gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D In Situ ToF‐SIMS Imaging of Perovskite Films under Controlled Humidity Environmental Conditions (2016)

Since CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskites are discovered as a viable active material for next‐generation photovoltaic devices, their instability in humid environments is a constant challenge. Therefore, understanding the exact spatially resolved degradation process is a crucial need before being able to improve the stability and durability of these exceptional materials. In this work, it is demonstrated that the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite will eventually degrade irreversibly at high humidity through a slow leaching and vaporization process of CH 3 NH 2 . Deuterium oxide (D 2 O) is used as a humidity source instead of H 2 O to distinguish the exogenous water diffusing into the perovskite from moisture embedded during sample fabrication. The degradation process of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite is examined in situ by using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and an argon ion cluster beam for layer‐by‐layer in situ sputtering and then compared to their corresponding solar cell performances. 3D images are constructed from the layer‐by‐layer spatially resolved elemental distribution analysis and the D 2 O moisture penetration through the sample. It is observed that the H/D exchange on the organic methylammonium ion is the first indication for moisture uptake in a given volume element. The intermediate products of interaction with moisture are also analyzed by ToF‐SIMS and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The initial products of this deuterium exchange reaction are CH 3 NH 2 D, CH 3 NHD 2 , and CH 3 ND 3 . In the following, the D 2 O molecule stepwise replaces the methylammonium, which leads to evaporation of the organic molecules and eventually to erosion of the perovskite along with drastic changes in morphology, crystallography, and photovoltaic performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly Chemoselective Oxidation of Primary Aliphatic Amines by Using a Biomimetic Electrocatalytic System. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IN VIVO TESTING OF THE TOTALLY IMPLANTABLE JARVIK 2000® HEART SYSTEM (2000)

The totally implantable Jarvik 2000 Heart system (J2000-TI) is undergoing in vivo testing to evaluate its packaging, ease of implantation, transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) capability, telemetric reliability, and overall efficiency. This study is being supported by the National Institutes of Health. The system's implantable components consist of an intraventricular axial-flow rotary blood pump (Jarvik 2000 Heart) with a dual-coil stator, a controller with a pacemaker-style header, and two secondary TET coils (main and backup), each with pacemaker-type connectors. The implantable controller contains lithium-ion batteries, electronic components, and an antenna embedded in the header. External components include an uninterruptable power source, a laptop computer, a radio-frequency communication link, a primary TET coil, and a TET oscillator. The blood pump was recently implanted in a 74-kg calf through a left thoracotomy. The secondary TET coils and controller were implanted subcutaneously over the animal's rib cage and abdominal area, respectively. The primary coil was secured on the skin, over the main secondary TET coil. The backup stator winding lead was exteriorized through the skin and was used to power the pump during surgery. Postoperatively, this lead can be used as an emergency backup. The J2000-TI was successfully implanted, and it has performed satisfactorily for 65 days. In this ongoing study, the blood pump is being operated at a programmable fixed speed of 9500±236 rpm, producing an average flow of 3 to 4 L/min. When telemetric measurements were compared to direct measurements (obtained with an exteriorized RS232 link), the resulting data sets did not vary by more than ±5%. Total J2000-TI power consumption, including TET utilization, has averaged 15.8±1.2 W. This study confirms the feasibility of implanting the J2000-TI in the calf model. The dual-coil stator and pacemaker-type packaging of the controller and leads should allow flexibility in case of component failure, either at implantation or postoperatively.
Staphylococcus devriesei sp. nov., isolated from teat apices and milk of dairy cows (2010)

