gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Periciliary Brush Promotes the Lung Health by Separating the Mucus Layer from Airway Epithelia (2012)

Mucus clearance is the primary defense mechanism that protects airways from inhaled infectious and toxic agents. In the current gel-on-liquid mucus clearance model, a mucus gel is propelled on top of a "watery" periciliary layer surrounding the cilia. However, this model fails to explain the formation of a distinct mucus layer in health or why mucus clearance fails in disease. We propose a gel-on-brush model in which the periciliary layer is occupied by membrane-spanning mucins and mucopolysaccharides densely tethered to the airway surface. This brush prevents mucus penetration into the periciliary space and causes mucus to form a distinct layer. The relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary brush layers explain both the stability of mucus clearance in health and its failure in airway disease.
Tuning Bragg wavelength by writing gratings on prestrained fibers (1994)

Bragg gratings at a specific wavelength are made using an excimer KrF laser and a phase mask. The wavelength can be varied for fine tuning and multiplexing applications by straining the optical fiber during UV illumination. When the strain is removed, the grating formed is at a smaller wavelength than that dictated by the phase mask for the unstrained fiber. This technique was demonstrated by writing two gratings located at the same point in the optical fiber. The transmission from the first grating was used as a means for in situ absolute wavelength tuning. The second grating made with approximately 0.2% axial strain was at 1534.54 nm. Once the grating was made, the strain was removed from the fiber leaving the second grating tuned to 1532.04 nm, a wavelength shift of 2.5 nm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In-Situ Chemiresistor Sensor Package for Real-Time Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil and Groundwater (2002)

This paper presents the development of a real-time microsensor-based monitoring system that can be used to detect and characterize volatile organic compounds in soil and groundwater. The system employs an array of polymer-based microsensors (chemiresistors) packaged in a waterproof housing that is designed to protect the sensor from harsh subsurface environments, including completely water-saturated conditions. The sensors and packaging have been tested in field and laboratory environments, and characterization methods are being developed that utilize contaminant-transport models and time-dependent, in-situ sensor data to identify the location of the contaminant source.
Adaptive data transmission on browsing of scanned documents using JPEG2000 (2003)

In this paper we propose an adaptive stream data transmission mechanism on transmitting and browsing the high-resolution scanned document images. We focus on a content delivery system for easily transmitting and browsing a large-scale of document image database such as newspapers, magazines, and in-house documents. We discuss the problems that remain for stream data transmission and describe the schemes of characteristic functions being used in our system. The JPEG2000 format is used to compress the scanned documents' images and moreover, layout analysis is employed to get the structure of each page. Our mechanism enables a web client to browse the such document images with the reality of flipping through a real paper document. Based on the characteristics of JPEG2000 format and the information of each page layout analysis result the web client can select an interested region to show detail even if on a small screen. We present a prototype of the implementation system and realize the high-speed document browsing in mobile web environment.
A NOTE ON THE CHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF OESTROGENS IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE (1964)

ABSTRACT When the methods of Brown for estimating oestrogens are used for the processing of acid-hydrolysed bile-stained urine samples from patients with liver disease, an interfering chromogen is found in the final fractions. This chromogen, practically always present in the oestradiol fraction and occasionally also in the other, causes negative corrected optical densities when the Allen correction is applied to the spectrophotometric readings. It therefore interferes to a large extent with the estimation of the oestrogens and more than 20 μg oestradiol per 24 h may escape detection in this way. This chromogen is of the same type as that found previously in acid-hydrolysed bile. However, extracts of enzyme-hydrolysed bile-stained urine samples do not contain this chromogen. Since enzyme hydrolysis has some disadvantages in untreated urine samples, it has been suggested that the urine should be purified before hydrolysis. Preliminary investigations indicate that Sephadex gel filtration is suitable for this purification.
Combination of probiotics and antibiotics in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in children. (2013)

The consumption of probiotic and antibiotics in children with RUTI is safe and more effective in reducing the incidence of febrile UTI in comparison to prophylactic antibiotics alone.
Chapter 2 Thyroid Hormone Synthesis And Secretion (2015)

The main function of the thyroid gland is to make hormones, T4 and T3, which are essential for the regulation of metabolic processes throughout the body. As at any factory, effective production depends on three key components - adequate raw material, efficient machinery, and appropriate controls. Iodine is the critical raw material, because 65% of T4 weight is iodine. Ingested iodine is absorbed and carried in the circulation as iodide. The thyroid actively concentrates the iodide across the basolateral plasma membrane of thyrocytes by the sodium/iodide symporter, NIS. Intracellular iodide is then transported in the lumen of thyroid follicles. Meanwhile, the thyrocyte endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes two key proteins, TPO and Tg. Tg is a 660kDa glycoprotein secreted into the lumen of follicles, whose tyrosyls serve as substrate for iodination and hormone formation. TPO sits at the apical plasma membrane, where it reduces H2O2, elevating the oxidation state of iodide to an iodinating species, and attaches the iodine to tyrosyls in Tg. H2O2 is generated at the apex of the thyrocyte by Duox, a NADPH oxydase. Initial iodination of Tg produces MIT and DIT. Further iodination couples two residues of DIT, both still in peptide linkage, to produce T4, principally at residues 5 in the Tg polypeptide chain. When thyroid hormone is needed, Tg is internalized at the apical pole of thyrocytes, conveyed to endosomes and lysosomes and digested by proteases, particularly the endopeptidases cathepsins B, L, D and exopeptidases. After Tg digestion, T4 and T3 are released into the circulation. Nonhormonal iodine, about 70% of Tg iodine, is retrieved intrathyroidally by DEHAL1, an iodotyrosine deiodinase and made available for recycling within the gland. TSH is the stimulator that affects virtually every stage of thyroid hormone synthesis and release. Early control involves the direct activation of the cellular and enzymatic machineries while delayed and chronic controls are on gene expression of key proteins. Iodine supply, either too much or too little, impairs adequate synthesis. Antithyroid drugs act by interfering with iodide oxidation. Genetic abnormalities in any of the key proteins, particularly NIS, TPO, Duox and Tg, can produce goiter and hypothyroidism. For complete coverage of this and related areas in Endocrinology, please visit our free web-book, www.endotext.org .
Magnetism and interface properties of epitaxial Fe films on high-mobility GaAs/Al0.35Ga0.65As(001) two-dimensional electron gas heterostructures (2003)

An optimized heterostructure design and an optimized surface sputter-cleaning procedure allow the growth of high-quality epitaxial Fe(001) thin films at Ts&amp;lt;∼50 °C on selectively doped GaAs/Al0.35Ga0.65As heterostructures, while retaining the high quality transport property of the two-dimensional electron gas. Magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements and model calculations indicate a dominant uniaxial in-plane anisotropy (easy axis along [110], hard axis along [1−10]) and small coercivity (∼15 Oe). Interface sensitive Fe57 Mössbauer measurements prove the absence of both magnetic “dead layers” and “half-magnetization” phases (compared to pure Fe), and provide evidence for intermixing within a few monolayers, retaining, however, a metallic Fe state and high Fe magnetic moments at the interface.
Self-Reconfiguration on Spartan-III FPGAs with Compressed Partial Bitstreams via a Parallel Configuration Access Port (cPCAP) Core (2008)

This paper presents an alternative approach for dynamic partial self-reconfiguration that enables a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to reconfigure itself at run-time partially through a parallel configuration access port (cPCAP) under the control of the stand alone cPCAP core within the FPGA instead of using an embedded processor. The cPCAP core with bitstream decompression module needs only 361 slices, which is approximately 18% of a Spartan-3S200 FPGA. The dynamic partial self-reconfiguration via cPCAP core works up to 50 Mbyte/s. The compressed partial bitstream is stored in BlockRAM within the FPGA and decompressed via cPCAP core at the time of reconfiguration of the FPGA. This approach has been implemented on a pure Spartan-3 FPGA from Xilinx, but it can also be used for any other FPGA architectures, such as Virtex-II(Pro), Virtex-4, Virtex-5, etc.
Colloidal Synthesis and Photophysics of M3Sb2I9 (M=Cs and Rb) Nanocrystals: Lead‐Free Perovskites (2017)

Herein we report the colloidal synthesis of Cs<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> and Rb<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> perovskite nanocrystals, and explore their potential for optoelectronic applications. Different morphologies, such as nanoplatelets and nanorods of Cs<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> , and spherical Rb<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> nanocrystals were prepared. All these samples show band-edge emissions in the yellow-red region. Exciton many-body interactions studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of Cs<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> nanorods reveals characteristic second-derivative-type spectral features, suggesting red-shifted excitons by as much as 79 meV. A high absorption cross-section of ca. 10<sup>-15</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> was estimated. The results suggest that colloidal Cs<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> and Rb<sub>3</sub> Sb<sub>2</sub> I<sub>9</sub> nanocrystals are potential candidates for optical and optoelectronic applications in the visible region, though a better control of defect chemistry is required for efficient applications.
Echiofruzine, a novel naringenin diglycoside from Echiochilon fruticosum growing in Tunisia (2007)

The aerial parts of the Tunisian plant Echiochilon fruticosum yielded a novel flavonol diglycoside: naringenin-5-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, named Echiofruzine (1), together with the known compounds vomifoliol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyraroside (2), 1-oxo-alpha-ionyl-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 1-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] eugenol (4), described for the first time in the indicated plant. The structures of the four isolated compounds were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Absolute configuration assignment and enantiopurity determination of chiral alkaloids and coumarins derived from O- and C-prenyl epoxidesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: crystal data for 17. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b208978e/ (2002)

