gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Supplemental Feeding Locations to Manage Cattle Use on Riparian Areas of Hardwood Rangelands (1989)

Abstract: Typical cattle use on two range units of hardwood rangeland (annual rangeland) at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, Madera County, California, left 50 percent of riparian area with less than optimum amounts of residual dry matter (RDM) for promoting seedling growth and soil protection. By relocating supplemental feeding sites away from water sources and into areas of high amounts of RDM, the impact of cattle on riparian areas was greatly reduced. In Range Unit 1, where supplemental feeding sites were relocated, only 1 percent of the riparian area was left with low amounts of RDM. In Range Unit 8, where feeding sites were left unchanged, over 50 percent of the riparian area was left with low amounts of RDM. away from riparian areas would provide more favorable conditions for forage production and soil protection than currently exist. This paper reports a study to determine if the use of riparian areas, expressed in terms of RDM remaining in the fall could be affected by a livestock management practice. Since past investigations found that relocation of salt blocks was ineffective in changing the distribution of cattle use (Wagnon 1967), we examined the relocation of the supplemental feeding areas into areas previously identified as consistently having high amounts of RDM. Hardwood rangelands (annual rangelands) are comprised of several different land classes which vary in the amount of forage produced, time of forage growth and species composition. Distribution of use by cattle on these rangelands is highly correlated with the amount of forage production of the different land classes (Wagnon 1967); that is, the greatest amount of cattle use occurs on the highest producing areas- the riparian areas. On these rangelands the greater use of riparian areas by cattle results in lower amounts of residual dry matter (RDM) than on associated sites at the end of the grazing season (Frost and others 1988). Residual dry matter is the dry plant material left on the ground from the previous year&amp;apos;s forage growth. Moderate amounts of RDM provide a favorable microenvironment for early seedling growth, soil protection, adequate soil organic matter and a source of low quality fall forage (Clawson and others 1982). Moderate levels of RDM for riparian
Systems xenon hexafluoride-tantalum pentafluoride, xenon hexafluoride-manganese fluoride, xenon hexafluoride-uranium hexafluoride (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSystems xenon hexafluoride-tantalum pentafluoride, xenon hexafluoride-manganese fluoride, xenon hexafluoride-uranium hexafluorideGeorge H. Cady and Jacques AubertCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 11, 2600–2602Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50093a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50093a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Organic Acids of Lemon Fruits (1945)

1. The acidity of lemon juice is due chiefly to citric and malic acids. If other acids are present, they exist in very small amounts. The citric acid determined on the pure juice does not differ significantly from the amount precipitated by lead acetate. The total acid content precipitated from lemon juice by lead acetate is equal (within experimental error) to the sum of the citric and malic acids. 2. The difference between the free-acid fraction and the total organic-acid radical (citric and malic) is relatively much greater than the combined acids determined from the alkalinity of the ash. Since this difference is not reflected in the titratable acidity or pH values, it probably represents the quantity of organic acid in the ester form. The alkalinity of the ash represents the organic acid combined in salt form with the excess inorganic cations. 3. The titration curve of lemon juice is very similar to that of a pure citric acid solution, provided a correction is made for the combined acid naturally occurring in the juice. There is a definite relation between the pH and the amount of acid in the salt or combined form. The small fluctuations in pH of mature lemon juice are correlated with the large ratio of free acid/combined acid. 4. The free acids (milligrams per milliliter) increased and the pH of the juice decreased with increase in fruit size. The large reduction in pH (5.20 to 2.60) which occurred in fruits 2.0-4.0 cm. in diameter was due to a correspondingly large increase in free acid. Further increase in fruit size (up to 6.0 cm. in diameter) resulted in a slight decrease of approximately 0.3 of a pH, while the free acids gradually continued to increase in the juice.
[Functions of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the esophageal carcinoma cell line SHEEC]. (2003)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a novel member of the lipocalin family and may be a new human oncogene product, but function of NGAL is not clear in the cancer. It was recently found that NGAL was overexpressed in the progression of malignant transformation from human immortalized esophageal epithelial cell line SHEE to esophageal carcinoma cell line SHEEC. This indicated that cell line SHEEC was a good model for exploring functions of NGAL in the carcinogenesis. The effects of blocking transcription of NGAL gene on invasion, division and proliferation of SHEEC cells were studied by antisense blocking RNA technique and tumor formation in nude mice. The results showed that the antisense blocking of transcription of NGAL gene not only decreased effectively the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 secreted by SHEEC cells, but suppressed significantly also the invasion of these cells in nude mice. However, the telomere length, the content of the cellular topoisomerase II-alpha and cellular proliferation index (PI) of the SHEEC cells have not been changed markedly. These results indicate that NGAL is possibly involved in invasion of tumor cells by regulating activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2, but is not apparently related with division and proliferation of tumor cells in SHEEC.
Health in an Aging World: What Should We Do? (2016)

