gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relevance of the surface chemistry of 'Cryptosporidium' Oocysts to water treatment (2000)

The removal of 'Cryptosporidium parvum' from potable water supplies has come under increasing public, scientific and legislative scrutiny in developed countries. The Sydney water crisis of 1998 generated considerable focus on the performance of treatment plants. There is therefore a local and international imperative in understanding the phenomenon of 'Cryptosporidium' breakthrough in water treatment plants. The use of microelectrophoresis to study 'Cryptosporidium' oocysts enables electrostatic potential and oocyst surface charge to be monitored on exposure to water treatment chemicals such as ferric chloride, alum and polydadmacs. Zeta potentials for 'Cryptosporidium' oocysts in equilibrium with 3.3mg/L FeCl3 over the pH range 3 to 9 were similar to oocysts in the absence of FeCl3. This strongly suggests that even though ferric hydroxide flocs were formed in the presence of 'Cryptosporidium' oocysts, neither they nor the hydroxylated iron species in solution were adsorbed to the oocyst surface. It is postulated that the predominant mechanism for oocyst removal, when using FeCl3 as coagulant, is entirely by physical entrapment of oocysts in the ferric floc matrix. Magnafloc LT35, a coagulation aid, readily adsorbed to the ferric flocs at pH values below 7 ie where ferric flocs were also positively charged, indicating specific adsorption even against an electrostatic barrier. Zeta potentials measured as a function of pH for alum floc alone and in the presence of 'Cryptosporidium' oocysts were found to be similar, suggesting that there may be a specific chemical interaction between oocysts and alum flocs. It appears, alum coagulation may take place via chemisorption and charge neutralisation at the oocyst surface. The preparative processes for commercially available oocysts, including the use of surfactants, preservatives, and / or antimicrobial agents, were found to affect the surface charge of oocysts and consequently their physical interactions with chemicals used in water treatment.
Display of the self-sufficient CYP102A1 on the surface of E. coli -derived Outer Membrane Vesicles (2021)

Abstract The cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase superfamily offers the unique ability to catalyze regio-and stereospecifical oxidation of a non-activated C-H bond. CYPs found applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and drug metabolites as well as in bioremediation. They are typically used in whole-cell bioconversion processes, due to their low stability and the need for a redox partner and cofactor. Unfortunately, substrate uptake and/or product transport limitations are frequently encountered and side reactions occur due to other enzymes in the cellular environment. Here, we present a proof-of-principle of a novel cell-free cytochrome P-450 nanocatalyst based on surface display on bacterial outer membrane vesicles. The self-sufficient CYP 102A1 from Bacillus megaterium was engineered to be translocated on the outer membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli . The resulting vesicles can simply be isolated from the culture supernatant. Moreover, no expensive and elaborate enzyme purification is required. This approach shows great promise as an alternative strategy to recombinantly produce CYP enzymes for a variety of applications, such as in fine chemical production and in the development of biosensors.
A Phi Class Glutathione S-transferase from Oryza sativa (OsGSTF5): Molecular Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characteristics (2007)

A glutathione S-transferase (GST) related to the phi (F) class of enzymes only found in plants has been cloned from the Oryza sativa. The GST cDNA was cloned by PCR using oligonucleotide primers based on the OsGSTF5 (GenBank Accession No. AF309382) sequences. The cDNA was composed of a 669-bp open reading frame encoding for 223 amino acids. The deduced peptide of this gene shared on overall identity of 75% with other known phi class GST sequences. On the other hands, the OsGSTF5 sequence showed only 34% identity with the sequence of the OsGSTF3 cloned by our previous study (Cho et al., 2005). This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli with the pET vector system and the gene product was purified to homogeneity by GSH-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The expressed OsGSTF5 formed a homo-dimer composed of 28 kDa subunit and its pI value was approximately 7.8. The expressed OsGSTF5 displayed glutathione conjugation activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane and glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. The OsGSTF5 also had high activities towards the herbicides alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor. The OsGSTF5 was highly sensitive to inhibition by ShexylGSH, benastatin A and hematin. We propose from these results that the expressed OsGSTF5 is a phi class GST and appears to play a role in the conjugation of herbicide and GPOX activity.
Global hypomethylation in childhood asthma identified by genome‐wide DNA‐methylation sequencing preferentially affects enhancer regions (2023)

This is the first epigenetic study based on whole genome sequencing to identify marked dysregulation of enhancer regions as a hallmark of childhood asthma.
Cytokeratins as Markers of Follicular Differentiation (2001)

