gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable backoff language models (2002)

When a trigram backoff language model is created from a large body of text, trigrams and bigrams that occur few times in the training text are often excluded from the model in order to decrease the model size. Generally, the elimination of n-grams with very low counts is believed to not significantly affect model performance. This project investigates the degradation of a trigram backoff model's perplexity and word error rates as bigram and trigram cutoffs are increased. The advantage of reduction in model size is compared to the increase in word error rate and perplexity scores. More importantly, this project also investigates alternative ways of excluding bigrams and trigrams from a backoff language model, using criteria other than the number of times an n-gram occurs in the training text. Specifically, a difference method has been investigated where the difference in the logs of the original and backed off trigram and bigram probabilities is used as a basis for n-gram exclusion from the model. We show that excluding trigrams and bigrams based on a weighted version of this difference method results in better perplexity and word error rate performance than excluding trigrams and bigrams based on counts alone.
Simulation of High Altitude Power-on-live Robot Based on Pro/E and ADAMS (2015)

In order to solve the existing problems that the manual operation with high risk of the electric power industry,large labor intensity and low degree of automation,combining with the existing various climbing robot at domestic and foreign,on this basis,a kind of high-altitude power-on-live robot suitable for the field is designed.The model with the 3D modeling software Pro / E is established.with the help of the working principle of the robot.Adopting the mechanical dynamics simulation software ADAMS,a virtual prototype model for the whole machine and the dynamics simulation is carried out.Finally,the result demonstrates the feasibility of the design.
Optimal Control of Building HVAC Systems in the Presence of Imperfect Predictions (2012)

This paper deals with the problem of robust model predictive control of an uncertain linearized model of a building envelope and HVAC system. Uncertainty of the model is due to the imperfect predictions of internal and external heat gains of the building. The Open-Loop prediction formulation of the Robust Model Predictive Control (OL-RMPC) is known to be unnecessarily over-conservative in practice. Therefore, we adopt a Closed-Loop prediction formulation of Robust Model Predictive Control (CL-RMPC) which exploits an uncertainty feedback parameterization of the control sequence and results in a tractable formulation of the problem. To improve on the efficiency of CLRMPC we propose a new uncertainty feedback parameterization of the control input, which leads to a number of decision variables linear in time horizon as opposed to quadratic as in previous approaches. To assess our approach we compare three different robust optimal control strategies: nominal MPC which does not have a priori information of the uncertainty, OL-RMPC and CL-RMPC. We show results from a quantitative analysis of performance of these controllers at different prediction error values of the disturbance. Simulations show that CL-RMPC provides a higher level of comfort with respect to OL-RMPC while consuming 36% less energy. Moreover, CL-RMPC maintains perfect comfort level for up to 75% error in the disturbance prediction. Finally, the newly proposed parameterization maintains the performance of CL-RMPC while reducing the simulation time by an average of 30%.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic N‐Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 68. Reactions of 3‐(2‐Bromoethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one and 3‐(2‐Bromoethyl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one with Primary Alkylamines via a Dimroth‐Type Rearrangement. (2011)

Abstract The reaction of quinazolinone or tetrahydroquinazolinone derivatives of type (II) with alkylamines gives 3‐alkyl‐4‐alkylimino compounds of type (IV) via a Dimroth‐type rearrangement or normal substitution products of type (V).
Temperature-Dependent Alterations in Sugar Transport in Cells Infected by a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Rous Sarcoma Virus (1971)

Cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus take up 2-deoxyglucose at a faster rate than uninfected cells, under conditions where transformed and nontransformed cells grow at the same rate. In cells infected by a temperature-sensitive mutant, the stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake is temperature dependent: the increase is observed at the permissive (36 degrees C), but not at the nonpermissive (41.5 degrees ) temperature. When infected cells are shifted from the nonpermissive temperature to the premissive temperature, the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose increases from a rate equal to that of uninfected cells to a rate equal to that of cells infected by the wild-type Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus. The reverse change occurs when the infected cells are shifted from the permissive to the nonpermissive temperature. By the use of cytosine arabinoside, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, it was possible to show that DNA synthesis is neither required for the transformation, which occurs when the infected cells are shifted from the nonpermissive to the permissive temperature, nor for the phenotypic reversion, which occurs in the reverse shift.
Determination of forms of sulphur in plant material by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (1990)

Abstract A method is described for the determination of S 6+ (sulphate) and S c (C—S bonded sulphur) in plant material by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry which is considerably more simple and rapid than the chemical determinations of the corresponding sulphur forms.
Reversible Binding of Gold Nanoparticles to Polymeric Solid Supports (2006)

