gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimode Theory of Graded-Core Fibers (1973)

New technologies of fiber manufacture and a demand for unusual fiber qualities in communication systems have intensified the interest in a comprehensive theory of multimode fibers with nonuniform index distributions. This paper deals with a general class of circular symmetric profiles which comprise the parabolic distribution and the abrupt core-cladding index step as special cases. We obtain general results of useful simplicity for the impulse response, the mode volume, and the near- and far-field power distributions. We suggest a modified parabolic distribution for best equalization of mode delay differences. The effective width of the resulting impulse is more than four times smaller than that produced by the parabolic profile. Of course, practical manufacturing tolerances are likely to influence this distribution. A relation is derived between the maximum index error and the impulse response.
Comparing Active Shape Models with Active Appearance Models (1999)

Statistical models of the shape and appearance of image structures can be matched to new images using both the Active Shape Model [7] algorithm and the Active Appearance Model algorithm [2]. The former searches along profiles about the current model point positions to update the current estimate of the shape of the object. The latter samples the image data under the current instance and uses the difference between model and sample to update the appearance model parameters. In this paper we compare and contrast the two algorithms, giving the results of experiments testing their performance on two data sets, one of faces, the other of structures in MR brain sections. We find that the ASM is faster and achieves more accurate feature point location than the AAM, but the AAM gives a better match to the texture.
Mechanical properties and in vitro degradation of bioresorbable knitted stents (2002)

The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties and in vitro degradation of bioresorbable knitted stents. Each stent was knitted using a single self-reinforced fibre made out of either PLLA or 96L/4D PLA or 80L/20G PLGA. The mechanical and physical properties of the fibres and stents were measured before and after gamma sterilization, as well as during in vitro degradation. The mechanical properties of the knitted stents made out of bioresorbable fibres were similar to those of commercially available metallic stents. The knitting geometry (loop height) had a marked effect on the mechanical properties of the stents. The rate of in vitro degradation in mechanical and physical properties for the PLLA and 96L/4D PLA stents was similar and significantly lower than that of the 80L/20G PLGA stents. The 80L/20G PLGA stents lost about 35% of their initial weight at 11 weeks. At this time, they had lost all their compression resistance strength. These data can be used as a guideline in planning further studies in vivo.
Introducing TAM: Time-Based Access Memory (2022)

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The increase in processor speed achieved by continuous improvements in technology is causing major obstacles to the parallel processors implemented inside the chip. The time spent in servicing all the cache misses from all processors from a slow shared memory limits the performance gain of parallel processors. We propose a new memory system that makes all of its content available to processors, so that processors need not to access the shared memory in a serial fashion. Rather than having one processor access a single location in the shared memory at a time, we force each location to be available to all processors at a specific time. This new memory system is fast and simple, because it does not need decoders and can use the DRAM or SRAM technology efficiently as the access of each location is known ahead of time. Results show that this new memory improves a single processor performance by 350% and the performance of eight parallel processors by 2400%. The new memory decouples the slow memory from the fast processor and makes the parallel processors scalable to an infinite number of processors.&lt;/p&gt;
Qi-therapy, chaotic characteristics of peripheral blood pressure and biochemical variables (2004)

We investigated the effect of Qi therapy (QT) on peripheral blood pressure (PBP), glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cortisol concentrations. Fourteen college students participated in receiving QT and placebo treatment. There were significant differences in embedding dimension of PBP. Plasma cortisol concentrations during QT were significantly lower than during control sessions (P<O.05). These findings suggest that QT may reduce stess level and stabilize the autonomic nervous system. Whether QT have permanent effects and effects in patients need controlled and prospective studies.
Trajectory correction based on the gradient impulse response function improves high‐resolution UTE imaging of the musculoskeletal system (2020)

The presented GIRF-based trajectory correction method using standard scanner hardware can improve the quality of high-resolution UTE musculoskeletal imaging.
Evaluating attenuation correction strategies in a dedicated, single-gantry breast PET-tomosynthesis scanner (2020)

