gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heme/Cu/O2 Reactivity:  Change in FeIII−(O22-)−CuII Unit Peroxo Binding Geometry Effected by Tridentate Copper Chelation (2004)

A new heme-peroxo-copper complex structural type with mu-eta2:eta2 peroxo ligation has been generated utilizing a heterobinucleating ligand with bis(2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl)amine tridentate chelate for copper. Oxygenation of [(2L)FeIICuI]+ (1) at -80 degrees C in CH2Cl2/6%EtCN, 1 (lambdamax, 426, 530 nm) produces [(2L)FeIII-(O22-)-CuII)]+ (3) (lambdamax, 419, 488, 544, 575 nm). Stopped-flow kinetic/spectroscopic probing reveals that a superoxo complex, [(2L)FeIII-(O2-)...CuI(NCEt)]+ (2) (lambdamax = 544 nm), initially forms, k1 = 5.23 +/- 0.09 x 104 M-1 s-1 (-105 degrees C). Subsequent intramolecular reaction of the copper(I) ion in 2 occurs with k2 = 2.74 +/- 0.04 x 101 s-1 (-105 degrees C), producing 3. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (rR) confirms the peroxo assignment for 3; nu(O-O) = 747 cm-1 (Delta(18O2) = -40 cm-1). In an 16O-18O mixed isotope experiment a single band is observed at 730 cm-1. The low nu(O-O) value and the absence of a splitting of the 730 cm-1 band are indicative of a symmetrical binding of the peroxide group in a side-on mu-eta2:eta2 geometry. This conclusion is supported by X-ray absorption spectroscopy on 3. Copper K-edge EXAFS indicates a five-coordinate metal center: 2 N, 2.028(7) A; 2 O, 1.898(7) A; 1 N, 2.171(12) A. An outer-sphere Fe scatterer is found at 3.62(1) A. The iron center K-edge EXAFS fits to either a five- or six-coordinate metal center: 4 N(pyrrole), approximately 2.1 A; 1,2 O, approximately 1.9 A. A preedge feature (Fe(1s) --> Fe(3d) transition) at 7113.2(2) eV resembles that obtained for a eta2-peroxo ferric heme complex, being weaker and at approximately 1.5 eV lower energy than those found in five-coordinate (P)FeIII-X (in C4v symmetry) complexes. Arguments based on rR properties of relevant peroxo compounds also effectively point to the copper(II) ion in 3 as being side-on bound, leading to the very low O-O stretching frequency observed in comparison to those of heme-peroxo species or heme-peroxo-copper complexes with a tetradentate copper chelate. These investigations derive from interest in establishing relevant and/or fundamental O2 chemistry at heme-copper centers, in relation to heme-copper oxidase active-site chemistry.
이온빔 증착법에 의해 제조된 철박막의 미세조직 분석 (2008)

High purity Fe thin films were prepared by the ion beam deposition method with 56Fe+ions on the Si substrate at the room temperature. The Fe thin films were deposited at the ion energy of 50 eV and 100 eV. Microstructural properties were investigated on the atomic scale using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that the Fe thin film obtained with the energy of 50 eV having an excellent corrosion resistance consists of the amorphous layer of~15 nm in thickness and the bcc crystalline layer of about 30 nm in grain size, while the thin film obtained with the energy of 100 eV having a poor corrosion resistance consists of little amorphous layer and the defective crystalline layer. Furthermore the crystal structures and arrangements of the oxide layers formed on the Fe thin films were analyzed by processing of the HRTEM images. It was concluded that the corrosion behavior of Fe thin films relates to the surface morphology and the crystalline structure as well as the degree of purification.
Into polarization control in laser cutting with direct diode lasers (2016)

