gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defective insulin receptors in Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome cause complete peripheral insulin resistance but minimal hepatic insulin response remains 1 (2000)

In Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, severe insulin resistance is caused by defective insulin receptors. The patient studied lacks insulin receptor binding due to a truncation mutation of one allele and a point mutation of the other allele of the insulin receptor alpha-subunit. He developed pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, and was considered for organ transplantation. A trial of prednisone 1.2 mg/kg/d was initiated to determine if he could tolerate immunosuppressive therapy without deterioration of his pre-existing, difficult to control diabetes mellitus. Insulin responsiveness was measured prior to and after 4 d of glucocorticoid administration ('Before GC' and 'After GC') using the hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp and stable isotope tracer dilution techniques. After a 12-h fast and 24 h of intravenous insulin, a primed continuous infusion of 6,6-(2)H(2)-glucose was administered during a 2-h tracer equilibration period followed by a 2-h insulin-deficient period, and a 2-h hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp period during which insulin was infused at 7 u/kg/h. Blood glucose concentrations during the basal periods, while no insulin was infused, were 245+/-7 and 138+/-8 mg/dL in the studies Before GC and After GC, respectively. During both hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp periods, the blood glucose was 171+/-1 and 167+/-5 mg/dL, respectively. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) was higher during the basal period Before GC than during the same period After GC (7.86+/-0.23 vs. 5.31+/-0.19 mg/kg/min). HGP rate was suppressed by insulin to 1.48+/-0.45 mg/kg/min Before GC, but was not suppressed After GC (4.19+/-0.81 mg/kg/min). The hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp did not increase the glucose utilization rate nor the glucose clearance rate over basal in either Before GC or After GC, indicating complete peripheral insulin resistance. In summary, the liver showed some response to insulin in the absence of insulin receptors but the peripheral tissues had no response to insulin. Glucocorticoids worsened insulin resistance in the liver in this patient.
The Johns Hopkins Guide to Diabetes: For Today and Tomorrow (1997)

The Johns Hopkins Guide to Diabetes provides comprehensive and reliable answers to the many questions asked by people with the disease as well as their families and friends. What are the differences between Type I and Type II diabetes, for example? How are the different forms of this disease diagnosed and treated? Can diabetes that develops during pregnancy become a permanent condition? Can diabetes ever be managed with diet and exercise alone? Written by a team of Johns Hopkins specialists, this authoritative and easy-to-read guide addresses everything about diabetes which patients need to know for good control and good health. Highlights of The Johns Hopkins Guide to Diabetes: * The importance of getting a straight answer about your diagnosis * The physical and psychological demands of diabetes * Managing the disease with blood glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, oral medications, and insulin therapy * Potential short-term and long-term complications, such as hypoglycemia, hardening of the arteries, and effects on eyes, kidneys, feet, and skin * Sexuality, pregnancy, and genetics * Recent developments for treating diabetes and the latest thinking about the importance of close control, based on the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Simulator Design Features for Carrier Landing. I. Performance Experiments. (1981)

Abstract : The effects of twelve factors on carrier landing performance in the Visual Technology Research Simulator (VTRS) at the Naval Training Equipment Center (NTEC), Orlando, Florida, were investigated in a series of three experiments. Subjects for the experiment were experienced naval aviators. The purpose was to determine and rank order the sizes of effects, identify factors having no effect, and to obtain information for making decisions about future transfer-of-training studies. Results generally showed small to null effects for equipment factors although several had statistically reliable effects. As the display and simulator factors were manipulated over a wide range of interest representing expensive vs. inexpensive simulation options, the implication is that simulation for carrier landing skill maintenance and transition training for experienced pilots does not require the highest levels of fidelity for these features. Simulator requirements for training at the undergraduate level are currently being examined.
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Activated Calcium Channels (1992)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Enantioselective Activation of Stable Carboxylate Esters as Enolate Equivalents via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts (2012)

The first N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) mediated activation of stable carboxylate esters to generate enolate intermediates is disclosed. The catalytically generated arylacetic ester enolates undergo enantioselective reactions with α,β-unsaturated imines.
Towards Robust Curve Text Detection with Conditional Spatial Expansion (2019)

It is challenging to detect curve texts due to their irregular shapes and varying sizes. In this paper, we first investigate the deficiency of the existing curve detection methods and then propose a novel Conditional Spatial Expansion (CSE) mechanism to improve the performance of curve text detection. Instead of regarding the curve text detection as a polygon regression or a segmentation problem, we treat it as a region expansion process. Our CSE starts with a seed arbitrarily initialized within a text region and progressively merges neighborhood regions based on the extracted local features by a CNN and contextual information of merged regions. The CSE is highly parameterized and can be seamlessly integrated into existing object detection frameworks. Enhanced by the data-dependent CSE mechanism, our curve text detection system provides robust instance-level text region extraction with minimal post-processing. The analysis experiment shows that our CSE can handle texts with various shapes, sizes, and orientations, and can effectively suppress the false-positives coming from text-like textures or unexpected texts included in the same RoI. Compared with the existing curve text detection algorithms, our method is more robust and enjoys a simpler processing flow. It also creates a new state-of-art performance on curve text benchmarks with F-score of up to 78.4$\%$.
Dual-activator luminescence of RE/TM:Y3Al5O12(RE = Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+; TM = Mn4+, Cr3+) phosphors for self-referencing optical thermometry (2016)

Dual-activator based optical thermometry with high sensitivity and superior signal discriminability was developed.
A Novel Automated Left Ventricle Segmentation Routine (2005)

In this paper we present a system for the automatic segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart from breath hold MRI images with subsequent ejection fraction (EF) calculations. The ventricular luminal contours in short and long-axis slices are enhanced with morphological image processing methods and extracted using a novel Global Optimal Closed Path algorithm. In this study, contours both including and excluding LV trabeculations and papillary muscles are considered. Ventricular 3D-reconstructions are based on the use of both short-axis and long-axis contours, with the long-axis contours also being used as an internal skeleton template of the LV to correct for through plane motion. A series of volumes of the reconstructed 3D ventricle is evaluated at different times during the cycle and the EF calculated. By comparing our numerical results with those derived from manual segmentations on eight normal subjects, we conclude that the automated system performance is reliable and consistent.
Managing Safety Risk by Cell Manufacturers (2020)

Durability, reliability and safety are closely related in battery operation, requiring proper design to assure performance. To attain these properties are challenging and their issues of concerns need to be addressed in a coherent, holistic approach. For cell manufacturers, battery safety is about proper cell design. To implement effective safety measures, key is to engage failure mode and effect analysis in a sufficiently quantitative manner to understand cause-and-consequence relationship through advanced diagnostic and prognostic analyses to derive adequate cell design metrics to facilitate safe cell design. A key aspect of safety, not often discussed in the literature, is how to address it in the full context of electrochemical, thermal and mechanical balance. It is also important to realize that only when we can characterize the degree of tolerance and resilience to abuse, we are mature to know how to design a safe battery for operation.
Femtosecond laser-induced periodic structure writing on diamond crystals and microclusters (1999)

Three-dimensional (3D), periodic nanowriting on diamond clusters is reported in this letter. Concentric circular rings were observed on diamond microclusters, nucleated near the periphery of a laser-irradiated region, when chemical-vapor deposited diamond was processed in air, with laser pulses of 380 fs duration and at a wavelength of 248 nm. Periodic ripples also have been observed on single-crystal and polycrystalline diamond surfaces. Further, it is experimentally shown that the periodicity of these corrugated two-dimensional and 3D structures is shorter than that of the laser wavelength used (248 nm for the excimer fs laser and 825 nm for the Ti–sapphire fs laser).
Gamut-adaptive correction in color image processing (2010)

In color image processing, an image is usually processed in a color space consisting of luminance and chrominance components. The processed result is then converted to the RGB color space for display. However, a straightforward color space conversion can cause color distortion due to gamut difference between the two color spaces. In order to alleviate this gamut problem, we propose two gamut-adaptive correction schemes. For the chrominance component processing, we propose the gamut-adaptive clipping scheme to effectively solve the out-of-gamut problem. For the luminance component processing of a color image, we propose the gamut-adaptive scaling scheme to alleviate both the out-of-gamut and under-saturation problems. The proposed methods can be applied for image processing in any color space since the proposed correction is performed in the RGB color space. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can preserve the luminance and hue values and provide rich colors by adaptively controlling the saturation value according to the luminance component value.
Perioperative Outcomes after Unilateral and Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty (2009)

BTKAs carry increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality compared with unilateral procedures. Staging BTKA procedures during the same hospitalization offers no mortality benefit and may even expose patients to increased morbidity.
Fiber-integrated nano-imaging of infrared colloidal quantum dots emitting at telecommunication wavelengths with a bowtie-aperture nano-antenna (2015)

National audience
Biological Activity and Active Groups of Novel Pyrazoles, Thiosemicarbazones, and Substituted Thiazoles (1976)

