gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating joint operation rules for connecting tunnels between two multipurpose dams (2020)

Abstract This study aims to provide a practically efficient approach for determining the most efficient joint operation rule for two reservoirs connected by a waterway tunnel. For this purpose, the connecting tunnel's effect was assessed and three heuristic joint operation rules accounting for the connecting tunnel were evaluated. A standard operation policy with the connecting tunnel led to positive effects on the water resource system of the target basin with regard to a reliable water supply. The connecting tunnel provides an additional water supply of 12.4 million m3/year to the basin, and the reliability of the two reservoirs increased. Among the three rules, the equivalent reservoir (ER) rule led to the most positive effect on water supply. We found that the ER rule could maximize the positive effects of the connecting tunnel by maintaining the effective water storage rates of the two reservoirs. Moreover, the effects of hydrologic uncertainty on the joint operation rules were discussed using the synthetically generated multiple streamflow traces.
Macroscopic quantum dynamics ofπjunctions with ferromagnetic insulators (2006)

We theoretically investigate the macroscopic quantum dynamics of a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ junction with a superconductor (S) and a multiferroic material or a ferromagnetic insulator (FI). By deriving the effective action from a microscopic Hamiltonian, a $\ensuremath{\pi}$-junction qubit (a S-FI-S superconducting quantum interference device ring) is proposed. In this qubit, a quantum two-level system is spontaneously generated and the effect of the quasiparticle dissipation is found to be very weak. These features make it possible to realize a quiet qubit with high coherency. We also investigate macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) in current-biased S-FI-S $\ensuremath{\pi}$ junctions and show that the influence of the quasiparticle dissipation on MQT is negligibly small.
Roles of Fucosylation in Tumor Immunology (2010)

近年の糖鎖生物学の急速な発展に伴い、フコースが様々な生物において必要不可欠なものであり、多くの生命現象に関与することが明らかとなってきている。現在、多くの研究者が分子レベルでフコシル化の機能を解明しようと日夜努力しているが、フコシル化が関与する生命現象を完全には解明できていない。癌の分野においても、癌化に伴いフコシル化が増加することが古くから知られており、いくつかのフコシル化分子が腫瘍マーカーとして利用されてきたが、それが癌の性質においてどのような生物学的意味を持っているのかについてはあまり理解されていない。最近、我々はフコシル化がアポトーシス誘導分子であるTumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)による癌細胞のアポトーシスを制御し、NK細胞による腫瘍免疫監視機構に関与することを明らかとした。本総説では、我々のこの新しい知見を中心に、癌とフコシル化の関係について概説したい。
Model‐Based Project‐Product Lifecycle Management and Gantt Chart Models: A Comparative Study (2017)

ABSTRACT Systems engineering (SE) and project management (PM) are two complementary disciplines that aim at achieving a common goal. In order for systems engineers and project managers to communicate efficiently, there is a need for a common language that balances system performance, quality, stakeholder expectations and needs, cost, and schedule. We use Object Process Methodology (OPM) as the basis for Project‐Product Lifecycle Management (PPLM), where SE and PM are complementary parts of an overarching system. Since the project plan is one of the first artifacts that both SE and PM professionals should agree on, we compared Gantt chart, a commonly used method, and a PPLM project plan. We present a three‐stage comparative research, investigating how differences between a Gantt chart and an OPM model‐based PPLM project plan are perceived by mid‐career systems engineers, who were graduate students in systems engineering academic programs. The outcomes indicate that the comprehension of information contained in the OPM model‐based PPLM project plan is more easily grasped than the same information presented via the Gantt chart. The results suggest that PPLM has the potential to better clarify the intricate relationships between SE and PM involved in developing systems through projects. It can enable better understanding and communication between systems engineers and project managers, thereby improving decision‐making, project outcomes, and product performance.
Ultra Low-loss Optical Fiber Technology (2016)

