gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection by Hypoxic Preconditioning Requires Sequential Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor and Akt (2002)

Hypoxic preconditioning provides protection against ischemic brain lesions in animal models of cerebral ischemia-hypoxia. To analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms, we developed an in vitro model of hypoxic neuroprotection in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) by reducing the oxygen tension to 1-5% for 1-24 hr. Exposure to 5% O2 for 9 hr resulted in reduction of cell death after potassium deprivation, treatment with 100 microm glutamate, or 500 microm 3-nitroproprioninc acid (3-NP) by 46, 22, and 55%, respectively. Shorter (1 or 3 hr) or longer (>12 hr) intervals or pretreatment with lower oxygen tension failed to rescue CGN from death. In contrast, toxicity of four different chemotherapeutic drugs [1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, cisplatine, topotecane, and vincristine] was unaffected by hypoxic preconditioning. The induction of protective effects was dependent on new protein synthesis. Protein levels of B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (BCL-2), BCL-x(L/S), heat shock protein 70/90, and BCL-2-associated death protein remained unaltered. CGN incubated at 5% O2 for 9 hr showed increased levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), phosphorylated Akt/protein kinase B (PKB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). Incubation with a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody, a monoclonal antibody to VEGFR-2, wortmannin, or antisense-Akt/PKB, but not treatment with U0126, an ERK-inhibitor, reverted the resistance acquired by hypoxic preconditioning. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 blocked the activation of Akt/PKB. Finally, pretreatment with recombinant VEGF resulted in a hypoxia-resistant phenotype in the absence of hypoxic preconditioning. Our data are indicating a sequential requirement for VEGF/VEGFR-2 activation and Akt/PKB phosphorylation for neuronal survival mediated by hypoxic preconditioning and propose VEGF as a hypoxia-induced neurotrophic factor.
Cloning and Characterization of a Mammalian Lithium-sensitive Bisphosphate 3′-Nucleotidase Inhibited by Inositol 1,4-Bisphosphate (1999)

Discovery of a structurally conserved metal-dependent lithium-inhibited phosphomonoesterase protein family has identified several potential cellular targets of lithium as used to treat manic depression. Here we describe identification of a novel family member using a "computer cloning" strategy. Human and murine cDNA clones encoded proteins sharing 92% identity and were highly expressed in kidney. Native and recombinant protein harbored intrinsic magnesium-dependent bisphosphate nucleotidase activity (BPntase), which removed the 3'-phosphate from 3'-5' bisphosphate nucleosides and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate with Km and Vmax values of 0.5 microM and 40 micromol/min/mg. Lithium uncompetitively inhibited activity with a Ki of 157 microM. Interestingly, BPntase was competitively inhibited by inositol 1,4-bisphosphate with a Ki of 15 microM. Expression of mammalian BPntase complemented defects in hal2/met22 mutant yeast. These data suggest that BPntase's physiologic role in nucleotide metabolism may be regulated by inositol signaling pathways. The presence of high levels of BPntase in the kidney are provocative in light of the roles of bisphosphorylated nucleotides in regulating salt tolerance, sulfur assimilation, detoxification, and lithium toxicity. We propose that inhibition of human BPntase may account for lithium-induced nephrotoxicity, which may be overcome by supplementation of current therapeutic regimes with inhibitors of nucleotide biosynthesis, such as methionine.
Chiral synthesis via organoboranes. 27. Remarkably rapid and exceptionally enantioselective (approaching 100% ee) allylboration of representative aldehydes at -100.degree. under new, salt-free conditions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral synthesis via organoboranes. 27. Remarkably rapid and exceptionally enantioselective (approaching 100% ee) allylboration of representative aldehydes at -100.degree. under new, salt-free conditionsUday S. Racherla and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 401–404Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a072RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3760Altmetric-Citations319LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (523 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Superjunction U-MOSFET With SIPOS Pillar Breaking Superjunction Silicon Limit by TCAD Simulation Study (2017)

