gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Wäscheweichspuüler (1993)

Particularly in Germany and Holland, the most common softening component in commercial fabric softeners, ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DTDMAC) has been replaced, by imidazoline derivatives for aquatoxicity reasons, later on by derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-1-trimethyl-ammonium chloride and particularly by quaternised ditallow fatty acid esters of triethanolamine, known as esterquats. In spite of the excellent biodegradability and good aquatoxicity of esterquats we attempted to develop a constituent which effects softnening in a synergistic way with esterquats. So the required amount of esterquat could be decreased. Quaternisation of triethanolamine ditallow fatty acid ester by dimethylsulphate in 30% wt. propoxylated palm oil instead of 10% wt. of 2-propanol, as usual, gives an esterquat with a comparable softening effect on textiles using the same overall amount in a relevant concentration range. Propoxylated palm oil thus does not only act as a solvent, but has additionally a synergistic softening effect together with the esterquat. Propoxylated palm oil has good biodegradability and toxicological acceptability, and thus satisfies all requirements on a constituent of fabric softeners
High-Frequency Modeling and Filter Design for PWM Drives with Long Cables (2021)

Aiming at the problems emerging in a pulse width modulation (PWM) drive system with long cables, the accurate modeling of power cables is the premise for predicting and analyzing these relevant phenomena, and a proper filter design is the key solution to these problems. This paper proposes high-frequency cable models to represent these frequency-dependent characteristics, especially for the high-frequency resistance of cables, which is an easily overlooked factor that determines the damping of overvoltage. The proposed models can be used for accurately representing the cable characteristics in a wide frequency range, and correctly simulating the differential mode (DM) overvoltage and common mode (CM) current, including the peak value, oscillation frequency, and damping of the transient waveform. In addition, improved filter networks are proposed to suppress the DM voltage and CM current, with the merit of low losses, small volume, and excellent abilities for suppressing overvoltage. The proposed cable models and the filter design were validated in a 750 W PWM drive system with 200 m power cables.
Clinical implications of variations in anti-infliximab antibody levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2012)

Discontinuation of IFX is advisable in patients with inadequate response and repeat positive anti-IFX Ab measurements. Anti-IFX Ab can persist for years after discontinuation, which could impact efficacy and safety at retreatment. Continued IFX treatment may, however, be considered in patients with clinical response and a single positive anti-IFX Ab measurement, as anti-IFX Ab disappears in two-thirds of these during continued treatment.
The initiation, propagation and dynamics of CRISPR-SpyCas9 R-loop complex (2017)

CRISPR-Cas9 system has been widely used for efficient genome editing. Although the structures of Cas9 protein in complex with single-guided RNA (sgRNA) and target DNA have been resolved, the molecular details about the formation of Cas9 endonuclease R-loop structure remain elusive. Here we examine the DNA cleavage activities of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpyCas9) and its mutants using various target sequences and study the conformational dynamics of R-loop structure during target binding using single-molecule fluorescence energy transfer (smFRET) technique. Our results show that Cas9-sgRNA complex divides the target DNA into several distinct domains: protospacer adjacent motif, linker, Seed, Middle and Tail. After seed pairing, the Cas9 transiently retains a semi-active conformation and induces the cleavage of either target or non-target strand. smFRET studies demonstrate that an intermediate state exists in prior to the formation of the fully stable R-loop complex. Kinetics analysis of this new intermediate state indicates that the lifetime of this state increases when the base-pairing length of guide-DNA hybrid duplex increases and reaches the maximum at the size of 18 bp. These data provide new insights into the process of R-loop formation and reveal the source of off-targeting in CRISPR/Cas9 system.
[Antineoplastic activity of 5-fluorouracil upon transdermal adminstration using "Coletex" napkins]. (2001)

The paper presents data on the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-impregnated Coletex napkins on rats and mice with transplantable subcutaneous tumors of different histological patterns: Pliss lymphosarcoma, Walker carcinosarcoma and Ehrlich carcinoma. Since the napkins showed antitumor activity it is suggested that they might find application in treating a number of oncological pathologies, particularly, skin lesions and ulcerated and necrotized tumors.
Two-dimensional solitons in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with spatially modulated nonlinearity (2006)

We introduce a dynamical model of a Bose-Einstein condensate based on the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, in which the nonlinear coefficient is a function of radius. The model describes a situation with spatial modulation of the negative atomic scattering length, via the Feshbach resonance controlled by a properly shaped magnetic of optical field. We focus on the configuration with the nonlinear coefficient different from zero in a circle or annulus, including the case of a narrow ring. Two-dimensional axisymmetric solitons are found in a numerical form, and also by means of a variational approximation; for an infinitely narrow ring, the soliton is found in an exact form (in the latter case, exact solitons are also found in a two-component model). A stability region for the solitons is identified by means of numerical and analytical methods. In particular, if the nonlinearity is supported on the annulus, the upper stability border is determined by azimuthal perturbations; the stability region disappears if the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the annulus exceeds a critical value . The model gives rise to bistability, as the stationary solitons coexist with stable axisymmetric breathers, whose stability region extends to higher values of the norm than that of the static solitons. The collapse threshold strongly increases with the radius of the inner hole of the annulus. Vortex solitons are found too, but they are unstable.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Device Optimization by Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (2005)

This article presents a nonlinear approach to optimize the power flow of vibration-based piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices. This self-adaptive principle is based on a particular synchronization between extraction of the electric charge produced by the piezoelectric element and the system vibrations, which maximizes the mechanical to electrical energy conversion. An analytical expression of the optimal power flow is derived from a simple electromechanical model. An electronic circuit designed to perform the synchronous charge extraction is proposed. Theoretical predictions confirmed by experimental results show that the new principle increases the harvested power by 400% as compared with a quasilinear impedance adaptation optimization method.
A New Look at Crohn's Disease (2006)

Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal mucosa is usually located in the small intestine (ileum) and or in the colon. Ileal CD has been linked to a mutation in the NOD2 gene, a bacterial recognition protein. A disturbed antimicrobial defense as provided by an arsenal of different epithelial defensins seems to be a critical factor in disease pathogenesis. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides and in the ileum are mainly expressed in Paneth cells (PCs), epithelial cells that also express NOD2. In the colon, defensins are expressed by enterocytes or metaplastic PCs. Ileal CD patients are characterized by a reduced antibacterial activity and a specific reduction of ileal PC defensins. In ileal Crohn's patients displaying a NOD2 mutation, this decrease is even more pronounced. In contrast, CD of the colon is characterized by an impaired induction of beta defensins in enterocytes. In conclusion, the regional localizations of CD, either ileal or colonic disease, can be linked to different defects in defensin expression. In line with these new findings, we predict that future therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the host-microbe balance at the intestinal mucosa may prove superior to those that broadly suppress inflammation and adaptive immunity.
Automated Diagnosis of Encephalopathy Using Fractal Dimensions of EEG Sub-Bands (2018)

The pattern of fractal dimensions in various EEG sub-bands is analyzed in a particular disease called encephalopathy. Both Higuchi's fractal dimension and Katz's fractal dimension are analyzed in this paper. After extracting EEG sub-bands from the signal using wavelet decomposition, fractal dimensions are found out for all sub-bands and compared between normal and disease groups. Katz's fractal dimension of sub-bands of EEG gave better performance parameters for Support Vector Machine classifier for identifying Encephalopathic cases than Higuchi's fractal dimension.
Controlling Relative Fundamental Crystal Growth Rates in Silicalite:  AFM Observation (2007)

A detailed atomic force microscopy study has been performed on the open-framework, microporous material silicalite. Emphasis has been placed on determining the effect of supersaturation on the crystal growth process. The relative rates of fundamental crystal growth processes can be substantially altered by tuning the supersaturation. In this manner, it is possible to, for instance, switch on and off surface nucleation while retaining terrace spreading. This offers a potential mechanism by which it might be possible to control important crystal aspects such as defect density and intergrowths.
Some New Diagnostic Parameters for Reciprocating Engines (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Condition monitoring through signal analysis is not as well established for reciprocating engines as it is for rotating machines. One of the reason is that it has to deal with non-stationary vibrations. In this paper, some new statistical indicators are defined for the detection and separation of close transient events. They can also be used for diagnostic purposes, for instance for valve mechanics or for combustion rises. Their performances are compared on real vibrations of a small 4 cylinder diesel engine and it is finally verified that they allow the reconstruction of the engine cycle.&lt;/div&gt;
Use of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid in the treatment of feline infectious peritonitis (2004)

A total of 12 clinically ill cats previously diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were treated with a combination of recombinant feline interferon and glucocorticoid. A complete remission (over 2 years) and a partial remission (2 to 5 months) were observed in four (33.3%) and four (33.3%) cases, respectively. Those that survived for more than 2 years were all older cats (6 to 16 years old) with the effusive form of FIP.
Model-Based Software Design and Adaptation (2007)