Laser cutting of metal sheets with direct diode lasers (DDL) has recently proven to be feasible, showing industrial relevant cutting speeds at acceptable cutting quality. Further developments are still required to optimize the cutting performance of such technology before it can be considered as an alternative to CO2 or fiber laser variants. In this paper, laser polarization control is studied as a strategy to enhance the cutting performance of such lasers systems. For this purpose, two DDL sources, with output powers in the range of 750 W, have been installed in an experimental gantry platform which allows an independent control of common cutting parameters (focal point position, stand-of-distance, cutting speed, nozzle opening, gas selection, and gas pressure). Different optical designs and combinations of optical components were used to obtain a set of spatial polarization arrangements, including: linear-, cross-, azimuthal-, and radial-polarizations schemes. A series of experiments on different materials (stainless steel 304 L and 316 L and steel S355) were done to verify the influence of such configurations on laser cutting of metals with both reactive and nonreactive gases. Influence of polarization on the cutting results is found to be very high when cutting with a nonreactive gas, such as nitrogen, while the same effects are less evident when a reactive gas, oxygen, is used. Focal point position and material composition are found to significantly influence the performance obtained with the different polarization schemes. Axes of symmetry of the tested polarization strategies and directionality dependence of the cutting results are taken into account and discussed in this paper, while different strategies are proposed to improve their applicability.
All-optical dynamic modulation of spontaneous emission rate in hybrid optomechanical cavity quantum electrodynamics systems (2019)

Recent nanofabrication technologies have miniaturized optical and mechanical resonators, and have led to a variety of novel optomechanical systems in which optical and mechanical modes are strongly coupled. Here we hybridize an optomechanical resonator with two-level emitters and successfully demonstrate all-optical dynamic control of optical transition in the two-level system by the mechanical oscillation via the cavity quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) effect. Employing copper-doped silicon nanobeam optomechanical resonators, we have observed that the spontaneous emission rate of excitons bound to copper atoms is dynamically modulated by the optically-driven mechanical oscillation within the time scale much shorter than the emission lifetime. The result is explained very well with an analytical model including the dynamic modulation of the Purcell effect and the exciton population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a dynamic modulation of the spontaneous emission rate by mechanical oscillations. Our achievement will open up a novel field of hybrid optomechanical CQED systems in which three body--optical transitions, optical resonance modes, and mechanical resonance modes--are strongly coupled and will pave the way for novel hybrid quantum systems.
Carbachol, Substance P, and Phorbol Ester Promote the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase Cδ in Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells (1995)

The initiation of saliva formation by parotid acinar cells, which comprise the majority of cells in this salivary gland, is initiated by the release of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, substance P) from parasympathetic nerves. In response to substance P and the muscarinic agonist carbachol, two ligands that activate phospholipase C-linked receptors, which stimulate fluid secretion, PKC delta was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. The maximal agonist-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation occurred within seconds of the addition of either agonist and then returned rapidly to a smaller increased level. Phorbol ester also caused a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, which reached a maximal level 5 min after the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and staurosporine. Ionophore-mediated elevation of [Ca2+]i or activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, or insulin receptor did not promote the tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta. These results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation plays a role in early signal transduction events promoted by the activation of muscarinic and substance P receptors and suggests that the tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta has a role in the activation of fluid secretion by neurotransmitters binding to phospholipase C-linked receptors.
Estandarización de un medio de cultivo adecuado para la regeneración de tallos a partir de hojas, utilizando dos variedades colombianas de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). (2000)

Este estudio reporta un sistema de regeneración simple y eficiente a partir de explantes de hoja de Diacol Capira (DC) y Parda Pastusa (PP), dos variedades comerciales de papa cultivadas en Colombia. Un medio único de cultivo es usado tanto para la inducción de callos como para la regeneración de tallos. Se comparó el efecto de diferentes relaciones entre auxinas y citoquininas adicionadas a un medio selectivo para regenerar tallos (4.3 g/L de Sales de Murashige and Skoog (1962), 30 g/L sacarosa, 0.5g/L tiamina, 1 mg/L ácido giberélico, 40mg/L ácido ascórbico y 1.7 g/L fitagel pH 5.7) a partir de explantes de hoja. El análisis de los resultados demostró que todos los explantes de hojas de DC, tratados con zeatina ribósida- ZR (3mg/L), ácido indol -3- acético - AIA (1mg/L) y todos los explantes de hojas de PP tratados con ZR (3 mg/L), regeneraron plántulas fuertes y morfológicamente normales. El medio fue utilizado en posteriores experimentos de transformación genética.
THE CENTRAL ANTI-SEROTONIN ACTIVITY OF ZOTEPINE, A NEW NEUROLEPTIC, IN RATS (1982)

