gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing phosphorylation and sulfation in carbohydrates and glycoproteins using ion-pairing and mass spectrometry (2006)

Phosphorylation and sulfation are important modifications affecting the biological properties of carbohydrates, proteins, and glycoproteins. Identification of these two functional groups facilitates the understanding of the structure/function relationship in various species. Mass spectrometry is one of the methods used to detect the presence of these two modifications in complex biological mixtures. However, phosphorylated and sulfated structures are isobaric; thus, differentiation between them in routinely used mass spectrometers is problematic. Herein, we demonstrate that these two groups can be discriminated by using ion-pairing in conjunction with MS/MS experiments. The characteristic product ions are used to successfully identify the phosphorylation and sulfation present in mono-, disaccharides, and the highly sulfated glycoprotein, ovine luteinizing hormone. This method is a robust approach to differentiate the two isobaric functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Analogues of 4‐(3‐ Butoxy‐4‐methoxybenzyl)imidazolidin‐2‐one (Ro 20‐1724) as Potent Inhibitors of cAMP‐Specific Phosphodiesterase. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: plasmids, resistance to antibacterial drugs]. (1996)

The plasmid profile, virulence and antibacterial drug susceptibility of various strains of E. rhusiopathiae were determined. No correlations between the virulence of the strains, their antibiotic resistance and the plasmid content were detected. Structural and functional analysis of one of the isolated plasmids was carried out to use the plasmid as a vector in the genetic study of E. rhusiopathiae.
Hollow Polypyrrole Containers with Regulated Uptake/Release Properties (2009)

Polypyrrole microcontainers were successfully prepared by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of stainless steel electrodes. The size of the nanocontainers and the thickness of the polypyrrole shell (up to complete filling of the container with grown polypyrrole) can be varied by changing both the scan speed of the electrode potential and potential range. Polypyrrole surfaces with high redox current due to their increased surface area are obtained; for optimized conditions, also microcontainers are obtained. The polypyrrole microcontainers with a size of less than 20 microm can be easily detached from the electrode surface and polypyrrole films during several minutes of sonication in an ultrasonic bath. The polypyrrole shell of the microcontainers exhibits very strong barrier properties in acidic media at 2<pH<7 and a high permeability at pH>7, providing effective encapsulation of low molecular weight species at low pH values.
Ultrasensitive On-Chip Immunoassays with a Nanoparticle-Assembled Photonic Crystal (2012)

Electrophoretic particle entrapment system (EPES) is employed to generate 2D array of nanoparticles coated with biological molecules (i.e., antibodies). Phase matching of the excitation and the emission in the 2D arrays with particles produces a highly enhanced fluorescence signal that was shown to improve the limit of detection in immunoassays. The phase matching is achieved when the particle are in the sub-100 nm range. A comparison between different size particles shows that the sensitivity of an immunoassay is extended to a range that is difficult to achieve with standard technology (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-ELISA). The effectiveness of this novel configuration of particle-in-a-well was demonstrated with an assay for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; breast cancer biomarker), with a detection limit as low as 10 attomolar (aM) in less than 10 μL of serum-based sample. The limit of detection of HER2 indicated far superior assay performance compared to the corresponding standard 96-well plate-based ELISA. The particle-based photonic platform reduces the reagent volume and the time for performing an assay in comparison to competing methods. The simplicity of operation and the level of sensitivity demonstrated here can be used for rapid and early stage detection of biomarkers.
Reaction of Tribenzylaluminium with Acetylene (1972)

Abstract Acetylene reacts smoothly with tribenzylaluminium both by ‘normal’ addition to the AlC bond and by aromatic substitution in ortho position; further addition reactions can take place.
The Pharm.D. Investigator in Clinical Pharmacology: Supply and Demand (2007)

