gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic Determinants Controlling Replicative and Latent States of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (2014)

Mechanisms by which viruses persist in their host remain one of the most poorly understood phenomena in virology. Herpesviruses, including HCMV, persist in an incurable, latent state that has profound implications for immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. Further, the latent coexistence of HCMV may increase the risk of age-related pathologies, including vascular disease. The key to controlling or eradicating HCMV lies in understanding the molecular basis for latency. In this work, we describe the complex interplay between two viral proteins, pUL135 and pUL138, which antagonize one another in infection to promote viral replication or latency, respectively. We previously described the role of pUL138 in suppressing virus replication for latency. Here we demonstrate a role of pUL135 in overcoming pUL138-mediated suppression for viral reactivation. From this work, we propose that pUL135 and pUL138 constitute a molecular switch balancing states of latency and reactivation.
Efficient electromagnetic interference shielding of lightweight graphene/polystyrene composite (2012)

A combination of high-pressure compression molding plus salt-leaching was first proposed to prepare porous graphene/polystyrene composites. The specific shielding effectiveness of the lightweight composite was as high as 64.4 dB cm3 g−1, the highest value ever reported for polymer based EMI shielding materials at such a low thickness (2.5 mm).
On the translocation of bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides between blood and peripheral locations in chronic, inflammatory diseases: the central roles of LPS and LPS-induced cell death (2015)

We have recently highlighted (and added to) the considerable evidence that blood can contain dormant bacteria. By definition, such bacteria may be resuscitated (and thus proliferate). This may occur under conditions that lead to or exacerbate chronic, inflammatory diseases that are normally considered to lack a microbial component. Bacterial cell wall components, such as the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative strains, are well known as potent inflammatory agents, but should normally be cleared. Thus, their continuing production and replenishment from dormant bacterial reservoirs provides an easy explanation for the continuing, low-grade inflammation (and inflammatory cytokine production) that is characteristic of many such diseases. Although experimental conditions and determinants have varied considerably between investigators, we summarise the evidence that in a great many circumstances LPS can play a central role in all of these processes, including in particular cell death processes that permit translocation between the gut, blood and other tissues. Such localised cell death processes might also contribute strongly to the specific diseases of interest. The bacterial requirement for free iron explains the strong co-existence in these diseases of iron dysregulation, LPS production, and inflammation. Overall this analysis provides an integrative picture, with significant predictive power, that is able to link these processes via the centrality of a dormant blood microbiome that can resuscitate and shed cell wall components.
A NEW TRANSFORMATION OF ALDOSE DERIVED SYNTHONS TO PSEUDO-HEXOPYRANOSE OR PSEUDO-PENTOFURANOSE DERIVATIVES (1986)

Abstract The d-ribose or d-erythrose derived acyclic synthon, which possesses a 2-malonyl carbon chain at C-1 position, was cyclized stereoselectively to a six- or five-membered carbocycle. Those carbocycles were converted into pseudo-β-l-mannopyranose derivatives or pseudo-β-l-arabinofuranose derivatives efficeintly.
Design of adaptive equalizer for digital subscriber loop using 2B1Q code (2002)

An adaptive equalizer structure for a digital subscriber loop using 2B1Q code is presented to combat intersymbol interference (ISI). A shaping filter is introduced to eliminate the precursor ISI. The design of this adaptive equalizer is based on a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) structure without feedforward section employing a clipped least-mean-square algorithm for estimating the postcursor of the channel's impulse response. A new variable stepsize method and a shape-oriented adjustment method are used to improve the convergence speed of the adaptive equalizer. Software simulation demonstrates the feasibility of the algorithm and structure. A hardware circuit is implemented using a logic cell array for real-time testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DeepCIN: Attention-Based Cervical histology Image Classification with Sequential Feature Modeling for Pathologist-Level Accuracy (2020)

Experiments show that DeepCIN achieves pathologist-level CIN classification accuracy.
Load following characteristics of SiGe/GaP thermoelectric generators and their response to external heating (1987)

This paper discusses the load following characteristics of SiGe/GaP thermoelectric (TE) generators during both steady-state and transient changes of the external load. It also investigates the performance of TE generators as they are subjected to an external heating at their cold shoes. Results show that TE generators are load following within a narrow range of external load values and that external heating impairs their performance. The load following behavior of TE generators was found to be independent of the rate of changing the external load (steady state or ramp). For a constant hot shoe temperature, external heating of the TE generators caused their cold shoe temperature to rise and consequently increased the rate of heat rejection by radiation and decreased the electric power output. Because of the enhancement in the heat rejection by radiation during the external heating of the TE generators, a large heating rate is required for the generators to cease operation. The tolerance of TE generators to external heating can effectively be increased by initially raising the TE cold shoe temperature.
Ultrathin HfO[sub 2](EOT<0.75 nm) Gate Stack with TaN∕HfN Electrodes Fabricated Using a High-Temperature Process (2005)

High quality gate stacks with 0.65 nm of the equivalent oxide thickness and at of the gate leakage have been demonstrated. An -based Si-surface nitridation process was performed prior to deposition. The films were deposited in a metallorganic chemical vapor deposition cluster tool. The metal stacked layers were deposited on by reactive sputtering. The gate stack shows excellent thermal stability, in equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and leakage after 1000°C annealing. A 10-year time dependent dielectric breakdown lifetime of 1000°C rapid thermal anneal annealed stack is projected at with an .
Small-scale spatial genetic structure of Asarum sieboldii metapopulation in a valley (2021)

Abstract Background Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short seed dispersal distance by ants as their seed distributor. It is known that many flowers of A. sieboldii depend on self-fertilization. Because these characteristics can affect negatively in genetic structure, investigating habitat structure and assessment of genetic structure is needed. A total of 27 individuals in a valley were sampled for measuring genetic diversity, genetic distance, and genetic differentiation by RAPD-PCR. Results The habitat areas of A. sieboldii metapopulation were relatively small (3.78~33.60 m 2 ) and population density was very low (five to seven individuals in 20×20 m quadrat). The habitat of A. sieboldii was a very shady (relative light intensity = 0.9%) and mature forest with a high evenness value ( J = 0.81~0.99) and a low dominance value ( D = 0.19~0.28). The total genetic diversity of A. sieboldii was quite high ( h = 0.338, I = 0.506). A total of 33 band loci were observed in five selected primers, and 31 band loci (94%) were polymorphic. However, genetic differentiation along the valley was highly progressed (G st = 0.548, N m = 0.412). The average genetic distance between subpopulations was 0.387. The results of AMOVA showed 52.77% of variance occurs among populations, which is evidence of population structuring. Conclusions It is expected that a small-scale founder effect had occurred, an individual spread far from the original subpopulation formed a new subpopulation. However, geographical distance between individuals would have been far and genetic flow occurred only within each subpopulation because of the low density of population. This made significant genetic distance between the original and new population by distance. Although genetic diversity of A. sieboldii metapopulation is not as low as concerned, the subpopulation of A. sieboldii can disappear by stochastic events due to small subpopulation size and low density of population. To prevent genetic isolation and to enhance the stable population size, conservative efforts such as increasing the size of each subpopulation or the connection between subpopulations are needed.
Characteristics of Ga2O3(Gd2O3)/GaAs interface: Structures and compositions (2000)

Growth of a single crystal was found in the first few oxide layers on GaAs(100) substrate, electron beam evaporated from a Ga5Gd3O12 source. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction studies show that the thin oxide film is epitaxially grown on GaAs with the surface normal (110) and in-plane axis [001] parallel to (100) and [011] of GaAs, respectively, and the crystallographic structure is isomorphic to Mn2O3. The chemical composition of the oxide film was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to be unequivocally pure Gd2O3. Based on Gibbs free energies of formation for all possible pairs in Ga, As, Gd, and O, a model is proposed to explain the epitaxy and the growth of single-domain Gd2O3 on GaAs.
Intermolecular interactions of the CX3OCHO dimers, and complexes CX3OCHO–n(H2O), CX3OCHO–n(HO2) (X = H,F; n = 1,2) (2002)

The intermolecular interaction energies of the CX3OCHO dimers, CX3OCHO–n(H2O), and CX3OCHO–n(HO2) (X = H,F; n = 1,2) complexes are studied by using molecular orbital calculations at the (U)MP2/aug(df,pd)-6-311G**//(U)B3LYP/6-311G** level. We first confirmed the reliability of this level of calculation by utilizing examples of two complexes, CH3OCHO–HO2 (syn) and CF3OCHO–HO2 (syn). The calculated intermolecular interaction energies for the formate dimers (−3.75 to −5.19 kcal mol−1) and CX3OCHO–H2O (−2.39 to −4.90 kcal mol−1) are relatively small. On the other hand, the CX3OCHO–HO2 complexes have larger interaction energies (−4.78 to −9.69 kcal mol−1). The complexes, CX3OCHO–2(H2O) and CX3OCHO–2(HO2), have the largest intermolecular interaction energies (−12.42 to −13.89 kcal mol−1 and −14.47 to −18.39 kcal mol−1, respectively). Except for the formate dimer of syn–syn type, the interaction energies for the complexes with CF3OCHO are always smaller than the corresponding complexes with CH3OCHO. Finally, we estimated the concentrations of the complexes in the low and high water concentration conditions. In conclusion, it has been observed that the complexes studied in this work are not likely to form in the atmosphere.
Effects of Laser Photolysis of Hydrocarbons at 193 and 248 nm on Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond Films (2018)

