gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in Nursing Time Spent Performing Work by Task Category between Intensive Care Units With and Without Computerized Provider Order Entry (2007)

Previous studies of the impact of information technology have primarily focused on the impact of systems designed for use by the nursing staff, primarily documentation systems. This article focuses on the changes in nursing tasks between the medical and cardiac intensive care units of two hospitals. One hospital's two intensive care units (ICU) have computerized provider entry (CPOE) installed, while the other hospital did not installed CPOE in the two intensive care units studied. Methods: Direct observation of nurses as they performed nursing tasks was conducted using work sampling technique. Observations were performed over ten 3-hour periods in each hospital. The data collected included the task being performed and the duration of each task performed by the nurse. Results: The amount of time nurses spent conducting certain types of tasks was different between the two hospitals. Nurses in the ICUs with CPOE installed spent more time performing education and housekeeping tasks at the patient bedside. Nurses in the ICUs without CPOE installed spent more time on nursing documentation. Time spent performing personal and administrative tasks remained the same in both sites.
Chitosan hydrogel‐coated cotton fabric: Antibacterial, pH‐responsiveness, and physical properties (2018)

ABSTRACT In this work, chitosan hydrogel has been synthesized and used to impart pH‐sensitivity and antimicrobial finish to cotton fabric. In order to enhance the incorporation rate of hydrogel, anionic, and cationic activation of the textile surface was applied and then compared. The antibacterial activity of the fabric was then studied. The results revealed an enhancement of the antibacterial activities of the modified fabrics against Escherichia coli , Listeria monocytogene , and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria's. The capacity of material to respond to pH change was studied and confirmed using contact angle method. The anionic fabric treated with hydrogel showed a better pH‐responsiveness. Scanning electron microscopic testing results has also confirmed that the deposition of hydrogel was clearly better with the anionic activation. The characteristics of breathability of the fabrics were analyzed. The results show that the moisture management behavior of the finished materials is significantly better than the control one. Although the permeability to air has reduced by 10%, the permeability to water vapor remained practically unchanged. Furthermore, the effects of the antibacterial finishing on the physical properties of the cotton fabrics were also investigated. It was established that the functionalized samples have changed structure parameters, thickness, air permeability, tensile strength, and resistance to wrinkles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46645.
Automatic speech segmentation using neural tree networks (2002)

Segmentation of speech into sub-word acoustic units using neural tree networks (NTNs) is presented. NTN is a hierarchical classifier that combines the properties of both decision trees and feedforward neural networks. The number of sub-word acoustic units in a given speech segment may or may not be known to the segmentation algorithm. Both these varieties of speech segmentation problems are addressed. The performance of the speech segmentation algorithm using NTN is compared to that obtained using hidden Markov models (HMMs) and dynamic programming-based approach proposed elsewhere.
Supercontinuum generation in tapered fibres (2003)

Summary form only given. The key feature of the microstructured fibre is the large index step between core (silica) and cladding (mostly air). This permits confinement in a very small core and hence (a) high intensity for a given power (or pulse energy), and (b) zero or anomalous dispersion at the pump wavelength, despite the strong normal dispersion of bulk silica. The disadvantage is the need for the special fibre with its tiny core. Having obtained fibre (perhaps at some expense), the user finds input coupling problematic and sensitive to mechanical instabilities, with high intensities that can degrade the endfaces. A large index step is also found in conventional telecoms fibre tapered (heated and stretched) to a narrow uniform waist /spl sim/2 /spl mu/m in diameter and several cm long. Tapering need not increase the loss by more than 0.1 dB. As a waveguide, the waist is like the core of the microstructured fibre - a thread of glass surrounded by air - and we found that such a structure similarly broadened fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser to a two-octave supercontinuum. The output was in the fundamental mode even where the fibre itself was multimode.
A Comparative Study of Estimating Auroral Electron Energy from Ground-Based Hyperspectral Imagery and DMSP-SSJ5 Particle Data (2020)

Aurora, the spectacular phenomenon commonly occurring in high latitudes, is caused by the precipitation of energetic particles penetrating the Earth’s atmosphere. Being the result of solar-terrestrial interactions, electron precipitation significantly contributes to auroral production. To evaluate its magnitude, a physical quantity describing the characteristics of precipitating auroral electrons—their characteristic energy—is adopted. In this paper, this quantity is derived from joint data observed by the ground-based auroral spectroscopic imager located in Antarctica Zhongshan Station and the particle detectors “Special Sensor J5 (SSJ5)” on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. A postprocessing scheme of ground-based spectral data is proposed to infer the characteristic energy that successively uses classical brute-force, recursive brute-force and self-consistent approximation strategies for step-up speed improvement. Then, the inferred characteristic energies are compared to the average energies calibrated from the relevant electron data detected by SSJ5 to confirm whether this inference is valid. Regarding DMSP F18/SSJ5, these two energy estimations about auroral electrons deviate slightly from each other and show a strong linear relationship. It sheds light on further applications of the valuable aurora spectral data.
Regeneration of the MPTP-Lesioned Dopaminergic System after Convection-Enhanced Delivery of AAV2-GDNF (2010)