Since inception silica based optical fibers have demonstrated dramatic attenuation reduction from 20 dB/km to 0.1460 dB/km. Ultra-low level of attenuation is enabled by silica core fiber design and reduction of the largest attenuation component - Rayleigh scattering.
Enhancing Surface Diffusion in Battery Electrodes Using Solvent Adsorbates (2016)

LiFePO 4 is one of the most well-studied positive electrode materials. A well-established doctrine is that Li only diffuses within one-dimensional channels, with negligible diffusivities in the other directions, and almost no movement of Li between channels. However, existing experimental measurements and density functional theory calculations have generally been conducted for bulk LiFePO 4 , and have largely neglected surface diffusion at the solid/liquid interface. In our work, we directly study the ambipolar Li diffusion along these nominally slow directions perpendicular to the fast conduction channels. Because ambipolar transport of Li is controlled by the slow species, it is difficult to quantify using standard electrical measurements, which generally probe the fast species. To overcome this challenge, we measure the time for a solid solution Li 0.5 FePO 4 electrode to separate into Li-rich and Li-poor phases. Because phase separation necessitates the movement of Li within a particle between the fast conduction channels, this technique directly provides the ambipolar transport of Li. Our results show that phase separation is extremely slow under dry, inert conditions. However, when placed in an organic solvent containing ethylene carbonate but no electrolyte salt, the rate of phase separation is enhanced by more than two order of magnitude. Because the ethylene carbonate only interacts with the surface of the LiFePO 4 particles, the enhancement in Li transport demonstrate that surface diffusion is many orders of magnitude faster than bulk diffusion. Additionally, the rate of surface diffusion can be tuned by environmental adsorbates. We confirm our findings through density functional theory calculations, which show a significant reduction in migration enthalpy in the presence of a solvent adsorbate. Our results show that surfaces diffusion enhances the conductivity of Li along the nominally slow directions by several orders of magnitude, and thus reduces the anisotropy of Li diffusion in LiFePO 4 . Additionally, by demonstrating that the conductivity can be tuned using environmental adsorbates, we offer a novel approach towards enhancing the conductivity of electrode materials. By choosing the correct adsorbates to activate surface diffusion, nominally insulating materials can be conductive at the solid/liquid interface. This introduces a new paradigm in interfacial engineering of electrodes, and could significantly expand the class of insulating materials which are suitable as electrodes in Li-ion batteries.
High power and efficient far infrared ZnGeP 2 -based optical parametric oscillator (2007)

A high power, efficient, and tunable laser source in the 8-10 µm wavelength range, based on a ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> (ZGP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a hybrid 2-micron-laser, is demonstrated. Tuning to 9.8 &mu;m was achieved, and with 8.9 W of 2.1 µm pump power we obtained 0.95 W at 8 &mu;m with an M<sup>2</sup> value of 2.7 from an OPO with two walk-off compensating crystals. More than 40% quantum efficiency was achieved.
Nonlinear programming (1982)

A historical survey of the origins of nonlinear programming is presented with emphasis placed on necessary conditions for optimality. The mathematical sources for the work of Karush, John, Kuhn, and Tucker are traced and compared. Their results are illustrated by duality theorems for nonlinear programs that antedate the modern development of the subject.
Sistemas de centralita de VoIP por software.: el problema del eco. (2006)

El nuevo mundo de la telefonia por Internet se enfrenta a uno de los retos a los que ya se enfrento en sus inicios la telefonia de larga distancia. Presentamos una de las tecnicas para hacer llamadas a alta calidad sobre VoIP.
An Optimal Normalization Scheme (1975)

An attitude normalization scheme, based on quaternion updates' of the attitude matrix in a strapdown system, is presented which is optimal in the two-norm sense. Furthermore, the algorithm requires minimal computer time and memory load.
Synthesis of mono- and unsymmetrical bis-orthoesters of scyllo-inositol (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of mono- and unsymmetrical bis-orthoesters of scyllo-inositolHyo Won Lee and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 22, 4402–4404Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00222a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00222a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1574Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spinal muscular atrophy (5qSMA): best practice of diagnostics, newborn screening and therapy (2020)

