gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Limiting Liability in the Battle of the Forms: U.C.C. Section 2-207 and the "Material Alteration" Inquiry (2006)

This article will describe the varying approaches that courts use to decide whether clauses limiting liability materially alter the contract under U.C.C. section 2-207. In Part II, the article reviews the development of U.C.C. section 2-207, beginning with its common law roots, and its interaction with the section limiting liability.6 In Part III, the three principal approaches used by the courts, the per se material alteration approach, the per se not material alteration approach and the "surprise or hardship" approach are discussed and analyzed.7 Ultimately, this article concludes that the "surprise or hardship" model is the approach most consistent with the dictates of the revised section 2-207.8 Finally, Part IV reflects upon what effect the revisions to Article 2 will have on these approaches.
Risk Factors and Screening Instruments to Predict Adverse Outcomes for Undifferentiated Older Emergency Department Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (2015)

Risk stratification of geriatric adults following ED care is limited by the lack of pragmatic, accurate, and reliable instruments. Although absence of dependency reduces the risk of 1-year mortality, no individual risk factor, frailty construct, or risk assessment instrument accurately predicts risk of adverse outcomes in older ED patients. Existing instruments designed to risk stratify older ED patients do not accurately distinguish high- or low-risk subsets. Clinicians, educators, and policy-makers should not use these instruments as valid predictors of post-ED adverse outcomes. Future research to derive and validate feasible ED instruments to distinguish vulnerable elders should employ published decision instrument methods and examine the contributions of alternative variables, such as health literacy and dementia, which often remain clinically occult.
Fish, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality—What Is the Global Evidence? (2021)

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Donanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

In patients with early Alzheimer's disease, donanemab resulted in a better composite score for cognition and for the ability to perform activities of daily living than placebo at 76 weeks, although results for secondary outcomes were mixed. Longer and larger trials are necessary to study the efficacy and safety of donanemab in Alzheimer's disease. (Funded by Eli Lilly; TRAILBLAZER-ALZ ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03367403.).
Immunolocalization of the Plasma Membrane H+ -ATPase in Minor Veins of Vicia faba in Relation to Phloem Loading (1994)

The immunolocalization of the plasma membrane H+ -ATPase, which generates a proton motive force energizing the uptake of inorganic and organic solutes, was studied by electron microscopy. The cells studied were in minor veins of Vicia faba L. exporting leaves, where photosynthates are supposed to be absorbed from the apoplast by phloem transfer cells. Immunologically detectable H+ -ATPase varied among the different cell types and was considerably denser in the transfer cells than in the other cell types, particularly in the sieve tube. Moreover, the distribution of the H+ -ATPase was not homogeneous in transfer cells, that pump being more concentrated in the region adjacent to the bundle sheath, phloem parenchyma, and xylem vessels than along the smooth part of the wall bordering the sieve tube. These results show that the plasma membrane infoldings of transfer cells possess the proton-pumping machinery required to energize an efficient uptake of photosynthates from the phloem apoplast and an efficient retrieval of nitrogenous compounds from the vascular sap.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED METHODS FOR DEHYDRATION AND HYDROXY/HALOGEN EXCHANGE USING NOVEL COMBINATIONS OF TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE AND HALOGENATED ETHANES (1983)

Abstract Triphenylphosphin in Kombination mit Hexabromethan oder Dibromtetrachlorethan ist ein effektiveres Reagenz als Triphenylphosphin/Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zur Dehydratisierung von Formamiden, Amiden, Oximen und Harnstoffen.
[Late phase II study of MST-16 (sobuzoxane) efficacy for malignant lymphoma]. (1992)

A late phase II study with MST-16 for malignant lymphoma was performed with the collaboration of 11 institutions belonging to the Hanshin Hematological Disease Treatment Research Group. Out of a total 40 patients entered into the study, 37 cases (33 of NHL and 4 HD) were evaluated for efficacy and 27 cases for side effects. The response rate was 29.7% (2 cases of CR and 9 PR). The factors affecting response rate were histological classification, phenotype of tumor cell surface and stage of disease. Bone marrow suppression and G-I disorders were the main toxicities observed, but they disappeared by the cessation of MST-16 treatment.
Use of MRI for Lobar Classification of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Potential Phenotypic Biomarkers for Research on Treatment Strategies (2015)

Six patterns of BPH distribution were identified. Illustrations are provided for each classification type.
The Roche European American Cataract Trial (REACT): A randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an oral antioxidant micronutrient mixture to slow progression of age-related cataract (2002)

Daily use of the afore-mentioned micronutrients for three years produced a small deceleration in progression of ARC.
Transverse shock wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnetics (2002)

The action of transverse shock waves (the shock wave propagates across the magnetization vector M) on the magnetic phase state of a Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnetic was investigated experimentally. The design of the ferromagnetic sample, which was made as a hollow cylinder, has made it possible to dramatically reduce the amount of the explosive that initiates a transverse shock wave in Nd2Fe14B to 1.0 g (for Nd2Fe14B samples weighing 67.5 g). The results of the experiment have shown that the transverse shock wave propagating through Nd2Fe14B causes “hard ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic” phase transformation terminating by practically complete demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B. Pulse generators based on the transverse shock wave demagnetization of hollow cylindrical Nd2Fe14B samples with diameter of 25.4 mm and length of 19.1 mm are capable of producing high-voltage pulses [peak voltage of 11.3 kV, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.5 μs] and high-current pulses (peak current of 1.93 kA, FWHM of 100 μs, peak power of 27.0 kW). The effect of transverse shock wave demagnetization of high-energy hard ferromagnetic, Nd2Fe14B, was detected.
Preparation and Applications of a Novel Bis(tributylstannyl)cyclopropane: A Synthetic Equivalent of a Cyclopropane‐1,2‐dianion. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Temperature measurements made with a combined Rayleigh–Mie and Raman lidar (1997)

The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center stratospheric ozone lidar system has the capability of collecting both Rayleigh -Mie and Raman backscatter data simultaneously at a number of wavelengths. Here we report on an improved method by which temperature can be derived from a combination of the Rayleigh -Mie return at 351-nm lidar channels and the Raman nitrogen return at 382-nm lidar channels. We also examine some common techniques by which temperatures are retrieved from lidar data. Finally, we show results obtained in 1995 during two Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change intercomparison campaigns at Lauder, New Zealand and Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Courses with Lime (1995)

This handbook provides a reference on the state of the art in lime stabilization of subgrade soils, subbases and base courses used primarily in roadway and airfield construction. The handbook is designed to provide a comprehensive though not exhaustive reference on (1) mechanisms of reaction between lime and soil; (2) mixture design; (3) engineering properties derived as a result of lime stabilization of soils and aggregates; (4) pavement thickness design considerations; (5) construction and quality control considerations; and (6) life cycle cost considerations.
Proteinuric Nephropathy in Acquired and Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy: Baseline Characteristics and Course during Recombinant Leptin Therapy (2004)

Generalized lipodystrophy is characterized by adipose tissue absence, hypoleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, hepatomegaly, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In the course of recruiting patients for treatment with recombinant leptin, we were struck by the frequency and severity of proteinuria. We evaluated 25 patients with generalized lipodystrophy. Eighteen were treated with recombinant leptin, and we have followed 15 on leptin for 4–36 months. We followed renal parameters at baseline and during follow-up visits. Renal biopsies were performed as clinically indicated. At baseline, 22 of 25 patients (88%) had elevated urine albumin excretion (>30 mg/24 h), 15 (60%) had macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/24 h), and five (20%) had nephrotic-range proteinuria (>3500 mg/24 h). Twenty-three (92%) had elevated creatinine clearance (>125 ml/min·1.73 m2). Eleven of 15 patients (73%) treated with recombinant leptin exhibited reduction in proteinuria, associated with reduction of hyperfiltration. Four patients who did not improve are discussed individually. Renal biopsy findings were remarkable for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in four patients, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in two patients, and diabetic nephropathy in one patient. In conclusion, generalized lipodystrophy is associated with proteinuria and unique renal pathologies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The majority treated with recombinant leptin demonstrated reduction in proteinuria and hyperfiltration.
Mobility and Terrain-aware Data Delivery in Urban Vehicular Networks (2019)

Collecting and disseminating the sensing data in a large smart city is quite challenging, and vehicles moving in the city would be a good candidate to accomplish this task effectively. Hence, this paper proposes a novel data delivery algorithm in urban vehicular networks that determines data forwarding and buffer management strategies according to the mobility pattern of vehicles and city terrain. Extensive evaluations have been executed based on a real taxi mobility data set that is obtained from a smart city testbed deployed in Tokyo, Japan. The results have validated that, compared with the state-of-art algorithms, our proposal can achieve better success ratio of data delivery with less data transmission overhead in vehicular networks.
The DigitalTwin from an Artificial Intelligence Perspective (2020)

Services for Cyber-Physical Systems based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning require a virtual representation of the physical. To reduce modeling efforts and to synchronize results, for each system, a common and unique virtual representation used by all services during the whole system life-cycle is needed, i.e. a DigitalTwin. In this paper such a DigitalTwin, namely the AI reference model AITwin, is defined. This reference model is verified by using a running example from process industry and by analyzing the work done in recent projects.
Computational superposition projector for extended depth of field and field of view (2013)

This Letter describes a projection system with extended depth of field (DOF) and field of view (FOV). In the proposed system, an input image is projected with varying focusing distances and optical axis directions, and the projected images are superposed on a three-dimensional screen to realize a three-dimensionally space-invariant point spread function (PSF). A target image is deconvolved, and the result is used as the input image before projection by using the superposed PSF to generate a sharp output image on the screen. This concept for extended-DOF and -FOV projection was demonstrated experimentally.
[Voluntary sterilization in France and in developed countries]. (1998)

This work assesses legislation and practice regarding voluntary sterilization in France and worldwide separately examines conditions in developed countries and reviews recent developments in France. Voluntary sterilization is believed to be the worlds most widely used contraceptive method. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 1975 adopted a resolution approved by France recommending that surgical sterilization be made available as a medical service. The resolution was not obligatory but contributed to changing attitudes even in majority Catholic countries. The European countries approached sterilization in different ways. Some abolished restrictive legislation and replaced it with permissive laws others modified their medical codes. Some made the change on the recommendation of their academies of medicine or their supreme court. In France the juridical status of voluntary sterilization remains ambiguous. No law authorizes voluntary sterilization but no law explicitly prohibits it. There have been no criminal convictions involving performance of sterilization for 60 years. The practice of voluntary sterilization has increased greatly in the past 2 decades and the only judicial decisions have involved civil cases in which damages were sought after female sterilization failure resulting in pregnancy. The National Council of the Order of Physicians has ceased opposing sterilization for purely contraceptive indications. Over 30000 tubal ligations occur annually. Legislation is needed to remove any remaining legal threat to practitioners.
Multidrug resistance: a transport system of antitumor agents and xenobiotics. (1990)

Resistance of tumors to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents presents a major problem in cancer treatment. Resistance to such agents as doxorubicin, Vinca alkaloids, and actinomycin D can be acquired by tumor cells after treatment with a single drug. The gene responsible for multidrug resistance, termed mdr1, encodes a membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) that acts as a pump to transport various cytotoxic agents including various xenobiotics out of the cell. The amount of P-glycoprotein expression has been measured in tumor samples and was found to be elevated in intrinsically drug-resistant cancers of the colon, kidney, and adrenal as well as in some tumors that acquired drug resistance after chemotherapy. The protein was also found to be elevated in cells treated with xenobiotics. P-glycoprotein has been shown to bind anticancer drugs and several resistance-reversing agents including calcium channel blockers, and to be an ATPase. We recently reconstituted the purified P-glycoprotein into artificial liposomes. Reconstituted P-glycoprotein showed ATPase activity, ATP-dependent drug-transport activity, and calcium channel blocker-binding activity. This model provides many advantages for studies of the biochemical functions of P-glycoprotein. In addition to these basic interests, the protein is of considerable interest as a target for cancer chemotherapy because it appears to be involved in both acquired multidrug resistance and intrinsic drug resistance in human cancer. The selective killing of tumor cells expressing P-glycoprotein could be very important in future cancer therapy.
Abstract MP094: Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Birth Outcomes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (2017)

Background: High fitness is related to inflammation, blood pressure (BP), and endothelial dysfunction, the pathways believed to be involved in the development of hypertension in pregnancy. High fitness may also protect against preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) deliveries, birth outcomes frequently associated with maternal vascular dysfunction. Hypothesis: Higher cardiorespiratory fitness in the years preceding pregnancy and childbirth is inversely associated with incident SGA and PTB. Methods: The CARDIA study is a prospective cohort study that encompasses child-bearing years. We studied 840 women who were nulliparous at baseline, reported ≥1 live birth(s) between the baseline and year 25 exam, and underwent a maximal treadmill exercise test at baseline. Number of births, gestational age for each birth, and birth weight were obtained by self-report at each exam. SGA was defined as birth weight &lt;10 th percentile for gestational age, and PTB was any birth that occurred before week 37 of pregnancy. We used Cox regression to determine hazard ratios for incident SGA and/or PTB. We adjusted for demographic and clinical co-variates at the exam immediately preceding the incident SGA/PTB or the 1 st birth for women who did not report SGA or PTB (Model 2). Results: Women who reported SGA (n=118) or PTB (n=185) were younger at baseline, completed fewer years of education, and were more likely to be black compared to women who did not report SGA/PTB (n=537). There was no difference in baseline BP or BMI between groups. Women without SGA/PTB had higher fitness than women with SGA/PTB; treadmill test duration was 541 s (95% CI: 529, 553 s) vs 500 s (95% CI: 483, 518 s). Treadmill test duration was inversely associated with time to SGA/PTB following adjustment (Table). Findings were similar by race. Conclusions: Higher cardiorespiratory fitness in the years preceding pregnancy and childbirth was associated with decreased risk of SGA/PTB. Achieving a higher fitness level in young adulthood may help protect against SGA and PTB.
Surface and cross–section characteristics and friction–wear properties of high velocity oxy fuel sprayed WC–12Co coating (2018)

