gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of blend of canola oil and palm oil on nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, rumen fermentation and fatty acids in goats (2015)

The study examined the effects of blend of 80% canola oil and 20% palm oil (BCPO) on nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, rumen fermentation and fatty acids (FA) in goats. Twenty-four Boer bucks were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 and 8% BCPO on a dry matter basis, fed for 100 days and slaughtered. Diet did not affect feed efficiency, growth performance, intake and digestibility of all nutrients except ether extract. Intakes and digestibilities of ether extract, unsaturated fatty acids (FA) and total FA were higher (P < 0.05) while digestibility of C18:0 was lower (P < 0.05) in oil-fed goats than the control goats. Total volatile FA, acetate, butyrate, acetate/propionate ratio and methane decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing BCPO but propionate, NH3 -N and rumen pH did not differ between diets. Ruminal concentration of C18:0, n-3 FA and total FA increased (P < 0.05) while C12:0, C14:0, C15:0 and n-6 FA decreased with increasing BCPO. Analysis of the FA composition of Triceps brachii muscle showed that concentrations of C16:0, C14:0 and C18:2n-6 were lower (P < 0.05) while C18:1n-9, C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3 were higher in oil-fed goats compared with control goats. Dietary BCPO altered muscle lipids without having detrimental effects on nutrient intake and digestibility and growth performance in goats.
Synthesis and carcinogenic activity of oxidized benzacridines: potential metabolites of the strong carcinogen 7-methylbenz[c]acridine and of the inactive isomer 12-methylbenz[a]acridine (1983)

The synthesis of 15 compounds related either to the benz[c]acridine or to the benz[a]acridine series is reported. Spectral data, i.e., NMR and EI fragmentation, are given. These compounds were tested for carcinogenic activity in mice of the XVIInc/Z strain by subcutaneous injection. Only three weak carcinogens were detected, 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-12-methylbenz[a]acridine, 3-methoxy-7-methylbenz[c]acridine, and 4-acetoxy-7-methylbenz[c]acridine. These results are discussed with consideration to the data previously obtained with other benzacridines and condensed quinolines.
Architecture for Protecting Critical Secrets in Microprocessors (2005)

We propose "secret-protected (SP)" architecture to enable secure and convenient protection of critical secrets for a given user in an on-line environment. Keys are examples of critical secrets, and key protection and management is a fundamental problem - often assumed but not solved /sup n/derlying the use of cryptographic protection of sensitive files, messages, data and programs. SP-processors contain a minimalist set of architectural features that can be built into a general-purpose microprocessor to provide protection of critical secrets and their computations, without expensive or inconvenient auxiliary hardware. SP-architecture also requires a trusted software module, a few modifications to the operating system, a secure I/O path to the user, and a secure installation process. Unique aspects of our architecture include: decoupling of user secrets from the devices, enabling users to securely access their keys from different networked computing devices; the use of symmetric master keys rather than more costly public-private key pairs; and the avoidance of any permanent or factory-installed device secrets.
Reinforced Cytotoxicity of Lymphokine‐activated Killer Cells toward Glioma Cells by Transfection of the Killer Cells with the γ‐Interferon Gene (1995)

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with recombinant interleukin-2 were transfected with the human gamma-interferon (HuIFN-gamma) gene by means of liposomes having a positive charge on their surface. The cells secreted significant amounts of HuIFN-gamma (reaching more than 5 U/ml) into the culture medium. The HuIFN-gamma produced by the cells induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and enhanced the expression of Fas antigen on the surface of human glioma cells. Also, LAK cells transfected with HuIFN-gamma gene exhibited reinforcement of cytotoxicity toward human glioma cell lines (U251-MG and SK-MG-1). Furthermore, the reinforcement was significantly quenched by anti-ICAM-1 and/or anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody.
Analysis of Double‐stranded Polymerase Chain Reaction Products from the Bacillus cereus Group by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (1996)

The analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products by electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR) has been achieved. Specifically, a 105 base-pair nucleotide portion of the ribosomal spacer region was amplified in two members of the B. cereus group (i.e. B. thuringiensis and B. cereus) using PCR. These amplified regions were then analyzed by gel electrophoresis and ESI-FTICR. Based on the predicted sequence of the PCR products for each organism, the mass measurement using ESI-FTICR matched the theoretical mass within experimental error and was consistent with gel electrophoresis results. In contrast, for the typical several hour time-scale of the gel electrophoresis experiment, the mass spectrometric analysis was completed in a matter of minutes. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report demonstrating the ionization and detection of a double-stranded PCR product by ESI-MS. This preliminary result indicates the potential use of ESI-MS to analyze PCR products on a rapid time-scale, with potential for medical and taxonomic applications.
Abstract 2375: Concurrent HER or PI3K inhibition potentiates the anti-tumor effect of ERK inhibitor BVD-523 (ulixertinib) in preclinical pancreatic cancer models (2018)

