gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaAs-Monolithic IC's for an X-Band PLL-Stabilized Local Source (1986)

X-band GaAs-monolithic voltage controlled-oscillator (VCO), divide-by-four analog frequency divider, and Wilkinson power splitter have been developed for frequency stabilization of an X-band Iocal source in a phase-locked loop (PLL) system.The VCO has a series feedback configuration and utilizes an optimized design procedure to yield the highest dc-RF efficiency ever reported for a GaAs-monolithic FET oscillator. The frequency divider has a novel structure which applies a dual-gate FET mixer and two RC-coupled FET amplifier stages to establish a closed loop for generating a 1/4 subharmonic component of an input frequency. The Wilkinson power splitter consists of an isolation resistor and two quarter-wavelength lines, which have been realized in both meander and spiral forms. A VCO-driven frequency divider system incorporating these IC's consumes 380-mW total power to provide the 1/4 subharmonic component of the VCO frequency with more than 3-dBm output power over a 10.86-- 11.01-GHz range.
A high performance low power CMOS channel filter (1980)

A new CMOS PCM channel filter is described, which includes transmit and receive filters on a single die. This chip displays an idle-channel noise of typically 0 dBrnC0, a power supply rejection ratio of 40-50 dB at 1 kHz, and a fully operational power dissipation of only 35 mW, making it very cost effective in telecommunication switching systems. The design of this chip, including architectural, switched capacitor filter, and amplifier considerations is described, and typical experimental results are presented.
Use of simulation to test client-server models (1996)

Simulation is used for many purposes: for example, to analyse a complex system, to visualise the functioning of a system, and to optimise or tune a system. While there is no limitation on the use of simulation, the general consensus is that an analytical solution, if one is possible, is always to be preferred to simulation as a methodology. In the field of information systems, client-server models exhibit a degree of complexity and richness not amenable to easy analytical solutions, except for some specific algorithms useful in limited contexts. Simulation could, therefore, be a good strategy to analyse the client-server systems and help in better implementation of feasible solutions. This paper examines the current state of client-server models and use of simulation in dealing with the problems encountered. The paper then compares the seven-layer OSI model for communications architecture and recommends that a similarly layered approach is likely to prove useful in simulating client-server systems. In the process, the paper also points out that the simulation models bring into a sharp focus the importance of software metrics, an area of vital importance in software development.
A Footnote to History: Was Louis Riel an American Citizen? (2021)

The recent announcement of the discovery of a United States naturalization certificate for Louis Riel in the Manitoba Archives was the occasion for a certain amount of comment in the Canadian press. It was stated that there had been no previous evidence to show that Riel had become an American citizen during the period of his residence in Montana. Several newspapers commented editorially upon the discovery. Although the fact that Riel was an American citizen when he was convicted of treason in 1885 was not unknown to students of Western Canadian history, it did come, apparently, as a surprise to many. The details with respect to Louis Riel may, therefore, not be without interest to the readers of the Canadian Historical Review.
Bladder augmentation in the prevention of cyclophosphamide‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis in the rat model (1996)

It is possible that the administration of cyclophosphamide in patients with urinary diversion carries little risk of haemorrhagic cystitis. We propose that this protective mechanism is secondary to a substance secreted by the intestinal mucosa that may bind acrolein and render it inactive. Alternatively, this may be secondary to the production of mucus and its ability to coat and protect the epithelium.
Solving inverse problems of optical microlithography (2005)

The direct problem of microlithography is to simulate printing features on the wafer under given mask, imaging system, and process characteristics. The goal of inverse problems is to find the best mask and/or imaging system and/or process to print the given wafer features. In this study we will describe and compare solutions of inverse mask problems. Pixel-based inverse problem of mask optimization (or "layout inversion") is harder than inverse source problem, especially for partially-coherent systems. It can be stated as a non-linear constrained minimization problem over complex domain, with large number of variables. We compare method of Nashold projections, variations of Fienap phase-retrieval algorithms, coherent approximation with deconvolution, local variations, and descent searches. We propose electrical field caching technique to substantially speedup the searching algorithms. We demonstrate applications of phase-shifted masks, assist features, and maskless printing.
Planarized copper gate hydrogenated amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors for AM-LCDs (2002)

