gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypercoordinate Iodine Catalysts in Enantioselective Transformation: The Role of Catalyst Folding in Stereoselectivity (2017)

The need for metal-free environmentally benign catalysts has provided a strong impetus toward the emergence of hypercoordinate iodine reagents. At this stage of development, molecular insights on the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity are quite timely. In this study, the origin of stereoinduction in a class of iodoresorcinol-based chiral hypercoordinate iodine-catalyzed synthesis of biologically important spirocyclic bisoxindoles from aryl dianilides has been established by using density functional computations. Formation of an interesting helical fold by the 2,6-chiral amide arms on the resorcinol framework is found to be facilitated by a network of noncovalent interactions. In the chiral environment provided by the helical fold, enantioselectivity is surprisingly controlled in a mechanistic event prior to the ring closure to the final spirocyclic product, unlike that commonly found in spirocyclic ring formation. A vital 1,3-migration of the chiral aryl iodonium (Ar*-I(CF3COO)) in an O-iodonium enolate to the corresponding C-iodonium enolate, which retains the chiral memory, holds the key to the enantiocontrol in this reaction and thus renders ring closure to be stereospecific.
Commercialising University Research: Threats and Opportunities--The Oxford Model (2008)

This paper describes the strategies and tactics that Oxford University has developed over a ten-year period to address the conflicting demands of the traditional university responsibilities of teaching and research, with the so-called third stream needs of more direct economic development. The approach has been based on a clear policy definition of the ownership of Intellectual Property Rights, and the allocation of university resources to encourage, and support researchers in protect-ing and commercialising inventions. The result has been a marked increase in disclosures and successful commercial development, through licences, consultancy and spinout companies, generating returns to the researchers, uni-versity and regional economy. The increasing tide of publications reporting threats to academic freedom from commercialisa-tion and the generation of liabilities and any number of other dangers to universities, have led us to investigate the possibility of balancing the apparently conflicting objectives of maintaining a vibrant, curiosity-led research university whilst at the same time increasing its contribution to
Nonmutational compensation of the fitness cost of antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria by overexpression of tlyA rRNA methylase (2016)

Several studies over the last few decades have shown that antibiotic resistance mechanisms frequently confer a fitness cost and that these costs can be genetically ameliorated by intra- or extragenic second-site mutations, often without loss of resistance. Another, much less studied potential mechanism by which the fitness cost of antibiotic resistance could be reduced is via a regulatory response where the deleterious effect of the resistance mechanism is lowered by a physiological alteration that buffers the mutational effect. In mycobacteria, resistance to the clinically used tuberactinomycin antibiotic capreomycin involves loss-of-function mutations in rRNA methylase TlyA or point mutations in 16S rRNA (in particular the A1408G mutation). Both of these alterations result in resistance by reducing drug binding to the ribosome. Here we show that alterations of tlyA gene expression affect both antibiotic drug susceptibility and fitness cost of drug resistance. In particular, we demonstrate that the common resistance mutation A1408G is accompanied by a physiological change that involves increased expression of the tlyA gene. This gene encodes an enzyme that methylates neighboring 16S rRNA position C1409, and as a result of increased TlyA expression the fitness cost of the A1408G mutation is significantly reduced. Our findings suggest that in mycobacteria, a nonmutational mechanism (i.e., gene regulatory) can restore fitness to genetically resistant bacteria. Our results also point to a new and clinically relevant treatment strategy to combat evolution of resistance in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Thus, by utilizing antagonistic antibiotic interactions, resistance evolution could be reduced.
Elastocaloric effect of Ni-Ti wire for application in a cooling device (2015)

We report on the elastocaloric effect of a superelastic Ni-Ti wire to be used in a cooling device. Initially, each evaluated wire was subjected to 400 loading/unloading training cycles in order to stabilize its superelastic behavior. The wires were trained at different temperatures, which lead to different stabilized superelastic behaviors. The stabilized (trained) wires were further tested isothermally (at low strain-rate) and adiabatically (at high strain-rate) at different temperatures (from 312 K to 342 K). We studied the impact of the training temperature and resulting superelastic behavior on the adiabatic temperature changes. The largest measured adiabatic temperature change during loading was 25 K with a corresponding 21 K change during unloading (at 322 K). A special focus was put on the irreversibilities in the adiabatic temperature changes between loading and unloading. It was shown that there are two sources of the temperature irreversibilities: the hysteresis (and related entropy generation) and the temporary residual strain immediately after unloading, respectively. The latter results in the temporary bending of the wire and reduced negative adiabatic temperature change. The paper also shows the impact of the applied strain on the adiabatic temperature changes as well as the distribution of the elastocaloric effect over the wire during loading in the case of two wires trained at different temperatures and the virgin wire, respectively. In the end, we propose guidelines about the required material properties for an efficient elastocaloric cooling device.
PET - radiopharmaceutical facilities at Washington University Medical School - an overview (1994)

