gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Metalloprotease Disintegrin ADAM12 in Determination of Quiescent Reserve Cells during Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro (2003)

Skeletal myoblasts grown in vitro and induced to differentiate either form differentiated multinucleated myotubes or give rise to quiescent, undifferentiated "reserve cells" that share several characteristics with muscle satellite cells. The mechanism of determination of reserve cells is poorly understood. We find that the expression level of the metalloprotease disintegrin ADAM12 is much higher in proliferating C2C12 myoblasts and in reserve cells than in myotubes. Inhibition of ADAM12 expression in differentiating C2C12 cultures by small interfering RNA is accompanied by lower expression levels of both quiescence markers (retinoblastoma-related protein p130 and cell cycle inhibitor p27) and differentiation markers (myogenin and integrin alpha7A isoform). Overexpression of ADAM12 in C2C12 cells under conditions that promote cell cycle progression leads to upregulation of p130 and p27, cell cycle arrest, and downregulation of MyoD. Thus, enhanced expression of ADAM12 induces a quiescence-like phenotype and does not stimulate differentiation. We also show that the region extending from the disintegrin to the transmembrane domain of ADAM12 and containing cell adhesion activity as well as the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM12 are required for ADAM12-mediated cell cycle arrest, while the metalloprotease domain is not essential. Our results suggest that ADAM12-mediated adhesion and/or signaling may play a role in determination of the pool of reserve cells during myoblast differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Minalemines A—F: Sulfamic Acid Peptide Guanidine Derivatives Isolated from the Marine Tunicate Didemnun rodriguesi. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of optical torque exerted on optical rotators in a single-beam gradient-force optical trap (1998)

A laser beam can be used to rotate objects with artificial non-symmetrical structures(1). In this paper we present numerical results for optical torque exerted on the star- and cross-type rotators. We assumed the objects are subjected to a strongly focused fundamental TEMoo Gaussian laser beam. The optical force resulting from reflection and refraction at the surface of the objects was calculated using the ray-optics model. We studied star- and cross-type rotators (polyimide, n2=1.525) suspended in liquid (ethanol, n1=1.363). From the experimental and the numerical results, we quantified the damping factor and the static frictional torque of the rotators.
Design of Low-Voltage Highly Linear Switched-R-MOSFET-C Filters (2008)

Abstract—This paper discusses the design, analysis and performance of a low-voltage, highly linear switched-R-MOSFET-C filter. High linearity, even at a low supply voltage, is achieved through the use of duty-cycle-controlled tuning. Tuning MOS-FETs are switched completely on while conducting, such that their nonlinear resistance is much smaller than the linear filter resistors, resulting in low distortion. The MOSFETs are also placed inside the filter feedback loop which further reduces distortion. Because tuning is done in the time domain, rather than in the voltage domain, the tuning range is independent of the supply voltage. The filter achieves 77 dB total harmonic distortion (THD) using a 0.6-V supply, and 90 dB THD using a 0.8-V supply, with a 0.6-Vpp differential 2 kHz sine input. The prototype IC, implemented in a 0.18- m CMOS process, occupies an area of 0.7 mmP and consumes 1 mW of power from a 0.6-V supply. Index Terms—Duty cycle control, linear, low voltage, master– slave tuning, pulse width modulation, R-MOSFET-C, switched filters, tunable filters.
Immunological Phenotype of Lymphomas Induced by Avian Leukosis Viruses (1983)

The production of immunoglobulin by six cell lines derived from bursal tumors induced by avian leukosis virus follows two general patterns: (i) three cell lines that have been extensively passaged in culture synthesize and secrete light chains only; (ii) three cell lines that are recently isolated produce and secrete monomeric immunoglobulin M in addition to free light chains. All six cell lines synthesize and secrete both glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of light chain. We conclude that the cell lines established from lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus represent relatively mature, but possibly abnormal, stages in the development of chicken B-lymphocytes. The immunoglobulin M produced by the cell lines failed to form detectable immune complexes with avian leukosis virus. It therefore appears that the immunoglobulin M is not directed against viral antigens and that autogenous antigenic stimulus cannot account for the sustained growth of the neoplastic B-lymphocytes.
Simultaneous detection of celiac disease-specific IgA antibodies and total IgA (2016)

The novel multiplex CytoBead CeliAK enables simultaneous CD-specific autoAb and IgA deficiency analyses comparable with classical testing by single-parameter assays. Thus, comprehensive CD serology by CytoBead can alleviate the workload in routine laboratories.
Phosphorylation of p40-phox during activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase (1999)

NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-producing enzyme in phagocytic cells, consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and cytosolic components (p47-phox, p67-phox, p40-phox, rac 1/2). Activation of NADPH oxidase is accompanied by the phosphorylation of cytosolic components (p47-phox and p67-phox). In this study, we have examined whether p40-phox, a newly identified cytosolic component, is phosphorylated during neutrophil activation, and the relationship between p40-phox phosphorylation and NADPH oxidase activation. When 32P-labeled guinea pig neutrophils were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, p40-phox was phosphorylated as p47-phox. It is interesting that phosphorylation of p40-phox was markedly inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, but not by casein kinase II inhibitor, A-3, and H-7 inhibited translocation of p40-phox and activation of NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, purified protein kinase C but not casein kinase II directly phosphorylated p40-phox of p40-phox/p47-phox/p67-phox complex. Together these observations suggest that p40-phox is phosphorylated by protein kinase C during neutrophil activation, and phosphorylation of p40-phox may be important for the activation of NADPH oxidase.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthesis of Protected Isostatine from Achiral Precursors Using the Asymmetric Chelate Claisen Rearrangement. (2010)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Dietary Supplementation with Leucine and Antioxidants Is Capable to Accelerate Muscle Mass Recovery after Immobilization in Adult Rats (2013)

Prolonged inactivity induces muscle loss due to an activation of proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis; the latter is also involved in the recovery of muscle mass. The aim of the present work was to explore the evolution of muscle mass and protein metabolism during immobilization and recovery and assess the effect of a nutritional strategy for counteracting muscle loss and facilitating recovery. Adult rats (6-8 months) were subjected to unilateral hindlimb casting for 8 days (I0-I8) and then permitted to recover for 10 to 40 days (R10-R40). They were fed a Control or Experimental diet supplemented with antioxidants/polyphenols (AOX) (I0 to I8), AOX and leucine (AOX + LEU) (I8 to R15) and LEU alone (R15 to R40). Muscle mass, absolute protein synthesis rate and proteasome activities were measured in gastrocnemius muscle in casted and non-casted legs in post prandial (PP) and post absorptive (PA) states at each time point. Immobilized gastrocnemius protein content was similarly reduced (-37%) in both diets compared to the non-casted leg. Muscle mass recovery was accelerated by the AOX and LEU supplementation (+6% AOX+LEU vs. Control, P<0.05 at R40) due to a higher protein synthesis both in PA and PP states (+23% and 31% respectively, Experimental vs. Control diets, P<0.05, R40) without difference in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities between diets. Thus, this nutritional supplementation accelerated the recovery of muscle mass via a stimulation of protein synthesis throughout the entire day (in the PP and PA states) and could be a promising strategy to be tested during recovery from bed rest in humans.
Cup-drawing from a Flat Blank: Part I. Experimental Investigation (1951)

Part I gives an account of an experimental investigation of the forces, work and strains involved, and the conditions for successful drawing of a cylindrical shell from a flat circular blank. It is claimed that the results are sufficiently accurate to provide a basis of reference for theoretical treatments of cup-drawing, as well as an empirical basis of comparison between different drawing conditions. The work was carried out in an experimental crank-press of 50 tons nominal capacity, and was based on a cup diameter of 4 inches. Blank thicknesses from 0·025 to 0·060 inch were used, and although most of the work was carried out on a low-carbon rimming steel, comparative tests were made with aluminium, brass, and copper, of different tempers. The conditions examined included methods of blank-holding, drawing ratio, punch and die profile radii, punch-die clearance, and blank thickness. Although this part has no theoretical pretensions, it includes a descriptive account of stresses and strains in the deep-drawing process, based on plastic theory.
On the Vibration of Trapezoidal Plate Clamped Along Each Edge with Damping Considered (1961)

Abstract The problem of free vibration of on trapezoidal plate fixed along each edge and having internal viscous damping is formulated and solved by means of generalized Galerkin's method. The fundamental natural frequencies are numerically calculated and presented in tabular form for various values of the dimension ratios b/a and H/a. The results of the analysis show that for a fixed ration b/a the fundamental frequency decreases with an increase in the ratio b/a. A rapid decrease in frequency occurs as the plate becomes rectangular.
Optical Attoclock using Terahertz Radiation (2019)

Dynamics of optical tunneling is one of the central topics of attosecond science. The most prominent method to access attosecond-long delays in course of electron ionization is known as attoclock [1,2]. In the attoclock procedure, electrons ionized by a nearly-circularly polarized optical field are detected by a remote detector. The electric field of the driver pulse plays a role of a clock hand rotating with the optical frequency. Ionization delays lead to an angular shift of the electronic distribution at the detector. However, to access ionization dynamics one needs to "unwind" the electron path from the detector back to the core [3], making the physical insight rather cumbersome.
An Investigation of Systematic Location Errors of Microseismic Events (2011)

