gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot-scale validation of Co-ZSM-5 catalyst performance in the catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapours (2013)

The main objective of the present work was the evaluation of commercial ZSM-5 catalysts (diluted with a silica–alumina matrix) in the in situ upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis vapours and the validation of their bench-scale reactor performance in a pilot scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) pyrolysis reactor. The ZSM-5 based catalysts were tested both fresh and at the equilibrium state, and were further promoted with cobalt (Co, 5% wt%) using conventional wet impregnation techniques. All the tested catalysts had a significant effect on product yields and bio-oil composition, both at bench-scale and pilot scale experiments, producing less bio-oil but of better quality. Incorporation of Co exhibited no additional effect on water or coke production induced by ZSM-5, compared to non-catalytic fast pyrolysis. On the other hand, Co addition significantly increased the formation of CO2 compared to the CO increase which was favored by the use of ZSM-5 alone. These changes in CO2/CO yields are indicative of the different decarbonylation/decarboxylation mechanism that applies for Co3O4 compared to ZSM-5 zeolite, due to the differences in their acidic properties (mainly type of acid sites). Co-promoted ZSM-5 catalysts simultaneously enhanced the production of aromatics and phenols with a more pronounced performance in the pilot-scale experiments resulting in the formation of a three phase bio-oil, rather than the usual two phase catalytic pyrolysis oil (aqueous and organic phases). The third phase produced is even lighter than the aqueous phase and consists mainly of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. Addition of Co in ZSM-5 is thus suggested to strongly enhance aromatization reactions that result in selectivity increase towards aromatics in the bio-oil produced. Possible routes of catalyst deactivation in the pilot plant's continuous operation process have been suggested and are related to pore blocking and masking of acid sites by formed coke (reversible deactivation), partial framework dealumination of the fresh zeolitic catalyst, and accumulative ash deposition on the catalyst that depends on the nature of biomass (content of ash).
Tibial anatomy and functional axes (1989)

Articular geometry of the tibia has been studied in relation to the functional axis and extra-articular bone landmarks, using a Cartesian coordinate system. Thirty-one cadaver limbs were used, 26 of them paired. The donor age range was 61 to 89 years (17 females, 14 males), none of whom showed evidence of significant arthritic deterioration. Most linear parameters were greater in males than females (p less than 0.005), and correlations between these parameters were noted, e.g., tibial length versus plateau width (r = 0.7, p less than 0.01) with both genders combined. Gender differences occurred in only two of the angular parameters--tibial torsion (p less than 0.025) and foot rotation (p less than 0.005). For the latter, mean rotation was internal (-5 degrees) for males, and external (11 degrees) for females. No correlations between angular parameters were found. In the paired limbs, there was asymmetrical distribution of just two parameters--varus tilt of the tibial plateau margins (p less than 0.005) and lateral deviation of the tuberosity (p less than 0.025). The data complement a previous report on the femur. These studies are relevant to the kinematics of the lower limb, design and sizing of resurfacing components, and possibly to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Genetics of vitamin D increase after supplementation (2020)

Introduction The 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level depends on vitamin D intake, endogenous vitamin D production and genetic factors. The latter have been demonstrated in large genome-wide association studies indicating that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to the vitamin D metabolism are as important for serum 25(OH)D levels as the influence of season. The aim of the present study was to investigate genetic effects of ten selected SNPs related to vitamin D metabolism on vitamin D increase 25(OH)D after vitamin D supplementation in three randomized controlled trials.
syn,syn‐1,6:8,17:10,15‐Trismethano[18]annulene Dication—Dication of a [4n+2]Annulene (1978)

syn,syn-Trismethano[18]annulene gives the 4nπ dication (1) in superacid solution: this species was detected by its spectra and trapped with methanol. Charge accumulates at the four perimeter atoms of the central rings.
Pumps Energy Consumption Based on New EU Legislation (2014)

The presented case study compares the energy consumption of four different circulation pumps, out of which two meet the new efficiency requirements. To analyze the influence of the new energy efficiency index (EEI) and options to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on the operating conditions and the performance of the pump in a circulator system, a thermal test model was constructed. Several simulation tests with different pumps and varying fluid temperature and flow parameters were conducted. The paper analyzes Estonia's electricity production and options for reduced CO2 emission that can be achieved by the change of circulation pumps in domestic household systems.
Complexation of Microcystins and Nodularin by Cyclodextrins in Aqueous Solution, a Potential Removal Strategy (2011)

