gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CFD Model of PM Sedimentation and Resuspension in Urban Water Clarification (2019)

Unit operations (UO) for urban water clarification are commonly implemented for management of particulate matter (PM), PM-associated chemicals, and microbial species, primarily through sedimentation. In this study, an Eulerian-equilibrium Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate the transport and fate of dilute PM suspensions in UO clarification systems. PM sedimentation and resuspension are considered with PM bed boundary conditions. For these simulations, two Robin boundary conditions are proposed for the capacity-limited resuspension (no-flux condition) of the PM bed layer and nonequilibrium sedimentation conditions. The applicability of the numerical model to PM transport is tested through four case-study databases including two laboratory flumes and two full-scale commercial UO systems designed for PM sedimentation. The numerical implementation of the proposed model is based on an open-source C++ framework. The detailed numerical structure of the model is given. For PM sedimentation with no resuspension, the numerical and physical models of PM separation are in excellent agreement for these systems. For PM resuspension, numerical and physical models of eluted PM concentration as a function of hydraulic stress (flow rate) and PM gradation are in good agreement. The numerical and mechanistic robustness of the proposed model represents an improvement compared with a representative Lagrangian particle method of previous studies. The proposed model can be implemented for design iterations and regulatory certification of UO clarification systems.
Evaluation of Heart Rate Variability Indices Using a Real-Time Handheld Remote ECG Monitor (2007)

Studies on retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of patients during cardiac arrest have shown significant changes in heart rate variability (HRV) indices prior to the onset of cardiac arrhythmia. The early detection of these changes in HRV indices increases the chances for a successful medical intervention by increasing the response time window. A portable, handheld remote ECG monitor designed in this research detects the QRS complex and calculates short-term HRV indices in real-time. The QRS detection of the ECG recordings of subjects from the MIT-Arrhythmia database yielded a mean sensitivity of 99.34% and a specificity of 99.31%. ECG recordings from normal subjects and subjects with congestive heart failure were used to identify the differences in HRV indices. An increase in heart rate, high-frequency spectral power (HFP), total spectral power, the ratio of HFP to low-frequency spectral power (LFP), and a decrease in root mean square sum of RR differences were observed. No difference was found on comparison of the standard deviation of normal to normal interval between adjacent R-waves, LFP, and very-low-frequency spectral power. Based on these, additional analytical calculations could be made to provide early warnings of impending cardiac conditions.
Anti-proliferative targets of sulforaphane in ovarian cancer (2005)

1567 Epidemiological studies have shown that an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. However, the literature does not contain many reports on the use of dietary components as chemopreventive agents for ovarian cancer. Sulforaphane (SFN) is derived from the breakdown of glucoraphanin and is found in large amounts in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli. We observed a strong anti-cancer effect of SFN on human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 by cell viability assays and determined the IC50 to be 10 μM. The loss of viability was due to induction of apoptosis where we observed a four fold increase in apoptosis at 10 μM going upto 20 fold at 100 μM. The apoptotic effect that results in the loss of viability is preceded by a significant effect on the regulator of cell cycle transition molecules specifically cdk4. The steady state level of cdk4 decreased in dose dependent manner with complete abrogation at 20 μM. In an effort to identify further upstream targets of SFN we examined the effect of SFN on signal transduction pathways that may be of significance in ovarian cancer. We observed that both total Akt protein and the active phosphorylated levels of Akt were significantly inhibited in SFN treated SKOV3 cells. We conclude that the pro-survival Akt pathway is a target of the chemopreventive SFN that may lead to cell cycle inhibition and induction of apoptosis and propose use of SFN with other chemotherapeutic agents that target phosphorylation mediated signal transduction pathways in ovarian cancer.
Morphologische Bildgebung von Meniskus- und Knorpelschäden des Kniegelenkes mit Ultrahochfeld-MRT bei 7Tesla – ein Vergleich mit 3-Tesla Bildgebung mit arthroskopischer Korrelation (2017)

