gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery of gene therapy through a cerebrospinal fluid conduit to rescue hearing in adult mice (2023)

Inner ear gene therapy has recently effectively restored hearing in neonatal mice, but it is complicated in adulthood by the structural inaccessibility of the cochlea, which is embedded within the temporal bone. Alternative delivery routes may advance auditory research and also prove useful when translated to humans with progressive genetic-mediated hearing loss. Cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic system is emerging as a new approach for brain-wide drug delivery in rodents as well as humans. The cerebrospinal fluid and the fluid of the inner ear are connected via a bony channel called the cochlear aqueduct, but previous studies have not explored the possibility of delivering gene therapy via the cerebrospinal fluid to restore hearing in adult deaf mice. Here, we showed that the cochlear aqueduct in mice exhibits lymphatic-like characteristics. In vivo time-lapse magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and optical fluorescence microscopy showed that large-particle tracers injected into the cerebrospinal fluid reached the inner ear by dispersive transport via the cochlear aqueduct in adult mice. A single intracisternal injection of adeno-associated virus carrying solute carrier family 17, member 8 (<i>Slc17A8</i>), which encodes vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGLUT3), rescued hearing in adult deaf <i>Slc17A8<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice by restoring VGLUT3 protein expression in inner hair cells, with minimal ectopic expression in the brain and none in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid transport comprises an accessible route for gene delivery to the adult inner ear and may represent an important step toward using gene therapy to restore hearing in humans.
Accelerated image processing on FPGAs (2003)

The Cameron project has developed a language called single assignment C (SA-C), and a compiler for mapping image-based applications written in SA-C to field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The paper tests this technology by implementing several applications in SA-C and compiling them to an Annapolis Microsystems (AMS) WildStar board with a Xilinx XV2000E FPGA. The performance of these applications on the FPGA is compared to the performance of the same applications written in assembly code or C for an 800 MHz Pentium III. (Although no comparison across processors is perfect, these chips were the first of their respective classes fabricated at 0.18 microns, and are therefore of comparable ages.) We find that applications written in SA-C and compiled to FPGAs are between 8 and 800 times faster than the equivalent program run on the Pentium III.
MRI of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Clinically Applicable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (2011)

These data indicate that tumor enhancement with clinically applicable iron oxide nanoparticles may serve as a new biomarker for long-term prognosis, related treatment decisions, and the evaluation of new immune-targeted therapies.
Expansion Dynamics after Laser-Induced Cavitation in Liquid Tin Microdroplets (2018)

Laser-induced cavitation and subsequent fragmentation of free-falling tin microdroplets finds application in producing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light for state-of-the-art EUV nanolithography. Studies of such laser-droplet systems are scarce, though. This work combines analysis of high-resolution stroboscopic shadowgraphy with intuitive fluid-dynamics models to further our understanding of the late-time dynamics of a tin microdroplet after the impact of a picosecond laser pulse. The insight obtained offers a means to engineer optimal laser targets for EUV light generation from laser-driven plasma.
Coaxial Electrospray of Ranibizumab-Loaded Microparticles for Sustained Release of Anti-VEGF Therapies (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness in people over age 65 in industrialized nations. Intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies, such as ranibizumab (trade name: Lucentis), provides an effective treatment option for neovascular AMD. We have developed an improved coaxial electrospray (CES) process to encapsulate ranibizumab in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) for intravitreous injection and sustained drug release. This microencapsulation process is advantageous for maintaining the stability of the coaxial cone-jet configurations and producing drug-loaded MPs with as high as 70% encapsulation rate and minimal loss of bioactivitiy. The utility of this emerging process in intravitreous drug delivery has been demonstrated in both benchtop and in vivo experiments. The benchtop test simulates ocular drug release using PLGA MPs encapsulating a model drug. The in vivo experiment evaluates the inflammation and retinal cell death after intravitreal injection of the MPs in a chick model. The experimental results show that the drug-load MPs are able to facilitate sustained drug release for longer than one month. No significant long term microglia reaction or cell death is observed after intravitreal injection of 200 μg MPs. The present study demonstrates the technical feasibility of using the improved CES process to encapsulate water-soluble drugs at a high concentration for sustained release of anti-VEGF therapy.
Decreased microRNA‐126 expression in psoriatic CD4+ T cells promotes T‐helper 17 cell differentiation and the formation of dermatitis in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like mice (2021)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multiple genetic backgrounds, whose etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Complex T-cell immune imbalance has been demonstrated to play an important role in pathogenesis of psoriasis. This study reported that microRNA-126 (miR-126) expression was decreased in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells of both psoriasis patients and psoriasis-like mouse models and its expression was negatively correlated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score of psoriasis patients. Conditional Mir126 knockout in mouse CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells can obviously aggravate the psoriasis-like dermatitis and promote T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells' infiltration in spleen of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. In addition, the mRNA expression of Il17a and Il17f were significantly increased in mouse naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells with Mir126 knockout after stimulating with CD3 and CD28. Compared with naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, the expression of Mir126 was decreased in Th17 cells, and Mir126 knockout notably promoted the differentiation of naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to Th17 cells as well as the mRNA expression of Il17a, Il17f, Rorc, and Il23R. Our results revealed that decreased miR-126 in psoriatic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells might accelerate the formation of skin lesions through promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells, thus suggesting a potential intervention target for psoriasis.
Reversible Aggregation of α-Gliadin to Fibrils (1967)

Acetic-acid (0.01 molar) extracts of wheat flour contain fibrils of alpha-gliadin which are about 80 angstroms thick and up to several thousand angstroms long. These fibrils dissociate to globular protein subunits at very low ionic strength and low pH. The fibrils can be reformed by increasing the pH to 5.1 and the ionic strength to about 0.005.
Supplementary figure 5 from TH-302 in Combination with Radiotherapy Enhances the Therapeutic Outcome and Is Associated with Pretreatment [<sup>18</sup>F]HX4 Hypoxia PET Imaging (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figure 5. Quantification of H460 histological staining for A) necrotic fraction (NF), B) relative vessel area (RVA), C) perfusion fraction (PF) and D) relative perfusion area (RPA). Data represent mean {plus minus} SEM.&lt;/p&gt;
ETD fragmentation features improve algorithm (2012)

Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is an alternative technique used in mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments. Because it is newer, most of the protein identification algorithms for ETD are still a simple derivation of well-established collision-activated dissociation algorithms without the consideration of many unique ETD spectral features. Sridhara and coworkers recently reported removing the charge-reduced precursors and corresponding neutral loss peaks to improve ETD peptide identification with the Open Mass Spectrometry Search Algorithm (OMSSA). These peaks were also used to deduce the charge of the precursors for low resolution data. The scheme is a concrete example of implementing known ETD fragmentation features to improve a protein identification algorithm.
A New Device for Frontal Sinus Endoscopy: First Clinical Report (2001)

The new device provides further insight within the field.
Nested PCR Biases in Interpreting Microbial Community Structure in 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Datasets (2015)

Nested PCR introduced bias in estimated diversity and community structure. The bias was more significant for communities with relatively higher diversity and when more cycles were applied in the first round of PCR. We conclude that nested PCR could be used when standard PCR does not work. However, rare taxa detected by nested PCR should be validated by other technologies.
Researches on Biscuit Shaping and Separating from Rotary Moulder Roller (2008)

The rotary moulder is one of the most important parts in the biscuit production line,it is paid more attention to for a long time.There are many factors to affect its working capability.The article gives some effect factors in the process of the shaping and separating by the researches on the force analysis when the micro-dough entering the roller units and the biscuit flan separating from the moulder roller.
Ferromagnetic Properties of a Trinuclear Nickel(II) Complex with a Trithiocyanurate Bridge (2009)

Abstract A novel trinuclear nickel(II) complex with N , N , N′ , N ″, N ″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (pmdien) and a trithiocyanurate(3–) (ttc 3– ) bridge of composition [Ni 3 (pmdien) 3 (μ‐ttc)](ClO 4 ) 3 ( 1 ) was prepared. The X‐ray crystal structure of 1 was determined, revealing the tris‐N,S chelating mode of the trithiocyanurate bridge, forming a regular triangular Ni II 3 core. A deformed trigonal bipyramidal arrangement of the central atoms was further achieved by coordination of three pmdien N atoms. The complex shows a ferromagnetic exchange interaction among the Ni II magnetic centers that is tuned by single‐ion anisotropy and/or antisymmetric exchange. The complex orders ferromagnetically at T c = 10 K and exhibits spin‐glass properties.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Anyonic Two-Photon Statistics with a Semiconductor Chip (2021)

Anyons, particles displaying a fractional exchange statistics intermediate between bosons and fermions, play a central role in the fractional quantum Hall effect and various spin–lattice models, and have been proposed for topological quantum computing schemes due to their resilience to noise. Here we use parametric down-conversion in an integrated semiconductor chip to generate biphoton states simulating anyonic particle statistics in a reconfigurable manner. Our scheme exploits the frequency entanglement of the photon pairs, which is directly controlled through the spatial shaping of the pump beam. These results, demonstrated at room temperature and telecom wavelength on a chip-integrated platform, pave the way to the practical implementation of quantum simulation tasks with tailored particle statistics.
Fatigue Study of Six and Eight mm Diameter Interlocking Nails with Screw Holes of Variable Size and Number (1997)

Summary Clinical fatigue failure of 6 mm diameter interlocked nails (ILN) with holes accommodating 3.5 mm screws has been reported. This problem was investigated by testing eight different designs of 6 mm and 8 mm diameter ILN with a 2 plus 2 screw hole pattern and a multiple holed pattern. Interlocking nails with holes to accommodate 3.5 and 4.5 mm screws in 8 mm ILN and 2.7 and 3.5 mm screws in 6 mm diameter ILN were used. A rotating beam testing device produced uniform bending moments across a test region of the ILN containing at least two holes. These moments fully reversed with each cycle. Fatigue failure occurred through screw holes. Using statistical modeling, reduction of the 6 mm ILN hole size from accommodating 3.5 screws to 2.7 mm screws increased the estimated fatigue life (EFL) of the latter by 52 times, comparable to the EFL of the 8 mm ILN with 4.5 screw holes. Reducing the 8 mm ILN screw hole size from accommodating 4.5 screws to 3.5 mm screws increased the comparative EFL by eight times. Fatigue testing is a good method to compare fatigue behavior of various implant designs. This gives a surgeon more information when selecting an ILN for fracture fixation. Occasional breakage of interlocking nails (ILN) in clinical cases prompted fatigue testing of original ILN and new designs of ILN. This study documented base line fatigue resistance information of the various ILN designs. Results indicated smaller screw holes markedly increased the fatigue resistance of both 6 mm and 8 mm diameter ILN. This information will aid the surgeon in planning fracture treatment.
Secure one-time biometrie tokens for non-repudiable multi-party transactions (2017)

Numerous applications require users to interact with a multitude of entities in order to avail a service. In such applications, the identity of the user is typically verified through physical or digital tokens, which are prone to both identity theft (lost or stolen tokens) and repudiation claims by malicious users. The use of biometrics can provide non-repudiability by ensuring that a purchaser is the bonafide user of the service. However, in applications entailing multiple stakeholders, there may be privacy issues with sharing user's biometrics data. While this concern can be addressed by storing the user's biometric data on the token itself, strong mechanisms are required to ensure that token is both secure and tamper-proof. In this paper, we propose a single use biometric token that relies on Shamir's secret sharing algorithm and blockchain technology to ensure that the encrypted biometric template contained in the token is secure, tamper-proof, and any attempt to use the issued token is irrefutably logged to prove subsequently that the user indeed availed the service. We also analyze issues related to the system security, user privacy, and usability of the proposed solution.
Glycosylation of Piceid and Resveratroloside by Bioconversion with Phytolacca americana Glucosyltransferase Expressed in Escherichia coli (2019)

The glycosylation of piceid and resveratroloside was investigated using glucosyltransferase from Phytolacca americana expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme glucosylated piceid at its 5- and 4′-positions to give resveratrol 3,5-diglucoside and resveratrol 3,4′-diglucoside, respectively. Resveratroloside was glucosylated to resveratrol 3,4′-diglucoside by the enzyme.
Nanoporous Gold Based Optical Sensor for Sub-ppt Detection of Mercury Ions (2013)

Precisely probing heavy metal ions in water is important for molecular biology, environmental protection, and healthy monitoring. Although many methods have been reported in the past decade, developing a quantitative approach capable of detecting sub-ppt level heavy metal ions with high selectivity is still challenging. Here we report an extremely sensitive and highly selective nanoporous gold/aptamer based surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) sensor. The optical sensor has an unprecedented detection sensitivity of 1 pM (0.2 ppt) for Hg(2+) ions, the most sensitive Hg(2+) optical sensor known so far. The sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity. Dilute Hg(2+) ions can be identified in an aqueous solution containing 12 metal ions as well as in river water and underground water. Moreover, the SERRS sensor can be reused without an obvious loss of the sensitivity and selectivity even after 10 cycles.
Dopamine transport function is elevated in cocaine users (2002)

Dopaminergic transmission has been suggested to be a primary mechanism mediating reinforcement, withdrawal and craving associated with psychostimulant addiction. Pyscho-stimulants attenuate dopamine transporter (DAT) clearance efficiency, resulting in a net increase in synaptic dopamine levels. Re-uptake rate is determined by the number of functional DAT molecules at the membrane surface. Previous in vivo imaging studies in humans and in vitro studies in post-mortem human brain have demonstrated that chronic cocaine abuse results in a neuroadaptive increase in DAT-binding site density in the limbic striatum. Whether this increase in DAT availability represents an increase in the functional activity of the transporter is unknown. Here, we present evidence that DAT function is elevated by chronic cocaine abuse. The effect of increasing post-mortem interval on the functional viability of synaptosomes was modeled in the baboon brain. Baboon brains sampled under conditions similar to human brain autopsies yielded synaptosomal preparations that were viable up to 24 h post-mortem. Dopamine (DA) uptake was elevated twofold in the ventral striatum from cocaine users as compared to age-matched drug-free control subjects. The levels of [3H]DA uptake were not elevated in victims of excited cocaine delirium, who experienced paranoia and marked agitation prior to death. In keeping with the increase in DAT function, [3H]WIN 35,428 binding was increased in the cocaine users, but not in the victims of excited delirium. These results demonstrate that DA uptake function assayed in cryopreserved human brain synaptosomes is a suitable approach for testing hypotheses of the mechanisms underlying human brain disorders and for studying the actions of addictive drugs in man.
A model of chronic pain in the rat: functional correlates of alterations in the activity of opioid systems (1987)

