gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-offset Vertical Seismic Profile Acquisition with Hybrid Optical-electrical Wireline Cable (2014)

Summary Distributed vibration sensing (DVS) is attracting considerable interest, including in borehole seismic acquisition. Whereas several publications have shown results with permanently installed fibres (on tubing or cemented behind casing), the deployment of this measurement in intervention mode, e.g. on wireline or slickline optical cables, has been relatively neglected. However, one of the key applications of borehole seismic data is in the exploration phase and it is typically acquired before the well is completed. In this paper we present new results obtained in vertical wells with an optical wireline cable, with impulsive (airgun) and vibroseis sources at a variety of source offset values. We show how the cable tension is highly significant in achieving good coupling between the borehole and the sensing cable. We also discuss an example of poor coupling in permanently fibre installation. The optical data set is compared with that obtained with conventional electrical borehole seismic tools and we show that the fine spatial sampling of the optical system provides very clear seismic images, showing features not easily visible in the electrical measurements, in spite of the latter’s superior signal-to-noise ratio.
Molecular Profiling of Tumor Progression in Head and Neck Cancer (2005)

A distinct pattern of gene expression, with progressive up- or down-regulation of expression, is found during the progression from histologically normal tissue to primary carcinoma and to nodal metastasis.
Formation and Evolution of Secondary Organic Aerosol Derived from Urban Lifestyle Sources: Vehicle Exhaust and Cooking Emission (2021)

Abstract. Both vehicle exhaust and cooking emission are closely related to the daily life of city dwellers, which are considered as major sources of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here, we defined the SOA derived from vehicle exhaust and cooking emission as Urban Lifestyle SOA, and simulated their formation using a Gothenburg potential aerosol mass reactor (Go: PAM). After samples had been aged under 0.3–5.5 days of equivalent photochemical age, these two urban lifestyle SOA showed markedly distinct features in SOA mass growth potentials, oxidation pathways and mass spectra. The SOA / POA mass ratios of vehicle groups (107) were 44 times larger than those of cooking groups (2.38) at about 2 days of equivalent photochemical age. It reveals that organics from vehicle may undergo the alcohol/peroxide and carboxylic acid oxidation pathway to produce abundant less/more oxidized oxygenated OA (LO-OOA and MO-OOA), and only a few primary hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) remains unaged. In contrast, organics from cooking may undergo the alcohol/peroxide oxidation pathway to produce moderate LO-OOA, and comparable primary cooking organic aerosol (COA) remains unaged. Our findings provide an insight into atmospheric contributions and chemical evolutions for urban lifestyle SOA, which would greatly influence the air quality and health risk assessments in urban areas.
Plantar heel pain and its 3-mode 4-stage treatment (2005)

The most common cause for heel pain is plantar fasciitis. The diagnosis can usually be made by clinical examination, but sometimes ENMG (electroneuromyography), ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations are helpful. Other reasons for heel pain, e.g., nerve entrapments, atherosclerosis/ischemia, and fat pad degeneration, should be excluded. Plantar fasciitis can also present a symptom of chronic seronegative spondyloarthropathies or reactive arthritis. In the case of common plantar fasciitis, three different modes of treatment can be administered, namely, (1) anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatment, (2) rest and diminution of the strain at the insertion, and (3) maintenance of the tension and flexibility of the soft tissues. A simple four-step treatment plan algorithm, based on symptoms, their duration, and response to treatment, is presented. Operative treatment is seldom needed if the algorithm is correctly followed. Operative treatment is recommended only when the pain remains resistant to conservative treatment after more than 1 year. For operative treatment, partial release of the fascia close to insertion to avoid flat foot and secondary strain on the calcaneocuboid and midtarsal (Lisfranc) joints is our preferred option.
Fresh and Frozen Epididymal Sperm Yield Comparable Pregnancy Rates for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (1998)

