gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable Conversion of Topological Spin Texture from Domain Wall Pair for Magnetic Memory Application in Specially Designed Magnetic Nanotracks (2023)

Topological spin textures have drawn intense attention due to interesting fundamental physics and possible application in non-volatile information carriers as well as logic gate devices. Here, in a specially designed race track that consists of three narrow nanotracks connected to a wide nanotrack, we investigate the role of geometry in domain wall (DW) pair to skyrmion conversion using micromagnetic simulation. In particular, tunable DW to skyrmion or fractional skyrmion conversion is achieved for a selected material parameter with a separation length of 10 or 30 nm (or combination of both) between the narrow nanochannels. By suitably varying the spacing between the narrow nanotracks symmetrically and asymmetrically, we control the dynamics of skyrmions and fractional skyrmions along with the trajectory. Interestingly, if the separation length between the top and middle (or middle and bottom) nanochannel is 30 nm, a fractional skyrmion is formed. The DW pair to skyrmion conversion time depends on the separation between the narrow nanochannels, e.g., for 10 nm separation, the conversion time of DW pair to skyrmion from the top nanochannel is ∼0.3 ns, and the same for the 30 nm separation is ∼2 ns. Analysis of the topological number of spin texture suggests the creation of two skyrmions in the case of 10 nm separation between the narrow nanochannels, whereas for 30 nm separation, a skyrmion and a fractional skyrmion are formed. Furthermore, the analysis of total energy and other energy terms shows a non-monotonic variation during the conversion of DW to skyrmion at the junction. Finally, the increase or decrease in the total energy value depends on the formation of skyrmions or fractional skyrmions. Thus, we infer that the enforced geometrical constraints and the interplay of various energies play a crucial role in controlling the topology and skyrmion formation. Based on these findings, we believe that a skyrmion racetrack made up of three nanochannels will help achieve efficient controllable skyrmion dynamics, which may have application potential in magnetic memory operations.
Natural killer (HNK-1+) cells in Chediak-Higashi patients are present in normal numbers but are abnormal in function and morphology. (1982)

Children with the Chediak-Higashi (CH) syndrome are known to have abnormalities of natural killer (NK) cell function. We used the HNK-1 monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with human NK and K cells to distinguish whether this abnormality was due either to a numerical deficiency of NK cells or a defect in their ability to function. In eight CH patients, a significant proportion of their blood mononuclear cells (10--19%) expressed the HNK-1 differentiation antigen. The level of NK cells in the five children with CH syndrome was higher than for age-matched normal controls (15.8% vs. 5.8%, P less than 0.001). When HNK-1+ cells were isolated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, the NK cells from CH patients were a homogeneous population of lymphocytes with a single large granule rather than the multiple small granules seen in Nk cells from normal individuals. The purified HNK-1+ cells from the CH patients had minimal NK or K cell function. The CH syndrome thus includes a functionally defective population of NK cells that retain the capability of expressing the HNK-1 differentiation antigen.
Prader–Willi-Like Phenotype Caused by an Atypical 15q11.2 Microdeletion (2020)

We report a 17-year-old boy who met most of the major Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) diagnostic criteria, including infantile hypotonia and poor feeding followed by hyperphagia, early-onset morbid obesity, delayed development, and characteristic facial features. However, unlike many children with PWS, he had spontaneous onset of puberty and reached a tall adult stature without growth hormone replacement therapy. A phenotype-driven genetic analysis using exome sequencing identified a heterozygous microdeletion of 71 kb in size at chr15:25,296,613-25,367,633, genome build hg 19. This deletion does not affect the <i>SNURF-SNRPN</i> locus, but results in the loss of several of the PWS-associated non-coding RNA species, including the <i>SNORD116</i> cluster. We compared with six previous reports of patients with PWS who carried small atypical deletions encompassing the snoRNA <i>SNORD116</i> cluster. These patients share similar core symptoms of PWS while displaying some atypical features, suggesting that other genes in the region may make lesser phenotypic contributions. Altogether, these rare cases provide convincing evidence that loss of the paternal copy of the <i>SNORD116</i> snoRNA is sufficient to cause most of the major clinical features of PWS.
Indication-Based Ordering: A New Paradigm for Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Inpatients (2008)

