gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociable control of unconditioned responses and associative fear learning by parabrachial CGRP neurons (2020)

Abstract Parabrachial CGRP neurons receive diverse threat-related signals and contribute to multiple phases of adaptive threat responses, with their inactivation attenuating both unconditioned behavioral responses to somatic pain and fear-memory formation. Because CGRP PBN neurons respond broadly to multi-modal threats, it remains unknown how these distinct adaptive processes are individually engaged. We show that while three partially separable subsets of CGRP PBN neurons broadly collateralize to their respective downstream partners, individual projections accomplish distinct functions: hypothalamic and extended amygdalar projections elicit assorted unconditioned threat responses including autonomic arousal, anxiety, and freezing behavior, while thalamic and basal forebrain projections generate freezing behavior and, unexpectedly, contribute to associative fear learning. Moreover, the unconditioned responses generated by individual projections are complementary, with simultaneous activation of multiple sites driving profound freezing behavior and bradycardia that are not elicited by any individual projection. This semi-parallel, scalable connectivity schema likely contributes to flexible control of threat responses in unpredictable environments.
Interleukin-2 enhances the response of natural killer cells to interleukin-12 through up-regulation of the interleukin-12 receptor and STAT4 (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-12 plays a critical role in modulating the activities of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes. In animal models, IL-12 has potent antitumor effects that are likely mediated by its ability to enhance the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and to induce the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by NK and T cells. In addition to IL-12, NK cells are responsive to IL-2, and may mediate some of the antitumor effects of IL-2. In this study, we examine the interaction between IL-2 and the signaling events induced by IL-12 in NK cells. We find that IL-2 not only up-regulates the expression of IL-12Rbeta1 and IL-12Rbeta2, it also plays an important role in up-regulating and maintaining the expression of STAT4, a critical STAT protein involved in IL-12 signaling in NK cells. In contrast to the effects of IL-2 alone, expression of IL-12 receptors and STAT4 are unaffected or decreased by IL-12 or the combination of IL-2 and IL-12. Through expression of high levels of IL-12 receptors and STAT4, IL-2-primed NK cells show enhanced functional responses to IL-12 as measured by IFN-gamma production and the killing of target cells. NK cells from cancer patients who received low-dose IL-2 treatment also exhibited increased expression of IL-12 receptor chains, suggesting that IL-2 may enhance the response to IL-12 in vivo. These findings provide a molecular framework to understand the interaction between IL-2 and IL-12 in NK cells, and suggest strategies for improving the effectiveness of these cytokines in the immunotherapy of cancer.
Smooth muscle cell-specific Notch1 haploinsufficiency restricts the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm by modulating CTGF expression (2017)

Our data suggest that lack of Notch1 in SMCs limits dilation of the abdominal aorta by maintaining contractile SMC-phenotype and preventing matrix-remodeling.
Shear-Wave Elastography Assessments of Quadriceps Stiffness Changes prior to, during and after Prolonged Exercise: A Longitudinal Study during an Extreme Mountain Ultra-Marathon (2016)

In sports medicine, there is increasing interest in quantifying the elastic properties of skeletal muscle, especially during extreme muscular stimulation, to improve our understanding of the impact of alterations in skeletal muscle stiffness on resulting pain or injuries, as well as the mechanisms underlying the relationships between these parameters. Our main objective was to determine whether real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) can monitor changes in quadriceps muscle elasticity during an extreme mountain ultra-marathon, a powerful mechanical stress model. Our study involved 50 volunteers participating in an extreme mountain marathon (distance: 330 km, elevation: +24,000 m). Quantitative SWE velocity and shear modulus measurements were performed in most superficial quadriceps muscle heads at the following 4 time points: before the race, halfway through the race, upon finishing the race and after recovery (+48 h). Blood biomarker levels were also measured. A significant decrease in the quadriceps shear modulus was observed upon finishing the race (3.31±0.61 kPa) (p<0.001) compared to baseline (3.56±0.63 kPa), followed by a partial recovery +48 h after the race (3.45±0.6 kPa) (p = 0.002) across all muscle heads, as well as for each of the following three muscle heads: the rectus femoris (p = 0.003), the vastus medialis (p = 0.033) and the vastus lateralis (p = 0.001). Our study is the first to assess changes in muscle stiffness during prolonged extreme physical endurance exercises based on shear modulus measurements using non-invasive SWE. We concluded that decreases in stiffness, which may have resulted from quadriceps overuse in the setting of supra-physiological stress caused by the extreme distance and unique elevation of the race, may have been responsible for the development of inflammation and muscle swelling. SWE may hence represent a promising tool for monitoring physiologic or pathological variations in muscle stiffness and may be useful for diagnosing and monitoring muscle changes.
Micelle-directed chiral seeded growth on anisotropic gold nanocrystals (2020)

