gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circuit improvements for a voltage multiplier (2001)

A voltage (or flux) multiplier is a device which multiplies applied SFQ pulses. Due to the quantum nature of an SFQ pulse the device can be used as a voltage (or flux) amplifier with a fundamentally accurate (integer) gain. Earlier we showed that the device can be used for improvement of dc and ac voltage standards. Recently we have found that a long voltage multiplier can display complex dynamic behavior, which can lead to undesirable collective oscillations. This report is devoted to theoretical optimization and experimental investigation of long voltage multipliers connected in series for dc current. Experimentally we have obtained accurate current steps with about 0.1 V voltage drop for a 5 mm/spl times/5 mm chip fabricated in Nb technology and tested at 4 K.
Ranirestat (AS-3201), a Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Reduces Sorbitol Levels and Improves Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats (2008)

Ranirestat (AS-3201) is a novel aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor with potentially beneficial effects on diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In this study, we performed a kinetic analysis to determine the mode of inhibition of ranirestat on AR and investigated the effects of ranirestat on sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerves and lens of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. We also evaluated the effects on motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in STZ-diabetic rats. Kinetic analyses revealed that the ranirestat inhibition of AR is uncompetitive and reversible. In the sciatic nerve and lens of STZ-diabetic rats, single oral administration of ranirestat slightly reduced sorbitol levels. However, repeated oral administration of ranirestat for 5, 21, or 60 days enhanced the reducing effect of the ranirestat on sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerves and lens of STZ-diabetic rats with maximum effects after 21 days of treatment. Finally, repeated oral administration of ranirestat for 21 or 42 days dose-dependently improved the STZ-induced decrease in MNCV in STZ-diabetic rats. These findings demonstrate that repeated oral administration of ranirestat reduces sorbitol accumulation and improves MNCV in STZ-diabetic rats, indicating that ranirestat is an agent for the management of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy.
Associations of weight loss with obesity‐related comorbidities in a large integrated health system (2021)

This study provides the most comprehensive real-world evaluation of the health impacts of weight change to date. After comorbidity burden and healthcare utilization adjustments, weight loss was associated with an overall reduction in risk of many adverse outcomes.
Suppression of Cell Proliferation and Signaling Transduction by Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2006)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted protein that belongs to CCN family. The proteins in this family are implicated in various biological processes, such as angiogenesis, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. In this study, we explored the roles of CTGF in lung tumorigenesis. The expression levels of CTGF in 58 lung cancer samples were reduced by >2 fold in 57% of the samples compared with matched normal samples using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. These results were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for CTGF in normal lung epithelia and lung cancer. Cellular proliferation was inhibited in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines NCI-H460, NCI-H520, NCI-H1299, and SK-MES-1 by CTGF overexpression. Partially purified CTGF suppressed lung cancer cell growth. The growth inhibition caused by CTGF overexpression was associated with growth arrest at G(0)-G(1) and prominent induction of p53 and ADP ribosylation factor. Most interestingly, overexpression of CTGF suppressed insulin-like growth factor-I-dependent Akt phosphorylation and epidermal growth factor-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, NSCLC cells expressed decreased levels of CTGF compared with normal lung cells; this lower expression has an effect on lung cancer cell proliferation and its cellular response to growth factors. Our data suggest that CTGF may behave as a secreted tumor suppressor protein in the normal lung, and its expression is suppressed in many NSCLCs.
Preclinical experiences with magnetic drug targeting: tolerance and efficacy. (1996)

Although site-specific direction of drugs within an organism would benefit patients with many diseases, active drug targeting is clinically not yet possible. To overcome some of the problems associated with active drug targeting, we have developed a magnetic fluid to which drugs, cytokines, and other molecules can be chemically bound to enable those agents to be directed within an organism by high-energy magnetic fields. In the first part of this study, various concentrations of the magnetic fluid were tested in rats and immunosuppressed nude mice with regard to subjective and objective tolerance. In the second part, the same parameters were evaluated after administration of the ferrofluid to which epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin) was chemically bound. Finally, two forms of therapy with the magnetic fluid were tested: tumor treatment by mechanical occlusion with the ferrofluid in high concentrations; and magnetic drug targeting, using small amounts of the ferrofluid as a vehicle to concentrate epirubicin locally in tumors. As a result, the ferrofluid did not cause major laboratory abnormalities; there was no LD50. With very high concentrations of the ferrofluid, animals showed lethargy for 1-2 days. There were no intolerances with the epirubicin-bound ferrofluid as well. Both forms of treatment led to complete tumor responses in an experimental human kidney as well as in a xenotransplanted colon carcinoma model. Thus, the magnetic fluid is a safe agent, which can be used in different ways for local forms of cancer treatment in conjunction with high-energy magnetic fields.
Smart Distribution System Operations With Price-Responsive and Controllable Loads (2014)

