gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramicrogel Complexation of Oppositely Charged Compartments As a Route to Quasi-Hollow Structures (2017)

We have predicted using computer simulations and have detected with SAXS measurements that pH-sensitive core–shell polyampholyte microgels can form a dense layer (“skin”) at the core–shell interface. The microgels have cationic core and neutral shell at low pH, whereas the core becomes neutral and the shell becomes anionic at high pH. The core and shell are oppositely charged at intermediate pH values. The layer formation is a result of the electrostatic complexation between oppositely charged subchains. We have studied microgels with different core–shell ratios and fractions of ionizable groups and analyzed radial distribution of polymer volume fraction and volume fractions of cationic and anionic groups. We have demonstrated that in many cases complexation of oppositely charged subchains (intermediate pH values) or swelling of charged core with neutral shell (low pH) are responsible for the formation of quasi-hollow structures with a loose core of strongly swollen subchains and dense shell of interpenetrating core- and shell-forming subchains. The most pronounced quasi-hollow structures are predicted in computer simulations for highly charged microgels. On the contrary, practically homogeneous swelling of the microgels is observed at high pH, when electrostatics-driven swelling of the anionic shell promotes swelling of the neutral core. All structures are colloidally stable due to the spatial segregation of the opposite charges. Therefore, the microgels can be useful as carriers for pH-controlled uptake, storage, and release of neutral guest molecules, which can be trapped within the microgel at low and intermediate pH and released at high pH.
Introduction of Foreign Genes into Silkworm Eggs by Electroporation and Its Application in Transgenic Vector Test (2004)

Electroporation as a methodology to introduce foreign genes into silkworm eggs was systematically analyzed. The foreign gene in both the newly hatched and 3rd instar larva DNA can be detected by PCR. The amount of foreign gene in 3rd instar larva DNA was about 1/1000 of that in newly hatched larva DNA. The ratio of foreign gene entering into silkworm eggs was voltage dependent and showed significant difference between the tested silkworm strains. When the piggyBac transposon system was applied, the effect of nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide and the in vitro transcribed transposase mRNA on the transposition rate has been measured. Results showed that the in vitro transcribed transposase mRNA facilitated transposition to take place earlier and NLS could result in higher transposition probability and earlier transposition as well. When linearized vectors containing varied length of flanking homologous sequences around a reporter gene were introduced into silkworm eggs by electroporation, the one with 2.6 kb total arm length gave higher G1 positive ratio than that with total arm length of 1.5 kb and 800 bp.
Acid-sensing ion channels detect moderate acidifications to induce ocular pain (2015)

Sensory nerve fibers innervating the ocular anterior surface detect external stimuli producing innocuous and painful sensations. Protons are among the first mediators released by damaged cells during inflammation, tissue injury, or other chronic ophthalmic conditions. We studied whether acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are expressed in corneal sensory neurons and their roles in the response to moderate acidifications of the ocular surface and in pathologies producing ocular surface inflammation. Moderate acidic pH (6.6) activated ASIC-like currents in corneal sensory neurons, which were blocked by ASIC1- or ASIC3-specific toxins. Acidic pH depolarizes corneal sensory neurons to fire action potentials, an effect blocked by the ASIC3 inhibitor APETx2. 2-Guanidino-4-methylquinazoline, an ASIC3 agonist, activated a population of corneal polymodal sensory nerve fibers and significantly increased the blinking and tearing rate. The nocifensive behaviors produced by application of either a moderate acidic stimulus or ophthalmic drugs formulated in acidic solution were abolished by ASIC blockers. In a model of allergic keratoconjunctivitis, nocifensive behavior was greatly reduced by ASIC3 blockade, presumably by reducing nociceptor sensitization during the inflammatory process. Our results show that, in addition to the established role of TRPV1, ASICs play a significant role in the detection of acidic insults at the ocular surface. The identification of ASICs in corneal neurons and their alterations during different diseases is critical for the understanding of sensory ocular pathophysiology. They are likely to mediate some of the discomfort sensations accompanying several ophthalmic formulations and may represent novel targets for the development of new therapeutics for ocular pathologies.
Divergent compensatory responses to high-fat diet between C57BL6/J and C57BLKS/J inbred mouse strains (2013)

