gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Theobroma cacao L. Bean Shell Extract (2019)

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are successfully synthesized through microwave heating by using <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract as a stabilizing and capping agent. Response surface methodology is used to obtain optimal synthesis conditions. The effect of microwave power, irradiation time and amount of Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> are evaluated on crystalline size by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and <i>Z-</i>potential by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) using a central composite design (CCD). Optimal synthesis conditions are determined as 15.6 min, 788.6 W and 0.14 g of sodium selenite using 50 mL of <i>Theobroma cacao L.</i> bean shell extract. The successful biosynthesis of SeNPs is confirmed by UV-visible and Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. The XRD pattern and Raman spectra show the presence of trigonal and amorphous synthesized SeNPs. Spherical SeNPs are observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with a particle size of 1-3 nm in diameter, at least one order of magnitude lower than those previously reported. The obtained SeNPs can be stable up to 55 days at 4 °C. Additionally, the SeNPs show an excellent antioxidant performance by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, with potential application in different sectors, such as food, medical and pharmaceutical.
A Direct Digitizing Chopped Neural Recorder Using a Body-Induced Offset Based DC Servo Loop (2022)

This article presents a direct digitizing neural recorder that uses a body-induced offset based DC servo loop to cancel electrode offset (EDO) on-chip. The bulk of the input pair is used to create an offset, counteracting the EDO. The architecture does not require AC coupling capacitors which enables the use of chopping without impedance boosting while maintaining a large input impedance of 238 M Ω over the whole 10 kHz bandwidth. Implemented in a 180 nm HV-CMOS process, the prototype occupies a silicon area of only 0.02 mm<sup>2</sup> while consuming 12.8 μW and achieving 1.82 μV[Formula: see text] of input-referred noise in the local field potential (LFP) band and a NEF of 5.75.
Differential Biophysical Behaviors of Closely Related Strains of Salmonella (2020)

<i>Salmonella</i> is an important pathogen and is a world-wide threat to food safety and public health. Surveillance of serotypes and fundamental biological and biochemical studies are supported by a wide variety of established and emerging bioanalytical techniques. These include classic serotyping based on the <i>Kauffmann-White</i> nomenclature and the emerging whole genome sequencing strategy. Another emerging strategy is native whole cell biophysical characterization which has yet to be applied to <i>Salmonella</i>. However, this technique has been shown to provide high resolution differentiation of serotypes with several other paired strains of other microbes and pathogens. To demonstrate that biophysical characterization might be useful for Salmonella serotyping, the closely related strains sv. <i>Cubana</i> and sv. <i>Poona</i> were chosen for study. These two serovars were subjected to biophysical measurements on a dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic device that generated full differentiation of the unlabeled and native cells. They were differentiated by the ratio of electrophoretic (EP) to dielectrophoretic (DEP) mobilities. This differentiation factor is 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10<sup>10</sup> V/m<sup>2</sup> for sv. <i>Cubana</i>, versus 2.2 ± 0.3 × 10<sup>10</sup> V/m<sup>2</sup> for sv. <i>Poona</i>. This work shows for the first time the differentiation, concentration, and characterization of the <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes by exploiting their biophysical properties. It may lead to a less expensive and more decentralized new tool and method for microbiologists, complimenting and working in parallel with other characterization methods.
(Invited)Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt for Back End of Line (2017)

Bis(N-tert-butyl-N'-ethylpropionamidinato) cobalt(II) (CoAMD) was evaluated as a precursor for selective deposition of cobalt on Cu versus traditional back end of line (BEOL) dielectric materials. Atomic layer deposition at 165 °C to 265 °C with CoAMD and H2 was performed on Cu, SiO2 and a carbon doped oxide (CDO). Experiments revealed that CoAMD deposits preferentially on Cu, which interacts favorably with AMD ligands, and is least reactive on CDO. Selectivity-enhancing passivants were vapor-deposited to improve ALD selectivity of CoAMD for Cu by silylation of possible dielectric-surface reactive sites, including free-hydroxyl groups and strained siloxane bridges. Trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilizane and bis-dimethylamino dimethylsilane were tested for passivation. Trimethylchlorosilane was most effective at reducing Co nucleation on SiO2 and CDO without hindering Co accumulation on Cu. Hexamethyldisilizane also reduced the surface reactivity of SiO2 and CDO but required considerably higher exposures than trimethylchlorosilane to effect the same passivation.
Genomic and Functional Changes Induced by the Activation of the Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 in the Promyelocytic Cells HL-60 (2000)

The function of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2), which is mainly expressed on hematopoietic cells, remains an enigma. In an attempt to decipher its role, we used Affymetrix DNA chips to investigate the gene expression profile of the promyelocytic cells HL-60 transfected with the CB2 receptor and activated with the cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940. Agonist exposure of these cells led to an activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and a receptor desensitization, indicating a functional coupling of the transfected receptors. At the genomic level, activation of the CB2 receptors induced an up-regulation of nine genes involved in cytokine synthesis, regulation of transcription, and cell differentiation. A majority of them are under the control of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, whose nuclear translocation was demonstrated. Many features of the transcriptional events, reported here for the first time, appeared to be related to an activation of a cell differentiation program, suggesting that CB2 receptors could play a role in the initialization of cell maturation. Moreover, we showed that CB2-activated wild-type HL-60 cells developed properties usually found in host defense effector cells such as an enhanced release of chemotactic cytokines and an increased motility, characteristic of more mature cells of the granulocytic-monocytic lineage.
Engineering Risk Management (2016)

This revised 2nd edition of Engineering Risk Management presents engineering aspects of risk management. After an introduction to potential risks the authors presents management principles, risk diagnostics, analysis and treatments followed by examples of practical implementation in chemistry, physics and emerging technologies such as nanoparticles.
The sensitivity of a method to predict a capacitor's frequency characteristic (2000)

A joint effort between the US Naval Academy and the NIST resulted in the development of a method to characterize the capacitance and dissipation factor of a set of commercial standard four terminal-pair (4TP) capacitors. The method depends on network analyzer impedance measurements at high frequencies (40-200 MHz) and a regression of these measurements down to the frequency range of 10 MHz-1 kHz. This paper provides an analysis of the sensitivity of the regression parameters and the high-frequency impedance measurements.
The Role of Cysteine Partitioning into Glutathione and Methionine Synthesis During Normal and Stress Conditions (2013)

The objective of this research is to study the nature of the competition for cysteine (Cys), the first organic sulfur-containing compound, between its two main metabolites, glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). GSH plays a central role in protecting plants during various stresses, while Met, an essential amino acid, regulates essential processes and metabolites in plant cells through its metabolite S-adenosyl-Met. Our results, which are based on flux analysis and measurements of Met- metabolites, show that the flux towards Met synthesis is high during non-stress conditions, however the flux is significantly reduced under stress conditions, when there is high synthesis of GSH. Under oxidative stress the expression level of the regulatory enzyme of Met synthesis, cystathionine g-synthase (CGS) was reduced. By using three different systems, we have found that that GSH down regulates the expression level of CGS, thus reducing Met synthesis. We have found that this regulation occurs at the post-transcriptional level, and further studies have shown that it occurs at post-translationaly. To reveal how oxidative stress affects the flux towards Met and GSH, flux analysis was performed. We have found that the level of Met is significantly reduced, while the level of glutathione significantly increases during stress. Under stress conditions most of the glutathione is converted from GSH to GSSG (the oxidised form of glutathione). These results suggest that under normal growth conditions, Cys is channelled towards both pathways to support GSH accumulation and the synthesis of growth-essential Met metabolites. However, during oxidative stress, when a high level of GSH is required to protect the plants, the levels of GSH increase while those of CGS are reduced. This reduction leaves more Cys available for GSH synthesis under stress conditions. In addition we have also studied the effects of high GSH level on the transcriptome profile. The analysis revealed that GSH affects the expression level of many major genes coding to enzymes or proteins associated with photosynthesis, starch degradation, hormone metabolism (especially genes associated with jasmonate), biotic stress (especially genes associated with PR-proteins), cytochrome P450 genes, regulation of transcription and signaling (especially genes associated with receptor kinases and calcium). These results suggest that indeed GSH levels affect different pathways and metabolites in plants.
Distinct Wnt Signaling Thresholds Required for Polyposis in the Proximal and Distal Stomach (2022)

Objective The Wnt pathway is critical for gastrointestinal stem cell proliferation. Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) have germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, resulting in dysregulated Wnt signaling and a polyposis syndrome with stark regional differences in disease severity. In the stomach, the proximal corpus contains numerous polyps, while few polyps are located in the distal antrum. Here, we tested the hypothesis that there are regional differences in sensitivity to Wnt signaling along the gastric proximal‐distal axis, and that a ‘just‐right’ level of Wnt signaling is required for gastric polyposis. Methods To model gastric polyp formation in FAP patients, we used mice with an inducible Apc loss‐of‐function mutation. Gastric tissue responses were studied one month after maximal Wnt activation in homozygous Sox2‐CreER T2 ; Apc580 flox/flox (APC ‐/‐ ) and submaximal Wnt activation in heterozygous Sox2‐CreER T2 ; Apc580 flox/+ (APC +/‐ ) mice. To gain insight into regional differences in Wnt response, RNA sequencing was performed on corpus and antral organoids treated with the Wnt inhibitor XAV939. Results In the distal stomach, we observed hyperproliferation and tissue expansion in homozygous APC ‐/‐ mice with no change in heterozygous APC +/‐ mice. In contrast, the proximal stomach did not show an effect in homozygous APC ‐/‐ mice but showed a modest increase in proliferation in heterozygous mice. PCR analysis of APC ‐/‐ tissue confirmed APC gene deletion in the antrum, but not corpus, suggesting regional differences in maintenance of homozygous mutant stem cells. Following acute Wnt inhibition, corpus and antral organoids shared many Wnt‐regulated genes. However, Gene Ontology Enrichment analysis showed genes associated with cell differentiation, cell population proliferation, and cell cycle regulation were upregulated in antral organoids but downregulated in corpus organoids. KEGG analysis indicated downregulation of gastric cancer genes in both tissue organoids; however, only antral organoids showed downregulation of signaling pathways regulating pluripotency. Conclusion The corpus and antrum exhibit differences in the Wnt signaling threshold required to initiate polyposis. Whereas submaximal levels of Wnt signaling are sufficient to initiate growth in the corpus, maximal levels are needed for antral hyperproliferation. Notably, ‘high‐Wnt’ stem cells are retained in the antrum and lost from the corpus, suggesting regional differences in Wnt regulation of gastric stem cells. Our findings in mouse highlight how heterozygous APC mutations may be sufficient for proximal stomach polyposis—a clinically relevant observation, as the vast majority of FAP patient gastric polyps are benign sessile growths located in the proximal stomach, with less frequent antral adenomatous polyps more closely associated with gastric cancer.
Design of PLC-based Control System of Equipment for Spray Forming Tube (2013)

Spray forming is a novel technology to produce near-net-shape metal parts with high performance and lower cost.A control system based on FX3U series PLC was developed to monitor and control the production process of spray forming tube.The structure and working principle of the equipment for spray forming,hardware configuration of the control system,PLC program design and interface design of the touch screen were introduced.Experimental result indicates that the developed control system is reliable to meet the requirement for the automation of spray forming tube.
Can We Treat Respiratory Failure in Friedreich Ataxia? (1997)

After treatment, striking clinical improvement of spastic dysphonia was accompanied by significant diminution in the time spent in periodic breathing and in the number of obstructive and mixed apneas during the night. Controlled studies are needed.
Effect of active ester components on racemization in the synthesis of peptides by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of active ester components on racemization in the synthesis of peptides by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide methodJoan E. Zimmerman and George Washington. AndersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 26, 7151–7152Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01002a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01002a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A method for validating depth-resolved biodistributions in topically-stained specimen with multi-channel fluorescence cryo-imaging (2021)

Fluorescent contrast agents targeted to cancer biomarkers are increasingly being explored for cancer detection, surgical guidance, and response monitoring. Efforts have been underway to topically apply such biomarker-targeted agents to freshly excised specimen for detecting cancer cell receptors on the surface as a method for intraoperative surgical margin assessment, including dual-probe staining methods introduce a second 'non-specific' optical agent as a control to help compensate for heterogeneous uptake and normalize the imaging field. Still, such specimen staining protocols introduce multifaceted complexity with unknown variables, such as tissue-specific diffusion, cell-specific binding and disassociation rates, and other factors, affecting the interpreted cancer-biomarker distribution across the specimen surface. The ability to recover three-dimensional dual-probe biodistributions throughout whole-specimens could offer a ground-truth validation method for examining topical staining uptake behaviors. Herein, we report on a novel method for characterizing dual-probe accumulation with 3D depth-profiles observed from a dual-probe fresh-specimen staining experiment.
6B4 Proteoglycan/Phosphacan, an Extracellular Variant of Receptor-like Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase ζ/RPTPβ, Binds Pleiotrophin/Heparin-binding Growth-associated Molecule (HB-GAM) (1996)

A major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the brain, 6B4 proteoglycan/phosphacan, corresponds to the extracellular region of a receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase, PTPzeta/RPTPbeta. Here, we purified and characterized 6B4 proteoglycan-binding proteins from rat brain. From the CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid) extract of brain microsomal fractions, 18-, 28-, and 40-kDa proteins were specifically isolated using 6B4 proteoglycan-Sepharose. N-terminal amino acid sequencing identified the 18-kDa protein as pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM). Scatchard analysis of 6B4 proteoglycan-pleiotrophin binding revealed low (Kd = 3 nM) and high (Kd = 0.25 nM) affinity binding sites. Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the proteoglycan decreased the binding affinities to a single value (Kd = 13 nM) without changing the number of binding sites. This suggested the presence of two subpopulations of the proteoglycan with different chondroitin sulfate structures. Heparin potently inhibited binding of 6B4 proteoglycan to pleiotrophin (IC50 = 3.5 ng/ml). Heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate C inhibited moderately (IC50 = 150 and 400 ng/ml, respectively), but, in contrast, chondroitin sulfate A and keratan sulfate were poor inhibitors (IC50 > 100 microg/ml). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses indicated that both 6B4 proteoglycan and PTPzeta are located on cortical neurons. Anti-6B4 proteoglycan antibody added to the culture medium suppressed pleiotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons. These results suggested that interaction between 6B4 proteoglycan and pleiotrophin is required for the action of pleiotrophin, and chondroitin sulfate chains on 6B4 proteoglycan play regulatory roles in its binding.
Holographic volume absorption grating in glass-like polymer recording material (2007)

Contribution of the phase and absorption gratings into the total diffraction efficiency has been analysed in polymer recording materials based on poly(methyl methacrylate) containing phenanthrenequinone.
Computer-Based Adaptation Tool for Advanced Diesel Engines Used in Military Applications (2008)

Abstract : The main goal of the project was the development a computer code capable to simulate the operation of a multi-cylinder common rail diesel engine. The code should be used in investigating the possibilities of a commercial engine to be adapted for military applications by increasing the engine output while reducing fuel consumption and assure safe operation of the engine. In the process of developing the simulation model and the corresponding computer code, the critical loading of the engine bearings and the piston assembly were determined by developing detailed models for loading and stresses in the bearings and the piston. Experimental setups were developed to validate the models. To correctly estimate the fuel consumption, a detailed friction simulation model has been developed. Both experimental and analytical investigations were conducted to allow better estimation of the ignition delay, combustion and emissions. The Computer based Adaptation Tool has been built in a modular form in the Matlab-SIMULINK platform. The advantage of this configuration resides in the fact that modules could be replaced as new modules are developed, for example the ignition delay and the combustion modules for different fuels that could be used by the diesel engine. Finally the Computer Based Adaptation Tool has been validated by experiments conducted on a 2.5 liters common rail diesel engine both for steady state operation and for engine transients.
Reply to G. McCleane (2000)

Pain: March 1, 2000 - Volume 85 - Issue 1 - p 311-312 doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00235-3
Long-Tailed Classification of Thorax Diseases on Chest X-Ray: A New Benchmark Study (2022)

Imaging exams, such as chest radiography, will yield a small set of common findings and a much larger set of uncommon findings. While a trained radiologist can learn the visual presentation of rare conditions by studying a few representative examples, teaching a machine to learn from such a "long-tailed" distribution is much more difficult, as standard methods would be easily biased toward the most frequent classes. In this paper, we present a comprehensive benchmark study of the long-tailed learning problem in the specific domain of thorax diseases on chest X-rays. We focus on learning from naturally distributed chest X-ray data, optimizing classification accuracy over not only the common "head" classes, but also the rare yet critical "tail" classes. To accomplish this, we introduce a challenging new long-tailed chest X-ray benchmark to facilitate research on developing long-tailed learning methods for medical image classification. The benchmark consists of two chest X-ray datasets for 19- and 20-way thorax disease classification, containing classes with as many as 53,000 and as few as 7 labeled training images. We evaluate both standard and state-of-the-art long-tailed learning methods on this new benchmark, analyzing which aspects of these methods are most beneficial for long-tailed medical image classification and summarizing insights for future algorithm design. The datasets, trained models, and code are available at https://github.com/VITA-Group/LongTailCXR.
Modeling and control of an LCL filter based three-phase active rectifier in grid emulator (2013)

An active rectifier with an LCL filter has been proved to be an effective approach to suppress switching harmonic current, guarantee unity power factor, and supply reliable dc voltage in power grids. This paper deals with the modeling and control of an active rectifier with low-volume coupled LCL filter for switching ripple attenuation. Specifically, the equivalent circuit model of three-phase three-column coupled inductors is built taking the variation of coupling coefficient into account. Based on the equivalent circuit, the average model of the active rectifier is derived under abc and dq0 coordinates to design a decoupled controller with excellent steady-state and dynamic performance. In addition, the influences of the coupled LCL filter on current total harmonic distortion (THD) and system stability are investigated under both resistive loads and paralleled inverter loads. Simulation and experimental results from a 30 kVA prototype verify the validity of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the designed controller.