gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Distributed Velocity Collision Avoidance (2014)

Abstract : (U) This report presents the two-dimensional (2D) version of the Automated Velocity Obstacle Collision Avoidance (AVOCA) system. AVOCA is a platform independent, distributed collision avoidance system for multi-agent environments. AVOCA requires minimal communication between agents, with plans to extend into sensor based agent recognition in future work. AVOCA uses well-founded velocity obstacle approaches that have been enhanced for the AVOCA system. Additionally, AVOCA uses the novel kinematic velocity obstacle (KVO) to account for agent kinematics in its calculations, also presented in this report. Results are presented for both simulations and physical experimentation, which demonstrate both the system's ability to guide agents without collision in the vast majority of cases and the effectiveness of KVOs in general.
Research on Cushion of Boom Cylinder in Hydraulic Excavator (2011)

In some circumstances, huge mass, if not cushioned, may pull the piston to a halt at rod side or head side at ease with a tremendous velocity causing huge impact. As a result of this issue, the boom cylinder of hydraulic excavator provides cushioning apparatus at the rod side stroke end. This paper discusses and analyses the cushioning apparatus structure of boom cylinder, and then proposes a numerical simulation model with SimulationX. It is known to us that many dynamic parameters of boom cylinder vary as mechanical structure or motion of excavator attachment changes. Thus in order to study the relationship between kinetic parameters and cushioning capability of boom cylinder, an excavator attachment model is built next. The last part of this paper is devoted to the obtained simulation results.
Design on the low-leakage diode string for using in the power-rail ESD clamp circuits in a 0.35-/spl mu/m silicide CMOS process (2000)

A new design of the diode string with very low leakage current is proposed for use in the ESD clamp circuits across the power rails. By adding an NMOS-controlled lateral SCR (NCLSCR) device into the stacked diode string, the leakage current of this new diode string with six stacked diodes at 5 V (3.3 V) forward bias can be reduced to only 2.1 (1.07) nA at a temperature of 125/spl deg/C in a 0.35 /spl mu/m silicide CMOS process, whereas the previous designs have a leakage current in the order of mA. The total blocking voltage of this new design with NCLSCR can be linearly adjusted by changing the number of the stacked diodes in the diode string without causing latch-up danger across the power rails. From the experimental results, the human-body-model ESD level of the ESD clamp circuit with the proposed low-leakage diode string is greater than 8 kV in a 0.35 /spl mu/m silicide CMOS process by using neither ESD implantation nor the silicide-blocking process modifications.
Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2020)

Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines (CBMs) are increasingly used to manage pain, with limited understanding of their efficacy and safety. We summarised efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of these types of drugs for treating pain using randomised controlled trials: in people of any age, with any type of pain, and for any treatment duration. Primary outcomes were 30% and 50% reduction in pain intensity, and AEs. We assessed risk of bias of included studies, and the overall quality of evidence using GRADE. Studies of <7 and >7 days treatment duration were analysed separately. We included 36 studies (7217 participants) delivering cannabinoids (8 studies), cannabis (6 studies), and CBM (22 studies); all had high and/or uncertain risk of bias. Evidence of benefit was found for cannabis <7 days (risk difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.20-0.46; 2 trials, 231 patients, very low-quality evidence) and nabiximols >7 days (risk difference 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.12; 6 trials, 1484 patients, very low-quality evidence). No other beneficial effects were found for other types of cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in our primary analyses; 81% of subgroup analyses were negative. Cannabis, nabiximols, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol had more AEs than control. Studies in this field have unclear or high risk of bias, and outcomes had GRADE rating of low- or very low-quality evidence. We have little confidence in the estimates of effect. The evidence neither supports nor refutes claims of efficacy and safety for cannabinoids, cannabis, or CBM in the management of pain.
Linear Functionals of the Foliage Angle Distribution as Tools to Study the Structure of Plant Canopies (1984)

In 1967, Miller showed how average foliage density could be computed from contact frequency data. It formalized mathematically the idea posed earlier by Warren Wilson of estimating the leaf area index as a linear combination of measured values of the contact frequency. Recently, it has been shown that Miller's result is a special case of a general transformation that allows linear functionals defined on the (generally unknown) foliage angle distribution (foliage angle functionals) to be evaluated as linear functionals defined on the (measured) contact frequency (contact frequency functionals). This result has important consequences for the use of foliage angle functionals in the study of the structure of plant canopies. For example, it allows Warren Wilson's idea to be extended to the evaluation of such functionals, and thereby simplifies greatly their actual evaluation. In this paper, we first motivate and review the use of foliage angle functionals in the study of plant canopies; then we introduce new functionals (the segmented foliage density and the moments); and finally, we use numerical experimentation with synthetic data to illustrate the advantages of having formulas for the foliage angle functionals of interest that are defined explicitly in terms of the (measured) contact frequency.
Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts (2018)

Induced neurons (iNs), the product of somatic cells directly converted to neurons, are a way to obtain patient-derived neurons from tissue that is easily accessible. Through this route, mature neurons can be obtained in a matter of a few weeks. Here, we describe a straightforward and rapid one-step protocol to obtain iNs from dermal fibroblasts obtained through biopsy samples from adult human donors. We explain each step of the process, including the maintenance of the dermal fibroblasts, the freezing procedure to build a stock of the cell line, seeding of the cells for reprogramming, as well as the culture conditions during the conversion process. In addition, we describe the preparation of glass coverslips for electrophysiological recordings, long-term coating conditions, and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). We also illustrate examples of the results to be expected. The protocol described here is easy to perform and can be applied to human fibroblasts derived from human skin biopsies from patients with various different diagnoses and ages. This protocol generates a sufficient amount of iNs which can be used for a wide array of biomedical applications, including disease modeling, drug screening, and target validation.
Antilymphoblast Globulin in Man: Survival of Unrelated Kidney Allografts. (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Antilymphoblast Globulin in Man: Survival of Unrelated Kidney Allografts.Richard L. Simmons, M.D., Allen W. Moberg, M.D., Carl M. Kjellstrand, M.D., John S. Najarian, M.D.Richard L. Simmons, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Allen W. Moberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Carl M. Kjellstrand, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John S. Najarian, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-833_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur previous studies have shown that an antiglobulin to cultured human lymphoblasts can prolong skin allograft survival in man across strong histocompatibility barriers. When lymphoblasts are utilized as the antigen, the product does not require absorption by either red blood cells or platelets, it does not bind to glomerular basement membranes, and it can be administered intravenously in large doses for prolonged periods. Thirty-five consecutive recipients of cadaver renal allografts received 0 to 30 mg/kg body weight of antilymphoblast globulin. In addition, standard doses of azathioprine and prednisone were administered to all patients, regardless of the antiglobulin dose. Of five... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 833-833KeywordsAntigensBasement membraneBody weightGlobulinsHistocompatibilityKidneysPlateletsRed blood cells Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Secure contactless mobile financial services with near field communication (2011)

This thesis presents the results from work with three prototypes that use Near Field Communication technology to provide secure contactless mobile financial services on mobile phones.Because of the challenges that hinder financial institutions from providing mobile financial services to the unbanked, the latter are forced to seek other forms of services that are often unsafe, inconvenient and expensive.The capacity of Near Field Communication to leverage the security features of the contactless smart card and the ubiquitous nature of the mobile phone can be used to provide such mobile financial services.The study used qualitative and quantitative research, and software engineering synthesis as the research methods.A focus group study identified some of the challenges faced, while a demographic survey helped to understand the target group: the unbanked.A preliminary payment survey using a personal computer emulator of mobile payment helped to determine if and how Near Field Communication was needed.Based on the results of our security attack study, we secured the short messaging service-based mobile banking application and then improved the security using Near Field Communication.The mobile banking application could not be tested in a real financial environment with actual users, so two new Near Field Communication-based prototypes were developed from the existing application to provide mobile payment and mobile-to-mobile money transfers.Security, usability and transaction cost were identified as the biggest challenges facing mobile financial services providers and the unbanked.The results showed that Near Field Communication can be used to resolve these challenges.vi 1.First and foremost thanks to the Almighty GOD for all that He has done for me.To Him alone is this glory forever and ever.2. Dr. William D. Tucker, for the honour not only to work under his professional supervision and within his laboratory, but also
Running Performance for Power-Steering Bogie with Independently Rotating Wheel Using Scaled Model Experimental Setup (2005)

This paper proposes the new steering bogie for very tight curved track. The bogie consists of independently rotating wheel controlled by power steering yaw-dampers. Independently rotating wheel with EEF bogie naturally has self steering ability making use of gravity restoring force aroused by nonlinear tread gradient, but has vibration nature in yaw mode of wheel. The proposed power steering yaw-damper enable the wheel vibration to decrease while controlling the steering motion on transition curve. The authors combined the self steering ability of the bogie and power steering yaw-damper to get the compatibility between excellent steering behavior and enough high speed running stability. Experimental results with scaled model vehicle show the effectiveness of active control and bogie mechanism.
Operating principles and detection characteristics of the Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the Chang'e-3 (2014)

The Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS), using two acousto-optic tunable filters as dispersive components, consists of a VIS/NIR imaging spectrometer (0.45–0.95 μm), a shortwave IR spectrometer (0.9–2.4 μm) and a calibration unit with dust-proofing functionality. The VNIS was utilized to detect the spectrum of the lunar surface and achieve in-orbit calibration, which satisfied the requirements for scientific detection. Mounted at the front of the Yutu rover, lunar objects that are detected with the VNIS with a 45° visual angle to obtain spectra and geometrical data in order to analyze the mineral composition of the lunar surface. After landing successfully on the Moon, the VNIS performed several explorations and calibrations, and obtained several spectral images and spectral reflectance curves of the lunar soil in the region of Mare Imbrium. This paper describes the working principle and detection characteristics of the VNIS and provides a reference for data processing and scientific applications.
Genetics of behaviour: phenotypic and molecular study of rats derived from high- and low-alcohol consuming lines. (2003)

The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic basis of excessive ethanol consumption and its relationship with emotional reactivity. The high-ethanol preferring line of rats used is characterized by a: (i) high voluntary consumption of alcohol; (ii) high sensitivity to taste reinforcement (saccharine, quinine); (iii) high locomotor activity in a novel environment; and (iv) low emotional reactivity, these features being opposite in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat strain. The F2 population demonstrated a very large variability in these behavioural traits, and factor analysis revealed that these characteristics appear to be largely unrelated to each other. The molecular bases for these differences were investigated by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. For this purpose, the 196 F2 rats were genotyped with regularly distributed markers on the whole genome, and genetic linkage maps were generated for all subsequent QTL analyses. A locus with a maximum LOD score of 7.6 and accounting for approximately 61% of the genetic variance of the trait in the F2 population was detected on chromosome 4 for alcohol drinking. In the same region, we found a QTL related to the reinforcement properties of saccharin, with a significant LOD score of 4.9 and explaining 46% of the variance of the trait. Other significant QTL were found for plus maze behaviour and open field activity on chromosome 1. Current research aims to identify the gene(s) involved.
Nickel Hydroxo Complexes as Intermediates in Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling (2014)

The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of intermediates formed in the Ni-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) of an aryl chloride are described. Oxidative addition of 1-chloro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene (1) to a mixture of Ni(cod)2 and PCy3 afforded NiCl(4-CF3Ph)(PCy3)2 (2), which then cleanly provided dimeric [Ni(4-CF3Ph)(μ–OH)(PCy3)]2 (3) by reaction with aqueous KOH. Reactivity studies of 2 and 3 with phenylboronic acid (4) revealed that, while 2 affords only traces of the biphenyl coupling product after 24 h, the same reaction with 3 is complete within minutes at room temperature. In contrast, the reaction of 3 with potassium phenyltrihydroxyborate (6) is much slower than that with boronic acid 4, and significantly lower yields of the cross-coupling product are obtained. We show that formation of the hydroxo species 3 is the rate-determining step in the present SMC.
Intrinsic Instability of Cs2In(I)M(III)X6 (M = Bi, Sb; X = Halogen) Double Perovskites: A Combined Density Functional Theory and Experimental Study (2017)

Recently, there has been substantial interest in developing double-B-cation halide perovskites, which hold the potential to overcome the toxicity and instability issues inherent within emerging lead halide-based solar absorber materials. Among all double perovskites investigated, In(I)-based Cs<sub>2</sub>InBiCl<sub>6</sub> and Cs<sub>2</sub>InSbCl<sub>6</sub> have been proposed as promising thin-film photovoltaic absorber candidates, with computational examination predicting suitable materials properties, including direct bandgap and small effective masses for both electrons and holes. In this study, we report the intrinsic instability of Cs<sub>2</sub>In(I)M(III)X<sub>6</sub> (M = Bi, Sb; X = halogen) double perovskites by a combination of density functional theory and experimental study. Our results suggest that the In(I)-based double perovskites are unstable against oxidation into In(III)-based compounds. Further, the results show the need to consider reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry when predicting stability of new prospective electronic materials, especially when less common oxidation states are involved.
Improvement of McCullagh-Barreto key agreement with KCI-security (2009)

McCullagh-Barreto 关键协议协议和它的变体完成完美的前面的安全和关键产生中心(KGC ) 提交安全，但是不提供抵抗给妥协扮演攻击(KCI 攻击) 调音。在这份报纸，我们给关键妥协扮演(KCI ) 的一个正式处理攻击并且对它定义安全观点。然后， McCullagh-Barreto 协议的变体与另一仅仅回锅肉丁操作被介绍。改进协议保存完美的前面的安全和 KGC 前面的安全，并且而且被证明对在 k-Gap-BCAA1 假设下面的 KCI 攻击安全。
Enantiopure Peptide-Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

We present herein the first example of metal-organic frameworks postfunctionalized with peptides. Our microwave-assisted postsynthetic modification method yields enantiopure peptides anchored inside MOF cavities. Al-MIL-101-NH2, In-MIL-68-NH2, and Zr-UiO-66-NH2 were chosen as starting platforms. A single amino acid and various oligopeptides are grafted with yields up to 60% after a 30 min microwave-assisted coupling-deprotection sequence. This allows efficient preparation of a library of functional hybrid solids for molecular recognition applications such as sensing, separation, or asymmetric catalysis, as demonstrated here for the chiral aldol reaction.
Absolute quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the measurement of human papillomavirus E7 mRNA in cervical cytobrush specimens (2007)

The use of highly reproducible and accurate SYBR-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays instead of performing Taqman-type assays allows low-cost, high-throughput analysis of viral mRNA expression. The development of such assays will help in refining the current screening programs for HPV-related carcinomas.
Thermal Degradation and Conversion of Plant Biomass into High Value Carbon Products (2014)

Plant biomass materials are thermally degradable due to their polymeric nature. Treatment of plant biomass at high temperatures removes all carbohydrates with the resulting carbon-rich material highly durable and is not subject to biological degradation due to the lack of nutrient sources for microorganism and insects. Considerable interest has developed in recent years in the use of plant biomass as an inexpensive and renewable feedstock to produce advanced carbon materials for engineering and energy applications. Plant biomass derived carbon has shown great potential for production of carbon-polymer composites, carbon-carbon composites, carbide ceramics, and carbon fiber. Both non-graphitic and graphitic nanostructures have been produced from plant biomass, and they are promising alternatives to petroleum-based carbon nanomaterials. New studies have improved our understanding on the evolution of the carbon structure in carbonized plant materials. Recent studies demonstrated the possibility to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and mesoporous carbon with regularly arranged channels directly from plant biomass materials.
ChemInform Abstract: RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE S4N‐ AND S3‐ IONS IN BLUE SOLUTIONS OF SULFUR IN LIQUID AMMONIA (1982)

Abstract Die Kontroverse bezüglich der Identität der in Schwefel‐Ammoniak‐Lösungen auftretenden farbigen Spezies wird Raman‐spektroskopisch im Sinne der Radikalionen S4N′ und S; beigelegt.
Unified Invocation of Scripts and Services for Provisioning, Deployment, and Management of Cloud Applications Based on TOSCA (2014)

There are several script-centric approaches, APIs, and tools available to implement automated provisioning, deployment, and management of applications in the Cloud. The automation of all these aspects is key for reducing costs. However, most of these approaches are script-centric and provide proprietary solutions employing different invocation mechanisms, interfaces, and state models. Moreover, most Cloud providers offer proprietary Web services or APIs to be used for provisioning and management purposes. Consequently, it is hard to create deployment and management plans integrating several of these approaches. The goal of our work is to come up with an approach for unified invocation of scripts and services without handling each proprietary interface separately. A prototype realizes the presented approach in a standards-based manner using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA).
Conditional differential chain coding for losslessrepresentation of object contour (1998)

A new conditional differential chain coding (CDCC) scheme is presented for lossless representation of an object contour. It uses the conditional probability of directional symbols depending on the context of preceding contour directions. Experimental results show that the CDCC reduces coding bits by 5 – 10% when compared with the conventional differential chain coding (DCC) which does not use conditional probability.
Integration of Self-Organizing Feature Maps and Genetic-Algorithm-Based Clustering Method for Market Segmentation (2004)

Clustering analysis has been widely applied in the area of market segmentation. Conventional research usually uses the multivariate analysis method. Recently, due to promising results of computational intelligence techniques in engineering, they are also considered for market segmentation. Among them, genetic algorithms (GAs) are theoretically and empirically found to provide globally near-optimal solutions for various complex optimization problems. Because GA is good at searching, it can cluster the data according to their similarities. In addition, artificial neural networks also have high performance in both engineering and management. Hence, this research proposes a novel 2-stage method, which first uses self-organizing feature maps (SOMs) to determine the number of clusters and then employs a GA-based clustering method to find the final solution (it is defined as S + G in this research). The results of simulated data via a Monte Carlo study show that the proposed method outperforms the other 2 methods: K means, which uses SOM to determine the number of clusters, and SOM followed by K means, based on both within-cluster variations (SSW) and the number of misclassifications. To further verify the proposed approach, a real-world problem, wireless telecommunications industry market segmentation, is employed. The results also show that the proposed method has the lowest SSW among the 3 methods.