gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discourse Pragmatics in Task-Oriented Natural Language Interfaces (2018)

This paper reviews discourse phenomena that occur frequently in task-oriented man-machine dialogs, reporting on an empirical study that demonstrates the necessity of handling ellipsis, anaphora, extragrammaticality, inter-sentential metalanguage, and other abbreviatory devices in order to achieve convivial user interaction. Invariably, users <em>prefer </em>to <em>generate terse </em>or fragmentary utterances instead of longer, more complete "stand-alone" expressions, even when given clear instructions tO the contrary. The XCALIBUR exbert system interface is designed to meet these needs, including generalized ellipsis resolution by means of a rule-based caseframe method superior to previous semantic grammar approaches.
Notes- Reaction of Ethylene Oxide with Sulfur Trioxide (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Reaction of Ethylene Oxide with Sulfur TrioxideG HamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 5, 864Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online14 March 2003Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01075a627https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01075a627research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) usage for Trickle ICE (2014)

The Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) protocol describes a
Network Address Translator (NAT) traversal mechanism for UDP-based
multimedia sessions established with the offer/answer model. The ICE
extension for Incremental Provisioning of Candidates (Trickle ICE)
defines a mechanism that allows ICE agents to shorten session
establishment delays by making the candidate gathering and
connectivity checking phases of ICE non-blocking and by executing them
in parallel. This document defines usage semantics for Trickle ICE
with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
Solution stability of linear vs. cyclic RGD peptides (1999)

Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides contain an aspartic acid residue that is highly susceptible to chemical degradation and leads to the loss of biological activity. Our hypothesis is that cyclization of RGD peptides via disulphide bond linkage can induce structural rigidity, thereby preventing degradation mediated by the aspartic acid residue. In this paper, we compared the solution stability of a linear peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-OH; 1) and a cyclic peptide (cyclo-(1, 6)-Ac-Cys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Pen-NH2; 2) as a function of pH and buffer concentration. The decomposition of both peptides was studied in buffers ranging from pH 2-12 at 50 degrees C. Reversed-phase HPLC was used as the main tool in determining the degradation rates and pathways of both peptides. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to characterize peptides 1 and 2 and their degradation products. In addition, co-elution with authentic samples was used to identify degradation products. Both peptides displayed pseudo-first-order kinetics at all pH values studied. The cyclic peptide 2 appeared to be 30-fold more stable than the linear peptide 1 at pH 7. The degradation mechanisms of linear (1) and cyclic (2) peptides primarily involved the aspartic acid residue. However, above pH 8 the stability of the cyclic peptide decreased dramatically due to disulphide bond degradation. Both peptides also exhibited a change in degradation mechanism upon an increase in pH. The increase in stability of cyclic peptide 2 compared to linear peptide 1, especially at neutral pH, may be due to decreased structural flexibility imposed by the ring. This rigidity would prevent the Asp side chain carboxylic acid from orientating itself in the appropriate position for attack on the peptide backbone.
PDPN marks a subset of aggressive and radiation-resistant glioblastoma cells (2022)

Treatment-resistant glioma stem cells are thought to propagate and drive growth of malignant gliomas, but their markers and our ability to target them specifically are not well understood. We demonstrate that podoplanin (PDPN) expression is an independent prognostic marker in gliomas across multiple independent patient cohorts comprising both high- and low-grade gliomas. Knockdown of PDPN radiosensitized glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells (GSCs). Clonogenic assays and xenograft experiments revealed that PDPN expression was associated with radiotherapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness. We further demonstrate that knockdown of PDPN in GSCs <i>in vivo</i> is sufficient to improve overall survival in an intracranial xenograft mouse model. PDPN therefore identifies a subset of aggressive, treatment-resistant glioma cells responsible for radiation resistance and may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
Characterization of unsaturated polyester resin cured with styrene (1998)

