gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant modulation of immune responses to tuberculosis subunit vaccines (1997)

Mice were immunized with experimental subunit vaccines based on secreted antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a series of adjuvants, comprising incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), dimethyl dioctadecyl ammoniumbromide (DDA), RIBI adjuvant, Quil-A saponin, and aluminum hydroxide. Immune responses induced by these vaccines were characterized by in vitro culture of primed cells, PCR analysis for cytokine mRNA, detection of specific immunoglobulin G isotypes induced, and monitoring of protective immunity to tuberculosis (TB). The study demonstrated marked differences in the immune responses induced by the different adjuvants and identified both IFA and DDA as efficient adjuvants for a TB subunit vaccine. Aluminum hydroxide, on the other hand, induced a Th2 response which increased the susceptibility of the animals to a subsequent TB challenge. DDA was further coadjuvanted with either the Th1-stimulating polymer poly(I-C) or the cytokines gamma interferon, interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-12. The addition of IL-12 was found to amplify a Th1 response in a dose-dependent manner and promoted a protective immune response against a virulent challenge. However, if the initial priming in the presence of IL-12 was followed by two booster injections of vaccine without IL-12, no improvement in long-term efficacy was found. This demonstrates the efficacy of DDA to promote an efficient immune response and suggests that IL-12 may accelerate this development, but not change the final outcome of a full vaccination regime.
A Comparison of Redundant Inverter Topologies to Improve Voltage Source Inverter Reliability (2007)

For applications sensitive to reliability, typical voltage-source inverters (VSIs) cannot always meet the reliability requirements. In these cases, some method of redundancy is used to improve system reliability. This paper compares the reliability of two redundant VSI circuit topologies to a typical VSI circuit. The redundant circuits function normally after the failure (open or short) of any single component, including the controller, current and voltage sensors, capacitors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, and power diodes. The parts count method of reliability comparison that is described in MIL-HDBK-217F is used to compare the reliability functions for the three circuit topologies.
Synthesis of solid epoxy resins base on BPC II and bisphenol A using conventional heating equipment and microwave (2006)

Abstract New solid state epoxy resins based on diglycidyl ether of 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2 bis (4‐hydroxyphenyl), ethylene (BPC) and BPA epoxy resins in the reaction with BPC and BPA were developed. Solid epoxy resins were synthesised by the use of two different heating methods: conventional and microwave reactor. The use of microwave radiation as novel heating medium as an alternative to the conventional methods, which provide a quicker and more effective synthesis. The solid epoxies have high melting points higher than 100°C and the polycondensation degree remains between n = 4–12. Epoxy value stays low and occurs around 0,02–0,1. BPA epoxy resins and diglycidylether of BPC II were compared in terms of reaction speed. It can be seen that the reaction of BPC diglycidylether occurs approximately 20% quicker given the same reaction conditions of temperature, and balance of catalyst. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3850–3854, 2006
Non-Blind Structure-Preserving Substitution Watermarking of H.264/CAVLC Inter-Frames (2014)

In this work we propose a novel non-blind H.264/CAVLC structure-preserving substitution watermarking algorithm. The proposed watermarking algorithm enables extremely efficient watermark embedding by simple bit substitutions (substitution watermarking). The bit-substitutions change the motion vector differences of non-reference frames. Furthermore our watermarking algorithm can be applied in applications scenarios which require that watermarking preserves the length of the bitstream units (structure-preserving watermarking). The watermark detection works in the image domain and thus is robust to video format changes. The quality and robustness of the approach are in depth evaluated and analyzed, the quality evaluation is backed up by subjective evaluations. Comparison to the state-of-the-art indicates a superior performance of our watermarking algorithm.
Overview of the TAC-BIO sensor (2005)

In light of the current state of detection technologies designed to meet the current threat from biological agents, the need for a low-cost and lightweight sensor is clear. Such a sensor based on optical detection, with real time responses and no consumables, is possible. Devices arising from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Semiconductor UV Optical Sources (SUVOS) are the enabling technology. These sources are capable of emitting UV wavelengths known to excite fluorescence from biological agent particles while costing a few dollars apiece and consuming low power. These devices are exploited in the TAC-Bio Sensor. A unique optical design is used to collect the usable portion of the LED emission and focus it into the probing region of the sensor. To compensate for the low UV power density relative to UV lasers, the TAC-Bio utilizes a unique opposed flow configuration to increase the interaction between particles and the UV beam. The current TAC-Bio sensor testbed is capable of detecting fluorescence Bacillus globigii (BG, an anthrax simulant) spore agglomerates down to 5 microns in diameter. Ongoing work is focusing on increasing signal to noise so that smaller particles, possibly single spores, can be detected, as well as on including additional data channels, such as light scattering, to increase selectivity of the sensor.
Glutamine‐Mediated Attenuation of Cellular Metabolic Dysfunction and Cell Death After Injury Is Dependent on Heat Shock Factor‐1 Expression (2006)

