gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Effect of Ta Additions on $J_{c}$ and $n$ of $({\rm Nb},{\rm Ti})_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Bronze Processed Multifilamentary Wires at High Magnetic Fields (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We have analyzed the influence of Ta on the superconducting properties of Ti doped bronze processed <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$({\rm Nb},{\rm Ta},{\rm Ti})_{3}{\rm Sn}$</tex></formula> multifilamentary wires. The study was carried out on wires with identical configuration, consisting of 14,641 filaments with 4.5 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> diameter embedded in a Ti bearing Osprey bronze and externally stabilized by copper. Several wires were made using either Nb7.5Ta or pure Nb as a filament material, some of them containing a core of NbTi as a supplementary Ti source. All wires were manufactured by three hot extrusion steps, cold drawing and several intermediate anneals. Wire samples with round and rectangular cross sections have been prepared and reacted with various heat treatments between 550 and 730<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$^{\circ}{\rm C}$</tex></formula>. The residual Sn content in the Cu-Sn-Ti bronze after reaction and the degree of reaction of the filaments were determined by means of EDS and SEM analysis, respectively. AC susceptibility has been used to determine the effect of prestrain and doping on the superconducting transition temperature <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$T_{c}$</tex></formula>. At 21 T and 4.2 K, similar non-Cu <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$J_{c}$</tex></formula> values up to 90 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>${\rm A/mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> (overall <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$J_{c}$</tex></formula>: 63 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\rm A/mm}^{2}$</tex></formula>) and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$n$</tex> </formula> values up to 25 have been observed on both compositions <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$({\rm Nb},{\rm Ta},{\rm Ti})_{3}{\rm Sn}$</tex> </formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$({\rm Nb},{\rm Ti})_{3}{\rm Sn}$</tex></formula>. These results suggest that Ta as a quaternary dopant does not lead to further improvements of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$J_{c}$</tex> </formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$n$</tex></formula> of ternary <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$({\rm Nb},{\rm Ti})_{3}{\rm Sn}$</tex></formula>. </para>
Experimental Work on Salt-Based Cooling Systems (2023)

The energy consumption for space cooling is progressively increasing. Integrating renewable energy into space cooling systems is critical for reducing CO2 emissions from the building sector. The salt-based cooling system is an appealing alternative as it can be charged by solar energy. This system is based on the characteristic of endothermic salts, which generate a considerable cooling effect when dissolved in water. A screening test was performed in this work to evaluate the cooling performance of several endothermic salts. Furthermore, a laboratory-scale system was developed to demonstrate the endothermic salt-based thermal storage and cooling generation system. Temperature decreases up to 12.3 °C were observed in the system containing Potassium Chloride salt. The temperature drop was maintained after the system underwent a charging/discharging cycle; however, the cooling period was shortened. The system demonstrated an inherent low efficiency due to the large volume of water required in the discharging phase, demanding a considerable amount of energy to evaporate the water in the charging phase. As a result, the application of this system will be restricted to the usage of low-grade energy during the charging phase.
Optimizing dynamical similarity index extraction window for seizure detection (2014)

This paper addresses an optimization problem in choosing optimum window length for feature extraction in automatic seizure detection. The processing window length plays an important role in reducing the false positive and false negative rates and decreasing required processing time for seizure detection. This study presents an approach for selecting the optimum window length toward the extraction of dynamical similarity index (DSI) feature. Then, the optimal window value in DSI extraction was used to detect seizure onset automatically. The algorithm was applied to electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from European Epilepsy Database. Although the main purpose of this study was not the seizure detection and mainly focuses on proposing an approach for finding an optimum window length for feature extraction towards the early seizure detection, the results showed that the proposed method achieves 83.99% of sensitivity in seizure detection. The low false positive rate per hour (FPR/h) was also significant due to continuous EEG analysis. The method showed fast computation speed which promises a potential for the real time applications. The proposed method for the window optimization in feature extraction of DSI can be implemented for other features to further improve the performance of seizure detection.
Writing and Deleting Single Magnetic Skyrmions (2013)

