gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced technologies for communicating with motorists: a synthesis of human factors and traffic management issues (1992)

There are a number of available and emerging technologies for communicating with motorists in their vehicle. Currently available technology, such as changeable message signs, lane control signals, highway advisory radio, commercial radio traffic reports, and cellular telephones, are being used by many metropolitan traffic management agencies nationwide as their primary means of communicating with motorists. While these devices have been shown to be effective in providing certain types of traffic information to motorists, information cannot be tailored to address the specific needs of individual drivers. With recent advances in microcomputer and communications technology, several new technologies are emerging that offer the potential to communicate directly with motorists in their vehicle. These technologies include in-vehicle video display terminals, synthesized voice displays, and head-up displays. All of these technologies permit information to be tailored to specific individuals. However, the effectiveness and appropriateness of these technologies in the driving environment remains to be proved. From a human factors and safety standpoint, the use of in-vehicle devices for communicating with motorists has raised a number of issues. The design and application of in-vehicle devices for communicating with motorists must be sensitive to the differences in the way that individuals acquire and use navigation information. While most systems use auditory displays to supplement visual displays, human factors theory and laboratory studies suggest that auditory displays, such as synthesized voice, should be used as the primary mode to present navigation and route guidance information. Although drivers prefer complex map type displays, these types of display require longer glance times by drivers and require the driver to extract the needed information. Human factors research and experimentation indicates that verbal messages, either presented visually or orally, may have less of an impact on driver safety and performance. In addition to the human factors and safety issues, there are a number of traffic management issues that directly impact highway and transportation agencies. Because of the effect that these systems are expected to have on the operations of the transportation system, transportation officials will be required to monitor and address new, non-traditional issues, such as market penetration, private funding and control, etc. Since the informational needs of motorists will be greatly expanded with ADIS, new levels of cooperation and coordination between jurisdictions and the private sector will be required to ensure a blending of technologies.
Correcting False Gene Expression Measurements From Degraded RNA Using RTQ-PCR (2007)

This paper describes a method allowing correcting false gene expression measured on highly degraded RNA using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR). RNA was isolated from different models (in vitro cell lines, in vivo models of human and dog) and different tissue types. In vitro RNA degradation and modeling of in vivo degradation were applied on intact and degraded total RNA. Gene expression (eg, Bcl-2, GAPDH, PGK, PSME3, RAB2, BAX) was measured using RTQ-PCR. 18S rRNA proved to be the most constant house-keeping gene. Less than 10-fold degraded RNA can be quantified correctly when using 18S rRNA for normalization purposes. Higher-fold degraded RNA can be quantified correctly up to a precision that is comparable to RTQ-PCR measurements on intact RNA when simulating the RNA-species and tissue-specific degradation kinetic.
Ultrafast laser deposition of oxide glass film (2009)

This paper reports the use of femtosecond laser ablation of glass target to fabricate oxide glass films. The ultrafast laser deposition offers much larger film growth rates and less particulates comparing to excimer laser deposition. This will enable one to fabricate good optical quality glass films thicker than 1 micron for planar waveguides and photonic integrated devices.
A hierarchical approach for dependability analysis of a commercial cache-based RAID storage architecture (2002)

We present a hierarchical simulation approach for the dependability analysis and evaluation of a highly available commercial cache-based RAID storage system. The architecture is complex and includes several layers of overlapping error detection and recovery mechanisms. Three abstraction levels have been developed to model the cache architecture, cache operations, and error detection and recovery mechanism. The impact of faults and errors occurring in the cache and in the disks is analyzed at each level of the hierarchy. A simulation submodel is associated with each abstraction level. The models have been developed using DEPEND, a simulation-based environment for system-level dependability analysis, which provides facilities to inject faults into a functional behavior model, to simulate error detection and recovery mechanisms, and to evaluate quantitative measures. Several fault models are defined for each submodel to simulate cache component failures, disk failures, transmission errors, and data errors in the cache memory and in the disks. Some of the parameters characterizing fault injection in a given submodel correspond to probabilities evaluated from the simulation of the lower-level submodel. Based on the proposed methodology, we evaluate and analyze: the system behavior under a real workload and high error rate (focusing on error bursts); the coverage of the error detection mechanisms implemented in the system and the error latency distributions; and the accumulation of errors in the cache and in the disks.
Evidence for a functional role of Shc proteins in mitogenic signaling induced by insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor. (1994)

