gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Aggregation and Magnetic Separation of Multicore Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Effect of the Grafted Layer Thickness (2018)

In this work, we have studied field-induced aggregation and magnetic separation-realized in a microfluidic channel equipped with a single magnetizable micropillar-of multicore iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) also called "nanoflowers" of an average size of 27 ± 4 nm and covered by either a citrate or polyethylene (PEG) monolayer having a thickness of 0.2⁻1 nm and 3.4⁻7.8 nm, respectively. The thickness of the adsorbed molecular layer is shown to strongly affect the magnetic dipolar coupling parameter because thicker molecular layers result in larger separation distances between nanoparticle metal oxide multicores thus decreasing dipolar magnetic forces between them. This simple geometrical constraint effect leads to the following important features related to the aggregation and magnetic separation processes: (a) Thinner citrate layer on the IONP surface promotes faster and stronger field-induced aggregation resulting in longer and thicker bulk needle-like aggregates as compared to those obtained with a thicker PEG layer; (b) A stronger aggregation of citrated IONPs leads to an enhanced retention capacity of these IONPs by a magnetized micropillar during magnetic separation. However, the capture efficiency Λ at the beginning of the magnetic separation seems to be almost independent of the adsorbed layer thickness. This is explained by the fact that only a small portion of nanoparticles composes bulk aggregates, while the main part of nanoparticles forms chains whose capture efficiency is independent of the adsorbed layer thickness but depends solely on the Mason number <i>Ma</i>. More precisely, the capture efficiency shows a power law trend Λ ∝ M a<sup>−n</sup>, with <i>n</i> ≈ 1.4⁻1.7 at 300 < <i>Ma</i> < 10⁴, in agreement with a new theoretical model. Besides these fundamental issues, the current work shows that the multicore IONPs with a size of about 30 nm have a good potential for use in biomedical sensor applications where an efficient low-field magnetic separation is required. In these applications, the nanoparticle surface design should be carried out in a close feedback with the magnetic separation study in order to find a compromise between biological functionalities of the adsorbed molecular layer and magnetic separation efficiency.
Defect Sizing Using Non-destructive Ultrasonic Testing: Applying Bandwidth-Dependent DAC and DGS Curves (2016)

This book presents a precise approach for defect sizing using ultrasonics. It describes an alternative to the current European and American standards by neglecting their limitations. The approach presented here is not only valid for conventional angle beam probes, but also for phased array angle beam probes. It introduces an improved method which provides a significant productivity gain and calculates curves with high accuracy. Its content is of interest to all those working with distance gain size (DGS) methods or are using distance ampllitude correction (DAC) curves
Nuclease activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-copper ion. Conformational analysis and footprinting of the lac operon (1985)

The nuclease activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-copper [(OP)2Cu+] preferentially nicks the wild-type, Ps, and L8-UV-5 lac promoters in the conserved promoter specific sequence (Pribnow box). The preferred sites of attack of the wild-type fragment within this region are at positions -13 and -12 on the template strand. When the comparable fragment from the Ps promoter, which differs from the wild type at position -9 (T instead of C), is cleaved with (OP)2Cu+, a new strong band at position -10 in the gel patterns is clear. An apparent increase in cutting at position -11 can also be observed. The conversion of the Ps promoter to the L8-UV-5 promoter (a change from an A to a T at position -8 and a change from a C to a T at position -66) results in alteration of the relative intensities of the four prominent bands at positions -13 to -10. Most notably, the intensity at position -10 is attenuated in L8-UV-5. The hypersensitivity of the Pribnow box region to the coordination complex is also apparent if the cutting of the missense strand is analyzed. The region of strong nicking in this case ranges from positions -11 to -3, and the relative intensities of the bands depend on the primary sequence of the promoters. These data suggest that a single base change induces local variation in the DNA structure. This new structure may be responsible for the notable difference in the efficiency of the promoters. Pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) does not preferentially cleave the Pribnow box relative to other regions of the sequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microchip‐Based Cell Lysis and DNA Extraction from Sperm Cells for Application to Forensic Analysis (2006)

The current backlog of casework is among the most significant challenges facing crime laboratories at this time. While the development of next-generation microchip-based technology for expedited forensic casework analysis offers one solution to this problem, this will require the adaptation of manual, large-volume, benchtop chemistry to small volume microfluidic devices. Analysis of evidentiary materials from rape kits where semen or sperm cells are commonly found represents a unique set of challenges for on-chip cell lysis and DNA extraction that must be addressed for successful application. The work presented here details the development of a microdevice capable of DNA extraction directly from sperm cells for application to the analysis of sexual assault evidence. A variety of chemical lysing agents are assessed for inclusion in the extraction protocol and a method for DNA purification from sperm cells is described. Suitability of the extracted DNA for short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is assessed and genetic profiles shown. Finally, on-chip cell lysis methods are evaluated, with results from fluorescence visualization of cell rupture and DNA extraction from an integrated cell lysis and purification with subsequent STR amplification presented. A method for on-chip cell lysis and DNA purification is described, with considerations toward inclusion in an integrated microdevice capable of both differential cell sorting and DNA extraction. The results of this work demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating microchip-based cell lysis and DNA extraction into forensic casework analysis.
Camera-spectrometer for multi- and hyperspectral imaging (2005)

This paper presents a novel approach for modifying anordinary digital camera to be able to generate multiorhyperspectral images. The basic idea is to useminiature (spatially and spectrally) overlapping colormosaicfilters with a spatial resolution which is asclose as possible to the actual resolution of the sensorplate. What is new here is that common (cheap)printing techniques can be used to produce these filtermosaics. The resulting image which shows locallyfiltered scene areas, can be transformed into ahyperspectral image by considering each group ofneighboring pixels and transforming it into a singleimage element in the final hyperspectral image.
Infuence of Culinary-Medicinal Maitake Mushroom, Grifola frondosa (Dicks.: Fr.) S.F. Gray (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Polysaccharides on Gene Expression in Jurkat T Lymphocytes (2010)

The fruiting body of the culinary-medicinal Maitake mushroom Grifola frondosa contains β-glucans that have immunomodulatory effects and potential uses as adjuncts to cancer therapy. Numerous clinical trials are being conducted to assess the benefits of using commercial preparations containing G. frondosa extracts in cancer treatment. We tested a commercially available product containing polysaccharides from the G. frondosa (CGFP) and studied their effect on gene expression in Jurkat T cells. An mRNA differential display was performed to gain insight into the cell response to the substance. HAI1, hnRNP A2/B1, PKC iota, KLRC1, and genes of the ubiquitin system were identified as possible regulators in the mechanism of tumor-suppressor action of CGFP. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to investigate the effect of CGFP on cytokine expression in Jurkat T cells. The qPCR results showed that the expression of the gene for IL-5 is increased.
Real-time PCR of the mammalian hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene for analysis of flea (Ctenocephalides felis) feeding patterns on dogs (2012)

The HMBS PCR method developed here offers the advantages of both exquisite sensitivity and specificity that make it superior to other approaches for quantification of blood ingested by fleas. The capability to detect minute quantities of blood in single fleas, particularly immediately after colonization of the host, will provide a superior tool for studying flea-host interactions, flea-borne disease transmission, and flea control strategies.
Transglutaminase activity is decreased in large arteries from hypertensive rats compared with normotensive controls (2015)

Transglutaminases (TGs) catalyze the formation of covalent cross-links between glutamine residues and amine groups. This cross-linking activity has been implicated in arterial remodeling. Because hypertension is characterized by arterial remodeling, we hypothesized that TG activity, expression, and functionality would be increased in the aorta, but not in the vena cava (which does not undergo remodeling), from hypertensive rats relative to normotensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) and DOCA-salt rats as well as their respective normotensive Wistar-Kyoto or Sprague-Dawley counterparts were used. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis measured the presence and expression of TG1 and TG2, in situ activity assays quantified active TGs, and isometric contractility was used to measure TG functionality. Contrary to our hypothesis, the activity (52% DOCA-salt vs. control rats and 56% SHRSP vs. control rats, P < 0.05), expression (TG1: 54% DOCA-salt vs. control rats, P > 0.05, and TG2: 77% DOCA-salt vs. control rats, P < 0.05), and functionality of TG1 and TG2 were decreased in the aorta, but not in the vena cava, from hypertensive rats. Mass spectrometry identified proteins uniquely amidated by TGs in the aorta that play roles in cytoskeletal regulation, redox regulation, and DNA/RNA/protein synthesis and regulation and in the vena cava that play roles in cytoskeletal regulation, coagulation regulation, and cell metabolism. Consistent with the idea that growing cells lose TG2 expression, vascular smooth muscle cells placed in culture lost TG2 expression. We conclude that the expression, activity, and functionality of TG1 and TG2 are decreased in the aorta, but not in the vena cava, from hypertensive rats compared with control rats.
Assisting the comprehension of legacy transactions (2002)

One of the principal aims of data reverse engineering is to facilitate comprehension of the internal structure and behaviour of data-intensive systems by programmers. However the majority of the research in this area has so far concentrated on the development of techniques to assist comprehension of the data structures used by such systems, and much less attention has been paid to the equally pressing problem of understanding the ways in which those structures are manipulated by the systems to solve business problems. In particular, there are few tools which can help a programmer to comprehend the functionality provided by a collection of database transactions. While some relevant techniques have been developed by the software reverse engineering community, in general their applicability to transactions is limited by the fact that they focus on program state alone. In-depth analysis of source code that manipulates data stored in a database (or other persistent store) must take into account the effects of that source code on both the program state and the database state. In this paper we present an extension of the technique of symbolic execution that takes into account the specific semantics of database access commands. This extended symbolic execution engine can extract declarative representations of the data manipulations carried out by transactions, in the form of logical conditions over the database state rather procedural manipulation of the program state. The engine is then used to annotate transactions with automatically generated comments, to assist the transaction programmer in comprehending its behaviour.
Design of extended WDM access system for providing broadband communication and broadcast TV services (2001)

We propose extended WDM access system employing optical packet/SCM hybrid amplification scheme for supporting larger number of subscribers. For suppressing interference between optical packets and SCM signal, optimum operating conditions of EDFA are discussed.
Semi‐analytical computation of a quasi‐static field induced by a 3D eddy current probe scanning a 2D layered conductor with parallel rough interfaces (2014)

Abstract This paper deals with the fast computation of the quasi‐static fields induced in a conductor with a locally perturbed shape along the longitudinal axis and extruded along the transversal one. Besides, the material is composed of several homogeneous layers with parallel faces. The method used here is based on writing Maxwell's equations in a curvilinear system, which leads to a more simple expression of boundary conditions. The validity of this method for the computation of quasi‐static fields induced by an eddy current probe in a conductive half‐space with a rough surface has been proved recently, and we propose here to complete this innovative formalism in order to solve an eddy current non‐destructive testing (ECNDT) configuration with a rough surface conductive medium composed of several homogeneous layers with parallel faces. This extension allows to tackle new ECNDT configurations such as homogeneous media constituted by rough interfaces. Moreover, it provides sufficient solutions for non‐homogeneous conductive parts presenting a depth‐varying (i.e., along the direction of the normal local vector with respect to the surface) material property, which can be approximated by a piecewise constant function by introducing multiple thin homogeneous layers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Scalable Active Learning for Multiclass Image Classification (2012)

Machine learning techniques for computer vision applications like object recognition, scene classification, etc., require a large number of training samples for satisfactory performance. Especially when classification is to be performed over many categories, providing enough training samples for each category is infeasible. This paper describes new ideas in multiclass active learning to deal with the training bottleneck, making it easier to train large multiclass image classification systems. First, we propose a new interaction modality for training which requires only yes-no type binary feedback instead of a precise category label. The modality is especially powerful in the presence of hundreds of categories. For the proposed modality, we develop a Value-of-Information (VOI) algorithm that chooses informative queries while also considering user annotation cost. Second, we propose an active selection measure that works with many categories and is extremely fast to compute. This measure is employed to perform a fast seed search before computing VOI, resulting in an algorithm that scales linearly with dataset size. Third, we use locality sensitive hashing to provide a very fast approximation to active learning, which gives sublinear time scaling, allowing application to very large datasets. The approximation provides up to two orders of magnitude speedups with little loss in accuracy. Thorough empirical evaluation of classification accuracy, noise sensitivity, imbalanced data, and computational performance on a diverse set of image datasets demonstrates the strengths of the proposed algorithms.
Development and Physical Characterization of Meclizine Hydrochloride Solid Dispersions by using Polyethylene Glycol 8000 (2014)

Development of the meclizine hydrochloride solid dispersions using polyethylene glycol 8000 is not only to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate but also to produce rapid onset of action. The objectives of present research are to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of meclizine hydrochloride using solid dispersion method. In the present study, the solid dispersions were prepared using solvent evaporation method and evaluated for different physical parameters such as solubility, drug carrier compatibility and powder flow properties. From the results of solubility studies, F4 formulation was selected to prepare the fast dissolving tablets because it showed highest improvement in the solubility among the all formulations and compared with control tablets (conventional tablets using pure drug). The percent drug release in 15 min (Q15) and initial dissolution rate for F4 tablets was 98.52±1.34%, 6.56%/min and these were very much higher compared to control tablets (32.49±1.29 %, 2.17%/min). The relative dissolution rate was found to be 3.03 and dissolution efficiency was found to be 54.45 and it is increased by 3.5 fold with F4 formulation compared to control tablets (16.55). Hence the formulation of polyethylene glycol 8000 solid dispersions is a suitable method to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of meclizine hydrochloride. Further research warranted to study the efficacy of the developed formulations has to be assessed by pharmacokinetic studies.
Zustandsschätzung im Fall simultan auftretender mengenbasierter und stochastischer Unsicherheiten (State Estimation in Case of Mixed Set Theoretic and Stochastic Uncertainties) (2000)

Dieser Beitrag stellt ein neuartiges Filter zur Schätzung des Zustands eines zeitvarianten linearen dynamischen Systems für den Fall vor, dass sowohl im Systemeingang als auch in der Messung simultan zwei unterschiedliche Unsicherheitsformen auftreten. Die erste Unsicherheit ist durch einen stochastischen Prozess mit bekannter Charakteristik gegeben. Die zweite wird nur durch ihre Wertbegrenzung beschrieben, die Verteilungsdichte ist jedoch unbekannt. Das neue Filter verallgemeinert bekannte Konzepte wie das Kalman-Filter und das mengenbasierte Filter, und umfasst diese als Grenzfälle. Abschließend werden zwei Anwendungen des neuen Filters auf Probleme in der Robotik vorgestellt.
Phosphorylation at Connexin43 Serine‐368 Is Necessary for Myocardial Conduction During Metabolic Stress (2015)

Connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation alters gap junction localization and function. In particular, phosphorylation at serine-368 (S368) has been suggested to alter gap junctional conductance, but previous reports have shown inconsistent results for both timing and functional effects of S368 phosphorylation. The objective of this study was to determine the functional effects of isolated S368 phosphorylation. We evaluated wild-type Cx43 (AdCx43) and mutations simulating permanent phosphorylation (Ad368E) or preventing phosphorylation (Ad368A) at S368. Function was assessed by optical mapping of electrical conduction in patterned cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, under baseline and metabolic stress (MS) conditions. Baseline conduction velocity (CV) was similar for all groups. In the AdCx43 and Ad368E groups, MS moderately decreased CV. Ad368A caused complete conduction block during MS. Triton-X solubility assessment showed no change in Cx43 location during conduction impairment. Western blot analysis showed that Cx43-S368 phosphorylation was present at baseline, and that it decreased during MS. Our data indicate that phosphorylation at S368 does not affect CV under baseline conditions, and that preventing S368 phosphorylation makes Cx43 hypersensitive to MS. These results show the critical role of S368 phosphorylation during stress conditions.
Irish Sign Language Recognition Using Principal Component Analysis and Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Hand-shape recognition is an important problem in computer vision with significant societal impact. In this work, we introduce a new image dataset for Irish Sign Language (ISL) recognition and we compare between two recognition approaches. The dataset was collected by filming human subjects performing ISL hand-shapes and movements. Then, we extracted frames from the videos. This produced a total of 52,688 images for the 23 common hand- shapes from ISL. Afterwards, we filter the redundant images with an iterative image selection process that selects the images which keep the dataset diverse. For classification, we use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with with K- Nearest Neighbours (k-NN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We obtain a recognition accuracy of 0.95 for our PCA model and 0.99 for our CNN model. We show that image blurring improves PCA results to 0.98. In addition, we compare times for classification.
Differential Ability of Human Blood Monocyte Subsets to Release Various Cytokines (1985)

We have shown that two human monocyte subsets can be isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors; these subsets possess different morphological, cytochemical, functional, and in vivo trafficking properties [1]. In this report, these two subsets were further characterized. One subset (intermediate monocytes, IM) has been shown to have significantly lower acid phosphatase activity and total cellular protein content as well as lower peroxidase activity when compared with another subset (regular monocytes, RM). The overall activation status of the two subsets (as determined by their alkaline phosphodiesterase activity) was identical. We also examined the capacity of these subsets to release various cytokines with or without polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) stimulation. There was no appreciable difference in their ability to release interferon (IFN), interleukin 1 (IL-1), and prostaglandin E (PGE) without stimulation, while IM produced slightly, but significantly, higher amounts of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) than RM. The amount of IFN released by IM in response to poly I:C was approximately three times higher than the amount of IFN released by RM. IL-1 was also released in higher amounts by IM than by RM in response to poly I:C. IM were also found to release more CSF than RM in response to poly I:C. In contrast, it was noted that IM secrete significantly less PGE response to poly I:C than do RM. These findings indicate that two purified human monocyte subsets, distinguishable by maturation markers, differ significantly in their ability to release various cytokines after stimulation; this difference may be relevant to potential in vivo roles of these immunoregulatory cells.