gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of adenovirus core protein VII: a histone-like protein that is critical for adenovirus core formation (2017)

Adenovirus protein VII is a highly cationic core protein that forms a nucleosome-like structure in the adenovirus core by condensing DNA in combination with protein V and mu. It has been proposed that protein VII could condense DNA in a manner analogous to mammalian histones. Due to the lack of an expression and purification protocol, the interactions between protein VII and DNA are poorly understood. In this study we describe methods for the purification of biologically active recombinant protein VII using an E. coli expression system. We expressed a cleavable fusion of protein VII with thioredoxin and established methods for purification of this fusion protein in denatured form. We describe an efficient method for resolving the cleavage products to obtain pure protein VII using hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Mass spectroscopy data confirmed its mass and purity to be 19.4 kDa and >98 %, respectively. Purified recombinant protein VII spontaneously condensed dsDNA to form particles, as shown by dye exclusion assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and nuclease protection assay. Additionally, an in vitro bioluminescence assay revealed that protein VII can be used to enhance the transfection of mammalian cells with lipofectamine/DNA complexes. The availability of recombinant protein VII will facilitate future studies of the structure of the adenovirus core. Improved understanding of the structure and function of protein VII will be valuable in elucidating the mechanism of adenoviral DNA condensation, defining the morphology of the adenovirus core and establishing the mechanism by which adenoviral DNA enters the nucleus.
Development Of A Functional Molecule With Fluorescent Properties For High Cholesterol Analogy (2018)

Many people are concerned about cholesterol because of high cholesterol levels in their blood. However, cholesterol is crucial for our life and participates in many events in the body. Most importantly, cholesterol is an essential component of cellular membranes, where it serves various functions. The membrane is a fundamental structure that surrounds the whole cell
Recombinant Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor in Liposome Model Activates G Protein in Response to Anionic Lipid Constituents (2011)

Human cannabinoid type 2 (CB(2)) receptor expressed in Escherichia coli was purified and successfully reconstituted in the functional form into lipid bilayers composed of POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (POPS), and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS). Reconstitution was performed by detergent removal from the protein/lipid/detergent mixed micelles either on an adsorbent column, or by rapid dilution to below the critical micelle concentration of detergent followed by removal of detergent monomers on a concentrator. Proteoliposomes prepared at a protein/phospholipid/CHS molar ratio of 1/620-650/210-220 are free of detergent as shown by (1)H NMR, have a homogeneous protein/lipid ratio shown by isopycnic gradient ultracentrifugation, and are small in size with a mean diameter of 150-200 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering. Functional integrity of the reconstituted receptor was confirmed by quantitative binding of (2)H-labeled agonist CP-55,940-d(6) measured by (2)H magic angle spinning NMR, as well as by activation of G protein. The efficiency of G protein activation by agonist-bound CB(2) receptor was affected by negative electric surface potentials of proteoliposomes controlled by the content of anionic CHS or POPS. The activation was highest at an anionic lipid content of about 50 mol %. There was no correlation between the efficiency of G protein activation and an increase of hydrocarbon chain order induced by CHS or cholesterol. The results suggest the importance of anionic lipids in regulating signal transduction by CB(2) receptor and other class A GPCR. The successful reconstitution of milligram quantities of pure, functional CB(2) receptor enables a wide variety of structural studies.
The influence of surface state and saturation state on the dissolution kinetics of biogenic aragonite in seawater (1989)

