gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early detection of peripheral neuropathy by examining virtual perception of lower extremity join position (2012)

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes that affects nerve functions and may occur in 25% of patients with 10 or more years of diabetes and up to 50% with 20 years of diabetes. Patients with DPN experience a high incidence of injuries while walking and have a low level of perceived safety. In certain cases the impaired judgment - mainly due to impaired proprioceptive feedback - can cause obstacle collision leading to falls and injuries. The subtle early findings that are indicative of postural instability are difficult to accurately assess from a clinical examination, and gait laboratory assessment is not currently available or practical. Thus, unfortunately, many patients that are "at risk for falls" are undiagnosed. Objectives: An innovative virtual obstacle crossing (VOC) paradigm using wearable sensors was developed in attempts to detect lower extremity nerve damage due to DPN. Methods: Sixty-eight participants including diabetes with no, moderate and severe neuropathy and aged-matched healthy controls were recruited. Severity of neuropathy was quantified using vibratory perception threshold (VPT) values. The ability of perception of lower extremity was quantified by measuring the rate of obstacle crossing success (OCS), reaction time (TR), and foot position while crossing a series of virtual obstacles with various heights. Results: Results suggest VOC test allows separating between groups. All proposed parameters were significantly deteriorated by increasing neuropath severity (p&lt;0.05). Results also suggest a significant correlation between TR and VPT values (r=0.5, p&lt;10-5). Finally, results suggest a significant deterioration in balance due to diabetes, irrespective of neuropath severity (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The results proposed the benefit of virtual obstacle crossing as an objective method for detecting peripheral neuropathy at an early stage. This is based on the reasoning that lower extremity proprioception decreases with increasing nerve damage. The increased reaction time, decreased OCS, and increased sway of the DPN patients in this study suggests their decreased proprioception, and, therefore, increased peripheral nerve damage. Further studies should be addressed to compare VOC with other standard methods to confirm whether VOC can detect DPN earlier than current methods.
Myosin Heavy-Chain Isoform Composition and Distribution in Developing and Adult Human Aortic Smooth Muscle (1993)

The myosin heavy-chain (MHC) composition of developing and adult human aortic smooth muscle (SM) was studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence using a panel of anti-MHC antibodies. On 5% SDS gels, three bands of 204, 200 and 196 kDa apparent molecular mass were identified in fetal, infant and adult stages of development. In the extracts from thoracic aorta (upper level), the 204, and 200-kDa bands (designated as SM-1 and SM-2, respectively) were recognized by SM-G4 and SMMS-1 antibodies, raised against a SM antigen, whereas the 196-kDa band was reactive with nonmuscle (NM)-F6 and NM-G2 antiplatelet MHC antibodies. Western blotting and immunofluorescence tests performed on bovine brain and other human NM tissues using NM-F6 and NM-G2 indicated that antigenic targets of the two antibodies resembled that of so-called IIB and IIA NM myosin found in the bovine system, respectively. In the aortic media, SM-1 was expressed throughout development, while SM-2 was upregulated during late fetal and postnatal development. Similarly, the 196-kDa band showed two distinct patterns of immunoreactivity with the anti-NM-MHC antibodies: with NM-G2, antigenicity was equal at all the developmental stages examined, whereas with NM-F6, it diminished during postnatal development. In the upper level, the cellular distribution of NM-G2 and NM-F6 immunoreactivities was similar in the early fetus but quite distinct at later stages of development. In infant and adult subjects, SM cells (SMC) reactive with NM-F6 accumulated predominantly within the intimal layer as well as in some areas of the underlying media as cell foci, whereas NM-G2 homogeneously stained the two layers. In the aorta near the diaphragm (lower level), both antibodies stained the thickened intima but not the underlying media. These data are consistent with the existence of developmental, stage-specific molecular and cellular transitions during vascular SMC maturation in human aortic media. In addition, these data suggest that IIB-like myosin may be expressed in SMC involved specifically in intimal thickening.
Phenotypic characterization of immortalized normal and primary tumor-derived human prostate epithelial cell cultures (2000)

