gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation of polymorphism in the promotor region for the human osteocalcin gene to bone mineral density and occurrence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Chinese women in Taiwan (2001)

Osteoporosis is a common disorder with a strong genetic component. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation of the HindIII osteocalcin gene polymorphism to bone mineral density (BMD) and their relationship to osteoporosis. We determined the HindIII osteocalcin gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction analysis in postmenopausal Chinese women in Taiwan. The osteocalcin gene polymorphism was detected by the restriction enzyme HindIII, where the H allele indicated the absence of the cuttable site and the h allele indicated its presence. We then related the genotypes to BMD and occurrence of osteoporosis in these women. The allelic frequencies for postmenopausal Chinese women in Taiwan were 64% for h and 36% for H in HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The prevalence of each genotype in the study population was 37.7% hh, 52.6% Hh, and 9.7% HH. The subjects with genotype hh had the greatest BMD at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, and those with HH had the smallest BMD at the femoral neck, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. The HindIII osteocalcin genotype showed a significant effect on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the subjects at the femoral neck, that is, women with genotype HH had a 6.4 times greater risk for osteoporosis (P < 0.05), and those with genotype Hh had a 1.2 times greater risk than women with genotype hh. In conclusion, the HindIII osteocalcin gene polymorphism is associated with reduced BMD and predisposes women to osteoporosis at the femoral neck.
A multisided generalization of Bézier surfaces (1989)

In this paper we introduce a class of surface patch representations, called S-patches, that unify and generalize triangular and tensor product Bézier surfaces by allowing patches to be defined over any convex polygonal domain; hence, S-patches may have any number of boundary curves. Other properties of S-patches are geometrically meaningful control points, separate control over positions and derivatives along boundary curves, and a geometric construction algorithm based on de Casteljau's algorithm. Of special interest are the regular S-patches, that is, S-patches defined on regular domain polygons. Also presented is an algorithm for smoothly joining together these surfaces with C k continuity.
Automatic weight-control in a rotary tabletting machine (1971)

Journal Article Automatic weight-control in a rotary tabletting machine Get access K RIDGWAY, K RIDGWAY Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy (University of London), 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J J DEER, J J DEER Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy (University of London), 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C LAZAROU, C LAZAROU Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy (University of London), 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P L FINLAY P L FINLAY Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy (University of London), 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 23, Issue Supplement_1, December 1971, Page 214S, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1971.tb08792.x Published: 12 April 2011
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Microextraction for the Analysis of Biological Samples (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Isokinetic Strength of Rotators, Flexors and Hip Extensors is Strongly Related to Front Kick Dynamics in Military Professionals (2019)

Achieving the maximum possible impact force of the front kick can be related to the isokinetic lower limb muscle strength. Therefore, we aimed to determine the regression model between kicking performance and the isokinetic peak net moment of hip rotators, flexors, and hip extensors and flexors at various speeds of contraction. Twenty-five male soldiers (27.7 ± 7.2 yrs, 83.8 ± 6.1 kg, 180.5 ± 6.5 cm) performed six barefoot front kicks, where impact forces (N) and kick velocity (m∙s<sup>-1</sup>) were measured. The 3D kinematics and isokinetic dynamometry were used to estimate the kick velocity, isokinetic moment of kicking lower limb hip flexors and extensors (60, 120, 240, 300°∙s<sup>-1</sup>), and stance lower limb hip internal and external rotators (30, 90°∙s<sup>-1</sup>). Multiple regression showed that a separate component of the peak moment concentric hip flexion and extension of the kicking lower limb at 90°∙s<sup>-1</sup> can explain 54% of the peak kicking impact force variance (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.54; p < 0.001). When adding the other 3 components of eccentric and concentric hip internal and external rotations at 30°∙s<sup>-1</sup>, the internal and external hip rotation ratios at 30°∙s<sup>-1</sup> on the stance limb and the concentric ratio of kicking limb flexion and extension at 300°∙s<sup>-1</sup> that explained the variance of impact force were 75% (p = 0.003). The explosive strength of kicking limb hip flexors and extensors is the main condition constraint for kicking performance. The maximum strength of stance limb internal and external rotators and speed strength of kicking limb hip flexors and extensors are important constraints of kicking performance that should be considered to improve the front kick efficiency.
Experiment explores inter‐calibration of biogeochemical flux and nucleic acid measurements (2003)

