gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High‐Yield Approach to the Sulfonation of Methane to Methanesulfonic Acid Initiated by H2O2 and a Metal Chloride (2003)

Bei niedrigen Temperaturen und Drücken gelingt die Sulfonierung von Methan mit einem geeigneten Katalysator und Radikalstarter [Gl. (1); MSA=Methansulfonsäure]. Die Weiterentwicklung dieser Reaktion zum industriellen Prozess erscheint vielversprechend: Der Initiator-Komplex ist sowohl stabil, als auch leicht zu handhaben, und der RhCl3-Katalysator kann zurückgewonnen werden.
Multipotent perivascular mesenchymal stem cells in the human brain (2013)

K questions in adult stem cell biology revolve around origin, tissue home and physiological role of adult stem cell populations. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have remained elusive with regard to their in vivo physiology. Recent observations suggest that almost all adult tissues contain mesenchymal-like progenitors in a perivascular niche. Those cells can differentiate into mesodermal cell types and may even be endowed with tissue specific differentiation capacities. We have isolated and characterized a previously unrecognized progenitor cell population in the adult human brain. This cell population exhibits characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (CD105, CD90, CD73, CD29) but in its native state does not express hematopoetic (CD34, CD45), endothelial (CD31), microglial (CD14, CD11b), glial and neuronal progenitor markers (GFAP, O4). We demonstrate at a clonal level, that the progenitors have true multilineage potential not only towards a mesodermal but also neuroectodermal phenotype and can differentiate into neurons. Thus, the vasculature in the adult human brain contains progenitor cells with multilineage capacity that may represent a reservoir that can be exploited in attempts to repair the damaged or diseased brain.
Lessons and key results from 30 years of imaging spectroscopy (2014)

Spectroscopy was first used in 1814 by Joseph von Fraunhofer as a scientific method for discovery, and to develop and test scientific hypotheses. From this beginning, spectroscopy evolved to a broadly used analytical tool for both science and applications. In the 1970’s, technology began to enable a class of instruments that measure spectra for every point in an image. The first airborne imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory flew in 1982. Subsequently, a wide range of imaging spectrometers have been developed, many at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, for airborne and space platforms and they have participated in NASA mission throughout the solar system. A key lesson over this time period has been the broad applicability of imaging spectrometers to pursue a range of science and application objectives wherever there is relevant signal in the spectral range from the ultra violet to the thermal infrared. As with all optical imaging instruments, imaging spectrometers have spectral, radiometric and spatial characteristics and related requirements. Of these, uniformity, radiometric precision, and calibration have been identified as critically important for the science and application utility of imaging spectrometer instruments. These key requirements are enabling for the most advanced imaging spectrometer algorithms that retrieve parameters with units and quantifiable uncertainties. The current trend in imaging spectrometer instrumentation is for broader spectral coverage and wider swath while improving uniformity, precision, and calibration. A companion emphasis is for lower mass, power and volume, with instruments taking advantage of the latest detector, optical, electronics and computational technologies. The number of imaging spectrometers in use is increasing every year and this trend is on track to continue.
Profitabilities of Some Mating Systems for Dairy Herds in New Zealand (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the profitability of dairy herds under three mating systems involving the Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, and Ayrshire breeds. Mating systems were straight breeding and rotational cross-breeding using two or three breeds. A deterministic model was developed to simulate the nutritional, biological, and economic performance of dairy herds under New Zealand conditions. Expected performances per cow were obtained using estimates of breed group and heterosis effects, age effects, and age distribution in the herd. Requirements for dry matter in feed were estimated per cow for maintenance, lactation, pregnancy, and growth of the replacements. Stocking rate was calculated by assuming 12,000 kg of dry matter utilized annually per hectare. Productivity per hectare was calculated as performance per cow multiplied by stocking rate. Profitability was the difference between income (sale of milk and salvage value of animals) and costs (related to the number of cows in the herd and the land area farmed). Under current market values for milk and meat, all of the rotational crossbred herds showed superior profitability to the straightbred herds (Holstein-Friesian x Jersey, NZ$505/ha; Holstein-Friesian x Jersey x Ayrshire NZ$493/ha; Jersey x Ayrshire, NZ$466/ha; Holstein-Friesian x Ayrshire, NZ$430/ha; Jersey, NZ$430/ha; Holstein-Friesian, NZ$398/ha; and Ayrshire, NZ$338/ha). Changes in the value for fat relative to protein affected profitability more significantly in herds using the Jersey breed, and changes in the value for meat affected profitabiity more significantly in herds using the Holstein-Friesian and Ayrshire breeds. Results suggested that, under New Zealand conditions, the use of rotational crossbreeding systems could increase profitability of dairy herds under the conceivable market conditions.
Fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid metabolism in vitreous lipids from canine and human eyes (1986)

