gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled sensing for multihypothesis testing based on Markovian observations (2013)

A new model for controlled sensing for multiphypothesis testing is proposed and studied in both the sequential and fixed sample size settings. This new model, termed a stationary Markov model, exhibits a more complicated memory structure in the controlled observations than the existing stationary memoryless model. In the sequential setting, an asymptotically optimal sequential test using a stationary causal Markov control policy enjoying a strong asymptotic optimality condition is proposed for this new model, and its asymptotic performance is characterized. In the fixed sample size setting, bounds for the optimal error exponent for binary hypothesis testing are derived; it is conjectured that the structure of the asymptotically optimal control for the stationary Markov model will be much more complicated than that for the stationary memoryless model.
Transcriptome Analysis of Acetyl-Homoserine Lactone-Based Quorum Sensing Regulation in Yersinia pestis (2013)

The etiologic agent of bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, senses self-produced, secreted chemical signals in a process named quorum sensing. Though the closely related enteric pathogen Y. pseudotuberculosis uses quorum sensing system to regulate motility, the role of quorum sensing in Y. pestis has been unclear. In this study we performed transcriptional profiling experiments to identify Y. pestis quorum sensing regulated functions. Our analysis revealed that acyl-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing controls the expression of several metabolic functions. Maltose fermentation and the glyoxylate bypass are induced by acyl-homoserine lactone signaling. This effect was observed at 30°C, indicating a potential role for quorum sensing regulation of metabolism at temperatures below the normal mammalian temperature. It is proposed that utilization of alternative carbon sources may enhance growth and/or survival during prolonged periods in natural habitats with limited nutrient sources, contributing to maintenance of plague in nature.
Pathogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2022)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of fundamentally different diseases with different histologic, genomic, and immunologic profiles, which are aggregated under this term because of their lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Massively parallel sequencing and other omics technologies have demonstrated the level of heterogeneity in TNBCs and shed light into the pathogenesis of this therapeutically challenging entity in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the histologic and molecular classifications of TNBC, the genomic alterations these different tumor types harbor, and the potential impact of these alterations on the pathogenesis of these tumors. We also explore the role of the tumor microenvironment in the biology of TNBCs and its potential impact on therapeutic response. Dissecting the biology and understanding the therapeutic dependencies of each TNBC subtype will be essential to delivering on the promise of precision medicine for patients with triple-negative disease.
Preadipocytes in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue display distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (2005)

The stroma-vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue has recently been described to be composed of endothelial cells identified as CD34+/CD31+ cells, infiltrated/resident macrophages defined as CD14+/CD31+ cells, and a new cell population characterized as CD34+/CD31- cells. To elucidate the cell identity of the adipocyte precursor cells, fluorescent activating cell sorter (FACS) analyses were performed on crude SVF cultured under adipogenic conditions, i.e., serum-deprived medium containing insulin, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and supplemented with a PPARgamma agonist for the first 3 days. The progressive accumulation of lipid droplets was associated with a selective enrichment of the CD34+/CD31- cell population whereas control experiments performed in medium supplemented with 10% serum showed an overall downregulation of the three cell markers without adipogenesis. Among the different cell subsets, the CD34+/CD31- subset was the unique cell fraction able to answer to adipogenic culture conditions. Indeed, a time-dependent expression of adipocyte markers as well as acquisition of adipocyte-typical metabolic activities were observed. In parallel, the gene expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes increased. The ability to differentiate into adipocytes was restricted to cells that did not express the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105. Furthermore, the CD34+/CD31- cells did not respond to culture conditions used for hematopoietic colony assays. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that adipocyte progenitor cells, i.e., the preadipocytes, are included in the CD34+/CD31- cell fraction, which displays distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells.
Evaluation of Cationic Assemblies Constructed with Amino Acid Based Lipids for Plasmid DNA Delivery (2008)

