gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Cu–In–Ga–S quantum dots with a narrow emission peak for red electroluminescence (2023)

Narrowing the emission peak width and adjusting the peak position play a key role in the chromaticity and color accuracy of display devices with the use of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). In this study, we developed multinary Cu-In-Ga-S (CIGS) QDs showing a narrow photoluminescence (PL) peak by controlling the Cu fraction, i.e., Cu/(In+Ga), and the ratio of In to Ga composing the QDs. The energy gap of CIGS QDs was enlarged from 1.74 to 2.77 eV with a decrease in the In/(In+Ga) ratio from 1.0 to 0. The PL intensity was remarkably dependent on the Cu fraction, and the PL peak width was dependent on the In/(In+Ga) ratio. The sharpest PL peak at 668 nm with a full width at half maximum (fwhm) of 0.23 eV was obtained for CIGS QDs prepared with ratios of Cu/(In+Ga) = 0.3 and In/(In+Ga) = 0.7, being much narrower than those previously reported with CIGS QDs, fwhm of >0.4 eV. The PL quantum yield of CIGS QDs, 8.3%, was increased to 27% and 46% without a PL peak broadening by surface coating with GaSx and Ga-Zn-S shells, respectively. Considering a large Stokes shift of >0.5 eV and the predominant PL decay component of ∼200-400 ns, the narrow PL peak was assignable to the emission from intragap states. QD-LEDs fabricated with CIGS QDs surface-coated with GaSx shells showed a red color with a narrow emission peak at 688 nm with a fwhm of 0.24 eV.
Cost-performance analysis of FPGA, VLSI and WSI implementations of a RAM-based neural network (2002)

The paper analyses the hardware implementation of a probabilistic RAM based neural network architecture, named HyperNet in terms of system training speed, size, and component cost. All the systems presented include on-board reinforcement training logic and the necessary control and interface circuitry. Circuit area, gate count, and speed figures are extrapolated from a 10,240 neuron custom VLSI based system constructed at the University of Hertfordshire in 1993. Varying degrees of parallelism, and three implementation technologies are considered. A palm-sized system with a single Xilinx 4025 FPGA serial processor can deliver approximately 800 times the performance of a Sun SPARCstation 10 at a cost of less than #1000. A double Eurocard sized custom VLSI based fully parallel system costs of the order of #10K and offers over five orders of magnitude training speed improvement over a Sun SPARCstation 10.
Computer-aided detection for screening mammography (1999)

Computer-aided detection of breast cancer in screening mammography is just now becoming a clinically useful tool for radiologist. Systems are being implemented to act as second readers of mammograms. These systems automatically detect suspicious regions in digitized films, or directly acquired digital images, then prompt the radiologists to examine the identified regions more carefully. The purpose of using a computerized system as a second reader is to reduce the chances of overlooking visible signs of malignancies and hence improve the breast cancer detection rates in screening programs. This paper present an overview of a mammogram image analysis system developed at Intelligent Systems, M.D., Inc. for identifying all primary signal of cancer in mammogram images. The system has been tested on a set of 88 mammography cases of four views each. The cases contain a total of 96 malignant abnormalities. They system currently achieves 91 percent sensitivity at an average of just over one false prompt per image. Ongoing system refinement and updates are expected to further improve performance.
Effect of annealing on magnetic properties in ferrimagnetic GdCo alloy films with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2018)

Magnetic properties in ferrimagnetic GdCo alloy films with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are investigated as a function of annealing temperature (Tanneal) and annealing time for several capping layers. Magnetic properties in films capped by TaOx vary markedly with Tanneal; the saturation magnetization and coercivity vary progressively with increasing Tanneal up to 300°C, and above that temperature, PMA is lost abruptly. By comparing the annealing temperature dependence for Co-dominated and Gd-dominated compositions close to the magnetization compensation point, the data are readily explained by preferential oxidation of Gd during annealing. When films are capped by a Ta/Pt bilayer, the film properties are stable up Tanneal = 300 °C, indicating that oxidation at high temperatures is effectively blocked, but the abrupt loss of PMA for Tanneal &amp;gt; 300 °C is still observed. X-ray diffraction measurement reveals that the amorphous structure of the films remains the same after high-temperature annealing that is sufficient to remove PMA, indicating that crystallization from the amorphous phase is not responsible for the lack of PMA. Instead, our results suggest that high annealing temperatures may cause segregation of Co and Gd atoms in the films, which reduces anisotropic pair-pair correlations responsible for the observed bulk PMA in the as-grown state.
Quantum sensors for biomedical applications (2023)

