gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All solution-processed amorphous oxide thin-film transistors using UV/O3 treatment (2014)

In the fabrication of amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) by all-solution process, an ultraviolet–ozone (UV/O 3 ) treatment and solution materials were adopted. By applying the UV/O 3 treatment for solution-processed In 2− x Ga x ZnO 4 channel layers, enhancement of TFT characteristics was achieved. In particular, the most appropriate metal composition for the In 2− x Ga x ZnO 4 system with UV/O 3 treatment was found to be x = 1.0. In addition to the channel layers, solution-processed LaNiO 3 , Bi–Nb–O/La–Ta–O stacked layer, and ITO films were formed as the gate electrode, gate insulator, and source and drain electrodes, respectively, for TFT fabrication. Using UV/O 3 treatment and solution materials, all-solution-processed amorphous oxide TFTs were successfully fabricated, and superior TFT properties, including an on–off current ratio of 10 7 , a threshold voltage of 1.6 V, a subthreshold swing of 200 mV/decade, and a field-effect mobility of 0.49 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , were achieved.
The size of thyroid nodules contributing to the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (2014)

Objective To evaluate the association of the size of thyroid nodules and accuracy of fineneedle aspiration cytology in diagnose of thyroid nodules.Methods 691 thyroid nodules in 630 patients pathologically confirmed were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital.All imaging data of preoperative ultrasound-guided FNAC were collected in our review.Yields of FNAC were divided into six levels according to the classification criteria of the Bethesda system(level Ⅰ,insufficient material or nondiagnosed;level Ⅱ,benign ; level Ⅲ,atypical hyperplasia; level Ⅳ,follicular neoplasm ; level Ⅴ,suspicious for malignancy; level Ⅵ,malignant),＞level Ⅳ was the malignant cytologic criteria for diagnosis of thyroid nodules.According to the maximal diameter of thyroid nodules,the nodules were divided into group A(L≤0.5 cm),group B(0.5 cm＜L＜1.0 cm) and group C(L≥1.0 cm).Postoperative pathologic results were taken as the gold standard.Results Of 691 nodules,there were 176(25.47％),298(43.13％) and 217(31.40％) in group A,group B and group C respectively.Among the three groups,accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNAC in group B (90.94 ％) was higher than in group A(80.11％) and group C(83.41 ％),with statistically significant(P ＜0.05).There was not statistically different between group A and group C(P ＞0.05).The specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were not statistically different among three groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusions The size of thyroid nodules was partly associated with accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNAC.

Key words: 
Ultrasonography ;  Thyroid nodules ;  Biopsy, fine-needle
In Situ FTIR-ATR Examination of Poly(acrylic acid) Adsorbed onto Hematite at Low pH (2003)

The adsorption of water-soluble polymers (e.g., flocculants, coagulants) onto mineral particles is typically characterized by “trains” of adsorbed polymer segments with “loops” and “tails” of unadsorbed polymer segments that extend into the solution. Ex situ spectroscopic studies carried out in the past have been complicated by the way in which the unadsorbed segments of the polymer interact with the surface of the substrate upon drying. In this study, an in situ Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection technique was used to examine the interaction of poly(acrylic acid) and hematite at pH 2. A hematite colloid was deposited onto a ZnSe crystal, and the poly(acrylic acid) solution was subsequently pumped across the coated crystal at a known rate. Polymer adsorption was irreversible and could be described by a Langmuir isotherm, the rate of curvature of which suggested that the adsorption was weak. The mode of adsorption was shown to be bidentate chelate complexation by the carboxylate functional group to a surface ferric ion. Pimelic acid, a simple model compound effectively representing a polymer consisting of only two monomer functionalities, adsorbed onto hematite in the same manner at pH 2 and gave no infrared spectral peaks associated with unadsorbed carboxylate groups, thereby supporting the proposed adsorption mechanism. The technique could also discriminate between the adsorbed and the unadsorbed segments of the adsorbed polymer molecule, however; the fraction of adsorbed segments was difficult to quantify. When a number of assumptions were made, it was found that at most 9% of the carboxylate functional groups of the polymer were adsorbed onto the hematite.
The Genetics of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome (2010)

