gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Distributed Controllers Seeking Optimal Power Flow Solutions\n Under Communication Constraints (2016)

This paper focuses on power distribution networks featuring distributed\nenergy resources (DERs), and develops controllers that drive the DER output\npowers to solutions of time-varying AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The\ndesign of the controllers is grounded on primal-dual-type methods for\nregularized Lagrangian functions, as well as linear approximations of the AC\npower-flow equations. Convergence and OPF-solution-tracking capabilities are\nestablished while acknowledging: i) communication-packet losses, and ii)\npartial updates of control signals. The latter case is particularly relevant\nsince it enables an asynchronous operation of the controllers where the DER\nsetpoints are updated at a fast time scale based on local voltage measurements,\nand information on the network state is utilized if and when available, based\non communication constraints. As an application, the paper considers\ndistribution systems with a high penetration level of photovoltaic systems, and\ndemonstrates that the proposed framework provides fast voltage-regulation\ncapabilities, while enabling the near real-time pursuit of AC OPF solutions.\n
1127 Optimal scanning conditions for whole-heart coronary MR angiography in clinical practice (2008)

Signal-ratio of blood to myocardium was 0.95 0.14 for methods <2> to <1>, and 1.33 0.23 for methods <3> to <1>. In method <3>, the additional result for the signal-from
Crystal structures and properties of isonicotinamide:alkanediacid cocrystals (2011)

Zinc gravity casting alloys can be used for general industrial applications where strength, hardness, wear resistance or good pressure tightness is required. Zinc alloys are often used to replace cast iron because of their similar properties and higher machinability ratings.
Aqueous extraction of oleic sunflower oil from whole plant by twin-screw extruder: feasibility study, influence of screw configuration and operating conditions (2007)

Aqueous extraction process using water alone as medium is an alternative to the solvent oil extraction process from oilseeds. It enables simultaneous recovery of oil and protein. The implementation of a co-rotating twin-screw extruder allows the aqueous extraction of oleic sunflower oil from whole plant.
Screw configuration, screw rotation speed and whole plant input flow rate affect directly the efficiency of liquid/solid separation. Wringing out the mixing is possible because of the natural abundance of fibers in stalk. However, the compression of the vegetable matter is imperfect to allow an expedient separation of the two phases. Lixiviation of oilseeds is also incomplete. The highest oil extraction yield obtained is 64.9% and residual oil content of fibrous cake meal is always higher than 13.1%. Hydrophobic phase produced is an oil-in-water emulsion. Its stability is ensured by the presence at interface of natural surface-active agents also extracted during the process, phospholipids and proteins. Hydrophilic extract contains soluble proteins but also hemicelluloses and pectins. Originated respectively from stalk, pith and head, these two molecular families also have some interesting surface-active properties. So the aqueous extraction produces a second hydrophobic phase when it is realised from whole plant. This water-in-oil-in-water emulsion is denser than aqueous phase. Its stability is ensured by the presence at interface of phospholipids, proteins, hemicelluloses and pectins. Fibrous cake meal is richer in fibers (up to 45.6% of cellulose and lignins against 33.1% in the whole plant) and other insoluble components. It is possible to upgrade it by thermopressing in such a way as to manufacture sound insulation panels.
Reporting of cross-over clinical trials of analgesic treatments for chronic pain: Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks systematic review and recommendations (2016)

Cross-over trials are typically more efficient than parallel group trials in that the sample size required to yield a desired power is substantially smaller. It is important, however, to consider some issues specific to cross-over trials when designing and reporting them, and when evaluating the published results of such trials. This systematic review evaluated the quality of reporting and its evolution over time in articles of cross-over clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments for chronic pain published between 1993 and 2013. Seventy-six (61%) articles reported a within-subject primary analysis, or if no primary analysis was identified, reported at least 1 within-subject analysis, which is required to achieve the gain in power associated with the cross-over design. For 39 (31%) articles, it was unclear whether analyses conducted were within-subject or between-group. Only 36 (29%) articles reported a method to accommodate missing data (eg, last observation carried forward, n = 29), and of those, just 14 included subjects in the analysis who provided data from only 1 period. Of the articles that identified a within-subject primary analysis, 21 (51%) provided sufficient information for the results to be included in a meta-analysis (ie, estimates of the within-subject treatment effect and variability). These results and others presented in this article demonstrate deficiencies in reporting of cross-over trials for analgesic treatments. Clearer reporting in future trials could improve readers' ability to critically evaluate the results, use these data in meta-analyses, and plan future trials. Recommendations for proper reporting of cross-over trials that apply to any condition are provided.
Meiosis and apoptosis in germ cells of X‐autosome translocation carrier boars (2000)

