gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the Distribution Theory to Simultaneously Calibrate the Sensors of a Mobile Robot (2009)

Abstract—This paper introduces a simple and very efficient strategy to extrinsically calibrate a bearing sensor (e.g. a camera) mounted on a mobile robot and simultaneously estimate the parameters describing the systematic error of the robot odometry system. The paper provides two contributions. The first one is the analytical computation to derive the part of the system which is observable when the robot accomplishes circular trejectories. This computation consists in performing a local decomposition of the system, based on the theory of distributions. In this respect, this paper represents the first application of the distribution theory in the frame-work of mobile robotics. Then, starting from this decomposition, a method to efficiently estimate the parameters describing both the extrinsic bearing sensor calibration and the odometry calibration is derived (second contribution). Simulations and experiments with the robot e-Puck equipped with encoder sensors and a camera validate the approach. I.
Insufficient glucose supply is linked to hypothermia upon cold exposure in high-fat diet-fed mice lacking PEMT (2015)

Mice that lack phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Pemt(-/-) mice) are protected from high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. HF-fed Pemt(-/-) mice show higher oxygen consumption and heat production, indicating that more energy might be utilized for thermogenesis and might account for the resistance to diet-induced weight gain. To test this hypothesis, HF-fed Pemt(-/-) and Pemt(+/+) mice were challenged with acute cold exposure at 4°C. Unexpectedly, HF-fed Pemt(-/-) mice developed hypothermia within 3 h of cold exposure. In contrast, chow-fed Pemt(-/-) mice, possessing similar body mass, maintained body temperature. Lack of PEMT did not impair the capacity for thermogenesis in skeletal muscle or brown adipose tissue. Plasma catecholamines were not altered by Pemt genotype, and stimulation of lipolysis was intact in brown and white adipose tissue of Pemt(-/-) mice. HF-fed Pemt(-/-) mice also developed higher systolic blood pressure, accompanied by reduced cardiac output. Choline supplementation reversed the cold-induced hypothermia in HF-fed Pemt(-/-) mice with no effect on blood pressure. Plasma glucose levels were ∼50% lower in HF-fed Pemt(-/-) mice compared with Pemt(+/+) mice. Choline supplementation normalized plasma hypoglycemia and the expression of proteins involved in gluconeogenesis. We propose that cold-induced hypothermia in HF-fed Pemt(-/-) mice is linked to plasma hypoglycemia due to compromised hepatic glucose production.
Age and Vascular Burden Determinants of Cortical Hemodynamics Underlying Verbal Fluency (2015)

Based on these findings, one might hypothesize that increased fronto-parietal processing may represent age-related compensatory reorganization during increased cognitive demands. Vascular burden factors, such as hypertension, may contribute to regional cerebral hypoperfusion. These neural and vascular hemodynamic determinants should be investigated longitudinally and combined with other markers to advance the prediction of future cognitive decline and dementia.
A Novel Approach to High-Throughput Quality Control of Parallel Synthesis Libraries (2000)

Combinatorial chemistry is a powerful tool to enhance drug discovery efforts in the pharmaceutical industry. One type of combinatorial chemistry, parallel synthesis, is now widely used to prepare numerous compounds of structural diversity. A novel high-throughput method for quality control of parallel synthesis libraries has been developed. The method uses flow injection MS, for proof of structure and estimation of purity, and a novel direct injection CLND technique for quantitation of amount. Following the synthesis of a small molecule library, compounds analyzed using this technique were characterized by mass spectrometry, and an accurate concentration of the compound was assessed by CLND. Characterization of one compound is completed in 60 s, allowing for up to 1000 compounds to be analyzed in a single day. The data is summarized using pass/fail criteria using internally developed software.
An easy “SteamDrop” method for high quality plant chromosome preparation (2014)

The SteamDrop procedure provides a robust and routine method for high quality plant chromosome preparations. The method can be applied for metaphase as well as pachytene chromosome preparation in wide range of species. The chromosomes prepared by SteamDrop are well suitable for repetitive and unique DNA visualization.
Gibt es MRT-Veränderungen im Gehirn von Kindern mit Hypertyrosinämie Typ I/Typ II? (2012)