Topologically nontrivial spin textures have recently been investigated for spintronic applications. Here, we report on an ultrathin magnetic film in which individual skyrmions can be written and deleted in a controlled fashion with local spin-polarized currents from a scanning tunneling microscope. An external magnetic field is used to tune the energy landscape, and the temperature is adjusted to prevent thermally activated switching between topologically distinct states. Switching rate and direction can then be controlled by the parameters used for current injection. The creation and annihilation of individual magnetic skyrmions demonstrates the potential for topological charge in future information-storage concepts.
Temperature and Shear Susceptibility of a Nonpetroleum Binder as a Pavement Material (2010)

Most bituminous binders used for pavement materials are derived from fossil fuels, specifically crude petroleum. Nowadays, technical and economic prospects exist in using biorenewable resources to produce biobinders. Biobinders can be used in three ways to decrease the demand for crude petroleum–derived bituminous binders: direct alternative binder (100% replacement), bitumen extender (25% to 75% bitumen replacement), and bitumen modifier (&lt;10% bitumen replacement). Applicability of developing biobinders from oakwood-based bio-oils to be used as a direct alternative has been investigated through studying the rheological properties. Temperature and shear rate (rate of loading) of biobinders and modified biobinders play major roles in changing the viscosity of bio-oils. The rheological properties of oakwood bio-oils have been investigated and compared with those of bitumen binders, to study the applicability of producing biobinders. Temperature and shear susceptibilities have been studied through measuring the viscosity of the bio-oils. Results reveal that the relationship between the viscosity of bio-oils and temperature and shear rates are log linear–like bitumen binders. In addition, temperature is the main contributor to the viscosity of the bio-oils in comparison with shear rate. Important is that the viscosity temperature susceptibility values for the bio-oils in comparison with bitumen blends indicate that bio-oils are more susceptible to temperature. Moreover, the addition of polymer modifiers leads to a change in temperature ranges of the bio-oils. In conclusion, the rheological properties of oakwood bio-oils are similar to and comparable with bitumen binders, and they represent a viable renewable alternative to petroleum-derived asphalt binders.
Desorption by Microwaves: Mechanisms of Multicomponent Mixtures (2002)

Desorption by microwaves is an alternative to standard industrial processes for the regeneration of fixed-bed-adsorbers. In this article experiments of multicomponent desorption of fixed-bed-adsorbers are presented. An overview is given about the different mechanisms appearing during the process.
Radiation Reduction from Heatsinks by a PMC Surface (2022)

The radiation from IC heatsink is a major concern in the sub-GHz range as well as at few GHz due to the ever-increasing operating frequencies and complexity of digital, analog, and mixed signal systems developed as Systems on Chip (SoC), Systems in Package (SiP), and based on 3D technology. The heatsink is usually larger than the IC package, thus the heatsink bottom plate can guide EM noise from the IC source building up an effective PCB-heatsink radiator. The application of an artificial perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) surface below the heatsink is demonstrated in this paper to effectively reduce the radiation from the heatsink within a well-defined band whose limits can be analytically computed. The use of dielectric material with high permittivity are shown to be effective for lowering the bandgap to the desired frequency band; if the dielectric material is of absorber type, thus with a high loss factor, the combination of pins and absorbing material can lead to several tens of dB of radiation reduction.
Supplementary Table S4 from Blood-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Patients with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Normalized signal intensity variations obtained on the antibody microarray.&lt;/p&gt;
Diagnostic approaches to bleeding disorders (2005)

The evaluation of a patient with a possible bleeding disorder can be one of the most challenging referrals in hematology practice. In the absence of much evidence-based outcomes data, the practitioner’s experimental judgment will be called upon to formulate a working diagnosis and management plan in many instances. A logical and semi-standardized approach should include the application of a threepart screening process, each of which addresses a specific question, as follows:
Calystegines in potatoes with genetically engineered carbohydrate metabolism (2007)

Calystegines are hydroxylated nortropane alkaloids derived from the tropane alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. They are strong glycosidase inhibitors and occur in vegetables such as potatoes, tomatoes, and cabbage. Calystegine accumulation in root cultures was described to increase with carbohydrate availability. Whether this is indicative for the in planta situation is as yet unknown. Potatoes are model plants for the study of carbohydrate metabolism. Numerous transgenic potato lines with altered carbohydrate metabolism are available, but rarely were examined for alterations in secondary metabolism. In this study, calystegine accumulation and expression of biosynthetic enzymes were related to genetic modifications in carbohydrate metabolism in potato tubers. Tubers contained more soluble sugars due to overexpression of yeast invertase in the apoplast or in the cytosol, or due to antisense suppression of sucrose synthase. It is shown that the major part of calystegines in tubers originated from biosynthesis in plant roots. Yet, tuber calystegine levels responded to genetic alterations of carbohydrate metabolism in tubers. The strongest increase in calystegines was found in tubers with suppressed sucrose synthase activity. Transcripts and enzyme activities involved in calystegine biosynthesis largely concurred with product accumulation. Whole plant organs were examined similarly and displayed higher calystegines and corresponding enzyme activities in roots and stolons of plants with enhanced soluble sugars. Increases in calystegines appear to be linked to sucrose availability.
Sosiaalisen median hyödyntäminen yrityksen markkinoinnissa (2010)

Internet on kokenut viime vuosina huomattavia muutoksia muokkauduttuaan uusien teknologioiden myötä yksisuuntaiseen tiedon julkaisuun keskittyneestä mediasta tiedon avoimuutta ja keskustelua suosivaksi sosiaaliseksi mediaksi. Sosiaalisen median aikakautena ihmiset muodostavat verkostoja ja yhteisöjä Internetistä, keskustelevat ajankohtaisista asioista, yrityksistä, niiden tuotteista tai palveluista ja näin ollen toimivat vahvoina mielipidevaikuttajina toisilleen. Yritysten tulisi olla siellä missä sen potentiaalinen asiakaskin on, mutta toistaiseksi suomalaiset yritykset tulevat sosiaalisen median käytössä vuoden jäljessä verrattaessa käyttömääriä lähinaapureidensa Ruotsin ja Norjan vastaaviin yrityksiin. Osa suomalaisyrityksistä on jo mukana esimerkiksi Facebookissa, osaamatta kuitenkaan hyödyntää sitä markkinoinnissaan.&#13;\n&#13;\nOpinnäytetyössä perehdytään sosiaaliseen mediaan ilmiönä, joihinkin tällä hetkellä Suomessa suosittuihin sosiaalista mediaa hyödyntäviin palveluihin sekä tapoihin, joilla liikuntavälineitä tuottava Gymstick International Oy voi hyödyntää sosiaalista mediaa markkinoinnissaan. Saatavilla olleesta tiedosta poimittiin toimeksiantajayritystä ajatellen olennaisin ja tieto koottiin ”yksiin kansiin” perehdytysopasta muistuttavaan muotoon. Käytännön toimenpiteenä luotiin yritykselle oma sivu Facebook-verkostoitumispalvelussa, joka kuukausi julkaisunsa jälkeen yhdisti sen jo reiluun 120 yrityksestä ja sen tuotteista kiinnostuneeseen Facebook-käyttäjään. Tulevaisuudessa yritys voi hyödyntää Facebookia ja muita sosiaalista mediaa hyödyntäviä palveluita markkinoidessaan uusia tuotteitaan, tapahtumiaan, koulutustilaisuuksia sekä järjestäessään esimerkiksi ideakilpailuja uusia tuoteideoita löytääkseen.
Chloroplast molecular chaperone-assisted refolding and reconstitution of an active multisubunit coupling factor CF1 core. (1994)

The chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) is composed of five kinds of subunits with a stoichiometry of alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon. Reconstitution of a catalytically active alpha 3 beta 3 gamma core from urea-denatured subunits at a physiological pH is reported here. A restoration of approximately 90% of the CF1 ATPase activity has been observed. The reconstitution was achieved by using subunits overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and combined in the presence of MgATP, K+, and a mixture of several chloroplast molecular chaperones at pH 7.5. The combination of chaperonin 60 and chaperonin 24 failed to reconstitute the active CF1 core, as did the GroEL/GroES pair (E. coli chaperonin 60/10 homologues). Characteristics of the reconstituted ATPase were very close to those of the native complex, including methanol-reversible inhibition by the purified epsilon subunit of CF1 and sensitivity to inhibition by azide and by tentoxin. In reconstitution with a mixture of tentoxin-resistant and -sensitive beta subunits, the extent of inhibition by tentoxin depended on the proportion of sensitive subunits in the reconstitution mixture. Finally, a model for the assembly of the CF1 core alpha 3 beta 3 gamma structure is proposed.
A 1D Ising model for ripple formation (2000)

A 1-d Ising model is shown to reproduce qualitatively the dynamics of ripple\nformation. Saltation effect is imposed using a Kawasaki dynamics and a pair\ninteraction over some distance l. Within this model, the ripple state turns out\nto be metastable in agreement with cellular automata simulations as well as\nrecent under water experiments. A dynamical phase diagram is obtained. A\nmean-field solution of the problem is given in terms of the ripple size. A\nmapping is then performed onto a 2-dimensional l x infinity static problem.\n
Improvement of an Optically Pumped Magnetometer Using a Combination of D1and D2Transitions (2012)

The magnetic resonance spectra of 133Cs vapor were obtained using a D1 transition, a D2 transition, and a combination of D1 and D2 transitions. Maximum intensity (Imax) and line width (Δf) in the spectra were measured, and an "α value" (i.e., Imax/Δf) was defined as an appropriate figure of merit for an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM). The α value obtained using the combination of D1 and D2 transitions was tenfold larger than that obtained using the D1 transition and 160 times larger than that obtained using the D2 transition. This result indicates that using the combination of D1 and D2 transitions improves the sensitivity of an OPM.
Improved U-Net Remote Sensing Classification Algorithm Fusing Attention and Multiscale Features (2022)

The selection and representation of classification features in remote sensing image play crucial roles in image classification accuracy. To effectively improve the features classification accuracy, an improved U-Net remote sensing classification algorithm fusing attention and multiscale features is proposed in this paper, called spatial attention-atrous spatial pyramid pooling U-Net (SA-UNet). This framework connects atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) with the convolutional units of the encoder of the original U-Net in the form of residuals. The ASPP module expands the receptive field, integrates multiscale features in the network, and enhances the ability to express shallow features. Through the fusion residual module, shallow and deep features are deeply fused, and the characteristics of shallow and deep features are further used. The spatial attention mechanism is used to combine spatial with semantic information so that the decoder can recover more spatial information. In this study, the crop distribution in central Guangxi province was analyzed, and experiments were conducted based on Landsat 8 multispectral remote sensing images. The experimental results showed that the improved algorithm increases the classification accuracy, with the accuracy increasing from 93.33% to 96.25%, The segmentation accuracy of sugarcane, rice, and other land increased from 96.42%, 63.37%, and 88.43% to 98.01%, 83.21%, and 95.71%, respectively. The agricultural planting area results obtained by the proposed algorithm can be used as input data for regional ecological models, which is conducive to the development of accurate and real-time crop growth change models.
Qa-2 antigen encoded by Q7b is biochemically indistinguishable from Qa-2 expressed on the surface of C57BL/10 mouse spleen cells. (1988)

Qa-2 was immunoprecipitated from the surface of 125I-labeled C57BL/10 (B10) mouse spleen cells and compared with Qa-2 immunoprecipitated from the surface of R1.1 thymoma cells transfected with Q7b. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that Qa-2 glycoproteins from both of these sources have a relative molecular mass of approximately 37 kDa. After treatment with endoglycosidase F, the Qa-2 polypeptide chains derived from C57BL/10 spleen and Q7b-transfected R1.1 cells displayed identical mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis because of removal of N-linked oligosaccharide residues. Furthermore, treatment of Qa-2 proteins from both sources with cyanogen bromide or alpha-chymotrypsin resulted in identical peptide fragmentation patterns. These results therefore provide a biochemical correlation between a cloned Qa-region gene produce expressed on the surface of transfected cells, and the Qa-2 glycoprotein on spleen cells that was described a decade ago by serologic methods.
Epitaxial growth and optical properties of semipolar (112¯2) GaN and InGaN∕GaN quantum wells on GaN bulk substrates (2006)

GaN and InGaN∕GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) were grown on semipolar (112¯2) GaN bulk substrates by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. The GaN homoepitaxial layer has an atomically flat surface. Optical reflection measurements reveal polarization anisotropy for the A, B, and C excitons. Free A excitons dominate the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum at 10K and are accompanied by a weaker, sharp doublet emission due to neutral donor-bound excitons. The InGaN∕GaN MQW grown on a GaN homoepitaxial layer involves fast radiative recombination processes. The PL decay monitored at 428nm can be fitted with a double exponential curve, which has lifetimes of 46 and 142ps at 10K. These values are two orders of magnitude shorter than those in conventional c-oriented QWs and are attributed to the weakened internal electric field. The emissions from GaN and MQW polarize along the [11¯00] direction with polarization degrees of 0.46 and 0.69, respectively, due to the low crystal symmetry.
Painful Piezogenic Pedal Papules on a Child with Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome (1985)

A 5-year-old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome developed painful piezogenic pedal papules. She had suffered from pain in her heels for the previous two years and had undergone extensive orthopedic examinations that revealed no abnormalities. On admission, she had typical signs associated with piezogenic pedal papules (PPP), with pain induced by standing and disappearance of the lesions and the pain on relief of pressure. These papules were due to herniation of subcutaneous fat into the dermis, possibly because of structural defects of the connective tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of painful PPP occurring in childhood. We suggest that the herniation of subcutaneous fat in our patient was most probably due to the connective tissue defect that occurs in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Surface Modifying Additives for Improved Device–Blood Compatibility (1994)

Copolymers composed of polar and nonpolar blocks, when blended with a base polymer in low concentrations, migrate to the base polymer surface during and after fabrication. Migration of these surface modifying additives (SMAs) dramatically changes the outermost surface molecular layers that comprise the region that determines biocompatibility. The blood compatibility of cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis components have been improved by using SMA blended polymers or SMA coated surfaces. The particular SMAs used were a series of triblock copolymers with a general formulation of polycaprolactone-polydimethylsiloxane-polycaprolactone. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), refractive increments (RI), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to characterize the molecular weight of SMA and the bulk concentration of SMA after blending. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) proved that the surface of blended polymers was highly saturated with SMA. Results of in vitro experiments with human blood demonstrated that SMA blended polymers delay contact activation (kallikrein-like activity), reduce coagulation activity (thrombin-antithrombin [TAT] generation), and do not adversely affect complement activation (terminal complement complex [TCC] generation) or mononuclear cells activation (IL-1 beta production). Ex vivo canine AV shunt studies showed improvement of platelet compatibility of SMA blended polymers. Reduction of cellular and protein system activation by using components fabricated with SMA blood contacting surfaces can potentially result in reduced morbidity associated with extracorporeal circulation.