gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective eicosanoid-generating capacity of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected epithelial cells (2010)

Airway neutrophil infiltration is a pathological hallmark observed in multiple lung diseases including pneumonia and cystic fibrosis. Bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa instigate neutrophil recruitment to the air space. Excessive accumulation of neutrophils in the lung often contributes to tissue destruction. Previous studies have unveiled hepoxilin A(3) as the key molecular signal driving neutrophils across epithelial barriers. The eicosanoid hepoxilin A(3) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant produced by epithelial cells in response to infection with P. aeruginosa. The enzyme phospholipase A(2) liberates arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of all eicosanoids, including hepoxilin A(3). Once generated, aracidonic acid is acted upon by multiple cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases producing an array of functionally diverse eicosanoids. Although there are numerous phospholipase A(2) isoforms capable of generating arachidonic acid, the isoform most often associated with eicosanoid generation is cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2)α. In the current study, we observed that the cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2)α isoform is required for mediating P. aeruginosa-induced production of certain eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E(2). However, we found that neutrophil transepithelial migration induced by P. aeruginosa does not require cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2)α. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa-induced hepoxilin A(3) production persists despite cytoplasmic phospholipase A(2)α suppression and generation of the 12-lipoxygenase metabolite 12-HETE is actually enhanced in this context. These results suggest that alterative phospholipase A(2) isoforms are utilized to synthesize 12-lipoxygenase metabolites. The therapeutic implications of these findings are significant when considering anti-inflammatory therapies based on targeting eicosanoid synthesis pathways.
Balancing Flexibility and Interference in Working Memory (2021)

Working memory is central to cognition, flexibly holding the variety of thoughts needed for complex behavior. Yet, despite its importance, working memory has a severely limited capacity, holding only three to four items at once. In this article, I review experimental and computational evidence that the flexibility and limited capacity of working memory reflect the same underlying neural mechanism. I argue that working memory relies on interactions between high-dimensional, integrative representations in the prefrontal cortex and structured representations in the sensory cortex. Together, these interactions allow working memory to flexibly maintain arbitrary representations. However, the distributed nature of working memory comes at the cost of causing interference between items in memory, resulting in a limited capacity. Finally, I discuss several mechanisms used by the brain to reduce interference and maximize the effective capacity of working memory.
Voltage sag and unbalance generator for power quality testing of adjustable speed drives (2013)

Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) experience several power quality events occurring on the AC line - the most common are voltage sags and interruptions, and voltage unbalance. ASD manufacturers test the immunity of AC drives to voltage sags, to conform to the requirements of SEMI F47-0706 and IEC 61000-4-34 standards. Immunity to voltage unbalance is required to conform to the IEC 61800-3 standard. In this paper, voltage sag and unbalance generator topologies are derived from previously proposed voltage sag correctors. Control methods are also proposed for the new topologies, for applications to ASD power quality immunity testing.
CLASSIFICATION OF PANCREATIC CYSTIC LESIONS USING SELDI‐TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY (2007)

In this preliminary study we used SELDI-TOF MS to identify protein expression profiles of pancreatic cyst fluid, showing a potential to aid in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions.
The a3 Isoform of the 100-kDa V-ATPase Subunit Is Highly but Differentially Expressed in Large (≥10 Nuclei) and Small (≤5 Nuclei) Osteoclasts (2003)

Osteoclasts dissolve bone through acidification of an extracellular compartment by means of a multimeric vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). In mammals, there are four isoforms of the 100-kDa V-ATPase "a" subunit. Mutations in the a3 isoform result in deficient bone resorption and osteopetrosis, suggesting that a3 has a unique function in osteoclasts. It is thus surprising that several studies show a basal level of a3 expression in most tissues. To address this issue, we have compared a3 expression in bone with expression in other tissues. RNA blots revealed that the a3 isoform was expressed highest in bone and confirmed its expression (in decreasing order) in liver, kidney, brain, lung, spleen, and muscle. In situ hybridization on bone tissue sections revealed that the a3 isoform was highly expressed in multinucleated osteoclasts but not in mononuclear stromal cells, whereas the a1 isoform was expressed in both cell types at about the same level. We also found that a3 expression was greater in osteoclasts with 10 or more nuclei as compared with osteoclasts with five or fewer nuclei. We hypothesize that these differences in a3 expression may be associated with previously demonstrated differences between large and small osteoclasts with reference to their resorptive activity.
Mechanical property degradation of X80 pipeline steel due to microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by Desulfovibrio vulgaris (2022)

