gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivation of economic weights for carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle from field records (1998)

Summary Economic weights for carcass traits of 5333 Japanese Black steers each month were derived from April 1988 to December 1990 by multiple regression analysis. The carcass traits considered were marbling score (BMS No.), rib‐eye area, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness. Two economic variables were adopted as aggregate genotype (i.e. breeding objectives): carcass unit price (yen/kg carcass) and carcass sale price (yen/head). The economic weight for marbling score increased from 1988 to 1990, indicating that the relative economic importance of marbling score increased during the 3 years in Japan. Correlations among two indices calculated from different economic weights (i.e. a maximum value versus a minimum value of each trait) were very high, whichever economic variable was adopted. The results indicated that the effect of variation in the economic weights on efficiency of selection might be quite small under field conditions. Furthermore, differences between the standard selection index with economic weights and a desired gains selection index were calculated using genetic parameters from the literature and the economic weights derived in this study. It is concluded that the use of the standard selection index with economic weights may be more practical for the improvement of carcass traits of the Japanese Black, because the economic weights can be derived from field data, breeding objectives of farmers may differ from those of breeders and there is little effect of variation of economic weights on selection efficiency in Japan. Zusammenfassung Ableitung wirtschaftlicher Gewichte für Schlachtkörpermerkmale bei Japanischen Schwarzen Rindern aus Felddaten Die wirtschaftlicher Gewichte wurden an Schlachtkörpern von 5333 Ochsen der Japanischen Schwarzen Rasse abgeleitet, Multiple Regressionsanalyse wurde an dem zwischen April 1988 und Dezember 1990 angefallenem Material angewendet. Berücksichtigte Merkamele waren Marmorierungsstärke (BMS), Rückenmuskelfläche, Rippenmuskeldicke und subkutane Fettdicke. Zuchtziele, also aggregierter Genotyp, waren Preis pro Kg Schlachtkörper oder Schlachtkörperwert. Die wirtschafliche Bedeutung der Marmorierung nahm von 1988 bis 1990 zu. Korrelationen wurden zwischen Indices geschätzt, wo die Bedeutung eines Merkmals einmal maximal, das andere mal minimal war (höchster bzw. niedrigster Preis in den 33 Monaten der Untersuchungszeit). Die Korrelation waren eng, d.h. die im Laufe des Untersuchungszeitraumes auftretenden Preisschwankungen haben wenig Wirkung auf einen Index. Es wurde auch ein “erwünschter genetischer Fortschritt” Index unter Verwendung von Literaturwerten erstellt, dessen Korrelation mit den optimalen Indices deutlich niedriger war. Es wird daraus geschlossen, daß ein Standard Selektionsindex mit realen wirtschaftlichen Gewichten vorzuziehen ist, da die wirtschaftlichen Gewichte von Bauern sich von denen der Züchter unterscheiden dürften und die Preisschwankungen relativ geringfügig sich auf Selektionseffizienz durch den Index auswirken.
PRELIMINARY FIELD EVALUATION OF A NEW FORMULATION OF ROZOL ( CHLOROPHACINONE ) BAIT AGAINST POCKET GOPHERS IN COLORADO (1985)

Mountain pocket gophers (Thomomy's talpoides) and plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) are a problem to rangelands in Colorado. A new chlorophacinone (50 ppm) pelleted bait was applied to active burrow systems by hand baiting. Efficacy on the Geomys plot was 100%, while 94.73% of the Thomomys were controlled with the product.
Mr and Spiral/Helical CT Imaging of Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease (1995)

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and spiral CT angiography are promising new imaging modalities for evaluating patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. Both techniques are less invasive than conventional angiography, and MR angiography has the additional advantages of not requiring iodinated contrast media or ionizing radiation. The basic principles of MR angiography and spiral CT angiography are reviewed with an emphasis on three-dimensional display techniques. This is followed by a discussion of their clinical applicability toward the diagnosis and treatment planning of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.
Exfoliation Route to Nanostructured Cobalt Oxide with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance (2011)

We report on two dimensional (2D)-nanostructured NaxCoO2 with enhanced thermoelectric properties prepared by the exfoliation/restacking method. We have shown that the exfoliation/restacking method is an effective route to constructing nanostructured cobalt oxide. Such a nanostructured sodium cobalt oxide results in an exceptionally low cross-plane conductivity, as low as 0.5 W m-1 K-1. Due to the decrease of in-plane thermal conductivity, ZT values of the restacked samples increase in comparison to that of the pristine, which shows the beneficial effect of the nanostructure on the thermoelectric property.
APC/C CCS52A complexes control meristem maintenance in the Arabidopsis root (2009)

