gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal nature of the electron energy spectrum in a glow discharge in pure O2: I. Nonlocal character of the electron distribution function (2000)

A study is made of the nonlocal nature of the electron energy distribution function in the positive column of a glow discharge in a tube filled with pure oxygen. The distribution function and the axial (E z) and radial (E r) electric fields as functions of radius are measured using an array of mobile probes. The experimentally obtained spatial profiles of the distribution function are used to test the applicability of the two-term approximation to the distribution function of the electrons with a nonlocal energy spectrum. The distribution function in a specified electric field E=E z +E r (where E z ⊥ E r) is calculated by solving the coordinate-dependent Boltzmann equation in the two-term approximation and by directly integrating the equations of electron motion using the Monte Carlo method. A comparison between the experimental data and the results of simulations carried out for a broad parameter range shows that, in the case of a highly nonlocal electron energy spectrum, the two-term approximation makes it possible to calculate the electron distribution function with a fairly good accuracy, in which case, however, in imposing the boundary conditions, the electron losses at the plasma surface should be treated in the kinetic approximation. It is shown that using the reflection coefficient of the plasma surface for electrons instead of the loss cone in space makes it possible to accurately calculate the electron energy distribution function over the entire parameter range under consideration, including the transient region in which the electron-energy relaxation length is comparable to the characteristic plasma dimension.
Abstract 4777: Cancer stemness and resistance: Napabucasin (BBI-608) sensitizes stemness-high cancer cells to Paclitaxel by inhibiting the STAT3-MUC1 pathway (2017)

Abstract Stemness-high cancer cells, or cancer stem cells (CSC) represent a subpopulation of cancer cells with enhanced tumorigenic capacity, metastasis-forming potential, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation. One such key CSC pathway is regulated by STAT3, a transcription factor that is downstream of several cytokines and growth factor receptors which controls the expression of a broad range of target genes and plays essential roles in CSC biology in many tumor types. Cancer stemness inhibitor Napabucasin (BBI-608), a small molecule that inhibits gene transcription driven by STAT3, can inhibit stemness gene expression, block spherogenesis, and kill CSCs. In vivo, BBI-608 effectively blocks cancer relapse and metastasis in xenograft models while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting that targeting stemness-high cancer cells is a feasible approach for developing next-generation cancer therapeutics to combat cancer recurrence. SOX2 (sex-determining region Y-box protein 2), a transcription factor that is essential for self-renewal and pluripotency, is amplified in various cancer types and has been shown to be required for CSC self-renewal and maintenance. Mucin 1 (MUC1), a glycoprotein normally expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells, is overexpressed in most human epithelial cancers. MUC1 has been implicated in regulating tumor proliferation, metabolism, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and inflammation. Here, we generated a stemness-high culture system based on the reporter activity of a SOX2-regulatory region construct in MKN28 gastric cancer cells (MKN28 SOX2-reporter GFP+ cells). BBI-608 treatment inhibited the STAT3-MUC1 pathway in stemness-high cells. High MUC1 status in stemness-high cells was associated with Paclitaxel resistance. Down-regulation of MUC1 sensitized stemness-high cells to Paclitaxel. Moreover, BBI-608 synergized with Paclitaxel in inhibiting spherogenesis of stemness-high cells. This study provides a new mechanism for the association of cancer stemness with drug resistance. Our findings support this combination therapy, which pairs a conventional chemotherapy (Paclitaxel) with a cancer stemness inhibitor (BBI-608), as a promising strategy to combat cancer. Citation Format: Harry A. Rogoff, Juying Li, Chiang Li. Cancer stemness and resistance: Napabucasin (BBI-608) sensitizes stemness-high cancer cells to Paclitaxel by inhibiting the STAT3-MUC1 pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4777. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4777
Development of an In Vitro Assay and Demonstration of Plasmodium berghei Liver-Stage Inhibition by TRAP-Specific CD8+ T Cells (2015)

