gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of 5‐HT on cholinergic contraction in human airways in vitro (1999)

Inhaled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, and 5-HT plasma levels are elevated in asthma. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of human airways, in vitro, evokes cholinergic contraction mediated by the release of acetylcholine (Ach) from postganglionic cholinergic nerves. The present study investigates whether selective 5-HT agonists and antagonists can modulate EFS-induced cholinergic contraction in human airways in vitro. Human airways, obtained from resections for bronchial carcinoma or organ transplant donors, were suspended under 2-g tension, between two platinum wire electrodes, in carbogenated Krebs solution at 37 degrees C and EFS was applied (1-32 Hz, 50 V, 0.5 ms, 15 s every 4 min) to elicit cholinergic contractions. 5-HT (10 microM-0.3 mM) produced frequency- and concentration-dependent facilitation of cholinergic contraction, but did not displace the concentration/response curve to Ach. Tropisetron (1 microM), a 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 antagonist, completely blocked the facilitatory effect of 5-HT (100 microM), whereas both ondansetron (1 microM) and GR 125478D (1 microM), a selective 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 antagonist, respectively, also attenuated the 5-HT-induced enhancement of cholinergic contraction. This facilitatory effect of 5-HT was partially mimicked by both selective 5-HT3 (2-methyl-5-HT) and 5-HT4 (RS 67333 and 5-methoxytryptamine) agonists. Fluoxetine (10 microM), a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, had no effect on the 5-HT (10-100 microm) induced potentiation of cholinergic contraction. These findings suggest that 5-HT facilitates cholinergic contraction in human airways in vitro through stimulation of both prejunctional 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. This may implicate a role of 5-HT in asthma.
Single emitter based diode lasers with high brightness high power and narrow linewidth (2011)

Multiple Single Emitter (MSE) modules allow highest power and highest brightness fiber coupled diode lasers based on standard broad area diodes. 12 single emitters, each rated at 11W, can be stacked in fast axis and yield more than 100W in a fully collimated beam with a beam quality of 7mm*mrad in both axes. Optical transfer efficiencies of &gt;88% from diode facet to after the fiber are achieved resulting in efficient and compact fiber coupled modules. Volume Bragg Gratings (VBG) stabilize the wavelength over a tuning range of &gt;10nm and narrow the linewidth of individual diodes to less than 2nm. The brightness is scaled by polarization multiplexing and optical stacking is deployed for larger fibers resulting in 700W delivered from a 200&mu;m fiber, 0.2 NA. Wall plug efficiencies of 35% are achieved. The challenge of MSE fiber coupled diode lasers lies in high precision, high yield manufacturing and not so much the optical design of the device, since only collimating lenses and a focusing optic are used. However, a large number of individual components must be handled and consistently aligned with high precision. The 100W module comprises 12 single emitters and the 700W/200&mu;m/0.2 laser comprises 120 single emitters with 85% optical fill factor. Pointing tolerances and collimation errors of all emitters cannot exceed 10% of the spot size to realize the benefits of highest brightness from single emitters compared to bars. The two major assembly processes of MSE fiber coupled diode lasers are the precision diode reflow process and the accurate 5 axis alignment of the fast axis collimation lens (FAC). The reflow process enables positioning of 12 single emitter diodes on submounts within +/-5&mu;m on a common heatsink. Special image processing software performs automated precision alignment and fixation of the FAC with a consistent accuracy of better 0.3um and 0.12mrad. It is also deployed for automated alignment of the external VBG. Wavelength stabilization in an external resonator aims to maximize the locking range and to minimize the drop of output power as well as linewidth. Front facet reflectivity of the diode laser, reflectivity of the volume Bragg grating (VBG) and different resonator designs are investigated.
Analysis and Evaluation of Routing BIST Approaches for FPGAs (2007)

