gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Copolymer‐Specific Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune Responses by Ethanol (1994)

Excessive alcohol consumption represents a major human health threat. The frequency and severity of infections in alcoholics is often pronounced, suggesting impaired immune function in these patients. The precise effect of ethanol on cells of the immune system is poorly understood. We have previously shown that synthetic copolymers of L-amino acids, GT and GAT, are powerful tools for clarifying the role of regulatory T-cells in both cell-mediated and humoral immunity in inbred mouse strains. We asked whether these same antigens would have application to a murine model of ethanol consumption. In this study, female mice were placed on a nutritionally complete liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories. As control, mice either were placed on a liquid control diet that isocalorically substitutes sucrose for ethanol or remained on a solid diet consisting of standard laboratory chow and water ad libitum. Our data show that the liquid ethanol diet severely inhibits two measures of cell-mediated immunity, the ability of responder B6 mice to make an anti-GAT delayed hypersensitivity and GAT-specific T-cell proliferative responses as compared with pair-fed liquid control diet or solid diet controls. On the contrary, this liquid ethanol diet does not significantly impair humoral immunity; it allows nonresponder C57BL/6 or C3H/HeN mice to respond in vivo to GT immunization. These findings suggested to us that the effect of ethanol may occur prior to antigenic stimulation, and this was confirmed by in vitro immunization.
Cortical beta burst dynamics are altered in Parkinson's disease but normalized by deep brain stimulation (2022)

Exaggerated subthalamic beta oscillatory activity and increased beta range cortico-subthalamic synchrony have crystallized as the electrophysiological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. Beta oscillatory activity is not tonic but occurs in 'bursts' of transient amplitude increases. In Parkinson's disease, the characteristics of these bursts are altered especially in the basal ganglia. However, beta oscillatory dynamics at the cortical level and how they compare with healthy brain activity is less well studied. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study sensorimotor cortical beta bursting and its modulation by subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients and age-matched healthy controls. We show that the changes in beta bursting amplitude and duration typical of Parkinson's disease can also be observed in the sensorimotor cortex, and that they are modulated by chronic subthalamic deep brain stimulation, which, in turn, is reflected in improved motor function at the behavioural level. In addition to the changes in individual beta bursts, their timing relative to each other was altered in patients compared to controls: bursts were more clustered in untreated Parkinson's disease, occurring in 'bursts of bursts', and re-burst probability was higher for longer compared to shorter bursts. During active deep brain stimulation, the beta bursting in patients resembled healthy controls' data. In summary, both individual bursts' characteristics and burst patterning are affected in Parkinson's disease, and subthalamic deep brain stimulation normalizes some of these changes to resemble healthy controls' beta bursting activity, suggesting a non-invasive biomarker for patient and treatment follow-up.
Tissue transglutaminase antibodies in celiac disease: focus on thepediatric population (2011)

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder induced by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2; tTG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and antibodies against tTG are used as serological markers for the diagnosis of CD. Discovery of tTG as the autoantigen for endomysial antibodies changed the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected CD and, importantly, made screening for CD more accurate and easier to perform. Studies in pediatric populations confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of immunoglobulin A (IgA) tTG antibodies in the diagnosis of CD. The aim of this review is to summarize the data on the role of tTG in the pathogenesis of CD and to present current evidence on the accuracy of IgA tTG, IgG tTG and IgA tTG point-of-care tests in the diagnosis of CD in children. This review shows why IgA tTG antibodies replaced endomysial antibodies as the preferred serological marker due to the ease of their use, their high sensitivity and specificity, and the high correlation between high titers and intestinal mucosal lesions.
Fluid Dynamics of Bacterial Turbulence (2013)

Self-sustained turbulent structures have been observed in a wide range of living fluids, yet no quantitative theory exists to explain their properties. We report experiments on active turbulence in highly concentrated 3D suspensions of Bacillus subtilis and compare them with a minimal fourth-order vector-field theory for incompressible bacterial dynamics. Velocimetry of bacteria and surrounding fluid, determined by imaging cells and tracking colloidal tracers, yields consistent results for velocity statistics and correlations over 2 orders of magnitude in kinetic energy, revealing a decrease of fluid memory with increasing swimming activity and linear scaling between kinetic energy and enstrophy. The best-fit model allows for quantitative agreement with experimental data.
Emulsion templating of poly (acrylic acid) by ammonium hydroxide/sodium hydroxide aqueous mixture for high-dispersed hollow silica nanoparticles (2016)

