gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zur Auslegung von Apparaten der Flüssig/Flüssig‐Extraktion (1975)

Abstract Trotz der großen Bedeutung, die die Flüssig/Flüssig‐Extraktion in vielen technischen Anwendungen bereits seit längerer Zeit besitzt, ist die Dimensionierung von Extraktionsapparaten immer noch ein im wesentlichen ungelöstes Problem. Denn Strömung, Grenzflächenerscheinungen, Stoffübergang und Apparatekonstruktion sind in außerordentlich verwickelter Weise miteinander verknüpft, so daß die bisherige wissenschaftliche Grundlagenarbeit nur Teilaspekte des Gesamtproblems erfaßt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll eine kritische Sichtung und zusammenfassende Darstellung der ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Kenntnisse über die Strömung und den Stoffaustausch in den wichtigsten Extraktionsapparaten unter Berücksichtigung der Grenzflächenphänomene versucht werden, selbst wenn dieses Wissen gegenwärtig noch nicht den in der Praxis gängigen Weg der Dimensionierung von Extraktionsapparaten ablösen kann. Für die weitere Zukunft ist eine enge Kooperation zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis geboten, wenn die kostenaufwendige Extraktionsforschung zu wirklichen Erfolgen führen soll.
PARALLEL EVOLUTION AND VICARIANCE IN THE GUPPY (POECILIA RETICULATA) OVER MULTIPLE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES (2006)

Well-studied model systems present ideal opportunities to understand the relative roles of contemporary selection versus historical processes in determining population differentiation and speciation. Although guppy populations in Trinidad have been a model for studies of evolutionary ecology and sexual selection for more than 50 years, this work has been conducted with little understanding of the phylogenetic history of this species. We used variation in nuclear (X-src) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences to examine the phylogeographic history of Poecilia reticulata Peters (the guppy) across its entire natural range, and to test whether patterns of morphological divergence are a consequence of parallel evolution. Phylogenetic, nested clade, population genetic, and demographic analyses were conducted to investigate patterns of genetic structure at several temporal scales and are discussed in relation to vicariant events, such as tectonic activity and glacial cycles, shaping northeast South American river drainages. The mtDNA phylogeny defined five major lineages, each associated with one or more river drainages, and analysis of molecular variance also detected geographic structuring among these river drainages in an evolutionarily conserved nuclear (X-src) locus. Nested clade and other demographic analyses suggest that the eastern Venezuela/ western Trinidad region is likely the center of origin of P. reticulata. Mantel tests show that the divergence of morphological characters, known to differentiate on a local scale in response to natural and sexual selection pressures, is not associated with mtDNA genetic distance; however, TreeScan analysis identified several significant associations of these characters with the haplotype tree. Parallel upstream/downstream patterns of morphological adaptation in response to selection pressures reported in P. reticulata within Trinidad rivers appears to persist across the natural range. Our results together with previous studies suggest that, although morphological variation in P. reticulata is primarily attributed to selection, phylogeographic history may also play a role.
Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir and Oseltamivir Carboxylate in Critically I ll Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis and/or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2012)

Although the optimal pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets for oseltamivir carboxylate remain unclear, in the patients receiving CVVHD with or without ECMO, a regimen of oseltamivir 150 mg every 12 hours yielded a median oseltamivir carboxylate AUC(0-12) considerably higher than would be expected in non-critically ill patients receiving the same dosage regimen.
A programmable image processing system using FPGA (2002)

Real-time image processing usually requires enormous throughput rate and huge amount of operations. Parallel processing in form of specialized hardware or multiprocessing are therefore indispensable. This paper describes a flexible programmable image processing system using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The logic cell nature of current available FPGA is most suitable for performing real-time bit-level image processing operations using bit-level systolic concept. Here, we proposed a flexible architecture, PIPS, for the integration of these programmable hardware and digital signal processors (DSP) to handle bit-level as well as arithmetic operations found in many image processing applications. The versatility of the system is demonstrated for the implementation of a 1D median filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical coherence elastography reveals the changes in cardiac tissue biomechanical properties after myocardial infarction in a mouse model (2019)

