gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perioperative oxygen administration in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia in Australia and New Zealand (2023)

The practice of anaesthetists relating to the administration of intraoperative oxygen has not been previously quantified in Australia and New Zealand. The optimal regimen of intraoperative oxygen administration to patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia is not known, and international recommendations for oxygen therapy are contradictory; the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend administering an intraoperative fraction of inspired oxygen of at least 0.8, while the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, British Thoracic Society, and Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand recommend a more restrictive approach. We conducted a prospective observational study to describe the pattern of intraoperative oxygen administration among anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand and, second, to determine the proportion of anaesthetists who administer intraoperative inspired oxygen in accordance with the WHO recommendations. We identified 150 anaesthetists from ten metropolitan hospitals in Australia and New Zealand and observed the patterns of intraoperative oxygen administration to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA) 3 or 4 patients undergoing prolonged surgery under general anaesthesia. The median (interquartile range) intraoperative time-weighted mean fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO<sub>2</sub>) for all participants in the study was 0.47 (0.40-0.55). Three out of 150 anaesthetists (2%, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 5.7) administered an average intraoperative FiO<sub>2</sub> of at least 0.8. These findings indicate that most anaesthetists routinely administer an intermediate level of oxygen for ASA 3 or 4 adult patients undergoing prolonged surgery in Australia and New Zealand, rather than down-titrating inspired oxygen to a target pulse oximetry reading (SpO<sub>2</sub>) or administering liberal perioperative oxygen therapy in line with the current WHO recommendation.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Pure (‐)‐4‐[(N‐Allyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐piperidinyl)phenylamino] ‐N,N‐diethylbenzamide Displays Selective Binding and Full Agonist Activity for the δ Opioid Receptor. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Possibility of application of glycerol for selection of polyurethane foam systems compositions (2005)

The two-stage method of preparation of polyols based on soybean oil, with the use of either glycerol or ethylene glycol as hydrogen atom donors in the reaction of epoxy ring opening, was described. At the first stage the unsaturated fatty acids were oxidized under the influence of acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide system to obtain epoxy derivatives. Then epoxy ring opening has been done using one of two donors mentioned. There were determined the chemical and physicochemical properties of soybean polyols obtained (Table 2) which were used for the preparation of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams (Table 1). The courses of foaming (times of start, gel and tack-free - Table 3) and useful properties (density, heat transfer coefficient, closed cells content, compressive strength - Table 4, Fig. 2) were compared for three types of foams. One of them was control one (with use of commercial polyols) and two were prepared from the compositions in which soybean polyol, prepared with use of either glycerol or ethylene glycol, constituted 50 % of polyol components. The foam prepared with glycerol shows clearly better useful properties than that one prepared with ethylene glycol, nearly so good as a control one. The results show the possible direction of application of glycerol obtained as a by-product in biofuels' production.
A Fuzzy-Cautious Owa Approach With Evidential Reasoning (2015)

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is to make decisions in the presence of multiple criteria. To make a decision in the framework of MCDM under uncertainty, a novel fuzzy - Cautious OWA with evidential reasoning (FCOWA-ER) approach is proposed in this paper.
Magnetoelectrochemical Chirality in Ag Electrodeposition (2010)

Chiral behaviors of magnetoelectrodeposited Ag film electrodes were investigated for the electrochemical reactions of glucose and cysteine. The Ag films were electrodeposited under a magnetic field of 2 T perpendicular to the electrode surface at various potentials of -0.06~-0.4 V (vs Ag|Ag+). The current-time curves during the electrodeposition and the surface morphology of the films implied that the film growth was considerably affected by the micro-MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) effect. Such Ag films were employed as an electrode, and voltammograms of glucose and cysteine were examined. Chiral behavior was clearly observed as current difference between the enantiomers on the film electrodes prepared at electrodeposition potentials less than -0.1 V. Such electrochemical chirality disappeared after the oxidation and reduction of the surface monolayer, and this fact indicates that the chiral sites must be just on the film surface.
Reference genome-independent assessment of mutation density using restriction enzyme-phased sequencing (2012)

The combination of a simple and cost-effective library construction method, with Illumina sequencing, and the use of a bioinformatic pipeline allows practical SNP discovery regardless of whether a genomic reference is available.
Error spreading: a perception-driven approach to handling error in continuous media streaming (2002)

With the growing popularity of the Internet, there is increasing interest in using it for audio and video transmission. Perceptual studies of audio and video viewing have shown that viewers find bursty losses, mostly caused by congestion, to be the most annoying disturbance, and hence these are critical issues to be addressed for continuous media streaming applications. Classical error handling techniques have mostly been geared toward ensuring that the transmission is correct, with no attention to timeliness. For isochronous traffic like audio and video, timeliness is a key criterion, and given the high degree of content redundancy, some loss of content is quite acceptable. We introduce the concept of error spreading, which is a transformation technique that permutes the input sequence of packets (from a continuous stream of data) before transmission. The packets are unscrambled at the receiving end. The transformation is designed to ensure that bursty losses in the transformed domain get spread all over the sequence in the original domain, thus improving the perceptual quality of the stream. Our error spreading idea deals with both cases where the stream has or does not have inter-frame dependencies. We next describe a continuous media transmission protocol and experimentally validate its performance based on this idea. We also show that our protocol can be used complementary to other error handling protocols.
A Dataset on Malicious Paper Bidding in Peer Review (2023)

In conference peer review, reviewers are often asked to provide “bids” on each submitted paper that express their interest in reviewing that paper. A paper assignment algorithm then uses these bids (along with other data) to compute a high-quality assignment of reviewers to papers. However, this process has been exploited by malicious reviewers who strategically bid in order to unethically manipulate the paper assignment, crucially undermining the peer review process. For example, these reviewers may aim to get assigned to a friend’s paper as part of a quid-pro-quo deal. A critical impediment towards creating and evaluating methods to mitigate this issue is the lack of any publicly-available data on malicious paper bidding. In this work, we collect and publicly release a novel dataset to fill this gap, collected from a mock conference activity where participants were instructed to bid either honestly or maliciously. We further provide a descriptive analysis of the bidding behavior, including our categorization of different strategies employed by participants. Finally, we evaluate the ability of each strategy to manipulate the assignment, and also evaluate the performance of some simple algorithms meant to detect malicious bidding. The performance of these detection algorithms can be taken as a baseline for future research on detecting malicious bidding.
Self-incompatibility: how plants avoid illegitimate offspring. (1994)

In some families of flowering plants, a single self-incompatibility (S) locus prevents the fertilization of flowers by pollen from the same plant. Self-incompatibility of this type involves the interaction of molecules produced by the S locus in pollen with those present in the female tissues (pistil). Until recently, the pistil products of the S locus were known in only two families, the Brassicaceae (which includes the cabbages and mustards) and Solanaceae (potatoes and tomatoes). A paper in this issue of the Proceedings describes the molecules associated with self-incompatibility in a third family, the Papaveraceae (poppies). We review current research on self-incompatibility in these three families and discuss the implications of the latest findings in poppy on the likely evolution of self-incompatibility in flowering plants. We also compare research into self-incompatibility with recent progress in understanding the mechanisms by which plants overcome infection by certain pathogens.
Genome-Wide Haplotype Changes Produced by Artificial Selection during Modern Rice Breeding in Japan (2012)

During the last 90 years, the breeding of rice has delivered cultivars with improved agronomic and economic characteristics. Crossing of different lines and successive artificial selection of progeny based on their phenotypes have changed the chromosomal constitution of the ancestors of modern rice; however, the nature of these changes is unclear. The recent accumulation of data for genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rice has allowed us to investigate the change in haplotype structure and composition. To assess the impact of these changes during modern breeding, we studied 177 Japanese rice accessions, which were categorized into three groups: landraces, improved cultivars developed from 1931 to 1974 (the early breeding phase), and improved cultivars developed from 1975 to 2005 (the late breeding phase). Phylogenetic tree and structure analysis indicated genetic differentiation between non-irrigated (upland) and irrigated (lowland) rice groups as well as genetic structuring within the irrigated rice group that corresponded to the existence of three subgroups. Pedigree analysis revealed that a limited number of landraces and cultivars was used for breeding at the beginning of the period of systematic breeding and that 11 landraces accounted for 70% of the ancestors of the modern improved cultivars. The values for linkage disequilibrium estimated from SNP alleles and the haplotype diversity determined from consecutive alleles in five-SNP windows indicated that haplotype blocks became less diverse over time as a result of the breeding process. A decrease in haplotype diversity, caused by a reduced number of polymorphisms in the haplotype blocks, was observed in several chromosomal regions. However, our results also indicate that new haplotype polymorphisms have been generated across the genome during the breeding process. These findings will facilitate our understanding of the association between particular haplotypes and desirable phenotypes in modern Japanese rice cultivars.
Molecular Alignment of Axially-Symmetric Sheared Polymer Network Liquid Crystals (2006)

