gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Wild-type and Mutant “Classical” Nitroreductases of Salmonella typhimurium (1998)

"Classical" nitroreductase of Salmonella typhimurium is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of nitroaromatics to metabolites that are toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. This enzyme represents a new class of flavin-dependent enzymes, which includes nitroreductases of Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli, flavin oxidoreductase of Vibrio fischeri, and NADH oxidase of Thermus thermophilus. To investigate the structure-function relation of this class of enzymes, the gene encoding a mutant nitroreductase was cloned from S. typhimurium strain TA1538NR, and the enzymatic properties were compared with those of the wild-type. DNA sequence analysis revealed a T to G mutation in the mutant nitroreductase gene, predicting a replacement of leucine 33 with arginine. In contrast to the wild-type enzyme, the purified protein with a mutation of leucine 33 to arginine has no detectable nitroreductase activities in the standard assay conditions and easily lost FMN by dialysis or ultrafiltration. In the presence of an excess amount of FMN, however, the mutant protein exhibited a weak but measurable enzyme activity, and the substrate specificity was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. Possible mechanisms by which the mutation greatly diminishes binding of FMN to the nitroreductase are discussed.
Successive Multi-user Detector with Ordering for Signals having Different Symbol Rates (2006)

This paper proposes a successive multi-user detector that detects signals with different symbol rates. The proposed multi-user detector successively detects signals based on rejection of out-of-band signals and replica generation using soft-decision outputs from channel decoders. Moreover, an ordering method, which decides the detection order of the proposed multi-user detector based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in consideration of the signal bandwidths of each signal, is proposed in order to enhance the multi-user detection performance. Simulation results show that employing the proposed ordering method can greatly improve the multi-user detection performance when the training periods of each signal are overlapped, as in the case when the frames of each signal are synchronized. The results also show that the BER performance of the proposed detector can be further improved by using the ordering method for the case when the training periods of each signal are not overlapped, as in the case when the frames of each signal are not synchronized
Diretrizes para o tratamento cirúrgico das doenças da aorta da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular Guidelines for surgery of aortic diseases from Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (2007)

Descriptors: Dissecting aneurysm, surgery. Aorta, surgery. Thoracic aorta, surgery. Aortic aneurysm, surgery. Aortic rupture, surgery. Practice guideline [publication type]. Descritores: Aneurisma dissecante, cirurgia. Aorta, cirurgia. Aorta toracica, cirurgia. Aneurisma aortico, cirurgia. Ruptura aortica, cirurgia. Guia de pratica medica [tipo de publicacao].
Isomerization of meso Diamines into their C2 Symmetrical d,l Isomers (1998)

An efficient isomerization method is disclosed which allows the obtention of the useful d,l isomers of C 2 symmetrical diamines, starting from their meso isomer.
Abstract 4752: EBV associated tumors have increased regulatory T cell recruitment and are therefore a potential indication for treatment with potent and selective small molecule CCR4 antagonists (2018)

Abstract We have performed experiments to test whether Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-infected tumors are enhanced for regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration and whether selective and potent CCR4 antagonists would be a particularly effective therapeutic in this class of indications. Treg cells, which contribute to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), are attracted to tumors via the recognition of CCL17 and CCL22 ligands by the CCR4 receptor. These chemokines have been shown to be expressed in cells infected by the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) via the viral LMP1 gene. Tumor types which are frequently associated with EBV-infection include gastric adenocarcinoma (~10% positive), classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma (~50%), and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (~100%). Analyzing RNA expression in EBV-associated tumors, we found strong expression of CCL17, CCL22, and FOXP3, a marker of Treg, when compared to EBV-negative tumors. In fact, NPC tumors show extremely high FOXP3 levels. To further test this link, we obtained EBV-associated tumor samples and performed RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) to measure co-expression of these genes. Strong co-localization, was indeed found, further supporting a link between EBV and Treg recruitment. To directly test whether EBV-positive tumors recruit Treg into tumors via CCL22/17 upregulation, we developed models in which mice were inoculated subcutaneously with EBV-positive cancer cell lines. These EBV-positive cancer cells were assessed for chemokine production in vitro and in vivo by ELISA. We assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in established tumors, including Treg, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as T cell activation markers. Treating these tumor-bearing mice with selective and potent CCR4 small-molecule antagonists alone or in combination with checkpoint-targeting antibodies allowed us to demonstrate meaningful antitumor responses in EBV-positive tumors. Together, these data suggest that EBV-positive tumors, such as gastric adenocarcinomas, Hodgkin's lymphomas, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, are a class of indications of particular interest and potentially increased responsiveness to small-molecule CCR4 antagonists. These results are helping to inform the ongoing FLX475 trials currently in the clinic. Citation Format: Oezcan Talay, Aparna Jorapur, Scott Jacobson, Sachie Marubayashi, Lisa Marshall, Silpa Suthram, Omar Robles, John Ketcham, Maureen K. Reilly, Ashkaan Younai, Berenger Biannic, Dennis Hu, Minna Bui, Jacob Schwarz, Paul Kassner, Gene Cutler. EBV associated tumors have increased regulatory T cell recruitment and are therefore a potential indication for treatment with potent and selective small molecule CCR4 antagonists [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4752.
Studies on biodegradation of LDPE film in the presence of potential bacterial consortia enriched soil (2011)

