gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION EFFICIENCY IN DNA-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS. II. GENETIC STUDIES OF MUTANT INTEGRATING ALL THE MARKERS WITH A HIGH EFFICIENCY (1973)

Transformation of the pneumococcus mutant 401 by DNA's bearing the standard reference marker and several other markers belonging to two unlinked loci has shown that differences in the integration efficiencies of these markers were considerably reduced in this strain compared to the wild-type strain Cl(3). The sensitivities of mutant 401 to ultraviolet light and to X-ray irradiation are the same as those of Cl(3). However, in 401 all the markers tested are more resistant to inactivation as shown by transformation of 401 and Cl(3) by ultraviolet-irradiated DNA. The increase in resistance is greater for low efficiency (LE) markers than for high efficiency (HE) markers.-The decreased discrimination between LE and HE markers in strain 401 is not due to a mechanism related to modification of markers in the transforming DNA by the recipient cells, nor are the proteins inducing competence of the cells responsible for the differences in the integration efficiencies of various markers.-Genetic studies of the fate of recombinants as well as the measure of the amount of DNA taken up have shown that all the markers are integrated in strain 401 by the same recombination process, that specific to high efficiency markers.
A Na2WO4/H2WO4‐Based Highly Efficient Biphasic Catalyst towards Alkene Epoxidation, using Dihydrogen Peroxide as Oxidant (2005)

Abstract The tungsten‐containing biphasic catalytic system [Na 2 WO 4 /H 2 WO 4 /PTR/chloroacetic acid] effectively epoxidizes alkenes with 50% H 2 O 2 as terminal oxidant, under organic solvent‐free conditions. The catalytic process is proposed to proceed via a dinuclear tungsten peroxo species with coordinated chloroacetic acid, as suggested by ESI‐MS measurements. The catalytic system is suggested to involve tungsten‐peroxo and/or peracetic acid type of epoxidation catalyzed by the tungsten(VI) in the presence of an organic acid and H 2 O 2 . The reaction conditions employed for various alkenes for epoxidation are mild compared to the earlier studies and result in high product selectivity and conversion rate.
The Stellar Imager (SI): a revolutionary large-baseline imaging interferometer at the Sun-Earth L2 point (2004)

The Stellar Imager (SI) is a far-horizon or "Vision" mission in the NASA Sun-Earth Connection (SEC) Roadmap, conceived for the purpose of understanding the effects of stellar magnetic fields, the dynamos that generate them, and the internal structure and dynamics of the stars in which they exist. The ultimate goal is to achieve the best possible forecasting of solar/stellar activity and its impact on life in the Universe. The science goals of SI require an ultra-high angular resolution, at ultraviolet wavelengths, on the order of 0.1 milliarcsec and thus baselines on the order of 500 meters. These requirements call for a large, multi-spacecraft (>20) imaging interferometer, utilizing precision formation flying in a stable environment, such as in a Lissajous orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point. SI's resolution (several 100 times that of HST) will make it an invaluable resource for many other areas of astrophysics, including studies of AGN's, supernovae, cataclysmic variables, young stellar objects, QSO's, and stellar black holes. In this paper, we present an update on the ongoing mission concept and technology development studies for SI. These studies are designed to refine the mission requirements for the science goals, define a Design Reference Mission, perform trade studies of selected major technical and architectural issues, improve the existing technology roadmap, and explore the details of deployment and operations, as well as the possible roles of astronauts and/or robots in construction and servicing of the facility.
Synthesis of Large‐Area MoS2 Atomic Layers with Chemical Vapor Deposition (2012)

Large-area MoS(2) atomic layers are synthesized on SiO(2) substrates by chemical vapor deposition using MoO(3) and S powders as the reactants. Optical, microscopic and electrical measurements suggest that the synthetic process leads to the growth of MoS(2) monolayer. The TEM images verify that the synthesized MoS(2) sheets are highly crystalline.
Analysis of P and S Wave Vertical Seismic Profile Data From the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project (1988)

As part of the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project at California State well 2–14, vertical seismic profile (VSP) data were collected from P and S wave sources at two distances from the well. Use of a three‐component geophone, along with rotation of the recorded data traces into a wave front‐based coordinate system, allows analysis of many aspects of seismic wave propagation properties around the well. Standard VSP analysis techniques were used to measure interval P and S wave velocities and to identify reflecting horizons both within and below the survey interval (from 455 to 1735 m). A reflection from below the survey interval, seen with both P and S sources, seems to be associated with a fractured reservoir near 2100 m. Indications of fracturing were observed, including vertical scattering of P waves from a zone near 915 m. Orthogonally polarized shear waves were generated at each offset to study anisotropy by travel time measurement and particle motion analysis of the shear wave arrivals. Three‐component particle motion analysis of shear wave arrivals was found to be effective for characterizing the subtleties in the S wave splitting throughout the various zones in the well. The SH t source (horizontal and transverse to the well) produced complicated, elliptical particle motion while the SV source (in‐line with the well)produced linear particle motion. The difference in linearity of particle motion from orthogonally polarized shear wave sources was unexpected and may be related to regional tectonics. Anomalous zones may be related to transition depths in the Salton Sea geothermal field. Travel time difference between SV and SH waves, while clearly observable, indicates only about 1% average anisotropy.
On Deep Learning Solutions for Joint Transmitter and Noncoherent Receiver Design in MU-MIMO Systems (2020)

This paper aims to handle the joint transmitter and noncoherent receiver design for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems through deep learning. Given the deep neural network (DNN) based noncoherent receiver, the novelty of this work mainly lies in the multiuser waveform design at the transmitter side. According to the signal format, the proposed deep learning solutions can be divided into two groups. One group is called pilot-aided waveform, where the information-bearing symbols are time-multiplexed with the pilot symbols. The other is called learning-based waveform, where the multiuser waveform is partially or even completely designed by deep learning algorithms. Specifically, if the information-bearing symbols are directly embedded in the waveform, it is called systematic waveform. Otherwise, it is called non-systematic waveform, where no artificial design is involved. Simulation results show that the pilot-aided waveform design outperforms the conventional zero forcing receiver with least squares (LS) channel estimation on small-size MU-MIMO systems. By exploiting the time-domain degrees of freedom (DoF), the learning-based waveform design further improves the detection performance by at least 5 dB at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range. Moreover, it is found that the traditional weight initialization method might cause a training imbalance among different users in the learning-based waveform design. To tackle this issue, a novel weight initialization method is proposed which provides a balanced convergence performance with no complexity penalty.
HLA antigens in Hungarian patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. (1991)

Thirteen unrelated patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis (eight men, five women) were studied. The diagnosis was based on clinical, biological, and histochemical findings. HLA typing was performed in all 13 and in all of their available first degree relatives (n = 31). HLA A3 was present in nine of 13 probands (69.2% compared with 18.8% in the group of 53 healthy blood donors and 22.4% in a selected Hungarian population (n = 1910). HLA B7 was present in five of 13 probands (38.4% compared with 11.3% and 14.6%). An A3B7 antigen association was found in five of 13 patients. The A3B7 haplotype was found in three, A2B12 and A2B38 haplotypes were found twice in 10 genotyped probands. Pedigree studies showed that there was one unaffected homozygote, 24 heterozygotes, and six non-carriers. Extended family and population studies are necessary to establish the prevalence of the gene in Hungary and an association with haplotypes other than A3B7.
Novel Co-crystal of Pentoxifylline and Protocatechuic Acid Relieves Allodynia in Rat Models of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and CRPS by Alleviating Local Tissue Hypoxia (2021)

Local tissue ischemic hypoxia is a peripheral process that can be targeted with topical treatment to alleviate pain under chronic pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and peripheral neuropathic pain. We recently reported three novel salts and a co-crystal composed of vasoactive agents and antioxidant nutraceuticals, all of which produced potent topical anti-allodynic effects in the chronic postischemic pain (CPIP) rat model of CRPS. One of the products, pentx-pca, is a co-crystal synthesized from pentoxifylline (pentx) and protocatechuic acid (pca). Pentx-pca exhibited potent topical anti-allodynic effects in CPIP and rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve exceeding effects produced individually by pentx and pca. We hypothesized that the anti-allodynic effects of pentx-pca in CPIP rats were due to its impact on local tissue oxygenation and subsequent oxygen-dependent mitochondrial respiration. Percutaneous tissue oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) measurements taken from the hind paw of the CPIP rats revealed that anti-allodynic doses of topical pentx-pca increased local tissue SaO<sub>2</sub>. Moreover, assessment of the oxygen-dependent mitochondrial function using a triphenyl tetrazolium chloride assay revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly declined in the plantar muscle collected from CPIP rats topically treated with anti-allodynic doses of pentx-pca as compared to vehicle-treated CPIP rats. Furthermore, time-dependent resolution of plantar muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, that occurred in the CPIP rats at 6-week post procedure, paralleled the loss of the anti-allodynic response to topical treatment with pentx-pca. Our results indicated that pentx-pca produced potent anti-allodynic effects in the CPIP rat model of CRPS by alleviating peripheral tissue ischemia/hypoxia and downstream hypoxia-driven mitochondrial dysfunction.
Optical Resolution, Determination of Absolute Configuration, and Photoracemization of cis-RuL2(CN)2 (L = 2,2′-Bipyridine and Its Analogues) (2016)

We synthesized neutral Ru(II) complexes cis-Ru(bpy)2(CN)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), cis-Ru(dmb)2(CN)2 (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), cis-Ru(dbb)2(CN)2 (dbb = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), and cis-Ru(phen)2(CN)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and optically resolved them into respective enantiomers using high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column. The absolute configuration of enantiomer of cis-Ru(dbb)2(CN)2 was determined by an X-ray crystallography. Upon photoirradiation, the entire enantiomers of the complexes underwent the racemization with considerably slow rates (k = 1 × 10(-6) to 1 × 10(-5) s(-1)) and small quantum yields (ϕ = 1 × 10(-6) to 1 × 10(-5)). The photoracemization was concluded to proceed via a five-coordinate pyramidal intermediate with the base plane composed of Ru, bidentate polypyridine, and two cyanides and the axial ligand of monodentate polypyridine. We derived the equations for photoracemization rate and quantum yield by a kinetics analysis of the photoracemization reaction that depended on polypyridine ligand, solvent, temperature, wavelength and intensity of irradiation light, and emission lifetime. From the temperature-dependent photoracemization reaction, the energy gap between (3)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) and (3)d-d* states was estimated as ΔE = 4000-5000 cm(-1), and the energy of invisible (3)d-d* state was estimated to be ca. 20 500 cm(-1), which was in good agreement with that of [Ru(bpy)3](2+).
Effects of hemodilution after traumatic brain injury in juvenile rats (2011)

Hemodilution results in significant brain hyperemia with increased edema formation, extravascular blood volume, and water mobility after jTBI. Hemodilution results in less cortical damage but did not alter behavior. Hemodilution is likely not to be clinically beneficial following jTBI.
N‐Vinylamide Polymers (2000)

Abstract N ‐Vinyl lactams and their corresponding polymers and copolymers have received considerable attention in the academic literature and significant commercial success. However, until recently this interest centered on N ‐vinyl pyrrolidinone and its polymers and copolymers. N ‐Vinyl caprolactam is now emerging commercially because copolymerization with N ‐vinyl pyrrolidinone results in copolymers with high levels of lactam functionality but with controlled hydrophobicity desired in many hair‐fixative products designed to resist drop in high humidity environments. Polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PVP) is a unique water‐soluble polymer that forms lustrous, continuous films on dry‐down that are very adhesive because of hydrogen‐bonding to substrates such as skin and hair. This adhesive characteristic also results in a wide variety of useful applications such as pharmaceutical tablet binding, hot‐melt, and paper adhesive applications. PVP is relatively nontoxic and contributes mildness to formulations. PVP will also complex with a variety of small and large molecules because the pyrrolidinone carbonyl group can accept a proton in the presence of large anions, becoming pseudocationic. In addition, because of lactam polarity where significant charge can appear on the nitrogen and oxygen atoms, it can interact with electron‐rich aromatics. Ligands such as anionic dyes and surfactants or triiodide or phenolic or polynuclear aromatics or polyacids, etc, will interact and complex with PVP. PVPHI 3 or povidone‐iodine is probably the most successful of these complexes, retaining a reservoir of iodine even in dilute solution, affording fresh germicidal iodine as free iodine is consumed. Cross‐linked PVP or crospovidone can be employed to remove bitter tannins (phenolics) from beer and wine. Dry crospovidone can be compressed because of interhydrogen‐bonding, only to rapidly swell when exposed to moisture. For this reason it has achieved success as a tablet disintegrant.
An H.264 Quad-FullHD Low-Latency Intra Video Encoder (2013)

Video applications are moving from Full-HD capability (1920×1080) to even higher resolutions such as Quad-FullHD (3840×2160). The H.264 Intra-mode can be used by embedded devices to trade off the better encoding efficiency of H.264 temporal prediction (Inter-mode) against savings in area and power as well as saving the massive computational overhead of the sub-pixel motion estimation by using only spatial prediction (Intra-mode). Still, the H.264 Intra-mode requires a large computational effort and imposes severe challenges when targeting Quad-FullHD 25 fps real-time video encoding at moderate operating frequencies (we target 150 MHz) and limited area budget. Therefore, in this work we address the strong sequential data dependencies within H.264 Intra-mode that restrict the parallelism and inhibit high resolution encoding by a) decoupling of DC and AC transform paths, b) cycle-budget aware mode prediction scheduling while c) being area efficient. Using our proposed techniques, Quad-FullHD (3840×2160) 28 fps video encoding is achieved at 150 MHz, making our architecture applicable for high definition recording.
GENETIC STRUCTURE OF SENSITIVE AND ENDANGERED NORTHWESTERN BADGER POPULATIONS (TAXIDEA TAXUS TAXUS AND T. T. JEFFERSONII) (2004)

American badgers (Taxidea taxus) are semifossorial carnivores present in many arid regions of central and western North America. Negative demographic trends have prompted recent discussion concerning their conservation status in the northwestern portion of their range. As such, further information regarding the metapopulation structure of this species and factors affecting dispersal is needed. To provide a preliminary assessment of genetic structure and variation, badgers from Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, and Montana were sampled and genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci, including individuals from 2 subspecific designations: T. t. taxus and T. t. jeffersonii. Relatively high levels of genetic variation were observed (average expected heterozygosity [HE] = 77%). Gene flow between prairie populations of T. t. taxus did not seem to be restricted, nor did there seem to be a restriction of gene flow for populations within mountain ranges for T. t. jeffersonii. In contrast, minimal gene flow was observed between populations separated by mountain ranges. Our results support the current geographic delineation of the northwestern subspecies, T. t. taxus and T. t. jeffersonii, and have implications for their conservation by identifying genetically distinct units that may have independent population dynamics.
Comment on Topical Lomustine Therapy for Psoriasis (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The paper by Peck et al on topical lomustine therapy for psoriasis, which appeared in theArchives(106:172, 1972), weakens the efforts of those working in the trying area of drug efficacy. This report emphasizes the current need for a cadre of experienced clinical pharmacologists. Though I have no experience with the nitrosoureas, it is a possibility, especially in view of Zackheim's paper in the same issue, that these agents might prove exceedingly beneficial for both psoriasis and mycosis fungoides. To begin with, Peck et al assert that the "double-blind" format was followed. Since lomustine provoked an irritant dermatitis so ferocious as to leave intense hyperpigmentation and telangiectasia, it would seem that the investigators were literally blind. All too often, nowadays, scientists are at pains to show that they have fulfilled the religious requirements of the order that happens to be dominant at the time. In this
Diagnostic Accuracy of Nipple Aspirate Fluid Cytology in Asymptomatic Patients: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature (2020)

The diagnostic accuracy of nipple smear cytology is limited by poor sensitivity. If nipple fluid assessment is to be used for diagnosis, then emerging technologies for fluid biomarker analysis must supersede the current diagnostic accuracy of NAF cytology.
Fused silica ‘glass grass’: fabrication and utilization (2010)

Modifications of surface morphology significantly improve integration possibilities and properties of materials in NEMS, MEMS and µTAS, especially of fused silica. Self-organized nanostructures in fused silica, termed 'glass grass', produced by plasma dry etching methods are investigated. These structures appear as 'grass', 'needles', 'pillars' or even 'tubes' depending on etching conditions. A comprehensive study of surface morphology modification parameters, regarding reactive ion etching (RIE) and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) (inductive coupled plasma (ICP)), is presented. The nanostructures are described and characterized by shape, geometry and density with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray. The influences of coil/platen power, flow rates, etch gases, pressure and etch time on the geometry are derived. Application experiments, such as bonding technologies, which support integration into hybrid material systems, and cell adhesion investigations, are carried out.
Two waves of coeliac disease incidence in Sweden: a nationwide population-based cohort study from 1990 to 2015 (2021)

In Sweden, the incidence of CD increased until 2002-2003 in females and until 2006 in males. Since then, the incidence of CD has declined despite increasing duodenal/jejunal biopsies, suggesting that increased awareness and investigation are unlikely to elevate the incidence of the disease in Sweden. Across a lifetime, 1 in 44 females and 1 in 72 males are expected to be diagnosed with CD in Sweden, indicating a relatively high societal burden of disease.
Cognitive impairment in the Amish: a four county survey (1997)

The MMSE scores among the Amish were higher than the general population despite their low level of formal education. The lower level of cognitive impairment among the Amish could reflect a lack of inherited susceptibility to dementing diseases, or environmental factors characteristic of their traditional lifestyle. Even among this population with < or = 8 years of formal education, education may protect against cognitive impairment.
Energy-Efficient Torque-Vectoring Control of Electric Vehicles With Multiple Drivetrains (2018)

The safety benefits of torque-vectoring control of electric vehicles with multiple drivetrains are well known and extensively discussed in the literature. Also, several authors analyze wheel torque control allocation algorithms for reducing the energy consumption while obtaining the wheel torque demand and reference yaw moment specified by the higher layer of a torque-vectoring controller. Based on a set of novel experimental results, this study demonstrates that further significant energy consumption reductions can be achieved through the appropriate tuning of the reference understeer characteristics. The effects of drivetrain power losses and tire slip power losses are discussed for the case of identical drivetrains at the four vehicle corners. Easily implementable yet effective rule-based algorithms are presented for the set-up of the energy-efficient reference yaw rate, feedforward yaw moment and wheel torque distribution of the torque-vectoring controller.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF FINITE FLUID-SUSPENSION PAD LENGTH ON THE DYNAMICS OF A VEHICLE ON AN IRREGULAR GUIDEWAY (1967)

An analysis is presented which describes the heave motion of a fluid-suspended vehicle moving over a guideway in which the irregularity wavelengths may be shorter than the suspension pad length. The analytical model is applied and exact solutions obtained for the cases of plenum and peripheral jet suspensions traversing sinusoidal and pure step irregularities. The technique is shown to be applicable to general irregularity profiles and numerical procedures for the general case are briefly discussed. It is found that compared to predictions based on zero suspension pad length (uniform guideway-suspension clearance) peak acceleration and relative displacements are generally reduced by the effects of finite pad length. Thus a conservative estimate of performance will usually be obtained if pad length effects are ignored. For most vehicle configurations and speeds, however, the attenuation due to finite pad length will be insignificant near the point of maximum vehicle response (near the natural frequency). Vehicle step responses are smoothed and a slight time delay appears compared with behavior predicted from the zero pad length theory. This work suggests that design criteria based on deterministic irregularities and peak dynamic response of the vehicle system can reasonably neglect the effects of finite suspension pad length. Further work is needed to evaluate these effects for statistically described irregularities. (Author)
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of a Key Intermediate (I) for the Synthesis of Prostanoids. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.