gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion mechanism and parameter analysis of anodal-first waveforms for selective stimulation of C-fiber nerves (2020)

Abstract Few investigations have been conducted on selective stimulation of small-radius unmyelinated C nerves ( C ), which is critical to both recoveries of damaged nerves and pain suppressions. The purpose of this study is to understand how an anodal pulse in an anodal-first stimulation could improve C -selectivity over myelinated nociceptive Aδ nerves ( Aδ ), and further clarify the landscape of the solution space. The Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model and the Mclntyre-Richardson-Grill (MRG) model were used for modelling C and Aδ, respectively to analyze the underlying ion dynamics and the influence of relevant stimulation waveforms, including monopolar, polarity-symmetric, and asymmetric pulses. Results showed that polarity-asymmetric waveforms with preceding anodal stimulations benefit C -selectivity most, underlain by the decrease of the potassium ion current of C . The optimal parameters for C -selectivity have been identified in the low frequency band, which will benefit remarkably the designs of nociceptive nerve selective stimulation.
ATTRIBUTE PARTITIONING IN A SELF-ADAPTIVE RELATIONAL DATA BASE SYSTEM (1978)

One technique that is sometimes employed to enhance the performance of a database management system is known as attribute partitioning. This is the process of dividing the attributes of a file into subfiles that are stored separately. By storing together those attributes that are frequently requested together by transactions, and by separating those that are not, attribute partitioning can reduce the number of pages that must be transferred from secondary storage to primary memory in order to process a transaction. The goal of this work is to design mechanisms that can automatically select a near-optimal attribute partition of a file's attributes, based on the usage pattern of the file and on the characteristics of the data in the file. The approach taken to this problem is based on the use of a file design cost estimator and of heuristics to guide a search through the large space of possible partitions. The heuristics propose a small set of promising partitions to submit for detailed analysis. The estimator assigns a figure of merit to any proposed partition that reflects the cost that would be incurred in processing the transactions in the usage pattern if the file were partitioned in the proposed way. We have also conducted an extensive series of experiments with a variety of design heuristics; as a result, we have identified a heuristic that nearly always finds the optimal partition of a file.
Predictors of Chemosensitivity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Integrated Genomic Analysis (2016)

The comprehensive molecular analysis presented in this study directly links BRCA deficiency with increased clonal mutation burden and significantly enhanced chemosensitivity in TNBC and suggests that functional RNA-based BRCA deficiency needs to be further examined in TNBC.
Cold and distant: structural features of the nucleoprotein complex of a cold-adapted influenza A virus strain (2020)

Two influenza A nucleoprotein variants (wild-type: G102R; and mutant: G102R and E292G) were studied with regard to macro-molecular interactions in oligomeric form (24-mers). The E292G mutation has been previously shown to provide cold adaptation. Molecular dynamics simulations of these complexes and trajectory analysis showed that the most significant difference between the obtained models was distance between nucleoprotein complex strands. The isolated complexes of two ribonucleoprotein variants were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF). Presence of the E292G substitution was shown by DSF to affect nucleoprotein complex melting temperature. In the filament interface peptide model, it was shown that the peptide corresponding in primary structure to the wild-type NP (SGYDF<b><u>E</u></b>REGYS) is prone to temperature-dependent self-association, unlike the peptide corresponding to E292G substitution (SGYDF<b><u>G</u></b>REGYS). It was also shown that the SGYDF<b><u>E</u></b>REGYS peptide is capable of interacting with a monomeric nucleoprotein (wild type); this interaction's equilibrium dissociation constant is five orders of magnitude lower than for the SGYDF<b><u>G</u></b>REGYS peptide. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), the supramolecular structures of isolated complexes of these proteins were studied at temperatures of 15, 32, and 37 °C. SANS data show that the structures of the studied complexes at elevated temperature differ from the rod-like particle model and react differently to temperature changes. The data suggest that the mechanism behind cold adaptation with E292G is associated with a weakening of the interaction between strands of the ribonucleoprotein complex and, as a result, the appearance of inter-chain interface flexibility necessary for complex function at low temperature.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Pituitary prolactinoma mimicking tumor originating from the sphenoid sinus or clivus. (1997)

We report a case of a pituitary prolactinoma mimicking a sphenoid sinus or clival tumor. On magnetic resonance (MR) images, a soft tissue mass located inferior to the apparently normal pituitary gland, and occupied the posterior third of the sphenoid sinus and eroded the upper portion of the clivus. It had iso- to low intensity on the T1-weighted image, and slightly high intensity on the T2-weighted image. Careful observation revealed that the floor of the sella turcica was not identified and there was sulcus formation between the tumor and clivus, probably suggesting extraclival tumor, pituitary tumor. Transsphenoidal tumor resection and histopathological study revealed that it was a prolactinoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates. Part 29. Synthesis of the Methyl Thioglycosides of Deoxy‐N‐acetylneuraminic Acids for Use as Glycosyl Donors. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast self-organization by the probing algorithm (1989)

