gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion and neutral inertial effects in inductively coupled plasmas (1995)

Summary form only given. Inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are currently being investigated as high plasma density (>10/sup 11/-10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/), low gas pressure (<10-20 mTorr) sources for semiconductor etching and deposition. Development of models for these devices has been challenging due to neutral and ion transport being in a transition regime between continuum and molecular flow. A 2-dimensional (r,z) hybrid model has previously been developed to study ICP sources. The simulation consists of an electromagnetic module, an electron Monte Carlo simulation, and a fluid-chemical kinetics simulation; and offline hydrodynamic and plasma chemistry Monte Carlo simulations. In the parameter space of interest, inertial effects, momentum transfer between advectively hot ions and neutrals, and jetting of input gases is expected to be important. In this work, we have improved upon the fluid-chemical kinetics simulation by including ion and neutral momentum equations for all species. In doing so, time dependent and inertial transport effects are included. Momentum transfer collisions between all heavy species (neutral-neutral, neutral-ion, ion-ion) are accounted for. The advective flow field is established by specifying flow rates at the input and output ports as part ofthe boundary conditions. The output flow is dynamically adjusted to keep the average pressure in the reactor constant.
Congenital Narrowing of a Pulmonary Vein: Slit‐like Pulmonary Vein Ostium (2011)

We report the case of a 60-year-old female with a history of refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Preablation contrast enhanced pulmonary vein computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a slit-like narrowing of the left inferior pulmonary vein ostium. The narrowing measured approximately 3 mm, with poststenotic dilation. The patient had no prior history of ablation. The patient subsequently underwent segmental antral isolation of all four pulmonary veins and cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation with bidirectional block. The diagnosis of preexisting congenital pulmonary vein stenosis had an impact on the type of ablation procedure performed (antral rather than ostial) and will affect the interpretation of postablation CT scans.
Electromagnetic computation and modeling in MRI (2017)

Electromagnetic (EM) computational modeling is used extensively during the development of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner, its installation, and use. MRI, which relies on interactions between nuclear magnetic moments and the applied magnetic fields, uses a range of EM tools to optimize all of the magnetic fields required to produce the image. The main field magnet is designed to exacting specifications but challenges in manufacturing, installation, and use require additional tools to maintain target operational performance. The gradient magnetic fields, which provide the primary signal localization mechanism, are designed under another set of complex design trade-offs which include conflicting imaging performance specifications and patient physiology. Gradients are largely impervious to external influences, but are also used to enhance main field operational performance. The radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields, which are used to elicit the signals fundamental to the MR image, are a challenge to optimize for a host of reasons that include patient safety, image quality, cost optimization, and secondary signal localization capabilities. This review outlines these issues and the EM modeling used to optimize MRI system performance.
View-Synchronized Robotic Image-Guided Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2007)

This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of an emerging paradigm for atrial fibrillation ablation involving the confluence of 3 technologies: 3-dimensional imaging, electroanatomic mapping, and remote robotic navigation.
Synthesis of 9-Substituted Sialic Acids as Probes for CD22-Ligand Interactions on B Cells (2007)

As a member of the sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) family, the B cell protein CD22 binds to NeuAcα2-6Gal terminated glycans of glycoproteins on the same cell (in cis) and on adjacent cells (in trans). As a route to develop ligands with altered biological properties, sialic acid analogs with C-9 substitutions were efficiently synthesized from 9-azido-NeuAc, which was obtained in two steps in 65% overall yield from neuraminic acid. 9-Substituted sialic acid analogs were incorporated into cell surface glycoproteins of B cells via the normal cellular biosynthetic pathway, providing unique approaches for the study of CD22-ligand interaction, including in situ photoaffinity crossliking to cis ligands, and modulating the binding affinity with both cis and trans ligands in the cellular context.
Uso de galgas extensiométricas para obtener la fuerza de apriete entornillo autorroscante (2007)

Se describe cómo a través de la instrumentación de galgas extensiométricas en tornillos autorroscantes, se logra determinar la tensión generada en el tornillo al momento de aplicar en éste el par torsional. Esto se lleva acabo a través de pruebas de laboratorio, en las cuales se utilizaron tres tipos de acero en la placa en la que el tornillo autorroscante generó su cuerda, acero SAE 1018, SAE 1045 y SAE 1060.Al realizar cada prueba se obtiene la gráfica partorsional-ángulo y tensión-par torsional, las cuales muestran el comportamiento mecánico del ensamble en función de cada tipo de acero.Al desarrollar las pruebas y obtener las gráficas,es posible determinar ventajas y desventajas al utilizar galgas extensiométricas en tornillos autorroscantes, se obtiene la tensión en el tornillo y se determinan las variables del ensamble que más afectan la fuerza de tensiónen éste. Con todo esto se logra proveer la fuerza de apriete necesaria para el óptimo desempeño del ensamble, especialmente en uniones críticas.
Proteogenomic Analysis of Burkholderia Species Strains 25 and 46 Isolated from Uraniferous Soils Reveals Multiple Mechanisms to Cope with Uranium Stress (2018)

