gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crash Impact Characteristics of Helicopter Composite Structures (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the results of a research program to investigate the crash impact behavior of helicopter composite structures designed to meet the U.S. Army’s crashworthiness requirements specified in MIL-STD-1290. The program included design, fabrication, and crash testing of two full-scale composite helicopter cabin sections. The drop test conditions for the two cabin sections were representative of the 42 ft/s vertical crash impact velocity requirement specified in MIL-STD-1290 assuming the landing gear had slowed the aircraft from 42 ft/s to 30 ft/s prior to fuselage contact. Roll attitudes of 0° (flat) and 20° were used in the two cabin drop tests. Test results from both drop tests indicated that the strong protective shell structure around the occupants remained intact; structural deformation was restricted to the areas designed to crush and absorb energy; and most important, the excellent post-test condition of the cabin protective shell structure and the performance of specially designed energy-absorbing components demonstrated that the Army’s crashworthiness requirement could be met by a composite structure. The KRASH computer program was used for the crash impact analysis of the cabin sections. Load-deformation characteristics of key energy-absorbing components were derived from design support test data and used as input to the KRASH analysis. Based on the good crash impact performance of the composite cabins and the comparison of analytical and test results, KRASH proved to be a useful and reasonably accurate analysis tool for the design of helicopter composite structures to meet the Army’s crash-worthiness requirements.&lt;/div&gt;
An Advanced Method for the Preparation of Erucyl Dimethyl Amidopropyl Betaine and Acid Solution Properties (2012)

Abstract In this paper, an improved method for the preparation of erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine (EDAB) was provided. The synthesis conditions were investigated. N,N-dimethyl-N′-erucyl-1,3-propylenediamine was synthesized by the reaction of erucic acid with N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine at 170°C for 7 h, and then the intermediate was reacted with sodium chloroacetate in the mixture of methanol and water (3:7 v/v) at 60°C. The product was obtained after 6 h. The compounds were confirmed by IR and 1 H-NMR. The properties of EDAB acid solution were also studied. The results indicated that viscosity of acid solution increased with decreasing hydrochloric acid concentration and was mainly controlled by surfactant concentration and temperature. The viscosity of an acid solution was maximum when the concentration of hydrochloric acid was at 15 wt%.
Nitride etching with hydrofluorocarbons. II. Evaluation of C4H9F for tight pitch Si3N4 patterning applications (2018)

A novel etch chemistry, C4H9F was evaluated for highly selective patterning of SiN using both organic and SiOx masks for line/space and cylindrical geometries. Patterning of 80 nm of SiN using 65 nm of the organic planarization layer (OPL) mask with a C4H9F:O2:CF4 admixture yielded line edge roughness (LER) and line width roughness (LWR) values of 1.9 and 2.8 nm on sub-25 nm critical dimension (CD) SiN lines at 50 nm pitch, with &amp;gt;50 nm mask retention up to 40% overetch values. The LER and LWR values were 60% and 66% lower than features patterned using a CF4:CHF3 admixture, which also exhibited complete OPL mask loss and nitride erosion of 27 nm even at the endpointed etch condition. Using 20 nm of SiOx as a mask and removing CF4 from the chemistry admixture, LER and LWR values of 2.7 and 3.3 nm were achieved with nearly full SiOx retention for features of identical dimensions. At smaller mask pitches (21 and 24 nm) formed by directed self-assembly of high-χ block copolymers, the highly selective nature of C4H9F to organic masks facilitated SiN pattern transfer where CF4 based admixtures failed, achieving line CDs of ∼12 nm with LWR and LER of 1.6 and 2.2 nm. Applied to alternate geometry, hole patterning in SiN at ∼30 nm CD and 60 nm pitch was demonstrated. A subsequent image reversal process yielded pillars by filling the hole pattern with OPL and etching back the surrounding SiN layer, reaffirming the extremely high selectivity of C4H9F to organic masks.
Subcellular-resolution recording of electrical activity using a CMOS-microelectroode system (2009)

