gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Issues in the timing of integrated early interventions: contributions from nutrition, neuroscience, and psychological research (2013)

A central issue when designing multidimensional biological and psychosocial interventions for children who are exposed to multiple developmental risks is identification of the age period(s) in which such interventions will have the strongest and longest lasting effects (sensitive periods). In this paper, we review nutritional, neuroscientific, and psychological evidence on this issue. Nutritional evidence is used to identify nutrient-sensitive periods of age-linked dimensions of brain development, with specific reference to iron deficiency. Neuroscience evidence is used to assess the importance of timing of exposures to environmental stressors for maintaining neural, neuroendocrine, and immune systems integrity. Psychological evidence illustrates the sensitivity of cognitive and social-emotional development to contextual risk and protective influences encountered at different ages. Evidence reviewed documents that the early years of life are a sensitive period when biological or psychosocial interventions or exposure to risk or protective contextual influences can produce unique long-term influences upon human brain, neuroendocrine, and cognitive or psychosocial development. However, the evidence does not identify the early years as the sole sensitive time period within which to have a significant influence upon development. Choice of age(s) to initiate interventions should be based on what outcomes are targeted and what interventions are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Indoles by Singlet Oxygen and Dimethyldioxirane: Isolation of Indole Dioxetanes and Epoxides by Stabilization Through Nitrogen Acylation. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of the Garner Aldehyde and Its Use for the Synthesis of N‐Protected 1‐Halo‐2‐(R)‐amino‐3‐butenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research on Charge and Discharge Strategy for Centralized EVs Charging Stations (2014)

High penetration of electric vehicles has brought huge impact on the safe and stable operation of power grid. How to effectively improve the comprehensive utilization rate of electric vehicle charging and discharging has become the most important problem for the grid operation. In this paper, we establish the centralized station model which takes the minimal real power loss as its objective and bring variance optimization function. Using IEEE 30-bus system as simulation system, this paper uses genetic algorithm to find the best solution of the above model. The result shows that reasonable arrangement of charge and discharge plans not only smoothes the load curve, but reduces real power loss.
Power Supply Voltage Dependence of Within-Die Delay Variation of Regular Manual Layout and Irregular Place-and-Route Layout (2011)

Dependence of within-die delay variations on power supply voltage (VDD) is measured down to 0.4V. The VDD dependence of the within-die delay variation of manual layout and irregular auto place and route (P&R) layout are compared for the first time. The measured relative delay (=sigma/average) variation difference between the manual layout and the P&R layout decreases from 1.56% to 0.07% with reducing VDD from 1.2V to 0.4V, because the random delay variations due to the random transistor variations dominate total delay variations instead of the delay variations due to interconnect length variations at low VDD.
Variables That Affect the Middle Cerebral Artery Peak Systolic Velocity in Fetuses with Anemia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (2007)

We have previously reported that the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) increases in anemic fetuses and in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We hypothesized that the pathophysiology for the increased MCA PSV is different in anemic and IUGR fetuses. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the factor(s) among fetal umbilical vein blood pH, Po2, Pco2, and hemoglobin that might affect the MCA PSV in fetuses with anemia and IUGR. This study included two groups of fetuses. The first group included fetuses at risk for anemia because of red cell alloimmunization, whereas the second group included IUGR fetuses. For both groups of fetuses, we determined hemoglobin, umbilical vein blood gases -- at cordocentesis in anemic fetuses and immediately after cesarean delivery in IUGR fetuses -- and MCA PSV before cordocentesis, or before delivery. The relationship between MCA PSV and the hemoglobin, Po2, Pco2, and pH values for the anemic and the IUGR fetuses were assessed by regression analysis using multiples of the mean. There were 14 fetuses in the first group and 22 fetuses in the second group. In the first group, the only parameter that was related to MCA PSV was the fetal hemoglobin (R2 = 0.34; p < 0.05); in fetuses with IUGR, the Pco2 (R2 = 0.36; p < 0.01) and the PO2 (R2 = 0.30; p < 0.01) correlated well with the MCA PSV, whereas no relationship was found between the MCA PSV and the hemoglobin. The data indicate that the mechanism of high MCA PSV is different in anemic and nonanemic IUGR fetuses, and suggest that the process of cerebral autoregulation is present in the preterm IUGR fetus.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NAD+ ANALOGS. PART I. 3‐BENZOYLPYRIDINE NUCLEOSIDE (1980)

