gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental studies of high-temperature corrosion reactions. Sixth annual progress report. [Cu-6% Ni] (1981)

Research was conducted on the sulfidation of pure Mo by sulfur gases at 700 to 950/sup 0/C and on the in-situ oxidation of metals and alloys in the hot-stage SEM. Results on the in-situ oxidation of Cu, Ni, Fe, and Cu-6% Ni up to 930/sup 0/C are reported in detail. 21 figures.
Guards, Bounds and Generalized Semantics (2003)

Some initial motivations for the Guarded Fragment still seem of interest in carrying its program further. First, we stress the equivalence between two perspectives: (a) satisfiability on standard models for guarded first-order formulas, and (b) satisfiability on general assignment models for arbitrary first-order formulas. In particular, we give a new straightforward reduction from the former notion to the latter. We also show how a perspective shift to general assignment models provides a new look at the fixed-point extension LFP(FO) of first-order logic, making it decidable. Next, we relate guarded syntax to earlier quantifier restriction strategies for the purpose of achieving effective axiomatizability in second-order logic -- pointing at analogies with &amp;apos;persistent&amp;apos; formulas, which are essentially in the Bounded Fragment of many-sorted first-order logic. Finally, we look at some further unexplored directions, including the systematic use of &amp;apos;quasi-models&amp;apos; as a semantics by itself.
Injectable Hydrogels from Triblock Copolymers of Vitamin E‐Functionalized Polycarbonate and Poly(ethylene glycol) for Subcutaneous Delivery of Antibodies for Cancer Therapy (2013)

In this study, ‘ABA’‐type triblock copolymers of vitamin E‐functionalized polycarbonate and poly(ethylene glycol) , i.e., VitE m ‐PEG‐VitE m , with extremely short hydrophobic block VitE m , are synthesized and employed to form physically cross‐linked injectable hydrogels for local and sustained delivery of Herceptin. The hydrogels are formed at low concentrations (4–8 wt%). By varying polymer composition and concentration, the rheological behavior, porosity, and drug release properties of hydrogels are readily tunable. The in vitro antitumor specificity and efficacy of Herceptin in hydrogel and solution are investigated by MTT assay against normal and human breast cancer cell lines with different HER2 expression levels. The results demonstrate that the Herceptin‐loaded hydrogel is specific towards HER2‐overexpressing cancer cells and cytotoxic action is comparable to that of the Herceptin solution. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of hydrogel are evaluated in mice with subcutaneous injection by histological examination. It is observed that the hydrogel does not evoke a chronic inflammatory response and degrades within 6 weeks post administration. Biodistribution and anti‐tumor efficacy studies performed in BT474 tumor‐bearing mice show that single subcutaneous injection of Herceptin‐loaded hydrogel at a site close to the tumor enhances the retention of the antibody within the tumor. This leads to superior anti‐tumor efficacy as compared to intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) delivery of Herceptin in solution. The tumor size shrank by 77% at Day 28. When the hydrogel is injected at a distal location away from the tumor site, anti‐tumor efficacy is similar to that of weekly i.v. injections of Herceptin solution over 4 weeks, with the number of injections reduced from 4 to 1. These findings suggest that this hydrogel has great potential for use in subcutaneous and sustained delivery of antibodies to increase therapeutic efficacy and/or improve patient compliance.
Chirality and neuropsychiatric drugs: an update on stereoselective disposition and clinical pharmacokinetics of bupropion (2017)

1. Bupropion, an antidepressant drug has been approved as a racemate containing equal amounts of R- and S-enantiomers. Recently, the chirality of bupropion has received significant attention in the delineation of stereoselective pharmacokinetic (PK) and disposition data. Although the non-stereoselective metabolism of bupropion was well established, the emerging data suggest that bupropion exhibits complex stereoselective metabolism, leading to the formation of various stereoisomeric metabolites. Along with the chiral PKs of bupropion, hydroxybupropion, threohydrobupropion and erythrohydrobupropion, the metabolism data also provided insights into the roles of both CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 enzymes in the stereoselective disposition. Furthermore, the metabolism studies also suggested specific involvement of CYP2B6 pathway in the stereoselective hydroxylation of bupropion to R,R-hydroxybupropion, which was considered as a better marker for CYP2B6 activity. 2. Other significant learnings were: (1) understanding the in vivo CYP2D6 inhibitory potential of bupropion with respect to the chirality of parent drug and the metabolites; (2) the potential involvement of bupropion and metabolites towards significant down regulation of CYP2D6 mRNA; (3) significant in vivo CYP2D6 inhibitory activity (86%) exhibited by R,R-hydroxybupropion and threohydrobupropion. 3. The newly published data on chiral PKs and disposition of bupropion and its metabolites can be used to gauge the drug-drug interaction potential when bupropion is combined in clinical therapy. Moreover, such data would be useful to understand the consequences (if any), due to the combination of bupropion with other drugs both from a safety and efficacy perspective because of the prevalence of polypharmacy situations in many therapeutic areas including CNS indications.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Flavonoid Inhibitors of p56lck Protein Tyrosine Kinase: A Classical/Quantum Chemical Approach (1998)

QSAR studies on 104 flavonoid derivatives as p56lckprotein tyrosine kinase inhibitors were performed, using classical and quantum chemical parameters. The obtained results demonstrate in detail which specific electronic as well as hydrophobic and steric properties of the substituents play a significant role in their binding. The para and meta position in substituents at the 3′ and 4′ position of the phenyl ring should have electron-donating properties and most probably this part of the flavonoid molecule interacts with the catalytic domain of the enzyme, through hydrogen bonds. The chromone moiety appears to be a mixed region indicating the dependence on hydrophobic (π) and electronic parameters such as sum of charges at the chromone ring atoms ΣδC3−C8. The steric hindrance of the substituent at C3position in the chromone moiety is also a potency determining factor and a bulky group in this position has an adverse effect on the bioactivity in the series.
Marginal and conditional second laws of thermodynamics (2019)

We consider the entropy production of a strongly coupled bipartite system. The total entropy production can be partitioned into various components, which we use to define local versions of the Second Law that are valid without the usual idealization of weak coupling. The key insight is that causal intervention offers a way to identify those parts of the entropy production that result from feedback between the sub-systems. From this the central relations describing the thermodynamics of strongly coupled systems follow in a few lines.
Development of the Ligation Detection Reaction (LDR)-TaqMan Assay (2005)

The LDR-TaqMan SNP genotyping method was elaborated and patented [Borodina et al., 2004; EP03019521]. The method is based on the ligation detection reaction (LDR), which is performed directly on genomic DNA. During the LDR, the biallelic state of an SNP locus is converted into the bimarker state of ligated detector oligonucleotides. The state of the markers is then determined by the 5'-nuclease assay (TaqMan) with universal fluorescent probes. The technology is sensitive, has high discrimination power, needs no locus- specific optimization and is applicable both for individual and multiplex SNP analyses. To transfer the technology to scientific partners, the following additional tasks were solved: * a method for cost-effective synthesis of long (60-120nt) oligonucleotides with block structure was developed and patented [Borodina et al., 2003; PCT/EP 2004/003921]; * a procedure for DNA isolation from plant material and saliva on home-made silica spin-columns was established [Borodina et al., 2003a]; * enzymes required for the method (thermostable Pfu DNA ligase and hot start Taq DNA polymerase) were cloned and expressed. The LDR-TaqMan method was applied for SNP genotyping of human and Arabidopsis thaliana DNA samples: * a kit for genotyping of 9 clinically important human SNPs was prepared and used for determination of allele frequencies of these SNPs in two East European populations (Ukrainians and Belorussians, 216 DNA samples) [Kozhekbaeva et al., 2004]; * a 138-loci genotyping kit for Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Columbia (Col-0) and C24 was prepared and tested in the blind genotyping of 10 plants. A comparison of the LDR-TaqMan genotyping results with those obtained by conventional methods (sequencing, RFLP, SNaPshot, Amplifluor [Rickert et al., 2004]) demonstrated the efficiency and reliability of the LDR-TaqMan procedure. Ready-to-use genotyping kits (including enzymes, buffers and sets of detector oligonucleotides) were transferred to collaborators in Golm (Germany) and Moscow (Russia).
”Your Eyes Tell You Have Used This Password Before”: Identifying Password Reuse from Gaze and Keystroke Dynamics (2022)

A significant drawback of text passwords for end-user authentication is password reuse. We propose a novel approach to detect password reuse by leveraging gaze as well as typing behavior and study its accuracy. We collected gaze and typing behavior from 49 users while creating accounts for 1) a webmail client and 2) a news website. While most participants came up with a new password, 32% reported having reused an old password when setting up their accounts. We then compared different ML models to detect password reuse from the collected data. Our models achieve an accuracy of up to 87.7% in detecting password reuse from gaze, 75.8% accuracy from typing, and 88.75% when considering both types of behavior. We demonstrate that using gaze, password reuse can already be detected during the registration process, before users entered their password. Our work paves the road for developing novel interventions to prevent password reuse.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Polyextremophilic Exiguobacterium sp. Strain S17, Isolated from Hyperarsenic Lakes in the Argentinian Puna (2013)

Exiguobacterium sp. strain S17 is a moderately halotolerant, arsenic-resistant bacterium that was isolated from Laguna Socompa stromatolites in the Argentinian Puna. The draft genome sequence suggests potent enzyme candidates that are essential for survival under multiple environmental extreme conditions, such as high levels of UV radiation, elevated salinity, and the presence of critical arsenic concentrations.
Sensitivity of regional hydrology to climate changes, with application to the Illinois River basin (2005)