Taken together, these data suggest that cell lines generated from immortalized normal or primary tumor epithelium may be useful for the elucidation of early transforming events in the prostate.
Sacs de relations spatiales et de formes pour la reconnaissance d'images de scènes naturelles (2017)

International audience
C-fiber activity-dependent maturation of glycinergic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn of the postnatal rat (2012)

Sensory circuits are shaped by experience in early postnatal life and in many brain areas late maturation of inhibition drives activity-dependent development. In the newborn spinal dorsal horn, activity is dominated by inputs from low threshold A fibers, whereas nociceptive C-fiber inputs mature gradually over the first postnatal weeks. How this changing afferent input influences the maturation of dorsal horn inhibition is not known. We show an absence of functional glycinergic inhibition in newborn dorsal horn circuits: Dorsal horn receptive fields and afferent-evoked excitation are initially facilitated by glycinergic activity due, at least in part, to glycinergic disinhibition of GAD67 cells. Glycinergic inhibitory control emerges in the second postnatal week, coinciding with an expression switch from neonatal α(2) homomeric to predominantly mature α(1)/β glycine receptors (GlyRs). We further show that the onset of glycinergic inhibition depends upon the maturation of C-fiber inputs to the dorsal horn: selective block of afferent C fibers in postnatal week 2, using perisciatic injections of the cationic anesthetic QX-314, lidocaine, and capsaicin, delays the maturation of both GlyR subunits and glycinergic inhibition, maintaining dorsal neurons in a neonatal state, where tactile responses are facilitated, rather than inhibited, by glycinergic network activity. Thus, glycine may serve to facilitate tactile A-fiber-mediated information and enhance activity-dependent synaptic strengthening in the immature dorsal horn. This period ceases in the second postnatal week with the maturation of C-fiber spinal input, which triggers postsynaptic changes leading to glycinergic inhibition and only then is balanced excitation and inhibition achieved in dorsal horn sensory circuits.
Time scale dependent viscoelastic and contractile regimes in fibroblasts probed by microplate manipulation (1997)

Many essential phenomena in biology involve changes in cell shape. Cell deformation occurs in response to physical forces either coming from the external environment or intracellularly generated. In most tests of cell rheology, an external constraint is usually superimposed on an already mechanically active cell, thus the measurements may reflect both active motion and passive viscoelastic deformation. To show that active and passive processes could be distinguished on a time scale basis, we designed a novel piezo-controlled micromanipulation system to impose dynamic mechanical deformations on individual cells. Chick fibroblasts were seized between two glass microplates; one of the plates, more flexible, served as a sensor of the applied force. Controlled amounts of unidirectional compression and traction in the range of 10(-8)-10(-7) N were applied, using either step functions or sinusoidal signals at chosen frequencies. These tests allowed identification of three time scale dependent regimes. (1) A dominant elastic response, characterized by a linear stress-strain relationship, was especially apparent at short times (seconds); (2) A viscous behavior, characterized by force relaxation and irreversible cell deformation, was noticeable at intermediate times (minutes). Data from traction and oscillatory excitation tests were well fitted by a three-element Kelvin viscoelastic model, allowing the calculation of two elastic moduli in the range of 600-1,000 N/m2 and an apparent viscosity of about 10(4) Pa.s. (3) A contractile regime, in which actin-dependent traction forces were developed in response to uniaxial load was apparent at longer times (several tens of minutes). These forces were in the order of 4 x 10(-8) N above viscous relaxation. Thus we could distinguish, on a time scale basis, the specific contributions of passive viscoelasticity and active traction, and evaluate their mechanical characteristics within one experiment on a single cell.
Morphine differentially affects the sensory and affective pain ratings in neurogenic and idiopathic forms of pain (1991)

