gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling of a Hydrogel-based Continuum Robotic Arm with Experimental Validation (2020)

Control of robots with soft actuators is still challenging due to the complexity of modeling actuator material dynamics in conjunction with the robot dynamics. In this paper, we introduce a 45-mm-long soft continuum robot with distributed local actuators in the form of cubes composed of a novel temperature-responsive hydrogel, each with an embedded Joule heater. We refer to these as soft voxel actuators (SVAs). We present a dynamical model of this hydrogel-based continuum robot based on Cosserat rod theory. We experimentally identify the relationship between step input voltages applied to the SVAs and their resulting force outputs. In addition, we identify other unknown parameters of the model using vibration tests with the robot. We then numerically solve the Cosserat model and compare simulations of the model to measurements of the robot's tip displacement over time during open-loop control trials in which subsets of the SVAs are actuated. The normalized root-mean-square errors (NRMSEs) between the simulated and experimentally measured displacements are below 10%, which demonstrates the accuracy of the Cosserat model in describing the dynamics of the hydrogel-based continuum robot.
Rigid–flexible coupled dynamic response of steel–concrete bridges on expressways considering vehicle–road–bridge interaction (2019)

Steel–concrete bridges on highways are now widely used, and their dynamic coupling effect is more prominent under heavy vehicles. At present, for the study of vehicle–bridge coupling, it is difficult to reflect the mechanical response characteristics of the bridge pavement because the bridge pavement (road) is often considered as a load. In order to get closer to reality, we use the whole vehicle model and the bridge model to realize the dynamic coupling of highway vehicle–bridge. Moreover, the vehicle model can take into account tire characteristics, such as various linear and nonlinear suspension characteristics, and tire–ground contact characteristics. So, a new vehicle–road–bridge interaction method with higher computational efficiency is proposed. This method can be used not only to analyze the overall mechanical response of bridge structure such as deflection and stress but also to analyze the dynamic characteristics of driving vehicles and the coupling force between tires and pavement and then to analyze the dynamic deformation and stress of asphalt pavement layers on the bridge. First, according to the construction drawings of a steel–concrete bridge on a highway and a Dongfeng brand three-axle vehicle, a vehicle–road–bridge interaction rigid–flexible coupling model was established. Second, the correctness and effectiveness of the vehicle–road–bridge interaction model were verified by field testing. Finally, the dynamic response of the vehicle–road–bridge interaction rigid–flexible coupling model was analyzed.
Importance of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in Colonization of the Adult Mouse Small Intestine by Human EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliStrains (2006)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a significant cause of diarrheal disease and infant mortality in developing countries. Studies of ETEC pathogenesis relevant to vaccine development have been greatly hampered by the lack of a suitable small-animal model of infection with human ETEC strains. Here, we demonstrate that adult immunocompetent outbred mice can be effectively colonized with the prototypical human ETEC H10407 strain (colonization factor antigen I; heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin positive) and that production of heat-labile holotoxin provides a significant advantage in colonization of the small intestine in this model.
The effect of thermal conditioning on high frequency ceramic dielectric insulation (1955)

One of the objectives of the Signal Corps sponsored research program on ceramic dielectrics is to improve the impact resistance of high frequency ceramic dielectric insulation. The fundamentals involved indicated that increasing physical strength and decreasing modulus of elasticity should increase impact resistance, however, an analysis of the available data for these properties indicated that both vary directly. A consideration of the effect of tempering on the strength of glass, and the work of Hummel and Lowery(1) in which they realized an appreciable increase in transverse strength by thermally conditioning a ceramic containing 75% glass and 25% alumina, indicated the possibility that highly crystalline bodies might be effected by thermal conditioning.
Measuring the Autocorrelation Function of Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Density Distribution in Individual Cells Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and a New Deconvolution Algorithm (2017)

