gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chloride influence on the formation of lanthanum hexaboride: An in-situ diffraction study (2018)

LaB6 has been a material of interest for decades due to its thermionic emission, plasmonic properties, and low work function, and researchers continue to discover new properties even now. In order to meet growing interest in customizing these properties, it is important to gain better control over the system and a better understanding of the fundamental mechanism of LaB6 crystal growth and formation. Traditional synthetic methods require very high temperatures, at which point crystallization happens too quickly to be readily studied. Our discovery that LaB6 may be made using lower temperatures has made it possible to slow down crystal formation enough for lattice growth to be observed. We report here an in situ diffraction study of the reaction between LaCl3 and NaBH4. In observing the evolution of the (1 1 1), (1 1 0), and (2 0 0) lattice planes of LaB6, we have discovered that the Cl of LaCl3 has a strong influence on crystal formation, and that excess Cl, temperature and heating rate may all be used as tools to control the LaB6 final product.
Simulation a deux dimensions de la croissance de grain normale (1984)

Note: PRO 84.03, No dates Reference ROSO-REPORT-1984-002 Record created on 2006-02-13, modified on 2016-08-08
Hydrogen Gas Generation from Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) under Wet Conditions (2004)

An explosion has recently occurred at a silo containing refuse-derived fuels (RDF) in Japan. There is a possibility that microorganisms are involved in generation of combustible gas from RDF and this study was aimed at showing the presence of bacteria that can ferment RDF pellets. All RDF samples tested contained a relatively high number of viable bacterial cells, 1.4x10(5) to 3.2x10(6) viable cells/g. These bacteria in the RDF samples fermented them to generate heat and hydrogen gas.
A Gabor block based Kernel Discriminative Common Vector (KDCV) approach\n using cosine kernels for Human Face Recognition (2013)

In this paper a nonlinear Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) discriminant feature\nextraction approach for enhanced face recognition is proposed. Firstly, the\nlow-energized blocks from Gabor wavelet transformed images are extracted.\nSecondly, the nonlinear discriminating features are analyzed and extracted from\nthe selected low-energized blocks by the generalized Kernel Discriminative\nCommon Vector (KDCV) method. The KDCV method is extended to include cosine\nkernel function in the discriminating method. The KDCV with the cosine kernels\nis then applied on the extracted low energized discriminating feature vectors\nto obtain the real component of a complex quantity for face recognition. In\norder to derive positive kernel discriminative vectors; we apply only those\nkernel discriminative eigenvectors that are associated with non-zero\neigenvalues. The feasibility of the low energized Gabor block based generalized\nKDCV method with cosine kernel function models has been successfully tested for\nimage classification using the L1, L2 distance measures; and the cosine\nsimilarity measure on both frontal and pose-angled face recognition.\nExperimental results on the FRAV2D and the FERET database demonstrate the\neffectiveness of this new approach.\n
Promoter-Dependent Translation Controlled by p54nrb and hnRNPM during Myoblast Differentiation (2015)

Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is induced during myoblast differentiation at both transcriptional and translational levels. Here, we identify hnRNPM and p54nrb/NONO present in protein complexes bound to the FGF1 promoter and to the mRNA internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Knockdown or overexpression of these proteins indicate that they cooperate in activating IRES-dependent translation during myoblast differentiation, in a promoter-dependent manner. Importantly, mRNA transfection and promoter deletion experiments clearly demonstrate the impact of the FGF1 promoter on the activation of IRES-dependent translation via p54nrb and hnRNPM. Accordingly, knockdown of either p54 or hnRNPM also blocks endogenous FGF1 induction and myotube formation, demonstrating the physiological relevance of this mechanism and the role of these two proteins in myogenesis. Our study demonstrates the cooperative function of hnRNPM and p54nrb as regulators of IRES-dependent translation and indicates the involvement of a promoter-dependent mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Thiadiazol‐3‐ium‐3‐methanide (ylide) 1,3‐Dipoles: Cycloaddition—Rearrangement Sequences Leading to Substituted 1‐(2‐Vinylthioethenyl)pyrazole Systems: Azolium 1,3‐Dipoles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
UCST-type behavior of poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) in aliphatic alcohols: solvent, co-solvent, molecular weight, and end group dependences (2011)

Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEGMA) is shown to possess insoluble–soluble transitions (UCST-type phase behavior) in a large variety of aliphatic alcohols. Samples of different molecular weights ranging from 5 kg mol−1 to 23 kg mol−1 prepared by the RAFT process and featuring different end groups at each end were analyzed by cloud point measurements. Transitions occurred sharply and were fully reversible. The UCST was found to increase with an increasing molecular weight. Hydrophobic (alkyl chain) end groups were found to lower the critical temperature in isopropanol, while rigid aromatic end groups raised the transition temperature. In ternary mixtures of isopropanol/chloroform/POEGMA, the UCST decreased with an increasing chloroform concentration, with 10 vol% of chloroform accounting for a 30 °C drop. In mixtures of isopropanol/hexane/POEGMA, the cloud point increased significantly only with hexane concentrations above 30 vol%, at which level a 2 °C transition temperature increase was found. Addition of water to isopropanol solutions had a strong effect, with 1 vol% of water causing a decrease of the transition temperature of 12.5 °C. With an increasing chain length of the solvent, the cloud point increased, while a branching of the hydrocarbon chains lowered the cloud point. Samples of 23 kg mol−1POEGMA were for instance found to have cloud points of 22.0 °C in ethanol, 35.7 °C in isopentanol, and 75.4 °C in dodecanol.
Method for removal of SO/sub 2/ from gases (1978)

Removal of sulfur dioxide from an aqueous solution containing the same is effected by subjecting the solution to electrodialytic water splitting. In particular SO/sub 2/ is removed from dilute gas streams by means of alkaline solution scrubbing, regeneration of the scrubbing solution and liberation of concentrated SO/sub 2/ by means of a membrane water splitter. Waste sulfate produced in the process may be converted to sulfuric acid in a separate membrane water splitter or otherwise processed by conventional means.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Optically Pure (3S,5S)‐ and (3R,5R)‐2,6‐Dimethyl‐3,5‐heptanediol. (1990)

Abstract Optically pure title compounds (II) are prepared by an enantiodifferentiating hydrolysis of the dione (I) over tartaric acid‐NaBr‐modified Raney‐Ni catalyst, and the preferential recrystallization of the hydrogenation product.
Supplementary Information from Pak1 Kinase Links ErbB2 to β-Catenin in Transformation of Breast Epithelial Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF File - 184K, p21-activated kinase-1 links ErbB2 to �-catenin in transformation of breast epithelial cells.&lt;/p&gt;
A probabilistic approach to mixed open-loop and closed-loop control, with application to extreme autonomous driving (2010)

We consider the task of accurately controlling a complex system, such as autonomously sliding a car sideways into a parking spot. Although certain regions of this domain are extremely hard to model (i.e., the dynamics of the car while skidding), we observe that in practice such systems are often remarkably deterministic over short periods of time, even in difficult-to-model regions. Motivated by this intuition, we develop a probabilistic method for combining closed-loop control in the well-modeled regions and open-loop control in the difficult-to-model regions. In particular, we show that by combining 1) an inaccurate model of the system and 2) a demonstration of the desired behavior, our approach can accurately and robustly control highly challenging systems, without the need to explicitly model the dynamics in the most complex regions and without the need to hand-tune the switching control law. We apply our approach to the task of autonomous sideways sliding into a parking spot, and show that we can repeatedly and accurately control the system, placing the car within about 2 feet of the desired location; to the best of our knowledge, this represents the state of the art in terms of accurately controlling a vehicle in such a maneuver.
Normal mode analysis of large systems with icosahedral symmetry: Application to (Dialanine)60 in full and reduced basis set implementations (2001)

A group theoretical method is described for calculating the normal modes of icosahedral systems such as viruses. The use of symmetry reduces the size of the matrices that have to be diagonalized from 60N×60N to 5N×5N (where N is the number of degrees of freedom of every subunit) while preserving complete accuracy. The method includes algorithms to calculate the normal modes, the atomic fluctuations and cross-correlations, and the projections of normal modes on vectors of interest. The correctness and accuracy of the method are verified using a model system, consisting of 60 Dialanine peptides arranged in a nonbonded icosahedral complex. The effects of using reduced basis sets in the normal mode calculations are examined. Reduced basis sets, especially those consisting of dihedral and/or bond angles, are shown to have relatively small effects on the frequencies, spatial fluctuations, and directions of the normal mode displacements. The current implementation allows accurate reduced basis normal mode calculations on icosahedral virus molecules with moderately powerful computers.
Early age monitoring of cement mortar using embedded piezoelectric sensors (2016)

A piezoceramic based sensor consisting of embedded Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) patch is developed for assessing the progression of hydration and evolution of properties of cement mortar. A method for continuous assessment of cement mortar with different water to cement ratios after casting is presented. The method relies on monitoring changes in the electromechanical (EM) conductance of a PZT patch embedded in mortar. Changes in conductance are shown to sensitively reflect the changes in the mechanical impedance of the cementitious material as it transforms from fluid to solid state.
In Vitro Transcription of 70 S RNA by the RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase of Rous Sarcoma Virus: Lack of Influence of RNase H (1976)

