gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sexual and Reproductive Life of Women Informed of Their HIV Seropositivity: A Prospective Cohort Study in Burkina Faso (2001)

Background: In the context of the DITRAME-ANRS 049 research program that evaluated interventions aimed at reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) services were established for pregnant women. HIV-infected women were advised to disclose their HIV serostatus to their male partners who were also offered VCT, to use condoms to reduce sexual transmission, and to choose an effective contraception method to avoid unwanted pregnancies. This study aimed at assessing how HIV test results were shared with male sexual partners, the level of use of modern contraceptive methods, and the pregnancy incidence among these women informed of the risks surrounding sexual and reproductive health during HIV infection. Methods: From 1995 to 1999, a quarterly prospective follow-up of a cohort of HIV-positive women. Results: Overall, 306 HIV-positive women were monitored over an average period of 13.5 months following childbirth, accounting for a total of 389 person-years. The mean age at enrollment in the cohort was 25.1 (standard deviation, 5.2 years). In all, 18% of women informed their partners, 8% used condoms at each instance of sexual intercourse to avoid HIV transmission, and 39% started using hormonal contraception. A total of 48 pregnancies occurred after HIV infection was diagnosed, an incidence of 12.3 pregnancies per 100 person-years. Pregnancy incidence was 4 per 100 personyears in the first year of monitoring and this rose significantly to 18 per 100 person-years in the third year. The only predictor of the occurrence of a pregnancy after HIV diagnosis was the poor outcome of the previous pregnancy (stillbirth, infant death). Severe immunodeficiency and change in marital status were the only factors that prevented the occurrence of a pregnancy after HIV diagnosis. Conclusion: Our study shows a poor rate of HIV test sharing and a poor use of contraceptive methods despite regular advice and counseling. Pregnancy incidence remained comparable with the pregnancy rate in the general population. To improve this situation, approaches for involving husbands or partners in VCT and prevention of MTCT interventions should be developed, evaluated, and implemented.
Measuring the Internet during Covid-19 to Evaluate Work-from-Home (2021)

Covid-19 has radically changed our lives, with many governments and businesses mandating work-from-home (WFH) and remote education. However, work-from-home policy is not always known globally, and even when enacted, compliance can vary. These uncertainties suggest a need to measure WFH and confirm actual policy implementation. We show new algorithms that detect WFH from changes in network use during the day. We show that change-sensitive networks reflect mobile computer use, detecting WFH from changes in network intensity, the diurnal and weekly patterns of IP address response. Our algorithm provides new analysis of existing, continuous, global scans of most of the responsive IPv4 Internet (about 5.1M /24 blocks). Reuse of existing data allows us to study the emergence of Covid-19, revealing global reactions. We demonstrate the algorithm in networks with known ground truth, evaluate the data reconstruction and algorithm design choices with studies of real-world data, and validate our approach by testing random samples against news reports. In addition to Covid-related WFH, we also find other government-mandated lockdowns. Our results show the first use of network intensity to infer-real world behavior and policies.
Evaluation of multiple myeloma clinical decision support tool value for assessing treatment selection variation when populated with community health system data. (2021)

e18781 Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) technology has the potential to improve health outcomes by offering physicians an informational resource to support review and application of best practices. The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) and Intermountain Healthcare (IMH) conducted a study to assess the suitability of a single health system’s data for a myeloma-specific CDS tool that visualizes treatment pathways, and to assess the effort needed to support a CDS program. This research is part of a longer-term effort to explore how CDS technology can help: Increase awareness of and apply treatment guidelines by visualizing pathways for specific MM patient cohorts, Improve understanding of treatment variation for quality improvement within healthcare systems, Improve outcomes research by visualizing relationships between treatments and outcomes. This abstract focuses on the second use case, showing suitability of community health system data to assess treatment variability within the health system. Methods: IA12 data from the CoMMpass study was used to create a CDS tool prototype. These data were aggregated into state and transition maps to identify nodes and pathways with corresponding outcomes, including response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We also tested if EMR data from a community health system (i.e., IMH) could support such visualization. Inclusion criteria included patients with active MM between January 2016–June 2018; adult aged 18 years to 89 years at diagnosis of active or smoldering MM. An IMH-specific data dictionary was assessed for variable importance, quantity, and ease of acquisition. Results: Ninety-six of an initial 146 patients meeting eligibility criteria had sufficient data usable for the study, reflecting 44 unique drug combinations across 9 lines of therapy. The tool was able to associate and visualize all patients and their clinical states and transitions to their outcomes. Clinical data was typically complete (99% of the time), including key clinician-derived data, such as ECOG scores (78%) and treatment response (99%). Conclusions: The IMH portion of the study supports the hypothesis that a community health system can provide sufficiently high-quality information to power a CDS tool with priority features including display of treatment selection variability. Only 65% (96/146) of the initial study group had usable data because some patients had received partial care outside of the IMH integrated delivery network (IDN) leaving associated data inaccessible. Initial biostatistical analysis suggests that roughly 750-1000 complete patient records would be required for statistically significant outcomes research with granularly stratified cohorts. The MMRF plans to recruit additional large IDNs to obtain the patients to power more generalizable functionality.
Balanced Opioid Prescribing via a Clinical Trade-Off: Pain Relief vs. Adverse Effects of Discomfort, Dependence, and Tolerance/Hypersensitivity (2022)

