gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies into the Early Degradation Stages of Cellulose by Different Iron Gall Ink Components (2008)

Abstract Selective fluorescence labelling of oxidized cellulose functionalities followed by GPC‐MALLS was used to get a deeper insight into ink‐induced degradation processes. As the method is very sensitive towards oxidation and molecular weight changes, slight variations at the very beginning of aging processes, e.g. during ink corrosion of cellulose, can be studied. Five different ink modifications were applied on model papers and underwent mild accelerated aging at 55 °C and cycling humidity (7 days) followed by a short period of static humid aging at 80 °C (2 days). Pure ink constituents like tannic acid or iron sulphate do not result in the same degree of oxidation or chain scission as complete inks. Balanced ink degrades paper more than single compounds, but less than unbalanced inks. Interestingly, some degradation occurs already during or shortly after the application process of unbalanced inks on paper. It could be demonstrated that this oxidation proceeded in a rather high Mw area, while the subsequent aging steps affected predominantly regions of shorter cellulose chains.
Hand Gesture Contour Tracking Based on Skin Color Probability and State Estimation Model (2009)

Considering the deficiency of accurate hand gesture contour inaccessible and inefficiency in complex dynamic background in existing methods of hand gesture tracking, a two dimensional skin color probability forecast method is proposed. Based on this, a hand gesture segmentation method of multi-mode and a hand gesture tracking method of state estimation are extended. When hand gesture is segmented, to locate the accurate hand gesture position, this paper combines the Skin Color Probability distribution with the statistical motion information of image blocking. Then the hand region is initiated by the region growth method and the hand gesture segmentation is realized. When hand gesture is tracked, the pixel’s state model is built to estimate the state of pixels after watershed computation . Then the current blocking frame is adaptive threshold segmented and the hand gesture tracking is realized. Experiments show that this method has a strong anti-noise ability in complex background. In addition, it has a better application effect in segment and tracking the hand gesture contour accurately in a real-time way.
Collinear Transient Four-Wave-Mixing and Rabi Flopping in Semiconductors (1994)

The ready availability of sub-picosecond pulses from mode locked lasers has led to a large number of experiments being performed on the coherent interaction between light and extended electronic states in semiconductors and semiconductor heterostructures [1]. In tandem with these experimental efforts the theoretical understanding of these phenomena has also made significant strides [2]. However, one theoretical prediction which has not been directly experimentally observed is the phenomenon of Rabi-flopping in semiconductors [3]. Rabi-flopping is the oscillation of the excited state population induced by a strong light field. Here we present experimental results based on the nonlinear interaction of two copropagating pulses and show that in the theoretical treatment the observed behavior arises from the occurrence of a Rabi flop.
Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification in Diabetic Patients (2009)

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential long-term health and economic consequences of lifestyle interventions for diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A literature search was performed to identify interventions for diabetic patients in which lifestyle issues were addressed. We selected recent (2003-2008), randomized controlled trials with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The long-term outcomes for these interventions, if implemented in the Dutch diabetic population, were simulated with a computer-based model. Costs and effects were discounted at, respectively, 4 and 1.5% annually. A lifelong time horizon was applied. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed, taking account of variability in intervention costs and (long-term) treatment effects. RESULTS Seven trials with 147-5,145 participants met our predefined criteria. All interventions improved cardiovascular risk factors at > or =1 year follow-up and were projected to reduce cardiovascular morbidity over lifetime. The interventions resulted in an average gain of 0.01-0.14 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per participant. Health benefits were generally achieved at reasonable costs (< or =euro50,000/QALY). A self-management education program (X-PERT) and physical activity counseling achieved the best results with > or =0.10 QALYs gained and > or =99% probability to be very cost-effective (< or =euro20,000/QALY). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of lifestyle interventions would probably yield important health benefits at reasonable costs. However, essential evidence for long-term maintenance of health benefits was limited. Future research should be focused on long-term effectiveness and multiple treatment strategies should be compared to determine incremental costs and benefits of one over the other.
Update on clinical gene therapy for hemophilia (2018)

In contrast to other diverse therapies for the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia that are currently in clinical development, gene therapy holds the promise of a lasting cure with a single drug administration. Near-to-complete correction of hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) and hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) have now been achieved in patients by hepatic in vivo gene transfer. Adeno-associated viral vectors with different viral capsids that have been engineered to express high-level, and in some cases hyperactive, coagulation factors were employed. Patient data support that sustained endogenous production of clotting factor as a result of gene therapy eliminates the need for infusion of coagulation factors (or alternative drugs that promote coagulation), and may therefore ultimately also reduce treatment costs. However, mild liver toxicities have been observed in some patients receiving high vector doses. In some but not all instances, the toxicities correlated with a T-cell response directed against the viral capsid, prompting use of immune suppression. In addition, not all patients can be treated because of preexisting immunity to viral capsids. Nonetheless, studies in animal models of hemophilia suggest that the approach can also be used for immune tolerance induction to prevent or eliminate inhibitory antibodies against coagulation factors. These can form in traditional protein replacement therapy and represent a major complication of treatment. The current review provides a summary and update on advances in clinical gene therapies for hemophilia and its continued development.
Modifications Based on Computed Tomographic Imaging in Planning the Radiosurgical Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformations (1993)

