gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agents situés dans l'image et organisés en pyramide irrégulière: Contribution à la segmentation par une approche d'agrégation coopérative et adaptative (2001)

Les agents situés dans l'image fournissent un cadre privilégié pour la mise en oeuvre de stratégies coopératives et localement adaptées en segmentation d'image. Ils facilitent l'intégration des connaissances a priori, expressions d'un modèle, permettant ainsi de dégager de nouvelles contraintes indispensables à toutes les étapes de la vision par ordinateur (de la segmentation à l'interprétation).Nous proposons un cadre conceptuel pour l'architecture logicielle d'un système de vision bas-niveau basée sur des agents situés dans l'image. Une telle architecture est articulée en trois niveaux d'analyse et de description :1. Description globale et structurelle de l'organisation regroupant les agents. Cette étape de description s'attache à établir les liens entre agents. Nous proposons comme élément organisationnel la pyramide irrégulière qui impose sa structure à la population d'agents, afin de garantir un comportement globalement contrôlable et convergent de ces derniers.2. Description locale, fonctionnelle et comportementale des agents composant le système. Nous proposons une mise en oeuvre particulière de l'architecture logicielle de vision bas-niveau. Dans cette dernière, deux familles d'agents, qui traduisent des primitives région et contour, interagissent localement au sein de la pyramide.Notre objectif est de montrer comment cette méthodologie permet une implémentation riche, flexible et distribuée des aspects précédemment identifiés; à savoir : l'adaptation locale, l'intégration et l'expression d'incertitudes dans l'information a priori et des traitements coopératifs région/région et région/contour.3. Finalement, une analyse globale, comparative et fonctionnelle vérifie que l'ensemble des interactions locales produit une bonne segmentation des images. Nous comparons notre approche avec d'autres méthodes de segmentation sur des images médicales et des images de synthèse.
The response of the newborn rat to injury. I. Vascular and humoral aspects (1975)

The development of oedema in response to irritants injected into the skin, or pleural cavity of rats, has been shown to differ according to the age of rat studied. It was found that newborn rats were less responsive, with respect to oedema formation, at certain times after the injection of a particular irritant. Attempts to suppress the reactions of these animals using anti-histamines, anti-serotonin and kinin-depleting agents were less successful than in adults. Analysis of serum, plasma and exudate proteins revealed quantitative and qualitative differences between newborn and adult rats. The ability of various agents to cause increased vascular permeability in the skin of newborn rats was found to vary with the age of animal studied. Thus histamine, 5-hydroxytryptomine, cellulose sulphate and prostaglandin E2, all failed to cause increased vascular permeability in the skin of rats younger than 3 wk of age. However, lymph-node permeability factor induced increased vascular permeability in newborn (i.e., 6-hr-old) rats. An attempt was made to correlate these results with those of oedema formation following the infections of certain irritants.
Glycerol phosphate acyltransferase 6 controls filamentous pathogen interactions and cell wall properties of the tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermis (2018)

ABSTRACT The leaf epidermal wall is covered by a cuticle, composed of cutin and waxes, which protects against dehydration and constitutes a barrier against pathogen attack. Cutin monomers are formed by the transfer of 16- or 18-carbon fatty acids to glycerol by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes, which facilitates their transport to the plant surface. Here we address the dual functionality of pathogen-inducible Glycerol phosphate acyltransferase 6 ( GPAT6 ) in controlling pathogen entry and dehydration in leaves. Silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana NbGPAT6a increased leaf susceptibility to the oomycetes Phytophthora infestans and P. palmivora , whereas stable overexpression of NbGPAT6a-GFP rendered leaves more resistant to infection. A loss-of-function mutation of the orthologous gene in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), SlGPAT6 , similarly resulted in increased susceptibility of leaves to Phytophthora infection concomitant with altered intracellular infection structure morphology. Conversely, Botrytis cinerea disease symptoms were reduced. Modulation of GPAT6 expression predominantly altered the outer cell wall of leaf epidermal cells. The impaired cell wall-cuticle continuum of tomato gpat6-a mutants resulted in increased water loss and these plants had fewer stomata. Our work highlights a hitherto unknown role for GPAT6-generated cutin monomers in controlling epidermal cell properties that are integral to leaf-microbe interactions and limit dehydration.
High TSTA3 Expression as a Candidate Biomarker for Poor Prognosis of Patients With ESCC (2018)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most lethal cancer worldwide and the fourth most lethal cancer in China. Tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B codifies the enzyme GDP-d-mannose-4,6-dehydratase, which participates in the biosynthesis of GDP-l-fucose. GDP-l-fucose is an important substrate involved in the biosynthesis of many glycoproteins. Cancer cells are often accompanied by the changes in glycoprotein structure, which affects the adhesion, invasion, and metastasis of cells. It is not clear whether tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B has any effect on the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We used an immunohistochemical method to assess the expression of tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B in 104 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma samples. The results showed tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B expression was associated with some clinical features in patients, such as age ( P = .017), clinical stage ( P = .010), and lymph node metastasis ( P = .043). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed that patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma having high tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B expression had a worse prognosis compared to the patients with low expression ( P = .048). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that high expression of tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B could predict poor prognosis for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma independently. In conclusion, abnormal fucosylation might participate in the progress of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B may serve as a novel biomarker for prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
1,4-Dioxane Hydrate: Dielectric Absorption by a Nondipolar Enclathrated Molecule (1975)

X-Ray, continuous-wave and pulsed n.m.r., and dielectric relaxation studies show the hydrate of 1,4-dioxane (D) to be a normal clathrate hydrate of von Stackelberg's structure II with composition D·∼17H 2 O. The reorientation rate of the relatively large D molecule is slower and the effective activation energy(l.6 kcal/mol) larger than for other guest molecules previously studied in hydrates of the same structure. Weak dielectric absorption associated with reorientation of nondipolar D molecules is attributed mainly to the induction of a total dipole moment of ∼0.2 D in the 28 water molecules of the large structure II cage by two equal and opposed dipoles in the chair form of D.
Histopathological workup of sentinel lymph nodes: how much is enough? (1999)

Histopathological workup of sentinel lymph nodes: how much is enough?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the novel SARM GTx-024 [(S)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide] in rats (2013)

1. GTx-024, a novel selective androgen receptor modulator, is currently being investigated as an oral treatment for muscle wasting disorders associated with cancer and other chronic conditions. 2. Absorption of GTx-024 was rapid and complete, with high oral bioavailability. A wide tissue distribution of [(14)C]GTx-024 derived radioactivity was observed. [(14)C]GTx-024-derived radioactivity had a moderate plasma clearance (117.7 and 74.5 mL/h/kg) and mean elimination half-life of 0.6 h and 16.4 h in male and female rats, respectively. 3. Fecal excretion was the predominant route of elimination, with ∼70% of total radioactivity recovered in feces and 21-25% in urine within 48 h. Feces of intact rats contained primarily unchanged [(14)C]GTx-024 (49.3-64.6%). Metabolites were identified in urine and feces resulting from oxidation of the cyanophenol ring (M8, 17.6%), hydrolysis and/or further conjugation of the amide moiety (M3, 8-12%) and the cyanophenol ring (M4, 1.3-1.5%), and glucuronidation of [(14)C]GTx-024 at the tertiary alcohol (M6, 3.5-3.7%). There was no quantifiable metabolite in plasma. 4. In summary, in the rat GTx-024 is completely absorbed, widely distributed, biotransformed through several metabolic pathways, and eliminated in feces primarily as an unchanged drug.
Characterization of channel strain evolution upon the silicidation of recessed source/drain Si1−xGex structures (2011)

This letter reports on Ni germanosilicide formation on recessed Si0.82Ge0.18 source/drain structures and its effects on channel strain. A combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques, including nanobeam diffraction, shed some light on a previously unrecognized factor in the channel strain evolution during silicidation: a Ge accumulation layer produced at the bottom of the germanosilicide layer. The formation of such a Ge rich layer added an additional compressive strain to the channel strain upon moderate silicidation, while the contribution of thermal strain arising from the cooling cycle became dominant in an excessively silicided sample, which turned the channel strain into a tensile value.
A 1 Mbit EEPROM with MONOS memory cell for semiconductor disk application (1990)

The authors describe a 5-V-only 1-Mb EEPROM for semiconductor disk application with a newly developed MONOS memory cell and CMOS periphery circuits. The cell size is reducer to be as small as that of UV-erasable EPROMs, and high-speed data programming of a 140 ms/chip (1.1 μs/B equivalent) is realized by adopting block erase mode and page write mode
Magnetic characterization of thin Co50Fe50 films by magnetooptic Kerr effect (2012)

Abstract Magnetic properties of thin Co 50 Fe 50 films on MgO(0 0 1) prepared with different annealing temperatures between room temperature and 300 °C are studied by vectorial magnetometry based on the magnetooptic Kerr effect. Independent from the annealing, the Co 50 Fe 50 films reveal some similar magnetic properties, e.g. no quadratic magnetooptic Kerr effect and a magnetic reversal process which is completely in-plane with magnetic easy axes in Co 50 Fe 50 〈1 1 0〉 directions. If the alignment of the external magnetic field is close to the magnetic hard axes, incoherent rotation of magnetic moments between saturation and remanence occurs instead of coherent rotation as for the other directions. If the magnitude of the magnetization is polar plotted with respect to the azimuthal magnetization angle, sequential switching of magnetic moments from one magnetic easy axis to another can be proved by the course of the magnetization. Here, a two-domain switching process can be distinguished from a four-domain switching process generated by the incoherent rotation between saturation and remanence. Furthermore, both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constants and the domain wall pinning energies are determined from the magnetic switching fields using the Stoner–Wohlfarth model while the cubic magnetic anisotropy constants are obtained from fitting the magnetization curves. The domain wall pinning energies obtained from these analyses decrease with increasing annealing temperature due to fewer defects in the film. The cubic magnetic anisotropy also decreases slightly which can be attributed to relaxation of the crystal lattice for increasing annealing temperature due to a small change of spin–orbit coupling. Compared with the cubic magnetic anisotropy the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is very small. This may be attributed to the reduction of strain in the film caused by a buffer stack Cr/Au/Cr between the Co 50 Fe 50 film and MgO(0 0 1).
Viewing angle changeable display (2010)

Viewing angle changeable display can change the display viewing angle as needed: In the public place the display could have a narrow viewing angle for privacy, while in the private place the displays could have a wide viewing angle for the convenience of the operation and better viewing experience. This article propose a novel adjustable optical transmission device to realize the viewing angle changes for LCD by using the principle of guest- host effect of liquid crystal. The major technology is to insert a special equipment between the backlight and the LCD, through which the backlight will display either parallel or scattered features to get an either narrow or wide viewing angle. The equipment is an adjustable transmission cell (ATC) which is actually a black G-H LC cell. This ATC is the main focus of our invention. The ATC consists of a polarizer sheet and a special guest-host liquid crystal device filled with the two-phase dye (called as GH-LC in this report), to achieve the viewing angle change in the LCD. When an electrical field charges to the ATC, only the so-called near-axis lights can pass through the ATC within a relatively small angle, while the other scattered lights are absorbed sequentially by GH-LC and the polarizer sheet. On the other hand, when there is no electrical charge to the ATC, the cell behaves like a normal polarizer; and the scattered light can pass through the cell and polarizer in a normal way. This paper describes the principle and structure of the device, applies the electric field on the sample to observe the electro-optical properties, combine the theoretical and experimental research, getting the viewing angle effects of the display.
Sequence-Specific Recognition of MicroRNAs and Other Short Nucleic Acids with Solid-State Nanopores (2016)

The detection and quantification of short nucleic acid sequences has many potential applications in studying biological processes, monitoring disease initiation and progression, and evaluating environmental systems, but is challenging by nature. We present here an assay based on the solid-state nanopore platform for the identification of specific sequences in solution. We demonstrate that hybridization of a target nucleic acid with a synthetic probe molecule enables discrimination between duplex and single-stranded molecules with high efficacy. Our approach requires limited preparation of samples and yields an unambiguous translocation event rate enhancement that can be used to determine the presence and abundance of a single sequence within a background of nontarget oligonucleotides.
Internal Radius and Dilatation (1981)

At some places in the preceding sections full use has been made of harmonic oscillator state wave functions. But no attention was directed to the internal width of the different composite particle systems. The frequencies of the oscillator states in different degrees of freedom were all chosen to be equal. It was possible therefore to transform from one set of coordinates to another, for example from cluster coordinates to single-particle coordinates, by orthogonal transformations. Even in Bargmann space these could be performed by substitution without explicitly using integral transforms (see section 5.1).
Exact admission control for networks with a bounded delay service (1996)

To support the requirements for the transmission of continuous media, such as audio and video, multiservice packet-switching networks must provide service guarantees to connections, including guarantees on throughput, network delays, and network delay variations. For the most demanding applications, the network must offer a service which provides deterministically bounded delay guarantees, referred to as "bounded delay service." The admission control functions in a network with a bounded delay service require 'schedulability conditions' that detect violations of delay guarantees in a network switch. Exact schedulability conditions are presented for three packet scheduling methods: earliest-deadline-first (EDF), static-priority (SP), and a novel scheduling method, referred to as rotating-priority-queues (RPQ). By characterizing the worst-case traffic with general subadditive functions, the presented schedulability conditions can be applied to a large class of traffic models. Examples, which include actual MPEG video traces, are presented to demonstrate the trade-offs involved in selecting a packet scheduling method for a bounded delay service.
Optimization of support structures for the laser additive manufacturing of TiAl6V4 parts (2018)

For the successful production of parts with Laser Beam Melting technology support structures are essential. Their main functions are to support overhanging structures, dissipate the heat generated during the process, and minimizing geometrical distortions caused by internal stresses. Although support structures play an important role in the SLM process, they must be removed during the post-processing stage as they do not constitute part of the final geometry. An optimization of the support structures would lead to a reduction in the material consumption during the production process and a significant reduction of the time and effort required during post-processing. This paper investigates the properties of different types of support structures, in particular the strength of the connection between support structures and the part. The strength of the connections between the support structure and the part was investigated through experimentations. Finally, this paper offers a series of guidelines aimed at helping process engineers to select the right design of the support structure when preparing a print job. The determined strengths and geometrical recommendations were used for automated support simulations.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some 10-Mono- and 2',10-Diesters of 10-Deacetylpaclitaxel (1995)

10-Deacetylpaclitaxel, isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, was converted into paclitaxel in one composite step (trimethylsilylation, acetylation, and desilylation) and in an overall yield of 80-85%. A series of 10-monoesters of 10-deacetylpaclitaxel are prepared by protection of the 2'- and 7-hydroxyls with a chloroacetyl group, acylation, and deprotection. Depending on the reaction conditions, the 10-monoesters, either exclusively or accompanied by the 2',10-diesters, are formed. The mono- and diesters were evaluated using the L-1210 cell culture assay. The 10-monoesters were comparable to paclitaxel and more active than the corresponding 2',10-diesters. The 10-[(4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl], 10-(2-nitrobenzoyl), and 10-(phenylacetyl) esters were found to be somewhat more active than paclitaxel.
Characterization of Intact Proviruses in Blood and Lymph Node from HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Analytical Treatment Interruption (2019)

The role of lymphoid tissue as a potential source of HIV-1 rebound following interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is uncertain. To address this issue, we compared the latent viruses obtained from CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes to viruses emerging during treatment interruption. Latent viruses were characterized by sequencing near-full-length (NFL) proviral DNA and <i>env</i> from viral outgrowth assays (VOAs). Five HIV-1-infected individuals on ART were studied, four of whom participated in a clinical trial of a TLR9 agonist that included an analytical treatment interruption. We found that 98% of intact or replication-competent clonal sequences overlapped between blood and lymph node. In contrast, there was no overlap between 205 latent reservoir and 125 rebound sequences in the four individuals who underwent treatment interruption. However, rebound viruses could be accounted for by recombination. The data suggest that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells carrying latent viruses circulate between blood and lymphoid tissues in individuals on ART and support the idea that recombination may play a role in the emergence of rebound viremia.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> HIV-1 persists as a latent infection in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that can be found in lymphoid tissues in infected individuals during ART. However, the importance of this tissue reservoir and its contribution to viral rebound upon ART interruption are not clear. In this study, we sought to compare latent HIV-1 from blood and lymph node CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from five HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, we analyzed the contribution of lymph node viruses to viral rebound. We observed that the frequencies of intact proviruses were the same in blood and lymph node. Moreover, expanded clones of T cells bearing identical proviruses were found in blood and lymph node. These latent reservoir sequences did not appear to be the direct origin of rebound virus. Instead, latent proviruses were found to contribute to the rebound compartment by recombination.
Optimization of quantitative reverse transcription PCR method for analysis of weakly expressed genes in crops based on rapeseed (2022)

Rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>) is an allopolyploid hybrid (AACC genome) of turnip rape (<i>B. rapa</i>, genome: AA) and vegetable cabbage (<i>B. oleraceae</i>, genome: CC). Rapeseed oil is one of the main vegetable oils used worldwide for food and other technical purposes. Therefore, breeding companies worldwide are interested in developing rapeseed varieties with high yields and increased adaptation to harsh climatic conditions such as heat and prolonged drought. One approach to studying the mechanism of the epigenetically regulated stress response is to analyze the transcriptional changes it causes. In addition, comparing the expression of certain genes between stress- and non-stress-tolerant varieties will help guide breeding in the desired direction. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) has been intensively used for gene expression analysis for several decades. However, the transfer of this method from model plants to crop species has several limitations due to the high accumulation of secondary metabolites, the higher water content in some tissues and therefore problems with their grinding and other factors. For allopolyploid rapeseed, the presence of two genomes, often with different levels of expression of homeologous genes, must also be considered. In this study, we describe the optimization of transcriptional RT-qPCR analysis of low-expression epigenetic genes in rapeseed, using <i>Kinetochore Null2</i> (<i>KNL2</i>), a regulator of kinetochore complex assembly, as an example. We demonstrated that a combination of various factors, such as tissue homogenization and RNA extraction with TRIzol, synthesis of cDNA with gene-specific primers, and RT-qPCR in white plates, significantly increased the sensitivity of RT-qPCR for the detection of <i>BnKNL2A</i> and <i>BnKNL2C</i> gene expression.
Femtosecond Cr:Forsterite laser induced formation of waveguides and generation of supercontinuum in Eu doped nanoporous glass (2008)

The formation of waveguides in doped with Eu nanoporous glass in the course of it's irradiation with focused femtosecond Cr:Forsterite laser pulses is studied. Propagation of intense laser radiation in such waveguides was accompanied by supercontinuum generation, which was not observed in pure porous glass at the same conditions.