Shc proteins contain a single SH2 domain, lack catalytic activity, and are substrates for activated receptors for insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Treatment with these growth factors induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc. We investigated the potential role of Shc in mitogenic signaling. Affinity-purified antibodies were microinjected into living Rat1 fibroblasts overexpressing human insulin receptors. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into newly synthesized DNA was subsequently studied to assess the importance of Shc. Cellular microinjection of anti-Shc antibody inhibited BrdU incorporation induced by insulin, IGF-1, and EGF, but did not affect cells stimulated by fetal calf serum. Microinjection of an oncogenic p21ras protein (T24) into quiescent cells produced constitutively active mitogenic signaling, and comicroinjection of T24 with the anti-Shc antibody restored insulin and EGF stimulation of DNA synthesis. Immunoprecipitates of Shc from lysates of insulin-stimulated cells removed 70-80% of guanine nucleotide-releasing factor activity. These results indicate that Shc is an important component in a mitogenic signal transduction pathway that is shared by insulin, IGF-1, and EGF. The functional locus of Shc is either upstream of p21ras or lies on a distinct branch of the pathway leading to cell cycle progression.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) attenuation of acute inflammatory response versus reactive oxygen generation in rat microvessels (2010)

S1P activates Rac1, stabilizes peripheral actin and modulates permeability responses in intact microvessels. Previous results indicate that S1P (1 μM) inhibits 65% of the peak Lp response to bradykinin (Bk; 10 nM) in rat mesenteric microvessels. In contrast to the protective action of Rac1 above, activated Rac1 also regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via NADPH oxidase. Further, ROS may mediate Rac1 induced loss of cell‐cell adhesion in endothelium and could increase permeability. Thus we hypothesized that ROS scavenging could enhance S1P dependent permeability inhibition. To test this idea we perfused rat mesenteric microvessels with the ROS scavenger N‐(2‐Mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG; 500 μM), and compared the Lp response to Bk (10 nM) in the presence of MPG versus the presence of MPG and S1P (1 μM). The attenuation of the Bk response with S1P in the presence of MPG (to 0.32 ± 0.07, n=8) was not different from the level of attenuation seen in the absence of MPG indicating that ROS generation by S1P does not contribute to vessel Lp increase under these conditions. MPG (w/o S1P) enhanced the Bk response near 2‐fold, suggesting that a low level of ROS present in the tissue decreases the NO‐dependent Bk response via NO destruction. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that S1P acts predominantly though Rac1 activation to strengthen cell‐cell adhesion. Supp NIH HL28607.
Glass-like phase for continuous distributions of exchange interactions-solvable model for the spin glass (1977)

The random-bond Ising model with continuous (rectangular) distribution of exchange interactions is treated in the Bethe approximation and is shown to have the glass-like phase. The phase diagram similar to that by Sherrington and Kirkpatrick (1975) is obtained. The random-bond Ising model on the infinite Bethe lattice is regarded as an exactly solvable model showing the spin glass.
SecureRun: Cheat-Proof and Private Summaries for Location-Based Activities (2015)

Activity-tracking applications, where people record and upload information about their location-based activities (e.g., the routes of their activities), are increasingly popular. Such applications enable users to share information and compete with their friends on activity-based social networks but also, in some cases, to obtain discounts on their health insurance premiums by proving they conduct regular fitness activities. However, they raise privacy and security issues: the service providers know the exact locations of their users; the users can report fake location information, for example, to unduly brag about their performance. In this paper, we present SecureRun, a secure privacy-preserving system for reporting location-based activity summaries (e.g., the total distance covered and the elevation gain). SecureRun is based on a combination of cryptographic techniques and geometric algorithms, and it relies on existing Wi-Fi access-point networks deployed in urban areas. We evaluate SecureRun by using real data-sets from the FON hotspot community networks and from the Garmin Connect activity-based social network, and we show that it can achieve tight (up to a median accuracy of more than 80 percent) verifiable lower-bounds of the distance covered and of the elevation gain, while protecting the location privacy of the users with respect to both the social network operator and the access point network operator(s). The results of our online survey, targeted at RunKeeper users recruited through the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform, highlight the lack of awareness and significant concerns of the participants about the privacy and security issues of activity-tracking applications. They also show a good level of satisfaction regarding SecureRun and its performance.
Coplanar waveguides and microwave inductors on silicon substrates (1995)

