gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Uncertainty Quantification in End-to-End Autonomous Driving Control (2018)

A rise in popularity of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), attributed to more powerful GPUs and widely available datasets, has seen them being increasingly used within safety-critical domains. One such domain, self-driving, has benefited from significant performance improvements, with millions of miles having been driven with no human intervention. Despite this, crashes and erroneous behaviours still occur, in part due to the complexity of verifying the correctness of DNNs and a lack of safety guarantees. In this paper, we demonstrate how quantitative measures of uncertainty can be extracted in real-time, and their quality evaluated in end-to-end controllers for self-driving cars. To this end we utilise a recent method for gathering approximate uncertainty information from DNNs without changing the network's architecture. We propose evaluation techniques for the uncertainty on two separate architectures which use the uncertainty to predict crashes up to five seconds in advance. We find that mutual information, a measure of uncertainty in classification networks, is a promising indicator of forthcoming crashes.
Near-infrared luminescence of bismuth in fluorine-doped-core silica fibres (2015)

Photoluminescence spectra and decay kinetics of bismuth inclusions in silica optical fibres containing fluorine additive in the core glass are studied in the vicinity of a wavelength of 1420 nm at temperatures of 80-900 K under a continuous wave (CW) and a pulsed diode laser pump at a wavelength of 808 nm. At high fluorine concentration and low temperatures, luminescence decay kinetics becomes essentially bi-exponential, typical lifetimes being 720 and 1200 µs. Hydrogen and deuterium loading at pressures of up to 125 bar leads to a decrease of the steady-state luminescence intensity and lifetime. We attribute this to the appearance of an energy transfer bridge from bismuth clusters to vibrational degrees of freedom of diatomic molecules. It is found that in the presence of H(2) or D(2) molecules experiencing random walking in silica, luminescence decay kinetics stop following a single exponential function even in fluorine-free silica-core fibre, deviation from the single exponent being greater at higher temperatures. The induced quenching rate increases with the increase of temperature as well and is greater for H(2) molecules. All conditions being equal, the equilibrium concentration of hydrogen molecules is greater in heavily fluorinated silica. At temperatures below ~250 K, the presence of dissolved molecules has no effect, which speaks for the primary importance of having rotational degrees of freedom of migrating interstitial diatomic molecules in an excited state for effective quenching of bismuth electronic excitations. It is found that the influence of dissolved deuterium is weaker than that of hydrogen. We attribute this feature to a greater angular momentum of the D(2) molecule and correspondingly smaller energy of the molecule's rotational quantum. The results of the experiments show that bismuth clusters mainly located in voids of the silica network, rather than bismuth point defects, are responsible for near-infrared luminescence.
Linear Nearest Neighbor Synthesis of Reversible Circuits by Graph Partitioning (2011)

Linear Nearest Neighbor (LNN) synthesis in reversible circuits has emerged as an important issue in terms of technological implementation for quantum computation. The objective is to obtain a LNN architecture with minimum gate cost. As achieving optimal synthesis is a hard problem, heuristic methods have been proposed in recent literature. In this work we present a graph partitioning based approach for LNN synthesis with reduction in circuit cost. In particular, the number of SWAP gates required to convert a given gate-level quantum circuit to its equivalent LNN configuration is minimized. Our algorithm determines the reordering of indices of the qubit line(s) for both single control and multiple controlled gates. Experimental results for placing the target qubits of Multiple Controlled Toffoli (MCT) library of benchmark circuits show a significant reduction in gate count and quantum gate cost compared to those of related research works.
Breaking of the Similarity Principle in Markov Generators of Low Density Limit Type and the Role of Degeneracies in the Landscape of Invariant States (2020)

The similarity principle is an extension of the principle of thermal relaxation that naturally arises in the stochastic limit of quantum theory. We construct examples of Low Density Limit (LDL) generators, associated to an environment state in equilibrium at inverse temperature β, which admit non-(β, H S )-equilibrium states. We prove that in some cases, the attraction domain of the (β, H S )-equilibrium state is empty. This means that the similarity principle, in its original thermodynamical formulation, can be broken in the LDL limit. This result is obtained as a consequence of a more general phenomenon: the role of degeneracies in the spectrum of the Liouvillian of the system Hamiltonian associated to the generator. We start from the definition of LDL type generators given in [5] and we introduce a finer classification of these generators based on the above degeneracies. The simplest subclass, called 2-generic, is a nontrivial extension of the generators associated to the so-called Λ and V configurations, widely used in quantum optics and involving 2 levels of the system Hamiltonian. Since each 2-generic block involves 3 or 4 levels of the system Hamiltonian we expect that they can reveal some interesting new physical phenomenon, as it happened in the 2-level case. In the last section, we restrict our attention to a 3-level system with a Hamiltonian that is associated to a class of 2-generic LDL generators. Finally, we prove that, for some LDL generators in this class the statement formulated at the beginning holds true.
Establishment of a Secondary Screening Assay for P/Q-Type Calcium Channel Blockers (2013)