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are essential components in the design of various functional systems of nanometer dimensions. Their properties are determined by their size and the chemical composition of their capping layer. We have recently presented a scheme for controlled modification of Au NP capping layers by reversible binding to a polymeric solid support via boronic acid chemistry. Octanethiol-stabilized Au NPs were bound reversibly to a polymeric resin derivatized with boronic acid groups. Specially synthesized bifunctional linker molecules carrying a diol on one end and a thiol on the other were bound to the boronic moieties on the resin via the diol group, enabling attachment of Au NPs to the linker-loaded resin through the thiol moiety of the linkers. The resin-bound NPs could be released back to solution by cleaving the boronate ester between the resin and the linker, leaving one (or a few) linker molecule(s) on the NPs. The released NPs retained their properties (optical, solubility) and could be rebound to boronic resins through the linker molecules on their surface. This process of reversible NP binding to a polymeric solid support is studied here in detail. Several boronic-modified resins and linker molecules were prepared and investigated. The chemical conditions for cleavage of the boronate ester were found to be different for NP-free and NP-loaded resins, varying with the type of diol on the linker molecules. Reversible NP binding to high-surface-area solid supports may be useful for preparative reactions on NPs, including controlled NP modification, design of synthetic schemes for modification of NPs under protected conditions, and prevention of NP−NP interactions during chemical manipulation.
Surface coating determines the inflammatory potential of magnetite nanoparticles in murine renal podocytes and mesangial cells (2020)

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event and a dose-limiting factor in patient treatment and is a leading cause of prospective drug attrition during pharmaceutical development. Despite the obvious benefits of nanotherapeutics in healthcare strategies, the clearance of imaging agents and nanocarriers from the body following their therapeutic or diagnostic application generates concerns about their safety for human health. Considering the potency of nanoparticles and their massive utilization in biomedicine the impact of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on cells forming the filtration apparatus of the kidney was studied. Using primary mouse renal glomerular podocytes and mesangial cells, we investigated their response to exposure to magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol and bovine serum albumin. Cultured podocytes were more sensitive to MNPs than mesangial cells displaying signs of cell damage and stronger inflammatory response. Both types of MNPs induced the remodeling of actin fibers, affected the cell shape and triggered expression of inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 in podocytes. On the other hand, iNOS was induced in both renal cell types but only by MNPs with a polyethylene glycol coating. Our results have revealed that the type of cell and the type of nanoparticle coating might be the strongest determinants of cellular response toward nanoparticle exposure. Differences in susceptibility of cells to MNPs might be evident also between neighboring renal cell subpopulations integrally forming functional sub-units of this organ.
Apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo induced by a neutralizing antibody against human basic fibroblast growth factor (1996)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is mitogenic to neuroectoderm- and mesoderm-derived cells and is a potent angiogenic factor. Abundant amounts of this factor and its receptor are detected in human glioma tissues and cells, and bFGF in glioma is thought to be involved in autonomous cell growth as an autocrine growth factor. A neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) against bFGF, 3H3 MAb, has been shown to inhibit both in vitro and in vivo growth of human glioma cell lines. This study shows that the human glioma cell lines U-87MG and U-251MG, which express high levels of bFGF and its receptor, can be induced to undergo apoptosis when cultured with 3H3 MAb. It is also demonstrated that 3H3 MAb can cause apoptosis in the same glioma cells that were transplanted into nude mice. Furthermore, enforced overexpression of bcl-2 protein by gene transfection prevented 3H3 MAb-induced apoptosis of glioma cells. It is concluded that induction of apoptosis by the neutralizing antibody is a promising therapeutic strategy for glioma.
Biomechanical Comparison of First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Constructs Over Prolonged Cyclic Testing (2019)

These results indicate that locked intramedullary devices and medial plates with crossing screws may promote superior bone healing and may better tolerate early weightbearing compared with 2 crossing screws.
Structure and copy number analyses of pap-, sfa-, and afa-related gene clusters in F165-positive bovine and porcine Escherichia coli isolates (1993)

Pathogenic F165-positive Escherichia coli isolates of porcine and bovine origin possess gene clusters related to extraintestinal E. coli fimbrial operons pap, sfa, and afaI. Probes from different segments of the pap, sfa, and afaI operons were used in Southern hybridization to analyze 18 F165-positive, mannose-resistant hemagglutinating E. coli isolates possessing pap- and sfa-, pap- and afa-, or pap-related sequences. Only single copies of the pap-, sfa-, or afa-related sequences were found among the isolates, and the position of each sequence with respect to those of adjacent sequences was variable. Expression of the P and F adhesins individually or concurrently was associated with the presence of a single copy of pap-related sequences. Gene clusters related to pap were structurally similar to the pap operon in certain isolates or the prs operon in others. sfa-related sequences showed few internal structural polymorphisms and were structurally similar to the foc rather than the sfa operon. afa-related sequences showed many internal structural polymorphisms compared with the afa-related sequences from prototype strain KS52. These results demonstrate that the pap- and sfa-related sequences in F165-positive isolates are closely related to the prototype pap operon and foc operon of the P family and Sfa family, respectively. afa-related sequences, on the other hand, display heterogeneity and differ from the prototype afaI operon.
K2S2O8 activation by glucose at room temperature for the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles in water (2021)

