gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressive Sensing for DCT Image (2010)

The Shannon/Nyquist sampling theorem claim that when capturing a signal, one must sample at least two times faster than the signal bandwidth in order to avoid losing information. Nowadays, compressive sensing, as a big idea in signal processing, is a new method to capture and represent compressible signals at a rate significantly below the Nyquist rate. In this paper, compressive sensing is applied in DCT image. 1-D and 2-D DCT are adopted respectively and the corresponding schemes are designed to match the transform. Experimental results shows that for 2-D images, compressive sensing with 2-D DCT can achieve better performance than 1-D DCT whether in PSNR values or visual quality.
Further studies of the optical absorption spectrum of U5+in zircon (1975)

From the studies of the concentration and compensator dependence of the optical absorption spectrum of U5+ in zircon, only the two strong lines near 9030 and 6700 cm-1 appear to be single-ion transitions in which the charge compensation is remote. Zeeman studies of the two lines have been made and it is concluded that there is a near-degeneracy in the ground state of remotely compensated U5+ in zircon. The separation of the low-lying states would appear to be <1cm-1.
Anti-inflammatory activity of a polypeptide from the Heteractis crispa sea anemone (2015)

The anti-inflammatory effect of the recombinant polypeptide HCGS 1.20, a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor of the sea anemone Heteractis crispa, was investigated. It was shown that the polypeptide inhibits the increase of the concentration of calcium ions in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages elicited by histamine, and reduces the content of NO in lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. A presumable mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of the polypeptide was being discussed.
Observation of Three-Photon Enhanced Four-Photon Absorption (2003)

We report the measurement of instantaneous resonant four-photon absorption in the polydiacetylene-PTS [polymer poly(bis para-toluene sulfonate) of 2,4-hexadyine-1,6 diol]. Although normally too weak to be observable, an exact degeneracy between three- and four-photon absorption into the dominant exciton and two-photon states, respectively, resonantly enhances this effect so that it can be measured (four-photon coefficient alpha(4)=0.01 cm(5)/GW(3)) at its peak wavelength of 1900 nm. Femtosecond measurements from 1200 to 2200 nm of two- and three-photon absorption, and the nonlinear refractive index coefficient are also reported.
Intercomparison of airborne and surface‐based measurements of condensation nuclei in the remote marine troposphere during ACE 1 (1999)

Intercomparisons of aerosol particle number concentrations measured with various condensation particle counters (CPCs) during the first Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1) are made to assess the accuracy of the airborne measurements. When no ambient 3–10 nm diameter particles (nanoparticles) were present, median concentrations from four CPCs on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C‐130 aircraft agreed to within ∼6% and were highly correlated ( r &gt;0.9). These instruments sampled from several different inlets and used various arrangements (e.g., tubing size and length, flow rates) to transport sampled air to the detectors. When the ambient aerosol contained significant numbers of nanoparticles, agreement between the CPCs deteriorated, likely from differences in nanoparticle transmission and detection efficiencies. During these periods, average total number concentrations measured by two ultrafine CPCs varied on average by 60% with a correlation coefficient of 0.85. Intercomparisons of airborne and surface‐based measurements were made during low‐altitude flybys of surface measurement sites. During flybys, few nanoparticles were detected, and measured total condensation nuclei (CN) concentrations differed by roughly +5 to −20% (CN surface /CN airborne −1) suggesting that the airborne measurements of fine aerosols agreed with ambient surface values to within 20%. Overall, we found that ambient fine particles (∼20–100 nm diameter) are fairly insensitive to airborne sampling techniques and thus are likely to be measured accurately. Sampling losses of smaller particles, however, may lead to a significant undermeasurement of ambient CN concentrations in rare instances when the number spectra are dominated by the smallest particles. This intercomparison involves measurements made in regions absent of liquid water to avoid artifact particles produced by fragmenting water droplets.
Compound genetic etiology in a patient with a syndrome including diabetes, intellectual deficiency and distichiasis (2022)

