gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in human pancreatic cancer and growth inhibition by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (2001)

We investigated the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) in pancreatic cancer. Both AT1 mRNA and protein were expressed in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Binding assays showed that pancreatic cancer cells have specific binding sites for angiotensin II and that binding could be eliminated by treatment with a selective AT1 antagonist in a dose-dependent fashion. Surprisingly, the growth of cancer cells was significantly suppressed by treatment with antagonist, also in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest AT1 plays an important role in pancreatic cancer growth. Furthermore, ligand-induced inhibition of AT1 may be a useful therapeutic strategy.
The Design of a Droplet Ejector (1999)

A model is developed describing a novel ink jet printer driven by a piezoelectric component used to eject a fluid droplet through a rubber valve. The model is analyzed to address specific printer design issues. Rapid droplet production and efficient conversion of piezoelectric energy to droplet kinetic energy are ensured by suitable choices of the ejector geometry and the voltage step used to produce the droplet. A parameter regime is found in which a resonance prevents the valve from closing properly, and this particular regime must be avoided for correct printer operation. By choosing a suitable voltage signal after the production of an ink droplet, the device is returned rapidly to its initial or quiescent state.
Perovskite Solar Cells Using Carbon Nanotubes Both as Cathode and as Anode (2017)

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have received much attention because they achieve high power conversion efficiencies while providing the advantages of thin-film solar cells, namely, solution processability and potentially low fabrication costs. However, at the current level of halide perovskite solar cell technology, these advantages cannot be maximized because of structural and material limitations. Here, we provide a solution to these problems by replacing conventional metal and metal oxide electrodes with carbon nanotube electrodes. We also simplified the structure to achieve entirely solution-processable perovskite solar cells. Through this study, we demonstrate the function of carbon nanotubes as both the anode and the cathode in perovskite solar cells. Economic modeling suggests that this novel architecture reduces costs dramatically. This work realizes innovations in the materials, costs, and processing of inverted-type perovskite solar cells.
1461-P: Quantifying Proinsulin Misfolding in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2022)

We recently reported that normal pancreatic islets or beta cell lines contain a subset of proinsulin molecules that have not achieved the three intramolecular disulfide bonds required for native insulin structure. Indeed, we found that non-native proinsulin monomers can form intermolecular disulfide-linked complexes, which are detectable by immunoblotting after nonreducing SDS-PAGE. However, we have recognized difficulties in the quantitative interpretation of these analyses, as we frequently identified conditions in which little or no proinsulin monomer was detected, and non-native disulfide-linked complexes amounted to greater cumulative proinsulin band intensity than the entire population of proinsulin molecules detected by immunoblotting upon reducing SDS-PAGE. Here we have developed several critical modifications of our methodology to rectify these discrepancies to undertake a more accurate determination of the pool of misfolded proinsulin molecules in pancreatic beta cells under conditions of health and disease. Using these modifications, we find that the size of the proinsulin monomer pool has previously been underestimated and the fraction of disulfide-linked complexes overestimated — and this can be readily explained by proinsulin antibody affinity in the immunoblotting protocol. Additionally by immunoblotting, we now resolve native and non-native proinsulin monomers, highlighting the inefficiency of non-native proinsulin transport through the secretory pathway. Disclosure A.Arunagiri: None. M.Alam: None. L.Haataja: None. P.J.Samy: None. S.Soleimanpour: None. L.S.Satin: None. P.Itkin-ansari: None. M.Liu: None. P.Arvan: n/a. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01-DK48280) , National Institutes of Health (U01-DK127747) , and National Institutes of Health (R24 DK110973)
Coaxial GaAs-AlGaAs core-multishell nanowire lasers with epitaxial gain control (2016)

We demonstrate the growth and single-mode lasing operation of GaAs-AlGaAs core-multishell nanowires (NW) with radial single and multiple GaAs quantum wells (QWs) as active gain media. When subject to optical pumping lasing emission with distinct s-shaped input-output characteristics, linewidth narrowing and emission energies associated with the confined QWs are observed. Comparing the low temperature performance of QW NW laser structures having 7 coaxial QWs with a nominally identical structure having only a single QW shows that the threshold power density reduces several-fold, down to values as low as ∼2.4 kW/cm2 for the multiple QW NW laser. This confirms that the individual radial QWs are electronically weakly coupled and that epitaxial design can be used to optimize the gain characteristics of the devices. Temperature-dependent investigations show that lasing prevails up to 300 K, opening promising new avenues for efficient III–V semiconductor NW lasers with embedded low-dimensional gain media.
EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BOTTLENECKS AND PRODUCTION CONTROL RULES AT ASSEMBLY STATIONS (1999)