An axially-symmetric sheared polymer network liquid crystal (AS-SPNLC) device is demonstrated and its performances characterized. The formation mechanism of the AS-SPNLC is investigated by observing the dynamic pattern change of the structure during the fabrication process. We also analyze the structure from the electro-optic properties and then construct a simulation model to explain the observed phenomena. Several potential applications, such as tunable-focus negative lens and spatial polarization converter, are discussed.
LCT-WAVELET BASED ALGORITHMS FOR DATA COMPRESSION (2013)

We present an algorithm that compresses two-dimensional data, which are piece-wise smooth in one direction and have oscillatory events in the other direction. Fine texture, seismic, hyper-spectral and fingerprints have this mixed structure. The transform part of the compression process is an algorithm that combines the application of the wavelet transform in one direction with the local cosine transform (LCT) in the other direction. This is why it is called hybrid compression. The quantization and the entropy coding parts in the compression process were taken from SPIHT codec but it can also be taken from any multiresolution based codec such as EZW. To efficiently apply the SPIHT codec to a mixed coefficients array, reordering of the LCT coefficients takes place. When oscillating events are present in different directions as in fingerprints or when the image comprises of a fine texture, a 2D LCT with coefficients reordering is applied. These algorithms outperform algorithms that are solely based on the the application of 2D wavelet transforms to each direction with either SPIHT or EZW coding including JPEG2000 compression standard. The proposed algorithms retain fine oscillating events including texture even at a low bitrate. Its compression capabilities are also demonstrated on multimedia images that have a fine texture. The wavelet part in the mixed transform of the hybrid algorithm utilizes the Butterworth wavelet transforms library that outperforms the 9/7 biorthogonal wavelet transform.
Histidine requirement of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fed a low fishmeal‐based diet for maximum growth and protein retention (2021)

A two-phase feeding trial was conducted to estimate the dietary histidine requirement of juvenile and post-juvenile rainbow trout for maximum growth and protein retention. Twelve isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated where diet 1 was an 8% fishmeal basal diet having 0.5% histidine. Histidine was added to diets 2–6 to achieve levels of 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5% histidine respectively. Diets 7–12 were identical to diets 1–6 except for pellet size. In trial 1, fish (4 g) were fed test diets 1–6, and in trial 2, fish (40 g) were fed diets 7–12, to four replicate tanks per diet for 12 weeks. A nutrient digestibility trial was also conducted with trout from trial 2. Growth performance and feed utilization were not significantly influenced by dietary histidine supplementation above the basal diet level in either rainbow trout juveniles or post-juveniles. Supplementation of histidine significantly increased protein and histidine digestibility, and it was lowest in the basal diet group. The highest histidine retention was in the lowest dietary histidine treatment group, and histidine retention progressively decreased at each increase in dietary histidine. In post-juvenile trout, the same pattern was observed except that for the two lowest histidine levels, retention was similar and high. Finally, considering the overall growth and nutrient retention performances, the dietary histidine requirement is relatively higher in post-juvenile trout (>0.6%) rather than juvenile trout (0.6%) under the present experimental conditions.
L-DOPA (2017)

Today we would find it difficult to place ourselves in the position of the physician or the patient prior to the L-DOPA era of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). David Marsden, the eminent British neurologist, neuroscientist and PD researcher of the second half of the last century and an eyewitness to that historical turning point, paints with few brush strokes, as it were, a vivid, telling picture of that period: “... Before the 1960s the clinical features and basic neuropathology of the disorder had been established, anticholinergic drugs and stereotaxic surgery were popular, but the illness progressed relentlessly and was the cause of miserable disability... The discovery of selective striatal dopamine deficiency in the parkinsonian brain in the early 1960s changed everything [ 1 ]”. This paper by Oleh Hornykiewicz recounts the remarkable mixture of science, intrigue and politics behind the author’s work in the 1950s and early 1960s that triggered the modern era of Parkinson’s disease research: the discovery of the dopamine deficit in the brain of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Genetic structure of major depression symptoms across clinical and community cohorts (2023)

Diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder allow for heterogeneous symptom profiles but genetic analysis of major depressive symptoms has the potential to identify clinical and aetiological subtypes. There are several challenges to integrating symptom data from genetically-informative cohorts, such as sample size differences between clinical and community cohorts and various patterns of missing data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of major depressive symptoms in three clinical cohorts that were enriched for affected participants (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Australian Genetics of Depression Study, Generation Scotland) and three community cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Estonian Biobank, and UK Biobank). We fit a series of confirmatory factor models with factors that accounted for how symptom data was sampled and then compared alternative models with different symptom factors. The best fitting model had a distinct factor for <i>Appetite/Weight</i> symptoms and an additional measurement factor that accounted for missing data patterns in the community cohorts (use of Depression and Anhedonia as gating symptoms). The results show the importance of assessing the directionality of symptoms (such as hypersomnia versus insomnia) and of accounting for study and measurement design when meta-analysing genetic association data.
Effects of combined O-G stimulation and hypergravity on eggs of the nematode, Ascaris suum. (1972)

Abstract : The application of O-G simulation by rotation is extended to the development of Ascaris suum. A theoretical discussion of the effect of physically definable forces on the functions of the cell is followed by the explanation of the results during O-G. By the application of high acceleration and immediately following weightlessness or normal 1-G differences in the reorganization of cytoplasmic substances could be possible in accordance with theoretical considerations. Neither differences nor defects were visible in light microscopy. Stratified eggs also show normal development during continued centrifugation; this induces the existence of a still unknown mechanism of regulation in the progressed state of development. (Author)
Probing the electron states and metal-insulator transition mechanisms in molybdenum disulphide vertical heterostructures (2015)

The metal-insulator transition is one of the remarkable electrical properties of atomically thin molybdenum disulphide. Although the theory of electron-electron interactions has been used in modelling the metal-insulator transition in molybdenum disulphide, the underlying mechanism and detailed transition process still remain largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that the vertical metal-insulator-semiconductor heterostructures built from atomically thin molybdenum disulphide are ideal capacitor structures for probing the electron states. The vertical configuration offers the added advantage of eliminating the influence of large impedance at the band tails and allows the observation of fully excited electron states near the surface of molybdenum disulphide over a wide excitation frequency and temperature range. By combining capacitance and transport measurements, we have observed a percolation-type metal-insulator transition, driven by density inhomogeneities of electron states, in monolayer and multilayer molybdenum disulphide. In addition, the valence band of thin molybdenum disulphide layers and their intrinsic properties are accessed.
Spontaneous Remission of Infantile Spasms With Hypsarhythmia (1981)

To the Editor.— Infantile spasms in the first year of life, with hypsarhythmia on EEG, are associated with a high incidence of retardation. 1 A few such patients ultimately have normal intelligence and are free of seizures. The literature suggests that the likelihood of a good prognosis is enhanced by the early institution of therapy with corticotropin, 2-5 particularly in the cryptogenic cases. The case presented here represents classic infantile spasms associated with hypsarhythmia. No medication was used, and a spontaneous remission occurred. Report of a Case.— A 7-month-old boy was first seen in consultation for frequent bursts of typical flexor spasms that had appeared when the patient was 2 months of age, associated with slowing of development. Family history, pregnancy, labor, delivery, patient's history, and patient's development before this were normal. He had had no immunizations. At 5 months of age, while still having the infantile spasms, an
2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Nematodes (2019)

Integrated pest management (IPM) for nematodes requires: 1) determining whether pathogenic nematodes are present within the grove; 2) determining whether population densities of some nematodes are high enough to cause economic loss; and 3) selecting a profitable management option. Attempting to manage nematodes may be unprofitable unless the above procedures are carefully followed. Similarly, some management methods pose risk to people and the environment, therefore it is important to know that their use is justified by the actual conditions in a grove. This 3-page fact sheet is part of the 2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Larry W. Duncan, Joe W. Noling, and Renato N. Inserra, and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department, May 2018. ENY-606/CG010: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Nematodes (ufl.edu)
Molecular Weights of Celluloses and Cellulose Derivates (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Weights of Celluloses and Cellulose DerivatesElmer O. KraemerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1938, 30, 10, 1200–1203Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50346a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50346a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2014Altmetric-Citations647LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
CAGDのための曲線・曲面理論 : 実践的利用法 (1991)

Ｐ．Ｂ´ｅｚｉｅｒ—いかにして簡単なシステムが誕生したか 基礎事項 ド・カステリョのアルゴリズム ベジエ曲線のバーンスタイン表現 ベジエ曲線の話題 多項式補間 ベジエ表現のスプライン曲線 区分３次補間 ３次スプライン補間 Ｂ‐スプライン Ｗ．Ｂｏｅｈｍ—微分幾何学 幾何的連続性 円錐曲線 有理ベジエ曲線と有理Ｂ‐スプライン曲線 テンソル積ベジエ曲面 複合曲面とスプライン補間 ベジエ三角形 曲面の幾何的連続性 クーンズパッチ 平滑化と検査法 いくつかの手法の評価 曲線曲面用語の解説