gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel whole-blood stimulation assay to detect and quantify memory T-cells in COVID-19 patients (2021)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells responses are essential for virus clearance. We present a novel and simple whole-blood assay allowing the detection of interferon-gamma-producing antiviral T-cells following peptide stimulation. We show that unlike neutralizing antibodies, antiviral memory T-cells persist at least 6 months in convalescent Covid-19 individuals.
Protease-dependent mechanisms of complement evasion by bacterial pathogens (2012)

The human immune system has evolved a variety of mechanisms for the primary task of neutralizing and eliminating microbial intruders. As the first line of defense, the complement system is responsible for rapid recognition and opsonization of bacteria, presentation to phagocytes and bacterial cell killing by direct lysis. All successful human pathogens have mechanisms of circumventing the antibacterial activity of the complement system and escaping this stage of the immune response. One of the ways in which pathogens achieve this is the deployment of proteases. Based on the increasing number of recent publications in this area, it appears that proteolytic inactivation of the antibacterial activities of the complement system is a common strategy of avoiding targeting by this arm of host innate immune defense. In this review, we focus on those bacteria that deploy proteases capable of degrading complement system components into non-functional fragments, thus impairing complement-dependent antibacterial activity and facilitating pathogen survival inside the host.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of β-catenin signaling controls metastasis in Braf-activated Pten-deficient melanomas. (2011)

Malignant melanoma is characterized by frequent metastasis, however specific changes that regulate this process have not been clearly delineated. Although it is well known that Wnt signaling is frequently dysregulated in melanoma, the functional implications of this observation are unclear. By modulating -catenin levels in a mouse model of melanoma that is based on melanocyte-specific Pten loss and BrafV600E mutation, we demonstrate that -catenin is a central mediator of melanoma metastasis to lymph node and lung. In addition to altering metastasis, catenin levels control tumor differentiation and regulate both MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt signaling. Highly metastatic tumors with -catenin stabilization are very similar to a subset of human melanomas. Together these findings establish Wnt signaling as a metastasis regulator in melanoma.
Negative refraction (2004)

Light bends the wrong way in materials where both ε and μ are negative as was pointed out in 1968, but the absence of natural materials with this property led to neglect of the subject until 1999 when it was shown how to make artificial materials, metamaterials, with negative μ. The rapid advance of the subject since that date, both in theory and experiment, is reflected in the exponential growth of publications now at the 200 per year level and still growing. This interest is explained by the sudden availability of a qualitatively different class of electromagnetic materials combined with the quite startling properties which these materials appear to have; all of which provokes debate as each new facet of their behaviour is revealed. Experiment has been vital to resolution of controversy and has chiefly been in the microwave region of the spectrum though there is potential in the optical region currently being explored by several groups.
Global Survey Examines Impact of Depression (2000)

A new World Health Organization (WHO) study seeks to verify recent findings on the social and economic burden of mental health conditions worldwide using standardized instruments, translated in a manner that is culturally valid for each location. Launched last month, this massive, in-depth survey of mental health conditions around the globe will focus on depression, which WHO expects to be the second leading cause of disability after heart disease by 2020.
D-Talose anomerization: NMR methods to evaluate the reaction kinetics (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTD-Talose anomerization: NMR methods to evaluate the reaction kineticsJoseph R. Snyder, Eric R. Johnston, and Anthony S. SerianniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7, 2681–2687Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00189a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00189a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
IMPROVEMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN ENCLOSED-IMPELLER TYPE AXIAL FLOW BLOOD PUMP WITH HYDRODYNAMIC CONICAL BEARINGS (2006)

The main purpose of this study is to develop the enclosed-impeller type axial flow blood pump that enables an enclosed-impeller to be levitated using hydrodynamic conical bearings. This time we report on improvements including the miniaturization and the results of in vitro experiments. The enclosed-impeller type axial flow blood pump consists of a spindle rotor with the enclosed-impeller, a pump housing, a blushless DC motor stator, a flow straightener and a diffuser. The shape of vane was designed according to a CFD analysis. The enclosed-impeller length is 35 mm, and the diameter is 14 mm. The diameter of the hydrodynamic conical bearing included into the spindle rotor is 15 to 27 mm, the height is 9 mm, the taper angle is 35 degrees, the number of grooves are 11, and the groove depth is 200 μm. The prototype pump length is 109 mm, and the diameter is 60 mm. We performed the levitation and hydraulic performance test by using a mock circulation loop. A glycerol solution was used for the working fluid. The spindle rotor is moved to the inlet side according to the pressure head, so three eddy-current sensors were attached at the inlet side of the pump to measure the levitation distance of the hydrodynamic conical bearing. The levitation distance of about 30 μm was obtained at a rotational speed of 12,000 rpm. A flow rate of 5 L/min at 100 mmHg pressure head was achieved at the rotational speed of about 9,000 rpm. The enclosed-impeller type axial flow blood pump is expected to be applicable in implantable rotary blood pumps.
Fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings of different center wavelengths using a single phase-mask (2003)

