gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trace Element Partitioning and Transformations During Combustion of Bituminous and Subbituminous U. S. Coals In a 7-kW Combustion System (2000)

Mode of occurrence analyses indicate that trace elements (Sb, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, V, and Zn) in the Illinois No. 6 coal are generally associated with relatively large discrete mineral grains, especially pyrite, whereas trace elements in Absaloka coal are much more strongly associated with macerals and fine-grained minerals. These coals were burned using conventional and low-NOx conditions in an ∼7-kW combustion system to evaluate the importance of elemental modes of occurrence, coal properties, and combustion conditions on trace element volatility and As, Cr, and Ni speciation. Chemical analyses of size-classified (∼0.4−7.7 μm) fly ash and flue gas samples indicated that Hg and Se were the most volatile elements in both coals. Occurrences of Cr, Co, and Cu in fly ash were characterized by relatively uniform particle-size distributions and relative enrichment/depletion (RED) factors for all four fly ashes, which is indicative of nonvolatility. As and Sb in Absaloka fly ashes exhibited similar nonvolatile partitioning characteristics. Consistent with an elemental vaporization-particle surface deposition process, Sb, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, V, and Zn concentrations and RED factors for the Illinois No. 6 fly ashes generally increased with decreasing particle size. Similar semivolatile partitioning systematics were noted for Cd, Pb, and V in Absaloka fly ashes. Conventional and low-NOx combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal did not significantly affect trace element volatility. However, low-NOx Absaloka combustion promoted Ni, Zn, and Se volatilization. The inorganic phase composition and As, Cr, and Ni speciation of fly ash particles ∼2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (FA2.5) were determined using X-ray diffraction and absorption methods. Illinois No. 6 and Absaloka FA2.5 contain aluminosilicate glass, quartz (SiO2), ferrite spinel (AB2O4; e.g., where A2+ = Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Cu and B3+ = Al, Fe, Cr), and mullite (Al6Si2O13). Absaloka FA2.5 is distinguished from Illinois No. 6 FA2.5 by the presence of lime (CaO) and periclase (MgO) and lack of anhydrite (CaSO4). Differences in Illinois No. 6 and Absaloka coal combustion conditions did not significantly affect As, Cr, or Ni speciation. As5+O4-containing phases occur in Illinois No. 6 and Absaloka FA2.5. Presumably, carboxyl-bound As3+ and Ca in Absaloka coal promoted the formation of Ca3(AsO4)2. Cr3+/Cr6+ is much greater in Illinois No. 6 FA2.5, relative to Absaloka FA2.5. The predominance of maceral-bound Cr3+ and oxygen functional groups in Absaloka coal may have promoted Cr6+ formation. Illinois No. 6 and Absaloka FA2.5 contain similar NiO-bearing phases, possibly ferrite spinel.
Channel State Information-Based Cryptographic Key Generation for Intelligent Transportation Systems (2020)

Due to the sensitivity of the information exchanged in Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication, generating secret keys is critical to secure these communications. As nature is open access, distributed keys are more vulnerable to attacks in the vehicular environment. Physical layer key generation methods using wireless channel characteristics show promise in preventing such attacks, generating keys independently, and removing the need for distribution. In this paper, we present a novel key generation approach in a real vehicular environment based on Channel State Information (CSI), including a new algorithm for key bit extraction. We implemented our algorithm using USRP B210 Software-Defined Radios (SDR) and the industry-standard V2X communication protocol: IEEE 802.11p. The proposed key generation protocol uses the CSI values of each sub-carrier as a source of randomness, from which bits are extracted using a new QAM demodulator quantizer (QAM-Dem-Quan). We compared our technique to state-of-the-art Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based approaches, and show that our method achieves better performance. Moreover, we reached a min-entropy of approximately 70% for the generated keys and a key generation rate of less than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$150~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /key for key lengths ranging from 16 to 128 bits.
A stereotactic near-infrared probe for localization during functional neurosurgical procedures: further experience (2008)

The NIR probe is a straightforward, quick, and robust tool for intraoperative localization during functional neurosurgery. Potential future applications include localization of targets for epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, and incorporation of NIR guidance into probes designed to convey various payloads.
Failure of some commonly accepted spectroscopic-enthalpy correlations for chloroform adducts (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFailure of some commonly accepted spectroscopic-enthalpy correlations for chloroform adductsFrank L. Slejko, Russel S. Drago, and Dennis G. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 26, 9210–9216Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00781a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00781a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Realization of Low On-Resistance 4H-SiC Power MOSFETs by Using Retrograde Profile in P-Body (2007)

