gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and regulatory mutations allowing utilization of citrulline or carbamoylaspartate as a source of carbamoylphosphate in Escherichia coli K-12 (1976)

Escherichia coli mutants lacking carbamoylphosphate synthase require arginine and uracil for growth. It is, however, possible to obtain mutants in which carbamoylphosphate is obtained by phosphorolysis of citrulline or carbamyolaspartate. Citrulline utilizers are argG bradytrophs or strains in which the synthesis of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (either of the F or I type) is specifically depressed by unstable chromosomal rearrangements or stable mutations that presumably affect the operators of those genes. Carbamoylaspartate utilization as a source of carbamoylphosphate appears to require more than one mutation; the best-understood strains are pyrD pyrH or pyrC pyrH mutants in which aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity is high and the pool of cytidine triphosphate (feedback inhibitor of aspartate carbamoyl-transferase) is presumably low and in which channeling of carbamoylaspartate towards pyrimidine biosynthesis is considerably reduced. Selection of enzyme overproducers based on a metabolic dependency for a reversed enzymatic reaction can be regarded as a means for isolating regulatory mutants.
Reliability and Validity of Compass Software for Access Assessment (2007)

Compass software includes a variety of skill tests to assess users' computer usage abilities. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Compass tests, including test-retest reliability, intra-test reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity. 15 experienced computer users with physical impairments participated. Overall, the results confirm that Compass can be validly used as a computer access assessment tool. technology BACKGROUND Compass is a software tool for professionals who provide services in computer access and augmentative communication. The software measures user performance in skills needed for computer interaction, such as keyboard and mouse use, navigating through menus, and scanning. Appropriate use of Compass helps a clinician to: • diagnose difficulties with an existing interface; • evaluate and compare the expected performance of potential access systems; • plan training interventions; • track changes in an client's abilities over time; and • measure the effectiveness of an intervention. The current version of Compass includes eight skill tests in three input device domains. During a test run, the speed and accuracy of user actions are recorded. Compass reports summarize results for each test and provide trial-by-trial detail if desired. Compass has undergone extensive usability testing, demonstrating its ease-of-use (1), as well as testing to confirm the accuracy of its timing and accuracy measurements (2). In this study, we examined some key psychometric properties of the Compass skill tests, in order to help clinicians use Compass more effectively and to reveal any areas in which test revisions should be made. A similar study performed on another assessment instrument (the Assessment of Computer Task Performance) helped guide our choice of methods for this work (3). Research Goals In order to better understand the measurement properties of the Compass assessment skill tests, we pursued four specific objectives. 1. Measure Test-Retest Reliability for individual Compass skill tests. This represents how consistent user scores are on successive administrations of a skill test. This would help clinicians better interpret data from successive Compass tests, because they would understand how much variation to expect from sequential order effects.
Crystal Structures Combined with Molecular Dynamics Reveal Altered Flow of Water in the Active Site of W60C Chromobacterium violaceum ω-Amino Transaminase (2020)

Crystal Structures Combined with Molecular Dynamics Reveal Altered Flow of Water in the Active Site of W60C Chromobacterium violaceum ω-Amino Transaminase
Ultra-short pulse laser acceleration of protons to 80 MeV from cryogenic hydrogen jets tailored to near-critical density (2023)

Laser plasma-based particle accelerators attract great interest in fields where conventional accelerators reach limits based on size, cost or beam parameters. Despite the fact that particle in cell simulations have predicted several advantageous ion acceleration schemes, laser accelerators have not yet reached their full potential in producing simultaneous high-radiation doses at high particle energies. The most stringent limitation is the lack of a suitable high-repetition rate target that also provides a high degree of control of the plasma conditions required to access these advanced regimes. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of petawatt-class laser pulses with a pre-formed micrometer-sized cryogenic hydrogen jet plasma overcomes these limitations enabling tailored density scans from the solid to the underdense regime. Our proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that the near-critical plasma density profile produces proton energies of up to 80 MeV. Based on hydrodynamic and three-dimensional particle in cell simulations, transition between different acceleration schemes are shown, suggesting enhanced proton acceleration at the relativistic transparency front for the optimal case.
Molecular genetic characterization of alternatively spliced CD44 transcripts in human stomach carcinoma (1997)