Two <i>Burkholderia</i> spp. (strains SRS-25 and SRS-46) were isolated from high concentrations of uranium (U) from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-managed Savannah River Site (SRS). SRS contains soil gradients that remain co-contaminated by heavy metals from previous nuclear weapons production activities. Uranium (U) is one of the dominant contaminants within the SRS impacted soils, which can be microbially transformed into less toxic forms. We established microcosms containing strains SRS-25 and SRS-46 spiked with U and evaluated the microbially-mediated depletion with concomitant genomic and proteomic analysis. Both strains showed a rapid depletion of U; draft genome sequences revealed SRS-25 genome to be of approximately 8,152,324 bp, a G + C content of 66.5, containing a total 7604 coding sequences with 77 total RNA genes. Similarly, strain SRS-46 contained a genome size of 8,587,429 bp with a G + C content of 67.1, 7895 coding sequences, with 73 total RNA genes, respectively. An in-depth, genome-wide comparisons between strains 25, 46 and a previously isolated strain from our research (<i>Burkholderia</i> sp. strain SRS-W-2-2016), revealed a common pool of 3128 genes; many were found to be homologues to previously characterized metal resistance genes (e.g., for cadmium, cobalt, and zinc), as well as for transporter, stress/detoxification, cytochromes, and drug resistance functions. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of strains with or without U stress, revealed the increased expression of 34 proteins from strain SRS-25 and 52 proteins from strain SRS-46; similar to the genomic analyses, many of these proteins have previously been shown to function in stress response, DNA repair, protein biosynthesis and metabolism. Overall, this comparative proteogenomics study confirms the repertoire of metabolic and stress response functions likely rendering the ecological competitiveness to the isolated strains for colonization and survival in the heavy metals contaminated SRS soil habitat.
32.3: New Electron Gun For 41cm Color Display Tube (2000)

Abstract We have developed a new electron gun (PX gun) for 41cm color display tube. This electron gun achieves 32% decrease of number of parts, and 25% reduction of the cost with improvement of focus performance. This gun adopts the single Dynamic‐Beam‐Forming system (single DBF), a bi‐potential focus lens, new triode, optimizing G2‐G3 dimension to reduce the influence of assembly accuracy, optimum side‐beam‐trajectory system, and a new main lens.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8aα‐Octahydro‐4aβ,8α‐dimethyl‐2(1H)‐naphthaleno# nes from the Wieland‐Miescher Ketone. (1990)

Abstract Various synthetic pathways for the conversion of the bicyclic enedione (I) into the formyl enone (XII) or related compounds are tested.
Epidemiological Aspects of Head and Neck Cancers in a Group of Iranian Population (2010)

Statement of Problem: Head and neck cancers occur in a wide variety of tissue types and sites, resulting in a complex range of malignancies cared by physicians in multiple specialties. Epidemiologic aspects of head and neck cancer in Iran have not been studied adequately. Purpose: The aim of this study was to represent epidemiological aspects of head and neck cancers in Kerman province in Iran. Materials and Method: In this retrospective epidemiological study, a total of 2211 cases of head and neck cancers were diagnosed in period 11-year. Data on all malignant head and neck cancers were included in this study. Information was obtained from the records of the 18 departments of histopathology in Kerman province. Results: The five most common sites were skin of the head and neck (46.81%), lymph nodes of head and neck (13.98%), larynx (13.48%), oral cavity and pharynx (12.21%), and thyroid (6.20%). Paranasal sinuses were the least common. The incidence rate of head and neck cancers was 10.12/100000 cases. Conclusion: Geographical or regional variations in the prevalence of head and neck cancer indicate that the socio-cultural lifestyles of a population play an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis. This study showed that the incidence rate of head and neck cancers was lower than that in many other countries. However, comparison between our findings with some other studies shows a relation consistency.
Neuroregenerative Mechanisms of Allopregnanolone in Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

