gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow-Mediated Vasodilation as a Diagnostic Modality for Vascular Failure (2008)

Vascular endothelial dysfunction represents an initial step of "vascular failure," which we have recently proposed as a comprehensive syndrome of failed vascular functions that extends from risk factors to established atherosclerotic disease. The early detection of vascular failure is essential in order to appropriately intervene and prevent its progression. Many efforts have been made to assess vascular endothelial function, and one of the most promising methods is the measurement of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) using high-frequency ultrasonographic imaging and transient occlusion of the brachial artery. The reactive hyperemia caused by the transient brachial arterial occlusion induces the release of local nitric oxide, resulting in vasodilation that can be quantified as an index of vasomotor function. The noninvasive nature of this technique allows repeated measurements over time to study the effectiveness of various interventions that may affect vascular health. Although there are technical and interpretive limitations of this technique, FMD-guided therapeutic approaches for vascular failure should contribute to the improvement of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
A novel polysaccharide hydrolase cDNA (celD) from Neocallimastix patriciarum encoding three multi-functional catalytic domains with high endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activities (1992)

A plant polysaccharide hydrolase cDNA, designated celD, was isolated from a cDNA library of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. The enzyme encoded by celD had endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and xylanase activities. Deletion analysis revealed that celD cDNA can be truncated to code for three catalytically active domains. Each domain had the same substrate specificity as the enzyme produced by the untruncated celD and also possessed cellulose-binding capacity. Substrate competition studies showed that carboxymethylcellulose and xylan appear to compete with methylumbelliferyl cellobioside for the same active site within each domain. Expression of celD transcript in the rumen fungus was constitutive and was not affected by the presence of cellulose in the culture medium.
Non‐Steroidal antiinflammatory agents. 1. A novel synthesis of 1‐methyl‐5‐p‐tolylpyrrole‐2‐acetic acid (tolmetin) (1982)

Abstract A four‐step preparation of 1‐methyl‐5‐ p ‐totylpyrrole‐2‐acetic acid (Tolmetin) is reported starting from 1‐methyl‐2‐ p ‐tolylpyrrole. Formylation of this compound followed by condensation with methyl(methylthio)‐methyl sulfoxide furnished 1‐(methylsulfinyl)‐1‐methylthio‐2‐(1‐methyl‐5‐ p ‐tolyl‐2‐pyrrolyl)ethylene. Pummerer rearrangement of the latter compound gave ethyl 1‐methyl‐5‐ p ‐tolylpyrrole‐2‐acetate, which was hydrolyzed in alkaline medium to afford Tolmetin.
Conceptualization of a Sensory Feedback System in an Anthropomorphic Replacement Hand (2021)

(1) Background: This paper presents a conceptual design for an anthropomorphic replacement hand made of silicone that integrates a sensory feedback system. In combination with a motorized orthosis, it allows performing movements and registering information on the flexion and the pressure of the fingers. (2) Methods: To create the replacement hand, a three-dimensional (3D) scanner was used to scan the hand of the test person. With computer-aided design (CAD), a mold was created from the hand, then 3D-printed. Bending and force sensors were attached to the mold before silicone casting to implement the sensory feedback system. To achieve a functional and anthropomorphic appearance of the replacement hand, a material analysis was carried out. In two different test series, the properties of the used silicones were analyzed regarding their mechanical properties and the manufacturing process. (3) Results: Individual fingers and an entire hand with integrated sensors were realized, which demonstrated in several tests that sensory feedback in such an anthropomorphic replacement hand can be realized. Nevertheless, the choice of silicone material remains an open challenge, as there is a trade-off between the hardness of the material and the maximum mechanical force of the orthosis. (4) Conclusion: Apart from manufacturing-related issues, it is possible to cost-effectively create a personalized, anthropomorphic replacement hand, including sensory feedback, by using 3D scanning and 3D printing techniques.
A Novel Low-Activation VCrFeTaxWx (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 1) High-Entropy Alloys with Excellent Heat-Softening Resistance (2018)

