gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear voltage-amplitude to pulse-width conversion utilizing a controlled unijunction monostable multivibrator (1968)

A circuit that achieves linear wide-range voltage-amplitude to pulse-width conversion is presented. The circuit combines a unijunction transistor operating in an inverted mode, a field- effect transistor, and an integrated circuit flip-flop to obtain highly linear conversion. Other advantages are low-ments, excellent interface characteristics, asynchronous operation, simplicity, and a wide range of pulse-width variation. The circuit operation is discussed, and major design equations are derived. In the experimental circuit that is included, linearity of conversion is within 0.5 percent of full scale pulse width. The pulse width is controllable over the range of 85 to 6 ms for a control voltage variation of 0 to 1.6 volts.
Brain-Derived Major Glycoproteins Are Possible Biomarkers for Altered Metabolism of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurological Diseases (2023)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in the homeostasis of the brain. We previously reported that CSF major glycoproteins are biosynthesized in the brain, i.e., lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) and transferrin isoforms carrying unique glycans. Although these glycoproteins are secreted from distinct cell types, their CSF levels have been found to be highly correlated with each other in cases of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to examine these marker levels and their correlations in other neurological diseases, such as depression and schizophrenia, and disorders featuring abnormal CSF metabolism, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Brain-derived marker levels were found to be highly correlated with each other in the CSF of depression and schizophrenia patients. SIH is caused by CSF leakage, which is suspected to induce hypovolemia and a compensatory increase in CSF production. In SIH, the brain-derived markers were 2-3-fold higher than in other diseases, and, regardless of their diverse levels, they were found to be correlated with each other. Another abnormality of the CSF metabolism, iNPH, is possibly caused by the reduced absorption of CSF, which secondarily induces CSF accumulation in the ventricle; the excess CSF compresses the brain's parenchyma to induce dementia. One potential treatment is a "shunt operation" to bypass excess CSF from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity, leading to the attenuation of dementia. After the shunt operation, marker levels began to increase within a week and then further increased by 2-2.5-fold at three, six, and twelve months post-operation, at which point symptoms had gradually attenuated. Notably, the marker levels were found to be correlated with each other in the post-operative period. In conclusion, the brain-derived major glycoprotein markers were highly correlated in the CSF of patients with different neurological diseases, and their correlations were maintained even after surgical intervention. These results suggest that brain-derived proteins could be biomarkers of CSF production.
Pharmacokinetics of Quinotolast Sodium in the Elderly. (1993)

The pharmacokinetics of quinotolast sodium, a new anti-allergic drug, were studied in six elderly and six young healthy male volunteers after single oral dosing with 5mg of the drug. The mean maximum plasma concentration of unchanged drug increased significantly from 171ng/ml in the young to 284ng/ml in the elderly volunteers. However, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, elimination half-life and apparent oral clearance did not differ between the two groups and were as follows : 1.7 and 1.5hours ; 1399 and 1293ng·hr/ml ; 9.2 and 8.1 hours ; 57.0 and 61.5ml/min in the elderly and young, respectively. Quinotolast was hardly excreted unchanged in the urine, while 16.7 and 20.3% of the given dose were excreted in the urine as its glucuronide and hydroxy metabolite, respectively, in the elderly, and 20.6 and 26.5%, respectively, in the young. The urinary excretion of glucuronide in the elderly did not differ from that in the young, but hydroxy metabolite was significantly reduced in the elderly. The results of this study suggest that although possible reduction in the metabolism of hydroxylation or reduction in absorption might occur in the elderly, such a reduction was slight and would not affect the overall plasma concentration of unchanged drug.
Professional Java User Interfaces (2006)

Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1 Putting GUI Development into Context. 2 Introduction to User Interface Design. 3 Java GUI Design. 4 Recurring User Interface Designs. 5 Iterative GUI Development with Java. 6 Implementation Issues. 7 Code Organization. 8 Form-Based Rich Clients. 9 Web-Based User Interfaces. 10 J2ME User Interfaces. 11 Java Tools and Technologies. 12 Advanced Issues. 13 Rich Client Platforms. 14 The Personal Portfolio Application. 15 An Example OO User Interface. 16 An Example Ad-Hoc Component. A A Questionnaire for Evaluating Java User Interfaces. B A Questionnaire for Evaluating J2ME Applications. References. General advice on usability and GUI design. Java-specific links. Index.
Hypotensive Methoxyisoquinolines (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypotensive MethoxyisoquinolinesGordon N. WalkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 15, 3999–4003Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01644a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01644a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dispersion-driven instability of mixed convective flow in porous media (2017)

