gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Babba Prabhu: The Dutch and a Konkani Merchant in Kerala (1985)

The Konkani Brahmin Babba Prabhu served the Dutch in Kerala as a merchant, broker and envoy for many years. Nevertheless, the Dutch were divided in their opinion of him. Rijcklof van Goens trusted him in 1663 as a competent merchant, but a year later Hustaert called him a roguish Brahmin. He was alternately praised and blamed, until in 1691, when Hendrik Adriaan van Reede visited Malabar as a commissioner, he was charged with several difficult tasks and was granted rather exceptional privileges. However, after Van Reede's departure pressure was put on him to repay his debts to the Company. Admittedly we can only trace the changing Dutch opinions of Babba and not his opinion of them. No sources other than the Dutch archives are available to us. But they contain a mass of factual information. From these we will reconstruct Babba's relations with the Dutch.
An Overview of Treatment Options to Combat Peste des Petits Ruminants in Endemic Situations (2014)

Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a disease of sheep, goat and can affect wild animals, caused by the morbillivirus. It mainly affects the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. Clinical signs of PPR are the stomatitis, pyrexia, occulo-nasal discharges along with diarrhea and ulcerative lesions. Although there is experimental work on efficacy of antiviral treatment yet in the field symptomatic treatment and vaccination are the options. Antiviral therapy mainly affects the virus replication and also has the inhibitory effects on the gene silencing for RNA interference. Herbal medicines are also used for treatment such as ethnoveterinary herbal medicine and goat weeds. Goat weed has different actions such as antipyretic, for dressing, laxative and purgative while fruit extracts such as lemon are effective against orf like labial scabs. Antiviral therapy is mainly on experimental basis while herbal medicines are widely used as field treatment. Use of hyper-immune serum, supportive and symptomatic treatment is also used but success rates vary depending on the disease severity and time of treatment.
An adaptive algorithm for modifying hyperellipsoidal decision surfaces (2003)

The learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithm is a common method which allows a set of reference vectors for a distance classifier to adapt to a given training set. The authors have developed a similar learning algorithm, the LVQ using the Mahalanabis distance metric (LVQ-MM), which manipulates hyperellipsoidal cluster boundaries as opposed to reference vectors. Regions of the input feature space are first enclosed by ellipsoidal decision boundaries, and then these boundaries are iteratively modified to reduce classification error. Results obtained by classifying the Iris data set are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neural and biomechanical differences between men and young boys during a variety of motor tasks (1989)

The adaptation in activation patterns of the ankle extensor muscles to different functional demands was studied in adult men (n = 10) and 9-year-old boys (n = 10). The relative magnitude of the activation of the slow soleus (SOL) and the relatively fast medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle was measured during various postures and hopping tasks on a force plate. In addition, the myo-electric activity was quantified in three different phases of the stretch-shortening cycles during hopping. Major differences between boys and adults were observed in the postural tasks, where the boys appeared to utilize the MG to a relatively larger extent. During maximal height hopping there was a clearly larger potentiation of the MG activity in the adults, particularly in the eccentric phase. On the other hand, there were striking similarities between boys and adults with respect to the degree of pre-activation of both muscles during the different hopping regimes as well as potentiation of muscle activity during the concentric phase of maximal height hopping. Thus, some aspects of the selective neural control of the ankle extensor muscles appear to be manifested in pre-pubertal boys. However, the data also indicate that other factors, such as utilization of stored elastic energy in the muscles and stretch reflex potentiation, will still continue to develop from the age of nine.
Quantitative Raman Analysis of Free Carbon in Polymer‐Derived Ceramics (2009)

Nanosized carbon clusters self‐formed in polymer‐derived ceramics (named free carbon) play a key role in determining the properties of the materials. However, it is difficult to quantitatively measure the concentration of the free carbon. Lack of this information restricts the understanding of the properties of the materials. In this paper, we report a Raman spectroscopy‐based quantitative method to measure the free carbon concentration by using silicon as an external reference. We demonstrate that the technique provides a simple and reliable way for the carbon content quantification.
Condition monitoring of power transformers in the Australian State of New South Wales using transfer function measurements (2002)