Patient parameter and protocol-based clinical decision support, added to computerized provider order entry, has a track record of improving glycemic control indices. This justifies the incorporation of these algorithms into online order management.
Negative stiffness honeycombs for recoverable shock isolation (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of negative stiffness beams when arranged in a honeycomb configuration and to compare the energy absorption capacity of these negative stiffness honeycombs with regular honeycombs of equivalent relative densities. Design/methodology/approach – A negative stiffness honeycomb is fabricated in nylon 11 using selective laser sintering. Its force-displacement behavior is simulated with finite element analysis and experimentally evaluated under quasi-static displacement loading. Similarly, a hexagonal honeycomb of equivalent relative density is also fabricated and tested. The energy absorbed for both specimens is computed from the resulting force-displacement curves. The beam geometry of the negative stiffness honeycomb is optimized for maximum energy absorption per unit mass of material. Findings – Negative stiffness honeycombs exhibit relatively large positive stiffness, followed by a region of plateau stress as the cell walls buckle, similar to regular hexagonal honeycombs, but unlike regular honeycombs, they demonstrate full recovery after compression. Representative specimens are found to absorb about 65 per cent of the energy incident on them. Optimizing the negative stiffness beam geometry can result in energy-absorbing capacities comparable to regular honeycombs of similar relative densities. Research limitations/implications – The honeycombs were subject to quasi-static displacement loading. To study shock isolation under impact loads, force-controlled loading is desirable. However, the energy absorption performance of the negative stiffness honeycombs is expected to improve under force-controlled conditions. Additional experimentation is needed to investigate the rate sensitivity of the force-displacement behavior of the negative stiffness honeycombs, and specimens with various geometries should be investigated. Originality/value – The findings of this study indicate that recoverable energy absorption is possible using negative stiffness honeycombs without sacrificing the high energy-absorbing capacity of regular honeycombs. The honeycombs can find usefulness in a number of unique applications requiring recoverable shock isolation, such as bumpers, helmets and other personal protection devices. A patent application has been filed for the negative stiffness honeycomb design.
A facile method of achieving low surface coverage of Au nanoparticles on an indium tin oxide electrode and its application to protein detection (2008)

Low surface coverage of Au nanoparticles on an indium tin oxide electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection was achieved using electrostatic adsorption of AuCl4− followed by reduction.
Multi-View Depth Map Estimation With Cross-View Consistency (2014)

)# 1.790 1.722 1.626 1.602 1.092 1.179 1.099 Mean Rel. Error of LP+HF+CVF on Pixels of Other Methods ( 10 3)# 1.102 1.068 1.142 1.292 1.319 1.368
Anomalous Magneto-optical Hysteresis Loops of Sputtered Gd-Co Films (1976)

Hysteresis loop anomaly in Gd-Co films has been studied by measuring magneto-optical Kerr loops at a temperature range from 20 to 60°C. Anomalous loops were observed at one surface of the films and in a certain temperature range. The other surface always gave normal loops. All the features of the observed anomalous loops can be explained by a magnetization gradient model along the film thickness.
Validating bladder cancer xenograft bioluminescence with magnetic resonance imaging requires correction for hypoperfusion, hypoxia and necrosis. (2007)

493 Purpose: Bioluminescent imaging allows longitudinal assessment of tumor burden in orthotopic tumor models. One limitation we have encountered in bladder xenografts is poor correlation between tumor size (weight or volume) and luminescence in several cell lines. We wished to confirm this discrepancy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that the lack of correlation was due to hypoxia and necrosis in the tumors. Materials and Methods: Orthotopic bladder tumors were established in 5 week old nude mice with 100,000 KU7 or 500,000 253J-BV cells (10 mice each) that had been previously transduced with a lentiviral luciferase construct. Bioluminescence (In Vivo Imaging System, Xenogen Corp., Almeda, CA) and MRI imaging (Bruker Biospin 4.7T scanner) were performed weekly within 24 hours of each other. Tumor volume was calculated from T1 and T2 weighted images at each time point and dynamic contrast studies were completed for the final two time points. The mice were sacrificed at four weeks 45 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg piminidazole. The tumors were excised, weighed and frozen whole. Step sections were obtained at 1 mm intervals. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis of piminidazole adduct formation were performed to assess hypoxia and necrosis. CD31 staining was used to quantitate vascularity. Relative areas of each section containing total tumor, hypoxic tumor and necrotic tumor were quantitated with ImagePro software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) Results: KU7 xenograft bioluminescence showed minimal correlation to tumor volume on MRI during the first two weeks of imaging but none thereafter (R 2 2 =0.93 at 4 weeks) in 253J-BV xenografts, where hypoxia and necrosis were less prominent. MRI tumor volume tripled in size between the first and second week in KU7 but remained constant in 253J-BV. Conclusion: The correlation between tumor bioluminescence and tumor size depends on the growth kinetics of the individual cell line used in xenograft studies. These parameters do not correlate in xenografts that rapidly outgrow their vascular supply and develop broad areas of hypoxia and necrosis. In these cases, however, the bioluminescence does yield information about the amount of viable tumor, and should therefore still be considered a useful parameter.
PIE: A lightweight control scheme to address the bufferbloat problem (2013)

