gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the in vivo sodium-removing activity of various types of ion exchange resins in rats. (1953)

ON exchange resins have now come into use for the control of sodium absorp- tion in various types of edema, and are being administered experimentally in some cases of hypertension. In fact, resins are proving effective in any sit- uation where restriction of gastrointestinal absorption of sodium is of impor- tance (Arnold,l Dock,2 Hay and Wood,3 Danowski and associateq4 Kahn and :Emerson, Martz, Kohlstaedt and HelmerG, i ). The resins in use at the pres- ent time have several disadvantages as therapeutic measures, i.e., large daily doses of an insoluble material; acidosis which, although generally compensated, may over1oa.d the kidneys; loss of sodium absorbing capacity of the resin due Male rats of the Wistar strain were used for all experiments. The animals were placed in metabolism cages, two rats to a cage, and given food and distilled water ad libitum. A standard ground rat diet was fed to all animals. Resin-containing diets were prepared by mixing the desired amounts of resin in this standard diet. Table I gives the composition of all the diets reported in this paper. These will be referred to in the text either by number or by the specific resin which is under consideration in that section. Food and water con- sumption and body weight were measured daily. Urine and feces were collected from each cage daily during test periods and pooled for three-day samples. The animals were main- tained on either the standard or test diet for seven days, then urine and feces samples were collected for two successive three-day periods. Each resin test was preceded and followed by a. test on the standard diet. The intake of food and resin was not controlled, but in general the rats compensated for the noncaloric resin by eating larger amounts of the resin-eontain- ing diets. Feces, urine, and food samples were analyzed for chloride, phosphate, sodium, and potassium. The use of distilled water in the drinking bottles precluded the necessity of analyzing the water except when the two liquid resins were tested. Urine chlorides were determined by the modified Volhard-Harvey titration method, and urine inorganic phosphate by the Fiske and Subbarow method. Urinary sodium and potassium were determined on suitably diluted samples using the Beckmann flame photometer. Feces samples were dried for t,welve to eighteen hours in an oven at 100 C. They were then ground and thoroughly mixed. Chlorides were determined on 2-gram samples of the dried feces by the open Carius method. For the determination of fecal phosphate, sodium, and potassium, a 500 mg. sample -__
Platelet Transfusion in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Benefits, Risks, Alternatives (2011)

Platelet transfusions were introduced into clinical medicine about 60 years ago when they were shown to reduce the mortality rate of patients with leukemia who were bleeding secondary to hyporegenerative thrombocytopenia. In modern neonatology units, platelet transfusions are integral and indeed lifesaving for some neonates. However, the great majority of platelet transfusions currently administered in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are not given in the original paradigm to treat thrombocytopenic hemorrhage, but instead are administered prophylactically with the hope that they will reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding. Weighing the risks and benefits of platelet transfusion, although imprecise, should be attempted each time a platelet transfusion is ordered. Adopting guidelines specific for platelet transfusion will improve consistency of care and will also generally reduce transfusion usage, thereby reducing costs and conserving valuable blood bank resources. Initiating specific programs to improve compliance with transfusion guidelines can further improve NICU transfusion practice.
A phase II open-label trial of dacomitinib monotherapy in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. (2012)

54 Background: HER2 is a clinically relevant therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy has improved patients’ survival in HER2 (+) advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Pan-HER inhibitor shows significant antitumor effects in in vitro and xenograft model of HER2 (+) gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to find the efficacy/safety of dacomitinib, a irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor by Pfizer, in HER2 (+) AGC patients. Methods: We enrolled AGC patients with HER2 FISH (+) or HER2 IHC 3+ who were treated with at least one prior palliative chemotherapy regimen and with ECOG PS 0-2, normal cardiac ejection fraction. Patients were treated with dacomitinib 45 mg once daily continuously every 4 weeks. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks using RECIST v1.1 and safety was assessed with CTCAE v4.0. The primary endpoint was 4 month-progression free survival rate (4m-PFS). PK and PD study were also conducted. Results: A total of 27 patients were enrolled. The median age was 61 (range: 43-80). Twenty two patients were male. The ECOG PS was 0 in 9 patients, 1 in 16, and 2 in 2. The number of prior palliative chemotherapy regimen was 1 in 7 patients (25.9%), 2 in 9 (33.3%), more than 3 in 11 (40.7%). Six patients received prior anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab 2, lapatinib 2, lapatinib or placebo in clinical trial 2) A total of 80 cycles were delivered (median 2 cycles per patient, range: 1-6). The 4m-PFS was 22.2 % and median progression-free survival was 2.1 months (95% CI: 2.3-3.4) There was 2 PR, 9 SD and 16 PD, resulting in 7.4 % response rate (95% CI: 0-17.5%) and 40.7 % disease control rate (95% CI: 21.9-59.6%). Median overall survival was 7.1 months (95% CI: 4.4-9.8). The most common toxicities were skin rash, diarrhea, and fatigue, but most of them were grade ½. Grade 3 skin rash was observed in 3 patients. There was no treatment-related death. Conclusions: Considering the heavily pretreated nature of enrolled patients, the dacomitinib is active and safe treatment option in HER2 (+) AGC patients. The results of PK and PD studies will be also presented at the meeting. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01152853 )
An improved configuration for simultaneous electrochemical ESR studies: a tubular electrode in a cylindrical cavity (2004)

An improved configuration for simultaneous electrochemical ESR is described in which a tubular flow cell occupies a cylindrical TE011 ESR cavity. The minimisation of dielectric loss allowed good cavity Q-values to be achieved, resulting in a high level of sensitivity and allowing good quality spectra to be attained for the N,N,N′, N′-tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine (TMPD) radical cation and the 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzoquinone (para-chloranil) and nitrobenzene radical anions. The theory describing the convective and diffusive mass transport in the tubular arrangement, along with its influence on the steady state ESR signal intensity for these stable radicals is fully developed and shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. The transient ESR response is also considered and shown to agree well with the theory presented in the literature at flow rates for which the Lévêque approximation holds.
THE REACTION OF SULPHURYL CHLORIDE WITH GLYCOSIDES AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS: PART II (1960)

The structures of methyl 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-α-D-hexoside and methyl "4-chloro-4-deoxy-β-pentoside" (I) have been investigated. The desulphation reaction leading to the formation of the latter compound is described. Replacement of the hydroxyl group at C (4) by a chlorine atom in both compounds is shown to have occurred with inversion of configuration.
ACTION SPECTRUM FOR FERRICYANIDE PHOTOREDUCTION AND REDOX POTENTIAL OF CHLOROPHYLL 683 (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
TRICEPS REFLECTING ANCONEUS PEDICLE (TRAP) APPROACH VS. OLECRANON OSTEOTOMY FOR DISTAL HUMERUS FRACTURES (2012)

Introduction Adequate exposure is a prerequisite for treatment of distal humeral fractures. In this study, we compared the clinico-radiological and functional outcome of TRAP approach with that of olecranon osteotomy for distal humerus fractures. Material & Methods 27 patients with distal humerus fractures were randomized into 2 groups: Group 1 (n=14, TRAP approach), Group 2 (n=13, Olecranon osteotomy). All patients were operated with bi-columnar fixation. All patients were mobilized from day 2. Follow-up evaluation was done at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results All patients achieved union. The mean surgical time was higher in group 1 (120 min) as compared to group 2 (100 min). The final ROM was higher in group 1 (1160) as compared to group 2 (850). Two patients in group 2 needed posterior release. 5 patients in group 2 had hardware complications related to olecranon osteotomy and needed removal. Two patients in Group 1 had transient ulnar nerve paraesthesias. There was no difference in triceps power in both groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that TRAP approach is extensile and safe enough in treating these complex fractures with better final ROM and fewer complications
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Bone-Derived IGF Mediates Crosstalk between Bone and Breast Cancer Cells in Bony Metastases (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Materials from Bone-Derived IGF Mediates Crosstalk between Bone and Breast Cancer Cells in Bony Metastases
Identification and regulation of whole-cell chloride currents in airway epithelium. (1989)

We used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to study membrane currents in human airway epithelial cells. The conductive properties, as described by the instantaneous current-voltage relationship, rectified in the outward direction when bathed in symmetrical CsCl solutions. In the presence of Cl concentration gradients, currents reversed near ECl and were not altered significantly by cations. Agents that inhibit the apical membrane Cl conductance inhibited Cl currents. These conductive properties are similar to the conductive properties of the apical membrane Cl channel studied with the single-channel patch-clamp technique. The results suggest that the outwardly rectifying Cl channel is the predominant Cl-conductive pathway in the cell membrane. The steady-state and non-steady-state kinetics indicate that current flows through ion channels that are open at hyperpolarizing voltages and close with depolarization. These Cl currents were regulated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase: when the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was included in the pipette solution, Cl channel current more than doubled. We also found that reducing extracellular osmolarity by 30% increased Cl current, suggesting that cell-swelling stimulated Cl current. Studies of transepithelial Cl transport in cell monolayers suggest that a reduction in solution osmolarity activates the apical Cl channel: reducing extracellular osmolarity stimulated a short-circuit current that was inhibited by Cl-free solution, by mucosal addition of a Cl channel antagonist, and by submucosal addition of a loop diuretic. These results suggest that apical membrane Cl channels may be regulated by cell volume and by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Interfaces and Defects in Nanocrystalline Oxides (1996)

International audience
Enabling the autonomic data center with a smart bare-metal server platform (2009)

Ever increasing data center complexity poses a significant burden on IT administrators. This burden can become unbearable without the help of self-managed systems that monitor themselves and automatically modify their state in order to carry out business processes according to high level objectives set by service level agreements (SLA) and policies. Among the key IT management tasks that must be automated and enhanced to realize the idea of an autonomic and highly dynamic data center, are discovery, configuration, and provisioning of new servers. In this direction, this paper describes pre-boot capabilities endowing the bare metal server with the ability to be discovered, queried, configured, and provisioned at time zero using industry standards like Common Information Model (CIM), CIM-XML, and Service Location Protocol (SLP). The capabilities are implemented as a payload of an Intel® Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant BIOS, the Intel® Rapid Boot Toolkit (IRBT), allowing a resource manager to discover a new server during pre-boot, possibly in a bare-metal state, and then perform an asset inventory, configure the server including CPU-specific settings, and provision it with the most appropriate image. All these tasks may be carried out based on decisions taken by the resource manager according to server capabilities, application requirements, SLAs, and high-level policies. Additionally, this system uses reliable protocols, thus minimizing error possibilities.
Timed Up-and-Go Device for Unsupervised Functional Assessment of Elderly Patients (2017)

Functional evaluation of elderly patients is one key component in a comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. The increased workload and high costs associated to close and continuous monitoring in clinical settings may be counterbalanced by the application of ICT-supported remote follow-up. Although clinical parameters and questionnaires can be supported with smartphones and smart gadgets, physical performance trials pose a challenge for community-based approaches with difficulties arising from setting up trials, the lack of guidance and supervision. We developed an ultrasonic-based device to overcome all of these barriers and enable elderly people to perform the Timed Up-and-Go test in an autonomous and unsupervised setting. Moreover, we introduce an algorithm to verify the successful performance of the test in order to increase the reliability of the information provided.
RABBIT MUSCLE AND URETHRAL IN SITU BIOCOMPATIBILITY PROPERTIES OF THE SELF-REINFORCED L-LACTIDE-GLYCOLIC ACID COPOLYMER 80: 20 SPIRAL STENT (2002)

The new self-reinforced L-lactide-glycolic acid copolymer 80:20 material is safe, highly biocompatible and suited for future clinical use. It is most appropriate for preventing postoperative urinary retention after most minimally invasive thermal treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Organic single-crystal field-effect transistors (2007)

Organic molecular crystals hold great promise for the rational development of organic semiconductor materials. Their long-range order not only reveals the performance limits of organic materials, but also provides unique insight into their intrinsic transport properties. The field-effect transistor (FET) has served as a versatile tool for electrical characterization of many facets of their performance. In the last few years, breakthroughs in single-crystal FET fabrication techniques have enabled the realization of field-effect mobilities far surpassing amorphous Si, observation of the Hall effect in an organic material, and the study of transport as an explicit function of molecular packing and chemical structure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Fused Porphyrinoids Based on Cyclic Carbazole[2]indolones (2012)

The carbazole- and indolone-based porphyrinoids 3 and 4 were synthesized by stepwise transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Palladium metalation of 4 produced 4Pd, which exhibits near-infrared absorption.
Tables of Light Scattering Functions for Spherical Particles. (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTables of Light Scattering Functions for Spherical Particles.Bruno H. ZimmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 4, 1013Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01537a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01537a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of the Molecular Weight ofn-Alkane Costabilizers on the Ostwald Ripening of Styrene Miniemulsions (2013)

Styrene miniemulsions stabilized by a series of n-alkane costabilizers (CnH2n+2, n = 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, and 32) were prepared, and the Ostwald ripening behavior of the resultant two-component disperse phase colloids on aging at 25°C characterized with the aid of a semiempirical model developed in our previous work. This versatile model was capable of predicting the Ostwald ripening rate data over a wide range of the volume fraction of n-alkanes within submicron monomer droplets. It was shown that the Ostwald ripening rate (or the water solubility of n-alkane) decreased with increasing n-alkane molecular weight. A correlation between the water solubility and the molecular weight of n-alkanes was established accordingly.
Pigments of Fungi. XXI. Synthesis of (±)-6-Demethoxyaustrocortirubin (1991)

6-Demethoxyaustrocortirubin (6) is synthesized via the epoxide (21) which is available in 73% yield over four steps from naphthazarin (10). Hydrolysis of the epoxide (21) yields the diol (25) which on hydrogenolysis affords 6-demethoxy-1-deoxyaustrocortirubin (7). Stereoselective benzylic hydroxylation of (7) gives (6). Cleavage of the epoxide (21) with sodium acetate in acetic acid affords a mixture of the esters (22)-(24), while methanolysis yields the isomeric ethers (29) and (30). Hydrogenolysis of (22), (23) and (29) gives high yields of (7). Potentially more direct routes to the alcohol (7) involving oxymercuration, epoxidation and bromohydrin formation from the alkene (8) are not viable.
Development of size- and view-invariance in LOC: an fMR-adaptation study (2013)

Previous studies have shown that by age 5-8 years, the lateral occipital complex (LOC) shows adult-like responses when contrasting images of objects versus scrambled objects. Here, we selected complex novel shapes and manipulated both size and viewpoint of these shapes in an adaptation paradigm to assess the neural profile in LOC in children (5-10 years), adolescents (11-16 years), and adults (18-27 years). Observers were shown blocks in which the same object was shown repeatedly, the same object was shown in different sizes/views, or different objects were shown.Hidden formatting deleted. Delete this text! yes"> The results showed that all 3 age groups demonstrated size-invariance, showing a reduced neural response to the same-object-same-size condition and the same-object-different-sizes conditions. However, only adults showed evidence of view-invariance. Adolescents and children showed a similar neural response to the same object different views condition and the different objects condition.Hidden formatting deleted. Delete this text! yes"> The results suggest that size-invariance develops early but the neural mechanisms underlying view-invariant object recognition is not yet mature even in adolescents. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
Subunit-Dependent High-Affinity Zinc Inhibition of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (2004)

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), a novel class of ligand-gated cation channels activated by protons, are highly expressed in peripheral sensory and central neurons. Activation of ASICs may play an important role in physiological processes such as nociception, mechanosensation, and learning-memory, and in the pathology of neurological conditions such as brain ischemia. Modulation of the activities of ASICs is expected to have a significant influence on the roles that these channels can play in both physiological and/or pathological processes. Here we show that the divalent cation Zn2+, an endogenous trace element, dose-dependently inhibits ASIC currents in cultured mouse cortical neurons at nanomolar concentrations. With ASICs expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, Zn2+ inhibits currents mediated by homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a-ASIC2a channels, without affecting currents mediated by homomeric ASIC1beta, ASIC2a, or ASIC3. Consistent with ASIC1a-specific modulation, high-affinity Zn2+ inhibition is absent in neurons from ASIC1a knock-out mice. Current-clamp recordings and Ca2+-imaging experiments demonstrated that Zn2+ inhibits acid-induced membrane depolarization and the increase of intracellular Ca2+. Mutation of lysine-133 in the extracellular domain of the ASIC1a subunit abolishes the high-affinity Zn2+ inhibition. Our studies suggest that Zn2+ may play an important role in a negative feedback system for preventing overexcitation of neurons during normal synaptic transmission and ASIC1a-mediated excitotoxicity in pathological conditions.
Dependence of ion fluxes on fluid transport by rat proximal tubule (1986)

The effects of changes in transepithelial water flux (Jv) on sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium transport by the proximal convoluted tubule were examined by applying a microperfusion technique to surface segments in kidneys of anesthetized rats. Perfusion solutions were prepared with ion concentrations similar to those in fluid normally present in the later parts of the proximal tubule. Osmolality of the perfusate was adjusted with mannitol. With no mannitol in the perfusates, net fluid absorption was observed. Addition of increasing amounts of mannitol first reduced Jv to zero and then reversed net fluid flux. At the maximal rates of fluid absorption, net absorption of Na, Cl, Ca, and K was observed. When Jv was reduced to zero, Na, Cl, and Ca absorption were reduced and K entered the lumen. Na, Cl, and Ca secretion occurred in association with the highest rates of net fluid secretion. The lumen-positive transepithelial potential progressively increased as the net fluid flux was reduced to zero and then reversed. The results demonstrate that changes in net water flux can affect Na, Cl, Ca, and K transport by the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat kidney. These changes in net ion fluxes are not entirely accounted for by changes in bulk-phase transepithelial electrochemical gradients.
Sportswear in Australia (2010)

Australia prides itself on being a sporting nation, and sport is an integral part of the nation’s identity. Some say that it verges on being a religion, helping to build healthy Australian men, women, and young aspirants, and to spread the fame of Australians overseas. The combined effects of a temp
Culture Shock! Brain-Like Tissue Grown in Vitro Has Potential (2014)

Careful biomaterial design supports generation of electrophysiologically relevant brain-like tissue in vitro.