gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Manipulations of Acetylcholinesterase Splice Variants Highlight Alternative Splicing Contributions to Murine Neocortical Development (2004)

Proliferation and differentiation of mammalian central nervous system progenitor cells involve concertedly controlled transcriptional and alternative splicing modulations. Searching for the developmental implications of this programming, we manipulated specific acetylcholinesterase (AChE) splice variants in the embryonic mouse brain. In wild type mice, 'synaptic' AChE-S appeared in migrating neurons, whereas the C-terminus cleaved off the stress-induced AChE-R variant associated with migratory radial glial fibers. Antisense suppression of AChE-R reduced neuronal migration, allowing increased proliferation of progenitor cells. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of AChE-R was ineffective, whereas transgenic excess of enzymatically active AChE-S or inactive AChE-Sin suppressed progenitors proliferation alone or both proliferation and neuronal migration, respectively. Our findings attribute to alternative splicing events an interactive major role in neocortical development.
Second-order moiré method for accurate deformation measurement with a large field of view (2020)

In this study, we propose a second-order moiré method by performing digital sampling at two stages to realize high-accuracy deformation measurement in a wide field of view, where a grid image is recorded at a low magnification. Simulations have verified that this method has high strain measurement accuracy when the grid pitch is close to or even smaller than two pixels for both parallel and oblique grids with random noise. As an application, the two-dimensional microscale strain distributions of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimen when the grid pitch was about 2.1 pixels were presented. Shear strain concentration was detected before an interlaminar crack emerged, and tensile strain concentration was found prior to the occurrence of a transverse crack. The proposed method makes the two-step phase-shifting technique achieved indirectly, not only enlarging the field of view, but also maintaining the measurement accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Transesterifications of 2‐Methyl‐1‐alcohols Catalyzed by Lipases from Pseudomonas. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local isotherm concept and modes of moisture binding in food products (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocal isotherm concept and modes of moisture binding in food productsHector A. Iglesias and Jorge ChirifeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1976, 24, 1, 77–79Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60203a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60203a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dynamic walk of a bipedal robot having flexible feet (2002)

The objective of the work is to evaluate the contribution of flexibilities in the feet of a bipedal robot during a dynamic walk. The two major effects are the diminution of the intensity of the normal force when the heel touches the ground and the increase of the phase of double support allowing a better stability of the system. Another notable effect is the analogy between the passive flexion amplitude of the tiptoes and the measured results of human subjects.
<sup>239/240</sup>Pu in Lake Michigan: 1971 to 1978 (1979)

The plutonium concentration data presented previously have consisted primarily of results from studies of short-term variations, i.e., the annual plutonium cycle conducted at Lake Michigan station ANL-5, 12 km SW of Grand Haven, Michigan. In this report, mean annual concentrations of total plutonium in unfiltered water from far off-shore (> 30 km) stations for the period 1971 through 1977, and from station ANL-5 (1975 through 1978) are summarized to establish the long-term trend in plutonium concentration in Lake Michigan. The results presented show that the mean annual concentration in the water column is similar at ANL-5 and at offshore stations and has decreased at the rate of only 6% per year during the period 1972 through 1978. The nearly constant concentration indicates that steady-state equilibria exist between plutonium inputs to the lake and the loss of plutonium from the water column. Observations suggest the existence of an active redox cycle for Pu in Lake Michigan. In this cycle, Pu IV atoms in solution are continually taken up by particulate materials but may be oxidized within microzones of the particles such as freshly deposited manganese coatings and also in solution by agents such as dissolved oxygen. In turn, the concentration of Pu VI in solution may be limited by reaction with reducing constituents of the coloidal-sized fraction (or decomposer organisms such as bacteria or fungi, which might have been present after filtration) and with planktonic organisms in the environment to produce Pu IV and thus maintain the cycle. (JGB)
Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches to target amygdala-projecting serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that enhance anxiety-related and conditioned fear behaviors (2020)

Collectively, these studies support the hypothesis that amygdala-projecting 5-HT neurons in the DR represent an anxiety and fear-on network.
Ergodic Capacity and Beamforming Optimality for Multi-Antenna Relaying with Statistical CSI (2011)

