gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arterial travel time estimation based on vehicle re-identification using magnetic sensors: Performance analysis (2011)

Two versions of an arterial travel time estimation method based on vehicle re-identification using wireless magnetic sensors were studied across an arterial segment with multiple intersections. Both methods are based on the same travel time estimation system, but one of them uses the so called original signal processing algorithm while the other one uses a recently modified version of it. Both methods were tested on a 0.51 km (0.32 mile)-long segment of West 34th Street in New York, NY, under harsh driving conditions (i.e. right after a winter storm). The original and modified system results were compared against ground truth data obtained from video. Based on the ground truth data it was possible to determine the travel time distribution and the percentage of vehicles that each of the different methods was able to re-identify. During an analysis period of 45 minutes, 318 vehicles were registered to go across the arterial segment. The original method has a 62% re-identification rate, while the modified method has a 69% rate. Based on comparisons of travel time distribution and empirical cumulative distribution functions, it was observed that the modified method travel time distribution is closely related to the ground truth distribution, while the original method significantly diverges from the ground truth at long travel times.
General Approach to the Synthesis of Persubstituted Hydrophilic and Amphiphilic β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives (2001)

Heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-allyl)-beta-cyclodextrin 2 was converted to heptakis[2,3,6-tri-O-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)]-beta-cyclodextrin 3 by osmium tetroxide-catalyzed dihydroxylation. A diastereomeric mixture of 3 was treated with sodium periodate followed by sodium borohydride to give heptakis[2,3,6-tri-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)]-beta-cyclodextrin 5 in 86% yield. Compound 5 could be quantitatively transformed into heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-carboxymethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin 6 by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The same reaction sequence was also applied to heptakis(2,6-di-O-allyl-3-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin 8, heptakis(2,3-di-O-allyl-6-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin 12, and heptakis(2,3-di-O-allyl-6-O-butyl)-beta-cyclodextrin 16; the analogous corresponding hydroxyethyl and carboxymethyl derivatives were isolated in high yields. All products were proved to be chemically uniform.
Isometric Hip-Rotator Torque Production at Varying Degrees of Hip Flexion (2010)

Hip-rotation torque production varies between flexion angle, leg, and sex. Clinicians treating lower extremity problems need to be aware of these differences.
Development of Ceramics with Highly Organized Microstructures (2007)

This study evaluated the effects of three different kinds of user fee on the quality of prescribing in rural Nepal. Using data from 33 public health facilities, we performed a controlled before-and-after study, comparing a fee per prescription (covering all drugs in whatever amounts) against one- and two-band fees per drug item (covering a full course of treatment for each item). With the one-band item fee, each item incurred the same fee; with the two-band item fee, more expensive items incurred a higher fee and cheaper ones a lower fee. Thirteen indicators of prescribing quality were evaluated based on an average of 400 prescribing episodes per facility per year. The percentage of prescriptions conforming to standard treatment guidelines was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3% to 21%) and 15% (95% CI 6% to 24%) greater with the one- and two-band item fees, respectively, than with the fee per prescription. Prescribing quality improved through a reduction in the number of unnecessary, but not necessary, drug items prescribed per patient. Item-based fees are associated with significantly better prescribing quality than a fee per prescription; therefore, item-based fees are preferred over a fee per prescription when considering methods of cost recovery.
Clinical governance: improving quality (1999)

There has been increasing concern about the deteriorating quality of care available in the NHS. Successive governments have attempted to address this concern with different initiatives ranging from managerial and structural reorganizations to educational changes including the introduction of new curricula for both nurse and medical preregistration programmes. However, despite these initiatives the quality of healthcare services continues to cause concern both for consumers and politicians alike — a concern which is also readily acknowledged in the professional press in the light of the available evidence regarding resource constraints.
P704P, P712P, and P775P: A genomic cluster of prostate‐specific genes (2004)

