gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triple Function of 4‐Mercaptophenylacetic Acid Promotes One‐Pot Multiple Peptide Ligation (2018)

One-pot multiple peptide ligation is a key technology to improve the efficiency of chemical protein synthesis. One-pot repetitive peptide ligation requires a cycle of three steps: peptide ligation, removal of a protecting group, and inactivation of the deprotection reagent. However, previous strategies are not sufficient because of harsh deprotection conditions, slow deprotection rates, and difficulty in quenching the deprotection reagent. To address these issues, we developed a rapid, efficient deprotection and subsequent quenching strategy using an allyloxycarbonyl group to protect the N-terminal cysteine residue. 4-Mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA), a thiol additive for native chemical ligation, functioned not only as a scavenger for π-allyl palladium complexes, but also as a quencher of palladium(0) complexes. By utilizing the multifunctionality of MPAA, we carried out a one-pot five-segment ligation to afford histone H2AX (142 amino acids), which was isolated in 59 % yield.
Phylogenetic analyses of Klebsiella species delineate Klebsiella and Raoultella gen. nov., with description of Raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., Raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and Raoultella planticola comb. nov. (2001)

The phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 9 Klebsiella species and 20 species from 11 genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the sequences of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes. The sequence data were phylogenetically analysed by the neighbourjoining and parsimony methods. The phylogenetic inference of the sequence comparison confirmed that the genus Klebsiella is heterogeneous and composed of species which form three clusters that also included members of other genera, including Enterobacter aerogenes, Erwinia clusters I and II and Tatumella. Cluster I contained the type strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae. Cluster II contained Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella planticola, Klebsiella trevisanii and Klebsiella terrigena, organisms characterized by growth at 10 degrees C and utilization of L-sorbose as carbon source. Cluster III contained Klebsiella oxytoca. The data from the sequence analyses along with previously reported biochemical and DNA-DNA hybridization data support the division of the genus Klebsiella into two genera and one genogroup. The name Raoultella is proposed as a genus name for species of cluster II and emended definitions of Klebsiella species are proposed.
Thallium halide crystals with low optical losses (1980)

Thallium chloride, KRS-6, and KRS-5 crystals were grown. Their bulk optical losses at wavelengths of 5?6 and 10.6? were (3?5)?10?5 cm?1 (13?22 dB/km). For KRS-6 crystals a relationship was established between the bulk absorption coefficients and the concentrations of various impurities.
Efficient, Realistic NPC Control Systems using Behavior-Based Techniques (2002)

Computer games are an application in which the perception of intentionality is often more important than intentionality itself. Players often attribute more intelligence to non-player characters than is actually warranted. Therefore, rather than investing more AI complexity in the system, we propose an approach which refines and extends the finite-state machine techniques already prevalent in commercially available games. Taking advantage of the similarities between robots and NPCs in dynamic environments, we describe two NPC control systems that uses behavior-based techniques.
In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle‐Mediated Metastasis Using a Bright, Red‐Shifted Bioluminescent Reporter Protein (2022)

Cancer cells produce heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of intercellular communication. This study focuses on a novel method to image EV subtypes and their biodistribution in vivo. A red-shifted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) EV reporter is developed, called PalmReNL, which allows for highly sensitive EV tracking in vitro and in vivo. PalmReNL enables the authors to study the common surface molecules across EV subtypes that determine EV organotropism and their functional differences in cancer progression. Regardless of injection routes, whether retro-orbital or intraperitoneal, PalmReNL positive EVs, isolated from murine mammary carcinoma cells, localized to the lungs. The early appearance of metastatic foci in the lungs of mammary tumor-bearing mice following multiple intraperitoneal injections of the medium and large EV (m/lEV)-enriched fraction derived from mammary carcinoma cells is demonstrated. In addition, the results presented here show that tumor cell-derived m/lEVs act on distant tissues through upregulating LC3 expression within the lung.
Hierarchical stochastic motion blur rasterization (2011)

We present a hierarchical traversal algorithm for stochastic rasterization of motion blur, which efficiently reduces the number of inside tests needed to resolve spatio-temporal visibility. Our method is based on novel tile against moving primitive tests that also provide temporal bounds for the overlap. The algorithm works entirely in homogeneous coordinates, supports MSAA, facilitates efficient hierarchical spatio-temporal occlusion culling, and handles typical game workloads with widely varying triangle sizes. Furthermore, we use high-quality sampling patterns based on digital nets, and present a novel reordering that allows efficient procedural generation with good anti-aliasing properties. Finally, we evaluate a set of hierarchical motion blur rasterization algorithms in terms of both depth buffer bandwidth, shading efficiency, and arithmetic complexity.
Cancer metastasis and adhesion molecules. (1995)