A new computational algorithm, the probing algorithm, is introduced for the subproblem of finding the best matching unit in Kohonen's self-organization procedure (Self-Organization and Associative Memory, Springer-Verlag, 1988). It is compared to exhaustive search and to four other algorithms and shown to be roughly six to 10 times faster for the case of high-dimensional vectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved understanding of novel sources of resistance against the light leaf spot pathogen, Pyrenopeziza brassicae (2017)

Chinthani Shanika Karandeni Dewage, Kavithra Jayani Wijerathna, Henrik U. Stotz, and Bruce D. L. Fitt, 'Improved understanding of novel sources of resistance against the light leaf spot pathogen, Pyrenopeziza brassicae', paper presented at the Association of Applied Biologists Conference Crop Production in Southern Britain 2017, 15 - 16 February 2017, Peterborough, UK. Proceedings available online at: http://www.aab.org.uk/contentok.php?id=501.
7T Human Spine Imaging Arrays With Adjustable Inductive Decoupling (2009)

Ultrahigh-field human spine RF transceiver coil arrays face daunting technical challenges in achieving large imaging coverage with sufficient B(1) penetration and sensitivity, and in attaining robust decoupling among coil elements. In this paper, human spine coil arrays for ultrahigh field were built and studied. Transceiver arrays with loop-shaped microstrip transmission line were designed, fabricated, and tested for 7-tesla (7T) MRI. With the proposed adjustable inductive decoupling technique, the isolation between adjacent coil elements is easily addressed. Preliminary results of human spine images acquired using the transceiver arrays demonstrate the feasibility of the design for ultrahigh-field MR applications and its robust performance for parallel imaging.
Peer Reviewed: Instrumental Analysis at the University of Kansas: An Experiment in Problem-Based Learning. (1999)

Students work in groups to solve real-world problems.
Emile Haag, Emile Krier, La grande-duchesse et son gouvernement pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. 1940. L'année du dilemme, 1987 (2018)

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New surgical approaches for clinically high-risk or metastatic prostate cancer (2017)

A considerable number of individuals with prostate cancer (PCa) still harbor locally-advanced and metastatic disease. Although such men were initially not considered eligible for local treatment, the role of radical prostatectomy (RP) has been recently reassessed. Areas covered: This review analyses currently published evidences regarding new surgical approaches for clinically high-risk PCa individuals, as well as the role of cytoreductive surgery in the metastatic setting. The role of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection will be evaluated with regards to perioperative, oncologic, as well as functional outcomes. Expert commentary: RARP is a feasible approach in PCa patients regardless of the presence of high-risk disease features and can achieve optimal short-term oncologic outcomes and acceptable short/intermediate-term functional outcomes, that are comparable to those reported for open RP. Extended pelvic lymph node dissection can be performed in this setting and should be recommended for all high-risk PCa patients. The overall rate of complications in contemporary men treated with RARP for high-risk disease is not negligible. Cytoreduction in the oligo-metastatic setting is feasible and relatively safe, although evidence is scarce to recommend its widespread adoption. In consequence, longer follow-up data and, ideally, randomized controlled trials are needed.
SPAR: a schematic place and route system (1993)

An approach to the automatic generation of schematic diagrams from circuit descriptions is presented. The heuristics that make up the system are based on two principles of schematics readability: functional identification and traceability. SPAR's generation process is broken into five distinct phases: partitioning the netlist, placement of components on the page, global routing, local routing, and the addition of I/O modules. All phases of the generation process use a two-dimensional space management technique based on virtual tile spaces. The global router is guided by a cost function consisting of both congestion and wirelength estimates. The local router uses a constraint-propagation technique to optimize the traceability of lines through congested areas. The data structures and algorithms used allow the system to support incremental additions to the schematic without complete regeneration. A technique for evaluating the quality of schematic drawings is described and applied to the present results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quasi-phase-matched adhered ridge waveguide in LiNbO3 (2006)

Uniform periodically poled domains were demonstrated in an insulator-sandwiched structure with z-cut lithium niobate wafers for an adhered ridge waveguide. Efficient quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation was achieved in a mechanically defined ridge waveguide. Strong confinement in the waveguide produced second-harmonic-generation normalized conversion efficiency of 370%∕Wcm2 in the 1.5μm wavelength region.
Intratumoral Therapy of Cisplatin/Epinephrine Injectable Gel for Palliation in Patients With Obstructive Esophageal Cancer (2000)

Obstructing esophageal cancer produces severe dysphagia with ensuing death within 90 days. Palliation is possible with modalities like stent placement, laser, and photodynamic therapy. However, these treatments have a high rate of complications, and the overall mortality is not altered. A new alternative treatment evaluated in this study is endoscopic intratumoral injection with cisplatin/epinephrine (CDDP/epi) gel. CDDP/epi gel injections were administered weekly for 3 to 8 weeks in nine patients, median age, 72 years; mean tumor volume (+/-SEM), 41.44 (+/-22.4) cm3. Eight patients had stage IV, and one had stage III esophageal carcinoma. The mean dysphagia score (+/-SEM) was 3.5 (+/-0.17). All patients were followed up until death. Dysphagia resolved in eight patients with reduction in mean dysphagia score (+/-SEM) from 3.5 (+/-0.17) to 0.75 (+/-0.28; p = 0.005). Tumor volume was reduced by 75% in one patient and by 50% in two patients. The median survival was 4 months. The longest follow-up has been 15 months (458 days). In this pilot study, intratumoral injection of CDDP/epi gel restored swallowing in eight of nine patients and was an effective and safe outpatient treatment in patients with obstructive esophageal cancer.
Compression of multispectral and multi-view images with inverse pyramid decomposition (2011)

In this paper, a new approach for compression of multi-view and multispectral images, based on the Inverse Pyramid Decomposition (IPD), is presented. This approach is applicable to large number of spectral images or views of same object, processed as a common group. For this, their histograms are calculated and compared. The image, whose histogram is most similar with these of the remaining ones in the group, is used as a reference. The image decomposition starts with the reference image, which is processed with some kind of orthogonal transform, using limited number of transform coefficients only and after inverse transform is obtained the coarse approximation of the image. The IPD then branches out into several parts, corresponding to number of images in the group. The first approximation used in the group is that, calculated for the reference image. In result is obtained high compression and very good visual quality of the restored images.
Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Yersinia pestis by MLVA: Insights into the Worldwide Expansion of Central Asia Plague Foci (2009)

The results obtained are in full agreement with the view that the Y. pestis subsp. pestis pathogenic for humans emerged in the Central Asia region between China, Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia, only three clones of which spread out of Central Asia. The relationships among the strains in China, Central Asia and the rest of the world based on the MLVA25 assay provide an unprecedented view on the expansion and microevolution of Y. pestis.
Structural Role of Calcium for the Organization of the Cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum (1996)

The cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum is a multipolypeptide complex of structural and catalytic subunits. Several of the catalytic subunits have at the carboxyl end a conserved duplicated region (CDR) which interacts with internally repeated elements (IREs) of scaffolding subunits such as CipA. This interaction requires calcium. The two parts of the CDR region here designated CDR1 and CDR2 (closest to the carboxyl end) each consist of about 20 amino acids residues. As shown in our previous paper [Choi, S.K., & Ljungdahl, L.G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 4897-4905], treatment of the cellulosome with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) under aerobic conditions disintegrates the cellulosome with formation of truncated catalytic subunits. The cleavage is at a specific asparagine residue located within CDR1 and occurs with complete loss of CDR2. Two branched peptides containing the amino acid sequences of CDR1 and CDR2 (designated bCDR1 and bCDR2) were synthesized, and specific antibodies were raised against them. These antibodies did not cross react with bCDR1 or bCDR2, respectively. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting, it was observed that about 15 subunits of the cellulosome reacted with anti-bCDR1 and anti-bCDR2. In a similar experiment with EDTA-treated cellulosomes, these subunits reacted with anti-bCDR1 but not with anti-bCDR2, showing that they lost the bCDR2 epitope and were truncated. The peptide bCDR1 binds calcium, whereas bCDR2 does not. Furthermore, bCDR1 but not bCDR2 binds to CipA, presumably at IRE regions. This binding requires calcium. A model is proposed for the binding of the catalytic subunits to CipA which involves CDR1, an IRE, and calcium.
The neuronal cell-surface molecule mitogenic for Schwann cells is a heparin-binding protein. (1988)

The cell surface of embryonic peripheral neurons provides a mitogenic stimulus for Schwann cells. We report (i) the solubilization of this mitogenic activity from rat dorsal root ganglion neurons grown in tissue culture and (ii) the solubilization and partial purification of mitogenic activity from neonatal rat brains. Extracted mitogenic activity is peripheral rather than intrinsic to the membrane, stable after extraction, and active as a mitogen in the absence of serum (the most stringent criterion defining the neuronal mitogen). We have previously provided evidence suggesting that a neuronal cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is required for expression of the neurons' mitogenic activity. We now show that mitogenic activity can be extracted from the membrane dissociated from proteoglycan as assayed by its ability to bind to immobilized heparin. After dissociation, low concentrations of heparin (1 micrograms/ml) inhibit the ability of the mitogen to stimulate Schwann cell division. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is weakly mitogenic for Schwann cells, but it is not present in mitogenic brain extracts (based on immunoblotting). Immunodepletion experiments with specific antibodies to FGF indicate that the mitogenic activity extracted from neurons is not a form of this heparin-binding mitogen. Acidic FGF is not mitogenic for Schwann cells and is not present in mitogenic brain extracts. We suggest that these and previous data indicate the neurite mitogen is a proteoglycan-growth factor complex that limits mitogenic activity to the axonal surface, protects mitogen against inactivation by other proteoglycans, and provides for effective presentation of mitogen to the Schwann cell.
Intra-body communications for nervous system applications: Current technologies and future directions (2023)

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) paradigm will enable next generation healthcare by enhancing human abilities, supporting continuous body monitoring and restoring lost physiological functions due to serious impairments. This paper presents intra-body communication solutions that interconnect implantable devices for application to the nervous system, challenging the specific features of the complex intra-body scenario. The presented approaches include both speculative and implementative methods, ranging from neural signal transmission to testbeds, to be applied to specific neural diseases therapies. Also future directions in this research area are considered to overcome the existing technical challenges mainly associated with miniaturization, power supply, and multi-scale communications.
Potential therapeutic implications of new insights into respiratory syncytial virus disease (2002)

Viral bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age, and 70% of all cases of bronchiolitis are caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Early RSV infection is associated with respiratory problems such as asthma and wheezing later in life. RSV infection is usually spread by contaminated secretions and infects the upper then lower respiratory tracts. Infected cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8. These activate other cells and recruit inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes, into the airway wall and surrounding tissues. The pattern of cytokine production by T lymphocytes can be biased toward 'T-helper-1' or 'T-helper-2' cytokines, depending on the local immunologic environment, infection history, and host genetics. T-helper-1 responses are generally efficient in antiviral defense, but young infants have an inherent bias toward T-helper-2 responses. The ideal intervention for RSV infection would be preventive, but the options are currently limited. Vaccines based on protein subunits, live attenuated strains of RSV, DNA vaccines, and synthetic peptides are being developed; passive antibody therapy is at present impractical in otherwise healthy children. Effective vaccines for use in neonates continue to be elusive but simply delaying infection beyond the first 6 months of life might reduce the delayed morbidity associated with infantile disease.
A Real-Field Multiscale Black-Oil Reservoir Simulator (2016)

Summary Simulation technology is constantly evolving to take advantage of the best-available computational algorithms and computing hardware. A new technology is being jointly developed by an integrated energy company and a service company to provide a step change to reservoir-simulator performance. Multiscale methods have been rapidly developed during the past few years. Multiscale technology promises to improve simulation run time by an order of magnitude compared with current simulator performance in traditional reservoir-engineering work flows. Following that trend, the two companies have been working in collaboration on a multiscale algorithm that significantly increases performance of reservoir simulators. In this paper, we report the development of multiscale black-oil reservoir-simulation technology in a reservoir simulator used by the industry, as well as the performance and accuracy of the results obtained by use of this implementation. The multiscale method has proved to be accurate and reliable for large real-data models, and the new solver is capable of solving very-large models an order of magnitude faster than the current commercial version of the solver.
Subconjunctival Emphysema After Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) (2008)

DSAEK has recently evolved as a preferred method in place of PKP. After DSAEK, we experienced subconjunctival emphysema, decreased air bubble in the AC and low IOP. This could lead to complications, higher rate of dislocation or infection. We should control the wound closure with suture when in doubt.
DETECTION OF A NEGATIVE BIOMARKER FOR AMEBIASIS (ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA) IN THE HUMAN GUT MYCOBIOME (2020)

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica parasite is among the worst gut diseases worldwide. The study involved detection of gut mycobiome signature of the infected subjects in a trial to improve ability to diagnose and treat this disease. The results indicated that diversity of samples slightly changed due to infection. Dendrogram indicated that the most common phyla in the human gut are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. Species Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae of phylum Ascomycota and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa of phylum Basidiomycota were found highly OTU abundant. Weighted unifrac diversity distances resulted in complete separation of the two groups. Differential abundance analysis indicated that four phyla, six families, nine genera and ten species showed considerable changes in gut mycobiome signatures within and among groups. Unclassified species of genus Malassezia (phylum Basidiomycota) showed high abundance in infected subjects as compared to healthy subjects, while families Saccharomycetaceae and Trichocomaceae, genus Saccharomyces and species S. cerevisiae showed opposite results. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSE) indicated that family Saccharomycetaceae, of which S. cerevisiae is a downstream taxon, can be a negative biomarker for amebiasis. In conclusion, the study provides new insights into possible use of Saccharomyces as a probiotic against amebiasis.