gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Controlled Mechanical Property of Collagen Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering (2018)

Collagen hydrogels have been expansively used to mimic the extracellular matrix for three dimensional (3-D) tissue engineering applications because of their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. But the poor mechanical properties of collagen hydrogel causes substantial shrinkage during 3-D cell culture [1,2]. In this study, we fabricated a collagen hydrogel reinforced with lyophilized polysaccharide nanofibers (Col/NFs) to reduce the shrinkage of collagen hydrogels. The viscoelastic properties of Col/NFs were measured by using a rheometer. Viability and proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) cultured in the hydrogel, were evaluated using Live and Dead assay, and MTT assay, respectively. Shrinkage rates of Col/NFs hydrogel after hMSCs culture were measured for 15 days. The viscose and elastic modulus of Col/NFs hydrogels were increased with increase of NFs concentration. The proliferation of hMSCs in of Col/NFs hydrogel was slower than that of collagen hydrogel. The viability of hMSCs in both hydrogels was more than 95%. Shrinkage of Col/NFs hydrogel during hMSCs culture were significantly reduced by used NFs. Further, osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was confirmed using von kossa staining. In conclusion, shrinkage controlled Col/NFs hydrogels can be used bone tissue engineering.
Use of the EndoMaster robot‐assisted surgical system in transoral robotic surgery: A cadaveric study (2018)

The EndoMaster system shows promising potential for use in TORS. Further refinements to movements of the effector arms are required.
Using Flash Photography and Image-Based Rendering to Document Cultural Heritage Artifacts (2016)

A novel image-based rendering system is proposed for documenting cultural heritage artifacts. The system utilizes backscattering photography to acquire the initial pictures and derives estimates for the object's diffuse albedo, surface normals, and the specular reflectivity from the images. A projective texture mapping technique is used to create a novel view of the artifact by blending the original photographs and projecting them onto a mesh that is also derived from the photos. By weighting the images according to how they best depict the manner in which a virtual light source illuminates the artifact's surface, object relighting is also achieved.
Metabolic and photochemical hydroxylation of 5-nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde derivatives (1976)

The potassium salt of 1-[[(5-aco-nitro-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-2-furanyl)methylene]amino]-2,4-imidazolidinedione (4) was isolated from the urine of rats fed nitrofurantoin. An aldehyde absorbing at 400 nm was synthesized photochemically, in less than 1% yield, from 5-nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde diacetate (1), and the hydroxylamine (2), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (3a-c), and 1-amino-2,4-imidazolidinedione (4) derivatives were prepared. On the basis of ir and NMR data 2, 3b,c, and 4 are considered derivatives of 4-hydroxy-5-nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde which are mainly in the aci-nitro form. Methyl and ethyl nitronic esters of 3b were synthesized. The photochemical hydroxylation of 1 also yields 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde, isolated as 3-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-5-nitro-2-furanyl)-methylene[amino[-2-oxazolidinone (7).
Dual Superlyophobic Aliphatic Polyketone Membranes for Highly Efficient Emulsified Oil–Water Separation: Performance and Mechanism (2018)

Efficient treatment of difficult emulsified oil-water wastes is a global challenge. Membranes exhibiting unusual dual superlyophobicity (combined underwater superoleophobicity and underoil superhydrophobicity) are intriguing to realize high-efficiency separation of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. For the first time, a robust polymeric membrane demonstrating dual superlyophobicity to common apolar oils was facilely fabricated via a simple one-step phase separation process using an aliphatic polyketone (PK) polymer, thanks to a conjunction of intermediate hydrophilicity and re-entrant fibril-like texture upon the prepared PK membrane. Further chemical modification to improve surface hydrophilicity slightly can enable dual superlyophobicity to both apolar and polar oils. It is found that a nonwetting composite state of oil against water or water against oil was obtainable on the membrane surfaces only when the probe liquids possess an equilibrium contact angle (θ<sub>ow</sub> or θ<sub>wo</sub>) larger than the critical re-entrant angle of the textured surfaces (73°), which can explain the existences of dual superlyophobicity and also the nonwetting to fully wetting transitions. A simple design chart was developed to map out the operational windows of material hydrophilicity and re-entrant geometry, that is, a possible zone, to help in the rational design of similar interfacial systems from various materials. Switchable filtrations of oil-in-water and water-in-oil nanoemulsions were achieved readily with both high flux and high rejection. The simplicity and scalability of the membrane preparation process and the well-elucidated underlying mechanisms illuminate the great application potential of the PK-based superwetting membranes.
Improved results of corrective repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect (2009)

