gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Causal Effects of Body Mass Index on Airflow Obstruction and Forced Mid-Expiratory Flow: A Mendelian Randomization Study Taking Interactions and Age-Specific Instruments Into Consideration Toward a Life Course Perspective (2021)

Obesity has complex links to respiratory health. Mendelian randomization (MR) enables assessment of causality of body mass index (BMI) effects on airflow obstruction and mid-expiratory flow. In the adult SAPALDIA cohort, recruiting 9,651 population-representative samples aged 18-60 years at baseline (female 51%), BMI and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) to forced vital capacity (FVC) as well as forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) were measured three times over 20 follow-up years. The causal effects of BMI in childhood and adulthood on FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were assessed in predictive (BMI averaged over 1st and 2nd, lung function (LF) averaged over 2nd and 3rd follow-up; <i>N</i> = 2,850) and long-term cross-sectional models (BMI and LF averaged over all follow-ups; <i>N</i> = 2,728) by Mendelian Randomization analyses with the use of weighted BMI allele score as an instrument variable and two-stage least squares (2SLS) method. Three different BMI allele scores were applied to specifically capture the part of BMI in adulthood that likely reflects tracking of genetically determined BMI in childhood. The main causal effects were derived from models containing BMI (instrumented by BMI genetic score), age, sex, height, and packyears smoked as covariates. BMI interactions were instrumented by the product of the instrument (BMI genetic score) and the relevant concomitant variable. Causal effects of BMI on FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were observed in both the predictive and long-term cross-sectional models. The causal BMI- LF effects were negative and attenuated with increasing age, and stronger if instrumented by gene scores associated with childhood BMI. This non-standard MR approach interrogating causal effects of multiplicative interaction suggests that the genetically rooted part of BMI patterns in childhood may be of particular relevance for the level of small airway function and airflow obstruction later in life. The methodological relevance of the results is first to point to the importance of a life course perspective in studies on the etiological role of BMI in respiratory health, and second to point out novel methodological aspects to be considered in future MR studies on the causal effects of obesity related phenotypes.
A Study on Solder Electromigration in Cu/In/Cu Flip-Chip Joint System (2008)

Electromigration in the Cu/In/Cu flip chip joint system was investigated at a temperature of 398 K with a current density of 20 kA/cm2. Indium was transported towards the anode, and a large void nucleated by electromigration at the In/Cu11In9 interface in the highest current density region near the cathode. It was found that a unique solder bump deformation towards the cathode occurred in the early stage of the electromigration test, when no underfill material was used. When the underfill material was used to fill the space between the chip and the substrate, the electromigration lifetime in the joint was prolonged by more than ten folds in comparison with that of the joint without underfill. This was a result from that indium transport was inhibited due to a larger backstress induced by the constraint of the underfill.
The Kalichord : A Physically Modeled Electro-Acoustic Plucked String Instrument (2009)

We present the Kalichord: a small, handheld electro/acoustic instrument in which the player's right hand plucks virtual strings while his left hand uses buttons to play independent bass lines. The Kalichord uses the analog signal from plucked acoustic tines to excite a physical string model, allowing a nuanced and intuitive plucking experience. First, we catalog instruments related to the Kalichord. Then we examine the use of analog signals to excite a physical string model and discuss the expressiveness and form factors that this technique affords. We then describe the overall construction of the Kalichord and possible playing styles, and finally we consider ways we hope to improve upon the current prototype.
Evidence for presence in the cell wall of Candida albicans of a protein related to the hsp70 family (1996)

We have previously reported the isolation of several clones from a cDNA expression library from Candida albicans, one of which was associated with a constitutively expressed 70-kDa protein. The moiety was present in the beta-mercaptoethanol extracts of cell walls from both blastoconidia and germ tubes. The surface expression of this moiety was revealed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using affinity-purified antibody to the fusion protein produced by the clone. The 0.68-kb cDNA insert was sequenced. A database search revealed extensive homology with the 70-kDa family of stress or heat shock proteins (hsps). The 77% homology with another C. albicans HSP70 sequence suggested that this fragment represented a second member of the HSP70 family in this organism. Homology ranging from 65 to 76% was observed with members of four subfamilies (SSA, SSB, SSC, and SSD) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP70 gene family. The nucleic acid sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the open reading frame showed greatest homology with SSA1 and SSA2 sequences, and the gene corresponding to the cDNA clone was designated C. albicans SSA2. The relationship with the SSA family was supported by reactivity of the 70-kDa component with antibody recognizing the Ssa proteins of S. cerevisiae. The presence of an hsp70 in the cell wall was confirmed by two additional methods. Cell wall proteins were biotinylated with a non-membrane-permeable derivative to distinguish extracellular from cytosolic proteins. Biotinylated hsp70 was detected by Western blotting (immunoblotting) among the biotinylated components affinity purified by chromatography on streptavidin, thereby establishing its presence in the cell wall. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the 70-kDa component was present at the cell surface as well as the outer surface of the plasma membrane and extended through the cell wall, occasionally appearing to reach the cell surface through channels. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that the gene was expressed in yeast cells growing in yeast extract-peptone medium at both 25 and 37 degrees C and in Lee medium at 25 degrees C and during formation of germ tubes in Lee medium 37 degrees C. No obvious increase in the expression level was detected after the temperature shift. Members of the hsp70 family have been reported to be immunoreactive. The fusion protein produced by the cDNA clone was recognized by serum from healthy individuals and patients with candidiasis. Since members of the hsp70 family of eucaryotic proteins are associated with chaperone and translocation functions, in addition to being immunogenic, this protein may play a role in the assembly and function of other cell wall proteins.
Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases (2006)

Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine (ACh)-triggered, alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR)-dependent nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway. Studies using the alpha7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis.
Highly dispersed PtO over g-C3N4 by specific metal-support interactions and optimally distributed Pt species to enhance hydrogen evolution rate of Pt/g-C3N4 photocatalysts (2023)

Understanding the fundamental chemistry of metal-support interactions during catalyst preparation is essential to develop a highly efficient Pt/g-C3N4 photocatalyst for the H2 evolution reaction (HER). In this study, we prepared Pt/g-C3N4 photocatalysts via a loading process of different Pt contents onto solvothermally treated g-C3N4 (SCN) and a successive hydrogen reduction. The physicochemical interactions between Pt species and O-containing functional groups over SCN were tracked, and we investigated how the interactions influenced the photocatalytic properties and performance of Pt/SCN. During the reduction process, Pt(OH)22+ ions in liquid phase specifically interacted with neighboring C = O groups over SCN, resulting in highly dispersed PtO species via chemical bonding to SCN. Due to the limited number of the neighboring C = O groups over SCN, the chemically bonded PtO species were saturated at a certain amount, and 1Pt/SCN (1 wt% of Pt) showed the highest Pt dispersion in this study. In the reduction process, excess Pt was readily reduced to Pt metallic phase and then agglomerated in Pt clusters at high Pt loadings. Therefore, the highly active and stable Pt2+ sites were uniformly dispersed and immobilized over 1Pt/SCN by specific interactions with the O-containing functional groups, showing an outstanding HER activity per gram Pt (120.6 mmol∙gPt−1∙h−1). However, data for the optical and electrochemical properties demonstrated that 3Pt/SCN (3 wt% of Pt) had the best charge separation efficiency because of the optimal distribution of the Pt species over SCN. Correspondingly, the optimized 3Pt/SCN exhibited the highest HER rate of 1255.52 μmol∙gcat−1∙h−1, which was about 50 times higher than SCN photocatalyst (25.2 μmol∙gcat−1∙h−1).
ChemInform Abstract: J‐104,123, a Novel and Orally‐Active Inhibitor of Squalene Synthase: Stereoselective Synthesis and Cholesterol Lowering Effects in Dogs. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Endogenous digoxin-like substance level in essential arterial hypertension, renal failure and acromegaly]. (1988)

The endogenous digoxin-like substance seems to play an important role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of essential and secondary hypertension. Immunoreactive digoxin-like substance was determined in 52 subjects: 17 healthy ones, 15 patients with essential hypertension, 10 cases of chronic renal failure and 10 patients with acromegaly. The substance was not found in healthy subjects, in acromegaly and essential hypertension. In chronic renal failure detectable concentrations of the substance were observed but they showed no correlation with the creatinine level and other clinical data.
Single-Shot Multi-person 3D Pose Estimation from Monocular RGB (2018)

We propose a new single-shot method for multi-person 3D pose estimation in general scenes from a monocular RGB camera. Our approach uses novel occlusion-robust pose-maps (ORPM) which enable full body pose inference even under strong partial occlusions by other people and objects in the scene. ORPM outputs a fixed number of maps which encode the 3D joint locations of all people in the scene. Body part associations [8] allow us to infer 3D pose for an arbitrary number of people without explicit bounding box prediction. To train our approach we introduce MuCo-3DHP, the first large scale training data set showing real images of sophisticated multi-person interactions and occlusions. We synthesize a large corpus of multi-person images by compositing images of individual people (with ground truth from mutli-view performance capture). We evaluate our method on our new challenging 3D annotated multi-person test set MuPoTs-3D where we achieve state-of-the-art performance. To further stimulate research in multi-person 3D pose estimation, we will make our new datasets, and associated code publicly available for research purposes.
An fMRI study of planning-related brain activity in patients with moderately advanced multiple sclerosis (2004)

In MS patients with moderate disability and structural damage, the pattern and extent of brain activation during planning were maintained despite poorer performance. In contrast to other studies showing increased activity, the failure to do so in our group may reflect exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms.
Does the Beat Go On? Does the Video Still Play? Results from the Largest Series to Date on the Safety of Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Devices (2009)

Purpose: Studies to date suggest that video capsule endoscopy (CE) is safe and associated with few adverse events. A concern, which has not been extensively studied, is the capsule's potential adverse effect on implantable cardiac devices, and conversely, cardiac device-mediated interference of images acquired by CE. This is particularly important in the elderly, because CE is most often performed for occult gastrointestinal bleeding, a condition not uncommon in this group who also have the most number of implantable cardiac devices. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of CE in patients with implanted electromedical cardiac devices and the secondary aim was to determine whether the implantable cardiac devices had any effect on the images captured by the capsule. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent a CE and had implantable cardiac devices - cardiac pacemakers (PM), implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) - at Mayo Clinic Arizona and Mayo Clinic Rochester. Data points collected include demographics, indication for CE, pre- and post-procedure cardiac assessments, quality of CE study with particular reference to technical difficulties or interference with video imaging, and if CE was complete to the cecum. Results: Ninety-one capsule studies were reviewed (N=84 pts; 67%M). The average age of the population studied was 73.1 yrs. Average BMI was 27.7 kg/m2. Patients most commonly had PMs (69.2%), followed by ICDs (25.3%), LVAD (3.3%), LVAD+ICD (1.1%) and LVAD + PM (1.1%). The indication for CE in order of frequency was gastrointestinal bleeding (73.6%), anemia (15.4%), abdominal pain (6.6%), celiac disease (2.2%), diarrhea (1.1%), and Crohn's disease (1.1%). CE reached the cecum in 62.6% of the patients. Quality of preparation was available on only 70/91 CEs and was rated fair to excellent in 48.4%. Post procedure assessments did not reveal any interference on the implanted cardiac device. Only 1 patient with an ICD had a 25 minute loss of capsule imaging that resumed when the capsule device recorder was replaced. Conclusion: This study represents the largest known series to date of the impact of CE on cardiac devices and vice versa. Performance of CE in patients with cardiac devices including LVADs appears safe. Conversely, the implanted cardiac devices in general do not interfere with CE images. Disclosure: Dr Jonathan Leighton,Research support Given Imaging and Olympus. Consulting for Given Imaging and Intromedic Dr Lucinda A. Harris - No conflicts Dr Stephanie Hansel - No conflicts Dr Elizabeth Rajan- No conflicts Dr Komandoor Srivathasan - No conflicts Dr Surya Gurudu - No Conflicts Dr Virender K. Sharma - Consulting - EnteroMedic Dr Michael D. Crowell No conflicts Dr Robert Rea - No conflicts Ms. Janice K. Post - Consulting Given Imaging Debbra K. Stark - No conflicts.
Production planning problem with market impact under demand uncertainty (2017)

In this paper, we consider the production planning problem for a single manufacturer with the investment to improve the market impact under demand uncertainty. In the mathematical model, the average demand increases if the investment of market impact is increased for each product. The objective is to maximize the total profit with a piecewise linear investment cost and a budget constraint. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. A solution procedure based on Lagrangian relaxation is developed to solve the problem efficiently. In the proposed method, an analytical solution of the newsboy problem is effectively used to derive the lower and upper bounds. The condition of the concavity of the profit function is derived. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through computational experiments.
Percutaneous Strain Reduction Screws are a Cost Effective and Reproducible method to treat Long Bone Non-union (2022)

Introduction Non-unions often arise because of high strain environments at fracture sites. Revision fixation, bone grafting and biologic treatments to treat long bone fracture non-union can be expe...
Heat transfer enhancement induced by electrically generated convection in a plane layer of dielectric liquid (2012)

International audience
Design and validation of an accelerator for an ultracold electron source (2008)

We describe here a specially designed accelerator structure and a pulsed power supply that are essential parts of a high brightness cold atoms-based electron source. The accelerator structure allows a magneto-optical atom trap to be operated inside of it, and also transmits subnanosecond electric field pulses. The power supply produces high voltage pulses up to 30 kV, with a rise time of up to 30 ns. The resulting electric field inside the structure is characterized with an electro-optic measurement and with an ion time-of-flight experiment. Simulations predict that 100 fC electron bunches, generated from trapped atoms inside the structure, reach an emittance of 0.04 mm mrad and a bunch length of 80 ps.
Optimal prefetching and caching for parallel I/O sytems (2001)

