gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Neolignans from Endlicheria dysodantha (1991)

From bioactivity-directed fractionation of the EtOH extract of Endlicheria dysodantha, dysodanthin A and dysodanthin B, which are new hexahydrobenzofuranoid neolignans, have been isolated. In addition, the known neolignans, compound 4, which is a burchellin analogue, and megaphone acetate [1] were isolated. All four neolignans showed activities in the brine shrimp lethality test; compounds 1-3 also inhibited the growth of crown gall tumors on potato discs and were cytotoxic to human tumor cells in culture. This is the first report of these neolignans isolated from the genus Endlicheria and of their completely assigned 1H-and 13C-nmr data.
Oxicams, a class of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and beyond (2014)

Oxicams are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) structurally related to the enolic acid class of 4-hydroxy-1,2-benzothiazine carboxamides. They are used clinically to treat both acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting the activity of the two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. Oxicams are structurally distinct from all other NSAIDs, exhibiting a novel binding pose in the COX active site. The 4-hydroxyl group on the thiazine ring partners with Ser-530 via hydrogen bonding while two coordinated water molecules mediate a polar interaction between the oxicam and COX. The rotation of Leu-531 in the complex opens a new pocket, which is not used for binding other NSAIDs to the enzyme. This structure provides the basis for understanding documented structure-activity relationships within the oxicam class. In addition, from the oxicam template, a series of potent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitors represents a new direction for drug development. Here, we review the major route of oxicam synthesis and structure-activity for COX inhibition, as well as recent advances in oxicam-mediated mPGES-1 inhibition.
Deepframe: A Profile-Driven Compiler for Spatial Hardware Accelerators (2019)

Tracing code paths to form extended basic blocks is useful in many areas, compiler optimizations [1], improving instruction cache behavior [2] and custom-hardware offloading [3]. Prior work has been plagued by small traces, limited either by the overheads of dynamic profiling, statically available information [4], or side-exit branches [5]. In this work, we rethink what code path sequences to fuse and construct long traces for offloading to spatial accelerators, while minimizing the occurrence of side exits which limit dynamic coverage. We introduce a novel technique that recasts learning a program's execution patterns as a natural-language-processing problem, CBOW (Continuous Bag of Words). We then use a deep learning network to learn the relationships among paths. During the compilation phase, the compiler uses a sequence miner to decide what paths are likely to occur. The learning network predicts a Deepframe online, which is an extended basic block comprising a multi-path sequence (each path itself is composed of multiple basic blocks). We demonstrate the efficacy of Deepframe on spatial hardware accelerators and find the following: i) Deepframe can construct up to 5x (max: 27x) longer offload regions compared to prior approaches. ii) Surprisingly far-flung ILP (instruction-level parallelism) and MLP (memory-level parallelism) can be mined from the frames statically (5.5x increase in ILP and 10.5x increase in MLP). iii) The frames offloaded to the spatial accelerator have minimal side exits (mis-speculation) and achieve sufficient dynamic coverage to improve overall application performance (up to 9x improvement). We will be releasing open-source our end-to-end compiler prototype based on LLVM.
Miniature Fourier transform instrument for radiation thermometry (1998)

A miniature Fourier transform (FT) spectrometer has been tested as a device for remotely measuring the temperature of a high stability/emissivity blackbody. The commercially manufactured device is based on the novel design of a polarizing Wollaston prism spatial domain interferometer, with a Si diode array detector, and without any moving parts. The measurement of temperature using Planck’s law showed a consistent nonlinear effect. This results in an error of the order of 1% for measurement of temperatures 500 K and above. Planned calibration measurements should reduce the nonlinearity related error and improve the FT temperature measurement.
Accelerator and Ion Beam Tradeoffs for Studies of Warm Dense Matter (2006)

One approach for heating a target to "Warm Dense Matter" conditions (similar, for example, to the interiors of giant planets or certain stages in inertial confinement fusion targets), is to use intense ion beams as the heating source (see refs.[6] and [7] and references therein for motivation and accelerator concepts). By consideration of ion beam phase-space constraints, both at the injector, and at the final focus, and consideration of simple equations of state and relations for ion stopping, approximate conditions at the target foil may be calculated. Thus, target temperature and pressure may be calculated as a function of ion mass, ion energy, pulse duration, velocity tilt, and other accelerator parameters. We connect some of these basic parameters to help search the extensive parameter space (including ion mass, ion energy, total charge in beam pulse, beam emittance, target thickness and density.
Crystallization of Cocoa Butter in Cocoa Powder (2019)

Abstract Cocoa powder quality is determined by its color, flavor, dispersion, and flow properties, which can be controlled via tempering. Design of a cocoa powder tempering profile, however, requires that the mechanism of cocoa butter crystallization in cocoa powder be fully understood. Low‐fat (8–12%) and high‐fat (20–24%) cocoas were sourced from two commercial manufacturers at varying degrees of alkalization and compared with two commercial cocoa butters. Unrefined paired cocoa powders and cocoa butters sampled from the hydraulic press were also evaluated. Isothermal crystallization kinetics and polymorphism of cocoa powders and cocoa butters were compared at 18, 21, and 24 °C using a direct time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance method, differential scanning calorimetry, and x‐ray diffraction. Crystallization was also studied under dynamic tumbling conditions. It was found that cocoa butter in cocoa powder was nucleated by the cocoa powder matrix and transitioned to higher‐stability polymorphs more rapidly than bulk cocoa butters. High‐fat cocoas also exhibited enhanced crystallization kinetics relative to low‐fat cocoas, showing that differences in the cocoa microstructure may influence crystallization behavior. Notably, alkalization did not significantly affect the crystallization behavior of most cocoa powders. Finally, it was found that tumbling conditions led to crystallization of βV and that caking, especially of high‐fat cocoas, could be reduced by a static low‐temperature hold step prior to tumbling. Overall, these results demonstrated that crystallization of cocoa butter in cocoa powder is influenced both by the intrinsic attributes of the cocoa powder as well as the conditions of the tempering process.
Comparison of parallel and conical twin screw extruders from the processing point of view (2005)

AbstractThe performance and capabilities of parallel and conical twin screw extruders are compared and contrasted. In particular, the processing behaviour of both systems is explored in the light of the extrusion requirements for specific PVC end-use applications including pipe, profiles, pelletising and sheet. System configuration, residence time and shear are reviewed, and overall performance is assessed using the Master Graph approach of Schuler. It is concluded that, although parallel extruders will continue to dominate the high performance market segment for the foreseeable future, conical extruders have great potential for development because of their processing flexibility. Provided increased screw speed does not have severe effects on wear rates, significant gains in output rate are possible which could lead to conical extruders becoming fully competitive with parallel systems.Keywords: EXTRUSIONPVCWINDOW PROFILESCONICAL EXTRUDERSPARALLEL EXTRUDERSPROCESS OPTIMISATION
Regional control of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in Neurospora (2013)

Trimethylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) is present in Drosophila, Arabidopsis, worms, and mammals, but is absent from yeasts that have been examined. We identified and analyzed H3K27me3 in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and in other Neurospora species. H3K27me3 covers 6.8% of the N. crassa genome, encompassing 223 domains, including 774 genes, all of which are transcriptionally silent. N. crassa H3K27me3-marked genes are less conserved than unmarked genes and only ∼35% of genes marked by H3K27me3 in N. crassa are also H3K27me3-marked in Neurospora discreta and Neurospora tetrasperma. We found that three components of the Neurospora Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)--[Su-(var)3-9; E(z); Trithorax] (SET)-7, embryonic ectoderm development (EED), and SU(Z)12 (suppressor of zeste12)--are required for H3K27me3, whereas the fourth component, Neurospora protein 55 (an N. crassa homolog of p55/RbAp48), is critical for H3K27me3 only at subtelomeric domains. Loss of H3K27me3, caused by deletion of the gene encoding the catalytic PRC2 subunit, set-7, resulted in up-regulation of 130 genes, including genes in both H3K27me3-marked and unmarked regions.
Frequent segmental alternations in P-base 3 (2018)

P-base (Mielke 2008) is a large typological database of several thousand phonological rules and distributions in 537 languages. In this chapter we demonstrate how it can be applied to a wide range of questions in phonological typology, making use of several new features of version 3. This includes possible follow-up studies to many of the other chapters in the volume. As a starting point, we show that the crosslinguistic frequency of segments in segment inventories are largely similar to UPSID (Maddieson 1984; Maddieson & Precoda 1990), a similarly-sized genetically balanced database of segment inventories. Second, we show that a considerable number of the phonological patterns in P-base fall into a small number of categories defined in terms of the classes of segments involved, the features changing, and the position of the trigger relative to the target. For instance, regressive preconsonantal nasal place assimilation accounts for 4.54% of the sound patterns, and because place changes are quite rare, this constitutes more than half of all cases of place assimilation. Other types of sound patterns are shown to be distributed in ways that are consistent with phonetic accounts of phonological typology, e.g., consonant epenthesis is dominated by glottals and glides, particularly in contexts that have been argued to be the locus of epenthesis as a sound change.
Basic Research on Combustion Chambers for Lean Burn Gas Engines (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Research and development of a low NOx lean burn combustion for open chamber gas engines have been carried out. The target NOx level has been set below 200 ppm with superior thermal efficiency to the engines with three-way-catalyst. A number of open combustion chambers were tested. Swirl combustion chambers NEBULA and TG (the latter was newly developed by the authors) and a squish chamber REENTRANT have satisfied the target while maintaining sufficient stability of combustion. It has been demonstrated that open chamber gas engines are potentially capable of achieving low NOx emission while maintaining high thermal efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;
A sensorless stator flux oriented vector controlled induction motor drive with neuro-fuzzy based performance enhancement (2002)

