gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimal Interference from Possessor Phrases in the Production of Subject-Verb Agreement (2016)

We explore the language production process by eliciting subject-verb agreement errors. Participants were asked to create complete sentences from sentence beginnings such as The elf's/elves' house with the tiny window/windows and The statue in the elf's/elves' gardens. These are subject noun phrases containing a head noun and controller of agreement (statue) and two nonheads, a "local noun" (window(s)/garden(s)), and a possessor noun (elf's/elves'). Past research has shown that a plural nonhead noun (an "attractor") within a subject noun phrase triggers the production of verb agreement errors, and further, that the nearer the attractor to the head noun, the greater the interference. This effect can be interpreted in terms of relative hierarchical distance from the head noun, or via a processing window account, which claims that during production, there is a window in which the head and modifying material may be co-active, and an attractor must be active at the same time as the head to give rise to errors. Using possessors attached at different heights within the same window, we are able to empirically distinguish these accounts. Possessors also allow us to explore two additional issues. First, case marking of local nouns has been shown to reduce agreement errors in languages with "rich" inflectional systems, and we explore whether English speakers attend to case. Secondly, formal syntactic analyses differ regarding the structural position of the possessive marker, and we distinguish them empirically with the relative magnitude of errors produced by possessors and local nouns. Our results show that, across the board, plural possessors are significantly less disruptive to the agreement process than plural local nouns. Proximity to the head noun matters: a possessor directly modifying the head noun induce a significant number of errors, but a possessor within a modifying prepositional phrase did not, though the local noun did. These findings suggest that proximity to a head noun is independent of a "processing window" effect. They also support a noun phrase-internal, case-like analysis of the structural position of the possessive ending and show that even speakers of inflectionally impoverished languages like English are sensitive to morphophonological case-like marking.
Repeated Freezing Procedures Preserve Structural and Functional Properties of Amniotic Membrane for Application in Ophthalmology (2020)

For decades, the unique regenerative properties of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) have been successfully utilized in ophthalmology. As a directly applied biomaterial, the hAM should be available in a ready to use manner in clinical settings. However, an extended period of time is obligatory for performing quality and safety tests. Hence, the low temperature storage of the hAM is a virtually inevitable step in the chain from donor retrieval to patient application. At the same time, the impact of subzero temperatures carries an increased risk of irreversible alterations of the structure and composition of biological objects. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the hAM as a medicinal product; this is intended for a novel strategy of application in ophthalmology requiring a GMP production protocol including double freezing-thawing cycles. We compared clinically relevant parameters, such as levels of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins content, morphology, ultrastructure and mechanical properties, before and after one and two freezing cycles. It was found that epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hyaluronic acid, and laminin could be detected in all studied conditions without significant differences. Additionally, histological and ultrastructure analysis, as well as transparency and mechanical tests, demonstrated that properties of the hAM required to support therapeutic efficacy in ophthalmology are not impaired by dual freezing.
Design and Experimental Validation of an LTE-Based Synchrophasor Network in a Medium Voltage Distribution Grid (2018)

We present and experimentally validate in a real-scale medium voltage (MV) grid a synchrophasor network that exploits the availability of a public 4G LTE communication infrastructure. An 18 buses, 10 kV feeder located in Huissen, The Netherlands, has been equipped with 10 Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) connected to the MV grid by means of dedicated voltage and current sensors. The PMUs stream synchrophasor data through a public 4G LTE network via an information-centric networking-based middleware, named C-DAX. The measurements are received and time-aligned at a phasor data concentrator and fed to a real-time state estimation application. The paper presents the various field-trial components and validates the feasibility of exploiting the 4G LTE technology for PMU-based applications. Specifically we assess the performance of the adopted wireless telecommunication infrastructure with and without the C-DAX middleware, as well as the accuracy of the real-time state estimation process.
Onion Irrigation and Nitrogen Leaching in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado 1990-1991 (1993)

