gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Ingestion Promotes Innate Host Defense in an Enteric Parasitic Infection (2013)

Enteric parasite infections around the world are a huge economic burden and decrease the quality of life for many people. The use of beneficial bacteria has attracted attention for their potential therapeutic applications in various diseases. However, the effects of beneficial bacteria in enteric parasitic infections remain largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of ingestion of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) in a model of enteric nematode (Trichuris muris) infection. C57BL/6 (resistant to infection), AKR (susceptible to infection), interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO), and mucin Muc2 KO mice were infected with T. muris and treated orally with probiotic JB-1 or medium. The mice were sacrificed on various days postinfection to examine goblet cells, epithelial cell proliferation, cytokines, and worm burdens. Treatment with JB-1 significantly enhanced worm expulsion in resistant C57BL/6 mice, and this was associated with increases in IL-10 levels, goblet cell numbers, and epithelial cell proliferation. Beneficial effects of JB-1 were absent in IL-10 KO and resistant mice treated with γ-irradiated bacteria. Live JB-1 treatment also expedited worm expulsion in Muc2 KO mice and, more importantly, in AKR mice (susceptible to infection). Injection of IL-10 directly into the colonic tissue of uninfected mice induced goblet cell hyperplasia. These findings demonstrate that JB-1 modulates goblet cell biology and promotes parasite expulsion via an IL-10-mediated pathway and provide novel insights into probiotic effects on innate defense in nematode infection.
Design of metamaterials with negative refractive index (2004)

Due to the recent experimental validations of <i>left-handed</i> metamaterials, negative refractive index has now become recognized as a new parameter space for the electromagnetic response of materials. Because materials with negative index behave quite differently than materials with positive index, many familiar electromagnetic phenomena must be reconsidered. Having established now the scientific basis of negative index, the effort of the community is turning toward the practical realization of both the predicted scientific phenomena and associated applications. In both of these pursuits, the ability to design, characterize and fabricate negative index materials is critical; we can consider the current status of negative refraction in some sense a materials issue, as our ability to demonstrate the predicted phenomena is linked to the quality of metamaterials we can produce. In this paper we consider several issues associated with the design and simulation of negative index metamaterials.
Integrated circuit-based instrumentation for microchip capillary electrophoresis (2010)

Although electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection has tremendous potential in lab on chip-based point-of-care disease diagnostics, the wider use of microchip electrophoresis has been limited by the size and cost of the instrumentation. To address this challenge, the authors designed an integrated circuit (IC, i.e. a microelectronic chip, with total silicon area of <0.25 cm2, less than 5 mmx5 mm, and power consumption of 28 mW), which, with a minimal additional infrastructure, can perform microchip electrophoresis with LIF detection. The present work enables extremely compact and inexpensive portable systems consisting of one or more complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips and several other low-cost components. There are, to the authors' knowledge, no other reports of a CMOS-based LIF capillary electrophoresis instrument (i.e. high voltage generation, switching, control and interface circuit combined with LIF detection). This instrument is powered and controlled using a universal serial bus (USB) interface to a laptop computer. The authors demonstrate this IC in various configurations and can readily analyse the DNA produced by a standard medical diagnostic protocol (end-labelled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product) with a limit of detection of approximately 1 ng/microl (approximately 1 ng of total DNA). The authors believe that this approach may ultimately enable lab-on-a-chip-based electrophoretic instruments that cost on the order of several dollars.
The Role of Behavioral Economics in Residential Choice: A Pilot Study Of Travel Patterns, Housing Characteristics, Social Connections, and Subjective Well-Being (2013)

Do people make imperfect decisions about where to live and how to travel? There is some evidence that people may overvalue privacy and material goods like housing and undervalue time for activities and social connections. The authors surveyed 84 individuals, almost all of them university students, before and after a planned move between homes. Respondents answered questions at two points in time about six months apart, before and after moving. They reported ratings of subjective well-being, information on travel patterns, characteristics of homes and neighborhoods, the number and type of social connections, demographics, and significant life events. This working paper describes the survey design and data collection process, and reports on survey results.
High-speed DQPSK chirp spread spectrum system forindoor wireless applications (1998)

A chirp spread spectrum communication link for high-speed indoor wireless systems using a broadband SAW chirp filter is proposed. This system combines the multipath resolving ability of spread spectrum with the diversity of a RAKE-type receiver. Computer simulations and experimental results show nearly ideal performance in multipath fading conditions.
Multiwavelength fiber laser using a multimode elliptical‐core erbium‐doped fiber (2004)

Abstract This paper reports on a fiber laser constructed with an erbium‐doped fiber, which has an elliptical core that is single‐moded along the minor axis and multimoded along the major axis. The laser can simultaneously emit several stable lines at room temperatures. The maximum number of lasing lines obtained depends on the number of modes supported by the erbium‐doped fiber in the cavity. The separation between the lasing lines depends on the fiber birefringence. The principle of operation is based on the anisotropic‐gain effects in a polarization‐maintaining fiber. The stability of the lasing lines, in the presence of anisotropic‐gain effects in a polarization‐maintaining fiber, has been explored. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 124–128, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20227
Effect of radial meniscal tear on in situ forces of meniscus and tibiofemoral relationship (2016)

A radial tear of 100% width involving the rim significantly decreased the in situ force of the lateral meniscus and caused medial shift and valgus rotation of the tibia, whereas a radial tear of up to 66% width produced only little change. The clinical relevance is that loss of meniscal functions due to complete radial tear can lead to abnormal stress concentration in a focal area of cartilage and can increase the risk of osteoarthritis in the future.
Behavior of Methane Hydrate-in-Water Slurries from Shut-in to Flow Restart (2021)

Natural gas hydrates have attracted interest as a potential future energy resource to meet the expected growth in the global energy demand. One of the key challenges to be tackled for commercial production is gas hydrate re-formation in production lines. Such hydrate blockages have been a major concern of flow assurance in the oil and gas industries, and typically occur during start-up, shut-in, and restart operations. This study sheds light on the behavior of methane hydrate slurries in pure water systems under shut-in conditions and their transition to solid blockages during system restart: a key risk factor in gas hydrate production. Flowloop experiments were conducted to measure the critical stress required to restart flow in hydrate slurries, which were accompanied by visual observations using an in-line video camera. A transition from smooth restart to a critical stress requirement was observed at 4–5 vol % of hydrate; visually, this corresponded to complete occupancy of the flow cross section with porous aggregated hydrate particles in a loosely packed network. The critical stress increased with higher hydrate volume fractions per the behavior of yield stress for a general suspension: it was not affected by the shut-in period, suggesting that annealing was not a factor at the volume fractions measured. Further, hydrate blockage occurred in several restart operations at approximately 18 vol % of hydrate even though the video camera had captured partial yielding before the blockage occurred. These results show a progression in slurry behavior as a function of hydrate volume fraction, offering insights into varied mechanisms for blockage formation, and operational strategies to minimize blockage risk.
Synthesis of π-Conjugated 2,2:6′,2″-Terpyridine-Substituted Oligomers Based on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (2013)

Dissymmetric π-conjugated monomers and oligomers incorporating 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units and bearing terpyridine end groups were synthesized in good yields through Vilsmeyer-Haak formylation followed by a reaction with 2-acetylpyridine in basic media or, for the longest oligomers, direct C-H bond arylation. They have a low HOMO-LUMO gap and are easily oxidized at low potentials. Upon complexation with cobalt(II) and iron(II) they yield new hybrid materials that can be used in various applications ranging from photovoltaics to spintronics.
Evidence of Enhanced Iron Excretion During Systemic Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide Treatment (2000)