Malignant tumor cells express various cell adhesion molecules. Experimental evidence indicates that dysregulation of adhesion mechanisms plays an important role in tumor metastasis. The results of clinical studies corroborate this notion, and altered expression of cell adhesion molecules has been related to the prognosis or biologic behavior of human primary tumors and their metastases. The molecular events underlying the spread of malignant tumor cells to distant sites from the view point of cell adhesion are reviewed in this article.
The Investment Benefits of the LMEX Index (2000)

One of the most attractive aspects of commodity investment today is that there are now a number of passive indexes that are fully investable. The LMEX index is a narrowly focused index that offers returns based on a basket of industrial metals (aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc, tin, and lead). The index is constructed using futures contracts traded on the London Metals Exchange. This article presents the risk and return benefits of the LMEX index as an addition to existing stock and bond portfolios.
Multi-AUV localization and navigation exploiting acoustics (2016)

Localization and navigation represent a crucial point of the control system of marine robots because of the impossibility of exploiting sensors based on radio waves commonly used for air or land applications (e.g. Global Positioning System - GPS). Sensors based on acoustics are, instead, used to enhance the localization and navigation performance obtainable through Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Doppler Velocity Logs (DVLs). A lot of research activity has been oriented within the scientific community on different integration strategies of the acoustic sensors information with IMU and/or DVL. Within the Interuniversity Center of Integrated Systems for the Marine Environment (ISME), the University of Pisa and the University of Florence nodes began to collaborate on this research topic since several years. In particular, the research is oriented to provide a team of cooperating Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) with strong georeferencing capabilities; to this aim, the AUVs are equipped with acoustic modems with both communication and mutual localization capabilities.
Covariances Estimation for Long-Memory Processes (2010)

For a time series, a plot of sample covariances is a popular way to assess its dependence properties. In this paper we give a systematic characterization of the asymptotic behavior of sample covariances of long-memory linear processes. Central and noncentral limit theorems are obtained for sample covariances with bounded as well as unbounded lags. It is shown that the limiting distribution depends in a very interesting way on the strength of dependence, the heavy-tailedness of the innovations, and the magnitude of the lags.
Electron Microscopic Analysis of Phagocytic Activity of Chick Embryonic Retinal pigment cells in vitro (1981)

The phagocytosis of latex particles by retinal pigmented cells from chick embryos was studied in vitro. The pigment epithelial cells phagocytized latex particles within 2 hr without a latent period, as found in some mamalian species. The number of latex phagosomes increased with time, and the phagosomes eventually became distributed nearly uniformly in the cytoplasm. When cultures that had been exposed to latex particles for 24 hr were incubated without the particles for a further 7 days, numerous latex phagosomes remained inside the cells without any decrease in their number. This indicates that phagocytized particles are not ejected from the cells, presumably due to a defect in, or absence of, exocytotic activity.
A First Look at Erosion of Continuous-Fiber Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites (1991)

We report the initial results of a study of solid-particle erosion of Nicalon{trademark} Sic reinforced carbon-modified-silica-glass composites. SiC abrasives with diameters between 42 to 390{mu}m were used with impact angles of 30{degrees} and 90{degrees}, and velocities ranged 30 to 80 m/s. Fibers were parallel to the surface in all cases. Woven-fiber composites exhibited the same erosive behavior as uniaxial composites. Interfacial chemistry was controlled, and the comparison between composites which exhibit low-strength-brittle and high-strength-fibrous fractures under flexure conditions showed no significant difference in erosion resistance. This result and SEM data indicate that most of the fracture occurs within the matrix and/or at the fiber-matrix interface. We have found in previous work that polymer-matrix composites (with fibers parallel to the surface) are more susceptible to erosion damage than the matrix polymer. This also appears to be the case for the ceramic composites.
Selective Primary Health Care: Strategies for Control of Disease in the Developing World. XXII. Tetanus: A Preventable Problem (1986)

Tetanus, although an eminently preventable disease, remains common and uncontrolled in many developing countries. The persistence of tetanus is attributable to health service policies that ignore the disease because of a dearth of reliable epidemiologic and economic information. In many developing countries there have, as yet, been few public or professional demands for preventive action. For the prevention of neonatal tetanus, the immediate priority is immunization timed to produce and maintain protective levels of maternal antitoxin during pregnancy. This strategy should be accompanied by the extension and improvement of scientific standards of midwifery. To protect the rest of the population from wound tetanus, the strategy of first choice consists of continuous multiple-antigen immunization in infancy and childhood. Such a program should be reinforced by the routine administration of a toxoid booster following all accidental wounds as well as before all ritual procedures known to carry risk. These strategies, which are of proven efficacy and adaptable to local conditions of the large populations still in need of protection, together provide powerful justification for the expansion of primary maternal and child health services. Careful measurement of the incidence of neonatal tetanus would provide a good indicator of the degree of effectiveness such services have attained in many rural communities.
Tandem Core–Shell Si–Ta3N5 Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting (2016)

Nanostructured core-shell Si-Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> photoanodes were designed and synthesized to overcome charge transport limitations of Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The core-shell devices were fabricated by atomic layer deposition of amorphous Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> onto nanostructured Si and subsequent nitridation to crystalline Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub>. Nanostructuring with a thin shell of Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> results in a 10-fold improvement in photocurrent compared to a planar device of the same thickness. In examining thickness dependence of the Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> shell from 10 to 70 nm, superior photocurrent and absorbed-photon-to-current efficiencies are obtained from the thinner Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> shells, indicating minority carrier diffusion lengths on the order of tens of nanometers. The fabrication of a heterostructure based on a semiconducting, n-type Si core produced a tandem photoanode with a photocurrent onset shifted to lower potentials by 200 mV. CoTiO<sub>x</sub> and NiO<sub>x</sub> water oxidation cocatalysts were deposited onto the Si-Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> to yield active photoanodes that with NiO<sub>x</sub> retained 50-60% of their maximum photocurrent after 24 h chronoamperometry experiments and are thus among the most stable Ta<sub>3</sub>N<sub>5</sub> photoanodes reported to date.
Inflammatory Cell Populations in the Airways and Parenchyma after Antigen Challenge in the Rat (1993)

We examined the effects of sensitization and antigen challenge on the cellular populations retrieved from the large airways (LA) (generations zero to 5 approximately) and small airways and parenchyma (S/P) of the rat. Male Brown-Norway rats, 7 to 8 wk of age, were either actively sensitized to ovalbumin (n = 24) or sham-sensitized to saline (n = 9), and, 14 days later, they were anesthetized with urethane, intubated endotracheally, and challenged. Aerosols of ovalbumin (5% wt/vol in saline for 5 min) or saline were administered to 12 and six rats, respectively, and measurements of pulmonary resistance (RL) were made for 8 h. The early airway response (ER) was calculated as the highest value of RL in the first hour after challenge, and the late response (LR) was calculated as an increase in RL to greater than 200% of the baseline value in the 4- to 8-h period after challenge. Rats were killed by exsanguination, LA were separated from S/P, and cells were isolated after tissue mincing and digestion with collagenase. Total and differential cell counts and lymphocyte subsets were determined. Antigen challenge significantly increased the cellular yield (mostly neutrophils) from the LA and S/P. Animals with a LR had a lower total cellular yield from the LA and S/P than did animals without a LR. The animals with a LR also had a lower yield of eosinophils and lymphocytes from the S/P than did animals challenged with saline alone. Cellular yields were not lower in the animals with an isolated ER after antigen challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A graph query language and its query processing (1999)

Many new database applications involve querying of graph data. We present an object-oriented graph data model, and an OQL like graph query language, GOQL. The data model and the language are illustrated in the application domain of multimedia presentation graphs. We then discuss the query processing techniques for GOQL, more specifically, the translation of GOQL, into an operator-based language, called O-Algebra, extended with operators to deal with paths and sequences. We also discuss different approaches for efficient implementation of algebra operators for paths and sequences.
Thermal injuries in the insensate deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap: Case series and literature review on mechanisms of injury (2009)

With the increasing use of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, complications that are particularly rare (less than 1%) may start to become clinically relevant. During DIEP flap harvest, cutaneous nerves innervating the flap are necessarily sacrificed, resulting in reduced sensibility. This impaired sensibility prevents adequate thermoregulatory reflexes, like vasodilatation, sweating, and protective behaviors, leaving the reconstructed breast considerably more susceptible to thermal insult. We present four DIEP flap cases who sustained postoperative thermal injury to the reconstructed breast. All four cases were operated on between 2001 and 2008, over the course of 600 DIEP flaps in our unit (an incidence of 0.7%). The injuries occurred between 2 and 18 months after reconstruction. Two patients sustained thermal injury while sunbathing, one while staying in a warm environment, and one sustained the injury while taking a shower. No flap losses ensued, but these were not without morbidity. A literature review discusses other similar cases in the literature and describes the mechanisms for these findings. As a majority of patients will regain both fine-touch and heat sensation by 3 years postoperatively, it is pertinent that prophylactic measures be instituted during this period, such as the avoidance of sunbathing and the use of cooler shower temperatures for the first 3 years postoperatively. While performing sensory nerve coaptation is the gold standard for maximizing the success of sensory regeneration, this is not always sought and the 0.7% incidence of thermal injury we have encountered suggest the role for greater consideration of such injury.
Laser‐Modulated Ordering of Gold Nanoparticles at the Air/Water Interface (2009)