A water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, in which the water phase including poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), ammonium hydroxide (NH3 aq.), and sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions (NaOH aq.) dispersed in ethanol (EtOH), was proposed for producing hollow silica nanoparticles. The PAA molecules with the NH3-NaOH mixture are insoluble in EtOH and can be a template. When tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is added as a silica source, a silica shell is formed on the PAA-NH3-NaOH template to form a core-shell particle and the addition of water removes the template to form hollow silica nanoparticles. The optimum volume ratio of 25% NH3:1.0 M NaOH was 2:1 to obtain high-dispersed hollow silica nanoparticles. A thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the condensation force of the PAA molecules in the PAA-NH3-NaOH template is similar to that in the PAA-NH3 template. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis also showed that the electron densities in the PAA-NH3-NaOH and PAA-NH3 templates are similar. In the proposed PAA-NH3-NaOH system, NH3 aq. mainly contributes to form PAA condensation by an ionic interaction and NaOH aq. preferentially work as a sol-gel catalyst for the fast silica coating on the template surface.
A feasibility study of stripline-fed slots arranged as a planar array with circular grid and circular boundary (1989)

An experimental study of the self-impedance of stripline-fed slots has been undertaken, with slot length and slot offset relative to the strip as parameters. The slot is cut in one wall of a parallel plate waveguide, and locally a cylindrical cavity is created around the slot by two rho =constant walls and two phi =constant walls. Such cavities can be used as modules to build a circular-grid planar array. Anticipating a corporate feed, it is demonstrated that sufficient dynamic range in the self-impedance to overcome the effects of mutual coupling is achievable, thereby opening up the prospect of an efficient circular-grid array for seeker antenna applications that require good sum and difference patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Split and Merge Unscented (2009)

Inthisworkwepresentanovelapproachtononlinear, non-Gaussian tracking problems based on splitting and merging Gaussian filters in order to increase the level of detail of the fil- tering density in likely regions of the state space and reduce it in unlikely ones. As this is only effective in the presence of nonlin- earities, we describe a split control technique that prevents filters from being split if they operate in linear regions of state space. In simulations with polar measurements, the new algorithm reduced the mean square error by nearly 50% compared to the unscented Kalman filter.
Staining and quantification of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cupriavidus necator cell populations using automated flow cytometry (2005)

BODIPY 493/503 produced an overall better staining for PHB than did Nile red. When combined with the automated system, this technique provides a new method for the online monitoring and control of bioreactors.
trans-dominant interference with virus infection at two different stages by a mutant envelope protein of Friend murine leukemia virus (1993)

A dominant negative mutant Friend murine leukemia virus (FMLV) env gene was cloned from an immunoselected Friend erythroleukemia cell. The mutant env had a point mutation which resulted in a Cys-to-Arg substitution at the 361st amino acid in the FMLV envelope protein (Env). The mutant Env was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and accumulated because of its slow degradation. The NIH 3T3 cells expressing the mutant env were resistant to ecotropic Moloney MLV (MoMLV) penetration, suggesting that the mutant Env traps the ecotropic MLV receptors in the ER. When the mutant env gene was transfected into and expressed in the cells persistently infected with MoMLV, the wild-type Env was trapped in the ER, and the MoMLV production was suppressed. Thus, the mutant Env accumulating in the ER trans-dominantly and efficiently interfered with the ecotropic MLV infection at both the early and the late stages.
Spray Processable Hybrid 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene: Phenylene Electrochromic Polymers (2006)

The optical and redox properties of a new family of thiophene−phenylene-based molecules are reported. The monomers 1,4-bis[2-(3,3-dimethyl-(3,4-propylenedioxy)thienyl]-2,5-didodecyloxybenzene (BProDOT-Me2-B(OC12H25)2) and 1,4-bis[2-(3,3-dihexyl-(3,4-propylenedioxy)thienyl]-2,5-didodecyloxybenzene (BProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2) have been synthesized via Negishi coupling of the alkyl-substituted ProDOT and didodecyloxyphenylene units in ca. 40% yields. They were efficiently electropolymerized to form electroactive films which exhibit redox switching at fairly low potentials (∼+0.1 V vs Fc/Fc+). BProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2) was polymerized via ferric chloride-mediated chemical oxidation and the polymer isolated after dedoping with hydrazine. A number-average molecular weight of 14 600 g/mol was estimated using size exclusion chromatography, and the polymer structure was confirmed by MALDI mass spectrometry. The polymer is highly soluble in chloroform, THF, and toluene, and homogeneous films were prepared by spin-coating or spray-casting from a chloroform solution. Electronic band gaps of 2.1 eV have been characterized spectroelectrochemically for both the methyl- and hexyl-substituted polymers from the onset of the π to π* transition. PBProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2 electrochemically switches between orange, blue, and highly transmissive-gray colors, making it potentially useful in large area electrochromic displays. It also exhibits solvatochromic properties, being yellow in good solvents and red in poorly solvating solvents. Polymer light-emitting diodes have been prepared with PBProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2 and have shown a strong yellow emission with λmax = 570 nm. The current−voltage characteristics of PBProDOT-Hex2-B(OC12H25)2-based hole-only devices have also been measured and fitted to the space charge limited current model, allowing a direct measurement of the hole mobility which has been determined to be ca. 10-7−10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1.
Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Profiling in Longissimus thoracis Muscle, Subcutaneous Fat, and Liver of Light Lambs in Response to Concentrate or Alfalfa Grazing (2019)