Abstract: We present stuck-at and bridging fault simu-lation results for previously proposed Built-In Self-Test (BIST) approaches for the programmable interconnect resources in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In addition, new BIST approaches are proposed and analyzed via fault simulation. The fault simulation re-sults are used to compare and evaluate the fault detec-tion capabilities and effectiveness of these BIST ap-proaches for testing routing resources in FPGAs.1 1.
Uncooled doped-Si thermopiles for thermal land imaging applications (2019)

Sustained and enhanced land imaging is crucial for providing high-quality science data on change in land use, forest health, environment, and climate. Future thermal land imaging instruments operating in the 10-12 micron band will provide essential information for furthering our hydrologic understanding at scales of human influence, and producing field-scale moisture information through accurate retrievals of evapotranspiration (ET). To address the need for cost-effective future thermal land imaging missions we are developing novel uncooled doped-silicon thermopile detectors, an extension of a detector design concept originally developed at NASA-Goddard for planetary science applications. These doped-Si thermopile detectors have the potential to offer superior performance in terms of sensitivity, speed, and customization, when compared to current commercial-off-the-shelf uncooled detector technologies. Because cryocooler technology does not need to be fielded on the instrument, these and other uncooled detectors offer the benefit of greatly reduced instrument cost, mass, and power at the expense of some acceptable loss in detector sensitivity. We present the motivation for an uncooled thermal imaging instrument, our doped-Si thermopile detector concept, and performance expectations and comparisons. We also provide an update on the current status of this detector technology development.
Unraveling the Surface Chemistry and Structure in Highly Active Sputtered Pt3Y Catalyst Films for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2019)

Platinum is the most widely used and best performing sole element for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in low-temperature fuel cells. Although recyclable, there is a need to reduce the amount used in current fuel cells for their extensive uptake in society. Alloying platinum with rare-earth elements such as yttrium can provide an increase in activity of more than seven times, reducing the amount of platinum and the total amount of catalyst material required for the ORR. As yttrium is easily oxidized, exposure of the Pt-Y catalyst layer to air causes the formation of an oxide layer that can be removed during acid treatment, leaving behind a highly active pure platinum overlayer. This paper presents an investigation of the overlayer composition and quality of Pt<sub>3</sub>Y films sputtered from an alloy target. The Pt<sub>3</sub>Y catalyst surface is investigated using synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after acid treatment. A new substoichiometric oxide component is identified. The oxide layer extends into the alloy surface, and although it is not completely removed with acid treatment, the catalyst still achieves the expected high ORR activity. Other surface-sensitive techniques show that the sputtered films are smooth and bulk X-ray diffraction reveals many defects and high microstrain. Nevertheless, sputtered Pt<sub>3</sub>Y exhibits a very high activity regardless of the film's oxide content and imperfections, highlighting Pt<sub>3</sub>Y as a promising catalyst. The obtained results will help to support its integration into fuel cell systems.
Mechanisms of protection induced by attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. IV. Protection against challenge with virus grown in autologous simian cells (1997)

Attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induces potent protection against infection with wild-type virus, but the mechanism of this immunity remains obscure. Allogeneic antibodies, which arise within animals as a result of SIV infection, might protect against challenge with exogenous SIV grown in allogeneic cells. To test this hypothesis, eight macaques were infected with attenuated SIV and subsequently challenged with wild-type SIV grown in autologous cells or heterologous cells. The results clearly demonstrated that animals infected with attenuated SIV are protected against wild-type SIV grown in autologous or heterologous cells. Thus, the hypothesis that live attenuated SIV protects by the induction of allogeneic antibodies is not tenable.
Scientific process and the hepatitis b virus (1994)

(1994). Scientific process and the hepatitis b virus. Creativity Research Journal: Vol. 7, Creativity and Discovery in Biomedical Sciences Guest Editor: Ken McNaughton Sponsor: Royal Society of Medicine, London, pp. 315-325.
50. Transcript Profiling Identifies Novel Role for SGK1 in Promoting Cardiomyocyte Survival (2005)

