gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Difference Fourier Analysis of Glucose Embedded and Frozen Hydrated Purple Membrane (1982)

Although difference Fourier techniques are standard in X-ray crystallography it has only been very recently that electron crystallographers have been able to take advantage of this method. We have combined a high resolution data set for frozen glucose embedded Purple Membrane (PM) with a data set collected from PM prepared in the frozen hydrated state in order to visualize any differences in structure due to the different methods of preparation. The increased contrast between protein-ice versus protein-glucose may prove to be an advantage of the frozen hydrated technique for visualizing those parts of bacteriorhodopsin that are embedded in glucose. In addition, surface groups of the protein may be disordered in glucose and ordered in the frozen state. The sensitivity of the difference Fourier technique to small changes in structure provides an ideal method for testing this hypothesis.
Focusing and spin polarization of atomic hydrogen beam (2021)

We have developed a spin-polarized-hydrogen beam with a hexapole magnet. By combining the beam chopper and pulsed laser ionization detection, the time-of-flight of the hydrogen beam was measured, and the dependence of the beam profile on the velocity was acquired, which was consistent with the beam trajectory simulations. The spin polarization of the beam was analyzed by using the Stern-Gerlach-type magnet in combination with the spatial scan of the detection laser. The spin polarization was about 95% at a focusing condition due to the hexapole magnet. The polarization was, on the other hand, reduced to about 70% for the beam at higher velocities, which is consistent with simulation results.
Solar activity and lunar precessions influence extreme sea-level variability in the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts (2020)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Solar activity and lunar precessions influence extreme sea-level variability in the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastsAuthors Arnoldo Valle-Levinson iD Jonathan B. Martin See all authors Arnoldo Valle-LevinsoniDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorUniversity of FloridaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-0971view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJonathan B. MartinDepartment of Geology University of Floridaview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Influence of Body and Head Angular Velocity on Brain Injury Prediction in Pedestrian Accidents (2017)

Pedestrian protection has historically not been prioritized in the vehicle safety development, but represents a large portion of the severe and deadly injuries in vehicle accidents. One of the most ...
Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: the first case study in Finland, January to February 2020 (2020)

The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020. No secondary cases were detected. We describe the clinical picture and laboratory findings 3-23 days since the first symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2/Finland/1/2020 virus strain was isolated, the genome showing a single nucleotide substitution to the reference strain from Wuhan. Neutralising antibody response appeared within 9 days along with specific IgM and IgG response, targeting particularly nucleocapsid and spike proteins.
Structural variation and fusion detection using targeted sequencing data from circulating cell free DNA (2019)

SViCT is available at https://github.com/vpc-ccg/svict. Contact:faraz.hach@ubc.ca.
Modeling, validation and verification of three-dimensional cell-scaffold contacts from terabyte-sized images (2017)

The novelty of our approach lies in (1) representing cell-scaffold contact sites with statistical intensity and geometrical shape models, (2) designing a methodology for validating 3D geometrical contact models and (3) devising a mechanism for visual verification of hundreds of 3D measurements. The raw and processed data are publicly available from https://isg.nist.gov/deepzoomweb/data/ together with the web -based verification system.
Transient global amnesia after coronary angiography (1986)

A 69-year-old woman suffered transient global amnesia as a complication following coronary angiography. Three reports have been described earlier. The etiology of this condition is discussed. Possibly, this complication is overlooked in some cases.
ELEMENTAL SULFUR REACTIONS WITH 4-PICOLINE (1986)

Abstract A study of the reaction of the elemental sulfur with 4-picoline is reported. The process was carried out at the boiling point of the 4-picoline under argon. After removing unreacted solids, the reaction products were identified by means of LC, GC, and GC-MS. The following products have been identified: 1,2-di[4-pyridyl]-ethane, 1,2-di[4-pyridyl]-ethene, 1,2,3-tri[4-pyridyl]-propane, tetra[4-pyridyl]-thiophene, E and Z isomers of 1,2,3-tri[4-pyridyl]-propene, 6-[4-pyridyl]-thieno[3,2-clpyridine and 10-[4-pyridyl]-pyrido[3″4″:5′,4′]cyclopenta[2′,3′:4,5] thieno[2,3-clpyridine. Radical mechanisms for the reactions have been proposed. The catalytic effect of sodium hydroxide on this reaction has also been confirmed as well as the mechanism of the catalysis has been suggested. This study corroborates suggestions concerning the mechanisms of formation of the heterocyclic nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds from an organic matter under geological conditions.
Localization of the Effector-specifying Regions of Gi2α and Gqα (1996)