Water and nitrogen (N) are major inputs in the production of onions in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado. Because nitrates move with irrigation water, the effect of different rates of application of both N fertilizer and water on nitrate leaching were studied simultaneously. After a 2-year field study (1990-1991), it was concluded that &gt;50 t·ha -1 of onions could be obtained without any N fertilizer when &gt;42 ppm of nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) were initially present in the top 33 cm of soil and up to 112 cm of irrigation water was applied. Total onion yield was not improved by applying more than the calculated irrigation requirement. The 2-m profile of soil under these experiments was found to contain &gt;1400 kg·ha -1 of residual NO 3 -N prior to fertilizer treatments. When twice the estimated irrigation requirement was applied, &gt;1000 kg·ha -1 of NO 3 -N was unaccounted for and presumed to have been mostly leached below the 2-m profile and partly denitrified. In both years, the onions were planted on land that had been fallowed the previous season, which does not help explain the presence of the high levels of nitrates found in the soil profile. It was concluded that sound water and N management practices in onion fields are crucial for preservation of water quality.
Clinicopathologic Analysis of 187 High-grade Endometrial Carcinomas of Different Histologic Subtypes: Similar Outcomes Belie Distinctive Biologic Differences (2007)

The clinical and histopathologic features of 187 high-grade endometrial cancers [FIGO grade 3 endometrioid (EC-3), serous (SC), and clear cell (CC)] were studied to determine whether clinicopathologic differences between these various histologic subtypes existed. The study group consisted of 89 EC-3s, 61 SCs, and 37 CCs. Treatment regimens were individualized. SCs and CCs were significantly more likely than EC-3s to occur in patients older than 65 years (P=0.03), and SCs tended to occur more frequently in patients of African descent than EC-3s and CCs (P=0.07), although this was not statistically significant. EC-3s had the highest rate of associated endometrial hyperplasia (P=0.05). SCs were most likely to have high-stage disease at presentation (>or=stage IIB; P=0.01), with peritoneal dissemination at diagnosis being much more common compared with EC-3s and CCs (P=0.004). Median follow-up was 39 months, and median overall survival was 47 months. Five-year survivals were 45% (EC-3), 36% (SC), and 50% (CC)-differences that were not statistically significant. In contrast, the impact of stage on survival was significant (P<0.001). Among all other factors evaluated, only age greater than 65 years was a negative predictor (risk ratio, 2.23; P<0.001), whereas a family history of cancer reduced the risk of death when controlling for stage (risk ratio, 0.54; P=0.005). When controlling for stage, race, reproductive history, personal history of cancer, histologic subtype, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, presence of an endometrial polyp, presence of hyperplasia, or staging adequacy did not affect prognosis. High-grade endometrial cancers of different histologic subtypes treated in an individualized manner are associated with similar clinical outcomes, but differences in age at presentation, race distribution, association with hyperplasia, stage, and sites of tumor dissemination support the idea that these represent distinct disease entities as defined by traditional histopathologic classification of endometrial cancers.
An experimental comparative study of adaptive sigma-point Kalman filters: Case study of a rigid–flexible four-bar linkage mechanism and a servo-hydraulic actuator (2023)