Abstract Das aus dem Salz (III) dargestellte Ribofuranosylamin (IV) reagiert mit dem Pyridiniumchlorid (V) zur Titelverbindung (VI).
A Review of Electrically Tunable Focusing Liquid Crystal Lenses (2011)

Electrically tunable focusing liquid crystal (LC) lenses are reviewed in this paper. The distribution of the orientations of LC directors which is controlled by electric fields results in a distribution of refractive indices of LC directors. The incident light can be modulated by the electrically tunable lens-like phase difference of the LC lens. We introduce the basic operating principles of LC lenses and discuss the structures of LC lenses. The major challenges of LC lenses are also discussed. We believe this paper provides a guideline for basic understanding of LC lenses.
A Novel Synthetic GMCSF and IL7 Fusion Cytokine (GIFT7) Leads to T Cell Neogenesis by Reversing Age-Related Thymic Atrophy and Overcoming PD-1-Assocaited CD8 Exhaustion (2012)

Abstract Abstract 3289 Functional T cell immunity depends on the diversity of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Numerous cytolytic assaults can perturb effector cell fitness by inhibiting thymic de novo T cell production or predisposing peripheral CD8+ T cells to exhaustion. In fact, age-associated thymic atrophy and PD-1 upregulation remain the critical components of immune dysfunction. Normal thymopoiesis arises from marrow-derived CD3−CD4−CD8− triple-negative T cell progenitors (TN) which seed the thymic cortex. Thereafter, TN develop into mature single-positive (SP) CD4 or CD8 T cells after expressing both CD4 and CD8 (double-positive-DP) transiently, leading to de novo T cell production. Interleukin-7 (IL7) is a singularly important common γ-chain interleukin involved in this process. In order to pharmacologically enhance thymopoiesis, we report the development of a novel biopharmaceutical based on the fusion of GMCSF and IL7, hereafter GIFT7. Systemic administration of GIFT7 compared to IL7 in young immune competent mice leads to a transient increase in the number of DN1 (5.48±1.01 v.s. 2.74±1.07 × 106, p=0.046) by day 7. Total thymic cellularity significantly increases in GIFT7-treated group by day 14 (237±51.3 v.s. 123±25.6 × 106, p=0.026). GIFT7-mediated hypertrophic effect is significantly more pronounced in aged thymi: 111±21.8, 67.8±13.9, 60.3±4.6 × 106 for 7-dose of (5ug kg−1) GIFT7, IL7, or PBS treatment respectively. We observed a significant increase in DN1 and DN4 subsets with the greatest fold difference in the CD44int DN1 subset. Histologically, GIFT7 administration leads to significant cortical thymic hyperplasia (cortex: medulla ratio 2.67:1). Functionally, GIFT7 enhances viral-specific CTL responsiveness as modeled by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) peptide MHC+ tetramer enumeration (10.4±3.8 v.s. 2.9±1.4 × 106 for GIFT7 and untreated respectively, p&lt;0.05). In the periphery, GIFT7 selectively expand a CD8+ subset with a Central Memory (CM) phenotype defined as CD8+CD44+CD62L+CCR7+KLRG−CD27+PD1−. This unique expansive effect of GIFT7 is also demonstrated on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from non-human primates (NHP), in that GIFT7 stimulation of pre-activated NHP-PBMC leads to a two-fold increase in total cell number after 3 days and &gt;80% of Ki67+ expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ compartments. Interestingly, GIFT7-mediated proliferation in CD8+ T cells is accompanied by a 40% decrease in the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of PD1 expression. Our work identifies a CD44intCD25− subset of DN thymocytes most responsive to IL7R-mediated STAT5 hypersignalling and their function as T cell progenitors in GIFT7-driven thymic reconstitution. This points to the translational potential of GIFT7 or GIFT7-primed T lineage cells as treatment of immune malfunction. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Genomic, transcriptomic and physiological analyses of silver‐resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained by evolutionary engineering (2020)

