gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Should we publish every correlation during the COVID-19 pandemic? (2022)

Recently, Sun et al. published an article in Scientific Reports entitled: “Increased emergency cardiovascular events among under-40 population in Israel during vaccine rollout and third COVID-19 wave” [2]. In this paper, the authors highlighted correlations between the Israeli vaccine campaign and an increased number of severe cardiovascular event calls to Emergency Management Services in the under-40 population. Even if the correlation seemed statistically significant, it is, to our opinion, clinically irrelevant.
"Eisenbeheersing bij gebouwgebonden DBFMO-contract" Verificatie en validatie met het gebruik van Systems Engineering. (2011)

Het onderwerp (onderzoek naar eisenbeheersing van een gebouwgebonden PPS project met een DBFMO contract) van mijn onderzoek is voortgekomen uit de problemen waarmee ik in de praktijk in aanraking kwam. Voorafgaand aan mijn afstuderen heb ik mij onder andere beziggehouden met testen van gebouwen aan de Outputspecificaties. Dit is de laatste fase van verificatie en validatie (V&V). Hier bleek dat de V&V in het voortraject niet, of niet goed geregeld was en dus behoorlijk te wensen over liet. Naar aanleiding van die conclusie heb ik de aanpak voor de beheersing van projecteisen in het DBFMO proces onderzocht.
Een goede beheersing van projecteisen bij een DBFMO contract is van groot belang. Dit komt omdat bij DBFMO alle contractuele betalingen en verplichtingen worden geregeld op basis van het eisendocument. De ontwerpkeuzes die het consortium maakt in de ontwerpfases moeten alle eisen ondervangen. Het consortium moet dus een object ontwerpen dat voldoet aan alle prestaties en dit vervolgens realiseren en in stand houden voor de gehele looptijd van het contract. Als een enkele prestatie niet of niet volledig ondervangen is, wordt dit op de contractuele vergoedingen in mindering gebracht tot het moment dat de gewenste prestatie alsnog wordt voorzien. Het is dus van groot belang dat de beheersing van de projecteisen optimaal geregeld is.
Voor het onderzoek heb ik verschillende methoden gebruikt.

Ik heb eerst het gehele DBFMO bouwproces geanalyseerd. Dit heb ik gedaan met de informatie uit de DNR-stb, de NEN2574 en de gewenste leveringsomvang die Ballast Nedam voorschrijft. Met deze analyse heb ik een beeld gekregen welke informatie wanneer voorhanden moet zijn. Hierna kon ik bepalen welke eisen wanneer in het proces relevant zijn en hoe het proces per fase inhoudelijk aangestuurd kon worden.
Na het proces in kaart te hebben gebracht ben ik met behulp van Systems Engineering (SE) zoals dit in de GWW sector gebruikt wordt, en evaluaties van V&V in de bouw aan de slag gegaan. Ik ben gaan onderzoeken hoe een gestructureerde aanpak voor beheersing van projecteisen en V&V bij DBFMO mogelijk is. Voor de beheersing van projecteisen ben ik hulpmiddelen gaan ontwikkelen en af gaan leiden van SE. Na het ontwikkelen van de verschillende hulpmiddelen en procesinhoudelijke analyses, ben ik gestart met het opstellen van de benodigde procedures en instructies. Alle benodigde uitleg, hulpmiddelen en instructies heb ik gebundeld en uitgewerkt in een handboek. 
Het handboek geeft een houvast als het gaat om beheersing van projecteisen bij DBFMO. Het zorgt voor een gestructureerde aanpak waarbij gegarandeerd alle OS eisen worden meegenomen. Daarnaast wordt het direct gebruikt om te bewijzen, dat aan alle geldende normen en regelingen wordt voldaan.
Oxygen/alkali oxidation of cellulose and model alcohols and the inhibition by iodide (1971)

Abstract Certain aspects of cellulose depolymerization by oxygen in alkali were investigated with model compounds. Oxidation of hydroxyl groups was studied using low molecular weight glycols and alcohols. Hydrogen peroxide was identified as the peroxidic intermediate observed during oxygen oxidations of carbohydrates. Oxidation of glucitol by either alkaline hydrogen peroxide or oxygen is autocatalytic with a discrete induction period. When hydrogen peroxide is initially present in the oxygen oxidation, the induction period is considerably reduced. In the presence of potassium iodide, the induction period is lengthened. Potassium iodide inhibits the depolymerization of cellulose by oxygen and alkali and, in the presence of magnesium ions, provides more stabilization than either alone. A mechanism to explain these results is proposed.
Elastic Allocator: An Adaptive Task Scheduler for Streaming Query in the Cloud (2014)

Many big data applications receive and process data in real time. These data, also known as data streams, are generated continuously and processed online in a low latency manner. Data stream is prone to change dramatically in volume, since its workload may have a variation of several orders between peak and valley periods. Fully provisioning resources for stream processing to handle the peak load is costly, while over-provisioning is wasteful when to deal with lightweight workload. Cloud computing emphasizes that resource should be utilized economically and elastically. An open question is how to allocate query task adaptively to keeping up the input rate of the data stream. Previous work focuses on using either local or global capacity information to improve the cluster CPU resource utilization, while the bandwidth utilization which is also critical to the system throughput is ignored or simplified. In this paper, we formalize the operator placement problem considering both the CPU and bandwidth usage, and introduce the Elastic Allocator. The Elastic Allocator uses a quantitative method to evaluate a node's capacity and bandwidth usage, and exploit both the local and global resource information to allocate the query task in a graceful manner to achieve high resource utilization. The experimental results and a simple prototype built on top of Storm finally demonstrate that Elastic Allocator is adaptive and feasible in cloud computing environment, and has an advantage of improving and balancing system resource utilization.
An International Multi-Center Study To Define the Application of Microarray-Based Gene Expression Profiling in the Diagnosis and Sub-Classification of Leukemia (MILE Study): Analysis of Completed Stage I with 2030 Patients Achieved a 95.4% Accuracy. (2007)

Abstract In 2005, the MILE (Microarray Innovations in LEukemia) study research program was initiated with 11 centers: 7 from the European Leukemia Network (ELN, WP13), 3 from the US, and 1 in Singapore. The first stage was designed to assess the ability of GEP to classify leukemias into 17 recognized categories as compared to conventional diagnostic assays (“Gold Standards”). These include: mature B-ALL with t(8;14), pro-B-ALL with t(11q23)/MLL, c-ALL/pre-B-ALL with t(9;22), T-ALL, ALL with t(12;21), ALL with t(1;19), ALL with hyperdiploid karyotype, c-ALL/pre-B-ALL without specific genetic abnormalities, i.e. t(9;22), AML with t(8;21), AML with t(15;17), AML with inv(16)/t(16;16), AML with t(11q23)/MLL, AML with normal karyotype, AML with complex karyotype, CML, CLL, and MDS, as well as non-leukemic and healthy bone marrow samples as controls. We now report the data from the completed MILE Stage I, which included 2030 adult and pediatric samples utilizing HG U133 Plus 2.0 (Affymetrix). 102 (5%) were removed from the study for protocol violations, most often for an incomplete “Gold Standard”. All microarrays were also assessed for their technical performance (e.g. micorarray scaling factor, signal to noise ratio, etc.). In total only 36 samples (1.9%) failed these technical quality criteria. Cross validation accuracy (average of three 30-fold cross validations) of the remaining 1892 MILE Stage I samples is 95.4% concordant with the “Gold Standard” diagnosis. In ten classes the concordance was ≥97% i.e. for pro-B-ALL with t(11q23)/MLL, T-ALL, AML with t(8;21), AML with inv(16)/t(16;16), AML with normal karyotype, CLL, CML and MDS, as well as for the healthy or non-leukemia samples. The following classes showed lower sensitivities (range 74%-91%): mature B-ALL with t(8;14), c-ALL/pre-B-ALL with t(9;22), ALL with t(1;19), ALL with hyperdiploid karyotype, c-ALL/pre-B-ALL without specific abnormalities, AML with t(11q23)/MLL, and AML with complex karyotype. This can largely be explained by biological heterogeneity and weak “gold standard” definitions. It is notable that all these classes showed specificities above 98.4%. The second stage now prospectively process additional 1000 samples on a custom designed microarray using 1,449 probe sets only. So far 755 samples have been analyzed and will represent an independent and blinded test set for the algorithms developed in stage I. In conclusion, the MILE research study confirms that standardized microarray-based GEP may accurately classify leukemia samples into known diagnostic and prognostic sub-categories with a low technical failure rate and a very high accuracy.
Atomically Thin 2D‐Arsenene by Liquid‐Phased Exfoliation: Toward Selective Vapor Sensing (2018)

Abstract Phosphorene and antimonene, single‐ or few‐layered (FL) semiconductor materials, have recently attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties, provided by their extreme thinness. Here, a liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) procedure to prepare FL arsenene, another member of pnictogens, assisted by sonication and without any additional surfactant is reported. The exfoliation process is performed in various solvents. Among those, N ‐methylpyrrolidone is found to provide the highest concentration of stable arsenene sheets. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses confirm the formation of high‐quality few‐layer arsenene nanosheets with large lateral dimensions. An application of this material for construction of vapor sensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is demonstrated. The device detects selectively methanol or acetone vapors depending on the selected resonance frequency. The results are highly reproducible, and the vapor sensor has long‐term stability.
[Culture of mouse embryo for the toxicological evaluation of drugs in vitro. (1). Establishment of in vitro culture system and effect of 6-mercaptopurine on development of early stage embryo]. (1983)

The basal conditions for culture of early mouse embryo in vitro were examined for drug evaluation. Among the media tested, BMOC-III was most suitable for mouse embryo culture. Changing the medium at 1 or 3 hr after culture was harmful to the survival and/or development of early staged embryos, whereas at 12 or 24 hr after culture, changing of the medium showed slight effect on embryo development. Eight-cell staged embryos were more resistant to changing medium that two-cell staged ones. Preliminary work using a suitable culture system established that exposure to 6-mercaptopurine for 12 or 24 hr resulted in a prolonged developmental rate at each stage. The effects showed a dose-dependent relationship with the 24 hr exposure. It was suggested that inhibition of the developmental rate during exposure resulted from a direct toxic effect on the cell and that the inhibition after exposure resulted from metabolic toxicity.
Ergosterol as a Quantifiable Biomass Marker for Diaporthe haseolorum and Cercospora kikuchi (2006)

The relationship between ergosterol content and biomass was determined for the soybean fungal pathogens Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. sojae, causal agent of Phomopsis seed decay, and Cercospora kikuchii (Matsumoto & Tomoy.), causal agent of leaf blight and purple seed stain. Biomass was manipulated by varying incubation period, and ergosterol was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Fungal dry mass was linearly correlated with ergosterol content (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.90, P < 0.05 for D. phaseolorum, and r<sup>2</sup> = 0.95, P < 0.01 for C. kikuchii). In vitro ergosterol content of fungi was 3.16 μg/mg for D. phaseolorum and 2.85 μg/mg for C. kikuchii. Ergosterol content of inoculated seed was qualitatively correlated with observed seed colonization by both pathogens. Soybean variety had a significant effect on fungal colonization by D. phaseolorum and ergosterol content. Results show that ergosterol content can be used to quantify colonization of soybean seed by both pathogens.
The Status of Magnesium Injection Molding in China (2019)

Thixomolding, or magnesium injection molding as it is more generally known, is an established semi-solid casting process for producing thin-walled near net shape components from magnesium alloys. Magnesium injection molding produces components using a machine similar to a plastic injection molder, where magnesium-alloy chips are feed into the back end, and a rotating screw feeds the chips forward as they are heated to the semi-solid temperature range. The semi-solid alloy collects in a nozzle at the front of the screw, where it is then injected into a re-usable steel die. This paper will initially describe the commercial status of magnesium injection molding in China, and will review several types of components being produced commercially. Comparisons to conventional hot chamber magnesium die casting will be made, and a new magnesium injection molding machine design that incorporates an intensifier will be introduced. In addition, new technology trends utilizing the magnesium injection molding process will be described. One such application involves the magnesium injection molding of Mg-Li alloys. Lithium has the lowest density of all metals, and so the addition of lithium further reduces the density of the magnesium.
An Effective Method for the Synthesis of Neoglycoproteins and Neogangliosideproteins by Use of Reductively Aminated Sulfhydryl-Containing Carbohydrate Conjugates (1992)

A highly effective method for the synthesis of neoglycoconjugates has been developed. The technique is based on two steps. First, a sulfhydryl group is introduced into the carbohydrate by reductive amination with cysteamine, and secondly the sulfhydryl group carrying carbohydrate is coupled to a protein or carrier via a disulfide bridge. The method was used to couple sialic acid-containing carbohydrates such as N-acetylneuraminyllactose and the carbohydrate moieties of gangliosides (GM1, GM3 and GD1b) to bovine serum albumin. Biological functionality of the generated GM1- and GD1b-neoglycoprotein was demonstrated by a choleratoxin-binding assay and an immunoassay, respectively. The applicability of neoglycoconjugates for the quantification of gangliosides in solution by a competitive assay is shown.
Eluding Secure Aggregation in Federated Learning via Model Inconsistency (2021)

Secure aggregation is a cryptographic protocol that securely computes the aggregation of its inputs. It is pivotal in keeping model updates private in federated learning. Indeed, the use of secure aggregation prevents the server from learning the value and the source of the individual model updates provided by the users, hampering inference and data attribution attacks. In this work, we show that a malicious server can easily elude secure aggregation as if the latter were not in place. We devise two different attacks capable of inferring information on individual private training datasets, independently of the number of users participating in the secure aggregation. This makes them concrete threats in large-scale, real-world federated learning applications. The attacks are generic and equally effective regardless of the secure aggregation protocol used. They exploit a vulnerability of the federated learning protocol caused by incorrect usage of secure aggregation and lack of parameter validation. Our work demonstrates that current implementations of federated learning with secure aggregation offer only a "false sense of security".
Hybrid Centralized/Decentralized Control of Bacteria-Based Bio-Hybrid Microrobots (2018)

Engineering microrobotic systems using a bio-hybrid approach that couples synthetic materials with live cells is a powerful approach to address some of the challenges in micro/nanotechnology such as providing an on-board power source and efficient means of locomotion. In the last decade, a number of centralized control strategies dependent on native biological mechanisms have been demonstrated; however, decentralized cooperative control of a swarm of bio-hybrid microrobots has not been shown before. In this work, we impart bacteria with engineered biological circuits to facilitate agent-agent communication and enable predictable and robust cooperative control of a network of bacteria-based Biohybrid microrobots. We show a hybrid control strategy wherein a centralized control scheme is used to direct migration and a decentralized control scheme enables the agents to independently coordinate a desired behavior (fluorescent protein expression). We use an experimentally-validated agent-based computational model of the system to demonstrate the utility of the approach. We show that spatial organization plays a significant role in the response dynamics and explore how the system could be tuned for particular applications. The model will serve as an essential tool for predictive design of bio-hybrid microrobotic swarms with a tunable and robust response.
Descripción de las características de la metodología AICLE en la unidad didáctica “Renaissance through Michelangelo” (2015)

En este articulo se describela unidad didactica “Renaissance through Michelangelo” elaborada por la Consejeria de Educacion de la Junta de Andalucia desde el punto de vista de la metodologia del Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE). Para ello se identifica el modo en que la unidad didactica recoge los elementos y caracteristicas de esta metodologia. A continuacion, se incluye una plantilla que pudiera haber servido para disenar la unidad y que ayudara a comprenderla mejor y a trabajar con ella de forma mas efectiva para el logro de los objetivos que se persiguencon ella.De ese modo se busca propiciar la cooperacion entre los profesores especialistas de la asignatura impartida en ingles y los profesores de esa lengua extranjera, asi como entre los distintos profesores especialistas que imparten sus asignaturas en ingles.
Local Layering for Joint Motion Estimation and Occlusion Detection (2014)

Most motion estimation algorithms (optical flow, layered models) cannot handle large amount of occlusion in textureless regions, as motion is often initialized with no occlusion assumption despite that occlusion may be included in the final objective. To handle such situations, we propose a local layering model where motion and occlusion relationships are inferred jointly. In particular, the uncertainties of occlusion relationships are retained so that motion is inferred by considering all the possibilities of local occlusion relationships. In addition, the local layering model handles articulated objects with self-occlusion. We demonstrate that the local layering model can handle motion and occlusion well for both challenging synthetic and real sequences.
A Hybrid Control Strategy for Tendon-actuated Robotic Glove and Functional Electrical Stimulation – A Preliminary Study (2019)

People who suffered a stroke, or spinal cord injury, still rely on the use of exhaustive physical therapy for recovery. When the aftereffects of these illness act on upper limbs as the hand, this causes a great impact on their quality of life. As alternative resources to the physical therapy, functional electrical stimulation and exoskeletons, or wearable robotic gloves, are consolidating as important resources to help to address this problem. Functional electrical stimulation has been proved to be an efficient rehabilitative technology, while exoskeletons are assistive technology helping people with a deficiency in their daily activities. In order to put these technologies working together, we propose a hybrid control strategy, making use of a tendon-driven robotic glove and functional electrical stimulation. Our aim is develop a glove-like orthosis for hand with the advantages of both technologies. This combined control strategy may have the potential to be used for hand rehabilitation.
ANF-mediated renal cGMP generation in congestive heart failure (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the biological actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) are mediated via increases in its intracellular second messenger guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Because cGMP egresses rapidly from target cells after ANF binding to particulate guanylate cyclase-linked receptors, extracellular cGMP may be a useful biological marker for the action of ANF in vivo under pathophysiological conditions. The present studies tested the hypothesis that the avid sodium retention and renal ANF resistance characteristic of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) are associated with attenuated renal cGMP responses to ANF. We assessed the natriuretic and cGMP responses to endogenous and exogenous ANF during the evolution of CHF produced by 6 days of rapid ventricular pacing in conscious dogs (n = 6). Simultaneous measurement of plasma and urinary cGMP concentrations allowed determination of the net renal generation of cGMP, an indicator of the renal contribution to total urinary cGMP excretion. In early CHF, increased sodium excretion and renal cGMP production were observed in association with increases in plasma ANF. Exogenous ANF administration (10 micrograms/kg iv) before CHF also produced parallel increases in sodium excretion and renal cGMP production. In more advanced CHF produced by 6 days of pacing, we observed avid sodium retention in association with reversal of earlier increases in renal cGMP production despite progressive increases in circulating ANF. Natriuretic and renal cGMP responses to exogenous ANF were similarly attenuated in chronic CHF. These studies suggest that 1) renal cGMP production is a useful biological marker for the renal natriuretic action of ANF; 2) endogenous ANF contributes to the maintenance of sodium excretion in early CHF via increases in renal cGMP production; and 3) the avid sodium retention and renal ANF resistance in advanced CHF are, in part, linked to attenuated renal cGMP responses to endogenous and exogenous ANF.
Designing ASICs with UAHPL (1995)

Discussed the progress made in putting together a UAHPL based design automation system using software tools developed locally and in U.S. universities. The UAHPL language is used as the front-end specification medium because of its close relation to hardware implementation issues. The system is modular and technology independent so that future extensions and specific implementation issues can be added and modified. The work carried out so far has targeted semicustom design and standard cell methodologies. The front-end of the system, up to the netlist, is independent of technology and architecture. The output of this stage can be conveniently mapped to programmable devices (PLDs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sheet resistance measurement for process monitoring of 400 &#x00B0;C PureB deposition on Si (2015)

Sheet-resistance test-structures to determine conductance along the interface formed by 400°C pure boron (PureB) deposition on silicon are presented. The structures are straightforward to fabricate and measure for monitoring either directly after deposition or end-of-line. This provides valuable information on the perfection of the deposition and the series resistance of PureB (photo)diodes.