2-Chloro-11-(2-dimethyl-aminoethoxy) dibenzo [b, f] thiepin (zotepine) is a new neuroleptic drug which is structurally different from known neuroleptics. Zotepine, chlorpromazine. propericiazine, and cyproheptadine inhibited hyperthermia induced by dosing with fenfluramine in rats in a warm environment (26—28°C). Fenfluramine is known to induce hyperthermia by mediation of central serotonin. Zotepine had a 10 times or greater potency than chlorpromazine, propericiazine and cyproheptadine in inhibiting the hyperthermia. Thioridazine did not inhibit the hyperthermia, whereas haloperidol accelerated the hyperthermia. Zotepine was also the most potent inhibitor of 3H-serotonin binding to rat cortical synaptosomes in vitro. However, cyproheptadine had the strongest anti-serotonin activity in rat fundus preparations, while zotepine and other neuroleptics showed the same order of potency. These results showed that zotepine is a unique neuroleptic with potent central anti-serotonin activity. The central anti-serotonin activity of zotepine is discussed in connection with its lesser extrapyramidal side effects in humans.
An Eighteen‐Membered Macrocyclic Ligand for Actinium‐225 Targeted Alpha Therapy (2017)

The 18-membered macrocycle H<sub>2</sub> macropa was investigated for <sup>225</sup> Ac chelation in targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Radiolabeling studies showed that macropa, at submicromolar concentration, complexed all <sup>225</sup> Ac (26 kBq) in 5 min at RT. [<sup>225</sup> Ac(macropa)]<sup>+</sup> remained intact over 7 to 8 days when challenged with either excess La<sup>3+</sup> ions or human serum, and did not accumulate in any organ after 5 h in healthy mice. A bifunctional analogue, macropa-NCS, was conjugated to trastuzumab as well as to the prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting compound RPS-070. Both constructs rapidly radiolabeled <sup>225</sup> Ac in just minutes at RT, and macropa-Tmab retained >99 % of its <sup>225</sup> Ac in human serum after 7 days. In LNCaP xenograft mice, <sup>225</sup> Ac-macropa-RPS-070 was selectively targeted to tumors and did not release free <sup>225</sup> Ac over 96 h. These findings establish macropa to be a highly promising ligand for <sup>225</sup> Ac chelation that will facilitate the clinical development of <sup>225</sup> Ac TAT for the treatment of soft-tissue metastases.
Distributed media server architecture for SIP using IP anycast (2009)

To support a wide variety of service scenarios including NAT traversal, lawful interception or transcoding, a VoIP provider has to not only use signaling servers but also media servers. To reduce the load on the provider in terms of bandwidth usage and reduce the effects of adding media processing servers in the media path, the media servers should be located in the proximity of the users. In this paper we investigate the possibility of using IP anycast for enabling users to detect and use media servers in their proximity. We propose four different approaches and give a high level evaluation of the pros and cons of each approach.
Improved extendible hashing with high concurrency (1995)

Abstract We propose an improved extendible hashing scheme and a bucket multi‐versioning scheme that achieve a higher concurrency. In our improved extendible hashing, the global depth and directory entries are asynchronously modified to reduce lock conflicts on the directory. Furthermore, bucket multi‐versioning enables read‐only access to a bucket which is being split. Simulation studies show that these two methods provide an increase in speed in proportion to the number of processors and that they enable concurrent insertions and retrievals to be performed without either affecting the other.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S11 from Co-occurring Genomic Alterations Define Major Subsets of <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma with Distinct Biology, Immune Profiles, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Functional modules among 384 genes selected for the NMF algorithm. Supplementary Figure S2. Co-occurring somatic mutations in KRAS-mutant LUAC subgroups. Supplementary Figure S3. Distribution of bi-allelic deletion/amplification events in the three KRAS-mutant LUAC subsets. Supplementary Figure S4. Alterations in genes involved in G1/S transition in the three KRAS-mutant LUAC subgroups. Supplementary Figure S5. Clonal fractions for somatically mutated genes in the 68 KRAS-mutant LUACs (TCGA). Supplementary Figure S6. Co-mutation plot for the combined PROSPECT/CHITALE validation dataset of chemotherapy -naïve KRAS-mutant LUACs. Supplementary Figure S7. Co-occurring genetic events in PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway genes in the three KRAS-mutant LUAC subsets. Supplementary Figure S8. LKB1-loss-dependent up-regulation of adaptive branches of the unfolded protein response in KRAS-mutant LUAC cell lines. Supplementary Figure S9. Enumeration of distinct immune cell populations in the KRAS LUAC sub-groups from PROSPECT. Supplementary Figure S10. Analysis of overall survival (OS) in KRAS-mutant LUAC subsets. Supplementary Figure S11. Integrated analyses for a higher pre-determined number of KRAS-mutant LUAC subsets.&lt;/p&gt;
Variational formulation of boundary-value problems (2020)

