gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restacking Exfoliated Layered Compounds (1994)

Abstract Single-molecular-layer MoS2, prepared by exfoliation of lithium-intercalated MoS2 in water or alcohols, was deposited on supports such as carbon black and alumina. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the stacking of MoS2 layers can be perfectly turbostratic. The restacked MoS2 may or may not have water-bilayers between them, depending on the deposition conditions. A special form of the Debye fomula for a turbostratically stacked layer system is introduced and calculated diffraction patterns are compared with the experimental results. On heating, the turbostratic stacking converts to an ordered stacking, accompanied by a structural transformation of the MoS2 layers from a distorted octahedral coordination to a trigonal-prismatic coordination along with dramatic changes in the optical and electrical properties
<title>Display Of Three-Dimensional Discrete Surfaces</title> (1981)

The currently-existing 3-D imaging technologies provide 3-D digital images of scenes in the form of 3-D arrays of numbers. In the representation of an object as a set of voxels, a boundary surface of the object is a set of faces of voxels. In spite of the large number of faces that form a boundary surface of a typical object, fast algorithms for hidden part suppression and shading of such surfaces are made possible by the simplicity of the geometry of the 3-D voxel environment. However, because of the very limited number (only three) of orientations of the faces, the shading rule based on the direction cosine of the face normals and distance of the faces from the observer sometimes produces rough display images of originally smooth surfaces. This causes an undesirable change of smoothness of the display image from one view to another in a dynamic mode of display. We propose a contextual shading scheme which assigns shading to a face based on the local shape of the surface in the neighborhood of the face. The number of computations required per face is kept to a minimum by precomputing and storing all the possible direction cosines used for shading. The new shading algorithm has speeds comparable to that of the algorithm based on three face orientations, and produces far better display images.
Design and Analysis of Blue InGaN/GaN Plasmonic LED for High-Speed, High-Efficiency Optical Communications (2018)

We design, fabricate and analyze a nanostructured plasmonic light emitting diode (LED) that simultaneously increases modulation speed and radiative efficiency, compared to conventional LEDs and unpatterned plasmonic LEDs respectively. Our structure, optimized to ensure its integrability with electrical contacts, couples an InGaN/GaN blue LED with a Ag nanohole grating. Through spatiotemporally resolved photoluminescence measurements, we determine a 40-fold decrease in spontaneous emission lifetime, which sets an upper bound to the direct modulation bandwidth in the GHz regime. Additionally, through careful optimization of the plasmonic nanohole grating, we demonstrate a 10-fold increase in outcoupling efficiency relative to an LED with an unstructured plasmonic film. Our work bridges the plasmonic metamaterial and III-nitride semiconductor communities, laying the groundwork for high-speed, high-efficiency blue plasmonic LEDs for applications in visible light communication and beyond.
A framework for dynamic changes in workflow management systems (2002)

Current workflow management systems (WFMSs) are only applicable in a reliable and secure manner if the business process (BP) to be supported is well structured. As ad hoc deviations from preplanned BPs are rather the norm and form a key part of process flexibility, this limits the applicability of today's workflow (WF) technology significantly. We present a framework for the support of ad hoc structural changes of WFs. Basic to our approach is a conceptual, graph based WF model which has a formal foundation in its syntax and operational semantics. Based upon this model, we have developed a complete and minimal set of change operations which support users in modifying the structure of WFs at runtime, while preserving their correctness and consistency.
Genomewide identification of target genes of histone methyltransferase dG9a during Drosophila embryogenesis (2015)

Post-translational modification of the histone plays important roles in epigenetic regulation of various biological processes. Among the identified histone methyltransferases (HMTases), G9a is a histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9)-specific example active in euchromatic regions. Drosophila G9a (dG9a) has been reported to feature H3K9 dimethylation activity in vivo. Here, we show that the time required for hatching of a homozygous dG9a null mutant and heteroallelic combination of dG9a null mutants is delayed, suggesting that dG9a is at least partially responsible for progression of embryogenesis. Immunocytochemical analyses of the wild-type and the dG9a null mutant flies indicated that dG9a localizes in cytoplasm up to nuclear division cycle 7 where it is likely responsible for di-methylation of nucleosome-free H3K9. From cycles 8-11, dG9a moves into the nucleus and is responsible for di-methylating H3K9 in nucleosomes. RNA-sequence analysis utilizing early wild-type and dG9a mutant embryos showed that dG9a down-regulates expression of genes responsible for embryogenesis. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis further showed temporal and spatial expression patterns of these mRNAs did not significantly change in the dG9a mutant. These results indicate that dG9a controls transcription levels of some zygotic genes without changing temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transcripts of these genes.
Isometric, Isotonic, and Isokinetic Torque Variations in Four Muscle Groups Through a Range of Joint Motion (1983)