We are developing a dedicated, combined breast positron emission tomography (PET)-tomosynthesis scanner. Both the PET and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) scanners are integrated in a single gantry to provide spatially co-registered 3D PET-tomosynthesis images. The DBT image will be used to identify the breast boundary and breast density to improve the quantitative accuracy of the PET image. This paper explores PET attenuation correction (AC) strategies that can be performed with the combined breast PET-DBT scanner to obtain more accurate, quantitative high-resolution 3D PET images. The PET detector is comprised of a 32 × 32 array of 1.5 × 1.5 × 15 mm<sup>3</sup> LYSO crystals. The PET scanner utilizes two detector heads separated by either 9 or 11 cm, with each detector head having a 4 × 2 arrangement of PET detectors. GEANT4 Application for Tomographic Emission simulations were performed using an anthropomorphic breast phantom with heterogeneous attenuation under clinical DBT-compression. FDG-avid lesions, each 5 mm in diameter with 8:1 uptake, were simulated at four locations within the breast. Simulations were performed with a scan time of 2 min. PET AC was performed using the actual breast simulation model as well as DBT reconstructed volumetric images to derive the breast outline. In addition to using the known breast density as defined by the breast model, we also modeled it as uniform patient-independent soft-tissue, and as a uniform patient-specific material derived from breast tissue composition. Measured absolute lesion uptake was used to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of performing AC using the various strategies. This study demonstrates that AC is necessary to obtain a closer estimate of the true lesion uptake and background activity in the breast. The DBT image dataset assists in measuring lesion uptake with low bias by facilitating accurate breast delineation as well as providing accurate information related to the breast tissue composition. While both the uniform soft-tissue and patient-specific material approaches provides a close estimate to the ground truth, <5% bias can be achieved by using a uniform patient-specific material to define the attenuation map.
Propylene polymerization through supported metallocene/ MAO catalysts: Kinetic analysis and modelling (1995)

Abstract Several propylene polymerizations are carried out with supported metallocene catalyst, prepared by reaction of silica gel with methylaluminoxane and then with rac ‐dimethylsi‐lanediylbis(indenyl)zirconiumdichloride. The rate–time curves obtained are analyzed to understand the influence of support and triisobutylaluminium on the reaction. As a first attempt to model this system we developed a partially new praticle growth model, based on a shell by shell fragmentation hypothesis (gradual break‐up from the outside to the inside of the particle), and a final multigrain structure of the particle. A kinetic scheme including the TIBA interaction with the supported catalyst is also presented. The model prediction and the experimental data are compared for the rate–time curves and polymer properties. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Flow Visualization in Vertical Intersecting Ducts with a Circular Perforated Zone Inclusive of Splitter (1995)

In this study, experiments in two intersecting ducts with the circular perforated zone inclusive of a splitter are performed to investigate the secondary flow in the perforated zone and the flow separated to the left and right downstream ducts by the splitter. The flow characteristics are clarified in the intersecting ducts with the circular perforated zone inclusive of the splitter. The flow pattern is visualized by the particle tracing method using ion exchange resin.
Effect of Viscosity on Solvent-Free Extrusion Emulsification: Molecular Structure (2017)

A new continuous emulsification technique known as solvent-free extrusion emulsification (SFEE) was recently introduced to prepare submicron particles (100–500 nm) from high viscosity polymers (100–1000 Pa·s) with a twin screw extruder. The present study examined the influence of matrix viscosity on its dispersion mechanism using cross-linked polyester as a viscosity modifier. The investigation used an inline rheometer for transient and steady state viscosity measurements, and offline characterizations including Soxhlet extraction, colorimetric titration, and particle size analysis. Though it remained possible to produce particles close to their target size of 100–200 nm, particle size was notably increased by varying the matrix viscosity from 250 Pa·s for the neat polyester up to 630 Pa·s with the added modifier. The results point to thicker striated lamellae from less effective mixing prior to phase inversion when the matrix viscosity was increased without a corresponding increase in surface active species. The study was primarily focused on the dispersion zone revealing that a longer mixing zone for dispersing the water into the polyester was beneficial to forming smaller particles. A preliminary investigation on the downstream dilution zone was included, finding that a longer region produced smaller particles as well so long as the water temperature remained high.
A theoretical model for template-free synthesis of long DNA sequence (2008)

This theoretical scheme is intended to formulate a potential method for high fidelity synthesis of Nucleic Acid molecules towards a few thousand bases using an enzyme system. Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase, which adds a nucleotide to the 3'OH end of a Nucleic Acid molecule, may be used in combination with a controlled method for nucleotide addition and degradation, to synthesize a predefined Nucleic Acid sequence. A pH control system is suggested to regulate the sequential activity switching of different enzymes in the synthetic scheme. Current practice of synthetic biology is cumbersome, expensive and often error prone owing to the dependence on the ligation of short oligonucleotides to fabricate functional genetic parts. The projected scheme is likely to render synthetic genomics appreciably convenient and economic by providing longer DNA molecules to start with.
A unifying perspective of coherent and non-coherent change detection (2014)

