gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Geometrical Isomers of Bis[1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane]cobalt(III) Complexes with Thiolate Ligands (1989)

Abstract The thiolato cobalt(III) complexes, [Co(SR)2(dmpe)2]+, where R denotes CH3, C2H5, or CH2C6H5 and dmpe denotes 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane, were newly prepared from trans-[CoCl2(dmpe)2]+ and monothiolate ligands. The cis and trans isomers were formed for R=CH3 and CH2C6H5, while only the trans isomer was formed for R=C2H5. These isomers were assigned on the basis of the 1H NMR (500 MHz) and absorption spectra in comparison with those of the newly prepared [Co(SCH2CH2S)(dmpe)2]+ complex. The trans isomer showed the sulfur-to-cobalt charge-transfer band at lower energy than that of the cis isomer.
Heterojunction solar cell with 2% efficiency based on a Cu2O substrate (2006)

We report on the fabrication of heterojunction solar cells made by deposition of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films on Cu2O substrates. The TCO films have been grown by ion beam sputtering on good quality Cu2O sheets prepared by oxidizing copper at a high temperature. The best solar cell has reached an open-circuit voltage of 0.595V, a short-circuit current density of 6.78mA∕cm2, a fill factor of 50%, and a conversion efficiency of 2% under simulated AM1.5G illumination, which is the highest efficiency value reported for this kind of heterojunction devices. These devices represent a good starting point for the development of very low cost solar cells.
Random Access to Grammar-Compressed Strings (2011)

Let S be a string of length N compressed into a context-free grammar S of size n. We present two representations of S achieving O(log N) random access time, and either O(n · αk(n)) construction time and space on the pointer machine model, or O(n) construction time and space on the RAM. Here, αk(n) is the inverse of the kth row of Ackermann's function. Our representations also efficiently support decompression of any substring in S: we can decompress any substring of length m in the same complexity as a single random access query and additional O(m) time. Combining these results with fast algorithms for uncompressed approximate string matching leads to several efficient algorithms for approximate string matching on grammar-compressed strings without decompression. For instance, we can find all approximate occurrences of a pattern P with at most k errors in time O(n(min{|P|k, k +|P|} +log N) + occ), where occ is the number of occurrences of P in S. Finally, we are able to generalize our results to navigation and other operations on grammar-compressed trees. All of the above bounds significantly improve the currently best known results. To achieve these bounds, we introduce several new techniques and data structures of independent interest, including a predecessor data structure, two “biased” weighted ancestor data structures, and a compact representation of heavy-paths in grammars.
Simultaneous Private Learning of Multiple Concepts (2015)

We investigate the direct-sum problem in the context of differentially private PAC learning: What is the sample complexity of solving $k$ learning tasks simultaneously under differential privacy, and how does this cost compare to that of solving $k$ learning tasks without privacy? In our setting, an individual example consists of a domain element $x$ labeled by $k$ unknown concepts $(c_1,\ldots,c_k)$. The goal of a multi-learner is to output $k$ hypotheses $(h_1,\ldots,h_k)$ that generalize the input examples. Without concern for privacy, the sample complexity needed to simultaneously learn $k$ concepts is essentially the same as needed for learning a single concept. Under differential privacy, the basic strategy of learning each hypothesis independently yields sample complexity that grows polynomially with $k$. For some concept classes, we give multi-learners that require fewer samples than the basic strategy. Unfortunately, however, we also give lower bounds showing that even for very simple concept classes, the sample cost of private multi-learning must grow polynomially in $k$.
Analysis of soft-handover characteristics in realistic urban UMTS radio networks (2005)