A Power transformer is a critical unit within a power network. A large transformer failure could cause long interruptions and costly repairs. Therefore, it is desirable to detect potential failures as early as possible. Model based diagnosis such as the transfer function method is becoming increasingly popular in transformer condition monitoring. The transfer function method is particularly useful in identifying faults such as winding deformation and displacement, inter-turn and inter-disc faults. In this paper, practical experiences in transfer function measurements on four identical 132/66/11 kV 30 MVA power transformers has been presented.
Self-assembly of colloidal particles into strings in a homogeneous external electric or magnetic field (2012)

Colloidal particles with a dielectric constant (magnetic susceptibility) mismatch with the surrounding solvent acquire a dipole moment in a homogeneous external electric (magnetic) field. The resulting dipolar interactions can lead to aggregation of the particles into string-like clusters. Recently, several methods have been developed to make these structures permanent. However, especially when multiple particle sizes and/or more complex shapes than single spheres are used, the parameter space for these experiments is enormous. We therefore use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the structure of the self-assembled string-like aggregates in binary mixtures of dipolar hard and charged spheres, as well as dipolar hard asymmetric dumbbells. Binary mixtures of spheres aggregate in different types of clusters depending on the size ratio of the spheres. For highly asymmetric systems, the small spheres form ring-like and flame-like clusters around strings of large spheres, while for size ratios closer to 1, alternating strings of both large and small spheres are observed. For asymmetric dumbbells, we investigate both the effect of size ratio and dipole moment ratio, leading to a large variety of cluster shapes, including chiral clusters.
Tomato cultivar tolerant to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infection induces virus‐specific short interfering RNA accumulation and defence‐associated host gene expression (2010)

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) infection causes significant yield loss in tomato. The availability of a conventional tolerance source against this virus is limited in tomato. To understand the molecular mechanism of virus tolerance in tomato, the abundance of viral genomic replicative intermediate molecules and virus-directed short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by the host plant in a naturally tolerant cultivar H-88-78-1 and a susceptible cultivar Punjab Chhuhara at different time points after agroinfection was studied. We report that less abundance of viral replicative intermediate in the tolerant cultivar may have a correlation with a relatively higher accumulation of virus-specific siRNAs. To study defence-related host gene expression in response to ToLCNDV infection, the suppression subtractive hybridization technique was used. A library was prepared from tolerant cultivar H-88-78-1 between ToLCNDV-inoculated and Agrobacterium mock-inoculated plants of this cultivar at 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). A total of 106 nonredundant transcripts was identified and classified into 12 different categories according to their putative functions. By reverse Northern analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we identified the differential expression pattern of 106 transcripts, 34 of which were up-regulated (>2.5-fold induction). Of these, eight transcripts showed more than four fold induction. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to obtain comparative expression profiling of these eight transcripts between Punjab Chhuhara and H-88-78-1 on ToLCNDV infection. The expression patterns of these transcripts showed a significant increase in differential expression in the tolerant cultivar, mostly at 14 and 21 dpi, in comparison with that in the susceptible cultivar, as analysed by qRT-PCR. The probable direct and indirect relationship of siRNA accumulation and up-regulated transcripts with the ToLCNDV tolerance mechanism is discussed.
Discrete quadratic solitons in waveguide arrays (2003)