The PET program at Washington University has evolved over more than three decades of research and development in the use of positron-emitting isotopes in medicine and biology. In 1962 the installation of the first hospital cyclotron in the USA was accomplished. This first machine was an Allis Chalmers (AC) cyclotron and it was operated until July, 1990. Simultaneously with this cyclotron the authors also ran a Cyclotron Corporation (TCC) CS-15 cyclotron that was purchased in 1977. Both of these cyclotrons were maintained in-house and operated with a relatively small downtime (approximately 3.5%). After the dismantling of the AC machine in 1990, a Japanese Steel Works 16/8 (JSW-16/8) cyclotron was installed in the vault. Whereas the AC cyclotron could only accelerate deuterons (6.2 MeV), the JSW - 16/8 machine can accelerate both protons and deuterons, so all of the radiopharmaceuticals can be produced on either of the two presently owned accelerators. At the end of May 1993, the medical school installed the first clinical Tandem Cascade Accelerator (TCA) a collaboration with Science Research Laboratories (SRL) of Somerville, MA. Preliminary target testing, design and development are presently under way. In 1973, the University installed the first operational PETT device in the country, more » and at present there is a large basic science and clinical research program involving more than a hundred staff in nuclear medicine, radiation sciences, neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, cardiology, pulmonary medicine, oncology, and surgery. « less
BIOLOGIC RHYTHMS IN CLINICAL AND LABORATORY MEDICINE. (1996)

Yvan Touitou and Erhard Haus (eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992. No. of pages: xviii+730. Price: DM168. ISBN: 3-540-57592-8
Molecular Modeling of New Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes with Heteroalicyclic Dithiocarbamates. In Silico Models for Metal–Implant Coating within Living Systems (2006)

A huge variety of nano-objects, allowing specific reactions at well-defined positions can be generated using oxo-molybdenum compounds based building blocks and fragments. On the other side, the use of suphur-based interfaces as metal-based organic materials is a new area with many potential applications in medicine, particularly as implants. In that respect, as precursors for building new materials with pronounced characteristics five new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of the general formula [MoO2(Rdtc)2] have been used in the present work. Their predicted geometries optimized by the MO calculations are in excellent agreement with the reported crystal structure data, and therefore can be used as models for docking study between complexes and biomolecules. In silico screening for complex-protein interaction will be able to predict behavior of such materials implanted in living systems.
A Gemological Pioneer: Dr. Edward J. Gübelin (2005)

To those who are able to explore their secrets, precious stones relate a story as interesting as that of the huge pyramids erected by the Pharaohs at Memphis, and it would seem that their sublime internal spheres might best be called, "The Fingerprints of God."
OFDMA/TDD/MIMO System with Spatial Scheduling (2007)

In this paper, we propose OFDMA/TDD/MIMO system with spatial scheduling, showing frame structure and control procedures to achieve the proposed system. The frame structure includes all functions required for spatial scheduling in a subband of 200 kHz and in a frame time of 2.5 ms. We show that the frame structure can be a realistic solution to achieve spatial scheduling on subband basis. From the presented frame structure, about 60% of total radio resources are expected to be available for data symbol transmission. Furthermore, we estimate that data rate up to 570 Mbps can be supported on MAC layer for both uplink and downlink, under total bandwidth of 100 MHz.
Neuroimaging of histamine H1‐receptor occupancy in human brain by positron emission tomography (PET): A comparative study of ebastine, a second‐generation antihistamine, and (+)‐chlorpheniramine, a classical antihistamine (2001)

Ebastine (10 mg orally) causes brain histamine H1-receptor occupation of approximately 10%, consistent with its lower incidence of sedative effect, whereas (+)-chlorpheniramine occupied about 50% of brain H1-receptors even at a low but sedative dose of 2 mg; occupancy of (+)-chlorpheniramine was correlated with plasma (+)-chlorpheniramine concentration.
Parasitic Currents Caused by Different Ionic and Electronic Conductivities in Fuel Cell Anodes (2015)

The electrodes in fuel cells simultaneously realize electric and ionic conductivity. In the case of acidic polymer electrolytes, the electrodes are typically made of composites of carbon-supported catalyst and Nafion polymer electrolyte binder. In this study, the interaction of the proton conduction, the electron conduction, and the electrochemical hydrogen conversion in such composite electrode materials was examined. Exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere, these composites displayed up to 10-fold smaller resistivities for the proton conduction than that of Nafion membranes. This effect was ascribed to the simultaneously occurring electrochemical hydrogen oxidation and evolution inside the composite samples, which are driven by different proton and electron resistivities. The parasitic electrochemical currents resulting were postulated to occur in the anode of fuel cells with polymer, solid oxide, or liquid alkaline electrolytes, when the ohmic drop of the ion conduction in the anode is higher with the anodic kinetic overvoltage (as illustrated in the graphical abstract). In this case, the parasitic electrochemical currents increase the anodic kinetic overpotential and the ohmic drop in the anode. Thinner fuel cell anodes with smaller ohmic drops for the ion conduction may reduce the parasitic electrochemical currents.
Loop engineering of aryl sulfotransferase B for improving catalytic performance in regioselective sulfation (2020)

