gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond pulse generation at 50 W average powers from an Yb:KYW-Yb:YAG planar-waveguide MOPA (2013)

An Yb:YAG planar-waveguide power amplifier seeded by an Yb:KYW master oscillator is reported. The system produced 700-fs pulses at 1032 nm at average output powers of 50 W and a frequency of 53 MHz.
Design of L-Shaped Open-Slot Antenna Used in UAV Airborne Communication System (2018)

According to the communication demands of communication system used in the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) communication system, a ladder-shaped open-slotted antenna design is presented. The impedance effects and directional radiation performance of designed antenna are improved with adopting a pair of L-shaped narrow slot and a passive resonator among the antenna structures. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 90%, the frequency range can cover from 3 GHz to 12 GHz, and the antenna has a relative small size just as 22 mm × 24 mm. The antenna is realized through adopting improved ground structure, and its electrical length is increased simultaneously. To improve its impedance matching effect, the ladder structure is adopted in the antenna. The measured results show that the proposed design scheme is useful and effective, the antenna size can be controlled within the size of 22 mm × 24 mm and the good impedance bandwidth can also be obtained, its frequency bandwidth is from 3 GHz to 13.2 GHz, and the designed antenna has good group delay characteristics at the same time.
High Density Multicore Fibers Employing Small MFD Cores for Datacenters (2018)

Homogeneous single-mode multicore fibers (SM-MCFs) with simple step index profiles are attractive for low-cost and high-density datacenter optical networks. Low-crosstalk 12-core SM-MCFs with cladding diameters of less than 150 μm are proposed.
Inference of RNA Polymerase II Transcription Dynamics from Chromatin\n Immunoprecipitation Time Course Data (2013)

Gene transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II (pol-II) is a key step in\ngene expression. The dynamics of pol-II moving along the transcribed region\ninfluence the rate and timing of gene expression. In this work we present a\nprobabilistic model of transcription dynamics which is fitted to pol-II\noccupancy time course data measured using ChIP-Seq. The model can be used to\nestimate transcription speed and to infer the temporal pol-II activity profile\nat the gene promoter. Model parameters are estimated using either maximum\nlikelihood estimation or via Bayesian inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo\nsampling. The Bayesian approach provides confidence intervals for parameter\nestimates and allows the use of priors that capture domain knowledge, e.g. the\nexpected range of transcription speeds, based on previous experiments. The\nmodel describes the movement of pol-II down the gene body and can be used to\nidentify the time of induction for transcriptionally engaged genes. By\nclustering the inferred promoter activity time profiles, we are able to\ndetermine which genes respond quickly to stimuli and group genes that share\nactivity profiles and may therefore be co-regulated. We apply our methodology\nto biological data obtained using ChIP-seq to measure pol-II occupancy\ngenome-wide when MCF-7 human breast cancer cells are treated with estradiol\n(E2). The transcription speeds we obtain agree with those obtained previously\nfor smaller numbers of genes with the advantage that our approach can be\napplied genome-wide. We validate the biological significance of the pol-II\npromoter activity clusters by investigating cluster-specific transcription\nfactor binding patterns and determining canonical pathway enrichment. We find\nthat rapidly induced genes are enriched for both estrogen receptor alpha\n(ER$\\alpha$) and FOXA1 binding in their proximal promoter regions.\n
Bayesian Decision Tree for the Classification of the Mode of Motion in Single-Molecule Trajectories (2013)