Abstract A WC–12Co coating was sprayed on H13 hot work mould steel using a high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF). The surface and cross–section morphologies, chemical compositions, and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X–ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The friction–wear properties were investigated using a wear test, the wear mechanism of WC–12Co coating was also discussed. The results show that the WC–12Co coating primarily is composed of WC hard phase with high hardness and Co as a binder, which is evenly distributed on the coating surface, no atom–rich zones. There is no W 3 O phase appearing in the HVOF spraying, showing that the WC–12Co coating has high oxidation resistance, the new phases of W 2 C and C are produced due to the decarburization of WC. The coating thickness is ~200 μm, which is combined the substrate with the mechanical binding and local micro–metallurgical bonding. The average coefficient of friction (COF) of WC–12Co coating is 0.272, showing good friction performance, the wear mechanism is primarily abrasive wear, accompanied with fatigue wear.
Lubricin as a novel nanostructured protein coating to reduce fibroblast density (2014)

Excessive fibroblast adhesion and proliferation on the surface of medical implants (such as catheters, endotracheal tubes, intraocular lenses, etc) can lead to major postsurgical complications. This study showed that when coated on tissue culture polystyrene, lubricin, a nanostructured mucinous glycoprotein found in the synovial fluid of joints, decreased fibroblast density for up to 2 days of culture compared to controls treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). When examining why, similar antifibroblast density results were found when coating tissue culture polystyrene with bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), an even smaller protein closely related to the central subregion of lubricin. Additionally, results from this study demonstrated that in contrast to BSM or controls (PBS-coated and non-coated samples), lubricin was better at preserving the health of nonadherent or loosely adherent fibroblasts; fibroblasts that did not adhere or loosely adhered on the lubricin-coated tissue culture polystyrene adhered and proliferated well for up to an additional day when they were reseeded on uncoated tissue culture polystyrene. In summary, this study provides evidence for the promise of nanostructured lubricin (and to a lesser extent BSM) to inhibit fibroblast adhesion and growth when coated on medical devices; lubricin should be further explored for numerous medical device applications.
P2-02-09: TP53 Mutation Patterns in Breast Cancer Subgroups. (2011)

Abstract Tumor protein 53 (TP53) is the most commonly altered gene in human cancers. In breast cancers, TP53 is mutated in approximately 30% of all cases, but this frequency fluctuates widely within the different molecular subclasses. Different types of mutations may be observed, such as substitutions (replacement of a nucleotide pair by another one), or complex mutations (deletions or insertions of one or more nucleotides). Mutation types may reflect mechanism of DNA lesion or DNA repair deficiencies. Furthermore, mutations can give rise to different effects such as truncating mutations leading to loss of function, or missense mutations often leading to dominant negative activity. Those mutation effects can be advantageous in tumorigenesis and thus can be subject to selective pressure. Here we classified 572 breast tumors in three groups, according to microarray data: luminal, basal and molecular apocrine. TP53 status was assessed by a yeast-based functional assay (FASAY) and cDNA sequencing. We then assessed whether any feature of TP53 mutations would be preferentially associated to a specific subtype of breast cancer. - In term of TP53 mutation frequencies, as expected, lowest frequency was observed in luminal subgroup (26%) and highest in basal (90%) and molecular apocrine (70%). Notably, much higher rate of TP53 mutations occurred in luminal B subgroup (41%) than in luminal A one (17%), suggesting that TP53 may be an important feature in progression from luminal A to B. - In term of mutations types, luminal tumors showed high frequency of substitutions, while molecular apocrine and basal presented increased rate of deletions and insertions, reflecting probably increased rate of DNA breaks. This suggests that same mutational events may occur in basal and molecular apocrine tumors. - In term of mutation effects, we found high frequency of missense mutations in luminal tumors (notably AT to GC) and much higher rate of truncating mutations in basal tumors. These observations point to an existence of different selection pressure in each of them, such as a strong pressure for P53 mutations with potential dominant negative inhibition of P73/P63 (recently shown to favor invasion), in luminal tumors. Collectively, these results point not only to different mechanisms of P53 gene inactivation, but also different functional consequences among the different breast cancer subclasses. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-02-09.