gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scale and rate in CdS pressure-induced phase transition (2020)

We describe recent efforts to improve our predictive modeling of rate-dependent behavior at, or near, a phase transition using molecular dynamics simulations. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a well-studied material that undergoes a solid-solid phase transition from wurtzite to rock salt structures between 3 and 9 GPa. Atomistic simulations are used to investigate the dominant transition mechanisms as a function of orientation, size and rate. We found that the final rock salt orientations were determined relative to the initial wurtzite orientation, and that these orientations were different for the two orientations and two pressure regimes studied. The CdS solid-solid phase transition is studied, for both a bulk single crystal and for polymer-encapsulated spherical nanoparticles of various sizes.
Effect of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic (2006)

MWCNT/3Y‐TZP (3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia) composites with different multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) contents were prepared by the spark plasma sintering technique. The effect of MWCNT addition on the electrical and dielectric properties of the composites at room temperature was studied. The experimental results showed that the DC conductivity of the composites demonstrated a typical percolation behavior with a very low percolation threshold between 1.0 and 2.0 wt% MWCNT content, and the dielectric constant was greatly increased when the MWCNT concentration was close to the percolation threshold, which was attributed to dielectric relaxation, the space charge polarization effect, and the percolation effect.
An Integrated Carbon-Dioxide-Foam Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Pilot Program With Combined Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage in an Onshore Texas Heterogeneous Carbonate Field (2019)

Summary A carbon–dioxide (CO2) –foam enhanced–oil–recovery (EOR) field pilot research program has been started to advance the technology of CO2 foam for mobility control in a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir. Increased oil recovery with associated anthropogenic–CO2 storage is a promising technology for mitigating global warming as part of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Previous field tests with CO2 foam report various results because of injectivity problems and the difficulty of attributing fluid displacement specifically to CO2 foam. Thus, a comprehensive integrated multiscale methodology is required for project design to better link laboratory– and field–scale displacement mechanisms. This study presents an integrated upscaling approach for designing a miscible CO2–foam field trial, including pilot–well–selection criteria and laboratory corefloods combined with reservoir–scale simulation to offer recommendations for the injection of alternating slugs of surfactant solution and CO2, or surfactant–alternating–gas (SAG) injection, while assessing CO2–storage potential. Laboratory investigations include dynamic aging, foam–stability scans, CO2–foam EOR corefloods with associated CO2 storage, and unsteady–state CO2/water endpoint relative permeability measurements. Tertiary CO2–foam EOR corefloods at oil–wet conditions result in a total recovery factor of 80% of original oil in place (OOIP), with an incremental recovery of 30% of OOIP by CO2 foam after waterflooding. Stable CO2 foam, using aqueous surfactants with a gas fraction of 0.70, provided mobility–reduction factors (MRFs) up to 340 compared with pure–CO2 injection at reservoir conditions. Oil recovery, gas–mobility reduction, producing–gas/oil ratio (GOR), and CO2 utilization at field pilot scale were investigated with a validated numerical model. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of foam to reduce gas mobility, improve CO2 utilization, and decrease GOR.
Synthesis and Ionochromic Effect of Hyperbranched and Linear Poly(thienylene−phenylene)s (2003)

A novel hyperbranched poly(thienylene−phenylene) is synthesized, which is compared with a poly(2,3-thienylene−phenylene) and a poly(2,5-thienylene−phenylene). The hyperbranched polymer has much greater solubility in organic solvents than its isomeric linear polymers. A pronounced ionochromic effect is observed for the poly(2,5-thienylene−phenylene) in the presence of LiBF4. This polymer shows a large red shift in its UV−vis spectrum when treated with the metal salt solution. The ionochromic effect is also ion selective. However, both the hyperbranched polymer and the poly(2,3-thienylene−phenylene) show almost no such ionochromic effect probably because of the ortho-substituted thiophene units in their structure. The hyperbranched polymer and the poly(2,5-thienylene−phenylene) are found to be green light emitters and the poly(2,3-thienylene−phenylene) a blue light emitter. These materials are potentially useful for electroluminescence and photovoltaics.
A parallel computer architecture for continuous simulation (1988)

A parallel computer specifically designed for the solution of ordinary differential equations is described. The first version of the machine contains thirty-two processors, running in an asynchronous multiple-instruction/multiple-data mode, communicating with high-speed parallel busses. Synchronization is accomplished by a microprogrammable communication controller. A number of processors have been designed and built for the machine. The processor types offer a wide variation in solution speed and accuracy. To permit easy comparisons with analog and hybrid systems, performance is measured by finding the highest frequency sine wave which can be integrated in real time with an accuracy of 0.1% or higher. Using this performance measure the performance limit of the current machine is 2000 Hz. The structure is capable of solving systems described by differential equations up to order sixty-four at these performance limits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimal number of quantum wells for blue InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (2012)

Blue InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with different numbers of quantum wells (QWs) are numerically investigated. With increase of QW number, the output power and forward voltage are both increased consistently. In terms of power conversion efficiency, the optimal number of QWs increases with the increase of injection currents and is twelve at experimental current of 42 A/cm2. Simulation results show that the bias voltage in QW plane is reduced with increase of QW number. This effect improves the current spreading and uniformity of carrier distribution in QW plane which results in the reduction of electron leakage and enhancement of emission efficiency.
Artificial pancreas under periodic MPC for trajectory tracking: handling circadian variability of insulin sensitivity (2022)

Closed-loop glycemic control algorithms have demonstrated the ability to improve glucose regulation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), both in silico and clinical trials. Many of the proposed control strategies have been developed, based on time-invariant linear models, without considering the parametric variations of T1DM subjects. In this work, a pulsatile Zone Model Predictive Control (pZMPC) is proposed, which explicitly considers patterns of intra-day insulin sensitivity (SI), according to the latest updates of the FDA-approved UVA/Padova simulator. Results show a significant improvement in the performance, which a-priori justifies the increment in the controller complexity.
Effect of process variables on liquid hot water pretreatment of wheat straw for bioconversion to fuel‐ethanol in a batch reactor (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Crop residues as wheat straw are potential sources for fuel‐ethanol production as an alternative to current production based on starch‐ or sugar‐containing feedstocks. In this work, the effect of liquid hot water (LHW) process parameters, i.e. temperature (170 and 200 °C), residence time (0 and 40 min), solid concentration (5% and 10% (w/v)) and overpressure applied in the reactor (30 bar and no overpressure), on pretreatment of wheat straw was studied using a full factorial experimental design. Pretreatment effectiveness was evaluated based on the composition of the solid and liquid fractions obtained after filtration of pretreated material, and the susceptibility of the solid fraction to enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) using commercial cellulases. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that only temperature and time, within the limits of the experimental range, have a significant effect on the responses studied. While the effect of pretreatment time in hemicellulose‐derived sugar recovery in prehydrolyzate depends on temperature, EH yield was enhanced as both temperature and time were increased. Maximum EH yield was 96 g glucose per 100 g potential glucose in pretreated residue. Xylan and acetyl groups content remaining in solid residue after pretretament, which were found to be directly correlated, had a marked effect on pretreated substrate degradability. CONCLUSIONS: LHW is an effective pretreatment to enhance the potential of wheat straw as substrate for ethanol production. Maximum hemicellulose‐derived sugar recovery (53% of content in raw material) and EH yield (96% of theoretical) fall within different temperature and time intervals, suggesting separate optimization designs for these responses. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Dental injuries in ice hockey games and training (2002)

A mandatory use of mouthguards and face masks or tightened rules for protection to decrease the high number of maxillofacial and dental injuries in the ice hockey games should be considered.
Soil moisture as a factor affecting the microbiological and biochemical activity of soil (2016)

The purpose of this research has been to identify relationships between soil moisture and the growth and development of microorganisms, their diversity and the activity of soil enzymes. Four soils with different texture were analysed. Air-dry soils were watered up to the moisture content corresponding to 20, 40 and 60% of the maximum water capacity (MWC) and subsequently were submitted to determinations of the counts of soil microorganisms, colony development index and ecophysiological diversity index for bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. In addition, the response of seven soil enzymes to soil humidity was examined. It was found that the most optimum soil moisture for the development of organotrophic bacteria was the one at the level of 20% of MWC. For Azotobacter spp. bacteria and actinomycetes, the 40% MWC soil moisture level was optimum, while fungi developed the best at the soil moisture level of 60% of MWC. In turn, the activity of soil dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase was the highest in soil with 20% of MWC. The principal component analysis showed that the soil moisture determined the microbial and biochemical soil activity to a much lesser degree than did the soil type.
Inflammation in new‐onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review (2014)

The postoperative inflammation response may play a role in the pathogenesis of PNAF. However, of the inflammation biomarkers, only elevated white blood cell count reliably predicts PNAF. Pre- and perioperative use of statins and several other drugs with anti-inflammatory properties reduce the incidence of PNAF.
Simulations of high linearity and high efficiency of class B power amplifiers in GaN HEMT technology (2003)

We describe the design and simulation of highly linear and highly efficient common source class B power amplifiers. Efficient broadband class B push-pull amplifiers are not feasible at microwave frequencies as baluns with desired broadband even-mode impedance are unavailable. We find, however, that a single-ended class B amplifier with bandpass filtering has an equivalent efficiency and linearity. Simulations of class B designs predict a power added efficiency (PAE) of 48% with 40 dBc of third order intermodulation product (IMD3) performance when biased close to the pinch-off voltage.
Logic and the Organization of Information – an appreciation of the book of this title by Martin Frické. A set of short essays (2013)

The Journal of Information Science does not normally carry book reviews, but when the Editor received a copy of Martin Frické’s book, Logic and the Organization of Information, he thought it was too interesting to ignore. It succinctly encapsulates years of accumulated research and practice in the field, while also adding ‘logic’ into the mix. He asked me if I could think of a suitable way of acknowledging the work, and I proposed a collection of short pieces by prominent people in the information science community. This is not, then, a review; more a salute to the author for making explicit the fundamental relationship between the ancient disciplines of logic and knowledge organization.
Editorial: Brown Adipose Tissue: From Heat Production in Rodents to Metabolic Health in Humans (2021)

EDITORIAL article Front. Endocrinol., 26 July 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.739065
Static and dynamic calibrations of constant-temperature hot-wire systems (1971)

The conventional hot-wire static calibration procedure for the measurement of absolute turbulence intensities with constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers is investigated and serious errors are found. An alternative calibration procedure is developed which involves shaking the wire at low frequencies in a uniform flow. A series of tests indicate that this dynamic calibration method is more accurate and consistent than the conventional procedure. A method for verifying various calibration procedures is demonstrated. This method involves the measurement of velocity perturbations in a series of Karman vortex streets. The velocity perturbation amplitude is held fixed, but the frequency varies from one vortex street to another. This method also acts as a direct check of the hot-wire system frequency response.
Developing Ground-Penetrating Radar for Quantitative Soil Hydrology (2013)

Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-invasive electromagnetic geophysical method, which is sensitive to variations of subsurface dielectric properties. With this, GPR has become a versatile tool in various fields of geophysics and the soil science. In particular the determination of field-scale soil water content has drawn considerable research interest over the past decade. However, the quantifiability of achieved results remains often contested. In this thesis, three approaches for a quantitative use of GPR in soil hydrology are presented. First, a new calibration approach is developed for quantifying near-surface soil water contents with GPR and its applicability is demonstrated in field applications.&#13;\nSecond, the ability of GPR methods for monitoring soil water dynamics is tested in well-controlled field experiments featuring imbibition into and drainage from a known subsurface structure. Finally, GPR applications are demonstrated in the broader context of developing monitoring schemes at a set of representative sites in a highly structured watershed.
Exploring the diversity and molecular evolution of shrews (family Soricidae) using mtDNA cytochrome b data (2011)

The taxonomy of the shrews (family Soricidae) is primarily underpinned by the analysis of morphology characters. These morphological characters are, however, often plesiomorphic and difficult to interpret in an evolutionarily meaningful way. Recent molecular studies have provided some clarity at lower-taxonomic levels, but studies giving resolution to deeper levels of the soricid phylogeny are lacking. By constructing the most taxonomically inclusive molecular phylogeny for this cosmopolitan family, this study aims to test the utility of the routinely used mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to resolve the higher-level relationships within the Soricidae. Given the life history characteristics of shrews (high metabolic rate in Soricinae, small body size, fast generation time and generally short life span), the metabolic theory predicts accelerated nucleotide turnover in this family. By examining the molecular evolution of the cytochrome b molecule, this study identifies both lineage- and codon-specific mutational rate differences.We suggest that codon-specific mutational rate patterns are best explained by unique selective regimes operating on the different codon positions, while lineage-specific rate variation among genera belonging to Soricidae may reflect differences in the mode and speed of speciation events which generated species.
Leucine Aminopeptidase (Bovine Lens) (1971)

Abstract The stability to pH and denaturing agents of crystalline leucine aminopeptidase (bovine lens) (EC 3.4.1.1) is reported. The native enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 327,000. In 7 m urea below pH 3 and in ≥3.7 m guanidinium chloride below pH 8.5, both leucine aminopeptidase and its reduced and carboxamidomethylated derivative exhibited a molecular weight on equilibrium centrifugation of 54,000 ± 4000 in the presence or absence of mercaptoethanol. A similar value (57,000) for the subunit of the enzyme or its carboxamidomethylated derivative was found on gel electrophoresis after incubation in 0.1 to 1.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of mercaptoethanol.
MASC: The manually annotated Sub-Corpus of American English (2008)

To answer the critical need for sharable, reusable annotated resources with rich linguistic annotations, we are developing a Manually Annotated Sub-Corpus (MASC) including texts from diverse genres and manual annotations or manually-validated annotations for multiple levels, including WordNet senses and FrameNet frames and frame elements, both of which have become significant resources in the international computational linguistics community. To derive maximal benefit from the semantic information provided by these resources, the MASC will also include manually-validated shallow parses and named entities, which will enable linking WordNet senses and FrameNet frames within the same sentences into more complex semantic structures and, because named entities will often be the role fillers of FrameNet frames, enrich the semantic and pragmatic information derivable from the sub-corpus. All MASC annotations will be published with detailed inter-annotator agreement measures. The MASC and its annotations will be freely downloadable from the ANC website, thus providing maximum accessibility for researchers from around the globe. 1. Overview To answer the critical need for sharable, reusable annotated resources with rich linguistic annotations, we are developing a Manually Annotated Sub-Corpus
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of chicken avidin‐related genes 1–5 (1994)

Using avidin cDNA as a hybridisation probe, we detected a gene family whose putative products are related to the chicken egg-white avidin. Two overlapping genomic clones were found to contain five genes (avidin-related genes 1-5, avr1-avr5), which have been cloned, characterized and sequenced. All of the genes have a four-exon structure with an overall identity with the avidin cDNA of 88-92%. The genes appear to have no pseudogenic features and, in fact, two of these genes have been shown to be transcribed. The putative proteins share a sequence identity of 68-78% with avidin. The amino acid residues responsible for the biotin-binding activity of avidin and the bacterial biotin-binding protein, streptavidin, are highly conserved. Since avidin is induced in both a progesterone-specific manner and in connection with inflammation, these genes offer a valuable tool to study complex gene regulation in vivo.
Single-layer &#x201C;domino&#x201D; diodes via optofluidic lithography for ultra-low Reynolds number applications (2013)

Autonomous fluidic components are critical to the advancement of integrated micro/nanofluidic circuitry for lab-on-a-chip applications, such as point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics and on-site chemical detection. Previously, a wide range of self-regulating microfluidic components, such as fluidic diodes, have been developed; however, achieving effective functionality at ultra-low Reynolds number (e.g., Re <; 0.05) has remained a significant challenge. To overcome this issue, here we introduce single-layer microfluidic “domino” diodes, which utilize free-standing rotational microstructures - constructed in situ via optofluidic lithography - in order to passively regulate the fluidic resistance based on the flow polarity, thereby enabling flow rectification under ultra-low Re conditions. COMSOL simulation results revealed a theoretical Diodicity (Di) of 31 for a singular domino diode component. Experimental results (for systems with four microstructures) revealed Di's ranging from 13.0±1.9 to 25.4±1.9 corresponding to 0.025 <; Re <; 0.030 and 0.010 <; Re <; 0.015 flow, respectively, which represent the largest Di's reported for Re <; 0.05 fluid flow.
<title>Synchronized detection of the block-based watermark with invisible grid embedding</title> (2001)

The loss of synchronization caused by geometrical modifications of an image, such as cropping, rotation and scaling, increases the difficulty of watermark detection, especially for block-based watermarking schemes. In this research, we consider an algorithm to embed an invisible grid structure into watermarked images to overcome this problem. A fixed-size 2D pseudo-random pattern is repeatedly embedded along horizontal and vertical directions of an image after the watermark is embedded in the image. In watermark detection, the affine matrix as well as horizontal/vertical shifts associated with certain geometrical attacks are determined by calculating the auto- correlation of the extracted grid structure and the cross- correlation between the folded grid and the embedded pattern. Synchronization is then recovered, and the watermark can be more easily detected. The applicability and advantages of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by experimental results.
Influence de l'intensification et de la date du semis sur la composition azotée des semences de 3 variétés d'orge (1987)

La composition azotée des semences de plusieurs cultivars d'orge soumis à l'intensification (apports d'azote, d'oligoéléments, d'un régulateur de croissance et changement dans la date du semis) varie peu.Ces con- ditions de culture sont sans effet sur les teneurs des acides aminés libres, de la proline libre et des compo- sés à groupement onium quaternaire représentés essentiellement par la glycine bétaïne, et celles des formes miné- rales de l'azote.L'étude quantitative des différentes familles de protéines de réserve montre que les variations de concentration en hordéines contribuent pour la plus grande part aux variations du contenu en azote total.Le semis d'hiver appliqué à la variété de printemps Triumph semble modifier la composition des semences en albumines-globulines et en glutélines.