gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Biofilm Formation by Environmental Factors: The Possible Involvement of the Alternative Transcription Factor SigB (2005)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major cause of nosocomial infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices1. Chronic infection of a prosthetic implant can serve as a septic focus that can lead to osteomyelitis, acute sepsis, and death, especially in immunocompromised patients 2 . The ability of S. epidermidis to generate thick biofilms on smooth polymer surfaces is regarded as the crucial step in the pathogenesis of these infections. It is associated with the production of a polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). The PIA represents a linear β -1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan and the bacteria become embedded in this slimy extracellular matrix during the accumulative phase of biofilm formation 3 . The enzymes involved in the PIA synthesis are encoded by the ica ADBC operon which was found to be widespread in S. epidermidis clinical isolates 4,5,6. The expression of this operon undergoes strong intrastrain variation and the investigation of the varying ica -expression revealed that this phenomenon is based on different genetic mechanisms including phase variation, ica -deletions and large chromosomal rearrangements 6,7. In this work we give evidence that S. epidermidis biofilm expression can also be
Enhancement of film-forming reactions for microcrystalline Si growth in atmospheric-pressure plasma using porous carbon electrode (2008)

We have investigated the structural and electrical properties of microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) films deposited with high rates (≥5 nm/s) at 220 °C in atmospheric-pressure He/H2/SiH4 plasma excited by a 150 MHz, very high-frequency (VHF) power. For this purpose, Si films are prepared varying the deposition parameters, such as H2 and SiH4 flow rates (H2 and SiH4 concentrations) and VHF power density, using two types of electrode (porous carbon and cylindrical rotary electrodes). In the case of using the porous carbon electrode, a μc-Si:H film having a crystalline volume fraction of 71.9% is obtained even when hydrogen is not added to the process gas mixture (H2/SiH4=0). In addition, the films exhibit considerably low defect densities of (3–5)×1016 cm–3 despite the high deposition rates. Such high-rate depositions of good-quality films are realized primarily due to the chemical and physical excitations of the film-growing surface by the atmospheric-pressure plasma while suppressing ion damage and excessive heating of the surface. On the other hand, when using the cylindrical rotary electrode, the phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline occurs at around H2/SiH4=70. The enhancement of the film-forming reactions by the porous carbon electrode are discussed from the viewpoint of the gas residence time in the plasma.
Acquired Resistance to Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole during Whipple Disease and Expression of the Causative Target Gene (2008)

Antibiotic susceptibility of fastidious bacteria such as T. whipplei can be evaluated by means of gene complementation techniques. Mutations in the target gene of sulfamethoxazole appear during treatment.
Apport de la cytoponction thyroïdienne à la décision opératoire (1988)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
The genetic code as expressed through relationships between mRNA structure and protein function (2020)

Structured RNA elements within messenger RNA often direct or modulate the cellular production of active proteins. As reviewed here, RNA structures have been discovered that govern nearly every step in protein production: mRNA production and stability; translation initiation, elongation, and termination; protein folding; and cellular localization. Regulatory RNA elements are common within RNAs from every domain of life. This growing body of RNA-mediated mechanisms continues to reveal new ways in which mRNA structure regulates translation. We integrate examples from several different classes of RNA structure-mediated regulation to present a global perspective that suggests that the secondary and tertiary structure of RNA ultimately constitutes an additional level of the genetic code that both guides and regulates protein biosynthesis.
miRNAs in Prediction of Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2017)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of urinary malignancy. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant RCC subtype, accounting for 70-80% of RCC. In recent years, miRNAs have been found to be closely associated with the outcome of the patients with ccRCC. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research exploring the role of miRNAs in predicting prognosis in patients with ccRCC.
Static attributes of thyristors (2007)

Tiristor je poluvodicki element polu-vodljivog karaktera, a koristi se kao upravljacki ventil u raznim podrucjima upravljacke tehnike. Ovim radom ukratko je prazmotremo svojstvo p-n barijere, zatim su dani osnovni podaci i prikazan izraz za kapacitet p-n barijere. Nadaje su obrađena staticka svojstva tiristora, a zatim princip rada, ukljucenje, vođenje i iskljucenje tiristora.
Additions and Corrections: Inhibition of Regeneration in Hydra by Certain New 6-(Substituted)-aminopurines. (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections: Inhibition of Regeneration in Hydra by Certain New 6-(Substituted)-aminopurines.Richard Ham, Robert Eakin, Charles Skinner, and William ShiveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 24, 6697Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online18 May 2004Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01557a608https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01557a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microstructure of a Damascene sabre after annealing (2006)

Abstract X-ray phase analysis combined with high-resolution electron microscopy of samples taken from a genuine Damascus sabre after annealing for 24 hat 400 °C and 800 °C followed by slow cooling down to room temperature has led to a better insight into the nature of cementite nanowires, which have been discovered recently. According to the present study, nanowires remained after 400 °C annealing, but disappeared after heat treatment at 800 °C and subsequent cooling down. On the other hand, perlitic cementite has been retained qualitatively after the same treatment. Knowing that the exceptional mechanical properties of Damascene blades disappear after annealing, the present results suggest a significant influence of the nanowires upon these features.
Regeneration in the mammalian optic nerve. (2001)

Since the first studies on axonal regeneration, the optic nerve (ON) of higher vertebrates has been considered a good experimental system to investigate the failure of mature CNS neurons to re-grow after axotomy. The optic nerve is composed of a single population of fibers the RGC axons and, being separated from the rest of the brain, it is easily accessible to surgical manipulations. All the fibers can be transected without massive damage to the surrounding tissue, so their reaction to axotomy is not perturbed by extended inflammation processes. Another advantage of the system is the accessibility of RGCs. Being in the more internal retinal layer, RGCs are directly exposed to the humor vitreus, the liquid filling the posterior chamber of the eye. Pharmaceutical treatments are easily injected into the eye and, diffusing in the vitreus, can reach all the RGCs. Last but not least, functional recovery can be easily monitored in the optic nerve; measurement of electrical activity in response to visual stimuli in CNS regions that receive inputs from the retina such as superior colliculus or visual cortex allows evaluation of the re-growth of ON fibers and the restoration of connections. All the experiments carried out so far indicate that the failure of regeneration in the ON, as in the majority of the CNS districts, is a multi-factorial phenomenon, involving three classes of negative events. 1) RGCs die after axotomy: in the adult rat, their number is reduced to a very small percentage in a few weeks after the lesion. 2) The majority of mature axotomised RGCs are not programmed to re-start the process of axonal elongation that they displayed in immature stages. 3) The optic nerve environment contains molecules many of them upregulated after the lesion that are inhibitory for axonal growth. This review, focused on experiments performed in the mammalian optic nerve, traces attempts made to overcome each of these three obstacles, and maps progress towards a combined therapeutic strategy.
Automatic Array Transformation to Columnar Storage at Run Time (2022)

Today’s huge memories make it possible to store and process large data structures in memory instead of in a database. Hence, accesses to this data should be optimized, which is normally relegated either to the runtimes and compilers or is left to the developers, who often lack the knowledge about optimization strategies. As arrays are often part of the language, developers frequently use them as an underlying storage mechanism. Thus, optimization of arrays may be vital to improve performance of data-intensive applications. While compilers can apply numerous optimizations to speed up accesses, it would also be beneficial to adapt the actual layout of the data in memory to improve cache utilization. However, runtimes and compilers typically do not perform such memory layout optimizations. In this work, we present an approach to dynamically perform memory layout optimizations on arrays of objects to transform them into a columnar memory layout, a storage layout frequently used in analytical applications that enables faster processing of read-intensive workloads. By integration into a state-of-the-art JavaScript runtime, our approach can speed up queries for large workloads by up to 9x, where the initial transformation overhead is amortized over time.
Induction of Amyloid-β42 Production by Fipronil and Other Pyrazole Insecticides (2018)

Generation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), especially increased production of Aβ42/Aβ43 over Aβ40, and their aggregation as oligomers and plaques, represent a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In familial AD (FAD), altered Aβ production originates from specific mutations of AβPP or presenilins 1/2 (PS1/PS2), the catalytic subunits of γ-secretase. In sporadic AD, the origin of altered production of Aβs remains unknown. We hypothesize that the 'human chemical exposome' contains products able to favor the production of Aβ42/Aβ43 over Aβ40 and shorter Aβs. To detect such products, we screened a library of 3500 + compounds in a cell-based assay for enhanced Aβ42/Aβ43 production. Nine pyrazole insecticides were found to induce a β- and γ-secretase-dependent, 3-10-fold increase in the production of extracellular Aβ42 in various cell lines and neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from healthy and FAD patients. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analyses showed increased production of Aβs cleaved at positions 42/43, and reduced production of peptides cleaved at positions 38 and shorter. Strongly supporting a direct effect on γ-secretase activity, pyrazoles shifted the cleavage pattern of another γ-secretase substrate, alcadeinα, and shifted the cleavage of AβPP by highly purified γ-secretase toward Aβ42/Aβ43. Focusing on fipronil, we showed that some of its metabolites, in particular the persistent fipronil sulfone, also favor the production of Aβ42/Aβ43 in both cell-based and cell-free systems. Fipronil administered orally to mice and rats is known to be metabolized rapidly, mostly to fipronil sulfone, which stably accumulates in adipose tissue and brain. In conclusion, several widely used pyrazole insecticides enhance the production of toxic, aggregation prone Aβ42/Aβ43 peptides, suggesting the possible existence of environmental "Alzheimerogens" which may contribute to the initiation and propagation of the amyloidogenic process in sporadic AD.
On computing optimized input probabilities for random tests (1987)

Self testing of integrated circuits by random patterns has several technical and economical advantages. But there exists a large number of circuits which cannot be randomly tested, since the fault coverage achieved that way would be too low. In this paper we show that this problem can be solved by unequiprobable random patterns, and an efficient procedure is presented computing the specific optimal probability for each primary input of a combinational network.
Cramer-Rao bounds for MIMO LOS systems affected by distributed Wiener phase noise in the large-blocklength regime (2014)

In this paper, we compute the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound for a MIMO line-of-sight system with independent equal oscillators at each antenna and Wiener phase-noise model. In particular, we consider the case where the blocklength is large enough and derive analytical expressions for the bound in the middle of the block. The results distinguish between phase detectors that can use both past and future samples (smoothers) and phase detectors that are bound to use only past samples (filters). Simulation results show that the performance dictated by the bounds can be achieved within a 2-dB SNR gap.
First synthesis of cyclotrihydrazino peptides (1997)

S. Carret, M. Baudy-Floc'h, A. Robert and P. Le Grel, Chem. Commun., 1997, 1441 DOI: 10.1039/A701932G
HEAT FLUX MEASUREMENT BY USING A HEAT PIPE BASED HEAT FLUXSENSOR (2017)

Heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density or heat flow rate intensity is a flow of energy per unit area. In SI units, it is measured in [Wm-2]. Measurements of heat flux are usually derived from temperature measurements. Under a temperature gradient the two thermocouples will be at different temperature and so register a voltage. The heat flux is proportional to this differential voltage. An effective way of measuring the heat flux in furnaces, boilers, ovens and similar other systems for combined convection and radiation mode of heat transfer by a heat pipe based heat flux sensor is described in this proposal. A cylindrical sensing element made out of Copper it is exposed to the heat source. The sensing element is insulated in the cylindrical surface so that one-dimensional heat conduction is ensured in the sensing element. By applying the Fourier law of heat conduction, the heat flux received by the sensing element can be evaluated at steady state by measuring the temperature difference between the two specific points in the sensing element. Since the sensing element is connected thermally to the heat pipe, the whole system will reach steady state in relatively short time duration.
OCT-1–mediated influx is a key determinant of the intracellular uptake of imatinib but not nilotinib (AMN107): reduced OCT-1 activity is the cause of low in vitro sensitivity to imatinib (2006)

Intrinsic sensitivity of newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients to imatinib (IC50(imatinib)) correlates with molecular response. IC50(imatinib) is defined as the in vitro concentration of drug required to reduce phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Crkl by 50%. We now show that interpatient variability in IC50(imatinib) is mainly due to differences in the efficiency of imatinib intracellular uptake and retention (IUR). In 25 untreated CML patients, the IC50(imatinib) strongly correlated (R (2) = -0.484, P = .014 at 2 muM imatinib) with the IUR of [(14)C]imatinib. The addition of prazosin, a potent inhibitor of OCT-1 cellular transporter, reduced the IUR and eliminated interpatient variability. IC50 values for the more potent BCR-ABL inhibitor nilotinib (AMN107) did not correlate with IC50(imatinib) (R(2) =-0.0561, P > .05). There was also no correlation between IC50(nilotinib) and the IUR for [(14)C]nilotinib (R (2) = 0.457, P > .05). Prazosin had no effect on nilotinib IUR, suggesting that influx of nilotinib is not mediated by OCT-1. In conclusion, whereas OCT-1-mediated influx may be a key determinant of molecular response to imatinib, it is unlikely to impact on cellular uptake and patient response to nilotinib. Determining interpatient and interdrug differences in cellular uptake and retention could allow individual optimization of kinase inhibitor therapy.
Etiology of Cartilage Lesions Does Not Affect Clinical Outcomes of Patellofemoral Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (2021)

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Probehead with interchangeable loop-gap resonators and rf coils for multifrequency EPR/ENDOR (1994)

A probehead employing interchangeable loop-gap resonators and rf coils for multifrequency EPR/ENDOR spectroscopy from 1 to 10 GHz is described. A precision coupling mechanism allows accurate magnetic coupling of the microwaves to the resonators. The Rexolite© support of the resonator acts as a spool for the ENDOR coil. rf fields of 1.0 mT are generated. The coil and resonator can be easily changed to cover the range of 1–10 GHz. Liquid-phase ENDOR spectra of the stable free-radical galvanoxyl and of the spin label TEMPONE (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-l-piperidine-N-oxyl) dissolved in n-heptane are shown. The ENDOR enhancement for nitrogen from TEMPONE is 15 times larger at 2.3 than at 9.3 GHz due to the rf enhancement.
Enhanced quantum coherence in exchange coupled spins via singlet-triplet transitions (2018)

Manipulation of spin states at the single-atom scale underlies spin-based quantum information processing and spintronic devices. These applications require protection of the spin states against quantum decoherence due to interactions with the environment. While a single spin is easily disrupted, a coupled-spin system can resist decoherence by using a subspace of states that is immune to magnetic field fluctuations. Here, we engineered the magnetic interactions between the electron spins of two spin-1/2 atoms to create a “clock transition” and thus enhance their spin coherence. To construct and electrically access the desired spin structures, we use atom manipulation combined with electron spin resonance (ESR) in a scanning tunneling microscope. We show that a two-level system composed of a singlet state and a triplet state is insensitive to local and global magnetic field noise, resulting in much longer spin coherence times compared with individual atoms. Moreover, the spin decoherence resulting from the interaction with tunneling electrons is markedly reduced by a homodyne readout of ESR. These results demonstrate that atomically precise spin structures can be designed and assembled to yield enhanced quantum coherence.
A 500MHz Random Cycle 1.5ns-Latency, SOI Embedded DRAM Macro Featuring a 3T Micro Sense Amplifier (2007)

A prototype SOI embedded DRAM macro is developed for high-performance microprocessors and introduces performance-enhancing 3T micro sense amplifier architecture (muSA). The macro was characterized via a test chip fabricated in a 65nm SOI deep-trench DRAM process. Measurements confirm 1.5ns random access time with a 1V supply at 85deg and low voltage operation with a 600mV supply.
The Clinical and Immunologic Responses of Normal Human Volunteers to Low Dose Hookworm (Necator americanus) Infection (1987)

Five normal human volunteers were exposed to approximately 50 infective larvae of Necator americanus and were observed for the development of clinical signs or symptoms and for changes in blood eosinophil levels, IgG antibody titers, total and parasite-specific IgE, and lymphocyte blastogenic responses for 6-10 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on four subjects prior to infection and at times when larval migration through the pulmonary tree was likely. Eggs were demonstrated in the stools of four volunteers who remained untreated for more than 6 weeks; one volunteer had to be treated at day 40 because of severe gastrointestinal symptoms. All others also complained of abdominal pain and flatulence between days 35-40. All volunteers developed marked blood eosinophilia which peaked between days 38-64 and ranged from 1,350-3,828 eosinophils/mm3. Small increases in total and parasite-specific IgE and IgG were noted in some volunteers. One volunteer showed a significant lymphocyte blastogenic response. With the exception of mucosal erythema, bronchoalveolar lavage results were unremarkable. Our data indicate that a single small inoculum of hookworm larvae is capable of producing significant transient gastrointestinal morbidity and marked blood eosinophilia but does not induce other prominent T cell- and B cell-dependent immune responses.
Synthesis of novel dopaminergic ligands: A bioisosteric approach (2000)

This research describes the development of a new strategy for discovering novel dopaminergic compounds by utilizing two routes described previously. These routes were to rigidify the elements of the trans-β-dopamine-β-phenyl pharmacophore with methylene linkages and to substitute the elements of this pharmacophore with bioisosteric groups. The new strategy is a hybrid approach where the methylene linkages are replaced with bioisosteric ether linkages. Three series of compounds were designed and synthesized from the full dopamine D1 agonists dihydrexidine (2) and dinapsoline ( 3). The syntheses of these compounds involved Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, lithiations, enolate formation, ether syntheses, and isoquinoline syntheses and transformations. The ether bioisostere of dinapsoline that was named dinoxyline (5) was shown to be a full D1 agonist (EC50 = 30 nM) with approximately equal affinity for D1 (Ki = 7 nM) and D2 (Ki = 6 nM) receptors. Dinoxyline (5) also has high affinity for D3 (K i = 5 nM) and D4 (Ki = 43 nM) receptors. A ring-expanded analogue of dinoxyline (8) was synthesized that had little affinity (Ki > 1,000 nM) for the dopamine receptors tested. This result was surprising because a similar ring expanded analogue of dinapsoline (13) was able to bind to dopamine receptors. The ether analogue of dihydrexidine was named O-dihydrexidine (O-DHX; 9) and had low affinity (Ki > 1,000 nM) for the dopamine receptors tested. In order to develop further conclusions about these compounds, the N-allyl and N-propyl compounds were synthesized and their affinity for dopamine receptors measured. N-Alkylation did not increase affinity of dinoxyline for D2-like receptors as had been previously described for dihydrexidine (2) and dinapsoline (3). In addition, methyl groups were appropriately added to dinoxyline (5) and dinapsoline (3) to mimic the steric bulk of dihydrexidine's (3) 7,8-ethano bridge. These compounds were designed to determine the steric requirements for this region of the D 1 and D2 receptors. A detailed SAR study of the target compounds is presented.