gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proactive Hand-Off Target Orientation Cache in Fast Handover for Mobile IPv6 (2005)

In order to efficiently utilize wireless environment network resources, Fast Handover for Mobile IPv6 (F-MIPv6) technology is currently being considered. It is necessary for Access Routers to exchange information with their neighbors. However, this method is outside the scope of the F-MIPv6 Internet draft. In this article, we propose an approach to assist F-MIPv6 in obtaining IP addresses for subnet Candidates from Layer 2 information. The proposed Proactive Hand-Off Target Orientation (PHOTO) provides a realistic geographical relation without using wireless location technology. We demonstrate that PHOTO helps F-MIPv6 to overcome its' inability to obtain IP addresses immediately through the Access Point MAC address.
Modeling of multi-band circular dichroism using metal/dielectric/metal achiral metamaterials (2014)

We show that an elliptical nanohole array (ENA) penetrating through a metal/dielectric/metal (MDM) film produces multi-band circular dichroism (CD) in the near infrared (N-IR) region when the incident light is off-normal incidence. This extrinsic CD is a result of the elliptical symmetry of the nanohole, which gives rise to different polarization modes along its short and long axes. These two polarization modes introduce a net polar vector that forms a chiral triad with the off-normal incidence and the vector normal to the plane of the ENA. The proposed structure possesses four resonance peaks arising from the excitation of both internal- and external- surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes with different diffraction orders to those wavelengths at which they couple to the incoming light. The formation of these resonance peaks is responsible for the multi-band CD.
Anthracycline Metabolism and Toxicity in Human Myocardium: Comparisons between Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, and a Novel Disaccharide Analogue with a Reduced Level of Formation and [4Fe-4S] Reactivity of Its Secondary Alcohol Metabolite (2000)

Secondary alcohol metabolites have been proposed to mediate chronic cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and other anticancer anthracyclines. In this study, NADPH-supplemented human cardiac cytosol was found to reduce the carbonyl group in the side chain of the tetracyclic ring of DOX, producing the secondary alcohol metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol). A decrease in the level of alcohol metabolite formation was observed by replacing DOX with epirubicin (EPI), a less cardiotoxic analogue characterized by an axial-to-equatorial epimerization of the hydroxyl group at C-4 in the amino sugar bound to the tetracyclic ring (daunosamine). A similar decrease was observed by replacing DOX with MEN 10755, a novel anthracycline with preclinical evidence of reduced cardiotoxicity. MEN 10755 is characterized by the lack of a methoxy group at C-4 in the tetracyclic ring and by intercalation of 2, 6-dideoxy-L-fucose between daunosamine and the aglycone. Multiple comparisons with methoxy- or 4-demethoxyaglycones, and a number of mono- or disaccharide 4-demethoxyanthracyclines, showed that both the lack of the methoxy group and the presence of a disaccharide moiety limited alcohol metabolite formation by MEN 10755. Studies with enzymatically generated or purified anthracycline secondary alcohols also showed that the presence of a disaccharide moiety, but not the lack of a methoxy group, made the metabolite of MEN 10755 less reactive with the [4Fe-4S] cluster of cytoplasmic aconitase, as evidenced by its limited reoxidation to the parent carbonyl anthracycline and by a reduced level of delocalization of Fe(II) from the cluster. Collectively, these studies (i) characterize the different influence of methoxy and sugar substituents on the formation and [4Fe-4S] reactivity of anthracycline secondary alcohols, (ii) lend support to the role of alcohol metabolites in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as they demonstrate that the less cardiotoxic EPI and MEN 10755 share a reduction in the level of formation of such metabolites, and (iii) suggest that the cardiotoxicity of MEN 10755 might be further decreased by the reduced [4Fe-4S] reactivity of its alcohol metabolite.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Activation of Homologous Protein Kinases during Oocyte Maturation and Mitogenic Activation of Fibroblasts (1991)