The purpose of this investigation was to describe and examine variations in maximal torque produced by knee extension, knee flexion, elbow extension, and elbow flexion through a range of joint motion. Subjects were young, healthy men (n = 16) and women (n = 15). Torque was measured isometrically and isokinetically using a modified Cybex apparatus. Isotonic torque was calculated from a one-repetition maximum using a modified N-K device. Joint angles were monitored with an electrogoniometer. Torque-joint angle curves were constructed for both men and women for each muscle group. Isometric torque was highest, followed by isotonic and isokinetic torque. Torque declined with increasing isokinetic velocity. The angle of peak torque was found to be highly variable in individual subjects. Variations in torque curves were explained in terms of mechanical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system. Muscle group capability was generally found to be well matched to the mechanical requirements of the movement.
Starburst® dendrimers: A conceptual approach to nanoscopic chemistry and architecture (1994)

Abstract The nanoscopic domain of structural complexity, which ranges from 1 to 100 run on a particle size scale includes a relatively unexplored area of science which resides between classical chemistry and molecular biology. This rapidly growing area of science is referred to as nanoscopic chemistry and architecture. Concepts evolving in this area lead to a rich variety of precise structures, architecture and properties. These concepts are based on dendritic macromolecules in general and on Starburst® dendrimers in particular. They envision dendrimers as fundamental building blocks which may be used to synthesize nanoscopic compounds, clusters, polymers, etc. Accordingly, dendrimers are regarded architecturally as functional analogues of atoms; therefore, their potential role in nanoscopic chemistry may be compared to that of the atoms in classical chemistry.
Rings for privacy: An architecture for privacy-preserving user profiling (2014)

In present days, where anyone stays online nearly everywhere and everytime, it is crucial from the viewpoint of service providers to collect consumers data, so that questions such as “what kind of advertisement do they click on?”, “what do they buy online?”, “what IP-TV channels do they watch?” and “what do they like to do on social networks?” are answered and some relevant information about the users' habits and likes are extracted, resold for business, or employed to provide services that are better tailored to the customers' interests. Several privacy issues have however to be taken into account, when sensitive data are managed. We believe that approaches which guarantee the users' privacy have to be pursued: accordingly, we put forth a solution that performs users' profiling and keeps sensitive information private; additionally, it lends itself to a decentralized, cost-effective implementation.
Transfer of Interleukin 2 Receptor Genes Into Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Modification of Tumor Cell Growth (1993)

Genetic modification of IL-2R expression on IL-2R-positive tumor cells in culture significantly alters their proliferative response to IL-2. These observations open a way for developing new strategies for therapy of SCCHN based on direct interactions of IL-2 with its receptor on tumor cells.
Structure and Expression of cDNA for D-Amino Acid Oxidase Active against Cephalosporin C from Fusarium solani (1990)

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) was extracted and purified from cultured mycelia of Fusarium solani M-0718 (FERM P-2688). The enzyme was able to oxidatively deaminate cephalosporin C to 7-beta-(5-carboxy-5-oxopentanamido)cephalosporanic acid. Ninety-eight amino acid residues of the F. solani DAO were determined by sequence analysis of 9 peptides derived from Acromobacter protease I digests of the protein. Complementary DNAs encoding F. solani DAO were isolated from the F. solani cDNA library by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the partial amino acid sequences. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the clones revealed a 1,186-nucleotide sequence with a 5'-terminal untranslated region of 41 nucleotides, an open reading frame of 1,083 nucleotides that encoded 361 amino acids, and a 3'-terminal untranslated region of 62 nucleotides. The amino acid sequence of F. solani DAO had 25% homology to that of porcine kidney DAO [EC 1.4.3.3] and 37% homology to that of Trigonopsis variabilis DAO. The constructed plasmid overproduced F. solani DAO in Escherichia coli. The recombinant DAO had almost the same molecular activity as the native DAO against cephalosporin C.
Factor XIII in human plasma and platelets (1969)

Plasma and platelet factor XIII levels were measured in normal human donors and in a patient congenitally deficient in factor XIII. The purpose of these experiments was to study the role of platelet factor XIII in blood coagulation. On polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, factor XIII activity in extracts of washed normal platelets appeared as a single peak. This peak was missing or very low when factor XIII-deficient platelet extract was used. The patient was also studied before and after transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. Before transfusion, factor XIII activity could not be detected in the patient's plasma or platelet extracts. 24 hr after transfusion the plasma factor XIII level was still at the anticipated value, but factor XIII activity could not be detected in the platelet extracts. These experiments imply that plasma factor XIII was not transported across the platelet membrane in measurable quantities in vivo. This suggests that platelet factor XIII is a true platelet component and originates in the platelet precursor, the megakaryocyte. Thrombelastographic studies suggest that platelet factor XIII participates in the coagulation process. Thrombelastograms of factor XIII-deficient samples had decreased maximum amplitude and clot elasticity values. The abnormalities were fully corrected by the addition of washed normal platelets to factor XIII-deficient plasma; preincubation of the normal platelets in the deficient plasma had no additional effect. This indicates that platelet factor XIII is immediately available during clot formation.
Performance and Characterization of TWIP Steels for Automotive Applications (2013)

