gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Cyclodextrin Bound Retrohydroxamate Ferrioxamines. Chiral Iron(lll) Coordination and Biological Activity of Synthetic Siderophores (1991)

Abstract Two β-cyclodextrin bound synthetic siderophores that mimic linear and cyclic desferrioxamines are prepared. These synthetic siderophores form stable 1:1 iron(III) complexes with a Δ-selective coordination and show the growth promotion activity when tested with Aureobacterium flavescens.
Hybrid genetic algorithm based technique to maximize the network lifetime in WSN (2016)

Wireless sensor networks have sensor nodes that communicate with each other for transmitting the data and thus consume its most of the energy during this transmission. They are battery exhaustive and the battery life is limited. There is need to minimize this energy consumption and as a result extend the overall network lifetime. A novel approach is proposed in this paper that makes use a hybrid combination of simulated annealing and genetic algorithms calculate the energy efficient optimal routing and as a result the network survives for longer period. In the objective function of the routing search, the technique calculates the minimum distance and also considering the remaining energy of the nodes between the source and sink. The simulation results show the improved network lifetime and better utilization of the residual energy.
In-hospital Bleeding Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulant and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Analysis From the Japanese Nationwide Registry (2021)

The type of periprocedural antithrombotic regimen that is the safest and most effective in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients on oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy has not been fully investigated. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the in-hospital bleeding outcomes of patients receiving OAC and antiplatelet therapies during PCI using Japanese nationwide multicenter registry data. A total of 26,938 patients who underwent PCI with OAC and antiplatelet therapies between 2016 and 2017 were included. We investigated in-hospital bleeding requiring blood transfusion, mortality, and stent thrombosis according to the antithrombotic regimens used at the time of PCI: OAC + single antiplatelet therapy (double therapy) and OAC + dual antiplatelet therapy (triple therapy). The antiplatelet agents included aspirin, clopidogrel, and prasugrel. The OAC agents included warfarin and direct OACs. Adjusting the dose of OAC or intermitting OAC before PCI was at each operator's discretion. In the study population [mean age (SD), 73.5 (9.5) years; women, 21.5%], the double therapy and triple therapy groups comprised 5546 (20.6%) and 21,392 (79.4%) patients, respectively. Bleeding requiring transfusion was not significantly different between the groups [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.700; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.420-1.160; P = 0.165] (triple therapy as a reference). Mortality was not significantly different (aOR, 1.370; 95% CI, 0.790-2.360; P = 0.258). Stent thrombosis was significantly different between the groups (aOR, 3.310; 95% CI, 1.040-10.500; P = 0.042) (triple therapy as a reference). In conclusion, for patients on OAC therapy who underwent PCI, periprocedural triple therapy may be safe with respect to in-hospital bleeding risks. However, further investigations are warranted to establish the safety and efficacy of periprocedural triple therapy.
Gold and Organocatalysis Combined (2009)

All that glitters: Binary catalytic systems of gold(I) complexes and chiral Brønsted acids, which were recently reported by the research groups of Dixon and Gong, represent a significant leap forwards in the area of sequential one-pot reactions. The special feature of these reactions is the isolobal analogy of the proton and [LAuI] cations, which requires a delicate balance between the reactivities of the acids and the gold complexes.
Detecting Road Lanes under Extreme Conditions: A Quantitative Performance Evaluation (2018)

Vehicle autonomy definitionally is the act of processing information gathered from the environment and acting on the decisions formed based on this information. Therefore, any autonomous paradigm can only perform as good as the quality of the information it can understand. Lane identification forms the foundation of many of the autonomous drive and driver-assist technologies. However, current methods are not always reliable, especially under the edge-cases. In this paper, we have experimentally evaluated and extended the state-of-the-art deterministic lane detection methods. Our evaluation provides experimental evidence towards their efficacy in extreme cases: real-data with sharp shadows and varying lighting that is recorded through a camera that has a limited field of view. Experimental results suggest that a method that builds similarly to human perception performs better-with an increase of 32% in its accuracy. Our hypothesis is that autonomous vehicles that can perform even under these extreme conditions will play an important role on the fully autonomous systems.
Nanomaterials incorporated ultrasound contrast agents for cancer theranostics (2016)

