gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drosophila Tet Is Required for Maintaining Glial Homeostasis in Developing and Adult Fly Brains (2022)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are crucial epigenetic regulators highly conserved in multicellular organisms. TETs’ enzymatic function in demethylating 5-methyl cytosine in DNA is required for proper development and TETs are frequently mutated in cancer. Recently, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Tet (dTet) was shown to be highly expressed in developing fly brains and discovered to play an important role in brain and muscle development as well as fly behavior. Furthermore, dTet was shown to have different substrate specificity compared with mammals. However, the exact role dTet plays in glial cells and how ectopic TET expression in glial cells contributes to tumorigenesis and glioma is still not clear. Here, we report a novel role for dTet specifically in glial cell organization and number. We show that loss of dTet affects the organization of a specific glia population in the optic lobe, the “optic chiasm” glia. Additionally, we find irregularities in axon patterns in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) both, in the midline and longitudinal axons. These morphologic glia and axonal defects were accompanied by locomotor defects in developing larvae escalating to immobility in adult flies. Furthermore, glia homeostasis was disturbed in dTet-deficient brains manifesting in gain of glial cell numbers and increased proliferation. Finally, we establish a <i>Drosophila</i> model to understand the impact of human TET3 in glia and find that ectopic expression of hTET3 in dTet-expressing cells causes glia expansion in larval brains and affects sleep/rest behavior and the circadian clock in adult flies.
Preliminary investigation of propane spray structure in an optically accessible direct-injection, spark-ignition engine (2016)

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has attained a significant position in various markets throughout the world, as it has numerous benefits as an automotive fuel in spark-ignition (SI) engines. Fuelling a direct injection (DI) engine with LPG, rather than conventional, liquid fuels, has the potential to improve fuel efficiency and emissions output. However, there is little information pertaining to the operation of LPG in such vehicles. Therefore, this study aims to begin to characterise DI propane sprays, acting as a surrogate for LPG, in a DISI engine at injection timings corresponding to both an early, homogeneous strategy and a late, stratified strategy. Fuel spray structures are imaged using a production DISI engine modified to have optical access through a fused silica cylinder liner. Using Mie-scattering to resolve the liquid phase injection, propane sprays are observed to be heavily flash-boiling at both injection conditions. This is in contrast to heavier, liquid fuels where flash-boiling generally occurs only for chamber conditions well below atmospheric pressure.
Locally recurrent rectal cancer: oncological outcomes with different treatment strategies in two tertiary referral units (2022)

In radiotherapy-naive patients, neoadjuvant full-course chemoradiation confers the best oncological outcome. However, neoadjuvant therapy does not diminish the need for extended radical surgery to increase R0 resection rates.
A50 MICROBIOTA-MAST CELL INTERACTIONS IN A HUMANIZED MOUSE MODEL OF IBS (2019)

Accumulating evidence suggests that mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Colonic mast cells are increased in patients with IBS, and their products, including histamine and tryptase are putative mediators of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS. To investigate the effect of gut microbiota on mast cells in a humanized mouse model of IBS. Germ-free NIH Swiss mice were colonized with fecal microbiota from two IBS patients (non-constipation) (n=24 mice/patient), and one healthy control (HC) (n=8). Fecal bacteria and their supernatants were collected from each mouse. Intestinal tissues were taken for immunohistochemistry and RNA scope assay. Mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) or peritoneal mast cells (PMC) were obtained from additional mice and co-cultured with 10% bacteria or 10% bacterial supernatant for 4 hours. We studied mast cell degranulation (β-hexosaminidase assay), chemotaxis, adherence, histamine levels (ELISA), and expression of histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H4R) and chemokines (CXCL12) using real time PCR. Tryptase positive mast cells and tryptase positive area were higher in the colon of IBS mice compared to HC mice. RNA scope demonstrated direct interactions between colonic mast cells and bacteria in mice with IBS but not HC microbiota. Microbial supernatant from IBS mice did not alter β-hexosaminidase and histamine release from BMMC. However, microbiota from IBS mice induced BMMC degranulation compared to microbiota from HC mice. Furthermore, bacterial supernatant from IBS mice increased BMMC chemotaxis and adherence. Expression of H2R, H4R and CXCL12 mRNA was higher in PMC stimulated by bacterial supernatant from IBS mice, compared to those from HC mice. Microbiota and microbial products from mice with IBS microbiota induce mast cell degranulation, enhance mast cell chemotaxis and adherence, and increase expression of H2R, H4R and CXCL12. Our results suggest that IBS microbiota and their products may induce mast cell infiltration and activation, likely resulting in gut dysfunction and symptom generation. CIHRNIH
15-PGDH regulates hematopoietic and gastrointestinal fitness during aging (2022)