Bufferbloat is a phenomenon where excess buffers in the network cause high latency and jitter. As more and more interactive applications (e.g. voice over IP, real time video conferencing and financial transactions) run in the Internet, high latency and jitter degrade application performance. There is a pressing need to design intelligent queue management schemes that can control latency and jitter; and hence provide desirable quality of service to users. We present here a lightweight design, PIE (Proportional Integral controller Enhanced), that can effectively control the average queueing latency to a reference value. The design does not require per-packet extra processing, so it incurs very small overhead and is simple to implement in both hardware and software. In addition, the design parameters are self-tuning, and hence PIE is robust and optimized for various network scenarios. Simulation results, theoretical analysis and Linux testbed results show that PIE can ensure low latency and achieve high link utilization under various congestion situations.
Normal Integration via Inverse Plane Fitting with Minimum Point-to-Plane Distance (2021)

This paper presents a surface normal integration method that solves an inverse problem of local plane fitting. Surface reconstruction from normal maps is essential in photometric shape reconstruction. To this end, we formulate normal integration in the camera coordinates and jointly solve for 3D point positions and local plane displacements. Unlike existing methods that consider the vertical distances between 3D points, we minimize the sum of squared point-to-plane distances. Our method can deal with both orthographic or perspective normal maps with arbitrary boundaries. Compared to existing normal integration methods, our method avoids the checkerboard artifact and performs more robustly against natural boundaries, sharp features, and outliers. We further provide a geometric analysis of the source of artifacts that appear in previous methods based on our plane fitting formulation. Experimental results on analytically computed, synthetic, and real-world surfaces show that our method yields accurate and stable reconstruction for both orthographic and perspective normal maps <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Cu3BTC2 Thin Films Before and After Reaction with TCNQ (2018)

HKUST-1 or Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is a prototypical metal-organic framework (MOF) that holds a privileged position among MOFs for device applications, as it can be deposited as thin films on various substrates and surfaces. Recently, new potential applications in electronics have emerged for this material when HKUST-1 was demonstrated to become electrically conductive upon infiltration with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). However, the factors that control the morphology and reactivity of the thin films are unknown. Here, we present a study of the thin-film growth process on indium tin oxide and amorphous Si prior to infiltration. From the unusual bimodal, non-log-normal distribution of crystal domain sizes, we conclude that the nucleation of new layers of Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> is greatly enhanced by surface defects and thus difficult to control. We then show that these films can react with methanolic TCNQ solutions to form dense films of the coordination polymer Cu(TCNQ). This chemical conversion is accompanied by dramatic changes in surface morphology, from a surface dominated by truncated octahedra to randomly oriented thin platelets. The change in morphology suggests that the chemical reaction occurs in the liquid phase and is independent of the starting surface morphology. The chemical transformation is accompanied by 10 orders of magnitude change in electrical conductivity, from <10<sup>-11</sup> S/cm for the parent Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> material to 10<sup>-1</sup> S/cm for the resulting Cu(TCNQ) film. The conversion of Cu<sub>3</sub>BTC<sub>2</sub> films, which can be grown and patterned on a variety of (nonplanar) substrates, to Cu(TCNQ) opens the door for the facile fabrication of more complex electronic devices.
Anomalous diffraction doublet from gold films on graphite substrates (1974)

Abstract This communication reports the occurrence of anomalous paired diffraction spots and image fringes from thin gold films on graphite substrates. The observations are considered with regard to their possible origin.
Preempting Justice through Binding Arbitration of Future Disputes: Mere Adhesion Contracts or a Trap for the Unwary Consumer (1993)

When individual consumers with little or no bargaining power have not consented to particular contractual terms, the use of the courts and judicial interpretations may be the only way to promote justice and allow consumers to protect themselves. Unfortunately, the trend, as established in recent United States Supreme Court decisions, is to apply the deferential standards of enforcement from commercial transactions to situations involving adhesion contracts between an individual consumer and a business entity where equal bargaining power is clearly lacking. Perhaps the most pervasive example of this trend has been the Supreme Court's zealous enforcement of arbitration clauses under the Federal Arbitration Act ("FAA"). The increased use of arbitration, like many other forms of alternative dispute resolution ("ADR"), has become a preferred method for those who suggest that there might be "a better way" for resolving litigation disputes. Concerns over this country's "litigation explosion" may have fostered the growth of ADR; many foes of the litigation process are enrolling in the ADR movement." The proponents of ADR suggest that arbitration is a fast, effective means for resolving disputes without the delays and exorbitant costs of litigation. Because of these purported benefits, several jurists, scholars, and practitioners are joining the ADR ranks. As a result, many new firms and businesses are surfacing to take advantage of the big money involved in ADR services. Section II of the Article defines the problem with adhesion agreements to arbitrate future consumer disputes. Section III of the Article provides a framework for analyzing these adhesion agreements and suggests appropriate responses to correct current problems in this area. Finally, this Article concludes that requiring knowing and voluntary consent to an arbitration clause is the only just method that gives both consumers and merchants a clear choice in determining the appropriate forum for resolving their disputes.
Differentiation, Organogenesis, and the Tectonics of Cell Wall Orientation. III. Theoretical Considerations of Cell Wall Mechanics (1974)