Ten non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from bovine milk and teat apices. All isolates were catalase-positive, with anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0) and C(18 : 0) as predominant fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The results of sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and four housekeeping genes (rpoB, hsp60, tuf and dnaJ) in combination with tRNA-intergenic spacer length analysis showed that the isolates form a separate branch within the genus Staphylococcus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the phylogenetically most closely related species are Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. hominis and S. lugdunensis, with >98.7 % sequence similarity. The DNA G+C content varies from 33.3 to 33.7 mol%, and DNA-DNA hybridization with the nearest neighbours, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed that the isolates represent a novel Staphylococcus species. All isolates induced a small zone of complete haemolysis on Columbia agar with 5 % sheep blood and exhibited a homogeneous biochemical fingerprint that is discriminative from the phylogenetically most closely related species. Based on these results, it is proposed to classify the ten isolates as Staphylococcus devriesei sp. nov., with strain KS-SP 60(T) (=LMG 25332(T) =CCUG 58238(T)) as the type strain.
Gecko‐Inspired Dry Adhesive for Robotic Applications (2011)

Abstract Most geckos can rapidly attach and detach from almost any kind of surface. This ability is attributed to the hierarchical structure of their feet (involving toe pads, setal arrays, and spatulae), and how they are moved (articulated) to generate strong adhesion and friction forces on gripping that rapidly relax on releasing. Inspired by the gecko's bioadhesive system, various structured surfaces have been fabricated suitable for robotic applications. In this study, x – y – z asymmetric, micrometer‐sized rectangular flaps composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were fabricated using massively parallel micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques with the intention of creating directionally responsive, high‐to‐low frictional‐adhesion toe pads exhibiting properties similar to those found in geckos. Using a surface forces apparatus (SFA), the friction and adhesion forces of both vertical (symmetric) and angled/tilted ( x – y – z asymmetric) microflaps under various loading, unloading and shearing conditIons were investigated. It was found that the anisotropic structure of tilted microflaps gives very different adhesion and tribological forces when articulated along different x – y – z directions: high friction and adhesion forces when articulated in the y – z plane along the tilt (+ y ) direction, which is also the direction of motion, and weak friction and adhesion forces when articulated against the tilt (– y ) direction. These results demonstrate that asymmetric angled structures, as occur in geckos, are required to enable the gecko to optimize the requirements of high friction and adhesion on gripping, and low frictional‐adhesion on releasing. These properties are intimately coupled to a (also optimum) articulation mechanism. We discuss how both of these features can be simultaneously optimized in the design of robotic systems that can mimic the gecko adhesive system.
Novel balanced inductor for compact differential systems (2004)

This paper presents a semiconductor balanced inductor for differentially driven systems, which reduces expensive circuit area by approximately 27 % and also achieves a Q-enhancement of over 25 %. The theoretical description for both the differential and the common modes are presented. Following 3D- EM simulations a differential 90 phase shifter at 2 GHz is designed and fabricated on the P7MI process of Infineon Technologies. Both the simulation and experimental results of the first wafer run are presented, showing an excellent agreement. The insertion loss of the phase shifter is as low as 0.7 dB at 2 GHz
Optimized cDNA libraries for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) using tobacco rattle virus (2008)

Based on the silencing of NbPDS and NbPMT, we suggest the following design guidelines for constructs in TRV vectors: (1) Insert lengths should be in the range of ~200 bp to ~1300 bp, (2) they should be positioned in the middle of the cDNA and (3) homopolymeric regions (i.e. poly(A/T) tails) should not be included. Our VIGS-cDNA library method, which incorporates these guidelines to produce sequenced, VIGS-ready cDNAs, will be useful for both fast-forward and reverse genetics experiments in TRV vectors.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of a rotaxane molecule (2006)

In this paper the recent results of our studies of linear and nonlinear optical properties of a selected rotaxane are presented and discussed. The studied rotaxane can be processed into good optical quality thin films by vacuum evaporation. The linear optical properties of rotaxane solutions were studied by the UV-VIS spectroscopy and the nonlinear optical properties by the picosecond degenerate four wave mixing and Z-scan methods. The results show important rotational contribution to the nonlinear index of refraction.
Freeze-Thaw Performance Testing of Whole Concrete Railroad Ties (2013)

