gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Anti-Melanogenesis Activity of Enriched Pueraria lobata Stem Extracts and Characterization of Its Phytochemical Components Using HPLC–PDA–ESI–MS/MS (2021)

The root of <i>Pueraria lobata</i> (Willd.) is a widely used herbal medicine worldwide, whereas the stem of the plant is discarded or used as feed for livestock. To reuse and exploit the stem of <i>P. lobata</i> as a resource, we investigated its potential as a skin-whitening agent. We found that the developed, enriched <i>P. lobata</i> stem (PLS) extract significantly inhibited melanin production in the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-induced B16/F10 cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. To further confirm the mechanism of the antimelanogenic effect of the enriched PLS extracts, we examined the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, which was suppressed by the extracts. To standardize and implement effective quality control of the enriched PLS extracts, its major chemical constituents were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. In total, 12 constituents were identified. In silico analysis showed that the main constituents, puerarin and daidzin, had excellent binding affinities for human tyrosinase. Collectively, our results suggest that the PLS extracts could be used as anti-pigmentation agents.
Neural control of nonlinear systems with composite adaptation for improved convergence of Gaussian networks (1997)

The use of composite adaptive laws for control of the affine class of nonlinear systems having unknown dynamics is proposed. These dynamics are approximated by Gaussian radial basis function neural networks whose parameters are updated by a composite law that is driven by both tracking and estimation errors. This is motivated by the need to improve the speed of convergence of the unknown parameters, hence resulting in better system performance. To ensure global stability despite the inevitable network approximation errors, the control law is augmented with a low gain sliding mode component and deadzone adaptation is used for the indirect part of the composite law. The stability of the system is analyzed and the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by simulation.
Practical design considerations for secondary air injection in wood-burning cookstoves: An experimental study (2020)

Billions of households worldwide cook using biomass fires and suffer from the toxic smoke emitted into their homes. Laboratory studies of wood-burning cookstoves demonstrate that secondary air injection can greatly reduce the emission of harmful air pollution, but these experimental advancements are not easily translated into practical cookstove designs that can be widely adopted. In this study, we use a modular cookstove platform to experimentally quantify the practical secondary air injection design requirements (e.g., flow rate, pressure, and temperature) to reduce mass emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) by at least 90% relative to a traditional cooking fire. Over the course of 111 experimental trials, we illuminate the physical mechanisms that drive emission reductions, and outline fundamental design principles to optimize cookstove performance. Using the experimental data, we demonstrate that low-cost (<$10) fans and blowers are available to drive the secondary flow, and can be independently powered using an inexpensive thermoelectric generator mounted nearby. Furthermore, size-resolved PM measurements show that secondary air injection inhibits particle growth, but the total number of particles generated remains relatively unaffected. We discuss the potential impacts for human health and investigate methods to mitigate the PM formation mechanisms that persist.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of δ,.epsilon.‐ Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radiation related complications after ruthenium plaque radiotherapy of uveal melanoma. (1996)

The results suggest that the frequency of radiation related complications after ruthenium brachytherapy of uveal melanoma is acceptable, in particular as regard irradiation of small and medium sized tumours for which ruthenium therapy generally is recommended.
Building Keyword Search System from End-To-End Asr Systems (2023)

Keyword search (KWS) systems are commonly built on top of existing automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, end-to-end (E2E) ASR models are not naturally equipped with word-level timing information or confidence. Existing methods for re-purposing E2E ASR systems for KWS are largely heuristic or model-specific. In this paper, we describe a general KWS pipeline, applicable to any ASR model that generates N-best lists. We extract timing information using either external word-aligners, or time-preserving weighted finite-state transducer-based decoders. We show that our light-weight, ASR-agnostic approach for confidence estimation based on N-best lists outperforms other commonly used heuristics, such as using the decoder’s softmax probability, and even a more complicated dedicated confidence estimation model (CEM). Finally, we compare our performance to hybrid ASR models, extensively evaluating the impact of word-level timing, confidence, and recall on KWS performance. Our KWS pipeline is available online<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>, suitable for evaluating the aforementioned ASR components as downstream tasks.
Deep attention-based classification network for robust depth prediction (2018)

