gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of the ruthenium β-diketonato complexes: Ru(hfac)3, cis-Ru(hfac)2(MeCN)2, and cis-Ru(hfac)(acac)(MeCN)2 (1999)

Ru(hfac) 3 (2) was synthesized via peroxide oxidation of the Ru(II) species [Na][Ru(hfac) 3 ] (1) (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate). Treatment of either 1 or 2 with CF 3 SO 3 H in MeCN generated cis-Ru(hfac) 2 (MeCN) 2 (3). Ru(acac) 2 (hfac) (4) (acac = acetylacetonate) was generated by addition of hfac to an EtOH solution of cis-[Ru(acac) 2 (MeCN) 2 ][CF 3 SO 3 ]. Subsequent treatment of 4 with CF 3 SO 3 H in MeCN yielded cis-Ru(acac)(hfac)(MeCN) 2 (7). Syntheses of [Na][Ru(hfac) 2 (acac)] (5) and Ru(hfac) 2 (acac) (6) are also reported. The complexes were characterized generally by elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, NMR, and IR spectroscopies. The structures of 2, 3, and 7 were established by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Crystals of 2 are monoclinic with a = 8.7781(4), b = 13.0760(11), c = 19.1857(5) Å, β = 92.2275(5)°, Z = 4, and space group P2 1 /n; those of 3 are monoclinic with a = 25.731(4), b = 8.8332(13), c = 18.1955(4) Å, β = 93.3395(6)°, Z = 8, and space group C2/c; and those of 7 are triclinic with a = 7.6812(9), b = 10.680(2), c = 12.578(2) Å, α = 88.062(6)°, β = 83.874(3)°, γ = 69.5898(15)°, Z = 2, and space group Pbar over 1. The structures were solved by Patterson methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R(F) = 0.036, 0.035, and 0.068 (R w (F 2 ) = 0.061,R w (F) = 0.052, and R w (F) = 0.089), respectively.Key words: ruthenium, β-diketonato complexes, acetylacetonate, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate, acetonitrile complexes.
Clustering Based Outlier Detection Method for Network Based Intrusion Detection (2010)

The discovery of objects with exceptional behavior is an outstanding challenge from a knowledge discovery standpoint and has received considerable attention in many applications such as network attacks, fraud detection. This paper proposes a simple clustering based algorithm to detect outlying objects. The main problem for network intrusion detection system is the ability to exploit ambiguities in the traffic stream. Network-Based Intrusion Detection monitors network traffic for particular network segment and analyzes the network and application protocol activity to identify suspicious activity. There are several recently developed outlier detection schemes to detect attacks in a network. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is applied to network intrusion detection system to detect ambiguities or violations in the network traffic stream.
Direct measurements of the complex X-ray atomic scattering factors for elements by X-ray interferometry at the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source (1986)

A scanning X-ray interferometer system [Hart & Siddons (1981). Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 376, 465-482] has been rebuilt for operation at the SERC Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS). The SRS permits an increase in energy resolution by one decade and simultaneously an intensity gain of one thousand times, though in practice the solid-state detector employed limited the peak intensity utilized so that experiments which hitherto demanded one month of counting time are now performed at higher spectral resolution in 2-4 h. Absolute measurements are reported of f' and f” for the K edges of most elements between 34Se and 26Fe and for L edges of 79Au and 74W over energy ranges of about ± 2 keV near absorption edges and scans with better than 1 eV energy resolution of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra near the edges. Over wide energy ranges the results are compared with the most recent calculations of Cromer & Liberman [Acta Cryst. (1981), A37, 267-268], which are now easily available to workers in the field.
Transfer of C3 Nephritic Factor from Mother to Fetus (1977)

&lt;p&gt;We consider the following question: How many edgedisjoint plane spanning trees are contained in a complete geometric graph GK&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; on any set S of n points in general position in the plane?&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated Optics for Sensing. (1991)

A variety of integrated-optic sensors have been reported in the past ten years. Most integrated-optic sensors developed at the early stage may belong to a so-called waveguide sensor in which the waveguide itself is used as a transducer for sensing of temperature, pressure, humidity, and so on. The waveguide sensors, however, do not seem to have a technical advantage over existing fiber-optic sensors in practical use. On the other hand, very stable sensing becomes possible in freedom from an optical bench by integration of the whole interferometer optics on a chip, where an optical fiber, for instance, is used as a sensing probe. Replacement of a bulk-optic component by the waveguide counterpart also results in drastic improvement of the sensor performance. In most integrated-optic sensors reported so far, LiNbO3 was used as a waveguide material because it is relatively easy to make low-loss single-mode waveguides by Ti indiffution into LiNbO3 without reduction of the electrooptic effect. This paper describes recent progress in integrated-optic sensors in LiNbO3. Particularly, integration of heterodyne interferometer optics used for the measurement of velocity and displacement are discussed in detail. The application of integrated optics to fiber-optic gyroscopes is also described.
A Major Endogenous Ligand Substance Involved in Renal Failure (1988)

The clinical significance of a major endogenous ligand substance, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), present in the sera of patients with renal failure, was examined. In patients with chronic renal failure, the serum CMPF concentration was correlated with the serum creatinine concentration, but not in patients with acute renal failure. The accumulation of CMPF in the sera of patients with chronic renal failure may reflect the 'chronicity' of renal failure. Plasma exchange was more effective than direct hemoperfusion for the elimination of CMPF retained in uremic serum.
Sub-10 nm Nanoimprint Lithography by Wafer Bowing (2008)

We introduce the concept of wafer bowing to affect nanoimprinting. This approach allows a design that can fit the key imprinting mechanism into a compact module, which we have constructed and demonstrated with an overlay and resolution of <0.5 microm and <10 nm, respectively. In the short term, this wafer bowing approach makes nanoimprint lithography much more accessible to a broad range of researchers. More importantly, this approach eliminates machine movement other than wafer bowing and shortens the mechanical path; these will enable the achievement of excellent patterning and overlay at a much lower cost. In the long term, wafer bowing is extensible to step-and-repeat printing for volume manufacturing.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF N‐(2,6‐DIMETHYLPHENYLCARBAMOYLMETHYL)IMINODIACETIC ACID AND ANALOGS (1979)

Abstract Aus Nitrilotriessigsäure, Acetanhydrid und verschiedenen Anilinen werden direkt in mittleren Ausbeuten die Iminodiessigsäuren (I) synthetisiert.
Optoelectronic System for Measuring Heights Above a Floor (2003)

An optoelectronic system has been developed for measuring heights, above a floor, of designated points on a large object. In the original application for which the system was conceived, the large object is a space shuttle and the designated points are two front and two rear points for the attachment of jacks for positioning the shuttle at the height and horizontal pitch specified for maintenance operations. The front and rear jacking points are required to be raised to heights of 198 1/4 in. (502.9 0.6 cm) and 120.6 1/4 in. (306.4 0.6 cm), respectively.
OLIGODYNAMIC ACTION OF METALLIC ELEMENTS AND OF METAL ALLOYS ON CERTAIN BACTERIA AND VIRUSES (1948)

THE OLIGODYNAMIC action of metals and metal compounds was noted in 1893 by von Naegeli who pointed out that "definite metals and metal compounds confer in minute quanity of water solutions the ability to change and finally kill cells in a characteristic way." Many metallic elements have been observed to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to inactivate enzymes. Practical application of such activity of metals has been made in the purification of water and in the preservation of tomato juice, of cider, and of hides. Metallic lead, cadmium, and mercury have been noted to exert an oligodynamic action at varying distances from micro-organisms, apparently the result of solution of small amounts of individual ions in the medium. Minute amounts of certain metals have been found to stimulate the growth of tumors in rabbits. Although the virus of poliomyelitis and that of influenza have been shown to be inactivated in vitro by salts of heavy metals, studies with viruses similar to those made on the oligodynamic action of metallic elements on bacteria are not available. Furthermore several metals are now obtainable which were not included in earlier studies. The purpose of this report is to present the results of investigations of the possible oligodynamic action of metallic elements and metal alloys on various species of bacteria and fungi, and on the viruses of poliomyelitis (Lansing strain) and on influenza A (PR8) by in vitro methods. Table I depicts the periodic arrangement of the elements and a list of the metals employed. Materials and Methods Metallic elements and alloys: The metallic elements were obtained in so far as possible as pure substances, but manufacturers' analyses were accepted and no attempts were made to ascertain if there might be traces of impurities present. The manufacturers' analyses of the composition of some of the metal alloys are listed in Table II with amounts of each ingredient stated on a percentage basis.
Verification of clinical guidelines encoded into knowledge-based DSSs (2012)

The empowerment of medical practices, in terms of consistency, effectiveness and efficiency, is being more and more pushed by the encoding of clinical practice guidelines in advanced decision support systems (DSSs). A prerequisite for their wide application is the guarantee of a high level of maintainability and reliability, with respect to different kinds of structural anomalies which can occur in the encoded guidelines and could compromise their practical value. This paper presents a verification approach, based on a formal taxonomy, devised to check the reliability of clinical guidelines encoded as rules. Its final goal is determining two categories of potential structural anomalies, i.e. inconsistency or redundancy, in a very general and understandable fashion. The approach has been developed within the EU IST CHRONIOUS Project, devoted to define a generic platform for remotely monitoring the health status of chronic patients. A sample set of clinical rules pertaining a specific chronic pathology, i.e. Chronic Kidney Disease, has been considered for its initial validation, showing its feasibility and efficacy in a real healthcare case.
Hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage through up‐regulation of tumor necrosis factor‐α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, p53, c‐myc, and bax‐α, and suppression of bcl‐2 (2002)

Hydrostatic pressure (HP) is thought to increase within cartilage extracellular matrix as a consequence of fluid flow inhibition. The biosynthetic response of human articular chondrocytes to HP in vitro varies with the load magnitude, load frequency, as well as duration of loading. We found that continuous cyclic HP (5 MegaPascals (MPa) for 4 h; 1 Hz frequency) induced apoptosis in human chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritic cartilage in vitro as evidenced by reduced chondrocyte viability which was independent of initial cell densities ranging from 8.1 x 10(4) to 1.3 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). HP resulted in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). At the molecular level, induction of apoptosis by HP was characterized by up-regulation of p53, c-myc, and bax-alpha after 4 h with concomitant down-regulation of bcl-2 after 2 h at 5 MPa as measured by RT-PCR. In contrast, beta-actin expression was unchanged. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR confirmed a HP-induced (5 MPa) 1.3-2.6 log-fold decrease in bcl-2 mRNA copy number after 2 and 4 h, respectively, and a significant increase (1.9-2.5 log-fold) in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA copy number after 2 and 4 h, respectively. The up-regulation of p53 and c-myc, and the down-regulation of bcl-2 caused by HP were confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting. These results indicated that HP is a strong inducer of apoptosis in osteoarthritic human chondrocytes in vitro.
Resilient Pathways to Atomic Attachment of Quantum Dot Dimers and Artificial Solids from Faceted CdSe Quantum Dot Building Blocks (2019)

The goal of this work is to identify favored pathways for preparation of defect-resilient attached wurtzite CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals. We seek guidelines for oriented attachment of faceted nanocrystals that are most likely to yield pairs of nanocrystals with either few or no electronic defects or electronic defects that are in and of themselves desirable and stable. Using a combination of <i>in situ</i> high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electronic structure calculations, we evaluate the relative merits of atomic attachment of wurtzite CdSe nanocrystals on the {11̅00} or {112̅0} family of facets. Pairwise attachment on either facet can lead to perfect interfaces, provided the nanocrystal facets are perfectly flat and the angles between the nanocrystals can adjust during the assembly. Considering defective attachment, we observe for {11̅00} facet attachment that only one type of edge dislocation forms, creating deep hole traps. For {112̅0} facet attachment, we observe that four distinct types of extended defects form, some of which lead to deep hole traps whereas others only to shallow hole traps. HRTEM movies of the dislocation dynamics show that dislocations at {11̅00} interfaces can be removed, albeit slowly. Whereas only some extended defects at {112̅0} interfaces could be removed, others were trapped at the interface. Based on these insights, we identify the most resilient pathways to atomic attachment of pairs of wurtzite CdX nanocrystals and consider how these insights can translate to the creation of electronically useful materials from quantum dots with other crystal structures.
Spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for hip fracture repair: a longitudinal observation of 741 elderly patients during 2-year follow-up. (2000)

The Baltimore Hip Studies, a multicenter, noninterventional, observational trial, provided an opportunity to investigate the effects of anesthetic technique on the long-term outcome of elderly patients after hip fracture repair. Detailed interviews assessing functional status and pain were conducted during the hospital stay. Out-of-hospital evaluations were repeated after the procedure at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months with a portable gait and balance laboratory. Multivariate analysis was done to determine the effects of anesthetic technique on functional and other outcomes, after controlling for multiple baseline variables. Of 741 enrolled patients who completed the study, 430 and 311 patients received spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia, respectively. Subgroup analysis of three spinal anesthetics, tetracaine, lidocaine, and epinephrine, was also done. In the present large observational study, general anesthesia was at least as efficacious as spinal anesthesia, and possibly better, in affording good long-term outcome.
Total L-5 spondylectomy and reconstruction of the lumbosacral junction (2007)

The authors describe a technique for total L-5 spondylectomy and reconstruction of the lumbosacral junction. The technique, which involves separately staged posterior and anterior procedures, is reported in two patients harboring neoplasms that involved the L-5 level. The first stage consisted of a posterior approach with removal of all posterior bone elements of L-5 and radical L4-5 and L5-S 1 discectomies. Lumbosacral and lumbopelvic instrumentation included pedicle screws as well as iliac screws or a transiliac rod. The second stage consisted of an anterior approach with mobilization of vascular structures, completion of L4-5 and L5-S1 discectomies, and removal of the L-5 vertebral body. Anterior lumbosacral reconstruction included placement of a distractable cage and tension band between L-4 and S-1. Allograft bone was used for fusion in both stages. No significant complications were encountered. At more than 1 year of follow-up, both patients were independently ambulatory, without evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease, and adequate lumbosacral alignment was maintained. The authors conclude that this technique can be safely performed in appropriately selected patients with neoplasms involving L-5.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Electron Deficient Alkenes Mediated by Chiral Sulfides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Benzoin and Stetter Reactions (2011)

Abstract Review: 42 refs.
How to Choose the Right Inhaler Using a Patient-Centric Approach? (2022)

There are many different inhaler devices and medications on the market for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with over 230 drug-delivery system combinations available. However, despite the abundance of effective treatment options, the achieved disease control in clinical practice often remains unsatisfactory. In this context, a key determining factor is the match or mismatch of an inhalation device with the characteristics or needs of an individual patient. Indeed, to date, no ideal device exists that fits all patients, and a personalized approach needs to be considered. Several useful choice-guiding algorithms have been developed in the recent years to improve inhaler-patient matching, but a comprehensive tool that translates the multifactorial complexity of inhalation therapy into a user-friendly algorithm is still lacking. To address this, a multidisciplinary expert panel has developed an evidence-based practical treatment tool that allows a straightforward way of choosing the right inhaler for each patient.
Cellular localization of PDGF mRNAs in developing human forebrain (1998)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the processes regulating gliogenesis in the CNS. Conflicting in vivo data in rodents have variously implicated either glia or neurons as being the primary source of PDGF. We have used in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical analysis to study the in vivo expression and cellular localization of PDGF-A, sis/PDGF-B, together with the two PDGF receptors alpha and beta, in developing human forebrain. In this study we demonstrate the strong expression of mRNA and protein of both PDGF chains, A and B, and their receptors, alpha and beta, in human embryonic glial cells. The neurons, in contrast to glial cells, expressed lower levels of PDGF and PDGF-receptor mRNAs and protein. Identification of the cell types expressing the PDGF and PDGF-receptor mRNAs was achieved by counterstaining with antibodies specific for glial cells (GFAP) and neurons (NF). The predominant glial-specific expression of both PDGF-A and PDGF-B, together with the coexpression of their receptors alpha and beta, suggests an important role for the PDGF isoforms in the development of human embryonic glial cells and neurons in vivo.
The beta 3-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster is essential for viability and fertility. (1990)

We have previously shown that the beta 3-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a divergent isoform expressed in a complex developmental pattern. The beta 3 gene is transiently expressed in the embryo and again in the pupa at high levels in the developing musculature, and at lower levels in several different pupal tissues of ectodermal origin. Adult expression is confined to specific somatic cells in the gonads. In some of the cell types in which it is expressed, beta 3 is the sole or predominant beta-tubulin, while in others the beta 3 protein is a minor component of the beta-tubulin pool. The sites and timing of beta 3 expression demonstrated that beta 3-tubulin is utilized primarily in cytoplasmic microtubule arrays involved in changes in cell shape and tissue organization, and suggested to us that this isoform may be functionally specialized. To determine whether the expression of the beta 3 gene is essential for normal development, and to examine the specific functions of this divergent isoform, we have generated mutations within the gene. We determined that the small deficiency Df(2R)Px2, which deletes the 60C5,6-60D9,10 region of chromosome 2, removes all of the beta 3 coding sequences, and that the distal breakpoint of the deficiency is approximately 2 kb upstream from the start of transcription of the beta 3 gene. We have generated a total of 31 ethyl methanesulfonate- or diepoxybutane-induced recessive lethal or visible mutations which map within the deficiency. These mutations define 12 new lethal complementation groups, which together with two previously identified visible mutations, altogether identify 14 genes in this interval of the second chromosome. A lethal complementation group comprising mutations in the beta 3-tubulin gene (beta Tub60D) was identified by rescue of their lethality by a wild-type copy of the gene introduced into the genome via P element-mediated germ line transformation. Analysis of the homozygous and transheterozygous phenotypes of the five beta 3 mutations recovered (alleles designated B3t1-B3t5) demonstrates that beta 3-tubulin is essential for viability and fertility.
Development and characterization of silane antisticking layers on nickel-based stamps designed for nanoimprint lithography (2005)

In this study we will report on the development of a process to establish antisticking layers on nickel-based stamps, which are used in several industrial applications of nanoimprint lithography or related methods. The fluorinated alkyl silane films have been deposited onto different Ni-based stamp surfaces in order to minimize the adhesion tendency at the stamp/polymer interface. Film thickness, chemical composition, purity, and binding mechanisms of the silane groups to different stamp surface materials have been determined by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the case of electroplated nickel stamps—where low imprint qualities are observed—multilayer thick films cover the stamp surfaces, consisting of polymerized, cross-linked alkyl silanes, which are poorly bound to the surface. In order to overcome these restrictions a 100 Å thick polycrystalline titanium layer has been established in a sandwich position between the nickel substrate and the silane film. Here, silane film thicknesses in the monomolecular region together with evidences for strong covalent linkage between the silane groups and the oxidized Ti surface can be concluded from the XPS results, leading to film properties and imprint qualities, which are comparable to those formerly observed for silicon stamps.
Standards For Manure Management Systems (2014)

The presentation was given at the 2012 Got Manure Tradeshow and Conference, where the opportunity was given to participants to learn about anaerobic digestion and other viable manure management, handling and treatment options. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/dm/proceedings_orders.html or by calling (607) 255-4285.