The development of an efficacious vaccine against the Plasmodium parasite remains a top priority. Previous research has demonstrated the ability of a prime-boost virally vectored sub-unit vaccination regimen, delivering the liver-stage expressed malaria antigen TRAP, to produce high levels of antigen-specific T cells. The liver-stage of malaria is the main target of T cell-mediated immunity, yet a major challenge in assessing new T cell inducing vaccines has been the lack of a suitable pre-clinical assay. We have developed a flow-cytometry based in vitro T cell killing assay using a mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa1-6, and Plasmodium berghei GFP expressing sporozoites. Using this assay, P. berghei TRAP-specific CD8+ T cell enriched splenocytes were shown to inhibit liver-stage parasites in an effector-to-target ratio dependent manner. Further development of this assay using human hepatocytes and P. falciparum would provide a new method to pre-clinically screen vaccine candidates and to elucidate mechanisms of protection in vitro.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Crash Safety Design of Vehicles (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;CAE technology has been applied for the crash safety design of vehicles, however, the optimum design has not been completed for the crash behavior of the vehicles. The authors have proposed a Statistical Design Support System (SDSS), and brought forward that the SDSS is one of the available optimal approaches for the nonlinear and dynamic phenomena. In this study, the SDSS was applied for the multi-objective optimization design of the reinforced members of a vehicle, where the weight, cabin deformation, and collision acceleration were chosen as the objective functions, and the simultaneous optimization for the functions was carried out. It was shown that the SDSS could be used as a practical multi-objective optimization tool for the crash safety design of vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Caracterización fisicoquímica del fruto de cuque (Solanum vestissimum Dunal) durante la maduración (2013)

La Solanum vestissimum Dunal es una especie silvestre que pertenece a la familia de las Solanáceas, que crece en bosques andinos de Colombia y Venezuela, en altitudes de más de 1.500 msnm y es conocida como cuque en las veredas aledañas al municipio de Duitama en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Teniendo en cuenta la poca información que existe sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas del fruto, se llevó a cabo la caracterización del fruto en tres estados de madurez (verde [&gt,90% color verde], pintón [50% verde, 50% anaranjado] y maduro [&gt,90% anaranjado]). Se recolectaron frutos aleatoriamente en la zona y se determinaron sus características físicas (tamaño, forma, peso, volumen y número de semillas, proporción de las partes del fruto) y químicas (pH, sólidos solubles totales [SST], acidez total titulable [ATT], ácido ascórbico, y la relación de madurez [RM = SST/ATT]). Durante la maduración, el fruto aumentó su tamaño, volumen y peso. Las proporciones de las semillas y de la cáscara disminuyeron, mientras la pulpa aumentó en un 179,7% del estado verde a maduro. Durante la maduración, la ATT disminuyó de 2,36% a 1,24%, mientras los SST y la RM aumentaron de 5,30 a 9,63 °Brix y 2,27 a 7,78, respectivamente. El ácido ascórbico con 28,06 mg/100 g en el cuque maduro es comparable con el del lulo y la uchuva. Con estas características el fruto del cuque se proyecta como un fruto con perspectivas para la agroindustrialización.
Time-Dependent Solid-State Polymorphism of a Series of Donor–Acceptor Dyads (2013)

