gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of HF Concentration on Physical and Electronic Properties of Electrochemically Formed Nanoporous Silicon (2009)

The most common fabrication technique of porous silicon (PS) is electrochemical etching of a crystalline silicon wafer in a hydrofluoric (HF) acid‐based solution. The electrochemical process allows for precise control of the properties of PS such as thickness of the porous layer, porosity, and average pore diameter. The effect of HF concentration in the used electrolyte on physical and electronic properties of PS was studied by visual color observation, measuring nitrogen sorption isotherm, field emission type scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was found that with decrease in HF concentration, the pore diameter increased. The PS sample with large pore diameter, that is, smaller nanocrystalline size of Si between the pores, was found to lead to a pronounced photoluminescence peak. The systematic rise of photoluminescence peak with increase of pore diameter and porosity of PS was attributed to quantum confinement. The changes in nanocrystalline porous silicon were also clearly observed by an asymmetric broadening and shift of the optical silicon phonons in Raman spectra. The change in electronic properties of PS with pore diameter suggests possibilities of use of PS material as a template for fundamental physics as well as an optical material for technological applications.
Anxiolytic-like Effects of Sanjoin-Tang Extracts and its Ingredients in the Elevated Plus-Maze in Mice (2004)

This study was carried out to evaluate the putative anxiolytic-1ike effects of the aqueous extracts of Sanjoin-tang (SJIT) and its ingredients using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test in mice. SJIT consists of five herbs, namely, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (roasted), Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and Hoelen. The aqueous extracts of SJIT and each herbal drug were orally administered to ICR mice, 1 hr before evaluating behavioral activity in the EPM test, respectively. Repeated treatments (for 3 days) of the aqueous extract of SJIT (400 mg/kg) significantly increased time-spend in the open arms and arms entries into the open arms in the EPM test. Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (400 mg/kg), an ingredient of SJIT, significantly increased timespent in the open arms and arm entries into the open arms (P receptor antagonist. These results suggest that Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (roasted) as an ingredient of SJIT plays a crucial anxiolytic role, and it acts via the serotonergic nervous system.
Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Lithium Carboxylate Frameworks and Guest-Dependent Photoluminescence Study (2014)

Five novel 3D lithium–organic frameworks, [Li2(H2pml)]·C4H8O2 (1, H4pml = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic or pyromellitic acid), [Li2(H2pml)] (2), [Li(H2tatab)]·5H2O (3, H3tatab = 4,4′,4″-s-triazine-1,3,5-triyltri-p-aminobenzoic acid), [Li11(H3O)(H2O)5(Html)6]·8C4H8O2 (4, H3tml = 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic or trimellitic acid), and [Li{Li(nmp)}{Li(H2O)(nmp)}{Li(nmp)2}2(H2tms)(Htms)2]·NMP·EtOH (5, H3tms = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic or trimesic acid, nmp = 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), were synthesized by solvothermal methods and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Compounds 1 and 2 feature the same framework composition but different guest-controlled structures and topology. Compound 4 consists of a unique undecanuclear Li carboxylate complex {Li11(H2O)5(RCOO)18} and contains pores with diameter 7 Å. Furthermore, compound 4 demonstrates highly pronounced guest-dependent photoluminescence behavior: nitrobenzene completely quenches the light emission, while toluene enhances it.
Auditory brainstem responses in patients with tinnitus (1981)

Masking tones may produce a temporary cessation of tinnitus after a masker is terminated. This after-effect of masking is called residual inhibition (RI). Twelve patients with tinnitus who displayed considerable RI were used in this study. Auditory brainstem responses to tone-pips were obtained before, during, and after RI was induced. The latency, amplitude, and interpeak interval of waves I, III, and IV–V were analyzed for changes related to the presence of tinnitus. Although changes were found in some cases no consistent feature was found to be correlated with tinnitus.
The Human Dorsal Action Control System Develops in the Absence of Vision (2008)