Loop engineering of aryl sulfotransferase B improves catalytic performance in regioselective sulfation.
Adenovirus-Mediated Intraarterial Delivery of PTEN Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia (2004)

PTEN overexpression potently inhibits neointimal hyperplasia through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of medial cell proliferation. These findings suggest that modulation of PTEN expression or activity may be a viable approach to treat neointimal hyperplasia. Phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase is a critical regulator of neointimal hyperplasia. The inositol 3-phosphatase PTEN modulates PI 3-kinase signaling by hydrolyzing the phospholipid products of PI 3-kinase, and overexpression of PTEN in vascular smooth muscle cells inhibits the cellular processes necessary for neointimal hyperplasia. The effects of adenovirus-mediated PTEN (AdPTEN) overexpression on neointimal hyperplasia were tested in the rat carotid injury model. Compared with control arteries, AdPTEN treatment significantly reduced neointimal area and percent stenosis by enhancing medial cell apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of the remaining viable cells. Thus, PTEN provides a new target for the treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
Abstract 12389: Epigenome-Wide Study Identifies Novel Methylation Loci Associated With Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference (2014)

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are complex heritable traits with direct implications for human health. An emerging body of evidence links epigenetic processes such...
Ocular Syphilis: Classic Manifestations and Recent Observations (1993)

(1993). Ocular Syphilis: Classic Manifestations and Recent Observations. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 53-60.
Bulk GaN flip-chip violet light-emitting diodes with optimized efficiency for high-power operation (2015)

We report on violet-emitting III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on bulk GaN substrates employing a flip-chip architecture. Device performance is optimized for operation at high current density and high temperature, by specific design consideration for the epitaxial layers, extraction efficiency, and electrical injection. The power conversion efficiency reaches a peak value of 84% at 85 °C and remains high at high current density, owing to low current-induced droop and low series resistance.
The effect of shear forces externally applied to skin surface on underlying tissues (1993)

The effects of shear forces externally applied to the skin surface on the underlying tissues have been investigated. An analysis of the internal stresses and strains was conducted using a simplified model incorporating elasticity theory. Skin blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry while variable shear forces over a range of 0-250 g were applied to the skin surface. The theoretical model predicts that the application of surface shear forces alters the internal stress distribution and makes the shear and compressive components of stresses increase ahead of the surface force application point. The force resulting from concomitant application of shear and normal force determines the internal maximum stress and strain. Theoretically, the shear force should have the same effects on the underlying tissues as normal force. The experimental investigations revealed that the skin blood flow decreased roughly linearly with the increase of shear forces. When a shear force equal to the normal force was applied, the flux decreased by 45%, nearly equal to the increasing magnitude (41%) of resultant of normal and shear forces.
Carbon Surfaces and Carbon Film Morphology Studied by Emission Electron Microscopy (1990)

Carbon is a pervasive contaminant on technologically important surfaces, and has long been of interest in surface science and microscopy. Recent advances in the production of high density carbon films and synthetic diamond films [1,2] have focused attention on the nucleation and growth of carbon on refractory metal substrates, semiconductors and other phases of carbon itself. Some of the issues involved are the role of carbides in promoting diamond nucleation and the specifics of graphite removal from the film through reactive sputtering or conversion to more dense phases (by as yet not understood processes). Emission microscopy, in particular photo- and thermal emission microscopy, is especially suited to the study of carbon film nucleation and growth. Carbides are easily observed. [3] Because several carbon phases have differing work functions, they may be selectively imaged by variation of the incident light wavelength, and thus the photoemission threshold, providing information on film composition in the image. Figures 1 and 2 show a Pt(100) surface covered with CO, atomic carbon and some graphitic areas, imaged with a microscope similar to the one in [3] using an HBO 100 lamp. [4] In figure 2 a 280 nm edge filter was placed in front of the lamp, so that only the graphitic areas (work function below 4.4 eV) are visible. Due to the image contrast in photoemission from differing materials, decoration of steps and defects by carbon is visible. In figure 3 step bunch edges on the Pt(100) surface have been decorated with carbon from the decomposition of ethylene; figure 4 shows another area of the surface where the terraces are carbon coated, and the step edges are “clean.” The slip trace features suggest that the dark lines are mono-atomic steps.[5]
Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Chile Provides Insights into Possible Transmission between Gulls, Poultry, and Humans (2016)

