gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum tilt angle of solar collectors and its impact on performance (2003)

SYNOPSIS A solar collector collects maximum energy when solar radiation strikes its surface at a vertical angle of incidence. This leads to the concept of optimum tilt angle. This paper presents a novel and general calculation method of optimum tilt angle of solar collectors by means of a clear-day solar radiation model. The model includes optimum tilt angle as a yearly average, a half-yearly average for the summer months, and a half-yearly average for the winter months. Only longitude, altitude and nature of climate of any location are required as input parameters. Optimum tilt angles for 23 world cities are presented to illustrate the model. The model compares the impact of optimum tilt angle on the collection of solar radiation energy with that of the tilt angles commonly used. It was found that the tilt angle of solar collector equals optimum tilt angle ± 10° at a location is acceptable in practice since it results in the relative error of solar energy gain below 1.5%.
Method based on least document frequency for text feature extraction (2012)

Conventional methods of text feature extraction are inadequate at distribution quantification, which to a large extent affects the efficiency of classification. Aiming at this problem, a scheme of Least Document Frequency (LDF)is proposed, which can quantify the concentration and dispersion among feature classes through LDF, thus can reflect the characteristics of the distribution more accurately. Through experiments, TF-LDF algorithm can ac- quire a better result.
Characterization of L1-norm statistic for anomaly detection in Erdős Rényi graphs (2016)

We describe a test statistic based on the L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> -norm of the eigenvectors of a modularity matrix to detect the presence of an embedded Erdös Rényi (ER) subgraph inside a larger ER random graph. An embedded subgraph may model a hidden community in a large network such as a social network or a computer network. We make use of the properties of the asymptotic distribution of eigenvectors of random graphs to derive the distribution of the test statistic under certain conditions on the subgraph size and edge probabilities. We show that the distributions differ sufficiently for well defined ranges of subgraph sizes and edge probabilities of the background graph and the subgraph. This method can have applications where it is sufficient to know whether there is an anomaly in a given graph without the need to infer its location. The results we derive on the distribution of the components of the eigenvector may also be useful to detect the subgraph nodes.
Transcutaneous Spinal Neuromodulation Reorganizes Neural Networks in Patients with Cerebral Palsy (2021)

Spinal neuromodulation and activity-based rehabilitation triggers neural network reorganization and enhances sensory-motor performances involving the lower limbs, the trunk, and the upper limbs. This study reports the acute effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Cord Neuromodulation (SCONE™, SpineX Inc.) on 12 individuals (ages 2 to 50) diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) with Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels ranging from I to V. Acute spinal neuromodulation improved the postural and locomotor abilities in 11 out of the 12 patients including the ability to generate bilateral weight bearing stepping in a 2-year-old (GMFCS level IV) who was unable to step. In addition, we observed independent head-control and weight bearing standing with stimulation in a 10-year-old and a 4-year old (GMFCS level V) who were unable to hold their head up or stand without support in the absence of stimulation. All patients significantly improved in coordination of flexor and extensor motor pools and inter and intralimb joint angles while stepping on a treadmill. While it is assumed that the etiologies of the disruptive functions of CP are associated with an injury to the supraspinal networks, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that spinal neuromodulation and functionally focused activity-based therapies can form a functionally improved chronic state of reorganization of the spinal-supraspinal connectivity. We further suggest that the level of reorganization of spinal-supraspinal connectivity with neuromodulation contributed to improved locomotion by improving the coordination patterns of flexor and extensor muscles by modulating the amplitude and firing patterns of EMG burst during stepping.
A reconfigurable macro-pipelined systolic accelerator architecture (2011)

