gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements to a Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Immunoassay for the Steroid Hormone Progesterone (2006)

The effects of modifications to an existing protocol for a surface plasmon resonance biosensor-based inhibition immunoassay for progesterone in cow's milk with a sensitivity of 3.5 ng/mL were examined to establish if the detection limit could be further reduced to broaden the potential applications of the assay. The mean relative standard deviation of duplicate measurements was 0.62% and the high precision resulted in very low values for the lower detection limits. Hence, the standard concentrations giving 95% maximum binding [effective dose (ED 95)] were compared instead. The ED 95 was not affected within a running temperature range of 20-37 degrees C, or at a flow rate and a contact time above 20 microL/min and 90 s, respectively. Increasing both the absolute sample volume and the antibody dilution improved sensitivity. However, there was a simultaneous reduction in the working range when the assay was applied to milk due to nonspecific binding. Less antibody was associated with large decreases in the maximum binding, but because the high precision extended over a broad analytical range, an ED 95 of 0.4-0.6 ng/mL in milk and 35-60 pg/mL in HBS-EP buffer were achieved. Thus, simple procedural modifications with the same sensor chip can alter performance characteristics of the assay as required for different applications.
Prediction of the time period of stroke based on ultrasound image analysis of initially asymptomatic carotid plaques (2015)

Non-invasive ultrasound imaging of carotid plaques can provide information on the characteristics of the arterial wall including the size, morphology and texture of the atherosclerotic plaques. Several studies were carried out that demonstrated the usefulness of these feature sets for differentiating between asymptomatic and symptomatic plaques and their corresponding cerebrovascular risk stratification. The aim of this study was to develop predictive modelling for estimating the time period of a stroke event by determining the risk for short term (less or equal to three years) or long term (more than three years) events. Data from 108 patients that had a stroke event have been used. The information collected included clinical and ultrasound imaging data. The prediction was performed at base line where patients were still asymptomatic. Several image texture analysis and clinical features were used in order to create a classification model. The different features were statistically analyzed and we conclude that image texture analysis features extracted using Spatial Gray Level Dependencies method had the best statistical significance. Several predictive models were derived based on Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) modelling. The best results were obtained with the SVM modelling models with an average correct classifications score of 77±7% for differentiating between stroke event occurrences within 3 years versus more than 3 years. Further work is needed in investigating additional multiscale texture analysis features as well as more modelling techniques on more subjects.
PVC/styrene copolymer alloys for a balance of properties (1983)

Abstract Styrene maleic anhydride copolymers blended with PVC result in alloys that exhibit elevated thermal properties and improved processability. These improvements will help PVC usage in electrical/electronic housings. The PVC component maintains flame retardance for the compound, without the need for further additives.
Informant-Reported Cognitive Decline is Associated with Objective Cognitive Performance in Parkinson’s Disease (2020)

Results indicate that informant responses, as measured by the IQCODE, may provide adequate information on a wide range of cognitive abilities in non-demented PD, including those with MCI and normal cognition. Findings have important clinical implications for the utility of the IQCODE in the identification of PD patients in need of further evaluation, monitoring, and treatment.
New records of Hedychium hookeri (Zingiberaceae) from China and Myanmar (2021)

Hedychium hookeri is newly recorded from China and Myanmar. A full description of the species, a colour plate showing diagnostic features of the species as well as some relevant taxonomic and nomenclatural notes and a detailed comparison of H. hookeri and its close relatives are provided. A lectoptype is designated for H. hookeri.
Simulation test bed for manufacturing analysis: a simulation test bed for producton and supply chain modeling (2003)

Production systems and supply chains are difficult to model at the level of detail required to understand factors affecting the behavior of material flow. This is particularly true when use of centralized planning systems, such as MRP or DRP, is of interest. Therefore a test bed, comprised of a planning module and a simulator module, has been developed. This test bed is designed to be simple, transparent and flexible. It supports research as well as training. The planning module uses a spreadsheet-based interface and logic embedded in extensive VBA macros. The simulator module is made up of a generic ARENA program that requires no direct modeling inputs when scenarios are changed. Dynamic communication between the modules is facilitated using VBA. Transient and steady-state behavior can be observed under diverse conditions. Production systems or supply chains using MRP/DRP, reorder points, or Kanban systems can be compared.
Cascaded WDM passive optical network with a highly shared source (1997)

We propose and demonstrate a cascaded distribution fabric for WDM passive optical networks (WDM-PON) that delivers distinct data to potentially tens of thousands of subscribers using a single, centralized WDM source. This is possible by assigning a unique time slot to each wavelength, and replicating this "bit-interleaved" WDM signal in cascaded stages of amplification and power splitting, before data is encoded for each WDM-PON by a single TDM modulator.
Theoretical Study of Alternative Ring Forms of α-l-Fucopyranose (1998)

The ring puckering of α-l-fucopyranose was studied by the MM2*-LMOD (low mode) conformational search technique built into the Macromodel program. The molecular geometries of lowest energy (within a 10 kcal/mol energy window) were analyzed at the HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G(d), and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) levels of density functional theory (DFT). Our results show that the MM2* method tends to overestimate the number of stable conformers in the high-energy region. The MM2* method detected 33 stable conformers within the aforementioned energy window, and this number was reduced to 25 after re-minimization by the HF and GGA DFT methods. The low-energy conformers yielded by the MM2* method are in qualitative agreement with the ab initio results. In these conformers, intramolecular chains of hydroxyl groups are formed in counterclockwise or clockwise directions. The best calculations predict the most stable 1C4 chair conformer to be lower in energy by ∼6 kcal/mol than the most stable non-1C4 conformer. The zero-point energy differences are very small. We provide a detailed study of the basis set (up to 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set) and correlation effects (MP2 and hybrid functional study) on the relative energies and molecular geometries. The converged results are presented wherever it is possible. The largest difference between the various methods is ∼2.7 kcal/mol; however, agreement well within 1 kcal/mol is experienced for most of the conformers. We discuss the geometric consequences of the exoanomeric effect, and show how the calculated and X-ray experimental results can be brought into accordance with each other. The geometric aspects of the O···H interactions (hydrogen bonding) are described with the aid of a polar coordinate system centered at the acceptor oxygen atom. The equatorial−equatorial and the equatorial−axial type of OH interactions can be readily distinguished using the proposed geometric parameters. We present the shape of the contour surface of the Laplacian of the electron density around the oxygen atom and show how this shape influences the various types of O···H interactions. The strength and weakness of the Van den Enden's π-, sp3-, and σ-type interactions were readily explained using the aforementioned surface.
High-performance low-cost non-blocking switch for ATM (2002)

The internal conflict and the output contention problem of the ATM switch are considered. We propose an ATM switch based on the Benes switch and the concept of input port controller. Following a simple scheduling algorithm we can obtain a set of cells for all input ports. When going through the Benes switch, no internal conflicts and output contentions will occur. Although its cost is very low, its maximum throughput is very high even for large switch size and full traffic load. After applying the scheduling algorithm, a series of routing bits for each cell can be found to support a self-routing function for the Benes switch.
Time- or frequency-domain equalization for wideband OFDM channels? (2012)

OFDM suffers from inter-carrier interferences in the presence of the time variation. This paper seeks to quantify the amount of interferences resulting from wideband channels which assumed to follow the multi-scale/multi-lag (MSML) model. Due to the fact that the mobility in wideband channels induces scale effects, Doppler is revealed in a manner distinct from the frequency shifts experienced in narrowband systems. The MSML channel model results in full channel matrices both in the frequency and time domains. However, banded approximations are still possible, leading to significant reduction in the equalization complexity. Herein, measures for determining whether time-domain or frequency-domain should be undertaken are provided based on the amount of the resulting interference.
Nasal Cauterization with Silver Nitrate for Recurrent Epistaxis (2021)

Most epistaxis is isolated or self-limited, but it is recurrent in approximately 16% of the general population, many of whom seek medical advice. This video demonstrates the evaluation of a patient with recurrent epistaxis and the technique used to perform nasal cauterization with silver nitrate in the office.
Production of 15-F-isoprostane as an assessment of oxidative stress in dairy cows at different stages of lactation (2018)

Oxidative stress contributes to dysfunctional immune responses and predisposes dairy cattle to several metabolic and inflammatory-based diseases. Although the negative effects of oxidative stress on transition cattle are well established, biomarkers that accurately measure oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules are not well defined in veterinary medicine. Measuring 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane, a lipid peroxidation product, is the gold standard biomarker for quantifying oxidative stress in human medicine. The aim of our study was to determine whether changes in 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane concentrations in plasma and milk could accurately reflect changes in oxidant status during different stages of lactation. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane concentrations were quantified in milk and plasma of 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows that were assigned to 3 different sampling periods, including the periparturient period (1-2 d in milk; n = 4), mid lactation (80-84 d in milk; n = 4), and late lactation (183-215 d in milk; n = 4). Blood samples also were analyzed for indicators of oxidant status, inflammation, and negative energy balance. Our data revealed that 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane concentrations changed at different stages of lactation and coincided with changes in other gauges of oxidant status in both plasma and milk. Interestingly, milk 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane concentrations and other indices of oxidant status did not follow the same trends as plasma values at each stage of lactation. Indeed, during the periparturient period, systemic 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane increased significantly accompanied by an increase in the systemic oxidant status index. Milk 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane was significantly decreased during the periparturient period compared with other lactation stages in conjunction with a milk oxidant status index that trended lower during this period. The results from this study indicate that changes in 15-F<sub>2t</sub>-isoprostane concentrations in both milk and plasma may be strong indicators of an alteration in redox status both systemically and within the mammary gland.
Defying stereotypes: the elusive search for a universal model of LysR‐type regulation (2012)

LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) compose the largest family of homologous regulators in bacteria. Considering their prevalence, it is not surprising that LTTRs control diverse metabolic functions. Arguably, the most unexpected aspect of LTTRs is the paucity of available structural information. Solubility issues are notoriously problematic, and structural studies have only recently begun to flourish. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Taylor et al. (2012) present the structure of AphB, a LysR-type regulator of virulence in Vibrio cholerae. This contribution adds significantly to the group of known full-length atomic LTTR structures, which remains small. Importantly, this report also describes an active-form variant. Small conformational changes in the effector-binding domain translate to global reorganization of the DNA-binding domain. Emerging from these results is a model of theme-and-variation among LTTRs rather than a unified regulatory scheme. Despite common structural folds, LTTRs exhibit differences in oligomerization, promoter recognition and communication with RNA polymerase. Such variation mirrors the diversity in sequence and function associated with members of this very large family.
Imaging of surface microdomains on individual extracellular vesicles in 3‐D (2022)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all cell types and are intimately involved in tissue homeostasis. They are being explored as vaccine and gene therapy platforms, as well as potential biomarkers. As their size is below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, direct visualizations have been daunting and single-particle studies under physiological conditions have been hampered. Here, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) was employed to visualize EVs in three-dimensions and to localize molecule clusters such as the tetraspanins CD81 and CD9 on the surface of individual EVs. These studies demonstrate the existence of membrane microdomains on EVs. These were confirmed by Cryo-EM. Individual particle visualization provided insights into the heterogeneity, structure, and complexity of EVs not previously appreciated.
A Simple Equivalent Circuit Model for Shielding Analysis of Magnetic Sheets Based on Microstrip Line Measurement (2017)

This paper presents a simple equivalent circuit model for estimating shielding performance of thin and flexible magnetic sheets or films, which are commonly used in modern mobile devices, such as smartphones. The proposed equivalent circuit model can accurately and effectively represent the measurement setup using a microstrip line and a loop probe that are typically employed to evaluate a near-field shielding effectiveness (SE) of commercial magnetic absorbing sheets or films. The calculated SEs of magnetic sheets using the proposed equivalent circuit model are validated by 3-D electromagnetic simulation and experiment, and show good agreement with measurement results in the frequency range up to 0.5 GHz.
Hepatitis flares and hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion: Implication in anti‐hepatitis B virus therapy1 (2003)

Hepatitis flares or acute exacerbations, defined as an abrupt elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) over fivefold the upper limit of normal (ULN), of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are the results of HLA-I restricted, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response against HBV and its downstream mechanisms. Higher ALT levels reflect a more vigorous immune response and a more extensive hepatolysis that, in the extreme situation, may lead to decompensation and failure. In contrast, higher ALT also reflects a more robust immune clearance of HBV and, therefore, a higher chance of HBV-DNA loss and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, both in the setting of natural course and drug therapy. Alanine aminotransferase of fivefold the ULN appears to be a significant cut-off level to categorize the patients in terms of endogenous immune response against HBV. Patients with ALT levels less than fivefold the ULN or those with a less vigorous immune response require immunomodulation to induce robust immune response to enhance HBV clearance. In contrast, those with a more vigorous immune response or those with ALT flare over fivefold the ULN should be monitored closely for spontaneous HBV clearance/HBeAg seroconversion or to start direct antiviral therapy in time to prevent the occurrence or deterioration of hepatic decompensation. In conclusion, a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and natural course of hepatitis flares, wiser selection of patients and the timing of drug therapy are crucial to achieve better treatment results.
Synthesis of Mannich Bases of Meldrum's Acid and Its 5-Substituted Derivatives (2000)

Abstract Mannich bases of Meldrum's acid and its 5-substituted derivatives were synthesized using aminomethyl acetate or diaminomethane and acetic anhydride as aminomethylating agent.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2020)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with two distinct etiologies. Clonal integration of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA into the tumor genome with persistent expression of viral T antigens causes at least 60% of all MCC. UV damage leading to highly mutated genomes causes a nonviral form of MCC. Despite these distinct etiologies, both forms of MCC are similar in presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy. At least three oncogenic transcriptional programs feature prominently in both forms of MCC driven by the virus or by mutation. Both forms of MCC have a high proliferative growth rate with increased levels of cell cycle-dependent genes due to inactivation of the tumor suppressors RB and p53, a strong MYC signature due to MYCL activation by the virus or gene amplification, and an attenuated neuroendocrine differentiation program driven by the ATOH1 transcription factor.
The Epidemiology of Head Injury in the Bronx; pp. 70–78 (1983)

The epidemiology of head injury was studied in the Bronx, N.Y., for the period March 1980 through February 1981. Using a ratio estimation sampling scheme the annual incidence rate, age-adjusted to the 1980 US population was estimated to be 249/100,000. Rates for males were more than twice those for females. Incidences were highest for blacks and Hispanics; this was primarily attributable to high rates of injuries caused by violence in young adult males. Violence and falls were the most frequent causes of injuries, and only 27% of all head injuries were associated with traffic accidents. The annual age-adjusted mortality rate was 27.9/100,000. Over half the mortality was associated with head injuries due to violence.
Miliary tuberculosis with positive acid-fast bacilli in a pediatric patient (2003)

Although in some particular cases sputum can be positive for acid-fast bacilli in children, limitations to the sputum test have forced pediatricians to base tuberculosis diagnosis on epidemiological data, clinical findings and radiographic pattern. In this particular case, we hypothesize that the sputum bacillus test was positive because bacilli grew inside residual pneumatoceles that were produced during previous pneumonia.
AIS event-based knowledge discovery for Maritime Situational Awareness (2016)

The discovery of anomalies and, more in general, of events of interest at sea is one of the main challenges of Maritime Situational Awareness. This paper introduces an event-based methodology for knowledge discovery without querying directly a large volume of raw data. The proposed architecture analyses the maritime traffic data to detect maritime traffic patterns and events and aggregate them in an Event Map, namely a georeferenced grid. The Event Map offers visualisation capabilities and, more importantly, is used as access interface to the maritime traffic knowledge database. The proposed methodology offers real-time access to the extracted maritime knowledge, and the possibility to perform more structured queries with respect to traditional basic queries (e. g. vessel proximity within a certain distance). The proposed approach is demonstrated and assessed using real-world Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, revealing computational improvements and enriched monitoring capabilities.
Association between germ cell tumours, large numbers of naevi, atypical naevi and melanoma (2001)

Identifying groups of subjects at high risk for the development of melanoma is crucial for the early diagnosis of curable tumours. In the present study, we performed a skin examination in a group of 63 patients followed up after treatment of germ cell tumours (GCTs) who were referred to the dermatologist for multiple pigmented cutaneous spots. Forty-nine patients bearing a great number of naevi or atypical naevi were included in the study. Two thin cutaneous melanomas were discovered in two patients. In addition, a third patient had had a conjunctival melanoma since treatment of the GCT. Our study confirms the presence of atypical naevi in a subgroup of GCT patients, who are shown to be at high risk of developing melanoma. Patients harbouring multiple pigmented spots should be referred for a skin examination aimed at early detection of curable melanomas, and should be advised to protect themselves from sun exposure.
HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) as an alternative blowing agent for closed-cell foamboard insulation (1991)

A closed-cell foamboard insulation containing chlorodifluoromethane has been monitored in the laboratory and in the field for about three years. Experimental data for this developmental extruded polystyrene insulation has been obtained in two laboratories using three apparatuses. A correlation of apparent thermal conductivity with time gives the thermal resistivity of the two-inch-thick unfaced foamboards to within 3% with 95% confidence. A thermal resistivity of 30.2 m{center dot}K/W (4.36 ft{sup 2}{center dot}hr{center dot}{degree}F/Btu{center dot}in) was calculated from the concentration for time equal 180 days after manufacture. Based on three years of data, the predicted thermal resistivity is 27.6 m{center dot}K/W (3.98 ft{sup 2}{center dot}hr{center dot}{degree}F/Btu{center dot}in) as time since manufacture becomes large. Field measurements confirm the decrease with time of the thermal resistivity that was observed in the laboratory. A three-dimensional model for heat transfer through foamboard was used to predict thermal resistivity as a function of time. A comparison of the experimental results with the model shows a radiative contribution to the total heat flux of about 30%. A one-dimensional model was used to show the effect of initial foamgas pressure and thickness on thermal performance.