A leading cause of death and decrease in the quality of life in the USA is myocardial infarction (MI). Molecular and genetic analyses have revealed a plethora of information about critical processes involved with MI. However, there is a lack of accompanying information about cardiac tissue biomechanical properties, which may provide additional critical information to understand the tissue remodeling process after MI. In this work, we utilize two complementary noncontact optical coherence elastography (OCE) techniques to assess the changes in mouse cardiac tissue biomechanical properties 6 weeks after the MI was induced. A focused micro air-pulse induced localized displacements, which were detected by a phase-sensitive OCE (PhS-OCE) system. The localized tissue displacement was modeled by a spring-mass damper model to quantify the tissue stiffness. Additionally, the propagation of an air-pulse induced elastic wave was measured at various meridional angles as a complementary measurement of tissue stiffness and anisotropy. The damping results show that the MI caused a decrease in the stiffness of the cardiac tissue. Similarly, the analysis of elastic wave propagation showed that the cardiac tissue became softer and more isotropic after MI. These results show that OCE can detect the changes in cardiac tissue biomechanical properties after MI. OCE may also be useful for developing targeted therapies by identifying regions of cardiac tissue affected by MI.
Autonomously Generating Hints by Inferring Problem Solving Policies (2015)

Exploring the whole sequence of steps a student takes to produce work, and the patterns that emerge from thousands of such sequences is fertile ground for a richer understanding of learning. In this paper we autonomously generate hints for the Code.org `Hour of Code,' (which is to the best of our knowledge the largest online course to date) using historical student data. We first develop a family of algorithms that can predict the way an expert teacher would encourage a student to make forward progress. Such predictions can form the basis for effective hint generation systems. The algorithms are more accurate than current state-of-the-art methods at recreating expert suggestions, are easy to implement and scale well. We then show that the same framework which motivated the hint generating algorithms suggests a sequence-based statistic that can be measured for each learner. We discover that this statistic is highly predictive of a student's future success.
Nitroxyl increases force development in rat cardiac muscle (2007)

Donors of nitroxyl (HNO), the reduced congener of nitric oxide (NO), exert positive cardiac inotropy/lusitropy in vivo and in vitro, due in part to their enhancement of Ca(2+) cycling into and out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Here we tested whether the cardiac action of HNO further involves changes in myofilament-calcium interaction. Intact rat trabeculae from the right ventricle were mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm, superfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (pH 7.4, room temperature) and loaded iontophoretically with fura-2 to determine [Ca(2+)](i). Sarcomere length was set at 2.2-2.3 microm. HNO donated by Angeli's salt (AS; Na(2)N(2)O(3)) dose-dependently increased both twitch force and [Ca(2+)](i) transients (from 50 to 1000 microm). Force increased more than [Ca(2+)](i) transients, especially at higher doses (332 +/- 33% versus 221 +/- 27%, P < 0.01 at 1000 microm). AS/HNO (250 microm) increased developed force without changing Ca(2+) transients at any given [Ca(2+)](o) (0.5-2.0 mm). During steady-state activation, AS/HNO (250 microm) increased maximal Ca(2+)-activated force (F(max), 106.8 +/- 4.3 versus 86.7 +/- 4.2 mN mm(-2), n = 7-8, P < 0.01) without affecting Ca(2+) required for 50% activation (Ca(50), 0.44 +/- 0.04 versus 0.52 +/- 0.04 microm, not significant) or the Hill coefficient (4.75 +/- 0.67 versus 5.02 +/- 1.1, not significant). AS/HNO did not alter myofibrillar Mg-ATPase activity, supporting an effect on the myofilaments themselves. The thiol reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT, 5.0 mm) both prevented and reversed HNO action, confirming AS/HNO redox sensitivity. Lastly, NO (from DEA/NO) did not mimic AS/HNO cardiac effects. Thus, in addition to reported changes in Ca(2+) cycling, HNO also acts as a cardiac Ca(2+) sensitizer, augmenting maximal force without altering actomyosin ATPase activity. This is likely to be due to modulation of myofilament proteins that harbour reactive thiolate groups that are targets of HNO.
Down link diversity for GSM-EDGE (2003)

As building of the third generation cellular networks has begun the operators are deploying new hardware and doing a major revision of their network plans. This gives an excellent opportunity to introduce new system enhancements and many have been proposed in various standardization bodies working on the 3G systems. Some of the enhancements would require new technical solutions at the terminal side, while some can be introduced without any standardization work. This paper discusses such downlink enhancement schemes for GSM/EDGE systems that do not require any changes at the mobile end and thus benefit both the users of the new 3G services as well as the large customer base continuing to use the services available today.
Quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons using metamaterials (2018)

Metamaterials constructed from deep subwavelength building blocks have been used to demonstrate phenomena ranging from negative refractive index and ε-near-zero to cloaking, emulations of general relativity, and superresolution imaging. More recently, metamaterials have been suggested as a new platform for quantum optics. We present the use of a dielectric metasurface to generate entanglement between the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons. We demonstrate the generation of the four Bell states on a single photon by using the geometric phase that arises from the photonic spin-orbit interaction and subsequently show nonlocal correlations between two photons that interacted with the metasurface. Our results show that metamaterials are suitable for the generation and manipulation of entangled photon states, introducing the area of quantum optics metamaterials.
A MIMO demonstration of Hydra (2007)

The evaluation of cross-layer protocols for wireless networking requires analysis, simulation, and experimentation. The final step in this process is often overlooked, but is equally important. Prototyping and experimentation with testbeds not only provides a mechanism for evaluating the performance of wireless networks, but also provide keen insight into the design of new wireless protocols. Hydra, a flexible wireless network testbed developed at UT Austin, was designed to investigate cross-layer issues in wireless protocol design. In this paper, we propose a demonstration of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) functionality of Hydra. We will investigate rate and spatial mode adaptation using this MIMO system.
Evolution of structure in the softening/melting regime of miscible polymer mixing (2001)

Abstract Structure development in the softening/melting processing regime is investigated using the model miscible blend poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Feed materials of four different particle sizes are compounded to study their effects upon structure development. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy is used to help determine the normalized sample variance, a quantitative measure of mixing. The normalized sample variance is determined both as a function of sample size and as a function of feed particle size in an effort to assess the characteristic size scale(s) present in the blend at short mixing times. Results of these experiments indicate that the distribution of size scales in the softening regime is at least bimodal. Optical examination of pigmented mixtures reveals that this multimodality is due to the operation of the Scott/Macosko sheeting mechanism of morphology development, which was previously shown to be active in immiscible blends. This is contrary to the currently accepted laminar mixing model, which postulates the formation of a striated mixture while ignoring the softening/melting regime.
Supplementary Tables from Nuclear Localized LSR: A Novel Regulator of Breast Cancer Behavior and Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Mutations in LSR from Human Cancer Samples. Supplementary Table 2. Potential post-translational modification sites of LSR transcript variants.&lt;/p&gt;
Ultralow Interface State Density Achieved by Light-Induced Anodization of Aluminum on Silicon Solar Cell Surfaces (2015)

A light-induced anodization (LIA) method, which uses the light-induced current of a silicon solar cell to anodize aluminum and form an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) layer that can reduce recombination at a p-type surface of the cell, is reported. This method can result in anodic oxides with uniform properties over the surfaces of industrially sized silicon wafers since the current flows through the wafer rather than in the surface aluminum layer, as it does when the aluminum is directly electrically contacted. Uniform AAO layers can be formed within 4 min on p-type silicon surfaces by anodizing 300-nm-thick aluminum layers, and when formed over a thin interfacial silicon dioxide layer, the interface state density at the p-type silicon wafer interface can be reduced to values as low as 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ·eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and a fixed charge density of 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Photoconductance carrier lifetime measurements indicate that these AAO dielectric stack layers are capable of passivating silicon surfaces to a level similar to that provided by silicon nitride layers, which are deposited using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, although at potentially a much-reduced cost. The high-quality surface passivation, rapid room temperature processing, and large-area uniformity of LIA make it a promising method for producing passivation materials that can further improve efficiency and potentially reduce the cost of photovoltaic solar cells and other p-n junction devices.
Mean-field game-theoretic edge caching (2021)

Book DOI: 10.1049/PBTE096E Chapter DOI: 10.1049/PBTE096E_ch17 ISBN: 9781839531224 e-ISBN: 9781839531231 Preview this chapter: Mean-field game-theoretic edge caching, Page 1 of 2 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/books/te/pbte096e/PBTE096E_ch17-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/books/te/pbte096e/PBTE096E_ch17-2.gif
Complement‐dependent lysis of cultured rat myotubes by myasthenic immunoglobulins (1985)

We used cultured myotubes to demonstrate complement-dependent lysis of muscle membranes by serum from patients with myasthenia gravis. Lysis was monitored by light microscopy and release of incorporated [86Rb]. In the presence of guinea pig complement (GPC), 18 of 37 heat-inactivated myasthenic sera (49%), but none of 16 controls, caused morphologically detectable myotube lysis. Ten of 19 myasthenic sera (53%) increased [86Rb]-release compared with 10 controls. Immunoglobulin fractions retained the complement-dependent lytic activity. Inactivation of GPC prevented the lysis. [86Rb]-release appeared to correlate with clinical severity. The complement-dependent lysis resulted in a decrease in the number of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in myotubes, and AChR-immunoglobulin complexes were found in the medium of lysed cultures. The data suggest that cultured myotubes can be used to document complement-dependent antibody reactions in the pathogenesis of myasthenia.
Relationship between the hepatitis C viral load and the serum interferon concentration during the first week of peginterferon‐alpha‐2b‐ribavirin combination therapy (2010)

In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, the current standard of care (combination therapy with pegylated alpha interferon (PEG-IFNalpha) and ribavirin) is only effective in around 50% of cases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the HCV load and the PEG-IFN concentration during the first week of treatment. Fifteen treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) underwent PEG-IFNα-2b/ribavirin combination therapy. Blood samples were collected before the first injection (T(0)) and then at different time points until the next injection a week later. The PEG-IFN concentration and the HCV load were assayed. The serum interferon concentration peaked 2 days after the first injection (mean value for the study population; T(max) = 40.9 hr; C(max) = 490 pg/ml) and a trough in viral load was seen at day 3. The PEG-IFNalpha-2b concentration decreased from day 2 to day 7, enabling a viral rebound in all patients. The change in viral load between day 0 and day 3 differed significantly according to whether the patients were responders at week 12 (Deltalog d(0)/d(3) = 2.729 +/- 1.419 log(10) IU/ml) or not (Deltalog d(0)/d(3) = 1.102 +/- 0.472 log(10) IU/ml). Our results emphasize the potential clinical importance of achieving viral decay immediately after initiation of interferon-ribavirin combination therapy. J. Med. Virol. 82:1640-1646, 2010. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Clinical verification of plasma messenger RNA as novel noninvasive biomarker identified through bioinformatics analysis for lung cancer (2017)

Lung cancer (LC) remains associated with significant mortality worldwide. The lack of reliable noninvasive biomarkers and targeted therapies contributes to poor survival rate. Herein, we initially took advantage of the public microarray data from Oncomine database to filter messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as potential biomarkers. Subsequently, clinical validation was applied to identify candidate noninvasive biomarkers in plasma from patients with LC. Through comprehensive analysis of transcriptional expression profiles across 12 studies, top 6 over- and underexpressed mRNAs were generated. Then, a pair of matched plasma samples from LC patient and normal control was detected by RT-PCR, and three genes with positive bands were selected for further validation. Finally, qPCR was conducted to further assess values of the three identified genes. We displayed with high confidence that two cell-free mRNAs (HJURP and ADAMTS8) were expressed at significantly levels compared to normal controls. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves on the diagnostic efficacy of plasma HJURP and ADAMTS8 mRNAs in LC diagnosis showed that the area under the ROC (AUC) was 0.6960 and 0.6877; sensitivity was 66.0% and 83.7%; specificity was 78.6% and 71.4%, respectively. Combined ROC analyses using these two biomarkers revealed an elevated AUC of 0.75. Furthermore, the higher HJURP level could be associated with early-stage LC while lower ADAMTS8 level could be correlated with non-small cell lung cancer. Collectively, circulating HJURP and ADAMTS8 mRNAs are promising noninvasive biomarkers for LC diagnosis. Our integrative strategy provides new insights into novel noninvasive biomarker identification for other types of cancer.
Highly Efficient Activation, Regeneration, and Active Site Identification of Oxide-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2016)

Supported metal oxide based olefin metathesis catalysts are widely used in the chemical industry. In comparison to their organometallic catalyst cousins, the oxide catalysts have much lower activity due to the very small fraction of active sites. We report that a simple pretreatment of MoO3/SiO2 and WO3/SiO2 under an olefin-containing atmosphere at elevated temperatures leads to a 100–1000-fold increase in the low-temperature propylene metathesis activity. The performance of these catalysts is comparable with those of the well-defined organometallic catalysts. Unprecedentedly, the catalyst can be easily regenerated by inert gas purging at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy, we provide strong evidence that the active sites for MoO3/SiO2 are derived from monomeric Mo(═O)2 dioxo species.
Host Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Potentiate Aminoglycoside Killing of Staphylococcus aureus (2022)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics rely on the proton motive force to enter the bacterial cell, and facultative anaerobes like Staphylococcus aureus can shift energy generation from respiration to fermentation, becoming tolerant of aminoglycosides. Following this metabolic shift, high concentrations of aminoglycosides are required to eradicate S. aureus infections, which endangers the host due to the toxicity of aminoglycosides. Membrane-disrupting molecules prevent aminoglycoside tolerance in S. aureus by facilitating passive entry of the drug through the membrane. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increase membrane permeability when incorporated into S. aureus. Here, we report that the abundant host-derived PUFA arachidonic acid increases the susceptibility of S. aureus to aminoglycosides, decreasing the aminoglycoside concentration needed to kill S. aureus. We demonstrate that PUFAs and aminoglycosides synergize to kill multiple strains of S. aureus, including both methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus. We also present data showing that PUFAs and aminoglycosides effectively kill S. aureus small colony variants, strains that are particularly recalcitrant to killing by many antibiotics. We conclude that cotreatment with PUFAs, which are molecules with low host toxicity, and aminoglycosides decreases the aminoglycoside concentration necessary to kill S. aureus, lowering the toxic side effects to the host associated with prolonged aminoglycoside exposure. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Staphylococcus aureus infects every niche of the human host, and these infections are the leading cause of Gram-positive sepsis. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are inexpensive, stable, and effective against many bacterial infections. However, S. aureus can shift its metabolism to become tolerant of aminoglycosides, requiring increased concentrations and/or longer courses of treatment, which can cause severe host toxicity. Here, we report that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have low host toxicity, disrupt the S. aureus membrane, making the pathogen susceptible to aminoglycosides. Additionally, cotreatment with aminoglycosides is effective at killing S. aureus small colony variants, strains that are difficult to treat with antibiotics. Taken together, the data presented herein show the promise of PUFA cotreatment to increase the efficacy of aminoglycosides against S. aureus infections and decrease the risk to the human host of antibiotic-induced toxicity.