GLN treatment attenuated cellular metabolic dysfunction and improved cell membrane recovery only in HSF-1+/+ cells. Cellular injury, as measured by lactate release and cell survival assay, was improved by GLN treatment in HSF-1+/+ cells alone. Thus, GLN's beneficial effect on cellular metabolic dysfunction and cell survival appears to be dependent on HSF-1 expression.
<title>Three-Dimensional Reconstruction From Serial Sections For Medical Applications</title> (1981)

Three-dimensional display algorithms using computer graphics are evaluated for potential clinical utilization. The authors are utilizing triangular tiles for organ surface reconstruction based on contour information generated from computed tomography (CT), ultrasound examinations, and nuclear medicine examinations. Comparisons have been established among several triangular tiling algorithms which include the number of points required to adequately specify the contours, computer execution time, and the errors in reconstruction. The triangular tiling algorithm provides a means for accurately estimating the volume and surface area of the desired anatomic sites. Examples of studies include brain lesions, computed tomography radiation treatment plans, spleen, and nuclear medicine slant hole camera studies.
Localized Heating Near a Rigid Spherical Inclusion in a Viscoelastic Binder Material Under Compressional Plane Wave Excitation (2016)

High-frequency mechanical excitation has been shown to generate heat within composite energetic materials and even induce reactions in single energetic crystals embedded within an elastic binder. To further the understanding of how wave scattering effects attributable to the presence of an energetic crystal can result in concentrated heating near the inclusion, an analytical model is developed. The stress and displacement solutions associated with the scattering of compressional plane waves by a spherical obstacle (Pao and Mow, 1963, “Scattering of Plane Compressional Waves by a Spherical Obstacle,” J. Appl. Phys., 34(3), pp. 493–499) are modified to account for the viscoelastic effects of the lossy media surrounding the inclusion (Gaunaurd and Uberall, 1978, “Theory of Resonant Scattering From Spherical Cavities in Elastic and Viscoelastic Media,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 63(6), pp. 1699–1712). The results from this solution are then utilized to estimate the spatial heat generation due to the harmonic straining of the material, and the temperature field of the system is predicted for a given duration of time. It is shown that for certain excitation and sample configurations, the elicited thermal response near the inclusion may approach, or even exceed, the decomposition temperatures of various energetic materials. Although this prediction indicates that viscoelastic heating of the binder may initiate decomposition of the crystal even in the absence of defects such as initial voids or debonding between the crystal and binder, the thermal response resulting from this bulk heating phenomenon may be a precursor to dynamic events associated with such crystal-scale effects.
Nociceptin (1–7) antagonizes nociceptin‐induced hyperalgesia in mice (1999)

Nociceptin and its N-terminal fragment, nociceptin (1 7), were administered intrathecally (i.t.) into conscious mice. Nociceptin (3.0 fmol) produced a significant reduction in the nociceptive thermal threshold (hyperalgesia) measured as the tail-flick and paw-withdrawal responses. Nociceptin (1-7), injected i.t., at 150-1200 fmol had no significant effect. However, when nociceptin (1-7) (150 1200 fmol) was injected simultaneously with nociceptin (3.0 fmol), nociceptin-induced hyperalgesia was significantly reduced. Analgesia induced by a high dose (1200 pmol) of nociceptin was not antagonized by co-administration of nociceptin (1-7) (1200 fmol). These results suggest that N-terminal fragments of nociceptin formed endogenously could modulate the hyperalgesic action of nociceptin in the spinal cord.
IL‐5 Responsive Subsets among Normal and Lymphomatous Murine B Cellsa (1992)

Two normal murine B-cell subpopulations, germinal center and coelomic B cells, and at least some of the lymphomas derived from them, respond to IL-5. In the case of normal B cells, a comitogen (DxS) is required. IFN-gamma is strongly inhibitory to proliferation of the coelomic B-cell subset but not for germinal center cells or the SJL lymphomas derived from them.
The synthesis and application of novel benzodithiophene based reactive mesogens with negative wavelength dispersion birefringence (2021)