A genomic cluster of prostate-specific genes with no apparent open reading frame has been discovered using a high-throughput approach combining subtraction with microarray. This may represent an important genomic region having possible connections to prostate biology with potential applications in prostate diagnostics and therapy.
Unique Proteomic Signatures Distinguish Macrophages and Dendritic Cells (2012)

Monocytes differentiate into heterogeneous populations of tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that regulate inflammation and immunity. Identifying specific populations of myeloid cells in vivo is problematic, however, because only a limited number of proteins have been used to assign cellular phenotype. Using mass spectrometry and bone marrow-derived cells, we provided a global view of the proteomes of M-CSF-derived macrophages, classically and alternatively activated macrophages, and GM-CSF-derived DCs. Remarkably, the expression levels of half the plasma membrane proteins differed significantly in the various populations of cells derived in vitro. Moreover, the membrane proteomes of macrophages and DCs were more distinct than those of classically and alternatively activated macrophages. Hierarchical cluster and dual statistical analyses demonstrated that each cell type exhibited a robust proteomic signature that was unique. To interrogate the phenotype of myeloid cells in vivo, we subjected elicited peritoneal macrophages harvested from wild-type and GM-CSF-deficient mice to mass spectrometric and functional analysis. Unexpectedly, we found that peritoneal macrophages exhibited many features of the DCs generated in vitro. These findings demonstrate that global analysis of the membrane proteome can help define immune cell phenotypes in vivo.
Population diversity of cassava mosaic begomoviruses increases over the course of serial vegetative propagation (2021)

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) represents a serious threat to cassava, a major root crop for more than 300 million Africans. CMD is caused by single-stranded DNA begomoviruses that evolve rapidly, making it challenging to develop durable disease resistance. In addition to the evolutionary forces of mutation, recombination and reassortment, factors such as climate, agriculture practices and the presence of DNA satellites may impact viral diversity. To gain insight into the factors that alter and shape viral diversity <i>in planta</i>, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the accumulation of nucleotide diversity after inoculation of infectious clones corresponding to African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV) in the susceptible cassava landrace Kibandameno. We found that vegetative propagation had a significant effect on viral nucleotide diversity, while temperature and a satellite DNA did not have measurable impacts in our study. EACMCV diversity increased linearly with the number of vegetative propagation passages, while ACMV diversity increased for a time and then decreased in later passages. We observed a substitution bias toward C→T and G→A for mutations in the viral genomes consistent with field isolates. Non-coding regions excluding the promoter regions of genes showed the highest levels of nucleotide diversity for each genome component. Changes in the 5' intergenic region of DNA-A resembled the sequence of the cognate DNA-B sequence. The majority of nucleotide changes in coding regions were non-synonymous, most with predicted deleterious effects on protein structure, indicative of relaxed selection pressure over six vegetative passages. Overall, these results underscore the importance of knowing how cropping practices affect viral evolution and disease progression.
Reductive catalytic fractionation of black locust bark (2019)

During reductive catalytic fractionation of black locust bark, lignin and suberin are simultaneously depolymerized and stabilized. This results in low MW phenolics and long-chain, α,ω-bifunctional aliphatics.
Disruption of the transthyretin gene results in mice with depressed levels of plasma retinol and thyroid hormone. (1993)

Transthyretin (TTR) is thought to play a major role in vitamin A metabolism and thyroid hormone transport in mammals. To investigate the physiological role of the TTR protein in development of the embryo and in the adult, we used gene targeting techniques to generate a null mutation at the mouse ttr locus. The resultant mutant animals are phenotypically normal, viable, and fertile. However, levels of serum retinol, retinol-binding protein, and thyroid hormone are significantly depressed in the mutant animals. These observations demonstrate that the TTR protein maintains normal levels of these metabolites in the circulating plasma.
1 year later, 9–13 year olds impaired but not diagnosed were as disturbed as those diagnosed (1999)