Apart from pinhole leaks, MIC (microbiologically influenced corrosion) can also cause catastrophic failures such as pipe ruptures and support beam collapses due to mechanical property degradation or stress corrosion cracking. In this work, X80 pipeline steel dogbone coupons and square coupons were immersed in 150 ml broths containing <i>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</i>, a common corrosive sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB), for up to 14 days. The headspace volumes in the anaerobic bottles were increased from 150 ml to 200 ml and 300 ml to increase MIC severity. After 14 days of SRB incubation in ATCC 1249 culture medium with X80 coupons at 37°C, the sessile cell counts were 6.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells cm<sup>-2</sup> for 150 ml, 2.3 × 10<sup>8</sup> cells cm<sup>-2</sup> for 200 ml and 1.4 × 10<sup>9</sup> cells cm<sup>-2</sup> for 300 ml headspace volumes, respectively owing to reduced H<sub>2</sub>S cytotoxicity in the broth with a larger headspace because it allowed more biogenic H<sub>2</sub>S to escape from the broth. Weight losses were 1.7 mg cm<sup>-2</sup>, 1.9 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> and 2.3 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> for 150 ml, 200 ml and 300 ml headspace volumes, respectively. The corresponding pit depths were 2.6 μm, 4.2 μm and 6.2 μm for 150 ml, 200 ml and 300 ml headspace volumes, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization results corroborated the increasing weight loss and pitting data trends as a result of increased headspace. Tensile testing of dogbone coupons after the 14-day SRB immersion test indicated that more severe MIC pitting led to a higher ultimate strain loss by up to 23% (300 ml headspace) compared to the abiotic control, while the ultimate strength losses for all headspace volumes were quite small (3% and lower).
Application of wide-gap semiconductors to surface ionization: Work functions of AlN and SiC single crystals (1984)

For surface ionization purposes, a study of the work functions of SiC and AlN, both refractory wide-gap semiconductors, has been undertaken. Work function measurements have been performed in the 300–1600-K range using the Shelton retarding field method. Surface cleaning was carried out by heating in uhv to a high temperature using of a cw CO2 laser. Both n- and p-type 6H SiC single crystals with extreme bulk doping levels were investigated. For each doping type, the work functions have been found to be temperature independent. They exhibit only a slight variation from the n to the p type (4.75 and 4.85 eV, respectively) giving evidence, as in the case of Ge and Si, of Fermi level pinning at the surface by the intrinsic surface states. For an n-type AlN single crystal, the work function, measured in the high temperature range, remains constant as the temperature varies. The value of 5.35 eV obtained for AlN makes it a most attractive material for positive surface ionization applications.
Origin and Differentiation of Lymphocytes Involved in the Secretory IgA Response (1977)

The humoral immunity manifest at mammalian mucosal surfaces is most often due to the presence there of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies. This isotype of antibody commonly confers protection against pathogens by simply complexing with toxins or viruses and preventing their attachment to target cells or by combining with certain surface antigens of bacteria and thus decreasing their adherence to and colonization of mucosal epithelium (see Smith et al. 1966; Freter 1970; Gibbons 1974; Ogra et al. 1975). Local synthesis of IgA antibodies proximal to where they appear in secretions at mucosal surfaces or in the lumen of exocrine gland ducts has been inferred from the abundance of IgA-containing plasma cells in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract (Crabbé et al. 1965; Crandall et al. 1967), in bronchial and nasal mucosae, and in the interstitia of submaxillary, parotid, lacrimal, and mammary glands (Tomasi et al. 1965; O'Daly and Cebra...
Polyphenol-rich extract induces apoptosis with immunogenic markers in melanoma cells through the ER stress-associated kinase PERK (2019)

