gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secrecy Analysis for Spatial Modulation: Transmission Scheme and Performance Evaluation (2021)

In this letter, a novel transmission scheme for spatial modulation (SM) is proposed to enhance the security of wiretap channel. In this scheme, partial channel state information (CSI) of the legitimate channel is exploited by the transmitter (Tx) to dynamically adapt the spatial and signal constellations mapping patterns that are unknown to Eve. Thus, Eve cannot successfully decode the confidential information over the wiretap channel. Further, an important virtue of the proposed transmission scheme, Tx does not need to know the full CSI of Eve and legitimate channels. To demonstrate the security guaranteed by the proposed scheme, bit error rate, secrecy rate, and secrecy outage probability are evaluated.
Modulated single-bubble sonoluminescence: Dependence of phase of flashes, their intensity and rise/decay times on viscosity, the modulation strength, and frequency (2004)

The single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) signal was studied for the case of driving frequency modulated by lower frequency with an offset. In our work, the driving frequency of 28 kHz and the modulation frequencies of 25–1000 Hz were used. The modulation strength of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 was defined as the difference of highest and lowest pressures over modulation period. The measurements were performed for water–glycerol mixtures of various viscosities. The measured SBSL signal appeared as a train of flashes for modulation frequencies below 250 Hz, and as a continuous modulated signal for higher frequencies. At the same frequency, the flashes covered similar phase intervals for different modulation strengths and, accordingly, pressure ranges. At higher glycerol concentrations (up to 24%) both the intensity and the stability of flashes increased, due to damped shape instabilities and reduced dancing; however, the phase interval of flashes remained about the same. Such phase-locked behavior can be explained by translational movements of the bubble due to modulated Bjerknes force and changes in the symmetry of the bubble collapse. The changes in intensities and rise/decay times can serve as a measure of the gas exchange between the bubble and its surroundings during silent and luminescent intervals.
HPLC-LIF for early detection of oral cancer (2003)

At present, the diagnosis of many cancers relies on thesubjective interpretation of morphological changesin biopsy samples. This usually provides only latediagnosis. Early detection, which can provide more
successful therapy, is expected to be possible by identification
of tumour markers in physiological samples.
Immunoassay used at present for this purpose hasseveral drawbacks. It is applicable only for knownmarkers, can usually detect only one marker at atime, and may also fail to detect a marker when there
exist conditions, which may mask or prevent the interactionbetween antigen and the antibody. We havedeveloped a high performance liquid chromatography-laser induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) technique
to detect and record simultaneously spectra andchromatograms of physiological samples, which willenable the detection of multiple ‘markers’ in a singlephysiological sample in a short time. Samples of salivaand serum from normal and oral cancer subjects have
been studied with the set up. The present studies showthat body fluids like saliva and serum of normal, premalignantand malignant subjects have substantiallydifferent protein profiles. By simultaneous recording
of the chromatographic peaks and correspondingfluorescence spectra, it is possible to carry outunambiguous discrimination between normal, premalignantand malignant cases even when markersare present in femto/subfemtomole quantities, whichshould assist in early diagnosis of neoplasia.
Web Services Addressing 1.0 - SOAP Binding (2005)

Web Services Addressing provides transport-neutral mechanisms to address Web services and messages. Web Services Addressing 1.0 - SOAP Binding (this document) defines the binding of the abstract properties defined in Web Services Addressing 1.0 - Core to SOAP Messages.
Pediatric Sleep Apnea: The Overnight Electroencephalogram as a Phenotypic Biomarker (2021)

