gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Products and Biological Activity of the Pharmacologically Active Cauliflower MushroomSparassis crispa (2013)

Sparassis crispa, also known as cauliflower mushroom, is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties. Its cultivation became popular in Japan about 10 years ago, a phenomenon that has been attributed not only to the quality of its taste, but also to its potential for therapeutic applications. Herein, I present a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of its bioactive components, such as beta-glucan, and other physiologically active substances. In particular, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the beta-glucan components are presented herein in detail.
Co-Enrichment of Proteins in Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived secretions that mediate tissue homeostasis and intercellular communication through their diverse cargos, such as proteins. Distinct EV biogenesis pathways suggest specific association and co-enrichment of proteins sharing a biogenesis pathway, and non-association and co-depletion of proteins segregated into distinct pathways. Yet these associations elude conventional protein expression or co-expression measurements. Here, we propose and define pairwise protein co-enrichment (CoEn) to quantify whether a given protein is co-enriched or co-depleted with another protein relative to its overall expression. We measure CoEn, and differential CoEn (dCoEn) between a stimulus and a reference condition, of up to 240 protein pairs in EVs using antibody microarrays. We validate CoEn by modulating well-known EV biogenesis pathways, and find that dCoEn quantifies expected changes between perturbed and reference conditions while uncovering new ones; CoEn and dCoEn in three model cell lines and parental and organotropic breast cancer progeny cell lines reveals both preserved and variable CoEn that may warrant further studies. Collectively, our result suggest that CoEn reflects and illuminates cell physiology and EV biogenies, is readily measurable, and could further serve as quality control in EV biomanufacturing as well as underpin new EV biomarkers.
The Efficacy of Medical Team Training: Improved Team Performance and Decreased Operating Room Delays (2010)

MTT produced sustained improvement in OR team function, including decreased delays and improved case scores. When combined with a high-level debriefing/problem-solving process, MTT can be a foundation for improving OR performance. This is the largest case analysis of MTT and one of the few to document an impact of MTT on objective measures of operating room function and patient safety.
Selective Ion Binding by Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Calix(8)arenes (1996)

tert-Octylcalix(8)arene and derivatives in which the lower rim hydroxy groups have been converted into OCH2CO2Et and OCH2COCH3 groups have been shown to form Langmuir−Blodgett films readily. These films adsorb a range of anions and cations from solution. XPS determinations on the films identify both the nucleus and the extent of adsorption into the films. For anions the order of selection is I > F > Br > Cl and for cations is Cs > Rb > Na ≫ K. Such films clearly have potential applications in ion sensing.
The effect of light losses in double integrating spheres on optical properties estimation (1999)

The double integrating sphere setup (DIS) measures diffuse reflectance, diffuse transmittance and collimated transmittance, from which the optical properties of tissue (the absorption coefficient /spl mu//sub a/, the scattering coefficient /spl mu//sub s/ and the anisotropy of scattering g) are estimated. The effect of light losses in the DIS and optical thickness on optical properties estimation by the inverse adding doubling algorithm (IAD) and uniqueness of measurement have been investigated using a Monte Carlo method. Results were obtained for optical properties in turbid tissues (0.80/spl les/albedo/spl les/0.99, 0.80/spl les/anisotropy/spl les/ 0.99, 1.5/spl les/optical thickness/spl les/7.5) sandwiched between glass slides. At optical thickness=6.0 the loss of light through the glass slides is ranging from 13%/spl plusmn/0.5% (at albedo=0.80) to 15%/spl plusmn/0.5% (at albedo=0.98) of the incident power. The loss of light at the exit port in the transmittance sphere is increasing up to 50% of the incident power at highly forward scattering. These losses result in a dependency on optical thickness of the optical properties estimation by the IAD algorithm. Furthermore, because of these losses, the DIS setup measurement is found to be fundamentally nonunique, when simultaneously measuring the diffuse reflectance, diffuse transmittance and collimated transmittance.
A Descriptive Analysis of Dental Conditions Occurring During Conflicts, Deployments, and Field Training Exercises (1999)