Cyanotoxins are potent toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria during algal blooms, which threaten drinking water supplies. These compounds can poison and kill animals and humans. The host-guest interactions of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CD) with problematic cyanotoxins, including microcystins (MCs) and nodularin (NOD), were investigated to demonstrate the potential application of CDs for the removal of these toxins from drinking water or applications related to their separation or purification. MCs and NOD have a hydrophobic Adda chain, which contains diene and benzene functional groups. The complexation of these cyanotoxins with CDs was monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The (1)H NMR spectra for MCs are unchanged upon addition of α-CD (smallest host). However, addition of larger hosts, β-CD and γ-CD, leads to significant changes in chemical shifts of the benzene and diene resonances on the 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethal-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) chain of MCs and NOD. Solution pH, natural organic matter, and salinity do not appreciably influence the host-guest complexation under our experimental conditions. The experimental binding constants for MCs and NOD with γ-CD are relatively strong, ranging from 1155 to 507 M(-1). The observed changes in chemical shifts for specific protons and competitive binding experiments demonstrate a 1:1 inclusion complex between γ-CD and MCs or NOD, with the Adda chains threading through the CD ring, resulting in an inclusion complex. Our results suggest that CD-type substrates are useful hosts for the complexation of MCs and NOD. CDs can be readily attached to a number of polymeric or solid supports and their functionality tailored to strengthen specific host-guest interactions. With further development of such materials, CD host-guest chemistry may find direct application in the removal and/or separation science of these compounds.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Intact Proteins from Alcohol-Preserved Tissue Specimens: Bypassing Formalin Fixation (2008)

Imaging mass spectrometry is becoming a key technology for the investigation of the molecular content of biological tissue sections in direct correlation with the underlying histology. Much of our work has been done with fresh-frozen tissue sections that has undergone minimal protein degradation between the time a tissue biopsy is sampled and the time it is snap-frozen so that no preserving or fixing agents need to be added to the frozen biopsy. However, in many sampling environments, immediate flash freezing may not be possible and so we have explored the use of ethanol-preserved, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens for proteomic analyses. Solvent-only preserved tissue specimens provide long-term preservation at room temperature, generation of high quality histological sections and little if any chemical alteration of the proteins. Using mouse organs, several key steps involved in the tissue dehydration process have been investigated to assess the potential of such preserved specimens for profiling and imaging mass spectrometry investigations.
Collisions of Fast Highly Charged Ions in Gas Targets: Ionization, Recoil-Ion Production, and Charge Transfer (1983)

Electron-capture, ionization, and recoil-ion-production cross-sections are measured and calculated for fast highly charged projectiles in hydrogen and rare-gas targets. Recoil-ion-production cross-sections are found to be large; the low energy and high charge states of the recoil ions make them useful for subsequent collision studies.
CHAOTIC NEURAL FUZZY ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY (1999)

A chaotic neuron model with the linear saturating activation function is analyzed. The model accounts for the property of relative refractoriness, that is, gradual recovery of responsiveness of a biological neuron after a stimulus is applied to the neuron. A neural network model composed of chaotic neurons with the linear saturating activation functions, which includes the generalized Brain-State-in-a-Box (gBSB) model as a special case, is proposed and analyzed. The proposed model is then used to implement associative memory. The existence and stability of equilibrium points of the model are analyzed. Fuzzy logic is used to tune associative memory parameters for the purpose of directing the network trajectory to visit memory patterns with sought features. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the memory retrieval capability.
A life consumption monitoring methodology for electronic systems (2003)

Failures in electronic products are often attributable to various combinations, intensities, and durations of environmental loads, such as temperature, humidity, vibration, and radiation. For many of the failure mechanisms in electronic products, there are models that relate environmental loads to the time to failure of the product. Thus, by monitoring the environment of a product over its life cycle, it may be possible to determine the amount of damage induced by various loads and predict when the product might fail. This paper describes the development of a physics-of-failure-based methodology for determining the damage or life consumption in a product. As a demonstration of the methodology, a data recorder has been used to monitor the temperature and vibration loads on a printed circuit board placed under the hood of a car. The data collected by the recorder has been used to determine the life consumption in the solder joints of the printed circuit board due to temperature and vibration loading. The calculated remaining life has then been compared with temperature cycling test results on the board to assess the validity of the approach.
Dietary Modulation of Cytokine Production and Biologic Functions (2009)

Cytokines play a key role as communication signals during both normal immunologic responses and pathologic conditions leading to infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Production and biologic function of cytokines are affected by changes in macro- and micronutrients. On the other hand, metabolic and catabolic consequences of the action of cytokines change nutrient status and the distribution of nutrients in tissues. The effect of some nutrients on cytokine production as well as some of the biologic effects of cytokines are mediated through metabolites of arachidonic acid (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc.). Other mechanisms involved in nutrient-induced changes of cytokines needs to be determined. Understanding the role of nutrients in cytokine production and biologic function during normal homeostasis, as well as under pathologic conditions, can help in designing proper dietary modification for the prevention and therapy of diseases.
Specificity of an antibody directed against d-methamphetamine. Rigid and nonrigid analogs (1976)