Abstract Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by the degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Patients show hypotonia, muscular atrophy and weakness of voluntary proximal muscles. SMA is one of the most common genetic diseases, with a frequency of about 1 in 7,000 newborns in Germany. The vast majority of patients carry a homozygous deletion of exons 7 and 8 of the survival motor neuron ( SMN ) 1 gene on chromosome 5q13.2; only about 3–4 % of patients are compound heterozygous for this common mutation and an additional subtle mutation in SMN1 . The severity of the disease is mainly influenced by the copy number of the highly homologous SMN2 . Since the discovery of the underlying genetic defect 25 years ago, both the diagnostics of SMA and its treatment have undergone constant and in recent times rapid improvements. SMA has become one of the first neuromuscular disorders with effective therapies based on gene targeted strategies such as splice correction of SMN2 via antisense oligonucleotides or small molecules or gene replacement therapy with a self-complementary adeno-associated virus 9 expressing the SMN1 -cDNA. With the availability of treatment options, which are most effective when therapy starts at a pre-symptomatic stage, a newborn screening is indispensable and about to be introduced in Germany. New challenges for diagnostic labs as well as for genetic counsellors are inevitable. This article aims at summarising the current state of SMA diagnostics, treatment and perspectives for this disorder and offering best practice testing guidelines to diagnostic labs.
Density Functional Theory Study of ATA, BTAH, and BTAOH as Copper Corrosion Inhibitors: Adsorption onto Cu(111) from Gas Phase (2010)

A low-coverage gas-phase adsorption of three corrosion inhibitors-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA), benzotriazole (BTAH), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (BTAOH)-on perfect Cu(111) surface has been studied and characterized using density functional theory calculations. We find that the molecules in neutral form chemisorb weakly to the perfect surface in an upright geometry. The strength of the chemisorption increases in the order BTAH < BTAOH < ATA with adsorption energies of -0.40, -0.53, and -0.60 eV, respectively. The molecules bond to the surface with triazole nitrogen atoms and also through X-H···Metal hydrogen bonds (X = N or O). In addition to chemisorption, BTAH and BTAOH can also physisorb with the molecular plane being nearly parallel to the surface and the energies of the physisorption are -0.72 and -0.97 eV, respectively, hence being more exothermic than the corresponding chemisorption energies. On the other hand, the molecules in dehydrogenated form chemisorb strongly to the surface and the strength of the chemisorption increases in the order BTAO· < ATA· < BTA· with the adsorption energies of -1.65, -2.22, and -2.78 eV, respectively. This order is compatible with the trend of experimentally observed corrosion inhibition effectiveness on copper in near-neutral chloride solutions. Although the calculations are performed at the metal/vacuum interface, they provide enough insight to rationalize why in some experiments the BTAH was observed to be adsorbed with an upright geometry and in the others with parallel geometry.
Assessment of human nter and cterBRCA1mutations using growth and localization assays in yeast (2011)

A large number of missense mutations have been identified within the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1. Most of them, called "variants of unknown significance" (VUS), cannot be classified as pathogenic or neutral by genetic methods, which complicates their cancer risk assessment. Functional assays have been developed to circumvent this uncertainty. They aim to determine how VUS impact the BRCA1 protein structure or function, thereby giving an indication of their potential to cause cancer. So far, three relevant assays have been designed in yeast and used on large sets of variants. However, they are limited to variants mapped in restricted domains of BRCA1. One of them, the small colony phenotype (SCP) assay, monitors the BRCA1-dependent growth of yeast colonies that increases with pathogenic but not neutral mutations positioned in the Cter region. Here, we extend this assay to the Nter part of BRCA1. We also designed a new assay, called the "yeast localization phenotype (YLP) assay," based on the accumulation of BRCA1 in a single inclusion body in the yeast nucleus. This phenotype is altered by variants positioned both in the Nter and Cter regions. Together, these assays provide new perspectives for the functional assessment of BRCA1 mutations in yeast.
TEMPORAL BONE IMAGING IN UNILATERAL SEVERE TO PROFOUND SNHL. (2019)

Background: The effect of unilateral sensor ineural hearing loss (UHL) on the quality of life is well documented. Studies found a direct link between UHL and educational and social delays. Radiological studies aimed to detect the associated anomalies of the earen countered a wide variation in the rates of incidence. Aim of the work: Our study aims to detect and give an estimate about the rate of incidence of different anomalies. Patients and methods: A review of the medical records of Audiology department in Eldemerdash hospital between 2014 to 2017 was done. Only cases with severe to profound USNHL diagnosed before age of 12 years were included. Clinical examination, full audiological assessment, MRI and CT temporal bone were done for all cases and results were reviewed for each patient. Results: 50 cases were included (8 cases with severe USNHL and 42 cases with profound USNHL). The mean age of diagnosis was 7.6 years.Only16 cases (32%) had risk factors known to contribute to SNHL. The most common abnormality found was cochlear nerve (CN)deficiency in 22 cases (44%).Bilateral findings were present in 4 cases (8%). Conclusion: Radiological evaluation is not only for detection of the cause but also allows proper counselling and exploring the possible options of rehabilitation.
Multilevel modelling of the risk of malaria among children aged under five years in Nigeria (2020)

Abstract Background: Malaria is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five (U5) years. This study assessed individual, household, and community risk factors for malaria in Nigerian children U5 years of age. Methods: Data from the Nigerian Malaria Health Indicator Survey 2015 were pooled for analyses. This comprised of national survey of 329 clusters. Children aged 6-59 months who were tested for malaria using microscopy were retained. Multilevel logit model accounting for sampling design was used to assess individual, household and community factors associated with malaria parasitaemia. Results: A total of 5742 children were assessed for malaria parasitaemia with overall prevalence of 27% (95% CI 26-28%). Plasmodium falciparum constituted 98% of the Plasmodium species. There was no significant difference in parasitaemia between older children, and those ≤12 months. In adjusted analyses, rural living, Northwest region, household size of &gt;7, dependence on river and rain water as primary water source were associated with higher odds of parasitaemia; while higher wealth index, all U5s who slept under bed net and dependence on packaged water were associated with lower odds of parasitaemia. Conclusion: Despite sustained investment in malaria control and prevention, a quarter of the overall study population of U5s suffer from malaria. Across the six geopolitical zones, the highest burden was in children living in poorest rural households.
Supplementary Table 1 from T-cell Receptor Signaling Activates an ITK/NF-κB/GATA-3 axis in T-cell Lymphomas Facilitating Resistance to Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 Differentially expressed genes&lt;/p&gt;
Pipe Burst Risk State Assessment and Classification Based on Water Hammer Analysis for Water Supply Networks (2013)

Hydraulic transients pose many risks to urban water distribution systems. The high pressure induced by a hydraulic transient can cause pipe bursts, the negative pressure can cause pipe collapses, cavitation can cause pipeline erosions and pump impeller damages, and the transient forces can loosen pipe joints. We derived the hydraulic calculating equations based on the method of characteristics (MOC) by considering the pipe head loss and node cavitation. Four individual factors and one composite factor for hydraulic transient risk are presented along with the method of calculation of the indicators. They can produce a tabular result that is color coded by risk, and the risk classification map can be built by a four-layer state assessment and color coding technology. They are Class I with green for safe level, Class II with cyan for warning level, Class III with blue for dangerous level, and Class IV with red for severe level. The pipe burst risk assessment methods and procedures are presented. Finally, a sample model and a Chinese city pipe network system are presented for pipe burst risk classification examples.
Mini-Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy Using a Knot-Tying Technique: A Preliminary Report (2004)

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience using pure laparoscopic intracorporeal knot tying to 1igate internal spermatic veins. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and March 2004, 20 men underwent min-laparoscopic varicocelectomies. The mean patient age was 29.5 (range, 10 to 48) years. All varicoceles were detected clinically according to the World Health Organization classification and confirmed by scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography. The varicocele was on the left side in 11 (55%) and was bilateral in 9(45%). The surgical indications were scrotal pain in 14, infertility in 4, and both in 2. Three 2 or 3mm mini-laparoscopic ports were used for the operation. The internal spermatic veins were separated and ligated with intracorporeal knot tying. The internal spermatic artery and lymphatic vessels were carefully preserved.
RESULTS: Mean operation time was 56±32(range, 25~100) minutes. All patients were discharged within 24 hours postoperatively. Neither immediate nor late procedure-related complications were noted. Of the 14 patients with scrotal symptoms, 12 were free of symptoms, and 2 had significant improvement. Of the 6 patients presenting with infertility, 4 (67%) had improvement in semen quality. Neither recurrent varicocele nor hydrocele was detected with a mean follow-up of 6.7 (range, 0.25-24) months. 
CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results revealed that a mini-laparoscopic varicocelectomy combined with preservation of the artery and lymphatic vessel is a safe and effective procedure.
Vascular Pericytes Express Osteogenic Potential In Vitro and In Vivo (1998)

At postconfluence, cultured bovine pericytes isolated from retinal capillaries form three-dimensional nodule-like structures that mineralize. Using a combination of Northern and Southern blotting, in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence we have demonstrated that this process is associated with the stage-specific expression of markers of primitive clonogenic marrow stromal cells (STRO-1) and markers of cells of the osteoblast lineage (bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin). To demonstrate that the formation of nodules and the expression of these proteins were indicative of true osteogenic potential, vascular pericytes were also inoculated into diffusion chambers and implanted into athymic mice. When recovered from the host, chambers containing pericytes were found reproducibly to contain a tissue comprised of cartilage and bone, as well as soft fibrous connective tissue and cells resembling adipocytes. This is the first study to provide direct evidence of the osteogenic potential of microvascular pericytes in vivo. Our results are also consistent with the possibility that the pericyte population in situ serves as a reservoir of primitive precursor cells capable of giving rise to cells of multiple lineages including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and fibroblasts.
Weaving a Tapestry from Threads Spun by Geneticists: The Series Perspectives on Genetics, 1987–2008 (2016)

The Perspectives column was initiated in 1987 when Jan Drake, Editor-in-Chief of GENETICS, invited Jim Crow and William Dove to serve as coeditors of "Anecdotal, Historical, and Critical Commentaries." As the series evolved over 21 years, under the guidance of Crow and Dove, the input of stories told by geneticists from many countries created a panorama of 20th-century genetics. Three recurrent themes are visible: how geneticists have created the science (as solitary investigators, in pairs, or in cooperative groups); how geneticists work hard, but find ways to have fun; and how public and private institutions have sustained the science of genetics, particularly in the United States. This article ends by considering how the Perspectives series and other communication formats can carry forward the core science of genetics from the 20th into the 21st century.
2015 West Lafayette Simulation of 18 Sorghum Hybrids (2020)

&lt;p&gt;In the following simulations, APSIM (version 7.9, built number is r4044) software is required.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://www.apsim.info/download-apsim/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.apsim.info/download-apsim/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The calibrated APSIM models from 2018 West Lafayette (SorghumXMLOutputUQ)&amp;nbsp;were validated by comparing simulated and observed results of experiments conducted in 2015 West Lafayette. The performance of the 18 sorghum hybrids was simulated using the APSIM file&amp;nbsp;(WL15.apsim) with weather data (WL15.met) from 2015 with the parameter inputs from 2018&amp;nbsp;(SorghumXMLOutputUQ).&amp;nbsp;After running the simulations, the simulated results were compared with the experimental data collected in 2015 to assess the model performance.&lt;/p&gt;