gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bicyclic Pyrazinones via Addition of Heterocyclic Amines to a Nitroalkene. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure from Selective Vulnerability of Senescent Glioblastoma Cells to BCL-XL Inhibition (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Selective Vulnerability of Senescent Glioblastoma Cells to BCL-XL Inhibition
Thermal Evaluation of Stator Liner and Winding Insulation in Power Traction Motors (2023)

Induction motors are widely used in Electric Vehicles (EVs). In this paper, we simulate a finite element model (FEM) of an induction motor, similar to those used in EV applications, in Ansys Motor-CAD and evaluate its performance under state-of-the-art winding and slot liner insulation materials. We also compare the motor's thermal performance and torque capability with a new insulation material that combines the best qualities of winding and slot insulation into slot liner insulation. Simulation results of 12 different test cases are presented for three winding insulation materials and four slot liner materials. In additional to random winding, the most effective insulation material is also validated on hairpin windings.
Multistage DC-DC Step-Up Self Balanced and Magnetic Component Free Converter for Photovoltaic Applications&mdash;Hardware Implementation (2017)

This article presents a self balanced multistage DC-DC step-up converter for photovoltaic applications. Proposed converter topology is designed for unidirectional power transfer and provides a doable solution for photovoltaic applications where voltage is required to be stepped up without magnetic components (Transformer-less and Inductor-less). The output voltage obtained from renewable sources will be low and must be stepped up by using a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications. K diodes and K capacitors along with two semiconductor control switch are used in the K-stage proposed converter to obtain an output voltage which is (K+1) times the input voltage. The conspicuous features of proposed topology are i) Magnetic components free (Transformer-less and Inductor-less). ii) Continuous input current iii) Low voltage rating semiconductor devices and capacitors iv) Modularity v) Easy to add a higher number of levels to increase voltage gain vi) Only two control switches with alternating operation and simple control. The proposed converter is compared with recent existing transformer-less and Inductor-less power converter in term of voltage gain, number of devices and cost. The application of proposed circuit is discussed in detail. The proposed converter has been designed with rated power of 60W, input voltage is 24V, output voltage is 100V and switching frequency is 100 kHz. The performance of the converter is verified through experimental and simulation results.
Diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium (2020)

We investigated the association between diet and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk using data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium. The INHANCE pooled data included 22 case-control studies with 14,520 cases and 22,737 controls. Center-specific quartiles among the controls were used for food groups and frequencies per week were used for single food items. A dietary pattern score combining high fruit and vegetable intake and low red meat intake, was created. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the dietary items on the risk of HNC were estimated with a two-stage random effects logistic regression model. An inverse association was observed for higher frequency intake of fruit (4th vs. 1st quartile OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.43–0.62, ptrend<0.01) and vegetables (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.49–0.90, ptrend=0.01). Intake of red meat (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.13–1.74, ptrend=0.13) and processed meat (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.14–1.65, ptrend<0.01) were positively associated with HNC risk. Higher dietary pattern scores, reflecting high fruit/vegetable and low red meat intake, were associated with reduced HNC risk (per score increment OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.84–0.97).
Anaerobic Benzene Oxidation by Geobacter Species (2012)

The abundance of Geobacter species in contaminated aquifers in which benzene is anaerobically degraded has led to the suggestion that some Geobacter species might be capable of anaerobic benzene degradation, but this has never been documented. A strain of Geobacter, designated strain Ben, was isolated from sediments from the Fe(III)-reducing zone of a petroleum-contaminated aquifer in which there was significant capacity for anaerobic benzene oxidation. Strain Ben grew in a medium with benzene as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) oxide as the sole electron acceptor. Furthermore, additional evaluation of Geobacter metallireducens demonstrated that it could also grow in benzene-Fe(III) medium. In both strain Ben and G. metallireducens the stoichiometry of benzene metabolism and Fe(III) reduction was consistent with the oxidation of benzene to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) serving as the sole electron acceptor. With benzene as the electron donor, and Fe(III) oxide (strain Ben) or Fe(III) citrate (G. metallireducens) as the electron acceptor, the cell yields of strain Ben and G. metallireducens were 3.2 × 10(9) and 8.4 × 10(9) cells/mmol of Fe(III) reduced, respectively. Strain Ben also oxidized benzene with anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as the sole electron acceptor with cell yields of 5.9 × 10(9) cells/mmol of AQDS reduced. Strain Ben serves as model organism for the study of anaerobic benzene metabolism in petroleum-contaminated aquifers, and G. metallireducens is the first anaerobic benzene-degrading organism that can be genetically manipulated.
Robust T-cell stimulation by Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B cells after antigen targeting to DEC-205 (2013)