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides may have therapeutic potential as heavy metal chelators. Low doses of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide facilitated the excretion of iron. Renal clearance of iron-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complexes most likely involves secretion into proximal tubules.
Influence of TIG electrode material on AC TIG arc welding (1989)

(1989). Influence of TIG electrode material on AC TIG arc welding. Welding International: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 26-32.
EXTH-18. CT-179 SELECTIVELY TARGETS OLIG2-POSITIVE GLIOMA STEM CELLS AND DEMONSTRATES POTENT ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2017)

Olig2 is a lineage-specific bHLH transcription factor in normal brain development and has been shown to be a critical oncogene controlling the tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, differentiation and radiation resistance of gliomas, including glioblastoma (GBM). Importantly, Olig2-positive glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) are responsible for the recurrence of disease that occurs in most of the GBM patients. CT-179 is a small molecule (397 kD) that was designed to bind to the dimerization interface of Olig2. Based on comparison to shOlig2 effects in GSCs, the mechanism of action of CT-179 is through modulation of the transcription of Olig2-targeted genes. CT-179 inhibits cellular growth and induces apoptosis of Olig2-expressing GSCs at low nanomolar concentrations (average GI50=154 nM; n=18). CT-179 also causes mitotic catastrophe and a corresponding G2/M arrest of GSCs. The compound is completely water soluble, is nearly 100% orally bioavailable, demonstrates a long duration of pharmacologic action suitable for once daily dosing, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. As such, it achieves therapeutically effective concentrations in the brain. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates a reduction of Olig2-positive cells in tumor bearing animals. CT-179 significantly extends survival of mice implanted orthotopically with patient-derived GSCs. Importantly, CT-179 combined with standard of care temozolomide and radiation dramatically inhibits tumor growth compared to either treatment alone. CT-179 represents a novel agent which selectively targets GSCs with great potential as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of GBM and other gliomas.
[O1–10–06]: ASTROGLIAL ACTIVATION AND ALTERED AMYLOID METABOLISM IN HUMAN REPETITIVE CONCUSSIVE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (2017)

Experimental and postmortem case-control studies suggest that athletes who have been exposed to repetitive concussive traumatic brain injury (rcTBI) are at increased risk of developing brain pathology, including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau pathology, which are also hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no previous studies have quantified these findings in living humans with rcTBI. In the context of AD, numerous studies have shown that reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ (Aβ1–42) concentrations correlate strongly with positive amyloid PET imaging. A total of 47 participants (28 professional athletes with PCS and 19 controls) were assessed with lumbar puncture (median 1.5 years, range 0.25–12 years after last concussion), standard MRI of the brain, and Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). The main outcome measures were CSF concentrations of astroglial activation markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAp] and YKL-40), markers reflecting amyloid precursor protein metabolism (Aβ1–38, Aβ1–40, Aβ42, sAPPα, and sAPPβ) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function (CSF:serum albumin ratio). Nine of the 28 athletes returned to play within a year, while 19 had persistent PCS > 1 year. Athletes with PCS > 1 year had higher RPQ scores and number of concussions than athletes with PCS < 1 year. Median concentrations of GFAp and YKL-40 were higher in athletes with PCS >1 year compared with controls. YKL-40 correlated with RPQ score and the lifetime number of concussions. Athletes with rcTBI had lower concentrations of Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 than controls. The CSF:serum albumin ratio was unaltered. This study suggests PCS due to rcTBI may be associated with biomarker evidence of astroglial activation and Ab dysmetabolism in the brain. There was no clear evidence of Aβ deposition as both Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 were reduced. The CSF:serum albumin ratio was unaltered, suggesting that the BBB is largely intact in PCS.
Hybrid micro-optical system integration by laserbeam soldering (2007)

Longterm stable and high precise interconnections between small optical components and the optomechanical platform are mandatory for the assembly of complex and miniaturized optoelectronical systems. The approach discussed in this paper is to integrate optics and electronics on a common platform that is a ceramic Printed Circuit Board with embedded mounting structures for easy passive alignment of the optical components. Active alignment with higher accuracy can also be used, in both cases laserbeam soldering is the preferred and precise joining technology. Thin solder layers as well as solder bumps are used to create joints with an accuracy <±0.5 &mgr;m, suitable for singlemode coupling applications.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF 4‐ARYLAZOINDOLES (1981)

Abstract Die Reduktion der Arylazo‐5‐hydroxyindole (I) mit Zinkstaub und Essigsäure in Gegenwart von Acetanhydrid und Natriumacetat führt zum Acetylaminoindol (II), während die entsprechenden 5‐Methoxyindole (III) unter den gleichen Bedingungen eine p‐Semidin‐Umlagerung zu Arylaminoderivaten (IV) erleiden.
Technologies for Raising Efficiency in Support Services (2007)

This paper describes Fujitsu Laboratories’ research and development activities for raising efficiency in support services such as those provided by hardware support operation and call centers. Efficiency can be raised by assigning the ap ‑ propriate human resources to support services and enhancing call center agent skills. This paper describes technologies that raise productivity by analyzing the large volume of data concerning customer inquiries and agent responses stored by support services. One of these is a technology for assisting in the creation of problem‑solving knowledge that automatically detects and collects frequently occurring problems and ways of solving them. Another is an agent assignment assistance technology that simulates call center activity and accurately estimates key performance indexes.
Auditory Scene Analysis: The Perceptual Organization of Sound (1994)

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Biological characterization of 2-aminothiazole-derived Cdk4/6 selective inhibitor in vitro and in vivo (2010)

Abnormalities in the p16INK4a/ cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)4, 6/ Retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway frequently occur in various human cancers. Thus, Cdk4/6 is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here we report the biological characterization of a 2-aminothiazole-derived Cdk4/6 selective inhibitor, named Compound A in vitro and in vivo. Compound A potently inhibits Cdk4 and Cdk6 with high selectivity (more than 57-fold) against other Cdks and 45 serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. Compound A inhibits Rb protein (pRb) phosphorylation at Ser780, inhibits E2F-dependent transcription, and induces cell-cycle arrest at G1 in the T98G human glioma cell line. Among 82 human cells derived from various tissues, cell lines derived from hematological cancers (leukemia/lymphoma) tended to be more sensitive to Compound A in cell proliferation assay. Rb-negative cells tended to be insensitive to Compound A, as we had expected. In a nude rat xenograft model, Compound A inhibited pRb phosphorylation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in Eol-1 xenograft tumor at plasma concentration of 510 nM. Interestingly Compound A only moderately inhibited those pharmacodynamic and cell cycle parameters of normal crypt cells in small intestine even at 5 times higher plasma concentration. In F344 rats, Compound A did not cause immunosuppression even at 17 times higher plasma conc. These results suggest that Cdk4/6 selective inhibitors only moderately affects on the cell cycle of normal proliferating tissues and has a safer profile than pan-Cdk inhibitor in vivo.
Evaluation of rAAVrh74 gene therapy vector seroprevalence by measurement of total binding antibodies in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2023)

Measuring total binding antibodies is a more comprehensive approach to assess pre-existing immune response <i>versus</i> measuring neutralizing antibodies alone. The low seroprevalence of total binding antibodies against rAAVrh74 shown here supports the broad applicability of rAAVrh74-based gene transfer therapy for patients with DMD and potentially other neuromuscular diseases.
Uncovering space-independent communities in spatial networks (2011)

