gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inventing Artificial Intelligence in Ethiopia (2021)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) research has always been embedded in complex networks of cultural imagination, corporate business, and sociopolitical power relations. The great majority of AI research around the world, and almost all commentary on that research, assumes that the imagination, business, and political systems of Western culture and the Global North are sufficient to understand how this technology should develop in future. This article investigates the context within which AI research is imagined and conducted in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, with implications for public policy, technology strategy, future research in development contexts, and the principles that might be applied as practical engineering priorities.
Automated statistical quantification of three-dimensional morphology and mean corpuscular hemoglobin of multiple red blood cells (2012)

In this paper, we present an automated approach to quantify information about three-dimensional (3D) morphology, hemoglobin content and density of mature red blood cells (RBCs) using off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and statistical algorithms. The digital hologram of RBCs is recorded by a CCD camera using an off-axis interferometry setup and quantitative phase images of RBCs are obtained by a numerical reconstruction algorithm. In order to remove unnecessary parts and obtain clear targets in the reconstructed phase image with many RBCs, the marker-controlled watershed segmentation algorithm is applied to the phase image. Each RBC in the segmented phase image is three-dimensionally investigated. Characteristic properties such as projected cell surface, average phase, sphericity coefficient, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH surface density of each RBC is quantitatively measured. We experimentally demonstrate that joint statistical distributions of the characteristic parameters of RBCs can be obtained by our algorithm and efficiently used as a feature pattern to discriminate between RBC populations that differ in shape and hemoglobin content. Our study opens the possibility of automated RBC quantitative analysis suitable for the rapid classification of a large number of RBCs from an individual blood specimen, which is a fundamental step to develop a diagnostic approach based on DHM.
A tetraphenylethene-based caged compound: synthesis, properties and applications (2014)

A tetraphenylethene-based caged compound (TPE-C) is designed and synthesized. TPE-C is non-fluorescent either in solution or in aggregated state, but its emission can be induced to emit strong cyan emission in the aggregated state by UV irradiation. This property enables TPE-C to be applied in photo-patterning and anti-counterfeiting related areas.
Optical research testbed initiatives for network and service innovation (2009)

The presentation will report on the use of two large-scale optical network test-beds, The Janet Aurora test-bed in the UK and the Phosphorus test-bed in Europe as open innovation platforms aiming to bring together different network and non-network research communities in an experimentally-driven interdisciplinary research environment.
The synovium and synovial fluid in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis--a light microscopic, electron microscopic and cytochemical analysis of one case. (1983)

The synovium and synovial fluid have been studied in a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Previously unreported histochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrahistochemical findings are presented and their relevance to the aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. The synovial fluid analysis in this disease is characteristic and may be helpful in its early diagnosis.
Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2023)

Both astrocytic and microglial functions have been extensively investigated in healthy subjects and neurodegenerative diseases. For astrocytes, not only various sub-types were identified but phagocytic activity was also clarified recently and is making dramatic progress. In this review paper, we mostly focus on the functional role of astrocytes in the extracellular matrix and on interactions between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia in normal states and in neurodegenerative diseases, because the authors feel it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms among activated glial cells in the pathology of neurological diseases in order to pave the way for drug discovery. Finally, we will review cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that induces a variety of biological activities in the brain both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that cPA may serve as a novel therapeutic molecule for the treatment of brain injury and neuroinflammation.
Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Dependence (2005)

The authors review recent advances in the pharmacotherapy and pharmacogenetics of nicotine dependence. Despite the negative health consequences of smoking, approximately 23% of adults in the United States are daily tobacco smokers and approximately 13% are nicotine dependent. Data for development of new medications for nicotine dependence are likely to come from animal models of the reinforcing value of nicotine, studies to identify proteins in transgenic rodents, and pharmacological studies of nicotine withdrawal. The initial pharmacogenetic studies of pharmacotherapies approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of nicotine dependence-nicotine replacement (nicotine gum, nicotine nasal spray, and transdermal nicotine) and bupropion-have identified candidate alleles at the dopamine D2 receptor gene and mu opioid receptor gene that may predict therapeutic response. Because no one medication is likely to be safe and efficacious for a majority of persons with nicotine dependence, it will be useful to develop genetics-based methods and other tools to predict therapeutic response in subgroups of nicotine-dependent persons.
Myeloperoxidase Delays Neutrophil Apoptosis Through CD11b/CD18 Integrins and Prolongs Inflammation (2008)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes have a central role in innate immunity and their programmed cell death and removal are critical for efficient resolution of acute inflammation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme protein abundantly expressed in neutrophils, is generally associated with killing of bacteria and oxidative tissue injury. Because MPO also binds to neutrophils, we investigated whether MPO could affect the lifespan of neutrophils. Here, we report that MPO independent of its catalytic activity through signaling via the adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18 rescued human neutrophils from constitutive apoptosis and prolonged their life span. MPO evoked a transient concurrent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt, leading to phosphorylation of Bad at both Ser112 and Ser136, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent activation of caspase-3. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, or caspase-3 reversed the antiapoptosis action of MPO. Acute increases in plasma MPO delayed murine neutrophil apoptosis assayed ex vivo. In a mouse model of self-resolving inflammation, MPO also prolonged the duration of carrageenan-induced acute lung injury, as evidenced by enhanced alveolar permeability and accumulation of neutrophils parallel with suppression of neutrophil apoptosis. Our results indicate that MPO functions as a survival signal for neutrophils and thereby contribute to prolongation of inflammation.
Figure S6 from Hypoxia Selectively Enhances Integrin α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer to Promote Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Survival analysis based on ITGB1 expression.&lt;/p&gt;
Enzymatic Conversion ofd-Glucose tod-Fructose (1965)