CD44 is a member of cell surface glycoproteins which are involved in cell-matrix adhesion and tumor metastasis. Certain types of tumors express complex CD44 isoforms generated by alternative splicing of 2v-10v exons, and their expression appears to promote metastasis of tumor cells. Using a nested RT-PCR, we analyzed expression of CD44 variants in 26 stomach carcinoma, 21 matched normal tissues, and 2 carcinoma cell lines. We observed frequent and complex patterns of CD44 variant expression in tumor tissues. While exons 6v and 7v expression was detected in most normal and tumor tissues, exon 9v was most rarely detected. Exon 5v showed a significantly frequent expression in carcinoma, suggesting that its expression might contribute to the malignant progression. While exon 9v was frequently observed in diffuse-type tumors, the other 8 variant exons including 6v showed more frequent expression in intestinal-type tumors. Exons 9v and 10v were predominantly expressed in advanced tumor tissues and exon 8v was expressed more frequently in tumors of lymph node metastasis. We believe that series with a longer follow-up now need to be tested to clarify the association between CD44 splice variant expression and distant metastasis or long-term prognosis.
Approach to the Patient with Gynecomastia (2011)

Gynecomastia is a common and sometimes distressing condition that may occur in males of all ages. Although most cases have benign causes and many are self-limited, male breast enlargement may also be a sign of underlying systemic disease or drug toxicity. Although rare, male breast cancer must also be considered in the differential diagnosis. A careful diagnostic evaluation should be pursued, tailored to the individual patient's circumstances. Treatment may include reassurance, medication, or surgery.
A New Second Messenger: Bacterial c-di-AMP (2016)

Nucleotide-based second messengers transduce signals originating from both outside and inside the cell to adaptive responses accordingly. c-di-AMP is a newly established second messenger employed by many organisms. We summarize recent advances in bacterial c-di-AMP-mediated signaling, especially the interaction between c-di-AMP signaling and the host.
Evaluating the Use of Circulating MicroRNA Profiles for Lung Cancer Detection in Symptomatic Patients (2020)

The findings of the study suggest that the identified patterns of miRNAs may be used as a component of a minimally invasive lung cancer test, complementing imaging, sputum cytology, and biopsy tests.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6, Table 1 from Sirtuin 1 Is Upregulated in a Subset of Hepatocellular Carcinomas where It Is Essential for Telomere Maintenance and Tumor Cell Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-6, Table 1 from Sirtuin 1 Is Upregulated in a Subset of Hepatocellular Carcinomas where It Is Essential for Telomere Maintenance and Tumor Cell Growth
Switches in cardiac muscle gene expression as a result of pressure and volume overload (1992)

In the mammalian heart, the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for contraction, relaxation, and endocrine function changes in hypertrophy resulting from hemodynamic overload. Different mechanisms are involved in this mechanogenic transduction, including 1) differential expression of myosin and actin multigene families, which may account for the decreased velocity of contractile element shortening in hypertrophied heart, 2) nonactivation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase gene, which may explain the increased duration of isometric relaxation, and finally 3) activation in the ventricle of the atrial natriuretic factor gene that is responsible in part for the high plasma levels of this peptide. It is increasingly apparent that these changes are independently regulated, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying this regulation. Preliminary results indicate that it is now possible to analyze the early time course or transcription for each gene after the imposition of hemodynamic overload. This should significantly enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the phenoconversions of the hemodynamically overloaded heart.
Separation of triplet repeat DNA by capillary electrophoresis and the conformational analysis by atomic force microscope (2000)

