gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining neural networks and tree search for task and motion planning in challenging environments (2017)

Task and motion planning subject to Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) specifications in complex, dynamic environments requires efficient exploration of many possible future worlds. Model-free reinforcement learning has proven successful in a number of challenging tasks, but shows poor performance on tasks that require long-term planning. In this work, we integrate Monte Carlo Tree Search with hierarchical neural net policies trained on expressive LTL specifications. We use reinforcement learning to find deep neural networks representing both low-level control policies and task-level “option policies” that achieve high-level goals. Our combined architecture generates safe and responsive motion plans that respect the LTL constraints. We demonstrate our approach in a simulated autonomous driving setting, where a vehicle must drive down a road in traffic, avoid collisions, and navigate an intersection, all while obeying rules of the road.
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY IN OVARIAN CANCER (1983)

Sixteen women suffering from ovarian cancer were staged by clinical and pathological means and concomitantly scanned by computed tomographic means. Computed tomography (CT) was found accurate in nine patients. The staging of the disease was upgraded in three patients following the CT examination. CT examination in four patients was equivocal or failed to detect the true extent of the disease. It was not possible to accurately assess the true nature of the pelvic mass on CT following a partial debulking pelvic procedure, as the remnant pelvic bed tissue could be misinterpreted as recurrent cancer. Small peritoneal cancer seedings were not detected on CT. CT scanning despite certain limitations is a valuable noninvasive adjunct in the assessment of carcinoma of the ovary and its response to treatment.
Analysis and correction of imperfections in the image intensifier–TV–digitizer imaging chain (1991)

Image intensifier-television-video digitizer (IITVD) systems are commonly used for digital planar image acquisition in radiology. However, the well-known distortions inherent in these systems limit their utility in research and in some clinical applications where quantitatively correct images are required. Software correction techniques have been implemented which restore both the spatial and grey scale quantitative integrity, allowing IITVD systems to be used as analytical research tools. Previously reported and novel correction techniques were used to reduce veiling glare, pincushion distortion, dc bias, and residual shading effects. The results indicate that excellent quantitative integrity can be achieved when these straightforward artifact reduction techniques are employed.
Automated grading for diabetic retinopathy: a large-scale audit using arbitration by clinical experts (2010)

The automated grading software operated to previously published results when applied to a large, unselected population attending two regional screening programmes. Manual grading workload reduction would be 36.3%.
Collimator irradiation studies in the Argonne Advanced Photon Source at energy densities expected in next-generation storage ring light sources (2022)

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) team is building a fourth-generation storage ring (4GSR), replacing the present double-bend achromat lattice with a multibend achromat system thereby allowing the production of ultrabright x-ray beams. The new lattice enables a 2-order-of-magnitude reduction in horizontal beam emittance and a factor of two increase in beam current. The result is an electron beam of very high energy and power densities. Initial predictions suggest many common ultrahigh-vacuum-compatible materials struck by the full-intensity electron beam will be damaged. Two experimental beam abort studies have been conducted on collimator test pieces in the present APS SR to inform the design of a fully-functional machine protection system for APS 4GSR operations at 200 mA. A comprehensive suite of diagnostics was utilized during the studies. The diagnostics used in these experiments are not new, but employed in different ways to obtain unique data sets. With these sets now in hand, we are developing new numerical tools to guide collimator design using pelegant [M. Borland, elegant: A flexible SDDS-compliant code for accelerator simulation, Technical Report No. LS-287, Advanced Photon Source, 2000; Y. Wang and M. Borland, Implementation and performance of parallelized elegant, in Proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, http://cern.ch/AccelConf/p07/PAPERS/THPAN095.PDF, pp. 3444--3446], mars [N. V. Mokhov and S. I. Striganov, Fermilab-conf-07/008-ad, AIP Conf. Proc. 896, 50 (2007)], and flash [B. Fryxell et al., flash: An adaptive mesh hydrodynamics code for modeling astrophysical thermonuclear flashes, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 131, 273 (2000); P. Tzeferacos et al., Laboratory evidence of dynamo amplification of magnetic fields in a turbulent plasma, Nat. Commun. 9, 591 (2018)].
Antioxidant defenses in rat intestine and mesenteric lymph (1999)

Dietary oxysterols can reach the circulation and this may contribute to atherosclerosis, where lipid oxidation is thought to be important. There is also evidence that, in rats, peroxidized lipids are absorbed and transported into lymph [Aw TY, Williams MW, Gray L. Absorption and lymphatic transport of peroxidized lipids by rat small intestine in vivo: role of mucosal GSH. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: G99-G106], although the method used to detect lipid peroxides lacked specificity. We tested whether intragastric administration of vegetable oils containing triglyceride hydroperoxides (TG-OOH) to rats resulted in detectable lipid hydroperoxides in mesenteric lymph. Using sensitive HPLC with postcolumn chemiluminescence detection, we were unable to detect hydroperoxides of triglycerides, cholesterylesters or phospholipids during the course of lipid absorption, and lymph levels of ascorbate, urate, alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol-9 did not change significantly. By contrast, we observed a striking reducing activity judged by the efficient reduction of administered ubiquinones-9 and -10 to the corresponding ubiquinols. Exposure of rat lymph and isolated chylomicrons to aqueous peroxyl radicals revealed patterns of antioxidant consumption and lipid hydroperoxide formation similar to those described previously for human extravascular fluids and isolated lipoproteins, respectively. In particular, rates of TG-OOH formation in lymph and chylomicrons were very low to undetectable as long as ascorbate and/or ubiquinols were present, but subsequently proceeded in a chain reaction despite the presence of alpha-tocopherol. These studies demonstrate that rat intestine and mesenteric lymph possess efficient antioxidant defenses against preformed lipid hydroperoxides and (peroxyl) radical mediated lipid oxidation. We conclude that dietary lipid hydroperoxides or postprandial oxidation of lipids are not likely to contribute to these particular forms of oxidized lipids in circulation and aortic tissue.
The N-terminal Truncated Isoform of SOCS3 Translated from an Alternative Initiation AUG Codon under Stress Conditions Is Stable Due to the Lack of a Major Ubiquitination Site, Lys-6 (2003)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3/CIS-33/SSI-3) is an important negative regulator of cytokine signaling. Here, we show that an N-terminal truncated isoform (DeltaN-SOCS3) translated from the internal AUG codon 12 was profoundly induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- or active double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR, as a result of induction of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation. DeltaN-SOCS3 exhibited a stronger cytokine-inhibitory activity and a higher stability than WT-SOCS3 in Ba/F3 hematopoietic cells. A potential ubiquitination residue, Lys-6, at the N terminus is evolutionary conserved among SOCS3 species. The K6Q-SOCS3 mutant showed a much longer half-life than WT-SOCS3 in Ba/F3 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the 26 S proteasome pathway increased both ubiquitination and protein levels of WT-SOCS3 but had no effect on K6Q-SOCS3. SOCS3 mutant lacking the carboxyl-terminal SOCS-box exhibited the same stability as K6Q-SOCS3. These observations suggest that the short form of SOCS3 is a naturally occurring stabilized inhibitory protein, whereas WT-SOCS3 is a short-lived protein modulated by Lys-6 ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Our findings provide strong evidence for the first time that translational control plays an important role in stabilization and function of SOCS3.
The CRTC1-SIK1 Pathway Regulates Entrainment of the Circadian Clock (2013)

Retinal photoreceptors entrain the circadian system to the solar day. This photic resetting involves cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated upregulation of Per genes within individual cells of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Our detailed understanding of this pathway is poor, and it remains unclear why entrainment to a new time zone takes several days. By analyzing the light-regulated transcriptome of the SCN, we have identified a key role for salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) and CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) in clock re-setting. An entrainment stimulus causes CRTC1 to coactivate CREB, inducing the expression of Per1 and Sik1. SIK1 then inhibits further shifts of the clock by phosphorylation and deactivation of CRTC1. Knockdown of Sik1 within the SCN results in increased behavioral phase shifts and rapid re-entrainment following experimental jet lag. Thus SIK1 provides negative feedback, acting to suppress the effects of light on the clock. This pathway provides a potential target for the regulation of circadian rhythms.
A Fast Algorithm for Recovery of Jointly Sparse Vectors based on the Alternating Direction Methods (2011)