A high-performance stator flux oriented speed sensorless direct vector-controlled induction motor drive is described in the paper. The drive can start from stand-still, operate at any speed in all the quadrants including the field-weakening region, and then stop at zero speed. The drive incorporated the following novel features: (1) software-programmable cascaded low-pass filter units permit machine terminal voltage integration to synthesize the precision stator flux vector at any frequency; (2) zero-speed stand-still start-up of the drive using machine current model equations without speed sensor, and then transitioning to direct vector control (and vice versa); (3) light load steady state efficiency improvement by on-line search of flux that is based on neuro-fuzzy control; and (4) stator resistance estimation during operating condition by quasi-fuzzy technique for compensation. The drive with the proposed control and estimation techniques has been extensively analyzed, investigated by simulation study, and then finally implemented by distributed DSP system on an experimental laboratory drive. The drive is primarily intended for an electric vehicle type drive, but can be extended for an industrial drive.
Two‐dimensional map of Haemophilus influenzae following protein enrichment by heparin chromatography (1997)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates several hundred protein molecules in one single experiment and is efficiently used to study the products expressed by different genomes. Low-copy-number gene products are invisible on a stained two-dimensional map and must be enriched such that sufficient amounts are present for visualization and identification. We investigated the enrichment of proteins of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae by chromatography on immobilized heparin which has affinity for growth and protein biosynthesis factors. Total soluble proteins of the microorganism were fractionated on Heparin-Actigel which resulted in enrichment of approximately 160 proteins. The eluates, representing about 40% of the applied proteins, were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the protein spots were characterized by amino acid composition analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The proteins enriched by chromatography on the heparin gel were not exclusively low-copy-number gene products and they did not exclusively belong to one single class of proteins. The proteins that bound to the heparin gel are indicated in a two-dimensional protein map which includes more than 110 newly identified proteins.
The critical role of glucose deprivation in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma under hypoxia (2020)

Imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used to determine sites of abnormal glucose metabolism to predict high tumor grade, metastasis, and poor patient survival. However, not all tumors with increased 18F-FDG uptake show aggressive tumor biology, as evident from the moderate correlation between metastasis and high FDG uptake. We hypothesized that metastasis is likely attributable to the complexity and heterogeneity of the cancer microenvironment. To identify the cancer microenvironment that induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, tumor areas of patients with HCC were analyzed by immunostaining. Our data demonstrated the induction of EMT process in HCC cells with low proliferation under hypoxic conditions. To validate our finding, among HCC cell lines, HepG2 cells with highly increased expression of HIF1α under hypoxia were employed in vitro and in vivo. Major changes in EMT-associated protein expression, such as the up-regulation of N-cadherin and snail/slug are associated with decreased proliferation-related protein (PCNA) caused by glucose deprivation under hypoxia. Indeed, PCNA knockdown-HepG2 cells under hypoxia showed the induction of more EMT process compare to the control. Thus, HCC cells with low proliferative potential under glucose-deprived and hypoxic conditions show high probability for induced EMT process and promote cell invasion. This study investigates reasons as to why an EMT process cannot fully be predicted. Our observations indicate that rather than analyzing a single factor, an integrated analysis of hypoxia with low glucose metabolism and low cell proliferation might be helpful to predict the potential impact on induction of EMT process and promotion of cell invasion.
An improved decorrelator-based multiuser receiver (2002)

In this paper an algorithm based on the decorrelator multiuser detector is proposed. The main achievement is the introduction of an architecture, which is moderately more complex than, but offers a superior performance to, the decorrelator receiver. The conventional receiver is optimized to combat the Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), while the purpose of the decorrelator receiver is the complete elimination of the multiple access interference (MAI). The proposed algorithm uses the conventional detector output in conjunction with the decorrelator output in arriving at its decisions, therefore a substantial improvement could be expected. For a synchronous CDMA system, our simulation results show a significant improvement over the decorrelator receiver. Using our scheme, the degradation factor of a synchronous CDMA system is reduced by more than 6 dB compared to the decorrelator receiver. The proposed algorithm is only slightly more complex than the decorrelator receiver.
Interprocedural dataflow analysis in an executable optimizer (1997)

Interprocedural dataflow information enables link-time and post-link-time optimizers to perform analyses and code transformations that are not possible in a traditional compiler. This paper describes the interprocedural dataflow analysis techniques used by Spike, a post-linktime optimizer for Alpha/NT executables. Spike uses dataflow analysis to summarize the register definitions, uses, and kills that occur external to each routine, allowing Spike to perform a variety of optimizations that require interprocedural dataflow information. Because Spike is designed to optimize large PC applications, the time required to perform interprocedural dataflow analysis could potentially be unacceptably long, limiting Spike's effectiveness and applicability. To decrease dataflow analysis time, Spike uses a compact representation of a program's intraprocedural and interprocedural control flow that efficiently summarizes the register definitions and uses that occur in the program. Experimental results are presented for the SPEC95 integer benchmarks and eight large PC applications. The results show that the compact representation allows Spike to compute interprocedural dataflow information in less than 2 seconds for each of the SPEC95 integer benchmarks. Even for the largest PC application containing over 1.7 million instructions in 340 thousand basic blocks, interprocedural dataflow analysis requires just 12 seconds.
Harnessing the Power of Microscopic Simulation to Evaluate Freeway Service Patrols (2009)

Public agencies have been increasing their use of freeway service patrols (FSPs) to help with incident detection, verification, response, and motorist support. Using the microscopic simulation software PARAMICS, this study evaluated the benefits of FSPs in reducing the duration of roadway blockage, following a crash and the resulting vehicle delay. A customized PARAMICS model was developed for random spatial and temporal crash generation, and the modeling of different number of FSPs and response policies through an application programming interface. Analysis of the simulation results revealed that both response policy and the number of FSPs affected the crash response times and consequently the duration of blockage and vehicle delays. The effects of different response policies diminished as the number of FSPs increased. Benefit-cost analysis indicated that FSP programs can obtain a maximum benefit-cost ratio of 22:1, which decreases as the number of FSPs increases, number of crashes per year decreases, and the discount rate increases.
Polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups. I. Wholly aromatic polymers (1996)

Five novel polyamides incorporating phosphine oxide groups have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of bis(4-carboxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide with a series of aromatic diamines. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures in the 225–254°C range were recorded, together with good thermooxidative stability (5% weight loss occurring at >420°C) and high char yield upon prolonged heating at 650–800°C (24–50%). Also, good solubility in aprotic polar solvents was observed for all polyamides synthesized. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How to make content-centric networks interwork with CDN networks (2013)

The Internet architecture, based on end-to-end connections, had difficulties to efficiently deliver the always increasing number of contents. Content Delivery Networks (CDN) have been deployed to improve the delivery. Recent research works propose a new networking architecture, much more adapted to the current Internet usage (end-users just care about the contents they want and not about the endpoints that provide them). The Content-Centric Networking (CCN) aims at replacing the IP paradigm. CCN has been investigated by the research community for few years, and some demonstrators have proved its feasibility. However, less works have addressed the CDN use-case so far. In this paper, we show that the current CCN design, which does not allow negative reply, is not suitable for interconnection with the CDN service. We then propose the use of two new tables in the CCN nodes that are interconnected to the CDN servers, in order to detect possible misses in the CDN servers and subsequently forward the requests for missing contents toward the original servers instead of the CDN surrogates. The evaluations we have performed highlight that the integration of both new tables does not incur an increase of the memory requirement and thus a cost in the node. The proposed solution is thus a viable solution to make CCN network work in close cooperation with CDN networks, each one keeping its specific business models and functions: transport for CCN, storage for CDN.
Differentialkalorimetrische untersuchungen an chloriertem polyethylen und chloriertem polyvinylchlorid (1995)

Abstract Durch Chlorieren in Lösung hergestelltes Polyethylen (PE‐C) zeigt im amorphen Bereich (Chlorgehalt ≥ 30 Gew.‐%) eine kontinuierliche Erhöhung der Glastemperatur T g mit steigendem Chlorgehalt. Diese T g ‐Chlorgehalt‐Funktion wurde verglichen mit der T g ‐Chlorgehalt‐Funktion des PVC‐C. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Δc p ‐Werte, gemessen bei T g , in Abhängigkeit vom Chlorgehalt ein Maximum aufweisen, und zwar bei 50 Gew.‐% Chlor für PE‐C und bei 60 Gew.‐% Chlor für PVC‐C.
A Simplified Method for Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Plate Structure by the Finite Element Method (The 1 st Report) (1979)

The present paper proposes a methed for the elastic-plastic analysis of plate bending problems using the finite element method. In the present method plastic deformations are idealized according to the concept of plastic hinge lines, while the conventional finite element procedure is employed before yielding occurs. Morley's plate bending element is used herein because of its simplicity. Plastic analysis is based on the assumption that plastic bending deformations are concentrated in plastic hinges along the element boundaries. In order to decrease dependancy of calculated results on mesh idealization, simple automatic mesh re-subdivision is implemented in the procedure.This method overcomes the following two difficulties in the ordinary finite element method; time consuming numerical integration of stiffness matrix along plate thickness and overestimation of stiffness due to shape functions with too strong compatibility conditions for localized plastic deformations.Basic numerical examples are studied to verify the validity of the present method.