This paper presents a new modeling framework for analysis of impact and scheduling of price-responsive as well as controllable loads in a three-phase unbalanced distribution system. The price-responsive loads are assumed to be linearly or exponentially dependent on price, i.e., demand reduces as price increases and vice versa. The effect of such uncontrolled price-responsive loads on the distribution feeder is studied as customers seek to reduce their energy cost. Secondly, a novel constant energy load model, which is controllable by the local distribution company (LDC), is proposed in this paper. A controllable load is one that can be scheduled by the LDC through remote signals, demand response programs, or customer-end home energy management systems. Minimization of cost of energy drawn by LDC, feeder losses, and customers cost pertaining to the controllable component of the load are considered as objectives from the LDCs and customers' perspective. The effect of a peak demand constraint on the controllability of the load is further examined. The proposed models are tested on two feeders: 1) the IEEE 13-node test feeder; and 2) a practical LDC feeder system. Detailed studies examine the operational aspects of price-responsive and controllable loads on the overall system. It is observed that the LDC controlled load model results in a more uniform system load profile, and that with a reduction in the peak demand cap, the energy drawn decreases, consequently reducing feeder losses and LDC's and customers' costs.
Abstract B37: Concomitant blockade of glucose uptake and paracrine HGF signaling uncovers the metabolic vulnerability of KRAS-mutant colorectal tumors (2016)

Abstract Mutations in KRAS and over-expression of MET, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, are both negative prognostic factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied the KRAS-MET interplay using human isogenic CRC cells with defined KRAS status and human HGF knock-in SCID mice, thereby reproducing species-specific HGF-MET paracrine signaling. We show that KRAS-mutant CRC cells display an extraordinary high glycolytic rate that makes them ‘addicted’ to glycolysis. When glucose availability is scarce or upon drug-mediated impairment of glucose metabolism, KRAS-mutant cells rapidly undergo apoptosis, unless ‘salvaged’ by micro-environment-borne HGF, which permits their survival by enhancing glucose influx, sustaining glycolysis and activating autophagy, thus improving energetic efficiency and preventing a mitotic catastrophe. In an orthotopic model of metastatic CRC using human HGF knock-in SCID mice and human KRAS-mutant CRC cells, combined pharmacological blockade of glucose metabolism and of HGF/MET signaling resulted in synthetic lethality and achieved superior tumor inhibition and metastasis suppression compared to metabolism-active drugs or HGF/MET inhibitors alone. In the same system, paracrine HGF signaling also protected KRAS-mutant tumors against anti-angiogenic therapy, which caused more dramatic and less specific metabolic stress by depriving tumors of both nutrients and oxygen. However, in contrast to selective glucose metabolism impairment, anti-angiogenic therapy exacerbated tumor hypoxia, promoted HGF-dependent metastatic dissemination and gave rise to acquired resistance. These results indicate that selective impairment of glucose metabolism is a much safer and more effective approach to target KRAS-mutant CRC metabolic vulnerability compared to angiogenesis inhibition. They also show that microenvironment-borne HGF is a major source of resistance to anti-tumor therapies that cause metabolic stress to cancer cells. Considering that angiogenesis inhibition is the only biological therapy currently available for KRAS-mutant tumors, the data generated by this study open new perspectives for the treatment of this highly aggressive cancer type. Citation Format: Alessia Mira, Paolo Michieli. Concomitant blockade of glucose uptake and paracrine HGF signaling uncovers the metabolic vulnerability of KRAS-mutant colorectal tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
Intracardiac Echocardiographic Measurement of Left Ventricular Volume (2005)

We tested the utility of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in measuring left ventricular (LV) volume. In 4 normal dogs, a 10-F percutaneous sheath was placed inside the LV along its major axis. An ICE catheter (9 F, 9 MHz) was then inserted through the sheath into the LV. The ICE catheter was pulled back in 1-mm intervals starting from the apex, and 2-D tomographic images were continuously acquired. Subsequently, the ICE catheter was replaced in the LV by a conductance catheter to measure single-beat volume signals. Stroke volume was determined by thermodilution for validation. All measurements were made in each dog while pacing the atrium at two different cycle lengths (range=300-500 ms). The endocardium was segmented in the ICE images throughout the cardiac cycle, and LV volume was computed by integrating multiple segments (range=55-70 mm). We found that ICE accurately reconstructed LV 3-D anatomy. Stroke volume by ICE was in excellent agreement with thermodilution (error = 3.8+/-3.0%, r = 0.99, n = 8). Morphology of LV volume signals correlated well with instantaneous volume signals derived by conductance (r=0.93, n=8). In conclusion, ICE accurately reconstructs LV anatomy and volume throughout the cardiac cycle in the normal heart. This approach could facilitate interventional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Effect of xylanase treatment on dewatering properties of birch kraft pulp (2010)

In this study it was shown that the enzymatic removal of xylan from ECF-bleached birch kraft pulp enhances the water removal from the pulp, especially in the late stages of pulp drying. The effect of xylanase treatments on dewatering was clarified by using a moving belt former (MBF), a press simulator (MTS), and an IR-drying equipment, to simulate and to measure dewatering properties on wire, press and drying sections of a paper machine. The xylanase treatment slightly increased the pulp freeness indicating improved pulp drainage properties. At the moving belt former, however, no significant changes that would indicate enhanced dewatering in forming were observed. The xylanase treatments slightly enhanced the dewatering in wet pressing and furthermore, at the thermal drying the xylanase treatment had a positive effect on the dry solid content (DSC) development, and time to reach the 95% dry solids content was reduced by up to 15%. This was also confirmed by the decrease in the fiber saturation point (FSP) values and the amount of bulk water. Our results indicate that the xylanase treatment affected the water-binding xylan in the fiber cell wall, yielding enhanced dewatering properties, without deteriorating the pulp and paper properties.
Competition for Working Memory among Writing Processes (2001)

Narrative, descriptive, and persuasive texts were written by college students in longhand or on a word processor. Participants concurrently detected auditory probes cuing them to retrospect about whether they were planning ideas, translating ideas into sentences, or reviewing ideas or text at the moment the probes occurred. Narrative planning and longhand motor execution presumably were heavily practiced, freeing capacity for rapid probe detection. Spare capacity was distributed equally among all 3 processes, judging from probe reaction times, when planning demands were low in the narrative condition. When motor execution demands were low in the longhand condition, however, reviewing benefited more than planning. The results indicate that planning, translating, and reviewing processes in writing compete for a common, general-purpose resource of working memory.
Organspende: Es liegt an Ihnen, die Situation zu verbessern (2013)

In der Schweiz fehlen 1268 Organe. Swisstransplant will die Situation verbessern und hat Mitte September eine Kampagne für Organspende lanciert. Was sind die Hintergründe, und wieso plaziert Swisstransplant die Kampagne im Umkreis von Spitälern?
A Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a Technique for Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation of Deep Wells (1982)

ABSTRACTS In 1981, over 1,000 new wells were drilled below 15,000 feet1. Although bottom hole temperatures in these wells vary widely, all have a number of similar characteristics which make hydraulic fracturing treatments very difficult. These similarities may include high bottom hole pressures and temperatures, small diameter tubing, high closure pressures, low permeabilities, and tubing contraction problems while treating. The high treating pressures encountered necessitate the use of fluids with minimal pumping friction pressures. The high closure pressures often require the use of high strength proppants which are more difficult to transport than sand. Low formation permeabilities dictate the need for long propped fractures to achieve the desired production increase and thus long term fluid stability is required. To minimize contraction in long tubing strings, treating fluids often must be preheated (100–140°F). The high initial fluid temperatures can alter fluid properties downhole. The expected effective viscosity of treating fluids as a function of time and temperature are of key importance to the design of stimulation treatments for these wells. In most cases, crosslinked gels are the fluid of choice for stimulation treatments, and most crosslinked fluidsare shear history dependent, therefore possessing no unique rheological characteristics. The variable conditions encountered during the treatment such as tubing size, pump rate, surface fluid temperature and pipe time influence the rheological properties observed. A laboratory method has been developed to more concisely evaluate the role of the above parameters and data will be presented demonstrating the magnitude of the effects on the time-temperature stability of the crosslinked fluid. Results from both a laboratory and field evaluation of various techniques will be discussed. By achieving conditions where most of the crosslinked fluid viscosity is obtained in the fracture, a much higher viscosity and pipe shear independent fluid is obtained. The rheological data generated on the fluid is also more reliable.
Slipping on pedestrian surfaces: methods for measuring and evaluating the slip resistance (2015)

Tripping, slipping and falling accidents are among the types of accident with a high incidence. This article describes the requirements concerning slip resistance, as well as the state of the art of slip resistance measurement standards in the European Community and the USA. The article also describes how risk assessment can be performed in the field.
Multisource dissemination in content-centric networking (2013)

As one novel network architecture for future Internet, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is centered around content distribution and retrieval based on in-network caching. However, the potential advantage of in-network caching does not be fully unleashed in the original sketch of CCN. Network coding improves performance by introducing computing into current Internet. This paper proposes CCN-NC (Content-Centric Networking with Built-in Network Coding). In this architecture, in-network caching is collaborating with network coding to achieve multisource dissemination at network level. Firstly, this paper addresses some key challenges of CCN-NC's design, such as format of data message, naming, forwarding strategy and communication scheme. Then, we validate the architecture in the final part of the paper. The experiment results show that CCN-NC improves throughput by 35.5% compared to the current TCP/IP and by 17.4% compared to original CCN. The robustness of network also is increased.
A 900-MHz 1.5-V CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator using switched resonators with a wide tuning range (2003)