Summary This research focuses on the calculation of the systematic errors in hypocenter location by comparing travel time values from wave fields in heterogeneous and homogeneous media. Borehole logs from Sudbury, have been used in a ray algorithm to produce travel time values. The computed travel times were used to calculate the systematic errors in hypocenter location. It is observed that the heterogeneity of the elastic velocity parameters and the distribution of sensors are significant contributions to systematic error in location. The calculations vary with position of the receivers.
Far from obvious: the semantics of locative indefinites (2015)

Simple locative sentences show a variety of pseudo-quantificational interpretations. Some locatives give the impression of universal quantification over parts of objects, others involve existential quantification, and yet others cannot be characterized by either of these quantificational terms. This behavior is explained by virtually all semantic theories of locatives. What has not been previously observed is that similar quantificational variability is also exhibited by locative sentences containing indefinites with the ‘a’ article. This phenomenon is especially problematic for traditional existential treatments of indefinites. We propose a solution where indefinites denote properties and are assigned locations similarly to other spatial descriptions. This Property-Eigenspace Hypothesis accounts for the correlation between the interpretations of locative indefinites and the pseudo-quantificational effects with simple entity-denoting NPs. Thereby, the proposal opens up a new empirical domain for property-based theories of indefinites, with implications for the analysis of collective descriptions, generics, negative polarity items and part–whole structure.
In Situ Time-Resolved Energy-Dispersive XAFS Study on Photodeposition of Rh Particles on a TiO2 Photocatalyst (2008)

It is the first report to observe the real-time behavior of photodeposition and the continuous structural change of Rh metal particles anchored on a TiO2 photocatalyst from an aqueous solution of Rh trivalent ions in the liquid—solid suspension by an in situ time-resolved energy-dispersive X-ray absorption fine structure (DXAFS) analysis. The DXAFS analysis uncovered that the Rh trivalent ions are adsorbed on the surface of the TiO2 photocatalyst, followed by reducing to the Rh metal particles by acceptance of electrons because the coordination number of a Rh—Rh bond evaluated by the Fourier transforms of EXAFS spectra and the amount of the Rh trivalent ions determined by the ICP analysis linearly increased and decreased with elongation of photoirradiation time, respectively. The generation rates of the Rh metal particles and the diminution rates of the Rh trivalent ions depended on the type of sacrificial reagents and tends to become slower in the order corresponding to methanol > ethanol ≫ 1-propanol >2-propanol. The coordination number of a Rh—Rh bond stopped increasing after 90 min of photoirradiation in the case of methanol. The coordination number was evaluated to 10, although that of Rh foil is 12, suggesting the generation of Ultrafine Rh particles on TiO2.
The formulation of the RANS equations for supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows (2020)

Abstract Accurate prediction of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows is essential to the design of high-speed aerospace vehicles. Such flows are mainly predicted using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach in general, and in particular turbulence models using the effective viscosity approximation. Several terms involving the turbulent kinetic energy ( k ) appear explicitly in the RANS equations through the modelling of the Reynolds stresses in such approach, and similar terms appear in the mean total energy equation. Some of these terms are often ignored in low, or even supersonic, speed simulations with zero-equation models, as well as some one- or two-equation models. The omission of these terms may not be appropriate under hypersonic conditions. Nevertheless, this is a widespread practice, even for very high-speed turbulent flow simulations, because many software packages still make such approximations. To quantify the impact of ignoring these terms in the RANS equations, two linear two-equation models and one non-linear two-equation model are applied to the computation of five supersonic and hypersonic benchmark cases, one 2D zero-pressure gradient hypersonic flat plate case and four shock wave boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) cases. The surface friction coefficients and velocity profiles predicted with different combinations of the turbulent kinetic energy terms present in the transport equations show little sensitivity to the presence of these terms in the zero-pressure gradient case. In the SWBLI cases, however, comparisons show that inclusion of k in the mean flow equations can have a strong effect on the prediction of flow separation. Therefore, it is highly recommended to include all the turbulent kinetic energy terms in the mean flow equations when dealing with simulations of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows, especially for flows with SWBLIs. As a further consequence, since k may not be obtained explicitly in zero-equation, or certain one-equation, models, it is debatable whether these models are suitable for simulations of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows with SWBLIs.
Densely charged polyelectrolyte-stuffed nanochannel arrays for power generation from salinity gradient (2016)

We devised anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) frame-supported polyelectrolytic ion-exchange membranes for the application of electrical power generation systems where salinity differences are present. A series of polyelectrolytic AAO membranes (PAMs) were fabricated as a function of concentration of monomers and cross-linkers. Of the ion-selective PAMs as made, the membranes from the most concentrated monomers and cross-linkers, C-PAM100 and A-PAM100, showed the highest area resistances and permselectivities (the resistances were 4.9 and 2.9 Ω · cm(2), the permseletivities for C-PAM100 and A-PAM100 were 99 and 89%, respectively). The measured resistances and permselectivities allowed the power density to be estimated for C-PAM100 and A-PAM100, 3.5 W/m(2), and experimentally obtained power density using a reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack was 17.3 mW/m(2). In addition, we investigated the influence of an AAO framework on a membrane resistance by comparing the PAMs with polyelectrolyte-stuffed capillaries, revealing that the resistance of the PAM has plenty of potential to be further reduced by optimizing the AAO pore spaces.
Rationale and Methods for the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network (2002)