In a double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study, the effect of morphine on the affective and sensory pain ratings in different forms of chronic pain was investigated. Six patients suffering from central neurogenic pain, 8 from peripheral neurogenic pain and 6 from idiopathic pain participated in the study. Morphine (0.3 mg/kg bodyweight) and placebo (saline) were administered intravenously. Both the affective and sensory dimensions of pain sensation were assessed by means of the 101-point rating scale. From our results it appeared that morphine reduced the affective but not the sensory dimension of pain sensation in both groups of neurogenic pain patients. In the idiopathic pain group, neither the affective nor the sensory dimension of pain sensation were affected. The observed differences in opioid responsiveness were neither the result of differences in opioid consumption nor of differences in baseline pain levels.
Multiple reservations and the Oklahoma update (1993)

A multiple reservation approach that allows atomic updates of multiple shared variables and simplifies concurrent and nonblocking codes for managing shared data structures such as queues and linked lists is presented. The method can be implemented as an extension to any cache protocol that grants write access to at most one processor at a time. Performance improvement, automatic restart, and livelock avoidance are discussed. Some sample programs are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transcriptional and proteomic insights into phytotoxic activity of interspecific potato hybrids with low glycoalkaloid contents (2021)

The phytotoxic potential of potato leaf extract possessing low glycoalkaloid content is determined by the specific composition of these compounds in leaf extract, where α-solasonine and α-solamargine may play significant roles. Differentially expressed gene and protein profiles did not correspond to the glycoalkaloid biosynthesis pathway in the expression of phytotoxic potential. We cannot exclude the possibility that the phytotoxic potential is influenced by other compounds that act antagonistically or may diminish the glycoalkaloids effect.
Evolutionary game theory: ESS, convergence stability, and NIS (2009)

Question: How are the three main stability concepts from evolutionary game theory – evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), convergence stability, and neighbourhood invader strategy (NIS) – related to each other? Do they form a basis for the many other definitions proposed in the literature? Mathematical methods: Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of population sizes and heritable strategies respectively, and adaptive and NIS landscapes. Results: Only six of the eight combinations of ESS, convergence stability, and NIS are possible. An ESS that is NIS must also be convergence stable; and a non-ESS, non-NIS cannot be convergence stable. A simple example shows how a single model can easily generate solutions with all six combinations of stability properties and explains in part the proliferation of jargon, terminology, and apparent complexity that has appeared in the literature. A tabulation of most of the evolutionary stability acronyms, definitions, and terminologies is provided for comparison. Key conclusions: The tabulated list of definitions related to evolutionary stability are variants or combinations of the three main stability concepts.
1.2 Intelligence on Silicon: From Deep-Neural-Network Accelerators to Brain Mimicking AI-SoCs (2019)

While, currently, Artificial-Intelligence technology is affecting all industrial paradigms, it is also impacting lifestyle of all society. AI technology is widely used in most information hardware, software and networking, underlying all consumer technology: smartphones, home appliances and the Web.
Investigations for the Optimization of Visual and Geometrical Properties of Arburg Plastic Freeforming Components (2021)

Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF) is an additive manufacturing process with which three-dimensional, thermoplastic components can be produced layer by layer. Visual and geometrical properties are a major criterion for characterizing the resulting component quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences on visual and geometrical properties of APF components depending on process parameters. Initially the focus was on the analysis of the shrinkage behavior of ABS-M30 (Stratasys). On the basis of the results and an existing procedure by the machine manufacturer, an optimized procedure for determining the scaling factors was developed to counteract the shrinkage. With this procedure a higher dimensional accuracy of the components can be achieved. In addition, it was investigated whether an adaption of the form factor based on a mathematical model depending on the component geometry makes sense. The results were transferred into manufacturing guidelines, which allow the user of the APF-technology to optimize process parameters more efficiently.
Crossmodal Postdiction: Conscious Perception as Revisionist History (2022)

Postdiction occurs when later stimuli influence the perception of earlier stimuli. As the multisensory science field has grown in recent decades, the investigation of crossmodal postdictive phenomena has also expanded. Crossmodal postdiction can be considered (in its simplest form) the phenomenon in which later stimuli in one modality influence earlier stimuli in another modality (e.g., Intermodal Apparent Motion). Crossmodal postdiction can also appear in more nuanced forms, such as unimodal postdictive illusions (e.g., Apparent Motion) that are influenced by concurrent crossmodal stimuli (e.g., Crossmodal Influence on Apparent Motion), or crossmodal illusions (e.g., the Double Flash Illusion) that are influenced postdictively by a stimulus in one or the other modality (e.g., a visual stimulus in the Illusory Audiovisual Rabbit Illusion). In this review, these and other varied forms of crossmodal postdiction will be discussed. Three neuropsychological models proposed for unimodal postdiction will be adapted to the unique aspects of processing and integrating multisensory stimuli. Crossmodal postdiction opens a new window into sensory integration, and could potentially be used to identify new mechanisms of crossmodal crosstalk in the brain.
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with high-risk genomic features have inferior outcome on successive Cancer and Leukemia Group B trials with alemtuzumab consolidation: subgroup analysis from CALGB 19901 and CALGB 10101 (2013)

Alemtuzumab consolidation has been investigated to improve remission duration after fludarabine-based induction for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The impact on genomic high-risk disease remains unknown. Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 19901 and 10101 enrolled previously untreated patients to receive alemtuzumab consolidation after fludarabine-based induction. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGVH) mutation status and interphase cytogenetics were assessed retrospectively. Treatment response with these alemtuzumab-containing regimens was similar, regardless of genomic risk, except for patients harboring del(17p), where few complete remissions were observed. Progression-free survival (PFS) was similar between IGVH groups, but overall survival (OS) was inferior in IGVH unmutated patients (p = 0.03). Cytogenetic risk group was associated with PFS and OS (p = 0.01 for both), with similarly short PFS in patients with del(17p) and del(11q) and particularly short OS in patients with del(17p). Cytogenetic risk group remained significantly associated with PFS and OS when controlling for other prognostic factors (PFS: p = 0.009; OS: p = 0.02), as did the negative association of IGVH unmutated disease with OS (p = 0.004). Results were similar when restricting to patients who received at least one dose of alemtuzumab consolidation, demonstrating limited ability to overcome the poor outcome associated with high-risk genetic features.
TH-D-304A-05: Novel Hyperpolarized C-13 Metabolic Imaging Technique to Monitor Radiation-Induced Tissue Damage in Vivo at Moderate Radiation Doses (2009)

Purpose: Recent introduction of nuclear hyperpolarization technique to liquid state enabled in vivo detection of C labeled endogenous metabolites with MR spectroscopy imaging (MRSI). We investigate feasibility of employing this novel technique to assess radiation-induced tissue damage, which could result in radiotherapy, at moderate doses. Method and Materials: In this study we used Wistar male rats weighing 200–450 g to make the model by unilaterally irradiating one kidney with a collimated beam of X-rays (200 kVp, HVL 1.0 mm Cu). Kidney was chosen because it is a radiosensitive organ and provides internal control. Initially, rats received dose of 15 Gy and were subjected to magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) at 21 days of postirradiation time. In MRSI, rats were intravenously injected with a hyperpolarized solution of 80 mM []pyruvate. Hyperpolarization was performed by using DNP technique in HyperSense™ polarizer (Oxford instruments). Fast chemical shift imaging (CSI) was performed at 3 T to acquire axial slices through both kidneys in every 6th second to measure spatial distribution of metabolites, pyruvate, lactate, and alanine. Animals were sacrificed after imaging to harvest kidney tissues for histopathology. Results: MR spectra in kidneys clearly show metabolism of pyruvate and its endogenous downstream products, lactate and alanine. Perfusion was visible as initial high concentration of pyruvate in vena cava vain subsequently distributed in kidneys producing lactate and alanine. We observe low lactate production is in the irradiated kidney in comparison to non-irradiated kidney. Further analysis is being performed, including histopathology, to justify imaging results. Conclusion: In over preliminary data, observed reduction of lactate production in the irradiated kidney in comparison to non-irradiated kidney suggests potential use of hyperpolarized metabolic imaging technique to distinguish and assess radiation-induced tissue damage in kidneys. Further analysis is necessary to assess radiation effects to confirm observations.
Field-testing results on the sonic leak pinpointer (1985)

