gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Automated General Manager: Can an Algorithmic System for Drafts, Trades, and Free Agency Outperform Human Front Offices? (2017)

An automated system using machine learning methods, applied to a broad historical database, while avoiding survivorship bias, and for a variety of performance metrics, is developed and tested against actual historical human performance, for drafts, free agency, and trades, in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The resulting system is robust, comprehensive, realistic, and does not overfit information from the future. Backtested over 10 years in a partial equilibrium non-zero-sum setting where only one team can benefit from its recommendations, the automated general manager would have outperformed the actual historical production of every single team, by substantial margins. From draft decisions alone, the average team lost about $130 million worth of on-court productivity relative to what they could have had with the automated general manager in total over the decade; this shortfall represents a quarter of the average franchise value. Thus, the general management of sports franchises may benefit substantially from automation.
Protein Spreading Kinetics at Liquid−Solid Interfaces via an Adsorption Probe Method (2005)

We report the areal growth kinetics of fibrinogen adsorbed on model hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces measured via an adsorption probe method. This approach exploits the adsorption of probe molecules to determine the evolution of fibrinogen test molecules under conditions where the fibrinogen test molecules adsorb at relatively dilute surface conditions, minimizing interactions between them. It is found that fibrinogen test molecules spread from an average initial footprint of 100 nm2 to a final footprint near 500 nm2 per molecule on the hydrophobic surface, with a single-exponential decay of 1735 s. On a hydrophilic monolayer, the area increases from 100 to 160 nm2 with a characteristic time of 6740 s. These results demonstrate the power of the adsorption probe approach and comprise the first measurements of the averaged area relaxations of adsorbed proteins. The observation of single-exponential dynamics is remarkable, given the extensive relaxation on the hydrophobic surface, which must involve fibrinogen denaturing.
ChemInform Abstract: Electro‐Organic Reactions. Part 29. Cathodic Reduction Activated by Arene‐Chromium Tricarbonyl Complexation. (1987)

Abstract The chromium tricarbonyl complexes of arenes such as (III) ‐ (VII) are electrochemically reduced at potentials lower than the reduction potentials of the corresponding arenes.
Effect of chemical oxidizers and enzymatic treatments on the baking quality of doughs formulated with five Canadian spring wheat cultivars (2020)

For many years, the baking industry has been using chemical improvers as a way for compensating for flour quality variation due to growing conditions or wheat cultivar. However, the replacement of chemical dough improvers with natural ingredients or processing aids (i.e. enzymes) allows for the production of 'cleaner label' products. In the present research, dough and bread properties (mixing time, oven rise, loaf volume, crumb firmness and C-cell parameters) were analysed as a function of wheat cultivar (Glenn, Harvest, Lillian, CDC Plentiful and Stettler), additive-type (ascorbic acid, azodicarbonamide, glucose oxidase and fungal xylanase) and concentration. Overall, the cultivar Glenn appeared to have improved baking performance relative to the other cultivars, regardless of the additive and additive concentration. On the other hand, Stettler showed poorer baking quality and performance even with the addition of oxidizers and enzymes in relation to the control. The concentration of additive was found to have little or no effect on improving baking properties within each cultivar. Enzymes had similar or better performance than oxidizers in most cases.
Fine-needle biopsy is superior to fine-needle aspiration of suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a large multicenter study (2019)