Zielsetzung: Bei Patienten mit Hypertyrosinämie (HT) Typ I und II sind neurologische Beeinträchtigungen und mentale Retardierung bekannt. Es wird postuliert, dass dies durch neurotoxische Effekte des chronisch erhöhten Tyrosin verursacht wird. Seit der Einführung von NTBC (2-(2-Nitro-4-Trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-Cyclohexanedion) in der Behandlung von HT I ist die Erhöhung des Plasmakonzentration von Tyrosin häufig. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, ggfs. vorhandene strukturelle Veränderungen des Gehirns mittels MRT zu detektieren und zu überprüfen, ob sich die erhöhte Tyrosinkonzentration mittels Spektroskopie darstellen lässt..
Innate Immune Responses to Human Malaria: Heterogeneous Cytokine Responses to Blood-Stage Plasmodium falciparum Correlate with Parasitological and Clinical Outcomes (2006)

Taking advantage of a sporozoite challenge model established to evaluate the efficacy of new malaria vaccine candidates, we have explored the kinetics of systemic cytokine responses during the prepatent period of Plasmodium falciparum infection in 18 unvaccinated, previously malaria-naive subjects, using a highly sensitive, bead-based multiplex assay, and relate these data to peripheral parasite densities as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. These data are complemented with the analysis of cytokine production measured in vitro from whole blood or PBMC, stimulated with P. falciparum-infected RBC. We found considerable qualitative and quantitative interindividual variability in the innate responses, with subjects falling into three groups according to the strength of their inflammatory response. One group secreted moderate levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10, but no detectable IL-12p70. A second group produced detectable levels of circulating IL-12p70 and developed very high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10. The third group failed to up-regulate any significant proinflammatory responses, but showed the highest levels of TGF-beta. Proinflammatory responses were associated with more rapid control of parasite growth but only at the cost of developing clinical symptoms, suggesting that the initial innate response may have far-reaching consequences on disease outcome. Furthermore, the in vitro observations on cytokine kinetics presented here, suggest that intact schizont-stage infected RBC can trigger innate responses before rupture of the infected RBC.
Spontaneous Reporting on Adverse Events by Consumers in the United States: An Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database (2018)

Our analysis of voluntary AE reports in the US FAERS database has shown that voluntary reports tended to include AEs related to subjective symptoms, as in some previous studies on patient reporting in the EU. Voluntary reports by consumers seemed to be different from ones by healthcare professionals in important aspects including demographics and reporting behaviors. These findings suggest that the heterogeneities should be addressed appropriately in using spontaneous reports.
On Random High Density Subset Sums (2005)

The activity of NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent deacetylase Sir2, originally discovered in yeast, is known to be essential for effective longevity. The relationship between Sir2 and lifespan in Daphnia pulex was investigated by cloning and analysis the full-length 1901 bp cDNA. The Sir2 protein includes several zinc finger active sites and two readily hydrolysable low-complexity SD-rich regions. The three-domain structure of Sir2 has a distinct crevice that plays an important regulatory role in the binding of NAD<sup>+</sup>. D. pulex Sir2 shares 90% amino acid sequence identity with Sir2 from D. pulicaria, 89% with D. magna Sir2, 40% with Mus musculus Sir2, and 39% with the Homo sapiens protein. Expression of Sir2 mRNA was measured at 1, 10, 15, 20,25, 30 and 35 days by real-time PCR (p < .05), and was lowest at 1 day and highest at 20 days (p < .05), after which expression decreased with age. In situ hybridisation showed that Sir2 mRNA was expressed in the chest, the first and second antennae, and the gonadal gland in D. pulex. A Sir2 gene fragment was amplified by PCR, ligated into the pEASY-Blunt vector, and recombinant Sir2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was used as antigen to immunise rabbits, and antiserum was successfully purified using the protein A method, yielding a Sir2 polyclonal antibody. Western blotting showed that Sir2 is expressed at a 69 kDa protein in D. pulex, in accordance with the predicted value. Sir2 protein abundance increased gradually with age, but remained unchanged after 25 days.
Methodology for thermal evaluation of multichip modules (1995)