A novel superjunction (SJ) vertical UMOSFET with semi-insulating POly-crystalline silicon pillar (SIPOS SJ-UMOS) is proposed and its mechanism is investigated by TCAD simulations. In the off-state, the reshape effect of SIPOS pillars enhances the vertical electric field strength and weakens the lateral field component, which increases the breakdown voltage (BV). In addition, the highly doped N-pillars are allowed for the proposed device due to the enhanced depletion by the SIPOS pillars, which leads to a low specific ON resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,sp</sub> ). In the on-state, an accumulation layer is formed in drift region leading to an additional reduction in the R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,sp</sub> . Simulation results show that the RON,sp decreases 59%, and BV increases by 16.7%, simultaneously, breaking the SJ silicon limit, compared with those of a conventional SJ-UMOS with the same drift length. Moreover, the charge-imbalance endurance of SIPOS SJ-UMOS is also improved.
All-optical dense WDM wide-area communication network (2002)

This paper describes a high capacity, scalable and modular all-optical dense WDM WAN. The network assumes a ring-tree (tree of rings) topology and employs all-optical packet switching, wavelength reuse, conversion, and routing schemes for data transport. The optical fiber four-wave mixing (FWM) nonlinear phenomenon is used for wavelength conversion, and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are used for signal amplification, in the network. The proposed network can be implemented at various scales, from a LAN to a global communication framework. Its transport protocols can be adapted for any dense wavelength-reuse WDM network.
Enumeration by DNA colony hybridization of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica colonies in artificially contaminated food (1986)

A genetic probe was used to identify and enumerate virulent Yersinia enterocolitica colonies in 11 artificially contaminated foods. Efficiency of enumeration, determined by autoradiography after DNA colony hybridization, ranged from 66 to 100% (average, 86%) and was influenced by the number of indigenous bacteria. The use of nitrocellulose filters and agar medium had little effect on efficiency of enumeration.
Electrochemical Detection of Base Pair Mutation (2000)

Abstract An electrochemical method for detecting base pair mutation was devised, which is based on higher affinity of ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide intercalator for (matched) DNA duplex than for (mismatched) single stranded DNA on the electrode surface.
A pharmacophore‐based evolutionary approach for screening selective estrogen receptor modulators (2005)

We developed a pharmacophore-based evolutionary approach for virtual screening. This tool, termed the Generic Evolutionary Method for molecular DOCKing (GEMDOCK), combines an evolutionary approach with a new pharmacophore-based scoring function. The former integrates discrete and continuous global search strategies with local search strategies to expedite convergence. The latter, integrating an empirical-based energy function and pharmacological preferences (binding-site pharmacological interactions and ligand preferences), simultaneously serves as the scoring function for both molecular docking and postdocking analyses to improve screening accuracy. We apply pharmacological interaction preferences to select the ligands that form pharmacological interactions with target proteins, and use the ligand preferences to eliminate the ligands that violate the electrostatic or hydrophilic constraints. We assessed the accuracy of our approach using human estrogen receptor (ER) and a ligand database from the comparative studies of Bissantz et al. (J Med Chem 2000;43:4759-4767). Using GEMDOCK, the average goodness-of-hit (GH) score was 0.83 and the average false-positive rate was 0.13% for ER antagonists, and the average GH score was 0.48 and the average false-positive rate was 0.75% for ER agonists. The performance of GEMDOCK was superior to competing methods such as GOLD and DOCK. We found that our pharmacophore-based scoring function indeed was able to reduce the number of false positives; moreover, the resulting pharmacological interactions at the binding site, as well as ligand preferences, were important to the screening accuracy of our experiments. These results suggest that GEMDOCK constitutes a robust tool for virtual database screening.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein universe. (2010)

The need to maintain the structural and functional integrity of an evolving protein severely restricts the repertoire of acceptable amino-acid substitutions. However, it is not known whether these restrictions impose a global limit on how far homologous protein sequences can diverge from each other. Here we explore the limits of protein evolution using sequence divergence data. We formulate a computational approach to study the rate of divergence of distant protein sequences and measure this rate for ancient proteins, those that were present in the last universal common ancestor. We show that ancient proteins are still diverging from each other, indicating an ongoing expansion of the protein sequence universe. The slow rate of this divergence is imposed by the sparseness of functional protein sequences in sequence space and the ruggedness of the protein fitness landscape: approximately 98 per cent of sites cannot accept an amino-acid substitution at any given moment but a vast majority of all sites may eventually be permitted to evolve when other, compensatory, changes occur. Thus, approximately 3.5 x 10(9) yr has not been enough to reach the limit of divergent evolution of proteins, and for most proteins the limit of sequence similarity imposed by common function may not exceed that of random sequences. PMID: 20485343
MOBI-KIDS; STUDY ON COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND BRAIN TUMOURS IN YOUNG PEOPLE (2011)

Background and Aims: Brain tumours are the second most common neoplasms in young people. Apart from exposure to ionizing radiation and genetic predispositions, little is known about risk factors for these tumours. Mobi-Kids will study effects of environmental factors on brain tumour risk in young people, with particular focus on electromagnetic fields from mobile phones and other communication technologies. Methods: Mobi-Kids is a collaborative case-control study starting in 12 countries (Austria, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Spain, Taiwan, The Netherland)s using a common core protocol. Cases are 10-24 years old patients newly diagnosed with a brain tumour. Controls are patients hospitalized for appendicitis within the participating regions, individually matched to cases on age, sex and region of residence. A face-to-face interview will be held with participants and their parents to assess lifestyle, residential and school history, use of communication technologies, exposure to environmental risk factors, medical history and family history of cancer. Particular attention will be paid to issues of potential selection bias related to the low response rates of population-based controls (by selecting hospitalised controls) and potential recall errors (by validating questionnaire responses on mobile phone use with user data from network operators). Improved exposure indices for RF will be derived taking into account spatial distribution of energy in the brain at different ages; ELF from the phones will also be considered, as well as other important sources of EMF and chemical exposures in the general environment of young people. Results: Data collection has started in most participating countries.. The study is expected to include nearly 2000 brain tumour cases and twice as many controls during a 2.5-year study period. Conclusion: MOBI-KIDS will generate novel insights in brain tumour aetiology among young people. In particular it will address the association with information technology.
Highly Active and Diastereoselective N,O‐ and N,N‐Yttrium Complexes for Intramolecular Hydroamination (2011)

Abstract The intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkynes and unactivated aminoalkenes catalyzed by yttrium N,O ‐ and N,N ‐complexes has been investigated. The N,N ‐yttrium complexes are highly active, catalyzing the conversion of a wide range of terminal aminoalkenes at room temperature, and internal aminoalkenes at elevated temperature, to yield pyrrolidine and piperidine products in high yields. A high diastereoselectivity of up to 23:1 is observed at 0 °C with 1‐methyl‐4‐pentenylamine as substrate.
[Magneto-peloidotherapy and hydrogen sulfide baths for the correction of dyslipidemia and immune inflammation in patients with ischemic heart disease during resort treatment]. (2010)

A total of 55 patients with angina of effort (functional classes I-II) were treated by magneto-peloidotherapy and hydrogen sulfide baths. Effectiveness of he treatment was evaluated based on the lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteides), atherogenicity index, lipid peroxidation, reactivity of the antioxidative defense system, and immune characteristics. Results of the study indicate that combination of magneto-peloidotherapy and hydrogen sulfide baths has hypolipidemic effect and reduces lipid peroxidation in the absence of activation of the antioxidative defense system and correction of the disbalanced immune system. Taken together, these effects decrease severity of the systemic inflammatory reaction and facilitate remission of the atherosclerotic process.
Properties of a Hemolysin Produced by Group B Streptococci (1980)

A hemolysin that appears to be responsible for the zones of beta-hemolysis surrounding colonies of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) on blood agar plates has been isolated and partially purified. No soluble hemolysin was detectable in the supernatants of streptococcal cultures grown in several types of media. However, hemolytic activity was detected when streptococci were incubated with erythrocytes, and soluble hemolysin was isolated when bacterial suspensions were incubated in the presence of a variety of agents, including calf serum, albumin, Tween 80, and starch. Glucose and other fermentable carbohydrates stimulated hemolysin production, and metabolic inhibitors greatly reduced the titer of hemolysin that could be recovered, suggesting that cellular metabolism is necessary for hemolysin production or release. The soluble hemolysin was concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and partially purified by gel filtration. Agents known to inhibit other streptococcal hemolysins, including phospholipids, trypan blue, proteases, and cholesterol, were tested for their effect on the group B hemolysin. Only the phospholipids inhibited hemolysin activity. The group B streptococcal hemolysin appears to be similar to, but distinct from, streptolysin S produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Theory of ionic-surface electrical conduction in porous media (1997)