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is an important commodity plastic and has a wide applicability in the modern era. In virtue of their wide applicability, the generation of the huge plastic waste became a conundrum for environment and public health. Consequently, the present study was conducted for the microbial degradation of LDPE film in natural conditions using mixture of potential polymer degrading consortia. For this purpose, the talc based formulation of bacterial consortia was inoculated into soil with LDPE film for the period of three months. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) in combination with SEM revealed that the consortia incurred significant surfacial degradation of LDPE film, introduction of hydroxyl (–OH) functionality and significant shifts in fingerprint region, respectively. The potential of the consortia towards degradation of LDPE has further been ascertained through change in bulk structural characteristics using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the comparative in situ biodegradation study of LDPE film in laboratory and natural conditions indicates that environmental factors like sun-light, temperature and rainfall may enhance the rate of biodegradation of the polymer in nature.
ABOUT AXIAL CLAMPING FORCE MONITORING AT POWER TRANSFORMER WINDINGS DURING THEIR ACTIVE LIFETIME (2008)

Abstract − The variation of the axial clamping forces of the windings cannot be monitored over the active lifetime of the transformers. The insurance of a preset level of the forces has a determinant role in maintaining the safety in operation at short-circuit stresses. The paper describes the generation modes of the axial forces in transformers as well as the evaluation of the mechanical condition of the power transformers. Axial force calculation and the theoretical aspects referring to the mechanical structure for the fastening of the core-winding assembly shows the importance of these constructive part design in maintaining the mechanical stability under the action of the short-circuit forces. There are presented critical situations related to the behaviour of the multi-layer windings from the
Artificial Gene Regulatory Networks—A Review (2019)

In nature, gene regulatory networks are a key mediator between the information stored in the DNA of living organisms (their genotype) and the structural and behavioral expression this finds in their bodies, surviving in the world (their phenotype). They integrate environmental signals, steer development, buffer stochasticity, and allow evolution to proceed. In engineering, modeling and implementations of artificial gene regulatory networks have been an expanding field of research and development over the past few decades. This review discusses the concept of gene regulation, describes the current state of the art in gene regulatory networks, including modeling and simulation, and reviews their use in artificial evolutionary settings. We provide evidence for the benefits of this concept in natural and the engineering domains.
Effect of Tetraethyllead on Octane Number (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Tetraethyllead on Octane NumberL. E. Hebl, T. B. Rendel, and F. L. GartonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 2, 187–191Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50278a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50278a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Scattering by a thick impedance half plane (1986)

In this paper we consider the scattering by a thick impedance half plane in the situation of a normally incident plane wave. The solution is based on the angular spectrum method in connection with the generalized scattering matrix formulation (GSMF) and as such it closely follows a parallel formulation applied recently in the diffraction analysis of the perfectly conducting thick half plane. Essentially, the angular spectrum method is first used to obtain the diffraction, coupling, reflection and radiation (or launching) coefficients relating to a pair of thin parallel impedance half planes which are then employed in the GSMF. The coefficients follow after an approximate solution of the resulting coupled dual integral equations which are derived in terms of the electric and magnetic current spectra. Several backscatter patterns are presented and compared with corresponding patterns based on the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) and a numerical model. It is found that a combination of the simple GTD solution and the present results give an acceptable solution for the diffraction by impedance half planes of almost any thickness.
Smart Switch Metamaterials for Multiband Radio Frequency Antennas (2011)