Abstract This chapter discusses a variational formulation of boundary value problems in small deformation solid mechanics. It begins by introducing the important principle of virtual power, and shows that it encapsulates Cauchy’s traction law, and the local form of the basic balance of forces (equation of equilibrium), and the local from of the balance of moments (symmetry of the stress). Since the principle of virtual power encapsulates both the equation of equilibrium and the Cauchy relation for tractions, it can be used to formulate and solve boundary-value problems in solid mechanics in a variational or weak sense. Specifically, it is shown how the displacement problem of linear elastostatics may be formulated variationally using the principle of virtual power.
Complex Interplay between Serum and Fibroblasts in 3D Hepatocyte Co-culture (2018)

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that primary hepatocytes cultured in vitro undergo a rapid loss of function. On the other hand, in the clinic, drug induced liver injury typically manifests 5 days to 3 months after starting a medication. Thus, novel approaches that can maintain the function of primary human hepatocytes for longer durations of time may enable the development of improved in vitro assays for detecting hepatotoxicity. Previous studies have demonstrated that two-dimensional micro-patterning of hepatocytes with fibroblasts leads to improved maintenance of the hepatocyte phenotype relative to hepatocyte monocultures, in serum containing medium. Additionally, we, and others, have shown that three-dimensional culture of hepatocytes leads to enhanced function (in serum-free medium). In this study we wanted to (i) examine the effect of combining the above two approaches on hepatocyte function, and (ii) to further delineate the effect of serum on hepatocyte function. We developed a user-friendly and inexpensive approach for constructing layered spheroids. Similar to previous results in two-dimensional (2d) culture, we observed that 3d culture of hepatocytes alone (i.e. monoculture) in serum-containing medium led to an increase in the urea production rate, but near-complete loss of cytochrome activity in both lots of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) tested. In serum-free sandwich culture, cytochrome activity was maintained at the level observed in freshly thawed PHH for one lot, but almost completely lost in another lot. Spheroid culture of both lots of PHH in serum-free medium led to maintenance of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 activity at the fresh thaw level, though CYP2B6 activity was reduced. In contrast to PHH monoculture, co-cultures of PHH with NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells benefitted from the presence of serum, and led to 3-5-fold increases in CYP activity relative to even serum-free spheroid monocultures. Layering of the fibroblasts did not result in improvements over mixed co-cultures. These results indicate the importance of appropriate serum-free monoculture control experiments in the evaluation of novel biomaterials and techniques for hepatocyte co-culture. Further, urea production and cytochrome production are decoupled; therefore, urea production is an insufficient readout when developing models for pharmaceutical applications.
Reliability Assessment of Impact Tensile Testing Apparatus using a Drop-bar Striker for Intermediate Strain-rate Range and Evaluation of Dynamic Deformation Behaviors for a Carbon Steel (2016)

충격하중을 받는 재료의 변형거동에 관한 연구는 공학 및 산업의 다양한 분야에서 관심 받고 있으며, 이들 기계/구조물 부재의 변형 및 파괴거동의 다수는 중간 변형률속도 영역에 해당하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이러한 변형률속도역에서 동적변형거동을 고려하는 것이 설계의 필수조건이 되었다. 이들 영역은 준정적과 SHPB 시험장치를 이용하는 고 변형률속도의 중간 영역에 위치하고 있어서, 종래의 적당한 시험장치를 이용하여 중 변형률속도를 얻는 것이 용이하지 않았다. 따라서 중간 변형률속도역에서 재료의 변형 및 파괴거동에 관한 유용한 데이터의 보고는 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 구축한 낙추식 충격 인장시험 장치의 신뢰성을 확보하였고, 이를 사용하여 탄소강의 중 변형률속도역에서 동적거동을 평가하였다.
Cyclic GMP May Potentiate Lordosis Behaviour By Progesterone Receptor Activation (1999)