Development of calcium channel blockers is attractive, but has in the past been hampered by lack of high throughput electrophysiological technology. This limitation has been overcome by the implementation of automated patch clamp systems that allow identification of state-dependent compounds, which preferentially target pathologically overactive channels. We recently presented a fluorescence-based high-throughput screen for P/Q-type calcium channels followed by automated electrophysiology. Here, we provide a detailed description of the development of the secondary screen, and show the full analysis of the inactivation kinetics of the recombinant P/Q channel that served as a basis for the automated patch clamp protocol. Increasing the length of pre-depolarization shifted the inactivation to more hyperpolarized potentials. No steady-state inactivation was reached up to pre-depolarization durations of 3 min, while stability of the recordings progressively declined. As a compromise, a 3s pre-depolarization protocol was proposed for functional screening. In order to validate the electrophysiological screening, we compared kinetics and pharmacology of recombinant P/Q-type channels between automated and manual patch clamp measurements. Channel activation was similar under both conditions. By contrast, inactivation occurred at more hyperpolarized potentials in the automated system. Therefore, P/Q-type calcium channel inactivation is sensitive to the applied technological platform and needs to be adjusted when performing automated patch clamp recordings. Our results indicate that a thorough analysis of the inactivation kinetics is mandatory, when establishing an electrophysiological screening protocol for calcium channel blockers. As some data obtained by automated recordings may not be identical to manual patch clamp analysis, we recommend a proper initial validation of the screening assay and--if necessary--a posthoc adjustment of automated patch clamp values. The protocol presented here supports hit-to-lead and lead optimization efforts during the development of novel P/Q-type calcium channel blockers, and may be valuable for the generation of assays in other ion channel programs.
Structural Analysis of Fungal Cerebrosides (2011)

Of the ceramide monohexosides (CMHs), gluco- and galactosyl-ceramides are the main neutral glycosphingolipids expressed in fungal cells. Their structural determination is greatly dependent on the use of mass spectrometric techniques, including fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization, and energy collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry. Nuclear magnetic resonance has also been used successfully. Such a combination of techniques, combined with classical analytical separation, such as high-performance thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, has led to the structural elucidation of a great number of fungal CMHs. The structure of fungal CMH is conserved among fungal species and consists of a glucose or galactose residue attached to a ceramide moiety containing 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine with an amidic linkage to hydroxylated fatty acids, most commonly having 16 or 18 carbon atoms and unsaturation between C-3 and C-4. Along with their unique structural characteristics, fungal CMHs have a peculiar subcellular distribution and striking biological properties. Fungal cerebrosides were also characterized as antigenic molecules directly or indirectly involved in cell growth or differentiation in Schizophyllum commune, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pseudallescheria boydii, Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Besides classical techniques for cerebroside (CMH) analysis, we now describe new approaches, combining conventional thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry, as well as emerging technologies for subcellular localization and distribution of glycosphingolipids by secondary ion mass spectrometry and imaging matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight.
Performance evaluation of a 2-stage CO2 heat pump cycle heat generator. (2007)

Because of its low critical temperature, carbon dioxide refrigerant is especially suitable for a heat pump cycle with high heat rejecting temperature, such as a water heater or a central heating boiler. The authors have been developing residential CO2 heat pump space heating system for cold regions. However, the water temperature returned from the panel radiators is not so low. So, a simple CO2 heat pump can't achieve enough heating capacity and high COP at low ambient temperature. In the 2-stage heat pump cycle (gas injection cycle using 2-stage compressor), both the heating capacity and the COP are much improved compared with simple cycle, with high water temperature and at low ambient temperature. The authors measured the heating capacity and the COP of the heat pump heat generator unit. Conclusions: the 2-stage heat pump cycle improves heating capacity by 50%, COP by 22%, at ambient temperature -20°C. And also it improves the annual average COP by 11%, considering the climate condition in cold region in Japan. It is possible that a compact and efficient CO2 heat pump heat generator replace conventional boiler and reduce residential energy consumption in cold region.
Recent Advances in Beam Optics Analyzer (2020)

Recent advances in Beam Optics Analyzer include anisotropic materials implemented within the finite element framework, higher order interpolation for thermal and stress analyses, and smoother, more efficient shapelets method to construct current density on 3D surfaces
Program fracture and recombination for efficient automatic code reuse (2015)

