gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid-directed polypeptide chain elongation in a cell-free system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1975)

An in vitro protein-synthesizing system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been made by a modification of the procedure for preparation of the Krebs ascites system. The protein synthetic activity is directed by endogenous messenger. Amino acid incorporation occurs over a broad range of magnesium and potassium concentration, being maximal at 6 and 85 mM, respcetively. The activity of this in vitro system is due to the elongation of polypeptides whose synthesis was initiated in vivo. The cell extract does not initiate synthesis with endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA), since 1 muM pactamycin, which blocks initiation on prokaryotic or eukaryotic ribosomes invitro, fails to decrease amino acid incorporation. Ten micromolar cycloheximide, however, inhibits incorporation by 87%. Moreover, this system is not stimulated by rabbit reticulocyte polysomal RNA, which directs the synthesis of hemoglobin in extracts of Krebs ascites cells. The translation of this messenger is not masked by high endogenous incorporation, because autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing [35-S]methionine-labeled products shows that no hemoglobin is made. Preincubation of this system, which reduces the high endogenous incorporation by 80%, does not increase its capacity to be stimulated by either rabbit reticulocyte RNA or yeast polyriboadenylic acid-containing RNA. Polyuridylic acid, however, does stimulate polyphenylalanine incorporation. The failure of the yeast lysate to be stimulated by or to translate added natural messenger RNA, its insensitivity to low levels of pactamycin but inhibition by cycloheximide, and its relatively high magnesium optimum (the same as that for polyuridylic acid) suggest that it elongates but does not initiate polypeptide chains.
Testing digital/analog and analog/digital converters (1978)

This paper describes several D/A and A/D converter test circuits which range from simple and low-cost to fully automatic and expensive. Methods are presented to measure the more important specifications of offset, gain, full scale, linearity, and differential linearity errors. The discussions focus on, but are not limited to, testing 12-bit converters. Guidelines are given for determining the required accuracy of the measurement standard and for using proper circuit layout and wiring. Part of the test circuits are static and use a DVM as a reference. Other testers are dynamic and use a fast-settling D/A converter as a reference. Many of the circuits are manually operated, but others are automated using a computing controller. The unique characteristics of converters such as the symmetrical error patterns and the dynamic errors are discussed in light of how they relate to the techniques chosen to measure the errors. Part of the test methods assume that the weight of each bit in a converter is completely independent of the on/off state of the other bits (low superposition errors). When superposition errors are not small, they must be considered before choosing a test method. In general, the intent of this paper is to lay enough ground work so that the user of converter products can implement a test system that is both economical and sufficient to produce the desired results.
Exercise and the Antiparkinsonian Response to Levodopa (1987)

The contribution of acute physical exercise to the motor fluctuations occurring in advanced Parkinson's disease was studied in four patients using a standard treadmill protocol. With a constant optimal-dose intravenous levodopa infusion, no changes in plasma drug levels or antiparkinsonian response were observed during or for 60 min following a 35-min exercise period, during which the work load increased from minimal to vigorous. Although an effect of exercise on levodopa absorption from the gastrointestinal tract cannot be excluded, there seems to be no basis on which to implicate acute physical activity, at levels ordinarily experienced by parkinsonian patients, in the pathogenesis of the fluctuations in motor performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Synthesis of Some Novel β‐Lactam Antibiotics and . beta.‐Lactamase Inhibitors (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Atrial Sensed Far‐Field Ventricnlar Signals: A Reassessment (1997)

Accurate detection of the spontaneous far-field ventricular signal may be used to determine the ventricular activation, and hence, the interval from atrial stimulus to the ventricular R wave (AR interval) using a standard atrial pacing lead. This can be useful in developing a physiological atrial rate responsive (AAIR) pacemaker and in further improving DDD(R) pacing algorithms. In order to better characterize the atrial sensed far-field ventricular signal, 200 consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker implantation were studied. The amplitude of the far-field ventricular signal was significantly smaller than that of the atrial deflection. In all recordings, the slew rate of the atrial deflection was larger than that of the far-field ventricular signal. Subdivision of the recordings by electrode position, pocket location, or QRS duration on the surface ECG resulted in significantly different signal characteristics. The amplitude and slew rate of the far-field ventricular signal were significantly smaller in bipolar versus unipolar sensing. Atrial sensed far-field ventricular recordings could also be obtained in the case of ventricular pacing. Our results indicate that accurate sensing of the far-field ventricular signal from an atrial pacing lead is conceivable in most patients. The different signal characteristics in relation to parameters, such as electrode position, sensing mode, and pocket location, may be useful in determining the optimal conditions for signal sensing.
Mechanical and Bone Ingrowth Properties of a Polymer‐Coated, Porous, Synthetic, Coralline Hydroxyapatite Bone‐Graft Materiala (1988)

CHAG, that is, porous hydroxyapatite hydrothermally converted from the calcium carbonate exoskeleton of a coral (genus Goniopora), has been shown to be effective as a scaffold for bone ingrowth. The large pores in the material, however, resulted in low compressive strengths. Compressive testing was performed to assess the changes in mechanical properties by coating the internal surfaces of CHAG with DL-PLA. Plugs of CHAG with thick (3:1 chloroform to DL-PLA by weight), medium (10:1), and thin (30:1) coatings as well as uncoated CHAG were then implanted transcortically in the proximal third of the diaphysis of rabbit tibiae to assess the in vivo response. The mechanical tests demonstrated significantly improved compressive strength, stiffness, and energy absorption for coated specimens compared with uncoated specimens. Coated specimens were not significantly different from canine tibial cancellous bone in strength and stiffness although they achieved only 36% of the energy absorption capacity. Specimens from rabbit tibiae were harvested at 3, 12, and 24 weeks for interface shear strength determination and contralaterally for histological and histomorphometric assessment. At 12 weeks, uncoated CHAG plugs developed an average ultimate interface shear stress of 26.7 MPa compared with 17 MPa for specimens with 30:1 coatings and 8 MPa for specimens with 10:1 and 3:1 coatings. At 24 weeks, there were no significant differences in shear stress between any of the specimens. Histomorphometric assessments showed that the ratio of area fraction of new bone to area fraction of new bone and void space increased from 68-70% for specimens with 3:1 and 10:1 coatings at 3 weeks to 85.5-89.5% at 24 weeks. In comparison, uncoated and 30:1 specimens had area fraction ratios of about 82% at 3 weeks and 93% at 24 weeks. Histologic sections demonstrated direct apposition of new bone to both the coating and the hydroxyapatite as well as degradation of the coating.
Differential Effects of Direct Antagonism of AII Compared to ACE Inhibitors on Serum Potassium Levels and Azotemia in Patients With Severe Congestive Heart Failure (2000)

OBJECTIVES. The present study was undertaken to determine if direct blockade of angiotensin II receptors by losartan potassium as compared to ACE inhibition might result in greater tolerability in patients with congestive heart failure in whom ACE inhibition resulted in hyperkalemia and azotemia. BACKGROUND. Blockade of angiotensin II receptors by losartan potassium may produce similar benefits in congestive heart failure as ACE inhibition. However, some observations suggest losartan potassium may have different effects on renal function than ACE inhibition. METHODS. Five consecutive patients with severe congestive heart failure were identified in whom treatment with ACE inhibition was complicated by hyperkalemia (K>5.7) and azotemia. In three of these patients losartan potassium was substituted for ACE inhibition while losartan potassium was added to treatment with ACE inhibition in the remaining two. The mean of four serial values of potassium, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were compared before and after change in treatment using a two-tailed t test. RESULTS. The addition or substitution of losartan potassium resulted in statistically insignificant reductions in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and a significant reduction in potassium from 5.7+/-0.1 to 4.9+/-0.3, p<0.03. Two patients who had required kayexalate were withdrawn. In all patients, hyperkalemia resolved and did not reoccur. CONCLUSIONS. There appear to be fundamental differences between the effects of losartan potassium and ACE inhibitors on potassium excretion in congestive heart failure patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency. Losartan potassium may also be associated with less azotemia in such patients. These differences may have important clinical implications, particularly in the subset of patients in whom ACE inhibition is poorly tolerated as a result of hyperkalemia and azotemia. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.
Lipoprotein Deprivation Reveals a Cholesterol-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Diffuse Glioma Metabolism (2022)

Poor outcomes associated with diffuse high-grade gliomas occur in both adults and children, despite substantial progress made in the molecular characterisation of the disease. Targeting the metabolic requirements of cancer cells represents an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome the redundancy associated with cell signalling. Cholesterol is an integral component of cell membranes and is required by cancer cells to maintain growth and may also drive transformation. Here, we show that removal of exogenous cholesterol in the form of lipoproteins from culture medium was detrimental to the growth of two paediatric diffuse glioma cell lines, KNS42 and SF188, in association with S-phase elongation and a transcriptomic program, indicating dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis. Interrogation of metabolic perturbations under lipoprotein-deficient conditions revealed a reduced abundance of taurine-related metabolites and cholesterol ester species. Pharmacological reduction in intracellular cholesterol via decreased uptake and increased export was simulated using the liver X receptor agonist LXR-623, which reduced cellular viability in both adult and paediatric models of diffuse glioma, although the mechanism appeared to be cholesterol-independent in the latter. These results provide proof-of-principle for further assessment of liver X receptor agonists in paediatric diffuse glioma to complement the currently approved therapeutic regimens and expand the options available to clinicians to treat this highly debilitating disease.
Evaluation of plectin-1 immunohistochemical staining in human non-small cell lung cancer (2009)