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder that disrupts sleep and is associated with neurocognitive and behavioral negative consequences, potentially hampering the development of children for years. However, its relationships with sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) have been scarcely investigated. Here, our main objective was to characterize the overnight EEG of OSA-affected children and its putative relationships with polysomnographic measures and cognitive functions. A two-step analysis involving 294 children (176 controls, 57% males, age range: 5-9 years) was conducted for this purpose. First, the activity and irregularity of overnight EEG spectrum were characterized in the typical frequency bands by means of relative spectral power and spectral entropy, respectively: δ<sub>1</sub> (0.1-2 Hz), δ<sub>2</sub> (2-4 Hz), θ (4-8 Hz), α (8-13 Hz), σ (10-16 Hz), β<sub>1</sub> (13-19 Hz), β<sub>2</sub> (19-30 Hz), and γ (30-70 Hz). Then, a correlation network analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships between them, six polysomnography variables (apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory arousal index, spontaneous arousal index, overnight minimum blood oxygen saturation, wake time after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency), and six cognitive scores (differential ability scales, Peabody picture vocabulary test, expressive vocabulary test, design copying, phonological processing, and tower test). We found that as the severity of the disease increases, OSA broadly affects sleep EEG to the point that the information from the different frequency bands becomes more similar, regardless of activity or irregularity. EEG activity and irregularity information from the most severely affected children were significantly associated with polysomnographic variables, which were coherent with both micro and macro sleep disruptions. We hypothesize that the EEG changes caused by OSA could be related to the occurrence of respiratory-related arousals, as well as thalamic inhibition in the slow oscillation generation due to increases in arousal levels aimed at recovery from respiratory events. Furthermore, relationships between sleep EEG and cognitive scores emerged regarding language, visual-spatial processing, and executive function with pronounced associations found with EEG irregularity in δ<sub>1</sub> (Peabody picture vocabulary test and expressive vocabulary test maximum absolute correlations 0.61 and 0.54) and β<sub>2</sub> (phonological processing, 0.74; design copying, 0.65; and Tow 0.52). Our results show that overnight EEG informs both sleep alterations and cognitive effects of pediatric OSA. Moreover, EEG irregularity provides new information that complements and expands the classic EEG activity analysis. These findings lay the foundation for the use of sleep EEG to assess cognitive changes in pediatric OSA.
CGN Management Information Base (MIB) (2011)

This memo describes the Carrier Grade (CGN) Management
Information Base (MIB). It is a complement to the NAT-MIB to cope with
additional requirements for NAT deployed in large scale networks.
Photoamination with Ammonia and Amines (2005)

Ammonia is the simplest nitrogen-containing compound and an essential nitrogen source in biological and industrial synthesis. In biological synthetic pathways, ammonia is playing a crucial role as a biologically available nitrogen source to produce amino acids, nucleotides, and so on in the nitrogen cycle. Ammonia is an easily available industrially important raw material to synthesize nitrogen-containing molecules. Ammonia and amines are photochemically reactive species acting as a base, a reductant, and a nucleophile. Photoamination of Category III reaction using ammonia and amines as nucleophile has been firstly reported in 1985. The photochemical polar addition (PPA) reactions have been extensively investigated using a variety of nucleophiles such as alcohols, water, cyanide ion, and carboxylic acid. A variety of PPA reactions have been investigated since 1960s. The nucleophilic addition of ammonia and amines occurred for not only the localized cation radicals but also the delocalized cation radicals because of strong nucleophilicity, showing that photoamination has much versatility.
SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock (2019)

This proposed classification system is simple, clinically applicable across the care spectrum from pre-hospital providers to intensive care staff but will require future validation studies to assess its utility and potential prognostic implications.
Alteration of Clay Minerals and Zeolites in Hydrothermal Brines (1983)