Freezing and thawing durability tests of prestressed concrete ties are normally performed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C666 specifications. Small specimens are cut from the shoulders of concrete ties and tested through 300 cycles of freezing and thawing. Saw-cutting these specimens may cause eccentricities in the prestressing, stress relief, and micro-cracking that may affect the results of the freeze-thaw durability tests, leading to false interpretation of the data. Conversely, testing an entire concrete tie rather than a sample may provide more consistent and accurate results by eliminating saw-cutting damage and sample variability. Seven whole prestressed concrete ties, supplied by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), were tested for freeze and thaw durability using ASTM C666 procedures that were modified slightly to accommodate the large test specimens. Deterioration over 300 cycles was measured by weight loss, length change, and impact resonance measurements. The test results revealed no significant deterioration in the test ties.
On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with Intelligent Personal Assistants (2016)

&lt;p&gt;In a technology dominated world, useful and timely information can be accessed quickly via Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs). By the use of these assistants built into mobile operating systems, daily electronic tasks of a user can be accomplished 24/7. Such tasks like taking dictation, getting turn-by-turn directions, vocalizing email messages, reminding daily appointments, setting reminders, responding any factual questions and invoking apps can be completed by IPAs such as Apple’s &lt;a href="http://searchconsumerization.techtarget.com/definition/Siri" target="_blank"&gt;Siri&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Google-Now" target="_blank"&gt;Google Now&lt;/a&gt; and Microsoft Cortana. The mentioned assistants programmed within Artificial Intelligence (AI) do create an interaction between human and computer through a natural language used in digital communication. In this regard, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of IPAs that use advanced cognitive computing technologies and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for learning. To achieve this purpose, the working system of IPAs is reviewed briefly within the scope of AI that has recently become smarter to predict, comprehend and carry out multi-step and complex requests of users.&lt;/p&gt;
A structural-functional MRI-based disease atlas: application to computer-aided-diagnosis of prostate cancer (2010)

Different imaging modalities or protocols of a single patient may convey different types of information regarding a disease for the same anatomical organ/tissue. On the other hand, multi-modal/multi-protocol medical images from several different patients can also provide spatial statistics of the disease occurrence, which in turn can greatly aid in disease diagnosis and aid in improved, accurate biopsy and targeted treatment. It is therefore important to not only integrate medical images from multiple patients into a common coordinate frame (in the form of a population-based atlas), but also find the correlation between these multi-modal/multi-protocol data features and the disease spatial distribution in order to identify different quantitative structural and functional disease signatures. Most previous work on construction of anatomical atlases has focused on deriving a population-based atlas for the purpose of deriving the spatial statistics. Moreover, these models are typically derived from normal or healthy subjects, either explicitly or implicitly, where it is assumed that the inter-patient pathological variation is not large. These methods are not suitable for constructing a disease atlas, where significant differences between patients on account of disease related variations can be expected. In this paper, we present a novel framework for the construction of a multi-parametric MRI-based data-driven disease atlas consisting of multi-modal and multi-protocol data from across multiple patient studies. Our disease atlas contains 3 Tesla structural (T2) and functional (dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)) prostate in vivo MRI with corresponding whole mount histology specimens obtained via radical prostatectomy. Our atlas construction framework comprises 3 distinct modules: (a) determination of disease spatial extent on the multi-protocol MR imagery for each patient, (b) construction of a multi-protocol MR imaging spatial atlas which captures the geographical proclivity of the disease, and (c) feature extraction and the construction of the data-driven multi-protocol MRI based prostate cancer atlas. The marriage of data driven and spatial atlases could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to identifying structural and functional imaging disease signatures so as to make better, more informed diagnoses. Each spatial location in this atlas can be associated with a high dimensional multi-attribute quantitative feature vector. Additionally, since the feature vectors are extracted from across multiple patient studies, each spatial location in the data-driven atlas can be characterized by a feature distribution (in turn characterized by a mean and standard deviation). Preliminary investigation in quantitatively correlating the disease signatures from across the spatial and data driven atlases suggests that our quantitative atlas framework could emerge as a powerful tool for discovering prostate cancer imaging signatures.
Characterization of the Transport Properties of Cloned Rat Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 3 (MRP3) (1999)

