gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant Protein B Deficiency Caused by Homozygous C248X Mutation—A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2015)

Objective Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is usually rapidly fatal. The c.397delCinsGAA mutation (121ins2) in exon 4 is found in more than two-thirds of patients. Design We report on a fatal case of SP-B deficiency caused by a homozygous C248X mutation in exon 7 of the SP-B gene. In addition, we provide an update of the current literature. The EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched to identify all papers published in the English and German literature on SP-B deficiency between 1989 and 2013. Results SP-B deficiency is characterized by progressive hypoxemic respiratory failure generally in full-term infants. They present with symptoms of respiratory distress and hypoxemia; chest X-ray resembles hyaline membrane disease. Prenatal diagnosis is possible from amniotic fluid or chorionic villi sampling. Conclusion Thirty-four mutations have been published in the literature. Treatment options are scarce. Gene therapy is hoped to be an option in the future.
Finite Element Boundary Element Hybrid via Direct Domain Decomposition Method (2020)

A hybrid Finite Element-Boundary Element Method (FE-BE) is presented which employs a Direct Domain Decomposition Method (D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> M) solver. The method is based on the `PECfication' idea, where all electric field unknowns are eliminated by forming the FE Schur complement.
Preoperative Factors Affecting Patient-reported Outcome Measures for Total Knee Arthroplasty (2022)

Preoperative walking self-efficacy influenced HRQOL at 3 and 12 months post-TKA. Psychological factors such as self-efficacy should be considered when predicting postoperative outcomes.
Relationship between structure and mechanical property for bismaleimide–biscyanamide resin (1992)

Relationship between Structure and Mechanical Propertyfor Bismaleimide-Biscyanamide Resin Bismaleimides, which may be classified into addition-type polyimides, are well known as high-temperature resistant polymers.Their cured products, however, are extremely brittle because of their high crosslinking density.So the most important problem in technical application is for 2 h.toughening bismaleimides without decreasing their heat resistance.'.' Recently we reported on the modification of N,N-bismaleimidediphenylmethane (BMI) with bis [ 4-(4-cyanamide-3-methylphenyl) ] methane (BCMM) , and the characterization of the cured resin system^.^We found their properties, such as glass transition temperature, crosslinking density, dielectric constant, and decomposition temperature, changed with the molar ratio of BMI and BCMM.We attributed these changes to a variation of chemical structure at different molar ratios.In this note, we report on the mechanical property of the modified resins as a function of the amount of biscyanamide for the purpose of correlating macroscopic behavior and the resin's chemical structure.
Towards a Generalized Approach to Nonlocal Elasticity via Fractional-Order Mechanics (2020)

This study presents a fractional-order continuum mechanics approach that allows combining selected characteristics of nonlocal elasticity, typical of classical integral and gradient formulations, under a single frame-invariant framework. The resulting generalized theory is capable of capturing both stiffening and softening effects and it is not subject to the inconsistencies often observed under selected external loads and boundary conditions. The governing equations of a 1D continuum are derived by continualization of the Lagrangian of a 1D lattice subject to long-range interactions. This approach is particularly well suited to highlight the connection between the fractional-order operators and the microscopic properties of the medium. The approach is also extended to derive, by means of variational principles, the governing equations of a 3D continuum in strong form. The positive definite potential energy, characteristic of our fractional formulation, always ensures well-posed governing equations. This aspect, combined with the differ-integral nature of fractional-order operators, guarantees both stability and the ability to capture dispersion without requiring additional inertia gradient terms. The proposed formulation is applied to the static and free vibration analyses of either Timoshenko beams or Mindlin plates. Numerical results, obtained by a fractional-order finite element method, show that the fractional-order formulation is able to model both stiffening and softening response in these slender structures. The numerical results provide the foundation to critically analyze the physical significance of the different fractional model parameters as well as their effect on the response of the structural elements.
Intensive, Dynamic Back-Muscle Exercises, Conventional Physiotherapy, or Placebo-Control Treatment of Low-Back Pain (1993)

In a randomized, observer-blind trial, 150 men and women, aged 21-64 years, with chronic/subchronic low-back pain, followed one of these three treatment regimens: 1) intensive, dynamic back-muscle exercises; 2) conventional physiotherapy, including isometric exercises for the trunk and leg muscles; and 3) placebo-control treatment involving semihot packs and light traction. Eight treatment sessions were given during the course of 4 weeks, each session lasting 1 hour. The short-term effect was evaluated at the end of the treatment period and 1 month later, and the long-term effect at 6 and 12 months. The evaluations included recording of changes in pain level and assessment of overall treatment effect, which were indicated on visual interval scales. Subgroups of patients could be identified according to their treatment responses: physiotherapy was the superior treatment for the male participants, whereas the intensive back exercises appeared to be most efficient for the female participants. Patients with moderate or hard physical occupations tended toward a better response with physiotherapy, whereas intensive back exercises seemed most effective for those with sedentary/light job functions.
Arrangements of via holes in microstrip lines as metallodielectric periodic structures (2000)

