gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using surviving information in multiple access packet collisions (2003)

Packet segmentation which allows the recovery of partial information in the event of packet collisions on random-access channels is considered, and a systematic method for quantifying the performance analysis of such schemes is given. It is shown that the approach allows performance comparable to that of slotted schemes and offers the advantage that global timing is not required. This can be particularly useful for satellite channels where large propagation delay and guard times are significant features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
<title>Enhanced sensitivity for hyperspectral infrared chemical detection</title> (2001)

The sensitivity of imaging, hyperspectral, passive remote sensors in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral region is currently limited by the ability to achieve an accurate, time-invariant, pixel-to-pixel calibration of the elements composing the Focal Plane Array (FPA). Pursuing conventional techniques to improve the accuracy of the calibration will always be limited by the trade-off between the time required to collect calibration data of improved precision and the drift in the pixel response that occurs on a timescale comparable to the calibration time. This paper will present the results from a study of a method to circumvent these problems. Improvements in detection capability can be realized by applying a quick, repetitive dither of the field of view (FOV) of the imager (by a small angular amount), so that radiance/spectral differences between individual target areas can be measured by a single FPA pixel. By performing this difference measurement repetitively both residual differences in the pixel-to-pixel calibration and 1/f detector drift noise can effectively be eliminated. In addition, variations in the atmosphere and target scene caused by the motion of the sensor platform will cause signal drifts that this technique would not be able to remove. This method allows improvements in sensitivity that could potentially scale as the square root of the observation time.
Epidemiology of Skin Barrier Function (2007)

UNDERSTANDING THE SKIN BARRIER FUNCTION The stratum corneum (SC), the outer permeability barrier of the skin, is continuously exposed to physical and chemical agents from the environment. As a highly specialized structure, it is essentially impermeable to water, except for a small but vital flux serving to maintain its hydration and flexibility (1). As discussed in Chapters 7 and 24 of this volume, the SC is a very resilient tissue. The physical barrier to permeation through the skin, located in the SC, is primarily a function of the long-chain lamellar lipids that fill the intercellular space between the corneocytes. To account for such barrier properties and for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways through the skin barrier, an alternative model to the “brick-and-mortar” model, the domain mosaic model, has been proposed (2). This model envisages the barrier lipids as existing predominantly in crystalline domains, surrounded by grain borders of lipids in a liquid crystalline state. The latter provide an effective barrier that allows a small, but controlled, water loss through the liquid interdomains, which is sufficient to keep the SC keratin hydrated. Perturbation in the barrier due to the use of organic solvents, detergents, or mechanical abrogation leads to an altered water flux and initiates a cascade of events within the underlying epidermis to promote barrier recovery. The principal response to minor repeated or severe barrier disruption comprises a temporary increase in the biosynthesis of all major lipid species in the epidermis, enhanced cytokine production, inflammatory events involving the deeper layers of the skin and the endothelium, epidermal hyperplasia, and abnormal keratinization.
Targeting Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1&#945;: A Novel Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 for Brain Repair after Hypoxia/Ischemia Brain Damage (2011)

Hypoxia/ischemia brain damage (HIBD) is one of the most common central nervous system insults in newborns. Brain repair following HIBD is closely associated with cellular processes such as cell survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. In recent years, many studies have suggested that ginsenoside Rg1, one of the major active ingredients of ginseng, may increase neural viability, promote angiogenesis, and induce neurogenesis. However, there are few reports on roles of Rg1 in HIBD repair, and the mechanisms involved are unclear. Recently, a Chinese drug consisting of Rg1 has been shown to be a potential regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in HIBD. Since it has been shown that HIF-1α is a key transcription factor involved in the neuroprotective response to HIBD, it is possible that Rg1 could facilitate the process of brain repair, possibly modulating cell survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis after HIBD by targeting HIF-1α.
Electron Transport (2017)

This chapter aims to review the assumptions behind the Boltzmann transport equation and to present how a hierarchical set of equations for the moments of the distribution can be derived from it. It discusses advantages and limitations of different approaches to go beyond the semiclassical limit, from quantum-corrected semiclassical to quantum kinetic models in which dissipative carrier transport and quantum optics are described on equal footing. High-field nonstationary effects, phase coherence, tunneling, and other quantum features of electronic transport may have barely found mention in a handbook of optoelectronic devices, were it not for the developments in novel material systems, highly nanostructured to offer unprecedented performance. Moving from quantum-corrected semiclassical models to genuine quantum-kinetic descriptions, one has to face the fact that two closely related aspects of the problem, namely carrier transport and optical generation, are traditionally considered from different perspectives.
Silver-staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels: a general overview (2009)