Clinical studies to date have failed to establish therapeutic benefit of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast to previous nonclinical neuroprotective reports, this study shows clinically relevant and long-lasting regeneration of the dopaminergic system in rhesus macaques lesioned with 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 3-6 months before GDNF gene delivery (AAV2-GDNF). The observed progressive amelioration of functional deficits, recovery of dopamine, and regrowth of fibers to the striatal neuropil demonstrate that high GDNF expression in the putamen promotes restoration of the dopaminergic system in a primate model of advanced PD. Extensive distribution of GDNF within the putamen and transport to the severely lesioned substantia nigra, after convection-enhanced delivery of AAV2-GDNF into the putamen, indicates anterograde transport via striatonigral connections and is anticipated to occur in PD patients. Overall, these data demonstrate nonclinical neurorestoration after putaminal infusion of AAV2-GDNF and suggest that clinical investigation in PD patients is warranted.
Large T antigen from the Murine Pneumotropic Virus: expression and analysis of DNA binding (2003)

The Murine Pneumotropic Virus (MPtV), in contrast to the other MurinePolyomavirus (MPyV), appears to be non-tumourigenic in its natural host. Instead, MPtV causes acute pneumonia and can serve as a model in studies of polyomavirus-induced disease. In initial experiments, MPtV large T-antigen (LT) was expressed in a heterologous system. LT was characterized with regard to its metabolic stability and cell immortalizing activity and, after purification, to its specific DNA binding. The absence of permissive cell culture system for MPtV has hampered its study. We made attempts to widen the host range of the virus by modifying the regulatory and late regions of the genome. The enhancer substitution mutant (KVm1), having a transcriptional enhancer substituted with a corresponding DNA segment from MPyV, was able to replicate in mouse 3T3 cells and form virus particles that were infectious in mice. However, efficient infection of cells in vitro was not achieved with this mutant virus, possibly due to the absence of virus-specific receptors on the cells. The capsid protein substitution mutants, having capsid protein genes of MPyV, for which receptors are present on a variety of cell types, showed also no cytopathic effect, despite an enhanced viral DNA replication and assembly of virus particles. MPtV-DNA extracted from virus in lung tissue of infected mice had a heterogeneous enhancer segment. A majority of the DNA molecules had a structure differing from the standard-type. A 220 base-pair insertion at nucleotide position 142 with a concomitant deletion of nucleotides 143 to 148 was a prominent variation. Other genome variants showed complete or partial deletions of the insertion and surrounding sequences in the viral enhancer. In relation to the standard-type, all variant genomes showed differences in the activities of transcriptional promoters and the origin DNA replication. Analysis by DNA reassociation showed that a large number of nucleotide sequences related to the 220 base-pair insert in the MPtV genome were present in mouse and human DNA, but not in Escherichia coli DNA. Together, the data suggest that the 220 base-pair insertion is related to a transposable element of a novel type.
FatNavs: Exploiting the Natural Sparsity of Head Fat Images for High-Resolution Motion-Navigation at Very High Acceleration Factors (2013)

LIFMET
Characterization of Cu-In-Ga precursors used to form Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ films (2002)

The stacked precursors for the formation of CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/Se/sub 2/ were processed in sequences Cu/In/Ga and Cu/Ga/In for Ga/(Ga+In) ratio ranging from 0.2 to 1.0. The precursors, before and after a 1 hour heat treatment in an Ar atmosphere were found to contain only elemental and binary phases. The precursors were reacted with H/sub 2/Se or elemental Se at 400/spl deg/C and 500/spl deg/C. Reacted precursors contained mixtures of binary phases Cu/sub 2-x/Se, GaSe, Ga/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ and Cu-Ga, and, ternary phases CuInSe/sub 2/ and CuGaSe/sub 2/. The reacted precursors were heat treated in an Ar atmosphere and an H/sub 2/Se atmosphere. The heat treatment in an Ar atmosphere resulted in a single phase CuIn/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/Se/sub 2/ film, whereas, heat treatment in H/sub 2/Se atmosphere improved only the crystallinity of the phases present and does not effect homogenization.
Unintended consequences (2016)