Essentially all biological processes are highly dependent on the nanoscale architecture of the cellular components where these processes take place. Statistical measures, such as the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the three-dimensional (3D) mass-density distribution, are widely used to characterize cellular nanostructure. However, conventional methods of reconstruction of the deterministic 3D mass-density distribution, from which these statistical measures can be calculated, have been inadequate for thick biological structures, such as whole cells, due to the conflict between the need for nanoscale resolution and its inverse relationship with thickness after conventional tomographic reconstruction. To tackle the problem, we have developed a robust method to calculate the ACF of the 3D mass-density distribution without tomography. Assuming the biological mass distribution is isotropic, our method allows for accurate statistical characterization of the 3D mass-density distribution by ACF with two data sets: a single projection image by scanning transmission electron microscopy and a thickness map by atomic force microscopy. Here we present validation of the ACF reconstruction algorithm, as well as its application to calculate the statistics of the 3D distribution of mass-density in a region containing the nucleus of an entire mammalian cell. This method may provide important insights into architectural changes that accompany cellular processes.
Current MD forcefields fail to capture key features of protein structure and fluctuations: A case study of cyclophilin A and T4 lysozyme (2020)

Globular proteins undergo thermal fluctuations in solution, while maintaining an overall well-defined folded structure. In particular, studies have shown that the core structure of globular proteins differs in small, but significant ways when they are solved by x-ray crystallography versus solution-based NMR spectroscopy. Given these discrepancies, it is unclear whether molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can accurately recapitulate protein conformations. We therefore perform extensive MD simulations across multiple force fields and sampling techniques to investigate the degree to which computer simulations can capture the ensemble of conformations observed in experiments. By analyzing fluctuations in the atomic coordinates and core packing, we show that conformations sampled in MD simulations both move away from and sample a larger conformational space than the ensemble of structures observed in NMR experiments. However, we find that adding inter-residue distance restraints that match those obtained via Nuclear Overhauser Effect measurements enables the MD simulations to sample more NMR-like conformations, though significant differences between the core packing features in restrained MD and the NMR ensemble remain. Given that the protein structures obtained from the MD simulations possess smaller and less dense protein cores compared to those solved by NMR, we suggest that future improvements to MD forcefields should aim to increase the packing of hydrophobic residues in protein cores.
Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals for Display Application (1988)

Abstract An overview of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) materials, their physical properties, and potential applications in the optic and electrooptic industry is presented. These optoelectronic materials have unique properties which are expected to expand liquid crystal technology into new display and light shutter applications. Recent research by small and large industrial and university laboratories on device physics and chemistry has provided substantial progress towards the commercialization of these materials. Work to date on such features as response times, switching voltage, and contrast as well as material preparation procedures and unique optical characteristics will be reviewed. These materials are also of interest to basic physics because of new kinds of physical phenomena brought on by the confinement of a nematic liquid crystal to small submicron-size droplets. Enhanced surface-to-volume ratio, large nematic deformations and problems associated with molecular anchoring at a polymer wall allow for new studies of surface mediated phenomena.
Mobilities of polyatomic ions in gases: core model (1972)

A core model, consisting of a (12-4) central potential displaced from the origin, is suggested as a representation of the interaction of polyatomic ions with neutral molecules. The diffusion collision integral, which describes ion mobility, is computed and tabulated as a function of temperature and core size. The addition of the core reduces the maximum in the mobility against temperature curve, and eventually reduces the mobility below its polarization limit at all temperatures. These results are in accord with limited available experimental data. Comparison is made with other models of ion-neutral interactions.
Scaling and Self-repair of Linux Based Services Using a Novel Distributed Computing Model Exploiting Parallelism (2011)

This paper describes a prototype implementing a high degree of fault tolerance, reliability and resilience in distributed software systems. The prototype incorporates fault, configuration, accounting, performance and security (FCAPS) management using a signaling network overlay and allows the dynamic control of a set of nodes called Distributed Intelligent Managed Elements (DIMEs) in a network. Each DIME is a computing entity (implemented in Linux and in the future will be ported to Windows) endowed with self-management and signaling capabilities to collaborate with other DIMEs in a network. The prototype incorporates a new computing model proposed by Mikkilineni in 2010, with signaling network overlay over the computing network and allows parallelism in resource monitoring, analysis and reconfiguration. A workflow is implemented as a set of tasks, arranged or organized in a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and executed by a managed network of DIMEs. Distributed DIME networks provide a network computing model to create distributed computing clouds and execute distributed managed workflows with high degree of agility, availability, reliability, performance and security.
The Effects of High-Intensity Exercise on a 10-Second Sprint Cycle Test (2001)