Journal Article Enzymatic Conversion of d-Glucose to d-Fructose: Part V Partial Purification and Properties of the Enzyme from Aerobacter cloacaePart VI, Properties of the Enzyme from Streptomyces phaeochromogenus Get access Nobuzo Tsumura, Nobuzo Tsumura Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomotaro Sato Tomotaro Sato Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 29, Issue 12, 1 December 1965, Pages 1123–1134, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1965.10858520 Published: 01 December 1965 Article history Received: 15 July 1965 Published: 01 December 1965
Blockage of of Gi linked G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling reduces local and inhibits systemic tissue injury in the mesenteric IR model. (B74) (2007)

Abstract Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a frequent clinical entity encountered in diverse fields such as vascular surgery, trauma, myocardial infarction, hemorrhage, stroke, and multi-organ failure. The acute inflammatory response following an ischemic insult instigates pathology in local and remote organs leading to significant morbidity and mortality. IR induces injury in a biphasic pattern. The acute phase is characterized by oxidative tissue injury resulting in activation of intracellular damage pathway and antibody-mediated complement activation. The sub acute phase is characterized by leukocyte infiltration. It has been shown previously in several models of IR that complement inhibitors reduce tissue injury. In this study the role of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling was examined. Studies in the mesenteric IR model a global Gi inhibitor, pertussis toxin, attenuated local intestinal tissue injury and production of LTB4 and PGE2. In these animals the systemic inflammatory response was also inhibited, assessed by decrease lung tissue injury and blocked cellular infiltrate. Next specific receptor inhibitors such as blocking antibodies to examine the effectiveness of inhibiting chemokine receptors such as CXCR2 or blocking adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 or P-selectin were utilized. The data indicate specific chemokine receptors are more efficient in inhibiting tissue damage. Comparison of these inhibitors will be useful in developing therapeutics which can control deleterious effects of systemic inflammation after an initial trauma. USAMRAA W81xWH0610485
A phoswich multidetector probe for measuring tracheal mucus velocity (1984)

A simple, reliable, compact and sensitive detection system was required to measure the position as a function of time of local concentrations of tracers tagged with 99Tcm as they are transported up the trachea by mucociliary activity. A multidetector probe to meet these requirements was designed and constructed: it consists of three pairs of NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) phoswich sandwiches arranged in line so that measurements of response in six positions can be made. Each crystal was 8 mm thick, 1.5 mm deep and formed an arc of 90 degrees with an internal radius of 7 cm. Spatial resolution and background reduction were achieved by pulse height and pulse shape analysis and the use of tungsten parallel-plate collimators. At the face of the collimators the system had a spatial resolution of 9 mm FWHM and a sensitivity of 3.78 X 10(-2) CPS Bq-1 (1400 CPS microCi-1). Background radiation response was typically 1 CPS per crystal. Determinations of tracheal mucus velocity have been made in man. This multidetector probe could be adapted to other velocity measurements over an extended range and for the measurement of activity profiles when high sensitivity is desired.
Iterative Receiver Signal Processing for Joint Mitigation of Transmitter and Receiver Phase Noise in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Link (2012)

In opportunistic spectrum access and cognitive radio, the device is assumed to be operating over a very wide range of radio frequencies (RF). This implies that severe implementation imperfections can take place in the RF modules of the devices. One such imperfection is oscillator phase noise. In thi
Development of an Automatic Engine Oil-Change Indicator System (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To insure maximum engine life, it is essential that engine oil be changed as required. Some drivers are not aware that the oil should be changed, and others do not know how often to change it. To assist the driver in this regard, an automatic oil-change indicator was developed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In developing the oil-change indicator, it was found that oil temperature, vehicle mileage, engine revolutions, and changes in the physical and chemical properties of the oil during use all provided an indication of oil degradation. Based on these measurements, a mathematical model was developed which relates oil life to oil temperature and either vehicle mileage or engine revolutions. Computer hardware and software suitable for use in a vehicle were developed based on the mathematical model. Vehicle testing, in conjunction with oil analyses, has confirmed the validity of the automatic oil-change indicator system.&lt;/div&gt;
Electron‐impact promoted fragmentation of some substituted isoxazolidines (1970)

Abstract A series of substituted isoxazolidinylacetophenones (II to VI) have been shown to fragment subsequent to electron‐impact in a generally predictable fashion. One characteristic fragmentation of all the compounds investigated was the loss of H 2 O 2 from their respective molecular ions.
Use of perfluoropolyethers as water repellents: study of their behaviour on pietra serena a Florentine building stone (1982)

Perfluoropolyethers of different molecular weights have been tested as water repellents for pietra serena (a sandstone). Rate of water-absorption by the stone was chosen as the parameter indicative of the efficiency of the treatment, About 60% reduction in water-absorption was obtained by applying 30g/m2 of a perfluoropolyether having a molecular weight of 6000–7000 in 50% solution in trichlorotrifluoroethane.
Toward the design and analysis of blind, bouncing robots (2013)

What kind of tasks are robots with extremely simple control laws capable of performing? Consider a point robot that navigates by aligning itself to a certain fixed angle relative to the environment boundary, then driving in a straight line. Even without knowing the robot's exact location, basic, noisy odometry and counting sensors can be used to narrow down the robot's possible locations over time. This paper describes methods of determining the possible locations of the robot after the robot has moved a sufficient distance or has impacted the boundary a sufficient number of times.
The Correlation of Volumetric Tool Wear and Wear Rate of Machining Tools With the Material Removal Rate of Titanium Alloys (2012)

The objective of this paper is to assess the correlation of volumetric tool wear (VTW) and wear rate of carbide tools on the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium alloys. A previously developed methodology for assessing the worn tool material volume is utilized for quantifying the VTW of carbide tools when machining Ti-6Al-4V. To capture the tool substrate response, controlled milling experiments are conducted at suitable corner points of the feed-speed design space for constant stock material removal volumes. For each case, the tool material volumes worn away, as well as the corresponding volumetric wear profile evolution in terms of a set of geometric coefficients are quantified — these are then related to the MRR. Further, the volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW), which is a measure of the cutting tool efficiency, are related to the MRR — these provide a tool-centered optimal MRR in terms of profitability. This work not only elevates tool wear from a 1-D to 3-D concept, but helps in assessing machining economics from a stock material removal efficiency perspective as well.
Theory of Isoperibol Calorimetry for Laser Power and Energy Measurements (1970)

Laser power and energy measurements are commonly made in calorimeters operating in a constant temperature environment. Calorimeters of this type are analyzed in terms of the first law of thermodynamics and the boundary value problem describing heat flow in the calorimeter. This theory of the measurement suggests design features of the calorimeter, sources of error to be avoided in design and operation, and tests to demonstrate experimentally the adequacy of the design. The analysis shows how time—temperature data can be used to allow for the temperature gradient on the calorimeter and the heat exchange due to transients in the temperature.
Self-compensation for trefoil aberration of symmetric dioptric microlithographic lens (2017)

The i-line microlithographic lens with unity magnification can be applied for the 3D integrated circuit steppers. The configuration of the microlithographic lens can be divided into three types: the dioptric type, the catoptric type, and the mixed catoptric and dioptric type. The dioptric type with unity magnification is typically designed as symmetry about the aperture stop on both image and object sides to counterbalance aberrations effectively. The lens mounting is substantially critical for the diffraction-limit microlithographic lens, because mounting stresses and gravity degrade image quality severely. The surface deformation of the kinematic mounting is ultimately low, but the disadvantage is high cost and complicated structures. The three-point mounting belongs to the semi-kinematic mounting without over constrain to decrease the surface deformation significantly instead of the ring mounting; however, the disadvantage is the trefoil aberration caused from large-aperture lenses due to gravity. Clocking lenses is a practical method of compensating the surface figure error for optimum wavefront aberration during pre-assembly phase, and then the time and cost spent on the post-assembly for fine alignment reduce much. The self-compensation by two pairs of symmetric lenses on both sides with 60-degree angle difference is beneficial to compensate the trefoil aberration effectively, and it is a costeffective method to achieve the wavefront error close to the design value. In this study, the self-compensation method for the trefoil deformation of large-aperture lenses employed in the symmetric dioptric microlithographic lens is successfully verified in simulation.
Targeted lipidomics reveals mPGES-1-PGE2 as a therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis (2009)

The arachidonic acid (AA) cascade produces eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins (PGs), that regulate physiological and pathological functions. Although various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed, blocking upstream components (cyclooxygenase-1 and -2) of the AA cascade leads to severe side effects, including gastrointestinal ulcers and cardiovascular events, respectively, due to the complexity of the AA cascade. Here, using an AA cascade-targeted lipidomics approach, we report that microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1) plays a key role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Eicosanoids (mainly PGD(2)) are produced constitutively in the spinal cord of naive mice. However, in EAE lesions, the PGE(2) pathway is favored and the PGD(2), PGI(2), and 5-lipoxygenase pathways are attenuated. Furthermore, mPGES-1(-/-) mice showed less severe symptoms of EAE and lower production of IL-17 and IFN-gamma than mPGES-1(+/+) mice. Expression of PGE(2) receptors (EP1, EP2, and EP4) was elevated in EAE lesions and correlated with clinical symptoms. Immunohistochemistry on central nervous systems of EAE mice and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients revealed overt expression of mPGES-1 protein in microglia/macrophages. Thus, the mPGES-1-PGE(2)-EPs axis of the AA cascade may exacerbate EAE pathology. Our findings have important implications for the design of therapies for MS.
One Hundred Years After “Carcinoid”: Epidemiology of and Prognostic Factors for Neuroendocrine Tumors in 35,825 Cases in the United States (2008)

PURPOSE Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are considered rare tumors and can produce a variety of hormones. In this study, we examined the epidemiology of and prognostic factors for NETs, because a thorough examination of neither had previously been performed. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registries were searched to identify NET cases from 1973 to 2004. Associated population data were used for incidence and prevalence analyses. Results We identified 35,618 patients with NETs. We observed a significant increase in the reported annual age-adjusted incidence of NETs from 1973 (1.09/100,000) to 2004 (5.25/100,000). Using the SEER 9 registry data, we estimated the 29-year limited-duration prevalence of NETs on January 1, 2004, to be 9,263. Also, the estimated 29-year limited-duration prevalence in the United States on that date was 103,312 cases (35/100,000). The most common primary tumor site varied by race, with the lung being the most common in white patients, and the rectum being the most common in Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and African American patients. Additionally, survival duration varied by histologic grade. In multivariate analysis of patients with well-differentiated to moderately differentiated NETs, disease stage, primary tumor site, histologic grade, sex, race, age, and year of diagnosis were predictors of outcome (P < .001). CONCLUSION We observed increased reported incidence of NETs and increased survival durations over time, suggesting that NETs are more prevalent than previously reported. Clinicians need to be become familiar with the natural history and patterns of disease progression, which are characteristic of these tumors.
Rapid DNA extraction from dried blood spots for the alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency detection by real-time PCR (2012)

Background: The use of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens for the genetic screening of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is often limited by low quantity and quality of extracted DNA. Our aim was to develop the method of simple, fast and efficient DNA extraction from DBS samples using commercial kit that effectively eliminates any natural PCR inhibitors allowing for successful AAT genotyping by real-time PCR and direct sequencing. Methods: DNA extracted from 84 DBS samples from COPD patients was genotyped for PI*S and PI*Z AAT deficiency variants by real-time PCR. The results of AAT genotyping were validated by IEF phenotyping and concentration measurement of AAT protein in sera from the same patients. The diagnosis of rare/unknown AAT variants was established by direct sequencing. Results: the proposed method of DNA extraction allowed successful DNA isolation from all analyzed DBS samples. Both quantity and quality of DNA were sufficient for further real-time PCR and genetic sequence analysis of all samples. The 100% concordance between AAT DBS genotypes and serum phenotypes in positive detection of two major deficiency alleles was achieved. Both assays, DBS AAT genotyping by real-time PCR and AAT phenotyping by IEF, positively identified PI*S and PI*Z allele in 8 out of 84 (9,5%) and 16 out of 84 (19%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: the proposed procedure minimizes the hand-on-time of DBS samples preparation providing sufficient quantity and quality of genomic DNA to be used for either real-time PCR or genetic sequence analysis, as only good quality DNA template guarantees efficient and reproducible AAT genotyping results in any DBS screening protocol.