This paper is concerned with the relationship between cell wall orientation in dividing tissues and stress. An examination of the possible orientations of a cell-plate in a cell under axial stress reveals that only one orientation passing through the center of the cell can be completely free from shear stress, thus providing a favored plane for the positioning of an hypothetical, shear-sensitive, cell-plate precursor. From this principle of shear-free partitioning, and the three basic rules of stress behavior along free boundaries, it is possible to predict certain features of cell wall orientation along free edges and epidermal surfaces and in some simple apices. The possible significance of the widespread phenomenon of axillary induction of bud formation is discussed in terms of the generation of stresses at the base of the axillant leaf, and the general efficacy of mechanical stress as a spontaneously arising morphogenetic trigger is considered.
Managing the data-base environment (1983)

Martin describes techniques for managing present and future databases and shows how to move to a database environment. The book features actual success and failure conversations.
An efficient pipelined fft architecture (2003)

This paper presents an efficient VLSI architecture of the pipeline fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor based on radix-4 decimation-in-time algorithm with the use of digit-serial arithmetic units. By combining both the feedforward and feedback commutator schemes, the proposed architecture can not only achieve nearly 100% hardware utilization, but also require much less memory compared with the previous digit-serial FFT processors. Furthermore, in FFT processors, several modules of ROM are required for the storage of twiddle factors. By exploiting the redundancy of the factors, the overall ROM size can be effectively reduced by a factor of 2.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Modern Aspects of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment (2014)

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a devastating complication. Despite improvements in our understanding of PJI, the prevalence of this complication has not decreased in recent years, with various authors reporting rates of 1 to 2% after primary TJA and up to 7% following revision TJA. While the volume of publications, symposiums, and presentations on PJI is vast, controversy still remains regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with PJI. The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct summary of the recent literature on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of a PJI after TJA.
Functional Differentiation of Adult-Born Neurons along the Septotemporal Axis of the Dentate Gyrus: Figure 1. (2015)

Over the past several decades, the proliferation and integration of adult-born neurons into existing hippocampal circuitry has been implicated in a wide range of behaviors, including novelty recognition, pattern separation, spatial learning, anxiety behaviors, and antidepressant response. In this review, we suggest that the diversity in behavioral requirements for new neurons may be partly caused by separate functional roles of individual neurogenic niches. Growing evidence shows that the hippocampal formation can be compartmentalized not only along the classic trisynaptic circuit, but also along a longitudinal septotemporal axis. We suggest that subpopulations of hippocampal adult-born neurons may be specialized for distinct mnemonic- or mood-related behavioral tasks. We will examine the literature supporting a functional and anatomical dissociation of the hippocampus along the longitudinal axis and discuss techniques to functionally dissect the roles of adult-born hippocampal neurons in these distinct subregions.
Computer Vision and Human-Computer Interaction (1998)

From the Publisher:
Recent advances in the field of computer vision are leading to novel changes in the way we interact with computers. It will soon be possible to enable a computer linked to a video camera to detect the presence of users, track faces, arms and hands in real time, and analyse expressions and gestures. The implications for interface design are immense and are expected to have major repurcussions for all areas where computers are used, from the work place to recreation.This book collects the ideas and algorithms from the world's leading scientists, offering a glimpse of the radical changes that are round the corner and which will change the way we will interact with computers.
Influence of the phototropism over the egg laying rhythm and emergence of three Trichogramma species (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) (1991)

The egg parasites of the genus Trichogramma (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), are important Biological auxiliaries used in over 20 million acres, in more the 20 countries around the word, for the control of agricultural pest namely lepidopterans (Trichogramma News, 1988), having Portugal a contribution of over 400 acres in 1990. The obtainment of the necessary amounts of Trichogramma with the desired quality, passes fundamentally by the knowledge of its biology and etology as well as by the usage of efficient production techniques. In this time, the influence of the photoperiod’s over the egg laying rhythm and emergence of three Trichogramma species. Trichogramma biesi VOEGELÉ, T. maidis PINTUREAU & VOEGELÉ and T. embryophagum HARTIG, accepted as representatives for three vegetables extracts, respectively of low medium and high altitudes, where studied.