Silver is a non-essential metal used in medical applications as an antimicrobial agent, but it is also toxic for biological systems. To investigate the molecular basis of silver resistance in yeast, we employed evolutionary engineering using successive batch cultures at gradually increased silver stress levels up to 0.25-mM AgNO<sub>3</sub> in 29 populations and obtained highly silver-resistant and genetically stable Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Cross-resistance analysis results indicated that the silver-resistant mutants also gained resistance against copper and oxidative stress. Growth physiological analysis results revealed that the highly silver-resistant evolved strain 2E was not significantly inhibited by silver stress, unlike the reference strain. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis results revealed that there were mutations and/or significant changes in the expression levels of the genes involved in cell wall integrity, cellular respiration, oxidative metabolism, copper homeostasis, endocytosis and vesicular transport activities. Particularly the missense mutation in the RLM1 gene encoding a transcription factor involved in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and with 707 potential gene targets might have a key role in the high silver resistance of 2E, along with its improved cell wall integrity, as confirmed by the lyticase sensitivity assay results. In conclusion, the comparative physiological, transcriptomic and genomic analysis results of the silver-resistant S. cerevisiae strain revealed potential key factors that will help understand the complex molecular mechanisms of silver resistance in yeast.
Identification and Characterization of Cancer Mutations in Japanese Lung Adenocarcinoma without Sequencing of Normal Tissue Counterparts (2013)

We analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 97 Japanese lung adenocarcinoma patients and identified several putative cancer-related genes and pathways. Particularly, we observed that cancer-related mutation patterns were significantly different between different ethnic groups. As previously reported, mutations in the EGFR gene were characteristic to Japanese, while those in the KRAS gene were more frequent in Caucasians. Furthermore, during the course of this analysis, we found that cancer-specific somatic mutations can be detected without sequencing normal tissue counterparts. 64% of the germline variants could be excluded using a total of 217 external Japanese exome datasets. We also show that a similar approach may be used for other three ethnic groups, although the discriminative power depends on the ethnic group. We demonstrate that the ATM gene and the PAPPA2 gene could be identified as cancer prognosis related genes. By bypassing the sequencing of normal tissue counterparts, this approach provides a useful means of not only reducing the time and cost of sequencing but also analyzing archive samples, for which normal tissue counterparts are not available.
Diamond Diode Structures Based on Homoepitaxial Films (2018)

(m–i–p)-Structures with high-resistance epitaxial i-layers are fabricated on heavily doped p+-type substrates with platinum contacts. The structures are studied using several methods: optical and electron microscopy and luminescence, and electrophysical (C–V and I–V characteristics) methods and tested as detectors of ionizing radiation. It is shown that the (m–i–p)-structures are promising for development of several electronic devices (high-voltage diodes, detectors of ionizing radiation, and photovoltaic devices).
Comparing configurations for car speed measurements using passive RFID tags (2012)

The ability to detect instantaneous speed is crucial for several applications. Moving objects such as vehicles and robots need to detect their speeds on a regular basis. Current systems measure speed using radars and speedometers which base the detection of the speed on the Doppler frequency shift phenomenon. Furthermore, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) do not usually work inside closed structures. In this paper, we present a cheap alternative to measure speed using RFID passive tags. The system is based on a RFID reader that reads tags installed within its reading range. The reader can be fixed or moving. Several configurations are tested to determine the best spacing of the tags as well as the possible benefit of using an extra antenna to detect speed. Moreover, calculations will be based on three different selection criteria of the time instances.
Oxidation of Acetonitrile‐Based Electrolyte Solutions at High Potentials: An In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study (1993)

The oxidation of and solutions containing was studied on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Both the solvent and the solute are unstable at potentials positive to ca. 2.2 V vs. SCE. The main oxidation product is . Other products detected are: acetamide , , and an unspecified "nitrogen oxide" . Carbon dioxide is formed via a reaction of acetonitrile with trace water as substantiated by the occurrence of an isotopic shift of the stretching vibration when using . The rate of the formation is increased by the presence of perchlorate anions and the Pt surface.
Grating‐coupled surface plasmon resonance: A cell and protein microarray platform (2005)

Abstract Grating‐coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) is a method for the accurate assessment of analyte in a multiplexed format using small amounts of sample. In GCSPR, the analyte is flowed across specific receptors ( e.g. antibodies or other proteins) that have been immobilized on a sensor chip. The chip surface is illuminated with p‐polarized light that couples to the gold surface's electrons to form a surface plasmon. At a specific angle of incidence, the GCSPR angle, the maximum amount of coupling occurs, thus reducing the intensity of reflected light. Shifts in the GCSPR angle can be correlated with refractive index increases following analyte capture by chip‐bound receptors. Because regions of the chip can be independently analyzed, this system can assess 400 interactions between analyte and receptor on a single chip. We have used this label‐free system to assess a number of molecules of immunological interest. GCSPR can simultaneously detect an array of cytokines and other proteins using the same chip. Moreover, GCSPR is also compatible with assessments of antigen expression by intact cells, detecting cellular apoptosis and identifying T cells and B cells. This technology represents a powerful new approach to the analysis of cells and molecular constituents of biological samples.
Monitoring Horizontal Producers and Injectors During Cleanup and Production Using Fiber-Optic-Distributed Temperature Measurements (2003)