Polyphenols elicit antitumor activities, in part, through the induction of anti- or pro-oxidant effects in cancer cells which promote priming of protective anti-tumor immunity. We recently characterized a polyphenol-rich extract from <i>Caesalpinia spinosa</i> (P2Et) that stimulates in vivo antitumor responses against breast and melanoma tumor models via the promotion of immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD). However, the primary mediators whereby P2Et promotes ICD remained unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the role that severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays in mediating P2Et-induced apoptosis and ICD in murine melanoma cells. Our findings demonstrate a substantial selective induction of specific ER-stress mediators in B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with P2Et. While knockout of the ER stress-associated PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) prevented induction of apoptosis and expression of ICD markers in P2Et-treated cells, deletion of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) did not. P2Et-driven activation of PERK in melanoma cells was found to promote ER-calcium release, disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, and trigger upregulation of ICD drivers, surface calreticulin expression, and extracellular release of ATP and HMGB1. Notably, calcium release inhibition, but not targeting of PERK-driven integrated stress responses, prevented P2Et-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results underline the central role of PERK-directed calcium release in mediating the antitumor and immunogenic actions of P2Et in melanoma cells.
Triggered Electromyographic Threshold for Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Placement (1995)

Triggered electromyographic stimulation is a valuable aid to determine appropriate placement of pedicle screws. We recommend the following interpretation of threshold stimulus intensity: > 8 mA--screw entirely in the pedicle; 4.0-8.0 mA--potential for pedicle wall defect; < 4.0 mA--strong likelihood of pedicle wall defect with potential for nerve root and dura contact.
Self-amplified optical pattern-recognition technique (1992)

A self-amplified optical pattern-recognition technique that utilizes a photorefractive crystal as a real-time volume holographic filter with recording accomplished by means of laser beams of proper polarization and geometric configuration is described. After the holographic filter is recorded, it can be addressed with extremely weak object beams and an even weaker reference beam to obtain a pattern-recognition signal. Because of beam-coupling energy transfer from the input object beam to the diffracted beam, the recognition signal is greatly amplified. Experimental results of this technique using BaTiO(3) crystal show that 5 orders of magnitude of amplification of a recognition signal can be obtained.
Evaluation of blends of natural rubber and hydrogenated nitrile rubber containing chemically modified natural rubber (2008)

AbstractAbstractBlends of natural rubber (NR) and hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) have been evaluated with emphasis on dichlorocarbene modified natural rubber (DCNR), a chemically modified form of natural rubber as an interface modifier. The blend characterisation studies by IR spectroscopy, DSC and SEM techniques revealed the interaction of DCNR with the blend constituents. The modified blend exhibited overall improved mechanical properties. The improvement in aging resistance of the blends showed that the degradation resistance of NR could be significantly improved with respect to heat, oil and ozone by blending with HNBR and modifying with 7 parts of DCNR containing 15% chlorine.Keywords: ELASTOMERIC BLENDSNATURAL RUBBERHYDROGENATED NITRILE RUBBERDICHLOROCARBENE MODIFIED NATURAL RUBBER
Storage and on-demand release of microwaves using superconducting resonators with tunable coupling (2014)

We present a system which allows to tune the coupling between a superconducting resonator and a transmission line. This storage resonator is addressed through a second, coupling resonator, which is frequency-tunable and controlled by a magnetic flux applied to a superconducting quantum interference device. We experimentally demonstrate that the lifetime of the storage resonator can be tuned by more than three orders of magnitude. A field can be stored for 18 μs when the coupling resonator is tuned off resonance and it can be released in 14 ns when the coupling resonator is tuned on resonance. The device allows capture, storage, and on-demand release of microwaves at a tunable rate.
Privacy is a process, not a PET (2012)

Privacy research has not helped practitioners -- who struggle to reconcile users' demands for information privacy with information security, legislation, information management and use -- to improve privacy practice. Beginning with the principle that information security is necessary but not sufficient for privacy, we present an innovative layered framework - the Privacy Security Trust (PST) Framework - which integrates, in one model, the different activities practitioners must undertake for effective privacy practice. The PST Framework considers information security, information management and data protection legislation as privacy hygiene factors, representing the minimum processes for effective privacy practice. The framework also includes privacy influencers - developed from previous research in information security culture, information ethics and information culture - and privacy by design principles. The framework helps to deliver good privacy practice by providing: 1) a clear hierarchy of the activities needed for effective privacy practice; 2) delineation of information security and privacy; and 3) justification for placing data protection at the heart of those activities involved in maintaining information privacy. We present a proof-of-concept application of the PST Framework to an example technology -- electricity smart meters.
Fatal Spirochetosis Due to a Relapsing Fever-like Borreliasp. in a Northern Spotted Owl (2002)

Acute septicemic spirochetosis was diagnosed in an adult male northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) found dead in Kittitas County, Washington, USA. Gross necropsy findings included marked enlargement of the liver and spleen and serofibrinous deposits on the serous membranes lining the body cavities and the pericardial and perihepatic sacs. Microscopic observations included macrophage infiltration in the liver and spleen with mild thrombosis and multifocal necrosis, as well as hemorrhage and acute inflammation in the choroid plexus of the brain. No viruses or pathogenic bacteria were isolated from brain, liver, or spleen, and no parasites were found in blood smears or impression smears of the liver. Chlamydial culture attempts were unsuccessful and no chlamydial antibodies were detected in serum. In silver-stained microscopic sections and by transmission electron microscopy of liver, numerous long, thin, spiral-shaped bacteria were seen in the liver, spleen, cerebral ventricles, and within blood vessels in many organs. The organism was identified as a member of the Borrelia genus by sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. The most closely related species is B. hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever in humans in the western United States. This is the first report of a relapsing fever-related Borrelia in a wild bird.
The health impact assessment of particulate pollution in Brisbane using PM10 criteria (1991)

This paper examines PM10 data collected in Brisbane and presents the results of models which predict the spatial distribution of PM10 long-term mean data and annual 24-hour maxima for the region. The results indicate that suggested health standards for PM1o are only violated near quarry sites but nowhere else. This contradicts previous health impact assessments which used TSP health standards and found particulate pollution problems to be more widespread. The health impact assessment using PM10 criteria differs significantly from the analysis using TSP criteria for sites near busy roads.
Adhesion of Lactobacillus amylovorus to Insoluble and Derivatized Cornstarch Granules (1991)

Approximately 70% of the cells in a suspension of the amylolytic bacterium Lactobacillus amylovorus bind to cornstarch granules within 30 min at 25 degrees C. More than 60% of the bound bacteria were removed by formaldehyde (2%) or glycine (1 M) at pH 2.0. More than 90% of the bound bacteria were removed by MgCl(2) (2 M; pH 7.0). Binding of L. amylovorus to cornstarch was inhibited in heat-killed cells and in cells that had been pretreated with glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, sodium azide, trypsin, or 1% soluble potato starch. Bacterial binding to cornstarch appeared to correlate with both the concentration of cornstarch in the suspension and the amylose content in the granules. The ability of L. amylovorus to adhere to cornstarch granules was reduced for granules that had been extracted with HCl-ethanol, HCl-methanol, HCl-propanol, or HCl-butanol. Chemical derivatization of cornstarch resulted in a wide variety of adhesion responses by these bacteria. For example, 2-O-butyl starch (degree of substitution, 0.09) enhanced adhesion, whereas two palmitate starches (degree of substitution, 0.48 and 0.09) exhibited reduced adhesion activities. 2-O-(2-hydroxybutyl) starch and starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) ester showed adhesion activities similar to those of the nonderivatized starch controls.
One Pathway Can Incorporate either Adenine or Dimethylbenzimidazole as an α-Axial Ligand of B 12 Cofactors in Salmonella enterica (2007)

