applications. Samples are illuminated from above with a focused-collimated 532nm laser beam and can be x-y-z scanned. The bacteria detection is based on emerging lensfree imaging technology able to localize cells of interest over a large field-of-view of 24mm<sup></sup>2. Raman signal and scattered light are then collected by separate measurement arms simultaneously. In the first arm the emission light is fed by a fiber into a prototype spectrometer, developed by Tornado Spectral System based on Tornado’s High Throughput Virtual Slit (HTVS) novel technology. The enhanced light throughput in the spectral region of interest (500-1800 cm<sup>-1</sup>) reduces Raman acquisition time down to few seconds, thus facilitating experimental protocols and avoiding the bacteria deterioration induced by laser thermal heating. Scattered light impinging in the second arm is collected onto a charge-coupled-device. The reconstructed image allows studying the single bacteria diffraction pattern and their specific structural features. The characterization and identification of different bacteria have been performed to validate and optimize the acquisition system and the component setup. The results obtained demonstrate the benefits of these three techniques combination by providing the precise bacteria localization, their chemical composition and a morphology description. The procedure for a rapid identification of particular pathogen bacteria in a sample is illustrated.
An Efficient One-Pot Preparation of 2,4-Pentadienoic Esters from α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes (1988)

α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes react with monoalkyl malonates in pyridine with a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a regio-and stereoselective process to yield almost exclusively 2,4-pentadienoic esters with essentially (and in many cases exclusively) the 2E-stereochemistry.
PROCESS SCHEDULING OF LASER DRILLING SYSTEMS WITH COLLABORATIVE POSITIONING DEVICES (2006)

2つの位置決め機を同時に使用できるレーザ穴あけシステムの加工計画手法を提案する.ここでこの2つの位置決め機は対照的である:一方は高速だが位置決め範囲が小さく,他方は低速だが範囲が大きい.目的は基板あたりの加工時間最小化であり,目新しくはない.しかしながら位置決め方法の自由度が高いなどの理由から,このようなレーザ穴あけシステムの加工計画手法については,これまで議論されなかった.問題の定式化にあたり「低速・広範囲な位置決め機は等速で直進する」というスキームを導入する.このスキームのもとでの最適化問題を,時間枠付き非対称ハミルトン路最適化問題(AHPP-TW)を含む形で定式化する.AHPP-TWにたいして,局所探索アルゴリズム,具体的には辞書式探索戦略を用いた反転なし3-opt法を提案する.複数の実基板データを用いた計算機実験により,提案する手法と著者の既存手法とで加工時間を比較したところ,提案する手法が加工時間を平均で30%削減するという,良好な結果を得た.
The effect of resist material composition on development behavior (2015)

The relation between resist composition and its development behavior was evaluated. The effect of a hydrophobic unit on a resist and on its development behavior was systematically investigated. The resist was exposed to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or electron beam (EB) exposure, and the development behavior of the film was observed by high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). The introduction of a hydrophobic group in the resist resulted in diminished swelling behavior and uniform dissolution. The resist resin cluster shape was also altered by the introduction of the hydrophobic group. These behaviors imply that the resin–resin and resin–tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution interactions differ. EUV lithography suffers from the photon issue that causes stochastic uniformity; however, in this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a better uniformity of resist patterning by altering the resist formulation.
Advanced Microstructures for Increased Creep Rupture Strength of MARBN Steels (2014)

Over the past three decades a lot of effort was made to optimize the chemical compositionof 9% Cr martensitic steels, aiming to increase the operating temperature up to 923K and thus im-proving the efficiency of thermal power plants. Under these service conditions (high temperature andstress exposure), the creep strength of such steels is closely related to the long term stability of theirmicrostructure. The time to rupture can also be understood as an equivalent to the time of microstruc-ture deterioration. Optimization of the initial microstructure and understanding of the microstructureevolution during creep exposure are therefore decisive to improve the creep behavior of 9% Cr steels.Selected chemical compositions of MarBN steels (Martensitic 9% Cr steels strengthened by Car-bides, Nitrides and Boron) were subjected to different heat treatments to produce an optimized mi-crostructure to improve the creep rupture time. The initial microstructure before creep exposure wasinvestigated using optical microscopy, SEM and EBSD. Short term creep rupture tests at 923K and150MPa were performed, followed by systematic microstructure investigations.Comparative EBSD investigations confirm an optimized microstructure for creep exposure, pro-duced by an appropriate heat treatment. From comparative creep test results, it can be concluded thatadvanced microstructures increase the time to rupture of the selected MarBN steels by more than 10percent, without reduction of the ductility.
Behavior of laser assisted tin discharge EUV emitting plasma (2009)

Summary form only given. Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is considered as the most promising candidate of the next generation of lithography for manufacturing ever smaller and faster chips. In our laboratory, a laser assisted tin target discharge produced plasma EUV source has been studied <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</sup> . The system comprises an Nd:YAG laser, focusing on a tin (Sn) rod embedded in one of electrodes to create plasma; and a power supply system to generate a sinusoidal discharge current of 22 kA amplitude, 250 ns half cycle that flows through the plasma between the electrodes to pinch the plasma and produce EUV radiation.
Automotive antennas: trends and future requirements (2002)

This paper presents current trends in automotive antenna technologies, organized by application, and forecasts the direction of automotive antenna developments as perceived by Ford Motor Company.