In the backdrop of the opioid epidemic, opioid prescribing has distinct medical and social challenges. Overprescribing contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic, whereas underprescribing yields inadequate pain relief. Moreover, opioids have serious adverse effects including tolerance and increased sensitivity to pain, paradoxically inducing more pain. Prescribing trade-offs are recognized but not modeled in the literature. We study the prescribing decisions for chronic, acute, and persistent pain types to minimize the cumulative pain that incorporates opioid adverse effects (discomfort and dependence) and the risk of tolerance or hypersensitivity (THS) developed with opioid use. After finding closed-form solutions for each pain type, we analytically investigate the sensitivity of acute pain prescriptions and examine policies on incorporation of THS, patient handover, and adaptive treatments. Our analyses show that the role of adverse effects in prescribing decisions is as critical as that of the pain level. Interestingly, we find that the optimal prescription duration is not necessarily increasing with the recovery time. We show that not incorporating THS or information curtailment at patient handovers leads to overprescribing that can be mitigated by adaptive treatments. Last, using real-life pain and opioid use data from two sources, we estimate THS parameters and discuss the proximity of our model to clinical practice. This paper has a pain management framework that leads to tractable models. These models can potentially support balanced opioid prescribing after their validation in a clinical setting. Then, they can be helpful to policy makers in assessment of prescription policies and of the controversy around over- and underprescribing. History: This paper has been accepted for the Decision Analysis Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Health Decision Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grants K08 EB022631, R24 DA055306, R33 DA046085, and U24 NS115708]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2021.0447 .
Synergistic self-seeding in one-dimension: a route to patchy and block comicelles with uniform and controllable length (2019)

Self-seeding is a process unique to polymer crystals, which consist of regions of different chain packing order and different crystallinity. Here we report the synergistic self-seeding behaviour of pairs of core-crystalline block copolymer (BCP) micelle fragments and show how this strategy can be employed to control the morphology of these BCP comicelles. Each micelle fragment has a critical dissolution temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>c</sub>), and unimers of each BCP have a characteristic epitaxial growth rate. The <i>T</i> <sub>c</sub> value affects the dissolution sequence of the fragments upon heating, while the unimer growth rate affects the growth sequence upon cooling. By carefully choosing micelle fragments having different <i>T</i> <sub>c</sub> values as well as growth rates, we could prepare patchy comicelles and block comicelles with uniform and controllable length. This synergistic self-seeding strategy is a simple yet effective route to control both length and morphology of core-crystalline comicelles.
Why They Stay: Variables Associated With Commitment Among Student Affairs Professionals (2020)

Attrition of new student affairs professionals can be financially burdensome to an institution and simultaneously handicaps the continuity of service and engagement of student affairs. Factors related to the departure of student affairs staff have been studied;&#13;\nhowever, understanding how professionals who stay build commitment has remained unknown. This lack of understanding limits leaders’ abilities to proactively address a high rate of attrition among new student affairs professionals. The purpose of this study&#13;\nwas to understand how satisfaction and dissatisfaction affect the development of commitment among student affairs professionals. This study was conducted using a qualitative methodology with a case study design. Using a purposeful sample, seven midlevel student affairs professionals shared their experiences of satisfaction and commitment relevant to their organization and the student affairs profession. Participants completed the Abridged Job Descriptive Index instrument, participated in a semistructured interview, and provided artifacts relative to their experiences. All collected data were coded, identifying common points of interest and patterns. Four primary themes emerged as having a direct connection to satisfaction and commitment: (a) The Work Itself, (b) An Employee’s Relationships, (c) The Perceived Level of Investment an Employee Feels, and (d) Benefits. Deep levels of affective and normative commitments were expressed by participants who worked with organization leaders who had recognized factors associated with satisfaction and the influence on commitment, demonstrated command of participants’ work, involved participants in policies and processes, and demonstrated investment in employees’ overall experiences. Financial and employment benefits, while valued, were not found to be a dominating factor for why a professional remains with an organization. Findings of this study can help student affairs leaders prioritize and emphasize the variables consistent with satisfaction and the building of employee commitment. Future research should look at the development of commitment of student affairs professionals who have been in the field longer than 8 years to determine if variables reflective of satisfaction and commitment remain constant or change over time.
Influence of Ti on the formation and stability of gas-phase Mg nanoparticles (2010)

