gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proof of Yao's Protocol for Secure Two-Party Computation (2004)

In the mid 1980’s, Yao presented a constant-round protocol for securely computing any two-party functionality in the presence of semi-honest adversaries (FOCS 1986). In this paper, we provide a complete description of Yao’s protocol, along with a rigorous proof of security. Despite the importance of Yao’s protocol to the field of secure computation, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a proof of security has been published. 1
Abstract 4211: Breast cancer risk factors by mode of detection among screened women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II (2019)

Abstract Identifying risk factors for women at high risk of symptom-detected breast cancers that were missed by screening would enable targeting of alternative prevention strategies. To identify breast cancer risk factors by mode of detection, we examined these associations in heavily-screened women from the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)-II Nutrition Cohort. Among 76,406 women followed for a median of 13.8 years, 2,469 screen-detected and 1,189 symptom-detected breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Multivariable-adjusted associations were estimated using joint Cox proportional hazards regression models with person-time calculated contingent on screening. The mean (standard deviation) age at baseline was 62.0 (6.6) years for non-cases, 61.6 (6.1) for screen-detected cases, and 61.5 (6.2) for symptom-detected cases. Women with symptom-detected tumors were diagnosed at a slightly younger age (mean=69.4) and less likely to be diagnosed with a localized tumor (65.3%), than women with a screen-detected tumor (mean age at diagnosis=70.4 and localized tumors=83.3%). Factors associated with higher risks of symptom detected vs. screen detected breast cancer, included: current combined menopausal hormone use (HR=2.04, 95% CI 1.70 - 2.46 vs. HR=1.43, 95% CI 1.25 - 1.63), current estrogen only menopausal hormone use (HR=1.41, 95% CI 1.15 - 1.72 vs. HR=0.94, 95% CI 0.82 - 1.09), and history of benign breast disease (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.67 - 2.13 vs. HR=1.49, 95% CI 1.36 - 1.62). The opposite pattern of higher risk of screen detected vs. symptom detected breast cancer was observed for greater adult weight gain (HR=2.32, 95% CI 1.91 - 2.82 vs. HR=1.42, 95% CI 1.10 - 1.84) and alcohol intake (HR=1.39, 95% CI 1.24 - 1.64 vs. HR=1.20, 95% CI 0.92 - 1.58). Our results suggest that understanding risk factors for symptom-detected cancers may help identify women who would benefit from more intensive screening to facilitate early detection. Citation Format: Mia M. Gaudet, Emily Deubler, W. Ryan Diver, Samantha Puvanesarajah, Alpa V. Patel, Ted Gansler, Dana Flanders, Mark Sherman, Susan Gapstur. Breast cancer risk factors by mode of detection among screened women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4211.
High‐Performance Thin‐Film Transistors from Solution‐Processed Cadmium Selenide and a Self‐Assembled Multilayer Gate Dielectric (2008)

TFTs based on solution-processed CdSe films as the semiconductor and a solution-processed nanoscopic self-assembled gate dielectric are fabricated. The devices exhibit high electron mobilities at low operating voltages.
Modeling temporal and large‐scale spatial variability of soil respiration from soil water availability, temperature and vegetation productivity indices (2003)