In this paper, we present our deep attention-based classification (DABC) network for robust single image depth prediction, in the context of the Robust Vision Challenge 2018 (ROB 2018). Unlike conventional depth prediction, our goal is to design a model that can perform well in both indoor and outdoor scenes with a single parameter set. However, robust depth prediction suffers from two challenging problems: a) How to extract more discriminative features for different scenes (compared to a single scene)? b) How to handle the large differences of depth ranges between indoor and outdoor datasets? To address these two problems, we first formulate depth prediction as a multi-class classification task and apply a softmax classifier to classify the depth label of each pixel. We then introduce a global pooling layer and a channel-wise attention mechanism to adaptively select the discriminative channels of features and to update the original features by assigning important channels with higher weights. Further, to reduce the influence of quantization errors, we employ a soft-weighted sum inference strategy for the final prediction. Experimental results on both indoor and outdoor datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. It is worth mentioning that we won the 2-nd place in single image depth prediction entry of ROB 2018, in conjunction with IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2018.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Detection of Antibodies to Channel Catfish Virus (CCV) in Channel Catfish (1999)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of antibodies against channel catfish virus (CCV) in the serum of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The ELISA was used to test sera from 20 waterborne CCV-exposed juvenile channel catfish and 10 unexposed channel catfish for antibodies to CCV. Each serum was tested at a single dilution (1:10, volume:volume), and positive–negative cutoff values were established as the mean of negative sera plus either 2, 3, or 4 standard deviations. The resulting ELISA was highly reproducible and accurate with sensitivities and specificities of 100% and 90%, 95% and 90%, and 95% and 100%, respectively. Most fish seroconverted between 22 and 28 d after first exposure to CCV. This immunoassay is capable of handling large numbers of samples reliably and rapidly for detection and assessing prevalence of CCV exposure in channel catfish.
In Arabidopsis, low blue light enhances phototropism by releasing cryptochrome 1-mediated inhibition of PIF4 expression (2020)

Abstract Shade-avoiding plants including Arabidopsis thaliana display a number of growth responses elicited by shade cues including elongation of stem-like structures and repositioning of leaves. Shade also promotes phototropism of de-etiolated seedlings through repression of phytochrome B (phyB) presumably to enhance capture of unfiltered sunlight. Light cues indicative of shade include a reduction in the blue and red portions of the solar spectrum and a low red to far-red ratio. Here we show that in Arabidopsis seedlings both low blue and a low red to far-red ratio are required to rapidly enhance phototropism. However, prolonged low blue treatments through reduced cryptochrome 1 (cry1) activation are sufficient to promote phototropism. The enhanced phototropic response of cry1 mutants in the lab and in response to natural canopies depends on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs ( PIFs ). In favorable light conditions, cry1 limits the expression of PIF4 while in low blue light PIF4 expression increases, which contributes to phototropic enhancement. The analysis of a quantitative DII auxin reporter indicates that low blue light leads to enhanced auxin levels in the hypocotyl and, upon phototropic stimulation, a steeper auxin gradient across the hypocotyl. We conclude that phototropic enhancement by canopy shade results from the combined activities of phytochrome B and cry1 that converge on PIF regulation. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY The persistent depletion of blue light in natural canopy shade relieves the inhibitory effect of cryptochrome 1 on PIF4, enhancing phototropism in de-etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. Financial support This work was supported by the University of Lausanne and a grant from the Swiss National Science foundation (n° 310030B_179558 to C.F.); Human Frontier Science Program organization (HFSP) Grant RPG0054-2013, ANR-12-BSV6-0005 grant (AuxiFlo) to T.V.; The University of Buenos Aires (Grant 20020100100437 to J. J. C.), and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica of Argentina (Grant PICT-2018-01695 to J. J. C.). Alessandra Boccaccini and Martina Legris are funded by Marie Curie fellowships H2020-MSCA-IF-2017 grants CRoSh 796283 and Flat-Leaf 796443 respectively.
Knotless Bi-directional Barbed Absorbable Surgical Suture (2003)