This paper investigates the sensitivity of regional hydrology to climate change using a physically based model. The model partitions precipitation into surface runoff, groundwater runoff, and evapotranspiration by describing these fluxes first at the local instantaneous scale and then integrating over spatial and temporal distributions of soil saturation, precipitation, and wet environment evapotranspiration to calculate basin‐wide climatic mean fluxes and soil saturation. The sensitivities of the mean fluxes are calculated by changing the mean precipitation and wet environment evapotranspiration. The model is applied to the Illinois River basin, and the impact of the basin's characteristics on the sensitivities is studied. For a relatively broad range of conditions the runoff processes tend to amplify climate change signals in precipitation and wet environment evapotranspiration, while evapotranspiration processes tend to dampen the same signals. These results indicate that it may be easier to detect climate changes in runoff measurements than in precipitation measurements.
Progress on the prototype PIPE (2005)

This paper summarizes our first experience with the prototype Pipelined Image Processing Engine (PIPE) at the National Bureau of Standards during the Summer of 1986. The PIPE machine is a multistage, pipelined configuration of video-rate hardware with a fairly flexible interconnect structure which can be dynamically reconfigured at TV-field rate (60 fields/sec). It is essentially a special-purpose integer processor, tailored to the needs of early vision computations. As the PIPE is a synchronized MIMD machine, the design and programming of algorithms is best done in the form of Data-Flow Graphs which are mapped onto Space-Time Diagrams of the machine. It took us roughly three days to learn to design, implement and debug a program for the PIPE. We have created a variety of routines for real-time image processing; examples are described here, along with algorithm diagrams, latency and update rates.
Mechanisms of benzarone and benzbromarone‐induced hepatic toxicity† (2005)

Treatment with benzarone or benzbromarone can be associated with hepatic injury. Both drugs share structural similarities with amiodarone, a well-known mitochondrial toxin. Therefore, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of benzarone and benzbromarone as well as the analogues benzofuran and 2-butylbenzofuran. In isolated rat hepatocytes, amiodarone, benzarone, and benzbromarone (20 micromol/L) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by 23%, 54% or 81%, respectively. Benzofuran and 2-butylbenzofuran had no effect up to 100 micromol/L. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, amiodarone, benzarone, and benzbromarone, but not benzofuran, decreased state 3 oxidation and respiratory control ratios for L-glutamate (50% decrease of respiratory control ratio at [micromol/L]: amiodarone, 12.9; benzarone, 10.8; benzbromarone, <1). Amiodarone, benzarone, and benzbromarone, but not benzofuran, also uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial beta-oxidation was decreased by 71%, 87%, and 58% with 100 micromol/L amiodarone or benzarone and 50 micromol/L benzbromarone, respectively, but was unaffected by benzofuran, whereas ketogenesis was not affected. 2-Butylbenzofuran weakly inhibited state 3 oxidation and beta-oxidation only at 100 micromol/L. In the presence of 100 micromol/L amiodarone, benzarone or benzbromarone, reactive oxygen species production was increased, mitochondrial leakage of cytochrome c was induced in HepG2 cells, and permeability transition was induced in isolated rat liver mitochondria. At the same concentrations, amiodarone, benzarone, and benzbromarone induced apoptosis and necrosis of isolated rat hepatocytes. In conclusion, hepatotoxicity associated with amiodarone, benzarone, and benzbromarone can at least in part be explained by their mitochondrial toxicity and the subsequent induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Side chains attached to the furan moiety are necessary for rendering benzofuran hepatotoxic.
Toward X-ray coherent diffraction imaging of single epitaxial nanostructures (2008)

International audience
Biosensors for Quorum Chemical Signaling Molecules: Implications of Bacterial Communication in Gastrointestinal Disorders (2008)

