gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One pair of hands is not like another: caudate BOLD response in dogs depends on signal source and canine temperament (2014)

Having previously used functional MRI to map the response to a reward signal in the ventral caudate in awake unrestrained dogs, here we examined the importance of signal source to canine caudate activation. Hand signals representing either incipient reward or no reward were presented by a familiar human (each dog's respective handler), an unfamiliar human, and via illustrated images of hands on a computer screen to 13 dogs undergoing voluntary fMRI. All dogs had received extensive training with the reward and no-reward signals from their handlers and with the computer images and had minimal exposure to the signals from strangers. All dogs showed differentially higher BOLD response in the ventral caudate to the reward versus no reward signals, and there was a robust effect at the group level. Further, differential response to the signal source had a highly significant interaction with a dog's general aggressivity as measured by the C-BARQ canine personality assessment. Dogs with greater aggressivity showed a higher differential response to the reward signal versus no-reward signal presented by the unfamiliar human and computer, while dogs with lower aggressivity showed a higher differential response to the reward signal versus no-reward signal from their handler. This suggests that specific facets of canine temperament bear more strongly on the perceived reward value of relevant communication signals than does reinforcement history, as each of the dogs were reinforced similarly for each signal, regardless of the source (familiar human, unfamiliar human, or computer). A group-level psychophysiological interaction (PPI) connectivity analysis showed increased functional coupling between the caudate and a region of cortex associated with visual discrimination and learning on reward versus no-reward trials. Our findings emphasize the sensitivity of the domestic dog to human social interaction, and may have other implications and applications pertinent to the training and assessment of working and pet dogs.
Differential Performance of Tropical Soda Apple and Its Biological Control Agent Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Open and Shaded Habitats (2011)

The leaf feeding beetle Gratiana boliviana Spaeth has been released since 2003 in the southeastern United States for biological control of tropical soda apple, Solanum viarum Dunal. In Florida, G. boliviana can be found on tropical soda apple growing in open pastures as well as in shady wooded areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of light intensity on the performance of tropical soda apple and G. boliviana under greenhouse conditions, and to determine the abundance and mortality of G. boliviana in open and shaded habitats. Leaves growing in the shade were less tough, had higher water and nitrogen content, lower soluble sugars, and less dense and smaller glandular trichomes compared with leaves growing in the open. Plants grew slightly taller and wider under shaded conditions but total biomass was significantly reduced compared with plants grown in the open. In the greenhouse, G. boliviana had higher immature survival, greater folivory, larger adult size, and higher fecundity when reared on shaded plants compared with open plants. Sampling of field populations revealed that the overall abundance of G. boliviana was lower but leaf feeding damage was higher in shaded habitats compared with the open habitats. The percentage of eggs surviving to adult was greater in shaded compared with open habitats. The abundance of predators was higher in the open pasture and was positively correlated with the abundance of G. boliviana. These results indicate that not only plant quality but also habitat structure are important to the performance of weed biological control agents.
Increased potency and longevity of gene silencing using validated Dicer substrates. (2008)

Chemically synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are tools used for silencing the expression of a single gene. They are mainly employed in basic research applications, but may also have great potential in therapeutic applications. Longer double-stranded RNAs, such as Dicer-substrate 27mers, trigger gene silencing through the intrinsic RNAi pathway. The design of these Dicer-substrate 27mers has been optimized so they can be oriented by Dicer to consistently select the antisense (guide) strand after cleavage to shorter siRNAs, leading to predictable mRNA cleavage. In this paper we describe evidence that these Dicer-substrate 27mers produce more potent and sustained gene silencing for four genes when compared with synthetic 21mers that have the same guide-strand sequence. Furthermore, improved silencing by these 27mers is often more pronounced at lower concentrations.
Where to look first? Behaviour control for fetch-and-carry missions of service robots (2015)

This paper presents the behaviour control of a service robot for intelligent object search in a domestic environment. A major challenge in service robotics is to enable fetch-and-carry missions that are satisfying for the user in terms of efficiency and human-oriented perception. The proposed behaviour controller provides an informed intelligent search based on a semantic segmentation framework for indoor scenes and integrates it with object recognition and grasping. Instead of manually annotating search positions in the environment, the framework automatically suggests likely locations to search for an object based on contextual information, e.g. next to tables and shelves. In a preliminary set of experiments we demonstrate that this behaviour control is as efficient as using manually annotated locations. Moreover, we argue that our approach will reduce the intensity of labour associated with programming fetch-and-carry tasks for service robots and that it will be perceived as more human-oriented.
Acute pulmonary embolism following air travel (1983)

Adrenaline was infused into normal volunteers to produce plasma adrenaline levels similar to those found in acute myocardial infarction. These infusions were performed after pretreatment with labetalol or placebo. Adrenaline produced an increase in systolic blood pressure, a decrease in diastolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. All of these haemodynamic effects were blocked by labetalol. In particular, no increase in diastolic blood pressure was seen as occurs during increased sympatho-adrenal activity in the presence of non-sensitive beta-blockade. Thus labetalol maintains a different haemodynamic profile from non-selective beta-blockade during increased sympatho-adrenal activity.
Microstructure of TiO 2 and ZnO Films Fabricated by the Sol‐Gel Method (1996)

Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide films were fabricated by spin‐on and dip‐coating methods. Both types of films exhibited columnar grains when the single coating was thin, ∼10 nm. The columnar TiO 2 films were dense, as confirmed by their density values calculated from the refractive index and TEM results. The addition of Al cations into the ZnO suppressed grain growth, because Zn had a lower diffusivity in the doped films. The doped ZnO films had nearly the same electrical resistivity as that of the undoped films.
A strategy for rapid cooling of mouse embryos within a double straw to eliminate the risk of contamination during storage in liquid nitrogen (2000)

Double packaging, in which an inner straw containing the specimen is inserted into an outer, larger straw (here termed 'straw-in-straw') to prevent the inner straw from coming into direct contact with liquid nitrogen provides a simple strategy for reducing or eliminating the potential contamination risk associated with storage in liquid nitrogen. This approach has in the past been used in conjunction with cryopreservation by slow cooling, but has not previously been tested for use throughout an entire rapid cooling and warming procedure. This study determined whether keeping the straw containing the embryos inside a second protecting container throughout the cryopreservation and storage protocol would compromise embryo viability. We established that a cryoprotectant containing a high polymer concentration (35% dextran or Ficoll) together with 25% ethylene glycol (as the penetrating cryoprotectant) was highly effective for day 2 and day 3 mouse embryos in both single and double straws. The survival and development of all cryopreserved embryos, as assessed both in vitro and in vivo, was not statistically different to their untreated controls. This established that a protein/serum-free cryoprotectant solution supplemented with polymers could provide complete protection of mouse embryos. It also shows, for the first time, that embryos can be cooled by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen and warmed by direct immersion into a waterbath within a double straw arrangement to reduce the likelihood of contamination.
MO‐F‐WAB‐07: A Novel 4D CT Acquisition and Analysis Technique to Account for the Effect of Cardiac Induced Lung Tissue Motion During Free Breathing (2013)

Purpose: To develop a new motion modeling technique to account for internal lung tissue displacement due to cardiac motion during free breathing CT scans. Methods: Five patients were imaged 25 successive times under free breathing conditions in alternating directions with a 64‐slice CT scanner using a low dose fast helical protocol. A pneumatic bellows around the abdomen was used to as a breathing surrogate and a 3‐lead ECG monitor simultaneously measured heart rate. The lungs were segmented from each image and deformable registration was used to register the first image to the subsequent 24 segmented images. The registered voxel locations were fitted to a linear motion model, relating the internal lung tissue deformation to the tidal volume v, airflow f and cardiac phase h. The time dependence of cardiac induced tissue displacement was characterized by a periodic function synchronized to the cardiac cycle, optimized to reduce model error, and was patient specific. The magnitude of cardiac induced motion was evaluated by comparing the discrepancies between fitted and measured motion with and without the cardiac term applied. Results: The magnitude of cardiac induced lung tissue displacement was determined to be up to 2.5mm in the lung for regions close to the myocardium. The addition of the cardiac term reduced the total number of voxels with mean errors above 1mm by 33%. Conclusion: Application of the cardiac term in the motion model reduces large errors in motion modeling in regions close to the myocardium. This work supported in part by NIH R01CA096679
Glargine insulin/gliclazide MR combination therapy is more effective than premixed insulin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (2015)

Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic agents attained greater benefit from once-daily insulin glargine plus gliclazide modified release regimen than from a twice-daily premixed insulin regimen.
Antinociceptive properties of Trigonella foenumgreacum seeds extracts. (2009)

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae), known in Morocco as “Helba”, is used in folk medicine for its anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing activities and to treat various pain-related physiological conditions. In the present study, we attempted to verify the possible antinociceptive action of different extracts obtained from the seeds of this plant. Three experimental models were used (acetic acid, formalin, and hot-plate tests) in order to characterize the analgesic effect. The extracts significantly, and in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the pain induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. In the formalin test, the extracts, except ethyl acetate extract (Tfge), significantly reduced the painful stimulus but only in the early phase of the test. On the contrary, these extracts, except Tfge, were ineffective to increase the latency of licking or jumping in the hot plate test. These results suggest that the compounds present in the extracts activated both central and peripheral mechanisms to elicit the analgesic effect.

	 

	Key words: Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, writhing test, formalin test, hot-plate test, nociception, mice, rats.
Bending Behavior of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Laminated Actuators under Electric Fields (2007)

We present numerical and experimental results on the nonlinear bending behavior due to domain wall motion in functionally graded piezoelectric actuator under alternating current (ac) electric fields. A nonlinear finite element method is employed to analyze the dynamic response of functionally graded piezoelectric actuator. A phenomenological model of domain wall motion is used in computation, and the effects of ac electric field amplitude and frequency, number of layers, and property gradation on the deflection of the cantilever actuators are examined. Experimental results, which verify the model, are presented using a functionally graded bimorph. The numerical results agree very well with the experimental values.
In Vivo Interferon-Alpha/Ribavirin Treatment Modulates Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Function During Chronic HCV Infection (2013)

In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, treatment failure and defective host immune response highly demand improved therapy strategies. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells represent a good target for HCV immunotherapy, since phosphoantigen (PhAg)-activated Vγ9Vδ2 T-lymphocytes are able to inhibit subgenomic HCV replication by interferon (IFN)-γ release. A profound impairment of IFN-γ production by Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells during chronic HCV infection was previously shown. Interestingly, in vitro IFN-α partially restored Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells responsiveness to PhAg, by stabilizing IFN-γ-mRNA. To verify how in vivo IFN-α/ribavirin (RBV) treatment could affect Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells phenotype and responsiveness to PhAg in HCV-infected patients, 10 subjects underwent a longitudinal study before and after treatment. IFN-α/RBV therapy did not significantly modify Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell numbers and differentiation profile. Interestingly, Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell responsiveness remained unmodified until 3 weeks of therapy, but dropped after 1 month, suggesting that repeated in vivo IFN-α administration in the absence of T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signals results in Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell anergy. The present work defines the window of possible application of combined strategies targeting Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells during chronic HCV infection; specifically, the first 3 weeks from the beginning of treatment may represent the optimal time to target Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in vivo, since their function in terms of IFN-γ production is preserved.
Engineering 2D Multifunctional Ultrathin Bismuthene for Multiple Photonic Nanomedicine (2020)

Abstract 2D monoelemental nanomaterials (Xenes) have shown tremendous potential for versatile biomedical applications. Bismuth, as a heavy element in pnictogens, has acquired massive research interest due to its unique optical performance, high biocompatibility, stability, and relatively low cost. However, the utilization of 2D bismuthene in nanomedicine has not been achieved because of the difficulty in engineering bismuthene with crucial structural/compositional characteristics for satisfying strict biomedical requirements. Herein, to address this Gordian knot, a facile strategy to intercalate and delaminate Bi bulk for generating mass few‐layered 2D bismuthene with high yield by employing a water molecule mediated freezing–thawing process and sodium borohydride‐triggered reduction treatment is proposed. The resulting 2D bismuthene displays good optical performance in the near‐infrared (NIR) biowindow and can be excited via red light for reactive oxygen species generation, enabling applications in multiple photonic cancer nanomedicine settings, including photothermal hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Utilizing the intrinsic desirable optical absorbance and strong X‐ray attenuation of bismuthene, dual photonic therapy can be conducted under the supervision of photoacoustic/computed tomography guided multimodal imaging. This research not only offers a potential mass‐production ready, cost‐effective, and eco‐efficient methodology for engineering 2D Xenes, but also exploits an innovative 2D bismuthene based photonic cancer nanomedicine.
Vapor-phase diffusion flames in the combustion of magnesium and aluminum. i - analytical developments (1963)