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cGMP acts as a progesterone substitute to facilitate lordosis in oestrogen-primed rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent stereotaxic surgery to place a 26-gauge guide cannula into the third ventricle. Bilateral ovariectomy was done at the same time as stereotaxic surgery. Five days later ovariectomized rats were primed with 2 microg estradiol benzoate 24 and 48 h prior to behaviour testing. Some animals were further injected with 200 microg progesterone 4 h before behaviour testing. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor infused into the third ventricle before progesterone administration significantly reduced lordosis performance. 8-Bromo-cGMP, a cell permeable cGMP analogue, or saline vehicle was infused into the third ventricle of hormone-primed animals approximately 4 h prior to the first of 3-h behaviour tests. This cGMP analogue facilitated lordosis behaviour. We next used KT5823, a highly specific inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG), to test the hypothesis that cGMP action is mediated by this kinase. In this experiment, KT5823 was infused 15 min before progesterone. KT5823 significantly decreased lordosis behaviour. RU486, a progesterone receptor antagonist, was used to assess whether the stimulatory effects of cGMP are mediated through the progesterone receptor. Oestrogen-primed animals were injected with 5 mg of RU486 or vehicle 60 min before infusion with 8-bromo-cGMP. RU486 significantly attenuated cGMP-facilitated lordosis behaviour. These data show that cGMP facilitates lordosis through activation of PKG and the progesterone receptor.
Metabolic Network Analysis: Implication And Application (2005)

metabolic pathway alignmentload pointchoke pointdrug targetpathway analysisconserved pathwaysalternate
A Comprehensive Study of Module Layouts for Silicon Solar Cells Under Partial Shading (2022)

Integrated applications for solar energy production becomes increasingly important. The electrification of car bodies and building facades are only two prominent examples. In such applications shading becomes a challenging problem, since the classic serial interconnection of solar cells in terms of power output is highly vulnerable to partial shading. In this article, we investigate the three most common module layouts in the market (conventional, butterfly, and shingle string) and add a fourth layout (shingle matrix) to be introduced to the market in the future. We discuss an approach to cluster shadings occurring in urban surroundings into basic shapes like “rectangular” and “random”. Choosing a Monte Carlo technique in combination with latin hypercube sampling (LHS), we consider more than 3000 scenarios in total. For the evaluation of the scenarios, we conduct circuit simulations using LTspice. Furthermore, we define a normalization base, which considers only partial shading as a quantitative baseline for comparison. Our results show, that already for 200–400 scenarios the obtained output values stabilize. Among the investigated module layouts, the shingle matrix interconnection achieves the highest score, followed by a shingle string, half-cell butterfly and the conventional full-cell layout.
The Peroxide Pathway (1999)

NASA's current focus on technology roadmaps as a tool for guiding investment decisions leads naturally to a discussion of NASA's roadmap for peroxide propulsion system development. NASA's new Second Generation Space Transportation System roadmap calls for an integrated Reusable Upper-Stage (RUS) engine technology demonstration in the FY03/FY04 time period. Preceding this integrated demonstration are several years of component developments and subsystem technology demonstrations. NASA and the Air Force took the first steps at developing focused upper stage technologies with the initiation of the Upper Stage Flight Experiment with Orbital Sciences in December 1997. A review of this program's peroxide propulsion development is a useful first step in establishing the peroxide propulsion pathway that could lead to a RUS demonstration in 2004.
Interactive Visualisation Techniques on Queries in Structured Information Spaces. (2005)

Abstract: The successful and efficient querying of information in electronic in-formation pools is becoming increasingly important in today’s information society. At the same time the quantity of existing information is continually growing. Que-rying scientific literature and selecting relevant hits are typical examples for this. Börner and Chen [BC02] present possibilities to display structured information pools visually in order to simplify querying and selection processes. However, cur-rent interaction possibilities are limited to the manipulation of hit images (cutting out, zooming, and rotating). The structure features of the underlying information pool remain unconsidered. Our JADE interface uses this structure information ad-ditionally to support the refinement task as well as the navigation within the space of query hits. It is based on mathematical procedures known as formal concept analysis. We carried out an evaluation study in order to determine the efficiency of the interactive visualisation techniques provided by JADE. Untrained psychology students were made to perform various query tasks with a literature database. One group worked with a common web interface. The other group worked with JADE. The query results articulate a clear advantage for utilising interactive visualisation techniques in regard to the common parameters of query tasks, precision and re-call. 1