We present a new code transfer technique, program fracture and recombination, for automatically replacing, deleting, and/or combining code from multiple applications. Benefits include automatic generation of new applications incorporating the best or most desirable functionality developed anywhere, the automatic elimination of errors and security vulnerabilities, effective software rejuvenation, the automatic elimination of obsolete or undesirable functionality, and improved performance, energy efficiency, simplicity, analyzability, and clarity. The technique may be particularly appropriate for high performance computing. The field has devoted years of effort to developing efficient (but complex) implementations of standard linear algebra operations with good numerical properties. At the same time these operations also have very simple but inefficient implementations, often with poor numerical properties. Program fracture and recombination allows developers to work with the simple implementation during development and testing, then use program fracture and recombination to automatically find and deploy the most appropriate implementation for the hardware platform at hand. The benefits include reduced implementation effort, increased code clarity, and the ability to automatically search for and find efficient implementations with good numerical properties.
Theoretical prediction of microgravity ignition delay of polymeric fuels in low velocity flows (2001)

A new flammability apparatus and protocol, FIST (Forced Flow Ignition and Flame Spread Test), is under development. Based on the LIFT (Lateral Ignition and Flame Spread Test) protocol, FIST better reflects the environments expected in spacebased facilities. The final objective of the FIST research is to provide NASA with a test methodology that complements the existing protocol and provides a more comprehensive assessment of material flammability of practical materials for space applications. Theoretical modeling, an extensive normal gravity data bank and a few validation space experiments will support the testing methodology. The objective of the work presented here is to predict the ignition delay and critical heat flux for ignition of solid fuels in microgravity at airflow velocities below those induced in normal gravity. This is achieved through the application of a numerical model previously developed of piloted ignition of solid polymeric materials exposed to an external radiant heat flux. The model predictions will provide quantitative results about ignition of practical materials in the limiting conditions expected in space facilities. Experimental data of surface temperature histories and ignition delay obtained in the KC-135 aircraft are used to determine the critical pyrolysate mass flux for ignition and this value is subsequently used to predict the ignition delay and the critical heat flux for ignition of the material. Surface temperature and piloted ignition delay calculations for Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a Polypropylene/Fiberglass (PP/GL) composite were conducted under both reduced and normal gravity conditions. It was found that ignition delay times are significantly shorter at velocities below those induced by natural convection.
Emerging investigators series: prospects and challenges for high-pressure reverse osmosis in minimizing concentrated waste streams (2018)

If challenges such as mechanical stability, scaling, biofouling and concentration polarization at high pressures are addressed, high-pressure RO could be used to efficiently remove water from high-salinity waste brines as part of a zero-liquid-discharge disposal process.
Vibrations of Plates (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Dynamics of plates Vibrations of rectangular plates Vibrations of circular plates Waves in plates Plates with varying thickness Exercises References
Primary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase deduced from cDNA clones (1989)

The complete amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase was deduced from cDNA clones with a composite length of 3317 bp. An mRNA of 3.6 kb was identified by Northern blot analysis of rabbit skeletal muscle RNA. The mRNA coded for a protein of 734 residues with a molecular weight of 83,480. The deduced NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal sequences corresponded to those reported for the purified protein, indicating the absence of any proteolytic processing. At the nucleotide level, the 5' untranslated and coding regions were 79 and 90% identical for rabbit and human muscle glycogen synthases, whereas the 3' untranslated regions were significantly less similar. The enzymes had 97% amino acid sequence identity. Interestingly, the NH2 and COOH termini of rabbit and human muscle glycogen synthase, the regions of phosphorylation, showed the greatest sequence variation (15 of 19 mismatches and two insertion/deletion events), which may indicate different evolutionary constraints in the regulatory and catalytic regions of the molecule.
Barycenter Self‐Adapting Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Sea Water Wave High‐Entropy Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Forecasting in Marine Meteorology (2022)

Abstract As a high entropy energy (HEE), irregular seawater waves are a promising source of sustainable energy, and the development of matched harvesting technology is imperative to accommodate the new era. Here, a barycenter self‐adapting triboelectric nanogenerator (BSA‐TENG) that addresses these concerns and shows its applications as a distributed power source in isolated waters is reported. Benefitting from the physical gravity‐guided structure design, random vibrational water wave HEE can be effectively converted into rotational mechanical energy and then converted into electric energy. In a nonlinear seawater wave pool, a unit delivers a peak power of 0.1 mW under a load resistance of 500 MΩ when the working frequency is &lt;1 Hz. On this basis, a self‐powered temperature sensor system and wireless signal transmitter have been developed and driven entirely by the BSA‐TENG. This work plays a key role in promoting ocean HEE harvesting and provides a workable way for a self‐powered service system in seawater wave and marine meteorology monitoring and forecasting.
Design of a High-Speed Spherical Four-Bar Mechanism for Use in a Motion Common in Assembly Processes (2007)