Abstract Clay minerals and zeolites, candidate backfill minerals for nuclear waste repositories, were treated with saturated NaCl brine and Mg-rich (Mg-Ca-Na-K) brine at 200°C and 300°C for 4 weeks under a confining pressure of 30 MPa. The Al concentrations released in NaCl brine were lower than those in Mg-rich brine at both temperatures indicating that the Mg-rich brine is more acidic than the NaCl brine under these hydrothermal conditions. The Si concentrations in both brines were low because of the relatively acidic conditions developed during the hydrothermal treatment. As determined by X-ray powder diffraction or by specific Cs and Sr sorption measurements, no alteration could be detected in clay minerals treated with NaCl brine at 200°C. Among the zeolites tested, only phillipsite and erionite altered to analcime in NaCl brine at 200°C. Zeolites and most of the clay minerals tested did not alter in the Mg-rich brine treated at 200°C. Vermiculite altered to randomly interstratified vermiculite/K-vermiculite (mica-like) by selective K uptake from the Mg-rich brine. At 300°C, the clay minerals did not greatly alter, whereas the zeolites altered to analcime and/or albite in the presence of the NaCl brine. In the Mg-rich brine, Al-rich montmorillonite from Wyoming did not alter, whereas Al-poor montmorillonite from Texas altered to randomly interstratified montmorillonite/ illite at 300°C. Vermiculite collapsed to form K-vermiculite (~ 10.2 Å) by the selective uptake of K from the Mg-rich brine at 300°C. Most of the zeolites altered to smectites in the Mg-rich brine at 300°C because of the acidic conditions generated by the hydrolysis of Mg. The selective Cs-sorption K d decreased from 11,700 for untreated phillipsite to 240 and 15 for the hydrothermally produced analcime/albite mixtures from the phillipsite at 200° and 300°C, respectively, in NaCl brine. These results suggest that montmorillonites and mordenites are relatively more resistant than vermiculite or other zeolites at elevated temperatures and pressures in concentrated hydrothermal brines expected in a salt repository.
Mosaic chromosome 20q deletions are more frequent in the aging population (2017)

Deletions on the long-arm of chromosome 20, del(20q), are common karyotypic abnormalities in myeloid disorders. Bioinformatic analyses of the B-allele frequency and log R ratio values from genome-wide association data have identified individuals who are mosaic for large structural abnormalities (>2 Mb). We investigated the most common autosomal event, namely mosaic del(20q), in 46 254 nonhematologic cancer cases and 36 229 cancer-free controls. We detected 91 mosaic del(20q) in leukocytes (80%) and buccal material (20%). The mosaic del(20q) mapped to a well-characterized minimally deleted region (MDR) reported in myeloid disorders. Common breakpoint clusters map to the coordinates of 29.9 to 31.5 Mb on the centromeric side of mosaic del(20q), and 42.0 to 45.4 Mb and 48.1 to 50.7 Mb on the telomeric end (GRCh36). Multivariate analyses suggest del(20q) increases with age, and is more common in males but less common in individuals of African ancestry. No conclusive associations were noted between the presence of mosaic del(20q) and subsequent solid tumor risk. Our observations demonstrate that the MDR of del(20q) is the most common large scale mosaic autosomal abnormality in whole blood and has a frequency of ∼1 in every 1000 adults over the age of 50, which exceeds the expected incidence of myeloid leukemia in the population. Our results indicate that subclonal mosaic events of a region implicated in myeloid disorders on 20q are more frequent than the predicted population-estimated incidence of myeloid diseases, and thus suggest that these events can be tolerated until additional events accumulate that drive myeloid disorders.
Role of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in gastrointestinal tract function and disease (2008)

PPARbeta/delta (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta) is one of three PPARs in the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that are collectively involved in the control of lipid homoeostasis among other functions. PPARbeta/delta not only acts as a ligand-activated transcription factor, but also affects signal transduction by interacting with other transcription factors such as NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB). Constitutive expression of PPARbeta/delta in the gastrointestinal tract is very high compared with other tissues and its potential physiological roles in this tissue include homoeostatic regulation of intestinal cell proliferation/differentiation and modulation of inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Analysis of mouse epithelial cells in the intestine and colon has clearly demonstrated that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta induces terminal differentiation. The PPARbeta/delta target genes mediating this effect are currently unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that PPARbeta/delta can suppress inflammatory bowel disease through PPARbeta/delta-dependent and ligand-independent down-regulation of inflammatory signalling. However, the role of PPARbeta/delta in colon carcinogenesis remains controversial, as conflicting evidence suggests that ligand activation of PPARbeta/delta can either potentiate or attenuate this disease. In the present review, we summarize the role of PPARbeta/delta in gastrointestinal physiology and disease with an emphasis on findings in experimental models using both high-affinity ligands and null-mouse models.
HiExpan: Task-Guided Taxonomy Construction by Hierarchical Tree Expansion (2019)