Corrinoid (vitamin B12-like) cofactors contain various alpha-axial ligands, including 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) or adenine. The bacterium Salmonella enterica produces the corrin ring only under anaerobic conditions, but it can form "complete" corrinoids aerobically by importing an "incomplete" corrinoid, such as cobinamide (Cbi), and adding appropriate alpha- and beta-axial ligands. Under aerobic conditions, S. enterica performs the corrinoid-dependent degradation of ethanolamine if given vitamin B12, but it can make B12 from exogenous Cbi only if DMB is also provided. Mutants isolated for their ability to degrade ethanolamine without added DMB converted Cbi to pseudo-B12 cofactors (having adenine as an alpha-axial ligand). The mutations cause an increase in the level of free adenine and install adenine (instead of DMB) as an alpha-ligand. When DMB is provided to these mutants, synthesis of pseudo-B12 cofactors ceases and B12 cofactors are produced, suggesting that DMB regulates production or incorporation of free adenine as an alpha-ligand. Wild-type cells make pseudo-B12 cofactors during aerobic growth on propanediol plus Cbi and can use pseudo-vitamin B12 for all of their corrinoid-dependent enzymes. Synthesis of coenzyme pseudo-B12 cofactors requires the same enzymes (CobT, CobU, CobS, and CobC) that install DMB in the formation of coenzyme B12. Models are described for the mechanism and control of alpha-axial ligand installation.
Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Population Relationships to Cotton and Lint Stickiness in Long and Short Staple Cottons (1998)

Journal Article Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Population Relationships to Cotton and Lint Stickiness in Long and Short Staple Cottons Get access T. J. Henneberry, T. J. Henneberry 1 Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Pacific West Area, 4135 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040-8803 1Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Forlow L. Jech, Forlow L. Jech 1 Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Pacific West Area, 4135 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040-8803 1Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. Hendrix, D. L. Hendrix 1 Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Pacific West Area, 4135 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040-8803 1Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Phoenix, AZ. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. E. Brusrwood D. E. Brusrwood 2 Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Pacific West Area, 4135 East Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040-8803 2Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA-ARS, Clemson, SC. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 91, Issue 5, 1 October 1998, Pages 1196–1207, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.5.1196 Published: 01 October 1998
Adenyl Cyclase Activity of Spleen Cells Exposed to Immunoenhancing Synthetic Oligo- and Polynucleotides (1971)

Abstract Indirect evidence (1) indicates that cells responding to antigenic stimulation, like cells responding to hormone stimulation, may be activated by events that are mediated by adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The stimulation of antibody formation by cAMP, coupled with the capacity of theophylline, a stabilizer of cAMP levels, to magnify poly A:poly U-induced stimulation of specific antibody responses strongly suggested that an activation of adenyl cyclase, converting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cAMP, may take place following the interaction of antigen with appropriate recognition sites on membranes of immunocompetent cells (1). This conclusion was supported by the finding that cAMP can stimulate thymocytes (2) and human peripheral lymphocytes (3), and that phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a nonspecific activator of lymphocytes, increases adenyl cyclase activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to PHA in vitro (4). We have now collected direct evidence for increased adenyl cyclase activity in mouse spleen cells exposed in vitro to breakdown products of synthetic polynucleotides, which are known to be potent stimulators of specific immune responses in vivo and in vitro (5).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐ACETYLPYRIDINE THIOSEMICARBAZONES. 7. DERIVATIVES OF 2‐ACETYLQUINOLINE AS POTENTIAL ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS (1984)

Abstract In Analogie zu entsprechenden, bekannten Pyridinderivaten werden ausgehend von Acetylchinolin (I) über den Dithioester(III) die Thiosemicarbazone (V) dargestellt, wobei im Falle von (Vb) das Thiadiazol (VI) als Nebenprodukt beobachtet wird.