A high-density planar microelectrode system (HD-MEA), based on complementary metal-oxide-semi-conductor (CMOS) microelectronics technology has been used for in vitro recordings of extracellular potentials. At the same time, subcelllular lateral resolution and high temporal resolution (sampling at 20 kHz) of cellular electrical activity have been achieved at unprecedented signal quality (noise levels as low as7–9µV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RMS</inf> . The system has been applied to various samples, amongst those slices, and the temporal evolution of sigle-cell action potential has been studied in detail. The signals of a single cell were visible on more than 50 of the tightly spaced electrodes.
Cadmium partition coefficients of cultured benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii (2004)

Cadmium partition coefficients (DCd) between calcitic tests of the benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii (Linné) and brackish water were measured from sediment free microcosms. Dissolved cadmium concentrations were prepared at 4.3, 6.4 and 9.0 nmol l-1 at 18°C and 2.3, 5.3 nmol l-1 at 13°C and we obtained DCd of 1.8 ± 0.2 (n = 7), 1.0 ± 0.1 (n = 8), 1.2 ± 0.2 (n = 19), 2.8 ± 0.6 (n = 6) and 1.0 ± 0.2 (n = 10), respectively. The values of DCd close to 1.0 show that foraminiferal carbonates do not lead to a cadmium segregation with the surrounding water and in the light of these data, a published biomineralization model is discussed. The hypothesis of a diffusion limited uptake of ions during the mineralization process is developed to explain DCd ≅ 1.0. The hypothesis is tested by calculations in the case of sea water (warm surface, S = 35 psu) and culture experiments. These calculations revealed that carbonate diffusion time are consistent with the chamber formation time usually observed in culture experiments for this species. It shows that CO32+ is the first limiting ion but does not allow us to conclude that Ca2+ uptake is also diffusion limited. Equations showed that ion diffusion coefficients could also control DCd. From cultures 2.3 and 4.3 nmol l-1, DCd was 2.8 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 0.2, respectively. The assumption of remaining living Dunaliella cells in the food of these cultures could lead to an unexpected absorption of Cd2+. The hypothesis of solution mixture during experiment stoping a diffusion limited uptake, could also explain these partitioning values.
Interactions between ring polymers in dilute solution studied by Monte Carlo simulation (2015)

The second virial coefficient, A2, for trivial-ring polymers in dilute condition was estimated from a Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and the temperature dependence of A2 has been discussed with their Flory's scaling exponent, ν, in Rg ∝ N(ν), where Rg is radius of gyration of a polymer molecule. A limited but not too small number of polymer molecules were employed in the simulation, and the A2 values at various temperatures were calculated from the molecular density fluctuation in the solution. In the simulation, the topology of ring polymers was kept, since chain crossing was prohibited. The excluded volume effects can be screened by the attractive force between segments, which depends on the temperature, Tα, defined in the Metropolis MC method. Linear and trivial-ring polymers have the ν value of 1/2 at Tα = 10.605 and 10.504. At Tα = 10.504, the excluded volume effects are screened by the attractive force generated between segments in a ring polymer, but the A2 value for ring polymers is positive. Thus, the temperature at A2 = 0 for a ring polymer is lower than that at ν = 1/2, and this fact can be explained with the following two reasons. (a) Rg value for a ring polymer is much smaller than that for a linear polymer at the same temperature and molecular weight, where interpenetration of a ring polymer chain into neighboring chains is apparently less than a linear chain. (b) The conformation of trivial rings can be statistically described as a closed random walk at ν = 1/2, but their topologies are kept, being produced topological constraints, which strongly relate not only to the long-distance interaction between segments in a molecule but also the inter-molecular interaction.
연구논문 : 유기용매에 의한 실리카 나노입자의 응집조절과 비불소계 자기조립박막을 이용한 초발수 표면 제조 (2015)

본 연구에서는 발수성 재료로 쓰이고 상대적으로 가격이 비싼 불소계 실란을 대체하기 위해 octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)을 사용하였다. 코팅층의 기계적 접착강도를 향상시키기 위해 무기 바인더를 산 촉매 하에서 졸-겔 반응에 의해 분산시켜 합성하였다. 합성된 실리카 나노입자는 나노크기의 거칠기를 제공하기 때문에 초소수성을 쉽게 얻기 어려우므로 유기용매에 의한 입자의 응집을 유도하였다. 실리카 나노입자의 적절한 크기 선택에 따라 OTS를 사용해서 표면을 소수화 시킨후 유기용매의 양이 증가함에 따라 초소수성의 표면을 얻었고 극도의 물 반발 거동이 zero sliding angle과 함께 관찰되었다. 이러한 초소수성은 용매와의 혼합과 상관없이 유전상수가 25보다 작은 값을 가졌으며 용매 내에서 입자의 응집을 통해 유도된 초소수성 표면을 제조하는 것이 저유전상수값에 대한 지표가 되었다.
Low cost multi band-OFDM for remote modulation of colourless ONU in hybrid WDM/TDM-PON architecture (2007)

We demonstrate the use of OFDM for remote modulation of colourless ONU as a low cost solution for upstream transmission in a hybrid WDM/TDM-PON architecture. A comparison is performed between two potential solutions. (2 pages)
Ultrasonic Concentration in a Line-Driven Cylindrical Tube (2004)

The fractionation of particles from their suspending fluid or noninvasive micromanipulation of particles in suspension has many applications ranging from the recovery of valuable reagents from process flows to the fabrication of microelectromechanical devices. Techniques based on size, density, solubility, or electromagnetic properties exist for fulfilling these needs, but many particles have traits that preclude their use such as small size, neutral buoyancy, or uniform electromagnetic characteristics. While separation by those techniques may not be possible, often compressibility differences exist between the particle and fluid that would allow fractionation by acoustic forces. The potential of acoustic separation is known, but due to inherent difficulties in achieving and maintaining accurate alignment of the transduction system, it is rarely utilized. The objective of this project is to investigate the use of structural excitation as a potentially efficient concentration/fractionation method for particles in suspension. It is demonstrated that structural excitation of a cylindrically symmetric cavity, such as a tube, allows non-invasive, fast, and low power concentration of particles suspended in a fluid. The inherent symmetry of the system eliminates the need for careful alignment inherent in current acoustic concentration devices. Structural excitation distributes the acoustic field throughout the volume of the cavity, which also significantly reduces temperature gradients and acoustic streaming in the fluid; cavitation is no longer an issue. The lowest-order coupled modes of a long cylindrical glass tube and fluid-filled cavity, driven by a line contact, are tuned, via material properties and aspect ratio, to achieve a coupled dipolar vibration of the system, shown to generate efficient concentration of particles to the central axis of the tube. A two dimensional elastodynamic model of the system was developed and subsequently utilized to optimize particle concentration within the system. The effects of tubing, fluid, and particle material properties, tube geometry, fluid flow, and tube length on the structural excitation and consequently power requirements and concentration quality within the tube were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Limitations of the method are discussed, as well as ways to minimize or compensate for deleterious effects. Finally a preliminary demonstration of the efficacy of acoustic concentration is presented.
Geoarchaeological research in the coastal plain portion of the Savannah River valley (1986)

Abstract Selected archaeological, stratigraphical, sedimentological, hydrological, sea level, and 14 C data are considered in order to ascertain the times and rates of saltmarsh, floodplain, river swamp, and alluvial terrace development in the lower Savannah River valley. Archaeological data are emphasized in the elucidation of these developmental trends and their environmental correlates. It is concluded that the modern environments associated with the categories of archaeological sites examined (estuarine shell middens, river swamp point bar sites, raised terrace/point bar sites) are not representative of local conditions during occupation(s). Accordingly, a mid‐Holocene development of lower energy depositional environments is documented, along with a corresponding shift in subsistence‐settlement patterning that suggests more diffuse, or broad spectrum, socio‐economic strategies. A base level (sea level) dominance on river sedimentation, even far inland from the coast, may also be indicated.
ParseNet: Looking Wider to See Better (2015)

We present a technique for adding global context to deep convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. The approach is simple, using the average feature for a layer to augment the features at each location. In addition, we study several idiosyncrasies of training, significantly increasing the performance of baseline networks (e.g. from FCN). When we add our proposed global feature, and a technique for learning normalization parameters, accuracy increases consistently even over our improved versions of the baselines. Our proposed approach, ParseNet, achieves state-of-the-art performance on SiftFlow and PASCAL-Context with small additional computational cost over baselines, and near current state-of-the-art performance on PASCAL VOC 2012 semantic segmentation with a simple approach. Code is available at https://github.com/weiliu89/caffe/tree/fcn .
Universal Operations: Unary versus Binary (Extended Abstract) (2007)

) Hagit Attiya and Eyal Dagan Department of Computer Science The Technion Haifa 32000, Israel Abstract An algorithm for implementing binary operations (of any type) from unary load-linked (LL) and storeconditional (SC ) operations is presented. The performance of the algorithm is measured by its sensitivity, i.e., how far (in terms of distances in the graph induced by the contention among overlapping operations) should operations be in order not to influence the step complexity of each other. The sensitivity of this implementation is at most O(log n), where n is the number of the processors in the system. That is, operations that are at least O(log n) apart in the contention graph do not delay each other. In some cases, where the data sets of the operations are restricted, e.g., in operations used to implement linked lists and heaps, the sensitivity is O(1). We also prove a negative result. We show that there is a problem which can be solved in O(1) steps using binary LL/SC o...
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Syntheses of Crown Compounds (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of Diisocyanates on Morphological and In Vitro Biological Efficacy of Eco-Friendly Castor-Oil-Based Water-Borne Polyurethane Dispersions (2022)

The search for renewable resources that can replace petroleum products is not only nerve-wracking, but also perplexing, as there is an abundance of plants that have yet to be explored. In this project, virgin castor oil was converted to polyol in two steps: epoxidation and hydroxylation. The resulting polyol was used to synthesize two series of water-borne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs). The effects of the diisocyanates on the final product were evaluated. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (H<sub>12</sub>MDI) were used as the hard segment (HS) up to 72 wt%, along with 1-4 butanediol (BD) as the chain extender, for the dispersions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the bonds required for the synthesis of the dispersions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the multistep degradation for both series: maximum degradation took place at 500 °C for IPDI and 600 °C for H<sub>12</sub>MDI-based series. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed phase-segmented morphology. Hemolytic activity was observed at biologically safe levels of up to 7.5% for H<sub>12</sub>MDI-based series. Inhibition of biofilm formation showed comparable results against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>): up to 46%. The results were also confirmed by phase contrast microscopy.
Varicella Vaccine and Susceptible Pregnant Mothers (1996)

Although the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases presented an excellent review on the use of varicella vaccine in children, we are concerned about their recommendation to give the vaccine to children of pregnant women. The Committee recommends, "A pregnant mother or other household member is not a contraindication for vaccination of the child." In contrast, the manufacturer gives the following precaution: "Vaccine recipients should avoid close association with susceptible high-risk individuals (eg, newborns, pregnant women, and immunocompromised persons."
SERGEANT: A framework for building more flexible web agents by exploiting a search engine (2005)

With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web, there is growing interest in developing web agents that interact with online services to acquire information. However, finding the online services perfectly suited for a given task is not always feasible. First, the agents might not be given sufficient information to fill in the required input fields for querying an online service. Second, the online service might generate only partial information. Third, the agents might need to know the information about B by some input set A, but they can only find the online services that generate A from B. Fourth, most of the online services do not tolerate errors in the inputs, thus even a minor typo in the input field can hinder them from generating any meaningful results. This paper proposes SERGEANT, a framework for building flexible web agents that handle these imperfect situations. In this framework we exploit an information retrieval (IR) system as a general discovery tool to assist finding and pruning information. To demonstrate SERGEANT, we implemented two web agents: the Internet inverse geocoder and the address lookup module. Our experiments show that these agents are capable of generating high-quality results under imperfect situations.
Novel Delivery Technologies for Protein and Peptide Therapeutics (2006)

The protein and peptide therapeutics have become an important class of drugs due to advancement in molecular biology and recombinant technology. There are more than 100 biopharmaceutical products approved and generating revenue of more than 56 billion US dollars. A safe, effective and patient friendly delivery of these agents is the key to commercial success. Currently, most of therapeutic proteins are administered by the parenteral route which has many drawbacks. Various delivery strategies and specialized companies have evolved over the past few years to improve delivery of proteins and peptides. Polymeric depot and PEGylation technologies have overcome some of the issues associated with parenteral delivery. A considerable research has been focused on non-invasive routes such as pulmonary, per oral and transdermal for delivery of proteins and peptides, in order to increase patient compliance yet their delivery via non-invasive routes remains challenge due to their poor absorption and enzymatic instability. Pulmonary route has shown some success evidenced by recent FDA approval of inhalable insulin. Development of an oral dosage form for protein therapeutics is still the most desirable one but with greater challenge. This review presents the issues of delivery of proteins and peptides, current and potential formulation technologies to improve delivery and current market trends.
Solid State NMR Possibilities in the Characterisation of Cellulose and Its Derivatives (2005)

The multiform morphology of cellulose enables very versatile possibilities to use NMR spectroscopy and also a variety of ways to approach the structure of cellulose. The ordinary {13}C CPMAS measurement is used to study the morphology of cellulose in various contexts. The differences in the spin-relaxation times (T{1ρH}) of different spatial domains are utilised to separate the components into subspectra of their own. Dipolar interactions between protons and carbons are used to cause dephasing of the protonated signals to edit spectroscopically the CPMAS spectra. In our studies we have applied these solid state NMR methods to characterise wood, thermally modified wood, pulp, residual lignin and recently also to the investigation of cellulose derivatives.
Multi-Sensory Techniques in Spelling Instruction: An Action Research Study for Students with Dyslexia (2016)

The purpose of this action research project was to use instructional inquiry to study multisensory spelling instruction with a single fourth grade student diagnosed with dyslexia. Multisensory teaching techniques and strategies stimulate learning by engaging students on multiple levels encouraging students to use some or all of their senses. To examine the effectiveness of multisensory teaching techniques in spelling, I conducted pre- and post assessments of two spelling inventories, collected weekly dictated sentences, identified writing samples from his classroom, and had conversations with the student and the student’s teacher. The student continued to receive intervention services as previously scheduled twice every six days for forty-five minutes. During these sessions multisensory techniques were taught and reviewed using his current spelling lists. Pre-assessment targeted dictations occurred every six days before a new phonics feature was introduced. Post assessments occurred every six days after the completion of the multisensory spelling treatment. I built reliability in my findings by triangulating data resources and combining methodologies. Limitations of this study include the single participant, single grade level, single teacher bias in scoring, collection of writing samples and multiple teacher instruction. This student also received extra support in the area of writing and math.
Easing the Pain for Disputants: Fundamentals of Environmental Mediation (1998)

Abstract “ If we don't change the way we are going, we will end up where we are headed ,” the saying goes. Well, with respect to environmental disputes, we are changing the way we are going, and we are doing it primarily through mediation. We are reaching for and finding cooperative, collaborative, and less expensive ways of solving problems. We are using mediation to eliminate or minimize the side effects of environmental issues and problematic sites. We are avoiding or dramatically reducing the “transactional” costs that have devastated so many persons and businesses involved in environmental problems. And we are finding ways to utilize collective intelligence and minimize collective damage through mediation. It's definitely good business.