The role of bacteria in causing biofouling and a wide variety of health imbalances has been long established. Moreover, bacterial load plays a fundamental role in these processes. Bacteria regulate expression of certain specialized genes, including certain behaviors/phenotypes, as a function of their population density. They employ chemical language, i.e., signaling molecules for their communication and group-based coordination. This phenomenon is known as quorum sensing (QS). The signaling molecules generally are N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) in Gram-negative bacteria, small peptides in Gram-positive bacteria and a turanosyl borate diester, which is common to both types of bacteria. Thus, to better elucidate the mechanism of pathogenicity in bacteria, it is important to understand bacterial communication. The first step toward that end is to be able to detect the signaling molecules in a sensitive and selective manner. We hypothesize that the levels of these quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) in individuals may correlate with their health status, thus QSMs may be significant as biomarkers of diseases. These biomarkers may serve in the monitoring of disease activity and a patient's health. In that regard, we have developed whole-cell sensing systems for the detection of AHLs. Further, we employed these sensing systems in the analysis of biological samples. Specifically, we detected AHLs in biological matrixes, such as saliva and stool, of healthy subjects as well as patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. We envision that these whole-cell sensing systems will allow for the monitoring of bacterial activity in biological fluids, and, consequently, the management of a patient's health. In addition, the aforementioned QS biosensing systems could be employed in the screening of potential anti-microbial drugs that interfere with bacterial communications. Furthermore, the method is non-invasive, fast, and cost-effective and requires simple sample preparation, which makes it amenable for high throughput detection as well as for miniaturization.
Chaotic multiagent system approach for MRF-based image segmentation (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new chaotic approach for image segmentation based on multiagent system (MAS). We consider a set of segmentation agents organized around a coordinator agent. Each segmentation agent performs iterated conditional modes (ICM) starting from its own initial image created using a chaotic mapping. The coordinator agent diversifies the initial images using a crossover and a chaotic mutation operators. The efficiency of our chaotic MAS approach is shown through some experimental results.
Inflammatory profiles in the non-pregnant state predict offspring birth weight at Cebu: Evidence for inter-generational effects of low grade inflammation (2020)

Although maternal infection and inflammation during pregnancy can adversely affect offspring birth weight (BW), whether low grade inflammation in the non-pregnant state predicts BW is unknown.
Permanent magnet synchronous machines: Performances during driving cycles for a hybrid electric vehicle application (2010)

This paper presents the comparison of three permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with concentrated flux, the first two machines with fractional slot windings and the other with distributed windings considered as the reference machine. Therefore, the advantages of PMSMs with fractional slot windings were showed. Then, the computation method of the average copper losses, the average iron losses and the average flux weakening copper losses during the driving cycle of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was presented. Finally, a comparative study during the driving cycles of three machines gives a global view of machine performances assembled for a HEV application.
New Electro-Optic Effect in a Room-Temperature Nematic Liquid Crystal (1970)

The influence of electric dc fields on spontaneously aligned doped films of the nematic liquid crystal anisylidene-$p\ensuremath{-}n$-butylaniline was investigated. Prior to the application of the field films were uniaxial with the optic axis normal to the substrate; under the influence of a field applied perpendicular to the optic axis films became biaxial. The magnitude of the induced retardation was measured as a function of field strength, and found to increase linearly with ${E}^{2}$.
Disruption of the purine nucleotide cycle by inhibition of adenylosuccinate lyase produces skeletal muscle dysfunction. (1984)

Controversy exists as to whether the purine nucleotide cycle is important in normal skeletal muscle function. Patients with disruption of the cycle from a deficiency of AMP deaminase exhibit variable degrees of muscle dysfunction. An animal model was used to examine the effect of inhibition of the purine nucleotide cycle on muscle function. When the compound 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) is phosphorylated to the riboside monophosphate in the myocyte it is an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate lyase, one of the enzymes of the purine nucleotide cycle. AICAriboside was infused in 28 mice, and 22 mice received saline. Gastrocnemius muscle function was assessed in situ by recording isometric tension developed during stimulation. The purine nucleotide content of the muscle was measured before and after stimulation. Disruption of the purine nucleotide cycle during muscle stimulation was evidenced by a greater accumulation of adenylosuccinate, the substrate for adenylosuccinate lyase, in the animals receiving AICAriboside (0.60 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01 nmol/mumol total creatine, P less than 0.0001). There was also a larger accumulation of inosine monophosphate in the AICAriboside vs. saline-treated animals at end stimulation (73 +/- 6 vs. 56 +/- 5 nmol/mumol total creatine, P less than 0.03). Inhibition of flux through the cycle was accompanied by muscle dysfunction during stimulation. Total developed tension in the AICAriboside group was 40% less than in the saline group (3,023 +/- 1,170 vs. 5,090 +/- 450 g . s, P less than 0.002). An index of energy production can be obtained by comparing the change in total phosphagen content per unit of developed tension in the two groups. This index indicates that less high energy phosphate compounds were generated in the AICAriboside group, suggesting that interruption of the purine nucleotide cycle interfered with energy production in the muscle. We conclude from these studies that defective energy generation is one mechanism whereby disruption of the purine nucleotide cycle produces muscle dysfunction.
Towards a generic control system for actuated car doors with arbitrary degrees of freedom (2008)

Actuated car doors with more than one degree of freedom are a desirable means to boost the convenience of the access to cars. This paper outlines the problems connected with providing an intuitive, comfortable and safe operation of such doors. An advanced control system is proposed that overcomes these problems. First, a vision system for the monitoring of the workspace of the door is described. The data gathered is utilized by a collision avoidance method, which enables a safe operation of the car door. Second, a method for the support of the manual handling of the door is provided, which is based on predefined convenient paths for the specific kinematics of the door. Finally, the proposed control system is applied to a virtual car door, with successful results.