Abstract Background We studied a young woman with atypical diabetes associated with mild intellectual disability, lymphedema distichiasis syndrome (LDS) and polymalformative syndrome including distichiasis. We used different genetic tools to identify causative pathogenic mutations and/or copy number variations. Results Although proband’s, diabetes mellitus occurred during childhood, type 1 diabetes was unlikely due to the absence of detectable autoimmunity. DNA microarray analysis first identified a de novo, heterozygous deletion at the chr16q24.2 locus. Previously, thirty-three pathogenic or likely pathogenic deletions encompassing this locus have been reported in patients presenting with intellectual deficiency, obesity and/or lymphedema but not with diabetes. Of note, the deletion encompassed two topological association domains, whose one included FOXC2 that is known to be linked with LDS. Via whole-exome sequencing, we found a heterozygous, likely pathogenic variant in WFS1 (encoding wolframin endoplasmic reticulum [ER] transmembrane glycoprotein) which was inherited from her father who also had diabetes. WFS1 is known to be involved in monogenic diabetes. We also found a likely pathogenic variant in USP9X (encoding ubiquitin specific peptidase 9 X-linked) that is involved in X-linked intellectual disability, which was inherited from her mother who had dyscalculia and dyspraxia. Conclusions Our comprehensive genetic analysis suggested that the peculiar phenotypes of our patient were possibly due to the combination of multiple genetic causes including chr16q24.2 deletion, and two likely pathogenic variants in WFS1 and USP9X .
Depth-Limited Solving for Imperfect-Information Games (2018)

A fundamental challenge in imperfect-information games is that states do not have well-defined values. As a result, depth-limited search algorithms used in single-agent settings and perfect-information games do not apply. This paper introduces a principled way to conduct depth-limited solving in imperfect-information games by allowing the opponent to choose among a number of strategies for the remainder of the game at the depth limit. Each one of these strategies results in a different set of values for leaf nodes. This forces an agent to be robust to the different strategies an opponent may employ. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by building a master-level heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em poker AI that defeats two prior top agents using only a 4-core CPU and 16 GB of memory. Developing such a powerful agent would have previously required a supercomputer.
Kontakt zwischen den β1‐ und β2‐Segmenten von α‐Synuclein inhibiert die Amyloidbildung (2015)

Abstract Die Umwandlung des intrinsisch ungeordneten Proteins α‐Synuclein (α‐syn) in Amyloidaggregate ist ein Schlüsselprozess der Parkinson‐Krankheit. Die Sequenzregion 35–59 enthält die β‐Strangsegmente β1 und β2 aus Strukturmodellen von α‐syn‐Amyloidfibrillen sowie die Mehrzahl der bekannten krankheitsassoziierten Mutationen. β1 und β2 gehen miteinander transiente Interaktionen in monomerem α‐syn ein. Hier untersuchen wir die Folgen von β1‐β2‐Kontakten mittels Disulfid‐Engineering, biophysikalischen Techniken und Zellviabilitäts‐Assays. Die Doppelcystein‐Mutante α‐synCC mit einer Disulfidbrücke zwischen β1 und β2 bildet keine Aggregate und inhibiert die Aggregation und Toxizität von Wildtyp‐α‐syn. Wir zeigen, dass α‐syn die Aggregation des Amyloid‐β‐Peptids und des Inselamyloid‐Polypeptids inhibiert, ein Effekt, der in der α‐synCC‐Mutante verstärkt ist. Tertiäre Interaktionen in der β1‐β2‐Region von α‐syn beeinträchtigen die Nukleation der Amyloidbildung. Ein therapeutischer Ansatz wäre folglich die Förderung solcher Interaktionen.
Dynamics of chromosome spreading (1996)