The influence of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-associated RNase H on the in vitro synthesis of DNA by the RSV RNA-directed DNA polymerase was determined under conditions whereby RNase H activity was selectively inhibited with NaF. Not only were we unable to detect any effect on the size, structure, or genetic complexity of the DNA product synthesized in the absence of RNase H activity, but the displacement of DNA from the 70 S RNA:DNA hybrid structures was also unaffected. The suitability of 70 S RNA:DNA hybrid structures synthesized in vitro to serve as a substrate for RNase H is discussed.
The GEF energy-efficient product portfolio - emerging experience and lessons (2002)

The report reviews the Global Environment Facility (GEF) projects, combining approaches to remove supply-side, and demand-side barriers to markets for energy-efficient products. Supply-side strategies include provision of technical assistance (TA), and know-how transfer to manufacturers to upgrade product designs, through standards, and regulations, piloting new distribution mechanisms through retailers and electric utilities - providing financial incentives, and financing manufacturing upgrades. Demand-side strategies, include educating consumers, and professionals about the costs, and benefits of energy-efficient technology. Individual projects in the portfolio suggest that demand-side management (DSM) programs can deliver large numbers of compact fluorescent lamps; that distribution through utility offices and consumer on-the-bill credit is feasible; that bulk procurement can lower retail costs; and, that large programs can spur replication, by attracting attention of policy makers, and utility managers. Programs oriented towards the private sector have also been effective at transforming markets. Recommendations include appropriate supply and demand sides of a market, taking a holistic view of the market forces.Moreover, flexibility should be built into program design, so that activities can be responsive to rapid, changing market dynamics, considering workable TA, and technical know-how transfers. Most importantly, monitoring and evaluation should be in place early on, to measure pre-program baselines.
Replication dynamics of recombination-dependent replication forks (2021)

Replication forks restarted by homologous recombination are error prone and replicate both strands semi-conservatively using Pol δ. Here, we use polymerase usage sequencing to visualize in vivo replication dynamics of HR-restarted forks at an S. pombe replication barrier, RTS1, and model replication by Monte Carlo simulation. We show that HR-restarted forks synthesise both strands with Pol δ for up to 30 kb without maturing to a δ/ε configuration and that Pol α is not used significantly on either strand, suggesting the lagging strand template remains as a gap that is filled in by Pol δ later. We further demonstrate that HR-restarted forks progress uninterrupted through a fork barrier that arrests canonical forks. Finally, by manipulating lagging strand resection during HR-restart by deleting pku70, we show that the leading strand initiates replication at the same position, signifying the stability of the 3' single strand in the context of increased resection.
Increased level of cathelicidin (LL‐37) in vitiligo: Possible pathway independent from vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (2020)

Vitiligo is a multifactorial skin disease with established role of genetics and autoimmunity in its pathogenesis. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been suggested to correlate with risk of vitiligo in some ethnic populations. On the other hand, cathelicidin, one of the innate immune system components, has a role in development of some chronic skin diseases and VDR regulates the expression of cathelicidin. We aimed to determine the plasma level of cathelicidin and its association with the VDR gene polymorphisms as well as plasma vitamin D level in patients with vitiligo. Ninety vitiligo patients and 90 non-vitiligo controls participated in this study. Blood levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and cathelicidin were determined with ELISA. Genotyping for VDR polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, FokI and BsmI) was done with RFLP-PCR method. Mean blood level of cathelicidin was significantly higher in vitiligo patients as compared to controls (P < .0001). Mean blood level of vitamin D was significantly lower in patients than controls (P = .01). Statistically significant differences were not observed for both genotype and allele frequencies of BsmI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms. There was a borderline increased risk of vitiligo in over-dominant model of FokI polymorphism with OR = 1.8 and P = .051. Our findings was suggestive of the potential role of cathelicidin in the pathogenesis of vitiligo; however, future evaluations are needed to determine its precise mechanism. Genetic study of VDR gene polymorphism was suggestive of increased risk of vitiligo in association with a FokI polymorphism in Iranian population.
The impact of mutational processes on structural genomic plasticity in cancer cells (2021)

ABSTRACT Structural genome alterations are determinants of cancer ontogeny and therapeutic response. While bulk genome sequencing has enabled delineation of structural variation (SV) mutational processes which generate patterns of DNA damage, we have little understanding of how these processes lead to cell-to-cell variations which underlie selection and rates of accrual of different genomic lesions. We analysed 309 high grade serous ovarian and triple negative breast cancer genomes to determine their mutational processes, selecting 22 from which we sequenced &gt;22,000 single cell whole genomes across a spectrum of mutational processes. We show that distinct patterns of cell-to-cell variation in aneuploidy, copy number alteration (CNA) and segment length occur in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and fold-back inversion (FBI) phenotypes. Widespread aneuploidy through induction of HRD through BRCA1 and BRCA2 inactivation was mirrored by continuous whole genome duplication in HRD tumours, contrasted with early ploidy fixation in FBI. FBI tumours exhibited copy number distributions skewed towards gains, widespread clone-specific variation in amplitude of high-level amplifications, often impacting oncogenes, and break-point variability consistent with progressive genomic diversification, which we termed serriform structural variation (SSV). SSVs were consistent with a CNA-based molecular clock reflecting a continual and distributed process across clones within tumours. These observations reveal previously obscured genome plasticity and evolutionary properties with implications for cancer evolution, therapeutic targeting and response.
Performance analysis of LAS-based scheduling disciplines in a packet switched network (2004)