In this review, we discuss the genetic architecture of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, highlighting recent advances in identifying genetic variants and loci responsible for a portion of the variation in components of the metabolic syndrome, namely, adiposity traits, serum HDL and triglycerides, blood pressure, and glycemic traits. We focus particularly on recent progress from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), by detailing their successes and how lessons learned can pave the way for future discovery. Results from recent GWAS coalesce with earlier work suggesting numerous interconnections between obesity and the metabolic syndrome, developed through several potentially pleiotropic effects. We detail recent work by way of a case study on the cadherin 13 gene and its relation with adiponectin in the HyperGEN and the Framingham Heart Studies, and its association with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We provide also a gene network analysis of recent variants related to obesity and metabolic syndrome discovered through genome-wide association studies, and 4 gene networks based on searching the NCBI database.
Crystal structure of THEP1 from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus: a variation of the RecA fold. (2005)

We conclude that the structure of aaTHEP1 represents a variation of the RecA fold. Although the catalytic function of aaTHEP1 remains unclear, structural details indicate that it does not belong to the group of GTPases, kinases or adenosyltransferases. A mainly positive electrostatic surface indicates that aaTHEP1 might be a DNA/RNA modifying enzyme. The resolved structure of aaTHEP1 can serve as paradigm for the complete THEP1 family.
Vital signs services for secure telemedicine applications. (1998)

Telemedicine using teleconference provides only a part of the picture. The remote patient's electronic medical record and vital signs may often be essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. While there are commercial solutions for telemonitoring, they do not address issues such as security and interoperability leveraging the growing public communications infrastructure. On the other hand there are performance considerations due to the quality of service over available communications media that can hinder real-time operation. The objective of this research effort is to develop secure tele-monitoring facilities that enable healthcare providers to collaborate over public communication networks; to securely convey their patient's vital signs to a remote specialist; and to enable "near real-time" examination of those vital sign data. It is our belief that such applications can help overcome barriers to quality healthcare in the scattered populations of rural areas enabling telemedicine to be a part of the practice of medicine. The authors, who are developing secure telemedicine applications, describe their approach in developing secure vital signs services.
Splash, pop, sizzle: Information processing with phononic computing (2015)

Phonons, the quanta of mechanical vibration, are important to the transport of heat and sound in solid materials. Recent advances in the fundamental control of phonons (phononics) have brought into prominence the potential role of phonons in information processing. In this review, the many directions of realizing phononic computing and information processing are examined. Given the relative similarity of vibrational transport at different length scales, the related fields of acoustic, phononic, and thermal information processing are all included, as are quantum and classical computer implementations. Connections are made between the fundamental questions in phonon transport and phononic control and the device level approach to diodes, transistors, memory, and logic.
Optimisation of the drill-in behaviour of the EcoFit® SC threaded cup (2019)