To determine if the use of fresh epididymal sperm is superior to frozen-thawed epididymal sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the authors reviewed the charts on all couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection at an academic center, using microsurgically aspirated epididymal sperm. Forty-nine couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male factor infertility, due to congenital absence of vas deferens or irreparable post-testicular obstruction were studied. The following parameters were measured: (1) fertilization rate per oocyte injected (two pronuclei at 24 h), (2) chemical pregnancy rate (two consecutively elevated serum b-hCG levels, and (3) clinical pregnancy rate (sonographic identification of fetal heart rate). Fertilization rates were 51 and 41%, chemical pregnancy rates were 27 and 30%, and clinical pregnancy rates were 19 and 27% in the fresh epididymal compared to the frozen epididymal sperm. This study shows no significant difference in outcomes using fresh or frozen epididymal sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Frozen-thawed sperm guarantees availability of sperm prior to oocyte retrieval.
Inactivation Decoding of LT and Raptor Codes: Analysis and Code Design (2017)

In this paper, we analyze Luby transform (LT) and Raptor codes under inactivation decoding. A first-order analysis is introduced, which provides the expected number of inactivations for an LT code, as a function of the output distribution, the number of input symbols, and the decoding overhead. The analysis is then extended to the calculation of the distribution of the number of inactivations. In both cases, random inactivation is assumed. The developed analytical tools are then exploited to design LT and Raptor codes, enabling a tight control on the decoding complexity versus failure probability tradeoff. The accuracy of the approach is confirmed by numerical simulations.
Ring Oscillators for CMOS Process Tuning and Variability Control (2006)

Test structures utilizing ring oscillators to monitor MOSFET ac characteristics for digital CMOS circuit applications are described. The measurements provide information on the average behavior of sets of a few hundred MOSFETs under high speed switching conditions. The design of the ring oscillators is specifically tailored for process centering and monitoring of variability in circuit performance in the manufacturing line as well as in the product. The delay sensitivity to key MOSFET parameter variations in a variety of ring oscillator designs is studied using a compact model for partially depleted silicon on insulator(PD-SOI) technology, but the analysis is equally valid for conventional bulk Si technology. Examples of hardware data illustrating the use of this methodology are taken primarily from experimental hardware in the 90-nm CMOS technology node in PD-SOI. The design and data analysis techniques described here allow very rapid investigation of the sources of variations in circuit delays.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of γ-Bromo-ε-caprolactone:  A Novel Route to Functionalized Aliphatic Polyesters (1999)

The synthesis, characterization, and polymerization of a new cyclic ester, γ-bromo-ε-caprolactone (γBrCL), are reported. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of this new monomer initiated from Al(OiPr)3 as initiator in toluene at 0 °C was found to be living and proceeds by a coordination−insertion mechanism. Random and block copolymerizations of this γBrCL with ε-caprolactone (εCL) were also found to be living as evidenced by the experimental molecular weight which is consistent with that expected from the monomer to initiator molar ratio, the narrow polydispersity, and the good agreement between the comonomers molar fraction in the comonomer feed and the copolymer. The thermal transitions (Tg and Tm) in the εCL/γBrCL random copolymers depend strongly on the γBrCL content. Increasing the γBrCL content in the copolymer (FBrCL) increased the Tg of the copolymer from −61 °C for poly(ε-caprolactone) to −16.5 °C for the PγBrCL homopolymer but decreased the Tm of the PCL to contents of ∼ 30 mol % of γBrCL (FBrCL = 0.3). Beyond this value, the copolymers were found to be amorphous and exist as viscous liquids.
Chemistry and Applications of Iron–TAMLCatalysts in Green Oxidation Processes Based on Hydrogen Peroxide (2010)

