gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Electrolyte Flooding for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction via Infiltration of Hydrophobic Particles in a Gas Diffusion Layer (2022)

Achieving operational stability at high current densities remains a challenge in CO2 electrolyzers due to flooding of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) that supports the electrocatalyst. We mitigated electrode flooding at high current densities using a vacuum-assisted infiltration method to embed 200–400 nm-sized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles at the interface of the microporous layer (MPL) and carbon cloth in a commercial GDL. In CO2 electrolysis to CO over a silver nanoparticle catalyst on the GDL, the PTFE-embedded GDL not only just exhibited less than 10% of the electrolyte seepage rates observed in untreated GDLs at a current density of 300 mA·cm–2 but also expanded the electrochemical active area across the testing conditions. The PTFE-embedded GDL also maintained a Faradaic efficiency for CO2 electrolysis to CO above 80% for more than 100 h at 100 mA·cm–2, which was a 50-fold improvement in the stable operation time of the electrolyzer.
Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Pancreas and Liver (2010)

Culturing embryonic tissue in an in vitro setting offers the unique ability to manipulate the external medium and therefore to investigate the pathways involved in regulating normal organogenesis as well as providing models for developmental disorders. Here we describe a system for the in vitro culture of the dorsal pancreatic buds and liver buds from mouse embryos. The tissues are dissected from day 9.0 or 11.5 mouse embryos. The tissues are placed on fibronectin-coated coverslips in serum-containing medium and allowed to attach. Over the next few days, the buds grow as flattened structures which are thin enough to allow the use of wholemount immunostaining methods.
RU486 (1994)

More than a decade after the serendipidous discovery of RU486, numerous antiprogestins have been synthesized and studied. Interest in how antiprogestins exert their antagonist effect has led to novel information about the molecular mechanisms of progesterone action. The pivotal role that progesterone plays in reproductive biology has led to research in many areas where a potential role for these compounds may be found in health and disease. RU486 has been shown to relieve pelvic pain associated with endometriosis and to decrease American Fertility Society endometriosis scores. Uterine leiomyomata show a significant reduction in size after administration of RU486 for 3 months. Although much research remains to be carried out, RU486 appears promising as alternative therapies for these diseases.
Relationship between the Presence of Bartonella Species and Bacterial Loads in Cats and Cat Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) under Natural Conditions (2015)

Cats are considered the main reservoir of three zoonotic Bartonella species: Bartonella henselae, Bartonella clarridgeiae, and Bartonella koehlerae. Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector of B. henselae and have been proposed as the potential vector of the two other Bartonella species. Previous studies have reported a lack of association between the Bartonella species infection status (infected or uninfected) and/or bacteremia levels of cats and the infection status of the fleas they host. Nevertheless, to date, no study has compared the quantitative distributions of these bacteria in both cats and their fleas under natural conditions. Thus, the present study explored these relationships by identifying and quantifying the different Bartonella species in both cats and their fleas. Therefore, EDTA-blood samples and fleas collected from stray cats were screened for Bartonella bacteria. Bacterial loads were quantified by high-resolution melt real-time quantitative PCR assays. The results indicated a moderate correlation between the Bartonella bacterial loads in the cats and their fleas when both were infected with the same Bartonella species. Moreover, a positive effect of the host infection status on the Bartonella bacterial loads of the fleas was observed. Conversely, the cat bacterial loads were not affected by the infection status of their fleas. Our results suggest that the Bartonella bacterial loads of fleas are positively affected by the presence of the bacteria in their feline host, probably by multiple acquisitions/accumulation and/or multiplication events.
Worst Case Linear Discriminant Analysis as Scalable Semidefinite Feasibility Problems (2015)

In this paper, we propose an efficient semidefinite programming (SDP) approach to worst case linear discriminant analysis (WLDA). Compared with the traditional LDA, WLDA considers the dimensionality reduction problem from the worst case viewpoint, which is in general more robust for classification. However, the original problem of WLDA is non-convex and difficult to optimize. In this paper, we reformulate the optimization problem of WLDA into a sequence of semidefinite feasibility problems. To efficiently solve the semidefinite feasibility problems, we design a new scalable optimization method with a quasi-Newton method and eigen-decomposition being the core components. The proposed method is orders of magnitude faster than standard interior-point SDP solvers. Experiments on a variety of classification problems demonstrate that our approach achieves better performance than standard LDA. Our method is also much faster and more scalable than standard interior-point SDP solvers-based WLDA. The computational complexity for an SDP with m constraints and matrices of size d by d is roughly reduced from O(m(3)+md(3)+m(2)d(2)) to O(d(3)) (m>d in our case).
High-power, ultralow-mass solar arrays: FY-77 solar arrays technology readiness assessment report, Volume 1 (1978)

Development efforts are reported in detail for: (1) a lightweight solar array system for solar electric propulsion; (2) a high efficiency thin silicon solar cell; (3) conceptual design of 200 W/kg solar arrays; (4) fluorocarbon encapsulation for silicon solar cell array; and (5) technology assessment of concentrator solar arrays.
Investigation of the Gas‐Jet Wiping Process − Two‐Phase Large Eddy Simulations Elucidate Impingement Dynamics and Wave Formation on Zinc Coatings (2017)

In addition to corrosion resistance and processing properties, high coating uniformity is a key quality criterion for galvanized steel sheets. Hydrodynamic gas jet wiping has proved to be an efficient method to control the coating thickness. However, the occurrence of non‐uniformities is attributed to the unsteadiness of the impinging jet. For the first time, vertical surface non‐uniformities resulting from the interaction of the impinging jet with the liquid coating are numerically predicted under industrial boundary conditions using the ANSYS Fluent ® . The turbulent flow field of the compressible wiping gas is accomplished by the LES (Large‐Eddy‐Simulation) turbulence model, whereas the interphase between the wiping gas and the liquid coating is modeled by the VOF (Volume‐of‐Fluid) method. It is found that the liquid coating reacts relatively slowly to the high frequent flapping gas jet. Only, when the jet is deflected for a comparatively long period, significant waves are able to develop. The waviness predicted by the simulation model is in good agreement with experimental results. Thus, the model enables a careful study of process settings on the vertical coating uniformity characteristics. For the studied case, an increase of nozzle inclination is found to enhance the performance in terms of coating uniformity significantly.
Cancellation of Amplifier Offset and <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$1/{f}$</tex></formula> Noise: An Improved Chopper Stabilized Technique (2007)

In this brief, a theoretical analysis on the limits of conventional chopper stabilization technique is presented and a solution conceived to improve the amplifier performance is proposed. The expected replicas of the 1/f noise at the chopping frequency and its multiples are attenuated by a modified chopping control. Simulations done by using records of real 1/f noise outputs showed that, by following the proposed approach, the spectrum of the signal is not affected while the 1/f replicas are reduced by more than 40 dB with respect to conventional techniques. The required circuit for the generation of the chopping signal is also described. The resulting overhead with respect to conventional techniques is negligible and fully acceptable.
A Monoclonal Antibody-GDNF Fusion Protein Is Not Neuroprotective and Is Associated with Proliferative Pancreatic Lesions in Parkinsonian Monkeys (2012)

Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that has neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been proposed as a PD therapy. GDNF does not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), and requires direct intracerebral delivery to be effective. Trojan horse technology, in which GDNF is coupled to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR), has been proposed to allow GDNF BBB transport (ArmaGen Technologies Inc.). In this study we tested the feasibility of HIRMAb-GDNF to induce neuroprotection in parkinsonian monkeys, as well as its tolerability and safety. Adult rhesus macaques were assessed throughout the study with a clinical rating scale, a computerized fine motor skills task and general health evaluations. Following baseline measurements, the animals received a unilateral intracarotid artery MPTP injection. Seven days later the animals were evaluated, matched according to disability and blindly assigned to receive twice a week i.v. treatments (vehicle, 1 or 5 mg/kg HIRmAb-GDNF) for a period of three months. HIRmAb-GDNF did not improve parkinsonian motor symptoms and induced a dose-dependent hypersensitivity reaction. Quantification of dopaminergic striatal optical density and stereological nigral cell counts did not demonstrate differences between treatment groups. Focal pancreatic acinar to ductular metaplasia (ADM) was noted in four of seven animals treated with 1 mg/kg HIRmAb-GDNF; two of four with ADM also had focal pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 1B (PanIN-1B) lesions. Minimal to mild, focal to multifocal, nonsuppurative myocarditis was noted in all animals in the 5 mg/kg treatment group. Our results demonstrate that HIRmAb-GDNF dosing in a monkey model of PD is not an effective neuroprotective strategy and may present serious health risks that should be considered when planning future use of the IR antibody as a carrier, or of any systemic treatment of a GDNF-containing molecule.
Inversion in the In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor system: Impact of the In0.53Ga0.47As doping concentration (2017)