A better understanding of gene expression and metabolic pathways in response to a feeding system is critical for identifying key physiological processes and genes associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in lamb meat. The main objective of this study was to investigate transcriptional changes in <i>L. thoracis</i> (LT) muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat (SF) of lambs that grazed alfalfa (ALF) and concentrate-fed (CON) slaughtered at 23 kg and using the Affymetrix Ovine Gene 1.1 ST whole-genome array. The study also evaluated the relationship between meat traits in LT muscle, including color, pigments and lipid oxidation during 7 days of display, α-tocopherol content, intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the fatty acid (FA) profile. Lambs that grazed on alfalfa had a greater α-tocopherol concentration in plasma than CON lambs (P < 0.05). The treatment did not affect the IMF content, meat color or pigments (P > 0.05). Grazing increased the α-tocopherol content (P < 0.001) and decreased lipid oxidation on day 7 of display (P < 0.05) in LT muscle. The ALF group contained a greater amount of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3, and C22:6 n-3 than did the CON group (P < 0.05). We identified 41, 96 and four genes differentially expressed in LT muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The most enriched biological processes in LT muscle were skeletal muscle tissue development, being the genes related to catabolic and lipid processes downregulated, except for <i>CPT1B</i>, which was upregulated in the ALF lambs. Animals grazing alfalfa had lower expression of desaturase enzymes in the liver (<i>FADS1</i> and <i>FADS2</i>), which regulate unsaturation of fatty acids and are directly involved in the metabolism of n-3 PUFA series. The results found in the current study showed that ingesting diets richer in n-3 PUFA might have negative effects on the <i>de novo</i> synthesis of n-3 PUFA by downregulating the <i>FADS1</i> and <i>FADS2</i> expression. However, feeding diets poorer in n-3 PUFA can promote fatty acid desaturation, which makes these two genes attractive candidates for altering the content of PUFAs in meat.
Study of the stereochemistry, relaxation mechanisms, and internal motions of natural products utilizing proton relaxation parameters: solution and crystal structures of saxitoxin (1980)

It is demonstrated that spin-lattice and cross-relaxation rates of protons are effective and accurate determinants of stereochemistry and internal motion of saxitoxin and hence of natural products in general. Proton relaxation mechanisms are essentially dipolar. Spin-spin analysis of the saxitoxin spectrum gave scalar coupling constants and chemical shifts for all protons. The 3J values for H29, H30, H31, and H32 of the five-membered ring gave interproton distances agreeing within 0.1 Å with those found in the crystal, and the principal side-chain rotamer determined from 3J27,33 and 3J28,34 was that found in the crystal. The double Karplus curve approach used here is a novel approach to R and 5 proton assignment and to determining small-ring stereochemistry. All monoselective, biselective, and nonselective spin-lattice relaxation rates were measured; where monoselective measurements yielded values which still involved cross relaxation, these were corrected to yield true monoselective relaxation rates. The correlation time for each geminal proton vector of the saxitoxin framework was 8.3 X 10-11 s, proving the framework to be rigid. Interproton distances, calculated from cross-relaxation rates, σ, agreed within ±0.2 Å of those found in the crystal and from scalar coupling constants. © 1980, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Design of a Peptide Inhibitor of Tyrosine Kinase 2 (2014)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors show great promise as clinical therapies, but small molecule inhibitors that are available in the clinic and under development bind to the adenosine triphosphate binding domain of the kinase, potentially limiting efficacy and selectivity. The development of antisense peptide inhibitors is a relatively unexplored area of research, and here we investigate inhibitory peptides specific for the Janus-associated kinase (JAK) family member, tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). We have developed peptides that are 2-3 times more selective for TYK2 than other JAK family members, with a TYK2 IC50 of 1.2 μM. In addition, TYK2 inhibitory peptides show specificity for TYK2-mediated functions over JAK1 functions in cell-based assays. These peptides provide a new tool for the development of specific peptide inhibitors for closely related tyrosine kinases.
Non-linear tumor-immune interactions arising from spatial metabolic heterogeneity (2016)

Abstract A hybrid multiscale mathematical model of tumor growth is used to investigate how tumoral and microenvironmental heterogeneity affect the response of the immune system. The model includes vascular dynamics and evolution of metabolic tumor phenotypes. Cytotoxic T cells are simulated, and their effect on tumor growth is shown to be dependent on the structure of the microenvironment and the distribution of tumor phenotypes. Importantly, no single immune strategy is best at all stages of tumor growth.
From one-pot stabilisation to in situ functionalisation in nitroxide mediated polymerisation: an efficient extension towards atom transfer radical polymerisation (2012)

A one-pot controlled method for the nitroxide end-group removal from synthetic polymers prepared by nitroxide mediated polymerisation (NMP) is reported. The strategy relies on the controlled addition of compounds such as thiols, radical initiators and carbon tetrabromide with high chain transfer constants. From a practical point of view, when the desired molar mass and conversion are reached, 1 to 10 equivalents of the transfer agent compared to the nitroxide are added and a few minutes later, after transformation of all chain-ends, the reaction is quenched. The versatility of the procedure was successfully tested with a wide range of monomers (styrene (S), isobornyl acrylate (iBA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA)) and nitroxides (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and N-tert-butyl-1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl nitroxide (SG1)). The removal of the nitroxide end-group proceeds with high fidelity for all the transfer agents studied, while at the same time the thermal stability of the resulting polymer chains increases when thiols are employed. Furthermore, a functional group that allows for chain extension by atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) has been introduced through the direct synthesis of bromine terminated macroinitiators via a chain transfer reaction with carbon tetrabromide.
Immune monitoring in renal transplantation: The search for biomarkers (2016)

It is now widely accepted that in order to improve long-term graft function and survival, a more personalized immunosuppressive treatment of transplant patients according to the individual anti-donor immune response status is needed. This applies to the identification of potentially "high-risk" patients likely to develop acute rejection episodes or display an accelerated decline of graft function, patients who might need immunosuppression intensification, and operationally tolerant patients suitable for immunosuppression minimization or weaning off. Such a patient stratification would benefit from biomarkers, which enable categorization into low and high risk or, ideally, identification of operational tolerant patients. Here, we report on recent developments regarding identification and performance analysis of noninvasive biomarkers such as mRNA and miRNA expression profiles, chemokines, or changes in immune cell subsets in either blood or urine of renal transplant patients. We will also discuss which future steps are needed to accelerate their clinical implementation.
Technical aspects of enzyme utilization: Dry vs liquid enzymes (1997)

It is difficult to draw conclusions on the general technical literature on enzymes, as new developments are rapidly taking place. The general assumption, however, is that liquid enzymes are generally less stable than solids although they may have greater activity than their solid counterparts. In general practice it is assumed that the loss in activity of liquid enzymes due to thermal and mechanical treatments can be substantially minimized once incorporated into the feed, as their hydric content is decreased. The feed acts therefore as a stabilising agent. With present manufacturing processes of enzymes, they can easily be sprayed or added on to special carriers, thus making them more resistant to thermal treatments, although this carries an additional cost in their production. It is therefore generally concluded that the choice of a liquid enzyme, either directly in its liquid form or sprayed or absorbed onto a solid carrier, is in many cases a simple commercial decision. It seems clear that, apart from the intrinsic characteristics of the enzyme utilised, the same enzyme, when applied onto a solid carrier, be it either the feed itself or an adequate carrier, increases its resistance to temperature. On the other hand, when the thermal process of the feed exceeds 90 degrees C, liquid enzymes may present some advantages in terms of activity losses.
Far-infrared spectra of metal atom cluster compounds. I. Mo6X34+ derivatives (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFar-infrared spectra of metal atom cluster compounds. I. Mo6X34+ derivativesF. Albert Cotton, Richard M. Wing, and R. A. ZimmermanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 1, 11–15Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50047a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50047a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Speed Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Method for Substrate Kinetic Determination: Method and Theory (2015)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) allows imaging and analysis of a variety of biological samples, such as living cells. Up to now, it still remains a challenge to successfully decouple signals related to topography and reactivity. Furthermore, such delicate samples require careful adjustment of experimental parameters, such as scan velocity. The present study proposes a method to extract a substrate's kinetic rate by numerical modeling and experimental high speed constant height SECM imaging. This is especially useful for the determination of substrates with unknown surface reaction kinetics and large topographical features. To make this approach applicable to soft cell samples, which cannot be imaged at high velocity, a nonlinear fit strategy is presented to obtain kinetic rate values also under slow scan velocity conditions.