gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuron-enriched RNA-binding Proteins Regulate Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Survival (2017)

Pancreatic beta cell failure is the central event leading to diabetes. Beta cells share many phenotypic traits with neurons, and proper beta cell function relies on the activation of several neuron-like transcription programs. Regulation of gene expression by alternative splicing plays a pivotal role in brain, where it affects neuronal development, function, and disease. The role of alternative splicing in beta cells remains unclear, but recent data indicate that splicing alterations modulated by both inflammation and susceptibility genes for diabetes contribute to beta cell dysfunction and death. Here we used RNA sequencing to compare the expression of splicing-regulatory RNA-binding proteins in human islets, brain, and other human tissues, and we identified a cluster of splicing regulators that are expressed in both beta cells and brain. Four of them, namely Elavl4, Nova2, Rbox1, and Rbfox2, were selected for subsequent functional studies in insulin-producing rat INS-1E, human EndoC-βH1 cells, and in primary rat beta cells. Silencing of Elavl4 and Nova2 increased beta cell apoptosis, whereas silencing of Rbfox1 and Rbfox2 increased insulin content and secretion. Interestingly, Rbfox1 silencing modulates the splicing of the actin-remodeling protein gelsolin, increasing gelsolin expression and leading to faster glucose-induced actin depolymerization and increased insulin release. Taken together, these findings indicate that beta cells share common splicing regulators and programs with neurons. These splicing regulators play key roles in insulin release and beta cell survival, and their dysfunction may contribute to the loss of functional beta cell mass in diabetes.
Conception et comportement dynamiques des structures de génie civil : application aux ouvrages paravalanches (2010)

Optimiser la conception des ouvrages de protection contre les avalanches est une priorit&#233; pour la s&#233;curit&#233; en montagne. Les auteurs nous d&#233;montrent ici comment la discipline du g&#233;nie civil contribue &#224; am&#233;liorer les connaissances sur le comportement des ouvrages rigides de protection face aux diff&#233;rentes pressions exerc&#233;es par les avalanches.
Processing and characterisation of new nanocrystalline Al<SUB align=right>2O<SUB align=right>3 fly ash composites (2008)

In this study, new nanocrystalline Al2O3?fly ash Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) were developed through the powder metallurgy route. It was found that wet milling of the mixture for 18 h improved mixing, decreased the Al2O3 crystallite size to around 10 nm, and reduced the fly ash particle size. For samples sintered at 1350°C for 16 h, the addition of 5 wt% fly ash to alumina increased the micohardness from 525 to 1325 HV while the addition of 10 and 20 wt% decreased it to 508 and 444 HV respectively. Composites containing 5 and 10 wt% fly ash had higher density than Al2O3, while samples containing 20 wt% fly ash had lower density. Increasing the sintering time led to the increase in the density of all the samples sintered at 1350°C.
Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: From Molecular Design to Device Performance (2019)

Recent research efforts on solution-processed semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are presented. Essential properties of organic donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction blends and electrode materials, required for the combination of simultaneous high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance of photovoltaic devices, are presented from the materials science and device engineering points of view. Aspects of optical perception, charge generation-recombination, and extraction processes relevant for semitransparent OSCs are also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the theoretical limits of PCE for fully transparent OSCs, compared to the performance of the best reported semitransparent OSCs, and options for further optimization are discussed.
ECG-based prediction of atrial fibrillation development following coronary artery bypass grafting (2010)

In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, post-operative atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs with a prevalence of up to 40%. The highest incidence is seen between the second and third day after the operation. Following cardiac surgery AF may cause various complications such as hemodynamic instability, heart attack and cerebral or other thromboembolisms. AF increases morbidity, duration and expense of medical treatments. This study aims at identifying patients at high risk of post-operative AF. Early prediction of AF would provide timely prophylactic treatment and would reduce the incidence of arrhythmia. Patients at low risk of post-operative AF could be excluded on the basis of the contraindications of anti-arrhythmic drugs. The study included 50 patients in whom lead II electrocardiograms were continuously recorded for 48 h following CABG. Univariate statistical analysis was used in the search for signal features that could predict AF. The most promising ones identified were P wave duration, RR interval duration and PQ segment level. On the basis of these, a nonlinear multivariate prediction model was made by deploying a classification tree. The prediction accuracy was found to increase over time. At 48 h following CABG, the measured best smoothed sensitivity was 84.8% and the specificity 85.4%. The positive and negative predictive values were 72.7% and 92.8%, respectively, and the overall accuracy was 85.3%. With regard to the prediction accuracy, the risk assessment and prediction of post-operative AF is optimal in the period between 24 and 48 h following CABG.
Sexual maturation in male rhesus monkeys: importance of neonatal testosterone exposure and social rank (1998)