Field‐chamber measurements of soil respiration from 17 different forest and shrubland sites in Europe and North America were summarized and analyzed with the goal to develop a model describing seasonal, interannual and spatial variability of soil respiration as affected by water availability, temperature, and site properties. The analysis was performed at a daily and at a monthly time step. With the daily time step, the relative soil water content in the upper soil layer expressed as a fraction of field capacity was a good predictor of soil respiration at all sites. Among the site variables tested, those related to site productivity (e.g., leaf area index) correlated significantly with soil respiration, while carbon pool variables like standing biomass or the litter and soil carbon stocks did not show a clear relationship with soil respiration. Furthermore, it was evidenced that the effect of precipitation on soil respiration stretched beyond its direct effect via soil moisture. A general statistical nonlinear regression model was developed to describe soil respiration as dependent on soil temperature, soil water content, and site‐specific maximum leaf area index. The model explained nearly two thirds of the temporal and intersite variability of soil respiration with a mean absolute error of 0.82 μmol m −2 s −1 . The parameterized model exhibits the following principal properties: (1) At a relative amount of upper‐layer soil water of 16% of field capacity, half‐maximal soil respiration rates are reached. (2) The apparent temperature sensitivity of soil respiration measured as Q 10 varies between 1 and 5 depending on soil temperature and water content. (3) Soil respiration under reference moisture and temperature conditions is linearly related to maximum site leaf area index. At a monthly timescale, we employed the approach by Raich et al. [2002] that used monthly precipitation and air temperature to globally predict soil respiration (T&amp;P model). While this model was able to explain some of the month‐to‐month variability of soil respiration, it failed to capture the intersite variability, regardless of whether the original or a new optimized model parameterization was used. In both cases, the residuals were strongly related to maximum site leaf area index. Thus, for a monthly timescale, we developed a simple T&amp;P&amp;LAI model that includes leaf area index as an additional predictor of soil respiration. This extended but still simple model performed nearly as well as the more detailed time step model and explained 50% of the overall and 65% of the site‐to‐site variability. Consequently, better estimates of globally distributed soil respiration should be obtained with the new model driven by satellite estimates of leaf area index. Before application at the continental or global scale, this approach should be further tested in boreal, cold‐temperate, and tropical biomes as well as for non‐woody vegetation.
Thickness effects on photoinduced current in ferroelectric (Pb0.97La0.03)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films (2007)

Ferroelectric (Pb0.97,La0.03)(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 thin films in different thicknesses were fabricated on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates through a sol-gel process. Film thickness dependence of photoinduced current was investigated under the illumination of ultraviolet light. A theoretical model was developed to describe the thickness-dependent photocurrent. Both the theoretical model and experimental results showed that the photocurrent increases exponentially with the decrease in film thickness. However, photocurrent may drop in the films with the very small thickness of tens of nanometers and below in which the small size effect of ferroelectricity is considered. This model also reveals the relationship between the photocurrent and the internal electric field or remnant polarization and predicts a small diffusion current in the opposite direction at very low field or polarization region. These results provide useful guides for the design of ferroelectric film photovoltaic devices.
Enzymatic metabolism of cyclophosphamide and nicotine and production of a toxic cyclophosphamide metabolite. (1972)

Summary Cyclophosphamide is converted by enzymes of mouse liver into two metabolites. Production of the first (aldophosphamide), which is uncharged, requires TPNH, is inhibited by CO, and is accomplished predominantly by the microsomal fraction. With the microsomal enzyme, the Km for cyclophosphamide is 0.5 mm; nicotine, atropine, ephedrine, apomorphine, and cocaine are potent inhibitors. Phenobarbital, cytochrome c, 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate, and some steroid hormones also inhibit the reaction. Aldophosphamide is very toxic, as judged by inhibition of clone formation of human epidermoid carcinoma No. 2 cells and by toxicity to L1210 leukemia cells. The initial metabolite is further converted to 2-carboxyethyl N,N-bis-(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate (carboxyphosphamide) by an enzyme in the soluble portion of the cell. This enzyme can be replaced by purified aldehyde oxidase (aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.1). Carboxyphosphamide, which has little or no antitumor effect, is much less toxic to clone formation of human epidermoid carcinoma No. 2 cells and to L1210 cells. Administration of pyridoxal, which could saturate the endogenous aldehyde oxidase and thus delay the production of carboxyphosphamide, in combination with cyclophosphamide increases the life-span of mice implanted with L1210 cells. The metabolic conversion of nicotine to cotinine by liver proceeds in the same manner as cyclophosphamide oxidation. Nicotine is also oxidized by an amine oxidase to nicotine 1′-oxide. Lung homogenates accomplish the initial oxidation of both cyclophosphamide and nicotine but do not metabolize the products further. Kidney homogenates contain the amine oxidase producing nicotine 1′-oxide. Several other tissues are not active in the metabolism of either cyclophosphamide or nicotine.
Some nutritional properties of the seeds of threeMucunaspecies (2001)

The seeds of Mucuna nivea, M. pruriens and M. utilis showed ash 4.3-5.1%, oil 4.9-5.5%, protein 25.9-27.5%, L-dopa 3.6-4.2%, trypsin 28.5-39.7 mg/g and chymotrypsin inhibitor activity 19.3-24.6 mg/g. The trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activity increased in pod hull and seeds while the amount of protein increased in seeds and decreased in pod hull with maturity. The essential amino acid profile was comparable to the FAO pattern (lysine 6.0-6.4%). The fatty acid composition had total unsaturated acids 51.9-55.9%, but were poor in oil contents.
Studies on the Tetramer of Chlorcyan and its Derivatives. VIII (1965)

Reaction of the tetramer of chlorocyan, namely 2, 4-dichloro-6-isocyanodichloro-s-triazine (hereafter called T.C.C) with methylmercaptan proceeded easily with the liberation of hydrogen chloride and gave the thioalkyl derivative. The thioalkyl derivative obtained here is found to be a new compound of chloroiminothio ether, namely 2, 4-dichloro-6-alkylthiochloroisocyano-s-triazine (1) formed by substitution of a thioalkyl group for a chlorine atom in the isocyanodichloro group of T.C.C. The chlorine in alkylthiochloroisocyano group in (1) showed, against expectation, less active than the chlorine in triazine nucleus, to hydrolysis or aniline substitution reaction. This fact is very interesting in contrast to the high activity of chloroiminothio ether compound and chloroamidine compound in triazine in preceeding report.
Thermoplastic composites reinforced with long fiber thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers for fused deposition modeling (1998)

Abstract This work is concerned with preliminary studies on developing thermoplastic composites for use in fused deposition modeling (FDM). Polypropylene (PP) strands reinforced with thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) fibrils were generated in a novel dual extruder process. The process allowed the reinforcement of PP with a melting point ( T m ) of 165°C with continuous fibrils of a high melting (283°C) TLCP (Vectra A950). The strands were then re‐extruded in a capillary rheometer forming monofilaments to simulate piston actuated FDM. The effects of the thermal and deformation histories on the mechanical properties of the re‐extruded strands were evaluated. It was found that tensile properties of the strands improved with draw ratio and that the maximum modulus of the composite strands was similar to that predicted by composite theory. Strands were consolidated uniaxially via compression molding at temperatures just above the melting point of the matrix to determine the effect of thermal history. This resulted in a ∼20% reduction in tensile modulus relative to the modulus of the strands. Monofilaments were extruded from a capillary rheometer in which long fiber strands were used as feedstock to study the effects of deformation history on the tensile properties. It was found that the tensile properties of the monofilaments were dependent on capillary diameter, capillary L/D, and apparent shear rate due to fibril alignment.
Force Spectroscopy of Individual Stimulus‐Responsive Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) Chains: Towards a Redox‐Driven Macromolecular Motor (2005)

Abstract Summary: Progress in the development of a redox‐driven macromolecular motor and the characterization of its redox‐mechanical cycle using electrochemical AFM‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is described. The elasticities of individual neutral and oxidized poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) macromolecules were reversibly controlled in situ by adjusting the potential in electrochemical SMFS experiments. For the operating cycle of one individual PFS‐based molecular motor, an output of 3.4 × 10 −19 J and an efficiency of 5% have been estimated. Force‐extension curves of a single‐molecule motor. image Force‐extension curves of a single‐molecule motor.
A Fictive Stress Model Calculation of Creep Deformation of Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass in the Glass Transition Region under a Constant Load (2004)

A model calculation based on the fictive stress is conducted on the creep deformation of a Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass near the glass transition temperature under a constant applied load. The model successfully reproduces qualitatively the main features associated with creep viscoelastic behavior at various initial applied stresses, σ0. Whenever the value of σ0 exceeds the critical flow stress, σc (=80 MPa), the flow stress curve, log σ–log t, shows a dip due to stress-induced softening, and the stress dependent viscosity, η(σ), initially decreases. It attains a minimum value, ηmin(σmin), as the glass attains an equilibrium structure corresponding to the imposed stress, σ. For stress, σ, less than the viscosity minimum stress, the η(σ) curves all decrease and tend to merge together, and may be fit with a master curve established previously. This reveals that the model curves depend mainly on the choice of structural relaxation time, λfic, and little on the value of Young's modulus used in a simple Maxwell model calculation. We found a systematic deviation between the model and experimental curves, such that the model tends to overestimate the structural softening in case with smaller initial applied stress. The cause of this deviation is unclear and is a subject for future studies.
PERFORMANCE of HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR A SPRAY DRYER (1990)

ABSTRACT A factorial experimental design was used to study the effect of exhaust heat recovery, air flow rate and outlet temperature on the energy consumption of a spray dryer. A commercial‐scale cocurrent flow dryer with pressure atomization was used to dry 15 wt% sodium sulfate solutions. the inlet air to the dryer was preheated by using a shell‐and‐tube heat exchanger to recover energy from the exhaust air. Heat recovery reduced the energy consumption of the dryer by 12–28%, with the largest reduction occurring at the high levels of air flow rate (13,000 kg/h) and outlet temperature (104°C). the energy consumption of the dryer was lowest when heat was recovered at the low air flow rate (6500 kg/h) and low outlet temperature (82°C). No problems were encountered with fouling or cleaning of the heat exchanger. the total pressure drop across the heat exchanger varied from 0.05–0.2 kPa depending on the air flow rate. This additional flow restriction resulted in an estimated 8% decrease in air flow rate but had negligible effect on energy consumption. the warm‐up time and the space required by the heat recovery unit were insignificant factors for this dryer. the payback period of the heat recovery system was estimated as 4.1–5.4 years with a rate of return of 21–28%.
Cigarette Smoking Before and After Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Mortality From Breast Cancer and Smoking-Related Diseases (2016)

Smoking before or after diagnosis was associated with a higher mortality from breast cancer and several other causes.
Cryogenic Wideband Quadrature Hybrid Couplers Implemented in a Low Temperature Superconductor Multilayer Process (2022)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of two cryogenic 90° hybrid couplers operating at Ka and Ku bands. The hybrid couplers use a CPW based tandem coupled line architecture and are fabricated using a MIT Lincoln Lab multilayer process for superconducting circuits. The first quadrature hybrid demonstrates a wideband coupling performance from 26 GHz to 44 GHz, with measured return loss and isolation better than 24 dB, and insertion loss less than 0.5 dB. The second tandem coupler offers an excellent coupling performance from 8 GHz to 18 GHz. The on-chip device dimensions for the two hybrid couplers are 0.92 mm × 0.16mm and 2.43 mm × 0.16mm, respectively. For further miniaturization, an alternative compact hybrid coupler design for operation at Ku band is proposed having a footprint of only 0.41 mm × 0.35mm, a 64% reduction in device area when compared to the first Ku band design.
Catalytic Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide Monopropellant for Hybrid Motor Re-Ignition (2012)

With the increasing interest in secondary spacecraft payloads, there is a growing need for a safe, stable, and reliable in-space propulsion system. However, no currently employed system can fulfill these requirements, creating a need for a new solution. A propulsion system based upon nitrous oxide and its decomposition is proposed. Nitrous oxide, a popular oxidizer for hybrid rockets, can be decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen in a strong exothermic reaction. The use of a catalyst can decrease the activation energy for this decomposition such that rapid decomposition occurs below 400 C. These hot decomposition products can be used either to ignite hybrid rocket motors or directly in a standalone monopropellant thruster. Both options can provide an exo-atmospheric thruster that is non-toxic, indefinitely storable, and ideal for secondary payload use. A commercially available catalyst is selected, and multiple activity tests have determined the limiting factors on the reaction, allowing accurate scaling to a full size igniter. An analytical code was written to size the igniter features using Helmholtz free energy relations for fluid properties and a non-homogeneous non-equilibrium flow model.
Ultra-light duct for an anechoic wind tunnel (1989)

