gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Burnup and Economic Potential of Alternative Fuel Materials in Thermal Reactors (2003)

A strategy is proposed for the assessment of nuclear fuel material economic potential use in future light water reactors (LWRs). In this methodology, both the required enrichment and the fuel performance limits are considered. In order to select the best fuel candidate, the optimal burnup that produces the lowest annual fuel cost within the burnup potential for a given fuel material and smear density ratio is determined.Several nuclear materials are presented as examples of the application of the methodology proposed in this paper. The alternative fuels considered include uranium dioxide (UO2), uranium carbide (UC), uranium nitride (UN), metallic uranium (U-Zr alloy), combined thorium and uranium oxides (ThO2/UO2), and combined thorium and uranium metals (U/Th). For these examples, a typical LWR lattice geometry in a zirconium-based cladding was assumed. The uncertainties in the results presented are large due to the scarcity of experimental data regarding the behavior of the considered materials at high burnups. Also, chemical compatibility issues are to be considered separately.The same methodology can be applied in the future to evaluate the economic potential of other nuclear fuel materials including different cladding designs, dispersions of ceramics into ceramics, dispersions of ceramics into metals, and also for geometries other than the traditional circular fuel pin.
Diffusional creep and creep degradation in the dispersion-strengthened alloy TD-NiCr (1972)

Dispersoid-free regions were observed in TD-NiCr (Ni-20Cr-2ThO2) after slow strain rate testing in air from 1145 to 1590 K. Formation of the dispersoid-free regions appears to be the result of diffusional creep. The net effect of this creep is the degradation of TD-NiCr to a duplex microstructure. Degradation is further enhanced by the formation of voids and integranular oxidation in the thoria-free regions. These regions apparently provided sites for void formation and oxide growth since the strength and oxidation resistance of Ni-20Cr is much less than Ni-20Cr-2ThO2. This localized oxidation does not appear to reduce the static load bearing capacity of TD-NiCr since long stress rupture lives were observed even with heavily oxidized microstructures. But this oxidation does significantly reduce the ductility and impact resistance of the material. Dispersoid-free bands and voids were also observed for two other dispersion strengthened alloys, TD-NiCrAl and IN-853. Thus, it appears that diffusional creep is charactertistic of dispersion-strengthened alloys and can play a major role in the creep degradation of these materials.
Capacity limitations in fiber-optic communication systems as a result of polarization-dependent loss (2009)

We characterize the effect of polarization dependent loss (PDL) on the information capacity of fiber-optic channels. The reduction in the outage capacity owing to the PDL is quantified as well as the signal-to-noise ratio margin that needs to be allocated for the PDL in order to avoid loss of capacity.
The Electro-Optic Effect in Uniaxial Crystals of the Dihydrogen Phosphate (XH_2PO_4) Type IV Angular Field of the Electro-Optic Shutter* (1952)

When voltage is applied to a basal section of uniaxial crystal of the type XH2PO4, the crystal becomes biaxial. Between crossed polarizers it can be considered, then, to act as a light valve. The angular field of view is limited by the natural retardation of the crystal. This paper discusses methods by which this natural retardation can be minimized or effectively canceled so that the retardation with no voltage is essentially zero over a large angular field. In the first method a basal section of uniaxial crystal of opposite sign is placed in series with the slab to be excited. Another technique uses two slabs of similar crystal with a 90-degree optical rotator placed between them. Both these techniques are treated theoretically and experimental measurements are given to show the resulting angular polarization pattern. This pattern is shown both for the electrically excited case and the unexcited case.
Automation of Physiologic Data Presentation and Alarms in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (1989)