While persulfate activation at room temperature using glucose has primarily been focused on kinetic studies of the sulfate radical anion, the utilization of this protocol in organic synthesis is rarely demonstrated. We reinvestigated selected K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>-mediated known organic reactions that invariably require higher temperatures and an organic solvent. A diverse, mild functionalization and synthesis of heterocycles using the inexpensive oxidant K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> in water at room temperature is reported, demonstrating the sustainability and broad scope of the method. Unlike traditional methods used for persulfate activation, the current method uses naturally abundant glucose as a K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> activator, avoiding the use of higher temperature, UV light, transition metals or bases.
Generation of HLA‐deficient platelets from hematopoietic progenitor cells (2010)

Our data show that in vitro generating HLA Class I-deficient PLTs from hematopoietic progenitor cells prove to be feasible. As malignancy risks associated with insertional mutagenesis are not to be expected in anucleated PLTs, provision of HLA-deficient PLTs from large-scale production units may become reality in the management of patients suffering from PLT transfusion refractoriness.
Growth Volatility and Equity Market Liberalization (2002)

Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia results from mutations affecting the low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gain-of-function mutations (GoFm) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) loss-of-function mutations (LoFm). This study examined the long-term efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with PCSK9 GoFm and APOB LoFm who participated in the open-label extension to a Phase 2 double-blind study (NCT01604824). Of the 23 patients who completed the 14-week double-blind period and 8-week follow-up, 21 opted to continue in the open-label extension (PCSK9 GoFm, n = 15; APOB LoFm, n = 6). Patients received alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks from week 32 up to 3 years for PCSK9 GoFm and 2 years for APOB LoFm. Mean duration of alirocumab exposure was 129 weeks (median: 144 weeks). After initiation of alirocumab treatment, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased in both groups. At week 80, mean percent reduction in LDL-C from baseline was 58.0% and 47.1% for PCSK9 GoFm and APOB LoFm groups, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 19 patients (90.5%); no patients discontinued treatment due to treatment-emergent adverse events. In patients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and elevated LDL-C levels despite receiving maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapies, alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks resulted in clinically meaningful reductions in LDL-C, sustained through to 3 years and 2 years for patients with PCSK9 GoFm and APOB LoFm, respectively. Alirocumab was generally well tolerated with no unexpected safety concerns.
Effects of genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone by human cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT2A1 (2018)

The cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) SULT2A1 is known to mediate the sulfation of DHEA as well as some other hydroxysteroids such as pregnenolone. The present study was designed to investigate how genetic polymorphisms of the human SULT2A1 gene may affect the sulfation of DHEA and pregnenolone. Online databases were systematically searched to identify human SULT2A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Of the 98 SULT2A1 non-synonymous coding SNPs identified, seven were selected for further investigation. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate cDNAs encoding these seven SULT2A1 allozymes, which were expressed in BL21 Escherichia coli cells and purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Enzymatic assays revealed that purified SULT2A1 allozymes displayed differential sulfating activity toward both DHEA and pregnenolone. Kinetic analyses showed further differential catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity of the SULT2A1 allozymes, in comparison with wild-type SULT2A1. These findings provided useful information concerning the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the sulfating activity of SULT2A1 allozymes.
Evaluating fatigue resistance of toner-modified asphalt binders using the linear amplitude sweep test (2018)

This paper examines the effect of waste toner on fatigue resistance of asphalt binder. Fatigue resistance of toner-modified asphalt binders was studied implementing the linear amplitude sweep test, which has been approved by AASHTO as a provisional standard and is currently being considered as a specification test for evaluating fatigue resistance of original and modified asphalt binders. The linear amplitude sweep is a cyclic torsion test conducted with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) which uses increasing loading amplitudes to accelerate the damage process. In order to characterise a waste toner as an additive for modifying an original asphalt binder, the XRD test has been done. DSR test results were used to determine fatigue resistance parameters and dissipated energy ratio to investigate fatigue behaviour of toner-modified asphalt binders. This paper argues that the improved fatigue resistance properties of toner-modified asphalt binders are reflected in the enhancement of the number of loading cycles, shortening crack length and degrading dissipated energy which remains in the specimens.
Radiation-induced synthetic lethality: combination of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and RAD51 inhibitors to sensitize cells to proton irradiation (2019)

