gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure-induced electronic phase separation of magnetism and superconductivity in CrAs (2015)

The recent discovery of pressure (p) induced superconductivity in the binary helimagnet CrAs has raised questions on how superconductivity emerges from the magnetic state and on the mechanism of the superconducting pairing. In the present work the suppression of magnetism and the occurrence of superconductivity in CrAs were studied by means of muon spin rotation. The magnetism remains bulk up to p 3.5 kbar while its volume fraction gradually decreases with increasing pressure until it vanishes at p 7 kbar. At 3.5 kbar superconductivity abruptly appears with its maximum Tc 1.2 K which decreases upon increasing the pressure. In the intermediate pressure region (3.5 p 7 kbar) the superconducting and the magnetic volume fractions are spatially phase separated and compete for phase volume. Our results indicate that the less conductive magnetic phase provides additional carriers (doping) to the superconducting parts of the CrAs sample thus leading to an increase of the transition temperature (Tc) and of the superfluid density (ρs). A scaling of ρs with as well as the phase separation between magnetism and superconductivity point to a conventional mechanism of the Cooper-pairing in CrAs.
Anomalous enrichment of C2+ ions by laser ablation of graphite in Ar jet (1998)

The formation mechanisms of C1+, C2+, and C3+ ions by laser ablation of graphite are investigated using time-of-flight (TOF) quadrupole mass spectroscopy. The laser ablation is performed in conjunction with a pulsed Ar expansion to elucidate the third-body effect on the formation of the small carbon cluster ions. Drastic enhancement of the C2+ ion signal is observed by an increase of the local pressure near the target, indicating that C2+ ions are efficiently formed by recombination of carbon atoms and subsequent ionization. The branching ratio of C1+, C2+, and C3+ ions and their mean translational energies are different from those of neutrals. Also, the TOF spectra for Cn+ ions show multiple peak structures, which implies that different mechanisms are involved in the formation of Cn+ ions.
Investigation of interaction of chitosan with solid organic acids and anhydrides under conditions of shear deformation (2000)

Chitosan interaction with stearic, oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids and with phthalic, succinic, and maleic anhydrides under shear deformation was investigated. It was shown that under these conditions the production of corresponding chitosan derivatives takes place. On the basis of elemental analysis, potentiometric titration, and IR spectroscopy data, the possible mechanisms of the reaction are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 616–622, 2000
Two Diastereomers of d-Limonene-Derived Cyclic Carbonates from d-Limonene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide with a Tetrabutylammonium Chloride Catalyst (2017)

Abstract Two diastereomers of d-limonene-derived five-membered cyclic carbonates were prepared from the corresponding isomers of d-limonene oxide with CO2. Their syntheses were catalyzed by commercially available tetrabutylammonium chloride with high stereoselectivity. The reaction behavior dependent on the reaction conditions such as CO2 pressure was clarified.
Molecular Genetic and Functional Characterization Implicate Muscle-Restricted Coiled-Coil Gene ( MURC ) as a Causal Gene for Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2011)

MURC mutations impart loss-of-function effects on MURC functions and probably are causal variants in human DCM. The causal role of a deletion mutation in HCM is uncertain.
Differential Gene Expression in Coiled versus Flow-Diverter-Treated Aneurysms: RNA Sequencing Analysis in a Rabbit Aneurysm Model (2015)

We observed different physiopathologic responses after endovascular treatment with various devices. Flow diverters promote endothelialization but express molecules that could potentially explain the rare delayed ruptures. Coils promote wound healing and express genes potentially implicated in the recurrence of coiled aneurysms.
PREDICTION, FORMATION AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF HIGH CHROMIUM-ALLOYED PM STAINLESS STEEL SINTERED IN DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERES (2014)

Analysis of the microstructure of high chromium alloyed PM stainless steel was performed in several stages. The equilibrium phase diagrams and mass fractions of phases for alloy Fe-20%Cr-17%(Ni,Si,Mn)-C were calculated using Thermo-Calc and JMatPro software. All calculations were done for two nitrogen content levels, which correspond to compositions of material sintered in N2-H2 and atmosphere without nitrogen (pure H2 and argon), respectively. According to calculations, austenite and chromium carbides are in equilibrium if sintering is an in atmosphere without nitrogen, and austenite with chromium carbonitrides and carbides for material sintered in N2-H2 atmosphere. The microstructure of the materials is affected by the sintering atmosphere, especially at the surface. The influence of sintering atmospheres on microstructure was analyzed. The results showed that the predicted microstructure is in good agreement with observed real microstructure.
Reaction Kinetics in Ionic Liquids as Studied by Pulse Radiolysis:  Redox Reactions in the Solvents Methyltributylammonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and N-Butylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate (2002)

Rate constants for several reduction and oxidation reactions were determined by pulse radiolysis in three ionic liquids and compared with rate constants in other solvents. Radiolysis of the ionic liquids methyltributylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (R4NNTf2), N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BuPyBF4), and N-butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BuPicPF6) leads to formation of solvated electrons and organic radicals. In R4NNTf2 the solvated electrons do not react rapidly with the solvent and were reacted with several solutes, including CCl4, benzophenone, and quinones. In the pyridinium ionic liquids the solvated electrons react with the pyridinium moiety to produce a pyridinyl radical, which, in turn, can transfer an electron to various acceptors. The rate constant for reduction of duroquinone by the benzophenone ketyl radical in R4NNTf2 (k = 2 × 107 L mol-1 s-1) is much lower than that measured in water (k = 2 × 109 L mol-1 s-1) due to the high viscosity of the ionic liquid. Rate constants for electron transfer from the solvent-derived butylpyridinyl radicals in BuPyBF4 and BuPicPF6 to several compounds (k of the order of 108 L mol-1 s-1) also are lower than those measured in water and in 2-PrOH but are significantly higher than the diffusion-controlled rate constants estimated from the viscosity, suggesting an electron hopping mechanism through solvent cations. Electron transfer between methyl viologen and quinones takes place 3 or 4 orders of magnitude more slowly in BuPyBF4 than in water or 2-PrOH and the direction of the electron transfer is solvent dependent. The driving force reverses direction on going from water to 2-PrOH and is intermediate in the ionic liquid. Radiolysis of ionic liquid solutions containing CCl4 and O2 leads to formation of CCl3O2• radicals, which oxidize chlorpromazine (ClPz) with rate constants near 1 × 107 L mol-1 s-1, i.e., much lower than in aqueous solutions and close to rate constants in alcohols. On the other hand, the experimental rate constants in the ionic liquids and in water are close to the respective diffusion-controlled limits while the values in alcohols are much slower than diffusion-controlled.
Introduction and Background (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Characterization of Chemical Contaminants Human Exposures and Dosimetry Chemical Exposures and Dose to Target Tissues Concentration of Toxic Chemicals in Human Microenvironments Inhalation Exposures and Respiratory Tract Effects Ingestion Exposures and Gastrointestinal Tract Effects Skin Exposure and Dermal Effects Absorption through Membranes and Systemic Circulation Accumulation in Target Tissues and Dosimetric Models Indirect Measures of Past Exposures Characterization of Health Exposure–Response Relationships Study Options for Health Effects Studies References
Dynamic Article (2015)

Full-thickness excision for benign colon polyps using combined endoscopic laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible. Using this technique, difficult polyps not amenable to traditional endoscopic approaches can be removed and colectomy may be avoided.
Elastic backscattering spectroscopic microscopy (2005)

The spectral properties of elastic light-scattering signals have been shown to provide a wealth of information on nanostructures and microstructures. We present elastic backscattering spectroscopic microscopy that allows simultaneous acquisition of microscopic images and backscattering spectra at each pixel. Within a single homogeneous micrometer-scale particle we observe two distinct and highly localized spectral oscillation features that arise from different optical paths: (1) surface waves (e.g., the ripple structure) and (2) a not previously reported anomalous ripple structure that is due to the interference of waves scattered from front and back surfaces at the particle's center. We also demonstrate that the spectroscopic data can provide nanoscale structural information beyond what conventional microscopy reveals.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Detecting Soil Salinization Using ProSpecTIR-VS Aerial Imagery and Sensor Simulation (2017)

Soil salinization due to irrigation affects agricultural productivity in the semi-arid region of Brazil. In this study, the performance of four computational models to estimate electrical conductivity (EC) (soil salinization) was evaluated using laboratory reflectance spectroscopy. To investigate the influence of bandwidth and band positioning on the EC estimates, we simulated the spectral resolution of two hyperspectral sensors (airborne ProSpecTIR-VS and orbital Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI)) and three multispectral instruments (RapidEye/REIS, High Resolution Geometric (HRG)/SPOT-5, and Operational Land Imager (OLI)/Landsat-8)). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the first-order derivative analysis were applied to the data to generate metrics associated with soil brightness and spectral features, respectively. The three sets of data (reflectance, PCA, and derivative) were tested as input variable for Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Ordinary Least Square regression (OLS), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Finally, the laboratory models were inverted to a ProSpecTIR-VS image (400–2500 nm) acquired with 1-m spatial resolution in the northeast of Brazil. The objective was to estimate EC over exposed soils detected using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results showed that the predictive ability of the linear models and ELM was better than that of the MLP, as indicated by higher values of the coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio of the performance to deviation (RPD), and lower values of the root mean square error (RMSE). Metrics associated with soil brightness (reflectance and PCA scores) were more efficient in detecting changes in the EC produced by soil salinization than metrics related to spectral features (derivative). When applied to the image, the PLSR model with reflectance had an RMSE of 1.22 dS·m−1 and an RPD of 2.21, and was more suitable for detecting salinization (10–20 dS·m−1) in exposed soils (NDVI &lt; 0.30) than the other models. For all computational models, lower values of RMSE and higher values of RPD were observed for the narrowband-simulated sensors compared to the broadband-simulated instruments. The soil EC estimates improved from the RapidEye to the HRG and OLI spectral resolutions, showing the importance of shortwave intervals (SWIR-1 and SWIR-2) in detecting soil salinization when the reflectance of selected bands is used in data modelling.
Interface Trap Density Reduction for Al2O3/GaN (0001) Interfaces by Oxidizing Surface Preparation prior to Atomic Layer Deposition (2015)

We correlate interfacial defect state densities with the chemical composition of the Al2O3/GaN interface in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures using synchrotron photoelectron emission spectroscopy (PES), cathodoluminescence and high-temperature capacitance-voltage measurements. The influence of the wet chemical pretreatments involving (1) HCl+HF etching or (2) NH4OH(aq) exposure prior to atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 were investigated on n-type GaN (0001) substrates. Prior to ALD, PES analysis of the NH4OH(aq) treated surface shows a greater Ga2O3 component compared to either HCl+HF treated or as-received surfaces. The lowest surface concentration of oxygen species is detected on the acid etched surface, whereas the NH4OH treated sample reveals the lowest carbon surface concentration. Both surface pretreatments improve electrical characteristics of MOS capacitors compared to untreated samples by reducing the Al2O3/GaN interface state density. The lowest interfacial trap density at energies in the upper band gap is detected for samples pretreated with NH4OH. These results are consistent with cathodoluminescence data indicating that the NH4OH treated samples show the strongest band edge emission compared to as-received and acid etched samples. PES results indicate that the combination of reduced carbon contamination while maintaining a Ga2O3 interfacial layer by NH4OH(aq) exposure prior to ALD results in fewer interface traps after Al2O3 deposition on the GaN substrate.
Alzheimer’s Quick Test cognitive screening criteria for West African speakers of Krio (2006)

AQT C-N and C-A naming are time efficient (3-5 min each), objective and reliable and can be administered in Krio to West African adults in Africa, Europe or North America to screen for cognitive impairments and facilitate referral for medical workup.
Heterocycles. 182. Neighboring group interaction in ortho-substituted heterocycles. 2. 1,2,4-Oxadiazolylpyridines and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine 3-oxides (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocycles. 182. Neighboring group interaction in ortho-substituted heterocycles. 2. 1,2,4-Oxadiazolylpyridines and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine 3-oxidesB. Vercek, I. Leban, B. Stanovnik, and M. TislerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 10, 1695–1699Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01324a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01324a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Succinct representation of binary trees (2008)

In this work, we focus on succinct representation of data structures, especially the representation of binary trees. We show that the number of trees on n nodes is actually the Catalan number, and focus on the level-order representation of binary trees. Three succinct tree representations are explained in detail, and examples are given how to move between them. Not only the space occupancy of the data structure is important, but to support the navigational operations as quickly as possible. For this reason we introduce the RANK and SELECT operations.
Microelectrode Implants for Spinal Cord Stimulation in Rats (2015)

Paralysis is a debilitating condition afflicting millions of people across the globe, and is particularly deleterious to quality of life when motor function of the legs is severely impaired or completely absent. Fortunately, spinal cord stimulation has shown great potential for improving motor function after spinal cord injury and other pathological conditions. Many animal studies have shown stimulation of the neural networks in the spinal cord can improve motor ability so dramatically that the animals can even stand and step after a complete spinal cord transaction. This thesis presents work to successfully provide a chronically implantable device for rats that greatly enhances the ability to control the site of spinal cord stimulation. This is achieved through the use of a parylene-C based microelectrode array, which enables a density of stimulation sites unattainable with conventional wire electrodes. While many microelectrode devices have been proposed in the past, the spinal cord is a particularly challenging environment due to the bending and movement it undergoes in a live animal. The developed microelectrode array is the first to have been implanted in vivo while retaining functionality for over a month. In doing so, different neural pathways can be selectively activated to facilitate standing and stepping in spinalized rats using various electrode combinations, and important differences in responses are observed. An engineering challenge for the usability of any high density electrode array is connecting the numerous electrodes to a stimulation source. This thesis develops several technologies to address this challenge, beginning with a fully passive implant that uses one wire per electrode to connect to an external stimulation source. The number of wires passing through the body and the skin proved to be a hazard for the health of the animal, so a multiplexed implant was devised in which active electronics reduce the number of wires. Finally, a fully wireless implant was developed. As these implants are tested in vivo, encapsulation is of critical importance to retain functionality in a chronic experiment, especially for the active implants, and it was achieved without the use of costly ceramic or metallic hermetic packaging. Active implants were built that retained functionality 8 weeks after implantation, and achieved stepping in spinalized rats after just 8-10 days, which is far sooner than wire-based electrical stimulation has achieved in prior work.
Evaluation for sleep apnea in patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and Marfan: a questionnaire study (2001)

Sleep complaints are frequently reported by patients with Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). We examined the exact nature of sleep complaints in these patients. A representative sample of Marfan and EDS patients responded to a general sleep questionnaire, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health-related quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. Fifteen Marfan patients and 9 EDS patients were evaluated and compared to 24 healthy controls, matched for age, sex and body mass index. Maintaining sleep was frequently disturbed in Marfan (40%, p < 0.04) as well as in EDS patients (56%, p < 0.01). Sleep apnea was exclusively reported by Marfan patients (27%, p = 0.03). Periodic limb movements were much more reported in EDS (67%, p = 0.02) than in Marfan (27%, p = 0.25) compared to controls (8%). Pain and back complaints were highly presented in both groups, but most pronounced in EDS patients (47% in Marfan versus 77% in EDS). No differences for the scores in the ESS were found. For all SF-36 questionnaire items, scores were much lower in patient groups, except for emotional problems. We found that sleep complaints were not rare in Marfan and EDS patients and correlated well with different QOL items. Our study calls for greater attention to the presence of apnea, pain and periodic limb movements in these patients.
Integral Assessment of the Revised JENDL Dosimetry File (2001)

The JENDL Dosimetry File, which contains 67 dosimetry reactions, has been revised by the Dosimetry Integral Test Working Group of the Japanese Nuclear Data Committee. Thirty-one cross sections and their covariance data were simultaneously evaluated mainly through a generalized least-squares code using the experimental data in EXFOR. In order to confirm the reliability of the present revised data, integral tests have been carried out by comparing the calculated spectrum-averaged cross sections with the measured ones in fission neutron fields, fast/thermal reactor neutron fields, D-T and D-Li fusion-like neutron fields. In most of the dosimetry cross sections, it has been found that the ratios of calculated to experimental results on their integral tests show reasonable agreement within predicted uncertainty, while unreasonable discrepancies are still observed in some revised JENDL dosimetry cross sections.
94. Kinetics of meiotic maturation differ between pre-pubertal and adult porcine oocytes (2003)

Oocytes from pre-pubertal pigs have lower developmental competence (DC) than those from adult pigs during in vitro embryo production [1].Oocyte DC depends on success of nuclear (meiotic) and cytoplasmic maturation.Comparison of these oocytes groups provides an excellent model to better understand these developmental competence differences.The objective of this study was to determine whether meiotic maturation kinetics differ between pre-pubertal versus adult oocytes and their response to dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) meiotic inhibitor.Oocytes were aspirated from 3-8 mm follicles of prepubertal and adult pig ovaries, washed three times in maturation media (MM) and transferred to 50 µL droplets of MM.Oocytes were matured for 44 h in medium 199 supplemented as previously described [2], either in presence or absence of 1 mM dbcAMP.After 24 h oocytes were washed in MM without dbcAMP and transferred to 50 µL MM droplets without dbcAMP.Groups of oocytes were fixed at 0, 16, 22, 40 and 44 h of IVM in a solution of ethanol and acetic acid (3:1, v/v) for 48 h then stained with 1% (w/v) orcein.Nuclear structures were then assessed by phase contrast microscopy.Eight separate replicates were examined with approximately 25 oocytes examined per time point per replicate.Prepubertal oocytes progress faster throughout meiotic stages germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase 1 (M1), finishing meiosis by reaching metaphase 2 at the same rate as adult.dbcAMP maintains higher rates of pre-pubertal and adult oocytes in GV and M1 meiotic stages, however pre-pubertal oocytes still reach these stages earlier than adult oocytes.In conclusion, increased time in meiotic stages appears to be important for attainment of developmental competence during in vitro maturation.Likewise, increased response of adult oocytes to dbcAMP indicates they are more equipped to utilize or receive more dbcAMP to increase meiotic time, hence DC.