gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Activator of G-protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) with LKB1, a Serine/Threonine Kinase Involved in Cell Polarity and Cell Cycle Progression (2003)

Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3) has a modular domain structure consisting of seven tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs. Each GPR motif binds to the alpha subunit of Gi/Go (Gialpha > Goalpha) stabilizing the GDP-bound conformation of Galpha and apparently competing with Gbetagamma for GalphaGDP binding. As an initial approach to identify regulatory mechanisms for AGS3-G-protein interactions, a yeast two-hybrid screen was initiated using the TPR and linker region of AGS3 as bait. This screen identified the serine/threonine kinase LKB1, which is involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and polarity. Protein interaction assays in mammalian systems using transfected cells or brain lysate indicated the regulated formation of a protein complex consisting of LKB1, AGS3, and G-proteins. The interaction between AGS3 and LKB1 was also observed with orthologous proteins in Drosophila where both proteins are involved in cell polarity. LKB1 immunoprecipitates from COS7 cells transfected with LKB1 phosphorylated the GPR domains of AGS3 and the related protein LGN but not the AGS3-TPR domain. GPR domain phosphorylation was completely blocked by a consensus GPR motif peptide, and placement of a phosphate moiety within a consensus GPR motif reduced the ability of the peptide to interact with G-proteins. These data suggest that phosphorylation of GPR domains may be a general mechanism regulating the interaction of GPR-containing proteins with G-proteins. Such a mechanism may be of particular note in regard to localized signal processing in the plasma membrane involving G-protein subunits and/or intracellular functions regulated by heterotrimeric G-proteins that occur independently of a typical G-protein-coupled receptor.
Influence of glyphosate on selected plant processes (1983)

Summary Biochemical effects of glyphosate have been examined with a variety of plant materials using mostly merislematic or actively growing tissues. The accumulation of chlorophyll was severely retarded and photosynthetic CO 2 uptake was inhibited to a lesser extent. These inhibitory effects could not be alleviated by the simultaneous admixture of divalent cations. Glyphosate enhanced the initial substrate‐induction of nitrate reductase, but repressed induction of nitrite reductase, in Ihe latter case correlating with both inhibition of chlorophyll accumulation and CO 2 uptake. Inhibition of macromolecule synthesis in single node buds of Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. was due partly to inhibition of 14 C‐precursor uptake. The specific activity of soluble acid phosphatase was enhanced as was the evolution of ethane. Ethylene production was not greatly affected. A marked decrease in microsomal protein was observed but the specific activities of several microsomal enzymes did not decline. Glyphosate had little inhibitory effect on the activity of microsomal ATPases in vitro.
Implementation of standard quantum error-correction codes for solid-state qubits (2013)

In quantum error-correcting code (QECC), many quantum operations and measurements are necessary to correct errors in logical qubits. In the stabilizer formalism, which is widely used in QECC, generators ${G}_{i}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}(i=1,2,...)$ consist of multiples of Pauli matrices and perform encoding, decoding, and measurement. In order to maintain encoding states, the stabilizer Hamiltonian ${H}_{\mathrm{stab}}=\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sum}}_{i}{G}_{i}$ is suitable because its ground state corresponds to the code space. On the other hand, Hamiltonians of most solid-state qubits have two-body interactions and show their own dynamics. In addition solid-state qubits are fixed on substrate and qubit-qubit operation is restricted in their neighborhood. The main purpose of this paper is to show how to directly generate the stabilizer Hamiltonian ${H}_{\mathrm{stab}}$ from conventional two-body Hamiltonians with Ising interaction and $XY$ interaction by applying a pulse control method such as an NMR technique. We show that generation times of ${H}_{\mathrm{stab}}$ for nine-qubit code, five-qubit code, and Steane code are estimated to be less than 300 ns when typical experimental data of superconducting qubits are used, and sufficient pulse control is assumed. We also show how to prepare encoded states from an initial state $|0,...,0\ensuremath{\rangle}$. In addition, we discuss an appropriate arrangement of two- or three-dimensional arrayed qubits.
Towards sustainable synthesis of pyren-1-yl azoliums via electrochemical oxidative C–N coupling (2015)

