gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nano-emulsions as Cement Spacer Improve the Cleaning of Casing Bore During Cementing Operations (2010)

Abstract Nano-emulsions are emulsions where the droplet size of internal phase is less than 500 nm. Due to their small dimensions they have a high surface area and show very peculiar properties. Solvent in water nano-emulsions combine the high efficiency of the small dimensions of solvent to a low interfacial tension, due to the presence of the surfactant mixture used to prepare nanoemulsions. Solvent in water nano-emulsions used as cement spacer formulation could allow optimizing the cleaning of the casing during the cement job with a high improvement of the performances of the spacers currently in use. This methodology, based on high efficiency system with reduced chemical dosage, could also result in a considerable optimization of product cost of cement operation. The objective of this study has been the formulation of direct nano-emulsions (o/w), with a selected solvent as internal phase, in order to improve the casing - open hole cleaning and reverse the surfaces wettabitlity to allow better adhesion of slurry between casing and hole. Specific laboratory tests have been carried out to compare commercial spacers currently used in common drilling practice with nano-emulsions formulated in Eni Laboratories. Different nano-emulsions were performed in function of solvent content. The nano-emulsion efficiency was evaluated throughout different methods: Metallic Grid Test, Wettability Test, Contact Angle, Shear bond test. All tests highlight good cleaning properties of nano-emulsions and their better efficiency compared with common spacers.
Multi-resolution signal processing techniques for airborne radar (2004)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) exploits very high spatial resolution via temporal integration and own-ship motion to reduce the background clutter power in a given resolution cell to allow detection of non-moving targets. Ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar, on the other hand, employs much lower resolution processing, but exploits the physical aperture and relative differences in the space-time response between moving targets and clutter for detection. Therefore, SAR and GMTl represent two different temporal processing resolution scales which have typically been optimized and demonstrated independently to work well for detecting either stationary (in the case of SAR) or exo-clutter (in the case of GMTI) targets. Based on this multi-resolution interpretation of airborne radar data processing, there appears to be an opportunity to develop detection techniques that attempt to optimize the signal processing resolution scale (e.g., length of temporal integration) to match the dynamics of a target of interest. The paper investigates signal processing techniques that exploit long CPIs (coherent processing intervals) to improve the detection performance of GMTl radar.
Micrometeoroid composition analyzer (1975)

Technique has been developed to detect moving charged particles and to determine their positions and/or their velocity vectors, relative to three mutually orthogonal axes, without particle impact or any elements of detector and without changing particle charge or motion.
A superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system for single-photon source characterization (2010)

Single-photon sources and detectors are key enabling technologies for photonics in quantum information science and technology (QIST). QIST applications place high-level demands on the performance of sources and detectors; it is therefore essential that their properties can be characterized accurately. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have spectral sensitivity from visible to beyond 2 &mu;m in wavelength, picosecond timing resolution (Jitter &lt;100 ps FWHM) and the capacity to operate ungated with low dark counts (&lt;1 kHz). This facilitates data acquisition at high rates with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. We report on the construction and characterization of a two-channel SNSPD system. The detectors are mounted in a closed-cycle refrigerator, which eliminates reliance on liquid cryogens. Our specification was to deliver a system with 1% efficiency in both channels at a wavelength of 1310 nm with 1 kHz dark count rate. A full width at half maximum timing jitter of less than 90 ps is achieved in both channels. The system will be used to detect individual photons generated by quantum-optical sources at telecom wavelengths. Examples include single-photon sources based on quantum dots (emitting at 1310 nm). The SNSPD system's spectral sensitivity and timing resolution make it suited to characterization of such sources, and to wider QIST applications.
Formation of Three New Bonds and Two Stereocenters in Acyclic Systems by Zinc-Mediated Enantioselective Alkynylation of Acylsilanes, Brook Rearrangement, and Ene-Allene Carbocyclization Reactions (2014)

Diastereoisomerically pure (dr > 99:1) and enantiomerically enriched (er up to 98:2) substituted propargyl diols possessing a tertiary hydroxyl group were synthesized in a single-pot operation from simple acylsilanes through a combined catalytic enantioselective alkynylation of acylsilanes, followed by an allenyl-Zn-Brook rearrangement and Zn-ene-allene (or Zn-yne-allene) cyclization reaction. Two remarkable features of these reactions are the near complete transfer of chirality in the allenyl-Zn-Brook rearrangement and the highly organized six-membered transition state of the Zn-ene-allene carbocyclization found by DFT calculations. In this process, three new bonds and two new stereogenic centers are created in a single-pot operation in excellent diastereo- and enantiomeric ratios. DFT calculations show that the allenyl-Zn-Brook rearrangement occurs in preference to the classic [1,2]-Zn-Brook rearrangement owing to its significantly lower activation barrier.
Ripening of Hard Cheese Produced from Milk Concentrated by Reverse Osmosis (2019)