Early in the course of treating arteriovenous malformations with radiosurgery, it was noted that the nidus isocenter and diameter, as identified by stereotactic angiography, often differed from that identified by stereotactic enhanced computed tomography (CT). To assess the sources of discrepancy between the arteriographic and CT representations of the nidus, dosimetry (from treatment records stored on an optical disk) was reviewed in 81 consecutive cases. In 44 cases, the isocenters differed by an average of 3.6 mm and the collimator size differed. Fourteen nidi were larger on CT (average, 2.6 mm), and 30 were smaller on CT (average, 4.0 mm). Overall, the angiographic and the CT nidus differed in 75% of the cases reviewed. Sources of error in the angiographic nidus determination included overlapping vessels, bony structures, fine filamentous arterioles, and irregular shapes.
How Often Does Stapedectomy for Otosclerosis Result in Endolymphatic Hydrops? (2016)

The long-term incidence of LFSNHL, a marker for EH, in patients with otosclerosis was not significantly higher in those who underwent stapedectomy. The histologic incidence of EH, however, was significantly higher in TBS that had undergone stapedectomy compared with nonoperated TBS or a control group of TBS.
Magnet Schools as a Strategy for Integration and School Reform (1986)

In July 1986, the authors, attorneys for a student advocacy organization, received a letter from a New York parent who wrote: I have two children. One [my son] attends an elite [public] school.... My daughter, on the other hand, must spend her days at a [public] school for throw-aways. An emotional crisis caused her to have poor attendance in the ninth grade. She did not make an elite school. She didn't even make an "ed op" school .... So now, she is in a school where all the kids have serious attendance and academic problems. While the kids are "enrolled," they have really dropped out. Everyone in the place has problems-and I think the worst problem is that these kids are totally isolated from kids who will stay in school and achieve. My son says that when kids misbehave in his school, the threat is that they have to go to my daughter's school .... Maybe someone might care about "holding pens for rejects!" Maybe kids who need help should be in a viable institution and occasionally see an achieving kid. I wish I lived in the suburbs where both my kids could go to the same school. My daughter's shame about herself, her classmates and her school are a problem that no better teachers, better curriculum and more accountability can overcome.
Definition of masks related to psychovisual features for Video Quality Assessment (2015)

Video Quality Assessment needs to correspond to human perception. Pixel-based metrics (PSNR or MSE) fail in many circumstances for not taking into account the spatio-temporal property of human's visual perception. In this paper we propose a new pixel-weighted method to improve video quality metrics for artifacts evaluation. The method applies a psychovisual model based on motion, level of detail, pixel location and the appearance of human faces, which approximate the quality to the human eye's response. Subjective tests were developed to adjust the psychovisual model for demonstrating the noticeable improvement of an algorithm when weighting the pixels according to the factors analyzed instead of treating them equally. The analysis developed demonstrates the necessity of models adapted to the specific visualization of contents and the model presents an advance in quality to be applied over sequences when a determined artifact is analyzed.
Operational Characteristics of a Small-Scale Novel Hybrid Resistive-Type SFCL With Controlled Power Electronics (2015)

As electric power systems become more complicated, the fault current experiences more frequent changes. To solve this problem, we suggest a novel hybrid-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL). Some issues accompany application of resistive-type SFCLs to electric power systems, including initial installation price, operation and maintenance costs, and high-current problems. To overcome these problems, hybrid SFCLs have been developed in some institutions. This paper presents experimental tests of a novel hybrid-type SFCL composed of a resistive superconducting coil, two thyristors, and a control circuit. The superconducting coil limits the first peak of the fault current, and the thyristors control the magnitude of the fault current other than the first peak by adjusting the firing angles. The interactions between the superconducting coil and the thyristors reduce the use of superconducting wire.
Poster abstract: Routing meets caching in named data networks (2018)

In-network caching is a distinct feature of named data networking (NDN). The current NDN routing protocols, however, still focus on the traditional problem of forwarding content requests to content producers, without explicit support of in-network caching, which will limit NDN's potential and benefits to applications. In this poster, as part of a new routing protocol, we equip the forwarding plane with a path which significantly improves the probability of meeting the cached contents before reaching the producers.
Linear Lesion Formation by ND:YAG Laser Versus Radiofrequency Energy in Porcine Atria (2000)

