gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Further Investigations into the Nature of Salt Spheres and Inorganic Structures at the Crude Oil−Water Interface (2010)

A number of factors are known to contribute to and enhance water-in-crude oil emulsion stability. Organic-based and naturally occurring materials (e.g., asphaltenes, resins, naphthenic acids, waxes, etc.) have received a great deal of attention regarding their role in stabilizing and, at times, destabilizing petroleum-based emulsions. While these materials are known to reside at the oil−water interface, inorganic constituents are likewise known to contribute to emulsion stability and have been shown to also reside at the oil−water interface. To study the inorganic components in unresolved oilfield emulsions, numerous field samples were subjected to the American Society for Testing and Materials D4807-88 procedure that involves a hot toluene filtration. This method effectively removes the organic phase and isolates the inorganic components that may have also played a role in emulsion stabilization. The residual inorganic residues were initially characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Following up on the initial report where several samples contained highly organized inorganic structures, called salt spheres or salt scaffolds, this study takes a closer look into their compositional makeup using enhanced EDS capability with the addition of digital compositional mapping (DCM). Salts with low solubility-product constants appear to outline once existent water-in-crude oil droplets and, thus, may have played a key role in emulsion stabilization. Sodium chloride crystals often dominate the interior of these structures, and it is this entity that upon further examination was found to be unstable with regard to prolonged exposure to humidity. In comparison to dry or treated sales oils, inorganic solid levels from the oil−water interface of two oilfield separators were found to be considerably higher, with one of the samples containing an abundance of well-defined salt spheres. By use of the DCM technique, the separator sample was shown to contain salt spheres with an outer coating of strontium sulfate.
High resolution 2D time frequency representation of radar micro-Doppler pedestrian signal (2013)

In this paper, a modified 2D time-frequency minimum variance spectral estimation method has been applied to non-stationary micro-Doppler signal of radar targets. Pulse Doppler radar has been employed to capture returns from targets possessing vibrating sub-parts which cause micro-Doppler phenomenon. The aim is to obtain a high resolution time-frequency representation of the acquired micro-Doppler radar signal for use in feature extraction for the purpose of automatic radar target recognition.
An artificial life approach for investigating the emergence of a Theory of Mind based on a functional model of the brain (2011)

In social interactions human can behave cooperatively by estimating the intention of others and predicting their behavior. Understanding of others as having intentional states such as beliefs and desires is called Theory of Mind (ToM). This paper proposes a computational framework based on a Functional Parts Combination model (FPC model) for investigating the emergence of a ToM through adaptation in both evolutionary and individual-learning time scales. The FPC model is based on the neuroscientific fact that each cerebral cortical area has a different role and is selectively activated depending on the task. It consists of a set of functional parts and activation signals specifying selectively activated patterns. As a first step, this paper reports on the computer simulations which focused on the learning of the activation signals using a hunter task as a task to be solved by the agents. The simulation demonstrated a scenario for bootstrapping ToM as the emergence of the partial-networks of functional parts in the brain model based on the interactions between the levels of ToM.
Heat Hyperalgesia and Mechanical Hypersensitivity Induced by Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in a Mouse Model of Neurofibromatosis (2014)

This study examined whether mice with a deficiency of neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase activating protein, exhibit a nociceptive phenotype and probed a possible contribution by calcitonin gene-related peptide. In the absence of inflammation, Nf1+/- mice (B6.129S6 Nf1<tm1Fcr>/J) and wild type littermates responded comparably to heat or mechanical stimuli, except for a subtle enhanced mechanical sensitivity in female Nf1+/- mice. Nociceptive phenotype was also examined after inflammation induced by capsaicin and formalin, which release endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide. Intraplantar injection of capsaicin evoked comparable heat hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity in Nf1+/- and wild type mice of both genders. Formalin injection caused a similar duration of licking in male Nf1+/- and wild type mice. Female Nf1+/- mice licked less than wild type mice, but displayed other nociceptive behaviors. In contrast, intraplantar injection of CGRP caused greater heat hyperalgesia in Nf1+/- mice of both genders compared to wild type mice. Male Nf1+/- mice also exhibited greater mechanical hypersensitivity; however, female Nf1+/- mice exhibited less mechanical hypersensitivity than their wild type littermates. Transcripts for calcitonin gene-related peptide were similar in the dorsal root ganglia of both genotypes and genders. Transcripts for receptor activity-modifying protein-1, which is rate-limiting for the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, in the spinal cord were comparable for both genotypes and genders. The increased responsiveness to intraplantar calcitonin gene-related peptide suggests that the peripheral actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide are enhanced as a result of the neurofibromin deficit. The analgesic efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists may therefore merit investigation in neurofibromatosis patients.
The role of antecedent groundwater heads in controlling transient aquifer storage and flood peak attenuation in karst watersheds (2018)

Abstract Transient storage of floodwaters in aquifers is known to attenuate peak flows in rivers and drive subsurface dissolution. Transient aquifer storage could be enhanced in watersheds overlying karst aquifers where caves facilitate surface and groundwater exchange. Few studies, however, have examined controls on, or magnitudes of, transient aquifer storage or flood peak attenuation in karstic watersheds. Here we evaluate flood peak attenuation with multiple linear regression analyses of 10 years of river and groundwater data from the Suwannee River, which flows over the karstic upper Floridan aquifer in north‐central Florida and experiences frequent flooding. Regressions show antecedent river stage exerts the dominant control on magnitudes of transient aquifer storage, with recharge and time to peak having secondary controls. Specifically, low antecedent stages result in larger magnitudes of transient aquifer storage and thus greater flood attenuation than conditions of elevated antecedent stage. These findings suggest subsurface weathering, including cave formation and enlargement, caused by transient aquifer storage could occur on a more frequent basis in aquifers where groundwater table elevation is lowered due to anthropogenic or climatic influences. Our work also shows that measures of groundwater table elevation prior to an event could be used to improve predictive flood models. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Deep‐Learning‐Based Neural Tissue Segmentation of MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Training Set Size (2019)

1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1487-1496.
An electrochemical investigation of the dissolution of copper, nickel and copper-nickel alloys in ammonium carbonate solution (1975)

The dissolution of copper and nickel in ammonium carbonate solution was studied by techniques involving electrcchemical anodic dissolution and ring-disc electrodes. The rate of oxidation of both copper and nickel by copper (11) was shown to be controlled mainly by diffusion to the surface. Variations in rate with changes in copper (11) concentration, agitation, pH, ammonia concentration, temperature, and copper (I) concentration were investigated and rationalized in terms of their effects on the electrochemical half-reactions involved. Evidence was found for the passivation of nickel and nickel-copper alloys of more than 50 per cent nickel.
Human on-line response to visual and motor target expansion (2006)

The components of graphical user interfaces can be made to dynamically expand as the cursor approaches, providing visually appealing effects. Expansion can be implemented in a variety of ways: in some cases the targets expand visually while maintaining a constant smaller motor-space for selection; and in others both the visual and motor-spaces of the objects are enlarged. Previous research by McGuffin &amp; Balakrishnan [15], and confirmed by Zhai et al. [19], has shown that enlarged motor-space expansion improves acquisition performance. It remains unclear, however, what proportion of the performance improvement is due to the enlarged motor-space, and what to the confirmation of the over-target state provided by visual expansion. We report on two experiments which indicate that for small targets, visual expansion in unaltered motor-space results in similar performance gains to enlarged motor-spaces. These experiments are based on tasks where users are unable to anticipate the behaviour of the targets. Implications for commercial use of visual expansion in unaltered motor-space are discussed.
Combined Platelet and Erythrocyte Salvage: Evaluation of a New Filtration-based Autotransfusion Device (2021)

Background The SAME device (i-SEP, France) is an innovative filtration-based autotransfusion device able to salvage and wash both red blood cells and platelets. This study evaluated the device performances using human whole blood with the hypothesis that the device will be able to salvage platelets while achieving a erythrocyte yield of 80% and removal ratios of 90% for heparin and 80% for major plasma proteins without inducing signification activation of salvaged cells. Methods Thirty healthy human whole blood units (median volume, 478 ml) were diluted, heparinized, and processed by the device in two consecutive treatment cycles. Samples from the collection reservoir and the concentrated blood were analyzed. Complete blood count was performed to measure blood cell recovery rates. Flow cytometry evaluated the activation state and function of platelets and leukocytes. Heparin and plasma proteins were measured to assess washing performance. Results The global erythrocyte yield was 88.1% (84.1 to 91.1%; median [25th to 75th]) with posttreatment hematocrits of 48.9% (44.8 to 51.4%) and 51.4% (48.4 to 53.2%) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Ektacytometry did not show evidence of erythrocyte alteration. Platelet recovery was 36.8% (26.3 to 43.4%), with posttreatment counts of 88 × 10 9 /l (73 to 101 × 10 9 /l) and 115 × 10 9 /l (95 to 135 × 10 9 /l) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Recovered platelets showed a low basal P-selectin expression at 10.8% (8.1 to 15.2%) and a strong response to thrombin-activating peptide. Leukocyte yield was 93.0% (90.1 to 95.7%) with no activation or cell death. Global removal ratios were 98.3% (97.8 to 98.9%), 98.2% (96.9 to 98.8%), and 88.3% (86.6 to 90.7%) for heparin, albumin, and fibrinogen, respectively. The processing times were 4.4 min (4.2 to 4.6 min) and 4.4 min (4.2 to 4.7 min) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated the performance of the SAME device. Platelets and red blood cells were salvaged without significant impact on cell integrity and function. In the meantime, leukocytes were not activated, and the washing quality of the device prevented reinfusion of high concentrations of heparin and plasma proteins. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Minimizing the risk of occupational Q fever exposure: A protocol for ensuring Coxiella burnetii–negative pregnant ewes are used for medical research (2020)

Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> that can lead to abortion, endocarditis, and death in humans. Researchers utilizing parturient domestic ruminants, including sheep, have an increased risk of occupational exposure. This study evaluated the effectiveness of our screening protocol in eliminating <i>C. burnetii</i>-positive sheep from our facility. From August 2010 to May 2018, all ewes (<i>N</i> = 306) and select lambs (<i>N</i> = 272; <i>ovis aries</i>) were screened twice for <i>C. burnetii</i> utilizing a serum Phase I and Phase II antibody immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The first screen was performed by the vendor prior to breeding, and the second screen was performed on arrival to the research facility. Ewes that were positive on arrival screening were quarantined and retested using repeat IFA serology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, buffy coat polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and amniotic fluid PCR. The overall individual seroprevalence of <i>C. burnetii</i> in the flocks tested by the vendor was 14.2%. Ewes with negative Phase I and Phase II IFA results were selected for transport to the research facility. Upon arrival to the facility, two (0.7%) ewes had positive Phase I IFA results. Repeat testing demonstrated seropositivity in one of these two ewes, though amniotic fluid PCR was negative in both. The repeat seropositive ewe was euthanized prior to use in a research protocol. No Q fever was reported among husbandry, laboratory or veterinary staff during the study period. Serologic testing for <i>C. burnetii</i> with IFA prior to transport and following arrival to a research facility limits potential exposure to research staff.
Measuring energy conversion in near-Earth space plasmas with MMS (2018)

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Asymmetric syntheses of (-)-cycloocten-3-ol and (-)-3-deuteriocyclooctene via nucleophilic attack on (.eta.3-cyclooctenyl)molybdenum complexes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric syntheses of (-)-cycloocten-3-ol and (-)-3-deuteriocyclooctene via nucleophilic attack on (.eta.3-cyclooctenyl)molybdenum complexesJ. W. Faller and Kuo Hua ChaoCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 6, 927–932Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00084a018https://doi.org/10.1021/om00084a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Safe Hardware Access with the Xen Virtual Machine Monitor (2007)

The Xen virtual machine monitor allows multiple operating systems to execute concurrently on commodity x86 hard-ware, providing a solution for server consolidation and util-ity computing. In our initial design, Xen itself contained device-driver code and provided safe shared virtual device access. In this paper we present our new Safe Hardware Interface, an isolation architecture used within the latest release of Xen which allows unmodied device drivers to be shared across isolated operating system instances, while protecting individual OSs, and the system as a whole, from driver failure. 1
Presa in carico precoce del bambino ipoacusico (2016)

The implementation of regional protocols for newborn hearing screening and early audiologic diagnosis represent the first step of the entire diagnostic, rehabilitative and prosthetic programme for children with permanent hearing impairment. The maximum benefit of early diagnosis can indeed be obtained only by prompt rehabilitation aimed at fostering the child's communicative, linguistic and cognitive development. Within the framework of the CMM 2013 project of the Ministry of Health entitled "Preventing Communication Disorders: a Regional Program for Early Identification, Intervention and Care of Hearing Impaired Children", the problems concerning the promotion of the global development of children with PHI through an early rehabilitation project based on shared knowledge and scientific evidence. In this project, our specific aim was to define the features and modes of access to a precise and specialised rehabilitation project for the small hearing-impaired child within three months from audiologic diagnosis. Three main recommendations relative to assessment and rehabilitation aspects of early care emerged from the study.
The STAT5 inhibitor pimozide decreases survival of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells resistant to kinase inhibitors (2011)

The transcription factor STAT5 is an essential mediator of the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In CML, the BCR/ABL fusion kinase causes the constitutive activation of STAT5, thereby driving the expression of genes promoting survival. BCR/ABL kinase inhibitors have become the mainstay of therapy for CML, although CML cells can develop resistance through mutations in BCR/ABL. To overcome this problem, we used a cell-based screen to identify drugs that inhibit STAT-dependent gene expression. Using this approach, we identified the psychotropic drug pimozide as a STAT5 inhibitor. Pimozide decreases STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation, although it does not inhibit BCR/ABL or other tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, pimozide decreases the expression of STAT5 target genes and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in CML cell lines. Pimozide also selectively inhibits colony formation of CD34(+) bone marrow cells from CML patients. Importantly, pimozide induces similar effects in the presence of the T315I BCR/ABL mutation that renders the kinase resistant to presently available inhibitors. Simultaneously inhibiting STAT5 with pimozide and the kinase inhibitors imatinib or nilotinib shows enhanced effects in inhibiting STAT5 phosphorylation and in inducing apoptosis. Thus, targeting STAT5 may be an effective strategy for the treatment of CML and other myeloproliferative diseases.
A Control Scheme for an AC-DC Single-Stage Buck-Boost PFC Converter with Improved Output Ripple Reduction (2012)

Preoperative localization of functionally eloquent cortex (functional cortical mapping) is common clinical practice in order to avoid or reduce postoperative morbidity. This review aims at providing a general overview of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) based methods and their clinical role as compared to common alternatives for functional cortical mapping of (1) verbal language function, (2) sensorimotor cortex, (3) memory, (4) visual, and (5) auditory cortex. We highlight strengths, weaknesses and limitations of these functional cortical mapping modalities based on findings in the recent literature. We also compare their performance relative to other non-invasive functional cortical mapping methods, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and to invasive methods like the intracarotid Amobarbital Test (WADA-Test) or intracranial investigations.
Global estimation of phase using double homodyne detection and single photons (2017)

A double homodyne measurement implements phase estimation for arbitrary phase values, without prior information, optimising precision for path-symmetric probe states with defined photon number. We demonstrated the method’s precision and accuracy experimentally, using single-photon probes.
Quantized MIMO: Channel Capacity and Spectrospatial Power Distribution (2022)

Millimeter wave systems suffer from high power consumption and are constrained to use low resolution quantizers --digital to analog and analog to digital converters (DACs and ADCs). However, low resolution quantization leads to reduced data rate and increased out-of-band emission noise. In this paper, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with linear transceivers using low resolution DACs and ADCs is considered. An information-theoretic analysis of the system to model the effect of quantization on spectrospatial power distribution and capacity of the system is provided. More precisely, it is shown that the impact of quantization can be accurately described via a linear model with additive independent Gaussian noise. This model in turn leads to simple and intuitive expressions for spectrospatial power distribution of the transmitter and a lower bound on the achievable rate of the system. Furthermore, the derived model is validated through simulations and numerical evaluations, where it is shown to accurately predict both spectral and spatial power distributions.
Video coding mechanism to predict video traffic in ATM networks (2002)

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) was proposed as a transport technique for B-ISDN. The main goal of this proposal was to provide flexibility to B-ISDN supporting a high variety of traffic. To avoid congestion in the ATM network users' traffic has to be predicted. Video is a special variable bit rate (VBR) traffic which is not easily predicted. To meet the requirements of video traffic we suggest its virtual separation from the other traffic types and it will be treated as a video virtual network (VVN) in ATM. Our goal was to find a way to predict VBR-video traffic to achieve the best VVN support. We propose a video shaped buffer (VSB) coding mechanism to be implemented in the video coders maintaining an acceptable delay and a better image quality. With the traffic parameters provided by the VSB mechanism we present the video Markov prediction model (VMPM). With this prediction, and the VVN approach, one can allocate and control network resources for video traffic according to its own characteristics. Besides, network operation, maintenance and control are improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Power Requirements for Traversing Uneven Roadways (1978)

SUMMARY Vehicles which travel on uneven roadways or rough surfaces require power beyond that associated with air drag, rolling resistance or other sources of friction even though kinetic and potential energy may be conserved on the average. This is true because damped relative motions within the vehicle dissipate energy, and, even for nearly rigid vehicles, energy is lost at impact with the ground whenever the vehicle loses contact with the ground surface due to the finite downward acceleration of gravity. Using elementary vehicle models, the nature and magnitude of the component of propulsive force associated with these energy loss mechanisms is estimated. In certain speed ranges, this force is found to vary dramatically with speed for several types of periodic roadway profiles studied. While the force due to unevennesss may be small compared to other forces for high-speed vehicles operating on smooth surfaces, it can be the major source of required power for off-road vehicles operating on very rough terrain.