Taxonomies are of great value to many knowledge-rich applications. As the manual taxonomy curation costs enormous human effects, automatic taxonomy construction is in great demand. However, most existing automatic taxonomy construction methods can only build hypernymy taxonomies wherein each edge is limited to expressing the "is-a" relation. Such a restriction limits their applicability to more diverse real-world tasks where the parent-child may carry different relations. In this paper, we aim to construct a task-guided taxonomy from a domain-specific corpus and allow users to input a "seed" taxonomy, serving as the task guidance. We propose an expansion-based taxonomy construction framework, namely HiExpan, which automatically generates key term list from the corpus and iteratively grows the seed taxonomy. Specifically, HiExpan views all children under each taxonomy node forming a coherent set and builds the taxonomy by recursively expanding all these sets. Furthermore, HiExpan incorporates a weakly-supervised relation extraction module to extract the initial children of a newly-expanded node and adjusts the taxonomy tree by optimizing its global structure. Our experiments on three real datasets from different domains demonstrate the effectiveness of HiExpan for building task-guided taxonomies.
Advances in network simulation (2000)

Network researchers must test Internet protocols under varied conditions to determine whether they are robust and reliable. The paper discusses the Virtual Inter Network Testbed (VINT) project which has enhanced its network simulator and related software to provide several practical innovations that broaden the conditions under which researchers can evaluate network protocols.
Reactions of acetylenes in superbasic media. Recent advances (2014)

The main advances in the chemistry of acetylene in superbasic media achieved over the last five years are analyzed. Particular emphasis is placed on the ethynylation of aldehydes and ketones and C-, N- and O-vinylation. The cascade assembly of complex molecules in which ethynylation and vinylation are consecutive steps is considered. The bibliography includes 369 references.
The significance of oncogene amplification in primary breast cancer (1989)

Alterations in the gene copy numbers of the proto-oncogenes HER2/neu and c-myc in primary human breast cancer investigated in 73 patients. We detected amplification of HER2/neu in 17 patient samples and amplification of c-myc in 11, while amplification of both was seen in 6 samples. There was no correlation of age, hormone receptor positivity or tumour size with amplification of either proto-oncogene. Amplification of HER2/neu was significantly correlated with the stage of the disease. HER2/neu amplification was observed in 18.5% and 38% of node-negative and node-positive patients, respectively; the association between HER2/neu amplification and advanced stage of the disease was statistically significant (p = 0.05). Since this is a prospective study, the clinical significance of oncogene amplification is not known. The relatively high frequency of HER2/neu amplification points to a functional role in human breast cancer, particularly in the progression of the disease. The method used in our study allows oncogene amplification to be studied in conjunction with hormone receptor determination and thus may be of value in large clinical trials to determine the significance of oncogene abnormalities in breast cancer.
Evidence for a molecular J–J coupling scheme for KI neutral potentials (1975)

We have measured the differential probability of electron spin depolarization for scattering polarized potassium from atomic iodine with several different orientations of the axis of quantization relative to the collision axes. No dependence on this orientation was found, contrary to the predictions of our model for spin depolarization when a strong coupling of the electron spin to the internuclear axis is present during the collision. Consequently, we conclude that the coupling scheme for the lowest neutral states of the KI molecule involved predominantly a coupling of the total electronic spin of the potassium and the total electronic spin of the iodine.
An optimal control approach to reconstruct human gait dynamics from kinematic data (2015)

A common approach to record full-body human movement data is by using marker based motion capture systems. To obtain dynamic gait data such as joint torques and ground reaction forces additional measurement devices have to be employed that pose restrictions on where feet have to be placed during the recording. In this paper we use articulated rigid multibody models and optimal control methods to recover dynamic gait data solely from kinematic data. Our approach is independent from the used marker set and creates the rigid multibody model and computes all controls for the model such that when applied to the model, it closely reproduces the originally recorded motion. To achieve this there are two steps involved: i) create a subject-specific rigid multibody model of the recorded person and used marker set and compute the joint kinematics using inverse kinematics. ii) reconstruct the gait dynamics by solving an optimal control problem. For step i) we created a parameterize human model HEIMAN and a graphical user interface PUPPETEER that facilitates creation of the subject specific model and the motion capture mapping. For ii) we use MUSCOD-II, which implements the direct multiple-shooting method. We apply our method on 15 emotional human walking motions to compare joint angle and torque patterns of different emotions.
정치참여에 대한 두 가지 관점 고찰 (2003)

