gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
587. Genetic architecture of body weight and carcass traits in Ghanaian local chickens (2022)

Little information on the genetic architecture of production traits of indigenous African chicken exists. We estimated genetic parameters and performed a genome-wide association study using imputed 600K SNP genotypes on three Ghanaian chicken ecotypes (n=1,113). Variance components and heritabilities for body weight at 22 weeks (BW22), average daily gain (ADG), and carcass traits were estimated, as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations among them. Heritabilities for all traits were high (0.51-0.69), while those for carcass traits corrected for BW22 were moderate (0.21-0.38). Seven 1-Mb windows from six chromosomes each explained up to 25% of the genetic variance in these traits. These windows contained genes such as FOXO1, NCARP, LCORL, LAP3, LDB2, TGFBR2, and TAPT1, previously reported to have effects on growth and carcass traits. The moderate to high heritabilities and highly positive genetic correlations between them indicate that these traits can be improved through selective breeding.
Assessment of a computerized patient record system: a cognitive approach to evaluating medical technology. (1996)

Numerous research and development projects have been aimed at implementing computerized patient record (CPR) systems. Yet little emphasis has been placed on physicians' ability to learn and use these systems or on their effects on physicians' reasoning. This article describes an innovative approach to assessing these aspects of a CPR system. The method involves observing physicians' use of a CPR under various clinical conditions and analyzing the CPR system with a technique called the cognitive walkthrough. We will show how learning to use a CPR system can change a physician's performance, with accompanying effects on information gathering and reasoning.
Tightly-Coupled Integration of Multi-GNSS Single-Frequency RTK and MEMS-IMU for Enhanced Positioning Performance (2017)

Dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) Real-time Kinematics (RTK) has been proven in the past few years to be a reliable and efficient technique to obtain high accuracy positioning. However, there are still challenges for GPS single-frequency RTK, such as low reliability and ambiguity resolution (AR) success rate, especially in kinematic environments. Recently, multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (multi-GNSS) has been applied to enhance the RTK performance in terms of availability and reliability of AR. In order to further enhance the multi-GNSS single-frequency RTK performance in terms of reliability, continuity and accuracy, a low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) inertial measurement unit (IMU) is adopted in this contribution. We tightly integrate the single-frequency GPS/BeiDou/GLONASS and MEMS-IMU through the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which directly fuses the ambiguity-fixed double-differenced (DD) carrier phase observables and IMU data. A field vehicular test was carried out to evaluate the impacts of the multi-GNSS and IMU on the AR and positioning performance in different system configurations. Test results indicate that the empirical success rate of single-epoch AR for the tightly-coupled single-frequency multi-GNSS RTK/INS integration is over 99% even at an elevation cut-off angle of 40°, and the corresponding position time series is much more stable in comparison with the GPS solution. Besides, GNSS outage simulations show that continuous positioning with certain accuracy is possible due to the INS bridging capability when GNSS positioning is not available.
Search for contact interactions in µ^+µ^- events in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV (2013)

Results are reported from a search for the effects of contact interactions using events with a high-mass, oppositely charged muon pair. The events are collected in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV using the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.3  fb^(-1). The observed dimuon mass spectrum is consistent with that expected from the standard model. The data are interpreted in the context of a quark- and muon-compositeness model with a left-handed isoscalar current and an energy scale parameter Λ. The 95% confidence level lower limit on Λ is 9.5 TeV under the assumption of destructive interference between the standard model and contact-interaction amplitudes. For constructive interference, the limit is 13.1 TeV. These limits are comparable to the most stringent ones reported to date.
Synthesis of the heterocyclic chalconoid derivatives (2015)

Chalconoids, also known as chalcones, they form the central core for a variety of important biological compounds. They show antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Some chalconoids demo nstrated the ability to block voltage-dependent potassium ch annels [1]. Chalcones are also natural aromatize in hibitors [2]. Chalcones are starting compounds in synthesis of he terocycles containing di nitrogen atoms which named (di aze) ,an attempt to synthesis of chalcones from acetanil ide with aromatic aldehydes such as p-N,N-dimethyl Benzaldehyde and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde by Claisen- Schmidt condensation. The resulting chalcones afte r purification have been converted into substituted p yrazoline and pyrimidine by reaction with hydrazine hydrate, urea, thiourea and guanidine. All these compounds w ere characterized by Physical and spectral methods such as melting point, 1 H-NMR and C.H.N analysis.
The Effective Viscosity of Polar Fluids (1970)

