gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crop field extraction method based on texture analysis and automatic threshold determination (2003)

We developed a crop field extraction method, which is one of the steps in our land cover classification system for a huge area, like national or continental scale. Firstly, a crop field model is defined to characterize "crop field" in terms of NDVI value and textural information. Textural information is represented by the density of straight lines which are extracted by wavelet transform. Secondly, candidates of NDVI threshold value are determined by the "scale-space filtering" method. The most appropriate threshold value among the candidates is determined by evaluating the line density of the area extracted by the threshold value. Finally, the crop field is extracted by applying level slicing to Landsat TM images with the threshold value determined above. The experiment demonstrates that the extracted area by this method coincides very well with the one extracted by visual interpretation.
Employing a Gain-of-Function Factor IX Variant R338L to Advance the Efficacy and Safety of Hemophilia B Human Gene Therapy: Preclinical Evaluation Supporting an Ongoing Adeno-Associated Virus Clinical Trial (2020)

AbstractVector capsid dose-dependent inflammation of transduced liver has limited the ability of adeno-associated virus (AAV) factor IX (FIX) gene therapy vectors to reliably convert severe to mild hemophilia B in human clinical trials. These trials also identified the need to understand AAV neutralizing antibodies and empty AAV capsids regarding their impact on clinical success. To address these safety concerns, we have used a scalable manufacturing process to produce GMP-grade AAV8 expressing the FIXR338L gain-of-function variant with minimal (<10%) empty capsid and have performed comprehensive dose–response, biodistribution, and safety evaluations in clinically relevant hemophilia models. The scAAV8.FIXR338L vector produced greater than 6-fold increased FIX specific activity compared with wild-type FIX and demonstrated linear dose responses from doses that produced 2–500% FIX activity, associated with dose-dependent hemostasis in a tail transection bleeding challenge. More importantly, using a bleeding model that closely mimics the clinical morbidity of hemophilic arthropathy, mice that received the scAAV8.FIXR338L vector developed minimal histopathological findings of synovitis after hemarthrosis, when compared with mice that received identical doses of wild-type FIX vector. Hemostatically normal mice (n=20) and hemophilic mice (n=88) developed no FIX antibodies after peripheral intravenous vector delivery. No CD8+ T cell liver infiltrates were observed, despite the marked tropism of scAAV8.FIXR338L for the liver in a comprehensive biodistribution evaluation (n=60 animals). With respect to the role of empty capsids, we demonstrated that in vivo FIXR338L expression was not influenced by the presence of empty AAV particles, either in the presence or absence of various titers of AAV8-neutralizing antibodies. Necropsy of FIX–/– mice 8–10 months after vector delivery revealed no microvascular or macrovascular thrombosis in mice expressing FIXR338L (plasma FIX activity, 100–500%). These preclinical studies demonstrate a safety:efficacy profile supporting an ongoing phase 1/2 human clinical trial of the scAAV8.FIXR338L vector (designated BAX335).
Differential Persistence among Genomovars of theBurkholderia cepaciaComplex in a Murine Model of Pulmonary Infection (2002)

Cystic fibrosis patients infected with strains from different genomovars of the Burkholderia cepacia complex can experience diverse clinical outcomes. To identify genomovar-specific determinants that might be responsible for these differences, we developed a pulmonary model of infection in BALB/c mice. Mice were rendered leukopenic by administration of cyclophosphamide prior to intranasal challenge with 1.6 x 10(4) bacteria. Five of six genomovar II strains persisted at stable numbers in the lungs until day 16 with minimal toxicity, whereas zero of seven genomovar III strains persisted but resulted in variable toxicity. We have developed a chronic pulmonary model of B. cepacia infection which reveals differences among genomovars in terms of clinical infection outcome.
Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of the dynamics of polymer solutions in periodic and confined geometries (2005)

A numerical method to simulate the dynamics of polymer solutions in confined geometries has been implemented and tested. The method combines a fluctuating lattice-Boltzmann model of the solvent [Ladd, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1339 (1993)] with a point-particle model of the polymer chains. A friction term couples the monomers to the fluid [Ahlrichs and Dunweg, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 8225 (1999)], providing both the hydrodynamic interactions between the monomers and the correlated random forces. The coupled equations for particles and fluid are solved on an inertial time scale, which proves to be surprisingly simple and efficient, avoiding the costly linear algebra associated with Brownian dynamics. Complex confined geometries can be represented by a straightforward mapping of the boundary surfaces onto a regular three-dimensional grid. The hydrodynamic interactions between monomers are shown to compare well with solutions of the Stokes equations down to distances of the order of the grid spacing. Numerical results are presented for the radius of gyration, end-to-end distance, and diffusion coefficient of an isolated polymer chain, ranging from 16 to 1024 monomers in length. The simulations are in excellent agreement with renormalization group calculations for an excluded volume chain. We show that hydrodynamic interactions in large polymers can be systematically coarse-grained to substantially reduce the computational cost of the simulation. Finally, we examine the effects of confinement and flow on the polymer distribution and diffusion constant in a narrow channel. Our results support the qualitative conclusions of recent Brownian dynamics simulations of confined polymers [Jendrejack et al., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 1165 (2003) and Jendrejack et al., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 2513 (2004)].
SU-FF-T-318: Novel Application of Serial Tomotherapy Based Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy to a Cobalt (60Co) Teletherapy System (2007)

Purpose: To investigate the application of serial tomotherapy based IMRT to a cobalt teletherapy unit with a 2cm diameter source emitting gamma radiation modulated with a MIMiC binary multi-leaf collimator. Method and Materials: Modifications were made to the CORVUS finite size pencil-beam dose model to account for unique features of cobalt teletherapy. The geometric kernel representing the source distribution was changed from a Gaussian appropriate for linear accelerators to a two dimensional circ function (also called a radially symmetric Heaviside step function) which better represents the isotropic radiation emanating from the cylindrical cobalt source. The Clarkson integration used to compute scatter dose was modified to reflect partial source obfuscation when fields are small compared to the source size. A correction in the generation of leaf sequences was made to account for the interplay of leaf curvature with the large diameter source. Finally, a shield was developed to compensate for the unique leakage characteristics of the teletherapy system studied. The system was compared with QA measurements made using EDR2 film for eight cases including head-neck, prostate, and acoustic neuroma with the MIMiC operating in 2cm mode (nominal leaf size 1cm×2cm). Results: Excellent relative agreement was obtained with respect to film; for each plan at least 97% of points passed the χ2 comparison corresponding to 4%, 4mm. A consistent 5% normalization scale discrepancy was noted which may be caused by film calibration issues. On further investigation, the scale discrepancy was decreased to 2.5% when parallel film calibration was applied rather than perpendicular calibration. Additionally, average film agreement compared to ion chamber improved under parallel calibration. Conclusion: A unique method of applying serial tomotherapy based IMRT to cobalt teletherapy systems was developed with very promising dosimetric agreement with measurement. Research sponsored by North American Scientific, NOMOS Radiation Oncology Division.
Remote Opening of Metal Containers with a Laser Beam (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemote Opening of Metal Containers with a Laser BeamDonald L. Horrocks and Martin H. StudierCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 13, 1782Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60232a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60232a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human DNA polymerase kappa synthesizes DNA with extraordinarily low fidelity (2000)

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase IV encoded by the dinB gene is involved in untargeted mutagenesis. Its human homologue is DNA polymerase kappa (Polkappa) encoded by the DINB1 gene. Our recent studies have indicated that human Polkappa is capable of both error-free and error-prone translesion DNA synthesis in vitro. However, it is not known whether human Polkappa also plays a role in untargeted mutagenesis. To examine this possibility, we have measured the fidelity of human Polkappa during DNA synthesis from undamaged templates. Using kinetic measurements of nucleotide incorporations and a fidelity assay with gapped M13mp2 DNA, we show that human Polkappa synthesizes DNA with extraordinarily low fidelity. At the lacZalpha target gene, human Polkappa made on average one error for every 200 nucleotides synthesized, with a predominant T-->G transversion mutation at a rate of 1/147. The overall error rate of human Polkappa is 1.7-fold lower than human Poleta, but 33-fold higher than human Polbeta, a DNA polymerase with very low fidelity. Thus, human Polkappa is one of the most inaccurate DNA polymerases known. These results support a role for human Polkappa in untargeted mutagenesis surrounding a DNA lesion and in DNA regions without damage.
Substituent Effect on Acidity of Substituted 2-(4-Nitrobenzoylamino)alkanamides in Methanol-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures (1998)

