gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Tensile Testing Combined with EBSD Analysis of Ti-6Al-4V Samples from Components Fabricated by Additive Layer Manufacture (2012)

ALM-based production of Titanium components shows great promise in supplying cost-effective products within industries such as energy, chemical processing and aerospace. In common for all is high quality demands. This necessitates extensive research into the intricacies of this production process. Complex microstructures comprised of columnar remnants of directionally solidified β-Titanium, with interior inhabited by colonies of finer α-plate structures were found in samples produced by layered plasma welding of alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Utilising the powerful characterisation tool of in-situ tensile tests combined with EBSD analysis allowed qualitative correlation between microstructural features and deformation characteristics. Non-uniform deformation occurs due to a strong variation of strain response between colonies. Prismatic and basal slip systems are active, with the prismatic systems contributing to the most severe deformation through coarse, widely spaced slip bands. Certain colonies behave as microstructural units, with easy slip transmission across the entire colony. Other colonies show significant deformation mismatch, with local build up of strain gradients and stress concentration. Segmentation occurs due to the growth morphology imposed by the columnar grains. Tensile tests perpendicular to columnar structures reveal strong deformation localization. Connections are made between the peculiarities of the production process and the observed microstructure and deformation mechanisms.
Histopathologic Features ofMycobacterium ulceransInfection (2003)

Because of the emergence of Buruli ulcer disease, the World Health Organization launched a Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative in 1998. This indolent skin infection is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. During a study of risk factors for the disease in Ghana, adequate excisional skin-biopsy specimens were obtained from 124 clinically suspicious lesions. Buruli ulcer disease was diagnosed in 78 lesions since acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were found by histopathologic examination. Lesions with other diagnoses included filariasis (3 cases), zygomycosis (2 cases), ulcerative squamous cell carcinomas (2 cases), keratin cyst (1 case), and lymph node (1 case). Thirty-seven specimens that did not show AFB were considered suspected Buruli ulcer disease cases. Necrosis of subcutaneous tissues and dermal collagen were found more frequently in AFB-positive specimens compared with specimens from suspected case-patients (p<0.001). Defining histologic criteria for a diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease is of clinical and public health importance since it would allow earlier treatment, leading to less deforming sequelae.
Assessment of Radioisotope Heaters for Remote Terrestrial Applications (1987)

This paper examines the feasibility of using radioisotope byproducts for special heating applications at remote sites in Alaska and other cold regions. The investigation included assessment of candidate radioisotope materials for heater applications, identification of the most promising cold region applications, evaluation of key technical issues and implementation constraints, and development of conceptual heater designs for candidate applications. Strontium-90 (Sr-90) was selected as the most viable fuel for radioisotopic heaters used in terrestrial applications. Opportunities for the application of radioisotopic heaters were determined through site visits to representative Alaska installations. Candidate heater applications included water storage tanks, sludge digesters, sewage lagoons, water piping systems, well-head pumping stations, emergency shelters, and fuel storage tank deicers. Radioisotopic heaters for water storage tank freeze-up protection and for enhancement of biological waste treatment processes at remote sites were selected as the most promising applications.
Going beyond Computation and Its Limits: Injecting Cognition into Computing (2012)

Cognition is the ability to process information, apply knowledge, and change the circumstance. Cognition is associated with intent and its accomplishment through various processes that monitor and control a system and its environment. Cognition is associated with a sense of “self” (the observer) and the systems with which it interacts (the environment or the “observed”). Cognition extensively uses time and history in executing and regulating tasks that constitute a cognitive process. Whether cognition is computation in the strict sense of adhering to Turing-Church thesis or needs additional constructs is a very relevant question for addressing the design of self-managing (autonomous) distributed computing systems. In this paper we argue that cognition requires more than mere book-keeping provided by the Turing machines and certain aspects of cognition such as self-identity, self-description, self-monitoring and self-management can be implemented using parallel extensions to current serial von-Neumann stored program control (SPC) Turing machine implementations. We argue that the new DIME (Distributed Intelligent Computing Element) computing model, recently introduced as the building block of the DIME network architecture, is an analogue of Turing’s O-machine and extends it to implement a recursive managed distributed computing network, which can be viewed as an interconnected group of such specialized Oracle machines, referred to as a DIME network. The DIME network architecture provides the architectural resiliency, which is often associated with cellular organisms, through auto-failover; auto-scaling; live-migration; and end-to-end transaction security assurance in a distributed system. We argue that the self-identity and self-management processes of a DIME network inject the elements of cognition into Turing machine based computing as is demonstrated by two prototypes eliminating the complexity introduced by hypervisors, virtual machines and other layers of ad-hoc management software in today’s distributed computing environments.
Low-voltage bandgap reference with output-regulated current mirror in 90 nm CMOS (2010)