In order to exploit the use of favorable electrostatic interactions between aromatic units in directing the assembly of donor-acceptor (D-A) dyads, the present work examines the ability of conjugated aromatic D-A dyads with symmetric side chains to exhibit solid-state polymorphism as a function of time during the solid formation process. Four such dyads were synthesized and their packing in the solid-state from either slower (10-20 days) or faster (1-2 days) evaporation from solvent was investigated using single crystal X-ray analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. Two of the dyads exhibited tail-to-tail (A-A) packing upon slower evaporation from solvent and head-to-tail (D-A) packing upon faster evaporation from solvent. A combination of single crystal analysis and XRD patterns were used to create models wherein a packing model for the other two dyads is proposed. Our findings suggest that while side chain interactions in asymmetric aromatic dyads can play an important role in enforcing segregated D-A dyad assembly, slowly evaporating symmetrically substituted aromatic dyads allows for favorable electrostatic interactions between the aromatic moieties to facilitate the organization of the dyads in the solid-state.
A 20 mW 3.24 ${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$ Fully Integrated GPS Radio for Location Based Services (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The challenges in the co-existence of a GPS receiver with cellular phones for Location Based Services are addressed in this paper. A fully integrated GPS radio, realized in a 0.18 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> SiGe technology, demonstrates a 1 dB gain desensitization at 1.9 GHz of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$-$</tex></formula>8 dBm, a noise figure of 5 dB, with 20 mW power consumption. Chip area is 3.24 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$</tex></formula>. The receiver includes a highly selective LNA, key to minimize desensitization and reciprocal mixing due to the large cellphone leakage, a novel quadrature VCO topology capable of directly driving quadrature passive mixer with high swing and low power consumption, complex bandpass filter, variable gain amplifier, automatic gain control, 2–bit quantizer, and a fractional-N sigma-delta-based PLL that can lock to any crystal frequency. </para>
Dynamic Mechanical Response of In Situ Polyurethane—Poly(methyl methacrylate) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (1990)

A rather new synthesis principle yielding the so-called in situ simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) has been elaborated: by selecting an adequate synthesis parameter, the kinetics of formation of both networks, followed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, interfer more or less, and a not negligeable change in the final structure results without having to change the composition. Thus, in a series of polyurethane/poly-(methyl methacrylate) IPNs, the damping behavior differs according to the amount of the polyurethane catalyst added, showing either two transitions, or, more interestingly, one broad transition extending over a large temperature scale.
A 65-nm CMOS 6-Bit 20 GS/s Time-Interleaved DAC With Full-Binary Sub-DACs (2018)

A 6-bit 20 GS/s two-channel time-interleaved current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with compact full-binary sub-DACs is presented. Optimally adjusted transition timings between the input data and the interleaving clock minimize glitches by the time-interleaving switches and enhance the high-frequency linearity. In order to prevent static linearity degradation by the leakage current through the time-interleaving switches, the relationship between the output current and the leakage current is analyzed. The proposed DAC architecture and the pseudo-differential logic gates for the high-speed data interface reduce the circuit complexity as well as the power consumption. The prototype 6-bit 20 GS/s DAC, fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, achieves a spurious-free dynamic range of 35.1 dB up to the Nyquist input, and consumes 136 mW given a 1.2-V power supply.
Abstract P427: Coronary Artery Calcium Assessed Years Before Was Positively Associated With Subtle White-matter Injury in Asymptomatic Middle-aged Men: The Framingham Heart Study (2020)

Introduction: Using magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we previously showed a cross-sectional association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV), a measure of aortic stiffness, and subtle white-matter injury in clinically asymptomatic middle-age adults. Although coronary artery calcification (CAC) predicted cerebral small vessel diseases evident in conventional MR technique in some studies, it remains unclear whether CAC predicts DTI-based subtle white matter injuries. Hypothesis: CAC and CFPWV are associated with global measures of subtle white-matter injury in middle-aged adults free of clinical brain diseases. Methods: We studied third-generation participants of the Framingham Heart Study who were assessed for CAC (2002-2005), CFPWV, and brain DTI (2009-2013). After excluding prevalent stroke, dementia, other neurological conditions, or those with missing data, 1052 participants (women, 45.4%, mean age: 45.4 years) were analyzed. Two DTI-based outcomes were examined (average within voxels from the white matter mask): free water (FW) and FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA). Using linear regression, we calculated slopes of the outcomes per 20-80 th percentiles higher CAC (log-transformed Agatston score) or CFPWV (negative inverse) after adjustment for age and age squared at CAC or CFPWV, time between at CAC/CFPWV and DTI exam, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, total cholesterol, medication(s) for hypertension or dyslipidemia, smoking, and total cranial volume. Results: After multivariable adjustment, in men, CAC was associated only with FA (p=0.033), whereas CFPWV was associated only with FW (p=0.030) ( Figure ). No associations were observed in women. Conclusions: In men, CAC assessed at &gt;7.5 years earlier was associated with worse FA, while CFPWV assessed at 1.7 years earlier was associated with worse FW. CAC may be a sensitive maker to predict subtle white-matter injury in asymptomatic middle-aged men.
Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus from Huh7 Cells Occurs via a trans -Golgi Network-to-Endosome Pathway Independent of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Secretion (2016)

