gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure dependence of the solubility of Ar and Kr in melts of the system SiO2-NaAlSi2O6 (2000)

The solubilities of Ar and Kr in supercooled melts in the system SiO2-NaAlSi2O6 have been studied at temperatures of 1200 °C (SiO2), 1000 and 750 °C (NaAlSi3O8), and 800 °C (NaAlSi2O6) at pressures from 200 to 6000 bar. Gas sorption experiments were performed in an internally heated pressure vessel, and noble gas concentrations in quenched samples were analyzed by absolute analytical techniques [gas chromatography (GC), and thermogravimetry (TG), gravimetry]. Comparison of the results from this study with other absolute techniques (Rutherford-backscattering, mass spectrometry) is possible for silica and exhibit excellent agreement. This agreement leads us to conclude that our silica glasses with an Ar concentration of 1.02 wt% and a Kr concentration of 0.54 wt% are suitable as standard materials. Solubility increases linearly with increasing pressure for all three compositions. In SiO2 the solubility of Ar and Kr increases with pressure with nearly parallel slopes, whereas Ar and Kr exhibit diverging slopes in NaAlSi3O8 and NaAlSi2O6. The linear relationship between fugacity and dissolved gas below 2-3 kbar, indicates that Henry’s law constants (in units of 106 bar) for Ar in SiO2, NaAlSi3O8, and NaAlSi2O6 are 0.94, 3.15, and 5.71, respectively, and for Kr are 1.38, 5.69, and 9.28, respectively. The experimental results can be modeled by two alternative thermodynamic approaches. First, assuming mixing of noble gases with the network of the melt, partial molar volumes (in cm3/mol) can be calculated in SiO2, NaAlSi3O8, and NaAlSi2O6 for Ar as 25.9 ± 1.3, 21.1 ± 1.6, and 21.1 ± 0.7, respectively and for Kr as 24.3 ± 1.8, 27.6 ± 0.8, and 24.7 ± 0.9, respectively. Second, assuming the volume change upon solution to be zero, a Langmuir- Isotherm can be applied yielding saturation levels M (in units of 1020 sites/cm3 melt) in SiO2, NaAlSi3O8, and NaAlSi2O6 for Ar as 3.82 ± 0.6, 1.33 ± 0.2, and 0.72 ± 0.08, respectively and for Kr as 3.49 ± 0.7, 0.56 ± 0.05, and 0.42 ± 0.06, respectively. Highest solubility is observed in all three melts for Ar. Solubility decreases with increasing substitution of Si4+ by Na+ + Al3+. The dependence of solubility on composition supports the structural model for melts along the join SiO2-NaAlSi2O6 based on a stuffed tridymite-like structure.
John Cardy. Reaction-diffusion processes (2008)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Percutaneous vertebral augmentation in osteoporotic fractures (2007)

Purpose of review: With an ever-aging population, the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures will undoubtedly rise in the current century. The majority of the symptomatic fractures are refractory to medical management. A comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and the risks involved in these procedures for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is essential for the clinician. Recent findings: Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are two minimally invasive approaches for surgical treatment of these fractures. Two nonrandomized controlled trials have shown superior functional outcomes after vertebral augmentation in comparison to medical management for compression fracture patients. Furthermore, multiple prospective and retrospective outcome studies involving both types of procedures reveal significant improvements in pain control, mobility and functional quality of life. Kyphoplasty, in particular, offers additional advantages in treatment of these fractures such as vertebral body height restoration and correction of spinal deformity. In terms of adverse events, cement leakage carries the most serious consequences and has been reported less commonly in kyphoplasty compared with vertebroplasty. Summary: Although both types of procedures are efficacious and associated with minimal risks, significantly lower safety concerns have been demonstrated for kyphoplasty in comparison to vertebroplasty. Nonetheless, both procedures offer sustainable improved outcome over medical management.
NAP (davunetide) rescues neuronal dysfunction in a Drosophila model of tauopathy (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease causing irreversible cognitive decline in the elderly. There is no disease-modifying therapy for this condition and the mechanisms underpinning neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration are unclear. Compromised cytoskeletal integrity within neurons is reported in AD. This is believed to result from loss-of-function of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which becomes hyper-phosphorylated and deposits into neurofibrillary tangles in AD. We have developed a Drosophila model of tauopathy in which abnormal human tau mediates neuronal dysfunction characterised by microtubule destabilisation, axonal transport disruption, synaptic defects and behavioural impairments. Here we show that a microtubule-stabilising drug, NAPVSIPQ (NAP), prevents as well as reverses these phenotypes even after they have become established. Moreover, it does not alter abnormal tau levels indicating that it by-passes toxic tau altogether. Thus, microtubule stabilisation is a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy protecting against tau-mediated neuronal dysfunction, which holds great promise for tauopathies like AD.
Influenceof1,3-1,6- β-D-glucan (Leiber ® Beta-S) in diets on the effectiveness of anti-Enteric Redmouth Disease (AquaVac ERM) vaccine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) (2011)

