gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Target tracking via recursive Bayesian state estimation in radar networks (2017)

Modern cognitive radar networks incorporating intelligent and cognitive support-modules can actively adjust the radar-target geometry and optimally select a subset of radars to track the target of interest. Based on the theories of dynamic graphical models (DGM) and recursive Bayesian state estimation (RBSE), we propose a framework for single target tracking in mobile and cooperative radar networks, jointly considering path planning and radar selection. We formulate the tracking procedure as two iterative steps: (i) solving a combinatorial problem based on the expected cross-entropy measure to select the optimal subset of radars and their locations, and (ii) tracking the target using RBSE technique. We simulate the proposed framework using an illustrative example in 2-D space and demonstrate the tracking performance.
Orbital Fractures Complicated by Late Enophthalmos: Higher Prevalence in Patients With Multiple Trauma (2007)

The findings of more walls affected and higher incidence of zygomatic fractures in MT patients probably represent a stronger impact of the original insult, causing both more damage to other organs and more severe damage to the orbit. The increased rate of late enophthalmos in MT patients may be associated with their primary presentation to the emergency room with potentially life-threatening injuries. Under such circumstances, thorough ophthalmologic examination is nearly impossible, both because the patient cannot cooperate sufficiently and because medical priorities dictate concentration on taking care of the injuries threatening life. The lack of a thorough ophthalmic examination prevents early comprehensive treatment.
Sirolimus oral bioavailability increases ten-fold with concomitant ketoconazole (1999)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999) 65, 159–159; doi:
Evolution of Electronic Structure in Atomically Thin Sheets of WS2 and WSe2 (2012)

Geometrical confinement effect in exfoliated sheets of layered materials leads to significant evolution of energy dispersion in mono- to few-layer thickness regime. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) was recently found to exhibit indirect-to-direct gap transition when the thickness is reduced to a single monolayer. Emerging photoluminescence (PL) from monolayer MoS(2) opens up opportunities for a range of novel optoelectronic applications of the material. Here we report differential reflectance and PL spectra of mono- to few-layer WS(2) and WSe(2) that indicate that the band structure of these materials undergoes similar indirect-to-direct gap transition when thinned to a single monolayer. The transition is evidenced by distinctly enhanced PL peak centered at 630 and 750 nm in monolayer WS(2) and WSe(2), respectively. Few-layer flakes are found to exhibit comparatively strong indirect gap emission along with direct gap hot electron emission, suggesting high quality of synthetic crystals prepared by a chemical vapor transport method. Fine absorption and emission features and their thickness dependence suggest a strong effect of Se p-orbitals on the d electron band structure as well as interlayer coupling in WSe(2).
Reconstitution of Authentic Nanovirus from Multiple Cloned DNAs (2009)

We describe a new plant single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus, a nanovirus isolate originating from the faba bean in Ethiopia. We applied rolling circle amplification (RCA) to extensively copy the individual circular DNAs of the nanovirus genome. By sequence analyses of more than 208 individually cloned genome components, we obtained a representative sample of eight polymorphic swarms of circular DNAs, each about 1 kb in size. From these heterogeneous DNA populations after RCA, we inferred consensus sequences of the eight DNA components of the virus genome. Based on the distinctive molecular and biological properties of the virus, we propose to consider it a new species of the genus Nanovirus and to name it faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV). Selecting a representative clone of each of the eight DNAs for transfer by T-DNA plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Vicia faba plants, we elicited the development of the typical FBNSV disease symptoms. Moreover, we showed that the virus thus produced was readily transmitted by two different aphid vector species, Aphis craccivora and Acyrthosiphon pisum. This represents the first reconstitution of a fully infectious and sustainably insect-transmissible nanovirus from its cloned DNAs and provides compelling evidence that the genome of a legume-infecting nanovirus is typically comprised of eight distinct DNA components.
American College of Physicians Guidelines on Cholesterol Screening (1996)

Letters15 December 1996American College of Physicians Guidelines on Cholesterol ScreeningRonald A. Fronduti, MDRonald A. Fronduti, MDDrexel Hill, PA 19026.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Opinions on a controversial subject are always appreciated, and so I read with interest the articles and guidelines on cholesterol screening in the 1 March 1996 issue [1, 2]. However, one area that seems no clearer than before is cholesterol screening and treatment in the elderly patient with established heart disease. Many older patients who have had one or more heart attacks and have high cholesterol levels are not receiving treatment, and they may not even be aware that their cholesterol levels are elevated. In my experience, this is not a rare or hypothetical situation.The guidelines ...References1. American College of Physicians. Guidelines for using serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as screening tests for preventing coronary heart disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:515-7. Google Scholar2. Garber AM, Browner WS, Hulley SB. Cholesterol screening in asymptomatic adults, revisited. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:518-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ronald A. Fronduti, MDAffiliations: Drexel Hill, PA 19026. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 12Page: 1007KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseElderlyHypercholesterolemiaLipidsMortalityMyocardial infarctionScreening guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fabrication of tough photonic crystal patterns with vivid structural colors by direct handwriting (2017)

Patterned photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their great potential in practical applications. Direct writing is an important and convenient method to fabricate patterned PCs. However, due to the limited interaction among spheres and the evaporation of ink, the obtained patterns usually suffer from poor structure strength, and non-uniform and unstable structural colors. In this work, an in situ embedding and locking strategy for fabricating tough PC patterns in one step was demonstrated. With properly dried polymer films as "paper" and dispersions of CdS spheres as "inks" to write on the "paper", the self-assembly of CdS spheres and locking of the PC structure can be achieved simultaneously, which gives rise to tough composite patterned PCs with uniform, stable and permanent structural colors. Based on this simple method, tough PC patterns can be easily and quickly created by direct hand writing or drawing without special treatment, equipment, masks or templates. The vivid structural colors of the tough PC patterns and this simple method show great potential for practical applications.
Studies on ionization phenomena associated with solid-propellant rockets. (1966)

Solid propellant composition and rocket motor design effect on plasma microwave and visible light attenuation emitted by exhaust
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Substitution of Allylic Substrates in a Two‐ Phase Aqueous‐Organic Medium. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The influence of the wavelength dependent extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol on visibility and its measurement (1980)

Reduced visibilities usually are due to particles in the atmosphere which cause the decrease in contrast of distant objects. Once the observed contrast is less than the contrast threshold of the observer's eye, the object is invisible. The distance of visibility is reached when the observed object is seen with a contrast equal to the threshold. The contrast of an object seen through an aerosol can then be calculated, when the extinction coefficient and the intrinsic brightness of the object are known. In the simplest case of a black object and a homogeneous atmosphere, the contrast is a negative exponential function of the extinction coefficient. Since the extinction coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol shows a wavelength dependence such that a higher extinction occurs in the blue than in the red part of the spectrum, the contrast of an object seen through the atmosphere is minimal in the blue and medium in the red. Therefore a distant object should be best visible in the red (medium contrast), to some extent visible in the green (low contrast), and practically invisible in the blue (very low contrast). On the other hand the eye is very sensitive in the green, where a low contrast occurs and is less sensitive in the red, where a medium contrast occurs; obviously vision takes place at an intermediate wavelength, which can be calculated using the perception function. This wavelength depends on the type of aerosol present in the atmosphere and is around 580 to 600 nm. When non-black objects are observed through the atmosphere their intrinsic contrast has to be taken into account and they are usually less visible than black objects, especially for colors that show a high reflectivity around the wavelength of maximum perception. Simulation experiments performed in a hydrosol verified this. Since the most relevant parameter for the visibility determination is the contrast, a telephotometer was built using an astronomic telescope which measures the contrast of distant targets and thus permits a quick in situ measurement of the extinction coefficient and an accurate determination of the visibility. Several measurements performed both in polluted and unpolluted areas have shown that the extinction coefficient of atmospheric aerosol shows large variations. Normally the extinction coefficient is higher in the blue than in the red. The extinction coefficient can be related to the mass concentration of the atmospheric particulate pollution, permitting a quick estimate of the mass of suspended particulates. Since the telephotometer measures the average extinction coefficient, it has been used to determine the spatial distribution of atmospheric pollution over Vienna. A determination of the spatial distribution requires approximately 30 minutes and can be performed from one location, thus being much faster and cheaper than the traditional methods.
The Fourth Sapling (2007)

I have been studying Talmud down here in my basement for the past several years. It has at times been both a maddening and a joyous experience. Moshe Halbertal (1997, 1) admits that he had been taught that hell was not where the wicked were consumed by fire, but rather, where they had been made to study Talmud. Heaven, on the other hand, was the study of Talmud by the pious. Often, in my study, I have pondered into which category I might fit. The Talmud is a book of exasperating complexity whose full depths I may never plumb. Talmudic scholar Adin Steinsaltz (1976, 4) describes the work as the repository of thousands of years of Jewish wisdom, and the oral law, which is as ancient and significant as the written law (the Torah) … a conglomerate of law, legend and philosophy, a blend of unique logic and shrewd pragmatism, of history and science, anecdotes and humor. It is a collection of paradoxes: its framework is orderly and logical, every word and term subjected to meticulous editing, completed centuries after the actual work of composition came to an end; yet it is still based on free association, on a harnessing together of diverse ideas reminiscent of the modern stream-of-consciousness novel … The Talmud treats abstract and totally unrealistic problems in the same manner in which it refers to the most prosaic facts of everyday life. KeywordsUnique LogicStrange StoryCanonical TextDiverse IdeaDivine PresenceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Current status and scope of gallium nitride-based vertical transistors for high-power electronics application (2013)

Gallium nitride (GaN) is becoming the material of choice for power electronics to enable the roadmap of increasing power density by simultaneously enabling high-power conversion efficiency and reduced form factor.This is because the low switching losses of GaN enable high-frequency operation which reduces bulky passive components with negligible change in efficiency.Commercialization of GaN-on-Si materials for power electronics has led to the entry of GaN devices into the medium-power market since the performance-over-cost of even first-generation products looks very attractive compared to today's mature Si-based solutions.On the other hand, the high-power market still remains unaddressed by lateral GaN devices.The current and voltage demand for high-power conversion application makes the chip area in a lateral topology so large that it becomes difficult to manufacture.Vertical GaN devices would play a big role alongside silicon carbide (SiC) to address the high-power conversion needs.In this paper vertical GaN devices are discussed with emphasis on current aperture vertical electron transistors (CAVETs) which have shown promising performance.The fabrication-related challenges and the future possibilities enabled by the availability of good-quality, cost-competitive bulk GaN material are also evaluated for CAVETs.
Differences in growth and branch production by young plants of two provenances of Quercus robur L. (2000)

Growth and branching of Q. robur was studied in young plants grown from acorns collected at two sites in Holland: one, at Ede-de-Klomp, was a registered seed stand having parents with good form; the other was poor phenotype at Wolfheze where parents had crooked trunks and epicormic branches. Observations were made after 6 months growth in the greenhouse and a further eight seasons in the field. In the greenhouse the plants flushed 25 times, with those from Wolfheze generally forming most growth units. Mean length of the growth units produced during the flushes of growth varied between 116 and 242 mm and where there were significant differences between provenances those of Ede-de-Klomp were longer. However, there were no significant differences in height between origins after 6 months growth. Branches were not produced on all trees or on all growth units, their occurrence declining on growth units formed during the later flushes of growth. Between 7 and 64 per cent of buds grew out on those growth units which produced branches, and plants from the Wolfheze origin were generally more branched. After 8 years in the field, the height of the plants varied between 1.3 and 4.2 m, those from Ede-de-Klomp were generally taller with smaller stem diameters than those from Wolfheze. There were significant relationships between shoot length and branch numbers, with the Wolfheze origin generally having more branches per unit length than Ede-de-Klomp. The results are discussed in relation to the phenotype of the parent and early selection of oak provenances.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Seliciclib Shows In Vitro Activity in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas. (2006)

Abstract Background. Despite recent improvements in treatment, a significant fraction of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still fail therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities are needed to advance the cure rate. Seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) is a purine analogue developed as an inhibitor of CDK2/cyclin E CDK7/cyclin H and CDK9/cyclin T. Seliciclib has been shown to be active in B cell neoplasms, such as mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in multiple myeloma in vitro. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of seliciclib in DLBCL. Materials and methods. The anti-proliferative activity of seliciclib was tested in nine human DLBCL cell lines and six DLBCL primary cell cultures. The effects of seliciclib on the cell cycle and on apoptosis, as well as on transcription-related proteins were assessed. Results. The cell viability of all DLBCL cell lines and primary cells was reduced by seliciclib treatment. The IC50 for the cell lines ranged from 13 to 36 μM. The effect of seliciclib was independent of the genetic aberrations characterizing the cell lines. After seliciclib exposure cells accumulated in G2/M or in G1 phase, with most of the cells showing signs of apoptosis. Despite the clear cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis, we could not identify a unique mechanism of action. Conclusions. Our in vitro data suggest that seliciclib is an active agent in DLBCL. Its efficacy is apparently independent of the underlying chromosomal translocations characteristic of DLBCL. The drug might represent a new therapeutic agent in this lymphoma subtype.
Gradients of Al/Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nanostructures for screening mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation (2013)

By decomposing a molecular precursor we fabricated a novel surface based on an aluminium/aluminiumoxide composite incorporating nanotopography gradient to address high-throughput and fast analysis method for studying stem cell differentiation by nanostructures. Depending on the topography of the nanostructures, mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a diverse proliferation and differentiation behavior.
Overestimation of tumor mutational burden (TMB) using algorithms compared to germline subtraction. (2019)

2621 Background: TMB is an emerging predictor of survival with immunotherapy. TMB is determined by taking the difference between somatic and germline datasets when tumor-normal pairs are available. In the case of commonly utilized tumor-only sequencing, additional steps are needed to estimate the somatic alterations. Computational tools have been developed that determine germline contribution based on sample copy state, purity estimates and occurrence of the variant in population databases. Given the potential bias of population datasets, we hypothesized that tumor-only filtering approaches may overestimate the actual TMB. Methods: We assessed the TMB from 50 tumors in 10 diseases including all missense, indels, and frameshift variants with an allelic fraction (AF) ≥5% and Coverage ≥100X within the tumor. Tumor-only TMB was evaluated against the gold standard of matched germline subtracted TMB at three levels. Level 1 removed all the tumor-only variants with AF in the non-TCGA ExAC database ≥1%. Level 2 removed all variants observed in population databases simulating a naive approach of removing germline variation. Level 3 used an internal tumor-only pipeline for calculating TMB. Results: There were significantly higher estimates of TMB with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 tumor-only filtering approaches than that determined by germline subtraction, resulting in significant bias. Whereas there was no correlation between TMB estimates and tumor-germline TMB for Level 1 filtering, there were improvements in correlations for Level 2 and Level 3. Conclusions: The tumor-only approaches that filter variants in population databases overestimate TMB compared to that determined by germline subtraction. Despite improved correlations with more stringent filtering approaches, these falsely elevated estimates may result in the inappropriate categorization of tumor specimens and negatively impact clinical trial results and patient outcomes. [Table: see text]
Optical fiber component characterization by high-intensity and high-spatial-resolution interferometric optical-time-domain reflectometer (1991)

An interferometric optical-time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is demonstrated. A low-coherence interferometer is used and balanced and narrowband detections are performed. The reflectometer has a detectable limit of -130 dB (which is 10 dB lower than the Rayleigh scattered light power in the fiber) and a spatial resolution of 20 mu m. The modal birefringence of a polarization-maintaining fiber and the coupling characteristics of a fiber coupler are successfully measured from their reflectance profiles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rolling Wear Mechanism of Ceramics by SEM Observation (1989)

Scanning electron microscopic observations were carried out on the worn surface and the wear debris of ceramic materials to investigate the wear mechanism of those in dry rolling contact. It was found from the scanning electron microscopic observations that the wear in ceramic materials is related to brittle fracture and has two types of wear mechanisms, small scale wear and larvae scare wear. Plate-like wear debris were created from the initial surface cracks and defects. The small scale wear was related to real contact area and large scale wear was related to HertzJan contact area. A wear model was proposed on the basis of scanning electron microscopic observations.
TSAR: A Fully-Distributed Trustless Data ShARing Platform (2018)

Nowadays is the big data era. A large amount of data are generated which can be valuable for business, healthcare, transportation, etc. To promote the dissemination of the valuable data, researchers have been trying to design and develop data sharing platforms. However, the existing platforms fail to address at least one of the three issues: trustworthiness, data heterogeneity, and authenticability. To this end, we propose TSAR, a fully-distributed Trustless data ShARing platform. In detail, we architect TSAR on Blockchain to remove the dependency on reliable third parties, which realizes the trustworthiness. Moreover, we propose a general data schema to represent raw data, which handles the problem of data heterogeneity. Finally, we record the data transaction as well as user-group information on Blockchain to achieve authenticability. To demonstrate the practicability and effectiveness of TSAR, we implement it in a minimal-viable-product fashion and evaluate the performance in terms of throughput and response time.
Complex splicing pattern generates great diversity in human NF1 transcripts (2002)

Our study revealed a complex splicing pattern, generating a great diversity in NF1 transcripts. We found that, on average, exons that are spliced out in part of the mRNA have significantly weaker acceptor sites. Some variants identified in this study could have distinct roles and might expand our knowledge of neurofibromin.
Comparative Effectiveness and Economic Evaluations of Open Versus Minimally Invasive Posterior or Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2016)

N/A.