Intradermal inoculation of rats at the tail base with Mycobacterium butyricum led to the gradual development of an arthritic swelling of the limbs which peaked at 3 weeks and subsided thereafter. Arthritic rats displayed a loss of body weight, hypophagia, and hypodipsia in addition to a disruption of the diurnal rhythms of ingestive behavior and of core temperature. The activity of adenohypophyseal beta-endorphin-(beta-EP) secreting corticotrophs, in contrast to prolactin-(PRL) secreting lactotrophs, was increased in arthritic rats. Indeed, hypertrophy of the adrenal glands was seen. Arthritic rats also showed an elevation in spinal cord levels of immunoreactive dynorphin (DYN), an endogenous ligand of the kappa-opioid receptor. The paws and tail of arthritic rats showed lower thresholds in response to noxious pressure (hyperalgesia), higher thresholds in response to noxious heat (hypoalgesia), and no change in their response to noxious electrical stimulation. Neither naloxone nor ICI-154, 129 (a preferential delta-receptor antagonist) modified the responses of the paw or tail to pressure. However, MR 2266 (an antagonist with higher activity at kappa-receptors) decreased thresholds to pressure in arthritic, but not control, rats; that is, it potentiated the hyperalgesia. This action was stereospecific. None of the antagonists modified the response to heat. MR 2266 did not affect the response to pressure in rats with acute inflammation produced by yeast. Thus, the potentiation of pressure hyperalgesia by MR 2266 in chronic arthritic rats is highly selective. Arthritic rats showed a reduced response to the analgesic effect of a kappa-agonist (U-50,488H), whereas the response to a mu-agonist (morphine) was enhanced. These effects were specific to nociception in that their influence upon endocrine secretion (PRL and beta-EP) was otherwise changed. The secretion of beta-EP and PRL was stimulated by both morphine and U-50,488H, and the influence of U-50,488H upon the release of beta-EP (from the adenohypophysis) was enhanced in arthritic rats. It is suggested that polyarthritis is a complex condition entailing many changes, both behavioral and endocrinological. Further, arthritic rats cannot simply be described as "hyperalgesic": of critical importance is the nature of the nociceptive stimulus applied. The parallel alterations in spinal cord pools of DYN and kappa-receptors (see also Millan et al., 1986) and the changes in the influence on nociception of kappa-agonists and kappa-antagonists suggest an increased activity of spinal DYN. Thus, spinal kappa-receptors may play a role in the modulation of nociception under chronic pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Three dimensional silicon triple-hot-wire anemometer based on polyimide joints (2002)

The first three dimensional (3D) flow sensor probe based on polyimide joints has been fabricated and successfully tested. The new 3D sensor, which is specially designed for turbulent gas flow measurements, is based on the anemometer principle, i.e. gas cooling of electrically heated hot-wires. The sensor probe consists of three perpendicular 500 /spl mu/m/spl times/5 /spl mu/m/spl times/2 /spl mu/m polysilicon hot-wires giving a measuring volume sufficiently small to resolve the small eddies in a turbulent flow. A bulk micromachining process in combination with sacrificial etching is used to form the hot-wire probes. The hot-wires are connected to 30 /spl mu/m thick bulk silicon beams which are defined by double sided KOH etching. Two wires (x and y) are located in the wafer plane and the third z-wire is rotated out of the plane using a new robust micro-joint. The self-assembly micro-joint with small bending radius is based on thermal shrinkage of polyimide in V-grooves. High flow sensitivity for the anemometric hot-wires has been measured. Time constants of 120 and 330 /spl mu/s were measured for the cooling and heating of the hot-wires, respectively.
Reconstruction cohérente de l'entrée d'un banc de filtres suréchantillonnés à partir de sa sortie bruitée (2011)

International audience
Novel Carbon Nanotube−Polystyrene Foam Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (2005)

A novel carbon nanotube-polystyrene foam composite has been fabricated successfully. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness measurements indicated that such foam composites can be used as very effective, lightweight shielding materials. The correlation between the shielding effectiveness and electrical conductivity and the EMI shielding mechanism of such foam composites are also discussed.