gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weak Antilocalization and Quantum Oscillations of Surface States in Topologically Nontrivial DyPdBi(110)Half Heusler alloy (2018)

Recently, a number of ternary half-Heusler compounds have been predicted independently by several research groups as candidates for 3D topological insulators. In this work, we report the observation of a two-dimensional (2D) weak antilocalization (WAL) effect, one of the hall-marks of topological surface states, and Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) quantum oscillations in <110> oriented DyPdBi (DPB) thin films grown on MgO (100) substrates. The films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique under the optimized conditions, showed a textured structure with (110) planes parallel to the (100) plane of MgO. The measured WAL effect follows the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) model and the extracted values of phase coherence length (l<sub>ϕ</sub>) and α are ~420 nm and ~-0.52 respectively. The power law variation of l<sub>ϕ</sub> (~T<sup>-0.46</sup>) indicates the presence of the 2D surface states in DPB film. The Dirac nature of the surface states is further confirmed by Landau-level fan diagram analysis of SdH oscillations of the magneto-transport data. This analysis shows a finite Berry phase of 0.90π ± 0.16, reasonably close to the expected π value. Sheet Carrier density, n<sub>s</sub> ~ 2.56 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>, calculated from the SdH oscillations (f<sub>SdH</sub> ~ 106 T) and Hall measurements agree well with each other. These findings demonstrate that the half Heusler DPB thin films (~15-20 nm) can be used as a suitable material for investigating the novel intrinsic quantum transport properties of surface Dirac fermions.
An Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of the Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of the Healing Medial Collateral Ligament in a Goat Model (2003)

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the most frequently injured ligaments in the knee. Although it can heal spontaneously after rupture, laboratory studies have shown that the mechanical properties of the healing MCL remain inferior to normal for up to two years after injury (1). Additionally, the healing MCL has been shown to display increased amounts of stress relaxation and creep (2). In order to more completely describe the viscoelastic properties of healing ligaments, we propose to use the Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic (QLV) theory formulated by Fung (1972). This theory has been used to successfully describe the viscoelastic properties of many soft-tissues (3). Recently, our research center has developed an improved approach to determine the constants describing the QLV theory based on data collected from a stress relaxation experiment that utilizes a slow strain rate during loading. This approach allows for experimental errors that commonly result from fast strain rates to be avoided (ex. overshoot) (4). Therefore, the objective of this study were to use this new approach to determine the constants describing the quasi-linear viscoelastic behavior of the healing goat MCL at 12 weeks after injury.
<title>Application of artificial neural networks in mammography for the diagnosis of breast cancer</title> (1992)

Yuzheng Wu, Maryellen L. Giger, Kunio Doi, Charles B. Metz,Robert M. Nishikawa, Carl J. Vyborny, Robert A. SchmidtKurt Rossmann Laboratories for Racliologic Image ResearchDepartment of Radiology, MC2026The University of ChicagoChicago, illinois 60637ABSTRACTInterpretation of mammograms for the diagnosis of breast cancer is a difficult task. Weinvestigated the potential utility of neural networks in the analysis of mammographic data as an aidto radiologists in arriving at correct diagnoses. Three-layer, feed-forward networks with a back-propagation algorithm were employed in this study. The neural networks were trained for theinterpretation of mammograms based on: (a) features extracted from mammograms by expertradiologists; and (b) radiographic patterns of clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms,as represented by pixel values.Performance of the neural networks was evaluated by ROC analysis with jack-knifemethod on individual cases. The network that used human-extracted features as input performedwell in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions, yielding an A value of 0.95 in a testby the round-robin method for textbook cases. The performance of a neural network in mergingradiologist-extracted features of lesions to diagnose breast cancer was found to be higher than theaverage performance of attending and resident radiologists alone (without the aid of a neuralnetwork). The networks trained on digital mammograms also performed at a fairly high level,achieving an A value of 0.88 in detecting microcalcffications and demonstrated the potential tohelp reducing false-positive clusters produced by the rule-based detection scheme ofmicrocalcifications developed in our lab. The neural networks are capable of classifyingmammographic images on the basis of both extracted features and radiographic patterns, andtherefore, are potentially useful tools for mammographic interpretation.1. INTRODUCTIONArtificial neural networks, which constitute a non-algorithmic approach to informationprocessing, have been studied intensively in the field of computer science in recent years.13 Theseneural networks, which are capable of parallel-processing a large amount of informationsimultaneously, address problems not by pre-specified conventional algorithms, but rather bylearning from examples presented repeatedly. The popularity of neural networks is primarily dueto their apparent ability to make decisions and draw conclusions when presented with complex,noisy, or partial information and to adapt their behavior to the nature of the training data.Neural networks have been applied to medical imaging and decision-making in recent yearsand have been shown to be a powerful tool for pattern recognition and data classification.414Among the applications, neural networks have been employed in attempts to interpret neonatal
Entanglement generation and routing in optical networks (2014)

New telecom wavelength sources of polarization entangled photon pairs allow the distribution of entanglement through metro-access networks using standard equipment. This is essential to ease the deployment of future applications that can profit from quantum entanglement, such as quantum cryptography.
Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke: T2* Measures of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Their Relationship to T1 Estimates and Hemorrhagic Transformation (2010)

Both rR and %Recovery can be readily extracted from a routine perfusion MR imaging dataset and show potential for identifying HT during the acute phase poststroke.
Selective plasma etching of ZrOx to Si using inductively coupled BCl3∕C4F8 plasmas (2006)

In this study, the etch characteristics of ZrOx and the etch selectivity to Si were investigated using BCl3∕C4F8 plasmas. The etching mechanism was also investigated. Increasing the C4F8 percentage to 4% formed a C–F polymer layer on the silicon surface due to the increased flux ratio of CFx∕F to the substrate, while no such C–F polymer was formed on the ZrOx surface due to the removal of carbon from CFx by the oxygen in ZrOx. By using 3–4% C4F8 in the BCl3∕C4F8 mixture, infinite etch selectivity of ZrOx to silicon and photoresist could be obtained while maintaining the ZrOx etch rate above 400Å∕min.
Sodium chloride in preparative free‐flow cell electrophoresis: Recent developments (1996)

Three buffer systems for free-flow electrophoresis have been designed, which proved useful for performing cell electrophoresis in the presence of 50 mM NaCl. Each system consists of one central cell suspension buffer with 50 mM NaCl, two margin buffers, and two electrode buffers. With the aid of a bromophenol blue/maxilon blue accumulation test the various buffers were adjusted to ensure a laminar flow and remain unchanged on their way through an electrophoresis chamber.
Polyphenols Could Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Modulating the Expression of miRNAs in the Host Cells (2021)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses which following virus attachment and entry into the host cell, particularly type 2 pneumocytes but also endothelial cells, release RNA into cytosol where it serves as a matrix for the host translation machinery to produce viral proteins. The viral RNA in cytoplasm can interact with host cell microRNAs which can degrade viral RNA and/or prevent viral replication. As such host cellular miRNAs represent key cellular mediators of antiviral defense. Polyphenols, plant food bioactives, exert antiviral properties, which is partially due to their capacity to modulate the expression of miRNAs. The objective of this work was to assess if polyphenols can play a role in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 associated complications by modulating the expression of host miRNAs. To test this hypothesis, we performed literature search to identify miRNAs that could bind SARS-CoV-2 RNA as well as miRNAs which expression can be modulated by polyphenols in lung, type 2 pneumocytes or endothelial cells. We identified over 600 miRNAs that have capacity to bind viral RNA and 125 miRNAs which expression can be modulated by polyphenols in the cells of interest. We identified that there are 17 miRNAs with both the capacity to bind viral RNA and which expression can be modulated by polyphenols. Some of these miRNAs have been identified as having antiviral properties or can target genes involved in regulation of processes of viral replication, apoptosis or viral infection. Taken together this analysis suggests that polyphenols could modulate expression of miRNAs in alveolar and endothelial cells and exert antiviral capacity.
Determination of methylparaben in o/w emulsions by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. (2003)

A simple, fast, and accurate solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a 1-cc Oasis HLB cartridge for sample clean-up followed by an HPLC analysis for the assay of methylparaben (MP) in an o/w emulsion is described. One milliliter of methanol followed by 1 ml of 10% methanol in water was used to activate the cartridge sorbent. The sample was loaded into the cartridge and MP was then separated from oil-soluble excipients by washing the cartridge with 1 ml of 10% CH(3)CN in water. MP was finally eluted from the cartridge with mobile phase, acetonitrile and water (60:40), and quantified by HPLC analysis on a Nova-pak(R) C-18 column at 254 nm.
Bilirubin inhibits iNOS expression and NO production in response to endotoxin in rats (2004)

The inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO), HO-1, has been shown to play an important role in attenuating tissue injury. Because HO-1 catalyzes the rate-limiting step in bilirubin synthesis, we examined the hypothesis that bilirubin is a key mediator of HO-1 cytoprotection, employing a rat model of endotoxemia. Bilirubin treatment resulted in improved survival and attenuated liver injury in response to lipopolysaccharide infusion. Serum levels of NO and tumor necrosis factor alpha, key mediators of endotoxemia, and hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were significantly lower in bilirubin-treated rodents versus control animals. Both intraperitoneal and local administration of bilirubin also was found to ameliorate hindpaw inflammation induced by the injection of lambda-carrageenan. Consistent with in vivo results, bilirubin significantly inhibited iNOS expression and suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. In contrast, bilirubin treatment induced a threefold increase in LPS-mediated prostaglandin synthesis in the absence of significant changes in cyclooxygenase expression or activity, suggesting that bilirubin enhances substrate availability for eicosanoid synthesis. Bilirubin had no effect on LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor kappaB or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, consistent with a nuclear factor kappaB-independent mechanism of action. Taken together, these data support a cytoprotective role for bilirubin that is mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of iNOS expression and, potentially, through stimulation of local prostaglandin E2 production. In conclusion, our findings suggest a role for bilirubin in mollifying tissue injury in response to inflammatory stimuli and support the possibility that the phenomenon of "jaundice of sepsis" represents an adaptive physiological response to endotoxemia. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Adaptive Write Interference Management with Efficient Mapping for Shingled Recording Disks (2019)

Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) is a novel disk technology that partially overlaps adjacent disk tracks for high storage density. The partial overlap creates write interference between tracks, and overwriting a track requires to rewrite all its downstream tracks. Inspired by the highly unequal track modify probabilities under real workloads, we propose moving frequently modified tracks toward a downstream, deliberately reserved track, called a guard track, to reduce the extent of write interference. We also introduce a low-cost, seek-optimized scheme for efficient logical-to-physical address mapping. Experimental results showed that our approach outperformed a popular design by 54% and 55% on average in terms of write response time and total disk writes, respectively.
All-frequency relighting of glossy objects (2006)

We present a technique for interactive rendering of glossy objects in complex and dynamic lighting environments that captures interreflections and all-frequency shadows. Our system is based on precomputed radiance transfer and separable BRDF approximation. We factor glossy BRDFs using a separable decomposition and keep only a few low-order approximation terms, each consisting of a purely view-dependent and a purely light-dependent component. In the precomputation step, for every vertex, we sample its visibility and compute a direct illumination transport vector corresponding to each BRDF term. We use modern graphics hardware to accelerate this step and further compress the data using a nonlinear wavelet approximation. The direct illumination pass is followed by one or more interreflection passes, each of which gathers compressed transport vectors from the previous pass to produce global illumination transport vectors. To render at run time, we dynamically sample the lighting to produce a light vector, also represented in a wavelet basis. We compute the inner product of the light vector with the precomputed transport vectors, and the results are further combined with the BRDF view-dependent components to produce vertex colors. We describe acceleration of the rendering algorithm using programmable graphics hardware and discuss the limitations and trade-offs imposed by the hardware.
Contribution au confort de l'embrayage (2007)

The driving comfort perceived by the driver is as important for the commercial success of a vehide as its dynamic performances or its fuel efficiency. Unfortullately, though, this element is much more difficult to measure and to master that the last two. During the conception and the final fine tuning of a new car vast efforts are made to insure a correct level of the different comfort performances. This performances depend on most of the components of the vehicle and impose strict constraints on the technical choices available to the engineers. Considering in particular the performances of the powertrain, the clutch is a key element for the driving comfort during standing start and gear shifting manoeuvres in Manual Transmission and Automated Manual Transmission cars, which constitute the vast majority of the European automotive park. The increase of peak delivered torque by modern turbocharged engines together with the current trend of reduction of the transmission shafts stiffness makes it increasingly difficult to improve or even keep the current level of comfort while designing new models. The objective of this thesis is thus to analyse the clutch comfort and to possibly find innovative ways of improving it. Since the meehanieal conception of the various elements eomposing the drivcline has long since been optimised the main foeus will be on a more holistic system view of the problem.
An expectation-maximization eigenvector clustering approach to direction of arrival estimation of multiple speech sources (2016)

This paper presents an eigenvector clustering approach for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple speech signals using a microphone array. Existing clustering approaches usually only use low frequencies to avoid spatial aliasing. In this study, we propose a probabilistic eigenvector clustering approach to use all frequencies. In our work, time-frequency (TF) bins dominated by only one source are first detected using a combination of noise-floor tracking, onset detection and coherence test. For each selected TF bin, the largest eigenvector of its spatial covariance matrix is extracted for clustering. A mixture density model is introduced to model the distribution of the eigenvectors, where each component distribution corresponds to one source and is parameterized by the source DOA. To use eigenvectors of all frequencies, the steering vectors of all frequencies of the sources are used in the distribution function. The DOAs of the sources can be estimated by maximizing the likelihood of the eigenvectors using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the root-mean-square error (RMSE) for DOA estimation of multiple speech sources compared to the MUSIC algorithm implemented on the single-source dominated TF bins and our previous clustering approach.
Correlation between metastatic potential and variants from colorectal tumor cell line HT-29 (2003)

The selected variant HT-29d cell exhibited an enhanced metastatic potential. The level of uPA and PAI-1 is positively correlated with the metastatic capacity of tumor cells. The expression of PI3-kinase correlates with tumor development and metastasis.
Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation (2011)

The radiolysis of water due to ionizing radiation results in the production of electrons, H· atoms, ·OH radicals, H3O+ ions and molecules (dihydrogen H2 and hydrogen peroxide H2O2). A brief history of the development of the understanding of water radiolysis is presented, with a focus on the H2 production. This H2 production is strongly modified at oxide surfaces. Different parameters accounting for this behavior are presented.
The Languages of Childhood: The Discursive Construction of Childhood and Colonial Policy in French West Africa (2004)

In spite of the deceptive familiarity of the terrain, childhood, that stage of life that we are all supposed to experience, resists easy definition. Our fascination with childhood experiences has created an international boom in autobiographies and children’s literature, as well as in self-help manuals and in discourses, programs and policies concerning child abuse and child crime. The images of children as “victims,” “rebels” or “the hope of the future” that appear and reappear in these discourses suggest that we actually construct childhood as an object of concern, and that these constructions are products of a particular period and a particular cultural framework. These “languages of childhood,” however, are usually foreign to children and to childhood taken as a phenomenological experience, for they are produced by adults attempting to understand their own or others’ childhood. The difficulties involved in attempting to understand children and their history have also become a source of debate about the social sciences as disciplines.
Experimental Evidence of Mechanical Frequency Comb in a Quad-Mass Mems Structure (2021)

Challenging applications and the increasing request of higher performances of MEMS devices are focusing the attention of the MEMS community on the understanding and modelling of complex dynamic phenomena. In this work, we experimentally detect a mechanical frequency comb arising in a quad-mass MEMS structure electrostatically actuated through comb fingers electrodes and we propose a simplified model able to predict such nonlinear dynamic behaviour. In particular, we hypothesize a 1:3 internal resonance between two in-plane modes of the structure and exhibit the presence of a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation responsible of frequency comb phenomena.
A Wideband 400 MHz-to-4 GHz Direct RF-to-Digital Multimode <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex> </formula> Receiver (2014)

A wide-tuning-range low-power sigma-delta-based direct-RF-to-digital receiver architecture is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. A flat signal transfer function is chosen to support wide-frequency-range radios. A multilevel (two-bit) nonreturn-to-zero DAC improves jitter immunity to enable a high dynamic range, and, with a class-AB low-noise transconductance amplifier, guarantees a highly linear front end. For a 4 MHz signal, the peak SNDR of the receiver exceeds 68 dB and is better than 60 dB across the 400 MHz to 4 GHz carrier frequency range. By virtue of utilizing a negative feedback digitizer close to the antenna, an IIP3 of +10 dBm is achieved while dissipating only 40 mW from 1.1 V/1.5 V supply voltages.
Highly sensitive CE-ESI-MS analysis of N-glycans from complex biological samples (2019)

The in-depth, high-sensitivity characterization of the glycome from complex biological samples, such as biofluids and tissues, is of utmost importance in basic biological research and biomarker discovery. Major challenges often arise from the vast structural diversity of glycans in combination with limited sample amounts. Here, we present a method for the highly sensitive characterization of released N-glycans by combining a capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) approach with linkage-specific derivatization of sialic acids and uniform cationic reducing end labelling of all glycans. This method allows the analysis of glycans at the attomole level, provides information on sialic acid isomers and enables the in-depth characterization of complex samples, even when available in minute amounts.
Eubacterial SpoVG Homologs Constitute a New Family of Site-Specific DNA-Binding Proteins (2013)

A site-specific DNA-binding protein was purified from Borrelia burgdorferi cytoplasmic extracts, and determined to be a member of the highly conserved SpoVG family. This is the first time a function has been attributed to any of these ubiquitous bacterial proteins. Further investigations into SpoVG orthologues indicated that the Staphylococcus aureus protein also binds DNA, but interacts preferentially with a distinct nucleic acid sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis and domain swapping between the S. aureus and B. burgdorferi proteins identified that a 6-residue stretch of the SpoVG α-helix contributes to DNA sequence specificity. Two additional, highly conserved amino acid residues on an adjacent β-sheet are essential for DNA-binding, apparently by contacts with the DNA phosphate backbone. Results of these studies thus identified a novel family of bacterial DNA-binding proteins, developed a model of SpoVG-DNA interactions, and provide direction for future functional studies on these wide-spread proteins.