Many complex systems are organized in the form of a network embedded in space. Important examples include the physical Internet infrastructure, road networks, flight connections, brain functional networks, and social networks. The effect of space on network topology has recently come under the spotlight because of the emergence of pervasive technologies based on geolocalization, which constantly fill databases with people's movements and thus reveal their trajectories and spatial behavior. Extracting patterns and regularities from the resulting massive amount of human mobility data requires the development of appropriate tools for uncovering information in spatially embedded networks. In contrast with most works that tend to apply standard network metrics to any type of network, we argue in this paper for a careful treatment of the constraints imposed by space on network topology. In particular, we focus on the problem of community detection and propose a modularity function adapted to spatial networks. We show that it is possible to factor out the effect of space in order to reveal more clearly hidden structural similarities between the nodes. Methods are tested on a large mobile phone network and computer-generated benchmarks where the effect of space has been incorporated.
Complete Resequencing of 40 Genomes Reveals Domestication Events and Genes in Silkworm ( Bombyx ) (2009)

A single-base pair resolution silkworm genetic variation map was constructed from 40 domesticated and wild silkworms, each sequenced to approximately threefold coverage, representing 99.88% of the genome. We identified ~16 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms, many indels, and structural variations. We find that the domesticated silkworms are clearly genetically differentiated from the wild ones, but they have maintained large levels of genetic variability, suggesting a short domestication event involving a large number of individuals. We also identified signals of selection at 354 candidate genes that may have been important during domestication, some of which have enriched expression in the silk gland, midgut, and testis. These data add to our understanding of the domestication processes and may have applications in devising pest control strategies and advancing the use of silkworms as efficient bioreactors.
The United States pork niche market phenomenon1 (2006)

After the broad industrialization of the US pork industry, there has been a development of niche markets for export and domestic pork; that is, there is a pork niche market phenomenon. The US pork niche market phenomenon is characterized, and 2 of the major markets are explained in detail. With the Midwest's tradition of a diversified family-based agriculture and record low hog prices of the late 1990s, the conditions were conducive for this phenomenon to develop. Pork niche markets utilize various sales methods including Internet sales, local abattoir sales, direct marketing, farmer networks, and targeting to organized groups. In 2003, there were approximately 35 to 40 active pork niche marketing efforts in Iowa. The Berkshire breed is an example of a swine breed that has had a recent resurgence because of niche markets. Berkshire pork is known for tenderness and excellent quality. Berkshire registrations have increased 4-fold in the last 10 yr. One of the larger niche marketers of "natural pork" is Niman Ranch Pork, which has more than 400 farmer-producers and processes about 2,500 pigs weekly. Many US consumers of pork are interested in issues concerning the environment, food safety, pig welfare, and pig farm ownership and structure. These consumers may be willing to pay more for pork from farmers who are also concerned about these issues. Small- and medium-sized swine farmers are active in pork niche markets. Niche markets claim product differentiation by superior or unique product quality and social attributes. Quality attributes include certain swine breeds, and meat quality, freshness, taste or flavor, and tenderness. Social or credence attributes often are claimed and include freedom from antibiotics and growth promotants; local family farm production; natural, organic, outdoor, or bedded rearing; humane rearing; known origin; environmentally friendly production; and the absence of animal by-products in the feed. Niche pork markets and alternative swine production practices offer an unusual contrast to commodity pork markets and industrial confinement swine production. Because they strive to have these attributes in their product, the niche pork market producers are a distinct clientele group. If niche pork markets continue to flourish, the markets and the producers that supply them will be a viable sector in a diverse US pork industry.
<title>Imaging spectrometer based on white-light interferometry</title> (1993)

Many applications of imaging systems require information about the spectrum of light that forms the scene. One way of deriving spectral information from a source is by calculating the Fourier transform of the temporal coherence function, as measured by a Michelson interferometer. This is the basis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). With a phase-shifting spatial light modulator, it should be possible to construct a two-dimensional array of Michelson interferometers in order to derive independent spectral estimates for each pixel in a natural light image. Realistic constraints on the range of motion of mirror pixel elements will limit the spectral resolution of such a system, but these limits also allow the use of wide aperture imaging optics, and assure that the data processing burden is within the range of current digital technology.