Abstract Iron–tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) activators have been designed and developed to provide small‐molecule mimics, the peroxidase enzymes. Fe–TAML activators are proving to be highly active catalysts that function effectively at very low concentrations from nanomolar to low micromolar. Notably, they are capable of performing many thousands of turnovers per minute under ambient conditions, of functioning over a broad pH range from acidic and most notably for iron catalyst to basic and even to highly basic, of presenting a broad range of selectivities and oxidative aggression determined by the conditions of use and the choice of catalyst over the 14 catalysts presented. The catalysts have fulfilled the design criteria and now provide the basis of platform technology for myriad applications. Published kinetics and mechanistic interpretations are reviewed to illustrate the success of the design protocol. Published applications are briefly described. A highly developed field of use involves the use of Fe–TAML–peroxide for the purification of water of persistent pollutants and hardy pathogens.
PdO/PdO2 functionalized ZnO : Pd films for lower operating temperature H2 gas sensing (2018)

Noble metals and their oxide nano-clusters are considered to be the most promising candidates for fabricating advanced H<sub>2</sub> gas sensors. Through this work, we propose a novel strategy to grow and modulate the density of PdO/PdO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles uniformly on nanostructured Pd-doped ZnO (ZnO : Pd) films by a one-step solution approach followed by thermal annealing at 650 °C, and thus to detect ppm-level H<sub>2</sub> gas in a selective manner. The gas sensing properties of such hybridized materials showed that the PdO-functionalized ZnO samples offer significantly improved H<sub>2</sub> gas sensing properties in an operating temperature range of 25-200 °C. The deposition of ZnO : Pd films via a simple synthesis from chemical solutions (SCS) approach with an aqueous bath (at relatively low temperatures, <95 °C) is reported. Furthermore, the functionalization of palladium oxide nanoclusters by a simple but highly effective approach on ZnO : Pd film surfaces was performed and is reported here for the first time. The morphological, structural, vibrational, optical, chemical, and electronic properties were studied in detail and the mixed phases of palladium oxide nanoclusters on the ZnO surface were found. Sensor studies of the ZnO : Pd samples (in the range of 25-350 °C operating temperature) showed good selectivity to H<sub>2</sub> gas, especially in the range of higher temperatures (>150 °C, up to 350 °C); however, the PdO/PdO<sub>2</sub> mixed phases of the nanocluster-modified surface ZnO : Pd films showed a much better selectivity to H<sub>2</sub> gas, even at a lower operating temperature, in the range of 25-150 °C. For such PdO-functionalized ZnO : Pd films, even at room temperature, a gas response of ∼12.7 to 1000 ppm of H<sub>2</sub> gas was obtained, without response to any other reducing gases or tested vapors. The large recovery time of the samples at room temperatures (>500 s) can be drastically reduced by applying higher bias voltages. Furthermore, we propose and discuss the gas sensing mechanism for these structures in detail. Our study demonstrates that surface functionalization with PdO/PdO<sub>2</sub> mixed phase nanoclusters-nanoparticles (NPs) is much more effective than only the Pd doping of nanostructured ZnO films for selective sensing applications. This approach will pave a new way for the controlled functionalization of PdO/PdO<sub>2</sub> nanoclusters on ZnO : Pd surfaces to the exact detection of highly explosive H<sub>2</sub> gas under various atmospheres by using solid state gas sensors.
Author Correction: Enteric α-synuclein impairs intestinal epithelial barrier through caspase-1-inflammasome signaling in Parkinson’s disease before brain pathology (2023)

Correction to: npj Parkinson’s Disease, published online 12 January 2022 “In this article the wrong figure appeared as Fig. 5b. where an incorrect representative western blot was displayed for Anti-occludin 59 KDa and related-actin 49 KDa, and in Supplementary Figure 8B where an incorrect representative uncropped western blot was displayed for Anti-occludin 59 KDa. The Figures should have appeared as shown below. The original article has been corrected.” (Figure presented.) (Figure presented.).
Spike Triggered Covariance in Strongly Correlated Gaussian Stimuli (2013)