The effective viscosity of a polar fluid is a measure of the amount of traditional shear viscosity the polar fluid will appear to possess in a particular flow situation. Four classical flow configurations are considered here; Couette flow, plane Poiseuille flow, pipe flow, and flow between concentric rotating cylinders. The principal non-Newtonian characteristic of polar fluids in these flow configurations is an increased effective viscosity which is dependent upon the relative size and configuration of the flow situation. It is shown that the non-Newtonian characteristics of polar fluids are more pronounced, and thus probably more easily measured, in pipe flow than in any of the other flow configurations considered here.
Optimal dynamic replica placement in content delivery networks (2004)

Content delivery networks (CDN) design entails the placement of server replicas to bring the content close to the users, together with an efficient and content aware request routing. In this paper we address the problem of dynamic replica placement to account for users demand variability while optimizing the costs paid by a CDN provider and the overall performance of the distributed replica servers architecture. We formulate the dynamic replica placement problem as a semi Markov decision process accounting for the traffic conditions, the users level of satisfaction, as well as the costs paid to install, maintain or remove a replica from a site. The proposed model applies to general network topologies and considers realistic constraints on network and servers capacity. The optimal strategy derived by means of the decision model provides the ground for designing a centralized heuristic and is used as a benchmark for the heuristic evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed heuristic has a behavior close to that of the optimal strategy and achieves very good performance in terms of low average distance from a user to the serving replica, low average number of replicas and high probability of being able to serve a request.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Mediated Cascade Reaction of Azides with MBH‐Acetates of Acetylenic Aldehydes to Substituted Pyrroles: A Facile Access to N‐Fused Pyrrolo‐heterocycles. (2012)

Abstract The mild synthesis of the title compounds is developed by using easily accessible azides.
Effects on performance and energy reduction by file relocation based on file-access correlations (2012)

Many recent advanced applications of information systems require large amounts of data to be stored in multiple hard disk drives (HDDs). The placement of data in these drives is quite influential in reducing energy consumption while retaining the performance of the system. Several approaches have been proposed in which frequently accessed files are concentrated into a limited number of drives to enable spin-down of the other drives. However, the placement of infrequently accessed data in these drives is also significant because energy consumption during spin-up to access these data cannot be ignored, particularly when files tending to be used together are placed on many different drives. In this paper, we propose a novel method named PLECO (Placement of files for Latency and Energy Consumption Optimization), which aims to place correlated files into the same drive to reduce power consumption and improve the performance of the system. We simulated and evaluated the proposed method, and these results indicate that our proposal can reduce both the energy consumption and the access latency by up to 32% and 92%, respectively, compared with a baseline system.
Immunohistochemical Expression Analysis of the Human Interferon-Inducible Gene IFI16, a Member of the HIN200 Family, Not Restricted to Hematopoietic Cells (2002)

This is the first description of an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of interferon (IFN)-inducible gene IFI16 expression in normal tissues. Immunohistochemical detection of IFI16 in paraffin-embedded tissues is achieved by using a polyclonal antibody raised against its C-terminal fragment that recognizes its three closely migrating isoforms in Western blotting. The results clearly indicate that IFI16 expression is not restricted to the hematopoietic compartment. In normal adult human tissues, it is prominent in stratified squamous epithelia and particularly intense in parabasal cells in the proliferating compartments, but it gradually decreases in the more differentiated suprabasal layers. Understanding of IFI16 expression in vivo is essential for interpretation of the results obtained from in vitro studies and elucidation of its physiologic role. The constitutive expression and wider distribution of IFI16 in normal human tissues, not restricted to the hematopoietic compartment, strongly support the possibility of an important role in cell differentiation that can be further modulated by other stimuli, such as IFN.
Development of (Trimethylsilyl)ethyl Ester Protected Enolates and Applications in Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation: Intermolecular Cross-Coupling of Functionalized Electrophiles (2014)

The development of (trimethylsilyl)ethyl ester protected enolates is reported. The application of this class of compounds in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation is explored, yielding a variety of α-quaternary six- and seven-membered ketones and lactams. Independent coupling partner synthesis engenders enhanced allyl substrate scope relative to traditional β-ketoester substrates; highly functionalized α-quaternary ketones generated by the union of (trimethylsilyl)ethyl β-ketoesters and sensitive allylic alkylation coupling partners serve to demonstrate the utility of this method for complex fragment coupling.
Strong-Field Physics with Mid-IR Fields (2015)

