gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NCCD Research Review : Crime and the Mass Media: a Selective Review of Research (1981)

The mass media are pervasive in the United States, and accusations about the media's role in eliciting deviant behaviors are common. Yet criminologists have paid scant attention to the media in their theories and research. There is, however, a body of research conducted by psychologists, political scientists, and sociologists that bears, directly or indirectly, on the issues of crime and justice. This article draws on that research in reviewing the major findings on a selected set of topics. In general, the available research shows that crime is a relatively staple topic in the media's news and entertainment presentations. The amount of crime depicted has little relationship to the amount of crime occurring, and violent crimes are high ly overrepresented by the media. The effects of these distorted portrayals on public attitudes and beliefs are unclear because conflicting research results have emerged. On the other hand, the research strongly supports the notion that the viewing of violence increases the probability of behaving aggressively. The review concludes with several broad suggestions for media-related research that would be relevant to issues in criminology and crimincel justice.
New fluoro intermediates for herbicidal sulfonylureas (1999)

New pyrimidine and triazine intermediates for herbicidal sulfonylureas are prepared as follows: 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine is converted via a halogenation, halogen exchange and substitution sequence to 2-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-6-trifluoromethoxypyrimidine. New fluoromethyl-triazines are available starting from guanidine, trichloroacetonitrile and difluoroacetic anhydride, or alternatively from thiocarbamoyl guanidine and chlorodifluoroacetic ester ring closure. To obtain new o-fluoroalkyl-benzenesulfonamide precursors, o-chlorobenzaldehyde was fluorinated with sulfur tetrafluoride, or a bromobenzene derivative was subjected to a substitution reaction with sodium pentafluoropropionate. Sulfonylureas derived from trifluoromethylpyrimidines with an m-methylthio substituent are selective post-emergence herbicides in cotton, presumably due to sulfone metabolization. Selectivity in wheat is obtained by combining 4-methoxy-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine with a lipophilic difluoromethyl-benzenesulfonamide moiety. Also in the difluoromethyl-triazine series, the combination with the difluoromethyl-benzenesulfonamide moiety is a good choice for wheat selectivity. Chlorodifluoromethyl- and trifluoromethyltriazines, however, combine better with an aromatic ester for best activity and selectivity in wheat. Selected compounds are undergoing broad field tests in wheat.
Correction: TLR4 Signaling Is Involved in Brain Vascular Toxicity of PCB153 Bound to Nanoparticles (2014)

This article was republished on January 8th, 2014. The image for the vehicle control in Figure 1 is an image that originates from the authors’ previous publication in J Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 7:991-1001. This image was used in error in the current article and is subject to copyright, as a result, we are replacing the original Figure 1 by a corrected figure that includes the correct vehicle control.

In addition, there was an error in the preparation of Figure 7. The representative images of occludin and claudin-5 expression (Figures 7B and 7C, respectively) originate from the same sample preparation and from the same membrane. Actin levels were also determined in the same sample preparation; therefore, the same actin image was used or both Figures 7B and 7C. Unfortunately, the film was accidentally flipped when the actin image was scanned for Figure 7C. The authors are making the raw blots for Figure 7B and 7C available with this Correction.

Actin: http://www.plosone.org/corrections/pone.0063159.cn.actin.tif

Occludin: http://www.plosone.org/corrections/pone.0063159.cn.occludin.tif

Claudin-5: http://www.plosone.org/corrections/pone.0063159.cn.claudin5.tif

These mistakes do not affect the results reported in the article.
Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Azaspirocycles (2004)

Multicomponent condensation of N-diphenylphosphinoylimines, alkynes, zirconocene hydrochloride, and diiodomethane provides a rapid access to omega-unsaturated dicyclopropylmethylamines. These novel building blocks are converted into heterocyclic 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanes, 5-azaspiro-[2.5]octanes, and 5-azaspiro[2.6]nonanes by means of selective ring-closing metathesis, epoxide opening, or reductive amination. The resulting functionalized pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepines are scaffolds of considerable relevance for chemistry-driven drug discovery.
Improved Performance of III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells Fabricated with Indium-Tin-Oxide Electrodes (2016)

In this study, three front-side electrodes consisting of AuGe/Au metal-finger with anti-reflective layer (ARL), ITO-finger with ARL, and ITO-overcoated types without ARL were fabricated for InGaP/GaAs dual-junction solar cells, and samples A, B, and C were used to denote these three devices, respectively. For the sample C with ITO-overcoated electrode, the 200-nm-thick ITO film with a high transmittance of 91% in the visible wavelength range was deposited. The results obtained from the current density-voltage measurements indicated the short-circuit current densities (Jsc) of samples A, B, and C are 9.61, 11.16, and 11.65 mA/cm2, respectively. Meanwhile, the conversion efficiencies of these three solar cells are measured to be 17.50%, 20.41%, and 20.92%, respectively. After replacing the AuGe/Au metal-finger electrode with the ITO-overcoated electrode, there is 19.5% improvement in the conversion efficiency occurred in the device. Moreover, because the ITO front-side electrode can cover overall surface of the device, all regions on the surface of sample C would extract the electrons, resulting in the highest Jsc. Not only, the ITO was also used to be ARL and enhanced the device performance.
Instrumental activities of daily living are impaired in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. (2014)