The microstructure, Vickers hardness, and compressive properties of novel low-activation VCrFeTa<i><sub>x</sub></i>W<i><sub>x</sub></i> (<i>x</i> = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 1) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were studied. The alloys were fabricated by vacuum-arc melting and the characteristics of these alloys were explored. The microstructures of all the alloys exhibited a typical morphology of dendritic and eutectic structures. The VCrFeTa<sub>0.1</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub> and VCrFeTa<sub>0.2</sub>W<sub>0.2</sub> alloys are essentially single phase, consisting of a disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC) phase, whereas the VCrFeTa<sub>0.2</sub>W<sub>0.2</sub> alloy contains fine, nanoscale precipitates distributed in the BCC matrix. The lattice parameters and compositions of the identified phases were investigated. The alloys have Vickers hardness values ranging from 546 HV<sub>0.2</sub> to 1135 HV<sub>0.2</sub> with the x ranging from 0.1 to 1, respectively. The VCrFeTa<sub>0.1</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub> and VCrFeTa<sub>0.2</sub>W<sub>0.2</sub> alloys exhibit compressive yield strengths of 1341 MPa and 1742 MPa, with compressive plastic strains of 42.2% and 35.7%, respectively. VCrFeTa<sub>0.1</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub> and VCrFeTa<sub>0.2</sub>W<sub>0.2</sub> alloys have excellent hardness after annealing for 25 h at 600-1000 °C, and presented compressive yield strength exceeding 1000 MPa with excellent heat-softening resistance at 600-800 °C. By applying the HEA criteria, Ta and W additions into the VCrFeTaW are proposed as a family of candidate materials for fusion reactors and high-temperature structural applications.
The biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Recognition and Specificity in a Squid/Luminous Bacteria Symbiosis. (1997)

Abstract : The symbiosis between the Hawaiian sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes and its marine luminous bacterial partner Vibrio fischeri was developed as a model system by which to study the process of recognition and specificity in the establishment of animal-bacterial associations. These early studies on this system revealed that complex, redundant systems ensure the fidelity of the relationship between these two partners. Using routine techniques of cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, we determined that specific receptor-ligand interactions are required during colonization, and that proteins thus far only associated with pathogenic associations are recruited into the function of modulating this cooperative symbiosis. In addition, comparative studies with different host and symbionts species, obtained from various locations around the globe, demonstrated that the squid-vibrio relationships have coevolved, and determined that the host symbiont specificity is determined during the early recognition phases of the association.
Tuxedo: An Open Approach to OLTP (1995)

Open OLTP (On Line Transaction Processing) is one of the fastest growing branches of computing. Tuxedo (from USL) addresses the requirements of Open OLTP in a comprehensive way. The aim of this guide is to outline the characteristics of Open OLTP environments related issues both from a conceptual and a technical point of view. The purpose of this book is therefore to assist a variety of IT professionals with their understanding of TUXEDO and with some decision-making related to it.
Cardiac cell type–specific gene regulatory programs and disease risk association (2021)

Misregulated gene expression in human hearts can result in cardiovascular diseases that are leading causes of mortality worldwide. However, the limited information on the genomic location of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) such as enhancers and promoters in distinct cardiac cell types has restricted the understanding of these diseases. Here, we defined >287,000 cCREs in the four chambers of the human heart at single-cell resolution, which revealed cCREs and candidate transcription factors associated with cardiac cell types in a region-dependent manner and during heart failure. We further found cardiovascular disease-associated genetic variants enriched within these cCREs including 38 candidate causal atrial fibrillation variants localized to cardiomyocyte cCREs. Additional functional studies revealed that two of these variants affect a cCRE controlling <i>KCNH2/HERG</i> expression and action potential repolarization. Overall, this atlas of human cardiac cCREs provides the foundation for illuminating cell type-specific gene regulation in human hearts during health and disease.
AN69: Evolution of the World’s First High Permeability Membrane (2011)

In response to a request from the French government, Rhône-Poulenc started development of a synthetic membrane for dialysis in 1969. When used for patients the new membrane, AN69, showed improved efficiency and clinical outcome. Treatment times could be reduced, peripheral neuropathy improved and patients expressed improved quality of life. This was the introduction of high-flux, volume-controlled dialysis. The polymer used for the AN69 membrane is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and sodium methallylsulfonate, specially selected for the dialysis application. Contrary to most synthetic membranes AN69 is hydrophilic, because the numerous sulfonate groups attract water and create a hydrogel structure which provides high diffusive and hydraulic permeability. In the AN69 membrane the microstructure and the chemical composition offer a unique context for bulk adsorption of low-molecular-weight proteins, the high water content of the hydrogel making the polymer chains easily accessible. The highly specific adsorptive properties - limited on the surface and favored in the membrane structure and with high specificity for basic, medium-sized proteins - distinguish AN69 from other synthetic high-flux membranes as well as from other so-called adsorptive membranes in the field of dialysis. Since its creation in the early 1970s the AN69 membrane has evolved to meet the requirements and challenges of dialysis therapy. Still the basic characteristics of high permeability to fluid and to a wide range of relevant uremic retention products combined with excellent biocompatibility, whether measured by traditional or novel indicators, have remained the hallmark of the membrane. The unique adsorptive capacity has provided a base for further development. The latest version of AN69, HeprAN, has heparin grafting on the inner surface and enhanced adsorption of bacterial products on the outer surface. Modern versions of AN69 are today used in hemodialysis and contemporary modes of convective therapies for a large number of chronic as well as acute renal patients around the world.
Selective metalization by chemical vapor deposition (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective metalization by chemical vapor depositionWayne L. GladfelterCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 10, 1372–1388Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00034a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00034a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1086Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chemistry of Antitumour Platinum Complexes (1981)