The application of reverse osmosis (RO) for preconcentration of milk (RO-milk) on farms can decrease the overall transportation costs of milk, increase the capacity of cheese production, and may be highly attractive from the cheese manufacturer's viewpoint. In this study, an attempt was made to produce a hard cheese from RO-milk with a concentration factor of 1.9 (RO-cheese). Proteolysis, volatile profiles, and sensory properties were evaluated throughout six months of RO-cheese ripening. Moderate primary proteolysis took place during RO-cheese ripening: about 70% of α<sub>s1</sub>-casein and 45% of β-casein were hydrolyzed by the end of cheese maturation. The total content of free amino acids (FAA) increased from 4.3 to 149.9 mmol kg<sup>-1</sup>, with Lys, Pro, Glu, Leu, and γ-aminobutyric acid dominating in ripened cheese. In total, 42 volatile compounds were identified at different stages of maturation of RO-cheese; these compounds have previously been found in traditional Gouda-type and hard-type cheeses of prolonged maturation. Fresh RO-cheese was characterized by a milky and buttery flavor, whereas sweetness, saltiness, and umami flavor increased during ripening. Current results prove the feasibility of RO-milk for the production of hard cheese with acceptable sensory characteristics and may encourage further research and implementation of RO technology in cheese manufacture.
EC-145, a folate-targeted Vinca alkaloid conjugate for the potential treatment of folate receptor-expressing cancers. (2010)

EC-145, under development by Endocyte, is a conjugate composed of desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide linked through a peptide spacer to the targeting moiety folic acid, for the potential intravenous treatment of folate receptor-overexpressing tumors, in particular ovarian and lung cancers. In vitro studies demonstrated that EC-145 selectively binds to cells that overexpress the folate receptor, causing dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, coincubation of the KB human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line with EC-145 and doxorubicin resulted in synergistic antitumor activity. Experiments in mouse tumor xenograft models have confirmed the potency of EC-145 and the curative effects of the drug conjugate were demonstrated in an aggressive lymphoma xenograft model. In a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors, adverse events were generally of moderate severity with the most frequent being fatigue, constipation and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Preliminary data from a phase II clinical trial in patients with advanced ovarian cancer demonstrated that third- or fourth-line treatment with EC-145 yielded better disease control than second- or third-line liposomal doxorubicin. Coadministration of EC-145 and liposomal doxorubicin produced a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival over standard therapy in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Phase III clinical trials are expected to confirm these promising results.
Towards Semi-automated Detection of Trigger-based Behavior for Software Security Assurance (2017)

A program exhibits trigger-based behavior if it performs undocumented, often malicious, functions when the environmental conditions and/or specific input values match some pre-specified criteria. Checking whether such hidden functions exist in the program is important for increasing trustworthiness of software. In this paper, we propose a framework to effectively detect trigger-based behavior at the source code level. Our approach is semi-automated: We use automated source code instrumentation and mixed concrete and symbolic execution to generate potentially suspicious test cases that may trigger hidden, potentially malicious functions. The test cases must be investigated by a human analyst manually to decide which of them are real triggers. While our approach is not fully automated, it greatly reduces manual work by allowing analysts to focus on a few test cases found by our automated tools.
Polypropylene Composite with Aminated Cellulose Nanocrystal (2020)

폴리프로필렌(PP)/셀룰로오스 나노크리스탈(CNC) 복합재료 내 CNC의 분산성을 향상시키기 위해 CNC를 (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane(APTES)로 개질하였다. 복합재료는 용융 혼합 방법으로 제작되었고, 무수말레인산이 수식된 폴리프로필렌(MAPP)을 상용화제로 사용하였다. CNC의 개질 여부는 적외선 분광학, 광전자분광법, 고체상SUP13/SUPC 핵자기공명분석법을 사용하였으며, 각각의 스펙트럼을 통해 APTES가 CNC 표면에 수식된 것을 확인하였다. 개질된 CNC와 MAPP 상용화제의 첨가로 인해 변화되는 PP/CNC 복합재료의 형태구조 및 기계적 성질을 확인하였다. SEM을 이용한 복합재료의 형태구조를 분석한 결과, MAPP가 첨가됨에 따라 충전제와 기지재 사이의 계면 상호작용이 향상되어 CNC 입자의 분상성이 향상되었다. PP/아민화 CNC 복합재료의 경우, PP/CNC 복합재료에 비해 굴곡 탄성률 및 강도가 향상된 결과를 나타내었다.
Alkylidene transfer from monochloroalkylmercury(II) compounds to aromatic amines; selective c-alkylation (1980)

α,α-Diarylalkane derivatives have been synthesized from monochloroalkylmercury(II) compounds in a non carbenoid alkylidenetransfer reaction which takes place selectively on the aromatic ring. A mechanism is suggested for this process. Intermediate products are prepared by alternative routes to ascertain their participation in the course of the reaction. As a consequence, two different aryl groups can be successively incorporated into the alkane molecule.
Dynamic systolic associative memory chip (2002)

A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip is to be modified to associatively search data in it as it is being refreshed in the chip and to communicate in a linear systolic array. In a preliminary logic design of a (256*4096) associative memory chip based on a 1-Mb DRAM, the approximately 10 transistors per sense amplifier in a DRAM are expanded to approximately 24 transistors per sense amplifier in the modified chip. The chip size is only slightly increased, and it is manufactured using the same processes, in the same plant, as a DRAM chip; thus, it should cost about the same as a DRAM. A large array of such modified DRAMs could store a terabit database and search all of it every 60 mu s. Bit pattern searching and search-rewrite algorithms could be economically performed over very large amounts of data. The concepts and the design of the simple modified DRAM are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Theoretical and experimental comparison of different configurations of tapered fiber lasers (2011)

The aim of this paper is a comparative theoretical and experimental study of two different schemes of fiber lasers with T-DCF as an active medium. In the first scheme, a high reflective (HR) mirror is located at the narrow end of T-DCF, and the wide fiber end serves as an output coupler of the laser. In the second scheme, the HR mirror is placed at the wide end of T-DCF, with the narrow end acting as the output of the laser. Due to the asymmetric active medium, the two schemes have significantly distinct properties, and the choice of configuration is important in terms of potential applications. Using the developed theoretical model, we obtained the distribution of power and power density inside the fiber for both considered schemes with different longitudinal shapes of T-DCF. Furthermore, the problems arising from the mode conversion effect, existing in the T-DCF, have been studied theoretically.
Self-Collected Saline Gargle Samples as an Alternative to Health Care Worker-Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Outpatients (2021)

We assessed the performance, stability, and user acceptability of swab-independent self-collected saliva and saline mouth rinse/gargle sample types for the molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in adults and school-aged children. Outpatients who had recently been diagnosed with COVID-19 or were presenting with suspected COVID-19 were asked to have a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab collected and provide at least one self-collected sample type. Participants were also asked about sample acceptability using a five-point Likert scale. For those previously diagnosed with COVID-19, all samples underwent real-time PCR testing using a lab-developed assay, and the majority were also tested using an FDA-authorized assay. For those presenting with suspected COVID-19, only those with a positive nasopharyngeal swab sample went on to have other samples tested. Saline mouth rinse/gargle and saliva samples were tested daily at time zero, day 1, and day 2 to assess nucleic acid stability at room temperature. Fifty participants (aged 4 to 71 years) were included; of these, 40 had at least one positive sample and were included in the primary sample yield analysis. Saline mouth rinse/gargle samples had a sensitivity of 98% (39/40), while saliva samples had a sensitivity of 79% (26/33). Both saline mouth rinse/gargle and saliva samples showed stable viral RNA detection after 2 days of room temperature storage. Mouth rinse/gargle samples had the highest (mean, 4.9) and health care worker (HCW)-collected NP swabs had the lowest acceptability scores (mean, 3.1). In conclusion, saline mouth rinse/gargle samples demonstrated higher combined user acceptability ratings and analytical performance than saliva and HCW-collected NP swabs. This sample type is a promising swab-independent option, particularly for outpatient self-collection in adults and school-aged children.
Real-time vision at siemens corporate research (2006)

Computer vision has found applicability in a wide variety of industrial applications. These include surveillance and security, industrial inspection and automation, medical and automotive. This paper gives an overview of the work performed at Siemens Corporate Research in these areas. Some of the basic technologies that are needed for such applications are highlighted along with a brief overview of the particular constraints existing in such applications. Then, our view of the systems methodology required in order to build robust, scalable and reusable systems and modules is presented. Finally, we present our view of the future directions in this field.
Lo malo de la Gran Academia con aire oficial (2011)

Both low diastolic and high systolic pressure are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and dementia in this elderly population. The atherosclerotic process may explain the observed associations. In addition, low diastolic pressure may increase dementia risk by affecting cerebral perfusion.
Magnetic resonance imaging of high-intensity focused ultrasound-stimulated drug release from a self-reporting core@shell nanoparticle platform (2020)

We developed a theranostic approach exemplifying a concept called an "exchange method" that controls and "images" drug release from nanoparticles using magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. The controllable amount of released drug and therapeutic efficacy can be self-reported by associated MRI contrast changes in solution and in cells.
New iterative ray-traced collision detection algorithm for GPU architectures (2013)

We present IRTCD, a novel Iterative Ray-Traced Collision Detection algorithm that exploits spatial and temporal coherency. Our approach uses any existing standard ray-tracing algorithm and we propose an iterative algorithm that updates the previous time step results at a lower cost with some approximations. Applied for rigid bodies, our iterative algorithm accelerate the collision detection by a speedup up to 33 times compared to non-iterative algorithms on GPU.
Probing the stability of multicomponent self-assembled architectures based on cucurbit[8]uril in the gas phase (2012)

Aqueous supramolecular chemistry and highly controlled self-assembly of multi-component architectures are novel tools for investigating and answering questions with different biological implications. Among other self-assembly motifs the barrel-shaped host molecule cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) is of particular interest due to its capability of incorporating two guest molecules simultaneously in its hydrophobic cavity. This allows for its use as a supramolecular linking unit to conjugate two different entities such as polymers, peptides, and proteins as well as conjugation of various species to surfaces, colloids and nanoparticles. This study aims to improve our understanding of CB[8] ternary complex formation and stability. A series of CB[8] architectures of different size and chemistry have been analyzed in the gas phase to obtain information about their stability in the absence of solvent effects. While hydrophobic effects and solvation energies play a crucial role for host-guest affinities in solution, gas phase stabilities are determined by the guest's ability to form hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Increasing the size of the second guest resulted in an increase of gas phase stability, likely due to additional non-covalent interactions.
Milk Lactose Malabsorption in Gabon Measured by the Breath Hydrogen Test (1989)

It is usual to consider that the greatest part of the black African population is lactose intolerant. Also, milk lactose malabsorption was studied by a breath hydrogen technique in 87 Gabonese children and 20 Gabonese adults (central Africa). The prevalence of malabsorption was 64.2% in rural schoolchildren, 65% in the urban hospitalized, and 60% in adults. Twelve children and six adults had clinical symptoms after a lactose load. All subjects were Bantus, with no tradition of consuming dairy products. These data must be considered in programs of nutritional support in Africa.
Soluble polymeric ligands for metal complexation and catalyst recovery (2003)

Abstract Soluble polymers that bind metals and that in turn can be separated from other components of a reaction mixture are described. The polymers used include derivatives of acrylamides, acrylates, polystyrene and other polymers. Both sequestration of trace metals and recovery of homogeneous catalysts is discussed. Separation methods using liquid/liquid mixtures that are monophasic during a reaction but biphasic during a separation are emphasized.
Multimodal Biometric Template Protection Based on a Cancelable SoftmaxOut Fusion Network (2022)

Authentication systems that employ biometrics are commonplace, as they offer a convenient means of authenticating an individual’s identity. However, these systems give rise to concerns about security and privacy due to insecure template management. As a remedy, biometric template protection (BTP) has been developed. Cancelable biometrics is a non-invertible form of BTP in which the templates are changeable. This paper proposes a deep-learning-based end-to-end multimodal cancelable biometrics scheme called cancelable SoftmaxOut fusion network (CSMoFN). By end-to-end, we mean a model that receives raw biometric data as input and produces a protected template as output. CSMoFN combines two biometric traits, the face and the periocular region, and is composed of three modules: a feature extraction and fusion module, a permutation SoftmaxOut transformation module, and a multiplication-diagonal compression module. The first module carries out feature extraction and fusion, while the second and third are responsible for the hashing of fused features and compression. In addition, our network is equipped with dual template-changeability mechanisms with user-specific seeded permutation and binary random projection. CSMoFN is trained by minimizing the ArcFace loss and the pairwise angular loss. We evaluate the network, using six face–periocular multimodal datasets, in terms of its verification performance, unlinkability, revocability, and non-invertibility.
Automatic image-to-site model registration (2002)

Image-to-site model registration is critical to model supported exploitation of aerial and satellite imagery. This paper presents a fully-automatic registration method. This method uses a multi-resolution image-to-image registration process assuming both affine and projective transformations to determine and refine the locations of 3D control points in the new image. Camera resection is subsequently accomplished. Registration results obtained on real imagery show good performance.
Antimicrobial Agents from Marine Algae (1975)

The antimicrobial activity of five compounds extracted from marine algae was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli. Three of the compounds, cycloeudesmol, laurinterol, and debromolaurinterol, exhibited activity at concentrations approaching that of streptomycin. None of the compounds inhibited all of the organisms tested. There appeared to be selectivity for gram-positive microbes.
Preface (1989)

The metal-ion and host-guest chemistry of macrocyclic ligands has developed rapidly over recent years and now impinges on wide areas of both chemistry and biochemistry. It is the aim of this work to present, in a single volume, an overview of the main developments in the area. An attempt has been made to provide a text for those seeking an introduction to the field as well as one which will be of use to practising ‘macrocyclists’. In particular, it is hoped that the material covered will provide an appropriate basis for a senior undergraduate/graduate course on macrocyclic chemistry. It has been used in this way by the author at James Cook University.