The specificity of an antibody directed against d-(S)-methamphetamine (MA) was determined by competitive binding assay with more than 50 compounds-metabolites, homologs, and analogs of amphetamine. The antibody appears to be specific both for the side chain and the aromatic ring of d-(S)-amphetamine (A). The basic requirements for a compound to be bound to the antibody are (a) an aromatic ring, (b) a basic nitrogen, and (c) a two-carbon chain between the aromatic ring and the nitrogen. A transoid conformation for the phenethylamine skeleton is preferred. The interaction of the antibody with compounds differing from MA or A in side-chain substitutions was directly proportional to the closeness of their structure to MA and/or A. The antibody exhibited greatly reduced affinity for ring-substituted analogs of A; the p-hydroxy metabolite of A did not bind to the antibody. A radioimmunoassay of A is described; it was utilized to study the disposition of A in dogs.
Resection of the first rib, following deep arm vein thrombolysis in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. (1989)

In order to evaluate, the prophylactic effect of first rib resection in patients with fibrinolytic recanalised deep arm vein thrombosis, we present our experience with 21 patients. After recanalisation 12 had phlebographic signs of venous compression in the costoclavicular space, with the arm in the normal position. This fulfills the requirements for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). In 60 normal persons without symptoms of TOS none had phlebographic signs of venous compression with the arm in normal position. This difference is significant. In the 12 patients TOS was suspected was to be the underlying cause of rethrombosis and first rib resection was performed. Two patients with TOS had rethrombosis before first rib resection could be performed. At follow up 1 to 6 years after the thrombosis no rethrombosis was found. TOS and deep arm vein thrombosis is rare. Controlled studies are not available. We advocate first rib resection in patients with successful fibrinolysis and TOS in order to avoid rethrombosis.
ChemInform Abstract: COBALT TO OXYGEN MIGRATION OF THE TRIMETHYLSILYL GROUP IN TRIMETHYLSILYLCOBALT TETRACARBONYL (1973)

Abstract Beim Erhitzen von Trimethylsilyl‐kobalttetracarbonyl (I) auf 105°C erhält man die Verbindungen (II) und (III).
Integrating Smart Items with Business Processes An Experience Report (2005)

Smart item technologies, like RFID and sensor networks, are considered to be the next big step in business process automation. Through automatic and real-time data acquisition, these technologies can benefit a great variety of industries by improving the efficiency of their operations. SAP's Auto-ID infrastructure enables the integration of RFID and sensor technologies with existing business processes. In this paper we give an overview of the existing infrastructure, discuss lessons learned from successful customer pilots, and point out some of the open research issues.
A method for chronic drug infusion into the eye. (1984)

A method was established for chronic drug delivery into the vitreous of the rabbit eye. A cannula was inserted into the eye through the pars plana. A silicone plate controlled the intraocular location of the tip of the cannula; this plate also served as an anchor plate to the sclera. The distal end of the cannula was attached via a larger diameter silicone tubing to an implanted osmotic mini-pump. Cannulas remained patent and there was almost no evidence of ocular trauma after one year follow-up. This method thus has a potential use for experimental studies involving chronic application of drugs.
16. DESENSITIZATION OF Al ADENOSINE RECEPTORS (1995)

It is well known that exposure of sensitive cells to receptor agonists can cause a progressive reduction in their capacity to respond to this and related agonists. This phenomenon has been observed with cells expressing receptors from different superfamilies, and has been termed desensitization, refractoriness, tolerance, or tachyphylaxis [I}. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have been studied extensively in cells that synthesize cyclic AMP in response to beta-adrenergic agonists. Exposure of such cells to isoproterenol or similar drugs may result in receptor uncoupling, receptor sequestration, and ultimately, in downregulation of receptors, resulting in a decline in the actual number of receptors [2}. Much less is known about receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity such as opiate, alpha2 adrenergic, or certain types of muscarinic receptors, but desensitization of those receptors after prolonged exposure to agonist has been described in many cases [l}. Several groups have investigated the mechanisms involved in the desensitization of the Al adenosine receptor as another member of the family of inhibitory receptors. In analogy to other G-proteincoupled receptors, there is evidence that Al adenosine receptors might also undergo desensitization after prolonged or repeated incubation with agonist. Desensitization of A 1 Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase Activity
Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Active Trailing Edge for Smart Helicopter Rotor Blade (2008)

A new concept is proposed for individual blade control: the Active Trailing Edge (ATE). The objective of this paper is to present the current status of design and optimization of the ATE. Due to the specific nature of the subject an inherently multi-disciplinary approach is taken. The aeroservoelastic optimization of the ATE actuator is based on evolutionary algorithm. The resulting optimal actuator design, the sensitivity of the optimal design to manufacturing and material constraints and some key performance characteristics like aeroservoelastic airfoil polars and Mach-number influence on aerodynamic effectiveness are presented. For the purpose of comprehensive rotor dynamics simulation including the dynamic and aeroservoelastic behaviour of the ATE actuator, a reduced-order model is developed. The paper concludes with a presentation of active helicopter benefit analysis.
Pericostal Tuberculosis Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Report of a Case with a Review of the Literature (2005)