<b>Background and study aims </b> There are numerous studies published on the diagnostic yield of the new fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles in pancreas masses. However, there are limited studies in suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST lesions). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a new fork-tip FNB needle. <b>Patients and methods</b> This was a multicenter retrospective study of consecutive patients from prospectively maintained databases comparing endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNB (EUS-FNB) using the fork-tip needle. Outcomes measured were cytopathology yield (ability to obtain tissue for analysis of cytology), ability to analyze the tissue for immunohistochemistry (IHC yield), and diagnostic yield (ability to provide a definitive diagnosis). <b>Results</b> A total of 147 patients were included in the study of which 101 underwent EUS-FNB and 46 patients underwent EUS-FNA. Median lesion size in each group was similar (21 mm vs 25 mm, <i>P</i> = 0.25). Cytopathology yield, IHC yield, and diagnostic yield were 92 % vs 46 % ( <i>P</i> = 0.001), 89 % vs 41 % ( <i>P</i> = 0.001), and 89 % vs 37 % ( <i>P</i> = 0.001) between the FNB and FNA groups, respectively. Median number of passes was the same between the two groups at 3.5. <b>Conclusion</b> EUS-FNB is superior to EUS-FNA for diagnostic yield of suspected GIST lesions. This should be confirmed with a prospective study.
Acute effects of insulin and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia on carotid body chemoreceptor activity and cardiorespiratory responses in dogs (2022)

The carotid body chemoreceptors (CBC) play an important role in the adaptive counter-regulatory response to hypoglycaemia by evoking the CBC-mediated sympathetic neuronal system to restore normoglycaemia. Ex vivo studies have shown varied responses of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on CBC function, and several in vivo studies have indirectly established the role of CBCs in restoring normoglycaemia in both animals and humans. However, a direct effect of insulin and/or insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on CBC activity is not established in animal models. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo effects of insulin and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on CBC activity and cardiorespiration in a preclinical large animal model. The carotid sinus nerve (CSN) activity and cardiorespiratory responses to sodium cyanide (NaCN; 25 µg/kg) were compared before (euglycaemic) and after (hypoglycaemic) intracarotid administration of insulin (12.5-100 µU/dogs) in beagle dogs. Insulin administration increased CSN activity and minute ventilation ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:annotation>$\dot V$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> <sub>E</sub> ) with significant (P < 0.0001) effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Insulin-mediated effects on CSN and cardiorespiration were sustained and the change in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:annotation>$\dot V$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> <sub>E</sub> was driven by tidal volume only. Insulin significantly (P < 0.0001) lowered blood glucose level. NaCN-mediated CSN activity and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:annotation>$\dot V$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> <sub>E</sub> were significantly (P < 0.0001) augmented during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. The augmented <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:annotation>$\dot V$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> <sub>E</sub> was primarily driven by respiratory frequency and partially by tidal volume. The cardiovascular reflex response mediated through CBC stimulation was significantly (P < 0.0001) exacerbated during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Collectively, these results demonstrate direct effects of insulin and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on CBC chemosensitivity to potentiate CBC-mediated neuroregulatory pathways to initiate adaptive neuroendocrine and cardiorespiratory counter-regulatory responses to restore normoglycaemia.
Ultra-High Throughput Low-Power Packet Classification (2013)

Packet classification is used by networking equipment to sort packets into flows by comparing their headers to a list of rules, with packets placed in the flow determined by the matched rule. A flow is used to decide a packet's priority and the manner in which it is processed. Packet classification is a difficult task due to the fact that all packets must be processed at wire speed and rulesets can contain tens of thousands of rules. The contribution of this paper is a hardware accelerator that can classify up to 433 million packets per second when using rulesets containing tens of thousands of rules with a peak power consumption of only 9.03 W when using a Stratix III field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The hardware accelerator uses a modified version of the HyperCuts packet classification algorithm, with a new pre-cutting process used to reduce the amount of memory needed to save the search structure for large rulesets so that it is small enough to fit in the on-chip memory of an FPGA. The modified algorithm also removes the need for floating point division to be performed when classifying a packet, allowing higher clock speeds and thus obtaining higher throughputs.
A Functional Plasminogen Assay Utilizing the Potentiating Effect of Fibrinogen to Correct for the Overestimation of Plasminogen in Pathological Plasma Samples (1985)