Silicon has many advantages as a microwave substrate material including low cost and a mature technology. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential of using high-resistivity silicon as a low-cost low-loss microwave substrate through an experimental comparative study. Coplanar waveguides fabricated on Si, GaAs, and quartz substrates are tested and their characteristics are compared. Microwave spiral inductors and meander lines are also fabricated on various substrates, and their performance is also analyzed. The results demonstrate that the losses of a coplanar transmission line (CPW) realized on high-resistivity (3 k to 7 k /spl Omega/-cm) silicon substrates are comparable to the losses of a CPW realized on a GaAs substrate covered with insulators. Furthermore, measured unloaded Q's of microwave inductive structures on high-resistivity silicon substrates are comparable to the measured unloaded Q's of the same structures on GaAs and on quartz. This paper demonstrates that high-resistivity Si can be used as a microwave substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resource Sharing for Multi-Tenant NoSQL Data Store in Cloud (2016)

Multi-tenancy hosting of users in cloud NoSQL data stores is favored by cloud providers because it enables resource sharing at low operating cost. Multi-tenancy takes several forms depending on whether the back-end file system is a local file system (LFS) or a parallel file system (PFS), and on whether tenants are independent or share data across tenants. In this thesis I focus on and propose solutions to two cases: independent data-local file system, and shared data-parallel file system. In the independent data-local file system case, resource contention occurs under certain conditions in Cassandra and HBase, two state-of-the-art NoSQL stores, causing performance degradation for one tenant by another. We investigate the interference and propose two approaches. The first provides a scheduling scheme that can approximate resource consumption, adapt to workload dynamics and work in a distributed fashion. The second introduces a workload-aware resource reservation approach to prevent interference. The approach relies on a performance model obtained offline and plans the reservation according to different workload resource demands. Results show the approaches together can prevent interference and adapt to dynamic workloads under multi-tenancy. In the shared data-parallel file system case, it has been shown that running a distributed NoSQL store over PFS for shared data across tenants is not cost effective. Overheads are introduced due to the unawareness of the NoSQL store of PFS. This dissertation targets the key-value store (KVS), a specific form of NoSQL stores, and proposes a lightweight KVS over a parallel file system to improve efficiency. The solution is built on an embedded KVS for high performance but uses novel data structures to support concurrent writes. Results show the proposed system outperforms Cassandra and Voldemort in several different workloads.
Biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment in autoimmune diseases (2014)

Autoimmune diseases, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, are characterized by a high prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD), which constitutes the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among such patients. Although such effects are partly explained by a higher prevalence of traditional CV risk factors, many studies indicate that such factors do not fully explain the enhanced CV risk in these patients. In addition, risk stratification algorithms based upon traditional CV risk factors are not as predictive in autoimmune diseases as in the general population. For these reasons, the timely and accurate assessment of CV risk in these high-risk populations still remains an unmet clinical need. An enhanced contribution of different inflammatory components of the immune response, as well as autoimmune elements (e.g. autoantibodies, autoantigens, and cellular response), has been proposed to underlie the incremental CV risk observed in these populations. Recent advances in proteomic tools have contributed to the discovery of proteins involved in CVDs, including some that may be suitable to be used as biological markers. In this review we summarize the main markers in the field of CVDs associated with autoimmunity, as well as the recent advances in proteomic technology and their application for biomarker discovery in autoimmune disease.
Optimization of high-sensitivity fluorescence detection (1990)