A combination method of ozonolysis and chiral stationary phase (CSP)-GC-MS analysis has been developed to determine the enantiopurity values and absolute configurations of a range of alkaloid and coumarin hemiterpenoids derived from C- and O-prenyl epoxides.
Human IgG Antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Core Lipopolysaccharide Determinants are Detected in Chronic but not Acute Pseudomonas Infection (1987)

Human IgG response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa core lipopolysaccharide determinants was measured after both acute and chronic pseudomonas infection by using lipopolysaccharide purified from PAC605 cells (the most lipopolysaccharide-defective or "roughest" mutant of P. aeruginosa yet described) as a solid phase antigen in ELISA and Western blot immunoassay. The geometric mean IgG anti-PAC605 lipopolysaccharide titer of sera from 18 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic pseudomonas pulmonary infection was 1808, compared to 171 for convalescent sera of 10 patients with acute pseudomonas bacteremia (p less than 0.001) and 211 for 5 normal human volunteers (p less than 0.001). Western blot immunoassay demonstrated specific IgG anti-core antibodies in 11/18 sera from CF patients but not in the sera of the convalescent bacteremic patients or normal volunteers. IgG anti-Pseudomonas core lipopolysaccharide antibodies appear to be a marker of chronic infection; the possible protective role of these antibodies remains to be established.
Synthetic, pH-responsive glycopolypeptides and their interactions with lectins (2016)

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Inhibition of β-catenin signalling promotes DNA damage elicited by benzo[a]pyrene in a model of human colon cancer cells via CYP1 deregulation (2015)

Deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Interestingly, this pathway has been recently implicated in transcriptional control of cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 1 enzymes, which are responsible for bioactivation of a number of dietary carcinogens. In the present study, we investigated the impact of inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on metabolism and genotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a highly mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and an efficient ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is known as a primary regulator of CYP1 expression, in cellular models derived from colorectal tumours. We observed that a synthetic inhibitor of β-catenin, JW74, significantly increased formation of BaP-induced DNA adducts in both colorectal adenoma and carcinoma-derived cell lines. Using the short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting β-catenin, we then found that β-catenin knockdown in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells significantly enhanced formation of covalent DNA adducts by BaP and histone H2AX phosphorylation, as detected by (32)P-postlabelling technique and immunocytochemistry, respectively, and it also induced expression of DNA damage response genes, such as CDKN1A or DDB2. The increased formation of DNA adducts formed by BaP upon β-catenin knockdown corresponded with enhanced production of major BaP metabolites, as well as with an increased expression/activity of CYP1 enzymes. Finally, using siRNA-mediated knockdown of CYP1A1, we confirmed that this enzyme plays a major role in formation of BaP-induced DNA adducts in HCT116 cells. Taken together, the present results indicated that the siRNA-mediated inhibition of β-catenin signalling, which is aberrantly activated in a majority of colorectal cancers, modulated genotoxicity of dietary carcinogen BaP in colon cell model in vitro, via a mechanism involving up-regulation of CYP1 expression and activity.
AGRONOMY & SOILS Development and Application of Process-based Simulation Models for Cotton Production: A Review of Past, Present, and Future Directions (2014)

The development and application of cropping system simulation models for cotton production has a long and rich history, beginning in the southeastern U. S. in the 1960s and now expanded to major cotton production regions globally. This paper briefly reviews the history of cotton simulation models, examines applications of the models since the turn of the century, and identifies opportunities for improving models and their use in cotton research and decision support. Cotton models reviewed include those specific to cotton (GOSSYM, Cotton2K, COTCO2, OZCOT, and CROPGRO-Cotton) and generic crop models that have been applied to cotton production (EPIC, WOFOST, SUCROS, GRAMI, CropSyst, and AquaCrop). Model application areas included crop water use and irrigation water management, nitrogen dynamics and fertilizer management, genetics and crop improvement, climatology, global climate change, precision agriculture, model integration with sensor data, economics, and classroom instruction. Generally, the literature demonstrated increased emphasis on cotton model development in the previous century and on cotton model application in the current century. Although efforts to develop cotton models have a 40-year history, no comparisons among cotton models were reported. Such efforts would be advisable as an initial step to evaluate current cotton simulation strategies. Increasingly, cotton simulation models are being applied by nontraditional crop modelers, who are not trained agronomists but wish to use the models for broad economic or life-cycle analyses. Although this trend demonstrates the growing interest in the models and their potential utility for a variety of applications, it necessitates the development of models with appropriate complexity and ease-of-use for a given application, and improved documentation and teaching materials are needed to educate potential model users. Spatial scaling issues are also increasingly prominent, as models originally developed for use at the field scale are being implemented for regional simulations over large geographic areas. Research steadily progresses toward the advanced goal of model integration with variable-rate control systems, which use real-time crop status and environmental information to spatially and temporally optimize applications of crop inputs, while also considering potential environmental impacts, resource limitations, and climate forecasts. Overall, the review demonstrates a languished effort in cotton simulation model development, but the application of existing models in a variety of research areas remains strong and continues to grow.
IoT based smart security and home automation system (2016)

Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real world objects (things) through the Internet [1]. When it comes to our house, this concept can be aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IoT project focuses on building a smart wireless home security system which sends alerts to the owner by using Internet in case of any trespass and raises an alarm optionally. Besides, the same can also be utilized for home automation by making use of the same set of sensors. The leverage obtained by prefering this system over the similar kinds of existing systems is that the alerts and the status sent by the wifi connected microcontroller managed system can be received by the user on his phone from any distance irrespective of whether his mobile phone is connected to the internet. The microcontroller used in the current prototype is the TI-CC3200 Launchpad board which comes with an embedded micro-controller and an onboard Wi-Fi shield making use of which all the elctrical appliances inside the home can be controlled and managed.
A space-time beamforming RAKE receiver for third generation wideband CDMA base stations (2003)

Base station antenna arrays are a promising method for providing significant capacity increases for third generation cellular mobile radio systems. This paper presents a space-time receiver structure and evaluates a range of direction-of-arrival (DOA) algorithms, to assess the potential capacity gains from the employment of multiple receiver antennas for wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA).
Exactly Solvable Multidimensional Nonlinear Equations and Inverse Scattering (1986)

Abstract : In this lecture a review of some recent results associated with exactly solvable multidimensional nonlinear systems will be given. The motivation for much of this work has come via what is commonly referred to as the Inverse Scattering Transform (I.S.T.; as a reference see, for example,). IST is a method to solve certain nonlinear equations by associating them with appropriate compatible linear equations, one of which is identified as a scattering problem and the others(s) serves to fix the time evolution of the scattering data.
In Situ H2O Meter by Visualization in Hydrogels (2020)

The solvent content strongly affects the viscoelastic properties and network structure of hydrogels. Because of the gels' structural susceptibility and autofluorescence background, there is still no visual method to evaluate the water content in micropores. Herein, a colorimetric molecular probe (DHBYD) was synthesized for in situ visualization of water content in the micropores of hydrogels. The rapid and reversible colorimetric responses of DHBYD to solvents were obtained, which resulted a full linearity range (0 to 100%) for detecting water content in real time. Demonstrated by theoretical calculations, the sensing was attributed to changes in intramolecular charge transfer via deprotonation of phenol group. A cubic polynomial, on correlation of RGB values with water content, was established for real detection of water content in hydrogels. It reveals a new pathway for simple, in situ, and full-range evaluation of solvent content in micropores of hydrogels without any complicated procedures or expensive instruments. This would achieve fast and in situ monitoring of hydrogels to improve gel properties for better applications. It can be extended to evaluate the solvent content in other fields such as synthesis and industrial applications.
Early expression of desmosomal components during kidney tubule morphogenesis in human and murine embryos (1990)

Developing kidneys of human and murine fetuses have been stained with monoclonal antibodies to desmosomal proteins 1 and 2 (desmoplakins) (dp 1&2), desmosomal glycoprotein 1 (desmoglein) and a polyclonal antiserum to desmosomal glycoproteins 2 and 3 (desmocollins). All three antibodies stain the mesenchymal condensates that represent the first stage in kidney tubule development, indicating that desmosomal antigens are expressed very early in tubule morphogenesis. Desmosomal antigens are continuously expressed throughout the developing tubule being concentrated at the apical and basal regions of the lateral membranes of cells. Staining is also present in both visceral and parietal membranes of the developing Bowman's capsule. In the mature tubule, desmosomal staining becomes restricted to a discontinuous apico-lateral ring around the cells. Staining is completely lost from the visceral membrane of the mature Bowman's capsule (the podocytes) but persists in the parietal membrane. At the condensate stage, staining for dp1&2 is much more intense than staining for simple epithelial keratin. Electron microscopy showed the presence of small (ca 0.1 microns) punctate junctions in the developing tubule. These may be immature desmosomes. No fully mature desmosomes such as are present in mature kidney were found. The results suggest that desmosomal proteins and glycoproteins are involved in the early development of adhesive contacts between cells of the kidney tubule. The changing pattern of antigen expression, the loss of desmosomal staining from the podocytes and the immaturity of junctions suggest that desmosomal adhesion is labile during tubule morphogenesis, perhaps in order to facilitate changes of cell-cell contact.
Growth factors enhance neomucosal development in tissue-engineered intestine (2007)

Agopian, Vatche G. MD; Wulkersdorfer, Beatrix MD; Chen, David C. MD; Lee, Jane BS; Stelzner, Matthias MD Author Information