gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does a lower jaw protruding device improve running aerobic performance? (2019)

Using occlusal splints aiming to increase sports performance has recently raised significant interest, being speculated that it could lead to anatomical and physiological changes like upper airway enhancement and corresponding higher oxygen uptake ( O 2 ).We have studied the lower jaw protruding device effect in running aerobic performance.Nine active male subjects performed two testing sessions (with a placebo and with a jaw protruding device) on a treadmill, running 7 x 4 min until exhaustion with 1 km/h increments (48 h rest).O 2 and related variables, blood lactate concentrations and rating of perceived exertion were determined for both experimental conditions across three intensity domains.A t-test for repeated measures was used (p < .05)For both experimental conditions and through the low-moderate, heavy and severe running intensity domains, no significant differences were observed in any of the analysed variables (e.g.O 2 = 34.54± 3.42 vs 34.20 ± 4.89, 39.80 ± 2.39 vs 40.19 ± 4.48 and 43.58 ± 3.80 vs 44.36 ± 4.00 mL•kg -1 •min -1 , respectively).Data allowed to conclude that this specific lower jaw protruding device did not influence the analysed variables related with running aerobic performance at a large spectrum of exercise intensities.
Structure and orientation dynamics of sepiolite rigid rods - poly(ethylene oxide) suspensions under extensional and shear flow, probed by in-situ SAXS (2007)

Thanks to the development of a new extensional flow cell at the "Laboratoire de Rhéologie", and to combined rheology and small angle x-ray scattering (Rheo-SAXS) set-up available at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the structure and orientation dynamics of nano-composites under extensional and shear flow have been studied in-situ. The suspensions used are composed of sepiolite clay rigid rods about 1000 nm long and 10 nm thick, suspended in an aqueous poly(ehtylene oxide) matrix of 105 g/mol molecular mass. The structural observations in the volume of the suspensions have been linked to the controlled extensional strain domain and shear stress flow properties. The trajectory of the strain domain within the sample volume has been well characterized by particle imaging velocimetry, in order to apply pure volume extensional flows in the desired extensional rate and viscosity domains (Fig. 1). Under flow the scattering patterns exhibit a change from an elliptical shape to a characteristic growing lozenge shape as the strain rate or shear rate is enhanced (Fig. 2). Quantified analysis of the mean average of fibers orientation in the polymer solution is described, related to shear rates and to extensional flow rates as well as kinetic of relaxation. In the volume fractions and shear rate domains for which the suspensions exhibit shear-thinning properties, two regimes of orientation separated by a critical strain rate have been identified under extensional flow: a first regime of increasing fibers orientations and a second regime of saturation of these orientations above a critical strain. The influence of the polymer chains and of theirs interactions with the fibers on the dynamics of orientation or relaxation of the fibers is clearly demonstrated.
An Experimental Study of the Anaphylactic Theory of the Toxæmia of Pregnancy (1911)

THE term Anaphylaxis was coined in 1902 by Richet, and, as the word suggests, it was applied to a condition which is the very antithesis of immunity.Much experimental work has enabled the facB to be formulated as follows.Certain organic substances, all of them complex proteins of unknown chemical formula, when introduced for the first time into an organism in sub-toxic or nontoxic doses, have the property of producing after a certain fixed incubation period an excessive sensitiveness to subsequent very small doses of the same substance.For example, suppose a rabbit be injected with say 5 cc. of say horse serum.After an interval of ten days that rabbit is in a state of supersensitiveness to even a very small second dose of the same serum.The symptoms produced come on almost a t once-a blanching of the earn, dyspncea, palpitation, loss of muscular tone, and in severe cases convulsions, paralysis, and death-all within a very short time.
Silicon nitride thin-film deposition by LPCVD with in situ HF vapor cleaning and its application to stacked DRAM capacitor fabrication (1994)

Silicon nitride film deposited by LPCVD with newly developed in situ HF vapor cleaning has been studied and applied to fabricate dielectric films for stacked DRAM capacitors. Using this method, an oxide-free surface of underlaid poly-Si can be obtained. Silicon nitride film deposited on this surface has been verified by FTIR measurement to have the stoichiometrically proper composition of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/. However, the film was found to be selectively deposited on poly-Si electrodes. This selective deposition degrades the reliability of the stacked capacitor, because the silicon nitride can not completely cover the periphery of poly-Si electrodes on SiO/sub 2/. We propose a simple process that avoids the problem making it possible to apply silicon nitride film to stacked-capacitor fabrication. Stacked capacitors fabricated by this process exhibit very low leakage current and high electrical reliability even for ultra-thin silicon nitride films less than 5 nm thick.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data Processing in High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy (1978)

Optimization of the modified van-Cittert's method (by the authors) was carried out, using model calculation. In order to obtain sufficiently good results with this method, careful simulation is always necessary. The optimization process (smoothing fucntion, peak intensity, number of subdivisions, Wa/Wf, sampling interval, etc.) in this method is useful to deconvolute other spectral data. This method might be a useful tool, when used with proper care. Applications to Fe Kα1,2 from iron compounds were also presented. It is confirmed that Fe Kα1,2 from K3Fe (CN)6 has clear fine structures.
A negative feedback loop between microRNA-378 and Nrf1 promotes the development of hepatosteatosis in mice treated with a high fat diet (2018)

These findings identified a negative feedback loop between miR-378 and Nrf1 that promotes the pathogenesis of hepatosteatosis, and suggests the use of miR-378 as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Analysis of Tupaia herpesvirus proteins by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (1982)

The polypeptide composition of four Tupaia herpesvirus strains--of which two were isolated from malignant tumors--was analysed by one- and two-dimensional gel analysis. It was found that purified virions of the tree shrew consist of a least 37 viral polypeptides when determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The number of viral polypeptides increased to 49 when analysed by the two-dimensional technique with the molecular weights ranging from 12.000 to 230.000. Variations in the viral polypeptide patterns made it possible to differentiate between the different virus isolated even by the one-dimensional method. The two-dimensional technique allows the identification of virus-specific spots among the polypeptides of virus-infected cells. Radiolabeling experiments identified at least five glycoproteins which seem to reside on the surface of the virus envelope. In addition, neutralisation and immunodiffusion tests were performed which revealed cross-reactivities among the tupaia herpesvirus strains. Rabbit anti-tupaia herpesvirus sera did not neutralize other animal or human herpesvirus.
Xerostomia due to systemic disease: A review of 20 conditions and mechanisms (2014)

Xerostomia is a common complaint of nearly half of the elderly population and about one-fifth of younger adults. It causes several signs and symptoms, and compromise oral functions and health-related quality-of-life. Multiple reasons are proposed to describe the etiology of xerostomia such as local factors, psychogenic factors, and systemic diseases. In order to manage xerostomia effectively, identification of the main causality is mandatory. The aim of this review was to present systemic diseases leading to xerostomia with their mechanisms of action. We used various general search engines and specialized databases such as Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo, PubMed, PubMed Central, MedLine Plus, Medknow, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, WebMD, EMBASE, and authorized textbooks to find relevant topics by means of Medical Subject Headings keywords such as "xerostomia," "hyposalivations," "mouth dryness," "disease," and "systemic." We appraised 97 English-language articles published over the last 40 years in both medical and dental journals including reviews, meta-analysis, original papers, and case reports. Upon compilation of relevant data, it was concluded that autoimmune diseases most frequently involve salivary glands and cause xerostomia followed by diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and graft-versus-host disease. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of systemic disease-related xerostomia are: autoimmunity, infiltration of immunocompetent cells, granuloma formation, fibrosis and dehydration, deposition of proteinaceous substances, bacterial infection, and side-effects of medications.
No evidence for 20th century acceleration in mobilization of fossil carbon from thawing permafrost in the Lena River catchment (2018)

Release of carbon from thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes is a potential positive feedback in a warming climate, particularly since large quantities of carbon-rich organic matter have been stored in the permafrost soils for many millennia. Thawing of permafrost is expected to make this ancient organic matter bioavailable resulting in increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Thawing of permafrost may also result in increased transport of particulate organic matter through river systems to the ocean, where parts of this organic matter may escape remineralization and will be buried in marine sediments. This process might have accelerated over the past century in a warming Arctic with more frequent thaw slumping and increased river discharge leading to increased mobilization of ancient terrestrial organic matter previously freeze-locked in permafrost. &#13;\nWe therefore studied short sediment cores that were recovered off two of the main branches of the Lena River Delta, receiving the suspended matter transported from the mainly permafrost covered catchment of this great Russian Arctic river. The cores were recovered in 2013 from water depths of approximately 15 m and dated using 210Pbxs and 137Cs. The sediment records cover the past 70 to 120 years. By direct combustion of isolated analytes using an elemental analyser (EA) directly coupled to the accelerator mass spectrometer (MICADAS, Ionplus) via a Gas Interface System, we obtained compound-specific radiocarbon ages for a suite of n-alkanoic acids. We studied C16 to C28 even carbon number n-alkanoic acids, a homologous series containing both aquatic (C16 and C18 n-alkanoic acids) and terrigenous (C26 and C28 n-alkanoic acids) biomarkers. Besides, we analysed biomarker concentrations and the geochemical composition of the sediment. &#13;\nOur results reveal that throughout the records’ length, the age at deposition of the terrigenous biomarkers remained constant, while that of the aquatic biomarker decreased in the most recent decades. We will discuss these findings in context of the increases in Lena River discharge observed since the late 1980ies. The results allow estimation of the rapidly cycling biospheric contribution to each biomarker.
A Conversion of Location Related eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Elements to Type-Length-Value (TLV) Fields (2009)