Laboratory observations of aragonite dissolution in seawater, under temperature and pressure conditions that approximate the natural oceanic environment, indicate that R = k{prime}((CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3}){sub s} - (CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3})){sup n} is an appropriate expression describing the dependence of dissolution rate on seawater saturation, state, where R is aragonite dissolution rate in percent per day, (CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3}){sub s} is the carbonate ion concentration at saturation, and (CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3}) is the in-situ carbonate ion concentration. Under conditions in which the influence of surface alteration is minimized, plots of dissolution rate, R, versus ((CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3}){sub s} - (CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3})) approach linearity. Consequently, in the absence of surface alteration effects, our results suggest that the reaction order, n, in the above expression should be equal to one. Use of single pteropod shells in extended experimental sequences indicates that progressive roughening of the shell surface by dissolution can substantially enhance shell dissolution rates. Surface alteration leads to variable values of the rate constant, k{prime}, in the expression above. For rate measurements obtained at increasing degrees of both undersaturation and shell roughness, the multiplicative factors k{prime} and ((CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3}){sub s} - (CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3})) give rise to curvature in plotsmore » of rate versus ((CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3}){sub s} - (CO{sup 2{minus}}{sub 3})). For models in which variations in k{prime} are not explicitly acknowledged, dissolution rates are generally described successfully with reaction orders (n) greater than one. Our experiments, performed at variable pressure, were modeled using several realistic partial molar volume changes ({delta} V) for aragonite dissolution in seawater.« less
ATP-dependent Assembly of the Human Origin Recognition Complex (2007)

The origin recognition complex (ORC) was initially discovered in budding yeast extracts as a protein complex that binds with high affinity to autonomously replicating sequences in an ATP-dependent manner. We have cloned and expressed the human homologs of the ORC subunits as recombinant proteins. In contrast to other eukaryotic initiators examined thus far, assembly of human ORC in vitro is dependent on ATP binding. Mutations in the ATP-binding sites of Orc4 or Orc5 impair complex assembly, whereas Orc1 ATP binding is not required. Immunofluorescence staining of human cells with anti-Orc3 antibodies demonstrate cell cycle-dependent association with a nuclear structure. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that ORC disassembles as cells progress through S phase. The Orc6 protein binds directly to the Orc3 subunit and interacts as part of ORC in vivo. These data suggest that the assembly and disassembly of ORC in human cells is uniquely regulated and may contribute to restricting DNA replication to once in every cell division cycle.
Suppression of Harmonic Current for IPMSM using Generalized Repetitive Control (2014)

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are generally driven by current control based on a vector control system. Usually, in such a system, the harmonic current appears in the current control loop. Some harmonic current suppression control methods using repetitive control have been proposed. In earlier repetitive control techniques, the amount of memory for implementation was not considered explicitly. Furthermore, optimality was not ensured in our earlier studies. In this paper, we present a novel harmonic current suppression method using the generalized repetitive control. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method achieves better control performance while taking into account the amount of memory for implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experiments.
Refined Hardness of Distance-Optimal Multi-Agent Path Finding (2022)

We study the computational complexity of multi-agent path finding (MAPF). Given a graph $G$ and a set of agents, each having a start and target vertex, the goal is to find collision-free paths minimizing the total distance traveled. To better understand the source of difficulty of the problem, we aim to study the simplest and least constrained graph class for which it remains hard. To this end, we restrict $G$ to be a 2D grid, which is a ubiquitous abstraction, as it conveniently allows for modeling well-structured environments (e.g., warehouses). Previous hardness results considered highly constrained 2D grids having only one vertex unoccupied by an agent, while the most restricted hardness result that allowed multiple empty vertices was for (non-grid) planar graphs. We therefore refine previous results by simultaneously considering both 2D grids and multiple empty vertices. We show that even in this case distance-optimal MAPF remains NP-hard, which settles an open problem posed by Banfi et al. (2017). We present a reduction directly from 3-SAT using simple gadgets, making our proof arguably more informative than previous work in terms of potential progress towards positive results. Furthermore, our reduction is the first linear one for the case where $G$ is planar, appearing nearly four decades after the first related result. This allows us to go a step further and exploit the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) to obtain an exponential lower bound for the running time of the problem. Finally, as a stepping stone towards our main results, we prove the NP-hardness of the monotone case, in which agents move one by one with no intermediate stops.
Long-Term Follow-Up in Adrenal Incidentalomas: An Italian Multicenter Study (2014)