참여민주주의와 엘리트민주주의는 정치참여에 대하여 상반된 관점을 가진다. 참여민주주의는 시민들의 정치참여를 민주주의의 본질로 보며, 시민들의 정치적 합리성과 참여능력을 긍정한다. 또한 정치참여의 도구적ㆍ통합적ㆍ본질적ㆍ시민교육적 효과를 긍정한다. 이에 반해 엘리트민주주의는 시민들의 정치참여를 민주주의의 부수적인 것으로 보며, 시민들의 정치적 합리성과 참여능력을 부정한다. 정치참여의 효과에 대해서도 도구적 효과 이외의 통합적ㆍ본질적ㆍ시민교육적 효과를 부정한다. 이러한 정치참여에 대한 참여민주주의와 엘리트민주주의의 상반된 쟁점 중 정치참여의 시민교육효과 여부가 핵심이다. 정치참여가 시민교육효과를 갖는다면, 정치참여의 민주주의의 본질성 여부, 시민들의 정치적 합리성과 참여능력 여부, 정치참여의 통합적ㆍ본질적 효과 여부 등에 대한 쟁점이 상당 부분 해결될 수 있을 것이기 때문이다. 이러한 입장에서 본 연구는 정치참여의 시민교육효과에 대해서 슘페터, 사르토리, 베렐슨 등의 엘리트민주주의자의 견해와 루소, 밀, 바아버 등의 참여민주주의자의 견해를 구체적으로 살펴본다. 이와 같은 정치참여에 대한 본 연구의 고찰은 시민교육과 사회과교육에서 정치참여의 필요성과 참여학습의 가치를 인식시킨다.
New Indole Tubulin Assembly Inhibitors Cause Stable Arrest of Mitotic Progression, Enhanced Stimulation of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity, and Repression of Hedgehog-Dependent Cancer (2015)

We designed 39 new 2-phenylindole derivatives as potential anticancer agents bearing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety with a sulfur, ketone, or methylene bridging group at position 3 of the indole and with halogen or methoxy substituent(s) at positions 4-7. Compounds 33 and 44 strongly inhibited the growth of the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing multi-drug-resistant cell lines NCI/ADR-RES and Messa/Dx5. At 10 nM, 33 and 44 stimulated the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. At 20-50 nM, 33 and 44 arrested >80% of HeLa cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with stable arrest of mitotic progression. Cell cycle arrest was followed by cell death. Indoles 33, 44, and 81 showed strong inhibition of the SAG-induced Hedgehog signaling activation in NIH3T3 Shh-Light II cells with IC50 values of 19, 72, and 38 nM, respectively. Compounds of this class potently inhibited tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth, including stimulation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity and repression of Hedgehog-dependent cancer.
The structure of leonotin, a novel furanoid diterpene (1969)

J. D. White, P. S. Manchand and W. B. Whalley, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 1315 DOI: 10.1039/C29690001315
Shifts in Symbiotic Endophyte Communities of a Foundational Salt Marsh Grass following Oil Exposure from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2015)

Symbiotic associations can be disrupted by disturbance or by changing environmental conditions. Endophytes are fungal and bacterial symbionts of plants that can affect performance. As in more widely known symbioses, acute or chronic stressor exposure might trigger disassociation of endophytes from host plants. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of oil exposure following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill on endophyte diversity and abundance in Spartina alterniflora - the foundational plant in northern Gulf coast salt marshes affected by the spill. We compared bacterial and fungal endophytes isolated from plants in reference areas to isolates from plants collected in areas with residual oil that has persisted for more than three years after the DWH spill. DNA sequence-based estimates showed that oil exposure shifted endophyte diversity and community structure. Plants from oiled areas exhibited near total loss of leaf fungal endophytes. Root fungal endophytes exhibited a more modest decline and little change was observed in endophytic bacterial diversity or abundance, though a shift towards hydrocarbon metabolizers was found in plants from oiled sites. These results show that plant-endophyte symbioses can be disrupted by stressor exposure, and indicate that symbiont community disassembly in marsh plants is an enduring outcome of the DWH spill.