gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unit Cell Synthesis for Design of Materials With Targeted Nonlinear Deformation Response (2017)

A systematic unit cell synthesis approach is presented for designing metamaterials from a unit cell level, which are made out of linearly elastic constitutive materials to achieve tunable nonlinear deformation characteristics. This method is expected to serve as an alternative to classical Topology Optimization methods (solid isotropic material with penalization or homogenization) in specific cases by carrying out unit cell synthesis and subsequent size optimization (SO). The unit cells are developed by synthesizing elemental components with simple geometries that display geometric nonlinearity under deformation. The idea is to replace the physical nonlinear behavior of the target material by adding geometric nonlinearities associated with the deforming entities and thus, achieve large overall deformations with small linear strains in each deformed entity. A case study is presented, which uses the proposed method to design a metamaterial that mimics the nonlinear deformation behavior of a military tank track rubber pad under compression. Two unit cell concepts that successfully match the nonlinear target rubber compression curve are evaluated. Conclusions and scope for future work to develop the method are discussed.
Prostate Cancer Early Detection: a Clinical Perspective (2001)

In the US prostate cancer is a significant public health concern due to its high incidence and mortality costs of detection and treatment and the lack of best form of treatment for any stage of the disease. With the introduction of methods of prostate cancer detection a dramatic increase was observed in the number of prostate cancer cases indicating that the introduction of effective screening test leads to detection of the disease in more patients. Prostate cancer screening or early detection has been accomplished through digital rectal examination measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transrectal ultrasonography and a combination of these tests. First-line detection effort should focus on the use of digital rectal examination and serum PSA. However early detection of prostate cancer requires consideration of economic issues because the cost of early detection is not limited to the screening tests alone. In this regard patients must be informed on the risks and benefits of prostate cancer screening before it is carried out.
Noncovalently Associated cell-penetrating Peptides for Gene Delivery Applications (2013)

The use of various cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to deliver genetic material for gene therapy applications has been a topic of interest for more than 20 years. The delivery of genetic material by using CPPs can be divided into two categories: covalently bound and electrostatically bound. Complexity of the synthesis procedure can be a significant barrier to translation when using a strategy requiring covalent binding of CPPs. In contrast, electrostatically complexing CPPs with genetic material or with a viral vector is relatively simple and has been demonstrated to improve gene delivery in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review highlights gene therapy applications of complexes formed noncovalently between CPPs and genetic material or viruses.
CA 5-108: REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA. LA ADAPTACIÓN A LA TEMPERATURA DEL NEONATO EN EL PARTO. (2016)

INTRODUCCION La termorregulacion es la capacidad del recien nacido para producir calor y conservar la temperatura normal del cuerpo (36.5oC – 37.5oC) mediante diversas adaptaciones fisiologicas. El recien nacido produce calor principalmente por la termogenesis quimica o termogenesis sin estremecimiento. Este sistema produce un aumento del metabolismo y del oxigeno requerido, y a su vez aprovecha el metabolismo de la grasa parda. Periodos prolongados de hipotermia agotan los depositos de grasa parda y provocan un mayor gasto energetico, riesgo de hipoglucemia y acidosis metabolica. Cuanto mas pequeno sea el neonato mas susceptible sera de tener importantes perdidas de calor.
UV-C LEDs and their use in disinfection applications (2022)

UV-C radiation for disinfection applications is used for decades. The major light source in most of these applications is the mercury containing UV-C low-pressure discharge lamp. Compared to this mature technology the UV-C LED is still new and in the introduction phase. LEDs enable new applications which cannot or have not been addressed by conventional lamps before. The radiant power, efficiency and price performance of today’s UV-C LEDs show a significant gap to the conventional lamp and a direct replacement of the current technology seems to be very challenging. In this paper we are trying to estimate the point of time by when UV-C LEDs are able to replace conventional UV-C lamps in different applications by performing a total cost of ownership calculation of the UV-C source at several time points in the future based on roadmaps for different performance parameters and considerations of the respective application efficiencies. A comparison of the applications upper air treatment, secondary air treatment, batten fixture surface treatment and municipal water treatment shows that in some applications a lamp replacement by LED is already realistic today. The significant difference of the application efficiency between LED and lamp-based systems lead to an earlier possible adoption of the LED technology than expected from a direct comparison of the performance parameters of the sources itself.
Scale-Up of Natural Products Isolation (1998)

