gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blindness Caused by Cosmetic Filler Injection (2014)

Vascular occlusion causing blindness is a rare yet greatly feared complication of the use of facial aesthetic fillers. The authors performed a review of the aesthetic literature to ascertain the reported cases of blindness and the literature reporting variations in the vascular anatomy of the human face. The authors suggest a small but potentially helpful addition to the accepted management of the acute case. Cases of blindness, mostly irreversible, from aesthetic filler injections have been reported from Asia, Europe, and North America. Autologous fat appears to be the most frequent filler causing blindness. Some cases of partial visual recovery have been reported with hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers. The sudden profusion of new medical and nonmedical aesthetic filler injectors raises a new cause for alarm about patient safety. The published reports in the medical literature are made by experienced aesthetic surgeons and thus the actual incidence may be even higher. Also, newer injectors may not be aware of the variations in the pattern of facial vascular arborization. The authors present a summary of the relevant literature to date and a suggested helpful addition to the protocols for urgent management.
Automatic Extraction of Breast Cancer Information from Clinical Reports (2017)

The majority of clinical data is only available in unstructured text documents. Thus, their automated usage in data-based clinical application scenarios, like quality assurance and clinical decision support by treatment suggestions, is hindered because it requires high manual annotation efforts. In this work, we introduce a system for the automated processing of clinical reports of mamma carcinoma patients that allows for the automatic extraction and seamless processing of relevant textual features. Its underlying information extraction pipeline employs a rule-based grammar approach that is integrated with semantic technologies to determine the relevant information from the patient record. The accuracy of the system, developed with nine thousand clinical documents, reaches accuracy levels of 90% for lymph node status and 69% for the structurally most complex feature, the hormone status.
Synthesis and properties of unsaturated polyester diol–polyurethane hybrid polymer network (1994)

Abstract This article deals with the synthesis and properties of poly[(propylene glycol maleate)‐ co ‐(propylene glycol phthalate)] diol (PGMPD)/polyester–urethane or polyether–urethane hybrid polymer networks (HPNs). The polyurethane type and the molar ratio of NCO/OH have an effect on their properties. The structure–property relationship is discussed as well. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
TRIMAGE: A dedicated trimodality (PET/MR/EEG) imaging tool for schizophrenia (2018)

Simultaneous PET/MR/EEG (Positron Emission Tomography - Magnetic Resonance - Electroencephalography), a new tool for the investigation of neuronal networks in the human brain, is presented here within the framework of the European Union Project TRIMAGE. The trimodal, cost-effective PET/MR/EEG imaging tool makes use of cutting edge technology both in PET and in MR fields. A novel type of magnet (1.5T, non-cryogenic) has been built together with a PET scanner that makes use of the most advanced photodetectors (i.e., SiPM matrices), scintillators matrices (LYSO) and digital electronics. The combined PET/MR/EEG system is dedicated to brain imaging and has an inner diameter of 260 mm and an axial Field-of-View of 160 mm. It enables the acquisition and assessment of molecular metabolic information with high spatial and temporal resolution in a given brain simultaneously. The dopaminergic system and the glutamatergic system in schizophrenic patients are investigated via PET, the same physiological/pathophysiological conditions with regard to functional connectivity, via fMRI, and its electrophysiological signature via EEG. In addition to basic neuroscience questions addressing neurovascular-metabolic coupling, this new methodology lays the foundation for individual physiological and pathological fingerprints for a wide research field addressing healthy aging, gender effects, plasticity and different psychiatric and neurological diseases. The preliminary performances of two components of the imaging tool (PET and MR) are discussed. Initial results of the search of possible candidates for suitable schizophrenia biomarkers are also presented as obtained with PET/MR systems available to the collaboration.
COLOGNE PARKINFO - A CONTRIBUTION TO TRAFFIC CONTROL COMPATIBLE WITH ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (1998)

In the autumn of 1996, the COLOGNE PARKINFO project was started in Cologne. Aim of the project is to transmit traffic information into vehicles. In a first step it is planned to transmit the number of available parking spaces and the trend of occupancy of each parking site into in-car navigation systems and to guarantee guidance to available parking facilities. In addition, a concept for the reservation of free parking spaces will be developed and tested. In further steps it is planned to transmit additional traffic information into vehicles. This information will contain relevant incidents, road works, blocked lanes, road closures, environmental data, and on public transport. The first step will be concluded in the summer of 1998. The project partners are City of Cologne, BMW, Ford, Cellway, NetCologne, Siemens, Institute of Road and Traffic Engineering at Aachen University of Technology. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.
An almost sure convergence proof of the sliding-window Lempel-Ziv algorithm (2003)

