gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperleucinosis during infections in maple syrup urine disease post liver transplantation (2021)

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is due to biallelic variants in one of the three genes: <i>BCKDHA</i>, <i>BCKDHB</i>, and <i>DBT.</i> Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deficiency and elevated leucine, valine, isoleucine and alloisoleucine in body fluids are the results. We report hyperleucinosis during intercurrent illnesses in six patients with MSUD post liver transplantation. Patient charts were retrospectively reviewed. Data was entered into an Excel Database. Literature was reviewed. Six patients with MSUD were included who had post liver transplantation hyperleucinosis during an intercurrent illness. Five had encephalopathy. One received hemodialysis for the management of hyperleucinosis. All patients had unrestricted diet. Additionally, there were five patients (one patient included into the current study) reported in the literature. We suggested management considerations for the follow-up of patients with MSUD post liver transplantation after the first episode of unexplained encephalopathy or signs of acute hyperleucinosis during intercurrent illness due to our clinical experience: 1) Healthy: Unrestricted diet and monitoring of leucine levels; 2) Illness: a) home illness management: increased carbohydrate intake b) illness management at hospital: intravenous dextrose, intravenous lipid and daily plasma amino acid monitoring. We report hyperleucinosis and/or encephalopathy as a rare event post liver transplantation in MSUD as a multicenter case series. Hyperleucinosis and/or encephalopathy may occur in both related and unrelated donor liver transplantation. Based on the long-term follow-up of those patients, these suggested management considerations may be revised as per the patients' needs.
Design of a Compact Two-Mode Multi/Demultiplexer Consisting of Multimode Interference Waveguides and a Wavelength-Insensitive Phase Shifter for Mode-Division Multiplexing Transmission (2012)

A compact two-mode (de)multiplexer (TM-MUX) based on Si nanowire for mode-division multiplexing is designed. The TM-MUX is composed of two multimode interference (MMI) waveguides and a butterfly-shape tapered phase shifter between two MMI waveguides. Numerical simulations show that the designed device is compact compared with conventional-mode (de)multiplexer and operates as a TM-MUX in the whole C-band. In addition, we show that the designed TM-MUX has relatively good fabrication tolerance.
Java Management Extensions for application management (2001)

Modern enterprise systems are composed of both centralized and distributed applications. Many of these applications are business-critical, creating the need for their control and management by existing management systems. A single suite of uniform instrumentation for manageability is needed to make this cost-effective. The Java™ Management Extensions Agent and Instrumentation Specification, v 1.0, describes an isolation layer between an information technology resource and an arbitrary (enterprise-specific) set of management interfaces and systems. It includes a simple, yet sophisticated and extensible management agent that can accommodate communication with private or acquired enterprise management systems. The application programming interface is simple enough that manageability can be achieved in three to five lines of code. Yet, it is flexible enough that complex, distributed applications can be managed, allowing management of Java technologies as well as management through Java technologies. This paper includes an overview of application management issues and technologies. The JMX technology and application program interfaces are discussed in depth using examples pertinent to today's application developer.
Stepper focus characterization using diffraction from latent images (1993)

We present a novel technique for the rapid, nondestructive evaluation of the contrast of the latent image in photoresist. Measurements are made of the intensity of light diffracted from a grating pattern in exposed, undeveloped photoresist, the so-called latent image. Optimum exposure tool parameters such as exposure tool dose and focus can be determined based on the intensity of light diffracted into specific orders. Employing the proposed technique, measurements can be made sufficiently fast to allow rapid control of the exposure conditions, such as focus, which influences image contrast. The measurement can be made after an exposure, and corrections to focus for subsequent exposures may be derived to compensate for changing optical or mechanical properties of the wafer. The technique may be used with a variety of photoresist materials on different substrates.
Radial yield variations in semiconductor wafers (1987)

Detailed examination of yield data from several different products in two different technologies and two different wafer sizes has shown a pronounced radial dependence. In all cases, the yield profile has a distinct knee starting at about 10 mm from the wafer periphery, dropping steeply within the final 5 mm. The similarity in yield profile near the periphery across all the products examined suggests that edge yield loss is of a gross nature and is not caused by design, technology, wafer size, or random defects.
Assessing the Parasight-F test in northeastern Papua, Indonesia, an area of mixed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission. (2002)

User-friendly, reliable, and inexpensive methods for diagnosing malaria are needed at the primary health care level. During a randomized treatment trial, the Parasight-F test was assessed on days 0, 3, 7, and 28 against standard light microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick blood smears for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in patients with P. falciparum (n = 84) or P. vivax (n = 59) malaria. The median P. falciparum parasite count on day 0 was 2,373/microL (range = 20-74,432/microL). At the start of treatment, the Parasight-F test had a sensitivity of 95.2% (80 of 84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.2-98.7), and a specificity of 94.9% (56 of 59; 95% CI = 85.8-98.9). On day 7, this test showed false-positive results in 17 (16.3%) of 104 patients (95% CI = 9.8-24.9). The Parasight-F test performed well when compared with light microscopy in detecting P. falciparum parasitemia in patients presenting with clinical malaria. However, the high false-positive rate on day 7 limits its use for patient follow-up.
Growth of Six Different Crystals of the Versatile Host Compound 1,1‘-Binaphthyl-2,2‘-dicarboxylic Acid from Solutions in 1,4-Dioxane (2006)

The six different crystals of the versatile clathrate host racemic 1,1‘-binaphthyl-2,2‘-dicarboxylic acid (BNDA) that are obtained from its solution in 1,4-dioxane at varying crystallization temperatures from 15 to 35 °C are reported. They involve four solvates (1, 2BNDA/dioxane; 2, BNDA/dioxane; 3, 2BNDA/2dioxane; 4, BNDA/2dioxane), one mixed 1,4-dioxane solvate with water (5, BNDA/3dioxane/H3O+), and one guest-free form. The framework structures are characterized by 0D associates (1, 3, and 4) that either include (3, 4) or don't include (1) guest molecules and by 1D zigzag chains with (5) or without (2) participation of guest molecules. The pseudotetramorphic solvates 1−4 are formed in accordance with a previously formulated rule for pseudopolymorphic clathrates, which is as follows: (i) the guest:host ratio decreases as the crystallization temperature increases, and (ii) the higher the formation temperature of the clathrate modification, the closer the space occupied by guest molecules.
Transcriptional regulation of the macs1-fadD1 operon encoding two acyl-CoA synthases involved in the physiological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor (2006)

The long-chain acyl-CoA synthase (ACS) FadD1 plays an important role in timing the levels of antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor. fadD1 and macs1, encoding a putative medium-chain ACS, are part of a two-gene operon, whose expression is induced during the stationary phase of growth. Here it is reported that transcription of the macs1-fadD1 operon is positively regulated by AcsR, a LuxR-type transcriptional regulator. In an acsR mutant, expression of the macs1-fadD1 genes loses its normal up-regulation and the mutant becomes deficient in antibiotic production, in a clear correlation with the phenotype shown by a fadD1 null mutant. The absence of macs1-fadD1 induction in the acsR mutant was restored by complementation with a wild-type copy of the acsR gene, showing a strict link between AcsR and induction of the macs1-fadD1 operon. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting indicated that AcsR binds to specific sequences about +162 nucleotides downstream of the macs1 transcriptional start site. In the putative operator sequence three almost identical direct tandem repeats of seven nucleotides were identified where the central sequence is essential for AcsR recognition and binding. Transcriptional fusions of the divergent pacsR and pmacs1 promoters indicated that AcsR does not regulate its own transcription, and that it binds to the operator region to control exclusively the growth-phase induction of the macs1-fadD1 operon.
Excretion of Dietary Cow's Milk Derived Peptides Into Breast Milk (2019)

Nanoflow-HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to analyze the peptide fraction of breast milk samples collected from a single non-atopic donor on different days (10 samples) after receiving an oral load of cow's milk (by drinking 200 mL of bovine milk). In addition, breast milk was sampled from the same lactating mother over a 6-h period at five time points after drinking cow's milk. We aimed to trace the intra-individual variability and to define a time profile of the excretion of dietary peptides into breast milk. Overall, 21 peptides exclusively originating from both bovine caseins and whey proteins with no match within the human milk proteome were identified in the breast milk samples. These peptides were missing in the breast milk obtained from the mother after a prolonged milk- and dairy-free diet (three samples). The time course of cow's milk-derived β-Lg f(125-135) and β-casein f(81-92) in breast milk was determined from the MS ion intensity of the peptide signals. No intact cow's milk gene products were detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and Western blotting with anti-β-Lg antibody, but dot-blot analysis confirmed the occurrence of β-Lg fragments in the enriched peptide fraction of breast milk. These data suggest shifting the analytical perspective for the detection of dietary food allergens in breast milk from intact proteins to digested peptide fragments. The possible sensitization and elicitation potential or the tolerogenic properties of such low amounts of dietary peptides for the breastfed newborns remain to be explored.
Overcooked agar solutions: impact on the structural and mechanical properties of agar gels (2016)

Thermoreversible hydrogels are commonly prepared by cooling down to ambient temperature, aqueous polymer solutions first brought to a boil. The incubation time of the polymer solution at such a high temperature is traditionally kept to a minimum to minimize its impact on the subsequent gelation. Here we study the effect of a prolonged heating of a 1.5\% w/w agar solution at $T=80^{\circ}$C, well above the gelling temperature. The incubation time $\mathcal{T}$ of the polysaccharide solution is varied from a few hours up to five days. We show that the agar solution ages as the result of both the hydrolysis and the intramolecular oxidation of the polysaccharides. As a consequence, both the viscosity and the pH of the solution decrease continuously during the incubation period. Furthermore, samples withdrew at different incubation times are cooled down to form gels which structure and mechanical properties are systematically determined. Cryo-microscopy and X-ray diffraction experiments reveal that agar gels formed from solutions of increasing incubation times, display a coarser microstructure composed of micron-sized foils which result from the condensation of the polysaccharides and contrast with the fibrous-like microstructure of gels prepared from a fresh agar solution. Along with structural changes, a prolonged incubation time of the polymer solution at $T=80^{\circ}$C leads to weaker agar gels of significantly lower shear elastic modulus. Moreover, extensive macro-indentation experiments coupled to direct visualization show that increasing the incubation time of the agar solution up to a few days decreases the yield strain of the gel, while the rupture scenario turns continuously from brittle to ductile-like. Our study suggests that the incubation time of agar solutions at high temperature could be used to tune the mechanical properties of agar-based gels.
Low-drive-power asymmetric Mach-Zehnder modulator with band-limited operation (1991)

A novel 2*2 asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator is fabricated on Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide and tested at microwave frequency. Band-limited operation was realized by using a traveling-wave periodic polarity reversed structure with the asymmetric strip line as the modulator electrode instead of the conventional coplanar waveguide. For a modulator with a three-section polarity reversed electrode, a 3-dB bandwidth of 7 GHz was obtained experimentally from 9 to 16 GHz centered at 12 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immersive virtual reality in computational chemistry: Applications to the analysis of QM and MM data (2016)

The role of Virtual Reality (VR) tools in molecular sciences is analyzed in this contribution through the presentation of the Caffeine software to the quantum chemistry community. Caffeine, developed at Scuola Normale Superiore, is specifically tailored for molecular representation and data visualization with VR systems, such as VR theaters and helmets. Usefulness and advantages that can be gained by exploiting VR are here reported, considering few examples specifically selected to illustrate different level of theory and molecular representation.
Innovative Use of Locally Produced Inputs to Improve Plant Growth, Crop Quality, and Grower Profitability in Hawai’i (2012)

Reducing grower reliance on off-island inputs to promote plant nutrition was identified by industry as a high priority in efforts to improve agricultural sustainability in Hawai’i. A variety of knowledge gaps exist that prevent producers from using locally produced amendments in the fertility program. This study will focus on recent transdisciplinary efforts at the University of Hawai’i to improve understanding of factors that affect variability in the quality, application, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of locally produced composts, vermicomposts, rendered animal products, and algae in Hawai’i. A series of greenhouse, experiment station, and on-farm trials have supported several conclusions, including 1) aqueous extracts of vermicomposts and high-quality, farmer-produced thermophilic composts can effectively improve crop growth and reduce costs associated with the use of these inputs; 2) replacement of peat and other imports with local materials in vegetable seedling production have the potential to improve seedling vigor and reduce costs in the long term; 3) commercially produced rendered meat products, alone and in combination with commercial composts, are a valuable local source of nitrogen (N); and 4) invasive algae from coral reef remediation may provide a significant source of potassium (K) in the near term, but K content of algae is highly dependent on species and location of growth.
Measurement of glomerular filtration rate by fluorescent excitation of non-radioactive meglumine iothalamate. (1975)

The clearance of non-radioactive meglumine Iothalamate (Conray 60), assayed by fluorescent excitation analysis, has been shown to be a good indicator of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Investigations in rats by the constant infusion technique showed a good correlation with insulin clearance. In a group of ten children and one adult, we obtained excellent agreement between GFR determinations by clearance of Conray 60 and I-125 sodium Iothalamate, using the single injection technique, and taking samples from 10 min to 4 hr after injection. The decay curve was resolved into two exponential components. We have also shown that the 3 and 4 hr samples, fitted to a single exponential function, yield good agreement with GFR determinations using a double exponential model. The GFR determination method presented here is accurate, simple, cost effective, and involves no radiation exposure to the patient.
Interplay of Phospholipase A2 with S-Layer-Supported Lipid Monolayers (2003)

The present study reports on the enzymatic interplay of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on a monolayer composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) in the absence and presence of a recrystallized monomolecular layer of the bacterial cell surface (S-layer) protein SbpA. The PLA2-induced hydrolysis of plain and SbpA-supported DMPE monolayers was monitored by the decay of the surface pressure Π. The same duration of the lag period was observed with SbpA-supported and the corresponding plain DMPE monolayer. The results indicate that the isoporous S-layer protein lattice represents no barrier for the PLA2 diffusing from the bulk to the monolayer surface. This supposition was also confirmed by size exclusion experiments. Most important, the recrystallization of SbpA does not induce defects in the DMPE monolayer from which the PLA2 can benefit. With an S-layer-supported DMPE monolayer, a drop in Π was also observed, but since there are two contributions to Π (SbpA and DMPE monolayer), this parameter decreased to the value for an SbpA monolayer on the air/water interface. The observed results suggest that the prevalent proportion of the DMPE molecules remains in a physicochemical state that allows recognition by PLA2. Thus, S-layer proteins are suitable structures to support lipid films and membranes, and they constitute promising building blocks for new nanotechnological and biomimetic applications for functional lipid membranes.
Electrospinning of ultrafine PVDF/PC fibers from their dispersed solutions (2009)

Abstract Dispersed solutions of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polycarbonate (PC) in the mixed solvent of N,N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) were used to electrospin in order to discuss the relationship between the properties of the polymer dispersions and the morphology of the obtained ultrafine fibers. With the changes of the mass ratio of PVDF/PC, the relative molecular mass of PVDF, and the volume ratio of DMF/THF, the morphology and the microstructure of the prepared PVDF/PC ultrafine fibers altered in accord with the viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity of the PVDF/PC dispersions. When the PVDF/PC mass ratio varied from 9/1 to 5/5, the ability of the polymer chain entanglement in PVDF/PC dispersion decreased as to the lower relative molecular mass of PC and higher chain rigidity, which lead to the formation of the beaded fibers together with the distinct core/shell structure. Similar phenomenon was also found when the lower molecular mass of PVDF was used instead of a higher one. Though the change of DMF/THF volume ratio did not specifically contribute to the properties of PVDF/PC dispersions, the accelerated evaporation and solubility of the mixed solvent by the THF amount increasing was feasible to generate the uniform fibrous morphology and the distinct core/shell structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 372–380, 2010
Let Time Domain Response Provide Additional Insight into Network Behavior (1984)

Traditional vector network analyzers, measuring magnitude and phase of network characteristics as a function of frequency, have proven invaluable in design, testing, and metrology applications. The ability to now evaluate network responses as a function of time following application of a step or impulse stimulus provides substantial important data for network analysis. This paper describes time-domain testing fundamentals and then presents numerous practical examples of the value of both time-domain measurements and simultaneous time- and frequency-domain testing.
Closed-loop Feedback Control of Methohexital Anesthesia by Quantitative EEG Analysis in Humans (1987)

A combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model of methohexital was used to establish and evaluate feedback control of methohexital anesthesia in 13 volunteers. The median frequency of the EEG power spectrum served as the pharmacodynamic variable constituting feedback. Median frequency values from 2-3 Hz were chosen as the desired EEG level (set-point). In 11 volunteers, the feedback system succeeded in maintaining a satisfactory depth of anesthesia (i.e., unresponsiveness to verbal commands and tactile stimuli). During feedback control, 75% of all measured median frequency values were in the preset range of 2-3 Hz. This distribution of median frequency was obtained by applying random stimulation (six different acoustic and tactile stimuli) to the volunteers approximately every 1.5 min. The decrease of median frequency from baseline to anesthetic values was primarily induced by increasing the fractional power in the frequency band of 0.5-2 Hz from 12.6 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SD) to 46.0 +/- 2.5%. The median time to recovery (as defined by opening eyes on command) after cessation of the feedback control period was 20.6 min (10.7-44.5 min) when median EEG frequency was 5.2 Hz (4.7-8.4 Hz). The average requirement of methohexital (mean +/- SD) during the 2 h was 1.02 +/- 0.16 g. It is concluded that pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models of intravenous anesthetics established previously may be used to form a suitable background for model-based feedback control of anesthesia by quantitative EEG analysis. This approach gives a possible solution to the problem of adapting pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to individuals when using population mean data as starting values for drug therapy.
La importancia regional de la biodiversidad y su ambiente en un curso de formación docente (2015)

En el marco del Programa Nacional de Formación Permanente, se diseña y se implementa el curso Importancia regional de la biodiversidad y su ambiente, dirigido a docentes de la Escuela Secundaria de la provincia de Salta con el objetivo de propiciar una integración de la Biología, la Física y la Química. En esta propuesta, la Didáctica de estas Ciencias, articula el desarrollo de contenidos en relación a los seres vivos, el ambiente y la sociedad. Concretamente, se abordan problemáticas regionales como cambio climático, pérdida de biodiversidad, bioinvasiones, contaminación y usos tecnológicos del suelo y el agua buscando promover el pensamiento crítico acerca de los usos tanto perjudiciales como beneficiosos del conocimiento científico; integrar la tecnología multimedia a la enseñanza de las ciencias y orientarse hacia asuntos y problemas sociales como la relación de nuestra especie con la ecología planetaria, orientándose la educación en la dirección de una educación ambiental. Se relata la experiencia del curso a partir de los datos recopilados y se interpretan los resultados en el marco de las nuevas demandas de formación del profesorado.