We synthesized cationic lipids bearing lysine, histidine, or arginine as a cationic headgroup for use in gene transfer studies. The cationic assemblies formed from lysine- or arginine-type lipids gave unilamellar vesicles (approximately 100 nm diameter), whereas the morphology of the histidine-type lipids was tube-like. The competences of the cationic assemblies were sufficient to form lipoplexes, and the resulting lipoplexes were evaluated in terms of gene expression efficiencies with COS-7 cells. The lysine- or arginine-type lipids exhibited higher gene expression efficiencies than that of Lipofectamine2000, a conventional transgenic reagent, indicating that stable lipoplexes could be prepared between spherical cationic assemblies and plasmid DNA. The gene expression efficiency in relation to the cationic headgroup of the lipids was as follows: lysine > or = arginine > histidine. In addition, gene expression efficiency was enhanced by decreasing the length of the alkyl chain of the hydrophobic moiety. Unlike Lipofectamine2000, no reduction in transfection efficiency in the presence of fetal bovine serum was observed for the lipoplexes formed using synthetic cationic lipids. Moreover, the synthetic cationic lipids revealed remarkably low cytotoxicity compared with Lipofectamine2000. In conclusion, cationic assemblies formed from 1,5-ditetradecyl-N-lysyl-L-glutamate or 1,5-ditetradecyl-N-arginyl-L-glutamate can be used as an effective plasmid DNA delivery system.
Blood product needs and transfusion timelines for the multisite massive Paris 2015 terrorist attack: A retrospective analysis (2020)

Epidemiological study, Therapeutic IV.
The effect of community identity on continuance intention of microblogging (2013)

Given the growing population of microblogging, predicting users’ continuance intention is getting important. This study explores the relationship among system design of microblog, perceived quality of microblog, community identity, and continuance intention. It extends TAM model with information accessibility, community adaptivity, and perceived playfulness, and provides analytical insight into microblog continuance intention with community identity as a mediator. The study collected research data online through a questionnaire collection website. The respondents are the users from microblog websites (e.g., PLURK, Twitter, etc.) in Taiwan. There are 502 valid surveys returned as the data input for structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The results reveal that community identity is the important factor on continuance intention of microblog usage, and microblog system design factors significantly affect the attitudinal perceptions of microbloggers. Moreover, community identity is a significant mediator between users’ perceptions and continuance intention. The findings from this study are helpful to microblog service providers for increasing user’s continuance intention of microblogging and improving the long term relationship with users.
Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveal complementary scavenger and immune features of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver macrophages (2020)

Abstract Background: Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs; liver resident macrophages) form the body´s most effective scavenger cell system for the removal of harmful blood-borne substances, ranging from modified self-proteins to pathogens and xenobiotics. Controversies in the literature regarding the LSEC phenotype pose a challenge when determining distinct functionalities of KCs and LSECs. This may be due to overlapping functions of the two cells, insufficient purification and/or identification of the cells, rapid dedifferentiation of LSECs in vitro, or species differences. We therefore characterized and quantitatively compared expressed gene products of freshly isolated, highly pure LSECs (fenestrated SE-1/FcgRIIb2 + ) and KCs (CD11b/c + ) from Sprague Dawley, Crl:CD(SD), male rats using high throughput mRNA-sequencing and label-free proteomics. Results: We observed a robust correlation between the proteomes and transcriptomes of the two cell types. Integrative analysis of the global molecular profile demonstrated the immunological aspects of LSECs. The constitutive expression of several immune genes and corresponding proteins of LSECs bore some resemblance with the expression in macrophages. LSECs and KCs both expressed high levels of scavenger receptors (SR) and C-type lectins. Equivalent expression of SR-A1 (Msr1), mannose receptor (Mrc1), SR-B1 (Scarb1), and SR-B3 (Scarb2) suggested functional similarity between the two cell types, while functional distinction between the cells was evidenced by LSEC-specific expression of the SRs stabilin-1 (Stab1) and stabilin-2 (Stab2), and the C-type lectins LSECtin (Clec4g) and DC-SIGNR (Clec4m). Many immune regulatory factors were differentially expressed in LSECs and KCs, with one cell predominantly expressing a specific cytokine/chemokine and the other cell the cognate receptor, illustrating the complex cytokine milieu of the sinusoids. Both cells expressed genes and proteins involved in antigen processing and presentation, and lymphocyte co-stimulation. Conclusions: Our findings support complementary and partly overlapping scavenging and immune functions of LSECs and KCs. This highlights the importance of including LSECs in studies of liver immunity, and liver clearance and toxicity of large molecule drugs and nano-formulations.
Evaluation of a transparent perfluorodecalin‐infused patch as an adjunct to laser‐assisted tattoo removal: A pivotal trial (2017)

