gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale InP Photonic Integrated Circuits: Enabling Efficient Scaling of Optical Transport Networks (2007)

An overview of commercially available large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in indium phosphide is provided. Results of 100-Gb/s PICs that are field-deployed in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) networks is provided, along with development results showing scaling of both channel count and channel bit rate to implement next-generation PICs with an aggregate capacity of 1.6 Tb/s. Use of PIC-enabled WDM systems allows affordable optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion and the implementation of "digital" optical networks with enhanced sub-wavelength reconfigurable bandwidth management, digital performance monitoring, and protection features. PICs will enable the continued capacity scaling required for next-generation IP core networks and support of high-bandwith 40-G and 100-GbE service connectivity between core routers
Editorial (1998)

Hart, Lawrence E. MB.BCh., M.Sc.; Stratford, Paul W. M.Sc., P.T.; Tarnopolsky, Mark M.D. Ph.D.; Lotter, Ann; Hart, Lawrence E. M.B., B.Ch., M.Sc. Author Information
Accountable Care Organizations (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Study of design parameters of flapping-wings (2014)

As one of the most important components of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV), the design of an energy-efficient flapping-wing has been a research interest recently. Research on insect flight from different perspectives has been carried out, mainly with regard to wing morphology, flapping kinematics, and unsteady aerodynamics. However, the link between the wing morphology and kinematics with passive pitching has been neglected in flapping-wing design. To address this, a model based on a quasi-steady aerodynamic model and the passive pitching motion was made. To simplify the model and make optimization more feasible, the wing is modeled as a stiff plate with uniform mass distribution and a torsional spring at the wing root. An optimization is conducted with the objective of minimizing power consumption for hovering flight using the six most influential wing morphological and kinematic parameters as design variables. The sensitivity of lift generation and power consumption to all the parameters is analyzed. Compared to traditional artificial wings with straight leading edges as pitching axis, wings with a part of wing area in front of the pitching axis and smaller aspect ratio are able to perform more energy-efficient hovering flights. Preliminary design suggestions regarding the selection of wing shape and kinematics for FWMAVs are given.
Free-space optical channel propagation tests over a 147-km link (2011)

A free-space optical communications link spanning 147 km between the islands of Hawaii and Maui was studied as part of AFRL's IRON-T2 program and in support of risk reduction efforts for DARPA's ORCA program in September/October 2008. Over 14 days, the performance of a 10-Gbps bi-directional link was tested during different periods of the day. This paper will present the test configuration, discuss the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the 10 Gbps link, and compare its performance to the available turbulence measurements. Additionally, modeling of the link configuration will be presented and comparisons will be made to collected data including local C<sub>n</sub> <sup>2</sup> to understand the impact of atmospheric turbulence on future long distance links.
Prolongation of the BOR-60 reactor operation (2015)

The fast neutron reactor BOR-60 is one of the key experimental facilities worldwide to perform large-scale tests of fuel, absorbing, and structural materials for advanced reactors. The BOR-60 reactor was put into operation in December 1969, and by the end of 2014 it had been operating on power for ∼265,000 hours. BOR-60 still demonstrates potential capabilities to extend the lifetime of sodium-cooled fast reactors. The BOR-60 lifetime should have expired at the end of 2014. Over the past few years, a great scope of work has been performed to justify the possibility of extending its lifetime. The work included inspection of the equipment conditions, calculations and experimental research on operating parameters and the conditions of nonremovable components, investigation of the structural material samples after their long-term operation under irradiation, etc. Based on the results of the work performed, the residual lifetime was evaluated and the reactor operator made a decision to extend the lifetime period of the BOR-60 reactor. After considering both a set of documents about the reactor conditions and the positive decision of independent experts, the Regulatory Authority of the Russian Federation extended the BOR-60 operating license up to 2020.
Long-Term Opioid Treatment (2013)

Tolerance is a natural occurrence in long-term treatment of chronic pain with opioids, not necessarily a slippery slope to addiction.
Investigation of learning and experience curves (1980)

The applicability of learning and experience curves for predicting future costs of solar technologies is assessed, and the major test case is the production economics of heliostats. Alternative methods for estimating cost reductions in systems manufacture are discussed, and procedures for using learning and experience curves to predict costs are outlined. Because adequate production data often do not exist, production histories of analogous products/processes are analyzed and learning and aggregated cost curves for these surrogates estimated. If the surrogate learning curves apply, they can be used to estimate solar technology costs. The steps involved in generating these cost estimates are given. Second-generation glass-steel and inflated-bubble heliostat design concepts, developed by MDAC and GE, respectively, are described; a costing scenario for 25,000 units/yr is detailed; surrogates for cost analysis are chosen; learning and aggregate cost curves are estimated; and aggregate cost curves for the GE and MDAC designs are estimated. However, an approach that combines a neoclassical production function with a learning-by-doing hypothesis is needed to yield a cost relation compatible with the historical learning curve and the traditional cost function of economic theory.
An Android Application Sandbox system for suspicious software detection (2010)

Smartphones are steadily gaining popularity, creating new application areas as their capabilities increase in terms of computational power, sensors and communication. Emerging new features of mobile devices give opportunity to new threats. Android is one of the newer operating systems targeting smartphones. While being based on a Linux kernel, Android has unique properties and specific limitations due to its mobile nature. This makes it harder to detect and react upon malware attacks if using conventional techniques. In this paper, we propose an Android Application Sandbox (AASandbox) which is able to perform both static and dynamic analysis on Android programs to automatically detect suspicious applications. Static analysis scans the software for malicious patterns without installing it. Dynamic analysis executes the application in a fully isolated environment, i.e. sandbox, which intervenes and logs low-level interactions with the system for further analysis. Both the sandbox and the detection algorithms can be deployed in the cloud, providing a fast and distributed detection of suspicious software in a mobile software store akin to Google's Android Market. Additionally, AASandbox might be used to improve the efficiency of classical anti-virus applications available for the Android operating system.
Ceramide stimulates a cytosolic protein phosphatase. (1992)

A sphingomyelin cycle has been identified whereby the action of certain extracellular agents results in reversible sphingomyelin hydrolysis and the concomitant generation of ceramide. Moreover, a cell-permeable ceramide, C2-ceramide (N-acetylsphingosine), is a potent modulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. We report herein that C2-ceramide, C6-ceramide, and natural ceramides activate a cytosolic serine/threonine protein phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner. Initial activation is observed at concentrations of ceramide as low as 0.1 microM with peak response occurring at 5-10 microM. However, other closely related sphingolipids, sphingosine and sphingomyelin, were largely inactive. Ceramide-stimulated phosphatase was inhibited by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases, with an IC50 of 0.1-1 nM, depending on the concentration of ceramide. Ceramide-stimulated phosphatase was insensitive to Mg2+ and Mn2+ cations. Using sequential anion exchange chromatography, ceramide-stimulated phosphatase activity could be resolved from ceramide-nonresponsive phosphatases. The activity of partially purified enzyme was stimulated 3.5-fold by ceramide. The identification of a phosphatase as a molecular target for the action of ceramide defines a novel intracellular signaling pathway with potential roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
Traffic Sign Recognition Based on Multilayer Perceptron Using DWT and DCT (2019)

Self-driving cars are the future of the transportation sector, with the safety of passengers and their surroundings of paramount concern. As the technology for these cars advances, the industry will require an accurate and fast traffic sign recognition system. Many useful algorithms accurately recognize traffic signs; however, the speed of recognition is essential. The purpose of this study is to improve the speed of recognition while maintaining the accuracy of the image recognition system. The proposed system consists of normalization, feature extraction, compression, and classification. The images were normalized through gray scaling and anisotropic diffusion. The discrete wavelet transform and the discrete cosine transform extracted the essential features of the images as well as decreased the size. A three-layer feed-forward multilayer perceptron completed the analysis and classification. The execution speed improved significantly due to the size reduction of the input images where the best algorithms maintained a recognition accuracy of 96% using three traffic sign datasets: BTS, GTSRB, and TSRD.
Direct device-to-device transfer protocol: A new look at the benefits of a decentralized I/O model (2015)

Current I/O devices communicate based on the PCIe protocol, and by default, all the traffic passes through the CPU-memory complex. However, this approach causes bottleneck in system throughput, which increases latency and power as the CPU processes device specific protocols to move data between I/O devices. This paper examines the cost of this centralized I/O approach and proposes a new method to perform direct device-to-device I/O communication. Our proof-of-concept implementation using NetFPGA shows that latency can be reduced by more than 2×, CPU utilization can be reduced by up to 18%, and CPU power can be decreased by up to 31 W.
Product placement detection based on image processing (2014)

Product positioning in stores is of importance for the manufacturers. With this aim, the placement on shelves is done according to some documents named planograms. To check whether the placement is in compliance with the planogram, manufacturers need tools to gather information easily. In this work, using existing image processing techniques, we aim for the automation of planogram compliance control. We propose a novel technique for inventory management with the assumption that we can extract meaningful information from images using planogram context. The controller will be able to capture a photograph of the shelves and upload to the server to be processed by our system. The system is composed of three modules: 1) shelf detection, 2) product detection and 3) brand recognition. Basically, we make use of Hough Transform, Cascade Object Detection algorithm, and Support Vector Machines for the modules respectively. We test each module separately on a dataset we collected with cigarette products.
Improved synthesis and application of conjugation-amenable polyols from d-mannose (2020)

A series of polyhydroxyl sulfides and triazoles was prepared by reacting allyl and propargyl d-mannose derivatives with selected thiols and azides in thiol-ene and Huisgen click reactions. Conformational analysis by NMR spectroscopy proved that the intrinsic rigidity and linear conformation of the mannose derived polyol backbone is retained in the final click products in solution. Single crystal X-ray structure determination of one of the compounds prepared further verified that the linear conformation of the polyol segment is also retained in the solid state. In addition, an improved method for direct Barbier-type propargylation of unprotected d-mannose is reported. The new reaction protocol, involving tin-mediated propargylation in an acetonitrile-water mixture, provides access to multigram quantities of the desired, valuable alkyne polyol without relying on protecting group manipulations or chromatographic purification.
Randomized trial of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist istradefylline in advanced PD (2003)

Istradefylline was generally well tolerated and reduced "off" time as assessed by home diaries. Severity of dyskinesia was unchanged, but "on" time with dyskinesia increased.
Yellow Fever Virus NS3 Plays an Essential Role in Virus Assembly Independent of Its Known Enzymatic Functions (2008)

In flaviviruses it has been proposed that there is a coupling between genome replication and virion assembly and that nonstructural proteins are involved in this process. It was previously reported that mutations in yellow fever virus (YFV) nonstructural protein NS2A blocked production of infectious virus and that this block could be released by a suppressor mutation in NS3. Here, based on studies using a YFV replicon-based trans-packaging system as well as full-length YFV cDNA, we report that mutation of a conserved tryptophan at position 349 in the helicase domain of NS3 blocks production of infectious virus particles, revealing an as-yet-unknown role for NS3 in virus assembly. Mutation of tryptophan 349 to alanine (W349A) had no effect on viral replication, as demonstrated by wild-type levels of viral RNA amplification and protein expression in W349A-transfected cells. Although release of infectious virus was not detected, release of capsidless subviral particles was not blocked. The assembly defect in W349A could be trans-complemented inefficiently using BHK-REP cells (a cell line containing persistently replicating YFV replicon RNA). trans-complementation was also demonstrated by supplying wild-type NS2B-3 or NS3 protein alone as well as by supplying inactive NS2B-3 protein, indicating that this function of NS3 in virus assembly was independent of its known enzymatic functions.
Concise Graphical Representations of Student Effort on Weekly Many Small Programs (2021)

In recent years, hundreds of CS1 classes have adopted a many small programs (MSP) approach to weekly programming assignments. The MSP approach involves assigning students several smaller programming assignments per week, for example 5-7, versus the traditional one larger program (OLP) per week. This shift is largely made possible by easy-to-use program auto-graders that have arisen in recent years. Such auto-graders make grading so many programs feasible, while also providing students with immediate feedback. The MSP approach has been shown to yield advantages that include earlier starts, reduced anxiety, increased confidence, the ability to switch to another program if stuck, better exam performance, and less attrition, with analysis showing students easily transition to larger programs later. We desired to gain insight on how our CS1 students were working through our weekly MSPs. Thus, in 2018, we began exploring automated creation of concise representations of student behavior while they developed their programs, what we call "workflow charts". We used a popular commercial auto-grader that has a built-in development environment and provides detailed log files of every program compile/run by each student. We describe the goals of such a representation, the evolution of our representation to its current status, various design trade-offs, our current usage, and numerous possible future uses in CS1 classes. We plan to create a website for any instructor to upload such log files to gain insight on their own class' performance.
Women Have Reduced Ability to Discriminate Body Odors During the Withdrawal Period of Oral Contraception (2019)

If women indeed consider men's body odor in their mate selections, then the oral contraception withdrawal period may not be the best time to make such decisions.
Effects of SmartStax® and SmartStax® PRO maize on western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) larval feeding injury and adult life history parameters (2023)

Field-evolved resistance of the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) proteins Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 (now classified as Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1) expressed in the pyramid SmartStax® has been documented in areas of the United States (U.S.) Corn Belt. SmartStax® PRO is a recently registered rootworm-active pyramid containing the same Bt proteins expressed in SmartStax® plus DvSnf7 dsRNA. Little to no published data is available comparing efficacy of the technologies or potential effects of dietary exposure on adult WCR fitness. Therefore, experiments were conducted to compare effects of adult WCR dietary exposure to SmartStax® and SmartStax® PRO on life history parameters and efficacy of the technologies in the field with both Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant WCR populations. WCR life history parameters evaluated included adult longevity, head capsule width, egg production, and egg viability. Results of small-plot field trials indicated that both technologies provided a high level of root protection when a Bt-susceptible WCR population was present. Root protection was reduced on SmartStax® but maintained on SmartStax® PRO when WCR Bt resistance occurred. Lifetime egg production was the key life history parameter that was significantly reduced when either Bt-susceptible or Bt-resistant adult WCR were fed SmartStax® or SmartStax® PRO diet. A potential fitness advantage was apparent as egg production was significantly higher in the Bt-resistant than Bt-susceptible population. The similar response by the Bt-susceptible WCR population to SmartStax® and SmartStax® PRO indicates that results were caused by sublethal dietary exposure to Bt proteins. Adult size (males < females) and egg viability (high: >95%) were not significantly different among treatments but longevity results were inconsistent between years. Collectively, the field efficacy and life history parameter data expand existing knowledge of SmartStax® and SmartStax® PRO technologies, which will inform practical WCR resistance management programs.
Guided-Mode Resonance Polarizers With 200-nm Bandwidth (2011)

Design, fabrication and characterization of wideband guided-mode resonance polarizers with a single silicon layer are presented. The fabricated polarizer has an extinction ratio of ~670:1 at central wavelength λc = 1563 nm.
Gate-all-around Si-nanowire CMOS inverter logic fabricated using top-down approach (2007)

We present, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">for</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">the</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">first</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">time</i> , the monolithic integration of Gate-Ail-Around (GAA) Si-nanowire FETs into CMOS logic using top-down approach. The drive currents for N-and P-MOS transistors are matched using different number of channels for each to obtain symmetric pull-up and pull-down characteristics. Sharp ON-OFF transitions with high voltage gains (up to -45) are obtained which are best reported among the nanowire and carbon nanotube inverters. The inverters maintain their good transfer characteristics and noise margins for a wide range of VDD values, down to 0.2 V. Short circuit current at 0.2 V VDD is ~6 pA indicating excellent potential of these devices for low voltage and ultra low power applications. These results excel those reported in the literature for nanowire as well as FinFET (non-classical CMOS) inverters.
Loss of NFIX Transcription Factor Biases Postnatal Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Toward Oligodendrogenesis (2015)

Murine postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes (OLs); however, our knowledge of the genes that control this lineage specification is incomplete. In this study, we show that nuclear factor I X (NFIX), a transcription factor known to regulate NSC quiescence, also suppresses oligodendrogenesis (ODG) from NSCs. Immunostaining reveals little or no expression of NFIX in OL lineage cells both in vivo and in vitro. Loss of NFIX from subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs results in enhanced ODG both in vivo and in vitro, while forced expression of NFIX blocks NSC differentiation into OLs in vitro. RNA-seq analysis shows that genes previously shown to be differentially expressed in OL progenitors are significantly enriched in RNA from Nfix(-/-) versus wild-type NSCs. These data indicate that NFIX influences the lineage specification of postnatal SVZ NSCs, specifically suppressing ODG.
New Methodology for Verifying the Homogeneity of the Bitumen in the Production of Warm Mix with High Recycle Rate (2012)

The high rate of recycling of asphalt mixes expands and reduces the use of bitumen and natural aggregates. In parallel, the advent of warm production processes results in energy savings through lower processing temperatures. The mechanical performance of recycled asphalt mixes and their durability depend on good knowledge of the asphalt mix binder by the mixing of new and aged bitumen. It is therefore essential to control the improvement of the interaction of aged bitumen in the recycling of asphalt mixes. In order to characterize the mixing between filler bitumen and bitumen to be recycled, a new analysis methodology based on extraction with a solvent and infrared analysis of the asphalt mix binder has been developed. The method is coupled to its evaluation in microscopic observation and measurement of the functional mechanical performance of asphalt produced at different temperatures and according to several mixing times. This innovative approach allows control, by controlling the mixing between the constituents, of the quality of recycled asphalt mixes at high rate. Two examples of application of the method are presented. (A)