An overestimation of the plasminogen concentration occurs in patients with elevated levels of fibrin degradation products (fdp) and/or fibrinogen, when using assays based on the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase (Sk) followed by the hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic substrate. This source of error could be overcome by addition of fibrinogen in excess to the plasminogen assay thereby obtaining maximum stimulation of the Sk-plasminogen complex. The late degradation products of fibrinogen and fibrin, Dcate and Ddimer, respectively, had no potentiating effect on the Sk-plasminogen complex. The modified assay was designed as a manual method or for a centrifugal analyzer. The excellent reproducibility is illustrated by the coefficient of variation (CV) within series being 1.3% (n = 24) and from day to day being 1.9% (n = 20).
Ferrous Ions and Reactive Oxygen Species Increase Antigen-binding and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Immunoglobulin G (2005)

Polyspecific antibodies represent a first line of defense against infection and regulate inflammation, properties hypothesized to rely on their ability to interact with multiple antigens. We demonstrated that IgG exposure to pro-oxidative ferrous ions or to reactive oxygen species enhances paratope flexibility and hydrophobicity, leading to expansion of the spectrum of recognized antigens, regulation of cell proliferation, and protection in experimental sepsis. We propose that ferrous ions, released from transferrin and ferritin at sites of inflammation, synergize with reactive oxygen species to modify the immunoglobulins present in the surrounding microenvironment, thus quenching pro-inflammatory signals, while facilitating neutralization of pathogens.
Button selection for general GUIs using eye and hand together (2000)

This paper proposes an efficient technique for eye gaze interface suitable for the general GUI environments such as Microsoft Windows. Our technique uses an eye and a hand together: the eye for moving cursors onto the GUI button (move operation), and the hand for pushing the GUI button (push operation). We also propose the following two techniques to assist the move operation: (1) Automatic adjustment and (2) Manual adjustment. In the automatic adjustment, the cursor automatically moves to the closest GUI button when we push a mouse button. In the manual adjustment, we can move the cursor roughly by an eye, then move it a little more by the mouse onto the GUI button. In the experiment to evaluate our method, GUI button selection by manual adjustment showed better performance than the selection by a mouse even in the situation that has many small GUI buttons placed very closely each other on the GUI.
Studies on Phage Internal Proteins: Formation of Internal Protein -- T2 DNA Complexes in vivo (1976)

SUMMARY Internal proteins, synthesized in T2-infected Escherichia coli b cells were recovered from bacterial membranes during the early stages of infection. Approx. 15 min after the onset of infection, T2 and T4 internal proteins were released from the bacterial membranes and sedimented along with newly synthesized phage DNA. Internal protein-DNA complexes were also obtained by chromatography on hydroxylapatite columns. Internal proteins were not released from bacterial membranes after infection with amber mutants defective in genes 21, 22 and 23. It has been suggested that these complexes are intermediates in T-even phage morphogenesis.
Association of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection of the Central Nervous System with Recurrence of Febrile Convulsions (1993)

To determine the relationship of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection to febrile convulsions, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with a history of febrile convulsion were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for HHV-6 DNA. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 9 of 10 samples from patients with exanthem subitum who showed neurologic symptoms. Also, 8 of 10 CSF samples from 8 patients who had three or more febrile convulsions and 1 of 7 CSF samples from patients who had a single febrile convulsion contained HHV-6 DNA. These data suggest that HHV-6 may invade the brain during the acute phase of exanthem subitum and that recurrence of febrile convulsions may be associated with reactivation of HHV-6.
Technology Demonstration of a Novel Seabed Resident Event-Driven Profiling System (2021)

