gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avian Reovirus Major μ-Class Outer Capsid Protein Influences Efficiency of Productive Macrophage Infection in a Virus Strain-Specific Manner (2001)

We determined that the highly pathogenic avian reovirus strain 176 (ARV-176) possesses an enhanced ability to establish productive infections in HD-11 avian macrophages compared to avian fibroblasts. Conversely, the weakly pathogenic strain ARV-138 shows no such macrophagotropic tendency. The macrophage infection capability of the two viruses did not reflect differences in the ability to either induce or inhibit nitric oxide production. Moderate increases in the ARV-138 multiplicity of infection resulted in a concomitant increase in macrophage infection, and under such conditions the kinetics and extent of the ARV-138 replication cycle were equivalent to those of the highly infectious ARV-176 strain. These results indicated that both viruses are apparently equally capable of replicating in an infected macrophage, but they differ in the ability to establish productive infections in these cells. Using a genetic reassortant approach, we determined that the macrophagotropic property of ARV-176 reflects a post-receptor-binding step in the virus replication cycle and that the ARV-176 M2 genome segment is required for efficient infection of HD-11 cells. The M2 genome segment encodes the major mu-class outer capsid protein (muB) of the virus, which is involved in virus entry and transcriptase activation, suggesting that a host-specific influence on ARV entry and/or uncoating may affect the likelihood of the virus establishing a productive infection in a macrophage cell.
Influence of Sex Hormones on Prostate Volume in Men on Hemodialysis (2000)

The relationship between sex hormones and prostate volume in 90 men on hemodialysis and 91 healthy men was investigated. In men on hemodialysis, serum levels of total and free testosterone were significantly reduced compared with the controls (P < .001), whereas the serum estradiol level was significantly elevated in men on hemodialysis (P < .001). However, prostate volumes were not different between the 2 groups. Serum estradiol level correlated with the prostate volume in controls (P < .001), whereas total and free testosterone levels did not correlate with the prostate volume. In men on hemodialysis, serum levels of total and free testosterone and estradiol did not correlate with the prostate volume. The present study suggests that sex hormones do not play important roles in the prostate growth in men on hemodialysis.
Striking a Balance Between Human Rights and Peace and Stability:A Review of the European Court of Human Rights DecisionSejdi´c and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina (2011)

inTroduCTion On December 22, 2009, the European Court of Human Rights issued its judgment in the Case of Sejdic and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, finding certain provisions of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in breach of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) because they created ethnically discriminatory requirements for certain elected positions.1 The Court’s willingness to address ethnic discrimination in a post-conflict constitution, like BiH’s, broke new ground in Europe’s human rights framework. The legal significance of the decision is three-fold: 1) it marked the first time that the Court applied the general prohibition of discrimination prescribed by Article 1 of Protocol No. 12 to the ECHR; 2) it addressed intricate political considerations pertaining to peace and stability in deciding whether or not to uphold the ECHR; and 3) it confronted the sensitive issue of the ECHR’s compatibility with a Member State’s constitution, an issue with which it has rarely had to deal.2 The Court held that finding the respondent state in violation of the ECHR was a sufficient remedy for the petitioners, but the legal significance of finding a power-sharing provision in a post-conflict constitution in violation of the ECHR remains.3
TCPs, WUSs, and WINDs: families of transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem formation, stem cell maintenance, and somatic cell differentiation (2014)

In contrast to somatic mammalian cells, which cannot alter their fate, plant cells can dedifferentiate to form totipotent callus cells and regenerate a whole plant, following treatment with specific phytohormones. However, the regulatory mechanisms and key factors that control differentiation-dedifferentiation and cell totipotency have not been completely clarified in plants. Recently, several plant transcription factors that regulate meristem formation and dedifferentiation have been identified and include members of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP), WUSCHEL (WUS), and WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION (WIND1) families. WUS and WIND positively control plant cell totipotency, while TCP negatively controls it. Interestingly, TCP is a transcriptional activator that acts as a negative regulator of shoot meristem formation, and WUS is a transcriptional repressor that positively maintains totipotency of the stem cells of the shoot meristem. We describe here the functions of TCP, WUS, and WIND transcription factors in the regulation of differentiation-dedifferentiation by positive and negative transcriptional regulators.
‘Caecibacter massiliensis’ gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human right colon (2016)

