gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a MEC-based Vulnerable Road User Warning System (2019)

5G standardization is rapidly progressing and future vehicles will be connected, exchanging along the roads and on the Internet useful information for the safety of the road users. To target this goal, the Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) standard starts to attract a lot of automobile industry and academic attention. The 5G Automotive Association categorizes a comprehensive list of connected vehicle applications, e.g. Advanced Driving Assistance (ADA) and Vulnerable Road User (VRU), that can have an implementation in the V2X environment. The expansion from Cloud to Edge Computing brings more processing power closer to the vehicles to guarantee the required latency and the need to have reduced network churn with continuous access to the Cloud. Edge Computing is addressing this paradigm shift by aiming to offer different services environment and cloud-computing capabilities within the roads infrastructure and the access network infrastructure in close proximity to vehicles and Road Side Units. This paper first overviews the V2X communication, in particular focusing on the ADA and VRU 5GAA use cases. Then it proposes a VRU warning system, which aims to provide an exchange information between the road users (e.g. pedestrian, cyclist, vehicles) about the presence of nearby entities in case of dangerous situation using commercial devices (i.e. smartphone) and standard compliant message. Finally, an experimental performance evaluation and comparison of the latency experienced by the client device considering firstly a Multi-Acces Edge Computing (MEC) based CAM Server and, then, a cloud-based CAM server are performed.
Langerhans cell tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A through F isolates derived from different transmission groups (1997)

To test the hypothesis that some subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), especially subtype E, are more likely to infect mature Langerhans cells (mLC), we titrated a panel of 26 primary HIV-1 isolates of subtypes A through F on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and mLC. The majority of HIV-1 isolates from heterosexually infected patients did not show a preferred tropism for mLC compared to homosexually transmitted HIV-1 isolates. Only 6 of 26 isolates, 2 from patients infected by homosexual contact and 4 from patients infected by heterosexual contact, showed a higher infectivity for mLC than for PBMC. Both syncytium-inducing and non-syncytium-inducing isolates were able to infect mLC which express mRNA for the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4.
Load balancing distributed inverted files (2007)

This paper present a comparison of scheduling algorithms applied to the context of load balancing the query traffic on distributed inverted files. We implemented a number of algorithms taken from the literature. We propose a novel method to formulate the cost of query processing so that these algorithms can be used to schedule queries onto processors. We avoid measuring load balance at the search engine side because this can lead to imprecise evaluation. Our method is based on the simulation of a bulk-synchronous parallel computer at the broker machine side. This simulation determines an optimal way of processing the queries and provides a stable baseline upon which both the broker and search engine can tune their operation in accordance with the observed query traffic. We conclude that the simplest load balancing heuristics are good enough to achieve efficient performance. Our method can be used in practice by broker machines to schedule queries efficiently onto the cluster processors of search engines.
Attribute propagation by message passing (1985)

The goal of our work is to use the paradigms of syntax-directed editing to perform very sophisticated semantic checking, for example, to check flow-sensitive properties such as whether a variable is necessarily defined before it is used. Semantic checking of this power is much more important than syntax checking because it relieves the programmer of the need to keep track of numerous details as the program grows in complexity. There has been a great deal of recent work on syntax-directed editing. This work primarily serves the needs of novice programmers: making the task of entering and editing programs easier and less error prone. Most syntax-directed editors guarantee that the program fragment under construction is syntactically correct at all times. Many of them also detect simple semantic errors such as undeclared variables or type errors. Few, however, attempt to perform more semantic analysis than a typical (non-optimizing) compiler.
"Dumbbell" tumors in posterior mediastinum and intravertebral area; a report of 5 cases with special reference to the surgical approach. (1992)

後縦隔腫瘍のうち腫瘍が椎間孔を通り脊柱管内に進展するDumbbell型後縦隔腫瘍5手術例を報告し, 手術経路について考察した.5手術例中2例は胸腔内経路のみで椎体部分切除を加え腫瘍摘出を行なった.2例は背側正中切開にて椎弓切除を施行し硬膜と腫瘍を剥離後, 1例は後側方開胸にて, もう1例は広背筋を温存した側方開胸にて胸腔側より腫瘍を摘出した.他の1例はGrilloらの方法に準じ, 後方正中切開にて椎弓を切除, 皮切下端を前方に孤状に延長し肋骨角後方で肋骨を切除し開胸する経路を用いた.胸腔内経路のみの2例が術後髄 (液漏を起こしたのに対して, 胸腔経路と後方経路の併用経路を用いた症例には特に合併症を認めな (かった.Dumbbell型後縦隔腫瘍に対する手術経路は, 合併症発生の予防のために後方経路と胸腔内径路の併用方法が安全確実であるが, 良性腫瘍の場合はその中でも後方正中切開と側方切開の併用が侵襲も少なく, 術後の上肢機能温存の上でも有用な手術術式と考えられた.
Future Prospects for Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol‐Induced Disorders (2010)

The lack of reliable measures of alcohol intake is a major obstacle to the diagnosis, treatment, and research of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Successful development of a biomarker that allows for accurate assessment of alcohol intake and drinking patterns would not only be a major advance in clinical care but also a valuable research tool. A number of advances have been made in testing the validity of proposed biomarkers as well as in identifying potential new biomarkers through systems biology approaches. This commentary will examine the definition of a biomarker of heavy drinking, the types of potential biomarkers, the steps in biomarker development, the current state of biomarker development, and critical obstacles for the field. The challenges in developing biomarkers for alcohol treatment and research are similar to those found in other fields. However, the alcohol research field must reach a competitive level of rigor and organization. We recommend that NIAAA consider taking a leadership role in organizing investigators in the field and providing a common set of clinical specimens for biomarker validation studies.
Dopamine Receptor Microdomains Involved in Molecular Recognition and the Regulation of Drug Affinity and Function (2004)

A cationic protonatable amine moiety on dopaminergic ligands forms a high affinity reinforced ionic bond with an anionic aspartic acid at position 3.32 of dopamine receptors. When present, catechol hydroxyls of the ligands form hydrogen bonds with serines at position 5.42, 5.43, and 5.46, and this network of hydrogen bonds serves to orient ligands in the binding-site crevice and increase their binding affinity. A steric clash between aromatic moieties of the ligands and aromatic amino acids of the receptor (e.g., H6.55, F6.52 or F6.51 and W6.48) is likely to be propagated in domino-like fashion along the length of TM6, which is believed to trigger activation of the receptor. Specifically, it is the change in the conformation of W6.48 from an orientation perpendicular to the plane of the lipid membrane to one that is parallel that is believed to result in activation. Molecular determinants that mediate the D4/D2-selectivity of many extremely D4-selective 1,4-DAP ligands, include a nonconserved cluster of bulky amino acids at the TM2/TM3 interface (positions 2.61, 3.28 and 3.29).
A survey on the usage of DSRC and VLC in communication-based vehicle safety applications (2014)

This paper addresses the issues related with the employment of wireless communication in vehicle safety applications. It focuses on the usage of the 5.9 GHz dedicated short range communications (DSRC) under the 802.11p standard. By analyzing the theoretical and experimental literature, the paper highlights the vulnerabilities associated with the DSRC usage. Besides the radio frequency DSRC, the usage of visible light communication is discussed as well. It was found out that the two are complementary technologies, each of them being suitable in the scenario in which the other one is vulnerable. Under these circumstances, the junction of the two has the potential to ensure a reliable link even in challenging conditions.
Aortic and hepatic contrast medium enhancement at CT. Part II. Effect of reduced cardiac output in a porcine model. (1998)

As cardiac output decreases, the times to the arrival of the contrast medium bolus in the aorta and to peak aortic and hepatic enhancement increase. Reduction in cardiac output results in a substantial increase in peak aortic enhancement but not in peak hepatic enhancement.
A lapping-based test method to investigate wear behaviour of bonded-abrasive tools (2022)

Grinding-wheel wear is a critical factor affecting grinding performance and tool cost. Unfortunately, wear tests – particularly with superabrasives – can be notoriously time-consuming. Therefore, a novel lapping-based method is proposed for investigating wear behaviour of the grit-bond system. Wear tests were performed in (i) lapping, (ii) surface grinding, and (iii) cylindrical grinding for a range of grit-shape aspect ratios and grit-toughness values for the same grit-bond systems. Results showed that all three methods yielded similar trends. This indicates that the lapping tests could be a viable substitute for lengthy grinding tests, resulting in shorter testing times and smaller specimen sizes.
Rhodium catalyzed homogeneous hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide using perfluoroalkyl-substituted triarylphosphine ligands (1999)

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a reaction solvent offers many potential advantages over conventional organic solvents, including increased reaction rates, higher selectivities, and facile separation of reactants, catalysts, and products. In addition, carbon dioxide is non-toxic, non-flammable, inexpensive, readily available in large quantities, and has a low critical temperature and a moderate critical pressure. With such properties, scCO 2 has the potential to replace harmful or regulated organic solvents in a number of applications, including homogeneous catalysis. ^ In recently published studies, conventional homogeneous catalysts were shown to be active in scCO2, but their solubilities are too low for industrial application. Therefore, we have synthesized and characterized several analogs of the well known hydroformylation catalyst HRh(CO)(PPh 3)3 (1), by replacing the triphenylphosphine ligands with fluoroalkyl- or fluoroether-substituted triarylphosphines. The new fluorinated complexes have greatly enhanced solubilities, up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional homogeneous catalysts in scCO2. ^ One of the novel catalysts, HRh(CO)[P(4-CF3C6H 4)3]3 (2), was investigated extensively for its behavior in scCO2 and was shown to be active for the hydroformylation of several different unsaturated compounds. Its kinetic behavior in 1-octene hydroformylation was also investigated. A kinetic rate expression was developed which differed significantly from the expression obtained for 1 in organic solvents. ^ In an effort to quantify the effects of the modified phosphine ligands on the kinetic behavior of HRh(CO)L3 (L = modified phosphine) in scCO2, several fluorinated tertiary arylphosphines were synthesized and investigated in the homogeneous catalytic hydroformylation of 1-octene. The activities of the rhodium complexes were found to depend strongly on the basicities of the phosphines, as measured by the carbonyl stretching frequency of HRh(CO)L3. Contrary to the observed behavior of conventional systems, the steric bulk of the phosphine (Tolman cone angle) did not affect either the activities or selectivities of the rhodium catalysts investigated. ^ This study demonstrates the ease with which transition-metal catalysts can be modified for scCO2 applications. However, before industrial application of a scCO2-based hydroformylation system can be realized, more fundamental research is needed. Further study may provide an explanation for the altered kinetic behavior of the scCO2 system, and well-designed ligand modification should lead to facile catalyst/product separation by utilizing the unique properties of scCO2. ^
Immobilized Enzyme Electron Spin Resonance:  A Method for Detecting Enzymatically Generated Transient Radicals (2003)

The study of enzymatically generated, transient radicals provides valuable information about radical reactivity as well as enzyme function. ESR methods to detect transient radicals are generally based on continuous flow and have the potential to consume large quantities of enzyme, substrate, and buffer. Experimental approaches have been pursued to minimize sample volumes, although none have made the continuous-flow ESR approach generally applicable for enzymes and substrates available in limited quantities. We have developed an alternative approach to the traditional continuous-flow ESR method that provides the same high-resolution ESR spectra, but does not consume large quantities of enzyme, substrate, or buffer. The method utilizes enzyme immobilized onto an inert substrate packed directly into an ESR flat cell. Flowing substrate solution over the immobilized enzyme generates in situ, transient radicals, which can then be observed on the submillisecond time scale. We have termed this method "immobilized enzyme ESR," abbreviated IE-ESR. In this paper, we have described the details of the IE-ESR technique and have presented data collected using the IE-ESR technique for transient radicals from limited quantity enzymes, limited quantity substrates, and D2O buffers. An extension of this technique to ESR spin trapping has also been discussed.
Efficacy of telemedicine in the initial management of orthopedic trauma. (2003)

In order to determine the clinical usefulness of teleradiology in the initial treatment of musculoskeletal injury, a panel of orthopedic trauma surgeons developed a survey that was presented to participants at the annual meeting of the Orthopedic Trauma Association. Selected orthopedic trauma cases from a level-1 trauma and a tertiary care center were presented orally (including a description and interpretation of the radiographic findings) to volunteer participants. Questions related to treatment and patient management were then asked prior to and following the participants' viewing of digital radiographic images. Overall, 90% of respondents found telemedicine useful. They disagreed with the verbal radiographic report 49% of the time. Respondents changed their mind with regard to the need for admission 17% of the time; surgical indications, 22% of the time; and need for more information, 30% of the time.
Thermodynamic stability, structure and properties of Fe-based C+N austenite and martensite (2003)

Atomic distribution in C+N austenites and martensites is studied using Mossbauer spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that interaction of interstitial atoms is characterised by a strong repulsion within the first two coordination spheres, so that they do not occupy neighbouring interstitial sites in the fcc as well as in the bcc lattice. Such behaviour is not typical either for nitrogen or for carbon atoms. A high stability of C+N solid solutions in relation to martensitic transformation and precipitation during tempering is found and attributed to these peculiarities of atomic distribution.
A Design of Blockchain-Based Architecture for the Security of Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems (2018)

This paper presents a blockchain-based architecture for electronic health record (EHR) systems. The architecture is built on top of existing databases maintained by health providers, implements a blockchain solution to improve interoperability of the current EHR systems, prevent tampering and malicious misuse of EHRs by means of tracking all events that happened to the data in the databases. This proposed architecture also introduces a new incentive mechanism for the creation of new blocks in the blockchain. The architecture is independent of any specific blockchain platforms and open to further extensions, hence potentially fits in with other electronic record systems that require protection against tampering and misuse.
Electronic structure and properties of (TiZrNbCu)_1-xNi_x high entropy amorphous alloys (2016)

A comprehensive study of selected properties of four (TiZrNbCu)_1-xNi_x (x \le 0.25) amorphous high entropy alloys (a-HEA) has been performed. The samples were ribbons about 20 \mum thick and their fully amorphous state was verified by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The surface morphology, precise composition and the distribution of components were studied with a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attachment. The properties selected were the melting temperature (T_m), the low temperature specific heat (LTSH), the magnetic susceptibility χ_exp and the Young^,s modulus (E). Whereas LTSH and χ_exp were measured for the as-cast samples, E was measured both for as-cast samples and relaxed samples (after a short anneal close to the glass transition temperature). The LTSH showed that the electronic density of states at the Fermi level, N_0(E_F), decreases with increasing x, whereas the Debye temperature (θ_D) increases with x. This is similar to what is observed in binary and ternary amorphous alloys of early transition metals (TE) with late transition metals (TL) and indicates that N_0(E_F) is dominated by the d-electrons of the TE. The LTSH also showed the absence of superconductivity down to 1.8K and indicated the emergence of the Boson peak above 4K in all alloys.The free-electron like paramagnetic contribution to χ_exp also decreases with x, whereas E, like θ_D, increases with x, indicating enhanced interatomic bonding on addition of Ni. The applicability of the rule of mixtures to these and other similar HEAs is briefly discussed.
Oxidative Degradation of Organic Contaminants by FeS in the Presence of O2 (2020)

Reductive transformation of organic contaminants by FeS in anoxic environments has been documented previously, whereas the transformation in oxic environments remains poorly understood. Here we show that phenol can be efficiently oxidized in oxic FeS suspension at circumneutral pH value. We found that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the predominant reactive oxidant and that a higher O<sub>2</sub> content accelerated phenol degradation. Phenol oxidation depended on •OH production and utilization efficiency, i.e., phenol degraded per •OH produced. Low FeS contents (≤1 g/L) produced less •OH but higher utilization efficiency, while high contents produced more •OH but lower utilization efficiency. Consequently, the most favorable conditions for phenol oxidation occurred during the long-term interaction between dissolved O<sub>2</sub> and low levels of FeS (i.e., ≤1 g/L). Mössbauer spectroscopy suggests that FeS oxidation to lepidocrocite initially produced an intermediate Fe(II) phase that could be explained by the apparent preferential oxidation of structural S(-II) relative to Fe(II), rendering a higher initial •OH yield upon unit of Fe(II) oxidation. Trichloroethylene can be also oxidized under similar conditions. Our results demonstrate that oxidative degradation of organic contaminants during the oxygenation of FeS can be a significant but currently underestimated pathway in both natural and engineered systems.
Correlations between the Outsole Wear of Running Shoes and the Sensory Evaluations according to the Increases of Service Distance (2003)

The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations between the deterioration of the traction characteristics of running shoes due to the wear and the sensory evaluations by runners. The sample shoes were worn by running continually. The amount of wear was detected by comparing the measurements for the cross-sectional shapes of shoe soles with wear and without wear respectively. As a result, it is found that runners' evaluations seem to be affected not only by the amount of wear but also by the cross-sectional shape of medial parts in fore sole, especially around the articulations metatarsophalangeae.
On Transmit Beamforming for Physical-Layer Multicasting (2011)

The paper considers transmit beamforming for physical-layer multicasting in a wireless system consisting of a single transmitter with multiple antennas and multiple single antenna users. The beamforming weights are obtained so that the transmitted power is minimized subject to meeting the minimum signal-to-noise (SNR) requirements of each user. As in previous works, semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation is considered. The contribution of this paper lies in that it provides effective and convergent algorithms to obtain the solution for the cases in which SDP yields a solution with rank greater than one. Two methods are proposed, namely, the coordinate descent method, which is applicable for the case of at least as many transmit antennas as users, and the p-norm approximation, which is is applicable for general case. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Turbulence Characteristics in a Rushton Stirring Vessel: A Numerical Investigation (2006)

Results from simulations using FLUENT (a commercial CFD package) are compared with Time Resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) for baseline configurations in order to validate and verify the fidelity of the computations. Different turbulent models are used in this study in order to determine which one is the most appropriate. Subsequently a parametric analysis of the flow characteristics as a function of the clearance height of the impeller from the vessel floor is performed. Results are presented along planes normal and parallel to the impeller axis, displaying velocity vector fields and contour plots of vorticity turbulent dissipation and others. Special attention is focused in the neighborhood of the impeller region and the radial jet generated there. The present results provide useful information for the design of the mixing process as well as for more accurate estimations in future work.
2-Halopyrroles. II. Mass Spectroscopic Studies (1975)

Abstract The mass spectra of 11 pyrrole derivatives are discussed, with particular reference to the loss of any halogen atom present. In simple derivatives such as 2-chloropyrrole (1), a loss of halogen is only as favorable as loss of HCN. In more complex compounds, loss of halogen competes poorly with the other processes such as loss of carbon monoxide, the tropylium species, or methyl groups. Substantial fragmentation of the pyrrole nucleus was observed before rearrangement of an alkyl pyrrole to a pyridinium species.