In this work, the influence of ultraviolet (UV) laser photolysis of hydrocarbons on combustion chemical vapor deposition of diamond films was investigated at 193 and 248 nm. Although the output fluence of the 193 nm laser was 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the 248 nm laser, UV laser irradiations at 193 and 248 nm led to similar enhancement of diamond growth: a 2-fold increase in the diamond deposition rate and a 3% increase in diamond quality compared to those obtained without laser irradiation. In situ thermionic measurement of emission currents revealed that the diamond nucleation time was reduced from 9.5 min without laser irradiation to 4.2 and 7.0 min, respectively, with UV laser irradiations at 193 and 248 nm. These results suggest the advantages of using UV laser photolysis in diamond deposition achieved by suppressing nondiamond carbon accumulation. Spectroscopic investigation of the flame chemistry showed that UV laser irradiations of the diamond-forming combustion flames led to photogenerated reactive species, OH, CH, and C2, which play critical roles in diamond growth. The more pronounced flame chemistry change and diamond growth enhancement with UV laser irradiation at 193 nm than 248 nm is attributed to a higher photon energy, 6.4 eV, which is above the energetic dissociation threshold of most hydrocarbons for more efficient photodissociation.
Psychopharmacotherapy in children and adolescents (2000)

Psychopharmacotherapy is not often used in children and adolescents. However, drug therapy has established itself as a part of overall care, particularly when treating severe psychological problems.
Maxima and Minima in Analytic Geometry (1998)

This chapter contains sections titled: Maxima and Minima; Case of Functions of One Variable Convexity Convexity and Maxima and Minima Problems in Two Dimensions Some Geometric Extremum Problems Geometry of n-Dimensional Space Convex Functions of n Variables Quadratic Forms Convexity and Extrema, Level Sets and Sublevel Sets Stability Global Asymptotic Stability, Application to Finding Minimizer Extrema of Functions on Unbounded Closed Sets Shortest Distance from a Linear Variety Other Inner Products and Norms in ‚Ñùn More on Minimum Problems for Quadratic Functions Physical Applications Best Approximation by Polynomials
Threshold based decision-tree for automatic driving maneuver recognition using CAN-Bus signal (2014)

There is a growing need to develop automatic signal processing strategies for analysis, labeling, and modeling of massive naturalistic driving data. In order to contribute to the formulation of human centric driving assistive / active safety systems, it is also imperative to understand the human component along with vehicle dynamics. Using massive corpora of on-road real-traffic naturalistic driving data exported from CAN-Bus signals, it is possible to develop maneuver recognition for continuous driving performance evaluation. Although high accuracy of automatic maneuver recognition could be obtained using statistic methods such as Hidden Markov Models and/or Bayesian Statistics, this comes at great costs in computational complexity which can jeopardize the viability of applying such driving assistance in real-time embedded systems. To save computational resources, this study proposes to set up an easier threshold based decision-tree strategy. The method is based on filterbank analysis of time-frequency spectrogram processing of steering wheel angle and vehicle speed signals. It is shown that threshold selection is critical to ensure that specific maneuvers with higher levels of danger receive higher recognition accuracy. Analysis of the proposed maneuver recognition system is performed using data from the UTDrive vehicle corpus, with a 6-way decision-tree maneuver performance ranging from 54-73% depending on the specific maneuver class. It is suggested that lower performing specific maneuvers could subsequently be enhanced with statistical model based methods afterwards for both embedded in-vehicle systems and tagging of massive data sets.
A pharmacologic comparison of histamine receptors in isolated extracranial and intracranial arteries in vitro (1975)