In the ocean, biologically active elements undergo continuous cycling between the biota, the water column, and the atmosphere. Biological processes and the resultant air/sea exchange of atmospherically active gases are closely modulated by the availability and distribution of key elements. Such processes have been traditionally measured by incubation of representative microbial communities and tracking of end‐product appearance or substrate disappearance. The recent advent of molecular techniques allows for the quantification of DNA and the RNA messenger responsible for the synthesis of the enzymes catalyzing specific biochemical processes. However, there is little information on how levels of gene expression for natural populations of micro‐organisms correlate with biogeochemical processes.
Determination of the respective density distributions of low- and high-density lipoprotein particles in bovines plasma and lymph by immunoassay of apoproteins A-I and B (1989)

International audience
Recent developments in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: phase transition and applications of the (quasi-)metallic phases (2021)

The advent of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) has led to an extensive amount of interest amongst scientists and engineers alike and an intensive amount of research has brought about major breakthroughs in the electronic and optical properties of 2D materials. This in turn has generated considerable interest in novel device applications. With the polymorphic structural features of 2D-TMDs, this class of materials can exhibit both semiconducting and metallic (quasi-metallic) properties in their respective phases. This polymorphic property further increases the interest in 2D-TMDs both in fundamental research and for their potential utilization in novel high-performance device applications. In this review, we highlight the unique structural properties of few-layer and monolayer TMDs in the metallic 1T- and quasi-metallic 1T'-phases, and how these phases dictate their electronic and optical properties. An overview of the semiconducting-to-(quasi)-metallic phase transition of 2D-TMD systems will be covered along with a discussion on the phase transition mechanisms. The current development in the applications of (quasi)-metallic 2D-TMDs will be presented ranging from high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices to energy storage, catalysis, piezoelectric and thermoelectric devices, and topological insulator and neuromorphic computing applications. We conclude our review by highlighting the challenges confronting the utilization of TMD-based systems and projecting the future developmental trends with an outlook of the progress needed to propel this exciting field forward.
[Effects of naphthalene on soil respiration, dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in the subalpine forest of western Sichuan, China]. (2018)

The effects of naphthalene on soil respiration, dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass, and its inhibition efficiency for soil fauna of subalpine forest in western Sichuan were studied by in situ control experiment. The results showed that naphthalene application significantly inhibited the individual density and group number of soil macro- and meso-/micro- arthropods, with the individual density being decreased by 76.3%-78.5% and 83.3%-84.8% respectively, and the number of groups being decreased by 48.3%-56.1% and 45.8%-58.3%, respectively. The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration rate showed single peak curves in both naphthalene treatment and control. The lowest and the highest soil respiration rates were observed in February and August, respectively. The naphthalene treatment had little effect on soil respiration. Compared with the control, naphthalene treatment significantly reduced the contents of soil dissolved carbon and dissolved nitrogen in August and October as well as microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in April and August, but increased MBC/MBN in April. The naphthalene treatment and sampling time significantly interacted to affect the MBC and MBN, but had no significant effect on individual density, the number of groups of soil fauna and DC content. In all, naphthalene as biocide could effectively inhibit the soil arthropods and had no significant effect on soil respiration, but it had varying degrees of effects on soil carbon and nitrogen components in subalpine forest of western Sichuan.
On the Role of Oxygen in Stabilizing Low‐Coordinated Au Atoms (2006)

Low-coordinated gold atoms play a decisive role in the catalytic cycle of low-temperature CO oxidation or the selective oxidation of olefins. A comparative study of argon and oxygen ion-bombarded Au(111) surfaces (see microstructure images) reveals a threefold role of adsorbed oxygen: structure formation, stabilization of low-coordinated gold atoms, and transfer during oxidation reactions.
Hydrogen and Methane Storage with Lightweight Metal-organic Frameworks (2010)

This paper present results that demonstrate significant advances for the storage of hydrogen and methane gaseous fuels. Increased density of these gases at lower operating pressures is key for the realisation of alternative, low-emission vehicle fuels that deliver feasible driving ranges with fast fill times whilst avoiding the encumberance of high pressure gas tanks.
Synchronization and calibration of camera networks from silhouettes (2004)

