gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance transform templates for object detection and pose estimation (2009)

We propose a new approach for detecting low textured planar objects and estimating their 3D pose. Standard matching and pose estimation techniques often depend on texture and feature points. They fail when there is no or only little texture available. Edge-based approaches mostly can deal with these limitations but are slow in practice when they have to search for six degrees of freedom. We overcome these problems by introducing the distance transform templates, generated by applying the distance transform to standard edge based templates. We obtain robustness against perspective transformations by training a classifier for various template poses. In addition, spatial relations between multiple contours on the template are learnt and later used for outlier removal. At runtime, the classifier provides the identity and a rough 3D pose of the distance transform template, which is further refined by a modified template matching algorithm that is also based on the distance transform. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate our approach on synthetic and real-life examples and demonstrate robust real-time performance.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Systems: Principles, Applications, and Research Directions (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), are regarded as one of the most promising and revolutionizing techniques for enhancing the spectrum and/or energy efficiency of wireless systems. These devices are capable of reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment by carefully tuning the phase shifts of a large number of low-cost passive reflecting elements. In this article, we aim for answering four fundmental questions: 1) Why do we need RISs? 2) What is an RIS? 3) What are RIS's applications? 4) What are the relevant challenges and future research directions? In response, eight promising research directions are pointed out.
Identification of functional domains and novel binding partners of STIM proteins (2010)

With a signal trap method, we previously identified stromal interaction molecule (STIM: originally named as SIM) as a protein, which has a signal peptide in 1996. However, recent works have accumulated evidences that STIM1 and STIM2 reside in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that both mainly sense ER Ca(2+) depletion, which plays an essential role in store operated calcium entry. In the present study, we extensively analyzed the domain functions and associated molecules of STIMs. A STIM1 mutant lacking the coiled-coil domains was massively expressed on the cell surface while mutants with the coiled-coil domains localized in ER. In addition, STIM1 mutants with the coiled-coil domains showed a longer half-life of proteins than those without them. These results are likely to indicate that the coiled-coil domains of STIM1 are essential for its ER-retention and its stability. Furthermore, we tried to comprehensively identify STIM1-associated molecules with mass spectrometry analysis of co-immunoprecipitated proteins for STIM1. This screening clarified that both STIM1 and STIM2 have a capacity to bind to a chaperone, calnexin as well as two protein-transporters, exportin1 and transportin1. Of importance, our result that glycosylation on STIM1 was not required for the association between STIM1 and calnexin seems to indicate that calnexin might function on STIM1 beyond a chaperone protein. Further information concerning regulatory mechanisms for STIM proteins including the data shown here will provide a model of Ca(2+) control as well as a useful strategy to develop therapeutic drugs for intracellular Ca(2+)-related diseases including inflammation and allergy.
Modifications Occur at Different Structural Levels During the Heat Denaturation of β‐Lactoglobulin (1996)

Heat-induced modifications in the tertiary and quaternary structure of beta-lactoglobulin were followed at neutral pH for the protein at high temperature and for the protein that was heated and cooled. Fast changes in the environment of aromatic amino acids were apparent from near-ultraviolet-CD spectra of the heated protein and their intensity increased with increasing temperature. These modifications were irreversible only at temperatures higher than 65-70 degrees C. Addition of iodoacetamide during the heating/cooling cycle greatly reduced the extent of irreversible modification of the tertiary structure of the protein. Reaction of the native beta-lactoglobulin dimer with iodoacetamide or dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was only observed upon heating at temperatures higher than 40 degrees C and resulted in progressive reaction of the unique sulfhydryl group in each of the two protein monomers. The sulfhydryl reagents induced release of a monomeric protein species that was no longer able to aggregate to the native dimeric form or to sequentially form polymers as found in the protein after heating at high temperature. Dimer dissociation was identified as the rate-limiting step in the reaction of beta-lactoglobulin with sulfhydryl reagents. It occurred at temperatures much lower than those required for appreciable modification of the tertiary structure of the protein, and had an extremely high activation energy (Ea = 213 kJ/mol). These results are compared with other published data, and a general mechanism for the formation of early reactive species in heat-treated beta-lactoglobulin at neutral pH is proposed which stresses the relevant role of a highly hydrophobic, molten-globule-like free monomer that has an exposed sulfhydryl group on its surface.
Characterizing user behavior and network performance in a public wireless LAN (2002)