Abstract To date, effective treatments for inoperable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain elusive. Targeting KRAS, the gene that is mutated in &amp;gt;95% of PDAC, is a heavily pursued strategy, but unsuccessful in the clinic. Therefore, targeting key effector cascades of KRAS oncoprotein, particularly the mitogenic RAF-MEK-ERK represents the next best strategy. However, RAF or MEK inhibitors have not shown promising clinical efficacy in PDAC. Several studies have shown that cancer cells treated with RAF or MEK inhibitors adopt multiple mechanisms to re-activate ERK signaling. Therefore, development of ERK-specific inhibitors carries the promise to effectively abrogate this pathway. BVD-523 (ulixertinib) is a first-in-class ERK-specific inhibitor that has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in clinical trials. In this study, we showed that BVD-523 effectively inhibits transformed growth of multiple PDAC lines and potentiates the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine. Moreover, using reverse-phase protein array analysis, we identified potential mechanisms by which PDAC cells may adopt to tolerate ERK inhibition. On this basis, we proposed and tested two rational combinatorial approaches with BVD-523 that showed promising preclinical efficacy in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Overall, we provide the first evidence that PDAC cells may readily adapt to pharmacologic ERK inhibition, and provide combinatorial therapeutic strategies that could benefit patients. Citation Format: Hongmei Jiang, Mai Xu, Lin Li, Maureen Highkin, Daoxiang Zhang, Qiong Li, Andrea Wang-Gillam, Kian-Huat Lim. Concurrent HER or PI3K inhibition potentiates the anti-tumor effect of ERK inhibitor BVD-523 (ulixertinib) in preclinical pancreatic cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2375.
Excitement in f Block: Structure, Dynamics and Function of Nine‐Coordinate Chiral Lanthanoid Complexes in Aqueous Media (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gene expression analysis of primordial shoot explants collected from mature white spruce (Picea glauca) trees that differ in their responsiveness to somatic embryogenesis induction (2017)

Within a plantation of clonal somatic embryo-derived white spruce trees that belonged to four genotypes, one genotype (G6) has consistently responded for the last 16 years, to the induction of somatic embryogenesis within primordial shoot explants. Analysis of fourteen individuals within this genotype subsequently revealed a group of clonal trees that were nonresponsive. This in turn provided a unique opportunity to conduct differential gene expression analysis in the absence of genotype-specific factors. Absolute qPCR was first used to expand the analysis of several genes previously identified via microarray analysis to be differentially expressed during SE induction, along with the inclusion of two nonresponsive genotypes. While this demonstrated a high level of repeatability within, and between, responsive and nonresponsive genotypes, it did not support our previous contention that an adaptive stress response plays a role in SE induction responsiveness, at least with respect to the candidate genes we analyzed. RNAseq analysis was then used to compare responsive and nonresponsive G6 primordial shoots during the somatic embryogenesis induction treatment. Although not analyzed in this study, this included samples of callus and embryonal masses previously generated from G6 explants. In addition to revealing a large number of differentially expressed genes, de novo assembly of unmapped reads was used to generate over 25,000 contigs that potentially represent previously unidentified transcripts. This included a MADS-domain gene that was found to be the most highly differentially expressed gene within responsive shoot explants during the first seven days of the induction treatment.
Functional Consequences of the Human Cardiac Troponin I Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation R145G in Transgenic Mice (2008)

In this study, we addressed the functional consequences of the human cardiac troponin I (hcTnI) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy R145G mutation in transgenic mice. Simultaneous measurements of ATPase activity and force in skinned papillary fibers from hcTnI R145G transgenic mice (Tg-R145G) versus hcTnI wild type transgenic mice (Tg-WT) showed a significant decrease in the maximal Ca(2+)-activated force without changes in the maximal ATPase activity and an increase in the Ca(2+) sensitivity of both ATPase and force development. No difference in the cross-bridge turnover rate was observed at the same level of cross-bridge attachment (activation state), showing that changes in Ca(2+) sensitivity were not due to changes in cross-bridge kinetics. Energy cost calculations demonstrated higher energy consumption in Tg-R145G fibers compared with Tg-WT fibers. The addition of 3 mm 2,3-butanedione monoxime at pCa 9.0 showed that there was approximately 2-4% of force generating cross-bridges attached in Tg-R145G fibers compared with less than 1.0% in Tg-WT fibers, suggesting that the mutation impairs the ability of the cardiac troponin complex to fully inhibit cross-bridge attachment under relaxing conditions. Prolonged force and intracellular [Ca(2+)] transients in electrically stimulated intact papillary muscles were observed in Tg-R145G compared with Tg-WT. These results suggest that the phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most likely caused by the compensatory mechanisms in the cardiovascular system that are activated by 1) higher energy cost in the heart resulting from a significant decrease in average force per cross-bridge, 2) slowed relaxation (diastolic dysfunction) caused by prolonged [Ca(2+)] and force transients, and 3) an inability of the cardiac TnI to completely inhibit activation in the absence of Ca(2+) in Tg-R145G mice.
High Sensitive Electrochemical Nitrite Sensor Using Fe2O3/MoS2 Nanocomposites Synthesized by Facile Method (2020)

Abstract An amperometric nitrite sensor is fabricated using Fe2O3/MoS2 (FM) nanocomposites synthesized by solution mixing process. Structural properties of the nanocomposite are studied by XRD analysis. Morphological studies by HRTEM analysis reveal the formation of nanocomposite comprising Fe2O3 nanoplates on MoS2 nanosheets. The composition of the nanocomposite has been studied by EDX analysis. The fabricated amperometric sensor can be used for a wide range of sensing from 10 µM–10 mM with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 µM. The high sensitivity (310 µA mM−1 cm−2), high stability and low interference of FM nanocomposites demonstrate that the prepared composite is a promising material for nitrite sensing in drinking water.
Challenges in IR optics (2001)

Unlike visible optics, infrared optics and optical systems pose some unique challenges. From the materials typically used for IR systems to cold stops to thermal behavior, many differences exist for the designer, manufacturer, and user of IR components and systems. Even testing IR systems can be an issue, since the eye is not sensitive to these wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. This paper will attempt an overview of some of the unique issues associated with infrared systems and is not intended as a complete reference for infrared optical systems. The sited references contain substantial additional information on these and other subjects related to optical and infrared systems.
Formal Models for Concurrent Communicating Systems (1991)

This report was originally written to fulfill in part the requirements of the author's WPE examinations, part of the qualifying examinations for the University of Pennsylvania'a Computer Science Ph.D program. The report first introduces CCS and uses it to illustrate various features of established methods of modelling concurrent, communicating systems. The report then goes on to describe and investigate two new models for such systems: The Chemical Abstract Machine, a simple yet predominant in most models for such systems; and the π-calculus, a calculus similar in many respects to CCS, but able to model mobile processes and other, more difficult phenomena.
Evaluating polymer‐coated fertilizer prototypes designed for planting along with maize seed (2020)

Abstract Side‐dress N is a management strategy in maize ( Zea Mays L.) production that can increase yield, reduce N leaching, and increase the probability that N remains post‐flowering. This management adds cost, is time‐sensitive, and can be difficult due to field shape and topography. A plantable, polymer‐coated urea N bead of two sizes and two coating thicknesses was developed and field tested across multiple locations during 2015–2017 as a replacement to side‐dress application. Locations differed in previous crop history and the initial N rates applied prior to treatments. Bead performance varied among locations but averaged 0.3 Mg ha −1 compared to an uncoated control or in‐season urea‐ammonium‐nitrate (UAN) application. Bead application increased yield 0.8 Mg ha −1 when rainfall exceeded 225 mm between planting and R1 (silk appearance) but did not improve yield when rainfall was &lt;125 mm. Nitrogen release from the bead was described by a thermal time function. A common exponential decay function was not adequate to describe the release of N across all locations indicating variation in release of N among locations driven by factors other than soil temperature. Slow‐release, polymer‐coated fertilizer, placed near the seed at planting, provides the option to apply supplemental N at planting, followed by N release later in the season, eliminating the need for in‐season applications. Further research is needed to more closely match coating thickness and N release to crop N demand consistently across locations and development of equipment to enable one‐pass seed planting and N application operations.
Effect of inbreeding on lean meat percentage and average daily gain in Hungarian Landrace pigs (2008)

Abstract. Pedigree and field test data – collected between 1994–2005 – were analyzed in a group of 132,548 Hungarian Landrace pigs. The analysed traits were average daily gain (ADG) and lean meat percentage (LMP). In the present study inbreeding coefficients, pedigree completeness (complete generation equivalents) and inbreeding depression for ADG and LMP were estimated. Increasing the number of generations that were considered in the pedigree the estimated inbreeding coefficients did not change after the 5th generation, but pedigree completeness was continuously increased. The estimated inbreeding depression for ADG and LMP were different applying 40 different models but the magnitude of the differences was small. The model comparison showed that the models containing litter and year-month effects had the best fit (smallest mean squared error). Increasing the inbreeding coefficient by 10 % decreased ADG by 4.01 g and practically did not affect LMP (0.003 %). It can be concluded that the estimated inbreeding depression was small and substantial depression can not be expected in the near future. However, the low level of inbreeding of the studied population can partly be explained by the short pedigrees. This suggests that Hungarian pig breeders may often import breeding animals or carry out herd replacements rather than applying continuous within group selection.
Vertical Chip-to-Chip Coupling Using Silicon Strip Waveguide Cantilever Couplers (2011)

We demonstrate vertical chip-to-chip light coupling using silicon strip waveguide cantilever couplers. A chip-to-chip coupling loss of 2.5 dB per connection is measured for TE polarization at 1550 nm wavelength.
El deterioro del medio ambiente: algunas cuestiones básicas desde una perspectiva económica (2014)

La pretension de este trabajo es poner de relieve, a modo de sintesis, las principales cuestiones que, desde una perspectiva economica, se suscitan en la actualidad en relacion con el deterioro del medio ambiente. Partiendo de la importancia del objetivo de la preservacion del equilibrio medioambiental, y teniendo en cuenta las preocupantes consecuencias que se derivan de las tendencias observadas, segun acredita la evidencia cientifica disponible, se realiza una reflexion en torno a los problemas y retos planteados, y se resenan posibles lineas de actuacion para frenar el proceso observado.
Adrenalectomy reverses stress-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in long-term ovariectomized rats (1994)

An inhibitory effect of stress on reproductive function is well established. This inhibition involves activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which leads to a suppression of LH secretion. It has been proposed that this suppression is mediated by a direct effect of CRF that is independent of glucocorticoid actions. We tested this proposition by examining plasma LH levels in adult rats that were both ovariectomized (OVX) and adrenalectomized (ADX). Each animal was surgically implanted with an indwelling atrial cannula and exposed to intermittent foot shock for 100 min. Blood samples were drawn just prior to putting the animals into the test cage and then at 20-min intervals. Results revealed normal castrate levels of plasma LH in both ADX and ADX/OVX animals prior to shock. A significant shock-induced suppression of LH was observed in OVX animals within 20 min after the onset of shock and remained throughout the duration of the session. In contrast, no evidence was obtained for a suppression of LH in OVX/ADX animals at any time point. Additional studies demonstrated a marked suppression of LH in experimentally naive OVX/ADX females implanted with corticosterone capsules for 2 weeks prior to blood sampling. Overall, these results support a primary role for glucocorticoid actions in the stress-induced inhibition of reproductive function.
Biomedical fiber optics-latest trends in high resolution imaging for medical diagnostics applications (2013)

Imaging and sensing technology that exploits the properties of optical fibers have taken a giant leap in the recent past with the advent of compact LEDs, diode lasers and tuneable coherent lasers as well as supercontinum light sources. Many of the devices employed series of tubes and reflecting mirrors with varying degrees of freedom to form an articulated arm during the early stages of medical diagnostics using optical concepts. Such early devices were cumbersome to use and posed many challenges. With the introduction of endoscope concepts, diagnostic and even surgical procedures have moved towards minimally invasive leading to the no-hole concepts. Such approaches for diagnostics and post operative procedures can actually reduce hospitalisation time, post –operative pain and better treatment care for clinicians. To meet this, a variety of complex methodologies or instruments and concepts have been developed by researchers by combining the properties of light with normal and specialty optical fibers for many diagnostics and sensing applications. This research presentation in this context is dedicated to these aspects of fiber optics and waveguide concepts in this challenging area of biomedical fibre optics. A detailed account of multi-modality imaging and sensing, resolution criteria and system integration and methodologies based on the recent works carried out by the author’s group targeting early diagnosis of colon and breast cancers and imaging of angle closure in glaucoma patients also will be reviewed. This research is supported by (i) ARC (MOE), (ii) NMRC under the NIG09nov001 & NTU (MAE)-SERI RCA R752/36/2010, and (iii) ASTAR-SERC Biography Dr. Murukeshan Vadakke Matham is currently the Deputy Director of Centre for Optical & Laser Engineering (COLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He leads a research group in the areas of Biomedical Optics, Nanoscale Optics, and Applied Optics. He has published over 240 international journal and conference proceedings papers, 6 book chapters, holds 5 patents. He is the Associate Editor of (i) Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, and International Journal of Optomechatronics, and (iii) Editor–in-chief of the Journal of Holography and Speckle. He has so far given over 35 key note/plenary/invited talks at international conferences/workshops. mmurukeshan@ntu.edu.sg
Effects of Crab Cavitiy Multipoles on JLEIC Ion Ring Dynamic Aperture (2017)

We study the effects of crab cavity multipole fields on the beam dynamic aperture of the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider (JLEIC) ion ring. Crab cavities are needed to compensate for luminosity loss due to a 50 mrad crossing angle at the interaction point. New compact crab cavity designs are interesting as they do not require considerable space in the ring but their non-linear field needs to be well understood. In this contribution, we study the impact of field multipoles on the beam dynamic aperture and report tolerance values for crab cavity multipoles.