Angold A, Costello EJ, Farmer EMZ , et al. Impaired but undiagnosed. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry1999 Feb; 38 : 129 –7. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Question What is the outcome of children with psychosocial impairment who do not meet DSM-III-R criteria for any of 29 well defined disorders? As part of the Great Smoky Mountain Study, general population screening was done to identify individuals with behavioural and emotional problems. This inception cohort was then followed up for 1 year. 11 counties in western North Carolina, USA. A representative sample of 4500 youths aged 9, 11, and 13 years were screened for psychopathology using a subset of items from the Child Behavior Checklist. All children scoring above a predetermined cut off, and a 1 in 10 random sample of those scoring below the cut off were recruited for the study. This resulted in a sample of 1015 participants of whom 90% were followed up 1 year later. A child and primary caretaker were separately interviewed at … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAmerican%2BAcademy%2Bof%2BChild%2Band%2BAdolescent%2BPsychiatry%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BAm%2BAcad%2BChild%2BAdolesc%2BPsychiatry%26rft.aulast%253DAngold%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D38%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D129%26rft.epage%253D137%26rft.atitle%253DImpaired%2Bbut%2Bundiagnosed.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1097%252F00004583-199902000-00011%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9951211%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1097/00004583-199902000-00011&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=9951211&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F2%2F4%2F120.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000078287300011&link_type=ISI
Novel low-k SiOC (k=2.4) with superior tolerance to direct polish and ashing for advanced BEOL integration (2009)

We established novel SiOC (k=2.4) with higher process damage tolerance. The SiOC was deposited using organo-silane with acetylene bond as a precursor of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The precursor takes high concentration of carbon in the SiOC and the SiOC has closed pores since deposited without using any porogens, therefore lower damage by ashing and direct Cu polish are achieved. We fabricated Cu wirings using direct polish. We confirmed that dielectric constant of the SiOC did not increase after ashing and direct polish process and maintained k=2.4.
An Experimental Study of Ignition in Nonpremixed Counterflowing Hydrogen versus Heated Air (1995)

ABSTRACT A variable pressure, counterflow combustion chamber has been built for the experimental investigation of ignition in a convective-diffusive system. In this paper we present our results on ignition of nonpremixed, counterflowing jets of 20% H2 in N2 versus heated air, within a wide range of pressures and flow strain rates. The system was brought to ignition by increasing gradually the temperature of the air stream. Each steady-state situation just prior to ignition was characterized by measuring detailed centerline axial flow velocity and temperature distributions, for ambient pressures between 0.1-6.0 atm and pressure-weighted strain rates between 50-400 s−1. The ignition temperature, defined as the maximum temperature of the air jet just prior to ignition, was found to increase with increasing flow strain rate at all pressures. Furthermore, its sensitivity to strain-rate variations was found to be much higher at elevated and reduced pressures (above ∼ 2 atm and below ∼ 0.5 atm) than it was at atmospheric pressure. Ignition temperatures at constant pressure-weighted strain rates exhibited a 'Z'-shaped pressure dependence similar to that observed in explosion limits of homogeneous H2-air mixtures, and to the ignition limits identified in earlier numerical and asymptotic analyses. The experimental data was found to be in good agreement with computations using full chemical kinetics and transport properties. Key Words: Ignitionhydrogencounterflowdiffusion flameexperimental
PAPER-64 CONSTRAINTS ON REIONIZATION: THE 21 cm POWER SPECTRUM ATz= 8.4 (2015)

In this paper, we report new limits on 21cm emission from cosmic reionization based on a 135-day observing campaign with a 64-element deployment of the Donald C. Backer Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) in South Africa. This work extends the work presented in Parsons et al. (2014) with more collecting area, a longer observing period, improved redundancy-based calibration, optimal fringe-rate filtering, and improved power-spectral analysis using optimal quadratic estimators. The result is a new $2\sigma$ upper limit on $\Delta^{2}(k)$ of (22.4 mK)$^2$ in the range $0.15 < k < 0.5h\ {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ at $z = 8.4$. This represents a three-fold improvement over the previous best upper limit. As we discuss in more depth in a forthcoming paper (Pober et al. 2015, in prep), this upper limit supports and extends previous evidence against extremely cold reionization scenarios. We conclude with a discussion of implications for future 21cm reionization experiments, including the newly funded Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). $\textbf{The limits presented in this paper have been retracted: The erratum can be found in Appendix A.}$
Biofidelity of THOR 5th Percentile Female ATD in Ankle Eversion and Inversion (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Females have higher frequency and risk of foot and ankle injuries in motor vehicle collisions than similar-sized males. Therefore, lower extremity biofidelity and accurate injury prediction of female ATDs is critical. This paper aims to compare the THOR 5th percentile female (THOR-05F) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) response with male and female PMHS data of various sizes under ankle inversion and eversion. The THOR-05F lower extremity was subjected to dynamic inversion and eversion ankle loading with a constant 2000N axial force applied through the tibia. Twelve THOR-05F tests (3 inversion and 3 eversion on both, left and right legs) were performed with boundary conditions consistent with previous post-mortem human subject (PMHS) lower extremity tests. The biofidelity of THOR-05F ankle stiffness was evaluated via comparison of measured and equal-stress equal-velocity scaled data (using mass-based scale factors) from previous PMHS datasets with mid-size males, small females and larger females. THOR-05F ankle moment-angle response falls within the range of previous mid-sized male and larger female PMHS test data for eversion, when scaled to a small female. However, when compared to PMHS response measured on small female subjects, the THOR-05F response was less stiff in both inversion and eversion. The THOR-05F moments were 65% and 90% less stiff in eversion and inversion respectively, when compared to the average of the measured small female PMHS dataset at 25&lt;sup&gt;°&lt;/sup&gt; ankle rotation. Because ATD stiffness differs from measured PMHS ankle stiffness, care should be taken when applying PMHS-based injury risk functions (IRF) to the THOR-05F ankle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Propolis: Alternative Medicine for the Treatment of Oral Microbial Diseases (2012)

Bees are arthropods of Hymenoptera order and are classified into two groups based on their type of life: solitary and social life. Propolis is produced by bees that live socially, from the harvesting of products derived from plants and used to seal and protect the hive against intruders and natural phenomena [1]. Propolis term derives from the Greek Pro, opposite, the and polis, city or community [2,3]. Propolis is a natural substance collected by Apis mellifera bees in several plant species. It has been used in folk medicine for centuries [2,4]. Characteristically, it is a lipophilic material, hard and brittle when cold, but soft, flexible and very sticky when warm. Hence the name beeswax [5]. It has characteristic odor and shows adhesive properties of oils and interact strongly with skin proteins [6]. The composition of propolis is complex [7,8]. Some factors, such as the botanical origin of propolis and its time of collection can influence the chemical composition of this resinous material [9]. The color of propolis varies from yellowish green to dark brown, depending on location savannah, tropical forests, desert, coastal and mountainous regions where it is produced. [10,11,12]. Propolis is used by bees to protect against the entry of microorganisms, fungi and bacteria in the hive, and as a sealing material for preventing the entry of light and moisture inside. It is also used to line the comb, to allow the deposition of eggs by the queen, and to embalm small dead animals (beetles and insects) that usually bees could not take into the hive, preventing its putrefaction.3,5,7].
Induced dielectric relaxation and enhanced electro-optic parameters in Ni nanoparticles – ferroelectric liquid crystal dispersions (2012)