Our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) transmission dynamics has been refined by genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network was designed and implemented to systematically evaluate the role of genotyping technology in improving TB prevention and control activities. Genotyping proved a useful adjunct to investigations of outbreaks, unusual clusters, and laboratory cross-contamination.
Studies on lipoprotein lipases from microorganisms. I. Production of lipoprotein lipase and lipase by Rhizopus japonicu. (1979)

The distribution of lipoprotein lipase activity in microorganisms was examined. Rhizopus japonicus KY 521 showed the highest activity of lipoprotein lipase in the culture fluid among microorganisms tested. Lipase was also excreted in addition to lipoprotein lipase by this organism. The effect of cultural conditions on the extracellular production of the two lipases by this organism was investigated. The addition of phospholipid such as lecithin brought about a remarkable increase in the extracellular production of both lipases. It was found that lecithin did not increase significantly the net synthesis of the enzyme, but accelerated the secretion of the enzyme formed in the mycelium into the culture medium.
Favorable Remodeling Enhances Recovery of Regional Myocardial Function in the Weeks After Infarction in Ischemically Preconditioned Hearts (2000)

The progressive improvement in preconditioned hearts is most consistent with favorable remodeling in the ischemic zone, which the preconditioning process seems to accentuate.
Fingerprint Verification Based on Multistage Minutiae Matching (2006)

This paper proposes a novel and distortion-tolerant fingerprint verification technique based on multistage minutia matching. In the first stage, the local similarities of minutiae between two fingerprints are evaluated by matching their local orientation fields and local minutiae topologic structures. In the second stage, the top 5 minutia pairs obtained in the first matching stage are used as the reference minutiae pairs to align two minutia sets, and a set of matched minutia pairs is obtained by matching the aligned two minutia sets. In the third stage, the set of matched pairs obtained in the second stage are matched again by matching two global topologic structures constructed based on the set of matched pairs. The final matching score is obtained based on the set of matched pairs obtained in the second matching stage and the separate matching scores calculated in three stages. Experiments on database of FVC2002 show that this fingerprint matching technique is effective.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Relaxivity of Two Linear Gd(DTPA)−Polymer Conjugates (2001)

Two linear polyamide conjugates of Gd(DTPA)2- were synthesized and characterized by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). DTPA was copolymerized with two different diamines, 1,6-hexanediamine and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine, yielding the polymers DTPA-HMD and DTPA-CHD, with low polydispersity. Their molecular flexibility in solution was studied using 13C spin-lattice relaxation time measurements, indicating that the cyclohexanediamine linking moiety of the DTPA-HMD polymer is more rigid than that of DTPA-CHD. The influence of the flexibility of the linking functionalities on the relaxivity of the Gd3+-DTPA-polymer conjugates was studied by water nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD). The relaxivity of the Gd(DTPA-CHD) polymer was only slightly higher than that of the Gd(DTPA-HMD) polymer, and only two times higher than the usual values for small Gd-DTPA-like chelates. The low relaxivities obtained for both polymers, much lower than expected from the polymer apparent molecular weights, result from their substantial residual flexibility, and also from a too long, nonoptimal, value of the inner-sphere water exchange rate. These polymeric compounds are also cleared very quickly from the blood of rats, indicating that they are of limited value as blood pool contrast agents for MRA.
HEvaS: Headline Evaluation System (2018)

Automatic headline generation is a sub-task of oneline summarization with many reported applications. Evaluation of systems generating headlines is a very challenging and undeveloped area. In this paper, we introduce a system that performs automatic evaluation of systems in terms of a quality of the generated headlines. The evaluation is performed using multiple metrics for comparing evaluated headlines with the gold standard ones or measuring their coverage of main document topics. Both types of metrics evaluate headline's content and informativeness, but not grammatical structure. The only input required by our system is a set of documents with gold standard and automatically generated headlines. The Headline Evaluation System (HEvaS) provides a user with a choice from multiple (10) metrics, then calculates the chosen metrics, performs statistical analysis of the evaluated systems and visualizes the results. Multiple headline generation systems can be evaluated at the same run. This paper describes all evaluation metrics and architecture, utilized by our system. As an evaluation of the HEvaS, we perform a case study with a couple of baseline systems and report the results. Although we tested the system on English content only, the multilingual content can also be supported.