gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Model for the Internal Combustion Engine (Torque Sensor, Stochastic, Engine Control, Cylinder Pressure). (1986)

Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in the application of Control Theory to passenger vehicles: stringent governmental regulations constraining fuel consumption and exhaust emissions have required a shift to integrated electronics controls. Unfortunately, the lack of robust global models for the dynamics of the IC engine has limited the application of the tools of Control Theory in this area. This dissertation is devoted to the formulation of a robust model for the dynamics of the IC engine. The engine is viewed as a system with inputs given by cylinder pressure and net engine torque, and output corresponding to crankshaft angular acceleration. The model is well suited to closed loop engine and transmission control applications. Initially, a rational parameter model is proposed for the rotating and reciprocating dynamics of the engine, then a stochastic model is constructed for the input processes. Cylinder pressure is deterministically related to net engine torque through the geometry and dynamics of the reciprocating assembly. The relationship between net engine torque and crankshaft angular acceleration is explained in terms of a passive second order electrical circuit model with constant parameters. The stochastic input model hypothesizes that cylinder pressure may be modelled as the sum of deterministic and stochastic components, the latter represented by a wide-sense cyclostationary process. A decomposition technique is subsequently developed, based on the Karhunen-Loeve transform, in order to reduce the dimension of the process and to express it as a linear transformation of a WSS uncorrelated vector r and om process with unity variance. Experimental results confirm the validity of both the deterministic and the stochastic parts of the model over a wide range of engine operating conditions. The deterministic model provides a powerful tool for estimating average and instantaneous net engine torque based on a non-contacting measurement of crankshaft acceleration. The stochastic model explains cyclic pressure variations by an additive Gaussian WSS vector noise process. Further, it demonstrates that by means of a suitable linear transformation-invariant with load and RPM-, the noise process may be expressed in terms of a three-dimensional uncorrelated vector r and om process.
Novel System for Potential Nondestructive Material Inspection Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (2011)

A new positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer consisting of a start γ-ray detector, a stop γ-ray detector, a digital oscilloscope, and a positron detector, which is a plastic scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier tube, is described. A 22Na source is placed between the positron detector and a sample to be studied. γ-ray signals related to positrons annihilating in the positron detector are rejected by anti-coincidence processing. Comparison of the positron lifetime spectrum of a steel strip collected with the new system with that collected with a conventional system using two specimens sandwiching the 22Na source shows that accurate positron lifetime measurements are possible with the new system. The new system does not require cutting of the samples and is potentially applicable to truly nondestructive onsite inspection of various materials such as those used in nuclear power plants, aircraft and cars, etc., by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS).
The Nature of the Compensatory Response to Low Thyroid Hormone in the Developing Brain (2009)

Thyroid hormone is essential for normal brain development, although the degree to which the developing brain is sensitive to small perturbations in serum thyroxin is not clear. An important concept related to this is that the developing brain possesses potent mechanisms to compensate for low serum thyroid hormone, and this concept is routinely employed in discussions concerning clinical treatments or public health. However, experimental studies have not directly tested whether (or the degree to which) putative compensatory mechanisms can ameliorate the consequences of small reductions in serum thyroxin (T(4)). To formally test this concept, we employed a model of graded T(4) reductions using doses of propylthiouracil (PTU) that were 200- to 67-fold lower than the dose traditionally used to produce hypothyroidism in rats. PTU produced a stepwise decrease in serum total T(4), and a stepwise increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), in type 2 deiodinase mRNA expression and enzyme activity in the brain, and in the expression of the mRNA encoding the tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) transporter MCT8 in the postnatal day (P) 15 cortex. However, the mRNA encoding RC3/neurogranin, a direct target of T(3) action, exhibited a strong negative linear correlation with serum total T(4) despite these adaptive responses. In addition, single-cell analysis of RC3 mRNA levels in cortical neurones demonstrated that the co-expression of MCT8 did not alter the relationship between RC3 mRNA and serum T(4). These findings do not support the currently envisioned concept of the developing brain being capable of compensating for low T(4).
Two-site adsolubilization model of incorporation of alcohols into adsorbed surfactant aggregates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-site adsolubilization model of incorporation of alcohols into adsorbed surfactant aggregatesC. Lee, M. A. Yeskie, Jeffrey H. Harwell, and E. A. O'RearCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 12, 1758–1762Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/la00102a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (497 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Associations between Leukocyte Counts and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Apparently Healthy Japanese Men (2012)

