gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Inhibition and Epileptiform Activity in the Septal Dentate Gyrus of Freely Behaving Rats During the First Week After Kainate Treatment (1999)

Mossy fiber reorganization has been hypothesized to restore inhibition months after kainate-induced status epilepticus. The time course of recovery of inhibition after kainate treatment, however, is not well established. We tested the hypothesis that if inhibition is decreased after kainate treatment, it is restored within the first week when little or no mossy fiber reorganization has occurred. Chronic in vivo recordings of the septal dentate gyrus were performed in rats before and 1, 4, and 7-8 d after kainate (multiple injections of 5 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 17) or saline (n = 11) treatment. Single and paired-pulse stimuli were used to assess synaptic inhibition. The first day after kainate treatment, only a fraction of rats showed multiple population spikes (35%), prolonged field postsynaptic potentials (76%), and loss of paired-pulse inhibition (29%) to perforant path stimulation. Thus, inhibition was reduced in only some of the kainate-treated rats. By 7-8 d after treatment, nearly all kainate-treated rats showed partial or full recovery in these response characteristics. Histological analysis indicated that kainate-treated rats had a significant decrease in the number of hilar neurons compared to controls, but Timm staining showed little to no mossy fiber reorganization. These results suggest that a decrease in synaptic inhibition in the septal dentate gyrus is not a prerequisite for epileptogenesis and that most of the recovery of inhibition occurs before robust Timm staining in the inner molecular layer.
Triple-barrel Organization of ENaC, a Cloned Epithelial Na+ Channel (1996)

A cloned rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) was studied in planar lipid bilayers. Two forms of the channel were examined: channels produced by the alpha subunit alone and those formed by alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The protein was derived from two sources: either from in vitro translation reaction followed by Sephadex column purification or from heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and isolation of plasma membranes. We found that either alpha-rENaC alone or alpha- in combination with beta- and gamma-rENaC, produced highly Na(+)-selective (PNa/PK = 10), amiloride-sensitive (Kamili = 170 nM), and mechanosensitive cation channels in planar bilayers. alpha-rENaC displayed a complicated gating mechanism: there was a nearly constitutively open 13-picosiemens (pS) state and a second 40-pS level that was achieved from the 13-pS level by a 26-pS transition. alpha-, beta-, gamma-rENaC showed primarily the 13-pS level. alpha-rENaC and alpha,beta,gamma-rENaC channels studied by patch clamp displayed the same gating pattern, albeit with > 2-fold lowered conductance levels, i.e. 6 and 18 pS, respectively. Upon treatment of either channel with the sulfhydryl reducing agent dithiothreitol, both channels fluctuated among three independent 13-pS sublevels. Bathing each channel with a high salt solution (1.5 M NaCl) produced stochastic openings of 19 and 38 pS in magnitude between all three conductance levels. Different combinations of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-rENaC in the reconstitution mixture did not produce channels of intermediate conductance levels. These findings suggest that functional ENaC is composed of three identical conducting elements and that their gating is concerted.
Modeling of Magnetic Properties of GO Electrical Steel Based on Epstein Combination and Loss Data Weighted Processing (2013)

The extended modeling of the magnetic properties of grain oriented electrical steel is presented in this paper which is based on a set of standard and scaled-down Epstein frames and a proposed two-level weighted processing of Epstein data, including the mean magnetic path length, specific magnetization loss and exciting power. The effects of excitation frequency, strip angle, and ambient temperature on the results obtained from the Epstein frames are investigated. It is shown that using the proposed Epstein combination and the two-level weighted processing method is an efficient way of building a model for determining magnetic losses more realistically, hence, improving the value of Epstein strip measurement data.
Phosphorylated EGFR and PI3K/Akt signaling kinases are expressed in circulating tumor cells of breast cancer patients (2008)

Our findings demonstrate that circulating tumor cells express receptors and activated signaling kinases of the EGFR/HER2/PI3K/Akt pathway, which could be used as targets for their effective elimination.
Results of the WNUT2017 Shared Task on Novel and Emerging Entity Recognition (2017)