Objective: This study evaluated the historical impact on outcome for early primary repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) in our institute.
Cerebrospinal fluid phospho-tau T217 outperforms T181 as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and PET amyloid-positive patient identification (2020)

Increased cerebrospinal fluid pT217 levels, more than those of pT181, are highly specific biomarkers for detecting both the preclinical and advanced forms of Alzheimer's disease. This finding should greatly improve the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, along with the correlations found to exist between pT217 levels and PiB-PET data. It also suggests that pT217 is a promising potential target for therapeutic applications and that a link exists between amyloid and tau pathology.
High uniformity, low-power HfOx-based RRAM enable by a heterogeneous CeO2-Nb:SrTiO3 interface (2016)

The effects of an intentional interface engineering of a heterogeneous CeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Nb:SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> interface on the resistive switching behaviors of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based resistive random access memory (RRAM) has been investigated. Switching parameters including set voltage, reset voltage, low resistance state and high resistance state, are greatly improved by the interface engineering. Besides, low power consumption RRAM, which is favorable for embedded information storage, is also acquired. This work provided a meaningful way for the improvement of uniformity as well as decreases the power consumption in bipolar resistive switching memory devices by interface engineering.
Bushkiller (Cayratia japonica) Response to Selected Herbicides (2011)

Abstract Bushkiller, an aggressive perennial vine native to Southeast Asia, has invaded several sites in Alabama, North Carolina, Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Bushkiller has only recently been discovered in North Carolina. The potential economic and environmental consequences associated with established exotic invasive perennial vines and the lack of published control measures for bushkiller prompted research to be conducted at North Carolina State University that may be used in an early-detection rapid-response program. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine bushkiller response to selected foliar-applied herbicides. Field study 1 evaluated efficacy of glyphosate, triclopyr, triclopyr plus 2,4-D, triclopyr plus aminopyralid, and triclopyr plus glyphosate applied postemergence to bushkiller. No control was evident from any treatment at 10 mo after application. In a separate experiment, aminocyclopyrachlor, imazapyr, metsulfuron, sulfometuron, and sulfometuron plus metsulfuron were applied postemergence to bushkiller. Control with aminocyclopyrachlor, imazapyr, sulfometuron, and sulfometuron plus metsulfuron was 88 to 99% at 10 mo after application. Each treatment was also applied to bushkiller in a greenhouse trial. Aminocyclopyrachlor and triclopyr-containing treatments generally resulted in the greatest control, lowest dry weights, and shortest vine lengths among the treatments. These results indicate that several herbicides may be employed initially in an early-detection, rapid-response program for bushkiller. Additional research is needed to determine how effective these herbicides would be in multiple-season treatments that may be required at well established bushkiller infestation sites.
High-purity free-electron momentum states prepared by three-dimensional optical phase modulation (2021)

We demonstrate a laser-based and femtosecond-switchable inelastic electron beam splitter. Coherent optical phase modulation of 200-keV electrons at a thin electron-transparent membrane prepares a high-purity three-dimensional momentum superposition state, characterized in energy and momentum space.
Titelbild (2001)

