gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased training prevents the impairing effect of intra-amygdala infusion of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX on inhibitory avoidance expression (1999)

Intra-amygdala infusion of the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) prior to testing impairs inhibitory avoidance retention test performance. Increased training attenuates the impairing effects of amygdala lesions and intra-amygdala infusions of CNQX. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of additional training on the impairing effects of intra-amygdala CNQX on expression of the inhibitory avoidance task. Adult female Wistar rats bilaterally implanted with cannulae into the border between the central and the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala were submitted to a single session or to three training sessions (0.2 mA, 24-h interval between sessions) in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task. A retention test session was held 48 h after the last training. Ten minutes prior to the retention test session, the animals received a 0.5-microliter infusion of CNQX (0.5 microgram) or its vehicle (25% dimethylsulfoxide in saline). The CNQX infusion impaired, but did not block, retention test performance in animals submitted to a single training session. Additional training prevented the impairing effect of CNQX. The results suggest that amygdaloid non-NMDA receptors may not be critical for memory expression in animals given increased training.
Micro‐fractional, directional skin tightening: A porcine model (2015)

Significant minimally invasive skin tightening in a preferred direction can be achieved by removing skin with coring needles followed by wound closure. The direction of shrinkage is influenced by the direction of micro-hole closure, irrespective of the skin tension lines. This approach may allow reshaping the skin in a desired direction without scarring.
Improving ceramic additive manufacturing via machine learning‐enabled closed‐loop control (2021)

Abstract Advanced ceramic products are widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronic, laboratory equipment, and other industries. To achieve the geometric complexity and desirable properties that are difficult to obtain by conventional manufacturing methods, ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) methods have been studied intensively in recent years. However, the adaptive control with feedback is not currently implemented in any commercially available ceramic three‐dimensional printer. Robocasting is one of the most widely utilized constant‐volumetric‐flow AM processes for creating various ceramic materials at a low cost. This study employed robocasting as a model to implement an adaptive control with a feedback loop in the ceramic AM process. In this research, processing load that was proportional to the processing pressure, width of the print, and length of extrusion were selected to be representative of process signal, quality signal, and control parameter, respectively. First, a database of the load and extrusion length was established. An artificial neural network model was created using that established database. The data‐driven, closed‐loop control was integrated into the robocasting process. Finally, the improvement was validated by comparing the quality of the prints produced by both the closed‐loop process with the adaptive control and the open‐loop process without the adaptive control.
Outsourcing municipal services and skills transfer (2005)

Many municipalities are choosing to outsource service delivery for services such as water and 
waste management. The 'drivers' typically used to justify an outsourcing initiative include introducing 
capital investment, achieving value for money, appropriate risk transfer, greater efficiency and skills 
transfer. Some common dangers with outsourcing services include a potential loss of accountability, 
asset protection, threats to continuity of service provision and so on.
Functionalized di‐ and tetrathia‐crowns and their use to quantitatively separate and recover gold(III), palladium(II), silver(I) and mercury(II) Ions (1990)

Abstract Two new dithia‐crowns containing a hydroxy group and 1,4,7,10‐tetrathia‐18‐crown‐6 containing an allyl‐oxymethyl substituent were prepared in good yields. Two of these crowns were covalently attached to silica gel. The silica gel‐bound thia‐crowns were used to separate gold( III ), palladium( II ), silver( I ) and mercury( II ) ions from an aqueous 0.1 M nitric acid solution which also contained 1.0 M ferric chloride.
The MALDI Process and Method (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Analyte Incorporation Absorption of the Laser Radiation The Ablation/Desorption Process Ionization Fragmentation of MALDI Ions MALDI of Non-Covalent Complexes The Correct Choice of Matrix: Sample Preparation Surface Preparation Anchor Sample Plates References
TriCheck (2017)