Zur Bestimmung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit der Ultrahochfeld-MRT bei 7Tesla (7T-MRT) für Meniskus- und Knorpelschäden im Vergleich zur klinischen Routine-MRT bei 3Tesla (3T-MRT).
A Service-Learning Project Based on a Research Supportive Curriculum Format in the General Chemistry Laboratory (2008)

This article describes a two-semester general chemistry laboratory teaching approach to assist students in gaining experience with science-process skills. The ultimate goal is successful completion of a second-semester service-learning project requiring use of their newly developed science-process skills. The project entails creating an interactive concept-discovery activity to use in a kindergarten through sixth grade (K–6) class. In addition to discovery-based labs as part of their training, a first-semester project requires students to develop their own guided-inquiry discovery-formatted lab; one of which is selected and performed that semester. During the two semesters, problems are solved in teams sharing knowledge, experience is gained in written and oral communication of scientific concepts, and information-gathering techniques are learned. Labs and projects aim to improve students reasoning ability and confidence in their science-based decisions. Students are presented with an opportunity to understand what science is, not just a hands-on experience, and communicate among themselves and with K–6 students.
One-Shot Federated Learning: Theoretical Limits and Algorithms to Achieve Them (2021)

We consider distributed statistical optimization in one-shot setting, where there are $m$ machines each observing $n$ i.i.d. samples. Based on its observed samples, each machine sends a $B$-bit-long message to a server. The server then collects messages from all machines, and estimates a parameter that minimizes an expected convex loss function. We investigate the impact of communication constraint, $B$, on the expected error and derive a tight lower bound on the error achievable by any algorithm. We then propose an estimator, which we call Multi-Resolution Estimator (MRE), whose expected error (when $B\ge\log mn$) meets the aforementioned lower bound up to poly-logarithmic factors, and is thereby order optimal. We also address the problem of learning under tiny communication budget, and present lower and upper error bounds when $B$ is a constant. The expected error of MRE, unlike existing algorithms, tends to zero as the number of machines ($m$) goes to infinity, even when the number of samples per machine ($n$) remains upper bounded by a constant. This property of the MRE algorithm makes it applicable in new machine learning paradigms where $m$ is much larger than $n$.
Personal Relationships (1988)

In this chapter we review recent literature on personal relationships. Conceptual issues are raised regarding the definition of close or personal relationships, and various approaches to the subject matter are characterized. We then consider the problem of creating a property space of types of relationships, necessary, we think, for the mature development of the field. We advocate and illustrate a comparative approach to personal relationships in which theoretically crucial relationship types are used to illuminate important substantive questions. Research is discussed on several core topics in the general study of close relationships: interdependence patterns, justice, emotions, private culture, and the interpersonal construction of the self. We then turn to a processual organization of the literature on relationships, focusing on the stages of a relationship—buildup, continuation, deterioration, and ending. We conclude with a plea for sociologists to broaden their interests to cover the full domain of close relationships and to use to their fullest advantage the insights of psychologists who are working in this area.
Survey of Web Search Engines: Classifications, Characteristics and Effectiveness (2013)

The explosive growth of data available in the internet exposes a serious problem, informationoverflow, where each user gets rarely necessary information and which brings blind spot of information search. The blind spot means the areas which cannot be accessed by search engines. Hence, there is no way users can get the information in blind spots. They are getting wider, which cause loss of valuable information for users’ queries. The problem of blind spots stems from the way of navigating the web for current leading search engines, Google or Yahoo; they crawl web pages periodically and automatically, store them into indexed databases, and retrieve search results via queries. However, the rapid growth of the web data brings a limit of indexing pages, which massproduces data areas that cannot be accessed by the search engines. Besides, they still retrieve useless results for depending on a few keywords, where users wander again for really necessary information. The truly required searching way is to provide valuable and accurate search results to users in a customized way and to deliver the information from the viewpoint of a user, not from the viewpoint of a search engine provider. Recently, fresh search engines are developed and issued with Silicon Valley as the center. Their objectives are the intelligent and specialized search results as well as easy user interfaces. In this manuscript, we introduce some representatives of the newly published search engines along with surveying and classifying systematically current existing web search engines.
Verifizierung zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren zur Detektion von Spannstahlschäden an Spannbetonbauteilen mit nachträglichem Verbund (2005)