This paper presents and analyzes user behavior and network performance in a public-area wireless network using a workload captured at a well-attended ACM conference. The goals of our study are: (1) to extend our understanding of wireless user behavior and wireless network performance; (2) to characterize wireless users in terms of a parameterized model for use with analytic and simulation studies involving wireless LAN traffic; and (3) to apply our workload analysis results to issues in wireless network deployment, such as capacity planning, and potential network optimizations, such as algorithms for load balancing across multiple access points (APs) in a wireless network.
[A shock-absorber-damper endoprosthesis for the hip joint]. (1996)

The paper deals with the construction of an implant for complete thigh joint removal. The implant works on a new principle, i.e. division of the major parts of the prosthesis into load-carrying and bearing parts which are isolated all the way with damping silicone gaskets. The implant has a fundamentally new construction. It is accessible for commercial production by advanced technologies and readily applicable in clinical practice. The estimated results of its application are positive as when used, the implant brings a considerably less pressure to bear on the bone than do the well-known Russian and foreign implant models.
A generic battery-cycling optimization framework with learned sampling and early stopping strategies (2022)

Battery optimization is challenging due to the huge cost and time required to evaluate different configurations in experiments or simulations. Optimizing the cycling performance is especially costly since battery cycling is extremely time consuming. Here, we introduce an optimization framework building on recent advances in machine learning, which optimizes battery parameters efficiently to significantly reduce the total cycling time. It consists of a pruner and a sampler. The pruner, using the Asynchronous Successive Halving Algorithm and Hyperband, stops unpromising cycling batteries to save the budget for further exploration. The sampler, using Tree of Parzen Estimators, predicts the next promising configurations based on query history. The framework can deal with categorical, discrete, and continuous parameters and can run in an asynchronously parallel way to allow multiple simultaneous cycling cells. We demonstrated the performance by a parameter-fitting problem for calendar aging. Our framework can foster both simulations and experiments in the battery field.
Route-Based Online Energy Management of a PHEV and Sensitivity to Trip Prediction (2014)

In this paper, we present a method of optimizing the energy management of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) using GIS-assisted stochastic trip prediction. A process was developed to synthesize speed profiles through a combination of Markov chains and information from a geographical information system (GIS) about the future route. In a potential real-world scenario, the future trip (speed, grade, stops, etc.) can be estimated, but not deterministically known. The stochastic trip prediction process models such uncertainty. The route-based energy management presented in this paper uses the Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP). A PMP strategy was implemented in a Simulink controller for a model of Prius-like PHEV and compared to a baseline strategy using Autonomie, an automotive modeling environment. An itinerary was defined, and several speed profiles were synthesized. It was then possible to evaluate the sensitivity of PMP tuning to the speed profile, providing insights about the applicability of PMP control in real-world situations.
Automatic description of microstructures (1986)

SUMMARY This is the third in a series of three papers concerned with developing automatic analysis and classification techniques for metallographic images (specifically binary eutectic alloys of aluminium). The goal of the developmental work was to capture and describe image structure, in the descriptive terminology of a metallographer, and to permit quantification of formerly descriptive parameters. The first paper dealt with the preprocessing stage of image analysis and entailed a study of two segmentation techniques. The second paper reported on work demonstrating the use of texture analysis to characterize structural aspects in images of metallic microstructures. In this paper the textural primatives, or phase particles, are subjected to shape analysis and a novel mechanism for within class characterization. The study of the distribution of these shapes may provide a new means of following the effects of mechanical processing.
Trabecular bone strength patterns at the proximal tibial epiphysis (1985)

The longitudinal compressive strength of trabecular bone from the human proximal tibial epiphysis was investigated in 12 autopsy specimens using multiple penetration tests with a small diameter indentor. Strength profiles were visualized by three-dimensional computerized reconstruction as a function of location on the resection surfaces. There were large variations of the maximal values between individuals, but the patterns obtained were remarkably uniform. The medial condyle showed the highest peak value in all but one knee with a mean medial-to-lateral peak value-ratio of 1.7. At the medial condyle the high strength area was relatively large with peak values being obtained centrally and anteriorly; the lateral condyle showed a more restricted, posteriorly localized area of high strength. Beneath the menisci, bone strength gradually decreased toward the margins of the condyles; likewise, bone strength decreased to reach very low values at the intercondylar region. There was a significant reduction of bone strength with the distance from the subchondral resection surface. This reduction was most pronounced at the high strength areas.
Reliable Trust Estimation in AD HOC Networks using Confidence Interval (2012)

International audience
PEGDA drug delivery scaffolds manufactured with a novel hybrid AM process (2020)