Synthesis of pyren-1-yl azoliums<italic>via</italic>electrooxidative C–N coupling of pyrene with azoles is optimized with the aim to reduce waste and simplify the experimental setup.
Translational screening platform to evaluate chemotherapy in combination with focal therapy for retinoblastoma (2023)

Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric eye cancer. It is currently treated with a limited number of drugs, adapted from other pediatric cancer treatments. Drug toxicity and relapse of the disease warrant new therapeutic strategies for these young patients. In this study, we developed a robust tumoroid-based platform to test chemotherapeutic agents in combination with focal therapy (thermotherapy) - a treatment option widely used in clinical practice - in accordance with clinically relevant trial protocols. The model consists of matrix-embedded tumoroids that retain retinoblastoma features and respond to repeated chemotherapeutic drug exposure similarly to advanced clinical cases. Moreover, the screening platform includes a diode laser (810 nm, 0.3 W) to selectively heat the tumoroids, combined with an on-line system to monitor the intratumoral and surrounding temperatures. This allows the reproduction of the clinical settings of thermotherapy and combined chemothermotherapy treatments. When testing the two main drugs currently used in clinics to treat retinoblastoma in our model, we observed results similar to those clinically obtained, validating the utility of the model. This screening platform is the first system to accurately reproduce clinically relevant treatment methods and should lead to the identification of more efficient drugs to treat retinoblastoma.
Role of C: Zr stoichiometry in the formation of a nanocrystalline structure and magnetic properties in Fe87-x Zr13Cx films (2006)

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the structure of as-sputtered and annealed Fe-13 at. % Zr-C films, which were produced by reactive magnetron sputtering and characterized by stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric (with respect to ZrC) at. % C to at. % Zr ratios. A special packet of programs was used to resolve wide reflections observed in X-ray diffraction patterns of the films. The as-sputtered films of all compositions were found to be amorphous in terms of X-ray diffraction. The thermal stability of the amorphous phase increases as the C: Zr ratio in the films departs from the stoichiometric ratio (1: 1) characteristic of the monocarbide ZrC. Annealing leads to the formation of a mixed (amorphous + nanocrystalline) structure. Depending on the carbon content and annealing temperature, the phase composition of the films is represented by different combinations of phases, such as bcc α-Fe (the basis phase), fcc ZrC, monoclinic Fe2C, monoclinic Fe2.5C, orthorhombic Fe3C, and Fe23Zr6. After annealing at 550°C, the best magnetic properties are characteristic of the films having the stoichiometric composition with respect to ZrC (at. % C: at. % Zr ∼ 1).
[A microstructural approach to fatigue crack processes in poly crystalline BCC materials]. Progress report (1992)

Objective was to study fatigue where a combination of low temperature and cyclic loading produced cyclic cleavage in bcc Fe-base systems. Both dislocation dynamics and quasi-statics of crack growth were probed. This document reviews progress over the past 6 years: hydrogen embrittlement and cleavage, computations (stress near crack tip), dislocation emission from grain boundaries, fracture process zones, and understanding brittle fracture at the atomistic/dislocation scales and at the microscopic/macroscopic scale.
Caveolin-1 as a Novel Indicator of Wound-Healing Capacity in Aged Human Corneal Epithelium (2010)