Plant organs originate from meristems where stem cells are maintained to produce continuously daughter cells that are the source of different cell types. The cell cycle switch gene CCS52A, a substrate specific activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), controls the mitotic arrest and the transition of mitotic cycles to endoreduplication (ER) cycles as part of cell differentiation. Arabidopsis, unlike other organisms, contains 2 CCS52A isoforms. Here, we show that both of them are active and regulate meristem maintenance in the root tip, although through different mechanisms. The CCS52A1 activity in the elongation zone of the root stimulates ER and mitotic exit, and contributes to the border delineation between dividing and expanding cells. In contrast, CCS52A2 acts directly in the distal region of the root meristem to control identity of the quiescent center (QC) cells and stem cell maintenance. Cell proliferation assays in roots suggest that this control involves CCS52A2 mediated repression of mitotic activity in the QC cells. The data indicate that the CCS52A genes favor a low mitotic state in different cell types of the root tip that is required for meristem maintenance, and reveal a previously undescribed mechanism for APC/C mediated control in plant development.
Student (Mis)application of Partial Differentiation to Material Properties (2007)

Students in upper-level undergraduate thermodynamics courses were asked about the relationship between the complementary partial derivatives of the isothermal compressibility and the thermal expansivity of a substance. Both these material properties can be expressed with first partial derivatives of the system volume. Several of the responses implied difficulty with the notion of variables held fixed in a partial derivative. Specifically, when asked to find the partial derivative of one of these quantities with respect to a variable that was initially held fixed, a common response was that this (mixed second) partial derivative must be zero. We have previously reported other related difficulties in the context of the Maxwell relations, indicating persistent confusion applying partial differentiation to state functions. We present results from student homework and examination questions and briefly discuss an instructional strategy to address these issues.
Personalized privacy preservation (2006)

We study generalization for preserving privacy in publication of sensitive data. The existing methods focus on a universal approach that exerts the same amount of preservation for all persons, with-out catering for their concrete needs. The consequence is that we may be offering insufficient protection to a subset of people, while applying excessive privacy control to another subset. Motivated by this, we present a new generalization framework based on the concept of personalized anonymity. Our technique performs the minimum generalization for satisfying everybody's requirements, and thus, retains the largest amount of information from the microdata. We carry out a careful theoretical study that leads to valuable insight into the behavior of alternative solutions. In particular, our analysis mathematically reveals the circumstances where the previous work fails to protect privacy, and establishes the superiority of the proposed solutions. The theoretical findings are verified with extensive experiments.
A physiological sealant for cerebrospinal fluid leaks (1977)

A combination of concentrated platelets, thrombin, and fibronogen was used to adhere a pericranial graft to surgically produced cerebrospinal fuild (CSF) fistulas in dogs. This sealant successfully stopped leakage of CSF in all fistulas produced in both acute and chronic preparations. All control animals leaked CSF acutely. In chronic control animals the CSF leaks sealed spontaneously but the grafts were not well incorporated. Histoligical examination of the grafts and underlying brain showed not injury to the brain of meningeal vessel from exposure to the platelet glue. Good fibrous union of the grafts to the dura was confirmed.
Demosaicing using Human Visual Properties and Wavelet Interpolation Filtering (1999)

New color signal demosaicing algorithms in digital cameras are introduced by using properties of the human visual system, and by analyzing the desired frequency response of the interpolation filters. A color transformation of the RGB signal is used to obtain new signals on which interpolation is performed. The transformation corresponds to the signal processing steps within the human visual system. Wavelet filters are used for interpolation. Both objective measure and subjective testing show that the proposed algorithm achieves advantages over a previously published algorithm.
Identification and purification of an irreversible presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the spider Hololena curta. (1987)

A search for potent toxins that inhibit neuronal calcium channels in Drosophila melanogaster has resulted in the identification of a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the hunting spider Hololena curta. Using Drosophila neuromuscular junction as an assay, presynaptic inhibitory activity was purified using gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Data from gel electrophoresis indicate that the toxin is composed of two different subunits of Mr 7000 and 9000. At nanomolar concentrations the toxin produced a complete and long-lasting inhibition of synaptic transmission at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction without affecting the amplitudes of the spontaneously occurring miniature junction potentials. The block of transmission produced by the toxin was observed even during the direct depolarization of the motor nerve terminal. These physiological results indicate that the terminal is the site of action for the toxin. Indirect evidence using abnormally excitable Drosophila mutants suggests that the toxin is inhibiting transmitter release by altering the electrical properties of the nerve terminal rather than by interfering with nonelectrical events that may occur subsequent to calcium influx. All of the actions of the Hololena toxin can be explained by a specific and direct effect on presynaptic calcium channels in Drosophila motor neurons.
The three-dimensional scintillation dosimetry method: test for a106Ru eye plaque applicator (2005)