Emerging evidence implicates the eicosanoid molecule prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in conferring a regenerative phenotype to multiple organ systems following tissue injury. As aging is in part characterized by loss of tissue stem cells' regenerative capacity, we tested the hypothesis that the prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) contributes to the diminished organ fitness of aged mice. Here we demonstrate that genetic loss of 15-PGDH (Hpgd) confers a protective effect on aging of murine hematopoietic and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Aged mice lacking 15-PGDH display increased hematopoietic output as assessed by peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow and splenic stem cell compartments, and accelerated post-transplantation recovery compared to their WT counterparts. Loss of Hpgd expression also resulted in enhanced GI fitness and reduced local inflammation in response to colitis. Together these results suggest that 15-PGDH negatively regulates aged tissue regeneration, and that 15-PGDH inhibition may be a viable therapeutic strategy to ameliorate age-associated loss of organ fitness.
Method for calculating seepage flow to draining ditches in plain area (2007)

The engineering layout,recharge and drainage condition of partial penetrated ditches in plain area are described and the current used methods for calculating the seepage flow to draining ditches for intercepting ground water are comprehensively discussed.A series of formulas based on hydrodynamics for calculating the symmetrical or unsymmetrical seepage of single ditch or double-ditch under the condition of limited aquifer thickness are suggested.The calculation result shows that the double-ditch is more effective than single ditch in intercepting groundwater and lowering water table under condition of the same recharge and discharge.
Resolution of an Ancient Surface Science Anomaly: Work Function Change Induced by N Adsorption onW{100} (2003)

For many decades it has been assumed that an adsorbate centered above a metal surface and with a net negative charge should increase the work function of the surface. However, despite their electronegativity, N adatoms on W[100] cause a significant work function decrease. Here we present a resolution of this anomaly. Using density functional theory, we demonstrate that while the N atom carries a negative charge, of overriding importance is a reduction in the surface overspill electron density into the vacuum, when that charge is engaged in bonding to the adatom. This novel interpretation is fundamentally important in the general understanding of work function changes induced by atomic adsorbates.
FC‐37  Use of recombinant omega interferon therapy in canine atopic dermatitis: a pilot study (2004)

It has been postulated that atopic dogs show a predominant Th2‐type response associated with overexpression of IL‐4 and increased secretion of IgE. In a pilot, open uncontrolled study, 20 dogs with confirmed atopic dermatitis were given Virbagen Omega ® , a feline recombinant omega interferon (rfeIFN‐ω), to ascertain whether this type‐1 cytokine could modulate the Th2‐dominated cytokine response. Dogs received rfeIFN‐ω as a monotherapy at the dosage of 1 MU/kg subcutaneously, three times per week for 3 weeks. Flea control and the use of nonmedicated shampoo were maintained during the study. Lesional and pruritus indices for canine atopic dermatitis (LICAD and PICAD, respectively) were assessed before, after treatment (day 21) and 3 weeks post‐treatment (day 42) using a scoring system based on the extent and severity of skin lesions (erythema, excoriation and lichenification scored on 12 anatomic areas) and pruritus (scored on six anatomic areas). Two dogs were excluded, one for an erythematous reaction and another for relapsing folliculitis. After rfeIFNω therapy (day 21), both LICAD and PICAD were significantly improved ( P &lt; 0.01). By day 42, mean LICAD and PICAD had decreased by 60 and 51%, respectively, compared to baseline values. Adverse reactions to rfeIFN‐ω were rare and inconsistent. This study suggests that rfeIFN‐ω may be useful in the control of canine atopic dermatitis. However, further work is needed to confirm efficacy and define the optimal dosage through a long‐term randomized controlled trial. Funding: Virbac SA.
Kinematics and Trajectory Planning for Robotic Excavation (1991)

One of the high volume and repetitive construction operations at the construction site is the excavation of soil. Automation of the excavation work requires a robotic system that is able to perform the planned digging work and responsive to interaction forces experienced during excavation. This paper describes the kinematics approach and trajectory planning of an excavator. The kinematics is based on the use of trigonometry instead of homogeneous transformations. For determining the soil resistance, the effect of type of soil on digging is analyzed. The soil resistance determines the scooping depth, and the orientation of the bucket depends on the digging direction.
PROPOSALS FOR MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF ICE SHEETS (1973)

This articles describes authors' experience in measuring fresh water ice thickness, over a period of four years. Various gages described are: meter stick gage, jam depth gage, and electric ice thickness gage.
Promoter Recognition by Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase:  Effects of the UP Element on Open Complex Formation and Promoter Clearance (1998)

Escherichia coli promoters for transcription of ribosomal and tRNAs are greatly activated by an A+T-rich "UP" element upstream of the -35 region. These same promoters have also been found to otherwise deviate in several respects from the consensus promoter sequence. Here we present the results of a kinetic characterization of the interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with UP element-containing promoters which by virtue of consensus or near-consensus sequence features should be among the most optimal that can be encountered by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. We show that for such promoters, (1) the second-order rate constant describing formation of the initial (closed) complex is close to that expected for a diffusion-limited process, (2) the extent of activation by the UP element is temperature-sensitive, (3) the UP element accelerates a process after DNA binding by RNA polymerase, and (4) the presence of the UP element delays promoter clearance upon addition of nucleoside triphosphates to preformed RNA polymerase-promoter complexes. Finally, we provide evidence in support of models which describe the DNA melting process accompanying open complex formation as initiating in the -10 promoter region and progressing in the downstream direction.
Computational Modeling Predicts the Stability of Both Pd+ and Pd2+ Ion-Exchanged into H-CHA (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Passive NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; adsorbers (PNA) using Pd/zeolites have emerged as a promising solution for the reduction of cold-start emissions from vehicle exhaust. However, the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms underlying NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; adsorption in Pd/zeolites remain a subject of ongoing investigation. In this study, we employ quantum chemical simulations to investigate the structure of Pd species in cation-exchange sites at isolated Al and Al pairs in the 6-ring and 8-ring of the CHA framework, before the introduction of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;. Our calculations show that the speciation of Pd in these exchange sites strongly depends on the precise Al arrangement within the framework, as well as the operating conditions. Ionically dispersed Pd is found to be the most favorable species over a wide range of oxidizing and reducing conditions. Small oligomers of PdO and metallic Pd do not appear to be competitive at either isolated Al or Al pairs. Notably, our calculations show that ion exchange sites other than next-next-nearest neighbor Al pairs in the 6-ring will be preferentially occupied by Pd&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; instead of Pd&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;. The stability of Pd&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; in the zeolite environment is an interesting contrast with its rareness in molecular Pd compounds. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the electronic structure shows that predicted Pd oxidation states are consistent with chemical intuition for all complexes investigated in this study. We also discuss the potential ambiguity in Pd characterization provided by typical experimental techniques such as XANES, EXAFS and UV-VIS, and highlight the need for additional EPR spectroscopy studies to further elucidate the initial Pd speciation in zeolites for PNA applications. &lt;/p&gt;
Real-Time Wildfire Monitoring and Alert System Using GSM Technology (2016)

Environmental related issues and parameters are of utmost importance to man, and is essential to his existence and influence and thus he alwaysseeks for an improved system that would be able to capture and monitor the changes in environmental parameters irrespective of time and location so as to provide for measures that will forestall abnormalities and cater for emergencies.This paper presents research work on a system that is capable of providing real time remote wildfire monitoring and SMS alert. Thework aimed at the design and implementation of a low cost but efficient and flexible wildfire monitoring and alert system using GSM technology. It was designed in such a way that the Monitoring of wildfire would be achieved with the use of temperature and smoke sensorscoupled with a control unit and transmitter module all of which are battery powered. Fire and smoke are sensed and measured by the sensors which send the signals to the control unit for proper processing and determination of the smoke rate.This is displayed on an LCD screen, then an alert is sent to the mobile phone of the environmental personnel via SMS while simultaneously triggering an alarm in control room. Thus this system presents a continuous, real time, remote, safe and accurate monitoring of wildfires and smoke rate hence ensuring the conservation and preservation of wildlife, natural habitats and the ecosystem, and at the same time, helping tocurb high impact human, industrial and environmental damage
Interactions of 3T3 fibroblasts and endothelial cells with defined pore features (2002)

The colonization of biodegradable polymer scaffolds with cell populations has been established as the foundation for the engineering of a number of tissues, including cartilage, liver, and bone. Within these scaffolds, the cells encounter a porous environment in which they must migrate across the convoluted polymer surface to generate a homogenous cell distribution. Predicting the interactions between cells and pores is important if scaffold characteristics are to be optimized. Therefore, we investigated the behavior of two model cell types over a range of defined pore features. These pore features range from 5 to 90 microm in diameter and have been fabricated by photolithographic techniques. Quantitatively, the behavior of the cells is dependent on three factors: 1) percentage cell coverage of the surface; 2) pore size; and 3) cell type. Fibroblast cells displayed a co-operative pattern of cell spreading in which pores with diameters greater than the cell dimensions were bridged by groups of cells using their neighbors as supports. Endothelial cells were unable to use neighbors as support structures and failed to bridge pores greater than the cell diameter.
Switchable 3D networks by light controlled π-stacking of azobenzene macrocycles (2012)

Azobenzene macrocycles were designed for switchable π-stacking interaction. After efficient preparation and characterization of azobenzene macrocycles containing electron rich as well as electron poor elements a dimeric analogue was synthesized, which formed reversibly 3D-networks. Gel formation was observed with aromatic solvents representing the first example of this type based on switchable azobenzene macrocycles.
Grafting of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Assembly of Multilayer Films (2004)

Poly(4-vinylpyridine) grafts to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) during in situ free radical polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine. After removal of catalyst particles and unattached polymer by centrifugation and ultrafiltration, the SWNT−PVP contains about 63 wt % SWNT by TGA. SWNT−PVP solutions in DMF, methanol, and 2-propanol are stable for at least 8 months. Atomic force microscopy images show individual tubes. Raman spectra are consistent with debundled SWNT having PVP covalently attached. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra show band gap electronic transitions of SWNT. Layer by layer deposition of alternating thin films of SWNT−PVP and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) adds a constant amount of SWNT−PVP in each bilayer. FTIR spectra of the films show hydrogen bonding between the PVP and the PAA.
Design of a Compact GaN Power Amplifier With High Efficiency and Beyond Decade Bandwidth (2022)

This letter presents a power amplifier (PA) design and network synthesis approach to achieve wideband and efficient performance with a very compact circuit size. A design method is presented in detail to convert a canonical filter-based high-order matching network to the proposed matching configuration with transistor parasitic and packaged elements absorption, and a compact passive network footprint. As a proof of concept, a prototype GaN HEMT PA is implemented. Starting from a fourth-order output network filter, the inductances and capacitance of the filter elements are re-organized to model, and thus absorb the output parasitics of the transistor, leading to a compact footprint with only four transmission lines. The measured results show that the prototype PA achieves an output power of 41.9–44.3 dBm and a 55%–74% drain efficiency, over a record-high decade bandwidth (0.35–3.55 GHz).
Boundary-layer predictions for small low-speed contractions (1989)

The present scheme for the prediction of boundary-layer development in small, low-speed wind tunnel contraction sections proceeds by calculating the wall pressure distributions, and hence the wall velocity distributions, by means of a three-dimensional potential-flow method. For the family of contractions presently treated, the assumption of a laminar boundary layer appears to be justified; the measured boundary layer momentum thicknesses at the exit of the four contractions were found to lie within 10 percent of predicted values.
Applications of cumulants to array processing .I. Aperture extension and array calibration (1995)

An interpretation for the use of cumulants in narrowband array processing problems is proposed. It is shown how fourth-order cumulants of multichannel observations increase the directional information compared with second-order statistics. Based on the interpretation, it is shown how cumulants can be used to increase the effective aperture of an arbitrary antenna array. The amount of partial information necessary to jointly calibrate an arbitrary array and estimate the directions of far-field sources is also investigated. It is proven that the presence of a doublet and use of fourth-order cumulants is sufficient to accomplish this task. The proposed approach is computationally efficient and more general than covariance-based algorithms that have addressed the calibration problem under constraints. A class of beamforming techniques is proposed to recover the source waveforms. Proposed estimation procedures are based on cumulants, which bring insensitivity to the spatial correlation structure of additive Gaussian measurement noise. Simulations are provided to illustrate the use of the proposed algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rotordynamic Performance of Flexure Pivot Hydrostatic Gas Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery (2004)

Micro-turbomachinery demands gas bearings to ensure compactness, lightweight and extreme temperature operation. Gas bearings with large stiffness and damping, and preferably of low cost, will enable successful commercial applications. Presently, tests conducted on a small rotor supported on flexure pivot–hydrostatic pad gas bearings (FPTPBs) demonstrate stable rotordynamic responses up to 100,000 rpm (limit of the drive motor). Test rotor responses show the feed pressure raises the system critical speed (increase in bearing direct stiffness) while the viscous damping ratio decreases. Predictions correlate favorably with experimentally identified (synchronous) direct stiffness bearing force coefficients. Identified experimental gas bearing synchronous damping coefficients are 50% or less of the predicted magnitudes, though remaining relatively constant as the rotor speed increases. Tests without feed pressure show the rotor becomes unstable at ∼ 81 krpm with a whirl frequency ratio of 20%. FPTPBs are mechanically complex and more expensive than cylindrical plain bearings. However, their enhanced stability characteristics and predictable rotordynamic performance makes them desirable for the envisioned oil-free applications in high speed micro turbomachinery.
Large-format high-spatial resolution cross-strip readout MCP detectors for UV astronomy (2010)

We have implemented cross strip readout microchannel plate detectors in a 40mm diameter active area format, open face (UV/particle) configuration. These have been tested with a field programmable gate array based parallel channel electronics for event encoding which can process high input event rates (&gt; 5 MHz) with high spatial resolution. Using small pore MCPs (6&mu;m) operated in a pair, we achieved spatial resolution of &lt; 20&mu;m FHWM at MCP gain of 1x10<sup>6</sup> e<sup>-</sup> per event. Future large aperture UV missions require detectors to have large formats (&gt; 100 mm) with high event rate throughput (&#126; MHz) while retaining high spatial resolution. We will discuss our plans to scale our 47 mm square anodes to 100 mm and our ideas for the next front end ASIC that combines a state-of-the-art, fast charge sensitive amplifier with fast sampling analog storage and built in ADCs.