Threaded cups show good clinical results when implanted correctly. In clinical use, multiple cases with an incomplete placement of the EcoFit threaded cup (implantcast) were observed. This behaviour could not be explained intra- and postoperatively. The aim of this study was to compare and optimise the drill-in-behaviour of the EcoFit cup in a biomechanical investigation. EcoFit cup sizes 46, 50 and 54 mm were compared with the SC cup (Aesculap) size 50 mm. Foam blocks (Sawbones) of density 0.16 g/ml (pcf 10), 0.32 g/ml (pcf 20) and 0.48 g/ml (pcf 30) were used. After standardised placement using a universal testing system (n = 8 per group), the primary stability, the overhang of the cups and the drill-in behaviour were measured. Overreamings of 1 and 2 mm were performed (pcf 20, n = 8) for the EcoFit cup size 50 and the primary stability as well as the overhang measurements were examined. Measurements of the cup diameter, thread depth and thread pitch were performed on three-dimensional (3D) images of the cup size 50 mm. The drill-in behaviour was different between the EcoFit and the SC cups. Even with maximum torque, the EcoFit cup could not be positioned as deep as the SC cup in standard reaming conditions (overhang of 1.1 ± 0.4 mm for the EcoFit size 50 in pcf 20 and of -0.01 ± 0.2 mm for the SC cup). The primary stability was lower for the EcoFit cup in comparison to the SC cup (128.8 ± 3.2 Nm vs. 138.6 ± 9.1 Nm, p = 0.0291). With overreaming to 51 mm, a deeper positioning of the EcoFit was possible (overlap of -0.3 ± 0.1, comparable to the SC cup). The overreaming of the cavity also led to a significantly higher primary stability of 143.4 ± 3.7 Nm (p < 0.001) comparable to the unaltered condition (128.8 ± 3.2 Nm). Overreaming to 52 mm had no further advantage in terms of primary stability or overhang. The geometric measurements showed significant differences as well. The previously clinically observed difficulties in inserting the cup were confirmed by this study. By overreaming to 51 mm, the drill-in behaviour, the primary stability and the measured overhang were comparable to the reference cup. The obtained results suggest that the extension of the acetabulum cavity to 51 mm while using the implantcast EcoFit size 50 should be implemented in clinical applications.
Aromatic diazo and azo compounds LXIV. New amino compounds and new azo dyes based on naphto[2,1-d]oxazole (2011)

The paper is focused on innovation of a chemical process leading to new amino&#13;\ncompounds of structural formula I and their application to preparation of new azo&#13;\ndyes II. The procedure of preparation of the key derivative is presented. This&#13;\nderivative is aminonaphthoxazoledisulfonic acid III, which is used in syntheses of&#13;\na number of azo dyes belonging to various technological and application&#13;\ncategories. In this way, a chemically new class of azo dyes, containing the&#13;\nnaphtho[2,1-d]oxazole skeleton in their molecules, was established.
Lithium metal synthesis (2023)

System and methods for producing lithium metal from an anodic half-cell and a cathodic half-cell with a lithium permeable membrane therebetween.
Covert underwater acoustic communications: Transceiver structures, waveform designs and associated performances (2010)

Covert communications are conducted at a low received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to prevent interception or detection by an eavesdropper, and successful detection in this particular area heavily relies on the processing gain achieved by employing the direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technique. If covert communications take place in underwater acoustic (UWA) environments, then additional challenges are present. UWA channels are time-varying in nature, which could preclude an accurate channel estimation at low SNR. Furthermore, UWA environments are frequency-selective with long-memory channels, which imposes challenges to the design of the spreading waveform. In this paper, we investigate covert UWA communications from a noncoherent perspective. Two modulation schemes are addressed, namely, binary orthogonal modulation and binary differential phase-shift keying (DPSK). Both schemes are coupled with the DSSS technique and a RAKE receiver. The employed spreading waveforms not only account for the transceiver structure and frequency-selective nature of the UWA channel, but also serve to protect the privacy of the transmitted information. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by numerical examples.
Formability and Productivity Improving Technology of Hot Stamping (2014)

As a method for producing ultrahigh strength automotive steel components with high gauge accuracy the hot stamping technology draws attention and is practiced widely today. For supporting and developing this technology, numerous researches have been actively carried out all over the world. It is a good timing to review this technology on this special issue because further rapid development is to be expected in the next decade. The hot stamping technology consists of a variety of techniques. In this review, the authors focus two items suitable to this special issue, the first one is the formability of hot stamping and the second is the technology for improving its productivity.The review shows the importance of the temperature control at stamping parts to achieve excellent formability. Through the review on the technology for improving the productivity of hot stamping, the authors propose highly productive hot stamping processes consisting of rapid heating, short time stamping and rapid cooling.
Dynamic Interaction between a Drosophila Transcription Factor and RNA Polymerase II (1989)

We have purified factor 5, a Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor. Factor 5 was found to be required for accurate initiation of transcription from specific promoters and also had a dramatic effect on the elongation properties of RNA polymerase II. Kinetic studies suggested that factor 5 stimulates the elongation rate of RNA polymerase II on a dC-tailed, double-stranded template by reducing the time spent at the numerous pause sites encountered by the polymerase. The factor was found to be composed of two polypeptides (34 and 86 kilodaltons). Both subunits bound tightly to pure RNA polymerase II but were not bound to polymerase in elongation complexes. Our results suggest that factor 5 interacts briefly with the paused polymerase molecules and catalyzes a conformational change in them such that they adopt an elongation-competent conformation.
Henoch Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Associated with Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Therapy (2017)

Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP), also known as IgA vasculitis (IgAV), is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects adolescents and is rare in adults. In many cases, the onset of HSP has been causally linked to an infectious disease. We encountered a case of HSP with severe renal involvement diagnosed by renal biopsy following bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer. This is of clinical relevance, as intravesical BCG administration is becoming an established therapy for superficial bladder cancer and is supposed to be safe. It is important for all clinicians to recognize that BCG therapy has this rare but potentially serious systemic complication.
Rapid thermal processing of next generation silicon solar cells (2000)

Rapid and potentially low-cost process techniques are analyzed and successfully applied towards the fabrication of high-efficiency mono- and multicrystalline Si solar cells. First, a novel dielectric passivation scheme (formed by stacking a plasma silicon nitride film on top of a rapid thermal oxide layer) is developed that serves as antireflection coating and reduces the surface recombination velocity (Seff) of the 1˙3 Ω-cm p-Si surface to approximately 10 cm/s. The essential feature of the stack passivation scheme is its ability to withstand short 700 – 850°C anneal treatments used to fire screen printed (SP) contacts, without degradation in Soeff. The stack also lowers the emitter saturation current density (Joe) of 40 and 90 Ω/□ emitters by a factor of three and 10, respectively, compared to no passivation. Next, rapid emitter formation is accomplished by diffusion under tungsten halogen lamps in both belt line and rapid thermal processing (RTP) systems (instead of in a conventional infrared furnace) . Third, a combination of SP aluminium and RTP is used to form an excellent back surface field (BSF) in 2 min to achieve an effective back surface recombination velocity (Seff) of 200 cm/s on 2˙3 Ω-cm Si. Finally, the above individual processes are integrated to achieve: (1) >19% efficient solar cells with emitter and Al-BSF formed by RTP and contacts formed by vacuum evaporation and photolithography, (2) 17% efficient manufacturable cells with emitter and Al-BSF formed in a belt line furnace and contacts formed by SP. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Catalytic Mechanism of the RNA Cap Modification by nsp16-nsp10 Complex of SARS-CoV-2 through a QM/MM Approach (2021)

The inhibition of key enzymes that may contain the viral replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have assumed central importance in drug discovery projects. Nonstructural proteins (nsps) are essential for RNA capping and coronavirus replication since it protects the virus from host innate immune restriction. In particular, nonstructural protein 16 (nsp16) in complex with nsp10 is a Cap-0 binding enzyme. The heterodimer formed by nsp16-nsp10 methylates the 5'-end of virally encoded mRNAs to mimic cellular mRNAs and thus it is one of the enzymes that is a potential target for antiviral therapy. In this study, we have evaluated the mechanism of the 2'-<i>O</i> methylation of the viral mRNA cap using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. It was found that the calculated free energy barriers obtained at M062X/6-31+G(d,p) is in agreement with experimental observations. Overall, we provide a detailed molecular analysis of the catalytic mechanism involving the 2'-<i>O</i> methylation of the viral mRNA cap and, as expected, the results demonstrate that the TS stabilization is critical for the catalysis.
Vicinal Diamino Functionalities as Privileged Structural Elements in Biologically Active Compounds and Exploitation of their Synthetic Chemistry (2006)

The chemistry, synthetic routes and medicinal properties of vicinal diamines and imidazolines are discussed. Synthetic routes towards chemically and pharmaceutically important molecules containing vicinal diamine functionality are discussed in detail. This mini review article covers the new developments of diamine chemistry between 2000 and 2005.
Exercise-Induced Bone Formation Is Poorly Linked to Local Strain Magnitude in the Sheep Tibia (2014)