Excess caveolin-1 has been reported to play a role in age-dependent hyporesponsiveness to growth factors in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesized that caveolin-1-dependent hyporesponsiveness to growth factors in aged corneal epithelial cells might be responsible for delayed wound healing in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated corneal wound-healing time by vital staining using fluorescein after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). We compared wound-healing times in young, middle-aged and elderly patients. We also examined caveolin-1 levels and other aging markers, such as p53 and p21, in the corneal epithelium. Elderly patients generally had higher caveolin-1 levels in the corneal epithelia than young patients. There were, however, variations among individuals with increased caveolin-1 in some young patients and decreased levels in some elderly patients. Wound-healing time after LASEK correlated well with the corneal caveolin-1 status. Therefore, we suggest that caveolin-1 status might be responsible for delayed wound healing in elderly patients after LASEK. Caveolin-1 status might be a regulator for wound-healing capacity and a novel target for in vivo adjustment.
DoS and DDoS attacks in Software Defined Networks: A survey of existing solutions and research challenges (2021)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm where forwarding hardware is decoupled from control decisions. It promises to dramatically simplify network management and enable innovation and evolution. In SDN, network intelligence is logically centralized in software-based controllers (the control plane), while network devices (OpenFlow Switches) become simple packet-forwarding devices (the data plane) that can be programmed via an open interface (OpenFlow protocol). Such decoupling of the control plane from the data plane introduces various challenges that include security, reliability, load balancing, and traffic engineering. Dreadful security challenges in SDNs are denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. For instance, in SDNs, DoS/DDoS attacks could flood the control plane, the data plane, or the communication channel. Attacking the control plane could result in failure of the entire network, while attacking the data plane or the communication channel results in packet drop and network unavailability. In this paper we deliver several contributions that shed light on the field of DoS/DDoS attacks in SDNs, providing a complete background about the area, including attacks and analysis of the existing solutions. In particular, our contributions can be summarized as follow: we review and systematize the state-of-the-art solutions that address both DoS and DDoS attacks in SDNs through the lenses of intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. Moreover, the discussed countermeasures are organized accordingly to their focus, be it on detection, mitigation, prevention, or graceful degradation. Further, we survey the different approaches and tools adopted to implement the revised solutions. Finally, we also highlight possible future research directions to address DoS/DDoS attacks in SDNs.
Der Isotopieeffekt bei der elektrolytischen Wanderung von Li-Ionen in geschmolzenem Lithiumnitrat (1956)

Durch Elektrolyse von geschmolzenem Lithiumnitrat wurde an der Anode 7 Li im Verhältnis zu 6 Li angereichert. Die relative Differenz der elektrolytischen Wanderungsgeschwindigkeiten dieser beiden Isotope ergab sich zu 0,77%. Der Masseneffekt beträgt also μ = — (0,050 ± 0,013) (95% Wahrscheinlichkeit). Der Masseneffekt ist größer als derjenige, welcher bei der Wanderung der K-Ionen in geschmolzenem Kaliumnitrat gefunden wurde 1 . Der Grund dafür wird diskutiert.
K-ras Mutation Targeted to Gastric Tissue Progenitor Cells Results in Chronic Inflammation, an Altered Microenvironment, and Progression to Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2010)

Chronic infectious diseases, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, can promote cancer in a large part through induction of chronic inflammation. Oncogenic K-ras mutation in epithelial cells activates inflammatory pathways, which could compensate for a lack of infectious stimulus. Gastric histopathology and putative progenitor markers [doublecortin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like 1 (Dcamkl1) and keratin 19 (K19)] in K19-K-ras-V12 (K19-kras) transgenic mice were assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of age, in comparison with Helicobacter felis-infected wild-type littermates. Inflammation was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR of proinflammatory cytokines, and K19-kras mice were transplanted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled bone marrow. Both H. felis infection and K-ras mutation induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, expansion of Dcamkl1(+) cells, and progression to oxyntic atrophy, metaplasia, hyperplasia, and high-grade dysplasia. K19-kras transgenic mice uniquely displayed mucous metaplasia as early as 3 months and progressed to high-grade dysplasia and invasive intramucosal carcinoma by 20 months. In bone marrow-transplanted K19-kras mice that progressed to dysplasia, a large proportion of stromal cells were GFP(+) and bone marrow-derived, but only rare GFP(+) epithelial cells were observed. GFP(+) bone marrow-derived cells included leukocytes and CD45(-) stromal cells that expressed vimentin or α smooth muscle actin and were often found surrounding clusters of Dcamkl1(+) cells at the base of gastric glands. In conclusion, the expression of mutant K-ras in K19(+) gastric epithelial cells can induce chronic inflammation and promote the development of dysplasia.
The Chemistry of Sapphire Nitridation in Relation to the GaN Structural Quality: Why Low Temperature 200 °C Nitridation? (2001)

