gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Sequences of Clinical Events by Using a Personalized Temporal Latent Embedding Model (2015)

As a result of the recent trend towards digitization -- which increasingly affects evidence-based medicine, accountable care, personalized medicine, and medical "Big Data" analysis -- growing amounts of clinical data are becoming available for analysis. In this paper, we follow the idea that one can model clinical processes based on clinical data, which can then be the basis for many useful applications. We model the whole clinical evolution of each individual patient, which is composed of thousands of events such as ordered tests, lab results and diagnoses. Specifically, we base our work on a dataset provided by the Charité University Hospital of Berlin which is composed of patients that suffered from kidney failure and either obtained an organ transplant or are still waiting for one. These patients face a lifelong treatment and periodic visits to the clinic. Our goal is to develop a system to predict the sequence of events recorded in the electronic medical record of each patient, and thus to develop the basis for a future clinical decision support system. For modelling, we use machine learning approaches which are based on a combination of the embedding of entities and events in a multidimensional latent space, in combination with Neural Network predictive models. Similar approaches have been highly successful in statistical models for recommendation systems, language models, and knowledge graphs. We extend existing embedding models to the clinical domain, in particular with respect to temporal sequences, long-term memories and personalization. We compare the performance of our proposed models with standard approaches such as K-nearest neighbors method, Naïve Bayes classifier and Logistic Regression, and obtained favorable results with our proposed model.
Long-Term Biomechanical and Histologic Results of WST-D/NIR Corneal Stiffening in Rabbits, Up to 8 Months Follow-up (2017)

WST-D/NIR treatment resulted in significant and persistent long-term increase in corneal stiffness. Initial keratocyte apoptosis in the anterior stroma is followed by repopulation to normal level at 8 months after treatment. The safe nature of NIR light allows treatment of corneas of any thickness without endangering corneal endothelium or deeper ocular structures, potentially benefiting patients deemed unsuitable for riboflavin/UV-A cross-linking.
Disorder-Enabled Pure Chirality in Bilayer Plasmonic Metasurfaces (2018)

We experimentally study the effect of rotational disorder at the unit-cell level on the optical response of chiral bilayer plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of asymmetric dimers of gold nanoantennas. The structures are fabricated based on a two-step electron-beam lithography process in combination with a precision alignment procedure. For a comprehensive characterization of the chiral optical response of the fabricated bilayer metasurfaces, we combine two different measurement strategies, namely, direct measurement of the circular transmission using circularly polarized incident light and measurement of the Jones matrix using interferometric spectroscopy with linearly polarized incident light. This allows us both to do a comprehensive analysis of the polarization dependent properties and to retrieve the effective polarization eigenstates of the metasurface in the ordered and disordered regime directly from experimental data. Our results demonstrate that rotational disorder provides a route toward chiral plasmonic metasurfaces with orthogonal, purely circular eigenstates, leading to circular dichroism and optical activity without linear birefringence. Our experimental findings are additionally complemented and verified by numerical simulations for the ordered case.
Lignocellulosic Residues—a Source for Fermentable Sugars: Availability and Composition of Raw Materials, Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification (1987)

РЕЗЮМЕОбщата продукция от фотосинтезата на Земята е изчислена при· близително на 155–233 млрд. т годишно. От тях не повече от 8,8–36,6 млрд. т е възможно да бъдат подложени на различии процеси на конверсия. Ежегодно остават неизползвани 800 млн. т слама от житии култури заедно с битовите отпадъци от градовете, които представляват достъпен субстрат за производството на захари чрез ензимна обработка.В статията е посочен съставът и съдържанието на отделните захари. Преобладаващи захзри са глюкозата (35–45%) и ксилозата (8–24%). Върху предварително термично обработена пшеничена слама е получен ензимът целулаза от Trichoderma reesei. Ферментационната среда е съдържала 2,0 FPU/ml и 0,82 IU/ml β—глюкозидаза. Постигната е била максимална продуктивност 77,8 FPU/1/h и 33,9 IU/1/h β—глюкозидаза. Чрез обработка с пара чувствително е увеличена достъпността на еламата като субстрат, а оттам и повишение на добива на глюкоза и ксилоза. Хидролизата на суровия материал (10% суровина се свързват с 20 mg/ml ензим) е довела до получаване на 42 g/100 g слама глюкоза и 24 g/100 g слама ксилоза, количество близко до теоретично изчисленото.При подлагане на вестници и други хартиени отпадъци на хидролиза, като най-ефективен метод е доказано предварителиото им навлажняване и смилане. Смилането с диагонален нож-очистител в присъствието на 1% СаО е довело до получаване на 78% от теоретично изчисления добив глюкоза, който е 48 g/100 g вестникареки хартиени отпадъци.
An Imaging Ammeter for Electrochemical Measurements (2010)