....................................................................................................................x 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 1.1 Motivation.................................................................................................................1 1.2 Fundamentals of Manufacturing Control Systems.......................................................8 1.3 Manufacturing Systems Philosophies........................................................................11 1.4 Manufacturing System Control Methodologies.........................................................12 1.4.1 MRP and MRPII Systems...............................................................................12 1.4.2 DBR System...................................................................................................15 1.4.3 Kanban System.................................................................
Statistische Beobachtungen zu echten und gefälschten byzantinischen Kaiserschreiben an westliche Herrscher und Institutionen (565-1453) (2005)

Der Verlust originaler Urkunden zur Geschichte mittelalterlicher Staaten stellt ein allgemeines Problem der Forschung dar, und der Recours auf Kopien und indirekte Überlieferung gehört zur alltäglichen Arbeit des Historikers. In Byzanz ist die Sachlage noch weitaus gravierender, da alle staatlichen Archive zerstört sind und sich entsprechende Dokumente nur vereinzelt in Klöstern oder in außerhalb des byzantinischen Reiches befindlichen Archiven erhalten haben. Byzantinische Historiker haben k...
MIMO Relaying: Distributed TAS/MRC in Nakagami-m Fading (2011)

We develop a unified framework for the symbol error rate (SER) of distributed transmit antenna selection with receiver maximal-ratio combining (TAS/MRC) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay networks. We focus on nonregenerative relaying with N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> , N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> , and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> antennas at the source, relay, and destination, respectively. We consider the general fading scenario of Nakagami-m fading with distinct m fading parameters in the source-to-relay and the relay-to-destination links. We present new analytical expressions for the statistics of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Specifically, we derive exact expressions and first order expansions for the cumulative distribution function and moment generating function of the end-to-end SNR. Based on these, we derive new closed-form expressions for the asymptotic SER under M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM). Our asymptotic solutions accurately identify the diversity order and the array gain as two key design components of the network.
Response of the equatorial topside ionosphere to 27‐day variations in solar EUV input during a low solar activity period using C/NOFS (2012)

The ion velocity meter (IVM), a part of the CINDI instrument on board the C/NOFS spacecraft, is used to make ion density (N i ) and temperature (T i ) measurements in the low‐latitude topside ionosphere in the 400–850 km altitude range during the low‐solar activity period 2009–2010. Averages of the N i measurements are then compared to the daily F10.7 values and the Mg II index values that serve as proxies for solar EUV input to the ionosphere. Before this comparison the IVM ion densities are normalized to a constant 550 km altitude level using the International Reference Ionosphere. Results from daytime data during December 2009–March 2010 indicate the presence of 30–40% N i variations with an approximately 27‐day period. Cross correlation between the density measurements and the daily averaged EUV proxies shows that the ion density variations lag solar EUV by approximately 1 to 3 days in phase. We also note that there is low correlation of the EUV proxies with ion temperature.
Surface antigenic variation in Giardia lamblia (2002)

Giardia lamblia, a common intestinal dwelling protozoan and a cause of diarrhoea in humans and animals world-wide, undergoes surface antigenic variation. The variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) are a family of related, highly unusual proteins that cover the entire surface of the parasite. VSPs are cysteine-rich proteins containing many CXXC motifs, one or two GGCY motifs, a conserved hydrophobic tail and a Zn finger motif. The biological role(s) of VSPs is unclear. As VSPs are resistant to the effects of intestinal proteases, they likely allow the organism to survive in the protease-rich small intestine. Although immune escape is commonly mentioned as the reason antigenic variation occurs, VSP expression changes in vivo even in the absence of an adaptive immune system suggesting the biological role of antigenic variation is more complex. The molecular mechanisms involved in antigenic variation are not known but appear to differ from those known to occur in other protozoa.
Active imaging system performance model for target acquisition (2007)

The U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate has developed a laser-range-gated imaging system performance model for the detection, recognition, and identification of vehicle targets. The model is based on the established US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD sensor performance models of the human system response through an imaging system. The Java-based model, called NVLRG, accounts for the effect of active illumination, atmospheric attenuation, and turbulence effects relevant to LRG imagers, such as speckle and scintillation, and for the critical sensor and display components. This model can be used to assess the performance of recently proposed active SWIR systems through various trade studies. This paper will describe the NVLRG model in detail, discuss the validation of recent model components, present initial trade study results, and outline plans to validate and calibrate the end-to-end model with field data through human perception testing.
Barrier Technology and Applications (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Encapsulation Requirements Thin-Film Permeation Physics Measurement of Barrier Properties Barrier Technologies Barrier Application in OPV Conclusion References
Adsorption of diatomic molecules on iron tape-porphyrin: A comparative study (2008)