Surfactant-assisted seeded growth of metal nanoparticles (NPs) can be engineered to produce anisotropic gold nanocrystals with high chiroptical activity through the templating effect of chiral micelles formed in the presence of dissymmetric cosurfactants. Mixed micelles adsorb on gold nanorods, forming quasihelical patterns that direct seeded growth into NPs with pronounced morphological and optical handedness. Sharp chiral wrinkles lead to chiral plasmon modes with high dissymmetry factors (~0.20). Through variation of the dimensions of chiral wrinkles, the chiroptical properties can be tuned within the visible and near-infrared electromagnetic spectrum. The micelle-directed mechanism allows extension to other systems, such as the seeded growth of chiral platinum shells on gold nanorods. This approach provides a reproducible, simple, and scalable method toward the fabrication of NPs with high chiral optical activity.
1,2,3-Benzotriazine 2-oxides (1988)

4-Methoxy-1,2,3-benzotriazine, like the 4-methyl and 4-phenyl compounds, forms the 2-oxide on N-oxidation; this is hydrolysed to the acidic 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine 2-oxide, which is N-methylated by diazomethane at the 3-position. The 4-methoxy 2-oxide was converted into 4-amino- and 4-hydrazine-derivatives. 5-Amino-3-methylisoxazole-2-carbonitrile forms 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-4-oxoisoxazolo[5,4-d]-1,2,3-triazine 2-oxide on reaction with nitric and sulphuric acids. The 15N n.m.r. spectra of some 1,2,3-benzotriazines and their N-oxides are reported.
Extrusion and Injection Moulded Microcellular Wood Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites (2004)

Microcellular processing techniques have been applied at an experimental level to both extrusion and injection moulding plastics processing, using wood fibre as reinforcing filler. The focus of the current research is the investigations of these processes using chemical foaming agents and comparative studies of physico-mechanical properties of materials. Results of using different chemical foaming agents (endothermic and exothermic), the variation of their content for producing wood fibre-polypropylene microfoamed composites and the effect of a coupling agent on the composites are presented. Microcells morphology, cell size, shape and distribution were investigated using scanning electron micrographs.
EYEDIAP Database: Data Description and Gaze Tracking Evaluation Benchmarks (2014)

The lack of a common benchmark for the evaluation of the gaze estimation task from RGB and RGB-D data is a serious limitation for distinguishing the advantages and disadvantages of the many proposed algorithms found in the literature. The EYEDIAP database intends to overcome this limitation by providing a common framework for the training and evaluation of gaze estimation approaches. In particular, this database has been designed to enable the evaluation of the robustness of algorithms with respect to the main challenges associated to this task: i) Head pose variations; ii) Person variation; iii) Changes in ambient and sensing conditions and iv) Types of target: screen or 3D object. This technical report contains an extended description of the database, we include the processing methodology for the elements provided along with the raw data, the database organization and additional benchmarks we consider relevant to evaluate diverse properties of a given gaze estimator.
Measurement set-up for the assessment of user impact on handheld terminal beyond 10 GHz (2017)