This paper investigates the impact of hydrodynamic dispersion on the stability of free convection in a saturated horizontal porous layer subject to a transient vertical concentration gradient and a steady horizontal background flow. A linear stability analysis (LSA) was conducted using the quasi-steady-state approximation to obtain neutral stability curves, critical times, and the corresponding wavenumbers as a function of dispersivity ratio (α) and longitudinal dispersion strength (β). The LSA results showed that the dispersive boundary layer becomes less unstable as longitudinal and transverse dispersivity increase. In addition, for the isotropic dispersive system with α = 1, the critical time and its corresponding wavenumber follow τc = 167.6/(1 − β) and κc = 0.0696 (1 − β), respectively. The nonlinear dynamics of the system were studied by examining the interaction of convective fingers, dissolution flux, and the time-dependent Sherwood number. Finally, the results were applied to 24 deep saline aquifers in the Alberta Basin.
Methodology of Drought Stress Research: Experimental Setup and Physiological Characterization (2018)

Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth and development of plants. In this context, drought-related losses of crop plant productivity impede sustainable agriculture all over the world. In general, plants respond to water deficits by multiple physiological and metabolic adaptations at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels. To understand the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, adequate stress models and arrays of reliable stress markers are required. Therefore, in this review we comprehensively address currently available models of drought stress, based on culturing plants in soil, hydroponically, or in agar culture, and critically discuss advantages and limitations of each design. We also address the methodology of drought stress characterization and discuss it in the context of real experimental approaches. Further, we highlight the trends of methodological developments in drought stress research, i.e., complementing conventional tests with quantification of phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), measuring antioxidant enzyme activities, and comprehensively profiling transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome.
Time-Resolved Reversal of Spin-Transfer Switching in a Nanomagnet (2004)

Time-resolved measurements of spin-transfer-induced (STI) magnetization reversal were made in current-perpendicular spin-valve nanomagnetic junctions subject to a pulsed current bias. These results can be understood within the framework of a Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation that includes STI corrections and a Langevin random field for finite temperature. Comparison of these measurements with model calculations demonstrates that spin-transfer induced excitation is responsible for the observed magnetic reversal in these samples.
Regional Ecological Security Assessment: A Case Study of Tongling City, (2015)

The focus of this study is to assess regional ecological security, based on a method of combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation and the ecosystem services evaluation of Tongling City, China. This approach may reduce the possible errors caused by basing the assessment on only one of these two evaluation methods. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and rectified ESV (Ecosystem Services Value) methods were employed in this study with the support of SPSS, RS and ARCGIS. The study showed the following results: the ecological sensitive area is mainly located among the wetland concentrated areas along the river in the north and the forested and green spaces within and around the city, and the area with the highest value is the mountainous areas in the south; the northern wetland area along the river and the southern forested mountain area have high ecosystem services value. Finally, the study identified the ecologically fragile and important services areas, and offered a reliable reference for Tongling’s ecological protection and urban growth decisions by dividing the ecological security evaluation areas into areas with low, mid and high ecological security levels.
Phonetic speaker recognition (2001)

This paper introduces a novel language-independent speaker-recognition system based on differences in dynamic realization of phonetic features (i.e., pronunciation) between speakers rather than spectral differences in voice quality. The system exploits phonetic information from six languages to perform text independent speaker recognition. All experiments were performed on the NIST 2001 Speaker Recognition Evaluation Extended Data Task. Recognition results are provided for unigram, bigram, and trigram models. Performance for each of the three models is examined for phones from each individual language and the final multilanguage fused system. Additional fusion experiments demonstrate that speaker recognition capability is maintained even without phonetic information in the language of the speaker.
52.3: Development of Back‐channel‐etched TFT Using C‐Axis Aligned Crystalline In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide (2013)