The effect of c-plane sapphire nitridation upon exposure to a rf N2 plasma at temperatures in the range 100–700 °C on the quality of GaN epilayers grown by MBE is investigated. A homogeneous AlN layer is formed at 200 °C. Nitridation at higher temperatures causes rough and non-homogeneous nitridated layer including both AlN and NO. Lowering the nitridation temperature to 200 °C results in the improvement of the GaN structural and photoluminescence properties. The results are interpreted in the framework of a chemical model based on the competition between formation of AlN and NO whose adsorption/desorption equilibrium on the sapphire surface strongly depends on temperature.
Synthesis of dibenzocycloketones by acyl radical cyclization from aromatic carboxylic acids using methylene blue as a photocatalyst (2019)

An efficient intramolecular radical cyclization reaction <italic>via</italic> photoredox catalysis was developed for the synthesis of dibenzocycloketone derivatives using methylene blue as a photosensitizer.
Physical mechanisms for short channel effects in polysilicon thin films transistors (2003)

It is demonstrated that channel avalanched multiplication is the dominant mechanism giving rise to short-channel threshold shifts in n- and p-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) at moderate or high drain bias. The effects are greater in nMOS TFTs than pMOS due to the higher ionization rates for electrons in comparison to holes. At low drain bias, a charge sharing mechanism dominates and p-channel devices show greater threshold shifts. Device design parameters such as gate oxide or active island thickness have little influence, and the most effective method for reducing the threshold shifts is to reduce the supply voltage. When the supply voltage is scaled to maintain a fixed minimum threshold voltage, CMOS circuit speeds decrease at shorter gate lengths when a fixed capacitive load is driven, although in more complex circuits the speed improves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Telop character extraction from video data (2002)

We introduce a telop character extraction method that consists of two steps: detecting a telop frame from a video sequence; and extracting telop character regions in the telop frame. Frames in which telops appear and disappear are detected regardless of background movement in the video sequence by selecting frames that have large intensity histogram differences from the previous frames and have large agreement in edge pixel positions with the subsequent frames. By segmenting the color space in a sequential manner, the method then quickly segments the detected telop frames without deteriorating segmentation results. It then filters out non-telop character regions obtained from the segmentation by using color, location, size and temporal movement features of the regions. We implement the proposed method on a PC and a workstation, and confirm that it can process live broadcast video data very effectively.
Concomitant Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines in the Outpatient Setting (2018)

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The ribosome inhibiting protein riproximin shows antineoplastic activity in experimental pancreatic cancer liver metastasis (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the poorest prognoses of all malignancy types. To improve the survival of patients with PDAC, the development of novel anticancer agents is warranted. Riproximin (Rpx) is a newly identified plant lectin, which was isolated from <i>Ximenia americana</i>. The ribosome inactivating protein of type II exhibits potent anticancer activity as recently demonstrated. The rat PDAC cell line ASML was used for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. The antiproliferative effect of Rpx was assessed using an MTT assay. The modulation of proteins involved in apoptosis was evaluated using western blotting. Tumor-bearing nude rats were treated with Rpx, gemcitabine (GEM) or dinaline (DIN) as single agents, or a combination of Rpx with GEM, or DIN. Rpx was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1.7-5.4 µg/kg, three times/week, GEM was administered intravenously (50 mg/kg/week) and DIN perorally (10 mg/kg, 5 times/week). Rpx inhibited ASML cell proliferation at IC<sub>50</sub>-values of 0.8-172 pM, caused apoptosis and reduced tumor growth significantly by 90% (P<0.05). The survival rate of rats was significantly increased (21.8 days for Rpx treated vs. 17.6 days for control rats; P=0.05). Higher doses of Rpx caused no further reduction in tumor size when compared with the low dose of Rpx or a combination of Rpx with GEM, or DIN. The standard drug GEM alone was less effective compared with Rpx. In addition, DIN was ineffective, and in combination, reduced the activity of Rpx. These results suggest that Rpx has an evident potential for use in pancreatic cancer treatment. Further experiments are required in order to elucidate its affinity for certain cancer cells and to optimize the combination therapy with other antineoplastic agents.
ROSMOD: a toolsuite for modeling, generating, deploying, and managing distributed real-time component-based software using ROS (2015)

This paper presents ROSMOD, a model-driven component-based development tool suite for the Robot Operating System (ROS). ROSMOD is well suited for the design, development and deployment of large scale distributed applications on embedded hardware devices. We present the various features of ROSMOD including the modeling language, the graphical user interface, code generators and deployment infrastructure. We describe the utility of this tool with a real-world case study - An Autonomous Ground Support Equipment (AGSE) robot that was designed and prototyped using ROSMOD for the NASA Student Launch competition, 2014-2015.
Transfection by Electroporation (2011)

Abstract Electroporation—the use of high‐voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells—can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression, and, because it requires fewer steps, can be easier than alternate techniques. This unit describes electroporation of mammalian cells, including ES cells for the preparation of knock‐out, knock‐in, and transgenic mice. Protocols are described for the use of electroporation in vivo to perform gene therapy for cancer therapy and DNA vaccination. Also described are modifications for preparation and transfection of plant protoplasts. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci . 57:A.1E.1‐A.1E.11. © 2011 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Dynamic network slice resources reconfiguration in heterogeneous mobility environments (2019)

This paper proposes a framework that optimizes network slicing provisioning in over‐the‐top (OTT) scenarios, by reducing occupied resources of slices from where the User Equipment (UE) handovers from. To achieve this, the framework leverages an existing Software Defined Networking (SDN)‐based UE virtualization scheme, which allows to instantiate in the cloud a representation of the physical device and its current connectivity context. This scheme was extended with the ability to anchor the UE's datapath and mask the underlying slices in a single end‐to‐end slice, allowing handover mechanisms between slices to become transparent to involved endpoints. This framework was implemented and evaluated in an experimental testbed where the UE moves between Wi‐Fi and long‐term evolution (LTE) slices, with results showing that upstream and downstream throughput is dynamically adapted to the UE requirements prior to the handover.
Non-contact high resolution Bessel beam probe for diagnostic imaging of cornea and trabecular meshwork region in eye (2015)

Primary angle closure glaucoma is a major form of disease that causes blindness in Asia and worldwide. In glaucoma, irregularities in the ocular aqueous outflow system cause an elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP) with subsequent death of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in loss of vision. High resolution visualization of the iridocorneal angle region has great diagnostic value in understanding the disease condition which enables monitoring of surgical interventions that decrease IOP. None of the current diagnostic techniques such as goniophotography, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and RetCam™ can image with molecular specificity and required spatial resolution that can delineate the trabecular meshwork structures. This paper in this context proposes new concepts and methodology using Bessel beams based illumination and imaging for such diagnostic ocular imaging applications. The salient features using Bessel beams instead of the conventional Gaussian beam, and the optimization challenges in configuring the probe system will be illustrated with porcine eye samples.
Computer Algebra in the Service of Mathematical Physics and Number Theory (2020)

Methods of computer algebra become more familiar to a wide audience of theoretical mathematicians and physicists. The environment of computer algebra system leads to a greater acceptance of computer instruments in the mathematical research. Methods of symbolic manipulation provided by computer algebra systems in combination with high-power number crunching abilities of traditional hardware and software open the way to truly large scale computations often needed by mathematicians and physicists. This chapter describes new low complexity (both operational and logical) methods and algorithms for computations of solutions of differential equations and their efficient evaluation, and of solution of algebraic equations. These computations are often basic in applied problems, but even more so in a variety of problems of number theory and algebraic geometry. Power series manipulations over various rings and fields are one of the most important features of advanced computer algebra systems.