Consistency of optimum chromosome spreading during harvest of cytogenetic specimens remains a major concern. We have tested the idea that a precise control of the drying rate (the time with which metaphase cells dry), as fixed cell suspension is placed on a slide or an in situ culture in last fixation, may be the answer. Amniocyte and lymphocyte cultures were allowed to dry at defined combinations of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) in a modified Thermotron environmental control unit. We were able to demonstrate, based on 2,250 amniocytes and 1,650 lymphocytes, that the metaphase area after drying was a function of RH and T for both in situ and non-in situ culture systems. As the RH and T increase, the metaphase area increases until a threshold is reached. Also, as RH increases, the slide drying time increases. Data obtained using a response surface regression, proportional hazards regression analysis and slide drying time studies are consistent with our model of chromosome spreading. Optimum metaphase areas can be achieved at various combinations of RH and T. We propose that the use of an environmental control unit is a practical way of achieving optimum chromosome spreading routinely and in a highly consistent manner. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A novel memory cell architecture for high-density DRAMs (1989)

Constant efforts have been made to reduce the number of elements used for memory cell in high density DRAMs. However, despite these efforts, the 2-element cell (1 transistor and 1 capacitor per bit) has been widely used since 1970's(Reference [1]).
Electrodeposition of Highly Porous Pt Nanoparticles Studied by Quantitative 3D Electron Tomography: Influence of Growth Mechanisms and Potential Cycling on the Active Surface Area (2017)

Nanoporous Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are promising fuel cell catalysts due to their large surface area and increased electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report on the influence of the growth mechanisms on the surface properties of electrodeposited Pt dendritic NPs with large surface areas. The electrochemically active surface was studied by hydrogen underpotential deposition (H UPD) and compared for the first time to high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) quantitative 3D electron tomography of individual nanoparticles. Large nucleation overpotential leads to a large surface coverage of roughened spheroids, which provide a large roughness factor (R<sub>f</sub>) but low mass-specific electrochemically active surface area (EASA). Lowering the nucleation overpotential leads to highly porous Pt NPs with pores stretching to the center of the structure. At the expense of smaller R<sub>f</sub>, the obtained EASA values of these structures are in the range of those of large surface area supported fuel cell catalysts. The active surface area of the Pt dendritic NPs was measured by electron tomography, and it was found that the potential cycling in the H adsorption/desorption and Pt oxidation/reduction region, which is generally performed to determine the EASA, leads to a significant reduction of that surface area due to a partial collapse of their dendritic and porous morphology. Interestingly, the extrapolation of the microscopic tomography results in macroscopic electrochemical parameters indicates that the surface properties measured by H UPD are comparable to the values measured on individual NPs by electron tomography after the degradation caused by the H UPD measurement. These results highlight that the combination of electrochemical and quantitative 3D surface analysis techniques is essential to provide insights into the surface properties, the electrochemical stability, and, hence, the applicability of these materials. Moreover, it indicates that care must be taken with widely used electrochemical methods of surface area determination, especially in the case of large surface area and possibly unstable nanostructures, since the measured surface can be strongly affected by the measurement itself.
Stabilized Finite Element Methods for Coupled Geomechanics – Reservoir Flow Simulations (2003)

Abstract Coupled geomechanical-fluid flow models are needed to account for rock deformation resulting from flow-induced pressure changes in stress sensitive reservoirs. There are, however, issues of numerical stability that must be addressed before these coupled models can be used reliably. Specifically, it is known that standard procedures can lead to pressure oscillations as a result of the violation of the Babuška-Brezzi (B-B) condition, which requires unequal order interpolation of the displacement and pore-pressure variables. In this paper, a number of different types of coupled models are considered. A novel finite element method is developed to circumvent the B-B condition. The method applies a stabilized finite element technique to solve the force balance and pressure equations along with a finite volume method to solve the remaining component mass balance equations. All of the equations are solved in a fully coupled fashion. This method is compared with fully coupled and iteratively coupled models developed using non-stabilized finite elements for the force balance with finite volume methods for all of the component mass balance equations. These comparisons demonstrate that all methods perform reliably on homogeneous reservoirs over long time scales. The stabilized method is shown to provide improved stability at early times and for reservoirs with very low permeability barriers.
Assessing and improving the performance of speech recognition for incremental systems (2009)