The routine use of pulse oximeters, non-invasive blood pressure monitors and electrocardiogram monitors have considerably improved patient care in the post anesthesia period. Using an automated data collection system, we investigated the occurrence of several adverse events frequently revealed by these monitors. We found that the incidence of hypoxia was 35%, hypertension 12%, hypotension 8%, tachycardia 25% and bradycardia 1%. Discriminant analysis was able to correctly predict classification of about 90% of patients into normal vs. hypotensive or hypotensive groups. The system software minimizes artifact, validates data for epidemiologic studies, and is able to identify variables that predict adverse events through application of appropriate statistical and artificial intelligence techniques.
Entity-level Classification of Adverse Drug Reactions: a Comparison of Neural Network Models. (2019)

This paper presents our experimental work on neural network models for entity-level adverse drug reaction (ADR) classification. Aspect-level sentiment classification, which aims to determine the sentimental class of a specific aspect conveyed in user opinions, have been actively studied for more than 10 years. In the past few years, several neural network models have been proposed to address this problem. While these models have a lot in common, there are some architecture components that distinguish them from each other. We investigate the applicability of neural network models for ADR classification. We conduct extensive experiments on various pharmacovigilance text sources including biomedical literature, clinical narratives, and social media and compare the performance of five state-of-the-art models as well as a feature-rich SVM in terms of the accuracy of ADR classification.
Corrigendum: â€œA Validated Model of the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Balancing Act in Articular Cartilage Lesion Formationâ€ (2015)

FIGURE 1 | Schematic of the articular cartilage lesion formation process due to a single blunt impact.
Dabigatran and Dabigatran Ethyl Ester: Potent Inhibitors of Ribosyldihydronicotinamide Dehydrogenase (NQO2) (2012)

Recent studies have revealed that compounds believed to be highly selective frequently address multiple target proteins. We investigated the protein interaction profile of the widely prescribed thrombin inhibitor dabigatran (1), resulting in the identification and subsequent characterization of an additional target enzyme. Our findings are based on an unbiased functional proteomics approach called capture compound mass spectrometry (CCMS) and were confirmed by independent biological assays. 1 was shown to specifically bind ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (NQO2), a detoxification oxidoreductase. Molecular dockings predicted and biological experiments confirmed that dabigatran ethyl ester (2) inhibits NQO2 even more effectively than the parent 1 itself. Our data show that 1 and 2 are inhibitors of NQO2, thereby revealing a possible new aspect in the mode of action of 1. We present a workflow employing chemical proteomics, molecular modeling, and functional assays by which a compound's protein-interaction profile can be determined and used to tune the binding affinity.
Channel Capacity of Multi-antenna Communication Systems with Closely Spaced Antenna Elements (2006)

In this paper we analyze the causes and effects of mutual coupling on MIMO channel capacity. Mutual coupling not only affects the signal through correlation but also the thermal noise-a critical factor omitted from previous work. We study a two-antenna array by applying the Nyquist's thermal noise theorem. Simulation results shows that mean MIMO channel capacity is underestimated if the noise correlation due to mutual coupling effect is not accounted for. We present results for both cases when the transmitter does and does not know the channel realizations
Preventive Effect of Boiogito on Metabolic Disorders in the TSOD Mouse, a Model of Spontaneous Obese Type II Diabetes Mellitus (2009)

"Boiogito" is a Kampo preparation which has been used since ancient times in patients with obesity of the "asthenic constitution" type, so-called "watery obesity", and its effect has been recognized clinically. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of Boiogito in the TSOD (Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes) mouse, a model of spontaneous obese type II diabetes mellitus. Boiogito showed a significant anti-obesity effect in TSOD mice by suppressing body weight gain in a dosage-dependent manner. In addition, Boiogito showed significant ameliorative effects on features of metabolic syndrome such as hyperinsulinemia, fasting hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid metabolism. Regarding lipid accumulation in TSOD mice, Boiogito showed a significant suppressive effect on accumulation of subcutaneous fat, but the effect on the visceral fat accumulation that constitutes the basis of metabolic syndrome was weak, and the suppressive effect on insulin resistance was also weak. Furthermore, Boiogito did not alleviate the abnormal glucose tolerance, the hypertension or the peripheral neuropathy characteristically developed in the TSOD mice. In contrast, in the TSNO (Tsumura Suzuki Non-Obesity) mice used as controls, Boiogito suppressed body weight gain and accumulation of subcutaneous and visceral fat. The above results suggested that Boiogito is effective as an anti-obesity drug against obesity of the "asthenic constitution" type in which subcutaneous fat accumulates, but cannot be expected to exert a preventive effect against various symptoms of metabolic syndrome that are based on visceral fat accumulation.
Dynamic Equivalent Modeling for Multi-Microgrid Based on Structure Preservation Method (2018)