We have previously cloned rat MRP3 as an inducible transporter in the liver (Hirohashi, T., Suzuki, H., Ito, K., Ogawa, K., Kume, K., Shimizu, T., and Sugiyama, Y. (1998) Mol. Pharmacol. 53, 1068-1075). In the present study, the function of rat MRP3 was investigated using membrane vesicles isolated from LLC-PK1 and HeLa cell population transfected with corresponding cDNA. The ATP-dependent uptake of both 17beta estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide ([3H]E217betaG) and glucuronide of [14C] 6-hydroxy-5, 7-dimethyl-2-methylamino-4-(3-pyridylmethyl) benzothiazole (E3040), but not that of [3H]leukotriene C4 and [3H]2, 4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, was markedly stimulated by MRP3 transfection in both cell lines. The Km and Vmax values for the uptake of [3H]E217betaG were 67 +/- 14 microM and 415 +/- 73 pmol/min/mg of protein, respectively, for MRP3-expressing membrane vesicles and 3.0 +/- 0.7 microM and 3.4 +/- 0.4 pmol/min/mg of protein, respectively, for the endogenous transporter expressed on HeLa cells. [3H]E217betaG had also a similar Km value for MRP3 when LLC-PK1 cells were used as the host. All glucuronide conjugates examined (E3040 glucuronide, 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronide, and naphthyl glucuronide) and methotrexate inhibited MRP3-mediated [3H]E217betaG transport in LLC-PK1 cells. Moreover, [3H]methotrexate was transported via MRP3. The inhibitory effect of estrone sulfate, [3H]2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione, and [3H]leukotriene C4 was moderate or minimal, whereas N-acetyl-2,4-dinitrophenylcysteine had no effect on the uptake of [3H]E217betaG. The uptake of [3H]E217betaG was enhanced by E3040 sulfate and 4-methylumbelliferone sulfate. Thus we were able to demonstrate that several kinds of organic anions are transported via MRP3, although the substrate specificity of MRP3 differs from that of MRP1 and cMOAT/MRP2 in that glutathione conjugates are poor substrates for MRP3.
Cyclic modeling of T-stub bolted connections (2021)

This paper presents the development of a model for cyclic behavior of T-stub connections. Beginning with experimental data generated from 48 T-stub component tests, a comprehensive monotonic model was developed. In this paper, the monotonic model is briefly described and its extension to the cyclic case is discussed. Comparisons with test data indicate that the model captures well most of the cyclic behavior features, with the exception of the varying location of the contact area between the T-stub flange and the column flange.
Supplementary Fig. 5 from Antitumor Efficacy of the Novel KIT Inhibitor IDRX-42 (Formerly M4205) in Patient- and Cell Line–Derived Xenograft Models of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. 5. Average number of apoptotic cells per treatment group in 10 high power fields assessed on (A) hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and on (B) cleaved poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (cPARP) staining.&lt;/p&gt;
Accelerating ML Recommendation With Over 1,000 RISC-V/Tensor Processors on Esperanto's ET-SoC-1 Chip (2022)

Machine learning (ML) recommendation workloads have demanding performance and memory requirements and, to date, have largely been run on servers with x86 processors. To accelerate these workloads (and others), Esperanto Technologies has implemented over 1,000 low-power RISC-V processors on a single chip along with a distributed on-die memory system. The ET-SoC-1 chip is designed to compute at peak rates between 100 and 200 TOPS and to be able to run ML recommendation workloads while consuming less than 20 W of power. Preliminary data presented at the Hot Chips 33 Conference projected over a hundred times better performance per watt for an Esperanto-based accelerator card versus a standard server platform for the MLPerf Deep Learning Recommendation Model benchmark.
Comparison of Theoretical Scintillation Spectra with Equatorial GNSS Data (2018)