A study of novel pyrazoles, thiosemicarbazones, and substituted thiazoles has shown a definite correlation between compound structure and antibacterial activity. Those compounds having a lipophilic chain had greater antibacterial activity than compounds having the less lipophilic structures such as the methoxy group. The hydrophilic core of the compounds contributes to movement of the compound into aqueous solution while the lipophilic characteristic enhances the ability to interact with the hydrophobic area of the membrane. Structural features that contribute to increased solubility and membrane interaction may greatly increase biological activity of compounds. The cell membrane, which may function as a permeability barrier for the cell, plays an important role in antibacterial and anticancer chemotherapy. Regulation of nutrient passage through the barrier may contribute to a variety of known physiological states. Durham et al. (1) reported synthesis of unique heterocycles with functional groups which greatly increased solubility in water. The compounds demonstrated activity for both bacterial and tissue culture cells. Chesnut et al. (2) reported that a hydroxybenzindazole inhibited microbial growth and it was proposed that the compound produced a reversible distortion which disorganized but did not destroy the integrity of the membrane structure. This study extends the investigation of newly synthesized heterocycles, based on model steroids and compounds that have proven biological activity, in order to correlate biological activity with presence of certain functional groups. The greatest activity was found in especially designed pyrazoles, thiosemicarbazones, and related substituted thiazoles. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds were screened for growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive spore-forming rod, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, a gram-negative rod. The compounds (5 mg) were dissolved in 0.5 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Sterile water was added to give a final volume of 5 ml. This stock solution (0.5 ml) was added to 4.5 ml of glucose minimal medium (3) to give a final concentration of 5 µg/ml for the test compound. Controls were run using sterile water and DMSO at the same concentrations as used with the test compound. The tubes were inoculated with an overnight culture of B. subtilis to an absorbancy of 0.04 at 540 nm. Growth was followed by measuring the change in absorbancy at 540 nm on a Coleman junior Spectrometer. The biological activity of the compound was determined by two measurements: (a) the change in absorbancy between 4 and 5 hours, which was determined from the linear part of the curve, and (b) the time required for the culture to reach an absorbance of 0.5. Compounds producing the smallest change in absorbance during the 1-hr interval and the longest time in reaching an absorbance of 0.5 were considered to have the greater biological activity.
TheseizureLocus Encodes theDrosophilaHomolog of the HERG Potassium Channel (1997)

Mutations in the seizure ( sei ) locus cause temperature-induced hyperactivity, followed by paralysis. Gene cloning studies have established that the seizure gene product is the Drosophila homolog of HERG , a member of the eag family of K + channels implicated in one form of hereditary long QT syndrome in humans. A series of five null alleles with premature stop codons are all recessive, but viable. A missense mutation in the sei gene, which changes the charge at a conserved glutamate residue near the outer mouth of the pore, has a semidominant phenotype, suggesting that the mutant seizure protein acts as a poison in a multimeric complex. Transformation rescue of a null allele with a cDNA under the control of an inducible promoter demonstrates that induced expression of seizure potassium channels in adults rescues the paralytic phenotype. This rescue decays with a t 1/2 of ∼1-1.5 d after gene induction is discontinued, providing the first estimate of ion channel stability in an intact, multicellular animal.
SALMON: Survival Analysis Learning With Multi-Omics Neural Networks on Breast Cancer (2019)

Improved cancer prognosis is a central goal for precision health medicine. Though many models can predict differential survival from data, there is a strong need for sophisticated algorithms that can aggregate and filter relevant predictors from increasingly complex data inputs. In turn, these models should provide deeper insight into which types of data are most relevant to improve prognosis. Deep Learning-based neural networks offer a potential solution for both problems because they are highly flexible and account for data complexity in a non-linear fashion. In this study, we implement Deep Learning-based networks to determine how gene expression data predicts Cox regression survival in breast cancer. We accomplish this through an algorithm called SALMON (Survival Analysis Learning with Multi-Omics Neural Networks), which aggregates and simplifies gene expression data and cancer biomarkers to enable prognosis prediction. The results revealed improved performance when more omics data were used in model construction. Rather than use raw gene expression values as model inputs, we innovatively use eigengene modules from the result of gene co-expression network analysis. The corresponding high impact co-expression modules and other omics data are identified by feature selection technique, then examined by conducting enrichment analysis and exploiting biological functions, escalated the interpretation of input feature from gene level to co-expression modules level. Our study shows the feasibility of discovering breast cancer related co-expression modules, sketch a blueprint of future endeavors on Deep Learning-based survival analysis. SALMON source code is available at https://github.com/huangzhii/SALMON/.
Calibration, Repeatability and Related Characteristics of On-wafer, Broadband 70 kHz–220 GHz Single-Sweep Measurements (2020)

Broadband network analysis measurements can simplify on-wafer device and subsystem modeling (and related) efforts by minimizing setup changes and calibration cycles. Instrument coverage from low frequencies to 220 GHz has been recently presented but, as important, are the probes and the calibration and measurement characteristics. Broadband probes based on a single coaxial interface are presented along with basic measurement and calibration repeatability data based both on LRM and mTRL calibrations using transmission lines and symmetric attenuators as the primary DUTs. The process was exercised at low drive levels as might be required in active device characterization and the results show controlled repeatability and drift behaviors largely consistent with signal-to-noise ratios.
Characteristics of a radial line slot antenna for 12 GHz band satellite TV reception (1986)

Characteristics of a novel planar antenna which can radiate a circularly polarized pencil beam in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> -band are presented for the application of receiving direct broadcast from a satellite. This antenna belongs to a class of slotted waveguide antennas and promising performances, especially its high efficiency, have already been predicted theoretically. The measured performance of a model antenna with a diameter of 0.6 m, is presented. Antenna gain of about 35 dBi and axial ratio of about 1 dB are realized at 12.2 GHz; the associated antenna efficiency of 57 percent is very high in comparison with that of the conventional microstrip antennas, in this range of gain.
A review of methods for the chemical characterization of cannabis natural products (2017)

Cannabis has garnered a great deal of new attention in the past couple of years in the United States due to the increasing instances of its legalization for recreational use and indications for medicinal benefit. Despite a growing number of laboratories focused on cannabis analysis, the separation science literature pertaining to the determination of cannabis natural products is still in its infancy despite the plant having been utilized by humans for nearly 30 000 years and it being now the most widely used drug worldwide. This is largely attributable to the restrictions associated with cannabis as it is characterized as a schedule 1 drug in the United States. Presented here are reviewed analytical methods for the determination of cannabinoids (primarily) and terpenes (secondarily), the primary natural products of interest in cannabis plants. Focus is placed foremost on analyses from plant extracts and the various instrumentation and techniques that are used, but some coverage is also given to analysis of cannabinoid metabolites found in biological fluids. The goal of this work is to provide a collection of relevant separation science information, upon which the field of cannabis analysis can continue to grow.
New Guidelines for the Evaluation of Bulls For Breeding Soundness (1993)

New guidelines for bull breeding soundness examinations (BSE) were recently adopted by the American Society for Theriogenology. Major new features included the abandonment of numerical scores in favor of threshold values which must be achieved for scrotal circumference (minimum threshold of 30 cm at 15 months of age), spermatozoal motility (minimum threshold of 30% individual motility) and spermatozoal morphology (minimum threshold of 70% normal sperm). The latter requirement is seen to reduce the emphasis on systems (e.g. primary'' and secondary'' abnormalities) for sperm morphology assessment. Bulls are classified as being either satisfactory'' or unsatisfactory or they are placed in a classification deferred category. Forms and explanatory notes are available to members of the society for Theriogenology from the Society office.
Analysis of subthreshold slope of fully depleted amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors (2015)

The behavior of the subthreshold slope (SS) of fully depleted (FD) amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-InGaZnO) thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are n-type accumulation mode metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors, was analyzed. Thermal desorption spectra revealed that annealing was necessary to desorb H2 and H2O from the a-InGaZnO films for the FD mode operation along with small SS. Our experimental results indicated that the SS (a) increases with the increase in the thickness of the a-InGaZnO channel layer, (b) increases with the decrease in the oxygen partial pressure during the sputtering of the a-InGaZnO, (c) increases linearly with the increase in the thickness of the gate insulator, and (d) increases linearly with the increase in the temperature of the TFT. A theoretical equation that explains these results was derived by using the relations between the variations in the voltages applied to the electrodes and variations in the surface potentials derived from the charge conservation law. It was assumed during the derivation of the equation that the potential in the channel layer is the lowest along the back surface in the subthreshold region and most of the current flows there.
Nano-Electron-Beam lithography system and its application for 40-nm gate MOSFETs (1996)

A nanometer Electron Beam (EB) lithography system has been developed and used for fabricating nanometer order MOSFETs. The system uses a Zr/O/W Thermal Field Emitter (TFE) and has a 5nm-diameter beam at a current of 100 pA, an acceleration voltage of 50kV. A 10 nm line was successfully delineated in PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate) on a thick Si substrate. A chemically amplified negative resist was used as a single layer mask for minute MOSFET gate fabrication, and showed high resolution less than 0.1 μm width. Proximity effect correction was applied to the gate lithography, resulting in excellent line width control even less than 0.1 μm. Operation of a 40 nm-polysilicon gate nMOSFET was confirmed.
Phase I Study of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Given Subcutaneously to Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Mucocutaneous Kaposi's Sarcoma (1997)

A.P.L. given at daily doses ranging from 5000 to 10,000 IU has antitumor activity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. A.P.L. can be given for more than 1 year with minimal side effects. Larger efficacy studies are warranted.