gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The immunology of primary biliary cirrhosis: the end of the beginning? (2002)

The chronic liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterised by autoreactive B-cell and T-cell responses directed against mitochondrial antigens. In recent years these responses have been extensively characterised and the principal PBC associated autoantigen identified as pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The identification of anti-PDC responses (present in over 95% of PDC patients) has given rise to important questions pertinent to our understanding of the pathogenesis of PBC. What specific role to anti-PDC responses play in target cell damage? How and why does immune tolerance break down to as highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed self-antigen as PDC? Why does breakdown in tolerance to an antigen present in all nucleated cells result in damage restricted to the intra-hepatic bile ducts? In attempting to answer these key questions we have, in this review, proposed a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of PBC.
Iterative reconstruction for helical CT: a simulation study (1998)

Iterative reconstruction algorithms for helical CT are presented. The algorithms are derived from two-dimensional reconstruction algorithms, by adapting the projector/backprojector to the helical orbit of the source, and by constraining the axial frequencies with a Gaussian sieve. Simulations have been carried out and the performance of the iterative algorithms is compared to that of filtered backprojection of synthetic (interpolated) two-dimensional sinograms. The iterative algorithms produce superior bias-noise curves. Axial resolution is superior, but disturbing edge-artefacts are introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOFLUOROSILICATES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 3. COPPER(II) OXIDATION OF ORGANOPENTAFLUOROSILICATES. SYNTHETIC UTILITY AND MECHANISTIC IMPLICATIONS (1978)

Abstract Olefine (I) addieren Trichlorsilan (II) zum Addukt (III), das mit KF zu den Komplexen (IV) führt.
Health and Safety Aspects of Human MR Studies (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Historical Development 2 Static Magnetic Fields 3 Time-Varying Magnetic Fields 4 The Radiofrequency Heating Theory 5 Contrast Agents 6 Implants 7 Conclusions and Guidelines 8 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
DC optimization approach to robust controls: the optimal scaling value problem (2000)

The optimal scaling problem (OSP) for constant scaling in output feedback control is an inherently difficult nonconvex problem for which in general existing local search algorithms can at best locate a local solution. However, it can be restated as a problem of globally minimizing a convex function under DC constraints, i.e., constraints that can be expressed in terms of differences of convex functions. A particular structure of this DC optimization problem is that it becomes convex when a relatively small number of "complicating" variables are held fixed. We propose alternative branch and bound algorithms for OSP, which exploit this structure by branching upon the complicating variables and use adaptive sub-division strategies to speed-up the convergence to the global solution.
Characterization of photonic nanojets formed by dielectric microfibers (2019)

Dielectric microelements with cylindrical and spherical shapes can form an intense sharply focused optical beam, termed “photonic nanojet”. Novel optical devices based on photonic nanojet effect can possibly be used in a broad range of biomedical and photonics applications, including super-resolution microscopy, laser tissue surgery, optical endoscopy and spectroscopy, photo-patterning of thin films, and photovoltaics. The use of photonic nanojets in such devices requires meticulous tuning of several parameters of the focusing element and the light source. In this work, we investigated the multifactorial parameterization of photonic nanojets using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. Input parameters that are investigated include index of refraction (1.2-2.2) and diameter (5-50 &mu;m) of the microfiber. In each simulation, the focusing element was illuminated with a plane wave. For each parameter set, the characteristic parameters of the nanojets, such as lateral resolution, back focal length, and the maximum electric field amplification were calculated. Our results showed that optimal values of electric field amplification, back focal length, and lateral resolution do not occur under the same initial parameterization and tend to trade-off with one another. Detailed results from our investigation will provide insight for future tailoring of nanojet properties of microelements in design of novel optical devices for nanophotonics applications.
Characterization and Applications of Poly‐Acetate Modified Silica Polyamine Composites (2007)

Abstract Silica polyamine composites made from silanized amorphous silica gel and a polyamine (polyallylamine (BP‐1) and poly(ethyleneimine) (WP‐1)) were functionalized with ethylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic (EDTA) anhydride resulting in the modified composites BP‐ED and WP‐ED respectively. Successful immobilization of the poly‐acetate ligand was confirmed by weight gain, IR and elemental analysis. The modified composites had ligand loading values of 0.78 mmol/g and 0.58 mmol/g respectively. Adsorption characteristics were investigated for BP‐ED and WP‐ED by pH profiles, time dependent isotherms, concentration dependent isotherms, and the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Metal ion capacities (mmol of metal adsorbed per gram of adsorbent) were shown to increase with pH for BP‐ED and WP‐ED, which is in contrast with silica gel modified with EDTA anhydride via amino propyl silane without the use of a polyamine where the opposite trend is observed. The adsorption of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Co(II) onto BP‐ED and WP‐ED was shown to fit the Langmuir adsorption model, which indicates a monolayer, non‐cooperative metal ion uptake. For both composites the divalent metal ion selectivity is as follows: Cu(II)>Ni(II)>> Zn(II), Co(II)>> Mn(II). Also the trivalent metal ion selectivity is as follows: Fe(III)>Ga(III)>> Eu(III)>Al(III). This is in close agreement with reported formation constants for EDTA in solution. Breakthrough and recovery tests were carried out using a 5cc packed column. The separation and recovery of Ni(II) from Co(II) when BP‐ED was challenged with a solution containing 1.5 mg/L of both metals resulted in an acidic strip solution of greater than 97% Ni(II) purity. Further, selective separation of Ni(II) from a solution containing low levels of Co(II) and Zn(II) and high level Fe(II) at pH=1 was also achieved. Ni(II) was extracted at a flow rate of 0.1 column volumes per minute (0.5 mL/min) and recovered in greater than 90% purity by an acidic strip. Impurity in the strip was a consequence of Fe(II) oxidation to Fe(III). These tests demonstrate that well resolved separations of one divalent metal ion from one or more other divalent metal ions are possible through the use of EDTA anhydride modified silica polyamine composites with higher capacities than the previously reported amino propyl silane modified silica gel.
Mammalian p53R2 Protein Forms an Active Ribonucleotide Reductasein Vitro with the R1 Protein, Which Is Expressed Both in Resting Cells in Response to DNA Damage and in Proliferating Cells (2001)

Recently, a homologue of the small subunit of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) was discovered, called p53R2. Unlike the well characterized S phase-specific RNR R2 protein, the new form was induced in response to DNA damage by the p53 protein. Because the R2 protein is specifically degraded in late mitosis and absent in G0/G1 cells, the induction of the p53R2 protein may explain how resting cells can obtain deoxyribonucleotides for DNA repair. However, no direct demonstration of RNR activity of the p53R2 protein was presented and furthermore, no corresponding RNR large subunit was identified. In this study we show that recombinant, highly purified human and mouse p53R2 proteins contain an iron-tyrosyl free radical center, and both proteins form an active RNR complex with the human and mouse R1 proteins. UV irradiation of serum-starved, G0/G1-enriched mouse fibroblasts, stably transformed with an R1 promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct, caused a 3-fold increase in luciferase activity 24 h after irradiation, paralleled by an increase in the levels of R1 protein. Taken together, our data indicate that the R1 protein can function as the normal partner of the p53R2 protein and that an R1-p53R2 complex can supply resting cells with deoxyribonucleotides for DNA repair.
Experimental Determination of Pressure Wave Transmission to the Brain During Head-Neck Blast Tests (2013)

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been the termed the “signature injury” in wounded soldiers in recent military operations [1]. Evidence has shown a strong association between TBI and blast loading to the head due to exposure to explosive events [2, 3]. Head injury mechanisms in a primary blast environment remain elusive and are the subject of much speculation and hypotheses. However, brain injury mechanisms have traditionally been attributed to either a direct impact or a rapid head acceleration or deceleration. Extensive research has been performed regarding the effects of blunt trauma and inertial loading on head injuries [4, 5]. Direct impacts to the head can largely be described based on linear acceleration measurements that correlate to skull fracture and focal brain injuries [6]. Computational head modeling of blunt impact events has shown that the linear acceleration response correlates well with increases in brain pressure [7]. Intracranial pressure, therefore, has been one of the major quantities investigated for correlation to blast induced TBI injury mechanisms [8–14].
Context-Aware Target Classification with Hybrid Gaussian Process prediction for Cooperative Vehicle Safety systems (2022)