We report here the main characteristics of ‘Caecibacter massiliensis’ strain Marseille-P-2974T (CSUR P2974), which was isolated from a human right colon sample.
Applications of Functionalized Chitosan in Catalysis (2005)

The development of heterogeneous catalytic systems for carrying out liquid phase chemical and biochemical transformations is a major area of research, which has great significance for the development of cleaner and more efficient processes. This review reflects the growing significance of renewable polymeric supports for such catalysts. The focus of this review is chitosan, a material produced in enormous quantities each year and derived predominantly from the shells of crustaceans. This material has many benefits, some of which have hardly been exploited in catalysis. A survey of methodology for the functionalization of chitosan, and how the functional chitosans are used in catalysis, is given.
XÁC ĐỊNH CHẤT ỨC CHẾ TIỀM NĂNG MPRO CỦA SARS-COV-2 TỪ CƠ SỞ DỮ LIỆU CÁC HỢP CHẤT CÓ NGUỒN GỐC THẢO MỘC VIỆT NAM BẰNG CÁCH SÀNG LỌC ẢO (2021)

Nghiên cứu nhằm sàng lọc các hợp chất có nguồn gốc từ thảo mộc có khả năng kháng protein SARS-CoV-2 Mpro - là protein có vai trò quan trọng trong việc nhân lên của virus SARS-CoV-2. Thư viện gồm 320 hợp chất có nguồn gốc từ 121 loài thảo dược được sàng lọc thông qua năng lượng liên kết, thuộc tính dược độc học và tương tác phân tử bằng các công cụ tin sinh học. Ba hợp chất tiềm năng nhất là Pyranoamentoflavone, Celastrol, Pomolic acid thể hiện ái lực cao với Mpro, đáp ứng năm quy tắc Lipinski và tương tác phân tử tốt với protein mục tiêu. Các phát hiện cho thấy rằng, các hợp chất được xác định có thể đóng vai trò là các chất dẫn tiềm năng hoạt động như chất ức chế COVID-19 Mpro, đáng được đánh giá và phát triển thêm.
A translation function combining packing and diffraction information: an application to lysozyme (high-temperature form) (1981)

A new translation function T(t) is defined, whose main peak is expected to give directly the absolute position t = t0 of a known molecular configuration (the isostructural model) of known orientation in an unknown crystal structure. T(t) combines all required information: crystal symmetry, molecular steric properties of the model and experimental data (observed structure factors Fo) leading to more reliable results: T(t) = TO(t)/O(t), where TO(t) measures the degree of agreement between Fo and Fc(t), while O(t) is a function measuring intermolecular overlap. TO and O can both be computed efficiently by the possibility of their expansion in Fourier series, and the use of FFT. A theoretical study followed by application to a simple synthetic structure cast light upon ambiguities and failures [e.g. Bott & Sarma (1976). J. Mol. Biol. 106, 1037-1046] encountered in using translation functions previously described [e.g. Crowther & Blow (1967). Acta Cryst. 23, 544-548]. The crystal structure of the high-temperature form of hen-egg-white lysozyme was determined at 6 Å resolution by the application of this fast translation function and compared with the equivalent structure obtained by the isomorphous replacement method.
<title>Clinical ultility of intravascular ultrasound and 3D reconstruction of images</title> (1993)

Intraluminal vascular ultrasound (IVUS) is developing rapidly as a method to define the transmural anatomy of vascular structures for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Current devices use various configurations of transducers at the end of an intraluminal catheter to make real time images of cardiac structures and vessel walls. These devices may have diagnostic applications, particularly at the time of angiography or catherization for symptomatic cardiovascular disease.
Disk-Offload Middleware for Web-Services Using the Application-Caching Paradigm (2012)