The global population aged 60 and older is likely to grow to historically unprecedented levels. According to the latest estimation, 2 billion people will be aged 60 and over by 2050—a number equivalent to 22% of the world’s population. China’s aging population also continues to grow rapidly; the Chinese population aged 60 and older reached 14.8% by the end of 2013. This percentage is estimated to reach 17.17% by 2020, and may be as high as 30% by 2050. The roots of population aging in China are the same as elsewhere: a low fertility rate, a longer life expectancy, and the effective control of infectious diseases. However, China faces other challenges as well, as it possesses the largest population in the developing world. These challenges are: 1 a low GDP per capita (announced at #80 globally, in 2014 by International Monetary Fund), 2 an economic imbalance between coastal and inland regions, 3 a rapidly increasing ratio of urban to rural population, and 4 an increasing amount of medical expenses for the aging population. According to statistics from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHFPC), almost 50% of people over 60 suffer from chronic diseases; of these, hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and coronary disease are the top five. Cancer is also a heavy burden for people and for society. From an economic point of view, the health expenditure for China’s aging population was 2.0456 trillion CNY in 2014, accounting for 3% of the GDP; and medical expenses for seniors accounted for 50% of existing healthcare resources.
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Industry Peer Grouping System (2022)

In this article, the authors develop a data-driven peer grouping system using artificial intelligence (AI) tools to capture market perception and, in turn, group companies into clusters at various levels of granularity. In addition, they develop a continuous measure of similarity between companies; they use this measure to group companies into clusters and construct hedged portfolios. In the peer groupings, companies grouped in the same clusters had strong homogeneous risk and return profiles, whereas different clusters of companies had diverse, varying risk exposures. The authors extensively evaluated the clusters and found that companies grouped by their method had higher out-of-sample return correlation but lower stability and interpretability than companies grouped by a standard industry classification system. The authors also develop an interactive visualization system for identifying AI-based clusters and similar companies.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Irisolidone on tert-Butyl Hyperoxide-Induced Liver Injury (2005)

To clarify the hepatoprotective effects of kakkalide and its metabolite irisolidone by human fecal microflora, their effects on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-injured HepG2 cells and mice were investigated. Irisolidone protected HepG2 cells against cytotoxicity induced by t-BHP. However, kakkalide did not protect cytotoxicity. When kakkalide 100 mg/kg was orally administered to mice injured by t-BHP, it significantly inhibited the increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities by 84% and 85% of t-BHP-treated control group, respectively. The inhibitory effect of kakkalide is much more potent than that of silybin, a hepatoprotective agent. However, intraperitoneally administered kakkalide did not exhibit hepatoprotective activity. When irisolidone was intraperitoneally administered to mice, it exhibited potent hepatoprotective activity. Based on these findings, irisolidone can be hepatoprotective and kakkalide may be a prodrug transformed to irisolidone.
EMPIRICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE FIRST GEOEFFECTIVE CORONAL MASS EJECTION OF SOLAR CYCLE 24 (2011)

We analyze the kinematics and morphology of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from 2010 April 3, which was responsible for the first significant geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24. The analysis utilizes coronagraphic and heliospheric images from the two STEREO spacecraft, and coronagraphic images from SOHO/LASCO. Using an empirical three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique, we demonstrate that the CME can be reproduced reasonably well at all times with a 3D flux rope shape, but the case for a flux rope being the correct interpretation is not as strong as some events studied with STEREO in the past, given that we are unable to infer a unique orientation for the flux rope. A model with an orientation angle of −80° from the ecliptic plane (i.e., nearly N–S) works best close to the Sun, but a model at 10° (i.e., nearly E–W) works better far from the Sun. Both interpretations require the cross section of the flux rope to be significantly elliptical rather than circular. In addition to our empirical modeling, we also present a fully 3D numerical MHD model of the CME. This physical model appears to effectively reproduce aspects of the shape and kinematics of the CME's leading edge. It is particularly encouraging that the model reproduces the amount of interplanetary deceleration observed for the CME during its journey from the Sun to 1 AU.
Cloning and characterization of two groESL operons of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: transcriptional regulation of the heat-induced groESL operon (1997)