Handheld devices are strongly impacted by user effect, especially as millimeter waves are targeted for 5G. In order to design optimal antenna systems, the radiation measurement of the antenna performance with user effect beyond 10GHz is needed. The study present a test-bed enabling the measurement of 3D radiation pattern with the impact of a real human hand beyond 10GHz. The measurement of beamforming gain is also discussed.
THz near-field microscopy - A review (2006)

One of the major limitations of THz imaging is low spatial resolution. Consequently, various techniques have been proposed in the literature to break the diffraction limit. Many of the existing techniques draw inspiration from near-field scanning optical microscopy, while other techniques tightly focus optical beams to reduce the size of the generated THz beams. This paper reviews briefly the existing THz near-field methods and recent developments for identifying possible areas of research potential.
User recalled occurrences of usability errors (2003)

Usability testing determines what problems thwart goal attainment, but what problems shape the user experience? This study gathered users recalled instances of frustration from using various technologies and categorized those frustrating incidents with the User Action Framework, an adaptation of Norman's seven stages of action for classifying usability problems. We found that many of the recalled frustrating incidents occurred while the user was in the Outcome phase and that most of those incidents were intrusive in the user's cognitive flow.
Adaptive forwarding in named data networking (2012)

In Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture, packets carry data names rather than source or destination addresses. This change of paradigm leads to a new data plane: data consumers send out Interest packets, routers forward them and maintain the state of pending Interests, which is used to guide Data packets back to the consumers. NDN routers' forwarding process is able to detect network problems by observing the two-way traffic of Interest and Data packets, and explore multiple alternative paths without loops. This is in sharp contrast to today's IP forwarding process which follows a single path chosen by the routing process, with no adaptability of its own. In this paper we outline the design of NDN's adaptive forwarding, articulate its potential benefits, and identify open research issues.
A1adenosine receptor-mediated PKC and p42/p44 MAPK signaling in mouse coronary artery smooth muscle cells (2009)

The A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) is coupled to G(i)/G(o) proteins, but the downstream signaling pathways in smooth muscle cells are unclear. This study was performed in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) isolated from the mouse heart [A(1)AR wild type (A(1)WT) and A(1)AR knockout (A(1)KO)] to delineate A(1)AR signaling through the PKC pathway. In A(1)WT cells, treatment with (2S)-N(6)-(2-endo-norbornyl)adenosine (ENBA; 10(-5)M) increased A(1)AR expression by 150%, which was inhibited significantly by the A(1)AR antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (10(-6)M), but not in A(1)KO CASMCs. PKC isoforms were identified by Western blot analysis in the cytosolic and membrane fractions of cell homogenates of CASMCs. In A(1)WT and A(1)KO cells, significant levels of basal PKC-alpha were detected in the cytosolic fraction. Treatment with the A(1)AR agonist ENBA (10(-5)M) translocated PKC-alpha from the cytosolic to membrane fraction significantly in A(1)WT but not A(1)KO cells. Phospholipase C isoforms (betaI, betaIII, and gamma(1)) were analyzed using specific antibodies where ENBA treatment led to the increased expression of PLC-betaIII in A(1)WT CASMCs while having no effect in A(1)KO CASMCs. In A(1)WT cells, ENBA increased PKC-alpha expression and p42/p44 MAPK (ERK1/2) phospohorylation by 135% and 145%, respectively. These effects of ENBA were blocked by Gö-6976 (PKC-alpha inhibitor) and PD-98059 (p42/p44 MAPK inhibitor). We conclude that A(1)AR stimulation by ENBA activates the PKC-alpha signaling pathway, leading to p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation in CASMCs.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Spiro Compounds from Lactams by Allylboration and Subsequent Ring‐Closing Metathesis (2004)

Abstract A series of nitrogen‐containing spiro[4. n ]alkenes was prepared with excellent yields starting from lactams in two steps: allylboration on the carbonyl carbon and subsequent ring‐closing metathesis of the 2,2‐diallyl N‐heterocycles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Modified Polonovski reaction: application to the total synthesis of some indole alkaloids (1972)