We propose an automatic approach to synchronize a network of uncalibrated and unsynchronized video cameras, and recover the complete calibration of all these cameras. In this paper, we extend recent work on computing the epipolar geometry from dynamic silhouettes, to deal with unsynchronized sequences and find the temporal offset between them. This is used to compute the fundamental matrices and the temporal offsets between many view-pairs in the network. Knowing the time-shifts between enough view-pairs allows us to robustly synchronize the whole network. The calibration of all the cameras is recovered from these fundamental matrices. The dynamic shape of the object can then be recovered using a visual-hull algorithm. Our method is especially useful for multi-camera shape-from-silhouette systems, as visual hulls can now be reconstructed without the need for a specific calibration session.
Electrical current modulation in wood electrochemical transistor (2023)

The nature of mass transport in plants has recently inspired the development of low-cost and sustainable wood-based electronics. Herein, we report a wood electrochemical transistor (WECT) where all three electrodes are fully made of conductive wood (CW). The CW is prepared using a two-step strategy of wood delignification followed by wood amalgamation with a mixed electron-ion conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The modified wood has an electrical conductivity of up to 69 Sm<sup>-1</sup> induced by the formation of PEDOT:PSS microstructures inside the wood 3D scaffold. CW is then used to fabricate the WECT, which is capable of modulating an electrical current in a porous and thick transistor channel (1 mm) with an on/off ratio of 50. The device shows a good response to gate voltage modulation and exhibits dynamic switching properties similar to those of an organic electrochemical transistor. This wood-based device and the proposed working principle demonstrate the possibility to incorporate active electronic functionality into the wood, suggesting different types of bio-based electronic devices.
Determination of the Basic Device Parameters of a GaAs MESFET (1979)

This paper describes a new technique to determine the basic properties of the active channel of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (mesfet). The effective gate length, channel thickness, and carrier concentration are determined from dc parameters. A precise method of measuring the dc parameters is also given. The new techniques are demonstrated using a wide variety of sample devices. It is also shown that microwave performance parameters, such as the maximum output power and minimum noise figure, are well predicted by dc parameters. Calculated values of the intrinsic and extrinsic dc parameters, using simple analytical expressions developed in terms of the geometrical and material parameters of a device, are shown to be in excellent agreement with their measured values. These expressions can be used as a basis for device design.
The Potential of HDAC Inhibitors as Cognitive Enhancers (2013)

Histone acetylation is a prominent epigenetic modification of the central nervous system that is unequivocally associated with an increase in the rate of gene transcription. Because gene transcription, in turn, plays an important role in long-lasting forms of memory, histone acetylation generally favors long-term memory, whereas histone deacetylation impinges on it. Histone acetylation is also amenable to pharmacological interventions-predominantly by the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors-and has therefore spurred considerable interest as a putative target of cognitive enhancement. Because of the ubiquitous presence of histone acetylation, HDAC inhibitors have great potential not only to treat cognitive impairment resulting from neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders but also to serve as cognitive enhancers for the cognitively healthy. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of HDAC inhibitors as cognitive treatments or cognitive enhancers; describe a new model of their mode of action, epigenetic priming; and caution against their unsupervised usage, despite their overall great promise.
Preattentive Visual Search (PAVS): A Clinical Tool for Glaucoma (2021)

Glaucoma is known to cause peripheral field loss but its impact is often underestimated. The inability to detect a target in an isolated area of the visual field may not be perceived as a significant disability. The determination here however that glaucoma adversely affects an individual’s capacity to deploy attention is an important one. This can be applied to infer the potential impact of the condition on lifestyle, even in the absence of diffuse perimetric field loss. Everyday tasks such as searching for car keys may prove more tedious and require more serial inspection. The ability to guide attention is a fundamental capacity of the human system and when compromised through visual dysfunction has the potential for devastating consequences.
Bisacurone suppresses hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis (2020)