The term “scale-up” has been interpreted here as increasing the output of the product. This can be achieved by increasing the scale of the operation or increasing the concentration of product in the starting material. In the former case, this chapter considers increasing scale to the maximum that can be conveniently operated in a laboratory environment. It thus excludes operations requiring “process-scale” facilities and chemical-engineering expertise. The chapter will consider mainly secondary microbial metabolites, but many aspects of isolation can also be applied to plant products. Although laboratory-scale facilities are assumed (and indeed all procedures discussed can be performed in an average chemical laboratory), for the larger scales of operation, e.g., the manipulation of 5- to 10-L volumes, a 750-mm-high bench is preferable to the standard 900-mm height. For operations requiring a fume cupboard, a “walk-in” type (i.e., having adjustable or removable benching) is recommended for the same reason. It has been assumed that 10-L fermenters and the apparatus associated with the processing of their contents is the maximum comfortable “laboratory” scale.
Improved Component Placement Accuracy with Robotic-Arm Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty (2020)

Component position of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to influence prosthetic survivorships and clinical outcomes. Our objective was to compare the three-dimensional accuracy to plan of robotic-arm assisted TKA (RATKA) with conventional TKA for component position. We conducted a nonrandomized, prospective study comparing 143 RATKA with 86 conventional TKA operated at four U.S. centers between July 2016 and October 2018. Computed tomography (CT) scans obtained approximately 6 weeks postoperatively were analyzed using anatomical landmarks. Absolute deviation from surgical plans were defined as the absolute value of the difference between the CT measurements and surgeons' femoral and tibial component mechanical varus/valgus alignment, tibial component posterior slope, and femoral component internal/external rotation. Differences of absolute deviations were tested using stratified Wilcoxon's tests that controlled for study center. Patient-reported outcome measures collected through 1 postoperative year were modeled using multiple regression controlling for age, sex, body mass index, study center, and the preoperative score. RATKA demonstrated greater accuracy for tibial component alignment (median [25th, 75th percentiles] absolute deviation from plan of all centers combined for conventional vs. RA, 1.7 [0.9, 2.9] vs. 0.9 [0.4, 1.9] degrees, <i>p</i> < 0.001), femoral component rotation (1.5 [0.9, 2.5] vs. 1.3 [0.6, 2.5] degrees, <i>p</i> = 0.015), and tibial slope (2.9 [1.5, 5.0] vs. 1.1 [0.6, 2.0] degrees, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, RATKA showed significantly greater Veterans RAND 12-item health survey (VR-12) physical component scores (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.4 [0.2, 4.5] points, <i>p</i> = 0.034) and qualitatively greater Knee Society (KS) composite functional scores (3.5 [-1.3, 8.2] points, <i>p</i> = 0.159), though not statistically significant. Compared with conventional instrumentation, RATKA demonstrated greater three-dimensional accuracy to plan for various component positioning parameters and clinical improvements in physical status and function with no major safety concerns during the first postoperative year. These results may be attributed to the preoperative CT scan planning, real-time intraoperative feedback, and stereotactic-guided cutting that takes into consideration patient-specific bony anatomy. These findings support the use of RATKA for enhanced arthroplasty outcomes.
Strengthening Glass‐Ceramics by Application of Compressive Glazes (1968)

Glasses in the Na 2 O–Ba0–A1 2 O 3 ‐Si0 2 system, nucleated with TiO 2 , were heat‐treated to effect controlled crystallization. Resulting materials consisted of a dense, micro‐crystalline mixture of nepheline (Na 2 0–A1 2 O 3 ‐2SiO 2 ) and barium feldspar (BaO‐A1 2 O 3 ‐2Si0 2 ) in a glassy matrix. Thermal expansion coefficients (O° to 300° C) of these bodies ranged from 75 to 125 × 10 –7/°C. Glazes in the Na 2 O‐CaO‐PbO‐B 2 O 2 ‐A1 2 0 3 ‐SiO 2 system having expansion coefficients of about 40 to 80 × 10 ‐7/0 °C were applied to the glass‐ceramics. On firing, the glazes matured well and reacted with the bodies to form interlocking crystals at the interface. This interfacial region was investigated using several instrumental techniques, and the crystals were identified as plagioclase feldspar. Applying these compressive glazes resulted in modular of rupture up to five times that of the initial glass‐ceramic. Calculated strengths correlated well with experimental values.
Towards Optimal Grouping and Resource Allocation for Multicast Streaming\n in LTE (2018)

Multimedia traffic is predicted to account for 82% of the total data traffic\nby the year 2020. With the increasing popularity of video streaming\napplications like YouTube, Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, popular video content\nis often required to be delivered to a large number of users simultaneously.\nMulticast transmission can be used for catering to such applications\nefficiently. The common content can be transmitted to the users on the same\nresources resulting in considerable resource conservation. This paper proposes\nvarious schemes for efficient grouping and resource allocation for multicast\ntransmission in LTE. The optimal grouping and resource allocation problems are\nshown to be NP-hard and so, we propose heuristic algorithms for both these\nproblems. We also formulate a Simulated Annealing based algorithm to\napproximate the optimal resource allocation for our problem. The LP-relaxation\nbased resource allocation proposed by us results in allocations very close to\nthe estimated optimal.\n
Geminin Inhibits a Late Step in the Formation of Human Pre-replicative Complexes (2014)