Abstract Beam mich hoch, Scotty! Die Bestrahlung von Langmuir‐Monoschichten aus Goldnanopartikeln (NPs) und Elaidinsäure mit Laserlicht bewirkt eine drastische Reorganisation, die von der Laserenergie abhängt (siehe Bild, Maßstab=100 μm). Experimente bei mehreren Temperaturen sprechen dafür, dass ein durch den Laserstrahl ausgelöstes lokalisiertes Erhitzen der Oberfläche in einem sehr engen Temperaturbereich ein Ordnen der NPs bewirkt. magnified image
김충호박사 정년기념논문집 : 연구논문 ; 마케팅 측면에서의 외식산업 프랜차이즈 시스템에 관한 연구 (2000)

The purposes of this thesis are to study the nature and contents of franchise system theoretically. It seek necessary ways to utilize the expert management technology for efficient operation of franchise system, coping with the introduction of that system. It can promote the development and management rationalization of foodservice industry that will introduce a franchise system on marketing. It will provide valuable aid for those who are in search of information to deliberate on a policy the franchise system and settled down fabrication The use of trade mark and name of a franchiser with famous corporate image and introduction of a franchise system which allows us an efficient utilization of expert management technology are essential. In the near future, the importance and efficiency of franchise system on marketing will be increased which can offer a competitive advantage and profitability to foodservice industry.
Modèle d'endommagement à effet retard (2002)

Ce papier étudie sur un cas unidimensionnel le modèle d'endommagement à effet de retard. Il est connu que ce type de modèle évite la localisation et donc la dépendance au maillage dans les simulations numériques. Nous donnons une solution analytique au problème de la localisation de l'endommagement dans une barre encastrée à son origine, constituée d'un matériau élastique endommageable et soumise à un saut de contrainte à son extrémité. On peut ainsi calculer pour un matériau donné analytiquement la taille de la zone de localisation qui est fonction du saut de contrainte appliqué. On montre également que la solution obtenue précédemment est la limite de résultats numériques lorsque la taille de maille tend vers 0. Ce modèle est ensuite couplé à un comportement élastoplastique ou élasto visco plastique : on montre numériquement que la propriété d'indépendance de la zone de localisation au maillage est encore vérifiée.
Neural gene therapy for inherited diseases with mental retardation: Principles and prospects (1995)

Abstract Gene therapy for inborn errors of metabolism that cause mental retardation remains a major challenge to gene therapists. In general, such disorders can be divided into two categories: those in which the primary site of pathology resides outside of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to the accumulation of toxic compounds that cross the blood‐brain barrier and cause neurologic dysfunction, and those in which the primary site of pathology resides within the neurons of the CNS. We focus on the strategies and prospects for treating the latter group of diseases, which require delivery of therapeutic genes or gene products to the CNS. Both ex vivo and in vivo approaches can be used. Among the ex vivo strategies, transplanted, genetically corrected hematopoietic stem cells obtained from a patient can enter the CNS and establish microglia within the brain that then secrete therapeutic proteins. Alternatively, neural cells such as oligodendrocytes or astrocytes can be obtained by brain biopsy, genetically corrected in the laboratory using viral or nonviral vectors, then autologously transplanted back into patients for migration and secretion of the therapeutic gene products. Among the in vivo delivery techniques, direct stereotaxic injection of therapeutic gene constructs can be used to correct a metabolic abnormality in a specific region. Intracarotid injection of therapeutic genes coupled with transient disruption of the blood brain barrier could also be used to obtain global delivery. Various approaches to the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism with mental retardation can be envisioned. We discuss each of the major gene delivery systems and related therapeutic strategies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guest Editorial (2006)

Curtin, Leah L. DSc(Hon), RN, FAAN; Rantz, Marilyn PhD, RN, FAAN, NHA Author Information
Vitamin C, Glutathione, Or Lipoic Acid Did Not Decrease Brain Or Kidney Mercury In Rats Exposed To Mercury Vapor (2003)

One must conclude that the palliative effect, if any, of GSH, vitamin C, or lipoic acid for treatment of mercury toxicity due to mercury vapor exposure does not involve mercury mobilization from the brain and kidney.
Correction: Model for the Role of Macromolecular Crowding in Regulation of Cellular Volume (1993)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Corynebacterium mucifaciensin an immunocompetent patient with cavitary pneumonia (2010)

C. mucifaciens should be considered as important human pathogen in patients with severe illness and compatible history of exposure even in individuals with no clearly identified immunosuppression.