This study was performed to investigate the influence of 1,3-1,6- β-D-glucan (Leiber ®Beta-S), natural product, on the antibody secreting cells (ASC) and specific antibody levels after immunization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with anti-enteric redmouth disease vaccine (AquaVac ERM). Fish were fed pellets containing of 1,3-1,6- β-D-glucan (Leiber ®Beta-S) at doses 100 mg and 200 mg per kg of pellets per day. After one week of Leiber ® Beta-S supplementation, the fish were immunized by immersion of the vaccine. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 days after immunization, blood and pronephros were taken from 20 fish in each group for immunological study. When analyzed by the ELISPOT assay, Leiber ® Beta-S at doses 100 mg and 200 mg per kg of pellets increased the number of specific ASC and specific antibody levels in serum analyzed by the ELISA. The highest numbers of ASC and specific antibody levels at a dose 200 mg per kg of pellets were observed. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that Leiber ®
Trabeculectomy With Internal Tube Shunt (2005)

Trabeculectomy with internal tube shunt is very effective in lowering IOP. It is postulated to work, to a large extent, by allowing access of the aqueous humor to the suprachoroidal space where the protein colloid osmotic pressure of uveal blood causes its absorption. This new procedure offers many advantages over other filter procedures and tube shunts.
Persistent storage for a workflow tool implemented in Smalltalk (1994)

This paper describes a new workflow model and its implementation in Smalltalk. The paper also details problems with using a RDBMS as the persistent store for the workflow tool and the subsequent experiences in using an ODBMS for this purpose. The final solution was a coexistence approach , using the RDBMS for legacy corporate data and the ODBMS for the process description and workflow status data.
Room-Temperature Quantitative Quantum Sensing of Lithium Ions with a Radical-Embedded Metal‒Organic Framework (2022)

Recent advancements in quantum sensing have sparked transformative detection technologies with high sensitivity, precision, and spatial resolution. Owing to their atomic-level tunability, molecular qubits and ensembles thereof are promising candidates for sensing chemical analytes. Here, we show quantum sensing of lithium ions in solution at room temperature with an ensemble of organic radicals integrated in a microporous metal‒organic framework (MOF). The organic radicals exhibit electron spin coherence and microwave addressability at room temperature, thus behaving as qubits. The high surface area of the MOF promotes accessibility of the guest analytes to the organic qubits, enabling unambiguous identification of lithium ions and quantitative measurement of their concentration through relaxometric and hyperfine spectroscopic methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The sensing principle presented in this work is applicable to other metal ions with nonzero nuclear spin.
Hippocampal stem cells differentiate into excitatory and inhibitory neurons (2000)

Stem cell technology promises new and rapid advances in cell therapy and drug discovery. Clearly, the value of this approach will be limited by the differentiated functions displayed by the progeny of stem cells. The foetal and adult central nervous system (CNS) harbour stem cells that can be expanded in vitro and differentiate into immature neurons and glia. Surprisingly, we do not know if neurons derived from stem cells form synapses, a definitive feature of neuronal function. Neuronal differentiation is a complex process and in this paper we establish conditions that permit extensive maturation of neurons in the presence of neurotrophins. These conditions permit the differentiation of rat hippocampal stem cells into both excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons. The proportion of excitatory and inhibitory synapses was strongly influenced by specific neurotrophins, and these responses reflect the region of origin of the stem cells in the brain. These data show that stem cells can be used to study mechanisms of excitation and inhibition in the nervous system.
Role of endolysosomes and inter-organellar signaling in brain disease (2019)

Endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) are membrane bounded organelles that play a key role in cell survival and cell death. These acidic intracellular organelles are the principal sites for intracellular hydrolytic activity required for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Endolysosomes are involved in the degradation of plasma membrane components, extracellular macromolecules as well as intracellular macromolecules and cellular fragments. Understanding the physiological significance and pathological relevance of endolysosomes is now complicated by relatively recent findings of physical and functional interactions between endolysosomes with other intracellular organelles including endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plasma membranes, and peroxisomes. Indeed, evidence clearly indicates that endolysosome dysfunction and inter-organellar signaling occurs in different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disease (HAND), Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as various forms of brain cancer such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These findings open new areas of cell biology research focusing on understanding the physiological actions and pathophysiological consequences of inter-organellar communication. Here, we will review findings of others and us that endolysosome de-acidification and dysfunction coupled with impaired inter-organellar signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, HAND, PD, and GBM. A more comprehensive appreciation of cell biology and inter-organellar signaling could lead to the development of new drugs to prevent or cure these diseases.
Towards Strong Accountability for Cloud Service Providers (2014)

In order to be an accountable organisation, Cloud Providers need to commit to being responsible stewards of other people's information. This implies demonstrating both willingness and capacity for such stewardship. This paper outlines the fundamental requirements that must be met by accountable organisations, and sketches what kind of tools, mechanisms and guidelines support this in practice.
Posttransplant Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Is Associated with Bronchial Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (2009)

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) compromises lung transplant outcomes and is characterised by airway epithelial damage and fibrosis. The process whereby the normal epithelial configuration is replaced by fibroblastic scar tissue is poorly understood, but recent studies have implicated epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The primary aim of this study was to assess the utility of flow cytometry in detecting and quantifying EMT in bronchial epithelial cells. Large airway brushings were obtained at 33 bronchoscopies in 16 BOS-free and 6 BOS grade 1-3 patients at 2-120 months posttransplant. Flow cytometry was used to assess expression of the mesenchymal markers alphaSMA, S100A4 and ED-A FN and HLA-DR. TGF beta 1 and HGF were measured in Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Expression of all three mesenchymal markers was increased in BOS, as was HLA-DR. BAL HGF, but not TGF beta 1 was increased in BOS. Longitudinal investigation of one patient revealed a 100% increase in EMT markers concurrent with a 6-fold increase in BAL TGF beta 1 and the diagnosis of BOS at 17 months posttransplant. Flow cytometric evaluation of bronchial epithelium may provide a novel and rapid means to assess lung allografts at risk of BOS.
A 65 nm 1 Gb 2b/cell NOR Flash With 2.25 MB/s Program Throughput and 400 MB/s DDR Interface (2008)

This paper describes a 1.8 V, 1 Gb 2 b/cell NOR flash memory, based on time-domain voltage-ramp reading concept and designed in a 65 nm technology. Program method, architecture and algorithm to reach 2.25 MB/s programming throughput are also presented, as well as the read concept, allowing 70 ns random access time and a 400 MB/s sustained read throughput via a DDR interface.
Structural and functional rescue of murine rod photoreceptors by human rhodopsin transgene (1999)