This study was designed to determine the types and incidence of dental conditions that occur in a variety of operational scenarios and to identify the appropriate mix of supplies for treating those conditions. The purpose of Phase I, reported here, is to describe the incidence and distribution of dental conditions occurring to Marine Corps personnel during combat, deployments, and field training exercises. Data were gathered from scientific journals, after-action reports, and personal communications. A list of dental conditions that might be expected to present in a theater of operations was developed based on these data. Incidence rates for the different scenarios were calculated. In Phase II the dental procedures required to treat each dental condition will be identified, and the supplies required for each procedure will be determined.
MOCVD Growth of ZnSxSe1-x Epitaxial Layers Lattice-Matched to GaAs Using Alkyls of Zn, S and Se (1985)

ZnS x Se 1- x epitaxial layers have been grown on GaAs (100) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using Zn-, S- and Se-alkyls. With this source combination, the premature reaction typically encountered in the conventional MOCVD of zinc chalcogenides using Zn-alkyls and H 2 S or H 2 Se can be eliminated. The composition of ZnS x Se 1- x is easily controlled by the transport rates of S- and Se-alkyls. High crystalline quality of lattice matched samples is evident from the surface morphology and the line width of double crystal X-ray diffraction.
Optimum design of manipulators under dynamic isotropy conditions (2002)

The optimum design of manipulator architectures under dynamic isotropy conditions is addressed. The goal of the design is to choose the kinematic and inertial parameters of manipulators such that their generalized inertia matrices can attain values as close to isotropy as possible. Two design examples are given. One pertains to a three-degree-of-freedom serial manipulator, and the other to a platform parallel manipulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for the LARGE-dependent functional glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (2014)

Recent studies demonstrated that mutations in B3GNT1, an enzyme proposed to be involved in poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis, were causal for congenital muscular dystrophy with hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (secondary dystroglycanopathies). Since defects in the O-mannosylation protein glycosylation pathway are primarily responsible for dystroglycanopathies and with no established O-mannose initiated structures containing a β3 linked GlcNAc known, we biochemically interrogated this human enzyme. Here we report this enzyme is not a β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase with catalytic activity towards β-galactose but rather a β-1,4-glucuronyltransferase, designated B4GAT1, towards both α- and β-anomers of xylose. The dual-activity LARGE enzyme is capable of extending products of B4GAT1 and we provide experimental evidence that B4GAT1 is the priming enzyme for LARGE. Our results further define the functional O-mannosylated glycan structure and indicate that B4GAT1 is involved in the initiation of the LARGE-dependent repeating disaccharide that is necessary for extracellular matrix protein binding to O-mannosylated α-dystroglycan that is lacking in secondary dystroglycanopathies.
Microgrid Energy Management System for Normal and Emergency Operating Conditions (2019)

We present two energy management systems for microgrids. First, during normal operating conditions, it is assumed that the main grid provides a desired load profile for the microgrid to follow. The objective of the microgrid is to minimize its deviation from the desired load profile. Such objective is beneficial to the main grid to levelize the fluctuation of renewable energy output. Second, during emergency operating conditions when an outage occurs at the main grid, the objective of the microgrid is to maximize supplied microgrid internal loads including traditional loads and smart homes, as well as nearby external loads that lost power due to the outage, based on their priority. A mathematical formulation for both energy management systems is presented based on mixed integer linear programming. Simulation results show the capability of the proposed formulation in obtaining optimal values within acceptable computational times, which is necessary especially during emergency operating conditions.
Computer analysis of nonlinear circuits, excluding radiation (CANCER) (1971)

CANCER is a reasonably general circuit analysis program especially suited to integrated-circuit simulation. The program provides for the analysis of large circuits in the following four modes of operation: nonlinear d.c., large-signal transient, small-signal a.c., and thermal and shot noise. These subanalysis capabilities are intercoupled appropriately for convenience and efficiency. Internally, CANCER is a very general nodal analysis program that derives its efficiency from the exploitation of sparse matrix, adjoint, and implicit integration techniques.
Functionalization of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Pyrene-based Groups for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction by Laccase (2013)

Abstract not Available.
CLEC-2 Supports Platelet Aggregation in Mouse but not Human Blood at Arterial Shear (2022)

C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is highly expressed on platelets and a subpopulation of myeloid cells, and is critical in lymphatic development. CLEC-2 has been shown to support thrombus formation at sites of inflammation, but to have a minor/negligible role in hemostasis. This identifies CLEC-2 as a promising therapeutic target in thromboinflammatory disorders, without hemostatic detriment. We utilized a GPIbα-Cre recombinase mouse for more restricted deletion of platelet-CLEC-2 than the previously used PF4-Cre mouse. clec1b<sup>fl/fl</sup>GPIbα-Cre<sup>+</sup> mice are born at a Mendelian ratio, with a mild reduction in platelet count, and present with reduced thrombus size post-FeCl<sub>3</sub>-induced thrombosis, compared to littermates. Antibody-mediated depletion of platelet count in C57BL/6 mice, to match clec1b<sup>fl/fl</sup>GPIbα-Cre<sup>+</sup> mice, revealed that the reduced thrombus size post-FeCl<sub>3</sub>-injury was due to the loss of CLEC-2, and not mild thrombocytopenia. Similarly, clec1b<sup>fl/fl</sup>GPIbα-Cre<sup>+</sup> mouse blood replenished with CLEC-2-deficient platelets <i>ex vivo</i> to match littermates had reduced aggregate formation when perfused over collagen at arterial flow rates. In contrast, platelet-rich thrombi formed following perfusion of human blood under flow conditions over collagen types I or III, atherosclerotic plaque, or inflammatory endothelial cells were unaltered in the presence of CLEC-2-blocking antibody, AYP1, or recombinant CLEC-2-Fc. The reduction in platelet aggregation observed in clec1b<sup>fl/fl</sup>GPIbα-Cre<sup>+</sup> mice during arterial thrombosis is mediated by the loss of CLEC-2 on mouse platelets. In contrast, CLEC-2 does not support thrombus generation on collagen, atherosclerotic plaque, or inflamed endothelial cells in human at arterial shear.
A caspaselike activity is triggered by LPS and is required for survival of human dendritic cells (2003)

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) is a potent inducer of human dendritic cell (DC) maturation and survival. Here we show that immature DCs exposed to LPS trigger an early and sustained caspase-like activity, which can be blocked by zVAD (z-Val-Ala-Asp), in the absence of detectable caspase 8 and caspase 10 activation, or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleaving activity. Preventing LPS-induced caspase-like activation in DC results in massive cell death. Importantly, triggering of the caspase-like activity is required for LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and for LPS-induced up-regulation of cFLIP (Fas-associating protein with death domain-like interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme [FLICE]-like inhibitory protein). Therefore, a caspase-dependent pathway initiated by LPS controls survival of human DCs.
Design of an antenna subsystem for a semi active radar target (2002)

The paper describes the development of an antenna subsystem for airborne applications under the special conditions pertaining to the development and operation of a semi active radar target or SART. For this application the antenna system, together with the onboard electronics, must be capable of receiving the incoming signal, amplifying it to a specified level and retransmitting the signal, at the same frequency, in the direction of the original signal. Additionally the present application requires the antenna subsystem to operate over a bandwidth approaching 1 GHz. and with beamwidths exceeding 60 degrees. An antenna system is described which has been found to meet the specifications laid down. This antenna is based upon a helical antenna axially located within a circular waveguide. The basic helical wire antenna has been modified to improve its mechanical and electrical properties, culminating in a rugged design suitable for flight trials. Results are presented which show the antenna's performance over the required frequency range for axial ratio and beamwidth. A further requirement for this system is high isolation between antennas as the receive and transmit frequencies are the same. Results are also included to indicate the high isolation levels achieved by the inclusion of chokes in the metal antenna supporting structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF LINEAR SWEEP VOLTAMMETRY TO STUDY THE ADDITION OF ELECTROGENERATED ‐CH2CN TO AROMATIC CARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1978)

Abstract Eine allgemeine Methode zur Untersuchung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von elektrisch erzeugten Spezies mit elektroaktiven Verbindungen wird auf das Beispiel der Addition der Anionen (II) ‐ dargestellt aus Azobenzol oder Cyanmethyltriphenylphosphoniumionen ‐ an die Carbonylverbindung (I) angewendet, die zu den Nitrilen (III) und den Dinitrilen (IV) führt.
Technique for Measuring Surface Temperature Fluctuations on a Silicon Wafer During Boiling (1998)

Abstract A method of measuring temperature fluctuations on a silicon wafer during boiling is described. The technique consists of building an array of diodes on a silicon wafer using VLSI techniques, and exploiting the fact that the forward voltage drop across a silicon diode typically is approximately proportional to the inverse of the absolute temperature of the diode. Once a calibration of voltage drop vs. temperature is obtained, the temperature of each diode can be obtained by scanning across the diode array. A 32 × 32 array of diodes (1024 diodes) has been built. Each diode in the array is nominally 100 μm × 100 μm in size. A circuit capable of scanning this diode array at speeds up to 2.5 MHz was also designed, built, and tested. The entire array can be sampled at speeds up to about 2.5 kHz. Construction of the diode array, the circuit, and some preliminary results are described.
Technical Note: Rapid prototyping of 3D grid arrays for image guided therapy quality assurance (2008)

Three dimensional grid phantoms offer a number of advantages for measuring imaging related spatial inaccuracies for image guided surgery and radiotherapy. The authors examined the use of rapid prototyping technology for directly fabricating 3D grid phantoms from CAD drawings. We tested three different fabrication process materials, photopolymer jet with acrylic resin (PJ/AR), selective laser sintering with polyamide (SLS/P), and fused deposition modeling with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (FDM/ABS). The test objects consisted of rectangular arrays of control points formed by the intersections of posts and struts (2 mm rectangular cross section) and spaced 8 mm apart in the x, y, and z directions. The PJ/AR phantom expanded after immersion in water which resulted in permanent warping of the structure. The surface of the FDM/ABS grid exhibited a regular pattern of depressions and ridges from the extrusion process. SLS/P showed the best combination of build accuracy, surface finish, and stability. Based on these findings, a grid phantom for assessing machine-dependent and frame-induced MR spatial distortions was fabricated to be used for quality assurance in stereotactic neurosurgical and radiotherapy procedures. The spatial uniformity of the SLS/P grid control point array was determined by CT imaging (0.6 x 0.6 x 0.625 mm3 resolution) and found suitable for the application, with over 97.5% of the control points located within 0.3 mm of the position specified in CAD drawing and none of the points off by more than 0.4 mm. Rapid prototyping is a flexible and cost effective alternative for development of customized grid phantoms for medical physics quality assurance.
A Study on Gradient Boosting Algorithms for Development of AI Monitoring and Prediction Systems (2020)

Data-driven predictive maintenance for the prediction of machine failure has been widely studied and performed to test machine failures. Predictive maintenance refers to the machine learning method, which utilizes data for identification of potential system malfunction and provides an alert when a system assessed to be prone to breakdown. The proposed work reveals a novel framework called Artificial Intelligence Monitoring 4.0 (AIM 4.0), which is capable of determining the current condition of equipment and provide a predicted mean time before failure occurs. AIM 4.0 utilizes three different ensemble machine learning methods, including Gradient Boost Machine (GBM), Light GBM, and XGBoost for prediction of machine failures. The machine learning methods stated are implemented to produce acceptable accuracy for the monitoring task as well as producing a prediction with a high confidence level.
Structural and mechanical properties of (B0.5−xSix)N0.5 films synthesized by dual-ion-beam deposition (1996)

The structural and mechanical properties of ion-beam deposited (B0.5−xSix)N0.5 films (0≤x≤0.5) were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared absorption experiments, and nanoindentation tests. A single-layer BN film (x=0) has 70 vol. % in cubic phase (c-BN), and a hardness of 38 GPa. However, it peeled off very soon after deposition due to the high internal stress. If a buffer layer was deposited first, followed by a (B0.5−xSix)N0.5 film with x≊0.013, the whole configuration adhered very firmly to both quartz and silicon substrates. This improvement in adhesion was probably due to the formation of Si–N bonds, which served to release partly the stress inside the (B0.5−xSix)N0.5 films. Since the Si content was low, the film structure remained highly cubic, and there was no observable drop in hardness. For higher x, the cubic structure in (B0.5−xSix)N0.5 films disappeared rapidly and was replaced by a hexagonal structure. This structural change led to a rapid drop in hardness from 38 to 12 GPa. As x was further increased, more Si–N bonds were formed in the (B0.5−xSix)N0.5 layers. As a result, the hardness increased from the minimum value to a value ≊24 GPa.
More than Meets the Mind’s Eye? Preliminary Observations Hint at Heterogeneous Alpha Neuromarkers for Visual Attention (2019)

With their salient power distribution and privileged timescale for cognition and behavior, brainwaves within the 10 Hz band are special in human waking electroencephalography (EEG). From the inception of electroencephalographic technology, the contribution of alpha rhythm to attention is well-known: Its amplitude increases when visual attention wanes or visual input is removed. However, alpha is not alone in the 10 Hz frequency band. A number of other 10 Hz neuromarkers have function and topography clearly distinct from alpha. In small pilot studies, an activity that we named xi was found over left centroparietal scalp regions when subjects held their attention to spatially peripheral locations while maintaining their gaze centrally ("looking from the corner of the eyes"). I outline several potential functions for xi as a putative neuromarker of covert attention distinct from alpha. I review methodological aids to test and validate their functional role. They emphasize high spectral resolution, sufficient spatial resolution to provide topographical separation, and an acute attention to dynamics that caters to neuromarkers' transiency.
A superblock-based flash translation layer for NAND flash memory (2006)

In NAND flash-based storage systems, an intermediate software layer called a flash translation layer (FTL)is usually employed to hide the erase-before-write characteristics of NAND flash memory. This paper proposes a novel superblockbased FTL scheme, which combines a set of adjacent logical blocks into a superblock. In the proposed FTL scheme, superblocks are mapped at coarse granularity,while pages inside the superblock are mapped freely at fine granularity to any location in several physical blocks. To reduce extra storage and flash memory operations, the fine-grain mapping information is stored in the spare area of NAND flash memory. This hybrid mapping technique has the flexibility provided by fine-grain address translation, while reducing the memory overhead to the level of coarse-grain address translation. Our experimental results show that the proposed FTL scheme decreases the garbage collection overhead up to 40% compared to previous FTL schemes.
LTCC triplexer for WiMax applications (2005)

In the present work, a design procedure for multiplexer development has been described. This procedure allows to reduce development time by using of some local optimizations instead of one global. LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) triplexer for WiMax (IEEE 802.16e) applications, designed in accordance with described procedure, has been presented. The measured results agree well with the simulation.
Prospective thermal dosimetry: The key to hyperthermia's future (2006)

Carefully conducted phase III trials with rigorous quality assurance must employ prospective thermal dosimetry to validate the role of hyperthermia in multi-modality therapy.
Harnessing molecular photon upconversion at sub-solar irradiance using dual sensitized self-assembled trilayers (2017)

Self-assembled trilayers on metal oxide surfaces are used to increase absorption cross section and photocurrent generation efficiency <italic>via</italic> triplet–triplet annihilation.