The field of clinical pharmacology is the discipline engaged in optimal drug discovery, development, and use, based on an in-depth knowledge of human pharmacology and therapeutics.1 Although many think clinical pharmacology is simply the study of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics, the role of the clinical pharmacologists covers all avenues of drug discovery, development, therapeutics, optimal drug therapy, and education.2 This expanded understanding is important as we start to address the overwhelming mandate and the unfortunate shortage of qualified investigators in the field (both physicians and non-physicians). Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2008); 84, 4, 526–529 doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100423
Da Vinci Xi Robot–Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty (2017)

Experimentations will allow the advantages of robot-assisted microsurgery to be identified while underlining the improvements and innovations necessary for clinical use.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Rezafungin in Patients with Fungal Infections (2021)

Rezafungin is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class with potent activity against species of <i>Candida</i> and Aspergillus, including subsets of resistant strains, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. The objective of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to characterize the disposition of rezafungin in plasma following intravenous (IV) administration in healthy volunteers and in patients with candidemia and/or invasive candidiasis. The population PK model was based on a previous model from phase 1 data; formal covariate analyses were conducted to identify any relationships between subject characteristics and rezafungin PK variability. A four-compartment model with linear elimination and zero-order drug input provided a robust fit to the pooled data. Several statistically significant relationships between subject descriptors (sex, infection status, serum albumin, and body surface area [BSA]) and rezafungin PK parameters were identified, but none were deemed clinically relevant. Previous dose justification analyses conducted using data from phase 1 subjects alone are expected to remain appropriate. The final model provided a precise and unbiased fit to the observed concentrations and can be used to reliably predict rezafungin PK in infected patients.
Volume of interest-based [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET discriminates MCI converting to Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. A European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) study (2014)

An emerging issue in neuroimaging is to assess the diagnostic reliability of PET and its application in clinical practice. We aimed at assessing the accuracy of brain FDG-PET in discriminating patients with MCI due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Sixty-two patients with amnestic MCI and 109 healthy subjects recruited in five centers of the European AD Consortium were enrolled. Group analysis was performed by SPM8 to confirm metabolic differences. Discriminant analyses were then carried out using the mean FDG uptake values normalized to the cerebellum computed in 45 anatomical volumes of interest (VOIs) in each hemisphere (90 VOIs) as defined in the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) Atlas and on 12 meta-VOIs, bilaterally, obtained merging VOIs with similar anatomo-functional characteristics. Further, asymmetry indexes were calculated for both datasets. Accuracy of discrimination by a Support Vector Machine and the AAL VOIs was tested against a validated method (PALZ). At the voxel level SMP8 showed a relative hypometabolism in the bilateral precuneus, and posterior cingulate, temporo-parietal and frontal cortices. Discriminant analysis classified subjects with an accuracy ranging between .91 and .83 as a function of data organization. The best values were obtained from a subset of 6 meta-VOIs plus 6 asymmetry values reaching an area under the ROC curve of .947, significantly larger than the one obtained by the PALZ score. High accuracy in discriminating MCI converters from healthy controls was reached by a non-linear classifier based on SVM applied on predefined anatomo-functional regions and inter-hemispheric asymmetries. Data pre-processing was automated and simplified by an in-house created Matlab-based script encouraging its routine clinical use. Further validation toward nonconverter MCI patients with adequately long follow-up is needed.
Tunable Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conductivity and Permittivity of Graphene Oxide Paper for Electrochemical Energy Conversion (2016)

Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional graphitic carbon material functionalized with oxygen-containing surface functional groups. The material is of interest in energy conversion, sensing, chemical processing, gas barrier, and electronics applications. Multilayer GO paper has recently been applied as a new proton conducting membrane in low temperature fuel cells. However, a detailed understanding of the electrical/dielectric properties, including separation of the ionic vs electronic contributions under relevant operating conditions, has so far been lacking. Here, the electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity of GO paper are investigated in situ from 30 to 120 °C, and from 0 to 100% relative humidity (RH) using impedance spectroscopy. These are related to the water content, measured by thermogravimetric analysis. With the aid of electron blocking measurements, GO is demonstrated to be a mixed electronic-protonic conductor, and the ion transference number is derived for the first time. For RH > 40%, conductivity is dominated by proton transport (with a maximum of 0.5 mS/cm at 90 °C and 100% RH). For RH < 40%, electronic conductivity dominates (with a maximum of 7.4 mS/cm at ∼80 °C and 0% RH). The relative permittivity of GO paper increases with decreasing humidity, from ∼10 at 100% RH to several 1000 at 10% RH. These results underline the potential of GO for application not only as a proton conducting electrolyte but also as a mixed conducting electrode material under appropriate conditions. Such materials are highly applicable in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Progressive damage in paper (1998)

The local strain field and debonding of fibers (damage) were measured simultaneously during the tensile testing of paper specimens. The results suggest that the local material laws - and particularly the final rupture point - of the papers studied in CD were determined primarily by the drying shrinkage. No universal values were found for the local strain or damage at rupture. Structural non-uniformity of the entire specimen controlled the distribution of external strain within it. A non-uniform structure leads to an effective concentration of strain and damage in low grammage areas so that high grammage areas are left practically intact. As a result the average external elongation at the point t of final rupture is much smaller than the local strain in the rupture zone. In more uniform structures the difference between high and low grammage areas is smaller and the external breaking strain is higher.
ChemInform Abstract: (4 + 2)Cycloadducts of 5‐Benzyloxy‐2‐pyridone with Electron‐Deficient Dienophiles. Regio‐ and Stereochemistry. (1989)

Abstract Coupling of the pyridone (I) with the ene derivatives (II), (IV), (VII), and (IX) gives cycloadducts as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Dual Photoredox/Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes (2019)

The potential of merging photoredox and nickel catalysis to perform multicomponent alkene difunctionalizations under visible-light irradiation is demonstrated here. Secondary and tertiary alkyl groups, as well as sulfonyl moieties can be added to the terminal position of the double bond with simultaneous arylation of the internal carbon atom in a single step under mild reaction conditions. The process, devoid of stoichiometric additives, benefits from the use of bench-stable and easy-to-handle reagents, is operationally simple, and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups.
Chemically modified collagen: A natural biomaterial for tissue replacement (1987)

Glutaraldehyde crosslinking of native or reconstituted collagen fibrils and tissues rich in collagen significantly reduces biodegradation. Other aldehydes are less efficient than glutaraldehyde in generating chemically, biologically, and thermally stable crosslinks. Tissues crosslinked with glutaraldehyde retain many of the viscoelastic properties of the native collagen fibrillar network which render them suitable for bioprostheses. Implants of collagenous materials crosslinked with glutaraldehyde are subject long-term to calcification, biodegradation, and low-grade immune reactions. We have attempted to overcome these problems by enhancing crosslinking through bridging of activated carboxyl groups with diamines and using glutaraldehyde to crosslink the epsilon-NH2 groups in collagen and the unreacted amines introduced by aliphatic diamines. This crosslinking reduces tissue degradation and nearly eliminates humoral antibody induction. Covalent binding of diphosphonates, specifically 3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (3-APD), and chondroitin sulfate to collagen or to the crosslink-enhanced collagen network reduces its potential for calcification. Platelet aggregation is also reduced by glutaraldehyde crosslinking and nearly eliminated by the covalent binding of chondroitin sulfate to collagen. The cytotoxicity of residual glutaraldehyde--leaching through the interstices of the collagen fibrils or the tissue matrix--and of reactive aldehydes associated with the bound polymeric glutaraldehyde can be minimized by neutralization and thorough rinsing after crosslinking and storage in a nontoxic bacteriostatic solution.
La géographie paroissiale d'Angers du Moyen Âge à nos jours (2003)

International audience
A Look Into The Bubble Interior by Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2012)