Isolated segments of cat extracranial and intracranial arteries were tested simultaneously for circular motor activity in an aerated Krebs-Ringer organ bath at constant temperature and pH. Histamine produced a strong contraction (about 850 dyn) in the extracranial arteries but a considerably weaker contraction, with a high half maximum response, in the intracranial arteries. The mode of inhibition of the latter response by antihistaminic compounds (chlorpheniramine and mepyramine) showed the response to be nonspecific; the contraction in the extracranial arteries was inhibited in a competitive manner, demonstrating the presence of histamine H1 receptors. The dilatory response was studied after the vessels had been given a tonic contraction with serotonin. Histamine produced similar dilatory effects (about 200 dyn) in both types of arteries and competitive inhibitions were obtained with burimamide, showing that the dilation was mediated through histamine H2 receptors. Dissociation constants were calculated for the receptor-antagonist complex.
Syntheses, properties and electrochemistry of transition-metal complexes of the macrocycle 1,4,7-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L). Crystal structures of [NiL](ClO4)2, [MnL](ClO4)2, and [PdL](PF6)2 containing a distorted-square-base-pyramidal PdIIN5 core (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses, properties and electrochemistry of transition-metal complexes of the macrocycle 1,4,7-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L). Crystal structures of [NiL](ClO4)2, [MnL](ClO4)2, and [PdL](PF6)2 containing a distorted-square-base-pyramidal PdIIN5 coreKarl Wieghardt, Ernst Schoeffmann, Bernhard Nuber, and Johannes WeissCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 27, 4877–4883Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00247a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00247a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An improved stereospecific total synthesis of an aromatic c-ring testosterone analogue (1981)

An improved stereospecific synthesis of 17β-hydroxy-11-methoxy-18-norandrosta-4,8,11,13-tetraen-3-one (12) from 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1H-benz[e]inden-3(2H)-one (1) is described. Higher yields were achieved in the Birch reduction step using 3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-benz[e]inden-3-ol as the starting material. An interesting replacement reaction of the benzylic hydroxy by an alkoxy-group is described.
Rap1 Promotes Multiple Pancreatic Islet Cell Functions and Signals through Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 to Enhance Proliferation (2010)

Recent studies have implicated Epac2, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for the Rap subfamily of monomeric G proteins, as an important regulator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Although the Epac proteins were originally identified as cAMP-responsive activators of Rap1 GTPases, the role of Rap1 in beta-cell biology has not yet been defined. In this study, we examined the direct effects of Rap1 signaling on beta-cell biology. Using the Ins-1 rat insulinoma line, we demonstrate that activated Rap1A, but not related monomeric G proteins, promotes ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. Using isolated rat islets, we show that this signaling event is rapamycin-sensitive, indicating that it is mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1-p70 S6 kinase pathway, a known growth regulatory pathway. This newly defined beta-cell signaling pathway acts downstream of cAMP, in parallel with the stimulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, to drive ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. Activated Rap1A promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, islet cell hypertrophy, and islet cell proliferation, the latter exclusively through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, suggesting that Rap1 is an important regulator of beta-cell function. This newly defined signaling pathway may yield unique targets for the treatment of beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes.
Cyclic ADP ribose isomers: Production, chemical structures, and immune signaling (2022)

Cyclic adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (cADPR) isomers are signaling molecules produced by bacterial and plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) (NAD<sup>+</sup>) hydrolysis. We show that v-cADPR (2'cADPR) and v2-cADPR (3'cADPR) isomers are cyclized by O-glycosidic bond formation between the ribose moieties in ADPR. Structures of 2'cADPR-producing TIR domains reveal conformational changes that lead to an active assembly that resembles those of Toll-like receptor adaptor TIR domains. Mutagenesis reveals a conserved tryptophan that is essential for cyclization. We show that 3'cADPR is an activator of ThsA effector proteins from the bacterial antiphage defense system termed Thoeris and a suppressor of plant immunity when produced by the effector HopAM1. Collectively, our results reveal the molecular basis of cADPR isomer production and establish 3'cADPR in bacteria as an antiviral and plant immunity-suppressing signaling molecule.
Hydropyrolysis of Model Compounds (1979)

Hydropyrolysis of representative C10-C16 n-paraffins and bicyclic naphthenes, e.g., n-hexadecane (1) and decalin (2), in the range of 500-600°C and hydrogen pressures of 500-2250 psi, is a faster and more selective process than conventional thermal cracking of such compounds under nitrogen pressure. Selectivity is reflected in the practical absence of any condensation reactions or coking. By coordination of operating variables hydropyrolysis of 1 can be directed to yield preferentially liquid (C5-C15) products. Paraffin:olefin and internal olefin:1-olefin ratios in the latter are controllable. Hydropyrolysis of 2 in the indicated range yields predominantly (55%-90%) liquid products, consisting of C5-C8 branched paraffins and olefins, C6-C10 cyclohexenes and cyclohexanes, and some C6-C8 arenes. Mechanistic schemes for hydropyrolysis of 1 and 2 are outlined.
Effect of Dielectric Thickness on Power Performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The effect of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{SiN}_{x}$</tex></formula> passivation thickness on the power performance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been studied. A model is proposed to explain the surface-state dispersion and passivation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Based on this model, a multidielectic passivation method has been proposed and demonstrated to both provide lower dielectric capacitance and help remove dc–RF dispersion. </para>