FasL only induces cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis when transcription is inhibited. To identify transcription-dependent cardioprotective pathways, we performed microarray analyses on CM that were untreated or stimulated with FasL, in the absence or presence of low-dose Actinomycin D (ActD, to inhibit transcription). 23 transcripts were identified as upregulated by FasL and inhibited by ActD, including Serum- and Glucocorticoid-responsive Kinase-1 (SGK1), a serine-threonine kinase that is expressed in the heart and previously reported to regulate sodium channels. Studies of rats after aortic constriction demonstrated that both phospho- and total SGK1 increased 2 to 7 days after banding. Phospho-SGK1 was also upregulated in CM stimulated in vitro with IGF-I or phenylephrine (PE). To examine the functional effects of SGK1 in CM, we generated recombinant Adenoviral vectors (Ad) carrying HA-tagged, constitutively-active (CA, S422D) and kinase-dead (KD, K127M) mutants of SGK1. In the absence of stimulation, Ad.SGK1.CA increased SGK1 activity 2.45|[plusmn]|0.21-fold (p<0.05), while Ad.SGK1.KD reduced it (0.44|[plusmn]|0.02-fold, p<0.05) compared to control-Ad infected CMs. Stimulation of control-Ad infected CMs with IGF-I induced a comparable, 2.3-fold increase in SGK1 activity. Treatment of Ad.SGK1.CA-infected CM with IGF-I further increased SGK1 activity while Ad. SGK1.KD inhibited it (2.26|[plusmn]|0.07- and 0.40|[plusmn]|0.02-fold, respectively, p<0.05 vs IGF-I-treated control cells). Thus, Ad.SGK1.CA increases SGK1 activity in CMs but remains responsive to further stimulation, and Ad.SGK1.KD acts as a dominant negative to inhibit endogenous SGK1 activity. Neither Ad.SGK1.CA nor Ad.SGK1.KD had significant effects on CM apoptosis in unstimulated CMs. In contrast, Ad.SGK1.CA substantially protected CMs against both serum deprivation (SD)- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis, while inhibition of SGK1 significantly increased the number of apoptotic nuclei compared with control virus-infected CM in both models. These changes in nuclear morphology correlated well with DNA laddering, the biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, and cleavage (activation) of caspase-3, as well as overall cell viability, as indicated by the MTT assay. Of note, the protective effect of IGF-I was significantly but incompletely reversed by expression of SGK1.KD (p<0.05). Evaluation of potential downstream signaling pathways demonstrated that SGK1 induces phosphorylation of Tuberin, p70s6kinase, and GSK3|[beta]| in CM which may contribute to its effects. We conclude that SGK1 is dynamically regulated during acute biomechanical stress in the heart and inhibits CM apoptosis. Thus, SGK1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for conditions such as heart failure or ischemic injury characterized by CM death.
Retraction: Post-operative neuropathy after total hip arthroplasty (2017)

Nerve palsy is a well-described complication following total hip arthroplasty, but is highly distressing and disabling. A nerve palsy may cause difficulty with the post-operative rehabilitation, and overall mobility of the patient. Nerve palsy may result from compression and tension to the affected nerve(s) during the course of the operation via surgical manipulation and retractor placement, tension from limb lengthening or compression from post-operative hematoma. In the literature, hip dysplasia, lengthening of the leg, the use of an uncemented femoral component, and female gender are associated with a greater risk of nerve palsy. We examined our experience at a high-volume, tertiary care referral centre, and found an overall incidence of 0.3% out of 39 056 primary hip arthroplasties. Risk factors found to be associated with the incidence of nerve palsy at our institution included the presence of spinal stenosis or lumbar disc disease, age younger than 50, and smoking. If a nerve palsy is diagnosed, imaging is mandatory and surgical evacuation or compressive haematomas may be beneficial. As palsies are slow to recover, supportive care such as bracing, therapy, and reassurance are the mainstays of treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):46-9.
Preparation of ferulic acid derivatives and evaluation of their xanthine oxidase inhibition activity (2007)