The proliferative pool and regenerative potential of neural stem cells diminishes with age, a phenomenon that may be exacerbated in prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. In parallel, the neuroactive progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone (APα), along with a host of other factors, is decreased in the AD brain. Results of preclinical analyses demonstrate that APα is a potent inducer of neural progenitor proliferation of both rodent and human derived neural progenitor cells in vitro. In vivo, APα significantly increased neurogenesis within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the 3xTgAD mouse model. Functionally, APα reversed the learning and memory deficits of 3xTgAD mice prior to and following the onset of AD pathology and was comparably efficacious in aged normal mice. In addition to inducing regenerative responses in mouse models of AD, APα significantly reduced beta-amyloid burden, beta-amyloid binding alcohol dehydrogenase load, and microglial activation. In parallel, APα increased markers of white matter generation and cholesterol homeostasis. Analyses to determine the optimal treatment regimen in the 3xTgAD mouse brain indicated that a treatment regimen of APα once per week was optimal for both inducing neurogenesis and reducing AD pathology. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that APα is rapidly increased in both plasma and brain following a single dose. APα is most efficacious when administered once per week which will contribute to its margin of safety. Further, analyses in both animals and humans have provided parameters for safe APα dosage exposure in humans. From a translational perspective, APα is a small molecular weight, blood brain barrier penetrant molecule with substantial preclinical efficacy data as a potential Alzheimer's therapeutic with existing safety data in animals and humans. To our knowledge, APα is the only small molecule that both promotes neural progenitor regeneration in brain and simultaneously reduces AD pathology burden.
Comparative Gene Expression Profiling between a Generic (M356) and Brand Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate injection) (P1.144) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the evaluation of biological equivalence of M356 and Copaxone® by using gene expression profiling studies in T cells using microarrays. BACKGROUND: M356 is being developed by Momenta and Sandoz as a generic version of Copaxone® for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and is under FDA review (as of October 2014). Equivalence between M356 and Copaxone® was evaluated using a comprehensive set of physicochemical (structural) and biological assays. DESIGN/METHODS: Gene expression changes induced by multiple lots of M356, Copaxone®, and a glatiramoid copolymer (negative control) related to media were examined on murine glatiramer acetate-specific T cells using Agilent 4x44k gene expression microarrays (24,263 different genes). Differences among treatment groups were examined by univariate methods (Student’s t-test; ANOVA) as well as by multivariate methods (principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling) accompanied by the appropriate permutation controls for false positives. In addition, discriminating genes were subjected to gene set enrichment analysis and the level of expression change was examined using T-helper Cell Differentiation Canonical Pathway from Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS: As expected, glatiramer acetate primarily induced Th2-polarized cell expansion and related expression changes, whereas media alone did not. M356 and Copaxone® exhibited similar levels of change in all Th2-relevant transcripts, while the negative control glatiramoid copolymer exhibited significantly different gene expression changes for IL-3 and IL-4 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The biologic equivalence of M356 and Copaxone® was demonstrated across gene regulatory effects on T cells. These results were supportive of and consistent with results from a larger biocharacterization program, which consisted of multiple complementary molecular, cell-based, and in vivo assays across relevant biologic activities of glatiramer acetate.
RLS-grappa: Reconstructing parallel MRI data with adaptive filters (2008)

GRAPPA is one of the predominant methods used to reconstruct accelerated parallel MRI data. In has been shown previously that spatially varying the GRAPPA reconstruction coefficients can be advantageous. A significant problem with these approaches, however, is an increase in computation time due to an increase in the number of linear system solves needed. Here, we leverage the fact that these systems vary slowly over the coordinate space and employ recursive adaptive filters in place of explicit system solves. This approach produces high quality spatially variant GRAPPA reconstructions with a computation time comparable to standard GRAPPA.
Functionalized nanohybrid materials obtained from the interlayer grafting of aminoalcohols on kaolinite (2007)

New robust functionalized nanohybrid materials were prepared by the interlayer covalent attachment of aminoalcohols to the octahedral sheets of kaolinite.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride‐Based Electrolyte Composite for Li‐Ion Battery Operation from Room Temperature to 150 °C (2016)

Batteries for high temperature applications capable of withstanding over 60 °C are still dominated by primary cells. Conventional rechargeable energy storage technologies which have exceptional performance at ambient temperatures employ volatile electrolytes and soft separators, resulting in catastrophic failure under heat. A composite electrolyte/separator is reported that holds the key to extend the capability of Li‐ion batteries to high temperatures. A stoichiometric mixture of hexagonal boron nitride, piperidinium‐based ionic liquid, and a lithium salt is formulated, with ionic conductivity reaching 3 mS cm −1 , electrochemical stability up to 5 V and extended thermal stability. The composite is used in combination with conventional electrodes and demonstrates to be stable for over 600 cycles at 120 °C, with a total capacity fade of less than 3%. The ease of formulation along with superior thermal and electrochemical stability of this system extends the use of Li‐ion chemistries to applications beyond consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
Genetic Algorithm with Multi-Parent Crossover for cooperative spectrum sensing (2015)

