gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic Vitrification and Survival of Anhydrobiotic Organisms (1997)

We examine the relationship between cytoplasmic vitrification and survival of anhydrobiotic organisms under extreme desiccation condition. The ability of anhydrobiotic organisms to survive desiccation is associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates. Spores, yeasts and microscopic animals accumulate trehalose, whereas pollen, plant seeds and resurrection plants contain sucrose and oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose. During dehydration, these carbohydrates and other components help the organisms enter into the vitreous state (cytoplasmic vitrification). The immobilization by vitrification may minimize stress damages on the cellular structures and protect their biological capabilities during dehydration and rehydration; however, cytoplasmic vitrification alone is found to be insufficient for anhydrobiotic organisms to survive extreme dehydration. The survival of dry organisms in the desiccated state requires the maintenance of the vitreous state. When the vitreous state is lost, free radical oxidation, phase separation and cytoplasmic crystallization would occur and impose real threat to the survival of dry organisms.
Mono-ADP-Ribosylation: A Tool for Modulating Immune Response and Cell Signaling (2002)

Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of cellular proteins that has the potential to regulate various cell functions. This reaction consists of the enzymatic transfer of ADP-ribose to specific acceptor amino acid residues (predominantly arginine and cysteine). The best-known cellular ADP-ribosyltransferases (the enzymes that catalyze this reaction) are the seven ectoenzymes, members of the ART family.
Novel Monitoring Technique for Passive Optical Networks Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and Fiber Bragg Gratings (2010)

An efficient monitoring method having a very short measurement time (a few seconds) is proposed. The equal-length branches can be effectively monitored, but also the information of temperature at any place in the network can be obtained. The feasibility of this technique is experimentally demonstrated.
Traversing Trillions of Edges in Real Time: Graph Exploration on Large-Scale Parallel Machines (2014)

The world of Big Data is changing dramatically right before our eyes-from the amount of data being produced to the way in which it is structured and used. The trend of "big data growth" presents enormous challenges, but it also presents incredible scientific and business opportunities. Together with the data explosion, we are also witnessing a dramatic increase in data processing capabilities, thanks to new powerful parallel computer architectures and more sophisticated algorithms. In this paper we describe the algorithmic design and the optimization techniques that led to the unprecedented processing rate of 15.3 trillion edges per second on 64 thousand Blue Gene/Q nodes, that allowed the in-memory exploration of a petabyte-scale graph in just a few seconds. This paper provides insight into our parallelization and optimization techniques. We believe that these techniques can be successfully applied to a broader class of graph algorithms.
Potential anticancer agents. IV. Constituents of Jacaranda caucana Pittier (Bignoniaceae). (1977)

&lt;p&gt;Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) was used to analyze a series of synthetic organic ions bearing fixed multiple charges. Despite the multiple intrinsic charges, only singly charged ions were recorded in each case. In addition to the pseudo-molecular ions formed by counterion adduction, deprotonation and electron capture, a number of fragment ions were also observed. Charge splitting by fragmentation was found to be a viable route for charge reduction leading to the formation of the observed singly charged fragment ions. Unlike multivalent metal ions, organic ions can rearrange and/or fragment during charge reduction. This fragmentation process will evidently complicate the interpretation of the MALDI MS spectrum. Because MALDI MS is usually considered as a soft ionization technique, the fragment ion peaks can easily be erroneously interpreted as impurities. Therefore, the awareness and understanding of the underlying MALDI-induced fragmentation pathways is essential for a proper interpretation of the corresponding mass spectra. Due to the fragment ions generated during charge reduction, special care should be taken in the MALDI MS analysis of multiply charged ions. In this work, the possible mechanisms by which the organic ions bearing fixed multiple charges fragment are investigated. With an improved understanding of the fragmentation mechanisms, MALDI TOF MS should still be a useful technique for the characterization of organic ions with fixed multiple charges.&lt;/p&gt;
The Japanese employment system and the evolution of the firm (1993)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1993.
Acoustic noise cancellation techniques for switched reluctance drives (2002)

The levels of acoustic noise emitted by the switched reluctance drive are noted as being above those of competing variable speed drives. In other respects the switched reluctance drive offers distinct advantages. In a previous paper, the authors described a new technique for the cancellation of radial vibrations of the stator. This new technique was limited to power converters offering a zero voltage freewheel path. This paper describes further development of the technique which allows noise cancellation to be achieved with all types of power converter. The techniques disclosed in this paper include a smoothing method, a three stage commutation method for converters with one switch per phase and a noise cancellation technique suitable for switched reluctance drives incorporating an extended zero voltage freewheel period for improved efficiency. The techniques are all compared, with experimental and simulated results.
The Sparse Tableau Approach to Network Analysis and Design (1971)

The tableau approach to automated network design optimization via implicit, variable order, variable time-step integration, and adjoint sensitivity computation is described. In this approach, the only matrix operation required is that of repeatedly solving linear algebraic equations of fixed sparsity structure. Required partial derivatives and numerical integration is done at the branch level leading to a simple input language, complete generality and maximum sparsity of the characteristic coefficient matrix. The bulk of computation and program complexity is thus located in the sparse matrix routines; described herein are the routines OPTORD and 1-2-3 GNSO. These routines account for variability type of the matrix elements in producing a machine code for solution of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ax=b</tex> in nested iterations for which a weighted sum of total operations count and round-off error incurred in the optimization is minimized.
Alteration of Rock Properties by Adsorption of Petroleum Heavy Ends: Implications for Enhanced Oil Recovery (1982)

ABSTRACT Clay mineral properties are irreversibly altered by adsorption of petroleum heavy ends. As a result of this alteration, rock sensitivity to injected fluids is reduced; rock wettability is changed from "water wet" to "neutral"; adsorption of surfactants is reduced; rock property measurements are changed; and cores can be irreversibly altered. All of these changes can affect enhanced recovery processes and related laboratory studies. The extent of this interaction has been found to depend upon the type of clay minerals present in the rock, the composition of the petroleum heavy ends, and the interaction environment. After the adsorption occurs, a clay-organic complex is formed which is hydrophobic and very stable. Expansion of swelling clays is reduced and clay surface area and cation exchange capacity are reduced. Practical implications of these observations are demonstrated in Berea sandstone cores and in friable California sand cores when the clays were stabilized against dispersion and subsequent migration. Berea sandstone permeability is rendered insensitive to fresh water and the friable sand, in which clays are the primary cementing material, is stabilized against failure under increased flow rates. In other studies, surfactant adsorption on montmorillonite was found to be three to ten times lower when the clay was pretreated with petroleum heavy ends. Surfactant retention in clean Nevada sand is also reduced when a surface layer of heavy ends is present on the sand grains.
Engineered antifouling microtopographies: mapping preferential and inhibitory microenvironments for zoospore attachment (2010)

An algorithm was developed and implemented to map the locations of attached spores of Ulva linza on patterned surfaces. Using this mapping algorithm, spore preference among regions within a pattern can be detected and quantified. Settlement maps of spores on patterned topographies from several assays showed clear preferences in spore settlement. Over 94% of the spores attached within the depressed regions on the surfaces, including a surface containing pits instead of protruding features. The spores attached primarily at the intersections of several features, with over half and up to 96% of spores settling in these regions. The highest spore densities occurred at intersections where the features were most dissimilar. In contrast, the location of attached beads on the surfaces was nearly uniform across the surface. Identification of preferential attachment locations allows for the study of localized properties that influence cell behavior and aids in the development of new surfaces to control cell-surface interactions.
Short and Convergent Synthesis of Asterriquinone B1 and Demethylasterriquinone B1 (2001)

Short and Convergent Synthesis of Asterriquinone Bl and Demethylasterriquinone Bl Sir: Asterriquinone Bl (1) and its de-(9-methyl analog, demethylasterriquinone Bl (2), which are members of a group of bis-indolyl benzoquinones, were isolated from strains of Aspergillus terreus^and Pseudomassaria sp.,2) respectively. Especially, the latter product 2 has been reported by Merck group to be the novel insulin receptor activator, that mimics the function of insulin, and therefore, is of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of diabetes.2)
Aspects in inferential Iterative Learning Control: A 2D systems analysis (2014)

Increasing performance requirements lead to a situation where performance variables need to be explicitly distinguished from measured variables. The performance variables are not available for feedback. Instead, they are often available after a task. This enables the application of batch-to-batch control strategies such as Iterative Learning Control (ILC) to the performance variables. The aim of this paper is to reveal potential problems in combining ILC and feedback control for this scenario, and to propose a solution. The time-trial dynamics of a common ILC algorithm with dynamic learning filters are cast into discrete linear repetitive processes, a class of 2D systems. Appropriate 2D stability notions are connected to well-known conditions on the ILC algorithm. The analysis reveals that there are important cases where the ILC and feedback combination is not stable in a 2D sense. A solution to deal with such cases is proposed. The analysis is supported with a simulation example of medium positioning drive in a printing system.
Ribo-,Xylo-, andArabino-Configured Adenine-Based Nucleoside Phosphonates: Synthesis of Monomers for Solid-Phase Oligonucleotide Assembly (2003)

Adenine-based, regioisomeric nucleoside phosphonates with ribo, xylo and arabino configuration were synthesized in the protected form suitable for the phosphotriester-like, solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides. Phosphonate moiety was protected by 4-methoxy-1-oxido-2-picolyl group and the furanose hydroxyl by the dimethoxytrityl group.
SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options. (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the outbreak of severe respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Wuhan City, China and is now spreading rapidly throughout the world. The prompt outbreak of COVID-19 and its quick spread without any controllable measure defines the severity of the situation. In this crisis, a collective pool of knowledge about the advancement of clinical diagnostic and management for COVID-19 is a prerequisite. Here, we summarize all the available updates on the multidisciplinary approaches for the advancement of diagnosis and proposed therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Moreover, the review discusses different aspects of the COVID-19, including its epidemiology; incubation period; the general clinical features of patients; the clinical features of intensive care unit (ICU) patients; SARS-CoV-2 infection in the presence of co-morbid diseases and the clinical features of pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Advances in various diagnostic approaches, such as the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging; and other modern diagnostic methods, for this infection have been highlighted. However, due to the unavailability of adequate evidence, presently there are no officially approved drugs or vaccines available against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we have discussed various therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 under different categories, like the possible treatment plans with drug (antiviral drugs and anti-cytokines) therapy for disease prevention. Lastly, potentials candidates for the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. Collectively, the review provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak along with the recent advancements and strategies for diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19.
A Thunderstorm Cloud Point Charge Localization Method Based on CEEMDAN and SG Filtering (2021)

The current thunderstorm monitoring methods ignore the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of atmospheric electric field signals, which has a negative effect on the monitoring results. Based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and Savitzky-Golay filtering (CEEMDAN-SG), a point charge localization method for the thunderstorm cloud is proposed. After CEEMDAN is used to decompose the electric field signal into a series of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, the signal is reconstructed after SG filtering of those noise-dominant components. Then, the reconstructed signal is used for point charge localization correction. By changing the signal samples, the decomposition order and SNR of CEEMDAN-SG, CEEMDAN, etc. are compared, and the performance of the method is analyzed. Experiments show that compared to the SNR before reconstruction, the SNR after reconstruction is improved by about 3%. At the same time, the results can match the radar chart well on the time scale. After using the CNN-LSTM network model, it is found that compared with the original signal, the amplitude of the absolute error of the reconstructed signal is larger, so that the signal characteristics can be more displayed. This once again proves the localization effects.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTECTED ESTER, NITRILE, CARBINOL AND CARBINYL AMINE CYCLOPROPANONE HYDRATES (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Ketenacetal (I) erhält man mit Diazoessigester (II) in Gegenwart von Rhacetat das Cyclopropan‐Derivat (III), das zum Alkohol (IV) reduziert wird.
Water-Soluble O-, S- and Se-Functionalized Cyclic Acetyl-triaza-phosphines. Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Catalytic Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition (2020)

The 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DAPTA) derivatives, viz. the already reported 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 5-oxide (DAPTA=O, <b>1</b>), the novel 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-5-sulfide (DAPTA=S, <b>2</b>), and 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-5-selenide (DAPTA=Se, <b>3</b>), have been synthesized under mild conditions. They are soluble in water and most common organic solvents and have been characterized using <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>31</sup>P NMR spectroscopy and, for <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, also by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of O, S, or Se at the phosphorus atom on the structural features of the compounds has been investigated, also through the analyses of Hirshfeld surfaces. The presence of <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> enhances the activity of copper for the catalytic azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction in an aqueous medium. The combination of cheaply available copper (II) acetate and compound <b>1</b> has been used as a catalyst for the one-pot and 1,4-regioselective procedure to obtain 1,2,3-triazoles with high yields and according to 'click rules'.
Overview of BioNLP'09 shared task on event extraction (2009)

The paper presents the design and implementation of the BioNLP'09 Shared Task, and reports the final results with analysis. The shared task consists of three sub-tasks, each of which addresses bio-molecular event extraction at a different level of specificity. The data was developed based on the GENIA event corpus. The shared task was run over 12 weeks, drawing initial interest from 42 teams. Of these teams, 24 submitted final results. The evaluation results are encouraging, indicating that state-of-the-art performance is approaching a practically applicable level and revealing some remaining challenges.
Safe & sound (2003)

Safe & Sound uses location-aware mobile phones to create a "virtual leash"; a secure zone beyond which a child may not travel. If the child leaves this zone, both child and parent receive audible alerts, and the parent can communicate with the child by voice over the phone. The peer-to-peer transmission of location, and the accepted role of responsibility by care-givers, reduce the privacy concerns which often arise with location-aware systems.
Pyrrolo[2′,3′:3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-d][1,2]oxazoles, a New Class of Antimitotic Agents Active against Multiple Malignant Cell Types (2020)

A new class of pyrrolo[2',3':3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>d</i>][1,2]oxazoles was synthesized for the treatment of hyperproliferative pathologies, including neoplasms. The new compounds were screened in the 60 human cancer cell lines of the NCI drug screen and showed potent activity with GI<sub>50</sub> values reaching the nanomolar level, with mean graph midpoints of 0.08-0.41 μM. All compounds were further tested on six lymphoma cell lines, and eight showed potent growth inhibitory effects with IC<sub>50</sub> values lower than 500 nM. Mechanism of action studies showed the ability of the new [1,2]oxazoles to arrest cells in the G2/M phase in a concentration dependent manner and to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The most active compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.9-8.2 μM, and appeared to bind to the colchicine site. The G2/M arrest was accompanied by apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, and PARP cleavage.
Pulsatile versus Nonpulsatile Blood Flow in the Treatment of Acute Cerebral Ischemia (1986)

The effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion on local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and on computerized mapping (CME) of electroencephalograms (EEG) in nonischemic and ischemic brain were studied using a canine stroke model. Nine anesthetized mongrel dogs were placed on normothermic right atrial-femoral artery cardiopulmonary bypass at a flow of 100 ml/kg/minute. Local CBF measurements and CME data were collected during nonpulsatile perfusion and maximal pulsatile perfusion. The stroke model was then produced, and local CBF measurements and CME data were again collected during nonpulsatile and pulsatile perfusion. In the nonischemic brain, local CBF increased 19%, from 32 +/- 10 to 38 +/- 11 ml/100 g/minute (P less than 0.01), when perfusion was changed from nonpulsatile flow (pulse pressure less than 4mm Hg) to pulsatile flow (pulse pressure 39 +/- 11 mm Hg). In the ischemic brain, local CBF increased 55%, from 11 +/- 5 to 17 +/- 7 ml/100 g/minute (P less than 0.01), when perfusion was changed from nonpulsatile (pulse pressure less than 3 mm Hg) to pulsatile (pulse pressure 36 +/- 7) flow. EEG power data, expressed as a power ratio index (PRI = low frequency power/high frequency power), improved significantly, from 110 +/- 33 to 101 +/- 41 (P less than 0.01) with pulsatile perfusion. These data demonstrate the importance of pulsatile blood flow in ischemic brain.
Molecular Robots Obeying Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics (2017)

Asimov's three laws of robotics, which were shaped in the literary work of Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) and others, define a crucial code of behavior that fictional autonomous robots must obey as a condition for their integration into human society. While, general implementation of these laws in robots is widely considered impractical, limited-scope versions have been demonstrated and have proven useful in spurring scientific debate on aspects of safety and autonomy in robots and intelligent systems. In this work, we use Asimov's laws to examine these notions in molecular robots fabricated from DNA origami. We successfully programmed these robots to obey, by means of interactions between individual robots in a large population, an appropriately scoped variant of Asimov's laws, and even emulate the key scenario from Asimov's story "Runaround," in which a fictional robot gets into trouble despite adhering to the laws. Our findings show that abstract, complex notions can be encoded and implemented at the molecular scale, when we understand robots on this scale on the basis of their interactions.
THE ORIFICE FLOW PATTERN, PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ATOMIZATION OF FUEL CONTAINING DISSOLVED GAS (1994)

In order to gain additional insight into the controlling mechanism of atomization of the injection of fuel containing dissolved gas (IFCDG), an experimental study was carried out to investigate the orifice flow pattern, pressure characteristics, and their effects on the atomization behavior of the IFCDG, using scaled-up model nozzles and metal nozzles. The results show that (1) the flow inside the orifice usually exhibits two characteristic patterns, which have big differences in the pressure characteristics; (2) in the IFCDG, the difference of the pressure characteristics caused by the variation of the nozzle L/D ratio has a dominant influence on the separation of the dissolved gas from the fuel inside the orifice and is verified to account for a dramatic change in the spray pattern.
Información televisiva y movilidad. Análisis de las noticias más seguidas a través de twitter (2016)

Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, and mobile applications such as Periscope, Snapchat, Whatsapp, among others, are some of the emerging ways of communication and access to information in recent times, for both general users and professionals of the information. Technological advances and innovations derived mainly from the web 2.0 have added new screens to traditional media, so that the newspaper can not only be read, but now also can be seen and heard, while television, besides been seen and heard, also read. To this, mobility and portability is added, as demanded by users today, and in which the mobile screen has a prominent role and influence, especially because of social networks. This contribution describes which is the production and consumption of news that comes from the information provided by the principal generalist television channels in Spain through the most mobile social network, Twitter.