Inversion-type 4H-SiC power MOSFETs using p-body implanted with retrograde profiles have been fabricated. The Al concentration at the p-body surface (Nas) is varied in the range from 5×1015 to 2×1018 cm-3. The MOSFETs show normally-off characteristics. While the Ron is 3 cm2 at Eox = (Vg-Vth)/dox ≅ 3 MV/cm for the MOSFET with the Nas of 2×1018 cm-3, the Ron is reduced by a decrease in the Nas and 26 mcm2 is attained for the device with the Nas of 5×1015 cm-3. The inversion channel mobility and threshold voltage are improved with a decrease in the Nas. By modifying the structural parameter of the MOSFET, a still smaller Ron of 7 mcm2 is achieved with a blocking voltage of 1.3 kV.
Pharmacogenomics: from bedside to clinical practice (2006)

The field of pharmacogenomics has seen some exciting advances in the recent past. The Human Genome Project and International HapMap projects have uncovered a wealth of information for researchers. The discovery of clinically predictive genotypes (e.g. UGT1A1*28, TYMS TSER), haplotypes (e.g. VKORC1 Haplotype A) and somatic mutations (e.g. epidermal growth factor receptor), along with the introduction of FDA approved pharmacogenetic tests (UGT1A1*28) and the initiation of a genotype-guided clinical trial for cancer therapy (TYMS TSER in rectal cancer) have provided the first steps towards the integration of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. This review describes some of the recent advances in pharmacogenomics research.
Virtual screening identifies a PIN1 inhibitor with possible antiovarian cancer effects (2019)

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that binds phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in proteins and catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds. PIN1 is overexpressed in several cancers including high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Since few therapies are effective against this cancer, PIN1 could be a therapeutic target but effective PIN1 inhibitors are lacking. To identify molecules with in vivo inhibitory effects on PIN1, we used consensus docking to model existing PIN1-ligand X-ray structures and to screen a chemical database for candidate inhibitors. Ten molecules were selected and tested in cellular assays, leading to the identification of VS10 that bound and inhibited PIN1. VS10 treatment reduced the viability of ovarian cancer cell lines by inducing proteasomal PIN1 degradation, without effects on PIN1 transcription, and also reduced the levels of downstream targets β-catenin, cyclin D1, and pSer473-Akt. VS10 is a selective PIN1 inhibitor that may offer new opportunities for treating PIN1-overexpressing tumors.
Vertical temperature profiles at bird level in broiler houses (1996)

1. The temperature in the close vicinity of commercial broilers was studied in relation to the setpoint temperature throughout the rearing period. 2. Mean temperature in the immediate environment of the chicks was 2.0 degrees C lower than the setpoint of 1 d of age. During the first week this initial temperature difference gradually rose to l.7 degrees C above setpoint. At 18 d of age a further rise to a mean difference of 4.0 degrees C above setpoint was measured. The difference then remained constant from 32 d of age until the end of the fattening period. 3. It was concluded that the chickens were actually brooded at 30 degrees C. During the rearing period the ambient temperature in the close vicinity of the broilers gradually declined to 26 degrees C. 4. During the finishing period, ambient temperature around the broilers was far above the value recommended for optimal food intake and growth. 5. These results are discussed in relation to heat generation and heat fluxes in the broiler houses.
Single step process for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and metal/alloy-filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2007)

Abstract A single-step approach for the synthesis of multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) filled with nanowires of Ni/ternary Zr based hydrogen storage alloy has been illustrated. We also demonstrate the generation of CO-free hydrogen by methane decomposition over alloy hydride catalyst. The present work also highlights the formation of single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) and MWNTs at varying process conditions. These carbon nanostructures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy. This new approach overcomes the existing multi-step process limitation, with possible impact on the development of future fuel cell, nano-battery and hydrogen sensor technologies.
Actividad invernal de Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en las Vegas del Guadiana (Extremadura) (1998)