Meiotic maturation of Xenopus and sea star oocytes involves the activation of a number of protein-serine/threonine kinase activities, including a myelin basic protein (MBP) kinase. A 44-kDa MBP kinase (p44mpk) purified from mature sea star oocytes is shown here to be phosphorylated at tyrosine. Antiserum to purified sea star p44mpk was used to identify antigenically related proteins in Xenopus oocytes. Two tyrosine-phosphorylated 42-kDa proteins (p42) were detected with this antiserum in Xenopus eggs. Xenopus p42 chromatographs with MBP kinase activity on a Mono Q ion-exchange column. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Xenopus p42 approximately parallels MBP kinase activity during meiotic maturation. These results suggest that related MBP kinases are activated during meiotic maturation of Xenopus and sea star oocytes. Previous studies have suggested that Xenopus p42 is related to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases of culture mammalian cells. We have cloned a MAP kinase relative from a Xenopus ovary cDNA library and demonstrate that this clone encodes the Xenopus p42 that is tyrosine phosphorylated during oocyte maturation. Comparison of the sequences of Xenopus p42 and a rat MAP kinase (ERK1) and peptide sequences from sea star p44mpk indicates that these proteins are close relatives. The family members appear to be tyrosine phosphorylated, and activated, in different contexts, with the murine MAP kinase active during the transition from quiescence to the G1 stage of the mitotic cell cycle and the sea star and Xenopus kinases being active during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle.
Lithium Extraction from Spodumene by the Traditional Sulfuric Acid Process: A Review (2020)

The sulfuric acid process is the dominant technology for lithium extraction from spodumene. However, this process generates huge quantities of waste residue and needs high-temperature pretreatment. The process can be optimized if other high-value elements are found in spodumene deposits, residual lithium can be recycled during mining and processing, and energy savings can be achieved. This paper evaluates the sulfuric acid process for lithium extraction from spodumene from an operational, economic, and environmental perspective. The integration of evaporators and crystallizers during lithium extraction and processing is also reviewed. Finally, further research opportunities for making the process more cost-effective are identified.
Epidemiology of Early and Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Very Low Birthweight Infants (2020)

These data from a large German neonatal cohort confirm neonatal sepsis as the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in VLBW infants, as well as E. coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci as the most prevalent pathogens. Multidisciplinary approaches such as antibiotic stewardship, hygiene and feeding strategies are necessary to further reduce the burden of sepsis in VLBW infants.
Reduced cytoplasmic calcium concentration may be both necessary and sufficient for photoreceptor light adaptation (1995)

Abstract Light adaptation is modulated almost exclusively by changes in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, and other Ca 2+ -independent mechanisms are likely to play only a minor role. Changes in Ca 2+ i may be not only necessary for light adaptation to take place but sufficient to cause it.
Improved Ephemeris Monitoring for GNSS (2016)

GNSS performance monitoring is an important component of aviation safety. RAIM, SBAS, GBAS, and ARAIM all meet their safety and availability analyses by assuming certain levels of performance from the GPS L1 C/A signals. In the future, most of these systems will utilize new signals and new constellations. It will be vitally important to verify the level of performance of these additional resources. Currently, GPS flags its integrity status in a variety of methods including broadcast flags in the navigation data as well as by broadcasting alternative codes and/or alternative data bit sequences. Unfortunately, these latter two methods are not necessarily reflected in archived navigation data sets. When a receiver observes NAV data bits that do not pass parity it typically discards the data and the NAV bits are not saved for further evaluation. Aviation receivers are required to set a GPS satellite unhealthy if parity fails on five successive words (3 seconds). However, nonaviation receivers may elect to continue tracking in this situation, which may lead to the appearance that all is well with the satellite. We propose a new navigation data archive format that saves all of the navigation data bit data regardless of parity checks. This format allows the subsequent detection of non-standard data (NSD) broadcasts. It would also reveal the use of non-standard codes (NSC) that also can be difficult to detect. When an NSC is broadcast, most receivers stop tracking the satellite. This fact is not recorded in navigation data files, but may be seen in the observation files. Further, sometimes receivers cross-correlate the missing satellite’s PRN code with another satellite’s, and report that observation data as though it came from the satellite broadcasting NSC. This discrepancy can be detected by comparing the expected pseudorange to the observed data. However, this process is cumbersome. By recording the raw navigation data bits, an NSC broadcast becomes more obvious. Either there is a lack of data, which is readily apparent, or the recorded bits correspond to the other satellite being mistaken for the absent PRN. In the latter case, identical bits can be seen for two PRNs. A voting method across multiple receivers can be used to determine which is the true data set. Alternatively, some of the new signals will contain the PRN in the navigation data. This inclusion will make the mistaken record obvious.
REACTIVITY OF ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES WITH HISTONES AND OTHER ANTIGENS IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1989)

Antinuclear antibodies are found in serum samples from most children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), but the antigenic specificities of these antibodies are not known. Using an immunoblot technique, we found that JRA patients' sera react with a variety of proteins in the nuclei of HEp-2 cells. Antibody to histone H1 was found in 42% of the JRA serum samples. An IgG antibody to a 45-kd protein was found in serum samples from some patients without uveitis, but it was not found in any sample from patients with uveitis. The immunoblot reactivity patterns do not appear to be useful in distinguishing between disease onset types or disease course types in patients with JRA.
Abstract 125: Capital Do-Re-Mi: A Randomized Trial of Dobutamine Compared to Milrinone in Cardiogenic Shock (2020)

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although inotropic support is a mainstay of medical therapy for CS, little evidence exists to guide the selection of inotropic agents in clinical practice. Methods: In this double blind randomized controlled trial, we assigned patients with SCAI class B to E shock to either milrinone or dobutamine for inotropic support. Therapy was titrated based on clinical, biochemical and hemodynamic response as evaluated by the treating physician. The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of in hospital mortality, non-fatal MI, stroke, new initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT), need for MCS or cardiac transplant, or cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome. Results: Among 192 participants, there was no significant difference in the primary outcome, occurring in 49% (47 of 96) of patients in the milrinone arm and 54% (52 of 96) patients in the dobutamine group (RR 0.90, 95% CI of 0.69-1.19, p-value = 0.47). There were also no differences in important secondary outcomes between milrinone and dobutamine, including in-hospital mortality 37% (35 of 96) vs 43% (41 of 96) (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.60-1.21, p-value = 0.38) or need for RRT 22% (21 of 96) vs 17% (16 of 96) (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.73-2.36, p-value = 0.36). Conclusions: In this randomized clinical trial of milrinone and dobutamine in CS, there was no difference in the primary composite outcome or in important secondary outcomes. The selection of inotropic agent could reasonably be based on physician comfort, cost and individual response to therapy.
Discrete-continuous spatio-temporal light localization in nonlinear fiber arrays (2007)

In this paper, we present major improvements in nonlinear field, since we have been able to fabricate homogeneous fiber bundles, which allow us to study the clean spatial nonlinear dynamics of light. Furthermore, it becomes possible to observe the combined effects of temporal and spatial dynamics.
Insulinothérapie par pompes portables et implantables (2001)

Les pompes a insuline ont ete developpees pour mimer l'insulinosecretion, mal reproduite par les injections discontinues. Les pompes portables utilisant la voie sous-cutanee peuvent etablir un controle glycemique proche de la normale au long cours chez les diabetiques de type 1, reduisant l'incidence des complications microangiopathiques et neuropathiques, ainsi que leur aggravation. Cependant, leur effet preventif sur les hypoglycemies severes est controverse et le risque d'acido-cetose est accru. L'insuline lispro ameliore leur efficacite, les positionnant comme la methode d'insulinotherapie sous-cutanee la plus performante. Indiquees en cas d'echec des multi-injections, les pompes portables sont contre-indiquees en cas de retinopathie ischemique non controlee, et chez les sujets a risque d'erreur dans la conduite du traitement pour des raisons psychologiques, comportementales ou d'absence de motivation. Les pompes implantables utilisent la voie intra-peritoneale, plus physiologique. Elles permettent un controle glycemique plus stable, avec une incidence faible d'hypoglycemies severes. Les incidents au site d'implantation et les obstructions du catheter peritoneal demeurent les limites de ces systemes. Leur couplage possible avec un detecteur de glucose implante les positionne dans la perspective du pancreas artificiel implantable.
Bioaccumulation patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in Northwest Atlantic pilot whales (2000)

Abstract Contaminant exposure is widespread among marine mammals but is of unknown significance. This study characterized organochlorine bioaccumulation in pilot whales, and these bioaccumulation patterns are proposed as representative of Northwest (NW) Atlantic cetacea. Samples were collected from whales stranded in Massachusetts and caught in nets. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and chlorinated pesticide concentrations were determined via GC/ECD and found to be similar to those reported for other NW Atlantic odontocetes. The organochlorine in highest concentration was 4,4′-DDE, followed by trans-nonachlor, 4,4′-DDD, dieldrin, cis-chlordane, Cl4(52), Cl5(95), Cl5(101), Cl5(118), Cl6(138), Cl6(149), Cl6(153), Cl7(180), and Cl7(187). The concentration of 19 pesticides was higher in blubber (21 ± 26 μg/g lipid “ppm”) than liver (5.0 ± 7.1 ppm). The concentration of 26 PCB congeners was also greater in blubber (7.6 ±7.1 ppm) than liver (0.4 ± 7.3 ppm). Principal component analysis and ANOVA indicated that blubber accumulated proportionately more of the most recalcitrant compounds, such as 4,4′-DDE and nonmetabolizable PCBs, compared to liver. Whales that stranded together had more similar bioaccumulation than animals of the same gender or maturity. The high variation among individuals in tissue concentrations and the similarity within a stranding group suggest that pilot whale pods are exposed to a large range of pollutant sources, such as through different prey and feeding locations.
Facial thermal response to non-painful stressor in premature and term neonates (2023)

This is the first study to examine the use of infrared thermography (IRT) in monitoring the facial thermal response to a mild stressor (hunger) in premature and term neonates. Hunger as a mild, non-pain-associated stressor showed a significant effect on the facial temperature. The thermal signature of the regions of interest chosen showed hunger-related thermal variations. Results suggest the feasibility and suitability of IRT as an objective diagnostic tool to approach stress and changes in the condition of the neonatal patient.
Potent In Vitro Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibition of Flavone Isolated from Pistacia integerrima Galls (2022)

To prospect an isozyme-specific, effective inhibitor against the physiologically-crucial enzyme phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), phytochemicals from <i>Pistacia integerrima</i> galls were screened. The chloroform fraction of gall extract was subjected to column chromatographic which led to the isolation of compound <b>1</b>, elucidated to be 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4<i>H</i>-chromen-4-one (a flavone). <i>In vitro</i> and in silico PDE1 inhibitory activity of the compound <b>1</b> was investigated. EDTA, a known PDE1 inhibitor, was used as the reference. The flavone exhibited <i>in vitro</i> attenuation towards snake venom PDE1. IC<sub>50</sub> response was superior to the standard chelator. An in silico molecular docking study was carried out using 3D structure of PDE1 to study the binding interactions of compound <b>1.</b> The docking study predicted that flavone had a lower binding affinity (-7.6 kcal/mol) and total energy (-95 kcal/mol) score compared to EDTA. The minimal energy associated with the ligand-protein complex implied that isolated compound 1 can serve as a therapeutic agent against PDE1 enzyme-provoked ailments like asthma, hypertension, schizophrenia, and erectile dysfunction.
Supervised Spectral Subspace Clustering for Visual Dictionary Creation in the Context of Image Classification (2015)

International audience
Transmission and Reception by Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Antennas (2006)

Broadband antennas are very useful in many applications because they operate over a wide range of frequencies. The objective of this paper is to study the transient responses of various well-known antennas over broad frequency ranges. As such, the phase responses of these antennas as a function of frequency are of great interest. In the ensuing analysis, each antenna is excited by a monocycle pulse. Many antennas show resonant properties, and numerous reflections exist in the antennas' outputs. The first part of this paper deals with ways of converting various resonating antennas to traveling-wave antennas by using resistive loading. Appropriate loading increases the bandwidth of operation of the antennas. However, the drawback is the additional loss in the load applied to the antenna structure, leading to a loss of efficiency to around fifty percent. However, some of the antennas are inherently broadband, up to a 100:1 bandwidth. Hence, the transient responses of these antennas can be used to determine their suitability for wideband applications with a low cutoff frequency. The second part of the paper illustrates the radiation and reception properties of various conventional ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas in the time domain. An antenna's transient response can be used to determine the suitability of the antenna in wideband applications.
Double-edged sword: The evolutionary consequences of the epigenetic silencing of transposable elements (2020)

Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that selfishly replicate at the expense of host fitness. Fifty years of evolutionary studies of TEs have concentrated on the deleterious genetic effects of TEs, such as their effects on disrupting genes and regulatory sequences. However, a flurry of recent work suggests that there is another important source of TEs' harmful effects-epigenetic silencing. Host genomes typically silence TEs by the deposition of repressive epigenetic marks. While this silencing reduces the selfish replication of TEs and should benefit hosts, a picture is emerging that the epigenetic silencing of TEs triggers inadvertent spreading of repressive marks to otherwise expressed neighboring genes, ultimately jeopardizing host fitness. In this Review, we provide a long-overdue overview of the recent genome-wide evidence for the presence and prevalence of TEs' epigenetic effects, highlighting both the similarities and differences across mammals, insects, and plants. We lay out the current understanding of the functional and fitness consequences of TEs' epigenetic effects, and propose possible influences of such effects on the evolution of both hosts and TEs themselves. These unique evolutionary consequences indicate that TEs' epigenetic effect is not only a crucial component of TE biology but could also be a significant contributor to genome function and evolution.
Iron Is a Sensitive Biomarker for Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions (2013)

MRI phase imaging in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and in autopsy tissue have demonstrated the presence of iron depositions in white matter lesions. The accumulation of iron in some but not all lesions suggests a specific, potentially disease-relevant process, however; its pathophysiological significance remains unknown. Here, we explore the role of lesional iron in multiple sclerosis using multiple approaches: immunohistochemical examination of autoptic MS tissue, an in vitro model of iron-uptake in human cultured macrophages and ultra-highfield phase imaging of highly active and of secondary progressive MS patients. Using Perls' stain and immunohistochemistry, iron was detected in MS tissue sections predominantly in non-phagocytosing macrophages/microglia at the edge of established, demyelinated lesions. Moreover, iron-containing macrophages but not myelin-laden macrophages expressed markers of proinflammatory (M1) polarization. Similarly, in human macrophage cultures, iron was preferentially taken up by non-phagocytosing, M1-polarized macrophages and induced M1 (super) polarization. Iron uptake was minimal in myelin-laden macrophages and active myelin phagocytosis led to depletion of intracellular iron. Finally, we demonstrated in MS patients using GRE phase imaging with ultra-highfield MRI that phase hypointense lesions were significantly more prevalent in patients with active relapsing than with secondary progressive MS. Taken together, our data provide a basis to interpret iron-sensitive GRE phase imaging in MS patients: iron is present in non-phagocytosing, M1-polarized microglia/macrophages at the rim of chronic active white matter demyelinating lesions. Phase imaging may therefore visualize specific, chronic proinflammatory activity in established MS lesions and thus provide important clinical information on disease status and treatment efficacy in MS patients.