Multichip modules provide shorter interconnection lengths between the chips, higher speeds and lower costs. This higher system performance is the driving force for advances in MCM packaging technology. A potential limitation is the ability to remove heat from these packages. With higher chip densities, the thermal management of multichip modules poses a real challenge to the package manufacturer. There is a need to define the junction-to-ambient and junction-to-case thermal resistances for multichip modules in a more rigorous manner while reducing the number of thermal tests needed to evaluate an MCM and provide information to predict junction temperatures under arbitrary powering up of the individual dice. For high reliability, it is critical that maximum specified operating junction temperatures are not exceeded. Experiments were performed for nonuniform powering up of an MCM mounted on a vertical board in natural and forced convection. The package tested was a 208-lead Amkor PMCM. The average chip temperature due to multiple sources within the module was considered as the reference temperature for evaluating the junction temperature rise of the particular chip. The concept of superposition of temperatures was found to capture the effect of the background heating of the chip due to its neighbors as well as the individual power dissipation from the chip in question. This approach offers a more refined methodology for evaluation of nonuniformly powered multichip modules compared to previous methods.
Biosynthesis of Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (hGRH) in the Pituitary of hGRH Transgenic Mice* (1991)

We have studied the posttranslational processing of prohuman GH-releasing hormone (pro-hGRH) to the mature hormones, hGRH(1-44)-NH2 and hGRH(1-40)-OH, and its carboxyl-terminal peptide (hGCTP) in pituitary cells from transgenic mice bearing a metallothionein-hGRH fusion gene after incubation with [35S]methionine. After separation on HPLC, 35S-labeled and unlabeled hGRH in medium and cell extracts were characterized by RIA and immunoprecipitation with antisera against hGRH and against hGCTP. After a 4-h pulse, unlabeled and [35S]pro-hGRH, hGRH(1-44)-NH2, and hGRH(1-40)-OH were identified in medium and cell extracts by both RIA and immunoprecipitation with anti-hGRH serum. In cell extracts, after a 0.5-h pulse, [35S]pro-hGRH and hGRH(1-44)-NH2 but not [35S]hGRH(1-40)-OH were detectable. After a 0.5-h chase, however, 35S-labeled hGRH(1-40)-OH, pro-hGRH, and [35S]hGRH(1-44)-NH2 were all measurable. After a 4-h chase, comparable levels of [35S]hGRH(1-44)-NH2 and hGRH(1-40)-OH were present, and very little intracellular 35S-pro-hGRH remained. A progressive decrease in the ratio of immunoprecipitable pro-hGRH to mature hGRH peptides and an increase in the ratio of hGRH(1-40)-OH to hGRH(1-44)-NH2 was observed in the two chase periods. In medium, [35S]hGRH(1-44)-NH2 was detectable at all times, whereas only minimal amounts of [35S]hGRH(1-40)-OH were present. Labeled and unlabeled pro-hGRH in cell extracts was also detected with anti-hGCTP serum, and another peak, which coeluted with synthetic hGCTP, was also identified. The low molar ratio of intracellular immunoreactive hGCTP to hGRH (less than 0.02) suggests a more rapid turnover rate of hGCTP than of hGRH. These results demonstrate the processing of hGRH prohormone to both mature forms of hGRH and provide evidence that hGRH(1-40)-OH is derived from hGRH(1-44)-NH2.
Identification of different types of high-frequency defects in superconducting qubits (2021)

Parasitic two-level-system (TLS) defects are one of the major factors limiting the coherence times of superconducting qubits. Although there has been significant progress in characterizing basic parameters of TLS defects, exact mechanisms of interactions between a qubit and various types of TLS defects remained largely unexplored due to the lack of experimental techniques able to probe the form of qubit-defect couplings. Here we present an experimental method of TLS defect spectroscopy using a strong qubit drive that allowed us to distinguish between various types of qubit-defect interactions. By applying this method to a capacitively shunted flux qubit, we detected a rare type of TLS defect with a nonlinear qubit-defect coupling due to critical-current fluctuations, as well as conventional TLS defects with a linear coupling to the qubit caused by charge fluctuations. The presented approach could become the routine method for high-frequency defect inspection and quality control in superconducting qubit fabrication, providing essential feedback for fabrication process optimization. The reported method is a powerful tool to uniquely identify the type of noise fluctuations caused by TLS defects, enabling the development of realistic noise models relevant to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing and fault-tolerant quantum control.
PHA-4/Foxa is essential and specific for dietary restriction induced longevity in C. elegans (2010)

Dietary Restriction (DR) and reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) are well known methods of lifespan extension in numerous species. The mechanism by which the response to DR is mediated is largely unknown, yet IIS mediated longevity is more well established. Our lab recently added to this knowledge with the characterization of SMK-1 as a co-regulator required for the forkhead transcription factor, DAF-16, mediated longevity (Wolff et al., 2006). Interestingly, decreased smk-1 also results in the suppression of DR-induced longevity, despite the daf- 16 independence of the DR pathway (Houthoofd et al., 2003). A screen of all existing forkhead transcription factors in C. elegans revealed a second forkhead, pha-4, capable of suppressing the long lifespan observed in animals with either a decreased feeding rate (eat-2 mutant animals) or bona fide DR conditions. pha-4 is specific to DR mediated longevity, as the long lifespans of ETC or IIS deficient animals are not affected by loss of pha-4. pha-4 appears regulated by DR not through sub-cellular localization, but through mRNA levels. The overexpression of daf-16 results in increased lifespan (Henderson and Johnson, 2001) and we find that the overexpression of pha- 4 has similar effects. Interestingly, longevity due to pha -4 overexpression is enhanced in daf-16(mu86) null mutant animals, suggesting a possible competition between the two transcription factors, or redundant functions. Use of a sid-1 rescue tissue-specific RNAi system reveals that pha- 4 expression is required in the intestine for DR longevity, but not in the neurons, muscle, or hypodermis. The discovery of pha-4 as a specific mediator of DR, but not other longevity pathways, provides an important tool for the further identification of genes in the DR pathway and possible mechanisms underlying DR-induced longevity
Solution‐Processed Ti3C2Tx MXene Antennas for Radio‐Frequency Communication (2020)

Highly integrated, flexible, and ultrathin wireless communication components are in significant demand due to the explosive growth of portable and wearable electronic devices in the fifth-generation (5G) network era, but only conventional metals meet the requirements for emerging radio-frequency (RF) devices so far. Here, it is reported on Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> MXene microstrip transmission lines with low-energy attenuation and patch antennas with high-power radiation at frequencies from 5.6 to 16.4 GHz. The radiation efficiency of a 5.5 µm thick MXene patch antenna manufactured by spray-coating from aqueous solution reaches 99% at 16.4 GHz, which is about the same as that of a standard 35 µm thick copper patch antenna at about 15% of its thickness and 7% of the copper weight. MXene outperforms all other materials evaluated for patch antennas to date. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an MXene patch antenna array with integrated feeding circuits on a conformal surface has comparable performance with that of a copper antenna array at 28 GHz, which is a target frequency in practical 5G applications. The versatility of MXene antennas in wide frequency ranges coupled with the flexibility, scalability, and ease of solution processing makes MXene promising for integrated RF components in various flexible electronic devices.
Chlorodiethylborane (2001)

[5314-83-0] C4H10BCl (MW 104.39) InChI = 1S/C4H10BCl/c1-3-5(6)4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 InChIKey = PRJQLUNGZQZONS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for the synthesis of organoboranes;1 protection of sugars;2 cleavage of strained ethers;3 component of polymerization catalysts4) Physical Data: bp 81 °C. Solubility: sol diethyl ether, THF, pentane, benzene. Preparative Methods: chlorodiethylborane is conveniently prepared by the redistribution reaction of triethylborane and boron trichloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetraethyldiborane.5 The product is isolated by distillation in 98% yield. Other methods are also known,6-8 e.g. 10B-labelled chlorodiethylborane is obtained by the reaction of 10B-labelled triethylborane with antimony pentachloride.6 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: chlorodiethylborane is a colorless, mobile, thermally stable liquid. It is spontaneously flammable in air and should be handled and stored under nitrogen or argon. It reacts with alcohols and water.
Structural and mechanistic features of intermetallic materials for lithium batteries. (2000)

No abstract prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF THIONYL CHLORIDE FOR SULFURIZATION OF ACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS. DECHLORINATION OF α‐CHLOROSULFENYL CHLORIDES (1979)

Abstract In bekannter Weise erhält man aus Malonester bzw. Phenyl‐benzylketon mit Thionylchlorid die Chlor‐sulfenylchloride (Ia) und (Ib).
RNA‐Directed Packaging of Enzymes within Virus‐like Particles (2010)

Packaged molecular machines are available using dual expression vectors that guide the preparation of Qβ virus-like particles encapsulating multiple enzymes. Packaging is promoted by RNA aptamer sequences that bridge between the coat protein and a peptide tag fused to the desired cargo (see scheme). Peptidase E and luciferase were thus encapsulated and shown to be catalytically active inside the particle. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of crystals from the recombinantly expressed human major histocompatibility antigen HLA-B*2704 in complex with a viral peptide and with a self-peptide (2005)

The product of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene HLA-B*2704 differs from that of the prototypical subtype HLA-B*2705 by three amino acids at heavy-chain residues 77 (Ser instead of Asp), 152 (Glu instead of Val) and 211 (Gly instead of Ala). In contrast to the ubiquitous HLA-B*2705 subtype, HLA-B*2704 occurs only in orientals. Both subtypes are strongly associated with spondyloarthropathies and the peptides presented by these subtypes are suspected to play a role in disease pathogenesis. HLA-B*2704 was crystallized in complex with a viral peptide and with a self-peptide using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method with PEG as a precipitant. Both crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). Data sets were collected to 1.60 A (complex with the self-peptide pVIPR) or to 1.90 A (complex with the viral peptide pLMP2) resolution using synchrotron radiation. With HLA-B*2705 complexed with pVIPR as a search model, unambiguous molecular-replacement solutions were found for the complexes of HLA-B*2704 with both peptides.
Metabolic control and sex: A focus on inflammatory‐linked mediators (2019)

Men and women have many differing biological and physiological characteristics. Thus, it is no surprise that the control of metabolic processes and the mechanisms underlying metabolic-related diseases have sex-specific components. There is a clear metabolic sexual dimorphism in that up until midlife, men have a far greater likelihood of acquiring cardio-metabolic disease than women. Following menopause, however, this difference is reduced, suggestive of a protective role of the female sex hormones. Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease with human studies correlating metabolic disease acquisition or risk with levels of various inflammatory markers. Rodent studies employing genetic modifications or novel pharmacological approaches have provided mechanistic insight into the role of these inflammatory mediators. Sex differences impact inflammatory processes and the subsequent biological response. As a consequence, this may affect how inflammation alters metabolic processes between the sexes. Recently, some of our work in the field of inflammatory genes and metabolic control identified a sexual dimorphism in a preclinical model and caused us to question the frequency and scale of such findings in the literature. This review concentrates on inflammatory-related signalling in relation to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes and highlights the differences observed between males and females. Differences in the activation and signalling of various inflammatory genes and proteins present another reason why studying both male and female patients or animals is important in the context of understanding and finding therapeutics for metabolic-related disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
A Matching Based Heuristic for Scheduling Mass Transit Crews and Vehicles (1983)

In this paper, we describe a computerized procedure for scheduling mass transit crews and vehicles. The procedure differs from previous methods in that rather than first scheduling vehicles and then crews, it schedules vehicles and crews simultaneously. Several of the subproblems are solved as matching problems on graphs. A computational test of this procedure using a database from the Baltimore Metropolitan Transit Authority has produced solutions of lower cost than those used by the transit authority.