This paper discusses the field-testing results on the sonic leak pinpointer for medium- and high-pressure gas distribution systems. The sonic leak pinpointer is a supplement to conventional leak pinpointers by means of which false excavations can be eliminated. During the field testing, currently available pinpointing techniques (including the combustible gas indicator) accurately pinpointed leaks at 74% of the sites. The addition of the sonic leak pinpointer to these techniques increased the accurate pinpointing to 97% of the sites, an improvement of 23%. Accurate pinpointing is defined as +-2 feet, ensuring that the leak is in the first bell hole excavated. Uses for the pinpointer and the general procedure for using the instrument are also discussed. The current results demonstrate that the sonic leak pinpointer has a payback period of less than two months. 10 figs., 4 tabs.
Enzastaurin inhibits ABCB1-mediated drug efflux independently of effects on protein kinase C signalling and the cellular p53 status (2015)

The PKCβ inhibitor enzastaurin was tested in parental neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, their vincristine-resistant sub-lines, primary neuroblastoma cells, ABCB1-transduced, ABCG2-transduced, and p53-depleted cells. Enzastaurin IC50s ranged from 3.3 to 9.5 μM in cell lines and primary cells independently of the ABCB1, ABCG2, or p53 status. Enzastaurin 0.3125 μM interfered with ABCB1-mediated drug transport. PKCα and PKCβ may phosphorylate and activate ABCB1 under the control of p53. However, enzastaurin exerted similar effects on ABCB1 in the presence or absence of functional p53. Also, enzastaurin inhibited PKC signalling only in concentrations ≥ 1.25 μM. The investigated cell lines did not express PKCβ. PKCα depletion reduced PKC signalling but did not affect ABCB1 activity. Intracellular levels of the fluorescent ABCB1 substrate rhodamine 123 rapidly decreased after wash-out of extracellular enzastaurin, and enzastaurin induced ABCB1 ATPase activity resembling the ABCB1 substrate verapamil. Computational docking experiments detected a direct interaction of enzastaurin and ABCB1. These data suggest that enzastaurin directly interferes with ABCB1 function. Enzastaurin further inhibited ABCG2-mediated drug transport but by a different mechanism since it reduced ABCG2 ATPase activity. These findings are important for the further development of therapies combining enzastaurin with ABC transporter substrates.
Infrared polarimetry: gaining a molecular view of polymer viscoelasticity (1992)

Recent exciting advances have been made using infrared (IR) diode lasers to obtain sensitive and rapid measurements of molecular-level dynamics that control polymer material properties. Infrared diodes provide a bright, nearly monochromatic, polarized source that is excellent for use in polarimetry. Optical polarimetry is the measurement of the state of polarization of light. It is a powerful technique for studying molecular and microstructural anisotropy in a sample by measuring how the sample alters the polarization of a transmitted beam. In polymers, it is precisely such molecular anisotropy that underlies their viscoelastic properties. As theories are developed to predict the relaxation dynamics of individual parts of a polymer molecule, and of different species in polymer blends, there is increasing interest in experimental methods to distinguish these dynamics. Infrared polarimetry is extremely valuable in this regard, not only because of the direct relationship between the IR dichroism and molecular orientation, but also because it is amenable to labeling. The present paper reviews the basis of this technique and its application to study the effects of polydispersity on melt rheology, and the relaxation dynamics at different positions along a polymer chain. It concludes with an overview of research in progress and future problems to be tackled.