gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems: A Stochastic Geometry Approach (2020)

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) has emerged as an alternative deployment for conventional cellular massive MIMO networks. As revealed by its name, this topology considers no cells, while a large number of multi-antenna access points (APs) serves simultaneously a smaller number of users over the same time/frequency resources through time-division duplex (TDD) operation. Prior works relied on the strong assumption (quite idealized) that the APs are uniformly distributed, and actually, this randomness was considered during the simulation and not in the analysis. However, in practice, ongoing and future networks become denser and increasingly irregular. Having this in mind, we consider that the AP locations are modeled by means of a Poisson point process (PPP) which is a more realistic model for the spatial randomness than a grid or uniform deployment. In particular, by virtue of stochastic geometry tools, we derive both the downlink coverage probability and achievable rate. Notably, this is the only work providing the coverage probability and shedding light on this aspect of CF massive MIMO systems. Focusing on the extraction of interesting insights, we consider small-cells (SCs) as a benchmark for comparison. Among the findings, CF massive MIMO systems achieve both higher coverage and rate with comparison to SCs due to the properties of favorable propagation, channel hardening, and interference suppression. Especially, we showed for both architectures that increasing the AP density results in a higher coverage which saturates after a certain value and increasing the number of users decreases the achievable rate but CF massive MIMO systems take advantage of the aforementioned properties, and thus, outperform SCs. In general, the performance gap between CF massive MIMO systems and SCs is enhanced by increasing the AP density. Another interesting observation concerns that a higher path-loss exponent decreases the rate while the users closer to the APs affect more the performance in terms of the rate.
Classification framework for business components (2005)

Components and component orientation is often depicted as the next step after object orientation. A huge number of proposals and implementations of component models, frameworks, and standards are available nowadays, leading to many different definitions of the term software component. Additionally often the terms component, object, object framework, are not clearly distinguished. Moreover, if a component is defined, the definitions often vary. To achieve a clear understanding what the core features of a software component are, we provide a classification framework to classify each of the proposed models, frameworks, or standards. The goal of this classification is to obtain a consolidated and clear definition of what a component constitutes. As our focus lies in the application of components in the business application domain, we also clearly indicate the differences and additional characteristics of business components to generic software components. In addition, we extend the classification framework. This extended classification framework serves as a basis for the characterization of existing component oriented approaches in the business domain, like Enterprise JavaBeans, SanFrancisco, or SAP Business Objects. Component orientation is actually enlisted to solve the core problems of software development, like reuse, better integration of legacy systems, or software complexity. Thus, often leading to improper use of the term component oriented. The extended classification framework allows identification of any lack of properties of a given approach that claims to be component oriented.
Improved Frontoparietal White Matter Integrity in Overweight Children Is Associated with Attendance at an After-School Exercise Program (2014)

Aerobic fitness is associated with white matter integrity (WMI) in adults as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This study examined the effect of an 8-month exercise intervention on WMI in children. Participants were 18 sedentary, overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) 8- to 11-year-old children (94% Black), randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise (n = 10) or sedentary attention control group (n = 8). Each group was offered an instructor-led after-school program every school day for approximately 8 months. Before and after the program, all subjects participated in DTI scans. Tractography was conducted to isolate the superior longitudinal fasciculus and investigate whether the exercise intervention affected WMI in this region. There was no group by time interaction for WMI in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. There was a group by time by attendance interaction, however, such that higher attendance at the exercise intervention, but not the control intervention, was associated with increased WMI. Heart rate and the total dose of exercise correlated with WMI changes in the exercise group. In the overall sample, increased WMI was associated with improved scores on a measure of attention and improved teacher ratings of executive function. This study indicates that participating in an exercise intervention improves WMI in children as compared to a sedentary after-school program.
Lattice-matched HfN buffer layers for epitaxy of GaN on Si (2002)

Gallium nitride is grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on (111) and (001) silicon substrates using sputter-deposited hafnium nitride buffer layers. Wurtzite GaN epitaxial layers are obtained on both the (111) and (001) HfN/Si surfaces, with crack-free thickness up to 1.2 μm. Initial results for GaN grown on the (111) surface show a photoluminescence peak width of 17 meV at 11 K, and an asymmetric x-ray rocking curve width of 20 arcmin. Wurtzite GaN on HfN/Si(001) shows reduced structural quality and peculiar low-temperature luminescence features. However, growth on the (001) surface results in nearly stress-free films, suggesting that much thicker crack-free layers could be obtained.
Flow Patterns in Rheologically Evolving Model Fluids Produced by Hybrid Dual Mixing Systems (2001)

The flow patterns produced by two dual mixing systems composed of independently driven impellers were studied. The dual impellers included a turbine rotating at high speed (Rushton or Smith) and a slowly rotating helical ribbon agitator (HR). Visualizations and power input were used to evaluate mixing performance. The influence of the rotational speed ratio on the flow patterns was evaluated. For high shear-thinning fluids, NT/NHR modifies the flow patterns considerably. Three typical behaviors were found with shear thinning fluids: segregation of two principal flow patterns (NT/NHR < 10), turbine dominance (NT/NHR > 10), and a well-distributed flow pattern throughout the tank (NT/NHR = 10). For low-viscosity fluids, the motionless HR reduced the vortex length and the T-HR systems eliminated vortex when the impellers rotated in opposite directions at NT/NHR = 10. Finally, a relationship between the dimensionless vortex length and the Froude number is proposed for individual turbines as well as for the turbine-motionless HR systems.
Achieving high-fidelity single-qubit gates in a strongly driven silicon-quantum-dot hybrid qubit (2017)

Performing qubit gate operations as quickly as possible can be important to minimize the effects of decoherence. For resonant gates, this requires applying a strong ac drive. However, strong driving can present control challenges by causing leakage to levels that lie outside the qubit subspace. Strong driving can also present theoretical challenges because preferred tools such as the rotating wave approximation can break down, resulting in complex dynamics that are difficult to control. Here we analyze resonant $X$ rotations of a silicon-quantum-double-dot hybrid qubit within a dressed-state formalism, obtaining results beyond the rotating wave approximation. We obtain analytic formulas for the optimum driving frequency and the Rabi frequency, which are both affected by strong driving. While the qubit states exhibit fast oscillations due to counter-rotating terms and leakage, we show that they can be suppressed to the point that gate fidelities above $99.99%$ are possible, in the absence of decoherence. Hence decoherence mechanisms, rather than strong-driving effects, should represent the limiting factor for resonant-gate fidelities in quantum dot hybrid qubits.
Oxidative Stress in Poultry: Lessons from the Viral Infections (2018)

Reactive species (RS), generally known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are produced during regular metabolism in the host and are required for many cellular processes such as cytokine transcription, immunomodulation, ion transport, and apoptosis. Intriguingly, both RNS and ROS are commonly triggered by the pathogenic viruses and are famous for their dual roles in the clearance of viruses and pathological implications. Uncontrolled production of reactive species results in oxidative stress and causes damage in proteins, lipids, DNA, and cellular structures. In this review, we describe the production of RS, their detoxification by a cellular antioxidant system, and how these RS damage the proteins, lipids, and DNA. Given the widespread importance of RS in avian viral diseases, oxidative stress pathways are of utmost importance for targeted therapeutics. Therefore, a special focus is provided on avian virus-mediated oxidative stresses. Finally, future research perspectives are discussed on the exploitation of these pathways to treat viral diseases of poultry.
An Experimental Study of Normal-Hexadecane and Iso-Dodecane Binary Fuel Blends in a Military Diesel Engine (2012)

The molecular composition of new hydrotreated renewable fuels consists of both straight chain and branched alkanes. These new fuels do not contain aromatic or cyclo-paraffinic hydro-carbon compounds which are regularly seen in conventional petroleum fuels. Both experimental and modeling work has shown that straight chain alkanes have shorter ignition delays (e.g. higher cetane number) as compared to branched alkanes. In order to better understand the effects of branched and straight chain alkanes fuels in diesel engines, an experimental study was pursued using binary blends of iso-dodecane (iC12H26 with abbreviation: iC12) and normal-hexadecane (nC16H34 with abbreviation nC16) in a military diesel engine (AM General HMMWV ‘Humvee’ engine). Mixtures of 50% iC12 with 50% nC16 as well as 25% iC12 with 75% nC16 were compared to 100% nC16 (cetane) fueled engine operation across the entire speed-load range. Higher nC16 fuel content operation resulted in modestly earlier fuel injection events and combustion phasing that delievered slightly worse engine brake performance (torque and fuel consumption). Interestingly, ignition delay and overall burn durations were relatively insensitive to the binary blends tested. The significantly different physical properties of iC12 relative to nC16 are believed to affect the fuel injection event leading to later fuel injection with increasing iC12 content. Later injection into a hotter chamber mitigates the lower cetane number of the higher iC12 content fuel blends.
Electrochemical, electrical and magnetic properties and valence state distributions in the high voltage spinel cathode solid solutions Li1 − XCo1/2 + 3X/2Mn3/2 − X/2O4: −0.33 ≤ X ≤ 1 (2001)

An extensive series of spinel solid solutions covering most of the range between Li4Mn5O12 and Co2MnO4 including Li2CoMn3O8, (or LiCo1/2Mn3/2O4) and with the general formula, Li1 − XCo1/2 + 3X/2Mn3/2 − X/2O4: −0.17 ≤ X ≤ 0.84, forms in air at 800 °C with a final heating at 600 °C. From the combined data of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), the solid solutions have the structural formulae [Li+]8a[Li+− XCo3+1/2 + 3X/2Mn3+1/2 + 3X/2Mn4+1 − 2X]16dO4 for X ≤ 0 and [Li+1 − XCo2+X]8a[Co3+1/2 + X/2Mn3+1/2 + X/2Mn4+1 − X]16dO4 for X ≥ 0, in space group Fdm; 1∶3 ordering of cations on octahedral 16d sites may occur for compositions around X = 0, but was not detected by XRD. Observed effective magnetic moment values from magnetic susceptibility data are consistent with these formulae. Weiss temperatures become increasingly negative with increasing X, with evidence for spontaneous magnetisation below ca. 150 K, suggesting the presence of ferromagnetic interaction between Co2+ and Mn3+ or Mn4+ for samples with X > 0. Impedance data on pellets with blocking electrodes demonstrate a modest level of semiconductivity which may involve mainly Mn3+/Mn4+ situated in adjacent octahedral 16d sites. Potential profiles for electrochemical cells, Li/Li1 − XCo1/2 + 3X/2Mn3/2 − X/2O4: −0.17 ≤ X ≤ 0.18, reveal a charge/discharge plateau centred on ca. 4.0 V, and a second plateau centred on ca. 5.1 V which shows a maximum discharge capacity of ca. 62 mA h g−1 at X = 0, i.e., Li2CoMn3O8. For X ≫ 0, the solid solutions lose their electrochemical activity as a cathode possibly because the Co that resides in tetrahedral 8a sites blocks Li+ conduction through the pathway: tetrahedral 8a site–empty octahedral 16c site. For X < 0, the first charging cycle is not reproduced on subsequent discharge/charge cycles; reasons for this are not understood. In order to explain the large capacities of charge/discharge for X < 0, some additional redox process, possibly O2−/O−, appears to be necessary.
Ultrastructural Features of Human Liver Specimens from Patients Who Died of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (2019)

Recent advances in electron microscopy and tomography have revealed distinct virus-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structures unique for dengue virus (DV) and other flaviviruses in cell culture models, including hepatocytes. These altered ultrastructures serve as sites for viral replication. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy to investigate whether such structures were present in the liver of fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) autopsy cases. In parallel, electron microscopic examination of suckling mouse brains experimentally infected with DV was performed as an in vivo model of acute DV infection. Typical features of ER changes containing abundance of replicative virions were observed in neurons and microglia of DV-infected suckling mouse brains (SMB). This indicated that the in vivo DV infection could induce similar viral replication structures as previously described in the in vitro DV-infected cell model. Nevertheless, liver tissues from autopsy of patients who died of DHF showed scant changes of ER membrane structures and rare particles of virions in hepatocytes, despite overwhelming evidence for the presence of viral antigens and RNA-indicating active virus replication. Instead hepatocytes contained an abundance of steatotic vesicles and structural damages. This lack of structural changes indicative of virus replication in human hepatocytes is discussed.
Bewährte und innovative operative Techniken zur Reanimation des gelähmten Gesichtes (2010)

This overview on the currently most effective reconstructive techniques for reanimation of the unilaterally or bilaterally paralysed face includes all important techniques of neuromuscular reconstruction as well as of supplementary static procedures, which contribute significantly to the efficiency and quality of the functional overall result. Attention is paid to the best indications at the best time since onset of the facial palsy, depending on the age of the patient, the cause of the lesion, and the compliance of the patient for a long-lasting and complex rehabilitation programme. Immediate neuromuscular reconstruction of mimic function is favourable by nerve suture or nerve grafting of the facial nerve, or by using the contralateral healthy facial nerve via cross-face nerve grafting as long as the time since onset of the irreversible palsy is short enough that the paralysed mimic muscles can still be reinnervated. For the most frequent indication, the unilateral irreversible and complete palsy, a three-stage concept is described including cross-face nerve grafting, free functional gracilis muscle transplantation, and several supplementary procedures. In patients with limited life expectancy, transposition of the masseteric muscles is favoured. Bilateral facial palsy is treated by bilateral free gracilis muscle transplantation with the masseteric nerve branches for motor reinnervation. Functional upgrading in incomplete lesions is achieved by cross-face nerve grafting with distal end-to-side neurorrhaphy or by functional muscle transplantation with ipsilateral facial nerve supply.
Illustrative EDOF topics in Fourier optics (2011)

In this talk we present a series of illustrative topics in Fourier Optics that are proving valuable in the design of EDOF camera systems. They are at the level of final examination problems that have been made solvable by a student or professoi having studied from one of Joseph W. Goodman's books---our tribute for his 75fr year. As time permits, four illustrative topics are l) Electromagnetic waves and Fourier optics;2) The perfect lens; 3) Connection between phase delay and radially varying focal length in an asphere and 4) tailored EDOF designs.
Cytoplasmic membrane protonmotive force energizes periplasmic interactions between ExbD and TonB (2009)

The TonB system of Escherichia coli (TonB/ExbB/ExbD) transduces the protonmotive force (pmf) of the cytoplasmic membrane to drive active transport by high-affinity outer membrane transporters. In this study, chromosomally encoded ExbD formed formaldehyde-linked complexes with TonB, ExbB and itself (homodimers) in vivo. Pmf was required for detectable cross-linking between TonB-ExbD periplasmic domains. Consistent with that observation, the presence of inactivating transmembrane domain mutations ExbD(D25N) or TonB(H20A) also prevented efficient formaldehyde cross-linking between ExbD and TonB. A specific site of periplasmic interaction occurred between ExbD(A92C) and TonB(A150C) and required functional transmembrane domains in both proteins. Conversely, neither TonB, ExbB nor pmf were required for ExbD dimer formation. These data suggest two possible models where either dynamic complex formation occurred through transmembrane domains or the transmembrane domains of ExbD and TonB configure their respective periplasmic domains. Analysis of T7-tagged ExbD with anti-ExbD antibodies revealed that a T7 tag was responsible both for our previous failure to detect T7-ExbD-ExbB and T7-ExbD-TonB formaldehyde-linked complexes and for the concomitant artefactual appearance of T7-ExbD trimers.
Battery assignment and scheduling for drone delivery businesses (2017)

Recent advances in battery and drone technologies have opened up possibilities of commercial use of drones. Private companies are looking into the possibilities of using drones for commercial deliveries from the legal, technical, and economical perspective. Nevertheless, the battery management perspective of such businesses has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we identify that battery management of such application has a major impact of the costs, and formulate an optimization problem to reduce the aging of batteries. We identify two sub-problems, battery assignment, and battery scheduling to derive a solution that minimizes the aging of the batteries. We show that the formulation enables leveraging the trade-off relationships between the packet waiting time and battery purchasing cost. The experimental results show the proposed method reduce the electricity and battery purchasing cost by 25%, and average packet waiting time by more than 50%.
Flexible and High-Performance Electromagnetic Shielding Materials from Waste Polyurethane Foams (2022)

In the modern society, polymer composites utilizing various wastes for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are of great economic and social significance. Herein, we report that waste polyurethane foams (WPUF) can be facilely converted into high-performance EMI shielding materials via surface coating of carbon nanotubes followed by hot pressing. The merit of this work lies in the novel skin-core segregated structure from the complete three-dimensional skeleton of WPUF, which is well retained after compression molding. The uniform distribution of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the polyurethane skeleton surface assisted by cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) provides the material with remarkable electrical conductivity, leading to excellent EMI shielding properties. The resultant composite (WPUF-MC) achieves a high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 63.2 dB at a low loading of MWCNTs (6.6 wt %), far surpassing the values for many early reported shielding materials of this kind. Moreover, the WPUF-MC also exhibits sufficient flexibility and reliable EMI shielding performance. Even if bent or twisted 1000 times, it can still maintain EMI SE at a fairly high level. This work not only offers an effective strategy for high-value utilization of WPUF but also may expand the application potential of flexible shielding materials.
P‐158: Fast Switching of Narrow‐gap TN‐LCDs Embedded with New Nanoparticles and Their Application to FSC‐LCDs (2011)

Abstract We report the reduction of both response times and threshold voltage by 20–50% and 30% respectively in NTN‐LCD modules that brings τ ON = 3.2ms at V 10% and 0.5ms at V 0% and τ OFF = 3.4ms at 25°C and τ ON = 6.2ms and 0.9ms at 0°C. These short figures of response times well satisfy the requirement for FSC‐LCD operated at 216Hz with our LCD modules and our FSC‐LCDs are featured by 2–3 times higher luminance efficiency than those with color filters yielding 2nits/W/m 2 .
Lower-hybrid-drift instability in field reversed plasmas (1980)

The nonlocal structure of the lower-hybrid-drift instability is investigated in a reversed field configuration. The calculation includes electromagnetic effects and ∇B electron orbit modifications, which must be considered in the high β region of the current sheet. The eigenmodes are trapped in a potential well centered symmetrically on either side of the neutral layer at ‖x‖∼λ (λ is the scale length of the current sheet). The fundamental mode is well localized away from the neutral line with a half-width Δx∼ (λ/ky)1/2&amp;lt;&amp;lt;λ, where ky∼Ωe(Ti/me)1/2 for the fastest growing mode. Higher order modes, however, have growth rates comparable to the fundamental mode and are much more global. In the cold electron limit (Te=0), the higher order modes with ∂/∂x∼ky can propagate throughout the entire sheet. In the warm electron limit (Te≠0), the electron ∇B drift-wave resonance damps the mode and prevents the penetration of the mode closer than ‖x‖p∼λ (Te/2Ti) 1/2 of the neutral line. The effects of this instability on magnetic energy dissipation and its role in the Los Alamos field reversed theta pinch are discussed.
Continuous-time ΔΣ modulators using distributed resonators. (2005)

We derive a method for using distributed resonators in modulators and demonstrate these modulators have several advantages over existing modulator architectures. Like continuous-time (CT) modulators, the proposed modulators do not require a high-precision track-and-hold, and additionally can take advantage of the high- of distributed resonators. Like discrete-time modulators, the proposed modulators are relatively insensitive to feedback loop delays and can subsample. We present simulations of several types of these modulators and examine the challenges in their design.