In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable macro-pipelined systolic architecture (MAPS), which aims to accelerate multiply-accumulate based algorithms by exploiting the temporal parallelism. To illustrate the performance, we implement a 32-PE accelerator on the Xilinx ML605 experiment board for the matrix multiplication and get a peak performance of 51.2 GFLOPS (about 8.0 GFLOPS per PE per GHz). To demonstrate the generality for different algorithms, the 2-dimensional convolution is also implemented on the MAPS. Moreover, the proposed MAPS architecture has the excellent scalability, which is able to scale up to hundreds of GFLOPS using multiple FPGA devices.
Simplified All‐Solid‐State WO3 Based Electrochromic Devices on Single Substrate: Toward Large Area, Low Voltage, High Contrast, and Fast Switching Dynamics (2020)

Abstract Electrochromic devices (ECDs) represent one of the most promising energy saving and solar control technology for the market of energy‐efficient building and optoelectronic devices. A continuous and intense effort is currently devoted to the development of effective solid‐state ECDs and their integration in multifunctional systems, such as photoelectrochromics. Here, the fabrication of simplified all‐solid‐state WO 3 based ECDs on single‐substrate is reported, demonstrating how the rational design of highly interconnected WO 3 columnar nanostructures with Nafion polymer matrix remarkably decreases the charge transport barrier at the hybrid electrolyte/electrochromic interface (EEI), thus determining an impressive improvement of overall device performances. The soft polymer substrate of the electrolyte plays a key role on the formation of WO 3 pillar‐like structures and on the increase of interfacial contact area by affecting the vacuum‐deposition WO 3 growth. Apart from providing higher transmittance in bleached state, the resulting device, entirely manufactured at room temperature by bottom‐up process, exhibits lower activation voltages (0.5–3 V) and faster switching kinetics (5–10 s) compared with monolithic ECDs based on both bulk and mesoporous WO 3 films. Furthermore, the enhanced EEI enables the scale‐up on large area and flexible substrate ensuring simultaneously a wide optical contrast (Δ T = 70%), and high coloration efficiency.
Energy-Efficient Flow Scheduling and Routing with Hard Deadlines in Data Center Networks (2014)

The power consumption of enormous network devices in data centers has emerged as a big concern to data center operators. Despite many traffic-engineering-based solutions, very little attention has been paid on performance-guaranteed energy saving schemes. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-saving model for data center networks by scheduling and routing "deadline-constrained flows" where the transmission of every flow has to be accomplished before a rigorous deadline, being the most critical requirement in production data center networks. Based on speed scaling and power-down energy saving strategies for network devices, we aim to explore the most energy efficient way of scheduling and routing flows on the network, as well as determining the transmission speed for every flow. We consider two general versions of the problem. For the version of only flow scheduling where routes of flows are pre-given, we show that it can be solved polynomially and we develop an optimal combinatorial algorithm for it. For the version of joint flow scheduling and routing, we prove that it is strongly NP-hard and cannot have a Fully Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) unless P=NP. Based on a relaxation and randomized rounding technique, we provide an efficient approximation algorithm which can guarantee a provable performance ratio with respect to a polynomial of the total number of flows.
Massive accumulation of luminal protease-deficient axonal lysosomes at Alzheimer’s disease amyloid plaques (2015)

Through a comprehensive analysis of organellar markers in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, we document a massive accumulation of lysosome-like organelles at amyloid plaques and establish that the majority of these organelles reside within swollen axons that contact the amyloid deposits. This close spatial relationship between axonal lysosome accumulation and extracellular amyloid aggregates was observed from the earliest stages of β-amyloid deposition. Notably, we discovered that lysosomes that accumulate in such axons are lacking in multiple soluble luminal proteases and thus are predicted to be unable to efficiently degrade proteinaceous cargos. Of relevance to Alzheimer's disease, β-secretase (BACE1), the protein that initiates amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein and which is a substrate for these proteases, builds up at these sites. Furthermore, through a comparison between the axonal lysosome accumulations at amyloid plaques and neuronal lysosomes of the wild-type brain, we identified a similar, naturally occurring population of lysosome-like organelles in neuronal processes that is also defined by its low luminal protease content. In conjunction with emerging evidence that the lysosomal maturation of endosomes and autophagosomes is coupled to their retrograde transport, our results suggest that extracellular β-amyloid deposits cause a local impairment in the retrograde axonal transport of lysosome precursors, leading to their accumulation and a blockade in their further maturation. This study both advances understanding of Alzheimer's disease brain pathology and provides new insights into the subcellular organization of neuronal lysosomes that may have broader relevance to other neurodegenerative diseases with a lysosomal component to their pathology.
Pixel-Based Geometric Assessment of Channel Networks/Orders Derived from Global Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models (2019)