Meiotic features and fate of germ cells were studied using electron microscopy on surface spread spermatocytes and in situ tests for apoptosis on testicular tissues of normal boars and X-autosome translocation (X-AT) carrier boars. Histological sections of the translocation t(Xp+; 14q−) carrier boars showed accumulation of degenerating germ cells including binucleate and multinucleate cells, as well as pyknosis and nuclear fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. Synaptonemal complex analysis of X-AT carrier boars revealed 19 bivalents including a large complex made up of the altered X (Xp+) and normal chromosome 14, and a smaller element representing the Y chromosome in synapsis with the derived chromosome 14 (14q−) in most (89.3%) of the germ cells. In situ tests for apoptotic DNA fragmentation revealed positive signals exclusively among early spermatocytes and degenerating germ cells. These findings and the absence of stages beyond pachytene suggest that the meiocytes are arrested at pachytene and eliminated through apoptotic process in spite of the complete synapsis displayed by the chromosomes involved in this translocation. Failure of meiotic progress in our X-AT carriers would appear to be the result of the disruption of gene sequence (or function) caused by the involvement of the X chromosome in this rearrangement, rather than the deleterious consequences of abnormal segregation anticipated in reciprocal translocation carriers. We hypothesize that this disruption could have affected the induction of stage-specific gene products in meiosis such as heat shock proteins and caused the excessive release of endonucleases normally produced by early prophase meiocytes, leading to their apoptosis in our X-autosome translocation carrier boars. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 56:448–457, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inability of memory T cells to induce graft-versus-host disease is a result of an abortive alloresponse (2006)

Several groups, including our own, have independently demonstrated that effector memory T cells from non-alloantigen-primed donors do not cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In the current study, we further investigated whether this approach could be extended to all memory T cells, and we studied the underlying mechanisms. Neither total memory T cells nor purified central memory T cells were able to induce GVHD. Memory T cells were at least 3-log less potent than bulk T cells in mediating GVHD. As expected, memory T cells failed to elicit cytotoxicity and proliferated poorly against alloantigens in standard 5-day mixed-lymphocyte cultures. However, the proliferative responses of memory T cells were more comparable with those of bulk and naive T cells when the culture time was shortened. Moreover, the frequencies of IL-2-secreting cells measured by 42-hour enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay were similar among naive, memory, and bulk T cells. These data indicated that memory T cells are able to respond to alloantigens initially but fail to develop to full potential. The abortive immune response, which was mediated by non-alloantigen-specific memory T cells in response to alloantigens, may explain why memory T cells from unprimed and non-alloantigen-primed donors could not induce GVHD.
Intrinsic Potencies of Novel Thiol Ester Corticosteroids RS-85095 and RS-21314 as Compared With Clobetasol 17-Propionate and Fluocinonide (1989)

The intrinsic potencies of two novel topical thiol ester corticosteroids, RS-85095 and RS-21314, were compared with the high potency corticosteroids clobetasol 17-propionate and fluocinonide, using human vasoconstriction assays. In these assays, four or five concentrations (0.03 to 3 mg/L) of the corticosteroids in 95% ethanol (alcohol, USP) were applied to predetermined sites on the forearm of volunteers and were occluded following evaporation of the alcohol. The responses were scored in terms of the presence or absence of vasoconstriction and the degree of vasoconstrictive intensity. No statistically significant difference was found in the intrinsic potencies of RS-85095, RS-21314, and clobetasol 17-propionate, and all three corticosteroids were significantly more potent than fluocinonide.
Evaluation of Mediterranean Agricultural Residues as a Potential Feedstock for the Production of Biogas via Anaerobic Fermentation (2015)

Hydrothermal, dilute acid, and steam explosion pretreatment methods, were evaluated for their efficiency to improve the methane production yield of three Mediterranean agricultural lignocellulosic residues such as olive tree pruning, grapevine pruning, and almond shells. Hydrothermal and dilute acid pretreatments provided low to moderate increase in the digestibility of the biomass samples, whereas steam explosion enabled the highest methane yields to be achieved for almond shells at 232.2 ± 13.0 mL CH4/gVS and olive pruning at 315.4 ± 0.0 mL CH4/gVS. Introduction of an enzymatic prehydrolysis step moderately improved methane yields for hydrothermal and dilute acid pretreated samples but not for the steam exploded ones.
Relation between Color and Surface Morphology of Electrodeposited Chromium for Decorative Applications (2019)