On the basis of the physico-chemical principles underlying silver-staining of proteins, which are recalled in this paper, several methods of silver-staining of proteins after SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels or isoelectric focusing were tested. The most valuable protocols are presented in this report, including standard methods for unsupported gels and new methods devised for thin (0.5 mm) supported gels for SDS electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing and for staining of small peptides. Generally speaking, the most rapid methods were found to be less sensitive and less reproducible than more time-consuming ones. Among the long methods, those using silver-diammine complex gave the most uniform sensitivity. They require however special home-made gels and cannot be applied to several electrophoretic systems (e.g. systems using tricine or bicine as the trailing ion, or isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients). For these reasons, protocols based on silver nitrate are of a more general use and might be favored. Future trends for silver-staining will also be discussed.
IL-5 production by bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asthma and atopy (1997)

There is increasing evidence to suggest a key role for interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the regulation of airway eosinophilia in asthma. We compared the capacity for IL-5 production in atopic asthmatic, nonatopic asthmatic, atopic nonasthmatic and normal subjects, and evaluated the usefulness of peripheral blood cells for reflecting airway cell reactivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 12 atopic and 10 nonatopic asthmatics (without inhaled steroid therapy), 9 atopic nonasthmatics, and 10 normal controls were cultured with or without house dust mite (HDM, 10 microg x mL-1) stimulation. CD4+ T-cell activation, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in the cultures were assessed. Both for BAL and PBMC samples, atopic and nonatopic asthmatic subjects showed comparable spontaneous production of IL-5, which was significantly higher than that either for atopic nonasthmatics or normal controls (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between the percentage of eosinophils in BAL and spontaneous production of IL-5 by BAL cells in both asthmatic groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Both these parameters were also associated with asthmatic airway narrowing as denoted by a negative relationship with baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as percentage predicted (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, IFN-gamma production by unstimulated BAL cells from normal controls was higher than that for BAL cell cultures of nonatopic asthmatic subjects (p<0.05). Following HDM stimulation, both atopic groups had comparable positive responses in terms of CD4+ T-cell activation, but there was relatively greater IL-5 production in asthmatic PBMC (p<0.05) and, in particular, BAL cell cultures (p<0.01). These findings suggest that elevated IL-5 production is a common feature of BAL cells and PBMC in atopic and nonatopic asthma. In addition, atopic asthmatics show greater IL-5 production in response to specific allergen compared with atopic nonasthmatics, an effect most marked in BAL cells compared to PBMC. Hence, peripheral blood mononuclear cells can reflect cytokine immunoreactivity of airway cells, but lack local cellular interactions, which limits their usage in asthma research.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 7. On the Regioselectivity of Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Substitution on Cyclopropyl Group Containing Allyl Esters. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Os textos da tradição oral portuguesa no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário (2011)

O estudo e a divulgação, em contexto escolar, dos textos da tradição oral portuguesa (e não só) pode contribuir decisivamente para a construção de um ambiente social e cultural mais pluralista, estimulante e democrático: quer porque promove um conhecimento organizado e esclarecido da língua portuguesa (desde logo na sempre actual questão da norma e dos desvios), quer porque favorece a liberdade de ser e pensar, o aprofundamento da educação para a cidadania e o desenvolvimento das capacidades cognitivas. Partimos destes pressupostos, reconhecidos por todos os agentes ligados à educação e notados em textos programáticos oficiais, mas propomos uma revisão. Através de uma nova abordagem científica, pedagógica e didáctica, é possível dar mais visibilidade a esses conteúdos já há muito presentes nos curricula dos ensinos básico e secundário, mas ainda não explorados devidamente nas suas virtualidades comunicacionais, literárias e culturais.Palavras-chave: Literatura oral e tradicional; língua portuguesa; educação; ética; estética; comunidade; cidadania.
Effiziente chemische Synthese beider Anomere von ADP-L-glycero- und -D-glycero-D-manno-Heptopyranose und Bestimmung der Substratspezifität bakterieller Heptosyl-Transferasen (2000)

