gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Tidal Volume, FRC, and End-inspiratory Volume in the Development of Pulmonary Edema following Mechanical Ventilation (1993)

Mechanical ventilation with high peak inspiratory pressure and large tidal volume (VT) produces permeability pulmonary edema. Whether it is mean or peak inspiratory pressure (i.e., mean or end-inspiratory volume) that is the major determinant of ventilation-induced lung injury is unsettled. Rats were ventilated with increasing tidal volumes starting from different degrees of FRC that were set by increasing end-expiratory pressure during positive-pressure ventilation. Pulmonary edema was assessed by the measurement of extravascular lung water content. The importance of permeability alterations was evaluated by measurement of dry lung weight and determination of albumin distribution space. Pulmonary edema with permeability alterations occurred regardless of the value of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), provided the increase in VT was large enough. Similarly, edema occurred even during normal VT ventilation provided the increase in PEEP was large enough. Furthermore, moderate increases in VT or PEEP that were innocuous when applied alone, produced edema when combined. The effect of PEEP was not the consequence of raised airway pressure but of the increase in FRC since similar observations were made in animals ventilated with negative inspiratory pressure. However, although permeability alterations were similar, edema was less marked in animals ventilated with PEEP than in those ventilated with zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) with the same end-inspiratory pressure. This "beneficial" effect of PEEP was probably the consequence of hemodynamic alterations. Indeed, infusion of dopamine to correct the drop in systemic arterial pressure that occurred during PEEP ventilation resulted in a significant increase in pulmonary edema. In conclusion, rather than VT or FRC value, the end-inspiratory volume is probably the main determinant of ventilation-induced edema. Hemodynamic status plays an important role in modulating the amount of edema during lung overinflation but does not fundamentally modify the characteristics of this edema which is consistently associated with major permeability alterations. These results may be relevant for ventilatory strategies during acute respiratory failure.
Inhibitory effects of sulfobacin B on DNA polymerase and inflammation (2010)

The sulfonolipid, sulfobacin B, is isolated from Chryseobacterium sp. and functions both as a von Willebrand factor receptor antagonist and a DNA polymerase (pol) α inhibitor. Previously, we chemically synthesized sulfobacin B by starting from L-cysteine. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of chemically synthesized sulfobacin B on the activity of pols and other DNA metabolic enzymes. Sulfobacin B selectively inhibited the activity of all animal pol species: Among the pols tested, the inhibitory effect of the compound on pol λ activity was the strongest with IC50 values of 1.6 µM. However, sulfobacin B did not influence the activity of plant or prokaryotic pols, or that of the other DNA metabolic enzymes such as primase of pol α, RNA polymerase, polynucleotide kinase or deoxyribonuclease I. As we previously found a positive relationship between pol λ inhibition and anti-inflammation, we examined whether sulfobacin B could inhibit inflammatory responses. The compound caused a marked reduction in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced acute inflammation in the mouse ear. In a cell culture system using mouse macrophages, sulfobacin B strongly inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the action of nuclear factor-κB induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In an in vivo mouse model of LPS-induced acute inflammation, the intraperitoneal injection of sulfobacin B to mice led to the suppression of serum TNF-α production. These results indicate that sulfobacin B is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for inflammation.
Selective ionization of melamine in powdered milk by using argon direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (2010)

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a compound with the elemental composition C(6)H(6)O(3) that is present in powdered milk. Protonated 5-HMF (calculated m/z 127.0395) has the same nominal m/z as protonated melamine (calculated m/z 127.0732) and can interfere with direct analysis of melamine in powdered milk. Tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry have been previously used to distinguish melamine from 5-HMF. An alternative approach is presented here that uses the direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source operated with argon gas in combination with acetylacetone and pyridine reagent gases to selectively ionize melamine and eliminate the interference from 5-HMF. High-resolution/accurate mass data were used to verify the elimination of the 5-HMF interference and confirm the melamine elemental composition. With further refinement, this technique could lead to a rapid analysis method for screening large numbers of samples.
Study on measurement of water content in human body by impedance method (2010)