About 55% of the acyl groups of dog and human vitreous are unsaturated fatty acids. The major components are oleate (18:1, n-9) and arachidonate (20:4, n-6) with moderate amounts of linoleate (18:2, n-6) and docosahexaenoate (22:6, n-3). Palmitate (16:0) and stearate (18:0) are the major saturated fatty acids. There are no significant changes between ages 37-82 years in the fatty acyl group content and composition of human vitreous. In vitreous from Irish setters with hereditary rod-cone dysplasia (RCD) the levels of oleate are decreased with a concomitant increase in arachidonate. [1-14C]Arachidonic acid was actively incorporated into canine vitreous glycerolipids both in vitro and in vivo. The incorporation was mainly into phosphatidylinositol, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. There were some differences in the pattern of incorporation between human and dog and between in vivo and in vitro incubations of canine vitreous. Glycerolipid acylation was significantly increased in phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine in RCD canine vitreous. The pattern of incorporation of [U-14C]docosahexaenoic acid into vitreous glycerolipids was different from arachidonic acid incorporation. Although vitreous did not produce any measurable enzymatic synthesis of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products from [1-14C]-arachidonic acid in vitro, there was significant generation of autooxidation products. These results suggest an active lipid metabolism in vitreous.
An operator theory approach to discrete time-frequency distributions (2002)

The theoretical link between a discrete-time sequence and its discrete-time/discrete-frequency representation has heretofore been established via a uniform sampling of their continuous-time counterparts. We provide a direct link between the two which we establish using the concepts of operator theory. We see that many similarities, but also some important differences, exist between the results of the continuous-time operator approach and our discrete one. The differences between the continuous distributions and discrete ones may not be the simple sampling relationship which has so often been assumed. Through basic matrix operations, discrete-time/discrete-frequency distributions can be generated using our operators, and we show that: (a) key properties like positivity are much easier to formulate and solve in the discrete case, and (b) while proper quadratic distributions are not possible using the Fourier transform, they do indeed exist for other transforms.
Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: a review (2015)

Idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) is a rare disease characterized of intrahepatic portal hypertension in the absence of cirrhosis or other causes of liver disease and splanchnic venous thrombosis. The etiology of INCPH can be classified in five categories: 1) immunological disorders (i.e. association with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome, connective tissue diseases, Crohn's disease, etc.), 2) chronic infections, 3) exposure to medications or toxins (e.g. azathioprine, 6- thioguanine, arsenic), 4) genetic predisposition (i.e. familial aggregation and association with Adams-Oliver syndrome and Turner disease) and 5) prothrombotic conditions (e.g. inherited thrombophilias myeloproliferative neoplasm antiphospholipid syndrome). Roughly, INCPH diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and the formal exclusion of any other causes of portal hypertension. A formal diagnosis is based on the following criteria: 1) presence of unequivocal signs of portal hypertension, 2) absence of cirrhosis, advanced fibrosis or other causes of chronic liver diseases, and 3) absence of thrombosis of the hepatic veins or of the portal vein at imaging. Patients with INCPH usually present with signs or symptoms of portal hypertension such as gastro-esophageal varices, variceal bleeding or splenomegaly. Ascites and/or liver failure can occur in the context of precipitating factors. The development of portal vein thrombosis is common. Survival is manly limited by concomitant disorders. Currently, treatment of INCPH relies on the prevention of complications related to portal hypertension, following current guidelines of cirrhotic portal hypertension. No treatment has been studied aimed to modify the natural history of the disease. Anticoagulation therapy can be considered in patients who develop portal vein thrombosis.
Editorial: Human and Animal Models for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration: Challenges and Opportunities From South America (2018)

CONICET \t &#13;\nCONICYT/FONDECYT \t&#13;\n1170010 &#13;\nFONDAP \t&#13;\n15150012 &#13;\nINECO Foundation \t &#13;\nInteramerican Development Bank (IDB)
Progress in Pyelonephritis. (1966)

This record of the second international symposium on pyelonephritis documents recent investigations of the prevalence, etiology, and significance of urinary tract infections. Although some parts of the book such as that related to the renal lesion caused by analgesic abuse will be of little concern to most pediatricians, other sections will be of considerable interest. The frequency of bacteriuria in the female population is emphasized by a number of surveys of school children, pregnant women, and family constellations. Methods of detecting bacteriuria are reviewed, and the superiority of quantitative urine cultures over chemical tests and smears is again apparent. The possibility of differentiating bladder from renal infections by an increase in specific antibody titer and loss of concentration ability in the latter is suggested. A large proportion of urinary tract infections are shown to be caused by a few nephropathogenic serotypes of<i>Escherichia coli</i>, but the frequency of infection with
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Interfacial Properties of Binary Carbon Dioxide−Water Systems (2004)

We have measured the interfacial tension (γ) between H2O and CO2 with a drop tensiometer that permitted us to regulate the drop area and to perform elasticity measurements. We observed that γ decreased with time and with the CO2 pressure. We first analyzed the adsorption of CO2 onto surface water by plotting the initial interfacial tension (γ0) versus CO2 fugacity and applied Gibbs and then Langmuir-Freundlich equations. We have calculated the interfacial area occupied by CO2 molecules onto H2O as well as the equilibrium constant and the thermodynamics parameters of adsorption. This permitted us to understand that the CO2 was adsorbed onto the surface water by formation of a one-to-one H-type complex with H2O. Second, we attributed the kinetics phenomena to the formation of interfacial clusters between water and CO2, which gave interfacial quasi-crystalline structure as shown by compression of the drop area at the end of the adsorption kinetics. We studied this interfacial organization by measuring the apparent elasticity versus time and CO2 pressure. This measurement allowed us to propose an interfacial organization based on the formation of small blocks, which grow to fill the interface, as already observed by Teng and al.1 Then we determined the filling of the clusters cavities by analyzing the difference between γ0 and γeq (Δγ) by means of the Hill equation. This permitted us to determine that this filling depended on temperature and was cooperative.
Spata19 is critical for sperm mitochondrial function and male fertility (2015)

Haploid round spermatids undergo differentiation and morphogenesis during spermiogenesis, resulting in mature spermatozoa. The molecular details underlying this transformation, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated and analyzed germ cell-specific Spata19 knockout mice (Spata19(flox/flox) ; Stra8-Cre; hereafter termed "Spata19 cKO") to assess the model that SPATA19 contributes to mitochondrial function in differentiating spermatids. Spata19-cKO males were infertile, as their sperm exhibited disorganized mitochondrial structure; furthermore, their sperm-abundance of mitochondrial proteins, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, and ATP levels were significantly reduced. Yet, the infertility of Spata19-cKO males was rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, so the sperm are capable of initiating development. Collectively, our findings suggest that SPATA19 plays an important role in sperm motility by regulating the organization and function of the mitochondria.
Ambient Monitoring of Gait and Machine Learning Models for Dynamic and Short-Term Falls Risk Assessment in People With Dementia (2021)

Data consists of baseline clinical assessments of gait, mobility, and fall risk at the time of admission of 54 adults with dementia. Furthermore, it includes the participants' daily medication intake in three medication categories, and frequent assessments of gait performed via a computer vision-based ambient monitoring system.
Can Choroidal Engorgement Temporarily Protect Astronauts Against Optic Disc Edema? (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue
Quantum friction in arbitrarily directed motion (2017)

Quantum friction, the electromagnetic fluctuation-induced frictional force decelerating an atom which moves past a macroscopic dielectric body, has so far eluded experimental evidence despite more than three decades of theoretical studies. Inspired by the recent finding that dynamical corrections to such an atom's internal dynamics are enhanced by one order of magnitude for vertical motion---compared with the paradigmatic setup of parallel motion---we generalize quantum friction calculations to arbitrary angles between the atom's direction of motion and the surface in front of which it moves. Motivated by the disagreement between quantum friction calculations based on Markovian quantum master equations and time-dependent perturbation theory, we carry out our derivations of the quantum frictional force for arbitrary angles by employing both methods and compare them.
Genetic Analysis of Giant Cell Tumors of the Axial/Appendicular and Maxillofacial Skeleton (2014)

Peacock, Zachary S. MD, FACS; Schwab, Joseph H. MD, MS; Faquin, William C. MD, PhD; Hornicek, Francis J. MD, PhD; Ebb, David H. MD; Kaban, Leonard B. MD, FACS Author Information
Implicit Life Event Discovery From Call Transcripts Using Temporal Input Transformation Network (2019)

Customer-agent conversations (i.e. call transcripts) are invaluable source for companies as they convey direct information from their customers implicit and explicit behaviour. Identifying customer-related events is an important task in customer services which is possible from the call transcripts. However, call centers produces a vast amount of transcripts which makes the manual or semi-manual processing of such raw datasets quite challenging. Furthermore, customer-agent call transcripts tend not to explicitly denote events that might be beneficial to customer services. Albeit being highly researched across multiple domains in the literature, event detection, especially implicit life event detection have not been well examined from call transcripts due to a lack of proper large-scale dataset. In this research, we propose a novel deep learning approach based on latent topic modeling and deep recurrent neural networks with memory units to automatically detect implicit events from a customer's history of call transcripts. These implicit events are detected prior to the report date of that event thereby not containing any explicit topic/feature. We provide a case study on a real-life, large-scale data of more than 800K call transcripts from a large financial services company in the U.S. to examine the practical features and challenges of this problem. The evaluation results demonstrate the potential applicability of our implicit life event detection as it achieves a macro-recall score of 53 (macro-f1 of 47.5) on a highly imbalanced test set, negative samples are 95% of the data. Our model beats the the state-of-the-art text classification benchmarks by macro-f1 score of 5.6 and macro-recall of 8.8 on average, and performs better than the ensemble of all single-document and sequential classification benchmarks albeit being significantly less complex. The comparison results show the importance as well as our model's capability of capturing the mutual information of a sequence of call transcripts in detecting the implicit life events.
adhA in Aspergillus parasiticus Is Involved in Conversion of 5′-Hydroxyaverantin to Averufin (2000)

Two routes for the conversion of 5'-hydroxyaverantin (HAVN) to averufin (AVF) in the synthesis of aflatoxin have been proposed. One involves the dehydration of HAVN to the lactone averufanin (AVNN), which is then oxidized to AVF. Another requires dehydrogenation of HAVN to 5'-ketoaverantin, the open-chain form of AVF, which then cyclizes spontaneously to AVF. We isolated a gene, adhA, from the aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus SU-1. The deduced ADHA amino acid sequence contained two conserved motifs found in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases-a glycine-rich loop (GXXXGXG) that is necessary for interaction with NAD(+)-NADP(+), and the motif YXXXK, which is found at the active site. A. parasiticus SU-1, which produces aflatoxins, has two copies of adhA (adhA1), whereas A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, a strain that accumulates O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST), has only one copy. Disruption of adhA in SRRC 2043 resulted in a strain that accumulates predominantly HAVN. This result suggests that ADHA is involved in the dehydrogenation of HAVN to AVF. Those adhA disruptants that still made small amounts of OMST also accumulated other metabolites, including AVNN, after prolonged culture.
Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an update (2014)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. One of its most devastating complications is the development of thromboembolism leading to fatal or disabling stroke. Oral anticoagulation (OAC, warfarin) is the standard treatment for stroke prevention in patients with AF with an increased stroke risk. However, there are several obstacles to long-term OAC therapy, including the risk of serious bleeding, several drug-drug interactions and the need for frequent blood testing. Although newer oral anticoagulants have been developed, these drugs also face issues of major bleeding and non-compliance. Therefore, alternative treatment options for stroke prevention in patients with AF with a high stroke risk are needed. Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion is an evolving therapy, which should be taken into consideration in those patients with non-valvular AF with a high stroke risk and contraindications for OAC. This article aims to discuss the rationale for LAA closure, the available LAA occlusion devices and their clinical evidence until now. Moreover, we discuss the importance of proper patient selection, the role of various imaging techniques and the need for a more tailored postprocedural antithrombotic therapy.
Les plantes, sources d’acides gras essentiels oméga 3 (2004)

L’acide α-linolénique (ALA) fait partie de la famille des acides gras dits oméga 3. Il est dit essentiel parce qu’il ne peut pas être synthétisé dans notre organisme et doit donc être fourni par l’alimentation. Les plantes, sous forme de fruits, de légumes verts, de graines ou d’huiles issues de ces graines constituent une source majeure d’ALA. Cette synthèse a pour but de rappeler l’importance relative des végétaux quant à leur capacité à nous fournir des acides gras essentiels. Elle vise à faire le point sur les différentes voies développées par l’industrie agroalimentaire et à envisager les développements futurs.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving (2018)

Reinforcement learning has steadily improved and outperform human in lots of traditional games since the resurgence of deep neural network. However, these success is not easy to be copied to autonomous driving because the state spaces in real world are extreme complex and action spaces are continuous and fine control is required. Moreover, the autonomous driving vehicles must also keep functional safety under the complex environments. To deal with these challenges, we first adopt the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, which has the capacity to handle complex state and action spaces in continuous domain. We then choose The Open Racing Car Simulator (TORCS) as our environment to avoid physical damage. Meanwhile, we select a set of appropriate sensor information from TORCS and design our own rewarder. In order to fit DDPG algorithm to TORCS, we design our network architecture for both actor and critic inside DDPG paradigm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, We evaluate on different modes in TORCS and show both quantitative and qualitative results.
Mesoscopic limit cycles in coupled nanolasers (2019)

Two coupled semiconductor nanolasers exhibit a mode switching transition, theoretically characterized by limit cycle $-$or mode-beating$-$ oscillations. Their decay rate is vanishingly small in the thermodynamic limit, i.e. when the spontaneous emission noise $\beta$-factor tends to zero. We provide experimental evidence of mesoscopic limit cycles $-$with $\sim 10^3$ intracavity photons$-$ through photon statistics measurements. We first show that the order parameter quantifying the limit cycle amplitude can be reconstructed from the mode intensity statistics. As a main result we observe a maximum of the averaged amplitude at the mode switching, accounting for limit cycle oscillations. We finally relate this maximum to a dip of mode cross-correlations, reaching a minimum of $g_{ij}^{(2)}=2/3$, which we show to be a mesoscopic limit. Coupled nanolasers are thus an appealing testbed for the investigation of spontaneous breaking of time-translation symmetry in presence of strong quantum fluctuations.