Quantum sensors are finding their way from laboratories to the real world, as witnessed by the increasing number of start-ups in this field. The atomic length scale of quantum sensors and their coherence properties enable unprecedented spatial resolution and sensitivity. Biomedical applications could benefit from these quantum technologies, but it is often difficult to evaluate the potential impact of the techniques. This Review sheds light on these questions, presenting the status of quantum sensing applications and discussing their path towards commercialization. The focus is on two promising quantum sensing platforms: optically pumped atomic magnetometers, and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. The broad spectrum of biomedical applications is highlighted by four case studies ranging from brain imaging to single-cell spectroscopy.
Beam tuning with continuously variable aperture (2003)

In order to obtain more productivity on the high energy ion implanter, chained implantations are used. The chained implantations man a combination of recipes with the same species but different energies and doses in one batch. Wafers are implanted with a series of these recipes in the same batch. In this case it is very important and effective to reduce beam tuning time. On the NV-GSD-HE and NV-GSD-HE3, the ion energy can be quickly changed only by loading the different linac parameters, but the beam current usually can not be tuned quickly or easily. The Continuously Variable Aperture (CVA) has been developed and mounted between the injector and the linac in order to change the beam current quickly only by adjusting the width of aperture and partially cutting the injection beam to the linac mechanically. With the CVA, ail the recipes in the chained implantations must have the same Injector beam current. For such chained recipes, the automatic beam setup program can skip the injector tuning and tunes only the width of the CVA to get the ordered current. As a result of the evaluation test, the CVA tuning takes about 30 seconds in average and a total recipe change time is less than one minute. The CVA shows much improvement on the productivity on the retrograde well formation process.
Monocyte-directed targeting of VEGFA in the melanoma microenvironment (2022)

Abstract VEGFA plays a critical role in the immunosuppressive cancer response and related immunotherapy resistance. Combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as those against CTLA-4 and PD-L1, anti-VEGFA agents have demonstrated early clinical success in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinomas. To overcome toxicity limitations, thereby opening a wider therapeutic window, VEGFA should be targeted near its production source. Recently, localized co-targeting of TGFβ, an immunosuppressive factor, near CD4+ T cells through bispecific “trap” antibodies have demonstrated robust pre-clinical success. Thus, we assert the superiority of a bispecific antibody guiding a “trap” for VEGFA to its cellular source over global anti-VEGFA agents combined with ICIs. We set out to identify the cell population responsible for secreting VEGFA in the melanoma microenvironment. Upon re-analysis of two existing, independent single cell RNA Sequencing datasets of patient-derived melanoma treated with ICIs, we identified myeloid populations as the main producers of VEGFA. We specifically found a classical monocyte population (CD14+ FCN1+ S100A8+) to express high levels of VEGFA. Of note, we discovered significantly higher VEGFA expression in monocytes from non-responders versus responders to ICIs. VEGFA-expressing monocytes are localized to the intratumoral environment, as our analysis of PBMC-derived monocytes lacked high VEGFA expression in comparison to those that were tumor-derived. Based on our findings, we propose the design of a bispecific antibody that simultaneously targets VEGFA and CD14 to leverage the synergistic pro-immune effects and toxicity diminishment that result from localized inhibition. Supported by the NIH (R01 CA236910) and Melanoma Research Alliance Young Investigator Award to Willy Hugo.
Antiemetic Efficacy of Two Different Single Intravenous Doses of Dolasetron in Patients Receiving High-Dose Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy (1996)

This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study compared the antiemetic effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of two different intravenous (i.v.) doses of dolasetron mesylate (0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg) in cancer patients receiving their first course of high-dose cisplatin-containing chemotherapy (> or = 75 mg/m2). Efficacy was assessed by recording the timing, number, and severity of emetic episodes in the 24 h following high-dose cisplatin. Safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events, vital signs, clinical laboratory parameters, and electrocardiograms. Of the 62 patients enrolled in the study, 29 received 0.6 mg/kg of dolasetron mesylate and 33 received 1.8 mg/kg. Patients who received dolasetron mesylate 1.8 mg/kg consistently experienced a greater degree of antiemetic control than those who received 0.6 mg/kg. Complete responses were achieved by 55% of patients who received 1.8 mg/kg compared with 31% for the 0.6-mg/kg group. The 1.8-mg/kg group achieved a significantly (p = 0.039) higher complete/ major response rate than the 0.6-mg/kg group (77% vs 55%, respectively) and a significantly (p = 0.004) longer time to the first emetic episode (> 24 h vs 13.5 h, respectively). More than 80% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with dolasetron treatment. The most common adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity, consistent with other studies, and included headache (24.1% of patients) and diarrhea (4.8%). These results demonstrated that a single 1.8-mg/kg i.v. dose of dolasetron mesylate provided effective antiemetic activity in a majority of patients given high-dose cisplatin for the first time and should be evaluated further in clinical trials.
Lithiation of .alpha.-nitrosaminoalkyl ethers. Synthetic equivalents of .alpha.-primary amino carbanions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithiation of .alpha.-nitrosaminoalkyl ethers. Synthetic equivalents of .alpha.-primary amino carbanionsJoseph E. SaavedraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 14, 2388–2392Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00162a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00162a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of camel milk on glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-diabetic rats (2011)

Camel milk is different from other ruminant milk; having low cholesterol; low sugar; high minerals especially zinc; high vitamin C; low protein and large concentrations of insulin. In Saudi Arabia, camel milk is traditionally used for many medical approaches. In the long-term effect of camel milk in type 2 diabetic rats on antihyperglycaemic, antioxidants, antihyperlipidaemic, and membrane bound ATPases was investigated, and its effect was shown in our previous study. The levels of glycoproteins were altered in experimental diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats exhibited signifcantly (P<0.05) increased levels of plasma glucose and decreased levels of plasma insulin. Also, signifcantly (P<0.05) increased levels of glycoproteins (hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid) were observed in serum, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats. Rats were treated with camel milk (250 ml/day) for a period of 45 days. Diabetic rats treated with camel milk showed signifcantly (P<0.05) decreased levels of glucose and glycoproteins and increased levels of insulin after 45 days. A similar effect was observed in diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (600 µg/kg body weight). Normal rats treated with camel milk (250 ml/day) did not show any signifcant (P<0.05) effect on glucose, insulin and glycoproteins. The results of our study showed that camel milk has the potential to reduce glucose and glycoproteins levels and increase insulin levels in STZ-induced experimental diabetes mellitus in rats.
A solid state source of photon triplets based on quantum dot molecules (2017)

Producing advanced quantum states of light is a priority in quantum information technologies. In this context, experimental realizations of multipartite photon states would enable improved tests of the foundations of quantum mechanics as well as implementations of complex quantum optical networks and protocols. It is favourable to directly generate these states using solid state systems, for simpler handling and the promise of reversible transfer of quantum information between stationary and flying qubits. Here we use the ground states of two optically active coupled quantum dots to directly produce photon triplets. The formation of a triexciton in these ground states leads to a triple cascade recombination and sequential emission of three photons with strong correlations. We record 65.62 photon triplets per minute under continuous-wave pumping, surpassing rates of earlier reported sources. Our structure and data pave the way towards implementing multipartite photon entanglement and multi-qubit readout schemes in solid state devices.
Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03611582.
ALD for Light Absorption (2017)

Independent of photovoltaic (PV) technology, the first step in the intricate process of converting solar energy to direct current electricity is the absorption of photons. The intrinsic uniformity of both thickness and composition renders Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) coatings exceptionally strong candidates for PV absorbers. Unlike many physical deposition methods, ALD utilizes gas-phase precursors that may rapidly diffuse to all points on all substrates. Extremely thin absorber (ETA) cell is one name given to those devices that utilize the orthogonalization of light and charge collection to the greatest extent. Control over stoichiometry is paramount to the properties of semiconductors, including solar absorbers. The sequential and self-limiting gas-phase reactions that characterize ALD are now known for a plethora of materials that span the periodic table, from lithium to bismuth. Very few oxide absorbers, whether grown by ALD or other methods, have been utilized in PV with efficiency greater than 1%.
Improving Web Security Using Trusted Hardware (2017)

Web servers that utilize password-based authentication have become large centralized password repositories. Consequently, these servers have also become attractive targets for cyber criminals. When the adversary compromises a web server, he usually obtains access to a database file that contains stored passwords and salts. By using pre-computed hash tables (e.g. rainbow tables), the adversary can perform offline password guessing in a relatively short period of time. Thus, securing password databases on web servers is a significant open challenge. We introduce SafeKeeper, a system that is designed to address the challenge of protecting user passwords and other types of sensitive data on the web. This system consists of a hardware-backed password protection service, which applies a keyed one-way cryptographic function to the password. The secret key is protected by a Trusted Execution Environment. SafeKeeper also includes a browser extension that uses remote attestation allow users to verify if their credentials are protected by a web server. We have implemented a prototype of SafeKeeper using Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) and integrated it into the WordPress platform. We have also implemented a browser extension for Google Chrome. Our solution does not require utilizing additional servers and introduces less than 2% performance overhead. Our user study with 64 participants demonstrated that users using the SafeKeeper browser extension can correctly identify 87% of websites in the presence of active phishing.
Formation and Movement of14C-Atrazine Degradation Products in a Clay Loam Soil in the Field (1994)

Formation of 14 C-atrazine degradation products and their distribution in the top 90 cm of soil was determined over 16 mo in a Webster clay loam in the field. After 16 mo, 64% of the applied 14 C could still be accounted for in the 90-cm soil profile. At 1 mo after treatment (MAT), 14 C moved to the 70- to 80-cm depth. Rapid movement of radioactivity could be attributed in part to preferential movement through vertical macropores. Atrazine accounted for 32% of the 14 C applied 16 MAT and was the predominant 14 C-compound in soil below 10 cm through 12 MAT. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil accounting for 9% of the 14 C present 1 MAT and increasing to 24% within 6 MAT. Deethylatrazine (BEA) was the predominant degradation product at depths greater than 10 cm, accounting for 26% of the 14 C in the 10- to 20-cm depth 16 MAT. Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 10% of the 14 C recovered at any soil depth. Deethyldeisopropylatrazine (DEDIA) and an unidentified product were detected in soil extracts 1 MAT indicating further degradation past primary metabolites. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased as soil depth increased indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. The large amount of radioactivity remaining in the soil 16 MAT suggests that a large pool of atrazine and its degradation products are present in the soil for a long period of time, having the potential to move deeper in the soil and ultimately contaminate ground water.
A comparison of SNR estimation techniques for the AWGN channel (2000)

The performances of several signal-to noise ratio (SNR) estimation techniques reported in the literature are compared to identify the "best" estimator. The SNR estimators are investigated by the computer simulation of baseband binary phase-shift keying (PSK) signals in real additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and baseband 8-PSK signals in complex AWGN. The mean square error is used as a measure of performance. In addition to comparing the relative performances, the absolute levels of performance are also established; the simulated performances are compared to a published Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for real AWGN and a CRB for complex AWGN that is derived here. Some known estimator structures are modified to perform better on the channel of interest. Estimator structures for both real and complex channels are examined.
Coherency and Thermal Evolution of Metastable and Stable P Phase Precipitates in Aluminum Alloy AA5456 (2018)

The 5xxx series of aluminum alloys, with the primary alloying element magnesium, are attractive candidates to replace structural steels due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good weldability, and good corrosion resistance. At contents of greater than 3 wt. % Mg, these alloys are susceptible to sensitization, which here refers to the growth of grain boundary precipitates (composition Al3Mg2) after aging at moderate temperatures, from roughly 50-300C. As is anodic to the matrix, sensitized material is susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) Many studies have demonstrated the negative bulk mechanical and corrosion effects of sensitization, and more recent efforts have sought to understand how and where precipitates though use of electron microscopy.
Formation of L1 with (001) texture in magnetically annealed Co/Pt multilayers (2011)

The effect of magnetic annealing on the texture is investigated in a series of CoPt films of different thickness obtained by annealing of Co/Pt multilayers. Magnetic field is found to promote the (001) texture by selective (001) grain growth driven by the magnetic field and biaxial strain. A systematic correlation between in-plane biaxial strain and the degree of (001) texture is found only for the magnetically annealed samples.
SVM PMSM Drives with Low Resolution Hall-Effect Sensors (2006)

In this paper a back-EMF-based method is used in conjunction with three very low-cost integrated circuits based on the Hall-effect to estimate the rotor position of the direct-drive PMSMs to be used for traction purpose of an electric wheelchair. A speed estimator based on rotor frame machine model (SERF) has been implemented for the PMSM drives, and then the rotor position estimation is achieved by means of a discrete integration of the estimated speed. The three Hall effect sensors are used to detect the rotor initial position as well to reset the error on the rotor position estimation every 60 electrical degrees. In the specific application, SVM technique has been implemented together with the field oriented control. Simulations and experimental results are shown in the paper
Automatic Processing of Brazilian Bank Checks (2002)

This paper focuses on determining the value of the check, which is the first step needed for automatic processing. The multi–staged approach proposed in this paper deals with four aspects: the detections of the numerical amount field on the check; the segmentation of the string into a set of characters; the recognition of isolated characters; and the syntactic verification of each output. All modules have been tunned to recognize Brazilian checks. Through the use of feedback mechanism between recognition and segmentation, the adoption of a new normalization approach, the use of several neural networks in parallel, and the incorporation of syntactic verification methods, our research team has been able to significantly enhance the overall accuracy levels.