Nanotechnology provides various nanomaterials with tremendous functionalities for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, theranostics has been developed as an alternative strategy for efficient cancer treatment through combination of imaging diagnosis and therapeutic interventions under the guidance of diagnostic results. Ultrasound (US) imaging shows unique advantages with excellent features of real-time imaging, low cost, high safety and portability, making US contrast agents (UCAs) an ideal platform for construction of cancer theranostic agents. This review focuses on the development of nanomaterials incorporated multifunctional UCAs serving as theranostic agents for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, via conjugation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), CuS nanoparticles, DNA, siRNA, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold nanorods (GNRs), gold nanoshell (GNS), graphene oxides (GOs), polypyrrole (PPy) nanocapsules, Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles and so on to different types of UCAs. The cancer treatment could be more effectively and accurately carried out under the guidance and monitoring with the help of the achieved theranostic agents. Furthermore, nanomaterials incorporated theranostic agents based on UCAs can be designed and constructed by demand for personalized and accurate treatment of cancer, demonstrating their great potential to address the challenges of cancer heterogeneity and adaptation, which can provide alternative strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
Deformation monitoring with off-the-shelf digital cameras for civil engineering fatigue testing (2014)

Abstract. Deformation monitoring of civil infrastructure systems is important in terms of both their safety and serviceability. The former refers to estimating the maximum loading capacity during the design stages of a building project, and the latter means performing regularly scheduled maintenance of an already existing structure. Traditionally, large structures have been monitored using surveying techniques, while fine-scale monitoring of structural components such as beams and trusses has been done with strain gauge instrumentation. In the past decade, digital photogrammetric systems coupled with image processing techniques have also been used for deformation monitoring. The major advantage of this remote sensing method for performing deformation monitoring is that there is no need to access the object of interest while testing is in progress. The paper is a result of an experiment where concrete beams with polymer support sheets are subjected to dynamic loading conditions by a hydraulic actuator in a structures laboratory. This type of loading is also known as fatigue testing, and is used to simulate the typical use of concrete beams over a long period of time. From a photogrammetric point of view, the challenge for this type of experiment is to avoid motion artifacts by maximizing the sensor frame rate, and at the same time to have a good enough image quality in order to achieve satisfactory reconstruction precision. This research effort will investigate the optimal camera settings (e.g., aperture, shutter speed, sensor sensitivity, and file size resolution) in order to have a balance between high sensor frame rate and good image quality. The results will be first evaluated in terms of their repeatability, and then also in terms of their accuracy. The accuracy of the results will be checked against another set of results coming from high quality laser transducers.
Molecular breeding of polymerases for resistance to environmental inhibitors (2011)

Potent inhibitors limit the use of PCR assays in a wide spectrum of specimens. Here, we describe the engineering of polymerases with a broad resistance to complex environmental inhibitors using molecular breeding of eight different polymerase orthologues from the genus Thermus and directed evolution by CSR in the presence of inhibitors. Selecting for resistance to the inhibitory effects of Neomylodon bone powder, we isolated 2D9, a chimeric polymerase comprising sequence elements derived from DNA polymerases from Thermus aquaticus, Thermus oshimai, Thermus thermophilus and Thermus brockianus. 2D9 displayed a striking resistance to a broad spectrum of complex inhibitors of highly divergent composition including humic acid, bone dust, coprolite, peat extract, clay-rich soil, cave sediment and tar. The selected polymerase promises to have utility in PCR-based applications in a wide range of fields including palaeobiology, archaeology, conservation biology, forensic and historic medicine.
A case of acute anterior and lateral myocardial infarction altering with time from a large intracoronary thrombus on left main trunk (2004)

Plaque rupture is one of the main causes of acute myocardial infarction. Especially when the thrombus is located in the left main trunk coronary artery, it can effect the left anterior descending as well as circumflex coronary artery, resulting in myocardial necrosis of the anterior and lateral wall. Usually acute myocardial infarction due to left main trunk coronary artery occlusion occurs simultaneously in both anterior and lateral ST-segment elevation, associated with cardiogenic shock. However, rarely does the region alter with time. We report a 59-year old male who had been diagnosed with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction at a local hospital, but on transferral to our hospital 4 hours later, was diagnosed with lateral wall acute myocardial infarction based on electrocardiogram changes. Coronary angiography revealed a mobile, large thrombus on left main trunk with TIMI 3 flow. After heparinization for 5 days, follow-up coronary angiography revealed a complete resolution of previous thrombus.
Cathepsin Cs Are Key for the Intracellular Survival of the Protozoan Parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (2006)

Cysteine proteases play key roles in apicomplexan invasion, organellar biogenesis, and intracellular survival. We have now characterized five genes encoding papain family cathepsins from Toxoplasma gondii, including three cathepsin Cs, one cathepsin B, and one cathepsin L. Unlike endopeptidases cathepsin B and L, T. gondii cathepsin Cs are exopeptidases and remove dipeptides from unblocked N-terminal substrates of proteins or peptides. TgCPC1 was the most highly expressed cathepsin mRNA in tachyzoites (by real-time PCR), but three cathepsins, TgCPC1, TgCPC2, and TgCPB, were undetectable in in vivo bradyzoites. The specific cathepsin C inhibitor, Gly-Phe-dimethylketone, selectively inhibited the TgCPCs activity, reducing parasite intracellular growth and proliferation. The targeted disruption of TgCPC1 does not affect the invasion and growth of tachyzoites as TgCPC2 is then up-regulated and may substitute for TgCPC1. TgCPC1 and TgCPC2 localize to constitutive secretory vesicles of tachyzoites, the dense granules. T. gondii cathepsin Cs are required for peptide degradation in the parasitophorous vacuole as the degradation of the marker protein, Escherichia coli beta-lactamase, secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole of transgenic tachyzoites was completely inhibited by the cathepsin C inhibitor. Cathepsin C inhibitors also limited the in vivo infection of T. gondii in the chick embryo model of toxoplasmosis. Thus, cathepsin Cs are critical to T. gondii growth and differentiation, and their unique specificities could be exploited to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Probability (2011)

One way to approach the notion of probability is through the phenomenon of statistical regularity. There are many repeating situations in nature for which we can predict in advance, from previous experiences, roughly what will happen, but not exactly what will happen. We say in such cases that the occurrences are random. The reason that we cannot predict future events exactly may be that (i) we do not have enough data about the condition of the given problem, (ii) the laws governing a progression of events may be so complicated that we cannot undertake a detailed analysis, or possibly (iii) there is some basic indeterminacy in the physical world. Whatever the reason for the randomness, a definite average pattern of results may be observed in many situations leading to random occurrences when the situation is recreated a great number of times. For example, if a fair coin is flipped many times, it will turn up heads on about half of the flips.
Direct design of robustly asymptotically stabilizing hybrid feedback (2008)

A direct construction of a stabilizing hybrid feedback that is robust to general measurement error is given for a general nonlinear control system that is asymptotically controllable to a compact set.
MAP equalization of space-time coded signals over frequency selective channels (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of equalization space-time codes with transmit diversity. We derive a symbol-by-symbol MAP equalizer/decoder for space-time coded signals over frequency selective channels. We describe a turbo equalization/decoding scheme where the results of the decoding are fed back to the equalizer. Simulation results show an improved equalizer performance due to the feedback.
Differentiable Stripe Patterns for Inverse Design of Structured Surfaces (2023)

Stripe patterns are ubiquitous in nature and everyday life. While the synthesis of these patterns has been thoroughly studied in the literature, their potential to control the mechanics of structured materials remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce Differentiable Stripe Patterns---a computational approach for automated design of physical surfaces structured with stripe-shaped bi-material distributions. Our method builds on the work by Knöppel and colleagues [2015] for generating globally-continuous and equally-spaced stripe patterns. To unlock the full potential of this design space, we propose a gradient-based optimization tool to automatically compute stripe patterns that best approximate macromechanical performance goals. Specifically, we propose a computational model that combines solid shell finite elements with XFEM for accurate and fully-differentiable modeling of elastic bi-material surfaces. To resolve non-uniqueness problems in the original method, we furthermore propose a robust formulation that yields unique and differentiable stripe patterns. We combine these components with equilibrium state derivatives into an end-to-end differentiable pipeline that enables inverse design of mechanical stripe patterns. We demonstrate our method on a diverse set of examples that illustrate the potential of stripe patterns as a design space for structured materials. Our simulation results are experimentally validated on physical prototypes.
Design of Continuous Superresolving Masks for Ground‐based Telescopes (2004)

A number of astronomical applications require resolutions that are moderately beyond the diffraction limit of current telescopes. Fortunately, these telescopes can yield the desired performance through the use of superresolution techniques. In terms of Strehl ratios, the most advantageous superresolution techniques are based on pupil phase masks. Most of these phase masks are composed of discontinuous annuli. However, a continuous design is more useful in a ground‐based telescope, because it can be implemented using the deformable mirror of the adaptive optics system. We present a method for obtaining a continuous profile with a desired performance from an annular mask with the same performance. This method for designing continuous masks allows ground‐based astronomy to benefit from the great body of information, analysis techniques, etc., developed for annular designs. Finally, we check our designing method using simulated data, and we analyze the resolution improvement and the adaptive optics system requirements.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Systemic Treatment with the Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Selectively Impairs p53-Deficient Tumor Cell Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Systemic Treatment with the Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Selectively Impairs p53-Deficient Tumor Cell Growth
Modelling and simulation of an efficient Charge Controller for Photovoltaic System with Maximum Power Point Tracking (2014)

Design and simulation of an efficient, cost effective Charge Controller for Photovoltaic (PV) System is presented here. To harness maximum power from the PV panel, the charge controller is equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) feature. An efficient algorithm for MPPT is developed which requires less iteration to reach Maximum Power Point (MPP) than the traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. Only an input voltage sensor is needed for the design and algorithm to track the MPP which makes the charge controller cost effective. The performance of this charge controller is demonstrated via simulation in Powersim (PSIM) software using the parameters of a practical solar panel (Sunflower A-300). It has been found that around 50% less iterations are required to track the MPP than the tradition P&O method for the proposed algorithm.
Noble gas permeability of polymer films and coatings (1977)

Abstract Permeabilities of noble gases, particularly argon, krypton, and xenon, were measured through a number of polymer films and coatings. Extrapolation of the log of the permeation coefficient versus the square of the gas molecular diameter was used to estimate radon permeability. An equation has been developed that can predict permeability to these noble gases as a function of the base polymer structure of the coating.
Validation of the Aeolus L2B wind product with airborne wind lidar measurements in the polar North Atlantic region and in the tropics (2022)

Abstract. During the first 3 years of the European Space Agency's Aeolus mission, the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR) performed four airborne campaigns deploying two different Doppler wind lidars (DWL) on board the DLR Falcon aircraft, aiming to validate the quality of the recent Aeolus Level 2B (L2B) wind data product (processor baseline 11 and 12). The first two campaigns, WindVal III (November–December 2018) and AVATAR-E (Aeolus Validation Through Airborne Lidars in Europe, May and June 2019), were conducted in Europe and provided first insights into the data quality at the beginning of the mission phase. The two later campaigns, AVATAR-I (Aeolus Validation Through Airborne Lidars in Iceland) and AVATAR-T (Aeolus Validation Through Airborne Lidars in the Tropics), were performed in regions of particular interest for the Aeolus validation: AVATAR-I was conducted from Keflavik, Iceland, between 9 September and 1 October 2019 to sample the high wind speeds in the vicinity of the polar jet stream; AVATAR-T was carried out from Sal, Cape Verde, between 6 and 28 September 2021 to measure winds in the Saharan dust-laden African easterly jet. Altogether, 10 Aeolus underflights were performed during AVATAR-I and 11 underflights during AVATAR-T, covering about 8000 and 11 000 km along the Aeolus measurement track, respectively. Based on these collocated measurements, statistical comparisons of Aeolus data with the reference lidar (2 µm DWL) as well as with in situ measurements by the Falcon were performed to determine the systematic and random errors of Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy winds that are contained in the Aeolus L2B product. It is demonstrated that the systematic error almost fulfills the mission requirement of being below 0.7 m s−1 for both Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy winds. The random error is shown to vary between 5.5 and 7.1 m s−1 for Rayleigh-clear winds and is thus larger than specified (2.5 m s−1), whereas it is close to the specifications for Mie-cloudy winds (2.7 to 2.9 m s−1). In addition, the dependency of the systematic and random errors on the actual wind speed, the geolocation, the scattering ratio, and the time difference between 2 µm DWL observation and satellite overflight is investigated and discussed. Thus, this work contributes to the characterization of the Aeolus data quality in different meteorological situations and allows one to investigate wind retrieval algorithm improvements for reprocessed Aeolus data sets.
Evaluation of apoA-I kinetics in humans using simultaneous endogenous stable isotope and exogenous radiotracer methods. (1993)

Apolipoprotein A-I is the major apolipoprotein constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL). Methods used to investigate in vivo kinetics of apoA-I include exogenous labeling with radioiodine and endogenous labeling with stable isotopically labeled amino acids. We report here a direct comparison of these methods to determine the in vivo kinetics of apoA-I in four normal subjects. Purified apoA-I was labeled with 125I, reassociated with autologous plasma, and injected into study subjects. At the same time, [13C6]phenylalanine was administered as a primed constant infusion for up to 14 hours. The kinetic parameters of apoA-I were determined from the 125I-labeled apoA-I plasma curves. For the analysis of data from stable isotope studies, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB-100, VLDL apoB-48, and total apoA-I were isolated by ultracentrifugation and subsequent preparative NaDodSO4-PAGE, hydrolyzed, and derivatized. The tracer/tracee ratio was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Monoexponential function analysis was used to determine the tracer/tracee curves of VLDL apoB-100 and VLDL apoB-48, and total apoA-I. The mean plateau tracer/tracee ratio of VLDL apoB-100 (primarily liver-derived) was 5.19%, whereas that of VLDL apoB-48 (intestinally derived) was only 3.74%. Using the VLDL apoB-100 plateau tracer/tracee ratio as the estimate of the precursor pool enrichment for apoA-I, the mean apoA-I residence time (RT) was 5.14 +/- 0.41 days, compared with 4.80 +/- 0.30 days for the exogenous labeling method. The apoA-I RTs using these two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.874).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1,2,5,6‐Tetra‐O‐benzyl‐D‐mannitol Derivatives as Novel HIV Protease Inhibitors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.