An average of 3.7 laser passes were made in a defined 5-minute treatment session when using the transparent PFD-infused patch, which is significantly more than was possible with the laser alone (average of 1.4 passes). Use of the PFD patch was associated with improved tolerability compared with conventional treatment, with subjects experiencing fewer and less severe AEs related to epidermal injury. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:335-340, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
WiFi proximity detection in mobile web applications (2014)

We present a technique for enabling WiFi proximity detection in mobile web applications based on proximity-adaptive HTTP responses (PAHR). The technique requires zero installation on the client and is client platform independent. Our reference implementation ProxiMagic is low-cost and provides robust and responsive interactivity based on proximity detection. We demonstrate the technique's applicability through a real-world example application deployed during a month-long participatory art exhibition. We document the reliability and suitability of the simple proximity detection employed in ProxiMagic through a controlled experiment.
Geologic Interpretation of Data Sets Collected by Planetary Analog Geology Traverses and by Standard Geologic Field Mapping (2013)

Geologic maps integrate the distributions, contacts, and compositions of rock and sediment bodies as a means to interpret local to regional formative histories. Applying terrestrial mapping techniques to other planets is challenging because data is collected primarily by orbiting instruments, with infrequent, spatiallylimited in situ human and robotic exploration. Although geologic maps developed using remote data sets and limited field access likely contain inaccuracies, the magnitude, type, and occurrence of these are only marginally understood. This project evaluates the interpretative and cartographic accuracy of both field- and remote-based mapping approaches by comparing two 1:24,000 scale geologic maps of the San Francisco Volcanic Field (SFVF), north-central Arizona. The first map is based on traditional field mapping techniques, while the second is based on remote data sets, augmented with limited field observations collected during NASA Desert Research & Technology Studies (RATS) 2010 exercises. The RATS mission used Apollo-style methods not only for pre-mission traverse planning but also to conduct geologic sampling as part of science operation tests. Cross-comparison demonstrates that the Apollo-style map identifies many of the same rock units and determines a similar broad history as the field-based map. However, field mapping techniques allow markedly improved discrimination of map units, particularly unconsolidated surficial deposits, and recognize a more complex eruptive history than was possible using Apollo-style data. Further, the distribution of unconsolidated surface units was more obvious in the remote sensing data to the field team after conducting the fieldwork. The study raises questions about the most effective approach to balancing mission costs with the rate of capture, suggesting that there is an inflection point in the knowledge capture curve beyond which additional resource investment yields progressively smaller gains in geologic knowledge.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Cellular Source and Amount of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Tumors Determine Response to Angiogenesis Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-3 from Cellular Source and Amount of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Tumors Determine Response to Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Acting on delusions: the role of negative affect in the pathway towards serious violence (2018)

Acting violently on delusions is a significant clinical problem. Recent research has identified state anger as key component in the pathway from persecutory/threat delusions to serious violence. To determine the magnitude of the effect of delusional anger and to investigate a dose-response relationship we carried out a prospective follow-up study of forensic in-patients discharged into the community. Men and women (n = 409) were assessed before/after discharge at 6 and 12 months (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, MacArthur Community Violence Interview). No association was found with a content un-specific measure of delusions, thought disorder, hallucinations, grandiosity and violence. Suspiciousness/persecution was significantly associated with both violence and anger. Anger was also associated with violence. Mediation analyses suggested that 84% of the association between suspiciousness/persecution and violence was explained by anger. Key target of interventions should primarily be the anger; treatment of delusional beliefs plays a secondary role in the management of risk.
Multi-Format All-Optical Regeneration at 40 Gb∕s Based on SOA-MZI (2010)