The initial step in initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication involves the assembly of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at origins of replication during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In metazoans initiation is inhibited by the regulatory factor Geminin. We have purified the human pre-RC proteins, studied their interactions in vitro with each other and with origin DNA, and analyzed the effects of HsGeminin on formation of DNA-protein complexes. The formation of an initial complex containing the human origin recognition complex (HsORC), HsCdt1, HsCdc6, and origin DNA is cooperative, involving all possible binary interactions among the components. Maximal association of HsMCM2-7, a component of the replicative helicase, requires HsORC, HsCdc6, HsCdt1, and ATP, and is driven by interactions of HsCdt1 and HsCdc6 with multiple HsMCM2-7 subunits. Formation of stable complexes, resistant to high salt, requires ATP hydrolysis. In the absence of HsMCM proteins, HsGeminin inhibits the association of HsCdt1 with DNA or with HsORC-HsCdc6-DNA complexes. However, HsGeminin does not inhibit recruitment of HsMCM2-7 to DNA to form complexes containing all of the pre-RC proteins. In fact, HsGeminin itself is a component of such complexes, and interacts directly with the HsMcm3 and HsMcm5 subunits of HsMCM2-7, as well as with HsCdt1. Although HsGeminin does not prevent the initial formation of DNA-protein complexes containing the pre-RC proteins, it strongly inhibits the formation of stable pre-RCs that are resistant to high salt. We suggest that bound HsGeminin prevents transition of the pre-RC to a state that is competent for initiation of DNA replication.
Neutron transmutation doped far-infrared p-Ge laser (2004)

A far-infrared p-type germanium laser with active crystal prepared from ultra pure single-crystal Ge by neutron transmutation doping (NTD) is demonstrated. Calculations show that the high uniformity of Ga acceptor distribution achieved by NTD significantly improves average gain. The stronger ionized impurity scattering due to high compensation in NTD Ge is shown to have insignificant negative impact on the gain at the moderate doping concentrations sufficient for laser operation. Experimentally, this first NTD laser is found to have lower current-density lasing threshold than the best of a number of melt-doped laser crystals studied for comparison.
Tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF), lymphotoxin and TNF receptor levels in serum from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (2001)

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic inflammatory disease with vasculitis as the key feature. Abnormal expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is considered of prime pathogenic importance in several inflammatory diseases. The effects of TNFa are mediated by TNF receptors (TNF-R), and these receptors are often found in soluble forms (sTNF-R), which can modulate TNFalpha actions. To evaluate the clinical importance of the TNF family of cytokines, the serum levels of TNFalpha, TNFbeta, now termed lymphotoxin (LTalpha), and sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were measured by ELISA in 8 patients with WG during active disease and during immunosuppressive treatment, and in 11 healthy controls in parallel. Serum concentrations of TNFalpha were undetectable in all except two controls (18%) and three patients with WG (37%). After 7 days of therapy, six of the WG patients had measurable TNFalpha levels. Examination of the relative amounts of TNFalpha and sTNF-R indicated that TNFalpha was mostly bound to its soluble receptors. In WG, the serum levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were dramatically increased (p<0.01), with little or no variation during treatment. While the IL-1beta levels did not deviate significantly from controls, the IL-1ra levels were significantly elevated in the WG patients throughout the study period (p<0.01).
Surgical management of an aneurysmal coronary cameral fistula to the right atrium (2021)

Coronary artery aneurysm and coronary cameral fistula are both often incidentally discovered, and uncommon diagnoses. A coronary artery aneurysm is defined as being 1.5x the size of the adjacent normal coronary artery, while a coronary cameral fistula is a coronary artery that has an abnormal tract directly into a chamber of the heart. In this case report we describe the case of a 72-year-old female who was discovered to have an aneurysmal branch of her right coronary artery fistulized to her right atrium. The fistula had a serpiginous tract and in the midportion of the tract there was a giant aneurysm (3.4 × 3.3 × 3.0 cm) before emptying into the posterior aspect of the right atrium. The aneurysmal aberrant coronary artery was repaired by oversewing the afferent and efferent limbs from the inside. The aneurysm walls were then oversewn. This case demonstrates a unique pathology that was managed with surgical intervention where no standard therapy exists.
Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer (2004)

We are currently experiencing a fundamental shift in the way in which we approach the characterization of cancer. Never before has the make up of cancer tissues and individual cells been so exhaustive
Assembly-aware design of masonry shell structures: a computational approach (2017)

This paper proposes a workflow for Assembly-Aware Design (AAD) of masonry shell structures and introduces an interactive tool in a CAD environment to assist the design process while simulating the step-by-step assembly of masonry blocks. Thus designers can explore the design space of masonry shell structures and be aware of structural performance before the assembly phase, at the early design stage. Masonry shell structures are an old construction technique, which has recently received a lot of attention due to new computational methods. Even though the form of such a structure is optimised for structural performance, its incomplete form during construction often requires the support of falseworks, which can be extensive, costly and time-consuming. To tackle this unsolved problem, we developed an assembly strategy that significantly reduces the falsework usage while still maintaining the equilibrium of the incomplete shell at each assembly step. The key idea is to compute a disassembly strategy inspired by the Jenga game and then reverse it to obtain the actual assembly sequence of the masonry blocks. Rather than using discrete element methods to predict the structural behaviour of the masonry blocks, we employed the GPU-based rigid-body dynamic solver from the engine NVIDIA PhysX, this allows very fast computation speeds while still offering sufficient accuracy for our purposes. Finally, we verified our method using small-scale 3D printed models.
A total battery monitoring program for the telecommunications industry (2002)

Considerable information has been provided on valve-regulated Pb-acid (VRLA) batteries concerning battery and ambient temperatures, float voltage for cells and strings, float current, and battery capacity. Often these characteristics have been considered separately or in incomplete sets. Telecommunications personnel using the Pb-acid battery in the field do not have a comprehensive, single source for reference. A source is needed that provides guidelines for selecting the various points of operation with a brief explanation for each. This paper meets this need by describing a program for total battery monitoring, management, record keeping, and maintenance. Monitored characteristics and selected ranges are justified by reference to published information. This program utilizes existing information to provide optimal battery life, battery capacity, remaining operating time both at present load and at maximum load, energy efficiency, and warranty records with less personnel. This program also locates deficient cells or blocks and provides records to indicate conditions that lead to the failure and to provide support of a warrantee claim. A reduction in personnel is possible, since sites only require attention when a problem is indicated and the proper equipment to correct the problem can be obtained before the site visit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Study of Hypersonic Corner Flow Interactions (1971)

Hypersonic corner flow in He investigated by heat transfer, surface pressure, pitot surveys, oil and electron beam flow measurements
Abstract 337: The Cardiolipin-targeting Peptide Bendavia Preserves Post-ischemic Mitochondrial Energetics by Sustaining Respiratory Supercomplexes (2014)

Bendavia is a mitochondria-targeting peptide currently being tested in the EMBRACE-STEMI trial for reducing injury during acute coronary syndromes. We previously showed that the cardioprotective effects of Bendavia involved improving cardiolipin-dependent mitochondrial membrane fluidity. As membrane fluidity influences the ability of proteins to assemble, we hypothesized that a consequence of augmented membrane fluidity would be higher expression of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes. Rat hearts (n=42) were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) with or without 1nM Bendavia perfusion beginning at the onset of reperfusion. Left ventricular tissue was split into one of two study arms: 1. Supercomplex expression using blue-native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), or 2. High-resolution respirometry using permeabilized ventricular fibers. For BN-PAGE studies, respiratory supercomplex bands were decreased with I/R, and restored with Bendavia (see figure). High-resolution respirometry studies indicated suppressed Complex I-dependent respiration after I/R (208±19 v 42±9 pmol O2/mg*s in control v I/R, respectively; P&lt;0.05). Complex II-dependent respiration was also lower (753±41 v 168±13 pmol/mg*s in control versus I/R; P&lt;0.05). Perfusion with Bendavia during reperfusion significantly increased Complexes I- (100±13pmol O2/mg*s) and II-dependent (334±63 pmol O2/mg*s) respiration (P&lt;0.05 versus untreated IR for both). Taken together, these data suggest that Bendavia’s protective mechanism of action involves preserving supercomplex-dependent mitochondrial function during cardiac reperfusion.
iPanda: A comprehensive malware analysis tool (2013)

Malware analysis is the process of dissecting a given malware sample in order to determine its purpose and functionality. It is a necessary step to develop effective detection techniques of malicious code and removal tools. The public malware analysis systems are major sources for a user to understand a malware sample. However analysis reports of those analysis systems only include what operation system resources created or accessed by the submitted malware sample, which is insufficient for a malware analyst, who expects a comprehensive analysis report. In this paper, we present iPanda, an analysts oriented comprehensive malware analysis tool. Several prevalent static and dynamic malware analysis techniques, such as detection of evading analysis techniques used by malware authors, information flow tracking, functional code fragments identifying, network behavior analysis, etc., are implemented complementarily in iPanda so that it allows a comprehensive analysis of malware to generate an analysis report including structure profile and behavior profile of the samples. The results are paramount valuable for malware analysts to perform malware detection and containment.