Performance-based measures of IADLs, particularly medication management ability, are sensitive to subtle functional declines in PD-MCI. Although impairment in performance-based measures is associated with cognitive status in PD, IADLs may be a separate domain of functioning from cognitive functioning in PD-MCI as these measures did not correlate with performance on the neuropsychological measures. Overall, performance-based assessment of IADLs may add to the clinical evaluation of PD-MCI.
Cooperative Data Center Selection for Optimal Service Performance: An ILP Formulation (2012)

Cross layer optimization is well-known to offer certain cost and performance advantages when designing and operating data networks [1]. It is reasonable to anticipate similar advantages when applying such optimizations across the network layer and the application layer too. In this paper, the authors define one optimization problem whereby the service-to-hosting data center mapping is performed taking into account the available resources in both the data center (CPU cycles) and network (bandwidth) subsystems. The objective function of the optimization problem accounts for the amount of both CPU cycles and bandwidth, which are assigned to each requested service, with the assumption that the user's Quality of Experience (QoE) strictly depends only on these two factors. The problem is formulated using ILP and its numerical results are discussed to gain insights into the potential QoE gains that might result from using this cross layer (cooperative) resource assignment technique.
Estrogen stimulates arachidonoylethanolamide release from human endothelial cells and platelet activation (2002)

Estrogen replacement therapy has been associated with reduction of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women, though the mechanism for this benefit remains unclear. Here we show that at physiological concentrations estrogen activates the anandamide membrane transporter of human endothelial cells and leads to rapid elevation of calcium (apparent within 5 minutes) and release of nitric oxide (within 15 minutes). These effects are mediated by estrogen binding to a surface receptor, which shows an apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) of 9.4 +/- 1.4 nM, a maximum binding (B(max)) of 356 +/- 12 fmol x mg protein(-1), and an apparent molecular mass of approximately 60 kDa. We also show that estrogen binding to surface receptors leads to stimulation of the anandamide-synthesizing enzyme phospholipase D and to inhibition of the anandamide-hydrolyzing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase, the latter effect mediated by 15-lipoxygenase activity. Because the endothelial transporter is shown to move anandamide across the cell membranes bidirectionally, taken together these data suggest that the physiological activity of estrogen is to stimulate the release, rather than the uptake, of anandamide from endothelial cells. Moreover, we show that anandamide released from estrogen-stimulated endothelial cells, unlike estrogen itself, inhibits the secretion of serotonin from adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated platelets. Therefore, it is suggested that the peripheral actions of anandamide could be part of the molecular events responsible for the beneficial effects of estrogen.
Mésodynamique des 3D C/C : une première stratégie multiéchelle dédiée (2003)

International audience
Structure and Anonymity of the Bitcoin Transaction Graph (2013)

The Bitcoin network of decentralized payment transactions has attracted a lot of attention from both Internet users and researchers in recent years. Bitcoin utilizes a peer-to-peer network to issue anonymous payment transactions between different users. In the currently used Bitcoin clients, the full transaction history is available at each node of the network to prevent double spending without the need for a central authority, forming a valuable source for empirical research on network structure, network dynamics, and the implied anonymity challenges, as well as guidance on the future evolution of complex payment systems. We found dynamical effects of which some increase anonymity while others decrease it. Most importantly, several parameters of the Bitcoin transaction graph seem to have become stationary over the last 12–18 months. We discuss the implications.
On the resonant frequencies of the triangular patch antenna (1987)

The appropriate correction factor to use in the resonant frequency formula of an equilateral triangular patch antenna obtained from the cavity model with perfect magnetic walls is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 5‐Phenyl‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase Principle for Measuring Location or Spectral Shape of a Discrete Radio Source (1968)

This paper describes a phase principle for measuring the location or the spectral shape of a discrete radio source. The phase principle is relatively simple to implement and leads to a measurement of location or spectral shape which is insensitive to receiver gain fluctuations. For measuring the location of a weak, discrete radio source, the theoretical accuracy is slightly better than the theoretical accuracy resulting from the Ryle interferometer. For measuring the spectral shape of a weak, discrete radio source, the theoretical accuracy is slightly better than the theoretical accuracy resulting from either the Ryle interferometer or the Dicke radiometer. Furthermore, the implementation of the phase principle doesn't require input switching. Also, the calibration curve associated with the phase principle is independent of changes in the average receiver gains of the two receivers.
Energy Optimization in Smart Homes Using Customer Preference and Dynamic Pricing (2016)

In this paper, we present an energy optimization technique to schedule three types of household appliances (user dependent, interactive schedulable and unschedulable) in response to the dynamic behaviours of customers, electricity prices and weather conditions. Our optimization technique schedules household appliances in real time to optimally control their energy consumption, such that the electricity bills of end users are reduced while not compromising on user comfort. More specifically, we use the binary multiple knapsack problem formulation technique to design an objective function, which is solved via the constraint optimization technique. Simulation results show that average aggregated energy savings with and without considering the human presence control system are 11.77% and 5.91%, respectively.
A 0.061 nJ/b 10 Mbps Hybrid BF-PSK Receiver for Internet of Things Applications (2022)

This paper describes a hybrid binary frequency-phase shift keying (BF-PSK) receiver architecture designed with a technique involving both the received signal frequency and phase for low-power operation with relatively high data rate. The method enables the demodulation of the incoming signal without synchronization requirements, which reduces the design complexity and power consumption. The architecture allows programmable data rates and channel bandwidths according to application-specific needs. A novel low-noise amplifier architecture is introduced in this paper as well. The Medical Implant Communication System (MICS) band receiver was designed and fabricated in a standard 65nm CMOS technology, and the measurement results demonstrate the feasibility of this architecture. As a proof-of-concept, it operates with a 416 MHz carrier frequency at a state-of-the-art data rate for sub-milliwatt receivers of 10 Mbps, while consuming <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$610~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1 V supply.
The extent of release of encapsulated methionine in the intestine of cattle (1971)

1. Factors affecting the release of methionine from kaolin-saturated-fat capsules in the intestine of cattle were investigated. Bile and pancreatin were shown to be necessary for appreciable solution of the capsule. 2. The relationship between site of release and site of absorption was ascertained. One site was shown to be in the proximal duodenum the second longer site is in the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum. Encapsulated methionine was carried past the first absorption site. 3. The results of in vitro incubations confirmed by those of in vivo studies show that 60–65% of the methionine becomes available for absorption in the intestine.
Review of Quantum Dot Technologies for Cancer Detection and Treatment (2006)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles that have attracted widespread interest in biology and medicine due to their unique optical and electronic properties. These properties, especially their reduced tendency to photobleach and the dependence of their fluorescence wavelength on their size, make them suitable for fluorescent probing applications to detect cancer biomarkers in vitro and in vivo in cells/tissues/whole body. There is considerable interest among researchers due to the recent developments in QD technology. QDs have been encapsulated in amphiphilic polymers and bound to tumor-targeting ligands and drug delivery vesicles for targeting, imaging and treating tumor cells. Present efforts are focussed on exploring the massive multiplexing capabilities of the QDs for the simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers in blood assays and cancer tissue biopsies. These advances in the QD technology have unravelled a great deal of information about the molecular events in tumor cells and early diagnosis of cancer.
Selection of optimal regression models via cross‐validation (1988)

Abstract A general problem arising in the development of regression models is the selection of the optimal model. Whenever a feature selection procedure, such as step forward, backward elimination, best subset or all possible combinations, or when a data compression approach, such as principal components or partial least‐squares regression, is used, the question of how many regression terms to include in the final model must be addressed. This work describes the evaluation of four different criteria for selection of the optimal predictive regression model using cross‐validation. The results obtained in this work illustrate the problems which can arise in the analysis of small or inadequately sampled data sets. The common approach, selecting the model which yields the absolute minimum in the predictive residual error sum of squares (PRESS), was found to have particularly poor statistical properties. A very simple change to a criterion based on the first local minimum in PRESS will provide a significant improvement in the cross‐validation result. A criterion based on testing the significance of incremental changes in PRESS with an F ‐test may provide more robust performance than the local minimum in PRESS method.
Bidirectional Power Flow Control of a Multi Input Converter for Energy Storage System (2019)

The objective of this paper is to propose a multi-input DC-DC converter with bidirectional power flow control capability. Compared to the traditional power converter, the multi-input converter (MIC) can save on the number of components and the circuit cost. Under normal conditions, the MIC is able to transfer energy from different input sources to the load. However, if the battery module is adopted, both the charging or discharging features should be considered. Therefore, the bidirectional power flow control of the MIC is necessary. On the other hand, because of the inconsistency characteristics of batteries, unbalanced circuit operation might occur whereby the circuit and the battery might be damaged. Therefore, dynamic current regulation strategies are developed for the MIC. Consequently, the proposed MIC circuit is able to achieve the bidirectional power flow control capability as well as control the input currents independently. Detailed circuit analysis and comprehensive mathematical derivation and of the proposed MIC will be presented in this paper. Finally, both simulation and experimental results obtained from a 500 W prototype circuit verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed bidirectional multi-input converter.
pymatgen: v3.1.5 (2015)