We investigate metal–matrix composite metamaterials with embedded electrical switches made of shape memory nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) for use in broadband radio frequency (RF) antennas. Experiments show that a Ni–Ti ribbon can form an electrical contact that opens and closes depending on the Ni–Ti phase being austenite or martensite. Finite element modeling of thermal gradients illustrates the phase change within the ribbon. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM), a solid-state additive manufacturing process, was utilized for embedding a Ni–Ti switch in an aluminum matrix. The aluminum matrix must have structural-grade strength for use in load-carrying antennas; thus, mechanical testing was conducted to quantify the longitudinal tensile, transverse tensile, and shear strength of the UAM matrix. Reconfiguration using a Ni–Ti switch was proven using a shape memory switch on a monopole RF antenna producing an operating frequency shift from 270 to 185 MHz when the switch is connected. A planar microstrip line was used to demonstrate signal transmission and reflection efficiency in a smaller, second switch. Transmission tests yielded less than −10 dB signal reflection proving the feasibility of reconfigurable planar antenna arrays using smart switches.
Therapeutic Efficiency of Leucas aspera (Lamiaceae) on Lead Acetate Induced Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rat (2011)

Leucas aspera (Lamiaceae) is a herbaceous medicinal plant used to treat inflammation, skin infections etc in India and other Asian countries. Lead acetate, a common contaminate in water causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the nephroprotective and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of L. aspera in three dose levels of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg respectively on lead acetate induced toxicity in rats and comparing it with the marketed formulation of Silymarin. Biochemical studies show that there is an reduction in the levels of super oxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase and total proteins in Lead acetate induced groups. These values are retrieved significantly by treatment with L. aspera extracts at three different doses. Apart from these, histopathological changes also reveal the protective nature of the L. aspera extract against lead acetate induced necrotic damage of renal tissues. In conclusion, these data suggest that the methanolic extract of L.aspera can prevent renal damage from lead acetate induced nephrotoxicity in rats and it is likely to be mediated through its antioxidant activities.
Vaccination Alters the Balance between Protective Immunity, Exhaustion, Escape, and Death in Chronic Infections (2011)

While T cell-based vaccines have the potential to provide protection against chronic virus infections, they also have the potential to generate immunopathology following subsequent virus infection. We develop a mathematical model to investigate the conditions under which T cells lead to protection versus adverse pathology. The model illustrates how the balance between virus clearance and immune exhaustion may be disrupted when vaccination generates intermediate numbers of specific CD8 T cells. Surprisingly, our model suggests that this adverse effect of vaccination is largely unaffected by the generation of mutant viruses that evade T cell recognition and cannot be avoided by simply increasing the quality (affinity) or diversity of the T cell response. These findings should be taken into account when developing vaccines against persistent infections.
Synthesis of a potent agonist of substance P by modifying the methionyl and glutaminyl residues of theC‐terminal hexapeptide of substance P (1991)

Analogues of [Orn6]-SP6-11 have been synthesized in which the Met11 residue is replaced by glutamate gamma-alkylesters. These analogues were tested in three in vitro preparations representative of NK-1, NK-2, and NK-3 receptor types. Substitution of the SCH3 group of the Met11 side chain by a COOR (R = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, cyclohexyl) group results in analogues which are full agonists in NK-1 and NK-2 preparations but show little agonist activity in the NK-3 preparation. When the SCH3 group is replaced by a t-butyl ester group and the resulting analogue is a full agonist in all the above preparations and more active than the parent hexapeptide and SP-OCH3 at NK-1 receptors. It is concluded that for activity at NK-1 receptors methionine can be replaced by gamma-t-butyl glutamate without loss of activity, whilst at NK-2 and NK-3 receptors the above substitution increases the activity of [Orn6]-SP6-11. Other gamma-alkyl esters of the glutamic acid reduce its biological activity.
Goldstone R/D High Speed Data Acquisition System (1984)

A digital data acquisition system that meets the requirements of several users (initially the planetary radar program) is planned for general use at Deep Space Station 14 (DSS 14). The system, now partially complete, is controlled by VAX 11/780 computer that is programmed in high level languages. A DEC Data Controller is included for moderate-speed data acquisition, low speed data display, and for a digital interface to special user-provided devices. The high-speed data acquisition is performed in devices that are being designed and built at JPL. Analog IF signals are converted to a digitized 50 MHz real signal. This signal is filtered and mixed digitally to baseband after which its phase code (a PN sequence in the case of planetary radar) is removed. It may then be accumulated (or averaged) and fed into the VAX through an FPS 5210 array processor. Further data processing before entering the VAX is thus possible (computation and accumulation of the power spectra, for example). The system is to be located in the research and development pedestal at DSS 14 for easy access by researchers in radio astronomy as well as telemetry processing and antenna arraying.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON A FIXED PERFORATED BREAKWATER (1968)

Model tests on a perforated breakwater system were carried out to evaluate effectiveness in different states of sea. Force measurements were made in three long-crested irregular wave systems and, by spectral analysis, the full-scale statistical characteristics of force were obtained. The effect of perforating the back wall was studied to determine the extent of further reduction of force on the structure. An interior perforated wall was also added for force reduction but was not as effective as the perforated back wall. The system was mounted on piles and imbedded in sand for a quasi-quantitative study of scouring in regular waves. In this case, the elevation of the breakwater walls above the sandy bottom was varied. Both the perforations and the elevation contributed to significant reduction in observed scour. The end result of these experiments is to provide information on the kind of improved performance that might be expected as each variation is introduced which, in turn provides input to design for particular applications.
A Solvent-free Synthesis of Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxides (2007)

Abstract We have demonstrated for the first time a solvent-free synthesis of Zn–Al layered double hydroxides, Zn–Al LDH(Cl), by grinding solid ZnO and AlCl3·6H2O and then by autoclaving at 150 °C for 1 day without the addition of water and alkaline solution.
Simultaneous Quantitation of Opioids in Blood by GC-EI-MS Analysis Following Deproteination, Detautomerization of Keto Analytes, Solid-Phase Extraction, and Trimethylsilyl Derivatization (2002)

Seven opioid analytes including codeine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, and oxymorphone were detected in postmortem blood (n > 1000). Two milliliters of specimen was deproteinated with approximately 2.5 mL of methanol and derivatized with hydroxylamine before solid-phase extraction and derivatization with BSTFA + 1% TMCS. Extracts were assayed by gas chromatography-electron impact-mass spectrometry utilizing selected ion mode. One-microliter aliquots were injected onto an HP-1MS capillary column (30 m x 0.25-mm i.d., 0.25 microm) with a helium linear velocity of 62 cm/s. Temperature programming began at 160 degrees C (hold 0 min), then increased at rates of 35 degrees C/min to 195 degrees C, 5 degrees C/min to 240 degrees C, and 30 degrees C/min to 300 degrees C (hold 2 min) resulting in a total run time of 14-min. Quantitative determinations were based on the ratios of the analyte peak areas to the corresponding deuterated analogues. Calibration curves were linear for the following concentrations: 10-500 ng/mL (6-AM), 100-2000 ng/mL (oxycodone), and 50-1000 ng/mL (all other opioids). LOQs ranged from 5 ng/mL (6-AM) to 20 ng/mL (oxycodone). Between-run precision yielded CVs ranging from 2.79% to 5.34% (n = 12). These data suggest that methanolic deproteination and dual derivatization improve separation and simultaneous quantitation of seven opioid analytes in difficult matrices.
Band-aids to patch up health care. (1992)

The President and his Democratic rivals unfurl plans for curing the crisis. But all of them have drawbacks, and none is likely to be adopted in the fury of an election year.
Superspherical cumulation. Converging shock waves with amplitudes increasing faster than in spherical cumulation (1999)

Experimental, numerical, and theoretical investigations are made of a gas flow generated by a pulsed high-current discharge in an axisymmetric cavity bounded by a spherical lens adjacent to a flat plate. It is shown that the shock wave forming in the discharge and converging toward the axis is accelerated and amplified as it converges. The amplitude of the shock wave increases faster than does that of a spherical converging shock wave.
Avoiding the blues for airline travelers (1998)

The fast growth in airline passenger traffic combined with the slow growth in airport capacity worldwide is putting a severe strain on the capability of airlines to adapt their processes to maintain satisfactory levels of customer service. The urgent need to better utilize assets, handle more flights in shorter periods of time, increase the number of waves at hubs, coordinate schedules with alliance partners, and quickly respond to irregularities, such as weather and malfunctioning equipment delays, is confronting airlines worldwide. IBM Research and IBM's Travel and Transportation Industry Solution Unit are helping airlines and airports to use advanced information technology to get passengers through check-in, security, and boarding faster, and to improve baggage handling systems, thus improving the passenger experience. Simulation models, built using IBM's Journey Management Library/sup TM/ (IBM JML/sup TM/) are useful in helping airlines understand what impact new technologies, such as self-service kiosks, voice recognition check-in, smart cards, electronic ticketing, and radio frequency devices, will have on bottlenecks, personnel needs and customer service levels.