Increased leukocyte counts, particularly white blood cell and neutrophil counts, are reportedly associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality in subjects with acute and moderate coronary diseases. However, few reports have determined the associations between leukocyte subset (i.e., white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils) counts and CVD risk factors. In this study, we examined the associations between leukocyte subset counts and CVD risk factors in apparently healthy Japanese men. We conducted a cross-sectional study of men who participated in health checkups, and selected those who were not being treated for metabolic diseases. We determined associations between leukocyte subset counts and CVD risk factors by multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Overall, 3,576 subjects aged 49.3±5.75 (range, 40-59) y were recruited. MLR and ANCOVA showed that white blood cell, neutrophil, monocyte counts are associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased C-reactive protein levels, the lymphocyte count is positively associated with lipid abnormalities (i.e., decreased HDL-C, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased triacylglycerol (TG)), and the basophil count is associated with increased TG and liver injury marker levels (i.e., alanine aminotransferase). Our results in this study demonstrated that leukocyte subset counts showed differential associations with CVD risk factors in apparently healthy Japanese men.
Versuche mit Triose‐Redukton (1955)

Abstract Das Triose‐Redukton OCH‐C(OH)CH(OH) verhält sich gegen aromatische primäre und sekundäre Amine als α‐Oxy‐malondialdehyd, indem es je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen Monoanile, Dianilbasen oder Dianilsalze bildet. Die Konstitution und die wechselseitigen Umwandlungen dieser “Anile” werden besprochen. In den “Anilen” läßt sich die noch vorhandene Oxygruppe acylieren und methylieren, wobei man die entsprechenden “Anile” der Acyloxy‐malondialdehyde bzw. des Methoxy‐malondialdehyds erhält. Durch Umsetzen des Methyläthers bzw. der Acyl‐Derivate des Triose‐Reduktons mit aromatischen Aminen und Mineralsäure zu Dianilsalzen wurde erwiesen, daß der mit Diazomethan erhaltene Monomethyläther ein Oxymethylenäther OCH–C(OH)CH–OCH 3 ist, während die aus Redukton‐natrium und Carbonsäurechloriden erhältlichen Acyl‐Derivate Acyloxy‐malondialdehyde sind. Die Farbreaktionen der untersuchten Verbindungen mit Eisen‐(III)‐chlorid bestätigen die Konstitutionen.
Fast Solid State Gas Sensor Characterization Technique (2006)

We describe a new technique for characterizing fast solid state planar gas sensors. Using a moving gas outlet, we are able to change the gas around the sensor from one component to the next within one millisecond in a step-like manner. By simultaneously sampling at 10kHz, 100Hz and 1Hz, we can capture the fast component of the sensor response as well as the steady state value in a single experiment. The rate of exchange of the gas around the sensor was quantified using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging. The sensor is characterized under standard industrial sensor operating conditions, including gas pressure and device temperature, while using flows typically found in a research laboratory. Since fast response times from planar gas sensors usually require elevated temperatures, we can heat the device to 630 /spl deg/C.
Developmental regulated expression of syndecan‐1 and glypican in pectoralis major muscle in turkeys with different growth rates (2004)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, syndecan‐1 and glypican, are low‐affinity receptors for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Since FGF2 stimulates skeletal muscle cell proliferation but inhibits differentiation, differences in syndecan‐1 and glypican expression might affect muscle development and growth by changing the intensity of FGF2 signaling. In the present study, the pectoralis major muscle from 14 to 24‐day‐old‐embryos, and from 1 to 16‐week‐old birds from a turkey line (F) selected for increased 16‐week bodyweight and its genetic control line (RBC2), were used to address how syndecan‐1 and glypican are expressed during skeletal muscle formation. The expression of syndecan‐1 and glypican was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For males, the F‐line embryos expressed more syndecan‐1 (days 14 and 16) and glypican (days 14 and 18) than the RBC2 line. Similar line differences for males were observed during posthatch development. The male embryos from both lines expressed more syndecan‐1 at days 18 through 22 and more glypican at days 20 and 22 than the corresponding females. The temporal and spatial distribution of syndecan‐1 and glypican was detected by in situ hybridization. Syndecan‐1 was identified in all muscle fibers at all embryonic stages studied, whereas the glypican was detected from embryonic day 18. The data from the current study provided new information about the expression of syndecan‐1 and glypican as it relates to skeletal muscle growth properties.
[The dermo-epidermal juncture. Recent aspects of pathophysiology]. (1993)