DEC-205 is a type I transmembrane multilectin receptor that is predominantly expressed on dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, previous studies primarily focused on processing of DEC-205–targeted antigens by this potent antigen presenting cell type. Here we show that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines (LCLs) not only express DEC-205 at similar levels to DCs, but also efficiently present targeted EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV-latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) to EBNA1- and LMP1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones in vitro. Targeting of antigens to DEC-205 on B cells led to more efficient MHC class II than I loading, and stimulated T cells more efficiently than targeting to DEC-205 on DCs. Although LCLs internalized DEC-205–targeted antigens less efficiently than DCs, they retained them for longer time periods and delivered them to endosomal compartments that receive also B-cell receptor targeted proteins. This could facilitate prolonged T-cell stimulation and efficient MHC class II loading, and, indeed, CD4+ T-cell expansion by DEC-205–targeted vaccination was significantly compromised in B-cell deficient mice. These studies suggest that B cells, activated by virus transformation or other means, can contribute to T-cell stimulation after DEC-205 targeting of antigens during vaccination.
Large-Scale, Plasma-Assisted Growth of Nanowires (2017)

In this chapter, the authors describe readers effort to make and scale up the production of inorganic nanowires using plasma-based approaches. They have shown that mixing silane and nitrogen diluted in hydrogen results in bulk nucleation and growth of silicon nitride nanowires from gallium melt at reasonable temperatures less than 550C. Direct plasma synthesis is a process where nanowires (NWs) are grown by exposing a substrate to gaseous plasma. The plasma flight-through method describes various plasma processes that can reshape or synthesize new NWs from particles, solid–vapor–solid, and solid–liquid–vapour–solid growth mechanisms. Particles passing through a gaseous plasma, typically in a free fall, can either melt or vaporize and then interact with plasma species to form new types of NWs. Bulk production of NWs was performed with a newly designed reactor that efficiently generates microwave plasma inside quartz tube. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition has been used to deposit nanostructures including NWs from a gaseous precursor to a solid product.
A Changing Climate for Prediction (2007)

Standard climate model projections, which have shown the significance of global warming, must be redesigned to inform climate change adaptation and mitigation policy.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Total Synthesis of Mycoticin A. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Congo red inhibition of scrapie agent replication (1993)

Congo red inhibits the accumulation of protease-resistant PrP in scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells. Here we show that Congo red also inhibits the replication of scrapie infectivity in these cells. This observation is consistent with the idea that protease-resistant PrP is a vital component of the scrapie agent or that agent replication depends on the presence of protease-resistant PrP in the cell.
Structure and genetic engineering of antigens and antibodies: applications in immunoassays. (1992)

Proteins play central roles in all life processes, catalyzing biochemical reactions with remarkable specificity and serving as key structural elements in all cells and tissues. Proteins are involved in every aspect of life: catalysis, structure, motion, recognition, regulation. We now know of many thousands of protein sequences. Recent advances in gene synthesis and genetic engineering have made it possible in principle to construct any desired amino acid sequence. Protein engineering can be used both to explore fundamental questions regarding protein folding, structure ,,,4 C..,,r:,, . . . &,. ,.I,,:, .._,.C., ___c_:_._ 4-_.--J:-,., ._._A :._rl..-r-‘-1 ..~-l:~..r:~~~ Qllcl IUULLI”II SLUU C” UCSll;” USCIllI p‘vcc”‘” I”1 lllCUlcisIl auLl 1‘1UU~Llla‘ apyllr;arl”1la. It should be possible to alter the substrate specificity and pH optimum of enzymes, to increase the thermal stability of proteins [l] and to design proteins that can be used in non-aqueous solvents. In addition to modifying existing proteins, it should be possible to design entirely novel peptides and proteins with useful properties. It is very difficult to predict the appropriate sequence changes however. We cannot foresee how a protein will fold and although the amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure, knowledge of this sequence does not yet allow us to predict the structure [2]. The relationship between protein structure and function is only partially understood [3]. Genetic engineering affords us novel possibilities for under standing the molecular basis of interaction between an antibody and a protein antigen, in that the structures of the antibody, the protein epitope and the antibody protein complex can be defined. This will be beneficial for the further development of the immunoassay technologies at present widely used in clinical chemistry laboratories. Detailed investigations into the structure of the epitopes of the antigen will allow better characterization of the antibodies used in different assays.
Lillian hard red spring wheat (2005)

