gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Conductivity Switch Observed in Treated Hafnium Diselenide Transistors (2020)

Abstract Layered hafnium diselenide (HfSe 2 ) is an emerging Van der Waals semiconductor in which a hafnium layer is sandwiched between two selenium layers. Owning to its indirect band gap with magnitudes close to silicon's band gap and high predicted carrier mobility, hafnium diselenide material is a strong candidate for device applications. Here, the effect of laser treatment on 2H‐ HfSe 2 devices is shown in ambient conditions using µ‐Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that an emerging Raman peak evolves with increasing laser exposure time. It is also shown that top‐down fabricated 2H‐HfSe 2 devices exhibit an anomalous p‐type behavior post laser treatment, with I on / I off ratio as high as 10 3 . This anomalous conductivity change can be observed after thermal and electrical annealing. For bottom‐up devices, it is observed that p‐type conductivity with remarkable I on / I off ratio reaching 10 4 . This conductivity switch can also be shown on 1T‐HfSe 2 devices post laser irradiation and high V ds bias treatments. Based on the circuit model, this conductivity switch is attributed to contact doping caused by an increase in the Schottky barrier height at each contact, which shifts the Fermi energy closer to the valance band. These results demonstrate a unique conductivity switching mechanism for HfSe 2 ‐FET devices.
Abstract 2690: Massively parallel multiplexed methods to screen hundreds of barcoded cancer cell line models with small molecules or genetic perturbations using next-generation sequencing (2019)

Phenotypic screening is a valuable tool to identify compounds to treat cancer, but is limited as it is time and resource intensive to screen hundreds of cancer cell lines. In order to increase the throughput of phenotypic screening, we set out to expand and further develop the PRISM method (Profiling Relative Inhibition Simultaneously in Mixtures) [Yu et al., 2016]. PRISM is a method to barcode cell lines with a unique 24 nucleotide barcode and mix them together to screen simultaneously in a pool, decreasing the time and cost of screening. The previously described PRISM method was limited in that it used only 100 adherent cell lines of one cancer model context, it required the use of a highly specialized Luminex bead-based detection system, and it was only applicable to small molecule screening.Here we report on the expansion of our barcoded cell line collection to 800 cancer cell lines of over 45 lineages, an improved method called PRISMseq using next-generation sequencing, and a novel method to perform genetic perturbations in 500 cancer cell lines simultaneously called PRISPR (PRISM/CRISPR). PRISMseq allows for assaying compound cell line sensitivity profiles in a large pool of hundreds of cell lines and detecting the DNA barcodes using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We recapitulate the known biology for established oncology drugs like the BRAF, EGFR, BCR-ABL and MDM2 inhibitor classes using this method with our cell line panel. We also further extended this method to be applicable to genetic perturbation using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of individual genes concurrently in hundreds of cancer cell lines. We are able to recover expected biomarkers or genetic dependencies for our CRISPR/Cas9 validation reagents.This expanded PRISM profiling approach increases statistical power due to the addition of cancer contexts in our cell line collection, and improves versatility by enabling the screening of both small molecules and genetic perturbations. We believe that this method has overcome the limitations of the original PRISM method. It has also overcome the limitations of phenotypic screening, as the resources required to screen hundreds of cell lines has been decreased by orders of magnitude.Citation Format: Samantha Bender, Cong Zhu, Li Wang, Michael Rothberg, Joshua Dempster, Brenton Paolella, Mustafa Kocak, Massami Laird, Jordan Rossen, Karolina Stumbraite, Jordan Bryan, Vickie Wang, John Doench, Francisca Vazquez, Aviad Tsherniak, Todd Golub, Jennifer Roth. Massively parallel multiplexed methods to screen hundreds of barcoded cancer cell line models with small molecules or genetic perturbations using next-generation sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2690.
Shielding design for the front end of the CERN SPL (2005)

CERN is designing a 2.2-GeV Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) with a beam power of 4 MW, to be used for the production of a neutrino superbeam. The SPL front end will initially accelerate 2 x 10(14) negative hydrogen ions per second up to an energy of 120 MeV. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was employed for shielding design. The proposed shielding is a combined iron-concrete structure, which also takes into consideration the required RF wave-guide ducts and access labyrinths to the machine. Two beam-loss scenarios were investigated: (1) constant beam loss of 1 Wm(-1) over the whole accelerator length and (2) full beam loss occurring at various locations. A comparison with results based on simplified approaches is also presented.
INFLUENCE OF ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN ON THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO IMMUNE RESPONSE TO ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (1981)