SH is associated with the risk of incident CVEs. Besides the clinical follow-up, in patients with an AI >2.4 cm, a long-term biochemical follow-up is also required because of the risk of SH development.
Disruption of the A3 Adenosine Receptor Gene in Mice and Its Effect on Stimulated Inflammatory Cells (2000)

The A(3) adenosine receptor (A3AR) is one of four receptor subtypes for adenosine and is expressed in a broad spectrum of tissues. In order to study the function of A3AR, a mouse line carrying a mutant A(3) allele was generated. Mice homozygous for targeted disruption of the A3AR gene, A3AR(-/-), are fertile and visually and histologically indistinguishable from wild type mice. The lack of a functional receptor in the A3AR(-/-) mice was confirmed by molecular and pharmacological analyses. The absence of A3AR protein expression in the A3AR(-/-) mice was demonstrated by lack of N(6)-(4-amino-3-[(125)I]iodobenzyl)adenosine binding to bone marrow-derived mast cell membranes that were found to express high levels of A3AR in wild type mice. In A3AR(-/-) mice, the density of A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptor subtypes was the same as in A3AR(+/+) mice as determined by radioligand binding to brain membranes. Additionally, A(2B) receptor transcript expression was not affected by ablation of the A3AR gene. A3AR(-/-) mice have basal heart rates and arterial blood pressures indistinguishable from A3AR(+/+) mice. Functionally, in contrast to wild type mice, adenosine and the A3AR-specific agonist, 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyl-carboxamide (2-Cl-IB-MECA), elicit no potentiation of antigen-dependent degranulation of bone marrow-derived mast cells from A3AR(-/-) mice as measured by hexosaminidase release. Also, the ability of 2Cl-IB-MECA to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vivo was decreased in A3AR(-/-) mice in comparison to A3AR(+/+) mice. The A(2A) adenosine receptor agonist, 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, produced inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in both A3AR(-/-) and A3AR(+/+) mice. These results show that the inhibition in vivo can be mediated by multiple subtypes, specifically the A(3) and A(2A) adenosine receptors, and A3AR activation plays an important role in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses.
The objective assessment of surgical skill (2000)

AbstractThere are many facets to being a skilful surgeon. Knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology, operative theory and practice are all of vital importance. In addition, skills in decision-making, communication and team-leadership are all needed. Psychomotor manual dexterity is also of importance, particularly when considering the field of minimal-access surqery (MAS). There is a growing need to be able to assess surgical ‘skill’, both for the purposes of training and for the maintenance of exemplary practice. Attempts by academia and industry to produce systems to give an objective assessment of surgical ‘skill’ have been fraught with difficulty. Objectively assessing such a multifaceted phenomenon as ‘surgical skill’ produces many problems. This article aims to highlight some of the difficulties encountered when trying to produce a system of objective assessment, with a particular focus on MAS, and describes some of the solutions that have been described.Key Words: trainingsurgical skillminimal access surgery
Local Arrangement of Substitutional C Atoms and the Thermal Stability of Epitaxial Si:C(P) Grown by CVD (2017)

Si:C alloys are potential candidates for source-drain stressor applications meant for n-type FinFETs. To function as an effective stressor, the substitutional C concentration (Csub) must be ≥ 1.5%. Increasing the C content to achieve high strain results in local arrangement of a fraction of Csub atoms in the form of third nearest neighbors (3 nn). We investigate if this 3 nn arrangement can be controlled by choosing optimal growth conditions and we also explore if this arrangement has an impact on the thermal stability of the Si:C layers, if they are subjected to high temperature processing. For a given Csub concentration, the use of a cyclic deposition and etching scheme reduces the 3 nn distribution in comparison to a single step deposition process. The 3 nn concentration also varied with respect to the choice of the Si precursor. Faster growth rates and adding in-situ doping did not significantly influence the 3 nn concentration for disilane, whereas the 3 nn concentration was considerably lower if trisilane was used as Si precursor. For the Si:C layers with comparable crystalline quality, the Csub loss during thermal annealing did not show a regular trend with respect to 3 nn distribution.
Volumetric infusion pumps: The challenge of change (2002)