A low-voltage bandgap reference (BGR) circuit is designed and fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS technology. To mitigate error resulting from the mismatch in temperature dependency of the current in the output current mirror device and that of the BGR core, an output-regulated current mirror is incorporated. Experimental results show that the output voltage is 497.2 mV at 25°C with a temperature coefficient of 28.3 ppm/°C between −40°C and 80°C. The circuit occupies 0.0337 mm2 and dissipates 276.6 pW with a supply voltage of 1.2 V.
Guided subwavelength plasmonic mode supported by a slot in a thin metal film (2005)

We demonstrate the existence of a bound optical mode supported by a slot in a thin metallic film deposited on a substrate, with slot dimensions much smaller than the wavelength. The modal size is almost completely dominated by the near field of the slot. Consequently, the size is very small compared with the wavelength, even when the dispersion relation of the mode approaches the light line of the surrounding media. In addition, the group velocity of this mode is close to the speed of light in the substrate, and its propagation length is tens of micrometers at the optical communication wavelength.
Search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV using single lepton events (2017)

A search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV is performed using events with a single isolated electron or muon, jets, and a large transverse momentum imbalance. The results are based on data collected in 2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . No significant excess of events is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are set in the context of supersymmetric models of pair production of top squarks that decay either to a top quark and a neutralino or to a bottom quark and a chargino. Depending on the details of the model, we exclude top squarks with masses as high as 1120 GeV. Detailed information is also provided to facilitate theoretical interpretations in other scenarios of physics beyond the standard model.
Variability of Automated Intraoperative ST Segment Values Predicts Postoperative Troponin Elevation (2015)

Analysis of automated ST segment values obtained during anesthesia may be useful for improving the prediction of postoperative troponin elevation.
Statins and Bone Formation. (2001)

The main therapy needed most in the bone field is an anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Current drugs on the market, which included bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen and related compounds, vitamin D analogues trabecular microarchitecture. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a satisfactory and universally and iprifalvone, are essentially bone resorption inhibitors that mainly act to stabilize bone mass. Patients with established osteoporosis have lost more than 50% of their bone mass at critical sites in the skeleton, and more over have marked disruption of acceptable drug that would stimulate new bone formation and correct this disturbance of trabecular microarchitecture characteristic of established osteoporosis. Recently inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, which controls the first step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, have been shown to stimulate bone formation in rodents both in vitro and in vivo. The effect is associated with an increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene in bone cells. These statins drugs are widely used agents for lowering cholesterol and reducing heart attacks, however they are also known to elicit numerous pleiotropic effects including inhibition of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, inhibition of tumor growth and anti-inflammatory activity. Some of these effects have been attributed to not only to the reduction of cholesterol synthesis by inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme but also by the concurrent reduction in downstream metabolites of the mevalonate pathway such as mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. The findings that statins are capable of increasing bone formation and bone mass in rodents suggests a potential new action for the statins, which may be beneficial in patients with established osteoporosis where marked bone loss has occurred. Recent clinical data suggests that they may reduce the risk of fracture in patients taking these drugs. However, their precise role can only be determined by appropriate randomized clinical trials, which demonstrate their efficacy in this regard in patients.
Dietary, Complementary, and Alternative Therapies (2011)

Abstract The families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have become increasingly interested in therapies outside conventional treatments in an attempt to improve symptomatically, or even cure, their child with ASD. This chapter discusses complementary and alternative medicine use in children with ASDs; how to evaluate therapies; complementary and alternative medicine therapies for ASD; mind-body therapies; biologically-based practices; manipulative and body-based therapies; and energy medicine.
Effectively Single-Mode Chirally-Coupled Core Fiber (2007)

We demonstrate Chirally-Coupled-Core (CCC) fiber with 35-µm diameter and 0.07 NA core which is effectively single-mode. This is a new type of fibers whose modal properties are defined both by their longitudinal and transverse structure.
Improvement of miniaturized olfactory display using electroosmotic pumps and SAW device (2014)

Recently, the study of using olfactory displays to release scents in virtual environment have been expanded. Our group have developed an olfactory display using electroosmotic (EO) pumps and a surface acoustic device (SAW) device. In this study, the improved olfactory display is described. The number of odor components was increased from 6 in the previous work to 8 whereas the size was further miniaturized so that it can be equipped on a headset. A visual-olfactory display system was also developed using the proposed olfactory display. The system can release scents in accordance with contents in the movie on Windows Media Player platform run on a PC. An experiment based on sensory test was performed to evaluate the capability to release scents of low volatile odorants within a short time and without odor remaining after the presentation.
Simple dielectric resonator antennas using ITO, Al and Ag coated glass on a transmission line (2019)