The antitumour activities of platinum complexes have been characterised in connection with their composition, structure, and properties. A relation has been established between the antiblastoma properties of platinum complexes and the charge and nature of neutral and acido-ligands, the geometrical configuration, and the degree of oxidation of the central atom. Hypotheses are put forward concerning the mechanism of the antitumour activity of platinum complexes. The prospects for the application of platinum and other platinum metal complexes in tumour chemotherapy are assessed. The bibliography includes 131 references.
DNA Aptamers for Functionalisation of DNA Origami Nanostructures (2018)

DNA origami has emerged in recent years as a powerful technique for designing and building 2D and 3D nanostructures. While the breadth of structures that have been produced is impressive, one of the remaining challenges, especially for DNA origami structures intended to carry out useful biomedical tasks in vivo, is to endow them with the ability to detect and respond to molecules of interest. Target molecules may be disease indicators or cell surface receptors, and the responses may include conformational changes leading to release of therapeutically relevant cargo. Nucleic acid aptamers are ideally suited to this task and are beginning to be used in DNA origami designs. In this review we consider examples of uses of DNA aptamers in DNA origami structures and summarise what is currently understood regarding aptamer-origami integration. We review three major roles for aptamers in such applications: protein immobilisation, triggering of structural transformation, and cell targeting. Finally, we consider future perspectives for DNA aptamer integration with DNA origami.
Robust Waterflooding Optimization of Multiple Geological Scenarios (2006)

Abstract Dynamic optimization of waterflooding using optimal control theory has a significant potential to increase ultimate recovery, as has been shown in various studies. However, optimal control strategies often lack robustness to geological uncertainties. We present an approach to reduce the impact of geological uncertainties in the field development phase known as a robust optimization (RO). RO uses a set of realizations that reflect the range of possible geological structures honoring the statistics of the geological uncertainties. In our study we used 100 realizations of a 3-dimensional reservoir in a fluvial depositional environment with known main flow direction. We optimized the rates of the 8 injection and 4 production wells over the life of the reservoir, with the objective to maximize the average net present value (NPV). We used a gradient-based optimization method where the gradients are obtained with an adjoint formulation. We compared the results of the RO procedure to two alternative approaches: a nominal optimization and a reactive control approach. The nominal optimization is based on a single realization, while in the reactive approach each production well is shut in when production is no longer profitable. The three control strategies were applied to each realization, from which the average NPV's and three cumulative distribution functions were determined. The RO results displayed a much smaller variance than the alternatives, indicating the increased robustness to geological uncertainty. Moreover, the RO procedure significantly improved the average NPV, compared to the alternative methods: on average 9% higher than using reactive control and 3% higher than for the nominal case.
Cyber security analysis using attack countermeasure trees (2010)

Attack tree (AT) is one of the widely used combinatorial models in cyber security analysis. The basic formalism of AT does not take into account defense mechanisms. Defense trees (DT) have been developed to investigate the effect of defense mechanisms using measures such as attacker's cost and security cost, return on investment (ROI) and return on attack (ROA). DT, however, places defense mechanisms only at the leaf node level while the corresponding ROI/ROA analysis does not incorporate the probability of attack. In attack response tree (ART), attacker-defender game was used to fin optimal policy from the countermeasures' pool and it suffers from the problem of state-space explosion, since solution in ART is resolved by means of a partially observable stochastic game model. In this paper, we present a novel attack tree named attack countermeasure trees (ACT) in which (i) defense mechanisms can be applied at any node of the tree, not just at leaf node level, (ii) qualitative analysis (using mincuts, structural and Birnbaum importance measure) and probabilistic analysis (using attacker and security cost, system risk, impact of an attack, ROI and ROA) can be performed (iii) optimal countermeasure set can be selected from the pool of defense mechanisms without constructing a state-space model. We use single and multi-objective optimization to fin suitable countermeasures under different constraints. We illustrate the features of ACT using a practical case study (SCADA attack).
Arrayed high efficiency dual-integrated microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (2011)