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) derived from amniotic fluid and both maternal and umbilical cord sera but not from hepatoma, blocks the binding of serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and animals with experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) to AChR preparations as measured by a radioimmunoassay. AFP also inhibits the AChR and mitogen induced in vitro proliferative response of lymphocytes obtained from animals with EAMG. Laboratory animals repeatedly injected with AFP fail to develop EAMG in response to sensitization with AChR. Animals with established EAMG show clinical improvement in response to AFP treatment. AChR antibodies are suppressed in such AFP-treated animals. AFP is present in increased amounts during pregnancy and thus could contribute to remissions during the second half of pregnancy in patients with MG. The rapid decrease in levels of AFP during the post-partum period may also be partly responsible for relapses seen during this period. AFP may also be responsible for the appearance of transitory neonatal MG only sometime after birth and in only a minority of cases.
Liposomal imatinib–mitoxantrone combination: Formulation development and therapeutic evaluation in an animal model of prostate cancer (2010)

The loading parameters and drug retention properties of our LIM formulation, combined with its in vivo antitumor activity, make this formulation an excellent strategy to improve the therapeutic index of mitoxantrone and a promising candidate for clinical development in prostate cancer therapy.
Protease Inhibitors from Solanum chacoense Inhibit Pectobacterium Virulence by Reducing Bacterial Protease Activity and Motility (2022)

Potato is a major staple crop, and necrotrophic bacterial pathogens such as <i>Pectobacterium</i> spp. are a major threat to global food security. Most lines of cultivated potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) are susceptible to <i>Pectobacterium</i> spp., but some lines of wild potato are resistant, including <i>Solanum chacoense</i> M6. Despite the discovery of resistance in wild potatoes, specific resistance genes are yet to be discovered. Crude protein extract from M6 had a global effect on <i>Pectobacterium brasiliense</i> Pb1692 (Pb1692) virulence phenotypes. Specifically, M6 protein extracts resulted in reduced <i>Pectobacterium</i> exo-protease activity and motility, induced cell elongation, and affected bacterial virulence and metabolic gene expression. These effects were not observed from protein extracts of susceptible potato <i>S. tuberosum</i> DM1. A proteomics approach identified protease inhibitors (PIs) as candidates for <i>S. chacoense</i> resistance, and genomic analysis showed higher abundance and diversity of PIs in M6 than in DM1. We cloned five PIs that are unique or had high abundance in M6 compared with DM1 and purified the proteins (g18987, g28531, g39249, g40384, g6571). Four of the PIs significantly reduced bacterial protease activity, with strongest effects from g28531 and g6571. Three PIs (g18987, g28531, g6571) inhibited disease when co-inoculated with <i>Pectobacterium</i> pathogens into potato tubers. Two PIs (g28531, g6571) also significantly reduced Pb1692 motility and are promising as resistance genes. These results show that <i>S. chacoense</i> PIs contribute to bacterial disease resistance by inhibiting exo-proteases, motility, and tuber maceration and by modulating cell morphology and metabolism. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Evaluating of Energy Gap in Single Molecular Device (2022)

We developed a metrology approach for single molecular device for performance analysis of molecular nanoelectronics devices to probe the energy gap in single molecular devices. Molecular Nanoelectronics technologies at early time were very immature both on technological and scientific levels. The closeness of energy of the high occupied molecular orbital - low unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap was detected by electric (FBS) and optic measurements (Do), FBS » Do. The ‘electrical gap’, FBS, consists of sum of two barriers, FBLUMO and FBHOMO, for tunneling of electrons and holes through molecular barrier correspondingly, in devices with a different pair of electrodes at low biases and difference in work function, DWF, between these metal electrodes: FBS = FBLUMO + FBHOMO+ DWF. We created and examined two devices using a pair of of gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) electrodes to find FBHOMO (FBAu) and FBLUMO (FBAl) using Simmons tunneling model. The symbols FBLUMO and FBHOMO signify difference in energy between HOMO and LUMO levels in a molecular system with respect to the Au and Al electrode’s Fermi level. In nanoscale devices, Comparison of FBS and Do can reveal the presence of electrically active molecules between electrodes.
The new document methodology: a value creation tool for the enterprise (2002)

This paper sketches the evolution of document management systems from simple imaging/retrieval systems to an enlarged framework that forms a model of the enterprise. It specifically examines a new methodology based upon five axioms and four supporting cycles that creates a platform for a dynamic document model of the firm.
New Compounds - Studies in Cinnoline Chemistry. I. The Synthesis of Substituted Phenyl Cinnolyl Sulfides. (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compounds - Studies in Cinnoline Chemistry. I. The Synthesis of Substituted Phenyl Cinnolyl Sulfides.S. Yarnal and V. BadigerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 6, 1270Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1968Publication History Published online20 September 2004Published inissue 1 November 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00312a616https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00312a616research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, -10 and -11 in paediatric opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (2013)