This paper describes a modeling approach to software design and adaptation, in particular the design of evolutionary and dynamically reconfigurable software architectures. The different versions of an evolutionary system are considered a software product line, with each version of the system a product line member. After implementation, the model co-exists with the system and evolves with it. The software architecture is built out of architectural patterns. For each software architectural pattern, there is a corresponding software reconfiguration pattern, which describes how the software architecture can be dynamically adapted.
Activation of the interleukin-3 gene by chromosome translocation in acute lymphocytic leukemia with eosinophilia [see comments] (1990)

The t(5;14)(q31;q32) translocation from B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia with eosinophilia has been cloned from two leukemia samples. In both cases, this translocation joined the IgH gene and the interleukin-3 (IL-3) gene. In one patient, excess IL-3 mRNA was produced by the leukemic cells. In the second patient, serum IL-3 levels were measured and shown to correlate with disease activity. There was no evidence of excess granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-5 expression. Our data support the formulation that this subtype of leukemia may arise in part because of a chromosome translocation that activates the IL-3 gene, resulting in autocrine and paracrine growth effects.
A Surface Roughness Model in Radial-Mode Abrasive Waterjet Turning for High-Tensile Steels (2013)

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is an emerging machining method to process all kinds of difficult-to-cut materials. In this paper, a mathematical model for the surface roughness generated by a radial-mode AWJ turning process on a high-tensile steel specimen is developed using a dimensional analysis technique. To verify the model, a series of statistically designed experiments are carried out where feed speed, water pressure, abrasive flow rate, nozzle tilt angle, and workpiece surface speed are considered as variables. The model predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results with the average error of 4.3%. Future research to advance the knowledge about this new machining process is also proposed.
Nanoparticle Size Detection Limits by Single Particle ICP-MS for 40 Elements (2014)

The quantification and characterization of natural, engineered, and incidental nano- to micro-size particles are beneficial to assessing a nanomaterial's performance in manufacturing, their fate and transport in the environment, and their potential risk to human health. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) can sensitively quantify the amount and size distribution of metallic nanoparticles suspended in aqueous matrices. To accurately obtain the nanoparticle size distribution, it is critical to have knowledge of the size detection limit (denoted as Dmin) using spICP-MS for a wide range of elements (other than a few available assessed ones) that have been or will be synthesized into engineered nanoparticles. Herein is described a method to estimate the size detection limit using spICP-MS and then apply it to nanoparticles composed of 40 different elements. The calculated Dmin values correspond well for a few of the elements with their detectable sizes that are available in the literature. Assuming each nanoparticle sample is composed of one element, Dmin values vary substantially among the 40 elements: Ta, U, Ir, Rh, Th, Ce, and Hf showed the lowest Dmin values, ≤10 nm; Bi, W, In, Pb, Pt, Ag, Au, Tl, Pd, Y, Ru, Cd, and Sb had Dmin in the range of 11-20 nm; Dmin values of Co, Sr, Sn, Zr, Ba, Te, Mo, Ni, V, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Fe, Al, Li, and Ti were located at 21-80 nm; and Se, Ca, and Si showed high Dmin values, greater than 200 nm. A range of parameters that influence the Dmin, such as instrument sensitivity, nanoparticle density, and background noise, is demonstrated. It is observed that, when the background noise is low, the instrument sensitivity and nanoparticle density dominate the Dmin significantly. Approaches for reducing the Dmin, e.g., collision cell technology (CCT) and analyte isotope selection, are also discussed. To validate the Dmin estimation approach, size distributions for three engineered nanoparticle samples were obtained using spICP-MS. The use of this methodology confirms that the observed minimum detectable sizes are consistent with the calculated Dmin values. Overall, this work identifies the elements and nanoparticles to which current spICP-MS approaches can be applied, in order to enable quantification of very small nanoparticles at low concentrations in aqueous media.
Size dependence of the photoinduced magnetism and long-range ordering in Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles of rubidium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (2007)

Nanoparticles of rubidium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Rb$_j$Co$_k$[Fe(CN)$_6$]$_l \cdot n$H$_2$O) were synthesized using different concentrations of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to produce four different batches of particles with characteristic diameters ranging from 3 to 13 nm. Upon illumination with white light at 5 K, the magnetization of these particles increases. The long-range ferrimagnetic ordering temperatures and the coercive fields evolve with nanoparticle size. At 2 K, particles with diameters less than approximately 10 nm provide a Curie-like magnetic signal.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Alemtuzumab in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. (2005)

