gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filtration donation plasmapheresis using a single puncture needle. (1987)

In response to the concept of component blood transfusion, collection of individual components of blood directly from healthy donors needs to be popularized. Especially, a safe and effective method of plasma collection, donation plasmapheresis, is requested to be urgently developed. Reported herein is a donation phasmapheresis technique utilizing a membrane filter for separation of plasma in connection with a single needle for venipunture. The result obtained from ten actual donation plasmapheresis procedures showed that the average amount of 453ml of plasma was collected in the average period of 56 minutes without any unfavorable untoward effects in ten volunteer donors, and the solutes including important proteinous fractions such as immunoglobulins and coagulation factors were sufficiently contained in their concentration to be used as plamsa components for transfusion.
Bistable [2]Rotaxane Based Molecular Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications (2007)

Bistable [2]rotaxanes are a unique class of supramolecules that have two constitutional isomers. Upon sandwiched between two electrodes, these two isomeric states show different conducting states, thus behaving as molecular switches. In this thesis, I describe how the bistable [2]rotaxanes have been investigated to ensure that the switching characteristics in solid-state devices are those of the bistable [2]rotaxanes and not those of extraneous elements. In addition, integration of these molecules onto ultradense nanowire arrays to constitute a memory circuit is presented. The bistable [2]rotaxanes have been examined in various environments to study kinetics and ground-state thermodynamics between both isomeric states. In the kinetic study, as molecules are embedded in more viscous environments (solution→polymer gel→solid-state device), a key step in switching cycle slows down significantly, thus reflecting the environments where the molecules are surrounded. In thermodynamic study, one of the major units in the molecular structure was modified and then equilibrium population ratio between both isomeric states was monitored at various temperatures. In both solution and solid-state devices, the population ratio of the modified [2]rotaxane was more sensitive to temperature. This result is very critical in that the properties of devices can be tailored by manipulating the structure of molecular components. The bistable [2]rotaxanes were integrated into crossbar nanowire arrays to constitute a memory circuit. Ultra-dense nanowire arrays used as electrodes are generated by superlattice nanowire pattern transfer (SNAP) method. Due to extremely narrow pitch (~33 nm) of the SNAP nanowire arrays, the device sets a remarkable record in memory density (~1011 Bits/cm2). Although the circuits were found to have large numbers of defects, those defects were identified through electronic testing and the working bits were configured to form a fully functional random access memory for storing and retrieving information. Finally, nanofluidic devices have been developed by utilizing the SNAP method. Due to small channel dimensions (
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): three letters that change the people's life. For ever (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the motor nervous system. It causes progressive and cumulative physical disabilities in patients, and leads to eventual death due to respiratory muscle failure. The disease is diverse in its presentation, course, and progression. We do not yet fully understand the cause or causes of the disease, nor the mechanisms for its progression; thus, we lack effective means for treating this disease. Currently, we rely on a multidisciplinary approach to symptomatically manage and care for patients who have ALS. Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its variants are readily recognized by neurologists, about 10% of patients are misdiagnosed, and delays in diagnosis are common. Prompt diagnosis, sensitive communication of the diagnosis, the involvement of the patient and their family, and a positive care plan are prerequisites for good clinical management. A multidisciplinary, palliative approach can prolong survival and maintain quality of life. Treatment with Riluzole improves survival but has a marginal effect on the rate of functional deterioration, whereas non-invasive ventilation prolongs survival and improves or maintains quality of life. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis, management, and how to cope with impaired function and end of life on the basis of our experience, the opinions of experts, existing guidelines, and clinical trials. Multiple problems require a multidisciplinary approach including aggressive symptomatic management, rehabilitation to maintain motor function, nutritional support (enteric feeding, gastrostomy), respiratory support (non invasive home ventilation, invasive ventilation, tracheotomy), augmentative communication devices, palliative care, psychological support for both patients and families (because family members so often play a central role in management and care), communication between the care team, the patient and his or her family, and recognition of the clinical and social effects of cognitive impairment. Social, bioethical, and financial issues as well as advance directives should be addressed. A plethora of evidence-based guidelines should be compiled into an internationally agreed guideline of best practice. The multidisciplinary team has changed the history of disease, with still no curative therapy available.
Intrinsic Decompositions for Image Editing (2017)

Intrinsic images are a mid-level representation of an image that decompose the image into reflectance and illumination layers. The reflectance layer captures the color/texture of surfaces in the sc...
A Mid-Infrared Sensor for Monitoring of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment (2000)

Abstract As part of the European research project SOFIE - “Spectroscopy using Optical Fibres in the Marine Environment”, a portable sensor system for chlorinated hydrocarbons in seawater is being developed. This novel analytical tool for real-time in-situ monitoring of a particularly important class of seawater pollutants consists of a robust, miniaturised FT-IR spectrometer in a sealed aluminium pressure vessel and a fibre optic sensor head. In a laboratory set-up using an ATR-crystal as a simplified sensor head, the effect of potentially interfering substances, both of natural and anthropogenic origin, on the sensor response was tested. It was found that the sensor readings for a specific analyte are not susceptible to aliphatic and aromatic components as well as other chlorinated hydrocarbons up to concentrations well above the average levels to be encountered in the oceans. The same applies for the parameters salinity and turbidity. Consequently, the proposed sensor system should be well suited for real-world sub-sea applications.
Scooby: Improved Multi-party Homomorphic Secret Sharing Based on FHE (2022)

We present new constructions of multi-party homomorphic secret sharing (HSS) based on a new primitive that we call homomorphic encryption with decryption to shares (HEDS). Our first construction, which we call $$\mathsf {Scooby} $$ , is based on many popular fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes with a linear decryption property. $$\mathsf {Scooby} $$ achieves an n-party HSS for general circuits with complexity $$O(|F| + \log n)$$ , as opposed to $$O(n^2 \cdot |F|)$$ for the prior best construction based on multi-key FHE. $$\mathsf {Scooby} $$ can be based on (ring)-LWE with a super-polynomial modulus-to-noise ratio. In our second construction, $$\mathsf {Scrappy} $$ , assuming any generic FHE plus HSS for NC1-circuits, we obtain a HEDS scheme which does not require a super-polynomial modulus. While these schemes all require FHE, in another instantiation, $$\mathsf {Shaggy} $$ , we show how in some cases it is possible to obtain multi-party HSS without FHE, for a small number of parties and constant-degree polynomials. Finally, we show that our $$\mathsf {Scooby} $$ scheme can be adapted to use multi-key fully homomorphic encryption, giving more efficient spooky encryption and setup-free HSS. This latter scheme, $$\mathsf {Casper} $$ , if concretely instantiated with a B/FV-style multi-key FHE scheme, for functions F which do not require bootstrapping, gives an HSS complexity of $$O(n \cdot |F| + n^2 \cdot \log n)$$ .
Preparation of microporous organic polymer through Schiff base chemistry and its potential application (2015)

The uniform microporous organic polymer (MOP) was obtained in one-pot and one-step polymerization process through Schiff base chemistry under thermal conditions. The obtained anthraquinone–melamine based MOP (AM-MOP) displays high surface area (215 m2/g). AM-MOP was manually filled into a column with high pressure and used as packing material in the high-performance liquid chromatographic applications. The analysis of compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was performed to display a possible application by using AM-MOP packed column. Compared to the commercial columns, AM-MOP exhibits better selectivity factor and column efficiency arising from its strong π–π interaction activity. Furthermore, it has similar solvent uptake in both polar and nonpolar media, which explains good compatibility of the material with all mobile phases, from acetonitrile to methanol and water.
3D Printing of Carbides Using Renewable Resources (2018)

Here we present our initial results for fabrication of 3D cellular architectures of tungsten carbide by 3D printing. We 3D printed cellular architectures of a biopolymer gel composite that consisted of iota-carrageenan and chitin as carbon precursors and tungsten tri-oxide as the tungsten source. The 3D printed gel composite was dried to obtain a 3D structure of biopolymer xerogel. Heat treatment of the xerogel structures resulted in 3D cellular architectures of porous tungsten carbide (WC). Significant shrinkage occurred during the drying and heat treatment process. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed that WC was formed after heat treatment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the WC formed here featured a porous network of particle agglomerates. Ongoing work includes compressive testing to determine the Young's modulus of samples. A design of experiments will be implemented to develop a relationship between mechanical behavior and the geometry of the cellular architecture. Additionally, shrinkage, material solvent, printing substrate and filament diameter require further study to control rheology and increase precision during fabrication.
Systems and Trans-System Level Analysis Identifies Conserved Iron Deficiency Responses in the Plant Lineage (2012)

We surveyed the iron nutrition-responsive transcriptome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using RNA-Seq methodology. Presumed primary targets were identified in comparisons between visually asymptomatic iron-deficient versus iron-replete cells. This includes the known components of high-affinity iron uptake as well as candidates for distributive iron transport in C. reinhardtii. Comparison of growth-inhibited iron-limited versus iron-replete cells revealed changes in the expression of genes in chloroplastic oxidative stress response pathways, among hundreds of other genes. The output from the transcriptome was validated at multiple levels: by quantitative RT-PCR for assessing the data analysis pipeline, by quantitative proteomics for assessing the impact of changes in RNA abundance on the proteome, and by cross-species comparison for identifying conserved or universal response pathways. In addition, we assessed the functional importance of three target genes, Vitamin C 2 (VTC2), monodehydroascorbate reductase 1 (MDAR1), and conserved in the green lineage and diatoms 27 (CGLD27), by biochemistry or reverse genetics. VTC2 and MDAR1, which are key enzymes in de novo ascorbate synthesis and ascorbate recycling, respectively, are likely responsible for the 10-fold increase in ascorbate content of iron-limited cells. CGLD27/At5g67370 is a highly conserved, presumed chloroplast-localized pioneer protein and is important for growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in low iron.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with Nitriles. Part 77. Synthesis and Structure Analysis of 4‐Amino‐5‐cyano‐1‐phenyl‐3‐pyridazinecarboxylates. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the butenoates (II) with the diazonium salt (I) yields the open‐chain adduct (III) which is cyclized to give the pyridazinecarboxylate (IVa).
Characterization of Elementary Trapping Sets in Irregular LDPC Codes and the Corresponding Efficient Exhaustive Search Algorithms (2018)

In this paper, we propose a characterization of elementary trapping sets (ETSs) for irregular low-density paritycheck (LDPC) codes. These sets are known to be the main culprits in the error floor region of such codes. The characterization of ETSs for irregular codes has been known to be a challenging problem due to the large variety of nonisomorphic ETS structures that can exist within the Tanner graph of these codes. This is a direct consequence of the variety of the degrees of the variable nodes that can participate in such structures. The proposed characterization is based on a hierarchical graphical representation of ETSs, starting from simple cycles of the graph, or from single variable nodes, and involves three simple expansion techniques: degree-one tree (dot), path, and lollipop, thus, the terminology dpl characterization. A similar dpl characterization was proposed in an earlier work by the authors for the leafless ETSs of variable-regular LDPC codes. The present paper generalizes the prior work to codes with a variety of variable node degrees and to ETSs that are not leafless. The proposed dpl characterization corresponds to an efficient search algorithm that, for a given irregular LDPC code, can find all the instances of (a, b) ETSs with size a and with the number of unsatisfied check nodes b within any range of interest a amax and b bmax, exhaustively. Although branch-&-bound exhaustive search algorithms for finding ETSs of irregular LDPC codes exist, to the best of our knowledge, the proposed search algorithm is the first of its kind, in that, it is devised based on a characterization of ETSs that makes the search process efficient. For a constant degree distribution and range of search, the worst-case complexity of the proposed dpl algorithm increases linearly with the block length n. The average complexity, excluding the search for the input simple cycles, is constant in n. Extensive simulation results are presented to show the versatility of the search algorithm, and to demonstrate that, compared to the literature, significant improvement in search speed can be obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: The 550th Anniversary of the Universitaet Basel, 1460—2010: Paracelsian Beginnings and Chemistry (2010)

Abstract Review: 71 refs.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Recognition Using Transfer Learning with a Pre-trained DenseNet (2021)

Recent findings demonstrated that deep neural networks carry out features extraction itself to identify the electrocardiography (ECG) pattern or cardiac arrhythmias from the ECG signals directly and provided good results compared to cardiologists in some cases. But, to face the challenge of huge volume of data to train such networks, transfer learning is a prospective mechanism where network is trained on a large dataset and learned experiences are transferred to a small volume target dataset. Therefore, we firstly extracted 78,999 ECG beats from MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset and transformed into 2D RGB images and used as the inputs of the DenseNet. The DenseNet is initialized with the trained weights on ImageNet and fine-tuned with the extracted beat images. Optimization of the pre-trained DenseNet is performed with the aids of on-the-fly augmentation, weighted random sampler, and Adam optimizer. The performance of the pre-trained model is assessed by hold-out evaluation and stratified 5-fold cross-validation techniques along with early stopping feature. The achieved accuracy of identifying normal and four arrhythmias are of 98.90% and 100% for the hold-out and stratified 5-fold respectively. The effectiveness of the pre-trained model with the stratified 5-fold by transfer learning approach is surpassed compared to the state-of-art-the approaches and models, and also explicit the maximum generalization of imbalanced classes.
Enantioselective synthesis of 3-hydroxy- and 3-amino-3-alkynyl-2-oxindoles by the dimethylzinc-mediated addition of terminal alkynes to isatins and isatin-derived ketimines (2023)

A highly enantioselective alkynylation of isatins and isatin-derived ketimines is described. In isatins, the alkynylation occurs at the Si face of the carbonyl group, whereas in the ketimine derivatives it occurs at the Re face of the imine.
Wideband planar skirt antenna and its application for the detection of terahertz radiation (2013)

A new type of traveling wave antenna is presented. Key features of the antenna are planar, low mass and wide bandwidth of operation. One such antenna was designed for terahertz radiation detection and realized in standard IBM CMOS-SOI process with subsequent MEMS post processing. Measurements performed at 655GHz showed very good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on full wave simulations. The present article describes the antenna physics, design, fabrication and measurement results.
Layout design and verification for cell library to improve ESD/latchup reliability in deep-submicron CMOS technology (2002)

A methodology to verify the ESD and latchup reliability of CMOS cell libraries has been proposed. The ESD- or latchup-sensitive layout in the cell library can be found by this proposed methodology with DRC (design rules check) and ERC (electrical rules check), before the chip is fabricated. By changing the layout in the suggested way of high immunity to ESD and latchup without increasing the layout area of the internal cores, the ESD and latchup reliability of CMOS IC's assembled by the verified cell library can be significantly improved without trial-and-error design modification and wafer fabrication.
Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonist-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Chimpanzee and Rhesus Monkey Associated With Preexisting Drug-Dependent Antibodies to Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (1999)

Most clinical trials with fibrinogen receptor antagonists (FRAs) have been associated with thrombocytopenia. This report describes the occurrence of thrombocytopenia in one chimpanzee and one rhesus monkey upon administration of potent FRAs. Chimpanzee A-264 experienced profound thrombocytopenia on two occasions immediately upon intravenous administration of two different potent FRAs, L-738, 167 and L-739,758. However, an equally efficacious antiaggregatory dose of another potent antagonist, L-734,217, caused no change in platelet count. These compounds did not affect platelet count in five other chimpanzees or numerous other nonhuman primates. Flow cytometric analysis showed drug-dependent antibodies (DDAbs) in the plasma of chimpanzee A-264 that bound to platelets of chimpanzees, humans, and all other primates tested only in the presence of the compounds that induced thrombocytopenia. Rhesus monkey 94-R021 experienced thrombocytopenia upon administration of a different antagonist, L-767,679, and several prodrugs that are converted into the active form, L-767,679, in the blood. More than 20 other FRAs, including those that induced thrombocytopenia in chimpanzee A-264, had no effect on platelet count in this monkey. Flow cytometric measurements again identified DDAbs that reacted with platelets of all primates tested and required the presence of L-767,679. Screening for DDAbs in the plasma of 1,032 human subjects with L-738, 167 and L-739,758 demonstrated that the incidence of these preexisting antibodies in this population was 0.8% +/- 0.6% and 1.1% +/- 0.6%, respectively.
Layer-by-Layer Thinning of MoS2 by Plasma (2013)

The electronic structures of two-dimensional materials are strongly dependent on their thicknesses; for example, there is an indirect to direct band gap transition from multilayer to single-layer MoS2. A simple, efficient, and nondestructive way to control the thickness of MoS2 is highly desirable for the study of thickness-dependent properties as well as for applications. Here, we present layer-by-layer thinning of MoS2 nanosheets down to monolayer by using Ar(+) plasma. Atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, optical contrast, Raman, and photoluminescence spectra suggest that the top layer MoS2 is totally removed by plasma while the bottom layer remains almost unaffected. The evolution of Raman and photoluminescence spectra of MoS2 with thickness change is also investigated. Finally, we demonstrate that this method can be used to prepare two-dimensional heterostructures with periodical single-layer and bilayer MoS2. The plasma thinning of MoS2 is very reliable (with almost 100% success rate), can be easily scaled up, and is compatible with standard semiconductor process to generate heterostructures/patterns at nanometer scale, which may bring out interesting properties and new physics.
Development of The Tuna Fish Catch Information Management System using RFID and a Communications Satellite (2006)

We presents a new information management system to verify tuna fish chain-of-custody from fishing vessel to the market, which consists of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, a personal computer (PC), and a low orbital communications satellite (ORBCOMM) system. An RFID tag implanted into tuna fish body records fishing condition data, i.e., fishing time and position (latitude & longitude), vessel name, course and ground speed, and biological data of caught fish, i.e., species name, sex, and body length and weight. Data in the RFID tag are readable and rewritable through the RFID reader antenna without the need for direct contact with the object. The same data and the RFID tag ID number are simultaneously transmitted to an information control base through the ORBCOMM system. Managers of tuna fisheries and fish markets can read the data from the RFID tag in the fish body, and request for data verification from the data storage center over the Internet.
Optimization of infection in murine model with Chlamydia trachomatis for vaccine studies (2013)

Background and Significance: Vaccine studies for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) have been hampered by the lack of an ideal murine model. Ct is not ideal for infection and subsequent pathology as it is ...
Physical Color Calibration of Digital Pathology Scanners for Robust Artificial Intelligence Assisted Cancer Diagnosis (2023)

Supplementary trained AI models, example image data and example results for Xiaoyi Ji et al., "Physical Color Calibration of Digital Pathology Scanners for Robust Artificial Intelligence Assisted Cancer Diagnosis". The study demonstrates that physical color calibration provides a potential solution to the variation introduced by different digital pathology scanners, making AI-based cancer diagnostics more reliable and applicable in diverse clinical settings. The purpose of this repository is to present the process of analyzing prostate biopsies in the study, detailing the steps of predictions for cancer presence, cancer length and Gleason grading with or without physical color calibration. If you use the models or data for your research, please cite the associated scientific publication: Xiaoyi Ji, Richard Salmon, Nita Mulliqi, Umair Khan, Yinxi Wang, Anders Blilie, Henrik Olsson, Bodil Ginnerup Pedersen, Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen, Benedicte Parm Ulhøi, Svein R Kjosavik, Emilius AM Janssen, Mattias Rantalainen, Lars Egevad, Pekka Ruusuvuori, Martin Eklund, Kimmo Kartasalo, "Physical Color Calibration of Digital Pathology Scanners for Robust Artificial Intelligence Assisted Cancer Diagnosis". arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.05519, 2023. For more information, see the Github repository: https://github.com/prcimage/supplementary-physical-color-calibration