Although improvements in radiation therapy were made over the years, radioresistance is still a major challenge. Cancer cells are often deficient for DNA repair response, a feature that is currently exploited as a new anti-cancer strategy. In this context, combination of inhibitors targeting complementary pathways is of interest to sensitize cells to radiation. In this work, we used PARP (Olaparib) and RAD51 (B02) inhibitors to radiosensitize cancer cells to proton and X-ray radiation. More particularly, Olaparib and B02 were used at concentration leading to limited cytotoxic (alone or in combination) but increasing cell death when the cells were irradiated. We showed that, although at limited concentration, Olaparib and B02 were able to radiosensitize different cancer cell lines, i.e. lung and pancreatic cancer cells. Antagonistic, additive or synergistic effects were observed and correlated to cell proliferation rate. The inhibitors enhanced persistent DNA damage, delayed apoptosis, prolonged cell cycle arrest and senescence upon irradiation. These results demonstrated that radiation-induced synthetic lethality might widen the therapeutic window, hence extending the use of PARP inhibitors to patients without BRCAness.
Generation of mature human myelomonocytic cells through expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cell–derived lin–CD34+CD43+CD45+ progenitors (2009)

Basic research into human mature myelomonocytic cell function, myeloid lineage diversification and leukemic transformation, and assessment of myelotoxicity in preclinical drug development requires a constant supply of donor blood or bone marrow samples and laborious purification of mature myeloid cells or progenitors, which are present in very small quantities. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a protocol for efficient generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, osteoclasts, DCs, and Langerhans cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). As a first step, we generated lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+ hematopoietic cells highly enriched in myeloid progenitors through coculture of hESCs with OP9 feeder cells. After expansion in the presence of GM-CSF, these cells were directly differentiated with specific cytokine combinations toward mature cells of particular types. Morphologic, phenotypic, molecular, and functional analyses revealed that hESC-derived myelomonocytic cells were comparable to their corresponding somatic counterparts. In addition, we demonstrated that a similar protocol could be used to generate myelomonocytic cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This technology offers an opportunity to generate large numbers of patient-specific myelomonocytic cells for in vitro studies of human disease mechanisms as well as for drug screening.
Advertising Node Admin Tags in BGP Link-State Advertisements (2016)

This document describes the protocol extensions to collect node
administrative tags adevertised in IGP Link State advertisements and
disseminate the same in BGP Link-State advertisement protocol, to
facilitate inter-AS TE applications that may need the same node
administrative tags to associate a subset of network devices spanning
across more than one AS with a specific functionality.
Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI): Evolution of an Investigator-Initiated Research Network (2022)

The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network originated over 20 years ago to foster research to optimize the care of critically ill infants and children. Over this period, PALISI has seen two major evolutions: formalization of our network infrastructure and a broadening of our clinical research focus. First, the network is unique in that its activities and meetings are funded by subscriptions from members who now comprise a multidisciplinary group of investigators from over 90 PICUs all over the United States (US) and Canada, with collaborations across the globe. In 2020, the network converted into a standalone, nonprofit organizational structure (501c3), making the PALISI Network formally independent of academic and clinical institutions or professional societies. Such an approach allows us to invest in infrastructure and future initiatives with broader opportunities for fund raising. Second, our research investigations have expanded beyond the original focus on sepsis and acute lung injury, to incorporate the whole field of pediatric critical care, for example, efficient liberation from mechanical ventilator support, prudent use of blood products, improved safety of intubation practices, optimal sedation practices and glucose control, and pandemic research on influenza and COVID-19. Our network approach in each field follows, where necessary, the full spectrum of clinical and translational research, including: immunobiology studies for understanding basic pathologic mechanisms; surveys to explore contemporary clinical practice; consensus conferences to establish agreement about literature evidence; observational prevalence and incidence studies to measure scale of a clinical issue or question; case control studies as preliminary best evidence for design of definitive prospective studies; and, randomized controlled trials for informing clinical care. As a research network, PALISI and its related subgroups have published over 350 peer-reviewed publications from 2002 through September 2022.
Konstruktionskatalog zur Optimierung des thermischen Verhaltens von Werkzeugmaschinen (1993)

Article Konstruktionskatalog zur Optimierung des thermischen Verhaltens von Werkzeugmaschinen was published on January 1, 1993 in the journal Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (volume 88, issue 1).