An almost sure convergence proof of a finite memory version of the sliding window Lempel-Ziv algorithm (LZ77) is given. The proof is valid for those sources that in addition to being stationary and ergodic, have exponential rates for entropy.
Design and implementation of a compliant robot with force feedback and strategy planning software (1984)

Force-feedback robotics techniques are being developed for automated precision assembly and servicing of NASA space flight equipment. Design and implementation of a prototype robot which provides compliance and monitors forces is in progress. Computer software to specify assembly steps and makes force feedback adjustments during assembly are coded and tested for three generically different precision mating problems. A model program demonstrates that a suitably autonomous robot can plan its own strategy.
A novel stable deviation quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization to optimal piezoelectric actuator and sensor location for active vibration control (2015)

In this article, a novel stable deviation quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization for solving global optimization problem is presented. The proposed stable deviation quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm uses interpolation and stable deviation function. The method of recombination operator is employed to generate a new solution vector in the search space. Therefore, the chance of fast converging can be improved. The performance of the proposed stable deviation quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm is compared with a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization and a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization with quadratic interpolation recombination operator, which is an advanced variant of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. Finally, the proposed stable deviation quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to constrained optimal piezoelectric actuator and sensor location for active vibration control of a simply supported plate under the different periodic loads.
Glucose represses formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine and isopenicillin N synthase but not penicillin acyltransferase in Penicillium chrysogenum (1986)

The content of alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine, the first intermediate of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway, decreased when Penicillium chrysogenum was grown in a high concentration of glucose. Glucose repressed the incorporation of [14C]valine into alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-[14C]valine in vivo. The pool of alpha-aminoadipic acid increased sevenfold in control (lactose-grown) penicillin-producing cultures, coinciding with the phase of rapid penicillin biosynthesis, but this increase was very small in glucose-grown cultures. Glucose stimulated homocitrate synthase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activities in vivo and increased the incorporation of lysine into proteins. These results suggest that glucose stimulates the flux through the lysine biosynthetic pathway, thus preventing alpha-aminoadipic acid accumulation. The repression of alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine synthesis by glucose was not reversed by the addition of alpha-aminoadipic acid, cysteine, or valine. Glucose also repressed isopenicillin N synthase, which converts alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine into isopenicillin N, but did not affect penicillin acyltransferase, the last enzyme of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.
Irregular Lens Arrangement Design to Improve Imaging Performance of Compound-Eye Imaging Systems (2010)

Typical compound-eye imaging systems consist of multiple lenslets arranged regularly because of the advantages of these arrangements, such as simplicity in design, fabrication, and data processing. Such a regular arrangement, however, exhibits strong fluctuation of the imaging performance over the object distance. To solve this problem, irregularity is introduced, and this approach is applied to a compound-eye imaging system called thin observation module by bound optics (TOMBO). An efficient design method for improving the imaging performance is presented. Simulation results, including the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the super-resolved images, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of specific binding of human albumin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin G on surface characteristics of bacterial strains as revealed by partition experiments in polymer phase systems (1980)

Four strains of gram-positive cocci with different combinations of positive binding of human proteins were investigated with respect to changes in physicochemical surface properties after specific protein binding. Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, two group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and one group G streptococcal strain were studied; they represented three different combinations of reactivity for human serum albumin, human immunoglobulin G, and fibrinogen. Using single-tube partition of bacterial cells in a dextran-polyethylene glycol system of constant polymer concentration but varying ionic compositions, it was possible to detect changes in the partition of bacteria after specific protein binding. There was a correlation between the binding of radiolabled human proteins to the bacterial strains and the effect of human proteins on the partition of the bacteria in the phase systems. Thus, the specific binding of proteins to the bacteria changes their physicochemical surface properties. These types of bacteria-protein interactions may play an important role in modulating host-parasite relationships.
Characterization of the human prolyl 4-hydroxylase tetramer and its multifunctional protein disulfide-isomerase subunit synthesized in a baculovirus expression system. (1992)

Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2), an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer, catalyzes the posttranslational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens. The enzyme can easily be dissociated into its subunits, but all attempts to associate a tetramer from the dissociated subunits in vitro have been unsuccessful. Molecular cloning of the catalytically important alpha subunit has identified two types of cDNA clone due to mutually exclusive alternative splicing. The beta subunit is a highly unusual multifunctional polypeptide, being identical to the enzyme protein disulfide-isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1). We report here on expression of the alpha and beta subunits of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and a fully active enzyme tetramer in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells by baculovirus vectors. When the beta subunit was expressed alone, the polypeptide produced was found in a 0.1% Triton X-100 extract of the cell homogenate and was a fully active protein disulfide-isomerase. When either form of the alpha subunit was expressed alone, only traces of the alpha subunit could be extracted from the cell homogenate with 0.1% Triton X-100, and 1% SDS was required to obtain efficient solubilization. These alpha subunits had no prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity. When the cells were coinfected with both alpha- and beta-subunit-producing viruses, an enzyme tetramer was formed, but significant amounts of alpha and beta subunits remained unassociated. The recombinant tetramer was indistinguishable from that isolated from vertebrate tissue in terms of its specific activity and kinetic constants for cosubstrates and the peptide substrate. The two alternatively spliced forms of the alpha subunit gave enzyme tetramers with identical catalytic properties. Baculovirus expression seems to be an excellent system for mass production of the enzyme tetramer and for detailed investigation of the mechanisms involved in the association of the monomers.
Reversible Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations in a salEen Fe(III) Spin Crossover Sponge (2023)