Abstract This article reviews the current state of the art in understanding twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with an emphasis on linking microstructure to mechanical behavior by means of microstructure-aware constitutive models. A materials selection exercise is conducted to substantiate that TWIP steels are more desirable than most other materials for use in structural and safety components of automobiles. Gaps in the knowledge of TWIP steels that are hindering their adoption for automotive applications are identified. This review concludes by suggesting fundamental research needs for promoting the design of TWIP steels with improved properties and performance for structural components in automotive applications.
Random forest methodology for model-based recursive partitioning: the mobForest package for R (2013)

The mobForest package implements a random forest type approach for model-based recursive partitioning. The R package along with it source code is available at http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mobForest.
Prenatal molecular diagnosis of X‐linked hydrocephalus via a silent C924T mutation in the L1CAM gene (2014)

We present a case of a patient whose L1CAM gene in X-chromosome has a C924T transition. Her first son's ventriculomegaly was prenatally detected. A mature infant was born, his head circumference was large, and thumbs were bilaterally adducted. X-linked hydrocephalus (XLH) was suspected. The DNA examination revealed that both her and boy's LICAM gene had a C924T transition. She became pregnant 5 years later and amniocentesis was performed. The results of cytogenetic analysis revealed that the fetus was female. She continued her pregnancy and delivered a healthy girl. She again became pregnant 3 years later. The chromosomal analysis revealed that the fetus was male. Fetal DNA analysis determined that the fetus had the inherited mutation. She chose to terminate the pregnancy. A C924T mutation can be disease causing for XLH, and the detection of this mutation would aid in genetic counseling for the prenatal diagnosis of XLH.
Evaluation of a dehydrated test strip for the detection of yeasts. (1975)

Use of a dehydrated test strip for the detection of yeasts is compared with traditional culture on Sabouraud's agar containing 50 mug/ml chloramphenicol. While the selective medium of the strip is satisfactory for the isolation of species of Candida, Torulopsis glabrata grows only very slowly. The strip has the advantage of a long storage life without deterioration, but a high cost may preclude general usage. The numbers of yeasts collected by a bacteriological swab disadvantages of the selective medium, and the value of direct microscopy in the examination of vaginal swabs are discussed.
Current status and effectiveness of mentorship programmes in urology: a systematic review (2014)

The objectives of this review were to identify and evaluate the efficacy of mentorship programmes for minimally invasive procedures in urology and give recommendations on how to improve mentorship. A systematic literature search of the PubMed/Medline databases was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In all, 21 articles were included in the review and divided into four categories: fellowships, mini-fellowships, mentored skills courses and novel mentorship programmes. Various structures of mentorship programme were identified and in general, mentorship programmes were found to be feasible, having content validity and educational impact. Perioperative data showed equally good outcomes when comparing trainees and specialists. Mentorship programmes are effective and represent one of the best current methods of training in urology. However, participation in such programmes is not widespread. The structure of mentorship programmes is highly variable, with no clearly defined 'best approach' for postgraduate training. This review offers recommendations as to how this 'best approach' can be established.
Meniscal Debridement With an Arthroscopic Radiofrequency Wand Versus an Arthroscopic Shaver: Comparative Effects on Menisci and Underlying Articular Cartilage (2006)

Debridement of menisci with a bipolar RF wand produces levels of cell injury and death similar to those of debridement with a basket punch mechanical shaver. The RF wand did not harm underlying articular surfaces and produced a precise cut to the meniscal surface.
Improved bioavailability of the D2-dopamine agonist N-0923 after buccal, nasal or rectal administration compared with oral dosing (1995)

The absorption characteristics after buccal, nasal and rectal administration of N-0923 (S-(—)-2-(N-propyl-N-2-thienylethylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin) were studied in anaesthetized male Wistar rats at a dose of 1.0 μmol kg−1. Plasma concentrations of N-0923 were monitored by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The evaluation of absorption rate and bioavailability was carried out on the basis of the kinetic parameters obtained after a comparable intravenous bolus to freely-moving rats. The amount of intact drug absorbed was calculated by a deconvolution method.