The nonsulfur purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides was found to contain two groESL operons. The groESL1 heat shock operon was cloned from a genomic library, and a 2.8-kb DNA fragment was sequenced and found to contain the groES and groEL genes. The deduced amino acid sequences of GroEL1 (cpn60) and GroES1 (cpn10) were in agreement with N-terminal sequences previously obtained for the isolated proteins (K. C. Terlesky and F. R. Tabita, Biochemistry 30:8181-8186, 1991). These sequences show a high degree of similarity to groESL genes isolated from other bacteria. Northern analysis indicated that the groESL1 genes were expressed as part of a 2.2-kb polycistronic transcript that is induced 13-fold after heat shock. Transcript size was not affected by heat shock; however, the amount of transcript was induced to its greatest extent 15 to 30 min after a 40 degrees C heat shock, from an initial temperature of 28 degrees C, and remained elevated up to 120 min. The R. sphaeroides groESL1 operon contains a putative hairpin loop at the start of the transcript that is present in other bacterial heat shock genes. Primer extension of the message showed that the transcription start site is at the start of this conserved hairpin loop. In this region were also found putative -35 and -10 sequences that are conserved upstream from other bacterial heat shock genes. Transcription of the groESL1 genes was unexpectedly low under photoautotrophic growth conditions. Thus far, it has not been possible to construct a groESL1 deletion strain, perhaps indicating that these genes are essential for growth. A second operon (groESL2) was also cloned from R. sphaeroides, using a groEL1 gene fragment as a probe; however, no transcript was observed for this operon under several different growth conditions. A groESL2 deletion strain was constructed, but there was no detectable change in the phenotype of this strain compared to the parental strain.
Rückgewinnung von Wertstoffen aus flüssigen Medien mittels magnetischer Mikropartikel (2016)

S.1318
Simultaneous radiotherapy and superficial hyperthermia for high-risk breast carcinoma: A randomised comparison of treatment sequelae in heated versus non-heated sectors of the chest wall hyperthermia (2012)

Simultaneous full-dose thermoradiotherapy for breast cancer is feasible and well tolerated, with no significant difference in late toxicity between electively heated and unheated control sectors. All patients had hyperthermia to the primary tumour site with excellent local control.
Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy in Beagle Dogs: Evaluation of a Microsurgical Technique (1997)

The surgical technique may be used in the treatment of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The corticotropic response is the most sensitive criterion in assessing completeness of hypophysectomy in dogs.
Mobile Radio Communications (2003)

Abstract Mobile communications has been of interest since the earliest days of wireless communications. First applications involved ship‐to‐shore and ship‐to‐ship telegraphy as well as telegraphy to moving trains. The development of AM radio, and later FM radio, resulted in mobile voice communication systems. The development of the cellular radio concept gave to rise to mobile telephones that were both practical and inexpensive. The growth of the cellular telephone industry exceeded all expectations and, in many environments, the bulk of telephone traffic is now handled by wireless cellular systems. This article details this history and describes the essential features of mobile radio systems, including the cellular concept, mobile radio channels, and multiple access techniques. First, second and third generation commercial cellular systems are discussed and their capabilities are compared.
A Multistage Sphere Decoder for Frequency-Selective MIMO Channels (2007)

A new multistage sphere decoder (MSD) for the detection of multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems in frequency- selective channels is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on the Schnorr-Euchner (SE) version of the sphere decoder (SD) but reduces its complexity by dividing the tree search of the SD in a number of non-overlapping stages that directly determine its performance and complexity. The MSD performs a reduced-size tree search in each one of the stages, applying interference cancellation between them to subtract the effect of previously searched stages. By selecting the number of stages of the MSD, different levels of performance can be attained, ranging from the maximum likelihood (ML) performance of the SD and the performance of the generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE). Simulations show that the MSD can reduce the complexity of the SD while approaching its ML performance. In particular, by reducing the worst-case complexity of the SD, the MSD is more suitable for hardware implementation even though it still presents a variable complexity.
Spatiotemporal retinoid-X receptor activation detected in live vertebrate embryos (2004)