e22118 Background: Plectin-1 (PLEC1), a known scaffolding protein, impacts signaling pathways and has been found to be up-regulated and redistributed to the cell membrane in tumor cells. The redistribution of PLEC1 has shown promise as a novel molecular imaging biomarker in experimental systems. The purpose of this study was to examine the variation of PLEC1 staining in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 142 NSCLC samples from 2001–2003 were obtained from pathology archives and placed into tissue microarray (TMA) format. TMA sections were stained with anti-PLEC1 antibody. A total PLEC1 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining score was obtained by multiplying the intensity of PLEC1 staining, scored 0 through 3, by the percent of tumor cells showing membrane staining, scored 1 for &lt;25%, 2 for 25%-75% and 3 for &gt;75%. The samples were then grouped into low (0–2), intermediate (3–5) or high (6- 9) membrane expression and analyzed for clinical correlations to tumor type and pathological staging. Results: A total of 125 samples were successfully stained for PLEC1. In all NSCLC subgroups, there was variability of PLEC1 staining. Approximately 50% of cases showed intermediate to high staining. There was a trend of lower PLEC1 staining as the tumor stage advanced (p=0.1). There appeared to be no significant variations of PLEC1 staining when compared to gender of the patients. Conclusions: These findings are the first to show that a significant number of human NSCLC exhibit strong expression of PLEC1 in the cell membrane. As this biomarker is being developed for molecular imaging modalities in other tumor types, it may have potential to be of use in the non-invasive detection of disease or therapeutic efficacy monitoring in NSCLC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio fischeri SR5, a Strain Isolated from the Light Organ of the Mediterranean Squid Sepiola robusta (2012)

Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of Vibrio fischeri SR5, a squid symbiotic isolate from Sepiola robusta in the Mediterranean Sea. This 4.3-Mbp genome sequence represents the first V. fischeri genome from an S. robusta symbiont and the first from outside the Pacific Ocean.
Joint routing and multi level data compression for lifetime optimization in wireless sensor networks (2009)

In this paper we present a framework to investigate the effects of tunable data compression on sensor network lifetime. In our framework we integrate tunable data compression with flow balancing to extend the overall system lifetime beyond the lifetime achievable by flow balancing and single level mandatory data compression. Analysis of energy balancing through flow balancing in conjunction with tunable compression, mandatory compression, and no compression strategies reveal that the lifetime achievable with energy balancing with optimal tunable data compression results in significantly longer network lifetimes than the other strategies.
The Impact of HLA and KIR Ligand Mismatching on Unrelated Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Korean Adult Patients (2014)

Korean adult transplant patients with less than 9 of 10 HLA allele matches in the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and DQB1 loci have a higher likelihood of developing acute GVHD (grade II to IV). Impact of KIR ligand status on clinical outcome should be further studied in a larger patient population.
Effect of viewing distance on 3D fatigue caused by viewing mobile 3D content (2013)

With an advent of autostereoscopic display technique and increased needs for smart phones, there has been a significant growth in mobile TV markets. The rapid growth in technical, economical, and social aspects has encouraged 3D TV manufacturers to apply 3D rendering technology to mobile devices so that people have more opportunities to come into contact with many 3D content anytime and anywhere. Even if the mobile 3D technology leads to the current market growth, there is an important thing to consider for consistent development and growth in the display market. To put it briefly, human factors linked to mobile 3D viewing should be taken into consideration before developing mobile 3D technology. Many studies have investigated whether mobile 3D viewing causes undesirable biomedical effects such as motion sickness and visual fatigue, but few have examined main factors adversely affecting human health. Viewing distance is considered one of the main factors to establish optimized viewing environments from a viewer's point of view. Thus, in an effort to determine human-friendly viewing environments, this study aims to investigate the effect of viewing distance on human visual system when exposing to mobile 3D environments. Recording and analyzing brainwaves before and after watching mobile 3D content, we explore how viewing distance affects viewing experience from physiological and psychological perspectives. Results obtained in this study are expected to provide viewing guidelines for viewers, help ensure viewers against undesirable 3D effects, and lead to make gradual progress towards a human-friendly mobile 3D viewing.
Inhibition of cathepsin B reduces β-amyloid production in regulated secretory vesicles of neuronal chromaffin cells: evidence for cathepsin B as a candidate β-secretase of Alzheimer's disease (2005)

The regulated secretory pathway of neurons is the major source of extracellular A beta that accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular A beta secreted from that pathway is generated by beta-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Previously, cysteine protease activity was demonstrated as the major beta-secretase activity in regulated secretory vesicles of neuronal chromaffin cells. In this study, the representative cysteine protease activity in these secretory vesicles was purified and identified as cathepsin B by peptide sequencing. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated colocalization of cathepsin B with A beta in these vesicles. The selective cathepsin B inhibitor, CA074, blocked the conversion of endogenous APP to A beta in isolated regulated secretory vesicles. In chromaffin cells, CA074Me (a cell permeable form of CA074) reduced by about 50% the extracellular A beta released by the regulated secretory pathway, but CA074Me had no effect on A beta released by the constitutive pathway. Furthermore, CA074Me inhibited processing of APP into the COOH-terminal beta-secretase-like cleavage product. These results provide evidence for cathepsin B as a candidate beta-secretase in regulated secretory vesicles of neuronal chromaffin cells. These findings implicate cathepsin B as beta-secretase in the regulated secretory pathway of brain neurons, suggesting that inhibitors of cathepsin B may be considered as therapeutic agents to reduce A beta in AD.
Control of self-reconfigurable parallel robot by coupling open kinematic chains with unactuated joints (2003)

This paper shows a self-reconfigurable planar parallel robot by coupling two 2R open kinematic chains, the first joints of which are unactuated. They can reconfigure to a 5R closed kinematic chain which has the same number of actuators as its degrees of freedom. They can also reconfigure to a 4R closed kinematic chain. We present a dynamic control for the open kinematic chain to move to a target position on the floor without making an impact.
Autoantibodies to Leukocyte αMβ2 Integrin Glycoproteins in HIV Infection (1999)

HIV infection is often associated with polyclonal B-cell activation, autoantibodies, and clinically evident autoimmune disease. Because neutropenia and anti-neutrophil autoantibodies are common clinical features of HIV disease, we studied a series of HIV+ patients to determine whether anti-alphaMbeta2 integrin (MAC-1) specific anti-neutrophil autoantibodies occur in HIV disease, as we have shown to occur in patients with immune neutropenia not associated with HIV. Two new assays specific for anti-alphaMbeta2 IgG were developed to carry out these studies: an ELISA method using affinity-purified alphaMbeta2 integrin protein, and a flow cytometry method using subclones of the 293 human fetal kidney cell line, stably transfected with cDNAs for the alphaM and/or beta2 integrin subunits. In studies of the sera of 20 untreated HIV+ individuals, anti-alphaMbeta2 activity was detected in 9 (45%) by one or the other of these assays and in 5 (25%) by both assays. Seven of the 20 HIV+ study subjects had unexplained neutropenia, and of these, 6 (86%) were positive for anti-alphaMbeta2 autoantibodies. Our findings indicate that anti-alphaMbeta2 integrin autoantibodies are frequent in HIV+ individuals, particularly when unexplained neutropenia is also present, and raise the possibility that these autoantibodies may have a role in the acquired neutrophil dysfunction and increased risk of nonopportunistic bacterial infections observed in HIV disease.
Statistical surface-based morphometry using a non-parametric approach (2005)

We present a novel method of statistical surface-based morphometry based on the use of nonparametric permutation tests. In order to evaluate morphological differences of brain structures, we compare anatomical structures acquired at different times and/or from different subjects. Registration to a common coordinate system establishes corresponding locations and the differences between such locations are modeled as a displacement vector field (DVF). The analysis of DVFs involves testing thousands of hypothesis for signs of statistically significant effects. We randomly permute the surface data among two groups to determine thresholds that control the family wise (type 1) error rate. These thresholds are based on the maximum distribution of the amplitude of the vector fields, which implicitly accounts for spatial correlation of the fields. We propose two normalization schemes for achieving uniform spatial sensitivity. We demonstrate their application in a shape similarity study of the lateral ventricles of monozygotic twins and nonrelated subjects.
Verifiable audit trails for a versioning file system (2005)

We present constructs that create, manage, and verify digital audit trails for versioning file systems. Based upon a small amount of data published to a third party, a file system commits to a version history. At a later date, an auditor uses the published data to verify the contents of the file system at any point in time. Audit trails create an analog of the paper audit process for file data, helping to meet the requirements of electronic record legislation, such as Sarbanes-Oxley. Our techniques address the I/O and computational efficiency of generating and verifying audit trails, the aggregation of audit information in directory hierarchies, and constructing verifiable audit trails in the presence of lost data.