gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caesium accumulation and interactions with other monovalent cations in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (1991)

Summary Growth of Synechocystis PCC 6803 in BG-11 medium supplemented with 1 mM-CsCl resulted in intracellular accumulation of Cs + to a final level of approximately 510 nmol (10 9 cells) -1 after incubation for 10 d. The doubling time was increased by 64% and the final cell yield was decreased by 70% during growth in the presence of Cs + as compared to growth in control BG-11 medium. When the total monovalent cation concentration of the medium was doubled by adding either K + or Na + , levels of accumulated Cs + were decreased by approximately 50% to 220 and 270 nmol (10 9 cells) -1 , respectively, after 28 d with little inhibition of growth being apparent. Short-term experiments revealed that extracellular K + and Na + inhibited Cs + accumulation to a similar extent, with 90% inhibition of Cs + accumulation occurring at the highest concentrations used (50 mM-K + or Na + ; 1 mM-Cs + ). In all experiments, Cs + accumulation resulted in a reduction in intracellular K + , except when cells were grown in K + -depleted medium, although a stoichiometric relationship was not apparent, the amount of Cs + accumulated generally being greater than the amount of K + released. Cs + accumulation had no discernible effect on intracellular Na + . When K + , Na + , Rb + , Li + or Tl + were supplied at equimolar (1 mM) concentrations to Cs + , only Tl + significantly reduced Cs + accumulation. However, an approximately 50% inhibition of Cs + accumulation resulted when concentrations of K + , Na + , Rb + or Li + were increased to 10 mM, which suggests that Cs + may have a higher affinity for the monovalent cation transport system than K + , Rb + and TI + also caused a decrease in intracellular K + , whereas Na + and Li + stimulated K + uptake. Cs + accumulation was dependent on the external Cs + concentration and showed a linear relationship to external Cs + concentrations≤2 mM over 12 h incubation. However, prolonged incubation in external Cs + concentrations≥ 0·8 mM resulted in Cs + release from the cells and after 48 h, similar amounts of Cs + and K + were present in cells incubated at these higher concentrations. Cs + accumulation was energy- and pH-dependent. Incubation in the light at 4 °C, or in the presence of 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), or at 22 °C in the dark resulted in decreased Cs + accumulation and decreased K + release from the cells. Increased amounts of Cs + were accumulated as the pH of the external medium was increased, with maximal accumulation [approximately 1330 nmol Cs + (10 9 cells) -1 after 24 h incubation] occurring at pH 10, the highest pH value used. It is suggested that an important mechanism of Cs + toxicity in Synechocystis PCC 6803 arises through replacement of cellular K + by Cs + . The possible role of primary producers such as cyanobacteria in the mobilization of this radionuclide in aquatic habitats is discussed.
Translational research to improve the treatment of severe extremity injuries (2014)

The importance of early transit times to Role 3 capabilities for definitive surgical care has been underlined. Novel and superior methods of antibiotic and growth factor delivery, compared with current clinical standards of care, have been shown. There is the potential for translation to clinical studies to promote infection control and bone healing in these devastating injuries.
Distributed User Selection in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems with Pilot Contamination (2015)

In this paper, we consider a time-division duplex (TDD) multi-cell massive MIMO system. Channel estimation is hampered by pilot contamination from neighbouring cells. We propose a low-complexity distributed user selection scheme to improve the throughput performance and reduce pilot contamination. The scheduling decision is made among the users according to their virtual SINR, and only the self-selected users can be co- scheduled for data transmission. The advantages of our proposed scheme are twofold. Firstly, users experiencing a weak channel are less likely to be self-selected; this will increase the throughput performance of the system. Secondly, users that contribute to significant pilot contamination are also less likely to be selected; this will improve the accuracy of channel estimation. Analytical expressions for setting the user selection threshold and the average mean squared error (MSE) performance are derived. Finally, numerical results are also presented to provide further insights.
Squamous cell carcinoma occurring with aspergillosis in the maxillary sinus: a case report and histological study (2010)

The coexistence of aspergillosis and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the maxillary sinus was very rare. To our knowledge, this is the second report of coexistent SCC and aspergillosis in the maxillary sinus. A 58-year-old man underwent surgery for unilateral maxillary sinus infection with oroantral fistula. In the surgical specimen, SCC and aspergillosis were co-detected with routine and immunohistochemical stainings. Moreover, human papillomavirus 18 (HPV-18) was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the sinus specimen. The patient was re-operated with subtotal maxillectomy and has been followed up for two years without any evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Although it is not understood how aspergillosis could induce carcinoma formation, the chronic inflammation caused by prolonged fungal infection might be carcinogenic. Moreover, HPV-16 and – 18 were another causative pathogens of SCC in the head and neck region. We recommend careful examination, including preoperative cytology, in patients with maxillary sinus fungal infections because of the potential for cancer development.
Doxycycline in combination chemotherapy of a rat leukemia. (1988)

Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by doxycycline (DC), a tetracycline analogue, has significant antitumor effects in several tumor systems. In the present study, the effects of continuous DC treatment combined with intermittent administration of Adriamycin or 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine on the growth of a rat leukemia were investigated. The presence of DC retards tumor relapse after 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine or Adriamycin treatment significantly. DC may therefore be of value in several modalities of antitumor treatment.
Frequency of Formal Errors in Current College Writing, or Ma and Pa Kettle Do Research (1988)

Robert J. Connors, Andrea A. Lunsford, Frequency of Formal Errors in Current College Writing, or Ma and Pa Kettle Do Research, College Composition and Communication, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp. 395-409
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Novel Water-soluble Indocyanine Dyes as Fluorescent Dyes for Proteins Detection (2011)

二新奇水溶性的 indocyanine 染料被综合。他们的化学结构被 1H NMR，红外， MS 和紫外力的技术证实。在不同溶剂的准备染料的吸收被测量。二染料展出了否定 solvatochromism，与吸收和排放最大值在的蓝移动(牛的浆液白朊) protonic 溶剂相对非 protonic 溶剂。处于免费状态和 BSA 的染料的荧光性质被调查。为 Dye2 的荧光紧张的重要改进面对 BSA 被观察。Dye2 能作为荧光灯被建议为在水的答案的 BSA 察觉的染料。
c9, t11, c15-CLNA and t9, t11, c15-CLNA from Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 Ameliorate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice (2020)

To investigate the specific functions of conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) produced by the probiotic bacterium, α-linolenic acid was isomerized by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> ZS2058, and two different conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers were successfully isolated: c9, t11, c15-CLNA (CLNA1) and t9, t11, c15-CLNA (CLNA2). The effects and mechanism of CLNA crude extract and individual isomers on colitis were explored. CLNA significantly inhibited weight loss, the disease activity index, and colon shortening. Additionally, CLNA alleviated histological damage, protected colonic mucus layer integrity, and significantly upregulated the concentration of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, E-cadherin 1, and claudin-3). CLNA significantly attenuated the level of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) while upregulating the expression of the colonic anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and nuclear receptor peroxisome-activated receptor-γ. Moreover, CLNA increased the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes (SOD, GSH, and CAT), and the myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased by CLNA. Meanwhile, the concentrations of CLNA in the liver and conjugated linoleic acid in the colonic content were significantly increased because of the treatment of CLNA. Furthermore, CLNA could rebalance the intestinal microbial composition of colitis mice, including increasing the α-diversity. CLNA1 and CLNA2 increased the abundance of <i>Ruminococcus</i> and <i>Prevotella</i>, respectively.
A novel architecture of an optical cross-connect based on tuneable fibre bragg gratings and optical circulators (2002)

Optical networks have evolved to sustain the growing need for bandwidth in communication networks. Wavelength switched networks using Dense WavelengthDivision Multiplexing (DWDM), are a solution to this problem. Development of these networks demands the use of Optical Cross-connects (OXCs), optical devices that are able to control the communications channels and route them correctly. In this paper, a novel switching architecture based on thermally tuneable Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) and optical circulators (OC) is demonstrated.
Associative query answering via query feature similarity (2002)

Associative query answering provides additional relevant information to the queries that is not explicitly asked, but is of interest to the user. For a given query, associative information may be derived from past user query cases based on the user type and the query context. A case-based reasoning approach that matches query features is proposed. The query feature consists of the query topic, the output attribute list, and the selection constraints. The similarity of the query feature is defined and can be evaluated from the semantic model that is derived from the database schema. Query feature based associative attribute search is presented.
Synthesis, Stability and State of Boron in Boron-Substituted MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves (1996)

The boron-substituted MCM-41 was hydrothermally synthesized using Na2B4O7 and H3BO3 as boron sources. The influence of the nature of the boron source on the textural properties as well as the stability of MCM-41 structure and the state of boron upon different procedures such as NH3 treatment, ion-exchange, and calcination were investigated using XRD, FTIR, TEM, and 11B MAS-NMR techniques. Na2B4O7 has proven its ability to improve uniform long-range ordering compared to the pure silica MCM-41 analogue. The order of the uniform hexagonal mesopores in the MCM-41 products obtained following the same synthesis conditions is B-MCM-41 prepared from Na2B4O7 > B-MCM-41 prepared from H3BO3 > pure silica MCM-41. The counterbalancing cations such as Na+ and NH4+ were found to be operative in stabilizing tetrahedral boron while H+ induces unstability. The ion-exchange procedures were found to be accompanied by a partial collapse of B-MCM-41 structure. The nature of counterbalancing cations was also found to play a role in deciding the state of boron and its stability during hydration/dehydration process.
Laguerre-Gaussian mode generation in a PPLN waveguide by the use of second-order nonlinear processes (2010)