We present an 81-year-old woman with pericostal tuberculosis, a rare disease recently, without a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculous pleurisy. She developed a subcutaneous nodule on her right chest. She was suspected of skin tuberculosis after the confirmation of acid-fast bacilli in a fine needle aspiration material of the nodule. A tuberculin skin test was strongly positive. The nodule was resected, and preclusive antituberculosis chemotherapy with rifampicin and isoniazid was started. The histological findings included granulomatous changes, central necrosis and Langhans' giant cells. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified from a culture of the specimen. About six months after the operation, no erythema, nodule or abscess was observed. We first suspected that she had mammary carcinoma and therefore observed the nodules on the thorax; it is important to differentiate tuberculosis from neoplasms. We also reviewed 22 cases of pericostal tuberculosis in Japan reported in the 15 years from 1976 to 2002.
Quantitative surface analysis of styrene–butadiene copolymers using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1995)

Abstract The potential applicability of time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS) as an independent quantitative technique has been studied using a more complicated copolymer system: styrene‐butadiene copolymer. The complication of this system is that the characteristic SIMS peaks are not unique to each monomer. It has been found that quantitative information can be obtained from the relative SIMS intensities of certain characteristic peaks, i.e. m / z = 63, 89, 103 and 115 for styrene and 53, 67 and 79 for butadiene. In particular, the intensity ratios A /( A + B ), where A and B represent, respectively, the above characteristic peaks of styrene and butadiene, have been found to be linearly related to the bulk styrene molar concentration. These results suggest that a sensitivity factor that is constant and independent of the copolymer composition can be defined for these peaks. However, this conclusion cannot be generalized for other SIMS peaks, such as m / z = 77, 91 and 105.
Carcinoma larynx--topographical distribution. (2002)

One hundred and sixty subjects were included in our study, collected from four hospitals in Dhaka City. The mean age (+/- SD) of study subjects were 54.67 +/- 11.27 years. Out of 160 subjects 155 was males and 5 were females, and male to female ratio was 31:1. The highest number of study subjects was related to cultivation (40.62%). The majority of study subjects were from the low socio-economic status (68.72%). Carcinoma larynx is a multifactorial disease. Smoking and chewing habit are the most important factors associated with carcinoma larynx. Most of the male (93.12%) subjects were smoker. One hundred and fifteen (71.87%) subjects were found chewing habit of betel leaves with other ingredients. Hoarseness of voice was the commonest symptom 65.62%. Regional distribution of tumour showed supraglottic carcinoma topping the list (69.38%) followed by glottic carcinoma (30.62%) and there was no subglottic carcinoma. Site involvement in supraglottic carcinoma was found in combined location topping the list (89.20%). In glottic carcinoma majority was found glottic with supraglottic extension (65.31%). In majority cases growth were exophytic 52.50%. Palpable lymph mode was found in 48.75% of cases. All the carcinoma of larynx was found histologically of squamous cell type.
An Innovative Solution Based on Human-Computer Interaction to Support Cognitive Rehabilitation (2014)

This contribution focuses its objective in describing the design and implementation of an innovative system to provide cognitive rehabilitation. People who will take advantage of this platform suffer from a post-stroke disease called Apraxia and Action Disorganisation Syndrome (AADS). The platform has been integrated at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and tries to reduce the stay in hospital or rehabilitation center by supporting self-rehabilitation at home. So, the system acts as an intelligent machine which guides patients while executing Activities of Daily Living (ADL), such as preparing a simple tea, by informing them about the errors committed and possible actions to correct them. A short introduction to other works related to stroke, patients to work with, how the system works and how it is implemented are provided in the document. Finally, some relevant information from experiment made with healthy people for technical validation is also shown.
IT Projects: Conflict, Governance, and Systems Thinking (2006)

Triggered by several embarrassing (and costly) IT project collapses in New Zealand’s public sector, a government report found that effective project control required good governance measures to be in place. Escalating conflict amongst project stakeholders, particularly where the IT projects are large and complex, is often cited as a major contributor to project problems. Conflict, and its resolution, will be affected by factors that are difficult to control, including culture and politics. In this paper we apply the basic concepts of systems thinking to deliver a holistic research framework, focusing on the project-related conflict resolution process. Key constructs include: input (stakeholder conflict); output (e.g. resolution outcome, satisfaction with outcome); contextual factors (e.g. power, culture); and, most importantly, the control mechanism (governance). This framework was empirically tested using a single case study. Our research found strong support for the model.