Abstract High heats of vaporization or dissociation of metal oxides upon vaporization generally limit the temperatures of metal-oxygen flames to the boiling points of the respective oxides. Aluminum and magnesium can burn in the vapor phase because their boiling points are lower than those of their oxides. The combustion of single magnesium and aluminum droplets is described by an extension of the quasi-steady vapor-phase diffusion flame theory previously used to describe the combustion of hydrocarbon droplets. The theory is modified to consider flame radiation, transport of condensed oxide products, and evaporation of the metal. The fraction of oxide vaporized in the reaction zone varies with the ambient oxygen content. High flame emissivities, resulting from the presence of condensed oxide in the reaction zone, render the metal flames nonadiabatic. Droplet surface temperatures can be hundreds of degrees lower than the metal boiling points. The flame zones lie very close to the droplets. Calculated evaporation constants of magnesium and aluminum droplets are in the range of values observed with hydrocarbons. Good results for the burning rate and flame radius are obtained with very little computation.
Power-law scaling in Bénard-Marangoni convection at large Prandtl numbers (2001)

Bénard-Marangoni convection at large Prandtl numbers is found to exhibit steady (nonturbulent) behavior in numerical experiments over a very wide range of Marangoni numbers Ma far away from the primary instability threshold. A phenomenological theory, taking into account the different character of thermal boundary layers at the bottom and at the free surface, is developed. It predicts a power-law scaling for the nondimensional velocity (Peclet number) and heat flux (Nusselt number) of the form Pe approximately Ma(2/3), Nu approximately Ma(2/9). This prediction is in good agreement with two-dimensional direct numerical simulations up to Ma=3.2 x 10(5).
Temperate mesophotic ecosystems: gaps and perspectives of an emerging conservation challenge for the Mediterranean Sea (2019)

Mesophotic habitats, hosting benthic assemblages totally unknown and unexpected in the early 2000s, are attracting an increasing interest from scientists. Realizing that many long living and habitat forming species are playing a unique pocket of biodiversity in the frame of climate crisis, it is important to recognize the potential of the mesophotic zone in conservation strategies. The mesophotic zone is characterized by environmental factors generally more stable than the shallow counterpart; therefore, it represents a refuge habitat to preserve species that, in shallow waters, may be involved in bleaching events, massive mortalities or other pathologies generally triggered by thermal anomalies. The definition of the mesophotic zone in the temperate seas is confused, creating possible misunderstandings and problems not only from a scientific point of view but also in communication and outreach strategies. Here, we review the scientific literature to build the best definition possible based on the maximum consensus coming from papers analysis. Moreover, the key roles of mesophotic habitats, including ecosystem engineers as animal forests, have been schematized to enhance the perception of the potential risks we are running in case of damage or loss of these habitats.
Reduction in cisplatin genotoxicity (micronucleus formation) in non target cells of mice by protransfersome gel formulation used for management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (2011)

Cisplatin-loaded protransfersome system was prepared and characterized for in vitro drug permeation, drug deposition and antitumor effect. A histopathological study and a genotoxicity study were also done. The skin permeation data of cisplatin from protransfersome gel formulation revealed 494.33 ± 11.87 μg cm-2, which was significantly higher than that from the control plain drug solution in 0.9 % NaCl (p < 0.001). Untreated group of animals showed invasive moderately differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (malignant stage). However, with cisplatin loaded protransfersome gel system simple epithelial hyperplasia (pre-cancerous stage) with no cancerous growth was observed. Also, a significant induction in micronucleus formation was found in the group that was treated with injectable intraperitoneal cisplatin preparation in 0.9 % saline as compared to the group treated with topical protransfersome gel formulation. The findings of this research work appear to support improved, site-specific and localized drug action in the skin, thus providing a better option for dealing with skin related problems like squamous cell carcinoma.
Pedestrian detection method in vehicle video based on AMSSD (2019)

Pedestrian detection in vehicle video has high requirements for speed and accuracy of detection. To improve the detection speed, the underlying network of the SSD framework, the VGG-16 network, is replaced with MobileNet. In order to improve the detection accuracy of small targets, a deconvolution layer is added to this framework. With this layer, the feature map of low resolution and high semantic information with the feature map of high resolution and little semantic information is fused to increase the ability to extract the shallow feature. The VOC dataset and COCO dataset are used as the training set, and the Cityscapes dataset is used as the test set to verify the effect of the constructed framework AMSSD. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the detection speed and accuracy.
The euphausiacean crustaceans of the "Albatross" Expedition to the Philippines (1916)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.