Lillian, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), exhibited reduced cutting by the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) and is adapted to the Canadian prairies. Lillian produced significantly more grain yield than AC Abbey and Neepawa and its grain yield and protein concentration were similar to AC Barrie. It matured significantly earlier than Superb and Laura, and had improved resistance to leaf rust and leaf spotting diseases compared to AC Abbey. Lillian is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield and protein, resistance wheat stem sawfly, leaf and stem rust
Induction of HL‐60 cell differentiation by water‐soluble and nitrogen‐containing conjugates of retinoic acid and retinol (1991)

Retinoids induce the promyelocytic cell line, HL-60, to differentiate along the granulocytic pathway in vitro. A number of water-soluble and nitrogen-containing retinoids were synthesized in our laboratory [retinoyl-glucose (RAGL), retinyl-glucose (ROGL), retinoyl-adenosine (RADS), retinoyl-adenine (RAD), retinoyl-beta-glucuronide (beta RAG), and retinoyl-alpha-glucuronide (alpha RAG)]. These retinoids (10(-5) to 10(-8) M), as well as retinoic acid (RA) and retinol (ROL), were tested for their ability to induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells in vitro and to affect cell growth and viability during a 24- to 72-h incubation period. Differentiation was assessed by measuring the percentage of cells expressing the Mac-1 antigen on their cell surfaces. RA and the conjugates of RA were all quite active in inducing HL-60 cell differentiation, whereas ROL and ROGL had much less activity at equimolar concentrations. beta RAG, alpha RAG, RADS, and RAD were less toxic, whereas the glucose conjugates of retinol and retinoic acid (ROGL and RAGL) were both considerably more toxic than either RA or ROL at equimolar concentrations. All retinoids affected cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion. At 24 h, free RA or ROL was not detected in the cells after incubation with any of the retinoid conjugates.
Increased intrahepatic and circulating levels of endoglin, a TGF‐β1 co‐receptor, in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: relationship to histological and serum markers of hepatic fibrosis (2006)

Endoglin, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 co-receptor, has been associated with renal and cutaneous fibrosis, as overexpression of this protein has been observed in biopsies from patients with glomerulosclerosis and scleroderma, respectively. Our aim was to evaluate whether endoglin may be associated with hepatic fibrosis featuring chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Fifty-two anti-HCV+ patients, five anti-HCV- patients and 27 healthy subjects were studied. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify the expression levels of endoglin and TGF-beta1 in liver biopsy samples, and serum concentrations of endoglin and hyaluronic acid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In patients with advanced fibrosis, intrahepatic expression levels of endoglin and TGF-beta1 were significantly higher than those in patients with early fibrosis (mean: 3- and 5.8-fold, respectively) and normal liver (mean: 3.9- and 12-fold, respectively). Interestingly, activated hepatic stellate cells as well as portal and septal myofibroblasts expressed endoglin. Serum levels of endoglin were also significantly higher in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with early fibrosis (55.5 +/- 1.6 vs 47.5 +/- 0.9 ng/mL, P < 0.001), showing a positive correlation with serum hyaluronic acid concentrations (r = 0.57, P = 0.01). In conclusion, increased intrahepatic endoglin and TGF-beta1 expression is significantly associated with progressive hepatic fibrosis in chronic HCV infection. Circulating endoglin levels are elevated in HCV patients showing a significant correlation with histological and serum markers of hepatic fibrosis. These data suggest an active role for endoglin in the fibrotic process featuring chronic HCV infection.
Long‐term (48 weeks) effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of erenumab in the prevention of high‐frequency episodic and chronic migraine in a real world: Results of the EARLY 2 study (2021)

Long-term (48-week) erenumab treatment provides sustained effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in real-life patients with HFEM or CM with ≥3 prior preventive treatment failures. The dose of 140 mg was required in most patients along the study and should be taken into consideration as the starting dose. Allodynia (in HFEM), male sex, and baseline migraine frequency (in CM) might represent positive responsiveness predictors. Conversely, psychiatric comorbidities and multiple prior preventive treatment failures could be negative predictors in patients with CM.
Sulfinamide Synthesis Using Organometallic Reagents, DABSO, and Amines (2020)

We report the synthesis of sulfinamides using organometallic reagents, a sulfur dioxide reagent, and nitrogen based-nucleophiles. The addition of an organometallic reagent to the commercially available sulfur dioxide surrogate, DABSO, generates a metal sulfinate which is reacted with thionyl chloride to form a sulfinyl chloride intermediate. Trapping the sulfinyl chlorides in situ with a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles delivers sulfinamides in 32-83% yields. Each stage of the process is performed at room temperature, and the total reaction time is only 1.5 h.
Similarity induced group sparsity for non-negative matrix factorisation (2015)

Non-negative matrix factorisations are used in several branches of signal processing and data analysis for separation and classification. Sparsity constraints are commonly set on the model to promote discovery of a small number of dominant patterns. In group sparse models, atoms considered to belong to a consistent group are permitted to activate together, while activations across groups are suppressed, reducing the number of simultaneously active sources or other structures. Whereas most group sparse models require explicit division of atoms into separate groups without addressing their mutual relations, we propose a constraint that permits dynamic relationships between atoms or groups, based on any defined distance measure. The resulting solutions promote approximation with components considered similar to each other. Evaluation results are shown for speech enhancement and noise robust speech and speaker recognition.
Acoustic propagation across a roughened fluid-fluid interface II (1998)

New data from a laboratory experiment described at a previous meeting of the ASA [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 3216 (1997)] are presented. Surface roughness effects on transmission of sound into ocean sediments are studied using a tank containing two immiscible fluids (vegetable oil over glycerin) with polystyrene beads floated at the interface. This allows roughness induced transmission effects to be modeled without interference from effects caused by other sediment properties (e.g., poroelasticity, shear rigidity, etc.). Data analyses indicate significant penetration of acoustic energy at grazing angles below critical as predicted by researchers at APL-UW [e.g., K. L. Williams and D. R. Jackson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 2702 (1996)]. When the data is ensemble averaged over bead distribution and analyzed with incoherent processing methods, this energy is observed to propagate down with an apparent speed about 20% slower than the sound speed of glycerin and at angles about 20o−40o from the interface. However, without ensemble averaging (i.e., pings acquired with a static bead distribution) no consistent propagation angle or speed results, whether using coherent or incoherent processing methods. These results agree qualitatively with simple computer simulations. [Work supported by ONR.]
A language modeling approach to entity recognition and disambiguation for search queries (2014)

The Entity Recognition and Disambiguation (ERD) problem refers to the task of recognizing mentions of entities in a given query string, disambiguating them, and mapping them to entities in a given Knowledge Base(KB). If there are multiple ways to interpret the query, then an ERD system is supposed to group candidate entity annotations into consistent interpretations.
FES Control Design for Paraplegia Using Indoor Rrowing Machine (2009)

Andrews et. al. developed an indoor rowing system for paraplegia using functional electrical stimulation (FES), and presented that the system was safe and healthy for paraplegia. However, the system would be better if the following three terms are improved: Firstly, only quadriceps and hamstrings in both thighs are activated by FES. Secondly, in order to switch FES, it is required to push periodically manual on-off FES switches set on a handle bar at effective timing in every rowing cycle. That might lead to fail to operate switches. Thirdly, constant FES intensity is used, which causes early muscles fatigues and strong pains. This paper describes the following improvements for the system: Firstly, by using gastrocnemius in calf and anterior tibialis in shank in addition, rowing speed is raised. Secondly, switching FES on and off is automated, which avoid failure to operate switches. Thirdly, the intensity for FES is adjusted automatically, which lead to relieve early fatigues and pains.
An Efficient Geometry-Constrained Location Estimation Algorithm for NLOS Environments (2005)

Mobile location estimation has attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years. The network-based location estimation schemes have been widely adopted based on the radio signals between the mobile device and the base stations. The two-step least square (LS) method has been studied in related research to provide efficient location estimation of the mobile devices. However, the algorithm results in inaccurate location estimation with the existence of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors. A geometry-constrained location estimation (GLE) algorithm is proposed in this paper with the consideration of different geometric layouts between the mobile device and its associated base stations. In order to enhance the precision of the location estimate, the GLE scheme is designed to incorporate the geometric constraints within the formulation of the two-step LS method. The proposed GLE scheme can both preserve the computational efficiency from the two-step LS algorithm and obtain precise location estimation under NLOS environments. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed GLE algorithm can achieve better accuracy, comparing with other existing schemes, in mobile location estimation.
Uncommon Flaps for Chest Wall Reconstruction (2011)

The omentum, external oblique musculocutaneous, and thoracoepigastric flaps are uncommonly used for chest wall reconstruction. Nevertheless, awareness and knowledge of these flaps is essential for reconstructive surgeons because they fill specific niche indications or serve as lifeboats when workhorse flaps are unavailable. The current report describes the anatomic basis, technical aspects of flap elevation, and indications for these unusual flaps.