TORRES-VILA, L. M.; MEJIAS TAPIA, M.; RODRIGUEZ-MOLINA, M. C ; PALO, E.; BIELZA, P. y LACASA, A., 1998: Actividad invernal de Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en las Vegas del Guadiana (Extremadura). Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 24(Adenda al n.° 2): 363-374. The western flower thrips F. occidentalis does not enter in diapause and maintains its reproduction throughout the winter in temperate areas of Spain, precisely where more damage produces itself or together with the TSWV. In the contrary, in cold winter continental areas the thrips overwinters as diapausing adult. To clarify this situation in the Vegas del Guadiana, Extremadura, southwestern Spain, with a transitional climate between both extremes, the winter activity of F. occidentalis was studied during 1995/1996 and 1996/1997. Thrips population dynamic was monitored sampling systematically 30 lucerne shoots every 1-2 weeks and extracting thrips with a Berlese-Tullgren funnel. Additionally, population dynamic was monitored on winter weeds and with chromatic sticky traps. An opposed situation was observed between both winters. During 1995/1996 winter, even though F. occidentalis population was limited, larvae occurred throughout the winter, pointing out that F. occidentalis did not enter in diapause and maintained reproduction. In the contrary, during 1996/1997 winter, larvae were detected only very sporadically, which suggests that thrips reproduction was stopped and adult diapause induced. The comparison of temperatures of both winters with mean-year temperatures, indicates that the usual situation in the Vegas del Guadiana could be the observed during 1996/1997, even though the high winter thermic inter-annual variation that characterizes the region, specially in the last years, also suggests that thrips winter reproduction may be frequent. F. occidentalis occurred on 10 of 13 species of weeds sampled, which confirms their role as potential reservoir to infest crops. Sticky traps were no effective for monitoring adult populations during the winter. It is suggested that winter temperature may be an important factor determining the observed irregular incidence of the F. occidentalis-TSWV complex in the Vegas del Guadiana.
Stability of a jet in confined pressure-driven biphasic flows at low Reynolds number in various geometries (2008)

We adress the question of the stability of a confined coflowing jet at low Reynolds number in various geometries. Our study is motivated by recent experiments in microfluidic devices. When immiscible fluids flow in microchannels, either monodisperse droplets or parallel flows are obtained depending upon the flow rate of the aqueous phase and the oil phase. In these experiments, the confining and the shape of the geometry play a fundamental role. In a previous paper [Guillot, Phys. Rev. Lett 99, 104502 (2007)], we analyzed the stability of the jet in the framework of the lubrication approximation at low Reynolds number in a cylindrical geometry, and we related the transition between the droplets regime and the jet regime to the absolute-convective transition of the Rayleigh plateau instability. In this work, the effect of the channel geometry and the jet position within the microfluidic device are discussed. New flow patterns are pointed out. Bidimensional jets are encountered in square and rectangular geometry. Contrary to jets occuring in circular geometry, these two-dimensional jets are absolutely stable. Focusing on situations where the inner fluid is more viscous than the outer one, we evidence a range of parameters where droplets are produced through a blocking and pinching mechanism. In this particular case, the flow is unstable, the growing perturbations are convected upstream. This induces the clogging of the channel by the internal phase and its pinching by the external one. In a future presentation we will give a comparison between this model and experimental data.
Phthalocyanine as a Chemically Inert, Redox-Active Ligand: Structural and Electronic Properties of a Nb(IV)-Oxo Complex Incorporating a Highly Reduced Phthalocyanine(4−) Anion (2010)

This report describes the reduction of a niobium(V) phthalocyanine complex and investigation of the electronic structure of the resulting products. The reduction of PcNbCl(3) (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) with 5.5 equiv of potassium graphite in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) resulted in the isolation of K(2)PcNbO.5DME (1a). Addition of 18-crown-6 to 1a gave [K(18-crown-6)](2)(mu-DME)PcNbO (1b). Both 1a and 1b were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In both complexes, the niobium center adopts a square pyramidal geometry and is coordinated by four basal Pc nitrogen atoms and an apical oxo ligand. Notably, the Pc ligand in 1a is saddle-shaped, with significant bond length alternation, rather than flat with delocalized bonding. The production of ethylene during the reduction of PcNbCl(3), detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), suggests that the oxo ligand likely results from double C-O bond activation of DME solvent. A combination of spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to establish the electronic structure of 1a. The close correspondence of the electronic absorption spectrum of 1a to that of [PcZn](2-) with a di-reduced Pc(4-) ligand, indicates a similar electronic structure for the two complexes. Evaluation of the electronic transitions for 1a and [PcZn](2-) by time-dependent DFT calculations further suggests a similar electronic structure for both complexes, indicating that differences in symmetry between 1a and [PcZn](2-) do not significantly affect the nature of the electronic transitions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of 1a in solution at room temperature gave a 10-line spectrum, while frozen-solution X- and Q-band EPR spectra are consistent with powder-pattern spectra defined by uniaxial g and (93)Nb hyperfine tensors: these imply the presence of a d(1) Nb(IV) metal center. EPR and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy suggests that the spin density in 1a is centered almost completely on the niobium, in agreement with the DFT calculations. These results illustrate the value of Pc as a chemically inert, redox-active ligand for stabilizing reactive metal centers.
Visual Basic Oracle 8 Programmer's Reference (1999)