In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with an Al2O3 gate oxide and a range of n and p-type In0.53Ga0.47As epitaxial concentrations were examined. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage characterization exhibited minority carrier responses consistent with surface inversion. The measured minimum capacitance at high frequency (1 MHz) was in excellent agreement with the theoretical minimum capacitance calculated assuming an inverted surface. Minority carrier generation lifetimes, τg, extracted from experimentally measured transition frequencies, ωm, using physics based a.c. simulations, demonstrated a reduction in τg with increasing epitaxial doping concentration. The frequency scaled conductance, G/ω, in strong inversion allowed the estimation of accurate Cox values for these MOS devices.
Adaptive scheduling and voltage scaling for multiprocessor real-time applications with non-deterministic workload (2008)

The computational workload of some real-time applications varies significantly during runtime, which makes the task scheduling and power management a challenge. One of the major influences to the workload of an application is the selection of conditional branches which may activate or deactivate a large set of operations. Focusing on real-time applications with variable workload which is due to random branch selection, this paper presents a framework of task mapping, scheduling and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for a multiprocessor system. The proposed framework maintains workload awareness using dynamic profiling of branch probability. The profiled information is utilized by the scheduling and DVFS algorithm that are adopted in this framework to generate statistically optimal solution.
Involvement of NO and EDHF in Flow-Induced Vasodilation in Isolated Hamster Cremasteric Arterioles (2005)

Flow-induced vasodilation in hamster cremasteric arterioles was investigated with special reference to the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Arterioles (approximately 60 microm resting diameter) were cannulated, and suffused with MOPS solution at 37 degrees C (mean intraluminal pressure: 80 cm H(2)O). Step increases in the perfusate flow elicited a dose-dependent vasodilation, which was almost proportional to the increases in calculated wall shear stress (WSS). N(omega)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) reduced the flow-induced vasodilation by approximately 50%, whereas indomethacin (10 microM) produced no significant effect. In the presence of L-NAME, the residual vasodilation was eliminated by treatment with the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitor 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA, 50 microM), sulfaphenazol (10 microM), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 3 mM; a nonselective Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel inhibitor), or charybdotoxin (ChTX, 0.1 microM; intermediate or large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel inhibitor). In the absence of L-NAME, the dilation was also reduced by approximately 50% by treatment with 17-ODYA, TEA, or ChTX. The residual vasodilation was eliminated by additional treatment with L-NAME. The inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)), glibenclamide, also caused a significant, but partial, reduction of the flow-induced vasodilation. The residual vasodilation was completely reduced by additional treatment with 17-ODYA, but not L-NAME. These findings suggest that in hamster cremaster, higher flow rate produces NO, K(ATP), and EDHF vasodilation of the arterioles under physiological conditions.
Face Verification Across Age Progression (2006)

Human faces undergo considerable amounts of varialions with aging. While face recognition systems have been proven to be sensitive to factors such as illumination and pose, their sensitivity to facial aging effects is yet to be studied. How does age progression affect the similarity between a pair of face images of an individual? What is the confidence associated with establishing the identity between a pair of age separated face images? In this paper, we develop a Bayesian age difference classifier that classifies face images of individuals based on age differences and performs face verification across age progression. Further, we study the similarity of faces across age progression. Since age separated face images invariably differ in illumination and pose, we propose preprocessing methods for minimizing such variations. Experimental results using a database comprising of pairs of face images that were retrieved from the passports of 465 individuals are presented. The verification system for faces separated by as many as nine years, attains an equal error rate of 8.5%.
Macromolecular Inhibition of Quorum Sensing: Enzymes, Antibodies, and Beyond (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMacromolecular Inhibition of Quorum Sensing: Enzymes, Antibodies, and BeyondNeri Amara†, Bastiaan P. Krom‡, Gunnar F. Kaufmann§, and Michael M. Meijler*†View Author Information Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Kolff Institute, University Medical Center Groningen and the University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and Departments of Chemistry and Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.‡University Medical Center Groningen and the University of Groningen.§The Scripps Research Institute.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 1, 195–208Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2010Publication History Received30 March 2010Published online18 November 2010Published inissue 12 January 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100101chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100101creview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3943Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bacteria,Immunology,Infectious diseases,Molecules,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive Optical Imaging of Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Infection in Living Mice Using a Bis-Dipicolylamine-Zinc(II) Affinity Group Conjugated to a Near-Infrared Fluorophore (2008)

