gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR structure determination of tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) (1995)

Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a potent and selective 60-amino acid inhibitor of the serine protease Factor Xa (fXa), the penultimate enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade. The structural features of TAP responsible for its remarkable specificity for fXa are unknown, but the binding to its target appears to be unique. The elucidation of the TAP structure may facilitate our understanding of this new mode of serine protease inhibition and could provide a basis for the design of novel fXa inhibitors. Analyses of homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR spectra (total correlation spectroscopy, nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy [NOESY], constant time heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy [CT-HSQC], and HSQC-NOESY; 600 MHz; 1.5 mM TAP; pH 2.5) of unlabeled, 13C-labeled, and 15N-labeled TAP provided nearly complete 1H sequence-specific resonance assignments. Secondary structural elements were identified by characteristic NOE patterns and D2O amide proton-exchange experiments. A three-dimensional structure of TAP was generated from 412 NOESY-derived distance and 47 dihedral angle constraints. The structural elements of TAP are similar in some respects to those of the Kunitz serine protease inhibitor family, with which TAP shares weak sequence homology. This structure, coupled with previous kinetic and biochemical information, confirms previous suggestions that TAP has a unique mode of binding to fXa.
A Combinatorial Approach for Optimization of Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Loading on Mo‐doped BiVO4 Photoanodes (2019)

Abstract The incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) of a photoactive surface strongly depends on the loading and thickness of the active materials. We present a combinatorial approach based on an optical scanning droplet cell for simultaneous deposition and systematic characterization of co‐catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on Mo‐doped BiVO 4 (Mo−BiVO 4 ) photoanodes electrochemically pre‐deposited on transparent conductive FTO substrates. The loading and photoelectrochemical characterization of 10 different OER co‐catalysts deposited by three different deposition techniques on FTO‐supported Mo−BiVO 4 were investigated aiming at determination of the suitable deposition parameters affording the highest enhancement of photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution for the different OER/Mo−BiVO 4 films. A comparison of the photoelectrochemical performance of films of various OER co‐catalyst deposited on FTO‐supported Mo−BiVO 4 by electrodeposition, photo‐assisted electrodeposition and photodeposition revealed the necessity of a material specific optimization with respect to co‐catalyst loading and deposition technique to achieve optimal IPCE for each co‐catalysts.
Large Differences between Partial Correlation Coefficients (1973)

It is well known that the value of a partial correlation coefficient need not be close to the value of the correlation coefficient. Kendall and Stuart (1961) and Fisher (1958) give examples of this fact. The following example shows a strong reversal between a correlation coefficient and a partial correlation coefficient. An explanation for this reversal and a practical application are given. For artificial fibers, such as nylon and polyester, two important physical properties are tenacity and elongation. Tenacity is a measure of the stress that is applied to the fiber by a tensile machine:
Optimize In-kernel swap memory by avoiding duplicate swap out pages (2016)

On embedded devices the physical memory is a critical resource. RAM should be used very efficiently without affecting the performance of the device. In-kernel memory swapping is a Linux feature which creates RAM based swap area and provides a form of virtual memory compression. It increases performance by using a compressed block device in RAM for paging instead of disk. Since In-kernel memory swapping is an alternative way to provide swapping, the memory utilized to store the compressed swapped pages should be optimized. Through experiments it is observed that duplicate pages are swapped by kernel to the swap area, which leads to redundant pages being stored and hence increasing the swap area. This paper proposes a new mechanism to avoid duplicate compressed pages swapped to the In-RAM swap area. Experiments have assured increase in the available physical memory and there by improved the performance of applications even at low memory conditions.
Molecular Characterization of a Nondemyelinating Variant of Daniel’s Strain of Theiler’s Virus Isolated from a Persistently Infected Glioma Cell Line (1998)