The reduction of gate busline RC propagation delay and the enhancement of pixel electrode aperture-ratio are very critical for large-area and high-resolution active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). To achieve these goals, Cu gate hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) must be developed. However, Cu shows high reactivity during PECVD of certain films, poor adhesion to glass substrates, and high diffusivity through PECVD gate insulators under electrical bias. These problems must be overcome before this metallurgy can be used for a-Si:H TFTs. To overcome these problems, we propose to apply gate planarization (GP) technology to a-Si:H TFTs incorporating Cu gate metalurgy. In this paper, we show that it is possible to combine Cu metallization with a low dielectric constant organic dielectric planarization layer to fabricate a-Si:H TFT structures that can be used in AMLCDs. Benzocyclobutene (BCB, ε/sub r/=2.4) was chosen as the planarization layer for the Cu gate electrodes, since it has been successfully used in VLSI technology. In addition, by using the BCB layer, not only has Cu layer adhesion to the glass substrate been improved, but at the same time the high reactivity of the Cu surface can be controlled. The step coverage of the thick gate metal is not a problem with this technology. The low dielectric constant of this material also reduces the parasitic capacitance associated with a-Si:H TFT circuitry.
A “Nitrate Route” for the low temperature “Fast SCR” reaction over a V2O5–WO3/TiO2commercial catalyst (2004)

A novel mechanism is proposed for the Fast SCR reaction of NH(3), NO and NO(2) at low temperature involving the formation of ammonium nitrate as intermediate and its subsequent reaction with NO as the rate determining step.
Some Inverse Solutions to an Automobile Path-Tracking Problem with Input Control of Steering and Brakes (1986)

SUMMARY An approximate inverse solution for a laterally telescoped automobile is obtained where the two inputs, namely the steering angle and the brake/tractive forces, are determined so as to perform a specified lane change maneuver. The optimal control approach is shown to be useful in obtaining some of the many feasible inverse solutions where the same tracking task is performed with different steering inputs by applying different brake/tractive forces. A comparison is made between the tractive forces required for front and rear drive automobiles when the vehicle is to be accelerated to the same final speed during the same lane-change maneuver.
You Are Where You Edit: Locating Wikipedia Contributors through Edit Histories (2009)

Whether knowingly or otherwise, Wikipedia contributors reveal their interests and expertise through their contribution patterns. An analysis of Wikipedia edit histories shows that it is often possible to associate contributors with relatively small geographic regions, usually corresponding to where they were born or where they presently live. For many contributors, the geographic coordinates of pages they have edited are tightly clustered. Results suggest that a wealth of information about contributors can be gleaned from edit histories. This illustrates the efﬁcacy of data mining on large, publicly-available datasets and raises potential privacy concerns.
Annotating 3D content in interactive, virtual worlds (2013)

Labeling or annotating 3D content is an essential task for interactive environments such as digital 3D cities or indoor models, to enable target-oriented exploration and navigation. The seamless integration of text information into the perspective view of the scene has the advantage that switching between legend and content view is avoided. However, it demands for special labeling methods that overcome common problems, in particular, ambiguous label assignment, missing labels, and label cluttering. We present a novel, image-based labeling approach that uses enhanced visibility analysis to dynamically attach labels to visible parts of 2D and 3D labeling objects. We show that this approach not only is suitable for external and internal labeling, but also explain how dynamic switching between internal and external labeling can be performed using our method. We demonstrate the applicability of our method by 2D and 3D map examples.
Prostate Specific Antigen in the Follow-Up of Radical Prostatectomy Patients (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Prostate Specific Antigen in the Follow-Up of Radical Prostatectomy Patients Paul Ray and Rashid Bhatti Paul RayPaul Ray More articles by this author and Rashid BhattiRashid Bhatti More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)76191-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Prostate Specific Antigen in the Follow-Up of Radical Prostatectomy Patients." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 364A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 364A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Paul Ray More articles by this author Rashid Bhatti More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Reconfigurable focal plane electronics for advanced all-digital focal plane sensors in space applications (2018)

A reconfigurable set of focal plane control electronics has been developed that can operate a broad range of advanced all-digital focal planes in space- and ground- based applications. To date, the reconfigurable focal plane electronics (RFPE) have successfully operated 7 different state-of-the-art all-digital ROICs from multiple suppliers, including Teledyne Imaging Systems, BAE, and others. The payload is approximately 7.9” x 4.5” x 7.6”, is fully redundant, dissipates between 5 and 25 watts, depending on the sensor and application, and is user programmable after launch. The RFPE has been demonstrated operating sensors with aggregate digital output rates up to 33 Gbits/s, but it supports rates up to 50 Gbits/s. An integrated programmable micro-sequencer generator enables users to create and store dozens of complex image data collection scenarios and modify or add to those once on orbit. Lossy and lossless image compression, pixel level gain and offset (a.k.a. NUC) correction, frame co-adding, decoding/encoding of cyclical redundancy check sensor data, and bad pixel correction are a few of the image processing features that have been demonstrated to date. Bias sources are programmable and include over-voltage and over-current protection to safeguard mission critical image sensors. Enhancements under development include the addition of graphical processors and a large cache of solid state memory. This paper describes the current and planned capabilities of the RFPE payload.
Global phosphoproteomic study of high/low specific productivity industrially relevant mAb producing recombinant CHO cell lines (2021)

Understanding the biology of CHO cells at a cellular level is extremely valuable to the pharmaceutical industry, as it presents the opportunity to rationally engineer clonally derived cell lines (CDCLs) with elevated recombinant specific productivity (Qp). To date, relatively little is understood about the intracellular pathways which influence desirable phenotypes in CHO cell lines. In this study we identified phosphoproteins and total proteins which are differentially expressed between high and low Qp IgG4 producing industry CHO cell lines, some of which upon further investigation, could potentially be used as targets to engineer high Qp CDCLs. We highlighted the importance of phosphoproteins and total proteins associated with amino acid sensing in high Qp cell lines. We also identified increased expression of proteins which promote progression through the cell cycle in low Qp cell lines, suggesting that lower Qp CDCLs are focusing their translational machinery on translating cell cycle associated mRNAs.
Dynamics and Control of a Free-Piston Diesel Engine (2003)

Free-piston diesel engines are characterized by freely moving pistons without any crankshaft or camshaft connected to the pistons. This allows a compact and efficient engine design, but requires automatic control of the piston motion. This paper present a dynamic mathematical model of a free-piston diesel engine, and a control oriented dynamic analysis leading to a piston motion control structure. Experimental results using a full scale test cylinder are included and show feasibility of the suggested control approach.
Outbreak Culture (2021)

An award-winning genetic researcher and a tenacious journalist examine each phase of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, the largest and deadliest of its kind. Their postmortem identifies factors that kept key information from reaching doctors, complicated the government's response to the crisis, and left responders unprepared for the next outbreak.
Identification of an ADAMTS2 frameshift variant in a cat family with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (2023)

We investigated 4 European domestic shorthair kittens with skin lesions consistent with the dermatosparaxis type of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a connective tissue disorder. The kittens were sired by the same tomcat but were born by 3 different mothers. The kittens had easily torn skin resulting in nonhealing skin wounds. Both clinically and histologically, the skin showed thin epidermis in addition to inflammatory changes. Changes in collagen fibers were visible in electron micrographs. The complete genome of an affected kitten was sequenced. A one base pair duplication leading to a frameshift in the candidate gene ADAMTS2 was identified, p.(Ser235fs*3). All 4 affected cats carried the frameshift duplication in a homozygous state. Genotypes at this variant showed perfect cosegregation with the autosomal recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome phenotype in the available family. The mutant allele did not occur in 48 unrelated control cats. ADAMTS2 loss-of-function variants cause autosomal recessive forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in humans, mice, dogs, cattle, and sheep. The available evidence from our investigation together with the functional knowledge on ADAMTS2 in other species allows to classify the identified ADAMTS2 variant as pathogenic and most likely causative variant for the observed Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
The effect of vascular health factors on white matter microstructure mediates age-related differences in executive function performance (2021)

Even within healthy aging, vascular risk factors can detrimentally influence cognition, with executive functions (EF) particularly vulnerable. Fronto-parietal white matter (WM) connectivity in part, supports EF and may be particularly sensitive to vascular risk. Here, we utilized structural equation modeling in 184 healthy adults (aged 20-94 years of age) to test the hypotheses that: 1) fronto-parietal WM microstructure mediates age effects on EF; 2) higher blood pressure (BP) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden influences this association. All participants underwent comprehensive cognitive and neuropsychological testing including tests of processing speed, executive function (with a focus on tasks that require switching and inhibition) and completed an MRI scanning session that included FLAIR imaging for semi-automated quantification of white matter hyperintensity burden and diffusion-weighted imaging for tractography. Structural equation models were specified with age (as a continuous variable) and blood pressure predicting within-tract WMH burden and fractional anisotropy predicting executive function and processing speed. Results indicated that fronto-parietal white matter of the genu of the corpus collosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (but not cortico-spinal tract) mediated the association between age and EF. Additionally, increased systolic blood pressure and white matter hyperintensity burden within these white matter tracts contribute to worsening white matter health and are important factors underlying age-brain-behavior associations. These findings suggest that aging brings about increases in both BP and WMH burden, which may be involved in the degradation of white matter connectivity and in turn, negatively impact executive functions as we age.
A new synthesis method for the preparation of ITQ-7 zeolites and the characterisation of the resulting materials (2005)