We investigated the relationship between electrophoretic behaviors and higher order structures of triplet repeat DNA fragments by means of capillary electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was suggested that the mobility difference between triplet repeat DNA and random sequence DNA should be correlated to differences in their dynamic conformation.
Effect of Medial Zona Incerta Lesions on the Ovulatory Surge of Gonadotrophins and Prolactin in the Rat (1991)

Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the incertohypothalamic A13 dopamine (DA) system were made on the morning of proestrus in female rats with regular estrous cycles under ether anesthesia. Hourly blood samples were withdrawn, via a jugular catheter from conscious, freely moving rats, between 14.00 h and 18.00 h on the afternoon of proestrus. Plasma LH, FSH and prolactin levels were determined by RIA. The preovulatory surges of LH and prolactin were blocked in animals in which the A13 DA nucleus was destroyed by more than 70%. Levels of FSH were not significantly different from those of control of sham-lesioned groups. Lesions that were dorsal, ventral or caudal to the A13 DA systems did not affect the preovulatory surges of LH and prolactin whereas anterior lesions caused variable changes in the level of all three hormones. These data suggest that the A13 DA region may have a role in the control of the preovulatory surges of LH and prolactin.
Predicting the popularity of online articles based on user comments (2011)

Understanding user participation is fundamental in anticipating the popularity of online content. In this paper, we explore how the number of users' comments during a short observation period after publication can be used to predict the expected popularity of articles published by a countrywide online newspaper. We evaluate a simple linear prediction model on a real dataset of hundreds of thousands of articles and several millions of comments collected over a period of four years. Analyzing the accuracy of our proposed model for different values of its basic parameters we provide valuable insights on the potentials and limitations for predicting content popularity based on early user activity.
Calcium changes in immune complex-stimulated human neutrophils. Simultaneous measurement of receptor occupancy and activation reveals full population stimulus binding but subpopulation activation (1991)

Immune complexes (ICs) induce an initial transient increase in cytosolic intracellular calcium [( Ca2+]in) levels in human neutrophils (PMN). Changes in PMN [Ca2+]in were measured with the fluorescent calcium indicator Indo-1 ( [1-[2-amino-5-(6-carboxylindol-2-yl]-phenoxyl]-2-(2'-amino-5 '- methylphenoxy]ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid), at the level of individual cells by flow cytometry. Two kinds of immune complexes (ICs) were used in this study: an insoluble (IIC) and a more soluble less valent immune complex (SIC) with fewer available Fc receptor binding ends per molecule of SIC than IIC. Simultaneous binding and activation studies performed on the flow cytometer with fluoresceinated IIC or SIC demonstrated that a majority of the cells bound each stimulus uniformly. However, only an IC dose-dependent proportion of those IC-bound cells responded with an increase in [Ca2+]in. Analysis of Indo-1 fluorescence signals from neutrophils exposed to IIC, corrected for the contribution of the nonresponding population, indicated that every dose of IIC elicited a similar maximum [Ca+2]in within the responding population. In contrast, the magnitude of the increase in [Ca2+]in elicited by low doses of SIC did become dependent on dose. Cells treated with pertussis toxin and exposed to IIC exhibited a normal [Ca2+]in response both in magnitude and expression. Therefore, [Ca2+]in responses induced by immune complexes are expressed by subpopulations of PMN, in a response which is dependent on the valency of the stimulus. In addition, pertussis toxin sensitive G protein(s) appear not to have a major role in IIC-induced [Ca2+]in changes, membrane potential changes, production of superoxide anions, and elastase release.
Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk: Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis (2006)