Strong-field physics is currently experiencing a shift towards the use of mid-IR driving wavelengths. This is because they permit conducting experiments unambiguously in the quasistatic regime and enable exploiting the effects related to ponderomotive scaling of electron recollisions. Initial measurements taken in the mid-IR immediately led to a deeper understanding of photoionization and allowed a discrimination among different theoretical models. Ponderomotive scaling of rescattering has enabled new avenues towards time-resolved probing of molecular structure. Essential for this paradigm shift was the convergence of two experimental tools: (1) intense mid-IR sources that can create high-energy photons and electrons while operating within the quasistatic regime and (2) detection systems that can detect the generated highenergy particles and image the entire momentum space of the interaction in full coincidence. Here, we present a unique combination of these two essential ingredients, namely, a 160-kHz mid-IR source and a reaction microscope detection system, to present an experimental methodology that provides an unprecedented three-dimensional view of strong-field interactions. The system is capable of generating and detecting electron energies that span a 6 order of magnitude dynamic range. We demonstrate the versatility of the system by investigating electron recollisions, the core process that drives strong-field phenomena, at both low (meV) and high (hundreds of eV) energies. The low-energy region is used to investigate recently discovered low-energy structures, while the high-energy electrons are used to probe atomic structure via laser-induced electron diffraction. Moreover, we present, for the first time, the correlated momentum distribution of electrons from nonsequential double ionization driven by mid-IR pulses.
Combining the Antigen Processing Components TAP and Tapasin Elicits Enhanced Tumor-Free Survival (2008)

This is the first demonstration that Tpn alone can enhance survival and immunity against tumors but additionally suggests that Tpn and TAP should be used together as components of immunotherapeutic vaccine protocols to eradicate tumors.
Mapping neuroinflammation in frontotemporal dementia with molecular PET imaging (2015)

Recent findings have led to a renewed interest and support for an active role of inflammation in neurodegenerative dementias and related neurologic disorders. Detection of neuroinflammation in vivo throughout the course of neurodegenerative diseases is of great clinical interest. Studies have shown that microglia activation (an indicator of neuroinflammation) may present at early stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of FTD is largely unknown. The first-generation translocator protein (TSPO) ligand ([(11)C]-PK11195) has been used to detect microglia activation in FTD, and the second-generation TSPO ligands have imaged neuroinflammation in vivo with improved pharmacokinetic properties. This paper reviews related literature and technical issues on mapping neuroinflammation in FTD with positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. Early detection of neuroinflammation in FTD may identify new tools for diagnosis, novel treatment targets, and means to monitor therapeutic efficacy. More studies are needed to image and track neuroinflammation in FTD. It is anticipated that the advances of TSPO PET imaging will overcome technical difficulties, and molecular imaging of neuroinflammation will aid in the characterization of neuroinflammation in FTD. Such knowledge has the potential to shed light on the poorly understood pathogenesis of FTD and related dementias, and provide imaging markers to guide the development and assessment of new therapies.
Coronal fractures of the lateral femoral condyle (1989)

We reviewed seven patients with coronal fractures of the lateral femoral condyle and studied the mechanism of injury and the radiological features. The influence of soft tissue attachments on the displacement and the blood supply were investigated by clinical and cadaveric studies. All three fractures which were initially undisplaced lost position early during conservative management. Internal fixation gave good results at review, and is recommended to avoid the risk of malunion and possible secondary osteoarthritis.
Quality-of-Life and Economic Outcomes of Assessing Fractional Flow Reserve With Computed Tomography Angiography (2015)

An evaluation strategy based on FFRCT was associated with less resource use and lower costs within 90 days than evaluation with invasive coronary angiography. Evaluation with FFRCT was associated with greater improvement in quality of life than evaluation with usual noninvasive testing. (Prospective Longitudinal Trial of FFRCT: Outcomes and Resource Impacts [PLATFORM]; NCT01943903).
Impaired intrahepatic natural killer cell cytotoxic function in chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2012)

These findings indicate dysfunctional IH NK cell cytotoxicity associated with TRAIL down-regulation in chronic HCV infection, which may contribute to virus persistence. PB NK cell impairment upon exposure to HCVcc suggests the existence of an accessory cell-dependent NK cell lytic defect in chronic HCV infection predominantly involving the TRAIL pathway.
Proteomic analysis of ERK1/2-mediated human sickle red blood cell membrane protein phosphorylation (2013)

These findings expand upon the current model for the involvement of ERK1/2 signaling in RBCs. These findings also identify additional protein targets of this pathway other than the RBC adhesion molecule ICAM-4 and enhance the understanding of the mechanism of small molecule inhibitors of MEK/1/2/ERK1/2, which could be effective in ameliorating RBC hemorheology and adhesion, the hallmarks of SCD.
Additive Manufacturing: Vat Polymerization for Medical Applications (2022)

Abstract Vat polymerization uses ultraviolet light to harden liquid photosensitive resins into medical products such as surgical models and artificial limbs.
Principles of Virtual Crossmatch Testing for Kidney Transplantation (2022)