Summary Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder associated with remote cancer. To understand more clearly the role of inflammatory mediators, the concentration of CXCR3 ligands CXCL10, CXCL9 and CXCL11 was measured in 245 children with OMS and 81 paediatric controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CXCR3 expression on CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CXCL10 was 2·7-fold higher in untreated OMS than controls. Intrathecal production was demonstrated by significantly different CXCL10 CSF : serum ratios. The dichotomized ‘high’ CSF CXCL10 group had higher CSF leucocyte count (P = 0·0007) and B cell activating factor (BAFF) and CXCL13 concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0·0001). CSF CXCL10 did not correlate with clinical severity or relapse using grouped data, although it did in some patients. Among seven types of immunotherapy, including rituximab or chemotherapy, only adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) monotherapy showed reduced CSF CXCL10, but prospective longitudinal studies of ACTH combination therapies indicated no reduction in CXCL10 despite clinical improvement (P &amp;lt; 0·0001). CXCL10 concentrations were 11-fold higher in CSF and twofold higher in serum by multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but the two correlated (r = 0·7 and 0·83). In serum, no group differences for CXCL9 or CXCL11 were found. CXCR3 expression on CD4+ T cells was fivefold higher in those from CSF than blood, but was not increased in OMS or altered by conventional immunotherapy. These data suggest alternative roles for CXCL10 in OMS. Over-expression of CXCL10 was not reduced by clinical immunotherapies as a whole, indicating the need for better therapeutic approaches.
Interfacial reactions between thin rare-earth-metal oxide films and Si substrates (2001)

Rare-earth-metal oxide films (Ln2O3; Ln=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, and Yb) between 20 and 30 nm thick were grown on Si substrates by using a pyrolysis method. We found that a silicate (LnSiO) layer and a silicon oxide layer were formed at the interface between oxides and substrate after postannealing. The infrared absorption of the Si–O–Ln bonds increased as the postannealing temperature rose. The Si–O–Ln bond formation strongly depended on the ion radii of the rare-earth elements. We conclude that an interfacial silicate layer can easily be formed by a reaction with Si atoms diffusing from the substrate for oxides with larger ion radii. This is because such oxides may have a larger space between atoms. The quantity of Si–O–Si bonds also increased after postannealing. The increase in the Si–O–Si bonds for Ln2O3 was independent of the elements, and almost the same as the increases for Ta2O5 and ZrO2.
Hydrothermal conversion of biomass into value-added products: Technology that mimics nature (2009)

The term “hydrothermal” comes originally from the field of geology. Hydrothermal reactions generally can be defined as reactions in the presence of aqueous solvents under high temperature and pressure. Such reactions played a very important role during formation of fossil fuels. On the basis of the natural phenomena, we have conducted a series of studies concerning hydrothermal conversion of biomass into value-added products. This article gives an overview of some recent advances in our research on hydrothermal conversion of biomasses, mainly including the production of low molecular weight carboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, lactic acid, and formic acid, from carbohydrate and lignocellulosic biomasses, as well as glycerin, which is a by-product of the bio-diesel fuel manufacturing process.
Antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus in horses from southern, midwestern and northeastern Brazilian States (2016)

ABSTRACT: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the agent of a vesicular disease that affects many animal species and may be clinically confounded with foot-and-mouth disease in ruminant and swine. Horses are especially susceptible to VSV and may serve as sentinels for virus circulation. The present study investigated the presence of neutralizing antibodies against VSV Indiana III (VSIV-3) in serum samples of 3,626 horses from six states in three Brazilian regions: Southern (RS, n = 1,011), Midwest (GO/DF, n = 1,767) and Northeast (PB, PE, RN and CE, n = 848) collected between 2013 and 2014. Neutralizing antibodies against VSIV-3 (titers ≥40) were detected in 641 samples (positivity of 17.7%; CI95%:16.5-19.0%), being 317 samples from CE (87.3%; CI95%: 83.4-90.5 %); 109 from RN (65.7%; CI95%: 57.8 -72.7%); 124 from PB (45.4%; CI95%: 39.4-51.5%); 78 from GO/DF (4.4%; CI95%: 3.5-5.5%) and nine samples of RS (0.9%; CI95%: 0.4-1.7%). Several samples from the Northeast and Midwest harbored high neutralizing titers, indicating a recent exposure to the virus. In contrast, samples from RS had low titers, possibly due to a past remote exposure. Several positive samples presented neutralizing activity against other VSV serotypes (Indiana I and New Jersey), yet in lower titers, indicating the specificity of the response to VSIV-3. These results demonstrated a relatively recent circulation of VSIV-3 in northeastern Brazilian States, confirming clinical findings and demonstrating the sanitary importance of this infection.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): worldwide issues (2020)