The factors influencing negative wavelength dispersion are investigated for a series of benzodithiophene based photopolymerisable liquid crystals.
Intent-based System Design with Efficient Search Using Partial-Order Reduction (2022)

Intent-based design (IBD) methods are used for automatically designing system configurations from service requirements. IBD methods based on graph rewriting can receive flexible requirement definitions as input, which are not confined to a specific format, and flexibly respond to the environment and user demands.However, current graph-rewriting-based methods require a large amount of time to discover a concrete system configuration. Therefore, we propose a graph-rewriting-based IBD method that can discover system configurations more efficiently while maintaining the advantages of current graph-rewriting-based methods by introducing a pruning method that focuses on a single unit in the requirements to be resolved.This paper includes a description of a specific procedure of the proposed method, proof that pruning does not reduce the number of variations of generated system configurations, and experimental results of comparing the proposed method with a graph-rewriting-based method without pruning. The results indicate that the proposed method can reduce computation time by 4-10 times compared with the method without pruning.
AN APPROACH TO CHECKING BEHAVIORAL COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN WEB SERVICES (2008)

This paper proposes an approach to checking behavioral compatibility between Web services. If Web service B can be used in replacement of Web service A in such a way that the replacement is transparent to clients, Web service B is compatible to Web service A. We use state machines with guarded transitions to specify behaviors of Web services. To check compatibility between two Web services, we propose an extended version of the conventional methods rule, which has been used in object-oriented paradigm. To support our approach, we have implemented a tool. First, the tool constructs a state machine for a Web service whose behavior is expressed in WSDL and WSCI. Then, the tool can verify compatibility between Web services by using the extended methods rule.
Tissue-Spanning Redox Gradient-Dependent Assembly of Native Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Virions (2009)

Papillomavirus capsids are composed of 72 pentamers reinforced through inter- and intrapentameric disulfide bonds. Recent research suggests that virus-like particles and pseudovirions (PsV) can undergo a redox-dependent conformational change involving disulfide interactions. We present here evidence that native virions exploit a tissue-spanning redox gradient that facilitates assembly events in the context of the complete papillomavirus life cycle. DNA encapsidation and infectivity titers are redox dependent in that they can be temporally modulated via treatment of organotypic cultures with oxidized glutathione. These data provide evidence that papillomavirus assembly and maturation is redox-dependent, utilizing multiple steps within both suprabasal and cornified layers.
Clinical Trial of the Intratumoral Administration of Labeled DC Combined With Systemic Chemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer (2012)

Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive disease, and improved modalities for its treatment are needed. We performed chemoimmunotherapy involving the intratumoral administration of 111In-labeled dendritic cells (DC) in combination with preoperative chemotherapy in 5 esophageal cancer patients. Mature DC were generated and traced by scintigraphy after their administration. No adverse events that were directly related to the intratumoral DC administration were observed. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests against keyhole limpet hemocyanin, which was added to the culture medium, detected a positive response in 3 patients, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin antibody production was observed in 4 patients, suggesting that intratumorally administered DC migrate to the lymph nodes, where they function as antigen-presenting cells. However, scintigraphic images obtained after the DC administration demonstrated that the DC remained at the esophageal tumor injection sites in all cases, and no DC accumulation was observed elsewhere. The accumulation of CD83+ cells in the primary tumor was also observed in 2 out of 4 patients in an immunohistochemical analysis using surgically resected specimens. Although the induction of tumor-specific immune responses during chemoimmunotherapy was also analyzed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against 28 tumor antigens, none of the antibodies against the antigens displayed enhanced titers. No changes of NY-ESO-1-specific cellular immune response was observed in a patient who displayed NY-ESO-1 antibody production before the DC administration. These results suggest that the intratumoral administration of 111In-labeled mature DC during chemotherapy does not lead to detectable DC migration from the primary tumor to the draining lymph nodes, and therefore, might not achieve an optimal clinical response.
Investigation of Strut Crack Formation in Open Cell Alumina Ceramics (1994)

An investigation was made into the source of strut cracking during the fabrication process of open cell ceramics that are produced by coating a polymeric foam. Several sources for the stress that produces these cracks were considered, viz., differential drying, thermal expansion mismatch between the polymer and the green ceramic coating, and the gas pressure produced by pyrolysis of the organic skeleton. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymeric foam was used to estimate the gas evolution rate associated with the pyrolysis process, but this was found to be very low compared to the pressures required to cause strut damage. SEM observations on samples taken by interrupting the fabrication procedure showed the cracks were not produced during drying but rather at a temperature near the melting/decomposition point of the polymer and prior to pyrolysis. It was then deduced that the differential thermal expansion between the polymer and the ceramic coating was the source of the stress. The strut cracking is observed to occur primarily in the region of the highly curved strut edges of the polymer foam, at which the ceramic coating is often rather thin. Techniques to change the processing procedure to overcome the strut cracking are discussed.
Lasers for Satellite Uplinks and Downlinks (2021)