In this paper we present a new generalized <i>family</i> of change detection algorithms for SAR imagery that includes traditional non-coherent and coherent processing as special cases. The parameterized family of algorithms, referred to as partially coherent change detection (PCCD), allows the user to select the level of coherence desired in the change detection algorithm. This and other settings of the algorithm enable one to specify the types of changes that are significant, thereby reducing the number of false alarms due to insignificant changes—such as foliage motion. Algorithm settings may also be applied spatially in order to support spatially varying levels of coherence based on scene content. Examples from synthetic and measured imagery demonstrate the efficacy of the new family of algorithms.
Boundary tracking algorithms for determining the stability of mode-locked pulses (2014)

We develop robust computational methods, referred to as boundary tracking algorithms, that can rapidly determine the existence and stability of pulses in passively mode-locked laser systems over a broad parameter range. Applying the boundary tracking algorithms to the cubic&#x2013;quintic mode-locking equation, we find a rich dynamical structure.
The novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) -1 Inhibitor, BSI-401, has antitumor activity and potentiates oxaliplatin cytotoxic activity in human pancreatic cancer (2007)

B282 Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer mortality among adults in the United States. One of the most promising drugs in PC therapy is oxaliplatin, an organoplatinum molecule, that forms inter- and intrastrand DNA adducts/cross-links and induces a high proportion of DNA single strand breaks. However, the gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination failed to demonstrate a statistically significant advantage compared with single-agent gemcitabine. Development of novel agents and drug combinations are urgently needed. PARP-1 functions as a DNA damage sensor for both single- and double-stranded DNA breaks and plays a key role in many cellular processes including the regulation of DNA repair. PARP-1 also acts as a promoter-specific transcriptional coactivator of NF-κB, a transcription factor constitutively activated in most PC tissues and human PC cell lines. In this study, we describe the antitumor activity of the novel PARP-1 inhibitor BSI-401 alone and in combination with oxaliplatin in PC cell lines and its therapeutic efficacy in PC orthotopic nude mouse models.  The expression of PARP-1 protein was analyzed in thirteen PC cell lines by western blotting. The effect of BSI-401 alone and in combination with oxaliplatin on the proliferation of eight PC cells was determined using a BrdU-ELISA assay. Assessment of synergy was performed according to the method described by Chou and Talalay. To determine whether the PARP-1 activity inhibition by BSI-401 has any inhibitory effects on NF-kB signaling, NF-kB DNA binding activity was evaluated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The therapeutic efficacy of BSI-401 on tumor growth and survival was evaluated in different luciferase- expressing PC orthotopic nude mouse models using an IVIS 100 Imaging System, allowing a quantitative real time monitoring of tumor growth. Mice were monitored daily for signs of toxicity including weight loss, diarrhea, inactivity, ruffled fur, and general appearance.  PARP-1 overexpression was detected in 8 of 13 human pancreatic cancer cell lines but not in immortalized normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. In vitro, BSI-401 alone significantly inhibited the growth of eight PC cell lines, with an IC50 ranging from 5 to 10 uM. A synergistic effect (Combination Index
Ambidentes Verhalten einkerniger Vinylidenrhodium‐Komplexe ‐ neuartige C‐C‐Verknüpfung einer Methyl‐ mit einer Vinylidengruppe (1984)

Als „Metalla‐allen”︁ mit mehreren Koordinationsmöglichkeiten verhält sich die einkernige Spezies 2 ([Rh]C 5 H 5 ( i Pr 3 P)Rh, RH). In 3 überbrückt die CCH 2 ‐Gruppe eine Hetero‐Metall‐Metall‐Bindung, in 1 ist 2 ähnlich wie ein Alken oder Alkin an Rh gebunden. magnified image
Graphene decorated microfiber for ultrafast optical modulation (2015)

We demonstrate ultrafast optical modulation using a single 1-μm-diameter graphene-decorated microfiber, which is fabricated with a convenient and controllable evanescent-field-induced deposition method. Benefitting from the significantly enhanced light-graphene interaction of the subwavelength transvers dimension of the microfiber and accumulation of the saturable absorption of the piled graphene flakes, the microfiber shows nonlinear saturable absorption with a peak power threshold down to 1.75 W (60 MW/cm(2)), with a measured response time of about 3.5 ps.
Direct-inelastic and trapping-desorption scattering of NO(v=0, J) from Ir(111): Angular, velocity, and rotational energy distributions (1985)

Angular, velocity and rotational energy distributions are reported for the scattering of NO from IR(111) at surface temperatures from 100–700 °K. (AIP)
Motor Learning and Practice. (1994)