In this paper, the use of via holes in microstrip lines to design periodic structures that can be regarded as metallodielectric electromagnetic crystals is analyzed. The proposed novel periodic structures achieve a notably increased reflectivity compared to that obtained with a single via hole. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided showing a satisfactory performance for these devices as broadband reflectors or short circuits with enhanced behavior at high frequencies. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 372–379, 2000.
Nozzles for Supersonic Flow Without Shock Fronts (1944)

Abstract Flow patterns for compressible fluids at supersonic velocities are discussed, and it is shown that shock fronts form when neighboring Mach lines (envelopes of wave fronts originating from point disturbances) intersect. A criterion for divergence of Mach lines is developed for cases in which the passage is symmetrical in two or three dimensions and has a straight axis. This criterion is used as the basis for designing supersonic nozzles and diffusers. The analysis indicates that only a nozzle of infinite length can discharge a parallel stream into a tube of constant cross section without the formation of shock fronts. Methods are presented for designing nozzles of finite length, with the intensity of shock fronts reduced to as small a value as possible, and it is shown that nozzles of reasonable length may be designed so that shock fronts are insignificant. Experimental observations indicate that the proposed method of nozzle design is a practical one. With regard to supersonic diffusers having a straight axis, it is shown that shock fronts cannot be avoided, even though the diffuser is of infinite length. However, the methods of this paper may be used as an aid in determining the best diffuser design.
The phosphorescent properties of Er3+ in Gd2O2S by two-step absorption (2007)

We report on a novel luminescent phenomenon in Gd2O2S : Er,Yb prepared by a solid-state reaction. After irradiation at 980 nm, the afterglow emission of Er3+ is observed. X-ray diffraction, photoluminescent emission, long-lasting phosphorescence emission and decay curves were used to characterize the phosphor. It is found that the afterglow is improved with the co-doping of Ti4+ and Mg2+. Also the upconversion luminescent spectrum of Er3+ is changed. We ascribe this phenomenon to the change in the environment of activator ions. The phosphorescence properties of the sample are researched in detail. Due to the dependence of afterglow intensities on different irradiative powers, a possible two-step-absorption upconversion long-lasting phosphorescence mechanism is proposed. This kind of mechanism may overcome the shortcomings of the long persistent phosphors which are used for UV irradiation.
The effects of whole-body vibration training and vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, and bone density in institutionalized elderly women: A 6-month randomized, controlled trial (2010)

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis represent a growing public health problem. We studied the potential benefit of whole-body vibration (WBV) training given a conventional or a high dose of daily vitamin D supplementation in improving strength, muscle mass, and bone density in postmenopausal women. In a 2 × 2 factorial-design trial, 113 institutionalized elderly females aged over 70 years (mean age 79.6 years) were randomly assigned either to a WBV or a no-training group, receiving either a conventional dose (880 IU/day) or a high dose (1600 IU/day) of vitamin D(3). The primary aim was to determine the effects of 6 months of WBV and/or vitamin D supplementation on isometric and dynamic strength, leg muscle mass, and hip bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, the increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels between conventional and high-dose supplementation was compared. After 6 months of treatment, dynamic muscle strength, hip BMD, and vitamin D serum levels improved significantly in all groups, whereas isometric strength and muscle mass did not change. When compared with no training, the WBV program did not result in additional improvements. When compared with 880 IU, a high dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D did result in higher serum vitamin D levels but did not result in additional improvements. In institutionalized women older than 70 years, the WBV training protocol tested is not more efficient in enhancing muscle mass, strength, and hip BMD compared with vitamin D supplementation. A higher dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D does not provide additional musculoskeletal benefit in this population compared with conventional doses.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Venglustat in the Japanese and the Rest of the World Parkinson’s Disease Population With a GBA Mutation: Results from Part 1 of the MOVES-PD Study (809) (2020)

Assess safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of oral venglustat, a glucosylceramide (GL-1) synthase inhibitor, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with a glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutation from Japan and the rest of the world (ROW).
Regulation of RANTES and IL‐8 production in normal human dermal fibroblasts by active vitamin D3 (tacalcitol) (1998)