A method for imaging local electrochemical current density uses light scattered from probe particles proximate to an electrode. A particle near a working electrode (WE) scattered light more intensely or less intensely as a function of local current density. The light intensity correlated with the measured current. A current density of was easily resolved. Fair agreement between the measured superficial current density and current density calculated from the light scattering intensity was achieved. The results demonstrate a method for imaging spatially varying electrochemical reaction rates with high resolution.
Methanol induces cytosolic calcium variations, membrane depolarization and ethylene production in arabidopsis and tobacco (2018)

Methanol is not only a by-product of PME activities, and our data suggest that [Ca2+]cyt variations could participate in signalling processes induced by methanol upstream of plant defence responses.
Validating an Automated Nucleic Acid Extraction Device for Omics in Space Using Whole Cell Microbial Reference Standards (2020)

NASA has made great strides in the past five years to develop a suite of instruments for the International Space Station in order to perform molecular biology in space. However, a key piece of equipment that has been lacking is an instrument that can extract nucleic acids from an array of complex human and environmental samples. The <i>Omics in Space</i> team has developed the μTitan (simulated micro(<b>μ</b>) gravity <b>t</b>ested <b>i</b>ns<b>t</b>rument for <b>a</b>utomated <b>n</b>ucleic acid) system capable of automated, streamlined, nucleic acid extraction that is adapted for use under microgravity. The μTitan system was validated using a whole cell microbial reference (WCMR) standard comprised of a suspension of nine bacterial strains, titrated to concentrations that would challenge the performance of the instrument, as well as to determine the detection limits for isolating DNA. Quantitative assessment of system performance was measured by comparing instrument input challenge dose vs recovery by Qubit spectrofluorometry, qPCR, Bioanalyzer, and Next Generation Sequencing. Overall, results indicate that the μTitan system performs equal to or greater than a similar commercially available, earth-based, automated nucleic acid extraction device. The μTitan system was also tested in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) with the WCMR, to mimic a remote setting, with limited resources. The performance of the device at YNP was comparable to that in a laboratory setting. Such a portable, field-deployable, nucleic extraction system will be valuable for environmental microbiology, as well as in health care diagnostics.
Mechanical Degradation of Biopolymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications (2022)

Summary Polymer degradation is detrimental to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) because it ultimately leads to solution viscosity loss. Molecular breakage during flow owing to high stresses, known as mechanical degradation, can occur in numerous stages during field polymer injection. One of the reasons biopolymers are promising for EOR is their enhanced mechanical stability compared to their polyacrylamide counterparts. This study presents a comparative investigation of the mechanical degradation of biopolymers with potential applications in EOR. The mechanical degradation was evaluated by flowing the solutions through a short-length capillary (internal diameter of 0.127 mm and length of 10 mm) and then testing their viscosity loss through a rheometer. Nine flow velocities were tested between 0.13 and 66 m/s (shear rates between 8.29 × 103 and 1.66 × 107 s−1) in addition to the undegraded baseline. Four biopolymers were evaluated [xanthan gum (XG), scleroglucan (SCLG), schizophyllan (SCP), and guar gum (GG)] and compared to two polyacrylamides [hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and HPAM-AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)] that serve as benchmarks for EOR processes. All the polymers were evaluated in three different concentrations (100, 500, and 2,000 ppm) in synthetic seawater (3.01% total dissolved solids). The degradation was evaluated through the Ostwald-de Waele indices. The consistency index (K) indicates loss of overall viscosity, and the behavior index (n) accounts for the loss of pseudoplasticity. Overall, the mechanical degradation correlated positively with shear rate and negatively with polymer concentration. When increasing the polymer concentration, the dominant mechanisms at play were macromolecule extension inhibition, caused by interactions with surrounding molecules, and hydrodynamic volume reduction. The biopolymers displayed superior resistance to mechanical degradation than the synthetic ones, with XG being the most resistant polymer. In this work, the main factors for the mechanical degradation resistance of different polymers were rigidity of the polymer structure in solution and the molar mass of the polymer chains.
Implicit Kalman filtering (1997)

