gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N (1992)

Vomiting (emesis) is one of the most complex neural reflexes involving a unique temporal pattern of activation of both somatic and autonomic motor neurones. Although nausea and vomiting may be encountered most frequently in a clinical context as a symptom of disease (e.g., raised intracranial pressure, pyloric stenosis, labyrinthitis, food poisoning) or as a "side effect" of drug therapy (e.g., antitumor chemotherapy), it is important to remember that they are components of a biologically important hierarchically organized system that protects the body against the accidental ingestion of toxins. Usually every effort is made to avoid ingestion of hazardous agents by taking evasive action based on taste, smell, and visual cues, but not all toxins taste bitter or are of aposematic coloring and so may be inadvertently swallowed. There is therefore a clear requirement for a mechanism by which the toxin can be detected and ejected once it is in the body and hence detection systems are located at both pre-absorptive (e.g., gut mucosa) and post-absorptive (e.g., circulation) sites.KeywordsNerve Growth FactorNerve AgentArea PostremaNerve Growth Factor ReceptorRelease ProbabilityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
High quality CT image reconstruction from a small number of projections (2003)

In the CT image reconstruction, the authors investigate the obtainable information content about object to be imaged from its finite number of projections and the structure of the reconstruction error due to the insufficient number of projections. They can explicitly demonstrate that the mechanism which limits the resolution of CT image is angular aliasing. Based on this investigation, a new CT image reconstruction algorithm is developed, which produces high quality artifactless images even in the case of a small number of projections. The image quality reconstructed by the proposed algorithm is superior to that by the conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The “IAG-Switch”—A Key Controlling Element in Decapod Crustacean Sex Differentiation (2020)

The androgenic gland (AG)-a unique crustacean endocrine organ that secretes factors such as the insulin-like androgenic gland (IAG) hormone-is a key player in crustacean sex differentiation processes. IAG expression induces masculinization, while the absence of the AG or a deficiency in IAG expression results in feminization. Therefore, by virtue of its universal role as a master regulator of crustacean sexual development, the IAG hormone may be regarded as the sexual "IAG-switch." The switch functions within an endocrine axis governed by neuropeptides secreted from the eyestalks, and interacts downstream with specific insulin receptors at its target organs. In recent years, IAG hormones have been found-and sequenced-in dozens of decapod crustacean species, including crabs, prawns, crayfish and shrimps, bearing different types of reproductive strategies-from gonochorism, through hermaphroditism and intersexuality, to parthenogenesis. The IAG-switch has thus been the focus of efforts to manipulate sex developmental processes in crustaceans. Most sex manipulations were performed using AG ablation or knock-down of the <i>IAG</i> gene in males in order to sex reverse them into "neo-females," or using AG implantation/injecting AG extracts or cells into females to produce "neo-males." These manipulations have highlighted the striking crustacean sexual plasticity in different species and have permitted the manifestation of either maleness or femaleness without altering the genotype of the animals. Furthermore, these sex manipulations have not only facilitated fundamental studies of crustacean sexual mechanisms, but have also enabled the development of the first IAG-switch-based monosex population biotechnologies, primarily for aquaculture but also for pest control. Here, we review the crustacean IAG-switch, a unique crustacean endocrine mechanism, from the early discoveries of the AG and the IAG hormone to recent IAG-switch-based manipulations. Moreover, we discuss this unique early pancrustacean insulin-based sexual differentiation control mechanism in contrast to the extensively studied mechanisms in vertebrates, which are based on sex steroids.
Molecular correlates of Delta-like-ligand 3 (DLL3) expression in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). (2022)