Trichoblastoma(s) (TB) are benign neoplasms of follicular differentiation frequently found in nevus sebaceus. Many morphologic features are shared with nodular basal cell carcinoma(s) (BCC), sometimes rendering the differential diagnosis difficult. Because both neoplasms can simulate components of mature hair follicles histologically, we attempted to corroborate this by immunohistochemical examination of cytokeratins and hair keratins differentially expressed in the hair follicle. Trichoblastoma(s) and BCC showed homogenous expression of CK14 and CK17. The innermost cells of the tumor nodules in all TB and in 72% of BCC were positive for CK6hf. Using a specific CK15 antibody, 38% of TB showed a focal labeling and all BCC remained negative; 70% of TB and 22% of BCC expressed CK19. CK8 was expressed by numerous Merkel cells present in all TB but in none of the BCC examined. All type I and II hair keratins tested, (especially hHa1, hHa5, and hHa8) remained negative in all tumors examined. Trichoblastoma(s) and BCC show consistent expression of CK6hf, CK14, and CK17; variable expression of CK15 and CK19; and absence of hair keratins. This indicates a differentiation toward the outer root sheath epithelium or the companion layer and not toward the inner root sheath, matrix, or cortex.
Opportunistic Job Sharing For Mobile Cloud Computing (2014)

Cloud Computing is the evolution of new business era which is covered with many of technologies.These technology are taking advantage of economies of scale and multi tenancy which are used to decrees the cost of information technology resources.Many of the organization are eager to reduce their computing cost through the means of virtualization.This demand of reducing the computing cost and time has led to the innovation of Cloud Computing.Itenhanced computing through improved deployment and infrastructure costs and processing time.Mobile computing & its applications in smart phones enable a new, rich user experience.Due to extreme usage of limited resources in smart phones it create problems which are battery problems, memory space and CPU.To solve this problem, we propose a dynamic mobile cloud computing architecture framework to use global resources instead of local resources.In this proposed framework the usefulness of job sharing workload at runtime reduces the load at the local client and the dynamic throughput time of the job through Wi-Fi Connectivity.
A phase II trial of celecoxib in PSA recurrent prostate cancer after definitive radiation therapy (XRT) or radical prostatectomy (RP) (2004)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 199(3):p 100-101, September 2004. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.05.226
Optimal bilevel scheduling of electric vehicles in distribution system using dynamic pricing (2016)

The integration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) and the electrification of devices raise new challenges for the distribution system operator (DSO). This paper assesses PAR versus cost tradeoff when scheduling an electric vehicle (EV) fleet. We formulate a bilevel Mixed-Integer Linear Programming optimization problem. At the lower level, we minimize individual household electricity bills using dynamic pricings. At the upper level, we aim to smooth the power load curve of a typical Brussels MV/LV transformer. We show that a small deviation from cost-only optimization can reduce significantly the Peak-to-Average Ratio of the power load curve of a transformer. Harnessing load flexibility from EV allows the DSO to manage the transformer load to avoid grid congestion and also incentivizes load aggregators to participate in the ancillary services market.
One-Step Synthesis of a 12CaO[middle dot]7Al2O3 Electride via the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Method (2011)

Polycrystalline C12A7 electrides were successfully synthesized via spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. C22− ions, generated from graphite by the spark plasma, presumably serve as a template for the formation of the C12A7 phase during the re-crystallization process and are spontaneously released from the cage of C12A7 during the SPS process, remaining mobile electrons in the cage. The polycrystalline C12A7 electride processed at 1100°C exhibits an electrical resistivity of 1.7 × 10−1 Ω·cm−1, an electron concentration of 5.3 × 1019/cm3 and optical absorptions of 0.4 eV and 2.7 eV at room temperature.
Surrogate benchmarks for hyperparameter optimization (2014)

Abstract. Since hyperparameter optimization is crucial for achiev-ing peak performance with many machine learning algorithms, an active research community has formed around this problem in the last few years. The evaluation of new hyperparameter optimization techniques against the state of the art requires a set of benchmarks. Because such evaluations can be very expensive, early experiments are often performed using synthetic test functions rather than using real-world hyperparameter optimization problems. However, there can be a wide gap between the two kinds of problems. In this work, we introduce another option: cheap-to-evaluate surrogates of real hyperparameter optimization benchmarks that share the same hyper-parameter spaces and feature similar response surfaces. Specifically, we train regression models on data describing a machine learning algorithm’s performance under a wide range of hyperparameter con-figurations, and then cheaply evaluate hyperparameter optimization methods using the model’s performance predictions in lieu of the real algorithm. We evaluate the effectiveness for using a wide range of regression techniques to build these surrogate benchmarks, both in terms of how well they predict the performance of new configurations and of how much they affect the overall performance of hyperparame-ter optimizers. Overall, we found that surrogate benchmarks based on random forests performed best: for benchmarks with few hyperparam-eters they yielded almost perfect surrogates, and for benchmarks with more complex hyperparameter spaces they still yielded surrogates that were qualitatively similar to the real benchmarks they model. 1
Anti-tumor cytotoxic potential and effect on human bone marrow GM-CFU of human LAK cells generated in response to various cytokines. (1992)

The effects of various recombinant cytokines i.e. IL-1 alpha, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF used either alone or in combination with IL-2, were investigated in this study. First, their capacity to induce killer cells from human PBL was examined by evaluating the degree of killing of human NK-sensitive K562 or NK-resistant Daudi cells. Second the effects of these cytokines, LAK cells (at 1/1, 2/1, 4/1 ratio LAK effectors/bone marrow cell targets) and of the supernatants from washed killer cell cultures, were examined on the colony forming ability of human bone marrow for GM-CFU in vitro. Various degrees of NK activity against K562 was observed in PBL stimulated with the cytokines, whereas LAK activity was found only with IL-2 alone. Culture of PBL with IL-2 + IL-1 alpha or IL-2 + IL-6 or IL-2 + GM-CSF resulted in the highest LAK killing. However, addition of TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma to IL-2 in cultures resulted in a significant suppression of LAK cell activity. Addition of IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-3, and IL-4 to BM cultures had little or no effect on day 14 GM-CFU, whereas addition of IL-6 and GM-CSF resulted in a stimulatory effect. LAK cells induced with IL-2 alone had no significant suppressive effects on GM-CFU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Energy transfer system utilizing amorphous wires for implantable medical devices (1995)

The design of an inductively coupled coil for transcutaneous energy transmission over the wide range of electrical power from 1 mW to 20 W is described. The implantable coils with amorphous wires have features such as: thin and flexible shape, a low temperature rise of 3 degrees in the case of the transmission of 20 watts. The coils were applied to an artificial heart system and a functional electrical stimulation system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Predicting dialogue acts for a speech-to-speech translation system (1996)

We present the application of statistical language modeling methods for the prediction of the next dialogue act. This prediction is used by different modules of the speech-to-speech translation system VERBMOBIL. The statistical approach uses deleted interpolation of n-gram frequencies as basis and determines the interpolation weights by a modified version of the standard optimization algorithm. Additionally, we present and evaluate different approaches to improve the prediction process, e.g. including knowledge from a dialogue grammar. Evaluation shows that including the speaker information and mirroring the data delivers the best results.
Influência da monensina no consumo e na fermentação ruminal em bovinos recebendo dietas com teores baixo e alto de proteína (2005)

Foram utilizados quatro novilhos holandeses fistulados no rúmen e alimentados quatro vezes ao dia (8, 11, 14 e 17 h) com dietas contendo teores baixo e alto de proteína (baixo e alto), com e sem monensina, totalizando quatro dietas experimentais (tratamentos), com o intuito de se verificar a influência da monensina sobre o consumo e a fermentação ruminal. As dietas contendo teores de proteína possuíam, respectivamente, 11,4 e 16,5% de proteína bruta na matéria seca e eram constituídas por 65% de feno de capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) e 35% de concentrado, sendo o concentrado da dieta com baixo teor protéico à base de milho e uréia e o da dieta com alto teor protéico à base de milho e farelo de soja. O nível de ionóforo utilizado foi de 28 mg de monensina/kg de MS consumida. As amostras de líquido ruminal foram coletadas diariamente às 13 h. Utilizou-se delineamento em quadrado latino, com quatro tratamentos (dietas) e quatro animais. As dietas com alto teor protéico proporcionaram aumento da concentração ruminal do ácido butírico e da amônia. O fornecimento de monensina sódica, independentemente do teor protéico das dietas, promoveu diminuição no consumo de matéria seca, aumento na concentração de ácido propiônico e redução do teor de ácido butírico, da relação acetato:propionato e da atividade específica de produção de amônia. A monensina, quando associada à dieta com baixo teor protéico, também ocasionou diminuição da concentração do ácido acético e elevação do pH e da síntese de proteína microbiana ruminal. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas na concentração de amônia ruminal com a inclusão de monensina.
Modulation of Viscoelastic and Absorption Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-graphene Oxide Composites (2021)

PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol))/GO (graphene oxide) composites were prepared by mixing the PVA aqueous solution and GO aqueous dispersion through the freezing–thawing method. The morphology and chemical structure of GO and composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Viscoelastic and swelling properties and absorption capacities of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) were studied as a function of initial concentration of PVA and GO and the number of freezing–thawing cycles. The highest improvement in linear viscoelastic properties of PVA/GO composites was observed with the increase of GO concentration. Experimental data of the kinetic study of MB absorption were well fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and it was clearly shown that the greatest enhancement of MB absorption was also achieved by increasing the GO concentration. A correlation between swelling, absorption, and viscoelastic and structural properties of PVA/GO composites was proposed.
Detection of Combustion Resonance Using an Ion Current Sensor in Diesel Engines (2012)

This paper discusses the use of an ion current sensor to detect combustion resonance in a heavy duty direct injection diesel engine. A modified glow plug is used to measure the ion current in addition to its main function in warming up the combustion chamber. A comparison is made between the combustion resonance determined from the signals of an ion current sensor, a cylinder pressure transducer, and an engine vibration sensor. Experiments are conducted on a four cylinder, turbocharged 4.5 liter diesel engine to determine the potential of using the ion current sensor to detect combustion resonance under different injection pressures and exhaust gas recirculation rates. It is concluded that the ion current signal can be used to determine the timing, amplitude, frequency, and duration of the resonance. The sensor output has the potential to be used as a feedback signal to the ECU (electronic control unit) to minimize engine vibration and noise.
Electronic Communications and the 2002 Revisions to the Model Rules (2002)

The Internet has been around for decades, but it wasn't until the mid-1990's that we started to see the legal profession begin to make use of this emerging technology.In essence, a number of things that made this happen came together in the mid-1990's.Commercial sites were permitted, content became visually attractive and hardware became affordable to businesses as well as to home users. 2 People were able to easily communicate and access information on the Internet and the legal profession took advantage of this asset.However, as law firms began to communicate on the Internet and have a presence on the Web, many questions faced lawyers regarding applicable legal ethics rules.In particular, what were considered to be permissible practices?The rules that governed our legal profession were primarily written in the early 1980's 3 and consequently, were not targeted towards these new ways of communicating electronically in a boundary-less medium.Unsure of how to conduct themselves, lawyers began to seek guidance from their state ethics committees.Lawyers would pose specific factual questions to their state committees and ask these committees for advice on whether or not they were permitted to engage in a particular practice.Since the law is a self-regulated profession in the United States, each state has rules that control and dictate the conduct of lawyers within its jurisdiction.4States undertook the task of defining which rules were applicable and how they should be interpreted.
Different mechanisms are implicated in ERBB2 gene overexpression in breast and in other cancers (2003)

The ERBB2 gene is overexpressed in 30% of breast cancers and this has been correlated with poor prognosis. ERBB2 is upregulated in other cancers such as prostate, pancreas, colon and ovary. In breast cancer cells, the mechanisms leading to ERBB2 gene overexpression are increased transcription and gene amplification. In these cancers, AP-2 transcription factors are involved in ERBB2 overexpression, and AP-2 levels are correlated with p185(c-)(erbB-2) levels. In this work, we wanted to know if the same molecular mechanisms are responsible for the ERBB2 upregulation in non-breast cancers. We compared ERBB2 gene copy number, p185(c-)(erbB-2) and mRNA levels with AP-2 levels in several ovary, prostate, colon and pancreas cancer cells. A moderate expression of erbB-2 mRNA and protein were observed in some cells without gene amplification. In contrast to breast cancer cells, AP-2 factors were absent or low in some non-breast cells which did express ERBB2. It is thus likely that AP-2 is not a major player in the increased levels of erbB-2 transcripts in non-breast cancer cells. The transcriptional activity of the ERBB2 promoter in colon and ovary cancer cells was estimated using reporter vectors. The results showed that the promoter regions involved in ERBB2 gene overexpression in breast cancer cells are different from those that lead to the gene upregulation in colon and ovary cancers. In conclusion, our results indicate that different transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for the increased levels of erbB-2 transcript and protein in breast and non-breast cancer cells.
General Method for the Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation of Aliphatic Alcohols (2003)

A palladium catalysis-mediated approach to coupling aliphatic alcohols with allyl carbonates has been developed. The method allows for the allylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols efficiently under mild conditions. Limitations were explored as well as the asymmetric application of the chemistry. Regiochemical and olefin geometry was controlled in the coupling of unsymmetrical allylating agents. Transient allyl carbonates were observed in the coupling, which comprised the trans-carboxylation of the allyl-carbonate with the requisite alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Change of Gallium Enables Highly Reversible and Switchable Adhesion. (2016)

Abstract Elastomer posts (PDMS, 0.5—1.75 mm diameter) are dip‐coated with liquid Ga (34 °C, 8.3 kPa preload pressure to break the oxide layer) followed by solidifying the Ga layer and formation of a new oxide layer on the Ga droplet in air.