This work presents a comprehensive simulation study on the soft hand over (SHO) related system characteristics in UMTS radio networks using a new dynamic simulation approach. This approach is better suited for many planning tasks than the conventional dynamic system level approaches as it allows inclusion of only as much detail as required for specific planning jobs. In contrast to existing radio planning tools, it can easily integrate the effects due to dynamic phenomena such as user mobility. In this study, a pixel oriented mobility model, which permits detailed modeling of user movements, is used to obtain characteristic quantities such as the overall SHO rate, mean duration in SHO, mean active set size and mean number of branch additions and deletions. Simulation results are presented for a regular hexagonal cell layout and also for the "Alexander Platz" in the city of Berlin, which is representative for a realistic dense urban scenario. Further investigations are conducted to evaluate the impact of different SHO related parameters on system performance and cell dimensioning in the selected scenarios.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed-Substituent N-Silylphosphoranimines (2002)

The preparation of a large series of new N-silyl-P-alkylphosphoranimines and their (silylamino)phosphine precursors is reported. Oxidative bromination of the P-functional (silylamino)phosphines, (Me3Si)2NP(R)X [R = n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Pr, t-Bu; X = Br, OR‘ (R‘ = CH2CF3, Ph)], occurred smoothly at 0 °C and afforded the desired P-bromophosphoranimines, Me3SiNP(R)(X)Br. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of the P-dibromo members of this series with LiOR‘ gave the corresponding P-trifluoroethoxy- and P-phenoxyphosphoranimines, Me3SiNP(R)(OR‘)2 (R‘ = CH2CF3, Ph). All of these N-silylphosphoranimines, which are potential precursors to new cyclic and/or polymeric phosphazenes, were obtained as thermally stable, distillable liquids and were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P) spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
CONCEPT VECTOR FOR SIMILARITY MEASUREMENT BASED ON HIERARCHICAL DOMAIN STRUCTURE (2011)

The concept vector model generalizes standard representations of similarity concept in terms of tree-like structure. In the model, each concept node in the hierarchical tree has ancestor and descendent concept nodes composing its relevancy nodes, thus a concept node is represented as a concept vector according to its relevancy nodes' density and the similarity of the two concepts is obtained by computing cosine similarity between their vectors. In addition, the model is adjusted in terms of local density and multiple descendents problem. The model contains structure information inherent and hidden in the tree. We show that this measure compares favorably to other measures, and it is flexible in that it can make comparisons between any two concepts in a hierarchical tree without relying on additional dictionary or corpus information.
Conceptual Framework for Material Characterization in Mechnaistic-Empirical Flexible Pavement Design (2006)

A conceptual framework for determining the type and amount of data necessary to successfully conduct materials characterization as part of mechanistic-empirical (M-E) flexible pavement design is presented. This approach is particularly useful for agencies that plan to pool efforts regionally to obtain the necessary M-E flexible pavement design inputs; however, an understanding of local materials limitations is critical to the success of using this approach. Materials inputs for M-E flexible pavement design include volumetric binder/mix properties, dynamic complex modulus, creep compliance and indirect tensile strength. The first step in forming the conceptual approach was to identify what some state transportation agencies are already doing to prepare for M-E pavement design implementation. An approach was formulated that consists of site evaluation of existing conditions, laboratory testing to obtain materials inputs, and analysis of inputs and resulting predicted performance. The final step consists of development of a database that contains mixture properties to be used as a materials catalog and consequently reduce the testing effort. Material datasets for a given location can be developed to identify the local or regional-specific inputs to M-E analysis. The framework was tested based on a case example with four mixtures from three northeastern US states and predicted rutting performance data was evaluated.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced selective priming effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. (1993)

