gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Measures of Experimental Data (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mean and standard deviation Graphical distributions of the data – bar charts or histograms Propagation of errors (uncertainties) References
More Raw Public Keys for IKEv2 (2013)

The Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) protocol currently only
supports raw RSA keys. In some environments it is useful to make use
of other types of public keys, such as those based on Elliptic Curve
Cryptography. This documents adds support for other types of raw
public keys to IKEv2 and obsoletes the old raw RSA key format.
Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2Synthesis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (1999)

The adverse effects of PGE2 on aortic smooth muscle cell viability and cytokine secretion in vitro and the apparent effect of anti-inflammatory drugs to lower aneurysm growth rates suggest that selective inhibition of PGE2 synthesis could be an effective treatment to curtail aneurysm expansion.
Impurity-related limitations of next-generation industrial silicon solar cells (2013)

We apply highly predictive 2-D device simulation to assess the impact of various impurities on the performance of next-generation industrial silicon solar cells. We show that the light-induced boron-oxygen recombination center limits the efficiency to 19.2% on standard Czochralski-grown silicon material. Curing by illumination at elevated temperature is shown to increase the efficiency limit by +1.5% absolute to 20.7%. In the second part of this paper, we examine the impact of the most important metallic impurities on the cell efficiency for p- and n-type cells. It is widely believed that solar cells on n-type silicon are less sensitive to metallic impurities. We show that this statement is not generally valid as it is merely based on the properties of Fe but does not account for the properties of Co, Cr, and Ni.
Hydrogenation of Δ5,7-Sterol Derivatives (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of Δ5,7-Sterol DerivativesW. V. Ruyle, E. M. Chamberlin, J. M. Chemerda, G. E. Sita, L. M. Aliminosa, and R. L. EricksonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 23, 5929–5933Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01143a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01143a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Adsorption of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate onto Sand, Clay, and Iron Oxide Surfaces (2007)

Fluorinated anionic surfactants have drawn considerable attention due to recent work showing significant concentrations in surface waters and biota from around the globe. A detailed understanding of the transport and fate of fluorinated surfactants through soil and like media must include an elucidation of mineral surface chemistry. Five materials were equilibrated with solutions of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) to characterize adsorption: kaolinite, Ottawa sand standard, synthetic goethite, Lake Michigan sediment, and iron-coated sand from Mappsville, VA. Aqueous and adsorbed PFOS was quantified with LC/MS (mass balance average: 101 ± 12 %, n = 37). The materials showed a near linear increase in adsorption as the equilibrium concentrations increased. Isotherms and calculated solid/solution distribution ratio experiments indicated that PFOS adsorption is significant but smaller than hydrocarbon analogues or organic compounds of similar molecular weight. Surface area normalized adsorption increased for the materials in the following order: goethite < kaolinite < high iron sand < Ottawa sand standard. Experimental results and comparisons to published data suggest that organic carbon may play an important role in sorption whereas electrostatic attraction may play a role when organic carbon is not present.
Inclusion behavior of water-soluble thiacalix- and calix[4]arenes towards substituted benzenes in aqueous solution (2003)

Inclusion abilities of thiacalix- and calix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (3 and 4) towards mono-substituted benzenes were investigated in neutral aqueous solution. In general, the hosts regioselectively encapsulated the guests from the aromatic moiety except the complexation of toluene by 4, in which the guest penetrated from either the aromatic or the methyl group. Stabilities of the inclusion complexes increased with the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent on the guest, suggesting pi-pi electronic interaction between the host and guest. In spite of the lower electron density of the aromatic ring, thiacalix[4]arene 3 showed higher inclusion ability than calix[4]arene 4, suggesting that the size rather than the electron density of the calix framework is a more important factor in determining the inclusion ability.
Strain-Dependent Photoacoustic Characteristics of Free-Standing Carbon-Nanocomposite Transmitters (2022)