Für die Beurteilung des Gefährdungspotentials bestehender Bauwerke, bei denen im Falle von Spannstahlschäden die Tragfähigkeit nennenswert beeinflußt werden kann, sind zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zur Bewertung des Zustandes der Spannstähle von herausragender Bedeutung. Während des Abrisses der Hohenzollerndammbrücke in Berlin, bei der in früheren Untersuchungen Spannstahlschäden infolge wasserstoffinduzierter Spannungsrißkorrosion festgestellt worden waren, konnten Teile der Stege des Brückenüberbaus entnommen werden. Nach der zerstörungsfreien Untersuchung der dort enthaltenen Spanndrähte mit Hilfe von zwei auf der magnetischen Streufeldmessung sowie einem auf elektromagnetischer Resonanzmessung basierenden Verfahren wurden die Hüllrohre freigelegt und die Spanndrähte inspiziert, um die Ergebnisse der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung im Hinblick auf ihre Zuverlässigkeit zu beurteilen. Die Auswertung zeigt, daß Bereiche mit Brüchen mehrerer Drähte mit den zwei magnetischen Streufeldmeßverfahren detektiert werden können. Verification of Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Detection of Prestressing Steel Damage at Post-Tensioned Concrete Members For an assessment of the risk potential of existing structures where in the case of prestressing steel damage the load-bearing capacity could be significantly affected non-destructive testing techniques which enable reliable evaluation of the condition of the prestressing steels are of utmost importance. During the demolition of the Hohenzollerndamm bridge in Berlin where damage of prestressing wires due to hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking were found in former investigations parts of the girders of the bridge superstructure could be taken out. After non-destructive investigation by means of two testing techniques based on magnetic leakage flux measurement and one technique based on electromagnetic resonance measurement the single wires were inspected in order to verify the non-destructive testing results with respect to their reliability. From the results it can be concluded that areas with fractures of several wires could be detected by the two techniques based on magnetic leakage flux measurement.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones Through Asymmetric Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Reduction: Application to the Total Synthesis of Eupomatilone‐3. (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metabolically Stabilized Benzothiazoles for Imaging of Amyloid Plaques (2007)

Six new N-11C-labeled aminophenylbenzothiazoles substituted with fluorine in different positions have been synthesized and evaluated as amyloid-beta binding ligands. Our structure-property relationship studies show that the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring and the benzothiazole moiety has an influence on the metabolic stability, which in turn has an effect on the brain uptake kinetics. Two lead compounds have been identified with improved physicochemical characteristics for Abeta-plaque imaging in vivo.
A 32mW 7.4Gb/s protocol-agile source-series-terminated transmitter in 45nm CMOS SOI (2010)

An SST transmitter is described with ground regulation, P-to-N shunting and partially weighted segments for fine granularity level/equalization. Clocks and datapath dissipate 32mW at 7.4Gb/s with an 800mV eye for a power efficiency of 4.32mW/(Gb/s). Measured total jitter is 209.6mUI or 28.3ps at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> BER. Target protocols include PCIe G1/2, XAUI, FC 1/2/4, CEI6 MR and SATA 1/2.
Re-identification of anonymized CDR datasets using social network data (2014)

