gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automatic peak-valley current mode step-up/step-down DC-DC converter with smooth transition (2013)

This paper presents an automatic peak-valley current mode step-up/step-down DC-DC converter with high efficiency, small output voltage ripple, and fast transient response. The converter could automatically changes between peak and valley current modes by using the proposed control scheme. The switching loss is reduced by operating in pure buck or pure boost mode, and the conducting loss in transition mode is reduced by decreasing the average inductor current. The output voltage ripple is alleviated by introducing two transition modes. A fast load transient response is achieved with a small overshoot and undershoot voltage. The proposed converter has been designed with a standard 0.5µm CMOS process. The output voltage can be regulated from 2.5V to 5.5V with the input voltage in the same range. The output voltage ripple is less than 10mV in all operation modes. The maximum load current is 600mA, and the peak efficiency is 95%.
Optimization of Electrospray Ionization Source Parameters for Lipidomics To Reduce Misannotation of In-Source Fragments as Precursor Ions (2018)

Lipidomics requires the accurate annotation of lipids in complex samples to enable determination of their biological relevance. We demonstrate that unintentional in-source fragmentation (ISF, common in lipidomics) generates ions that have identical masses to other lipids. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), for example, generate in-source fragments with the same mass as free fatty acids and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE). The misannotation of in-source fragments as true lipids is particularly insidious in complex matrixes since most masses are initially unannotated and comprehensive lipid standards are unavailable. Indeed, we show such LPE/LPC misannotations are incorporated in the data submitted to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) interlaboratory comparison exercise. Computer simulations exhaustively identified potential misannotations. The selection of in-source fragments of highly abundant lipids as features, instead of the correct recognition of trace lipids, can potentially lead to (i) missing the biologically relevant lipids (i.e., a false negative) and/or (ii) incorrect assignation of a phenotype to an incorrect lipid (i.e., false positive). When ISF is not eliminated in the negative ion mode, ∼40% of the 100 most abundant masses corresponding to unique phospholipids measured in plasma were artifacts from ISF. We show that chromatographic separation and ion intensity considerations assist in distinguishing precursor ions from in-source fragments, suggesting ISF may be especially problematic when complex samples are analyzed via shotgun lipidomics. We also conduct a systematic evaluation of electrospray ionization (ESI) source parameters on an Exactive equipped with a heated electrospray ionization (HESI-II) source with the objective of obtaining uniformly appropriate source conditions for a wide range of lipids, while, at the same time, reducing in-source fragmentation.
A Study on Vortex Shedding From Spheres in a Uniform Flow (1990)

Vortex shedding from spheres at Reynolds numbers from 3 × 102 to 4 × 104 in a uniform flow was investigated experimentally. Standard hot-wire technique were used to measure the vortex shedding frequency from spheres in a low-speed wind tunnel. Flow-visualization experiments were carried out in a water channel. Important results from the investigation were that (i) the variation of the Strouhal number St (=fD/U0, U0: freestream velocity, D: diameter of the sphere, f: vortex shedding frequency) with the Reynolds number (= U0D/v, v: kinematic viscosity) can be classified into four regions, (ii) the Reynolds number at which the hairpinshaped vortices begin to change from laminar to turbulent vortices so that the wake structure behind the sphere is not shown clearly when a Reynolds number of about 800 is reached, and (vi) at Reynolds numbers ranging from 8X102 to 1.5X104, the higher and lower frequency modes of the Strouhal number coexist.
Effects of soybean meal level on growth performance of 11- to 25-kg nursery pigs12 (2020)

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal (SBM) level in diets with or without 25% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of nursery pigs raised in university or commercial facilities. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of SBM (27.5%, 32.5%, or 37.5% of the diet) and DDGS (0% or 25% of the diet). A total of 296, 2,502, 4,118, and 711 pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 10.6, 11.7, 12.5, and 12.3 kg were used in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There were 10, 16, 13, and 12 replicates per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. After weaning, pigs were fed common diets for approximately 21 d. Then, pens of pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking factor and experimental diets were fed for 21 d. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect. Single degree-of-freedom contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SBM and their interactions with DDGS. Pigs used in all experiments did not undergo major health challenges during the experimental period and due to the low number of mortality and cull events, statistical analysis was not performed on these variables. The average cull rate was 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0%, and the mortality rate was 0.7%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0% in Exp. 1-4, respectively. There were interactions (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.039) between SBM and DDGS for G:F and CE in Exp. 2 and for ADG and ADFI in Exp. 3. These were mostly driven by increasing SBM negatively affecting performance in a greater magnitude when diets contained DDGS compared to diets without DDGS. The main effects of DDGS and SBM were more consistently observed across experiments. Pigs fed diets with 25% DDGS had decreased (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) ADG and ADFI in all experiments, as well as poorer (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.028) G:F and CE except for Exp. 3. Feeding increasing amounts of SBM generally did not result in any major impact in ADG but consistently improved (linear, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.078) G:F and CE across experiments.
Four stellar-diameter measurements by a new technique : amplitude interferometry. (1974)