The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, and even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in the support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics has shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform the U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers, rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carriers, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, and large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploit (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.
Ultrasonic study of some synthesized pyrazolines at different concentration in 70% of 1, 4-dioxane-water mixture (2016)

The ultrasonic velocity study of the heterocyclic compounds i.e. ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, apparent molal volume, apparent molal compressibility have been determined for the synthesized pyrazolines at different concentrations in the dioxane-water mixture by using ultrasonic interferometer at 1 MHz frequency. The variations in acoustical properties with increasing in concentration of the heterocyclic compounds have been used to understand the changes in molecular interactions between solute and solvent to know the structure making and breaking property of solute molecules with increase in concentration of pyrazolines
Lipid droplets and ferritin heavy chain: a devilish liaison in human cancer cell radioresistance (2021)

Although much progress has been made in cancer treatment, the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance (RR) as well as the biological signatures of radioresistant cancer cells still need to be clarified. In this regard, we discovered that breast, bladder, lung, neuroglioma, and prostate 6 Gy X-ray resistant cancer cells were characterized by an increase of lipid droplet (LD) number and that the cells containing highest LDs showed the highest clonogenic potential after irradiation. Moreover, we observed that LD content was tightly connected with the iron metabolism and in particular with the presence of the ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). In fact, breast and lung cancer cells silenced for the FTH1 gene showed a reduction in the LD numbers and, by consequence, became radiosensitive. FTH1 overexpression as well as iron-chelating treatment by Deferoxamine were able to restore the LD amount and RR. Overall, these results provide evidence of a novel mechanism behind RR in which LDs and FTH1 are tightly connected to each other, a synergistic effect that might be worth deeply investigating in order to make cancer cells more radiosensitive and improve the efficacy of radiation treatments.
Defining Optimum Reaction Conditions for Hammerhead Ribozymes (2003)

Hammerhead ribozymes, in their trans-cleaving form catalyze the cleavage of complementary RNA strands, which contain the UX sequence (where X is A, U, or C) Immediately 5′ to the site of cleavage, although not all such sequences are cleaved with the same efficiency (,). The reactivity of the hammerhead ribozyme is assumed to follow the model outlined in Scheme 1, i.e., ribozyme and substrate anneal, cleavage takes place, and then dissociation of the two products occurs independently. The in vitro study of hammerhead activity allows manipulation of the reaction conditions in order to gain insight into the detail of the cleavage reaction.
Chromatin structure of the HLA-DR alpha gene in different functional states of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression. (1987)

We utilized DNase I hypersensitivity mapping to study chromatin structure within the HLA-DR alpha gene. We found a single DNase I-hypersensitive site coinciding with the HLA-DR alpha gene promoter in all cells studied. Moreover, in cells that constitutively express HLA-DR, two additional DNase I-hypersensitive sites were observed. These lie within the first intron of the HLA-DR alpha gene and encompass DNA sequences that share homologies with regulatory loci of the immunoglobulin and immune response genes, as well as with core enhancer consensus sequences.
United Kingdom: BBC breaches Ofcom’s Code about reducing the risk to viewers susceptible to photosensitive epilepsy from flashing lights (2015)

The BBC programme The Voice UK: the Live Final (a singing talent competition) breached Ofcom’s Rule 2.12 of its Code of Conduct for failing to take sufficient measures to avoid flashing lights during one performance, and as a consequence the broadcaster did not comply with Ofcom’s technical guidance to avoid photosensitive epilepsy (PSE). Such flashing lights can trigger seizures in persons susceptible to PSE
C10 Thermal efficiency of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine using tapered tube (2014)

According to Ceperley's calculation, higher efficiency is possible with higher impedance, e.g., if z = 10ρm^c, η_2 reaches 79%. In order to achieve z = 10ρm^c, he explained the cross-sectional area of the enlarged tube would have to be 10 times larger than that of the input tube. On the other hand, losses caused by sudden expansions in regenerator was found. It can be reduced somewhat by installing a tapered tube between the two sections of straight tube. In this report, we changed the cross sectional area of the regenerator using tapered tube so it is larger than input tube, and measured its thermal efficiency and acoustic power gain at regenerator positions of a traveling wave heat engine.