Several ferulic acid ethyl esters (3a-h) were synthesized under the Knoevengel reaction condition and they were further reduced to afford the respective allylic alcohol derivatives (4a-g). Some of them were evaluated for the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. Among them, 3h exhibited a significant inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.35 x 10(-5) M, while the IC50 value of allopurinol used as the positive control was 1.49 x 10(-5) M. The study suggested that the higher acidity of the phenolic OH group in the ferulic acid derivatives might result in improved XO inhibitory activity.
Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Hybrid Full-Bridge Three-Level Converter (2005)

This paper proposes a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) pulse-width modulation (PWM) hybrid full-bridge three-level converter, which has a three-level leg and a two-level leg. The switches of the three-level leg sustain only the half of the input voltage, and they can realize ZVS in a wide load range. The switches of the two-level leg sustain the input voltage, and they can realize ZVS with the use of the resonant inductance. The secondary rectified voltage is a three-level waveform having lower high-frequency content compared with that of the traditional full-bridge converters, which can reduce the output filter, and as a result, the dynamic response of the converter is improved. The voltage stress of the rectifier diode is reduced also. The input current of the converter has quite little ripple, so the input filter can also be significantly reduced. The operation principle of the proposed converter is analyzed and verified by the experimental results.
Rapidly Alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP Is Not Superior to Conventional Alternating COPP/ABVD in Combination With Extended-Field Radiotherapy in Intermediate-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Final Results of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group Trial HD5 (2002)

Alternating COPP/ABVD and rapid alternating COPP/ABV/IMEP in combination with extended-field radiotherapy are equally effective in intermediate-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and produce excellent long-term treatment results.
Dependencies of photoelectric properties of SiC/Si structures grown by the method of atoms substitution on synthesis time (2017)

This paper is dedicated to an exploration of the photoelectric properties of Si–SiC structures grown by the substitution method on silicon substrates of (001) orientation. For the samples with the synthesis times of 40, 60, 90, 120 and 900 s, magnitudes of the saturation currents are determined and the coefficients of efficiency are calculated. The obtained dependencies of the photoelectric characteristics on the synthesis time are explained using the theory of formation of dilatation dipoles during the synthesis by the method of atoms substitution.
Biomechanics of head impacts associated with diagnosed concussion in female collegiate ice hockey players (2015)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that female athletes may be at a greater risk of concussion than their male counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanics of head impacts associated with diagnosed concussions in a cohort of female collegiate ice hockey players. Instrumented helmets were worn by 58 female ice hockey players from 2 NCAA programs over a three year period. Kinematic measures of single impacts associated with diagnosed concussion and head impact exposure on days with and without diagnosed concussion were evaluated. Nine concussions were diagnosed. Head impact exposure was greater in frequency and magnitude on days of diagnosed concussions than on days without diagnosed concussion for individual athletes. Peak linear accelerations of head impacts associated with diagnosed concussion in this study are substantially lower than those previously reported in male athletes, while peak rotational accelerations are comparable. Further research is warranted to determine the extent to which female athletes’ biomechanical tolerance to concussion injuries differs from males.
Socio-economic factors, food habits and phosphorus levels in patients on hemodialysis (2012)

Background: Hyperphosphoremia is one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and also, for the general population. Excessive dietary intake of phosphate (P) is one of the key factors. In particular, P in its inorganic form, which is contained in food additives, is more readily absorbed. Unfortunately, these food additives are mostly present in convenience so called "fast foods" (pre-cooked), soft drinks, which represent the typical food consumed by our hemodialysis (HD) population, composed by elderly people, mostly low-socio economic class, who often live alone. Objectives: We performed an observational retrospective multicenter study to find any association between social, cultural and economic situation, as well as food habits, and P levels in a cohort of patients on HD. Secondarily; we also examined the association between the fast food consumption and increased P levels, as well as patient compliance for P binding products. Patients and Methods: To explore the association between socio-economic factors and serum P levels, we enrolled 100 patients on periodic HD treatment from three different units. Information on social, cultural, economic, diet habits, therapy for hyperphosphoremia and hematological and clinical parameters had been collected through specific questionnaires, administered by a physician. Results: Results showed serum P level was reduced in patients who live alone compared to patients in family (P = 0.04), in self-sufficient (P = 0.05) and in patients belonging to middle-upper class, versus low-class (P = 0.003). Fast foods intake correlates with increase in P serum levels (P = 0.002), whilst the same correlation was not found for cheese intake. Our data show that socio-economic status and food habits are useful predictors of P serum levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, dietary counseling of patients on HD is mandatory. Interventions that consider the socio-economic situation allow delivering important messages on foods with the least amount of P and adequate protein content, and they may be a successful strategy in targeting patients at a higher risk of hyperphosphoremia.
Viral Particle-Mediated SAMHD1 Depletion Sensitizes Refractory Glioblastoma to DNA-Damaging Therapeutics by Impairing Homologous Recombination (2022)

