gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evanescent-Wave Gas Sensing Using an Integrated Thermal Light Source (2017)

The last years showed an increased request for miniaturised, CMOS-compatible gas detectors. In contrast to sensors utilizing metal-oxide chemical interfaces, optical strategies are potentially faster and more robust. Recently we demonstrated CO2 detection by evanescent-wave absorption in the mid-infrared using a combination of an external laser source and silicon waveguides based on CMOS technology. We now go one step further and demonstrate the feasibility of detection of CO2 down to a concentration of 3% with a low-cost integrated thermal source. These results are promising for further technological developments towards on-chip mid-infrared photonic gas sensors, and new designs are currently devised to increase the yet relatively low sensitivity.
Synthèse et propriétés de nouvelles molécules carbo-mères : carbo-quinoïdes et carbo-benzénoïdes (2015)

A la suite de nombreuses illustrations et validations au niveau fondamental, la chimie de molécules carbo-mères s'est récemment orientée vers des cibles fonctionnelles en termes de perspectives d'applications (" carbo-matériaux " moléculaires). C'est ainsi que de telles molécules expansées en carbone ont récemment montré des propriétés remarquables dans les domaines de la conductivité sur molécule unique (SMC) ou de l'absorption à deux photons (TPA). La considération de cibles de types fondamentalement nouveaux " reste cependant nécessaire en préliminaire à l'étude de propriétés nouvelles aussi. Le travail décrit dans ce manuscrit présente essentiellement les résultats concernant la synthèse de carbo-quinoïdes et de carbo-benzénoïdes, deux types de structures carbo-mères qui n'avaient jamais été envisagées expérimentalement auparavant. Le premier chapitre est un résumé bibliographique décrivant notamment la synthèse et les propriétés de molécules carbo-mères aromatiques, et plus généralement hautement pi-conjuguées (carbo-benzènes, carbo-cyclohexadiènes, carbo-oligoacétylènes...) Le second chapitre porte sur l'étude complète des trois régioisomères, " ortho ", " para ", et " meta " du tétraphényl-carbo-benzène, dont les deux premiers représentants avaient été partiellement décrits. Le troisième chapitre décrit la synthèse et l'étude du premier exemple de carbo-quinoïde, ainsi que sa transformation rédox réversible en carbo-benzènes, illustrant ainsi la " pro-aromaticité redox " des carbo-quinoïdes vis-à-vis de leurs analogues oxydés carbo-benzènes. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et l'étude d'un carbo-benzénoïde, le carbo-naphtalène, pouvant être considéré comme le plus petit fragment polycyclique condensé d'alpha-graphyne, un matériau largement étudié au niveau théorique mais encore inconnu expérimentalement à ce jour. Les propriétés physico-chimiques et spectroscopiques de carbo-naphtalène sont comparées à celle du carbo-benzène monocyclique correspondant, dont la synthèse est aussi détaillée.
High-temperature, high-pressure optical spectroscopic study of ferric-iron-bearing tourmaline (2002)

The optical spectra of dravite (tourmaline) with an unusually high ratio of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and a synthetic elbaite with high Fe3+ content were studied at high temperature (297 to 600 K) and high pressure (to 10.51 GPa) conditions. Individual absorption bands derived from paired Fe atoms were identified in the spectra and their temperature and pressure dependence was studied. The most pronounced effects are the intensification of the two Fe2+-related bands (~9090 cm-1 and ~14300 cm-1) at pressure, their shift to higher energy at pressure, and their pronounced intensity decrease with increasing temperature. Such behavior is assumed to be caused by an electronic exchange interaction in an Fe2+-Fe3+ pair at adjacent Y sites in the structure.
Minimal operator set for passive depth from defocus (1996)