The ionosphere influence on radio electric signals propagating from a satellite to the Earth can lead to rapid amplitude and phase variations for the receiver : the ionospheric scintillation. We developed an analytic propagation model to link the parameters of the ionosphere to the statistical quantities usually used to describe the ionospheric scintillation, especially the log-amplitude and phase spectra at the receiving end. That model is developed under the Rytov approximation. It is then valid for weak-scattering regime. The undesired effects brought by the processing of the signal at the receiver are modeled and quantified so that we are able to compare experimental data to our propagation model. Particularly, SAGAIE network is composed of several GNSS receivers on each side of the geomagnetic equator, an area significantly impacted by ionospheric scintillation. Ionospheric indices were processed and collected as well as amplitude time series, which can be processed to derive log-amplitude spectra. After a first analysis of the experimental data, we use our analytic model to retrieve the shape of the measured spectra and therefore assess the model's capacity to reproduce real measurements.
DETERMINING RAPTOR SPECIES AND TISSUE SENSITIVITY FOR IMPROVED WEST NILE VIRUS SURVEILLANCE (2018)

Raptors are a target sentinel species for West Nile virus (WNV) because many are susceptible to WNV disease, they are easily sighted because of their large size, and they often occupy territories near human settlements. Sick and dead raptors accumulate at raptor and wildlife rehabilitation clinics. However, investigations into species selection and specimen type for efficient detection of WNV are lacking. Accordingly, we evaluated dead raptors from north-central Colorado, US and southeast Wyoming, US over a 4-yr period. Nonvascular mature feathers ("quill"), vascular immature feathers ("pulp"), oropharyngeal swabs, cloacal swabs, and kidney samples were collected from raptor carcasses at the Rocky Mountain Raptor Program in Colorado from 2013 through 2016. We tested the samples using real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. We found that 11% (53/482) of raptor carcasses tested positive for WNV infection. We consistently detected positive specimens during a 12-wk span between the second week of July and the third week of September across all years of the study. We detected WNV RNA most frequently in vascular feather pulp from Cooper's Hawk ( Accipiter cooperii). North American avian mortality surveillance for WNV using raptors can obviate necropsies by selecting Cooper's Hawk and Red-tailed Hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis) as sentinels and targeting feather pulp as a substrate for viral detection.
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone, LXXXII. Die Umsetzung von 2.2.4‐Trimethyl‐imidazolin‐5‐thion mit Hydrazinhydrat (1972)

Abstract 2.2.4‐Trimethyl‐imidazolin‐5‐thion ( 1 ) reagiert mit 95 proz. Hydrazinhydrat unter Schwefelwasserstoff‐ und Ammoniak‐Entwicklung zu 3.6‐Bis‐[1‐hydrazono‐äthyl]‐1.2‐dihydro‐ s ‐tetrazin ( 2 ). Der Strukturbeweis wird durch Vergleichssynthese aus Brenztraubensäurethionamid ( 3 ) und Hydrazinhydrat sowie durch Folgereaktion von 2 erbracht. – 2 reagiert mit Aldehyden und Ketonen (Molverhältnis 1 : 2) zu den Bis‐azinen 4a – p , mit Phenylisocyanat sowie Phenylsenföl zu den Bis‐semicarbazonen 5, 6 und läßt sich mit Essigsäureanhydrid zu 7 diacetylieren. Durch Umsetzung von 2 mit salpetriger Säure wird 3.6‐Diacetyl‐1.2‐dihydro‐ s ‐tetrazin ( 8 ) erhalten; dagegen wird das Benzaldehyd‐Kondensationsprodukt 4d durch salpetrige Säure zum tiefroten s ‐Tetrazin‐Derivat 9 oxidiert.
Evaluation of tumor hypoxia prior to radiotherapy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer using 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET/CT: a pilot study (2018)

This is the first study regarding hypoxia imaging using FMISO in prostate cancer showing that a small FMISO-positive volume was detected in one third of intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients.