gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Case Study for the Comparison of In Vitro Data Across Multiple Aerosol Exposure Studies with Extrapolation to Human Dose (2018)

In vitro aerosol systems offer advantages in generating aerosols and exposing cell cultures at the air–liquid interface (ALI), mimicking human exposure. However, dilution technologies, principles, and characteristics of exposure chambers differ between systems. In addition, various cell types and biological end points can be assessed, meaning that in vitro aerosol data are presented in different ways, so researchers are unable to compare data between systems, studies, and laboratories. In this case study we present the comparison of in vitro data across multiple aerosol exposure studies using a 3R4F reference tobacco product. The first aim assessed whether a consistent in vitro dosimetry approach could gain insight into the characterization of ALI aerosol exposure systems. The second aim assessed whether cytotoxicity data sets generated on contrasting exposure systems with different experimental setups could be directly compared. Cytotoxicity data generated from five independent studies were compared. When plotted on the x-axis as a function of dilution principle, the “standard way” to present whole aerosol data, there was little read across between the data sets. Expressing each data set as a function of particulate dose (μg/cm2) and nicotine concentration (mg), however, allowed comparisons between all data sets and with human daily exposure estimates. Furthermore, compared as a function of dose, the data set showed remarkable commonalities between themselves despite clear study differences. The data demonstrate that in vitro dosimetry techniques can align data between contrasting setups and experimental protocols to facilitate comparisons and provide a link between in vitro, in vivo, and human dosimetry studies.
Modeling hydro power plants in deregulated electricity markets: Integration and application of EMCAS and VALORAGUA (2008)

In this paper, we present details of integrating an agent-based model, Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS) with a hydro-thermal coordination model, VALORAGUA. EMCAS provides a framework for simulating deregulated markets with flexible regulatory structure along with bidding strategies for supply offers and demand bids. VALORAGUA provides longer-term operation plans by optimizing hydro and thermal power plant operation for the entire year. In addition, EMCAS uses the price forecasts and weekly hydro schedules from VALORAGUA to provide intra-week hydro plant optimization for hourly supply offers. The integrated model is then applied to the Iberian electricity market which includes about 111 thermal plants and 38 hydro power plants. We then analyze the impact of hydro plant supply offers on the market prices and ways to minimize the Gencospsila exposure to price risk.
Digital Footprinting: Uncovering Tourists with User-Generated Content (2008)

Novel methods and tools are being developed to explore the significance of the new types of user-related spatiotemporal data. This approach helps uncover the presence and movements of tourists from cell phone network data and the georeferenced photos they generate.
Using bursty announcements for detecting BGP routing anomalies (2021)

Despite the robust structure of the Internet, it is still susceptible to disruptive routing updates that prevent network traffic from reaching its destination. Our research shows that BGP announcements that are associated with disruptive updates tend to occur in groups of relatively high frequency, followed by periods of infrequent activity. We hypothesize that we may use these bursty characteristics to detect anomalous routing incidents. In this work, we use manually verified ground truth metadata and volume of announcements as a baseline measure, and propose a burstiness measure that detects prior anomalous incidents with high recall and better precision than the volume baseline. We quantify the burstiness of inter-arrival times around the date and times of four large-scale incidents: the Indosat hijacking event in April 2014, the Telecom Malaysia leak in June 2015, the Bharti Airtel Ltd. hijack in November 2015, and the MainOne leak in November 2018; and three smaller scale incidents that led to traffic interception: the Belarusian traffic direction in February 2013, the Icelandic traffic direction in July 2013, and the Russian telecom that hijacked financial services in April 2017. Our method leverages the burstiness of disruptive update messages to detect these incidents. We describe limitations, open challenges, and how this method can be used for routing anomaly detection.
Persistence of Ocular Rotation following Compensation for Displaced Vision (1966)

Photographic measurements of eye position before and after compensation for prismatic visual displacement revealed significant and persistent lateral ocular rotations of which Ss seemed unaware. These rotations could account for errors in reaching when prisms are first worn as well as for aftereffect errors.
COMBINED INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE AND PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR CONCOMITANT DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA AND PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (2005)

Combination treatment with IVTA and PRP may provide benefit in patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema who require urgent PRP for proliferative diabetic retinopathy by preventing exacerbation of macular edema.
A new oxidation-resistant self-aligned TiSi2process (1986)

This paper presents a thin amorphous Si (a-Si) on Ti as an oxidation-resistant material for a self-aligned TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> process. It is shown that a thin a-Si over Ti film will greatly suppress the interaction between Ti and ambient gases (N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) during the thermal TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> formation cycle in conventional N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> furnance while maintaining satisfactory self-aligned property after silicidation at a temperature below 630°C.
Development of a scaled-up CVI system for tubular geometries (1997)

Silicon carbide-based heat exchanger tubes are of interest to energy production and conversion systems due to their excellent high temperature properties. Fiber-reinforced SiC is of particular importance for these applications since it is substantially tougher than monolithic SiC, and therefore more damage and thermal shock tolerant. This paper reviews a program to develop a scaled-up system for the chemical vapor infiltration of tubular shapes of fiber-reinforced SiC. The efforts include producing a unique furnace design, extensive process and system modeling, and experimental efforts to demonstrate tube fabrication.
Preface: Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DMTCS). (2004)

The cloning of the opioid receptors allows the investigation of receptor domains involved in the peptidic and nonpeptidic ligand interaction and activation of the opioid receptors. Receptor chimera studies and mutational analysis of the primary sequences of the opioid receptors have provided insights into the structural domains required for the ligand recognition and receptor activation. In the current review, we examine the current reports on the possible involvement of extracellular domains and transmembrane domains in the high-affinity binding of peptidic and nonpeptidic ligands to the opioid receptor. The structural requirement for the receptors' selectivity toward different ligands is discussed. The receptor domains involved in the activation and subsequent cellular regulation of the receptors' activities as determined by mutational analysis will also be discussed. Finally, the validity of the conclusions based on single amino acid mutations is examined.
The effect of methotrexate and targeted immunosuppression on humoral and cellular immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2: a cohort study (2021)

UK National Institute for Health Research.
Estimating the prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance using pooled samples (2013)

In many resource-poor countries, hiv-infected patients receive a standardized antiretroviral cocktail. In these settings, population-level surveillance of drug resistance is needed to characterize the prevalence of resistance mutations and to enable antiretroviral therapy programs to select the optimal regimen for their local population. The surveillance strategy currently recommended by the World Health Organization is prohibitively expensive in some settings and may not provide a sufficiently precise rendering of the emergence of drug resistance. By using a novel assay on pooled sera samples, we decrease surveillance costs while simultaneously increasing the accuracy of drug resistance prevalence estimates for an important mutation that impacts first-line antiretroviral therapy. We present a Bayesian model for pooled-testing data that garners more information from each resistance assay conducted, compared with individual testing. We expand on previous pooling methods to account for uncertainty about the population distribution of within-subject resistance levels. In addition, our model accounts for measurement error of the resistance assay, and this added uncertainty naturally propagates through the Bayesian model to our inference on the prevalence parameter. We conduct a simulation study that informs our pool size recommendations and that shows that this model renders the prevalence parameter identifiable in instances when an existing non-model-based estimator fails.
Interconnections and Communications of Electric Vehicles and Smart Grids (2010)

Huge investigations have to be made by car and power companies to realize the electro-mobility and the corresponding infrastructure. One of the critical challenges with respect to the infrastructure is the setup and deployment of a future-proof common standard for smart grids. The charging process requires a smooth communication between electrical vehicles, the power supply equipment and the smart grid. In this regard, different kind of charging locations, the charging characteristic as well as several vehicle to grid stakeholders have to be considered. This paper discusses the vehicle to grid integration and gives an overview of the current ongoing working assumption in the international joint ISO/IEC standardization of the vehicle to grid communication interface (V2G CI). Furthermore, the paper shows an approach how this communication interface can be integrated into the smart grid communication. First project results are presented demonstrating the successful implementation of this approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Carbodiimides Using Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidant from Isocyanides and Primary Amines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post-production facial performance relighting using reflectance transfer (2007)

We propose a novel post-production facial performance relighting system for human actors. Our system uses just a dataset of view-dependent facial appearances with a neutral expression, captured for a static subject using a Light Stage apparatus. For the actual performance, however, a potentially different actor is captured under known, but static, illumination. During post-production, the reflectance field of the reference dataset actor is transferred onto the dynamic performance, enabling image-based relighting of the entire sequence. Our approach makes post-production relighting more practical and could easily be incorporated in a traditional production pipeline since it does not require additional hardware during principal photography. Additionally, we show that our system is suitable for real-time post-production illumination editing.
Ultra-wideband wireless vibration monitoring of off-highway vehicles (2012)

Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication applications are more and more common in automotive and off-highway vehicle testing. To perform online wireless vibration monitoring of off-highway vehicles, high-end wireless accelerometers are required that combine a high data rate with a low communication latency. However, such high-end wireless sensors are not easy to find in the market. To address this market need, we have developed a prototype of a high-end wireless vibration sensor node. Our sensor node consists of a digital accelerometer, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that acts as the central processing and control unit, and a short-range ultra-wide band (UWB) radio. The sensor node was validated in our lab by performing throughput and latency measurements. As a result we have demonstrated that our high-end wireless sensor node achieves a high throughput of 180Mbps and a low latency of 1ms, while still offering the flexibility to be adapted to different applications.
There's more to menu systems than meets the screen (1985)

Love playing with those fancy menu-based graphical user interfaces, but afraid to program one yourself for your own application? Do windows seem opaque to you? Are you scared of mice? Like what-you-see-is-what-you-get but don't know how to get what you want to see on the screen?Everyone agrees using systems like graphical document illustrators, circuit designers, and iconic file systems is fun, but programming user interfaces for these systems isn't as much fun as it should be. Systems like the Lisp Machines, Xerox D-Machines, and Apple Macintosh provide powerful graphics primitives, but the casual applications designer is often stymied by the difficulty of mastering the details of window specification, multiple processes, interpreting mouse input, etc.This paper presents a kit called EZWin , which provides many services common to implementing a wide variety of interfaces, described as generalized editors for sets of graphical objects . An individual application is programmed simply by creating objects to represent the interface itself, each kind of graphical object, and each command. A unique interaction style is established which is insensitive to whether commands are chosen before or after their arguments. The system anticipates the types of arguments needed by commands, preventing selection mistakes which are a common source of frustrating errors. Displayed objects are made "mouse-sensitive" only if selection of the object is appropriate in the current context. The implementation of a graphical interface for a computer network simulation is described to illustrate how EZWin works.
Case studies of smart grid demand response programs in North America (2011)

Demand response services that engage consumers are an important emerging aspect of the smart grid. The advent of new consumer-facing technologies that communicate with the electric utility is enabling this transformation. This paper presents and analyzes case studies of different electric utility programs, including enabling technologies and incentives, on smart grid demand response. The program successes are evaluated in terms of reduction in peak load and/or customer energy usage and customer satisfaction. An analysis of lessons learned is provided on how various incentives can affect the success and scalability of smart grid demand response programs.
Single-mode quadrature squeezing using dual-pump four-wave mixing in an integrated nanophotonic device (2020)

We report the generation of broadband single-mode (degenerate) quadrature
squeezed vacuum from an integrated nanophotonic device based on two coupled
silicon nitride microring resonators. Dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing in
one microring resonator is exploited to generate squeezed light, while unwanted
single-pump parametric fluorescence and Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing
processes are suppressed by selectively corrupting individual resonances using
a second, auxiliary resonator. Balanced homodyne detection is employed for
quadrature measurements, with 1.5 dB of quadrature squeezing directly measured.
We infer that approximately 6 dB of squeezing is present on-chip, before
collection and detection losses.
Virtual View Reconstruction Using Temporal Information (2012)

The most significant problem in generating virtual views from a limited number of video camera views is handling areas that have become dis-occluded by shifting the virtual view away from the camera view. We propose using temporal information to address this problem, based on the notion that dis-occluded areas may have been seen by some camera in some previous frames. We formulate the problem as one of estimating the underlying state of the object in a stochastic dynamical system, given a sequence of observations. We apply the formulation to improving the visual quality of virtual views generated from a single “color plus depth” camera, and show that our algorithm achieves better results than depth image based rendering using standard inpainting.
The effect of temperature on the internal dynamics of dansylated POPAM dendrimers (2011)

The internal and rotational dynamics of the dansylated poly(propylene amine) dendrimers (POPAM) have been studied by time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The hydrodynamic volumes of the dendrimer generations from G1 to G4 were estimated by fluorescence anisotropy data. Experiments and simulations suggest that the volume and the shape of the dendrimers are temperature dependent. At low temperatures the dendrimer structure becomes more spacious and rigid and back-folding of the individual branches is slowed down. For the G3 and G4 generations the temperature effects are much stronger than for the smaller G1 and G2 generations, where back-folding does not play a significant role. MD simulations elucidate the temperature-driven contraction, which is governed by the balance between intra-dendrimer and short-range solvent–dendrimer interactions and is further tuned by the dependence on the dendrimer generation, functionalization, and solvent. These findings pave the way to the design of dendrimers with temperature-dependent volume, accessible area, and host–guest chemistry.
Futility Analyses in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Clinical Trials: A Risky Business (2020)

In the standard, orderly progression of drug development trials, a moderately-sized Phase 2 trial demonstrates safety and efficacy of one or more doses of the investigational product, followed by large confirmatory Phase 3 trials of one or two doses leading to regulatory approval. The large and lengthy Phase 3 trials often include interim futility analyses using statistical methods to assess lack of benefit, so that programs “fail early” by identifying ineffective treatments early if evidence points toward lack of efficacy, in part to limit financial loss and redirect resources. For disease-modifying drug development programs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), finding an optimal strategy is particularly challenging. A slowing of decline rather than symptomatic improvement indicates disease-modification, and primary outcomes for such trials are noisy and sometimes subjective. As a result, very large, lengthy trials are required to see efficacy signals, so Phase 2 trials may look like Phase 3 programs or Phase 3 trials may directly follow Phase 1 trials. In other words, enormous trials may be launched without sufficient evidence of preliminary efficacy of the doses studied, dramatically increasing the financial risk to sponsors. In such instances, futility analyses embedded in trials would seem to be particularly important.
microRNA-17 Is the Most Up-Regulated Member of the miR-17-92 Cluster during Early Colon Cancer Evolution (2015)

Deregulated microRNAs play a role in the development and progression of colon cancer, but little is known about their tissue and cell distribution in the continuum of normal mucosa through the premalignant adenoma to invasive adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of the miR-17-92 cluster (miR-17, miR-18, miR-19, miR-20 and miR-92) as well as miR-21, miR-31, miR-135b, and miR-145 in early clinically diagnosed colon cancer. MicroRNAs were analysed by chromogenic in situ hybridisation in the normal-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence of nine adenocarcinomas developed in mucosal colon polyps. Subsequently, the expression of selected microRNAs was validated in 24 mucosal colon cancer polyps. Expression of miR-17 was confined to the epithelial cells, and the expression levels increased in the transitional zone from normal to adenomatous tissue. The miR-17-92 cluster members, miR-19b, miR-20a, and miR-92a, followed the same expression pattern, but miR-17 was the most predominant. An increased expression of miR-21 was found in the tumour-associated stroma with the most dramatic increase from adenoma to adenocarcinoma, while the number of positive miR-145 fibroblast-like cells in the normal lamina propria (stroma) decreased in a stepwise manner throughout the normal-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. It is concluded that the expression of miR-17, miR-21, and miR-145 changes at early stages of the normal-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. Thus, these microRNAs may play a role in the development of colon cancer.
Protocol for isolation of spermatids from mouse testes (2021)

Post-meiotic spermatids become spermatozoa through developmental stages during spermiogenesis. Isolation of spermatid fractions is required to examine the change of protein expression during spermiogenesis. Here, we present a simple method to isolate spermatid fractions from mouse testes using unit gravity sedimentation in a BSA density gradient. Isolation of spermatid fractions can be used to analyze changes of transcript or protein during spermiogenesis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al. (2020).
Quercus shumardii Buckley (2011)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/10663/thumbnail.jpg
How Good Can Monolayer MoS2 Transistors Be? (2011)

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)), unlike its bulk form, is a direct band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 1.8 eV. Recently, field-effect transistors have been demonstrated experimentally using a mechanically exfoliated MoS(2) monolayer, showing promising potential for next generation electronics. Here we project the ultimate performance limit of MoS(2) transistors by using nonequilibrium Green's function based quantum transport simulations. Our simulation results show that the strength of MoS(2) transistors lies in large ON-OFF current ratio (>10(10)), immunity to short channel effects (drain-induced barrier lowering ∼10 mV/V), and abrupt switching (subthreshold swing as low as 60 mV/decade). Our comparison of monolayer MoS(2) transistors to the state-of-the-art III-V materials based transistors, reveals that while MoS(2) transistors may not be ideal for high-performance applications due to heavier electron effective mass (m = 0.45 m(0)) and a lower mobility, they can be an attractive alternative for low power applications thanks to the large band gap and the excellent electrostatic integrity inherent in a two-dimensional system.
[The beneficial effect of Gingko biloba extract on myocardial impairment in diabetic rats]. (2005)

EGb can protect diabetic myocardium and anti-lipid peroxidation and decrease of NO level may be involved in it.