gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound therapy system and ablation results utilizing miniature imaging/therapy arrays (2005)

Array-based imaging and therapy systems have several advantages over single element approaches, and it was previously shown that the imaging and therapy functionality may be combined into dual-mode arrays. In this work, minimally invasive, miniature (2.2 mm /spl times/ 50 mm aperture, 3.3 mm diameter) dual-mode linear arrays have been developed into probes with high acoustic power output (100 W, and >120 W/cm/sup 2/ at the source), high transmit efficiency (>65% typical), and good imaging performance (3.4 MHz center frequency, 50% fractional bandwidth, >100 mm deep field of view). These therapy / imaging probes have been integrated into a flexible intense ultrasound surgery platform which also includes conventional diagnostic imaging probes. A system architecture has been developed which includes a 64-channel therapy driver with software selection of array aperture and phasing (1/16th wavelength), frequency (0.5-8 MHz), drive amplitude (5 W/channel, nominal), mechanical rotational steering (/spl plusmn/180 degrees), and temporal sequencing/switching of imaging, and therapy modes. The array-based imaging/therapy system has produced encouraging results in preclinical studies of bulk tissue ablation, imaging and treatment monitoring of liver in vitro and in vivo, examples of which are presented. The system can be applied to ablation of other soft tissue pathologies, e.g. kidney, heart, uterus, brain, GI, etc.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Ether Synthesis from Aliphatic Alcohols and Potassium Organotrifluoroborate Salts. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
OrigamiBot-I: A thread-actuated origami robot for manipulation and locomotion (2014)

This paper presents OrigamiBot-I, a thread-actuated origami robot, to demonstrate a physical application of an origami design for robotic manipulation and locomotion. The selected design can generate twisting and bending motions by pulling, pushing, or torsional force applied to the origami structure. Thread-based actuation also enables various shapes and motions by using different numbers of threads and routing them through different paths. The kinematics for each twisting and bending motions based on estimated parameters is derived. To evaluate potential use of origami for real-world applications and identify structural weaknesses, preliminary stiffness and durability testing was conducted. For physical demonstrations of robotic manipulation and locomotion, OrigamiBot-I was equipped with four independently-routed threads, where each thread is controlled by a geared DC motor. The robot successfully demonstrated its simple manipulation and locomotion capabilities.
Bioecology and Vectorial Capacity of <I>Aedes albopictus</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macao, China, in Relation to Dengue Virus Transmission (2005)

Abstract Until 2001, the Chinese Territory of Macao had not registered any autochthonous dengue cases, despite the abundance of Aedes albopictus (Skuse), a known vector. This work describes a bioecological characterization of the local Ae. albopictus adult population, with the purpose of estimating the receptivity of Macao to dengue introduction. In the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 and the dry season of 1998, Ae. albopictus was the most abundant human-biting mosquito. Daily biting rates of 314 mosquitoes per person were recorded in the wet season with a reduction to 94 in the dry season. Ae. albopictus was mainly exophagic and exophilic and had a human blood index of 44%. The parity rate of field-collected mosquitoes was 57%. Daily survival rate ranged from 91 to 97%. Estimates of vectorial capacity ranged from 144 to 880, depending on what parameter values were used. These estimates indicated a great receptivity for the introduction of dengue viruses, as the 2001 outbreak came to prove.
The fabrication of and performance of L.E.D.'s and detectors from the Ga/In/As alloy system (1976)

The preparation and performance of GaAs and GaInAs 1.06µm LEDs and 1.15µm detectors is described. In each case the basic device material is prepared by a vapour phase hydride growth process and p-n junctions are grown-in during epitaxy by switching dopant sources during growth. LED 'p' type doping levels in the 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> - 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> holes/ cc range are used to assess the trade off of device speed and radiance with carrier density. These results are given and so demonstrate the possibility of fabricating LEDs with 3dB modulation bandwidths exceeding 500 MHz. Life test data on these LEDs is also reported. Detectors with quantum efficiency of 80% at 1.15 microns and RC limited rise times of 5 nsec are obtained and their I-V characteristics given.
Synthesis of CpM(CO)3–DAB and –PAMAM Dendrimer Conjugates and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Biological Activity (2015)

Abstract Dendrimers of different generations and core structures [diaminobutane poly(propylenimine) (DAB) G1, G2, G3; poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G1] were chosen as carriers for bioactive organometallic half‐sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO) 3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re) to study the influence of these parameters on their biological activity against cancer cells. Structure–activity relationships were determined by variation of the metal center as well as the type, molecular weight, and number of terminal functional groups of the dendrimer conjugates. All conjugates were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as HPLC. Their biological activity was determined on MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells by the resazurin assay. Interestingly, the most‐active compounds were the first‐generation dendrimer conjugates. The Mn and Re series showed nearly the same activities. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the dendrimer conjugates does not seem to directly correlate with the type or number of terminal functional groups. Rather, it points to a mechanism of action that is different from that previously observed for peptide conjugates with similar CpM(CO) 3 functional groups.
Systematic Review of the Preclinical Technology Readiness of Orthopedic Gene Therapy and Outlook for Clinical Translation (2021)