Einfach durch Vertauschen des Kupplungs- und des Deblockierungsschritts sind jeweils beide Anomere von ADP-L-glycero- und D-glycero-D-manno-Heptopyranose in hohen Ausbeuten zugänglich. Nur die β-konfigurierten Zuckernucleotide (das L-glycero-D-manno-Derivat 1 ist gezeigt) – die als neue Leitstrukturen bei der Suche nach antibakteriellen Wirkstoffen dienen können – waren Substrate für die bakteriellen Heptosyl-Transferasen aus E. coli. Kdo=3-Desoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonsäure.
Etiology & Management of Long QT Syndrome (2018)

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a congenital or acquired condition of the heart rhythm which is characterized on an electrocardiogram by a long QT interval and a type of ventricular tachycardia known as Torsades de Pointes (TdP). The pathophysiology of LQTS may be based in either increases in sympathetic activity in the electrical conduction system, or in abnormal ion flow within the heart, which lead to increases in action potential duration and subsequently prolongs the QT interval, causing predisposition to TdP. LQTS can result from inherited genetic mutations but can also be acquired due to medications such as Class I and Class III antiarrhythmics. Treatment for the condition includes beta-blocker medications, sympathetic denervation procedures, and cardioverter-defibrillator implants. LQTS is of particular interest due to its ability to lead to TdP, which can lead to unconsciousness or sudden cardiac death, and because of its typical onset and severity without other clinical signs which often leads to misdiagnosis. Work must be continued to investigate the drugs which can cause the acquired form of this disease, the genetics of the disease, and the best treatment for varying severities of the disease in order to improve patient outcomes.
Parking Analytics Framework using Deep Learning (2022)

With the number of vehicles continuously increasing, parking monitoring and analysis are becoming a substantial feature of modern cities. In this study, we present a methodology to monitor car parking areas and to analyze their occupancy in real-time. The solution is based on a combination between image analysis and deep learning techniques. It incorporates four building blocks put inside a pipeline: vehicle detection, vehicle tracking, manual annotation of parking slots, and occupancy estimation using the Ray Tracing algorithm. The aim of this methodology is to optimize the use of parking areas and to reduce the time wasted by daily drivers to find the right parking slot for their cars. Also, it helps to better manage the space of the parking areas and to discover misuse cases. A demonstration of the provided solution is shown in the following video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbAt8zT14Tc.
The Application of the Micro Thermocouple to Nucleate Boiling Bubble Temperature Gradient Measurement (2003)

The mechanism of nucleate boiling bubble has not b een well developed for its complex.Micro thermocouple has been applied for te mperature gradient measurement around the bubble,but it has not been applie d in domestic research.This paper discusses a experiment for measure tempera ture around the bubble with micro thermocouple.
Electrocatalytic Application of an Overoxidized Dopamine Film Prepared on a Gold Electrode Surface to Selective Epinephrine Sensing (2008)

Abstract A dopamine polymer film was prepared ex situ on a bare gold template from a 10 mM dopamine solution in phosphate buffer, pH 7 followed by an overoxidation in 500 mM NaOH. The modified electrode was used for quantitative determination of epinephrine. A linear relationship between epinephrine concentration and current response was obtained in the range between 2 μM and 800 μM with the detection limit of 0.3 μM. The results have shown that using the overoxidized dopamine film it is possible to perform electrochemical analysis of epinephrine without interference of ascorbic and uric acids.
[Stimulation or blocking of the periurethral region--an expansion of conservative therapeutic measures in irritable bladder and urge incontinence]. (1986)

In an open study we report about the therapeutic influence of neural therapy in the periurethral region in patients with urgency. We treated 50 patients with neurohormonal urgency three times in 2-weeks interval by periurethral injections of 10 ml 0.25% Bupivacaine. Success was controlled in 46 patients with clinical and urodynamical methods. 10% of the least one time treated patients had the same complaints after therapy, 60% were improved by therapy and 30% were free of symptoms. We registered with urodynamic measurements a significant increase of the bladder volume up to the first sensation to void and a significant reduction of the bladder compliance. In a second randomized study the influence of a single acute maximum functional electrostimulation (AMFES) by vaginal electrode was tested. 10 patients with anamnestic urge incontinence in each case with uninhibited detrusor contractions and 10 patients without detrusor contractions was treated. The subjective statements yielded in urge incontinence without detrusor contractions a higher percentage of improvement than in motoric urge incontinence. The urodynamic diagnostic evaluation showed a relation between the unchanged objective conditions and the symptoms of complaint four weeks after treatment in patients with motoric urge incontinence. We recommend the use both of the neural therapy and functional electrostimulation as additional methods besides the dominant medicamentous treatment of the urgency and the urge incontinence.
Space-time block codes for noncoherent CPFSK (2010)