Several methods have been demonstrated for fabricating tunable fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) such as mask image projection using imaging lens [1] and tilting the fiber at an angle respect to the phase-mask allowing a change in the grating period [2]. Center wavelength of FBG can also be tuned by applying strain to the fiber prior the fabrication so that, upon relaxation, a smaller Bragg wavelength is obtained [3]. Following this approach, center wavelength of FBG can be selected in a wide spectral range. During the fabrication process the index of refraction of the fiber core changes with the exposure time of the fiber to UV light, leading to a variation in the Bragg wavelength and reflectivity of the FBG. However, the dynamic of the writing process changes considerably as a variable strain is applied to the fiber. In this paper, we present a method for writing multiple FBG at different center wavelengths using a single phase-mask. Fabrication parameters such as applied strain and exposure time are chosen in order to obtain FBG with the center wavelength and reflectivity desired.
Endotoxin-induced selective dysfunction of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to endogenous chemotactic factors (1985)

To assess the mechanism and specificity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) dysfunction induced by endotoxin, rabbits were injected intravenously with 100 micrograms of Escherichia coli endotoxin, and PMN function was studied 18 to 24 h later. Compared to PMN from normal rabbits, peripheral blood PMN from rabbits injected with endotoxin showed diminished chemotactic responsiveness to two endogenous peptides, C5a (complement) and platelet-derived growth factor, and to two endogenous lipids, leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor. The chemotactic response to the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), was unimpaired. In contrast to migration, endotoxin injection resulted in inhibition of the secretory response to the two endogenous peptides but not to the lipids or to FMLP. At a 1:4 (vol/vol) dilution, the plasma either 1 or 24 h after the endotoxin injection inhibited normal PMN chemotactic responses to C5a but not to FMLP. Similarly, at a 1:10 dilution, this plasma inhibited normal PMN chemotactic responses to leukotriene B4. The factor responsible for inhibiting responses to leukotriene B4 was anionic, specific for leukotriene B4 responses, and greater than 12,000 daltons. These data may be relevant to understanding PMN dysfunction during gram-negative sepsis.
Automatic cancer sub-grading on digital histopathology images of radical prostatectomy specimens (2020)

Automatic cancer sub-grading of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens can support clinical studies seeking the prognostic indications of the sub-grades, and potentially benefits patient risk management and treatment planning. We developed and validated an automatic system which classifies each of nine subgrades (i.e. 4 sub-grades of Gleason grade 3, 3 sub-grades of Gleason grade 4, benign intervening, and other cancerous tissue) on digital histopathology whole-slide images (WSIs). The system was cross-validated against expert-drawn contours on a 25-patient data set comprising 92 mid-gland WSIs of RP specimens. The system used a transfer learning technique by fine-tuning AlexNet to classify each cancerous region of interest (ROI) according to sub-grade. We used leave-one-WSI-out cross-validation to measure classifier performance. The system yielded an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) higher than 0.8 for sub-grades of small fused Gleason 4 (G4), intermediate G3, and other cancerous tissue (AUC of 0.976); and AUCs higher than 0.7 for sub-grades of sparse G3, large cribriform G4, and desmoplastic G3.
Immunohistochemical Similarities between Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus and Morphea: A Case Study (2015)