The dermo-epidermal junction anchors the epidermis with the dermis but separates simultaneously these two layers. The complex structure of this zone is important for the coherence of the skin and for resistance against shearing forces. Abnormalities of the zone that result form e.g. binding of immune deposits or genetic defects, can lead to dermo-epidermal splitting and blister formation. Recent morphologic, biochemical and molecular biological investigations have generated new information that allows faster and easier diagnosis of bullous diseases. Investigations of patients with hereditary blistering disorders have revealed some of the mechanisms that underlie the different forms of epidermolysis bullosa.
Nodal-related geneXnr5 is amplified in theXenopus genome (2006)

In Xenopus, six nodal-related genes (Xnrs) have been identified to date. We found numerous tandem duplications of Xnr5 in the Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis genomes that involve highly conserved copies of coding and regulatory regions. The duplicated versions of Xnr5 were expressed in both the superficial and deep layer of dorsal endoderm and in the deep layer of ventral endoderm, where the initial inducers of mesendoderm formation would be expected to be localized. Overexpression of secreted inhibitors of Xnrs led to a substantially enhanced transcription of the duplicated Xnr5 genes and Xnr6 in embryos. Therefore, Xnr5 and Xnr6 have a novel feedback loop to inhibit transcription of Xnr5 and Xnr6. These results suggest that the initialization of a strong Xnr5 and Xnr6 signal is enabled by the rapid transcription from multiple genes. The novel feedback loop may negatively regulate transcription of Xnr5s and Xnr6 to limit overproduction of these potent inducers, with the Xnr5/Xnr6 signal then activating positive (Xnrs) and negative (Xlefty) loops, which regulate the range of mesodermal tissues produced.
Single mutations toggle the substrate selectivity of multifunctional Camptotheca secologanic acid synthases (2022)

Terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) are plant-derived specialized metabolites with widespread use in medicine. Species-specific pathways derive various TIAs from common intermediates, strictosidine or strictosidinic acid, produced by coupling tryptamine with secologanin or secologanic acid. The penultimate reaction in this pathway is catalyzed by either secologanin synthase (SLS) or secologanic acid synthase (SLAS) according to whether plants produce secologanin from loganin or secologanic acid from loganic acid. Previous work has identified SLSs and SLASs from different species, but the determinants of selectivity remain unclear. Here, combining molecular modeling, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and biochemical methodologies, we identified key residues that toggle SLS and SLAS selectivity in two CYP72A (cytochrome P450) subfamily enzymes from Camptotheca acuminata. We found that the positions of foremost importance are in substrate recognition sequence 1 (SRS1), where mutations to either of two adjacent histidine residues switched selectivity; His131Phe selects for and increases secologanin production whereas His132Asp selects for secologanic acid production. Furthermore, a change in SRS3 in the predicted substrate entry channel (Arg/Lys270Thr) and another in SRS4 at the start of the I-helix (Ser324Glu) decreased enzyme activity toward either substrate. We propose that the Camptotheca SLASs have maintained the broadened activities found in a common asterid ancestor, even as the Camptotheca lineage lost its ability to produce loganin while the campanulid and lamiid lineages specialized to produce secologanin by acquiring mutations in SRS1. The identification here of the residues essential for the broad substrate scope of SLASs presents opportunities for more tailored heterologous production of TIAs.
On the Homogenization of Dense Planar Arrays of Scatterers (1999)

ABSTRACT Homogenization of thin composite layers (single-layer arrays of small scatterers) is considered. A simple approximation valid for high density of complex-shaped inclusions is proposed. The physics of the approximation is discussed on the base of an example of grids of parallel conducting wires.
Long-term survival of murine allogeneic bone marrow chimeras: effect of anti-lymphocyte serum and bone marrow dose. (1981)

Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and failure of donor stem cells to engraft permanently are two major obstacles to successful bone marrow transplantation. We evaluated the effect of a single large dose of anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) on mice receiving various numbers of H-2 incompatible bone marrow cells. Most animals receiving lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and allogeneic marrow died within 45 days due to GVHD, A/J (H-2a), CBA/J (H-2k), and DBA/1J (H-2q) mice that were given ALS 6 to 24 hr before TBI and C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) bone marrow 24 hr after irradiation survived in good health for more than 200 days. This result compared quite favorably with mice that received anti-Thy 1.2 and C-treated B6 bone marrow (90% survival at 100 days, 50% survival at 200 days). Engraftment of the allogeneic marrow was dose dependent. At 100 days after TBI, about 30% of the A/J mice given 2 x 10(6) bone marrow cells were complete chimeras, i.e., donor H-2 antigens could be detected on greater than 85% of the peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of these mice. However, at a dose of 1 x 10(7) B6 bone marrow cells, 95% of the A/J mice were complete chimeras. Spleen and bone marrow from B6 leads to A/J chimeras and B6 leads to CBA chimeras were unable to induce lethal GVHD in TBI-treated mice that were syngeneic to the recipient. However, these cell preparations caused lethal GVHD in third party mice indicating that the lack of alloreactivity was specific to the strain in which the unresponsiveness was originally induced.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of imipramine and desipramine in alcoholics and normal volunteers (1988)