運動を学習するうえで，練習は欠くことのできない要素である。この練習が人間の運動の何を変化させるのか，そして効率よく練習の効果をあげるにはどのようなことに注意したらよいかについて述べる。また，練習方法の違いがパフォーマンスや学習に対してどのような影響を及ぼすかについて明らかにする。
Analytical study on combustion similarity in different sized diesel engines (1999)

Diesel engine combustion has been widely investigated, but there is little theory of engine size effects. In practice, engine performance of large engines is estimated from experience, without the benefit of model experiments to perform fine optimization. The objective of this research is to determine the possibility of the existence of combustion similarity in differently sized diesel engines, and to propose conditions for realizing model experiments. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study on the possibility of combustion similarity in differently sized diesel engines with fully-turbulent diffusion combustion of spray. Combustion similarity means that the flow pattern and flame distribution develop similarly in differently sized engines. The establishment of a theory of size effects could provide a method for correlation of the vast amount of independent data that are available, and offer opportunity for advances in diesel engine research and design.
Virus‐SiO2 and Virus‐SiO2‐Au Hybrid Particles with Tunable Morphology (2014)

Potato virus X is used as a multifunctional template to form various inorganic hybrid structures with different nano- and mesoscopic architectures. A genetically added peptide induces biomineralization, leading to controlled formation of SiO2, providing virus structures decorated with SiO2 nanoparticles as well as mesoscopic superstructures. The formation of isolated nanoparticles allows for additional targeting via immunogold labeling.
Effect of processing on the properties and morphology of MWCNT-polymer networks (2020)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of processing on the electrical properties and microstructure of MWCNTs/PMMA nanocomposites made by compression molding. Three different mixing methods were used: mechanical, solution, and melt mixing of the same starting materials. The composite microstructures were found to be segregated, agglomerated, and randomly distributed respectively. Electrical property measurements indicate that the mechanically mixed composites have the lowest percolation threshold of 0.05 phr (0.028 vol% MWCNT). Melt mixed composites have the highest percolation threshold of 4 phr (2.161 vol% MWCNT) while solution mixed composites have a percolation threshold of 2 phr (1.102 vol% MWCNT). These results indicate that the segregated microstructure allows for the CNTs to form a percolated network through the composite more easily than the other two methods. Fitted equivalent circuits to the measured impedance spectra show that after percolation the CNTs dominate the electrical properties as represented by an increase in the number of inductance circuit elements. Before or at percolation, the presence of PMMA plays a stronger role in the circuit. This article is novel in that this is the first study where direct comparison of the properties and microstructure of composites fabricated utilizing three different mixing methods using the same source materials can be made.
<title>Acoustic detection of vehicles</title> (1997)

New technologies are being used to provide solutions to old problems in many areas of our society, including the transportation industry. Congestion on highway systems around the world is a growing concern because of the great expense it causes to the transportation industry through time delays and increased operating costs. The cost of congestion has been estimated to be worth billions of dollars annually and causes a great drain on the economy. The development of monitoring technology will provide the ability to address the congestion problem in new and economical ways. This paper discusses the development and applications of a non-intrusive detection technology using passive acoustic sensors. Applications of this non-intrusive technology include traffic management and surveillance for major metropolitan areas, and traffic data collection based on vehicle count, speed, and classification. The SmartSonic<SUP>TM</SUP> passive acoustic detector provides the basic information necessary for a Freeway management system. A summary will be presented of the basic technology and operation of the SmartSonic<SUP>TM</SUP> system, and will examine the results of independent testing performed to evaluate the performance of the system. Independent evaluation indicates that the SmartSonic<SUP>TM</SUP> system is a good alternative to traditional inductive loop technology in applications such as freeway management, providing easy installation and reliable information.
Indium Aluminum Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistor With Al2O3 Dielectric for UV Sensing (2019)

Two bottom-gate indium aluminum zinc oxide thinfilm transistors (TFTs) were fabricated with different dielectric layers. The TFT with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> deposited through atomic layer deposition (ALD) had higher field mobility of 0.48 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s, Ion/Ioff of 9.7 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , and lower subthreshold swing of 0.3 V/dec. The hysteresis of the two devices showed that the device with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> dielectric layer had a lower threshold voltage shift (-0.065 V) compared with that of the device with the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectric layer (-0.352 V). These results revealed that the device with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> dielectric layer had fewer interface traps between the active layer and dielectric layer than the device with the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dielectric layer deposited through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Because of the improvement of interface traps, the device with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> dielectric layer had high responsivity (6.18 A/W) and rejection ratio (1.74 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ); this device has high potential for use in ultraviolet sensing applications.