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the robustness and safety of autonomous vehicles by improving coordination and removing the barrier of non-line-of-sight sensing. Cooperative Vehicle Safety (CVS) applications are tightly dependent on the reliability of the underneath data system, which can suffer from loss of information due to the inherent issues of their different components, such as sensors failures or the poor performance of V2X technologies under dense communication channel load. Particularly, information loss affects the target classification module and, subsequently, the safety application performance. To enable reliable and robust CVS systems that mitigate the effect of information loss, we proposed a Context-Aware Target Classification (CA-TC) module coupled with a hybrid learning-based predictive modeling technique for CVS systems. The CA-TC consists of two modules: A Context-Aware Map (CAM), and a Hybrid Gaussian Process (HGP) prediction system. Consequently, the vehicle safety applications use the information from the CA-TC, making them more robust and reliable. The CAM leverages vehicles path history, road geometry, tracking, and prediction; and the HGP is utilized to provide accurate vehicles' trajectory predictions to compensate for data loss (due to communication congestion) or sensor measurements' inaccuracies. Based on offline real-world data, we learn a finite bank of driver models that represent the joint dynamics of the vehicle and the drivers' behavior. We combine offline training and online model updates with on-the-fly forecasting to account for new possible driver behaviors. Finally, our framework is validated using simulation and realistic driving scenarios to confirm its potential in enhancing the robustness and reliability of CVS systems.
Mass spectra of sulfonephthalein pH indicator dyes and their impurities (2017)

Sulfonephthalein pH indicator dyes have historically been noted for impurities originating from the synthesis process, which lead to batch to batch differences in pH measurements. Uncertainties up to 0.1 pH units have been attributed to impurities in these reagents. In an effort to understand the extent of impurities in these dyes and the potential impact on the expanded uncertainty of spectrophotometric pH measurements, we have examined seven commercially available sulfonephthalein pH indicators using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS): bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromothymol blue (BTB), cresol red (CR), meta-cresol purple (MCP), phenol red (PR), and thymol blue (TB). Peaks eluting from the LC were subjected to fragmentation by mass spectrometry. The resulting dataset will aid in efforts to improve the synthesis or purification of these dyes.
Establishing a Selectivity Survey as Part of the Method Development Activity for an Isocratic Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method (2004)

Often high-performance liquid chromatography method development is done by choosing a single C18 column and optimizing only the mobile phase composition. In this paper, it is demonstrated how to evaluate and optimize the best combination of the different stationary phase chemistries and mobile phases for a limited method development activity. By using column and mobile phase switching, it is possible to automate most of the activity in a nine-step process. Columns are chosen to represent the range of selectivity currently available. Interestingly, although the most popular column is the C18 phase, it is not the best column for the optimized methods in the cases studied.
Plasma Electrotechnological Installations (2019)

The physical foundations of the conversion of electrical energy into plasma energy are described on the basis of modern ideas about the interactions of plasma with an electromagnetic field; considered electrical circuits, including arc discharges of direct and alternating current, sets forth the basics of plasma electrodynamics with the introduction of the concepts of frequency and spatial dispersion; The characteristics of electric arc plasmatrons of various designs and plasma electrical technologies implemented in modern industrial equipment are analyzed. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal higher education standards. For students of higher educational institutions, studying in the direction of training "Power and Electrical Engineering". The publication may be useful to students, undergraduates, graduate students and specialists in plasma technology.
Comparison of aerosol delivery across combinations of drug delivery interfaces with and without concurrent high-flow nasal therapy (2019)

This article will be of considerable benefit in enhancing the understanding of aerosol delivery during HFNT, an increasingly adopted therapeutic intervention by healthcare professionals.
Preclinical Neuropathic Pain Assessment; the Importance of Translatability and Bidirectional Research : Translatable and Bidirectional Research (2021)

© 2021 Fisher, Lanigan, Upton and Lione. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pipeline Internal Damage Prediction by Deterministic Models and Neural Networks (2014)

Abstract Internal corrosion is a crucial issue for the safe operation of oil&amp;gas pipelines. Corrosion in pipelines is due to interaction of several mechanisms and parameters, as for instance: electrochemistry, water chemistry, protective scales, flow velocity, steel composition, localized bacteria attacks, and more. The phenomenon is very complex and despite the large number of models proposed in literature, rarely can be reproduced and/or predicted for fit for purpose estimates. In this paper, available corrosion models were examined and compared with field case data. The need for implementation with more parameters was pointed out, and an attempt to define a comprehensive approach was pursued. An ideal model shall be able to describe the evolution of a corrosion situation in time and in space (along the pipeline). Fluid velocity and flow regime as a function of pipeline length were taken into account, and available Water Wetting models were also implemented. Model results were compared and calibrated with intelligent pig inspection results, corrosion rate and thickness measurements. To a better understanding and a more accurate prediction of the phenomenon, the implementation of more sophisticated mathematical analysis tools (ANN, Artificial Neural Newtorks) was also suggested. A first case study shows that a ANN based model can outperform the deterministic ones.
Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFrontal Polymerization Synthesis of Temperature-Sensitive HydrogelsRandy P. Washington and Oliver SteinbockView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 32, 7933–7934Publication Date (Web):July 18, 2001Publication History Received30 April 2001Revised27 June 2001Published online18 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0161103Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1482Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (70 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Absorption,Hydrogels,Monomers,Phase separation,Polymerization Get e-Alerts
Zero average current error controlled power flow for AC-DC power converters (1995)

Unity and controlled power factor AC-DC power converters require a current control technique with zero average current error (ZACE) in each switching period. Acting on the current error signal alone, a ZACE controlled converter offers complete real and reactive power flow control with negligible low order current harmonics, a narrow switching frequency band, and relative immunity to DC link or AC line voltage harmonics. Slope-generated hysteresis, a new ZACE current control method is introduced. Simulation and experimental results in a three phase converter are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Periodontal Disease Progression (2000)

This study indicates that clinically significant progression of attachment loss in posterior tooth sites occurs as a frequent event in adult periodontitis. The modeling data also suggest that short-term (6 month) measures of periodontal disease progression greatly improve the ability to model attachment loss over a longer period in untreated periodontitis patients.
Spectral Energy Distribution in X-Ray Beam as a Function of Wavelength* (1952)

A method is described for obtaining the distribution of energy in an x-ray beam as a function of wavelength. The method consists of obtaining filtration data with suitable filter material, and analyzing this data in terms of Laplace transforms. The desired distribution of energy is obtained in terms of a sum of inverse Laplace transforms.
PIE-NET: Parametric Inference of Point Cloud Edges (2020)

We introduce an end-to-end learnable technique to robustly identify feature edges in 3D point cloud data. We represent these edges as a collection of parametric curves (i.e.,lines, circles, and B-splines). Accordingly, our deep neural network, coined PIE-NET, is trained for parametric inference of edges. The network relies on a "region proposal" architecture, where a first module proposes an over-complete collection of edge and corner points, and a second module ranks each proposal to decide whether it should be considered. We train and evaluate our method on the ABC dataset, a large dataset of CAD models, and compare our results to those produced by traditional (non-learning) processing pipelines, as well as a recent deep learning based edge detector (EC-NET). Our results significantly improve over the state-of-the-art from both a quantitative and qualitative standpoint.
Structural characterization of nanocrystalline copper by means of x-ray diffraction (1996)

Quantitative x-ray-diffraction measurements were performed on a nanocrystalline Cu sample made by severe plastic deformation. The shape of Bragg reflections was found to be represented primarily by a Lorentzian function. A difference of as much as 6%±3% was revealed between the integrated intensities from the nanocrystalline and a reference coarse-grained Cu samples. The broadening of Bragg reflections from the nanocrystalline Cu sample was mainly induced by small crystallite sizes and microstrains inside the grains and/or the deformed layers near the grain boundaries. It was found that the grain sizes of nanocrystalline Cu in different crystallographic orientations are essentially the same, while the microstrains exhibit a significant anisotropy. The Debye–Waller parameter B of the nanocrystalline Cu sample was 0.97±0.06 Å2, which suggests that the atomic displacement from their ideal lattice positions equals on average 0.111±0.004 Å or 4.3% of the nearest-neighbor spacing.
Floating-point bitwidth analysis via automatic differentiation (2003)

Automatic bitwidth analysis is a key ingredient for highlevel programming of FPGAs and high-level synthesis of VLSI circuits. The objective is to find the minimal number of bits to represent a value in order to minimise the circuit area and to improve efficiency of the respective arithmetic operations, while satisfying user-defined numerical constraints. We present a novel approach to bitwidth- or precision-analysis for floating-point designs. The approach involves analysing the dataflow graph representation of a design to see how sensitive the output of a node is to changes in the outputs of other nodes: higher sensitivity requires higher precision and hence more output bits. We automate such sensitivity analysis by a mathematical method called automatic differentiation, which involves differentiating variables in a design with respect to other variables. We illustrate our approach by optimising the bitwidth for two examples, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) implementation and a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter implementation.
Why is the prostate cancer death rate declining in the united states? (1998)

Changes in prostate cancer detection and patterns of care may account for recent declines in prostate cancer mortality in the United States.