gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scene break detection and classification using a block-wise difference method (2002)

We introduce a new approach to the detection and the classification of effects in video sequences. We deal with effects such as cuts, fades, dissolves, and camera motion. Global motion compensation based on block matching and a measure of block mean intensities are used to detect all the effects. We compute the dominant motion vectors to detect the camera motion for each shot and we use the percentage of blocks with sudden intensity variations or gradual intensity change to detect change effects between video shots. The approach can handle complex motion during gradual effects as well as the precise detection of effect lengths. Both synthetic and real evidence is presented to demonstrate how this approach can efficiently classify effects in video sequences involving significant motion.
DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications (2019)

Structural DNA nanotechnology provides a viable route for building from the bottom-up using DNA as construction material. The most common DNA nanofabrication technique is called DNA origami, and it allows high-throughput synthesis of accurate and highly versatile structures with nanometer-level precision. Here, it is shown how the spatial information of DNA origami can be transferred to metallic nanostructures by combining the bottom-up DNA origami with the conventionally used top-down lithography approaches. This allows fabrication of billions of tiny nanostructures in one step onto selected substrates. The method is demonstrated using bowtie DNA origami to create metallic bowtie-shaped antenna structures on silicon nitride or sapphire substrates. The method relies on the selective growth of a silicon oxide layer on top of the origami deposition substrate, thus resulting in a patterning mask for following lithographic steps. These nanostructure-equipped surfaces can be further used as molecular sensors (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)) and in various other optical applications at the visible wavelength range owing to the small feature sizes (sub-10 nm). The technique can be extended to other materials through methodological modifications; therefore, the resulting optically active surfaces may find use in development of metamaterials and metasurfaces.
Antifibrinogen, Antireflective, Antifogging Surfaces with Biocompatible Nano-Ordered Hierarchical Texture Fabricated by Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly (2017)

Endoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive approach that is widely used in various clinical departments, including digestive surgery, thoracic surgery, and urology, because it can minimize the burden on patients. To perform more elaborate procedures, highly functional coatings that enhance the operation efficiency of the related equipment are required; for example, coatings to improve the visibility through endoscope lenses are needed. In this study, we designed multifunctional surfaces that displayed antithrombogenicity, antireflection, and antifogging by controlling nano-ordered hierarchical structures fabricated via layer-by-layer self-assembly. The coatings were composed of polyelectrolyte multilayers prepared from blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) that were deposited in alternating layers with blends of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), PVA, and PAA. Although mixing cationic PAH and anionic PAA solutions generally causes polyelectrolyte–polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) to form through electrostatic interactions, we found that PAH and PAA hardly formed PECs when PVA was present in the solution containing PAA. Consequently, PAA behaved differently in cationic and anionic solutions, resulting in the formation of coatings with hierarchical texture. The structures possessed antireflective properties with a graded refractive index and >95% transmittance. The coatings also displayed resistance to protein adsorption derived from free hydroxyl groups and antifogging performance caused by hydrophilicity combined with the strong hydrogen bonding ability of PVA. The results of this study would be valuable for the development of innovative biomedical devices through a simple and environmentally friendly approach.
A fourth Mediterranean Rhynchothorax and remarks on the genus (Pycnogonida) (1973)

A species of Rhynchothorax, Rh. alcicornis nova species, the fourth known from the Mediterranean Sea, and the tenth in the genus is described. A new key to the species and a review of the genus are provided; an attempt is made to arrange all species known into four different species groups.
Mice Deficient in the α7 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Lack α-Bungarotoxin Binding Sites and Hippocampal Fast Nicotinic Currents (1997)

The alpha7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is abundantly expressed in hippocampus and is implicated in modulating neurotransmitter release and in binding alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT). A null mutation for the alpha7 subunit was prepared by deleting the last three exons of the gene. Mice homozygous for the null mutation lack detectable mRNA, but the mice are viable and anatomically normal. Neuropathological examination of the brain revealed normal structure and cell layering, including normal cortical barrel fields; histochemical assessment of the hippocampus was also normal. Autoradiography with [3H]nicotine revealed no detectable abnormalities of high-affinity nicotine binding sites, but there was an absence of high-affinity [125I]alpha-BGT sites. Null mice also lack rapidly desensitizing, methyllycaconitine-sensitive, nicotinic currents that are present in hippocampal neurons. The results of this study indicate that the alpha-BGT binding sites are equivalent to the alpha7-containing nAChRs that mediate fast, desensitizing nicotinic currents in the hippocampus. These mice demonstrate that the alpha7 subunit is not essential for normal development or for apparently normal neurological function, but the mice may prove to have subtle phenotypic abnormalities and will be valuable in defining the functional role of this gene product in vivo.
An analytical least-squares solution to the line scan LIDAR-camera extrinsic calibration problem (2013)

In this paper, we present an elegant solution to the 2D LIDAR-camera extrinsic calibration problem. Specifically, we develop a simple method for establishing correspondences between a line-scan (2D) LIDAR and a camera using a small calibration target that only contains a straight line. Moreover, we formulate the nonlinear least-squares problem for finding the unknown 6 degree-of-freedom (dof) transformation between the two sensors, and solve it analytically to determine its global minimum. Additionally, we examine the conditions under which the unknown transformation becomes unobservable, which can be used for avoiding ill-conditioned configurations. Finally, we present extensive simulation and experimental results for assessing the performance of the proposed algorithm as compared to alternative analytical approaches.
Are 140 Characters Enough? A Large-Scale Linkability Study of Tweets (2014)

Microblogging is a very popular Internet activity that informs and entertains great multitudes of people world-wide via quickly and scalably disseminated terse messages containing all kinds of newsworthy utterances. Even though microblogging is neither designed nor meant to emphasize privacy, numerous contributors hide behind pseudonyms and compartmentalize their different incarnations via multiple accounts within the same, or across multiple, site(s). Prior work has shown that stylometric analysis is a very powerful tool capable of linking product or service reviews and blogs that are produced by the same author when the number of authors is large. In this paper, we explore linkability of tweets. Our results, based on a very large corpus of tweets, clearly demonstrate that, at least for relatively active tweeters, linkability of tweets by the same author is easily attained even when the number of tweeters is large. We also show that our linkability results hold for a set of actual Twitter users who tweet from multiple accounts. This has some obvious privacy implications, both positive and negative.
Predictive Value of Pharmacokinetics-Adjusted Phenotypic Susceptibility on Response to Ritonavir-Enhanced Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects Failing Prior PI Therapy (2009)

The activities of protease inhibitors in vivo may depend on plasma concentrations and viral susceptibility. This nonrandomized, open-label study evaluated the relationship of the inhibitory quotient (IQ [the ratio of drug exposure to viral phenotypic susceptibility]) to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load (VL) change for ritonavir-enhanced protease inhibitors (PIs). Subjects on PI-based regimens replaced their PIs with ritonavir-enhanced indinavir (IDV/r) 800/200 mg, fosamprenavir (FPV/r) 700/100 mg, or lopinavir (LPV/r) 400/200 mg twice daily. Pharmacokinetics were assessed at day 14; follow-up lasted 24 weeks. Associations between IQ and VL changes were examined. Fifty-three subjects enrolled, 12 on IDV/r, 33 on FPV/r, and 8 on LPV/r. Median changes (n-fold) (FC) of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) to the study PI were high. Median 2-week VL changes were -0.7, -0.1, and -1.0 log(10) for IDV/r, FPV/r, and LPV/r. With FPV/r, correlations between the IQ and the 2-week change in VL were significant (Spearman's r range, -0.39 to -0.50; P < or = 0.029). The strongest correlation with response to FPV/r was the IC(50) FC (r = 0.57; P = 0.001), which improved when only adherent subjects were included (r = 0.68; P = 0.001). In multivariable analyses of the FPV/r arm that included FC, one measure of the drug concentration, corresponding IQ, baseline VL, and CD4, the FC to FPV was the only significant predictor of VL decline (P < 0.001). In exploratory analyses of all arms, the area under the concentration-time curve IQ was correlated with the week 2 VL change (r = -0.72; P < 0.001). In conclusion, in PI-experienced subjects with highly resistant HIV-1, short-term VL responses to RTV-enhanced FPV/r correlated best with baseline susceptibility. The IQ improved correlation in analyses of all arms where a greater range of virologic responses was observed.
Adverse physiologic effects of Western diet on right ventricular structure and function: role of lipid accumulation and metabolic therapy (2018)

