gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of a hybrid gas generator for a ducted rocket (2017)

A performance analysis and experimental study of a hybrid gas generator to be used in a ducted rocket are presented. Such a system exhibits potential advantages with regard to safety, performance, costs, availability of the fuel components, storability, and thrust control. A combination of a paraffin wax fuel and oxygen in the gas generator ensures a high regression rate and reveals oxidizer-to-fuel ratios as low as 0.14 in the gas generator (compared to the stoichiometric ratio of 3.4). A fuel regression rate correlation versus the oxidizer mass flux is derived, presenting a major advantage for the fuel flow rate management in comparison to control of the solid propellant gas generator burning rate through the pressure exponent, which requires mechanical interference with the hot nozzle flow to ensure a change in the combustor pressure and a corresponding change in the burning rate. Evaluation of the ducted rocket (with different oxidizers) versus pure ramjet performance shows a higher specific thrust for the former, though the latter exhibits a higher specific impulse.
A Lack of Ovarian Function Increases Neuroinflammation in Aged Mice (2012)

Although several lines of evidence have indicated that menopause is associated with increased susceptibility to neurological disorders, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Because neuroinflammation is a common feature of a number of brain diseases, we hypothesized that the cessation of ovarian functions and the consequent decrease in estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated antiinflammatory activity may represent a trigger for postmenopausal brain dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aging and surgical menopause on the activity of ER in neuroinflammation. The present study shows that ER genes are expressed in the hippocampus, but ER transcriptional activity decreases significantly beginning at 12 months of age in intact and ovariectomized mice. With ovariectomy, we observe an age-dependent accumulation of mRNA encoding inflammatory mediators (e.g. TNFα, IL1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) and changes in the morphology of astroglia and microglia. In addition, we show that aging itself is coupled with an exaggerated response to acute inflammatory stimuli with a major accumulation of TNFα, IL1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in response to lipopolysaccharide administration. The response to acute inflammatory stimuli appears to be differentially modulated by the duration of hormone deprivation in 12-month-old mice. Taken together, the present results show that aging is associated with decreased ER activity, despite continuous ER synthesis, and that age-dependent neuroinflammation is strongly influenced by hormone deprivation.
Charge redistribution in adaptable quantum-dot and quantum-well nanomaterials for infrared sensing (2013)

Optoelectronic materials for advanced IR sensing should combine wide strong electron coupling to the IR radiation, spectral tunability, adjustable dynamic range, manageable trade-off parameters, such as the noise characteristics and the operating time. Modern nanomaterials based on quantum dots and quantum wells provide wide possibilities to manage photoelectron processes via tuning the charge of quantum dots and quantum wells by the electric field and/or optical pumping. Variations in charge built in dots and wells change spectral characteristics, photocarrier lifetimes, and noise processes. These effects are especially strong in nanomaterials with strong selective doping of dots and wells. Manageable built-in charge provides wide possibilities to control the spectra, detector responsivity, and recombination processes.
Imaging of platelets in right-sided extracardiac conduits in humans. (1982)

As a connection between the systemic venous ventricle and the pulmonary artery, valved Dacron extracardiac conduits have remarkably influenced the surgical approach to many complex congenital heart defects. Obstruction of the conduit, however, can reduce the long-term effectiveness of this corrective procedure. In addition to stenosis of the porcine valve, formation of thick fibrous neointima plays a major role in the pathogenesis of conduit obstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether platelet deposition could be demonstrated in these conduits by external imaging with In-111-labeled autologous platelets. After injection of labeled platelets either immediately after operation or on the fifth to eighth postoperative day, imaging was performed by standard procedures. Eight of nine patients had platelet accumulation in the conduit, and treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole caused no recognizable change in platelet deposition. This study demonstrates the feasibility of imaging platelet deposition in Dacron conduits and shows that the pattern of deposition varies with time.
Fabrication of surface micromachined ain piezoelectric microstructures and its potential apllication to rf resonators (2005)

We report on a novel microfabrication method to fabricate aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric microstructures down to 2 microns size by a surface micromachining process. Highly c-axis oriented AlN thin films are deposited between thin Cr electrodes on polysilicon structural layers by rf reactive sputtering. The top Cr layer is used both as a mask to etch the AlN thin films and as an electrode to actuate the AlN piezoelectric layer. The AlN layer is patterned anisotropically by wet etching using a TMAH (25%) solution. This multilayer stack uses silicon-di-oxide as a sacrificial layer to make free-standing structures. One-port scattering paramenter measurement using a network analyzer show a resonant frequency of 1.781 GHz on a clamped-clamped beam suspended structure. The effective electromechanical coupling factor is calculated as 2.4 % and the measured bandwidth is 13.5 MHz for one such a doubly clamped beam (990x30) μm2.
Tumor-Targeting, pH-Responsive, and Stable Unimolecular Micelles as Drug Nanocarriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy (2010)

A new type of multifunctional unimolecular micelle drug nanocarrier based on amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymer for targeted cancer therapy was developed. The core of the unimolecular micelle was a hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, Boltorn H40. The inner hydrophobic layer was composed of random copolymer of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(malic acid) (PMA-co-PCL) segments, while the outer hydrophilic shell was composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments. Active tumor-targeting ligands, i.e., folate (FA), were selectively conjugated to the distal ends of the PEG segments. An anticancer drug, i.e., doxorubicin (DOX) molecules, was conjugated onto the PMA segments with pH-sensitive drug binding linkers for pH-triggered drug release. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the unimolecular micelles were uniform with a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 25 nm. The drug loading content was determined to be 14.2%. The drug release profile, cell uptake and distribution, and cytotoxicity of the unimolecular micelles were evaluated in vitro. The folate-conjugated micelles can be internalized by the cancer cells via folate-receptor-mediated endocytosis; thus, they exhibited enhanced cell uptake and cytotoxicity. At pH 7.4, the physiological condition of bloodstream, DOX conjugated onto the unimolecular micelles exhibited excellent stability; however, once the micelles were internalized by the cancer cells, the pH-sensitive hydrazone linkages were cleavable by the intracellular acidic environment, which initially caused a rapid release of DOX. These findings indicate that these unique unimolecular micelles may offer a very promising approach for targeted cancer therapy.
Communication challenges in high-density deployments of wearable wireless devices (2015)

Wearable wireless devices are very likely to soon move into the mainstream of our society, led by the rapidly expanding multibillion dollar health and fitness markets. Should wearable technology sales follow the same pattern as those of smartphones and tablets, these new devices (a.k.a. wearables) will see explosive growth and high adoption rates over the next five years. It also means that wearables will need to become more sophisticated, capturing what the user sees, hears, or even feels. However, with an avalanche of new wearables, we will need to find ways to supply them with low-latency highspeed data connections to enable truly demanding use cases such as augmented reality. This is particularly true for high-density wearable computing scenarios, such as public transportation, where existing wireless technology may have difficulty supporting stringent application requirements. In this article, we summarize our recent progress in this area with a comprehensive review of current and emerging connectivity solutions for high-density wearable deployments, their relative performance, and open communication challenges.
Type I Interferon Induction Pathway, but Not Released Interferon, Participates in the Maturation of Dendritic Cells Induced by Negative‐Strand RNA Viruses (2003)

Signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for dendritic cell (DC) maturation induced by bacteria and other pathogens. The mechanism for virus-induced DC maturation is not known. By use of pairs of live viruses with different abilities to induce the interferon (IFN) pathway, a strong correlation between DC maturation and the ability of the virus to induce type I IFN synthesis was demonstrated. The secreted IFN was not necessary, nor was it sufficient to induce full DC maturation. Intracellular viral replication is necessary for this process, and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB was crucial for cytokine induction. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase was not essential for DC maturation. Similar to TLR-induced DC maturation, after virus infection, separate pathways for the induction of cytokine secretion and the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules were activated. It was demonstrated that these pathways have different sensitivities to the presence of viral stimulus.
Pattern recognition based microsimulation calibration and innovative traffic representations (2008)

Even though calibration techniques for traffic simulation abound, this dissertation presents the first mathematical formalization using representations and invariants.The calibration is defined succinctly over three levels of representation: traffic, dissimilarity, and search.The methodology encompasses the currently used calibration procedures while improving the calibration process.The theoretical formulation of calibration lays the foundation for several improvements in calibration such as improvement in traffic relationships employed in calibration, new pattern recognition methods for accurate measurement of the differences in complex relationships, and seamless integration into direct search methods.These new methods are demonstrated in the microsimulation of a freeway network in California.In the first case study, speed-flow graphs were shown to replicate field data better than methods based on either capacity or sustained flow.The study also demonstrates the usefulness of pattern recognition in automatically measuring the degree-of-closeness of traffic relationships based on graphs.In the second case study, the calibration process is improved by integrating a microscopic traffic representation (action points) and a macroscopic representation (speed-flow graphs).The microscopic traffic representations are developed by analyzing several leader-follower vehicle pairs from real-world vehicle trajectories.
A Study of High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4and High-Capacity Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5Blends (2013)

Spinel-layered (S-L) cathode blends of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-δ and Li1.5Ni0.25Mn0.75O2.5 were prepared by physical mixing during electrode fabrication. The incorporation of the spinel component in the blends (S:L ratio = 1:1) has led to the following advantages: 1) the initial-cycle efficiency, which is usually lower than 80% for the layered component, increased to 90% as the extra capacity of the spinel below 3.0 V could be utilized in the blends; 2) the rate capability of the cells was improved and reached a maximum for the blend; 3) the cycling behavior of the cells was comparable to that of the pure layered component, but superior to that of the pure spinel component cycled between 2.0 and 4.8 V. The study revealed that the introduction of the spinel component in the blends could mitigate some of the weaknesses of the layered component, and vice versa.
Can Flexible Instruments Create Adequate Femoral Tunnel Lengths at 90° of Knee Flexion in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? (2016)

This study that shows that adequate femoral tunnel lengths can be safely created without knee hyperflex - ion using flexible instruments via an anteromedial portal.
Perfusion culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells for bioprocessing applications (2021)

Much of the biopharmaceutical industry's success over the past 30 years has relied on products derived from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. During this time, improvements in mammalian cell cultures have come from cell line development and process optimization suited for large-scale fed-batch processes. Originally developed for high cell densities and sensitive products, perfusion processes have a long history. Driven by high volumetric titers and a small footprint, perfusion-based bioprocess research has regained an interest from academia and industry. The recent pandemic has further highlighted the need for such intensified biomanufacturing options. In this review, we outline the technical history of research in this field as it applies to biologics production in CHO cells. We demonstrate a number of emerging trends in the literature and corroborate these with underlying drivers in the commercial space. From these trends, we speculate that the future of perfusion bioprocesses is bright and that the fields of media optimization, continuous processing, and cell line engineering hold the greatest potential. Aligning in its continuous setup with the demands for Industry 4.0, perfusion biomanufacturing is likely to be a hot topic in the years to come.
인삼 Petroleum - ether 추출물이 종양세포의 증식 주기 진행 및 Protein Kinase C 의 활성에 미치는 영향 (1996)

본 연구에서는, 5종의 종양세포에서 세표주기에 따라 처리한 인삼 petroleum-ether 추출물이 세포 및 protein kinase C의 활성에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. G1기에서 처리한 인삼 pertoleum-ether 추출물(50∼200㎍/ml)은 인체 직장암 세포인 HRT-18, 인체 결장암 세포인 HT-29, 인체 간암 세포인 Hep G2 및 인체 전립선암 세포인 LNCaP의 증식을 억제하였다. 그러나, 인삼 추출물을 S기에서 처리하였을 때에는 종양 세포의 증식에 변화가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 인삼 추출물이 G1기의 진행을 억제하여 세포 증식 억제를 초래하였을 가능성을 보여준다. 또한 , 같은 농도에서 처리한 인삼 petroleum-ether 추출물은 protein kinase C의 활성을 감소시켰다. PKC의 활성 감소 또한 인삼추출물을 G1기에서 처리하였을 때에만 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 protein kinase C의 활성 감소와 세포주기 진행 억제가 관련이 있음을 암시한다. 결론적으로, 인삼 petroleum-ether 추출물은 protein kinase C의 활성 감소 및 G1 기의 진행을 억제하므로 본 실험에 사용된 인체 암세포의 증식을 억제한 것으로 사료된다.
Improved Dynamic Range of a Rhamnose-Inducible Promoter for Gene Expression in Burkholderia spp. (2021)

A diverse genetic toolkit is critical for understanding bacterial physiology and genotype-phenotype relationships. Inducible promoter systems are an integral part of this toolkit. In <i>Burkholderia</i> and related species, the l-rhamnose-inducible promoter is among the first choices due to its tight control and the lack of viable alternatives. To improve upon its maximum activity and dynamic range, we explored the effect of promoter system modifications in Burkholderia cenocepacia with a LacZ-based reporter. By combining the bacteriophage T7 gene <i>10</i> stem-loop and engineered <i>rhaI</i> transcription factor-binding sites, we obtained a rhamnose-inducible system with a 6.5-fold and 3.0-fold increases in maximum activity and dynamic range, respectively, compared to the native promoter. We then added the modified promoter system to pSCrhaB2 and pSC201, common genetic tools used for plasmid-based and chromosome-based gene expression, respectively, in <i>Burkholderia</i>, creating pSCrhaB2plus and pSC201plus. We demonstrated the utility of pSCrhaB2plus for gene expression in B. thailandensis, <i>B. multivorans</i>, and <i>B. vietnamiensis</i> and used pSC201plus to control highly expressed essential genes from the chromosome of B. cenocepacia. The utility of the modified system was demonstrated as we recovered viable mutants to control <i>ftsZ</i>, <i>rpoBC</i>, and <i>rpsF</i>, whereas the unmodified promoter was unable to control <i>rpsF</i>. The modified expression system allowed control of an essential gene depletion phenotype at lower levels of l-rhamnose, the inducer. pSCRhaB2plus and pSC201plus are expected to be valuable additions to the genetic toolkit for <i>Burkholderia</i> and related species. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Species of <i>Burkholderia</i> are dually recognized as being of attractive biotechnological potential but also opportunistic pathogens for immunocompromised individuals. Understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship is critical for synthetic biology approaches in <i>Burkholderia</i> to disentangle pathogenic from beneficial traits. A diverse genetic toolkit, including inducible promoters, is the foundation for these investigations. Thus, we sought to improve on the commonly used rhamnose-inducible promoter system. Our modifications resulted in both higher levels of heterologous protein expression and broader control over highly expressed essential genes in B. cenocepacia. The significance of our work is in expanding the genetic toolkit to enable more comprehensive studies into <i>Burkholderia</i> and related bacteria.
Optimization of Transparent Passivating Contact for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2019)

A highly transparent front contact layer system for crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells is investigated and optimized. This contact system consists of a wet-chemically grown silicon tunnel oxide, a hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon carbide [SiO2/μc-SiC:H(n)] prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD), and a sputter-deposited indium doped tin oxide. Because of the exclusive use of very high bandgap materials, this system is more transparent for the solar light than state of the art amorphous (a-Si:H) or polycrystalline silicon contacts. By investigating the electrical conductivity of the μc-SiC:H(n) and the influence of the hot-wire filament temperature on the contact properties, we find that the electrical conductivity of μc-SiC:H(n) can be increased by 12 orders of magnitude to a maximum of 0.9 S/cm due to an increased doping density and crystallite size. This optimization of the electrical conductivity leads to a strong decrease in contact resistivity. Applying this SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /μc-SiC:H(n) transparent passivating front side contact to crystalline solar cells with an a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction back contact we achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 21.6% and a short-circuit current density of 39.6 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . All devices show superior quantum efficiency in the short wavelength region compared to the reference cells with a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction front contacts. Furthermore, these transparent passivating contacts operate without any post processing treatments, e.g., forming gas annealing or high-temperature recrystallization.
Self-Correcting Process for High Quality Patterning by Atomic Layer Deposition (2015)

Nanoscale patterning of materials is widely used in a variety of device applications. Area selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) has shown promise for deposition of patterned structures with subnanometer thickness control. However, the current process is limited in its ability to achieve good selectivity for thicker films formed at higher number of ALD cycles. In this report, we demonstrate a strategy for achieving selective film deposition via a self-correcting process on patterned Cu/SiO2 substrates. We employ the intrinsically selective adsorption of octadecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on Cu over SiO2 surfaces to selectively create a resist layer only on Cu. ALD is then performed on the patterns to deposit a dielectric film. A mild etchant is subsequently used to selectively remove any residual dielectric film deposited on the Cu surface while leaving the dielectric film on SiO2 unaffected. The selectivity achieved after this treatment, measured by compositional analysis, is found to be 10 times greater than for conventional area selective ALD.
Evaluation of Chipless RFID Indoor Landmarks at 80 GHz and 240 GHz Using FMCW Radars (2022)

This paper presents measurements of chipless RFID radar landmarks designed for indoor localization applications at 80 GHz and 240 GHz by means of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars. Compared to a vector network analyzer, these radars have the advantage of achieving the readout of a complex signal at a significantly lower cost and footprint. Even without a full calibration, the radars are able to successfully measure the complex backscattered response of the landmarks. This enables the use of FMCW radars as monostatic readers for indoor self-localization applications in highly dynamic and densely cluttered environments.
Dual wavelength modelocked fiber laser (2000)

A dual wavelength actively modelocked erbium-doped fiber laser was constructed which generated pulses approximately 50 ps long with repetition rate 2.6 GHz at both 1544.1 nm and 1545.7 nm. The laser cavity incorporated a pair of dispersive gratings to produce temporal-spectral multiplexing of the pulses in the gain medium, which was observed to reduce cross-saturation effects.
Chance-Constrained Optimization of Energy Storage Capacity for Microgrids (2020)

The optimal storage capacity is a crucial parameter for stable and reliable operation of microgrids in an islanded mode. In this context, an analytical method is developed to robustly formulate and analyze energy storage capacity deploying chance constrained stochastic optimization. More specifically, the goal is to determine an appropriate size for an energy storage to reach a specific loss of load probability (LOLP) in a microgrid with large penetration of renewables considering generation and load forecast error. The total cost is minimized over optimal storage capacity as well as over generators power, while accounting for generation and storage power and energy constraints. It is postulated that the shortage/surplus power will be derived from/injected to the storage system. However, due to stochastic nature of load and renewables and an inevitable forecast error, the renewable generation output or the load power may not be accurately acquired. Thus, the total storage power and energy constraints are posed as chance constraints, for which conservative convex approximations are employed for tractability. In particular, to overcome the difficulty brought about by the large size of the optimization problem, a separable (distributed) structure is pursued, and the dual decomposition method is adopted to obtain optimal solutions. Numerical tests verify the effect of prior knowledge in modeling the uncertainty in optimal choice of storage capacity.
Monitoring the Red Palm Weevil Infestation Using Machine Learning and Optical Sensing (2021)

Red palm weevil (RPW) is a major pest of palm trees, which has destroyed many farms and caused significant economic losses worldwide. It is difficult to detect the RPW infestation in its early stage, especially in vast farms. Here, we introduce combining machine learning and fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) as a solution for detecting the RPW in the larvae stage. A single fiber optic cable would possibly monitor hundreds of trees, simultaneously.