An emerging theme in molecular and cellular microbiology has been the ability of many pathogens to usurp the host cell and eventually colonize the host. This interaction between bacteria and host is not unidirectional - both pathogens and host cells engage in a signalling cross-talk. Research focused on this cross-talk and discussed in this volume, reveals not only novel aspects of bacterial pathogenesis, but also key information about epithelial biology with broader implications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Written by leading researchers in this field, this book provides a valuable overview of the host-bacterial interactions that occur at mucosal surfaces including the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. It will therefore be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers working on these systems or in the fields of molecular and cellular microbiology or infectious disease medicine
Development of Poly(ethylene glycol) Based Amphiphilic Copolymers for Controlled Release Delivery of Carbofuran (2010)

The formation of micelles in a solvent that is selective for one of the blocks is one of the most important and useful properties of block copolymers. We had synthesized copolymers of polyethylene glycol and various dimethyl esters, which self assemble into nano micellar aggregates in aqueous media. In the present work, we have utilized these nano micelles for the encapsulation of carbofuran, [2,3–dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate], a systemic insecticide-nematicide, for the development of controlled release formulation.
Constitutive and Agonist-induced Dimerizations of the P2Y1 Receptor (2008)

In living cells, P2Y(1) receptor dimerization was quantitated by an improved version of fluorescence resonance energy transfer donor photobleaching analysis. 44% of the P2Y(1) receptors expressed in HEK293 cell membranes exist as dimers in the resting state, inducible by agonist exposure to give 85-100% dimerization. Monomer and constitutive dimers are fully active. Agonist-induced dimerization follows desensitization and is fully reversible upon withdrawal of agonist. Receptor dimers are required for internalization at 37 degrees C but are not sufficient; at 20 degrees C dimerization also occurs, but endocytosis is abolished. Removal of the C-terminal 19 amino acids abolished both dimerization and internalization, whereas full activation by agonists was retained up to a loss of 39 amino acids, confirming active monomers. This receptor is known to bind through its last four amino acids (DTSL) to a scaffolding protein, Na/H exchanger regulatory factor-2, which was endogenous here, and DTSL removal blocked constitutive dimerization specifically. Distinction should therefore be made between the following: 1) constitutive dimers tethered to a scaffolding protein, together with effector proteins, within a signaling micro-domain, and 2) free dimers in the cell membrane, which here are inducible by agonist exposure. For the class A G-protein-coupled receptors, we suggest that the percentages of free monomers, and in many cases of induced free dimers, commonly become artifactually increased; this would arise from an excess there of the receptor over its specific scaffold and from a lack of the native targeting of the receptor to that site.
Exciton Relaxation in PbSe Nanorods (2012)

Measurements of the picosecond-time-scale dynamics of photoexcited electrons in PbSe nanorods are reported. The intraband (1Π → 1Σ) relaxation occurs with a time constant of ~500 fs, which corresponds to a fast energy-relaxation rate of ~0.6 eV/ps. The biexciton lifetime in PbSe nanorods is significantly (3-4 times) longer than the lifetime of PbSe quantum dots with the same energy gap, roughly as expected considering the increased volume. The multiexciton lifetimes of PbSe nanorods scale as expected for a bimolecular recombination mechanism. Implications of the observed relaxations will be discussed.
Nanophotonic design for 2D and quantum materials (2017)

Design of the resonant optical response of ultrathin two-dimensional materials and heterostructures is enabling scientific exploration of new materials phenomena. As an example, demonstrate near-unity, broadband absorbing optoelectronic devices using sub-15 nm thick transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) of molybdenum andtungsten as van der Waals semiconductor active layers. Specifically, we report that near-unity light absorption is possible in extremely thin (&lt;15 nm) van der Waals semiconductor structures by coupling to strongly damped optical modes of semiconductor/metal heterostructures. We further fabricate Schottky junction devices using these highly absorbing heterostructures and characterize their optoelectronic performance. Our work addresses one of the key criteria to enable TMDCs as potential candidates to achieve high optoelectronic efficiency. We also report mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements of an electrostatically gated topological insulator, in which we observe several percent modulation of transmittance and reflectance of (Bi_(1-x)Sb_x)_2Te_3 films as gating shifts the Fermi level. Infrared transmittance measurements of gated (B_(i1-x)Sb_x)_2Te_3 films were enabled by use of an epitaxial lift-off method for large-area transfer of TI films from the infrared-absorbing SrTiO_3 growth substrates to thermal oxidized silicon substrates. We combine these optical experiments with transport measurements and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to identify the observed spectral modulation as a gate-driven transfer of spectral weight between both bulk and topological surface channels and interband and intraband channels. We develop a model for the complex permittivity of gated (Bi_(1-x)Sb_x)_2Te_3, and find a good match to our experimental data. These results open the path for layered topological insulator materials as a new candidate for tunable infrared optics and highlight the possibility of switching topological optoelectronic phenomena between bulk and spin-polarized surface regimes.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Control of Growth Hormone Secretion* (1985)