Application-caching occurs when applications assume control for data caching rather then relying on middleware to manage their data. This paradigm is a good fit for"main-memory caching" in which data storage and retrieval issues are relatively straight-forward. However, the caching requirements of certain workloads exceed even modern main-memory capacity. Although disk-offload offers the potential to overcome this capacity constraint, it poses a problem for the application-caching paradigm since application data may now be resident in either main-memory or on disk. In this paper, we therefore examine how disk-offload middleware can best support the application-caching paradigm for data-centric web-services. We present two disk-offload caching architectures, evaluate their performance, and draw conclusions as to their relative effectiveness.
The Processing and Properties of γ-irradiated HDPE Granules (1988)

Abstract Granular high density polyethylene has been irradiated to relatively low doses prior to processing. The molecular weight was, at the lower doses, increased and the molecular weight distribution broadened with increasing dose. At the two highest doses an insoluble gel was introduced. These variously irradiated granules were processed by two routes, compression and injection molding, and selected structural features and mechanical properties ascertained. For all granule doses compression molded samples could be produced, with the plaque density decreasing with increasing granule dose. While the ductility of the moldings improved with increasing granule dose, the modulus and yield stress both declined as the density of the moldings decreased. Injection molded samples could only be prepared from granules free of gel. The density of the moldings depended on both granule dose and barrel temperature: in general, the density first increased then declined with increasing granule dose, an effect associated with preferred molecular orientation. The yield stress and modulus both appeared to correlate better with melt flow index rather than density, to infer that preferred molecular orientation is significant in injection moldings and can override the influence of density.
Duality for the Jordanian matrix quantum group (1997)

We find the Hopf algebra $U_{g,h}$ dual to the Jordanian matrix quantum group $GL_{g,h}(2)$. As an algebra it depends only on the sum of the two parameters and is split in two subalgebras: $U'_{g,h}$ (with three generators) and $U(Z)$ (with one generator). The subalgebra $U(Z)$ is a central Hopf subalgebra of $U_{g,h}$. The subalgebra $U'_{g,h}$ is not a Hopf subalgebra and its coalgebra structure depends on both parameters. We discuss also two one-parameter special cases: $g =h$ and $g=-h$. The subalgebra $U'_{h,h}$ is a Hopf algebra and coincides with the algebra introduced by Ohn as the dual of $SL_h(2)$. The subalgebra $U'_{-h,h}$ is isomorphic to $U(sl(2))$ as an algebra but has a nontrivial coalgebra structure and again is not a Hopf subalgebra of $U_{-h,h}$.
ChemInform Abstract: SQUARE WAVE VOLTAMMETRY AND OTHER PULSE TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS. THE REDUCTION OF ZINC(II) AT MERCURY ELECTRODES (1983)

Abstract Das reversible Halbstufenpotential (55,2), der Durchtrittsfaktor (a) und die Elektronentransfer‐Geschwindigkeitskonstante (k?) für die Zn(II)‐Reduktion werden durch numerische Auswertung von Rechteckwellen‐Voltammogrammen mit schneller Abtastung bestimmt.
Asynchronous disk interleaving: approximating access delays (1991)

The performance implications of asynchronous disk interleaving are examined. In an asynchronous system, adjacent subblocks are placed independently of each other. Since each of the disks in such a system is treated independently while being accessed as a group, the access delay of a request for a data block in an n-disk system is the maximum of n access delays. Using approximate analysis, a simple expression for the expected value of such a maximum delay is obtained. The analysis approximation is verified by simulation using trace data; the relative error is found to be at most 6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diols and Triols with Trialkyl Orthoesters: Facile One‐Pot Formation of Oxacyclic Compounds from Triols. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Asymmetric Distribution of Gene Expression in the Centromeric Region of Rice Chromosome 5 (2011)