This study highlights the importance of gulls in the spread of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chile. We revealed a close genetic relationship between some human and gull S Enteritidis strains (with as few as 2 of 4,065 genes being different), and we also found that gull strains were present in clusters formed by strains isolated from other sources or distant locations. Together with previously published evidence, this suggests that gulls might be spreading this pathogen between different regions in Chile and that some of those strains have been transmitted to humans. Moreover, we discovered that Chilean S Enteritidis strains clustered separately from most of S Enteritidis strains isolated throughout the world (in the GenBank database) and thus it might be possible to distinguish the geographical origins of strains based on specific genomic features. This could be useful for trace-back investigations of foodborne illnesses throughout the world.
In vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of 5‐FU combined with piplartine and piperine (2007)

It has been reported that piplartine and piperine, alkaloid/amide compounds from Piper species, show antitumor activities. In the present paper, the effects of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with piplartine or piperine was determined using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Hematological and biochemical analyses, as well as histopathological and morphological analyses of the tumor and the organs, including liver, spleen and kidney, were performed in order to evaluate the toxicological aspects associated with different treatments. The incubation of tumor cell lines with 5-FU in the presence of piplartine or piperine produced an increase in growth inhibition, as observed by lower IC50 values for 5-FU. These effects were also observed in vivo, where the combination with piplartine but not piperine with 5-FU led to a higher tumor growth inhibition. The results indicated that either piplartine- or 5-FU-treated animals showed a low inhibition rate when they were used individually at low doses of 28.67% and 47.71%, respectively, but when they were combined at the same dose, the inhibition rate increased significantly to 68.04%. The histopathological analysis showed that the livers and the kidneys of treated animals were only slightly and reversibly affected. Neither the enzymatic activity of transaminases nor the urea levels were significantly modified when compared with the control group. Hematological analysis showed leukopenia after 5-FU treatment, which was reversed by the combined use of piplartine and piperine. These findings indicate that piplartine may enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, and moreover, this combination could improve immunocompetence hampered by 5-FU.
Central catecholamine depletion, vasopressin, and blood pressure in the DOCA/NaCl rat (1983)

To determine whether impaired arginine vasopressin (AVP) release occurs when DOCA-NaCl hypertension is prevented following chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with intraventricular injections of 6-OHDA (250 micrograms X 2) or Merlis solution received deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) implants (100 mg/kg) and drank 0.5% saline. Systolic blood pressure in the 6-OHDA-treated DOCA/NaCl group (139 +/- 4 mmHg) was lower (P less than 0.001) than in the Merlis-DOCA/NaCl group (183 +/- 7 mmHg). 6-OHDA treatment produced widespread catecholamine depletion throughout the central nervous system, including the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the cells of which are known to produce AVP, but hypothalamic, pituitary, and plasma AVP levels were similar in both experimental groups, the latter values averaging 1.5-2 times those of controls. Both groups of rats suppressed AVP secretion appropriately when water loaded. Such suppression, however, had no effect on blood pressure in the hypertensive animals and, furthermore, administration of the AVP antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP produced small decrements in mean blood pressure of both groups that were not significantly different from responses seen in control normotensive rats. These data demonstrate that 6-OHDA does not prevent DOCA-NaCl hypertension by decreasing AVP levels and suggest that AVP is not necessary for the maintenance of hypertension in this model.
Automated and Agile Server Parameter Tuning with Learning and Control (2012)

Server parameter tuning in virtualized data centers is crucial to performance and availability of hosted Internet applications. It is challenging due to high dynamics and burstiness of workloads, multi-tier service architecture, and virtualized server infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate automated and agile server parameter tuning for maximizing effective throughput of multi-tier Internet applications. A recent study proposed a reinforcement learning based server parameter tuning approach for minimizing average response time of multi-tier applications. Reinforcement learning is a decision making process determining the parameter tuning direction based on trial-and-error, instead of quantitative values for agile parameter tuning. It relies on a predefined adjustment value for each tuning action. However it is nontrivial or even infeasible to find an optimal value under highly dynamic and bursty workloads. We design a neural fuzzy control based approach that combines the strengths of fast online learning and self-adaptive ness of neural networks and fuzzy control. Due to the model independence, it is robust to highly dynamic and bursty workloads. It is agile in server parameter tuning due to its quantitative control outputs. We implement the new approach on a test bed of virtualized HP Pro Liant blade servers hosting RUBiS benchmark applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the new approach significantly outperforms the reinforcement learning based approach for both improving effective system throughput and minimizing average response time.
SIMULTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN AQUEOUS SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS (1972)

Simultaneous absorption of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions was studied, and theoretical equations for the rate of absorption were derived. Experimental results were in good agreement with theory. Selectivity for hydrogen sulphide is also discussed.