In this paper we demonstrate strain-dependent photoacoustic (PA) characteristics of free-standing nanocomposite transmitters that are made of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and candle soot nanoparticles (CSNP) with an elastomeric polymer matrix. We analyzed and compared PA output performances of these transmitters which are prepared first on glass substrates and then in a delaminated free-standing form for strain-dependent characterization. This confirms that the nanocomposite transmitters with lower concentration of nanoparticles exhibit more flexible and stretchable property in terms of Young's modulus in a range of 4.08-10.57 kPa. Then, a dynamic endurance test was performed revealing that both types of transmitters are reliable with pressure amplitude variation as low as 8-15% over 100-800 stretching cycles for a strain level of 5-28% with dynamic endurance in range of 0.28-2.8%. Then, after 2000 cycles, the transmitters showed pressure amplitude variation of 6-29% (dynamic endurance range of 0.21-1.03%) at a fixed strain level of 28%. This suggests that the free-standing nanocomposite transmitters can be used as a strain sensor under a variety of environments providing robustness under repeated stretching cycles.
riboviz : analysis and visualization of ribosome profiling datasets (2017)

Abstract Using high-throughput sequencing to monitor translation in vivo, ribosome profiling can provide critical insights into the dynamics and regulation of protein synthesis in a cell. Since its introduction in 2009, this technique has played a key role in driving biological discovery, and yet it requires a rigorous computational toolkit for widespread adoption. We developed a processing pipeline and browser-based visualization, riboviz , that allows convenient exploration and analysis of riboseq datasets. In implementation, riboviz consists of a comprehensive and flexible backend analysis pipeline that allows the user to analyze their private unpublished dataset, along with a web application for comparison with previously published public datasets. Availability and implementation JavaScript and R source code and extra documentation are freely available from https://github.com/shahpr/RiboViz , while the web-application is live at www.riboviz.org .
Role of Milk and Dairy Foods in Nutrition and Health (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definition of Milk Chemical Composition of Milk Role of Milk Constituents in American Diet Nutritional Role of Milk References
Acylation of Wool Keratin with Dibasic Acid Anhydrides(II) ―on properties of acylated wool― (1996)

Wool yarns were treated in dimethylformamide solutions containing various concntrations of three dibasic acid anhydrides: succinic, itaconic, and phthalic arthydrides in various conditions. The structurl aspects of these dibasic acid anhydries are different: succinic, itaconic, and phthalic acid arthydrides have saturated aliphatic ethylene, unsaturated aliphatic vinyl and aromatic phenyl one groups, respectively. The properties of acylated wool keratin are as follows: Decreasing amino group and increasing carboxyl group by acylation lowered the hydrophilic property, and then moisture regain, and decreased acid dye uptake and enhanced cationic dye uptake of wool keratin. In the case of phthalic acid anhydries, in spite of lowest acyl content, the minimum of moisture regain was resulted from the bulk benzen ring, occuping much more voids on wool keratin molecules than other reagents. Acid solubility was increased by the decrease of amino group and hydrogen bonding by acylation. Alkali solubility was also increased formation of new amide group on the side chain of keratin, which can be degraded easily by alkali. In the case of phthalic acid anhydride, the relative high solubility was resulted from the much higher molecular weight of dissolved fractions. The surface of wool keratin was not damaged by treatment with any acylating agent.
Proteins Associated with Microtubules (1991)

There are probably as many proteins involved in controlling the assembly, disassembly and interactions of microtubules in cells as there are for actin. But fewer have been studied in great detail and it is possible that some major categories remain to be discovered. In addition to the structural components described below, a number of minor enzymatic components are known to copurify with tubulin. These include a transphosphorylase that can convert bound GDP back to GTP, an enzyme that specifically removes tyrosine from the C-terminus of α-tubulin monomers, and another that can replace this terminal residue.
Refinement modeling and verification of secure operating systems for communication in digital twins (2022)

In traditional digital twin communication system testing, we can apply test cases as completely as possible in order to ensure the correctness of the system implementation, and even then, there is no guarantee that the digital twin communication system implementation is completely correct. Formal verification is currently recognized as a method to ensure the correctness of software system for communication in digital twins because it uses rigorous mathematical methods to verify the correctness of systems for communication in digital twins and can effectively help system designers determine whether the system is designed and implemented correctly. In this paper, we use the interactive theorem proving tool Isabelle/HOL to construct the formal model of the X86 architecture, and to model the related assembly instructions. The verification result shows that the system states obtained after the operations of relevant assembly instructions is consistent with the expected states, indicating that the system meets the design expectations.
Identification of antigen-specific, lung resident memory B cells after influenza infection (2017)

