gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mental health progress requires causal diagnostic nosology and scalable causal discovery (2022)

Nine hundred and seventy million individuals across the globe are estimated to carry the burden of a mental disorder. Limited progress has been achieved in alleviating this burden over decades of effort, compared to progress achieved for many other medical disorders. Progress on outcome improvement for all medical disorders, including mental disorders, requires research capable of discovering causality at sufficient scale and speed, and a diagnostic nosology capable of encoding the causal knowledge that is discovered. Accordingly, the field's guiding paradigm limits progress by maintaining: (a) a diagnostic nosology (DSM-5) with a profound lack of causality; (b) a misalignment between mental health etiologic research and nosology; (c) an over-reliance on clinical trials beyond their capabilities; and (d) a limited adoption of newer methods capable of discovering the complex etiology of mental disorders. We detail feasible directions forward, to achieve greater levels of progress on improving outcomes for mental disorders, by: (a) the discovery of knowledge on the complex etiology of mental disorders with application of Causal Data Science methods; and (b) the encoding of the etiological knowledge that is discovered within a causal diagnostic system for mental disorders.
Androgen/androgen receptor axis maintains and promotes cancer cell stemness through direct activation of Nanog transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and malignant cancers. The HCC incidence gets a strong sexual dimorphism as men are the major sufferers in this disaster. Although several studies have uncovered the presentative correlation between the axis of androgen/androgen receptor (AR) and HCC incidence, the mechanism is still largely unknown. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subgroup of cancer cells contributing to multiple tumors malignant behaviors, which play an important role in oncogenesis of various cancers including HCC. However, whether androgen/AR axis involves in regulation of HCC cells stemness remains unclear. Our previous study had identified that the pluripotency factor Nanog is not only a stemness biomarker, but also a potent regulator of CSCs in HCC. In this study, we revealed androgen/AR axis can promote HCC cells stemness by transcriptional activation of Nanog expression through directly binding to its promoter. In HCC tissues, we found that AR expression was abnormal high and got correlation with Nanog. Then, by labeling cellular endogenous Nanog with green fluorescent protein (GFP) through CRISPR/Cas9 system, it verified the co-localization of AR and Nanog in HCC cells. With in vitro experiments, we demonstrated the axis can promote HCC cells stemness, which effect is in a Nanog-dependent manner and through activating its transcription. And the xenografted tumor experiments confirmed the axis effect on tumorigenesis facilitation in vivo. Above all, we revealed a new sight of androgen/AR axis roles in HCC and provided a potential way for suppressing the axis in HCC therapy.
Study on Control of Nongeometrical Error in Precision Machining (1st Report) (1990)

The objective of this study is to identify the dimensional machining error due to recovery of local elastic deformation of work material at the tool-work contact point and to clarify the parameters to influence upon the elastic deformation, experimentally and theoretically. By applying linear regression analysis to the relation between given depth of cut and actual depth of cut such a very small quantity as elastic deformation of work material at the tool-work contact point can be quantified. In machining aluminum, delrin, nylon 66 and polystyrene, the error due to local elastic deformation of work material is an order of micronmeter, which is serious for high-precision machining. The smaller the elastic constant of work material, the larger the error is, this being verified also theoretically. Also, the experiments have disclosed that the dimensional error due to local elastic deformation of work material increases in proportion to the radius of cutting edge roundness, this being verified theoretically, too.
Fatigue Life of Flexible Pipe Armour Wires in Air, Deaerated Seawater, and Sour Environment (2015)

Abstract A flexible pipe consists of multiple unbonded layers. The annulus, between inner liner and outer sheath, consists primarily of pressure and tensile armour wires. These wires are made of carbon steel, which are cold rolled to pre-determined dimensions. The fatigue life of the whole pipe is to a large extent determined by the fatigue life of the tensile armour wires. Fatigue testing has been done by dynamic, deflection-controlled, 4-point-bending, which is a reliable method to generate S-N curves where a multitude of wire samples over several stress ranges are tested. Tests have been done in different environments: air, deaerated synthetic seawater, and sour environment simulating annulus environments under different operating conditions. Comparative tests of different armour wires in these environments form a foundation to discuss fatigue life in simulated annulus environments. For two different grades of armour wires, it is shown that fatigue life varies when comparing air, deaerated artificial seawater, and sour (H2S) environments. The longest fatigue life is obtained in air followed by deaerated seawater with the sour environment having the lowest fatigue life. A method that qualitatively and quantitatively compares fatigue life at 100 MPa stress range is presented and comparative data given. It is shown that for two different suppliers of the same grade of steel, the fatigue life is similar within each environment, air, deaerated synthetic seawater, and sour environment.
The Association between Medical Costs and Participation in the Vitality Health Promotion Program among 948,974 Members of a South African Health Insurance Company (2010)