Functional interpretations of limb bone structure frequently assume that diaphyses adjust their shape by adding bone primarily across the plane in which they are habitually loaded in order to minimize loading-induced strains. Here, to test this hypothesis, we characterize the in vivo strain environment of the sheep tibial midshaft during treadmill exercise and examine whether this activity promotes bone formation disproportionately in the direction of loading in diaphyseal regions that experience the highest strains. It is shown that during treadmill exercise, sheep tibiae were bent in an anteroposterior direction, generating maximal tensile and compressive strains on the anterior and posterior shaft surfaces, respectively. Exercise led to significantly increased periosteal bone formation; however, rather than being biased toward areas of maximal strains across the anteroposterior axis, exercise-related osteogenesis occurred primarily around the medial half of the shaft circumference, in both high and low strain regions. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that loading-induced bone growth is not closely linked to local strain magnitude in every instance. Therefore, caution is necessary when bone shaft shape is used to infer functional loading history in the absence of in vivo data on how bones are loaded and how they actually respond to loading.
An energy-efficient cell planning strategy for heterogeneous network based on realistic traffic data (2014)

With the exponential growth of wireless network data traffic and mobile users, traditional single layer homogeneous network cannot meet the increasing high-speed traffic demand. As a solution, heterogeneous networks (HetNet) are considered as a promising architecture to fulfill the challenge. At the same time, energy consumption problem has become one of the most challenging problems due to the fast expansion of wireless network scale. Traditionally, network operators are more concerned about the coverage and capacity problem when planning cellular networks, rather than the energy efficiency of the network. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient micro base station (BS) planning strategy based on realistic traffic data in HetNet architecture. A genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced to solve the optimization problem. By carefully selecting algorithm parameters, the algorithm can produce a set of near optimum solutions. The simulation results show that the energy efficiency and traffic coverage ratio are both improved by the deployment of micro BSs.
Growth of Campylobacter jejuni on nitrate and nitrite: electron transport to NapA and NrfA via NrfH and distinct roles for NrfA and the globin Cgb in protection against nitrosative stress (2006)

Pathways of electron transport to periplasmic nitrate (NapA) and nitrite (NrfA) reductases have been investigated in Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic food-borne pathogen. The nap operon is unusual in lacking napC (encoding a tetra-haem c-type cytochrome) and napF, but contains a novel gene of unknown function, napL. The iron-sulphur protein NapG has a major role in electron transfer to the NapAB complex, but we show that slow nitrate-dependent growth of a napG mutant can be sustained by electron transfer from NrfH, the electron donor to the nitrite reductase NrfA. A napL mutant possessed approximately 50% lower NapA activity than the wild type but showed normal growth with nitrate as the electron acceptor. NrfA was constitutive and was shown to play a role in protection against nitrosative stress in addition to the previously identified NO-inducible single domain globin, Cgb. However, nitrite also induced cgb expression in an NssR-dependent manner, suggesting that growth of C. jejuni with nitrite causes nitrosative stress. This was confirmed by lack of growth of cgb and nssR mutants, and slow growth of the nrfA mutant, in media containing nitrite. Thus, NrfA and Cgb together provide C. jejuni with constitutive and inducible components of a robust defence against nitrosative stress.
Room temperature writing of electrically conductive and insulating zones in silicon by nanoindentation (2011)

Conventional silicon devices are fabricated in the diamond cubic phase of silicon, so-called Si-I. Other phases of silicon such as Si-XII and Si-III can be formed under pressure applied by nanoindentation and these phases are metastable at room temperature and pressure. We demonstrate in this letter that such phases exhibit different electrical properties to normal (diamond cubic) silicon and exploit this to perform maskless, room temperature, electrical patterning of silicon by writing both conductive and insulating zones directly into silicon substrates by nanoindentation. Such processing opens up a number of potentially new applications without the need for high temperature processing steps.