gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KINETICS OF PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM MANURE-AMENDED ALKALINE SOIL (2003)

The release and transport of phosphate from manure-amended soils is detrimental to surface water because it leads to eutrophication. However, reaction rates and mechanisms of P release from manure-amended alkaline soils have not been completely characterized. The objectives of the present study were to determine the rate of P release from a manure-amended soil and to apply solubility models to predict the mineralogical phases that control soil-solution P concentrations. Phosphate release kinetics were measured on a soil that had received solid-dairy manure applications for more than a decade. To measure total P that would be released under leaching conditions, we conducted experiments in which we replenished the solution continuously until the P concentration reached a steady state (sequential desorption experiment). Measured P release kinetics indicate that 80% of the soluble P was released within 24 h, followed by a slow release that continued for up to 504 h. We applied several models, including a reversible first-order model, the Elovich model, and a modified version of the Elovich model that was empirically correlated to soil organic matter and percent clay, to describe our experimental data. The data were best fit with the Elovich model. Total P released from the manure-amended soil in the sequential desorption experiments was 29% from the surface soil (0–10 cm) and 8% from the subsurface soil (45–65 cm). Results from this study suggest that P release from manure-amended soils is controlled by rate-limited dissolution of meta-stable Ca-P mineral phases.
Measurement of Volumetric and Vascular Changes with Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI for Cancer Therapy Monitoring (2002)

Longitudinal dynamic contrast enhanced MRI studies were undertaken to monitor therapy induced volumetric and vascular changes. Three study components are presented in this work: one animal tumor chemotherapy study (R3230 AC adenocarcinoma treated with Taxotere), one patient with invasive lobular breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (AC regimen), and one patient with brain metastasis of primary breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy (40 Gray whole brain irradiation). In the animal study two contrast media with different molecular weights, Gadodiamide and Gadomer-17, were used. Only Gadomer-17 revealed significant changes in vascular properties. The responders showed decreased V(b) (vascular volume index) and K(2) (out-flux transport rate), which preceded tumor regression. The control tumors showed increased V(b) and K(2), before tumor growth became much faster. In the patient undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, the tumor was shrinking by 45% after 2 cycles of treatment, then again by 45% after 2 additional cycles. K(2) was decreasing over time with treatment. In the patient with brain metastasis, the 2 follow-up studies were much longer apart to monitor the regression and relapse of lesions. The pre-treatment volumes of lesions in the group without recurrence were significantly smaller compared to those with recurrence. In summary, the tumor volume was more sensitive than the vascular parameters measured by the small extracellular contrast medium for the assessment of therapy response and prediction of recurrence. The vascular properties measured by macromolecular contrast medium may have the potential to serve as early therapeutic efficacy indicators.
Development and Analysis of a Controlled Hot Surface Ignition System for Lean Burn Gas Engines (2012)

Spark ignition constitutes the most common way of mixture inflammation for gas engines of CHP units (combined heat and power). However, spark plug durability is limited due to spark erosion. High maintenance costs as a result of frequent spark plug replacements are the consequence. Beside the durability aspect, the inflammation of lean mixtures makes high demands on the inflammation process itself. Due to the small reactive mixture volume, the level of air-fuel ratio as well as the efficiency increase is limited. The ignition by means of a hot surface enables an increase of the reactive mixture volume and, as a result, an enhancement of the lean burn limit. A hot surface ignition (HSI) system was developed for stationary lean burn operation in due consideration of low manufacturing costs and electrical characteristics that allow a reliable control of the ignition timing. The main component of the inflammation element is a pin-shaped glow plug, whose temperature can be regulated by adjusting the electrical power. Due to external influences such as fluctuating ambient pressure and gas quality a control unit is essential for securing an optimal combustion phasing of the engine. Several designs of hot surface ignition, including passive prechamber and shielded versions, were tested on a single cylinder test bed engine operating with a homogeneous air-petrol mixture. The engine tests were accompanied by 3D flow simulations. The trials showed that the power consumption, and hence the temperature of the hot surface, as well as the flow conditions around the glow plug have a strong influence on the ignition timing. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the mean combustion chamber temperature and combustion phasing became evident. Based on this coherence, it was possible to develop a closed-loop control that adjusts the combustion phasing by controlling the combustion chamber temperature at a stationary operating point. The shielded inflammation element stood out to be the target-aiming version of hot surface ignition. It is characterised by an accelerated inflammation which allows reducing the cycle-to-cycle variations compared to prechamber spark ignition and, hence, to enhance the lean burn limit. As a result, a significant improvement of the efficiency-NOx trade-off is possible. The obtained results provide the basis for further trials on a gas engine CHP module operating with natural gas.
Context-dependent effects on attack and defense behaviors in the praying mantisTenodera sinensis (2022)

Most behavior needs to strike a balance between the competing needs to find food and protect an animal from predators. The factors that influence this balance and the resulting behavior are not well understood in many animals. Here, we examined these influences in the praying mantis Tenodera sinensis by presenting perching individuals with alternating sinusoidally moving prey-like stimuli and rapidly expanding looming stimuli then scoring their behavior on a defensive-aggressive scale. In this way, we tested the hypothesis that such behaviors are highly context dependent. Specifically, we found that defensive responses, which are normally very consistent, are decreased in magnitude if the animal has just performed an aggressive response to the previous sinusoid. A thrash behavior not normally seen with looming alone was often seen following aggression. In thrashing, the animal tries to push the looming stimulus away. Thrashing almost exclusively followed aggressive responses to the sinusoid stimulus. Moreover, aggression levels were found to shift from low to high and back to low as adult animals aged and, in general, female mantises were more aggressive than males. Finally, the specific nature of the mid-life spike in aggressive behaviors differed according to whether the animals were lab raised or caught in the wild. Lab-raised animals showed roughly equal amounts of increased attention to the stimulus and very aggressive strike behaviors, whereas wild-caught animals tended to either ignore the stimulus or react very aggressively with strikes. Therefore, our hypothesis regarding context-dependent effects was supported, with all four factors influencing the behaviors that were studied.
Non‐conventional dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease is more frequently associated with advanced neoplasia and aneuploidy than conventional dysplasia (2020)

Non-conventional morphological patterns of dysplasia are not uncommon in IBD, detected in 33% of the patients. The higher frequencies of advanced neoplasia (HGD or CRC) and aneuploidy in non-conventional dysplasia, in particular CCD, hypermucinous and GCD variants, suggest that they may have a higher malignant potential than conventional dysplasia or sporadic tubular adenomas, and thus need complete removal and/or careful follow-up. Greater than 40% of non-conventional dysplasia presented as a flat/invisible lesion, suggesting that IBD patients may benefit from random biopsy sampling in addition to targeted biopsies. The majority of non-conventional subtypes appear to develop via the chromosomal instability pathway, whereas an alternative serrated pathway may be responsible for the development of at least a subset of SSL-like and TSA-like dysplasias.
DOA Annual Report on Alternative Fuels DISI Engine Research - Autoignition Metrics (2017)

The overall objectives are to provide the science-base needed by industry stakeholders to understand how engine design and operation can be co-optimized with future fuels for highest overall system efficiency.
Workplace user frustration with computers: an exploratory investigation of the causes and severity (2006)

When hard-to-use computers cause users to become frustrated, it can affect workplace productivity, user mood and interactions with other co-workers. Previous research has examined the frustration that students and their families face in using computers. To learn more about the causes and measure the severity of user frustration with computers in the workplace, we collected modified time diaries from 50 workplace users, who spent an average of 5.1 hours on the computer. In this exploratory research, users reported wasting on average, 42 – 43% of their time on the computer due to frustrating experiences. The largest number of frustrating experiences occurred while using word processors, email and web browsers. The causes of the frustrating experiences, the time lost due to the frustrating experiences, and the effects of the frustrating experiences on the mood of the users are discussed in this paper. Implications for designers, managers, users, information technology staff and policymakers are discussed.
Finite element analysis and validation of dielectric elastomer actuators used for active origami (2014)

The field of active origami explores the incorporation of active materials into origami-inspired structures in order to serve as a means of actuation. Active origami-inspired structures capable of folding into complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes have the potential to be lightweight and versatile compared to traditional methods of actuation. This paper details the finite element analysis and experimental validation of unimorph actuators. Actuators are fabricated by adhering layers of electroded dielectric elastomer (3M VHB F9473PC) onto a passive substrate layer (3M Magic Scotch Tape). Finite element analysis of the actuators simulates the electromechanical coupling of the dielectric elastomer under an applied voltage by applying pressures to the surfaces of the dielectric elastomer where the compliant electrode (conductive carbon grease) is present. 3D finite element analysis of the bending actuators shows that applying contact boundary conditions to the electroded region of the active and passive layers provides better agreement to experimental data compared to modeling the entire actuator as continuous. To improve the applicability of dielectric elastomer-based actuators for active origami-inspired structures, folding actuators are developed by taking advantage of localized deformation caused by a passive layer with non-uniform thickness. Two-dimensional analysis of the folding actuators shows that agreement to experimental data diminishes as localized deformation increases. Limitations of using pressures to approximate the electromechanical coupling of the dielectric elastomer under an applied electric field and additional modeling considerations are also discussed.
Three-Body Correlation Functions and Recombination Rates for Bosons in Three Dimensions and One Dimension (2011)

We investigate local three-body correlations for bosonic particles in three dimensions and one dimension as a function of the interaction strength. The three-body correlation function g(3) is determined by measuring the three-body recombination rate in an ultracold gas of Cs atoms. In three dimensions, we measure the dependence of g(3) on the gas parameter in a BEC, finding good agreement with the theoretical prediction accounting for beyond-mean-field effects. In one dimension, we observe a reduction of g(3) by several orders of magnitude upon increasing interactions from the weakly interacting BEC to the strongly interacting Tonks-Girardeau regime, in good agreement with predictions from the Lieb-Liniger model for all strengths of interaction.
Effects of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems on Highway Traffic Flow Capacity (2002)

The effects on traffic flow of increasing proportions of both autonomous and cooperative adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicles relative to manually driven vehicles were studied. Such effects are difficult to estimate from field tests on highways because of the low market penetration of ACC systems. The research approach used Monte Carlo simulations based on detailed models presented in the literature to estimate the quantitative effects of varying the proportions of vehicle control types on lane capacity. The results of this study can help to provide realistic estimates of the effects of the introduction of ACC to the vehicle fleet. Transportation system managers can recognize that the autonomous ACC systems now entering the market are unlikely to have significant positive or negative effects on traffic flow. An additional value of studying ACC systems in this way is that these scenarios can represent the first steps in a deployment sequence that will lead to an automated highway system. Benefits gained at the early stages in this sequence, particularly through the introduction of cooperative ACC with priority access to designated (although not necessarily dedicated) lanes, can help support further investment in and development of automated highway systems.
Spiral whispering-gallery resonators (2005)

High-Q whispering-gallery modes with unidirectional emission are present in spiral - shaped microresonators despite completely chaotic ray dynamics. We demonstrate that formation of such modes is due to dynamical localization, and develop the theory of this effect.
<title>Dynamics of bulk modification inside glass by femtosecond laser</title> (2008)

A femtosecond laser machining has been utilized to fabricate various optical devices inside transparent material. To elucidate the mechanism of the femtosecond laser induced structural change inside a glass, we have observed the dynamics of the structural change and detected pressure wave propagation by a Transient Lens (TrL) method. Although the pressure wave generation has been already observed in our previous study, the analysis to obtain the temporal evolution of the refractive index distribution change was rather complex. In this study, we show alternative analysis method for TrL signals of bulk modification inside glass by femtosecond laser. From the analysis, the dynamics of the structural change including refractive index change at the center and shape of pressure wave becomes clear.
Formation mechanisms of Cr2AlB2, Cr3AlB4, and Fe2AlB2 MAB phases (2021)

Quenching studies of CrB-Al, CrB-Al-B and ß-FeB-Al mixtures revealed that all three undergo a topotactic transformation in the presence of Al to form Cr2AlB2, Cr3AlB4, and Fe2AlB2 MAB phases, respectively. The formation mechanism is intercalation for the Cr-based compounds, and reconstructive for the ß-FeB based mixture.
Resolution limit attainable with an inverse scattering reconstruction technique (1986)

Some implications of an integral equation that is frequently used in solutions of inverse scattering problems and generalized holography are discussed. In particular it is shown that the equation can only provide information about a filtered structure of the scatterer. With weak scatterers the filtering is shown to suppress all spatial-frequency components that represent details smaller than about half a wavelength of the incident wave. A comparison with another inversion method 2 is also made.
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE DIFFUSION OF IODIDE IONS CHEMISORBED ON SILVER (1983)

Abstract Der für F‐Adionen auf polykristallinem Ag nach der Tracertechnik (1311) gemessene Oberflächen‐Diffusionskoef?zient D5 nimmt bis zur Monoschicht mit steigender Bedeckung zu.
Rounding of Polytopes in the Real Number Model of Computation (1996)

Let 𝒜 be a set of m points in ℝ n . We show that the problem of (1 + ϵ)n-rounding of 𝒜, i.e., the problem of computing an ellipsoid E ⊆ ℝ n such that [(1 + ϵ)n] −1 E ⊆ conv. hull(𝒜) ⊆ E, can be solved in O(mn 2 (ϵ −1 + ln n + ln ln m)) arithmetic operations and comparisons. This result implies that the problem of approximating the minimum volume ellipsoid circumscribed about 𝒜 can be solved in O(m 3.5 ln(mϵ −1 )) operations to a relative accuracy of ϵ in the volume. The latter bound also applies to the (1 + ϵ)n-rounding problem. Our bounds hold for the real number model of computation.
Cover Image (2019)

The cover image, by JunMin Park and PooGyeon Park is based on the Research Article A stability criterion for asynchronously switched linear systems via sampled - data control. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4494
Effect of Installation on the Bearing Capacity of a Spudcan under Combined Loading in Soft Clay (2014)

Previous numerical analyses of the bearing capacity of embedded footing under combined vertical, horizontal, and moment loading have been based on the assumption that the foundation is wished-in-place, surrounded by undisturbed soil. Under these conditions, the large displacement and remolding of the soil during the footing installation are not accounted for. This assumption results in an overestimation of the capacity. This paper presents results of the size and shape of the bearing capacity surface of spudcan footing in soft clay that accounts for the effects of installation in the modeling. Results for soil sensitivities between one and five and for embedment depths up to three diameters are provided. The findings have practical application in the site-specific assessment of mobile jack-up platforms in soft clay.
Tethered Linux CPE for IP service delivery (2015)

This paper presents a new delivery model for IP communication services based on using lightweight Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) that is remotely controlled by virtualized software images running on a provider cloud. By removing the complex pieces of the service logic from the equipment in the customer premises, and by placing them in a virtualized software instance running inside the Service Provider's datacenter, relevant Operational and Capital Expenditure (CAPEX and OPEX) savings can be obtained. CAPEX savings are achieved by reducing the complexity of the piece of hardware to be deployed at the customer premises, or by extending the life cycle of existing devices already deployed. Potential OPEX savings are even larger: the complex logic of the service implementation (the software complexity) is under more manageable control of the service provider, thus enabling simpler troubleshooting and software upgrades, and reducing technical support calls and truck rolls. Hardware development is simplified as the service complexity is implemented in software with a continuous development model, thus reducing the time to market for new services whilst maintaining consistency of service regardless of hardware in the home. This model is enabled by the latest advances in the networking stack of the Linux kernel (which allow to implement network functions as programs running in kernel space), coupled with the use of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). The combination of these technologies allows controlling the broadband service in the cloud, while maintaining local, on-premises service enforcement, security and address management.
Assessment of Permeability Distribution Through Well Test Analysis (2001)

Abstract Many tools conventionally used in formation evaluation can provide an estimation of reservoir heterogeneity type and degree. Based on this information representative reservoir model can be built through which reservoir pressure and production behavior can be accurately estimated. The estimation of reservoir heterogeneity through reservoir responses, however, is still a challenging task. Well test analyses provide important information about the interwell permeability distribution of a reservoir. This study aims to correlate the response of pressure transient test to permeability distribution type. For this purpose, correlated permeability distributions in x-y direction are generated using fractional Brownian motion (fBm) as it has been shown in literature that permeability exhibits an fBm type distribution horizontally. 2-D fBm permeability distributions created using mid point displacement method are employed as data to a black oil simulator. Intermittence exponent, H or fractal dimension of the distribution, D, as defined by D=2-H, characterizes the distribution type. All permeability distributions are normalized to represent the same arithmetic mean (20, 100, and 500 mD) and uniform variance so that only their fractal dimension that underlies the smoothness of the distribution distinguishes them. Many different realizations of permeability distributions are generated based on the random number seeds used and pressure transient (drawdown) tests are simulated using a black oil simulator package (ECLIPSE 100). Pressure transient analysis is performed using PanSystem package. As a base case and for the comparison purpose, the same procedure is repeated for totally homogeneous case and random (normally distributed) permeability distribution with the same mean and uniform variance. The effects of permeability distribution type on the pressure response are clarified. A strong impact of heterogeneity is observed as an increase in skin effect with increasing fractal dimension of permeability distribution. This additional (or pseudo) skin effect due to heterogeneity is correlated to the fractal dimension of the permeability distribution. As a further step, the procedure is repeated for different flow rates applied during the drawdown test. The correlation between the fractal dimension of permeability distribution and additional skin is improved by incorporating the rate into it. The methodology followed can be used in the assessment of reservoir heterogeneity quantitatively using pressure transient response.