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) contribute to geomorphological and hydrological applications. DEMs can be derived using different remote sensing-based datasets, such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) (e.g., Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEMs). In addition, there is also the Digital Surface Model (DSM) derived from optical tri-stereo ALOS Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) imagery. In this study, we evaluated satellite-based DEMs, SRTM (Global) GL1 DEM V003 28.5 m, ALOS DSM 28.5 m, and PALSAR DEMs 12.5 m and 28.5 m, and their derived channel networks/orders. We carried out these assessments using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and their derived channel networks and Strahler orders as reference datasets at comparable spatial resolutions. We introduced a pixel-based method for the quantitative horizontal evaluation of the channel networks and Strahler orders derived from global DEMs utilizing confusion matrices at different flow accumulation area thresholds (ATs) and pixel buffer tolerance values (PBTVs) in both ±X and ±Y directions. A new Python toolbox for ArcGIS was developed to automate the introduced method. A set of evaluation metrics—(i) producer accuracy (PA), (ii) user accuracy (UA), (iii) F-score (F), and (iv) Cohen’s kappa index (KI)—were computed to evaluate the accuracy of the horizontal matching between channel networks/orders extracted from global DEMs and those derived from LiDAR DTMs and DSMs. PALSAR DEM 12.5 m ranked first among the other global DEMs with the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and mean difference (MD) values of 4.57 m and 0.78 m, respectively, when compared to the LiDAR DTM 12.5 m. The ALOS DSM 28.5 m had the highest vertical accuracy with the lowest recorded RMSE and MD values of 4.01 m and −0.29 m, respectively, when compared to the LiDAR DSM 28.5 m. PALSAR DEM 12.5 m and ALOS DSM 28.5 m-derived channel networks/orders yielded the highest horizontal accuracy when compared to those delineated from LiDAR DTM 12.5 m and LiDAR DSM 28.5 m, respectively. The number of unmatched channels decreased when the PBTV increased from 0 to 3 pixels using different ATs.
Compositional Dataflow Circuits (2019)

We present a technique for implementing dataflow networks as compositional hardware circuits. We first define an abstract dataflow model with unbounded buffers that supports data-dependent blocks (mux, demux, and nondeterministic merge); we then show how to faithfully implement such networks with bounded buffers and handshaking. Handshaking admits compositionality: our circuits can be connected with or without buffers, and combinational cycles arise only from a completely unbuffered cycle. While bounding buffer sizes can cause the system to deadlock prematurely, the system is guaranteed to produce the same, correct, data before then. Thus, unless the system deadlocks, inserting or removing buffers only affects its performance. We demonstrate how this enables design space to be explored.
Infrared Detection and Geolocation of Gunfire and Ordnance Events from Ground and Air Platforms (2004)