A tunnel ultra-light (or TUL) is a duct composed of acoustically transparent cloth designed to transform an open-jet wind tunnel into a closed-jet wind tunnel. This concept is of interest (a priori) for anechoic wind tunnels because it improves the aerodynamic quality without hindering the measurement of sound in the far field. A full scale device designed for the 3 m diameter test section of CEPRA 19 was described. The apparatus installation did not develop any significant problems, and the mechanical support turned out to be excellent. Aerodynamic and acoustic tests are discussed. Certain imperfections in the installation as tested - instabilities above 25 m/s and acceptable cloth transmission up to 4kHz were revealed. The system as tested could eventually be used in certain applications, for example, in ground based transport. However, the concept of TUL must be developed further to arrive at a reliable mechanism for use in a large number of applications.
Knee extension moment arm variations relate to mechanical function in walking and running (2021)

The patellofemoral joint plays a crucial mechanical role during walking and running. It increases the knee extensor mechanism's moment arm and reduces the knee extension muscle forces required to generate the extension moment that supports body weight, prevents knee buckling and propels the centre of mass. However, the mechanical implications of moment arm variation caused by patellofemoral and tibiofemoral motion remain unclear. We used a data-driven musculoskeletal model with a 12-degree-of-freedom knee to simulate the knee extension moment arm during walking and running. Using a geometric method to calculate the moment arm, we found smaller moment arms during running than during walking in the swing phase. Overall, knee flexion causes differences between running and walking moment arms as increased flexion causes a posterior shift in the tibiofemoral rotation axis and patella articulation with the distal femur. Moment arms were also affected by knee motion direction and best predicted by separating by direction instead of across the entire gait cycle. Furthermore, we found high inter-subject variation in the moment arm that was largely explained by out-of-plane motion. Our results are consistent with the concept that shorter moment arms increase the effective mechanical advantage of the knee and may contribute to increased running velocity.
Observations on Stability and Contraction of Composite Skin Grafts: Xenodermis or Allodermis with an Isograft Overlay (1990)

Composite skin grafts of xenodermis or allodermis with a thin split-thickness isograft overlay were evaluated for stability and contraction. Male inbred Lewis rats were used as recipients, with Buffalo rats serving as allogeneic dermis donors. Cryopreserved human skin was used for xenodermis grafts. The two components of the composite graft, the xenodermis or allodermis and the isograft overlay, were grafted in one operation to a surgically created wound. Wounds were observed for 1 year. The composite skin grafts took fairly well, although spotty loss of the overlaid isograft was noted. The xenodermis and allodermis remained grossly intact even at 1 year after grafting. However, composite skin grafts in this animal model contracted more than did sheet isografts alone.
Online Blind Reverberation Time Estimation Using CRNNs (2020)

The reverberation time, T60, is an important acoustic parameter in speech and acoustic signal processing. Often, the T60 is unknown and blind estimation from a single-channel measurement is required. State-of-the-art T60 estimation is achieved by a convolutional neural network (CNN) which maps a feature representation of the speech to the T60. The temporal input length of the CNN is fixed. Time-varying scenarios, e.g., robot audition, require continuous T60 estimation in an online fashion, which is computationally heavy using the CNN. We propose to use a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) for blind T60 estimation as it combines the parametric efficiency of CNNs with the online estimation of recurrent neural networks and, in contrast to CNNs, can process time-sequences of variable length. We evaluated the proposed CRNN on the Acoustic Characterization of Environments Challenge dataset for different input lengths. Our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art CNN approach even for shorter inputs at the cost of more trainable parameters.
D-29 Invited—Managing An X-ray Diffraction Laboratory with Responsibilities to Research, Development, Engineering and Production (2007)

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