A fundamental problem in depth from defocus is the measurement of relative defocus between images. We propose a class of broadband operators that, when used together, provide invariance to scene texture and produce accurate and dense depth maps. Since the operators are broadband, a small number of them are sufficient for depth estimation of scenes with complex textural properties. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real scenes to evaluate the performance of the proposed operators. The depth detection gain error is less than 1%, irrespective of texture frequency. Depth accuracy is found to be 0.5/spl sim/1.2% of the distance of the object from the imaging optics.
ChemInform Abstract: GEMEINSAME EINWIRKUNG VON PHOSPHINEN UND TETRACHLORKOHLENSTOFF AUF AMMONIAK (DERIVATE) 15. MITT. DARSTELLUNG NEUER CHLORFORMAMIDINE (1974)

Abstract Durch Einwirkung von Triphenylphosphin/CCl4 bzw. Trimorpholinphosphin/CCl4 bzw. Dichlortriphenylphosphoran?riäthylamin auf die entsprechenden N,N′,N′‐trisubstituierten Harnstoffe (oder analoge Thioharnstoffe) in Acetonitril bei 10°C bzw. ‐30°C bzw. ‐20°C werden die Chlorformamidine (Ia) und (Ib) bzw. (Ic) und (Id) bzw. (Ie) und (If) dargestellt.
Associations of Monocyte Count and Other Immune Cell Types with Interstitial Lung Abnormalities (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> Higher blood monocyte counts are associated with worse survival in adults with clinically diagnosed pulmonary fibrosis. Their association with the development and progression of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in humans is unknown. <b>Objectives:</b> We evaluated the associations of blood monocyte count, and other immune cell types, with ILA, high-attenuation areas, and FVC in four independent cohorts. <b>Methods:</b> We included participants with measured monocyte counts and computed tomographic (CT) imaging enrolled in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, <i>n</i> = 484), AGES-Reykjavik (Age/Gene Environment Susceptibility Study, <i>n</i> = 3,547), COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of COPD, <i>n</i> = 2,719), and the ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points, <i>n</i> = 646). <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> After adjustment for covariates, a 1-SD increment in blood monocyte count was associated with ILA in MESA (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.8), AGES-Reykjavik (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3), COPDGene (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4), and ECLIPSE (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.4). A higher monocyte count was associated with ILA progression over 5 years in AGES-Reykjavik (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3). Compared with participants without ILA, there was a higher percentage of activated monocytes among those with ILA in MESA. Higher monocyte count was associated with greater high-attenuation areas in MESA and lower FVC in MESA and COPDGene. Associations of other immune cell types were less consistent. <b>Conclusions:</b> Higher blood monocyte counts were associated with the presence and progression of interstitial lung abnormalities and lower FVC.
El color de la tuberculosis (2017)

?Puede una enfermedad tener color desde el punto de vista artistico? La respuesta puede que le sorprenda: si. Un cubano, pintor de profesion, hizo esto en los tiempos de la republica mediatizada. Su nombre Fidelio Ponce de Leon.  Aunque Ponce debido a su caracter bohemio no termino la escuela de San Alejandro, que habia matriculado en 1915, se dedicaba a dar clases de pintura a los ninos de las esferas menos favorecidas de la periferia de la capital. Si bien no fue uno de los pintores mas criticos del gobierno de turno, si imprimio en sus lienzos la desesperanza y sufrimiento de la epoca. Los temas de sus obras giraban en torno a la religion, la enfermedad y la muerte. Alrededor de 1934 pinta uno de sus cuadros mas famosos: “Tuberculosis”. Sus obras fueron expuestas en prestigiosos salones del pais y en el extranjero como en: Mexico, Argentina y Nueva York.
Measurement of dynamic deformation using a superimposed grating (2004)

aceptado el 27 de mayo de 2003 Mechanical devices are normally used under conditions of dynamic motion.Due to resonance effects, this condition produces undesired modes of vibration, which are necessary to be measured for satisfactory design.This paper describes a method to measure the temporal development of the vibrational modes in mechanical objects subjected to external vibration, by a double exposure fringe technique.A grating placed directly on the object under study serves as a carrier frequency, which enables automatic phase calculation.This grating, which is imaged by a commercial digital camera, used in conjunction with a spatial carrier fringe method for phase evaluation, allows determining the vibration deformation.This technique is suitable for the analysis of rapid transient events since no movable parts are required in the system.The obtained range of deformation by the proposed method goes from a few tenths of micrometers to millimetres.
Research and development work on fast helium-cooled reactors (1983)

The need to develop fast breeders with excellent breeding characteristics is discussed. Discussion centers around a fast helium-cooled reactor, its basic technical characteristics, the heat-transfer paths with a steam turbine unit in the secondary loop, and description of the design of the reactor and fuel assemblies.
Silylation processes for 193-nm lithography using acid-catalyzed resists (1992)

A systematic study of acid-catalyzed resist formulations was used to investigate the mechanism for resist behavior in a 193 nm silylation process. Sensitivities for these resists are higher than that of base resins even when processed without their normal post-exposure bake. To investigate this, resist formulations with different combinations of the constituent components of typical acid-catalyzed resists were evaluated. Both liquid-phase and vapor-phase silylation processes were employed and a range of post-exposure bake temperatures between 100 and 140 degree(s)C were used. The improved sensitivity for the acid-catalyzed resists is not due to heating during the vapor-phase silylation process or during the laser pulse. Instead, evidence was found for a direct crosslinking reaction between phenolic resin groups in the presence of acid without a melamine additive.
Eliciting Forecasts from Self-interested Experts: Scoring Rules for Decision Makers (2011)

Scoring rules for eliciting expert predictions of random variables are usually developed assuming that experts derive utility only from the quality of their predictions (e.g., score awarded by the rule, or payoff in a prediction market). We study a more realistic setting in which (a) the principal is a decision maker and will take a decision based on the expert's prediction; and (b) the expert has an inherent interest in the decision. For example, in a corporate decision market, the expert may derive different levels of utility from the actions taken by her manager. As a consequence the expert will usually have an incentive to misreport her forecast to influence the choice of the decision maker if typical scoring rules are used. We develop a general model for this setting and introduce the concept of a compensation rule. When combined with the expert's inherent utility for decisions, a compensation rule induces a net scoring rule that behaves like a normal scoring rule. Assuming full knowledge of expert utility, we provide a complete characterization of all (strictly) proper compensation rules. We then analyze the situation where the expert's utility function is not fully known to the decision maker. We show bounds on: (a) expert incentive to misreport; (b) the degree to which an expert will misreport; and (c) decision maker loss in utility due to such uncertainty. These bounds depend in natural ways on the degree of uncertainty, the local degree of convexity of net scoring function, and natural properties of the decision maker's utility function. They also suggest optimization procedures for the design of compensation rules. Finally, we briefly discuss the use of compensation rules as market scoring rules for self-interested experts in a prediction market.
Novel zero-voltage transition semi bridgeless boost PFC converter with soft switching auxiliary switch (2014)

By using an active snubber, a novel implementation of the zero-voltage transition (ZVT) semi bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) converter is proposed. The active snubber reduces the reverse-recovery-related losses of the boost diodes and also provides zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for the main switches in the proposed converter. Furthermore, the auxiliary switch is operated at soft switching, the rest of the diodes are also realized to turn on and turn off naturally. Operating modes and optimal control strategy of the proposed converter are discussed in detail, and design of the proposed active snubber is given. On the basis of it, a prototype of 100 kHz, 600W, universal ac-line proposed circuit has been built to verify the proposed scheme. The efficiency curves show that the circuit improves efficiency significantly in the wide input voltage range and full power output.
Colistin Resistance in a Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Appearing after Colistin Treatment: Effect on Virulence and Bacterial Fitness (2013)

The fitness and virulence costs associated with the clinical acquisition of colistin resistance by Acinetobacter baumannii were evaluated. The growth of strain CR17 (colistin resistant) was less than that of strain CS01 (colistin susceptible) when the strains were grown in competition (72-h competition index, 0.008). In a murine sepsis model, CS01 and CR17 reached spleen concentrations when coinfecting of 9.31 and 6.97 log10 CFU/g, respectively, with an in vivo competition index of 0.016. Moreover, CS01 was more virulent than CR17 with respect to mortality and time to death.
J-aggregates of meso-[2.2]paracyclophanyl-BODIPY dye for NIR-II imaging (2021)

J-aggregation is an efficient strategy for the development of fluorescent imaging agents in the second near-infrared window. However, the design of the second near-infrared fluorescent J-aggregates is challenging due to the lack of suitable J-aggregation dyes. Herein, we report meso-[2.2]paracyclophanyl-3,5-bis-N,N-dimethylaminostyrl BODIPY (PCP-BDP2) as an example of BODIPY dye with J-aggregation induced the second near-infrared fluorescence. PCP-BDP2 shows an emission maximum at 1010 nm in the J-aggregation state. Mechanism studies reveal that the steric and conjugation effect of the PCP group on the BODIPY play key roles in the J-aggregation behavior and photophysical properties tuning. Notably, PCP-BDP2 J-aggregates can be utilized for lymph node imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery in the nude mouse, which demonstrates their potential clinical application. This study demonstrates BODIPY dye as an alternate J-aggregation platform for developing the second near-infrared imaging agents.
Fabrication of high adhesion cm-scale compliant electrodes for dielectric elastomer transducers using O2 plasma activation (2014)

We present a novel methodology for the production of PDMS-carbon powder electrodes with high adhesion for dielectric elastomer (DE) transducers. DE transducers have received significant interest in recent years due to their potential as stretchable-flexible actuators, sensors and energy harvesters. As the field matures, the need for mechanically resilient devices able to perform in "real-world" conditions, not just laboratory environments, increases. Our methodology produces electrodes of various thicknesses using a blade casting technique. The electrodes are subsequently laser cut to the desired shape, the electrode and dielectric membrane activated in oxygen plasma and finally placed in contact to achieve bonding. In this way we are able to produce large area (up to several cm in length) compliant electrodes with impressive adhesion qualities. Electrode adhesion is qualitatively evaluated using the "scotch-tape" method. We also produced multi-segment dielectric elastomer minimum energy structure actuators using this fabrication procedure, validating its ability to produce functional DE devices.
Amyloid precursor protein mutation E682K at the alternative β‐secretase cleavage β′‐site increases Aβ generation (2011)

BACE1 cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β-cleavage site (Met(671) -Asp(672) ) to initiate the generation of amyloid peptide Aβ. BACE1 is also known to cleave APP at a much less well-characterized β'-cleavage site (Tyr(681) -Glu(682) ). We describe here the identification of a novel APP mutation E682K located at this β'-site in an early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) case. Functional analysis revealed that this E682K mutation blocked the β'-site and shifted cleavage of APP to the β-site, causing increased Aβ production. This work demonstrates the functional importance of APP processing at the β'-site and shows how disruption of the balance between β- and β'-site cleavage may enhance the amyloidogenic processing and consequentially risk for AD. Increasing exon- and exome-based sequencing efforts will identify many more putative pathogenic mutations without conclusive segregation-based evidence in a single family. Our study shows how functional analysis of such mutations allows to determine the potential pathogenic nature of these mutations. We propose to classify the E682K mutation as probable pathogenic awaiting further independent confirmation of its association with AD in other patients.
Rational design of molecularly engineered biomimetic threshold scale inhibitors (2018)

We have engineered the molecular structure of dendrimers/dendrons to provide the first mechanistic study on the structure–property relationships of macromolecular antiscalants based on which an optimum structure has been developed to prevail the performance of the most efficient industrial scale inhibitors.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Female Genitalia in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women (2003)

To our knowledge we describe detailed female genital anatomy for the first time using MRI with MS-325 contrast medium. The clitoris, vestibular bulbs, labia majora and minora, urethra, vagina, cervix and rectum are well visualized on T1 post-contrast images. The observed genital anatomy on MRI was consistent with descriptions in current anatomical texts. Differences in the female genitalia between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were discernible on MRI. These data are important for future studies using MRI for evaluating anatomical anomalies, postoperative changes and female sexual function.
Microchip electrophoresis assay for calmodulin binding proteins (2020)

The calcium signaling protein calmodulin regulates numerous intracellular processes. We introduce a sensitive microchip assay to separate and detect calmodulin binding proteins. The assay utilizes an optimized microchip electrophoresis protein separation platform with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Fluorescence-labeled calmodulin modified with a photoreactive diazirine crosslinker allowed selective detection of calmodulin binding proteins. We demonstrate successful in<i>-vitro</i> crosslinking of calmodulin with two calmodulin binding proteins, calcineurin and nitric oxide synthase. We compare the efficacy of commonly applied electrophoretic separation modes: microchip capillary zone electrophoresis, microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography/gel electrophoresis, and nanoparticle colloidal arrays. Out of the methods tested, polydymethylsiloxane/glass chips with microchip zone electrophoresis gave the poorest separation, whereas sieving methods in which electro-osmotic flow was suppressed gave the best separation of photoproducts of calmodulin conjugated with calmodulin binding proteins.
An Overview of Novel Surfactants for Formulation of Cosmetics with Certain Emphasis on Acidic Active Substances (2016)

Abstract Novel surfactants which are nowadays available for incorporation into various formulations of personal care and cosmetic products are numerous, implying a permanent need for their classification. This overview provides essential information relating to synthesis, basic physicochemical characteristics, application and other relevant data on surfactants currently used in cosmetic products. In the second part of the paper an outline of acidic active substances with significant application in cosmetic products is given, as well as the problems that arise during preparation/manufacture of the containing formulations, accompanied with the review of scientific publications and other available reliable data dealing with the incorporation of these actives in the cosmetic formulations stabilized with novel (mainly natural) surfactants.
N‐terminal‐methionylated interleukin‐1β has reduced receptor‐binding affinity (1987)

The receptor-binding affinity of recombinant-derived interleukin-1 beta containing unprocessed N-terminal methionine (MAPV-) was 10-fold lower than protein containing the authentic N-terminal sequence (APV-). Structural analysis of the methionylated and non-methionylated proteins by NMR spectroscopy detected no (or minor) conformational differences. The differences in binding affinity, therefore, suggest that the additional N-terminal methionine causes a small, direct or indirect, perturbation of the receptor-binding region.
Power balance control and voltage conditioning for fuel cell converter with multiple sources (2003)

Due to the long time-constant of the fuel cell, the generated power and load become unbalanced under dynamic conditions, resulting in control difficulty for a front-end DC-DC converter. To maximize the fuel cell output power, a current control is employed; however, the DC bus voltage becomes unregulated. Thus, a voltage conditioner utilizing a battery source is proposed to balance the power and stabilize the DC bus voltage. Control design for the front-end DC-DC converter and voltage conditioner are presented. Based on the design, simulation is performed and the results are shown to verify the control strategy.
Circular Polymerase Extension Cloning of Complex Gene Libraries and Pathways (2009)

High-throughput genomics and the emerging field of synthetic biology demand ever more convenient, economical, and efficient technologies to assemble and clone genes, gene libraries and synthetic pathways. Here, we describe the development of a novel and extremely simple cloning method, circular polymerase extension cloning (CPEC). This method uses a single polymerase to assemble and clone multiple inserts with any vector in a one-step reaction in vitro. No restriction digestion, ligation, or single-stranded homologous recombination is required. In this study, we elucidate the CPEC reaction mechanism and demonstrate its usage in demanding synthetic biology applications such as one-step assembly and cloning of complex combinatorial libraries and multi-component pathways.