Many biological systems perform computations on inputs that have very large dimensionality. Determining the relevant input combinations for a particular computation is often key to understanding its function. A common way to find the relevant input dimensions is to examine the difference in variance between the input distribution and the distribution of inputs associated with certain outputs. In systems neuroscience, the corresponding method is known as spike-triggered covariance (STC). This method has been highly successful in characterizing relevant input dimensions for neurons in a variety of sensory systems. So far, most studies used the STC method with weakly correlated Gaussian inputs. However, it is also important to use this method with inputs that have long range correlations typical of the natural sensory environment. In such cases, the stimulus covariance matrix has one (or more) outstanding eigenvalues that cannot be easily equalized because of sampling variability. Such outstanding modes interfere with analyses of statistical significance of candidate input dimensions that modulate neuronal outputs. In many cases, these modes obscure the significant dimensions. We show that the sensitivity of the STC method in the regime of strongly correlated inputs can be improved by an order of magnitude or more. This can be done by evaluating the significance of dimensions in the subspace orthogonal to the outstanding mode(s). Analyzing the responses of retinal ganglion cells probed with [Formula: see text] Gaussian noise, we find that taking into account outstanding modes is crucial for recovering relevant input dimensions for these neurons.
Predicting the long term power loss from cell cracks in PV modules (2015)

Long term power loss due to cell cracks can become a significant PV wear out mechanism. An experimental framework to assist in predicting the power loss from cell cracks during module service life is presented. The paper is primarily structured around cell crack origin in laminated modules, crack orientation, oriented crack reproduction and climatic testing of custom mini-modules. The results are experimentally verified by a series of accelerated tests involving mechanical load and humidity freeze tests. Periodic characterization using EL and flash I-V are used to study evolution of crack types/categories and performance loss due to cell cracks. Manufacturing modules cell crack data was collected from a population of a week of data post lamination. The data analyzed is for a certain batch of polycrystalline cell modules. Jabil has produced few GW of modules over the past years.
Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communication to Support Massive Automotive Sensing (2016)

As driving becomes more automated, vehicles are being equipped with more sensors generating even higher data rates. Radars are used for object detection, visual cameras as virtual mirrors, and LIDARs for generating high resolution depth associated range maps, all to enhance the safety and efficiency of driving. Connected vehicles can use wireless communication to exchange sensor data, allowing them to enlarge their sensing range and improve automated driving functions. Unfortunately, conventional technologies, such as DSRC and 4G cellular communication, do not support the gigabit-per-second data rates that would be required for raw sensor data exchange between vehicles. This article makes the case that mmWave communication is the only viable approach for high bandwidth connected vehicles. The motivations and challenges associated with using mmWave for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure applications are highlighted. A high-level solution to one key challenge - the overhead of mmWave beam training - is proposed. The critical feature of this solution is to leverage information derived from the sensors or DSRC as side information for the mmWave communication link configuration. Examples and simulation results show that the beam alignment overhead can be reduced by using position information obtained from DSRC.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Gastric Adenocarcinomas Express the Glycosphingolipid Gb<sub>3</sub>/CD77: Targeting of Gastric Cancer Cells with Shiga Toxin B-Subunit (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The topoisomerase-inhibitor SN38 has similar effects on cell proliferation in Gb3 positive (St3051) or Gb3 negative (AGS) cells&lt;/p&gt;
Laser Spot Center Detection Based on the Geometric Feature (2010)

The accuracy and speed of laser spot center detection algorithm directly affect the efficiency and the application range of the measurement. This paper proposes a novel laser spot center detection method based on the laser spot's geometry feature. This method firstly extracts the contour by detecting the spot image, then further optimizes the extracted contour according to the geometric characteristics of the spot, and lastly resolves the spot center by means of moving least squares method (MLSM). Experimental results show that this method can efficiently and precisely detects the spot center whether the laser spot is regular or irregular, and positioning accuracy was considerably high, which is a fast and efficient spot center detection method.
Controlled synthesis of Ru-single-atoms on ordered mesoporous phosphine polymers for microwave-assisted conversion of biomass-derived sugars to artificial sweeteners (2022)