Extension of a modified Polonovski reaction to the preparation of 5,6-dihydropyridinium ions provides a useful process for the preparation of new indole alkaloids of the antirhine and eburnane series, inter alia, and may also be of value for the preparation of other alkaloid systems.
Thermal effects - an alternative mechanism for plasmonic-assisted\n photo-catalysis (2019)

Recent experiments claimed that the enhancement of catalytic reaction rates\noccurs via the reduction of activation barriers driven by non-equilibrium\n(``hot'') electrons in plasmonic metal nanoparticles. These experiments place\nplasmonic photo-catalysis as a promising path for enhancing the efficiency of\nvarious chemical reactions. Here, we argue that what appears to be\nphoto-catalysis is in fact thermo-catalysis, driven by the well-known\nplasmon-enhanced ability of illuminated metallic nanoparticles to serve as heat\nsources. Specifically, we point to some of the most important papers in the\nfield, and show that a simple theory of illumination-induced heating can\nexplain the extracted experimental data to remarkable agreement, with minimal\nto no fit parameters. We further show that any small temperature difference\nbetween the photocatalysis experiment and a control experiment performed under\nuniform external heating is effectively amplified by the exponential\nsensitivity of the reaction, and very likely to be interpreted incorrectly as\n``hot'' electron effects.\n
BCG favours the INF-gamma production from naive T cells stimulated by Derp1-pulsed dendritic cells from allergic donors (2005)

International audience
Un occhio dall’alto con l’interferometria satellitare per monitorare operativamente fenomeni di subsidenza (2012)

Negli ultimi anni, una maggiore coscienza dell’impatto dell’uomo sull’ambiente ha portato le organizzazionipubbliche e private a misurare i cambiamenti ed agire per proteggere il nostro pianeta dagli effetti avversidell’attività umana. Uno dei molti cambiamenti per il quale le organizzazioni pubbliche hanno un particolareinteresse è il monitoraggio dei fenomeni di subsidenza o abbassamento della superficie del terreno. Eyes from Above: Satellite Interferometry Monitors Operational Subsidence In recent years, greater awareness of the intricate bondsamong humans and their environment has compelled publicand private organizations to survey changes and take action toprotect our world from adverse effects of human activity. Oneof the many changes the public has a vital interest in monitoringis subsidence, or the lowering of the ground surface.
Parallel Distributed Genetic Algorithms on PC Cluster Systems (2000)

In this study, the models of parallel distributed genetic algorithms are summarized and a new model of distributed genetic algorithm is proposed. The models of parallel distributed genetic algorithms are classified into three categories; those are a master slave model, a distributed GA model, and a cellular GA model. The models of master slave and distributed GA are suited for PC cluster systems. The characteristics of these models are compared and discussed thorough the numerical examples. From this comparison and discussion, a distributed GA model has higher searching ability and it is much suitable for PC cluster systems. We also proposed a new model of distributed GA; that is called "Dual Individual Genetic Algorithm : DuDGA". In this model, there are only two individuals. Because it is needles to set some parameters of distributed GAs in this model, this model is very useful for users. More than that, DuDGAs have high searching ability. This characteristics are also discussed through the numerical examples.
Application of Conventional Well Logs to Characterize Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (1998)