The Naval Research Laboratory and Maryland Advanced Development Laboratory (MADL) have worked on the detection of small arms gunfire using land-based systems and on detection of larger ordnance using airborne-based systems. The primary detection mechanism is the sensing of the muzzle flash in the Mid-Wave Infrared (3-5 um band). Improvements in algorithms and sensors have enabled real-time detection from wide angle cameras without loss of range performance. Shooting events are detected beyond the effective firing ranges of the weapons and with low false alarms. Post-detection imaging of shooters/snipers has been validated for day and night operations. The utility of these sensors is amplified by linking the data to other friendly forces. Network hardware and data protocols have been developed that permit the transmission of the sensor data at both local levels and to remote command stations in real time. This research in ordnance detection is being extended with the development of Gunfire Detection and Location units mounted on HMMWVs. This effort will provide these Operational Experimentation Articles for small-arms muzzle blast detection together with EO/IR/Acoustic adjuncts to enable warfighters to rapidly validate gunfire events and to properly engage enemy shooters. Day and night cameras as well as lasers are mounted on a commanded gimbal. This configuration provides 24-hour situational awareness to the operator when not engaged in gunfire detection and location. The operational experimentation will aid in the development of new CONOPS (concept of operations) for the warfighter. The system's capability to link hostile positions to other sensors and/or weapons enables a very rapid response to the counter the enemy. Further work in airborne detection and advanced systems is planned.
A new route to acrylate oils: Crosslinking and properties of acrylate triglycerides from high oleic sunflower oil (2009)

Abstract Triglycerides with acrylate functionality were prepared from a new route that involves the singlet oxygen photooxygenation of high oleic sunflower oil and further reduction of the resulting hydroperoxide derivatives to a mixture of secondary allylic alcohols. These unsaturated alcohols can be further reduced to saturated alcohols. These two new hydroxyl‐containing triglycerides were functionalized as acrylate esters and radically crosslinked in presence of different amounts of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate. The crosslinking reactions were followed by FTIR spectroscopy and the thermal properties of the final materials were evaluated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1159–1167, 2009
Redirected Walking in Irregularly Shaped Physical Environments with Dynamic Obstacles (2018)

Redirected walking (RDW) is a virtual reality (VR) locomotion technique that enables the exploration of a large virtual environment (VE) within a small physical space via real walking. Thus far, the physical environment has generally been assumed to be rectangular, static, and free of obstacles. However, it is unlikely that real-world locations that may be used for VR fulfill these constraints. In addition, accounting for dynamic obstacles such as people helps increase user safety when the view of the physical world is occluded by a head-mounted display. In this work, we present the design and initial implementation of a RDW planning algorithm that can redirect the user in an irregularly shaped physical environment with dynamically moving obstacles. This represents an important step towards the use of RDW in more dynamic, real-world environments.
Cell and Fiber Attachment to Demineralized Dentin from Normal Root Surfaces (1985)

The study assessed connective tissue and epithelial responses to dentin specimens (obtained from normal roots of human teeth) after surface demineralization. Rectangular dental specimens with opposite faces of root and pulpal dentin were prepared from beneath root surfaces covered by periodontal ligament. One-half of the specimens were treated with citric acid, pH 1, for 3 minutes, while the remainder served as untreated control specimens. Specimens were implanted vertically into incisional wounds on the dorsal surface of rats with one end of the implant protruding through the skin. Four specimens in each group were available 1, 3, 5 and 10 days after implantation. Histologic and histometric analyses included counts of adhering cells, evaluation of connective tissue fiber relationships and assessment of epithelial migration. Analyses within each group comparing root and pulpal surfaces showed no differences between any of the parameters. Comparisons between experimental and control groups showed that demineralized surfaces had a greater number of cells attached, fiber attachment occurred and epithelial downgrowth was inhibited. The fiber attachment to experimental specimens differed morphologically from fiber attachment to normal root surfaces: the number of fibers attached per unit length and the diameter of attached fibers were significantly less on experimental specimens. Demineralized specimens at 10 days had a distinct eosinophilic surface zone. Surface demineralization of dentin predisposed toward a cell and fiber attachment system which inhibited migration of epithelium.
Reliability and validity of the Lithuanian Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (2016)

The results suggest that the Lithuanian version of THI maintains its original validity and may serve as reliable and valid measure of general tinnitus related distress that can be used in a clinical setting to quantify the impact of tinnitus on daily living.
Optical Sensor of Thermal Gas Flow Based on Fiber Bragg Grating (2017)