Abstract Alemtuzumab (Campath®, MabCampath®) is a humanized IgG monoclonal antibody targeting the CD52 antigen and is approved for treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) following treatment with alkylating agents and failing fludarabine treatment. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was used to characterize the population pharmacokinetics in patients with NHL and CLL after both single dose and multiple dose treatment regimens (n = 118). Model building followed standard procedures. First, an appropriate structural model was identified. Covariate screening was undertaken using generalized additive models to identify those patient characteristics that influenced alemtuzumab pharmacokinetics. Covariates deemed important were then tested using a forward stepwise approach. Only those covariates deemed statistically significant at the 0.05 level were retained in the model. Once the final forward model was identified, the model was reduced using more stringent criteria to remain in the model (P &amp;lt;0.001). The final model was validated using an independent data set after data-splitting (80:20, n = 32). A secondary analysis was also performed using noncompartmental analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained from only B-CLL patients (n = 16). A 2-compartment model with Michaelis-Menten elimination best characterized alemtuzumab pharmacokinetics. White blood cell (WBC) count significantly influenced the maximal rate of elimination (Vmax) in a linear manner, while body weight affected Vmax based on a power function. Central volume of distribution was proportional to patient weight, estimated at 7.6 L for a 70 kg patient. Distribution volume at steady-state (Vdss) was 0.18 L/kg. Vdss in B-CLL patients ranged from 0.09 to 0.40 L/kg (median, 0.15 L/kg). The Michaelis constant was estimated at 6.1 mg/mL. Due to nonlinear elimination kinetics, no single estimate for half-life can be reported. For a typical 70-kg patient with elevated WBC of 100 × 109 cells/L, receiving a first dose of 3 mg, the model-predicted half-life was ~8 hours. After a log-decline in WBC to 1.0 × 109 cells/L, the half-life increased to ~50 hours, and a further log-decline in WBCs to 0.1 × 109 cells/L, after 5 doses, resulted in a half-life of ~9 days (214 hours). In B-CLL patients (n = 8), individual observed half-life values after the first 30 mg dose ranged from 2 to 32 hours (median, 8.3 hours) and after the last 30 mg dose (n = 16) ranged from 1 to 14 days (median, ~6 days). Model validation resulted in comparable results, thus indicating the model parameters were consistent across data sets. In summary, alemtuzumab pharmacokinetics were weight-dependent, concentration-dependent, and WBC-dependent. As the number of CD52 expressing cells is depleted, which is reflected in a decrease of WBC and lymphocyte counts, alemtuzumab half-life increases. Also, as alemtuzumab concentrations increase, the maximal rate of elimination further decreases thereby increasing alemtuzumab’s half-life to a value of ~6 days.
A Real Time Optical Biosensor Assay for Amoxicillin And Other β-Lactams in Water Samples (2010)

Antibiotic contamination of drinking water and sewage is a matter of environmental and public health concern. Traditionally, ELISA or HPLC methods have been used to detect and measure antibiotic contamination. By applying an optical biosensing method, biolayer inteferometry (BLI), we have developed a kinetic competition binding assay capable of quantitating less than lppm (~33 μM) amoxicillin. Similar to surface plasmon resonance, BLI senses changes that occur upon binding of one molecule to another near a surface to measure association and dissociation. Immobilized amoxicillin was used to screen for binding against an analyte solution of anti-amoxicillin equilibrated with amoxicillin-containing water samples, yielding binding that fit a one-state model. Maximal binding correlated highly with amoxicillin concentration. Simplified analysis of samples from water and sewage treatment plants in Georgia allowed quantitation without kinetic modeling. The assay is sensitive, cost-effective, fast and readily adaptable to a variety of samples and other small molecules.
Assessment of haemorrhoidal artery network using colour duplex imaging and clinical implications (2011)

This study demonstrated that the vast majority of haemorrhoidal arteries lie within the rectal submucosa at the lowest 2 cm above the anorectal junction. This should therefore be the best site for performing haemorrhoidal dearterialization.
Peptide–siRNA Supramolecular Particles for Neural Cell Transfection (2018)

Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-based gene knockdown is an effective tool for gene screening and therapeutics. However, the use of nonviral methods has remained an enormous challenge in neural cells. A strategy is reported to design artificial noncationic modular peptides with amplified affinity for siRNA via supramolecular assembly that shows efficient protein knockdown in neural cells. By solid phase synthesis, a sequence that binds specifically double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) with a self-assembling peptide for particle formation is integrated. These supramolecular particles can be further functionalized with bioactive sequences without affecting their biophysical properties. The peptide carrier is found to silence efficiently up to 83% of protein expression in primary astroglial and neuronal cell cultures without cytotoxicity. In the case of neurons, a reduction in electrical activity is observed once the presynaptic protein synaptophysin is downregulated by the siRNA-peptide particles. The results demonstrate that the supramolecular particles offer an siRNA delivery platform for efficient nonviral gene screening and discovery of novel therapies for neural cells.