With the objective of eliminating the adverse effects of traditional sutures, a novel knotless bi-directional barbed monofilament absorbable suture has been developed that does not require surgical knots for security. \n\n First the study focused on developing a method for characterizing the individual barbs as well as the bi-directional barbs for the whole suture. The method proved effective in characterizing the individual barb's geometry in terms of cut angle, cut depth, and a calculated cut length, as well as characterizing the left and right sections of the knotless suture in terms of the distance between cuts and the number of cuts per unit length.\n\n Second the study focused on developing an in vitro method to measure wound holding capacity. Wound holding capacity was measured in two ways, first by evaluating the load required to give a 2 mm of separation of tissue at the wound, and secondly by and evaluating the area of tissue separation at a given load. The wound holding capacity of a knotless barbed suture at 2 mm of separation was found to be 27.72 &amp;#177; 8.32 N compared to a traditional monofilament knotted control suture of 15.25 &amp;#177; 3.36 N. At a given load of 11.12 N the area of separation was zero compared to the traditional monofilament control suture that yielded an area of separation of 3.38 &amp;#177; 2.37 mm2. The study was effective in developing test methods for characterizing the knotless suture geometry as well as developing an experimental method for measuring wound holding capacity. No significant difference in wound holding performance was found among barbed suture samples cut at different barb angles.
Theoretical and experimental study of valine molecular imprinted polymer using sol-gel process on silica microparticles surface (2018)

Molecular imprinted polymer using sol-gel process on silica microparticles surface has been prepared using valine as a template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the functional monomer, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the cross-linker. The theoretical results of molar ratio 1:2 (Valine:APTES) showed highest interaction energy with -3.8479 kcal/mol. The molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were prepared followed by characterization and evaluation of the absorption binding performance of imprinted valine. Observation of MIP morphology on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of silica were coated with imprinted polymer. In Fourier-Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), the strong intensity peaks were observed at 2921.71cm−1 and 1500cm−1 represent the functional group of alkane due to presence of the C-H stretching and C - N vibration from APTES of functional monomer, respectively. Observations in MIP and NIP samples confirmed the existence of a monomer and cross-linker on the silica surface. However, the experimental binding capacity result contradict the theoretical computation, where the experimental binding capacity showed that the maximum absorption binding capacity was at molar ratio 1:1 instead of 1:2. In conclusion, this novel molecular imprinted technology might efficiently be used in the identification and selection of amino acid fragments such as valine on its biological action.
Quantitative Analysis of Methyl Parathion Pesticides in a Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Channel Using Confocal Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

A fast and ultra-sensitive trace analysis of methyl parathion pesticides in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel was investigated using confocal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A three-dimensional PDMS-based passive micromixer was fabricated for this purpose. This PDMS micromixer showed a high mixing efficiency because a strong chaotic advection was developed by the simultaneous vertical and transverse dispersion of the confluent streams. The confocal SERS signal was measured after methyl parathion pesticides were effectively adsorbed onto silver nanoparticles while flowing along the upper and lower alligator-teeth-shaped PDMS channel. A quantitative analysis of the methyl parathion pesticides was performed based on the measured peak height at 1246 cm-1. Our method has a detection limit of 0.1 ppm. This value satisfies the requirement recommended by the Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC) for the determination of methyl parathion in pesticide formulations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using confocal SERS for the highly sensitive detection of methyl parathion pesticides in a PDMS microfluidic channel.
Palmitoyl ascorbate: Selective augmentation of procollagen mRNA expression compared withL-ascorbate in human intestinal smooth muscle cells (1999)