The storage of guest molecules in nonporous single crystals is an important development in the field of smart materials. We describe the synthesis and characterization of the new spin crossover Fe(III) compound [Fe(3-Br,5-Cl-salEen)2]BPh4·CH3CN·H2O (salEen = N-ethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)salicylaldiminate) and its reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation upon desolvation and resolvation of the crystals. This process affects the magnetic behavior of the compound while the desolvation of single crystals is made in several steps. The magnetic profiles of the cooling/heating routines are never coincident until the compound reaches the high-spin state after complete desolvation of the single crystals. This is further reflected in temperature-dependent Raman profiles where desolvated and high spin state spectra match after the temperature cycle. Kinetic studies gave insights on the desolvation/resolvation dynamics with the new Fe(III) compound behaving as a spin crossover sponge.
Novel Insulin Sensitizer Modulates Nutrient Sensing Pathways and Maintains β-Cell Phenotype in Human Islets (2013)

Major bottlenecks in the expansion of human β-cell mass are limited proliferation, loss of β-cell phenotype, and increased apoptosis. In our previous studies, activation of Wnt and mTOR signaling significantly enhanced human β-cell proliferation. However, isolated human islets displayed insulin signaling pathway resistance, due in part to chronic activation of mTOR/S6K1 signaling that results in negative feedback of the insulin signaling pathway and a loss of Akt phosphorylation and insulin content. We evaluated the effects of a new generation insulin sensitizer, MSDC-0160, on restoring insulin/IGF-1 sensitivity and insulin content in human β-cells. This novel TZD has low affinity for binding and activation of PPARγ and has insulin-sensitizing effects in mouse models of diabetes and ability to lower glucose in Phase 2 clinical trials. MSDC-0160 treatment of human islets increased AMPK activity and reduced mTOR activity. This was associated with the restoration of IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3, and increased protein expression of Pdx1. Furthermore, MSDC-0160 in combination with IGF-1 and 8 mM glucose increased β-cell specific gene expression of insulin, pdx1, nkx6.1, and nkx2.2, and maintained insulin content without altering glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Human islets were unable to simultaneously promote DNA synthesis and maintain the β-cell phenotype. Lithium-induced GSK-3 inhibition that promotes DNA synthesis blocked the ability of MSDC-0160 to maintain the β-cell phenotype. Conversely, MSDC-0160 prevented an increase in DNA synthesis by blocking β-catenin nuclear translocation. Due to the counteracting pathways involved in these processes, we employed a sequential ex vivo strategy to first induce human islet DNA synthesis, followed by MSDC-0160 to promote the β-cell phenotype and insulin content. This new generation PPARγ sparing insulin sensitizer may provide an initial tool for relieving inherent human islet insulin signaling pathway resistance that is necessary to preserve the β-cell phenotype during β-cell expansion for the treatment of diabetes.
Low-Temperature Oxidation: The Role of Vitreous Oxides (1986)

List of Tables Symbols Introduction Rate Expressions for Oxide Growth Structure of Vitreous Oxides Charge Transport in Noncrystalline Oxides Initial Oxide Formation The Role of Interfaces Formation of a Stable Oxide Film Continued Growth of Three-Dimensional Oxide Oxidaton of Silicon Closing Summary Index.
Rol del factor de transcripción limpet en la regulación de la respuesta inmune de Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (2019)

Como parte de la respuesta inmune humoral innata al ataque microbiano, los insectos activan la síntesis de péptidos antimicrobianos (AMPs). Comprender los mecanismos regulatorios de dicha respuesta en el insecto vector de la enfermedad de Chagas, Triatoma infestans -principal vector de Tripanosoma cruzi en el cono sur de Latinoamérica- es importante puesto que las estrategias de control biológico contra poblaciones de insecto resistentes a piretroides se han enfocado en el uso de Beauveria bassiana. En este trabajo, se llevó a cabo la caracterización funcional y molecular de las variantes del factor de transcripción limpet, potencialmente involucrado en la regulación de la expresión de AMPs. En particular se estudió su relación con una familia de AMPs específica denominada defensinas. La caracterización molecular de limpet se llevó a cabo por medio de alineamientos de secuencia con especies relacionadas, lo que permitió completar la secuencia de las variantes del factor de transcripción en T. infestans. La caracterización funcional se llevó a cabo por medio de silenciamiento de las variantes del factor de transcripción limpet, permitiendo vincular el silenciamiento de este gen con la caída en la expresión de un grupo de defensinas. Se concluyó de este modo, que limpet está involucrado en la regulación de las defensinas durante una infección fúngica con B. bassiana. Este trabajo llevará a una mejor comprensión sobre las vías de regulación de la respuesta humoral inmune de T. infestans en las que participa el factor de transcripción limpet.
Lessons learned from commissioning protective relaying systems (2009)

Commissioning protective relays has changed with the increased use of microprocessor-based relays. Many relays have multiple functions, and logic that used to be contained in wiring diagrams or control schematics now resides in relay settings. However, the newer relays also provide many advantages in commissioning, including: (1) Event reports that show a precise capture of voltage and current waveforms, inputs and outputs, and relay elements. (2) Sequential Events Recorders (SERs) that show time-stamped assertion and deassertion of relay elements. (3) Metering and synchrophasor data that can be used for instantaneous monitoring of input signals. Using personal experiences and those learned from working with field personnel, we provide a variety of testing examples on transmission, distribution, and plant systems. We show what the expected performance is, what to look for, problems to avoid, and lessons learned from system data taken from relays during commissioning.
Consensus relaxation on materials of interest for adaptive ATR in CT images of baggage (2018)

An adaptive automatic threat recognition system (AATR) developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is described for x-ray CT images of baggage. The AATR automatically adapts to the input object requirement specification (ORS), which can change or evolve over time. These specifications characterize materials of interest (MOIs), basic physical features of interest (FOIs) (such a mass and thickness) and performance goals (detection and false alarm probability) for objects of interest (OOIs). The need and technical requirements for an AATR were developed in collaboration with DHS’s Explosives Division and Northeastern University’s Awareness and Localization of Explosives-Related Threats (ALERT) Center, a DHS Center of Excellence (http://www.northeastern.edu/alert/). Independent of the input ORS, LLNL’s AATR always uses the same algorithm and codes to process CT images. The algorithm adapts in real-time to changes in the input ORS. LLNL’s AATR is thus suitable for dynamic scenarios in which the nature of the OOIs can change rapidly. The AATR uses a spatial consensus relaxation method to determine the most likely material composition for each CT image voxel. The resulting image of most likely material compositions is segmented. An OOI classification statistic (OOI score) is computed for each voxel and each extracted image volume. OOI recognition performance is reported using various metrics on a test set of ~180 plastic bins supplied by the ALERT Center of Excellence. A method is then proposed for automatic decision threshold estimation that can adapt to the detection performance goal, the most likely material composition, and the contents of the baggage.
Methylation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene shows novel biphasic changes during brain development (1996)

The gene for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was analyzed in the rat for developmental changes in methylation of cytosine at CpG sequences as a correlate of the onset of GFAP mRNA expression and for the effect of methylation on GFAP promoter activity. The methylation of nine CpG sites in the GFAP promoter and ten sites in exon 1 was analyzed in F344 rats by a quantitative application of ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. Whole rat brain poly(A)+ RNA showed an exponential increase of GFAP mRNA after embryo day 14 that reached stable adult levels by postnatal day 10. During development, only the seven CpG sites in the far-upstream promoter showed large changes in methylation; these sites constitute the brain-specific domain of methylation described in adult rats (Teter et al: J Neurosci Res 39:680, 1994). These seven CpG sites showed a cycle of demethylation during the onset of GFAP transcription in the embryo (between embryonic day 14 and postnatal day 10) followed by remethylation at later postnatal ages when GFAP mRNA remains prevalent. The minimum levels of methylation across these CpG sites displayed a gradient with the lowest minima at the 3' sites. This demethylation/remethylation cycle is a novel phenomenon in DNA methylation during perinatal development. The demethylation/remethylation cycle during development was also shown by the opposite-strand cytosines. Two cytosines in this region that are conserved in rat and mouse also undergo the same demethylation/remethylation cycle in the mouse GFAP gene during development, implying evolutionary conservation and functional significance. As a further test of functional significance, a Luciferase reporter gene assay was evaluated in primary cultured astrocytes; the activity of the GFAP promoter was reduced when it was methylated at one or all CpG sites. Therefore, the GFAP promoter may be activated in rodent development by transient demethylation of a conserved brain-specific methylation domain.