Engagement in an incentive-based wellness program, offered by a health insurer, was associated with lower health care costs.
Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Truncated but Functional Isoforms of the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 5 Differentially Present in Pituitary Tumors (2009)

Our results demonstrate the existence of two previously unidentified sst5 spliced variants with distinct distribution in normal tissues and pituitary tumors, unique ligand-selective signaling properties, and subcellular distribution, which could contribute to somatostatin and cortistatin signaling in normal and tumoral cells.
A practical and adaptive framework for super-resolution (2008)

In this paper a novel practical and adaptive framework for super-resolution is proposed. Existing super-resolution algorithms are limited by several assumptions, fit different imaging environments; hence they may fail when facing real complex scenes. We propose to divide the target image into adaptive-sized blocks, and apply different conventional algorithms to different parts of the image with different characteristics. The proposed framework is of high extensibility and generality; various super-resolution and single frame im age enhancement technologies can be adaptively assembled to improve the robustness and result quality of SR operation. Experiments with real-life video indicate encouraging improvements.
Alterations in expression of p56lck during myeloid differentiation of LSTRA cells. (1994)

The src-related tyrosine kinase p56lck is overexpressed in the mouse leukemia cell line LSTRA. Although p56lck is thought to be a specific T-cell marker, we found that LSTRA cells can be induced to differentiate towards macrophages or granulocytes by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or the cyclic nucleotide analogue, dibutyryl cAMP, respectively. Treatment of LSTRA cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate resulted in marked alterations in morphology including increased size, adherence, and spreading on culture dishes. These cells also ceased proliferating, accumulated in G0-G1 and expressed nonspecific esterase activity. In contrast, although LSTRA cells treated with dibutyryl cAMP stopped growing and accumulated in G0-G1, these cells expressed functionally active chemotactic peptide receptors and became irregular and granular in appearance. Differentiation of LSTRA cells was also found to be associated with altered expression of p56lck. Thus, while 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment caused the cells to produce higher molecular weight forms of p56lck, dibutyryl cAMP treatment resulted in increased expression of total p56lck mRNA as well as the more mature type II p56lck mRNA transcript. There were no major alterations in p56lck kinase activity in vitro following differentiation. Phospholipase C gamma and p21rasGAP, two putative substrates for the tyrosine kinase activity of p56lck, were found to be constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine in LSTRA cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of these substrates was not altered following differentiation. These results indicate that LSTRA cells are relatively early precursors that have the capacity to develop along the myeloid differentiation pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Towards Lateral Flow Quantitative Assays: Detection Approaches (2019)

Point-of-care (POC) or bedside analysis is a global trend in modern diagnostics. Progress in POC testing has largely been provided by advanced manufacturing technology for lateral flow (immunochromatographic) test strips. They are widely used to rapidly and easily control a variety of biomarkers of infectious diseases and metabolic and functional disorders, as well as in consumer protection and environmental monitoring. However, traditional lateral flow tests rely on visual assessment and qualitative conclusion, which limit the objectivity and information output of the assays. Therefore, there is a need for approaches that retain the advantages of lateral flow assays and provide reliable quantitative information about the content of a target compound in a sample mixture. This review describes the main options for detecting, processing, and interpreting immunochromatographic analysis results. The possibilities of modern portable detectors that register colored, fluorescent, magnetic, and conductive labels are discussed. Prospects for further development in this direction are also examined.
Abstract 4813: Aberrant promoter methylation of TMS1 gene in patients with colorectal carcinoma in Saudi Arabia (2011)

