gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemistry of thiophenes. IX. Rearrangements of alkylthiophenes and the bithienyls (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of thiophenes. IX. Rearrangements of alkylthiophenes and the bithienylsRichard M. Kellogg, J. K. Dik, H. Van Driel, and Hans WynbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 8, 2737–2741Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00833a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00833a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Stimulus Frequency on the Analgesic Response to Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (1999)

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common medical problems in our society.Increasingly, patients are turning to nonpharmacologic analgesic therapies such as percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS). We designed this sham-controlled study to compare the effect of three different frequencies of electrical stimulation on the analgesic response to PENS therapy. Sixty-eight consenting patients with LBP secondary to degenerative lumbar disc disease were treated with PENS therapy at 4 Hz, alternating 15 Hz and 30 Hz (15/30 Hz), and 100 Hz, as well as sham-PENS (0 Hz), according to a randomized, cross-over study design. Each treatment was administered for a period of 30 min three times per week for 2 wk. The pre- and posttreatment assessments included the health status survey short form and visual analog scales for pain, physical activity, and quality of sleep. After receiving all four treatments, patients completed a global assessment questionnaire. The sham-PENS treatments failed to produce changes in the degree of pain, physical activity, sleep quality, or daily intake of oral analgesic medications. In contrast, 4-Hz, 15/30-Hz, and 100-Hz stimulation all produced significant decreases in the severity of pain, increases in physical activity, improvements in the quality of sleep, and decreases in oral analgesic requirements (P < 0.01). Of the three frequencies, 15/30 Hz was the most effective in decreasing pain, increasing physical activity, and improving the quality of sleep (P < 0.05). In the global assessment, 40% of the patients reported that 15/30 Hz was the most desirable therapy, and it was also more effective in improving the patient's sense of well-being. We conclude that the frequency of electrical stimulation is an important determinant of the analgesic response to PENS therapy. Alternating stimulation at 15-Hz and 30-Hz frequencies was more effective than either 4 Hz or 100 Hz in improving outcome measures in patients with LBP. Implications: The frequency of electrical stimulation seems to be an important determinant of the analgesic efficacy of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Mixed low- and high-frequency stimulation was more effective than either low or high frequencies alone in the treatment of patients with low back pain. (Anesth Analg 1999;88:841-6)
Development of quantitative 31P NMR methods for the trapping of phenoxy &amp; ketyl free radicals (2008)

Recent work in our laboratory [1] has allowed the development of Quantitative 31P-NMR spin trapping techniques. These methods have been demonstrated to be effective tools for the detection and absolute quantification of many Oxygen and Carbon centered free radical species. Our methods rests on the fact that free radicals react with the nitroxide phosphorous compound, 5-diisopropoxy-phosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DIPPMPO), to form stable radical adducts, which are suitably detected and accurately quantified using 31P-NMR in the presence of phosphorus containing internal standard. This powerful system was applied to better understand the mechanism of enzymatic oxidation of phenolic and non-phenolic model compounds resembling various lignin biosynthetic pathways. The mechanisms involved consists of H-abstraction reaction involving radical species, such as phenoxy and ketyl radical, which are very difficult intermediates to be detected and quantified with traditional EPR. Our methodology has been shown capable of being able to do just that. The 31P-NMR signals for the radical adducts of phenoxy radicals (PhO·) and ketyl radicals (PhC·CH3OH) were assigned and found to be 25.2 and 29.3 ppm respectively. Moreover to confirm their presence and identity, their mass spectra were also determined. Subsequently, the Spin Trap system was applied to the oxidation of phenols and apocinols in the presence of Peroxidases and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as mediator. These efforts demonstrate the efficacy of our methodologies that rests on the fact that a variety of radical species can now be readily detected and quantified using quantitative 31P-NMR spin trapping techniques.
Passive Leak Detection Using Commercial Hydrogen Colorimetric Indicator (2016)

Element One, Inc. (www.elem.com), a small business with in Boulder, CO, has been developing hydrogen detection technology based upon a highly selective colorimetric indicator. In its native state, the indicator pigment is a pale gray color, but becomes black upon exposure to hydrogen. The colorimetric change can be readily observed by the naked eye without the need for supplemental electronics or other hardware. Recently, the colorimetric indicator was integrated into a pliable, self-adhesive tape that can readily wrap around pneumatic fittings to serve as a hydrogen leak detector. A prototype version of the Element One indicator tape was tested within an NREL hydrogen system and successfully identified the unexpected presence of a small leak; a summary document for this case study is presented in Appendix 1. The tape was subsequently configured into 10-foot rolls as a product prototype that has just recently been commercialized and marketed under the tradename DetecTape(R). Figure 1 shows the commercial version of DetecTape along with an indicator sample in its native state and one that had been exposed to hydrogen. DetecTape is a self-adhesive silicone-based tape impregnated with a proprietary hydrogen-sensitive indicator based on transition metal oxides. A length of the tape can be cut from the roll and stretched by a factor of two or three times around a fitting. Due to the self-adhesive property of the tape, this provides a tight seal around the fitting. The seal is not hermetic, and is not intended to prevent the release of a leaking gas. However, a portion of the hydrogen leaking from a wrapped fitting will pass through the tape and react with the active indicator impregnated within the tape, thereby inducing blackening.
Critical-field curves for switching toggle mode magnetoresistance random access memory devices (invited) (2005)

The magnetization behavior of generalized synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) is investigated by analytic/numeric method, applying Stoner–Wohlfarth model to each layer. Critical conditions for toggle-mode switching are given using the critical-field curves obtained from the field trajectories giving a constant value to the average angle of the magnetizations of the two layers or to the angle between the two, leaving the other variable. The critical fields for the toggle operation are found to be expressed by analytical formulas including only controllable element parameters, facilitating the parameter optimization for the memory element. The results obtained for the generalized SAF are useful in determining the tolerance for the parameter imbalance. Half-select disturb effect is still one of the important issues to be taken into account in designing the memory element.
Overview of E-Partnerships (2011)

In the past decade, many significant changes have affected the business environment, including globalization of economies, the fast growth of electronic business, dramatically increased competition in most industries and sectors and rapidly evolving technology innovations. As globalization increasingly permeates the world markets, competition is no longer limited to that between individual businesses, but now exists between the entire supply chain. Equally, the convergence of IT and communication and the advent of the Internet have impacted dramatically on almost every aspect of our lives. Indeed, the Internet and WWW have been seen as the catalyst for radical change in businessactivities and business processes. The digital world offers a borderless and virtual village where companies are interconnected and interdependent through a network of partnerships and relationships. Companies have responded differently to the opportunity this represents; some use Web sites as a show window (a public relations tool) or build e-business portals which complement an existing brick-and-mortar business, while other Web sites serve as the only physical appearance of an e-business.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
[Dilren efficacy in postmyocardial infarction patients]. (2001)

25 survivors of primary macrofocal myocardial infarction (MI) were treated for a year with children. The response in 9(36%) patients was achieved with a single dose 180 mg, in 16(64%) patients with concomitant arterial hypertension the dose was raised to 300 mg. No fatal outcomes were registered. Repeated IM developed in 4(16%) patients. 15(60%) patients improved, deterioration was seen in 4(16%) patients. Dilren-induced complications occurred in 3(12%) patients.
Monitoring and Characterization of Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Japan, 2009–2010 (2011)

To monitor and characterize oseltamivir-resistant (OR) pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus with the H275Y mutation, we analyzed 4,307 clinical specimens from Japan by neuraminidase (NA) sequencing or inhibition assay; 61 OR pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses were detected. NA inhibition assay and M2 sequencing indicated that OR pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was resistant to M2 inhibitors, but sensitive to zanamivir. Full-genome sequencing showed OR and oseltamivir-sensitive (OS) viruses had high sequence similarity, indicating that domestic OR virus was derived from OS pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Hemagglutination inhibition test demonstrated that OR and OS pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses were antigenically similar to the A/California/7/2009 vaccine strain. Of 61 case-patients with OR viruses, 45 received oseltamivir as treatment, and 10 received it as prophylaxis, which suggests that most cases emerged sporadically from OS pandemic (H1N1) 2009, due to selective pressure. No evidence of sustained spread of OR pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was found in Japan; however, 2 suspected incidents of human-to-human transmission were reported.
A surface-tension driven micropump for low-voltage and low-power operations (2002)

In this paper, we first report a micropump actuated by surface tension based on continuous electrowetting (CEW). We have used the surface-tension-induced motion of a mercury drop in a microchannel filled with an electrolyte as actuation energy for the micropump. This allows low voltage operation as well as low-power consumption. The micropump is composed of a stack of three wafers bonded together. The microchannel is formed on a glass wafer using SU-8 and is filled with electrolyte where the mercury drop is inserted. The movement of the mercury pushes or drags the electrolyte, resulting in the deflection of a membrane that is formed on the second silicon wafer. Another silicon wafer, which has passive check valves and holes, is stacked on the membrane wafer, forming inlet and outlet chambers. Finally, these two chambers are connected through a silicone tube forming the complete micropump. The performance of the fabricated micropump has been tested for various operation voltages and frequencies. We have demonstrated actual liquid pumping up to 70 /spl mu/l/min with a driving voltage of 2.3 V and a power consumption of 170 /spl mu/W. The maximum pump pressure is about 800 Pa at the applied voltage of 2.3 V with an operation frequency of 25 Hz.
Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number of Live Crude Oil: A Predictive Model Based on Thermodynamics (2016)

We took advantage of recently published works and new experimental data to propose a model for the prediction of the Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number of live crude oil (EACNlo) for EOR processes. The model necessitates the a priori knowledge of reservoir pressure and temperature conditions as well as the initial gas to oil ratio. Additionally, some required volumetric properties for hydrocarbons were predicted using an equation of state. The model has been validated both on our own experimental data and data from the literature. These various case studies cover broad ranges of conditions in terms of API gravity index, gas to oil ratio, reservoir pressure and temperature, and composition of representative gas. The predicted EACNlo values reasonably agree with experimental EACN values, i.e. determined by comparison with salinity scans for a series of n-alkanes from nC8 to nC18. The model has been used to generate high pressure high temperature data, showing competing effects of the gas to oil ratio, pressure and temperature. The proposed model allows to strongly narrow down the spectrum of possibilities in terms of EACNlo values, and thus a more rational use of equipments.
Characterization and modeling of LDMOS transistors on a 0.6 μm CMOS technology (2002)

High voltage integrated circuits (HVIC's) are emerging as viable alternatives to discrete circuits in a wide variety of applications. A commonly used high voltage component of these circuits is the lateral double diffused MOS transistor (LDMOS). The LDMOS transistor is based on the lightly doped drain concept. Two of the main objectives in designing LDMOS devices are to minimize the on-resistance while still maintaining a high breakdown voltage. Attempts to model LDMOS devices are complicated by the existence of the lightly doped drain and by the extension of the gate oxide and polysilicon beyond the channel into this region. This lightly doped drain region can have a large effect on the on-resistance, saturation current and feedback capacitance of the device. This paper presents a LDMOS device, considers some of the key specific parameters related to LDMOS devices, discusses a sub-circuit SPICE model implemented to model the LDMOS characteristics and investigates some interconnect metallization effects.
Occurrence of Transaminations with Pyruvate andα-Ketoglutarate inAcetobacter suboxydans (1973)

Journal Article Occurrence of Transaminations with Pyruvate andα-Ketoglutarate inAcetobacter suboxydans Get access Tatsurokuro Tochikura, Tatsurokuro Tochikura Department of Agricultural Chemistry,Kyoto University,Kyoto Present address: Department of Food Science and Technology,Kyoto University,Kyoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takashi Tachiki, Takashi Tachiki Department of Agricultural Chemistry,Kyoto University,Kyoto Present address: Department of Food Science and Technology,Kyoto University,Kyoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Nakahama, Kazuo Nakahama Department of Agricultural Chemistry,Kyoto University,Kyoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annette Baich, Annette Baich Department of Biochemistry,Oregon State University,Oregon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vernon H Cheldelin Vernon H Cheldelin Department of Biochemistry,Oregon State University,Oregon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 5, 1 May 1973, Pages 1161–1168, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10860795 Published: 01 May 1973 Article history Received: 06 December 1972 Published: 01 May 1973
DNA Bending by Asymmetric Phosphate Neutralization (1994)

DNA is often bent when complexed with proteins. Understanding the forces responsible for DNA bending would be of fundamental value in exploring the interplay of these macromolecules. A series of experiments was devised to test the hypothesis that proteins with cationic surfaces can induce substantial DNA bending by neutralizing phosphates on one DNA face. Repulsions between phosphates in the remaining anionic helix are predicted to result in an unbalanced compression force acting to deform the DNA toward the protein. This hypothesis is supported by the results of electrophoretic experiments in which DNA spontaneously bends when one helical face is partially modified by incorporation of neutral phosphate analogs. Phasing with respect to a site of intrinsic DNA curvature (hexadeoxyadenylate tract) permits estimation of the electrostatic bend angle, and demonstrates that such modified DNAs are deformed toward the neutralized surface, as predicted. Similar model systems may be useful in exploring the extent to which phosphate neutralization can account for DNA bending by particular proteins.
PZT piezoelectric coefficient extraction by PZT-actuated micro-beam characterization and modeling (2012)

In this paper, we showed the realization and the characterization of a PZT-actuated micro-cantilever. The measurement and the modeling of its resonant frequency allow deducing the cantilever length. Using this value and combining the measurement and the modeling of the cantilever displacement amplitude at a given voltage, we extract PZT d 31 piezoelectric coefficient as being 165±25 pm/V; which is among the highest values ever published for PZT thin films. It is worth noting that d 31 is homogenous throughout the whole 200mm wafer.
Effects of evening vs morning thyroxine ingestion on serum thyroid hormone profiles in hypothyroid patients (2006)

l-thyroxine taken at bedtime by patients with primary hypothyroidism is associated with higher thyroid hormone concentrations and lower TSH concentrations compared to the same l-thyroxine dose taken in the morning. At the same time, the circadian TSH rhythm stays intact. Our findings are best explained by a better gastrointestinal uptake of l-thyroxine during the night.
Evaluation of the effects of biobased plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (2006)

Abstract Blends were prepared of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with four different plasticizers; esters of aconitic, citric, and phthalic acids; and other ingredients used in commercial flexible PVC products. The thermal and mechanical properties of the fresh products and of the products after 6 months of aging were measured. Young's modulus of the PVC blends was reduced about 10‐fold by an increase in the plasticizer level from 15 to 30 phr from the semirigid to the flexible range according to the ASTM classification, but a 40‐phr level was required for PVC to retain its flexibility beyond 6 months. At the 40‐phr level, tributyl aconitate performed better than diisononyl phthalate (DINP) or tributyl citrate, in terms of lowering Young's modulus, both in the fresh materials and those aged for 6 months. The effects of the four plasticizers on the glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) were similar, with T g close to ambient temperature at the 30‐ and 40‐phr levels in freshly prepared samples and at 40–60°C in those aged for 6 months. The thermal stability of the PVC plasticized with DINP was superior among the group. Overall, tributyl aconitate appeared to be a good candidate for use in consumer products where the alleged toxicity of DINP may be an issue. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1366–1373, 2006
Integral Foam Molding - A New Process for Foamed Magnesium Castings (2007)

Integral foam molding (IFM) is an economical near net-shape technology to produce monolithic castings with solid skin, foamed core and continuous density transition between skin and core. It was developed for polymers in the 1960s. But it took about ten years to optimize the molding technique and the quality of the polymer integral foam parts to a marketable stage. Meanwhile, polymer integral foam parts are established in a lot of commercial applications. The situation is completely different for metals. The first attempts to produce metal integral foam parts were made only a few years ago. A cost effective injection molding technique for magnesium integral foam was developed at the WTM-Institute in Erlangen, Germany. The low-cost production in combination with the integral foam properties low density, high weight specific bending stiffness and remarkable damping capacity is very promising. At the beginning we produced only parts with simple shape, for example plates. But if we think about commercial applications, more complex parts with a three-dimensional shape are required. The focus of this paper is on new developments concerning the production of magnesium integral foam parts with complex shape like a casing cover or a door handle.
Spot the Difference by Object Detection (2018)

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective solution to a change detection task that detects the difference between two images, which we call "spot the difference". Our approach uses CNN-based object detection by stacking two aligned images as input and considering the differences between the two images as objects to detect. An early-merging architecture is used as the backbone network. Our method is accurate, fast and robust while using very cheap annotation. We verify the proposed method on the task of change detection between the digital design and its photographic image of a book. Compared to verification based methods, our object detection based method outperforms other methods by a large margin and gives extra information of location. We compress the network and achieve 24 times acceleration while keeping the accuracy. Besides, as we synthesize the training data for detection using weakly labeled images, our method does not need expensive bounding box annotation.
Knife-edge profiling of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam and waist (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Michael Mauck, "Knife-edge profiling of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam and waist," Appl. Opt. 18, 599-600 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article