gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using a Gas-Fed Flow Electrolyzer (2022)

The perspective of developing two-step CO2 electrolytic systems, combining electroreduction of CO2 to CO and electroreduction of CO to a desired organic compound, requires the availability of catalysts and flow cell electrolyzers to achieve the second step with high selectivity and low overpotentials. Here, via optimization of porous dendritic copper materials based on nine different samples, using different acidic conditions for copper electrodeposition and including a calcination step in some cases, we report a unique catalyst that allows, within a gas diffusion electrode and a flow cell, CO electroreduction to ethylene with a very high record faradic efficiency of 78%. Such a system functions with a record half-cell energy efficiency of 40.5%. Based on this value, electrical energy efficiency for CO2 conversion to ethylene can be calculated using literature data for a CO2-to-CO solid oxide electrolysis cell, yielding 37%, the highest value reported so far.
Genome-scale analysis of positionally relocated genes (2007)

During evolution, genome reorganization includes large-scale events such as inversions, translocations, and segmental or even whole-genome duplications, as well as fine-scale events such as the relocation of individual genes. This latter category, which we will refer to as positionally relocated genes (PRGs), is the subject of this report. Assessment of the magnitude of such PRGs and of possible contributing mechanisms is aided by a comparative analysis of related genomes, where conserved chromosomal organization can aid in identifying genes that have acquired a new location in a lineage of these genomes. Here we utilize two methods to comprehensively identify relocated protein-coding genes in the recently sequenced genomes of 12 species of genus Drosophila. We use exceptions to the general rule of maintenance of chromosome arm (Muller element) association for most Drosophila genes to identify one major class of PRGs. We also identify a partially overlapping set of PRGs among "embedded genes," located within the extents of other surrounding genes. We provide evidence that PRG movements have at least two different origins: Some events occur via retrotransposition of processed RNAs and others via a DNA-based transposition mechanism. Overall, we identify several hundred PRGs that arose within a lineage of the genus Drosophila phylogeny and provide suggestive evidence that a few thousand such events have occurred within the radiation of the insect order Diptera, thereby illustrating the magnitude of the contribution of PRG movement to chromosomal reorganization during evolution.
Disulfide pairing and secondary structure of ASP1, an olfactory-binding protein from honeybee (Apis mellifera L) (2001)

International audience
Aortic valve lesion after coronary angiography (2010)

A 56-year-old patient admitted to hospital for the suspicion of an acute coronary syndrome underwent coronary angiography without detection of significant lesions. Seven days later the echocardiography showed acute severe aortic valve insufficiency. Intraoperatively we found a perforated leaflet probably due to lesion during transcatheter procedure.
Iontophoresis in drug delivery: basic principles and applications. (1994)

Passive delivery of most compounds across different epithelia is limited due to the barrier properties afforded by these epithelia. Iontophoresis is a novel drug delivery system designed to improve the delivery rate of compounds. The technique generates an electrical potential gradient that facilitates the movement of solute ions across the membrane. Iontophoresis has been used has been used greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. The potential of iontophoresis for systemic delivery is being rediscovered, and the technique has been observed to be particularly effective for ionic drugs. It also enhances transdermal permeation of neutral compounds by the process of electroosmosis. The recent enthusiasm for iontophoresis may also be attributed to successful production of therapeutically active protein and peptide drugs by employing recombinant DNA technology. Because of their charged nature and relatively large molecular size, iontophoresis may provide means for their effective delivery. This review discusses the basic principles and applications of iontophoresis in dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and dentistry. In addition, the systemic applications of iontophoresis with emphasis on protein and peptide delivery are reviewed.
RH-LLW Disposal Facility Project CD-2/3 to Design/Build Proposal Reconciliation Report (2012)

A reconciliation plan was developed and implemented to address potential gaps and responses to gaps between the design/build vendor proposals and the Critical Decision-2/3 approval request package for the Remote-Handled Low Level Waste Disposal Facility Project. The plan and results of the plan implementation included development of a reconciliation team comprised of subject matter experts from Battelle Energy Alliance and the Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, identification of reconciliation questions, reconciliation by the team, identification of unresolved/remaining issues, and identification of follow-up actions and subsequent approvals of responses. The plan addressed the potential for gaps to exist in the following areas: • Department of Energy Order 435.1, “Radioactive Waste Management,” requirements, including the performance assessment, composite analysis, monitoring plan, performance assessment/composite analysis maintenance plan, and closure plan • Environmental assessment supporting the National Environmental Policy Act • Nuclear safety • Safeguards and security • Emplacement operations • Requirements for commissioning • General project implementation. The reconciliation plan and results of the plan implementation are provided in a business-sensitive project file. This report provides the reconciliation plan and non-business sensitive summary responses to identified gaps.
Experimental validation of a Monte Carlo proton therapy nozzle model incorporating magnetically steered protons (2009)

