gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A likelihood for correlated extreme series (2018)

Abstract This paper develops a likelihood for sequences of extremes when observations are dependent in time. The likelihood allows researchers to obtain more realistic standard errors of the generalized extreme‐value parameters. As a motivating example, annual minimum temperatures are examined from the Faraday/Vernadsky research station in Antarctica. Here, the year‐to‐year correlation in the series is about 0.46. Our likelihood allows the series to have temporal correlation but also keeps a generalized extreme‐value marginal distribution at each point in time. An analysis of the Faraday/Vernadsky annual minimum temperatures is conducted. While the standard error of the estimated trend increases when dependence is taken into account, it does not change the correlation‐ignored inference that annual minimum temperatures at the station are increasing.
A Grid Infrastructure for Utility Computing (2006)

Utility computing is a service provisioning model, which provides adaptive, flexible and simple access to computing resources, enabling a pay-per-use model for computing similar to traditional utilities such as water or electricity. The deployment of a utility computing solution involves a full separation between the provider and the consumer. The consumer requires a uniform, secure and reliable functionality to access the utility computing service and the provider requires a scalable, flexible and adaptive infrastructure to provide the service. The solution should be based on standards and allow a gradual deployment in order to obtain a favourable response from the application developers and the information technology staff. Grid technology overcomes such challenges by means of its standard functionality for flexible integration of diverse distributed resources. This position paper proposes an innovative solution for utility computing which can be deployed on a grid infrastructure based on Globus toolkit and GridWay components
P-Chiral Phosphine Ligands for Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions (2007)

Optically active phosphine ligands possessing stereogenic centers on phosphorus atoms have been synthesized using phosphine-boranes as intermediates. Electron-rich P-chiral phosphine ligands (BisP, MiniPHOS, and DiSquareP) having a bulky alkyl group and a small alkyl group on the phosphorus atom exhibit excellent to almost perfect enantioselectivities in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides and related substrates. Air-stable P-chiral phosphine ligands (t-Bu- and 1-Ad-QuinoxP) are also prepared with the phosphine-borane methodology. These ligands have exceedingly high enantioselectivities of up to 99.9% not only in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation but also in Rh- or Pd-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.
Nursing Time Use in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (2000)

This study examined nursing care in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by reviewing nursing activities for the newborns. Through direct observation, time used for nursing care according to the nursing activity, shift, day of the week, and position of the nurses was measured. This study was done on November 15, 21, 24, 1999 at a university medical center hospital and included eight nurses and 179 newborns as the study subjects. The data were collected from the medical records, and by using a nursing activity record for the NICU, and a nursing activity time record for the NICU. The first step in the data collection process was to develop a list of nursing activities which was done through a literature review, examination of medical affairs and duty records. Content validity was measured by a panel of three professors who were experienced clinicians. In the second step two pre-training sessions were held with three sophomore student nurses who then measured the time for each nursing activity using a stopwatch. The data were analyzed using frequencies for nursing activities, averages, percentages and ANOVA for differences between shift and between days of the week, and percentages and t-test for differences according to position of the nurse. The results are as follows: 1) The total number of activities was 156, direct or indirect nursing activities. Direct nursing activity classified according to physical, educational, emotional/social/economic/spiritual needs. There were 109 direct nursing activities in 16 fields. 2) The order of nursing activities, according to time required, was record keeping, nutritional care, measurement/observation, medication, hygiene care, examination and specimen collection, and checking supplies, and according to frequency, measurement/ examination, record keeping, nutrition care, hygiene care, elimination care and medication. 3) According to shift, direct care during the night shift at 313.4 minutes was the longest time and indirect nursing care during the night shift at 252.2 minutes was the highest time. 4) For days of the week, Monday had the highest time for direct care 275.8 minutes (34.6%) and Wednessday had the highest time for indirect nursing care 269.6 minutes (36.1%). 5) For nursing time according to position of nurse, general nurses had the highest for direct care (330.7 minutes), nurse managers for indirect nursing activities (239.0 minutes) and general nurses for individual private time (63.9 minutes). The results of this study show that the major nursing time consuming activities included record keeping, nutrition care and measurement/examination. For newborns, time needs to be allowed for care to be sensitive, sophisticated and specialized rather than concentrated on indirect nursing tasks such as record keeping. Therefore, it is imperative to develop computerized systems that support a systematic approach to record keeping which is more efficient. Moreover, nursing needs according to shift, day or position of nurse can be utilized in assessing nursing resources through a computerized process.
Optical properties of dust aggregates : I. Wavelength dependence (1992)