We have generated a Laguerre-Gaussian mode which has optical angular momentum in a ridge-type periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide by the use of second-order nonlinear processes and local temperature control methods.
Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin binding to a putative cell surface receptor, heparan sulfate, studied by surface plasmon resonance (2001)

The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin or VacA toxin is a major virulence factor in H. pylori infection and type B gastritis. We predicted heparin/heparan sulfate (H/HS) binding properties of the 58-kDa subunit of VacA cytotoxin using bioinformatics tools and showed this by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor studies. Putative H/HS binding peptides were synthesized and binding to HS was shown by SPR in the absence or presence of trifluoroethanol. We found that a recombinant cytotoxin VacA polypeptide binds to surface-immobilized HS and propose that HS might be a receptor/co-receptor for H. pylori VacA cytotoxin.
Soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) in the serum and urine of renal carcinoma patients (2003)

Tumour-associated protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) has two major forms. One is a cell-associated, transmembrane protein seen on Western blots as a twin band of 54/58 kDa, expressed in gastric mucosa and in several types of cancer. The other is a soluble protein s-CA IX of 50/54 kDa, which is released into the culture medium or into the body fluids, most likely by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular part from transmembrane and intracellular sequences. While TC media of CA IX-positive tumour cell lines or short-term cultures of tumour explants contain a relatively high concentration of s-CA IX (20-50 ng ml(-1)), the level of this antigen in blood serum and urine of renal clear cell carcinoma patients is about 1000 x lower. The concentration of CA IX in the blood and in urine varies within wide limits and there is no obvious correlation with tumour size. After nephrectomy, s-CA IX is cleared from the blood within a few days. Only an extremely low concentration of CA IX was detectable in the sera and in urine of control individuals.
Time-reversed absorbing condition: application to inverse problems (2011)

The aim of this paper is to introduce time-reversed absorbing conditions in time-reversal methods. They enable one to 'recreate the past' without knowing the source which has emitted the signals that are back-propagated. We present two applications in inverse problems: the reduction of the size of the computational domain and the determination, from boundary measurements, of the location and volume of an unknown inclusion. The method does not rely on any a priori knowledge of the physical properties of the inclusion. Numerical tests with the wave and Helmholtz equations illustrate the efficiency of the method. This technique is fairly insensitive to noise in the data.
Clinical And Experimental Transcutaneous PCO2 Monitoring (1981)

Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) has been shown to be a clinically useful monitoring tool for adult and neonatal patients. Both heated and nonheated electrodes have been reported to correlate well with PaCO2 on neonates in the first few days of life. Only the heated PtcCO2 electrode (44°C), which responds much faster, has been found to correlate well with PaCO2 in adult patients, rw = 0.95. In all cases, the PtcCO2 value is larger (20 to 25 torr) than the PaCO2 value but they are linearly related. During severe shock, the 44°C, PtcCO2 electrode value rises with decreasing cardiac output (if the cardiac index is less than 1.5 L/minxM2) and does not correlate with PaCO2. Cooler PtcCO2 electrodes are more sensitive to decreasing flow but respond more slowly to changes in PaCO2.
A new ‘total’ activin B enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): development and validation for human samples (2009)

This fully validated ELISA for activin B offers a tremendous utility for measuring this protein in a variety of normal physiological processes and in various clinical pathologies.
Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on Si(111) mediated by thin overlayers of Au (1994)

High quality homoepitaxial growth of Si on Si(111) through an overlayer of Au is shown to occur at 450–500 °C, far below the temperature required for growth of Si of similar quality on bare Si(111). Films of unlimited thickness can be obtained with excellent crystalline quality, as revealed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry ion channeling measurements (χmin=2.2%). A distinct range of Au coverage (0.4–1.0 monolayer) results in the best quality epitaxy, with no measurable amount of Au trapped at either the interface or within the grown films. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals that in films grown with Au coverages below and above the optimum range, the predominant defects are twins on (111) planes and Au inclusions, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Annulation of Dichlorocyclobutanones with Sequential Ring Expansion. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust Position Control of Flexible Adaptive Structures With Embedded PZT Actuators (1998)

Abstract In this paper we present a hybrid Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Constant Amplitude Feedback Control (CAFC) architecture for a slewing flexible adaptive structure. The SMC controller is used to servo the adaptive structure and the CAFC is used to suppress vibrations of the flexible structure. In addition a traditional Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller was developed and tested. This system consists of 1) a single-axis servo DC motor and encoder for large angle slewing and 2) a graphite/epoxy composite structure with embedded strain sensors/actuators for active vibration suppression. The results of this study include the analytical development and numerical simulation verification. Minimum time maneuvers based on an equivalent rigid structure are used to slew the flexible active structure. Numerical simulation studies were performed to compare the SMC/CAFC controller with the LQR controller. A nonlinear optimization algorithm was used to determine optimal component weights for the LQR control weighting matrices Q and R. Both controllers were also compared to a passive SMC case to show benefits of using active vibration control. Several case studies are reviewed that involve minimizing tracking and residual tip deflection errors. The results showed a reduction in residual vibration for both cases studied. A final test was performed that investigated the robustness to parameter variations by increasing the tip mass. Both control architectures showed favorable results, but the LQR controller required larger control effort.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Luzopeptin C. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mixed-signal simulation of digitally controlled switching converters (2003)

In this paper we give an overview of tasks, models and mixed-signal simulation tools to support design of digitally controlled switching power supplies where the digital controller is implemented in a dedicated FPGA or ASIC. Mixed-signal simulation models of a digitally controlled switching converter based on Matlab/Simulink and HDL/Spice simulation tools are presented. The models are used in the design of a high-frequency digital controller integrated circuit for DC-DC switching converters. Simulation and experimental results are compared.
Subclass distribution of IgG antibodies to the rat oesophagus stratum corneum (so-called anti-keratin antibodies) in rheumatoid arthritis (1990)

Serum IgG, labelling the stratum corneum of the rat oesophagus epithelium, so-called anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) constitute the most specific marker for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we investigated 31 IgG AKA-positive rheumatoid sera and 21 control sera from patients with non-rheumatoid inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The serum level of IgG1,2,3 and 4 was determined by radial immunodiffusion and the subclass distribution of IgG AKA by a three-step semi-quantitative immunofluorescence assay using standard monoclonal antibodies specific for each of the four human IgG subclasses. In the rheumatoid sera, the serum level of IgG1 was found to be significantly increased and the level of IgG2 significantly decreased with regard to the control sera, while the levels of IgG3 and 4 as well as total IgG were in the normal range. IgG1,2,3, and 4 AKA were detected in 27 (87%), 6 (19%), 4 (13%) and 11 (35%) of the 31 rheumatoid sera, respectively, and were found to be independent of the clinical and biological indices of the disease. In spite of inter-individual heterogeneity, two predominant profiles were distinguished: IgG1 (alone) and IgG(1 + 4), which together represented 18 sera (58%). The large predominance of IgG1 AKA and the quasi-absence of IgG2 AKA suggest that the recognized antigen may be partly comprised of protein. Moreover, the high frequency of occurrence of IgG4 AKA might result from chronic exposure to the eliciting antigen, which could be a genuine autoantigen since we demonstrated that it is also present in the stratum corneum of human epidermis.
A Learning Approach Towards Detection and Tracking of Lane Markings (2012)

Road scene analysis is a challenging problem that has applications in autonomous navigation of vehicles. An integral component of this system is the robust detection and tracking of lane markings. It is a hard problem primarily due to large appearance variations in lane markings caused by factors such as occlusion (traffic on the road), shadows (from objects like trees), and changing lighting conditions of the scene (transition from day to night). In this paper, we address these issues through a learning-based approach using visual inputs from a camera mounted in front of a vehicle. We propose the following: 1) a pixel-hierarchy feature descriptor to model the contextual information shared by lane markings with the surrounding road region; 2) a robust boosting algorithm to select relevant contextual features for detecting lane markings; and 3) particle filters to track the lane markings, without knowledge of vehicle speed, by assuming the lane markings to be static through the video sequence and then learning the possible road scene variations from the statistics of tracked model parameters. We investigate the effectiveness of our algorithm on challenging daylight and night-time road video sequences.
An adaptive hierarchical clustering approach for relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval systems (2011)

This paper proposes a new, fast approach for relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval systems. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the use of the set of primarily retrieved images instead of performing another query. The images are hierarchically clustered with respect to the positive/ negative examples provided by the user, in a continuous manner, as the user successively browses through new sets of retrieved images. The proposed aggregative hierarchical clustering relevance feedback embeds an automatic, adaptive stopping criterion. The paper further investigates the effect of the inter-cluster dissimilarity metric (minimum distance, maximum distance, centroid distance and medium distance) on the image retrieval performance for various image databases.
Electrical Design Considerations for Drilling Rigs (1976)

The following considerations in the selection and design of electrical apparatus for oil and gas well drilling rigs are discussed: 1) general rig environment and geographical environmental effects; 2) selection and/or verification of drilling motor torque requirements for draw works, rotary table, and pumps; 3) four quadrant (speed-torque) analysis for draw works and rotary table; 4) merits of application of three types of adjustable speed drives (Ward-Leonard, thyristor type dc converters and adjustable frequency inverters); and 5) general power distribution considerations such as generating capacity, voltage selection, fault calculations, system grounding, voltage and frequency dip, power factor, and harmonic currents.