Most studies on the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR) have focused on its role as a heterodimeric partner but less about its own activation pattern during development and the distribution of potential endogenous ligands. The aim of this study is to visualize the distribution of activated RXRalpha in live transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos across a wide range of developmental stages. We adopted a nuclear receptor-Gal4 fusion/upstream activation sequence-based reporter system for our assay. Strong activation of the RXRalpha ligand-binding domain was observed in a segment of the spinal cord just posterior to the hindbrain. This activation is first detected in neurula stage embryos and persists up to swimming tadpole stages, after which activation strongly declines. Addition of exogenous ligands, such as 9-cis retinoic acid or all-trans retinoic acid, expands the activation of RXR throughout the spinal cord but not in the brain, whereas the RXR-specific ligand LG268 expanded the Gal4-RXR activation into the brain and olfactory epithelia. Treatment with the RAR-specific ligand 4-(E-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid or thyroid hormone had no effect on Gal4-RXR activation, whereas these compounds significantly increased their corresponding Gal4/receptor fusion proteins under similar conditions. Embryos expressing a Gal4-RXR fusion protein with a deletion in the ligand-dependent activation domain (AF2) show no reporter gene activation. The results shown in this paper reveal a specific activation pattern for Gal4-RXRalpha specifically in the developing spinal cord and suggest the existence of RXR ligand "hot-spots" in this region.
cDNA cloning and functional properties of human glutamate receptor EAA3 (GluR5) in homomeric and heteromeric configuration. (1995)

We have isolated a new member of the human glutamate receptor family from a fetal brain cDNA library. This cDNA clone, designated EAA3a, shares a 90% nucleotide identity with the previously reported rat GluR5-2b cDNA splice variant and differed from human GluR5-1d in the amino and carboxy terminal regions. Cell lines stably expressing EAA3a protein formed homomeric ligand-gated ion channels responsive, in order of decreasing affinity to domoate, kainate, L-glutamate and (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxazole-propionate (AMPA). Kainate-evoked currents showed partial desensitization that was reduced on incubation with concanavalin A (conA) but not cyclothiazide and were attenuated by the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxalinedione). Coexpression of EAA3a and human EAA1 cDNAs in HEK 293 cells formed a heteromeric channel with unique properties. Kainate and AMPA activated the heteromeric channel with significantly higher affinities than observed for EAA3a alone. Ligand binding studies with the recombinant EAA3a receptor expressed in mammalian cells indicated a high affinity kainate binding site (Kd = 120 +/- 15.0 nM). The relative potency of compounds in displacing [3H]-kainate binding to EAA3a receptor was: domoate > kainate > L-glutamate = quisqualate > 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) = CNQX > AMPA > dihydrokainate > NMDA.
Advocacy of targeting protease‐activated receptors in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (2021)

Identifying drug targets mitigating vascular dysfunction, thrombo-inflammation and thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 is essential. COVID-19 coagulopathy differs from sepsis coagulopathy. Factors that drive severe lung pathology and coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19 are not understood. Protein-protein interaction studies indicate that the tagged viral bait protein ORF9c directly interacts with PAR2, which modulates host cell IFN and inflammatory cytokines. In addition to direct interaction of SARS-CoV-2 viral protein with PARs, we speculate that activation of PAR by proteases plays a role in COVID-19-induced hyperinflammation. In COVID-19-associated coagulopathy elevated levels of activated coagulation proteases may cleave PARs in association with TMPRSS2. PARs activation enhances the release of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor expression to propagate IFN-dependent inflammation, leukocyte-endothelial interaction, vascular permeability and coagulation responses. This hypothesis, corroborated by in vitro findings and emerging clinical evidence, will focus targeted studies of PAR1/2 blockers as adjuvant drugs against cytokine release syndrome and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The second wave: are we any closer to efficacious pharmacotherapy for COVID 19? (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.10/issuetoc.
An asymmetric synthesis of acyclic and macrocyclic .alpha.-alkyl ketones. The role of (e)- and (z)-lithioenamines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn asymmetric synthesis of acyclic and macrocyclic .alpha.-alkyl ketones. The role of (e)- and (z)-lithioenaminesA. I. Meyers, Donald R. Williams, Steven White, and Gary W. EricksonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 11, 3088–3093Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00401a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00401a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts