gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidase 1 of Arabidopsis (AtCEP1) is involved in pathogen defense (2014)

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically determined process in all multicellular organisms. Plant PCD is effected by a unique group of papain-type cysteine endopeptidases (CysEP) with a C-terminal KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (KDEL CysEP). KDEL CysEPs can be stored as pro-enzymes in ER-derived endomembrane compartments and are released as mature CysEPs in the final stages of organelle disintegration. KDEL CysEPs accept a wide variety of amino acids at the active site, including the glycosylated hydroxyprolines of the extensins that form the basic scaffold of the cell wall. In Arabidopsis, three KDEL CysEPs (AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and AtCEP3) are expressed. Cell- and tissue-specific activities of these three genes suggest that KDEL CysEPs participate in the abscission of flower organs and in the collapse of tissues in the final stage of PCD as well as in developmental tissue remodeling. We observed that AtCEP1 is expressed in response to biotic stress stimuli in the leaf. atcep1 knockout mutants showed enhanced susceptibility to powdery mildew caused by the biotrophic ascomycete Erysiphe cruciferarum. A translational fusion protein of AtCEP1 with a three-fold hemaglutinin-tag and the green fluorescent protein under control of the endogenous AtCEP1 promoter (PCEP1::pre-pro-3xHA-EGFP-AtCEP1-KDEL) rescued the pathogenesis phenotype demonstrating the function of AtCEP1 in restriction of powdery mildew. The spatiotemporal AtCEP1-reporter expression during fungal infection together with microscopic inspection of the interaction phenotype suggested a function of AtCEP1 in controlling late stages of compatible interaction including late epidermal cell death. Additionally, expression of stress response genes appeared to be deregulated in the interaction of atcep1 mutants and E. cruciferarum. Possible functions of AtCEP1 in restricting parasitic success of the obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungus are discussed.
Scalable Top-n Local Outlier Detection (2017)

Local Outlier Factor (LOF) method that labels all points with their respective LOF scores to indicate their status is known to be very effective for identifying outliers in datasets with a skewed distribution. Since outliers by definition are the absolute minority in a dataset, the concept of Top-N local outlier was proposed to discover the n points with the largest LOF scores. The detection of the Top-N local outliers is prohibitively expensive, since it requires huge number of high complexity k-nearest neighbor (kNN) searches. In this work, we present the first scalable Top-N local outlier detection approach called TOLF. The key innovation of TOLF is a multi-granularity pruning strategy that quickly prunes most points from the set of potential outlier candidates without computing their exact LOF scores or even without conducting any kNN search for them. Our customized density-aware indexing structure not only effectively supports the pruning strategy, but also accelerates the $k$NN search. Our extensive experimental evaluation on OpenStreetMap, SDSS, and TIGER datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of TOLF - up to 35 times faster than the state-of-the-art methods.
Gradient elution ion chromatographic determination of inorganic anions using a continuous gradient (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGradient elution ion chromatographic determination of inorganic anions using a continuous gradientJames G. TarterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 8, 1264–1268Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00272a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mid-IR interband cascade lasers: progress toward high performance (2001)

Type-II interband cascade (IC) lasers take advantage of the broken-gap alignment in type-II quantum wells to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from serially connected active regions. Here, we review our recent progress in InAs/GaInSb type-II IC lasers at emission wavelengths of 3.6 - 4 micrometers . These semiconductor lasers have exhibited significantly higher differential quantum efficiencies and peak powers than previously reported. Low threshold current densities (e.g., approximately 56 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 80 K) and power efficiency exceeding 14% were observed from mesa-stripe lasers when operated in cw mode. Also, these lasers were able to operate at temperatures up to approximately 252 K in pulsed mode and approximately 142 K in cw mode. We observed slope efficiencies exceeding 1 W/A/facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency exceeding 600%, from devices at temperatures above 80 K. A peak output power of approximately 6 W/facet was observed from an IC laser at 80 K.
Provision of cross-domain knowledge in mechanical joining using ontologies (2022)

Abstract Since the application of mechanical joining methods, such as clinching or riveting, offers a robust solution for the generation of advanced multi-material connections, the use in the field of lightweight designs (e.g. automotive industry) is steadily increasing. Therefore, not only the design of an individual joint is required but also the dimensioning of the entire joining connection is crucial. However, in comparison to thermal joining techniques, such as spot welding, the evaluation of the joints’ resistance against defined requirements (e.g. types of load, minimal amount of load cycles) mainly relies on the consideration of expert knowledge, a few design principles and a small amount of experimental data. Since this generally implies the involvement of several domains, such as the material characterization or the part design, a tremendous amount of data and knowledge is separately generated for a certain dimensioning process. Nevertheless, the lack of formalization and standardization in representing the gained knowledge leads to a difficult and inconsistent reuse, sharing or searching of already existing information. Thus, this contribution presents a specific ontology for the provision of cross-domain knowledge about mechanical joining processes and highlights two potential use cases of this ontology in the design of clinched and pin joints.
Identification of lubrication Regimes in Mechanical Seals using Acoustic Emission for Condition Monitoring (2015)

The quality of lubrication condition between seal faces directly affects the reliability, operating life and sealing performance of mechanical seals. Thus, the identification of lubrication regimes in face seals i.e. boundary lubrication (BL), mixed lubrication (ML) and hydrodynamic lubrication (HL) is of high importance for developing effective online condition monitoring approaches. This paper investigates the tribological behaviour and frictional characteristics of mechanical seals based on nonintrusive acoustic emission (AE) measurements. Mathematical models for AE generation mechanisms are derived based on the tribological behaviour and operating parameters of mechanical seals. They produce agreeable results with experimental data in explaining the types of AE signals observed in monitoring the face lubrication conditions. Frequency domain analysis of data shows that the viscous friction process generates more low frequency AE signals, whereas the asperity interactions show more high frequency AE. Moreover, the feasibility of using statistical parameters of the time domain data is shown to identify the lubrication regimes in face seals.
Laser direct writing of single-crystal III-V compounds on GaAs (1986)

Laser selective chemical vapor deposition and direct writing of GaAs and its ternary alloys with P have been achieved on GaAs substrates. An Ar+ laser is used to locally heat areas where selective deposition is desired on a substrate which is uniformly biased to a temperature in the range of 25–500 °C. Epitaxial growth was achieved by carefully controlling the deposition parameters to reach growth rates low enough, typically 20 Å/s, for the reaction kinetics of the pyrolitic process to take place. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence results indicate that the quality of the deposited material is comparable to that grown with the conventional metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique.
Temperature Dependence of Light Hydrocarbons Sorption and Transport in Dense Membranes Based on Tetradecyl Substituted Silicone Rubber (2023)

Solubility-selective polymer membranes are promising materials for C3+ hydrocarbons removal from methane and other permanent gas streams. To this end, a dense solubility-selective membrane based on crosslinked poly(tetradecyl methyl siloxane) was synthesized. Sorption of methane, ethane, and n-butane in the polymer was measured in the temperature range of 5–35 °C. An abnormal temperature dependence of sorption was detected, contradicting the generally accepted view of sorption as an exothermic process. In particular, methane shows minimal sorption at 5 °C. The abnormal temperature behavior was found to be related to crystallization of the alkyl side chains at temperatures below ~10 °C. Gas permeability determined by sorption and permeation methods are in reasonable agreement with each other and decrease in the order n-C4H10 &gt; C2H6 &gt; CH4. The solubility of these alkanes changes in the same order indicating that poly(tetradecyl methyl siloxane) is indeed the sorption-selective membrane. The diffusivities and permeabilities of studied alkanes declined with decreasing temperature, whereas the n-C4H10/CH4 permselectivity increases with decreasing temperature, reaching a value of 23 at 5 °C.
K'ung Tzŭ Chia Yü (The School Sayings of Confucius). Introduction. Translation of Sections 1–10, with critical notes. By DrR. P. Kramers, pp. xii + 406. Leiden: Brill, 1950 (Sinica Leidensia, vol. vii). (1950)

K'ung Tzŭ Chia Yü (The School Sayings of Confucius). Introduction. Translation of Sections 1–10, with critical notes. By DrR. P. Kramers, pp. xii + 406. Leiden: Brill, 1950 (Sinica Leidensia, vol. vii). - Volume 82 Issue 3-4
The accuracy of endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia (2000)

Endometrial assessment by means of biopsy or sampling of endometrial cells is a minimally invasive alternative for dilatation and curettage (D&C) or hysteroscopy. The use of this technique is believed to reduce the cost of the diagnostic work-up for abnormal uterine bleeding without reducing accuracy.
Process Integration and Electrical Properties of Bilayer Metal Gate/High-k MOSFETs (2007)

In this paper, we demonstrate one possible integration scheme to achieve dual work function metal gates on high-k dielectrics by utilizing bilayer metal electrodes and a selective metal wet etch process. We achieve a ~0.85 eV difference in effective gate work functions and well-behaved transistor characteristics by using Al/W and Pt/W bilayer metal gates on Hf02 dielectrics.
Particle Size Characteristics of Molten Corium Quenched in Water (2008)

During a hypothetical severe accident in a nuclear reactor, a steam explosion might occur when molten corium interacts with water. The strength of a steam explosion affects the integrity of the containment of a nuclear reactor and is highly dependant on the characteristics of the melt-water-steam mixture. Since a break-up and fragmentation process during a pre-mixing are important mechanisms for a steam explosion behavior and affect the debris size distribution, the particle size characteristics of quenched corium have been investigated. For several years, series of experiments have been performed using prototypical corium in the TROI test facility with a high frequency induction heating using cold crucible technology. The molten corium was discharged into the cold water and the quenched debris particles were collected, sieved and examined for the effect of a size distribution on a steam explosion. The small corium droplets do not seem to contribute to a steam explosion owing to solidification at an early stage before the explosion but the large droplets contribute to it owing to their liquid state. It was also shown that single oxides and binary oxides with an eutectic composition (UO2/ZrO2 = 70/30 at weight percentage) led to steam explosions, but a binary oxide with a non-eutectic one did not. The mass mean diameters of the debris of the steam explosive composition was less than that of the non-steam explosive composition. Zirconia was the most energetic steam-explosive material in these tests, and an eutectic composition of corium also lead to a steam explosion, but a non-eutectic composition corium hardly led to a steam explosion. The particle sizes of the molten corium participating in a steam explosion were shown to be mainly 3–6 mm depending on the material and composition.
On the Non-malleability of the Fiat-Shamir Transform. (2012)

The Fiat-Shamir transform is a well studied paradigm for removing interaction from publiccoin protocols. We investigate whether the resulting non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proof systems also exhibit non-malleability properties that have up to now only been studied for NIZK proof systems in the common reference string model: first, we formally define simulation soundness and a weak form of simulation extraction in the random oracle model (ROM). Second, we show that in the ROM the Fiat-Shamir transform meets these properties under lenient conditions. A consequence of our result is that, in the ROM, we obtain truly efficient non malleable NIZK proof systems essentially for free. Our definitions are sufficient for instantiating the Naor-Yung paradigm for CCA2-secure encryption, as well as a generic construction for signature schemes from hard relations and simulation-extractable NIZK proof systems. These two constructions are interesting as the former preserves both the leakage resilience and key-dependent message security of the underlying CPA-secure encryption scheme, while the latter lifts the leakage resilience of the hard relation to the leakage resilience of the resulting signature scheme.
The effects of functional group mobility on quantitative ESCA of plasma modified polymer surfaces (1981)

Abstract Wetting nitrogen plasma modified polyethylene with a permeable solvent rapidly reduces the surface concentration of amines originally incorporated with plasma exposure. The rate of decrease in surface amine concentration increases with increasing hydrogen bonding capabilities of the solvent. A slower decrease in the surface amine concentration occurs for dry, modified polymers not wet with a solvent. A model consistent with a solvent mediated dilution of surface groups into the interior of the polymer is proposed. Upon protonation with aqueous H 3 PO 4 or H 2 SO 4 , subsurface amines readily migrate back to the surface; HCl and HNO 3 do not produce this result. The rate of concentration of protonated amines into the ESCA sampling depth is dependent on the permeability of the aqueous acid and the solubility of the corresponding protonated ammonium salt in polyethylene. The mobility of surface functional groups seriously affects the use of chemical derivatization reagents for the ESCA of modified polymer surfaces and raises important questions concerning the significance of a polymer surface analysis. The reaction of surface amines with pentafluorobenzaldehyde is used to illustrate this point.
Supporting long term evolution in an internet architecture (2012)

Networking is fundamentally changing from the traditional model of a dumb data pipe to a system that combines computation and storage with the delivery of data. The Internet has transformed dramatically from its initial design and has grown far beyond its original vision. A future Internet design must facilitate this movement and, at the same time, accommodate dramatic evolution we might experience in the future. 
In this dissertation, we address the fundamental challenges in designing an Internet architecture that supports long-term evolution. We argue that interesting interactions between the network and the end-points can happen in the new environment and that they should be better managed and supported by the network architecture. To achieve this, we propose an integrated architecture that facilitates such interactions by supporting the evolution of the network's service model and systematically explore three different aspects of designing a network architecture that supports evolution. 
First, we present a network design that supports graceful introduction of new network-level functionality in an efficient manner. Unlike the current Internet, this design allows the introduction of new network-level abstractions along with new functionality. Second, we explore the implications of the network design on endpoints. We demonstrate that when networks provide new functionality, some of the features that were traditionally implemented purely at the end-points can now be better handled in cooperation with the network. Therefore, end-points' strategy may have to adapt to the functionality provided by the underlying network. Finally, designing a network architecture often requires designing a set of common behaviors that all routers, switches, and end-points must agree on. However, such common behaviors are especially hard to change once they are deployed, which significantly hinders the evolution in the network. However, we show that we can design a common behavior to support evolution. 
In summary, this dissertation demonstrates that a future network architecture can benefit from a design that supports evolution and accommodates diversity at various layers of the network without sacrificing the performance and efficiency.
Ion plating and beyond: Pushing the limits of energetic deposition (2001)

Ion plating has been introduced about four decades ago, and recently much progress has been made in deeper understanding of ion beam assisted and self-ion assisted deposition techniques. A variety of energetic deposition processes have been developed which involve either plasmas, or low-energy ion beams, or both. Of particular interest are hybrid processes such as plasma immersion techniques that have several energy and species "knobs" to tune and tailor properties of coatings, graded layers, and multilayers. These processes will be briefly reviewed. Increasing the energy of condensing species leads to the formation of intermixed layers, usually accompanied with improved adhesion. Energetic deposition often leads to high compressive stress; however, stress relief can be obtained under certain conditions, especially when using high-energy ions at low duty cycle. The choice of energy and duty cycle of the high-energy particle fraction is dictated, among other factors, by the average power limits, temperature tolerance of the substrate, and the effect of re-sputtering from the growing film.
Thickness-tunable terahertz plasma oscillations in a semiconductor slab excited by femtosecond optical pulses (2008)

We report on the observation of terahertz oscillations in an electron-hole plasma optically excited by a femtosecond pulse in the $\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$-sized slab of low-temperature-grown-GaAs (LT-GaAs) grown on the GaAs substrate. The frequency of oscillations is shown to be inversely proportional to the slab thickness. It is suggested that the LT-GaAs slab serves as a resonant cavity for traveling plasma waves, which have been generated as a consequence of the shock interaction of photoexcited electron plasma with the GaAs/LT-GaAs interface. The instantaneous diffusion of photoexcited plasma inward the material is driven by the density gradient over the Beer's law distributed carrier population and is evidenced to be a main reason of the shock interaction in the localized plasma. The frequencies of oscillations observed are 3.5 times larger that the inverse electron transit time in the LT-GaAs slab, suggesting the ``ballistic'' regime for plasma wave propagation to occur. The oscillations have been observed in the photocurrent autocorrelation measurements. The dynamical electric field at the GaAs/LT-GaAs interface arising due to the instantaneous diffusion of photoexcited electrons inward the material was studied through the transient reflectivity change responses, which have been measured simultaneously with photocurrent.
Loss of PTEN Promotes Resistance to T Cell–Mediated Immunotherapy (2015)

This study adds to the growing evidence that oncogenic pathways in tumors can promote resistance to the antitumor immune response. As PTEN loss and PI3K-AKT pathway activation occur in multiple tumor types, the results support the rationale to further evaluate combinatorial strategies targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Orofacial Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Hairless Mice: Latent Virus in Trigeminal Ganglia After Topical Antiviral Treatment (1978)

Inoculation of herpes simplex virus on the forehead and/or snout of hairless mice resulted in a significantly lower mortality rate than inoculation of the skin in the lumbosacral area. Latent herpes simplex virus infections were detected in all forehead-inoculated and in 90% of snout-inoculated mice. Phosphonoacetic acid was highly effective in preventing the development of skin lesions, and no latent infections were detected when phosphonoacetic acid ointment was applied 3 h after infection. Neither adenine arabinoside nor adenine arabinoside monophosphate prevented the establishment of latent infections in the trigeminal ganglia, although they protected the mice from the fatal outcome of the infection. The antibody response after adenine arabinoside or adenine arabinoside monophosphate treatment was similar to that observed in untreated animals, and it was six to eight times higher than in mice treated with phosphonoacetic acid. Mice without evidence of latent infection had, in general, lower serum antibody titers than those with latent infections in the ganglia. An analysis of the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection in mice treated with adenine arabinoside showed that virus penetration into the nerve endings was delayed and that the amount of free virus in ganglionic homogenates was 10 to 100 times less than that for untreated mice.