The purpose of this study is to validate the accuracy of a Monte Carlo calculation model of a proton magnetic beam scanning delivery nozzle developed using the Geant4 toolkit. The Monte Carlo model was used to produce depth dose and lateral profiles, which were compared to data measured in the clinical scanning treatment nozzle at several energies. Comparisons were also made between measured and simulated off-axis profiles to test the accuracy of the model's magnetic steering. Comparison of the 80% distal dose fall-off values for the measured and simulated depth dose profiles agreed to within 1 mm for the beam energies evaluated. Agreement of the full width at half maximum values for the measured and simulated lateral fluence profiles was within 1.3 mm for all energies. The position of measured and simulated spot positions for the magnetically steered beams agreed to within 0.7 mm of each other. Based on these results, we found that the Geant4 Monte Carlo model of the beam scanning nozzle has the ability to accurately predict depth dose profiles, lateral profiles perpendicular to the beam axis and magnetic steering of a proton beam during beam scanning proton therapy.
California's Waiver Request to Control Greenhouse Gases Under the Clean Air Act (2008)

This report consists of California's waiver request to control greenhouse gases under the clean air act.
Challenges associated with high speed, high Reynolds number testing in ground facilities (1988)

Under some fairly well dtfined conditions, I can conduct tests in ground facilities, using either full scale or sub-scale models, and apply the test da ta to flight conditions with some degree of confidence. It follows I can reduce da ta to a form that can be applied t o a variety of situations. For this use, the d a t a is usually, though not always, reduced to a dimensionless parameter. These dimensionless parameters can be thought of as scaling relations. Scaling may well be dependent upon t h e flight conditions. My goal is to discuss the origins of scaling parameters that apply to high speed, high Reynolds number flight t o consider some of the implications tha t follow from the derivations of these dimensionless ratios and t o apply them t o the problem of specifying testing facilities. Of necessity, I must look a t some of the conditions t o be faced in flight to understand the problems. I thought it might be useful to s tar t a t the top of the page, as it were, and look a t some of the origins of non-dimensional parameters and their use of scaling. In the discussion to follow, I will s tar t , just as Reynolds did, with the Navier-Stokes equations, their boundary conditions and a state equation, and discuss scaling and the testing problem. Naturally, I will s tar t with the simplest case; incompressible flow of air around a body. Then I will proceed in a step by step fashion to a case where proper simulation of flight in a ground-based facility gives rise t o almost overwhelming complexity; testing a 'one stage t o orbit' vehicle. In this case, the high stagnation pressure and temperatures that occur in flight in excess of a Mach number of 10 or so give rise to a vastly more complex working fluid. Thus ground-based testing must allow for these additional factors in the design of ground test facilities and instrumentation.
Thermoresponsive and Active Functional Fiber Mats for Cultured Cell Recovery (2017)

Thermoresponsive and active functional fiber mats were prepared from random copolymer of poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) (P(PFPA-co-NIPAM)), which was synthesized by a controlled radical polymerization process based on reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). As reactive sites, pentafluorophenyl ester (PFP) groups were incorporated in the copolymer to allow for a multiple post-polymerization modification. UV-cross-linkable moieties were first introduced by partially reacting PFP groups in the copolymer with ortho-nitrobenzyl (ONB)-protected diamine. Electrospinning the resulting ONB-containing P(PFPA-co-NIPAM), followed by UV-induced cross-linking, yielded stable cross-linked thermoresponsive PNIPAM-based fiber mats. The remaining PFP active groups on the surface of copolymer fiber mats allowed for further conjugation with an H-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-OH (GRGDS) peptide, a well-known cell adhesive peptide sequence that was selected as a model in order to promote cell growth. At 37 °C, fibroblast cells were found to attach, spread, and proliferate well on the GRGDS-immobilized cross-linked (CL) fiber mat, as opposed to those on the GRGDS-immobilized un-cross-linked (UCL) fiber mat. By decreasing the temperature down to 20 °C, i.e. below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of thermoresponsive PNIPAM, cultured cells could easily be released from both GRGDS-immobilized CL and UCL fiber mats, whereas no cells were detached from tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). These results suggest that the thermosensitive and active functional fiber mat obtained in this research represent an attractive and versatile platform for cultured cell recovery, which is beneficial for tissue engineering applications.
Effects of the non-equilibrium condensation of vapour on the pressure wave produced by the collapse of a bubble in a liquid (1980)

