gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multimedia authoring tool for the Internet (2002)

The World Wide Web has gone through many improvements since its birth. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI), client and server-side scripting, form processing, integration of Web components, better security are some of the most notable enhancements which bring higher levels of interactivity and 'intelligence' to the Web, making it more able to meet both educational and business needs. This paper concentrates on the use of Web components in practice. More specifically, to show how a component framework paradigm can be a cost-effective and time-saving solution for developers and users alike, a prototype Internet multimedia authoring tool based on a particular component framework is introduced. In a more general sense, this paper hopes to bring into perspective the viability of the current use of component frameworks on the Internet and how they can also leverage Web application development efforts which need not be restricted only to electronic books.
An integrated hybrid neural network and hidden Markov model classifier for sonar signal classification (2002)

Presents an integrated hybrid neural network and hidden Markov model (HMM) classifier that combines the time normalization property of the HMM classifier with the superior discriminative ability of the neural net (NN). Sonar signals display a strong time varying characteristic. Although the neural net has been successful in classifying transient like sonar signals, the success is achieved either by using a bigger net architecture or by incorporating a detection mechanism in the classification procedure. The present authors propose an integrated hybrid HMM and neural net classifier where a left-to-right HMM module is used first. The HMM module segments the observation sequence belonging to every exemplar into a fixed number of states starting from the left. After this segmentation, all the frames belonging to the same state are replaced by one average frame. Thus, every exemplar, irrespective of its time scale variation, is transformed into a fixed number of frames, i.e., a static pattern. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural net is then used as the classifier for these time normalized exemplars. For successful modeling and classification, each frame is succinctly represented by a feature vector. Two feature extraction schemes are considered-the first one is based on the FFT power spectral coefficient, and the second one is based on the quadrature mirror filter (QMF) bank based subband decomposition. Finally, some experimental results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid integrated classifier.
Including additional properties in WebDAV PROPFIND/allprop requests (2005)

Recent specifications extending the Web Distributed Authoring Protocol
(WebDAV) restrict the set of properties returned automatically upon a
PROPFIND/allprop request. This specification defines a method to add
specific properties to the set of properties returned upon
PROPFIND/allprop. Distribution of this document is unlimited. Please
send comments to the Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)
working group at w3c-dist-auth@w3.org[1], which may be joined by
sending a message with subject subscribe to w3c-dist-auth-
request@w3.org[2]. Discussions of the WEBDAV working group are
archived at URL: http:// lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/w3c-dist-auth/.
Genetic Exchange Within and Between Assemblages of Giardia duodenalis (2009)

Meiotic sex evolved early in the history of eukaryotes. Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis), a parasitic protist belonging to an early diverging lineage of eukaryotes, shows no cytological or physiological evidence of meiotic or sexual processes. Recent molecular analyses challenge the idea that G. duodenalis is a strictly clonal organism by providing evidence of recombination between homologous chromosomes within one subgroup (Assemblage A) of this species as well as genetic transfer from one subgroup to another (Assemblage A-B). Because recombination is not well documented and because it is not known whether the observed inter-assemblage transfer represents true reciprocal genetic exchange or a non-sexual process, we analyzed genic sequences from all major subgroups (Assemblages A-G) of this species. For all assemblages, we detected molecular signatures consistent with meiotic sex or genetic exchange, including low levels of heterozygosity, as indicated by allelic sequence divergence within isolates, and intra- and inter-assemblage recombination. The identification of recombination between assemblages suggests a shared gene pool and calls into question whether it is appropriate to divide the genetically distinct assemblages of G. duodenalis into a species complex.
Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy (2005)

The current study investigated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) and heart failure in rats. Modulatory effects of antioxidant probucol on the activation of MAPKs were also examined. Male rats were administered with ADR (15 mg/kg body wt ip, over 2 wk) with and without probucol (120 mg/kg body wt for 4 wk ip). Hearts from these animals were studied at 1- to 24-h as well as at 3-wk posttreatment durations. In the 3-wk group, ADR depressed cardiac function, increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and caused dyspnea and mortality. These changes were prevented by probucol. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, in the early stage of AIC, showed a biphasic response, with a maximum increase to 513% seen at 4 h, followed by a decrease to 66.8% at 3 wk after the last injection of ADR. Phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNKs) showed a steady increase through 2, 4, and 24 h and 3 wk (116% to 148%). In gene microarray analysis at 3 wk (heart failure stage), mRNA expression for both ERK1/2 and p38 kinases was decreased, whereas JNK mRNA was undetectable. Probucol completely prevented these MAPK changes. Activation of caspase-3 as well as the increase in the ratio of Bax to Bcl-xl were seen at early time points (1-24 h) as well as in the heart failure stage (3 wk). It is suggested that a transient increase in ERK1/2 at a shorter interval indicate an early adaptive response, and failure of this response corresponded with heart failure. In contrast, a gradual and persistent increase in p38 and JNK MAPKs as well as in caspase-3 and the Bax-to-Bcl-xl ratio may contribute in the initiation of apoptosis and progression of heart failure. Because probucol modulated changes in cellular signaling pathways and cardiac function, it is likely that oxidative stress plays a key role in AIC and heart failure.
Toll-like Receptors and Diabetes Complications: Recent Advances (2012)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease with constellation of metabolic aberrations resulting in debilitating complications. The prevalence of DM worldwide was 2.8% (171 million people) in 2000 and estimated to be at 4.4% (366 million people) in 2030. DM is a major risk factor for heart, kidney diseases, and lower limb amputations. Emerging in vitro and in vivo data suggest that systemic inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of DM complications via innate immune receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key innate immune receptors that mediate the inflammatory responses in DM. There are no reviews that collectively summarize and examine the detrimental role of TLRs in the manifestation of DM complications namely heart disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and wound healing. Thus, in this review, we will provide summaries of the TLR expression and activation and elucidate their role in propagating inflammation seen in DM complications.
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function (2001)

List of Contributors. Preface. SECTION A: BASIC ASPECTS OF NEUROTRANSMITTER FUNCTION. Neurotransmitter Systems and Function: Overview (R.A. Webster). Control of Neuronal Activity (D.A. Brown). Neurotransmitter Receptors (A.J. Gibb). Neurotransmitter Release (S.C. Stanford). SECTION B: NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND SYNAPTIC TRAANSMISSION. Basic Pharmacology and Drug Effects on Neurotransmitter Function (R.A. Webster). Acetylcholine (R.A. Webster). Dopamine (R.A. Webster). Noradrenaline (S.C. Stanford). 5-Hydroxytryptamine (S.C. Stanford). Amino Acids: Excitatory (A.H. Dickenson). Amino Acids: Inhibitory (M. Farrant). Peptides (A.H. Dickenson). Other Transmitters and Mediators (R.A. Webster). SECTION C: NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN DRUG ACTION AND DISEASE STATES. Study and Manipulation of Neurotransmitter Function in Humans (R.A. Webster). Disease of the Basal Ganglia (R.A. Webster). The epilepsies (R.A. Webster). Schizophrenia (R.A. Webster). Alzheimer's Disease (R.A. Webster). Anxiety (S.C. Stanford). Depression (S.C. Stanford). Pain and Analgesia (A.H. Dickenson). SECTION D: NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND BEHAVIOUR. Sleep and Waking (R.A. Webster and S.C. Stanford). Drug Dependence and Abuse (A.H. Dickenson). Index.
Safety of compression therapy for venous ulcer disease in the setting of congestive heart failure (2020)

Compression therapy appears safe amongst patients with stable congestive heart failure.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a New Carrier for Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens (2012)

Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are being actively studied as targets for antitumor vaccine development. One serious challenge was the low immunogenecity of these antigens. Herein, we report the results of using the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) capsid as a promising carrier of a weakly immunogenic TACA, the monomeric Tn antigen. The copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was highly efficient in covalently linking Tn onto the TMV capsid without resorting to a large excess of the Tn antigen. The location of Tn attachment turned out to be important. Tn introduced at the N terminus of TMV was immunosilent, while that attached to tyrosine 139 elicited strong immune responses. Both Tn specific IgG and IgM antibodies were generated as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a glycan microarray screening study. The production of high titers of IgG antibodies suggested that the TMV platform contained the requisite epitopes for helper T cells and was able to induce antibody isotype switching. The antibodies exhibited strong reactivities toward Tn antigen displayed in its native environment, i.e., cancer cell surface, thus highlighting the potential of TMV as a promising TACA carrier.
Comparison of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) isolates obtained from different marine fish species and geographical areas (2007)

Seven lymphocystis disease viruses isolated from dab, flounder and plaice in Northern Europe, and from gilt-head sea bream, Senegalese sole and blackspot sea bream in Southern Europe have been comparatively studied by inoculation on different fish cell lines. Viral isolates induced cytopathic effects (CPE) only on fibroblastic cells, and differences in the incubation time necessary to develop CPE, as well as in viral titre were observed in relation to the geographical area of isolation rather than to the host fish species. In addition, the pattern of the major viral proteins from different fish species in the same area was similar; however, North European isolates showed three major proteins which were absent in the South European viruses. Immunohistochemistry techniques were used to detect LCDV in infected cells, the antibody used (developed against a gilt-head sea bream LCDV) did not react with any of the North European isolates, whereas those cells infected with the South European isolates showed an intensive labelling. The results suggest that these viral isolates constitute two homogeneous groups referring to the geographical area of isolation, rather than to the fish species affected.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2000)

1. Yu-Waye Chu, MD*
2. James Korb, MD†
3. Kathleen M. Sakamoto, MD*


 

1. 

2. *Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics.

3. 

4. †Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA. This work was supported by a Resident Research Grant from the American Academy of Pediatrics (Y-WC). KMS is a Scholar of the Leukemia Society of America.

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Describe the clinical and laboratory features of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and explain how they differ in acute and chronic ITP.

2. List the features of ITP that distinguish it from other causes of thrombocytopenia.

3. Explain the role of bone marrow examination in the diagnosis of ITP.

4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the primary therapies for ITP.

5. Delineate the differences in therapeutic strategies for ITP and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

6. Describe the role of splenectomy in the treatment of ITP.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired hemorrhagic disorder characterized by: 1) thrombocytopenia that is defined as a platelet count less than 150 × 109/L ( 150,000/mcL), 2) a purpuric rash, 3) normal bone marrow, and 4) the absence of signs of other identifiable causes of thrombocytopenia. ITP is classified as acute or chronic, with the latter defined as the persistence of thrombocytopenia for more than 6 months from the initial presentation of signs and symptoms.

ITP is estimated to be one of the most common acquired bleeding disorders encountered by pediatricians, with the incidence of symptomatic disease being approximately 3 to 8 per 100,000 children per year. Acute ITP is more prevalent among children younger than 10 years of age, affects males and females equally, and is more prevalent during the late winter and spring. Chronic ITP affects adolescents more often than younger children, with females being affected more frequently than males. Unlike acute ITP, it does not show a seasonal predilection. Patients who have chronic ITP are more likely to exhibit an underlying autoimmune disorder, with up to one third having clinical and laboratory manifestations of collagen-vascular disease.

Although the focus of this article is on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of ITP, the pathophysiology of this …
Salmonella Modulates B Cell Biology to Evade CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses (2014)

Although B cells and antibodies are the central effectors of humoral immunity, B cells can also produce and secrete cytokines and present antigen to helper T cells. The uptake of antigen is mainly mediated by endocytosis; thus, antigens are often presented by MHC-II molecules. However, it is unclear if B cells can present these same antigens via MHC-I molecules. Recently, Salmonella bacteria were found to infect B cells, allowing possible antigen cross-processing that could generate bacterial peptides for antigen presentation via MHC-I molecules. Here, we will discuss available knowledge regarding Salmonella antigen presentation by infected B cell MHC-I molecules and subsequent inhibitory effects on CD8(+) T cells for bacterial evasion of cell-mediated immunity.
Role of complement in murine corneal infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1983)

The role of complement components C3 and C5 was examined in murine corneal infection induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. DBA/2 and Swiss-Webster mice are naturally resistant to experimental P. aeruginosa corneal infection. Mice of these two strains are able to restore a clear cornea within 4-6 weeks following Pseudomonas corneal challenge and are genetically deficient in the fifth component of complement. In contrast, ocular infection of congenic C5-deficient B10.D2o/Sn or normocomplementemic B10.D2n/Sn mice results in an identical pattern of susceptibility in which corneal perforation and phthisis bulbi occur. Taken together, these results indicate that C5 plays little or no role in susceptibility or resistance to Pseudomonas eye infection. In contrast, depletion of C3 in normally resistant DBA/2 mice using cobra venom factor (CoVF) diminishes the ability of these mice to restore a clear cornea following Pseudomonas infection. A single inoculation of CoVF, 24 hours prior to ocular challenge, is as effective in altering the response of DBA/2 mice as is continuous depletion of C3 during the course of infection using multiple inoculations of CoVF. Mice that are unable to clear Pseudomonas ocular infection following CoVF treatment regain this ability when the contralateral eye is infected after recovery of normal levels of C3. Depletion of C3 by CoVF treatment of DBA/2 mice, which had previously restored a clear cornea following Pseudomonas eye infection, again renders these mice susceptible.
Effective nonlinearities and multi-wavelength second-harmonic generation in modulated quasi-phase-matching gratings (2002)

Quasi-phase-matching gratings induces Kerr effects in quadratic nonlinear materials. We show analytically and confirm numerically how modulating the grating changes the effective quadratic and cubic nonlinearities and allows for multi-wavelength second-harmonic generation.
Combinatorial solid state materials science and technology (2000)

Conventional 'one by one' synthesis approach has been a major rate limiting step in the systematic exploration of increasingly complex materials for the demanding new technologies. New concepts of 'combinatorial chemistry' are presented for the substantially efficient and cost-effective parallel synthesis and optimization of variety of multicomponent compounds as well as artificially designed lattices and devices. Effectiveness of variety of application areas developed by us is discussed with typical examples and brief review of the merits, challenges, current status and the future directions.
An insulin resistance associated neural correlate of impulsivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2017)

Central insulin resistance (IR) influences striatal dopamine (DA) tone, an important determinant of behavioral self-regulation. We hypothesized that an association exists between the degree of peripheral IR and impulse control, mediated by the impact of IR on brain circuits controlling the speed of executing "go" and/or "stop" responses. We measured brain activation and associated performance on a stop signal task (SST) in obese adults with type 2 diabetes (age, 48.1 ± 6.9 yrs (mean ± SD); BMI, 36.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2; HOMA-IR, 7.2 ± 4.1; 12 male, 18 female). Increasing IR, but not BMI, was a predictor of shorter critical stop signal delay (cSSD), a measure of the time window during which a go response can be successfully countermanded (R2 = 0.12). This decline was explained by an IR-associated increase in go speed (R2 = 0.13) with little impact of IR or BMI on stop speed. Greater striatal fMRI activation contrast in stop error (SE) compared with stop success (SS) trials (CONSE>SS) was a significant predictor of faster go speeds (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.002), and was itself predicted by greater IR (CONSE>SS vs HOMA-IR: R2 = 0.10, p = 0.04). Furthermore, this impact of IR on striatal activation was a significant mediator of the faster go speeds and greater impulsivity observed with greater IR. These findings suggest a neural mechanism by which IR may increase impulsivity and degrade behavioral self-regulation.
Abstract 16493: Variation in Patient Characteristics Does Not Explain Regional Differences in Outcomes: Findings From ARISTOTLE (2017)