In incremental spoken dialogue systems, partial hypotheses about what was said are required even while the utterance is still ongoing. We define measures for evaluating the quality of incremental ASR components with respect to the relative correctness of the partial hypotheses compared to hypotheses that can optimize over the complete input, the timing of hypothesis formation relative to the portion of the input they are about, and hypothesis stability, defined as the number of times they are revised. We show that simple incremental post-processing can improve stability dramatically, at the cost of timeliness (from 90 % of edits of hypotheses being spurious down to 10 % at a lag of 320 ms). The measures are not independent, and we show how system designers can find a desired operating point for their ASR. To our knowledge, we are the first to suggest and examine a variety of measures for assessing incremental ASR and improve performance on this basis.
A Brief Half-Time Report (2010)

The first half of 2010 has been a particularly busy time for Optometry and Vision Science (OVS). By the end of May, our Editorial office received twice as many manuscript submissions as it had at the same time in 2009. In fact, it was the end of September 2009 before we had the equivalent number of submissions in 2009. This manuscript “traffic” has kept the Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, the Editorial Board, and its Guest Topical Editors quite busy, and reviewers, who are a key to our success, have had their share of increased activity. Our Editorial Board sees this as a healthy state of affairs for OVS as it moves into new publication paradigms with its publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). At the time of writing this Editorial (end of May), OVS has all of its articles scheduled for publication through the end of September, with most of its Glaucoma feature issue articles accepted for publication beyond that. When you receive this month’s publication, all scheduled articles through the end of September will be available as e-publications (published ahead of print) accessible at the OVS web site. In short, we are now targeting e-pubs for as much as 3 months ahead of publication. Ahead of us lies an upcoming feature issue entirely focused on glaucoma with internationally recognized clinicians and researchers as Guest Editors. Academy fellows Chris Johnson (University of Iowa, Iowa) and Murray Fingeret (New York, New York) are working with ophthalmology glaucoma specialist colleagues Douglas Anderson (University of Miami, Florida) and David Garway-Heath (University College, London). This month (July 26 to 29), the 13th International Myopia Conference (http://www.imc-2010.org/program.html) will be held in Tübingen, Germany. OVS will be publishing a Myopia issue that will include the conference proceedings abstracts and posters, along with selected key conference papers and a Guest Editorial, lead by Frank Schaeffel (University of Tübingen, Germany). The Guest Editorial will place the most recently reported advances in myopia research and treatment in context. OVS produced a similar theme issue (published January 2009) for the 12th Biannual International Myopia Conference held in Australia in 2008. Finally, I am exploring a theme issue on Amblyopia and its treatment, including new concepts and methods for treating adults with amblyopia. So, we have been very busy and expect to remain busy throughout the year. I see this as challenging, but very positive in the sense that we have wonderful new opportunities to communicate the very best of research that has clinical impact. I am grateful for an increasingly appreciative readership and to our expanded cadre of excellent authors. Anthony J. Adams Editor-in-Chief Berkeley, California
Delayed appearance of ectodermal cell death as a mechanism of polydactyly induction (1977)

ABSTRACT The temporal program of cell death in the apical ectodermal ridge and mesoderm of rat embryo hindlimbs was documented using supravital staining with Nile blue sulfate. Dye uptake indicative of cell death began postaxially at about 290 h of development and was followed in a few hours by preaxial staining, which became more extensive and intense up to 313 h. Two agents which cause preaxial polydactyly, cytosine arabinoside and 5-fluorodeoxy-uridine, postponed the onset of preaxial ectodermal cell death while at the same time having the expected cytotoxic effect on limb-bud mesoderm. In addition, a zone of deep preaxial mesodermal necrosis, thought to control the size of digit 1 in normal embryos, was usually absent in cytosine-arabinoside-treated embryos. The results suggest that the prolonged survival of ectodermal cells effected an increased inductive activity on the underlying mesoderm, leading to the formation of excess digital tissue. The data further suggest that the rate at which mesodermal cells were killed affected the subsequent delay of ectodermal cell death.
Radial Network Reconfiguration Using Genetic Algorithm Based on the Matroid Theory (2008)

