gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence analysis of partial toxR gene from Philippine Vibrio isolates and design of toxR-targeted primers for detection (2005)

Vibriosis in penaeid species cultured in the Philippines results in massive mortalities and consequently in severe economic losses in the shrimp industry. Rapid and accurate detection of the causative agent of the disease is imperative. In this study, toxR gene sequence analysis of ten Vibrio isolates (from several provinces of the Philippines) implicated in disease affecting the penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon) was performed in order to develop a toxR-targeted PCR detection of similar strains of shrimp pathogens. Analysis of the partial toxR gene revealed 97-100% sequence similarity among the ten Philippine Vibrio isolates. Distinct sequence variation of the toxR gene, however, was observed between the Philippine Vibrio isolates and the type strains, with the Philippine isolates exhibiting only 92-93% and 74-75% sequence similarity with the type strain V. campbellii (NBRC 15631T) and V. harveyi (NBRC 15634T), respectively. The use of a PCR primer set that was designed based on toxR sequences of the Philippine Vibrio isolates amplified the expected 226-bp toxR fragment using templates from all ten Philippine Vibrio isolates. No amplified product was observed in PCR using templates from type strains of V. harveyi, V. campbellii, and other non-target bacteria, suggesting that the primers were specific for the Philippine Vibrio isolates. The toxR-targeted PCR primers reported in this study could be useful in the detection of Philippine Vibrio isolates associated with mortalities in the shrimp industry, which could not be detected in PCR using primers designed for type strains of V. harveyi and V. campbellii.
Investigation on CO2 laser irradiation inducing glass strip peeling for microchannel formation (2012)

The study investigates the use of CO(2) laser to induce glass strip peeling off to form microchannels on soda lime gass substrate. The strip peeling exhibits a strong dependence on the energy deposition rate on the glass surface. In spite of the vast difference in the combination of laser power and scanning speed, when the ratio of the two makes the energy deposition rate in the range 3.0-6.0 J/(cm(2) s), the temperature rising inside glass will be above the strain point and reach the softening region of the glass. As a result, glass strip peeling is able to occur and form microchannels with dimensions of 20-40 μm in depth and 200-280 μm in width on the glass surface. Beyond this range, higher energy depsotion rate would lead to surface melting associated with solidification cracks and lower energy deposition rate causes the generation of fragment cracks.
Spectral reflectance variability of skin and attributing factors (2015)

Knowledge of the spectral reflectance signature of human skin over a wide spectral range will help advance the development of sensing systems for many applications, ranging from medical treatment to security technology. A critical component of the signature of human skin is the variability across the population. We describe a simple measurement method to measure human skin reflectance of the inside of the forearm. The variability of the reflectance spectra for a number of subjects measured at NIST is determined using statistical methods. The degree of variability is explored and discussed. We also propose a method for collaborating with other scientists, outside of NIST, to expand the data set of signatures to include a more diverse population and perform a meta-analysis to further investigate the variability of human skin reflectance.
Increased plasmid copy number is essential for Yersinia T3SS function and virulence (2016)

Pathogenic bacteria have evolved numerous virulence mechanisms that are essential for establishing infections. The enterobacterium Yersinia uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by a 70-kilobase, low-copy, IncFII-class virulence plasmid. We report a novel virulence strategy in Y. pseudotuberculosis in which this pathogen up-regulates the plasmid copy number during infection. We found that an increased dose of plasmid-encoded genes is indispensable for virulence and substantially elevates the expression and function of the T3SS. Remarkably, we observed direct, tight coupling between plasmid replication and T3SS function. This regulatory pathway provides a framework for further exploration of the environmental sensing mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria.
Combined Static and Dynamic Density Functional Study of the Ti(IV) Constrained Geometry Catalyst (CpSiH2NH)TiR+. 1. Resting States and Chain Propagation (1996)

The resting state structure of the metallocene−alkyl cation, the coordination of the olefin to the preferred resting state structure, and the insertion process of the Ti-constrained geometry catalyst (CpSiH2NH)TiR+ have been studied with density functional theory. A combined static and dynamic approach has been utilized whereby “static” calculations of the stationary points on the potential surface are meshed with first principles Car−Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. The first molecular dynamics simulation specifically addressing the structure of a metallocene−alkyl cation is presented showing rapid interconversion between γ- and β-agostic conformations. Complementary static calculations show a small energetic preference for a γ-agostic resting state. Coordination of the olefin to the Ti−alkyl resting state is likely to result in the formation of a β-agostic π-complex which is highly favored energetically over other π-complexes that may initially form. The whole propagation cycle was studied from π-complex to subsequent π-complex. The propagation barrier corresponds to the insertion process which was calculated to have a free energy barrier of ΔG⧧ = 24.3 kJ/mol at 300 K. The initial β-agostic interactions which stabilize the π-complex are replaced by α-agostic bonds which stabilize the insertion transition state. A study of the back-side insertion process reveals that it may be competitive with the front-side insertion process.
Buffer-gas cooling of antiprotonic helium to 1.5 to 1.7 K, and antiproton-to–electron mass ratio (2016)

Charge, parity, and time reversal (CPT) symmetry implies that a particle and its antiparticle have the same mass. The antiproton-to-electron mass ratio [Formula: see text] can be precisely determined from the single-photon transition frequencies of antiprotonic helium. We measured 13 such frequencies with laser spectroscopy to a fractional precision of 2.5 × 10<sup>-9</sup> to 16 × 10<sup>-9</sup> About 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> antiprotonic helium atoms were cooled to temperatures between 1.5 and 1.7 kelvin by using buffer-gas cooling in cryogenic low-pressure helium gas; the narrow thermal distribution led to the observation of sharp spectral lines of small thermal Doppler width. The deviation between the experimental frequencies and the results of three-body quantum electrodynamics calculations was reduced by a factor of 1.4 to 10 compared with previous single-photon experiments. From this, [Formula: see text] was determined as 1836.1526734(15), which agrees with a recent proton-to-electron experimental value within 8 × 10<sup>-10</sup>.
A novel cylindrical torsional magnetoelectric composite based ond15shear-mode response (2015)

This paper reports a cylindrical shear-mode magnetoelectric (ME) composite developed based on a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) tube bonded with an NdFeB permanent magnet for magnetic coupling. The existence of a significant ME effect originating from the superior d15 electromechanical response of the piezoelectric phase is theoretically predicted and experimentally observed with a voltage coefficient of 28.8 mV/Oe (RMS) outside resonance and a maximum power density of 4.56 μW (cm3·Oe2)−1 at resonance, which are much higher than previous shear-mode ME composites without bias field in the literature. These suggest broad application prospects of this particular ME composite as magnetic sensors, transducers and energy harvesters.
Reverse Genetic Approach to Identify Regulators of Pigmentation using Zebrafish (2022)

Melanocytes are specialized neural crest-derived cells present in the epidermal skin. These cells synthesize melanin pigment that protects the genome from harmful ultraviolet radiations. Perturbations in melanocyte functioning lead to pigmentary disorders such as piebaldism, albinism, vitiligo, melasma, and melanoma. Zebrafish is an excellent model system to understand melanocyte functions. The presence of conspicuous pigmented melanocytes, ease of genetic manipulation, and availability of transgenic fluorescent lines facilitate the study of pigmentation. This study employs the use of wild-type and transgenic zebrafish lines that drive green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression under mitfa and tyrp1 promoters that mark various stages of melanocytes. Morpholino-based silencing of candidate genes is achieved to evaluate the phenotypic outcome on larval pigmentation and is applicable to screen for regulators of pigmentation. This protocol demonstrates the method from microinjection to imaging and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based dissection of phenotypes using two candidate genes, carbonic anhydrase 14 (Ca14) and a histone variant (H2afv), to comprehensively assess the pigmentation outcome. Further, this protocol demonstrates segregating candidate genes into melanocyte specifiers and differentiators that selectively alter melanocyte numbers and melanin content per cell, respectively.
A crosstalk between intracellular CXCR7 and CXCR4 involved in rapid CXCL12-triggered integrin activation but not in chemokine-triggered motility of human T lymphocytes and CD34+ cells (2008)

The chemokine CXCL12 promotes migration of human leukocytes, hematopoietic progenitors, and tumor cells. The binding of CXCL12 to its receptor CXCR4 triggers Gi protein signals for motility and integrin activation in many cell types. CXCR7 is a second, recently identified receptor for CXCL12, but its role as an intrinsic G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) has been debated. We report that CXCR7 fails to support on its own any CXCL12-triggered integrin activation or motility in human T lymphocytes or CD34(+) progenitors. CXCR7 is also scarcely expressed on the surface of both cell types and concentrates right underneath the plasma membrane with partial colocalization in early endosomes. Nevertheless, various specific CXCR7 blockers get access to this pool and attenuate the ability of CXCR4 to properly rearrange by surface-bound CXCL12, a critical step in the ability of the GPCR to trigger optimal CXCL12-mediated stimulation of integrin activation in T lymphocytes as well as in CD34(+) cells. In contrast, CXCL12-triggered CXCR4 signaling to early targets, such as Akt as well as CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis, is insensitive to identical CXCR7 blocking. Our findings suggest that although CXCR7 is not an intrinsic signaling receptor for CXCL12 on lymphocytes or CD34(+) cells, its blocking can be useful for therapeutic interference with CXCR4-mediated activation of integrins.
Targeting inflammation in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2013)

Islets of patients with type 2 diabetes display the typical features of an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of cytokines, chemokines, immune cell infiltration, impaired function and tissue destruction with fibrotic areas. Functional studies have shown that targeting inflammation may improve insulin secretion and sensitivity. In particular clinical proof of concept studies using modulators of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-nuclear factor--κB (NF-κB) pathway demonstrated the role of the innate immune system in type 2 diabetes. This programme has now entered the phase 3 of clinical development. Other targets such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) may be equally important but have been neglected based on poorly designed studies. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes and review the opportunity of clinical translation.
Praktische Aspekte der Therapie des metastasierten Mammakarzinoms mit Paclitaxel-weekly (2004)

Hintergrund: Die dosisdichte wöchentliche Behandlung mit Paclitaxel verbindet einen potenten Antitumoreffekt mit einer im Vergleich zur 3-wöchentlichen Standardtherapie reduzierten Toxizität. Daher bietet sich diese Therapie speziell für die palliative Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms an.
Gp130 cytokines stimulate proteasomal degradation of tyrosine hydroxylase in sympathetic neurons (2009)

Alterations in cardiac sympathetic transmission after myocardial infarction contribute to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) content, the rate‐limiting enzyme in norepinephrine synthesis, is depleted in the left ventricle after myocardial infarction, but elevated in other parts of heart. At the same time that TH content per nerve fiber is decreased, inflammatory cytokines including leukemia inhibitory factor, cardiotrophin‐1 and interleukin 6 are elevated in the damaged ventricle after myocardial infarction. These cytokines signal through the gp130 receptor complex, and preliminary data in cultured sympathetic neurons suggests that activation of gp130 stimulates TH degradation. We used cultured sympathetic neurons to investigate the effect of gp130 cytokines on TH content. Inhibiting proteasome activity by lactacystin prevented cytokine‐induced TH protein loss in cultured sympathetic neurons. These data suggest that gp130 cytokines have a direct effect on TH protein stability, providing a potential mechanism for the local depletion of TH in the left ventricle after myocardial infarction. Additional preliminary data suggest the absence of gp130 receptor in sympathetic neurons prevented depletion of TH protein in the left ventricle after myocardial infarction. Supported by: Steinberg graduate Fellowship (XS), NIH HL68321 (BAH)
Design of a Multiple Beam Wideband Antenna Using 8x8 Butler Matrix Beamformer for 5G NR Bands (2022)

A wideband Butler matrix beamformer is combined with a 1x8 linear array consisting of wideband U-slot antennas on conventional microwave substrate. The resulting eight beams allow beamforming between ±56°. A 19.86% bandwidth was achieved for the U-slot antenna. A peak realized gain of about 15.97 dBi was observed at the center frequency of 2.62 GHz. This design can be used for 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation new radio (NR) frequency bands N7, N38, and N41, N53.
Electron transfer in fixed-nuclei systems: A comparison of propagator descriptions (1979)

Site-to-site electron transfer rates in a fixed-nucleus system are described using the polarization propagator, the time-dependent number operator, and the electron propagator. We show that given a proper choice of the initial state, the first two agree with each other. The number-operator expression forms an upper bound to the transfer rate given by the electron propagator. Numerical studies on two-site and three-site Hubbard models indicate that the electron propagator in the Hartree–Fock approximation provides a good approximation to the initial transfer rate, for a wide choice of electron repulsion strengths.
Structural disconnections in brain tumours: investigating the similarity of Direct and Indirect Approaches (2023)

Gliomas are amongst the most common primary brain tumours in adults and are often associated with poor prognosis. Understanding the extent of white matter (WM) which is affected outside the tumoral lesion may be of paramount importance to explain cognitive deficits and the clinical progression of the disease. Thus, we apply both direct (i.e., tractography based) and indirect (i.e., atlas based) approaches to quantifying WM structural disconnections in a cohort of 50 glioma patients. We eventually compare the disconnections maps provided by the two methodologies in terms of spatial similarity and discuss their critical use in this field.
Full Project Proposal (2002)

from 26 countries in science.A downward trend starts in middle school and continues through high school: the twelfth grade scores were below average and among the lowest of the twenty-one nations compared (NCES, 2000; 2001).In Massachusetts, only 37% of eighth grade students are proficient in science (Henry, 1997), and 31% score below the basic level.Recent educational standards call for pedagogical approaches based in inquiry.Here, students identify issues, questions, and problems they find meaningful, choose methods of exploration, carry out their studies, and engage in discussion about their findings and ideas (NRC, 1996).Under these standards, teachers provide a learning context where students interact and voice their ideas, as well as express and choose their individual approaches, and where students' ideas are acknowledged and are incorporated into the problem-solving process (Davis, 1999).Active participation in scientific inquiry allows learners to target issues, questions, and problems they find meaningful, outline methods of exploration, carry out their studies, and engage in discourse and debate about their discoveries and ideas.It is especially important to the middle school student that science education focus on the present and the future (Hurd, 2000).What are the unresolved problems and issues facing science and society today?Improving the quality of life has always been a goal of science education and that objective must transfer into a "lived curriculum" which enables students to make sense of science in their daily lives, and engage in science practice (Hurd, 2000).
Glutaraldehyde Fixation of Bovine Humeral Head Articular Cartilage Maintains Functional Frictional Response (2013)

Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure that replaces the injured half of a diarthrodial joint (such as the hip or shoulder) with a smooth impermeable metal surface, leaving the apposing healthy cartilage layer intact. In 2006, more than 260,000 hip and shoulder hemiarthroplasties were performed in the United States alone [1]. Hemiarthroplasties are often revised to total arthroplasties, due in part to premature erosion of the intact, initially healthy cartilage [2]. Recent theoretical and experimental studies [3, 4] have shown that the low friction and wear of healthy diarthrodial joints depend critically upon sustained, elevated pressure of the interstitial water within the porous cartilage. Because this fluid pressure is continuous across the porous-permeable cartilage contact interface, the impermeable bearing surface implanted in hemiarthroplasty may substantially disrupt the natural lubrication of the apposing healthy cartilage [5]. Motivated by the established clinical success of implanting glutaraldehyde-treated porcine and bovine heart valves and pericardial grafts in humans, the objective of this study was to investigate whether a novel bioprosthetic hemiarthroplasty, utilizing a glutaraldehyde-treated cartilage xenograft, can reproduce the sustained low friction of a healthy natural diarthrodial joint. The specific aim of this study was to measure and compare the 24 h in-vitro frictional response of a bovine shoulder joint with that of a bioprosthetic hemiarthroplasty consisting of a glutaraldehyde-treated humeral head and an untreated, native cartilage glenoid.
Synthesis of 3,3-bis(3-fluorophenyl)-[2,3-3H2]-1-propanamine hydrochloride ([3H2]-NPS 846·HCl): a novel ligand for the NMDA receptor (1998)

3,3-Bis(3-fluorophenyl)-1-propanamine hydrochloride (NPS 846·HCl, 1a) is representative of a new class of diphenylpropylamine NMDA receptor antagonists. The corresponding radiolabelled ligand was prepared by catalytic tritiation of its precursor olefin (4), which was synthesized in a three-step reaction sequence starting from 3,3′-difluorobenzophenone (2). Catalytic tritiation of 4 was performed in a two-component solvent system ([3:1] 1,4-dioxane/methanol). The percentage of isotope incorporation was found to be dependent on the nature of the reaction solvent. Experiments with deuterium gas indicate that higher radiochemical incorporation can be obtained by reduction in either neat 1,4-dioxane or methyl alcohol-d. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pyrosol Technique to Deposit Highly Transparent, Low‐Resistance SnO2:F Thin Films from Dimethyltin Dichloride. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DIVISION VI: INTERSTELLAR MATTER (2008)

Division VI provides a focus for astronomers studying a wide range of problems related to the physical and chemical properties of interstellar matter in the Milky Way and other galaxies.
Organization of motor pools in the chick lumbar lateral motor column (1980)

Motor pool positions for individual leg muscles were mapped in hatched chicks using intramuscular injections of HRP. Several leg muscles were also mapped in stage 38 (12-day) embryos. The results indicate that an adult map is formed by stage 38. The adult motor pool map can be viewed as being composed of two maps, one for muscles derived from the embryonic ventral muscle mass, the other for muscles derived from the dorsal mass. Each of these maps is a continuous, although distorted, representation of muscle precursor position on the original sheets of dorsal and ventral muscle mass. The developmental implications of these findings are discussed.