Both morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) are connective tissue diseases that mainly affect the skin. A recent report suggested that a substantial portion of morphea coexists with LSA. In this report, we describe a case of LSA on the abdomen accompanied by morphea; we employed immunohistochemical staining for periostin as well as MMP-7 and MMP-28, both of which are reported to facilitate fibrosis in the development of various organs, including skin. To our knowledge, this is first English language paper that demonstrates the immunohistochemical staining of periostin, MMP-7 and MMP-28 for morphea and LSA. Our present case might suggest possible mechanisms for the coexistence of two different sclerotic skin disorders.
[PP.17.12] THE EFFECT OF VALSARTAN TREATMENT ON CEREBROVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (2016)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of valsartan treatment on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Design and method: Subjects were 34 patients with AH and RA (male/female 1/33, age 61 [54; 64] yrs, SBP/DBP 142 [131; 149]/79 [77; 90] mmHg). Valsartan (40–320 mg/day) was administered for 24 weeks. CVR was evaluated by bilateral transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in hypercapnia (HC) before (W0) and after 24 weeks valsartan treatment (W24). We measured MCA time average maximal blood flow velocity (TAMX), peak systolic velocity (Vps) at baseline, during 2 min inhalation of the 4% mixture of carbonic gas with air (CO2) and during 3 min recovery phase. Values are presented as Me [25; 75 percentiles]. Results: MCA TAMX, Vps were increased during 2 minutes of CO2 inhalation, but did not return to baseline values in the recovery phase before treatment (Figure). Valsartan normalized both systolic and diastolic BP since the first month (P < 0.01). During CO2 inhalation MCA TAMX and Vps did not differ significantly between W0 and W24. Values of MCA blood flow velocities were significantly lower after valsartan treatment compared with W0 in the 3–5 minutes recovery period (P < 0.02). Conclusions: According to the results of MCA TCD, valsartan treatment improved CVR in patients with AH and RA by normalizing the MCA blood flow velocities in the recovery phase of CO2 test.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of (‐)‐Neodysidenin from Dysidea herbacea. Implications for Biosynthesis of 5,5,5‐Trichloroleucine Peptides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Raman Detection Threshold Measurements for Acetic Acid in Martian Regolith Simulant JSC-1 in the Presence of Hydrated Metallic Sulfates (2018)

Several measurements, including the data from the laser spectrometer in the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on the Curiosity Rover in Gale crater, have measured seasonal variations in atmospheric methane at the 0.7 ppbv (parts per billion volume) level. As a result, models have been proposed to understand the methane production including novel chemical, geological, meteorological, and biological mechanisms. Biological models often rely on methanogenic extremophile archaea which might be similar to some Earth based organisms which can be studied exhaustively in a laboratory setting. Such organisms might thrive in a subsurface ecosystem involving water and methane and as such could leave a unique biosignature in the Martian regolith that could be preserved over extended periods of time. The resulting mixture of carboxyl, acetyl and hydroxyl groups blended with the metallic sulfates and regolith constituents could produce a Raman signature detectable on the next rover mission if the concentration is high enough. Here we measure the 532 nm and the 780 nm Raman spectra of a variety of molar concentrations of several hydrated metallic sulfates mixed with JSC-1 Martian regolith simulant to identify the signature concentration thresholds for the isolated C=O Raman peak from acetic acid. We find a Raman peak removed from most fragmented molecular Raman bands near 1608 cm-1 using the 532 nm laser for the Fe and Mg sulfates to yield a threshold in the 120 - 160 ppmv range for a cutoff S/N of 2.
Comparison Between a β‐Tricalcium Phosphate and an Absorbable Collagen Sponge Carrier Technology for rhGDF‐5–Stimulated Periodontal Wound Healing/Regeneration (2012)

The β-TCP carrier technology significantly enhanced rhGDF-5-stimulated bone formation compared with the ACS benchmark in this discriminating periodontal defect model. The structural integrity of the β-TCP carrier, preventing compression while providing a framework for bone ingrowth, may account for the observed results.
Intron Retention Generates a Novel Isoform of the Murine Vitamin D Receptor That Acts in a Dominant Negative Way on the Vitamin D Signaling Pathway (1996)

We identified and characterized a novel rat vitamin D receptor isoform (rVDR1), which retains intron 8 of the canonical VDR (rVDR0) during alternative splicing. In this isoform protein directed by the stop codon in this newly identified exon, a part of the ligand binding domain (86 amino acids) is truncated at the C-terminal end but contains 19 extra amino acids. The rVDR1 transcript was expressed at a level 1/15 to 1/20 of that of rVDR0 in the kidney and intestine in adult rats but not in embryos. The recombinant rVDR1 protein showed no ligand binding activity. Homo- and heterodimers of the recombinant rVDR0 and rVDR1 proteins bound to a consensus vitamin D response element (VDRE) but not to consensus response elements for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid. However, unlike rVDR0, rVDR1 did not form a heterodimeric complex with RXR on the VDRE. A transient expression assay showed that this isoform acted as a dominant negative receptor against rVDR0 transactivation. Interestingly, the dominant negative activities of rVDR1 differed among VDREs. Thus, the present study indicates that this new VDR isoform negatively modulates the vitamin D signaling pathway, through a particular set of target genes.
Rectal Cancer Surgery With or Without Bowel Preparation (2010)

This first randomized trial demonstrated that rectal cancer surgery without MBP was associated with higher risk of overall and infectious morbidity rates without any significant increase of anastomotic leakage rate. Thus, it suggests continuing to perform MBP before elective rectal resection for cancer.
The Development of the Chinese Public Administration Society (2006)

It has been 13 years since the Chinese Public Administration Society (CPAS) was founded in October of 1988. The path of development of CPAS has been closely associated with the new era of China's opening and reform policy. It has furthered the practice of public administration and its development as an emerging academic discipline. A review of the history and present situation of CPAS will not only help readers understand CPAS better, but also understand better the development of administrative science in contemporary China. The development of CPAS mirrors the development of the Chinese public administration community.
Cryopreservation of follicles in human ovarian cortical tissue. Comparison of serum and human serum albumin in the cryoprotectant solutions (2003)

A cryoprotectant solution containing HSA was equally effective as one containing serum. Good viability of follicles was confirmed when using propanediol and sucrose as cryoprotectants, with a large number of follicles.
Downlink Control Channel Design for 3GPP LTE (2008)

With the emergence of packet-based wireless broadband systems, work has begun on long term evolution (LTE) of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access and Radio Access Network aimed for commercial deployment in 2010. Goals for the evolved system include support for improved system capacity and coverage, high peak data rates, low latency, reduced operating costs, multi-antenna support, flexible bandwidth operations and seamless integration with existing systems. To reach these goals, a new design for the air interface including control channel is envisioned. This paper provides a preliminary look at an efficient downlink control channel design to reduce the overhead required to support data transmission. Initial performance results show that close to optimal system performance can be achieved with downlink control overhead of less than 14%.
Aerodynamic analysis of drag reduction devices on the underbody for SAAB 9-3 by using CFD (2011)

Environmental issues and increased fuel prices are driving forces for the automotive manufactures\nto develop more fuel efficient vehicles with lower emissions. Large investments are aimed at\nminimizing power needed for propulsion i.e. new downsized engines with new aerodynamic devices\nfor drag reduction. For passenger cars the aerodynamic drag force is the dominating resistance\nforce at higher velocity. The car body is often optimized for reducing the drag resistance but one\nregion where the aerodynamic development has not reached its full potential is the design of the\nunderbody.\nTo explain the aerodynamic force in a simplified manner the resisting drag originates from the\npressure difference between the stagnation pressure in the front and the base pressure at the rear.\nBy reducing the difference in pressure the drag force will be reduced hence the fuel consumption\nwill be reduced. A device to improve the aerodynamics that is used on sports- and racing-cars\nis a diffuser, with lower ground clearance the diffuser generates downforce and aid the braking,\ncornering and acceleration. Using a diffuser on a passenger car, with higher ground clearance, will\nimprove the pressure recovery on the underbody and the base pressure will be increased. To get\nan effective diffuser a flat underbody is preferred which also contributes to reducing the resisting\ndrag force.\nIn this study the drag reduction effect of a diffuser with panels on the underbody have been\nstudied on the SAAB 9-3 Sport sedan and the SAAB 9-3 Sports wagon. To measure the effect\nof altering the underbody Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations has been performed\nfor the analysis, i.e. no wind tunnel tests have been performed. The simulations showed that a\ngreat improvement of the aerodynamic drag force can be achieved with a flat underbody and a\ndiffuser. It was also found that the rear-end of the vehicles has an effect of the diffusers effect, a\nsteeper diffuser is to prefer on a rear-end with steep rear-windscreen e.g. the sedan.\nDifferent additional aerodynamic devices and diffuser designs was simulated to find the most\neffective drag reduction setup, it was found that the most effective configuration consisted of a\ndiffuser with covered rear rims. A reason for the drag reduction was found that the turbulent\ncrossflow through the rims was prevented which was advantageous for the pressure recovery and\noverall streamlining of the pressure wake behind the vehicle.\nThis study has shown that there are still possibilities to improve the aerodynamics of vehicles,\nespecially at the underbody. By implementing panels at the underbody and a diffuser the drag\nresistance can significantly be reduced and hence a lower fuel consumption.
Physical Layer (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Transport Channels and Their Mapping to the Physical Channels Modulation Uplink User Data Transmission Downlink User Data Transmission Uplink Physical Layer Signaling Transmission PRACH Structure Downlink Physical Layer Signaling Transmission Physical Layer Procedures UE Capability Classes and Supported Features Physical Layer Measurements Physical Layer Parameter Configuration Summary References