For an implicitly defined discrete system, a new algorithm for Kalman filtering is developed and an efficient numerical implementation scheme is proposed. Unlike the traditional explicit approach, the implicit filter can be readily applied to ill-conditioned systems and allows for generalization to descriptor systems. The implementation of the implicit filter depends on the solution of the congruence matrix equation (A1)(Px)(AT1) = Py. We develop a general iterative method for the solution of this equation, and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence. It is shown that when the system matrices of an implicit system are sparse, the implicit Kalman filter requires significantly less computer time and storage to implement as compared to the traditional explicit Kalman filter. Simulation results are presented to illustrate and substantiate the theoretical developments.
Alberta First Nations Consultation & Accommodation Handbook (2014)

Alberta has had two attempts to develop a First Nation’s consultation and accommodation process. The first in 2005 was controversial for First Nations and frustrating for resource companies. The First Nation Consultation Policy (2013) was released on August 16, 2013. There were some conceptual improvements such as the centralization of First Nation Consultation and a consultation levy on resource companies. There are notable failures including the process of developing the new policy and the continued misunderstanding of the governing Treaties. Aboriginal consultation in Alberta after the new Policy will still be a frustrating, complicated, and expensive exercise despite government, industry, First Nations’ and public hopes. It need not be so. In this report, this latest attempt is described and critiqued with best practices from other jurisdiction suggested to correct the flaws.
Robust Levels of Long-Term Multilineage Reconstitution in the Absence of Stem Cell Self-Replication in W / W v Mice Transplanted with Purified Stem Cells (2003)

Isolation of primitive blood stem cells by different methods results in cell populations with distinct biological activities. This study was aimed at resolving differences in the frequency of multilineage reconstituting cells (MRC) and their precursors (pMRC) in cell populations isolated by positive selection for Sca-1 compared to those isolated by negative selection for 15-1.1. Separation of wheat germ agglutinin-positive mouse bone marrow cells into 15-1.1neg or Sca-1+ subsets was performed by flow cytometry. The isolated cells were transplanted into W/Wv or normal irradiated recipient mice and reconstitution was evaluated over time. Sca-1+ cells were less frequent and contained more MRC than 15-1.1neg cells, while pMRC were found mainly among 15-1.1neg cells. MRC activity was exclusively contained within the Sca-1+ subpopulation of 15-1.1neg cells, but marrow from 7 robustly engrafted W/Wv mice did not contain donor-derived MRC, indicating that 15-1.1negSca-1+ cells contain low numbers of pMRC. Functional differences between 15-1.1neg and Sca-1+ cells were further confirmed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR gene expression analysis. Early hematopoiesis-specific transcription factors (Scl, Gata-2, and Gata-1) were amplified from cDNA prepared from Sca-1+ but not 15-1.1neg cells. This study indicates that cell populations isolated as Sca-1+ are functionally distinct from those isolated as 15-1.1neg in that few pMRC are included among Sca-1+ cells and that MRC and pMRC are two distinct and separable cell populations.
A new procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-2-alkenylsilanes and -tins and their application to erythro-selective synthesis of .beta.-alkyl alcohol derivatives (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-2-alkenylsilanes and -tins and their application to erythro-selective synthesis of .beta.-alkyl alcohol derivativesHidetaka Yatagai, Yoshinori Yamamoto, and Kazuhiro MaruyamaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 13, 4548–4550Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00533a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00533a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views615Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Expression of the gene in mitogen-activated lymphocytes. (1986)

