gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a CMOS imager with active column for SPR-based sensors (2013)

This dissertation presents the design and implementation of a CMOS imager for use in integrated biosensors based on Surface Plasmon Resonance. First, the optimal conditions for plasmon resonance in a CMOS/Post-CMOS compatible interface are obtained by COMSOL modelling. Second, a 32x32-pixel CMOS-Active Column Sensor (CMOS-ACS) is implemented on 0.35 um CMOS technology. In a gold-water interface with prism excitation, it is found that for prisms showing refractive indexes of 1.55 and 1.46, optimal plasmon coupling is obtained for gold films with thicknesses of 50 and 45 nm respectively. Under these conditions, approximately 99.19% and 99.99% of the incident light's energy is transferred to the surface plasmon for both prism respectively, provided that the incident light, with a wavelength of 633 nm, arrives with incidence angles of 68.45° and 79.05° respectively. It is also obtained that a change of 10-4 RIU in the refractive index of the dielectric medium, produces a change of 0.01° in the plasmon resonance angle, which under a light intensity modulation scheme produces a change of 0.08% in the reflected light's energy reaching the photodetector. Concerning the CMOS imager, a n-well/p-substrate photodiode is selected as the photosensing element, due to its low junction capacitance, which results in high efficiency and high conversion gain compared to the n-diff/p-substrate photodiode. Computer simulations with Cadence and Silvaco produced a junction capacitance of 31 fF and 135 fF respectively. The imager's pixel is based on a three-transistor (3T) configuration and shows a fill factor of 61%. The readout circuitry employs an Active Column Sensor (ACS) technique to reduce the Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) associated with traditional Active Pixel Sensors (APS). Additionally, Non-Correlated Double Sampling (NCDS) and Delta Double Sampling (DDS) are used as noise reduction techniques. An experimental optical setup is used to characterize the performance of the imager, obtaining a conversion gain of 7.3 uV/e-, a photodiode junction capacitance of 21.9 fF, a read noise of 324.5 uV, equivalent to ~45 e- and a dynamic range of 50.5 dB. The benefits of ACS and NCDS-DDS are observed in the low pixel and column FPN of 0.09% and 0.06% respectively. The work presented in this thesis is a first step towards the goal of developing a fully integrated SPR-biosensing platform incorporating light source, SPR interface, microfluidic channel, optical elements and CMOS imager.
Micellar Cubic Phases and Their Structural Relationships:  The Nonionic Surfactant System C12EO12/Water (1997)

We present the binary phase diagram of the system dodecaoxyethylene mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12EO12)/water, which is the first pure surfactant system found to exhibit three different type I (oil-in-water) micellar cubic phases. As hydration increases the hexagonal, HI, phase transforms into a cubic, I1, phase of space group Pm3n, which, on further hydration, forms a second micellar cubic phase of space group Im3m (phase designated as Im3m). In addition, a third micellar cubic phase, of space group Fm3m, forms at low temperature and high hydration, adjacent to the L1 micellar solution. We have succeeded in growing monodomains of the hexagonal, and some of these cubic phases and have thereby investigated the epitaxial relationships between the phases. The results suggest an “undulating cylinder” mechanism for the Im3m−HI transition.
Selective Raney Nickel Hydrogenation of Methyl γ-(6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-Paphthylidene)-Crotonate. Synthesis of 1-Keto-7-Methoxy-1,2,3,4,9,10-Hexahydrophenanthrene (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Raney Nickel Hydrogenation of Methyl γ-(6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-Paphthylidene)-Crotonate. Synthesis of 1-Keto-7-Methoxy-1,2,3,4,9,10-HexahydrophenanthreneFrank J. Villani, Mary S. King, and Domenick PapaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 11, 1578–1584Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50017a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50017a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tantalum nitride-p-silicon high-voltage Schottky diodes (1988)

Rectifying contacts between TaN and p-silicon with very high reverse breakdown voltage (V/sub BR/ >700 V) without using any guard ring have been realized. Barrier heights of TaN to both p-type silicon and n-type silicon have been measured at 0.68 and 0.48 eV, respectively. The breakdown voltage V/sub BR/ of TaN to p-silicon diodes, as deposited, is approximately 400 V and decreases to less than 200 V after annealing in hydrogen at 450 degrees C for 30 min. On the other hand, annealing in a nitrogen ambient at 450 degrees C for 30 min. increases the V/sub BR/ of these diodes to more than 700 V. An explanation for the difference in V/sub BR/ is sought in terms of the structural/chemical changes introduced at the interface by the annealing process. The high forward drop of TaN to p-silicon diodes (>1 V at 10 mA) results from the high substrate resistance and the probe contact resistance, and it is being optimized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance Evaluation of UAV-Assisted mmWave Operation in Mobility-Enabled Urban Deployments (2018)

To meet the capacity demand of future cellular networks, which is expected to increase substantially by 2020, using mm Wave band has been suggested. Although this higher frequency band has larger amounts of spectrum and will lead to much higher capacity in 5G networks, it has some propagation constraints such as limited coverage and sensitivity to Line of Sight (LoS) blockage. A possible solution to these issues could be small cell densification combined with utilizing access points carried by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This paper presents a performance evaluation of the UAV-assisted mmWave network in urban environments using ns-3 simulations.
A waveform correlation method for identifying quarry explosions (1991)

Abstract A waveform correlation method is presented for identifying quarry explosions by attributing them to known mines characterized by multiple master events. The objective is to provide a reliable automatic procedure for screening the large number of quarry explosions likely to be detected by networks of in-country stations monitoring compliance with test-ban treaties. The method generalizes existing correlation techniques to compare waveforms from an unlocated event recorded at an array of sensors with a linear combination of master event waveforms recorded at the same array. The use of a linear combination reduces the chance of a missed location caused by some variation in mechanism or spectral excitation between the events being compared. The weights in the linear combination are filters, offering some compensation for variations in source time functions and errors of waveform alignment. The use of array data reduces the likelihood of false attribution by reducing bias and variance in the correlation measurement. In a test conducted with P-wave data segments recorded at a 13-element array, the method successfully resolves two source regions separated by 4 km at a range of 150 km. Resolution with single-station waveform correlations is marginal due to the limited amount of data. The statistics of the sample waveform correlation coefficient are developed and demonstrate that single-station waveform correlations are unreliable unless estimated with large signal durations T or bandwidths B. A time-bandwidth TB product exceeding 100 (or smaller TB with more stations) is necessary for reliable event attribution. The related problem of separating superimposed waveforms from two events in different source regions may be solved by cancellation. The waveforms of one event are again approximated by a linear combination of waveforms from master events in the same mine. The residual signals, obtained by subtracting the approximation from the superimposed waveforms, estimate the waveforms from the second event. This method achieves significant separation of waveforms from events 6 km apart at a range of 150 km, using data from the 13-element array. Its resolution exceeds that of conventional beam-forming methods.
Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene: tropospheric probes for Cl- and Br-atom reactions during the polar sunrise (1997)

We report the results of laboratory and modeling investigations of the atmospheric fate of chlorinated ethenes and their role as indicators of halogen reactions in the springtime Arctic troposphere. The kinetics and mechanism of the gas-phase reactions of Cl- and Br-atoms with tetrachloroethene were studied using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) in 93.3 kPa air and T = 296 ± 2 K. Along with our previous study on Cl and Br atom reactions of trichloroethene, using the known rate of the Cl + ethane reaction as reference, the values of 7.2 ± 0.2 × 10-11 and 3.8 ± 0.2 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 were obtained for the Cl-atom reaction rate constants of tri- and tetrachloroethene, respectively. For the Br-atom reactions, using ethene and propane as the reference molecules, we report the absolute values of 1.1 ± 0.1 × 10-13 and 9.0 ± 0.1 × 10-17 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the rates of Br attack on tri- and tetrachloroethene. The major products were XCl2C-C(O)Cl (X = H in trichloroethene and X = Cl in tetrachloroethene) and XBrClC-C(O)Cl in Cl-atom and Br-atom initiated reactions, respectively. We also observed phosgene and formyl chloride in the reactions of trichloroethene and phosgene in the tetrachloroethene reactions and report the branching ratios for these channels. Our observations show that the addition of Cl-atoms to the less substituted carbon is the major reaction pathway and that a Cl-atom is subsequently released after either Cl- or Br-atoms add to trichloroethene or tetrachloroethene, leading to the recycling of active halogen. We carried out a box modelling exercise to apply the kinetic and mechanistic information obtained in this work to the interpretation of measurements of C2HCl3, C2Cl4 and other hydrocarbons in the Arctic troposphere. Our results demonstrate that the presence of both Cl- and Br-atoms is required to explain the decreases in the concentrations of these species during ozone depletion events in the Arctic, that the amount of Cl- and Br-atoms required to account for the observed decreases of chlorinated ethenes is also sufficient to completely destroy ozone. However, at the low concentrations of chlorinated species observed, the cycling of Br to Cl through the studied reactions is not a significant effect in the atmosphere.
Analysis of Coded Selective-Repeat ARQ via Matrix Signal-Flow Graphs (2018)

We propose two schemes for selective-repeat ARQ protocols over packet erasure channels with unreliable feedback: (i) a hybrid ARQ protocol with soft combining at the receiver, and (ii) a coded ARQ protocol, by building on the uncoded baseline scheme for ARQ, developed by Ausavapattanakun and Nosratinia. Our method leverages discrete-time queuing and coding theory to analyze the performance of the proposed data transmission methods. We incorporate forward error-correction to reduce in-order delivery delay, and exploit a matrix signal-flow graph approach to analyze the throughput and delay of the protocols. We demonstrate and contrast the performance of the coded protocols with that of the uncoded scheme, illustrating the benefits of coded transmissions.
Combining tactile and tangible input for 3D selection (2017)

We present the design of a 6-DOF tangible controller for 3D spatial data selection. Such selection is a fundamental task in scientific visualization : it is performed prior to many other interactions. Many datasets are defined in 3D space, yet selection is often performed based on 2D input. While 2D-input-based selection may be efficient for datasets with explicit shapes, it is less efficient for data without such objects or structures. We then address this issue by combining 2D tactile with 3D tangible input to perform 3D selection in volumetric datasets.
The general examination (2014)

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Performing High Efficiency Source Code Static Analysis with Intelligent Extensions (2005)

This paper presents an industry practice for highly efficient source code analysis to promote software quality. As a continuous work of previously reported source code analysis system, we researched and developed a few engineering-oriented intelligent extensions to implement more cost-effective extended code static analysis and engineering processes. These include an integrated empirical scan and filtering tool for highly accurate noise reduction, and a new code checking test tool to detect function call mismatch problems, which may lead to many severe software defects. We also extended the system with an automated defect filing and verification procedure. The results show that, for a huge code base of millions of lines, our intelligent extensions not only contribute to the completeness and effectiveness of static analysis, but also establish significant engineering productivity.
All-or-none like responses in increment of cytoplasmic free calcium concentrations to histamine in single smooth muscle cells of guinea pig trachea. (1994)

