gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Path planning for a mobile robot using genetic algorithms (2005)

Abstract - This paper presents a new algorithm for global path planning to a goal for a mobile robot using Genetic Algorithm (GA). A genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal path for a mobile robot to move in a static environment expressed by a map with nodes and links. Locations of target and obstacles to find an optimal path are given in an environment that is a 2-D workplace. Each via point (landmark) in the net is a gene which is represented using binary code. The number of genes in one chromosome is function of the number of obstacles in the map. Therefore, we used a fixed length chromosome. The generated robot path is optimal in the sense of the shortest distance. The robot has a starting point and a target point under the assumption that the robot passes each point only once or not at all. The obtained results in simulation affirmed the potential of the proposed algorithm. I. I NTRODUCTION The path planning problem of a mobile robot can be stated as: given (starting location, goal location, 2-D map of workplace including static obstacles), plan a collision-free path between two specified points in satisfying an optimization criterion with constraints (most commonly: shortest path). The path planning problem is computationally very expensive. Although a great deal of research has been performed to further a solution to this problem, conventional approaches tend to be inflexible in response to: • Different optimization goals and changes of goals • Uncertainties in an environments and • Different constraints on computational resources. A review of the existing approaches for solving path-planning problem is provided in [1]. Many methods have been reported to generate an optimal path such: dynamic programming and distance transform methods. In the
Interleukin-6 Mediates Post-Infarct Repair by Cardiac Explant-Derived Stem Cells (2017)

This study suggests that IL-6 plays a pivotal role in EDC-mediated cardiac repair and may provide a means of increasing cell-mediated repair of ischemic myocardium.
True vario-scale maps that support smooth-zoom (2012)

This paper presents the first true vario-scale structure for geographic information: a delta in scale leads to a delta in the map (and smaller scale deltas lead to smaller map deltas until and including the infinitesimal small delta) for all scales. The structure is called smooth tGAP and its integrated 2D space and scale representation is stored as a single 3D data structure: space-scale cube (SSC ). The polygonal area objects are mapped to polyhedral representations in the smooth tGAP structure. The polyhedral primitive is integrating all scale representations of a single 2D area object. Together all polyhedral primitives form a partition of the space-scale cube: no gaps and no overlaps (in space or scale). Obtaining a single scale map is computing an horizontal slice through the structure. The structure can be used to implement smooth zoom in an animation or morphing style. The structure can also be used for mixed-scale representation: more detail near to user/viewer, less detail further away by taking non-horizontal slices. For all derived representations, slices and smooth-zoom animations, the 2D maps are always perfect planar partitions (even mixed-scales objects fit together and form a planar partition). Perhaps mixed-scale is not very useful for 2D maps, but for 3D computer graphics it is one of the key techniques. Our approach does also work for 3D space and scale integrated in one 4D hypercube.
Thyromimetic mode of action of peroxisome proliferators: activation of ‘malic’ enzyme gene transcription (1996)

Peroxisome proliferators induce thyroid-hormone-dependent liver activities, e.g. 'malic' enzyme, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, S14[Hertz, Aurbach, Hashimoto and Bar-Tana (1991) Biochem. J. 274, 745-751]. Here we report that the thyromimetic effect of peroxisome proliferators with respect to 'malic' enzyme result from transcriptional activation of the 'malic' enzyme gene, mediated by binding of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR alpha)/retinoid X receptor (RXR alpha) heterodimer to a 5'-flanking enhancer of the 'malic' enzyme promoter. The enhancer involved is distinct from the thyroid hormone response element of the 'malic' enzyme promoter and is partly homologous with that which mediates transcriptional activation of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase by peroxisome proliferators. Hence transcriptional activation of thyroid-hormone-dependent liver genes by xenobiotic or endogenous amphipathic carboxylates collectively defined as peroxisome proliferators is mediated by a transduction pathway similar to that involved in transcriptional activation of peroxisomal beta-oxidative genes and distinct from that which mediates thyroid hormone action.
Distributed virtual instrument for water quality monitoring across the Internet (2002)

This paper shows the design of a distributed and multi-platform system for water quality monitoring, enhanced with Internet capabilities. The signal-conditioning block has been reduced in cost and dimensions through the use of software routines for thermal compensation. The measured variables are temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. There are several services offered to the user, such as e-mail alarm notifications, automatic storage of measured data in a remote machine via the FTP protocol, dynamic generation of HTML reports, real time graphs and indicators visible from a remote web browser, etc. The whole system supports several types of computers, operating systems and communications hardware.
Reversible Nanopore Formation in Ge Nanowires during Lithiation–Delithiation Cycling: An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study (2011)