Das Titelbild zeigt ein neues Konzept zur Lösung eines der ältesten und wichtigsten Probleme der Chemie: die Isolierung von reinen Substanzen aus komplexen homogenen Lösungen. Ein Produkt kann gezielt für die Isolierung vorbereitet werden, indem das entsprechende Edukt markiert wird. Die verwendeten Marker, so genannte Präzipitonen, sind ausgesprochen löslich in den verwendeten Lösungsmitteln und unterstützen so die homogenen Reaktionsbedingungen (1→2). Nach der Reaktion kann das markierte Produkt von der homogenen Mischung (4) aus Lösungsmittel, überschüssigen Reagentien, Katalysatoren und nichtmarkierten Nebenprodukten durch Aktivierung des Präzipitons getrennt werden (4→5). Die Trennung gelingt, weil die Präzipitonen isomerisieren, mit der Folge, dass das markierte Produkt in fast allen Lösungsmitteln unlöslich ist und nur das reine Produkt ausfällt (5). Das Produkt (6) kann dann durch Filtration oder Zentrifugieren isoliert werden und gegebenenfalls durch Pulverisierung weiter gereinigt werden. Manchmal ist es wünschenswert, unlösliche Katalysatoren oder Nebenprodukte zu entfernen oder das Lösungsmittel der Reaktion durch ein anderes zu ersetzen, bevor die Präzipitonen aktiviert werden (2→4). Diese geschickte Strategie, die auf einer geplanten Isomerisierung beruht, kann für Reaktionen in jeglichem Maßstab genutzt werden und die Reaktionen können automatisiert werden. Mehr über diese Methode finden Sie in der Zuschrift von Wilcox et al. auf S. 1927ff.
Lessons from the total synthesis of (±)-phalarine: Insights into the mechanism of the Pictet–Spengler reaction (2010)

The furanobisindole alkaloid, phalarine, possesses a unique structural framework within the alkaloid family of natural products. Our laboratory recently disclosed the racemic total synthesis of phalarine, featuring an efficient azaspiroindolenine rearrangement; this achievement is revisited in detail. Upon completion of the first-generation total synthesis, we explored some interesting mechanism-level issues with regard to the key azaspiroindolenine rearrangement. These investigations provided valuable insights into the mechanism of racemization during the azaspiroindolenine rearrangement en route to synthetic phalarine. In addition, in the course of these studies, we demonstrated the Pictet-Spengler capture reaction for C(2)-aryl indoles, and successfully isolated the elusive azaspiroindolenine intermediate of the Pictet-Spengler reaction. Key insights into the remarkably subtle stereoelectronics that govern this rearrangement for C(2)-arylated indoles are discussed.
Gold‐ and Silver‐Catalyzed 7‐endo‐dig Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Oxazepines (2015)

Abstract A comprehensive study on gold‐ and silver‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations of hydroxypropargylamides into oxazepines is described. Three different types of hydroxypropargylamide substrates derived from either amide coupling or Ugi reactions have been validated resulting in establishment of selective and general access to a medium‐ring oxazepine core.
PERTURBATION THEORY IN THE DESIGN OF DEGENERATE RECTANGULAR DIELECTRIC RESONATORS (2012)

The design of resonators with degenerate magnetic and electric modes usually requires the ability to perturb one or both types of modes in order to induce alignment of magnetic and electric properties. In this paper perturbation theory is used to identify difierent types of inclusions that can be used to realize fundamental- mode degeneracy in a rectangular dielectric resonator and thus, can ultimately be used in the design of negative-index metamaterials. For reasons associated with fabrication in the infrared-frequency regime, rectangular resonator designs are of particular interest.
IMPACT OF DISPARITY OF MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS HA-1, CD31, AND CD49B IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA WITH SIBLING AND UNRELATED DONORS (2004)

Despite human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identity between donor and recipient, several patients develop acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) because of minor histocompatibility antigen (mHag) incompatibilities. The impact of multiple mHag disparities on the clinical outcome after HSCT still remains to be determined. We studied the genomic polymorphisms of HA-1, CD31, and CD49b and correlated mHag distribution with the occurrence of aGVHD after HSCT from HLA-matched sibling and unrelated donors. All 163 patients examined in our single-center study underwent HSCT for chronic myeloid leukemia in the first chronic phase. HA-1 and CD31 disparities are associated with increased aGVHD incidence in a subgroup of patients who test HLA-B44 supertype positive in univariate analysis. However, in a multivariate analysis, only increased patient age was confirmed as an independent aGVHD risk factor. Our findings indicate that the impact of mHag disparity on aGVHD development in HSCT from HLA-matched sibling and unrelated donors seems to be subordinated to classic aGVHD risk factors.
Edge Related Effects during Ion Assisted PVD on Sharp Edges and Implications for Coating of Cutting Tools (2003)

