gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Epigenetic Silencing of Mesoderm Specific Transcript (MEST) In Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3639 About 10 % of patients with either myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) present either with deletions on the long arm of chromosome 7 or monosomy 7. These chromosomal aberrations are associated with a poor prognosis. Following biallelic inactivation as proposed by Knudsen, a “second hit” of the remaining allele might be required for loss of gene function. Epigenetic silencing might display such a hit in particular since no additional genetic hits could be identified so far. The role of epigenetic regulation might be of special importance in patients with -7/7q-, since several studies have shown that patients harbouring a chromosome 7 abberrations do more benefit from a therapy with demethylating agents as compared to patients with other chromosomal changes. To address the issue of epigenetic silencing in these AML cases we utilized DNA methylation profiling to identify the potential tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 7. We used MBD2 based enrichment of methylated DNA from 4 AML patient samples with monosomy 7 and from 23 patient samples with with other chromosomal changes including normal karyotype AML. For validation we analyzed regional DNA methylation using quantitative MassArray technology on DNA from 115 del(7q) AML or monosomy 7 patients as well as normal karyotype patients (n=20) and CD34 + cells from healthy individuals (n=5). We could identify the gene MEST to be silenced by hypermethylation (&gt; 30 %) of a CpG island on the remaining allele in 20% of the patients with -7/7q- and 40% of patients with normal karyotype. Thus, preferentially in patients that do not have a deletion already. MEST is an imprinted gene located on 7q32.2. However, silencing is correlated with hypermethylation of a CpG island located at an alternative promoter of MEST, independent of the methylation status of the imprinting control region. In two patient samples with monosomy 7 and hypermethylation of MEST (&gt; 80%), DNA methylation was erased after 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) treatment to less than 10 %. In concordance, also AML cell lines with hypermethylation of the MEST locus loose methylation after sublethal DAC treatment which leads to a reexpression of the gene. Thus, we hypothesize that MEST functions as a tumor suppressor in AML and is genetically as well as epigenetically silenced AML. Reactivation of MEST by demethylating treatment may contribute to the mechanism by which demethylating drugs display their therapeutic potential in leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
EmptyDrops: distinguishing cells from empty droplets in droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing data (2019)

Droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing protocols have dramatically increased the throughput of single-cell transcriptomics studies. A key computational challenge when processing these data is to distinguish libraries for real cells from empty droplets. Here, we describe a new statistical method for calling cells from droplet-based data, based on detecting significant deviations from the expression profile of the ambient solution. Using simulations, we demonstrate that EmptyDrops has greater power than existing approaches while controlling the false discovery rate among detected cells. Our method also retains distinct cell types that would have been discarded by existing methods in several real data sets.
Sensitivity and selectivity of intraneural stimulation using a silicon electrode array (1991)

A multielectrode array in silicon technology, as well as experimental paradigms and model calculations for sensitivity and selectivity measures, have been developed. The array consists of twelve platinum electrode sites (10*50 mu m and 50 mu m interdistance) on a 45- mu m thick tip-shaped silicon substrate and a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ insulating glass cover layer. The tip is inserted in the peroneal nerve of a rat during acute experiments to stimulate alpha motor fibers or the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Sensitivity calculations and experiments show a cubic dependence of the number of stimulated motor units on current amplitude of the stimulatory pulse (recruitment curves), starting at single motor level. Selectivity was tested by a method based on the refractory properties of neurons. At the lowest stimulus levels (for one motor unit) selectivity is maximal when two electrodes are separated by 200-250 mu m, which was also estimated on theoretical grounds. The study provides clues for future designs of two- and three-dimensional devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
역사·문화가로의 구성요소 및 색채특성 분석 연구 (2015)

When it comes to how to define history·culture streets, people think of the streets as street environments that would create local identity in association with this local community’s particular historical and cultural resources as well as urban streets. In order to build such streets, any relevant fields first need to apply some original design based on understanding on historical and cultural resources. With Street of Gaya in Gimhae selected as a research subject, this study aims to look into components and color characteristics of the history·culture street and finds ways to create other streets of that kind. As a frame to understand the history·culture streets, what this study would come up with is considered significant in that it helps the value to be re-recognized and promoted. In order to achieve the research goal, the study ⑴ extracted components of streetscapes referring to relevant previous researches and then, ⑵ analyzed a current status of these components of Street of Gaya via field investigation. ⑶ The study examined color characteristics of each of the components. Findings of the research are summarized as follows. ⑴ From a comprehensive point of view, the study categorized and subdivided the components of the history?culture street into nonphysical and physical elements. ⑵ After analyzing the current status of the components, the study learned that Street of Gaya basically consists of historical and cultural remains and sculptures as well as street facilities. ⑶ Results of the color investigation reported that the plan on designing of Street of Gaya had been processed with a focus laid on harmony of historical remains and cultural remains which are told to be natural components. However, the study also figured out that as long as relevant fields want to create different identity in each section and to efficiently deliver information, they should first prepare this smart design system to integrate each pieces of a streetscape as a whole.
Appendix A: Moldable Glasses (2016)

The following list of material properties are for glasses described as moldable by the manufacturer or by another source, with the exception of those listed in bold, which are provided for comparison.
Multi-floor map matching in indoor environments for mobile platforms (2012)

In this paper a map matching algorithm for multi floor indoor environments including guidance of a user is presented. Inertial sensor based pedestrian navigation systems are subject to drift. Maps are to eliminate that drift by matching the path to a map. In multi floor scenarios, we propose to use not only flat floor plans but also transitions like staircases as well as ladders and elevators. This is essential for an enhanced matching of a user path to a given 3D floor plan. Especially in industrial applications this is a crucial factor as also ladders and elevators exist. In contrast to other authors, this paper considers all of these objects. 3D position estimations from an Integrated Pedestrian Navigation System (IPNS) including an inertial system as well as a barometer and a magnetometer are used. Maps must be available, either from a prior Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) survey or from facility maps. The new map representation is used to match real sensor data from the IPNS system to a map in a real time implementation. Furthermore an online guidance implementation is presented which is also based on the new 3D map representation.
Bond Strength between Four Luting Systems and Enamel Modified with Phosphoric Acid (2005)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphoric acid etching on the bond strength between enamel and three luting materials employing self-etching primer (PanaviaF2.0, Linkmax, and Multibond). A luting material without self-etching primer (Super-Bond) was used as a control. Two etching agents (K-etchant and Red Activator) were prepared. The surfaces of bovine enamel were ground, etched with either K-etchant or Red Activator, and then bonded to a stainless steel rod. Tensile bond strengths were determined following 24-hour immersion in water. Without etching, all of the luting materials showed the same statistical bond strength. When K-etchant was applied, the bond strengths of PanaviaF2.0, Linkmax, Multibond, and Super-Bond were significantly greater than that of non-etched control. No significant differences were found between K-etchant and Red Activator. Strongest bonds were obtained for Super-Bond in conjunction with K-etchant (23.6 +/- 6.3 MPa) or Red Activator (21.0 +/- 6.5 MPa), whereby the values were statistically comparable.
The perception of time-separation pitch by dolphins (1988)

A dolphin was required to discriminate between rippled and nonrippled noise projected by an underwater transducer. Random noise was summed with its delayed replica to produce noise having ripples separated by 1/T Hz in the frequency domain, where T is the delay time. The dolphin detected the cos − rippled stimulus at a correct response level of at least 75% for delays between 15 and 500μs, and the cos + rippled stimulus for delays of 13 to 190 μs. The dolphin's sensitivity to rippled noise was measured by attenuating the delayed replica for different delays. The dolphin was most sensitive for a delay of 100 μs. Its sensitivity at 100 μs was 5 dB better for the cos + than the cos − stimuli. The broadband cos + noise was also filtered in different 1/3 octave bands to determined if the animal's sensitivity to rippled noise was a function of the center frequency of the noise. The dolphin's performance was relatively constant as a function of center frequency. The overall results suggest that dolphins may be able to perceive time-separation pitch.
Improvement in function after valgus bracing of the knee (2000)

The use of a valgus brace can effectively relieve the symptoms of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. This study provides an objective measurement of function by analysis of gait symmetry. This was measured in 30 patients on four separate occasions: immediately before and after initial fitting and then again at three months with the brace on and off. All patients reported immediate symptomatic improvement with less pain on walking. After fitting the brace, symmetry indices of stance and the swing phase of gait showed a consistent and immediate improvement at 0 and 3 months, respectively, of 3.92% (p = 0.030) and 3.40% (p = 0.025) in the stance phase and 11.78% (p = 0.020) and 9.58% (p = 0.005) in the swing phase. This was confirmed by a significant improvement at three months in the mean Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score from 69.9 to 82.0 (p &lt; 0.001). Thus, wearing a valgus brace gives a significant and immediate improvement in the function of patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, as measured by analysis of gait symmetry.
[Pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp disease)]. (1990)

The first Polish report of a case of the limited variety of the Woringer-Kolopp disease (pagetoid reticulosis) is presented. The diagnosis was based on histological examination. Numerous pagetoid cells were found in the epidermis and only few in the dermis. In ultramicroscopy two types of mononuclear cells were disclosed, one with large nucleus and scattered chromatin, and other with smaller nucleus and nuclear chromatin condensed at the periphery. The immunopathological examination of isolated pagetoid cells with monoclonal antibodies showed on their surface a slight prevalence of suppressor T-cell receptors. Radiotherapy was applied with a very good result.
The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2016)

Global Heart is the official and primary publication of the World Heart Federation, offering a platform for the dissemination of knowledge on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programmes in the area of cardiovascular disease. Global Heart welcomes research results, points of view and educational material on the prevention, treatment and control of cardiovascular disease with a special focus on low and middle-income countries which are facing the brunt of epidemiological transition.Global Heart strongly encourages authors to adhere to CONSORT, STROBE, STARD, and PRISMA guidelines for reporting of clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy papers, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Authors are required for submission to download and complete the appropriate Equator Network checklist: http://www.equator-network.org/.
The Chip-Scale Atomic Clock - Recent Development Progress (2004)

We have undertaken the development of a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) whose design goals include short-term stability, sigma(sub y)(tau=1 hour), of 1x10(exp 11) with a total power consumption of 30 mW and an overall device volume of 1 cu cm. The stringent power requirement dominates the physics package architecture, dictating a small (&lt;5 mm(exp 3) gaseous atomic ensemble interrogated by a low-power semiconductor laser. At PTTI 2002, we reported on initial experimental investigations leading to the decision to employ the coherent population trapping (CPT) interrogation technique. This paper describes our further progress on the CSAC effort, including the development of custom vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) sources and techniques for microfabricating miniature cesium vapor cells comprised of anodically bonded silicon and glass. Measurements of the signal contrast and linewidth of both the cesium D1 and D2 resonance transitions are compared, and frequency stability measurements of the CSAC testbed are presented.
Degradation of 248 nm Deep UV Photoresist by Ion Implantation (2011)

Wet processes are gaining a renewed interest for removal of high dose ion implanted photoresist (II-PR) in front-end-of-line semiconductor manufacturing because of their excellent selectivity towards the wafer substrate and gate materials. The selection of wet chemistries is supported by an insight into the resist degradation by ion implantation. In this work, different analytical techniques have been applied for in-depth characterization of the chemical changes in 248 nm DUV PR after arsenic implantation. A radical mechanism of resist degradation is proposed involving cross-linking and chain scission reactions. The cross-linking of the resist is dominant especially for high doses and energies. It leads to significant depletion of hydrogen and formation of carbon macroradicals that recombine to form C-C cross-linked crust. Moreover, formation of αβ-unsaturated ketonic and/or quinonoid structures by cross-linking reactions is suggested. In addition, the dopant species may provide rigid points in the PR matrix by chemical bonding with the resist. For higher doses and energies further dehydrogenation occurs, which leads to formation of triple bonds in the crust. Different π-conjugated structures are formed in the crust by cross-linking and dehydrogenation reactions. No presence of amorphous carbon in the crust is revealed.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Potentiate the Protective Effect of Curcumin Against Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats (2017)

Osteoporosis increases fragility fractures and is a major health issue in the elderly. Curcumin, an active constituent of Curcuma longa, was reported to exert a beneficial effect on osteoporotic bone loss. However, poor aqueous solubility has limited its pharmacological efficacy. Although application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles as carriers for curcumin was demonstrated to improve the bioavailability of curcumin, the effect of curcumin-loaded PLGA (C-P) nanoparticles on bone health has not been investigated. To examine the therapeutic potential of C-P, we prepared C-P nanoparticles and confirmed curcumin was successfully encapsulated within the PLGA polymer. Ovariectomy (OVX)- induced bone loss was found to be ameliorated in rats fed with curcumin or C-P. The in vitro release study showed a typical biphasic pattern with an initial burst and following sustained release. Measurement of bone mineral density and observation of trabecular microarchitecture showed that C-P was more effective than free curcumin against osteoporosis. A qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that C-P significantly improved bone remodeling. These results suggest that encapsulation with PLGA enhances the protective effect of curcumin against OVX-induced bone loss. This approach could be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic index of phytochemicals against osteoporosis
Chemotactic responses of growing neurites to precisely controlled gradients of nerve growth factor (2018)

Chemotaxis plays a key role in many biological systems. In particular in the context of the developing nervous system, growing neurites can respond in vitro to shallow gradients of chemotropic molecules such as nerve growth factor (NGF). However, in such studies the gradient parameters are often not well controlled. Here we present a dataset of ~3500 images of early postnatal rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants growing in 40 different precisely controlled combinations of absolute concentration and gradient steepness of NGF. Each image has been segmented into neurite and explant-body regions. We provide computer code for exploration and quantification of the data, including a Fourier analysis of the outer contour of neurite growth, which allows quantities such as outgrowth and guidance as a function of concentration and gradient steepness to be easily extracted. This is the most comprehensive quantitative dataset of chemotactic responses yet available for any biological system, which we hope will be useful for exploring the biological mechanisms governing chemotaxis.
Anion Exchange Fuel Cell Membranes Prepared from C–H Borylation and Suzuki Coupling Reactions (2014)

Of the polymer materials investigated as anion exchange membranes, trimethylbenzylammonium-containing polysulfones are the most extensively studied. They are commonly prepared by chloromethylation of the aromatic backbone or radical bromination of benzylic carbons, followed by a Menshutkin reaction between a tertiary amine and the benzyl halide. To overcome synthetic limitations involved with these two methods, we report the preparation of an anion exchange membrane by means of iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation followed by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling. Owing to the use of mild reaction conditions and high efficiency of these metal-catalyzed reactions, we were able to minimize side reactions and easily control the degree of functionalization for a series of trimethylbenzylammonium-containing polysulfones. The resulting membranes exhibited lower water uptake while maintaining similar hydroxide conductivity and functional group stability as compared to the corresponding chloromethylation-prepared anion exchange membrane materials.
Xcat, a novel mouse model for Nance–Horan syndrome inhibits expression of the cytoplasmic-targeted Nhs1 isoform (2005)

Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, dental anomalies, dysmorphic features and mental retardation. A recent report suggests that the novel gene NHS1 is involved in this disorder due to the presence of point mutations in NHS patients. A possible mouse model for NHS, Xcat, was mapped to a 2.11 Mb interval on the X-chromosome. Sequence and FISH analysis of the X-chromosome region containing the Xcat mutation reveal a large insertion between exons 1 and 2 of the mouse Nhs1 gene. The insertion inhibits the expression of the Nhs1 isoform containing exon 1 and results in exclusive expression of the alternative isoform containing exon 1A. Quantitative RT-PCR of Xcat cDNA shows reduced levels of Nhs1 transcripts. The Nhs1 protein is strongly expressed within the cytoplasm of elongating lens fiber cells from wild-type neonate lens, but is significantly reduced within the Xcat lens. Transient transfection studies of CHO cells with Nhs1-GFP fusion proteins were done to determine whether the amino acids encoded by exon 1 were critical for protein localization. We found the presence of Nhs1 exon 1 critical for localization of the fusion protein to the cytoplasm, whereas fusion proteins lacking Nhs1 exon 1 are predominantly nuclear. These results indicate that the first exon of Nhs1 contains crucial information required for the proper expression and localization of Nhs1 protein. Inhibition of expression of the exon 1 containing isoform results in the abnormal phenotype of Xcat.
The role of insulin resistance in the relation of visceral, abdominal subcutaneous and total body fat to cardiovascular function (2020)

Insulin resistance was associated with reduced diastolic function, separately from VAT and TBF, and partly mediated the associations between adiposity depots and lower diastolic function.
Economic development, human development, and the pursuit of happiness, April 1, 2, and 3, 2004 (2008)

This repository item contains a single issue of the Pardee Conference Series, a publication series that began publishing in 2006 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future. This was the Center's spring conference, which took place during April 1, 2, and 3, 2004.
Severe congenital lipodystrophy and a progeroid appearance: Mutation in the penultimate exon of FBN1 causing a recognizable phenotype (2013)

Recently, three marfanoid patients with congenital lipodystrophy and a neonatal progeroid appearance were reported. Although their phenotype was distinct from that of classic Marfan syndrome, they all had a truncating mutation in the penultimate exon, i.e., exon 64, of FBN1, the causative gene for Marfan syndrome. These patients might represent a new entity, but the exact phenotypic and genotypic spectrum remains unknown. Here, we report on a girl born prematurely who exhibited severe congenital lipodystrophy and a neonatal progeroid appearance. The patient exhibited a characteristic growth pattern consisting of an accelerated growth in height with a discrepant poor weight gain. She had a characteristic facial appearance with craniosynostosis. A mutation analysis identified c.8175_8182del8bp, p.Arg2726Glufs*9 in exon 64 of the FBN1 gene. A review of similar, recently reported patients revealed that the cardinal features of these patients include (1) congenital lipodystrophy, (2) premature birth with an accelerated linear growth disproportionate to the weight gain, and (3) a progeroid appearance with distinct facial features. Lines of molecular evidence suggested that this new progeroid syndrome represents a neomorphic phenotype caused by truncated transcripts with an extremely charged protein motif that escapes from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, altering FBN1-TGF beta signaling, rather than representing the severe end of the hypomorphic phenotype of the FBN1-TGF beta disorder spectrum. We propose that this marfanoid entity comprised of congenital lipodystrophy, a neonatal progeroid appearance, and a peculiar growth profile and caused by rare mutations in the penultimate exon of FBN1, be newly referred to as marfanoid-progeroid syndrome.