In a 5-year longitudinal study, we examined the effect of disrupting the neonatal activity of the pituitary-testicular axis on the sexual development of male rhesus monkeys. Animals in a social group under natural lighting conditions were treated with a GnRH antagonist (antide), antide and androgen, or both vehicles, from birth until 4 months of age. In antide-treated neonates, serum LH and testosterone were near or below the limits of detection throughout the neonatal period. Antide + androgen-treated neonates had subnormal serum LH, but above normal testosterone concentrations during the treatment period. From 6 to 36 months of age, serum LH and testosterone were near or below the limits of detection. Ten of 12 control animals reached puberty during the breeding season of their 4th year, compared with five of 10 antide- and three of eight antide + androgen-treated animals. Although matriline rank was balanced across treatment groups at birth, a disruption within the social group during year 2 resulted in a marginally lower social ranking of the two treated groups compared with the controls. More high (78%) than low (22%) ranking animals reached puberty during year 4. During the breeding season of that year, serum LH, testosterone and testicular volume were positively correlated with social rank. Thus the lower social rank of treated animals may have contributed to the subnormal numbers of these animals reaching puberty during year 4. However, of those animals achieving puberty during year 4, the pattern of peripubertal changes in serum testosterone and testicular volume differed between control and antide-treated animals. The results appear to suggest that the disruption of normal activity of the neonatal pituitary--testicular axis retarded sexual development, but that social rank is a key regulatory factor in setting the timing of sexual maturation in male rhesus monkeys. The effect of neonatal treatment with antide and low social rank on sexual development could not be reversed by neonatal exposure to greater than normal concentrations of androgen.
Assessing fluctuating asymmetry of white-tailed deer antlers in a three-dimensional context (2010)

Fluctuating asymmetry, random departure from perfect symmetry in bilateral traits, has been proposed as an indirect indicator of individual quality. Sexually selected traits, such as deer antlers, are hypothesized to demonstrate decreasing level of fluctuating asymmetry with increasing trait size and decreasing level of fluctuating asymmetry with increasing age. These hypotheses have been previously tested for antlers using linear measurements to quantify fluctuating asymmetry. However, antlers are complex, 3-dimensional traits making it difficult to quantify all forms of visual asymmetry using traditional, linear measurements. It is this visual asymmetry that would be assessed by potential mates and rivals. Therefore, we created 3-dimensional computer models of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) antlers to measure visual fluctuating asymmetry. Asymmetry measures of various antler traits were computed using the models by measuring distances from the trait to a vertical and horizontal plane created using coordinate points generated within the model. We found no association between degree of fluctuating asymmetry and trait size, nor was any association found between degree of fluctuating asymmetry and age using either the 3-dimensional measures of asymmetry or traditional, linear measures of asymmetry. Examination of these data suggests that fluctuating asymmetry of white-tailed deer antlers is not a reliable indicator of quality.
A comparative performance evaluation of write barrier implementation (1992)

Generational garbage collectors are able to achieve very small pause times by concentrating on the youngest (most recently allocated) objects when collecting, since objects have been observed to die young in many systems. Generational collectors must keep track of all pointers from older to younger generations, by "monitoring" all stores into the heap. This write barrier has been implemented in a number of ways, varying essentially in the granularity of the information observed and stored. Here we examine a range of write barrier implementations and evaluate their relative performance within a generation scavenging garbage collector for Smalltalk. 'The toolkit might be adapted to support mark-sweep or other approaches to collection, but currently it provides only copying collection. Also, it would not be hard to incorporate suggestions such as hierarchical clustering [16].
Evaluating the Prospects of Ti-Base Lattice Infiltrated with Biodegradable Zn–2%Fe Alloy as a Structural Material for Osseointegrated Implants—In Vitro Study (2021)

The term "osseointegrated implants" mainly relates to structural systems that contain open spaces, which enable osteoblasts and connecting tissue to migrate during natural bone growth. Consequently, the coherency and bonding strength between the implant and natural bone can be significantly increased, for example in operations related to dental and orthopedic applications. The present study aims to evaluate the prospects of a Ti-6Al-4V lattice, produced by selective laser melting (SLM) and infiltrated with biodegradable Zn2%Fe alloy, as an OI-TiZn system implant in in vitro conditions. This combined material structure is designated by this study as an osseointegrated implant (OI-TiZn) system. The microstructure of the tested alloys was examined both optically and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The mechanical properties were assessed in terms of compression strength, as is commonly acceptable in cases of lattice-based structures. The corrosion performance was evaluated by immersion tests and electrochemical analysis in terms of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), all in simulated physiological environments in the form of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of indirect cell viability. The results obtained demonstrate the adequate performance of the OI-TiZn system as a non-cytotoxic structural material that can maintain its mechanical integrity under compression, while presenting acceptable corrosion rate degradation.
Development of Self-Administered Formulation to Improve the Bioavailability of Leuprorelin Acetate (2022)

In recent years, the development of self-injectable formulations has attracted much attention, and the development of formulations to control pharmacokinetics, as well as drug release and migration in the skin, has become an active research area. In the present study, the development of a lipid-based depot formulation containing leuprorelin acetate (LA) as an easily metabolizable drug in the skin was prepared with a novel non-lamellar liquid-crystal-forming lipid of mono-<i>O</i>-(5,9,13-trimethyl-4-tetradecenyl) glycerol ester (MGE). Small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance observations showed that the MGE-containing formulations had a face-centered cubic packed micellar structure. In addition, the bioavailability (<i>BA</i>) of LA after subcutaneous injection was significantly improved with the MGE-containing formulation compared with the administration of LA solution. Notably, higher <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> and faster <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> were obtained with the MGE-containing formulation, and the <i>BA</i> increased with increasing MGE content in the formulation, suggesting that LA migration into the systemic circulation and its stability might be enhanced by MGE. These results may support the development of self-administered formulations of peptide drugs as well as nucleic acids, which are easily metabolized in the skin.
Output feedback sliding mode control for nonminimum phase systems with nonlinear disturbances (2004)

In this paper, robust stabilization for a class of systems with a nonlinear disturbance is considered. The nonlinear disturbance is mismatched with a nonlinear bound and the nominal system is allowed to be nonminimum phase. A dynamical compensator is designed to estimate the system state and a sliding surface, in the augmented space formed by the system output and the estimated state, is proposed. The stability of the corresponding sliding mode is analysed using the equivalent control approach. Based on the estimated state variables and system output, a variable structure control scheme is developed such that the system is driven to the sliding surface and maintained on it thereafter. Finally, a simulation study of a nonminimum phase HIRM aircraft model is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.
Linear distortion correction using a feedforward system (1996)

The application of the feedforward amplifier linearization technique to the removal of both harmonic and intermodulation distortions is well understood and has been discussed in the literature. An additional benefit of the feedforward technique, which has received relatively little attention, is that of so-called linear distortion removal. Linear distortion is a term used to describe the nonideal gain and phase response (e.g., frequency response ripple) present in all practical amplifiers, and it is possible to significantly improve these parameters, in a practical application, using the feedforward technique. This paper discusses the improvements in this area, which may be achieved by utilizing the feedforward technique, demonstrates mathematically how they arise, and presents both simulation and practical results to demonstrate the effect for various types of gain and phase response nonlinearity.
Guglielmi Detachable Coil Embolization of Acute Intracranial Aneurysm (1997)

From December 1990 to July 1995, the investigators participated in a prospective clinical study to evaluate the safety of the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) system for the treatment of aneurysms. This report summarizes the perioperative results from eight initial interventional neuroradiology centers in the United States. The report focuses on 403 patients who presented with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. These patients were treated within 15 days of the primary intracranial hemorrhage and were followed until they were discharged from the hospital or died. Seventy percent of the patients were female and 30% were male. The patients' mean age was 58 years old. Aneurysm size was categorized as small (60.8%), large (34.7%), and giant (4.5%); and neck size was categorized as small (53.6%), wide (36.2%), fusiform (6%), and undetermined (4.2%). Fifty-seven percent of the aneurysms were located in the posterior circulation and 43% in the anterior circulation. Eighty-two patients were classified as Hunt and Hess Grade I (20.3%), 105 Grade II (26.1%), 121 Grade III (30%), 69 Grade IV (17.1%), and 26 Grade V (6.5%). All patients in this study were excluded from surgical treatment either because of anticipated surgical difficulty (69.2%), attempted and failed surgery (12.7%), the patient's poor neurological (12.2%) or medical (4.7%) status, and/or refusal of surgery (1.2%). The GDC embolization was performed within 48 hours of primary hemorrhage in 147 patients (36.5%), within 3 to 6 days in 156 patients (38.7%), 7 to 10 days in 71 patients (17.6%), and 11 to 15 days in 29 patients (7.2%). Complete aneurysm occlusion was observed in 70.8% of small aneurysms with a small neck, 35% of large aneurysms, and 50% of giant aneurysms. A small neck remnant was observed in 21.4% of small aneurysms with a small neck, 57.1% of large aneurysms, and 50% of giant aneurysms. Technical complications included aneurysm perforation (2.7%), unintentional parent artery occlusion (3%), and untoward cerebral embolization (2.48%). There was a 8.9% immediate morbidity rate related to the GDC technique. Seven deaths were related to technical complications (1.74%) and 18 (4.47%) to the severity of the primary hemorrhage. The findings of this study demonstrate the safety of the GDC system for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in anterior and posterior circulations. The authors believe additional randomized studies will further identify the role of this technique in the management of acutely ruptured incranial aneurysms.
Spherical Cancer Models in Tumor Biology (2015)

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have been used in cancer research as an intermediate model between in vitro cancer cell line cultures and in vivo tumor. Spherical cancer models represent major 3D in vitro models that have been described over the past 4 decades. These models have gained popularity in cancer stem cell research using tumorospheres. Thus, it is crucial to define and clarify the different spherical cancer models thus far described. Here, we focus on in vitro multicellular spheres used in cancer research. All these spherelike structures are characterized by their well-rounded shape, the presence of cancer cells, and their capacity to be maintained as free-floating cultures. We propose a rational classification of the four most commonly used spherical cancer models in cancer research based on culture methods for obtaining them and on subsequent differences in sphere biology: the multicellular tumor spheroid model, first described in the early 70s and obtained by culture of cancer cell lines under nonadherent conditions; tumorospheres, a model of cancer stem cell expansion established in a serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors; tissue-derived tumor spheres and organotypic multicellular spheroids, obtained by tumor tissue mechanical dissociation and cutting. In addition, we describe their applications to and interest in cancer research; in particular, we describe their contribution to chemoresistance, radioresistance, tumorigenicity, and invasion and migration studies. Although these models share a common 3D conformation, each displays its own intrinsic properties. Therefore, the most relevant spherical cancer model must be carefully selected, as a function of the study aim and cancer type.
SERUM [IGF-1] RESPONSE TO RESISTANCE TRAINING IS SEX DEPENDENT (1999)

1296 Previously we presented evidence that both 3- and 6-months of 1-set and 3-set resistance training (RT) similarly and significantly increased the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Others have suggested that an acute bout of RT is accompanied by a small increase in serum [IGF-1] only in males, but it is unknown whether chronic RT has a sex dependent effect on serum [IGF-1]. In this study we compared serum [IGF-1] in females and males before and after 3-months RT. Female (n=9) and male (n=13) volunteers (age 39±6 yr) trained 3 d/wk and were randomized to either low volume (1-set per exercise) or high volume (3-sets per exercise) RT using 7 exercises of 8-12 reps to fatigue. Blood was drawn at training wk 0 and 13, and volunteers did not perform RT or other vigorous activity ≥24 h prior to sampling. IGF-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay. Males had significantly (p<0.05) increased serum [IGF-1] at RT wk 13, but females showed only a trend (p<0.08) toward increased serum [IGF-1] (Table). The 1-set compared to 3-set RT volume did not affect (p>0.05) the magnitude of increase in serum [IGF-1], for either sex. The magnitude of change in serum [IGF-1] was more than twice as great in the males compared to females (13% vs 31%, respectively). We conclude that 13 wk RT significantly increases resting, serum [IGF-1] in males, but not in females. This parallels prior observations of a blunted IGF-1 response to acute RT in females.Table
Possible Structural Implications of 20 Mutations in the Protein C Protease Domain (1994)

Analysis of naturally occurring protein mutations yields valuable insights into functionally important sequences. Characterizing mutations responsible for protein C deficiency at the molecular level has been the subject of intensive investigation. In a previous study, a three-dimensional model of the serine protease domain of protein C was used to analyze the set of protease domain mutations previously available. The mutations were largely found to fall into a limited number of categories. A recently updated protein C mutation data base has provided a number of new mutations which have been analyzed for structural predictions.
A low-power half-delay-line fast skew-compensation circuit (2004)

A fast skew-compensation circuit is useful for a chip to safely recover from the halt state because it can quickly compensate the clock skew induced by the on-chip clock driver. A low-power half-delay-line fast skew-compensation circuit (HDSC) is proposed in this work. The HDSC circuit features several new design techniques. The first is a new measure-and-compensate architecture, with which the HDSC circuit gains advantages including an enlarged operation frequency range, more robust operation, more accurate phase alignment, higher scalability for using advanced technologies, and lower power consumption, as compared to the conventional fast skew-compensation circuits. The second is a frequency-independent phase adjuster, with which the delay line can be shortened by half and the maximal power consumption is reduced accordingly if the clock signal has a 50% duty cycle. The third is a fine delay cell, which is used to accompany the half-delay-line, comprising of minimum-sized coarse delay cells, to effectively reduce the static phase error. Extensive circuit simulations are carried out to prove the superiority of the proposed circuit. In addition, an HDSC test chip is implemented for performance verification at high frequencies. The test chip is designed based on a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process, and has a coarse cell delay of 220 ps. It works successfully between 600/spl sim/800 MHz, as designed, with a power consumption of 25/spl sim/36 /spl mu/W/MHz. When measured at 616.9 and 791.6 MHz, the static phase error is 76.8 and 124.5 ps, respectively.