In this paper, we present the mechanical design of a spherical four-bar mechanism for performing a motion common in manufacturing and assembly processes. The mechanism is designed to create, in a single, smooth motion, the combined rotation of a body by 90 degrees about one axis with a 90 degree rotation about an axis perpendicular to the first. A spherical four-bar mechanism is pursued as the basis for the design because the reorientation is produced mechanically rather than via a control scheme typical when higher degree of freedom systems are utilized. The design initiates with the kinematic synthesis of the spherical mechanism to guide a body through two orientations. The next step in the design is to refine the spherical fourbar based on manufacturing and operational concerns. As one of the challenges of utilizing these four-bars is tuning the starting and ending angle for the mechanism’s motion, a sensitivity analysis is performed to gauge the needed accuracy. Finally, there are details and a discussion of the proposed mechanical design.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ МИКРОВОЛНОВОГО НАГРЕВА (2016)

There are discussed physical foundations of microwave heating processes of radio-transparent dielectric media. It is analyzed design method of closed chambers of microwave heating with electromagnetic standing waves when excited by incoherent sources. It is provided the information about the samples of the developed equipment of microwave heating. It is formulated the problem of organizing of the production of microwave heating equipment.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline on (2011)

Della Valle, Craig MD; Parvizi, Javad MD; Bauer, Thomas W. MD, PhD; DiCesare, Paul E. MD; Evans, Richard Parker MD; Segreti, John MD; Spangehl, Mark MD; Watters, William C. III MD; Keith, Michael MD; Turkelson, Charles M. PhD; Wies, Janet L. MPH; Sluka, Patrick MPH; Hitchcock, Kristin MSI
Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Flowable Composites and Glass Ionomer Cements to Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies (2021)

<i><b>Background</b></i>: Conventional composites are largely used in pediatric restorative dentistry and demonstrate successful clinical outcomes. However, the need for simplification of operative steps in young or uncooperative children demands reliable alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the in vitro bond strength of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and self-adhesive flowable composites (SFCs) on deciduous teeth. <b><i>Methods</i></b>: A comprehensive literature search according to the PRISMA checklist was manually and electronically performed by two independent reviewers through the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase, to include in vitro studies comparing GICs and SFCs bond strength values of restorations on primary teeth. In addition, three groups of meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. <b><i>Results</i></b>: Three articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and subjected to both qualitative and quantitative assessment. No statistically significant difference was found between SFC versus GIC; however, both groups significantly differed with conventional flowable composites (CFs). <b><i>Conclusions</i></b>: Despite the absence of significant difference in bond strength values, SFCs may be considered a valid alternative to GICs in the restoration of deciduous teeth, although CFs proved better in vitro performances.
Adaptive Blanking as an Innovative Signal Enhancer for GNSS Receivers (2017)

Signal blanking, which consists in setting to zero samples whose power exceeds a specific threshold, is a common signal processing technique used to mitigate strong pulsed interferences in the context of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. In this paper, a way to take benefit from the signal blanking to improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in a pulse-free environment is presented and validated. The analysis of a refined closed-form expression for the SNR has been firstly performed to interpret each constitutive contribution. This has yielded to isolate one specific term responsible for most of the SNR degradations, caused by a symmetry bias in the distribution of the blanked signal. Once this term discarded, the updated analytical expression has shown that blanking can actually significantly augment the SNR in an interference-free context. From those derivations, a “smart adaptive blanking scheme” has been developed. This innovative concept consists in introducing two thresholds (one positive and one negative) for comparison with the received samples. Those thresholds are offset at each sample epoch by the expected value of the tracked signal buried into the noise. As an example, it has been shown that for blanking thresholds set at noise level, the SNR improvement could reach up to 3.5 dB, whereas a reduction of 7 dB would be obtained with a conventional blanking scheme. Those assessments have been also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. Based on those encouraging results, an implementation of the smart adaptive blanker to a Delay Lock Loop has been proposed. The validation has been conducted successively with synthetic and real RF samples processed by an in-house Software Defined Receiver modified for this purpose. These first experimentations covering static and dynamic scenarios have confirmed SNR improvements, equivalent to several dB, and this even in harsh environments (e.g. at low elevations with multipath and shadowing).
ChemInform Abstract: Microsclerodermins C—E, Antifungal Cyclic Peptides from the Lithistid Marine Sponges Theonella sp. and Microscleroderma sp. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.