Quadratic soliton formation in an array of coupled PPLN channel waveguides was experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The discrete features of the solitons predicted by theory were observed.
Detection of liver-kidney microsomal autoantibodies by radioimmunoassay and their relation to anti-mitochondrial antibodies in inflammatory liver diseases. (1984)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for the detection of liver-kidney microsomal (LKM) autoantibodies. These were detected in four of 62 patients with HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and in one patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). LKM antibodies were not detected in other hepatic and non-hepatic diseases. Other autoantibodies, especially anti-mitochondrial ones, do not react in this assay system. Sera positive for LKM antibodies by RIA showed a cytoplasmic staining of hepatocytes and proximal renal tubules by immunofluorescence. The LKM antigen was detected by RIA in microsomes prepared from rat liver, kidney, stomach, heart, lung, and skeletal muscle. It was destroyed after treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin, but preserved after treatment with RNAase, DNAase and neuraminidase. Upon centrifugation of purified rat liver microsomes in CsCl gradient, LKM reactivity was detected at a density of 1.20 g/ml. In addition, the M2 antigen of the inner mitochondrial membrane specific for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was localized at 1.28 g/ml in these density gradient fractions. The LKM antigen could not be solubilized. The presence of LKM antibodies characterizes a distinct subgroup of HBsAg negative CAH; they do not occur in PBC.
Risk Factors and Tumor Recurrence in pT1N0M0 Gastric Cancer after Surgical Treatment (2016)

Although tumor recurrence is rare in pT1N0M0 gastric cancer, some patients with certain risk factors demonstrate an increased rate of tumor recurrence. Careful follow-up is required for patients with three or four risk factors.
Hybrid aggregates (2012)

Relative to traditional hard disk drives (HDDs), solid state drives (SSDs) provide a very large number of I/Os per second, but they have limited capacity. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, SSDs provide significantly better random I/O throughput per dollar than a typical disk, but the capacity provided per dollar spent on SSDs limits them to the most demanding of datasets. Traditionally, Data ONTAP® storage aggregates have been provisioned using a single type of disk. This restriction limits the costeffectiveness of the storage pool to that of the underlying disks. The Hybrid Aggregates project within the Advanced Technology Group (ATG) explored the potential to combine multiple disk types within a single aggregate. One of the primary goals of the project was to determine whether a hybrid aggregate, composed of SSDs (for their cost-effective performance) and Serial-ATA (SATA) disks (for their cost-effective capacity), could simultaneously provide better cost/performance and cost/throughput ratios than an all Fibre-Channel (FC) solution. The project has taken a two-pronged approach to building a prototype system capable of supporting hybrid aggregates. The first part of the project investigated the changes necessary for Data ONTAP RAID and WAFL® layers to support a hybrid aggregate. This included propagating disk-type information to WAFL, modifying WAFL to support the allocation of blocks from a particular storage class (i.e., disk type), and repurposing the existing writeafter- read and segment-cleaning infrastructure to support the movement of data between storage classes. The second part of the project examined potential policies for allocating and moving data between storage classes within a hybrid aggregate. Through proper policies, it is possible to automatically segregate the data within the aggregate such that the SSD-backed portion of the aggregate absorbs a large fraction of the I/O requests, leaving the SATA disks to contribute capacity for colder data. This paper describes the implementation of the Hybrid Aggregates prototype and the policies for automatic data placement and movement that have been evaluated. It also presents some performance results from the prototype system.
Direct Determination of Equilibrium Potentials for Hydrogen Oxidation/Production by Open Circuit Potential Measurements in Acetonitrile (2013)

Open circuit potentials were measured for acetonitrile solutions of a variety of acids and their conjugate bases under 1 atm H2. Acids examined were triethylammonium, dimethylformamidium, 2,6-dichloroanilinium, 4-cyanoanilinium, 4-bromoanilinium, and 4-anisidinium salts. These potentials, along with the pKa values of the acids, establish the value of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) potential in acetonitrile as -0.028(4) V vs the ferrocenium/ferrocene couple. Dimethylformamidium forms homoconjugates and other aggregates with dimethylformamide; open circuit potentials (OCPs) were used to quantify the extent of these reactions. Overpotentials for electrocatalytic hydrogen production and oxidation were determined from open circuit potentials and voltammograms of acidic or basic catalyst solutions under H2. For these solutions, agreement between OCP values and potentials calculated using the Nernst equation is within 12 mV. Use of the measured equilibrium potential allows direct comparison of catalytic systems in different media; it requires neither pKa values, homoconjugation constants, nor the SHE potential.
Data from The Cell Type–Specific 5hmC Landscape and Dynamics of Healthy Human Hematopoiesis and <i>TET2</i>-Mutant Preleukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a key step in DNA demethylation that is mediated by ten–eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which require ascorbate/vitamin C. Here, we report the 5hmC landscape of normal hematopoiesis and identify cell type–specific 5hmC profiles associated with active transcription and chromatin accessibility of key hematopoietic regulators. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to model &lt;i&gt;TET2&lt;/i&gt; loss-of-function mutations in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Disrupted cells exhibited increased colonies in serial replating, defective erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; competitive advantage and myeloid skewing coupled with reduction of 5hmC at erythroid-associated gene loci. Azacitidine and ascorbate restored 5hmC abundance and slowed or reverted the expansion of &lt;i&gt;TET2&lt;/i&gt;-mutant clones &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. These results demonstrate the key role of 5hmC in normal hematopoiesis and &lt;i&gt;TET2-&lt;/i&gt;mutant phenotypes and raise the possibility of utilizing these agents to further our understanding of preleukemia and clonal hematopoiesis.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;We show that 5-hydroxymethylation profiles are cell type–specific and associated with transcriptional abundance and chromatin accessibility across human hematopoiesis. &lt;i&gt;TET2&lt;/i&gt; loss caused aberrant growth and differentiation phenotypes and disrupted 5hmC and transcriptional landscapes. Treatment of &lt;i&gt;TET2&lt;/i&gt; KO HSPCs with ascorbate or azacitidine reverted 5hmC profiles and restored aberrant phenotypes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/bloodcancerdiscov/article/doi/10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-3-4-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 265&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
GaPO<inf>4</inf>: an interesting crystal for vibrating inertial sensors (2009)

New experimental results on Gallium Orthophosphate (GaPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) vibrating beams are presented: a quality factor (Q) of 700 000 has been measured for a one millimeter width beam at about 10 kHz, as well as Q of 130 000 for a 150 ¿m beam width at 110 kHz. At this frequency range, such high quality factors are obtained for the first time on GaPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> flexure mode beams. Frequency temperature dependence of 10 to 20 ppm/K has been also measured, depending on the beam orientation, in accordance with the theoretical predictions. The GaPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> is a quartz homeotype piezoelectric single crystal, well-known for its temperature stability (up to 970°C) and its higher electromechanical coupling coefficients than the quartz. These new results confirm the potentiality of GaPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> in the field of vibrating inertial sensors: for Vibrating Beam Accelerometer (VBA) an improvement of the bias stability -i.e frequency stability - by a factor 10 is expected on the basis of the measured higher quality factor and lower frequency temperature dependence than the quartz.
Ecotype-Dependent Response of Bacterial Communities Associated withArabidopsisto Cold Acclimation (2017)

Low temperature is a primary factor limiting geographical distribution of plants and crop yield in large areas of the world. Plant-associated microbial communities have rarely been acknowledged as possible determinants of cold acclimation, the process leading to freezing tolerance in plants. Here we studied the impact of cold acclimation on leaf-associated bacteria by analyzing 10 different Arabidopsis ecotypes differing widely in their freezing tolerance. In climate chamber experiments, we found that leaves of all Arabidopsis accessions were colonized by highly diverse bacterial taxa (852 operational taxonomic units) mainly from Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. During cold acclimation, in all ecotypes the bacterial community composition and diversity, and especially the core species composition changed drastically. However, the response of the bacterial communities was highly ecotype-dependent; sensitive and tolerant accessions shared only eight responders. Unique responders in tolerant accessions were identified as putative indicators of freezing tolerance. Thus, leaf bacteria appear to be genotype-dependent associated with cold acclimation, which suggests an additional function of plant−microbe interaction and may open new possibilities for biotechnological applications.
Incorporation of Electronics within a Compact, Fully Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Device (2002)

