gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA), an Algorithm with a Spatial Constraint for the Automatic Search of Endmembers in Hyperspectral Data (2008)

Spectral mixing is a problem inherent to remote sensing data and results in fewimage pixel spectra representing "pure" targets. Linear spectral mixture analysis isdesigned to address this problem and it assumes that the pixel-to-pixel variability in ascene results from varying proportions of spectral endmembers. In this paper we present adifferent endmember-search algorithm called the Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA).SPA builds on convex geometry and orthogonal projection common to other endmembersearch algorithms by including a constraint on the spatial adjacency of endmembercandidate pixels. Consequently it can reduce the susceptibility to outlier pixels andgenerates realistic endmembers.This is demonstrated using two case studies (AVIRISCuprite cube and Probe-1 imagery for Baffin Island) where image endmembers can bevalidated with ground truth data. The SPA algorithm extracts endmembers fromhyperspectral data without having to reduce the data dimensionality. It uses the spectralangle (alike IEA) and the spatial adjacency of pixels in the image to constrain the selectionof candidate pixels representing an endmember. We designed SPA based on theobservation that many targets have spatial continuity (e.g. bedrock lithologies) in imageryand thus a spatial constraint would be beneficial in the endmember search. An additionalproduct of the SPA is data describing the change of the simplex volume ratio between successive iterations during the endmember extraction. It illustrates the influence of a newendmember on the data structure, and provides information on the convergence of thealgorithm. It can provide a general guideline to constrain the total number of endmembersin a search.
Moments and power generated by the horse (Equus caballus) hind limb during jumping (2004)

The ability to jump over an obstacle depends upon the generation of work across the joints of the propelling limb(s). The total work generated by one hind limb of a horse and the contribution to the total work by four joints of the hind limb were determined for a jump. It was hypothesized that the hip and ankle joints would have extensor moments performing positive work, while the knee would have a flexor moment and perform negative work during the jump. Ground reaction forces and sagittal plane kinematics were simultaneously recorded during each jumping trial. Joint moment, power and work were determined for the metatarsophalangeal (MP), tarsal (ankle), tibiofemoral (knee) and coxofemoral (hip) joints. The hip, knee and ankle all flexed and then extended and the MP extended and then flexed during ground contact. Consistent with our hypothesis, large extensor moments were observed at the hip and ankle joints and large flexor moments at the knee and MP joints throughout ground contact of the hind limb. Peak moments tended to occur earlier in stance in the proximal joints but peak power generation of the hind limb joints occurred at similar times except for the MP joint, with the hip and ankle peaking first followed by the MP joint. During the first portion of ground contact (approximately 40%), the net result of the joint powers was the absorption of power. During the remainder of the contact period, the hind limb generated power. This pattern of power absorption followed by power generation paralleled the power profiles of the hip, ankle and MP joints. The total work performed by one hind limb was 0.71 J kg(-1). Surprisingly, the knee produced 85% of the work (0.60 J kg(-1)) done by the hind limb, and the positive work performed by the knee occurred during the first 40% of the take-off. There is little net work generated by the other three joints over the entire take-off. Velocity of the tuber coxae (a landmark on the pelvis of the animal) was negative (downward) during the first 40% of stance, which perhaps reflects the negative work performed to decrease the potential energy during the first 40% of contact. During the final 60% of contact, the hip, ankle and MP joints generate positive work, which is reflected in the increase of the animal's potential energy.
Alpha-fetoprotein as a tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma: investigations in south Indian subjects with hepatotropic virus and aflatoxin etiologies (2008)

The overall positivity pattern of AFP in HCC does indicate that higher levels of AFP are observed with hepatitis virus positivity, especially with HBV. Further studies must be carried out to correlate the serum levels of AFP with the size, number, and degree of differentiation of HCC nodules.
0383 Use of an O*NET based job exposure matrix to predict prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a large pooled cohort (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if job title based physical exposure measures predicted prevalent carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in a large pooled cohort of workers. <h3>Method</h3> We pooled baseline examination data from six prospective cohort studies, restricting analyses to those employed at least 1 year. CTS was defined as median neuropathy plus typical symptoms. Physical exposure estimates for static strength, dynamic strength, time spent making repetitive motions, and time handling objects were extracted from the Occupational Network (O*NET) database using Standard Occupational Classification codes based on reported job title. Three exposure categories of high force/ high repetition, low force/ low repetition, and mixed high and low exposures were entered into logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, employed time and study site. <h3>Results</h3> Of 3562 in the pooled cohort, 7.6% met a prevalent CTS definition with mean employed time of 7.9 years (SD 8.2). Compared to subjects with low job requirements for dynamic strength and repetitive motion, those with mixed exposures or high exposures showed increased prevalence of CTS (OR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.01–2.11 and OR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.15–4.67, respectively). Similar dose dependent associations of combined exposures were shown for all exposure combinations tested, with high/high combinations having the largest effect sizes (OR range 2.32–3.17) relative to the low force/low repetition exposure combinations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Use of job-title based exposures was useful for demonstrating associations with prevalent CTS. Jobs with combined high exposures of force and repetition showed consistently greater risk of CTS compared to jobs with lower exposure levels.
PROTECTION PERFORMANCE AGAINST STORM SURGE DUE TO VERTICAL TELESCOPIC BREAKWATER (2017)

本研究では，開口部を有する防波堤の高潮に対する水位低減効果を，高潮津波シミュレータSTOC-MLと3次元波動水槽CADMAS-SURF/3D(CS3D)を用いて検討し，その評価手法の確立を目的とした．STOC-MLを用いた開口部を通過する流速は，CS3Dによる計算結果ならびに水位差を用いたBernoulli式から得られる流速と整合し，その妥当性を示すとともに，開口部の流量分布をCS3Dと比較した結果から，STOC-MLにおける開口率を，見かけ上低減する必要があることがわかった．また，計算結果を整理し，入射条件（波高，周期），構造物条件（開口率等）を用いた港内水位の概算評価手法を提案した．
CASSIUS: Designing Dynamic Subscription and Awareness Services (2002)

CASSIUS is an awareness server which assists users in designing subscriptions for maintaining awareness of events within work, physical and social environments. This environment is designed to work with a wide range of awareness tools using desktop computers, mobile devices and ambient fixtures[4]. This work investigates the requirements for creating ad-hoc subscriptions -- a subscription that is created either by the user or a software agent, and which only exists for a brief period of time. Design guidelines are proposed that help address the problem inherent in having users invest effort in creating a subscription which may last for only the few minutes in which they are in a specific location or context.
Distributed Agent-Based Computing in Material-Embedded Sensor Network Systems With the Agent-on-Chip Architecture (2014)

Distributed material-embedded systems like sensor networks integrated in sensorial materials require new data processing and communication architectures. Reliability and robustness of the entire heterogeneous environment in the presence of node, sensor, link, data processing, and communication failures must be offered, especially concerning limited service of material-embedded systems after manufacturing. In this paper, multiagent systems with state-based mobile agents are used for computing in unreliable mesh-like networks of nodes, usually consisting of a single microchip, introducing a novel design approach for reliable distributed and parallel data processing on embedded systems with static resources. An advanced high-level synthesis approach is used to map the agent behavior to multiagent systems implementable entirely on microchip-level supporting agent-on-chip (AoC) processing architectures. The agent behavior, interaction, and mobility are fully integrated on the microchip using a reconfigurable pipelined communicating process architecture implemented with finite-state machines and register-transfer logic. The agent processing architecture is related to Petri Net token processing. A reconfiguration mechanism of the agent processing system achieves some degree of agent adaptation and algorithmic selection. The agent behavior, interaction, and mobility features are modeled and specified with an activity-based agent behavior programming language. Agent interaction and communication is provided by a simple tuple-space database implemented on node level and signals providing remote inter-node level communication and interaction.
StepFormer: Self-supervised Step Discovery and Localization in Instructional Videos (2023)

Instructional videos are an important resource to learn procedural tasks from human demonstrations. However, the instruction steps in such videos are typically short and sparse, with most of the video being irrelevant to the procedure. This motivates the need to temporally localize the instruction steps in such videos, i.e. the task called key-step localization. Traditional methods for key-step localization require video-level human annotations and thus do not scale to large datasets. In this work, we tackle the problem with no human supervision and introduce StepFormer, a self-supervised model that discovers and localizes instruction steps in a video. StepFormer is a transformer decoder that attends to the video with learnable queries, and produces a sequence of slots capturing the key-steps in the video. We train our system on a large dataset of instructional videos, using their automatically-generated subtitles as the only source of supervision. In particular, we supervise our system with a sequence of text narrations using an order-aware loss function that filters out irrelevant phrases. We show that our model outperforms all previous unsupervised and weakly-supervised approaches on step detection and localization by a large margin on three challenging benchmarks. Moreover, our model demonstrates an emergent property to solve zero-shot multi-step localization and outperforms all relevant baselines at this task.
CSPs Assembly Reliability (1997)

Reviews the many factors that affect interconnect reliability of emerging chip scale package (CSP) assemblies. These include: package type, package build, board design, and assembly variables.
A study of depressive typologies using grade of membership analysis (1988)

Grade of Membership (GOM) analysis, a multivariate technique for studying disease, was used to explore depressive typology and relationships between depression and anxiety. One hundred and ninety patients with RDC diagnoses of major or minor depression were assessed by the Hamilton and SCL-90 symptom rating scales, the Newcastle diagnostic indices for endogenous depression and for anxiety and depression. Demographic, family and treatment response information were used as external validators. Five pure types provided the most satisfactory solution to these data. One group corresponded to classical melancholia, occurring in older, stable, in-patients, who lacked panic-phobic symptoms. All patients with agoraphobia fell into two distinct in-patient and out-patient groups, which differed from each other in several ways. In one group, a link was found between panic attacks, agitated melancholia and familial pure depression. The second group was less symptomatic and had more atypical vegetative symptoms. Two more groups comprised mildly symptomatic, hypochondriacal, depression, and a highly neurotic, obsessive, anxious, non-phobic depression, which was commonly related to a physical stressor.
MITEA: A dataset for machine learning segmentation of the left ventricle in 3D echocardiography using subject-specific labels from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (2023)

Segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) in echocardiography is an important task for the quantification of volume and mass in heart disease. Continuing advances in echocardiography have extended imaging capabilities into the 3D domain, subsequently overcoming the geometric assumptions associated with conventional 2D acquisitions. Nevertheless, the analysis of 3D echocardiography (3DE) poses several challenges associated with limited spatial resolution, poor contrast-to-noise ratio, complex noise characteristics, and image anisotropy. To develop automated methods for 3DE analysis, a sufficiently large, labeled dataset is typically required. However, ground truth segmentations have historically been difficult to obtain due to the high inter-observer variability associated with manual analysis. We address this lack of expert consensus by registering labels derived from higher-resolution subject-specific cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images, producing 536 annotated 3DE images from 143 human subjects (10 of which were excluded). This heterogeneous population consists of healthy controls and patients with cardiac disease, across a range of demographics. To demonstrate the utility of such a dataset, a state-of-the-art, self-configuring deep learning network for semantic segmentation was employed for automated 3DE analysis. Using the proposed dataset for training, the network produced measurement biases of -9 ± 16 ml, -1 ± 10 ml, -2 ± 5 %, and 5 ± 23 g, for end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction, and mass, respectively, outperforming an expert human observer in terms of accuracy as well as scan-rescan reproducibility. As part of the Cardiac Atlas Project, we present here a large, publicly available 3DE dataset with ground truth labels that leverage the higher resolution and contrast of CMR, to provide a new benchmark for automated 3DE analysis. Such an approach not only reduces the effect of observer-specific bias present in manual 3DE annotations, but also enables the development of analysis techniques which exhibit better agreement with CMR compared to conventional methods. This represents an important step for enabling more efficient and accurate diagnostic and prognostic information to be obtained from echocardiography.
[Changes of mitochondria membrane potential and cytoplasmic cytochrome C in neuron apoptosis induced by benzo(a)pyrene]. (2010)

Loss of mitochondria membrane potential and increase of cytoplasma cytochrome C may be the main cause of neuron apoptosis induced by B(a)P.
Neutrophils in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Mechanisms and implications for management (2022)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic autoimmune diseases, which is typified by inflammatory necrosis predominantly affecting the small vessels and often accompanied by positive ANCA. Clinically, AAV primarily includes microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). It has been found that in AAV pathogenesis, both innate and adaptive immunity are related to neutrophil function mutually. Many proteins, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3), in neutrophil cytoplasm lead to the production of proteins such as MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA by activating adaptive immunity. In addition, through the process of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, activation of an alternative complement pathway and the respiratory burst can stimulate the neutrophils close to vascular endothelial cells and will participate the vessel inflammation. This review aims to reveal the potential mechanisms regulating the association between the neutrophils and various types of AAVs and to emphasize the results of recent findings on these interactions. Moreover, multiple underlying signaling pathways involved in the regulation of neutrophils during AAV processes have also been discussed. The ultimate goal of this review is to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AAV management in the future.
The acoustical diary as an innovative tool in soundscape evaluation (2004)

A new field study evaluating soundscapes investigates closely the reactions of traffic noise with a particular regard to the street surface. The combination of methods with different sensibilities for the subject’s process of perceiving and evaluating noise in such ambiences is necessary for a reliable and valid analysis and interpretation of data. Acoustic measurements are carried out in critical segments of the street as well as in the respective apartments of the inhabitants, which are questioned in narrative interviews. The acoustic measurements are taken simultaneously in the apartment and on the street. Apartments were selected which issue into the street; outside measurements are performed in front of the buildings on the sidewalk. During the interviews in the apartments the occurring noises are registered by noisebook. As a rule the measurement spot within the apartment is the area in which the interviewed person mostly resides, when he/she takes repose. Further analysis points out the importance of an extended evaluation with an acoustical diary which combines technical and sociological measurement procedures. Performance of the entire data collection process and first results will be discussed.
Silk Fibroin in Tissue Engineering (2012)

Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary field that aims at the in vitro engineering of tissues and organs by integrating science and technology of cells, materials and biochemical factors. Mimicking the natural extracellular matrix is one of the critical and challenging technological barriers, for which scaffold engineering has become a prime focus of research within the field of TE. Amongst the variety of materials tested, silk fibroin (SF) is increasingly being recognized as a promising material for scaffold fabrication. Ease of processing, excellent biocompatibility, remarkable mechanical properties and tailorable degradability of SF has been explored for fabrication of various articles such as films, porous matrices, hydrogels, nonwoven mats, etc., and has been investigated for use in various TE applications, including bone, tendon, ligament, cartilage, skin, liver, trachea, nerve, cornea, eardrum, dental, bladder, etc. The current review extensively covers the progress made in the SF-based in vitro engineering and regeneration of various human tissues and identifies opportunities for further development of this field.
The IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization 2022 (2023)

Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.
Unscented Kalman Filter for Brain-Machine Interfaces (2009)

Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) are devices that convert neural signals into commands to directly control artificial actuators, such as limb prostheses. Previous real-time methods applied to decoding behavioral commands from the activity of populations of neurons have generally relied upon linear models of neural tuning and were limited in the way they used the abundant statistical information contained in the movement profiles of motor tasks. Here, we propose an n-th order unscented Kalman filter which implements two key features: (1) use of a non-linear (quadratic) model of neural tuning which describes neural activity significantly better than commonly-used linear tuning models, and (2) augmentation of the movement state variables with a history of n-1 recent states, which improves prediction of the desired command even before incorporating neural activity information and allows the tuning model to capture relationships between neural activity and movement at multiple time offsets simultaneously. This new filter was tested in BMI experiments in which rhesus monkeys used their cortical activity, recorded through chronically implanted multielectrode arrays, to directly control computer cursors. The 10th order unscented Kalman filter outperformed the standard Kalman filter and the Wiener filter in both off-line reconstruction of movement trajectories and real-time, closed-loop BMI operation.
A new fuzzy based flood-fill algorithm for 3D NMR brain segmentation (2003)

Segmentation of images is one of the most difficult problems in the field of image processing. Especially medical images contain several problems of inter-individual variability and uncrisp data. In the paper a segmentation algorithm, based on region growing methods (often called flood-fill methods), is proposed. The region growing is supported by fuzzy rules to improve segmentation results. Beside the algorithm some results of the segmentation are presented.
Impact of FCGR3A V158F and FCGR2A H131R variants on ofatumumab efficacy in DLBCL and CLL. (2015)

e22085 Background: Ofatumumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that induces cell lysis primarily through complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Given ADCC is regulated by Fc-gamma receptors (FCGRs), two nonsynonymous variants were evaluated in 5 clinical studies for an association with ofatumumab efficacy. Methods: Germline DNA was collected for ofatumumab-treated subjects with DLBCL from OMB110927 and OMB110928 (81% (227/281)), and with CLL from OMB110911, OMB115991 and OMB114242 (89% (353/397)). FCGR3A V158F and FCGR2A H131R genotypes generated by validated TaqMan and Sanger sequencing assays were evaluated for association with improved ofatumumab efficacy. One-tailed tests were performed under an additive genetic model by exact logistic regression for overall response (OR) and a Cox proportional hazards model for progression-free survival (PFS). The significance threshold for the primary objective assessing FCGR3A 158V on OR was p < 0.05 in CLL and DLBCL. The threshold for remaining objectives was p < 0.02 in CLL and p < 0.01 in DLBCL. Results: In the primary DLBCL meta-analysis using the OMB110927 investigator-assessed and OMB110928 independent review committee OR evaluations, a non-significant improvement in OR to ofatumumab (n = 225; p = 0.059, odds ratio = 0.69 (95% CI 0.44, 1.10)) as well as a non-significant improvement in PFS (p > 0.01 hazards ratio = 0.82 (95% CI 0.62, 1.09)) was seen with FCGR3A V allele carriage. A post-hoc meta-analysis of the investigator-assessed efficacy endpoints in both DLBCL studies yielded a statistically significant improvement in OR (n = 225; p = 0.029, odds ratio = 0.62 (95% CI 0.38, 1.01)). There was no evidence of an effect of this variant on ofatumumab efficacy in CLL (p > 0.05). Also, there was no evidence of an effect of FCGR2A H131R on ofatumumab response in CLL (p > 0.02) or DLBCL (p > 0.01). Conclusions: A trend for improvement in response to ofatumumab with FCGR3A 158V allele carriage was observed in DLBCL. These results suggest a role of ADCC in ofatumumab treatment of DLBCL subjects, and subject to independent confirmation, that this variant may have value as a candidate marker for improved efficacy in that setting.