Electrolytes for decorative chromium plating based on trivalent chromium salts are known since several decades. As the use of conventional, hexavalent chromium based plating baths is more and more restricted by governmental regulations, these electrolytes gain ground in electroplating industry. However, compared to hexavalent chromium electrolytes, trivalent chromium electrolytes cannot fully meet the requirements with regard to appearance of the electrodeposited chromium, and there is little knowledge about the influencing factors on the shade of color. In this paper, chromium plated from a solution of chromium(III) sulfate was characterized by colorimetry, SEM and AFM and compared to a sample plated from a chromic acid electrolyte in order to reveal correlations between visual appearance and surface morphology. A relation between an increase of grain size and a color shift from blueish to yellowish was observed. Unlike in hexavalent based systems, grain size, roughness and color depend on layer thickness as the grain growth mechanism appears to be different. A model based on the theory of light scattering at rough surfaces is provided that links roughness and reflection behavior of the chromium surface.
Summary of Studies of Aging and Environmental Effects on Inconel 617 and Haynes 230 (2006)

Summary of studies on aging and environmental effects on Inconel 617 and Haynes 230
Moving Past Anti-VEGF: Novel Therapies for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy (2016)

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults, and is projected to be a significant future health concern due to the rising incidence of diabetes. The recent advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of diabetic retinopathy but a significant subset of patients fail to respond to treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines other than VEGF may contribute to the disease process. The current review examines the presence of non-VEGF cytokines in the eyes of patients with diabetic retinopathy and highlights mechanistic pathways in relevant animal models. Finally, novel drug targets including components of the kinin-kallikrein system and emerging treatments such as anti-HPTP (human protein tyrosine phosphatase) β antibodies are discussed. Recognition of non-VEGF contributions to disease pathogenesis may lead to novel therapeutics to enhance existing treatments for patients who do not respond to anti-VEGF therapies.
Promoting siRNA delivery via enhanced cellular uptake using an arginine-decorated amphiphilic dendrimer (2014)

RNA interference (RNAi) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) is expected to offer an attractive means to specifically and efficiently silence disease-associated genes for treating various diseases provided that safe and efficient delivery systems are available. In this study, we have established an arginine-decorated amphiphilic dendrimer composed of a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic PAMAM dendron bearing arginine terminals as nonviral vector for siRNA delivery. Indeed, this dendrimer proved to be very effective at delivering siRNAs in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells and in human hematopoietic CD34+ stem cells, leading to improved gene silencing compared to the corresponding nonarginine decorated dendrimer. Further investigation confirmed that this dendrimer was granted with the capacity to form stable nanoparticles with siRNA and significantly enhance cellular uptake of siRNA. In addition, this dendrimer revealed no discernible cytotoxicity. All these findings demonstrate that decoration of the dendrimer surface with arginine residues is indeed a useful strategy to improve the delivery ability of dendrimers.
Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous SBA-15 and SBA-16 as carriers to improve albendazole dissolution rate (2019)

Albendazole (ABZ, anti-parasitic active pharmaceutical ingredient) is a crystalline low water-soluble drug, thus the dissolution rate in gastrointestinal fluids is limited. Consequently, the improvement of the water solubility and dissolution rate of ABZ implies a great challenge for a more efficient treatment of hydatidosis. In this context, SBA-15 and SBA-16 ordered mesoporous silica materials were synthetized and loaded with ABZ. X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption manometry, particle size distribution and scanning electronic microscopy were used to characterize unloaded and loaded materials (ABZ/SBA-15 and ABZ/SBA-16). The loaded ABZ amount in the carriers was estimated by elemental analysis. For the loaded materials, the drug solubility and release profile were evaluated. In addition, mathematical models were compared to explain the dissolution kinetics of ABZ from mesoporous solids. ABZ was successfully loaded into the mesopores. The amorphous state of the adsorbed ABZ was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry that resulted in a notable increment in the dissolution rate compared to crystalline ABZ. Drug release behaviors were well simulated by the Weibull model for ABZ/SBA-15 and by the Gompertz function for pure ABZ and ABZ/SBA-16. The SBA-15 carrier exhibited the highest drug loading and dissolution rate becoming a promising material to improve ABZ bioavailability.
New material for probing spin-orbit coupling in iridates (2015)

We report the structure and magnetic properties of a new iridate compound, SrxLa11-xIr4O24, where the d-electron count of Ir and therefore its number of unpaired electrons can be tuned continuously from 5d5 Ir4+ to 5d4 Ir5+, i.e. from SrLa10Ir4O24 to Sr5La6Ir4O24. The IrO6 octahedra in SrxLa11-xIr4O24 are isolated from each other and from other transition elements, minimizing band effects, and the doping is on the framework sites, not the Ir sites, minimizing the effects of disorder. Measurements of the temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility are employed to determine the evolution of the Ir magnetic moment on progressing from 5d5 Ir4+ to 5d4 Ir5+, and are clearly best described by a transition from a J=1/2 to a J=0 Ir magnetic state; that is, the evolution of the magnetic susceptibility shows the dominance of spin-orbit coupling in determining the magnetic properties of a material with highly isolated IrO6 octahedra.
Inclusion of Sex as a Biological Variable in Biomedical Sciences at the Undergraduate Level and Beyond (2023)

To improve research on women's health, and to achieve better understanding of the factors controlling disease across diverse populations of humans, it is imperative to study sex differences in physiology and disease. After the introduction of the "SABV policy" at NIH, which requires investigators using animals or humans to consider sex as a biological factor, it became clear that many investigators were unaware of concepts of sexual differentiation or methods that can be used to study sex as a biological variable (SABV). To remedy this situation, efforts have increased to teach concepts and methods of SABV at all educational levels. The UCLA Scientific Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) grant "Sex differences in the metabolic syndrome" promotes education about SABV through three primary mechanisms: (1) through didactic course content for students at the undergraduate level, (2) by providing pilot funding for early career investigators to study the role of sex in metabolism-related areas, and (3) through curation of a video library, which may be useful for investigators performing research at the graduate, postgraduate, and faculty levels.
System and Method for an Auction of Multiple Types of Items (2012)

An improved system and method for a computer-implemented auction in which multiple types of items are auctioned together without imposing a particular division of supply or demand among the individual types of items. In some embodiments the auction of the present invention provides a means or method for establishing prices for the types of items, wherein the prices maintain a relationship. In other embodiments, the present invention provides a means or method for implying prices from price parameters in the bids received form bidders, based on a relation among the prices for the types of items. Market clearing may be defined by the condition that the aggregate quantity bid for all types of items is less than or equal to the available quantity of all types of items. The division among the types of items within is thus determined flexibly, based on the bids at the associated prices. In other embodiments, market clearing is defined by the condition that the quantity bid for one selected type of item is less than or equal to the available quantity of the selected type of item. The quantities of the other types of items are thus determined flexibly, based on the bids at the associated prices.
Kinase inhibition, competitive binding and proteasomal degradation: resolving the molecular function of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins (2015)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are key negative regulators of cytokine and growth factor signaling. They act at the receptor complex to modulate the intracellular signaling cascade, preventing excessive signaling and restoring homeostasis. This regulation is critical to the normal cessation of signaling, highlighted by the complex inflammatory phenotypes exhibited by mice deficient in SOCS1 or SOCS3. These two SOCS proteins remain the best characterized of the eight family members (CIS, SOCS1-7), and in particular, we now possess a sound understanding of the mechanism of action for SOCS3. Here, we review the mechanistic role of the SOCS proteins and identify examples where clear, definitive data have been generated and discuss areas where the information is less clear. From this functional viewpoint, we discuss how the SOCS proteins achieve exquisite and specific regulation of cytokine signaling and highlight outstanding questions regarding the function of the less well-studied SOCS family members.
Progress in Nonpolar and Semipolar GaN Materials and Devices (2013)

GaN and its alloys with InN and AlN have revolutionized the solid-state lighting market for their ability to emit a wide range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Development of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) on the standard basal plane is challenged by the polar nature of the GaN wurtzite crystal structure, particularly for emission wavelengths beyond 500 nm, contributing to low efficiencies in this spectral region, known as the "green gap." Alternate crystal orientations of GaN offer reduced or no polarization, referred to as semipolar and nonpolar planes, they offer several benefits for light emitting applications. This talk outlines some of latest developments in material properties, growth issues and design considerations for GaN-based LED and LD devices on nonpolar and semipolar planes for visible wavelength applications.
Addendum to Partial Amino-Acid Sequence of Human PMN Leukocyte Procollagenase (1990)

Human PMN leukocyte procollagenase was purified to apparent homogeneity using ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose Fast Flow, affinity chromatography on Zinc Chelate Sepharose and on Orange Sepharose and was finally purified by gelpermeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. It was shown by SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing conditions that PMNL procollagenase consists of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent Mr 85000. Amino acid sequence information was obtained from the proenzyme and fragments by Edman degradation and showed that PMNL procollagenase is homologous to the fibroblast enzyme. Thus PMNL procollagenase is the product of an independent gene.