During ion assisted physical vapour deposition on sharp edges and corners, interaction between the plasma and the samples can lead to significant changes in the morphological and compositional properties of the coatings in the edge region. These edge related effects were studied on wedge shaped samples coated with TiAlN/VN coating in an industrial deposition process using low energy high flux Ar + ion irradiation (J i /J me ∼4, E i = 75 - 150 eV). The magnitude and spatial extent of edge related changes are directly related to the characteristics of the plasma sheath around the edges. The influence of the edge geometry and the deposition conditions (substrate bias) is examined, as well as the implication for the coating of cutting tools.
Bidirectional Interaction of Hippocampal Ripples and Cortical Slow Waves Leads to Coordinated Spiking Activity During NREM Sleep (2020)

The dialogue between cortex and hippocampus is known to be crucial for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep, memory replay depends on slow oscillation (SO) and spindles in the (neo)cortex and sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) in the hippocampus. The mechanisms underlying interaction of these rhythms are poorly understood. We examined the interaction between cortical SO and hippocampal SWRs in a model of the hippocampo-cortico-thalamic network and compared the results with human intracranial recordings during sleep. We observed that ripple occurrence peaked following the onset of an Up-state of SO and that cortical input to hippocampus was crucial to maintain this relationship. A small fraction of ripples occurred during the Down-state and controlled initiation of the next Up-state. We observed that the effect of ripple depends on its precise timing, which supports the idea that ripples occurring at different phases of SO might serve different functions, particularly in the context of encoding the new and reactivation of the old memories during memory consolidation. The study revealed complex bidirectional interaction of SWRs and SO in which early hippocampal ripples influence transitions to Up-state, while cortical Up-states control occurrence of the later ripples, which in turn influence transition to Down-state.
Characteristic spectral features of the polarized fluorescence of human\n breast cancer in the wavelet domain (2012)

Wavelet transform of polarized fluorescence spectra of human breast tissues\nis found to localize spectral features that can reliably differentiate normal\nand malignant tissue types. The intensity differences of parallel and\nperpendicularly polarized fluorescence spectra are subjected to investigation,\nsince the same is relatively free of the diffusive background. A number of\nparameters, capturing spectral variations and subtle changes in the diseased\ntissues in the visible wavelength regime, are clearly identifiable in the\nwavelet domain. These manifest both in the average low pass and high frequency\nhigh pass wavelet coefficients.\n
Screening for Cardiovascular Safety:  A Structure−Activity Approach for Guiding Lead Selection of Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Antagonists (2006)

An inactin-anesthetized rat cardiovascular (CV) assay was employed in a screening mode to triage multiple classes of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists. Lead identification was based on a compound profile producing high drug concentration in both plasma (>40 μM) and brain (>20 μg/g) with <15% change in cardiovascular endpoints. As a result of these stringent requirements, lead optimization activities on multiple classes of MCHr1 antagonists were terminated. After providing evidence that the cardiovascular liabilities were not a function of MCHr1 antagonism, continued screening identified the chromone-substituted aminopiperidine amides as a class of MCHr1 antagonists that demonstrated a safe cardiovascular profile at high drug concentrations in both plasma and brain. The high incidence of adverse cardiovascular effects associated with an array of MCHr1 antagonists of significant chemical diversity, combined with the stringent safety requirements for antiobesity drugs, highlight the importance of incorporating cardiovascular safety assessment early in the lead selection process.
Sierra (2011)

Online services hosted in data centers show significant diurnal variation in load levels. Thus, there is significant potential for saving power by powering down excess servers during the troughs. However, while techniques like VM migration can consolidate computational load, storage state has always been the elephant in the room preventing this powering down. Migrating storage is not a practical way to consolidate I/O load.
Epidemiology of HIV among US Air Force Military Personnel, 1996–2011 (2015)