This shared task focuses on identifying unusual, previously-unseen entities in the context of emerging discussions. Named entities form the basis of many modern approaches to other tasks (like event clustering and summarization), but recall on them is a real problem in noisy text -even among annotators. This drop tends to be due to novel entities and surface forms. Take for example the tweet "so.. kktny in 30 mins?!" -even human experts find the entity kktny hard to detect and resolve. The goal of this task is to provide a definition of emerging and of rare entities, and based on that, also datasets for detecting these entities. The task as described in this paper evaluated the ability of participating entries to detect and classify novel and emerging named entities in noisy text.
X-linked Christianson syndrome: heterozygous female Slc9a6 knockout mice develop mosaic neuropathological changes and related behavioral abnormalities (2015)

Christianson syndrome (CS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental and neurological disorder characterized in males by core symptoms that include non-verbal status, intellectual disability, epilepsy, truncal ataxia, postnatal microcephaly and hyperkinesis. CS is caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene, which encodes a multipass transmembrane sodium (potassium)-hydrogen exchanger 6 (NHE6) protein, functional in early recycling endosomes. The extent and variability of the CS phenotype in female heterozygotes, who presumably express the wild-type and mutant SLC9A6 alleles mosaically as a result of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), have not yet been systematically characterized. Slc9a6 knockout mice (Slc9a6 KO) were generated by insertion of the bacterial lacZ/β-galactosidase (β-Gal) reporter into exon 6 of the X-linked gene. Mutant Slc9a6 KO male mice have been shown to develop late endosomal/lysosomal dysfunction associated with glycolipid accumulation in selected neuronal populations and patterned degeneration of Purkinje cells (PCs). In heterozygous female Slc9a6 KO mice, β-Gal serves as a transcriptional/XCI reporter and thus facilitates testing of effects of mosaic expression of the mutant allele on penetrance of the abnormal phenotype. Using β-Gal, we demonstrated mosaic expression of the mutant Slc9a6 allele and mosaically distributed lysosomal glycolipid accumulation and PC pathology in the brains of heterozygous Slc9a6 KO female mice. At the behavioral level, we showed that heterozygous female mice suffer from visuospatial memory and motor coordination deficits similar to but less severe than those observed in X-chromosome hemizygous mutant males. Our studies in heterozygous Slc9a6 KO female mice provide important clues for understanding the likely phenotypic range of Christianson syndrome among females heterozygous for SLC9A6 mutations and might improve diagnostic practice and genetic counseling by helping to characterize this presumably underappreciated patient/carrier group.
A robust flow cytometry-based biomass monitoring tool enables rapid at-line characterization of S. cerevisiae physiology during continuous bioprocessing of spent sulfite liquor (2020)

Assessment of viable biomass is challenging in bioprocesses involving complex media with distinct biomass and media particle populations. Biomass monitoring in these circumstances usually requires elaborate offline methods or sophisticated inline sensors. Reliable monitoring tools in an at-line capacity represent a promising alternative but are still scarce to date. In this study, a flow cytometry-based method for biomass monitoring in spent sulfite liquor medium as feedstock for second generation bioethanol production with yeast was developed. The method is capable of (i) yeast cell quantification against medium background, (ii) determination of yeast viability, and (iii) assessment of yeast physiology though morphological analysis of the budding division process. Thus, enhanced insight into physiology and morphology is provided which is not accessible through common online and offline biomass monitoring methods. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, firstly, a continuous ethanol fermentation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with filtered and unfiltered spent sulfite liquor media was analyzed. Subsequently, at-line process monitoring of viability in a retentostat cultivation was conducted. The obtained information was used for a simple control based on addition of essential nutrients in relation to viability. Thereby, inter-dependencies between nutrient supply, physiology, and specific ethanol productivity that are essential for process design could be illuminated. Graphical abstract.
Bitwidth Reduction via Symbolic Interval Analysis for Software Model Checking (2008)

This paper presents a lightweight interval analysis technique for determining the lower and upper bounds for program variables and its application in improving software model checking techniques. The experiments demonstrate that it is an effective approach to alleviate the state explosion problem in software model checking.
Large format geiger-mode avalanche photodiode LADAR camera (2013)

Recently Spectrolab has successfully demonstrated a compact 32x32 Laser Detection and Range (LADAR) camera with single photo-level sensitivity with small size, weight, and power (SWAP) budget for threedimensional (3D) topographic imaging at 1064 nm on various platforms. With 20-kHz frame rate and 500- ps timing uncertainty, this LADAR system provides coverage down to inch-level fidelity and allows for effective wide-area terrain mapping. At a 10 mph forward speed and 1000 feet above ground level (AGL), it covers 0.5 square-mile per hour with a resolution of 25 in2/pixel after data averaging. In order to increase the forward speed to fit for more platforms and survey a large area more effectively, Spectrolab is developing 32x128 Geiger-mode LADAR camera with 43 frame rate. With the increase in both frame rate and array size, the data collection rate is improved by 10 times. With a programmable bin size from 0.3 ps to 0.5 ns and 14-bit timing dynamic range, LADAR developers will have more freedom in system integration for various applications. Most of the special features of Spectrolab 32x32 LADAR camera, such as non-uniform bias correction, variable range gate width, windowing for smaller arrays, and short pixel protection, are implemented in this camera.
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Self-Isolation on Students and Staff in Higher Education: A Qualitative Study (2021)

This qualitative study explored the impact of COVID-19 self-isolation and social restriction measures on university students, through the perspectives of both students and the staff supporting them. The study comprised 11 focus groups (students) and 26 individual interviews (staff) at a higher education institution in England during a period of national lockdown (January-March 2021). Participants were university students (<i>n</i> = 52) with self-isolation experiences and university staff (<i>n</i> = 26) with student-facing support roles. Focus group and interview data were combined and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Four themes emerged: 'Adaptation during the pandemic', 'Practical, environmental, and emotional challenges of self-isolating', 'Social factors and their impact on COVID-19 testing and self-isolation adherence', and 'Supporting self-isolation'. Students and staff struggled with the imposed restrictions and shift to online education. Students found it difficult to adapt to new expectations for university life and reported missing out on professional and social experiences. Students and staff noted concerns about the impact of online teaching on educational outcomes. Students endorsed varied emotional responses to self-isolation; some felt unaffected whilst others experienced lowered mood and loneliness. Students were motivated by pro-social attitudes; campaigns targeting these factors may encourage continued engagement in protective behaviours. Staff struggled to manage their increased workloads delivering support for self-isolating students. Universities must consider the support needs of students during self-isolation and prepare for the long-term impacts of the pandemic on student wellbeing and educational attainment. Greater support should be provided for staff during transitional periods, with ongoing monitoring of workforce stress levels warranted.
ECMS as a realization of Pontryagin's minimum principle for HEV control (2009)

An analytical derivation of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) for energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is presented, based on Pontryagin's minimum principle. The derivation is obtained using a generic formulation of the energy management problem in HEVs and is valid for any powertrain architecture. Simulation results obtained for a series HEV are also provided.
Development of Low Permeability Reservoir Utilizing Multi-stage Fracture Completion in the Minimum Stress Direction (2012)

Abstract Saudi Aramco is developing several gas fields in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia by drilling horizontal wells in the Khuff and pre-Khuff tight carbonate and sandstone formations. To date, many wells have been drilled in the maximum horizontal stress direction with virtually no wellbore instability occurring during the drilling operation. When these wells are hydraulically fractured, the fracture grows along the wellbore in the direction of well azimuth. To avoid overlapping of two adjacent induced fractures and thereby communication between stages, only 2–3 multi-stage fracture treatments can be performed. Depending upon the length of wellbore-reservoir contact, reservoir development, and stress barriers, more than four fracture treatments can become redundant or even cause premature screen-out in proppant fracture treatments. Wells drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress are potentially more favorable from the perspective of reservoir development and optimal production. In such a situation, hydraulic fractures grow transverse to the wellbore axis allowing multiple fractures to be placed without the possibility of fracture overlapping. Consequently, few wells that have been drilled in the minimum horizontal stress direction encountered several drilling-related problems, such as stuck pipe, breakouts, and breakdowns. A comprehensive study was conducted to overcome the wellbore stability issues and investigate feasibility of drilling wells in the minimum horizontal stress direction. Correct mud weight (MW) prediction is one key factor during the drilling stage to keep the wellbore stable and deliver good borehole geometry to run multi-stage fracturing assembly without complication. Multiple transverse hydraulic fractures easily created in such wellbore geometry maximize reservoir contact area and increase productivity of the low quality tight reservoir. The key objectives of the study were to define a safe MW program for the horizontal section of the planned wells by conducting a wellbore stability study, and to determine a real-time strategy to mitigate and/or manage wellbore instability problems as they arise. The scope of work included root cause analysis of drilling events, development of Mechanical Earth Models (MEM) for offset wells, integrating sections of the mechanical earth model from the offset well to the planned well trajectory and a safe MW program for planned well.
BMP Signaling Is Necessary for Patterning the Sensory and Nonsensory Regions of the Developing Mammalian Cochlea (2010)

The mammalian inner ear detects sound with the organ of Corti, an intricately patterned region of the cochlea in which one row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells are surrounded by specialized supporting cells. The organ of Corti derives from a prosensory domain that runs the length of the cochlear duct and is bounded by two nonsensory domains, Kölliker's organ on the neural side and the outer sulcus on the abneural side. Although much progress has been made in identifying the signals regulating organ of Corti induction and differentiation, less is known about the mechanisms that establish sensory and nonsensory territories in the cochlear duct. Here, we show that a gradient of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is established in the abneural-neural axis of the cochlea. Analysis of compound mutants of Alk3/6 type I BMP receptors shows that BMP signaling is necessary for specification of the prosensory domain destined to form the organ of Corti. Reduction of BMP signaling in Alk3/6 compound mutants eliminates both the future outer sulcus and the prosensory domain, with all cells expressing markers of Kölliker's organ. BMP4 upregulates markers of the future outer sulcus and downregulates marker genes of Kölliker's organ in cochlear organ cultures in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest BMP signaling is required for patterning sensory and nonsensory tissue in the mammalian cochlea.
A New Microporous Polymorph of Silica Isomorphous to Zeolite MCM-22 (1996)

ITQ-1, a microporous pure-silica polymorph isomorphous to zeolite MCM-22, forms upon calcination of a layered precursor obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Calcined ITQ-1 contains a remarkably small concentration of connectivity defects (≅7 Si(OSi)3OH mol %) in contrast to uncalcined ITQ-1 (≅30%). 29Si NMR spectra, which are in good agreement with the structure proposed for MCM-22, demonstrate the defects are not randomly distributed in the layered precursor but arise mostly from unconnected T1−O−T1 and T2−O−T3 bonds.
Synthesis of high temperature materials by self-propagating combustion methods (1988)

Revue bibliographique sur la preparation par cette methode de carbures, nitrures, borures, composes intermetalliques, etc
Purcell factor reduced scattering losses in optical microcavities (2006)

Scattering induced by silicon nano-particles in a microcavity is investigated for the case of silicon nanocrystal doped microtoroids. A significant enhancement of preferential-scattering into the originally doubly-degenerate cavity eigenmodes is found, exceeding >99.42%.
Epidemiology and Trends of Infective Meningitis in Neonates and Infants Less than 3 Months Old in Hong Kong (2021)

GBS and E. coli were the most common bacteria for meningitis in this age group. The annual rate of bacterial meningitis in Hong Kong has declined in recent years, which has been attributed to the decline in early-onset GBS meningitis due to universal GBS screening and IAP. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains that cause meningitis require further clinical and public health attention.
Structural Similarity and Its Surprises:  Endothelin Receptor Antagonists - Process Research and Development Report (2000)

Process research and pilot plant processes are described for three endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists. The efficient synthesis of the parent compound Darusentan proceeds via a Darzens reaction from chloroacetate with benzophenone, addition of methanol to the resulting epoxide, saponification of the alkyl propionate and optical resolution of the racemic acid by crystallisation with a chiral amine. The final stage of the synthetic sequence involves the introduction of a pyrimidine moiety. Intermediates formed during this process can be used as starting materials for the synthesis of the two other ET receptor antagonists BSF 420627 and BSF 302146. An ether exchange reaction, which replaces the methoxy with a phenethyloxy substituent, enabled BSF 420627 to be prepared. The synthetic route to BSF 302146 employs trimethylaluminum to methylate the epoxide produced by the Darzens reaction.
Decreasing Aromaticity in π-Conjugated Materials: Efficient Synthesis and Electronic Structure Identification of Cyclopentadiene-Containing Systems (2013)

An efficient route to cyclopentadiene-containing π-conjugated molecules is reported. A comparative analysis between the aryl/dienyl hybrids and their aromatic congeners shows a propensity of the diene moiety to reduce the optical band gap of a π-conjugated system without compromising a planar structural topology. Moreover, a novel poly(fluorene) derivative bearing alternating cyclopentadiene repeat units was synthesized to demonstrate the applicability of this method in polymer synthesis.
Cavity-enhanced emission from a dye-coated microsphere (2003)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. S. Kwok, P. G. Schiro, and C. L. DuBois, "Cavity-enhanced emission from a dye-coatedmicrosphere," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper TuM5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Educating Well-Rounded Students through Science of Craftsmanship (2021)

Japanese sword is one of Japan’s world-class traditional craft technologies, and is also called “art of iron”. Currently, the history, technique, and art of Japanese sword are being handed down through daily studies/ disciplines (trainings) by swordsmiths, sword polishers and so on. With these backgrounds, Kanazawa Institute of Technology signed a partnership agreement with the Sakaki town (Nagano prefecture), which is known as “Iron town” in 2015, and has been developing various projects. One of these projects is a collaborative project with the “Iron exhibition hall” in the Sakaki town, and the authors and our students participate in this collaborative project and try to design novel Japanese swords with the science of “craftsmanship” as the keyword. It is thought that these activities will contribute to the engineering education of students based on “developing new ideas based on study of the past”. In this paper, we discuss the contents and results of educating well-rounded students through the science of craftsmanship by this collaborative project in which the authors have performed with our laboratory students for six years. As a result, it was clarified that it was possible to provide students with valuable experiences, including many failures and successes through this project. Therefore, these activities are one essential of as a new effective method of engineering education
Generation of harmonics associated with amplitude-dependent damping (1974)

Internal friction and harmonic generation have been studied at 22.5 kHz and very high strain amplitudes ε in samples of annealed and deformed α-brass. The observations of Q−1 and An, the amplitude of the nth harmonic, suggest several regions of behavior as a function of ε. In the first, Q−1 is independent of ε, and only A2 can be observed, proportional to ε2. At higher ε, A3 and A5 were also observed, but A4 was not detected. At small deformation the next region, hysteresis, has Q−1 rising to a maximum and then decreasing slightly; concurrently, An goes as εnm, where m2 = 2, and 2&amp;lt; (m3, m5) &amp;lt;3, all passing through maxima at somewhat different values of ε. The next region, plastic, has 3 ⩽ mn n = 2, 3, 5. At large deformations, the hysteresis region decreases with increasing deformation, with the plastic region moving to smaller ranges of ε, thereby obscuring the maxima. In both the hysteretic and plastic regions, the harmonic generation—acoustic emission—is proportional to the internal friction Q−1. [Supported by the Army Research Office, Durham, North Carolina.]