This study introduces a new practical and cost-effective technique to in-situ describes the most important petrophysical properties of naturally fractured reservoirs. Cores from naturally fractured formations may not berepresentative and thus the analysis are not reliable. Well logging interpretation of porosity and resistivity can provide the required in-situmeasurements.Here, formation total porosity, which may be estimated from conventional wireline logs, and cementation exponent, which can be determined from crossplotting log porosity versus log resistivity are the only two parameters required to uniquely derive resistivity factor, tortuosity, partitioning coefficient, fracture intensity index, matrix porosity, fracture porosity, and fracure storativity ratio for naturally fractured formations at reservoir conditions. Furthermore, these well log derived parameters are utilized along with correlated core data to express Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) in terms of partitioning coefficient and fracture intensity index. This RQI may be, then, used to characterize the different hydraulic (flow) units of naturally fractured reservoirs.The product of this novel approach is an easy, flexible, and cost effective method that is readily adaptable to different naturally fractured formations including clastics, carbonates, and basement. This study will present the theory, application example, and practical charts for estimating the various rock properties. Application of this technique may ultimately result in opening new potentials, particularly in carbonates, redrilling or reentering hydrocarbon bearing intervals that were bypassed.P. 417
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOCONTROLLED REARRANGEMENT OF SPECTINOMYCIN. THE STEREOCHEMICAL IDENTITY OF SPECTINOIC ACID (1981)

Abstract Spectinomycin (Ia) wird zu (Ib) substituiert und dann mit Eisessig zu (IIb) bzw. (IIa) umgelagert.
A Novel Potent Antagonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Blocks Adipocyte Differentiation But Does Not Revert the Phenotype of Terminally Differentiated Adipocytes (2001)

The antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, which include troglitazone and rosiglitazone, are ligands for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Their antihyperglycemic effects seem to be linked to the regulation of PPARgamma-responsive genes. Here, we report the characterization of a specific PPARgamma antagonist that blocks several of the biological activities of the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone. PD068235 inhibited rosiglitazone-dependent PPARgamma transcriptional activity with an IC(50) of 0.8 microM and rosiglitazone-stimulated in vitro coactivator association. The role of PPARgamma in the initiation of differentiation is well documented. In this study, we used PD068235 as a tool to evaluate the functional role of PPARgamma in the maintenance of the terminally differentiated state. Treatment of confluent, growth-arrested 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with PD068235 blocked adipocyte differentiation induced by the standard adipogenic hormonal mixture (insulin/dexamethasone/isobutylmethylxanthin) and fully antagonized rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. In contrast, long-term treatment of terminally differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with PD068235 did not induce any obvious morphological changes and had no effect on basal lipolysis rates. In addition, in fully differentiated adipocytes PD068235 did not alter the basal expression of PPARgamma target genes aP2 and CAP, but it effectively blocked rosiglitazone-induced expression of both genes. These results suggest that in terminally differentiated adipocytes, the PPARgamma activity is minimal and may not be required for the maintenance of PPARgamma target gene expression.
G-SIR: An Insider Attack Resilient Geo-Social Access Control Framework (2017)

Insider attacks are among the most dangerous and costly attacks to organizations. These attacks are carried out by individuals who are legitimately authorized to access the system. Preventing insider attacks is a daunting task. The recent proliferation of social media and mobile devices offer new opportunities to collect geo-social information that can help in detecting and deterring insider attacks. In particular, such geo-social information allows us to better understand the context and behavior of users. In this paper, we propose a Geo-Social Insider Threat Resilient Access Control Framework (G-SIR) to deter insider threats by including current and historic geo-social information as part of the access control decision process. We include policy constraints to manage the risks of colluding communities, proximity threats, and suspicious users while leveraging the presence of users around the requester to make an access decision. By examining users' geo-social behavior, we can detect those users whose access behavior deviates from the expected patterns; such suspicious behaviors can point to potential insider attackers who may deliberately or inadvertently carry out malicious activities. We use such information to establish how trustworthy a user is before granting access. We evaluate the G-SIR framework through extensive simulations and our results show that the proposed approach is efficient, scalable and effective.
Phénomènes de variation graphique dans un manuscrit du XIVe siècle : Le manuscrit A du Roman de Troie de Benoît de Sainte-Maure. Étude de l'emploi de h, x, y et z (2001)

Manen Pierre. Phénomènes de variation graphique dans un manuscrit du XIVe siècle : Le manuscrit A du Roman de Troie de Benoît de Sainte-Maure. Étude de l'emploi de h, x, y et z. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 91, 2001. pp. 3-8.