This chapter evaluates the range of advantages and disadvantages that world cities are viewed to bring to national economies and societies. Although the pros and cons vary in each context, leaders in world cities and national governments have little option but to address the disadvantages head on and create alliances for a collaborative set of solutions. The chapter reviews the latest national policies that have been designed for their wider system of cities, and the efforts among world cities and other groupings of cities to work together to solve entrenched challenges and argue effectively for substantive reform from the national tier.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity within Species of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Sediments (2002)

To assess the extent of genotypic and phenotypic diversity within species of purple nonsulfur bacteria found in aquatic sediments, a total of 128 strains were directly isolated from agar plates that had been inoculated with sediment samples from Haren and De Biesbosch in The Netherlands. All isolates were initially characterized by BOX-PCR genomic DNA fingerprinting, and 60 distinct genotypes were identified. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives of each genotype showed that five and eight different phylotypes of purple nonsulfur bacteria were obtained from the Haren and De Biesbosch sites, respectively. At the Haren site, 80.5% of the clones were Rhodopseudomonas palustris, whereas Rhodoferax fermentans and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were numerically dominant at the De Biesbosch site and constituted 45.9 and 34.4% of the isolates obtained, respectively. BOX-PCR genomic fingerprints showed that there was a high level of genotypic diversity within each of these species. The genomic fingerprints of Rhodopseudomonas palustris isolates were significantly different for isolates from the two sampling sites, suggesting that certain strains may be endemic to each sampling site. Not all Rhodopseudomonas palustris isolates could degrade benzoate, a feature that has previously been thought to be characteristic of the species. There were differences in the BOX-PCR genomic fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of benzoate-coenzyme A ligase genes and form I and form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) genes between benzoate-degrading and non-benzoate-degrading genotypes. The ability to distinguish these two Rhodopseudomonas palustris groups based on multiple genetic differences may reflect an incipient speciation event resulting from adaptive evolution to local environmental conditions.
Intra Block Copy for HEVC Screen Content Coding (2015)

Summary form only given. Screen content videos increasingly gain the popularity due to the rapid advances in cloud and multimedia technologies, which in turn requires highly efficient screen content compression. A recent standard, namely SCC is under development in JCT-VC, Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding between ISO/IEC and ITU-T. In SCC, the most efficient new coding tool is Intra block copy (Intra BC). In this paper, we describe the Intra BC that has been proposed by the authors and adopted in the SCC standard and reference software for coding of screen content. Different from the conventional Intra prediction method where the prediction signal is derived from the spatially neighboring samples, the Intra BC mode greatly improves the prediction efficiency by fully exploiting the redundancy of repetitive patterns which typically appear in screen content. Experimental results suggest that the Intra BC mode can improve the coding efficiency significantly for typical screen content video sequences with 43.2% bit rate reduction on average.
The National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) project (2002)

The need and justification for new sources and instrumentation in neutron science have been firmly established by numerous assessments since the early 1970s by the scientific community and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In their 1996 budget, the DOE Office of Energy Research asked ORNL to lead the R&D and conceptual design effort for a next-generation spallation neutron source to be used for neutron scattering. To accomplish this, the NSNS collaboration involving five national laboratories (ANL, BNL, LANL, LBNL, and ORNL) has been formed. The NSNS reference design is for a 1-GeV linac and accumulator ring which delivers 1-MW proton beams in microsecond pulses to a mercury target; neutrons are produced by the spallation reaction, moderated, and guided into an experimental hall for neutron scattering. The design includes the necessary flexibility to upgrade the source in stages to significantly higher powers in the future and to expand the experimental capabilities. This paper describes the origins of NSNS, the current funding status, progress on the technical design, user community input and intended uses, and future prospects.
Anti-scratch and adhesion properties of photo-curable polymer/clay nanocomposite coatings based on methacrylate monomers (2011)

Different types of polymer/clay nanocomposite were prepared and evaluated for their application as hard and anti-scratch coating materials. Photo-curable nanocomposites, based on 2,2-bis[4-(methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[4-(methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl]propane)) and tri (ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (TEGDMA (tri(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate)) (50/50 wt%) were prepared using three types of clay at different loading levels. The adhesion properties and scratch resistivity of the coatings on polymethymethacrylate slabs were investigated. The results were correlated with the clay dispersion state, determined by a transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and the surface morphology by atomic force microscopy. It was concluded that exfoliation or intercalation plays an important role, primarily in surface roughness, which in turn affects adhesion by changing the characteristics of the coating-substrate interface. The highest scratch resistivity with appropriate adhesion quality was obtained for a sample containing 1 wt% of more compatible clay, Cloisite® 30B in the nanocomposite resin mixture.
Method of controlling switching of a multiphase inductor-converter bridge (2023)

In an inductor-convertor circuit for transferring electrical energy between a storage coil and a load coil using a storage thyristor bridge, a load thyristor bridge, and a set of commutating capacitors, operation is improved by a method of changing the rate of delivery of energy in a given direction. The change in rate corresponds to a predetermined change in phase angle between the load bridge and the storage bridge and comprises changing the phase of the bridge by two steps, each equal to half the predetermined change and occurring 180.degree. apart. The method assures commutation and minimizes imbalances that lead otherwise to overvoltages.
Optimization of the loading and hauling fleet at Mamatwan open pit mine (2009)

Mamatwan Mine in an open pit mine located some 80 km by tar road north-west of Kuruman in the Northern Cape, approximately 600 km from Johannesburg, South Africa. It forms part of the Hotazel Manganese Mines which are operated in a joint venture between BHPBilliton (which has 60% share) and Anglo American (which has 40% share). Mamatwan Mine employs 505 people including full-time employees and contractors. (Van Antwerpen, 2004) Geology
Near Net Shape Casting through Investment, Die and Centrifugal Casting (2008)

Casting is basically pouring of the molten metal into a cavity or mould, which is in proper shape. Casting was known by human-being since the 4th century B.C. Today it is nearly impossible to design anything that cannot be cast by means of one or more of the available casting processes. However, as with other manufacturing processes, best results and economy can be achieved if the designer understands the various casting processes and adapts designs so as to use the process most efficiently.
Magnetic Filtration of Vesicles Containing Iron-Dextran Particles (1988)

Liposomes containing dextran-coated magnetite can be filtered from dispersion by a magnetic filtration procedure. the utility of the technique is demonstrated for the separation of liposomes from plasma components.
Extensible Proof Systems for Infinite-State Systems (2022)

This paper revisits soundness and completeness of proof systems for proving that sets of states in infinite-state labeled transition systems satisfy formulas in the modal mu-calculus. Our results rely on novel results in lattice theory, which give constructive characterizations of both greatest and least fixpoints of monotonic functions over complete lattices. We show how these results may be used to reconstruct the sound and complete tableau method for this problem due to Bradfield and Stirling. We also show how the flexibility of our lattice-theoretic basis simplifies reasoning about tableau-based proof strategies for alternative classes of systems. In particular, we extend the modal mu-calculus with timed modalities, and prove that the resulting tableaux method is sound and complete for timed transition systems.
SETI Snack Attack: Lessons Learned from the Pearl Harbor Hoax (2003)

On December 7, 2002 (a date that will live in infamy), the nonprofit SETI League received a terse email from a person not known to us, reporting the apparent detection at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii of a microwave signal of intelligent extraterrestrial origin. During the following twenty hours our members analyzed the claim, corresponded with the claimant, attempted (unsuccessfully) to independently verify the signal, and ultimately unmasked the claim as completely fraudulent. This episode gave the SETI community its first opportunity for real-time application of the Rio Scale, an analytical tool for quantifying the societal impact of a claimed SETI detection. The Pearl Harbor Hit started out at a one on the zero-toten ordinal Rio Scale, rose to a high of four, and then quickly fell to its ultimate value of zero, validating the utility of the Rio Scale. The Rio Scale is more fully explained on the IAA SETI Permanent Study Group website, at . INTRODUCTION: THE FIRST EMAIL At 0841 hours UTC on Saturday, 7 December 2002, while I slept (it being 0341 hours in the eastern US), a terse and cryptic email was sent to a public information email address at SETI League headquarters. Its subject line read: “Check Signal--Read Me Please!!!!!” ______________________________________ Copyright © 2003 by H. Paul Shuch. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Released to IAF/IAA/AIAA to publish in all forms. and the entire text of the message was: “20hr51'53 RA +9deg43'47dec 1.420957031 GHz +-1.12217 MHz Found Carrier and Intelligence-NO SATELLITES ALOFT in location-Not congruent with ISS orbit. Filter pulsar interference, what remains appears to be an audio waveform.” The email address to which the above message was sent is normally routed to the Secretary of The SETI League, Inc. However, as it happens, our Secretary was on holiday in Australia at the time, so the message forwarded to me. However, I did not actually see it until awakening perhaps two and one half hours later. Although the message came from a nonmember, a person not known to The SETI League, owing to the inevitable delay in receipt of the email (and because I found its implications intriguing), it was decided to immediately initiate an analysis and verification attempt.
Percutaneous cartilage injection: A prospective animal study on a rabbit model (2013)

Cartilage injection is a promising technique that must be refined to increase chondrocyte viability. Developing an appropriate injection apparatus would improve this technique.