Little is known about the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on right ventricular (RV) structure and function. We hypothesized that mice fed a Western diet (WD) would develop RV lipid accumulation and impaired RV function, which would be ameliorated with metformin. Male C57/Bl6 mice were fed a WD or standard rodent diet (SD) for eight weeks. A subset of mice underwent pulmonary artery banding (PAB). Treated mice were given 2.5 g/kg metformin mixed in food. Invasive hemodynamics, histology, Western, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed using standard techniques. Lipid content was detected by Oil Red O staining. Mice fed a WD developed insulin resistance, RV hypertrophy, and higher RV systolic pressure compared with SD controls. Myocardial lipid accumulation was greater in the WD group and disproportionately affected the RV. These structural changes were associated with impaired RV diastolic function in WD mice. PAB-WD mice had greater RV hypertrophy, increased lipid deposition, and lower RV ejection fraction compared with PAB SD controls. Compared to untreated mice, metformin lowered HOMA-IR and prevented weight gain in mice fed a WD. Metformin reduced RV systolic pressure, prevented RV hypertrophy, and reduced RV lipid accumulation in both unstressed stressed conditions. RV diastolic function improved in WD mice treated with metformin. WD in mice leads to an elevation in pulmonary pressure, RV diastolic dysfunction, and disproportionate RV steatosis, which are exacerbated by PAB. Metformin prevents the deleterious effects of WD on RV function and myocardial steatosis in this model of the metabolic syndrome.
A Library of L-Tyrosine-Derived Biodegradable Polyarylates for Potential Biomaterial Applications, Part I: Synthesis, Characterization and Accelerated Hydrolytic Degradation (2009)

A combinatorial library of biodegradable polyarylates derived from L-tyrosine was synthesized and characterized. These polyarylates are A-B-type co-polymers consisting of a cyclic dipeptide and a diacid. General structure-property correlations were established by comparing aryl diacid co-polymers and aliphatic diacid co-polymers. The synthesized polymers were characterized by FT-IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR for their chemical structure, by DSC and TGA for their thermal characteristics and by GPC for their molecular weight distribution. The T(g) of polymers decreased and water absorption increased with increasing number of methylene groups in the polymer backbone. Using a cyclic peptide derived from L-tyrosine as co-monomer we obtained optimum bioactivity and biocompatibility. Combinatorial approaches of designing material increased effectively the number of available degradable polymers which can be used in different biomaterials applications. General structure-property correlation makes polymers' properties varied in a predictable and systematic fashion. Accelerated hydrolytic degradation studies of polyarylates were performed at 70 degrees C in acid and alkali medium. The degradation rates of polymers were in accordance with their water absorption. The degradation rates of samples in acid medium were lower than those in alkali medium.
Thermo-mechanical analysis of a reconfigurable wafer-scale integrated circuit (2010)

This paper presents thermo-mechanical investigation results of a reconfigurable wafer-scale integrated circuit, the WaferIC™, dedicated to electronic systems prototyping. The proposed approach carefully selects materials combined with an active cooling mechanism to avoid critical localized thermal peaks and associated large thermal stresses. The performance of the approach was evaluated and tested using finite element methods and steady state thermo-mechanical results are provided. During the development of the WaferIC, the thermo-mechanical design aspects were proven crucial to its reliable operation. Large and possibly excessive values of stress can be induced on the WaferIC by a variety of operations and processing steps during fabrication, including attachment and encapsulation, if not properly designed.
Revealing structural modifications in thermomechanical reshaping of collagenous tissues using optical coherence elastography (2018)