The primate dorsal pathway has been proposed to compute vision for action. Although recent findings suggest that dorsal pathway structures contribute to somatosensory action control as well, it is yet not clear whether or not the development of dorsal pathway functions depends on early visual experience. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the pattern of cortical activation in congenitally blind and matched blindfolded sighted adults while performing kinesthetically guided hand movements. Congenitally blind adults activated similar dorsal pathway structures as sighted controls. Group-specific activations were found in the extrastriate cortex and the auditory cortex for congenitally blind humans and in the precuneus and the presupplementary motor area for sighted humans. Dorsal pathway activity was in addition observed for working memory maintenance of kinesthetic movement information in both groups. Thus, the results suggest that dorsal pathway functions develop in the absence of vision. This favors the idea of a general mechanism of movement control that operates regardless of the sensory input modality. Group differences in cortical activation patterns imply different movement control strategies as a function of visual experience.
A KVM-Based Logging and Replay System for Debugging Non-Deterministic Executions (2010)

Our mission is to be a premier Centre of Excellence by offering strategic management consulting services, a global forum for innovation, training and certifications, publication and collaboration at both regional and international levels through and by the effort of recognizing outstanding scholarly and professional contributions of both individuals and organizations.
Coupled dynamics of translation and collapse of acoustically driven microbubbles (2002)

Pressure gradients drive the motion of microbubbles relative to liquids in which they are suspended. Examples include the hydrostatic pressure due to a gravitational field, and the pressure gradients in a sound field, useful for acoustic levitation. In this paper, the equations describing the coupled dynamics of radial oscillation and translation of a microbubble are given. The formulation is based on a recently derived expression for the hydrodynamic force on a bubble of changing size in an incompressible liquid [J. Magnaudet and D. Legendre, Phys. Fluids 10, 550-556 (1998)]. The complex interaction between radial and translation dynamics is best understood by examination of the added momentum associated with the liquid motion caused by the moving bubble. Translation is maximized when the bubble collapses violently. The new theory for coupled collapse and translation dynamics is compared to past experiments and to previous theories for decoupled translation dynamics. Special attention is paid to bubbles of relevance in biomedical applications.
2015 YILINDA ESNAFIMIZ KENDİNİ YENİLEMELİDİR (2015)

Recep Kalkan the chairman of the Chamber of Merchants and Craftsmen Credit and Bail and the Union Of Chamber Of Merchants, reports ‘Merchant Bail Cooperation was founded in 1953 and served well since the foundation. A system which was well designed and which could be used as the closest credit source for the tradesmen was carried. A cooperation sense which was not found anywhere in any country and this system continued since then. It is certainly an advantageous system for the tradesmen.’
SERS Identification of Quinone-imine Species as Oxidation Products of Antitumor Ellipticines (1996)

Oxidative transformations of 9-hydroxyellipticine (9-OH-E) andN2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium (NMHE) were performed in aqueous solutions. Electrochemical oxidation of 9-OH-E and biochemical and chemical oxidation of NMHE, were monitored by UV–visible absorption and their reaction products characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Spectroscopic analyses of the oxidation product obtained from the 2e− electrochemical process of 9-OH-E at Pt and Ag electrodes permitted the identification of the quinone-imine function. Comparison with the spectra of products resulting from the biooxidation of NMHE by the peroxidase–H2O2 system revealed the occurrence of the same reactive species. On the other hand, UV–visible and SERS analyses of the chemical oxidation of NMHE by sodium hypochlorite seem to indicate that this pathway is not efficient enough to generate such a primary quinone-imine oxidation species. In this case, only di-o-quinones were detected and identified as the main oxidation products. All the spectroscopic results of this study confirm the crucial role of the electrophilic quinone-imine function in the bio-oxidative metabolic transformation which leads to covalent adducts by trapping biological nucleophiles.
지능공간 어포던스의 디자인 적용 가능성 연구 (2014)

지능공간의 지속가능한 성능 확보를 위해서는 적극적인 생애주기 관리가 중요하다. 어포던스는 이용자에 대 한 행위 지원성을 의미하며, 지능공간에 대한 이용자의 만족도에 영향을 준다. 그러므로 지능공간의 생애주기 관리 과정에서 어포던스를 적절하게 계획하고 조절할 필요가 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 지능공간의 디자인 과정 에서 어포던스를 유용한 개념적 도구로 적용하는 가능성을 고찰하는 것이다. 먼저 어포던스 개념을 반영하여 지능공간 디자인 프로세스를 설정하고, 기존의 디자인 프로세스 모델들과 비 교하였다. 그 결과 본 연구의 디자인 프로세스가 인간 중심적 디자인이라는 관점에서 효용성이 높게 나타났다 . 그리고 지능공간 디자인의 주요 요소인 지능형 서비스 디자인과 어포던스 프로그래밍 각각의 예시 안(案)을 제시하였다. 이를 통하여 어포던스 속성의 디자인 적용 가능성을 파악하였다. 다음으로 사후 디자인 단계에서 어포던스 속성의 적용 가능성을 고찰 하였다. 지능공간 사례분석을 위한 개념 적 틀로 어포던스 속성 체계를 활용하여 실제 지능공간 구현 사례인 ‘Gini House’를 분석해 봄으로써 사례 분 석 도구로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 아울러 사후 디자인 평가와 재설계 단계에서도 어포던스 속 성 체계를 일관되게 적용하는 절차와 효용성을 파악하였다.
Enhanced release of liquid from carbon nanotubes due to entrainment by an air layer (2009)

It is shown that bi-layer (liquid/gas) flows through nanochannels (parallel carbon nanotube bundles) can result in a higher flow rate of liquid as compared to the case when the same liquid flows through the same channels subjected to the same pressure drop and occupies the whole bore. This enhancement of liquid flow happens because a much-less-viscous air layer moves so fast that it entrains the liquid layer occupying only a part of the nanochannel bore.
Effect of CV-3988, a specific antagonist against platelet activating factor, on homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the mouse ear. (1990)

Effect of CV-3988, a specific antagonist against platelet activating factor (PAF), on homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) elicited in the mouse ear was investigated. PAF caused a potent increase in vascular permeability in the mouse ear. The potency was slightly lower than that of serotonin but higher than those of histamine, leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4, prostaglandin (PG) E1 and PGE2 on a weight basis. The increased vascular permeability caused by PAF was inhibited by CV-3988 in a dose-dependent manner. CV-3988 did not affect the increase in vascular permeability caused by histamine or serotonin. IgG1 antibody-mediated PCA in the mouse ear was inhibited by CV-3988, although it did not affect IgE antibody-mediated PCA. These results suggest a possibility that PAF might be involved in IgG1 antibody-mediated PCA in the mouse.
Melanin content in melanoma metastases affects the outcome of radiotherapy (2016)

Melanin possess radioprotective and scavenging properties, and its presence can affect the behavior of melanoma cells, its surrounding environment and susceptibility to the therapy, as showed in vitro experiments. To determine whether melanin presence in melanoma affects the efficiency of radiotherapy (RTH) we evaluated the survival time after RTH treatment in metastatic melanoma patients (n = 57). In another cohort of melanoma patients (n = 84), the relationship between melanin level and pT and pN status was determined. A significantly longer survival time was found in patients with amelanotic metastatic melanomas in comparison to the melanotic ones, who were treated with either RTH or chemotherapy (CHTH) and RTH. These differences were more significant in a group of melanoma patients treated only with RTH. A detailed analysis of primary melanomas revealed that melanin levels were significantly higher in melanoma cells invading reticular dermis than the papillary dermis. A significant reduction of melanin pigmentation in pT3 and pT4 melanomas in comparison to pT1 and T2 tumors was observed. However, melanin levels measured in pT3-pT4 melanomas developing metastases (pN1-3, pM1) were higher than in pN0 and pM0 cases. The presence of melanin in metastatic melanoma cells decreases the outcome of radiotherapy, and melanin synthesis is related to higher disease advancement. Based on our previous cell-based and clinical research and present research we also suggest that inhibition of melanogenesis can improve radiotherapy modalities. The mechanism of relationship between melanogenesis and efficacy of RTH requires additional studies, including larger melanoma patients population and orthotopic, imageable mouse models of metastatic melanoma.
Doxorubicin loaded pH-sensitive micelle targeting acidic extracellular pH of human ovarian A2780 tumor in mice (2005)

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), loaded in pH-sensitive micelles poly(l-histidine) (M(n):5K)-b-PEG (M(n):5K) micelles. The micelles were designed to target the acidic extracellular pH of solid tumors. Studies of pH-dependent cytotoxicity, growth rate of the tumor, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were conducted. In vitro DOX uptake upon A2780 cells by incubating the cells in a pH 6.8 complete medium at a concentration of 20 microg DOX/ml in the micelle formulation was more than five times that of pH 7.4 condition for initial 20 min. In vivo pharmacokinetic data showed that AUC (area under concentration curve) and half life time (t(1/2)) (plasma half life) of DOX in the pH sensitive micelles increased about 5.8- and 5.2-fold of free DOX in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively. It appeared that DOX in the pH-sensitive micelles preferentially accumulated in the tumor site. The distributions at 12 h post injection in other organs including liver, kidney, spleen, lung and heart were not significantly different from those of DOX in PBS at a 6 mg DOX/kg dose. The in vivo test of anti-tumor activity was performed with human ovarian carcinoma A2780 which was subcutaneously xenografted in female nu/nu athymic mice. The pH-sensitive micelle formulation significantly retarded tumor growth rate without serious body weight loss. The triggered drug release by the reduced tumor pH is believed to be a major mechanism of the observed efficacy after passive accumulation of the micelles by EPR effect. This may have resulted in a local high dose of drug in the tested solid tumor.
Synthesis of Mg-B-C by Mechanical Alloying and Their Consolidation. (1998)

Mg-10at%B, Mg-20at%B, Mg-60at%B, Mg-75at%B and Mg-20at%B-5at%C were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of Mg powder, boron powder and graphite powder using a vibrational ball milling in argon gas atmosphere for 720ks. Mg-10at%B, like Mg, was agglomerated into a mass by continuous rolling during MA process. Boron addition was effect to produce powder, but the contamination of Fe from the vessel and balls increased with increasing boron content in the MA powder. Since Mg-20at%B synthesized by MA was very fine powder, it was able to consolidate at 573K under a pressure of 195MPa by pulsed current sintering process. The sintered body of Mg-20at%B has a homogeneous microstructure, a density of 1.82g/cm3 and a hardness of 90Hv. In case of Mg-20at%B-5at%C, hard particles were obtained during the MA process and changed into other phase during the sintering process.
Studies on back-streaming electrons onto a thermionic cathode in an RF gun (2001)

Aiming at production of high brightness electron beams with longer pulses than several μsec for applications to free electron lasers by use of an RF gun with a thermionic cathode, the adverse effect of back-streaming electrons onto the cathode surface were studied both experimentally and numerically. Temperature rises of the thermionic cathode surface due to the back-streaming electrons were observed directly by use of an infrared thermometer. From the measured temperature rises, powers of the back-streaming electron beams were, then, evaluated by use of a 0-dimensional model taking into account heat transfer through thermal radiation and thermal contact to the gun body, and comparisons were made with numerical results by use of a 2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code we have developed. Both by the experimental evaluation and by the particle-in-cell simulation, the beam power onto the cathode surface was found to increase with the increasing RF input to the RF gun cavities, and reach a considerable power compared to the cathode heater power supply.
A Review of the Limitations of Aluminum Thin Films on Semiconductor Devices (1975)

This paper reviews several time dependent reliability limitations of aluminum thin film metallization used on semiconductor devices., For each of the degradation modes, the present level of understanding as well as engineerlng data are presented. First, interactions of aluminum with the underlying silicon substrate, with silicon dioxide, and with gold are discussed. Then the time dependent degradation phenomena of electromigration, surface reconstruction, and corrosion are reviewed. A good understanding of all these limitations is important in the construction of reliable devices using this metallization.
AggMask: Exploring locally aggregated learning of mask representations for instance segmentation (2021)

Recently proposed one-stage instance segmentation models (\emph{e.g.}, SOLO) learn to directly predict location-specific object mask with fully-convolutional networks. They perform comparably well as the traditional two-stage Mask R-CNN model, yet enjoying much simpler architecture and higher efficiency. However, an intrinsic limitation of these models is that they tend to generate similar mask predictions for a single object at nearby locations, while most of them are directly discarded by non-maximum suppression, leading to a waste of some useful predictions that can supplement the final result. In this work, we aim to explore how the model can benefit from better leveraging the neighboring predictions while maintaining the architectural simplicity and efficiency. To this end, we develop a novel learning-based aggregation framework that learns to aggregate the neighboring predictions. Meanwhile, unlike original location-based masks, the segmentation model is implicitly supervised to learn location-aware \textit{mask representations} that encode the geometric structure of nearby objects and complements adjacent representations with context. Based on the aggregation framework, we further introduce a mask interpolation mechanism that enables sharing mask representations for nearby spatial locations, thus allowing the model to generate much fewer representations for computation and memory saving. We experimentally show that by simply augmenting the baseline model with our proposed aggregation framework, the instance segmentation performance is significantly improved. For instance, it improves a SOLO model with ResNet-101 backbone by 2.0 AP on the COCO benchmark, with only about 2\% increase of computation. {Code and models} are available at anonymous repository: {\url{https://github.com/advdfacd/AggMask}}.
Imaging the Binding Ability of Proteins Immobilized on Surfaces with Different Orientations by Using Liquid Crystals (2004)

We report an investigation of the binding ability of a protein immobilized on surfaces with different orientations but in identical interfacial microenvironments. The surfaces present mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11-[19-carboxymethylhexa(ethylene glycol)]undecyl-1-thiol, 1, and 11-tetra(ethylene glycol) undecyl-1-thiol, 2. Whereas 2 is used to define an interfacial microenvironment that prevents nonspecific adsorption of proteins, 1 was activated by two different schemes to immobilize ribonuclease A (RNase A) in either a preferred orientation or random orientations. The binding of the ribonuclease inhibitor protein (RI) to RNase A on these surfaces was characterized by using ellipsometry and the orientational behavior of liquid crystals. Ellipsometric measurements indicate identical extents of immobilization of RNase A via the two schemes. Following incubation of both surfaces with RI, however, ellipsometric measurements indicate a 4-fold higher binding ability of the RNase A immobilized with a preferred orientation over RNase A immobilized with a random orientation. The higher binding ability of the oriented RNase A over the randomly oriented RNase A was also apparent in the orientational behavior of nematic liquid crystals of 4-cyano-4'-pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) overlayed on these surfaces. These results demonstrate that the orientations of proteins covalently immobilized in controlled interfacial microenvironments can influence the binding activities of the immobilized proteins. Results reported in this article also demonstrate that the orientational states of proteins immobilized at surfaces can be distinguished by examining the optical appearances of liquid crystals.
Association of the HTR2C gene and antipsychotic induced weight gain: a meta-analysis (2007)

The 5-HT 2C receptor has been hypothesized to represent an important modulator in feeding behaviour.
Effective Information Extraction Framework for Heterogeneous Clinical Reports Using Online Machine Learning and Controlled Vocabularies (2017)

IDEAL-X adopts a unique online machine learning-based approach combined with controlled vocabularies to support data extraction for clinical reports. The system can quickly learn and improve, thus it is highly adaptable.
The Actions of a Novel Potent Islet β-Cell–Specific ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Opener Can Be Modulated by Syntaxin-1A Acting on Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 (2007)

Islet beta-cell-specific ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel openers thiadiazine dioxides induce islet rest to improve insulin secretion, but their molecular basis of action remains unclear. We reported that syntaxin-1A binds nucleotide binding folds of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) in beta-cells to inhibit K(ATP) channels. As a strategy to elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of these K(ATP) channel openers, we explored the possibility that 6-chloro-3-(1-methylcyclobutyl)amino-4H-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (NNC55-0462) might influence syntaxin-1A-SUR1 interactions or vice versa. Whole-cell and inside-out patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to examine the effects of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-syntaxin-1A dialysis or green fluorescence protein/syntaxin-1A cotransfection on NNC55-0462 actions. In vitro pull-down binding studies were used to examine NNC55-0462 influence on syntaxin-1A-SUR1 interactions. Dialysis of GST-syntaxin-1A into the cell cytoplasm reduced both potency and efficacy of extracellularly perfused NNC55-0462 in a HEK cell line stably expressing Kir6.2/SUR1 (BA8 cells) and in rat islet beta-cells. Moreover, inside-out membrane patches excised from BA8 cells showed that both GST-syntaxin-1A and its H3 domain inhibited K(ATP) channels previously activated by NNC55-0462. This action on K(ATP) channels is isoform-specific to syntaxin-1A because syntaxin-2 was without effect. Furthermore, the parent compound diazoxide showed similar sensitivity to GST-syntaxin-1A inhibition. NNC55-0462, however, did not influence syntaxin-1A-SUR1 binding interaction. Our results demonstrated that syntaxin-1A interactions with SUR1 at its cytoplasmic domains can modulate the actions of the K(ATP) channel openers NNC55-0462 and diazoxide on K(ATP) channels. The reduced levels of islet syntaxin-1A in diabetes would thus be expected to exert a positive influence on the therapeutic effects of this class of K(ATP) channel openers.