We present a model describing ionic electrical conduction in porous media, with particular emphasis given to surface conduction. The porous medium is assumed to consist of an insulating matrix and an interconnected pore volume that is saturated with an electrolyte. When in contact with an electrolyte, mineral surfaces get an excess of charge that is balanced by mobile ions in an electrical diffuse layer above the surface. Electrical conduction in this diffuse layer can contribute substantially to the effective electrical conductivity of the porous medium. Our surface conduction model is based on a description of surface chemical reactions and electrical diffuse layer processes. For this purpose, we consider an amphoteric mineral surface described by a five-site-type model. We derive the fractional occupancies of positive, negative, and neutral sites on the surface, and the fractional ionic diffuse layer densities, as a function of the salinity and the pH. Finally, the specific surface conductance used to describe the surface electrical conduction is related to the previously mentioned properties, via the electrical surface potential, and is found to be dependent on the electrolyte concentration and pH.
Synthesis of ditwistane and bisnorditwistane: novel ring systems (1974)

K. Hirao, T. Iwakuma, M. Taniguchi, E. Abe, O. Yonemitsu, T. Date and K. Kotera, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 691 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000691
Laser Induced Molecular Micro-Jet Implantation of Perylene Molecules through Water or Diiodomethane Layers (2008)

Laser-induced molecular micro-jets of perylene molecules have been successfully generated in water and diiodomethane layers. The perylene molecules were ejected from a thin film of perylene molecules used as a source by photoexcitation using 4-ns laser pulses onto a borosilicate glass substrate used as a target. The gap between the source and the target was filled with water or diiodomethane. After the ejection, the perylene molecules passed through the liquid layer and were implanted into the target. The focusing of the molecular micro-jet and consequently the shape of the implanted molecular dots depends on the molecular species and type of liquid. This novel technique can be used for the fabrication of a pattern of functional molecular dots on a designated region of hard materials and can be used to manufacture molecular devices, molecular sensors, and optoelectronic devices.
Kawasaki Disease Triggering an Episode of Psoriasis – a Case Report (2022)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic inflammatory illness causing vasculitis. A diffuse polymorphous rash is one of the predominant features of patients presenting with KD. This rash can have a morbilliform, urticarial, micropustular, or further unspecific morphology. Psoriasis-like eruptions following KD were first described by Han et al. 2000 (Han M H et al., Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 548–550), thereafter several case reports – describing over 30 children worldwide – have been published. It usually consists of a single episode with enduring remission, contrasting typical psoriasis. Furthermore, the eruptions can have an atypical presentation with less involvement of the anogenital area and more serous crusting (Haddock E S et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75: 69–76), (Eberhard B A et al., J Pediatr 2000; 137, 4: 578–580). It is a well-known entity amongst dermatologists. However, acknowledgement by the paediatric community is limited. This is also reflected by the fact that 11 publications can be found in a dermatological journal versus 4 publications in a paediatric journal.
What Is Hypercalcemia? The Importance of Fasting Samples (2013)

The differentiation between primary or tertiary (both hypercalcemic) and secondary (normocalcemic) hyperparathyroidism requires the identification of hypercalcemia. Calcium in the blood exists as bound, complexed and ionized fractions. Calcium sensors on parathyroid cells interact only with the ionized fraction (about 50% of the total calcium concentration). Many formulas using albumin, total protein or phosphate to correct or adjust total calcium to reflect the level of ionized calcium may be accurate only within a limited range. In addition, they can introduce errors based on inaccuracies in the measurement of these other metabolites. Clinical conditions, mainly those illnesses affecting acid-base balance, can alter the proportions of bound and free calcium. How and when the blood samples are drawn can alter the level of total calcium. Prolonged standing or prolonged venous stasis causes hemoconcentration, increasing the bound fraction. Preceding exercise can also affect blood calcium levels. Ingestion of calcium supplements or calcium-containing nutrients can cause transient elevations in blood calcium levels lasting several hours, leading to unnecessary further testing. Fasting total calcium levels may be sufficient for monitoring progress. However, for diagnostic purposes, fasting ionized calcium levels should be used. Therefore, for an isolated high total calcium level, we recommend obtaining a repeat fasting total and ionized calcium measurement before further investigations. Hypercalcemia may be diagnosed if there are persistent or frequent total or, preferably, ionized calcium levels >3 SD above the mean of the normal range or if there are progressively rising levels.