We investigate the capacity and beamforming optimality of multi-antenna relaying systems, given access to statistical channel information at the relay and source. Multi-antenna relay configurations are considered, for which the source as well as either the relay or destination have multiple antennas, and the relay operates with amplify-and-forward. We first compute the optimal transmission strategies at both the source and relay, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for which beamforming achieves capacity. To gain more insight, we then employ tools from stochastic majorization theory to characterize the impact of the destination correlation and the relay gain on the capacity and beamforming optimality range. These results demonstrate some intriguing behavior, which arises due to the joint interplay between the transmit power, relay gain, and level of correlation at the destination. It is shown, among other things, that for certain transmit powers and relay gains, the beamforming optimality region becomes independent of the destination correlation. By relaxing the beamforming optimality condition, we also derive a simple explicit upper bound which gives further insights into the joint effect of the SNR and the transmit correlation on the beamforming optimality range.
Surface-rheological measurements on glass forming polymers based on the surface tension driven decay of imprinted corrugation gratings (2000)

We report on surface-rheological experiments on glass forming polymers making use of the decay of imprinted surface corrugation gratings. Whereas the grating is frozen in at temperatures below the glass temperature Tg, surface tension drives its decay once the sample is heated to above Tg. From the balance between surface tension and viscous stress, the near-surface shear modulus G(ω) is derived. For polystyrene a marked dependence on chain length is found. While the near-surface moduli agree with the bulk values for highly entangled samples, an increase of the apparent stiffness by a factor of 10 compared to the bulk is found for chains shorter than the entanglement length.
Lensless Fourier-Transform Terahertz Digital Holography for Full-Field Reflective Imaging (2022)

Continuous-wave terahertz digital holography (TDH) is a full-field lensless phase imaging approach usually with the coherent THz laser. It has the potential to be applied to nondestructive testing. In order to simplify the reconstruction and utilize the THz radiation with higher efficiency, a full-field reflective lensless Fourier-transform TDH (RLF-TDH) configuration is proposed with oblique illumination mode based on 2.52 THz radiation. A spherical reference beam is generated by a reflective concave mirror in order to reduce the loss of THz radiation, which is different from other configurations of the same kind. In the reconstruction process, the complex-amplitude image can be obtained by directly applying single Fourier transform to the digital hologram; thus, it is very possible to achieve real-time imaging . A tilted plane correction method is implemented to correct the anamorphism caused by the nonparallel planes between the object and recording plane. The profile information of the object can be measured from the unwrapped, aberration-free phase image. Two reflective gold-coated samples are adopted to demonstrate the validity of the RLF-TDH imaging system.
Corrigendum to: Spatial Topography of Individual-Specific Cortical Networks Predicts Human Cognition, Personality and Emotion (2021)

10.1093/cercor/bhab186
Beurteilung des Estrogen-Metabolismus bei hormonabhängigen Neoplasien unter klinischpharmakologischen Aspekten (2011)

The present review summarizes existing data regarding estrogen metabolism and hormone-responsive cancers. Endogenous estradiol breakdown takes place by oxidation at the A-ring and the D-ring; the resulting metabolites, however, are not inactive substances, as assumed formerly, but elicit different biological effects, with A- and D-ring metabolites to some extent developing opposite actions. Multiple results are available showing stimulating and inhibiting properties of some metabolites on the growth of cancer. Among the D-ring metabolites are substances with proliferation-stimulating properties, e.g. 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone, and among the A-ring metabolites, the catechol estrogens, compounds with inhibiting properties. There are indications that endogenous production of proliferation-stimulating metabolites, especially 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone, which has been shown to be mutagenic, is increased in some cancers. In these cases the ratio of A- to D-ring metabolism is shifted in favour of the D-ring metabolites. This ratio can be influenced by various substances e.g. by indole-3-carbinol, an ingredient of cruciferous vegetables, which can increase the body's own production of catechol estrogens. However, as yet only a few metabolites have been investigated with respect to their influence on cancer development and growth. Presumably other metabolites may also be able to interfere directly or indirectly with cancer progression. Thus a great deficit in research work remains in this field. The existing findings on the pathophysiology of estradiol metabolism on the development and progression of cancer offer promising opportunities for clinical-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of human cancer. 2-Methoxyestradiol, physiologically present at low concentrations, seems to be of special interest. Several investigations were able to demonstrate that 2-methoxyestradiol inhibits proliferating tumoric tissues. Inhibition of neoangiogenesis and inhibition of tubulin polymerization have been revealed as mechanisms. Specific studies on the clinical use of this estradiol metabolite seem to be justified.
Source-driven and resonance-driven harmonic interaction between PV inverters and the grid (2016)

Together with the rising share of renewable generation more and more modern inverters are installed in the electricity grid. Existing standards for the characterization of harmonic emissions turn out not be suitable anymore for future requirements; e.g. today's guidelines do not help to prevent detrimental phenomena like harmonic resonances in systems with high penetration of renewables. This paper starts with giving some theoretical considerations about the correlation between voltages, currents and impedances for a Thévenin equivalent description of an inverter-grid system. A new method of Thévenin modelling based on sets of independent measurements is presented. Finally the impedance-based stability criterion will be applied to a real measured resonance in a 44 MW PV power plant. In conclusion the paper discusses methods, which are suitable to get a better understanding of the harmonic behavior of inverters, which can help to avoid power quality problems in advance.
Increasing the adaptability of manufacturing systems by using data-centric communication (2014)

Future manufacturing systems have to be more adaptable to be able to compete in fast changing markets and address specific customer demands. To increase adaptability of production systems, the software and communication infrastructures have to be adaptable as well. Current communication paradigms tightly couple manufacturing systems to communication infrastructures. Changes in the manufacturing system require manual reconfiguration of software and communication infrastructure. In this paper we define the requirements for future adaptable manufacturing systems. They have to be loosely coupled, dynamic, adaptable, and capable of plug & play. We also propose a data-centric approach to make communication systems more adaptable. Using a simplified industrial setup, we show that the approach is feasible for manufacturing systems and increases the adaptability.
Podocalyxin Is a Novel Polysialylated Neural Adhesion Protein with Multiple Roles in Neural Development and Synapse Formation (2010)

Neural development and plasticity are regulated by neural adhesion proteins, including the polysialylated form of NCAM (PSA-NCAM). Podocalyxin (PC) is a renal PSA-containing protein that has been reported to function as an anti-adhesin in kidney podocytes. Here we show that PC is widely expressed in neurons during neural development. Neural PC interacts with the ERM protein family, and with NHERF1/2 and RhoA/G. Experiments in vitro and phenotypic analyses of podxl-deficient mice indicate that PC is involved in neurite growth, branching and axonal fasciculation, and that PC loss-of-function reduces the number of synapses in the CNS and in the neuromuscular system. We also show that whereas some of the brain PC functions require PSA, others depend on PC per se. Our results show that PC, the second highly sialylated neural adhesion protein, plays multiple roles in neural development.
Novel sampling algorithm for DSP controlled 2 kW PFC converter (2001)

This paper proposes a novel sampling algorithm for digital signal processing (DSP) controlled 2 kW power factor correction (PFCs) converters, which can improve switching noise immunity greatly in average-current-control power supplies. Based on the newly developed DSP chip TMS320F240. a 2 kW PFC stage is implemented. The novel sampling algorithm shows great advantages when the converter operates at a frequency above 30 kHz.
<title>Fuzzy neural-network-based segmentation of multispectral magnetic-resonance brain images</title> (1996)

This study investigates the applicability of a multimodular neuro-fuzzy system in the multispectral analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human brain. The system consists of two components: an unsupervised neural module for image segmentation in tissue regions and a supervised module for tissue labeling. The former is the fuzzy Kohonen clustering network (FKCN). The latter is a feed-forward network based on the back-propagation learning rule. The results obtained with the FKCN have been compared with those extracted by a self organizing map (SOM). The system has been used to analyze the multispectral MR brain images of a healthy volunteer. The data set included the proton density (PD), T2, T1 weighted spin-echo (SE) bands and a new T1- weighted three dimensional sequence, i.e. the magnetization- prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE). One of the main objectives of this study has been to evaluate the usefulness of brain imaging with the MP-RAGE sequence in view of automatic tissue classification. To this purpose, a quantitative evaluation has been provided on the base of some labeled areas selected interactively by a neuro- radiologist from the input raw images. Quantitative results seem to indicate that the MP-RAGE sequence may provide higher tissue separability than the T1-weighted SE sequence.
Clinical relevance of echocardiogram in patients with cerebral palsy undergoing posterior spinal fusion (2015)

The results suggest that routine preoperative cardiology evaluation via echocardiogram for children with CP in the absence of clinical history or physical examination findings suggestive of cardiac disease is not necessary.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of UV-MALDI matrices and implications of ionization mechanisms (2014)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has been widely used in the mass analysis of biomolecules; however, there are a lot of debates about the ionization mechanisms. Previous studies have indicated that S1-S1 annihilation might be a key process in the generation of primary ions. This study investigates S1-S1 annihilation by examining the time-resolved fluorescence spectra of 12 matrices. No S1-S1 annihilation was observed in six of these matrices (3-hydroxy-picolinic acid, 6-aza-2-thiothymine, 2,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-acetophenone, and ferulic acid). We observed two matrix molecules reacting in an electronically excited state (S1) in five of these matrices (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,5-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid), and S1-S1 annihilation was a possible reaction. Among these five matrices, no S1-S1 annihilation was observed for 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in typical peak power region of nanosecond laser pulses in MALDI, but a very small value of reaction rate constant was observed only in the high peak power region. The excited-state lifetime of sinapinic acid was too short to determine whether the molecules reacted in an electronically excited state. No correlation was observed between the ion generation efficiency of MALDI and S1-S1 annihilation. The results indicate that the proposal of S1-S1 annihilation is unnecessary in MALDI and energy pooling model for MALDI ionization mechanism has to be modified.
Phase transitions in Ge–Sb phase change materials (2009)

Thin films of the phase change material Ge–Sb with Ge concentrations between 7.3 and 81.1 at. % were deposited by cosputtering from elemental targets. Their crystallization behavior was studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray reflectivity, profilometry, optical reflectivity, and resistivity versus temperature measurements. It was found that the crystallization temperature increases with Ge content. Calculations of the glass transition temperature (which is a lower limit for the crystallization temperature Tx) also show an increase with Ge concentration closely tracking the measured values of Tx. For low Ge content samples, Sb x-ray diffraction peaks occurred during a heating ramp at lower temperature than Ge diffraction peaks. The appearance of Ge peaks is related to Ge precipitation and agglomeration. For Ge concentrations of 59.3 at. % and higher, Sb and Ge peaks occurred at the same temperature. Upon crystallization, film mass density and optical reflectivity increase as well as electrical contrast (ratio of resistivity in amorphous phase to crystalline phase) all showed a maximum for the eutectic alloy (14.5 at. % Ge). For the alloy with 59.3 at. % Ge there was very little change in any of these parameters, while the alloy with 81.1 at. % Ge behaved opposite to a typical phase change alloy and showed reduced mass density and reflectivity and increased resistivity.
Common Agency-Based Economic Model for Energy Contract in Electric Vehicle Networks (2020)

The rapid adoption of electric or hybrid vehicles (EVs) has called for wide deployment of charging stations. These stations can be launched/owned by different owners, referred to as charging station providers (CSPs), which make energy contracts with a smart grid provider (SGP). However, there exists a shortage of mutual economic strategy between the SGP and CSPs in an energy request/transfer competition due to the selfish nature among them. In this paper, we propose an economic model leveraging a multi-principal single-agent (referred to as common agency) contract policy, aiming at maximizing the utilities of multiple CSPs while optimizing the utility of the SGP in an EV network. In particular, we first develop the common agency-based contract problem as a non-cooperative energy contract optimization problem, in which each CSP can maximize its utility given the common constraints from the SGP and the contracts of other CSPs. To deal with this problem, we develop an iterative energy contract algorithm to find an equilibrium contract solution where the contracts from the CSPs can produce maximum utilities of the CSPs and satisfy the constraints of the SGP. Through numerical results, we show that our proposed model can improve the social welfare of the EV network up to 54% and the utilities of CSPs up to 60% compared with the baseline method in which each CSP obtains the amount of energy that is proportional to its energy request.
Automated Microflow NMR:  Routine Analysis of Five-Microliter Samples (2005)

A microflow CapNMR probe double-tuned for 1H and 13C was installed on a 400-MHz NMR spectrometer and interfaced to an automated liquid handler. Individual samples dissolved in DMSO-d6 are submitted for NMR analysis in vials containing as little as 10 microL of sample. Sets of samples are submitted in a low-volume 384-well plate. Of the 10 microL of sample per well, as with vials, 5 microL is injected into the microflow NMR probe for analysis. For quality control of chemical libraries, 1D NMR spectra are acquired under full automation from 384-well plates on as many as 130 compounds within 24 h using 128 scans per spectrum and a sample-to-sample cycle time of approximately 11 min. Because of the low volume requirements and high mass sensitivity of the microflow NMR system, 30 nmol of a typical small molecule is sufficient to obtain high-quality, well-resolved, 1D proton or 2D COSY NMR spectra in approximately 6 or 20 min of data acquisition time per experiment, respectively. Implementation of pulse programs with automated solvent peak identification and suppression allow for reliable data collection, even for samples submitted in fully protonated DMSO. The automated microflow NMR system is controlled and monitored using web-based software.