As an increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs) are integrated in the multi-microgrid (MMG) to meet load demand, the accurate model of MMG becomes high-order and unsuitable for online transient analysis. To address this issue, a dynamic equivalent modeling method for the inverter-based MMG is presented. When focusing on the dynamic behaviors of DERs within a microgrid (MG), the external MGs do not need to be modeled in detail and can be replaced by dynamic equivalent models. At first, the detailed model of a 3-MG system with droop-controlled DERs and PQ-controlled DERs is built as an example to show the equivalent modeling procedure. Subsequently, the developed 3-MG system is partitioned into a study MG and two external MGs. The study MG of the MMG retains its accurate form, while the external MGs will be replaced by the dynamic equivalent models whose model orders are much lower than that of the original one. The proposed procedure is based on the structure preservation method without the time-consuming iterative calculation. Finally, the validation range of the proposed method is verified with different models using the numerical simulation and eigenvalue analysis.
Insulin Biosynthesis (1972)

Abstract [3H]Leucine incorporation into insulin was studied in isolated rat pancreatic islets to determine whether glucose stimulates insulin biosynthesis at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. A rapid and specific immunoprecipitation technique for measuring [3H]leucine incorporation into insulin and proinsulin is presented. Islets incubated in 15.3 mm glucose incorporated twice as much [3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein as in low glucose (2.8 mm) over a 90-min incubation; [3H]leucine incorporation into insulin was increased 7- to 8-fold by high glucose (15.3 mm). At 2.8 mm glucose, 6.1% of the label incorporated into islet protein appeared in insulin, and this fraction was increased to 21.8% in 15.3 mm glucose. [3H]Leucine incorporation into insulin was linear at 2.8 mm glucose over a 2-hour incubation. At 15.3 mm glucose, the rate of incorporation of labeled amino acid into insulin increased during the first 45 min and was then linear for the rest of the incubation; this indicated a lag in achieving the maximal rate of insulin synthesis in high glucose which was not present in low glucose. Next [3H]leucine incorporation into insulin at 2.8 and 15.3 mm glucose was studied in the presence of actinomycin D which blocked islet RNA synthesis by 90%. Under these conditions there was a constant 2-fold increase in insulin synthesis in 15.3 mm glucose. Islets in 15.3 mm glucose and actinomycin D incorporated label into insulin at a linear rate, and inhibition of RNA synthesis inhibited the glucose-stimulated increased rate of insulin synthesis during the 2nd hour of incubation. Further evidence that glucose stimulates insulin synthesis at the transcriptional level was obtained by previously incubating islets in 2.8 or 15.3 mm glucose for 45 min in the presence of cycloheximide sufficient to inhibit islet protein synthesis by 90%. Cycloheximide was then washed out and and the islets incubated in high (15.3 mm) glucose and [3H]leucine for 45 min. The islets previously incubated in high glucose incorporated twice as much label into insulin as did islets previously incubated in low glucose. Actinomycin D added during the preliminary incubation period obliterated this difference, which provided presumptive evidence that glucose induces mRNA for insulin. The conclusions from these experiments are (a) that glucose can increase insulin synthesis on previously existing mRNA (i.e. a post-transcriptional effect), and (b) that glucose stimulates insulin mRNA which further increases insulin synthesis (i.e. a transcriptional effect).
Geomechanics Aspects of Multiple Fracturing of Horizontal and Vertical Wells (2008)

Summary Although unstimulated horizontal wells have1 been successful in naturally fractured reservoirs and in reservoirs with gas- or water-coning problems, fracturing a horizontal well may be a viable option in certain situations. Because of the dependence of fracture orientation on well direction with respect to the stress field, the possibility of fracturing a horizontal well must be considered before the well is drilled. The appropriate contingency plans should be made to anticipate the possible low production from an unstimulated well. It should be remembered that fracturing a horizontal well may also dictate how the wellbore may be completed or oriented. Fracturing a horizontal well may take place in one of the following situations: Restricted vertical flow caused by low vertical permeability or the presence of shale streaks. Low formation productivity because of low formation permeability. The presence of natural fractures in a direction different from that of induced fractures. Thus, induced fractures have a high chance of intercepting the natural fractures. Low stress contrast between the pay zone and the surrounding layers. In this case, a large fracturing treatment of a vertical well would not be an acceptable option because the fracture would grow in height as well as length. Drilling a horizontal well and creating either several transverse or longitudinal fractures would allow rapid depletion of the reservoir through the fractures. Although fundamentally similar to fracturing vertical wells, fracturing horizontal wells has its unique aspects that require special attention to secure successful treatment. Differences between horizontal and vertical wells exist in areas of rock mechanics, reservoir engineering, and operational aspects. To start with, the basic rock-mechanics aspects are examined.
Evaluation of LD decay and various LD-decay estimators in simulated and SNP-array data of tetraploid potato (2016)

The number of SNPs required for QTL discovery is justified by the distance at which linkage disequilibrium has decayed. Simulations and real potato SNP data showed how to estimate and interpret LD decay. The magnitude of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and its decay with genetic distance determine the resolution of association mapping, and are useful for assessing the desired numbers of SNPs on arrays. To study LD and LD decay in tetraploid potato, we simulated autotetraploid genotypes and used it to explore the dependence on: (1) the number of haplotypes in the population (the amount of genetic variation) and (2) the percentage of haplotype specific SNPs (hs-SNPs). Several estimators for short-range LD were explored, such as the average r <sup>2</sup>, median r <sup>2</sup>, and other percentiles of r <sup>2</sup> (80, 90, and 95 %). For LD decay, we looked at LD<sub>½,90</sub>, the distance at which the short-range LD is halved when using the 90 % percentile of r <sup>2</sup> at short range, as estimator for LD. Simulations showed that the performance of various estimators for LD decay strongly depended on the number of haplotypes, although the real value of LD decay was not influenced very much by this number. The estimator LD<sub>½,90</sub> was chosen to evaluate LD decay in 537 tetraploid varieties. LD<sub>½,90</sub> values were 1.5 Mb for varieties released before 1945 and 0.6 Mb in varieties released after 2005. LD<sub>½,90</sub> values within three different subpopulations ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 Mb. LD<sub>½,90</sub> was 2.5 Mb for introgressed regions, indicating large haplotype blocks. In pericentromeric heterochromatin, LD decay was negligible. This study demonstrates that several related factors influencing LD decay could be disentangled, that no universal approach can be suggested, and that the estimation of LD decay has to be performed with great care and knowledge of the sampled material.
In vivo label-free three-dimensional imaging of zebrafish vasculature with optical projection tomography (2011)

We introduce flow optical projection tomography, an imaging technique capable of visualizing the vasculature of living specimens in 3-D. The method detects the movement of cells in the bloodstream and creates flow maps using a motion-analysis procedure. Then, flow maps obtained from projection taken at several angles are used to reconstruct sections of the circulatory system of the specimen. We therefore demonstrate an in vivo, 3-D optical imaging technique that, without the use of any labeling, is able to reconstruct and visualize the vascular network of transparent and weakly scattering living specimens.
EZ-PC (2018)