A planned approach to the introduction of new infusion pumps in a large paediatric setting is described by Pauline Brown
Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Torso Imaging Using Reconfigurable Antennas (2019)

Thoracic disorders, such as lung and liver cancer, and congestive heart failure are the major causes of chronic morbidity and mortality in the world. Electromagnetic imaging (EMI) is an emerging technique to diagnose those abnormalities in a fast and cost-effective way. In that regard, a portable human torso scanner, including a pattern reconfigurable metasurface antenna as a data acquisition device and a three-dimensional backpropagation method as an imaging algorithm are proposed. The utilized antenna consists of three rectangular microstrip-fed slot radiators to scan the torso in the bandwidth of 0.8-1.15 GHz. The image construction algorithm is then utilized to detect the locations of contrasts in dielectric properties of tissues, which are due to abnormal tissue. To that end, the electromagnetic power intensity inside the three-dimensional imaging region is estimated by combining a backpropagation technique with an interpolation method. The proposed method is successfully tested in measurements by detecting 20 mL accumulated water inside lungs of a human torso phantom as an emulation of pulmonary edema. The obtained results show that the proposed technique enables the accurate detection and localization of the target.
Role of self-focusing and phase modulation in the large spectral bandwidth stimulated Rayleigh scattering (1996)

Summary form only given. The study of Rayleigh light scattering is interesting not only for its applications such as phase conjugation but also as a way to explore the interactions between matter and light. Recently a large spectral bandwidth stimulated scattering from CS/sub 2/ has been investigated in bulk, liquid hollow-core fibers, and microdrops. However, despite all the results and explanations, one question remains: the origin of such a large spectral broadening mostly because several physical processes are involved simultaneously in the scattering. We discuss the role of self-focusing and phase modulation on the large spectral bandwidth stimulated Rayleigh-wing scattering (SRWS).
Field detection in single and double barrier MgO magnetic tunnel junction sensors (2008)

Single and double barrier MgO based magnetic tunnel junction sensors were processed with area of 200μm2 and small aspect ratios (&amp;lt;2). These sensors present resistance area products ranging from 10to70kΩμm2 and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) values of up to 160%. Sensor linearization was mostly obtained by thinning the CoFeB free layer to 15.5A, close to the free layer transition from ferromagnetic to superparamagnetic behavior. Three different thicknesses were studied for the free layer CoFeB: 1.55, 1.8, and 3nm. The CoFeB thickness decrease required for the linearization implies a loss in TMR. Field detection range of ∼80pT∕Hz0.5 was obtained for both double and single barrier sensors (at 500KHz). Out of the 1∕f regime, the detection range decreases to ∼2pT∕Hz0.5 for the single barrier sensor. The field detection dependence on bias voltage was also studied at 500KHz and outside the 1∕f dominated regime.
Multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) stereo system (2003)

A computational framework for an accurate, robust, and efficient stereo approach is developed. Most of the deficiencies prevailing in current computational models of stereo can be attributed to their use of a single, typically edge-element-based, primitive for stereo analysis and to their use of a single-level control strategy. The multi-primitive hierarchical (MPH) framework for stereo analysis presented is directed toward overcoming these deficiencies. In the MPH model, stereo analysis is performed in multiple stages, incorporating multiple primitives and utilizing a hierarchical control strategy. The higher levels of the hierarchical system are based on primitives containing more semantic information, and the results of stereo analysis at higher levels are used for guidance at the lower levels. It is shown that such a stereo system is superior to a single-level, single-primitive system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Imprinted silicon-based nanophotonics (2007)