A novel Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA), simply made of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)and Al or Ag coated glass slide of size 15mm x 15mm is studied in the frequency range1MHz-12GHz. This study enables the applicability of such DRAs in the dual-band WLAN/WiMAX frequency range (2.4-5.85GHz). The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip feedline that excites the ITO or metal coated DRAs. The three DRAs of ITO, Al and Ag coated glass slides of the same dimension have been compared with each other with reference to the original transmission line features. Changes in the direction of propagation are observed with frequency. The bandwidth in case of ITO samples is wider than the metallic counterparts.
Leaky Kits: The Increased Risk of Data Exposure from Phishing Kits (2022)

Phishing kits allow adversaries with little or no technical experience to launch phishing websites in a short time. Past research has found such phishing kits that contain backdoors (e.g., obfuscated email addresses), which are intentionally added by the kit developers to obtain the phished data. In this work, we augment on prior research by exploring several ways in which security flaws in phishing kits make the victim data accessible to a wider set of adversaries beyond the kit deployers and kit developers. We implement an automated framework for kit collection and analysis, which includes a custom command-line PHP execution tool (for dynamic analysis) along with other open-source tools. Our analysis focuses on finding backdoors (e.g., obfuscated email address, command injection), measuring the extent of disclosure of sensitive information (e.g., via exposed plaintext files, hardcoded Telegram bot tokens, hardcoded admin console passwords) and detecting security vulnerabilities in phishing kits. We analyze 4238 distinct phishing kits (from a set of 26,281 compressed files collected from several sources over a span of 15 months), each having unique SHA-1 hash value. We found that 3.9% of the analyzed kits contained at least one form of backdoor. We also found hardcoded admin console passwords and API keys used to access third party services, in 8.3% and 16% of the analyzed kits, respectively. In addition, 15.8% of the analyzed kits wrote stolen information (PII) of users in plaintext files; 5.6% kits did not restrict external access to these plaintext files, leading to exposure of sensitive phished data (e.g., 178,504 passwords, 133,248 email addresses, 1253 credit card numbers). Furthermore, 11.7% of the analyzed kits contained hardcoded Telegram bots; we obtained invite links to join Telegram chats in 0.5% kits, and found them to expose chat messages containing sensitive PII information of victims (e.g., 73,342 passwords, 141,095 email addresses, 3584 credit card numbers). We also found that 64% of the kits are affected by security vulnerabilities (e.g., insecure file operations, SQL injection), which can be abused to further expose user data. We have open-sourced our framework and other artifacts to benefit future research.
Subcritical Water Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Rosemary Plants (2002)

Subcritical water extraction at several temperatures ranging from 25 to 200 degrees C has been studied to selectively extract antioxidant compounds from rosemary leaves. An exhaustive characterization of the fractions obtained using subcritical water at different temperatures has been carried out by LC-MS, and the antioxidant activities of the extracts have been measured by a free radical method (DPPH). Results indicate high selectivity of the subcritical water toward the most active compounds of rosemary such as carnosol, rosmanol, carnosic acid, methyl carnosate, and some flavonoids such as cirsimaritin and genkwanin. The antioxidant activity of the fractions obtained by extraction at different water temperatures was very high, with values around 11.3 microg/mL, comparable to those achieved by SFE of rosemary leaves. A study of the effect of the temperature on the extraction efficiency of the most typical rosemary antioxidant compounds has been performed.
Classic versus Endoscopic Perforating Vein Surgery : a Retrospective Study (1998)

The endoscopic techniques produce results comparable to the FELDER procedure, with smaller scars and a tendency towards a faster recovery.
Toward effective management of large-scale software (2016)

This paper outlines challenges the authors have faced over decades of industrial experience with large-scale software analysis and maintenance projects (especially legacy modernization) for multiple organizations where millions of lines of source code are involved. Such projects require large teams cooperating on parsing, analyzing, and manipulating source code. In this context the use of traditional parsing techniques based on context-free grammars has proven problematic. We present the Programmar API, a recently developed parsing approach designed to overcome these problems. This paper describes the industrial experiences that led to our R&D activities. The Programmar approach is designed to enable large teams to effectively extract complete, accurate, up-to-date information from application source code, and to provide this information as the basis for a wide variety of software management tools and activities. We present a framework that relates various types of such activities, and describe a vision for how the Programmar approach can provide significant benefits for the software industry in the future via an open-source distribution approach. This paper is intended to serve as an example of how challenges faced by industry can stimulate research, and as a catalyst for discussion of industry needs and potential future research directions.
Radical-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of a Tungsten Oxide Film with the Tunable Oxygen Vacancy Concentration (2020)