Single smooth muscle cells were isolated from guinea pig trachea and cultured for 48 hours. The cells were then loaded with a fluorescent-free calcium indicator, fluo-3. Concentrations of cytoplasmic-free calcium ([Ca2+]i) were determined by using a confocal laser scanning fluorescence imaging system. Cells exposed to histamine at concentrations less than 1.0 microM did not indicate any changes of the fluorescence intensities, but stayed at the basal level of [Ca2+]i. Cells exposed to histamine at a concentration in the range of 1.5 to 10 microM indicated marked increases in [Ca2+]i. A further increase in [Ca2+]i by application of higher concentrations of histamine was not observed. The threshold concentration of histamine to increase [Ca2+]i and peak [Ca2+]i varied from cell to cell. In addition, half-maximal response time was shortened with increasing concentrations of histamine from 1.5 to 100 microM. These results indicate that [Ca2+]i responses to histamine is an all-or-none type in each cell. The heterogeneity in the required threshold concentration of histamine to increase in [Ca2+]i and the concentration dependency in half-maximal response time of histamine-induced [Ca2+]i increase may be related to the graded responses of histamine-induced contractions in preparations of the tracheal tissue.
Transient hypersensitivity to soybean meal in the early-weaned pig. (1990)

An experiment was conducted to determine whether baby pigs develop hypersensitivity to dietary soybean proteins. Thirty-two pigs were orally infused with either dried skim milk (5 g/d; control) or soybean meal (48% CP; 5 g/d) from d 7 to 14 after birth. Sows were fed a corn-corn gluten meal-based diet supplemented with lysine and tryptophan to avoid exposure of pigs to soybean proteins. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed diets containing either soybean meal or milk proteins until d 56. One half of the pigs were killed at 28 d of age and the rest at 56 d of age. Segments of small intestine were collected, and intraepithelial lymphocytes were isolated. At 28 d of age, pigs fed diets containing soybean meal had lower (P less than .05) villus height (221 vs 298 microns) and rate of gain (86 vs 204 g/d) than control pigs did. Pigs fed a diet containing soybean meal had higher (P less than .05) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers to soybean protein than did pigs fed a milk protein-based diet. Blood and intestinal lymphocytes collected on d 28 and 56 did not exhibit any proliferative response when cultured with purified soy proteins (2.5 or 5 microns/ml). Phytohemagglutinin- and pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferations were higher (P less than .05) at d 56 than at d 28, but there were no differences attributable to protein source. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in skin-fold thickness measurements following intradermal injection with soy or milk proteins. Decreased villus height and increased serum IgG titers to soybean proteins coinciding with inferior performance of early weaned pigs fed diets containing soybean meal indicate that conventionally processed, commercial soybean meal may retain some antigens that can cause transient hypersensitivity in piglets.
Analisi dello spray di olio da flash-pirolisi del legno e confronto con combustibili convenzionali (1998)

È in corso una ricerca sulla possibilità di utilizzare olio, ottenuto da flash-pirolisi del legno, come combustibile di motori Diesel per piccoli impianti di generazione di energia elettrica (1÷2 MW).\n\nIl primo passo è stato di ben definire il problema rispetto ai due parametri fondamentali: caratteristiche del combustibile e caratteristiche costruttive e di funzionamento del motore.\n\nTale olio ha proprietà nettamente diverse da un combustibile Diesel convenzionale, e dà anche luogo ad uno spray con caratteristiche diverse.\n\nUn’analisi ottica mediante attrezzatura Malvem dello spray ha mostrato che tale combustibile presenta difficoltà di atomizzazione, essendo lo spray costituito da gocce di grandi dimensioni e fortemente disperse dimensionalmente. I dati ricavati vogliono essere un punto di partenza sia nella ricerca di soluzioni volte a migliorare l’atomizzazione, sia nello sviluppo di un modello computazionale dello spray all’interno del motore.
Cryptic Translocation Identification in Human and Mouse using Several Telomeric Multiplex FISH (TM-FISH) Strategies (2003)

Experimental data published in recent years showed that up to 10% of all cases with mild to severe idiopathic mental retardation may result from small rearrangements of the subtelomeric regions of human chromosomes. To detect such cryptic translocations, we developed a ''telomeric'' multiplex FISH assay, using a set of previously published and commercially available subtelomeric probes. This set of probes includes 41 cosmid/PAC/P1 clones located from less than 100kb to about 1 Mb from the end of the chromosomes. Similarly, a published mouse probe set, comprised of BACs hybridizing to the closest known marker toward the centromere and telomere of each mouse chromosome, was used to develop a mouse-specific ''telomeric'' M-FISH. Three different combinatorial labeling strategies were used to simultaneously detect all human sub-telomeric regions on one slide. The simplest approach uses only three fluors, and can be performed in laboratories lacking sophisticated imaging equipment or personnel highly trained in cytogenetics. A standard fluorescence microscope equipped with only three filters is sufficient. Fluor-dUTPs and labeled probes can be custom-made, thus dramatically reducing costs. Images can be prepared using generic imaging software (Adobe Photoshop), and analysis performed by simple visual inspection.
Figure S4 from Impaired Death Receptor Signaling in Leukemia Causes Antigen-Independent Resistance by Inducing CAR T-cell Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Persistent antigen exposure resulting from impaired T cell cytotoxicity machinery results in progressive CART19 dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;
Tissue and Gene Specific Hypomethylation of the Human Parathyroid Hormone Gene: Association with Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression in Parathyroid Glands* (1986)

An association between decreased cytosine methylation at specific sites adjacent to or within eukaryotic genes and increased gene expression has been described. To determine if tissues secreting PTH show hypomethylation within the vicinity of the PTH gene, we compared the degree of cytosine methylation in DNA from parathyroid glands and control tissues (leukocytes, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, and placenta). We digested DNA with HpaII (which cleaves only unmethylated CCGG sequences) and MspI [which cleaves CCGG and C 5-methyl cytosine GG], hybridized the DNA fragments to a PTH complementary DNA probe, and scanned autoradiograms of Southern blots. After MspI digestion all tissues yielded equivalent amounts of a single hybridizing fragment of 6.7 kilobases. The degree of hypomethylation at sites within and flanking the PTH gene was determined as the ratio of the amount of hybridizing fragments obtained by methylation-sensitive digestion (HpaII) relative to methylation-insensitive digestion (MspI). DNA from all parathyroid glands showed significantly greater hypomethylation of the PTH gene than did DNA from control tissues that did not express the PTH gene. Despite variability in the levels of secretory activity of the different parathyroid glands, we found no significant differences in the degree of hypomethylation of the PTH gene. In contrast to the PTH gene studies, hypomethylation was not seen using GH probe on the same blots. Our findings thus suggest that tissue and gene specific hypomethylation of the PTH gene is associated with expression of the gene.
Evaluation of a Fuel Cell for Powering the Electrical Load of ICE Vehicles (2007)

This paper describes the implementation and testing of a fuel cell system for powering the on-board electrical load of a pick-up truck that is being converted to a hydrogen-internal combustion engine. The fuel cell is assisted by a supercapacitor bank during engine starting which requires a much larger current. The sizing of the system components is determined from actual current demand of various loads. This new power source will replace the 12 Volt battery and alternator found in the conventional vehicle. Laboratory tests including supercapacitor charging, engine starting, and load switching are presented.
Studies of a Model DNA Sequence by Dark Field Electron Microscopy (1974)

Single heavy atoms in a variety of small model molecules have been managed by dark field transmission electron microscopy. The image intenses and geometry have been shown to be consistent with theoretical expectations. The use of this system for sequencing requires a demonstration theory accurate sequence can be derived for a small well-defined nucleic species. We have prepared and stained a homogeneous fragment of bacteria DNA. The molecule was a large pyrimidine oligomer anc b 5en sequenced biochemically. The sequence is shown in Fig. 1(a). Thymidine residues were marked with Beer's OsO 4 -cyanide stain. The refined, purified product was applied to pre-treated thin carbon specimen forms for electron microscopy.