The effect of titanium on magnesium nanoparticle formation is investigated in relation to the importance of Mg in hydrogen storage. Addition of Ti reduces the Mg-nanoparticle sizes in the range of 5–20 nm and leads to less protective Mg-oxide shells. This in return accelerates the evaporation of Mg that leads to hollow Mg cores. The presence of oxygen plays a dual role in forming MgO protected stable Mg nanoparticles above a critical size (∼15 nm) and hollow ones below this size both due to evaporation and oxidation associated Kirkendall effects.
Electroless Deposition of Palladium and Platinum (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Electroless Plating of Palladium Electroless Plating of Platinum Summary References
A practical deployment of Intelligent Building Wireless Sensor Network for environmental monitoring and air-conditioning control (2010)

Wireless sensor network is the core support technology in the framework of the Internet of Things. Environmental monitoring and devices control of intelligent building based on wireless sensor network is considered as one of the most crucial applications. It can perceive several environmental parameters and feedback control information to devices to provide more comfortable environment for people. However, it is difficult to ensure performance of wireless sensor network deployed in the buildings, because there usually are several serious disturbances from coexistence wireless systems and human actions. In this paper, we deploy a practical Intelligent Building Wireless Sensor Network (IBWSN) based on the analysis of actual spectrum, Link Quality Indicator, Received Signal Strength Indicator and Package Loss Rate. Performance evaluation proves that the presented system can satisfy the needs of the proposed applications for environmental monitoring and air-conditioning control.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLUTION STRUCTURES OF LARGE GROUP 5A AND 6A POLYOXOANIONS BY (17)O NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (1975)

Abstract Eine Untersuchung der (17)O‐NMR‐Spektren von Mo 6 O 19 ( 2 ‐), Nb 6 O 19 ( 8 ‐), Ta 6 O 19 ( 8 ‐), deren Struktur bekannt ist, zeigt, daß sie zur Bestimmung der Stereochemie der Polyoxoanionen in Lösung verwendet werden können.
Modification of the deoxy-myoglobin/carbonmonoxy-myoglobin UV-vis assay for reliable determination of CO-release rates from organometallic carbonyl complexes (2011)

The deoxy-myoglobin (deoxy-Mb)/carbonmonoxy-myoglobin (Mb-CO) UV-vis assay is the principal method used for quantifying the rates of CO release from CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) that might possess therapeutic benefits. Some issues emerge when the Mb-CO assay is utilized for testing CO-RMs with novel structures, which are comprehensively discussed here for the first time. Two methods for processing raw UV-vis spectroscopic data generated from the assay are presented in this paper.
THE LITERARY SOURCES OF JOHN LOCKE'S EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS (1965)

(1965). THE LITERARY SOURCES OF JOHN LOCKE'S EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS. Paedagogica Historica: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 65-108.
Transcriptome profiling reveals the effects of drought tolerance in Giant Juncao (2021)

Our research is the first to provide a more comprehensive understanding of DEGs involved in drought stress at the transcriptome level in Giant Juncao with different drought and recovery conditions. These results may reveal insights into the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in Giant Juncao and provide diverse genetic resources involved in drought tolerance research.
High assembly strains and femoral fractures produced during insertion of uncemented femoral components. A cadaver study. (1993)

The assembly strains produced in cadaver femurs during uncemented femoral arthroplasty were measured using strain gages and photoelastic coatings. Resecting the femoral neck, reaming the canal with power drills, and rasping with an optimal size rasp, as determined by preoperative radiographic templating, produced small assembly strains, up to 300 microstrain. Insertion of an optimal-size prosthesis after preparing the femoral canal with instruments the same size as the prosthesis produced moderate assembly strains, up to 1,000 microstrain. Half a millimeter press-fit of optimal prostheses produced larger assembly strains, up to 2,000 microstrain. Half a millimeter press-fit of a prosthesis that was also one size (1.0 mm) larger than that determined to be optimum produced even larger assembly strains (2,000-6,000 microstrain) and longitudinal linear fractures in the femoral cortex. Insertion of prostheses that were smaller than the rasps produced minimal strains in the femoral cortex. The magnitude of peak strains produced by press-fitting the femoral components and the small amounts of disparity between the size of the recess and the prosthesis necessary to produce these strains show the narrow range of tolerances available to the surgeon. Cementless femoral arthroplasty requires great care in preparing the femoral canal to the appropriate size as determined from preoperative templating, using accurate and precisely toleranced instrumentation and prosthetic components in order to avoid femoral fractures, yet obtain a stable fit.
Sinusoidal Electrical Stimulation of the Human Vestibular Apparatus (1963)

Sinusoidal electrical stimulation with eight frequencies ranging from 0.030 to 4.0 cps was applied between the mastoid processes of five male undergraduate Ss. Only ascending series in the method of limits were used, and the amplitude was increased continuously rather than discretely. Subjective reports of the presence of a sensation, and also of its quality were recorded and used to determine RLs at all the frequencies. An objective technique, using the recorded sideways movements of Ss, was developed and also used to determine RLs. These curves of RL versus frequency are termed electrical vestibulograms. The reported qualities were classed into three main categories, (a) swaying sideways, (b) swaying forward and backward, and (c) sideways oscillation of head and body. Subjective and objective electrical vestibulograms were similar in shape, being U-shaped between 0.50 and 4.0 cps, and approximately linear between 0.030 and 0.50 cps, but with the subjective having a slope of about one, and the objective, of zero. The latter vestibulogram was lower than the former. Sway frequencies were also estimated, using a new technique, and were found to be proportional to the stimulus, but the proportionality varied with the frequency. Fluctuation in amplitude of swaying to a constant amplitude stimulus was observed separately in two Ss at each of two frequencies. The results were interpreted as supporting a central, rather than peripheral, adaptation hypothesis.
ChemInform Abstract: CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION. 7. USEFUL CHIRAL PACKING MATERIALS FOR HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION OF ENANTIOMERS: PHENYLCARBAMATES OF POLYSACCHARIDES COATED ON SILICA GEL (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Cellulose mit einem großen Überschuß an Phenylisocyanat bei 100°C in Pyridin entsteht nach Verankerung auf großporigem Silicagel ein Säulenmaterial, mit dem sich z.B. der Alkohol (I), Trögersche Base (II) und der Komplex (III) mit Trennfaktoren von 1.47, 1.39 bzw. 1.31 in ihre Enantiomeren zerlegen lassen.
Radiation effects in polypropylene and ethylene–propylene copolymers (1967)

Abstract The effect of radiation on various propylene and ethylene–propylene copolymers has been followed by observing the gel fraction as a function of radiation dose. The G (crosslink) and β/α values were calculated from the solubility data and are discussed in terms of the polymer composition. Allyl methacrylate was found to greatly increase the efficiency of radiation crosslinking of both polypropylene and an ethylene–propylene copolymer.
chy1, an Arabidopsis Mutant with Impaired β-Oxidation, Is Defective in a Peroxisomal β-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase (2001)

The Arabidopsis chy1 mutant is resistant to indole-3-butyric acid, a naturally occurring form of the plant hormone auxin. Because the mutant also has defects in peroxisomal beta-oxidation, this resistance presumably results from a reduced conversion of indole-3-butyric acid to indole-3-acetic acid. We have cloned CHY1, which appears to encode a peroxisomal protein 43% identical to a mammalian valine catabolic enzyme that hydrolyzes beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA. We demonstrated that a human beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase functionally complements chy1 when redirected from the mitochondria to the peroxisomes. We expressed CHY1 as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein and demonstrated that purified GST-CHY1 hydrolyzes beta-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA. Mutagenesis studies showed that a glutamate that is catalytically essential in homologous enoyl-CoA hydratases was also essential in CHY1. Mutating a residue that is differentially conserved between hydrolases and hydratases established that this position is relevant to the catalytic distinction between the enzyme classes. It is likely that CHY1 acts in peroxisomal valine catabolism and that accumulation of a toxic intermediate, methacrylyl-CoA, causes the altered beta-oxidation phenotypes of the chy1 mutant. Our results support the hypothesis that the energy-intensive sequence unique to valine catabolism, where an intermediate CoA ester is hydrolyzed and a new CoA ester is formed two steps later, avoids methacrylyl-CoA accumulation.
The Total Synthesis of Coleophomones B and C (2002)

Grenzen der Olefinmetathese neu definiert: Da sich die Coleophomone B 1 und C 2 allein in der Konfiguration der Δ16,17-Doppelbindung unterscheiden, war die Ringschlussmetathese die Methode der Wahl für ihren Aufbau, bei dem zunächst eine konvergente Synthesestrategie verfolgt wurde. Erst in einer späteren Phase gabelte sich der Weg zu entweder 1 oder 2.
BI-RADS Descriptors for Mammographically Detected Microcalcifications Verified by Histopathology After Needle-Localized Open Breast Biopsy (2010)

Each descriptor and combined descriptors for microcalcifications and the final assessment category could help to predict the risk of malignancy.