gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Spiking Neural Networks for Time Domain-based Radar Hand Gesture Recognition (2022)

Radar-based hand gesture recognition is a promising alternative to the camera-based solutions since radar is not impacted by lighting conditions and has no privacy concerns. Energy consumption is a key concern for radar applications on edge devices. Thus, a time-domain-based training approach that avoids the computationally expensive pre-processing fast Fourier transform (FFT) steps and utilizes time-domain radar data has been used. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are recognized as being lower-power and more energy-efficient than artificial neural networks (ANNs). Therefore, we used the time-domain training approach alongside SNNs to conserve the most energy. This work evaluates several convolutional-based SNNs and their ANN variants to determine the SNNs appropriateness for temporally based datasets and their ability to learn complex spatio-temporal features. All models were trained using only time-domain data and then used to classify ten different gestures recorded by five different people using a 60 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar sensor. The results indicate the effectiveness of the used time-domain training approach and the ability of SNNs to outperform their ANN counterparts.
Residual stress effects and damage tolerance behaviour of integral lightweight structures manufactured by FSW and HSM (2012)

Estágio realizado na empresa Airbus Operations GmbH, orientado pelo Mr. Marco Pacchione
Assessing Various Types of Fungal Strains to Convert Soybean Processing Industry Wastewater into Protein-Rich Animal Feed (2018)

The aim of this study was to convert a soybean processing industry wastewater stream into a protein-rich animal feed via fungal bioprocessing while simultaneously reducing the potential environmental impact of the waste stream. Eight fungal strains were screened in flask trails for their ability to produce protein-rich biomass while simultaneously reducing solids found in the wastewater stream. Trichoderma reesei, Paecilomyces variotii and Neurospora crassa produced 51.7, 47.1 and 43.2 g/L of biomass in flask trials while reducing solids present in the supernatant fraction by 46.5, 48.9 and 49.1%, respectively. In bioflo fermenters, Trichoderma reesei and Neurospora crassa produced 55.5 and 62 g/L of protein-rich biomass while reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels by 10.53 and 23.04%, respectively. Microbial metabolic process led to the production of protein-rich animal feed and simultaneously reduced the level of organic matter in the wastewater stream.
The effect of duodenal infusion on the electromyogram of gastric muscle during activation and inhibition of gastric emptying. (1975)

1. When the abomasum of the conscious calf is partially distended, rhythmic motility can readily be recorded from the e.m.g. of the smooth muscle of the fundus (body) and antrum. 2. In gastric evacuation rhythmic contractions of the antrum are reinforced by both rhythmic and tonic fundic contractions. 3. The output volume of the stomach can be directly correlated with e.m.g. activity. 4. Intragastric fluid is usually emptied in gushes coinciding with a strong contraction of the antrum but fluid may be evacuated, when the antrum is inactive, through the force generated by persisting rhythmic fundic contractions. 5. Using re-entrant cannulae so that the duodenum can be infused separately from the gastric effluent, isotonic sodium bicarbonate produced almost 100% gastric evacuation with greatly enhanced e.m.g. activity of fundus and antrum. Infusion of the duodenum with a solution of HCl, 60 m-equiv/l., produced the opposite effect, the gastric muscle becoming quiescent and 100% of the gastric test meal being retained. 6. These results show that the activating or inhibitory effects of a duodenal infusate are produced through an activating or inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle of the stomach. 7. The mechanism of the interrelation between duodenal receptor and gastric effector has not yet been elucidated but the connexion is not intramural since it continues when the duodenum is transected near to the pylorus.
Rarefied Flows of the Monatomic Gas in a Two-Dimensional Expansion Nozzle (1979)

Rarefied transition flows are calculated for the throat Knudsen-number K n less than 0.3 by using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The properties on the nozzle center-plane are as follows: (1) the mean velocity decreases with the increase of K n , (2) the overall temperature increases with K n , (3) the number density is barely affected by K n and is close to the equilibrium number density, and (4) disparity in the separate temperatures increases with K n ; as the nozzle area-ratio increases, the parallel temperature and the component of normal temperature parallel to the center-plane gradually rise above the equilibrium temperature, whereas the component of normal temperature perpendicular to the center-plane drops below the equilibrium temperature.
Metalloproteinase- and γ-Secretase-mediated Cleavage of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z (2008)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (Ptprz) is preferentially expressed in the brain as a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Three splicing variants, two receptor isoforms and one secretory isoform, are known. Here, we show that the extracellular region of the receptor isoforms of Ptprz are cleaved by metalloproteinases, and subsequently the membrane-tethered fragment is cleaved by presenilin/gamma-secretase, releasing its intracellular region into the cytoplasm; of note, the intracellular fragment of Ptprz shows nuclear localization. Administration of GM6001, an inhibitor of metalloproteinases, to mice demonstrated the metalloproteinase-mediated cleavage of Ptprz under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we identified the cleavage sites in the extracellular juxtamembrane region of Ptprz by tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinase 9. This is the first evidence of the metalloproteinase-mediated processing of a receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase in the central nervous system.
Targeting CCR5 with siRNAs: Using Recombinant SV40-Derived Vectors to Protect Macrophages and Microglia from R5-Tropic HIV (2003)