4127 Background: NENs can occur in many locations but have limited precision therapy options. DLL3 is a cell surface protein that is emerging as a promising therapeutic target in NENs including neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Our recent study indicated that ̃77% of NEPCs expressed DLL3, with expression in circulating tumor cells being highly concordant with matched biopsies. While there are ongoing clinical trials of drugs targeting DLL3, the repertoire of clinical and genomic features shared across other DLL3-expressing NEN cancers is ill-defined. Methods: We analyzed WES and WTS data from NENs identified across 29 different sites of origin using the Caris Life Sciences platform, excluding SCLC and including neuroendocrine carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. We used values above or below median DLL3 expression of all NEN samples to define DDL3-High/Low (H/L). Significance of molecular alterations in DLL3-H vs L was determined using Fisher’s-Exact/Mann Whitney/X 2 test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Results: DLL3 expression across all 2672 NEN samples was observed in 27 of 29 NENs after excluding SCLC. NENs of anus, prostate, lung, bladder, and bile duct exhibited the greatest median DLL3 expression, whereas adrenal gland, small bowel, and nervous system displayed the lowest. Certain tissues of origin displayed more robust DLL3 expression, with 71% (50/66) of NEPC, 75% (87/122) of lung, and 77.3% (51/66) of bladder being DLL3-H compared to 14.4% (13/90) of adrenal and 7.9% (12/151) of small bowel NENs. DLL3-H NENs were associated with TMB-high status ( &gt; 10 muts/Mb; 12.1% vs 4.5%, OR 2.7, q &lt; 0.001) and more genomic alterations in several driver genes, including tumor suppressors TP53 (51% vs 23%, OR 2.3, q &lt; 0.001) and RB1 (42% vs 10%, OR 4.2, q &lt; 0.001), and oncogenes KRAS (14% vs 5.4%, OR 2.5, q &lt; 0.001), MYC (5.7% vs 0.9%, OR 6.3, q &lt; 0.001) and CCNE1 (5.3% vs 1.3%, OR 4.0, q = 0.001). Conversely, DLL3-L NENs exhibited more alterations in CTNNB1 (2.2% vs 5.2%, OR 0.42, q = 0.04), MEN1 (3.3% vs 11%, OR 0.30, q &lt; 0.001), and BCOR (1.3% vs 4.1%, OR 0.32, q = 0.02). DLL3-H NENs also had significantly more alterations in PIK3CA (6.4% vs 3.0%, OR 2.1, q = 0.04), chromatin remodeling genes KMT2D (6.7% vs 2.6% OR 2.6, q = 0.005) and CREBBP (3.2% vs 0.9%, OR 3.6, q = 0.03), and WNT signaling gene APC (9.7% vs 5.2%, OR 1.9, q = 0.02). Conclusions: We confirmed DLL3 expression in NENs across different tissues of origin, with highest expression in poorly differentiated NENs. DLL3-H expression was associated with genomic features considered “undruggable” based on current precision therapy approaches. Therefore, DLL3-targeted therapies may serve as a promising strategy for NEN patients with functional loss of tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1, as well as increased activity of KRAS, WNT and MYC signaling.
Histone Replacement Marks the Boundaries of cis-Regulatory Domains (2007)

Cellular memory is maintained at homeotic genes by cis-regulatory elements whose mechanism of action is unknown. We have examined chromatin at Drosophila homeotic gene clusters by measuring, at high resolution, levels of histone replacement and nucleosome occupancy. Homeotic gene clusters display conspicuous peaks of histone replacement at boundaries of cis-regulatory domains superimposed over broad regions of low replacement. Peaks of histone replacement closely correspond to nuclease-hypersensitive sites, binding sites for Polycomb and trithorax group proteins, and sites of nucleosome depletion. Our results suggest the existence of a continuous process that disrupts nucleosomes and maintains accessibility of cis-regulatory elements.
0743 The Pharmacokinetic Adverse Event Relationship for FT218, a Once-Nightly Sodium Oxybate Formulation (2020)

Abstract Introduction Sodium oxybate is an effective treatment for excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. The approved formulation requires twice-nightly dosing: at bedtime and 2.5 - 4 hours later, which results in two distinct Cmax’s. FT218 is a controlled-release formulation of sodium oxybate intended for once-nightly dosing, using Avadel’s proprietary Micropump™ technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic-adverse event (AE) relationship for FT218, an investigational once-nightly sodium oxybate formulation. Methods Six single-dose, randomized, crossover studies that assessed the pharmacokinetics of FT218 at 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 g in healthy voluntters were used in this analysis. Lattice plots, “spaghetti” plots, and scatter plots of individual gamma hydroxybutyrate concentrations and indicators when AEs by system, organ, or class (SOC) were created to determine any PK-AE relationship. Results A total of 129 healthy volunteers received single doses of FT218 between 4.5 - 9 g. Most AEs, specifically for the neurological and gastrointestinal SOC, occurred close to Tmax, during the Cmax period, which for FT218 was around 1.5-2 hours after dosing. These AEs were known AEs associated with sodium oxbyate. There appeared to be no clear correlation between individual plasma GHB concentrations levels and AEs between subjects. Individual AEs were equally distributed above and below the mean population Cmax and AUCinf for the dataset. Conclusion In general, adverse events for FT218 occurred around Tmax. There was no clear population toxicokinetic range for when AEs occur with FT218, but mostly individual thresholds. Since it appears AEs are related to Cmax, and FT218 only has one Cmax compared to two with the currently available product, it is hypothesized that FT218 will have a favorable safety profile compared to twice-nightly dosing. Support This work was supported by Avadel Pharmaceuticals
Obstructive endotracheal lesions of thyroid cancer (2002)

Airway invasion is a life-threatening complication of thyroid cancer. An important issue that deserves better attention is the differentiation between the clinical features of tracheal wall invasion versus those of an obstructive endotracheal lesion. We present information on the clinical course, diagnostic modalities utilized, management instituted, along with the prognosis, and follow-up data on a group of patients presenting with obstructive endotracheal lesions of thyroid cancer. Two thousand four hundred and eighty-nine thyroid cancer patients were seen at our institution from December 1975 to May 2000. Thirteen patients presented with symptoms of respiratory distress related to obstructive endotracheal lesions. At presentation, 11 patients underwent endoscopic examination. Imaging studies consisting of I123 whole body scan (WBS), computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) of neck and chest, whole body positron emission tomography using 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((FDG)PET) were done, as also was determination of the tumour markers, serum thyroglobulin (TG) and calcitonin. Patients were followed for one to 108 months after the initial presentation. Intraluminal tracheal obstruction was severe in eight patients; five had near-total-occlusion. Paralysis of the vocal folds was present in five. Evidence of metastatic disease was present in most patients. Dissociation between iodine uptake and TG synthesis was evident in five patients during follow-up. Four patients died of cancer. Of the nine living patients; cancer persisted in six, recurred in two patients, and remitted in one. This study has identified obstructive endotracheal lesion of thyroid cancer as a distinct entity apart from tracheal wall disease. These data provide evidence that intraluminal tracheal invasion of thyroid cancer is an ominous sign and a frequent cause of morbidity.
Design and Optimization of a Ring-Pair Permanent Magnet Array for Head Imaging in a Low-Field Portable MRI System (2018)

In this paper, we present the design and optimization of a ring-pair permanent magnet array for head imaging in a low-held portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The proposed array generates a longitudinal main static magnetic held (B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> held) with an average held strength of 169.7 mT and a homogeneity of 24786 ppm in a held of view with a diameter of 200 mm and a thickness of 50 mm. It is a signihcant increase in held homogeneity by 79.7% compared to a traditional ring-pair structure of the same dimension and mass while still maintaining a similar held strength. The optimization was implemented by applying a genetic algorithm and by proposing an efhcient current model for the forward calculation of the magnetic held. The effectiveness of the optimization is validated by realistic simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. Compared to a Halbach array, where the held is transversal and the existing coil designs cannot be applied directly, the proposed array generates stronger helds. Its magnetic held is longitudinal, which allows the direct application of the advancements in RF coil designs in a conventional MRI system to the imaging system using the proposed magnet array.
Electronics development for the Deformable Mirror Demonstration Mission (DeMi) (2018)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
130. Organic fluorides. Part VII. Co-ordination compounds of fluoroacetylacetones (1951)

R. N. Haszeldine, W. K. R. Musgrave, F. Smith and L. M. Turton, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 609 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510000609
A new isoflavone glycoside from flowers ofPueraria Montanavar.lobata(Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep (2019)

A new isoflavone glycoside, named 3'-hydroxytectorigenin-7-<i>O</i>-β-D-xylosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (<b>1</b>) was isolated from the flowers of <i>Pueraria montana</i> var. <i>lobata</i> (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep. The structure of compound <b>1</b> was characterised by HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. In radical scavenging activity test using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), compound <b>1</b> showed moderate activity with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 42 ± 4.2 μg/mL.
A Neural Attention Model for Urban Air Quality Inference: Learning the Weights of Monitoring Stations (2018)

Urban air pollution has attracted much attention these years for its adverse impacts on human health. While monitoring stations have been established to collect pollutant statistics, the number of stations is very limited due to the high cost. Thus, inferring fine-grained urban air quality information is becoming an essential issue for both government and people. In this paper, we propose a generic neural approach, named ADAIN, for urban air quality inference. We leverage both the information from monitoring stations and urban data that are closely related to air quality, including POIs, road networks and meteorology. ADAIN combines feedforward and recurrent neural networks for modeling static and sequential features as well as capturing deep feature interactions effectively. A novel attempt of ADAIN is an attention-based pooling layer that automatically learns the weights of features from different monitoring stations, to boost the performance. We conduct experiments on a real-world air quality dataset and our approach achieves the highest performance compared with various state-of-the-art solutions.
The State‐of‐the‐Art in Predictive Visual Analytics (2017)

Abstract Predictive analytics embraces an extensive range of techniques including statistical modeling, machine learning, and data mining and is applied in business intelligence, public health, disaster management and response, and many other fields. To date, visualization has been broadly used to support tasks in the predictive analytics pipeline. Primary uses have been in data cleaning, exploratory analysis, and diagnostics. For example, scatterplots and bar charts are used to illustrate class distributions and responses. More recently, extensive visual analytics systems for feature selection, incremental learning, and various prediction tasks have been proposed to support the growing use of complex models, agent‐specific optimization, and comprehensive model comparison and result exploration. Such work is being driven by advances in interactive machine learning and the desire of end‐users to understand and engage with the modeling process. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we catalogue recent advances in the visualization community for supporting predictive analytics. First, we define the scope of predictive analytics discussed in this article and describe how visual analytics can support predictive analytics tasks in a predictive visual analytics (PVA) pipeline. We then survey the literature and categorize the research with respect to the proposed PVA pipeline. Systems and techniques are evaluated in terms of their supported interactions, and interactions specific to predictive analytics are discussed. We end this report with a discussion of challenges and opportunities for future research in predictive visual analytics.
Towards detection of interest during movie scenes (2008)

In this paper a basic approach for the continuous detection of interest based on physiological signals is described and tested on data recorded during movie watching.Feature extraction, selection, and classification are used and an indicator f [t] for interest level is proposed.Using this indicator, interest changes can be detected, even within short movie scenes.No correlations are found between interest and the commonly used emotional parameters arousal and valence.
Evaluation of PepT1 (SLC15A1) Substrate Characteristics of Therapeutic Cyclic Peptides (2022)