Memory consistency models (MCMs) which govern inter-module interactions in a shared memory system, are a significant, yet often under-appreciated, aspect of system design. MCMs are defined at the various layers of the hardware-software stack, requiring thoroughly verified specifications, compilers, and implementations at the interfaces between layers. Current verification techniques evaluate segments of the system stack in isolation, such as proving compiler mappings from a high-level language (HLL) to an ISA or proving validity of a microarchitectural implementation of an ISA. This paper makes a case for full-stack MCM verification and provides a toolflow, TriCheck, capable of verifying that the HLL, compiler, ISA, and implementation collectively uphold MCM requirements. The work showcases TriCheck's ability to evaluate a proposed ISA MCM in order to ensure that each layer and each mapping is correct and complete. Specifically, we apply TriCheck to the open source RISC-V ISA [55], seeking to verify accurate, efficient, and legal compilations from C11. We uncover under-specifications and potential inefficiencies in the current RISC-V ISA documentation and identify possible solutions for each. As an example, we find that a RISC-V-compliant microarchitecture allows 144 outcomes forbidden by C11 to be observed out of 1,701 litmus tests examined. Overall, this paper demonstrates the necessity of full-stack verification for detecting MCM-related bugs in the hardware-software stack.
Differential EI fragmentation pathways for peracetylated C‐glycoside ketones as a consequence of bicyclic ketal ring structures (2007)

Several C-glycoside ketones and peracetylated C-glycoside ketones have been synthesized from 13 structurally-diverse aldoses sugars (including isotope labeled [1-(13)C]Glc, [U-(13)C]Glc, and [6, 6'-(2)H(2)]Glc) via an aqueous-based Knoevanagel condensation with aliphatic 1,3-diketones. Sodium adduct molecular ions observed by MALDI-TOF MS confirmed that the reactions are essentially quantitative, and that the acetylation products are the expected peracetylated C-glycoside ketones, rather than cyclized ketofurans. Analysis of the peracetylated C-glycoside ketones by gas chromatography-EI-MS show characteristic fragment ions that have been assigned to four distinct fragmentation pathways. Peracetylated aldohexose-, aldopentose-, and 6-deoxyaldohexose-C-glycoside ketones fragment via gas phase furanoid intermediates. These data, and DFT calculations, indicate that the furanoid intermediates arise because the peracetylated C-glycoside ketones adopt a bicyclic structure containing a 5-member ketal ring. This ketal ring is the precursor of the furanoid rings in the gas phase. The 2-deoxyhexose-C-glycoside ketones are unable to form an intramolecular 2-ketal bond, and therefore undergo ion fragmentations via nonfuranoid pathways.
Effects of a Plyometrics Intervention Program on Sprint Performance (2000)

ABSTRACTTo determine the effects of a sprint-specific plyometrics program on sprint performance, an 8-week training study consisting of 15 training sessions was conducted. Twenty-six male subjects completed the training. A plyometrics group (N = 10) performed sprint-specific plyometric exercises, wh
Synthetic Hollow Enzyme Loaded Nanospheres for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications (2013)

Although enzymes of non-human origin have been studied for a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic applications, including cancer, gout, diabetes, and various enzyme- deficiency disorders, their use in the clinic has been limited by the immune response generated against them and the challenges involved with their delivery and effective operation in vivo. We describe here a novel nanoparticle, the Synthetic Hollow Enzyme Loaded nanoSpheres (SHELS), that protects the encapsulated enzymes within its hollow interior, obviating an immune attack while allowing constant access to their substrates through its nanopores. The fabrication process of SHELS relies on is a template- based, versatile, scalable, and robust "nanomasking" patterning method that permits the realization of a dual- scale-porosity nanoparticle class well suited for the efficient loading and trapping of larger payloads while also enabling their interactions with smaller molecules through its nanoscale pores. In this dissertation, the unique capabilities and functionalities made possible by the nanomasking method and the SHELS platform are discussed and illustrated for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Specifically we provide : 1. a comprehensive evaluation and a detailed characterization of dual-scale porosity hollow nanoparticles fabricated using the novel nano-masking technique, 2. the evaluation of the relevant parameters of the SHELS platform for its successful implementation in the clinic, including : a. exquisite control in synthesis (nanoparticles with 100-500 nm diameters and 3-40 nm pore sizes), b. high enzyme entrapment capacity (\\textgreater 1.5 mg/g), c. efficient protection from antibody access and neutralization and shielding from proteolysis, d. unperturbed in vivo enzyme activity, and 3. results of preclinical studies demonstrating the potential usefulness of the SHELS platform to facilitate therapeutic formulations for various cancer types, and 4. results of ex vivo experiments conducted to demonstrate usefulness in diagnostic applications
Application of the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS) coupled with in silico modeling to measure the impact of Coca-Cola® on the luminal and systemic behavior of loratadine (BCS class 2b) (2020)