Background: Variation in patient characteristics and medical practice may influence outcomes at a regional level. We sought to describe differences in demographics, practice patterns, and outcomes of patients enrolled in the ARISTOTLE trial by region of the world (North America [NA], Latin America [LA], Europe, Asia Pacific [AP]). Methods: Baseline clinical characteristics, medication use, procedures, and clinical outcomes were assessed in the 18201 patients with AF included in the ARISTOTLE trial. Results: Patients were younger in AP and older in NA. Women were more commonly included in LA. Coronary artery disease was more prevalent in Europe with the lowest prevalence being in LA. AP had highest rate of prior stroke and renal impairment (25%). Use of amiodarone and digoxin were higher in LA. More than 50% of patients in NA were taking ≥9 concomitant drugs at randomization, compared with only 10% in LA. Temporary discontinuation of study drug was highest in NA, along with an increased rate of procedures ...
Evaluating the Maximum Order Complexity of a Uniformly Distributed Sequence Over Odd Characteristic (2018)

This paper focuses on the Maximum Order Complexity of a pseudorandom sequence for security applications called NTU sequence. It shows the maximum feature on the nonlinear property and several properties have been theoretically proven. However, the NTU sequence requires a uniformization technique to overcome the drawback on its bits distribution. The technique has already proposed but the non-liear feature still has not investigated. Therefore, this paper evaluates the affects on the non-linear feature of the original NTU sequence by using Maximum Order Complexity.
Mixed‐Metal Triple‐Decker Sandwich Complexes with the Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine/Porphyrin Ligand System (1996)

Either a metal atom or the phthalocyanine ligand is the site of the first oxidation of the heteronuclear triple-decker complexes of type 1, depending on whether they contain an oxidizable CeIII ion or not. Now the first X-ray structure of such a heteronuclear triple-decker complex (1, M  Ce, M′  Gd, p  oep) has also been achieved.
Evaluation of preventive factors for postoperative pulmonary complications following esophagectomy for T1bN0M0 cancer using data from JCOG0502. (2016)

98 Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the most common cause of serious morbidity following esophageal cancer resection and are associated with a poorer prognosis in esophagectomized patients (pts). We have recently reported that thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TSE) decreases PPC frequency. However, it remains unclear whether the frequency is further decreased by the combination with laparoscopic esophagectomy (LSE). This study aimed to clarify the combined effect of TSE with LSE on the prevention of PPCs and to determine the preventive factors for PPCs following esophagectomy using data from JCOG0502. Methods: JCOG0502 is a four-arm prospective study comparing esophagectomy with definitive chemoradiotherapy for T1bN0M0 cancer, with randomized and patient preference arms. The primary endpoint is overall survival, which will be analyzed in 2018. PPCs were defined as one or more of the following ≥ grade 2 postoperative morbidities per CTCAE v3.0: pneumonia, atelectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The use of TSE and/or LSE was decided at the surgeon’s discretion. Results: Totally, 379 pts (11 in the randomized and 368 in the patient preference arm) were enrolled between 2006 and 2013 from 37 institutions. Of the 210 pts who underwent esophagectomy, TSE was performed in 101 pts (TSE with laparotomy in 43 pts and TSE with LSE in 58 pts), while esophagectomy via thoracotomy was performed in 109 pts. PPCs occurred less often in pts who underwent TSE than esophagectomy via thoracotomy (15.8% vs 30.3%, p = 0.01); however, there was no difference in the frequency of PPCs between those who underwent TSE with laparotomy and TSE with LSE (16.3% vs 15.5%). In univariate analysis, both TSE (shown above) and less blood loss ( &lt; 350 mL) were associated with the prevention of PPCs (16.3% vs 30.2%, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that TSE was associated with the prevention of PPCs [Odds ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval (0.12-0.88); p = 0.03]. Conclusions: This study indicated that TSE was the only independent preventive factor for PPCs following esophagectomy, and LSE had limited effectiveness in the prevention of PPCs when it is combined with TSE. Clinical trial information: UMIN000000551.