A 900-MHz fully integrated VCO was fabricated in a 0.18-μm foundry CMOS process. Under 1.5 V power supply, this VCO can be tuned from 667 MHz to 1156 MHz which corresponds to a 53.6% tuning range. The VCO has nearly constant phase noise over the whole tuning frequency, credit to the switched resonators used in this VCO. The phase noise at a 600 kHz offset is -123.1 dBc/Hz at 1125 MHz center frequency and -124.2 dBc/Hz at 667 MHz center frequency.
A New Burst Detection Scheme Using Parity Check Matrix of LDPC Code for Bit Flipping Burst-like Signal Degradation (2008)

In this paper, a new burst detection method using the check matrix of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is proposed. The burst detection for the bit flipping burst-like signal degradation which the conventional burst detection using a reproducing waveform, an equalizer output, an a posteriori probability (APP) decoder output and so on cannot detect is studied. The performance of the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system with the proposed burst detector is evaluated by computer simulation for a perpendicular magnetic recording channel with bit flipping burst-like signal degradation, and it is compared with that of the RS encoding and decoding system using the erasure correction. The results show that the LDPC coding and iterative decoding system with our burst detector shows the better performance and has the resistance to the bit flipping burst-like signal degradation of about 1500 bits.
Appendix I. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Cinnoline and Quinoxaline Derivatives (1953)

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Cinnoline and Quinoxaline DerivativesThe t:tbles show the positions of the principal maxima (in mp) and the molar extinction c0efficient.sfor the compounds in the so1vent.sindicated.
An experimental technique for full package inductance matrix characterization (1996)

A new experimental technique based on a network analyzer was developed for characterizing the full inductance matrices (both self and mutual inductance) of package/interconnect structures. This frequency-domain based measurement technique, including its formulation and procedure, is discussed in this paper. A total of four packages, an 120QFP, a 400TAB, a 313PBGA, and an Alloy 42 132CQFP were selected for the self/mutual L characterization. The measurement results are compared to those obtained by using a time domain reflectometer (TDR)-based technique as well as with the modeling data calculated by 3-D EM tools.
Concomitant gradient field effects in spiral scans (1999)

Maxwell's equations imply that imaging gradients are accompanied by higher order spatially varying fields (concomitant fields) that can cause artifacts in MR imaging. The lowest order concomitant fields depend quadratically on the imaging gradient amplitude and inversely on the static field strength. Time-varying concomitant fields that accompany the readout gradients of spiral scans cause unwanted phase accumulation during the readout, resulting in spatially dependent blurring. Concomitant field phase errors are independent of echo time and, therefore, cannot be detected using Dixon-type field map measurements that are normally used to deblur spiral scan images. Data acquisition methods that reduce concomitant field blurring increase off-resonant spin blurring, and vice versa. Blurring caused by concomitant fields can be removed by variations of image reconstruction methods developed to correct for spatially dependent resonance offsets with nonrectangular k-space trajectories.
Subunit Interactions in Dimeric Kinesin Heavy Chain Derivatives That Lack the Kinesin Rod (1995)

The N-terminal residues of the two heavy chains of the motor enzyme kinesin form two globular "heads"; the heads are attached to a "rod" domain which is a two-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil. Interaction between the heads is thought to be important to kinesin function. The rod may not be necessary for head-head interactions because a heavy chain N-terminal fragment containing only residues from the head and adjacent region forms dimers (Huang, T.-G., Suhan, J., and Hackney, D. D. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16502-16507). However, the nature and stability of the subunit-subunit interactions in such derivatives are unclear. To examine the physical properties of heavy chain interaction in and near the head domains, we characterized the self-association behavior of two dimeric kinesin derivatives predicted (Lupas, A., van Dyke, M., and Stock, J. (1991) Science 252, 1162-1164) to lack the rod. Derivative K448-BIO contains the 448 N-terminal residues of Drosophila kinesin heavy chain fused at the C terminus to a 2-residue linker and a C-terminal fragment from Escherichia coli biotin carboxyl carrier protein; derivative K448-L is the same except that it lacks the biotin carboxyl carrier protein fragment. Both derivatives expressed in insect cells display microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity; K448-BIO also displays microtubule motility. Equilibrium sedimentation and gel filtration indicate that purified K448-BIO and K448-L at 0.02-0.4 mg/ml form homogeneous solutions of homodimers with no detectable formation of monomers or higher order oligomers. Derivative self-association is non-covalent but extremely stable with an association constant > or = 2 x 10(8) M-1. Stable subunit-subunit association induced by structures in and near the kinesin heads may be necessary for full mechanochemical function.