We present all‐optical regeneration at 40 Gb/s for On‐Off Keying (OOK) and Differential Phase‐Shift Keying (DPSK) signals using a multi‐functional Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) based Mach‐Zehnder Interferometer (MZI). Error free operation for both circuits was achieved indicating that this device can be used effectively as a regenerator for both OOK and DPSK modulation formats.
Nucleus?? 24 Advanced Encoder Conversion Study: Performance versus Preference (2002)

There was a significant relation between subjects' strategy preference based on experience in everyday life and their performance on the sentence tests, particularly sentences in noise. Important individual differences in strategy preference as well as in rate and number of channels stimulated per cycle within the ACE and CIS strategies emerged during the study. At the end of this process, over half of the subjects preferred the ACE strategy, and over double the number preferred the SPEAK strategy compared with the CIS strategy. To provide newly implanted recipients with as much benefit as possible, it is important that the speech processor program with each strategy be adjusted to maximize perceived benefit sequentially and then the three strategies need to be compared. With the four memories of the SPrint processor and a recipient who adapts quickly to hearing sound with different speech coding strategies, it may be possible to accomplish this comparison clinically through weekly fitting sessions plus listening in everyday life over a period of approximately 6 wk. At the end of this fitting process, most recipients probably will prefer to use one strategy, whereas some may prefer two or all three strategies to maximize their ability to hear in different listening situations.
Synthesis of [14C]anthracycline anticancer agent 14-O-(β-alanyl-N-HCl)-7-O-(2′,6′-dideoxy-2′-fluoro-α-l-talopyranosyl) adriamycinone-14-14C (DA-125-14C) (1997)

Synthesis of the anthracycline anticancer agent, 14-O-(β-alanyl-N-HCl)-7-O-(2′,6′-dideoxy-2′-fluoro-α-L-talopyranosyl) Adriamycinone (DA-125-14C) labeled with carbon-14 regiospecifically for ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) studies is described. Unlabeled 7-O-(2′,6′-dideoxy-2′-fluoro-α-L-talopyranosyl) adriamycinone (Dong-A Pharm. Lot MI-8008) (B-1) was employed as the starting material in this nine-step radiosynthesis. The 14C-labeled N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluene sulfonamide (methyl-14C), prepared in five steps from 14CH3I, served as the source of the label. A total of 335 μCi of 14-14C-DA-125 (specific activity 6.63 mCi/mmol, radiochemical purity of 98%, and overall isolated radiochemical yield >1% based on N-methyl-14C-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide, A-5) was prepared. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Web Page Design Cookbook: All the Ingredients You Need to Create 5-Star Web Pages (1995)