We demonstrate and optically characterize silicon-on-insulator based nanophotonic devices fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. In our demonstration, we have realized ordinary and topology-optimized photonic crystal waveguide structures. The topology-optimized structures require lateral pattern definition on a sub 30-nm scale in combination with a deep vertical silicon etch of the order of ~300 nm. The nanoimprint method offers a cost-efficient parallel fabrication process with state-of-the-art replication fidelity, comparable to direct electron beam writing.
Individualized metabolic profiling stratifies pancreatic and biliary tract cancer: a useful tool for innovative screening programs and predictive strategies in healthcare (2018)

The levels of the 14 discriminative LMIs were higher in the PC and BTC groups than in the control, CRC and OVC groups, but only two LMIs discriminated between PC and BTC: lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (16:0) and LysoPC(20:4). The levels of these two LysoPCs were also slightly lower in the PC/BTC/CRC/OVC groups compared with the control group. Taken together, the data showed that metabolic profiling can precisely denote the status of cancer, and, thus, could be useful for screening. This study not only details efficient methods to identify discriminative LMIs for cancer screening but also provides an example of metabolic profiling for distinguishing PC from BTC. Furthermore, the two metabolites [LysoPC(16:0), LysoPC(20:4)] shown to discriminate these diseases are potentially useful when combined with other, previously identified protein or metabolic biomarkers for predictive, preventive and personalized medical approach.
Human Cationic Trypsinogen (2000)

Mutation Asn-21 --> Ile in human cationic trypsinogen (Tg-1) has been associated with hereditary pancreatitis. Recent studies with rat anionic Tg (Tg-2) indicated that the analogous Thr-21 --> Ile mutation stabilizes the zymogen against autoactivation, whereas it has no effect on catalytic properties or autolytic stability of trypsin (Sahin-Tóth, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 29699-29704). In the present paper, human cationic Tg (Asn-21-Tg) and mutants Asn-21 --> Ile (Ile-21-Tg) and Asn-21 --> Thr (Thr-21-Tg) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and zymogen activation, zymogen degradation, and trypsin autolysis were studied. Enterokinase activated Asn-21-Tg approximately 2-fold better than Ile-21-Tg or Thr-21-Tg, and catalytic parameters of trypsins were comparable. At 37 degrees C, in 5 mm Ca(2+), all three trypsins were highly stable. In the absence of Ca(2+), Asn-21- and Ile-21-trypsins suffered autolysis in an indistinguishable manner, whereas Thr-21-trypsin exhibited significantly increased stability. In sharp contrast to observations with the rat proenzyme, at pH 8.0, 37 degrees C, autoactivation kinetics of Asn-21-Tg and Ile-21-Tg were identical; however, at pH 5. 0, Ile-21-Tg autoactivated at an enhanced rate relative to Asn-21-Tg. Remarkably, at both pH values, Thr-21-Tg showed markedly higher autoactivation rates than the two other zymogens. Finally, autocatalytic proteolysis of human zymogens was limited to cleavage at Arg-117, and no digestion at Lys-188 was detected. The observations indicate that zymogen stabilization by Ile-21 as observed in rat Tg-2 is not characteristic of human Tg-1. Instead, an increased propensity to autoactivation under acidic conditions might be relevant to the pathomechanism of the Asn-21 --> Ile mutation in hereditary pancreatitis. In the same context, faster autoactivation and increased trypsin stability caused by the Asn-21 --> Thr mutation in human Tg-1 might provide a rationale for the evolutionary divergence from Thr-21 found in other mammalian trypsinogens.
In colonic ρ0 (rho0) cells reduced mitochondrial function mediates transcriptomic alterations associated with cancer (2017)

We identified established and novel regulators in colon cancer pathobiology that are dependent on mitochondrial energy reprogramming and linked to poorer patient survival.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Flavanones and Chromanones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.