Kratom, as a preparation and how it is utilized is different around the world.
A New, Small Semi Concept for Marginal Fields (1992)

Abstract A new type of semi-submersible platform is proposed, which is claimed to be well suited for the development of offshore marginal fields, where light and economic supports are required. It consists in shrinking and perforating the pontoons which become flooded and act as passive dampers, Duoyancy is then insured by the columns only. Introduction The performances of such floaters are demonstrated by theoretical and numerical analyses, and comparisons with model test results. Semi-submersible platforms are floating structures characterized by relatively deeply submerged elements - pontoons - and vertical columns piercing the free surface and supporting the deck. Most often they are being used as drilling units - in which case minimization of their vertical motion is a major design objective. Here we are concerned with their utilization as production supports - in which case heave minimization becomes a less stringent requirement if flexible risers are in use. The design of semi-submersible platforms obeys a number of rules or constraints, the most obvious ones being of hydrostatic nature: that the displaced volume should balance the weight in all circumstances, and the metacentric heights be larger than some minimum values. For voluminous and deeply submerged pontoons this means that the columns should be sufficiently far apart. The other design criteria are more subtle, and of a dynamic nature: they result from the existence of a so-called cancellation frequency, at which the vertical dynamic loads on the columns and l)on toons cancel out (notwithstanding phase cancellation effects which playa role at somewhat larger wave frequencies). For usual designs the heave natural frequency is just slightly below the cancellation frequency, As the heave motion is 180 degrees out of phase with the free surface elevation in between these two frequencies, semis are designed in such a way that their cancellation frequency be smaller than the wave frequencies they are likely to encounter in their lifetime. For North Sea conditions this means cancellation periods around 20 seconds. The result is that these semis have voluminous pontoons, that typically account for 70 to 80 %of their total displacements (the higher the cancellation period, the larger the pontoons' displacement, as compared to the columns'). For drilling units this large available volume permits deballasting and sailing off location quickly to another drilling site. For permanently moored structures used as production units, it may be wondered whether the cost of such voluminous pontoons is not prohibitive when the topsides weights are limited. It may also be wondered whether their motion response is not too good, since reduced vertical motion means higher deck elevation and increased structural cost. Cutting off the pontoons would significantly decrease the structural cost (with the columns alone still providing enough buoyancy to support the deck and topsides!), but then the motion behavior would be frankly too bad, with the heave, roll and pitch natural frequencies in the wave frequency range.
PDGF receptor kinase inhibitors for the treatment of restenosis (2004)

The clogging of arteries by neointima is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and of restenosis following balloon angioplasty. The realization in the 1980s that PDGF and its receptor play a key role in the onset of neointimal formation led us to develop PDGFR kinase inhibitors as antirestenosis agents. In this review, we describe the development of these inhibitors and their implementation as antirestenosis agents by localized delivery to the site of injury.
The long noncoding RNA Tug1 connects metabolic changes with kidney disease in podocytes (2016)

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that metabolic alterations play a key role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis. In this issue of the JCI, Long et al. report that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) taurine-upregulated 1 (Tug1) contributes to CKD development. The authors show that Tug1 regulates mitochondrial function in podocytes by epigenetic targeting of expression of the transcription factor PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α, encoded by Ppargc1a). Transgenic overexpression of Tug1 specifically in podocytes ameliorated diabetes-induced CKD in mice. Together, these results highlight an important connection between lncRNA-mediated metabolic alterations in podocytes and kidney disease development.
Media Bias with Digital Intermediary (2020)

This paper develops a location model of media bias in the market for news with a digital intermediary that uses news items as a loss leader for its platform. In the model, media quality is defined as an ability that increases the consumers”utility in interpreting information by better delivering information through news, independent of media bias. The model shows that the digital intermediary minimizes the bias gap between media outlets when its quality is higher than media outlets and maximizes or keeps constant the bias gap otherwise. If the digital intermediary tolerates a decrease in profit, it can maximize or keep constant the bias gap even when its quality is higher than media outlets. Furthermore, the higher its quality relative to media outlets, the lower the media bias adjustment cost.
Deep-GA-Net for Accurate and Explainable Detection of Geographic Atrophy on OCT Scans (2023)

The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Calculating how to move your body (2007)

Young children need to move their arms and legs and often sway and rock as they try to communicate with their peers and with adults.