gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Tensile Properties of Bovine Articular Cartilage and Their Variation With Age and Depth (2004)

Tensile stiffness of articular cartilage is much greater than its compressive stiffness and plays an essential role even in compressive properties by increasing transient fluid pressures during physiological loading. Recent studies of nonlinear properties of articular cartilage in compression revealed several physiologically pertinent nonlinear behaviors, all of which required that cartilage tensile stiffness increase significantly with stretch. We therefore performed sequences of uniaxial tension tests on fresh bovine articular cartilage slices using a protocol that allowed several hours to attain equilibrium and measured longitudinal and transverse tissue strain. By testing bovine cartilage from different ages (6 months to 6 years) we found that equilibrium and transient tensile modulus increased significantly with maturation and age, from 0 to 15 MPa at equilibrium and from 10 to 28 MPa transiently. Our results indicate that cartilage stiffens with age in a manner similar to other highly hydrated connective tissues, possibly due to age-dependent content of enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross links. The long relaxation period used in our tests (5-10 hours) was necessary in order to attain equilibrium and avoid a very significant overestimation of equilibrium modulus that occurs when much shorter times are used (15-30 minutes). We also found that equilibrium and transient tensile modulus increased nonlinearly when cartilage is stretched from 0 to 10% strain without any previous tare load. Although our results estimate a nonlinear increase in tensile stiffness with stretch that is an order of magnitude lower than that required to predict nonlinear properties in compression, they are in agreement with previous results from other uniaxial tension tests of collagenous materials. We therefore speculate that biaxial tensile moduli may be much higher and thereby more compatible with observed nonlinear compressive properties.
37.3: A Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Display with Simple Electron Beam Trajectory Control (2007)

Abstract A unique gated cathode structure for a Carbon Nanotube‐based field emission display has been designed and built. This structure optimizes the electron beam profiles so as to assure high anode electron efficiency and a good color gamut without requiring specific focusing electrodes or structure. A computer simulation written to analyze and aid with the design shows good correlation with the experimental data and also helps to predict design margins. A full color frit‐sealed display built with the approach demonstrates an excellent color gamut of the phosphor, and the model predicts avenues for increasing the color gamut further.
Picosecond carrier dynamics near the gallium arsenide surface (1989)

Analytical models for ambipolar diffusion and recombination successfully describe picosecond reflectivity signals for flat n-type GaAs, providing quantitative evaluation of surface recombination velocities. The simple models fail to describe the signals observed in the presence of band bending for typical pinned GaAs. Results of numerical modeling calculations developed in order to describe experiments characterized by band bending due to surface electric fields are reported. The results provide an excellent description of carrier dynamics for (100) surfaces of intrinsic, n-doped, and Cr-doped material. The numerical results converge to those provided by the ambipolar diffusion-recombination model for zero surface charge. The investigations suggest that the band-filled processes principally account for the measured reflectivity signals. Whereas the modeling studies successfully described the observations made on the (100) surface of n-type GaAs, radically different types of signals were observed for p-type samples, and for the (111) surface [positive signal amplitude for (1,1,1), negative amplitude (1̅,1̅,1̅)]. These results are not understood at present.
Sulfur Cathodes with Hydrogen Reduced Titanium Dioxide Inverse Opal Structure (2014)

Sulfur is a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with a high specific capacity of 1675 mAh/g. The rapid capacity fading, however, presents a significant challenge for the practical application of sulfur cathodes. Two major approaches that have been developed to improve the sulfur cathode performance include (a) fabricating nanostructured conductive matrix to physically encapsulate sulfur and (b) engineering chemical modification to enhance binding with polysulfides and, thus, to reduce their dissolution. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) electrode structure to achieve both sulfur physical encapsulation and polysulfides binding simultaneously. The electrode is based on hydrogen reduced TiO2 with an inverse opal structure that is highly conductive and robust toward electrochemical cycling. The relatively enclosed 3D structure provides an ideal architecture for sulfur and polysulfides confinement. The openings at the top surface allow sulfur infusion into the inverse opal structure. In addition, chemical tuning of the TiO2 composition through hydrogen reduction was shown to enhance the specific capacity and cyclability of the cathode. With such TiO2 encapsulated sulfur structure, the sulfur cathode could deliver a high specific capacity of ∼1100 mAh/g in the beginning, with a reversible capacity of ∼890 mAh/g after 200 cycles of charge/discharge at a C/5 rate. The Coulombic efficiency was also maintained at around 99.5% during cycling. The results showed that inverse opal structure of hydrogen reduced TiO2 represents an effective strategy in improving lithium sulfur batteries performance.
Preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma for a basic understanding of cancer biology and its translation into efficient therapies (2020)