There is controversy as to whether gene expression is silenced in the functional centromere. The complete genomic sequences of the centromeric regions in higher eukaryotes have not been fully elucidated, because the presence of highly repetitive sequences complicates many aspects of genomic sequencing. We performed resequencing, assembly, and sequence finishing of two P1-derived artificial chromosome clones in the centromeric region of rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosome 5 (Cen5). The pericentromeric region, where meiotic recombination is silenced, is located at the center of chromosome 5 and is 2.14 Mb long; a total of six restriction-fragment-length polymorphism markers (R448, C1388, S20487S, E3103S, C53260S, and R2059) genetically mapped at 54.6 cM were located in this region. In the pericentromeric region, 28 genes were annotated on the short arm and 45 genes on the long arm. To quantify all transcripts in this region, we performed massive parallel sequencing of mRNA. Transcriptional density (total length of transcribed region/length of the genomic region) and expression level (number of uniquely mapped reads/length of transcribed region) were calculated on the basis of the mapped reads on the rice genome. Transcriptional density and expression level were significantly lower in Cen5 than in the average of the other chromosomal regions. Moreover, transcriptional density in Cen5 was significantly lower on the short arm than on the long arm; the distribution of transcriptional density was asymmetric. The genomic sequence of Cen5 has been integrated into the most updated reference rice genome sequence constructed by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project.
Fragmentation Behavior of Silica-Supported Metallocene/MAO Catalyst in the Early Stages of Olefin Polymerization (2005)

Polymer particle growth in the early stages of olefin polymerization has been investigated using metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO)/silica catalyst systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to characterize the surface and cross-sectional morphology of polymer particles at different stages of particle growth. The aluminum distribution in various MAO-impregnated supports has been determined by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, revealing that the homogeneity of the distribution is dependent on both the silica calcination temperature and the impregnation conditions used. Depending on the impregnation routes and polymerization conditions applied, two fragmentation behaviors have been observed: main polymerization at the surface with coarse fragmentation at the core of the support particles in the case of propylene polymerization and a heterogeneous (co)catalyst distribution, and a layer-by-layer fragmentation of the support in ethylene polymerization using a homogeneously immobilized catalyst.
Membrane formation by interfacial cross‐linking of chitosan for microencapsulation of Lactococcus lactis (1993)

Lactic acid bacteria were microencapsulated within cross-linked chitosan membranes formed by emulsification/interfacial polymerization. The technique was modified and optimized to provide biocompatible conditions during encapsulation involving the use of mineral oils as the continuous phase and chitosan as the membrane material. Chitosan cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate or glutaraldehyde resulted in strong membranes, with a narrow size distribution about a mean diameter of 150 mum. Cell viability and activity was demonstrated by the acidification of milk. Loss of acidification activity during microencapsulation was recovered in subsequent fermentations to levels similar to that of free cell fermentations.
A Battery Energy Storage interface for wind power systems with the use of grid side inverter (2010)

This paper presents a novel concept of Energy Storage System (ESS) interfacing with the grid side inverter in wind energy conversion systems. The inverter system used here is formed by cascading a 2-level inverter and a three level inverter through a coupling transformer. The constituent inverters are named as the “main inverter” and the “auxiliary inverter” respectively. The main inverter is connected with the rectified output of the wind generator while the auxiliary inverter is attached to a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The BESS ensures constant power dispatch to the grid irrespective of change in wind condition. Furthermore, this unique combination of BESS and inverter eliminates the need of additional dc-dc converters. Novel modulation and control techniques are proposed to address the problem of non-integer, dynamically-changing dc-link voltage ratio, which is due to random wind changes. Strategies used to handle auxiliary inverter dc-link voltage imbalances and controllers used to charge batteries at different rates are explained in detail. Simulation results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed modulation and control techniques in suppressing random wind power fluctuations.
Utilization of the Genetic Resources of Wild Species To Create a Nontransgenic High Flavonoid Tomato (2005)