Abstract Gene silencing associated with aberrant methylation of promoter region CpG islands is an acquired epigenetic alteration. It serves as an alternative to genetic defects in the inactivation of tumor suppressor and other genes in human cancers. Several genes have been shown to be epigenetically inactivated in a wide range of tumors. TMS1 is a tumor suppressor gene which encodes for a CARD (caspase recruitment domain) containing regulatory protein and has been shown to be hyper-methylated in various cancers. Therefore, we studied the methylation status of TMS1 using a panel of colorectal cell lines and 15 CRC cases. Methylation status of the promoter region of TMS1 gene was determined using methylation specific PCR in colorectal cancer cell lines. Seven out of 13 colorectal cell lines showed to be methylated for TMS1 gene (54%). Initial analyses with 15 clinical colorectal cases demonstrated 53% methylation. Real time PCR and western bolt analysis was employed to assess the expression levels. 5-AZA-2′-deoxycytidine was used to demethylate colorectal cancer cell lines. Four out of 7 methylated colorectal cell lines were completely methylated and 3 out of 7 showed partial methylation for TMS1 gene resulting in loss of TMS1 expression. Treating methylated colorectal cell lines with the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2’ deoxycytidine alone resulted in partial demethylation and re-expression of TMS1 gene, suggesting the role of methylation in silencing the gene. TMS1 gene has shown tumor suppressive effects after demethylation in thyroid cancer cell. Additionally the oncogenic role of TMS1 has been demonstrated in different cancers. We will further evaluate the role of TMS1 gene after demethylation for apoptosis. After demethylation of TMS1 gene with 5-aza-2’ deoxycytidine we will treat our colorectal cancer cell lines with increasing doses of TRAIL and will evaluate its response by Annexin/PI dual staining and western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that TMSI gene is methylated in colorectal cancer cells and repression of methylation by 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored the expression of TMS1 gene. In conclusion, methylation of TMS1 may prove to be a useful prognostic marker and/or predictor of patient survival in colorectal and can be utilized for targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4813. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4813
Hybrid system modeling and supervisory control of a microgrid (2016)

A new approach to designing a microgrid supervisory controller based on a hybrid automaton is described. A microgrid is defined as a small-scale local grid, comprised of various distributed energy resources (DERs), loads, and energy storage systems. Due to the intermittency of renewable generation, microgrid controllers play a vital role maintaining microgrid stability and integrity in case of an energy shortage (surplus) or when subjected to any disturbances. These controllers should be designed to provide proper control of voltage and frequency. Supervisory controllers are high level control systems that perform optimization, faults detection, protection, and energy management based on their observation from the microgrid. Supervisory controllers define set points to the local controllers for DERs and loads. In this paper, the joint continuous and discrete behavior of the supervisory controller is addressed using a hybrid controller. A complete model of the hybrid automaton (HA) is formalized and tested through one case study of a microgrid using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. According to the results, the controller can thoroughly manage the load flow within and outside the microgrid.
Simplifying PKI usage through a client-server architecture and dynamic propagation of certificate paths and repository addresses (2002)

PKI deployment and use has not met its expectations. One reason that PKIX has not been fully accepted is due to the complexity of the system. Any application wishing to use PKI must implement complicated logic for certificate parsing, certificate path building and policy management. Certificate path building, in particular, is further complicated by the non-standardized method of certificate discovery and retrieval. Thus, many applications do not utilize or cannot utilize public key technology. We propose a new PKI server which offers access to PKI services and only requires a simple client API and a small client library that enables even resource-limited clients to be supported. This can greatly reduce application development time and complexity and allow PKI usage to propagate into more applications. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of a PKI server-to-server protocol which allows knowledge of certificate repositories and certificate paths to be shared among different PKI Servers. This technique will simplify the task of certificate retrieval and path building for individual PKI Servers.
B-1a B Cells that Link the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Are Lacking in the Absence of the Spleen (2002)

Splenectomized individuals are prone to overwhelming infections with encapsulated bacteria and splenectomy of mice increases susceptibility to streptococcal infections, yet the exact mechanism by which the spleen protects against such infections is unknown. Using congenitally asplenic mice as a model, we show that the spleen is essential for the generation of B-1a cells, a B cell population that cooperates with the innate immune system to control early bacterial and viral growth. Splenectomy of wild-type mice further demonstrated that the spleen is also important for the survival of B-1a cells. Transfer experiments demonstrate that lack of these cells, as opposed to the absence of the spleen per se, is associated with an inability to mount a rapid immune response against streptococcal polysaccharides. Thus, absence of the spleen and the associated increased susceptibility to streptococcal infections is correlated with lack of B-1a B cells. These findings reveal a hitherto unknown role of the spleen in generating and maintaining the B-1a B cell pool.
Electronics as material (2009)