In an aged society, the problem of urine incontinence is becoming more serious. Urine incontinence is a considerable factor in lowering the QOL (quality of life) of both elderly people and care workers. It is important to understand the micturition desire of elderly people in advance and to take appropriate care. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is one of the low cost and portable methods of examining the composition of the human body for this purpose. If the volume of urine collected in the bladder is quantitatively appreciable by the measurement of the bioelectrical impedance by simple equipment, it can be useful for the prevention of the urine incontinence in both nursing-care facilities and home care. An equivalent circuit model imitating the cross-section of biological body abdomen of the human body was made. The change in the current pathway before and after the collection of urine in the bladder when the current was simulated in the human body was examined. The validity of the simulation was verified by repeated measurements for the actual human body. From these results, the possibility to detect the change in total body water by the bioelectrical impedance analysis was examined.
An adaptive dissemination mechanism for inter-vehicle communication-based decentralized traffic information systems (2006)

Inter-vehicle communications (IVC) has the potential to play an important role in many future vehicle and traffic applications. Much of this will occur in the automated vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS) arena, and to a lesser extent in the advanced transportation management and information systems (ATMIS) arena. One such ATMIS application where IVC can be used is in decentralized traffic information systems. These systems do not require extensive infrastructure and management centers to collect and disseminate traffic information. Instead, information can be shared among vehicles through periodic broadcast messages. An adaptive dissemination mechanism for this is described in this paper. In the proposed design, each participating vehicle can adapt their transmission interval according to the current traffic speed and also disseminate the traffic information of different segments at different rates according to the distance to its current position. This dissemination scheme ensures the efficient distribution of information within the vehicle network. We have designed, developed, and tested this methodology using a unique traffic simulation environment that has been effectively augmented with wireless communication capability. Both analysis and simulation results show that the bandwidth that the system requires is far below the bandwidth of current 802.11 wireless links and the system can reach the accuracy requirement even at a low penetration rate
Clinical Features of Nevus of Ota in Korean Population (2010)

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features of the nevus of Ota in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the medical records from 94 patients (100 eyes), diagnosed to have a nevus of Ota from September 2005 to February 2010, was performed. Results: The mean age of detection of a nevus of Ota was 8 months, and the mean extent of the nevus was 253 degrees, which covered more than 2 quadrants in most cases. The patients with a faint nevus tended to be younger. Pigmentation did not reach the fornix, but the limbus was mostly pigmented. Combined conjunctival pigmentation was observed in 61.7% of cases. The pigmentation was significantly associated with a greater extent of the nevus. Iris pigmentation was demonstrated in 98.7% of cases. Conclusions: The clinical features of nevi of Ota were diverse regarding the location, extent, and color of the lesion. Conjunctival pigmentation was associated with the extent of the nevus. Iris pigmentation was revealed in almost all cases; therefore, this feature had the diagnostic value for a nevus of Ota. Young patients with a nevus of Ota may mimic osteogenesis imperfecta, which necessitates careful consideration upon differential diagnosis.
Pitch doubling through dual-patterning lithography challenges in integration and litho budgets (2007)

We present results from investigating critical challenges of pitch doubling through Double Patterning to meet manufacturing requirements for 32nm <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> pitch on 1.2NA lithography system. Simulations of lithography alternatives identified manufacturable Dose-Focus latitudes for a dual-line positive process option which led to an experimental setup based on a single hardmask process. Key challenges of the selected process relate to the presence or absence of the hardmask layer during 1<sup>st</sup> or 2<sup>nd</sup> patterning step. This has an effect on wafer topography, process setup, etch bias and wafer litho-to-etch CDU offsets, which will create two final CDU populations. Therefore, there are two metrology challenges, separation between the two CD populations and overlay-at-resolution using CDSEM. They were addressed by designing appropriate CD and overlay targets and by implementing an adequate dense sampling allowing modeling of wafer and field CD distributions. We introduced a new CDU model to calculate double patterning budgets based on defining CD from its edges and pooling CD variance from two adjacent patterns within 2*Pitch distance. For a single line and 1.35NA system, the model predicted 3.1nm variance with mask CDU and etch bias being the major contributors. We achieved an experimental resolution of 32-nm <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> pitch on 1.2NA system, which equals 0.20k1. Experimental results at 32-nm resolution were confirmed in a pre-manufacturing environment on a full lot of 24 wafers, with raw CDU of 6nm (3s). After modeling and correcting for interfield (wafer) and intrafield spatial distributions, CDU was improved to 2.5nm (3s). Best overlay results equaled scanner SMO capability of ~7nm (mean+3s).
ChemInform Abstract: KETOXIME DANGERS (1974)

Abstract Ketoxime, z.B. Methyläthylketoxim (I), lassen sich nur im hochreinen Zustand gefahrlos destillieren.
X-Block: An Efficient LFSR Reseeding-Based Method to Block Unknowns for Temporal Compactors (2008)

This paper presents an efficient method to block unknown values for temporal compactors. The control signals for the blocking logic are generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). Control patterns, which describe values required at the control signals of the blocking logic, are compressed by LFSR reseeding. The size of the control LFSR, which is determined by the number of specified bits in the most specified control pattern, is minimized by propagating only one fault effect for each fault and targeting the faults that are uniquely detected by each test pattern. The linear solver to find seeds of the LFSR intelligently chooses a solution such that the impact on test quality is minimal. Very high compression (over 230X) is achieved for benchmark and industrial circuits by the proposed method. Experimental results show that the sizes of control data for the proposed method are smaller than prior work and the runtime of the proposed method is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of prior work. Hardware overhead is very low.
Imaging and measurement of elasticity and friction using the TRmode (2005)

Torsional and lateral vibrations of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers can be used to measure elastic and frictional properties on a nanoscale. Recently a new dynamic operation mode called Torsional Resonance mode (TRmode) has been introduced. This paper describes the physical base of the TRmode and compares it to related dynamic AFM modes. In the theoretical part the torsional equation of motion of the cantilever beam is analysed. In the experimental part the contrast of images is interpreted based on the equation of motion. The route to quantitative measurements of contact stiffness, elastic moduli and friction is laid out.
Chloroquine in fighting COVID-19: good, bad, or both? (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted worldwide attention due to its speed of progression and elevated mortality rate. Amid the rush to develop treatments, recent hopes have focused on the anti-malarial drug chloroquine or the derivative hydroxychloroquine. Here, we briefly discuss the evidence for the potential use of these drugs with regard to the current pandemic.
Wide Temperature (15°C to 95°C), 80-km SMF Transmission of a 1.55-¿m, 10-Gbit/s InGaAlAs Electroabsorption Modulator Integrated DFB Laser (2007)

Uncooled 10-Gbit/s, 80- km SMF transmission was demonstrated for the first time using a 1.55-μm InGaAlAs EA/DFB laser. A power penalty below 2-dB was achieved over a wide temperature range from 15°C to 95°C.
HFE gene variants, iron, and lipids: a novel connection in Alzheimerâ€™s disease (2014)

Iron accumulation and associated oxidative stress in the brain have been consistently found in several neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple genetic studies have been undertaken to try to identify a cause of neurodegenerative diseases but direct connections have been rare. In the iron field, variants in the HFE gene that give rise to a protein involved in cellular iron regulation, are associated with iron accumulation in multiple organs including the brain. There is also substantial epidemiological, genetic, and molecular evidence of disruption of cholesterol homeostasis in several neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the efforts that have been made to identify factors that can trigger the pathological events associated with neurodegenerative diseases they remain mostly unknown. Because molecular phenotypes such as oxidative stress, synaptic failure, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline, characteristics associated with AD, have been shown to result from disruption of a number of pathways, one can easily argue that the phenotype seen may not arise from a linear sequence of events. Therefore, a multi-targeted approach is needed to understand a complex disorder like AD. This can be achieved only when knowledge about interactions between the different pathways and the potential influence of environmental factors on them becomes available. Toward this end, this review discusses what is known about the roles and interactions of iron and cholesterol in neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the effects of gene variants of HFE (H63D- and C282Y-HFE) on iron and cholesterol metabolism and how they may contribute to understanding the etiology of complex neurodegenerative diseases.
Extended Report on the Obfuscated Integration of Software Protections (2019)