The current standard-of-care treatment for glioblastoma includes DNA damaging agents, γ-irradiation (IR) and temozolomide (TMZ). These treatments fail frequently and there is limited alternative strategy. Therefore, identifying a new therapeutic target is urgently needed to develop a strategy that improves the efficacy of the existing treatments. Here, we report that tumor samples from GBM patients express a high level of SAMHD1, emphasizing SAMHD1's importance. The depletion of SAMHD1 using virus-like particles containing Vpx, VLP(+Vpx), sensitized two independent GBM cell lines (LN-229 and U-87) to veliparib, a well-established PARP inhibitor, and slowed cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse GBM xenograft model, Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 depletion reduced tumor growth and SAMHD1 knockout (KO) improved survival. In combination with IR or TMZ, SAMHD1 KO and exposure to 50% growth inhibitory dose (gID50) of VLP(+Vpx) displayed a synergistic effect, resulting in impaired HR, and improved LN-229 cells' sensitivity to TMZ and IR. In conclusion, our finding demonstrates that SAMHD1 promotes GBM resistance to treatment, and it is a plausible therapeutic target to improve the efficacy of TMZ and IR in GBM. Furthermore, we show that Vpx could be a potential therapeutic tool that can be utilized to deplete SAMHD1 in GBM.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2021)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in infants worldwide. Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the RSV F protein, is the only licensed agent for prevention of severe RSV infection in high-risk infants. Palivizumab is administered intramuscularly, every month during the RSV season, usually 5 doses are required. In recent years, the resolution of the structure of the RSV F protein, with identification of potent neutralizing epitopes, and new technologies for production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have facilitated the development of new alternative strategies for the prevention of RSV infections. One promising approach is a new generation of mAbs directed to new neutralizing epitopes and with prolonged half life. These enhanced mAbs are expected to provide adequate protection during the complete RSV season with a single intramuscular (IM) dose. The long-term goal of this approach is to provide passive immunization for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract infection to all infants (preterm and full term) in the first months of life before their initial exposure to RSV.
Preparation and chemorheology of epoxy resin film used in RFI process (2008)

In order to develop an epoxy matrix resin film used in the low-cost technique of RFI,a new resin film was synthesized with epoxy of E51,high temperature latent curing agent BF3-400 and ethylene glycol,through optimizing the ingredients by the orthogonal design method and controlling the primary reaction degree.The results of the research on its chemorheology show that the least viscosity of this resin film reaches 360 mPa·s,the time of low viscosity below 1000 mPa·s is up to 32 min,and the gel time is 48 min at 130℃ work temperature.The resin film is not sticky and has good flexibility at 25℃ room temperature.Through DSC scanning with different temperature rising rates,the activation energy Eα of the original resin system and that of the resin film were analyzed.It is found that the Eα of the resin film is greater than that of the other one,and increases with the rising of cure degree.Based on the double Arrhenius theory,the prediction function of viscosity and the prediction function of gel time which are both proved to have good applicability by tests were established.According to the viscosity requirement of RFI process,a function for the infusion coefficient is set up,and the optimal theoretical infusion temperature 128.4 ℃ is found.