gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multisite bio-stimulating implants magnetoelectrically powered and individually programmed by a single transmitter (2021)

Summary form only given. Implantable bioelectronics for electrically modulating activities of specific cells have shown great success and exciting potential in treating a wide range of diseases. Some of the most representative therapies are cardiac pacemakers and neuromodulators for motor function restoration, pain relief and neural disorder treatment. While several wireless miniaturized bio-stimulators have been demonstrated, most of them lack the capability of coordinated multisite stimulation, which is shown to be more effective in many scenarios. Equipping an implant with electrode/LED arrays is a straightforward approach to add extra stimulation channels, but the deployment flexibility of stimulating spots is limited due to leads. shows a wired retinal stimulator array to scale up the driving capability and ensure synchronization, but the heavy use of leads severely limits its applications. A two-site heart pacing system is proposed with two independently powered and controlled implants for flexible leadless deployment. Because the implants are inductively powered by two transmitters (TXs) with frequency multiplexing, they face stricter EM exposure constrains for power transmission, more challenging device synchronization, and limited scalability to more implants. To circumvent these problems, this paper presents a hardware platform for coordinated and miniaturized multisite stimulating implants, wirelessly powered and controlled by a single TX. Magnetoelectric (ME) wireless power transfer with high power and efficiency, low body absorption, and less sensitivity to misalignment, is co-designed with a robust SoC to enable reliable operation and individual programmability of the implants. The presented system features: (1) robust operation with 2V source amplitude variations, covering up to 40mm distance between TX and implants; (2) individual addressability and programmability of each implant, leveraging PUF IDs; (3) >90% chip efficiency for 1.5-to-3.5V stimulation with fully programmable parameters; (4) no extra TX output power required for additional implants; (5) miniaturized implants with 6.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> volume and 30mg mass.
Interventional Imaging for Structural Heart Disease: Challenges and New Frontiers of an Emerging Multi-disciplinary Field (2019)

Structural heart disease (SHD) is an innovative field driven forward by the success of novel transcatheter device technologies. Much of the rapid progress and expansion of this field can be attributed to patient selection and to the collaborative case planning by the multi-disciplinary Heart Team comprised of Interventional Cardiologists, Cardiac Surgeons, SHD Interventional Imaging Cardiologists, Cardiac Anesthesiologists, Cardiac Radiologists, and Advanced Practice Providers.
Sialoglycoproteins and sialic acids ofPlasmodium knowlesischizont-infected erythrocytes and normal rhesus monkey erythrocytes (1986)

The effects of malaria infection on RBC sialic acids and sialoglycoproteins were studied with asexual blood-stage infections of Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys. Glycoprotein radio-isotope labelling methods were used to compare the sialoglycoproteins of normal RBC and P. knowlesi schizont-infected RBC (SI-RBC). Tritiation of glycoproteins from SI-RBC with the standard sialidase + galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 method or standard periodate/NaB3H4 method was significantly decreased when compared to normal RBC. However, tritium uptake into glycoproteins was normal when SI-RBC were treated with 5-fold higher concentrations of both enzymes in the first labelling method, or with a 5-fold increase in the molar ratio of periodate to sialic acid in the second method. The mobility of tritiated host cell glycoproteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gels was identical for SI-RBC and normal RBC. New bands, possibly glycoproteins, of 230, 160, 90, 52, and 30 kDa were detected after labelling SI-RBC by the modified periodate/NaB3H4 method. Sialic acid analysis of normal rhesus monkey RBC (62 micrograms/10(10) RBC) revealed that 46% of the total sialic acid was N-glycolylneuraminic acid, 33% was N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, and the remainder N-acetylneuraminic acid. SI-RBC collected either directly from infected monkeys or after in vitro culture of ring-infected RBC in horse serum, had increased total sialic acid (126 or 115 micrograms/10(10) RBC, respectively). The sialic acid content of infected RBC must increase during parasite development since RBC infected with ring-stage P. knowlesi had the same content as normal RBC. There was no significant difference in the ratio of the three sialic acids of SI-RBC and normal RBC. In contrast, the uninfected RBC from infected blood of different monkeys showed marked variation in sialic acid composition and generally had a lower sialic acid content than normal RBC.
Effects of Fermentation Products of Pro- and Prebiotics on Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance in an In Vitro Model of the Colon (2005)

Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies suggests that the consumption of pro- and prebiotics may inhibit colon carcinogenesis; however, the mechanisms involved have, thus far, proved elusive. There are some indications from animal studies that the effects are being exerted during the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. One feature of the promotion stage of colorectal cancer is the disruption of tight junctions, leading to a loss of integrity across the intestinal barrier. We have used the Caco-2 human adenocarcinoma cell line as a model for the intestinal epithelia. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurements indicate Caco-2 monolayer integrity, and we recorded changes to this integrity following exposure to the fermentation products of selected probiotics and prebiotics, in the form of nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). Our results indicate that NDOs themselves exert varying, but generally minor, effects upon the strength of the tight junctions, whereas the fermentation products of probiotics and NDOs tend to raise tight junction integrity above that of the controls. This effect was bacterial species and oligosaccharide specific. Bifidobacterium Bb 12 was particularly effective, as were the fermentation products of Raftiline and Raftilose. We further investigated the ability of Raftilose fermentations to protect against the negative effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) upon tight junction integrity. We found protection to be species dependent and dependent upon the presence of the fermentation products in the media at the same time as or after exposure to the DCA. Results suggest that the Raftilose fermentation products may prevent disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier function during damage by tumor promoters.
Near-infrared digital heating solutions with power VCSEL arrays (2014)

Thermal processes play an essential role in the production and processing of countless industrial and consumer products. Narrow bandwidth near infrared (NIR) light allows contactless transfer of energy with a high power per area that can be tailored to the needs of the application. With arrays of VCSELs (Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Laser diodes), NIR emitters can be realized that provide heat where and when it is needed, with a high power conversion efficiency. A scalable system comprises emitters as well as electronic drivers and software, allowing spatial- and time resolved heating profiles of almost arbitrary dimensions. Application tests have shown that for fast firing of solar cells such compact systems can replace bulky belt ovens and achieve benchmark cell efficiencies with unprecedented heating rates of >1000 K/s.
Cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor is inhibited by amiloride derivatives without involvement of the Na+/H+ antiporter (1990)

Cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on L929s cells was efficiently blocked by several amiloride analogs but not by amiloride itself. This protection did not require RNA or protein synthesis. Na+/H+ antiporter-negative L-M(TK-) cells (LAP) could be killed by TNF, showing that the Na+/H+ exchanger is not required for TNF-cytotoxicity. Similar protection against TNF-mediated cell lysis by amiloride derivatives was found for LAP and L929s cells, excluding a blockade of the Na+/H+ antiporter as the cause of the protection against TNF by these agents.
Empirical methods for two-echelon inventory management with service level constraints based on simulation-regression (2010)

We present a simulation-regression based method for obtaining inventory policies for a two-echelon distribution system with service level constraints. Our motivation comes from a wholesale distributor in the consumer products industry with thousands of products that have different cost, demand, and lead time characteristics. We need to obtain good inventory policies quickly so that supply chain managers can run and analyze multiple scenarios effectively in reasonable amount of time. While simulation-based optimization approaches can be used, the time required to solve the inventory problem for a large number of products is prohibitive. On the other hand, available quick approximations are not guaranteed to provide satisfactory solutions. Our approach involves sampling the universe of products with different problem parameters, obtaining their optimal inventory policies via simulation-based optimization and then using regression methods to characterize the inventory policy for similar products. We show that our method obtains near-optimal policies and is quite robust.
Locality vs. criticality (2001)

Current memory hierarchies exploit locality of references to reduce load latency and thereby improve processor performance. Locality based schemes aim at reducing the number of cache misses and tend to ignore the nature of misses. This leads to a potential mis-match between load latency requirements and latencies realized using a traditional memory system. To bridge this gap, we partition loads as critical and non-critical. A load that needs to complete early to prevent processor stalls is classified as critical, while a load that can tolerate a long latency is considered non-critical.
An Implementation of 3D Registration of Objects for AR Application Using HMD (2019)

For complex assembly, good assembly instruction makes assembling operations and trainings more effective and efficient. Instead of reading instruction manuals, it is a potential way for improving assembling operations using augmented reality technology. For example, CAD models can be displayed at the installing location to guide operators through fixed display or HMD (Head-Mounted Display). To achieve it, we first need the transformation relationship between the real and virtual world. In this research, a scheme is proposed to evaluate the transformation relationship only using HMD of Microsoft HoloLens for mixed reality with an embedded depth camera. Without using AR markers or other devices, the transformation relationship can be constructed by aligning the CAD model of a reference object to the corresponding physical object and calculating the transformation matrix. The alignment consists of two steps: rough alignment and precise alignment. Rough alignment is executed to roughly map the CAD model to the position of the real object by user’s hand manipulation, a function of image-based hand identification to control the posture of the CAD model. Afterwards, precise alignment is conducted to minimize the difference of the position and the orientation by point-to-plane ICP. Dense point cloud, digital information of the physical object, is accessed from the depth camera in HoloLens to do point-to-plane ICP with the CAD model. With this preliminary development, this scheme would be potential for not only assembly instruction but also assembly inspection to give instructions for the correction when the misassembly occurs.
SREBP-2 promotes stem cell-like properties and metastasis by transcriptional activation of c-Myc in prostate cancer (2016)