Wild-type Daniel's strain of Theiler's virus (wt-DA) induces a chronic demyelination in susceptible mice which is similar to multiple sclerosis. A variant of wt-DA (designated DA-P12) generated during the 12th passage of persistent infection of a G26-20 glioma cell line failed to persist and induce demyelination in SJL/J mice. To identify the determinants responsible for this change in phenotype, we sequenced the capsid coding sequence (nucleotides [nt] 2991 to 3994) and found three mutations in VP1: residues 99 (Gly to Ser), 100 (Gly to Asp), and 103 (Asn to Lys). To study the role of these mutations in neurovirulence and demyelination, we prepared a recombinant virus, DAP-1C-2A/DA, with replacement of wt-DA nt 2991 to 3994 with the corresponding region of DA-P12, and viruses with individual point mutations at VP1 residues 99(Ser), 100(Asp), and 103(Lys). DAP-1C-2A/DA and viruses with a mutation at VP1 residue 99 or 100 (but not 103) completely attenuated the ability of wt-DA to induce demyelination. Failure to induce demyelination was not due to a general failure in growth, since DA-P12 and other mutant viruses lysed L-2 cells in vitro as effectively as wt-DA. The change in disease phenotype was independent of the specific B- or T-cell immune recognition because a decrease in the neurovirulence of mutant viruses was observed in neonatal mice and immune-deficient RAG1 -/- mice. This difference in neurovirulence is not the complete explanation for the failure of DA-P12 to demyelinate, since virus with a mutation at residue 103(Lys) had decreased neurovirulence but did induce demyelination. Therefore, point mutation at VP1 residue 99 or 100 altered the ability of wt-DA to demyelinate, perhaps related to a disruption in interaction between virus and receptor on certain neural cells.
Diakoptic surface integral equation formulation applied to 3-D electrostatic problems (2007)

LEMA
Insight into the Activity and Selectivity of Nanostructured Copper Titanates during Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 at Neutral pH via In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2022)

The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to useful chemical fuels is a promising route toward the achievement of carbon neutral and carbon negative energy technologies. Copper (Cu)- and Cu oxide-derived surfaces are known to electrochemically convert CO<sub>2</sub> to high-value and energy-dense products. However, the nature and stability of oxidized Cu species under reaction conditions are the subject of much debate in the literature. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of copper-titanate nanocatalysts, with discrete Cu-O coordination environments, for the electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). We employ real-time in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to monitor Cu species under neutral-pH CO<sub>2</sub>RR conditions. Combination of voltammetry and on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry with XAS results demonstrates that the titanate motif promotes the retention of oxidized Cu species under reducing conditions for extended periods, without itself possessing any CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity. Additionally, we demonstrate that the specific nature of the Cu-O environment and the size of the catalyst dictate the long-term stability of the oxidized Cu species and, subsequently, the product selectivity.
Bat-associated Rabies Virus in Skunks (2006)

Rabies was undetected in terrestrial wildlife of northern Arizona until 2001, when rabies was diagnosed in 19 rabid skunks in Flagstaff. Laboratory analyses showed causative rabies viruses associated with bats, which indicated cross-species transmission of unprecedented magnitude. Public health infrastructure must be maintained to address emerging zoonotic diseases.
Pamidronate Reduces Skeletal Morbidity in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer and Lytic Bone Lesions: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (1999)

Treatment with 90 mg of pamidronate as a 2-hour intravenous infusion every 4 weeks in addition to hormonal therapy significantly reduces skeletal morbidity from osteolytic metastases.
Towards a Better Understanding of Modeling Feasibility Robustness in Engineering Design (1999)