In this work we examine a large dataset of 335 million anonymized call records made by 3 million users during 47 days in a region of northern Italy. Combining this dataset with publicly available user data, from different social networking ser-vices, we present a probabilistic approach to evaluate the potential of re-identification of the anonymized call records dataset. In this sense, our work explores different ways of analyzing data and data fusion techniques to integrate different mobility datasets together. On the one hand, this kind of approaches can breach users' privacy despite anonymization, so it is worth studying carefully. On the other hand, combining different datasets is a key enabler for advanced context-awareness in that information form multiple sources can complement and enrich each other.
Cemented Hemiarthroplasties Are Associated with a Higher Mortality Rate after Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients (2017)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The postoperative outcomes of total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures in elderly patients were analysed to determine general and local complications as well as morbidity and mortality rates in order to detect risk profiles and assess the best individual treatment option. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred sixty-one femoral neck fractures among patients aged ≥ 65 years treated with cemented hemiarthroplasty (HA) or uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) between January 2005 and October 2013 were evaluated. In the presence of articular pathologies as well as a fracture type Garden III or IV, the indication for joint replacement was given. Criteria for performing hemiarthroplasty were previously limited mobility. Freely and fully mobilised patients and patients with manifested osteoarthritis received a cementless THA. A comparison of the observed complications was made, differentiating between general and surgery-specific hip-related complications. Furthermore, the mortality rates were analysed in relation to the respective surgical treatment. RESULTS Seventy cemented HA and ninety-one uncemented THA were performed. There was a high complication rate of approximately 19% in both surgical intervention groups. The patients were more likely to develop general complications (HA 12.8%; THA 10.8%) even though cardiopulmonary complications occurred more frequently in the cemented HA group. Four patients died after cemented hemiarthroplasty due to thromboembolic events (5.7% mortality rate), whereas no deaths occurred after total hip replacement. Surgery-specific complications rates were 7.8% in THA and 5.7% in HA patients. CONCLUSIONS THA in eldery patients with femoral neck fractures is associated with a higher complication rate, mostly of general medical entity. After cemented HA, our study reveals a high mortality rate due to thromboembolic events. For patients with multimorbidity in particular, these findings therefore suggest that uncemented THA should be considered to prevent lethal complications. Key words: femoral neck fracture; total hip arthroplasty; hemiarthroplasty; complications.
Lane detection and tracking system based on the MSER algorithm, hough transform and kalman filter (2014)

We present a novel lane detection and tracking system using a fusion of Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT). First, MSER is applied to obtain a set of blobs including noisy pixels (e.g., trees, cars and traffic signs) and the candidate lane markings. A scanning refinement algorithm is then introduced to enhance the results of MSER and filter out noisy data. After that, to achieve the requirements of real-time systems, the PPHT is applied. Compared to Hough transform which returns the parameters ρ and Θ, PPHT returns two end-points of the detected line markings. To track lane markings, two kalman trackers are used to track both end-points. Several experiments are conducted in Ottawa roads to test the performance of our framework. The detection rate of the proposed system averages 92.7% and exceeds 84.9% in poor conditions.
Tuning the Electronic and Charge Transport Properties of Schiff Base Compounds by Electron Donor and/or Acceptor Groups (2022)

Organic semiconductors have gained substantial interest as active materials in electronic devices due to their advantages over conventional semiconductors. We first designed four Schiff base compounds, then the effect of electron donor/acceptor groups (methyl/nitro) was studied on the compounds' electronic and transport nature. The absorption spectra (λ<sub>abs</sub>) were computed by time-dependent DFT at TD-B3LYP/6-31+G** level. The effect of different solvents (ethanol, DMF, DMSO, and acetone) was investigated on the λ<sub>abs</sub>. The substitution of the -NO<sub>2</sub> group to the furan moiety at the 5th position in Compound <b>3</b> leads to a red-shift in the absorption spectrum. A smaller hole reorganization energy value in Compound <b>3</b> would be beneficial to get the hole's intrinsic mobility. In contrast, a reduced-electron reorganization energy value of Compound 4 than hole may result in enhanced electron charge transfer capabilities. The reorganization energies of compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> exposed balanced hole/electron transport probability. The optical, electronic, and charge transport properties at the molecular level indicate that Compound <b>3</b> is suitable for organic electronic device applications.
Erratum to: Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales (2016)