Abstract B cells display phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in multiple anatomical locations following vaccination or infection. Influenza-specific memory B cells (Flu+BMEM cells) are found in both lymphoid tissues and lung. It is unclear whether these cells represent circulating or resident memory B cell (BRM) populations. We hypothesized that a portion of the Flu+BMEM cell population in the lung would be non-circulating, BRMs. To determine whether Flu+BMEM cells in the lung are circulating or resident, we parabiotically joined previously-infected, congenically-mismatched mice for 2 weeks and marked those cells currently in circulation by infusing anti-B220 and identified those that have trafficked between the partners by their expression of the CD45 congenic marker. The lungs of these mice had large populations of hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein -specific BMEM cells that did not attain equilibrium within 2 weeks of parabiosis, suggesting that they are non-circulating. The Flu+ BRMs in the lungs consisted of 56% IgM+ and 43.9% isotype-switched BRMs. They were established as early as 15 days after infection and maintained for at least 60 days. The formation of Flu+ BRMs required the germinal center (GC), as blocking CD40L with MR1 antibody, during the primary infection abrogated BRM. However, MR1-treatment of mice with established BRM did not affect BRMs in the lung, even though Flu+ GC B cells could be detected in the LN for up to 90 days. These data suggest that GC-dependent lung-BRMs are established early after infection and maintained independently of GCs. These findings are important in the development of vaccines that elicit BRMs and they will provide mechanistic information into the function of Ag+BMEM cells residing in the mucosa.
Narrow, highly P-doped, planar wires in silicon created by scanning probe microscopy (2006)

We demonstrate the use of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to pattern buried, highly planar phosphorus-doped silicon wires with widths down to the sub-10 nm level. We confirm the structural integrity of these wires using both buried dopant imaging techniques and ex situ electrical characterization. Four terminal I–V characteristics at 4 K show ohmic behaviour for all wires with resistivities between 1 and 24 × 10−8 Ω cm. Magnetotransport measurements reveal that conduction is dominated by disordered scattering with quantum corrections consistent with 2D weak localization theory. Our results show that these quantum corrections become more pronounced as the electron phase coherence length approaches the width of the wire.
Partially concatenated convolutional codes (2002)

We present a new code construction called partially concatenated convolutional codes. Parallel concatenated convolutional codes (turbo codes) and serially concatenated convolutional codes can be regarded as special cases of this construction. However, proper partitioning of the outer code sequences provides a new degree of freedom for code design.
Augmenting Generative Adversarial Networks for Speech Emotion Recognition (2020)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown potential in learning emotional attributes and generating new data samples. However, their performance is usually hindered by the unavailability of larger speech emotion recognition (SER) data. In this work, we propose a framework that utilises the mixup data augmentation scheme to augment the GAN in feature learning and generation. To show the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we present results for SER on (i) synthetic feature vectors, (ii) augmentation of the training data with synthetic features, (iii) encoded features in compressed representation. Our results show that the proposed framework can effectively learn compressed emotional representations as well as it can generate synthetic samples that help improve performance in within-corpus and cross-corpus evaluation.
Different Approaches and Outcome of Surgery for Tumors of the Lateral and Third Ventricle: an Institutional Series of 42 Patients (2016)

Objective: To review surgical approaches and outcome of patients with intraventricular lateral and third ventricle tumors operated at our institution.
Small-Signal Partitioning Scheme in Lateral Asymmetric MOSFET (2006)

LSI2
Purification and Long-Term Expansion of Multipotent Endothelial-Like Cells with Potential Cardiovascular Regeneration (2011)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) represent a relatively rare cell population, and expansion of sufficient cell numbers remains a challenge. Nevertheless, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) can be easily isolated and possess the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells. Here, we propose the isolation and characterization of multipotent endothelial-like cells (ME-LC) with the capacity to maintain their vascular progenitor properties for long periods. hASC were isolated from lipoaspirates and cultured through distinct consecutive culture stages for 2 months to enrich ME-LC: first in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-fetal bovine serum (stage I), followed by a stage of culture in absent of fetal bovine serum (stage II), a culture in SFO3 medium (stage III), and, finally, the culture of ME-LC into collagen IV-coated flasks in endothelial growth medium (EGM-2) (stage IV). ME-LC display increased expression levels of endothelial and hematopoietic lineage markers (CD45, KDR, and CXCR4) and EPC markers (CD34 and CD133), whereas the expression of CD31 was barely detectable. Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction assays showed expression of genes involved in early stages of EPC differentiation and decreased expression of genes associated to differentiated EPC (TIE-2, DLL4, and FLT-1). ME-LC formed capillary-like structures when grown on Matrigel, secreted increased levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and showed the ability to migrate attracted by SDF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hematopoietic growth factor cytokines. Importantly, ME-LC retained the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells. We present a simplified and efficient method to generate large numbers of autologous ME-LC from lipoaspirates-derived hASC, opening up potential cell-based therapies for cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
Velocity measurements in whole blood using acoustic resolution photoacoustic Doppler (2016)