We investigated the adsorption of diatomic molecules, CO, NO, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, denoted by $X\mathrm{O}$ on iron tape-porphyrin (FeTP) using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. In this work, we present the structure and electronic properties of iron tape-porphyrin and its complexes with CO, NO, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The binding of such diatomic molecules to FeTP gave rise to significant changes on both the geometric structure and electronic properties of FeTP. We found that in all FeTP complexes with diatomic molecules, the Fe atom moves out of the porphyrin plane toward the adsorbed molecule. The energy of the iron-diatomic molecule bond increases in the order of $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(0.554\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})&lt;\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(1.225\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})&lt;\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(1.719\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$. At its stable position, the $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}X\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{O}$ angle increases in the order of $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{C}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{O}&gt;\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{N}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{O}&gt;\mathrm{Fe}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{O}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{O}$. The changes in geometric structure are in accordance with other density functional theory calculations and experimental results for porphyrin molecule. As regards the electronic properties, there appears an energy gap between the conduction band and valence band in CO-adsorbed and NO-adsorbed cases with a more pronounced energy gap in the former, while none was observed in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-adsorbed case. We attribute these changes in electronic properties to the strong interaction involving the $d$ orbitals of the Fe atom and the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ orbitals of diatomic molecules. Specifically, for the CO and NO adsorbed on FeTP cases, the change in electronic properties is attributed to the strong hybridization of ${d}_{xz}$ and ${d}_{yz}$ orbitals of the Fe atom and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ orbitals. For ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ adsorbed on FeTP, the hybridization of the ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbital of the Fe atom and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ orbitals plays the key role in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$--iron tape-porphyrin interaction.
Interaction of coagulation factor Xa with human platelets. (1977)

When human 125I-labeled Factor Xa is incubated with washed platelets, prothrombin, and Ca2+, a small amount of thrombin is formed which causes the platelet release reaction after a period of time that decreases as the Xa concentration is increased from 0.9 to 19 ng/ml. After a further lag period, the Xa binds reversibly to receptors on the platelet surface and rapid thrombin formation follows (3 units or 1 mug of thrombin formed per min per ng of Xa bound to 10(8) platelets). When platelets are treated with either htrombin (0.5 units/ml) or calcium ionophore A23187 prior to addition of Xa, binding begins immediately. Thrombin formation occurs at the platelet surface at rates that correlate with the amount of Xa bound. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibits the release reaction, Xa binding, and rate of thrombin generation in parallel. The platelet Xa receptor is distinct from the previously described thrombin receptor and appears to be a protein because treatment of platelets with thrombin at 50 units/ml destroys Xa binding sites. The results suggest that specific receptors for Xa appear on the platelet surface after the release reaction occurs. The bound Xa catalyzes thrombin formation 1000-fold faster than does Xa added to reactions in which phospholipids are substituted for platelets.
Pancreatic regenerating protein (regI) and regIreceptor mRNA are upregulated in rat pancreas after induction of acute pancreatitis (2006)

Acute pancreatitis results in increased tissue reg I protein levels localized to the acinar and ductal cells, and a parallel threefold induction of reg I receptor in the ductal cells, islets, and acinar cells. These changes suggest that induction of reg I and its receptor may be important for recovery from acute pancreatitis.
Speech Enhancement Using Generative Dictionary Learning (2012)

The enhancement of speech degraded by real-world interferers is a highly relevant and difficult task. Its importance arises from the multitude of practical applications, whereas the difficulty is due to the fact that interferers are often nonstationary and potentially similar to speech. The goal of monaural speech enhancement is to separate a single mixture into its underlying clean speech and interferer components. This under-determined problem is solved by incorporating prior knowledge in the form of learned speech and interferer dictionaries. The clean speech is recovered from the degraded speech by sparse coding of the mixture in a composite dictionary consisting of the concatenation of a speech and an interferer dictionary. Enhancement performance is measured using objective measures and is limited by two effects. A too sparse coding of the mixture causes the speech component to be explained with too few speech dictionary atoms, which induces an approximation error we denote source distortion. However, a too dense coding of the mixture results in source confusion, where parts of the speech component are explained by interferer dictionary atoms and vice-versa. Our method enables the control of the source distortion and source confusion trade-off, and therefore achieves superior performance compared to powerful approaches like geometric spectral subtraction and codebook-based filtering, for a number of challenging interferer classes such as speech babble and wind noise.
Cloning and expression of the antitumor glycoprotein gene of Streptococcus pyogenes Su in Escherichia coli. (1987)

The structural gene for the streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP), an antitumor glycoprotein produced by Streptococcus pyogenes Su, was cloned in Escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of SAGP was composed of 410 amino acids, and was highly homologous with colicin E1, a bacterial antimicrobial protein. The SAGP gene was subcloned into an expression plasmid and was expressed in E. coli. The gene product was demonstrated to have almost the same molecular weight and an immuno-chemical property with those of the native SAGP.
A New Preparation Method for Anisotropic Silk Fibroin Nerve Guidance Conduits and Its Evaluation In Vitro and in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Defect Model (2015)

Over the past decade, silk fibroin (SF) has been emergently used in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Current approaches aiming at producing SF-based nerve guidance conduits (SF-NGCs) used dissolved silk based on either aqueous solutions or organic solvents. In this study, we describe a novel procedure to produce SF-NGCs: A braided tubular structure of raw Bombyx mori silk is subsequently processed with the ternary solvent CaCl2/H2O/ethanol, formic acid, and methanol to improve its mechanical and topographical characteristics. Topographically, the combination of the treatments results in a fusion of the outer single silk fibers to a closed layer with a thickness ranging from about 40 to 75 μm. In contrast to the outer wall, the inner lumen (not treated with processing solvents) still represents the braided structure of single fibers. Mechanical stability, elasticity, and kink characteristics were evaluated with a custom-made test system. The modification procedure described here drastically improved the elastic properties of our tubular raw scaffold, favoring its use as a NGC. A cell migration assay with NIH/3T3-fibroblasts revealed the impermeability of the SF-NGC wall for possible invading and scar-forming cells. Moreover, the potential of the SF-NGC to serve as a substratum for Schwann cells has been demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests and live-dead stainings of Schwann cells grown on the inner surface of the SF-NGC. In vivo, the SF-NGC was tested in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. In short-term in vivo studies, it was proved that SF-NGCs are not triggering host inflammatory reactions. After 12 weeks, we could demonstrate morphological and functional reinnervation of the distal targets. Filled with collagen, a higher number of axons could be found in the distal to the graft (1678±303), compared with the empty SF-NGC (1274±146). The novel SF-NGC presented here shows promising results for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The modification of braided structures to adapt their mechanical and topographical characteristics may support the translation of SF-based scaffolds into the clinical setting. However, further improvements and the use of extracellular matrix molecules and Schwann cells are suggested to enable silk tube based conduits to bridge long-distance nerve gaps.
Fibroblast Fatty-Acid Oxidation Flux Assays Stratify Risk in Newborns with Presumptive-Positive Results on Screening for Very-Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (2017)

Very-long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with three major phenotypes: severe neonatal/infantile, milder childhood and late onset myopathic. VLCADD is genetically heterogeneous with numerous pathogenic mutations and variants of uncertain significance. VLCADD is included in many newborn screening programs but these suffer from high false positive rates, primarily due to positive screens in heterozygotes. Separating these and newborns with two low-risk “mild” variants from clinically at risk patients can be problematic, as clinical and biochemical markers are often unreliable, particularly in stable neonates. We have measured fibroblast fatty acid oxidation flux using [9,10-H3]myristic acid and [9,10-H3]oleic acid from 69 clinically presenting VLCADD patients including myopathic and infantile phenotypes and 13 positive newborn screened patients. We also measured fibroblast VLCADD enzyme activity by UV-HPLC detection of product in a sub-set of patients and compared these results to oleate FAO-flux. Fibroblast enzyme assay by UV-HPLC detection failed to clearly discriminate between some clinically presenting VLCADD patient cell lines and cell lines from some simple heterozygotes. FAO-flux clearly discriminated between clinically presenting VLCADD patients and the false positive screened patients. FAO-flux at 37 °C provides information as to the likely clinical phenotype but FAO-flux at 41 °C is the best discriminator for identifying clinically at risk patients.
Spectrum allocation for hierarchical communication networks in smart grid (2017)

In this study, a spectrum allocation algorithm is proposed to reduce the cost and the packets loss rate in the communications between the utility company and the consumers. We establish a cost model based on spectrum allocation in smart grid. Specifically, the subbands are allocated to different data aggregator units (DAUs) according to the confidence level and the maximum cost requirements. The maximum cost corresponding to the DAUs are provided by different utility companies. Simulation results demonstrate that the spectrum allocation algorithm can reduce the packets loss rate and make the cost of the utility companies all below the maximum cost requirements.