Welcome to the Kitchen. Tableware and Cutlery. Cooking Lesson. Basic Recipes. Ingredients. Nutrition. Haute Cuisine. Presentation. International Cuisine. Ask the Master Chefs. Complete Meals. Cordon Bleu. Resources for the Web Chef. Index.
Chronic administration of neuropeptide Y into the lateral ventricle inhibits both the pituitary-testicular axis and growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I secretion in intact adult male rats. (1996)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to be involved in the central regulation of appetite, sexual behavior, and reproductive function. Whereas central administration of NPY strongly stimulates feeding in satiated animals, diet restriction or other unfavorable metabolic situations, such as diabetes, produce enhanced NPY gene expression and NPY release in the hypothalamus. Numerous studies have indicated that acute central administration of NPY results in various actions on LH secretion in the rat, either stimulatory or inhibitory. We recently demonstrated that chronic infusion of NPY into the lateral ventricle of adult intact female rats profoundly inhibited both the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes, with disruption of estrous cyclicity. Furthermore, we showed that central chronic infusion of NPY delayed sexual maturation in female rats. To analyze the effects of the same type of chronic NPY treatment on the pituitary-testicular axis, 45-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were implanted with stainless steel cannulas in the right lateral ventricle. Ten days later, Alzet osmotic minipumps were filled with different NPY solutions, adjusted to deliver 6, 18, or 36 micrograms/day, connected to the intracerebroventricular (icv) cannula, and sc implanted dorsally. The effects of these treatments were evaluated over 7 days. In one case, rats were castrated 5 days after initiation of NPY treatment, and the effect of castration was evaluated 2 days later. Chronic icv infusion of NPY produced the expected dose-related increases in food intake from 33.0 +/- 0.9 (basal) to 53.4 +/- 3.3 g/day (18 micrograms NPY/day) and body weight gain (5.7 +/- 0.7 to 10.5 +/- 1.2 d/day). As in female rats, this orexigenic action of NPY resulted in a significant dose-related decrease in pituitary weight, from 12.4 +/- 0.7 to 9.9 +/- 0.4 mg. The 7-day NPY infusion produced highly significant decreases in seminal vesicle weight (853 +/- 77 to 230 +/- 31 mg) and testis weight (3.82 +/- 0.09 to 3.18 +/- 0.15 g; P = 0.003). Plasma levels of testosterone (231 +/- 71 to 48 +/- 13 ng/dl), LH (20.7 +/- 3.7 to 9.1 +/- 1.2 ng/ml), and FSH (282 +/- 17 to 190 +/- 18 ng/ml) were markedly decreased at the 18 micrograms/day dosage, as also demonstrated for the 36 micrograms/day dosage. None of these effects was observed if vehicle was infused into the lateral ventricle instead of the NPY solution. When bilateral orchidectomy was performed 5 days after initiation of the NPY infusion (18 micrograms/day), the immediate LH and FSH rises usually seen after castration were seriously blunted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reducing Variation in Advanced Logic Technologies: Approaches to Process and Design for Manufacturability of Nanoscale CMOS (2007)

This paper presents an overview of process variation effects, including examples of mitigation strategies and test methods. Experimental and theoretical comparisons are presented for 45 nm and 65 nm RDF. SRAM matching and interconnect variation is discussed for both 65 nm and 45 nm, including examples of process and design mitigation strategies. Use of ring oscillators for detailed measurement of within-wafer and within-die variation is illustrated for 65 nm and 45 nm products.
Multimerization and interaction of Toll and Spätzle in Drosophila (2004)

The Toll family of receptors is required for innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecules, but the mechanism of signaling is not entirely clear. In Drosophila the prototypic Toll regulates both embryonic development and adult immune response. We demonstrate here that the host protein Spätzle can function as a ligand for Toll because Spätzle forms a complex with Toll in transgenic fly extracts and stimulates the expression of a Toll-dependent immunity gene, drosomycin, in adult flies. We also show that constitutively active mutants of Toll form multimers that contain intermolecular disulfide linkages. These disulfide linkages are critical for the activity of one of these mutant receptors, indicating that multimerization is essential for the constitutive activity. Furthermore, systematic mutational analysis revealed that a conserved cysteine-containing motif, different from the cysteines used for the intermolecular disulfide linkages, serves as a self-inhibitory module of Toll. Deleting or mutating this cysteine-containing motif leads to constitutive activity. This motif is located just outside the transmembrane domain and may provide a structural hindrance for multimerization and activation of Toll. Together, our results suggest that multimerization may be a regulated, essential step for Toll-receptor activation.
A System for Imaging Infection and Gene Expression in the Body in 3-D (1998)

We have been internally generating light within whole animals, and using the radiated light as a quantitative homing beacon for infection and gene expression. Now, we present a system for reconstruction of such images in 3-D.