To counter man-at-the-end attacks such as reverse engineering and tampering, software is often protected with techniques that require support modules to be linked into the application. It is well-known, however, that attackers can exploit the modular nature of applications and their protections to speed up the identification and comprehension process of the relevant code, the assets, and the applied protections. To counter that exploitation of modularity at different levels of granularity, the boundaries between the modules in the program need to be obfuscated. We propose to do so by combining three cross-boundary protection techniques that thwart the disassembly process and in particular the reconstruction of functions: code layout randomization, interprocedurally coupled opaque predicates, and code factoring with intraprocedural control flow idioms. By means of an elaborate experimental evaluation and an extensive sensitivity analysis on realistic use cases and state-of-the-art tools, we demonstrate our technique's potency and resilience to advanced attacks. All relevant code is publicly available online.
ON THE ACTION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ON SILICA AND SILICATES. (1886)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTON THE ACTION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ON SILICA AND SILICATES.J. B. MackintoshCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1886, 8, 9, 210–220Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1886Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1886https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02129a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02129a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement-Based Linear Optics (2017)

A major challenge in optical quantum processing is implementing large, stable interferometers. We offer a novel approach: virtual, measurement-based interferometers that are programed on the fly solely by the choice of homodyne measurement angles. The effects of finite squeezing are captured as uniform amplitude damping. We compare our proposal to existing (physical) interferometers and consider its performance for BosonSampling, which could demonstrate postclassical computational power in the near future. We prove its efficiency in time and squeezing (energy) in this setting.
Intracellular pH and Proton-Transport in Barley Root Cells under Salt Stress: in Vivo 31P-NMR Study (1997)

Salt stress-induced changes of intracellular pH and in levels of phosphorous compounds were monitored in intact root tips of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare cv. Akashin-riki) by in vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Vacuolar alkalization was observed after treatment with both 300 and 500 mM NaCl. Much of the observed apparent alkalization of the cytoplasm was eliminated when the effect of Na+ ions on the titration curve was considered. Within 1 h after the initiation of salt stress, levels of glucose-6-phosphate and UDP-glucose decreased markedly, and such decreases might lead directly or indirectly to cell death. Simultaneous measurements of the external and intracellular pH revealed the promotion of external acidification and internal alkalization during salt stress. Possible mechanisms of Na+/H+ antiport at the tonoplast and the role of proton-pump in the plasma membrane are discussed.
A boundary integral equation method for Navier‐Stokes equations—application to flow in annulus of eccentric cylinders (1991)

Abstract A novel Navier‐Stokes solver based on the boundary integral equation method is presented. The solver can be used to obtain flow solutions in arbitrary 2D geometries with modest computational effort. The vorticity transport equation is modelled as a modified Helmholtz equation with the wave number dependent on the flow Reynolds number. The non‐linear inertial terms partly manifest themselves as volume vorticity sources which are computed iteratively by tracking flow trajectories. The integral equation representations of the Helmholtz equation for vorticity and Poisson equation for streamfunction are solved directly for the unknown vorticity boundary conditions. Rapid computation of the flow and vorticity field in the volume at each iteration level is achieved by precomputing the influence coefficient matrices. The pressure field can be extracted from the converged streamfunction and vorticity fields. The solver is validated by considering flow in a converging channel (Hamel flow). The solver is then applied to flow in the annulus of eccentric cylinders. Results are presented for various Reynolds numbers and compared with the literature.
Versioning Extensions to WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) (2002)

This document specifies a set of methods, headers, and resource types that define the WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) versioning extensions to the HTTP/1.1 protocol. WebDAV versioning will minimize the complexity of clients that are capable of interoperating with a variety of versioning repository managers, to facilitate widespread deployment of applications capable of utilizing the WebDAV Versioning services. WebDAV versioning includes automatic versioning for versioning-unaware clients, version history management, workspace management, baseline management, activity management, and URL namespace versioning.