The standard compressive sensing (CS) aims to recover sparse signal from single measurement vector which is known as SMV model. By contrast, recovery of sparse signals from multiple measurement vectors is called MMV model. In this paper, we consider the recovery of jointly sparse signals in the MMV model where multiple signal measurements are represented as a matrix and the sparsity of signal occurs in common locations. The sparse MMV model can be formulated as a matrix (2, 1)-norm minimization problem, which is much more difficult to solve than the l1-norm minimization in standard CS. In this paper, we propose a very fast algorithm, called MMV-ADM, to solve the jointly sparse signal recovery problem in MMV settings based on the alternating direction method (ADM). The MMVADM alternately updates the recovered signal matrix, the Lagrangian multiplier and the residue, and all update rules only involve matrix or vector multiplications and summations, so it is simple, easy to implement and much faster than the state-of-the-art method MMVprox. Numerical simulations show that MMV-ADM is at least dozens of times faster than MMVprox with comparable recovery accuracy. Appearing in Proceedings of the 14 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2011, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. Volume 15 of JMLR: W&CP 15. Copyright 2011 by the authors.
Reduction of mutual coupling between closely spaced PIFAs (2010)

A new approach for reducing mutual coupling between planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) is proposed. The approach consists of placing a resonator in between the PIFAs. The signal from the first antenna is scattered by the resonator and couples to the second antenna creating another path for mutual coupling, the phase and amplitude of which may be varied to suppress the existing coupling between the antennas. The simulation and experimental studies show that the proposed technique is able to reduce mutual coupling to about −25 dB from −3.5 dB when the antennas are placed as close as λ/11. Reduced mutual coupling between closely spaced antennas may find applications in MIMO, multi-antenna systems and phased arrays.
Reduced cholesterol absorption upon PPARδ activation coincides with decreased intestinal expression of NPC1L1 (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) control the transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Activation of PPARdelta may have antiatherogenic effects through the increase of plasma HDL, theoretically promoting reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues toward the liver for removal via bile and feces. Effects of PPARdelta activation by GW610742 were evaluated in wild-type and Abca1-deficient (Abca1(-/-)) mice that lack HDL. Treatment with GW610742 resulted in an approximately 50% increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol in wild-type mice, whereas plasma cholesterol levels remained extremely low in Abca1(-/-) mice. Yet, biliary cholesterol secretion rates were similar in untreated wild-type and Abca1(-/-) mice and unaltered upon treatment. Unexpectedly, PPARdelta activation led to enhanced fecal neutral sterol loss in both groups without any changes in intestinal Abca1, Abcg5, Abcg8, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase expression. Moreover, GW610742 treatment resulted in a 43% reduction of fractional cholesterol absorption in wild-type mice, coinciding with a significantly reduced expression of the cholesterol absorption protein Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (Npc1l1) in the intestine. PPARdelta activation is associated with increased plasma HDL and reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption efficiency that may be related to decreased intestinal Npc1l1 expression. Thus, PPARdelta is a promising target for drugs aimed to treat or prevent atherosclerosis.
Guidelines for evaluating performance of oyster habitat restoration (2015)

Restoration of degraded ecosystems is an important societal goal, yet inadequate monitoring and the absence of clear performance metrics are common criticisms of many habitat restoration projects. Funding limitations can prevent adequate monitoring, but we suggest that the lack of accepted metrics to address the diversity of restoration objectives also presents a serious challenge to the monitoring of restoration projects. A working group with experience in designing and monitoring oyster reef projects was used to develop standardized monitoring metrics, units, and performance criteria that would allow for comparison among restoration sites and projects of various construction types. A set of four universal metrics (reef areal dimensions, reef height, oyster density, and oyster size–frequency distribution) and a set of three universal environmental variables (water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) are recommended to be monitored for all oyster habitat restoration projects regardless of their goal(s). In addition, restoration goal‐based metrics specific to four commonly cited ecosystem service‐based restoration goals are recommended, along with an optional set of seven supplemental ancillary metrics that could provide information useful to the interpretation of prerestoration and postrestoration monitoring data. Widespread adoption of a common set of metrics with standardized techniques and units to assess well‐defined goals not only allows practitioners to gauge the performance of their own projects but also allows for comparison among projects, which is both essential to the advancement of the field of oyster restoration and can provide new knowledge about the structure and ecological function of oyster reef ecosystems.
Fungal species associated with three phytophagous insects of gorse (2015)

Investigated the diversity of fungi on the surfaces of three phytophagous insect species of gorse by culturing and culture indepdendent techniques.
Hepatic stellate cells express functional CXCR4 (2009)

HSCs express CXCR4 receptor in vivo and in vitro. CXCR4 receptor activation by SDF-1alpha is profibrogenic through its effects on HSC activation, fibrogenesis, and proliferation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediate SDF-1alpha-induced effects on HSC expression of collagen I and proliferation. The availability of small molecule inhibitors of CXCR4 make this receptor an appealing target for antifibrotic approaches.
Numerical analysis of transient combustion response to acoustic oscillations in axisymmetric rocket motors (1998)

A numerical analysis of unsteady motions in solid
rocket motors with a nozzle has been conducted. The
formulation treats the complete conservation equations
for the gas phase and the one-dimensional equations in
the radial direction for the condensed phase. A fully
coupled implicit scheme based on a dual time-stepping
integration algorithm has been adopted to solve the governing equations and associated boundary conditions.
After obtaining a steady state solution, periodic pressure
oscillations are imposed at the head end to simulate acoustic oscillations of a traveling-wave motion in
the combustion chamber. The amplitude of the pressure
oscillation is 1.0 % of the mean pressure and the
frequency is 1790 Hz, corresponding to the twice of the
fundamental frequency of the chamber. Magnitude and
phase of pressure and axial velocity fluctuations are influenced by the upstream reflecting wave from the nozzle
wall. Axial velocity near surface region oscillates
in phase advance manner with reference to the acoustic
pressure. Large vorticity fluctuations are observed in
near surface region. The mass-flow-rate at the nozzle
exit periodically oscillates with a time delay compared
to the imposed pressure oscillations at the head end.
SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR SELECTED MICROBIAL PATHOGENS IN AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAONPICTUS) AND SYMPATRIC DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) IN MAASAI MARA, KENYA (1993)

A serosurvey of antibodies to canine parvo virus (CPV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and Ehrlichia canis (EC) in African (Lycaon pictus) and sympatric domestic canids was conducted in the Maasai Mara, Kenya, in 1989 and 1990. Samples were collected from about 20% of the sympatric and wild dog populations. Of the domestic dogs, 25.4%, 1.8%, and 15.5% were seropositive for CPV, CDV, and EC, respectively. The seroprevalences of these three diseases in African wild dogs were 6.7%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The seroprevalence of CPV was higher (P = 0.12) in domestic dogs than in African wild dogs. In addition, significant differences in CPV prevalence in domestic dogs were noted between sampling sites (P = 0.001) and years (P < 0.001). Differences in seroprevalence of CDV between species were not significant (P = 0.76). The seroprevalence of EC was higher in domestic dogs than in African wild dogs (P = 0.13). The higher prevalence of antibodies to CPV and EC in domestic dogs indicates that domestic dogs may serve as sources of
Inactivation of fatty acid transport protein 1 prevents fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2004)

2-[ 14 C]DG-6-phosphate (2-DG-6-P); 2-deoxy-D-[1-14 C]glucose (2-[ 14 C]DG); fatty acid-binding protein (FABP); fatty acid transport protein-
gamma-Linoleic acid and ascorbic acid ameliorate the effects of experimental diabetes on electrolyte and bone homeostasis in pregnant rats (2002)

