gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid Catholyte Molecules for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2015)

Non-aquoes redox flow battery is a unique energy storage technology. Unlike traditional battery systems, the active energy storage material is in mobile phase and could basically be stored anywhere separately. This gives a lot of flexibility in terms of capacity, power and safety control, making it an idea candidate for large scale stationary energy storage application. Material development for this technology is crucial for possible implementation. Molecular engineer of organic redox active molecules could lead to tunable physical and electrochemical properties, including solubility in organic solvents, molecular mobility, redox potential, and electrochemical reversibility, which are key factors to energy storage applications. A novel series of catholyte molecules, ANL-8, ANL-9, and ANL-10, has been developed by incorporation of PEO chains with different lengths on one or both sides of the dimethoxy-di-tert-butyl-benzene based redox structure. All of these molecules can afford electrochemically reversible behavior with similar redox potentials around 4.0 V vs Li/Li+. Due to the asymmetrical incorporation of PEO groups, ANL-8 and ANL-9 are found to be liquid at room temperature. The results from the diffusion, viscosity, DFT calculation, overcharge evaluation, and cell cycling indicate that ANL-8 is likely to be the best candidate among the redox active molecules in this study and does have promise to be a novel catholyte material for NRFBs. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the liquid catholyte molecules have been discovered for the application of NRFBs. The liquid nature of these catholyte molecules may open a new door to utilization of these molecules as the solo or co- solvents for high energy NRFB applications.
Improved proxy re-encryption schemes with applications to secure distributed storage (2006)

In 1998, Blaze, Bleumer, and Strauss (BBS) proposed an application called atomic proxy re-encryption , in which a semitrusted proxy converts a ciphertext for Alice into a ciphertext for Bob without seeing the underlying plaintext. We predict that fast and secure re-encryption will become increasingly popular as a method for managing encrypted file systems. Although efficiently computable, the wide-spread adoption of BBS re-encryption has been hindered by considerable security risks. Following recent work of Dodis and Ivan, we present new re-encryption schemes that realize a stronger notion of security and demonstrate the usefulness of proxy re-encryption as a method of adding access control to a secure file system. Performance measurements of our experimental file system demonstrate that proxy re-encryption can work effectively in practice.
Mononuclear macrophage (M‐CFC) colony formation in semisolid media in the absence of exogenous GM‐CSF (1985)

Human fetal bone marrow (FBM) cells were examined for the ability to form colonies in the absence of exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in double layer agar, methylcellulose (MC), and in agar-MC (agar underlayer, MC overlayer) culture systems. Without exogenous CSF, macrophage colonies (M-CFC) were formed in a combined culture of agar and MC. Aggregates of 5-40 cells were observed on day 7. Gradually, large compact colonies which survived for 10-12 weeks of cultivation, were formed. They were composed of mononuclear monocytes and multinucleated cells. M-CFC progenitors were nonadherent, but their progeny became adherent during differentiation within the colony. Colony formation was cell-dose-dependent. Depletion of monocytes increased the number of colonies in agar-MC cultures and stimulated the development of some macrophage colonies in MC. Survival of monocyte progenitors was not dependent on CSF. Neither was their proliferation nor partial differentiation in agar-MC cultures. CSF increased M-CFC colony efficiency, however, if it was present when cultures were initiated. Addition of CSF to M-CFC growing for 2-5 weeks in CSF-deprived medium stimulated monocytes proliferation and transformation into macrophages. Epithelioid cells, an increase in the number of giant multinucleated cells, and granulocyte multiplication were also observed. The absolute dependence of macrophage colony formation on CSF described by others might be a result of inadequate culture conditions due to agar rather than an intrinsic physiological requirement.
Doherty Power Amplifier With Enhanced Efficiency at Extended Operating Average Power Levels (2013)

This paper proposes an electronically reconfigurable Doherty amplifier capable of efficiently amplifying wireless signals with significant time varying average power. This paper outlines closed-form equations used to design an effective Doherty amplifier that can be driven with signals of variable power levels using a small number of electronically tunable devices. As a proof of concept, a reconfigurable Doherty amplifier prototype was designed and fabricated that efficiently amplified signals centered at 2.6 GHz with output average power levels equal to 35, 30, and 25 dBm. The measurement results obtained using continuous wave signals revealed power-added efficiencies of greater than 66%, at input power level adjustments of 21 and 16 dBm, and more than 62% when the average input power level setting was adjusted to 11 dBm. In addition, the reconfigurable Doherty amplifier, driven with a 20-MHz long-term evolution signal, was successfully linearized using a pruned Volterra series based digital predistrtion algorithm.
Characterization and modeling of pattern dependencies in copper interconnects for integrated circuits (2002)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Mutual coupling and synchronization of optically coupled quantum-dot micropillar lasers at ultra-low light levels (2019)