The interior dynamics of a collapsing and rebounding cavitation bubble is investigated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A hard sphere model for the species inside the bubble is adopted. The dynamics of the surrounding liquid (water) is modeled by a Rayleigh-Plesset (RP) type equation coupled to the bubble interior by the gas pressure at the wall obtained from the MD calculations. Water vapor and vapor chemistry are included in the hybrid RP-MD model as well as mass and energy transfer through the bubble wall. Calculations are done for bubbles at conditions typical for single bubble sonoluminescence and for small bubbles driven atMHz frequencies to determine the evolution
of temperature, density and pressure within a bubble and to
predict how the particle numbers and densities of different vapor dissociation and reaction products in the bubble develop in space and time. Among the parameters varied are the bubble size, the sound pressure amplitude of the driving sound field, the frequency of the sound field and the noble gas mixture in the bubble.
Effects of elevated fatty acid and glucose concentrations on pancreatic islet function in vitro (2008)

In summary, high concentrations of palmitate and glucose cause a relative increase in glucagon secretion, a decline in insulin secretion, a loss of alpha cell sensitivity to glucose and an accumulation of TG. The inability of insulin to suppress glucagon may be because of insulin resistance of alpha cells.
Induction of arthritis and uveitis in Lewis rats by antigenic mimicry of peptides from HLA-B27 and cytokeratin (2002)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is highly associated with HLA-B27. We have previously shown that peripheral blood lymphocytes from AS patients respond to stimulation with a peptide from the sequence of HLA-B27. Here we report on molecular mimicry of peptides from HLA-B27 and cytokeratin, the latter being specifically expressed in synovial membranes and eyes, the main targets of the autoaggressive immune response in AS patients. Immunization of rats with these peptides induced an inflammatory response in joints, spine and eyes, resembling the symptoms in AS. Furthermore, both HLA-B27- and cytokeratin-derived peptides, are effective oral tolerogens: feeding these peptides ameliorated arthritis and uveitis induced with the cytokeratin peptide. Our model might elucidate the role of peptides from the sequence of HLA-B27 as an antigen of the immune response in AS, introducing a new aspect of antigenic mimicry between HLA-B27 and tissue-specific antigens. We propose this as a mechanism directing a systemic autoimmune response to specific target organs by antigenic mimicry of T cell epitopes.
Antioxidant Activity of Protein-Bound Quercetin (2004)

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was derivatized by covalent attachment of different amounts of quercetin [ratios of BSA to quercetin were 20:1, 10:1, 7:1, 5:1, and 2:1 (w/w)]. The antioxidant activity of the protein-phenol derivatives was investigated using a modified TEAC assay. The results show that the covalent attachment of quercetin to BSA decreases the total antioxidant activity in comparison to an equivalent amount of free quercetin depending on the degree of derivatization. The derivative with the highest amount of covalently bound quercetin (the 2:1 derivative) showed an antioxidant activity of only 79% compared to an equivalent amount of free quercetin. After the enzymatic proteolysis of the BSA-quercetin derivatives with trypsin, the total antioxidant activity of the degradation products increases in comparison to the respective undigested derivatives but does not reach the activity of an equivalent amount of free quercetin. Even after 240 min of tryptic degradation, there is still a lack in antioxidant activity (for the 7:1 derivative nearly 33%) as compared to free quercetin.
HIV/AIDS Susceptibility Is Influenced by the Number of (2005)

CCL3L1 (CC chemokine ligand 3-like 1, also known as MIP-1αP) is the most potent known ligand for CCR5, which is a major coreceptor for HIV infection.
High Friction of Extracted Continuous Filament Yarn on Clean Glass Surfaces (1952)

(1952). High Friction of Extracted Continuous Filament Yarn on Clean Glass Surfaces. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions: Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. T350-T353.
5′-Long Terminal Repeat-Selective CpG Methylation of Latent Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Provirus In Vitro and In Vivo (2002)

CpG methylation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) has been implicated in proviral latency, but there is presently little information available regarding the pattern of LTR methylation and its effect on viral gene expression. To gain insight into the mechanisms of HTLV-1 latency, we have studied methylation of individual CpG sites in the U3-R region of the integrated proviral LTR by using bisulfite genomic sequencing methods. Surprisingly, our results reveal selective hypermethylation of the 5' LTR and accompanying hypomethylation of the 3' LTR in both latently infected cell lines and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells having a complete provirus. Moreover, we observed a lack of CpG methylation in the LTRs of 5'-defective proviruses recovered from ATL samples, which is consistent with the selective hypomethylation of the 3' LTR. Thus, the integrated HTLV-1 provirus in these carriers appears to be hypermethylated in the 5' LTR and hypomethylated in the 3' LTR. These results, together with the observation that proviral gene expression is reactivated by 5-azacytidine in latently infected cell lines, indicate that selective hypermethylation of the HTLV-1 5' LTR is common both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, hypermethylation of the 5' LTR appears to be an important mechanism by which HTLV-1 gene expression is repressed during viral latency.
Current status and new policy direction of healthcare personnel in Korea (2012)

The health insurance financial crisis and the aging population have overshadowed the South Korean healthcare market. Reforming healthcare has become a major policy issue in the upcoming presidential election on December 19, 2012. It is hard to imagine a time when expectations have been higher and the challenges have been greater for the next administration to create a sustainable healthcare system. Among healthcare policy problems, the new administration must keep in mind reforms for healthcare personnel. Accordingly, several intermediate and long-term actions and initiations for healthcare personnel can help lay the groundwork for sustainable development of Korea's healthcare system. Possible examples include balancing the supply plan of physicians and nurses according to the finances of the National Health Insurance, controlling the number of dentists, oriental medical doctors, and pharmacists, while enhancing health education specialists, and complementary and alternative medical therapists.
In Memoriam: Addendum (2008)

I would also like to express my admiration for Dr. Tetsuzo Akutsu, whom I met during a fascinating period in our careers. His development of a total artificial heart came at a crucial time in the history of cardiac surgery. I was fortunate to have been able to use his Akutsu III heart as a bridge to transplant, to sustain the life of a dying patient until we had time to find a donor heart (see photo this page). Although Dr. Akutsu was somewhat hesitant at the time to have the device used clinically, he was dedicated to ensuring that our patient survived until a donor was found. After leaving the Texas Heart Institute, Dr. Akutsu used his expertise to stimulate other investigators and corporate sponsors to continue development of artificial devices to support the heart and circulation.



Figure. From Life magazine, September 1981. Dr. Akutsu displays the two halves of the artificial heart that he designed, after its explantation on 27 July 1981. The patient received a donor heart at THI and lived another 9 days. Photograph by Enrico Ferorelli. ...



Dr. Akutsu and I remained friends throughout our careers. I respected him greatly and will remember him as a leader in the field of cardiovascular medicine.


Denton A. Cooley, MD

President and Surgeon-in-Chief, Texas Heart Institute
Spatially-Dispersed Caching in Information-Centric Networking (2018)

Information-centric networking (ICN), a new network architecture for efficiently delivering content, has been widely investigated recently. In ICN, cache memory is implemented at each router, and content items are routed in the network by using the content name as the locator determining the destination. The caching strategy that determines the content to be cached at each router strongly affects the cache hit ratio and flow hop length, and it is important to efficiently utilize limited cache resources by avoiding duplicated caching of the same content among routers located closely. However, no caching strategy aiming at dispersing content over networks has been investigated. In this paper, we propose spatially dispersed caching (SDC), which is a caching strategy dispersing content by assigning a binary ID to each router and limiting the cache targets at each router to content with names whose hash value coincides with the router ID. Through computer simulations using backbone networks of actual ISPs in the USA, we show that SDC reduced the average hop length by about 5% to 20% compared with the existing caching strategies.