Turmeric and its components have various health beneficial functions. However, little is known about function of bisacurone, which is one of the sesquiterpenes in turmeric, at the compound level. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of bisacurone on hepatic lipid accumulation and its mechanism in HepG2 cells and ICR mice. In HepG2 cells, bisacurone significantly inhibited fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Bisacurone at 10 µM increased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A accompanied by phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In the liver of ICR mice, bisacurone decreased total lipids, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. Bisacurone at 10 mg/kg body weight increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis, while it decreased the nuclear translocation level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein as the major transcription factors for lipogenesis. On the other hand, bisacurone promoted lipolysis by up-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A. Thus, bisacurone might be a valuable food factor for preventing hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
Figure S2 from A Multianalyte Panel Consisting of Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs and mRNAs, cfDNA, and CA19-9 Shows Utility for Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2. miRNA sequencing to discover miRNA biomarkers to discern PDAC from non-cancer. (A) Raw miRNA sequencing data from 6 healthy controls, 6 non-cancer disease controls, 5 M0 PDAC patients, and 12 M1 PDAC patients. (B) 8 potential miRNA candidates were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for cancer versus non-cancer, achieving AUC=1 within discovery cohort. (C) We selected 5 out of 8 miRNA candidates based on their abundance as detected by qPCR (Cq &lt; 40) and show the average fold changes of these 5 miRNAs between patient groups. (D) We validated these miRNAs by calculating the correlation coefficient between their qPCR data and the miRNA sequencing data. The overall R2 = 0.6&lt;/p&gt;
An Engineered Glycerol Dehydratase With Improved Activity for the Conversion of meso‐2,3‐butanediol to Butanone (2017)

There is substantial interest in engineering microorganisms to produce industrial chemicals that are currently derived from petroleum. One of these petrochemicals is butanone, which could be produced from microbially synthesized 2,3-butanediol through the action of a suitable dehydratase enzyme. Unfortunately, however, there are no known enzymes that natively catalyze this reaction. In this work, the authors set out to engineer the B<sub>12</sub> -dependent glycerol dehydratase from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpGDHt), in order to increase its activity for the conversion of meso-2,3-butanediol into butanone. The authors began by fusing the α and β subunits of the enzyme, to simplify downstream high-throughput screening protocols. Serendipitously, the fusion protein showed a 20°C increase in its temperature optimum. Using this stabilized scaffold as a starting point, the authors employed the combinatorial active site saturation test and consensus-guided mutagenesis to randomize 28 residues within 12 Å of the KpGDHt active site. By screening over 5500 variants, the authors discovered a single point mutation (T200S) that increased the catalytic efficiency of meso-2,3-butanediol dehydration by four-fold, to a value of k<sub>cat</sub> /K<sub>M</sub> = 5.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> . Thus the authors report what is, to date, the most comprehensive mutagenesis and the largest engineered increase in catalytic efficiency on the B<sub>12</sub> -dependent glycerol dehydratase scaffold.
Counterfactual Attention Learning for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization and Re-identification (2021)

Attention mechanism has demonstrated great potential in fine-grained visual recognition tasks. In this paper, we present a counterfactual attention learning method to learn more effective attention based on causal inference. Unlike most existing methods that learn visual attention based on conventional likelihood, we propose to learn the attention with counterfactual causality, which provides a tool to measure the attention quality and a powerful supervisory signal to guide the learning process. Specifically, we analyze the effect of the learned visual attention on network prediction through counterfactual intervention and maximize the effect to encourage the network to learn more useful attention for fine-grained image recognition. Empirically, we evaluate our method on a wide range of fine-grained recognition tasks where attention plays a crucial role, including fine-grained image categorization, person re-identification, and vehicle re-identification. The consistent improvement on all benchmarks demonstrates the effectiveness of our method. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Effect of medusan size on the Froude efficiency of <i>Chiropsella bronzie</i> (open symbols) and <i>Chironex fleckeri</i> (closed symbols). (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Two different models of drag were used: White (circles) and Hoerner (diamonds). Inset: Changes in Reynolds number of flow around the bell with medusan diameter.&lt;/p&gt;
Broken bars detection in an induction motor by pattern recognition (2004)

The necessity to insure a continuous and safety operation for induction motors, involves preventive maintenance programs with fault detection techniques. This paper presents the application of a pattern recognition approach in order to detect broken bars in an induction motor. The aim is to identify the operating conditions according to the level of load. For this purpose, only electrical measurements are used. Some time or frequency-dependent parameters, which are relevant for fault detection, are described. They are used to build up a pattern vector. This vector is represented by a point and the operating condition of the induction motor are represented by classes in the space. As the dimension of the space is greater than three, the classes and their evolutions can be visualized after a principal component analysis. Then a decision system, based on this signature and the k-nearest neighbors rule, is proposed.