Flavonoids represent a large and important group of plant natural products that are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Epidemiological studies have shown the health benefits of a diet high in flavonoids. However, the dietary intake of flavonoids in most western populations is limited, creating a need to find alternative food sources for these polyphenolic secondary metabolites. The domestication of many of our cultivated food crops has resulted in alterations in the biosynthetic pathways of many essential micronutrients and vitamins through inadvertent counterselection against nutritional traits in favor of agronomic ones. Flavonoids are nearly absent from fruits of cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), a major vegetable in human diets. Previous attempts to restore the flavonoid pathway in tomato fruits have been limited to transgenic strategies, suggesting that the problem was intractable through traditional methods. Here, we describe for the first time a nontransgenic metabolic engineering approach to developing a high flavonoid tomato using a wild tomato species (Lycopersicon pennelliiv. puberulum) and demonstrate the opportunities for restoring functional pathways using the genetic resources of wild species, resulting in production of healthier foods.
Configurable Hardware-Effcient Interface Circuit for Multi-Sensor Microsystems (2006)

A new, high resolution, multi-sensor interface circuit is presented to read out up to eight resistive or capacitive sensors while sharing configurable circuits to achieve hardware and power efficiency. A non-balanced (NB) bridge approach was adopted for both resistive and capacitive interfaces, eliminating the need for finely tunable on-chip components to balance the bridge. The shared pre-amp and programmable gain signal-conditioning stages are formed with switched capacitor circuits. Through a carefully designed clock scheme, a sample-and-hold (S/H) function is realized without a dedicated S/H circuit. The effects of op-amp offset and parasitic capacitance at the inputs are suppressed, and undesirable disturbance of the bridge DC point is avoided during resistance measurement. The 0.53 x 0.75mm circuit was implemented in 0.18μm CMOS and requires only 300μA from a 1.8V supply. It has the size and power efficiency to implement a front-end sensor interface system-on-chip with an embedded controller.
Enhanced environmental perception by inter-vehicle data exchange (2005)

Inter-vehicle data communication promises a multitude of improvements in next generation driver assistance systems. The field of view of one car can be significantly extended by information from the environmental sensors of other cars in its vicinity. However, many of the algorithmic problems are not yet satisfactorily solved, or have not even been properly addressed in research. This paper deals with various aspects of this topic. We propose to exchange two types of information: First, the state and positioning information of each of the participating vehicles and second, the objects detected and tracked by each of the vehicle's data processing systems. Object data is acquired by a radar sensor and tracked by Kalman filtering. Each participating vehicle incorporates all remote information in a global description of the environment. This description is based upon a digital map. For this purpose, a reliable map matching has been developed. Results for real traffic scenes are presented.
Temperature-Insensitive Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Nanoparticle Magnetic Fluid and Photonic Crystal Fiber (2012)

A novel magnetic field sensor based on the magnetic fluid and Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed. The sensor takes advantage of the tunable refractive index property of the magnetic fluid and the modal interference property of the collapsed photonic crystal fiber. The achieved sensitivity and resolution of the sensor are 2.367 pm/Oe and 4.22 Oe, respectively. The magnetic field sensor is insensitive to the temperature variation with a temperature coefficient of 3.2 pm/°C.
Rate constant for the reaction O(/sup 3/P)+D/sub 2/ at low temperatures (1989)

The rate constant for the reaction of O(/sup 3/P)+D/sub 2/ was measured over the temperature range 343 to 446 K using the laser photolysis--resonance fluorescence technique. The results can be fit well with a two-parameter Arrhenius function and are in excellent agreement with the previous measurements of Presser and Gordon and with the recent high temperature measurements of Michael. The data are also in very good agreement with the theoretical calculations of Joseph et al. and of Bowman et al. and demonstrate that tunneling makes a significant contribution to the rate coefficient over the entire range of temperatures studied in this experiment. The Arrhenius behavior of the rate constant supports the conclusions of Robie et al. in their study of the intramolecular isotope effect in O(/sup 3/P)+HD, where it was found that tunneling plays a major role at low temperatures.