gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Bandgap Photoelectrochemistry: Energetic Configurations for Solar Energy Conversion (1999)

The limiting constraints of multiple bandgap photoelectrochemical energy conversion are explored, as well as practical configurations for efficient solar to electrical energy conversion. Photoelectrochemical charge transfer is both electronic, and ionic, via electrochemical oxidation/reduction, which provides the basis for composite semiconductor/electrolyte systems which can convert and/or store solar energy. Multiple semiconductor bandgaps can enhance the energetics of this interaction. Twelve distinct multiple bandgap photoelectrochemical solar to electrical configurations are introduced, each with advantages and disadvantages. Successive multiple bandgaps may be arranged in either a bipolar or inverted order, and the latter can diminish the photopotential applied to the electrolyte. Both inverted or bipolar configurations can contain either a Schottky or ohmic photoelectrochemical solution interface, and each configuration can be either regenerative, generating external electrical work in which no net change in electrolyte composition occurs, or a storage cell, in which separate redox reactions are driven. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
Coexisting autoantibodies against transcription factor Sp4 are associated with decreased cancer risk in dermatomyositis patients with anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies (2022)

ABSTRACT Objectives In dermatomyositis (DM), different autoantibodies are associated with unique clinical phenotypes. For example, anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies are associated with a substantially increased risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to discover novel DM autoantibodies. Methods Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing using sera from 67 DM patients suggested that transcription factor Sp4 is a novel autoantigen; this was confirmed by showing that patient sera immunoprecipitated full-length Sp4 protein. Sera from 371 Johns Hopkins myositis patients (255 with DM, 28 with antisynthetase syndrome [ASyS], 40 with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy [IMNM], 29 with inclusion body myositis [IBM], and 19 with polymyositis [PM]), 75 rheumatologic disease controls (25 with Sjogren’s syndrome, 25 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 25 with rheumatoid arthritis), and 200 healthy comparators were screened for anti-SP4 autoantibodies by an enzyme-linked immune absorption assay. Serum from 23 Spanish TIF1γ-positive DM patients was also screened for anti-Sp4 autoantibodies Results Anti-Sp4 autoantibodies were present in 11.4% of DM and 8% of rheumatoid arthritis patients but not in any other clinical group. Among DM patients, 90% of anti-Sp4 autoantibodies were detected in patients with anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies. Among anti-TIF1γ-positive DM patients from Johns Hopkins and Spain, those with coexisting anti-Sp4 autoantibodies had a decreased risk of cancer (0% vs. 31%; p=0.001, Chi-squared test). Conclusions Anti-Sp4 autoantibodies are enriched in anti-TIF1γ-positive DM patients without cancer, suggesting that the development of an anti-Sp4 immune response may correlate with a relatively low risk of cancer in these patients. KEY MESSAGES What is already known about this subject? Dermatomyositis patients with anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies have an increased risk of cancer. What does this study add? Anti-Sp4 autoantibodies are enriched in dermatomyositis patients with anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies. Anti-Sp4 autoantibodies are only found in dermatomyositis patients without cancer. Muscle strength is greater in dermatomyositis patients with anti-Sp4 autoantibodies. Anti-Sp4 autoantibodies are not present in patients with antisynthetase syndrome, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, or inclusion body myositis. Autoantibodies against Sp4 are absent in those with systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjogren’s syndrome and present in 8% of those with rheumatoid arthritis. How might this impact on clinical practice? Testing for anti-Sp4 autoantibodies may define a population of anti-TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis patients without a substantially increased risk of cancer.
Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties of a Symmetric Polythiophene Derivative: Decanedionic Acid Bis‐(2‐thiophene‐3‐yl‐ether)ester and its Copolymer with Thiophene (2005)

Here we describe the electrochemical homopolymerization and copolymerization of decanedionic acid bis‐(2‐thiophene‐3‐yl‐ ether)ester (DATE) in the presence of thiophene. Tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB) was utilized as the supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile (ACN)/borontrifloride ethylether (BFEE) solvent mixture (8:2D, v/v). Electrochemical homopolymerization of DATE and copolymerization with thiophene were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Conducting polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) and Thermal Analyses. The morphologies of electrochemically synthesized P(DATE) and P(DATE‐co‐Th) thin films were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrical conductivities were measured by the four‐probe technique. Spectroelectrochemical behaviors of P(DATE) and P(DATE‐co‐Th) films were investigated by UV‐Vis Spectrophotometer. Homopolymer revealed color changes between brownish yellow and blue, whereas copolymer revealed changes between orange and blue in reduced and oxidized states respectively. Switching ability of the polymers was investigated via kinetic study upon measuring the % transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast point. Results implied that copolymerization is a valuable approach to achieve the desired electrochromic properties.
Crossed-Beam Imaging of the Reaction of OH with Propanol Isomers (2023)

We present a crossed-beam imaging study of the reactions of OH radicals with 1- and 2-propanol at a collision energy of 8 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup> using 157 nm probe of the radical product. Our detection is selective for the α-H and β-H abstraction in the 1-propanol case and for the α-H abstraction only in the 2-propanol case. The results show direct dynamics. A sharply peaked backscattered angular distribution is seen for the 2-propanol system and broader backward-sideways scattering for 1-propanol consistent with the different abstraction sites. The translational energy distributions peak at ∼35% of the collision energy, far from the heavy-light-heavy kinematic propensity. As this is ∼10% of the available energy, substantial vibrational excitation in the water product is inferred. The results are discussed in relation to analogous OH + butane and O(<sup>3</sup>P) + propanol reactions.
Luminescent proteins for high-speed single-cell and whole-body imaging (2012)

The use of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized our understanding of biological processes. However, the requirement for external illumination precludes their universal application to the study of biological processes in all tissues. Although light can be created by chemiluminescence, light emission from existing chemiluminescent probes is too weak to use this imaging modality in situations when fluorescence cannot be used. Here we report the development of the brightest luminescent protein to date, Nano-lantern, which is a chimera of enhanced Renilla luciferase and Venus, a fluorescent protein with high bioluminescence resonance energy transfer efficiency. Nano-lantern allows real-time imaging of intracellular structures in living cells with spatial resolution equivalent to fluorescence and sensitive tumour detection in freely moving unshaved mice. We also create functional indicators based on Nano-lantern that can image Ca(2+), cyclic adenosine monophosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate dynamics in environments where the use of fluorescent indicators is not feasible. These luminescent proteins allow visualization of biological phenomena at previously unseen single-cell, organ and whole-body level in animals and plants.
Phase Diagram of the System LaCl3-CaCl2-NaCl (1987)

The phase diagram of ternary system LaCl 3 -CaCl 2 -NaCl has been constructed from the phase diagrams of the three binary systems and of thirteen quasi-binary systems determined by DTA. For the binaries LaCl 3 -CaCl 2 and CaCl 2 -NaCl eutectic points were observed at 651 °C , 35.1 mol% LaCl 3 and at 508 °C , 49.9 mol% NaCl, respectively. For LaCl 3 -NaCl, a peritectic point besides the eutectic point at 545 °C , 36.1 mol% LaCl 3 was found at 690 °C , 57.5 mol%, which is attributable to the formation of the peritectic compound 3 LaCl 3 · NaCl. The phase diagram of the ternary system has a ternary eutetic point and a ternary peritectic point due to 3 LaCl 3 -NaCl, the form er at 462 °C and 12.1 - 3 9 .7 - 4 8 .2 mol% (LaCl 3 -CaCl 2 -NaCl) and the latter at 612 °C and 26.9 - 55.1 - 18.0 mol%.
Reduction in the numbers of drugs administered to elderly in‐patients with polypharmacy by a multidisciplinary review of medication using electronic medical records (2016)

Multidisciplinary medication review using electronic medical records could significantly reduce the numbers of drugs taken by elderly inpatients receiving polypharmacy, including drugs associated with falls, in both fallers and non-fallers Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 653-658.
ChemInform Abstract: The Fe0 Promoted Addition of CCl4 and CCl3Br to Olefins. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IMMU-22. REPROGRAMMING OF MICROGLIA/MACROPHAGES IN GLIOBLASTOMA IMPROVES ANTI-TUMOR T CELL RESPONSES (2022)

Abstract Glioma-infiltrating myeloid cells such microglia and macrophages (GAM) are a major component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma (GBM). Especially their anti-inflammatory M2-like activation state might counteract efficacy of immunotherapeutic interventions by impairing effector T cell infiltration and function. Therefore, we studied the ability of the small molecule inhibitors (SMI) PLX3397, BLZ945, and GW2580 that target the M2-associated colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) to shape GAM phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype and how this affects the T cell compartment.Upon treatment of freshly isolated CD11b-sorted GBM patient-derived GAMs (n = 15) a decreased expression of CD163 (M2-like) and an increased expression of HLA-DR (M1-like) as well as an increased nitrite production as an indirect measure for iNOS activation (M1-like) was observed which was most pronounced for BLZ945, and GW2580. Transcriptome analysis of treated vs. untreated GAMs supported a reprogramming towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In addition, treatment of GAMs in a GBM patient-derived tumor organoid model confirmed a substantial decrease of CD163+ M2-polarized GAM together with a reduced number of proliferating tumor cells. Finally, treatment of patient-derived GAMs led to an increased T cell transmigration through a dense barrier of autologous tumor-derived endothelial cells and increased the ability of T cells to kill autologous tumor cells. Our results support CSF1R blockade is able to reduce the immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic functions of GAM substantially and thereby could enhance the effectiveness of T cell-based immunotherapy.
<title>Chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) thermal management</title> (1995)

The chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) has been studied at the Phillips Laboratory since its invention in 1978. One of the most difficult challenges in COIL technology is to produce constant power for more than a few seconds; an essential feature for most applications. The key to developing a laser with these operational characteristics is management of the heat released during the production of singlet delta oxygen. Approximately 10 joules is deposited into the singlet delta oxygen generator (SOG) for every joule extracted as laser power. A recent test series demonstrated run times of 120 seconds at 9 kW by controlling the SOG reaction temperature with a flowing aqueous solution of cold hydroperoxide (BHP). This method of managing the energy released is quite effective but requires a large reservoir of cold BHP.
Temperature dependence of the electron-hole-liquid luminescence in Si (1976)

Detailed measurements and line-shape fits of the combined LO- and TO-phonon assisted electron-hole condensate luminescence lines from laser-excited, high-purity Si are reported in the temperature range from 2.2 to 13.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. These data permit a determination of the liquid density $n$, chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$, the Fermi energy ${E}_{F}$, and the work function $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, as functions of temperature. Fitting of these data to the ${T}^{2}$ dependence expected from Fermi-liquid theory gives $n(T)=[3.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\ensuremath{-}(1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{T}^{2}]\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; $\ensuremath{\mu}(T)=[(1088.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)+\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{}\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{TO}}\ensuremath{-}(5.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{T}^{2}]$ meV; ${E}_{F}(T)=[22.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\ensuremath{-}(8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{T}^{2}]$ meV; and $\ensuremath{\varphi}(T)=[8.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1+(5.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}{T}^{2}]$ meV, where $T$ is in degrees Kelvin, and $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{}\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{TO}}$ is the energy of the TO phonon assisting in the recombination. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the density gives a value for the second derivative of the ground-state energy per pair with respect to a density of 4.9 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}37}$ meV ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$. The value of the density and work function at zero temperature, and the values of the coefficients of the various ${T}^{2}$ terms are compared with various theoretical calculations.
A miniaturized fiber-coupled terahertz endoscope system (2009)

In this study, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a miniaturized optical fiber-coupled terahertz (THz) endoscope system. The endoscopic system utilized a photoconductive generator and detector driven by a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. In reflection mode, the endoscope showed a high signal-to-noise ratio and a wide frequency spectrum similar to the conventional THz time-domain spectroscopic system. The cross section of the endoscope including generator and detector head is (2 x 4 mm) x 6 mm, which is small enough to be inserted into a human body. For a feasibility test, the endoscopic system was used to measure reflective THz signals from the side wall of the mouth, tongue, and palm skin as well as from water for comparison. The absorption and refractive index of the side wall of the mouth and tongue were similar to those of water but those of the palm skin were less than water.
Bulging of Rubber through Apertures (1991)

Abstract 1. When rubber bulges through an aperture, the bulge height varies linearly with applied pressure. It also varies linearly with radius or width of the aperture when the dimensions of the rubber block are much larger than the aperture, in good agreement with linear elasticity theory. When the block is not much larger than the radius or width of the aperture, a simple empirical factor provides a satisfactory correction. 2. FEM results were in good agreement with experiment in all cases and confirmed the empirical correction for relatively large apertures. 3. Bulge profiles were calculated to be elliptical in all cases. 4. Results for an elastic solid are wholly consistent with Roscoe's results for a viscous liquid. 5. Changing slip conditions at the interface had a surprisingly small effect. The exact theory, Equations (5) and (7), is based upon a nonslip condition. When a fully lubricated condition was employed instead, so that free sliding was allowed at the interface, the maximum bulge heights predicted by FEM were only about 5% higher than before for a circular aperture and about 12% higher for a slit. Experimental observations of bulge heights with dry and lubricated interfaces were in good agreement with these predictions. 6. Bulge heights through small apertures provide a simple means of measuring pressure at contact surfaces.
Human cDNA‐Expressed Cytochrome P450 IA2: Mutagen Activation and Substrate Specificity (1989)

The vaccinia virus cDNA expression system was used to produce human cytochrome P450 IA2 in a hepatoma cell line that is devoid of significant basal levels of P450. The expressed enzyme yielded a reduced carbon monoxide-bound difference spectrum with a lambda max of 449 nm. Catalytic activities and mutagen activation ability of the human enzyme were assessed and directly compared with results obtained with the orthologous mouse IA2, which was also expressed using vaccinia virus. Both the human and mouse enzymes were able to catalyze efficiently the p-hydroxylation of aniline. Mouse IA2 also catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, and its activity was sevenfold greater than expressed human IA2. The mouse and human enzymes also activated several promutagens and procarcinogens. Mouse IA2 was five- to sevenfold more active than the human enzyme for activation of the procarcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol and the promutagens Glu-P-2 and Trp-P-1. Comparable activities were observed with 2-aminoanthracene, 2-aminofluorene, and Glu-P-1. These data demonstrate the utility of cDNA expression for examining the activities of human P450s and further suggest potentially important differences in catalytic activities of orthologous P450s found in different species.
Designing Microporus Carbons for Hydrogen Storage Systems (2012)

An efficient, cost-effective hydrogen storage system is a key enabling technology for the widespread introduction of hydrogen fuel cells to the domestic marketplace. Air Products, an industry leader in hydrogen energy products and systems, recognized this need and responded to the DOE 'Grand Challenge' solicitation (DOE Solicitation DE-PS36-03GO93013) under Category 1 as an industry partner and steering committee member with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in their proposal for a center-of-excellence on Carbon-Based Hydrogen Storage Materials. This center was later renamed the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence (HSCoE). Our proposal, entitled 'Designing Microporous Carbons for Hydrogen Storage Systems,' envisioned a highly synergistic 5-year program with NREL and other national laboratory and university partners.
The logic of automata (1956)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/3967/5/bab6288.0001.001.pdf
DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE IS A NOVEL PHARMACOLOGIC INDUCER OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN VITRO (1999)

Society Of Critical Care Medicine 29Th Educational And Scientific Symposium; Orlando, Florida, Usa; February 11-15, 2000: Oral Presentations
Novel Semisynthetic Derivatives of Bile Acids as Effective Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitors (2018)

An Important task in the treatment of oncological and neurodegenerative diseases is the search for new inhibitors of DNA repair system enzymes. Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is one of the DNA repair system enzymes involved in the removal of DNA damages caused by topoisomerase I inhibitors. Thus, reducing the activity of Tdp1 can increase the effectiveness of currently used anticancer drugs. We describe here a new class of semisynthetic small molecule Tdp1 inhibitors based on the bile acid scaffold that were originally identified by virtual screening. The influence of functional groups of bile acids (hydroxy and acetoxy groups in the steroid framework and amide fragment in the side chain) on inhibitory activity was investigated. In vitro studies demonstrate the ability of the semisynthetic derivatives to effectively inhibit Tdp1 with IC<sub>50</sub> up to 0.29 µM. Furthermore, an excellent fit is realized for the ligands when docked into the active site of the Tdp1 enzyme.
IPASS: Intelligent pavement signaling System (2012)

Traditional radio frequency based wireless communication/ localization suffers from environmental effects such as multipath propagation. We introduce a robust wireless communication methodology which utilizes the physical world itself to convey information. Our proposed intelligent pavement signaling system (iPASS) places irregularities on pavement in order to encode different messages that can be deciphered in real time by an application running on e.g., a phone. iPASS utilizes available accelerometers, e.g., in today's smartphones, that can detect even small vibrations from the inside of a car that are produced by driving over irregularities on the road. Our feasibility study illustrates that iPASS can successfully decode a 5 bit message using a conventional smartphone when cruising at various speeds.
Cytotoxic and NF-κB Inhibitory Constituents of the Stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense and Their Semisynthetic Analogues (2011)

A new caged xanthone (1), a new prenylxanthone (2), seven known xanthones, and a known sterol glucoside were isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, collected in Vietnam. Compounds 1 and 2 were determined structurally by analysis of their spectroscopic data. In addition, five new (10 and 16-19) and eight known prenylated xanthone derivatives were synthesized from the known compounds α-mangostin (3) and cochinchinone A (6). Several of these substances were found to be cytotoxic toward HT-29 human colon cancer cells, with the most potent being 3,6-di-O-acetyl-α-mangostin (8, ED50, 1.0 μM), which was tested further in an in vivo hollow fiber assay, but found to be inactive at the highest dose used (20 mg/kg; ip). Of the substances evaluated in a NF-κB p65 inhibition assay, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,4-diisoprenylxanthone (5) exhibited the most potent activity (IC50, 2.9 μM). In a mitochondrial transmembrane potential assay, two new compounds, 1 (IC50, 3.3 μM) and 10 (IC50, 1.4 μM), and two known compounds, 3 (α-mangostin, IC50, 0.2 μM) and 11 (3,6-di-O-methyl-α-mangostin, IC50, 0.9 μM), were active. A preliminary analogue development study showed that 3,6-diacetylation and 6-benzoylation both slightly increased the cytotoxicity of α-mangostin (3), whereas methylation reduced such activity. In contrast, neither acetylation, benzoylation, nor methylation enhanced the cytotoxicity of cochinchinone A (6).