The effect of 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbate on procollagen mRNA levels, collagen synthesis, and collagen secretion was investigated and compared with the effect of L-ascorbate in human intestinal smooth muscle (HISM) cells in vitro. Collagen synthesis, determined by the incorporation of 3H-proline into pepsin-resistant, salt-precipitated collagen, increased in a concentration-dependent manner in response to palmitoyl ascorbate. There was a twofold increase in collagen synthesis at 2.5 and 5 microM. By contrast, L-ascorbate was required at 4-5 times the concentration for the same response. However, at 20 microM, both palmitoyl and L-ascorbate induced similar 2.7-fold increases in collagen synthesis. Palmitoyl ascorbate induced a 1.6- and 3.5-fold increase in steady-state levels of procollagen I and III mRNA levels respectively, whereas L-ascorbate had no effect. Palmitoyl ascorbate and L-ascorbate induced similar increases in the amounts of newly synthesized procollagen secreted into the medium and in the amounts of collagen types I, III and V accumulating in the cell layer. There was no effect of either palmitoyl ascorbate or L-ascorbate on the activity of a procollagen alpha2 (I) promoter construct transiently transfected into HISM cells. Palmitoyl ascorbate augments HISM cell procollagen synthesis and mRNA levels more efficiently than L-ascorbate. This property may be due to the greater resistance of the ascorbate ester to oxidation and suggests that palmitoyl ascorbate could be an important agent for studies of collagen synthesis in vitro.
Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells Based on Crystalline Oriented 2D/3D Hybrid Perovskite (2019)

Highly efficient and stable 2D/3D hybrid perovskite solar cells using 2-thiophenemethylammonium (ThMA) as the spacer cation are successfully demonstrated. It is found that the incorporation of ThMA spacer cation into 3D perovskite, which forms a 2D/3D hybrid structure, can effectively induce the crystalline growth and orientation, passivate the trap states, and hinder the ion motion, resulting in improved carrier lifetime and reduced recombination losses. The optimized device exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.49%, combined with a high V<sub>OC</sub> of 1.16 V and a notable fill factor (FF) of 81%. More importantly, an encapsulated 2D/3D hybrid perovskite device sustains ≈99% of its initial PCE after 1680 h in the ambient atmosphere, whereas the control 3D perovskite device drops to ≈80% of the original performance. Importantly, the device stability under continuous light soaking (100 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> ) is enhanced significantly for 2D/3D perovskite device in comparison with that of the control device. These results reveal excellent photovoltaic properties and intrinsic stabilities of the 2D/3D hybrid perovskites using ThMA as the spacer cation.
On PAR with aPC to target inflammasomes (2017)

vaso-occlusion, the authors proceeded to show the effects of the tonicity of IV fluids on the adhesion of sRBCs to the vascular endothelium and laminin. Admixtures of sRBCs with a sodium concentration of 141 mEq/L demonstrated increased adhesion to both human endothelium and laminin. On the other hand, admixtures of sRBCs with a sodium concentration of 103 mEq/L showed decreased adhesion to the endothelium and subendothelium matrix, probably because the hydrated swollen spherocytes may alter cell membrane contact points with the endothelium and subendothelium. 9 This effect, however, seems to be offset by the prolongation of the transit time of swollen spherocytes in capillarysized microchannels.
Powder Processing of Amorphous Tungsten-bearing Alloys and Composites (2015)

Abstract : The goal of this project was to develop a W-based amorphous-crystalline composite for penetrator applications. The composite was to have high strength, toughness, abrasion resistance, tailorable density, and a propensity for shear localization. Our year 3 tasks, as laid out in the project proposal, were to: 1) Consolidate amorphous or nanocrystalline powder blends 2) Mechanical testing 3) Ballistic testing
Investigating cognition in midlife (2021)