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) transcription factor mainly controls cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis in normal cells. The role of SREBP-2 in lethal prostate cancer (PCa) progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that expression of SREBP-2 was elevated in advanced pathologic grade and metastatic PCa and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Biofunctional analyses demonstrated that SREBP-2 induced PCa cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, overexpression of SREBP-2 increased the PCa stem cell population, prostasphere-forming ability and tumor-initiating capability, whereas genetic silencing of SREBP-2 inhibited PCa cell growth, stemness, and xenograft tumor growth and metastasis. Clinical and mechanistic data showed that SREBP-2 was positively correlated with c-Myc and induced c-Myc activation by directly interacting with an SREBP-2-binding element in the 5'-flanking c-Myc promoter region to drive stemness and metastasis. Collectively, these clinical and experimental results reveal a novel role of SREBP-2 in the induction of a stem cell-like phenotype and PCa metastasis, which sheds light on translational potential by targeting SREBP-2 as a promising therapeutic approach in PCa.
APP dimer formation is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum and differs between APP isoforms (2011)

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is part of a larger gene family, which has been found to form homo- or heterotypic complexes with its homologues, whereby the exact molecular mechanism and origin of dimer formation remains elusive. In order to assess the cellular location of dimerization, we have generated a cell culture model system in CHO-K1 cells, stably expressing human APP, harboring dilysine-based organelle sorting motifs [KKAA-endoplasmic reticulum (ER); KKFF-Golgi], accomplishing retention within early secretory compartments. We show that APP exists as disulfide-bonded dimers upon ER retention after it was isolated from cells, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions. In contrast, strong denaturing and reducing conditions, or deletion of the E1 domain, resulted in the disappearance of those dimers. Thus we provide first evidence that a fraction of APP can associate via intermolecular disulfide bonds, likely generated between cysteines located in the extracellular E1 domain. We particularly visualize APP dimerization itself and identified the ER as subcellular compartment of its origin using biochemical or split GFP approaches. Interestingly, we also found that minor amounts of SDS-resistant APP dimers were located to the cell surface, revealing that once generated in the oxidative environment of the ER, dimers remained stably associated during transport. In addition, we show that APP isoforms encompassing the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (KPI) domain exhibit a strongly reduced ability to form cis-directed dimers in the ER, whereas trans-mediated cell aggregation of Drosophila Schneider S2-cells was isoform independent. Thus, suggesting that steric properties of KPI-APP might be the cause for weaker cis-interaction in the ER, compared to APP695. Finally, we provide evidence that APP/APLP1 heterointeractions are likewise initiated in the ER.
THE DIFFICULT PROXIMAL CORONARY ANASTOMOSIS. (1979)

Two patients are presented in whom severe calcific aortitis made performance of satisfactory proximal coronary anastomosis impossible. Endarterectomy of the ascending aorta after aortic valve replacement, combined with aortocoronary bypass prior to performance of the proximal anastomoses, was successfully employed in one patient. The second patient underwent resection of an anterior segment of aorta, which was replaced by a woven Dacron patch into which the vein grafts were sewn.
A data-derived reference signal technique for adaptive arrays (1989)

A new technique is presented for reference signal generation in adaptive arrays, and it is shown how it can be used in a binary FSK communication system. This method consists of encoding the message bit stream at the transmitter to convert it to a first-order Markov source with a transition probability of p>1/2. Then, in the receiver, each detected bit is used to predict the next bit, and the predicted bits are used to generate a reference signal. The performance of an FSK system based on this concept is analyzed, and an experimental system is described. This experimental system demonstrated that the reference signal generation concept is feasible and showed that this technique could be used to protect an FSK communication system from a CW interference signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Common, intermediate and well‐documented HLA alleles in world populations: CIWD version 3.0.0 (2020)

A catalog of common, intermediate and well-documented (CIWD) HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DQB1 and -DPB1 alleles has been compiled from over 8 million individuals using data from 20 unrelated hematopoietic stem cell volunteer donor registries. Individuals are divided into seven geographic/ancestral/ethnic groups and data are summarized for each group and for the total population. P (two-field) and G group assignments are divided into one of four frequency categories: common (≥1 in 10 000), intermediate (≥1 in 100 000), well-documented (≥5 occurrences) or not-CIWD. Overall 26% of alleles in IPD-IMGT/HLA version 3.31.0 at P group resolution fall into the three CIWD categories. The two-field catalog includes 18% (n = 545) common, 17% (n = 513) intermediate, and 65% (n = 1997) well-documented alleles. Full-field allele frequency data are provided but are limited in value by the variations in resolution used by the registries. A recommended CIWD list is based on the most frequent category in the total or any of the seven geographic/ancestral/ethnic groups. Data are also provided so users can compile a catalog specific to the population groups that they serve. Comparisons are made to three previous CWD reports representing more limited population groups. This catalog, CIWD version 3.0.0, is a step closer to the collection of global HLA frequencies and to a clearer view of HLA diversity in the human population as a whole.
Regulation of thepspAVirulence Factor and EssentialpcsBMurein Biosynthetic Genes by the Phosphorylated VicR (YycF) Response Regulator inStreptococcus pneumoniae (2005)

The VicRK (YycFG) two-component regulatory system (TCS) is required for virulence of the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). The VicR (YycF) response regulator (RR) is essential through its positive regulation of pcsB, which encodes an extracellular protein that mediates murein biosynthesis. To determine other genes that are regulated by VicR, we performed microarray analyses on a unique DeltavicR deletion mutant, which was constructed by uncoupling regulation of pcsB. Results from these microarray experiments support the idea that the VicR RR exerts strong positive regulation on the transcription of a set of genes encoding important surface proteins, including the PspA virulence factor, two proteins (Spr0096 and Spr1875) containing LysM peptidoglycan-binding domains, and a putative membrane protein (Spr0709) of unknown function. To demonstrate direct regulation, we performed band shift and footprinting experiments using purified unphosphorylated VicR and phosphorylated VicR-P, which was prepared by reaction with acetyl phosphate. VicR and VicR-P bound to regions upstream of pcsB, pspA, spr0096, spr1875, and spr0709. Phosphorylation of VicR to VicR-P increased the apparent strength and changed the nature of binding to these regions. DNase I footprinting of VicR and VicR-P bound to regions upstream of pcsB, pspA, spr0096, and spr1875 showed protection of extended regions containing a degenerate sequence related to a previously proposed consensus. These combined approaches did not support autoregulation of the vicRKX operon or substantive direct regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis by VicR or VicR-P. However, the DeltavicR mutant required fatty acids in some conditions, which supports the notion that the VicRK TCS may mediate membrane integrity as well as murein biosynthesis and virulence factor expression in S. pneumoniae.
A High-throughput Assay to Assess and Quantify Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation (2019)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are immunogenic extracellular DNA structures that can be released by neutrophils upon a wide variety of triggers. NETs have been demonstrated to serve as an important host defense mechanism that traps and kills microorganisms. On the other hand, they have been implicated in diverse systemic autoimmune diseases. NETs are immunogenic and toxic structures that contain a pool of relevant autoantigens including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Different forms of NETs can be induced depending on the stimulus. The amount of NETs can be quantified using different techniques including measuring DNA release in supernatants, measuring DNA-complexed with NET-molecules like myeloperoxidase (MPO) or neutrophil elastase (NE), measuring the presence of citrullinated histones by fluorescence microscopy, or flow cytometric detection of NET-components which all have different features regarding their specificity, sensitivity, objectivity, and quantity. Here is a protocol to quantify ex vivo NET formation in a highly-sensitive, high-throughput manner by using three-dimensional immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. This protocol can be applied to address various research questions about NET formation and degradation in health and disease.
On the use of multicompartment models of diffusion and relaxation for placental imaging (2021)

Multi-compartment models of diffusion and relaxation are ubiquitous in magnetic resonance research especially applied to neuroimaging applications. These models are increasingly making their way into the world of placental imaging. This review provides a framework for their motivation and implementation and describes some of the outstanding questions that need to be answered before they can be routinely adopted.
Emp10 encodes a mitochondrial PPR protein that affects the cis‐splicing of nad2 intron 1 and seed development in maize (2017)

In higher plants, many mitochondrial genes contain group II-type introns that are removed from RNAs by splicing to produce mature transcripts that are then translated into functional proteins. However, the factors involved in the splicing of mitochondrial introns and their biological functions are not well understood in maize. Here, we isolated an empty pericarp 10 (emp10) mutant and identified the underlying gene by map-based cloning. Emp10 encodes a P-type mitochondria-targeted pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein with 10 PPR motifs. Loss of Emp10 function results in splicing defect of the first intron of nad2, a gene encoding subunit 2 of NADH dehydrogenase (also called complex I). The emp10 mutant has undetectable activity of complex I and has arrested development of embryo and endosperm, and thus defective seeds with empty pericarp. Additionally, the basal endosperm transfer layer cells were severely affected, indicating the deficiency of cell wall ingrowths in the emp10 kernels. Moreover, the alternative respiratory pathway involving alternative oxidase was significantly induced in the emp10 mutant. These results suggest that EMP10 is specifically required for the cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad2 intron 1, embryogenesis and endosperm development in maize.