Nine men (25.11 +/- 1.16 years) performed 3 different test sessions. In the control session, subjects performed a 10-second sprint cycle test and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the back squat. The 5-minute test session consisted of 10 x 1 repetition in the parallel back squat exercise at 90% of their 1RM, 5 minutes of rest, and then a 10-second sprint cycle test. The 20-minute test session consisted of the same test protocol as the 5-minute test session except that the subjects rested for 20-minutes prior to the sprint cycle test. Significant differences were found in average power and average power relative to body weight (F = 5.684, p = 0.014, and F = 1.258, p = 0.006, respectively) for the 5-minute test session. The authors conclude that this particular squat protocol could have a potential carry-over effect into improvements in 100-m sprint times when performing the squats 5-minutes prior to performance.
A New Look at Cell-Free Massive MIMO: Making It Practical With Dynamic Cooperation (2019)

This paper takes a new look at Cell-free Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) through the lens of the dynamic cooperation cluster framework from the Network MIMO literature. The purpose is to identify and address scalability issues that appear in prior work. We provide distributed algorithms for initial access, pilot assignment, cluster formation, precoding, and combining that are scalable in the sense of being implementable with arbitrarily many users. Interestingly, the suggested precoding and combining outperform conjugate beamforming and matched filtering, respectively, while also being fully distributed.
Politics Laboratory—1952 (1953)

… I mean that they should not play life, or study it merely, while the community supports them at this expensive game, but earnestly live it from beginning to end. How could youths better learn to live than by at once trying the experiment of living? … If I wished a boy to know something about the arts and sciences, for instance, I would not pursue the common course, which is merely to send him into the neighborhood of some professor, where anything is professed and practised but the art of life; …
Identification of Diphenoxylate as an Antiviral Agent Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (2020)

This is the first report to show that diphenoxylate is highly active against SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 of 1.4 μM, CC50 over 100 μM and selectivity index over 71.4 after screening of 14 diphenyl derivatives. Our results with highly purified solid diphenoxylate confirmatively demonstrate that the viral S protein is reduced in the virus-infected cells in a dose-dependent manner. It could provide insights for antiviral treatment of COVID-19 with diphenoxylate or its chemical derivatives
Activation and in vivo evolution of the MAIT cell transcriptome in mice and humans reveals diverse functionality (2018)

Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are MR1-restricted innate-like T cells conserved across mammalian species, including mice and humans. By sequencing RNA from sorted MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer + cells derived from either human blood or murine lungs, we define the basic transcriptome of an activated MAIT cell in both species and demonstrate how this profile changes during resolution and reinfection phases of infection. We observe strong similarities between MAIT cells in humans and mice. Compared with previously published T cell transcriptomes, MAIT cells displayed most similarity to iNKT cells when activated, but to γδ T cells, after resolution of infection. In both species activation leads to strong expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and also a strong tissue repair signature, recently described in murine commensal-specific H2-M3-restricted T cells. These data define the requirements for, and consequences of, MAIT cell activation, revealing a tissue repair phenotype expressed upon MAIT cell activation in both species.
SecY and integral membrane components of the Escherichia coli protein translocation system (1992)

Genetic approaches can address the question of how integral membrane Sec factors interact with each other and facilitate protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli. This review summarizes genetic analyses of SecY, SecE and some other protein translocation factors, utilizing 'prl' mutations, 'sec' mutations, 'suppressor-directed inactivation', 'Sec titration', dominant negative mutations and their suppressors. Evidence suggests that co-ordinate participation of SecY, SecE, SecD, SecF, and probably some other factors, is crucial for the process.
Determination of Blood Cyanide by HPLC-MS (2002)

An original high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) procedure was developed for the determination of cyanide (CN) in whole blood. After the addition of K13C15N as internal standard, blood was placed in a microdiffusion device, the inner well of which was filled with a mixture of taurine (50mM in water)/naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA, 10mM in methanol)/methanol/ concentrated (approximately 20%) ammonia solution (25:25:45:5, v/v). Concentrated H2SO4 was added to the blood sample, and the microdiffusion chamber was sealed. After 30 min of gentle agitation, 2 microL of the contents of the inner vial were pipetted and directly injected onto a NovaPak C18 HPLC column. Separation was performed by a gradient of acetonitrile in 2mM NH4COOH, pH 3.0 buffer (35-80% in 10 min). Detection was done with a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer with an ionspray interface, operated in the negative ionization mode. MS data were collected as either TIC or SIM at m/z (299 + 191) and (301 + 193) for the derivatives formed with CN and 13C15N, respectively. Inspired by previous works dealing with the complexation of CN by NDA + taurine to form a 1-cyano [f] benzoisoindole derivative analyzed by HPLC-fluorimetry, this method appears simple, rapid, and extremely specific. Limits of detection and quantitation for blood CN are 5 and 15 ng/mL, respectively. The use of 13C15N as internal standard allows the quantitation of CN with elegance and accuracy in comparison with previously reported methods.
Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma responds to rituximab: A report of five cases and a review of the literature (2006)

Optimal treatment of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is yet to be established. We treated five patients, each with either extensive lesions, severe comorbidities or who refused treatment with radiation therapy, with rituximab given as a single agent for four weekly intravenous infusions of 375 mg/m2. Maintenance therapy, if initiated, was given at 375 mg/m2 once every 2 - 3 months. Objective clinical responses occurred in all five patients. Three patients have ongoing complete clinical remissions with a median follow-up of 17, 19 and 39 months post achievement of complete remission. One patient died at age 87 years from a non-related cause after 5.5 years of complete remission. One patient received local radiotherapy to a solitary cutaneous site of large-cell lymphoma that developed after 3 years in remission from the low-grade CBCL; no recurrences of either grade CBCL have yet occurred. Treatment was well tolerated. Rituximab is safe and effective in treating of CBCL, either primary CBCL or low-grade lymphomas with relapses limited to the skin. Rituximab appears to present an attractive alternative when radiation therapy is contraindicated or unwanted. Additional collaborative studies are needed to assess the role of rituximab in various clinicopathologic presentations of CBCL.
Efficient Hybrid‐Type CO2 Adsorbents of Reassembled Layered Double Hydroxide 2D Nanosheets with Polyoxometalate 0D Nanoclusters (2014)

Abstract Porous nanohybrids of cationic Mg‐Al‐LDH 2D nanosheets and anionic polyoxometalate (POM, V 10 O 28 6– and W 7 O 24 6– ) 0D nanoclusters are synthesized by an exfoliation–reassembling process. The electrostatically derived reassembling between two kinds of nanostructures yields a layer‐by‐layer‐ordered intercalation structure with porous structures composed of mesopores and micropores. The hybridization with POM leads to the remarkable enhancement of CO 2 adsorption capacity (adsorptivity) of Mg‐Al‐LDH by about 10‐fold. Of prime importance is that the CO 2 adsorptivity of the nanohybrid is strongly dependent on the type of guest POM species, strongly suggesting that the CO 2 adsorptivity of the LDH‐based nanohybrid materials can be optimized by ones selection of guest species. The present study clearly demonstrates that the exfoliation–reassembling method is quite effective at enabling synthesis of new LDH nanosheet‐based hybrid materials with improved CO 2 adsorption capabilities.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Aerobic Annulation of o-Alkenylanilines and Alkynes for Quinoline Synthesis (2016)

A new approach to construct 2,3-disubstituted quinolines is described via Pd-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of o-vinylanilines and alkynes with molecular oxygen. This transformation is supposed to undergo intermolecular amination of alkyne, insertion of the olefin, and oxidative cleavage of C-C bond sequence.
A respiratory challenge model for infection with Bordetella pertussis: application in the assessment of pertussis vaccine potency and in defining the mechanism of protective immunity. (1998)

The evaluation of vaccines for human use usually requires the development of appropriate animal models and the definition of laboratory correlates of immunity. Traditionally whole cell pertussis vaccines have been controlled by using an active mouse protection test, which measures protection following intracerebral challenge with Bordetella pertussis. However, this test is unsuitable for assessing the potency of the new generation acellular pertussis vaccines. In the present study we demonstrate that a murine respiratory challenge model for infection with B. pertussis is suitable for assessing the potency of acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines. To allow standardization of different vaccines we have expressed the area under the clearance curve for immunized mice as a ratio of that for non-immunized controls to obtain a potency index. A comparison of estimated vaccine efficacy in children with potency in the murine model results in a highly significant correlation (r = 0.976, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we have used this model to define the protective mechanism of immunity against respiratory infection with B. pertussis and demonstrate a requirement for both specific T and B cells. In accordance with studies in humans, no clear relationship was observed between monotypic serum antibody responses against the putative protective antigens of B. pertussis and protection. In contrast, the most potent protection was observed when the T cell response is polarized to the Th1 subtype.