We here posit that measurements of midlife cognition can be instructive in understanding cognitive disorders. Even though molecular events signal possible onset of cognitive disorders decades prior to their clinical diagnoses, cognition and its possible early changes in midlife remain poorly understood. We characterize midlife cognition in a cognitively healthy population-based sample using the Cogstate Brief Battery and test for associations with cardiovascular, adiposity-related, lifestyle-associated, and psychosocial variables. Learning and working memory showed significant variability and vulnerability to psychosocial influences in midlife. Furthermore, midlife aging significantly and progressively increased prevalence of suboptimal cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that physiological changes in cognition, measured with simple tests suitable for use in everyday clinical setting, may signal already in midlife the first clinical manifestations of the presymptomatic biologically defined cognitive disorders. This pilot study calls for longitudinal studies investigating midlife cognition to identify clinical correlates of biologically defined cognitive disorders.
Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion Obtained with Ultrathin Organo‐Metallic‐Chemical‐Vapor‐Deposition Layer of FeS2 (Pyrite) on TiO2 (1992)

Ultrathin (10 to 20 nm thick), polycrystalline films of (pyrite) were grown on (anatase) by chemical vapor deposition. The films were characterized using optical absorption and high‐resolution electron microscopy. Photoelectrochemical solar cells, using (anatase) coated with ultrathin films, generated high open‐circuit photovoltages, of up to 600 mV, compared with a single crystal of pyrite electrode (200 mV). The photoelectrochemical behavior shows a strong dependence of photovoltage and photocurrent on the pH of the solution. It is explained by electron injection from the conduction band of to the conduction band of . Regeneration of holes is taking place by electron transfer from the redox system in the electrolyte.
Recent Advance and Updates in Chemotherapy for Glioma (2014)

BCNU徐放剤とベバシズマブ (BEV) について, これまでの知見と薬剤の特徴について概説し, また退形成性乏突起膠腫と高齢者膠芽腫における最新のエビデンスを紹介する. BCNU徐放剤の留置により, 再発ならびに初発悪性神経膠腫患者の生存期間が延長した. 再発膠芽腫の80%以上がBEVにより造影領域の縮小を示した. 初発膠芽腫に対して放射線/テモゾロミド (TMZ) 併用療法にBEVを併用することにより, 無増悪生存期間は延長されたが, 全生存期間は延長されなかった. 1p19q共欠失を持つ退形成性乏突起膠腫に対して, 初回治療に化学療法を入れることにより生存期間が延長された. 高齢者膠芽腫において, MGMTメチル化の有無によりTMZの効果が予測された. BCNU徐放剤やBEVを有効活用するうえでは, 治療効果や副作用を含め各薬剤の特徴を十分に理解することが重要である. また, 臨床試験結果に基づく適切な治療のために, 1p19q共欠失, MGMTなど分子マーカーの日常的な検索が必要である.
Charge feedback mechanisms at forward threshold voltage stress in GaN/AlGaN HEMTs (2015)

Charge trapping in the insulating layer of gallium-nitride (GaN) metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) is a serious reliability challenge but is still poorly understood. We demonstrate here that the observed Vth drift and recovery can be understood as charge capture and emission following a non-radiative multi-phonon (NMP) mechanism into traps with widely distributed properties. Furthermore, due to the large amount of trapped charge, the feedback of that charge on the surface potential and thus on the capture and emission times has to be considered self-consistently in order to correctly explain the temporal changes in their distributions.
Association between liver insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors (2012)

Liver IR index correlated more strongly than Matsuda ISI with levels of total cholesterol, CRP and triglycerides. Therefore, liver IR might be a significant indicator of CVD risk amongst men.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHLORIDE‐CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE IN NITRIC ACID MEDIA AT 100°C (1980)

Abstract Für die Bruttoreaktion A wird das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz ermittelt und ′ ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
Clinical progression of X-linked muscular dystrophy in two German Shorthaired Pointers (2011)

The clinical course of disease in these dogs was monitored for a longer period than has been monitored in previous reports of dystrophin-deficient dogs. The clinical progression of muscular dystrophy in the 2 GSHPs was compared with that for other breeds and species with dystrophin-deficient conditions, and the potential basis for the phenotypic variation observed between these littermates, along with potential therapeutic ramifications for dogs and humans, was evaluated.