Selecting a technical program committee (PC) for a conference or a workshop can be an intimidating and time consuming process. PC selection needs to balance several potential considerations; e.g., industry vs. academic participation, inclusion of under-represented communities, ensuring coverage over topic areas, among others. This paper presents the design of an open-source tool called EZ-PC which formulates these considerations as a simple constraint satisfaction problem to help PC chairs systematize this selection process. We report on some of the features we have incorporated and our experience in using the tool.
SiPTA (2014)

Given a set of historic good traces, trace-based anomaly detection deals with the problem of determining whether or not a specific trace represents a normal execution scenario. Most current approaches mainly focus on application areas outside of the embedded systems domain and thus do not take advantage of the intrinsic properties of this domain.
An Anthracene-Based Photochromic System That Responds to Two Chemical Inputs (2000)

Reversible intramolecular cyclization reactions to form crown ethers are possible with photoactive anthracene derivatives containing two binding sites (see scheme). Different chemical inputs in the form of HgCl2 and Na+ ions result in changes in the efficiency and rate of the forward and reverse processes.
[Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor on endothelial components in human bone marrow and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells]. (2012)

This study was aimed to compare the proportion of endothelial cells (EC) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), and to investigate the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on proportion of EC in MSC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD34(+)CD133(+) and vWF(+)CD31(+) double positive cells in MSC. Wright's staining was employed to observe the influence of VEGF on morphology of MSC. The expressions of CD34, CD133, CD31, vWF were detected by immunofluorescence. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the influence of VEGF on EC marker genes' expression of MSC. The results showed that there were a small amount of EC and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in obtained BM-MSC and UC-MSC. After exposed to VEGF 10 ng/ml for 24 h, aspect ratio of MSC and the proportion of EC increased, while proportion of EPC decreased. Expression of EC related marker genes such as Tie-2 and ecNOS up-regulated, especially in UC-MSC. It is concluded that small amount of EC and EPC exists in cultured BM-MSC and UC-MSC, VEGF can enhance the proportion and function of EC in MSC.
Integrated TORC1 and PKA signaling control the temporal activation of glucose-induced gene expression in yeast (2019)

The growth rate of a yeast cell is controlled by the target of rapamycin kinase complex I (TORC1) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathways. To determine how TORC1 and PKA cooperate to regulate cell growth, we performed temporal analysis of gene expression in yeast switched from a non-fermentable substrate, to glucose, in the presence and absence of TORC1 and PKA inhibitors. Quantitative analysis of these data reveals that PKA drives the expression of key cell growth genes during transitions into, and out of, the rapid growth state in glucose, while TORC1 is important for the steady-state expression of the same genes. This circuit design may enable yeast to set an exact growth rate based on the abundance of internal metabolites such as amino acids, via TORC1, but also adapt rapidly to changes in external nutrients, such as glucose, via PKA.
Potential Antidiabetic Fumiquinazoline Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Scedosporium apiospermum F41-1 (2020)

Fumiquinazoline alkaloids have attracted much attention from medicinal and natural product chemists due to their interesting structures and biological potential. In this study, three new and 12 known fumiquinazoline alkaloids were isolated and characterized from the marine fungus <i>Scedosporium apiospermum</i> F41-1. The structures of the new compounds and their absolute configurations were determined using NMR spectroscopy, ECD, and OR calculations. The compounds were evaluated for their antidiabetic potential by determining their triglyceride-promoting activity using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. One of the new compounds, scequinadoline J (<b>14</b>), as well as scequinadolines D (<b>9</b>) and E (<b>10</b>), was found to promote triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Scequinadoline D (<b>9</b>) demonstrated the most potent activity, with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.27 ± 0.03 μM. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments suggested that scequinadoline D (<b>9</b>) acts through activation of the PPARγ pathway. It stimulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ, AMPKα, C/EBPα, LXRα, SCD-1, and FABP4. In addition, its triglyceride-promoting efficacy could be blocked by a double dose of the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. These results indicated that scequinadoline D (<b>9</b>) is a potent insulin sensitizer that targets adipocytes and may be useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus after further investigation.