Comprehensive molecular characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has led to the identification of distinct molecular subgroups with fundamental differences in biological properties and clinical behavior. Despite improvements in tumor classification and increased understanding about the signaling pathways involved in neoplastic transformation and disease progression, current standard-of-care treatment for HNSCC mostly remains to be based on a stage-dependent strategy whereby all patients at the same stage receive the same treatment. Preclinical models that closely resemble molecular HNSCC subgroups that can be exploited for dissecting the biological function of genetic variants and/or altered gene expression will be highly valuable for translating molecular findings into improved clinical care. In the present review, we merge and discuss existing and new information on established cell lines, primary two- and three-dimensional ex vivo tumor cultures from HNSCC patients, and animal models. We review their value in elucidating the basic biology of HNSCC, molecular mechanisms of treatment resistance and their potential for the development of novel molecularly stratified treatment.
Antitumor activity of methoxylated flavonoids separated from Achillea fragrantissima extract in Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma model in mice (2020)

Introduction: Achillea fragrantissima extract has been used in folk medicine as an anticancer. The present study describes the antitumor activities of the extract and the flavonoid compounds and attempts to explain the mechanisms underlying these activities. Methods: The whole plant of A. fragrantissima was collected and ground to produce a fine powder which subjected to the maceration process. Step gradient elution was used using silica gel vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The fractions were compared by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and concentrated. Final purification was performed using Sephadex LH-20 to give three compounds cirsiliol, chrysosplenol D and cirsimaritin from F4 and one compound, eupatilin-7-methyl ether from F6. In this study, Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) model was used as the model of cancer. Results: Achillea fragrantissima extract and its isolated methoxylated flavonoids significantly reduced the weight of tumor discs compared to EAC-control group. In addition, cirsimaritin and eupatilin 7-methyl ether treatments produced a dose-dependent reduction in tumor weight. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ) level showed that A. fragrantissima extract and its isolated methoxylated flavonoid compounds significantly reduced its serum level compared to the EAC-control group. Furthermore, A. fragrantissima extract and the flavonoids significantly increased the Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to EAC-control. A. fragrantissima extract and its isolated methoxylated flavonoids produced a better differentiation of tumor cells, with reduced nuclear pleomorphism and better formed tubular structures especially with high dose indicating the induction of apoptotic mechanism. Conclusion: Achillea fragrantissima extract and its isolated methoxylated flavonoids exhibit antitumor activities that may be attributed to the antioxidant properties and the induction of the apoptotic process.
Non-invasive in-situ radiation dosimetry - US 9,035,268 B2 patent (2015)

status: Published
PaperPhone (2011)

Flexible displays potentially allow for interaction styles that resemble those used in paper documents. Bending the display, e.g., to page forward, shows particular promise as an interaction technique. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the effectiveness of various bend gestures in executing a set of tasks with a flexible display. We discuss a study in which users designed bend gestures for common computing actions deployed on a smartphone-inspired flexible E Ink prototype called PaperPhone. We collected a total of 87 bend gesture pairs from ten participants and their appropriateness over twenty actions in five applications. We identified six most frequently used bend gesture pairs out of 24 unique pairs. Results show users preferred bend gestures and bend gesture pairs that were conceptually simpler, e.g., along one axis, and less physically demanding. There was a strong agreement among participants to use the same three pairs in applications: (1) side of display, up/down (2) top corner, up/down (3) bottom corner, up/down. For actions with a strong directional cue, we found strong consensus on the polarity of the bend gestures (e.g., navigating left is performed with an upwards bend gesture, navigating right, downwards). This implies that bend gestures that take directional cues into account are likely more natural to users.
A Planar Quasi-Optical Subharmonically Pumped Mixer Characterized by Isotropic Conversion Loss (1984)

By using a subharmonically pumped circuit in a quasi-optical planar mixer, we have found it possible to use an LO frequency of one-half the normaf value with little added circuit complexity. This circuit shows conversion loss as low as 8.6dB +- 2 dB at 14 GHz. Through the means of a newly defined quasi-optical mixer parameter called isotiopic conversion loss (L/sub iso/), we find that performance of the mixer system degrades less than 10 dB from an RF input of 14 GHz to 35 GHz, which is more than twice the designed RF frequency.
H1‐Histamines: Development, Structure and Novel Trends (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nano‐pulse stimulation induces potent immune responses, eradicating local breast cancer while reducing distant metastases (2017)