Analytical and numerical analyses have been made of the physical behaviour of a collapsing bubble in a liquid. The mathematical formulation takes into account the effects of compressibility of the liquid, non-equilibrium condensation of the vapour, heat conduction and the temperature discontinuity at the phase interface. Numerical solutions for the collapse of the bubble are obtained beyond the time when the bubble reaches its minimum radius up to the stage when a pressure wave forms and propagates outward into the liquid. The numerical results indicate that evaporation and condensation strongly influence the dynamical behaviour of the bubble. In addition, the propagation of the stress wave, both in a solid and a liquid, due to the collapse of the bubble has been observed by means of the dynamic photoelasticity. It is clearly demonstrated that the stress wave in a photoelastic specimen is caused by impact of the pressure wave radiated from the bubble.
A Lactococcus lactis gene encodes a membrane protein with putative ATPase activity that is homologous to the essential Escherichia coli ftsH gene product (1994)

A gene, encoding a protein homologous to an essential Escherichia coli protein, FtsH, was identified adjacent to the hpt gene and the trnA operon in the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product showed full-length similarity to FtsH of E. coli, Yme1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a conserved region found in a new family of putative ATPases. In-frame fusions of L. lactis ftsH and phoA1 in E. coli, and immunodetection of the L. lactis FtsH protein in cell fractions using anti-E. coli FtsH serum showed that L. lactis ftsH was expressed and encodes a membrane protein. When contained on a high copy number plasmid, the L. lactis ftsH gene complemented the lethality of a delta ftsH3::kan mutation in E. coli at 37 degrees C and below, indicating that the L. lactis ftsH gene can functionally replace the E. coli ftsH gene to some extent. The resulting E. coli strain showed temperature sensitivity and salt sensitivity. A L. lactis mutant with an insertion into ftsH was salt-, heat- and cold-sensitive. These results suggest that FtsH is somehow involved in stress responses. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that genes homologous to ftsH of L. lactis were also present in Bacillus subtilis, and several Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc species, suggesting high conservation of ftsH in bacterial species.
Investigation of Calcium Mechanotransduction by Quasi 3-D Microfiber Mechanical Stimulation of Cells (2008)

Fibroblast cells mechanically interact with their environment through several mechanisms, including the formation of focal adhesion complexes (FACs) with adjacent ligands. A quasi-3D (Q3D) experimental device was devised to investigate chemo-mechanical stimulation of these cells. It employed a novel microscopic fixture featuring micropolymer arrays positioned just above a cellular monolayer, enabling mechanical stimulation through dorsal attachment to FACs. This protocol demonstrated the ability to preserve the normal stellate morphology of fibroblasts. Live-cell imaging during mechanical stimulation revealed robust calcium elevation in cells interacting with the Q3D device. This system provides a simple alternative to existing 3D culture methods yet allows dynamic, real-time mechanical probing of cells in a physiologically significant environment as compared to optical or magnetic tweezers.
Insights into the Network Structure of Cross-Linked Polymers Synthesized via Miniemulsion Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization (2018)

The effect of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization on the structure of the network formed by copolymerization of mono- and divinyl monomers is studied. The nitroxide-mediated radical copolymerization (NMP) of butyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, initiated with the alkoxyamine 3-(((2-cyanopropan-2-yl)oxy)cyclohexylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanenitrile (Dispolreg 007) in an aqueous miniemulsion was used as a case study. Combination of asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation and small-angle X-ray scattering clearly showed that NMP led to a more homogeneous network structure formed by regions of relatively open networks connected with short polymer chain segments, whereas that of the polymer formed by free radical polymerization consists of densely cross-linked regions linked by long polymer chain portions.
A comparative study of low-noise amplifiers for neural applications (2010)

This paper presents a comparative study of three low-noise amplifiers for neural recording applications. The topologies are thoroughly analysed in terms of area, power consumption and noise performance. Further, the theoretical results are confirmed by simulations of transistor-level implementations in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology at 1.2 V supply voltage.
Automatic speculative DOALL for clusters (2012)