Preculture of thioglycollate-elicited C3HeB/FeJ mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro with subthreshold stimulatory concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce hyporesponsiveness (desensitization) to both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) production when these cells are subsequently stimulated with 100 ng/ml of LPS. We have established, however, that the primary dose of LPS required for inducing downregulation of NO production is significantly lower than that required for inducing downregulation of TNF-alpha production. Further, when LPS-pretreated macrophages become refractory to subsequent LPS stimulation for NO production, the secondary LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production is markedly enhanced, and vice versa. These results indicate that LPS-induced TNF-alpha and NO production by macrophages are differentially regulated, and that the observed desensitization process may not reflect a state in which macrophages are totally refractory to subsequent LPS stimulation. Rather, our data suggest that LPS-pretreated macrophages become selectively primed for differential responses to LPS. The LPS-induced selective priming effects are not restricted to LPS stimulation, but extend as well to stimuli such as zymosan, Staphylococcus aureus, and heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes.
Bovine and Human cDNA Sequences Encoding a Putative Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligand (1987)

cDNAs containing the entire coding sequence of endozepine, a putative ligand of the benzodiazepine receptor, were isolated from bovine and human cDNA libraries. These libraries were constructed using a novel oligonucleotide adapter molecule that allowed us to combine the use of G/C tailing with the preservation of the unique Eco RI site in the vector, lambda gt10. The amino acid sequences derived from these cDNA clones are identical to those previously determined for the purified proteins and are homologous to a related rat protein termed diazepam-binding inhibitor. The endozepine proteins are highly conserved, as illustrated by the finding that the nucleotide sequences of the coding regions are 93% conserved between the bovine and human forms. Analysis of these sequences indicates that endozepine is not, as expected, derived from a precursor molecule containing a transient signal peptide. Moreover, Northern analyses using the cloned cDNAs as hybridization probes indicate that the 650-nucleotide endozepine mRNA is expressed in a number of peripheral tissues in addition to brain. These observations may be consistent with a recent report describing the presence in peripheral tissues of benzodiazepine receptors on the outer mitochondrial membrane (Anholt et al., 1986). In addition to the endozepine cDNAs, we also isolated a bovine cDNA clone which encodes a larger protein, a portion of which is homologous to endozepine. This related protein may be synthesized in a precursor form containing putative signal peptide and membrane-spanning domains.
Bureaucracies count: environmental governance through goal-setting and mandate-making in contemporary China (2018)

In scholarly and popular literatures alike, there is increasing frustration with democracies’ ineffectual response to environmental challenges. Thus, authoritarian environmentalism has been speculated as a viable alternative. This article empirically studies the case of China, because it is hypothesized to be a likely candidate for an authoritarian environmentalist success. Using ethnographic evidence drawn from three purposefully-selected most-likely cases of environmental governance success in China, this article argues that Chinese state bureaucracies practice a distinct kind of environmentalism; an environmental challenge has to be translated into quantifiable targets and, at the same time, be fitted squarely into the fragmented organization of the government before state intervention is possible. The current analysis provides an evidence-based rebuttal to the authoritarian environmentalism hypothesis, and challenges environmental sociologists to closely examine enabling conditions for effective governance in the Anthropocene.
Topographical and Morphological Differences of Corneal Dendritic Cells during Steady State and Inflammation (2019)

Corneal DCs respond differently in terms of shape and distribution during local and systemic inflammation. These features can serve as <i>in vivo</i> indicators in ocular and systemic diseases.
Rotordynamics (2005)

As the most important parts of rotating machinery, rotors are also the most prone to mechanical vibrations, which may lead to machine failure. Correction is only possible when proper and accurate diagnosis is obtained through understanding of rotor operation and all of the potential malfunctions that may occur. Mathematical modeling, in particular
Bioengineered bugs, drugs and contentious issues in patenting (2010)

Bioengineered bugs, as is the scope of this journal, have great potential in various practical applications. A corollary to bringing useful products to the market is that such products need protection from copying by other people or businesses. Such government-sponsored protections are legally enforced through a patent, copyright or trademark/trade secret system commonly known as intellectual property rights. A condition for obtaining a patent is that the invention must not be disclosed to public either through seminars, informal public disclosures or publications in journals, although in the United States, there is a one year grace period that is allowed to obtain a patent after public disclosure. This article describes my personal experience in obtaining a patent in 1980 on a genetically manipulated bacterium designed for oil spill cleanup. This patent application went through a series of court cases that finally ended up in the Supreme Court of the United States. I also mention a similar contentious legal issue that is on the horizon and that the readers of Bioengineered Bugs should be aware of. Finally, I have taken the opportunity to describe my current efforts to bring to the market some unique potential multi-disease-targeting candidate drugs from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gonococci/meningococci that, if found non-toxic and efficacious in humans, will revolutionize the drug industry. To ensure their marketability, we are trying to develop a patent portfolio that will ensure that they will be legally protected and such protections will be broad-based and enforceable.
Towards Learning Disentangled Representations for Time Series (2022)

