gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1101. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Demographics of GII.4 vs. Other GII Noroviruses Associated With Sporadic Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Nashville, TN, 2012–2015 (2018)

Abstract Background Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups. Although at least 28 different genotypes infecting humans have been reported, most outbreaks over the last 15 years have been caused by genogroup II (GII) viruses, of which GII.4 viruses have caused more than 50%. Since clinical differences between different genotypes are poorly understood, we sought to compare clinical characteristics in children infected with GII.4 and non-GII.4 viruses. Methods Children between 15 days and 17 years who presented with AGE defined as diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in a 24 hour period) or vomiting (≥1 episodes in a 24 hour period) within 10 days duration were recruited in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient settings in Nashville, TN, during 2012–2015. Stool specimens were tested by RT-qPCR for GI and GII norovirus. Norovirus-positive specimens were genotyped by sequencing of a partial region of the capsid gene. In this study, we excluded children infected with GI, mixed GI/GII and non-typeable GII viruses. Results Of 3,705 AGE subjects enrolled, 2,892 (78%) specimens were collected, 637 (22%) tested norovirus-positive (567 [89%] GII, 62 [10%] GI, and 8 [1%] mixed GI/GII). Of the 567 GII viruses, 461 (81%) were able to be genotyped and of those 238/461 (51.6%) were typed as GII.4 and 223/461 (48.3%) were typed as other GII genotypes (non-GII.4, primarily GII.3 [65/ 461, 14.1%], GII.6 [48/461, 10.4%] and GII.7 [36/461, 7.8%]). Over three AGE seasons, GII.4 represented 64/117 (54%), 79/178 (44%), and 71/166 (57%), of the GII infections, respectively. Compared with non-GII.4 subjects, GII.4 subjects were more likely to be younger (15.5 vs. 21.3 months, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and less likely to attend daycare (23% vs. 39%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). GII.4 subjects also were more likely to present with diarrhea (75% vs. 57%, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and had higher median modified Vesikari score (7 vs. 6, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion Children infected with GII.4 viruses were younger, less likely to attend child care, more likely to present with diarrhea, and had a more severe illness compared with those with non-GII.4 infections. These data provide important information on the genotype distribution of norovirus in children with AGE in Tennessee and highlight GII.4 as the most prevalent strain. Disclosures N. Halasa, sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research support. GSK: Consultant, Consulting fee. Moderna: Consultant, Consulting fee.
Robust Polymeric Microchannel Coatings for Microchip-Based Analysis of Neat PCR Products (2001)

Several silica coatings have been evaluated for replicate PCR product analysis in capillaries and electrophoretic microchips. Silica coatings are an essential component to many electrophoretic separations, and this importance is magnified in microchips, where separation distances are minimized. Increasing the resistance of coatings to separation conditions improves the reproducibility and longevity of the coated microchip, which allows for the full potential of these devices (rapid separations, high through-put, and longevity) to be realized. In this study, several coating parameters have been evaluated experimentally and through the literature to produce a coating with high resistance to the separation conditions of interest, neat PCR product separations. Coating degradation induced under these conditions was tested for several coatings, and the influence of surface hydroxylation, surface hydration, silanization solvent, silanizing reagent, catalysis, endcapping, and polymerization procedure are discussed. Under the testing conditions, a coating (coating E) prepared by silanization with chlorodimethyloctylsilane in toluene with a polymer layer of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) attached by a hydrogen abstraction method [Srinivasan, K.; Pohl, C.; Avdalovic, N. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2798-2805] was most resistant. This coating was tested for longevity on electrophoretic microchips and was compared to the traditional coating of polyacrylamide. The coatings produced similar resolution and efficiencies; however, coating E provided more reproducible migration times and had performed for 635 analyses when testing was terminated. This procedure provides a reproducible, resistant surface coating, thus allowing for replicate analysis of neat PCR product on microchips.
Particle characterization of CVD tungsten metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM (1991)

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) tungsten metallization is used to increase VLSI device performance due to its low resistivity, and improved reliability over other metallization schemes. Because of its conformal nature as a blanket film, CVD-W has been adapted to multiple levels of metal which increases circuit density. It has been used to fabricate 16 MBIT DRAM technology in a manufacturing environment, and is the metallization for 64 MBIT DRAM technology currently under development. In this work, we investigate some sources of contamination. One possible source of contamination is impurities in the feed tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) gas. Another is particle generation from the various reactor components. Another generation source is homogeneous particle generation of particles from the WF6 gas itself. The purpose of this work is to investigate and analyze CVD-W process-generated particles, and establish a particle characterization methodology.
Table S2 from Heritability of Mammographic Breast Density, Density Change, Microcalcifications, and Masses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Univariate ACE estimates after re-randomisation of siblings&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME 9‐, 10‐, AND 11‐MEMBERED RING COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A NITROGEN ATOM, 2,3,4,5,6,7‐HEXAHYDRO‐1H‐3‐BENZAZONINES, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐OCTAHYDRO‐3‐BENZAZOCINES, AND 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9‐OCTAHYDRO‐1H‐3‐BENZAZACYCLOUNDECANES (1973)

Abstract Die Reduktion der Ketoester (I) zu (II) und nachfolgende Hydrolyse liefert die Aminosäuren (III), die sich beim Erhitzen in einem hochsiedendem Lösungsmittel in die Lactame (IV) umwandeln.
Effects of Hospital and Surgeon Volume on Patient Outcomes After Total Joint Arthroplasty: Reported From the American Joint Replacement Registry (2022)

III.
Clinical, Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Hepatitis “Non-A, Non-B”—a Comparison with Hepatitis A and B (1979)

Sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV of IgM-class. Serological markers indicating hepatitis A infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis B in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type “non-A, non-B”. The latter group mainly comprised drug addicts (50.8%), cases of post-transfusion hepatitis (11.1%) and patients without obvious hepatitis exposure (28.6%). In spite of these epidemiological similarities to hepatitis B, the maximum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were comparable to those in patients with hepatitis A and significantly lower than in hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis developed in 7.1% of the “non-A, non-B” patients, a figure close to that reported for hepatitis B.
Altered Growth in Male Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Heterozygous Mice: Involvement of PPARγ in a Negative Feedback Regulation of Growth Hormone Action (2004)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays a major role in fat tissue development and physiology. Mutations in the gene encoding this receptor have been associated to disorders in lipid metabolism. A thorough investigation of mice in which one PPARgamma allele has been mutated reveals that male PPARgamma heterozygous (PPARgamma +/-) mice exhibit a reduced body size associated with decreased body weight, reflecting lean mass reduction. This phenotype is reproduced when treating the mice with a PPARgamma- specific antagonist. Monosodium glutamate treatment, which induces weight gain and alters body growth in wild-type mice, further aggravates the growth defect of PPARgamma +/- mice. The levels of circulating GH and that of its downstream effector, IGF-I, are not altered in mutant mice. However, the IGF-I mRNA level is decreased in white adipose tissue (WAT) of PPARgamma +/- mice and is not changed by acute administration of recombinant human GH, suggesting an altered GH action in the mutant animals. Importantly, expression of the gene encoding the suppressor of cytokine signaling-2, which is an essential negative regulator of GH signaling, is strongly increased in the WAT of PPARgamma +/- mice. Although the relationship between the altered GH signaling in WAT and reduced body size remains unclear, our results suggest a novel role of PPARgamma in GH signaling, which might contribute to the metabolic disorder affecting insulin signaling in PPARgamma mutant mice.
A Programmable Phase Shifter for Sinusoidal Signals (1996)

A simple current(voltage)‐controlled phase shifter is presented. The circuit uses a small number of active and passive Components. The feasibility of obtaining a temperature‐insensitive phase shifter is explored. Experimental and simulation results are included.
Structural evaluation of Eisenhower and Snell Locks, Saint Lawrence Seaway, Massena, New York (1991)

The Eisenhower and Snell Locks were constructed between 1955 and 1958 as part of an international cooperative effort to build the Saint Lawrence Seaway. In February 1990, the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation requested that the Corps of Engineers perform a structural evaluation study of these two locks to determine the adequacy of the existing locks considering present conditions and future needs, and to determine the advisability of their rehabilitation. The study focuses on the internal structural integrity of the chamber wall monoliths at each lock. The study consisted of three phases: (1) Perform field tests and laboratory tests to determine the current state of the in situ concrete in the chamber wall monoliths and the concrete properties needed for the stress analyses; (2) determine the state of stress within the chamber wall monoliths using nonlinear, two-dimensional, soil-structure interaction finite element analyses; and (3) use dynamic finite element analyses of two monoliths to assess their structural integrity during earthquakes. To support the dynamic analysis, a geological seismological investigation was conducted to provide the ground motions, time histories, and corresponding response spectra that could be expected during a seismic event in the region.
How to Find an Appropriate K for K-Anonymization (2014)

Personalization has been implemented in a variety of services. k-anonymity is the most common definition for the anonymization of personal data sets, and is considered to be a normal feature of personal data exchanges. However, there is an important issue: How to find an appropriate k for k-anonymity. In this paper, we present a model for finding an appropriate k in k-anonymization. The model suggests that an optimal k exists that is appropriate to the balance between value and risk when personal data are published. This is the first step towards realizing an optimized configuration for publication of personal data.
10.6 A 12b 16GS/s RF-Sampling Capacitive DAC for Multi-Band Soft-Radio Base-Station Applications with On-Chip Transmission-Line Matching Network in 16nm FinFET (2021)

Future multi-band software-defined-radio base-stations for digital beamforming and massive MIMO applications depend heavily on the availability of highly linear and compact data converters with good power efficiency, while at the same time offering multi-GHz signal-bandwidth at sampling rates well in excess of 10GS/s. Wideband RF-sampling D/A-converters have traditionally been implemented in current-steering architectures, mostly with extensive calibration infrastructure [1] -[3]. The transistor stack required to achieve the necessary static and dynamic output impedance for the code-steered current sources leads to limited supply voltage scalability, while the capacitive self-loading by the current-source array makes true wideband matching at the RF-output inherently difficult. Capacitive digital-to-analog converters (C-DAC) have been widely used as RF DAC or switched-capacitor power amplifiers. Up to now digital transmitters have used C-DACs with inherent mixing functionality in polar or IQ systems for synthesis of high-power RF signals of moderate bandwidth of up to 160MHz [4] -[6]. This work uses a capacitive DAC as a direct RF-sampling DAC with moderate output power level for direct signal synthesis over a bandwidth from 0.5GHz up to at least 8GHz.
cAMP Inhibition of Akt Is Mediated by Activated and Phosphorylated Rap1b (2002)

Rap1b has been implicated in the transduction of the cAMP mitogenic signal. Rap1b is phosphorylated and activated by cAMP, and its expression in cells where cAMP is mitogenic leads to an increase in G(1)/S phase entry and tumor formation. The PCCL3 thyroid follicular cells represent a differentiated and physiologically relevant system that requires thyrotropin (TSH), acting via cAMP, for a full mitogenic response. In this model system, cAMP stimulation of DNA synthesis requires activation and phosphorylation of Rap1b by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). This scenario presents the challenge of identifying biochemical processes involved in the phosphorylation-dependent Rap1b mitogenic action. In thyroid cells, Akt has been implicated in the stimulation of cell proliferation by TSH and cAMP. However, the mechanism(s) by which cAMP regulates Akt activity remains unclear. In this study we show that in PCCL3 cells 1) TSH inhibits Akt activity via cAMP and PKA; 2) Rap1b is required for cAMP inhibition of Akt; and 3) transduction of the cAMP signal into Akt requires activation as well as phosphorylation of Rap1b by PKA.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Water‐Soluble Titanium Complexes as Precursors for Synthesis of Titanium‐Containing Oxides via Aqueous Solution Processes (2010)