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology aims to reuse the underutilized frequency spectrum by creating new radio access opportunities. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is proposed to allow multiple secondary users (SUs) to scan the spectrum and verify the existence of primary user (PU). The sensing information of PU is sent by the collaborated SUs to a common fusion center to combine all the data and make a final decision on PU availability. Data aggregation is made by two different schemes, namely soft detection fusion (SDF) and OR-logic hard detection fusion (OR-HDF). In this paper, a new Genetic Algorithm with Multi-Parent Crossover-based SDF scheme (GA-MPC) is proposed and its performance is compared with that of Standard Genetic Algorithm based-SDF scheme (SGA). Computer results show that the GA-MPC outperforms SGA in terms of convergence performance and stability. Furthermore, GA-MPC outperforms SGA, other SDF schemes and the OR-HDF scheme as it can achieve greater detection probability given a probability of false alarm.
A randomized clinical trial of energy conservation for patients with cancer‐related fatigue (2004)

Individuals who received the ECAM intervention derived a modest but significant benefit from it. To achieve a more robust clinical benefit from the intervention, it may be necessary to manage other key symptoms in addition to fatigue. Research is needed to examine symptom clusters or combinations associated with negative outcomes as well as combination strategies for symptom management.
Efficient routing schemes for multiple broadcasts in hypercubes (1993)

The authors analyze the problem in which each node of the binary hypercube independently generates packets according to a Poisson process with rate lambda ; each of the packets is to be broadcast to all other nodes. Assuming unit packet length and no other communications taking place, it is observed that the system can be stable in steady-state only if the load factor rho identical to lambda (2/sup d/-1)/d satisfies rho <1 where d is the dimensionality (diameter) of the hypercube. Moreover, the authors establish some lower bounds for the steady-state average delay D per packet and devise and analyze two distributed routing schemes that are efficient in the sense that stability is maintained for all rho < rho * where rho * does not depend on the dimensionality d of the network, while the average delay D per packet satisfies D<or=Kd(1+ rho ) for small values of rho (with constant K). The performance evaluation is rigorous for one scheme, while for the other the authors resort to approximations and simulations.<<ETX>>
PAR2 Modulators Derived from GB88 (2016)

PAR2 antagonists have potential for treating inflammatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, and metabolic disorders, but few antagonists are known. Derivatives of GB88 (<b>3</b>) suggest that all four of its components bind at distinct PAR2 sites with the isoxazole, cyclohexylalanine, and isoleucine determining affinity and selectivity, while the C-terminal substituent determines agonist/antagonist function. Here we report structurally similar PAR2 ligands with opposing functions (agonist vs antagonist) upon binding to PAR2. A biased ligand AY117 (<b>65</b>) was found to antagonize calcium release induced by PAR2 agonists trypsin and hexapeptide 2f-LIGRLO-NH<sub>2</sub> (IC<sub>50</sub> 2.2 and 0.7 μM, HT29 cells), but it was a selective PAR2 agonist in inhibiting cAMP stimulation and activating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. It showed anti-inflammatory properties both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
State of the art technologies for front-end hybrids (2007)

The front-end hybrids for solid state and gas detectors will be crucial components of the next generation particle detectors. Requirements such as high-density and high-speed interconnects, low mass, radiation resistance, high-current and high-power dissipation capabilities are examples of the challenges to be solved concurrently. The technologies for front-end hybrids developed at CERN are presented and future possibilities such as embedding active and passive circuits are described. Comments are made concerning the ability to use these technologies for large scale production by industry.
Common Genetic Variation Near the Phospholamban Gene Is Associated with Cardiac Repolarisation: Meta-Analysis of Three Genome-Wide Association Studies (2009)

To identify loci affecting the electrocardiographic QT interval, a measure of cardiac repolarisation associated with risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, we conducted a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including 3,558 subjects from the TwinsUK and BRIGHT cohorts in the UK and the DCCT/EDIC cohort from North America. Five loci were significantly associated with QT interval at P<1x10(-6). To validate these findings we performed an in silico comparison with data from two QT consortia: QTSCD (n = 15,842) and QTGEN (n = 13,685). Analysis confirmed the association between common variants near NOS1AP (P = 1.4x10(-83)) and the phospholamban (PLN) gene (P = 1.9x10(-29)). The most associated SNP near NOS1AP (rs12143842) explains 0.82% variance; the SNP near PLN (rs11153730) explains 0.74% variance of QT interval duration. We found no evidence for interaction between these two SNPs (P = 0.99). PLN is a key regulator of cardiac diastolic function and is involved in regulating intracellular calcium cycling, it has only recently been identified as a susceptibility locus for QT interval. These data offer further mechanistic insights into genetic influence on the QT interval which may predispose to life threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.