Mathematical codes for the GIS and two-compartmental PK model to predict luminal and systemic concentrations of loratadine, respectively.
Defect Mode Emission of a Dye Doped Cholesteric Polymer Network (2003)

We have observed enhanced fluorescence and laser emission due to a photonic defect mode in a dye doped cholesteric polymer network. The defect is caused by a phase jump of the cholesteric helix at the interface of two stacked layers of a cholesteric polymer film. Fluorescence spectra show an additional resonant mode inside the photonic stop band. Pulsed excitation gives rise to laser emission of the defect mode, with an exceptionally low lasing threshold. The defect mode emission has a circular polarization whose sense of rotation is opposite to that of the cholesteric helix.
Impaired capsaicin-induced relaxation of coronary arteries in a porcine model of the metabolic syndrome (2008)

Recent studies implicate channels of the transient receptor potential vanilloid family (e.g., TRPV1) in regulating vascular tone; however, little is known about these channels in the coronary circulation. Furthermore, it is unclear whether metabolic syndrome alters the function and/or expression of TRPV1. We tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 mediates coronary vasodilation through endothelium-dependent mechanisms that are impaired by the metabolic syndrome. Studies were conducted on coronary arteries from lean and obese male Ossabaw miniature swine. In lean pigs, capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, relaxed arteries in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 116 +/- 41 nM). Capsaicin-induced relaxation was blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, endothelial denudation, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, and K+ channel antagonists. Capsaicin-induced relaxation was impaired in rings from pigs with metabolic syndrome (91 +/- 4% vs. 51 +/- 10% relaxation at 100 microM). TRPV1 immunoreactivity was prominent in coronary endothelial cells. TRPV1 protein expression was decreased 40 +/- 11% in obese pigs. Capsaicin (100 microM) elicited divalent cation influx that was abolished in endothelial cells from obese pigs. These data indicate that TRPV1 channels are functionally expressed in the coronary circulation and mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilation through a mechanism involving nitric oxide and K+ channels. Impaired capsaicin-induced vasodilation in the metabolic syndrome is associated with decreased expression of TRPV1 and cation influx.
Using uterine activity to improve fetal heart rate variability analysis for detection of asphyxia during labor (2016)

During labor, uterine contractions can cause temporary oxygen deficiency for the fetus. In case of severe and prolonged oxygen deficiency this can lead to asphyxia. The currently used technique for detection of asphyxia, cardiotocography (CTG), suffers from a low specificity. Recent studies suggest that analysis of fetal heart rate variability (HRV) in addition to CTG can provide information on fetal distress. However, interpretation of fetal HRV during labor is difficult due to the influence of uterine contractions on fetal HRV. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate whether HRV features differ during contraction and rest periods, and whether these differences can improve the detection of asphyxia. To this end, a case-control study was performed, using 14 cases with asphyxia that were matched with 14 healthy fetuses. We did not find significant differences for individual HRV features when calculated over the fetal heart rate without separating contractions and rest periods (p > 0.30 for all HRV features). Separating contractions from rest periods did result in a significant difference. In particular the ratio between HRV features calculated during and outside contractions can improve discrimination between fetuses with and without asphyxia (p < 0.04 for three out of four ratio HRV features that were studied in this paper).
High-Temperature Gas Sensor Array (Electronic Nose) Demonstrated (2002)