In this work, the curing kinetic of an unsaturated polyester resin, mixed with styrene as curing agent, was studied by means of diffential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Investigations were made in situ during curing and post-curing periods. The enthalpy (ΔHcop) characterizing the styrene homopolymerization and its copolymerization with the polyester chains was determined from isothermal DSC investigations. The residual enthalpy (ΔHres) was determined from nonisothermal DSC measurements. We find that the quantity (ΔHres + ΔHcop) depends on the curing temperature (Tiso). Styrene homopolymerization and/or copolymerization lead to characteristic bonds modifications. The variations of the most characteristic bonds versus curing duration were studied from Fourier transform IR investigations. The data allow the determination of a relationship between transformation rate and curing duration using a time constant (τ) characteristic of each reaction involved during the liquid to solid-state transformation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 695–703, 1998
Ignition Delay in the Dual Fuel Engine (1987)

Tests have been conducted on a special compression ignition research engine to investigate the effects of gaseous fuels on the ignition delay in dual fuel engines. Diesel oil, n-heptane, or cetane were used as pilot fuels, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane were inducted in the intake manifold. Induction of nitrogen was used as a reference to eliminate the influence of changes in oxygen concentration and specific heats. Helium was inducted in additional tests. From the results of a number of parameter variations, the cylinder charge temperature (determined by intake temperature and compression ratio), the pilot fuel amount, and the flow of combustible gas were found to have the most significant influence on the ignition delay.
Endemicity of Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and mapping reveals stability of transmission in endemic foci for a multi-host parasite system (2021)

Paragonimiasis is caused by zoonotic trematodes of Paragonimus spp., found in Asia, the Americas and Africa, particularly in tropical regions. These parasites have a complex, multi-host life cycle, with mammalian definitive hosts and larval stages cycling through two intermediate hosts (snails and freshwater decapod crustaceans). In Africa, paragonimiasis is particularly neglected, and remains the only human parasitic disease without a fully characterised life cycle. However paragonimiasis has potentially significant impacts on public health in Africa, and prevalence has likely been underestimated through under-reporting and misdiagnosis as tuberculosis due to a similar clinical presentation. We identified the need to synthesise current knowledge and map endemic foci for African Paragonimus spp. together with Poikilorchis congolensis, a rare, taxonomically distant trematode with a similar distribution and morphology. We present the first systematic review of the literature relating to African paragonimiasis, combined with mapping of all reported occurrences of Paragonimus spp. throughout Africa, from the 1910s to the present. In human surveys, numerous reports of significant recent transmission in Southeast Nigeria were uncovered, with high prevalence and intensity of infection. Overall prevalence was significantly higher for P. uterobilateralis compared to P. africanus across studies. The potential endemicity of P. africanus in Côte d'Ivoire is also reported. In freshwater crab intermediate hosts, differences in prevalence and intensity of either P. uterobilateralis or P. africanus were evident across genera and species, suggesting differences in susceptibility. Mapping showed temporal stability of endemic foci, with the majority of known occurrences of Paragonimus found in the rainforest zone of West and Central Africa, but with several outliers elsewhere on the continent. This suggests substantial under sampling and localised infection where potential host distributions overlap. Our review highlights the urgent need for increased sampling in active disease foci in Africa, particularly using molecular analysis to fully characterise Paragonimus species and their hosts.
CompNet: a GUI based tool for comparison of multiple biological interaction networks (2016)

CompNet is expected to be a valuable visual data mining tool and is freely available for academic use from http://metagenomics.atc.tcs.com/compnet/ or http://121.241.184.233/compnet/.
<title>Silicon diffraction gratings for use in the far and extreme ultraviolet</title> (1997)

We report the fabrication and evaluation of silicon diffraction gratings for use in the far- and extreme- ultraviolet. An interference technique was used to expose a layer of photoresist on a 10 cm silicon wafer in a series of parallel strips. V-shaped grooves were then etched into the wafer anisotropically. Diffraction efficiencies for a first pair of gratings at groove periods of 1.0 and 2.5 micrometers were measured. The process leaves much room for refinement, but shows promise in that the gratings produce clear diffraction orders with reasonable efficiency and have groove facets free of pitting or sharp ridges.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Antifungal Cyclic Depsipeptides Sch 57697 (Ia) and Aureobasidin A (Ib). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Utilizing bacteriophage to define the minimum residence time within a plug flow reactor (2021)