Additive manufacturing (AM) of drug delivery systems (DDS) is a promising tool for the development of patient-tailored treatments to ensure exact formation of individual scaffolds with specific incorporated drug combinations and concentrations. This study describes a novel hybrid AM process, combining stereolithography and inkjet printing, for printing a basic Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) DDS body and placing the model drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in different drug depot locations. Adjusting the drug release by drug depot positioning according to drug diffusion is being investigated. The drug release rates from first 3D printed samples are being shown.
Design and Evaluation of a Tethered, Open Port Sampling Interface for Liquid Extraction-Mass Spectrometry Chemical Analysis (2020)

Presented is a tethered, liquid-extraction-sampling interface designed for the mass spectrometric surface sampling/analysis of 3D objects. The tethered, open port sampling interface (TOPSI) incorporates a vacuum line between the sampling probe and ionization source, which enables the ability for an extended, tethered sample transfer line. Herein, several designs of the hand-held TOPSI are presented and evaluated on the basis of the analytical metrics of analyte transport time, peak width, and analyte sensitivity. The best analytical metrics were obtained with capillary flow resistances arranged in a particular order and the vacuum region set at 6.2 kPa. This TOPSI design incorporated a transfer capillary 1 m in length, while retaining a fast analyte transport time (12 s), short signal peak width (5 s baseline-to-baseline), and high analyte signal at 90% of that obtained with a regular open port sampling interface (OPSI). The hand-held TOPSI was demonstrated for the characterization of extracted small molecules and metabolites from the surface of mint and rosemary leaves.
Glass durability evaluation using multiple test methods (1995)

The high content of Na{sub 2}O in Hanford Site low-level tank wastes, averaging about 80 wt % on an oxide basis, necessitates the development of durable high-sodium glasses. Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is providing glass formulation support for this program. Glass development entails testing many glasses in a short time; it is not practical to perform long-term durability tests on every glass. The current approach on chemical durability focuses on a suite of short-term laboratory tests such as dynamic single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests, static product consistency tests (PCT), and vapor hydration tests. The preliminary results from the three types of tests are quite different, but each provides insight into the glass corrosion process. The PCT data showed that at the same alumina, silica, and sodium levels the glass durability order for different glass systems is: Boron-only > Mixture > Calcium-only, while the opposite order is observed in SPFT tests. The order for vapor hydration tests is: Boron-only > Mixture = Calcium-only. Understanding of the glass durability order requires knowledge of the glass corrosion mechanism under specific test conditions. Integration of the three types of tests used in this program provides a more nearly complete picture of glass corrosion progress andmore » the needed confidence for a glass optimization program. The 7-day PCT tests may provide one of the best means for preliminary screening of glass compositions within short development time. The results are relevant to long-term (or final stage corrosion) durability, as assessed by vapor hydration tests.« less
Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture in West Africans and African Americans (2009)

Quantifying patterns of population structure in Africans and African Americans illuminates the history of human populations and is critical for undertaking medical genomic studies on a global scale. To obtain a fine-scale genome-wide perspective of ancestry, we analyze Affymetrix GeneChip 500K genotype data from African Americans (n = 365) and individuals with ancestry from West Africa (n = 203 from 12 populations) and Europe (n = 400 from 42 countries). We find that population structure within the West African sample reflects primarily language and secondarily geographical distance, echoing the Bantu expansion. Among African Americans, analysis of genomic admixture by a principal component-based approach indicates that the median proportion of European ancestry is 18.5% (25th-75th percentiles: 11.6-27.7%), with very large variation among individuals. In the African-American sample as a whole, few autosomal regions showed exceptionally high or low mean African ancestry, but the X chromosome showed elevated levels of African ancestry, consistent with a sex-biased pattern of gene flow with an excess of European male and African female ancestry. We also find that genomic profiles of individual African Americans afford personalized ancestry reconstructions differentiating ancient vs. recent European and African ancestry. Finally, patterns of genetic similarity among inferred African segments of African-American genomes and genomes of contemporary African populations included in this study suggest African ancestry is most similar to non-Bantu Niger-Kordofanian-speaking populations, consistent with historical documents of the African Diaspora and trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Monte Carlo simulation for verification of nonparametric tests used in final status surveys of MARSSIM at decommissioning of nuclear facilities (2020)

In order to verify the statistical performance of the nonparametric tests used in the MARSSIM approach, all plausible contamination distribution types that can be encountered in a survey area should be investigated. As the first of such investigations, this study aims to perform the verification for normal distribution of the contamination in a survey area by simulating the collection of random samples from it through the Monte Carlo simulation. The results of the simulations conducted for a total of 81 simulation cases showed that Sign test and WRS test both exhibited an excellent statistical performance: 100% for the former and 98.8% for the latter. Therefore, in final status surveys of the MARSSIM approach, a high statistical performance can be expected in applying the nonparametric hypothesis tests to survey areas whose net contamination can be assumed to be normally distributed.
Securing Underwater Wireless Communication Networks-Literature Review (2013)