Mice carrying a targeted disruption of the rhodopsin gene develop a severe degenerative retinopathy, failing to elaborate rod photoreceptor outer segments (ROS), having no recordable rod electroretinogram (ERG) and losing all of their rod cells over a period of approximately 12 weeks. Murine and human rhodopsins differ in their amino acid sequences. Whether, or to what extent, such variability might influence the ability of human rhodopsin to serve as an adequate structural and functional substitute for the endogenous protein in mouse rod cells bears direct relevance to exploiting the full utility of Rho-/-animals as a model of degenerative retinal disease in man. We crossed Rho-/-mice with mice expressing a wild-type human rhodopsin transgene at levels approximating to those of the endogenous protein. Immunohistological examination of retinal selections from such animals demonstrated ROS of normal number and length and temporal expression of rhodopsin similar to that observed in wild-type animals; that is, immunoreactivity to an anti-rhodopsin antibody became clearly evident by day 3 post-partum. Whereas Rho-/-mice never display a rod ERG response, and even lose cone responses by 12 weeks of age, rescued mice showed 75% normal maximum amplitudes and had ERG b-wave thresholds (based on a 50 microV criterion) within 0.1 log unit of normal wild-type at 20 weeks, and cone amplitudes remained normal at this age. These data demonstrate very substantial structural and functional rescue of the rod photoreceptors of Rho-/-mice and long-term preservation by the human rhodopsin transgene.
Effect of salt and surfactant on aqueous solution properties of pyrene-labeled poly(3-dimethyl(methylmethacryloyl ethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate) (2002)

Photophysical and solution properties of pyrene-labeled poly(3-dimethyl(methylmethacryloyl ethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate), poly(DMAPS/Py), were studied in terms of fluorescence emission measurement. The IE/IM was shown as a function of polymer concentration in deionized water. IE/IM value decreases with an increase in the salt concentration. The addition of surfactants to the aqueous solution of poly(DMAPS/Py) can either induce the mixed micelle of intra-polymer and its surrounding surfactants and/or mixed micelle of inter-polymers and their surrounding surfactants. Models of interactions between poly(DMAPS/Py) and surfactant or divalent salt in aqueous solution are proposed.
Halogen‐free intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer system based on organic montmorillonite and graphene nanosheets (2018)

ABSTRACT Halogen‐containing flame retardants are not preferred for environmental reasons. Herein, a halogen‐free intumescent flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA/IFR) system containing organic montmorillonite (OMMT) and graphene nanosheets (GNSs) is fabricated with well dispersion structure, enhanced thermal‐oxidative resistance at high temperature. Interestingly, the amount of residual chars from thermogravimetric analysis is increased to 12.7 wt % at 700 °C, the EVA/IFR composite containing both OMMT and GNSs exhibits the best flame retardancy with the lowest peak heat release rate value of 529.58 kW m −2 , and the highest limited oxygen index value of 24.8%. The excellent flame retardancy is attributed to the formation of complete and compact protective char layer. Furthermore, the decreases of the mechanical properties caused by the addition of IFR are relieved and a high volume resistivity is maintained when combining OMMT and GNSs in the EVA/IFR system together. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46361.
Polydatin Reduces Cardiotoxicity and Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Sunitinib by Decreasing Pro-Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression (2021)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the main renal tumors and are highly metastatic. Sunitinib, a recently-approved, multi-targeted Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitor (TKi), prolongs survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, however a dose related cardiotoxicity was well described. Polydatin (3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-d-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum with consolidated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, however no studies investigated on its putative cardioprotective and chemosensitizing properties during incubation with sunitinib. We investigated on the effects of polydatin on the oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and Myd88 expression, highlighting on the production of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-12 and TGF-β) during treatment with sunitinib. Exposure of cardiomyocytes and cardiomyoblasts (AC-16 and H9C2 cell lines) and human renal adenocarcinoma cells (769‐P and A498) to polydatin combined to plasma-relevant concentrations of sunitinib reduces significantly iROS, MDA and LTB4 compared to only sunitinib-treated cells (P&lt;0.001). In renal cancer cells and cardiomyocytes polydatin reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in myocardial damages and chemoresistance and down-regulates the signaling pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome, MyD88 and NF-κB. Data of the present study, although <em>in vitro</em>, indicate that polydatin, besides reducing oxidative stress, reduces key chemokines involved in cancer cell survival, chemoresistance and cardiac damages of sunitinib through downregulation of NLRP3-MyD88 pathway, applying as a potential nutraceutical agent in preclinical studies of preventive cardio-oncology.
[Ni(xbsms)Ru(CO)2Cl2]: A Bioinspired Nickel−Ruthenium Functional Model of [NiFe] Hydrogenase (2006)