Move vasp.vasp<em>put to vasp.</em>puts. Also, maintain backwards compatibility with vaspio.vasp_*put
The Formation and Characterisation of Lanthanum Oxide Based Si/High-k/NiSi Gate Stacks by Electron-Beam Evaporation: An Examination of In-Situ Amorphous Silicon Capping and NiSi formation (2007)

The electrical and physical properties of La2O3 based NiSi/High-k/Si structures formed by electron beam evaporation, in-situ amorphous silicon capping and ex-situ NiSi formation are presented for the (100) and (110)Si substrate orientations. The silicon substrate orientation, (100) or (110), does not affect leakage current density or the maximum accumulation capacitance, but does have an impact on interface state densities. The interface states exhibit the electrical signature of Pbo centres for the (100)Si orientation and can be annealed in a H2/N2 ambient. The samples exhibit negligible hysteresis (&lt;2mV). No interfacial silicon layer is observed between the La based high-k film and the silicon substrate. The extracted k value for the La2O3 based thin films is in the range 11-12 suggesting silicate formation. The work indicates an alternative approach for the examination of NiSi/high-k/Si MOS structures without ambient exposure of the high-k layer.
The dog as a preclinical model to evaluate interface morphology and micro-motion in cemented total knee replacement (2011)

Achieving good interdigitation of cement into subchondral bone beneath the tibial tray is associated with improved interface morphology and reduced micro-motion; features that could result in a reduced incidence of aseptic loosening. Multiple drill holes distributed over the cut tibial surface and adequate pressurization of the cement into the subchondral bone should improve fixation and reduce interface micromotion and cavitary defects.
Distinct Functions of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors eIF1A and eIF3 in the Formation of the 40 S Ribosomal Preinitiation Complex (1999)

We have used an in vitro translation initiation assay to investigate the requirements for the efficient transfer of Met-tRNAf (as Met-tRNAf.eIF2.GTP ternary complex) to 40 S ribosomal subunits in the absence of mRNA (or an AUG codon) to form the 40 S preinitiation complex. We observed that the 17-kDa initiation factor eIF1A is necessary and sufficient to mediate nearly quantitative transfer of Met-tRNAf to isolated 40 S ribosomal subunits. However, the addition of 60 S ribosomal subunits to the 40 S preinitiation complex formed under these conditions disrupted the 40 S complex resulting in dissociation of Met-tRNAf from the 40 S subunit. When the eIF1A-dependent preinitiation reaction was carried out with 40 S ribosomal subunits that had been preincubated with eIF3, the 40 S preinitiation complex formed included bound eIF3 (40 S.eIF3. Met-tRNAf.eIF2.GTP). In contrast to the complex lacking eIF3, this complex was not disrupted by the addition of 60 S ribosomal subunits. These results suggest that in vivo, both eIF1A and eIF3 are required to form a stable 40 S preinitiation complex, eIF1A catalyzing the transfer of Met-tRNAf.eIF2.GTP to 40 S subunits, and eIF3 stabilizing the resulting complex and preventing its disruption by 60 S ribosomal subunits.
Estimation of residue depletion of cyadox and its marker residue in edible tissues of pigs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (2015)

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are powerful tools to predict tissue distribution and depletion of veterinary drugs in food animals. However, most models only simulate the pharmacokinetics of the parent drug without considering their metabolites. In this study, a PBPK model was developed to simultaneously describe the depletion in pigs of the food animal antimicrobial agent cyadox (CYA), and its marker residue 1,4-bisdesoxycyadox (BDCYA). The CYA and BDCYA sub-models included blood, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, muscle, fat and other organ compartments. Extent of plasma-protein binding, renal clearance and tissue-plasma partition coefficients of BDCYA were measured experimentally. The model was calibrated with the reported pharmacokinetic and residue depletion data from pigs dosed by oral gavage with CYA for five consecutive days, and then extrapolated to exposure in feed for two months. The model was validated with 14 consecutive day feed administration data. This PBPK model accurately simulated CYA and BDCYA in four edible tissues at 24-120 h after both oral exposure and 2-month feed administration. There was only slight overestimation of CYA in muscle and BDCYA in kidney at earlier time points (6-12 h) when dosed in feed. Monte Carlo analysis revealed excellent agreement between the estimated concentration distributions and observed data. The present model could be used for tissue residue monitoring of CYA and BDCYA in food animals, and provides a foundation for developing PBPK models to predict residue depletion of both parent drugs and their metabolites in food animals.