Transducing macrophages and other phagocytic cells has been problematic because these cells are largely nondividing and can phagocytose and degrade viral gene delivery vectors. Because of their carriage of the CCR5 chemokine receptor that functions as a coreceptor for most clinical strains of HIV, these cells are also key targets in early HIV infection and dissemination. We describe here a strategy to transduce these phagocytes, reduce cell membrane CCR5, and protect from infection with R5-tropic HIV. Recombinant Tag-deleted SV40 vectors were used to transduce unselected CCR5-bearing cell lines and primary cells with >98% efficiency. rSV40s were designed to express two different anti-CCR5 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), driven by the adenoviral VA1 polymerase III (pol III) promoter, which localizes the transcripts in the cytoplasm. Transduction with both siRNAs substantially reduced CCR5 mRNA, which in turn decreased detectable cell membrane CCR5. Both CCR5+ cell lines and primary cells were used: SupT1/CCR5 cells, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and primary human brain microglia. In addition, one siRNA, siRNA R5 #5, was designed to recognize conserved sequences in both murine and human CCR5 mRNA and effectively reduced CCR5 transcript in cells of both species. These siRNAs largely protected CCR5+ cell lines and primary human macrophages and brain microglia from challenge with R5-tropic HIV. Therefore, strategies to target CCR5 using rSV40-delivered, VA promoter-driven siRNAs may be useful therapeutic options for treating HIV infection.
Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate with Ammonia-Triethylboron (1962)

トリエチルホウ素アンモニア付加物(Et3B:NH3)を用いて酢酸ビニルの塊状およびメタノール溶液重合を-78℃,0℃,30℃の各温度で行なった。-78℃では塊状,溶液重合とも重合率は数%にしか達せず,重合度も102のオーダーであったが,0℃塊状および溶液重合では重合率は50～100%に達し,重合度も103のオーダーを示した。0℃および30℃における溶液重合の結果から,溶媒連鎖移動定数(Cs)を求めると,Cs=1.2×10-4(0℃),Cs=3.5×10-4(30℃)となり,これから連鎖移動と連鎖生長の活性化エネルギーの差(Etr-Ep)を求めると5.65kcal/molであった。
Further Studies on How the Nature of Zeolite Cavities That Are Bounded by Small Pores Influences the Conversion of Methanol to Light Olefins (2017)

A series of small-pore zeolites are synthesized and investigated as catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction. Small-pore zeolites SSZ-13, SSZ-16, SSZ-27, SSZ-28, SSZ-52, SSZ-98, SSZ-99, SSZ-104, SSZ-105 and an ITQ-3-type material are synthesized, and the results from their use as catalytic materials in the MTO reaction compared to those obtained from SAPO-34. The production of propane that tends to correlate with catalytic material lifetime (higher initial propane yields lead to shorter lifetimes) declines with increasing Si/Al (as has been observed previously for SSZ-13), and a larger cage dimension leads to higher propane yields at a fixed Si/Al. Data from these materials and others reported previously, for example, SSZ-39 and Rho, that were tested at the same reaction conditions, revealed four different patterns of light olefin selectivities: 1) ethylene greater than propylene with low butene, for example, SSZ-17, SSZ-98, SSZ-105, 2) ethylene equal to propylene and low butene, for example, SAPO-34, SSZ-13, SSZ-16, SSZ-27, SSZ-52, SSZ-99, SSZ-104, 3) propylene greater than ethylene with butene similar to ethylene, for example, SSZ-28, SSZ-39, and 4) ethylene equal to propylene equal to butene, for example, Rho. No clear relationships between zeolite cage architecture and light olefin selectivity emerged from this investigation, although several trends are presented as suggestions for further study.
Using Combinatorial Optimization within Max-Product Belief Propagation (2007)

In general, the problem of computing a maximum a posteriori (MAP) assignment in a Markov random field (MRF) is computationally intractable. However, in certain subclasses of MRF, an optimal or close-to-optimal assignment can be found very efficiently using combinatorial optimization algorithms: certain MRFs with mutual exclusion constraints can be solved using bipartite matching, and MRFs with regular potentials can be solved using minimum cut methods. However, these solutions do not apply to the many MRFs that contain such tractable components as sub-networks, but also other non-complying potentials. In this paper, we present a new method, called COMPOSE, for exploiting combinatorial optimization for sub-networks within the context of a max-product belief propagation algorithm. COMPOSE uses combinatorial optimization for computing exact max-marginals for an entire sub-network; these can then be used for inference in the context of the network as a whole. We describe highly efficient methods for computing max-marginals for subnetworks corresponding both to bipartite matchings and to regular networks. We present results on both synthetic and real networks encoding correspondence problems between images, which involve both matching constraints and pairwise geometric constraints. We compare to a range of current methods, showing that the ability of COMPOSE to transmit information globally across the network leads to improved convergence, decreased running time, and higher-scoring assignments.
Estimation of the spatial impulse response of an ultrasonic transducer using a tomographic approach (1995)

The impulse response method is often used to study the ultrasonic field radiated by planar or gently curved transducers. These investigations can be extended to include the reflected echoes from point reflectors, which can be used in synthesizing echoes from reflectors of known shapes. The single point echo can be measured directly but there are however certain problems associated with this. This paper proposes an alternative method to estimate the echo from a pointlike reflector by measuring the echoes from sliding half-planes. Using a tomographic approach, the single point echo is estimated from these measurements. To perform the tomographic inversion, a truncated weighted singular value decomposition (SVD) is used in order to catch essential features of the ultrasonic echoes, where the weight functions are chosen especially to suit this application. Numerical solutions are given for the chosen weight functions and an error analysis is carried out.
From IMU Measurement Sequence to Velocity Estimate Sequence: An Effective and Efficient Data-Driven Inertial Odometry Approach (2023)

We propose a novel deep-learning-based inertial odometry framework to improve both localization accuracy and efficiency. The measured 3-D accelerations and angular velocities are constructed as two independent channel 2-D features. In each channel, the three axes of accelerations or angular velocities constitute the height dimension, whereas the temporal axis represents the width dimension. In the neural network module, we first employ 2-D convolutional operations to convert the input features to 1-D series with fourfold downsampling along the temporal axis. We then apply the convolutional attention module to refine the generated 1-D feature map and long short-term memory (LSTM) layers to generate the hidden state for each refined time index, which is followed by two separate two-layer multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to regress the velocity and the uncertainty. During backpropagation, we use the negative log-likelihood loss to optimize the velocity and the uncertainty objectives. Benefiting from the velocity sequence objective in a single network forward propagation procedure, we also add the average squared distance between the ground-truth relative position and that of the prediction to minimize the location error. Extensive experiments on both the robust neural inertial navigation (RoNIN) dataset and the real scenario collected data in the CUHK campus show higher localization accuracy with 10 times higher efficiency of the proposed framework than the comparing methods.
Rapid Evolution of the CD8+ TCR Repertoire in Neonatal Mice (2016)

Currently, there is little consensus regarding the most appropriate animal model to study acute infection and the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell (CTL) responses in neonates. TCRβ high-throughput sequencing in naive CTL of differently aged neonatal mice was performed, which demonstrated differential Vβ family gene usage. Using an acute influenza infection model, we examined the TCR repertoire of the CTL response in neonatal and adult mice infected with influenza type A virus. Three-day-old mice mounted a greatly reduced primary NP(366-374)-specific CTL response when compared with 7-d-old and adult mice, whereas secondary CTL responses were normal. Analysis of NP(366-374)-specific CTL TCR repertoire revealed different Vβ gene usage and greatly reduced public clonotypes in 3-d-old neonates. This could underlie the impaired CTL response in these neonates. To directly test this, we examined whether controlling the TCR would restore neonatal CTL responses. We performed adoptive transfers of both nontransgenic and TCR-transgenic OVA(257-264)-specific (OT-I) CD8(+) T cells into influenza-infected hosts, which revealed that naive neonatal and adult OT-I cells expand equally well in neonatal and adult hosts. In contrast, nontransgenic neonatal CD8(+) T cells when transferred into adults failed to expand. We further demonstrate that differences in TCR avidity may contribute to decreased expansion of the endogenous neonatal CTL. These studies highlight the rapid evolution of the neonatal TCR repertoire during the first week of life and show that impaired neonatal CTL immunity results from an immature TCR repertoire, rather than intrinsic signaling defects or a suppressive environment.
Recent progress in synthetic biology for microbial production of C3–C10 alcohols (2012)

The growing need to address current energy and environmental problems has sparked an interest in developing improved biological methods to produce liquid fuels from renewable sources. While microbial ethanol production is well established, higher-chain alcohols possess chemical properties that are more similar to gasoline. Unfortunately, these alcohols (except 1-butanol) are not produced efficiently in natural microorganisms, and thus economical production in industrial volumes remains a challenge. Synthetic biology, however, offers additional tools to engineer synthetic pathways in user-friendly hosts to help increase titers and productivity of these advanced biofuels. This review concentrates on recent developments in synthetic biology to produce higher-chain alcohols as viable renewable replacements for traditional fuel.
Enhancing Reliability of Emerging Memory Technology for Machine Learning Accelerators (2020)