Abstract This paper describes the application of fiber-optic-distributed temperature systems installed in several long horizontal open-hole completion intervals of production and injection wells in Oman. We demonstrate how distributed temperature data, from both types of wells, was used to optimize completion procedures and improve knowledge of the reservoir and its performance. The Shuaiba reservoir produces 44° API oil from a low permeability micritic lime mudstone, typically 3 md. Initially, gas injection in vertical wells was selected to enhance oil recovery, but producing wells commonly experienced gas breakthrough, gas flaring was undesirable, and surface-compression constraints were encountered. For these reasons the operator decided to phase out gas injection and use line-drive water injection from horizontal wells. Wells were drilled horizontally, with up to 5,000-ft open-hole completions, but varied in effectiveness. Fiber-optic distributed temperature measurement systems were installed in a horizontal water injector and several horizontal oil producers during 2002 to monitor the long open-hole reservoir intervals during well startup, production, and injection. Data from the fiber optic water injector showed that the intervals flooded slowly from the heel to the toe over a period of months, giving the operator improved knowledge of reservoir sweep from this type of completion. The first oil producer exhibited slow cleanup from the heel, enabling a change in pre-production well stimulation procedures to improve cleanup. The results demonstrate that it is possible to monitor long horizontal open hole intervals continuously, during both clean-up and production, without the need for multiple well interventions. This has proved a safe and cost effective solution to improve the operators understanding of the performance of horizontal wells drilled in the Shuaiba reservoir. Substantial savings are expected through DTS surveys, with a one-time installation costs comparable to a coiled tubing run production log. Following the installation, DTS is available to provide survey data for life of the completion. It is not only cost effective, but also data acquisition operation is much less risky.
Homomorphic Encryption for Machine Learning in Medicine and Bioinformatics (2020)

Machine learning and statistical techniques are powerful tools for analyzing large amounts of medical and genomic data. On the other hand, ethical concerns and privacy regulations prevent free sharing of this data. Encryption techniques such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enable evaluation over encrypted data. Using FHE, machine learning models such as deep learning, decision trees, and Naive Bayes have been implemented for privacy-preserving applications using medical data. These applications include classifying encrypted data and training models on encrypted data. FHE has also been shown to enable secure genomic algorithms, such as paternity and ancestry testing and privacy-preserving applications of genome-wide association studies. This survey provides an overview of fully homomorphic encryption and its applications in medicine and bioinformatics. The high-level concepts behind FHE and its history are introduced, and details on current open-source implementations are provided. The state of fully homomorphic encryption for privacy-preserving techniques in machine learning and bioinformatics is reviewed, along with descriptions of how these methods can be implemented in the encrypted domain.
Synthesis and Structure of a Trigonal Monopyramidal Fe(II) Complex and Its Paramagnetic Carbon Monoxide Derivative (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis and Structure of a Trigonal Monopyramidal Fe(II) Complex and Its Paramagnetic Carbon Monoxide DerivativeManabendra Ray, Adina P. Golombek, Michael P. Hendrich, Victor G. Young,, and A. S. BorovikView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 66506 Department of Chemistry, Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 25, 6084–6085Publication Date (Web):June 26, 1996Publication History Received4 January 1996Published online26 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960036khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960036krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1311Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cavities,Inorganic carbon compounds,Ligands,Oxides,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Nucleotide sequence and control of transcription of the bacteriophage T4 motA regulatory gene (1990)

A 2116bp segment of the bacteriophage T4 genome encompassing the motA regulatory gene has been sequenced. In addition to motA, five open reading frames were identified in the direction of early transcription. The motA gene encodes a basic protein of 211 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 23,559. Measurements of the rate of transcription of motA showed that the promoter of this gene is turned off after only 2 min of T4 development. This early promoter presents a structure which is richer in information than that of a classical constitutive Escherichia coli promoter. In addition to containing conserved sequences centred at -10 and -35, this promoter shares extensive homologies with other subgroups of early promoters in regions centred at +3 and at -55. We discuss the possible role of these different sequence determinants.