As a result of a production error during the type-setting of the final version of the article [1], a number of additional files were incorrectly published, with the files not matching the Additional Files legends. All additional files for this article are republished below in the correct order. The publisher apologizes for the error and any confusion caused.
Adaptive Nonlinear Model-Based Fault Diagnosis of Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

In this paper, an adaptive fault diagnosis technique is used in Li-ion batteries. The diagnosis process consists of multiple nonlinear models representing signature faults, such as overcharge and overdischarge, causing significant model parameter variation. The impedance spectroscopy of a Li-ion LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> cell is used, along with the equivalent circuit methodology, to construct nonlinear battery signature-fault models. Extended Kalman filters are utilized to estimate the terminal voltage of each model and to generate residual signals. The residual signals are used in the multiple-model adaptive estimation technique to generate probabilities that determine the signature faults. It can be seen that, by using this method, signature faults can be detected accurately, thus providing an effective way of diagnosing Li-ion battery failure.
D212 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TANGENTIAL CIRCLE CHARACTERISTIC IN HIGH RATIO OF LENGTH AND WIDTH, HEXAGONAL ARRANGED UTILITY BURNER (2003)

In the large utility burner, tangential circle characteristic of multiangular burners is important guideline of burner. Through the experiments on the cold model test, the paper reports the tangential circle characteristic on high ratio of length and width, rectangle furnace and hexagonal arranged burners, and analyses the inner rule quantificationally. Contact circle has rotation, periodicity, time averaging and crumbliness, and jet flow swing has periodicity with the periodicity of tangential circle.
Representing 3{manifolds by triangulations of S 3 : a constructive approach (2005)

In a paper of I. V. Izmestʹev and M. Joswig [Adv. Geom. 3 (2003), no. 2, 191–225;], it was shown that any closed orientable 3-manifold M arises as a branched covering over S3 from some triangulation of S3. The proof of this result is based on the fact that any closed orientable 3-manifold M is a simple 3-branched covering over S3 with a knot K as branched set [H. M. Hilden, Amer. J. Math. 98 (1976), no. 4, 989–997; J. M. Montesinos, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2) 27 (1976), no. 105, 85–94;]. In the paper under review the authors obtain the same result in a different way, which turns out to be constructive. More precisely, a triangulation Δ of the 3-sphere S3 defines uniquely a number m≤4, a subgraph Γ of Δ and a representation ω(Δ) of π1(S3∖Γ) into the symmetric group of m indices Σm. The aim of the paper is to prove that if (K,ω) is a knot or a link K in S3 together with a transitive representation ω:π1(S3∖K)→Σm, 2≤m≤3, then there is a constructive procedure to obtain a triangulation Δ of S3 such that ω(Δ)=ω. This new method involves a new representation of knots and links, called a butterfly representation.
Development of New Low-GWP Refrigerants–Refrigerant Mixtures Including HFO-1123 (2019)

New refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP) are currently being developed to replace conventional higher GWP refrigerants. Recently, we have developed binary and ternary refrigerant mixtures, HFO-1123/HFC-32 and HFO-1123/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf. They showed azeotropic-like behavior and the potential to be an alternative to R-410A used in domestic and commercial air-conditioners. This work investigated the physical properties of these new refrigerants, including the critical parameters, PVT relation and compatibility with oils, and performed the theoretical cycle analysis. Equations of state developed from the physical properties were used in the theoretical analysis. The analysis showed that the performance of these new refrigerants are comparable to the performance of conventional ones. In addition, this work closely studied the self-decomposition of HFO-1123 and confirmed that it does not occur in the ordinary operating range of air-conditioning equipment.
Failure Mode of Suture Anchors as a Function of Insertion Depth (2005)

Surgeons should be aware of the effects of suture anchor depth and abrasive eyelet wear on construct failure during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.