We present general expressions for the number of photons emitted by a fluorescent chromophore as a function of the intensity and the duration of illumination. The aim is to find optimal conditions for detecting fluorescent molecules in the presence of both ground-state depletion and photodestruction. The key molecular parameters are the absorption coefficient epsilon, the excited singlet-state lifetime tau f, the excited triplet-state decay rate kT, the intersystem crossing rate kI, and the intrinsic photodestruction time tau d. When only singlet saturation and photochemistry are important, the signal-to-noise ratio depends on two fundamental variables: k, the ratio of the absorption rate ka to the observed fluorescence decay rate kf, and tau, the ratio of the duration of illumination taut to the intrinsic photodestruction time tau d. Equations are also developed for the more complicated cases when triplet formation and photochemistry are important. This theory was tested by measuring the fluorescence from a solution of beta-phycoerythrin flowed through a focused argon ion laser beam. The dependence of the fluorescence on the incident light intensity and the illumination time agrees well with the theoretical prediction for singlet saturation and photochemistry. The signal-to-noise ratio is optimal when the light intensity and the flow rate are adjusted so that both K and tau are close to unity (5 X 10(22) photons cm-2 s-1 and a transit time tau t of 700 mus). This analysis should be useful for optimizing fluorescence detection in DNA sequencing, chromatography, fluorescence microscopy, and single-molecular fluorescence detection.
Separation Techniques for Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Abstract Single‐walled carbon nanotubes have considerable potential as building blocks in future nanoscale electronics. The tubes exist in two modifications, metallic and semiconducting, which might be used in a range of electronic applications. One of the grand challenges is to separate metallic from semiconducting tubes in substantial quantities. In this respect, this article gives a brief overview over the separation techniques in this new field of nanotube research.
Data from Mutations in the Hepatitis C Virus <i>core</i> Gene Are Associated with Advanced Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Published data implicate the HCV &lt;i&gt;core&lt;/i&gt; gene in oncogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that &lt;i&gt;core&lt;/i&gt; gene sequences from HCC patients differ from those of patients without cirrhosis/HCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Full-length HCV sequences from HCC patients and controls were obtained from the investigators and GenBank and compared with each other. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the HCC risk of individual point mutations and other sequence features. Mutations in partial sequences (bases 36-288) from HCC patients and controls were also analyzed. The first base of the AUG start codon was designated position 1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A logistic regression model developed through analysis of full-length &lt;i&gt;core&lt;/i&gt; gene sequences identified seven polymorphisms significantly associated with increased HCC risk (36G/C, 209A, 271U/C, 309A/C, 435A/C, 481A, and 546A/C) and an interaction term (for 209A-271U/C) that had an odds ratio &lt;1.0. Three of these polymorphisms could be analyzed in the partial sequences. Two of them, 36G/C and 209A, were again associated with increased HCC risk, but 271U/C was not. The odds ratio of 209A-271U/C was not significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; HCV &lt;i&gt;core&lt;/i&gt; genes from patients with and without HCC differ at several positions. Of interest, 209A has been associated with IFN resistance and HCC in previous studies. Our findings suggest that HCV &lt;i&gt;core&lt;/i&gt; gene sequence data might provide useful information about HCC risk. Prospective investigation is needed to establish the temporal relationship between appearance of the viral mutations and development of HCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Multi-Axial Electromechanically-Coupled Homogenized Energy Model for Ferroelectric Materials (2017)

In this paper, we discuss the development and implementation of a 3-D electromechanically coupled homogenized energy model (HEM) for ferroelectric materials. A stochastic-based methodology is introduced and applied to problems involving large scale switching of ferroelectric and ferroelastic materials. Switching criteria for polarization variants are developed using density distributions in three dimensions to accommodate both electrical and mechanical loading and their coupled response. The theory accommodates non-proportional loading and major/minor loop hysteresis. Such formulations are known to accelerate computations for real-time control of nonlinear and hysteretic actuators. The proposed formulation maintains superior computational efficiency in the three dimensional case through the application of density formulations that are based on internal distributions of stress and electric field to produce a distribution of polarization switching events over a range of applied fields and stresses.
Identification of theStreptococcus gordonii glmMgene encoding phosphoglucosamine mutase and its role in bacterial cell morphology, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to antibiotics (2008)

Phosphoglucosamine mutase (EC 5.4.2.10) catalyzes the interconversion of glucosamine-6-phosphate into glucosamine-1-phosphate, an essential step in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of peptidoglycan precursor uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine. The gene (glmM) of Escherichia coli encoding the enzyme has been identified previously. We have now identified a glmM homolog in Streptococcus gordonii, an early colonizer on the human tooth and an important cause of infective endocarditis, and have confirmed that the gene encodes phosphoglucosamine mutase by assaying the enzymatic activity of the recombinant GlmM protein. Insertional glmM mutant of S. gordonii did not produce GlmM, and had a growth rate that was approximately half that of the wild type. Morphological analyses clearly indicated that the glmM mutation causes marked elongation of the streptococcal chains, enlargement of bacterial cells, and increased roughness of the bacterial cell surface. Furthermore, the glmM mutation reduces biofilm formation and increases sensitivity to penicillins relative to wild type. All of these phenotypic changes were also observed in a glmM deletion mutant, and were restored by the complementation with plasmid-borne glmM. These results suggest that, in S. gordonii, mutations in glmM appear to influence bacterial cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, and sensitivity to penicillins.