The promise of expanded indications for left ventricular assist devices in the future for very long-term applications (10+ years) prompts sealed (i.e. fully implanted) systems and less-obtrusive and more reliable implanted components than their external counterparts in percutaneous configurations. Furthermore, sealed systems increase the fraction of total power losses dissipated intracorporeally, a disadvantage that must be carefully managed. We set out to incorporate the motor drive and levitation control electronics within the HeartMate III blood pump without substantially increasing the pump's size. Electronics based on a rigid-flex satellite printed circuit board (PCB) arrangement that could be folded into a very compact, dense package were designed, fabricated, and tested. The pump's lower housing was redesigned to accommodate these PCBs without increasing any dimension of the pump except the height, and that by only 5 mm. The interconnect cable was reduced from 22 wires to 10 (two fully redundant sets of 5). An ongoing test of the assembled pump in vitro has demonstrated no problems in 5 months. In addition, a 20-day in vivo test showed only 1 degrees C temperature rises, equivalent to pumps without incorporated electronics at similar operating conditions.
Polysaccharides Isolated from Açaí Fruit Induce Innate Immune Responses (2011)

The Açaí (Acai) fruit is a popular nutritional supplement that purportedly enhances immune system function. These anecdotal claims are supported by limited studies describing immune responses to the Acai polyphenol fraction. Previously, we characterized γδ T cell responses to both polyphenol and polysaccharide fractions from several plant-derived nutritional supplements. Similar polyphenol and polysaccharide fractions are found in Acai fruit. Thus, we hypothesized that one or both of these fractions could activate γδ T cells. Contrary to previous reports, we did not identify agonist activity in the polyphenol fraction; however, the Acai polysaccharide fraction induced robust γδ T cell stimulatory activity in human, mouse, and bovine PBMC cultures. To characterize the immune response to Acai polysaccharides, we fractionated the crude polysaccharide preparation and tested these fractions for activity in human PBMC cultures. The largest Acai polysaccharides were the most active in vitro as indicated by activation of myeloid and γδ T cells. When delivered in vivo, Acai polysaccharide induced myeloid cell recruitment and IL-12 production. These results define innate immune responses induced by the polysaccharide component of Acai and have implications for the treatment of asthma and infectious disease.
The posttranslationally modified C-terminal structure of bovine aortic smooth muscle rhoA p21 (1991)

rhoA p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, has the same C-terminal consensus motif of Cys-A-A-X (A is an aliphatic amino acid and X is any amino acid) as ras p21s, which is posttranslationally processed. We here determine the posttranslationally processed C-terminal structure of the rhoA p21 purified from bovine aortic smooth muscle. Incubation of rhoA p21-expressing insect cells with exogenous [3H]mevalonolactone caused the labeling of rhoA p21, suggesting that rhoA p21 is prenylated. Consistently, Raney nickel treatment of rhoA p21 released a geranylgeranyl moiety as estimated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. No lipid moiety was released by KOH or NH2OH treatment. Extensive digestion of rhoA p21 with Achromobacter protease I yielded a C-terminal peptide, Ser-Gly-Cys190, that lacked the three C-terminal amino acids predicted from the cDNA but was geranylgeranylated and carboxyl methylated at the cysteine residue. Bovine brain cytosol geranylgeranylated the bacterial rhoA p21 having the three C-terminal amino acids predicted from the cDNA but not the protein lacking the three C-terminal amino acids. Bovine brain membranes methylated the synthetic C-terminal peptide with 10 amino acids of rhoA p21 which was geranylgeranylated at its C-terminal cysteine residue but not the peptide which was not geranylgeranylated. These results suggest that rhoA p21 is first geranylgeranylated followed by removal of the three C-terminal amino acids and the subsequent carboxyl methylation of the exposed cysteine residue.