Nano-pulse stimulation (NPS) as a developing technology has been studied for minimally invasive, nonthermal local cancer elimination for more than a decade. Here we show that a single NPS treatment results in complete regression of the poorly immunogenic, metastatic 4T1-Luc mouse mammary carcinoma. Impressively, spontaneous distant organ metastases were largely prevented, even in those animals with incomplete tumor regression. All tumor-free mice were protected from secondary tumor cell challenge, demonstrating a vaccine-like effect. NPS treatment induced antitumor immunity, long-term memory T cells, destruction of tumor microenvironment and reversal of the massive increase of immune suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment and blood. NPS-treated 4T1 cells exhibited release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP, and activated dendritic cells. Those findings suggest that NPS is a potent immunogenic cell death inducer that elicits antitumor immunity to prevent distant metastases in addition to local tumor eradication.
Geometry design of an elastic finger-shaped sensor for estimating friction coefficient by pressing an object (2004)

The authors have proposed a method for detecting a friction coefficient between a planar object and an elastic finger-shaped sensor by only pressing the sensor against the object in our previous study. In the present study, an elastic finger-shaped sensor made of silicone rubber is designed and produced. First, geometry of the finger-shaped sensor is designed using finite element analysis (FEA). Results of FEA revealed that strain detected using strain gage incorporated near the edge of the contact surface varies when the friction coefficient between the finger-based sensor and a planar object varies. Then, in a experiment using the newly designed sensor, it is confirmed that the friction coefficient between the finger and the object is detected using the strain inside the finger when the sensor is pressed against the object.
Thermotogales (2001)

Abstract Members of the order Thermotogales show an outstanding phylogenetic position within the domain Bacteria, based on their 16S rDNA sequences. Some Thermotogales organisms or relatives have an upper temperature limit of growth at 90°C. Together with representatives of the order Aquificales, they represent the bacteria with the highest growth temperatures currently known.
Antibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein predicting myocardial infarction (1994)

<h3>Background:</h3> Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein is believed to be an important step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether antibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein, reported to be associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis, is predictive of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. <h3>Methods:</h3> Serum samples from 135 cases and their controls, drawn at entry from middle-aged dyslipidemic men participating in the Helsinki Heart Study, a 5-year coronary primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil, were tested for immunoglobulin G class antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. <h3>Results:</h3> The mean antibody level, expressed in optical density units, was significantly higher in cases than in controls (0.412 vs 0.356,<i>P</i>=.002). After adjustment for age, smoking, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, there was a 2.5-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.9) of a cardiac end point in the highest tertile of antibody level vs the lowest tertile (<i>P</i>=.005 for trend). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Elevated levels of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein were predictive of myocardial infarction. The effect was independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the joint effect was additive. Elevated antibody levels modified the effects of classic coronary risk factors. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2605-2609)
A parallelized way to provide data encryption and integrity checking on a processor-memory bus (2006)

This paper describes a novel engine, called PE-ICE (Parallelized Encryption and Integrity Checking Engine), enabling to guarantee confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged between a SoC (System on Chip) and its external memory. The PE-ICE approach is based on an existing block-encryption algorithm to which the integrity checking capability is added. Simulation results show that the performance overhead of PE-ICE remains low (below 4%) compared to block-encryption-only systems (which provide data confidentiality only).
Ab initio values of the thermophysical properties of helium as standards (2000)

Recent quantum mechanical calculations of the interaction energy of pairs of helium atoms are accurate and some include reliable estimates of their uncertainty. We combined these ab initio results with earlier published results to obtain a helium-helium interatomic potential that includes relativistic retardation effects over all ranges of interaction. From this potential, we calculated the thermophysical properties of helium, i.e., the second virial coefficients, the dilute-gas viscosities, and the dilute-gas thermal conductivities of (3)He, (4)He, and their equimolar mixture from 1 K to 10(4) K. We also calculated the diffusion and thermal diffusion coefficients of mixtures of (3)He and (4)He. For the pure fluids, the uncertainties of the calculated values are dominated by the uncertainties of the potential; for the mixtures, the uncertainties of the transport properties also include contributions from approximations in the transport theory. In all cases, the uncertainties are smaller than the corresponding experimental uncertainties; therefore, we recommend the ab initio results be used as standards for calibrating instruments relying on these thermophysical properties. We present the calculated thermophysical properties in easy-to-use tabular form.
Technology Planning–A Process for Tying Technology Development to Business Objectives (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A technology planning process has been developed which can help a technology-based company sort through a myriad possible product or process technologies and arrive at a well-defined technological direction. This process encompasses the business strategy of a company and requires definition of a consistent technology strategy, product and/or process needs and candidate satisfiers, analysis of the selected candidate projects, and concise communication of the company's technological direction. Depending on competitive and business environments, communication of a company's specific directions to its suppliers and customers might be appropriate.&lt;/div&gt;
Ag-doping regulates the cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles via oxidative stress in human cancer cells (2017)

We investigated the anticancer potential of Ag-doped (0.5-5%) anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Characterization study showed that dopant Ag was well-distributed on the surface of host TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Size (15 nm to 9 nm) and band gap energy (3.32 eV to 3.15 eV) of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were decreases with increasing the concentration of Ag dopant. Biological studies demonstrated that Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NP-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells. The toxic intensity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was increases with increasing the amount of Ag-doping. The Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs further found to provoke reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidants depletion. Toxicity induced by Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs in HepG2 cells was efficiently abrogated by antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger). We also found that Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Interestingly, Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs did not cause much toxicity to normal cells such as primary rat hepatocytes and human lung fibroblasts. Overall, we found that Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs have potential to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. This study warranted further research on anticancer potential of Ag-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs in various types of cancer cells and in vivo models.
Assessment of fluorochromes for cellular structure and function studies by flow cytometry (1993)

Because flow cytometry permits the analysis of individual whole cells, one of the key requirements in selecting a probe is its ability to target the site of interest into cells. In addition, dyes must possess ideal properties (ie extinction coefficient, Stoke's shift) rendering them appropriate for this methodology. Other characteristics, such as fluorescence quenching and energy transfer, inherent to the staining, provide numerous applications in flow cytometry. The available fluorophores used in flow cytometry are classified according to their cellular incorporation and binding. Thus, probes are presented and discussed as follows: 1) dyes of cellular components (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids); 2) probes of membrane potential; 3) fluorophores that are sensitive to their microenvironment (pH, calcium, etc); and 4) those used for measurement of enzymatic activities into cells.
Influence of dry etching using argon on structural and electrical properties of crystalline and non-crystalline SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films (1999)

Abstract After patterning the Platinum/crystalline SrBi2Ta2O9 bilayer by Argon based Reactive Ion Etching (RIE), a degradation of the remanent polarization and leakage current of the capacitors for smaller feature sizes is observed. To simulate the study of the side wall of the capacitors, etching of blanket SBT is used as a model experiment. It is shown that etching of crystalline SBT is damaging the SBT material, resulting in the formation of small crystallites (SEM), the appearance of an unknown peak (XRD) and reduction of the Bismuth content on the SBT surface (AES). Using non-crystalline SBT, neither a degradation of electrical properties for smaller feature sizes nor a structural damage of blanket SBT is found after etching and recrystallization annealing although after etching of non-crystalline SBT also a loss of Bi is seen as indicated by AES. Therefore the following model is proposed: Patterning the Pt/crystalline SBT capacitor leads to a Bi deficient edge of the dielectric. Due to the crystalline SBT, this damaged zone can not be recovered by the final recovery anneal. For the non-crystalline SBT however, the Bi deficient regions at the edge are recovered during final anneal by the crystallizing SBT material itself.
Evidence for Dicer-dependent RNA interference in the industrial penicillin producer Penicillium chrysogenum (2009)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing system that downregulates target gene expression. Here, we provide several lines of evidence for RNA silencing in the industrial beta-lactam antibiotic producer Penicillium chrysogenum using the DsRed reporter gene under the control of the constitutive trpC promoter or the inducible xylP promoter. The functional RNAi system was verified by detection of siRNAs that hybridized exclusively with gene-specific (32)P-labelled RNA probes. Moreover, when RNAi was used to silence the endogenous PcbrlA morphogene that controls conidiophore development, a dramatic reduction in the formation of conidiospores was observed in 47 % of the corresponding transformants. Evidence that RNAi in P. chrysogenum is dependent on a Dicer peptide was provided with a strain lacking Pcdcl2. In the DeltaPcdcl2 background, silencing of the PcbrlA gene was tested. None of the transformants analysed showed a developmental defect. The applicability of the RNAi system in P. chrysogenum was finally demonstrated by silencing the Pcku70 gene to increase homologous recombination frequency. This led to the generation of single and double knockout mutants.