The highest risk of HIV infection in the USAF was among young unmarried deployment-naïve males, especially those in higher risk occupation groups. In an era when worldwide military operations have increased, these analyses identified potential areas where targeted HIV prevention efforts may be beneficial in reducing HIV incidence in the USAF military population.
A Preliminary Report of the Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Infants with Clubfoot: Four Case Studies (2000)

This report describes the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in four infants with very severe clubfoot deformity. The gastrocnemius and posterior tibial muscles were injected with BTX-A after the patients reached a treatment plateau in physical therapy. Significant improvement in foot dorsiflexion and foot flexibility was seen in two patients, and surgery was not required. Surgical intervention was necessary in the remaining two patients, both of whom were ultimately diagnosed with a demyelinating neuropathy. The use of botulinum toxin as an adjunct to conservative care in infants with clubfoot is discussed.
Mesoporous Si-B-N Ceramics from a Single Source Precursor via an Imide Gel (2006)

A silicon boron imide gel BSi3(NH)x(NH2)y(NMe2)z was prepared by an acid catalyzed ammonolysis of [tris(dimethylamino)silylamino] boron B [HNSi(NMe2)3]3. Pyrolysis of the gel at 1000°C under NH3 flow leads to the formation of amorphous silicon boron nitride materials. All the gel and pyrolyzed products exhibit a mesoporous structure with a high-surface-area and narrow-pore-size distribution. The effective surface area of the pyrolyzed silicon boron nitride residues decreases with increasing temperature whereas the pore size of the residues increases as the temperature increases. The pyrolysis process was investigated by use of Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 29Si and 11B solid-state NMR and nitrogen adsorption analyses.
Fluorescent Lights for Turkey Breeders (1958)

WHILE many papers have been published on the use of artificial light to stimulate gonad activity among turkeys out of season, the authors have found only one experiment reported where the fluorescent tube was used as one of the sources of light. Since fluorescent tubes are used as the only source of light in many of the cage laying houses for chickens in this area, the following experiment was conducted to compare a 60-watt incandescent lamp and a 15-watt white fluorescent tube for stimulating egg production in mid-winter. Turkeys were used as the experimental birds since the sexual periodicity is fixed from year to year more in turkeys than in chickens. In this latitude (39°N.) turkeys normally do not begin laying until the first week in March unless provided with artificial light. (Scott and Payne, 1937.) These authors using information previously established by Bissonnette (1932), who worked with starlings, demonstrated . . .
On the Role of Small Amines in Zeolite Synthesis. 2 (2000)

A systematic study explored the ability of small amines to control the zeolites obtained at the high-pH levels typical of crystallizations at SiO2/Al2O3 ratios between 20 and 40. Experiments in the absence of amine showed that mordenite (MOR) was the preferred product at the lowest ratio, and ZSM-5 was the preferred product at the highest SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. However, the addition of C2-, C3-, and C4-alkylamines changed the product dramatically. On addition of ethylamine, ZSM-5 was produced at the lowest SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, and ZSM-35 was the preferred product with C3- and C4-amines. On addition of the largest of the group, tert-butylamine, the product reverted to MOR. With polyamines such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine, ZSM-5 samples were produced having framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratios below 20. The hexane cracking activity of these samples was consistent with their exceptionally high Al content. The cyclic C4- to C6-amines, at both SiO2/Al2O3 extremes, yielded ZSM-35 and MCM-22. Again, with the largest of this amine group, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, the product reverted to mordenite (and ZSM-5). Despite the very high pH of the crystallizations, all of the ZSM-5, ZSM-35, and MCM-22 samples contained charge-balancing protonated amines and were low in Na; that is, they had Na/Al ratios well below unity. The MOR samples were similarly pore-filled with amine, but their Na/Al ratios did not indicate substantial amine protonation, which is consistent with mordenite being the limiting high-pH product in these experiments. Computer simulation was helpful in distinguishing, on the part of amine, between a generally beneficial but structurally nonspecific “pore-fill” role and a structurally specific, “pore-directing” role, the latter leading to preferred crystallization among alternative zeolite frameworks.