Heterotrimeric G proteins transmit hormonal and sensory signals received by cell surface receptors to effector proteins that regulate cellular processes. Members of the highly conserved family of alpha subunits specifically modulate the activities of a diverse array of effector proteins. To investigate the determinants of alpha subunit-effector specificity, we localized the effector-specifying regions of alphai2, which inhibits adenylyl cyclase, and alphaq, which stimulates phosphoinositide phospholipase C using chimeric alpha subunits. The chimeras were generated using an in vivo recombination method in Escherichia coli. The effector-specifying regions of both alphai2 and alphaq were localized within the GTPase domain. An alphaq/alphai2/alphaq chimera containing only 78 alphai2 residues within the GTPase domain robustly inhibited adenylyl cyclase. This alphai2 segment includes regions corresponding to two of the three regions of alphas that activate adenylyl cyclase, but does not include any of the alpha subunit regions that switch conformation upon binding GTP. Replacement of the alphaq residues that comprise the helical domain with the homologous alphai2 residues resulted in a chimeric alpha subunit that activated phospholipase C. Combined with previous studies of the effector-specifying residues of alphas and alphat, our results suggest that the effector specificity of alpha subunits is generally determined by the GTPase and not the helical domain.
STUDIES TO INCREASE THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF 1-(TETRAHYDRO-2-FURANYL)-5-FLUOROURACIL AND ITS METABOLIC ASPECTS BY COMBINED ADMINISTRATION WITH L-CYSTEINE (1983)

The plasma and liver concentrations of both 1 -(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an active metabolite of FT, increased very markedly after administration of FT (500 mg/kg, p.o.) combined with L-cysteine (L-CYS, 500 mg/kg, i.p. or p.o.) when compared to FT alone in rats. On the other hand, the oral acute toxicity of FT was also enhanced with the combined administration of FT and L-CYS. There was no difference in the in situ absorption rate of FT from the small intestine between rats treated with L-CYS (500 mg/kg, i.v.) and vehicle-treated controls. The inhibition of the disappearance of FT and the increase of the formation of 5-FU was observed in vitro after incubation of FT with liver microsomes from rats treated with L-CYS (500 mg/kg, p.o.) when compared to vehicle-treated controls. The presence of L-CYS significantly inhibited the in vitro degradation of 5-FU by non-treated rat liver homogenate. In the drug metabolizing enzyme activity of rat liver microsomes, aniline p-hydroxylase activity was inhibited, but aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was conversely activated by the combined administration of FT and L-CYS, but not by FT alone; furthermore, no change of cytochrome P-450 content was observed. In sarcoma 180 bearing mice, the oral antitumor activity of FT in combination with L-CYS (500 mg/ kg, i.p. or p.o.) was about 1.1-2.0 times higher than that of FT alone. It was concluded from these findings that the drug metabolizing enzymes in liver involved in the conversion of FT into an active metabolite, 5-FU, are influenced by the combined administration of FT and L-CYS to give an increased organ level of 5-FU; and this resulted in the enhancement of the antitumor activity of FT.
Efficient shortening of self-chirped picosecond pulses in a high-power CO_2 amplifier (2001)

We report a factor-of-6 shortening of the 240-ps (FWHM) pulses in a triple-pass, 2.5-atm CO(2) amplifier. This technique is based on the self-phase modulation of a 10-mum pulse in a plasma after the first pass of amplification, followed by narrowing of this chirped pulse during further amplification. Subsequently, strong power broadening provides the necessary bandwidth to amplify 40-ps pulses to terawatt power levels.
Electrical Conductivity of Thermally Ionized Air Produced in a Shock Tube (1957)

The electrical conductivity of shock-heated air at equilibrium temperature from 3500°K to 6200°K, and at densities of the order of 0.01 NTP, has been measured, using the shock wave-magnetic field interaction technique reported by Lin, Resler, and Kantrowitz. The experimental results indicated that the ionization process builds up quickly behind the shock front, and that the measured conductivity agrees quite well with calculated values based on the equilibrium degree of ionization, the electron diffusion cross sections for the molecular species available in the literature, and on a theoretical estimate of the scattering cross sections for oxygen and nitrogen atoms by Hammerling, Shine, and Kivel based on the Hartree potential with appropriate exchange and polarization terms.
Effects of time-reversal symmetric gauge fields on the groundstate properties of carbon nanotubes and tori: Persistent currents in twisted tori and local energy gap in deformed tubes (2005)

The basic properties of conducting electrons in carbon nanotubes are reviewed from a theoretical perspective, and studies performed on persistent currents in toroidal carbon nanotubes and on the local energy gap in deformed nanotubes are reported on.
Networking Concepts and Protocols (2004)