This document specifies how to translate geolocation related
eXtensible Markup Language (XML) elements to Type-Length-Value (TLV)
fields, specifically where XML is not optimal or not appropriate to
use for transporting geolocation related values. This document
specifies a payload for binary protocols to use. This document makes
no recommendations about which protocols should use this payload.
Enhanced Deep Learning with Improved Feature Subspace Separation (2018)

This research proposes a new deep convolutional network architecture that improves the feature subspace separation. In training, the system considers M classes of input sets {C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> and M deep convolutional networks {DN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> whose filter and other parameters are randomly initialized. For each input class C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , Convolutional Neural Network generates a set of features F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> . Then, a local subspace S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is matched for each set F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> . This is followed with a full training of the deep convolutional network DN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> based on a decision criteria developed with computation of rejections of all features in {F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> to S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> . Five different deep convolutional network topologies are used to show that the proposed technique works better for small network topologies and has comparable performance to more complex
Potential interference of organic acids and ferrous iron in the interpretation of Fe and Mn indicators of reduction in soil (2023)

Abstract Removal of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) oxide coatings from indicators of reduction in soil (IRIS) is considered a function of microbial reduction of these elements under sufficiently reducing conditions, but there may be situations where removal is abiotic. We examined whether abiotic removal of Mn and Fe oxide coatings may be facilitated by organic acids and whether loss of Mn can take place via chemical reduction by ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) in vitro. Loss of color from Mn‐IRIS in citric acid solution was highest at 1 and 10 mM regardless of pH, with no loss observed at lower concentrations. Effects of citric acid on Fe‐IRIS were also limited to 1 and 10 mM, but color loss only occurred at pH 4.5 and the rate and extent of loss were lower than for Mn‐IRIS. Color loss from Mn‐IRIS in oxalic acid was highest at 1 and 10 mM and increased with decreasing pH. Effects of oxalic acid on loss of color from Fe‐IRIS were limited to 1 and 10 mM. Loss of color from Mn‐IRIS was limited to 10 mM salicylic acid and pH 4.5, with no effect on Fe‐IRIS regardless of concentration and pH. Only the two highest concentrations of Fe 2+ (50 and 100 mM) resulted in reduction of the Mn‐IRIS coating and subsequent deposition of an Fe oxide coating. Organic acids and pH have a differential effect on color loss from Mn‐ and Fe‐IRIS, with only high concentrations of organic acids at low pH possibly interfering with interpretation.
Effect of Phytosterol Treatment on Plasma Lipids and Glucose in Rats (2004)

Diet effect of separated-purified phytosterol, obtained from soybean scum, in rats during 4 weeks was as follows. At this experiment, checking points were plasma lipids and glucose concentration as well as insulin level in plasma, pancreas and femur. Purity of above phytosterol was 68.3%, and composition was capesterol 21%, -stigmasterol 62.3%, sitosterol 11.0% and unknowns 5.8%, respectively. Triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids content was decreased as increasing of phytosterol amount(). But excessive treatments more than 3% there was no any additional effect. From these experiment optimum amount of phytosterol level was around 3%(w/w). But phytosterol treating didn't show any effects on the changes of carbohydrate relative tissues like plasma glucose concentration as well as insulin level in plasma, pancreas and femur.
Probabilistic Theory of Quasibrittle Fracture (2021)

Abstract The foregoing models of quasibrittle fracture are incomplete because the actual behavior is always random. The weakest-link model, leading the Weibull probability distribution of structure strength, is discussed first, as the simplest approach, and is shown to follow from the stability postulate of extreme value statistics. The power law mean size effect of Weibull distribution and constancy of its coefficient of variation are derived. Then it is emphasized that real quasibrittle structures have rarely sufficient size for considering the number of links to be infinite, and a geometry-independent equivalent number of links to be used in a finite weakest-link chain model is defined. The consequence is that the failure probability distribution of quasibrittle structures is a Gauss-Weibull graft, in which a Weibull tail penetrates deeper into Gaussian core as the structure size increases. The power-law tail of Weibull distribution is shown to arise on the atomistic scale, from the Kramers equation of transition rate theory, and is shown to be preserved, with increasing exponent, in the nano-macro scale transition. This physical argument demonstrates, and unrealistic size effect confirms, that the three-parameter Weibull distribution is incorrect and potentially dangerous, and that a nonzero threshold is impossible. Described briefly is also the recently emerged fishnet statistics of structural strength, which is motivated by the material architecture of nacre. It takes into account alternation of series and parallel links, is modeled by order statistics or quantile statistics and allows treating super-light-strong 3D architectures such as octet lattice. The chapter ends with the analysis of a combination of the material strength randomness with the randomness of a database of concretes with diverse properties.
Adhesin competence repressor (AdcR) from Streptococcus pyogenes controls adaptive responses to zinc limitation and contributes to virulence (2014)