Optical imaging of bacterial infection in living animals is usually conducted with genetic reporters such as light-emitting enzymes or fluorescent proteins. However, there are many circumstances where genetic reporters are not applicable, and there is a need for exogenous synthetic probes that can selectively target bacteria. The focus of this study is a fluorescent imaging probe that is composed of a bacterial affinity group conjugated to a near-infrared dye. The affinity group is a synthetic zinc (II) coordination complex that targets the anionic surfaces of bacterial cells. The probe allows detection of Staphylococcus aureus infection (5 x 10 (7) cells) in a mouse leg infection model using whole animal near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Region of interest analysis showed that the signal ratio for infected leg to uninfected leg reaches 3.9 +/- 0.5 at 21 h postinjection of the probe. Ex vivo imaging of the organs produced a signal ratio of 8 for infected to uninfected leg. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the probe targeted the bacterial cells in the infected tissue. Optimization of the imaging filter set lowered the background signal due to autofluorescence and substantially improved imaging contrast. The study shows that near-infrared molecular probes are amenable to noninvasive optical imaging of localized S. aureus infection.
Role of multi-ion interactions in the stacking-fault energies of transition metals (1976)

The theory of multi-ion interactions is applied to calculations of the stacking-fault energies of transition metals. It is found that observed trends in the stabilities of close-packed transition metals can be explained on the basis of a simple model in which resonant scattering, three-ion interactions dominate.
Activation of mouse sperm phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate-phospholipase C by zona pellucida is modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation (1996)

Many cellular responses to the occupancy of membrane receptors include the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) by phospholipase C (PLC) and the subsequent generation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). In the gamete interaction system, sperm respond to binding to the egg's extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida (zp), by exocytosis of the acrosome in a process known as the acrosome reaction (AR). Under physiological conditions, zp binding stimulates ARs only after sperm have undergone a final maturation phase, known as capacitation. One of the zp glycoproteins, ZP3, serves as the ligand for sperm plasma membrane receptors and as the trigger for this regulated exocytosis. Both phosphoinositide-linked and tyrosine kinase-mediated pathways participate in the signalling cascade triggered by sperm-zp interaction. This paper reports that stimulation with solubilized zp increased PIP2-PLC enzymatic activity from mouse sperm. ZP3 is the zp component responsible for this stimulation. The effect was abolished by tyrphostin, suggesting that zp activation of PLC was mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation and that gamma was the PLC isoform involved. We show the presence and distribution of PLC gamma 1 in mouse sperm. Immunostaining studies indicate that PLC gamma 1 is restricted to the sperm head. Sperm capacitation induced translocation of PLC gamma 1 from the soluble to the particulate fraction. These data suggest that PLC gamma 1 constitutes a component in the cascade that couples sperm binding to the egg's extracellular matrix with acrosomal exocytosis, a regulated secretory response upon which fertilization depends absolutely.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Clusterin Is a Critical Downstream Mediator of Stress-Induced YB-1 Transactivation in Prostate Cancer (2023)

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Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions (2018)

One-pot oxidative transformation of alcohols into esters is very attractive, but metal-based catalysts are used in the reported routes. We discovered that the basic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] OAc) could effectively catalyze this kind of reaction using O<sub>2</sub> as an oxidant without any other catalysts or additives. The oxidative self-esterification of benzylic alcohols or aliphatic alcohols and cross-esterification between benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols could all be achieved with high yields. Detailed study revealed that the cation with acidic proton and basic acetate anion could simultaneously form multiple hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the alcohols, which catalyzed the reaction very effectively. As far as we know, this is the first work to carry out this kind of reaction under metal-free conditions.
Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Entry into Human Cells by Nonsaccharide Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics (2018)

Although heparan sulfate (HS) has been implicated in facilitating entry of enveloped viruses including herpes simplex virus (HSV), small molecules that effectively compete with this abundant, cell surface macromolecule remain unknown. We reasoned that entry of HSV-1 involving its glycoprotein D (gD) binding to HS could be competitively targeted through small, synthetic, nonsaccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics (NSGMs). Screening a library of NSGMs identified a small, distinct group that bound gD with affinities of 8-120 nM. Studies on HSV-1 entry into HeLa, HFF-1, and VK2/E6E7 cells identified inhibitors with potencies in the range of 0.4-1.0 μM. These synthetic NSGMs are likely to offer promising chemical biology probes and/or antiviral drug discovery opportunities.
Structure and function of the chalcone synthase superfamily of plant type III polyketide synthases (2010)

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