Abstract Review: 100 refs.
Metastable phase formation from undercooled melt of oxide material (2011)

Undercooling a melt often facilitates a metastable phase to nucleate preferentially. Although the classical nucleation theory shows that the most critical factor for forming a metastable phase is the interface free energy, the crystallographic stability is also indispensable for the phase to be frozen at ambient temperature. In compound materials such as oxides, authors have suggested that the decisive factors for forming a critical nucleus are not only the free energy difference but also the difference of the entropy of fusion between stable and metastable phases. In the present study, using REFeO3 (RE: rare-earth element) as a model material, we investigate the formation of a metastable phase from undercooled melts with respect to the competitive nucleation and crystallographical stabilities of both phases.
Craniosynostosis and Resynostosis (2016)

Craniosynostosis occurs in approximately 1 in 2,000 children and results from the premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures. If left untreated, craniosynostosis can cause numerous complications as related to an increase in intracranial pressure or as a direct result from cranial deformities, or both. More than 100 known mutations may cause syndromic craniosynostosis, but the majority of cases are nonsyndromic, occurring as isolated defects. Most cases of craniosynostosis require complex cranial vault reconstruction that is associated with a high risk of morbidity. While the first operation typically has few complications, bone rapidly regrows in up to 40% of children who undergo it. This resynostosis typically requires additional surgical intervention, which can be associated with a high incidence of life-threatening complications. This article reviews work related to the dental and maxillofacial implications of craniosynostosis and discusses clinically relevant animal models related to craniosynostosis and resynostosis. In addition, information is provided on the imaging modalities used to study cranial defects in animals and humans.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (1985)

Treatment and prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) should be guided by an understanding of the metabolic decompensation that occurs in this medical emergency. The primary cause of DKA is insulin deficiency, which may be precipitated by infection or other forms of stress. As hyperglycemia exceeds the renal threshold, it leads to osmotic diuresis, electrolyte loss, and eventually dehydration. Treatment, therefore, consists primarily of insulin administration and replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Likewise, prevention hinges on avoiding insulin deficiency by tight control of blood glucose levels and compensation for stress. Because of the metabolic derangements of DKA, some laboratory tests can be misleading and need to be carefully interpreted.
Preliminary experience using an optimized three-point transformation algorithm for spatial registration of coordinate systems: a method of noninvasive localization using frame-based stereotactic guidance systems (1994)

This study describes the use of an optimized three-point transformation algorithm to spatially cross-register a volumetric computerized tomographic scan or magnetic resonance image data set with the coordinate system of a stereotactic frame. This algorithm was tested for accuracy using a scanned phantom in which calculated targets, using the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) frame picket-fence algorithm as a standard, could be compared to physical targets measured using a BRW arc and phantom. These target values were then compared to target values calculated with the optimized three-point algorithm. This method was used for target localization in 21 patients. Following this noninvasive localization method, the standard BRW stereotactic system was used for guidance. The application accuracy of this frameless localization technique was within the limits of the scan slice thickness in 16 of 21 cases, with an average error of 2.11 mm in an average scan slice thickness of 3.1 mm. Intracranial targets were successfully reached in all cases without morbidity or mortality. The algorithm can be customized to cross-register image data sets with the coordinate systems of a wide variety of stereotactic guidance systems. The method increases the convenience and flexibility of frame-based stereotactic guidance by providing a means of noninvasive localization that can be accomplished electively at a separate time from the guidance part of a stereotactic operative procedure.
Respiration rate calculation using low power DSP processor and SpO<inf>2</inf> sensor (2011)

This paper proposes a practical implementation of a low power DSP algorithm for respiration rate measurement using the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor (finger pulse oximeter of SpO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensor). The algorithm was first implemented and tested on a control data using matlab, to prove its validity. A number of datasets were tested with respiration rates ranging from 9 to 39 breaths per minute. The algorithm was ported to the MSP430F5437 DSP microcontroller, and the accuracy, timing and power consumption of the algorithm were measured for different clock frequencies. We showed that an algorithm of such complexity could be executed in real time in an embedded application, and the breath rate could be measured re-using the existing sensor for pulse oximetry, but with lower accuracy than using the dedicated sensor.
Molecular dynamics study of the stability of methane structure H clathrate hydrates (2007)

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the stability of structure H (sH) methane clathrate hydrates in a 3 x 3 x 3 sH unit cell replica. Simulations are performed at experimental conditions of 300 K and 2 GPa for three methane intermolecular potentials. The five small cages of the sH unit cell are assigned methane guest occupancies of one and large cage guest occupancies of one to five are considered. Radial distribution functions, unit cell volumes, and configurational energies are studied as a function of large cage CH(4) occupancy. Free energy calculations are carried out to determine the stability of clathrates for large cage occupancies. Large cage occupancy of five is the most stable configuration for a Lennard-Jones united-atom potential and the Tse-Klein-McDonald potential parametrized for condensed methane phases and two for the most stable configuation for the Murad and Gubbins potential.
A silicon anti-virus engine (2015)

This article consists of a single slide from the authors' conference presentation. The topics include: Growing Malware Threats; Limitations of Software Anti-Virus; Catching Seen Malware; and Catching Unseen Malware.
<title>Application of low-scattering photon correlation spectroscopy for blood monitoring</title> (2001)

Extension of the photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) technique in low scattering regime was employed to the samples of whole blood studied. A few times scattered light from a weak helium-neon laser beam incident on the cuvette with the blood sample was detected by a photo-multiplier, and both temporal intensity autocorrelation functions and power spectra were measured with digital autocorrelator and spectrum analyzer. The potentialities of the qualitative and quantitative determining of the structural characteristics of blood elements are demonstrated. To analyze the blood samples we propose to use the PCS technique extended for the transition regime of scattering from single to multiple. The studies made permits the use of the technique for the in vitro clinical blood testing.
Outer membrane proteins of bovine strains of Pasteurella multocida type A and their doubtful role as protective antigens (1990)

Outer membranes were prepared by the Sarkosyl method from 30 strains of Pasteurella multocida and the closely related Taxon 13, which had been isolated from cattle. The patterns of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) on SDS-PAGE were generally similar to one another, though the four major proteins (a-d) varied somewhat in molecular mass; these patterns allowed the strains to be arranged into 12 groups. Taxon 13 strains and typical P. multocida strains were indistinguishable, both types being found within the same group. Mice were vaccinated with heat-killed bacteria of three strains and challenged with 10 LD50 of homologous and heterologous live bacteria, representing groups based on OMP patterns; the best protection was afforded by strain W674, which protected against nine of the 17 challenge strains; but there was no correlation between protection and PAGE pattern. Pre-vaccination and pre-challenge sera were used in immunoblotting to probe OMPs from protective and non-protective strains. All three vaccines produced antibody to proteins a and d; these proteins appeared to be common to all strains, varying in molecular mass but not in overall antigenic expression. The antibody response to the other two major OMPs appeared to be PAGE-group specific. There was no correlation between protection and the antigen pattern seen by immunoblotting.
Cardioembolic and Small Vessel Disease Stroke Show Differences in Associations between Systemic C3 Levels and Outcome (2013)

Plasma C3 and C3a levels are elevated after CE and SVD stroke but show associations with outcome only in CE stroke.
Subwavelength optical waveguiding via inverse designed deformation of reflective surface (2022)

We demonstrate subwavelength waveguiding device based on the artificial material with ultra-high refractive index. Material is engineered through the deformation of reflective substrate via transformation optics approach which allows to achieve arbitrary refractive index distribution.