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are the primary determinants of alloimmunity. A crossmatch test is a test that determines the immunologic risk of a recipient with a potential donor by ensuring that there are no transplant-relevant circulating antibodies in the recipient directed against donor antigens. Physical crossmatch (PXM) tests, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch (CDCXM) and flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM), require mixing of patient serum and donor cells, are labor intensive, and are logistically challenging. Virtual crossmatch (VXM) test assesses immunologic compatibility between recipient and potential donor by analyzing the results of 2 independently done physical laboratory tests-patient anti-HLA antibody and donor HLA typing. The goal of VXM is pretransplant risk stratification-though there is no consensus on whether such risk assessment involves predicting the PXM result or the posttransplant outcome. Although the concept of VXM is not new, the advent of solid-phase assays for detecting circulating antibodies in the recipient directed against individual HLA and DNA-based methods for typing donor HLA specificities at a higher resolution makes the routine use of VXM a reality. Accordingly, VXM may be applied at different scenarios-both for sensitized and nonsensitized patients. Implementation of VXM-based approach has resulted in statistically significant reduction in cold ischemia time without an increase in hyperacute rejection episodes. Though there are considerable challenges, VXM is expected to be used more often in the future, depending on the transplant center's tolerance of immunologic risk.
Diversity Takes Shape: Understanding the Mechanistic and Adaptive Basis of Bacterial Morphology (2016)

The modern age of metagenomics has delivered unprecedented volumes of data describing the genetic and metabolic diversity of bacterial communities, but it has failed to provide information about coincident cellular morphologies. Much like metabolic and biosynthetic capabilities, morphology comprises a critical component of bacterial fitness, molded by natural selection into the many elaborate shapes observed across the bacterial domain. In this essay, we discuss the diversity of bacterial morphology and its implications for understanding both the mechanistic and the adaptive basis of morphogenesis. We consider how best to leverage genomic data and recent experimental developments in order to advance our understanding of bacterial shape and its functional importance.
Optical and Thermal Electron Transfer Activation of Dioxygen by Viologen Dithiolene Metalates (1997)

Photoinduced electron transfer activation of dioxygen by redoxactive charge-transfer ion pairs of the type {A2+[Pt(mnt)2]2-} (A2+ = 2,2‘-,4,4‘-bipyridinium or cycloalkylated biimidazolium dication; mnt2- = maleonitriledithiolate) occurs through an optical electron transfer within an ion pair. This affords the primary redox products A•+ and [Pt(mnt)2]- as indicated by laser flash photolysis. Under argon the transients recombine by fast second-order kinetics. Under dioxygen a different behavior is observed. In the case of acceptors with a first reduction potential more positive than −0.6 V back electron transfer prevails. When the potential is more negative however, A•+ reduces O2 by pseudo-first-order kinetics to generate O2•-, while [Pt(mnt)2]- accumulates in the solution. Quantum yields increase with decreasing excitation wavelength. This suggests that internal conversion of the initially populated excited state to the photoreactive ion pair charge-transfer state is more efficient upon excitation to the interligand (π,π*) state (334 nm) than to the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer state (437 or 580 nm). In the latter cases competitive radiationless deactivation via metal-centered states occurs. The corresponding Ni and Pd complexes do not exhibit any reactivity due to their very short excited state lifetimes. Formation of O2•- was proved by ESR spin-trapping techniques. Accumulation of [Pt(mnt)2]- occurs also when instead of irradiating, the reaction is performed in the dark at about 160 °C. The activation energy of 108 ± 10 kJ/mol as obtained for the thermal electron transfer from [Pt(mnt)2]2- to A2+ corresponds well to the value calculated from the Hush−Marcus model.
Gastric Retentive Dosage Forms: A Review (2003)

Gastric retentive dosage forms have been investigated to provide controlled release therapy for drugs with reduced absorption in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract or for local treatment of diseases of the stomach or upper GI tract. Gastric retentive dosage forms rely on either natural GI physiology, such as floating or large tablets that depend on delayed emptying from the fed stomach, or those dosage forms that are designed to fight the physiology and avoid emptying in the fasted state through dosage forms of even larger sizes with or without flotation or bioadhesion. To understand the behavior of the dosage forms, an introduction to GI motility and its measurement is provided. Because the fed mode underlies the successful development of dosage forms that rely on size or flotation, the emptying of these dosage forms in the fed mode and identification of the key factors influencing the variability of gastric retention are discussed. The design and limitations of size or density-based fed mode, and mucoadhesive and expandable fasting-state gastric retentive systems are presented.