Optical properties of dust aggregates of astrophysical interest have been investigated by means of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to clarify how differences in structure, size and chemical composition of dust aggregates affect their optical properties. Two types of dust aggregates have been treated; one is the Ballistic Particle-Cluster Aggregates (BPCA) whose fractal dimension D ~ 3, and the other is the Ballistic Cluster-Cluster Aggregates (BCCA) for which D ~ 2. Two kinds of minerals have been considered for the constituent particles; silicate and magnetite. The results of the calculations show that the optical properties of dust aggregates are divided into two regimes according to their characteristic size a_c; in the wavelength range λ ≫ λ_c = 2πa_c, the optical properties are qualitatively reproduced by the Rayleigh approximation for a sphere with the same mass and do not depend on the structure of the dust aggregates. The scattering cross sections start to deviate from the Rayleigh regime at about the characteristic wavelength λ_c = 2πa_c, which is a diagnostic for the sizes of dust aggregates, irrespective of the chemical composition of the constituent particles. The wavelength dependence of the absorption cross sections can be interpreted in terms of the optical thickness of the dust aggregates themselves and can be approximated with a simple formula. This formula is useful to determine the dependence of the temperature of dust aggregates in space on their sizes as well as structures, which plays a crucial role in considering the physical and chemical evolution of dust aggregates in space. The wavelength dependence of the asymmetry parameter reflects the size as well as the structure of dust aggregates, independent of the chemical composition of the constituent particles. BPCA are characterized by an enhanced forward scattering in the region of λ ≪ λ_c in comparison with BCCA with the same mass, in spite of the smaller size of BPCA. The applicability of the Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule to dust aggregates is investigated in comparison with the results of the calculations using the discrete dipole approximation.
The cochlear implant (CI) represents, for almost 25 years now, the gold standard in the treatment of children born deaf and for postlingually (2009)

Astheseimplantsareintheimmediatevicinityofthemiddle-earmucosa and of the junction to the perilymph of the cochlea, the risk exists – at least in principle – that bacteria may spread along the electrode array into the cochlea.The wide-rangingrequirementsmadeof the CI in terms of biocompatibility and the electrode mechanism mean that there is still further scope – despite the fact that CIs are already technically highly sophisticated – for ongoing improvements to the properties of these implants and their constituent materials, thus enhancing the effectiveness of these devices. This paper will therefore discuss fundamental material aspects of CIs as well as the potential for their future development.
On-line Construction of a Small Automaton for a Finite Set of Words. (2009)

In this paper we describe a ``light'' algorithm for the on-line construction&#13;\nof a small automaton recognising a finite set of words.&#13;\nThe algorithm runs in linear time.&#13;\nWe carried out good experimental results on the&#13;\nsuffixes of a text, showing how this automaton is small. For the&#13;\nsuffixes of a text, we propose a modified construction that leads&#13;\nto an even smaller automaton.
A particle-filter information potential method for tracking and monitoring maneuvering targets using a mobile sensor agent (2012)

The problem of tracking and monitoring moving targets using mobile sensor agents (MSAs) is relevant to a variety of applications, including monitoring of endangered species, civilian security, and military surveillance. This paper presents a new information potential field approach for computing the motion plans and control inputs of a MSA, based on the feedback obtained from a modified particle filter used for tracking multiple moving targets in a region of interest. A modified particle filter is presented that implements a new sampling method based on supporting intervals of normal probability density functions. The method accounts for the latest sensor measurements by adapting a mixture representation of the target probability density functions (PDFs). The target motion is modeled as a semi-Markov jump process, such that the target PDFs, or the PDFs of the Markov parameters, can be updated based on real-time sensor measurements by a centralized processing unit or MSAs supervisor. A new information potential method is presented that computes an artificial potential function based on the output of the modified particle filter. Using this artificial potential, the sensors compute feedback control inputs that allow them to track and monitor a maneuvering target over time, using a bounded field of view (FOV).
Energy Efficiency Optimization for Dense Networks (2019)

The two major challenges for future wireless networks are the ever-growing data traffic and the increasing energy consumption. This chapter discusses the fractional programs and the methods that can be used to solve these, including Dinkelbach's methods, parameter-free equivalent transformation, and successive convex approximation. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is introduced as a powerful approach for parallel optimization algorithms. The chapter illustrates the applications of these tools in two specific scenarios of dense networks. It presents a case study in which optimization tools are applied to optimize the energy efficiency of a dense network where multiple radio access technologies (RATs) coexist. In an ultra-dense network, it is reasonable to assume that there are many geographic areas covered by multiple radio access networks (RANs). The chapter investigates resource allocation in a multi-RAT scenario where users can simultaneously receive data from multiple RANs using multiple air interface.
PP.18.10 (2015)

