gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protecting journalistic sources against contemporary means of surveillance (2018)

Abstract This article aims to explore the impact of contemporary surveillance measures on journalistic work, in particular, in the context of protecting journalistic sources of information. Such protection is considered necessary to guarantee the free flow of information and enable journalists to appropriately fulfil their ‘public watchdog’ role. Thus, the use of surveillance technology to compromise the confidentiality of sources affects freedom of expression, but it also influences the observance of other human rights, such as the right to privacy. This article analyses both legal and practical aspects of the application of surveillance measures with respect to journalists. First, it reflects on the legal standards for protecting journalistic sources in the digital age and on the new legal developments weakening source protection in those countries. Second, it examines selected instances when journalists were subject to surveillance in three countries: Bulgaria, Poland and Romania.
Formulating Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus for Field Release (1995)

A procedure was developed to encapsulate mycelia of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus in alginate pellets for seeding into agricultural fields in order to reduce aflatoxin contamination via competitive exclusion. Kaolin, a clay filler commonly employed in alginate formulations, was detrimental to pellet performance as measured by spore yield. Corn cob grits, a by-product of the corn industry, was found to be an excellent replacement for kaolin. Of nine nutritive adjuvants tested, wheat gluten improved pellet performance the most, although gluten concentrations above 5% were difficult to process. The best formulation tested consisted of 1% sodium alginate, 5% corn cob grits and 5% wheat gluten. On a 'per gram' basis, this alginate formulation yielded more spores than either A. flavus sclerotia or colonized wheat seed. Pesticides were also tested as adjuvants with potential use for protecting pellets under field conditions. Only one (chloramphenicol) of four tested pesticides (the others were dichloran, rose Bengal and cyfluthrin) reduced pellet sporulation. Formulations with or without pesticide adjuvants retained similar spore yield potential during a 2-year storage at 8 C. However, spore production in stored products lagged behind that of fresh products. At 75% relative humidity (RH), pellet storage stability decreased with increasing temperature from 27 to 42 C. Pellet spore yield at 32 C decreased as RH decreased from 100 to 90%. Sporulation occurred at 90% RH but not at 88% RH. Spore yield varied widely in four field tests, and the cumulative spore yield was inversely correlated (r2= -0.798, P 0.01) with rainfall. The results suggest that alginate pellets may be effective formulations for delivery of atoxigenic A. flavus strains to furrow-irrigated cotton in desert environments, where aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed is most severe. Keywords: AlginateCorn Cob GritsRelative HumidityTemperatureCompetitive exclusionAflatoxinStorage StabilityGranular FormulationWheat Gluten
Correlation of Approximate Entropy, Bispectral Index, and Spectral Edge Frequency 95 (SEF95) with Clinical Signs of “Anesthetic Depth” during Coadministration of Propofol and Remifentanil (2003)

Approximate entropy revealed informations on hypnotic and analgesic endpoints using coadministration of propofol and remifentanil comparable to bispectral index, SEF95, and the combination of drug concentrations.
Visibility Prediction Based on Kilometric NWP Model Outputs Using Machine-Learning Regression (2018)

Low visibility conditions have a strong impact on air and road traffics and their prediction is still a challenge for meteorologists, particularly its spatial coverage. In this study, an estimated visibility product over the north of Morocco, from the operational NWP model AROME outputs using the state-of-the art of Machine-learning regression, has been developed. The performance of the developed model has been assessed, over the continental part only, based on real data collected at 37 synoptic stations over 2 years. Results analysis points out that the developed model for estimating visibility has shown a strong ability to differentiate between visibilities occurring during daytime and nighttime. However, the KDD-developed model have shown low performance of generality across time. The performance evaluation indicates a bias of -9m, a mean absolute error of 1349m with 0.87 correlation and a root mean-square error of 2150m.
Nonstationary spectral analysis based on time-frequency operator symbols and underspread approximations (2006)

We present a unified framework for time-varying or time-frequency (TF) spectra of nonstationary random processes in terms of TF operator symbols. We provide axiomatic definitions and TF operator symbol formulations for two broad classes of TF spectra, one of which is new. These classes contain all major existing TF spectra such as the Wigner-Ville, evolutionary, instantaneous power, and physical spectrum. Our subsequent analysis focuses on the practically important case of nonstationary processes with negligible high-lag TF correlations (so-called underspread processes). We demonstrate that for underspread processes all TF spectra yield effectively identical results and satisfy several desirable properties at least approximately. We also show that Gabor frames provide approximate Karhunen-Loeve (KL) functions of underspread processes and TF spectra provide a corresponding approximate KL spectrum. Finally, we formulate simple approximate input-output relations for the TF spectra of underspread processes that are passed through underspread linear time-varying systems. All approximations are substantiated mathematically by upper bounds on the associated approximation errors. Our results establish a TF calculus for the second-order analysis and time-varying filtering of underspread processes that is as simple as the conventional spectral calculus for stationary processes
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes at Charged Surfaces:  Effects of Chain Degree of Polymerization and Fraction of Charged Monomers (2005)