Promising progress has been made toward learning efficient time series representations in recent years, but the learned representations often lack interpretability and do not encode semantic meanings by the complex interactions of many latent factors. Learning representations that disentangle these latent factors can bring semantic-rich representations of time series and further enhance interpretability. However, directly adopting the sequential models, such as Long Short-Term Memory Variational AutoEncoder (LSTM-VAE), would encounter a Kullback?Leibler (KL) vanishing problem: the LSTM decoder often generates sequential data without efficiently using latent representations, and the latent spaces sometimes could even be independent of the observation space. And traditional disentanglement methods may intensify the trend of KL vanishing along with the disentanglement process, because they tend to penalize the mutual information between the latent space and the observations. In this paper, we propose Disentangle Time-Series, a novel disentanglement enhancement framework for time series data. Our framework achieves multi-level disentanglement by covering both individual latent factors and group semantic segments. We propose augmenting the original VAE objective by decomposing the evidence lower-bound and extracting evidence linking factorial representations to disentanglement. Additionally, we introduce a mutual information maximization term between the observation space to the latent space to alleviate the KL vanishing problem while preserving the disentanglement property. Experimental results on five real-world IoT datasets demonstrate that the representations learned by DTS achieve superior performance in various tasks with better interpretability.
Amycolatopsis keratiniphila sp. nov., a novel keratinolytic soil actinomycete from Kuwait (2003)

A keratinolytic, nocardioform actinomycete, strain D2(T), was isolated from Kuwait marsh soil by the bait technique using animal wool. Strain D2(T) was an aerobic, Gram-positive organism that produced light-grey aerial mycelium but no specific spore chains. 16S rDNA sequence analyses and chemotaxonomic markers were consistent with the classification of strain D2(T) in the genus Amycolatopsis, i.e. it had meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan, arabinose and galactose as its diagnostic sugars, the polar lipids phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol, menaquinone MK-9(H4) and an iso-/anteiso-branched fatty acid pattern combined with 10-methyl-branched and 2-hydroxy-branched fatty acids. Amycolatopsis japonica was the closest phylogenetic neighbour of strain D2(T), showing 99.4% 16S rDNA sequence similarity with the novel strain. A. japonica and strain D2(T) could be clearly separated from each other on the basis of their low DNA-DNA reassociation value (55.9%). These data, together with its distinct physiological traits, led to the conclusion that strain D2(T) represented a novel species within the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis keratiniphila (type strain D2(T) = DSM 44409(T) = NRRL B24117(T)) is proposed.
<title>Automatic brain segmentation and validation: image-based versus atlas-based deformable models</title> (1997)

Due to the complexity of the brain surface, there is at present no segmentation method that proves to work automatically and consistently on any 3-D magnetic resonance (MR) images of the head. There is a definite lack of validation studies related to automatic brain extraction. In this work we present an image-base automatic method for brain segmentation and use its results as an input to a deformable model method which we call image-based deformable model. Combining image-based methods with a deformable model can lead to a robust segmentation method without requiring registration of the image volumes into a standardized space, the automation of which remains challenging for pathological cases. We validate our segmentation results on 3-D MP-RAGE (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo) volumes for the image model prior- and post-deformation and compare it to an atlas model prior- and post-deformation. Our validation is based on volume measurement comparison to manually segmented data. Our analysis shows that the improvement afforded by the deformable model methods are statistically significant, however there are no significant differences between the image-based and atlas-based deformable model methods.
Calla Lily flower inspired morphing of flat films to conical tubes (2022)