This paper investigates the application, design, and implementation of different adaptive sigma-point Kalman filters for nonlinear dynamic systems. It is a well-known fact that the performance of nonlinear Kalman filters depends on a prior knowledge of system noise statistics. In real-time applications, this knowledge is difficult and in some cases impossible to predefine. Therefore, an adaptation mechanism based on the random weighting method is proposed in this work to estimate, simultaneously, noise covariance and the state of the system. On the other hand, for real time execution, the computational efficiency of such filters should also be considered to minimize the burden on computational resources. Based on these two factors, in this paper, four different variants of the adaptive sigma-point Kalman filter are studied in detail: (I) an Adaptive Unscented Kalman filter (AUKF), (II) an Adaptive Square-root Unscented Kalman filter (ASr-UKF) with an Unscented Transformation sigma-point selection strategy, (III) an Adaptive Scaled Spherical Simplex Unscented Kalman filter (AS3UKF), and (IV) an Adaptive Square-root Scaled Spherical Simplex Unscented Kalman filter (ASr-S3UKF) with scaled spherical simplex sigma-point selection strategy. The performance of these adaptive sigma-point Kalman filters is analyzed here in depth and discussed for application to a simulated rigid–flexible four-bar linkage mechanism and a practical servo-hydraulic actuator setup under different scenarios. The simulation and the experimental results indicated that, for the cases studied in this article, the filters are competitive and present advantages and disadvantages that should be dealt with according to the requirements of the problem.
Smart Vision Chip For Colon Exploration (2018)

Le Cancer Colorectal (Cancer Colorectal (CCR)) est le deuxième le plus fréquent en terme de mortalité avec un taux de 47% (880 792 décès en 2018). 96% des CCR débutent par l’apparition d’une tumeur (un polype adénomateux) dans la paroi du côlon. La Capsule Endoscopique (CE), a été inventée par Paul Swain en 1990. Il s’agit d’une pilule intégrant une caméra et un système de radio communication, que le patient avale. Pendant cette procédure, la capsule transmet les images du tube digestif vers un boîtier externe via une communication par radiofréquence. Une fois toutes les images transmises, un médecin gastro-entérologue les télécharge pour réaliser une analyse visuelle et détecter les anomalies et les tumeurs. À l’aide de ce dispositif les médecins peuvent détecter des polypes, d’au moins 5 mm, avec une sensibilité et une spécificité respectivement de 68,8% et de 81,3%. Cette CE présente quelques limites et faiblesses liées à la résolution spatiale et temporelle des images, à son autonomie énergétique et au grand nombre d’images transmises que le gastro-entérologue doit analyser. Nous avons étudié la conception d’un système embarqué contenant une chaine de traitement capable de détecter des polypes et intégrée dans une capsule, créant un nouveau dispositif médical : une capsule endoscopique intelligente. Pour réaliser ce dispositif, nous avons pris en compte toutes les contraintes non fonctionnelles liées à l’intégration dans une capsule endoscopique. Ce dispositif pourrait ainsi être un nouvel outil de dépistage précoce des lésions pré-cancéreuses colorectales : les polypes.
Stratégie de perception active pour l'interprétation de scènes : Application à une scène routière (2013)

National audience
Activity of voriconazole (UK-109,496) against clinical isolates of Aspergillus species and its effectiveness in an experimental model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (1997)

Voriconazole, a new azole antifungal agent, showed potent activity against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. in vitro. For A. fumigatus, the MIC range was < 0.03 to 0.5 microgram/ml and the MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited was 0.25 microgram/ml. In an experimental model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis which mimics infection in humans, oral voriconazole at dosages of 30 mg/kg of body weight per day significantly delayed or prevented mortality.
Somatostatin receptors in human prostate and prostate cancer. (1995)

Benign as well as malignant human prostatic tissues were evaluated for their content of somatostatin (SRIH) receptors (SRIH-R). In vitro receptor autoradiography techniques on cryostat sections were performed using 125I-labeled [Tyr3]octreotide as well as 125I-labeled [Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]SRIH-28 as radioligands. SRIH-R were identified in all normal and hyperplastic prostates in the smooth muscles of the stroma, whereas the glands did not express the receptors. Muscular nodules were strongly receptor positive as well. The receptors were of high affinity (Kd = 0.4 nmol/L) and high specificity for biologically active SRIH analogs; high affinity for SRIH-14, SRIH-28, and octreotide was detected, suggesting the presence of the SSTR2 receptor subtype. In situ hybridization studies confirmed the presence of SSTR2 messenger ribonucleic acid in these tissues. Primary prostate cancers did not have SRIH-R identified with 125I-labeled [Tyr3]octreotide. However, they were expressing SRIH-R identified with 125I-labeled [Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]SRIH-28, with a high affinity for SRIH-14 and SRIH-28, but low affinity for octreotide. The receptors were located on tumoral cells. In situ hybridization studies revealed a preferential expression of SSTR1. Primary human prostate cancers, therefore, express a different SRIH-R subtype than benign prostate tissue. Several veins and the ganglion cells from the prostatic plexus in the surroundings of the tumors were expressing SRIH-R with high affinity for octreotide as well. These data suggest that the human prostate as well as prostate cancers may be targets for SRIH therapy; however, SRIH analogs with different selectivities for SRIH-R subtypes are required in each case.
Advanced applications to security of IR smart microbolometers (2007)

Advanced IR emitters and sensors are under development for high detection probability, low false alarm rate and identification capability of toxic gases. One of the most reliable technique to identify the gas species is Spectroscopy, especially in the infrared spectral range, where most of existing toxic compounds exhibit their stronger roto-vibrational absorption bands. Following the results obtained from simulations and analysis of expected absorption spectra, a compact non dispersive infrared multi-spectral system has been designed and developed for security applications. It utilizes a few square millimeters thermal source, a novel design multipass cell, and a smart architecture microbolometric sensor array coupled to a linear variable spectral filter to perform toxic gases detection and identification. This is done by means of differential absorption spectroscopic measurements in the spectral range of the LWIR (Long Wavelength Infrared) spectral region. Preliminary tests for sensitivity and selectivity are undergoing using mixtures of ammonia and ethylene. Detection capability down to tens of ppm has been demonstrated. Possible improvements owing to open path sensor or hollow-fiber based sensor implementation are also presented for future systems evolution.
On the minimization of average path lengths for heterogeneous MDDs [multi-valued decision diagrams] (2004)

In this paper, we propose both exact and heuristic minimization algorithms for the average path length (APL) of heterogeneous multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs). In a heterogeneous MDD, each variable can take on a different number of values. To represent a binary logic function using a heterogeneous MDD, we partition the binary variables into groups, and treat them as multi-valued variables. By considering partitions of binary variables, we can obtain heterogeneous MDDs that represent logic functions more compactly and have smaller APLs than reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (ROBDDs). Experimental results using 21 benchmark functions show that the APLs of the heterogeneous MDDs can be reduced to a half that of corresponding ROBDDs, on average, without increasing memory size.
Automatic construction of networks of concepts characterizing document databases (1992)

Two East-bloc computing knowledge bases, both based on a semantic network structure, were created automatically from large, operational textual databases using two statistical algorithms. The knowledge bases were evaluated in detail in a concept-association experiment based on recall and recognition tests. In the experiment, one of the knowledge bases, which exhibited the asymmetric link property, outperformed four experts in recalling relevant concepts in East-bloc computing. The knowledge base, which contained 20000 concepts (nodes) and 280000 weighted relationships (links), was incorporated as a thesaurus-like component in an intelligent retrieval system. The system allowed users to perform semantics-based information management and information retrieval via interactive, conceptual relevance feedback.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Short pitch cholesteric electro-optical device based on periodic polymer structures (2009)

The helical flexoelectro-optic effect produces a submillisecond, temperature-independent in-plane rotation of the optical axis and is potentially interesting for the display industry. The main drawback is that it relies on a texture, the uniform lying helix (ULH), which is intrinsically unstable. We present a method based on the use of periodic polymeric microchannels to create highly ordered and stable ULH structures. Electro-optic measurements performed on a test device show a large contrast ratio between bright and dark states (better then 100:1), fast switching (200 μs), and large optical rotation (&amp;gt;30°).
A Chiral Halogen‐Bonding [3]Rotaxane for the Recognition and Sensing of Biologically Relevant Dicarboxylate Anions (2017)

The unprecedented application of a chiral halogen-bonding [3]rotaxane host system for the discrimination of stereo- and E/Z geometric isomers of a dicarboxylate anion guest is described. Synthesised by a chloride anion templation strategy, the [3]rotaxane host recognises dicarboxylates through the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric sandwich complexes. This process was analysed by molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed the critical synergy of halogen and hydrogen bonding interactions in anion discrimination. In addition, the centrally located chiral (S)-BINOL motif of the [3]rotaxane axle component facilitates the complexed dicarboxylate species to be sensed via a fluorescence response.
Pulse Duration and Temporal Contrast as Critical Parameters for Internal Structuring of Silicon (2021)

The advent of infrared laser technologies creates a new avenue for directly creating 3D microdevices inside silicon chips by laser writing. However, challenges persist due to material nonlinearities that prevent to reach writing conditions with the shortest femtosecond pulses [1] . When turning to longer pulses up to nanosecond duration, the situation progressively improves. Decreased power and nonlinear effects make bulk modification become usually achievable [2] . However, the literature remains very contradictory on the conditions for bulk Si modifications. Some report waveguide writing with ultrashort pulses [3] while others show very hardly achievable modifications with relatively long pulses [4] . This is the opposite of current understanding and provides a motivation to study laser-technology-dependent parameters. After studying the pulse duration dependence [2] , we have found that by combining different pulse durations, the temporal contrast corresponding to the intensity ratio of the background or pre/post – pulses to the main peak pulse is another key parameter in these situations.
Corrigenda (1971)

S. M. Kupchan, A. J. Liepa, C. B. Acland, H. C. Freeman, D. E. Games, N. J. Haskins, E. E. Schweizer, D. M. Crouse, T. Minami and A. T. Wehman, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 1412 DOI: 10.1039/C29710001412
Modeling Gas-Phase Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2006)

In this transaction, the equations and methodology for modeling convection and ordinary, Knudsen, and pressure diffusion of gases in a fuel-cell gas-diffusion layer are described. Some results examining the magnitudes of the various terms are also made. This derivation results in a self-consistent description of the various transport mechanisms and is robust for numerical solutions, especially for conditions involving different flow regimes or where the regime is not known a priori.
Process development of lentiviral vector expression, purification and formulation for gene therapy applications (2016)

There is growing interest in the use of lentiviral vectors, particularly for cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of monogenic diseases. Manufacturing of these vectors is challenging primarily due to cytotoxic effects of vector components resulting in low cell culture titres and vector instability leading to low purification yields. In addition, currently used processes are typically not scalable as they rely on adherently cultured cells and unit operations such as batch centrifugation and gel filtration. To improve process scalability, suspension adaptation of a lentiviral vector packaging cell line was attempted, however, cell aggregation could not be prevented. For vector clarification it was found that membranes with pore sizes of 0.22 µm resulted in recoveries less than 50%, whereas the use of 0.45 µm membranes resulted in recoveries close to 100%. Successful vector concentration utilising centrifugal filters was possible with a membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa, whereas a 300 kDa MWCO led to low recoveries. Chromatography stationary phases that allow convective mass transfer, such as membranes and monoliths, are becoming increasingly popular for purification of large molecules. Lentiviral vector was found to bind monoliths with weak and strong anion exchangers over a wide range of conditions. Vector elution conditions determined for membrane- and monolith-based resins in high-throughput 96-well plate format were found to not be indicative of gradient elution conditions for 1 mL versions of these resins operated by a chromatography system. The thermolability of lentiviral vectors leads to a requirement for storage at less than -65°C. Inexpensive mixtures of sugars in combination with a glycine-derivative were studied for their ability to stabilise a lentiviral vector during freeze-drying and subsequent thermochallenge. The amorphous solid formed upon freeze-drying was able to stabilise the vector for up to 12 weeks at 4°C and eight weeks at 25°C. This is in comparison to formulation in phosphate buffered saline, where more than 90% of infectious titre was lost immediately upon freeze-drying.