In this chapter, we introduce some of the basic networking concepts and protocols. The chapter serves as a foundation to networking that will allow you to tackle programming in the rest of the book. It doesn't matter if you plan to develop server applications running as Windows Services (offering some data for clients using a custom protocol), if you write client applications that request data from web servers, or if you create multicasting or mailing applications—you should start with reading this chapter. If you don't already know what a router or a network switch is, if you aren't sure about the functionality of the seven layers in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol model, or if you just want a refresher or an overview of the different network protocols and their uses, then this chapter is addressed to you.KeywordsTransmission Control ProtocolInternet ProtocolAsynchronous Transfer ModeNetworking ConceptInternet Protocol AddressThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Function of Gamma Interferon-Inducible GTP-Binding Protein IGTP in Host Resistance toToxoplasma gondiiIs Stat1 Dependent and Requires Expression in Both Hematopoietic and Nonhematopoietic Cellular Compartments (2002)

IGTP is a member of the 47-kDa family of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-induced GTPases. We have previously shown that IGTP is critical for host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that T. gondii-induced IGTP expression in vivo and IFN-gamma-driven synthesis of the protein in vitro are dependent on Stat1. Consistent with this observation, Stat1-deficient animals succumbed to T. gondii infection with the same rapid kinetics as IGTP(-/-) mice. To ascertain the cellular levels at which IGTP functions in host control of acute infection, we constructed reciprocal bone marrow chimeras between IGTP-deficient and wild-type mice. Resistance to infection was observed only when IGTP was present in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments. To assess the possible contribution of IGTP to the maintenance of parasite latency, partial chemotherapy was used to allow the establishment of chronic infection in IGTP-deficient animals. Upon cessation of drug treatment, these animals showed delayed mortality compared with similarly infected and treated IFN-gamma-deficient or inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice, which succumbed rapidly. Parallel experiments performed with drug-treated bone marrow chimeras supported a role for the hematopoietic compartment in this NO-dependent, IGTP-independent control of chronic infection. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that host resistance mediated by IGTP is a Stat1-induced function which in the case of T. gondii acts predominantly to restrict acute as opposed to chronic infection. This effector mechanism requires expression of IGTP in cells of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin. In contrast, in latent infection, hematopoietically derived cells mediate resistance by means of a largely NO-dependent pathway.
Supplementary Figure from KRAS Mutants Upregulate Integrin β4 to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from KRAS Mutants Upregulate Integrin β4 to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Toward unstained cytology and complete blood counts at the point of care (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Cytology tests, whether performed on body fluids, aspirates, or scrapings are commonly used to detect, diagnose, and monitor a wide variety of health conditions. Complete blood counts (CBCs) quantify the number of red and white blood cells in a blood volume, as well as the different types of white blood cells. There is a critical unmet need for an instrument that can perform CBCs at the point of care (POC), and there is currently no product in the US that can perform this test at the bedside. We have developed a system that is capable of tomographic images with sub-cellular resolution with consumer-grade broadband (LED) sources and CMOS detectors suitable for POC implementation of CBC tests. The systems consists of cascaded static Michelson and Sagnac interferometers that map phase (encoding depth) and a transverse spatial dimension onto a two-dimensional output plane. Our approach requires a 5 microliter sample, can be performed in 5 minutes or less, and does not require staining or other processing as it relies on intrinsic contrast. We will show results directly imaging and differentiating unstained blood cells using supercontinuum fiber lasers and LEDs as sources and CMOS cameras as sensors. We will also lay out the follow up steps needed, including image segmentation, analysis and classification, to verify performance and advance toward CBCs that can be performed bedside and do not require CLIA-certified laboratories.
MRI-guided selection of patients for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (2014)

Although the efficacy of acute stroke treatment is time dependent, the use of fixed time windows cannot account for individual differences in infarct evolution, which could potentially be detected with MRI. Although MRI shows promise for identifying patients who should be treated, as well as excluding patients who should not be treated, definitive evidence is still lacking. Future research should focus on validating the use of MRI to select patients for intravenous therapies in extended time windows.
M2+ and Ln3+-catalyzed synthesis of a [1,2,4]triazine core via intramolecular C–H/N–H functionalization and C–N bond formation (M = Mn, Zn, Cd; Ln = Dy, Tb) (2014)

A novel approach for the direct construction of a 1,2,4-triazine core <italic>via</italic> metal catalyzed intramolecular C–H/N–H functionalization has been developed.
Theory of laser cooling of semiconductor quantum wells (2008)

Abstract We present a microscopic many‐body theory of laser cooling of semiconductor quantum wells. The cooling mechanism is the upconversion of pump photons through absorption and subsequent luminescence by an electron–hole–exciton mixture maintained at steady state in the quantum well. Assuming this Coulomb plasma to be in quasi‐thermal equilibrium, our theory calculates its absorption/luminescence spectra within a diagrammatic (real‐time) Green's function approach at the self‐consistent T‐matrix level. These spectra are used in a cooling threshold analysis for GaAs quantum wells that also takes into account other losses into heat. We compare the present results with previous ones obtained for bulk GaAs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparison of the efficiency of five different commercial DNA extraction kits for extraction of DNA from faecal samples (2013)