Abstract We have fabricated a back‐channel‐etched TFT using the CAAC‐IGZO film that we developed. As a factor of success in manufacturing stable back‐channel‐etched TFTs, it is considered that CAAC‐IGZO has a strong structure because of its crystallinity. For verification, we have compared the cohesive energy of c‐IGZO and that of a‐IGZO.
Development of Coaching Support for LiveWell: A Smartphone-Based Self-Management Intervention for Bipolar Disorder (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> Despite effective pharmacological treatment, bipolar disorder is a leading cause of disability due to recurrence of episodes, long episode durations, and persistence of interepisode symptoms. While adding psychotherapy to pharmacotherapy improves outcomes, the availability of adjunctive psychotherapy is limited. To extend the accessibility and functionality of psychotherapy for bipolar disorder, we developed LiveWell, a smartphone-based self-management intervention. Unfortunately, many mental health technology interventions suffer from high attrition rates, with users rapidly failing to maintain engagement with the intervention technology. Human support reduces this commonly observed engagement problem but does not consistently improve clinical and recovery outcomes. To facilitate ongoing efforts to develop human support for digital mental health technologies, this paper describes the design decisions, theoretical framework, content, mode, timing of delivery, and the training and supervision for coaching support of the LiveWell technology. This support includes clearly defined and structured roles that aim to encourage the use of the technology, self-management strategies, and communication with care providers. A clear division of labor is established between the coaching support roles and the intervention technology to allow lay personnel to serve as coaches and thereby maximize accessibility to the LiveWell intervention. </sec>
A Multi-mode LDPC Decoder for IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX (2012)

This paper describes a multi-mode LDPC decoder which supports 19 block lengths and 6 code rates of Quasi-Cyclic LDPC code for Mobile WiMAX system. To achieve an efficient implementation of 114 operation modes, some design optimizations are considered including block-serial layered decoding scheme, a memory reduction technique based on the min-sum decoding algorithm and a novel method for generating the cyclic shift values of parity check matrix. From fixed-point simulations, decoding performance and optimal hardware parameters are analyzed. The designed LDPC decoder is verified by FPGA implementation, and synthesized with a 0.18-㎛ CMOS cell library. It has 380,000 gates and 52,992 bits RAM, and the estimated throughput is about 164 ~ 222 Mbps at 56 ㎒@1.8 V
Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(amide urea)s, materials with outstanding mechanical properties (2007)

Abstract Four novel A‐B condensation monomers containing an amine and a carboxylic acid function are described, along with their polymerization to give main chain aromatic poly(amide urea)s. The monomers, and the polymer structural unit, are N , N ′‐diphenylurea derivatives. When comparing wholly aromatic polyamides, or aramids, with the poly(amide urea)s described herein, we find that the chemical resistance to hydrolysis of the later polymers increases and their thermal resistance is diminished due to the main chain urea groups, whereas their water uptake is not greatly modified. The most striking result of the new poly(amide urea)s is their outstanding mechanical resistance: their Young's modulus rises as high as 5.5 GPa and their tensile strengths as high as 170 MPa for unoriented films prepared at laboratory scale by casting. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5398–5407, 2007
Enhanced performance of long range Brillouin intensity based temperature sensors using remote Raman amplification (2004)

We report on the use of remote Raman amplification to improve the accuracy of spontaneous Brillouin measurements for long range distributed sensor applications. The enhancement of the signal to noise was demonstrated in a long range distributed temperature sensor exploiting the temperature dependence of the spontaneous Brillouin backscattered signal. A temperature resolution of 8 °C and a spatial resolution of 20 m were obtained at a sensing range of 100 km. The Brillouin signal was averaged 2&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt; times.
Moving Target Tracking of Extended Nonholonomic Chained-Form Systems via Finite-Time Switching Control (2018)

A finite-time switching control scheme is presented for tracking a practical moving target of extended nonholonomic chained-form systems. Firstly, a dynamic output tracking error model is proposed combining moving target and extended nonholonomic chained-form systems. Secondly, two decoupled subsystems are considered for the tracking error systems, based on which the rigorous convergence and stability analysis are proposed by applying the finite-time stability control theory and switching design methods. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed finite-time switching control approach is performed according to the further simulation results.
Striatal GPR88 expression is confined to the whole projection neuron population and is regulated by dopaminergic and glutamatergic afferents (2009)