We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the electrostatic assembly of multilayers of flexible polyelectrolytes at a charged surface. The multilayer build-up was achieved through sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polymers in a layer-by-layer fashion from dilute polyelectrolyte solutions. The steady-state multilayer growth proceeds through a charge reversal of the adsorbed polymeric film which leads to a linear increase in the polymer surface coverage after completion of the first few deposition steps. Moreover, substantial intermixing between chains adsorbed during different deposition steps is observed. This intermixing is consistent with the observed requirement for several deposition steps to transpire for completion of a single layer. However, despite chain intermixing, there are almost perfect periodic oscillations of the density difference between monomers belonging to positively and negatively charged macromolecules in the adsorbed film. Weakly charged chains show higher polymer surface coverage than strongly charged ones.
Granular Myringitis (2006)

Granular myringitis is encountered not infrequently in primary otolaryngology practice and presented different forms, recurrent episodes, and bilateral involvement. Topical application of antibiotics or caustic agents was successful in all cases. Perforation of the TM may develop and resolve spontaneously during the course of the disease.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF THE CARBAPEN‐2‐EM RING SYSTEM (1980)

Abstract Aus dem Azetidinon (Ia) erhält man über das durch Silylierung am Stickstoff geschützte Derivat (Ib) nach Deacetylierung den Alkohol (Ic), der mit Collins Reagens zum Aldehyd (II) oxidiert wird.
Impact of Retransmission Limit on Preamble Contention in LTE-Advanced Network (2013)

LTE-Advanced networks employ random access based on preambles transmitted according to multi-channel slotted Aloha principles. The random access is controlled through a limit $W$ on the number of transmission attempts and a timeout period for uniform backoff after a collision. We model the LTE-Advanced random access system by formulating the equilibrium condition for the ratio of the number of requests successful within the permitted number of transmission attempts to those successful in one attempt. We prove that for $W  \leq 8$ there is only one equilibrium operating point and for $W \geq 9$ there are three operating points if the request load $\rho$ is between load boundaries $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$. We analytically identify these load boundaries as well as the corresponding system operating points. We analyze the throughput and delay of successful requests at the operating points and validate the analytical results through simulations.
Detection and Classification of Live and Dead Escherichia coli by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2015)

A common goal for astrobiology is to detect organic materials that may indicate the presence of life. However, organic materials alone may not be representative of currently living systems. Thus, it would be valuable to have a method with which to determine the health of living materials. Here, we present progress toward this goal by reporting on the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to study characteristics of live and dead cells using Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain K12 cells as a model organism since its growth and death in the laboratory are well understood. Our goal is to determine whether LIBS, in its femto- and/or nanosecond forms, could ascertain the state of a living organism. E. coli strain K12 cells were grown, collected, and exposed to one of two types of inactivation treatments: autoclaving and sonication. Cells were also kept alive as a control. We found that LIBS yields key information that allows for the discrimination of live and dead E. coli bacteria based on ionic shifts reflective of cell membrane integrity.
Dual regulation of iron deficiency response mediated by the transcription factor IDEF1 (2010)

Higher plants respond to fluctuating Fe availability by regulating the expression of genes involved in Fe homeostasis. Transcriptional responses to Fe deficiency in plants are mediated via various interactions between cisacting elements and trans-acting factors. The transcription factor IDEF1 regulates the response to Fe deficiency in Oryza sativa (rice) by recognizing the CATGC sequence within the Fe deficiency-responsive cis-acting element IDE1. We recently presented evidence that IDEF1 mediates two-phase responses to Fe deficiency. During the early stages of Fe deficiency, the majority of known Fe uptake/utilization-related genes are positively regulated by IDEF1. In subsequent stages, IDEF1-mediated regulation of these Fe uptake/utilization-related genes are less obvious. In turn, expression of several Fe deficiency-induced genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins is increasingly regulated by IDEF1 at the subsequent stages. We propose a dual function of IDEF1 for Fe deficiency response, namely, (1) the coordinated transactivation of Fe utilization-related genes via CATGC-containing IDE1-like elements, especially at the early stage, and (2) the transactivation of seed maturation-related genes via RY elements, especially during the subsequent stages of Fe deficiency. IDEF1 appears to have evolved to mediate an interface between Fe deficiency-inducible and seed maturation-related gene expression.
Configurable links for runtime adaptive on-chip communication (2009)

Reliability concerns associated with upcoming technology nodes coupled with unpredictable system scenarios resulting from increasingly complex systems require considering runtime adaptivity in all possible parts of future on-chip systems. We are presenting a novel configurable link which can change its supported bandwidth on-demand at runtime (2X-Links) for an adaptive on-chip communication architecture. We have evaluated our results using real-time multi-media and the E3S application benchmark suits. Our 2X-Links provide a higher throughput of up to 36%, with an average throughput increase of 21.3%, compared to the Normal-Full-Duplex-Links [12], [14], [17], [20] and keep performance-related guarantees with as low as 50% of the Normal-Full-Duplex-Links capacity. Our simulation shows when some links fail, the NoC with 2X-Links can recover from these faults with an average probability of 82.2% whereas these faults would be fatal for the Normal-Full-Duplex-Links.
Discovery of 4-(Benzylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-diones and 4-[(Pyridylmethyl)aminomethylene]isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-diones as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (2009)

The series of 4-(benzylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-dione and 4-[(pyridylmethyl)aminomethylene]isoquinoline-1,3-(2H,4H)-dione derivatives reported here represents a novel class of potential antitumor agents, which potently and selectively inhibit CDK4 over CDK2 and CDK1. In the benzylamino headpiece, a 3-OH substituent is required on the phenyl ring for CDK4 inhibitory activity, which is further enhanced when an iodo, aryl, heteroaryl, t-butyl, or cyclopentyl substituent is introduced at the C-6 position of the isoquinoline-1,3-dione core. To circumvent the metabolic liability associated with the phenolic OH group on the 4-substituted 3-OH phenyl headpiece, we take two approaches: first, introduce a nitrogen o- or p- to the 3-OH group in the phenyl ring; second, replace the phenyl headpiece with N-substituted 2-pyridones. We present here the synthesis, SAR data, metabolic stability data, and a CDK4 mimic model that explains the binding, potency, and selectivity of our CDK4 selective inhibitors.
Energetics of Formation of Sixteen Triple Helical Complexes Which Vary at a Single Position within a Pyrimidine Motif (1995)

The association constants for the formation of 16 pyrimidine•purine•pyrimidine triple helical complexes which vary at a single common position (Z.XY where Z = A, G, ^(Me)C, T and XY = AT, GC, CG, TA) were determined by quantitative affinity cleavage titration. The sequence context in which the 16 pairings Z•XY were studied is 5'-d(AAAAAGAGAXAGAGA)-3' within a 242 base pair DNA fragment. The association constants of four pyrimidine rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides, 5'-d(TTTTT^(Me)CT^(Me)CTZT^(Me)CT^(Me)CT)-3', ranged from 3.8 x 10^4 M^(-1) (Z•XY = A.CG) to 5.6 x 10^7 M^(-1) (Z•XY = T•AT) at 22 °C, pH 7.0; 10 mM bis-tris, 100 mM NaCl, 250 µM spermine. For the sequences studied, T.AT is more stable than T•GC, T•CG, or T•TA by greater than or equal to 2.3 kcal mol^(-1); ^(Me)C•GC is more stable than ^(Me)C•AT, ^(Me)C•CG, or ^(Me)C•TA by greater than or equal to 1.4 kcal mol^(-1); G•TA is more stable than G•AT, G•CG, or G•GC by greater than or equal to 0.8 kcal mol^(-1).
Characterization of tracheal intubation process of care and safety outcomes in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit* (2010)

Unwanted tracheal intubation-associated events occurred frequently, but severe tracheal intubation-associated events were rare. Our novel registry can be used to describe the pediatric intensive care unit tracheal intubation procedural process of care and safety outcomes.
Menopause: Life Event or Medical Disease? (1997)

Women throughout the world experience menopause, but it is often difficult to determine what it means and how it is perceived by women. A dilemma exists as to whether menopause should be medicalized or treated as a normal life event. The effects of this decision on the woman and the role of the advanced practice nurse in assisting the woman through this time of change are presented.
Multimode phonon cooling via three-wave parametric interactions with optical fields (2013)

We discuss the possible cooling of different phonon modes via three-wave mixing interactions of vibrational and optical modes. Since phonon modes exhibit a variety of dispersion relations or frequency spectra with diverse spatial structures, depending on the shape and size of the sample, we formulate our theory in terms of relevant spatial mode functions for the interacting fields in any given geometry. Our general formulation is applicable to cooling of any low-frequency excitation mode in matter which can give appreciable inelastic light scattering via the modulation of the optical dielectric function. We discuss the possibility of Dicke-like collective effects in phonon cooling and present explicit results for simultaneous cooling of two-phonon modes via the anti-Stokes up-conversions. We show that the bimodal cooling should be observable experimentally.
Altered Memory T Cell Differentiation in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (1999)