This paper deals with distribution network (DN) reconfiguration for loss minimization. To solve this combinatorial problem, a genetic algorithm (GA) is considered. In order to enhance its ability to explore the solution space, efficient genetic operators are developed. After a survey of the existing DN topology description methods, a theoretical approach based on the graph and matroid theories (graphic matroid in particular) is considered. These concepts are used in order to propose new intelligent and effective GA operators for efficient mutation and crossover well dedicated to the DN reconfiguration problem. All resulting individuals after GA operators are claimed to be feasible (radial) configurations. Moreover, the presented approach is valid for planar or nonplanar DN graph topologies and avoids tedious mesh checks for the topology constraint validation. The proposed method is finally compared to some previous topology coding techniques used by other authors. The results show smaller or at least equal power losses with considerably less computation effort.
Contrasting responses of Kupffer cells and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes to biliary obstruction in a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury (2012)

Kupffer cells and iMNPs exhibit disparate biological responses to biliary obstruction and cholestasis. Kupffer cells play a key role in regulating iMNP influx and activity.
Reduced Capacity of Mononuclear Cells to Synthesize Cytokines against an Inflammatory Stimulus in Uremic Patients (2006)

Mononuclear cells in uremic patients are hyporeactive to inflammatory challenge and this may be one reason why uremic patients are vulnerable to infections.
Canalización eco-guiada de vías venosas centrales de acceso periférico y vías arteriales por personal de enfermería (2017)

Introduction: Some pathologies require venous or arterial vascular access that cause discomfort and pain in patients. The objective of this review was to determine the advantages of the eco-guided vascular channeling technique versus the traditional vascular channeling technique.
Methods: A bibliographic review was done using different databases, including Scielo, Pubmed or Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were those articles from 2012 to the present day and the exclusion criteria for articles that did not fit the theme of the study.
Results: The different articles reviewed on the eco-guided channeling of central or arterial venous pathways highlight that the number of complications derived from performing this type of technique compared to the traditional one (called blind channeling) is significantly reduced. In addition, the advantages have been specified in each of the techniques that can be performed by ultrasound. Finally, it was described how to perform this type of technique by trained nurses obtains satisfactory results.
Conclusion: The eco-guided channeling of vascular catheters reduces the number of complications and the time spent in the technique and supposes an increase of comfort and safety in the patient.
Crosslinking of rabbit skeletal muscle troponin with the photoactive reagent 4-maleimidobenzophenone: identification of residues in troponin I that are close to cysteine-98 of troponin C (1987)

We have used the sulfhydryl-specific, heterobifunctional, photoactivatable cross-linker 4-maleimidobenzophenone (BPMal) to study the interaction of rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC) and troponin I (TnI). TnC was specifically labeled at Cys-98 by the maleimide moiety of BPMal, and a binary complex was formed with TnI in the presence of Ca2+. Upon photolysis, covalent cross-links were formed between TnC and TnI [Tao, T., Scheiner, C.J., & Lamkin, M. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 7633-7639]. The cross-linked heterodimer was digested with cyanogen bromide, pepsin, and chymotrypsin into progressively smaller cross-linked peptides, which were purified by HPLC and then characterized by amino acid analysis and sequencing. We obtained a fraction from the initial CNBr digest that contained the expected peptide CB9 (residues 84-135) of TnC, cross-linked mainly to CN4 (residues 96-116), the "inhibitory region" of TnI. The peptides CN1 and CN3 of TnI were also detected in this fraction, but their molar ratios (compared to CB9) were only about 0.15 each, compared to 0.60 for CN4. Sequence analyses of fractions obtained after peptic and chymotryptic digests of the cross-linked CNBr fraction confirmed that CB9 and CN4 were the major cross-linked species. Quantitative analysis of sequencer results indicated that the residues in TnI that appeared to be most highly cross-linked to Cys-98 of TnC were Arg-108 and Pro-110, and to a lesser extent Arg-103 and Lys-107. These findings are consistent with previous studies on interactions between TnI and TnC and provide, for the first time, direct information on the identities of proximate amino acids in the two proteins.