As a model of the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenases, a dinuclear nickel-ruthenium complex [Ni(xbsms)Ru(CO)2Cl2] was synthesized and fully characterized. The three-dimensional structure reveals a nickel center in a square-planar dithioether-dithiolate environment connected to a ruthenium moiety via a Ni(mu-SR)2Ru bridge. This complex catalyzes hydrogen evolution by electroreduction of the weakly acidic Et3NH+ ions in N,N-dimethylformamide and is therefore the first functional bioinspired model of [NiFe] hydrogenases.
Investigation of Carrot Reduction Effect on 4H-Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Wafers with Optimized Buffer Layer (2017)

We investigated the carrot-defect reduction effect by optimizing the buffer layers of 4H-Silion Carbide (SiC) epitaxial wafers. The SiC epitaxial wafer with the 0.5 μm-thick optimized condition-B buffer layer show the carrot-defect density of 0.13 cm -2 , since that with the conventional-A buffer layer were 0.68 cm -2 . Although the average bunching length with the optimized condition-B buffer layer was 7-times longer than those with the conventional condition-A buffer layer, we could reduce the bunching length by applying the optimized condition-B only to the initial 0.05 μm-thick buffer layer. Finally, with the initial 0.05 μm-thick optimized condition-B buffer layers, we could achieve the SiC epitaxial wafers with only half the carrot-defect densities of those with the conventional condition-A buffer layers, while the average bunching lengths were less than 100 μm. With this condition, we could achieve the estimated yield of 90.1% with 4 x 4 mm chips, while that with the conventional condition-A buffer layer was 81.9%.
Gut microbiome features associated with liver fibrosis in Hispanics, a population at high risk for fatty liver disease (2021)

Hispanics with liver fibrosis display microbiome profiles and associated functional changes that may promote oxidative stress and a proinflammatory environment. These microbiome signatures, together with NCK2 polymorphisms, may have utility in risk modeling and disease prevention in this high-risk population.
Efficacy of a monovalent human-bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine in Indian children in the second year of life (2014)

The trial is registered with Clinical Trial Registry-India (# CTRI/2010/091/000102) and Clinicaltrials.gov (# NCT01305109).
Post-Traumatic Filtering Bleb: An Unusual Consequence of a Fountain Pen Injury (2008)

A 24-year-old male was referred for unilateral visual loss and papilloedema. Eight years previously he had suffered a penetrating injury to the affected eye and 6 months prior to presentation a blunt contusive injury. Examination revealed a post-traumatic cystic bleb and signs of hypotonic papilloedema and maculopathy. Filtering blebs may therefore occur as a complication of trauma and be symptomatic over long periods of time.
Extracts from Radix Astragali and Radix Rehmanniae Promote Keratinocyte Proliferation by Regulating Expression of Growth Factor Receptors (2012)

Chinese herbal medicine has long been used as a treatment for wounds. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study it was shown that the proliferation of keratinocytes, which is known to play an important role in wound healing as the major cell type in the epidermis, was promoted by three herbal extracts/natural compounds: NF3 (an extract from the mixture of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR) in the ratio of 2:1), stachyose (an isolated compound from Radix Rehmanniae) and extract P2-2 (a sub-fraction from the extract of Radix Astragali). The effect of the herbal extracts/natural compounds on the growth of keratinocytes was not influenced by a high glucose level, a condition similar to diabetic patients who usually suffer from diabetic foot ulcers. Real time RT-PCR results showed that the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, but not transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor, was up-regulated by NF3. Moreover, treatments with the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 and the MEK inhibitor U0126 resulted in the diminishment of the effect of the three herbal extracts/natural compounds on keratinocyte proliferation, indicating that EGF receptor might have a significant role in this action. This study has further elucidated the molecular mechanism under which herbal extracts/natural compounds exert their effects on the wound healing process.