We address the problem of prefetching and caching in a parallel I/O system and present a new algorithm for optimal parallel-disk scheduling. Traditional buffer management algorithms that minimize the number of I/O disk accesses, are substantially suboptimal in a parallel I/O system where multiple I/Os can proceed simultaneously.
Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons Coordinate Reproductive Activities with Metabolism (2019)

Hypothalamic control of fertility is the quintessential homeostatic function. However, fertility is metabolically demanding; so, there must be coordination between energy states and reproductive functions. Because gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are devoid of many of the critical metabolic hormone receptors for sensing nutrient levels, it has long been recognized that the sensing of energy stores had to be done by neurons presynaptic to GnRH neurons. Some of the obvious players have been the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, both of which are in close apposition to the median eminence, a circumventricular organ. Indeed, POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons are inversely regulated by glucose and metabolic hormones including insulin and leptin. However, their synaptic connections with GnRH neurons are sparse and/or GnRH neurons are lacking the postsynaptic receptors to mediate the appropriate physiological response. Kisspeptin neurons were discovered in the early part of this century and subsequently shown to project to and control GnRH neuronal excitability. In fact, more recently the arcuate kisspeptin neurons have been identified as the command neurons driving pulsatile release of GnRH. Subsequently, it was shown that arcuate kisspeptin neurons express not only steroid hormone receptors but also metabolic hormone receptors such that similar to POMC neurons, they are excited by insulin and leptin. Therefore, based on the premise that arcuate kisspeptin neurons are the key neurons coordinating energy states with reproduction, we will review not only how these vital neurons control pulsatile GnRH release but how they control energy homeostasis through their synaptic connections with POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons and ultimately how E2 can regulate their excitability.
Dorsalization and neural induction: properties of the organizer in Xenopus laevis. (1983)

We have studied the action of the organizer in Xenopus laevis using grafts labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Orthotropic grafts of the dorsal marginal zone (the organizer) from an HRP-labelled embryo into an unlabelled host showed that this region contributes to the anterior archenteron wall, to the entire craniocaudal extent of the notochord and to a few cells in the somites. Little or no contribution was made to the neural tube. Orthotopic grafts of the ventral marginal zone (the tissue that responds to a grafted organizer) indicated that it only contributes to the posterior half of the embryo. Within this region it spreads around the entire ventrolateral mesoderm, occasionally contributing a few cells to the somites. The posterior endoderm was also heavily labelled. When the dorsal marginal zone from an HRP-labelled embryo was inserted into a slit cut in the ventral marginal zone of an unlabelled host a mirror-symmetrical double-dorsal duplicated embryo resulted, in which only the notochord and a few cells in the somites of the secondary embryo were derived from the graft. The bulk of the secondary somites was, therefore, derived from host ventral marginal zone tissue which normally makes very little contribution to the somites. This indicates that host ventral marginal zone becomes dorsalized by the graft. The neural tube of the secondary embryo was also unlabelled, showing that it was induced by the influence of the graft on the overlying ectoderm, which normally forms ventral epidermis. We have also grafted ventral marginal zone tissue into a slit cut into the dorsal marginal zone of a host embryo. HRP-labelled tissue was grafted into an unlabelled embryo and vice versa. This graft did not produce a double ventral embryo and this reinforces the traditional view that the dorsal marginal zone is a special signalling region. Instead, the resulting embryos usually had a twinned notochord with the graft tissue in between, differentiated as somite. This confirms that juxtaposing ventral and dorsal marginal zone 'dorsalizes' the ventral tissue but does not affect the dorsal tissue which differentiates, as usual, as notochord. Thus, our results allow us to conclude that the organizer mediates two distinct interactions in bringing about the formation of duplicated embryos. The first is dorsalization of adjacent ventral mesoderm and the second is the induction of neuroepithelium from ectoderm overlying the new archenteron roof.
Structures of R- and T-state Escherichia coli Aspartokinase III (2006)

Aspartokinase III (AKIII) from <i>Escherichia coli</i> catalyzes an initial commitment step of the aspartate pathway, giving biosynthesis of certain amino acids including lysine. We report crystal structures of AKIII in the inactive T-state with bound feedback allosteric inhibitor lysine and in the R-state with aspartate and ADP. The structures reveal an unusual configuration for the regulatory ACT domains, in which ACT2 is inserted into ACT1 rather than the expected tandem repeat. Comparison of R- and T-state AKIII indicates that binding of lysine to the regulatory ACT1 domain in R-state AKIII instigates a series of changes that release a "latch", the β15-αK loop, from the catalytic domain, which in turn undergoes large rotational rearrangements, promoting tetramer formation and completion of the transition to the T-state. Lysine-induced allosteric transition in AKIII involves both destabilizing the R-state and stabilizing the T-state tetramer. Rearrangement of the catalytic domain blocks the ATP-binding site, which is therefore the structural basis for allosteric inhibition of AKIII by lysine.