As part of a viral mitigating strategy for continuous bioprocessing, that utilizes a plug flow reactor (PFR) for continuous viral inactivation (CVI), understanding the minimum residence time as a function of reactor scale and operational conditions is critical. An empirical-based model was utilized to calculate the minimum duration a virus particle experiences within a plug flow reactor as a function of reactor design and operational conditions. This empirical model's calculations were challenged by pulse injecting the bacteriophage ΦX-174 in non-inactivating conditions and monitoring the discharge of the PFR with infectivity assays. The initial proposed empirical model, with the constraint of requiring an operational Dean number of >100, proved to be effective at calculating first breakthrough of ΦX-174 but only for the appropriate Dean number conditions. With the knowledge gained from the first empirical model, a second was generated to eliminate the Dean number constraint. This second modified empirical model proved to be successful at calculating the first breakthrough at all Dean number's tested, however CVI operation at the lower Dean's number will lead to an increased asymmetry (i.e., increased tailing) in the residence time distribution.
A neutron-diffraction study of K2Pb[Cu(NO2)6], an example of a regular octahedral copper(II) complex (1967)

N. W. Isaacs, C. H. L. Kennard and D. A. Wheeler, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 587 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000587
Nitrogen Inversion as a Diastereomeric Relay in Azasugar Synthesis: The First Synthesis of Adenophorine. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint at 7.0 T Using High-Permittivity Dielectric Pads (2015)

The application of high-permittivity dielectric pads improves the local B1+ field and thus the SNR, optimizing TMJ magnetic resonance imaging at 7.0 T.
Construction of a Ka-Band Cusp Gun Second-Harmonic Gyro-TWT Amplifier (2006)

A novel Ka‐Band TE21 second‐harmonic gyro‐TWT amplifier with a large‐orbit axis‐encircling beam from a Northrop Grumman Cusp gun is being fabricated and tested at UCD. The device is predicted to produce 50 kW with 20% efficiency, 30 dB saturated gain and 3% bandwidth.
Forecasting methods for cloud hosted resources, a comparison (2015)

The emergence of cloud management systems, and the adoption of elastic cloud services enable dynamic adjustment of cloud hosted resources and provisioning. In order to effectively provision for dynamic workloads presented on cloud platforms, an accurate forecast of the load on the cloud resources is required. In this paper, we investigate various forecasting methods presented in recent research, identify and adapt evaluation metrics used in literature and compare forecasting methods on prediction performance. We investigate the performance gain of ensemble models when combining three of the best performing models into one model. We find that our 30th order Auto-regression model and Feed-Forward Neural Network method perform the best when evaluated on Google's Cluster dataset and using the provision specific metrics identified. We also show an improvement in forecasting accuracy when evaluating two ensemble models.
Exploiting conceptual modeling for web application quality evaluation (2004)

This paper presents an approach and a toolset for exploiting the benefits of conceptual modeling in the quality evaluation tasks that take place both before the deployment and during the operational life of a Web application. The full version of the paper is available as a technical report at the address: http://www.elet.polimi.it/upload/fraterna/FLMM2004.pdf.
Potential Neuroprotective Therapy for Glaucoma (1999)

SUMMARY Glaucoma is often associated with high intraocular pressure (lOP), but continues to progress even after normalization of IOP. We have suggested that such progression is at least partly due to delayed degeneration of spared neurons by their exposure to the degenerative milieu created by degenerating neurons, the primary victims ofhigh IOP. The extent of delayed (secondary) degeneration is apparently a function of the severity of the primary insult, which affects the level of toxicity mediators and the spared neurons’ susceptibility to them. We developed a model of adult rat partial optic nerve lesion to quantify the extent of primary and secondary damage, respectively, and find out why patients with severe pre-existing damage are more prone to deterioration than patients without pre-existing visual loss. The model also screens compounds for neuroprotective efficacy. Our findings support our suggestion that glaucoma therapy should consist of a combination of neuroprotection and ocular hypotensive therapy.
Simultaneous Quantitation and Validation of Triterpenoids and Phytosteroids in Phaseolus angularis Seeds (2014)

A reproducible analytical method using reverse-phase high liquid performance chromatography combined with UV detecting was developed for the quantitative determination of four compounds isolated from the ethanol extract of Phaseolus angularis seeds (PASE): oleanolic acid (1), oleanolic acid acetate (2), stigmasterol (3) and β-sitosterol (4). This method was fully validated in terms of linearity (r2 > 0.999), accuracy (98.5%-100.8%), precision (<0.92%), LOD (<0.0035 mg/mL), and LOQ (<0.0115 mg/mL). The effects of the PASE and isolated compounds 1-4 on TLR4 activation were tested in THP1-Blue cells. Among the tested substances, compound 2 showed potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.89 ± 0.17 µM.
MERS-CoV and H5N1 influenza virus antagonize antigen presentation by altering the epigenetic landscape (2018)

Convergent evolution dictates that diverse groups of viruses will target both similar and distinct host pathways to manipulate the immune response and improve infection. In this study, we sought to leverage this uneven viral antagonism to identify critical host factors that govern disease outcome. Utilizing a systems-based approach, we examined differential regulation of IFN-γ-dependent genes following infection with robust respiratory viruses including influenza viruses [A/influenza/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1-VN1203) and A/influenza/California/04/2009 (H1N1-CA04)] and coronaviruses [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV)]. Categorizing by function, we observed down-regulation of gene expression associated with antigen presentation following both H5N1-VN1203 and MERS-CoV infection. Further examination revealed global down-regulation of antigen-presentation gene expression, which was confirmed by proteomics for both H5N1-VN1203 and MERS-CoV infection. Importantly, epigenetic analysis suggested that DNA methylation, rather than histone modification, plays a crucial role in MERS-CoV-mediated antagonism of antigen-presentation gene expression; in contrast, H5N1-VN1203 likely utilizes a combination of epigenetic mechanisms to target antigen presentation. Together, the results indicate a common mechanism utilized by H5N1-VN1203 and MERS-CoV to modulate antigen presentation and the host adaptive immune response.
Experimental MTI with spaceborne geometries (1997)

Airborne or spaceborne surveillance radars provide powerful tools for addressing a variety of ground surveillance activities from terrain height mapping to moving target detection. This range of different activities may in principle all be performed by a single radar system designed to operate in a variety of different modes. Whilst the concept of operating in different modes on a common radar is straightforward the implementation and optimisation of the overall design is not. The research presented here deals with the addition of a GMTI (ground moving target indication) mode onto a SAR ground imaging radar. The two conflicting design requirements can be dealt with using multiple along-track beams: a horizontal interferometric configuration. This allows the GMTI mode to operate in a manner that will allow acceptable moving target detection performance to be recovered from a sideways-looking SAR system. The interferometric multi-beam configuration enables space-time adaptive processing (STAP) solutions to be applied in order to differentiate between unwanted static clutter and slowly moving targets of interest.
Effects of in Vivo Administration of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Human Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Oxygen Metabolism (1988)

Effects of in Vivo Administration of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Human Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Oxygen Metabolism Get access E. Stephen Buescher, E. Stephen Buescher The Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, and the Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, the M. D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, Texas Please address requests for reprints to Dr. E. Stephen Buescher, University of Texas Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Room 1.724, Houston, Texas 77025. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sarah M. McIlheran, Sarah M. McIlheran The Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, and the Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, the M. D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Saroj Vadhan Raj Saroj Vadhan Raj The Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, and the Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, the M. D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 5, November 1988, Pages 1141–1142, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.5.1140 Published: 01 November 1988
Biphasic Action of Phospholipase A in Collagen-Stimulated Rat Platelets (1987)

The formation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in collagen-stimulated rat platelets was successfully divided into two stages, an initial and a second one, by the specific TXA2 receptor antagonist, ONO3708. In the presence of this antagonist, only the initial TXA2 production was observed, without the subsequent platelet shape change and aggregation. Collagen causes the specific cleavage of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the initial stage, whereas in the absence of the antagonist, it caused decrease in the arachidonic acid levels in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PI with concomitant formation of the respective lyso-forms. These results demonstrate that phospholipase A (PLA) preferentially acts on PI to release arachidonic acid which leads to the initial TXA2 production, which might be a trigger for the second release of arachidonic acid from PE and PI.