We demonstrate here collective and non-collective dielectric relaxation processes of nickel nanoparticles dispersed ferroelectric liquid crystal in a wide frequency range (20Hz–5MHz). A high frequency relaxation mode in conjunction with the collective dielectric mode was induced in ferroelectric liquid crystal-Ni dispersions. This relaxation mode persists even in the Sm A phase of the material. Occurrence of additional relaxation mode has been examined in the light of magnetic dipole and exchange interactions among the dispersed nanoparticles. In lower concentrations of nanoparticles, the effect is believed to originate from magnetic dipole interactions; however, in higher concentrations, exchange interactions dominate over the superparamagnetic relaxation that leads to strong dielectric absorption. Further, temperature and concentration dependence of relaxation frequency and amplitude of induced mode also indicated that the process must be driven by strong interparticle interactions of exchange type. Secondly, coupling of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) molecules also serves to influence the LC director orientation and affect the order parameter of FLC-Ni NPs dispersions. In addition to this, temperature dependence of response time in FLC-Ni mixtures showed significant improvement, which has been attributed to a combined effect of decreased rotational viscosity and slightly increased spontaneous polarisation.
The effect of training using feedback from a pressure monitor on nurses bandaging techniques (1992)

[Book abstract]: Text in English &amp; French. This two-volume set collects the contributions to the XIst Congress of the International Union of Phlebology held in August 1992, in Montreal, written in French and English by leading world specialists. The scientific committee gathered together specialists, reseachers and clinicians involved in phlebology, dermatology, hematology, orthopedics and plastic surgery to present the more recent advances in their work.
Quantitative MRI in a non‐surgical model of cervical spinal cord injury (2015)

Quantitative T2 (qT2), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and histology were used to investigate a cervical model of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat. While quantitative MRI can significantly increase the specificity in the presence of pathology, it must be validated for each type of injury or disease. In the case of traumatic SCI most models are difficult to image, either due to the location of the injury, or as a result of damage to surrounding tissues resulting from invasive surgical procedures. In this study a non-surgical cervical model of SCI, produced using a combination of focused ultrasound and microbubbles, was used to produce pathology similar to that seen in models of contusive and compressive injuries. qT2 and DTI were performed at 24 h and 1 and 2 weeks following injury, and compared with H&E and luxol fast blue histology. In the injured spinal cord, in addition to intra/extracellular (I/E) water and myelin water in white matter, qT2 revealed a large component with very short T2 of about 3 ms, which was highly correlated with the presence of hemorrhage in both gray and white matter at 24 h, and with the presence of hemosiderin in gray matter at 2 weeks following injury. The T2 of the I/E water peak was also elevated at 24 h in both gray and white matter, which was correlated with the presence of vacuolation/edema on histology. Cystic cavities were only seen at the 1 or 2 week timepoints, and were correlated with the presence of a water peak with T2 > 250 ms. No significant changes in diffusivity parameters were observed. Pathologies were often co-occurring, with opposite effects on the average T2 in a given voxel, reducing the visibility of injured tissue on standard T2 -weighted MR images.
Flexible and Modular MPI Simulation Framework and Its Use in Modeling a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>MPI (2015)

The availability of thorough system simulations for detailed and accurate performance prediction and optimization of existing and future designs for a new modality such as magnetic particle imaging (MPI) are very important. Our framework aims to simulate a complete MPI system by providing a description of all (drive and receive) coils, permanent magnet configurations, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) distributions, and characteristics of the signal processing chain. The simulation is performed on a user defined spatial and temporal discrete grid. The magnetization of the MNP is modelled by either the Langevin theory or as ideal particles with infinite steepness and ideal saturation. The magnetic fields are approximated in first order by calculating the Biot-Savart integral. Additionally the coupling constants between the excitation coils (e.g. drive field coils) and the receive coils can be determined. All coils can be described by an XML description language based on primitive geometric shapes. First simulations of a modelled <i>μ</i>MPI system are shown. In this regard <i>μ</i>MPI refers to a small one dimensional system for samples of a size of a few tens of a cubic millimeter and a spatial resolution of about 200 <i>μ</i>m.