An efficient and reliable Multi-Level Cell (MLC) Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) is proposed based on a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><u>D</u>rop-<u>A</u>nd-<u>R</u>earrange <u>A</u>pproach</i> , called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DARA</i> . Since CNN models are rather robust, less important bits are dropped, allowing important bits to be written in safe and reliable Single-Level Cell mode. Also, bits are <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rearranged</i> to make the representation better aligned with memory cell characteristics. Bits with higher impact on the features value are stored in safer bit positions reducing the chance of read/write circuits to malfunction. Experimental results show that our approach provides comparable to error-free scenario reliability level, while doubling the bandwidth and maintaining error rate of less than 0.02 percent.
Picking pesky parameters: Optimizing regular expression matching in practice (2013)

Network security systems inspect packet payloads for signatures of attacks. These systems use regular expression matching at their core. Many techniques for implementing regular expression matching at line rate have been proposed. Solutions differ in the type of automaton used (i.e., deterministic vs. non-deterministic) and in the configuration of implementation-specific parameters. While each solution has been shown to perform well on specific rule sets and traffic patterns, there has been no systematic comparison across a large set of solutions, rule sets and traffic patterns. Thus, it is extremely challenging for a practitioner to make an informed decision within the plethora of existing algorithmic and architectural proposals. To address this problem, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a broad set of regular expression matching techniques. We consider both algorithmic and architectural aspects. Specifically, we explore the performance, area requirements, and power consumption of implementations targeting processors and field programmable gate arrays using rule sets of practical size and complexity. We present detailed performance results and specific guidelines for determining optimal configurations based on a simple evaluation of the rule set. These guidelines can help significantly when implementing regular expression matching systems in practice.
Epidemiology of Covid-19 (2020)

To the Editor: With regard to the Perspective article by Lipsitch
Foreword by Evan Kwerel (2004)

Paul Milgrom has had an enormous influence on the most important recent application of auction theory for the same reason you will want to read this book – clarity of thought and expression. In August 1993, President Clinton signed legislation granting the Federal Communications Commission the authority to auction spectrum licenses and requiring it to begin the first auction within a year. With no prior auction experience and a tight deadline, the normal bureaucratic behavior would have been to adopt a “tried and true” auction design. In 1993 however, there was no tried and true method appropriate for the circumstances – multiple licenses with potentially highly interdependent values. I had been advocating the use of auctions to select FCC licensees since 1983, when I joined the staff of the FCC's Office of Plans and Policy. When auction legislation finally passed, I was given the task of developing an auction design.
DC Green Electroluminescence of Al-CuGaS2 Diode (1992)

The dc green electroluminescence (EL) spectra observed at the Al-CuGaS 2 diode are described over the temperature range of 100-220 K. The EL is just correspondent with the main EL of the Al-ZnS-CuGaS 2 heterojunction diode. This confirms our previous proposal for the green EL from the Al-ZnS-CuGaS 2 heterojunction diode that it originates from the CuGaS 2 crystal, not from the ZnS film. Some possibilities for the electron injection from the Al electrode are also discussed in association with the current-voltage characteristics.
Sirt6 promotes tumorigenesis and drug resistance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by mediating PI3K/Akt signaling (2020)

These findings provide mechanistic insights into the oncogenic activity of Sirt6 in DLBCL for the first time and highlighted the potency of OSS_128167 for novel therapeutic strategies in DLBCL.
Introduction (2010)

The case for diversity would appear to be compelling. The customer base of organisations is increasingly diverse, driven to great extent by population changes (Kandola and Fullerton, 2003) and globalisation (Stockdale and Crosby, 2004: 15) and this, coupled with the fact that organisations 'need employees that can read their customers and interact with them in a near-flawless manner' (Jackson and Alvarez, 1992: 14), presents organisations with a vital source of competitive advantage. As Kandola and Fullerton assert (2003: 46), 'the ability of an organisation to provide products and services to all potential markets is a bottom-line concern' creating a need for organisations to be 'more responsive to the diverse needs of its customer base'.KeywordsHuman Resource ManagementEqual OpportunityDisable PeopleHarvard Business ReviewMinority DirectorThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Research Status and Genetic Improvement of Important Characters in Purple Rice (2020)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Purple rice, as a special rice with important nutritional and health functions, has important scientific significance and application value for genetic improvement of purple rice and breeding of new varieties through in-depth study on its agronomic and related quality traits and products processed, and analysis of its genetic basis. In this paper, the new progress of purple rice in agronomic traits, quality traits, environmental impacts on purple rice and genetic basis of purple rice seed coat in recent years were reviewed and analyzed, and the application prospects of purple rice processing products and purple gene in rice genetic improvement were also prospected. Thus, our results will provide important information and reference for breeding new purple rice varieties with good quality and high yield.