Experimental diabetes in rats is associated with excessive electrolyte loss in the urine, which is further accentuated by pregnancy, particularly of Ca. Supplementation with essential fatty acids and antioxidants has proven beneficial in treating several types of complications, including nephropathy. The present study investigated the effect of gamma-linoleic acid (GLA; 500 mg/kg per day; group DG) and ascorbate (290 mg/kg per day; group DA), alone and in combination (group DGA), as well as ascorbyl-GLA (790 mg/kg per day; group DASG), on urinary electrolyte output and skeletal composition in pregnant streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Urine was collected in metabolism cages before and throughout pregnancy. Diabetic rats (DP) increased their urine volume as compared with control (CP) throughout the experiment, reaching an output of more than 13 times that of the control group by the end of pregnancy (CP 24+/-4, DP 316+/-21, DG 223+/-21, DA 221+/-14, DASG 163+/-17, DGA 220+/-19 ml urine/24 h). Concomitant with increased urine volume was a reduction of urinary Na (CP 47+/-14, DP 22+/-5 mmol/l), K (CP 210+/-34, DP 31+/-1 mmol/l) and Mg (CP 14+/-1, DP 3.8+/-0.2 mmol/l) concentration, but not of Ca concentration (CP 5.4+/-1.5, DP 6.3+/-0.6 mmol/l), and hence total Ca loss was relatively most severe. All the treatments reduced urine volume with no effects on electrolyte concentration as compared with DP, with no significant difference between the treatments. A reduced bone size and bone Ca content was partially ameliorated by the diet supplementation. We have concluded that GLA and ascorbate, alone or in combination, prevent urinary electrolyte loss in pregnant rats and do so by reducing urine production.
The Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder With Auditory Neurofeedback: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Using the Mente Autism Device (2018)

<b>Introduction:</b> Children affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have impairment of social interaction and demonstrate difficulty with emotional communication, display of posture and facial expression, with recognized relationships between postural control mechanisms and cognitive functions. Beside standard biomedical interventions and psychopharmacological treatments, there is increasing interest in the use of alternative non-invasive treatments such as neurofeedback (NFB) that could potentially modulate brain activity resulting in behavioral modification. <b>Methods:</b> Eighty-three ASD subjects were randomized to an Active group receiving NFB using the Mente device and a Control group using a Sham device. Both groups used the device each morning for 45 minutes over a 12 week home based trial without any other clinical interventions. Pre and Post standard ASD questionnaires, qEEG and posturography were used to measure the effectiveness of the treatment. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-four subjects (17 Active and 17 Control) completed the study. Statistically and substantively significant changes were found in several outcome measures for subjects that received the treatment. Similar changes were not detected in the Control group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results show that a short 12 week course of NFB using the Mente Autism device can lead to significant changes in brain activity (qEEG), sensorimotor behavior (posturography), and behavior (standardized questionnaires) in ASD children.
Assessment of absorption of transdermal ondansetron in normal research cats (2017)

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the absorption of transdermal ondansetron in healthy cats. Methods Five research cats with unremarkable complete blood count, biochemistry and urinalysis were used for both single- and multiple-dose application studies. For single-dose application, 4 mg ondansetron in 0.1 ml Lipoderm gel was applied once to the internal ear pinna. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheter over a 48 h period following administration (0, 15 mins, 30 mins, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). For multiple-dose application, 4 mg ondansetron in 0.1 ml Lipoderm gel was applied for five consecutive days before blood samples were obtained in the same manner. Serum was separated and frozen prior to analysis. Ondansetron was measured via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results Analysis revealed no clinically relevant drug levels in serum after either single- or multiple-dose administration of 4 mg transdermal ondansetron. Conclusions and relevance Transdermal application of 4 mg ondansetron does not result in clinically relevant serum concentrations of drug. Despite characteristics of the drug that imply suitability for transdermal application, this does not appear to be an acceptable method of drug delivery for this medication at this dose. This study highlights the importance of assessing the suitability of each medication for transdermal administration.