Abstract Recently researchers have developed soft actuators capable of morphing into complex shapes taking inspiration from nature. In this paper, we have developed a splay‐nematic liquid crystal polymer network tapered actuator that can morph from a flat film to a cone, mimicking the blooming of single petal Calla Lily flower. We have demonstrated the formation of conical tubes through finite element simulations and experiments. The influence of tapering and alignment orientations with respect to the edge of the film on the cones is analyzed through simulations. The design with tapering and splayed alignments oriented at 45° to the edge is found to be the optimal choice for forming conical tubes.
Catadioptric Sensor for a Simultaneous Tracking of the Driver s Face and the Road Scene (2008)

International audience
Systematic Genetic Interaction Analysis Identifies a Transcription Factor Circuit Required for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (2022)

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a common infection that complicates a wide range of medical conditions and can cause either mild or severe disease depending on the patient. The pathobiology of OPC shares many features with candidal biofilms of abiotic surfaces. The transcriptional regulation of C. albicans biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces has been extensively characterized and involves six key transcription factors (Efg1, Ndt80, Rob1, Bcr1, Brg1, and Tec1). To determine if the <i>in vitro</i> biofilm transcriptional regulatory network also plays a role in OPC, we carried out a systematic genetic interaction analysis in a mouse model of C. albicans OPC. Whereas each of the six transcription factors are required for <i>in vitro</i> biofilm formation, only three homozygous deletion mutants (<i>tec1</i>ΔΔ, <i>bcr1</i>ΔΔ, and <i>rob1</i>ΔΔ) and one heterozygous mutant (<i>tec1</i>Δ/<i>TEC1</i>) have reduced infectivity in the mouse model of OPC. Although single mutants (heterozygous or homozygous) of <i>BRG1</i> and <i>EFG1</i> have no effect on fungal burden, double heterozygous and homozygous mutants have dramatically reduced infectivity, indicating a critical genetic interaction between these two transcription factors during OPC. Using epistasis analysis, we have formulated a genetic circuit, [<i>EFG1</i>+<i>BRG1</i>]→<i>TEC1</i>→<i>BCR1</i>, that is required for OPC infectivity and oral epithelial cell endocytosis. Surprisingly, we also found transcription factor mutants with <i>in vitro</i> defects in filamentation, such as <i>efg1</i>ΔΔ, <i>rob1</i>ΔΔ, and <i>brg1</i>ΔΔ filament, during oral infection and that reduced filamentation does not correlate with infectivity. Taken together, these data indicate that key <i>in vitro</i> biofilm transcription factors are involved in OPC but that the network characteristics and functional connections during infection are distinct from those observed <i>in vivo</i>. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The pathology of oral candidiasis has features of biofilm formation, a well-studied process <i>in vitro</i>. Based on that analogy, we hypothesized that the network of transcription factors that regulates <i>in vitro</i> biofilm formation has similarities and differences during oral infection. To test this, we employed the first systematic genetic interaction analysis of C. albicans in a mouse model of oropharyngeal infection. This revealed that the six regulators involved in <i>in vitro</i> biofilm formation played roles <i>in vivo</i> but that the functional connections between factors were quite distinct. Surprisingly, we also found that while many of the factors are required for filamentation <i>in vitro</i>, none of the transcription factor deletion mutants was deficient for this key virulence trait <i>in vivo</i>. These observations clearly demonstrate that C. albicans regulates key aspects of its biology differently <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Low Platinum Loading Catalysts for Fuel Cells (2010)

• Synthesize and characterize the electrocatalyst having a submonolayer of Pt on Ru nanoparticles and determine its CO tolerance.• Test the new electrocatalyst in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.• Use an in situ surface x-ray diffraction technique to follow the adsorption of CO on Pt during H