Low-power microstructured semiconductor neutron detector (MSND) devices have long been investigated as a high-efficiency replacement for thin-film diodes for thermal neutron detection. The detector devices were improved by stacking two 1cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> devices and integrating their responses together to act as a single diode, increasing detection efficiency to over 42%. The need for larger active area devices has driven further improvement of the technology. A large active area device has been developed by arraying seventy-two 1cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> devices together into two 6×6 configurations, dual-stacking them, and integrating their responses together in order to act as a single detector device. The intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency was found to be 7.03±0.04%. The leakage current of the 36cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> device was -42nA at -5V bias and the capacitance was found to be 54pF at -5V bias.
HRV4Training: Large-scale longitudinal training load analysis in unconstrained free-living settings using a smartphone application (2016)

We describe an approach to support athletes at various fitness levels in their training load analysis using heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). A smartphone-based application (HRV4Training) was developed that captures heart activity over one to five minutes using photoplethysmography (PPG) and derives HR and HRV features. HRV4Training integrated a guide for an early morning spot measurement protocol and a questionnaire to capture self-reported training activity. The smartphone application was made publicly available for interested users to quantify training effect. Here we analyze data acquired over a period of 3 weeks to 5 months, including 797 users, breaking down results by gender and age group. Our results suggest a strong relation between HR, HRV and self-reported training load independent of gender and age group. HRV changes due to training were larger than those of HR. We conclude that smartphone-based training monitoring is feasible and a can be used as a practical tool to support large populations outside controlled laboratory environments.
Severe Cyanosis Due to Atrial Septal Defect and an Anomalous Inferior Vena Caval Valve (1978)

Uncomplicated atrial septal defect is often associated with mild arterial de saturation. A case is reported with severe cyanosis and life-threatening hypoxemia due to an atrial septal defect. Cardiac catheterization revealed normal right heart pressures and an atrial septal de fect with shunting of inferior vena caval blood into the left atrium. At surgery an anomalous inferior vena caval valve was found directing inferior vena caval blood into the left atrium. The embryologic basis for this association is discussed. The delayed onset of severe cyanosis may have been contributed to by the tho racic scoliosis.
High speed quantum dot lasers (2005)

Self-organized quantum dot lasers, grown by MBE or MOVPE, have demonstrated superior characteristics such as large differential gain, ultra-low threshold current, high output power and large output tunability. However. these devices have successfully eluded researchers in the realization of large modulation bandwidths at room temperature. Typically, a bandwidth f/sub -3 dB/ /spl sim/5 to 7 GHz is measured in single-mode quantum dot lasers. In this paper, we will introduce and describe the technique of tunnel injection of carriers in quantum dot lasers and the benefits therefrom. Wc have recently demonstrated very high modulation bandwidth (>20 GHz), high T/sub 0/ (363 K in 5/spl deg/ < T < 60/spl deg/C and 202 K in 60/spl deg/ < T < 100/spl deg/C), and low Auger recombination coefficients (/spl sim/ 3.3 /spl times/ 10/sup -29/ cm/sup 6//s to 3.8 /spl times/ 10/sup -29/ cm/sup 6//s in the temperature range 15/spl deg/C < T < 85/spl deg/C) in In/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/As/GaAs self-organized quantum dot tunnel injection lasers.
Association of XPC polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical outcome to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients (2012)

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer (BC), the development and progression of disease, and response to different individualized drug treatments. We investigated two polymorphisms in XPC Ala499Val and Lys939Gln using PCR-RFLP assays including 618 cases and 622 controls. The frequency of the TT genotype of Ala499Val (adjusted odds ratio = 1.575; 95% confidence interval, 1.104-2.245; P = 0.012) and the AC genotype of Lys939Gln (adjusted odds ratio = 1.330; 95% confidence interval, 1.045-1.694; P = 0.020) were found to significantly increase the risk of developing BC. The CT+TT genotypes of Ala499Val were associated with estrogen receptor positive, and Her-2 and p53 negative status, and the AC+CC genotypes of Lys939Gln were associated with BRCA1 negative status. Moreover, a significantly increased chance of treatment with neoadjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy response was found in women carrying TT genotype of Ala499Val, or CC and AC genotypes of Lys939Gln. In addition, a significantly longer overall survival after chemotherapy was observed in patients who had XPC Lys939Gln AC+CC genotypes with estrogen receptor positive (log-rank test, P = 0.086) and p53 negative (log-rank test, P = 0.020). The current data suggested that XPC Ala499Val and Lys939Gln polymorphisms may contribute to the identification of patients with increased risk for BC. Moreover, the polymorphisms were associated with the prognosis of BC patients.
Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus displaying increased MICs of ceftaroline (2012)

Increased ceftaroline MICs were associated with decreased PBP2a binding affinity and reflected alterations in PBP2a.