Diameters are reported for four late-type giant stars, a Boo, a Ori, a Tau, and p Peg. The diameters were obtained with a new kind of interferometer designed expressly to operate in the presence of atmospheric fluctuations. The new technique, called amplitude interferometry, is briefly described. The results include measurements of a Ori at several wavelengths. Subject headings: image processing - instruments - late-type stars
A Multi-Objective Optimizing Control Method for Boiler-Turbine Coordinated Control (2007)

The traditional optimizing control method is mainly based on the single control objective optimization, which is not enough for the overall coordinated control system of power plant. So this paper proposes a multi-objective optimizing control method, including two optimization procedures. Firstly, to formulate the multiple control and optimization objective of the overall boiler-turbine system, then to obtain its optimal solution by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, that is, the optimal trajectory reference values of power plant. Secondly, with these optimizing references, we set up the resulting constrained predictive control system based on fuzzy gain scheduling and the global fuzzy model of thermal processes. It can ensure the global optimization ability of close-loop control system. Finally, the multi-objective optimizing control strategy is applied in the MIMO boiler-turbine coordinated control system. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method even under wide load demand changes. More than with the satisfaction of multi-objective requirements, the resulting control system can also maintain satisfactory load-tracking performance and other control aim.
A less conservative robust control method for a class of nonpassive uncertain systems (2021)

Abstract In robust control problems, how to elicit and utilize the uncertainty information is the key in achieving a good robust performance. For passive uncertainties, the phase bound plays a fundamental role. For nonpassive uncertainties, the gain bound is used up to date. The former leads to the passivity approach and the later to the small‐gain approach. A recently developed bounded positive real model succeeded in extracting both the phase and the gain information from passive uncertainties. However, it is still not known how to model the phase bound of a nonpassive uncertainty. Aiming at achieving an even higher performance for nonpassive uncertain systems, this article proposes a new model together with a modeling procedure for a class of nonpassive uncertainties. This model well captures both the gain and the phase features of the nonpassive uncertainty. Further, a numerically tractable design method is developed by extending the passivity method. The advantage of the proposed method is demonstrated through a real‐world case study.
Phosphorylation of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I and activation by protein kinase C. (1990)

The influence of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I phosphorylation on enzyme activity has been investigated. Dephosphorylation by calf intestine alkaline phosphatase abolished the DNA relaxing activity of DNA topoisomerase I and the sensitivity of the enzyme to its specific inhibitor, camptothecin. DNA topoisomerase I could be reactivated by incubation with purified protein kinase C. DNA topoisomerase I was then able to relax supercoiled DNA processively, like the native enzyme, and to cleave 32P-end-labeled SV40 DNA fragments at the same sequences as the native enzyme in the presence of camptothecin. These results show that active DNA topoisomerase I is a phosphoprotein and suggest a possible regulatory role of protein kinase on topoisomerase I activity and on its sensitivity to camptothecin.
Sobre los medicamentos homeopáticos mexicanos (2013)

A lo largo de 155 anos, los medicos homeopatas e instituciones academicas han promovido el estudio y la configuracion de las patogenesias de diversos remedios mexicanos. Este trabajo relata la historia de 54 de ellas y senala datos especificos acerca de su accion terapeutica. Es importante resaltar las investigaciones en torno a Meteorita campo cielo (es la primera vez en la historia que se experimenta con un meteorito), y Cinis popo (ceniza del volcan Popocatepetl)
Pathogen Safety of Long-Term Treatments for Bleeding Disorders: (Un)Predictable Risks and Evolving Threats (2013)

Correction to: Pathogen Safety of Long-Term Treatments for Bleeding Disorders: (Un)Predictable Risks and Evolving ThreatsSemin Thromb Hemost 2013; 39(07): 779-793DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1354420
A supersensitive sensor for rutin detection based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrodes (2012)

A new voltammetric sensor was designed by covering a layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a carbon paste electrode that was pre-mixed in some multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). This sensor exhibited super sensitive detection of the electroactive flavonoid rutin due to the large surface area and good conductivity of MWCNT and AuNPs. Cyclic voltammetry curves at various scan rates and pH were recorded to investigate the redox properties of rutin. Further experiments demonstrated that the oxidative peaks increased linearly with rutin concentrations in the ranges of 4.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 2.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of 4.0 × 10−11 mol L−1. The method was successfully applied to detect rutin in medicine tablets with satisfactory results.
Efficacy of Cut-and-Sew Box Isolation of the Posterior Left Atrium for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation�Long-term Follow-up after a Modified Maze Procedure (2012)

Despite reliable transmural isolation with cut-and-sew lesions, we observed long-term arrhythmia recurrence in patients who had preoperative paroxysmal or short persistent AF, suggesting that therapy approaches that are more complex than box isolation might be needed for selected patients to achieve long-term stable sinus rhythm, despite the initially paroxysmal or short persistent character of the arrhythmia. A high rate of recurrence in patients with severe structural heart disease and preoperative long persistent AF might indicate that, in general, isolation of the left posterior atrium alone is not an adequate therapeutic approach for these patients.
Complex Molecule Synthesis, a Personal View (2017)

Abstract Our ability to synthesize complex molecules reflects the capabilities and status of synthetic methodology at a given time. Accordingly the targets of actual syntheses have become ever more challenging over the last fifty years. This is showcased in this review with reference to five syntheses, the author chose as his personal preference.
Reactions 19F(γ,xγ′) and 31P(γ,xγ′) (1972)

The spectra of deexcitation gamma rays following photodisintegration of 19 F and 31 P have been measured to study further the reaction channels involved in photodisintegration of nonclosed shell nuclei. Besides (γ,n) and (γ,p) decays to excited states of the residual nuclei, strong (γ,α) channels from 19 F to the first excited state of 15 N and from 31 P to the first two excited states of 27 Al were observed.
You Only Look Once, But Compute Twice: Service Function Chaining for Low-Latency Object Detection in Softwarized Networks (2021)

With increasing numbers of computer vision and object detection application scenarios, those requiring ultra-low service latency times have become increasingly prominent; e.g., those for autonomous and connected vehicles or smart city applications. The incorporation of machine learning through the applications of trained models in these scenarios can pose a computational challenge. The softwarization of networks provides opportunities to incorporate computing into the network, increasing flexibility by distributing workloads through offloading from client and edge nodes over in-network nodes to servers. In this article, we present an example for splitting the inference component of the YOLOv2 trained machine learning model between client, network, and service side processing to reduce the overall service latency. Assuming a client has 20% of the server computational resources, we observe a more than 12-fold reduction of service latency when incorporating our service split compared to on-client processing and and an increase in speed of more than 25% compared to performing everything on the server. Our approach is not only applicable to object detection, but can also be applied in a broad variety of machine learning-based applications and services.
In-Line Digital Holographic Measurement for Liquid-Liquid Flows (2013)

This article deals with a direct application of digital in line holography to liquid droplets dispersed in a continuous liquid phase. The droplet size imposes a regime of intermediate-field diffraction hardly explored to date. Acquired diffraction patterns show that the usual dark disk model is not valid and that good agreement is obtained with a mixed model coupling thin lens with opaque disk. Hologram focusing is nevertheless performed with a dedicated automated method. A literature review has been conducted to identify the sharpest autofocus function for our application. In a second step, in order to measure high retention rates, an inverse problem approach is then applied on all the outliers and missing droplets. This hologram restitution treatment has been applied to experimental results with a comparison to independent measurements.© 2013 ASME
Stacking fault energy of 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC single crystals (2000)

Abstract Single crystal 4H and 6H polytypes of SiC have been deformed in compression at 1300°C. All the deformation-induced dislocations were found to be dissociated into two partials bounding a ribbon of intrinsic stacking fault. Using two-beam bright-field and weak-beam dark-field techniques of transmission electron microscopy, the stacking fault energy of these two SiC polytypes has been determined from the separation width of the two partials of dissociated dislocations. The stacking fault energy of 4H-SiC is determined to be 14.7±2.5mJm−2, and that of 6H-SiC to be 2.9±0.6mJm−2. As a verification, the stacking fault energy of 4H-SiC has been determined also from the minimum radius of curvature of extended nodes. This latter method gave a value of 12.2±1.1mJm−2 which is within the range determined from measurement of partial dislocation separations. The experimental values of stacking fault energy for 4H- and 6H-SiC have been compared with estimates obtained from a generalized axial next-nearest-neighbour Ising (ANNNI) spin model. It is found that the theoretical models predict the lower stacking fault energy of 6H-SiC compared with that of 4H-SiC, and the predicted energies are, respectively, within 5% and 40% of the experimental values.
INFERRING DISEASE-RELATED PATHWAYS USING A PROBABILISTIC EPISTASIS MODEL (2008)

We present a probabilistic model called a Joint Intervention Network (JIN) for inferring interactions among a chosen set of regulator genes. The input to the method are expression changes of downstream indicator genes observed under the knock-out of the regulators. JIN can use any number of perturbation combinations for model inference (e.g. single, double, and triple knock-outs). RESUITS/CONCLUSIONS: We applied JIN to a Vibrio cholerae regulatory network to uncover mechanisms critical to its environmental persistence. V. cholerae is a facultative human pathogen that causes cholera in humans and responsible for seven pandemics. We analyzed the expression response of 17 V. cholerae biofilm indicator genes under various single and multiple knock-outs of three known biofilm regulators. Using the inferred network, we were able to identify new genes involved in biofilm formation more accurately than clustering expression profiles.
Insertion strategy for EUV lithography (2012)

The first use of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography in logic manufacturing is targeted for the 14 nm node, with possible earlier application to 20-nm node logic device back-end layers to demonstrate the technology. Use of EUV lithography to pattern the via-levels will allow the use of dark-field EUV masks with low pattern densities and will postpone the day when completely defect-free EUV mask blanks are needed. The quality of the imaging at the 14 nm node with EUV lithography is considerably higher than with double-dipole or double-exposure double-etch 193-nm immersion lithography, particularly for 2-dimensional patterns such as vias, because the Rayleigh k<sub>1</sub>-value when printing with 0.25 numerical aperture (NA) EUV lithography is so much higher than with 1.35 NA 193-nm immersion lithography and the process windows with EUV lithography are huge. In this paper, the status of EUV lithography technology as seen from an end-user perspective is summarized and the current values of the most important metrics for each of the critical elements of the technology are compared to the values needed for the insertion of EUVL into production at the 14 nm technology node.
Transfer of surface‐active agents across a liquid‐liquid interface (1971)

Abstract Analytical solutions are obtained for the transfer of an adsorbing solute across a liquid‐liquid interface taking into account the effects of molecular diffusion in both bulk phases, adsorptive accumulation at the interface, and energy barriers to adsorption and/or desorption. These solutions show that while adsorptive accumulation alone affects the transfer rate but little, the presence of an adsorption or desorption barrier can significantly affect the bulk concentration profiles and decrease the mass transfer rate. The presence of a desorption barrier is shown to cause the dynamic interfacial tension to pass through a minimum below the steady state value. For some systems it is conceivable that the interfacial tension minimum would be sufficiently low that a slight agitation would result in spontaneous emulsification. Dynamic interfacial tension data for oil‐water systems with interface ages from 0.05 to 1.5 sec. are obtained using a laminar contracting liquid jet. The data indicate the presence of a small net desorption barrier to the transfer of normal and isobutyric acids from oil to water and large barriers to both the adsorption and desorption of 1,5 pentanediol.
$\Sigma_2$ Collection and Maximal Sets (1988)

The subject of reverse recursion theory studies the following basic question $(^{*})$ : What axioms of Peano arithmetic are required, or suffi- cient, to prove theorems in recursion theory ?This question (perhaps first raised by Stephen Simpson) is a natural offshoot of a related, more gen- eral question: Which set existence axioms of second order arithmetic are required, or sufficient, to prove theorems in ordinary mathematics (Simp- son [1985]) ?While it was only in recent years that investigations were carried out on $(^{*})$ , some of the answers obtained have nevertheless been very interesting-not only because they provide a better understanding of the fundamental constructions in recursion theory, but also because many of the techniques used to obtain the answers were inspired by those introduced in $\alpha$ recursion theory.Indeed in many cases the original tech- niques appear to fit snugly into the new situation, giving the impression of a technical development that is historically correct.Our purpose here is to study the question on the existence of maximal sets, prove a general nonexistence result of these sets for a wide class of models of $P^{-}+B\Sigma_{2}$ , and to point out the connection of the proof techniques with those in $\alpha$ recursion theory.Let $P^{-}$ be the set of axioms of Peano arithmetic minus the induction scheme.These consist of universal closures of the following: $x'\neq 0$ $(x'=y')arrow(x=y)$ $x\neq 0arrow 0'\leq x$ $x<yrightarrow(\exists t)(x+t'=y)$ $x<y\vee x=y\vee x>y$ /
Total Synthesis and Comparative Analysis of Orlistat, Valilactone, and a Transposed Orlistat Derivative:  Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase (2006)

Concise syntheses of orlistat (Xenical), a two-carbon transposed orlistat derivative, and valilactone are described that employ the tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization (TMAL) process as a key step. This process allows facile modification of the alpha-side chain. Versatile strategies for modifying the delta-side chain are described, involving cuprate addition and olefin metathesis. Comparative antagonistic activity of these derivatives toward a recombinant form of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase is reported along with comparative activity-based profiling.