GPR88, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, was designated Strg/GPR88 for striatum-specific G protein-coupled receptor (K. Mizushima et al. (2000)Genomics, 69, 314-321). In this study, we focused on striatal GPR88 protein localization using a polyclonal antibody. We established that the distribution of immunoreactivity in rat brain matched that of GPR88 transcripts and provided evidence for its exclusive neuronal expression. GPR88 protein is abundant throughout the striatum of rat and primate, with expression limited to the two subsets of striatal projection medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing preprotachykinin-substance P or preproenkephalin mRNAs. Ultrastructural immunolabelling revealed the GPR88 concentration at post-synaptic sites along the somatodendritic compartments of MSNs, with pronounced preference for dendrites and dendritic spines. The GPR88-rich expression, in both striatal output pathways, designates this receptor as a potential therapeutic target for diseases involving dysfunction of the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson's disease. Hence, we investigated changes of GPR88 expression in a model of Parkinson's disease (unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats) following repeated L-DOPA treatment. In dopamine-depleted striatum, GPR88 expression was differentially regulated, i.e. decreased in striatopallidal and increased in striatonigral MSNs. L-DOPA treatment led to a normalization of GPR88 levels through dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-mediated mechanisms in striatopallidal and striatonigral MSNs, respectively. Moreover, the removal of corticostriatal inputs, by ibotenate infusion, downregulated GPR88 in striatopallidal MSNs. These findings provide the first evidence that GPR88 is confined to striatal MSNs and indicate that L-DOPA-mediated behavioural effects in hemiparkinsonian rats may involve normalization of striatal GPR88 levels probably through dopamine receptor-mediated mechanisms and modulations of corticostriatal pathway activity.
Immune Humanization of Immunodeficient Mice Using Diagnostic Bone Marrow Aspirates from Carcinoma Patients (2014)

Tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice, while routinely used in cancer research, preclude studying interactions of immune and cancer cells or, if humanized by allogeneic immune cells, are of limited use for tumor-immunological questions. Here, we explore a novel way to generate cancer models with an autologous humanized immune system. We demonstrate that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from bone marrow aspirates of non-metastasized carcinoma patients, which are taken at specialized centers for diagnostic purposes, can be used to generate a human immune system in NOD-scid IL2rγ(null) (NSG) and HLA-I expressing NSG mice (NSG-HLA-A2/HHD) comprising both, lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages. Using NSG-HLA-A2/HHD mice, we show that responsive and self-tolerant human T cells develop and human antigen presenting cells can activate human T cells. As critical factors we identified the low potential of bone marrow HSPCs to engraft, generally low HSPC numbers in patient-derived bone marrow samples, cryopreservation and routes of cell administration. We provide here an optimized protocol that uses a minimum number of HSPCs, preselects high-quality bone marrow samples defined by the number of initially isolated leukocytes and intra-femoral or intra-venous injection. In conclusion, the use of diagnostic bone marrow aspirates from non-metastasized carcinoma patients for the immunological humanization of immunodeficient mice is feasible and opens the chance for individualized analyses of anti-tumoral T cell responses.
Technological solutions for encapsulation (2017)

Abstract Encapsulation offers broad scope of applications. It can be used to deliver almost everything from advanced drugs to unique consumer sensory experiences; it could be also employed as a protection system or a sensing material. This cutting-edge technology undergoes rapid growth in both academic and industrial conditions. Research in this matter is continuing to find a new application of microcapsules as well as to improve the methods of their fabrication. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the art of the encapsulation technology to provide the readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of up-to-day development of microcapsule preparation methods. Our goal is to help identify the major encapsulation processes and by doing so maximize the potential value of ongoing research efforts.
Evaluation of the Femoral Artery IMT as a Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Disease (2019)

The carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis that can predict the association of cardiovascular disease. Despite this, there have been few studies on the femoral artery IMT. This study examined the correlation between the carotid and femoral IMT. The findings suggest that both the carotid and femoral IMT need to be measured for a proper evaluation of early arterial disease. Methods: This retrospective study included 39 patients who underwent carotid artery duplex, lower extremity duplex, and coronary artery angiography or CT for a health checkup in the authors' health promotion center from January 2015 to December 2017. The carotid and femoral IMT were measured at three places from bifurcation using B-mode. The coronary artery disease (CAD), carotid artery stenosis (CAS), and peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAD) were defined by stenosis over 50% in duplex and CT angiogram. The maximum and sum of the IMT in both the arterial disease group and no arterial disease group were compared.
Polycystic liver in the adult (PLA) in Spain: analysis of a structured survey analyzing the experience and attitude of gastroenterologists in Spain. (2014)

Ultrasound is the diagnosing and monitoring method of choice. Among the clinics using pharmacotherapy for symptomatic management, somatostatin analogues were the drugs of choice. These clinics´ infrequent use of invasive procedures suggests that they perceive the various invasive techniques as not very effective.