The dissociation constants of substituted 2-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)alkanamides, N -[2-(4-nitrobenzoylamino)alkanoyl]pyrrolidines, and N -alkyl-4-nitrobenzamides have been measured spectrophotometrically in 60 and 80% v/v DMSO. The p K A values of these N -acids are discussed from the point of view of substituents at the acetamide α-carbon atom.
Altered Circular RNA Expression in Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure (2017)

this study demonstrates that a number of circRNAs were differentially expressed in patients with repeated implantation failure compared with normal controls and may offer novel molecular candidates for diagnosis and clinical treatment of embryo implantation failures.
Signal-adapted wavelets for Doppler radar system (2004)

In this paper, a method based on genetic algorithms is proposed for constructing signal-adapted wavelets for the wavelet-based ammunition Doppler radar system. In the wavelet-based Doppler system, the joint time-frequency analysis of the Doppler signals is done using the wavelet packet best-basis transform (WPBBT). Either standard wavelets from the literature or specially constructed signal-adapted wavelets can be used in the WPBBT. With signal-adapted wavelets the choice of wavelets for the WPBBT will not be limited to the standard wavelets from the literature. The best bases entropy is a performance measure of the wavelet when it is used in the WPBBT and is used as the cost functional to be minimised in the genetic algorithm. The proposed method can be used to construct signal-adapted wavelets for other wavelet-based applications such as image compression.
Self‐Assembled Room Temperature Multiferroic BiFeO3‐LiFe5O8 Nanocomposites (2019)

Abstract Multiferroic materials have driven significant research interest due to their promising technological potential. Developing new room‐temperature multiferroics and understanding their fundamental properties are important to reveal unanticipated physical phenomena and potential applications. Here, a new room temperature multiferroic nanocomposite comprised of an ordered ferrimagnetic spinel α‐LiFe 5 O 8 (LFO) and a ferroelectric perovskite BiFeO 3 (BFO) is presented. It is observed that lithium (Li)‐doping in BFO favors the formation of LFO spinel as a secondary phase during the synthesis of Li x Bi 1− x FeO 3 ceramics. Multimodal functional and chemical imaging methods are used to map the relationship between doping‐induced phase separation and local ferroic properties in both the BFO‐LFO composite ceramics and self‐assembled nanocomposite thin films. The energetics of phase separation in Li doped BFO and the formation of BFO‐LFO composites are supported by first principles calculations. These findings shed light on Li's role in the formation of a functionally important room temperature multiferroic and open a new approach in the synthesis of light element doped nanocomposites for future energy, sensing, and memory applications.
Serological Evaluation of Mycobacterium ulcerans Antigens Identified by Comparative Genomics (2010)

A specific and sensitive serodiagnostic test for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection would greatly assist the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer and would also facilitate seroepidemiological surveys. By comparative genomics, we identified 45 potential M. ulcerans specific proteins, of which we were able to express and purify 33 in E. coli. Sera from 30 confirmed Buruli ulcer patients, 24 healthy controls from the same endemic region and 30 healthy controls from a non-endemic region in Benin were screened for antibody responses to these specific proteins by ELISA. Serum IgG responses of Buruli ulcer patients were highly variable, however, seven proteins (MUP045, MUP057, MUL_0513, Hsp65, and the polyketide synthase domains ER, AT propionate, and KR A) showed a significant difference between patient and non-endemic control antibody responses. However, when sera from the healthy control subjects living in the same Buruli ulcer endemic area as the patients were examined, none of the proteins were able to discriminate between these two groups. Nevertheless, six of the seven proteins showed an ability to distinguish people living in an endemic area from those in a non-endemic area with an average sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 88%, suggesting exposure to M. ulcerans. Further validation of these six proteins is now underway to assess their suitability for use in Buruli ulcer seroepidemiological studies. Such studies are urgently needed to assist efforts to uncover environmental reservoirs and understand transmission pathways of the M. ulcerans.
Morphological skeleton representation and shape recognition (2003)

The nature of the morphological skeleton representation of a binary shape is related to the composition of structuring elements through the distance function defined by morphological set transforms in digital space. Two digital metrics, uniform-step distance and periodically-uniform-step distance, are introduced to provide useful spatial measures for morphological transforms. A natural shape representation by ribbonlike components is accomplished by extraction of skeletal feature primitives from the morphological skeleton of a shape. The hierarchical structure of the representation makes it stable and insensitive to noise disturbance. The matching is a simple top-down process in which the inverses of the skeletal feature primitives at each level are compared. The recognition is based on the similarity measure provided by the matching process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cryptographic key protection module in hardware for the Need2Know system (2005)

Traditional public key cryptographic methods provide access control to sensitive data by allowing the message sender to grant a single recipient permission to read the encrypted message. The Need2Know/spl reg/ system (N2K) improves upon these methods by providing role-based access control. N2K defines data access permissions similar to those of a multiuser file system, but N2K strictly enforces access through cryptographic standards. Since custom hardware can efficiently implement many cryptographic algorithms and can provide additional security, N2K stands to benefit greatly from a hardware implementation. To this end, the main N2K algorithm, the Key Protection Module (KPM), is being specified in VHDL. The design is being built and tested incrementally: this first phase implements the core control logic of the KPM without integrating its cryptographic sub-modules. Both RTL simulation and formal verification are used to test the design. This is the first N2K implementation in hardware, and it promises to provide an accelerated and secured alternative to the software-based system. A hardware implementation is a necessary step toward highly secure and flexible deployments of the N2K system.
A Millimeter-Wave CMOS Transceiver With Digitally Pre-Distorted PAM-4 Modulation for Contactless Communications (2019)

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (127 GHz) CMOS transceiver with a digital pre-distortion capable PAM-4 modulator for contactless communications. The transmitter upconverts PAM-4 modulated baseband signals through a free-running 127-GHz oscillator and single-balanced mixer, and it delivers PAM-4 modulated carrier signals to a folded-dipole antenna, which is designed on a FR408HR substrate. The receiver's low-noise amplifier provides a 10-dB gain, and the self-mixer downconverts carrier-modulated PAM-4 signals to baseband signals without the necessity of carrier synchronization. The PAM-4 modulator pre-distorts the baseband signals and corrects the non-linear characteristics of the transmitter's upconversion mixer and the receiver's downconversion self-mixer. Designed and fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the demonstrated system transfers 20 Gb/s of PAM-4 modulated data through a 1-mm air gap and consumes 79.5 mW (transmitter: 50.8 mW and receiver: 28.7 mW) of power under a 1.2-V supply, achieving a 3.98-pJ/bit energy efficiency. The communication distance is extended to 3 cm by inserting a dielectric waveguide between the same transceiver.
Estimates of Vadose Zone Drainage from a Capped Seepage Basin, F‐Area, Savannah River Site (2012)

Waste disposal into seepage basins has generated groundwater contaminant plumes at many locations. At the F Area within the Savannah River Site, Pu was extracted from depleted U from 1955 to 1988, with wastewater discharged into seepage basins. Basin 3 was the largest F-Area seepage basin, receiving acidic wastewater containing radionuclides (including 3H, 129I, and multiple isotopes of U, Pu, Sr, and Cs), elevated NO3, and some metals. Contaminants transported into the groundwater migrate toward Fourmile Branch, a tributary to the Savannah River. We developed a two-compartment model and used 20 yr of groundwater quality data to estimate the post-closure drainage of waste solutions through its vadose zone into the aquifer. Tritium, NO3−, and specific conductance were used as tracers in the model to estimate drainage rates. Our calculations indicate that early stages of post-closure waste drainage occurred with high water fluxes (~0.5 m yr−1) and quickly declined. Even 20 yr after basin closure, however, drainage continues at several centimeters per year. While the magnitude of this late-stage drainage rate is low, its impact is large because of the high concentrations of contaminants it continues to supply to the groundwater. These estimated drainage fluxes constrain predictions on the waste plume behavior, especially with respect to its trailing gradient and time scales suitable for monitored natural attenuation. Our methodology requires only groundwater monitoring data and a small number of well-constrained input quantities. This approach can be useful for understanding contaminant dissipation at other locations as well, especially where the hydrogeological setting is relatively simple.
Arene‐Sandwiched Silver(I) Pyrazolates (2007)

Eine Silberfüllung: Das π-acide, dreikernige Silber(I)-pyrazolat [{[3,5-(CF3)2pz]Ag}3] reagiert bereitwillig mit einfachen elektronenreichen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen zu Sandwichkomplexen. Welche Art von Komplex entsteht, hängt vom Lösungsmittel und vom Aren ab; ein Typ sind supramolekulare Stapel. Zudem scheinen einiger dieser Komplexe interessante Lumineszenzeigenschaften aufzuweisen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604585_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A high-level overview of fundamental limits studies for the DARPA SSPARC program (2016)

This paper presents a high-level overview of the Fundamental Limits studies for the DARPA SSPARC program. It focuses on the key techniques and insights that have resulted from this effort and presents possible future research directions that have been suggested by these studies1.