Membrane proteins move in heterogeneous environments with spatially (sometimes temporally) varying friction and with biochemical interactions with various partners. It is important to reliably distinguish different modes of motion to improve our knowledge of the membrane architecture and to understand the nature of interactions between membrane proteins and their environments. Here, we present an analysis technique for single molecule tracking (SMT) trajectories that can determine the preferred model of motion that best matches observed trajectories. The method is based on Bayesian inference to calculate the posteriori probability of an observed trajectory according to a certain model. Information theory criteria, such as the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the Akaike information criterion (AIC), and modified AIC (AICc), are used to select the preferred model. The considered group of models includes free Brownian motion, and confined motion in 2nd or 4th order potentials. We determine the best information criteria for classifying trajectories. We tested its limits through simulations matching large sets of experimental conditions and we built a decision tree. This decision tree first uses the BIC to distinguish between free Brownian motion and confined motion. In a second step, it classifies the confining potential further using the AIC. We apply the method to experimental Clostridium Perfingens [Formula: see text]-toxin (CP[Formula: see text]T) receptor trajectories to show that these receptors are confined by a spring-like potential. An adaptation of this technique was applied on a sliding window in the temporal dimension along the trajectory. We applied this adaptation to experimental CP[Formula: see text]T trajectories that lose confinement due to disaggregation of confining domains. This new technique adds another dimension to the discussion of SMT data. The mode of motion of a receptor might hold more biologically relevant information than the diffusion coefficient or domain size and may be a better tool to classify and compare different SMT experiments.
Melanin and lipofuscin as hallmarks of skin aging (2017)

Discoloration are symptoms of skin aging. They are connected with presence of melanin and lipofuscin, whose excess and abnormal distribution in the skin cause dark spots to appear. Melanin is formed under the influence of tyrosinase during melanogenesis. Its content changes with age, which may be a result of menopause. Lipofuscin is another example of the age pigment. It is composed of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. It is described as an age pigment because its content increases with age. The formation and accumulation of lipofuscin is inevitable and leads to cell and homeostasis dysfunction because it reduces the proteasome activity.
IMC 실행수준의 측정을 위한 다차원 척도개발에 관한 연구 (2001)

IMC(Integrated Marketing Communication)는 이 개념이 가장 먼저 주창된 미국에서는 물론 우리나라에서도 학계와 실무계의 관심 대상이 되고 있다. 그런데 관심의 정도에 비해 IMC 개념의 과학화를 위한 시도는 매우 일천해서 IMC의 실행수준을 측정할 수 있는 척도의 개발에 대한 연구는 국내외를 막론하고 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 IMC의 실행수준을 평가할 수 있는 척도를 개발함으로써 IMC의 이론적인 발전 및 실무차원의 적용 활성화에 기여함을 주목적으로 하고 있다. 본 연구는 항목의 개발, 정화, 검증의 3개의 단계를 거쳐 수행되었다. 첫 번째 단계는 IMC의 다양한 차원을 반영할 수 있는 항목을 개발하는 단계이고, 두 번째 단계는 개발된 항목을 정화는 단계로 마케팅 실무자 및 IMC 전문가를 대상으로 하는 면접과 155명의 마케팅 실무자로부터 수집된 데이터의 통계분석 등의 과정을 거쳐 모두 18개 항목의 4개 차원을 도출하였다. 정화과정을 거친 항목들의 신뢰성과 타당성에 대한 검증작업도 수행하였다. 최종적으로 도출된 차원들은 `상표 이미지의 통합적 관리`, `고객세분화의 다양성`, `고객정보 기반의 행위 중심적 커뮤니케이션 활동`, `기존고객과의 릴레이션쉽 증진` 등의 4개 차원으로 본 연구에서의 IMC에 대한 세 가지 관점이 모두 중요한 차원으로 부각되었으며 실무자들로부터 수집된 자료에 대한 분석결과는 이러한 다양한 차원이 서로 배타적이라기보다는 상호보완적인 역할을 하고 있음을 시사하고 있다.
Cationic Proteins Increase the Permeability of Cultured Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial Cells: Modification by Heparin and Extracellular Calcium (1996)

Airway inflammation is a consistent finding in asthma, and increased amounts of eosinophil-derived cationic proteins are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects. Tracheal instillation of a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic cationic proteins has been shown to induce airway hyperresponsiveness in animal models. Cationic proteins may alter the barrier function of airway epithelium, allowing increased access of agonists to underlying nerves and airway smooth muscle. To examine the effect of cationic proteins on airway epithelial cell function, rabbit tracheal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured on collagen-coated filter membranes. Both apical and basolateral exposure of the cell cultures to poly-L-lysine and poly-L-arginine decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (Rt) over 60 min. There were no discernable light microscopic changes in the morphology of the cultures at 60 min after poly-L-lysine exposure, but permeability to mannitol was increased compared to controls. Evidence for the critical role of cationic charge included the following observations: (1) Poly-L-aspartate, an anionic polyamino acid, had no significant effect on Rt, and (2) the addition of heparin prior to the addition of poly-L-lysine blocked the reduction in Rt. Furthermore, when applied after poly-L-lysine addition, heparin reversed the decrease in Rt in a time-dependent fashion. Increasing the [Ca2+] in the medium from 1 to 10 mM resulted in significant attenuation of the response to polycation addition. These findings suggest that cationic proteins significantly alter the barrier properties of airway epithelium and that cationic charge is a crucial factor. This alteration is not an "all or none" phenomenon, since subsequent addition of heparin resulted in a reversal of the effect. While the precise mechanisms responsible for these observations remain to be elucidated, cationic proteins may be modifying the interaction of extracellular calcium with tight junctions thereby resulting in increased permeability. The barrier function of the epithelium may be perturbed in asthma and a variety of other airway diseases through the presence of cationic proteins derived from inflammatory cells within the airway lumen and/or the subepithelium.
Optimization of Bone Scaffold Porosity Distributions (2019)

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly emerging technology that has the potential to produce personalized scaffolds for tissue engineering applications with unprecedented control of structural and functional design. Particularly for bone defect regeneration, the complex coupling of biological mechanisms to the scaffolds' properties has led to a predominantly trial-and-error approach. To mitigate this, shape or topology optimization can be a useful tool to design a scaffold architecture that matches the desired design targets, albeit at high computational cost. Here, we consider an efficient macroscopic optimization routine based on a simple one-dimensional time-dependent model for bone regeneration in the presence of a bioresorbable polymer scaffold. The result of the optimization procedure is a scaffold porosity distribution which maximizes the stiffness of the scaffold and regenerated bone system over the entire regeneration time, so that the propensity for mechanical failure is minimized.
Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution from dynamic measurements of polymer melts (1986)

Abstract A method for determining the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of a polymer melt has been developed using the dynamic elastic modulus ( G '), plateau modulus ( G ), and zero shear complex viscosity (η ). The cumulative MWD was found to be proportional to a plot of ( G '/ G ) 0.5 vs. measurement frequency (ω). Frequency (ω) was found to be inversely proportional to ( MW ) 3.4 , as expected. Results were scaled to absolute values using the empirical relationship η ∝ ( M̄ w ) 3.4 , where M̄ w is the weight‐average MW. M̄ w , M̄ n (number‐average MW ) and M̄ w /M̄ n calculated from melt measurements were found to agree with size exclusion chromatography usually well within 10 percent for broad and bimodal distribution samples. M̄ w /M̄ n tended to be approximately 20 percent higher for narrow distribution samples (M̄ w /M̄ n &lt; 1.2) because we did not account for a finite distribution of relaxation times from a collection of monodisperse polymer chains. We also did not account for the plasticizing effect of short chains mixed with long ones which caused peak positions to be closer together for Theological vs , size exclusive chromatography (SEC) determinations of MW for bimodal distribution blends.
Inhibition of Efferent Sympathetic Activity in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (1972)

Prior experiments indicated that systemic blood pressure and heart rate were diminished and cardiovascular reflexes attenuated in rats with EAE. The present series demonstrated that spontaneous sympathetic outflow is reduced in afflicted animals and that this most probably contributes to the lower blood pressure.
Regulatory Networks and Complex Interactions between the Insulin and Angiotensin II Signalling Systems: Models and Implications for Hypertension and Diabetes (2013)

The cross-talk between insulin and angiotensin II signalling pathways plays a significant role in the co-occurrence of diabetes and hypertension. We developed a mathematical model of the system of interactions among the biomolecules that are involved in the cross-talk between the insulin and angiotensin II signalling pathways. We have identified several feedback structures that regulate the dynamic behavior of the individual signalling pathways and their interactions. Different scenarios are simulated and dominant steady-state, dynamic and stability characteristics are revealed. The proposed mechanistic model describes how angiotensin II inhibits the actions of insulin and impairs the insulin-mediated vasodilation. The model also predicts that poor glycaemic control induced by diabetes contributes to hypertension by activating the renin angiotensin aystem.
EmojiGrid validation studies (2018)