The systemic bioavailabilities were 25.9 ± 16.3, 14.8 ± 10.2 and 8.2 ± 3.5% for nasal, buccal and rectal administration, respectively. Nasal and rectal administration showed a rapid absorption of N-0923 with maximal plasma levels at the first sample point, 5 min after dosing. The buccal route showed a more prolonged absorption profile which was comparable with studies in freely-moving rats. The results indicate that buccal, nasal and rectal administration of N-0923 may be viable alternatives to circumvent the extremely large first-pass effect seen upon oral dosing. In the latter the bioavailability was less than 0.5%.
A cell wall-localized glycine-rich protein of dodder acts as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (2021)

<i>Cuscuta reflexa</i> (giant dodder) is an obligate stem holoparasite withdrawing water, nutrients, and carbohydrates from its hosts. For a broad spectrum of host plants, <i>C. reflexa</i> usually stays unrecognized. The cultivated tomato <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>, as one notable exception, possesses a leucine-rich repeat receptor protein (LRR-RP), Cuscuta receptor 1 (CuRe1), which enables tomato to recognize <i>C. reflexa</i> as a dangerous parasitic invader and to respond with plant immune responses. During the infection process, a glycine-rich protein (GRP) is freed from <i>C. reflexa</i> and gets detected by CuRe1. Here, we focus on the subcellular localization of the GRP within plant cell walls using a fluorescence based co-localization.
The analysis of binary longitudinal data with time independent covariates (1985)

This paper considers extensions of logistic regression to the case where the binary outcome variable is observed repeatedly for each subject. We propose two working models that lead to consistent estimates of the regression parameters and of their variances under mild assumptions about the time dependence within each subject's data. The efficiency of the proposed estimators is examined. An analysis of stress in mothers with infants is presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Design of Water Based Drilling Fluid Systems for Deepwater Norway (2001)

Abstract The technical demands placed on drilling fluids used in the deep waters of Norway differ dramatically from those encountered in any other deepwater basin. Unlike the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico, West Africa or Brazil, seafloor temperatures here can dip as low as –2.5° C (27.5°F), with low ambient surface temperatures the year round. These characteristics combined with constantly changing sea conditions and some of the world's most stringent environmental restrictions, makes the engineering of drilling fluid systems for Norwegian North Sea wells an arduous effort. This paper describes the innovative development and qualification of a water-base drilling fluid system engineered for a well to be drilled in 837 meters (2745 ft) of water off Norway. The pre-qualified fluid was required to inhibit hydrates under normal drilling conditions and possess excellent shale inhibition characteristics to support hole stability and avoid bit balling. Since the primary objective was to obtain a non-contaminated formation water sample, the system must possess superb fluid loss control so the operator could avoid a full drill stem test, thereby saving some US$8 million. Furthermore, the qualified system would have to meet local environmental regulations for offshore discharge of cuttings and excess fluids. The authors will discuss the development protocol, the qualification of the novel fluid system and its application in the technically demanding Norwegian well. During the development phases, two hydrate testers were qualified and employed in both designing the fluid and to monitor its hydrate inhibitive tendencies during drilling. In addition, the particle size distribution and polymer concentration were engineered to reduce the filtrate invasion, while polymers were specially selected for improved rheological parameters to cope with the cold temperatures. The behavior of a number of glycols and salts were characterized prior to the start of drilling. The practical approach to qualify the novel fluid system will be explained in detail, emphasizing its use as a guideline to help non-fluid specialists design drilling fluids for this unique deepwater environment
Cell-specific expression of artificial microRNAs targeting essential genes exhibit potent antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2015)

To achieve specific and potent antitumor effect of hepatocyte carcinoma cells, replication defective adenoviral vectors, namely rAd/AFP-amiRG, rAd/AFP-amiRE and rAd/AFP-amiRP, were constructed which were armed with artificial microRNAs (amiRs) targeting essential functional genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and DNA polymerase α respectively under the control of a recombinant promoter comprised of human α-fetoprotein enhancer and basal promoter. The AFP enhancer/promoter showed specific high transcription activity in AFP-positive HCC cells Hep3B, HepG2 and SMMC7721, while low in AFP-negative cell Bcap37. All artificial microRNAs exhibited efficient knockdown of target genes. Decreased ATP production and protein synthesis was observed in rAd/AFP-amiRG and rAd/AFP-amiRE treated HCC cells. All three recombinant adenoviruses showed efficient blockage of cell cycle progression and significant suppression of HCC cells in vitro. In nude mice model bearing Hep3B xenograft, administration of rAd/AFP-amiRG showed potent antitumor effect. The strategy of tumor-specific knockdown of genes essential for cell survival and proliferation may suggest a novel promising approach for HCC gene therapy.