The chronic immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) might be driven by activated Th1 cells without sufficient Th2 cell differentiation to down-modulate inflammation. To test whether disordered memory T cell differentiation contributes to the typical Th1-dominated chronic inflammation in RA we investigated differentiation of resting CD4+ memory T cells in patients with early (6 wk to 12 mo) untreated RA and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls in vitro. No difference in cytokine secretion profiles of freshly isolated memory T cells was detected between patients and controls. A cell culture system was then employed that permitted the differentiation of Th effectors from resting memory T cells by short term priming. Marked differences were found in response to priming. Th2 cells could be induced in all healthy controls by priming with anti-CD28 in the absence of TCR ligation. By contrast, priming under those conditions resulted in Th2 differentiation in only 9 of 24 RA patients. Exogenous IL-4 could overcome the apparent Th2 differentiation defect in seven patients but was without effect in the remaining eight patients. In all patients a marked decrease in IL-2-producing cells and a significant increase in well-differentiated Th1 cells that produced IFN-gamma but not IL-2 were evident after priming with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. The data suggest that CD4+ memory T cells from patients with early untreated RA manifest an intrinsic abnormality in their ability to differentiate into specific cytokine-producing effector cells that might contribute to the characteristic Th1-dominated chronic (auto)immune inflammation in RA.
Structural studies of polymers with hydrophilic spacer groups: infrared spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of preformed polymers with hydrocarbon side chains (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies of polymers with hydrophilic spacer groups: infrared spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of preformed polymers with hydrocarbon side chainsJ. Schneider, H. Ringsdorf, and J. F. RaboltCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 205–210Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00191a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epihalohydrins in Organic Synthesis (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEpihalohydrins in Organic SynthesisGirija S. Singh*†, Karen Mollet‡, Matthias D'hooghe*‡, and Norbert De Kimpe*‡View Author Information† Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana‡ Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 3, 1441–1498Publication Date (Web):December 5, 2012Publication History Received17 August 2012Published online5 December 2012Published inissue 13 March 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3003455https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3003455review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7999Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Ethers,Ring opening reactions,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Applicability of Pediococcus strains for fermentation of cereal bran and its influence on the milk yield of dairy cattle (2017)

Iš savaiminiu būdu fermentuotų rugių išskirtos Pediococcus acidilactici BaltBio01 ir Pediococcus pentosaceus BaltBio02 padermės buvo panaudotos miežinių ir kvietinių sėlenų (santykiu 90:10 %) fermentacijai. Pagaminta fermentuota pašarų žaliava, turinti didelį kiekį gyvybingų pediokokų, panaudota pieniniams galvijams (Lietuvos juodmargėms) šerti, ir įvertinta fermentuotos pašarų žaliavos įtaka pieninių galvijų primilžiui bei pieno sudėčiai. Pediokokai P. acidilactici BaltBio01 ir P. pentosaceus BaltBio02 fermentavo daugelį tirtų angliavandenių, gerai augo 30 ir 37 °C temperatūroje ir pasižymėjo atsparumu rūgštinei terpei. Išskirti pediokokai nebuvo atsparūs antibiotikams ir pasižymėjo antimikrobinėmis savybėmis. Grūdų gamybos šalutinių produktų (miežinių ir kvietinių sėlenų) biokonversija, taikant fermentaciją išskirtais mikroorganizmais, įgalina pagaminti saugesnę (su mažesniu Enterobacteria, aerobinių bakterijų, mielių ir pelėsių kiekiu) fermentuotą pašarų žaliavą, turinčią didelį kiekį gyvybingų pediokokų. Eksperimento pradžioje esminių skirtumų tarp pašaro suvartojimo, primilžio ir pieno sudėties nebuvo nustatyta. Eksperimento metu kontrolinės (A grupės) ir bandomųjų grupių racionas buvo vienodas, tačiau bandomosios grupės 66 dienas papildomai gavo po 200 g gyvuliui fermentuotos pašarų žaliavos, kurioje buvo 9,6 log10 KSV g-1 pediokokų (B grupės gyvuliai gavo po 200 g fermentuotos P. acidilactici pašarų žaliavos pieniniam galvijui/dieną, C grupė gavo po 200 g P. pentosaceus fermentuotos pašarų žaliavos pieniniam galvijui/ dieną, o D grupė gavo po 200 g P. acidilactici ir P. pentosaceus fermentuotos pašarų žaliavos pieniniam galvijui/ dieną). [...].