The need for fast, accurate and high resolution dosimetric quality assurance in radiation therapy has been outpacing the development of new and improved 2D and 3D dosimetry techniques. This paper summarizes the efforts to create a novel and potentially very fast, 3D dosimetry method based on the observation of scintillation light from an irradiated liquid scintillator volume serving simultaneously as a phantom material and as a dose detector medium. The method, named three-dimensional scintillation dosimetry (3DSD), uses visible light images of the liquid scintillator volume at multiple angles and applies a tomographic algorithm to a series of these images to reconstruct the scintillation light emission density in each voxel of the volume. It is based on the hypothesis that with careful design and data processing, one can achieve acceptable proportionality between the local light emission density and the locally absorbed dose. The method is applied to a Ru-106 eye plaque immersed in a 16.4 cm3 liquid scintillator volume and the reconstructed 3D dose map is compared along selected profiles and planes with radiochromic film and diode measurements. The comparison indicates that the 3DSD method agrees, within 25% for most points or within approximately 2 mm distance to agreement, with the relative radiochromic film and diode dose distributions in a small (approximately 4.5 mm high and approximately 12 mm diameter) volume in the unobstructed, high gradient dose region outside the edge of the plaque. For a comparison, the reproducibility of the radiochromic film results for our measurements ranges from 10 to 15% within this volume. At present, the 3DSD method is not accurate close to the edge of the plaque, and further than approximately 10 mm (<10% central axis depth dose) from the plaque surface. Improvement strategies, considered important to provide a more accurate quick check of the dose profiles in 3D for brachytherapy applicators, are discussed.
Topological criteria for nonlinear resistive circuits containing controlled sources to have a unique solution (1984)

This paper gives a definitive solution to the following fundamental problem: When does a network containing nonlinear monotone resistors (characterized by strictly increasing onto function), dc sources (voltage and current sources), and linear controlled sources (all 4 types) possess a unique solution? Our uniqueness criteria is couched in strictly topological terms. In particular, the uniqueness of a large class of practical nonlinear circuits can be determined, often by inspection, by checking for the presence of a new and fundamental topological structure called a cactus graph.
Reconstruction and analysis of a carbon-core metabolic network for Dunaliella salina (2019)

Abstract Background The green microalga Dunaliella salina accumulates a high proportion of beta-carotene during abiotic stress conditions. To better understand the intracellular flux distribution leading to carotenoid accumulation, this work aimed at reconstructing a carbon core metabolic network for D. salina CCAP 19/18 based on the recently published. Results The reconstruction resulted in a network model with 221 reactions and 212 metabolites within three compartments: cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondrion. The network was implemented in the MATLAB toolbox CellNetAnalyzer and checked for feasibility. Furthermore, a flux balance analysis was carried out for different light and nutrient uptake rates. The comparison of the experimental knowledge with the model prediction revealed that the results of the stoichiometric network analysis are plausible and in good agreement with the observed behavior. Accordingly, our model provides an excellent new tool to interrogate and better understand the carbon core metabolism of D. salina. Conclusions The reconstructed metabolic network of D. salina presented in this work is able to predict the biological behavior under light and nutrient stress and will lead to an improved process understanding for the optimized production of high-value products in microalgae.
Design and Fabrication of Hybrid Metal Semiconductor Mirror for High-Power VECSEL (2015)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a hybrid metal-semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for optically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting laser are reported. The realization of a pure gold reflector attached to an AlGaAs/AlAs DBR is achieved through the realization of a lithography pattern alternating gold and titanium areas for better surface adhesion. This reduces from 28 to 14, and the number of DBR pairs is needed to achieve a reflectivity above 99.9%. Experimental results are supported by simulations and show an output power beyond 4 W with an optical efficiency of 19% and very low thermal impedance, validating the excellent reflectivity and bonding quality of the device.
New Methods for Improved Double Circular-Arc Helical Gears (1997)

Abstract : The authors have extended the application of double circular-arc helical gears for internal gear drives. The geometry of the pinion and gear tooth surfaces has been determined. The influence of errors of alignment on the transmission errors and the shift of the bearing contact have been investigated. Application of a predesigned parabolic function for the reduction of transmission errors was proposed. Methods of grinding of the pinion-gear tooth surfaces by a disk-shaped tool and a grinding worm were proposed.
New Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Antibiotics, RK-1441A and B I. Biological Properties (1990)