The Least Attained Service (LAS) scheduling policy, when used for scheduling packets over the bottleneck link of an Internet path, can greatly reduce the average flow time for short flows while not significantly increasing the average flow time for the long flows that share the same bottleneck. No modification of the packet headers is required to implement the simple LAS policy. However, previous work has also shown that a drawback of the LAS scheduler is that, when link utilization is greater than 70%, long flows experience large jitter in their packet transfer times as compared to the conventional First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) link scheduling. This paper proposes and evaluates new differentiated LAS scheduling policies that reduce the jitter for long flows that are identified as "priority" flows.To evaluate the new policies, we develop analytic models to estimate average flow transfer time as a function of flow size, and average packet transmission time as a function of position in the flow, for the single-bottleneck "dumbbell topology" used in many ns simulation studies. Models are developed for FCFS scheduling, LAS scheduling, and each of the new differentiated LAS scheduling policies at the bottleneck link. Over a wide range of configu-rations, the analytic estimates agree very closely with the ns estimates. Thus, the analytic models can be used instead of simulation for comparing the policies with respect to mean flow transfer time (as a function of flow size) and mean packet transfer time. Furthermore, an initial discrepancy between the analytic and simulation estimates revealed errors in the parameter values that are often specified in the widely used ns Web workload generator. We develop an improved Web workload specification, which is used to estimate the packet jitter for long flows (more accurately than with previous simulation workloads).Results for the scheduling policies show that a particular policy, LAS-log, greatly improves the mean flow transfer time for priority long flows while providing performance similar to LAS for the ordinary flows. Simulations show that the LAS-log policy also greatly reduces the jitter in packet delivery times for the priority flows.
Primordial Linkage of β2-Microglobulin to the MHC (2011)

Abstract β2-Microglobulin (β2M) is believed to have arisen in a basal jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) and is the essential L chain that associates with most MHC class I molecules. It contains a distinctive molecular structure called a constant-1 Ig superfamily domain, which is shared with other adaptive immune molecules including MHC class I and class II. Despite its structural similarity to class I and class II and its conserved function, β2M is encoded outside the MHC in all examined species from bony fish to mammals, but it is assumed to have translocated from its original location within the MHC early in gnathostome evolution. We screened a nurse shark bacterial artificial chromosome library and isolated clones containing β2M genes. A gene present in the MHC of all other vertebrates (ring3) was found in the bacterial artificial chromosome clone, and the close linkage of ring3 and β2M to MHC class I and class II genes was determined by single-strand conformational polymorphism and allele-specific PCR. This study satisfies the long-held conjecture that β2M was linked to the primordial MHC (Ur MHC); furthermore, the apparent stability of the shark genome may yield other genes predicted to have had a primordial association with the MHC specifically and with immunity in general.
Isolated Swiss-Forward Three-Phase Rectifier With Resonant Reset (2015)

This paper presents a new isolated single-stage pulse-width modulation rectifier system based on the recently presented Swiss rectifier topology providing the isolation by replacing a buck with a forward converter. The principle of operation and a new modulation technique which compensates the reactive power generated by the input filter at light load and maximizes the power factor are discussed. Furthermore, the analytical equations for the stress in the semiconductor devices useful for the system optimization are derived. The proposed topology and modulation technique are experimentally validated on a 3.3-kW 115 Vac to 270 Vdc prototype demonstrator.
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Disease Characterized and Perpetuated by Activated Lung T-Lymphocytes (1981)

The alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by an intense, mononuclear cell infiltrate that probably precedes granuloma formation. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying pulmonary sarcoidosis can be shown by study of the mononuclear cells composing the alveolitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage has shown that the sarcoid lung is characterized by increased numbers of "activated" T-lymphocytes within the alveolar structures. In contrast to normal control cells, the lung T-lymphocytes of patients with sarcoid release the mediator, monocyte chemotactic factor, that probably contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis by recruiting blood monocytes to the lung, thus providing cellular building blocks for granuloma formation. Conventional monitors of the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis, such as blood studies, pulmonary function testing, and chest roentgenograms, show little assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage or by histopathologic studies. In contrast, quantification of lavage T-lymphocyte populations and 67Ga scintigraphy of the chest provide a sensitive and specific means of assessing the activity of the alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis and may provide a rational basis for therapy.