Results of studies performed to validate the EmojiGrid as a graphical self-report tool to assess experienced end perceived valence and arousal.
260. Cation exchange with a synthetic phenolsulphonate resin. Part II. Equilibria with multivalent cations (1949)

T. R. E. Kressman and J. A. Kitchener, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 1201 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490001201
Performance Limits on Ranging with Cognitive Radio (2009)

Cognitive radio is a promising paradigm for efficient utilization of the radio spectrum due to its capability to sense environmental conditions and adapt its communication and localization features. In this paper, the theoretical limits on time-of-arrival estimation for cognitive radio localization systems are derived in the presence of interference. In addition, an optimal spectrum allocation strategy which provides the best ranging accuracy limits is proposed. The strategy accounts for the constraints from the sensed interference level as well as from the regulatory emission mask. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the improvements that can be achieved by the proposed approach.
Adaptive spatiotemporal distribution of soil microfungi in ‘Evolution Canyon’ III, Nahal Shaharut, extreme southern Negev Desert, Israel (2007)

We examined adaptive spatiotemporal mycobiota structure in the soil of 'Evolution Canyon' III, Nahal Shaharut, in the extreme southern Negev, Israel. A total of 223 species representing 80 genera were isolated using the soil dilution plate method. The microfungal communities in all localities and seasons were characterized by a superdominance of dark-coloured species with large multicelled conidia: Ulocladium atrum, U. botrytis, Alternaria alternata, and Al. chlamydospora . Species of the genus Aspergillus (mainly As. fumigatus ) and teleomorphic ascomycetes comprised a basic part of the thermotolerant mycobiota obtained at a temperature of 37 C. Isolate density displayed high positive dependence on organic matter content. Density was subject to drastic spatiotemporal (especially spatial) fluctuations, with maximum levels found in the shady valley bottom locality. The lowest biodiversity indices were estimated in localities under shrubs and in the most stressful summer and spring. The results demonstrated a clear effect of harsh desert climatic and edaphic selection on the adaptive variation of the mycobiota studied.
Vektorielles Messen und Modellieren von magnetischer Hysterese (2012)

Zusammenfassung Die Qualität numerischer Simulationen ist in entscheidender Weise von den verwendeten Materialmodellen und deren Parametern abhängig. Nur mit guten Modellbeschreibungen kann das Verhalten von Bauteilen, wie Sensoren und Aktoren, zuverlässig vorausberechnet werden. Werden magnetische Materialien sehr hoch ausgesteuert, was bei einem effizienten Einsatz des Materials im Aktorbetrieb notwendig ist, so sind Hystereseerscheinungen nicht mehr zu vernachlässigen. Man benötigt also Modelle, die diese Hystereseerscheinungen abbilden können, sowie Daten für die Modellparameter. Daher sind Messverfahren notwendig, mit denen diese Modellparameter zuverlässig bestimmt werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Messplatz zur vektoriellen Erfassung von magnetischer Hysterese vorgestellt, das sogenannte Vector-Vibrating-Sample-Magnetometer (VVSM). Die Messergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Messmethoden verglichen. Dieser Messplatz dient dazu, die Parameter für ein neues, vektorielles Hysteresemodell zu ermitteln. Das von uns vorgeschlagene Modell basiert auf dem klassischen Preisach-Hysteresemodell. Dieses skalare Modell wird um einen Drehoperator erweitert, der den einzelnen Preisach-Gewichten eine Richtung zuordnet. Die Verifizierung des Modells erfolgt für unterschiedliche Materialien durch einen Vergleich mit den VVSM-Messungen.
Enhancement of the evanescent coupling between deeply-etched IIIV-Si hybrid microring laser and its small Si bus waveguide by using a bending coupler (2009)

This paper presents the design of a bending coupler for a compact deeply-etched IIIV-Si hybrid microring laser. With the design, a relatively large gap (~ 0.45 µm) is enough to result in sufficient evanescent coupling between the IIIV-Si hybrid microring and the Si bus waveguide.
3D Object Reconstruction with Heterogeneous Sensor Data (2008)

In this paper, we reconstruct 3D objects with a heterogeneous sensor network of Range Imaging(RIM) sensors and high-res camcorders. With this setup, we first carry out simple but effective depth calibration for the RIM cameras. We then combine the camcorder silhouette cues and RIM camera depth information, for the reconstruction. Our main contribution is the proposal of a sensor fusion framework so that the computation is general, simple and scalable. Although we only discuss the camcorders and RIM cameras in this paper, the proposed framework can be applied to any type of vision sensors. It uses a space occupancy grid as a probabilistic 3D representation of scene contents. After defining sensing models for each type of sensors, the reconstruction is simply a Bayesian inference problem, and can be solved robustly. The experiments show that the recover full 3D closed shapes substantially improved the quality of the noisy RIM sensor measurement.
Editorial: Mouse models to study sepsis syndrome in humans (2009)

The pathophysiology of sepsis in humans is poorly understood. This common syndrome, responsible for killing hundreds of thousands of patients each year in the United States alone [1], was defined by a consensus statement in 1992 to consist of certain criteria that provide evidence for inflammation in the setting of infection [2]. Severe sepsis was defined as organ failure in the setting of sepsis, and septic shock was defined as severe sepsis where the organ failure was hypotension. The definition for severe sepsis has become the basis for the entry criteria for most clinical trials of sepsis, lumping together heterogenous patients who have some type of infection, some type of secondary inflammation, and some kind of organ failure. The inherent concept in these definitions is that inappropriate or over-abundant inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of the syndrome. At the time that these definitions were made, there were limited numbers of proinflammatory cytokines described (notably, IL-1 and TNF). The dominant hypothesis was that the pathophysiology of sepsis syndrome was related or caused by microbial wall components (such as bacterial LPS), activating immune cells to produce these cytokines, which then in turn induced uncontrolled inflammation. Treatment attempts at blocking these two proinflammatory cytokines failed in patients with sepsis syndrome. Ironically, we now know that deficiency of these cytokines leads to immunocompromise and infections that cause sepsis. Proof of the hypothesis that microbial-induced inflammation is causative in sepsis syndrome is still lacking; this proof will need to come from a study in humans in which part of this cascade is blocked, and there is clear and reproducible, therapeutic benefit. In the meanwhile, numerous experiments worldwide are performed in mouse models with the hope of better understanding microbial-induced inflammation so that such new therapies can be developed.
Leptin Gene Expression Increases With Age Independent of Increasing Adiposity in Rats (1997)

Humans and rats tend to gain weight as they age. Leptin is one regulator of food intake and energy expenditure. To determine if the increase in adiposity with age is related to altered leptin gene expression, we assessed adiposity levels, leptin mRNA levels in epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue (EWAT and IWAT), and uncoupling protein (UCP1) mRNA levels in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) from F344 x BN rats ages 3, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months (n = 8/age). Levels of adiposity determined by the adiposity index and the Lee index increased between ages 3 and 24 months, with a decrease at age 30 months. There were parallel increases with age in body weight, EWAT, and IWAT depot size up to age 24 months, followed by a nonsignificant decrease at age 30 months. Daily food intake was unchanged with age. In EWAT, leptin mRNA per microgram of RNA was unchanged with age, whereas in IWAT, it increased up to 24 months, then declined at 30 months. Total leptin mRNA levels in both IWAT and EWAT depots increased with age, peaking at age 24 months, and were correlated with adiposity. Serum leptin levels increased with age, also peaking at age 24 months, and were correlated with total leptin mRNA in WAT pads and adiposity. The rate of increase in serum leptin was greater than the increase in adiposity with age, suggesting contributions from both the increase in leptin expression per unit of WAT and the increase in WAT depot size. In addition, UCP1 mRNA levels in IBAT did not change with age. These data suggest that adiposity increases with age and cannot be attributed to increased food intake, impaired leptin gene expression, or decreased UCP1 mRNA level in IBAT. Furthermore, leptin gene expression in IWAT increases with age independent of increasing adiposity.