The human peptide transporter hPepT1 (SLC15A1), physiologically transporting dipeptides and tripeptides generated during food digestion, also plays a role in the uptake of small bioactive peptides and peptide-like drugs. Moreover, it might be addressed in prodrug strategies of poorly absorbed drugs. We hypothesised that the cyclic drug peptides octreotide and pasireotide could be substrates of this transporter because their diameter can resemble the size of dipeptides or tripeptides due to their strong structural curvature and because they reach the systemic circulation in Beagle dogs. For investigating possible hPepT1 substrate characteristics, we generated and characterised a CHO-K1 cell line overexpressing <i>SLC15A1</i> by transfection and selection via magnetic beads. Possible inhibition of the uptake of the prototypical substrate Gly-Sar by octreotide and pasireotide was screened, followed by quantifying the uptake of the cyclic peptides in cells overexpressing <i>SLC15A1</i> compared with the parental cell line. Although inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake was observed, uptake of octreotide and pasireotide was not increased in <i>SLC15A1</i> overexpressing cells, indicating a lack of transport by hPepT1. Our data clearly indicate that octreotide and pasireotide are nonsubstrate inhibitors of hPepT1 and that their oral bioavailability cannot be explained by absorption via hPepT1.
Studies on the synthesis and microwave absorption properties of Fe3O4/polyaniline FGM (2007)

Electrically conducting polyaniline (PANI)–magnetic oxide (Fe3 O4) composites were synthesized by emulsion polymerization in the presence of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as the surfactant and dopant and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that the composite has a magnetic core and an electric shell and the modification has prevented the aggregation of Fe3 O4 nanoparticles effectively. The electromagnetic parameter measurements (e'', e', μ'' and μ') in the range of 2–18 GHz prove that Fe3 O4 in the Fe3 O4/PANI/DBSA is responsible for the electric and ferromagnetic behavior of the composites. As a result, the electromagnetic parameters can be designed by adjusting the content of the Fe3 O4. The microwave absorption of functionally graded material (FGM) was simulated by the computer according to the principle of impedance match and the calculated results agreed quite well with the experimentally measured data (R 4 GHz).
Temperature-Aware Architecture: Lessons and Opportunities (2011)

Managing temperature has become an important concern in modern processor and other microelectronic chips. The problem has become especially severe as the ability to reduce supply voltage has slowed. As a result, the number of devices per unit area is sca ing up faster than the power density is scaling down. This requires more expensive cooling solutions to keep the chip and its local hotspots cool, and these challenges will be exacerbated by 3D integration, which seems imminent. Furthermore, high temperature slows integrated circuits because of degraded carrier mobility and interconnect resistivity. It also accelerates multiple chip-failure mechanisms such as electromigration and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI), because the wearout rate has an exponential temperature dependency. Static leakage power is primarily an exponential function of temperature. There's also the possibility of thermally induced security vulnerabilities, such as denial of service. Unfortunately, air cooling's ability to address temperature concerns is limited by system-level power constraints, acoustic challenges, and sometimes form factors, while alternative cooling solutions are still too expensive for commodity use. Temperature-aware design can reduce these problems.
Studies of reduction with the sodium borohydride-transition metal boride system. I. Reduction of nitro and the other functional groups with the sodium borohydride-nickel boride system. (1988)

Aromatic nitro, azoxy, azo and hydrazo compounds were reduced with the sodium borohydride-nickel boride system to the corresponding reduction products under mild conditions.
Design of Thermoacoustic Rig for the Analysis of Thermal and Hydraulic Performance of Heat Exchangers in Oscillatory Flow (2013)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a standing wave thermoacoustic rig for specific purpose of investigating the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of thermoacoustic heat exchangers in oscillatory flow. Detailed description of the design of various components of the rig, including the representative heat exchangers and aerodynamic shapes, intended to modify the pressure drop characteristics, is given with emphasis on different capabilities of the rig and the reasons for specific choices that are made in the process of design and fabrication. Future activities with regards to the planned studies on the rig are also discussed.
IDTV broadcast applications for a handheld device (2004)

Interactive digital television (IDTV) promises to enhance traditional television programming. Current approaches to IDTV generally use either the primary television display or add a second display that resides on a traditional personal computer. This paper outlines a new approach to IDTV that uses a handheld IDTV device, and describes a working prototype that demonstrates the merit of this type of solution. The approach we describe allows interactive content to be delivered to an individual without impacting other viewers. Further, by targeting small devices, IDTV content can become portable, for "anytime, anywhere" interaction.