In robust design, it is important not only to achieve robust design objectives but also to maintain the robustness of design feasibility under the effect of variations (or uncertainties). However, the evaluation of feasibility robustness is often a computationally intensive process. Simplified approaches in existing robust design applications may lead to either over-conservative or infeasible design solutions. In this paper, several feasibility-modeling techniques for robust optimization are examined. These methods are classified into two categories: methods that require probability and statistical analyses and methods that do not. Using illustrative examples, the effectiveness of each method is compared in terms of its efficiency and accuracy. Constructive recommendations are made to employ different techniques under different circumstances. Under the framework of probabilistic optimization, we propose to use a most probable point (MPP) based importance sampling method, a method rooted in the field of reliability analysis, for evaluating the feasibility robustness. The advantages of this approach are discussed. Though our discussions are centered on robust design, the principles presented are also applicable for general probabilistic optimization problems. The practical significance of this work also lies in the development of efficient feasibility evaluation methods that can support quality engineering practice, such as the Six Sigma approach that is being widely used in American industry. [S1050-0472(00)00904-1]
Risk factors for evaluating early mortality after microvascular reconstruction of head and neck cancers (2022)

Early postoperative mortality most frequently affects patients aged 75 years and above, with a high ACE-27 score, advanced tumor stage, or high thrombocyte count. Therefore, preoperative assessment and patient selection should have a crucial role in this patient population.
Modeling Substrate Transport into Biofilms: Role of Multiple Ions and pH Effects (1993)

Steady‐state substrate utilization in biofilms has traditionally been modeled by coupling Fickian diffusion with Monod reaction kinetics. An inherent assumption in most of the previous models was that the pH remains constant within the biofilm. Experiments have shown differences between the pH in the bulk solution and in the biofilm. Since the rate of substrate utilization in biological systems can be affected severely by changes in pH, recent models have tried to account for the pH variations within the biofilm. However, these models neglected ionic interactions during mass transport. A fundamental approach incorporating the effects of pH in any chemical or biological system involving diffusion with reaction is presented. The approach is applied to a steady‐state model of substrate utilization in carbon‐limited algal biofilms.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. ZU GUAIAN‐SESQUITERPENEN (1971)

Abstract Die aus Cyclopentanon‐2‐carbonsäureestern und Methylvinylketon erhaltenen Hydrindanone (I) liefern nach Desulfurierung ihrer Dithioketale (II) die ungesättigten Ester (IIIa), die zum Carbinol (IIIb) reduziert werden.
Stereotactic Localization and Guidance Using a Machine Vision Technique (1992)

Machine vision techniques (video cameras) can be used to determine the three-dimensional position of objects. This transformation can be accomplished with standard mathematical algorithms. Initial accuracy tests of stereotactic localization with video cameras were performed using a standard Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) phantom simulator coupled with the BRW angiographic localizer. Localization accuracy was within 1.5 mm. Potential applications of machine vision techniques include freehand stereotactic localization of the position and orientation of surgical instruments. With sufficient computer speed these techniques can be used for continuous monitoring of the position of instruments within the cranial vault.
Hydrogenation of western coal in dilute phase under medium pressures for production of liquids and gases. Final report (1975)

Previous research conducted at the University of Utah indicated a possibility for a short residence time conversion of coal to useful liquid and gaseous fuels. This concept was tested in short (6 ft.), small diameter tubes at high temperatures (2000 psi hydrogen pressure and 650 to 700/sup 0/C) and then extended to longer tubes at lower temperatures (1800 psi hydrogen pressure at 480-520/sup 0/C). An application of 5 percent ZnCl/sub 2/ to the coal results in 70-75 percent conversion of coal matter to liquid and gaseous fuels at a coal feed rate of /sup 1///sub 2/ pound of coal per minute in a /sup 1///sub 4/'' I.D. tube 100 feet long. Many problems associated with this process have been investigated. These range from residence time measurements, prospective catalyst screening and catalyst recovery to processing, upgrading and characterizing products. Further areas of inquiry have been studies of catalyst-coal interactions and development of new catalysts and procedures for using available catalysts with coal syncrudes produced by the ZnCl/sub 2/ method. Details of these investigations are reported here and in other technical reports that have resulted. Specific literature references are provided. (auth)
<title>Near-IR diode-laser-based sensor for parts-per-billion-level water vapor in industrial gases</title> (1999)

The verification of low water vapor impurity levels in semiconductor manufacturing feed gas supplies is becoming critically important for the development of advanced electronic devices. Ammonia is one of the important precursor gases for electronic manufacturing. In this paper, we present data from a water vapor absorption spectroscopy sensor designed to continuously measure ppb water impurities in pure ammonia gas with a 1 Hz bandwidth. The sensor is built using a near-IR diode laser, commercial fiber optic components, room-temperature InGaAs photodiodes, an ultra- sensitive balanced radiometric detection circuit, and a modified commercially available multipass cell. We present water vapor collisional broadening data by ammonia used to determine the optimal operating pressure for maximum system sensitivity. The commercial multipass cell was modified for ease of alignment, a nearly continuously variable pathlength, and to minimize the atmospheric air pathlength outside of the cell. The computer- controlled sensor is applicable to making water impurity measurements in a number of additional commercially important gases, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen bromide, silane, etc. The sensor is also applicable to moisture measurements in natural gas, and manufacturing dryer applications, such as those found in the plastics industry or the pharmaceutical industry, where in-line process control is critical.
A Metabolic Switching Hypothesis for the First Step in the Hypolipidemic Effects of Fibrates (2002)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA was identified as a transcript that was rapidly and generally induced by fibrates in various tissues of the mouse. The time course of induction was much faster than those of typical peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha)-regulated peroxisomal mRNAs. Rapid and efficient induction of PDK4 mRNA in various tissues would inactivate pyruvate dehydrogenase and stimulate fatty acid oxidation at the whole body level, leading to enhanced utilization of serum fatty acids and triglycerides. This metabolic switching mechanism can explain the early phase of the fibrate-induced decrease in the serum levels of triglycerides. Furthermore, the muscle in the fibrate-induced early state with limited activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and low levels of fatty acids will utilize proteins as an energy source and extensive degradation of proteins may lead to myopathy or rhabdomyolysis.
Learning Perl Objects, References, and Modules (2003)

Learning Perl Objects, References & Modules picks up where Learning Perl leaves off. This new book offers a gentle introduction to the world of references, object-oriented programming, and the use of Perl modules that form the backbone of any effective Perl program. Following the successful format of Learning Perl, each chapter in the book is designed to be small enough to be read in just an hour or two. Each chapter ends with a series of exercises to help you practice what you've learned with answers in an appendix for your reference. In short, this book covers everything that separates the Perl dabbler from the Perl programmer.
The melbourne colorectal cancer study (1987)

The characteristics of 702 colorectal cancer patients are described in relation to the presence of absence of a family history of colorectal cancer in near relatives. No statistically significant associations were found between those with a family history of colorectal cancer and age at detection, sex, country of birth, religion, number of cancers (single, synchronous, or metachronous), previously removed benign colorectal polyps, and adenomatous polyps found in the resection specimen. The family history rate of colorectal cancer for colon cancer cases was statistically significantly higher than for rectal cancer cases (chi 2(1) = 3.8, P = .05) and there was a gradient of decreasing risk from colon to rectum. The family history rate of colorectal cancer in parents of those who were less than 50 years old was twice that of those 50 or older (P = .07), consistent with the view that earlier age of onset is a characteristic of those with a family history of colorectal cancer. There was a statistically significantly higher family history rate of colorectal cancer in respondents who knew of the disease compared with those who did not (chi 2(1) = 5.5, P less than .05). It is unclear if this effect represents recall bias or self-selection bias. In contrast, the rates for a family history of heart disease and stroke were similar, irrespective of the respondent's knowledge of their colorectal cancer status. Thus in the Melbourne study, the family history rate of colorectal cancer was higher in colon cancer than in rectal cancer, there was a decreasing gradient of risk from colon to rectum, and a tendency for earlier age of onset of colorectal cancer in those with a history of this cancer in a parent.
NCOG-02. PROGNOSTIC VALIDATION OF THE EANO ESMO CLASSIFICATION OF LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASIS (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND The EANO ESMO guidelines have proposed a classification of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) based on clinical (typical/atypical), cytological (positive/negative/equivocal) and MRI (A linear, B nodular, C linear and nodular, D normal or hydrocephalus only) presentation. Type I LM is defined by the presence of tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (confirmed LM) whereas type II LM is defined by typical clinical and MRI signs (probable or possible LM). Here we explored the clinical utility of these EANO ESMO LM subtypes for choice of treatment and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively assembled data from 254 patients with newly diagnosed LM from different solid tumors, including as main primary tumors breast cancer (n=98, 45%), lung cancer (n=65, 25.5%) and melanoma (n=51, 13.5%). Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Log-rank test. RESULTS Median age at LM diagnosis was 56.5 years (range 20-82 years). Typical clinical LM symptoms or signs were noted in 225 patients (88.5%); only 13 patients (5%) were clinically asymptomatic. The most common MRI subtype was A seen in 117 patients (46%). Types B (n=33, 13%), C (n=54, 21%) and D (n=50, 19.5%) were less common. Tumor cells in the CSF were observed in 186 patients (73%) whereas the CSF was equivocal in 24 (9.5%) and negative in 44 (17.5%) patients. Patients with confirmed LM had inferior outcome than patients with probable or possible LM (p=0.0063). Type I patients had inferior outcome than type II patients (p=0.0019). Nodular disease was a negative prognostic factor in type II LM, but not in type I LM (p=0.0138). CONCLUSION The EANO ESMO LM subtypes are highly prognostic and should be considered for stratification and overall design of clinical trials.
Information-Centric Networking With Edge Computing for IoT: Research Challenges and Future Directions (2018)

Cloud computing is a paradigm that offers storage, computation, and software services on demand in the Cloud and far from end users. These services and computations are then extended to the Edge of the network with the Edge computing paradigm. This paradigm offers computation, data, and application services in close proximity of end users. Future Internet architectures will result in a fast information response time, and low latency will be a main feature of evolving 5th generation (5G) radio networks. To ensure the widespread adoption of 5G applications, low latency, security, mobility, and scalable content distribution support is required. Information-centric networking (ICN) is a newly proposed future Internet paradigm in which communication is based on content names irrespective of their locations. At the same time, ICN promises efficient content delivery, mobility support, scalability, and security for content. The Edge computing and ICN provide an opportunity to reduce latency, support mobility, security, and scalability. In this paper, discussions on Edge computing with ICN are provided. In detail, the Edge computing proposals, use cases, differences among Edge computing proposals and drivers for Edge computing are investigated. The Edge computing standardization, research, and industry/vendors collaboration overview are studied. Applications of ICN integration in Edge computing and their advantages and limitations are highlighted. We conclude our paper by describing potential directions for future research in the field of ICN over Edge computing.
Miniature C(T) Specimens—Pinhole Eccentricity and the Effect of Crack Opening Displacement Measurement Location (2022)

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the quality criteria for miniature compact tension (C(T)) specimens. The continuously diminishing volume of reference materials for fracture toughness surveillance testing encourages research on the usability of miniature-sized test specimens, and consequently, it is of great interest in the nuclear power plant field. Sufficient quality criteria and applicability are investigated experimentally and numerically by varying the pinhole locations to investigate the importance of the eccentricity of pinholes and its effect on measurement results. Additionally, the effect of measuring the crack opening displacement (CMOD) from the load line versus the front face and the effect of side grooving are studied with experimental arrangements. The results show that neither the eccentricity of pinholes within the studied offset values nor the location of the CMOD gauge imposes limits on the applicability of miniature C(T) specimens. With eccentric pinholes or any CMOD gauge placement, the fracture toughness results are valid.
Cardiac surgery improves survival in advanced left ventricular dysfunction: multivariate analysis of a consecutive series of 4491 patients over an 18-year period (2016)

Cardiac surgery provides long-term survival benefit in all subsets of LV function, including advanced LV dysfunction.