Automatic parallelization for clusters is a promising alternative to time-consuming, error-prone manual parallelization. However, automatic parallelization is frequently limited by the imprecision of static analysis. Moreover, due to the inherent fragility of static analysis, small changes to the source code can significantly undermine performance. By replacing static analysis with speculation and profiling, automatic parallelization becomes more robust and applicable. A naïve automatic speculative parallelization does not scale for distributed memory clusters, due to the high bandwidth required to validate speculation. This work is the first automatic speculative DOALL (Spec-DOALL) parallelization system for clusters. We have implemented a prototype automatic parallelization system, called Cluster Spec-DOALL, which consists of a Spec-DOALL parallelizing compiler and a speculative runtime for clusters. Since the compiler optimizes communication patterns, and the runtime is optimized for the cases in which speculation succeeds, Cluster Spec-DOALL minimizes the communication and validation overheads of the speculative runtime. Across 8 benchmarks, Cluster Spec-DOALL achieves a geomean speedup of 43.8x on a 120-core cluster, whereas DOALL without speculation achieves only 4.5x speedup. This demonstrates that speculation makes scalable fully-automatic parallelization for clusters possible.
Network design for line-based autonomous bus services (2021)

Abstract The maturing of autonomous driving technology in recent years has led to several pilot projects and the initial integration of autonomous pods and buses into the public transport (PT) system. An emerging field of interest is the design of public transport networks operating autonomous buses and the potential to attract higher levels of travel demand. In this work a multi-objective optimization and multi-agent simulation framework is developed to study potential changes in the network design and frequency settings compared to conventional PT systems when autonomous vehicles (AV) systems are deployed on fixed-route networks. During the optimization process multiple deployment scenarios (network configurations and service frequency) are evaluated and optimized considering the operator cost, user cost and infrastructure preparation costs of the system. User-focused network design and operator-focused network design are studied for a real-world urban area in Sweden. The results provide insights into the network design and level of service implications brought about by the deployment of autonomous bus (AB) when those are integrated in route-based PT systems. We show that the deployment of autonomous buses result with a network design that increases service ridership. In the context of our case study this increase is likely to primarily substitute walking.
Abstract 64: Novel and Known Genes Elucidated in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Through Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Multiple Model Species and Human Microdissected Lesional Endothelial Cells (2019)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular brain lesions predisposing 0.5% of the population to a lifetime risk of hemorrhagic stroke and seizures. The disease is associated to a mutation in one of the three CCM genes ( CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3 ). CCM pathogenesis has been shown to be endothelial autonomous, linked to angiogenic, adhesion, and inflammatory processes. Using RNA-Seq, we profiled the transcriptomes of lesional endothelial cells (ECs) extracted from 5 human CCMs. We also profiled the more common Ccm1, and the exceptionally aggressive Ccm3 genotypes in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and C. elegans . We first identified differently expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) functions, and gene networks for each model separately. We then cross-compared the models and genotypes to identify the important and conserved genes likely contributing to pathogenesis of CCM disease. Nine hundred-fifteen DEGs in human microdissected lesional ECs, 1932 in Ccm1 ECKO and 524 in Ccm3 ECKO BMECs, as well as 1643 in ccm1 C. elegans and 1581 in ccm3 C. elegans were identified (p&lt;0.05, FDR corrected, fold change≥1.2). FAT1 was commonly identified in the 5 models, while 7 other DEGs were common between human lesional ECs, mouse BMEC Ccm1 ECKO and ccm1 C. elegans: GNAO1 , SPARCL1 , PLXDC2 , PLCD3 , PDGFRA , FAXC , and UNC13A . Seventy-one DEGs were only identified in Ccm1 models, these genes were related to DNA repair, angiogenesis, microtubule functions and magnesium ion binding. Eleven DEGs were only found in Ccm3 models, and were related to rRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis and structural constituent, protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum, protein intracellular targeting, and vesicle transportation to a cell membrane. We provide a comprehensive transcriptome library of CCM disease across species and genotypes. The results will be useful for validating putative mechanistic targets and biomarkers in this disease. For the first time, we also report fundamental transcriptomic differences between Ccm1 and Ccm3 genotypes, potentially explaining differences in CCM disease severity. Our results confirm several previously reported mechanisms, and suggest multiple novel gene candidates to be investigated in CCM pathogenesis.