1. The production of chemokines, RANTES and IL-8 in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and the effects of tacalcitol (1alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3) were studied using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 2. In the unstimulated condition, RANTES and IL-8 were at a trace level in the culture supernatant. On stimulation with TNF-alpha alone for 24 h, RANTES and IL-8 production were induced. Tacalcitol suppressed RANTES and IL-8 production dose-dependently at concentrations between 10(-12) M and 10(-7) M. 3. When the cells were treated with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in combination, RANTES production was enhanced, but IL-8 production was not changed, compared to TNF-alpha-treated cells. Tacalcitol decreased IL-8 production dose-dependently as observed in the TNF-alpha-treated cells. On the other hand, RANTES production was enhanced by 10(-11) M and 10(-10) M of tacalcitol, and dose-dependently suppressed by tacalcitol concentrations higher than 10(-9) M. 4. Active vitamin D3 compounds, betamethasone valerate and cyclosporin A were compared with respect to their effects on chemokine production. Three active vitamin D3 compounds, tacalcitol, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and MC903 (calcipotriol), inhibited the production of RANTES and IL-8, with very similar potencies. Betamethasone valerate also inhibited these chemokine productions, but with greater potency than active vitamin D3 compounds. Cyclosporin A significantly stimulated RANTES production at 10(-6) M and IL-8 production at 10(-7) M and 10(-6) M. 5. The results of this study suggest that active vitamin D3 compounds exert some beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases via regulation of the production of chemokines by dermal fibroblasts.
Compact high efficiency bends in perfluorocyclobutyl polymer waveguides (2005)

We report the design, fabrication, and measurement of high efficiency, compact 45/spl deg/ single air interface bends in perfluorcyclobutyl (PFCB) copolymer waveguides. Experimental measurement reveals a low loss of 0.30/spl plusmn/0.03 dB/bend for TM polarization and 0.33/spl plusmn/0.03 dB/bend for TE polarization.
The study of bone density assessment on dental implant sites (2010)

Introduction: Bone density is one of the important factors for the long term success of endosseous implants. The bone density varies from site to site and from patient to patient. A preoperative evaluation of the bone density is quite useful to oral surgeons for planning dental implantation. More accurate information on the bone density will help surgeons identify suitable implant sites, thereby increase the success rate of dental implantation. This study examined the correlation between the bone density measured preoperatively by computed tomography (CT) and the implant primary stability measured by resonance frequency analysis. Furthermore, the effects of the implant sites, gender, age and generalized systemic disorder patients on the bone density and primary implant stability were examined. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients were selected. None of the patients had undergone a tooth extraction or bone graft history in the previous year. Preoperatively, the patients underwent CT scanning to evaluate the Hounsfield unit (HU), and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was used to evaluate the implant primary stability at the time of implant installation. All implants were 4.0 mm diameter and 11.5 mm length US II. All patients were recorded and the HU and implant stability quotient (ISQ) value were evaluated according to the sites, gender and age.
Chronic Sleep Disruption Alters Gut Microbiota, Induces Systemic and Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mice (2016)

Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) commonly occurs in human populations, and although it does not involve circadian shifts or sleep deprivation, it markedly alters feeding behaviors ultimately promoting obesity and insulin resistance. These symptoms are known to be related to the host gut microbiota. Mice were exposed to SF for 4 weeks and then allowed to recover for 2 weeks. Taxonomic profiles of fecal microbiota were obtained prospectively, and conventionalization experiments were performed in germ-free mice. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and inflammation, as well as circulating measures of inflammation, were assayed. Effect of fecal water on colonic epithelial permeability was also examined. Chronic SF-induced increased food intake and reversible gut microbiota changes characterized by the preferential growth of highly fermentative members of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease of Lactobacillaceae families. These lead to systemic and visceral white adipose tissue inflammation in addition to altered insulin sensitivity in mice, most likely via enhanced colonic epithelium barrier disruption. Conventionalization of germ-free mice with SF-derived microbiota confirmed these findings. Thus, SF-induced metabolic alterations may be mediated, in part, by concurrent changes in gut microbiota, thereby opening the way for gut microbiome-targeted therapeutics aimed at reducing the major end-organ morbidities of chronic SF.
An object-based parallel rendering system (2000)

Image composition architecture for polygon rendering is the most promising candidate for high performance. It does not suffer from any disadvantage of screen subdivision architecture (i.e., load imbalance and increased clipping time). However, in this architecture, the image composition operation cannot be overlapped with the calculation operation for computing an image and the memory requirement for local frame buffer is very large. The object based parallel rendering system (OBPRS) that is based on the image composition architecture is proposed and the objective of the OBPRS is to remove the disadvantages of the image composition architecture. According to the simulation results with a 64-renderer system, the OBPRS takes only about 80% of the rendering time of the image composition architecture. Also, it requires only 85% of the memory requirement for local frame buffer of the screen subdivision architecture. Thus the OBPRS turns out to be an effective system model, providing high performance to cost ratio.
Trocar-site hernia after gynecological laparoscopic surgery (2019)

Older age and SILS are potential associated factors for TSH development, while reducing excessive manipulation and improving suturing skills, especially at the umbilical trocar site following SILS and the right lateral trocar site, can avoid herniation.
Corn Starches as Film Formers in Aqueous-Based Film Coating (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the film formation ability and mechanical stress-strain properties of aqueous native corn starches, using free films and film coatings applied to tablets. Free films were prepared from high-amylose corn (Hylon VII), corn and waxy corn starches, using sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers. The tablets and pellets were film-coated using an air-suspension coater, and characterized with respect to the film coating surface topography, cross-sectional structure and thickness (SEM), and dissolution in vitro. The amylose content of the starch film formers affected both the tensile strength and the elongation. The elongations were under 5% for even the plasticized starches, and in most cases, no plasticization effect was seen by either of the plasticizers. Dissolution of native corn starch film-coated tablets (weight gain 1%) did not differ from uncoated ones. A notable delay in dissolution of the drug was found by increasing Hylon VII film coating thickness, suggesting controlled-release characteristics.
Prevalence of Deafness in Dogs Heterozygous or Homozygous for the Merle Allele (2009)

Deafness prevalence in merle dogs was greater than that in some dog breeds homozygous for the piebald gene, such as the English Cocker Spaniel, but comparable to, or lower than, that in the Dalmatian and white Bull Terrier. Dogs homozygous for the merle allele were significantly more likely to be deaf than heterozygotes.
Machine Learning for Physiological Time Series: Representing and Controlling Blood Glucose for Diabetes Management (2020)

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic health condition affecting over one million patients in the US, where blood glucose (sugar) levels are not well regulated by the body. Researchers have sought to use physiological data (e.g., blood glucose measurements) collected from wearable devices to manage this disease, either by forecasting future blood glucose levels for predictive alarms, or by automating insulin delivery for blood glucose management. However, the application of machine learning (ML) to these data is hampered by latent context, limited supervision and complex temporal dependencies. To address these challenges, we develop and evaluate novel ML approaches in the context of i) representing physiological time series, particularly for forecasting blood glucose values and ii) decision making for when and how much insulin to deliver. When learning representations, we leverage the structure of the physiological sequence as an implicit information stream. In particular, we a) incorporate latent context when predicting adverse events by jointly modeling patterns in the data and the context those patterns occurred under, b) propose novel types of self-supervision to handle limited data and c) propose deep models that predict functions underlying trajectories to encode temporal dependencies. In the context of decision making, we use reinforcement learning (RL) for blood glucose management. Through the use of an FDA-approved simulator of the glucoregulatory system, we achieve strong performance using deep RL with and without human intervention. However, the success of RL typically depends on realistic simulators or experimental real-world deployment, neither of which are currently practical for problems in health. Thus, we propose techniques for leveraging imperfect simulators and observational data. Beyond diabetes, representing and managing physiological signals is an important problem. By adapting techniques to better leverage the structure inherent in the data we can help overcome these challenges.
Refinement of Er3+-doped hole-assisted optical fiber amplifier (2005)

This paper deals with design and refinement criteria of erbium doped hole-assisted optical fiber amplifiers for applications in the third band of fiber optical communication. The amplifier performance is simulated via a model which takes into account the ion population rate equations and the optical power propagation. The electromagnetic field profile of the propagating modes is carried out by a finite element method solver. The effects of the number of cladding air holes on the amplifier performance are investigated. To this aim, four different erbium doped hole-assisted lightguide fiber amplifiers having a different number of cladding air holes are designed and compared. The simulated optimal gain, optimal length, and optimal noise fig. are discussed. The numerical results highlight that, by increasing the number of air holes, the gain can be improved, thus obtaining a shorter amplifier length. For the erbium concentration NEr=1.8x1024 ions/m3, the optimal gain G(Lopt) increases up to ~2dB by increasing the number of the air holes from M=4 to M=10.
Synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur macrocycles with cis exogenous oxygen and sulfur donor atoms (2005)

A series of new N4 and N8 macrocycles has been prepared, that includes cis-exogenous O2, S2 and S/O atoms to allow chelation to a metal external to the macrocyclic ring. We found that thioamide units within the macrocycles were unstable to attack by secondary amines and thus alkylated precursors containing only tertiary amines could lead to exogenous-S2 macrocycles. Cyclisation of alkylated tetraamine precursors with dimethyloxalate or dithiooxamide led to both N4 and N8 macrocycles via 1 + 1 and 2 + 2 cyclisation reactions with exogenous-O2 or S2 respectively. Alkylation of preformed exogenous-O2 macrocycles was explored and led to alkyl substitution at the secondary amine nitrogens in the ring, however synthesis of these species was overall lower yielding than cyclisation using alkylated tetraamine precursors. Thionation of an exo-O2 macrocycle using an analogue of Lawesson's Reagent led to formation of the analogous exogenous-S2 and exogenous-O,S macrocycles. Related S2N2 macrocycles with exogenous-O2 were prepared by a cyclisation route but could not be isolated free of larger ring analogues.