A new and convenient synthesis procedure for the preparation of ITQ-7 within a wide range of compositions is described. The most relevant feature of this new method is that it has allowed to obtain the pure silica ITQ-7 zeolite that was not possible to synthesise since the earliest structure directing agent (SDA) reported for the synthesis of this material [L.A. Villaescusa, P.A. Barrett, M.A. Camblor, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38 (1999) 1997] was discontinued from the commercial suppliers. The new SDA is N -butyl- N -cyclohexyl-pyrrolidinium cation that can be easily prepared through a reductive amination of ketones reaction followed by quaternisation of the resulting amines. This new SDA has allowed to synthesise ITQ-7 zeolites, as pure silica materials, but also Al has been introduced in its framework, providing acid properties to the resulting solids. In this work, the synthesis procedure and characterisation of the resulting solids will be presented in detail and compared to the ITQ-7 zeolites obtained through synthesis procedures previously reported [L.A. Villaescusa, P.A. Barrett, M.A. Camblor, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38 (1999) 1997; A. Cantín, A. Corma, M.J. Díaz-Cabañas, F. Rey, G. Sastre, Conf. Proc. 14th Int. Zeolite Conf., Cape Town, South Africa, 2004]. .
Up-regulation of VEGF by Small Activator RNA in Human Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cells (2011)

VEGF expression can be activated by RNAa in primary human CCSMCs, suggesting a potential application of RNAa-mediated VEGF activation for the treatment of ED.
Self-sustaining erosion-resistant low z coatings for first wall and limiter applications I: theory (1981)

It has been suggested that dilute alkali-metal alloys at surface facing a Tokamak plasma might be used to provide a self-sustaining low-Z alkali-metal surface which would shield the structural component of the alloy from erosion. At the same time, the alkali-metal overlayer could be expected to primarily sputter as secondary ions, which are returned to the wall and limiter without entering the plasma. In order to achieve this goal, a number of conditions which may be mutually exclusive must be met. Several of these conditions are analyzed, providing information on the feasibility and expected limits of performance for dilute alloys of Li in Al, Si, and Cu.
The effect of rapamycin on bone growth in rabbits (2009)

mTOR is a nutrient-sensing protein kinase that regulates numerous cellular processes. Our prior studies using the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, indicate an important role for mTOR in chondrogenesis. We extended our observations to a physiological, in vivo model of bone growth, direct infusion of rapamycin into the proximal tibial growth plates of rabbits. Rapamycin or DMSO vehicle was infused directly into growth plates by an osmotic minipump for 8 weeks. Tibial growth was followed radiographically. At the end of the experiment, growth plates were recovered for histological analysis. Six animals were studied. No untoward effects of rapamycin infusion were found. Bone growth of limbs exposed to rapamycin was slower than control limbs, particularly during the period of most rapid growth. Histological analysis revealed that growth plate height in the rapamycin-infused limbs was reduced. Both the hypertrophic and proliferative zones were significantly smaller in the rapamycin-infused limbs. Direct infusion of rapamycin into proximal tibial growth plates decreased the size of the growth plate and inhibited overall long bone growth. Rapamycin appears to affect both the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the tibial growth plate. Our results indicate that nutrients may exert a direct effect on long bone growth via mTOR-mediated modulation of chondrogenesis at the growth plate. and suggest that the possible inhibitory effects of rapamycin on skeletal growth warrant further attention before its use in children.
Conversion of the biological specificity of murine to human leukemia inhibitory factor by replacing 6 amino acid residues. (1994)

Mouse and human leukemia inhibitory factor (mLIF and hLIF) have approximately 80% amino acid identity, but mLIF cannot bind to the hLIF receptor (hLIF-R), while hLIF binds to the alpha-chain of the mLIF receptor (mLIF-R) with a much higher affinity than does mLIF. We have previously shown that the same regions confer both these properties of hLIF and map to an area within the predicted third alpha-helix and two of the loops of hLIF (Owczarek, C. M., Layton, M. J., Metcalf, D., Lock, P., Wilson, T. A., Gough, N. M., and Nicola, N. A. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 3487-3495). The present studies, using interspecies chimeras of mLIF and hLIF, have defined 6 residues (Asp57, Ser107, His112, Ser113, Val155, and Lys158) that contribute most of the binding energy involved in the interaction of hLIF and the hLIF-R alpha-chain, and form a surface at one end of the predicted four alpha-helical bundle of the hLIF molecule. Mouse LIF is unable to bind to the hLIF-R alpha-chain or activate the cellular hLIF-R, but when these 6 residues were substituted onto an mLIF framework, they were able to reconstitute both the binding and biological activities specific to hLIF.