Differences in the composition of the gut microbiota have been associated with a range of diseases using culture-independent methods. Reliable extraction of nucleic acid is a key step in identifying the composition of the faecal microbiota. Five widely used commercial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction kits (QIAsymphony® Virus/Bacteria Midi Kit (kit QS), ZR Fecal DNA MiniPrep™ (kit Z), QIAamp® DNA Stool Mini Kit (kit QA), Ultraclean® Fecal DNA Isolation Kit (kit U) and PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit (kit P)) were evaluated, using human faecal samples. Yield, purity and integrity of total genomic DNA were compared spectrophotometrically and using gel electrophoresis. Three bacteria, commonly found in human faeces were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and total bacterial diversity was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as well as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The measurements of DNA yield and purity exhibited variations between the five kits tested in this study. Automated kit QS exhibited the best quality and highest quantity of DNA. All kits were shown to be reproducible with CV values≤0.46 for DNA extraction. qPCR results showed that all kits were uniformly efficient for extracting DNA from the selected target bacteria. DGGE and T-RFLP produced the highest diversity scores for DNA extracted using kit Z (H'=2.30 and 1.27) and kit QS (H'=2.16 and 0.94), which also extracted the highest DNA yields compared to the other kits assessed.
Transplantation of CG4 oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the myelin-deficient rat brain results in myelination of axons and enhanced oligodendroglial markers (1997)

Transplantation of oligodendrocyte (Ol) progenitor cells into the central nervous system is a promising approach for the treatment of myelin disorders. This approach requires providing adequate numbers of healthy cells with myelinating potential. We recently showed the successful transplantation of Ol progenitors into the myelin-deficient (md) rat brain. In the present work, CG4 cells, a cell line with properties of Ol progenitors, were labeled with fast blue and grafted into P3-P5 pups born to carrier mothers. Examination of host brains 2 weeks posttransplant indicated that CG4 cells display a much more extensive migration capacity than their wild-type counterparts. These cells synthesized myelin components. In addition, ultrastructural analysis showed myelin formation along axons of md hosts in various brain regions, including corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Furthermore, in situ hybridization studies performed on sagittal sections revealed extensive expression of transferrin-mRNA within the md host parenchyma. The high survival and functional features displayed by CG4 cells after transplantation, together with their striking wide distribution within the host parenchyma, as assessed by the presence of myelinated fibers in mutant hosts, emphasizes the importance of using highly motile and proliferative Ol progenitor cells. Strategies to improve the condition and life span of md rat pups are currently under investigation.
Peripheral engraftment of fetal intestine into athymic mice sponsors T cell development: direct evidence for thymopoietic function of murine small intestine. (1992)

Adult athymic, lethally irradiated, F1-->parent bone marrow-reconstituted (AT x BM) mice were engrafted bilaterally with day 16-18 fetal intestine or fetal thymus into the kidney capsule and were studied for evidence of peripheral T cell repopulation of 1-12 wk postengraftment. Throughout that time period, both types of grafts were macroscopically and histologically characteristic of differentiated thymus or intestine tissues, respectively. Beginning at week 2 postengraftment, clusters of lymphocytes were present within intestine grafts, particularly in subepithelial regions and in areas below villus crypts. As determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analyses, lymphocytes from spleen and lymph nodes of sham-engrafted mice (AT x BM-SHAM) were essentially void of T cells, whereas in AT x BM thymus-engrafted (AT x BM-THG) mice, which served as a positive control for T cell repopulation, normal levels of T cells were present in spleen and lymph nodes by week 3 postengraftment, and at times thereafter. Most striking, however, was the finding that T cell repopulation of the spleen and lymph nodes occurred in AT x BM fetal intestine-engrafted (AT x BM-FIG) mice beginning 3 wk postengraftment. Based on H-2 expression, peripheral T cells in AT x BM-FIG mice were of donor bone marrow origin, and consisted of CD3+, T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha/beta+ T cells with both CD4+8- and CD4-8+ subsets. Peripheral T cells in AT x BM-FIG mice were functionally mature, as demonstrated by their capacity to proliferate after stimulation of CD3 epsilon. Moreover, alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated in primary in vitro cultures of spleen cells from AT x BM-FIG and AT x BM-THG mice, though not in spleen cell cultures from AT x BM-SHAM mice. Histologic studies of engrafted tissues 3-4 wk postengraftment demonstrated that thymus leukemia (Tl) antigens were expressed on epithelial surfaces of intestine grafts, and that both TCR-alpha/beta+ and TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes were present in intestine grafts. Collectively, these findings indicate that the murine small intestine has the capacity to initiate and regulate T cell development from bone marrow precursors, thus providing a mechanism by which extrathymic development of intestine lymphocytes occur.