Altering zinc bioavailability to bacterial pathogens is a key component of host innate immunity. Thus, the ability to sense and adapt to the alterations in zinc concentrations is critical for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. To understand the adaptive responses of group A Streptococcus (GAS) to zinc limitation and its regulation by AdcR, we characterized gene regulation by AdcR. AdcR regulates the expression of 70 genes involved in zinc acquisition and virulence. Zinc-bound AdcR interacts with operator sequences in the negatively regulated promoters and mediates differential regulation of target genes in response to zinc deficiency. Genes involved in zinc mobilization and conservation are derepressed during mild zinc deficiency, whereas the energy-dependent zinc importers are upregulated during severe zinc deficiency. Further, we demonstrated that transcription activation by AdcR occurs by direct binding to the promoter. However, the repression and activation by AdcR is mediated by its interactions with two distinct operator sequences. Finally, mutational analysis of the metal ligands of AdcR caused impaired DNA binding and attenuated virulence, indicating that zinc sensing by AdcR is critical for GAS pathogenesis. Together, we demonstrate that AdcR regulates GAS adaptive responses to zinc limitation and identify molecular components required for GAS survival during zinc deficiency.
Oxymorphone Extended Release Does Not Affect CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 Metabolic Pathways (2005)

Two 14-day, randomized, open-label, parallel-group studies examined the effects of extended-release (ER) oxymorphone on CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 metabolic activities in healthy subjects. On days -1, 7, and 14, subjects received either a CYP2C9 probe (tolbutamide 500 mg) or CYP3A4 probes (midazolam and [14C N-methyl]-erythromycin for the erythromycin breath test). Subjects were randomized to 5 groups: high-dose oxymorphone ER (3 x 20 mg q12h) + naltrexone (50 mg q24h); low-dose oxymorphone ER (10-20 mg q12h); rifampin (2 x 300 mg q24h), an inducer of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 activities; naltrexone (50 mg q24h); or CYP probes alone (controls). Probe metabolism was significantly altered by rifampin on days 7 and 14 (P < .05), whereas probe metabolism was not significantly affected by low-dose oxymorphone ER or by high-dose oxymorphone ER plus naltrexone. Oxymorphone ER exhibits a minimal potential for causing metabolic drug-drug interactions mediated by CYP2C9 or CYP3A4.
Variable aberration generators using rotated Zernike plates (2005)

The rotational properties of Zernike polynomials allow for an easy generation of variable amounts of aberration using two rotated phase plates, each one encoding one or several Zernike modes. This effect may be used to build variable aberration generators useful for calibrating different kinds of aberrometer.
The quest for a balanced manpower capacity: different flexibility strategies examined (2006)

To cope with permanent fluctuations in demand, organizations are challenged to organize their manpower capacity in a flexible way. Different strategies of manpower planning are being used for this purpose. Using data from the 2002 Panel Survey of Organisations Flanders, we first verify to what extent temporal, contractual and functional flexibility strategies are applied in Flemish organizations. Subsequently, logistic regression is used to analyse the link between these flexible work strategies and a 'fitting manpower capacity'. While the results show a negative association between the use of temporal or contractual flexibility measures and a balanced manpower capacity, functional flexibility seems to be positively related. The different logics in which numerical and functional flexibility proceed can be labeled as 'curative' versus 'preventive' strategies of flexibility. Further analyses discern between various interpretations of functional flexibility and assess whether different team types make a contribution to a fitting manpower capacity.
A prospective study of the separate predictive capabilities of 18[F]-FDG-PET and molecular response in patients with relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following treatment with iodine-131-rituximab radio-immunotherapy (2008)

Recent data have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-CD20 radio-immunotherapy (RIT) in patients with newly diagnosed advanced follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).[1][1],[2][2] A significant proportion of treated patients have extended event-free survival (EFS). Although there is as yet no clear
Interleukin-18 and its binding protein in patients with inflammatory bowel disease during remission and exacerbation. (2007)

IL-18 and IL-18BP levels are higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared to healthy individuals. In Crohn's disease, but not in ulcerative colitis, IL-18 (but not free IL-18) and IL-18BP levels are significantly higher during exacerbation compared to remission. This observation highlights the importance of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, especially in Crohn's disease.