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was purified from bovine liver and digested with endopeptidase Lys-C; the resulting peptides were chromatographically separated. Peptides containing either methionine or tryptophan were subjected to sequence analysis. An oligonucleotide mixture of 48 sequences, which was 17 nucleotides in length, was synthesized based on one of these peptide sequences. This synthetic oligonucleotide mixture was labeled and used to screen a bovine cDNA library in phage lambda gt11. A clone was identified which contained a 1350-nucleotide insert. This insert contained nucleotide sequences coding for amino acid sequences of two of the peptides that were analyzed, thus proving that this cDNA clone codes for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. A subcloned fragment from the coding region of the cDNA was used as a probe to analyze the expression of this gene in mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Northern blots revealed two message species of 2.4 and 3.6 kilobases in length. Both mRNAs were coordinately expressed and were present in polysomes. The levels of these mRNAs increased approximately 4-fold by 9 h after activation of the cells. The magnitude of the increase in these messages is to be compared with an 8- to 10-fold increase in the rate of synthesis of the protein. The apparent increase in translational efficiency of this message upon lymphocyte activation was confirmed by analyzing polysomes from these cells. In resting lymphocytes, the average size of polysomes containing mRNA coding for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was 1.4 ribosomes per mRNA, and this value increased to 2.7 in stimulated cells. Thus, it appears that the increase in translational efficiency of this mRNA arises from an elevated rate of translational initiation, leading to more ribosomes per polysome encoding this particular message. This is not a general effect on the expression of all proteins, since there is no change in the translational efficiency of cytoplasmic actin upon activation of lymphocytes.
Novel fragmentation process of peptides by collision-induced decomposition in a tandem mass spectrometer: differentiation of leucine and isoleucine (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel fragmentation process of peptides by collision-induced decomposition in a tandem mass spectrometer: differentiation of leucine and isoleucineRichard S. Johnson, Stephen A. Martin, Klaus. Biemann, John T. Stults, and J. Throck. WatsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 21, 2621–2625Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00148a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00148a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2767Altmetric-Citations344LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Measurement of Material Elastic Properties in a High Gamma Irradiation Environment (2007)

This paper describes the first noncontact elastic vibration measurements of an object in a high gamma radiation field. Using a laser-coupled resonant ultrasound technique, the vibration modes of an Inconel hollow capped cylinder were measured as the gamma radiation field was increased to 104 Gy/h. This measurement technique allowed shifts in the resonant frequency of the sample’s vibration modes to be tracked over a 170-h period. The vibration mode frequencies changed in a manner consistent with the temperature dependence of the elastic stiffness coefficients of the material. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the laser approach for real-time resonant ultrasound measurements in this severely hostile nuclear environment.
Molekulare Maschinen (2016)

Abstract Der Nobelpreis für Chemie geht in diesem Jahr an Bernard L. Feringa, Jean‐Pierre Sauvage und James Fraser Stoddart. Sie haben die Grundlagen für die Konstruktion molekularer Maschinen gelegt und die ersten Prototypen synthetisiert.
Demographics, Treatment, and Early Outcomes in Penetrating Vascular Combat Trauma (2008)

There is an acceptable early patency and limb salvage rate in combat vascular repairs. A majority of penetrating vascular injuries occur in the lower extremities. Overall, penetrating vascular trauma is often a survivable injury.
Smart IoT - Implementation of Neuromorphic Circuits (2022)

This paper presents a simple analog neuromorphic system in microelectronics suitable for an audio source localization problem. The receptor can find the relative position of an audio source by the information of angles and distances according to acquire acoustic signals. In this paper, we focus on the angle detection, but some information of the distance is also presented. This paper also presents the development of some alternatives to the most important circuit blocks in neuromorphic systems: the neurons and the synapses. The results are validated in two different levels: the system level and the transistor level.
The integration of transportation with the energy system in China (2011)

Energy security and climate change are forcing China to change its inappropriate energy structure. Today, transport is the second largest energy consumer in China. No single method can achieve a fossil fuel independent transport and it is necessary to propose a comprehensive strategy which can benefit both transport and the energy system. This paper aims to evaluate different transport development strategies in terms of their effects on fossil fuel demand reduction and to explore to what extent renewable energy can contribute to the transport sector. With this objective, three investigations were carried out in sequence. Firstly, a Chinese transport model has been created and approach reliability has been examined. Secondly, two scenarios, continued improvement (CI) scenario and accelerated improvement (AI) scenario, have been designed and evaluated. The results indicate that evident fuel demand reduction can be achieved by formulated transport development planning but more alternative technologies and joint actions are needed in order to change the fuel structure. Finally, 100% non-fossil fuel transport was built up and analysed. The challenges of a transfer to a 100% non-fossil fuel transport in China are not severe at least in the perspectives of domestic biofuels potential and transmission capacity.
Ambient oxygen tension modulates endothelial fibrinolysis. (1993)

These data support the hypothesis of a fibrinolytic shift after altered ambient O2 tensions exposure in endothelium and demonstrate that HSVEC are more sensitive to altered O2 tension than HUVEC. Altered O2 tensions depress EC fibrinolysis in this model.