Retaining the high energy density of rechargeable lithium ion batteries depends critically on the cycle stability of microstructures in electrode materials. We report the reversible formation of nanoporosity in individual germanium nanowires during lithiation-delithiation cycling by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Upon lithium insertion, the initial crystalline Ge underwent a two-step phase transformation process: forming the intermediate amorphous Li(x)Ge and final crystalline Li(15)Ge(4) phases. Nanopores developed only during delithiation, involving the aggregation of vacancies produced by lithium extraction, similar to the formation of porous metals in dealloying. A delithiation front was observed to separate a dense nanowire segment of crystalline Li(15)Ge(4) with a porous spongelike segment composed of interconnected ligaments of amorphous Ge. This front sweeps along the wire with a logarithmic time law. Intriguingly, the porous nanowires exhibited fast lithiation/delithiation rates and excellent mechanical robustness, attributed to the high rate of lithium diffusion and the porous network structure for facile stress relaxation, respectively. These results suggest that Ge, which can develop a reversible nanoporous network structure, is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries with superior energy capacity, rate performance, and cycle stability.
A novel method for designing chirp characteristics in electroabsorption MQW optical modulators (1998)

We propose a novel method to control the chirp parameter characteristics in electroabsorption (EA) multiquantum-well (MQW) optical modulators. We demonstrate that a large decrease of absorption on the short wavelength side enables us to achieve a negative chirp parameter that is independent of the extinction characteristics. This is achieved by enhancing the decrease in the absorption by higher states, which can be brought about by a shallow heavy-hole band discontinuity. It is also experimentally shown that a negative chirp operation from a near-zero-bias voltage in GaInAsP MQW optical modulators is realized by applying this new concept.
Degradation of human collagen isoforms by Clostridium collagenase and the effects of degradation products on cell migration (2010)

Clostridium collagenase has been widely used in biomedical research to dissociate tissues and isolate cells; and, since 1965, as a therapeutic drug for the removal of necrotic wound tissues. Previous studies found that purified collagenase-treated extracellular matrix stimulated cellular response to injury and increased cell proliferation and migration. This article presents an in vitro study investigating the digestive ability of Clostridium collagenase on human collagen types I, III, IV, V and VI. Our results showed that Clostridium collagenase displays proteolytic power to digest all these types of human collagen, except type VI. The degradation products derived were tested in cell migration assays using human keratinocytes (gold surface migration assay) and fibroblasts (chemotaxis cell migration assay). Clostridium collagenase itself and the degradation products of type I and III collagens showed an increase in keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, type IV-induced fibroblast migration only, and the remainder showed no effects compared with the control. The data indicate that Clostridium collagenase can effectively digest collagen isoforms that are present in necrotic wound tissues and suggest that collagenase treatment provides several mechanisms to enhance cell migration: collagenase itself and collagen degradation products.
Gut Microbial β-Glucuronidase Inhibition via Catalytic Cycle Interception (2018)

Microbial β-glucuronidases (GUSs) cause severe gut toxicities that limit the efficacy of cancer drugs and other therapeutics. Selective inhibitors of bacterial GUS have been shown to alleviate these side effects. Using structural and chemical biology, mass spectrometry, and cell-based assays, we establish that piperazine-containing GUS inhibitors intercept the glycosyl-enzyme catalytic intermediate of these retaining glycosyl hydrolases. We demonstrate that piperazine-based compounds are substrate-dependent GUS inhibitors that bind to the GUS-GlcA catalytic intermediate as a piperazine-linked glucuronide (GlcA, glucuronic acid). We confirm the GUS-dependent formation of inhibitor-glucuronide conjugates by LC-MS and show that methylated piperazine analogs display significantly reduced potencies. We further demonstrate that a range of approved piperazine- and piperidine-containing drugs from many classes, including those for the treatment of depression, infection, and cancer, function by the same mechanism, and we confirm through gene editing that these compounds selectively inhibit GUS in living bacterial cells. Together, these data reveal a unique mechanism of GUS inhibition and show that a range of therapeutics may impact GUS activities in the human gut.
AMPA receptors in epilepsy and as targets for antiepileptic drugs. (1999)

alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are key mediators of seizure spread in the nervous system and represent promising targets for antiepileptic drugs. There is emerging evidence that AMPA receptors may play a role in epileptogenesis and in seizure-induced brain damage. This evidence suggests that AMPA receptor antagonists could have broad utility in epilepsy therapy. Regional, developmental, and disease-associated variations in AMPA receptors produced by differential expression of AMPA receptor subunits and variations in posttranscriptional processing, including alternative splicing and pre-mRNA editing, provide a diversity of functionally distinct AMPA receptor isoforms that allow opportunities for selective drug targeting. Four types of AMPA receptor antagonist are discussed in this chapter: (a) competitive AMPA recognition site antagonists, including those of the quinoxalinedione and newer nonquinoxalinedione classes, (b) 2,3-benzodiazepine noncompetitive (allosteric) antagonists, (c) desensitization enhancing antagonists, exemplified by SCN-, and (d) antagonists of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors, including polyamine amide arthropod toxins and their synthetic analogues. Competitive and noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists are broad-spectrum anticonvulsants in animal seizure models. Their effectiveness and safety for humans remain to be determined. There is evidence that these antagonists can potentiate the antiseizure activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and conventional antiepileptic drugs. This evidence suggests that the preferred use of AMPA receptor antagonists may be in combination therapies. Agents that enhance desensitization may have advantages in comparison with other AMPA receptor antagonists to the extent that they preferentially block high-frequency synaptic signaling and avoid depressing AMPA receptors on interneurons, which would lead to disinhibition and enhanced excitability. Evidence has accumulated that Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors (those lacking the edited GluR2 subunit) may play a role in epileptogenesis and the brain damage occurring with prolonged seizures. Because Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors are predominately expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons, it is hypothesized that some forms of epilepsy might be caused by reduced GABA inhibition resulting from Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxic death of interneurons. It is further proposed that drugs that selectively target Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors might have antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective properties. Certain polyamine toxins and their analogues are channel-blocking AMPA receptor antagonists that selectively inhibit Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors. These substances might give clues to the development of such antagonists.
Cu-doped GaN: A dilute magnetic semiconductor from first-principles study (2006)

First-principles calculations based on spin density functional theory are performed to study the spin-resolved electronic properties of GaN doped with 6.25% of Cu. The Cu dopants are found spin polarized and the calculated band structures suggest a 100% polarization of the conduction carriers. The Cu-doped GaN favors ferromagnetic ground state which can be explained in terms of p-d hybridization mechanism, and a Curie temperature around 350K can be expected. These results suggest that the Cu-doped GaN is a promising dilute magnetic semiconductor free of magnetic precipitates and may find applications in the field of spintronics.
Allyl ethers as combined plasticizing and crosslinkable side groups in polycarbonate‐based polymer electrolytes for solid‐state Li batteries (2016)

ABSTRACT Allyl ether‐functional polycarbonates, synthesized by organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization of the six‐membered cyclic carbonate monomer 2‐allyloxymethyl‐2‐ethyltrimethylene carbonate, were used to prepare non‐polyether polymer electrolytes. UV‐crosslinking of the allyl side groups provided mechanically stable electrolytes with improved molecular flexibility— T g below −20 °C—and higher ionic conductivity—up to 4.3 × 10 −7 S/cm at 25 °C and 5.2 × 10 −6 S/cm at 60 °C—due to the plasticizing properties of the allyl ether side groups. The electrolyte function was additionally demonstrated in thin‐film Li battery cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 2128–2135
Weekly flow cytometric analysis of riverine phytoplankton to determine seasonal bloom dynamics (2014)

Understanding the relative role of anthropogenic and environmental drivers on the timing, magnitude and composition of algal and cyanobacterial blooms is vitally important for the effective management of river catchments. Whilst taxonomic identification and enumeration of algal species can provide valuable insights, the time and specialist skills needed for this approach makes it prohibitive for high frequency and multiple-site studies. Other proxies for phytoplankton, such as total chlorophyll concentration provide little information on community composition. Here we demonstrate the use of flow cytometry (FCM) as a viable alternative approach for monitoring the changing seasonal patterns of abundance, composition and biovolume of phytoplankton in rivers. A FCM assay was set up and calibrated using a range of pure algal cultures and then applied to a year-long, weekly sampling campaign on the River Thames at Wallingford, UK. Ten groups of phytoplankton representing diatoms, chlorophytes, cryptophytes and cyanobacteria were monitored over the course of the year and examined in relation to river physiochemical parameters. Major diatom blooms occurred in spring and autumn, correlating with depletion of soluble reactive phosphorus and dissolved silicon concentrations and we also observed a significant and sustained cyanobacteria bloom between July and October. Pico-chlorophytes (0.2–2.0 μm in diameter) dominated the community throughout the summer period but were not detected using traditional colorimetric chlorophyll analysis, suggesting underestimates of actual phytoplankton standing stocks by traditional methods. We demonstrate high resolution sampling and FCM as a sensitive method for river ecosystem monitoring and that FCM data may be used as an indicator of riverine health.
Copolymerization of ethylene and ?-olefins with combined metallocene catalysts. II. Mathematical modeling of polymerization with single metallocene catalysts (2000)

The relation between the polymerization conditions and the distributions of molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition (CCD) of poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene) made with single supported metallocene catalysts was investigated. Understanding the behavior of each metallocene under different polymerization conditions is necessary for designing combined metallocene catalysts to produce tailor-made polyolefins. In this article, a simple mathematical model based on experimental results is developed and combined with the bimodality criterion developed in Part I of this series to predict polymerization conditions and metallocene combinations that will produce polymers with desired MWDs and CCDs. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1417–1426, 2000
Low-level radioactive waste treatment: the water recycle process (1970)

The water recycle process was developed for decontaminating low-level radioactive aqueous wastes and recycling the purified water for reuse at nuclear installations. This process was successfully demonstrated through several cycles in a micro-pilot plant, using ORNL waste that contained low concentrations of salts and radionuclides. The recycle of water should be an improvement over present methods in which the wastes are decontaminated and the purified water is discharged to the environment. The steps in the process are: (1) clarification, using zeta-potential-controlled additions of coagulants such as alum, coagulant aids, activated silica, and nonionic organic polyelectrolyte; (2) demineralization by cation-anion exchange; and (3) treatment with activated carbon. Zeta-potential control was shown to be an excel lent method for obtaining optimum clarification conditions. The water in the micro-pilot plant was decontaminated from all major radionuclides by factors (DF's) of 1000 to 10,000 for up to 2400 volumes of water per volume of cation resin. The DF's for cobalt (60Co) and ruthenium (106Ru) were 104 and 103, the highest obtained in the ORNL waste development program.
Supplementary figures 1-2 from Antitumor Activity of RXDX-105 in Multiple Cancer Types with <i>RET</i> Rearrangements or Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. In vitro characterization of RET inhibitory activity of RXDX-105 in HBEC3KT-RET cells; Supplementary Figure 2. In vivo efficacy of RXDX-105 in a xenograft model of HBEC3KT-RET harboring CCDC6-RET fusion.&lt;/p&gt;
Monitoring Entities in an Uncertain World: Entity Resolution and Referential Integrity. (2011)

Abstract : This paper describes a system to help intelligence analysts track and analyze information being published in multiple sources, particularly open sources on the Web. The system integrates technology for Web harvesting, natural language extraction, and network analytics, and allows analysts to view and explore the results via a Web application. One of the difficult problems we address is the entity resolution problem, which occurs when there are multiple, differing ways to refer to the same entity. The problem is particularly complex when noisy data is being aggregated over time, there is no clean master list of entities, and the entities under investigation are intentionally being deceptive. Our system must not only perform entity resolution with noisy data, but must also gracefully recover when entity resolution mistakes are subsequently corrected. We present a case study in arms trafficking that illustrates the issues, and describe how they are addressed.
Stochastic Description of Field-Measured Infiltration Data (1989)

ABSTRACT Infiltration was measured as a function of time at 50 measurement sites along a 100-m transect. Whether infiltration was in the transient or in the steady state stage made no difference on the infiltration variability. Three algorithms are presented and demonstrated to describe the variability of the measured set of infiltration data: a multivariate parameter distribution generator, scaling of the two-parameter Philip's equation, and functional normalization of the three-parameter Kostiakov infiltration equation. These techniques are especially useful for applications in Monte-Carlo simulations and if one is interested in the origin of the variability, since the derived scale factors can be correlated with other soil variables.
Free Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Accumulation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Human Sebocytes (2022)

Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the inflammation-associated mechanisms of lipogenesis and cell death induction in human sebocytes and may help to unveil the effects of fatty acid-rich human nutrition.
Identification of three mutant alleles of the gene for mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase. A complete analysis of two generations of a family with 3-ketothiolase deficiency. (1992)

3-Ketothiolase deficiency (3KTD) stems from a deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (T2). We analyzed the molecular basis of 3KTD in two generations of a family. A boy (patient 2, GK04), his father (patient 1, GK05), his mother, and his brother were studied; three mutant alleles of T2 gene were identified. Patient 1 is a compound heterozygote: one allele has a point mutation of G to A at position 547 on his T2 cDNA, causing Gly150 to Arg substitution of the mature T2 subunit, and the other allele has GT to TT transition at the 5' splice site of intron 8, causing exon 8's skipping of the T2 cDNA. Patient 2 is also a compound heterozygote: one allele inherited from his mother has AG to CG transition at the 3' splice site of intron 10, causing exon 11's skipping of the T2 cDNA, and the other allele derived from patient 1 has the G to A mutation (Gly to Arg). The brother of patient 2 is an obligatory carrier with the mutant allele causing the exon 8 skipping. This report seems to be the first complete molecular definition of 3KTD at the gene level.