Acoustic resolution photoacoustic Doppler velocimetry promises to overcome the spatial resolution and depth penetration limitations of current blood flow measuring methods. Despite successful implementation using blood-mimicking fluids, measurements in blood have proved challenging, thus preventing in vivo application. A common explanation for this difficulty is that whole blood is insufficiently heterogeneous relative to detector frequencies of tens of MHz compatible with deep tissue photoacoustic measurements. Through rigorous experimental measurements we provide new insight that refutes this assertion. We show for the first time that, by careful choice of the detector frequency and field-of-view, and by employing novel signal processing methods, it is possible to make velocity measurements in whole blood using transducers with frequencies in the tens of MHz range. These findings have important implications for the prospects of making deep tissue measurements of blood flow relevant to the study of microcirculatory abnormalities associated with cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis and other conditions.
Facile Method To Prepare Microcapsules Inspired by Polyphenol Chemistry for Efficient Enzyme Immobilization (2015)

In this study, a method inspired by polyphenol chemistry is developed for the facile preparation of microcapsules under mild conditions. Specifically, the preparation process includes four steps: formation of the sacrificial template, generation of the polyphenol coating on the template surface, cross-linking of the polyphenol coating by cationic polymers, and removal of the template. Tannic acid (TA) is chosen as a representative polyphenol coating precursor for the preparation of microcapsules. The strong interfacial affinity of TA contributes to the formation of polyphenol coating through oxidative oligomerization, while the high reactivity of TA is in charge of reacting/cross-linking with cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) through Schiff base/Michael addition reaction. The chemical/topological structures of the resultant microcapsules are simultaneously characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The wall thickness of the microcapsules could be tailored from 257±20 nm to 486±46 nm through changing the TA concentration. The microcapsules are then utilized for encapsulating glucose oxidase (GOD), and the immobilized enzyme exhibits desired catalytic activity and enhanced pH and thermal stabilities. Owing to the structural diversity and functional versatility of polyphenols, this study may offer a facile and generic method to prepare microcapsules and other kinds of functional porous materials.
Evolving viral marketing strategies (2010)

One method of viral marketing involves seeding certain consumers within a population to encourage faster adoption of the product throughout the entire population. However, determining how many and which consumers within a particular social network should be seeded to maximize adoption is challenging. We define a strategy space for consumer seeding by weighting a combination of network characteristics such as average path length, clustering coefficient, and degree. We measure strategy effectiveness by simulating adoption on a Bass-like agent-based model, with five different social network structures: four classic theoretical models (random, lattice, small-world, and preferential attachment) and one empirical (extracted from Twitter friendship data). To discover good seeding strategies, we have developed a new tool, called BehaviorSearch, which uses genetic algorithms to search through the parameter-space of agent-based models. This evolutionary search also provides insight into the interaction between strategies and network structure. Our results show that one simple strategy (ranking by node degree) is near-optimal for the four theoretical networks, but that a more nuanced strategy performs significantly better on the empirical Twitter-based network. We also find a correlation between the optimal seeding budget for a network, and the inequality of the degree distribution.
Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. (2000)

There is much evidence that rheumatoid arthritis is closely linked to angiogenesis. Important angiogenic mediators have been demonstrated in synovium and tenosynovium of rheumatoid joints. VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), expressed in response to soluble mediators such as cytokines and growth factors and its receptors are the best characterized system in the angiogenesis regulation of rheumatoid joints. Moreover, other angiogenic mediators such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, angiogenin, platelet activating factor (PAF), angiopoietin, soluble adhesion molecules, endothelial mediator (endoglin) play an important role in angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, endostatin, thrombospondin-1 and -2 are angiogenic inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis. The persistence of inflammation in rheumatoid joints is a consequence of an imbalance between these inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis.