gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power grid analysis using random walks (2005)

This paper presents a class of power grid analyzers based on a random-walk technique. A generic algorithm is first demonstrated for dc analysis, with linear runtime and the desirable property of localizing computation. Next, by combining this generic analyzer with a divide-and-conquer strategy, a single-level hierarchical method is built and extended to multilevel and "virtual-layer" hierarchy. Experimental results show that these algorithms not only achieve speedups over the generic random-walk method, but also are more robust in solving various types of industrial circuits. Finally, capacitors and inductors are incorporated into the framework, and it is shown that transient analysis can be carried out efficiently. For example, dc analysis of a 71 K-node power grid with C4 pads takes 4.16 s; a 348 K-node wire-bond dc power grid is solved in 93.64 s; transient analysis of a 642 K-node power grid takes 2.1 s per timestep.
Dual vaccination against IL-4 and IL-13 protects against chronic allergic asthma in mice (2021)

Allergic asthma is characterized by elevated levels of IgE antibodies, type 2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus hypersecretion and eosinophilia. Approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE or IL-4/IL-13 reduce asthma symptoms but require costly lifelong administrations. Here, we develop conjugate vaccines against mouse IL-4 and IL-13, and demonstrate their prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in reducing IgE levels, AHR, eosinophilia and mucus production in mouse models of asthma analyzed up to 15 weeks after initial vaccination. More importantly, we also test similar vaccines specific for human IL-4/IL-13 in mice expressing human IL-4/IL-13 and the related receptor, IL-4Rα, to find efficient neutralization of both cytokines and reduced IgE levels for at least 11 weeks post-vaccination. Our results imply that dual IL-4/IL-13 vaccination may represent a cost-effective, long-term therapeutic strategy for the treatment of allergic asthma as demonstrated in mouse models, although additional studies are warranted to assess its safety and feasibility.
Thrust and efficiency of a self-field MPD thruster (1981)

Thrust and efficiency of a quasi-steady multi-MW argon MPD thruster are determined for one-millisecond current pulses. Terminal voltage and impulse bit per pulse are measured for a benchmark thruster geometry on a swinging gate thrust stand in a dielectric vacuum tank, at a background pressure of 0.0001 torr, for a range of argon flow rates and arc currents. The quasi-steady thrust data scale quadratically with arc current, and confirm previous estimates of the electromagnetic and electrothermal components of thrust from magnetic and pressure probe measurements. Thruster efficiency is found to increase monotonically with specific impulse, reaching a value of 25% for 4.5 to 6.0 g/sec at 2000 seconds. Results of further experiments show that the inferred specific impulse for voltage fluctuation onset can be increased to 3000 seconds, and the thrust efficiency to above 30%.
Homology of Two cDNAs Coding for Birch Pollen Allergens with Calmodulin: Protein-Bound Ca<sup>2+</sup> Affects the IgE-Binding Capacity (1992)

Birch pollen is known to contain two well-defined allergens, Bet v I, a protein, which is a major allergen for 95% of the birch-pollen-allergic individuals, and birch profilin, which we could identify as a novel type of plant pan allergen. Here, we report the identification of two novel birch pollen allergens with significant sequence homology to calmodulin. Although both allergens are rear targets for patients' IgE (5-10%), we consider them of particular interest because both proteins require the native protein conformation and protein-bound Ca2+ for IgE binding. Thus we describe for the first time an IgE epitope which is assembled by a polypeptide and a divalent cation, Ca2+.
Hydrate von Polyglykoläthern und ihre Strukturen II. Der molekulare Aufbau (1979)

Abstract Ergänzend zu dem I. Teil dieser Arbeit [1] werden Viskositätsmessungen, automatische Abkühlungskurven und Messungen der Trübungspunkte mitgeteilt, die die Existenz eines Polydihydrates nachweisen, das durch seine flüssig‐kristallin kubische Struktur im Polarisationsmikroskop nicht sichtbar ist. Es wird gezeigt, daß im Zweiphasengebiet das Pentahydrat je nach Temperaturlage mit verschiedenen Hydraten im Gleichgewicht steht. — Der molekulare Aufbau der verschiedenen Hydrate wird durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen erklärt. die zwischen den Sauerstoffatomen der Polyoxyäthylenketten und denen der Wassermolekeln ausgebildet wurden. Es entstehen Wasserbrücken, durch die ein stufenförmiger Aufbau der verschiedenen Hydratstrukturen verständlich wird. ‐ Bei den niederen, meist kristallinen Hydraten wird das Wasser in die Helixstruktur des wasserfreien Polyglykoläthers eingelagert, so daß Wasserbrücken an ein und derselben Polyglykolättierkette entstehen. ‐ Bei den flüssig‐kristallinen Polyglykolätherpolyhydraten führen Wasserbrücken zunächst zu einer Verbindung zwischen einzelnen Polyoxyälhylenketten. Es entsteht eine Lamellenstruktur. Eine Verknüpfung der einzelnen Ebenen führt zu einer kubischen Struktur. Diese wird bei einer vollständigen Sättigung mit Wassermolekeln zu einer hexagonalen Anordnung verschoben.
Enhanced delivery of macromolecular antitumor drugs to tumors by nitroglycerin application (2009)

Dose regimens of anticancer agents are usually designed on the basis of the maximum tolerable drug doses, and toxicity prevents drug usage at higher doses, even though the drugs may be more effective at the higher doses. We previously studied macromolecular anticancer drugs, i.e. those larger than 40 kDa, and observed their accelerated accumulation in tumors. Their concentration in tumors was more than 5-100-fold their blood concentration because of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Here, we report that the EPR effect was enhanced by applying nitroglycerin (NG) ointment on the skin of tumor-bearing animals. Tumors studied included breast cancer, which was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by the chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and three different transplanted tumor models in mice. NG was applied on tumor or nontumorous normal skin as well. Two to three times more putative macromolecular drug (an Evans blue/albumin complex) was delivered to solid tumors with NG than without NG. We also demonstrated that NG enhanced tumor delivery with another macromolecular drug candidate, PZP, i.e. polyethylene glycol-conjugated zinc protoporphyrin IX, which inhibits heme oxygenase-1. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic effect of NG using a combination with low molecular weight anthracycline or high molecular weight PZP in mouse tumor models. NG had no apparent toxicity at the doses used, and showed significantly increased therapeutic effects in both cases. Regardless of its site of application, NG thus enhanced the delivery of the drug to tumors, and enhanced therapeutic effects.
Detailed investigation of the lattice structure of zeolite ZSM-11 by a combination of solid-state NMR and synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetailed investigation of the lattice structure of zeolite ZSM-11 by a combination of solid-state NMR and synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniquesColin A. Fyfe, Hermann Gies, George T. Kokotailo, Connie Pasztor, Harald Strobl, and David E. CoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 7, 2470–2474Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00189a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00189a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views818Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of graphene hollow spheres for application in supercapacitors (2013)

We have successfully assembled graphene nanosheets into spherical shells using polystyrene spheres as templates. Compared with stacked planar graphene, the as-prepared graphene spherical shells have more free space in between the spheres, which results in a larger accessible surface area for adsorption of electrolyte ions in supercapacitors. Electrochemical tests show that the graphene hollow spheres exhibit a high specific capacitance of 273 F g−1 and excellent electrochemical stability.
Phytochemicals against TNFα-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Diseases (2020)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible for the modulation of the immune system. TNF-α plays a critical role in almost every type of inflammatory disorder, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although TNF-α is a well-studied component of inflammatory responses, its functioning in diverse cell types is still unclear. TNF-α functions through its two main receptors: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), also known as p55 and p75, respectively. Normally, the functions of soluble TNF-α-induced TNFR1 activation are reported to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. While TNF-α mediated TNFR2 activation has a dual role. Several synthetic drugs used as inhibitors of TNF-α for diverse inflammatory diseases possess serious adverse effects, which make patients and researchers turn their focus toward natural medicines, phytochemicals in particular. Phytochemicals targeting TNF-α can significantly improve disease conditions involving TNF-α with fewer side effects. Here, we reviewed known TNF-α inhibitors, as well as lately studied phytochemicals, with a role in inhibiting TNF-α itself, and TNF-α-mediated signaling in inflammatory diseases focusing mainly on CNS disorders.
Antecedents to Job Satisfaction in the Airline Industry (2017)

Job satisfaction and other unit-level organizational behavior characteristics have been widely explored in the management literature. This study contributes to the organizational behavior literature by empirically investigating important unit-level organizational behavior characteristics in the airline industry such as work-family conflict, sympathy, networking, job satisfaction and job autonomy. Data collected from a survey of 108 employees working in a low-cost airline was used in the present study. The results indicate a significant positive effect of work-family conflict, sympathy and job autonomy on job satisfaction, and a significant positive impact of servant leadership on sympathy. Our findings can lead to improved job satisfaction, which, in turn, leads to better tangible outcomes such as higher customer satisfaction and higher firm profit for the airline industry.
Optimization of phosphorus removal in secondary effluent using immersed ultrafiltration membranes with in-line coagulant pretreatment  —  implications for advanced water treatment and reuse applications (2013)

In-line addition of alum and ferric chloride was conducted at a hollow-fibre immersed ultrafiltration (UF) membrane pilot plant, using secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as the feed. The objective of such pretreatment was to remove phosphorus from the feed from an initial concentration of approximately 5 mg/L to below 0·3 mg/L. The simplified in-line coagulant addition process involved hydraulic mixing of the coagulant into the feed and subsequent flocculation, and a greatly reduced (12 – 14 min) flocculation time relative to conventional coagulation-flocculation-settling treatment. Both alum and ferric chloride effectively removed phosphorus to below the 0·3 mg/L threshold when applied as a pretreatment at optimized doses, both of which were below the WWTP’s current coagulant dose (as ferrous chloride). This simplified pre-treatment scheme provided consistent enhanced removal of phosphorus and organic compounds. These results suggest that simplified in-line coagulant addition in advance of immersed UF membranes enhances the ability to produce treated effluent suitable for water-reuse applications.
<title>Metrology hardware simulation of mask focus-exposure matrix</title> (1994)

Previous studies described the Depth Resonance Function (DRF) capabilities to understand and control defocus effects of a CD metrology system. This paper discusses the important properties of the DRF and how these properties affect the linewidth metrology process for photomasks built for submicron lithography. The DRF is used to investigate how various metrology process parameters change the response of the CD metrology system. The response of the CD metrology system is then presented as `Focus-Illumination' curves. Such CD results are compared to typical Bossung F-E curves to determine to what extent the metrology Focus- Illumination curves can simulate mask aerial image degradation that occurs during normal stepper exposure process.
<title>An Advanced KrF Excimer Laser Stepper For Production Of 16MDRAMs</title> (1988)

A new KrF excimer laser stepper system has been developed for sub-half-micron VLSI&apos;s device fabrication. The optical system has a monochromatic 5x reduction-projective lens with a large field area (15mm) and a high numerical aperture (NA:0.36). The excimer laser with intracavity etalon, which is compacted by the seperation of a blower system from the laser head, can produce a practically acceptable power of 40mJ/pulse. The mean value of spectral band width was 0.008 nmFWHM and its dispersion was 2.5% of it. This laser indicated excellent properties and stabilities. From the simulation of the Optical Transfer Function (OTF) of the reduction lens, we have found that the lens of NA=0.36 is most suitable for the spectral band width of 0.008 nmFWHM. We have performed the evaluation experiment of the reduction lens by evaluating the resolution and profile of fabricated resist (MP2400) patterns. As a result, the fine pattern of MP2400 down to 0.35 &mu;m lines-and-spaces was successfully fabricated in the center field of this lens. Therefore, we have a good agreement of actual resolution limit with the theoretical resolution limit. Moreover, We evaluated of resists using this KrF excimer laser stepper system. Evaluated resists were MP2400, HPR1182, RD2000N, TPR101 and SNR, where SNR was used as a top layer resist of bi-layer resist (BLR). As a result, we have found that the highest resolution resist is MP2400. In conclusion, the newly developed KrF excimer laser stepper has been confirmed as an effective technology to fabricate sub-half-micron design rule devices : 16MbitDRAMs.
Interaction of smoking and atopy in producing specific IgE antibody against a hapten protein conjugate. (1985)

A survey was carried out of a population of workers exposed to tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, an acid anhydride epoxy resin curing agent known to cause asthma. Using a radioallergosorbent test with a tetrachlorophthalic anhydride human serum albumin conjugate, specific IgE antibody was detected in serum from 24 out of 300 factory floor workers exposed to tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. Of these 24, 20 (83.3%) were current smokers compared with 133 (48.2%) of 276 without antibody (p less than 0.01), and there was a weaker association with atopy, defined by skin tests with common allergens. Smoking and atopy interacted, the prevalence of antibody being 16.1% in atopic smokers, 11.7% in non-atopic smokers, 8.3% in atopic non-smokers, and nil in non-atopic non-smokers (p less than 0.025). Smoking may predispose to, and interact with atopy in, the production of specific IgE antibody to this hapten protein conjugate.
A Sub-$\mu$W Embedded CMOS Temperature Sensor for RFID Food Monitoring Application (2010)

An ultra-low power embedded CMOS temperature sensor based on serially connected subthreshold MOS operation is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process for passive RFID food monitoring applications. Employing serially connected subthreshold MOS as sensing element enables reduced minimum supply voltage for further power reduction, which is of utmost importance in passive RFID applications. Both proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) and complimentary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) signals can be obtained through proper transistor sizing. With the sensor core working under 0.5 V and digital interfacing under 1 V, the sensor dissipates a measured total power of 119 nW at 333 samples/s and achieves an inaccuracy of + 1/-0.8°C from - 10°C to 30°C after calibration. The sensor is embedded inside the fabricated passive UHF RFID tag. Measurement of the sensor performance at the system level is also carried out, illustrating proper sensing operation for passive RFID applications.
Magnetically Assisted Filtration of Solid Wastes: Laboratory and Flight Experiments (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Solid wastes can be separated from aqueous streams and concentrated by filtration in a magnetically assisted fluidized bed. In this work the filtration of solid waste materials using filter beds consisting of granular ferromagnetic media is demonstrated. The degree of bed consolidation (or conversely fluidization) is controlled by the application of magnetic forces. In the Magnetically Assisted Gasification (MAG) process, solids are first entrapped by filtration, and then fluidized and transferred to a high temperature reactor where they are thermally decomposed. The maximum particle loading for the filter bed is determined by the intergranular void space. Using magnetic methods, it is possible to manipulate the degree of compaction as the filtration progresses to increase the void space and thereby maximize the loading capacity and efficiency of the filter. This process is completely compatible with operation in microgravity and hypogravity. Magnetically assisted filtration methods have been studied in the laboratory and in a recent series of flight experiments conducted onboard NASA's KC-135 aircraft.&lt;/div&gt;
Carbon Monoxide and Soot Formation in Inverse Diffusion Flames. (1999)

This study assessed the ability of normal controls to simulate mild traumatic brain injury with or without the aid of general simulation strategies. An additional purpose was to evaluate the relative ability of four tests of performance motivation or malingering to discriminate among the five groups in this study. Twenty-one patients with documented mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 112 undergraduate students were administered the measures of symptom validity in randomized order with instructions either to perform to the best of their ability or to fake believable deficits. Students asked to malinger were either given instructions to do so with no guidance (No Strategies group or NS), a minimal level of guidance (Only Strategies group or OS) or a moderate level of guidance (Strategies and Example or SE). Students given simulation strategies (OS and SE groups) were able to match performance of the TBI group in only those instances when TBI performance was similar to the normal comparison group. When TBI performance fell considerably below the normal comparison group, naïve simulators (NS group) best approximated TBI performance. The degree of variability in the classification success of the four tests underscored the necessity of combining detection methods, as well as the need to develop new tests more resistant to attempts to feign brain injury.
Emergence of sandflies (Phlebotominae) in Austria, a Central European country (2013)

The possible existence of autochthonous sandfly populations in Central Europe north of the Alps has long been excluded. However, in the past years, sandflies have been documented in Germany, Belgium, and recently, also in Austria, close to the Slovenian border. Moreover, autochthonous human Leishmania and Phlebovirus infections have been reported in Central Europe, particularly in Germany. From 2010 to 2012, sandfly trapping (740 trap nights) was performed at 53 different capture sites in Austria using battery-operated CDC miniature light traps. Sites were chosen on the basis of their climate profile in the federal states Styria, Burgenland, and Lower Austria. Sandfly specimens found were transferred to 70% ethanol for conservation. Identification was based on morphological characters of the male genitalia and the female spermathecae, respectively. Altogether, 24 specimens, 22 females and 2 males, all identified as Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, were found at six different sampling sites in all three federal states investigated. The highest number of catches was made on a farm in Lower Austria. Altogether, the period of sandfly activity in Austria was shown to be much longer than presumed, the earliest capture was made on July 3rd and the latest on August 28th. Sandflies have been autochthonous in Austria in small foci probably for long, but in the course of global warming, further spreading may be expected. Although P. mascittii is only an assumed vector of Leishmania spp.-data on its experimental transmission capacity are still lacking-the wide distribution of sandflies in Austria, a country thought to be free of sandflies, further supports a potential emergence of sandflies in Central Europe. This is of medical relevance, not only with respect to the transmission of Leishmania spp. for which a reservoir is given in dogs, but also with respect to the phleboviruses.
Managing chemical reactivity—Minimum best practice (2006)

Abstract A minimum best practice (MBP) is proposed to provide enough information to process, store, and transport chemicals safely. The primary objective of the MBP is to reduce the frequency and consequences of runaway reaction‐generated accidents, particularly those occurring within companies with limited technical and financial resources. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
`EARLY ACRE': A NEW SOUTHERNPEA FOR ARKANSAS (1992)

Southernpeas are an important crop to Arkansas processors, market gardeners and home gardeners. While the bulk of the acreage produced in the state is pinkeye purple hull types, there is a demand for other horticultural types. At present some processors consider `White Acre' to be the standard of cream pea quality, but under Arkansas conditions, `White Acre' produces excessive vine growth, is very late to mature and is susceptible to bacterial blight. For these reasons, the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of `Early Acre'. `Early Acre' has been widely tested under the designation Arkansas 84-154 and produces a very compact bush plant that has seed similar in size and shape to `White Acre', but matures 8-10 days earlier under Arkansas conditions. Although the plant type is well suited to narrow row spacing, `Early Acre' has produced yields similar to `White Acre' when both are planted at conventional row spacings. Samples have been canned by the Dept. of Food Science at the University of Arkansas and the samples have been rated equal to `White Acre' in processed quality. “Early Acre' has exhibited high levels of resistance to bacterial blight in replicated yield trials under field epidemics in both Arkansas and Texas.