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are polygenic disorders with complex pathophysiologies; recapitulating them with mouse models is challenging. Despite 70% genetic homolog...
Acute respiratory failure due to Aspergillus niger infection with acute fibrinous and organazing pneumonia: A case report (2022)

A 59-year-old woman complaining of wet cough, hemoptysis, slight fever, anorexia, and malaise was admitted to hospital with suspected lobar pneumonia. She received treatment for myocardial infarction and deep venous thrombosis caused by familial protein C deficiency. Rapid deterioration due to respiratory failure occurred despite intensive care with broad-spectrum antibiotics. At a later date, sputum examination revealed the presence of <i>Aspergillus niger</i>. Based on clinical and autopsy findings, she was diagnosed with acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary aspergillosis with acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. This is the first reported case of pulmonary aspergillosis with acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia complicated by calcium oxalate resulting from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> infection, leading to severe inflammation and tissue injury in the lungs.
Activated Peripheral CD8 Lymphocytes Express CD4 In Vivo and Are Targets for Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2001)

There is increasing evidence that CD8 lymphocytes may represent targets for infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vivo whose destruction may contribute to the loss of immune function underlying AIDS. HIV-1 may infect thymic precursor cells destined to become CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and contribute to the numerical decline in both subsets on disease progression. There is also evidence for the induction of CD4 expression and susceptibility to infection by HIV-1 of CD8 lymphocytes activated in vitro. To investigate the relationship between CD8 activation and infection by HIV-1 in vivo, activated subsets of CD8 lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-seropositive individuals were investigated for CD4 expression and HIV infection. Activated CD8 lymphocytes were identified by expression of CD69, CD71, and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II, the beta-chain of CD8, and the RO isoform of CD45. CD4(+) and CD4(-) CD8 lymphocytes, CD4 lymphocytes, other T cells, and non-T cells were purified using paramagnetic beads, and proviral sequences were quantified by PCR using primers from the long terminal repeat region. Frequencies of activated CD8 lymphocytes were higher in HIV-infected study subjects than in seronegative controls, and they frequently coexpressed CD4 (mean frequencies on CD69(+), CD71(+), and HLA class II(+) cells of 23, 37, and 8%, respectively, compared with 1 to 2% for nonactivated CD8 lymphocytes). The level of CD4 expression of the double-positive population approached that of mature CD4 lymphocytes. That CD4 expression renders CD8 cell susceptible to infection was indicated by their high frequency of infection in vivo; infected CD4(+) CD8 lymphocytes accounted for between 3 and 72% of the total proviral load in PBMCs from five of the eight study subjects investigated, despite these cells representing a small component of the PBMC population (<3%). Combined, these findings provide evidence that antigenic stimulation of CD8 lymphocytes in vivo induces CD4 expression that renders them susceptible to HIV infection and destruction. The specific targeting of responding CD8 lymphocytes may provide a functional explanation for the previously observed impairment of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) function disproportionate to their numerical decline in AIDS and for the deletion of specific clones of CTLs responding to HIV antigens.
Optical FlowVisor: An OpenFlow-based Optical Network Virtualization Approach (2012)

A novel impairment aware optical network virtualization mechanism (Optical FlowVisor) based on software defined networking (OpenFlow-based) paradigm is experimentally demonstrated. End-to-end flow setup time and the performance of virtual switches and OpenFlow controller are reported.
Interleukins and hemopoietic growth factors (1993)