In this paper the problem of space-time block coding for multiple-input multiple-output communication systems employing continuous phase frequency shift keying and one-shot noncoherent detection is investigated. First, the detection problem is analysed in a maximum likelihood perspective; then, design criteria for optimal space-time codes are proposed and some error bounds are derived. Finally, some numerical results are illustrated for a couple of novel space-time block codes designed on the basis of the above mentioned criteria. Such results evidence that the use of the proposed schemes can entail a limited energy loss respect to other solutions available in the technical literature for coherent systems, with the relevant advantage, however, of a simple detection algorithm.
Tri-component MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune responses in MUC1.Tg mice with MMT tumor. (48.20) (2011)

Abstract Effective immunotherapy for cancer depends on both cellular and humoral immune responses to tumor antigens. MUC1, which is expressed at increased levels on breast cancer, also exhibits altered glycosylation that contributes to the formation of novel antigens. The identification of MHC class I and II binding peptides derived from tumor-associated MUC1 has facilitated the development of MUC1 based cancer vaccines. We have shown that the MHC class I binding epitopes from MUC1 tandem repeat, when given as emulsification with adjuvants, has always resulted in strong cellular response with no antibody response. It is possible that better immunogenicity would be obtained using glycopeptides more representative of the novel forms of MUC1 as seen in cancer to which individuals may be less tolerant and that direct linking of the vaccine components would result in a superior immune response than delivering them as a mix. Here we show that a three-component vaccine composed of a TLR2 agonist, a helper epitope and a T cell epitope, which is also a B cell epitope, derived from the MUC1 can break tolerance and elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunization with the MUC1 glycopeptide vaccine led to a significant reduction in tumor burden compared to mice treated with adjuvants only and empty liposomes. The tri-component vaccine activated MUC1 glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and elicited robust titers of IgG antibodies that lyse relevant tumor cells by ADCC.
Structured Access Token for Sharing Authorization Grant between a Resource Server and an Authorization Server (2013)

This specification defines a format of structured access tokens that
are issued by the authorization server and received by the resource
server in the OpenID Connect protocol. By using this format, the
authorization server and the resource server can be easily separated
and the validation of the access token can be performed offline.
Cost‐effectiveness of peginterferon alfa‐2a compared to lamivudine treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan (2006)

Our analysis suggests that 48-week treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a compared to 48-week treatment with lamivudine in HBeAg-positive patients offers life expectancy and quality of life benefits at a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio.
On Tampering with Nature (1994)

It is springtime in Bohemia. Perdita, showing off her garden to Polixenes, the King in disguise, makes it absolutely clear the loathing she feels for streaked or variegated gillyflowers [pinks (Dianthus)], the product, apparently, of the new technique of cross breeding. In a memorable reply, Polixenes gently points out that the art involved in changing and improving nature is itself part of nature and cites grafting as an example. Perdita will have none of it.
INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON THE EXPRESSION OF PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN AND DNA POLYMERASE α IN SKELETONEMA COSTATUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1 (2004)

To evaluate the effects of UV radiation on the expression of DNA replication‐related genes in phytoplankton, the mRNA levels of DNA polymerase α and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in a marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve, were studied using the methods of real‐time quantitative PCR. Treating the algal cultures with UVC radiation for 15 min caused severe mortality during the 24‐h period after treatment. A significant amount of thymine dimers was detected in the treated cultures, and the mRNA levels of DNA polymerase α and PCNA increased by as much as 140 and 23 pmol·(g total RNA) −1 , respectively, compared with the control experiments. In contrast, massive cell deaths did not occur in cultures receiving UVA/B radiation, and the formation of thymine dimers was inconspicuous. Also, UVA/B did not enhance the expression levels of DNA polymerase α or PCNA. Based on the calculation of biologically effective UV doses, daily exposure to sunlight may increase the expression of DNA polymerase α or PCNA genes in S. costatum by 12% at sea surface. This level of increase does not seriously affect the value of using these genes as growth indicators, but caution is needed in the extrapolation of this conclusion to all phytoplankton species.