This paper aims at solving the problem of explosion proof in measurement of thermal gas flow using electronic sensor by presenting a new type of flow sensor by optical fiber heating. A measuring unit based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for fluid temperature and a unit for heat dissipation are designed to replace the traditional electronic sensors. The light in C band from the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source is split, with one part used to heat the absorbing coating and the other part used in the signal processing unit. In the heating unit, an absorbing coating is introduced to replace the traditional resistance heating module to minimize the risk of explosion. The measurement results demonstrate a fine consistency between the flow and temperature difference in simulation. The method to enhance the measurement resolution of flow is also discussed.
Expression oftheEscherichia coli pfkAGeneinAlcaligenes eutrophus andinOther Gram-Negative Bacteria (1986)

at specific activities between 0.73and1.83U/mgofprotein, indicating thattheE.coli pfkA geneisreadily expressed inA.eutrophus andthat theutilization offructose occurs viatheEmbden-Meyerhof pathway instead oftheEntner-Doudoroff pathway. Incontrast, transconjugants ofthewildtypeofA.eutrophus, whichare potentially abletocatabolize fructose viabothpathways, grewatadecreased rateonfructose andduring growth onfructose didnotstably maintain pAS100 orpAS300. Indications foraglycolytic futile cycling of fructose 6-phosphate andfructose 1,6-bisphosphate arediscussed. Plasmid pAS100 wasalso transferred to14 different species ofgram-negative bacteria. ThepJlA genewasexpressed inmostofthese species. Inaddition, mosttransconjugants ofthese strains andofA.eutrophus exhibited higher specific activities oftriosephosphate isomerase thandidthecorresponding parent strains. Alcaligenes eutrophus relies onastrictly respiratory energymetabolism. Thisbacterium istherefore unable togrow onfructose orgluconate intheabsence ofterminal electron acceptors like oxygenornitrate. Despite itsrespiratory energy metabolism, typical fermentation enzymes (30) like anNAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (35-37) andan unspecific NAD(P)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (38) arederepressed ifthecells areincubated under conditions of restricted oxygensupply (29), andtherespective fermentation products areexcreted into themedium(41). Inaddition, reduced pyridine nucleotides arereoxidized during theformation ofpoly-p-hydroxybutyrate (31) andtosomeextent during theevolution ofmolecular hydrogen, whichis catalyzed byNAD-dependent hydrogenase (20). Itisnot knownwhyA.eutrophus cannottakeadvantage ofthe fermentation enzymes andgrowunder anaerobic conditions. Since thecells growwell intheabsence ofmolecular oxygen withnitrate asaterminal electron acceptor (25), oxygenases areapparently notinvolved intheanabolic metabolism ofA. eutrophus. Onereason forthis organism's failure togrowanaerobically byfermentative energy generation maybethelowATP yield during fructose degradation viatheEntner-Doudoroff pathway ascompared totheEmbden-Meyerhof pathway (4, 17).Ifthelatter pathwaycouldbeestablished inA. eutrophus, theATP yield wouldbetwiceashigh. As phosphofructokinase istheonlyenzymerequired tocomplete theEmbden-Meyerhof pathway inA.eutrophus, recombinant DNA techniques wereapplied toestablish this enzyme. Easysuccess waspromised bytheavailability (i) of thepJfkA geneencoding phosphofructokinase
Controller tuning in power systems using singular value optimization (2020)

As the share of renewable generation in large power systems continues to increase, the operation of power systems becomes increasingly challenging. The constantly shifting mix of renewable and conventional generation leads to largely changing dynamics, increasing the risk of blackouts. We propose to retune the parameters of the already present controllers in the power systems to account for the seemingly changing operating conditions. To this end, we present an approach for fast and computationally efficient tuning of parameters of structured controllers. The goal of the tuning is to shift system poles to a specified region in the complex plane, e.g. for stabilization or oscillation damping. The approach exploits singular value optimization in the frequency domain, which enables scaling to large systems and is not limited to power systems. The efficiency of the approach is shown on three systems of increasing size with multiple initial parameterizations.