Moderate heating of such collagenous tissues as cornea and cartilages by infra-red laser (IR laser) irradiation is an emerging technology for nondestructive modification of the tissue shape and microstructure for a variety of applications in ophthalmology, otolaryngology and so on. Postirradiation high-resolution microscopic examination indicates the appearance of microscopic either spheroidal or crack-like narrow pores depending on the tissue type and irradiation regime. Such examinations usually require special tissue preparation (eg, staining, drying that affect microstructure themselves) and are mostly suitable for studying individual pores, whereas evaluation of their averaged parameters, especially in situ, is challenging. Here, we demonstrate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to visualize areas of pore initiation and evaluate their averaged properties by combining visualization of residual irradiation-induced tissue dilatation and evaluation of the accompanying Young-modulus reduction by OCT-based compressional elastography. We show that the averaged OCT-based data obtained in situ fairly well agree with the microscopic examination results. The results obtained develop the basis for effective and safe applications of novel nondestructive laser technologies of tissue modification in clinical practice. PICTURE: Elastographic OCT-based images of an excised rabbit eye cornea subjected to thermomechanical laser-assisted reshaping. Central panel shows resultant cumulative dilatation in cornea after moderate (~45-50°C) pulse-periodic heating by an IR laser together with distribution of the inverse Young modulus 1/E before (left) and after (right) IR irradiation. Significant modulus decrease in the center of irradiated region is caused by initiated micropores. Their parameters can be extracted by analyzing the elastographic images.
[Changes in the intracellular free calcium of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes]. (1991)

Changes in the intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were investigated in order to determine whether the adenylate cyclase cAMP (AC) system and phospholipase C activating system are involved in increasing [Ca2+]i. NHEK were obtained from neonatal foreskin and grown in serum-free medium (K-GM) supplemented with 2% bovine pituitary extract. [Ca2+]i was measured by fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy using Fura-2 as the indicator. In the case of the AC system, transient increases in [Ca2+]i were observed in response to stimulation with epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol and salbutamol. Methoxamine, clonidine and dobutamine did not induce any [Ca2+]i increase. The [Ca2+]i increase evoked by epinephrine was inhibited by pretreatment with propranolol, but not by prazosin or yohimbine, indicating that epinephrine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation via beta 2-adrenergic stimulation. Similar changes were observed when NHEK were stimulated with histamine, adenosine, GTP gamma S, forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP respectively. The absence of extracellular Ca2+ had no effect on the epinephrine-induced [Ca2+]i increase. It appears that activated protein kinase A, based on cAMP accumulation via stimulatory GTP binding protein, elicited the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. On the other hand, when drugs known to activate phospholipase C in a wide variety of cell types were tested, a transient increase in [Ca2+]i was demonstrated in response to the addition of thrombin, bradykinin and substance P. This reaction was not affected by the presence of EGTA, suggesting that these drugs raise [Ca2+]i via phosphatidylinositol breakdown. Vasopressin, angiotensin II, serotonin and acetylcholine did not induce any increase in [Ca2+]i. On the basis of these studies, it was concluded that NHEK possess the mechanism which increase [Ca2+]i via AC system and phospholipase C activating system. It seems probable that this rise in [Ca2+]i initiates a calcium-dependent cellular response, such as activation of calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase, and subsequently regulates the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes.
Visible photoemission from InN (2008)

At 5.8eV, InN has one of the highest electron affinities of any semiconductor. Upon applying cesium and oxygen to a previously hydrogen cleaned InN surface, visible photoemission was observed. The InN spectral response confirms the standard model of photoemission yield with an inclusion of a tunneling factor for the electron escape probability. The existence of photoemission beyond 950nm supports the case for a lower bandgap in this material.
Calcium Infusion Test in Renal Failure (1970)