The secretory pattern of GH in the mature rat is sexually differentiated. In male rats GH is secreted in pulses occurring at regular 3- to 4-h intervals. In females the pulses are lower and plasma GH levels between the pulses are higher than in males. The continuous presence of testosterone appears to be necessary to maintain low basal GH levels in adult male rats. Neonatal, but not prepubertal, gonadectomy decreases GH pulse height in adult male rats to female levels. Administration of testosterone neonatally to castrated animals returns GH pulse height to normal suggesting that neonatal testicular androgen secretion is one determinant for GH pulse height in adult male rats. Administration of testosterone neonatally or during adult life to neonatally ovariectomized rats also produces higher GH pulses. In contrast to testosterone, estrogens elevate basal plasma GH levels and suppress the GH pulses under some conditions. Estrogens may stimulate basal GH secretion by acting directly on the pituitary. The physiological significance of the secretory pattern of GH has been investigated in hypophysectomized rats by simulating different plasma patterns of GH. The results suggest that high, infrequent GH pulses with low plasma GH levels in between (i.e. a masculine plasma GH pattern) promotes growth more effectively than an intermediate, rather constant level of plasma GH (i.e. a feminine plasma GH pattern). Since male sex steroids masculinize the secretory pattern of GH and have only minor growth-promoting effects in hypophysectomized animals it appears that the growth promoting effect of androgens is indirect and is due to an altered secretory pattern of GH. Presumably, neonatal androgen secretion stimulates body growth during adult life by irreversibly masculinizing the secretory pattern of GH. In contrast, estrogens appear to influence body growth by mechanisms that are mainly independent of the secretory pattern of GH. Evidence is accumulating that the secretory pattern of GH in the rat also affects various sexually differentiated hepatic characteristics such as steroid metabolism and prolactin receptor concentration. Thus, a feminization of the liver develops after continuous, but not intermittent, administration of GH to hypophysectomized rats. GH secretion is predominantly regulated by two hypothalamic peptides; GRF, and the GH-release-inhibiting factor, somatostatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Novel Class-Center Vector Model for Text Classification Using Dependencies and a Semantic Dictionary (2019)

Automatic text classification is a research focus and core technology in information retrieval and natural language processing. Different from the traditional text classification methods (SVM, Bayesian, KNN), the class-center vector method is an important text classification method, which has the advantages of less calculation and high efficiency. However, the traditional class-center vector method for text classification has the disadvantages that the class vector is large and sparse, and its classification accuracy is not high because of the lack of semantic information. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a novel class-center vector model for text classification using dependencies and a semantic dictionary. We respectively use WordNet English semantic dictionary and Tongyici Cilin Chinese semantic dictionary to cluster the English or Chinese feature words in the class-center vector and to significantly reduce the dimension of class-center vector, thereby realizing a new class-center vector for text classification using dependencies and a semantic dictionary. Experiments show that, compared with traditional text classification algorithms, the improved class-center vector method has lower time complexity and higher accuracy on the 20Newsgroups English corpus, Fudan and Sogou Chinese corpus. This paper is an improved version of our NLPCC2019 conference paper.