The seabed resident event-driven profiling system (SREP) was deployed in the northeastern Arabian Sea for winter convention studies. SREP is an autonomous profiling system consisting of two parts: a stationary seabed unit and a positively buoyant tethered profiling unit (profiler). It offers a novel and optimized approach to profiling in coastal waters from close to seabed (14.63 m above seabed) to the sea surface. The seabed unit houses an underwater winch system, underwater acoustic modem, pressure sensor, low-power electronics, batteries and divinylcell hydraulic crush point foam for subsea applications. The profiler houses a suite of oceanographic sensors: conductivitytemperature-depth, DO, chlorophyll, PAR, underwater acoustic modem, low-power electronics, batteries and divinylcell hydraulic crush point foam for subsea applications. The underwater winch system on the seabed unit spools out and spools in the profiler throughout the water column. Data acquisition on the profiler is done during ascending. The profiler ascends gradually in the water column at an average velocity of 20 cm/s. The seabed unit and the profiling unit communicate using a pair of underwater acoustic modems operating at 18-34 kHz. SREP was developed to obtain time-series water column measurements of coastal waters during the summer monsoon season (June-September) when the sea wave and wind conditions are extreme, thus making it difficult to deploy profiling packages from the ship. A description of SREP and observations made during the field deployment are presented in this article.
Strider Search Ranger: Towards an Autonomic Anti-Spam Search Engine (2007)

Search spammers use questionable search engine optimization techniques to promote their spam links into top search results. Large-scale spammers target commerce queries that they can monetize and attempt to spam as many top search results of those queries as possible. We model the large-scale search spam problem as that of defending against correlated attacks on search rankings across multiple keywords, and propose an autonomic anti-spam approach based on self-monitoring and self- protection. In this new approach, search engines monitor and correlate their own search results of spammer-targeted keywords to detect large-scale spam attacks that have successfully bypassed their current anti-spam solutions. They then initiate self-protection through targeted patrol of spam-heavy domains, targeted hunting at the sources of successful spam, and strengthening of specific weakness in the ranking algorithms. We describe the strider search ranger system which implements this new approach, and focus on its use to defend against an important class of search spam - the redirection spam - as a demonstration of the general concept. We evaluate the system by testing it against actual search results and show that it can detect useful spam patterns and eliminate a significant amount of spam for all three major search engines.
Guinea pig immunoglobulin VH and VL naïve repertoire analysis (2018)

The guinea pig has been used as a model to study various human infectious diseases because of its similarity to humans regarding symptoms and immune response, but little is known about the humoral immune response. To better understand the mechanism underlying the generation of the antibody repertoire in guinea pigs, we performed deep sequencing of full-length immunoglobulin variable chains from naïve B and plasma cells. We gathered and analyzed nearly 16,000 full-length VH, Vκ and Vλ genes and analyzed V and J gene segment usage profiles and mutation statuses by annotating recently reported genome data of guinea pig immunoglobulin genes. We found that approximately 70% of heavy, 73% of kappa and 81% of lambda functional germline V gene segments are integrated into the actual V(D)J recombination events. We also found preferential use of a particular V gene segment and accumulated mutation in CDRs 1 and 2 in antigen-specific plasma cells. Our study represents the first attempt to characterize sequence diversity in the expressed guinea pig antibody repertoire and provides significant insight into antibody repertoire generation and Ig-based immunity of guinea pigs.
Microstrain Alleviation in High-Energy Ni-Rich NCMA Cathode for Long Battery Life (2020)

A hybrid-structured Li[Ni0.9Co0.045Mn0.045Al0.01] (HS-NCMA90) cathode is proposed, in which Li[Ni0.92Co0.04Mn0.03Al0.01]O2 forms the interior of the cathode particle enclosed in a buffer layer of Li[Ni0.845Co0.067Mn0.078Al0.01]O2. The hybrid structure is compositionally partitioned into interior and outer regions and develops radially aligned, size-refined primary particles with a high aspect ratio. This optimized microstructure enables the primary particles to contract uniformly and produces differential states of stress that apply compressive stress to the particle interior, thereby effectively suppressing the propagation of microcracks toward the outer surface. The unique microstructure of the HS-NCMA90 cathode markedly improves its cycling stability, which retains 84.7% of its initial capacity after 1500 cycles. The proposed microstructurally engineered cathode, with high mechanical stability and fracture toughness, prolongs the service life of batteries with high energy densities.
Metallic-tilted woodpile photonic crystals in the midinfrared (2010)