As the democratization of electronics gains more momentum, we are interested in thinking of electronics as material that can be combined with other traditional ones such as paper, cardboard and screws. littleBits is an opensource library of discrete electronic components pre-assembled in tiny circuit boards. By creating simple, intuitive, space-sensitive blocks we attempt to make prototyping with sophisticated electronics a matter of snapping small magnets together. With a growing number of available modules, littleBits aims to move electronics from late stages of the design process to its earliest ones, and from the hands of experts, to those of artists, makers and designers.
Extending Trauma Quality Improvement Beyond Trauma Centers (2021)

Wide variation in trauma outcomes exists across nontrauma hospitals. Efforts to improve trauma quality should include engagement of nontrauma hospitals to reduce variation in outcomes of injured patients treated at those facilities.
Synthesis and reactivity of palladium phosphine complex [cyclic] [tert-Bu2P(CH2)2CH(CH2)2PBu-tert2]PdX (X = Cl, Me, H, BF4) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactivity of palladium phosphine complex [cyclic] [tert-Bu2P(CH2)2CH(CH2)2PBu-tert2]PdX (X = Cl, Me, H, BF4)Allen L. Seligson and William C. TroglerCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 3, 738–743Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00027a025https://doi.org/10.1021/om00027a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ion Beam Implantation for Nanofabrication and Modification. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Dendritic Morphology Affects the Velocity and Amplitude of Back-propagating Action Potentials (2022)

The back-propagating action potential (bpAP) is crucial for neuronal signal integration and synaptic plasticity in dendritic trees. Its properties (velocity and amplitude) can be affected by dendritic morphology. Due to limited spatial resolution, it has been difficult to explore the specific propagation process of bpAPs along dendrites and examine the influence of dendritic morphology, such as the dendrite diameter and branching pattern, using patch-clamp recording. By taking advantage of Optopatch, an all-optical electrophysiological method, we made detailed recordings of the real-time propagation of bpAPs in dendritic trees. We found that the velocity of bpAPs was not uniform in a single dendrite, and the bpAP velocity differed among distinct dendrites of the same neuron. The velocity of a bpAP was positively correlated with the diameter of the dendrite on which it propagated. In addition, when bpAPs passed through a dendritic branch point, their velocity decreased significantly. Similar to velocity, the amplitude of bpAPs was also positively correlated with dendritic diameter, and the attenuation patterns of bpAPs differed among different dendrites. Simulation results from neuron models with different dendritic morphology corresponded well with the experimental results. These findings indicate that the dendritic diameter and branching pattern significantly influence the properties of bpAPs. The diversity among the bpAPs recorded in different neurons was mainly due to differences in dendritic morphology. These results may inspire the construction of neuronal models to predict the propagation of bpAPs in dendrites with enormous variation in morphology, to further illuminate the role of bpAPs in neuronal communication.
Recombinant Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite surface protein allelic variants: antibody recognition by individuals from three communities in the Brazilian Amazon (2020)

Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) variants of P. vivax, besides having variations in the protein repetitive portion, can differ from each other in aspects such as geographical distribution, intensity of transmission, vectorial competence and immune response. Such aspects must be considered to P. vivax vaccine development. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity of novel recombinant proteins corresponding to each of the three P. vivax allelic variants (VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like) and of the C-terminal region (shared by all PvCSP variants) in naturally malaria-exposed populations of Brazilian Amazon. Our results demonstrated that PvCSP-VK210 was the major target of humoral immune response in studied population, presenting higher frequency and magnitude of IgG response. The IgG subclass profile showed a prevalence of cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3), that seem to have an essential role in protective immune response. Differently of PvCSP allelic variants, antibodies elicited against C-terminal region of protein did not correlate with epidemiological parameters, bringing additional evidence that humoral response against this protein region is not essential to protective immunity. Taken together, these findings increase the knowledge on serological response to distinct PvCSP allelic variants and may contribute to the development of a global and effective P. vivax vaccine.