The mechanisms by which infectious hepatitis C virus particles are assembled and released from the cell are poorly understood. We show that the virus subverts host cell trafficking pathways to effect the release of virus particles and disrupts the structure of the Golgi apparatus, a key cellular organelle involved in secretion. In addition, we demonstrate that the mechanisms used by the virus to exit the cell are distinct from those used by the cell to release lipoproteins, suggesting that the virus effects a unique modification to cellular trafficking pathways.
Resolution Enhancement Techniques and Design for Manufacturability: Containing and Accounting for Variabilities in Integrated Circuit Creation (2007)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Asthma, COPD and bronchitis are just components of airway disease (2006)

Diseases of the airways of the lungs are common and include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis, as well as emphysema and bronchiectasis. Their diagnosis is often inaccurate because appropriate measurements are not made 1–3 and the definition of airway disease is still imprecise. For example, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) definition of asthma describes components but fails to give a primary definition which distinguishes the disease from others 4. The Canadian definition of COPD includes partly reversible airflow limitation, which is what many would define as asthma 5. Therefore, it seems appropriate to reconsider how we diagnose and define airway disease; this is important in order to optimise treatment.

The components (characteristics, features, etc. ) of airway disease include symptoms, variable airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, chronic airflow limitation and airway inflammation, as well as emphysema and bronchiectasis (fig. 1⇓). They can exist in various combinations. Airway inflammation is central to all other components. It is a cause of symptoms, variable airflow limitation through release of bronchoconstrictor mediators, and chronic airflow limitation through remodelling with structural changes. It also increases airway responsiveness. These components correlate poorly with one another 6–9. The best correlation is between the diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and airway responsiveness 10, which is not surprising since the latter is an important determinant of the former. Symptoms of chest tightness, wheezing, dyspnoea, cough and sputum are all nonspecific since they can result from each of the other components, as well as other respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions. Hence, measurements are needed to be certain as to what the symptoms are associated with.



Fig. 1— 
Relationships between components of airway diseases. Airway inflammation influences all other components, including emphysema and bronchiectasis, which are not shown. Airway hyperresponsiveness is an …
Supplementary Figure Legends from Sunitinib Stimulates Expression of VEGFC by Tumor Cells and Promotes Lymphangiogenesis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for supplemental figures&lt;/p&gt;
46.1: Invited Paper : Integrated a‐Si:H TFT Gate Driver Circuits on Large Area TFT‐LCDs (2007)

Abstract Integrated a‐Si:H TFT gate driver circuits on large area TFT‐LCDs are reviewed. A novel AC‐biased holding circuit to stabilize the floating node of the shift register on the gate drivers is proposed to improve the driver reliability. Experimental confirmation validates that the new a‐Si:H TFT gate drivers are highly reliable
Left Ventricular Response to Isometric Exercise in Aortic Valve Diseases and Its Value in the Optimal Timing of Aortic Valve Replacement (1983)

In order to evaluate the left ventricular response to isometric exercise in different types of aortic valve disease, isometric exercise tests were performed during cardiac catheterization in 14 patients with pure aortic stenosis, 20 with combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and 18 with pure aortic regurgitation. Patients with angina pectoris in whom coronary angiography had not been performed were excluded. Thirty-seven patients were recatheterized 12 months after aortic valve replacement, and the ventricular response to exercise was re-evaluated. Preoperatively, the ejection fraction did not change significantly during exercise in patients with aortic stenosis, tended to decrease in patients with combined valve lesion, and decreased significantly in patients with aortic regurgitation (p less than 0.001). In the three patients whose ejection fraction during preoperative exercise decreased to below 0.40, it remained below 0.50 after successful aortic valve replacement. It appears possible to reveal left ventricular dysfunction in many patients with aortic regurgitation and in some with combined aortic valve disease by means of isometric exercise. The severely depressed ventricular dysfunction during exercise does not appear to correct totally after surgery.
A 1.5V 0.7-2.5GHz CMOS Quadrature Demodulator for Multi-Band Direct-Conversion Receivers (2006)

This paper presents an integrated quadrature demodulator with on-chip frequency divider implemented in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology. The mixer consists of a transconductance stage, a passive current switching stage, and an operational amplifier output stage. A complementary input architecture has been used to increase the transconductance for a given bias current. From 700MHz to 2.5GHz, the demodulator achieves 10dB DSB NF with 9-33 kHz 1/f-noise corner and 35dB of low frequency voltage gain. The total chip draws 20mA-24mA from a single 1.5V supply
ChemInform Abstract: TWO SIMPLE METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TRIALKYL α‐AMINOPHOSPHONOACETATES. TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONYL AZIDE AS AN AZIDE‐TRANSFER AGENT (1980)

Abstract Durch Addition von Diethylphosphit (II) an die Schiffschen Basen (I) und anschließende Hydrierung des Addukts (III) werden die Aminophosphonoessigsäureester (IV) erhalten.
Letters to the Editor (2003)

Menopause, published monthly, provides a forum for new research, applied basic science, and clinical guidelines on all aspects of menopause. The scope and usefulness of the journal extend beyond gynecology, encompassing many varied biomedical areas, including internal medicine, family practice, medical subspecialties such as cardiology and geriatrics, epidemiology, pathology, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and pharmacology. This forum is essential to help integrate these areas, highlight needs for future research, and enhance health care.
Digital Lightwave Receivers: An Experimentally Validated System Model (2011)

In this letter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that is typically employed in current state-of-the-art high bit rate lightwave communication systems experiments is characterized for a broad range of input powers in order to develop a reliable model for simulation purposes. We show that the receiver performance is dominated by the digitizer noise, especially at low powers. This is particularly important for burst-mode receivers that have to cope with a large variation in input power. Simulation results show a good agreement with experimentally received intensity modulated data at 10.7 Gb/s with powers ranging from <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex> </formula> 6 to <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex> </formula> 18 dBm.
Aberrant crypts correlate with tumor incidence in F344 rats treated with azoxymethane and phytate (1992)

Aberrant crypts are putative preneoplastic lesions that have been proposed as intermediate biomarkers for colon cancer. The goals of these studies were to determine (i) if the colon cancer chemopreventive agent, sodium phytate, when started 1 week after a single dose of carcinogen, has any effect on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in treated rats; and (ii) if ACF at an early time period under these conditions correlate with the later formation of tumors in similarly treated animals. The number of ACF with four or more crypts was greater (P = 0.02, Mann-Whitney test) in rats with tumors compared with rats without tumors killed at 36 weeks after the injection of azoxymethane (AOM); the total number of ACF was not significantly different in these two groups. The incidence of tumors in F344 rats treated with AOM without phytate was 83% (10/12) compared to 25% (3/12) in rats treated with AOM plus phytate (P = 0.0045, two-tail Fisher's exact test). The finding of more (P = 0.005, Mann-Whitney test) ACF with four or more crypts in rats without phytate than in rats with phytate at 12 weeks after the injection of AOM is consistent with the hypothesis that the development of larger ACF (with four or more crypts) is predictive of the tumor incidence. These results validate the use of this parameter, i.e. ACF with four or more crypts, as an intermediate biomarker for tumor incidence in this system.