We demonstrate a large area production of 3-D woodpile metallic photonic crystals using deep x-ray lithography and subsequent electroforming. These structures represent the 110 orientation of the 001 woodpile structures most commonly presented in the literature. This approach requires no alignment and is capable of generating a 3 unit cell thick photonic crystal in a simple three step process flow. Tilted woodpiles demonstrate band characteristics very similar to those observed from [001] woodpiles. Reflectivity tests show a band edge around 4 µm and good comparison well with numerical simulations.
Iron-Catalyzed Vinylsilane Dimerization and Cross-Cycloadditions with 1,3-Dienes: Probing the Origins of Chemo- and Regioselectivity (2021)

The selective, intermolecular, homodimerization and cross-cycloaddition of vinylsilanes with unbiased 1,3-dienes, catalyzed by a pyridine-2,6-diimine (PDI) iron complex is described. In the absence of a diene coupling partner, vinylsilane hydroalkenylation products were obtained chemoselectively with unusual <i>head-to-head</i> regioselectivity (up to >98% purity, 98:2 <i>E/Z</i>). In the presence of a 4- or 2-substituted diene coupling partner, under otherwise identical reaction conditions, formation of value-added [2+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadducts, respectively, was observed. The chemoselectivity profile was distinct from that observed for analogous α-olefin dimerization and cross-reactions with 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies conducted with well-defined, single-component precatalysts (<sup>Me</sup>PDI)Fe(L<sub>2</sub>) (where <sup>Me</sup>PDI = 2,6-(2,6-Me<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N═CMe)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N; L<sub>2</sub> = butadiene or 2(N<sub>2</sub>)) provided insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic factors contributing to the substrate-controlled regioselectivity for both the homodimerization and cross cycloadditions. Diamagnetic iron diene and paramagnetic iron olefin complexes were identified as catalyst resting states, were characterized by in situ NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies, and were corroborated with DFT calculations. Stoichiometric reactions and computational models provided evidence for a common mechanistic regime where competing steric and orbital-symmetry requirements dictate the regioselectivity of oxidative cyclization. Although distinct chemoselectivity profiles were observed in cross-cycloadditions with the vinylsilane congeners of α-olefins, these products arose from metallacycles with the same connectivity. The silyl substituents ultimately governed the relative rates of β-H elimination and C-C reductive elimination to dictate final product formation.
All-optical responsive azo-doped liquid crystal laser protection filter (2018)

An all-optical switchable twisted nematic liquid crystal system has been designed for use as a laser protection filter, taking advantage of light-induced modification of liquid crystal order. The filter employs photochromic azo-doped liquid crystal mixtures that have been optically characterized and incorporated into a laser filter device. The ability to switch between transmission and blocking modes is shown to occur even for incredibly low intensity (0.5 mW) irradiation with a continuous 405 nm laser. The blocking-state extinction is defined only by the polariser extinction ratio, and sub-second switching is demonstrated for these low laser intensities. The response is sufficiently fast to provide protection for CCD cameras against laser damage. The optical switching time is shown to depend on both temperature and laser power. This automatic photo-switchable device offers an exciting approach for passive laser protection.
Phase-preserving amplitude regeneration using a Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror in a DPSK transmission system (2009)

With the implementation of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) in optical transmission systems, phase- preserving amplitude regenerators become attractive to prevent the accumulation of nonlinear phase noise which is one of the major impairments in long-distance DSPK transmission systems. It has been presented in a previous work that a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) can provide phase-preserving suppression of amplitude noise of a DPSK signal and, thus, suppress generation of nonlinear phase noise when a signal with deterministic amplitude fluctuations is transmitted. This work reports the experimental results on the improved performance of a DPSK transmission system using a NALM when nonlinear phase noise generated by amplified spontaneous emission of optical amplifiers due to the fiber nonlinearity is the main limiting factor.