From the Publisher:
Visual Basic is the leading database client development tool, with Microsoft research indicating that 70% of all VB applications are database-centric. Oracle database programming has become a major branch of professional VB database programming. VB and Oracle integration is in a growth phase, with Microsoft continuing to extend its support of Oracle in the Visual Studio Programming suite. VB programming enables Oracle skills to be acquired and enables to link VB applications to large powerful databases. While the focus will be on Oracle, many of the topics that are covered will be applicable to all database systems, especially server-based databases.
Abstract P638: Muscadine Grape Seed Extract Improves Glucose Handling in Female but not Male Hypertensive (mRen2)27 Rats (2016)

Muscadine grapes ( Vitis rotundifolia ) are enriched in polyphenols and other flavan-3-ols that may potentially convey cardiovascular benefit through the antioxidant properties of these compounds. In the current study, we established the effects of a muscadine grape extract (MGE, Piedmont Research and Development Corp.) on blood pressure and metabolic function in 20 week-old female and male hemizygous (mRen2)27 transgenic rats, an Ang II-AT 1 R-dependent model of hypertension. Littermates were treated with MGE (0.2 mg/mL) in the drinking water for 6 weeks (n = 7; male and n=5; female); controls were given water only (n = 7; male and n = 6; female). Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) assessed glucose metabolism and serum levels of glucose and insulin were also determined. There were no significant differences between the control and MGE-treated groups for either sex in systolic blood pressure (males: 168 ± 5 vs. 179 ± 4 mmHg; females: 183 ± 5 vs. 162 ± 11 mmHg) or body weight (males: 513 ± 12 vs. 508 ± 22 g; females: 297 ± 4 vs. 294 ± 89 g). The glucose response (area under the curve - AUC) in the female MGE-treated group was markedly lower compared to the untreated controls; however, MGE elicited no effect on the glucose AUC in males (see figure). Although MGE did not influence serum insulin AUC in males or females, the MGE-treated females exhibited a trend for a lower glucose-insulin index. We conclude that MGE intake improves glucose utilization in adult female hypertensive rats independent of changes in blood pressure or body weight. The mechanism(s) underlying the differential response to MGE between the female and male (mRen2)27 transgenic remain to be established
The Fate of Pollutants in Porous Asphalt Pavements, Laboratory Experiments to Investigate Their Potential to Impact Environmental Health (2017)

Pervious Paving Systems (PPS) are part of a sustainable approach to drainage in which excess surface water is encouraged to infiltrate through their structure, during which potentially toxic elements, such as metals and hydrocarbons are treated by biodegradation and physical entrapment and storage. However, it is not known where in the PPS structure these contaminants accumulate, which has implications for environmental health, particularly during maintenance, as well as consequences for the recycling of material from the PPS at the end-of-life. A 1 m³ porous asphalt (PA) PPS test rig was monitored for 38 months after monthly additions of road sediment (RS) (367.5 g in total) and unused oil (430 mL in total), characteristic of urban loadings, were applied. Using a rainfall simulator, a typical UK rainfall rate of 15 mm/h was used to investigate its efficiency in dealing with contamination. Water quality of the effluent discharged from the rig was found to be suitable for discharge to most environments. On completion of the monitoring, a core was taken down through its surface, and samples of sediment and aggregate were taken. Analysis showed that most of the sediment remained in the surface course, with metal levels lower than the original RS, but higher than clean, unused aggregate or PA. However, even extrapolating these concentrations to 20 years' worth of in-service use (the projected life of PPS) did not suggest their accumulation would present an environmental pollution risk when carrying out maintenance of the pavement and also indicates that the material could be recycled at end-of-life.
[Human trabeculer cells in culture and cell identification]. (1998)

These studies suggest that it is not difficult to culture HTCs in general culturing condition as long as the main points about culturing them are known-well. The identification of cultured HTCs must be combined with three aspects: the growing characteristics and morphological features of cultured cells under light and electron microscopes, and the immunohistochemical stained peculiarities of FN, LN and IV C in ECM of cultured cells. To establish the method of culturing HTCs in vitro and to determine identifyng main points concerning cultured HTCs become an essential condition and an important guarantee in order to investigate the pathogenesis and mechanism on primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) deeply.