Underwater wireless communication networks are particularly vulnerable to malicious attacks due to the high bit error rates, large and variable propagation delays, and low bandwidth of acoustic channels. The unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel and the differences between underwater sensor networks and their ground-based counterparts require the development of efficient and reliable security mechanisms. In this paper a complete survey of security for UWCNs is presented, and the research challenges for secure communication in this environment are outlined. Index Terms- Underwater wireless communication networks (UWCNs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), Global Positioning System (GPS), Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), Underwater sensor positioning (USP)
A 2-V 2-GHz BJT variable frequency oscillator (1998)

A new LC-tuned negative-resistance variable-frequency oscillator (VFO) is described. Frequency tuning is accomplished by using a variable-impedance converter (VIC) to simulate the varactor function. A negative-impedance converter provides the necessary negative resistance for oscillation and also functions as the voltage level shifters for the VIC. A low-voltage translinear circuit is used to linearize the tuning characteristic of the VFO. Implemented in a 0.8 /spl mu/m 12 GHz f/sub T/ BiCMOS technology, the VFO has a tuning range from 1.55 to 2.02 GHz, while consuming 15 mA from a -2 V supply.
Predicting Maize Transpiration, Water Use and Productivity for Developing Improved Supplemental Irrigation Schedules in Western Uruguay to Cope with Climate Variability (2016)

Various maize irrigation treatments including full and deficit irrigation were used to calibrate and validate the soil water balance and irrigation scheduling model SIMDualKc at Paysandú, western Uruguay. The model adopts the dual crop coefficient approach to partition actual evapotranspiration (ETc act) into actual transpiration (Tc act) and soil evaporation (Es). Low errors of estimation were obtained for simulating soil water content (Root mean square errors (RMSE) ≤ 0.014 cm3·cm−3 with calibrated parameters, and RMSE ≤ 0.023 cm3·cm−3 with default parameters). The ratio Es/Tc act ranged from 26% to 33% and Es/ETc act varied from 20% to 25%, with higher values when the crop was stressed offering less soil coverage. Due to rainfall regime, runoff and deep percolation were quite large. The Stewarts phasic model was tested and used to predict maize yield from Tc act with acceptable errors, in the range of those reported in literature. Water productivity values were high, ranging 1.39 to 2.17 kg·m−3 and 1.75 to 2.55 kg·m−3 when considering total water use and crop ET, respectively. Using a 22-year climatic data series, rainfed maize was assessed with poor results for nearly 40% of the years. Differently, alternative supplemental irrigation schedules assessed for the dry and very dry years have shown good results, particularly for mild deficit irrigation. Overall, results show appropriateness for using SIMDualKc to support the irrigation practice.
DYNAMICS OF SIMPLE AIR-SUPPORTED VEHICLES OPERATING OVER IRREGULAR GUIDEWAYS (1967)

The simplest appropriate dynamic model for fluid suspensions, a dynamic spring with lead and lag, is used to study the vertical displacement and acceleration of a vehicle moving over a guideway containing deterministic and random irregularities. The analysis is limited to heave motion and to irregularity wavelengths long relative to the suspension length. For any value of lead time constant an optimum lag time constant is shown to exist which minimizes vehicle acceleration and which may be achieved by adjusting the dead volumes in the fluid suspension. The general results are applied to a simple rigid-walled plenum. Relations for acceleration, relative displacement, mass flow and pumping power are presented as functions of cushion geometry, loading, and hover height. The dynamic lead is shown to depend primarily on the vehicle weight and area and to be a primary factor determining maximum acceleration. For typical vehicle weights and sizes it is shown that optimum dynamic lead cannot be physically realized in a simple plenum suspension. Further the results obtained in this simple analysis suggest that it will be very difficult to achieve adequate passenger comfort at HSGT speeds over realistic guideways through use of only primary rigid simple plenum suspensions. (Author)
3D-Spiral Small Antenna Design and Realization for Biomedical Telemetry in the MICS band (2009)

Abstract. This work presents the design and realization procedure of small implantable antenna for biotelemetry ap-plications. The radiator occupies a volume smaller than 3 cm3 (without its biocompatible insulation), is well matched within the Medical Implanted Communications System band and shows an adequate gain (-28.5 dB) while introduced in the appropriate equivalent body medium. The latter is a homogeneous phantom with muscle dielectric properties. A prototype has been manufactured and measurements agree with theoretical predictions. Particular attention is paid to the building requirements such as the presence of glue. Spe-cific Absorption Rate (SAR) distribution has been computed evaluating the maximum power deliverable to the antenna in order to respect the regulated SAR limitation.