Journal Article New Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Antibiotics, RK-1441A and B I. Biological Properties Get access Hiroyuki Osada, Hiroyuki Osada Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ken Ishinabe, Ken Ishinabe Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tatsuya Yano, Tatsuya Yano Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kaichiro Kajikawa, Kaichiro Kajikawa Ageo Seiken, Yadzu, Ageo, Saitama 362, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kiyoshi Isono Kiyoshi Isono Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-01, Japan Corresponding author. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 11, 1 November 1990, Pages 2875–2881, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870396 Published: 01 November 1990 Article history Received: 07 May 1990 Published: 01 November 1990
Autonomous Document Cleaning—A Generative Approach to Reconstruct Strongly Corrupted Scanned Texts (2014)

We study the task of cleaning scanned text documents that are strongly corrupted by dirt such as manual line strokes, spilled ink, etc. We aim at autonomously removing such corruptions from a single letter-size page based only on the information the page contains. Our approach first learns character representations from document patches without supervision. For learning, we use a probabilistic generative model parameterizing pattern features, their planar arrangements and their variances. The model's latent variables describe pattern position and class, and feature occurrences. Model parameters are efficiently inferred using a truncated variational EM approach. Based on the learned representation, a clean document can be recovered by identifying, for each patch, pattern class and position while a quality measure allows for discrimination between character and non-character patterns. For a full Latin alphabet we found that a single page does not contain sufficiently many character examples. However, even if heavily corrupted by dirt, we show that a page containing a lower number of character types can efficiently and autonomously be cleaned solely based on the structural regularity of the characters it contains. In different example applications with different alphabets, we demonstrate and discuss the effectiveness, efficiency and generality of the approach.
Design, Synthesis, and Development of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivatives as a Novel Series of Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors: Part I—Indole Derivatives (2022)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase <i>δ</i> (PI3K<i>δ</i>), a member of the class I PI3K family, is an essential signaling biomolecule that regulates the differentiation, proliferation, migration, and survival of immune cells. The overactivity of this protein causes cellular dysfunctions in many human disorders, for example, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this work, we designed and synthesized a new library of small-molecule inhibitors based on indol-4-yl-pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the low nanomolar range and high selectivity against the PI3K<i>δ</i> isoform. CPL302253 (<b>54</b>), the most potent compound of all the structures obtained, with IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.8 nM, is a potential future candidate for clinical development as an inhaled drug to prevent asthma.
Population genetic analysis of Helicobacter pylori by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis: extensive allelic diversity and recombinational population structure (1996)

Genetic diversity and relationships in 74 Helicobacter pylori isolates recovered from patients assigned to distinct clinical categories were estimated by examination of allelic variation in six genes encoding metabolic housekeeping enzymes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Seventy-three distinct allele profiles, representing multilocus chromosomal genotypes, were identified. All six loci were highly polymorphic, with an average of 11.2 alleles per locus. The mean genetic diversity in the sample was 0.735, a value that exceeds the level of diversity recorded in virtually all bacterial species studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. A high frequency of occurrence of null alleles (lack of enzyme activity) was identified and warrants further investigation at the molecular level. Lack of linkage disequilibrium (nonrandom association (of alleles over loci) indicates that horizontal transfer and recombination of metabolic enzyme genes have contributed to the generation of chromosomal diversity in H. pylori. In this sample of isolates, there was no statistically significant association of multilocus enzyme electrophoretic types or cluster of related chromosomal types and disease category.
A case study of collecting dynamic social data: The pro-ana twitter community (2015)

The study of social processes in on-line social media content is a relatively new and rapidly growing endeavour. Many social media platforms provide a public API (Application Programming Interface) which can be used for the targeted collection of data from perceived communities, however existing software for this purpose focusses on a â snapshotâ of the community and its communications, and ignores im- portant aspects of its dynamics. We present a data collection system designed to capture tweets and the dynamics of Twitter user profile and friend/follower lists, and an approach to identify a set of tags or keywords that define an on-line community. This approach and system were used to collect a data set spanning 2 years and 7 months (including 3 Christmas periods) from the â pro-anaâ (pro-anorexia) and eating disorder Twitter community.
Development of Adjacent-Level Ossification in Patients with an Anterior Cervical Plate (2005)

We found a positive association between adjacent-level ossification following anterior cervical plate procedures and the plate-to-disc distance. We now strive to place anterior cervical plates at least 5 mm away from the adjacent disc spaces in order to decrease the likelihood of moderate-to-severe adjacent-level ossification.