Recently detoxified men with alcohol dependence (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 14) were administered oral and intravenous imipramine and desipramine. Alcoholics had significantly greater total body clearance of imipramine (0.93 vs. 0.48 L/hr/kg; P less than 0.05) and desipramine (1.00 vs. 0.62 L/hr/kg; P less than 0.05) than did control subjects. Intrinsic clearance of unbound imipramine was greater in the alcoholic group (19.80 vs. 6.56 L/hr/kg; P less than 0.05), as was the intrinsic clearance of unbound desipramine (14.52 vs. 9.05 L/hr/kg; P less than 0.05). The mean elimination half-life for imipramine was significantly decreased in alcoholics (8.7 vs. 19.9 hours after intravenous infusion and 10.9 vs. 19.6 hours after oral administration; P less than 0.05). The mean elimination half-life for desipramine was decreased in alcoholics after intravenous infusion (16.5 vs. 22.4 hours; P less than 0.05). Unbound fractions of drug in plasma were decreased in the alcoholic group for both imipramine and desipramine after both routes of administration. alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein levels were elevated in the alcoholic group whereas total protein and albumin levels did not differ between groups. These findings suggest that recently detoxified alcoholics may require higher doses of imipramine than do nonalcoholic subjects. Desipramine clearance was affected to a lesser degree than imipramine, suggesting that from a pharmacokinetic standpoint it may be the preferred drug for the treatment of alcoholics with depression. Periodic monitoring of plasma levels may be required for recently abstinent alcoholics treated with antidepressants.
Effect of Trisomy 21 on Long-term Gastrointestinal Outcomes in Duodenal Atresia (2022)

Abstract Purpose We aimed to determine if Trisomy 21 (T21) affected gastrointestinal outcomes for children with duodenal atresia (DA). Methods We identified children born with DA between 1991-2017. Cases were divided into DA with T21 and DA without T21. Ten healthy controls per case were included . Esophageal, ulcerative, obstructive and stomach complaints were assessed. Risk ratios (RR), rate ratios (RaR) and Cox models were constructed. Analyses were performed for cases versus controls, and for T21 cases versus non-T21 cases. Results DA cases totaled 52: 22 had T21 and 30 did not. There were 520 controls. DA cases had more gastrointestinal complaints than controls. T21 cases were at greater risk and frequency of esophageal disease than non-T21 cases (RR=4.08, p=0.002, RaR=69.8, p&lt;0.001). T21 and non-T21 cases were equally likely to present with obstruction (RR=0.91, p=1), but T21 cases complained of obstructive symptoms less (RaR=0.57, p=0.003). T21 and non-T21 cases had the same risk of stomach diseases, but T21 cases complained more frequently (RaR=6.20, p&lt;0.001). Cox models supported these observations. T21 did not affect ulcerative diseases. Conclusion DA cases had more gastrointestinal problems than controls. T21 increased esophageal and gastric complaints in DA cases but did not affect ulcerative and obstructive complaints.
Synthesis and properties of waterborne poly(urethane urea)s containing polydimethylsiloxane (2010)

Abstract To obtain flexible waterborne poly(urethane urea) (WBPU) coatings with functionalities such as shape recovery and water resistance, we synthesized a series of WBPUs by a prepolymer mixing process from hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyol, 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid, ethylenediamine, and triethylamine with polyol blends [hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a number‐average molecular weight of ≈ 550 and poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMG) with a number‐average molecular weight of 650] of different molar ratios. The effects of the PDMS content in PDMS/PTMG on the dynamic thermal and mechanical properties, hardness, tensile properties, water resistance (water absorption, contact angle, and surface energy), and shape‐memory properties of WBPU films were investigated. As the molar percentage of PDMS in WBPUs increased, the storage modulus, tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, hardness, and shape‐retention rate (30–15%) decreased; however, the water resistance and shape‐recovery rate (80–90%) increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Greater Than 95% Success with 14‐day Bismuth Quadruple Anti‐Helicobacter pylori Therapy: A Pilot Study in US Hispanics (2012)

This pilot study supports the concept that 14-day OBMT therapy is likely to be more efficacious for H. pylori eradication (Grade A, PP basis) than a 10-day course where metronidazole resistance is suspected. If confirmed, 14 days should be recommended in populations where metronidazole resistance is common.