Part 1 Pathology induced by interleukins: comparative toxicity and pathology associated with administration of recombinant rHuIL-1a to animals, T.D.Anderson, et al pathogenesis of toxicity with human-derived interleukin-2 experimental animals, Y. Harada and I. Yahara comparative toxicity and pathology associated with administration of recombinant IL-2 to animals, T.J. Hayes toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-4 cynomolgus monkeys, T.A. Barbolt, et al pathology induced by interleukin-6, B. Ryffel, et al interleukin 6 (IL-6) myeloma/plasmacytoma, S. Suematsu, et al interleukin-9, J.-C. Renauld, et al. Part 2 Pathology induced by hematopoietic growth factors: comparative toxicity of escherichia coli and yeast rhu IL-3 cynmolgus and rhesus monkeys, G. Reiner, et al preclinical safety assessment of recombinant human GM-CSF rhesus monkeys, R.L. Robison and L.A. Meyers granulocyte colony stimulating factor - animal studies for risk assessment, P. Keller clinical and histopathological effects on M-CSF laboratory animals, C.W. Johnson, et al clinical and histopathological effects on M-CSF laboratory animals, C.W. Johnson, et al review of a novel hematopoietic cytokine, interleukin II, V.F.J. Quesniaux, et al hematologic effects of stem cell factor alone and combination with G-CSF and GM-CSF in vivo and in vitro rodents.
Towards portable source code representations using XML (2002)

One of the most important issues in source code analysis and software re-engineering is the representation of software code text at an abstraction level and form suitable for algorithmic processing. However, source code representation schemes must be compact, accessible by well defined application programming interfaces (APIs) and above all portable to different operating platforms and various CASE tools. This paper proposes a program representation technique that is based on language domain modes and the XML markup language. In this context, source code is represented as XML DOM trees that offer a higher level of openness and portability than custom-made tool specific abstract syntax trees. The DOM trees can be exchanged between tools in textual or binary form. Similarly the domain model allows for language entities to be associated with analysis services offered by various CASE tools, leading to an integrated software maintenance environment.
Synthesis of Dense Collagen/Apatite Composites Using a Biomimetic Method (2008)

In this article we describe a simple but effective biomimetic method to prepare dense apatite/collagen nanocomposites. Collagen‐containing simulated body fluid was used to mimic the natural bone formation environment. The apatite/collagen films were formed at the air–solution interface under physiological conditions (40°C and pH=6.3). Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, western blot analysis, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray were used to characterize the apatite/collagen composites. It was revealed that the nanosized apatite particles formed into a platelet shape with 100 nm in width and length and &lt;10 nm in thickness. The collagen existed around the apatite platelets and acted as a glue to bind these platelets together. The collagen and apatite were strongly adhered to each other and formed into dense composite.
On the dispersion of a drug delivered intrathecally in the spinal canal (2018)

This paper investigates the transport of a solute carried by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the spinal canal. The analysis is motivated by the need for a better understanding of drug dispersion in connection with intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD), a medical procedure used for treatment of some cancers, infections and pain, involving the delivery of the drug to the central nervous system by direct injection into the CSF via the lumbar route. The description accounts for the CSF motion in the spinal canal, described in our recent publication (Sánchez et al. , J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 841, 2018, pp. 203–227). The Eulerian velocity field includes an oscillatory component with angular frequency $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}$ , equal to that of the cardiac cycle, and associated tidal volumes that are a factor $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}\ll 1$ smaller than the total CSF volume in the spinal canal, with the small velocity corrections resulting from convective acceleration providing a steady-streaming component with characteristic residence times of order $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}^{-2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{-1}\gg \unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{-1}$ . An asymptotic analysis for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}\ll 1$ accounting for the two time scales $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{-1}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}^{-2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{-1}$ is used to investigate the prevailing drug-dispersion mechanisms and their dependence on the solute diffusivity, measured by the Schmidt number $S$ . Convective transport driven by the time-averaged Lagrangian velocity, obtained as the sum of the Eulerian steady-streaming velocity and the Stokes-drift velocity associated with the non-uniform pulsating flow, is found to be important for all values of $S$ . By way of contrast, shear-enhanced Taylor dispersion, which is important for values of $S$ of order unity, is shown to be negligibly small for the large values $S\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D700}^{-2}\gg 1$ corresponding to the molecular diffusivities of all ITDD drugs. Results for a model geometry indicate that a simplified equation derived in the intermediate limit $1\ll S\ll \unicode[STIX]{x1D700}^{-2}$ provides sufficient accuracy under most conditions, and therefore could constitute an attractive reduced model for future quantitative analyses of drug dispersion in the spinal canal. The results can be used to quantify dependences of the drug-dispersion rate on the frequency and amplitude of the pulsation of the intracranial pressure, the compliance and specific geometry of the spinal canal and the molecular diffusivity of the drug.
High resolution imaging with TM 01 laser beams (2009)

Using the vectorial diffraction theory established by Richards and Wolf, we demonstrate that the resolution of a two-photon microscope can be improved with a radially polarized TM<sub>01</sub> laser beam and an interface between dielectrics, instead of the linearly polarized Gaussian beam already used in laser scanning microscopy. To verify the theoretical results, we developed a mode converter producing radially polarized beams and we have integrated it in a commercial two-photon microscope.
Hollow polycarbonate fiber for Er:YAG laser light delivery (2006)

We developed hollow fibers with polycarbonate (PC) capillaries for use as a supporting tube. The PC capillaries were prepared by using a glass-drawing technique. Hollow PC fibers are safer and more flexible than hollow glass fibers because no fragments are released when the fibers are broken in various applications. Inner coating layers of silver and cyclic olefin polymer (COP) enhanced the reflection rate at the Er:YAG laser light wavelength. Using these fibers, we attained low loss for Er:YAG laser light transmission. By adjusting the drawing temperature in the fabrication of the PC capillaries, we created a smooth inner surface and uniform PC capillaries. We also demonstrated low-loss properties for visible pilot beams.
Real-Time Reconstruction for Low Contrast Ultrasonic Tomography Using Continuous-Wave Excitation (2019)

Two-phase flow widely exists in the process industry, where ultrasonic tomography provides reliable visualization with benefits of noninvasion, nonradiation, and low-cost. To provide real-time reconstruction of low acoustic impedance contrast medium distribution existed in two-phase flow, a novel approach using continuous-wave excitation is proposed. With the basic measurement model introduced, a subspace filtered reconstruction algorithm is introduced with improvements on both accuracy and speed. Through nonuniform shape constrained range filter, the relative image error (RE) is reduced by 32.94% and 33.03% compared to simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) and filter back projection (FBP) methods. Through derivation of offline iteration/online reconstruction (OIOR) method and truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD), the computing speed increases to 122 frame/s, which fits the requirement of online monitoring. A prototype of the measurement system is introduced with improved design of bipolar high-voltage excitation module and fan-beam angle piezoelectric transducers. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed method has better image accuracy compared to conventional methods.
STRONTIUM AND ACTINIDE SEPARATIONS FROM HIGH LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE SOLUTIONS USING MONOSODIUM TITANATE 1. SIMULANT TESTING (2005)

High-level nuclear waste produced from fuel reprocessing operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) requires pretreatment to remove {sup 137}Cs, {sup 90}Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides (i.e., actinides) prior to disposal. Separation processes planned at SRS include caustic side solvent extraction, for {sup 137}Cs removal, and ion exchange/sorption of {sup 90}Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides with an inorganic material, monosodium titanate (MST). The predominant alpha-emitting radionuclides in the highly alkaline waste solutions include plutonium isotopes {sup 238}Pu, {sup 239}Pu and {sup 240}Pu. This paper provides a summary of data acquired to measure the performance of MST to remove strontium and actinides from simulated waste solutions. These tests evaluated the influence of ionic strength, temperature, solution composition and the oxidation state of plutonium.
Solar-assisted heat pump systems: Assessment of an example using profiled steel cladding (1992)

Correlation equations are presented which describe the in-situ performance of an air-source heat pump installed in a UK domestic residence. The equations are used for assessing the effect on overall system performance of heat pump solar assistance provided by profiled steel cladding acting as an air preheater. Results are compared with those for the cases of conventional tile roof preheating, and no preheating at all, and the assessment procedure is validated with reference to measured data for the tile roof case. It is shown that system performance can be enhanced by use of the cladding. However, the effects of fan power and defrost cycling are shown to be important, and it is concluded that a full investigation of the cost effectiveness of such a system is warranted before application on a larger scale.
Impedance Measurement Solution Based on the High Time Resolution DSP (2020)

Efficient way to develop the almost-single-chip impedance measurement device is to use the off-the-shelf Digital Signal Processor (DSP) with the on-chip pulse-width-modulator(s) (PWM) to generate the multifrequency excitation signals, ADC to acquire the response (and optionally excitation) signals for further real-time Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) for complex impedance estimation, DMA-controller for efficient data transfers in data acquisition etc.Such innovative and efficient in various aspects (cost, speed, accuracy) impedance spectrum measurement device, based on the TMS320F28069 DSP chip of Texas Instruments having close to 12-bit-resolution in 1MHz range and taking 1000 impedance spectras every second has been previously developed by the authors. Still, as shown here, the solution can be significantly improved by innovative using of the high-resolution timing features of the on-chip PWM modules - as well as for generation of the binary waveforms for the excitations with improved spectral content, as well as for precise control of timing of ADC sampling with uniform and non-uniform sampling schemes, improving the accuracy of the solution, by an order. Furthermore, the newer version of the similar DSP, like TMS320F28377 with enhanced multiple 16-bit ADCs with high-resolution PWM and having more digital processing power, helps further to improve the performance of the solution.
Temperature dependence of shot noise in double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (2018)

Shot noise reveals spin dependent transport properties in a magnetic tunnel junction. We report measurement of shot noise in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions, which shows a strong temperature dependence. The Fano factor used to characterize shot noise increases with decreasing temperature. A sequential tunneling model can be used to account for these results, in which a larger Fano factor results from larger spin relaxation length at lower temperatures.
A methodology for physical design automation for integrated optics (2012)

Advancements in silicon photonics technology are enabling large scale integration of electro-optical circuits and systems. To fully exploit this potential, automated techniques for design space exploration and physical synthesis for integrated optics must be developed. This paper investigates how conventional VLSI physical design automation techniques can be adapted for integrated optics applications. We present an overall methodology for cell-placement, global routing, and detail routing for physical synthesis of optical circuits. In addition, we highlight optics-specific constraint models, design rules and optimization criteria that will have to be accounted for in physical design automation.
CdS Thin-Film Field Effect Transistor (1976)

In this paper, Thin-Film Field Effect Transistor (TFT) made in our laboratory using vacuum evaporation and photolithography is reported. The different parameters are calculated. When two gates cover the same source and drain electrodes, the device with the gate near the connecting pads shows saturated characteristics, but the other device fails to saturate. A simple explanation based on surface states is given for this behaviour.
Primary Cardiac Undifferentiated High-Grade Intimal Pleomorphic Sarcoma: A Case Series Report (2020)

We report two patients with primary cardiac sarcomas. The first patient was admitted for dyspnea on exertion secondary to congestive heart failure. She was later diagnosed with intimal pleomorphic sarcoma involving the right ventricular outflow tract extending into the pulmonary artery, which was further complicated by metastasis to the lung. The second patient was admitted for left-sided weakness secondary to a right frontal lobe ischemic stroke. The patient was later diagnosed with left atrial intimal pleomorphic sarcoma, which was further complicated by metastasis to the small bowel and right femur.