gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence mechanisms in organic light emitting devices employing a europium chelate doped in a wide energy gap bipolar conducting host (2000)

The mechanism for energy transfer leading to electroluminescence (EL) of a lanthanide complex, Eu(TTA)3phen (TTA=thenoyltrifluoroacetone,phen=1,10-phenanthroline), doped into 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) host is investigated. With the device structure of anode/hole transport layer/Eu(TTA)3phen(1%):CPB/electron transport layer/cathode, we achieve a maximum external EL quantum efficiency (η) of 1.4% at a current density of 0.4 mA/cm2. Saturated red Eu3+ emission based on D5x–7Fx transitions is centered at a wavelength of 612 nm with a full width at half maximum of 3 nm. From analysis of the electroluminescent and photoluminescent spectra, and the current density–voltage characteristics, we conclude that direct trapping of holes and electrons and subsequent formation of the excitons occurs on the dopant, leading to high quantum efficiencies at low current densities. With increasing current between 1 and 100 mA/cm2, however, a significant decrease of η along with an increase in CBP host emission is observed. We demonstrate that the decrease in η at high current densities can be explained by triplet–triplet annihilation.
Cyanophycin Modifications—Widening the Application Potential (2021)

A circular bioeconomy approach is essential to slowing down the fearsome ongoing climate change. Replacing polymers derived from fossil fuels with biodegradable biobased polymers is one crucial part of this strategy. Cyanophycin is a polymer consisting of amino acids produced by cyanobacteria with many potential applications. It consists mainly of aspartic acid and arginine, however, its composition may be changed at the production stage depending on the conditions of the polymerization reaction, as well as the characteristics of the enzyme cyanophycin synthetase, which is the key enzyme of catalysis. Cyanophycin synthetases from many sources were expressed heterologously in bacteria, yeast and plants aiming at high yields of the polymer or at introducing different amino acids into the structure. Furthermore, cyanophycin can be modified at the post-production level by chemical and enzymatic methods. In addition, cyanophycin can be combined with other compounds to yield hybrid materials. Although cyanophycin is an attractive polymer for industry, its usage as a sole material remains so far limited. Finding new variants of cyanophycin may bring this polymer closer to real-world applications. This short review summarizes all modifications of cyanophycin and its variants that have been reported within the literature until now, additionally addressing their potential applications.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells of Young and Adult Rats Respond Similarly to Platelet‐Released Supernatant and Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐6 In Vitro (2006)

The data demonstrate that, irrespective of their age, bone marrow stromal cells respond similarly to PRS and BMP-6 under in vitro conditions. These findings suggest that osteoprogenitor cells within the bone marrow of adult rats retain their juvenile potential to respond to growth and differentiation factors, which are released naturally or are applied therapeutically at sites of bone regeneration.
A Three-Phase AC-AC Matrix Converter with Simplified Bidirectional Power Control for Inductive Power Transfer Systems (2018)

The use of direct three-phase ac-ac matrix converter with bidirectional power control for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems is proposed. The converter enables direct power conversion between low-frequency three-phase AC mains and high-frequency IPT systems. A digital power controller is designed and developed to regulate the power transfer rate at the desired level in both directions. A simplified circuit for the bidirectional power controller is presented which can be implemented with a few number of logic components or using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The controller enables soft-switching operations and benefits from the resonance frequency tracking capability to maintain the high-efficiency power transmission at any operating conditions. The converter achieves bidirectional power transfer which is specifically useful for establishing grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connections through inductive electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging systems. Also, the proposed converter can be employed in dynamic IPT systems as it can cope with variations of the system. The controller design methodology, simulation analysis, and the preliminary experimental results of the proposed matrix converter on a case study inductive battery charging system are presented in detail.
Focal Plane Temperature Stability Requirements for Thermal Imaging Systems Using Extrinsic Si:In Detectors (1985)

The use of Si: In IR detectors in high performance thermal imaging systems imposes a stringent requirement on the temperature stability of the focal plane. In this paper, we calculate that temperature fluctuations of the focal plane must be kept to less than either 12 mK or 1.2 mK for thermal imaging systems capable of resolving 0.1°C or 0.01°C temperature differences, respectively, in the scene being imaged.
Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis (2023)

The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
Anticipating on future evolutions during the network planning process (2004)

This paper indicates the importance of using long-term traffic predictions in the network planning process. In the described case study, the proposed anticipated planning methodology leads to cost savings of 7% compared to traditional approaches.
A new chaotic system for the authentication and electronic certification procedures (2003)

The necessity of protecting data and/or information leads researchers to develop new and more sophisticated methods of cryptography. The last generation of encryption algorithms is based on non-deterministic methodologies, and looks towards new solutions, rising from chaos theory applications. This paper deals with new methods of authentication and of electronic signature (or electronic certification) chaotic algorithms-based, supported by digital architecture easily realizable on a smart card.
Contact mechanics of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors (1998)

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors are driven by tangential stresses in the interface between stator and rotor. These stresses are generated by the elliptical motion of the material points of the stator or rotor surface and depend on frictional processes in the contact area. The contact mechanics of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors determines the operational characteristics, like rotational speed and torque or transmitted mechanical power and efficiency. Wear properties and lifetime of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors are also determined by contact mechanics. The goal of the present paper is to summarize the state of the art in the understanding of some fundamental processes governing the contact mechanics of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors. After a short introduction, a survey of publications devoted to the subject will be given. Then, an attempt will be made to classify the mechanical models, which were developed in order to explain the contact mechanics of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors, according to the physical effects which have been taken into account in their derivation. Some results concerning the choice of proper contact materials, wear and lifetime of ultrasonic motors will be addressed in a separate section. Finally a summary and outlook will be given and open questions for future research will be formulated.
Liquid-Crystalline Inorganic-Organic Hybrids Based on Terminally Attached Mesogens (2001)

The results of the synthesis and the investigaiton of a number of multipodal and branched siloxane and silsesquixane liquid crystals is reported.
Classification of Designs for RRSS Linkages (2001)

Abstract This paper presents a classification of designs for an RRSS spatial linkage. The analysis of this linkage results in a well-known constraint equation that defines the configuration of the chain for given values of the input crank angle. The range of movement of this crank is defined by a condition on the values of the input crank angle. This condition is a quartic polynomial and its real roots provide a way to classify the movement of the RRSS linkage. This condition yields as many as four real roots, which means the input crank angle of an RRSS linkage can have up to four limits to its range of movement. We use three polynomial discriminants obtained from this quartic condition in order to find explicit conditions for all cases available for the movement of the input crank. Examples for each case are provided. This result provides a means to classify the RRSS linkage, and is important for the computer-aided-design of these spatial mechanisms.
A Novel Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation Method for IEEE 802.16E System (2007)

A new carrier frequency offset estimation method is proposed for OFDM based IEEE 802.16E system, with good tolerance to long-delay-spread multipath fading and time synchronization error. New designed correlation method utilizing approximate symmetry of the preamble can overcome the negative influence of imperfect periodicity caused by virtual subcarriers of preamble symbol. Simulations show that the proposed method can be more effective than CP based method in practical multipath fading channel, in terms of root mean square of estimation error. And the proposed method can be easily generalized for other OFDM based systems with inter- training symbol subcarrier spacing other than 3.
Genome scan of idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Evidence for major susceptibility gene and modifying genes influencing the seizure type (2001)

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is a common, complex disease with an almost exclusively genetic etiology but with variable phenotypes. Clinically, IGE can be divided into different syndromes. Varying lines of evidence point to the involvement of several interacting genes in the etiology of IGE. We performed a genome scan in 91 families ascertained through a proband with adolescent-onset IGE. The IGEs included juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), and epilepsy with generalized tonic clonic seizures (EGTCS). Our linkage results support an oligogenic model for IGE, with strong evidence for a locus common to most IGEs on chromosome 18 (lod score 4.4/5.2 multipoint/two-point) and other loci that may influence specific seizure phenotypes for different IGEs: a previously identified locus on chromosome 6 for JME (lod score 2.5/4.2), a locus on chromosome 8 influencing non-JME forms of IGE (lod score 3.8/2.5), and, more tentatively, two newly discovered loci for absence seizures on chromosome 5 (lod scores 3.8/2.8 and 3.4/1.9). Our data also suggest that the genetic classification of different forms of IGE is likely to cut across the clinical classification of these subforms of IGE. We hypothesize that interactions of different combinations of these loci produce the related heterogeneous phenotypes seen in IGE families. Ann Neurol 2001;49:328–335
A SpatioTemporal Model for Seasonal Influenza (2011)

This paper describes an attempt to model seasonal influenza using the SpatioTemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM). Ten years of influenza data collected at 49 locations in Israel by the Israeli Center for Disease Control was used to fit the model, and a deterministic SIR(S) compartmental disease model was extended to account for seasonal variation in transmission rates as well as mixing of infected individuals between geographic regions. An adaptive step-size ordinary differential equation solver generated the time series data, and model parameters were fitted to the first few seasonal cycles of the experimental data and compared to subsequent cycles. The model used a sinusoidal seasonal variation of the transmission rate using an exponent parameter, and the best fit exponent was found to be very close to the square root of a sine function (exponent = 0.55), rather than the simple sine function typically used. Other results found that the transmission coefficient was high most of the year and that spatial mixing was high with 90% of people regularly visiting adjacent regions. The study obtained an excellent fit for the first two annual cycles (with less than 3% Root Mean Square error), with rapidly degrading accuracy in subsequent years. Finally, the annual variation in influenza species and strain suggests that a multi-serotype model for seasonal flu should provide better predictive capability. STEM and the mathematical models used in the study are all open source, available at www.eclipse.org/stem. An extension of the model to incorporate multiple serotypes will be studied in the future.
First rotationEucalyptus macarthuriicut stump control in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2006)

Many cold tolerant eucalypts, E. macarthurii in particular, coppice vigorously following harvesting, and in contrast to E. grandis are proving difficult to kill by existing cut stump control methods. Based on past research, selected cut stump treatments were tested on single stem E. macarthurii trees, that had not been coppiced, in Paulpieterburg, KwaZulu-Natal. These included the application of the herbicide triclopyr (amine salt, 360 g l−1), alone, or in combination with glyphosate (isopropylamine salt, 360 g l−1), either to the cut-surface, or to a basal frill. Due to the uncertainty as to the efficacy of these treatments for killing stumps of species other than E. grandis, the above treatments were integrated with current harvest residue management operations (burning; the piling of harvest residues on top of stumps; removal of the harvest residues away from the stumps) to determine if any of these further reduced the level of coppicing. Compared to the removal of slash away from the stumps, the burning, or piling of slash on top of the stumps resulted in a significant but small reduction in coppice regrowth. At the rates tested both herbicides killed 83-90 % of the stumps, irrespective of how they were applied (basal frill or cut surface). This result has important commercial implications as it will allow the forest companies the flexibility to choose the herbicides, and (or) manner in which they are to be applied.
A Case of Splenic Infarction Complicating Lymphoma (2009)

Splenic infarcts are comparatively less common lesions. Caused by the occlusion of the major splenic artery or any of its branches, they are almost always due to emboli that arise in the heart. The spleen, along with the kidneys and brain, ranks as one of the most frequent sites of localization of systemic emboli. Infarcts may be small or large, multiple or single, and sometimes involve the entire organ. Usually these infarcts are of the bland anemic type. Septic infarcts are found in vegetative endocarditis of the valves of the left side of the heart. Much less often, infarcts in the spleen are caused by local thromboses, especially in leukemia, myeloproliferative syndrome, sickle cell anemia, polyarteritis nodosa, Hodgkin's disease, and bacteremic diseases. We experienced a rather unusual splenic infarction due to lymphoma in a 80-year-old man.
Does the differential seedling mortality caused by slugs alter the foliar traits and subsequent susceptibility of hybrid willows to a generalist herbivore? (2007)

Abstract 1. Many Salicaceae species naturally form hybrid swarms with parental and hybrid taxa that differ in secondary chemical profile and in resistance to herbivores. Theoretically, the differential mortality in the seedling stage can lead to changes in trait expression and alter subsequent interactions between plants and herbivores. This study examines whether herbivory by the generalist slug Arion subfuscus , which causes extensive mortality in young willow seedlings, causes shifts in (a) the foliar chemistry of F2 willow hybrids ( Salix sericea and Salix eriocephala ), and (b) the subsequent susceptibility to Japanese Beetles, Popillia japonica . 2. In 2001, two populations of F2 seedlings were generated: those that survived slug herbivory (80–90% of seedlings placed in the field were killed by the slugs) were designated as S‐plants, whereas C‐plants (controls) experienced no mortality. 3. Common garden experiments with cuttings from these populations, in 2001 and 2002, revealed extensive variation in the phenolic chemistry of F2 hybrids, but revealed no significant difference between S‐ and C‐plants, although the levels of foliar nutrients, proteins and nitrogen tended to be higher in S‐plants. 4. Concentrations of salicortin and 2′‐cinnamoylsalicortin explained 55 and 38% of the the variation in leaf damage caused by Japanese beetles, and secondary chemistry was highly correlated within replicate clones (salicortin R 2 = 0.85, 2‐cinnamoylsalicortin R 2 = 0.77, condensed tannins R 2 = 0.68). 5. Interestingly, Japanese beetle damage and condensed tannins were positively correlated within the S‐plants, but not in the C‐plants, suggesting that slugs had selected for plants with a positive relationship between tannins and P. japonica damage. This is unlikely to be a consequence of a preference for tannins, but is suggested to be related to the elevated nutrient levels in the S‐plants, perhaps in combination with the complex‐binding properties of tannins. 6. The damage was highly correlated within replicate clones and a model choice analysis suggested that Japanese beetle damage may be explained by four factors: concentrations of salicortin, condensed tannins, and nitrogen, as well as the specific leaf area (thick leaves were damaged less).
Wavelength dependent UV-Vis photodetectors from SnS2 flakes (2015)

Photodetectors based on thin SnS<sub>2</sub> flakes, which were grown <italic>via</italic> a facile path, were fabricated using photo-lithography. These devices showed obvious wavelength dependent photo-responsive characteristics, as the illuminating wavelength varied in the UV-Vis range.
Laboratory and field performance of FOS sensors in static and dynamic strain monitoring in concrete bridge decks (2006)

There is a growing need for designing and constructing innovative concrete bridges using FRP reinforcing bars as internal reinforcement to avoid the corrosion problems and high costs of maintenance and repair. For efficient use and to increase the lifetime of these bridges, it is important to develop efficient monitoring systems for such innovative structures. Fabry-Perot and Bragg fibre optic sensors (FOS) that can measure the strains and temperature are promising candidates for life-long health monitoring of these structures. This article reports laboratory and field performance of Fabry-Perot and Bragg FOS sensors as well as electrical strain gauges in static and dynamic strain monitoring in concrete bridge decks. The laboratory tests include tensile testing of glass FRP bars and testing of full-scale concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with glass and carbon FRP bars under static and cyclic concentrated loads. The field tests include static and dynamic testing of two bridges reinforced with steel and glass FRP bars. The obtained strain results showed satisfactory agreement between the different gauges.
Efficient binary-level coverage analysis (2020)

Code coverage analysis plays an important role in the software testing process. More recently, the remarkable effectiveness of coverage feedback has triggered a broad interest in feedback-guided fuzzing. In this work, we introduce bcov, a tool for binary-level coverage analysis. Our tool statically instruments x86-64 binaries in the ELF format without compiler support. We implement several techniques to improve efficiency and scale to large real-world software. First, we bring Agrawal’s probe pruning technique to binary-level instrumentation and effectively leverage its superblocks to reduce overhead. Second, we introduce sliced microexecution, a robust technique for jump table analysis which improves CFG precision and enables us to instrument jump table entries. Additionally, smaller instructions in x86-64 pose a challenge for inserting detours. To address this challenge, we aggressively exploit padding bytes and systematically host detours in neighboring basic blocks.