Synchronization of coupled oscillators at the transition between classical physics and quantum physics has become an emerging research topic at the crossroads of nonlinear dynamics and nanophotonics. We study this unexplored field by using quantum dot microlasers as optical oscillators. Operating in the regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) with an intracavity photon number on the order of 10 and output powers in the 100 nW range, these devices have high β-factors associated with enhanced spontaneous emission noise. We identify synchronization of mutually coupled microlasers via frequency locking associated with a sub-gigahertz locking range. A theoretical analysis of the coupling behavior reveals striking differences from optical synchronization in the classical domain with negligible spontaneous emission noise. Beyond that, additional self-feedback leads to zero-lag synchronization of coupled microlasers at ultra-low light levels. Our work has high potential to pave the way for future experiments in the quantum regime of synchronization.
DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) (2003)

This document describes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) options for passing a list of available DNS recursive name servers and a domain search list to a client. IntroductionThis document describes two options for passing configuration information related to Domain Name Service (DNS) (RFC 1034 [6] and RFC 1035 [1]) in DHCPv6 (RFC 3315 [2]).2.
Aerodynamics of an aerofoil in transonic ground effect: Methods for blowdown windtunnel scale testing (2012)

Abstract Experimental aerodynamic testing of objects in close ground proximity at high subsonic Mach numbers is difficult due to the construction of a transonic moving ground being largely unfeasible. Two simple, passive methods have been evaluated for their suitability for such testing in a small blowdown wind tunnel: an elevated ground plane, and a symmetry (or mirror-image) approach. The methods were examined using an unswept wing of RAE2822 section, with experiments and Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes CFD used synergistically to determine the relative merits of the techniques. The symmetry method was found to be a superior approximation of a moving ground in all cases, with mild discrepancies observed only at the lowest ground clearance. The elevated ground plane was generally found to influence the oncoming flow and distort the flowfield between the wing and ground, such that the method provided a less-satisfactory match to moving ground simulations compared to the symmetry technique.
Efficient computation of optimal actions (2009)

Optimal choice of actions is a fundamental problem relevant to fields as diverse as neuroscience, psychology, economics, computer science, and control engineering. Despite this broad relevance the abstract setting is similar: we have an agent choosing actions over time, an uncertain dynamical system whose state is affected by those actions, and a performance criterion that the agent seeks to optimize. Solving problems of this kind remains hard, in part, because of overly generic formulations. Here, we propose a more structured formulation that greatly simplifies the construction of optimal control laws in both discrete and continuous domains. An exhaustive search over actions is avoided and the problem becomes linear. This yields algorithms that outperform Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning, and thereby solve traditional problems more efficiently. Our framework also enables computations that were not possible before: composing optimal control laws by mixing primitives, applying deterministic methods to stochastic systems, quantifying the benefits of error tolerance, and inferring goals from behavioral data via convex optimization. Development of a general class of easily solvable problems tends to accelerate progress--as linear systems theory has done, for example. Our framework may have similar impact in fields where optimal choice of actions is relevant.
Simultaneous Determination of 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oil by Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2015)

An efficient and fast tandem SPE method followed by GC/MS/MS has been developed for the determination and the quantification of 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oil. This method includes the monitoring of 15 + 1 PAHs designated as a priority by the European Union in their 2005/108/EC recommendation and 16 PAHs listed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The sample preparation procedures were based on SPE in which PAH-dedicated cartridges with molecularly imprinted polymers and graphitized carbon black were used in series. The novel tandem SPE combination of selective extraction and purification of light and heavy PAHs provided highly purified analytes. Identification and quantification of 24 target PAHs were performed using GC/MS/MS with the isotope dilution approaches using D-labeled and (13)C-labeled PAHs. The advantages of GC/MS/MS as compared to other detection methods include high sensitivity, selectivity, and interpretation ability. The method showed satisfactory linearity (R(2) > 0.998) over the range assayed (0.5-200 μg/kg); the LODs ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 μg/kg, and LOQs from 0.1 to 2.0 μg/kg. The recoveries using this method at three spiked concentration levels (2, 10, and 50 μg/kg) ranged from 56.8 to 117.7%. The RSD was lower than 12.7% in all cases. The proposed analytical method has been successfully applied for the analysis of the 24 PAHs in edible oil.
Tissue engineering of heart valves: biomechanical and morphological properties of decellularized heart valves. (2007)

Both, SD and SDS treatment of the pulmonary valve may better preserve the morphological and biomechanical properties of the scaffold than the chosen enzymatic treatment. In the authors' opinion, detergent-based decellularization should be used in preference to enzyme treatment in the tissue engineering of heart valves.
Corepressor CtBP and Nuclear Speckle Protein Pnn/DRS Differentially Modulate Transcription and Splicing of the E-Cadherin Gene (2007)

CtBP is a transcriptional corepressor with tumorigenic potential that targets the promoter of the tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin. Pnn/DRS (Pnn) is a "nuclear speckle"-associated protein involved in mRNA processing as well as transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin via its binding to CtBP. Here, we show that CtBP can recruit Pnn to CtBP-associated complexes, resulting in Pnn-dependent chromatin remodeling at the E-cadherin promoter. In addition, CtBP and Pnn can differentially modulate E-cadherin mRNA splicing, with polymerase II serving as an interface in this event. Therefore, the Pnn/CtBP functional interplay represents a novel mechanism linking the corepressor CtBP and Pnn to the transcription-coupled mRNA splicing of a major tumor suppressor gene. Our findings implicate the existence of the molecular switches involved in tumorigenesis, which coordinate promoter-specific events and mRNA processing, by serving as bridging elements between the regulatory complexes both at gene promoters and within the mRNA splicing machineries.
Monitoring the healing of a tibial osteotomy in the rabbit treated with external fixation (1985)

Fracture site axial rigidity was monitored non-destructively at weekly intervals during healing of tibial osteotomies in adult rabbits. Two groups of 20 rabbits each were treated with external fixators of two different rigidities. Four animals from each group were killed at 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks to determine the bending moments at failure of the healing fractures. Normal fracture healing was accompanied by characteristic phases in the development of fracture site axial rigidity. From 0 to 3 weeks there was a period of low and approximately constant rigidity, followed by a linear increase during 3 to 5 weeks to an approximately three to four times greater rigidity. The maximum average normalized axial rigidities were reached at 6 weeks and were 57% (high rigidity group) and 77% (low rigidity group) of the untreated contralateral controls. The maximum average normalized failure moments occurred at 8 weeks and were 48% (high rigidity) and 44% (low rigidity) of controls. The differences due to fixator rigidity were not statistically significant except for a large increase in failure moments at 3 weeks for the low rigidity group. Axial rigidities were correlated (r2 = 0.74 and 0.53, respectively) with failure moments, but only during the first 6 weeks. The monitoring technique provides a nondestructive means for following the biomechanical progress of fracture healing in an animal model. The occurrence of the characteristic increase in fracture site axial rigidity at 3 to 5 weeks can also be used to distinguish between normal and abnormal healing.
Public Health, Emergency Response, and Medical PreparednessIII: Communication Infrastructure (2011)

Abstract Developing and maintaining a robust communication infrastructure among hospitals, emergency medical services, and other health‐care facilities, as well as private medical transport companies and medical supplies vendors, is vital to providing relief operations and services during emergency situations. Such infrastructure provides the core foundation for basic knowledge‐sharing such as patient volume and severity, emergency room capacity, hospital bed availability; special wards availability; medical personnel specialties; transport vehicle availability; and blood, medicine, and medical supplies inventories. During an emergency situation, such critical information can be communicated to a regional coordinating control center, which can assess available resources, identify surpluses and shortages, and coordinate distribution efforts. In fact, building capacity for an interoperable communication system for emergency response is identified as one of the areas that must be prioritized according to The Hospital Preparedness Program established by the US Department of Health and Human Services. In this article, we highlight some important issues related to an effective communication infrastructure. Various communication tools and infrastructure will be contrasted. Organizational and sociological factors as well as human behavior are discussed. Beyond communicating horizontally and vertically across the jurisdictions and federal, state, and local government agencies, we also highlight the importance of multimedia public information and risk communication factors that are essential for mounting an effective emergency response.
Ice particle habits in stratiform clouds (2000)

Abstract Ice crystals in clouds in the atmosphere have shapes that relate to their density, terminal fall velocity, growth rate and radiative properties. In calculations for climate‐change predictions, forecasting of precipitation, and remote‐sensing retrievals, idealized crystal shapes such as columns, needles, plates and dendrites are often assumed. The objective of this work is to study the frequency of occurrence of different habits of ice particles in natural clouds from aircraft observations. Images of cloud particles were measured by a PMS Optical Array Probe‐2DC at 25 μm resolution installed on the National Research Council Convair‐580. The processing of particle images was conducted with a newly developed algorithm for pattern recognition. Data were collected during four field projects in the Canadian and US Arctic over the North Atlantic near Newfoundland, and over the Great Lakes. Approximately 5 × 10 6 images of cloud particles having a size larger than 125 μm were analysed. The cloud particles were classified into four categories; spheres, irregulars, needles/columns and dendrites. The habit classification of particles was done for three different size ranges: &gt; 125 μm, &gt;250 μm. and &gt;500 μm. The frequency of occurrence of different habits was found for each 5 degC temperature interval in the range −45°C &lt; T &lt; 0°C. It was concluded that the majority of ice particles in natural clouds were of irregular shape. The frequency of occurrence of irregular ice decreases with increasing particle size. On average, the concentration of particles larger than 125 μm was approximately constant down to −35°C, whereas the concentration of particles larger than 500 μm decreased at temperatures below −15°C. Since the data were collected in different climatic zones within many cloud lypes. and covered a significant cloud path length (3.6 × 10 4 km), the conclusions are applicable to most stratiform clouds containing ice.
A perspective view of top‐down proteomics in snake venom research (2018)

The venom produced by snakes contains complex mixtures of pharmacologically active proteins and peptides which play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of snakebite diseases. The deep understanding of venom proteomes can help to improve the treatment of this "neglected tropical disease" (as expressed by the World Health Organization [WHO]) and to develop new drugs. The most widely used technique for venom analysis is liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)-based bottom-up (BU) proteomics. Considering the fact that multiple multi-locus gene families encode snake venom proteins, the major challenge for the BU proteomics is the limited sequence coverage and also the "protein inference problem" which result in a loss of information for the identification and characterization of toxin proteoforms (genetic variation, alternative mRNA splicing, single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] and post-translational modifications [PTMs]). In contrast, intact protein measurements with top-down (TD) MS strategies cover almost complete protein sequences, and prove the ability to identify venom proteoforms and to localize their modifications and sequence variations.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR. (2019)

Consumer Buying Behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of the ultimate consumer. Many factors, specificities and characteristics influence the individual in what he is and the consumer in his decision making process, shopping habits, purchasing behaviour, the brands he buys or the retailers he goes. A purchase decision is the result of each and every one of these factors. An individual and a consumer is led by his culture, his subculture, his social class, his membership groups, his family, his personality, his psychological factors, etc. and is influenced by cultural trends as well as his social and societal environment. By identifying and understanding the factors that influence their customers, brands have the opportunity to develop a strategy, a marketing message (Unique Value Proposition) and advertising campaigns more efficient and more in line with the needs and ways of thinking of their target consumers, a real asset to better meet the needs of its customers and increase sales.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Split-face Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Two Topical Human Growth Factors for the Rejuvenation of the Aging Face. (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Cosmeceutical products represent an increasingly important therapeutic option for anti-aging and rejuvenation, either used alone or in combination with dermatologic surgical procedures. Among this group of products, topical growth factors have demonstrated efficacy in randomized, controlled clinical trials. However, comparisons between different products remain uncommon. <b>Objective:</b> The objective of this randomized, double-blind, split-face clinical trial was to compare two different topical growth factor formulations derived from either human fibroblasts or human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. <b>Methods:</b> This was an institutional review board-approved, randomized, double-blind, split-face clinical trial involving 20 healthy subjects with moderate-to-severe facial wrinkling secondary to photodamage. One half of the face was randomized to receive topical human fibroblast growth factors and the other topical human mesenchymal stem cell growth factors. Treatment was continued for three months, and evaluations were performed in a double-blind fashion. <b>Results:</b> Both growth factor formulations achieved significant improvement in facial wrinkling. Blinded investigator and subject evaluations did not detect any significant differences between the two formulations in terms of efficacy, safety, or tolerability. <b>Conclusion:</b> Both human fibroblast growth factors and human mesenchymal stem cell growth factors are effective at facial rejuvenation. Topical growth factors represent a useful therapeutic modality.