Bone defects and improper healing of fractures are an increasing public health burden, and there is an unmet clinical need in their successful repair. Gene therapy has been proposed as a possible approach to improve or augment bone healing with the potential to provide true functional regeneration. While large numbers of studies have been performed <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> in small animal models that support the use of gene therapy for bone repair, these systems do not recapitulate several key features of a critical or complex fracture environment. Larger animal models are therefore a key step on the path to clinical translation of the technology. Herein, the current state of orthopedic gene therapy research in preclinical large animal models was investigated based on performed large animal studies. A summary and an outlook regarding current clinical studies in this sector are provided. It was found that the results found in the current research literature were generally positive but highly methodologically inconsistent, rendering a comparison difficult. Additionally, factors vital for translation have not been thoroughly addressed in these model systems, and the risk of bias was high in all reviewed publications. These limitations directly impact clinical translation of gene therapeutic approaches due to lack of comparability, inability to demonstrate non-inferiority or equivalence compared with current clinical standards, and lack of safety data. This review therefore aims to provide a current overview of ongoing preclinical and clinical work, potential bottlenecks in preclinical studies and for translation, and recommendations to overcome these to enable future deployment of this promising technology to the clinical setting.
Development of a high sensitivity bioanalytical method for alprazolam using ultra‐perfor‐mance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2010)

Abstract A rapid, specific, assay was developed for the benzodiapine alprazolam in rat plasma using sub‐2 µm particle liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The limit of quantification using protein precipitation was determined to 10 pg/mL, whereas the limit of quantification using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was determined to be 1.0 pg/mL. The assay was optimized for throughput and resolution of the analyte of interest from the hydroxy metabolite. During the method development process the plasma matrix signal was monitored, for lipids and other endogenous metabolites, to maximize signal response and minimize ion suppression. This was achieved by using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a novel collision cell design which allowed for the simultaneous collection of full scan MS and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) data. The lipid profile from the SPE process was significantly less than obtained with the protein precipitation approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Magnesium phosphates as dietary supplements for growing sheep (1973)

SUMMARY Growing wether sheep in metabolism cages were fed a low phosphorus diet (0·75g P/day) supplemented with 1·75 g P/day as either a magnesium phosphate (20·0% Mg, 18·5% P) or a calcium magnesium phosphate (16·1% Ca, 6·0% Mg, 18·5% P). In addition, the magnesium phosphate provided 1·87 g Mg/day and the calcium magnesium phosphate 0·57 g Mg/day. In each case comparisons were made with equivalent amounts of phosphorus and magnesium supplied as dicalcium phosphate (26·5% Ca, 16·0% P) and magnesium oxide (60·0% Mg). All the supplements resulted in similar positive phosphorus retentions of between 0·77and 0·92 g P/day compared with a daily loss of 0·17 g P/day for the low phosphorus diet. Calcium retentions were higher (1·40 and 1·70 g Ca/day) whendicalcium phosphate rather than the magnesium phosphates (1·16 g Ca/day) were given. Magnesium retentions were increased from 0·1 g Mg/day (unsupplemented) to 0·3–0·4 gMg/day and were similar for both magnesium oxide and the magnesium phosphates. Blood phosphorus and magnesium concentrations were increased to a similar degree by all forms of supplementation.
Experiences with Blending HTTP, RTSP, and IMS (2007)

Although the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based IMS network has attained attention for IP voice and video telephony networks, the popular and prevalent Web and streaming video applications are supported by real time streaming protocol (RTSP) and HTTP proxy networks. The current trend of maintaining disparate SIPbased IMS, RTSP, and HTTP proxy networks introduce added cost due to the duplication of network components, separate maintenance functions, and scaling inefficiency. Service providers’ requirements to reduce such costs, call for the development of a solution that integrates the three proxy networks into a single hybrid platform. This article depicts the vision of such a hybrid platform, exemplified by two blended prototypes — shared streaming video application and the multimedia proxy. It is through the development of such applications that a path to an enhanced or extended IMS architecture encompassing the three proxy networks is possible. This article describes approaches promising the synthesis of IMS, HTTP, and RTSP based networks into integrated platforms that pioneer convergence to the vision. This article investigates a future, possible expansion of IMS to harmonize SIP, HTTP, and RTSP service delivery. The objective of this article is to initiate discussion and research.
Photoemissive Materials for 0.35μm Laser Fiducials in X-ray Streak Cameras* (1984)

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's laser fusion program makes extensive use of soft x-ray streak cameras for the diagnosis of laser irradiated targets. The capability of simultaneously recording the laser pulse and the x-ray flux in the streak camera will enhance the utility of the instrument. A program is under way to identify photocathode materials able to photoemit efficiently for soft x-rays (sub-Kev) and the 0.35μm (3.5ev) wavelength of the future NOVA fusion 1aser facility.
An Investigation into the Role of Solvation in a Well Characterized Chiral Recognition System (1991)

Abstract The effect of mobile phase composition upon the thermodynamic parameters of enantiomer adsorption and separation has been studied using a well characterized chiral recognition system. The separation of the enantiomers of a series of N-(2-naphthyl) alanine derivatives on an N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) leucine-derived chiral stationary phase using various mobile phases was studied at several temperatures. Van't Hoff analysis of the chromatographic data was performed to determine the enthalpy and entropy of enantiomer adsorption and separation. In general, increased enantioselectivities were seen for the less polar mobile phases, although analytes containing polar sites in addition to those required for chiral recognition did show greater enantioselectivities in polar mobile phases capable of solvating these superfluous polar groups.
Characterization of the Reader Width Using the Micro-Track Test in Perpendicular Recording (2012)

Micro-track test is a valuable tool used to characterize the electrical reader width in perpendicular recording. The test is based on trimming both sides of a track written with a single tone and followed by a cross-track scan of the remaining track. The reader cross-track profile or read sensitivity function is characterized by a narrow band measurement of the read-back signal as a function of cross-track position. With increasing track density, the signal amplitude decreases due to incomplete media saturation and to an increase in the off-track noise due to percolation and opposite polarity media saturation. These effects cause a lump at the edge of the micro-track profile that changes the width of the profile (MT10 and MT50). Micro-magnetic analysis indicates that the off-track demagnetization field creates a track-edge section in the media with opposite polarity relative to the originally written track. This section is coherent with the main track and decreases the read-back signal during the scan of the micro-track. Consequently, the shape of the cross-track read sensitivity function becomes distorted, causing a reduction in MT10 and a side lump. The solution to this problem is to increase the amplitude of the micro-track read-back signal by reduced trimming and by the use of a higher density (KFCI) in the main track that minimizes the off-track demagnetization field. These test improvements are shown to preserve the integrity of the micro-track profile and to enable an accurate measurement of MT10 and MT50. Optimizing reader and writer widths in perpendicular recording requires an accurate measurement of these parameters.
Synthesis of homochiral amino alcohols, aziridines and diamines via homochiral cyclic sulphites (1991)

Vicinal diols react with thionyl chloride to give 1,2-cyclic sulphites in quantitative yield, which undergo facile ring opening by lithium azide in dimethylformamide to yield azido alcohols and the latter in turn have been stereoselectively transformed into amino alcohols, aziridines and diamines.
Chemical Engineering Design and Analysis (1998)

Students taking their first chemical engineering course plunge into the 'nuts and bolts' of mass and energy balances and often miss the broad view of what chemical engineers do. This 1998 text offers a well-paced introduction to chemical engineering. Students are first introduced to the fundamental steps in design and three methods of analysis: mathematical modeling, graphical methods, and dimensional analysis. The book then describes how to apply engineering skills, such as how to simplify calculations through assumptions and approximations; how to verify calculations, significant figures, spreadsheets, graphing (standard, semi-log and log-log); and how to use data maps. In addition, the book teaches engineering skills through the design and analysis of chemical processes and process units in order to assess product quality, economics, safety, and environmental impact. This text will help undergraduate students in chemical engineering develop engineering skills early in their studies. Lecturer's solution manual available from the publisher on request.
Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed Ti-6Al-4V Coatings (2013)

Abstract The present study deals with the production and characterization of Ti-6Al-4V coatings produced by cold spraying. All experiments were performed using nitrogen as the process gas. By systematic variation of spray parameters up to a nitrogen gas temperature of 1000 °C and pressure of 5 MPa, the coatings could be tuned for optimum mechanical properties. Attainable coating properties are described in terms of a newly introduced coating quality parameter based on the ratio of particle velocity to critical velocity. The new parameter, η, is used both to interpret and predict coating properties.
A heuristics approach to automatic data flow diagram layout (2002)

A heuristics method for the automatic placement of data flow diagrams (DFDs) is presented. It fulfills the whole set of aesthetics requirements for a nice DFD layout within an acceptable time bound. The system allocates the process with most data flows at the center of a 2-D grid space and effectively handles the positional preference for entities, processes, and data stores. The test cut function detects any crisscrossing of data flows and any cutting of DFD objects. The pop function pops up to those objects of high intersection weight to the upper layer under aesthetics optimization. This 3-D DFD contains only linear data flows with all crisscrossings eliminated. A noncutting connection between two objects can be seen clearly by rotating the 3-D DFD at every 90/spl deg/ step. Thus, the heuristics method realizes the abstraction of automatic diagram creation.
Measurement of Steel Phase Transformation Kinetics by Dilatometry and in-Situ Neutron Diffraction – a Comparative Study (2012)

Solid-state phase transformation kinetics between ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) phases in a C-Mn steel were investigated by the dilatometry and in-situ neutron diffraction methods, respectively. Dilatometry is commonly used to study the phase transformation kinetics. It infers the allotropic phase transformation from the overall dimensional changes, e.g., the diameter changes of the specimen, during heating and/or cooling. In this regard, it is an indirect measurement technique. Alternatively, neutron diffraction directly detects and measures the individual phases as they present during different stages of phase transformation. A comparative study was made in this work between the dilatometry and the in-situ neutron diffraction methods. The comparison shows that dilatometry analysis would cause the under-estimation of austenite phase evolution as a function of temperature due to the drastic deviation of linear expansion assumption of austenite as function of temperature.
Aligning Latent Spaces for 3D Hand Pose Estimation (2019)

Hand pose estimation from monocular RGB inputs is a highly challenging task. Many previous works for monocular settings only used RGB information for training despite the availability of corresponding data in other modalities such as depth maps. In this work, we propose to learn a joint latent representation that leverages other modalities as weak labels to boost the RGB-based hand pose estimator. By design, our architecture is highly flexible in embedding various diverse modalities such as heat maps, depth maps and point clouds. In particular, we find that encoding and decoding the point cloud of the hand surface can improve the quality of the joint latent representation. Experiments show that with the aid of other modalities during training, our proposed method boosts the accuracy of RGB-based hand pose estimation systems and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art on two public benchmarks.
The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST): implications for clinical practice (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Discussion CREST results Conclusions References
Analysis of Jet Angle Effect About Hot Rolled Steel Plate Spray Cooling Based on Simulation (2007)

Spray cooling of the hot rolled steel plate was simulated,by using Finite Element Coupling numerical simulation.On the condition of fix distance(H) between jet and hot rolled steel plate,it deduced the rules of hot rolled steel plate temperature at different jet angle and studied the effects of the role of gravity in spray cooling.
The method for integrating FBAR with circuitry on CMOS chip (2005)

A method is described to integrate a 3/spl times/2 ladder type film bulk acoustic wave (FBAR) filter on a CMOS chip. The modified Mason equivalent circuit model is used to simulate the FBAR characteristics. The filter is designed by the insertion loss method to meet the requirements. A low noise amplifier (LNA) has been designed and manufactured by the UMC 0.18 /spl mu/m process. By the use of a post CMOS process, the FBAR filter structure can be realized on a CMOS chip. Finally, the mass loading frequency trimming method can adjust the center frequency of the FBAR. The feasibility of integration can be proved by this method.
A modeling and observational study of East Antarctic surface mass balance (1996)

We examine simulations of the surface mass balance of the sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet between 2.4°W and 110.5°E as produced by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Unified Climate Model. Estimates of the actual mass balance of this sector can be obtained from glaciological observations of snow accumulation and from studies of the atmospheric water vapor budget using radiosonde observations. The former technique gives an average sector accumulation of 104 mm yr −1 , and the latter yields 157 mm yr −1 . The modeled accumulation in this sector, 122 mm yr −1 , lies between these two estimates, suggesting that the model can accurately represent the processes controlling surface mass balance. However, examination of the atmospheric water vapor budget in the model shows that only 30% of the water vapor precipitated in this sector is carried by resolved‐scale transport. Although the model produces the “correct” accumulation in present‐day climate simulations, it is not clear that this would change appropriately if the model were used to simulate future climates. By producing synthetic estimates of water vapor transport at radiosonde station locations we have used the model data to investigate the uncertainties in estimating sector accumulation from radiosonde data. The results of this study indicate that the radiosonde technique will tend to overestimate sector accumulation, thus reconciling the two observational estimates.
Solid phase microextraction with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization introduction to mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometryPresented at Pittcon 2002. (2002)

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) introduction was coupled to mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry. Nicotine and myoglobin in matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzonic acid (DHB), enkephalin and substance P in alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnaminic acid were investigated as the target compounds. The tip of an optical fiber was silanized for extraction of the analytes of interest from solution. The optical fiber thus served as the sample extraction surface, the support for the sample plus matrix, and the optical pipe to transfer the laser energy from the laser to the sample. The MALDI worked under atmospheric pressure, and both an ion mobility spectrometer and a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer were used for the detection of the SPME/MALDI signal. The spectra obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the SPME with MALDI introduction to mass spectrometry instrumentation.