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased prothrombotic state. Arterial stiffness and microalbuminuria, markers of target organ damage, predict cardiovascular events and are closely related to MS. However, whether prothrombotic status is associated with arterial stiffness and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with MS is not clarified. Design and method: We investigated 524 never-treated hypertensive patients with MS, defined according to ATP III criteria. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) using the Complior device. Albumin excretion was evaluated after 24 h urine collection by immunonephelometry and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated. Homocysteine and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were measured as prothrombotic indices. Results: In the whole population, both PWV and ACR were associated with age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose, homocysteine and PAI-1 (p < 0.01 for all associations). Moreover, ACR was associated with smoking (p = 0.04) and waist-to-hip (W/H) ratio (p < 0.01). In linear regression analysis, when homocysteine and PAI-1 inserted into the same model, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, MAP, W/H, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, PWV was independently related to age, MAP, glucose, homocysteine (b = 0.17, p < 0.001) and PAI-1 (b = 0.13, p = 0.002). Similar independent associations were demonstrated between ACR and age, MAP, glucose, smoking and both homocysteine (b = 0.23, p < 0.001) and PAI-1 (b = 0.15, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Target organ damage is independently associated with prothrombotic state in hypertensive patients with MS. Given the prognostic significance of arterial stiffness and microalbuminuria, therapeutic interventions in patients with hypertension and MS should aim, apart from blood pressure reduction and glucose regulation, also towards lowering prothrombotic state.
Introduction to Reflectarray Antennas (2018)

This introduction presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides scientists and engineers in the fields of antenna, microwave, and electromagnetic, with an up-to-date knowledge of reflectarray antenna theories as well as the design and analysis techniques. It presents a brief description on the reflectarray antenna research history, including various implementations and state-of-the-art. The book is intended for engineers that know the basics of antenna theory and are starting to become familiar with this new generation of high-gain antennas. It is also intended for researchers and specialists that have a good knowledge of the basic theories in reflectarray, and aim at designing reflectarray antennas for specific applications/operations. The book explores the basic theories for analysis and design of reflectarray antennas. It provides design examples, where a variety of reflectarray designs are presented that can serve as a useful reference for interested readers.
Regional cerebral blood flow correlations of somatosensory areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in humans during rest: A PET and cytoarchitectural study (2003)

The concept of functional connectivity relies on the assumption that cortical areas that are directly anatomically connected will show correlations in regional blood flow (rCBF) or regional metabolism. We studied correlations of rCBF of cytoarchitectural areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in the brains of 37 subjects scanned with PET during a rest condition. The cytoarchitectural areas, delineated from 10 postmortem brains with statistical methods, were transformed into the same standard anatomical format as the resting PET images. In areas 3a, 3b, and 1, somatotopically corresponding regions were intercorrelated. Area 2 was correlated with the dorsal pre-motor area. These results were in accordance with the somatosensory connectivity in macaque monkeys. In contrast, we also found correlations between areas 3b and 1 with area 4a, and SMA, and among the left and right hand sector of areas 3a, 3b, and 1. Furthermore, there were no correlations between areas 3b, 1, and 2 with SII or other areas in the parietal operculum, nor of other areas known to be directly connected with areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in macaques. This indicates that rCBF correlations between cortical areas during the rest state only partly reflect their connectivity and that this approach lacks sensitivity and is prone to reveal spurious or indirect connectivity.
Ex-vivo longitudinal tibial growth patterns of rat: gross and histologic features (2015)

Chondrocytes undergo as much as 10 to15-fold increase in volume during endochondral ossification. The volume increase has been demonstrated to be single most significant variable in understanding the qualitative aspect of long bone growth. The objective of the study was to determine and compare the gross growth rate patterns of long bone and chondrocyte cells density at different growth plate zone (GPZ) in 7 to 15 day-old rat’s tibia. Forty five young Sprague-Dawley rats, age 7 to15 day-old were divided into nine age groups. Five rats were allocated to each age group. The rats were sacrificed and the tibia was harvested in standard dissecting media. The tibial lengths were measured before and after incubation at 24, 48 and 72 hours in standard culture media. We observed that there was significant differences (P=0.0001) in bone length growth among age groups under at different incubation periods. Histological sectioning was possible in 7 to 13 day-old rat’s tibia, while sectioning was slightly difficult in 14 and 15 day-old tibia. Significant difference (P=0.001) in chondrocytes density in all the three zones of GP (PCZ, EHCZ and LHCZ)] among different age groups at different incubation periods was observed. We conclude that the tibia from 10 day-old rats can produce maximum growth rate for in-vitro cultivation. Histological sectioning of tibial bones can be carried without the need for decalcification in P7 to P13 rats.
Partial Denaturation of Villin Headpiece upon Binding to a Carbon Nitride Polyaniline (C 3 N) Nanosheet (2020)

Carbon nitride polyaniline (C<sub>3</sub>N) nanosheets, since their recent successful synthesis, have been explored for biomedical applications. However, a thorough study of their interaction with biomolecules is still largely missing. Here, by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we identified the mechanistic determinants of the interaction between a C<sub>3</sub>N nanosheet and the prototypical protein villin headpiece (HP35). Our simulations revealed that, upon adsorption, the nanosheet can cause partial denaturation of HP35 by destructing its interior hydrogen bonds plus other native contacts and unwinding its helices. Our study also demonstrated that the C<sub>3</sub>N/HP35 interaction energy showed stepwise changes during the binding process and held a strong correlation with the loss of HP35 native contacts. The findings shed light on the detailed molecular mechanism behind the interactions, which might benefit the future applications of C<sub>3</sub>N-based nanostructures in biomedicine.
New Era of Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals (2003)

Since its first issue in March 1993, the Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals has truly been “The Voice of Cardiothoracic Medicine in Asia”, and a dream realized for all regional surgeons. Many of these clinicians had felt the sting of rejection from well-established scientific journals. An opportunity existed for them to share their clinical experiences with colleagues in the East and West through a respected medium.
Some solved and unsolved problems of chemoinformatics (2014)

The field of chemoinformatics has developed from different roots, starting in the 1960s. These branches have now merged into a scientific discipline of its own, exchanging ideas and methods across different areas of chemistry. In the last 40 years chemoinformatics has achieved a lot. Without access to the databases in chemistry developed with chemoinformatics methods, modern chemical research would not be able to work at its present high level of competence. However, there are quite a few challenges, such as drug design and understanding the effect of chemicals on human health and on the environment, as well as furthering our knowledge of chemistry and of biological systems, that can benefit from a more intensive use of chemoinformatics methods. Approaches to meet these challenges will be briefly outlined. All this emphasizes that chemoinformatics has matured into a scientific discipline of its own that reaches out to many other chemical fields and will increase in attractiveness to students and researchers.
Photonic chip for laser stabilization to an atomic vapor with 10−11 instability (2018)

Devices based on spectroscopy of atomic vapors can measure physical quantities such as magnetic fields, RF electric fields, time and length, and rotation and have applications in a broad range of fields including communications, medicine, and navigation. We present a type of photonic device that interfaces single-mode silicon nitride optical waveguides with warm atomic vapors, enabling precision spectroscopy in an extremely compact (<1  cm3) package. We perform precision spectroscopy of rubidium confined in a micro-machined, 27  mm3 volume, vapor cell using a collimated free-space 120 μm diameter laser beam derived directly from a single-mode silicon nitride waveguide. With this optical-fiber integrated photonic spectrometer, we demonstrate an optical frequency reference at 780 nm with a stability of 10−11 from 1 to 104  s. This device harnesses the benefits of both photonic integration and precision spectroscopy for the next generation of quantum sensors and devices based on atomic vapors.
A phase 2 study of high-dose Allovectin-7 in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma (2010)

Allovectin-7, a bicistronic plasmid encoding human leukocyte antigen-B7 and beta-2 microglobulin formulated with a cationic lipid system, is an immunotherapeutic agent designed to express allogeneic major histocompatibility complex class I antigen upon intralesional administration. A phase 2 dose-escalation study (VCL-1005-208) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Allovectin-7 in patients with metastatic melanoma. Eligible patients had stage III or IV metastatic melanoma recurrent or unresponsive to prior therapy, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. Patients with brain or visceral (except lung) metastases, abnormal lactate dehydrogenase, or any lesion greater than 100 cm were excluded. Patients received six weekly intralesional injections followed by 3 weeks of observation and evaluation. Overall response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guidelines. Patients with stable or responding disease were eligible to receive additional cycles of Allovectin-7. All 133 patients were evaluated for safety and 127 patients (2 mg, high dose) were evaluated for efficacy. Fifteen patients (11.8%, 95% confidence interval: 6.2-17.4) achieved an objective response with median duration of response of 13.8 months (95% confidence interval: 8.5, not estimable). A histological examination of tissue from two responding patients who had their lesions resected has shown no evidence of melanoma. Median time-to-progression in this study was 1.6 months. In conclusion, these results indicate that high-dose Allovectin-7 seems to be an active, well-tolerated treatment for selected stage III/IV metastatic melanoma patients with injectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal lesions.