Atomically dispersed metal-single-atoms have become a frontier in solid catalysis due to their characteristic electronic properties. However, for biomass conversion, employing metal-single-atoms as catalysts is rather challenging since they suffer from poor selectivity and yield due to inadequate metal-support interactions. We show here that Ru/triphenylphosphine (PPh)-based ordered mesoporous polymers afford high yields of reduced sugars, xylitol (yield ∼95%) and sorbitol (yield ∼65%) in a microwave reactor with formic acid as the only hydrogen donor. We have established a unique relationship within Ru/triphenylphosphine that shows an important ligand effect, in contrast to, Ru/triphenylamine and Ru/catechol. The tailored electronic properties in Ru/phosphine were thoroughly examined by using state-of-the-art experimental techniques <i>viz</i>. EXAFS, XANES, XPS, DRIFTS and HAADF-STEM. The resulting phosphine-modified catalysts show a promotion in activity and selectivity towards less vulnerable aldehydes for hydrogenation, further confirmed by DFT calculations. This finding reveals a new protocol to tailor the activity of metal-single-atoms utilizing functional porous polymers as nanoreactors.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Properties and Catalytic Performance of Novel Mesostructured Oxides (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deformation measurement of large buildings by holographical point replication (2019)

This manuscript gives an overview of the multipoint method and the development of an easy to use measurement system which measures the deformation of large buildings. The multipoint method has previously been tested1, 2 and used mainly under controlled laboratory conditions (e.g. indoors). Difficulties are introduced when this method is used outdoors, mainly because of the increased measurement scale and the uncontrolled environment. Differences in air pressure due to convection or wind, as well as fog or rain can cause severe perturbations to the light which propagates towards the sensors. Compared with existing systems, such as laser trackers, our system does not need to scan the building, which leads to much higher temporal resolution, which in turn can be used to achieve a reduced statistical measurement uncertainty (averaging in time).
Willingness to Pay and Disposition Toward Paying for Apps (2018)

This article describes how mobile application adoption is growing dramatically. However, only a small proportion of mobile apps are paid for. This leads to the question: which factors dispose an individual to be willing to pay for an app? Using uncertainty reduction theory as a framework, along with transaction cost economics, this study considers several individual level, app and app review characteristics which may influence willingness to pay. An experiment is conducted using a mobile application marketplace simulator and 4 application reviews are developed which vary in terms of information quality and app utility. Also measured are several individual characteristics. Findings suggest that individuals who have a disposition toward paying for apps and those who score low in terms of mobile computing self-efficacy are willing to pay more for apps. Also, individuals are willing to pay more for hedonic apps than utilitarian apps. Finally, there is a positive relationship between both history of paying for apps and trusting disposition on disposition toward paying for apps.
An actively controlled silicon ring resonator with a fully tunable Fano resonance (2017)

We demonstrate a novel way to generate Fano resonance with tunable wavelength, extinction ratio, and slope rate. The device is a silicon add-drop microring with two integrated tunable reflectors inside, which form an embedded Fabry-Perot cavity. The fabrication is executed at a commercial CMOS foundry. Fano resonance at the drop port is generated from the interference between the Fabry-Perot cavity mode and the ring resonance mode. By tuning the reflectivities of these two reflectors with integrated heaters, various Fano resonance shapes can be achieved with a maximum extinction ratio over 40 dB and a slope rate more than 700 dB/nm.
Focal Atrial Tachycardia Originating From the Right Atrial Appendage Masquerading as Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia (2021)

Focal atrial tachycardia arising from the right atrial appendage (RAAT) may be misdiagnosed as sinus tachycardia. The electrocardiogram from this case demonstrates a negative notched P-wave in leads V<sub>1</sub> and V<sub>2</sub> during RAAT compared with a beat of sinus rhythm. RAAT was confirmed and eliminated with mapping and ablation. (<b>Level of Difficulty: Advanced.</b>).