The effect of calcium infusion on serum levels of calcium and phosphorus and on the fractional excretion of phosphorus (Cp/Ccr) was studied in eight normal subjects and in 35 patients with varying degrees of renal failure. The increment in serum calcium in patients with advanced renal failure and radiographic evidence of osteitis fibrosa was significantly less than that observed in patients with a comparable renal function but without evidence for such bone disease. The increase in serum phosphorus usually observed after calcium infusion in normal subjects was also seen in patients with chronic renal disease but was less marked as renal failure worsened. In patients with advanced renal failure and osteitis fibrosa serum phosphorus fell after calcium infusion. The fall in Cp/Ccr following calcium infusion in patients with mild renal failure was similar to that observed in normal subjects (50 to 90%), but was diminished in patients with advanced renal failure; in the latter group the maximal decrements in Cp/Ccr were less than 25% in most patients irrespective of the presence or absence of osteitis fibrosa and overt secondary hyperparathyroidism. The results indicate that in patients with advanced renal failure: (1) the usefulness of changes in Cp/Ccr following calcium infusion as a diagnostic or prognostic guide is questionable ; and (2) the difference in the changes in serum calcium and phosphorus after calcium infusion may prove to be helpful in differentiating between uremic patients with and without marked osteitis fibrosa.
Estabelecimento in vitro de estrelícia (Strelitzia reginae Banks.) (2004)

A estrelícia (Strelitzia reginae Banks.) é uma planta ornamental tropical de grande valor comercial. O seu desenvolvimento, no entanto, é bastante lento e, conseqüentemente, a produção de novas mudas também. Assim, a cultura de tecidos é uma alternativa para a formação de novas mudas. Objetivou-se, assim, avaliar o comportamento in vitro, de estrelícia e a viabilidade de propagação dessa espécie por meio desse processo. Para o estabelecimento in vitro utilizaram-se como explantes gemas axilares, segmentos foliares e embriões imaturos, não se obtendo sucesso nos dois primeiros. No cultivo dos embriões, avaliaram-se o período para coleta das sementes e o desenvolvimento dos embriões em diferentes concentrações de sacarose e do meio de cultura e ainda o uso de diferentes concentrações de BAP. Determinou-se como melhor período para coleta das sementes e extração dos embriões 20 semanas após a polinização. As diferentes concentrações do meio MS não alteraram o desenvolvimento dos embriões, sendo esse favorecido pela adição de 20,64 g/L de sacarose ao meio de cultura. A adição de BAP proporcionou a formação de plantas de menor tamanho.
Endothelin-1 and CYP450 arachidonate metabolites interact to promote tissue injury in DOCA-salt hypertension (1999)

Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) enzymes with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) prevented hypertension, organ hypertrophy, and renal injury induced by DOCA and salt (1% NaCl) in uninephrectomized (UNx) rats. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) rose to 193 +/- 6 mmHg by day 21 from control levels of 150 +/- 7 mmHg in response to DOCA-salt treatment, a rise that was prevented by CoCl2 (24 mg. kg-1. 24 h-1). The effects of DOCA-salt treatment, which increased protein excretion to 88.3 +/- 6.9 mg/24 h on day 21 from 9.0 +/- 1.1 mg/24 h on day 3, were prevented by CoCl2. CoCl2 also attenuated the renal and left ventricular hypertrophy and the increase in media-to-lumen ratio in hypertensive rats. DOCA-salt treatment increased excretion of endothelin (ET)-1 from 81 +/- 17 to 277 +/- 104 pg. 100 g body wt-1. 24 h-1 associated with a fourfold increase in 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) excretion from 3.0 +/- 1.1 to 12.2 +/- 1.9 ng. 100 g body wt-1. 24 h-1 (days 3 vs. 21). CoCl2 blunted these increases by 58 and 72%, respectively. In aortic rings pulsed with [3H]thymidine, ET-1 increased its incorporation. Dibromododec-11-enoic acid, an inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, attenuated ET-1-induced increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation. We distinguished effects of CoCl2 acting via CO generation vs. suppression of CYP450-arachidonic acid metabolism by treating UNx-salt-DOCA rats with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), which suppresses CYP450 enzyme activity, and compared these results to those produced by CoCl2. ABT reduced hypertension, as did CoCl2. Unlike CoCl2, ABT did not prevent organ hypertrophy and proteinuria, suggesting that these effects were partially related to CO formation. Blockade of the ETA receptor with BMS-182874 reduced SBP, organ hypertrophy, and proteinuria, indicating the importance of ET-initiated abnormalities to the progression of lesions in UNx-salt-DOCA.