The ability to measure emissions from aeronautic engines and in commercial applications such as automotive emission control and chemical process monitoring is a necessary first step if one is going to actively control those emissions. One single sensor will not give all the information necessary to determine the chemical composition of a high-temperature, harsh environment. Rather, an array of gas sensor arrays--in effect, a high-temperature electronic "nose"--is necessary to characterize the chemical constituents of a diverse, high-temperature environment, such as an emissions stream. The signals produced by this nose could be analyzed to determine the constituents of the emission stream. Although commercial electronic noses for near-room temperature applications exist, they often depend significantly on lower temperature materials or only one sensor type. A separate development effort necessary for a high-temperature electronic nose is being undertaken by the NASA Glenn Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio State University, and Makel Engineering, Inc. The sensors are specially designed for hightemperature environments. A first-generation high-temperature electronic nose has been demonstrated on a modified automotive engine. This nose sensor array was composed of sensors designed for hightemperature environments fabricated using microelectromechanical-systems- (MEMS-) based technology. The array included a tin-oxide-based sensor doped for nitrogen oxide (NOx) sensitivity, a SiC-based hydrocarbon (CxHy) sensor, and an oxygen sensor (O2). These sensors operate on different principles--resistor, diode, and electrochemical cell, respectively--and each sensor has very different responses to the individual gases in the environment. A picture showing the sensor head for the array is shown in the photograph on the left and the sensors installed in the engine are shown in the photograph on the right. Electronics are interfaced with the sensors for temperature control and signal conditioning, and packaging designed for high temperatures is necessary for the array to survive the engine environment.
The Relation Among Spinal Geometry on MRI, Paraspinal Electromyographic Abnormalities, and Age in Persons Referred for Electrodiagnostic Testing of Low Back Symptoms (2002)

The radiologist's overall impression is more accurate than axial image measurements in predicting paraspinal denervation. A combination score of the smallest two levels is the most accurate, perhaps relating to the vascular pathophysiology of stenosis. There is more denervation with increasing age in this symptomatic population.
Comparison of 4D, 2D, and 1D phase-contrast MRI quantification of aortic pulse wave velocity in healthy adults (2023)

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important measure of cardiovascular health, related to vascular stiffness. Aortic PWV can be evaluated with a variety of MRI methods, however a direct comparison of PWV results quantified from 4D flow, 2D phase contrast (PC), and 1D projection PC MRI has not been performed. Here, PWV derived from 4D, 2D, and 1D-PC MRI acquisitions and associated analysis strategies were compared in the aortic arch. Relative agreement was observed among methods. 2D-PC PWV derived from the flow-area approach had substantial variability, likely due to the limited spatial/temporal resolution, and user-dependence of analysis.
Focus+context display and navigation techniques for enhancing radial, space-filling hierarchy visualizations (2002)

Radial, space-filling visualizations can be useful for depicting information hierarchies, but they suffer from one major problem. As the hierarchy grows in size, many items become small, peripheral slices that are difficult to distinguish. We have developed three visualization/interaction techniques that provide flexible browsing of the display. The techniques allow viewers to examine the small items in detail while providing context within the entire information hierarchy. Additionally, smooth transitions between views help users maintain orientation within the complete information space.
A Survey and Critique of the Literature on Crosslinking Agents and Mechanisms as Related to Wool Keratin (1974)

This paper presents a survey and critique of the literature on the crosslinking of wool keratin with brief summaries of testing procedures used to detect crosslinking. Major observations are presented in tabular form. Tables and references are arranged in classes by reactive position in the reagent, by reaction mechanism, or by primary elements.
Generating plasmonic heterostructures by cation exchange and redox reactions of covellite CuS nanocrystals with Au3+ ions (2017)

We demonstrate the fabrication of various types of heterostructures, including core-shells and dimers. This is achieved by reacting platelet-shaped covellite (CuS) nanocrystals (NCs) with Au<sup>3+</sup> ions under various reaction conditions: the exposure of CuS NCs to Au<sup>3+</sup> ions, in the presence or in the absence of ascorbic acid (AA), leads to the formation of CuS@Au core-shell nanostructures; the reaction of CuS NCs with Au<sup>3+</sup> ions in the presence of oleylamine (OM) leads to the formation of CuS@Au<sub>2</sub>S; the presence of both OM and AA leads to the formation of Au/CuS dimers. Depending on which condition is chosen, either cation exchange (CE) between gold and copper ions is predominant (leading to amorphous Au<sub>2</sub>S) or the reduction of Au<sup>3+</sup> leads to the nucleation of metallic Au domains (which are operated by the AA). In the heterostructures achieved by CE, the Au<sub>2</sub>S shell is almost entirely amorphous, and can be converted to polycrystalline upon electron beam irradiation. Finally, when both oleylamine and AA are present in the reaction environment, Au/CuS dimers are formed due to the reduction of Au<sup>3+</sup> to metallic Au domains which nucleate on top of the CuS seeds. The experimental dual plasmonic bands of the CuS@Au core-shells and Au/CuS dimers are in agreement with the theoretical optical simulations. The procedures described here enable the synthesis of core-shell nanostructures with tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and of plasmonic metal/semiconductor heterostructures with LSPRs in both the NIR and the visible regions.
Polymer Scaffolds Fabricated with Pore-Size Gradients as a Model for Studying the Zonal Organization within Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Constructs (2005)

The zonal organization of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents within articular cartilage is important for its biomechanical function in diarthroidal joints. Tissue-engineering strategies adopting porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds offer significant promise for the repair of articular cartilage defects, yet few approaches have accounted for the zonal structural organization as in native articular cartilage. In this study, the ability of anisotropic pore architectures to influence the zonal organization of chondrocytes and ECM components was investigated. Using a novel 3D fiber deposition (3DF) technique, we designed and produced 100% interconnecting scaffolds containing either homogeneously spaced pores (fiber spacing, 1 mm; pore size, about 680 microm in diameter) or pore-size gradients (fiber spacing, 0.5-2.0 mm; pore size range, about 200-1650 microm in diameter), but with similar overall porosity (about 80%) and volume fraction available for cell attachment and ECM formation. In vitro cell seeding showed that pore-size gradients promoted anisotropic cell distribution like that in the superficial, middle, and lower zones of immature bovine articular cartilage, irrespective of dynamic or static seeding methods. There was a direct correlation between zonal scaffold volume fraction and both DNA and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Prolonged tissue culture in vitro showed similar inhomogeneous distributions of zonal GAG and collagen type II accumulation but not of GAG:DNA content, and levels were an order of magnitude less than in native cartilage. In this model system, we illustrated how scaffold design and novel processing techniques can be used to develop anisotropic pore architectures for instructing zonal cell and tissue distribution in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs.
Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase Is the Target of the Cyclopeptide Antibiotic Microcin J25 (2001)

Escherichia coli microcin J25 (MccJ25) is a plasmid-encoded, cyclic peptide antibiotic consisting of 21 unmodified amino acid residues. It is primarily active on gram-negative bacteria related to the producer strain, inducing cell filamentation in an SOS-independent way. A mutation causing resistance to MccJ25 was isolated. Genetic analysis indicated that it resided in the rpoC gene, encoding the beta' subunit of RNA polymerase, at 90 min on the E. coli genetic map. The mutation was genetically crossed on to a plasmid containing the wild-type rpoC gene. The presence of the recombinant plasmid conferred complete resistance to otherwise sensitive strains. Nucleotide sequencing of the plasmid-borne, mutant rpoC gene revealed a ACC (Thr)-to-ATC (Ile) change at codon 931, within homology block G, an evolutionarily conserved region in the large subunits of all RNA polymerases. MccJ25 decreased RNA synthesis both in vivo and in vitro. These results point to the RNA polymerase as the target of microcin action. We favor the possibility that the filamentous phenotype induced by MccJ25 results from impaired transcription of genes coding for cell division proteins. As far as we know, MccJ25 is the first peptide antibiotic shown to affect RNA polymerase.