This work reports a radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition (REALD) process using WH₂(Cp)₂–O*–H* reaction cycles (Cp = cyclopentadienyl group) to grow WO₃–ₓ films with a wide range of tunable oxygen vacancy (VO) concentrations where O* and H* represent oxygen and hydrogen radicals, respectively. The fundamental WH₂(Cp)₂–O* ALD process was characterized by saturation behavior for the W-precursor/O* dose, high deposition uniformity, and a short incubation period. The VO concentration could be limitedly controlled up to ∼0.7 at. % when the O* dose was appropriately decreased within the ALD saturation range. However, a further increase in the VO concentration could hardly be achieved by simply decreasing the O* dose, which accompanied the carbon-related impurities due to incomplete ligand release from the growing film. The addition of the H* pulse step in each ALD cycle rendered it possible to achieve a much higher VO concentration up to ∼5 at. % without disturbing the ALD saturation conditions and involving any carbon-containing impurities. Ab initio calculations of the valence band (VB) spectra, assuming oxygen-deficient WO₃–ₓ, showed good agreement with the experimental VB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data, which corroborated the estimated VO concentrations based on the core-level XPS data. The increase in the VO concentration obtained in the new reaction cycle process was accompanied by a significant film resistivity decrease and a noticeable change in the crystalline structure. The VO concentration-controlled WO₃–ₓ films could be a viable material for diverse electronic applications, including resistive random-access memory devices.
Whole body PD-L1 PET in patients with NSCLC and melanoma. (2018)

139 Background: PD-(L)1 immunotherapy is effective in multiple tumors, including NSCLC and melanoma, but tumor PD-L1 IHC correlates only moderately with treatment outcome. This study aims to assess 1) safety of 18 F-BMS-986192 ( 18 F-PD-L1) in human, 2) PD-L1 quantification in tumors using 18 F-PD-L1 PET, 3) PD-L1 PET correlation with IHC and treatment outcome, and 4) intra and inter subject tracer uptake variability. Methods: Pts with NSCLC (N = 10) and melanoma (N = 3) were included. At baseline, pts received a static or multiphase dynamic whole body PET scan after injecting 200 MBq 18 F-BMS-986192. For NSCLC pts, (1) SUV(max, peak and mean) were measured for each delineable tumor (N = 32, 1-7 tumors/pt), (2) PD-L1 IHC (28.8 assay) was performed on the biopsy, and (3) response to Nivolumab therapy assessed by RECIST 1.1. Intra and inter subject variability and intraclass correlation were calculated using SUVs of all assessed tumors. Equal variance for PD-L1 status was evaluated by a Levene’s test. Four (3 female) pts underwent dosimetry study (ICRP 60). Results: No AEs related to radiotracer was observed. Dosimetry study demonstrated whole body exposure of 30 mGy at dose &gt; 1400 MBq. Biodistribution among pts is comparable. PD-L1 IHC from 13 biopsied lesions were evaluated, 5 &lt; 1%, 4 ≥1%, and 4 ≥50%. Tumor tracer uptake was measured in NSCLC pts and categorized by PDL-1 IHC as ≥50% or &lt; 50%. Clinical trial information: 2015-004760-11. Tumor SUVs did not correlate with RECIST 1.1 assessment. Lesion heterogeneity was reflected in both inter and intra pt variability (CVinter = 41%, CVintra = 53%, ICC = 0.41 for SUVpeak). Levene’s test showed no significance in variability between the two PD-L1 categories. Conclusions: PET-imaging with 18 F-BMS-986192 is safe and feasible in pts with NSCLC and melanoma. Pts with higher PD-L1 PET SUV have higher PD-L1 by IHC. Intra pt variability is similar to inter pt variability. With limited number of pts, no clear correlation of PET PD-L1 and tumor response is observed. A prospective study with this tracer is underway to further investigate 18 F-BMS-986192 in understanding of PD-L1 expression.[Table: see text]
Advances that are changing the diagnosis and treatment of malignant bone tumors (2004)

Recent discoveries in the molecular mechanisms of bone sarcomas may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of these rare diseases. This, combined with the recent findings of the anticancer effects of bisphosphonates, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and statins, may lead to the development of novel treatments for sarcomas of bone and of carcinomas metastatic to bone.
Effect of prestress on performance of a 1. 8 m SSC R D dipole (1991)

A series of 1.8 SSC dipoles is being built and tested as part of the R D program. One of the 40 mm - aperture magnets was tested with a standard assembly and then reassembled and retested in a special configuration which had significantly less azimuthal prestress than the initial assembly. We report quench, coil stress, end force, and harmonics data for each of the assemblies. Quench performance was not degraded for the low-prestress assembly. 4 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.