The efficacy of RF energy versus the neodymium:yittrium aluminum-garnet laser to create linear lesions was compared in fresh ex vivo swine hearts. A total of 598 lesions were created in four locations: ostium of the pulmonary veins, trabeculated lateral left atrium, smooth posterior part of the right atrium, and the isthmus between the inferior vena cava and tricuspid valve. A 400-micron bare quartz fiber with CO2 cooling (distance to the tissue 5, 10, and 15 mm) and an RF ablation catheter (4-mm tip) were mechanically dragged over the tissue at speeds 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm/s. A continuous and transmural ablation line was recorded as successful. A 100% success rate was achieved at the pulmonary veins and the isthmus at some settings of energy delivery by the laser and RF. In the thick posterior right atrium, RF resulted in transmural lesions only when associated with carbonization, while the laser produced successful ablation lines in 100% of the attempts. In the left atrium, because of the presence of prominent trabeculations, RF was unsuccessful at all settings of energy delivery. In contrast, deep photocoagulation by laser resulted in successful ablations in the left atrium in 100% of attempts. Lesion formation was faster by laser ablation and mean lesion width was at least 25% smaller with the laser than with RF. In conclusion, the formation of linear lesions at the isthmus and at the pulmonary veins was successful with the laser and RF. In the trabeculated left atrium and the thick posterior right atrium, only laser ablation was successful.
Antiferroelectric and ferroelectric SmC* phases in racemic mixture (2013)

Antiferroelectric Sm phase can be created at cooling from Iso, SmA* and SmC* phases. When antiferroelectric phase appears from the ferroelectric one, the magnitude of Goldstone mode detected in SmC* is much higher than the amplitude of low frequency PL mode observed in Sm. Due to this fact it is impossible to compare both modes. Such a comparison would be interesting because the mechanism of forming the Goldstone and PL modes seems to be similar. In this article we compare the Goldstone mode with the PL one. It is possible because the new racemic mixture, which shows both SmC* and Sm phases, was prepared. Moreover, the magnitude of the Goldstone mode in the racemate is comparable with the magnitude of PL mode, which makes the comparison possible. The results show that the behavior of PL and Goldstone modes are very similar. The parameters of the Goldstone mode in SmC* and parameters of PL mode in Sm change continuously.
Feasibility Study of Mechanically Adaptive Microfabrication Process Tooling and Fixturing. (2006)

Abstract not provided.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Deconjugative Michael Additions (2006)

The organocatalytic allylic C-C bond-forming addition of activated alkylidenes to acrolein has been achieved with good yield and regio- and enantioselectivity. Chiral tertiary amines in the form of cinchona alkaloid catalysts are used to give allyl intermediates that exhibit unusual alpha-selectivity in the C-C bond-forming step. The products are transformed into a large range of intermediates that are difficult to access via alternative methods, using different oxidative and reductive protocols.
biomanycores.org: a repository of interoperable open-source code for many-core bioinformatics (2011)

http://www.pasteur.fr/ip/easysite/pasteur/fr/recherche/communication-scientifique/conferences-et-congres-scientifiques/conferences-service-colloques-institut-pasteur/jobim-2011
Research of Performance on Three Algorithms of Digital Image Compression (2005)

For the possibility and necessity of digital image compression,this paper has discussed the principle of three usual algorithms applied to digital image compression. Including Differential Pusle Code Modulation(DPCM), Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT). What′s more, for researching their performance on image compression, it has given out the probability distributing of coefficient, standard difference, information entropy, mean squared error, and the percentage of zero coefficient after processing the picture Lena(512×512) with them on Matlab.It has a comparison of these three algorithms in detail, and has analysed the cause of leading to their different performance, this contributes to further learning and searching the better algorithms for digital image compression.
Effects of Agaricus blazei Murill extract on immune responses in normal BALB/c mice. (2009)

Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) has shown particularly strong results in treating and preventing cancer and has also traditionally been used as a food source in Brazil. However, the exact immune responses regarding the phagocytosis of macrophage and, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in normal mice after exposure to ABM extract was unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate whether or not ABM extract can promote immune responses in normal BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were treated with different doses of ABM extract for different time periods. The results indicated that ABM extract significantly promoted the proliferation of splenocytes both in vitro and in vivo. ABM extract promoted the levels of interleukein-6 (IL-6) and, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but reduced the levels of IL-4 in vitro and in vivo. The percentage of macrophages with phagocytosis after ABM extract treatment increased and these effects were of dose-dependent manners, both in vitro and in vivo. YAC-1 target cells were killed by NK cells from the mice after treatment with ABM extract at 3 and 6 mg/kg/day for up to 14 days at target cell ratios of 25:1 and 50:1. Taken together, these results show that ABM extract promoted immunomodulations in normal BALB/c mice in vitro and in vivo.
An Efficient Microwave-assisted Extraction Process of Stevioside and Rebaudioside-A from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) (2009)

Introduction - Stevioside and rebaudioside-A are major low-calorie diterpene steviol glycosides in the leaves of Stevid rebaudiana. They are widely used as natural sweeteners for diabetic patients, but the long extraction procedures required and the optimisation of product yield present challenging problems. 
Objective - To develop a rapid and effective methodology for the extraction of stevioside and rebaudioside-A from S. rebaudiana leaves and to compare yields using different extraction techniques. 
Methodology - Dried and powdered leaves of S. rebaudiana were extracted by conventional, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction techniques using methanol, ethanol and water as single solvents as well as in binary mixtures. Conventional cold extraction was performed at 25 degrees C for 12 h while ultrasound extraction was carried out at temperature of 35 +/- 5 degrees C for 30 min. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was carried out at a power level of 80 W for 1 min at 50 degrees C. 
Results - MAE yielded 8.64 and 2.34% of stevioside and rebaudioside-A, respectively, while conventional and ultrasound techniques yielded 6.54 and 1.20%, and 4.20 and 1.98% of stevioside and rebaudioside-A, respectively. 
Conclusion - A rapid and efficient method has been developed for the extraction of stevioside and rebaudioside-A in optimum yields using MAE procedure. This method has the advantage of rapid extraction and fast screening of a large number of S. rebaudiana samples for assessment of planting material. MAE saves considerable time, energy and has implications in the quality assessment of stevioside and rebaudioside-A prior to their industrial production from the leaves of S. rebaudiana.
Fabrication and performance characteristics of high-speed ion-implanted Si metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (1996)

We have fabricated high speed Si metal semiconductor metal photodetector using <SUP>19</SUP>F<SUP>+</SUP> ion implantation in low doped Si. Bandwidths in excess of 6 GHz have been obtained representing more than an order of magnitude improvement over unimplanted counterparts. Measurements using short optical pulses show that the increase in bandwidth is primarily due to shorter carrier lifetime in implanted devices. In the absence of implantation, the response under short optical pulse excitation has a long decay with a time constant of approximately 0.35 ns. An optical fiber transmission experiment using a GaAs ((lambda) approximately 0.85 micrometers ) laser source and the implanted Si photodetector was carried out. Error-free transmission (BER &lt; 10<SUP>-11</SUP>) with good receiver sensitivity was obtained at 2 Gb/s. These results demonstrate implanted Si can be used as a detector for short wavelength fiber optic communication systems for speeds up to a few Gb/s. Monolithic integration of this detector technology with conventional Si processing offer the potential for low cost receiver designs.
Ayudas de Estado y anti-dumping (1987)

The use of quantitative 99Tcm-EHIDA imaging with cholecystokinin and the measurement of gall bladder ejection fraction in a prospective study of 89 patients with right upper quadrant pain is described. Correlation with surgical and histological findings and clinical follow-up suggests that gall bladder ejection fraction < or = 35% is a reliable and accurate indicator of acalculous gall bladder disease.
A Fully Integrated Dual-Band Low Noise Amplifier For IEEE 802.11 & Hiperlan Applications (2004)

A fully-integrated dual-band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), which can be used for IEEE 802.11 and Hiper LAN applications, was investigated in this paper. The proposed LAN was implemented entirely pm a single chip based on a standard 0.18 ?m 1P6M CMOS process. It draws 13 mA current from a 1.5-V voltage supply and achieves power gains of 17 and 10 dB, noise figure of 3.7 and 4.2 dB at 2.4 and 5.3 GHz respectively.
POTENSI MIKROBA ASAL MIKROORGANIME LOKAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH PAPRIKA (2019)

This experiment was continues from the study of biological fertilizers potential’s local microorganisms from the best main raw materials obtained from previous experiments. This experiment used five selected raw materials to make local microorganisms, including: bamboo roots, broccoli leaves, chicken manure, rabbit manure and goat manure, each raw material was made 2 times so that there were 10 local microorganisms samples. The results showed that the highest of total bacterial population were shown by local microorganisms goat manure with a value of 7.2 x 10 5 cfu/ml, then the highest population of Azotobacter and Azospirillium were shown by local microorganisms rabbit manure with values of 6.4 x 10 4 cfu/ml and 3.5 x 10 3 cfu/ml and total fungi populations was local microorganisms goat manure with a value of 4.7 x 10 3 propagules/ml. In the pathogenicity test, 9 nine bacterial isolates were obtained, 25 Azotobacter isolates, 15 Azospirillium isolates were proven to provide negative responses to the pathogenicity test. Furthermore, in the seed nursery test, only 33 microbial isolates were obtained which could support the growth of paprika seeds with the best results were shown by aquadest water control, 4B-1 NFB, 5A-1 NFB, and 1A-2 NFB isolates respectively.